gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutation Effects of a Conserved Alanine (Ala510) in Type I Polyhydroxyalkanoate Synthase from <i>Ralstonia eutropha</i> on Polyester Biosynthesis (2004)

Type I polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases, as represented by Ralstonia eutropha enzyme (PhaC(Re)), have narrow substrate specificity toward (R)-3-hydroxyacyl-coenzyme A with acyl chain length of C3-C5 to yield PHA polyesters. In this study, saturation point mutagenesis of a highly conserved alanine at position 510 (A510) in PhaC(Re) was carried out to investigate the effects on the polymerization activity and the substrate specificity for in vivo PHA biosynthesis in bacterial cells. A series of saturation mutants were first applied for poly[(R)-3-hydroxybutyrate] homopolymer synthesis in Escherichia coli and R. eutropha PHB(-)4 (PHA negative mutant) cells to assess the polymerization activity. All mutants showed quantitatively similar polymerization activities when R. eutropha PHB(-)4 was used for assay, whereas several mutants such as A510P showed low activities in E. coli. Further analysis has revealed that majority of mutants synthesize polyesters with higher molecular weights than the wild-type. In particular, substitution by acidic amino acids, A510D(E), led to remarkable increases in molecular weights. Subsequently, PHA copolymer synthesis from dodecanoate (C12 fatty acid) was examined. The copolymer compositions were varied depending on the mutants used. Significant increased fractions of long monomer units (C6 and C8) in PHA copolymers were observed for three mutants [A510M(Q,C)]. From these results, the mutations at this potion are beneficial to change the molecular weight of polyesters and the substrate specificity of PhaC(Re). Molecular weight distributions of PHA polymers synthesized by the wild-type enzyme (PhaC(Re)) and its mutants.
Distributed feedback pulse generator based on nonlinearfibre grating (1996)

The authors show that at high intensities, a fibre Bragg grating converts an input pulse into a pair of soliton-like output pulses. This could form the basis of a distributed feedback pulse generator or reshaper with applications in all-optical communications.
The mechanical design and fabrication of a ridge-loaded waveguide for an RFQ (1998)

A Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerator with an RF power input of 2 MW and an H{sup +} beam output current of 100 mAmps at 6.7 MeV, continuous duty factor utilizes twelve nearly identical ridge-loaded waveguides. The ridge-loaded, vacuum waveguides couple the RF power to the RFQ accelerating cavity. The mechanical design and fabrication of the ridge-loaded waveguides are the topics of this paper.
Thermal coloration and insolubilization in polyacrylonitrile (1962)

Abstract The thermal coloration reaction in polyacrylonitrile is shown to be similar to that which occurs in polymethacrylonitrile, consisting essentially of the linking up of adjacent nitrile groups to form conjugated carbon‐nitrogen sequences. Thus infrared spectral changes in both polymers consist of a decrease in CN absorption accompanied by the development of CN and conjugated CN absorption. The reactions are accelerated similarly, by nucleophilic reagents such as acids either copolymerized into or external to the polymer chains. There are, however, two major differences between the coloration behaviors of these two materials. Firstly, while polymethacrylonitrile remains color‐stable below 200°C. in the absence of nucleophilic initiating agents, pure polyacrylonitrile colors at a finite rate which is not reduced by further attempts at monomer purification. This is due to the fact that the tertiary CH structures in polyacrylonitrile, absent in polymethacrylonitrile, are capable of initiating coloration. It seems more likely that this occurs intramolecularly than intermolecularly. Secondly, while polymethacrylonitrile remains soluble even when extensively colored, polyacrylonitrile rapidly insolubilizes. This is not due to crosslinking in an intermolecular self‐initiation process; rather, it appears that the successive linking up of nitrile groups can move. from molecule to molecule in polyacrylonitrile owing to the more intimate packing of the chains, so that “propagation crosslinks” are produced. This theory of “propagation crosslinking” is supported by the observed influence of various comonomers in inhibiting crosslinking.
A 3-DOF Parallel Robot With Spherical Motion for the Rehabilitation and Evaluation of Balance Performance (2010)

