gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti‐atrophy effects of clenbuterol are mediated by the β2‐adrenergic receptor (2002)

Analyses were performed to evaluate the roles of the beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors in the skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti-atrophy response to the beta-adrenergic agonist, clenbuterol. Treatment of wild-type mice with clenbuterol resulted in statistically significant hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles and inhibition of denervation-induced atrophy of these muscles. Treatment of beta1-adrenergic receptor knockout mice with clenbuterol also resulted in statistically significant hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles and inhibition of denervation-induced atrophy of these muscles. In contrast, in beta2-adrenergic receptor knockout mice and in mice lacking both the beta1- and beta2-adrenergic receptors, clenbuterol treatment did not result in hypertrophy of the innervated tibialis anterior and medial gastrocnemius muscles, nor did it inhibit denervation-induced atrophy in these muscles. Together these data demonstrate that the beta2-adrenergic receptor is responsible for both the skeletal muscle hypertrophy and anti-atrophy effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist clenbuterol.
Protein Kinase C α but not PKCζ Suppresses Intestinal Tumor Formation in <i>ApcMin/+</i> Mice (2006)

Members of the protein kinase C (PKC) family of serine/threonine kinases play key regulatory roles in numerous cellular processes, including differentiation and proliferation. Of the 11 mammalian PKC isoforms known, several have been implicated in tumor development and progression. However, in most cases, isotype specificity is poorly defined, and even contrary functions for a single PKC have been reported mostly because appropriate molecular and genetic tools were missing to specifically assess the contribution of single PKC isoforms in vivo. In this report, we therefore used PKC genetic targeting to study the role of PKCalpha and PKCzeta in colorectal cancer. Both isoforms were found to be strongly down-regulated in intestinal tumors of ApcMin/+ mice. A deletion of PKCzeta did not affect tumorigenesis in this animal model. In contrast, PKCalpha-deficient ApcMin/+ mice developed more aggressive tumors and died significantly earlier than their PKCalpha-proficient littermates. Even without an additional Apc mutation, PKCalpha knockout mice showed an elevated tendency to develop spontaneous intestinal tumors. Transcriptional profiling revealed a role for this kinase in regulating epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling and proposed a synergistic mechanism for EGFR/activator protein and WNT/APC pathways in mediating intestinal tumor development.
The Tn3 beta-lactamase gene acts as a hotspot for meiotic recombination in yeast. (1991)

Although genetic distances are often assumed to be proportional to physical distances, chromosomal regions with unusually high (hotspots) or low (coldspots) levels of meiotic recombination have been described in a number of genetic systems. In general, the DNA sequences responsible for these effects have not been determined. We report that the 5' region of the beta-lactamase (ampR) gene of the bacterial transposon Tn3 is a hotspot for meiotic recombination when inserted into the chromosomes of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. When these sequences are homozygous, both crossing over and gene conversion are locally stimulated. The 5' end of the beta-lactamase gene is about 100-fold "hotter" for crossovers than an average yeast DNA sequence.
Interaction between Functional Domains of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Insecticidal Crystal Proteins (1999)

Interactions among the three structural domains of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1 toxins were investigated by functional analysis of chimeric proteins. Hybrid genes were prepared by exchanging the regions coding for either domain I or domain III among Cry1Ab, Cry1Ac, Cry1C, and Cry1E. The activity of the purified trypsin-activated chimeric toxins was evaluated by testing their effects on the viability and plasma membrane permeability of Sf9 cells. Among the parental toxins, only Cry1C was active against these cells and only chimeras possessing domain II from Cry1C were functional. Combination of domain I from Cry1E with domains II and III from Cry1C, however, resulted in an inactive toxin, indicating that domain II from an active toxin is necessary, but not sufficient, for activity. Pores formed by chimeric toxins in which domain I was from Cry1Ab or Cry1Ac were slightly smaller than those formed by toxins in which domain I was from Cry1C. The properties of the pores formed by the chimeras are therefore likely to result from an interaction between domain I and domain II or III. Domain III appears to modulate the activity of the chimeric toxins: combination of domain III from Cry1Ab with domains I and II of Cry1C gave a protein which was more strongly active than Cry1C.
Theoretical Studies on Structural, Magnetic, and Spintronic Characteristics of Sandwiched Eu<sub><i>n</i></sub>COT<sub><i>n</i>+1</sub> (<i>n</i> = 1−4) Clusters (2009)

