gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
I/Q multiplexed code assignment for fast cell search under hierarchical cell structure (2002)

For wireless multimedia services in cellular systems, it is desirable to asynchronously operate the cell sites because of flexible system deployment form outdoors to indoors. For this, we should be able to minimize the cell search time which is much longer than in case of synchronous operation. A novel I/Q multiplexed code assignment is proposed for asynchronous cell site operation under hierarchical cell structure, in which the I-channel code as a group code and the Q-channel code as a cell-specific code are assigned to a forward pilot channel. As a decision algorithm, a SPRT (sequential probability ratio test) is used to further reduce the acquisition time of the I/Q multiplexed code. Simulation results show that cell search from macro to micro, or vice versa, can be accomplished in less than about 50 ms at 90% of the locations.
Single-Cell Detection Using Optofluidic Intracavity Spectroscopy (2006)

Optofluidic intracavity spectroscopy was used to realize label-free detection of single biological cells, including yeast cells and human blood cells, as well as polystyrene spheres in a microfluidic Fabry-Perot cavity. The design, fabrication, and testing of the cavities are discussed, along with the sensing mechanism. The resonant conditions of the microfluidic cavity were modified by the cells and microspheres inside the cavity due to the effective refractive index profile of the cells. Transmission spectra of single cells in the cavity, measured using a customized microscope system, exhibited cell-type specific higher order transverse mode features, including the number of transverse modes, mode shape, and the relative mode spacing. A correlation method for the cell-induced spectra is reported and provides a preliminary demonstration that some types of single cells can be differentiated. After further development, the method may provide a useful label-free optical technique for recognizing cells in a microfluidic environment
Welfare reform four years later: progress and prospects - opening remarks (2001)

Poverty; Public welfare
Discovery of First-in-Class, Potent, and Orally Bioavailable Embryonic Ectoderm Development (EED) Inhibitor with Robust Anticancer Efficacy (2017)

Overexpression and somatic heterozygous mutations of EZH2, the catalytic subunit of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), are associated with several tumor types. EZH2 inhibitor, EPZ-6438 (tazemetostat), demonstrated clinical efficacy in patients with acceptable safety profile as monotherapy. EED, another subunit of PRC2 complex, is essential for its histone methyltransferase activity through direct binding to trimethylated lysine 27 on histone 3 (H3K27Me3). Herein we disclose the discovery of a first-in-class potent, selective, and orally bioavailable EED inhibitor compound 43 (EED226). Guided by X-ray crystallography, compound 43 was discovered by fragmentation and regrowth of compound 7, a PRC2 HTS hit that directly binds EED. The ensuing scaffold hopping followed by multiparameter optimization led to the discovery of 43. Compound 43 induces robust and sustained tumor regression in EZH2<sup>MUT</sup> preclinical DLBCL model. For the first time we demonstrate that specific and direct inhibition of EED can be effective as an anticancer strategy.
Approaching Complete Inhibition of P-Glycoprotein at the Human Blood–Brain Barrier: An (<i>R</i>)-[<sup>11</sup>C]Verapamil PET Study (2015)

As P-glycoprotein (Pgp) inhibition at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) after administration of a single dose of tariquidar is transient, we performed positron emission tomography (PET) scans with the Pgp substrate (R)-[(11)C]verapamil in five healthy volunteers during continuous intravenous tariquidar infusion. Total distribution volume (VT) of (R)-[(11)C]verapamil in whole-brain gray matter increased by 273 ± 78% relative to baseline scans without tariquidar, which was higher than previously reported VT increases. During tariquidar infusion whole-brain VT was comparable to VT in the pituitary gland, a region not protected by the BBB, which suggested that we were approaching complete Pgp inhibition at the human BBB.
Prediction of the location of the lumbar aorta using the first four lumbar vertebrae as a predictor (2004)

