gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specificity of streptolysin O in cytolysin‐mediated translocation (2004)

Cytolysin-mediated translocation (CMT) is a recently described process in the Gram-positive pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes that translocates an effector protein of streptococcal origin into the cytoplasm of a host cell. At least two proteins participate in CMT, the pore-forming molecule streptolysin O (SLO) and an effector protein with the characteristics of a signal transduction protein, the Streptococcus pyogenes NAD-glycohydrolase (SPN). In order to begin to elucidate the molecular details of the translocation process, we examined whether perfringolysin O (PFO), a pore-forming protein related to SLO, could substitute for SLO in the translocation of SPN. When expressed by S. pyogenes, PFO, like SLO, had the ability to form functional pores in keratinocyte membranes. However, unlike SLO, PFO was not competent for translocation of SPN across the host cell membrane. Thus, pore formation by itself was not sufficient to promote CMT, suggesting that an additional feature of SLO was required. This conclusion was supported by the construction of a series of mutations in SLO that uncoupled pore formation and competence for CMT. These mutations defined a domain in SLO that was dispensable for pore formation, but was essential for CMT. However, introduction of this domain into PFO did not render PFO competent for CMT, implying that an additional domain of SLO is also critical for translocation. Taken together, these data indicate that SLO plays an active role in the translocation process that extends beyond that of a passive pore.
Principles of Mononucleating and Binucleating Ligand Design (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrinciples of Mononucleating and Binucleating Ligand DesignAnna L. Gavrilova and Brice BosnichView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The University of Chicago, 5735 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60637 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 2, 349–384Publication Date (Web):January 20, 2004Publication History Received30 May 2003Published online20 January 2004Published inissue 1 February 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr020604ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr020604gresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6309Altmetric-Citations476LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Bimetals,Crystal structure,Ligands,Mathematical methods,Metals Get e-Alerts
International Accounting: Harmony or Disharmony (1974)

This publication contains reprint articles for which IEEE does not hold copyright. Full text is not available on IEEE Xplore for these articles.
Universal Hard-label Black-Box Perturbations: Breaking Security-Through-Obscurity Defenses (2018)

We study the problem of finding a universal (image-agnostic) perturbation to fool machine learning (ML) classifiers (e.g., neural nets, decision tress) in the hard-label black-box setting. Recent work in adversarial ML in the white-box setting (model parameters are known) has shown that many state-of-the-art image classifiers are vulnerable to universal adversarial perturbations: a fixed human-imperceptible perturbation that, when added to any image, causes it to be misclassified with high probability Kurakin et al. [2016], Szegedy et al. [2013], Chen et al. [2017a], Carlini and Wagner [2017]. This paper considers a more practical and challenging problem of finding such universal perturbations in an obscure (or black-box) setting. More specifically, we use zeroth order optimization algorithms to find such a universal adversarial perturbation when no model information is revealed-except that the attacker can make queries to probe the classifier. We further relax the assumption that the output of a query is continuous valued confidence scores for all the classes and consider the case where the output is a hard-label decision. Surprisingly, we found that even in these extremely obscure regimes, state-of-the-art ML classifiers can be fooled with a very high probability just by adding a single human-imperceptible image perturbation to any natural image. The surprising existence of universal perturbations in a hard-label black-box setting raises serious security concerns with the existence of a universal noise vector that adversaries can possibly exploit to break a classifier on most natural images.
Blastocyst formation and hatching in vitro following zona drilling of mouse and human embryos (1989)

Hatching in vitro was studied following zona drilling of 507 two-cell mouse embryos using three methods: 1) acidic Tyrode's (AT), 2) partial zona dissection (PZD) using a sharp microneedle, and 3) zona chiseling (CH), using a large beveled needle. PZD and CH were performed while the embryos were kept in a sucrose/PBS solution. Hatching was compared to 191 unmicromanipulated controls. The incidences of cavitation and completion of hatching did not differ between groups, however more micromanipulated embryos (20-25%) hatched partially than controls (9%). The zona pellucida thinned in 59/59 (100%) control blastocysts during expansion, but in only 3/205 (2%) micromanipulated blastocysts. The hatching gap was wide in all control embryos, but smaller in 96/129 (75%) micromanipulated embryos. Partially hatched blastocysts with a "figure-8" shape were found in 59/129 (46%) micromanipulated embryos and in none of the 39 hatching controls. Hatching usually occurred a day earlier in micromanipulated embryos as 214/218 (98%) had started extruding on day 5 as compared to 20/59 (27%) control blastocysts. Fifty percent of 1-day-old human oocytes were fertilized following PZD and reinsemination and 15/31 (48%) were monospermic. Thirteen monospermic embryos cleaved, six compacted and four cavitated--of these, three extruded through the PZD incision upon expansion. The zonae did not thin and one blastocyst twinned spontaneously as it was caught between the thick ridges of the PZD hole. Results indicate that the hatching process is abnormal following zona drilling; more embryos start hatching, extrusion occurs earlier, and many become trapped which may lead to artificial twinning or the formation of trophoblastic vesicles.
Guest Binding Drives Reversible Atropisomerism in Cavitand Hosts (2009)

