gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyloxy)-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboximide, a Reagent for the Regioselective Introduction of the tert-Butoxycarbonyl (BOC) Protective Group at Unhindered Amines: Application to Amino glycoside Chemistry (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTN-(tert-Butoxycarbonyloxy)-5-norbornene-endo-2,3-dicarboximide, a Reagent for the Regioselective Introduction of the tert-Butoxycarbonyl (BOC) Protective Group at Unhindered Amines: Application to Amino glycoside ChemistryIoannis Grapsas, Young June Cho, and Shahriar MobasheryCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 7, 1918–1922Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00086a055https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00086a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views684Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Comparative genomic analysis uncovers 3 novel loci encoding type six secretion systems differentially distributed in Salmonella serotypes (2009)

Altogether, our data suggest that (i) the Salmonella T6SS loci were acquired by independent lateral transfer events and (ii) evolved to contribute in the adaptation of the serotypes to different lifestyles and environments, including animal hosts. Notably, the presence of an evolved VgrG protein related to pyocins suggests a novel role for T6SS in bacterial killing. Future studies on the roles of the identified T6SS loci will expand our knowledge on Salmonella pathogenesis and host specificity.
A static mapping heuristics to map parallel applications to heterogeneous computing systems (2005)

In order to minimize the execution time of a parallel application running on a heterogeneously distributed computing system, an appropriate mapping scheme is needed to allocate the application tasks to the processors. The general problem of mapping tasks to machines is a well-known NP-hard problem and several heuristics have been proposed to approximate its optimal solution. In this paper we propose a static graph-based mapping algorithm, called Heterogeneous Multi-phase Mapping (HMM), which permits suboptimal mapping of a parallel application onto a heterogeneous computing distributed system by using a local search technique together with a tabu search meta-heuristic. HMM allocates parallel tasks by exploiting the information embedded in the parallelism forms used to implement an application, and considering an affinity parameter, that identifies which machine in the heterogeneous computing system is most suitable to execute a task. We compare HMM with some leading techniques and with an exhaustive mapping algorithm. We also give an example of mapping of two real applications using HMM. Experimental results show that HMM performs well demonstrating the applicability of our approach. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Requirements Validation via Automated Natural Language Parsing (1995)

:Object-oriented analysis (OOA) has become a popular method for analyzing system requirements. Unfortunately, however, none of die current versions of OOA has included a validation technique tailored to the object-oriented approach. Most, instead, merely recommend document reviews without specifying the kinds of problems to look for. This paper explores the question by applying a natural language parser to a requirements document, extracting candidate objects, methods, and associations, composing them into an object model diagram, and then comparing the results with those determined by manual OOA. To do this, we have adapted an automated natural language parser and used it to examine several high-level system descriptions. The results indicate that, with a modest amount of effort, the technique can give valuable feedback to the analyst.
The Use of Autologous Concentrated Growth Factors to Promote Syndesmosis Fusion in the Agility Total Ankle Replacement. A Preliminary Study (2005)

Autologous concentrated growth factors appear to make a significant positive difference in the syndesmosis union rate in total ankle replacements.
Kinetic Analysis of Nanostructures Formed by Enzyme-Instructed Intracellular Assemblies against Cancer Cells (2018)

Recent studies have demonstrated that enzyme-instructed self-assembly (EISA) in extra- or intracellular environments can serve as a multistep process for controlling cell fate. There is little knowledge, however, about the kinetics of EISA in the complex environments in or around cells. Here, we design and synthesize three dipeptidic precursors (ld-1-SO<sub>3</sub>, dl-1-SO<sub>3</sub>, dd-1-SO<sub>3</sub>), consisting of diphenylalanine (l-Phe-d-Phe, d-Phe-l-Phe, d-Phe-d-Phe, respectively) as the backbone, which are capped by 2-(naphthalen-2-yl)acetic acid at the N-terminal and by 2-(4-(2-aminoethoxy)-4-oxobutanamido)ethane-1-sulfonic acid at the C-terminal. On hydrolysis by carboxylesterases (CES), these precursors result in hydrogelators, which self-assemble in water at different rates. Whereas all three precursors selectively kill cancer cells, especially high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma cells, by undergoing intracellular EISA, dl-1-SO<sub>3</sub> and dd-1-SO<sub>3</sub> exhibit the lowest and the highest activities, respectively, against the cancer cells. This trend inversely correlates with the rates of converting the precursors to the hydrogelators in phosphate-buffered saline. Because CES exists both extra- and intracellularly, we use kinetic modeling to analyze the kinetics of EISA inside cells and to calculate the cytotoxicity of each precursor for killing cancer cells. Our results indicate that (i) the stereochemistry of the precursors affects the morphology of the nanostructures formed by the hydrogelators, as well as the rate of enzymatic conversion; (ii) decreased extracellular hydrolysis of precursors favors intracellular EISA inside the cells; (iii) the inherent features ( e.g., self-assembling ability and morphology) of the EISA molecules largely dictate the cytotoxicity of intracellular EISA. As the kinetic analysis of intracellular EISA, this work elucidates how the stereochemistry modulates EISA in the complex extra- and/or intracellular environment for developing anticancer molecular processes. Moreover, it provides insights for understanding the kinetics and cytotoxicity of aggregates of aberrant proteins or peptides formed inside and outside cells.
Effect of inoculum density on susceptibility of Plesiomonas shigelloides to cephalosporins (2004)

