gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kv7 potassium channels in airway smooth muscle cells: signal transduction intermediates and pharmacological targets for bronchodilator therapy (2011)

Expression and function of Kv7 (KCNQ) voltage-activated potassium channels in guinea pig and human airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) were investigated by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), patch-clamp electrophysiology, and precision-cut lung slices. qRT-PCR revealed expression of multiple KCNQ genes in both guinea pig and human ASMCs. Currents with electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of Kv7 currents were measured in freshly isolated guinea pig and human ASMCs. In guinea pig ASMCs, Kv7 currents were significantly suppressed by application of the bronchoconstrictor agonists methacholine (100 nM) or histamine (30 μM), but current amplitudes were restored by addition of a Kv7 channel activator, flupirtine (10 μM). Kv7 currents in guinea pig ASMCs were also significantly enhanced by another Kv7.2-7.5 channel activator, retigabine, and by celecoxib and 2,5-dimethyl celecoxib. In precision-cut human lung slices, constriction of airways by histamine was significantly reduced in the presence of flupirtine. Kv7 currents in both guinea pig and human ASMCs were inhibited by the Kv7 channel blocker XE991. In human lung slices, XE991 induced robust airway constriction, which was completely reversed by addition of the calcium channel blocker verapamil. These findings suggest that Kv7 channels in ASMCs play an essential role in the regulation of airway diameter and may be targeted pharmacologically to relieve airway hyperconstriction induced by elevated concentrations of bronchoconstrictor agonists.
Feedback control of piezoelectric tube scanners (2002)

Piezoelectric tube actuators commonly used in scanning probe microscopes display undesirable properties including hysteresis, creep, and varying voltage sensitivity. The effects of these nonlinearities must be counteracted to produce distortion-free images, especially for large scanning ranges. Methods implemented by previous researchers include calibration of the scanner, postimaging software image correction, and real-time correction via feedback control. This article focuses on the last of these approaches by describing the design and experimental results of two feedback controllers for scanner motion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Process Technologies for Ta / SiC X‐Ray Masks (1990)

This paper describes process technologies for an x‐ray mask using Ta as the x‐ray absorber and as the x‐ray membrane. can be grown heteroepitaxially in a coldwall LPCVD reactor at 1000°C and 3.5 torr using a gas mixture of, , and . has a stress of and a Young's modulus of . Pure Ta with Ar ions implanted by 150 keV is more stable and dense than Ta alloys and their nitrides. The film density is about 16 g/cm3 and the stress change due to annealing of 200°C is below . The yield of stress control is 68% for . The temperature of the membrane during Ta RIE is controlled by He cooling from the back. It is held between 45° and 100°C at a power density of 0.8 W/cm2. A mixture of and (1:1) is used as the etching gas. The gas pressure is from 0.18 to 0.2 torr. The etch rate of Ta is 1.2 μm/min and the selectivity of Ta to a resist (AMS‐1) is 7. A 0.8 μm thick Ta pattern of 0.15 μm lines and spaces is obtained by using a 0.5 μm thick single‐layer resist. Electron beam lithography on a thin membrane requires a high‐contrast resist (AMS‐1) and a well‐controlled correction of the proximity effect because of the high electron backscattering on Ta. Si etchback is done by spray etcher using a mixture of and (1:3) with a high speed of 8 min per mask. The total fabrication process is designed to minimize mask distortion. The maximum mask distortion due to the absorber stress is 0.11 μm (3σ) including the measurement errors of Nikon 2 I . The mask used for the measurement had a circular membrane of 60 mm diam and a field window. The was 2 μm thick and the Ta was 0.8 μm thick with a stress of .
Analysis of Three-Dimensional Flow around Marine Propeller by Direct Formulation of Boundary Element Method (1985)

In recent years, the propeller's fatigue fracture at the blade's root of motorcar carriers and refrigerated cargo carriers has become an important problem awaiting to be solved. On the other hand, the use of the highly skewed propeller for the reduction of ship vibration and noise leads to the strength problem of propeller. With such technical background, an accurate method for the calculation of the pressure distribution acting on the surface of the propeller blade has been needed.This paper presents the direct formulation of boundary element method for the analysis of three-dimensional flow around the marine propeller which is expected to be a more accurate method than the lifting surface theory. The present method is applied to the analysis of flowfields around the rectangular wing, conventional propeller and highly skewed propeller. The result is compared with that of the lifting surface theory, and the usefulness of the present method is verified.
Plasmonic Nanoparticles as a Physically Unclonable Function for Responsive Anti‐Counterfeit Nanofingerprints (2016)