Guest-love-ometer: The equilibrium inside-outside atropisomeric ratio of ortho-substituted phenyl cavitands shows a strong solvent dependence. The competition between the ortho-substituent and the solvent guest for the bowl cavity leads to a sensitive system for the measurement of relative guest binding affinities.
New approach to projection-electron lithography with demonstrated 0.1 μm linewidth (1990)

We present a new approach to projection-electron lithography which allows sub-0.1 μm resolution to be achieved with short exposure times and a parallel illumination system. We have printed a grating pattern into PMMA with 0.1 μm linewidths. Our new technique consists of using an angularly limiting filter which differentiates electrons that have traversed a transparent mask in terms of the degree of scattering between the patterned and unpatterned regions.
Mining usage data for adaptive personalisation of smartphone based help-on-demand services (2013)

Mobile computing devices and their applications that encompass context aware components are becoming increasingly more prevalent. The context-awareness of these types of applications typically focuses on the services offered. In this paper we describe a framework that supports the monitoring and analysis of mobile application usage patterns with the goal of updating user models for adaptive services and user interface personalisation. This paper focuses on two aspects of the framework. The first is the modelling and storage of the usage data. The second focuses on the data mining component of the framework, outlining the five different capabilities of the adaptation in addition to the algorithms used. The proposed framework has been evaluated through specific case studies, with the results attained demonstrating the effectiveness of the data mining capabilities and in particular the adaptation of the User Interface. The accuracy and efficiency of the algorithms used are also evaluated with three users. The results of the evaluation show that the aims of the data mining component were achieved with the personalisation and adaptation of content and user interface, respectively.
Progress in the growth of mid-infrared InAsSb emitters by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (1998)

The authors report on recent progress and improvements in the metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) of mid-infrared InAsSb emitters using a high speed rotating disk reactor (RDR). The devices contain AlAsSb claddings and strained InAsSb active regions. These emitters have multi-stage, type 1, InAsSb/InAsP quantum well active regions. A semi-metal GaAsSb/InAs layer acts as an internal electron source for the multistage injection lasers and AlAsSb is the electron confinement layer. These structures are the first MOCVD multi-stage devices. Growth in an RDR was necessary to avoid the previously observed Al memory effects found in a horizontal reactor. Broadband LED`s produced 2 mW average power at 3.7 {micro}m and 80 K and 0.1 mW at 4.3 {micro}m and 300 K. a multi-stage, 3.8--3.9 {micro}m laser structure operated up to T = 180 K. At 80 K, peak-power > 100 mW/facet and a high slope efficiency (48%) were observed in these gain guided lasers.
Improving the Reactive Power Capability of the DFIG-Based Wind Turbine During Operation Around the Synchronous Speed (2013)

The doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) equipped with self-commutated insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) voltage source converter (VSC) is one of the most popular topologies used in wind power systems. It has the ability to control active and reactive power independently. The reactive power capability is subject to several limitations which change with the operating point. Around synchronous operating point, a special attention is needed since the limitation of maximum junction temperature of the IGBTs cause a reduction on maximum permissible output current at the rotor side. This paper investigates the thermal behavior of the converter using semiconductor losses and thermal model based on the IGBT manufacturer datasheet. Different pulse-width modulation (PWM) types, including continuous and discontinuous types are applied and the results of reactive power capability are compared. Simulation results show that appropriate selection of PWM type is necessary at around synchronous speed to increase the maximum permissible rotor current as well as reactive power capability.
Murine cerebellar neurons express a novel gene encoding a protein related to cell cycle control and cell fate determination proteins (1994)

We cloned cDNAs of a novel protein (designated V-1) that has been identified from among the developmentally regulated proteins in the rat cerebellum. Protein sequencing analysis (Taoka, M., Yamakuni, T., Song, S.-Y., Yamakawa, Y., Seta, K., Okuyama, T., and Isobe, T. (1992) Eur. J. Biochem. 207, 615-620) and cDNA sequence analysis revealed that the V-1 protein consists of 117 amino acids and contains 2.5 contiguous repeats of the cdc10/SWI6 motif, which was originally found in the products of the cell cycle control genes of yeasts and the cell fate determination genes in Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans. In situ hybridization histochemistry revealed that the expression of the V-1 gene is transiently increased in postmigratory granule cells during postnatal rat cerebellar development and thereafter is markedly suppressed, whereas Purkinje cells constitutively express V-1 mRNA. In contrast, cerebellar granule cells of the staggerer mutant mouse continue to express the V-1 gene even when the granule cells of the normal mouse have ceased to express the V-1 gene, suggesting that the expression of the V-1 gene in granule cells is regulated through the interaction with Purkinje cells. On the basis of these results, we postulate that the V-1 protein has a potential role in the differentiation of granule cells.
<i>In vivo</i> gene delivery to tumor cells by transferrin‐streptavidin‐DNA conjugate (2000)

