gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principal Components Analysis Preprocessing to Reduce Controller Delays in Pattern Recognition Based Myoelectric Control (2007)

Information extracted from signals recorded from multi-channel surface myoelectric signal (MES) recording sites can be used as inputs to control systems for powered prostheses. For small, closely spaced muscles, such as the muscles in the forearm, the detected MES often contains contributions from more than one muscle; the contribution from each specific muscle being modified by a tissue filter between the muscle and the detection points. In this work, the measured raw MES signals are rotated by class specific rotation matrices to spatially decorrelate the measured data prior to feature extraction. This tunes the pattern recognition classifier to better discriminate the test motions. Using this preprocessing step, MES analysis windows may be cut from 256 ms to 128 ms without affecting the classification accuracy.
A method of constructing pairwise comparison matrix in decision making (2002)

As a way of scoring human's subjectivity, the pairwise comparison technique has been widely used. This paper proposes a method of constructing the pairwise comparison matrix in the decision-making problems. The "forced consistency" technique in which the decision-maker gives only independent entries, is utilized to avoid considerable labor and time for giving data. In fact, the labor to give pairwise comparison entries increases extraordinary as increasing the number of evaluation items. Furthermore, as the entries (except independent entries) are given by the calculation, there exist no numerical inconsistencies for the entries. In the paper, an effective way of extracting decision-maker's will on the independent data is discussed.
Auditory filter characteristics and consonant recognition for hearing-impaired listeners (1989)

To examine the association between frequency resolution and speech recognition, auditory filter parameters and stop-consonant recognition were determined for 9 normal-hearing and 24 hearing-impaired subjects. In an earlier investigation, the relationship between stop-consonant recognition and the articulation index (AI) had been established on normal-hearing listeners. Based on AI predictions, speech-presentation levels for each subject in this experiment were selected to obtain a wide range of recognition scores. This strategy provides a method of interpreting speech-recognition performance among listeners who vary in magnitude and configuration of hearing loss by assuming that conditions which yield equal audible spectra will result in equivalent performance. It was reasoned that an association between frequency resolution and consonant recognition may be more appropriately estimated if hearing-impaired listeners' performance was measured under conditions that assured equivalent audibility of the speech stimuli. Derived auditory filter parameters indicated that filter widths and dynamic ranges were strongly associated with threshold. Stop-consonant recognition scores for most hearing-impaired listeners were not significantly poorer than predicted by the AI model. Furthermore, differences between observed recognition scores and those predicted by the AI were not associated with auditory filter characteristics, suggesting that frequency resolution and speech recognition may appear to be associated primarily because both are degraded by threshold elevation.
Specificity and efficiency of editing of mismatches involved in the formation of base-substitution mutations by the 3'----5' exonuclease activity of phage T4 DNA polymerase. (1987)

The specificity and efficiency of base-mispair editing by the 3'----5' exonuclease activity of phage T4 DNA polymerase has been measured using a sensitive infectivity assay. A series of oligodeoxynucleotide primer chains was synthesized chemically. These primers, when hybridized to phi X174 single-stranded DNAs containing an amber codon, result in a mispaired nucleotide at the 3'-hydroxyl end of the primer chain within the amber codon. DNA synthesis on these primer X templates without the removal of the mispaired terminal nucleotide results in the formation of heteroduplex molecules that yield viable revertants upon transfection into an amber nonsuppressor host. This method permits determination of the efficiency of editing of a mismatch to 1 in 10(6) mismatches that escape editing and allows all eight mispairs that can yield viable revertants at an amber codon to be studied. The results of experiments with primers hybridizing to phi X174 am16 and am3 codons show that the order of mispair editing by T4 DNA polymerase is Ttemplate X Gprimer less than (A X G, T X C) less than (T X T, G X A, G X G, A X C) less than A X A. The efficiency of editing depends upon the mispair, as well as the neighboring DNA sequence. Under these conditions of synthesis, the 3'----5' exonuclease activity, depending upon the mispair and DNA sequences beyond the nearest neighbors, is estimated to contribute a factor of from 2.3 X 10(3)- to greater than 10(6)-fold to the accuracy of T4 DNA polymerase.
Chopper stabilized CMOS integrated front-end for magnetic field measurement (2006)

