gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structures of O-linked oligosaccharides isolated from normal granulocytes, chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, and acute myelogenous leukemia cells. (1986)

O-Linked oligosaccharides were isolated from normal granulocytes, chronic myelogenous leukemia cells, and acute myelogenous leukemia cells by alkaline borohydride treatment. Oligosaccharides were fractionated by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration and QAE-Sephadex column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by fast atom bombardment-mass spectrometry after permethylation and methylation analysis before and after specific exoglycosidase treatments. Results show that normal granulocytes and chronic myelogenous leukemia cells contain a series of O-linked oligosaccharides with the following structure, (formula: see text) where, in normal granulocytes n = 0 is major and n = 1 or 2, and thus polylactosaminyl oligosaccharides are present as minor components. However, these polylactosaminyl oligosaccharides were barely detectable in chronic myelogenous leukemia cells. On the other hand, acute myelogenous leukemia cells, which represent poorly differentiated myeloid cells, mainly contain short O-linked oligosaccharides with 2----6-linked sialic acid as follows. (formula: see text) These results suggest that structures of O-linked oligosaccharides vary in the different maturation stages along the same cell lineage.
Chromite Ore Processing Residue (COPR): Hazardous Contaminated Soil or Solid Waste? (2006)

Abstract Chromite ore processing residue (COPR), which contains hexavalent chromium (Cr6+) at concentrations typically in the range of thousands of milligrams/kilograms, was deposited over a timeframe of 50 years as fill at a site referred to as SA7 in New Jersey. Significant surface heaving associated with COPR weathering-induced mineralogical expansion has been observed at the site over time. The current site owner is being required to remediate the site to mitigate both human health risks associated with the Cr6+ and site redevelopment problems associated with COPR heave. The owner is presently required to remediate the COPR by excavation and off-site disposal at a licensed hazardous waste landfill. This is a very expensive remediation option, one that may not be financially sustainable at other COPR impacted sites. The owner has undertaken a major investigation to better characterize the nature of COPR and to develop on-site treatment technologies to reduce Cr6+ concentrations and mitigate COPR heave potential. As one part of the investigation, the characteristics of COPR were evaluated with respect to the definitions of hazardous contaminated soil and hazardous solid waste under the toxicity characteristic waste provisions of the U.S. Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). Remediation clean-up standards, and thus the potential costs and applicable methods associated with site remediation, under these two definitions are significantly different. This paper explains these differences and evaluates the COPR for conformance with each definition. This evaluation includes comparison of sampling, logging, and laboratory testing techniques for COPR compared to soil, geotechnical parameter comparisons, and mineralogical and total metals comparisons. Based on these comparisons, the authors conclude that COPR should classify as a hazardous contaminated soil from both regulatory and scientific perspectives. The bases for this conclusion are provided in the paper. The methodology presented herein to evaluate COPR classification may have applicability to other contaminated soil-like media from industrial processes that are potentially subject to the requirements of RCRA hazardous waste regulations or similar regulations in other countries.
Quantitative sputtering (1988)

Abstract This review discusses experimental techniques used for determining the variety of observables in ion‐bombardment induced erosion of solid surfaces. Boundary conditions for performing reproducible and accurate sputtering yield measurements are formulated. To this end, an inventory is made of the observed systematics in several phenomena accompanying sputtering and of the more regular exceptions to the general trends, also, a brief treatment of some theoretical predictions is given, based on the available literature. Following this extensive survey, the merits and limitations of a number of measurement methods, tailored to study one or more different observables, are discussed. Techniques that seem widely applicable or highly promising are emphasized.
3D Reconstruction of dental specimens from 2D histological images and μCT-Scans (2005)