To target disseminated tumors in vivo, transgenes [beta-galactosidase gene, green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene, herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK)] were conjugated to transferrin (Tf) by a biotin-streptavidin bridging, which is stoichiometrically controllable, and Tf receptor (Tf-R) affinity chromatography, which selects Tf conjugates with intact receptor bindings sites from reacting with the linker. Tf-beta-galactosidase plasmid conjugate thus constructed was specifically transfected to human erythroleukemia cells (K562) via Tf-R without the aid of any lysosomotropic agents. The transfection efficiency of the conjugate was superior to those of lipofection (1% staining) and retroviral vector (5%) and slightly lower than that of adenovirus (70%). The high level of expression with our conjugate was confirmed using other tumor cells (M7609, TMK-1) whereas in normal diploid cells (HEL), which express low levels of Tf-R, expression was negligible. When GFP gene conjugates were systemically administered through the tail vein to nude mice subcutaneously inoculated with tumor, expression of GFP mRNA was found almost exclusively in tumors and to a much lesser extent in muscles, whereas GFP revealed by fluorescence microscopy was detected only in the former. To exploit a therapeutic applicability of this method, suicide gene therapy using Tf-HSV-TK gene conjugate for massively metastasized k562 tumors in severe combined immune-deficient mice was conducted, and a marked prolongation of survival and significant reduction of tumor burden were confirmed. Thus, this method could also be used for gene therapy to disseminated tumors.
A 60GHz-band 2&#x00D7;2 phased-array transmitter in 65nm CMOS (2010)

A 60 GHz-band 2×2 phased-array transmitter with independent tuning of vertical and horizontal polarizations is implemented in 65 nm bulk CMOS. Two-dimensional phase tuning via LO phase shifting is implemented in a transmitter that adopts zero-IF upconversion with dynamic DC biasing to minimize LO feedthrough. The 2.9×1.4 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> chip consumes a total of 590 mW from a 1 V supply when driving all 4 channels at a maximum saturated output of 11 dBm with 20 dB gain per transmitter.
Status of FEP encapsulated solar cell modules used in terrestrial applications (1974)

The Lewis Research Center has been engaged in transferring the FEP encapsulated solar cell technology developed for the space program to terrestrial applications. FEP encapsulated solar cell modules and arrays were designed and built expressly for terrestrial applications. Solar cell power systems were installed at three different land sites, while individual modules are undergoing marine environment tests. Four additional power systems are being completed for installation during the summer of 1974. These tests have revealed some minor problems which have been corrected. The results confirm the inherent utility of FEP encapsulated terrestrial solar cell systems.
Mobilising Civilian America (1940)

Mobilising Civilian America * Mobilising Civilian America. By Tobin Harold J. and Bidwell Percy W.. 1940. (New York: Council on Foreign Relations. 8vo. xi + 276 pp. $2.75.) Cohen C. Waley Cohen C. Waley Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar International Affairs Review Supplement, Volume 19, Issue 2, October 1940, Page 150, https://doi.org/10.2307/3025703 Published: 01 October 1940
Majumdar, Margaret A. (ed.), <i>Francophone Studies. The Essential Glossary</i>. London: Arnold, 2002, xxiii + 280 pp. 0 340 80697 4 (2003)

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AN INSTANCE OF CORONARY EMBOLISM IN SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITIS (1942)