This paper is one of the first steps towards the development of a mass-screening tool, well-suited for quantizing the extend of calcific deposits in the lumbar aorta, which should deliver reliable and easily reproducible data. The major problem is that non-calcified parts of the aorta are not visible on conventional x-ray images. We investigate whether or not it is possible to predict the location of the lumbar aorta, using the first four lumbar vertebrae as prior. We build a conditional probabilistic model from 90 manually annotated datasets. Using this model we made inferences on the position of the aortic walls given the position and shape of the four vertebrae. Of particular interest is the performance of the probabilistic model in comparison to the mean aortic shape. Due to the fact that our data set for this particular study only contained 90 hand-annotated images, we evaluated the model using the "leave-one-out" method. The resulting distance from the predicted to the actual aorta was then compared to the distance from the mean aorta to the actual aorta. The obtained results are encouraging; our conditional model provides results that are up to 38% better than the prediction using only the mean shape, and yields an overlap index of 0.89, whereas the mean shape only produces 0.83.
The role of the MHC in autoimmunity: an overview. (1992)

The basis for MHC associations with autoimmune diseases is still unknown; however, recent progress in the study of the MHC, its gene products and their functions suggests a number of possible mechanisms. These paradigms are described and their applicability to particular autoimmune diseases is considered.
Characterization of a Tetrahymena thermophila mutant strain unable to develop normal thermotolerance. (1986)

For Tetrahymena thermophila cells to survive extended periods of time at 43 degrees C, they must continuously synthesize heat shock proteins. For its translational machinery to function at 43 degrees C, T. thermophila requires either prior nonlethal heat shock treatment or brief treatment with partially inhibiting doses of cycloheximide or emetine. We have identified and characterized a mutant strain of T. thermophila (MC-3) in which prior nonlethal heat shock does not prevent protein synthesis inactivation at 43 degrees C. In addition, treatment of MC-3 cells with either of the antibiotics that normally confer 43 degrees C thermoprotection on wild-type cells elicited no similar thermoprotective response in these cells. Despite these phenotypic characteristics, by other criteria MC-3 synthesized a normal, functional array of heat shock proteins at 40 degrees C, a nonlethal heat shock protein-inducing temperature. The mutation in MC-3 which prevents the thermostabilization of protein synthesis by nonlethal heat shock is, by genetic criteria, most likely the same one which prevents the induction of thermotolerance by drug treatments. We present evidence that this mutation may affect some ribosome-associated functions.
Controlling VUV photon fluxes in pulsed inductively coupled Ar/Cl<sub>2</sub>plasmas and potential applications in plasma etching (2017)

UV/VUV photon fluxes in plasma materials processing have a variety of effects ranging from producing damage to stimulating synergistic reactions. Although in plasma etching processes, the rate and quality of the feature are typically controlled by the characteristics of the ion flux, to truly optimize these ion and photon driven processes, it is desirable to control the relative fluxes of ions and photons to the wafer. In prior works, it was determined that the ratio of VUV photon to ion fluxes to the substrate in low pressure inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) sustained in rare gases can be controlled by combinations of pressure and pulse power, while the spectrum of these VUV photons can be tuned by adding additional rare gases to the plasma. In this work, VUV photon and ion fluxes are computationally investigated for Ar/Cl2 ICPs as used in etching of silicon. We found that while the overall ratio of VUV photon flux to ion flux are controlled by pressure and pulse power, by varying the fraction of Cl2 in the mixture, both the ratio of VUV to ion fluxes and the spectrum of VUV photons can be tuned. It was also found that the intensity of VUV emission from Cl(3p 44s) can be independently tuned by controlling wall surface conditions. With this ability to control ratios of ion to photon fluxes, photon stimulated processes, as observed in halogen etching of Si, can be tuned to optimize the shape of the etched features.
Electrochemically Polymerized Terthiophene Derivatives Carrying Aromatic Substituents (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemically Polymerized Terthiophene Derivatives Carrying Aromatic SubstituentsCsaba Visy, Jukka Lukkari, and Jouko KankareCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 12, 3322–3329Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00090a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00090a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Immunotherapy of sepsis syndrome: a comparison of the available treatments. (1991)

