gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
No Association between Glycemia and Wound Healing in an Experimental <i>db/db</i> Mouse Model (2013)

Impaired wound healing is a frequent problem in diabetes. Hyperglycemia may be an operative mechanism, but a link between glycemic control and wound healing has never been established. Wounds in db/db mice have been extensively studied. This study was undertaken to see if plasma glucose was a predictor of wound healing. An excisional wound was made (149 db/db mice). Wound closure was studied versus metabolic variables. The animals were 11.8 ± 0.2 weeks (mean ± standard error of the mean), obese (38.1 ± 0.5 g), and hyperglycemic (fasting plasma glucose 21.0 ± 0.7 mmol/L). Wound closure at day 13 was 30.1 ± 1.6%. In linear mixed model analyses neither fasting plasma glucose nor its change from start to end of experiment was a significant predictor of wound closure (β = 0.15, P = 0.07, 95% CI: -0.01 to 0.31 and β = 0.06, P = 0.5, 95% CI: -0.11 to 0.23, resp.). However, increase in body weight significantly and independently predicted wound closure (for weight change, β = 0.22, P = 0.008, 95% CI: 0.06 to 0.38). This study strongly suggests that wound healing in db/db mice is independent of prevailing glycemia but dependent on anabolic changes such as weight gain over time.
An FPGA Parallel Sorting Architecture for the Burrows Wheeler Transform (2006)

Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT) has received special attention due to its effectiveness in lossless data compression algorithms. However, implementations of BWT-based algorithms have been limited due to the complexity of the suffix sorting process applied to the input string. Proposed solutions involve data structures combined with hardware architectures aimed at reducing computational complexity. However, advanced data structures are difficult to be implemented directly into hardware architectures as they require sophisticated control units. In this paper we present a novel architecture based on a parallel sorting block to implement the BWT transform. The proposed architecture has been implemented on a field programmable gate array (FPGA) device providing good performance improvements compared with other reported implementations on FPGAs. Results obtained show a reduction in the number of cycles and an increase in the maximum frequency compared with other works. FPGA implementation results are presented and discussed.
Synthesis and optical properties of gallium arsenide nanowires (2000)

Gallium arsenide (GaAs) nanowires have been synthesized in bulk quantities and high purity by laser-assisted catalytic growth. Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy investigations show that the GaAs nanowires are produced in &gt;90% yield, are single crystals with 〈111〉 growth axes, and have diameters varying from three to tens of nanometers, and lengths extending to tens of micrometers. Photoluminescence (PL) measurements made on individual GaAs nanowires show large blueshifts in the PL peak position compared to bulk GaAs, and are consistent with strong quantum confinement. The implications of these results are discussed.
Clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA as a response and follow-up marker in cancer therapy (2020)

Response evaluation for cancer treatment consists primarily of clinical and radiological assessments. In addition, a limited number of serum biomarkers that assess treatment response are available for a small subset of malignancies. Through recent technological innovations, new methods for measuring tumor burden and treatment response are becoming available. By utilization of highly sensitive techniques, tumor-specific mutations in circulating DNA can be detected and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be quantified. These so-called liquid biopsies provide both molecular information about the genomic composition of the tumor and opportunities to evaluate tumor response during therapy. Quantification of tumor-specific mutations in plasma correlates well with tumor burden. Moreover, with liquid biopsies, it is also possible to detect mutations causing secondary resistance during treatment. This review focuses on the clinical utility of ctDNA as a response and follow-up marker in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, melanoma, colorectal cancer, and breast cancer. Relevant studies were retrieved from a literature search using PubMed database. An overview of the available literature is provided and the relevance of ctDNA as a response marker in anti-cancer therapy for clinical practice is discussed. We conclude that the use of plasma-derived ctDNA is a promising tool for treatment decision-making based on predictive testing, detection of resistance mechanisms, and monitoring tumor response. Necessary steps for translation to daily practice and future perspectives are discussed.
Liquid phase epitaxy of GaAlAs on GaAs substrates with fine surface corrugations (1974)

Liquid phase epitaxy of GaAlAs was performed on GaAs fine surface corrugations. By optimizing the growth conditions, GaAlAs layers were grown successfully with only minimal meltback.
A new class of efficient algorithms for reconfiguration of memory arrays (1996)

