gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lithium cobalt oxide thin film and its electrochromism (1989)

Thin films of lithium cobalt oxide have been prepared by rf-sputtering from powdered LiCoO{sub 2}. These films permit reversible electrolytic removal of lithium ions upon application of an anodic voltage in a propylene carbonate-lithium perchlorate electrolyte, the films changing in color from a pale amber transparent state to a dark brown. A polycrystalline columnar film structure was revealed with SEM and TEM. X-ray examination of the films suggests that the layered rhombohedral LiCoO{sub 2} structure is the major crystalline phase present. Oxidation-reduction titration and atomic absorption were used for the determination of the film stoichiometry. The results show that the as deposited-films on glass slides are lithium deficient (relative to the starting material) and show a high average cobalt oxidation state near +3.5. The measurements of DC conductivity suggest a band to band conduction at high temperature (300K-430K) and hopping conduction in localized states at low temperature (4K-270K). The thermoelectric power data show that the films behave as p-type semiconductors. Transmission and reflectance measurements from 400 nm to 2500nm show significant near-IR reflectivity. 8 refs., 11 figs.
Kinetics and mechanisms of fatigue damage in rubber-toughened poly(methyl methacrylate) (RTPMMA) (1983)

Specimens of RTPMMA were subjected to fully reversed tension–compression cycling under load control, at a frequency of 0.5 Hz and an ambient temperature of 21°C. Modulus, hysteresis, and temperature of the polymer were monitored continuously. Significant changes were observed at stress amplitudes greater than half the short-term yield stress. Temperature rises of between 5°C and 20°C account for the initial increases in compliance and hysteresis, which subsequently continue to increase, at approximately constant temperature. It is concluded that shear yielding is responsible for this second stage of the softening process. The rate of shear yielding increases exponentially with stress amplitude.
Surfactant‐Directed Synthesis of Branched Bismuth Telluride/Sulfide Core/Shell Nanorods (2008)

Branched core/shell bismuth telluride/bismuth sulfide nanorod heterostructures are prepared by using a biomimetic surfactant, L-glutathionic acid. Trigonal nanocrystals of bismuth telluride are encapsulated by nanoscopic shells of orthorhombic bismuth sulfide. Crystallographic twinning causes shell branching. Such heteronanostructures are attractive for thermoelectric power generation and cooling applications.
Melt motion in a Czochralski crystal puller with an axial magnetic field: isothermal motion (1986)

A magnetic field suppresses turbulence and thermal convection in a Czochralski crystal puller. The amounts and distributions of dopants and oxygen in the crystal are determined by the motion of the molten silicon during crystal growth. This paper presents analytical solutions for the melt motion in a Czochralski puller with a strong, uniform, axial magnetic field. The relatively small electrical conductivity of the crystal plays a key role in determining the flow. Certain combinations of crystal and crucible rotation rates lead to flow patterns with a large volume of almost stagnant fluid under most of the crystal face. The values of these rotation rates depend on the magnetic field strength.
Impact of micronutrients on respiratory infections (2011)

Several studies have documented the impact of vitamin D and other micronutrients on host responses to upper and lower respiratory tract infections, such as influenza and tuberculosis. These studies include observational as well as micronutrient intervention studies. Other studies have been conducted to understand the mechanisms by which micronutrients alter immune responses. However, critical information gaps and challenges remain. An immediate need exists for randomized controlled trials of vitamin D supplementation in high-risk populations, such as infants, children, and patients with immunocompromised health. Other important areas of research include vitamin D genetics, the impact of other micronutrient deficiencies on innate and adaptive immunity, the 25(OH)D threshold for insufficiency, the need for valuable reliable markers, standardization of assays to detect 25(OH)D, novel functional markers beyond serum 25(OH)D, and further development of in vitro and animal models that could be useful for preclinical studies. Lastly, a new systems biology approach is needed to address the complexity of micronutrient effects and regulation.
Reactive Oxygen Species Are Involved in Smoking-Induced Dysfunction of Nitric Oxide Biosynthesis and Upregulation of Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase (2003)

The present study indicates that in vitro, HCAECs show similar changes in NO biosynthesis as human umbilical vein endothelial cells when exposed to smokers' serum and also confirms that oxidative stress plays a central role in smoking-mediated dysfunction of NO biosynthesis in endothelial cells. Furthermore, these data support other studies suggesting a role for hydrogen peroxide in the upregulation of eNOS.
Mass transport and calibration in liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry (1992)

