gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sensitivity Improvement in 100 Gb/s-per-Wavelength Links Using Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers or Avalanche Photodiodes (2016)

Intra-data-center links are scaling to 100 Gb/s per wavelength using four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (4-PAM) and direct detection, but a restrictive link budget makes it difficult to support wavelength-division multiplexing or optical circuit switching. We investigate receiver sensitivity improvements achievable using semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) or avalanche photodiodes (APDs). We analyze and simulate the impact of modulator bandwidth limitations and chirp, fiber dispersion, transient SOA gain saturation, excess shot noise, and intersymbol interference caused by the APD. Using the 4-PAM and linear equalization, an SOA with 20-dB fiber-to-fiber gain and 6-dB noise figure can improve the receiver sensitivity up to 6 dB over a thermal noise-limited receiver, whereas an APD with k <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</sub> = 0.18 and responsivity R = 0.74 A/W provides 4.5-dB sensitivity improvement over the same reference system. We further present a simple algorithm to optimize the intensity levels and decision thresholds for a generic non-Gaussian noise distribution, which can provide an additional sensitivity improvement of 1-2 dB. For SOAs, transient gain saturation effects cause negligible sensitivity penalties, but limit the receiver dynamic range to about 15 dB for the worst case of single-wavelength pre-amplification. For APDs, we show that the APD responsivity, impact ionization factor, low-gain bandwidth, and gain-bandwidth product are all critical parameters governing the system performance.
A Novel Route To Poly(ε-caprolactone)-Based Copolymers via Anionic Derivatization (2000)

Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) is known to biodegrade under composting or water sewage plant conditions. However, as compared with poly(alpha-hydroxy acids) derived from lactic and glycolic acids, PCL is much more resistant to chemical hydrolysis and is achiral, a feature that limits very much the possibility of property modulation through the configurational structure of polymer chains. For the sake of enlarging the family of PCL-type polymers, a novel method is proposed which is based on the anionic activation of PCL chain by the removal of a proton from the methylene group in alpha-position of the ester carbonyl present in the main chain, using a nonnucleophilic base such as lithium diisopropyl amide (LDA). This activation leads to a polycarbanion onto which various electrophile groups can be attached. The feasibility of the process was first shown on poly(methyl acrylate), (PMA), whose polyacrylic main chain is resistant to strong bases. The PMA polycarbanion was modified by various electrophiles, namely benzaldehyde, naphthoyl chloride, benzyl chloroformate, and iodomethane. In a second stage, the same reactions were performed successfully on PCL. The degree of substitution depended on the experimental conditions. PCL underwent main chain degradation during the formation of the polycarbanion whereas the reaction with the electrophiles did not cause any further main chain cleavages. The degradation of PCL chains can be limited enough to give access to novel functional PCL polymers.
Identities and Dilemmas of the Accounting Sciences Academic (2006)

This paper investigates identity issues in the accounting sciences teaching and research profession. As both teacher and researcher in search of identity, the academic in accounting, management control, and auditing faces several dilemmas relating to epistemological and didactic dimensions. On one hand, as a relay of accounting practices, he can identify himself as a mimetic translator of accounting practices and as a legitimating agent. On the other hand, he can be considered a creator of accounting theories. In search of theoretical perspectives, the researcher bases his teachings on economic and organizational fundamentals.
124. Indoles. Part III. The action of (A) ozone, and (B) osmium tetroxide on some indole derivatives (1953)

D. W. Ockenden and K. Schofield, J. Chem. Soc., 1953, 612 DOI: 10.1039/JR9530000612
Effect of different levels of irrigation and planting pattern on grain yield, yield components and water use efficiency of corn grain (Zea mays L.) hybrid SC. 704 (2012)