In this paper, we present a new class of linear time heuristic algorithms for reconfiguring RRAMs. One novel feature of our algorithms is that we are able to derive new bounds on the fault counts for fast detection of reparable and irreparable RRAMs. Another novel feature is that, based on our algorithms, we are able to identify a new polynomial time solvable instance of the reconfiguration problem. Empirical results indicate that our new class of algorithms is indeed fast and effective.
Compression-Ignited Homogeneous Charge Combustion (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Experimentally obtained energy release results, a semi-empirical ignition model, and an empirical energy release equation developed during this research were used to evaluate the combustion of compression-ignited homogeneous mixtures of fuel, air, and exhaust products in a CFR engine. A systematic study was carried out to evaluate the response of compression-ignited homogeneous charge (CIHC) combustion to changes in operating parameters with emphasis being placed on the phenomena involved rather than the detailed chemical kinetics. This systematic study revealed that the response of the combustion process to changes in operating parameters can be explained in terms of known chemical kinetics, and that through the proper use of temperature and species concentrations the oxidation kinetics of hydrocarbon fuels can be sufficiently controlled to allow an engine to be operated in a compression-ignited homogeneous charge combustion mode.</div>
The Grizzly, March 29, 1994 (1994)

This is an April Fool's parody issue of the Ursinus Grizzly newspaper entitled "The Goofly."
Design and implementation of MBS server for mobile IPTV service in WiMAX networks (2012)

This paper describes the design and implementation of MBS (multicast & broadcast service) server for mobile IPTV service in WiMAX networks. Based on interoperability requirements of WiMAX networks, the presented MBS server was implemented for mobile IPTV services and basically provides MBS service announcement and session management functions, dynamic MBS zone management, and MBS data transmission.
Characterization of a tightly controlled promoter of the halophilic archaeon <i>Haloferax volcanii</i> and its use in the analysis of the essential <i>cct1</i> gene (2007)

A system where archaeal gene expression could be controlled by simple manipulation of growth conditions would enable the construction of conditional lethal mutants in essential genes, and permit the controlled overproduction of proteins in their native host. As tools for the genetic manipulation of Haloferax volcanii are well developed, we set out to identify promoters with a wide dynamic range of expression in this organism. Tryptophan is the most costly amino acid for the cell to make, so we reasoned that tryptophan-regulated promoters might be good candidates. Microarray analysis of H. volcanii gene expression in the presence and absence of tryptophan identified a tryptophanase gene (tna) that showed strong induction in the presence of tryptophan. qRT-PCR revealed a very fast response and an up to 100-fold induction after tryptophan addition. This result has been confirmed using three independent reporter genes (cct1, pyrE2 and bgaH). Vectors containing this promoter will be very useful for investigating gene function in H. volcanii and potentially in other halophilic archaea. To demonstrate this, we used the promoter to follow the consequences of depletion of the essential chaperonin protein CCT1, and to determine the ability of heterologous CCT proteins to function in H. volcanii.
Synthesis of Macrocyclic [<i>n</i>.<i>n</i>.<i>n</i>](1,3,5)Cyclophane Polylactones (1981)

Abstract A series of new macrocyclic cyclophane polylactones has been synthesized by one-step condensation of the appropriate tri(acid chloride)s and triols using the silver cyanide-promoted esterification procedure.
Towards Nonspecific Detection of Malignant Cervical Cells with Fluorescent Silica Beads (2009)

To date, the methods for detection of cancer cells are mostly based on traditional techniques used in biology, such as visual identification of malignant changes, cell-growth analysis, specific ligand-receptor labeling, or genetic tests. Despite being well developed, these methods are either insufficiently accurate or require a lengthy complicated analysis. A search for alternative methods for the detection of cancer cells may be a fruitful approach. Proposed here is a novel method for the detection of cancer cells in vitro, which is based on nonspecific adhesion of silica beads to cells. First, atomic force microscopy is used to study the adhesion of single silica beads to malignant and normal cells cultured from human cervix. It is found that adhesion depends on the time of contact, and can be statistically different for malignant and normal cells. Using these data, an optical method utilizing fluorescent silica beads is developed, which is based on detection of the difference in the number of adherent particles. The method is tested using primary cells cultured from cervical tissues of three healthy individuals and three patients with cervical cancer. The method shows sufficiently high sensitivity for cancer to make it interesting to perform further statistical tests.
Alternating Least Squares Optimal Scaling: Analysis of Nonmetric Data in Marketing Research (1980)

The authors discuss and illustrate the advantages and limitations of a family of new approaches to the analysis of metric and nonmetric data in marketing research. The general method, which is based on alternating least squares optimal scaling procedures, extends the analytical flexibility of the general linear model procedures (ANOVA, regression, canonical correlation, discriminant analysis, etc.) to situations in which the data (1) are measured at any mixture of the nominal, ordinal, or interval levels and (2) are derived from either a discrete or continuous distribution. The relationship of these procedures to traditional linear models and to other nonmetric approaches (such as multidimensional scaling and conjoint analysis) is reviewed.
Simplified ink spreading equations for CMYK halftone prints (2007)

