gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perspectives on artificial joint design. (1992)

Due to poor interdisciplinary communication, many artifical joint designs fail to account for some features that normally allow bones to survive for life. In part, these features concern modeling drifts and remodeling basic multicellular units (BMUs), the microdamage thresholds of bone, its load-grain alignment and shear lock properties, load focusing and defocusing, mechanical usage/strain thresholds for controlling the biological mechanisms, and the regional acceleratory phenomenon. This article reviews briefly some major aspects of these features and suggests how implant design might account for them.
High-temperature optical fiber thermometer (1983)

A high-temperature optical fiber thermometer made from single crystal sapphire has been developed for use from 600 to approximately 2000 °C. The device consists of a small blackbody cavity which is sputtered on the end of a thin (0.25–1.25-mm diameter, 0.05–0.30-m length) sapphire fiber, a connecting low-temperature glass fiber, and a conventional optical detector. The radiance from the cavity is used to measure its temperature. The present instrument is calibrated at a single temperature and uses the fundamental radiation laws to extrapolate to other temperatures. It is accurate and has a high sensitivity and rapid temporal response. There appear to be a number of applications of the device both in science and industry.
Promotive Effects of a Silk Film on Epidermal Recovery from Full-Thickness Skin Wounds (2000)

We examined the effects of the transparent fibroin film (silk film) on full-thickness skin wounds. Full-thickness dermatotomies (15 mm x 9 mm) were prepared on the dorsal wall of CRJ:CD-1 nu/nu (ICR nu/nu) mice. The area of the wounds dressed with silk film was reduced to 10% of that made by the dermatotomy 14 days after the dermatotomy and were covered with regenerated epidermis 21 days after the dermatotomy. In contrast, less recovery and epidermal regeneration were found 14 days after dermatotomy in the wounds dressed with a conventional hydrocolloid dressing (Duro Active). Furthermore, only partial incomplete epidemal growth was obtained 21 days after dermatotomy. Most importantly, the healing time of wounds dressed with silk film was 7 days shorter than those dressed with DuoActive dressing. The silk film showed an almost similar or slightly better promotive effect as the lyophilized porcine dermis (Alloask D), which is used as a dressing for burns, ulcers, and decubitis. Histologic findings revealed that there was greater collagen regeneration and less inflammation and neutrophil-lymphocyte infiltration of the wounds dressed with silk film than with DuoActive dressing. It is clear that regeneration of the epidermis and dermis of the wound beds covered with silk film was faster than with DuoActive dressing. Finally, silk film is easily obtainable, sterilizable, and transparent, and it allows easy observation of tissue recovery. Therefore, silk film offers advantages over other dressings and may be clinically useful for wound treatment.
Hybrid xerogel films as novel coatings for antifouling and fouling release (2005)

Hybrid sol-gel-derived xerogel films prepared from 45/55 (mol ratio) n-propyltrimethoxysilane (C3-TMOS)/tetramethylorthosilane (TMOS), 2/98 (mol ratio) bis[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]-ethylenediamine (enTMOS)/tetraethylorthosilane (TEOS), 50/50 (mol ratio) n-octyltriethoxysilane (C8-TEOS)/TMOS, and 50/50 (mol ratio) 3,3,3-trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane (TFP-TMOS)/TMOS were found to inhibit settlement of zoospores of the marine fouling alga Ulva (syn. Enteromorpha) relative to settlement on acid-washed glass and give greater release of settled zoospores relative to glass upon exposure to pressure from a water jet. The more hydrophobic 50/50 C8-TEOS/TMOS xerogel films had the lowest critical surface tension by comprehensive contact angle analysis and gave significantly greater release of 8-day Ulva sporeling biomass after exposure to turbulent flow generated by a flow channel than the other xerogel surfaces or glass. The 50/50 C8-TEOS/TMOS xerogel was also a fouling release surface for juveniles of the tropical barnacle Balanus amphitrite. X-ray photon electron data indicated that the alkylsilyl residues of the C3-TMOS-, C8-TEOS-, and TFP-TMOS-containing xerogels were located on the surface of the xerogel films (in a vacuum), which contributes to the film hydrophobicity. Similarly, the amine-containing silyl residues of the enTMOS/TEOS films were located at the surface of the xerogel films, which contributes to the more hydrophilic character and increased critical surface tension of these films.
Comprehensive DNA Methylation and Gene Expression Profiling in Differentiating Human Adipocytes (2016)