Corn production management including irrigation and planting pattern might be different under various conditions. This research was conducted to study the effects of different levels of irrigation and planting pattern on grain and biological yield, yield components, and water use efficiency of grain corn (hybrid SC.704) in 2010 cropping season at Natural Resources and Agricultural Researches Center of Khuzestan, south-west Iran. The study was split-plot experiment, using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. Three irrigation levels consisting of optimum irrigation (I1), drought moderate stress (I2) and drought severe stress (I3), (irrigation based on 100, 80 and 60% water requirement, respectively) were considered as main plots and subplots consisted of two planting pattern, planting in furrow (P1) and planting on raised bed (P2). The amount of water applied was determined by Class-A Pan evaporation every day. Required irrigation water was applied as 70 mm of evaporation of Class-A Pan. The total evaporation from Class-A Pan was measured with a manual limnimeter that has 0.1 mm accuracy. These measurements were checked with the readings from the water flow meters mounted in every plot. The results indicated that the effect of drought stress and planting pattern on grain and biological yields was significant at 1% probability level. The maximum grain yield of about 998 gm-2 was obtained from optimum irrigation treatment. Drought severe stress reduced the grain yield by 30% compared to the optimum irrigation condition. This reduction was mainly due to reduction in grain number per ear and average of grain weight. Step-wise regression analysis indicated that about 88% of grain yield variation was related to the grain number per ear. Increasing amount of water applied, while planting in furrow improved economical and biological water use efficiency mainly due to increased grain and biological yields. The results also indicated that selecting suitable treatments )optimum irrigation with planting in furrow system( and change in leaf area index would be optimal for corn grown in semi-arid regions with saline soil similar to the area in south west of Iran where this study was conducted and can cause plant growth increase and high yield access.

	 

	Key words: Corn, irrigation, planting pattern, water use efficiency.
Performance analysis of improved pulse-position modulation in infrared links (1999)

In this paper, pulse-position modulation (PPM) for indoor unguided optical links are compared in terms of performances and required complexity. By means of a direct application of the correlation operator and the corresponding bit error rate (BER) computation, we conclude that Gaussian pulse-position modulation (GPPM) provides better performance than classic PPM schemes, so as to minimize both intersymbol interference (ISI), induced by multipath propagation, and phase distortion effects, due to the interference suppression receiver filter.
LyQ - An Emotion-aware Music Player (2006)

HIV-1 isolates are classified phylogenetically in several subtypes or clades according to env and gag coding sequences. Viral subtypes tend to cluster geographically. DNA sequences encoding the p51 subunit of reverse transcriptase were obtained by nested polymerase chain reaction from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of two HIV-1-seropositive individuals from New Delhi and three from Pune, in northern and western India, respectively. These isolates were previously characterized as subtype C according to their env sequences. Based on phylogenetic analysis, the reverse transcriptase coding region of these isolates is distinct from those of subtype A, subtype B, subtype D, and group O of HIV-1 viruses. The nucleotide divergence of these Indian pol sequences (3.3%) is similar to that of existing sequences for subtype B and subtype D viruses. This result supports the epidemiologic data of a more recently introduced HIV-1 epidemic in India. Based on the corresponding env sequences, the pol sequences described in this report are subtype C.
Indoor localization with channel impulse response based fingerprint and nonparametric regression (2010)

In this paper, we propose a fingerprint-based localization scheme that exploits the location dependency of the channel impulse response (CIR). We approximate the CIR by applying inverse Fourier transform to the receiver's channel estimation. The amplitudes of the approximated CIR (ACIR) vector are further transformed into the logarithmic scale to ensure that elements in the ACIR vector contribute fairly to the location estimation, which is accomplished through nonparametric kernel regression. As shown in our simulations, when both the number of access points and density of training locations are the same, our proposed scheme displays significant advantages in localization accuracy, compared to other fingerprint-based methods found in the literature. Moreover, absolute localization accuracy of the proposed scheme is shown to be resilient to the real time environmental changes caused by human bodies with random positions and orientations.
Pulse-shaping filters with ISI-free matched and unmatched filter properties (1998)

