gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE SYNTHESIS OF SIMPLE AND OF SUBSTITUTED 2-ALKYLCINNAMIC ALCOHOLS, INCLUDING A MONOMOLECULAR CUBEBIN (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE SYNTHESIS OF SIMPLE AND OF SUBSTITUTED 2-ALKYLCINNAMIC ALCOHOLS, INCLUDING A MONOMOLECULAR CUBEBINMarston Taylor. Bogert and Garfield. PowellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 4, 1605–1609Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01355a069https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01355a069research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preferential Recognition of Self Antigens Despite Normal Thymic Deletion of CD4+CD25+ Regulatory T Cells (2002)

T cell tolerance to self Ags is in part established in the thymus by induction of apoptosis or anergy of potentially autoreactive thymocytes. Some autospecific T cells nevertheless migrate to peripheral lymphoid organs but are kept under control by the recently identified CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cell subset. Because these cells inhibit autoimmunity more efficiently than useful non-self Ag-specific immune responses, they are probably autospecific, posing important questions as to how they develop in the thymus. In this study we show that significantly more peripheral CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T cells recognize self than non-self Ags. However, we also show for a large panel of endogenous superantigens as well as for self peptide/MHC complexes that autospecific CD4(+)CD25(+) thymocyte precursors are normally deleted during ontogeny. Combined, our data firmly establish that the repertoire of regulatory T cells is specifically enriched in autospecific cells despite the fact that their precursors are normally susceptible to thymic deletion.
Methods for Internal Combustion Engine Feedback Control During Cold-Start (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Legislation pertaining to automobile emissions has caused an increased focus on the cold-start performance of internal combustion engines. Of particular concern is the period of time before all available sensors become active. Present engine control strategies must rely on methods other than feedback control while these sensors are not active. Without feedback control during this critical period, engine emissions performance is not optimized. These conditions cause difficulty in performing comprehensive cold-start experiments. For these reasons, we have developed several methods for feedback control during cold-start to aid in laboratory investigations of engine emissions phenomena.</div>
Accuracy of acoustic rhinometry. (2001)

The accuracy of acoustically derived dimensions of the 3-D model depend on the orientation of the planes used to calculate the dimensions of the model. Volume estimates based on the smallest cross-sectional areas in points along the acoustic pathway correlate well with acoustically derived volumes, whereas single cross-sectional areas are more susceptible to error. Sound leakage to patent sinus ostia reduce the accuracy of posterior measurements.
Magnetic Sensor for Detection of Ground Vehicles Based on Microwave Spin Wave Generation in Ferrite Films (2006)

We propose to use the magnetic signatures, formed either by the residual magnetization or by deformation of the local Earth's magnetic field by large metal masses, for distant detection of ground vehicles. Measuring this weak magnetic field would allow one to determine the position, type, and velocity of the vehicle. Wirelessly transmitting data from the net of such detectors and processing the obtained information at the central processing computer will enable one to determine the number of ground vehicles and their individual characteristics in a group. The problem of vehicle detection is of great importance for both the combat and civil applications. The usual radio and microwave frequency radar technologies, which are successfully used for the detection of flying objects, have a limited application for the solution of this problem, due to a strong noise signal created by other surface objects (like buildings and trees) and by the Earth surface itself. The proposed magnetic sensor will not be affected by the weather conditions, such as snow, fog, or rain. It can be used in urban setting.
Effective suppression of stimulated Raman scattering in high power fiber amplifiers using double-pass scheme (2014)

High power fiber laser amplifier cascade can be simplified using double-pass scheme due to improvement of overall efficiency, especially for amplifiers with small input seed or high stored energy. The yield of stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in the double-pass scheme is comparable to the level in amplifiers using counter-directional-pumped single-pass scheme if the pumping configuration is appropriate, even though the interaction length becomes twice for double pass scheme. In the study, insertions of Raman strippers along the active fiber with double-pass scheme is proved to be another choice to effectively suppress SRS besides the utilization of photonic band-gap fibers.
Hepatocyte Transplantation in Animal Models (2008)

More than 30 years after the first hepatocyte transplant to treat the Gunn rat, the animal model for Crigler-Najjar syndrome, there are still a number of impediments to hepatocyte transplantation. Numerous animal models are still used in work aimed at improving hepatocyte engraftment and/or long-term function. Although other cell sources, particularly hepatic and extrahepatic stem cells, are being explored, adult hepatocytes remain the cells of choice for the treatment of liver diseases by cell therapy. In recent years, diverse approaches have been developed in various animal models to enhance hepatocyte transduction and amplification in vitro and cell engraftment and functionality in vivo. They have led to significant progress in hepatocyte transplantation for the treatment of patients with metabolic diseases and for bridging patients with acute injury until their own livers regenerate. This review presents and considers the results of this work with a special emphasis on procedures that might be clinically applicable.
Mercury(II)‐Catalyzed Cyclization of 2‐Alkynylphenyl Alkyl Sulfoxides Provides 3‐Acylbenzo[<i>b</i>]thiophenes (2013)