Far‐field scattering of randomly deposited Au nanoparticles (NPs) is demonstrated as a physically unclonable optical function for anti‐counterfeit applications in which the scattering patterns are easily produced yet impractical to replicate. Colloidal metal NPs are superb components for nanoscale labels owing to their small dimensions and intense far‐field scattering visible at wavelengths that depend on colloidal size, shape, composition, and their local environment. The feasibility of Au NP depositions as nanofingerprints is presented using a simple pattern matching algorithm. These NPs offer extended functionality as environmental sensors. Taking advantage of the local refractive index dependent scattering wavelengths of metal NPs, a detectable color change is also demonstrated from a nanofingerprint comprised of Au and Ag NPs when placed in media with different refractive index. The facile deposition method coupled with the intense scattering and optical response of metal NPs provides physically unclonable tags (nanofingerprints) with the ability to serve as tamper‐evident and aging labels.
Kokono Search: A Location Based Search Engine. (2001)

We have developed a location-based search system for web documents on the Internet. This system can find web documents based on the distance between locations that are described in web documents and a location specified by a user. It consists of three modules. (1) A robot that gathers documents from the Internet, (2) a parser that extracts address strings from web documents and associates latitude-longitude information to the original document and (3) a retrieval module. This system can retrieve location-related web documents overlooked by conventional keyword-based search engines. Keyword-based search engine overlooked more than 25% of location-related web documents compared with our search engine. We have served this location-based search as an experimental service named “kokono search” that is one of Mobile Info. Search [2] services on the Internet.
Linking Hydrology and Biogeochemistry to assess the impact of Lateral Nutrient Fluxes (2010)

Until recently, it has been challenging to couple hydrological and biogeochemical processes at the watershed\nscale. We have coupled two models, WTB and MEL, to simulate lateral water and nutrient fluxes and their\ninfluence on ecosystem functioning. WTB is a spatially explicit water balance model. Vertical flow was\nsimulated using a capacitance model with lateral flow dependent on head development and the local slope of\nthe confining layer. The Multiple Element Limitation (MEL) model is an ecosystem model, developed to\nexamine limitation in vegetation acclimating to changes in the availability of two resources (carbon and\nnitrogen). MEL also incorporates the recycling of resources through the soil. In our coupled model, nutrients\nare treated as inert solutes and are transported vertically as well as laterally using a mixing model. Nutrients\nmoving down the slope are repeatedly taken up, cycled through vegetation and soils, and released back into\nthe soil solution. We are currently identifying the possibilities for incorporating flood dynamics into the\nmodel. We evaluated the impact of adding lateral nutrient fluxes to the original MEL model using a virtual\nexperiment. The model (coupled and MEL only) was applied to a small, well defined catchment. After a\nsimulation period of three years, we detect a redistribution of the stock of inorganic N. A larger amount of N is\npresent near the river than at the top of the slopes of the catchment, largely due to lateral fluxes. Comparing\nthe coupled model to the MEL model, we also find large losses of inorganic N in the coupled model due to\nlarge vertical fluxes out of the root zone. These vertical out-fluxes cause a smaller N uptake by plants. To\ndetect if Carbon (C) uptake by plants is affected due to the changes in N distribution, the simulation period\nhas to be increased due to a lag time in the optimization of the C:N ratio in plant biomass.
Fast Fractal Coding Method for the Detection of Microcalcification in Mammograms (2008)

The presence of microcalcifications in mammograms can be considered as an early indication of breast cancer. A fast fractal block coding method to model the mammograms for detecting the presence of microcalcifications is presented in this paper. The conventional fractal image coding method takes enormous amount of time during the fractal block encoding procedure. In the proposed method, the image is divided into shade and non shade blocks based on the dynamic range, and only non shade blocks are encoded using the fractal encoding technique. Since the number of image blocks is considerably reduced in the matching domain search pool, a saving of 97.996% of the encoding time is obtained as compared to the conventional fractal coding method, for modeling mammograms. The above developed mammograms are used for detecting microcalcifications and a diagnostic efficiency of 85.7% is obtained for the 28 mammograms used.
Cell vertex finite volume discretizations in three dimensions (1992)

Abstract The cell vertex method is generalized to three dimensions. It is proved that there exists a one‐parameter family of eight‐point three‐dimensional methods with second‐order truncation error on parallelepipeds. Using different triangulations of control volume faces, various finite volume methods are derived. Some of these are identified as members of the aforementioned one‐parameter family and may be regarded as second‐order upwind schemes. A Fourier analysis is used to investigate the spectral properties of these discretizations. Numerical experiments illustrate that second‐order global accuracy is achieved on parallelepiped grids, as suggested by the theory. Randomly perturbed, stretched, sheared meshes are used to test these methods to destruction. It is found that upwinding improves both the accuracy on distorted meshes and the spectrum of the discretization.
A clock distribution scheme for large RSFQ circuits (1995)

