gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Macrophage peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ as a therapeutic target to combat Type 2 diabetes (2007)

The peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-dependent transcription factors and is the molecular target of antidiabetic thiazolidinediones that exert insulin sensitizing effects in adipose tissue, skeletal muscle and the liver. In addition to the well described effects of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma in insulin target tissues, it is now apparent that its expression in macrophages is critical in the regulation of macrophage phenotype, whole body glucose metabolism and in mediating, in part, the antidiabetic actions of thiazolidinediones. As macrophages are major contributors to tissue inflammation and are resident in tissues responsible for maintaining glucose homeostasis, the therapeutic potential of these cells in the treatment of Type 2 diabetes is of significant clinical interest.
A new compression ratio prediction algorithm for hardware implementations of LZW data compression (2010)

As the demand for more data storage space continues to grow at an unprecedented pace, the need for real time data compression systems becomes more prominent. One of the well-known methods among lossless data compression algorithms is LZW. In this paper, a new prediction algorithm has been introduced that is able to predict whether or not a data block is compressible with the LZW method. Furthermore, the prediction algorithm provides a reasonably good estimation of the final compression ratio, hence helping the storage system decide early on whether or not to continue with the compression. Simulation results performed on several data compression corpuses indicate that the proposed prediction method is able to reduce run time by 17.79%, in average for a flash sector size of 8 KB. This is achieved at the expense of an average 1.59% decrease in compression performance. The difference between the predicted and actual compression ratio is 11.16% in average, in terms of mean absolute error. Considering the low computational complexity of the proposed method, it can be implemented with a relatively simple hardware hence making it suitable for real time, low-cost, and low-power hardware implementations.
Retrograde transport of nerve growth factor in lesioned goldfish retinal ganglion cells (1983)

Previous experiments have shown that nerve growth factor (NGF) enhances regeneration of goldfish optic nerve after local application of NGF at the site of the lesion. However, the site and mechanism of action of NGF are not yet known. One possibility is that NGF is taken up at the site of the lesion and retrogradely transported to the cell bodies of the retinal ganglion cells and thereby exerts its trophic effects. The present work was carried out to assess the role of retrograde transport of NGF in this enhanced regeneration of goldfish retinal ganglion cells. In intact retinal ganglion cells of the goldfish, 125I-labeled NGF was found not to be retrogradely transported from the optic tectum to the retina, suggesting that retinal ganglion cells do not possess specific NGF receptors. However, if [125I]NGF was injected at the site of an optic nerve lesion at the time of lesion, [125I]NGF was retrogradely transported from the site of a lesion of the optic nerve to the cell body of retinal ganglion cells. The accumulated radioactivity was shown to be intact NGF by SDS-PAGE. The ability of NGF to decrease the time required for recovery of visual function was observed only when NGF was administered at the time of the injury. Likewise, no transport of [125I]NGF was observed when it was injected at the crush site 16 hr or longer after crush. Thus, there is a temporal correlation between the ability of intact [125I]NGF to be retrogradely transported from a lesion site to the retina and the regenerative effect of NGF. Autoradiography showed that the [125I]NGF accumulated only in retinal ganglion cells. The transport of NGF in the lesioned goldfish visual system was not specific for NGF in that other proteins (cytochrome c, bovine serum albumin) were transported equally well. Likewise, transport of [125I]NGF was not prevented by concomitant administration of excess unlabeled NGF. The retrograde transport of [125I]NGF therefore was not selective and did not appear to be mediated by specific NGF receptors in this system. This nonspecific transport of [125I]NGF did not occur in the axotomized spinal motor neurons in the neonatal or adult rat or in the newt. However, receptor-mediated transport is seen in lesioned sensory neurons in both species.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Controlled Film Formation during CCl4 Plasma Etching (1984)

Carbon tetrachloride plasma etching can be performed in a regime in which a film‐like product is simultaneously formed on vertical surfaces but inhibited from forming on horizontal surfaces. If the photoresist profile is properly tailored, this process is capable of etching polysilicon or layered refractory metal (tantalum, molybdenum) silicide‐doped polysilicon films with virtually no change in linewidth from the developed photoresist image. We discuss the influence of the masking profile on the etched film profile and present conditions necessary for controlled film formation.
AN EMPIRICAL ASSESSMENT OF DATA COLLECTION USING THE INTERNET (1998)

