gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A preliminary investigation into the effects of gender on cognitive performance in the rat using the novel object recognition task (2005)

Specific knowledge and skills needed by pharmacists in an era of advancing health-care technology are presented, and the most important modern technologic developments in health care are described briefly. Implementation of new technology in health care will be affected by cost considerations and by social trends such as shifting population demographics, an increase in diseases of lifestyle, consumerism, and self-care. Technologic advances in the following areas are described: computerized information networks, bioelectronics, biotechnology, computer graphics, diagnostic imaging, and drug development in space and in the oceans. Diseases are noted for which diagnosis and treatment using new technology is promising. The roles of interferon and monoclonal antibodies are described, and trends in development of new drugs and drug delivery systems are traced. A new philosophical basis for pharmacy education that is consistent with the needs of a technologically oriented society is needed. Practitioners will look to their professional societies for assistance in identifying and implementing the new technology.
Examining the Noncompetitive Antagonist-binding Site in the Ion Channel of the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor in the Resting State (2000)

3-Trifluoromethyl-3-(m-[(125)I]iodophenyl)diazirine ([(125)I]TID) has been shown to be a potent noncompetitive antagonist (NCA) of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Amino acids that contribute to the binding site for [(125)I]TID in the ion channel have been identified in both the resting and desensitized state of the AChR (White, B.H., and Cohen, J.B. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 15770-15783). To characterize further the structure of the NCA-binding site in the resting state channel, we have employed structural analogs of TID. The TID analogs were assessed by the following: 1) their ability to inhibit [(125)I]TID photoincorporation into the resting state channel; 2) the pattern, agonist sensitivity, and NCA inhibition of [(125)I]TID analog photoincorporation into AChR subunits. The addition of a primary alcohol group to TID has no demonstrable effect on the interaction of the compound with the resting state channel. However, conversion of the alcohol function to acetate, isobutyl acetate (TIDBIBA), or to trimethyl acetate leads to rightward shifts in the concentration-response curves for inhibition of [(125)I]TID photoincorporation into the AChR channel and a progressive reduction in the agonist sensitivity of [(125)I]TID analog photoincorporation into AChR subunits. Inhibition of [(125)I]TID analog photoincorporation by NCAs (e.g. tetracaine) as well as identification of the sites of [(125)I]TIDBIBA photoincorporation in the deltaM2 segment indicate a common binding locus for each TID analog. We conclude that relatively small additions to TID progressively reduce its ability to interact with the NCA site in the resting state channel. A model of the NCA site and resting state channel is presented.
Dynamic 3D Scene Analysis from a Moving Vehicle (2007)

In this paper, we present a system that integrates fully automatic scene geometry estimation, 2D object detection, 3D localization, trajectory estimation, and tracking for dynamic scene interpretation from a moving vehicle. Our sole input are two video streams from a calibrated stereo rig on top of a car. From these streams, we estimate structure-from-motion (SfM) and scene geometry in real-time. In parallel, we perform multi-view/multi-category object recognition to detect cars and pedestrians in both camera images. Using the SfM self-localization, 2D object detections are converted to 3D observations, which are accumulated in a world coordinate frame. A subsequent tracking module analyzes the resulting 3D observations to find physically plausible spacetime trajectories. Finally, a global optimization criterion takes object-object interactions into account to arrive at accurate 3D localization and trajectory estimates for both cars and pedestrians. We demonstrate the performance of our integrated system on challenging real-world data showing car passages through crowded city areas.
미쉬메탈 ( misch metal ) 을 함유한 Al - Zr 합금의 석출특성 (2001)

It has been well known that physical property such as heat resistance and electric conductivity of Al-Zr alloys are closely related with precipitation behavior of Al₃Zr phase. In the present work, the effects of misch metal(Mm) addition on the precipitation process and mechanical property in Al-Zr alloys were studied. The results showed that accelerated ageing at low temperature(623K) and smaller sized Al₃Zr phases in comparison with Mm-free alloy were observed by the Mm addition, resulting in hardness increase. From the DVRC analysis indicated that the precipitation of Al₃Zr phase at low temperature(T $lt; 623K) is promoted by Mm addition. It was attributed to the heterogeneous precipitation of Al₃Zr phase at low temperature.
Mosaic mice with teratocarcinoma-derived mutant cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (1977)