Anti-endotoxin monoclonal antibodies benefit patients with gram-negative sepsis. They are proof of a concept, but are costly and do not show an overall intention-to-treat effect. There is an urgent need to accurately identify, clinically or by a cytokine profile, those patients who will specifically benefit.
An objective comparison of 3-D image interpolation methods (1998)

To aid in the display, manipulation, and analysis of biomedical image data, they usually need to he converted to data of isotropic discretization through the process of interpolation. Traditional techniques consist of direct interpolation of the grey values. When user interaction is called for in image segmentation, as a consequence of these interpolation methods, the user needs to segment a much greater (typically 4-10x) amount of data. To mitigate this problem, a method called shape-based interpolation of binary data was developed 121. Besides significantly reducing user time, this method has been shown to provide more accurate results than grey-level interpolation. We proposed an approach for the interpolation of grey data of arbitrary dimensionality that generalized the shape-based method from binary to grey data. This method has characteristics similar to those of the binary shape-based method. In particular, we showed preliminary evidence that it produced more accurate results than conventional grey-level interpolation methods. In this paper, concentrating on the three-dimensional (3-D) interpolation problem, we compare statistically the accuracy of eight different methods: nearest-neighbor, linear grey-level, grey-level cubic spline, grey-level modified cubic spline, Goshtasby et al., and three methods from the grey-level shape-based class. A population of patient magnetic resonance and computed tomography images, corresponding to different parts of the human anatomy, coming from different three-dimensional imaging applications, are utilized for comparison. Each slice in these data sets is estimated by each interpolation method and compared to the original slice at the same location using three measures: mean-squared difference, number of sites of disagreement, and largest difference. The methods are statistically compared pairwise based on these measures. The shape-based methods statistically significantly outperformed all other methods in all measures in all applications considered here with a statistical relevance ranging from 10% to 32% (mean = 15%) for mean-squared difference.
Frequency of spontaneous contractions in longitudinal and transverse bladder strips (1989)

The frequency components of spontaneous contractility of rabbit bladder strips were examined with respect to their orientation and position. Spectra of longitudinal and transverse strips of bladder were studied in vitro in consecutively dissected segments from the same bladder. The frequency characteristics of these strips were characterized at rest and also with incremental extension to 125% of original length. Results show that transverse and longitudinal strips of bladder muscle undergo continuous spontaneous contractions in the frequency range of 0.01-0.25 Hz. The amplitude of the spontaneous contractions is not dependent on the amount of resting tension in either longitudinal or transverse strips. Longitudinal strips have a higher frequency of spontaneous variations of tension compared with the transverse strips. The amplitude of transverse strips is lowest at the base of the bladder, and the frequency components of activity increases in magnitude toward the bladder dome. Extension of transverse strips shows the generation of frequency peaks of tissues located at the middle of the bladder having a significantly lower rate of relaxation than the proximal or distal strips. Spontaneous contractility of the bladder indicates the presence of a potentially significant parameter that must be considered when tissue response to mechanical, electrical, or pharmacological stimulation is interpreted.
NKT cells are phenotypically and functionally diverse (1999)

NK1.1(+)alpha betaTCR(+) (NKT) cells have several important roles including tumor rejection and prevention of autoimmune disease. Although both CD4(+) and CD4(-)CD8(-) double-negative (DN) subsets of NKT cells have been identified, they are usually described as one population. Here, we show that NKT cells are phenotypically, functionally and developmentally heterogeneous, and that three distinct subsets (CD4(+), DN and CD8(+)) are differentially distributed in a tissue-specific fashion. CD8(+) NKT cells are present in all tissues but the thymus, and are highly enriched for CD8alpha(+)beta(-) cells. These subsets differ in their expression of a range of cell surface molecules (Vbeta8, DX5, CD69, CD45RB, Ly6C) and in their ability to produce IL-4 and IFN-gamma, with splenic NKT cell subsets producing lower levels than thymic NKT cells. Developmentally, most CD4(+) and DN NKT cells are thymus dependent, in contrast to CD8(+) NKT cells, and are also present amongst recent thymic emigrants in spleen and liver. TCR Jalpha281-deficient mice show a dramatic deficiency in thymic NKT cells, whereas a significant NKT cell population (enriched for the DN and CD8(+) subsets) is still present in the periphery. Taken together, this study reveals a far greater level of complexity within the NKT cell population than previously recognized.
Rapid-transfer principles for transistor switching circuits (1961)