Case Reports1 February 1942AN INSTANCE OF CORONARY EMBOLISM IN SUBACUTE BACTERIAL ENDOCARDITISHARRY PARKS, M.D.HARRY PARKS, M.D.Author, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-16-2-339 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptIn recent literature on heart disease coronary thrombosis has occupied an increasingly important part of discussions on cardiac infarction. On the other hand, embolism of the coronary arteries with resultant cardiac infarction is infrequently mentioned. Up to 1933 Saphir1was able to find only 11 proved cases of this type, and to these he added three. During the last six years additional cases have been reported by Böger and Paradi,2Hoseason,3and by Cobo, Quirno, and del Rio.4The rare occurrence of coronary embolism is usually attributed to the anatomical situation of the coronary arteries. These vessels leave the aorta...References1. SAPHIR O: Coronary embolism, Am. Heart Jr., 1933, viii, 312-322. CrossrefGoogle Scholar2. BÖGERPARADI AGW: Coronarembolie, Klin. Wchnschr., 1934, xiii, 724-726. CrossrefGoogle Scholar3. HOSEASON AS: Coronary embolism, Lancet, 1935, i, 928-930. CrossrefGoogle Scholar4. COBOQUIRNODEL RIO JLNJG: Case of occlusion of right coronary artery due to embolism, importance of breast-shoulder lead (Lead IV) for exact diagnosis of occlusion, Rev. argent. de cardiol., 1935, ii, 248-263. Google Scholar5. VIRCHOW R: Ueber capilläre Embolie, Virchow's Arch. f. oath. Anat., 1856, ix, 307. CrossrefGoogle Scholar6. FITZ R: A case of angina pectoris with cardiac infarct induced by the intravenous injection of sodium tetraiodophenolphthalein, and followed by relief of anginal symptoms, Trans. Assoc. Am. Phys., 1928, xliii, 292. Google Scholar7. WOODWOLFERTH FCCC: Angina pectoris. The clinical and electrocardiographic phenomena of the attack and their comparison with effects of experimental coronary occlusion, Arch. Int. Med., 1931, xlvii, 339. CrossrefGoogle Scholar8. STEINBERG CL: The prognosis of coronary thrombosis based on the non-protein nitrogen in the blood, Jr. Lab. and Clin. Med., 1934, xx, 279-287. Google Scholar9. JEGHERSBAKST HHJ: The syndrome of extrarenal azotemia, ANN. INT. MED., 1938, xi, 1861-1899. Google Scholar This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Atlanta, Georgia*Received for publication December 9, 1939.From the Robert Dawson Evans Memorial for Clinical Research and Preventive Medicine, Boston. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byCoronary embolismCoronary Embolism: Review of the Literature and Report of a Unique Case 1 February 1942Volume 16, Issue 2Page: 339-349KeywordsAortaCardiovascular therapyCoronary arteriesCoronary heart diseaseEndocarditisHeart diseasesInfarctionPreventive medicineThrombosis ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 February 1942 PDF downloadLoading ...
The Gonadotropic Function of Insulin* (1987)

We have reviewed the role of insulin in ovarian physiology. Clinical observations and experimental data strongly support the hypothesis that insulin possesses gonadotropic activity, when acting alone or with FSH or LH. This idea is further supported by the recent discovery of insulin in follicular fluid. The idea that insulin has gonadotropic function can explain a variety of clinical observations, which otherwise are difficult to understand. For example, manifestations of ovarian hypofunction (primary amenorrhea, late menarche, anovulation, low pregnancy rate, and early menopause) in IDDM can be understood if it is accepted that insulin is necessary for the ovary to reach its full steroidogenic potential. The idea that insulin affects ovarian steroidogenesis also helps to understand the observation that hyperandrogenism frequently accompanies each of the various insulin-resistant states, regardless of the latter's etiology (e.g. genetic deficiency in the number of insulin receptors, antiinsulin receptor antibodies, obesity, etc.). The explanation for this association is based on the idea that hyperinsulinemia intensifies ovarian steroidogenesis, which manifests clinically as hyperandrogenism. Continuous stimulation of the ovary by insulin over a long period of time possibly produces morphological ovarian changes, such as hyperthecosis or polycystic changes; these changes commonly are observed among women with insulin resistance. The effects of insulin on ovarian cells are mediated possibly through binding of the peptide to its own receptor or to the IGF-1 receptor (the specificity spillover phenomenon). The latter could be an important mechanism in cases of insulin resistance. Potential mechanisms underlying the gonadotropic activity of insulin include direct effects on steroidogenic enzymes, modulation of FSH or LH receptor number, synergism with FSH or LH, or nonspecific enhancement of cell viability. The gonadotropic function of insulin adds yet another note to what has been termed a symphony of insulin action. Further investigation into this new area may yield greater insights not only into normal ovarian physiology, but also into the pathogeneses of such diverse entities as PCO, obesity, diabetes mellitus, and the syndromes of insulin resistance and acanthosis nigricans.
Cross-polarization modulation effects in long semiconductor optical amplifiers (2007)

The aim of the present work is to present an analysis of the impact of Semiconductor Optical Amplifier length variation on the cross-polarization modulation (XPolM) effect in the structure. This nonlinear behavior, which is exploited to assure high speed devices and various applications for the high bit rate optical networks, is investigated referring to numerical simulations based on Stokes parameters measurement. Consequently, it is shown that the azimuth and the ellipticity parameters at the output undergo changes by varying the input polarization, bias current and obviously the SOA length which plays an important role in the gain dynamics of the structure.
Cycloalkanoylcontaining Mesogens (1990)

Abstract A number of cyclohexyl- and cyclopentyl-containing mesogens with a bridge group that is a trigonal or tetrahedral carbon atom were synthesized and examined for their properties.