gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The mechanism of the action of notatin (1949)

Research Article| January 01 1949 The mechanism of the action of notatin R. Bentley; R. Bentley 1National Institute for Medical Research, Hampstead, London, N.W. 3 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar A. Neuberger A. Neuberger 1National Institute for Medical Research, Hampstead, London, N.W. 3 Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1949) 45 (5): 584–590. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0450584 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. Bentley, A. Neuberger; The mechanism of the action of notatin. Biochem J 1 January 1949; 45 (5): 584–590. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0450584 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1949 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1949 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Immobilization of lipase on poly(<i>N</i>‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone‐<i>co</i>‐styrene) hydrogel (2001)

Abstract Lipase from Candida rugosa was immobilized by entrapment while polymerizing a poly( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone‐ co ‐styrene) [poly(VP‐ co ‐ST)] hydrogel using ethylene dimethacrylate (EDMA) as the crosslinking agent. The immobilized enzymes were used in the esterification reaction of oleic acid and butanol in hexane. The activities of the immobilized enzymes and the leaching ability of the enzyme from the support with respect to the different compositions of the hydrogels were investigated. The thermal, solvent, and storage stability of the immobilized lipases were also determined. The activities were relatively higher when the percent compositions of VP(%):ST(%) were 50:50 and 30:70. The lipase immobilized on VP(%):ST(%) 50:50 showed the highest thermal stability, while lipase immobilized on VP(%):ST(%) 30:70 exhibited the highest solvent stability. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 1404–1409, 2001
USING ULTRASOUND TO DETERMINE CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE RISK (2013)

K. Main, S. Peterson, J. Peterson, W. Repovich, & E. Hilberg Linfield College, McMinnville, OR; Eastern Washington University, Cheney, WA Cardiovascular (CV) disease remains the number one cause of death in the world despite being largely preventable. Many risk factors have been identified including high levels of visceral fat. The use of ultrasound has made it possible to measure subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) separately. PURPOSE: To determine the relationship between the Framingham CV risk profile, SCAT, VAT, and physical activity (PA) levels in adults. METHODS: CV risk factors were evaluated in 46 participants ranging in age from 19-65. To determine the Framingham CV Risk Score, BMI, total cholesterol, and high-density lipoprotein levels were measured and combined into a score. Using ultrasound, a scan of the waist was conducted. The wand was placed 1 cm to the right of the umbilicus. A 10-cm scan was completed by drawing the wand from the umbilicus toward the right hip. The amounts of SCAT and VAT were determined from the scan when two researchers agreed upon the measurement. Minutes of moderate to vigorous PA were reported from a questionnaire. Pearson Correlations were conducted to determine the relationships between all variables tested at an alpha level of p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS: There were significant, moderate positive correlations between VAT amounts and the Framingham risk profile (r=0.445, p=0.002) as well as the amount of SCAT (r=0.509, p=0.00). There was a significant negative moderate correlation between the number of minutes of moderate to vigorous PA reported and the Framingham risk profile (r=-0.440, p=0.002), the amount of VAT measured (r=-0.315, p=0.035), and the amount of SCAT measured (r=-0.301, p=0.045). There was also a significant, negative correlation between the Framingham risk profile and the SCAT:VAT ratio (r=-0.348, p=0.018). CONCLUSIONS: Results from this study demonstrated a moderate correlation between the amount of VAT present and CV risk factors, suggesting it may be a viable predictor of future CV disease. Further research is needed to strengthen the use of the VAT measurement in the assessment of CV disease.
Routing of multipoint connections (1988)

The author addresses the problem of routing connections in a large-scale packet-switched network supporting multipoint communications. He gives a formal definition of several versions of the multipoint problem, including both static and dynamic versions. He looks at the Steiner tree problem as an example of the static problem and considers the experimental performance of two approximation algorithms for this problem. A weighted greedy algorithm is considered for a version of the dynamic problem which allows endpoints to come and go during the life of a connection. One of the static algorithms serves as a reference to measure the performance of the proposed weighted greedy algorithm in a series of experiments.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ecological Politics, Violence, and the Theme of Empire (2004)

Empire has returned as a key political category in the last few years. It allows the politics of environment at the largest scale to be reconceptualized in interesting ways. Looking to imperial history and its ecological disruptions, to political ecology with its focus on the connections between rural production and metropolitan consumption, and in particular at the contemporary discussion of resource wars, this comment suggests that the focus on empire adds important dimensions to understanding global environmental politics. Not least empire requires a more explicit focus on the material contexts of contemporary politics and the violence that is connected to the extraction of resources, and petroleum in particular. Among other things this suggests a very different interpretation of the events of September 11 th 2001, and the importance of including much more than regimes and cooperation into the study of global environmental politics.
New Push to Reduce Maternal Mortality in Poor Countries (1995)

