gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Speed Control Law for Precision Terminal Area In-Trail Self Spacing (2002)

This document describes a speed control law for precision in-trail airborne self-spacing during final approach. This control law was designed to provide an operationally viable means to obtain a desired runway threshold crossing time or minimum distance, one aircraft relative to another. The control law compensates for dissimilar final approach speeds between aircraft pairs and provides guidance for a stable final approach. This algorithm has been extensively tested in Monte Carlo simulation and has been evaluated in piloted simulation, with preliminary results indicating acceptability from operational and workload standpoints.
Modeling the Downhole Choking's Impacts on Well Flow Performance and Production Fluid Allocations of a Multiple-Zone Intelligent Well System (2008)

Abstract The intelligent well system (IWS) is normally operated with multiple-zone production/injection in the commingled condition, which makes it difficult to predict the effect of IWS operations on well flow performance and zonal deliverability. This is because: 1) The production string, downhole control equipment and isolation tools separate production fluids into different flow paths (tubular/annulus), and the different flow paths have different resistance to each zone's outflow; 2) the reservoir and fluid properties of individual zones are normally different, and these varying properties will cross-impact the outflow of each other's zones when fluids are commingled; 3) downhole choking operations will impact the wellbore pressure profile, thus impacting the production profile from each zone; and 4) Simulate the fluid temperature profile and the effect on pressure and flow profile for the IWS completion is a complex task. The current published works have not covered the whole spectrum. To address this situation, an analysis tool has been developed, combining the developed comprehensive thermal model with integrated inflow performance relationship (IPR) technology and innovative operation point searching algorithm. For any downhole choking operation scenario, the flow allocations and profiles of wellbore pressure, temperature and fluid velocity can be predicted. This provides the operators insight into how to choke the downhole valves to meet the production enhancement target. It also gives an insight of how we customized the design of the downhole valve settings to achieve the production objectives. In addition, the threshold pressure at commingle point to control crossflow can be predicted through this technology, which provides potential ability to control/monitor possible crossflow of multiple-zone production through the intelligent well monitoring and control system. For demonstration purpose, a potential case study of a typical deep-water two-zone IWS was used for analysis. Model verifications were provided by comparison with the third-party software. Analysis and comments of the comparison have been provided.
Failure of initial 24-hour esophageal pH monitoring to predict refractoriness and intractability in reflux esophagitis. (1991)

Prolonged esophageal pH monitoring is considered to be the most sensitive and specific test for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). However, the role of pH monitoring in predicting the clinical and endoscopic response of reflux esophagitis is not well defined. In this study, 106 patients with moderate to severe symptoms of GERD and esophagitis (grades 0-IV) by endoscopy were initially studied by ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring, and their clinical response to standard H2 antagonist therapy was monitored at 8 wk. Refractory patients were defined as those who failed to heal and/or had intractable reflux symptoms after 8 wk of H2 antagonist therapy, and who required continuous therapy with higher doses of H2 antagonists, addition of prokinetic agents, or omeprazole. There was a positive correlation (r = 0.89) between endoscopic severity of esophagitis upon entry into the study and refractoriness to standard medical therapy. However, there were no differences in the various pH parameters analyzed between the 58 patients who responded and the 48 patients who were refractory to medical therapy, regardless of the endoscopic grading of their esophagitis. We conclude that 24-h ambulatory esophageal pH monitoring does not predict refractoriness of reflux esophagitis to standard therapy. The decision for more aggressive methods of treatment probably requires assessment of symptomatic and endoscopic response after 8 week standard H2 antagonist therapy.
Perovskite solar cells: film formation and properties (2015)

Perovskite solar cells have received considerable attention in recent years as a promising material capable of developing high performance photovoltaic devices at a low cost.
Distribution of Networks Generating and Coordinating Locomotor Activity in the Neonatal Rat Spinal Cord<b><i>In Vitro</i></b>: A Lesion Study (1996)

The isolated spinal cord of the newborn rat contains networks that are able to create a patterned motor output resembling normal locomotor movements. In this study, we sought to localize the regions of primary importance for rhythm and pattern generation using specific mechanical lesions. We used ventral root recordings to monitor neuronal activity and tested the ability of various isolated parts of the caudal thoraciclumbar cord to generate rhythmic bursting in a combination of 5-HT and NMDA. In addition, pathways mediating left/right and rostrocaudal burst alternation were localized. We found that the isolated ventral third of the spinal cord can generate normally coordinated rhythmic activity, whereas lateral fragments resulting from sagittal sections showed little or no rhythmogenic capability compared with intact control preparations. The ability to generate fast and regular rhythmic activity decreased in the caudal direction, but the rhythm-generating network was found to be distributed over the entire lumbar region and to extend into the caudal thoracic region. The pathways mediating left/ right alternation exist primarily in the ventral commissure. As with the rhythmogenic ability, these pathways were distributed along the lumbar enlargement. Both lateral and ventral funiculi were sufficient to coordinate activity in the rostral and caudal regions. We conclude that the networks organizing locomotor-related activity in the spinal cord of the newborn rat are distributed.
VEHICLE SIZE AND ACCIDENT INVOLVEMENT: A PRELIMINARY STUDY (1973)