Ring cyclization: A mercury-catalyzed cyclization reaction to provide 3-benzoylbenzo[b]thiophenes was achieved in good yields by treatment of 2-alkynylphenyl alkyl sulfoxides with mercury chloride and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) in benzene heated at reflux for 24 h (see scheme).
The Chemotherapy Program (1957)

Journal Article The Chemotherapy Program Get access Kenneth M. Endicott, M.D. Kenneth M. Endicott, M.D. Chief Cancer Chemotherapy National Service Center, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 19, Issue 2, August 1957, Pages 275–293, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/19.2.275 Published: 01 August 1957
Cerebral Venous Sinus Pressure in Seated Dogs (1985)

The authors studied the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (10 cmH2O PEEP), abdominal compression, and neck compression on dural venous sinus pressure (VSP) in seated dogs. Abdominal compression increased the central venous pressure (CVP) as well as both the systemic arterial pressure and the cardiac output and thus may offer a useful substitute for an antigravity suit. Except when CVP was greater than 8 mmHg, there was little or no correlation between CVP and VSP. Moreover, each method increased VSP, but this effect was closely related to VSP prior to application of the method (pre-VSP). On comparing the VSP changes in relation to the pre-VSP levels when they were either above or below -1.0 mmHg, significant differences were noted in VSP increases, i.e., -0.4 +/- 1.3 (mean +/- SEM) and 4.3 +/- 1.2 mmHg by PEEP, 1.9 +/- 0.3 and 6.4 +/- 0.4 mmHg by abdominal compression, and 10.2 +/- 1.3 and 1.5 +/- 0.5 mmHg by neck compression, respectively. This indicates that PEEP and abdominal compression were more effective in increasing relatively highly negative pre-VSP (less than -1.0 mmHg), while neck compression greatly increased pre-VSP when it was at or above a slightly negative pressure (-1.0 mmHg). The authors conclude that a single application of any one of these three methods during sitting-position surgery may not be effective in increasing cerebral dural sinus pressure.
Essential Oil of <i>Valeriana officinalis</i> L. Cultivars and Their Antimicrobial Activity As Influenced by Harvesting Time under Commercial Organic Cultivation (2004)

The essential oil content and the composition of subterranean parts of two valerian (Valeriana officinalis, L.) cultivars Select and Anthose, from certified commercial organic fields, were determined by hydrodistillation, followed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC/mass spectrometry analysis. Eight and fourteen month old cv. Select had 0.67 and 0.87% essential oil, while similar aged cv. Anthose contained 0.97 and 1.1% essential oil. Forty-three and fifty-three components from cv. Select and cv. Anthose oils were detected, respectively. The oil composition significantly varied due to the cultivar type, plant age, and/or harvesting time. The major components for cv. Select were valerenal, bornyl acetate, 15-acetoxy valeranone, valerenic acid, and camphene, while cv. Anthose had valerenal, (-)-bornyl acetate, alpha-humulene, camphene, 15-acetoxy valeranone, and valerenic acid. With further aging of the plants, the valerenal, valerenic acid, and alpha-humulene contents increased. The oil of cv. Select had a strong antimicrobial effect against Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, while cv. Anthose showed low or no activity against all test microbes, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, suggesting that the inhibitory activity of valerian oil depends on the cultivar and its developmental stage. The oil profile of our cultivars did not match the literature proposed chemotype profiles.
An ultra-low-power, temperature compensated voltage reference generator (2006)

A CMOS voltage reference, based on the difference between the gate-source voltages of two NMOS transistors, has been realized with AMS 0.35 mum CMOS technology (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">thn</sub> equiv 0.45 V and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">thn </sub> 0.75 V at 0 degC). The minimum and maximum supply voltages are 1.5 V and 4.3 V, respectively. The supply current at the maximum supply voltage and at 80 degC is 2.4 pA. A temperature coefficient of 25 ppm/degC and a line sensitivity of 1.6 mV/V are achieved. The power supply rejection ratios without any filtering capacitor at 100 Hz and 10 MHz are larger than -74 and -59 dB, respectively. The occupied chip area is 0.08 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup>
An efficient distributed deadlock detection algorithm (2002)