The Yule-Nielsen modified spectral Neugebauer model enables predicting reflectance spectra from surface coverages. In order to provide high prediction accuracy, this model is enhanced with an ink spreading model accounting for physical dot gain. Traditionally, physical dot gain, also called mechanical dot gain, is modeled by one ink spreading curve per ink. An ink spreading curve represents the mapping between nominal to effective dot surface coverages when an ink halftone wedge is printed. In previous publications, we have shown that using one ink spreading curve per ink is not sufficient to accurately model physical dot gain, and that the physical dot gain of a specific ink is modified by the presence of other inks. We therefore proposed an ink spreading model taking all the ink superposition conditions into account. We now show that not all superposition conditions are useful and necessary when working with cyan, magenta, yellow, and black inks. We therefore study the influence of ink spreading in different superposition conditions on the accuracy of the spectral prediction model. Finally,
Signalling via CD70, a member of the TNF family, regulates T cell functions (2004)

Abstract In the present work, we provide data supporting that CD70, a tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related molecule, defined as the CD27 ligand (CD27L), may actively regulate T cell functions similarly to other members of the TNF family (i.e., CD40L and CD30L). Cross-linking CD70 with specific monoclonal antibodies (mAb) stimulated cytotoxicity and cytokine production in human T cell clones. Detection of intracellular-free calcium mobilization and mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphorylation upon mAb engagement of CD70 further supported an active signaling role for the TNF-related molecule. Similar results were obtained in the Jurkat leukaemia T cell line stably transfected with CD70; in that system, induction of Akt phosphorylation was detected, indirectly revealing the involvement of the phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase pathway. Stimulation of CD70+ Jurkat cells, with a CD70-specific mAb or with COS-7 cells transiently transfected with CD27, induced transcriptional activity detectable by different reporter gene expression systems. Altogether, our data point out that a reciprocal communication may be established between CD27+ and CD70+ cells during the immune response.
Positive Feed-Forward control of three-phase voltage source inverter for DC input bus stabilization (2011)

A Positive Feed-Forward (PFF) controller is proposed as a new active approach to improve stability of a three-phase DC/AC switching inverter. In particular, the proposed approach solves the source subsystem interaction problem, i.e., a system stability degradation which is commonly observed when the inverter is connected to a DC voltage source subsystem that presents finite Thévenin impedance. The implemented strategy is to combine the PFF control with the conventional Negative Feedback (NFB) control. When properly designed, the PFF control modifies the inverter input impedance in the frequency range where the subsystem interaction occurs. As a result, the PFF control stabilizes the DC bus voltage ensuring overall system stability, while allowing the NFB control to maintain good output voltage regulation performance. The approach results in greatly improved stability and damping of the DC bus voltage with a slight reduction of output feedback control bandwidth. Complete small-signal models are presented on a dq rotating frame using g-parameter representation. The design criteria for the PFF controller as well as the trade-off between dynamic output performance and stability improvement are discussed in detail. An extended analysis of stability based on minor loop gain and passivity concept at the DC input bus is also presented. The approach is validated by simulation results.
Development of experimentally validated optical property models for silicon and related materials (2004)

A critical issue for rapid thermal processing (RTP), a single wafer integrated circuit manufacturing process, is how to reduce the temperature measurement uncertainty. Achieving high-accuracy temperature measurements using radiation thermometry requires knowledge of the optical properties of silicon and related materials. However, available optical property models lack consistency and are not fully validated by experiments at the wavelength and temperature ranges critical to radiation thermometry. To remedy this problem, researchers at the Georgia Institute and Technology and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have collaborated to develop experimentally validated software tools for the calculation of radiative properties of silicon-related materials. In the present study, a survey of existing optical property models has identified the need for more thorough measurements of the radiative properties at the wavelengths between 0.8 /spl mu/m and 1.0 /spl mu/m. The radiative properties of multilayer structures was calculated using thin-film optics, and a spectrophotometer at NIST was used to measure the reflectance for selected samples in the wavelength region from 0.5 /spl mu/m to 1 /spl mu/m at room temperature. The measurement results agreed well with the predicted reflectance using the optical constants extrapolated from two existing expressions. This study will pave the way for the validation and development of optical property models of silicon and related materials at elevated temperatures.
Improving fractionation lowers butane sulfur level at Saudi gas plant (1998)

Increasing the debutanizer reflux/feed ratio to improve fractionation at an eastern Saudi Arabian NGL plant reduced high sulfur in the butane product. The sulfur resulted from dimethyl sulfide (DMS) contamination in the feed stream from an offshore crude-oil reservoir in the northern Arabian Gulf. The contamination is limited to two northeastern offshore gas-oil separation plants operated by Saudi Arabian Oil Co. (Saudi Aramco) and, therefore, cannot be transported to facilities outside the Eastern Province. Two technically acceptable solutions for removing this contaminant were investigated: 13X molecular-sieve adsorption of the DMS and increased fractionation efficiency. The latter would force DMS into the debutanizer bottoms.
Collaboration between Tabletop and Mobile Device (2011)

