gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anthrax vaccine design: strategies to achieve comprehensive protection against spore, bacillus, and toxin (2005)

The successful use of Bacillus anthracis as a lethal biological weapon has prompted renewed research interest in the development of more effective vaccines against anthrax. The disease consists of three critical components: spore, bacillus, and toxin, elimination of any of which confers at least partial protection against anthrax. Current remedies rely on postexposure antibiotics to eliminate bacilli and pre- and postexposure vaccination to target primarily toxins. Vaccines effective against toxin have been licensed for human use, but need improvement. Vaccines against bacilli have recently been developed by us and others. Whether effective vaccines will be developed against spores is still an open question. An ideal vaccine would confer simultaneous protection against spores, bacilli, and toxins. One step towards this goal is our dually active vaccine, designed to destroy both bacilli and toxin. Existing and potential strategies towards potent and effective anthrax vaccines are discussed in this review.
Multiple Object Tracking Using Particle Filters (2006)

I would like to thank my advisor, Dr. Manfred Huber, for endless excellent guid-ance in exploring different aspects of the problem. I would like to thank my committee members, Dr. Jean Gao and Dr. Gergely Zaruba for encouraging and giving invaluable advice. I also thank Dr. Christine Murray for taking the time to review my dissertation. I would like to thank my friends, Changhoon Lee, Kyungseo Park, Byoungyong Lee, Chulho Ahn, and all other member of the Robotics lab. A special thanks goes to my parents, my brother and friends, who have given me invaluable supports financially and spiritually. Finally, I would like to thank my beloved wife, Hyunkyung Kim and my son, Roy Jisung Ryu for their patience and love.
Lipopolysaccharide Induces Actin Reorganization and Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Pyk2 and Paxillin in Monocytes and Macrophages (2000)

The bacterial endotoxin LPS is a potent stimulator of monocyte and macrophage activation and induces adhesion of monocytes. Morphological changes in response to LPS have not been characterized in detail, however, nor have the signaling pathways mediating LPS-induced adhesion been elucidated. We have found that LPS rapidly induced adhesion and spreading of peripheral blood monocytes, and that this was inhibited by the Src family kinase inhibitor PP1 and the phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. LPS also stimulated actin reorganization, leading to the formation of filopodia, lamellipodia, and membrane ruffles in Bac1 mouse macrophages. Proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2 (Pyk2), a tyrosine kinase related to focal adhesion kinase, and paxillin, a cytoskeletal protein that interacts with Pyk2, were both tyrosine phosphorylated in response to LPS in monocytes and macrophages. Both tyrosine phosphorylation events were inhibited by PP1 and LY294002. Adhesion also stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of Pyk2 and paxillin in monocytes, and this was further enhanced by LPS. Finally, Pyk2 and paxillin colocalized within membrane ruffles in LPS-stimulated cells. These results indicate that LPS stimulation of monocytes and macrophages results in rapid morphological changes and suggest that Pyk2 and/or paxillin play a role in this response.
Pipeline Blockage Location by Strain Measurement Using an ROV (1995)