Direct comparison of experimental and theoretical results in biomechanical studies requires a careful reconstruction of specimen surfaces to achieve a satisfactory congruence for validation. In this paper a semi-automatic approach is described to reconstruct triangular boundary representations from images originating from, either histological sections or microCT-, CT- or MRI-data, respectively. In a user-guided first step, planar 2D contours were extracted for every material of interest, using image segmentation techniques. In a second step, standard 2D triangulation algorithms were used to derive high quality mesh representations of the underlying surfaces. This was accomplished by converting the 2D meshes into 3D meshes by a novel lifting procedure. The meshes can be imported as is into finite element programme packages such as Marc/Mentat or COSMOS/M. Accuracy and feasibility of the algorithm is demonstrated by reconstructing several specimens as examples and comparing simulated results with available measurements performed on the original objects.
Factors Regulating Interaction between Trophoblast and Human Endometrium (1991)

Implantation is a crucial step in human reproduction. Disturbances of this process are responsible for pregnancy failure after both in vivo and in vitro fertilization. The endometrium provides the implanting embryo with a unique substratum where the embryo communicates with biochemical signals, attaches itself, penetrates and grows without blood circulation. The highly proliferative phase of the cytotrophoblast, during early human embryogenesis, may be due to endogenous production of growth factors that may establish autocrine/short range paracrine stimulator loops which explain the tumor-like properties of these tissues. Endometrial BM penetration and stroma invasion may be due to the proteolytic capability of the human embryo. It is suggested that collagenase and the urokinase-like plasminogen activator are responsible for this activity. To clarify the molecular mechanisms involved in human embryo implantation several models are suggested: culture of blastocysts, culture of endometrial cells, and endometrial explant co-culture. Human blastocysts cultured with whole perfused human uteri make it possible to recognize some aspects of the entire implantation process and give us the possibility of improving the benefits provided by new technologies in reproductive medicine and reducing embryonic loss at an early stage.
Reading retardation or linguistic deficit? I: interpreting reading test performances of hearing‐impaired adolescents (1981)

ABSTRACT The performances of 120 children – 60 hearing and 60 hearing‐impaired – on the Brimer Wide‐span Reading Test were compared. These children fell into three groups of 40 (20 hearing‐impaired, 20 hearing) and were matched for reading ages at 7:0‐7:10, 8:0‐8:10 and 9:0‐9:10 years respectively. Their reading test performances were analysed in detail to reveal marked differences both in frequency of errors and error types between the deaf and hearing children at all reading ages. The hearing‐impaired children attempted significantly more test items than the hearing children of matched reading age. They made more errors and significantly more of their errors were classified as‘non‐linguistic’in nature. The implications of these results both for the nature of reading processes in the hearing‐impaired and the value of tests in measuring their reading abilities are discussed.
Seamless Monitoring of Physiological Information in Daily Life: Retrospectives and Perspectives (2015)

This paper reviews endeavors over the past decades to achieve seamless monitoring of various types of physiological information by a variety of high user-affinity approaches applicable to the daily life environment. Developments in academic research and commercialization from the early period are reviewed. The latest outcomes are briefly investigated and roughly categorized into three main models: miniature portable monitors for ambulatory application, functional fabric-based wearable monitors for better comfort, and unobtrusively deployed invisible monitors for optimum usability. Monitors for seamless monitoring of physiological information in the daily life environment differ from conventional devices that are hospital-centered and aimed at short-term use in clinics. Through scrutinizing the current systems and examining their various pros and cons, we identify existing common concerns, provide insight into problem determinants, and suggest research topics for further study. In the near future, we envision that the home will be transformed into an intelligent hub for lifelong healthcare through seamless monitoring of the human body in the daily life environment, which will foster the development of a new discipline “Metrology of Health” or “Healthology” based on a holistic view of health.
Combined reactor, wafer, and feature scale simulation of selective silicon epitaxial growth (2002)

A combined approach to the modeling of selective epitaxial silicon growth (SEG) is presented. The simulations consider the following effects: reactor fluid dynamics, gas chemistry, mass transport in the stagnant layer, and device profile evolution. Reactor-scale, wafer-scale and feature-scale simulations are used to model these mechanisms which have a wide range of physical dimensions. Experiments to identify the effects of HCl on silicon growth rates have been performed. The experimental results show that the main effect of HCl is modulation of reactant gas composition, and they provide the rate constants necessary to simulate local loading effects in the stagnant layer simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sequential Defect Detection According to Defect Possibility in TFT-LCD Panel Image (2014)