Europium (Eu)-cyclootetatrene (COT = C(8)H(8)) multidecker clusters (Eu(n)COT(n+1), n = 1-4) are studied by relativistic density functional theory calculations. These clusters are found to be thermodynamically stable with freely rotatable COT rings, and their total magnetic moments (MMs) increase linearly along with the number of Eu atoms. Each Eu atom contributes about 7 mu(B) to the cluster. Meanwhile, the internal COT rings have little MM contribution while the external COT rings have about 1 mu(B) MM aligned in opposite direction to that of the Eu atoms. The total MM of the Eu(n)COT(n+1) clusters can thus be generalized as 7n - 2 mu(B) where n is the number of Eu atoms. Besides, the ground states of these clusters are ferromagnetic and energetically competitive with the antiferromagnetic states, meaning that their spin states are very unstable, especially for larger clusters. More importantly, we uncover an interesting bonding characteristic of these clusters in which the interior ionic structure is capped by two hybrid covalent-ionic terminals. We suggest that such a characteristic makes the Eu(n)COT(n+1) clusters extremely stable. Finally, we reveal that for the positively charged clusters, the hybrid covalent-ionic terminals will tip further toward the interior part of the clusters to form deeper covalent-ionic caps. In contrast, the negatively charged clusters turn to pure ionic structures.
Automatic face replacement for a humanoid robot with 3D face shape display (2012)

In this paper, we propose a method to apply any new face to a retro-projected 3D face system, the Mask-bot, which we have developed as a human-robot interface. The robot face using facial animation projected onto a 3D face mask can be quickly replaced by a new face based on a single frontal image of any person. Our contribution is to apply an automatic face replacement technique with the modified texture morphable model fitting to the 3D face mask. Using our technique, a face model displayed on Mask-bot can be automatically replaced within approximately 3 seconds, which makes Mask-bot widely suitable to applications such as video conferencing and cognitive experiments.
A Method of Object-based De-duplication (2011)

Today, the world is increasingly awash in more and more unstructured data, not only because of the Internet, but also because data that used to be collected on paper or media such as film, DVDs and compact discs has moved online [1]. Most of this data is unstructured and in diverse formats such as e-mail, documents, graphics, images, and videos. In managing unstructured data complexity and scalability, object storage has a clear advantage. Object-based data de-duplication is the current most advanced method and is the effective solution for detecting duplicate data. It can detect common embedded data for the first backup across completely unrelated files and even when physical block layout changes. However, almost all of the current researches on data de-duplication do not consider the content of different file types, and they do not have any knowledge of the backup data format. It has been proven that such method cannot achieve optimal performance for compound files. In our proposed system, we will first extract objects from files, Object_IDs are then obtained by applying hash function to the objects. The resulted Object_IDs are used to build as indexing keys in B+ tree like index structure, thus, we avoid the need for a full object index, the searching time for the duplicate objects reduces to O(log n).We introduce a new concept of a duplicate object resolver. The object resolver mediates access to all the objects and is a central point for managing all the metadata and indexes for all the objects. All objects are addressable by their IDs which is unique in the universe. The resolver stores metadata with triple format. This improved metadata management strategy allows us to set, add and resolve object properties with high flexibility, and allows the repeated use of the same metadata among duplicate object.
The Transport of Extremely Low-Frequency Electrical Signals Through an Acupuncture Meridian Compared to Nonmeridian Tissue (2011)

The ELF electric energy is transported somewhat more efficiently through the LI meridian compared to a nonmeridian control. The results were not dramatic, with some participants giving greater values on the control channel, but they were statistically significant.
Integrating information appliances into an interactive workspace (2000)

The authors present a robust, infrastructure-centric, and platform-independent approach to integrating information appliances into the iRoom, an interactive workspace. The Interactive Workspaces Project at Stanford explores new possibilities for people to work together in technology-rich spaces with computing and interaction devices on many different scales. It includes faculty and students from the areas of graphics, human-computer interaction (HCI), networking, ubiquitous computing, and databases, and draws on previous work in all those areas. We design and experiment with multidevice, multiuser environments based on a new architecture that makes it easy to create and add new display and input devices, to move work of all kinds from one computing device to another, and to support and facilitate group interactions. In the same way that today's standard operating systems make it feasible to write single-workstation software that uses multiple devices and networked resources, we are constructing a higher level operating system for the world of ubiquitous computing. We combine research on infrastructure (ways of flexibly configuring and connecting devices, processes, and communication links) with research on HCI (ways of interacting with heterogeneous changing collections of devices with multiple modalities).
Degradation of Alizarine Red-S (A Textiles Dye) by Photocatalysis using ZnO and TiO2 as Photocatalyst (2011)