Pulse-shaping filters which have intersymbol-interference-free properties, with or without matched filtering at the receiver, may reduce the hardware cost of modem systems in some applications. A new class of such filters, with the one given by Xia (see ibid., vol.45, p.1157-58, 1997) as a special case, is proposed. This is done by showing that such a filter can be deduced from any one of a wide variety of ISI-free filters.
Interleukin 1β, Interleukin 6, Tumor Necrosis Factor α, and Interleukin 10 Responses in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells of Cynomolgus Macaques during Acute Infection with SIVmac251 (1996)

HIV infection ultimately leads to AIDS, despite the immune responses elicited soon after infection. In addition to the observed changes in lymphoid cell subsets, alteration of the cytokine network most likely accompanies and/or contributes to the lack of protective immune responses. In an attempt to delineate the early events in the immune response to lentivirus infection, we have sequentially monitored levels of proinflammatory (IL-1 beta, IL-6, and TNF-alpha) and antiinflammatory (IL-10) cytokine mRNAs in PBMCs of cynomolgus macaques during primary SIVmac infection. Eight monkeys were infected i.v. with 4 AID50 of cell-free SIVmac251. All monkeys seroconverted between days 16 and 21 postinfection (p.i.), and had detectable peripheral viremia. The viral load peaked between days 12 and 16 p.i., and fell sharply thereafter. A marked increase in the expression of IL-6 mRNA was observed in all macaques during the first weeks following infection. An increase in the levels of expression of IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 mRNA was also determined in six, six, and five of the eight monkeys, respectively. While IL-6, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 increased transiently, increased levels of IL-1 beta mRNA expression were sustained over 44 days in most monkeys.
Simulated Digestion of<i> Vitis vinifera</i> Seed Powder:  Polyphenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties (2006)

There is increasing evidence that reactive oxygen species arising from several enzymatic reactions are mediators of inflammatory events. Plant preparations have the potential for scavenging such reactive oxygen species. Flavans and procyanidins are bioavailable and stable during the process of cooking. This study used conditions that mimicked digestion of Vitis vinifera seed powder in the stomach (acidic preparation) and small intestine (neutral preparation). The flavonoids of these two preparations were released during simulated digestion and were determined with HPLC analysis. Biochemical model reactions relevant for the formation of reactive oxygen species in vivo at inflammatory sites were used to determine the antioxidant properties of the two preparations. The inhibition of the indicator reaction for the formation of reactive oxygen species represents a potential mechanism of the physiological activity of the corresponding preparation. The results of this work show clearly that the polyphenols released during the simulated digestion of the two preparations have good scavenging potential against superoxide radicals, hydroxyl radicals, and singlet oxygen. They protect low-density lipoprotein against copper-induced oxidation due to the copper-chelating properties and their chain-breaking abilities in lipid peroxidation.
Growth of Bifidobacteria in Milk and Preparation of Bifidobacterium infantis for a Dietary Adjunct (1984)

Abstract Addition of .2% modified deMan, Rogosa, Sharp broth permitted growth of four species of Bifidobacterium in either 10 or 12% nonfat dry milk. Serial propagations of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bifidobacterium infantis , and Bifidobacterium longum were successful in the modified milk, but Bifidobacterium bifidum required addition of ascorbic acid. Cysteine (.05%) plus either pyruvic acid (.05%) or ascorbic acid (.2%) successfully replaced addition of the broth for Bifidobacterium longum and Bifidobacterium bifidum. Bifidobacterium infantis was stable to lyophilization, and lyophilized Bifidobacterium infantis showed no decrease of viability during storage for 4 mo at 4°C under air in a dessicator or during suspension (2×10 6 /ml) for at least 7 days in refrigerated pasteurized lowfat milk.
Competition among Mixed Adsorbates Affecting the Adsorption of Gaseous Methyl Ethyl Ketone by Hydrophobic Molecular Sieve (2007)