IN DIGITAL SYSTEMS series of binary elements are represented by continuous waveforms with inherent quantization in time and binary value. As waveforms are transmitted through logic circuits, quantization deteriorates; consequently, the waveforms must be requaeitized at intervals.
Analytical model for the daily energy input/output relationship for solar collector systems (1985)

Input/output regression lines are often used for presentation of solar-collector-array performance from different systems and climates. Usually, for well-performing solar-collector systems, a very linear relationship is experienced between daily solar irradiation H and daily energy collected Q in an input/output diagram. To explain and analyze the experimental curves, a model is developed based on conventional short-term collector theory.
Procathepsin D involvement in chemoresistance of cancer cells (2012)

We can conclude that overexpression of pCD has strong influence on increased resistance of tumor cells. This could, in fact, be an important contribution in the possible use of pCD level determination for prognostic and/or therapeutic purposes.
Visualization of Repair of Double-Strand Breaks in the Bacteriophage T7 Genome without Normal DNA Replication (2000)

An in vitro system based on extracts of Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T7 is able to repair double-strand breaks in a T7 genome with efficiencies of 20% or more. To achieve this high repair efficiency it is necessary that the reaction mixtures contain molecules of donor DNA that bracket the double-strand break. Gaps as long as 1,600 nucleotides are repaired almost as efficiently as simple double-strand breaks. DNA synthesis was measured while repair was taking place. It was found that the amount of DNA synthesis associated with repair of a double-strand break was below the level of detection possible with this system. Furthermore, repair efficiencies were the same with or without normal levels of T7 DNA polymerase. However, the repair required the 5'-->3' exonuclease encoded by T7 gene 6. The high efficiency of DNA repair allowed visualization of the repaired product after in vitro repair, thereby assuring that the repair took place in vitro rather than during an in vivo growth step after packaging.
Early MRI and outcomes of untreated patients with mild or improving ischemic stroke (2006)

A novel <sup>18</sup>F-labeled tracer, LMI1195 (<i>N</i>-[3-bromo-4-(3-<sup>18</sup>F-fluoro-propoxy)-benzyl]-guanidine), is being developed for sympathetic nerve imaging; its high specificity for neural uptake-1 mechanism has previously been demonstrated in cell associative studies and in rabbit and nonhuman primate studies assessing heart uptake. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms of <sup>18</sup>F-LMI1195 cardiac uptake in the rat, which is known to contain norepinephrine uptake mechanisms beyond uptake-1. <b>Methods:</b> Tracer accumulation in the heart was studied over time after intravenous administration of <sup>18</sup>F-LMI1195 in healthy male Wistar rats by quantitative in vivo PET imaging. The uptake mechanism was assessed by pretreatment with the nonselective norepinephrine uptake-1 and norepinephrine uptake-2 inhibitor phenoxybenzamine (50 mg/kg intravenously; <i>n</i> = 4), the selective norepinephrine uptake-1 inhibitor desipramine (2 mg/kg intravenously; <i>n</i> = 4), or saline control (intravenously; <i>n</i> = 4). <b>Results:</b><sup>18</sup>F-LMI1195 produced high and sustained heart uptake allowing clear delineation of the left ventricular wall over 60 min after tracer administration. Pretreatment with phenoxybenzamine markedly reduced the <sup>18</sup>F-LMI1195 cardiac uptake when compared with controls. In contrast, there was preserved <sup>18</sup>F-LMI1195 uptake after desipramine pretreatment. <b>Conclusion:</b> In rats, cardiac uptake of <sup>18</sup>F-LMI1195 was significantly inhibited by phenoxybenzamine but not desipramine, suggesting <sup>18</sup>F-LMI1195 is a substrate for the uptake-2 mechanism and is consistent with the rat heart having a dominant level of the mechanism.
Coupling of Enzymes to Polyacrylonitrile (1976)