The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of semiconductors like TiO2 and ZnO used to remove a hazardous Alizarin red-S a textile dye from aqueous solution. The adsorption of the Alizarin red-S was selected as a reference molecule for the adsorption studies. The experimental results show that TiO2 and ZnO can remove the Alizarin red-S from wastewater. The factor affecting rate process involved in the removal of dye for initial dye concentration, effect of various process parameters like initial dye concentration, contact time, dose of catalyst and pH. The adsorption rate data were analyzed using the pseudo first order of kinetics of Lagergren and Pseudo second order model to determine adsorption rate constant. The optimum contact time was fixed at 120 minutes for both TiO2 and ZnO. The well known Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equation were applied for the equilibrium. Beside the above the semiconducting materials have also been irradiated with Alizarin red-S before and after studied for SEM, EDX and XRD.
Dynamic Software Upgrading for Distributed System Based on R-OSGI (2008)

In this paper, we put forwards some questions about dynamic upgrading of distributed system based on R-OSGI. These questions include: how to deal with multiple dependent-servicespsila upgrading to preserve system statepsilas consistency; how to maintain service and its multi-proxiespsila upgrading; how to preserve proxies-type self-contained in system nodes. Accordingly, we propose corresponding solutions and a system prototype to support our solutions.
A monolithic audio spectrum analyzer (1983)

A monolithic audio spectrum analyzer with 16 channels of bandpass filters, half-wave rectifiers, and postfiltering has been fabricated with double-poly NMOS technology. The chip was designed using switched-capacitor filter techniques. It performs a total of 84 poles of filtering and contains 100 operational amplifiers in an area of 225 × 280 mils. A system dynamic range of better than 43 dB, linearity of better than 1 percent, and center frequency accuracy of better than 1 percent have been achieved.
Safe and timely updates to multi-threaded programs (2009)

Many dynamic updating systems have been developed that enable a program to be patched while it runs, to fix bugs or add new features. This paper explores techniques for supporting dynamic updates to multi-threaded programs, focusing on the problem of applying an update in a timely fashion while still producing correct behavior. Past work has shown that this tension of safety versus timeliness can be balanced for single-threaded programs. For multi-threaded programs, the task is more difficult because myriad thread interactions complicate understanding the possible program states to which a patch could be applied. Our approach allows the programmer to specify a few program points (e.g., one per thread) at which a patch may be applied, which simplifies reasoning about safety. To improve timeliness, a combination of static analysis and run-time support automatically expands these few points to many more that produce behavior equivalent to the originals. Experiments with thirteen realistic updates to three multi-threaded servers show that we can safely perform a dynamic update within milliseconds when more straightforward alternatives would delay some updates indefinitely.
『만엽집』 16번가에 잠재된 액전왕의 기분 (2003)