The reported resistance of P. shigelloides to cephalosporins at higher cell densities is not due to an inoculum-dependent regulation of beta-lactamases, but can be explained by the formation of extensive filaments.
New Combined Model for the Prediction of Regioselectivity in Cytochrome P450/3A4 Mediated Metabolism (2008)

Cytochrome P450 3A4 metabolizes nearly 50% of the drugs currently in clinical use with a broad range of substrate specificity. Early prediction of metabolites of xenobiotic compounds is crucial for cost efficient drug discovery and development. We developed a new combined model, MLite, for the prediction of regioselectivity in the cytochrome P450 3A4 mediated metabolism. In the model, the ensemble catalyticphore- based docking method was implemented for the accessibility prediction, and the activation energy estimation method of Korzekwa et al. was used for the reactivity prediction. Four major metabolic reactions, aliphatic hydroxylation, N-dealkylation, O-dealkylation, and aromatic hydroxylation reaction, were included and the reaction data, metabolite information, were collected for 72 well-known substrates. The 47 drug molecules were used as the training set, and the 25 well-known substrates were used as the test set for the ensemble catalyticphore-based docking method. MLite predicted correctly about 76% of the first two sites in the ranking list of the test set. This predictability is comparable with that of another combined model, MetaSite, and the recently published QSAR model proposed by Sheridan et al. MLite also offers information about binding configurations of the substrate-enzyme complex. This may be useful in drug modification by the structure-based drug design.
Volume rendering for 3-D echocardiography visualization (2002)

Volume rendering techniques are particularly useful for the visualization of echographic data which appear noisy, irregular and fuzzy. Data were acquired by means of an annular transducer which rotates around its axis with increments of 3.6 degrees allowing the acquisition of 50 ECG-gated 2-D echography images. The 2-D images acquired in polar coordinates were remapped over a cartesian grid to produce a cube of data. A transfer function that allows the mapping of the 3-D echo data into colour and opacity visual parameters to enhance the regions of interest has been considered. A suitable shading algorithm allows the data to be viewed 3-dimensionally by means of a simple illumination technique. The final 2-D image is obtained by means of a back to front ray casting algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Yield analysis methodology for low defectivity wafer fabs (2002)

It is well known that the yield of an integrated circuit can be modeled based on random defect density. In state-of-the-art wafer fabs, continuous defect reduction is a high engineering priority, and as a result they indeed achieve entitlement values for the defect density, as determined by the design rules, equipment set, and their facility characteristics. Even if a wafer fab achieves its entitlement defect density, a comprehensive yield analysis methodology is still required not only to identify any yield excursions, but also to continually find ways for further yield improvements. Whereas in a wafer fab with defect density above its entitlement value, the yield analysis methodology can easily be focussed on defect density reduction alone, in the low defectivity wafer fabs different approach needs to be adopted. In this paper we discuss yield analysis methodologies appropriate for low defectivity wafer fabs.
Heterologous expression of an engineered biosynthetic pathway: functional dissection of type II polyketide synthase components in Streptomyces species (1995)

