gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remote <i>n</i>-type modulation doping of InAs quantum wells by ‘‘deep acceptors’’ in AlSb (1993)

Due to the fact that impurities normally change their doping characters when they undergo shallow to deep transitions or deep-to-false-valence transitions, a single defect, such as a cation on an Sb site, can explain all of the following facts for nonintentionally doped AlxGa1−xSb alloys and InAs/AlxGa1−xSb superlattices and quantum-well structures: (i) Bulk GaSb is p type; (ii) bulk AlSb is semi-insulating; (iii) InAs/AlSb superlattices with InAs quantum wells thicker than a critical thickness dc(x=1.0) are n type, where the InAs shallow–deep critical thickness function dc(x) is around ≂100–≂150 Å for 0.5&lt;x≤1.0 for InAs/AlxGa1−xSb superlattices; (iv) InAs/AlSb superlattices with InAs quantum wells thinner than dc(x=1.0) are semi-insulating. In addition, the theory predicts that Al0.5Ga0.5Sb and AlSb will be semi-insulating when nonintentionally doped, but can be converted to p type by the application of hydrostatic pressure P: P≳90 kbar and P≳150 kbar, respectively. These changes of doping character, which lie outside the conventional effective-mass theory, occur often in type-II band-alignment systems, such as InAs/AlxGa1−xSb.
Mimosine Dipeptide Enantiomsers: Improved Inhibitors against Melanogenesis and Cyclooxygenase (2015)

Melanogenesis plays an important role in the protection of skin against UV through production of melanin pigments, but abnormal accumulation of this pigment causes unaesthetic hyperpigmentation. Much effort is being made to develop effective depigmenting agents. Here, we show for the first time that a small library of mimosine dipeptide enantiomers (Mi-L/D-amino acid) inhibit the melanogenesis in B16F10 melanoma cells by down-regulating the cellular tyrosinase with little effect on their growth or viability. Two of them, Mi-D-Trp and Mi-D-Val, turned out to be the most potent inhibitors on melanin content and cellular tyrosinase in B16F10 melanoma cells. In addition, most of the mimosine dipeptides were more potent than mimosine for inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) with IC50 of 18-26 μM. Among them, Mi-L-Val and Mi-L-Trp inhibited cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) more potently than indomethacin, with IC50 values of 22 and 19 μM, respectively. Taken together, our results suggest the possibility that mimosine dipeptides could be better candidates (than mimosine) for anti-melanogenic (skin hyperpigmentation treatment) and cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibition.
Characterization of chitosan using triple detection size-exclusion chromatography and 13C-NMR spectroscopy (2010)

The biopolymer chitosan has shown a great potential for a tremendous number of applications despite the fact that typical chitosan preparations are always mixtures of different chemical entities, natural impurities and process-induced impurities. Chitosan preparations described in the literature or offered on the market are analytically highly undefined which prevents a detailed structure-activity-relationship (SAR) analysis. The aim of this thesis is to accomplish the prerequisites necessary for a sophisticated study of the polymers chitin/chitosan. Within this thesis a SAR guided multi-dimensional analysis is proposed including a physicochemical description (molecular weight (MW), polydispersity (MW/MN), fraction of acetylation (FA), and determination of the purity content combined to biological effects on two different bacteria (Escherichia coli, Vibrio fischeri ). Results are obtained by methods such as triple detection size-exclusion chromatography (refractive index, light scattering (90° and 7°), viscometry), inhibition assays and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, an improved method to determine the pattern of acetylation PA from heterogeneously as well as homogeneously prepared chitosan is shown. No link between the different production processes and the formation of a specific pattern of acetylation was found. For all investigated sample a random-dominated pattern was found. The obtained PA values include also calculated inter-day and inter-analyst variations of the carbon nuclear magnetic resonance technique (13C-NMR). The conformational analysis of chitosan, again achieved with the triple detection SEC, revealed an interesting behavior. Using different theoretical models (Benoit-Doty, Odijk-Houwart, Bohdanecky) different Kuhn segment lengths (lK) were found for the two different samples. While the first approached linear chain behavior, the second showed similarity to dextran, a branched polysaccharide. Dissolution studies on chitin and chitosan showed positive results in 18 cases (chitosan) and 6 cases (chitin), respectively, by testing 58 different ionic liquid samples in total. In case of chitin, ionic liquids may be promising candidates for future dissolution studies of this biopolymer. However, chitin behaves completely different in dissolution assays than its relative cellulose which may based on three different dissolution mechanism each for chitosan, chitin and cellulose, respectively.
Hsp70 and Hsp40 Chaperone Activities in the Cytoplasm and the Nucleus of Mammalian Cells (1997)