ABSTRACT The paper describes an ROV based inspection method for locating a blockage in a marine pipeline. The method measures changes in the hoop strain in the pipe corresponding to changes in the internal fluid pressure. The device latent applied for), converts radial extension or compression of the pipe into axial compression or tension respectively of a load cell. It allows the use of a high sensitivity axial strain sensing element to measure the hoop strain in the pipe. By pressurizing the pipe at positions upstream and downstream of the blockage and measuring the resulting hoop strain, the bounaimies of the blockage can be accurately defined. The device can be installed and recovered by ROK the signals being relayed to the surface via the ROV's umbilical. The method has been used successfully to locate and define the extent of a blockage in a deepwater oil flowline running from a satellite well system to a production platform, allowing the planning of eflective remedial action. i%e results of the strain measurements were found to be fully consistent with the contents of the pipe determined by subsequent sectioning. Key features of the hoop strain &vice include rugged design, high sensitivity, ease of attachment and recovery by ROV with the need for minimal cleaning and for access only to a sector of the pipe, typically Y4 the circumference. INTRODUCTION As exploration moves into colder, deeper waters and efforts are made to extend the recoverable resource using existing production facilities, wax dropout in marine pipelines is becoming more problematic. It has been encountered in the North Sea, in deepwater wells off Brazil and in other locations worldwide. The composition of crude oil is a complex mixture ofAlkanes (saturated hydrocarbons) ranging in molecular size from methane (MJV 16) to waxy solids (h4W &gt;100 & MP &gt;90 deg. C)Alkenes (unsaturated hydrocarbons)Aliphatic and Aromatic HydrocarbonsSulphure and Nhrogen CompoundsOther Fluids and Solids (water, grit, metals) The alkanes are the predominant fraction of most crude oils, the low molecular weight compounds up to C12 (petrol, diesel, kerosene) being the most valuable, Above C12, the alkanes become progressively less volatile and more viscous. Above Cl 6 (or C20 depending on the Authority) the Akanes are collectively called tariffs or waxes. Fields very enormously in their proportion of high molecular weight compounds and can even vary within the same well. As the molecular weight increases, the paraffin's tend to solidify by forming microcrystalline aggregates which precipitate out of the cnude oil. progressively Initially this solidification is held back by the presence of smaller alkanes which act as parting solvents. However, above C40, these aggregates grow in size and eventually settle onto the solid surfaces of flowlines, separators, tanks, etc. The down hole temperature in an oilwell can vary from near ambient (in shallow wells) to around 100 deg. C in deep wells. As the oil flows from the well it can cool gradually or rapidly depending on the presence of water.
Composition and Structure of Beet Necrotic Yellow Vein Virus (1977)

SUMMARY A French isolate of beet necrotic yellow vein virus has rod-shaped particles of four predominant lengths (85, 100, 265 and 390 nm), and a width of about 20 nm. Virus preparations yielded four nucleic acid components of apparent mol. wt. 2.3 × 106, 1.8 × 106, 0.7 × 106 and 0.6 × 106 respectively, and a single protein of mol. wt. 21000.
Inhibition of Histamine and SRS-A from Monkey Lung Tissue by Chlorophenesin (1971)

Summary Chlorophenesin completely inhibited allergen-reagin-induced histamine and SRS-A release from monkey lung tissue. Preliminary studies suggest that chlorophenesin mediates this inhibition by activating adenylcyclase.
Mg<sup>2+</sup>transport in sheep rumen epithelium: evidence for an electrodiffusive uptake mechanism (1999)

The potential difference (PD)-dependent component of transcellular Mg(2+) uptake in sheep rumen epithelium was studied. Unidirectional (28)Mg(2+) fluxes were measured at various transepithelial PD values, and the unidirectional mucosal-to-serosal (28)Mg(2+) flux (J(Mg)(ms)) was correlated with the PD across the apical membrane (PD(a)) determined by mucosal impalement with microelectrodes. PD(a) was found to be -54 +/- 5 mV, and J(Mg)(ms) was 65.9 +/- 13.8 nmol. cm(-2). h(-1) under short-circuit conditions. Hyperpolarization of the ruminal epithelium (blood-side positive) depolarized PD(a) and, most noticeably, decreased J(Mg)(ms). Further experiments were performed with cultured ruminal epithelial cells (REC). With the aid of the fluorescence probe mag-fura 2, we measured the intracellular free Mg(2+) concentration ([Mg(2+)](i)) of isolated REC under basal conditions at various extracellular Mg(2+) concentrations ([Mg(2+)](e)) and after alterations of the transmembrane voltage. Basal [Mg(2+)](i) was 0.54 +/- 0.08 mM. REC suspended in media with [Mg(2+)](e) between 0.5 and 7.5 mM showed an increase in [Mg(2+)](i) that was dependent on [Mg(2+)](e) and that exhibited a saturable component (Michaelis-Menten constant = 1.2 mM; maximum [Mg(2+)](i) = 1.26 mM). Membrane depolarization with high extracellular K(+) (40, 80, or 140 mM K(+)) and the K(+) channel blocker quinidine (50 and 100 microM ) resulted in a decrease in [Mg(2+)](i). On the other hand, hyperpolarization created by K(+) diffusion (intracellular K(+) concentration > extracellular K(+) concentration) in the presence of valinomycin induced a 15% increase in [Mg(2+)](i). None of the manipulations had any effect on intracellular Ca(2+) concentration and intracellular pH. The results support the assumption that the membrane potential acts as a principal driving force for Mg(2+) entry in REC and suggest that the pathway for this electrodiffusive Mg(2+) uptake across the luminal membrane is a channel or a carrier.
Peel-and-Stick: Fabricating Thin Film Solar Cell on Universal Substrates (2012)