A pilot study of the relationship between vehicle size and accident involvement was conducted, using a sample of nearly 9,000 registered owners of selected subcompact, compact, and full size cars in California. This sample was obtained through responses to a mailed questionnaire, and the information collected included personal data, vehicle usage data, and accident experience of the vehicle being surveyed. Study results suggest that there is no systematic relationship between vehicle size and frequency of accident involvement, when the known effects of age and quantitative exposure to risk are controlled for. Marked differences in response rate among owners of the different vehicle makes suggests that the results must be regarded as tentative pending detailed comparison of the respondent sample with the nonrespondents for each make. An outline is proposed for a full-scale study to provide definitive information in this area.
Requirements for Improved Battery Design and Performance (1990)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Smaller, hotter engine compartments, increased electrical loads, and stringent customer requirements place ever increasing demands on automotive battery performance. Current battery designs and shortcomings are discussed as well as the necessity for improved designs. Topics also include temperature effects, state of charge, charge efficiency, customer usage and requirements, battery age, and dealership handling practices. Present SAE test procedures are reviewed and new rating requirements are suggested to meet today's vehicle applications. Special dealership programs also reveal various methods to improve performance. In addition, power and thermal management for tomorrow's vehicles is discussed.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The supporting documents are compiled from various studies conducted between 1984 and 1988 encompassing over 5,000,000 Chrysler vehicles. The data reflects direct comparisons from the field on a warm versus cold climate basis. Additional information on driving patterns and vehicle usage is also presented.</div>
APB: An Adaptive Playback Buffer Scheme for Wireless Streaming Media (2005)

The wireless streaming media communications are fragile to the delay jitter because the conditions and requirements vary frequently with the users' mobility. Buffering is a typical way to reduce the delay jitter of media packets before the playback, however, it will incur a longer end-to-end delay. Our motivation in this paper is to improve the balance between the elimination of delay jitter and the decrease of end-to-end delay. We propose a novel adaptive playback buffer (APB) based on the probing scheme. By utilizing the probing scheme, the instantaneous network situations are collected, and then the delay margin and the delay jitter margin are employed to calculate the step length (sl) which is used to adjust the playback buffer in each time. The adaptive adjustment to the playback buffer in APB enables the continuous and real-time representation of streaming media at the receiver. Unlike the previous studies, the novelty and contributions of the paper are: a) Accuracy: by employing the instantaneous network information, the adjustment to the playback buffer correctly reflects the current network situations and therefore achieves the improved balance between the elimination of delay jitter and the decrease of end-to-end delay; Hence. APB adjustment is accurate in terms of improving such balance; b) Efficiency: by utilizing the simple probing scheme, APB achieves the current network situations without the complex mathematic predictions, which enables the adjustment to be more timely and efficient. Performance data obtained through extensive simulations show that our APB is effective to reduce both delay jitter and playback buffer delay.
ICER 2013 conference report (2013)

This year ICER was held at the University of California, San Diego in its new 2.5 day format, running from the 12th to the 14th of August with the Doctoral Consortium held on the 11th. Paper submissions were a new record for ICER with 68 submissions. The Program Committee accepted 22 papers, 17 research papers and 5 discussion papers, a 31% acceptance rate. There were also 12 doctoral consortium presentations ably led by Jonas Boudstedt and Allison Elliot Tew and a series of lightning talks organized by Brian Dorn and chaired by Alison Clear. The keynote speaker for this conference was Scott Klemmer from UC San Diego, who spoke about "Design at Large" and how his work on design can be applied to CS education.
Modeling Indoor Air Exposure from Short-Term Point Source Releases (1996)

Abstract We have developed a simplified analytical indoor air model that describes the concentrations as a function of position and time in a room following a short-term release of airborne particles or gases. The indoor dispersion model considers the two main physical processes of (1) point-source dispersion with reflection from all walls and (2) the general concentration decay in a room due to room ventilation and surface deposition of pollutants. Comparison of model predictions with experimental indoor measurements conducted by other researchers showed excellent agreement. This model should prove useful for human-health risk estimations in which the inhalation dose resulting from an indoor, short-term release of a contaminant needs to be calculated.
FGF2-Targeted Adenovirus Encoding Platelet-Derived Growth Factor-B Enhances de Novo Tissue Formation (2000)