이 노래는 지금까지 題詞에 의해 天智天皇이 內大臣 藤原鎌足에게 命令하여, 「봄산의 asro한 꽃의 아름다움과 가을산의 단풍의 아름다움」의 정취를 조정의 대신들이 서로 판정하도록 했을 때, 額田王는 和歌로써 判定한 것으로 解釋되어 왔다. 그런데, 十六番歌는 「取る」라는 語가 三回 불리워지고 「置きてそ軟く」句도 結局 「取る」語에 구애되고 있어서 「取る」에 執着하고 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이것을 보면 額田王는 그 判定基準을 꽃이 아름다움과 가을산의 단풍의 아름다움보다 오히려 그것을 實際로 손에 들고 감상할 수 있는지에 비중을 두고 잇는 듯이 느껴진다. 게다가, 봄이 客觀的으로 불리워지는 데 반해, 가을은 「しのふ，嘆く，恨めし」라는 매우 感情이 깃들인 말이 사용된다. 그것은 十六番歌의 裏面에 額田王의 個人的인 감정이 투영되어 나타난 때문일 것이다. 本編는 이러한 관점에서, 이 노래가 불린 作家事情과 이와 관련하여 題詞에 보이는 「競燐」의 解釋과 作歌時期를 생각하고, 그 위에 當時 額田王과 둘러싸고 삼각관계에 있었다고도 일컬어지는 天智天皇·大海人皇子의 政治的狀況과 額田王의 天智天皇·大海人皇子에 대한 감정이 어떻게 오버랩되고 투영되어 있는지를 검토했다. 그 결과, 봄산에 관한 판단의 裏面에는, 표면적으로는 부인과 같은 위치에 있었지만 실제 부부관계에 있지 않았던 當時 陸盛期를 맞이한 天智天皇의 政治的狀況이 오버랩되고 額田王의 天皇에 대한 감정과 關係가 투영되어 그다지 깊은 정취와 隣情을 느끼지 못하고 객관적으로 불리워지고 있다. 한편, 가을산에 관한 판단에는 當時 政治的으로 역량이 있으면서도 약한 立場에 놓여 있는 저 남편인 大海人皇子가 오버랩되고 그에 대한 그리움과 한탄의 감정이 투영되어 있다. 그 때문에, 아직도 사모하는 감정을 갖고 있는 大海人皇子가 느껴지는 가을 산에 額田王는 정취와 隣情을 강하게 느끼고, 또 執着과 感情이 깃들인 말인 「しのふ，嘆く，恨めし」을 사용하고 있다고 생각된다.
STRÖMUNGSTECHNISCHE AUSLEGUNG UND OPTIMIERUNG EINER PERKUTAN IMPLANTIERBAREN MINIATUR-BLUTPUMPE (2002)

Article STRÖMUNGSTECHNISCHE AUSLEGUNG UND OPTIMIERUNG EINER PERKUTAN IMPLANTIERBAREN MINIATUR-BLUTPUMPE was published on January 1, 2002 in the journal Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik (volume 47, issue s1a).
The Calculation of Cable Parameters Using Combined Thermal and Electrical Circuit Models (1989)

This paper presents a methodology which can be used to calculate underground cable ampacities and other cable parameters. Capabilities of the methodology include the ability to model both thermally and electrically the presence of conductors, shields, and neutrals in an underground cable system. Unbalanced phase currents associated with conductors connected in parallel and shied and neutral currents along with the effects of ground connections are calculated from the electrical circuit model and are used in the thermal analysis of the cable system. Temperature dependent parameters are determined based on calculated system temperatures. Solutions of both the thermal and electrical circuit models are performed in an iterative procedure until convergence based on conductor temperature occurs. Results from this procedure include not only the calculation of thermal parameters, such as cable ampacities and system temperatures, but also electrical parameters, such as cable voltage drops and open-circuited shield voltages.
Design of large deflection electrostatic actuators (2003)

Electrostatic, comb-drive actuators have been designed for applications requiring displacements of up to 150 μm in less than 1 ms. A nonlinear model of the actuator relates the resonant frequency and the maximum stable deflection to the actuator dimensions. A suite of experiments that were carried out on deep reactive ion etched (DRIE), single-crystal silicon, comb-drive actuators confirm the validity of the model. Four actuator design improvements were implemented. First, a folded-flexure suspension consisting of two folded beams rather than four and a U-shaped shuttle allowed the actuator area to be cut in half without degrading its performance. Second, the comb teeth were designed with linearly increasing lengths to reduce side instability by a factor of two. Third, the folded-flexure suspensions were fabricated in an initially bent configuration, improving the suspension stiffness ratio and reducing side instability by an additional factor of 30. Finally, additional actuation range was achieved using a launch and capture actuation scheme in which the actuator was allowed to swing backward after full forward deflection; the shuttle was captured and held using the backs of the comb banks as high-force, parallel-plate actuators.
Expression of dominant-negative form of Ets-1 suppresses fibronectin-stimulated cell adhesion and migration through down-regulation of integrin alpha5 expression in U251 glioma cell line. (2001)

