gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Heterojunction bipolar transistors with SiGe base grown by molecular beam epitaxy (1991)

High-quality SiGe heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) have been fabricated using material grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE). The height of parasitic barriers in the conduction band varied over the wafer, and the influence of these barriers on controller current, early voltage, and cutoff frequency were studied by experiments and simulations. Temperature-dependent measurements were performed to study the influence of the barriers on the effective bandgap narrowing in the base and to obtain an expression for the collector-current enhancement. From temperature-dependent measurements, the authors demonstrate that the collector-current enhancement of the HBTs can be described by a single exponential function with a temperature-independent prefactor.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Suppression of A549 lung cancer cell migration by precursor let-7g microRNA (2010)

Let-7g miRNAs, short non-coding RNAs approximately 21 nucleotides long, repress protein translation by binding to the 3'UTR of target mRNAs. Aberrant expression of let-7g is associated with the poor prognosis of lung cancer patients. Compared to normal lung cells, let-7g expression is absent in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. Furthermore, K-Ras and HMGA2 are well known as targets of let-7g. In this study, we evaluated the potential role of precursor (pre)-let-7g in lung cancer cell metastasis, focusing on the two targets of let-7g, HMGA2 and K-Ras. We found that pre-let-7g inhibited the migration of A549 lung cancer cells through HMGA2-mediated E2F1 down-regulation. Thus, our results suggest that pre-let-7g could be used as a suitable target for the suppression of lung cancer cell migration.
The thn mutation of Schizophyllum commune, which suppresses formation of aerial hyphae, affects expression of the Sc3 hydrophobin gene (1991)

The spontaneous and recessive mutation thn in the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune suppresses the formation of aerial hyphae in the monokaryon and, if present as a double dose, the formation of both aerial hyphae and fruit-bodies in the dikaryon. In the monokaryon, the mutation prevents accumulation of mRNA of the Sc3 gene, and in the dikaryon it also prevents the accumulation of fruiting-specific mRNAs, including mRNAs of the Sc1 and Sc4 genes, which are homologous to the Sc3 gene. These three genes code for hydrophobins, a family of small hydrophobic cysteine-rich proteins. In the thn monokaryon, the only detectable change in synthesized proteins is the disappearance of an abundant protein of apparent Mr = 28 K from the culture medium and from the cell walls. Protein sequencing shows that this is the product of the Sc3 gene. The Sc3 hydrophobin is present in the walls of aerial hyphae as a hot-SDS-insoluble complex. Submerged hyphae excrete large amounts of the hydrophobin into the medium.
Cholesterol 7α-Hydroxylase Deficiency in Mice on an APOE*3-Leiden Background Increases Hepatic ABCA1 mRNA Expression and HDL-Cholesterol (2006)

Strongly reduced bile acid synthesis in Cyp7a1-/-.APOE*3-Leiden mice leads to increased plasma HDL-cholesterol levels, as related to an increased hepatic expression of ABCA1.
Applicative-layer multipath for low-latency adaptive live streaming (2016)

End-users in online video services are sensitive to the overall quality of the video at screen, but also, and more importantly, to other factors, including the latency between the video generation and the playback for live videos. If the improvement of the quality of the perceived video has been well investigated by the multimedia community, the impact of delay, latency, and re-buffering has not received a significant attention. Adaptive streaming technologies, which have been widely adopted in the recent years, contribute to this lack of consideration since vendors usually recommend the introduction of significant extra-latency. In this paper, we address the problem of low-latency live video streaming. We propose an implementation of multi-path video delivery at the applicative level, which exploits the information provided in the latest version of the video delivery standards. We present an implementation of a video player, which takes advantage of multi-path networking to enable video playback using TCP with a latency below 100 ms. By initiating the multi-path delivery from the client side, our mechanism is compatible with current network equipments and does not require any change neither at the server nor in the middleboxes.
High-quality LiTaO_3 integrated-optical waveguides and devices fabricated by the annealed-proton-exchange technique (1988)

High-quality single-mode LiTaO(3) integrated-optical waveguides and devices were fabricated below the Curie temperature by the annealed-proton-exchange technique. The waveguides had a high polarization extinction (51 dB), low propagation loss (<0.25 dB/cm), and low fiber-to-waveguide coupling loss (0.5 dB per junction) at 0.82 microm. The device-measured r(33) (29.9 x 10(-12) m/V) electro-optic coefficient indicates no change in its value from that of bulk LiTaO(3).
Human amnesia and the medial temporal region: enduring memory impairment following a bilateral lesion limited to field CA1 of the hippocampus (1986)