In this paper a novel electrically actuated parallel robot with three degrees-of-freedom (3 DOF) for dynamic postural studies is presented. The design has been described, the solution to the inverse kinematics has been found, and a numerical solution for the direct kinematics has been proposed. The workspace of the implemented robot is characterized by an angular range of motion of about ±10° for roll and pitch when yaw is in the range ±15°. The robot was constructed and the orientation accuracy was tested by means of an optoelectronic system and by imposing a sinusoidal input, with a frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 10°, along the three axes, in sequence. The collected data indicated a phase delay of 1° and an amplitude error of 0.5%-1.5%; similar values were observed for cross-axis sensitivity errors. We also conducted a clinical application on a group of normal subjects, who were standing in equilibrium on the robot base with eyes open (EO) and eyes closed (EC), which was rotated with a tri-axial sinusoidal trajectory with a frequency of 0.5 Hz and amplitude 5° for roll and pitch and 10° for the yaw. The postural configuration of the subjects was recorded with an optoelectronic system. However, due to the mainly technical nature of this paper, only initial validation outcomes are reported here. The clinical application showed that only the tilt and displacement on the sagittal pane of head, trunk, and pelvis in the trials conducted with eyes closed were affected by drift and that the reduction of the yaw rotation and of the mediolateral translation was not a controlled parameter, as happened, instead, for the other anatomical directions.
An Effective Address Mutation Approach for Disrupting Reconnaissance Attacks (2015)

Network reconnaissance of addresses and ports is prerequisite to a vast majority of cyber attacks. Meanwhile, the static address configuration of networks and hosts simplifies adversarial reconnaissance for target discovery. Although the randomization of host addresses has been suggested as a proactive disruption mechanism against such reconnaissance, the proposed approaches do not exploit the full potentials of address randomization in provision of unpredictability and attack adaptability. Moreover, these approaches do not provide thorough analysis on effectiveness and limitations of address randomization against relevant threat models, including stealthy scanning and worms. In this paper, we present an effective address randomization technique, called random host address mutation (RHM), that turns end-hosts into untraceable moving targets. This technique achieves maximum efficacy by allowing address randomization to be highly unpredictable and fast, and adaptive to adversarial behavior, while incurring low operational and reconfiguration overhead. Our approach achieves the following objectives: (1) it achieves high uncertainty in adversary scanning by modeling address mutation randomization as a multi-level satisfiability problem; (2) it adapts the mutation scheme by fast characterization of adversarial reconnaissance patterns; (3) it achieves high mutation rate by separating mutation from end-hosts and managing it via network appliances; and (4) it preserves network integrity, manageability and performance by bounding the size of routing tables, preserving end-to-end reachability, and efficient handling of reconfiguration updates. Our extensive analyses and simulation show that the RHM distorts adversarial reconnaissance, slows down (deters) the attack, and increases its detectability. Consequently, the RHM is effective in countering a significant number of sophisticated threat models, including reconnaissance, stealthy/evasive scanning methods, and targeted attacks. We also address limitations of our approach in terms of effectiveness and applicability.
Triiodothyronine amplifies norepinephrine stimulation of uncoupling protein gene transcription by a mechanism not requiring protein synthesis. (1988)