Differences in the designs of two liquid chromatography particle beam mass spectrometry systems result in differences in the transport of ammonium acetate and differences in ion abundance-enhancing carrier effects. The effect of mobile phase composition, especially the proportion of water in the mobile phase, on transport efficiency is described. Instrument detection limits for 12 compounds with two different interface designs are presented. The calibrations are generally nonlinear explained in terms of mass transport effects and supported by experiments with isotopically labeled species that coelute with the native species. Summary results of a small multilaboratory study are presented. Calibration with isotopitally labeled internal standards is recommended for real-world environmental samples.
Analysis and CMOS Implementation of a Chaos-Based Communication System (2004)

We describe the design and CMOS implementation of a baseband spread-spectrum communication system using chaotic signals for spreading digital data. The communication system uses a new chaotic modulation scheme called modified differential chaos shift keying (M-DCSK). The M-DCSK scheme and its characteristics are analyzed for single user and multi user applications. The chaotic signals were generated using a simple and robust circuit. The dynamics of this chaos generating circuit are also studied. The spectral properties of the system are investigated and compared with theoretical expectations.
Improving TCP Performance over Wireless Links Using Link-Layer Retransmission and Explicit Loss Notification (2002)

In order to support the mobility of computers during communication, the transport control protocol (TCP) con-nections between fixed host and mobile host often traverse wired and wireless networks, and the recovery of the losses dueto wireless transmission error is much different from congestion control. This paper analyzes the interaction between TCPand link layer retransmission scheme when the correlated packet are losses handled, indicates that a higher value of themaximum number of successive link layer timeout retransmissions has an adverse effect on TCP ability to perform conges-tion control rapidly. To achieve a better TCP performance, the paper proposes a strategy combining link-layer selective-re-ject automatic repeat request (ARQ) with explicit loss notification mechanism, which can respond to congestion quicklywhile keeping wireless link more reliable, and make TCP react to the different packet losses more suitably.
Immunogenic tumor cell death induced by chemotherapy in patients with breast cancer and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (2017)

It has been reported that chemo-radiotherapy can induce immunogenic tumor cell death (ICD), which triggers T-cell immunity mainly mediated by high-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and calreticulin. However, there is still limited information to support this theory relating to chemotherapy alone. In the present study, the expression of HMGB1 and calreticulin was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in pre-treatment biopsy specimens and surgically resected specimens, which were obtained from patients with breast cancer (n=52) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) (n=8) who had been treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). We also analyzed HMGB1 and calreticulin expression in breast cancer cell lines treated with chemotherapeutic drugs. As a result, both HMGB1 and calreticulin expression levels were significantly upregulated after NAC in both breast cancer and ESCC tissues. However, no significant correlation was observed between HMGB1 expression and pathological response after NAC or between HMGB1 expression and patient survival. Furthermore, although overall survival in the high infiltration group of CD8-positive T cells was significantly superior to that in the low infiltration group in breast cancer patients, there were no correlations between the number of CD8-positive T cells and HMGB1 or calreticulin expression levels. In addition, chemotherapeutic drugs induced upregulation of HMGB1 and calreticulin in all tested cell lines. Our findings indicate that chemotherapy alone can significantly induce ICD regardless of the degree of pathological response after chemotherapy.
Results of optical interference coatings 2001 meeting design contest (2001)

The design contest yielded 23 submissions (including 7 non-contest submissions by the design contest team): 11 GFFs, 7 NBPs, and 5 RPCs. After a first look we concluded that some submissions were entirely novel and other submissions were significant improvements of the state of the art. A proper evaluation will be presented at the conference.
Four-color laser white illuminant demonstrating high color-rendering quality (2011)

Solid-state lighting is currently based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and phosphors. Solid-state lighting based on lasers would offer significant advantages including high potential efficiencies at high current densities. Light emitted from lasers, however, has a much narrower spectral linewidth than light emitted from LEDs or phosphors. Therefore it is a common belief that white light produced by a set of lasers of different colors would not be of high enough quality for general illumination. We tested this belief experimentally, and found the opposite to be true. This result paves the way for the use of lasers in solid-state lighting.
Lagunamides A and B: Cytotoxic and Antimalarial Cyclodepsipeptides from the Marine Cyanobacterium <i>Lyngbya majuscula</i> (2010)

Lagunamides A (1) and B (2) are new cyclic depsipeptides isolated from the marine cyanobacterium Lyngbya majuscula obtained from Pulau Hantu Besar, Singapore. The planar structural characterization of these molecules was achieved by extensive spectroscopic analysis, including 2D NMR experiments. In addition to Marfey's method and (3)J(H-H) coupling constant values, a modified method based on Mosher's reagents and analysis using LC-MS was deployed for the determination of the absolute configuration. Lagunamides A and B displayed significant antimalarial properties, with IC(50) values of 0.19 and 0.91 μM, respectively, when tested against Plasmodium falciparum. Lagunamides A and B also possessed potent cytotoxic activity against P388 murine leukemia cell lines, with IC(50) values of 6.4 and 20.5 nM, respectively. Furthermore, these cyanobacterial compounds exhibited moderate antiswarming activities when tested against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PA01.
VIM 법에 의한 TiAl 금속간화합물의 용해 및 주조에 관한 연구 (1991)

