gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Immunization With Homologous LDL and Oxidized LDL on Early Atherosclerosis in Hypercholesterolemic Rabbits (1996)

Although the existence of an immune response against modified lipoproteins in atherosclerosis has been observed in experimental animals as well as in humans, the precise pathophysiological relevance of these findings remains unclear. In this study we determined the effect of an immunization with homologous LDL and copper-oxidized LDL on the formation of atherosclerotic plaque in hypercholesterolemic rabbits. Immunizations were performed at the start of a cholesterol-rich diet and 3 weeks later. After 16 weeks, antibodies against oxidized LDL had developed in rabbits given hypercholesterolemic diet alone, but the titers were increased by twofold in rabbits immunized with oxidized LDL as well as in rabbits immunized with LDL, suggesting that the LDL had also become oxidized during the preparation and/or immunization procedure. Immunization with LDL and oxidized LDL reduced atherosclerotic lesions in the proximal aorta by 74% ( P <.05) and 48% ( P =NS), respectively. The cellular composition of the lesions was not affected by the immunizations. These results support the hypothesis that an immune response against modified LDL has a protective effect against the development of early atherosclerotic lesions.
12 GHz coplanar quasi-monolithic oscillator (2003)

First results on coplanar quasi-monolithic (QM) circuits with GaAs FETs embedded in a silicon substrate are presented. Typical monolithic integration techniques are used for the fabrication of the passive circuitry and interconnects to the active devices. Measurements on a 12 GHz oscillator demonstrate the viability of the proposed technology.
DAVE: Detecting Agitated Vocal Events. (2017)

DAVE is a comprehensive set of event detection techniques to monitor and detect 5 important verbal agitations: asking for help, verbal sexual advances, questions, cursing, and talking with repetitive sentences. The novelty of DAVE includes combining acoustic signal processing with three different text mining paradigms to detect verbal events (asking for help, verbal sexual advances, and questions) which need both lexical content and acoustic variations to produce accurate results. To detect cursing and talking with repetitive sentences we extend word sense disambiguation and sequential pattern mining algorithms. The solutions have applicability to monitoring dementia patients, for online video sharing applications, human computer interaction (HCI) systems, home safety, and other health care applications. A comprehensive performance evaluation across multiple domains includes audio clips collected from 34 real dementia patients, audio data from controlled environments, movies and Youtube clips, online data repositories, and healthy residents in real homes. The results show significant improvement over baselines and high accuracy for all 5 vocal events.
Preterm labor: emerging role of genital tract infections. (1995)

Preterm birth complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies in the United States and is the leading cause of infant morbidity and mortality. Neonatal morbidity and mortality is concentrated among very low-birthweight and extremely premature infants, particularly those delivered prior to 30 weeks' gestational age. In addition to the contribution of preterm birth to neonatal morbidity and mortality, the economic costs associated with this pregnancy complication are staggering. Efforts to reduce the preterm birth rate have been largely focused on prevention and early intervention with treatment for preterm labor. Mixed results regarding the success of prematurity prevention programs have been reported, and controversy continues to surround the efficacy of tocolytic therapy in the treatment of preterm labor. Although neonatal survival for infants born at early gestational ages has steadily improved in recent years, survival of infants delivered prior to 24 weeks' gestation remains very poor. Additionally, despite this decline in neonatal mortality, the United States still lags behind most industrialized nations in infant mortality, and no change in the rate of low birthweight has occurred in recent decades. Multiple lines of evidence support a role for infection as an etiologic factor in preterm labor. Although this association has been well known for many years, a wealth of new data is emerging, linking subclinical genital tract infection with spontaneous preterm birth, particularly among pregnancies that result in birth prior to 30 weeks' gestational age as a result of spontaneous preterm labor or preterm, premature rupture of membranes. Conversely, preterm birth that occurs closer to term is less likely to be associated with genital tract infection. Improved understanding of the link between genital tract infection and preterm birth now provides an exciting potential for the development of sensitive new markers to identify women at risk and effective interventions to prevent preterm birth. A review and comment on this growing literature is provided.
Using virtual objects to aid underground storage tank teleoperation (2002)