This paper presents an analogue front-end dedicated to magnetic field measurement that is intended to be used in a mixed signal submicron CMOS microsystem. The front-end features a Hall device and its biasing circuitry both associated to a nested chopper-like structure. This system efficiently removes 1/f noise and reduces offset. The biasing amplifier is chopped at a frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> in order to ensure steady ground referencing to the Hall device. This latter is operated using the spinning current technique at a frequency f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s </sub> = f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> /2. Sensitivities of 90 V/AT and resolutions of about 15 muT over a 1.6 kHz bandwidth extending from 5 to 1.6 kHz have been measured
Drug Transport Across the Blood-Brain Barrier and the Impact of Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (ABCG2) (2009)

With the discovery of novel therapeutic targets within the central nervous system (CNS), there has been a significant effort to synthesize a multitude of drug molecules with increasing potency and selectivity. However, the impact of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) in limiting effective concentrations of drug candidate from reaching the brain parenchyma is often ignored, resulting in a lack of efficacy when administered to animal models or humans. Intercellular drug transport across the BBB is negligible due to the impermeable tight junctions formed by interconnecting endothelial cells. Furthermore, drug permeability via the transcellular route cannot be assumed for all molecules due to the high expression of drug efflux transport proteins, which effectively extrude compounds from the brain endothelial cell back into the cerebral vasculature. In addition to the extensively-studied P-glycoprotein (P-gp, ABCB1), the brain endothelial cells also express multidrug resistance associated proteins (MRP, ABCC) and breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP, ABCG2), amongst other efflux transporters. While more research has focussed on the impact of P-gp and MRP on drug transport across the BBB, the role of ABCG2 in limiting exposure of drug molecules to the CNS is now becoming more clearly understood. The purpose of this review, therefore, is to summarise the findings of the various studies assessing the expression profile of ABCG2 at the BBB, to provide an overview on the current research being undertaken to identify specific ABCG2 inhibitors with therapeutic benefit, and to critically assess the functional role of ABCG2 on drug transport across the BBB.
Template Electrosynthesis of High-Performance Graphene Microengines (2015)

Template-prepared graphene/Pt and graphene/Au tubular microengines, with extremely high electrocatalytic activity and propulsion efficiency, are described. The new bubble-propelled graphene/metal micromotors are synthesized rapidly and inexpensively by the direct electrodeposition of graphene oxide (GO) within the conical pores of a polycarbonate template membrane followed by deposition of the inner metal layer. The presence of high number of edges and defects in the graphene layer results in highly reactive microporous Pt or Au catalytic structures. The high catalytic activity leads to an ultrafast bubble propulsion (as high as 170 body lengths/sec) and operation at extremely low levels (0.1%) of the peroxide fuel. The effect of such dramatically enhanced catalytic surface area on the bubble growth and motor speed has been theoretically modeled. The template-prepared graphene-based microengines display distinct moving trajectories, along with long microbubble tails. The fast catalytic locomotion and attractive performance of the new graphene/Pt micromotors hold considerable promise for diverse applications.
A Second-Order All-Digital Phase-Locked Loop (1974)

A simple second-order digital phase-locked loop has been designed to synchronize itself to a square-wave subcarrier. Analysis and experimental performance are given for both acquisition behavior and steady-state phase error performance. In addition, the damping factor and the noise bandwidth are derived analytically. Although all the data are given for the square-wave subcarrier case, the results are applicable to arbitrary subcarriers that are odd symmetric about their transition region.
High dynamic range image acquisition using multiple images with different apertures (2012)