The chief roadblock to the application of titanium is melting and casting. During the last several years, a great deal of efforts has been made to improve the melting and casting processes of titanium. In this study, melting and casting of TiAl intermetallic compounds were conducted by the VIM(vacuum induction melting) process. In the VIM process, various crucibles were applied in order to investigate the condition of crucible reaction with titanium melt. The effects of A1 content on the microstructures and mechanical properties of TiAI intermetallic compounds were also studied. Melting crucible made from CaO + 5% CaF₂ was available for titanium melting. The volume fraction of lamellar structure in TiAl intermetallic compounds was found to be maximum at Ti-44at%A1 ingot.
Detoxification of the macrolide toxin brefeldin A by <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1990)

The macrolide toxin brefeldin A is a determinant of Alternaria leaf blight disease in safflower, which causes severe economic losses worldwide. Soilborne bacteria, classified as Bacillus subtilis spp., were isolated and shown to readily metabolize brefeldin A in laboratory culture to one major product. This product was identified by high resolution 2D 1H NMR and FAB mass spectroscopies as the acid resulting from hydrolysis of the macrolide ring in brefeldin A . In contrast to brefeldin A, the acid completely lacked phytotoxic activity in the standard leaf bioassay. Detoxification of brefeldin A by the lactonase activity from Bacillus subtilis may be exploited in the future to introduce resistance to Alternaria leaf blight in safflower.
Effect of Contaminant Hydrophobicity in the Treatment of Contaminated Soils by Catalyzed H2O2 Propagations (Modified Fenton’s Reagent) (2008)

Abstract The effect of contaminant hydrophobicity on hydrogen peroxide dosage requirements in the treatment of contaminated soils using catalyzed H
Foundations of Linear and Generalized Linear Models (2015)

A valuable overview of the most important ideas and results in statistical analysis Written by a highly-experienced author, Foundations of Linear and Generalized Linear Models is a clear and comprehensive guide to the key concepts and results of linear statistical models. The book presents a broad, in-depth overview of the most commonly used statistical models by discussing the theory underlying the models, R software applications, and examples with crafted models to elucidate key ideas and promote practical model building. The book begins by illustrating the fundamentals of linear models,
Capturing Wetting States in Nanopatterned Silicon (2013)

Spectacular progress in developing advanced Si circuits with reduced size, along the track of Moore's law, has been relying on necessary developments in wet cleaning of nanopatterned Si wafers to provide contaminant free surfaces. The most efficient cleaning is achieved when complete wetting can be realized. In this work, ordered arrays of silicon nanopillars on a hitherto unexplored small scale have been used to study the wetting behavior on nanomodulated surfaces in a substantial range of surface treatments and geometrical parameters. With the use of optical reflectance measurements, the nanoscale water imbibition depths have been measured and the transition to the superhydrophobic Cassie-Baxter state has been accurately determined. For pillars of high aspect ratio (about 15), the transition occurs even when the surface is grafted with a hydrophilic functional group. We have found a striking consistent deviation between the contact angle measurements and the straightforward application of the classical wetting models. Molecular dynamics simulations show that these deviations can be attributed to the long overlooked atomic-scale surface perturbations that are introduced during the nanofabrication process. When the transition condition is approached, transient states of partial imbibition that characterize intermediate states between the Wenzel and Cassie-Baxter states are revealed in our experiments.
Dinoflagellate bioluminescence: A comparative study of invitro components (1976)

Abstract In vitro bioluminescence components of the dinoflagellates Gonyaulax polyedra, G. tamarensis, Dissodinium lunula , and Pyrocystis noctiluca were studied. The luciferases and luciferins of the four species cross‐react in all combinations. All of these species possess high‐molecular weight luciferases (200,000–400,000 daltons) with similar pH activity profiles. The active single chains of luciferases from the Gonyaulax species have a MW of 130,000 while those from P. noctiluca and D. lunula have a MW of 60,000. Extractable luciferase activity varies with time of day in the two Gonyaulax species, but not in the other two. A luciferin binding protein (LBP) can easily be extracted from the two Gonyaulax species (MW ˜ 120,000 daltons), but none could be detected in extracts of either D. lunula or P. noctiluca . Scintillons are extractable from all four species, but they vary in density and the degree to which activity can be increased by added luciferin. Although the biochemistry of bioluminescence in these dinoflagellates is generally similar, the observations that D. lunula and P. noctiluca apparently lack LBP and have luciferases with low MW single chains require further clarification.
Exploiting Hyperlinks to Learn a Retrieval Model (2005)