Describes an algorithm by which obstructions and surface features in an underground storage tank can be modeled and used to generate virtual barrier functions for a real-time telerobotic system, which provides an aid to the operator for both real-time obstacle avoidance and for surface tracking. The algorithm requires that the slave's tool and every object in the waste storage tank be decomposed into convex polyhedral primitives, with the waste surface modeled by triangular prisms. Intrusion distance and extraction vectors are then derived at every time step by applying Gilbert's polyhedra distance algorithm, which has been adapted for the task. This information is then used to determine the compression and location of nonlinear virtual spring-dampers whose total force is summed and applied to the manipulator/teleoperator system. Experimental results using a PUMA 560 and a simulated waste surface validate the approach, showing that it is possible to compute the algorithm and generate smooth, realistic psuedo forces for the teleoperator system using standard VME bus hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of Counterion and Tertiary Amine on the Efficiency of <i>N</i>‐Triazinylammonium Sulfonates in Solution and Solid‐Phase Peptide Synthesis (2014)

Abstract A collection of N ‐triazinylammonium sulfonates, designed according to the concept of “superactive esters”, was obtained by treatment of ammonium sulfonates with 2‐chloro‐4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazine. The structure of the tertiary amine as well as sulfonate anion influenced their reactivity and stability in N , N ‐dimethylformamide (DMF) solution. The reagents were successfully used in solution‐ and solid‐phase synthesis of Z‐, Boc‐, and Fmoc‐protected peptides containing natural and unnatural sterically hindered amino acids as well as in [2+1] fragment condensation approaches, yielding the final products in 80–100 % yield and high optical purity. In manual SPPS of the [Aib] 2 [Aib] 4 ‐enkephalin analogue and the ACP(65–74) peptide fragment VQAAIDYINEG, several sulfonates yielded peptides significantly faster than TBTU or HATU. Comparative analyses demonstrated that 4‐(4,6‐dimethoxy‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)‐4‐methylmorpholinium 4‐toluenesulfonate was the most versatile reagent in a wide range of coupling procedures.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-<i>N</i>-(2-fluorophenyl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-benzothiophene-3-carboxamide (2015)

In the title compound, C15H15FN2OS, the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzo-thio-phene ring system and the fluoro-benzene ring is 3.74 (14)°. The six-membered ring of the benzo-thio-phene moiety adopts a half-chair conformation. The mol-ecular conformation is consolidated by intra-molecular N-H⋯F and N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, mol-ecules are linked by N-H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating C(6) [001] chains.
Ten-Year Evaluation of Geometric Total Knee Arthroplasty (1988)

One hundred ninety-three geometric total knee arthroplasties (TKA) were performed between 1972 and 1975 in 129 patients (66 women, 63 men; mean age, 69 years) with osteoarthritis. Of these, 102 knees were followed for a mean of 11 years. Eighty-three percent of the patients had mild or no pain. The revision rate was 20%, and the surgical complication rate was 12%. By actuarial analysis, the probability of retaining a geometric prosthesis at 10 years was 78%. With revision or moderate to severe pain as the end point, the predicted implant survival was 69% at 10 years. Lucent lines greater than 1 mm were present in 38% of the knees and progressed in 34%; they were more frequent in knees with greater than or equal to 3 degrees of varus axial alignment (p less than 0.05) or greater than or equal to 4 degrees of varus placement of the tibial component (p less than 0.05). The geometric prosthesis has provided a functional result in 69% of knees at 10 years, despite being the first two-part component knee replacement retaining the cruciate ligaments and using early surgical instrumentation and implant design.
Effect of <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> CNCM I‐1572 on symptoms, gut microbiota, short chain fatty acids, and immune activation in patients with irritable bowel syndrome: A pilot randomized clinical trial (2017)