The authors propose a method to obtain a high dynamic range (HDR) image from multiple images with different exposure. Unlike conventional methods that use multiple images with different shutter speeds, the proposed method takes multiple images with identical and short shutter speeds but with different apertures. Consequently, the input low dynamic range image is less affected by scene change, while it has undesirable defocus blur due to different depth of field. In order to mitigate defocus blur of input images with larger apertures, we estimate the defocus map of each input image and use it as the spatially variant point spread function to deblur the image. Then, we extract the weight maps of input images, which are used to combine them to synthesize an HDR image. Our experimental results show that the proposed algorithm produces high-quality HDR images using a small number (typically three) of input images.
Importance of preanalytical handling of samples for measurement of cardiac troponin T in coronary effluent from isolated rat hearts (2002)

The isolated, buffer-perfused heart is probably the most widely used model in experimental heart research, and the coronary effluent is often analysed for markers of myocardial injury. Adsorption to surrounding materials may be a serious problem of protein measurements in solutions with low protein concentrations. The aims of the present study were to investigate the importance of the preanalytical phase when measuring cardiac troponin T (cTnT) in a buffer perfusate and to investigate whether addition of albumin to the effluent might increase recovery of cTnT and improve the assay. Coronary effluent was collected in tubes of different materials and in tubes with 40 g/L bovine albumin, and then frozen. cTnT was analysed at different time points after withdrawal from the freezer. cTnT was 2.3-119 times higher in effluent with albumin. In effluent without albumin, cTnT concentration declined to 2% of the initial concentration after two episodes of freezing and thawing. The cTnT loss could not be prevented by using polystyrene or siliconized glass, but was partially inhibited in effluent with albumin. Furthermore, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase levels were higher in effluent with albumin. The within-series coefficient of variation for cTnT was markedly improved when using effluent with albumin.
Autologous Fibrin Tissue Adhesive for Peripheral Nerve Anastomosis (1987)

The sciatic nerve in rabbits was exposed, transected, and repaired using either of two methods. The experimental group had an autologous fibrin-based adhesive repair. The control group had conventional perineural suturing. The autologous tissue glue is similar in composition, handling, and performance to the commercially available European product Tisseel. It can be prepared quickly without sophisticated equipment or expense. Autologous glue obviates the risk of transmissible disease that has precluded approval of the commercial product for use in the United States. The glued anastomosis can be performed with accurate apposition and minimal trauma to the nerve. By making a fibrin cocoon, the anastomosis can be insulated. This provides some of the benefits of sheathed anastomosis while minimizing foreign body reaction. Functional evaluation and histologic results comparing the amount of anastomotic fibrosis, axonal regeneration, and alignment of fascicles showed glue to be as good as, if not superior to, conventional suture technique.
Low-Power Programmable Gain CMOS Distributed LNA (2006)

A design methodology for low power MOS distributed amplifiers (DAs) is presented. The bias point of the MOS devices is optimized so that the DA can be used as a low-noise amplifier (LNA) in broadband applications. A prototype 9-mW LNA with programmable gain was implemented in a 0.18-/spl mu/m CMOS process. The LNA provides a flat gain, S/sub 21/, of 8 /spl plusmn/ 0.6dB from DC to 6.2 GHz, with an input impedance match, S/sub 11/, of -16 dB and an output impedance match, S/sub 22/, of -10 dB over the entire band. The 3-dB bandwidth of the distributed amplifier is 7GHz, the IIP3 is +3 dBm, and the noise figure ranges from 4.2 to 6.2 dB. The gain is programmable from -10 dB to +8 dB while gain flatness and matching are maintained.
Novel T-Coil Structure and Implementation in a 6.4-Gb/s CMOS Receiver to Meet Return Loss Specifications (2007)

A wide range of serializer deserializer (SerDes) Compliance Specifications exist for the Return Loss seen at the Package interface to the printed circuit board (PCB) for High Speed Links. For the goal of achieving interoperability it is expected that the most stringent Return Loss specification is met. The Return Loss performance is also an indication of available Chip and package bandwidth (BW). This paper demonstrates the use of a T-Coil (two series connected inductors with a center tap) in a 90 nm process CMOS SerDes Receiver to enable the Chip and Package to meet the Return Loss specification and in addition extend the usable BW.
Strength and sprint performance in wheelchair athletes (1994)