During the past 100 years clinical studies of amnesia have linked memory impairment to damage of the hippocampus. Yet the damage in these cases has not usually been confined to the hippocampus, and the status of memory functions has often been based on incomplete neuropsychological information. Thus, the human cases have until now left some uncertainty as to whether lesions limited to the hippocampus are sufficient to cause amnesia. Here we report a case of amnesia in a patient (R.B.) who developed memory impairment following an ischemic episode. During the 5 years until his death, R.B. exhibited marked anterograde amnesia, little if any retrograde amnesia, and showed no signs of cognitive impairment other than memory. Thorough histological examination revealed a circumscribed bilateral lesion involving the entire CA1 field of the hippocampus. Minor pathology was found elsewhere in the brain (e.g., left globus pallidus, right postcentral gyrus, left internal capsule), but the only damage that could be reasonably associated with the memory defect was the lesion in the hippocampus. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of amnesia following a lesion limited to the hippocampus in which extensive neuropsychological and neuropathological analyses have been carried out.
Host MHC class I gene control of NK‐cell specificity in the mouse (1997)

The missing self model predicts that NK cells adapt somatically to the type as well as levels of MHC class I products expressed by their host. Transgenic and gene knock-out mice have provided conclusive evidence that MHC class I genes control specificity and tolerance of NK cells. The article describes this control and discusses the possible mechanisms behind it, starting from a genetic model to study how natural resistance to tumors is influenced by MHC class I expression in the host as well as in the target cells. Data on host gene regulation of NK-cell functional specificity as well as Ly49 receptor expression are reviewed, leading up to the central question: how does the system develop and maintain "useful" NK cells, while avoiding "harmful" and "useless" ones? The available data can be fitted within each of two mutually none-exclusive models: cellular adaptation and clonal selection. Recent studies supporting cellular adaptation bring the focus on different possibilities within this general mechanism, such as anergy, receptor calibration and, most importantly, whether the specificity of each NK cell is permanently fixed or subject to continuous regulation.
Cooperative Effects in Ternary Cu−Ni−Fe Catalysts Lead to Enhanced Alkene Selectivity in Alkyne Hydrogenation (2010)

A new generation of heterogeneous Cu-Ni-Fe catalysts with appropriate metal ratios displayed outstanding alkene selectivity in the gas-phase hydrogenation of propyne (S(C(3)H(6)) up to 100%) and ethyne (S(C(2)H(4)) up to 80%). The design was accomplished by orchestrating key functions in the catalyst: copper is the base hydrogenation metal, nickel increases the hydrogen coverage to minimize oligomerization, and iron acts as structural promoter. In addition to the largely improved alkene selectivity compared to that of the commonly applied Pd catalysts, the ternary Cu-Ni-Fe catalysts promise substantial process advantages, since they do not require CO feeding as selectivity enhancer and they yield high alkene selectivity in a broad window of H(2)/alkyne ratios. The ternary system requires higher operating temperatures compared to those for palladium.
A Model for Fast Analog Computation Based on Unreliable Synapses (2000)

We investigate through theoretical analysis and computer simulations the consequences of unreliable synapses for fast analog computations in networks of spiking neurons, with analog variables encoded by the current firing activities of pools of spiking neurons. Our results suggest a possible functional role for the well-established unreliability of synaptic transmission on the network level. We also investigate computations on time series and Hebbian learning in this context of space-rate coding in networks of spiking neurons with unreliable synapses.
The drive to ban the NOEC/LOEC in favor of ECx is misguided and misinformed (2012)

Challenges to the use of the no observed effect concentration (NOEC) in ecotoxicology have appeared over the years, with a recent call for banning its use in favor of the x% effects concentration (ECx). This article presents an opposing view, providing reasons for the continued use of the NOEC, and for hypothesis testing in general. Although the use of ECx values is appropriate in many situations, there are numerous real-world examples where it is not suitable and offers no advantage over the use of hypothesis testing. These examples are presented with recommended data analysis techniques, illustrating the variety of statistical approaches that are meaningful in analyzing ecotoxicity data. Thoughtful consideration of study design and proper analysis and interpretation of the results will go further to advance the science of ecotoxicology than attempting to implement a blanket prohibition or endorsement of any single statistical approach.
Afelimomab. (2000)

Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is well established as a key mediator in the inflammatory response seen in various disease processes including sepsis. TNF-alpha is involved in virtually all features of septic shock and multiple organ failure. Anti-TNF-alpha strategies are thus appealing and have been effective at reducing inflammation and morbidity in certain conditions including rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease. Afelimomab is the F(ab')2 fragment of a murine anti-TNF-alpha antibody, and has been evaluated in clinical trials in septic patients. The results suggest that the drug is well tolerated, and may be of benefit in certain groups of patients with sepsis. A large, randomised, clinical trial of afelimomab in patients with severe sepsis has recently been completed and the results are eagerly awaited. More work is necessary to identify a means of selecting which patients are most likely to benefit from this type of therapy in sepsis.
A Fully Integrated On-Chip DC–DC Conversion and Power Management System (2004)