This pilot study shows that <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> CNCM I-1572 is able to modulate gut microbiota structure/function and reduce immune activation in IBS. As no statistically significant effect on IBS-symptoms was found, further studies are necessary to determine the role of this probiotic in IBS. The study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov registry under identifier NCT02371499.
The effect of high pressure on the topology of organic systems (2005)

High-pressure has been shown to be a powerful tool for the study of polymorphism in molecular systems, and the effect of pressure on soft organic systems is an area of great current scientific interest (Boldyreva [1], Oswald et al. [2]). Most of the research performed at the high-pressure beamline at the ESRF (ID30/ID27), however, has been confined to characterization of hard materials. Recent studies by Fourme et al. [3] have successfully used ID30 to probe the effects of pressure on biological systems. The study of small molecules at high pressure acts as an ideal bridge between these two very different areas of research.
Murine Models for Antiretroviral Therapy (1989)

Rauscher murine leukemia virus (RLV) infection of adult mice results in splenomegaly that is proportional to the virus titer. We have used this model to study the therapy of chronic viremia as well as chemoprophylaxis after viral exposure, both with single agents and with combination therapy. We showed that prompt initiation of effective antiviral therapy after viral exposure can prevent de novo infection. We have also developed a murine neurotropic retrovirus model which allows analysis of candidate antiviral agents for activity across the blood-brain barrier. This model can also be used to study therapeutic approaches to retroviral infections acquired at midgestation or during the neonatal period.
Improved measurement linearity and precision for AMCW time-of-flight range imaging cameras (2010)

Time-of-flight range imaging systems utilizing the amplitude modulated continuous wave (AMCW) technique often suffer from measurement nonlinearity due to the presence of aliased harmonics within the amplitude modulation signals. Typically a calibration is performed to correct these errors. We demonstrate an alternative phase encoding approach that attenuates the harmonics during the sampling process, thereby improving measurement linearity in the raw measurements. This mitigates the need to measure the system's response or calibrate for environmental changes. In conjunction with improved linearity, we demonstrate that measurement precision can also be increased by reducing the duty cycle of the amplitude modulated illumination source (while maintaining overall illumination power).
Multi-level Anomaly Detection in Industrial Control Systems via Package Signatures and LSTM Networks (2017)

We outline an anomaly detection method for industrial control systems (ICS) that combines the analysis of network package contents that are transacted between ICS nodes and their time-series structure. Specifically, we take advantage of the predictable and regular nature of communication patterns that exist between so-called field devices in ICS networks. By observing a system for a period of time without the presence of anomalies we develop a base-line signature database for general packages. A Bloom filter is used to store the signature database which is then used for package content level anomaly detection. Furthermore, we approach time-series anomaly detection by proposing a stacked Long Short Term Memory (LSTM) network-based softmax classifier which learns to predict the most likely package signatures that are likely to occur given previously seen package traffic. Finally, by the inspection of a real dataset created from a gas pipeline SCADA system, we show that an anomaly detection scheme combining both approaches can achieve higher performance compared to various current state-of-the-art techniques.
Search for solar axions with mass around 1 eV using coherent conversion of axions into photons (2008)

A search for solar axions has been performed using an axion helioscope which is equipped with a 2.3-m long 4 T superconducting magnet, a gas container to hold dispersion-matching gas, PIN-photodiode X-ray detectors, and a telescope mount mechanism to track the sun. A mass region around ma=1 eV was newly explored. From the absence of any evidence, analysis sets a limit on axion–photon coupling constant to be gaγγ<5.6–13.4×10−10 GeV−1 for the axion mass of 0.84<ma<1.00 eV at 95% confidence level. It is the first result to search for the axion in the gaγγ–ma parameter region of the preferred axion models with a magnetic helioscope.
Furthering the Theoretical Discussion of the Journey of Transformation: Foundations and Dimensions of Transformational Learning in Educational Technology (2004)