The relationship between strength, exhibited by an athlete in both dynamic constant resistance and isokinetic exercise, and sprint performance was investigated in 12 wheelchair track athletes (32.2 ± 9.3 years old, National Wheelchair Athletic Association functional classification ranging from II to V). Strength tests included a 1 repetition maximum (RM) bench press and an isokinetic arm compound movement (60°.sec‐1 and 180o‐sec‐1). Times for a 40 and 100 m wheelchair sprint were also measured. A nonsignificant correlation was observed between the 40 or 100 m sprint time and the 1 RM bench press (r = ‐0.38 and r = ‐0.31) and between the 40 or 100 m sprint time and the arm compound movement both at a speed of 60°.Sec‐1 (r = ‐0.05 and r = ‐0.16) and 180°.sec‐1 (r = ‐0.18 and r = ‐0.11). Therefore, strength in the upper body musculature of the wheelchair athlete appears not to be a valid predictor of their wheelchair sprint speed. This finding emphasizes the importance of additional factors, such as racing technique, functional classification, and training experience affecting an athlete's wheelchair sprint performance.
Graphene-Based Materials (2008)

Advances in synthesizing graphene offer opportunities for making novel materials for nanoelectronics and many other applications.
Specification of Small Chromaticity Differences*† (1943)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text David L. MacAdam, "Specification of Small Chromaticity Differences*†," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 33, 18-26 (1943) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Surface-Plasmon Resonance Characterization of a Near-Field Transducer (2012)

Surface-plasmon resonance of a lollipop near-field transducer integrated in a planar solid immersion mirror for heat-assisted magnetic recording has been studied by a pump-probe photo-thermal measurement without medium coating and by recording on a phase-change medium. The resonant behaviors, including the resonant wavelength, the Q factor, on and off resonance photo-thermal signal, are consistent with our simulations. For lollipops of 190 nm in disk diameter and 20 nm thick, there are two resonant modes in the measured spectroscopic range (710 nm-950 nm). Recording on a phase-change medium shows that the wavelength of the short resonant mode is not sensitive to the presence of the medium while the wavelength of the long resonant mode exhibits significant red-shift. On resonance, the plasmon efficiency enables the pronounced near-field transducer recording.
Tibial lengthening using a retrograde magnetically driven intramedullary lengthening device in 10 patients with preexisting ankle and hindfoot fusion (2020)

Background and purpose - Motorized intramedullary lengthening nails (ILNs) have been developed as an alternative to external fixators for long bone lengthening. The antegrade approach represents the standard method for tibial ILN insertion. In patients with preexisting ankle and hindfoot fusion a retrograde approach provides an alternative technique that has not been evaluated so far. We report the outcome of this method in 10 patients. Patients and methods - This retrospective study included 10 patients (mean age 18 years [13-25]) with preexisting ankle and hindfoot fusion who underwent tibial lengthening with a retrograde ILN (PRECICE). The mean leg length discrepancy (LLD) was 58 mm (36-80). The underlying conditions were congenital (n = 9) and post tumor resection (n = 1). The main outcome measures were: ILN reliability, distraction achieved, distraction index (DIX), time to bone healing, consolidation index (CIX), complications, and functional results. Results - All patients achieved the goal of lengthening (mean 48 mm [26-80]). Average DIX was 0.6 mm/day (0.5-0.7) and mean CIX was 44 days/cm (26-60). Delayed consolidation occurred in 2 patients and healed after ILN dynamization or nail exchange with grafting. Toe contractures in 2 other patients were resolved with physiotherapy or tenotomy. Until last follow-up (mean 18 months [12-30]) no true complications were encountered, knee motion remained unaffected, and full osseous consolidation occurred in all patients. Interpretation - In patients with LLD and preexisting ankle and hindfoot fusion distal tibial lengthening using a retrograde ILN is a reliable alternative to the standard approach with equivalent bone healing potential and low complication rates leaving the knee unaffected.
Finite Element Simulation of die pressing and sintering results in time and cost savings (1998)