The existence and function of a Hsp40-Hsp70 chaperone machinery in mammalian cells in vivo was investigated. The rate of heat inactivation of firefly luciferase transiently expressed in hamster O23 fibroblasts was analyzed in cells co-transfected with the gene encoding the human Hsp40 (Ohtsuka, K. (1993) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 197, 235-240), the human inducible Hsp70 (Hunt, C., and Morimoto, R. I. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 82, 6455-6459), or a combination of both. Whereas the expression of human Hsp70 alone in hamster cells was sufficient for the protection of firefly luciferase during heat shock, expression of the human Hsp40 alone was not. Rather, this led to a small but significant increase in the heat sensitivity of luciferase. The expression of the human Hsp40 only led to heat protection when the human Hsp70 was expressed as well. Under such conditions the rate of luciferase reactivation from the heat-inactivated state was increased, but the rate of inactivation during heat shock was not affected. Using constructs that direct firefly luciferase either to the cytoplasm or to the nucleus (Michels, A. A., Nguyen, V.-T., Konings, A. W. T., Kampinga, H. H., and Bensaude, O. (1995) Eur. J. Biochem. 234, 382-389), it was demonstrated that these chaperone functions are found in both compartments. Our data provide the first evidence on how the Hsp40/Hsp70 chaperone complex acts as heat protector in mammalian cells in vivo.
Lower Extremity Kinematics and Ground Reaction Forces After Prophylactic Lace-Up Ankle Bracing (2008)

Although ankle sagittal-plane motion was restricted with the brace, knee flexion upon landing increased and peak vertical GRF did not change. The type of lace-up brace used in this study appeared to restrict ankle motion without increasing knee extension or vertical GRFs and without changing kinematics or kinetics over time.
Endothelial cells and blood vessels are major targets for COVID-19-induced tissue injury and spreading to various organs (2022)

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infected so far over 250 million people and caused the death of over 5 million worldwide. Aging, diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases, conditions with preexisting impaired endothelial functions predispose to COVID-19. While respiratory epithelium is the main route of virus entry, the endothelial cells (ECs) lining pulmonary blood vessels are also an integral part of lung injury in COVID-19 patients. COVID-19 not only affects the lungs and respiratory system but also gastrointestinal (GI) tract, liver, pancreas, kidneys, heart, brain, and skin. Blood vessels are likely conduits for the virus dissemination to these distant organs. Importantly, ECs are also critical for vascular regeneration during injury/lesions healing and restoration of vascular network. The <i>World Journal of Gastroenterology</i> has published in last two years over 67 outstanding papers on COVID-19 infection with a focus on the GI tract, liver, pancreas, <i>etc.</i>, however, the role of the endothelial and vascular components as major targets for COVID-19-induced tissue injury, spreading to various organs, and injury healing have not been sufficiently emphasized. In the present article, we focus on these subjects and on current treatments including the most recent oral drugs molnupiravir and paxlovid that show a dramatic, significant efficacy in controlling severe COVID-19 infection.
Measurement of long-range 13C-13C J couplings in a 20-kDa protein-peptide complex (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurement of long-range 13C-13C J couplings in a 20-kDa protein-peptide complexAd Bax, David Max, and David ZaxCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1992, 114, 17, 6923–6925Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00043a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00043a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations112LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Inhibition of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase by Alkamides Isolated from the Fruits of <i>Piper longum</i> and <i>Piper nigrum</i> (2006)

Pharmacological inhibition of acyl CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) has emerged as a potential therapy for the treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Bioassay-guided isolation of CHCl3 extracts of the fruits of Piper longum and Piper nigum (Piperaceae), using an in vitro DGAT inhibitory assay, lead to isolation of a new alkamide named (2E,4Z,8E)-N-[9-(3,4-methylenedioxyphenyl)-2,4,8-nonatrienoyl]piperidine (2), together with four known alkamides: retrofractamide C (1), pipernonaline (3), piperrolein B (4), and dehydropipernonaline (5). Compounds 2-5 inhibited DGAT with IC50 values of 29.8 (2), 37.2 (3), 20.1 (4), and 21.2 (5) microM, respectively, but the IC50 value for 1 was more than 900 microM. This finding indicates that compounds possessing piperidine groups (2-5) can be potential DGAT inhibitors.
Quadratic time-scale detection of microemboli in flowing blood with Doppler ultrasound (1997)