Identical questionnaire items were used to gather data from 2 samples of employees. One sample ( n = 50) responded to a survey implemented on the World Wide Web. Another sample ( n = 181) filled out a paper version of the survey. Analyses of the 2 data sets supported an exploration of the viability of World Wide Web data collection. The World Wide Web data had fewer missing values than the paper and pencil data. A covariance analysis simultaneously conducted in both samples indicated similar covariance structures among the tested variables. The costs and benefits of using access controls to improve sampling are discussed. Four applications that do not require such access controls are discussed.
Performance of the MADGE Aircraft Guidance System (1975)

MADGE (Microwave Aircraft Digital Guidance Equipment) is a portable equipment which assists the landing of all types of aircraft at a variety of sites. It contains a digital data link operating at 5 GHz. Distance is derived in the air by measuring go-and-return time; angles are measured on the ground by passive interferometer receivers. Flight results relating to coverage and accuracy are presented.
An Electromagnetic Blood Flow Meter (1949)

This report describes the design of an instrument for electrically measuring the rate of flow of blood passing through a glass cannula which has been inserted within a vessel of an anesthetized animal.
A planar on-chip micro-nib interface for NanoESI–MS microfluidic applications (2003)

come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destine au dpt et la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publis ou non, manant des tablissements d'enseignement et de recherche franais ou trangers, des laboratoires publics ou privs.
SINGLE ELECTRON DEVICES (1998)

In the mid 1980s Averin and Likharev predicted that with the use of ultrasmall tunnel junctions a time correlation of electron flow through a junction could be observed, and permit the measurement of the effect of a net charge of less than one electron on the junction. Both effects were soon experimentally verified, and since that time there has been an explosion of work in the filed of single electron devices. This chapter reviews the fundamental concepts behind the operation of such devices. it then describes some of the single electron effects studied in semiconductors. Superconducting devices are then constrasted to the semiconductor and the normal metal single electron devices. The details of some current applications are described, and a thumbnail sketch of current fabrication methods is given.
The MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database on CD-ROM and software for use with it (2002)

A compact-disk ROM containing the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT)-Boston's Beth Israel Hospital (BIH) Arrhythmia Database as well as a large number of supplementary recordings assembled for various research projects was produced. In all, the CD-ROM contains approximately 600 megabytes of digitized electrocardiograms (ECG) recordings, most with beat-by-beat annotations, having a total duration in excess of 200 hours. The CD-ROM format makes this substantial collection of ECGs accessible to researchers with PCs as well as those with larger computer systems. The contents of the CD-ROM and the issues involved in its production are described. Software for use with the CD-ROM as well as for development of similar databases is also described. >
Cluster-Based Similarity Search in Time Series (2009)

In this paper, we present a new method that accelerates similarity search implemented via one-nearest neighbor on time series data. The main idea is to identify the most similar time series to a given query without necessarily searching over the whole database. Our method is based on partitioning the search space by applying the K-means algorithm on the data. Then, similarity search is performed hierarchically starting from the cluster that lies most closely to the query. This procedure aims at reaching the most similar series without searching all clusters. In this work, we propose to reduce the intrinsically high dimensionality of time series prior to clustering by applying a well known dimensionality reduction technique, namely, the piecewise aggregate approximation, for its simplicity and efficiency. Experiments are conducted on twelve real-world and synthetic datasets covering a wide range of applications.
Treatment of Graft versus Host Disease with Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Phase I Study on 40 Adult and Pediatric Patients (2013)

This phase I multicenter study was aimed at assessing the feasibility and safety of intravenous administration of third party bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) expanded in platelet lysate in 40 patients (15 children and 25 adults), experiencing steroid-resistant grade II to IV graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Patients received a median of 3 MSC infusions after having failed conventional immunosuppressive therapy. A median cell dose of 1.5 × 10(6)/kg per infusion was administered. No acute toxicity was reported. Overall, 86 adverse events and serious adverse events were reported in the study, most of which (72.1%) were of infectious nature. Overall response rate, measured at 28 days after the last MSC injection, was 67.5%, with 27.5% complete response. The latter was significantly more frequent in patients exhibiting grade II GVHD as compared with higher grades (61.5% versus 11.1%, P = .002) and was borderline significant in children as compared with adults (46.7 versus 16.0%, P = .065). Overall survival at 1 and 2 years from the first MSC administration was 50.0% and 38.6%, with a median survival time of 1.1 years. In conclusion, MSC can be safely administered on top of conventional immunosuppression for steroid resistant GVHD treatment. Eudract Number 2008-007869-23, NCT01764100.
Data collection and quality challenges for deep learning (2020)