Transcription of the uncoupling protein (UCP) gene in rat brown adipose tissue has been evaluated by a nuclear run-on transcription assay. Nuclei from euthyroid rats treated with norepinephrine (NE) exhibited a 3-4-fold increase in transcription 2 h after the injection, whereas the UCP mRNA abundance increased 2-3-fold during the same interval. In contrast, neither UCP mRNA nor the transcription rate increased in response to the same treatment in hypothyroid rats, but the transcriptional response was recovered 2 h after the injection of a receptor saturating dose of 3,5,3'-L-triiodothyronine (T3). When injected to rats given T3 4 h before, NE increased UCP gene transcription and mRNA abundance by 4-5 and 3-4-fold, respectively, by 2 h. Neither cycloheximide nor emetine prevented this effect of T3. In euthyroid rats, the UCP gene transcription rate increased within 15 min of exposure to 4 degrees C. In contrast, in hypothyroid rats exposed to 4 degrees C overnight the transcription rate remained unchanged, but it started to increase steeply 2 h after the intravenous injection of a receptor saturating dose of T3 with UCP mRNA lagging approximately 1 h behind. Unilateral denervation of interscapular brown adipose tissue in hypothyroid rats caused a 60-70% ipsilateral reduction in transcription rate and UCP mRNA. When T3 was given to these rats, it only stimulated UCP gene transcription and UCP mRNA accumulation in the intact side, but there was a symmetrical stimulation when NE was injected following the T3. We conclude that the UCP gene is under dual control by T3 and NE. The primary signal seems to be generated by NE. This signal increases UCP mRNA by stimulating the transcription rate of the UCP gene. From the denervation experiments and the lack of response of UCP to NE in hypothyroid rats, we estimate that T3 amplifies 4-5-fold the transcriptional response to NE. No stabilization of UCP mRNA needs to be invoked to explain the acute effect of T3. The T3-dependent signal amplifying the NE effect is consistent with being the T3-receptor complex or another T3-derived signal that is neither a newly synthesized protein nor a rapidly turned-over pre-existing protein, activated by T3.
Misfolded proteinase K–resistant hyperphosphorylated α-synuclein in aged transgenic mice with locomotor deterioration and in human α-synucleinopathies (2002)

The pathological modifications of -synuclein (S) in Parkinson disease and related diseases are poorly understood. We have detected misfolded S in situ based on the proteinase K resistance (PK resistance) of S fibrils, and using specific antibodies against S129-phosphorylated S as well as oxidized S. Unexpectedly massive neuritic pathology was found in affected human brain regions, in addition to classical S pathology. PK resistance and abnormal phosphorylation of S developed with increasing age in (Thy1)-h[A30P] S transgenic mice, concomitant with formation of argyrophilic, thioflavin S-positive, and electron-dense inclusions that were occasionally ubiquitinated. S pathology in the transgenic mice was predominantly in the brainstem and spinal cord. Astrogliosis was found in these heavily affected tissues. Homozygous mice showed the same pathology approximately one year earlier. The transgenic mice showed a progressive deterioration of locomotor function. Thus, misfolding and hyperphosphorylation of S may cause dysfunction of affected brain regions.
Static detection of malicious JavaScript-bearing PDF documents (2011)

Despite the recent security improvements in Adobe's PDF viewer, its underlying code base remains vulnerable to novel exploits. A steady flow of rapidly evolving PDF malware observed in the wild substantiates the need for novel protection instruments beyond the classical signature-based scanners. In this contribution we present a technique for detection of JavaScript-bearing malicious PDF documents based on static analysis of extracted JavaScript code. Compared to previous work, mostly based on dynamic analysis, our method incurs an order of magnitude lower run-time overhead and does not require special instrumentation. Due to its efficiency we were able to evaluate it on an extremely large real-life dataset obtained from the VirusTotal malware upload portal. Our method has proved to be effective against both known and unknown malware and suitable for large-scale batch processing.
Advanced Particulate Sensors for Spacecraft Early Warning Fire Detection (2010)

Preventing fires in spacecraft or remote habitats is always the first line of defense to avoid a fire that compromises the missions, hardware, and crew. If a fire occurs, the objective is to detect the associated fire signatures at the earliest possible time from inception, thus minimizing propagation and collateral damage while providing maximal margin for suppression. Knowledge of the particulate and/or gaseous fire signatures as they occur under the unique combination of a reduced-gravity environment and materials typical of spaceflight applications is essential for the design of spacecraft fire detectors. This paper describes how recent experiments conducted on the ISS have guided the design and development of a unique two-moment smoke particulate detector. This detector, known as the Multi-Parameter Aerosol Scattering Spectrometer (MPASS) determines both the total surface area and mass of the aerosol, corresponding to the second and third moments of the distributions, respectively. These quantities can be correlated with the specific materials being pyrolyzed, and potentially the spatial/temporal evolution as the aerosol ages. The methodology for designing a sensor with the desired response function is discussed, as well as test results that demonstrate the performance of prototype devices.
Mu d-directed lacZ fusions regulated by low pH in Escherichia coli (1987)