Fabrication of thin-film solar cells (TFSCs) on substrates other than Si and glass has been challenging because these nonconventional substrates are not suitable for the current TFSC fabrication processes due to poor surface flatness and low tolerance to high temperature and chemical processing. Here, we report a new peel-and-stick process that circumvents these fabrication challenges by peeling off the fully fabricated TFSCs from the original Si wafer and attaching TFSCs to virtually any substrates regardless of materials, flatness and rigidness. With the peel-and-stick process, we integrated hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) TFSCs on paper, plastics, cell phone and building windows while maintaining the original 7.5% efficiency. The new peel-and-stick process enables further reduction of the cost and weight for TFSCs and endows TFSCs with flexibility and attachability for broader application areas. We believe that the peel-and-stick process can be applied to thin film electronics as well.
Front Vehicle Blind Spot Translucentization Based on Augmented Reality (2013)

This paper proposes a new vehicle blind spot elimination system which utilizes the on-board videos captured from other vehicles and the host vehicle. Such information is exchanged by WAVE/DSRC devices to achieve collaborative safety. The preceding vehicle which fully or partially blocks the field of view of the host vehicle could be translucentized in the video captured by the host vehicle and the driving environment of the front vehicle could be then visually checked by the host driver.
Computer Generated Holograms for Testing Optical Elements (1971)

The application of computer generated holograms to the interferometric testing of aspheric optical elements has been investigated, and it has been shown that they provide a convenient and practical method of producing an aspheric reference wavefront.
Phylogenetic analyses suggest multiple changes of substrate specificity within the Glycosyl hydrolase 20 family (2008)

This study represents the first detailed evolutionary analysis of the glycosyl hydrolase GH20 family. Mapping of data concerning physiological function of GH20 family members onto the phylogenetic tree reveals that apparently convergent and highly lineage specific changes in substrate specificity have occurred in multiple GH20 subfamilies.
System Review about Function Role of ESCC Driver Gene KDM6A by Network Biology Approach (2016)

Background. KDM6A (Lysine (K)-Specific Demethylase 6A) is the driver gene related to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). In order to provide more biological insights into KDM6A, in this paper, we treat PPI (protein-protein interaction) network derived from KDM6A as a conceptual framework and follow it to review its biological function. Method. We constructed a PPI network with Cytoscape software and performed clustering of network with Clust&See. Then, we evaluate the pathways, which are statistically involved in the network derived from KDM6A. Lastly, gene ontology analysis of clusters of genes in the network was conducted. Result. The network includes three clusters that consist of 74 nodes connected via 453 edges. Fifty-five pathways are statistically involved in the network and most of them are functionally related to the processes of cell cycle, gene expression, and carcinogenesis. The biology themes of clusters 1, 2, and 3 are chromatin modification, regulation of gene expression by transcription factor complex, and control of cell cycle, respectively. Conclusion. The PPI network presents a panoramic view which can facilitate for us to understand the function role of KDM6A. It is a helpful way by network approach to perform system review on a certain gene.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor resets baroreceptor reflexes in conscious dogs. (1981)

The present experiments investigate whether the absence of tachycardia during lowering of blood pressure (BP) with an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (CEI) in salt-depleted dogs is due to an alteration in the activity of the baroreflex. Baroreflex activity was measured after pharmacological manipulation of BP using intravenous nitroglycerin or phenylephrine, and the heart period (R-R interval) relative to the arterial pressure pulse was recorded. The slope of the relationship between BP and R-R interval is a measure of the sensitivity of the baroreceptor reflex and displacement of the line indicates a change in the setpoint of BP. On normal sodium diet, the sensitivity and setpoint of the baroreflex were unaltered by the nonapeptide CEI given both intravenously and into a lateral cerebral ventricle. During salt depletion. however, intravenously but not centrally administered CEI altered the setpoint of the baroreflex without modifying the sensitivity. The alteration in the setpoint that occurred following intravenous CEI in the salt-depleted dog could well account for the fact that the fall in BP induced by CEI does not cause reflex tachycardia. These results indicate that circulating but not brain angiotensin II is essential for the maintenance of baroreflex function during sodium depletion and provide further evidence for the important interactions between angiotensin and the autonomic nervous system.
Characterizing the synchronization behavior of parallel programs (1988)