Software 2.0 refers to the fundamental shift in software engineering where using machine learning becomes the new norm in software with the availability of big data and computing infrastructure. As a result, many software engineering practices need to be rethought from scratch where data becomes a first-class citizen, on par with code. It is well known that 80--90% of the time for machine learning development is spent on data preparation. Also, even the best machine learning algorithms cannot perform well without good data or at least handling biased and dirty data during model training. In this tutorial, we focus on data collection and quality challenges that frequently occur in deep learning applications. Compared to traditional machine learning, there is less need for feature engineering, but more need for significant amounts of data. We thus go through state-of-the-art data collection techniques for machine learning. Then, we cover data validation and cleaning techniques for improving data quality. Even if the data is still problematic, hope is not lost, and we cover fair and robust training techniques for handling data bias and errors. We believe that the data management community is well poised to lead the research in these directions. The presenters have extensive experience in developing machine learning platforms and publishing papers in top-tier database, data mining, and machine learning venues.
Glucocorticoid Receptor Antagonism as a Novel Therapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2013)

These results suggest that mifepristone pretreatment could be a useful strategy for increasing tumor cell apoptosis in chemotherapy-resistant GR+ TNBC.
Fluorescence‐labeled peptides as isoelectric point (p<i>I</i>) markers in capillary isoelectric focusing with fluorescence detection (1995)

Commercially available peptides, mostly angiotensin derivatives, were labeled at their N-terminal amino group with 5-carboxytetramethylrhodamine succinimidyl ester, to obtain fluorescent pI markers for capillary isoelectric focusing with fluorescence detection. The labeled peptides were purified by reversed-phase chromatography. They were well separated on isoelectric focusing in a polyacrylamide gel slab and their pIs were determined by comigration with protein-pI markers. The fluorescent markers could be detected as sharp peaks in capillary isoelectric focusing with laser-induced fluorescence detection (He-Ne laser, 1 mW, 543.5 nm). The detection limit was found to be around 3 x 10(-12) M (0.8 amol). Tetramethylrhodamine-labeled pea lectin (3 pg) was subjected to capillary isoelectric focusing and the pIs of the fluorescent derivatives of the lectin were determined by using the fluorescence-labeled peptides as pI markers.
Rational Design of Chelating Phosphine Functionalized Os<sup>(II)</sup> Emitters and Fabrication of Orange Polymer Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Solution Process (2007)

Abstract A new series of charge neutral Os (II) pyridyl azolate complexes with either bis(diphenylphosphino)methane (dppm) or cis ‐1,2‐bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene (dppee) chelates were synthesized, and their structural, electrochemical, photophysical properties and thermodynamic relationship were established. For the dppm derivatives 3a and 4a , the pyridyl azolate chromophores adopt an eclipse orientation with both azolate segments aligned trans to each other, and with the pyridyl groups resided the sites that are opposite to the phosphorus atoms. In sharp contrast, the reactions with dppee ligand gave rise to the formation of two structural isomers for all three kind of azole chromophores, with both azolate or neutral heterocycles (i.e., pyridyl or isoquinolinyl fragments) located at the mutual trans ‐disposition around the Os metal (denoted as series of a and b complexes). These chelating phosphines Os (II) complexes show remarkably high thermal stability, among which and several exhibit nearly unitary phosphorescence yield in deaerated solution at RT. A polymer light‐emitting device (PLED) prepared using 0.4 mol % of 5a as dopant in a blend of poly(vinylcarbazole) (PVK) and 30 wt % of 2‐ tert ‐butylphenyl‐5‐biphenyl‐1,3,4‐oxadiazole (PBD) exhibits yellow emission with brightness of 7208 cd m –2 , an external quantum efficiency of 10.4 % and luminous efficiency of 36.1 cd A –1 at current density of 20 mA cm –2 . Upon changing to 1.6 mol % of 6a , the result showed even better brightness of 9212 cd m –2 , external quantum efficiency of 12.5 % and luminous efficiency of 46.1 cd A –1 at 20 mA cm –2 , while the max. external quantum efficiency of both devices reaches as high as 11.7 % and 13.3 %, respectively. The high PL quantum efficiency, non‐ionic nature, and short radiative lifetime are believed to be the determining factors for this unprecedented achievement.
The effect of chlorhexidine on Streptococcus sanguis biofilms. (1989)

The bactericidal effect of chlorhexidine on Streptococcus sanguis biofilms was investigated and compared with its effect on suspensions of the organism. The biofilms were found to be more resistant to the bactericidal effects of chlorhexidine than the bacterial suspensions in terms of the number of surviving organisms. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) being 25 and 50 micrograms/ml, respectively, for the suspension and the 24 h biofilm. The age of the biofilm had a marked effect on the number of bacteria surviving. Older (72 h) biofilms tended to be more resistant to chlorhexidine than younger (24 h) ones, with the MIC being 200 and 50 micrograms/ml, respectively. Addition of blood to the test system greatly reduced the bactericidal effect of the chlorhexidine, increasing the MIC for the 24 h biofilm from 50 to 200 micrograms/ml.
A NEW METHOD OF PREPARING ACETALS (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA NEW METHOD OF PREPARING ACETALSJ. A. Nieuwland, R. R. Vogt, and W. L. FooheyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 3, 1018–1024Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01366a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01366a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views322Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fragmentation of Carbonyl Oxides by <i>N</i>-Oxides:  An Improved Approach to Alkene Ozonolysis (2006)