TFT-LCD 영상에서 결함은 일반적으로 배경과 비교하여 밝기 차이가 큰 특징을 사용하여 검출된다. 본 논문에서는 휘도 차에 따른 결함 가능성이 높은 순으로 결함을 검출하는 순차적 결함 검출 방법을 제안한다. 제안한 방법은 배경과의 휘도 차가 큰 결함은 정확히 검출하고, 배경과의 휘도 차가 작은 결함인 한도결함도보다 신뢰있게 검출하여 과검출을 최소화할 수 있다. 실험을 통해 제안한 방법은 배경과의 휘도 차가 큰 결함뿐만 아니라 한도결함에 대해서도 우수한 검출 결과를 나타냄을 확인하였다.
Retinally stabilized cone-targeted stimulus delivery (2007)

We demonstrate projection of highly stabilized, aberration-corrected stimuli directly onto the retina by means of real-time retinal image motion signals in combination with high speed modulation of a scanning laser. In three subjects with good fixation stability, stimulus location accuracy averaged 0.26 arcminutes or approximately 1.3 microns, which is smaller than the cone-to-cone spacing at the fovea. We also demonstrate real-time correction for image distortions in adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscope (AOSLO) with an intraframe accuracy of about 7 arcseconds.
Eine allgemeine Methode zur Herstellung von Carbonsäureamiden aus den entsprechenden Nitrilen, II (1971)

Abstract Nitrile (Tab. 1) werden durch Umsetzung mit Ameisensäure und Chlor‐ bzw. Bromwasserstoff in Carbonsäureamide übergeführt. Das Verfahren erfordert weder erhöhten Druck noch erhöhte Temperatur. Auch die partielle Verseifung von Polynitrilen zu Monoamiden ist möglich. Ausbeute und Reinheit der nach dieser Methode hergestellten Amide sind sehr gut.
Identifying Residues in Antigenic Determinants by Chemical Modification (2009)

Chemical modification of the side chains of amino acid residues was one of the first methods developed to investigate epitopes in protein antigens. The principle of the method is that alteration of the structure of a key residue of an epitope by a chemical modification will alter reactivity with antibody by affecting either specificity or avidity or both. Chemical modification has the advantage that it can be applied to discontinuous as well as continuous epitopes and may be of value in identifying cryptic epitopes. We consider here the several recent studies that have applied site-specific chemical modification to the identification of epitopes on antigens, including the use of formaldehyde, glutaraldehyde, and acid anhydrides, to produce allergoids where determinants important to reaction with IgE are modified but the ability to elicit an IgG response is retained. It is noteworthy that modification of amino groups with charge reversal appears to be the most useful approach. The approach to the use of site-specific chemical modification as a tool for the study of protein function is discussed, and emphasis is placed on the necessity to (1) validate the specificity of modification and (2) assess potential conformational change that may occur secondary to modification. Finally, a list of chemical reagents used for protein modification is presented, together with properties and references to use.
Dual-Band Wide-Angle Scanning Planar Phased Array in X/Ku-Bands (2014)

A novel planar dual-band phased array, operational in the X/Ku-bands and with wide-angle scanning capability is presented. The design, development and experimental demonstration are described. A new single-layer crossed L-bar microstrip antenna is used for the array design. The antenna has low-profile architecture, measuring only 0.33λ×0.33λ, at the low frequency band of operation, with flexible resonance tuning capability offered by the use of a plate-through-hole and field-matching ring arrangement. A 49-element planar (7 × 7) array demonstrator has been built and its performance validated, exhibiting good agreement with full-wave simulations. The dual-band array supports a large frequency ratio of nearly 1.8:1, and also maintains good sub-band bandwidths. Wide-angle scanning up to a maximum of 60 ° and 50 ° are achieved at the low and high frequency bands of operation, respectively.
Fast wavelength switching and simultaneous FSK modulation using tunable DBR laser (1990)

