gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bias temperature instability in scaled p/sup +/ polysilicon gate p-MOSFET's (1999)

The bias temperature instability in surface-channel p/sup +/ polysilicon gate p-MOSFETs was evaluated. It was found that a large negative threshold voltage shift (/spl Delta/V/sub th,BT/) is induced by negative bias temperature (BT) stress in short-channel p/sup +/ polysilicon gate p-MOSFETs. This Vth shift, which depends on the gate length of p-MOSFETs, is a new degradation mode. In this degradation, the negative /spl Delta/V/sub th,BT/ increases significantly with a reduction in the gate length. It was shown that this is because of the local degradation of the gate oxide near the gate edge. This degradation is caused by the electrochemical reaction between holes and oxide defects and it is enhanced by boron penetration through the gate oxide from p/sup +/-gate. For the bias temperature instability in p/sup +/-gate p-MOSFETs, sufficient care should be taken in scaled dual-gate CMOS devices.
GMSK modulation for deep space applications (2012)

Due to scarcity of spectrum at 8.42 GHz deep space X-band allocation, many deep space missions are now considering the use of higher order modulation schemes instead of the traditional binary phase shift keying (BPSK). One such scheme is pre-coded Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK). GMSK is an excellent candidate for deep space missions. GMSK is a constant envelope, bandwidth efficient modulation whose frame error rate (FER) performance with perfect carrier tracking and proper receiver structure is nearly identical to that of BPSK. There are several issues that need to be addressed with GMSK however. Specifically, we are interested in the combined effects of spectrum limitations and receiver structure on the coded performance of the X-band link using GMSK. The receivers that are typically used for GMSK demodulations are variations on offset quadrature phase shift keying (OQPSK) receivers. In this paper we consider three receivers: the standard DSN OQPSK receiver, DSN OQPSK receiver with filtered input, and an optimum OQPSK receiver with filtered input. For the DSN OQPSK receiver we show experimental results with (8920, 1/2), (8920, 1/3) and (8920, 1/6) turbo codes in terms of their error rate performance. We also consider the tracking performance of this receiver as a function of data rate, channel code and the carrier loop signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). For the other two receivers we derive theoretical results that will show that for a given loop bandwidth, a receiver structure, and a channel code, there is a lower data rate limit on the GMSK below which a higher SNR than what is required to achieve the required FER on the link is needed. These limits stem from the minimum loop signal-to-noise ratio requirements on the receivers for achieving lock. As a result of this, for a given channel code and a given FER, there could be a gap between the maximum data rate that BPSK can support without violating the spectrum limits and the minimum data rate that GMSK can support with the required FER depending on the type of GMSK receiver that is used.
High-Frequency Rugose Exopolysaccharide Production by <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> (2002)

Vibrio cholerae can shift to a "rugose" phenotype, thereby producing copious exopolysaccharide (EPS), which promotes its environmental survival and persistence. We report conditions that promote high-frequency rugose EPS production (HFRP), whereby cells switch at high frequency (up to 80%) to rugose EPS production. HFRP appeared to be more common in clinical strains, as HFRP was found in 6 of 19 clinical strains (32%) (including classical, El Tor, and non-O1 strains) but in only 1 of 16 environmental strains (6%). Differences were found between strains in rugose colony morphology, conditions promoting HFRP, the frequency of rugose-to-smooth (R-S) cell reversion, and biofilm formation. We propose that rugose EPS and HFRP provide an evolutionary and adaptive advantage to specific epidemic V. cholerae strains for increased persistence in the environment.
Ferro electric-materials as storage elements for digital computers and switching systems (1952)

The growing need for improved types of data storage systems in both the digital computer and telephone switching fields has led to the investigation of ferroelectric materials as memory devices. Among the objectives in developing these devices have been low power consumption while storing or reading out information, memory access times of one microsecond or less, small size per bit of memory, simplified low cost construction and high reliability. This paper presents an explanation of the operation of a basic storage circuit employing a ferroelectric material, requirements for suitable materials, descriptions of several types of circuits employing ferroelectrics. and experimental data obtained with operating circuits.
Effect of Cu Content on Corrosion Behavior of 7xxx Series Aluminum Alloys (2004)