Gene therapy has yet to achieve reproducible clinical efficacy, due to inadequate gene delivery, inadequate gene expression, or dose-limiting toxicity. We have developed a gene therapy technology for tissue repair and regeneration that employs a structural matrix for DNA delivery. The matrix holds the DNA vector at the treatment site and provides a scaffolding for in-growth and accumulation of repair cells and efficient DNA transfection. We now report, for the first time, matrix-mediated delivery of targeted DNA vectors for soft tissue repair. A collagen matrix was used to deliver an adenoviral vector encoding platelet-derived growth factor-B (AdPDGF-B), resulting in efficient transgene expression in vitro and in vivo. Increases in the overall levels of expression and in the relative amounts of secreted PDGF-BB were achieved when AdPDGF-B was conjugated to fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) such that the virus was targeted for cellular uptake via FGF receptors. Matrix-mediated delivery of AdPDGF-B enhanced wound healing responses in vivo, and FGF2 targeting generated effects comparable to nontargeted vectors at significantly lower doses. Therefore, matrix-mediated delivery in combination with FGF2 targeting overcomes some of the safety and efficacy limitations of current gene therapy strategies and is an attractive therapeutic approach for tissue repair and regeneration.
The strength of surgical repairs of the rotator cuff. A biomechanical study on cadavers (1992)

Using 26 cadaver shoulders, we produced a standard defect in the supraspinatus tendon and performed one of three types of repair. Their strength was found by testing in tension the force required to produce a gap of 3 mm, then 6 mm, and finally total disruption of the repair. The use of a polyethylene patch to spread the forces over the lateral bone surface and of extra sutures to grasp the tendon end raised by 2.6 times the load at which a 3 mm gap in the repair occurred and by 1.7 times the load to failure.
Carrier injection enhancement effect of high voltage MOS devices-device physics and design concept (2002)

IEGTs are one of the promising candidates for replacing GTOs in high voltage applications in 4.5 kV range. The injection enhancement effect of IEGT structure with the deep trench MOS gate and/or the wide cell design successfully reduces the voltage drop in the N-base. In this paper, we discuss the device physics and design concept of the injection enhancement effect for not only the trench structure but also the planar structure.
Emission optics of the Steigerwald-type electron gun (1999)

The emission properties of a Steigerwald-type electron gun are reexamined. Several optical parameters were experimentally determined, and they indicate that the original telefocus mechanism proposed by Steigerwald in 1949 needs to be revised. “Remote focusing” is found to be nonexistent in most of the telefocus electron guns deployed in high-energy electron scattering experiments. Instead, almost parallel beams with variable beam diameters were found. The physical mechanism responsible for producing a very narrow, monochromatic, and highly collimated beam without limiting apertures is explained in this article with supporting evidences from measurements. We think the new emission model proposed here can help new types of electron or ion gun designs and applications using electron gun in electron optical systems.
IMMUNOGLOBULIN SYNTHESIS AND ITS INDUCTION IN B-LYMPHOID CELLS (1975)

Several aspects of synthesis and assembly of Ig molecules in small lymphocytes and in differentiated plasma cells are summarized. Some attempt has been made to analyse at the molecular level what happens on conversion of a lymphocyte to a mature cell secreting high levels of Ig. For this study LPS activation of murine B-lymphocytes into division and maturation served as a model system. A rapid rate of mitosis and high rate of H-mRNA synthesis appeared to precede the high levels of Ig production, suggesting a translational block on H-mRNA until the cell had organized its endoplasmic reticulum and matured. In vivo, with the exception of T-independent antigens, it is unlikely that B-cell maturationis an automatic sequel to division stimuli. We are largely ignorant in this area but possible regulatory signals which achieve a dissociation of B-cell division and maturation are discussed.
Parallel resonant DC link circuit-a novel zero switching loss topology with minimum voltage stresses (1991)

A parallel resonant DC link (PRDCL) circuit topology is proposed as an approach to realizing zero switching loss DC-AC high switching frequency power conversion. The proposed circuit is used as an interface between the DC voltage supply and a voltage source pulse width modulated (PWM) inverter to provide a short zero voltage period in the DC link of the inverter to allow zero voltage switchings to take place in the PWM inverter. The peak voltage stress on the PWM inverter switches is limited to the DC supply voltage. Another significant advantage of the circuit is that the inverter can be controlled by the conventional PWM strategy. The proposed circuit is systematically analyzed and its operation principle is explained. Design considerations and design formulas are presented. A complete zero voltage switching DC-AC system consisting of the proposed circuit and a PWM inverter was simulated on a computer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Increased levels of threonyl-tRNA synthetase in a borrelidin-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cell line. (1981)