This letter describes the operation of a tunable three-section DBR laser for multiwavelength switching with up to 48 resolvable wavelengths. Fast switching among wavelengths that are spaced over a 2.2 nm continuous tuning range and simultaneous FSK data modulation of each channel are demonstrated. A novel wide-deviation FSK modulation scheme to reduce temperature induced wavelength drifts is also described.
Electrical Properties of Paraelectric (Pb<sub> 0.72</sub>La<sub> 0.28</sub>)TiO<sub>3</sub> Thin Films with High Linear Dielectric Permittivity: Schottky and Ohmic Contacts (1995)

Linear, paraelectric (Pb 0.72 La 0.28 )TiO 3 or PLT(28) thin films with a bandgap>3 eV were deposited on Pt/Ti/SiO 2 /Si substrates by the sol-gel technique. Specific top-contact metals from two distinct groups (i.e., non-noble or M T and noble or M N ; the former being oxidizable transition metals) were selected to understand the electrical nature of the interfaces in terms of electrode dependent energy band diagrams and equivalent circuit models. Using a high sensitivity high-pass filter circuit to evaluate the charging and discharging behavior coupled with results of the thickness and voltage dependence of capacitance, it was determined that M T ( Ni,Cr,Ti) and M N ( Pt,Au,Ag) metals form Ohmic and Schottky contacts, respectively. Supported by thermochemical data and calculations, the ohmic M T - PLT interfaces are envisioned to be of the form: M T - M T O x - n + PLT- n PLT. In contrast, the M N - PLT interfaces may be characterized by a metal work function independent Schottky diode; the surface Fermi level being pinned at the mid-gap. For example, a Schottky barrier height of 1.83 eV and a built-in voltage of 1.3 eV at the Pt-PLT interface were estimated. From low field capacitance measurements, the ratio of interfacial to bulk resistance, R i / R b , was estimated to be 23.
Processing heterogeneous abstract syntax trees with the mutable class pattern (2008)

The Mutable Class Pattern is an alternative extensible solution to the Visitor pattern for building configurable associations of heterogeneous structures with diverse algorithms. Initially it was introduced in the framework of the Unified Accelerator Libraries. The scope of the Mutable Class however appears to not be limited to the modeling applications due to the optimal combination of several approaches. This paper presents the application of the Mutable Class pattern to the traversal of heterogeneous abstract syntax trees. The application is based on the JastAdd configurable metacompiler construction system.
Effect of the histamine H2-receptor antagonist (+/-)-(E)-1-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3'-[2-[[[5-methylamino ) methyl-2-furyl] methyl]thio]ethyl]-2"-(methylsulfonyl)guanidine on acute gastric mucosal injury in rats and its free-radical scavenging activities. (1997)

The protective effect of T-593 ((+/-)-(E)-1-[2-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethyl]-3'-[2-[[[5-(methylamino) methyl-2-furyl]methyl]thio]ethyl]-2"-(methylsulfonyl)guanidine, CAS 140695-21-2), a new histamine H2-receptor antagonist, was investigated in rats with acute gastric mucosal injury. An ischemic injury followed by reperfusion was produced by applying a small vascular clamp to the celiac artery for 30 min and then removing it for 60 min. T-593 significantly reduced the area of the lesion in the stomach in a dose-dependent manner, and doses of 0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg inhibited the increase of lipid peroxides in the gastric mucosa after ischemia-reperfusion. A spin-trapping method using 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-N-oxide showed that T-593 scavenged hydroxyl radicals generated by the hydrogen peroxide-ferrous iron sulfate system. T-593 also significantly inhibited the increase of lipid peroxides induced by free-radical initiators in gastric mucosal homogenates. Thus, the protective effect of T-593 against acute gastric mucosal injury induced by ischemia and followed by reperfusion may result, in part, from its antioxidant properties.
Freeze-fracture architecture and polypeptide composition of thylakoid membranes from euploid <i>Ricinus</i> cells (1981)