Internal circulation cabinets, equipped with adsorbents for emitted volatile organic compounds (VOCs), are extensively used to store organic solvents in Taiwanese university and hospital laboratories. This work evaluates how ketone and isopropanol (IPA) respectively influence the methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) adsorption capacity of a hydrophobic molecular sieve (MS) with a high Si/Al ratio of 1000, HiSiv 1000, manufactured by UOP LLC Corporation, USA. Experimental results for MEK at concentrations from 113 to 2815 ppm reveal that the MEK adsorption capacity is linearly expressed as the natural logarithm of adsorption time (ln (t)) at the constant temperature 27°C and relative humidity 72 ± 3%. The variations in the simulated MEK equilibrium adsorption capacity (Qe, g MEK/g MS) and concentration (C, ppm) are closely fitted using a Langmuir isotherm. Lower VOC concentration ratios less than 0.17 for mixing acetone and IPA respectively with MEK rarely affect the MEK adsorption by HiSiv 1000. However, the effect of competitive adsorption, which evidently reduces the adsorption capacity of MEK, is related to the higher mixture concentration ratio (> 0.80) of IPA to MEK. The experimental results show that the hydrophobicity characteristics of MEK, acetone and IPA were responsible for variation in adsorption capacity of hydrophobic molecular sieve. Working parameters of adsorbent materials in the internal circulation cabinet have been also provided for preventing breakthrough of VOC adsorption by the molecular sieve.
[Protection on intestinal mucosa barrier during perioperative period of esophageal cancer]. (2011)

Intestinal mucosa plays important roles in digestion, absorption and substance exchange between organism and external environment. Meanwhile, it is the largest immune organ and mucosal barrier, including mechanical, biological and immune barrier. A variety of diseases, especially postoperative complications, are associated with the damage of mucosal barrier. Esophageal cancer surgery is complex and many perioperative factors, especially hypoperfusion and fasting, may affect the integrity of intestinal barrier. Understanding of the mechanism of intestinal barrier (mechanical, biological and immune barrier), the physiological function of probiotics, and the benefit of early enteral nutrition to intestinal barrier are important components to achieve fast recovery after surgery for esophageal cancer.
Cleaning of AlN and GaN surfaces (1998)

Successful ex situ and in situ cleaning procedures for AlN and GaN surfaces have been investigated and achieved. Exposure to HF and HCl solutions produced the lowest coverages of oxygen on AlN and GaN surfaces, respectively. However, significant amounts of residual F and Cl were detected. These halogens tie up dangling bonds at the nitride surfaces hindering reoxidation. The desorption of F required temperatures &gt;850 °C. Remote H plasma exposure was effective for removing halogens and hydrocarbons from the surfaces of both nitrides at 450 °C, but was not efficient for oxide removal. Annealing GaN in NH3 at 700–800 °C produced atomically clean as well as stoichiometric GaN surfaces.
Analyzing security requirements as relationships among strategic actors (2002)

Abstract. Security issues for software systems ultimately concern relationships among social actors – stakeholders, users, potential attackers, etc.-- and software acting on their behalf. In assessing vulnerabilities and mitigation measures, actors make strategic decisions to achieve desired levels of security while trading off competing requirements such as costs, performance, usability and so on. This paper explores the explicit modeling of relationships among strategic actors in order to elicit, identify and analyze security requirements. In particular, actor dependency analysis helps in the identification of attackers and their potential threats, while actor goal analysis helps to elicit the dynamic decision making process of system players for security issues. Patterns of relationships at various levels of abstraction (e.g. intentional dependencies among abstract roles) can be studied separately. These patterns can be selectively applied and combined for analyzing specific system configurations. The approach is particularly suitable for new Internet applications where layers of software entities and human roles interact to create complex security challenges. Examples from Peer-to-Peer computing are used to illustrate the proposed framework. 1.
Symbolic Models for Nonlinear Control Systems Without Stability Assumptions (2011)