More than half a million women die each year in developing countries from complications of pregnancy and child birth. In order to address this problem some experts are advocating the addition of emergency obstetric care (EOC) to the available primary health care (PHC) services that focus on preventive Recent analysis suggests that EOC is affordable by all but the poorest countries and is one of the few truly cost-effective medical interventions. The barriers to the provision of this care have been political apathy and strategic misjudgment. While infant mortality has received world-wide attention the discrepancy in maternal mortality between developed and developing countries is as much as 10 times higher than the discrepancy in infant mortality. The greatest loss of life is associated with hemorrhage septic abortion eclampsia infection and obstructed labor. PHC strategies to improve the situation have included bolstering provision of prenatal care and training traditional birth attendants. While improved PHC led to increased child survival EOC is necessary to improve maternal survival. The World Health Organization has acknowledged its disillusionment with the Safe Motherhood Initiative by including emergency obstetric care as a component in and high priority of essential obstetric care. Major changes will involve upgrading hospitals and health centers training midwives and organizing means to transport women to hospitals. Efforts to convince developing countries that womens health is worth the expenditure may be enhanced by data showing the adverse impact of maternal mortality and morbidity on a countrys productivity and by the relatively low per capital cost of EOC and prenatal
A micromachined piezoelectric teeth-like laparoscopic tactile sensor: theory, fabrication and experiments (2003)

Currently available laparoscopic graspers have a teeth-like surface without any sensors built on them. Thus the surgeon loses the tactile feedback required to manipulate tissues safely. The paper reports on the design, fabrication and testing of a micromachined piezoelectric tactile sensor which can measure the combined magnitude and position of the applied force on the sensor without changing the design of the the present day laparoscopic grasper. It consists of a teeth-like upper silicon layer, a patterned polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film and an elastic substrate. The sensor exhibits good linearity, wide bandwidth, high force sensitivity and negligible noise to signal ratio. The theoretical analyses of various applied loads on the sensor are made and compared with experimental values. The advantages and limitations of the sensor are also discussed. It is shown that the sensor is integrated into a prototype laparoscopic grasper.
A New Approximated VC Scheme to Prevent D-DoS Attack against Networks of ASes (2004)

Distributed denial of service (D-DoS) attacks continue to threaten the reliability of networking systems. An efficient way to prevent D-DoS Attack is to install filters at AS (Autonomous System) border routers. This requires to find minimum number of filters to cover the network or an optimal VC(Vertex Cover). It is an NP-complete problem. A heuristic algorithm called approximated VC scheme[1] has appeared in the literature. However, the sizes of the VCs resulting from the scheme tend to be much larger than those of the optimal VCs. We propose a new approximated VC scheme which improves the scheme[1] in the sizes of resulting VCs. The basic idea behind our scheme is to sort the nodes in non increasing order of the degree(number of links connecting the node) and install the filters in that order until the whole network is covered. Our simulation shows that the proposed scheme is able to prevent D-DoS Attack with the size of VC 26% less than the approximated VC algorithm.[1].
Cortisol Enhances the Expression of mac25/Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Protein-Related Protein-1 in Cultured Osteoblasts (1999)

Glucocorticoids inhibit the synthesis of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) and regulate the expression of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) in osteoblast cultures. IGFBP-related protein-1 (IGFBP-rP1), the product of the mac25 gene, binds IGF-I, IGF-II, and insulin, and we postulated that glucocorticoids regulate IGFBP-rP1 synthesis in osteoblasts. We tested the expression of mac25/IGFBP-rP1 in cultures of osteoblast-enriched cells from 22-day-old fetal rat calvariae (Ob cells). Cortisol treatment at 10 nm to 1μ m for 24–48 h caused a time- and dose-dependent increase in mac25/IGFBP-rP1 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in Ob cells. Cycloheximide at 3.6 μm did not alter mac25/IGFBP-rP1 transcripts in control or cortisol-treated cells. Cortisol did not modify the decay of mac25/IGFBP-rP1 mRNA in transcriptionally arrested Ob cells and increased the rate of IGFBP-rP1 transcription as determined by nuclear run-on assays. Retinoic acid also increased mac25/IGFBP-rP1 mRNA levels, but 17β-estradiol, testosterone, 5α-dihydrotestosterone, progesterone, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 did not. In conclusion, cortisol stimulates mac25/IGFBP-rP1 expression in Ob cells by transcriptional mechanisms. As IGFBP-rP1 binds and possibly modifies the effects of IGFs and insulin, its increased expression could be relevant to the inhibitory actions of cortisol in bone.
Flexible management of resource service composition in cloud manufacturing (2010)