Insight into the processes controlling adipogenesis is important in the battle against the obesity epidemic and its related disorders. The transcriptional regulatory cascade involved in adipocyte differentiation has been extensively studied, however, the mechanisms driving the transcription activation are still poorly understood. In this study, we explored the involvement of DNA methylation in transcriptional regulation during adipocyte differentiation of primary human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). Genome-wide changes in DNA methylation were measured using the Illumina 450K BeadChip. In addition, expression of 84 adipogenic genes was determined, of which 43 genes showed significant expression changes during the differentiation process. Among these 43 differentially expressed genes, differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were detected in only three genes. By comparing genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in undifferentiated and differentiated adipocytes 793 significant DMRs were detected. Pathway analysis revealed the adipogenesis pathway as the most statistically significant, although only a small number of genes were differentially methylated. Genome-wide DNA methylation changes for single probes were most often located in intergenic regions, and underrepresented close to the transcription start site. In conclusion, DNA methylation remained relatively stable during adipocyte differentiation, implying that changes in DNA methylation are not the underlying mechanism regulating gene expression during adipocyte differentiation. J. Cell. Biochem. 117: 2707-2718, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The expression of NMDA receptor 1 is associated with clinicopathological parameters and prognosis in the oral squamous cell carcinoma (2004)

The NMDAR1 overexpression was significantly associated with the prognosis-related factors. Therefore, it might be one of the prognostic markers of OSCC.
Protein characterization using Liquid Chromatography Desorption Ionization on Silicon Mass Spectrometry (LC‐DIOS‐MS) (2003)

This paper presents a novel combination of of‐line liquid chromatography (LC) separation with desorption ionization on silicon mass spectrometry (DIOS‐MS) as an alternative to the traditional on‐line coupling of LC and electrospray ionization (ESI). In this work, electrospray deposition is used to generate a spatially preserved linear track of the separated sample on a specially designed DIOS chip. The total sequence coverage analysis of two model protein systems was evaluated by both LC‐DIOS‐MS and nanoLC ESI tandem MS (MS/MS). LC‐DIOS‐MS yielded improved sequence coverage for both of the model systems (between 99.5 and 100%) compared with traditional LC‐ESI‐MS/MS analysis (between 82 and 87.6%). In addition to improved sequence coverage determination, LC‐DIOS‐MS also offers the potential for high‐throughput protein characterization.
Botulinum toxin type A inhibits sensory neuropeptide release in rat bladder models of acute injury and chronic inflammation (2008)

The application of BTX-A inhibits the release of sensory neurotransmitters from isolated bladder preparations in rat bladder models of both acute injury and chronic inflammation, suggesting a potential clinical benefit of BTX-A in the treatment of neurogenic inflammation.
Methylation patterns of <i>IGFBP7</i> in colon cancer cell lines are associated with levels of gene expression (2007)

Altered expression of insulin-like growth factor binding protein 7 (IGFBP7) has been found in colon cancer, but the exact regulatory mechanism has not been fully investigated. In order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying aberrant IGFBP7 expression in colon cancer, we used bisulphite sequencing PCR (BSP) to detect the detailed methylation profiles of the IGFBP7 5' CpG island. Exon 1 of the IGFBP7 gene was highly methylated in IGFBP7-negative cell lines but unmethylated in IGFBP7-positive lines. The methylation status of the promoter region and the intron 1 region was not so discriminating in IGFBP7-positive and -negative cell lines. Methylation-specific PCR (MSP) confirmed the hypermethylation of IGFBP7 exon 1 in IGFBP7-negative cell lines. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) induced demethylation of the CpG island in exon 1 of IGFBP7, as examined by both MSP and bisulphate genomic sequencing. Furthermore, the expression of IGFBP7 was restored, as detected by both RT-PCR and immunocytochemistry. Our study is the first to provide detailed methylation profiles of the IGFBP7 5' CpG island and shows that hypermethylation of the CpG island in exon 1 of IGFBP7 is closely related to the absence of its expression in colon cancer cells.
SiO 2 Film Grown On Glass In Aqueous Solution (1989)