A primary issue in maximizing the performance of large scale synchronous digital systems is the clock distribution scheme. We present novel clocking scheme, developed specifically for RSFQ logic, which is based on the concurrent flow of the clock and data signals. The scheme permits the circuit throughput to be independent of inter-cell connection delays and significantly reduces the dependence of the throughput on the clock-to-output delay of the cells. Concurrent flow clocking is particularly well for structured architectures. The simulated maximum clock frequency of an RSFQ decimation digital filter currently under development at the University of Rochester can be as much as seven times higher using concurrent-flow clocking rather than conventional (counterflow) clocking. This advantage, however, is reduced to a factor of two due to fabrication parameter variations in present day superconductive technologies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Role of cysteine and glutathione in HIV infection and other diseases associated with muscle wasting and immunological dysfunction (1997)

The combination of abnormally low plasma cystine and glutamine levels, low natural killer (NK) cell activity, skeletal muscle wasting or muscle fatigue, and increased rates of urea production defines a complex of abnormalities that is tentatively called "low CG syndrome." These symptoms are found in patients with HIV infection, cancer, major injuries, sepsis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and to some extent in overtrained athletes. The coincidence of these symptoms in diseases of different etiological origin suggests a causal relationship. The low NK cell activity in most cases is not life-threatening, but may be disastrous in HIV infection because it may compromise the initially stable balance between the immune system and virus, and trigger disease progression. This hypothesis is supported by the coincidence observed between the decrease of CD4+ T cells and a decrease in the plasma cystine level. In addition, recent studies revealed important clues about the role of cysteine and glutathione in the development of skeletal muscle wasting. Evidence suggests that 1) the cystine level is regulated primarily by the normal postabsorptive skeletal muscle protein catabolism, 2) the cystine level itself is a physiological regulator of nitrogen balance and body cell mass, 3) the cyst(e)ine-mediated regulatory circuit is compromised in various catabolic conditions, including old age, and 4) cysteine supplementation may be a useful therapy if combined with disease-specific treatments such as antiviral therapy in HIV infection.
Design Method of Vibrationally Optimum Tooth Flank Form for Involute Helical Gears With Scattering in Pressure Angle and Helix Angle Deviation (2000)

Abstract The detail in geometrical shape of each tooth flank of a mass-production gear is usually not the same. Even a slight deviation of tooth flank form of several micrometers has a big influence on the running vibration/noise of transmission gear box. The influence of scattering in tooth flank form on the vibrational characteristics of gears must therefore be taken into consideration at the design stage to achieve low vibration gears. In this report, the influence of typical types of scattering, i.e. in pressure angle deviation and helix angle deviation, on the vibrational excitation is clarified in terms of the relationship between vibrational excitation and actual contact ratio. Those types of scattering decrease the actual contact ratio of a gear pair from that value of the tooth flank form designed on a draft. Gears with scattering in tooth flank form can run silenter, when some less amount of tooth flank form modification than the optimum one for gears without scattering is given. The design algorithm for optimum modification of tooth flank form with scattering is proposed.
The Human Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1α Gene:HIF1AStructure and Evolutionary Conservation (1998)

The HIF1A gene encodes the HIF-1alpha subunit of hypoxia-inducible factor 1, a transcription factor that is essential for cardiovascular development and systemic O2 homeostasis. HIF1A consists of 15 exons that are interrupted by introns at the same locations as in the mouse Hif1a gene, although sequences mediating alternative splicing and alternative translation initiation events in the mouse are not present in the human gene. Placement of introns differs between HIF1A and EPAS1, which encodes the human HIF-2alpha protein. Transcription of the HIF1A gene was initiated over a 15-nt region downstream of two SP1 sites. A 0.7-kb region of 5' flanking sequences functioned as a strong promoter in transient expression assays. Comparison of 0.8 kb of 5' flanking and 5' untranslated sequences from the HIF1A and Hif1a genes revealed 70% identity. The proximal 300 bp of 5' flanking sequences was 83% identical, including the SP1 sites and transcription initiation sites. These results suggest evolutionary selection for maintenance of HIF1A structure, function, and regulation.
A Disaggregated Memory System for Deep Learning (2019)