The growth of Chinese hamster ovary cells in medium containing reduced concentrations of threonine is inhibited by borrelidin, a macrolide antibiotic. Borrelidin-resistant clones have been isolated after ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. One clone, 1C-1, has a 3-fold increased level of threonyl-tRNA synthetase [L-threonine:tRNAThr ligase (AMP-forming), EC 6.1.1.3] as determined by both activity measurements and antiserum titrations. The levels of four other aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases and of tRNAThr are the same in strain 1C-1 and in the wild-type parent. The phenotype of increased threonyl-tRNA synthetase activity is recessive to wild type in cell hybrids.
Overview of DNA Microarrays: Types, Applications, and Their Future (2013)

This unit provides an overview of DNA microarrays. Microarrays are a technology in which thousands of nucleic acids are bound to a surface and are used to measure the relative concentration of nucleic acid sequences in a mixture via hybridization and subsequent detection of the hybridization events. This overview first discusses the history of microarrays and the antecedent technologies that led to their development. This is followed by discussion of the methods of manufacture of microarrays and the most common biological applications. The unit ends with a brief description of the limitations of microarrays and discusses how microarrays are being rapidly replaced by DNA sequencing technologies.
A comparison of the lasso and marginal regression (2012)

The lasso is an important method for sparse, high-dimensional regression problems, with efficient algorithms available, a long history of practical success, and a large body of theoretical results supporting and explaining its performance. But even with the best available algorithms, finding the lasso solutions remains a computationally challenging task in cases where the number of covariates vastly exceeds the number of data points.

Marginal regression, where each dependent variable is regressed separately on each covariate, offers a promising alternative in this case because the estimates can be computed roughly two orders faster than the lasso solutions. The question that remains is how the statistical performance of the method compares to that of the lasso in these cases.

In this paper, we study the relative statistical performance of the lasso and marginal regression for sparse, high-dimensional regression problems. We consider the problem of learning which coefficients are non-zero. Our main results are as follows: (i) we compare the conditions under which the lasso and marginal regression guarantee exact recovery in the fixed design, noise free case; (ii) we establish conditions under which marginal regression provides exact recovery with high probability in the fixed design, noise free, random coefficients case; and (iii) we derive rates of convergence for both procedures, where performance is measured by the number of coefficients with incorrect sign, and characterize the regions in the parameter space recovery is and is not possible under this metric.

In light of the computational advantages of marginal regression in very high dimensional problems, our theoretical and simulations results suggest that the procedure merits further study.
Serum concentration of zinc, copper, manganese and magnesium in patients with liver cirrhosis. (2006)

The role of trace elements in the pathogenesis of liver cirrhosis and its complications is still not clearly understood. Serum concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese and magnesium were determined in 105 patients with alcoholic liver cirrhosis and 50 healthy subjects by means of plasma sequential spectrophotometer. Serum concentrations of zinc were significantly lower (median 0.82 vs. 11.22 micromol/L, p < 0.001) in patients with liver cirrhosis in comparison to controls. Serum concentrations of copper were significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis (median 21.56 vs. 13.09 micromol/L, p < 0.001) as well as manganese (2.50 vs. 0.02 micromol/L, p < 0.001). The concentration of magnesium was not significantly different between patients with liver cirrhosis and controls (0.94 vs. 0.88 mmol/L, p = 0.132). There were no differences in the concentrations of zinc, copper, manganese and magnesium between male and female patients with liver cirrhosis. Only manganese concentration was significantly different between Child-Pugh groups (p = 0.036). Zinc concentration was significantly lower in patients with hepatic encephalopathy in comparison to cirrhotic patients without encephalopathy (0.54 vs. 0.96 micromol/L, p = 0.002). The correction of trace elements concentrations might have a beneficial effect on complications and maybe progression of liver cirrhosis. It would be recommendable to provide analysis of trace elements as a routine.
Correction: Drug-Associated Adverse Events and Their Relationship with Outcomes in Patients Receiving Treatment for Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa (2013)

Background: Treatment-related outcomes in patients with extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) are poor. However, data about the type, frequency and severity of presumed drug-associated adverse events (AEs) and their association with treatment-related outcomes in patients with XDR-TB are scarce.
The novel cloud application technology with virtual platform (2018)

Virtualization technology of cloud application service is the major research issue in recent years. Our virtual platform can obtain a lot of advantages base on virtualization technology with suitable virtual machine solution that all system resources can deployed quickly and managed competently, and it has some features including the high capacity for reliability, elasticity and customization. In our virtual platform, there are many different application services are provided for cloud service style. For system computing resources, we need to share all of system and software resources using the virtualization technology is presented in related sections, and we proposed virtual and remote application technology to implement innovative, convenient and powerful cloud application service base on virtual platform. For users of our platform, they can easy to use any software and tools on demand with pay per use mode anytime, and they do not have specialized knowledge and ability of install and maintenance.