Mutagenized stem cells of a cultured mouse teratocarcinoma cell line were selected for resistance to the purine base analog 6-thioguanine. Cells of a resistant clone were completely deficient in activity of the enzyme hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT, IMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase, EC 2.4.2.8), the same X-linked lesion as occurs in human Lesch-Nyhan disease. After microinjection into blastocysts of another genetic strain, the previously malignant cells successfully participated in normal embryogenesis and tumor-free, viable mosaic mice were obtained. Cells of tumor lineage were identified by strain markers in virtually all tissues of some individuals. Mature function of those cells was evident from their tissue-specific products (e.g., melanins, liver proteins). These mutagenized teratocarcinoma cells are therefore developmentally totipotent. Retention of the severe HPRT deficiency in the differentiated state was documented in extracts of mosaic tissues by depressed specific activity of the enzyme, and also by presence of unlabeled clones in autoradiographs of explanted cells incubated in [(3)H]hypoxanthine. Some mosaic individuals had mutant-strain cells in only one or a few tissues. Such animals may provide unique opportunities to identify the tissue sources of particular aspects of the complex disease syndrome. The tissue distribution of HPRT-deficient cells suggests that selection against them is particularly strong in blood of the mosaic mice, as is already known to be the case in human heterozygotes. This phenotypic parallelism supports the expectation that afflicted F(1) male mice that might be obtained from mutant germ cells can serve as a model of the human disease.
Securing frame communication in browsers (2009)

Many Web sites embed third-party content in frames, relying on the browser's security policy to protect against malicious content. However, frames provide insufficient isolation in browsers that let framed content navigate other frames. We evaluate existing frame navigation policies and advocate a stricter policy, which we deploy in the open-source browsers. In addition to preventing undesirable interactions, the browser's strict isolation policy also affects communication between cooperating frames. We therefore analyze two techniques for interframe communication between isolated frames. The first method, fragment identifier messaging, initially provides confidentiality without authentication, which we repair using concepts from a well-known network protocol. The second method, <code>postMessage</code>, initially provides authentication, but we discover an attack that breaches confidentiality. We propose improvements in the <code>postMessage</code> API to provide confidentiality; our proposal has been standardized and adopted in browser implementations.
An Ultrastructural Investigation of Spermatogenesis in the Holopelagic Polychaetes<i>Vanadis formosa</i>and<i>Krohnia lepidota</i>(Polychaeta: Alciopidae) (1989)

The earliest stages encountered were clusters of spermatogonial cells floating free in the coelom. Neither germinal epithelium nor definitive gonad was observed. Mitotic divisions of spermatogonial cells resulted in large coelomic clusters containing up to 800 cells each. Cells within these clusters were connected to neighboring cells via cytoplasmic bridges that were characterized by a dense collar around the cell membrane and by microtubules traversing the common cytoplasm between cells. Peripheral cells detached from large cell clusters and entered meiotic divisions in the coelom. Spermatid nuclei initially contained granular chromatin that became fibrillar and eventually electron opaque as nuclear elongation and condensation proceeded. The acrosome first appeared in the posterior cytoplasm as a proacrosomal vesicle with an associated Golgi complex. The plate-like proacrosome migrated toward the anterior end of the sperm and reached the apex prior to completion of nuclear condensation. The middlepiece contained 5-7 mitochondria in Vanadis formosa and 8-10 mitochondria in Krohnia lepidota. Two centrioles, perpendicular to each other, were located in the middlepiece with the proximal centriole residing in a shallow fossa at the base of the nucleus. The distal centriole was associated with a nine-spoke, branched anchoring apparatus at the posterior edge of the middlepiece. Sperm development and mature sperm ultrastructure were very similar in V. formosa and K. lepidota. The mature coelomic sperm of K. lepidota were longer than those of V. formosa (8.7 µm vs. 11.0 µm, nucleus + middlepiece). The posterior nuclear region of V. formosa sperm was irregular in shape while that of K. lepidota was symmetrical. A series of dense accessory "membranes" was observed between the nucleus and the plasmalemma of K. lepidota sperm but not in V. formosa. Stored sperm in female worms were observed in V. formosa but no female K. lepidota were available in this study. Sperm storage and elongated sperm structure in alciopid polychaetes may be related to the pelagic environment in which they live and the suspected infrequent encounters between individuals.
Advantages of optical modulators with InGaAlSa/InGaAlAs MQW structure (2002)