As the complexity of deep learning (DL) models scales up, computer architects are faced with a memory “capacity” wall, where the limited physical memory inside the accelerator device constrains the algorithm that can be trained and deployed. This article summarizes our recent work on designing an accelerator-centric, disaggregated memory system for DL.
Conserved differences in protein sequence determine the human pathogenicity of Ebolaviruses (2016)

Reston viruses are the only Ebolaviruses that are not pathogenic in humans. We analyzed 196 Ebolavirus genomes and identified specificity determining positions (SDPs) in all nine Ebolavirus proteins that distinguish Reston viruses from the four human pathogenic Ebolaviruses. A subset of these SDPs will explain the differences in human pathogenicity between Reston and the other four ebolavirus species. Structural analysis was performed to identify those SDPs that are likely to have a functional effect. This analysis revealed novel functional insights in particular for Ebolavirus proteins VP40 and VP24. The VP40 SDP P85T interferes with VP40 function by altering octamer formation. The VP40 SDP Q245P affects the structure and hydrophobic core of the protein and consequently protein function. Three VP24 SDPs (T131S, M136L, Q139R) are likely to impair VP24 binding to human karyopherin alpha5 (KPNA5) and therefore inhibition of interferon signaling. Since VP24 is critical for Ebolavirus adaptation to novel hosts, and only a few SDPs distinguish Reston virus VP24 from VP24 of other Ebolaviruses, human pathogenic Reston viruses may emerge. This is of concern since Reston viruses circulate in domestic pigs and can infect humans, possibly via airborne transmission.
Against transient-steady effect attack using time check blocks (2017)

Transient-steady effect (TSE) attack is a new type of fault attack which exploits the phenomenon that the output of a combinational circuit keeps a temporal value for a while before it finally switches to the correct value and breaks the key by injecting a clock glitch to capture the temporal value. In order to efficient against TSE attack, we propose our countermeasure based on a time check blocks (TCB). We first make a theoretical analysis for the TSE attack, and point out the transient value is exists as long as the two circuits in operation with different critical paths. Then we present our resist ideas. The proposed idea is to use the TCB to check whether the clock signal is abnormal and change the output of the circuit if there is a clock glitch be detected, this will make the attacker can not get the correct transient value. Furthermore, we point out that our countermeasure can be used to against attacks which based on injecting a clock glitch, such as typical Fault Sensitivity Analysis (FSA). Experiments are carried out to verify our countermeasure, and the results demonstrate that the proposed TCB can successfully detect the abnormal clock, and our countermeasure can resist TSE attacks effectively.
Hammerstein model identification: the case of piecewise-polynomial static-gain (2001)

We are considering the problem of identifying Hammerstein models, including a nonlinear static gain in series with linear dynamics. We particularly focus on static gains that are piecewise polynomial within a finite interval. For this class of models we develop an identification scheme with the following main features: (i) a dynamics-oriented parameterization and a static-gain-oriented parameterization, (ii) a parameter estimation algorithm associated with each parameterization, (iii) a persistently exciting input signal. The parameter estimates thus obtained are shown to converge to their true values, yielding asymptotically the true model.
Incidence and Management of Severe Hypoglycemia in 434 Adults with Insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1985)

The risk of severe hypoglycemia associated with the particular therapeutic approach of two University hospitals was assessed in 96% of all patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) who had been admitted during a period of almost 3 yr to the diabetic wards of two hospitals and who participated in a structured teaching and treatment program. During a mean follow-up period of 18 mo, 10% of the conventionally treated patients (N = 384; age 30 +/- 13 yr; duration of diabetes 12 +/- 9 yr) and 9% of the CSII-treated patients (N = 50, age 28 +/- 7 yr, duration of diabetes 13 +/- 7 yr, total follow-up period 1093 patient-mo) experienced at least one severe hypoglycemic episode per year, and a total of 123 severe hypoglycemic episodes occurred. In a subgroup of 169 conventionally treated patients, mean glycosylated hemoglobin values decreased from 10.5 +/- 1.9% before participation in the program to 9.2 +/- 2.0% (P less than 0.001) 18 +/- 4 mo thereafter. For the CSII-treated patients, glycosylated hemoglobin values were 9.7 +/- 1.9% before initiation of pump therapy and remained at the upper normal range from 3 mo thereafter throughout the study. There was no relationship between glycosylated hemoglobin levels and the occurrence of severe hypoglycemic episodes. Fifty-three severe hypoglycemic episodes were treated with glucagon injections by the patients' relatives (all but one effectively), 30 were managed by assisting physicians, and 44 led to hospitalization. Thus, successful attempts to improve glycosylated hemoglobin values in an unselected group of patients with IDDM were not associated with an unduly high risk of severe hypoglycemia when compared with the scarce data from the literature.