The corrosion behavior of 7xxx aluminum alloys with various Cu content was investigated using polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques. Two breakdown potentials were found in Cu-containing alloys in deaerated chloride solution, and the values increased logarithmically with increasing Cu content. However, in aerated chloride solution, polarization resistance as determined by EIS decreased with increasing Cu content. The first breakdown potential corresponded to transient dissolution associated with attack of the fine hardening particles and the surrounding solid solution in a thin surface layer. The second breakdown potential was associated with combined intergranular and selective grain attack. The correlation between the microstructure, especially Cu content, and corrosion behavior was made by composition analysis of the grain boundary regions including precipitate free zone and grain boundary precipitates as well as the matrix by scanning transmission electron microscopy. The corrosion potential increased with increasing alloy Cu content in aerated chloride solutions because of enhanced rates of oxygen reduction. This degraded the corrosion resistance despite the increase in the breakdown potentials with Cu content.
Cytosine Deaminase as a Negative Selection Marker for Gene Disruption and Replacement in the Genus <i>Streptomyces</i> and Other Actinobacteria (2008)

We developed a novel negative selection system for actinobacteria based on cytosine deaminase (CodA). We constructed vectors that include a synthetic gene encoding the CodA protein from Escherichia coli optimized for expression in Streptomyces species. Gene disruption and the introduction of an unmarked in-frame deletion were successfully achieved with these vectors.
CD36-specific antibodies block release of HIV-1 from infected primary macrophages and its transmission to T cells (2013)

HIV-1-infected macrophages likely represent viral reservoirs, as they accumulate newly formed virions in internal virus-containing compartments (VCCs). However, the nature and biogenesis of VCCs remain poorly defined. We show that upon HIV-1 infection of primary human macrophages, Gag is recruited to preexisting compartments containing the scavenger receptor CD36, which then become VCCs. Silencing of CD36 in HIV-1-infected macrophages decreases the amount of virions released. Strikingly, soluble anti-CD36 antibodies, but not the natural ligands of CD36, inhibit release of virions from HIV-1-infected macrophages and the transmission of virus to CD4(+) T cells. The effect of the antibodies is potent, rapid, and induces the retention of virions within VCCs. Ectopic expression of CD36 in HeLa cells renders them susceptible to the inhibitory effect of the anti-CD36 mAb upon HIV-1 infection. We show that the anti-CD36 mAb inhibits HIV-1 release by clustering newly formed virions at their site of budding, and that signaling via CD36 is not required. Thus, HIV-1 reservoirs in macrophages may be tackled therapeutically using anti-CD36 antibodies to prevent viral dissemination.
Molecular cloning of growth hormone (GH) cDNA from mud carp and the growth--promoting effects of the recombinant mcGH (2004)

The total RNA has been isolated from the pituitary of mud carp, and the cDNA-encoding growth hormone (GH) peptide has been amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR) strategy. The mcGH cDNA was composed of 567 nucleotides and encoded a 188 amino-acid putative peptide. The modified gene encoding the mature peptide of mud carp GH was subcloned into pQE30 to construct expression vector pQE30-mcGH, the construction was then transformed into M15(pREP4) . SDS-PAGE analysis showed that the bacteria containing the pQE30-mcGH generated the special protein band about 24.5 kDa, and the expression level reached up to 32.13% of the total bacterial proteins. Western blotting indicated that the expressed recombinant protein was mcGH. The recombinant protein was mainly in the form of inclusion body. The expressed protein was denatured and renatured and then purified using a Ni-chelating Sepharose affinity column. The purified and lyophilized rmcGH was dissolved in the sterile saline and was injected tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) intraperitoneally at the dose of O.5ug.g~(-1) body weight week1 for one tested group, and l.5ug.g~(-1) body weight week1 for another, and control group was treated with sterile saline without rmcGH. After 4 week injections, the growth rate of juvenile tilapia injected with purified rmcGH ,was found to be 23.42% and 62.48% higher than the control at the dose 0.5 and 1.5ug.g~(-1) body weight week1 respectively, the analysis of t test indicated rrncGH showed the significant growth-promoting effects in body weight and body length on tilapia (P < 0.05) with significant difference.
Anxiolytic Effects of Repeated Cannabidiol Treatment in Teenagers With Social Anxiety Disorders (2019)