An optical modulator based on an InGaAlAs/InGaAlAs multiple quantum well (MQW) structure is demonstrated. The fabricated device had an extinction ratio 6 dB higher than that of a conventional InGaAsP-based device with similar chirp behaviour. The InGaAlAs MQW effectively improved the performance trade-off between the extinction ratio and chirping parameter.
The Life and Times of King Cotton (1957)

Journal Article The Life and Times of King Cotton. By David L. Cohn. (New York: Oxford University Press, 1956. x + 286 pp. Illustration and index. $5.00.) Get access Bennett H. Wall Bennett H. Wall University of Kentucky Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 44, Issue 3, December 1957, Pages 547–548, https://doi.org/10.2307/1887032 Published: 01 December 1957
Root nodule specific gene regulation: analysis of the soybean nodulin N23 gene promoter in heterologous symbiotic systems (1988)

The nodulin N23 gene promoter was analysed in transgenic plants using the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) coding sequence as a reporter. A 5' flanking region of less than 1 kb was sufficient for the organ-specific expression of a chimeric N23-CAT-3'lbc3 gene in root nodules formed on Lotus corniculatus and Trifolium repens after infection by their respective Rhizobium symbionts. Expression was regulated at the level of RNA in both species of transgenic plants. Promoter deletion analysis defined the 5' region required for high level expression and delimited two putative regulatory sequences involved in positive control of the N23 gene in L. corniculatus.
α‐Hydrazonocarbonsäureazide, I <b>Aliphatische α‐Hydrazonocarbonsäureazide</b> (1969)

Abstract Die Titelverbindungen 2 , 5a–c , 6a–e entstehen aus den entsprechenden α‐Hydrazonocarbonsäurehydraziden (1, 7a–c , 8a–e) durch Reaktion mit salpetriger Säure. Beide Substanzklassen treten in Z ‐ und E ‐Form auf. Die in der Hydrazono‐Gruppe unsubstituierten α‐Hydrazonocarbonsäurehydrazide (1, 8e) liegen bevorzugt in der Z ‐Form, die entsprechend substituierten Hydrazide (7a–c , 8a–d) überwiegend in der E ‐Form vor. Die aus den Z ‐Hydraziden entstehenden Z ‐Azide sind instabil und spalten Stickstoffwasserstoffsäure ab. Die aus den E ‐Hydraziden entstehenden E ‐Azide sind stabil, wandeln sich jedoch bei längerem Stehenlassen und gleichzeitiger Lichteinwirkung in die instabilen Z ‐Azide um. Beim Kochen der E ‐Azide in Toluol wird Stickstoff abgespalten und es bilden sich substituierte 1.2.4‐Triazolone‐(5) (15a–c , 16a– d) .
Uptake and metabolism of fatty acids by Soybean suspension cells (1977)