This article builds on the research‐based model of the “journey of transformation” to further analyze its theoretical foundation and details. This model provides a framework for understanding how educators, as adult learners themselves, may experience perspective transformations in their perspective and practice of teaching and learning. Using the model as a focus for professional development creates opportunities for emancipatory learning, bridges the literature and research of adult learning and professional development in educational technology, and offers an integrated model of transformational learning theory with unique dynamics. Implications include those for understanding educators, transformational theory, application to the professional development of educators, and future research.
The Endogenous Redox Agent L-Cysteine Induces T-Type Ca<sup>2</sup>+ Channel-Dependent Sensitization of a Novel Subpopulation of Rat Peripheral Nociceptors (2005)

Recent studies have demonstrated a previously unrecognized contribution of T-type Ca2+ channels in peripheral sensory neurons to pain sensation (nociception). However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the functions of these channels in nociception are not known. Here, in both acutely dissociated and intact rat dorsal root ganglion neurons, we characterize a novel subpopulation of capsaicin- and isolectin B4-positive nociceptors that also expresses a high density of T-type Ca2+ currents. Using these "T-rich" cells as a model, we demonstrate that the endogenous reducing agent L-cysteine lowers the threshold for nociceptor excitability and induces burst firing by increasing the amplitude of T-type currents and shifting the gating parameters of T-type channels. These findings, which provide the first direct evidence of T-type Ca2+ channel involvement in the control of nociceptor excitability, suggest that endogenous T-type channel agonists may sensitize a unique subpopulation of peripheral nociceptors, consequently influencing pain processing under normal or pathological conditions.
Geometry calibration phantom design for 3D imaging (2006)

Most approaches to 3D x-ray imaging geometry calibration use some well-defined calibration phantom containing point markers. The calibration aims at minimizing the so-called re-projection error, i.e., the error between the detected marker locations in the acquired projection image and the projected marker locations based on the phantom model and the current estimate of the imaging geometry. The phantoms that are being employed consist usually of spherical markers arranged in some spatial pattern. One widely used phantom type consists of spherical markers in a helical arrangement. We present a framework that establishes a good intuitive understanding of the calibration problem, and allows to evaluate the performance of different phantom designs. It is based on a linear approximation of the error propagation between parameters of the imaging geometry, a projection alignment error (which is <i>not</i> identical to the re-projection error), and the "backprojection misalignment", which ultimately dictates 3D image quality. This methodology enables us to characterize the statistics of the parameters describing the imaging geometry, based on simple assumptions on "measurement noise", i.e., phantom and pre-processing accuracy. We also characterize the 3D misalignment in the backprojection (which is used in the 3D reconstruction), which directly impacts 3D image quality. In a comparison of different phantom designs -using backprojection misalignment as a metric- a "candy cane" phantom was found to give superior performance. The presented approach gives many useful intuitive insights into the calibration problem and its key properties. It can also be leveraged, e.g., for an easy implementation of a fast and robust calibration algorithm.
Assessing the Vulnerability of the Fiber Infrastructure to Disasters (2011)

Communication networks are vulnerable to natural disasters, such as earthquakes or floods, as well as to physical attacks, such as an electromagnetic pulse (EMP) attack. Such real-world events happen in specific geographical locations and disrupt specific parts of the network. Therefore, the geographical layout of the network determines the impact of such events on the network's connectivity. In this paper, we focus on assessing the vulnerability of (geographical) networks to such disasters. In particular, we aim to identify the most vulnerable parts of the network. That is, the locations of disasters that would have the maximum disruptive effect on the network in terms of capacity and connectivity. We consider graph models in which nodes and links are geographically located on a plane. First, we consider a simplistic bipartite graph model and present a polynomial-time algorithm for finding a worst-case vertical line segment cut. We then generalize the network model to graphs with nodes at arbitrary locations. We model the disaster event as a line segment or a disk and develop polynomial-time algorithms that find a worst-case line segment cut and a worst-case circular cut. Finally, we obtain numerical results for a specific backbone network, thereby demonstrating the applicability of our algorithms to real-world networks. Our novel approach provides a promising new direction for network design to avert geographical disasters or attacks.
A high rate of durable responses with romidepsin, bortezomib, and dexamethasone in relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma (2011)