We propose a distributed deadlock detection algorithm which detects cycles made of back edges in a distributed search tree. Our algorithm detects the deadlocks in which the initiator of the algorithm is directly or indirectly involved, while most of the proposed deadlock detection algorithms only detect the cycles in which the initiator is directly involved. Our algorithm is a reduced version of the one proposed previously, which resolves all deadlocks reachable from the initiator in a single execution by propagating the probe messages to the nodes in the search tree and having each node resolve deadlocks in its subtree with collected information on dependency between its subtree nodes. Our algorithm substantially reduces the message overhead of the previous algorithm. We compare the performance of our algorithm with others through extensive simulation. It is found that our algorithm detects deadlocks as fast as the previous algorithm with much fewer messages. The simulation results show that our algorithm outperforms other algorithms considerably in major performance measures.
Équations aux dérivées partielles et applications (2018)

Enseignement Cours – Singularités et discontinuités dans les équations de Hamilton-Jacobi Introduction Le cours de cette année a porté sur différents aspects de la théorie des solutions de viscosité et ses applications à l’étude d’équations complètement non linéaires, du second ordre, elliptiques éventuellement dégénérées et en particulier des équations de Hamilton-Jacobi du 1er ordre. Ont été abordées d’une part l’étude de singularité sur le bord provoquées par la présence simultanée d’annul...
The role of mercury and cadmium heavy metals in vascular disease, hypertension, coronary heart disease, and myocardial infarction. (2007)

Mercury, cadmium, and other heavy metals have a high affinity for sulfhydryl (-SH) groups, inactivating numerous enzymatic reactions, amino acids, and sulfur-containing antioxidants (NAC, ALA, GSH), with subsequent decreased oxidant defense and increased oxidative stress. Both bind to metallothionein and substitute for zinc, copper, and other trace metals reducing the effectiveness of metalloenzymes. Mercury induces mitochondrial dysfunction with reduction in ATP, depletion of glutathione, and increased lipid peroxidation; increased oxidative stress is common. Selenium antagonizes mercury toxicity. The overall vascular effects of mercury include oxidative stress, inflammation, thrombosis, vascular smooth muscle dysfunction, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, immune dysfunction, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The clinical consequences of mercury toxicity include hypertension, CHD, MI, increased carotid IMT and obstruction, CVA, generalized atherosclerosis, and renal dysfunction with proteinuria. Pathological, biochemical, and functional medicine correlations are significant and logical. Mercury diminishes the protective effect of fish and omega-3 fatty acids. Mercury, cadmium, and other heavy metals inactivate COMT, which increases serum and urinary epinephrine, norepinephrine, and dopamine. This effect will increase blood pressure and may be a clinical clue to heavy metal toxicity. Cadmium concentrates in the kidney, particularly inducing proteinuria and renal dysfunction; it is associated with hypertension, but less so with CHD. Renal cadmium reduces CYP4A11 and PPARs, which may be related to hypertension, sodium retention, glucose intolerance, dyslipidemia, and zinc deficiency. Dietary calcium may mitigate some of the toxicity of cadmium. Heavy metal toxicity, especially mercury and cadmium, should be evaluated in any patient with hypertension, CHD, or other vascular disease. Specific testing for acute and chronic toxicity and total body burden using hair, toenail, urine, serum, etc. with baseline and provoked evaluation should be done.
Inhibitory effects on the growth of several bacteria by brown mustard and allyl isothiocyanate. (1990)

The inhibitory effects of mustard and its major pungent compound, allyl isothiocyanate (AIT) on the growth of five species of bacteria and the relation between their inhibitory activities were studied. Brown mustard extract was prepared as 20% mustard in 70% ethanol after myrosinase treatment. AIT was dissolved in 70% ethanol to form a concentration equivalent to that in the mustard extract. Bacteria were cultured in nutrient broth containing the mustard extract or AIT at 30°C on a reciprocal shaker, and bacterial growth was determined by turbidimetry. The duration of the lag phase of growth was proportional to the concentration of mustard or AIT in the medium, and the turbidity of the stationary phase was sometimes decreased by these inhibitors. The concentrations of mustard in the medium that inhibited bacterial growth for 24h were 0.138%, 0.104%, 0.064%, 0.043% and 0.089%, and those of AIT were 14.5, 12.3, 6.5, 3.6 and 7.2ppm for Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas fragi and Ps. aeruginosa, respectively. These results suggested that the inhibitory effect of mustard was mainly due to AIT. Furthermore, it was recognized that the effect of mustard on S. aureus and E. coli was bacteriostatic at 0.8% whereas that on Ps. aeruginosa was bactericidal at 0.2%.
Exploring the Neuromodulatory Effects of the Vertebral Subluxation and Chiropractic Care (2010)