Small formed elements and gas bubbles in flowing blood, called microemboli, can be detected using pulse Doppler ultrasound. In this application, a pulsed constant-frequency ultrasound signal insonates a volume of blood in the middle cerebral artery, and microemboli moving through this sample volume produce a Doppler shifted transient reflection. Current detection methods include searching for these transients in a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) of the reflected signal. However, since the embolus transit time through the Doppler sample volume is inversely proportional to the embolus velocity (Doppler shift frequency), a matched-filter detector should in principle use a wavelet transform, rather than a short-time Fourier transform, for optimal results. Closer examination of the Doppler shift signals usually shows a chirping behavior apparently due to acceleration or deceleration of the emboli during their transit through the Doppler sample volume. These variations imply that a linear wavelet detector is not optimal. We argue from physical principles that quadratic time- scale detectors provide a robustness to variations that is nearly optimal for embolus detection. Using a theory for optimal quadratic time-scale detection, we develop a method for designing the optimal detection kernels from training data and derive efficient algorithms for implementation of the resulting quadratic time-scale detectors. The performance of these detectors is compared with optimized STFT and wavelet detectors. The performance for all of these methods is found to be very similar, and on average only about 2.5 dB less than an 'oracle' detector which provides a theoretical upper bound for microembolus detection.
High-yield processing for fixed-interconnect large-scale integrated arrays (1968)

High-yield manufacturing methods will be essential for future economical fabrication of large-scale integration (LSI) arrays. A progress report is presented on a program aimed at fabricating bipolar LSI arrays directly using fixed, nondiscretionary interconnections among components. Array complexity is to be approximately 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> silicon transistor on a chip (100 to 200 high-speed emitter-coupled logic gates). Techniques employed to increase yield on initial array vehicles include 1) use of minimum area devices, 2) noncontact photolithographic methods, 3) redundant processing sequences, and 4) special environmental controls and wafer handling.
MOLYBDENUM IN ENAMELS: I, ADHERENCE PRODUCED WITH MOLYBDENUM COMPOUNDS* (1940)

A bstract When definite types of white or clear enamel are milled with certain molybdenum compounds, light‐colored ground coats are produced. These ground coats show excellent adherence when applied in the usual manner to deeply pickled sheet steel. Firing may be done at 1600 °F. or at 1500 °F., according to the type of enamel. The paper also discusses the properties of molybdenum compounds, the problems involved in their use, the types of compounds which produce adherence, the type of enamels which work successfully, and a possible explanation of how these compounds function to produce adherence.
Identifying objects using cluster and concept analysis (1999)

Many approaches to support (semi-automatic) identification of objects in legacy code take the data structures as starting point for candidate classes. Unfortunately, legacy data structures tend to grow over time, and may contain many unrelated fields at the time of migration. We propose a method for identifying objects by semi-automatically restructuring the legacy data structures. Issues involved include the selection of record fields of interest, the identification of procedures actually dealing with such fields, and the construction of coherent groups of fields and procedures into candidate classes. We explore the use of cluster and concept analysis for the purpose of object identification, and we illustrate their effect on a 100,000 LOC Cobol system. Furthermore, we use these results to contrast clustering with concept analysis techniques.
Wettability-Index Determination by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (2006)

Summary Knowing the wetting condition of a reservoir at an early stage is crucial for selecting optimum field-development options. Paying insufficient attention to the wetting condition (e.g., assuming water-wet behavior) may result in incorrect oil-in-place estimates and in unexpected dynamic behavior (e.g., under-waterflooding). A novel method is presented to determine the wettability of rocks from nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR) data. The method is based on the additional nuclear relaxation that fluids experience when in direct contact with the rock surface. Reduction of oil relaxation time away from its bulk value is generally known as a qualitative wettability indicator, assuming external factors to be negligible and/or invariant from one experiment to another. Through detailed modeling of the NMR response, this concept has been developed further to provide a quantitative wettability index. It is based on a model for the microscopic distribution of the crude oil and the wetting state of the rock at any given overall saturation. The method requires an NMR measurement on a sample containing two reservoir fluids (i.e., brine and crude oil). Multiacquisition schemes including diffusion effects make the interpretation more robust, but a normal NMR acquisition suffices as can be made with all available NMR tools (wireline and while-drilling). The new NMR-based method has been verified extensively on core data against standard wettability tests. Application to NMR logs is in progress.
1-GHz repetition rate femtosecond OPO with stabilized offset between signal and idler frequency combs (2008)

We report an optical parametric oscillator (OPO) based on periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) that is synchronously pumped by a femtosecond Ti:sapphire laser at 1 GHz repetition rate. The signal output has a center wavelength of 1558 nm and its spectral bandwidth amounts to 40 nm. The OPO operates in a regime where the signal- and idler frequency combs exhibit a partial overlap around 1600 nm. In this near-degeneracy region, a beat at the offset between the signal and idler frequency combs is detected. Phase-locking this beat to an external reference stabilizes the spectral envelopes of the signal- and idler output. At the same time, the underlying frequency combs are stabilized relative to each other with an instability of 1.5x10(-17) at 1 s gate time.
Indications for Computed Tomography in Patients with Minor Head Injury (2000)