Polyketides are an extensive class of secondary metabolites with diverse molecular structures and biological activities. A plasmid-based multicomponent polyketide synthase expression cassette was constructed using a subset of actinorhodin (act) biosynthetic genes (actI-orf1, actI-orf2, actI-orf3, actIII, actVII, and actIV) from Streptomyces coelicolor which specify the construction of the anthraquinone product aloesaponarin II, a molecule derived from acetyl coenzyme A and 7 malonyl coenzyme A extender units. This system was designed as an indicator pathway in Streptomyces parvulus to quantify polyketide product formation and to examine the functional significance of specific polyketide synthase components, including the act beta-ketoacyl synthase (beta-KS; encoded by actI-orf1 and actI-orf2) and the act cyclase/dehydrase (encoded by actVII-orf4). Site-directed mutagenesis of the putative active site Cys (to a Gln) in the actI-orf1 beta-KS product completely abrogated aloesaponarin II production. Changing the putative acyltransferase active-site Ser (to a Leu) located in the actI-orf1 beta-KS product led to significantly reduced but continued production of aloesaponarin II. Replacement of the expression cassette with one containing a mutant form of actI-orf2 gave no production of aloesaponarin II or any other detectable polyketide products. However, an expression cassette containing a mutant form of actVII-orf4 gave primarily mutactin with low-level production of aloesaponarin II.
Gastrointestinal bleeding due to whipworm (Trichuris trichiura) infestation: a case report. (1995)

Severe whipworm infestation, an exceedingly uncommon cause of gastrointestinal bleeding, has not been reported in Taiwan. The reported case concerns a 59-year-old female who had suffered from abdominal pain and passage of tarry stool for several days. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy was performed, and several roundworms were seen in the second portion of duodenum. After removal, the characteristic appearance of Trichuris trichiura was apparent. After exploratory laparotomy for intractable bloody stool, the result of operative findings and pathological reports also confirmed our diagnosis. This is a case presented of massive gastrointestinal bleeding in which the cause of bleeding was diagnosed before operation to be whipworm infestation by endoscopic examination. The clinical and pathologic characteristics of the trichuriasis are described, with a brief review and discussion.
Hierarchical segmentation using latent semantic indexing in scale space (2002)

This paper describes a new algorithm which discovers the hierarchical organization of a document or media presentation. We use latent semantic indexing to describe the semantic content of the signal, and scale-space segmentation to describe its features at many different scales. We present results from a text document and a video transcript.
Context management and its applications to distributed transactions (2002)

An emerging paradigm that handles multiple locii of control in a system allows multiple program threads to work on the same task, each thread to work on a different task, or a thread to work on multiple tasks for greater design flexibility or due to system constraints such as real-time demands and a high load on tasking. We use the definition of context to capture the notion of logical locus of control. The context of the work being currently executed must be identifiable uniquely by the application, the Resource Managers and the Transaction Manager because each context represents different work. In this paper we define context management by defining a local Context Manager and its user interface. We then show why the notion of context is required to solve the problems that arise in local and distributed transaction processing due to the emerging paradigm. We present solutions to these problems in transaction processing using the proposed context management.
Visually Induced Reorientation Illusions (2001)

It is known that rotation of a furnished room around the roll axis of erect subjects produces an illusion of 360 degrees self-rotation in many subjects. Exposure of erect subjects to stationary tilted visual frames or rooms produces only up to 20 degrees of illusory tilt. But, in studies using static tilted rooms, subjects remained erect and the body axis was not aligned with the room. We have revealed a new class of disorientation illusions that occur in many subjects when placed in a 90 degrees or 180 degrees tilted room containing polarised objects (familiar objects with tops and bottoms). For example, supine subjects looking up at a wall of the room feel upright in an upright room and their arms feel weightless when held out from the body. We call this the levitation illusion. We measured the incidence of 90 degrees or 180 degrees reorientation illusions in erect, supine, recumbent, and inverted subjects in a room tilted 90 degrees or 180 degrees. We report that reorientation illusions depend on the displacement of the visual scene rather than of the body. However, illusions are most likely to occur when the visual and body axes are congruent. When the axes are congruent, illusions are least likely to occur when subjects are prone rather than supine, recumbent, or inverted.
Potential Resistance in Zoysiagrasses to Tawny Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae) (1994)

S. K. Braman, A. F. Pendley, R. N. Carrow, M. C. Engelke, Potential Resistance in Zoysiagrasses to Tawny Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae), The Florida Entomologist, Vol. 77, No. 3 (Sep., 1994), pp. 301-305
Motility of cultured fish epidermal cells in the presence and absence of direct current electric fields. (1986)