We report results from a study exploring the combination of romidepsin, bortezomib, and dexamethasone for the treatment of patients with multiple myeloma (MM) previously treated with > 1 prior therapy. The primary objective was to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of the combination using a novel accelerated dose-escalation schedule in patients with relapsed or refractory MM. The secondary objective was to determine overall response (OR), time to progression (TTP), and overall survival (OS). The MTD identified was bortezomib 1.3 mg/m(2) (days 1, 4, 8, and 11), dexamethasone 20 mg (days 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 9, 11, and 12), and romidepsin 10 mg/m(2) (days 1, 8, and 15) every 28 days. Thrombocytopenia (64%) was the most common ≥ grade 3 hematologic toxicity. Peripheral neuropathy occurred in 76% of patients (n = 19) (≥ grade 3, 8%; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1%-26%). Maintenance romidepsin 10 mg/m(2) (on days 1 and 8 of a 28-day cycle) proved feasible, with 12 patients receiving a median of 7.5 cycles (range: 1-29). An OR (M-protein) of > minor response (MR) was seen in 18 of 25 patients (72%); 2 (8%) had complete remissions (CRs) and 13 (52%) had partial responses (PRs), including 7 (28%) with very good PRs (VGPRs). The median TTP was 7.2 (95% CI: 5.5-19.6) months, and the median OS was > 36 months. This regimen shows activity with manageable toxicity and warrants further evaluation. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00431990.
Effect of Very Thin Si Interlayers on Threading Dislocation Behavior in GaAs on Si (1992)

A multi‐chamber molecular‐beam epitaxy system has been used to deposit thin Si interlayers with various thicknesses ranging from 0.5 to 5 nm in films grown on (001) Si substrates tilted 2° toward the [110] direction to control the motion of threading dislocations generated from the interface. First, it is demonstrated by cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy (XTEM) observations that the maximum Si thickness is ∼1 nm for no defect generation in Si‐inserted films homoepitaxially grown on (001) substrates. In films having Si layers thicker than ∼1.5 nm thickness, the generation of antiphase domains and threading dislocations occurs. The XTEM observations clearly show that some 60°‐type threading dislocations in films change their running directions at every depth where ∼1 nm thick Si interlayers are inserted into films grown on the Si substrates.
Blutabnahme: anhaltende Schmerzen nach Venenpunktion (2013)

Venenpunktionen zur Gewinnung einer Blutprobe sind wohl eine der häufigsten medizinischen Maßnahmen überhaupt. Normalerweise kommt es danach allenfalls zu leichten, kurzdauernden Schmerzen. Gelegentlich allerdings können diese Schmerzen anhalten und dem Betroffenen erhebliche Probleme bereiten. Eine japanische Arbeitsgruppe hat nun speziell neuropathische Schmerzen nach Blutabnahme untersucht.
Asymmetric Hydrovinylation and Hydrogenation with Metal Complexes of <i>C</i><sub>3</sub>‐Symmetric Tris‐Binaphthyl Monophosphites (2014)

Abstract Neutral allyl–palladium complexes stabilised by bulky tris‐binaphthyl monophosphite ligands have been prepared and fully characterised in solution by NMR spectroscopy, which evidenced a dynamic equilibrium between two diastereomeric species. The new allyl–palladium phosphite complexes have been evaluated as catalytic precursors in the asymmetric hydrovinylation of styrene; they show moderate activity and good to excellent chemo‐ and enantioselectivity depending on the substituent at the ligand 2′‐binaphthyl position. Remarkably, the palladium complex bearing the ligand with an adamantyl ester substituent led to 92 % ee toward ( R )‐3‐phenyl‐1‐butene, which suggests that the ester functionality might provide a secondary hemilabile interaction with the metal, thus favouring the enantioselectivity control. Rhodium(I) complexes formed in situ with the same ligands were further applied in the hydrogenation of dimethyl itaconate, but gave limited activity. The best enantioselectivity (62 %) was achieved with the same ligand that contained the adamantyl ester substituent.