Si02 film deposition on a glass was made by LPD method (Liquid Phase Deposition). This process involes the deposition and growth of Si02 layer on glass surface while immersing it in hexafluorosilicic acid (H2SiF6) solution supersaturated with silica. In this study, the influence of the impurities and H2SiF6 concentration in the solution on Si02 film properties was investigated by use of SIMS, ICP, Ellipsometry,IRRS and etch rate measurement. The results showed that LPD based Si02 film composition was scarcely affected by the concentration of such impurities as Na, K and Ca contained in the solution. Furthermore it was found that higher H2SiF6 concentration led to Si02 film with lower refractive index and lower etch rate. To have proper understanding of these apparently inconsistent results, the specific role of fluorine contained in the solution and the film was discussed.
Nanolayer Reinforcement of Elastomeric Polyurethane (1998)

The first examples of thermoset polyurethane−clay nanocomposites have been prepared by curing a polyurethane network in the presence of alkylammonium-exchanged forms of montmorillonite. A unique stress−strain behavior was observed for the elastomeric nanocomposites. The reinforcement effects of the silicate nanolayers not only greatly improved the tensile properties of the matrix but the strain-at-break also increased with increasing clay loading. Thus, nanocomposite formation both strengthens and toughens the elastomeric matrix compared to the pristine polymer.
The Nonlinear Equatorial Kelvin Wave (1980)

Using the method of strained coordinates, a uniformly valid approximation to the nonlinear equatorial Kelvin wave is derived. It is shown that nonlinear effects are negligible for the Kelvin waves associated with the Gulf of Guinea upwelling. The Kelvin waves involved in El Nino, however, are significantly distorted both in shape and speed. The leading edge is smoothed and expanded rather than steepened, but the trailing edge will form sharp fronts and eventually break.
Instrument and specimen shape for biaxial testing of paper (1981)

An adaptation of the Monch and Galster (1963) specimen form to the biaxial tensile testing of paper is described. This form gives a known, uniform, biaxial stress field. A versatile test instrument for use with such specimens, as well as with wet or dry uniaxial ones, is also described. Poisson's ratio values of well-bonded, isotropic handsheets measured in the elastic region with this equipment are closer to the expected value of approximately one-third than earlier measurements made on equipment using other specimens shapes. Good agreement is observed among Poisson's ratio measurements made biaxially and those made uniaxially on the same specimens. Also, agreement is reasonable with measurements made with an ultrasonic technique.
Power tools for copying and moving (2009)

Copy and move operations have long been supported by interactive desktops through various means. But the growing number of on-screen objects makes these means harder to use. In this note, we present new tools and techniques to enhance the existing ones: a selection, copy and drag history manager; two techniques to expose the user's desk and leaf through stacks of overlapping windows; and a technique that integrates the previous two with conventional drag-and-drop.
Identification of a new plant extract for androgenic alopecia treatment using a non-radioactive human hair dermal papilla cell-based assay (2015)

Avicennia marina (AM) was identified as a potential candidate for the treatment of AGA based on its 5α-R1-inhibitory activity.
Beyond PASCAL: A benchmark for 3D object detection in the wild (2014)

3D object detection and pose estimation methods have become popular in recent years since they can handle ambiguities in 2D images and also provide a richer description for objects compared to 2D object detectors. However, most of the datasets for 3D recognition are limited to a small amount of images per category or are captured in controlled environments. In this paper, we contribute PASCAL3D+ dataset, which is a novel and challenging dataset for 3D object detection and pose estimation. PASCAL3D+ augments 12 rigid categories of the PASCAL VOC 2012 [4] with 3D annotations. Furthermore, more images are added for each category from ImageNet [3]. PASCAL3D+ images exhibit much more variability compared to the existing 3D datasets, and on average there are more than 3,000 object instances per category. We believe this dataset will provide a rich testbed to study 3D detection and pose estimation and will help to significantly push forward research in this area. We provide the results of variations of DPM [6] on our new dataset for object detection and viewpoint estimation in different scenarios, which can be used as baselines for the community. Our benchmark is available online at http://cvgl.stanford.edu/projects/pascal3d.
ChemInform Abstract: NEW SYNTHETIC APPROACH FOR PYRAZOLO(3,4‐B) PYRAZINES AND ISOXAZOLO(4,5‐B) PYRAZINES (1982)