Table-top is collaborative work space providing large touch screen which is capable of multi-touch interface. To make an extended collaborative work space without restriction of time and place, one possible way is adoptingmobile devices. In this paper, we propose a way to monitor and control the table-top using mobile devices. To monitor the large-screen table-top with a mobile device, it is necessary to convert image into low-resolution for the device. We adopt a "Focus & context" image generation method for tabletop control, to convert relatively large screen images into smaller one for mobile display. With this method, users are able to have their own point of view for tabletop-based collaboration and also to have extended work spaces by adopting remote control. We prove the result by conducting several experiments.
Tuning the Diels–Alder Reaction for Bioconjugation to Maleimide Drug-Linkers (2018)

The thiol-maleimide linkage is widely used for antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) production; however, conjugation of maleimide-drugs could be improved by simplified procedures and reliable conjugate stability. Here, we report the evaluation of electron-rich and cyclic dienes that can be appended to antibodies and reacted with maleimide-containing drugs through the Diels-Alder (DA) reaction. Drug conjugation is fast and quantitative due to reaction acceleration in water, and the linkage is more stable in serum than in the corresponding thiol-maleimide adduct with the same drug. ADCs produced using the DA reaction (DAADCs) are effective in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating the utility of this reaction in producing effective biotherapeutics. Given the large number of commercially available maleimide compounds, this conjugation approach could be readily applied to the production of a wide range of antibody (or protein) conjugates.
Wavelets for approximate Fourier transform and data compression (1997)

This dissertation has two parts. In the first part, we develop a wavelet-based fast approximate Fourier transform algorithm. The second part is devoted to the developments of several wavelet-based data compression techniques for image and seismic data.\nWe propose an algorithm that uses the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) as a tool to compute the discrete Fourier transform (DFT). The classical Cooley-Tukey FFT is shown to be a special case of the proposed algorithm when the wavelets in use are trivial. The main advantage of our algorithm is that the good time and frequency localization of wavelets can be exploited to approximate the Fourier transform for many classes of signals, resulting in much less computation. Thus the new algorithm provides an efficient complexity versus accuracy tradeoff. When approximations are allowed, under certain sparsity conditions, the algorithm can achieve linear complexity, i.e. O(N). The proposed algorithm also has built-in noise reduction capability.\nFor waveform and image compression, we propose a novel scheme using the recently developed Burrows-Wheeler transform (BWT). We show that the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) should be used before the Burrows-Wheeler transform to improve the compression performance for many natural signals and images. We demonstrate that the simple concatenation of the DWT and BWT coding performs comparably as the embedded zerotree wavelet (EZW) compression for images. Various techniques that significantly improve the performance of our compression scheme are also discussed.\nThe phase information is crucial for seismic data processing. However, traditional compression schemes do not pay special attention to preserving the phase of the seismic data, resulting in the loss of critical information. We propose a lossy compression method that preserves the phase as much as possible. The method is based on the self-adjusting wavelet transform that adapts to the locations of the significant signal components. The elegant method of embedded zerotree wavelet compression is modified and incorporated into our compression scheme. Our method can be applied to both one dimensional seismic signals and two dimensional seismic images.
The Compton backscattering process and radiotherapy (1997)

Radiotherapy utilizes photons for treating cancer. Historically these photons have been produced by the bremsstrahlung process. In this paper we introduce Compton backscattering as an alternate method of photon production for cancer treatment. Compton backscattering is a well-established method to produce high-energy photons (gamma rays) for nuclear physics experiments. Compton backscattering involves the collision of a low-energy (eV) photon with a high-energy (hundreds of MeV) electron. It is shown that the photons scattered in the direction opposite to the direction of the initial photon (backscattered) will have the energy desired for photon beam therapy. The output of Compton backscattering is a high-energy photon beam (gamma-ray beam), which is well collimated and has minimal low-energy components. Such gamma beams may be used for conventional high-energy photon treatments, production of radionuclides, and generation of positrons and neutrons. The theoretical basis for this process is reviewed and Monte Carlo calculations of dose profiles for peak energies of 7, 15, and 30 MeV are presented. The potential advantages of the Compton process and its future role in radiotherapy will be discussed.
Adaptive authentication based on analysis of user behavior (2014)

Authentication is a mechanism to verify identity of users. Those who can present valid credential are considered as authenticated identities. In this paper, we introduce an adaptive authentication system called Unified Authentication Platform (UAP) which incorporates adaptive control to identify high-risk and suspicious illegitimate login attempts. The system evaluates comprehensive set of known information about the users from the past login history to define their normal behavior profile. The system leverages this information that has been previously stored to determine the security risk and level of assurance of current login attempt.