It is widely recognized that adaptive control of the power supply is one of the most effective variables to achieve energy-efficient computation. Most on-chip dc-dc conversion systems have relied on buck converters with off-chip LC filters. In this paper, we describe the development of a software controllable, fully integrated on-chip dc-dc downconversion system that combines switched-capacitor voltage dividers and linear regulators to efficiently regulate from 2.5 V down to about 0.65 V. The use of switched-capacitor supplies offers better efficiencies than what is achievable with linear regulators alone.
Effect of endoleaks on changes in aortoiliac volume after endovascular repair for abdominal aortic aneurysm (2016)

After EVAR for AAA, aortoiliac volume on CT angiography decreases by approximately 20% over time in the absence of endoleaks and increases in the presence of endoleaks. Transient post-procedural endoleaks, however, do not influence long-term volume regression.
Polyamide--the evolution of a synthetic membrane for renal therapy. (1992)

Basic features of the polyamide membranes, H. Gohl et al biocompatibility of the polyamide membranes, R. Deppisch et al pyrogen retention by the polyamide membranes haemofiltration in the past and present, K. Schaefer and D. von Herrath haemofiltration - predilution versus postdilution, S. David and V. Cambi haemodiafiltration - technical aspects, J. Sternby et al the polyamide membrane in haemodiafiltration, M. Gonella, et al high-flux haemodialysis with a polyamide dialyzer, C. Jacobs and T. Petitclerc continuous renal replacement therapies of acute renal failure and the polyamide membrane, C. Ronco dialysis-related amyloidosis and high-flux membranes, J. Floege and L. Smeby removal of high-molecular-weight toxins, W.H. Horl.
우리 말글의 살아온 길과 나아갈 길(2) -제2부 우리 말글의 현재와 나아갈 길- (2010)

Korean people commemorated the 60th anniversary of the National Foundation Day. Korea has made rapid progress. Also Korean language has become increasingly popular across the globe. Korean language has two significances as a racial language and an official language. Korean has many problems currently; there are arguments over a historical view, ideology, historical fact, and standard Korean language. We should clean up plagiarism and instigation in the language of academia and media. To join the ranks of advanced countries, we should solve many problems of language users; for examples, language used by public institution, politicians, teachers and students in the classroom, corporate advertisements, and home. Ultimately we aim for the freedom, truth, and love of Korean language. Korea should grow into an advanced country, cleaning up servile spirit and filling with entrepreneurial spirit. Korean language needs to support national security, constitutionalism, free economy, and noble culture. Thus Korean language education should have pride and infinite responsibility.
Does serum angiotensin converting enzyme reflect intensity of alveolitis in sarcoidosis? (1985)

Serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity is increased in many patients with pulmonary sarcoidosis and has been proposed as a measure of disease activity. Assay of serum angiotensin converting enzyme, bronchoalveolar lavage, and gallium scans were performed in 27 patients with biopsy proved pulmonary sarcoidosis. There was a positive correlation between serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and an index of pulmonary gallium uptake assessed by the National Institutes of Health method (r = 0.7, p less than 0.001). There was no significant relationship (r = 0.19) between serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity and bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocytes expressed as a proportion of cells recovered. Increase in the enzyme activity had a sensitivity of 50% as a means of detecting high intensity alveolitis but specificity was only 45%. There was no significant difference in mean angiotensin converting enzyme activity between the following groups: those with positive and those with negative gallium scans; those with bronchoalveolar lavage lymphocyte counts less than or equal to 28% and those with counts greater than 28%. Although there was a significant correlation between the enzyme activity and one component of the alveolitis of sarcoidosis, the data suggest that serum angiotensin converting enzyme activity alone is neither sensitive nor specific enough for high intensity alveolitis.
Nanotechnology Applications in Food and Food Processing: Innovative Green Approaches, Opportunities and Uncertainties for Global Market (2010)