Methods were devised to isolate strains of Escherichia coli containing Mu d (lacZ Kmr) operon fusions regulated by external pH and by internal pH. External acid-inducible fusions (exa) were detected by plating a Mu d fusion pool on Luria broth with 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-beta-D-galactoside, buffered at pH 7.4, and then replica plating on the same medium buffered at pH 5.5. Two exa strains showed induction by external acidification, up to 800-fold and 90-fold. Induction of both fusions was maximal at pH 5.6 and minimal over pH 7.0 to 8.3. There was no induction by membrane-permeable weak acids which depress internal pH at constant external pH. Anaerobiosis increased the steady-state level of transcription of exa-1 5-fold and of exa-2 2.5-fold at low external pH. Internal acid-inducible fusions (ina) were detected by plating a Mu d fusion pool on MacConkey medium, pH 6.8, and then replica plating with 15 mM benzoate. Two ina strains showed 10-fold induction by 20 mM benzoate at external pH 7.0. Similar results were obtained with other weak acids; their relative potency (salicylate greater than benzoate greater than dimethoxazoledinedione) was consistent with their relative ability to depress internal pH. In the absence of a weak acid, external pH had almost no effect over the pH range 5.5 to 8.0. Anaerobiosis did not affect ina induction. To our knowledge, this is the first report of E. coli genes induced specifically by internal but not external acidification and the first report of gene fusions induced by external acidification but not by weak acids.
Phase Transitions and Transient Liquid‐Phase Sintering in Calcium‐Substituted Lanthanum Chromite (1997)

This paper investigates sintering and phase transitions of La 0.7 CaxCrO 3 (0.25≥x≥0.35), a material useful as electrical interconnections in solid oxide fuel cells. Heating of the quenched, metastable single‐phase chromite resulted in exsolution of CaCrO 4 due to Ca solubility limitations below 1200°C. A transient liquid phase formed between 850° and 1000°C as the CaCrO 4 melted, causing partial densification in materials having 0.25 < x < 0.30. A slight increase in Ca content induced an additional liquid‐phase sintering event, likely due to melting of Ca 3 (CrO 4 ) 2 , which facilitated near‐complete densification by 1250°C. After enhancing sintering, the secondary phases redissolved into the chromite.
Cell biology and clinical promise of G‐CSF: immunomodulation and neuroprotection (2007)

In the light of the enthusiasm to use of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for immunomodulation and neuroprotection, it should be remembered that the current knowledge is based on a century of laborious research. G-CSF is a pleiotropic cytokine playing a major role as regulator of haematopoiesis. Although the precise mechanisms of G-CSF are not known, there is growing evidence supporting the notion that G-CSF also exerts profound immunoregulatory effect in adaptive immunity and has a neuroprotective role in both cerebral ischemia and neurodegeneration. Here, we describe the immunomodulation and the neuroprotection that can be achieved with G-CSF, and summarize possible mechanisms of G-CSF as a potential therapeutic agent in autoimmune diseases and neurological disorders. Our understanding of these novel sites of action of G-CSF has opened therapeutic avenues for the treatment of autoimmune diseases and neurological disorders, and has translated the beneficial effects of G-CSF from basic experiments to clinical patients.
A source voltage-clamped resonant link inverter for a PMSM using a predictive current control technique (1999)

A simple source voltage-clamped resonant link (SVCRL) inverter is proposed to clamp the DC-link voltage to the input source voltage and reduce the current rating of a resonant inductor. The current control of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) employing a predictive current control technique (PCCT) for the SVCRL, inverter is also investigated to overcome the disadvantage of the current-regulated delta modulation (CRDM) control technique. By employing the PCCT based on the discrete model of a PMSM and estimation of back electromotive force (EMF), the minimized current ripple with a small number of switchings can be obtained. Finally, the comparative computer simulation and experimental results are given to show the usefulness of the proposed technique.
Transillumination lightscanning to diagnose breast cancer: a feasibility study (1984)