Accumulated evidence indicates that cannabidiol (CBD), a nonpsychotomimetic and nonaddictive main component of the <i>Cannabis sativa</i> plant, reverses anxiety-like behavior. The purpose of the present study was to assess the efficacy of CBD treatment for Japanese late teenagers with social anxiety disorder (SAD). Thirty-seven 18-19-year-old Japanese teenagers with SAD and avoidant personality disorder received, in a double-blind study, cannabis oil (<i>n</i> = 17) containing 300 mg CBD or placebo (<i>n</i> = 20) daily for 4 weeks. SAD symptoms were measured at the beginning and end of the treatment period using the Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire and the Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale. CBD significantly decreased anxiety measured by both scales. The results indicate that CBD could be a useful option to treat social anxiety.
Phase-only liquid crystal spatial light modulator for wavefront correction with high precision (2004)

We introduce a novel parallel-aligned liquid-crystal (LC) spatial light modulator (SLM) that has been designed to operate in a phase-only mode for wave-front correction. We measured and analyzed theoretically the electro-optic characteristics of the LC SLM and obtained a peak-to-valley value of 0.07049lambda(lambda= 0.6328microm) after correction. A Strehl ratio of 0.989 indicates the approximate upper limit of an aberrated wave front that the LC SLM can correct when it is used in an adaptive optical system.
Bridging Languages through Images with Deep Partial Canonical Correlation Analysis (2018)

We present a deep neural network that leverages images to improve bilingual text embeddings. Relying on bilingual image tags and descriptions, our approach conditions text embedding induction on the shared visual information for both languages, producing highly correlated bilingual embeddings. In particular, we propose a novel model based on Partial Canonical Correlation Analysis (PCCA). While the original PCCA finds linear projections of two views in order to maximize their canonical correlation conditioned on a shared third variable, we introduce a non-linear Deep PCCA (DPCCA) model, and develop a new stochastic iterative algorithm for its optimization. We evaluate PCCA and DPCCA on multilingual word similarity and cross-lingual image description retrieval. Our models outperform a large variety of previous methods, despite not having access to any visual signal during test time inference. 1
Context management for end user development of context-aware applications (2005)

Mobile device context-aware features should be closely coupled to the end user demands. This is achieved by enabling end user development of context-aware applications. A context framework and a tool are presented for facilitating easy customization of context-aware features into existing mobile terminal applications. A blackboard-based context framework for mobile devices is extended with a component for handling user-defined context-action rules, and a component for activating application actions. Example cases of context-aware features customized with the implemented framework and the tool are presented, with discussion of the potential scope of end user development in mobile devices.
Tracking sperm whales with a towed acoustic vector sensor (2010)

Passive acoustic towed linear arrays are increasingly used to detect marine mammal sounds during mobile anthropogenic activities. However, these arrays cannot resolve between signals arriving from the port or starboard without vessel course changes or multiple cable deployments, and their performance is degraded by vessel self-noise and non-acoustic mechanical vibration. In principle acoustic vector sensors can resolve these directional ambiguities, as well as flag the presence of non-acoustic contamination, provided that the vibration-sensitive sensors can be successfully integrated into compact tow modules. Here a vector sensor module attached to the end of a 800 m towed array is used to detect and localize 1813 sperm whale "clicks" off the coast of Sitka, AK. Three methods were used to identify frequency regimes relatively free of non-acoustic noise contamination, and then the active intensity (propagating energy) of the signal was computed between 4-10 kHz along three orthogonal directions, providing unambiguous bearing estimates of two sperm whales over time. These bearing estimates are consistent with those obtained via conventional methods, but the standard deviations of the vector sensor bearing estimates are twice those of the conventionally-derived bearings. The resolved ambiguities of the bearings deduced from vessel course changes match the vector sensor predictions.
Performance-index functions as a simulation design tool to improve the large-signal time-domain response of switch-mode converters (1985)