ABSTRACT Nanoscience and nanotechnology are new frontiers of this century and food nanotechnology is an emerging technology. Their applications to the agriculture and food sector are relatively recent compared with their use in drug delivery and pharmaceuticals. Many scientists and engineers have recognized well the potential of nanotechnology to lead all the food industries in the 21st century. Even though successful applications of nanotechnology to foods are still limited, some basic concepts based on nanoscale have been established well. In food engineering field, two major applications related to nanotechnology, that is, food nanosensing and food nanostructured ingredients are being expected. In the former field, better food quality and safety evaluation can be achieved by using nanotechnology. Advances in technologies, such as DNA microarrays, microelectromechanical systems, and microfluidics, will enable the realization of the potential of nanotechnology for food applications. In the latter, food processing can be largely improved in the aspects of smart delivery of nutrients, bioseparation of proteins, rapid sampling of biological and chemical contaminants, nanoencapsulation of nutraceuticals, solubilization, delivery, and color in food systems; these being some of the emerging topics of nanotechnology for food and agriculture. Meanwhile, food nanotechnology as a new technology is requiring reviews of potentially adverse effects as well as many positive effects. In this review, we intended to cover some of the developments in nanotechnology and their applicability to food and nutraceuticals systems. It presents some of the nanoscale-sized structures that are uniquely relevant to the food industry, the different food manufacturing techniques that could benefit from nanotechnology, and nanotechnology's applicability to the formulation and storage of food, together with identifying the outstanding challenges.
The Thr<sup>505</sup>and Ser<sup>557</sup>residues of the AGT1-encoded α-glucoside transporter are critical for maltotriose transport in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (2008)

Improved fermentation of starch and its dextrin products, such as maltotriose and maltose, would benefit the brewing and whisky industries. This study could facilitate the development of engineered maltotriose transporters adapted to starch-efficient fermentation systems, and offers prospects for the development of yeast strains with improved maltose and maltotriose uptake capabilities that, in turn, could increase the overall fermentation efficiencies in the beer and whisky industries.
Determination of the size of the packing defects in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine bilayers, present at the phase transition temperature (1984)

Multilamellar liposomes of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, containing 4 mol% egg phosphatidic acid show at the phase transition temperature an increased permeability for non‐electrolytes of M r values up to 900. This indicates that the packing defects occurring at the liquid crystalline/gel state phase boundary have a similar pore diameter (15–18 A) as the packing defects present in glycophorin—dioleoylphos‐phatidylcholine vesicles. This suggests that packing defects at the protein—lipid interphase are the major permeation pathway of the glycophorin—dioleoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles.
Heat and temperature (2008)

The property of matter which determines whether heat energy will flow to or from another object of a different temperature.
A method for the production of D-tagatose using a recombinant Pichia pastoris strain secreting β-D-galactosidase from Arthrobacter chlorophenolicus and a recombinant L-arabinose isomerase from Arthrobacter sp. 22c (2012)

The method developed for the simultaneous hydrolysis of lactose, utilization of D-glucose and isomerization of D-galactose using a P. pastoris strain secreting β-D-galactosidase and recombinant L-arabinose isomerase seems to offer an interesting alternative for the production of D-tagatose from lactose-containing feedstock.
Enhanced oral bioavailability of etodolac by self-emulsifying systems: in-vitro and in-vivo evaluation (2010)

The result indicates the utility of SEDDS for the oral delivery of etodolac and potentially other lipophilic drugs.
Characteristics of the Flow-Controlled Accumulator (1994)

Mitsubishi is developing a new type of accumulator incorporating the technology of fluidics as one of the seeds for the improved safety of the newly constructed pressurized water reactor plants. This accumulator employs a vortex flow control device, called a vortex damper, as a fluidic device to simplify the safety systems. A fundamental experimental study with a one-fifth scale model and confirmation tests with a one-third scale model to develop the vortex damper have been carried out, and satisfactory results have been achieved. The results of the confirmation tests under the prototype pressure conditions agree well with the basic tests. The flow rate ratio can be 5 to 6. The pressure loss coefficient in the large flow rate period is 8. A cavitation factor is the main parameter of the flow rate coefficient.
The contrasting mechanisms of serum resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and group B Neisseria meningitidis (1999)

Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Neisseria meningitidis have evolved intricate mechanisms to evade complement-mediated killing. Sialylation of gonococcal lipooligosaccharide (LOS) results in conversion of previously serum sensitive strains to unstable serum resistance, which is mediated by factor H binding. Porin (Por) is also instrumental in mediating stable serum resistance in gonococci. The 5th loop of certain gonococcal PorlAs binds factor H, which efficiently inactivates C3b to iC3b. Factor H glycan residues may be essential for factor H binding to certain Por1A strains. Por1A strains can also regulate the classical pathway by binding to C4b-binding protein (C4bp) probably via the 1st loop of the Por molecule. Certain serum resistant Por1 B strains can also regulate complement by binding C4bp through a loop other than loop 1. Purified C4b can inhibit binding of C4bp to Por 1B, but not Por1A, suggesting different binding sites on C4bp for the two Por types. Unlike serum resistant gonococci, resistant meningococci have abundant C3b on their surface, which is only partially processed to iC3b. The main mechanism of complement evasion by group B meningococci is inhibition of membrane attack complex (MAC) insertion by their polysaccharide capsule. LOS structure may act in concert with capsule to prevent MAC insertion. Meningococcal strains with Class 3 Por preferentially bind factor H, suggesting Class 3 Por acts as a receptor for factor H.