Abstract Auf den im Formelschema angegebenen Wegen werden aus dem Pyrazinderivat (I) die kondensierten Heterocyclen (III) und (IX) hergestellt.
Notes (1945)

R. F. Naylor, G. T. Newbold and F. S. Spring, J. Chem. Soc., 1945, 247 DOI: 10.1039/JR9450000247
The Thermodynamic Efficiency of Fuel Cells (1976)

The methods of chemical thermodynamics prove useful in the study of fuel cells despite the fact that normally only equilibrium properties can be discussed. There are two main avenues which can be explored. First, a study of the thermodynamics of the Carnot cycle for a perfectly reversible heat engine will show that there is a limiting efficiency which restricts the usefulness of any heat engine (as was mentioned in the previous chapter), and this can be compared with the possible efficiency of a fuel cell. Secondly, the electromotive force of a fuel cell (that is the maximum potential difference across the electrodes of a cell when no current is being taken from it) can be calculated by considering the electrochemical equilibrium set up when a fuel cell is studied potentiometrically.
The study of traction control system for Omni-directional electric vehicle (2011)

Traction control system is studied based on the Omni-directional vehicle which is built by our research group. The research mainly involves two aspects, vehicle state estimation and vehicle traction control logic design. Extended Kalman Estimation relying on multiple degrees of freedom vehicle model is used to estimate vehicle longitudinal speed, lateral speed, side slip angle, and yaw rate. Traction control system calculates tire slip ratios of four wheels according to the estimated vehicle velocity, and then traction control logic is designed by PID control. Simulations based on Carsim and Matlab/Simulink show that vehicle state estimation algorithm estimates vehicle speed, side slip angle and yaw rate effectively, and traction control logic can prevent wheel from excessive spinning using by the estimated slip ratio to improve vehicle acceleration performance and directional stability.
Direct determination of naturally occurring biologically active compound–serum albumin conjugate by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (2000)

Opium alkaloids were conjugated with bovine serum albumin (BSA) to give individual antigen conjugates which were analyzed using BSA as an internal standard by matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometry. It became clear that 9 molecules of thebaine were conjugated in a thebaine–BSA conjugate. Codeine and morphine contents in individual conjugates were determined to be 12 and 6 molecules, respectively. Using a relative molecular mass of BSA, 11.5 molecules of forskolin conjugated with BSA. Tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA)–carrier protein conjugates using β ‐alanine or without β ‐alanine as a linker were analyzed. From these results it became evident that the hapten molecules of THCA– β ‐alanine–BSA, THCA–BSA, THCA– β ‐alanine–human serum albumin (HSA) and THCA–HSA were 17.2, 12.7, 27.8 and 54.4, respectively. Crocin–HSA conjugates were synthesized by two methods using succinate and NaIO 4 cleavage of sugar moiety. A broad molecular peak of crocin–HSA conjugate appeared at around m/z 98,342 resulting in 30 molecules of crocin‐hemisuccinate conjugated with HSA. The crocin–HSA synthesized via NaIO 4 oxidation showed a sharp molecular peak around 69,504 compared to that of hemisuccinate preparation. The number of crocin combined with HSA was, however, smaller 3.1 molecules. Analysis of monoclonal antibody by MALDI mass spectrometry determined the exact molecular weight and their purities.
Ideal gas thermodynamic properties of methanoic and ethanoic acids (1978)

The thermodynamic properties (H0−H00, (G0−H00)/T, (H0−H00)/T, S0, Cp0, ΔHf0, ΔGf0, and log Kf] for methanoic (formic) and ethanoic (acetic) acid monomers and dimers in the ideal gaseous state over the temperature range from 0 to 1500 K and 1 atm have been calculated by the statistical thermodynamic method using the most recent and reliable molecular and spectroscopic constants. The internal rotational contributions of −OH and −CH3 rotors to the thermodynamic properties were evaluated based on internal rotation partition functions formed by summation of calculated internal rotation energy levels. On an assumption that the vapor contains only monomers and dimers, the thermodynamic properties for the monomer-dimer equilibrium mixture of methanoic and ethanoic acids in ideal gaseous state were derived. The results are in agreement with available experimental data.
Weight-Reducing Effects of the Plasma Protein Encoded by the <i>obese</i> Gene (1995)