The elusive vertebral subluxation is the central defining clinical principle of the chiropractic profession. After almost 115 years of discussion there is still little consensus regarding the nature of the vertebral subluxation or its potential associated neurological manifestations. Some authors even deny that the subluxation exists. In this paper a model is presented that assumes that the putative vertebral subluxation represents a state of altered afferent input which is responsible for ongoing maladaptive central plastic changes that over time can lead to dysfunction, pain and other symptoms. A growing body of research that investigates the neuromodulatory effects of chiropractic care supports this model. This paper explores this research and discusses it in light of the vitalistic principles upon which chiropractic was founded. The model outlined in this paper may go some way to explain some of the beneficial effects of chiropractic care on nonmusculoskeletal conditions previously reported in the literature.
Resistance-CMOS circuits (1977)

By combining dynamic CMOS circuits with a few resistive components, very simple sequential logic circuits with static behavior are obtained (e.g., frequency dividers, flip-flops, decoders). Using silicon gate technology and reverse-biased polysilicon diodes for the resistive elements, the area is nearly half that required for corresponding standard CMOS circuits.
Genetic polymorphisms in catechol-O-methyltransferase, menopausal status, and breast cancer risk. (1998)

Polymorphic catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) catalyzes the O-methylation of estrogen catechols. In a case-control study, we evaluated the association of the low-activity allele (COMT(Met)) with breast cancer risk. Compared to women with COMT(Val/Val), COMT(Met/Met) was associated with an increased risk among premenopausal women [odds ratio (OR), 2.1; confidence interval (CI), 1.4-4.3] but was inversely associated with postmenopausal risk (OR, 0.4; CI, 0.2-0.7). The association of risk with at least one low-activity COMT(Met) allele was strongest among the heaviest premenopausal women (OR, 5.7; CI, 1.1-30.1) and among the leanest postmenopausal women (OR, 0.3; CI, 0.1-0.7), suggesting that COMT, mediated by body mass index, may be playing differential roles in human breast carcinogenesis, dependent upon menopausal status.
Antibacterial Activity of Citrus Fruit Juices Against Vibrio Species (2006)

Lemon, lime and sudachi juices were tested for antibacterial activity against seven strains of Vibrio species. All juices were effective in inhibiting the growth of the Vibrio strains. Citric acid, the major organic acid in these juices, was found to be responsible for inhibiting the growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Sauce prepared from sudachi juice showed a strong bactericidal activity against Vibrio parahaemolyticus, whereas the sauce adjusted to higher pH values had no bacterial activity. Diluted sudachi juice or citric acid solution also had antibacterial activity independently. These results suggest that citrus fruit juices are effective in preventing infection with Vibrio species.
Correction for Absorption in Raman Measurements Using the Backscattering Geometry (1989)

Correction for sample absorption in resonance Raman measurements employing the backscattering geometry has been re-examined. A widely used procedure [see Appl. Spectrosc. 28, 319 (1974)] fails to provide adequate correction under most measurement conditions. A method which accounts for the effect of the transfer function of the collection optics is shown to provide excellent results for a variety of measurement conditions. The required calculations and a method for obtaining the optical transfer function are described. Measurements on solutions of a strongly absorbing azo dye with the use of 514.5-nm excitation have been used to test the approaches.
Resin/graphite fiber composites (1974)

Processing techniques were developed for the fabrication of both polyphenylquinoxaline and polyimide composites by the in situ polymerization of monomeric reactants directly on the graphite reinforcing fibers, rather than using previously prepared prepolymer varnishes. Void-free polyphenylquinoxaline composites were fabricated and evaluated for room and elevated flexure and shear properties. The technology of the polyimide system was advanced to the point where the material is ready for commercial exploitation. A reproducible processing cycle free of operator judgment factors was developed for fabrication of void-free composites exhibiting excellent mechanical properties and a long time isothermal life in the range of 288 C to 316 C. The effects of monomer reactant stoichiometry and process modification on resin flow were investigated. Demonstration of the utility and quality of this polyimide system was provided through the successful fabrication and evaluation of four complex high tip speed fan blades.
PMN binding to P-selectin is inhibited by sulfatide (1992)

The endothelial adhesion protein P-selectin binds to a ligand present on the surface of leukocytes. We have characterized the binding interaction between P-selectin and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) in an in vitro assay. These studies have utilized a soluble chimeric protein termed receptor globulin (Rg), which consists of the lectin-EGF-CR-CR extracellular domains of P-selectin fused to a human immunoglobulin G Fc domain. The PMNs bound to immobilized Rg in a saturable and concentration-dependent manner. The binding was specific for the Rg, as preincubation of the cells with soluble Rg inhibited binding to immobilized Rg, and binding was dependent on the presence of free divalent cations. The PMNs expressed a ligand for both P-selectin and E-selectin but not for L-selectin. Previously it was shown that sulfatide is a ligand for P-selectin binding in transformed cells. We have demonstrated that the presence of sulfatide in the P-selectin-PMN adhesion assay inhibits binding in a dose-dependent manner.