Contention for synchronization locks and delays waiting for synchronization events can substantially increase the running time of a parallel program. This makes it important to characterize the synchronization behavior of programs and to provide analysis tools to aid both the hardware and software designer in evaluating design alternatives. This paper describes a tracing facility that is incorporated into a synchronization package. This facility provides a portable means to accurately and efficiently characterize parallel programs. The behavior of several applications has been monitored uncovering program characteristics that make it difficult to achieve linear speedup. Our monitoring facility allows a programmer to determine the performance implications of the synchronization structure he has used, and it allows the architect to evaluate various hardware support mechanisms.
Detergentless water/oil microemulsions composed of hexane, water, and 2-propanol. 2. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies, effect of added sodium chloride (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetergentless water/oil microemulsions composed of hexane, water, and 2-propanol. 2. Nuclear magnetic resonance studies, effect of added sodium chlorideBruce A. Keiser, David. Varie, Roland E. Barden, and Smith L. HoltCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1979, 83, 10, 1276–1280Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1979https://doi.org/10.1021/j100473a008RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views436Altmetric-Citations55LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (618 KB) Get e-Alerts
Highly-Stretchable Biomechanical Strain Sensor using Printed Liquid Metal Paste (2018)

Stretchable electronic circuits and systems will be critical for future wearable devices and smart textiles, where existing rigid and flexible fabrication approaches severely limit conformal deformation. This is especially true for wearable sensors and actuators, critical for emerging physical human-machine interfaces and stretchable electrical interconnects. In this work, we present a 3D-printed, highly-stretchable strain sensor that uses a modified liquid metal paste to provide high-strain conductors. This approach provides near-zero hysteresis compared with nanotube-based inks, and improved conductivity over carbon- and metal-based inks, both critical for integration of soft sensors with stretchable measurement circuitry. We present an approach for fabrication of the wearable sensors and demonstrate stable conductivity of the liquid metal paste with near-zero hysteresis over 375 cycles at 200% strain. The device is demonstrated for measurement of elbow flexion angle, providing proof-of-concept of the approach for biomechanical sensor applications and wearable human-machine interfaces.
Selective Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Transfer Hydrogenations of Nitriles to Amines with 2‐Butanol (2013)

Transfer your hydrogen: Fast and general transfer hydrogenation of nitriles to form primary amines is possible with a homogeneous Ru/1,4-bis(diphenylphosphino)butane (DPPB) catalyst (see scheme). The use of 2-butanol as the hydrogen-transfer reagent is essential for the selective reduction of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic nitriles with this system.
Clinical terminology - a world of possibilities (2007)

Australia is one of nine countries to have signed up as charter members of the International Health Terminology Standards Development Organisation. This allows Australian health care organisations to use the clinical terminology system SNOMED. (non-author abstract)
Toward An Efficient Framework For Designing, Developing, And Using Secure Mobile Applications (2009)

Nowadays, people are going more and more mobile, both in terms of devices and associated applications. Moreover, services that these devices are offering are getting wider and much more complex. Even though actual handheld devices have considerable computing power, their contexts of utilization are different. These contexts are affected by the availability of connection, high latency of wireless networks, battery life, size of the screen, on-screen or hard keyboard, etc. Consequently, development of mobile applications and their associated mobile Web services, if any, should follow a concise methodology so they will provide a high Quality of Service. The aim of this paper is to highlight and discuss main issues to consider when developing mobile applications and mobile Web services and then propose a framework that leads developers through different steps and modules toward development of efficient and secure mobile applications. First, different challenges in developing such applications are elicited and deeply discussed. Second, a development framework is presented with different modules addressing each of these challenges. Third, the paper presents an example of a mobile application, Eivom Cinema Guide, which benefits from following our development framework.
지배주식양도방식의 MA 협상과정을 구속하는 계약의 정당화와 그 한계 (2012)