Lightscanning is a new technique for breast diagnosis. The breast is illuminated with low-intensity light, and the transmission pattern of relatively narrow bands of red and infrared light is detected, amplified, reconstructed, and displayed in visual wavelengths. With a prototype scanner, 1200 patients referred for xeromammography were examined. All patients had both a lightscan and a xeromammogram obtained on the same day, and the examinations were interpreted blindly and in combination. Thirty-three patients had biopsy-proven cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of the nonblind lightscan and the xeromammogram were comparable. The sensitivity of the blind lightscan was poorer than the other two examinations for tumors smaller than 10 mm and for nonpalpable tumors. The technique of lightscanning is discussed and recommendations for further evaluation are made.
The ceramide analog, B13, induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines and inhibits tumor growth in prostate cancer xenografts (2003)

Targeting ceramide pathways may be a novel treatment strategy for hormone refractory prostate cancer.
ASIC design and implementation of an associative memory processor for syntactic recognition (2002)

This paper presents the ASIC design and implementation of a special purpose processor for syntactic recognition of context-free languages. The machine is an associative processor that takes advantage of the single-instruction multiple-data stream (SIMD) parallel processing capability of a content-addressable memory (CAM), designed to operate as a coprocessor in systems with an I.S.A. bus (IBM PC/AT). The processor is designed and implemented with multiple ASIC components, including both a full-custom content-addressable memory device and multiple Programmable Logic Devices (FPGA/PLD).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Induction of endothelial adhesion molecules by rat cytomegalovirus in allogeneic lung transplantation in the rat. (1995)

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is known to be a major risk factor for the development of chronic transplant rejection in heart and lung transplantation. A possible mechanism for the induction of lung transplant rejection by CMV infection is the inflammatory upregulation of adhesion ligand molecules by the viral infection leading to an increased endothelial-leucocyte interaction. To study this question, an experimental model was established in the rat using a rat cytomegalovirus (RCMV) infection and acute lung transplant rejection in left single lung transplantation. The distribution of RCMV, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and its leucocyte receptor CD11a (LFA-1) were investigated by immunohistochemistry. The viral infection was observed in transplant lungs of infected hosts as early as day 11. The expression of ICAM-1 on endothelial cells was induced and enhanced by RCMV infection, and infiltration of CD11a-positive leucocytes found to be increased in infected recipients. An acceleration of the rejection of the allografts by the hosts was found.
Handbook of Advanced Materials Testing (1994)

Part 1 Structural characterization methods: nuclear methods of materials analysis trace deterioration of molecules by laser two-photon ionization material characterization using electron energy loss spectroscopy principles of scanning electron microscope (SEM) for structural characterization ion-exclusion chromatography quantitative structure-retention relationships and chromatographic determination of hydrophobicity applications of micro-Raman spectroscopy isotope dilution LC/MS using a particle beam interface applications of electron holography use of X-ray diffusion in properties testing. Part 2 Interface and structural composite test methods: characterization of fiber/matrix interface strength and fiber strength by an acoustic emission coupled single-fiber-composite techniques new techniques for grain boundary determinations techniques for studying composite interfaces determination of interfacial properties of fibrous composites methods for determination of the work-of-fracture of ceramics fracture toughness and strength testing of ceramic composites crack propagation modes in composites effects of thermal expansion anisotropy of coating on thermal stresses in fiber/coating systems characterization of polycarbonate toughness by precrack hystersis high temperature stress rupture tests for evaluating the durability of ceramics. Part 3 Properties testing of polymers and composites: GPC-UV/VIS - a powerful tool for polymer analysis acid-base properties of polymers in the solid-state solid state NMR investigation of cationic polymerized epoxy resins bending beam technique for the measurement of solvent diffusions in polymer containing layered structures techniques for studying the viscous flow behavior of glassy alloys the design, construction, and evaluation of a pulse rheometer for reacting foams techniques for tensile properties testing of composites application of flow birefringence to converging weld flows dynamic analysis technique and applications to polymers non-destructive testing and analysis of rubber materials by computed X-ray tomography scanning. (Part Contents).