[Structure: see text] Ozonolysis of alkenes in the presence of amine N-oxides results in the direct formation of aldehydes. This reaction, which appears to involve an unprecedented trapping and fragmentation of the short-lived carbonyl oxide intermediates, avoids the hazards associated with generation and isolation of ozonides or other peroxide products.
A Simple, Cost-Effective Sensor for Detecting Lead Ions in Water Using Under-Potential Deposited Bismuth Sub-Layer with Differential Pulse Voltammetry (DPV) (2017)

The accumulation of high levels of lead or lead ions in a human body is harmful, particularly to children. Its neurotoxic effect is profound, damaging the central and peripheral nervous systems, resulting in stunted growth, behavioral problems and learning disabilities. The major source of lead or lead ions comes from the drinking water and tap water. The assessment of the water quality, including lead or lead ion content, is usually completed by a regional water department professional. This assessment is time-consuming and requires expensive instruments and skilled operators. Therefore, there is a need to produce a simple-use and relatively inexpensive method to detect lead or lead ions in water samples. This research has developed a simple-use, cost effective sensor system for the detection of lead ions in tap water. An under-potential deposited bismuth sub-layer on a thin gold film based electrochemical sensor was designed, manufactured and evaluated. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) measurement technique was employed in this detection. Tap water from the Cleveland, Ohio, USA regional water district was the test medium. Concentrations of lead ion in the range of 8 X 10-8 M to 8 x 10-4 M were evaluated. This DPV detection system required 3 -6 minutes to complete the detection measurement. A longer measurement time of 6 minutes was used for the lower lead ion concentration. The selectivity of this lead ion sensor was very good, and Fe III, Cu II, Ni II and Mg II at a concentration level of 5&times;10-4 M did not interfere with the lead ion measurement.
Evidence for amelioration of ischaemic neuronal damage in the hippocampal formation by lesions of the perforant path (1985)

The effect of lesions of two excitatory afferent pathways on the cellular damage in the hippocampus following complete cerebral ischaemia was investigated in the rat. Lesions transecting the perforant path led to a significant decrease in cellular damage in the hippocampal CA1 region ipsilateral to the lesion as compared to the contalateral side and to control. Lesions of the fimbria-fornix, on the other hand, had no significant effects. We propose that the protective effect of the perforant path lesions is due to removal of glutamatergic/aspartergic pathways and that release of these excitatory amino acids might be a critical factor for neuronal necrosis following cerebral ischaemia.
Opiate and Opioid Peptide Receptors: The Past, the Present, and the Future (1988)

The study of opiate action is one of the oldest areas of pharmacological research. Although many scientists consider 1973 the breakthrough year, with the description of opiate binding sites in brain, this discovery was only one in a long progression of studies. Classical approaches provided essential insights into opiate action and, in most cases, molecular studies merely confirmed prior hypotheses.
Theoretical characteristics of optical polarizing films using oblique metal island films (2006)

An ultra-thin optical polarizing film using oblique metal island (OMI) film has been investigated theoretically. The polarizing film consists of a periodic multilayer of the OMI layers and glass layers. The OMI films are composed of prolate metal nanoclusters (I.E., islands) inclining to one side. The MOI films exhibit resonance-type absportion in visible and bear-infrared region and large optical anisotropy as the resonance wavelengths for the polarization along the shorter and longer axes of the prolate metal nanoclusters are different from each other. Therefore, the multilayer using the OMI films can be used as an optical polarizing film at the resonance wavelength. The resonance wavelength depends on the aspect ratio of the prolate islands, distance between the centers of the islands, and choice of the metal. The extinction ratio and insertion loss increase with the number of the OMI layer. In this paper we show the theoretical characteristics of the polarizing films composed of the OMI layers with idea and homogeneous film structure. We have successfully designed the optical polarizing film for the wavelength of 720 nm by choosing silver as metal. The extinction ration and insertion loss of the designed polarizing film are evaluated as 30 dB and 0.03 dB, respectively. The thickness of the polarizing film is calculated as 1800 nm. When aluminum is used as the metal, the polarizing films for the shorter wavelength can be designed.