Soybean suspension cultures very rapidly take up C16 and C18 fatty acids by a nonspecific, nonenzymic binding of exogeneously added fatty acids to cell walls and by a subsequent transfer into the cell where they are rapidly incorporated into triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholines, and phosphatidylethanolamines. 14C-Palmitic and 14C-stearic acids follow this sequence but are not desaturated, wherease 14C-oleic and 14C-linoleic acids are transferred more rapidly than the saturated fatty acids and are then further modified. All the data fit a sequence of events by which free oleic acid is first activated to a CoA thioester, and then desaturated to linoleyl-CoA; both thioesters are then transferred to triacylglycerols, phosphatidylcholine, and phosphatidylethanolamine.
The Anomalous Hunsdiecker Reaction. II. The Scope of the Reaction<sup>1,2</sup> (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Anomalous Hunsdiecker Reaction. II. The Scope of the Reaction1,2JAMES W. WILT and JAMES L. FINNERTY S.J.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 7, 2173–2177Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01351a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01351a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimally reducing motion artifacts in plasma displays (2000)

Plasma Display Panels (PDPs) suffer from motion artifacts caused by the subfield driving method. Motion compensation helps to prevent motion blur and dynamic contouring artifacts. Our new algorithm for motion compensation is very regular, inherently avoids rounding errors, and outperforms the earlier methods. 1.
Estimating the quality of phonetic transcriptions and segmentations of speech signals (2002)

Our approach to the problem of evaluating segmentations and transcriptions of speech data is presented. We developed an automatic pattern-matching procedure that relates different manual or automatic segmentations to each other. The comparison of segmentations refers to the degree of identity concerning the chosen labels and of identity of segment boundaries. As we exemplify our evaluation method on the basis of automatic transcriptions of the Munich AUtomatic Segmentation System (MAUS) that is currently being developed at the IPSK (Kipp et al., 1996) our data also give information on the quality of the system's segmentation and transcription performance.
[Reliability and validity study of the Turkish version of functioning assessment short test in bipolar disorder]. (2012)

These results point out that the Turkish version of Functioning Assessment Short Test can used reliably and validly in bipolar patients.
Fracture detection in a carbonate reservoir using a variety of seismic methods (1999)

Abstract We combine various methods to estimate fracture orientation in a carbonate reservoir located in southwest Venezuela. The methods we apply include the 2-D rotation analysis of 2-D P-S data along three different azimuths, amplitude-variation-with-offset (AVO) of 2-D P-wave data along the same three azimuths, normal-moveout (NMO) analysis of the same 2-D data, and both 3-D azimuthal AVO and NMO analysis of 3-D P-wave data recorded in the same field. The results of all methods are compared against measures of fracture orientation obtained from Formation microScanner logs recorded at four different locations in the field, regional and local measures of maximum horizontal stress, and the alignment of the major faults that cross the field. P-S data yield fracture orientations that follow the regional trend of the maximum horizontal stress, and are consistent with fracture orientations measured in the wells around the carbonate reservoir. Azimuthal AVO analysis yields a similar regional trend as that obtained from the P-S data, but the resolution is lower. Local variations in fracture orientation derived from 3-D AVO show good correlation with local structural changes. In contrast, due to the influence of a variety of factors, including azimuthal anisotropy and lateral heterogeneity in the overburden, azimuthal NMO analysis over the 3-D P-wave data yields different orientations compared to those obtained by other methods. It is too early to say which particular method is more appropriate and reliable for fracture characterization. The answer will depend on factors that range from local geological conditions to additional costs for acquiring new information.
Synthetic carriers of oxygen. (1987)

During the last decade, construction of artificial carriers of oxygen for transfusion purposes has evolved in three main directions, which can be reviewed as follows. The first approach consists of modifying hemoglobin (Hb), the natural oxygen carrier, in order to lower its oxygen affinity and increase its intravascular persistence. To achieve this aim, two basic procedures have been used: molecular and environmental modification. In the first case, Hb is modified with chemical reagents; the second requires encapsulation of Hb to obtain artificial erythrocytes. The second approach is based on the use of synthetic oxygen-carrying chelates that mimic the oxygenation function of Hb. The main products in this class are metalloporphyrins, whose chemical environment is designed to render them efficient as reversible carriers of oxygen in vivo. Finally, the third approach deals with the perfluorochemicals used in emulsified form. Perfluorochemical liquids are excellent gas solvents, but some problems remain unsolved with regard to their development as oxygen carriers in vivo: low O2 dissolving capacity, toxicity, and excretion.
A policy-based security framework for Web-enabled applications (2003)