Finite-state models of control systems were proposed by several researchers as a convenient mechanism to synthesize controllers enforcing complex specifications. Most techniques for the construction of such symbolic models have two main drawbacks: either they can only be applied to restrictive classes of systems, or they require the exact computation of reachable sets. In this paper, we propose a new abstraction technique that is applicable to any nonlinear sampled-data control system as long as we are only interested in its behavior in a compact set. Moreover, the exact computation of reachable sets is not required. The effectiveness of the proposed results is illustrated by synthesizing a controller to steer a vehicle.
Effect of ferromagnetic rings on critical current and AC losses of a coil made from Bi-2223/Ag tape (2002)

Laminated ferromagnetic rings positioned at the ends of coils wound with anisotropic Bi-2223/Ag tapes are supposed to reduce the radial component of magnetic field at the coil ends. As a result the critical current of the coil should increase and AC losses should be reduced. To test the effects of ferromagnetic laminated rings on the critical current and AC losses, we used a test coil consisting of three double pancake coils made from multifilamentary Bi-2223/Ag tape, which were connected in series. We measured DC current-voltage curves and AC losses of the coil with ferromagnetic laminated rings attached to the coil ends and compared the coil behavior with that measured without the rings. Hall probes were used to measure magnetic field in the vicinity of the winding and the results are compared with those obtained by calculations. The influence of the distance between the coil and the rings was also studied. The additional losses in the rings are compared to the loss reduction in the superconducting coil winding.
Highly Robust, Secure, and Perceptual-Quality Echo Hiding Scheme (2008)

Audio watermarking using echo hiding has fairly good perceptual quality. However, security and the tradeoff between robustness and imperceptibility are still relevant issues. This paper presents the echo hiding scheme in which the analysis-by-synthesis approach, interlaced kernels, and frequency hopping are adopted to achieve high robustness, security, and perceptual quality. The amplitudes of the embedded echoes are adequately adapted during the embedding process by considering not only the characteristics of the host signals, but also cases in which the watermarked audio signals have suffered various attacks. Additionally, the interlaced kernels are introduced such that the echo positions of the interlaced kernels for embedding "zero" and "one" are interchanged alternately to minimize the influence of host signals and various attacks on the watermarked data. Frequency hopping is employed to increase the robustness and security of the proposed echo hiding scheme in which each audio segment for watermarking is established by combining the fractions selected from all frequency bands based on a pseudonoise sequence as a secret key. Experimental results indicate that the proposed analysis-by-synthesis echo hiding scheme is superior to the conventional schemes in terms of robustness, security, and perceptual quality.
Genome manipulation in embryonic stem cells (1993)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells derived from pluripotent cells of the early mouse embryo provide a powerful tool for genome manipulation in mammals. Dominantly acting effects can be achieved by introducing constructs to misexpress or ectopically express a gene product, express an altered product or express antisense constructs. Use of ES cell chimeras to analyse the effects of such alterations may provide information not readily available from transgenic mice. However, the most important use of ES cells, to date, is in the generation of recessive mutations, either in known genes by targeted mutagenesis or randomly by insertional mutagenesis. Examples of these approaches and possible future strategies are discussed.
THE IMPORTANCE OF LIGHTING FOR ZOOLOGICAL COLLECTIONS IN THE MIDDLE EAST (2008)

The Middle East has such an extreme climate during the summer months that many zoological species are maintained within the closed environment of buildings for part, or even all of their lives. The problem with ‘artificial’ environments is that the animals are totally dependent on the inputs provided by their human carers. Given our incomplete understanding of the biological requirements of the majority of the zoological species kept in captivity it is hardly surprising that things go wrong. When the ‘inputs’ are incorrect, then the animals tell us something is wrong by getting sick, by not breeding or by producing young that fail to thrive.
A randomized, controlled trial comparing insulin lispro with human soluble insulin in patients with Type 1 diabetes on intensified insulin therapy (2000)

Substitution of insulin lispro for soluble insulin in a multiple injection regimen improved post-prandial glucose control at the expense of an increase in fasting and pre-prandial glucose levels. Patients who already injected shortly before meals expressed no clear preference for the fast-acting analogue, and did not improve their overall control as a result of using it. Nocturnal hypoglycaemia was however, less frequent on insulin lispro, and may emerge as a robust indication for its use.