M&A 거래가 행해지는 방식은 다양하고, 이러한 다양한 방식은 각 방식별로 그 거래가 행해지는 절차가 다르기 때문에, 그 과정을 통제하는 계약도 각각의 방식에서 다르게 취급되어야 한다. 대상회사 이사회가 합병을 통해 M&A를 진행하는 경우와 같이 M&A절차에서 대상회사의 이사회나 주주들이 관여하는 경우, 협상과정을 통제하는 계약에 대해서는 주주보호를 위한 회사법적 고려가 행해져야 한다. 하지만, 지배주식의 매각방식의 경우, 공개적 입찰방식을 채택하든 비공개협상방식을 채택하든 간에 대주주가 장외에서 특정 상대방에 대해 주식을 매각하는 절차를 택하기 때문에, 대상회사의 이사회나 주주총회가 관여하지 않는다. 따라서, 협상과정을 통제하는 계약에 대해 회사법적인 고려를 할 필요는 원칙적으로 없고, 상인인 매도인과 매수인 사이의 사적자치의 결과로 보면 된다. 즉, 비공개협상방식에서 대주주가 약속한 위약금은 매수 경쟁이 없어 잠재적 매수인을 유도하는 경우이든 매수희망자들이 경쟁하는 상황이든 관계없이 대주주가 가장 높은 매수가격을 유도할 수 있는 조종수단으로서 대주주의 최대이익을 위하여 작동한다. 따라서, 대주주가 완전한 lockup을 부여한 경우에도, 이것은 대주주가 협상력이 없는 상항에서 가장 높은 가격을 얻기 위해 협상한 최적의 결과이기 때문에 그 유효성은 부정되지 않아야 한다. 마찬가지로 공개입찰방식에서 매수인이 약속한 이행보증금은 매도인의 입찰준비비용을 보호하기 위한 장치로서 그 효력이 긍정되어야 한다. 만약 매수인이 그 효력을 부정한다면 매도인은 공개입찰방식 대신 비공개협상방식을 채택할 것이고, 그 결과 매수인은 비공개방식에서 탐색비용을 부담해야 할 것이다.
Attention region based rate control algorithm for 3DVC depth map coding (2016)

This paper proposes an algorithm that can adjust the essential quality for different ROI and further control the bit rate. We select three characteristics for classification, namely foreground, the edges of objects, and dynamic region as the interesting area of eyes. In the region of high interest, we will give a smaller quantization parameter to achieve a better image quality; on the contrary, in the region of low interest, we then give a larger quantization parameter to reduce the amount of data. According to our last experimental results, our scenes would been correctly classified out, which was decreased by 10% and 5% of the bit-rate in comparison with the bit-rates of 3DVC reference software ATM6.0 and the references in bit-rate control.
A Comparison of Nasal Cytology with Sinus X-Rays for the Diagnosis of Sinusitis (1988)

A prospective comparison of nasal cytology with sinus x-rays in 55 patients (35 children and 20 adults) with suspected sinusitis was performed. A sample of the nasal mucosa from the inferior turbinate was obtained with a Rhinoprobe, fixed, and stained with modified Wright-Giemsa. The radiologist and the cytologist were unaware of each other's findings. The x-ray report was considered positive if there was mucoperiosteal thickening, asymmetry, opacification, or air-fluid levels. The cytology report was positive if there was greater than 1 neutrophil per high power field with bacteria present. There was a 79% correlation between the sinus x-rays and nasal cytology reports. Specificity was 0.79 and sensitivity 0.79. When the cytology report was positive with greater than 6 neutrophils per high power field, the x-ray was positive 90% of the time. Two sinus x-rays were uninterpretable by the radiologists. These data indicate that nasal cytology is a safe, noninvasive and useful adjunct in the diagnosis of sinusitis in both adults and children.
Anemia and blood transfusion in a surgical intensive care unit (2010)

In this group of surgical ICU patients, anemia was common and was associated with higher morbidity and mortality. Higher hemoglobin concentrations and receipt of a blood transfusion were independently associated with a lower risk of in-hospital death. Randomized control studies are warranted to confirm the potential benefit of blood transfusions in these subpopulations.