With the development of microelectronics, computer technology, information technology, and intelligent of machinery and control equipment, the flexible manufacturing technique has become one of the key developing directions for advanced manufacturing technology. The cloud manufacturing (CMfg), which is a new generation service-oriented networked manufacturing model, can provide the users distributed in different places with the manufacturing resource and manufacturing ability services through the centralized management. In order to improve the quality of resource service optimal-allocation and cope with the flexible issues in CMfg, this paper investigated the definition and classification of flexibility in the whole life-cycle of resource service composition in CMfg, and the related factors in life-cycle of resource service composition were analyzed. The flexible management architecture for resource service composition in CMfg was designed. The key issues and their solutions in flexible management of resource service composition were preliminarily discussed.
Directed Evolution of Proteins In Vitro Using Compartmentalization in Emulsions (2009)

This unit describes a protocol for the directed evolution of proteins utilizing in vitro compartmentalization. This method uses a large number of independent in vitro transcription and translation (IVTT) reactions in water droplets suspended in an oil emulsion to enable selection of proteins that bind a target molecule. Protein variants that bind the target also bind to and allow recovery of the genes that encoded them. This protocol serves as a basis for carrying out selections in emulsions, and can potentially be modified to select for other functionalities, including catalysis. This selection method is advantageous compared to alternative selection protocols due to the ability to screen through very large-size libraries and the ability to express and screen or select for functions that would otherwise be toxic or inaccessible to in vivo selections and screens.
Enzymatic Formulation Capable of Degrading Scrapie Prion under Mild Digestion Conditions (2013)

The prion agent is notoriously resistant to common proteases and conventional sterilisation procedures. The current methods known to destroy prion infectivity such as incineration, alkaline and thermal hydrolysis are harsh, destructive, environmentally polluting and potentially hazardous, thus limit their applications for decontamination of delicate medical and laboratory devices, remediation of prion contaminated environment and for processing animal by-products including specified risk materials and carcases. Therefore, an environmentally friendly, non-destructive enzymatic degradation approach is highly desirable. A feather-degrading Bacillus licheniformis N22 keratinase has been isolated which degraded scrapie prion to undetectable level of PrP(Sc) signals as determined by Western Blot analysis. Prion infectivity was verified by ex vivo cell-based assay. An enzymatic formulation combining N22 keratinase and biosurfactant derived from Pseudomonas aeruginosa degraded PrP(Sc) at 65 °C in 10 min to undetectable level -. A time-course degradation analysis carried out at 50 °C over 2 h revealed the progressive attenuation of PrP(Sc) intensity. Test of residual infectivity by standard cell culture assay confirmed that the enzymatic formulation reduced PrP(Sc) infectivity to undetectable levels as compared to cells challenged with untreated standard scrapie sheep prion (SSBP/1) (p-value = 0.008 at 95% confidence interval). This novel enzymatic formulation has significant potential application for prion decontamination in various environmentally friendly systems under mild treatment conditions.
High Precision Quantitative Proteomics Using iTRAQ on an LTQ Orbitrap: A New Mass Spectrometric Method Combining the Benefits of All (2009)

The development of quantitative techniques in mass spectrometry has generated the ability to systematically monitor protein expression. Isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) have become a widely used tool for the quantification of proteins. However, application of iTRAQ methodology using ion traps and hybrid mass spectrometers containing an ion trap such as the LTQ-Orbitrap was not possible until the development of pulsed Q dissociation (PQD) and higher energy C-trap dissociation (HCD). Both methods allow iTRAQ-based quantification on an LTQ-Orbitrap but are less suited for protein identification at a proteomic scale than the commonly used collisional induced dissociation (CID) fragmentation. We developed an analytical strategy combining the advantages of CID and HCD, allowing sensitive and accurate protein identification and quantitation at the same time. In a direct comparison, the novel method outperformed PQD and HCD regarding its limit of detection, the number of identified peptides and the analytical precision of quantitation. The new method was applied to study changes in protein expression in mouse hearts upon transverse aortic constriction, a model for cardiac stress.
DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY OF THE MIMARK ENDOMETRIAL CELL SAMPLER IN 101 PATIENTS WITH POSTMENOPAUSAL BLEEDING (1979)

The efficacy of the MiMark endometrial cell sampler in the cytological assessment of endometrium was evaluated in 101 patients with postmenopausal bleeding. The apparatus was successful in daignosing all but one of the endometrial carcinomas in the series. Reports of its accuracy in diagnosing endometrial hyperplasia and other endometrial pathology cannot be substantiated.
<b>ISOLATION AND TRANSLATION OF RENIN mRNA FROM THE MOUSE SUBMANDIBULAR </b><b>GLAND </b> (1982)

Polyadenylated mRNA from submandibular glands of male mice was translated in a cell-free reticulocyte lysate system in the presence of [35S]methionine. I1nmunoextraction of the translation products with specific anti-renin antibody demonstrated a renin precursor (preprorenin) with M,:45,000, as determined by sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and fiuorography. Antibody binding of the product was readily blocked by adding an excess of purified renin. Tryptic peptide analysis yielded very similar patterns for the in virro translation product and authentic renin.
Star sensors for autonomous attitude control and navigation (1992)