The freeze-fracture architecture and polypeptide composition of thylakoid membranes of euploid cells of Ricinus communis L. were examined. Electron microscopic examination of the chloroplasts of 1N 2N and 4N cells revealed little variation in the size of chloroplasts, lamellar structure and internal organization of plastids, despite increases in plastid numbers per cell observed to accompany the increase in nuclear ploidy. Thylakoid membranes from euploid cells were also similar in their freeze-fracture morphology. Two basic types of intramembranous particles were observed on the fracture faces of thylakoid membranes of euploid cells. The endoplasmic fracture (EF) face of experimentally unstacked thylakoid membranes of 1N, 2N and 4N cells contain 2 size categories of particles (115-121 A and 164-166 A), whereas the protoplasmic fracture (PF) face of these membranes contain a single size category of particles (85-88 A). The distribution and size of the EF- and PF-face particles were found to be similar among membranes from cells of the 3 ploidy levels. Analysis of the polypeptide composition of thylakoid membranes from 1N, 2N and 4N cells revealed no difference in the relative proportion of the constituent polypeptides of these membranes. The possible factors involved in the regulation of the development of thylakoid structure and composition in the presence of altered nuclear genome size are discussed.
The Dual Chamber and VVI Implantable Defibrillator (DAVID) Trial (2003)

Introduction: The devices used to prove the benefit of ICD therapy had only VVI pacing but most current ICD devices provide dual chamber pacing therapy. The DAVID trial sought to measure the impact of dual chamber pacing at 70 bpm (DDDR‐70) vs. ventricular backup pacing at 40 bpm (VVI‐40) in patients with standard indications for ICD implantation but without indications for bradycardia pacing. Methods: This single‐blind, multicenter, parallel‐group, randomized clinical trial enrolled 506 patients with indications for ICD therapy between 10/2000 and 9/2002. All patients had an LVEF ≤0.40, no indication for pacemaker therapy and no persistent atrial arrhythmias. ICDs with dual chamber, rate‐responsive pacing capability were implanted and programmed to VVI‐40 or DDDR‐70. Results: The combined endpoint of mortality or hospitalization for congestive heart failure (CHF) at one year was 16.1% (VVI‐40) vs. 26.7% (DDDR‐70), (p ∼ 0.03), mortality 6.5% vs. 10.1% (p ∼ 0.15) and CHF hospitalization 13.3% vs. 22.5% (p ∼ 0.07). Conclusion: For ICD patients, DDDR‐70 pacing exhibits no clinical advantage over VVI‐40 pacing and may increase CHF and mortality.
Feature Selection Using Adaboost for Face Expression Recognition (2005)

Abstract : We propose a classification technique for face expression recognition using AdaBoost that learns by selecting the relevant global and local appearance features with the most discriminating information. Selectivity reduces the dimensionality of the feature space that in turn results in significant speed up during online classification. We compare our method with another leading margin-based classifier, the Support Vector Machines (SVM) and identify the advantages of using AdaBoost over SVM in this context. We use histograms of Gabor and Gaussian derivative responses as the appearance features. We apply our approach to the face expression recognition problem where local appearances play an important role. Finally, we show that though SVM performs equally well, AdaBoost feature selection provides a final hypothesis model that can easily be visualized and interpreted, which is lacking in the high dimensional support vectors of the SVM.
Modelling of Building Interiors with Mobile Phone Sensor Data (2015)

Creating as-built plans of building interiors is a challenging task. In this paper we present a semi-automatic modelling system for creating residential building interior plans and their integration with existing map data to produce building models. Taking a set of imprecise measurements made with an interactive mobile phone room mapping application, the system performs spatial adjustments in accordance with soft and hard constraints imposed on the building plan geometry. The approach uses an optimisation model that exploits a high accuracy building outline, such as can be found in topographic map data, and the building topology to improve the quality of interior measurements and generate a standardised output. We test our system on building plans of five residential homes. Our evaluation shows that the approach enables construction of accurate interior plans from imprecise measurements. The experiments report an average accuracy of 0.24 m, close to the 0.20 m recommended by the CityGML LoD4 specification.