Large-scale Web-based applications comprise dynamic, extensible and interoperable collections of services, software components and information shared by various entities performing transactional tasks. In defining a general-purpose policy-based security framework, security policies for the confidentiality, integrity and availability of services and information need to be considered. In this paper, policies for authentication, access control, security management, identity administration and accountability are proposed. Implementation mechanisms and component-based generic security services for web-enabled applications are also discussed.
Amperometric-type NOx sensor based on YSZ electrolyte and La-based perovskite-type oxide sensing electrode (2010)

At present, lean-burn type engines or diesel engines for passenger cars have been developed and installed into automobiles to improve fuel efficiency. In these cases, NOx storage catalysts or selective catalytic reduction (SCR) systems are also installed for reducing NOx emission. In order to control these systems more efficiently, NOx sensor which responds selectively, quickly, and quantitatively are necessary. Here we focused on the NO direct decomposition function of La-based perovskite oxides. We applied them to a sensing electrode for the amperometric NOx sensor using yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ). La0.8Sr0.2MO3 (M = Co, Mn, Fe, Ni) powders were synthesized by means of spray pyrolysis method. Among four kinds of oxides studied, the sensor using La0.8Sr0.2MnO3-SE showed the highest sensitivity to NO2 as well as low base current even in the presence of excess O2 (21 vol%). The sensor also exhibited excellent NO2 selectivity at 500°C. The sensitivity was increased with an increase of NO2 concentration in an examined range between 50 to 800 ppm, and did not change in the examined O2 concentration range (5-21 vol%).
Localization Of Acoustic Sources Based On The Teager-Kaiser Energy Operator (2010)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Aalborg, Denmark, 2010
Additive manufacturing of Ku/K‐band waveguide filters: a comparative analysis among selective‐laser melting and stereo‐lithography (2017)

This study describes an experimental research activity on the manufacturing of passive waveguide components by means of two additive technologies, namely the selective‐laser melting and the stereo‐lithography processes. The former is a power‐bed fusion process, for which aluminium, titanium, and steel powders have been considered in this study. The latter is based on the photopolymerisation of a resin vat. This technology has been applied in conjunction with an acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene‐like polymer and a subsequent electrolytic copper plating for the metallisation of the internal channels. Wideband filters operating in Ku/K band have been developed as benchmarks, for which detailed comparisons between simulations and measurements are reported.
Fluorescent and radioactive solid phase dideoxy sequencing of per products in microtitre plates (1991)

In this paper we describe a rapid method for the direct generation of DNA sequencing templates from phage or bacteria. Sequencing of these PCR products can be performed by radioactive and fluorescent methods. The non-radioactive method has been used to sequence a total of approximately 100 kb of human DNA fragments generated by digestion with HpaII and subsequent cloning. The method depends on direct small scale amplification using a biotinylated primer, and the binding of the product to streptavidin coated magnetic beads. All the procedures are carried out in a microtitre plate thus facilitating the handling of large numbers of clones and has potential for automation.
Surface Diffusion Anomaly near a Substrate Phase Transition: H on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>W</mml:mi><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>100</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:math> (2002)

Using a linear optical diffraction method, we have experimentally studied the long predicted diffusion anomalous behavior for H/W(100) near the reconstructive phase transition of the W(100) substrate. This anomaly manifests itself in the form of a strong dip in the diffusion coefficient D at the transition temperature T(C). We interpret the strong reduction of D as a result of the diverging friction damping near the transition. The finite dip in D instead of a vanishing D at T(C) also demonstrates the importance of the non-Markovian (memory) deviation from the simple instantaneous damping picture.