S.31-34
Network Quality of Service Through Local Adaptive Provisioning (LAP) (2007)

Maximization of End-to-End (E2E) Goodput in tactical networks requires coordination between edge, core, and configuration parameters. We propose an adaptive quality of service architecture that learns local Weighted Fair Queuing configuration settings based on queue depth and projected E2E success. Our adaptive strategy provides for local node optimization based on local node parameters and allows the network to flex to different settings as needed accommodating hot spots and traffic bottlenecks. The gain in E2E goodput for our adaptive learning method vs. global settings is quantified.
Synthesis and Assembly of Self-Complementary Cavitands (2000)

Cavitands with self-complementary shapes (3 and 4) were prepared by the covalent attachment of adamantane guest molecules to the upper rim of the host structures. Relatives of the “self-folding” cavitands 2, these new structures possess a seam of intramolecular hydrogen bonds that stabilize the folded conformation. Their self-complementary shapes result in the formation of noncovalent dimers of considerable kinetic and thermodynamic stability (−ΔG295 = 4.5 kcal/mol for 3a and 6.5 kcal/mol for 4a in p-xylene-d10). The dimerization of cavitands 3 and 4 is reversible and subject to control by solvent and temperature. The dimerization process is enthalpically favored and entropy opposed and occurs with significant enthalpy−entropy compensation.
Anomaly-based botnet detection for 10 Gb/s networks (2007)

Current network data rates have made it increasingly difficult for cyber security specialists to protect the information stored on private systems. Greater throughput not only allows for higher productivity, but also creates a “larger” security hole that may allow numerous malicious applications (e.g. bots) to enter a private network. Software-based intrusion detection/prevention systems are not fast enough for the massive amounts of traffic found on 1 Gb/s and 10 Gb/s networks to be fully effective. Consequently, businesses accept more risk and are forced to make a conscious trade-off between threat and performance. A solution that can handle a much broader view of large-scale, high-speed systems will allow us to increase maximum throughput and network productivity. This paper describes a novel method of solving this problem by joining a pre-existing signature-based intrusion prevention system with an anomaly-based botnet detection algorithm in a hybrid hardware/software implementation. Our contributions include the addition of an anomaly detection engine to a pre-existing signature detection engine in hardware. This hybrid system is capable of processing full-duplex 10 Gb/s traffic in real-time with no packet loss. The behavior-based algorithm and user interface are customizable. This research has also led to improvements of the vendor supplied signal and programming interface specifications which we have made readily available.
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 (2005)

The vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2/KDR/flk-1) functions as the primary mediator of vascular endothelial growth factor activation in endothelial cells. Regulation of VEGFR-2 expression appears critical in mitogenesis, differentiation, and angiogenesis. Transcriptional regulation of the VEGFR-2 is complex and may involve multiple putative upstream regulatory elements including E boxes. Transcript initiation is dependent on an initiator (Inr) element flanking the transcriptional start site. The transcription factor, TFII-I, enhances VEGFR-2 transcription in an Inr-dependent fashion. TFII-I is unusual both structurally and functionally. The TFII-I transcription factor family members contain multiple putative DNA binding domains. Functionally, TFII-I acts at both the basal, Inr element as well as at several distinct upstream regulatory sites. It has been postulated that the structure of TFII-I might allow simultaneous interaction with both basal and regulatory sites in a given promoter. As TFII-I is known to act at regulatory sites including E boxes as well as at the basal Inr element, we evaluated the possibility of Inr-independent TFII-I activation of the VEGFR-2 promoter. We found that an Inr-mutated VEGFR-2 reporter construct retains TFII-I-stimulated activity. We demonstrated that TFII-I binds to both the Inr and to three regulatory E boxes in the human VEGFR-2 promoter. In addition, reduction in TFII-I expression by siRNA results in decreased VEGFR-2 expression. We also describe counter-regulation of the VEGFR-2 promoter by TFII-IRD1. We found that TFII-I is capable of acting at both basal and regulatory sites in one promoter and that the human VEGFR-2 promoter is functionally counter-regulated by TFII-I and TFII-IRD1.