The motile behavior and cytoskeletal structures of fish epidermal cells (keratocytes) in the presence and absence of direct current (DC) electric fields were examined. These cells spontaneously show highly directional locomotion in culture, migrating at rates of up to 1 micron/s. When DC electric fields between 0.5 and 15 V/cm are applied, single epidermal cells as well as cell clusters and cell sheets migrate towards the cathode. Cell clusters and sheets break apart into single migratory cells in the upper range of these field strengths. Cell shape and morphology are unaltered when the keratocytes are guided by an electric field. Neither the spontaneous locomotion nor the electrically guided motility were found to be microtubule dependent. 1 mM La3+, 10 mM Co2+, 50 microM verapamil, and 50 microM nitrendipine (calcium channel antagonists) reversibly inhibited lamellipod formation and cell locomotion in both spontaneously migrating and electrically guided cells. Ciba-Geigy Product 28392, which stimulates the opening of calcium channels, and is a competitive inhibitor of nitrendipine, has no effect on the locomotion of keratocytes. Cell motility was also unaffected by hyperpolarizing and depolarizing (low and high K+) media. It is argued that while a tissue cell may accommodate changes in resting membrane potential without becoming more or less motile, the cell may not be able to counterbalance the effects of depolarization and hyperpolarization simultaneously. In this context, a gradient of membrane potential, which is induced by an external DC electric field, will serve as a persistent stimulus for cell locomotion.
Simulations of the irradiation and temperature dependence of the efficiency of tandem photoelectrochemical water-splitting systems (2013)

The instantaneous efficiency of an operating photoelectrochemical solar-fuel-generator system is a complicated function of the tradeoffs between the light intensity and temperature-dependence of the photovoltage and photocurrent, as well as the losses associated with factors that include ohmic resistances, concentration overpotentials, kinetic overpotentials, and mass transport. These tradeoffs were evaluated quantitatively using an advanced photoelectrochemical device model comprised of an analytical device physics model for the semiconducting light absorbers in combination with a multi-physics device model that solved for the governing conservation equations in the various other parts of the system. The model was used to evaluate the variation in system efficiency due to hourly and seasonal variations in solar irradiation as well as due to variation in the isothermal system temperature. The system performance characteristics were also evaluated as a function of the band gaps of the dual-absorber tandem component and its properties, as well as the device dimensions and the electrolyte conductivity. The modeling indicated that the system efficiency varied significantly during the day and over a year, exhibiting local minima at midday and a global minimum at midyear when the solar irradiation is most intense. These variations can be reduced by a favorable choice of the system dimensions, by a reduction in the electrolyte ohmic resistances, and/or by utilization of very active electrocatalysts for the fuel-producing reactions. An increase in the system temperature decreased the annual average efficiency and led to less rapid ramp-up and ramp-down phases of the system, but reduced midday and midyear instantaneous efficiency variations. Careful choice of the system dimensions resulted in minimal change in the system efficiency in response to degradation in the quality of the light absorbing materials. The daily and annually averaged mass of hydrogen production for the optimized integrated system compared favorably to the daily and annually averaged mass of hydrogen that was produced by an optimized stand-alone tandem photovoltaic array connected electrically to a stand-alone electrolyzer system. The model can be used to predict the performance of the system, to optimize the design of solar-driven water splitting devices, and to guide the development of components of the devices as well as of the system as a whole.
Novel optical sensor based on morphology-dependent resonances for measuring thermal deformation in microelectromechanical systems devices (2009)

We have reported a novel optical sensor based on whispering gallery mode (WGM) resonance for measuring thermal deformation in microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) devices. New asymptotic expressions for transverse electric and transverse magnetic waves are developed based on electromagnetic theory derivations for the large size parameter ( times diameter divided by wavelength of light) limits. The optical thermal deformation sensor is characterized both theoretically and experimentally by considering the fact that the size parameter of the microspheres is very large at optical wavelengths. As a prototype thermal deformation sensor, an optical fiber experimental setup with tunable laser diode has been used for realizing the effect of WGM resonances due to change in surrounding temperature of a dielectric microsphere made of BK-7 glass. The quality factor of experimental resonance spectra observed in the laboratory is calculated approximately on the order of 104, which is sensitive enough for detecting micro or nano level deformation changes in the surrounding medium. The novel optical sensor can measure the thermal deformation in the MEMS devices as small as the submicron or nanometer level. This sensor could potentially be used for nanotechnology, MEMS devices, biomedical applications, and other microdevices.
Electron microscopic study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae rDNA chromatin replication. (1986)

An electron microscopic study was made of the replication of rDNA chromatin of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Two different methods were used to synchronize cells. cdc7-1 cells were raised to a restrictive temperature, whereas A364a cells were blocked with mating factor. Replication bubbles typically opened in the nontranscribed spacers of rDNA repeats in both cell types. The mean position of the center of these bubbles corresponds closely to a position where an autonomously replicating sequence previously has been mapped in an rDNA repeat. Clusters of replication bubbles containing up to four bubbles spaced one to three genes apart were seen opening in early S phase.