The gene product of the ob locus is important in the regulation of body weight. The ob product was shown to be present as a 16-kilodalton protein in mouse and human plasma but was undetectable in plasma from C57BL/6J ob/ob mice. Plasma levels of this protein were increased in diabetic (db) mice, a mutant thought to be resistant to the effects of ob. Daily intraperitoneal injections of either mouse or human recombinant OB protein reduced the body weight of ob/ob mice by 30 percent after 2 weeks of treatment with no apparent toxicity but had no effect on db/db mice. The protein reduced food intake and increased energy expenditure in ob/ob mice. Injections of wild-type mice twice daily with the mouse protein resulted in a sustained 12 percent weight loss, decreased food intake, and a reduction of body fat from 12.2 to 0.7 percent. These data suggest that the OB protein serves an endocrine function to regulate body fat stores.
COSMIC: a middleware for event-based interaction on CAN (2004)

Distributed factory automation systems benefit from field-busses which, in general, provide support for reliable and timely communication. These field-buses, however, provide rather low level communication objects and their features regarding quality aspects of communication are difficult to access and use for applications. The paper presents COSMIC (cooperating smart devices), a middleware architecture which allows the use of communication abstraction for high level applications based on distributed cooperating objects. The middleware supports an event-based communication model which enables spontaneous dissemination of events, maintains control autonomy of objects and allows to specify different real-time and reliability requirements on the application level. The basic abstractions presented at the middleware layer are events and event channels. As an example, the paper describes how these abstractions are mapped to CAN-Bus which constitutes a widely used field-bus standard.
Light emission and enhanced nonlinearity in nanophotonic waveguide circuits by III–V/silicon-on-insulator heterogeneous integration (2008)

The heterogeneous integration of a III–V thin film on top of a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) optical waveguide circuit by means of adhesive divinylsiloxane-benzocyclobutene (DVS-BCB) die-to-wafer bonding is demonstrated, thereby achieving light emission and enhanced nonlinearity in ultracompact SOI cavities. This approach requires ultrathin DVS-BCB bonding layers to allow the highly confined optical mode to overlap with the bonded III–V film. The transfer of sub-100-nm III–V layers using a 65 nm DVS-BCB bonding layer onto SOI racetrack resonator structures is demonstrated. Spontaneous emission coupled to a SOI bus waveguide, spectrally centered around the resonator resonances, is observed by optically pumping the III–V layer. Strong carrier-induced nonlinearities are observed in the transmission characteristics of the III–V/SOI resonator structure. The all-optical control of an optical signal in these III–V/SOI resonators is demonstrated.
Characteristics of 454 pyrosequencing data—enabling realistic simulation with flowsim (2010)

Flowsim is freely available under the General Public License from http://blog.malde.org/index.php/flowsim/.
A Comparative Evaluation of Algorithms in the Implementation of an Ultra-Secure Router-to-Router Key Exchange System (2017)

This paper presents a comparative evaluation of possible encryption algorithms for use in a self-contained, ultra-secure router-to-router communication system, first proposed by El Rifai and Verma. The original proposal utilizes a discrete logarithm-based encryption solution, which will be compared in this paper to RSA, AES, and ECC encryption algorithms. RSA certificates are widely used within the industry but require a trusted key generation and distribution architecture. AES and ECC provide advantages in key length, processing requirements, and storage space, also maintaining an arbitrarily high level of security. This paper modifies each of the four algorithms for use within the self-contained router-to-router environment system and then compares them in terms of features offered, storage space and data transmission needed, encryption/decryption efficiency, and key generation requirements.
Chromosome partition in Escherichia coli requires postreplication protein synthesis (1989)

After inhibition of protein synthesis, the number of nuclear bodies (nucleoids) visible in cells of Escherichia coli B/rA corresponded closely to the number of completely replicated chromosomes. We calculated that nucleoid partition follows almost immediately after replication forks reach the chromosome terminus. We show that such a partition is dependent on protein synthesis and that this may reflect the requirement that cells must achieve a certain minimum length before partition (and subsequent cell division) can take place.