Performance-index functions are proposed as quantitative measures of the quality of the large-signal time-domain response of regulated energy-storage dc-to-dc converters. By using a particular performance-index function as a simulation design guide, improved transient response of a regulated converter has been obtained, substantiating the utility of performance-index functions.
Optimal control of the M/G/1 queue with repeated vacations of the server (2005)

An M/G/1 queue is considered where the server may take repeated vacations. Whenever a busy period terminates, the server takes a vacation of random duration. At the end of each vacation, the server may either take a new vacation or resume service. If the queue is found empty, the server always takes a new vacation. The cost structure includes a holding cost per unit of time and per customer in the system and a cost each time the server is turned on. One discounted cost criterion and two average cost criteria are investigated. It is shown that the vacation policy that minimizes the discounted cost criterion over all policies (randomized, history dependent, etc.) converges to a threshold policy as the discount factor goes to zero. This result relies on a nonstandard use of the value iteration algorithm of dynamic programming, and is used to prove that both average cost problems are minimized by a threshold policy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 2.4ps resolution 2.1mW second-order noise-shaped time-to-digital converter with 3.2ns range in 1MHz bandwidth (2010)

A time-to-digital converter (TDC) employs a phase-reference second-order continuous-time delta-sigma modulator to achieve high resolution and low power. The modulator operates on the phase of the input signal and generates an equivalent noise-shaped one-bit output data stream. Fabricated in an LP 90nm CMOS process, the prototype TDC achieves better than 2.4ps resolution over a 3.2ns range in a 1MHz signal bandwidth while consuming 2.1mW from a 1.2V supply.
Silylation and dry development of three component resists for half-micron lithography (1990)

The study of the SAL 601 shows that E-Beam exposure induces selectivity in the diffusion of silylating agents. Two different mechanisms are responsible for silicon incorporation. The HMDS diffusion and reaction in the novolak matrix have been studied as a function of the thermal properties of the polymer. Two main silylation processes have been found by the modification of silicon incorporation mechanisms versus the silylation temperature. Different silylation tools and etchers have been tested in order to achieve correct patterns. Mask formation and grass phenomena have been studied and a model with aggregates formation has been developed. Silicon incorporation into the three different component resists has been studied versus the main silylation parameters. Submicron patterns have been achieved for different processes. This paper demonstrates that three component resists can be silylated by the use of different silylation processes and are good candidates for half-micron lithography.
Quantum dot amplifiers with high output power and low noise (2003)

Quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifiers have been theoretically investigated and are predicted to achieve high saturated output power, large gain, and low noise figure. We discuss the device dynamics and, in particular, show that the presence of highly inverted barrier states does not limit the performance of these devices.
Redistribution of As during Pd2Si formation: Ion channeling measurements (1982)

We have investigated the redistribution of As during Pd2Si formation with ion channeling technique. The results show that both interstitial As and substitutional As in the Si are pushed ahead by the moving silicide-silicon interface during the growth of Pd2Si at 250 °C. This effect increases the As concentration in a region of about 100 Å beyond the interface. A model for the mechanism of As redistribution during silicide formation is suggested and implications of the effect on electrical characteristics of Schottky diodes and shallow junction devices are discussed.
Mechanistic Evidence for an α-Oxoketene Pathway in the Formation of β-Ketoamides/Esters via Meldrum's Acid Adducts (2004)