Information Retrieval (IR) aims at solving a ranking problem: given a query $q$ and a corpus $C$, the documents of $C$ should be ranked such that the documents relevant to $q$ appear above the others. This task is generally performed by ranking the documents $d \\in C$ according to their similarity with respect to $q$, $sim (q,d)$. The identification of an effective function $a,b \\to sim(a,b)$ could be performed using a large set of queries with their corresponding relevance assessments. However, such data are especially expensive to label, thus, as an alternative, we propose to rely on hyperlink data which convey analogous semantic relationships. We then empirically show that a measure $sim$ inferred from hyperlinked documents can actually outperform the state-of-the-art {\\em Okapi} approach, when applied over a non-hyperlinked retrieval corpus.
The Effect of Grain-Coating Microquartz on Preservation of Reservoir Porosity (1996)

Clay coatings have been widely accepted by many workers as an explanation for preserving high porosity in deeply buried sandstones, but few workers have realized that similar effects can be produced by microcrystalline quartz coatings. This phenomenon can be expected only under special circumstances, but in such cases it can have profound consequences for exploration. In the Central Graben area of the southern North Sea, unusually high porosity (20-27%) and permeability (100-1000 md) are found in certain zones in Upper Jurassic sandstones at depths of 3.4-4.4 km. The porosity in these zones is 5-15% higher than expected based on average porosity-depth trends from Brent and Haltenbanken sandstones. We propose that the high porosity is due to continuous grain coatings of euhedral microcrystalline quartz crystals that are 0.1-2 µm thick. The distribution of microcrystalline quartz coatings is controlled by the presence of siliceous sponge spicules (Rhaxella), which implies a sedimentological control on the reservoir quality. We present a thermodynamic model showing how continuous microcrystalline quartz coatings inhibit development of no mal macrocrystalline quartz overgrowths sourced mainly from stylolites. High porosities in parts of various Upper Jurassic oil fields (Ula and Gyda) have previously been explained by inhibition of quartz cementation by early hydrocarbon charge. We suggest that the microcrystalline quartz coatings provide a more plausible explanation.
Disulfonyl Chlorides:  A Universal Class of Initiators for Metal-Catalyzed “Living” Diradical Polymerization of Styrene(s), Methacrylates, and Acrylates (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTDisulfonyl Chlorides: A Universal Class of Initiators for Metal-Catalyzed "Living" Diradical Polymerization of Styrene(s), Methacrylates, and AcrylatesV. Percec, H.-J. Kim, and B. BarboiuView Author Information The W. M. Keck Laboratories for Organic Synthesis, Department of Macromolecular Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-7202 Cite this: Macromolecules 1997, 30, 21, 6702–6705Publication Date (Web):October 20, 1997Publication History Received10 June 1997Revised7 August 1997Published online20 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma9708508https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9708508rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views487Altmetric-Citations102LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Living polymerization,Organic compounds,Polymerization,Radical polymerization Get e-Alerts
Multi-Agent Cooperative Control Consensus: A Comparative Review (2018)

Cooperative control consensus is one of the most actively studied topics within the realm of multi-agent systems. It generally aims to drive multi-agent systems to achieve a common group objective. The core aim of this paper is to promote research in cooperative control community by presenting the latest trends in this field. A summary of theoretical results regarding consensus for agreement analysis for complex dynamic systems and time-invariant information exchange topologies is briefly described in a unified way. The application under both non-formation and formation cooperative control consensus for multi-agent system also investigated. In addition, future recommendations and some open problems are also proposed.
Array of things: a scientific research instrument in the public way (2017)

The "Array of Things" (AoT) project aims to create an urban- scale instrument for research and development across many disciplines. The concept is to exploit Internet of Things (IoT) technologies to build an instrument analogous to an array telescope, where many identical detectors spread over an area work as a unit. AoT, then, is an IoT-enabled "telescope" pointed at the city. With support from the National Science Foundation, the University of Chicago, Argonne National Laboratory, the City of Chicago, and industry the project has adapted an Argonne- developed resilient sensor-hosting platform, Waggle, for urban installations. The project will install 500 units, or "nodes," by late 2018, with installation in phases to allow for technology improvements based on evaluation of early installations as well as to enable one or more insertion points for component upgrades and expansions, such as emerging sensors. This paper describes the initial stages of the project, focusing on lessons learned in areas ranging from resilient technical design to manufacturing to privacy policies and public engagement.