The attitude control and navigation systems of future advanced spacecraft will be characterized by a high degree of autonomy, very high accuracy, efficient commandability, and fast fault recovery. These characteristics are incompatible with the constraints of conventional star sensors which mandate a-priori definition of all onboard attitude fixes and work only if attitude uncertainties remain small. With the availability of accurate, anti-blooming capable CCDs, fast microprocessors, high density memory chips, and star pattern recognition algorithms, it is now feasible to fabricate miniature Autonomous Star Trackers (ASTs) capable of (1) determining their attitude rapidly and reliably while having no a-priori attitude knowledge, (2) autonomous attitude updating, and (3) providing their attitude at rates up to typically 40 Hz. In addition to providing the functionality needed for future missions, ASTs can also be exploited to improve the reliability, mass, power, and cost of spacecraft and reduce the cost of operating them. This paper describes star identification schemes used in the past, it discusses a number of star pattern recognition algorithms, and provides the main characteristics of current CCD star trackers. A number of specific functions enabled or enhanced by an AST are described including fast attitude acquisition, rapid fault recovery, attitude safing, gyroless/cheap-gyro attitude control, autonomous target acquisition by astronomy telescopes, autonomous optical navigation, and precision pointing to terrestrial targets. The AST being developed at Lockheed uses a fast, memory-efficient, and highly robust star pattern recognition algorithm based on matching groups of stars. The algorithm, which is also applicable to star scanners, is described along with a realistic simulation program for testing its performance. It is shown that an AST with an 11.3 degree FOV diameter, a database of 4100 guide stars, a 25 MHz MC68030 class microprocessor, and 800 Kbytes of memory will be capable of determining its attitude in 0.45 seconds with a success rate greater than 99.98% when using an optimal guide star selection method. Compute time and memory are found to be inversely proportional to the FOV area. The paper also reports on AST development by other organizations in a number of countries.
Roll angle estimation for motorcycles: Comparing video and inertial sensor approaches (2012)

Advanced Rider Assistance Systems (ARAS) for powered two-wheelers improve driving behaviour and safety. Further developments of intelligent vehicles will also include video-based systems, which are successfully deployed in cars. Porting such modules to motorcycles, the camera pose has to be taken into account, as e. g. large roll angles produce significant variations in the recorded images. Therefore, roll angle estimation is an important task for the development of various kinds of ARAS. This study introduces alternative approaches based on inertial measurement units (IMU) as well as video only. The latter learns orientation distributions of image gradients that code the current roll angle. Until now only preliminary results on synthetic data have been published. Here, an evaluation on real video data will be presented along with three valuable improvements and an extensive parameter optimisation using the Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy. For comparison of the very dissimilar approaches a test vehicle is equipped with IMU, camera and a highly accurate reference sensor. The results state high performance of about 2 degrees error for the improved vision method and, therefore proofs the proposed concept on real-world data. The IMU-based Kalman filter estimation performed on par. As a naive result averaging of both estimates already increased performance an elaborate fusion of the proposed methods is expected to yield further improvements.
Florida Seen Through the Eyes of Nineteenth Century Travellers (1955)

During the first half of the nineteenth century, there were published both in this country and abroad a great number of books written by travellers in all parts of the United States, and especially in the South. As one Southern author observed in 1860: “The fashion has been for several years . . . to write books about the South. Englishmen, Frenchmen, Down-Eastern men, the Bloomer style of men, as well as countless numbers of female scribblers, have not ceased to drum upon the public tympanum (almost to deafness, indeed) in praise or blame - generally the latter - of Southern peculiarities, social habits, manners, customs, observances, and domestic institutions.“
The Crystal Structure of Germanium Disulphide (1936)

Crystals of GeS2 are orthorhombic. The unit cell contains 24 molecules and has dimensions: a=11.66A, b=22.34A, c=6.86A. Accuracy ½ percent. The space groups is Fdd (C2v19). Eight of the germanium atoms are situated on the twofold axes; all other atoms occupy general positions. The twelve parameters involved have been determined. Every germanium atom is tetrahedrally linked to four sulphur atoms, with an interatomic distance of 2.19A. The angle between the two sulphur bonds is 103°. A three-dimensional network somewhat similar to the silica networks is formed.
The identification and internal validation of a preoperative serum biomarker panel to determine extracapsular extension in patients with prostate cancer (2012)

This is the first internally validated, preoperative serum biomarker panel that identifies ECE in patients with Gleason score 7 PCa with AUC 76.6%. The panel surpasses the routinely used diagnostic standards in accuracy and may help to improve preoperative cancer staging, better inform treatment options, and improve the referral patterns of patients with urgently treatable cancers towards more appropriate arms of therapy.