For the evaluation of patients with minor head injury, the use of CT can be safely limited to those who have certain clinical findings.
Outage Prediction and Diagnosis for Cloud Service Systems (2019)

With the rapid growth of cloud service systems and their increasing complexity, service failures become unavoidable. Outages, which are critical service failures, could dramatically degrade system availability and impact user experience. To minimize service downtime and ensure high system availability, we develop an intelligent outage management approach, called AirAlert, which can forecast the occurrence of outages before they actually happen and diagnose the root cause after they indeed occur. AirAlert works as a global watcher for the entire cloud system, which collects all alerting signals, detects dependency among signals and proactively predicts outages that may happen anywhere in the whole cloud system. We analyze the relationships between outages and alerting signals by leveraging Bayesian network and predict outages using a robust gradient boosting tree based classification method. The proposed outage management approach is evaluated using the outage dataset collected from a Microsoft cloud system and the results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
A Mild and Highly Efficient Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides with Periodic Acid Catalyzed by FeCl<sub>3</sub> (2002)

An excellent method for the selective oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides with periodic acid (H5IO6) catalyzed by FeCl3 in MeCN has been devised. The reported procedure is fast, simple and the yields are excellent (>98%) in most cases with reaction time of less than 2 minutes.
Florida’s Medicaid Reform Demonstration: Year Three (2010)

Funding Medicaid is currently a substantial and growing portion of many state budgets. Quality of care is another issue, and Medicaid is reputedly a low quality provider in care and accessibility. Reforms are necessary but the options appear limited. Florida is demonstrating that improvements and efficiencies can be obtained through market-based reforms. Since 2005, Florida incrementally moved toward managed competition and realized cost and utilization efficiencies. For the initial 3-year period, the data indicate that Florida’s Medicaid reform initiatives are effective. A compelling question of whether such reforms can be expanded and even adopted by other states merits consideration.
Interpolating sliding mode observer for a ball and beam system (2016)

A principle of interpolating sliding mode observer is introduced in this paper. The observer incorporates multiple linear observers through interpolation of multiple estimates, which is treated as a type of adaptation. The principle is then applied to the ball and beam system for observation of the slope of the beam from the measurement of the ball position. The linearised model of the ball and beam system using multiple linearisation points is developed. The observer dynamics implemented in Matlab/Simulink Real Time Workshop environment. Experiments conducted on the ball and beam experimental setup demonstrate excellent performance of the designed novel interpolating (adaptive) observer.
Ultra-wide bandwidth in-vehicle channel measurements using chirp pulse sounding signal (2009)

A novel ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) channel measurement approach based on chirp pulse sounding signal in an automotive vehicle is proposed. An UWB channel impulse response (CIR) estimator using de-convolution technique is constructed to verify that the chirp pulse sounding signal generated with rectangular window is 12.71 dB better in accuracy than the Gaussian pulse sounding signal to measure the CIR of the UWB channel. The UWB channel measurement in the frequency band of 4.25–4.75 GHz is carried out inside an automotive vehicle. The experimental results validate the correctness of using chirp pulse sounding signal to measure the UWB channel inside an automotive vehicle with windows closed through the root mean square delay spread for Cases A and B radio propagation channel models of IEEE 802.15.3a UWB standard when the threshold is properly chosen. Also, test results show that opening the vehicle's window may change the channel characterisation.
<title>Physical And Mathematical Aspects Of Transmission 3-Dimensional Image Reconstruction</title> (1975)

3-Dimensional Structure Analysis or image reconstruction is reviewed in view points of physics. Optimum energy of probe radiation in particular reference to photons and related aspects such as image enhancement using reference materials (-water like) are discussed. Existing computer algorithms are briefly reviewed in particular reference to the linear superposition with compensation (LSC) technique.© (1975) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Dialdehyde starch of low degree of oxidation and its derivatives (2000)

Oxidation of potato starch (PS) to dialdehyde starch (DAS) with simultaneous electrochemical recovery of periodate oxidant was studied. Increase in the degree of oxidation (DO) of DAS up to 13% was paralleled with increasing up the dose of iodate (V) up to 20%. At constant reaction time further doses of iodate (V) resulted in only small increase in DO. At constant dose of the oxidant DO of DAS was almost linear in time. At pH of the reaction medium close to neutral insoluble DAS was produced whereas soluble product was formed at pH between 2 and 5. Regardless of DO and pH, the reaction yield reached 80-90%. DAS was reacted into DAS dioxime, dihydrazone, diphenylhydrazone, disemicarbazone and dithiosemicarbazone. Their aqueous solubility and water binding capacity were determined. Based on these properties strong interand intra-molecular interactions with the involvement of introduced functional groups were postulated. Thermal behaviour of these derivatives was also studied.