Ets transcription factors are associated with tumor malignancy. We reported previously that the stable transfection of the dominant-negative form of Ets-1 (Ets-DN) in the glioma cell line U251 induced down-regulation of urokinase-type plasminogen activator mRNA expression and invasiveness (M. Nakada et al., J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol., 58: 329-334, 1999). Here we analyzed effects of Ets-DN expression on cell adhesion, migration, and phosphorylation of focal adhesion kinase. U251 cells expressing Ets-DN (U251-DN) showed reduced cell adhesion, spreading, and extension of actin stress fibers on dishes coated with fibronectin but not on dishes coated with collagen. Migration of U251-DN cells was found to be significantly inhibited compared with that of parental cells when examined by wound-induced migration assay on fibronectin-coated dishes. Phosphorylation levels of focal adhesion kinase in U251-DN cells were also attenuated on dishes coated with fibronectin. Reduced expression level of integrin alpha5 subunit in U251-DN cells was demonstrated by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR analysis. Semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR of surgical samples of brain tumors revealed that the expression level of Ets-1 mRNA correlated with that of integrin alpha5 mRNA in glioma. The experimental metastatic ability of U251-DN cells examined in chick embryo was considerably lower than that of parental cells. These results suggest that Ets-1 contributes to glioma malignancy by up- regulating expression of the integrin alpha5 subunit, which composes integrin alpha5beta1 and mediates intracellular signaling and the subsequent acceleration of the invasive process, including cell adhesion and migration.
Highly Selective Polymer Electrolyte Membranes from Reactive Block Polymers (2009)

A series of reactive poly(norbornenylethylstyrene-s-styrene)-poly(n-propyl-p-styrenesulfonate) (PNS−PSSP) block polymers were prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization. Solutions containing PNS−PSSP, the cyclic olefins dicyclopentadiene and/or cyclooctene, and the second-generation Grubbs metathesis catalyst were prepared, cast as thin films, and allowed to cure at room temperature by a ring-opening metathesis polymerization mechanism. Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) data on cured films were consistent with the formation of nanostructured materials containing PSSP domains confined in a cross-linked matrix of the metathesis-reactive PNS block and the poly(cyclic olefins). The PSSP phase in these films was converted into the sulfonic acid form by hydrolysis of the propyl sulfonate ester. The resulting cross-linked polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) were characterized by SAXS and transmission electron microscopy. A bicontinuous morphology with continuous domains of the sulfonic acid phase supported by a continuous and mechanically robust phase was evident in these films. The molecular weight of the PNS−PSSP block polymer controlled the domain sizes, and the mechanical properties of the membranes could be tuned through the choice of cyclic olefins used. The PEMs exhibited pronounced mechanical and thermal robustness. Furthermore, proton conductivities in all the PEMs were similar to those observed in Nafion (the most frequently used PEM in fuel cells) at high humidity. Select PEMs showed significantly lower methanol crossover than Nafion while maintaining high-saturated proton conductivities, which could result in higher direct methanol fuel cell power densities. This reactive block polymer strategy for the preparation of PEMs is attractive due to the ready formation of bicontinuous structures, the facile control of domain size, and the ability to independently control mechanical and swelling properties of the matrix material.
Highly directive package-integrated dipole arrays for low-cost 60-GHz front end modules (2010)

Package-integrated highly directive dipole antenna and dipole array with an original feeding technique are presented. The proposed design features excitation of low-cost organic-based substrate elevated directive dipoles with vias. A miniature substrate embedded feed network is provided for direct via interconnection between the antenna and a chip embedded in the same stack-up. The simulated single dipole (10 × 10 × 0.635 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) exhibits more than 11 GHz bandwidth (56 to 67+ GHz), 7.83 dBi peak directivity, and 91.7% efficiency. A prototype of an 8-element dipole array (22 × 11 × 0.635 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) is measured and exhibits 8 GHz bandwidth (56.6 to 64.6 GHz), 15.1 dBi peak gain at 61 GHz, and 75 to 83% estimated efficiency.
A Complexity Based Forensic Analysis of the Trojan Horse Defence (2011)

The Operational Complexity Model (OCM) has been used to derive the complexities of the five most prevalent cyber-crimes occurring in southeast Asia, namely peer-to-peer (P2P) multimedia piracy, online auction fraud, online storage of offensive material, theft of online game weapons, and distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. In each case the complexity of the simplest Trojan horse process that might be invoked as an alternative explanation for the recovered digital evidence is also determined using the OCM, and the results are used to assess the relative plausibility of the two competing explanations in each case. Finally, the forensically determined circumstances under which a Trojan horse defence is most likely to be successful are outlined.
Synthesis of hexagonal MoO<sub>3</sub> nanorods and a study of their electrochemical performance as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries (2015)

h-MoO<sub>3</sub> nanorods with a diameter of 40 nm are synthesized in an immiscible mixture of solutions and exhibit high electrochemical performance.