A practical, one-pot process for the preparation of beta-keto amides via a three-component reaction, including Meldrum's acid, an amine, and a carboxylic acid, has been developed. Key to development of an efficient, high-yielding process was an in-depth understanding of the mechanism of the multistep process. Kinetic studies were carried out via online IR monitoring and subsequent principal component analysis which provided a means of profiling the concentration of both the anionic and free acid forms of the Meldrum's adduct 6 in real time. These studies, both in the presence and absence of nucleophiles, strongly suggest that formation of beta-keto amides from acyl Meldrum's acids occurs via alpha-oxoketene species 2 and rule out other possible reaction pathways proposed in the literature, such as via protonated alpha-oxoketene intermediates 3 or nucleophilic addition-elimination pathways.
Adiponectin Regulates Cutaneous Wound Healing by Promoting Keratinocyte Proliferation and Migration via the ERK Signaling Pathway (2012)

Diabetic patients are at high risk of developing delayed cutaneous wound healing. Adiponectin plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of diabetes and is considered to be involved in various pathological conditions associated with diabetes; however, its role in wound repair is unknown. In this study, we elucidated the involvement of adiponectin in cutaneous wound healing in vitro and in vivo. Normal human keratinocytes expressed adiponectin receptors, and adiponectin enhanced proliferation and migration of keratinocytes in vitro. This proliferative and migratory effect of adiponectin was mediated via AdipoR1/AdipoR2 and the ERK signaling pathway. Consistent with in vitro results, wound closure was significantly delayed in adiponectin-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice, and more importantly, keratinocyte proliferation and migration during wound repair were also impaired in adiponectin-deficient mice. Furthermore, both systemic and topical administration of adiponectin ameliorated impaired wound healing in adiponectin-deficient and diabetic db/db mice, respectively. Collectively, these results indicate that adiponectin is a potent mediator in the regulation of cutaneous wound healing. We propose that upregulation of systemic and/or local adiponectin levels is a potential and very promising therapeutic approach for dealing with diabetic wounds.
Van der Waals forces (1970)

Summary Summary Van der Waals forces are among the forces that attract atoms and molecules together. Their importance follows from two unique properties. Firstly, they are universal. All atoms and molecules attract one another through this mechanism, so they account for phenomena, such as the cohesion of the inert gases in the solid and liquid states, and physical adsorption of molecules to solid surfaces, where no normal chemical bonds are formed. Secondly, the force is still significant when the molecules are comparatively far apart, and it is additive for large numbers of molecules. Van der Waals forces affect various properties of gases, and also give rise to an attractive force between two solid objects separated by a small gap, which is important in adhesion and in the stability of colloids. When the molecules are some distance apart the theoretical expressions for the force are particularly simple, and have now been verified experimentally, both for two isolated molecules and for two solid objects separated by a small gap.
A method for the analysis of ramp-inherent linearity distortions in automotive radar applications (2015)

Through the use of sensors to provide information about the vehicles surroundings, driver assistance systems increase traffic safety. These sensors must not deliver wrong data due to noise or external distortion. In FMCW Radar systems additionally a highly linear ramp is essential. Hence nonlinear ramps have direct impact on the baseband spectrum. Weak targets could be covered and therefore not detected. This paper describes a method for evaluating the RF ramp linearity, based on analysis of the baseband signal. Therefore the analysis is easier, as the baseband frequency is only a few MHz depending on chirp modulation parameters and target distance. The instantaneous frequency is measured, so that deviations from the ideal slope can be detected immediately. Results are compared with simulations and high frequency measurements with a commercial availably spectrum analyzer which calculates the mean frequency deviation over a high number of ramps.
Large Randomized Study of Thymosin α 1, Interferon Alfa, or Both in Combination With Dacarbazine in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma (2010)

These results suggest Talpha1 has activity in patients with metastatic melanoma and provide rationale for further clinical evaluation of this agent.