Commercial polyacrylonitrile was converted to the imidoester derivative and its capacity, degree of substitution and storage stability were tested. Urease, glucose oxidase and lactate dehydrogenase were coupled to the activated polymer by an amidino linkage. Some properties of the immobilized enzymes were studied and compared with those of the free enzymes.
Holodomor, Famine in Ukraine 1932-1933: A Crime against Humanity or Genocide? (2010)

Famines in the main are man-made and not merely caused by the occurrences of food shortages, due to natural disasters. This article discusses the theories of famine in relation to food entitlement and adverse government policy. In the first part the focus is on the introduction of theories of famine, where it is examined in what way the entitlement and distribution of food, rather than food shortage, is often the underlying cause for famines. Famines are strongly enmeshed in either direct or indirect political decisions. Consequently, political systems have often intentionally created famine conditions and used starvation as a mechanism of repression. This fact makes these government officials some of history’s worst criminals. In the second part, this article examines the case of Holodomor in Ukraine in 1932-33 and illustrates that not only political economy and forced collectivisation, but the intentional faminogenic behaviour of Stalin and a small group of his government officials, caused devastating starvation and the deaths of millions of people. This case moves the study of famine into the field of international law, in which Ukraine’s quest for UN recognition of Holodomor not only as a crime against humanity, but also as genocide, could be regarded as justified.
Implicit nonlinear complementarity: A new approach to contact dynamics (2010)

Contact dynamics are commonly formulated as a linear complementarity problem. While this approach is superior to earlier spring-damper models, it can be inaccurate due to pyramid approximations to the friction cone, and inefficient due to lack of convexity coupled with a large number of auxiliary variables. Here we propose a new approach: implicit complementarity. Instead of treating contact velocities and forces as independent variables subject to explicit complementarity constraints, we express them as functions of a minimal set of unconstrained variables, and design these functions so that the complementarity constraints are automatically satisfied. We then solve the equations of motion via a non-smooth Gauss-Newton method augmented with an original linesearch procedure which exploits the problem structure. This enables us to represent the friction cone exactly and to reduce the number of unknowns by about a factor of 3. Numerical tests suggest that, in usage scenarios typical for robotics, the solver takes only about 5 iterations even without warm starts. More extensive tests and side-by-side comparisons remain to be done, but nevertheless the potential of the new approach is clear.
논문 : 가정용 온도계 , 습도계 개발에 관한 연구 - " S " 계기의 가정용 온도계 , 습도계의 디자인 개발을 중심으로 - (1998)

총성 없는 전쟁이라고 하는 시장경제 체제에서 새로운 제품을 디자인한다는 것은 기존 상품의 대체를 위한 소극적인 행동이 아니라 적극적이고 능동적인 새로운 시장환경의 창출이며 현 경쟁사회에서 너무도 자연스러운 생존전략인 것이다.
가정용 온도계를 제조 판매하는 S기계의 제품개발 의뢰에 대해 현재 온도계시장의 형성과 문제점을 파악하고 업체의 Needs를 수용하여 기존의 제품과는 차별화된 디자인 개발 결과에 대해 발표하고자 한다.
Esophageal Obstruction with a Dietary Fiber Product Designed for Weight Reduction (1990)

Supplements consisting primarily of dietary fibers are marketed as aids to weight reduction. Of uncertain efficacy, they have generally been regarded as safe when used according to directions. We report two cases of acute esophageal obstruction by a guar gum product in patients with preexisting esophageal abnormalities and review similar reports from other centers.