gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Simulation of 50 nm Vertical Double-Gate MOSFET (VDGM) (2006)

The paper demonstrate the design and simulation study of 2D Vertical Double-Gate MOSFET (VDGM) with an excellent short channel effect (SCE) characteristics. With the gate length of 50nm, body doping of 3.5 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">18</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> and oxide thickness, T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OX</sub> = 2.5nm, a good drive current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ON</sub> of 7 μA/μm and a low off-state leakage current I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">OFF</sub> of 2 pA/μm was explicitly shown. Besides that, the subthreshold characteristics also highlighted a reasonably well-controlled SCE with subthreshold swing SubV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 89 mV/decade and threshold voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> = 0.56V. The analysis of body doping effects for SCE optimization and drive current trade-off was also done for an overall investigation and limit of the VDGM.
"Boom" and "Bust" cycles in virus growth suggest multiple selective forces in influenza a evolution (2011)

Each antibody-selected passage consisted of a variety of different cocirculating populations, rather than pure populations of virus able to escape antibody by changes in antibody epitopes. The ability to escape antibody is apparently due to changes in genes encoding the viral polymerase complex, probably resulting in more robust viral replication, allowing the few virus particles not completely neutralized by antibody to rapidly produce large numbers of progeny. Our data suggest that the relative success of an individual variant may depend on both its own gain and loss of fitness, as well as that of its cocirculating variants.
CLASSIFICATION OF LARGE MICROARRAY DATASETS USING FAST RANDOM FOREST CONSTRUCTION (2011)

Random forest is an ensemble classification algorithm. It performs well when most predictive variables are noisy and can be used when the number of variables is much larger than the number of observations. The use of bootstrap samples and restricted subsets of attributes makes it more powerful than simple ensembles of trees. The main advantage of a random forest classifier is its explanatory power: it measures variable importance or impact of each factor on a predicted class label. These characteristics make the algorithm ideal for microarray data. It was shown to build models with high accuracy when tested on high-dimensional microarray datasets. Current implementations of random forest in the machine learning and statistics community, however, limit its usability for mining over large datasets, as they require that the entire dataset remains permanently in memory. We propose a new framework, an optimized implementation of a random forest classifier, which addresses specific properties of microarray data, takes computational complexity of a decision tree algorithm into consideration, and shows excellent computing performance while preserving predictive accuracy. The implementation is based on reducing overlapping computations and eliminating dependency on the size of main memory. The implementation's excellent computational performance makes the algorithm useful for interactive data analyses and data mining.
Tracing Anthropogenic Wastes: Detection of Fluorescent Optical Brighteners in a Gradient of Natural Organic Matter Fluorescence (2009)

A dual wavelength method was developed for the field detection of optical brighteners\n(OBs), fluorescent laundry additives used as indicators of anthropogenic wastes. The\nmethod was quantitative for OBs under variable levels of fluorescent colored dissolved\norganic matter (CDOM). Based on excitation at 300-400 nm and 440 and 550 nm\nemission, the method assumed a constant ratio of fluorescence due to CDOM alone, even\nif absolute amplitude varied. Concentrations of OBs were computed as the difference\nbetween the observed 440 nm emission and the expected CDOM fluorescence at 440 nm,\nas extrapolated from the 550 nm fluorescence and established CDOM fluorescence ratio.\nReal-time inner filter corrections were based on absorption modeled from 550 nm\nfluorescence and from exponential relationships at alternate wavelengths. The effects of\ntemperature and dissolved oxygen on CDOM fluorescence and computed OB were\nquantified but were minimal because effects were comparable between the two\nfluorescence regions. Assumptions on the locally conservative behavior of CDOM were\nsupported in field surveys of sewered and non-sewered areas. Varying water masses were\ndetected, but OB quantities were detected that did not co-vary with fluorescence alone.\nEleven geographic regions of peninsular Florida and sources of OBs were sampled to\nevaluate the method under a broader range of CDOM and to conduct an extensive\ndetergent spike analysis. Fluorescence data were collected as EEMs and subjected to\nPARAFAC modeling, isolating eight spectral factors that could sufficiently describe all\nsamples. There were no visible regions of the spectra that were unique to detergents or\nOBs, but a previously unreported peak in the UV (<230 / 284 ex / em) was tentatively\nidentified as a detergent surfactant and should be pursued as a potential complementary\nindicator of anthropogenic wastes. Limits on EEM fluorescence measurements were\nidentified: maximum linear range, maximum turbidity, and sensitivity to assumptions. A\nsub-sampling technique of EEM data approximated the filter fluorometer readings, was\nused to optimize the dual wavelength method, validated the method with spike\nrecoveries, and presented alternative approaches.
An adaptive software library for fast Fourier transforms (2000)

In this paper we present an adaptive and portable software library for the fast Fourier transform (FFT). The library consists of a number of composable blocks of code called codelets, each computing a part of the transform. The actual FFT algorithm used by the code is determined at run-time by selecting the fastest strategy among all possible strategies, given available codelets, for a given transform size. We also present an efficient automatic method of generating the library modules by using a special-purpose compiler. The code generator is written in C and it generates a library of C codelets. The code generator is shown to be flexible and extensible and the entire library can be generated in a matter of seconds. We have evaluated the library for performance on the IBM-SP2, SG1-2000, HP-Exemplar and Intel Pentium systems. We use the results from these evaluations to build performance models for the FFT library on different platforms. The library is shown to be portable, adaptive and efficient.
Implementation of Supersingular Isogeny-Based Diffie-Hellman and Key Encapsulation Using an Efficient Scheduling (2020)

Isogeny-based cryptography is one of the promising post-quantum candidates mainly because of its smaller public key length. Due to its high computational cost, efficient implementations are significantly important. In this paper, we have proposed a high-speed FPGA implementation of the supersingular isogeny Diffie-Hellman (SIDH) and key encapsulation (SIKE). To this end, we have adapted the algorithm of finding optimal large-degree isogeny computation strategy for hardware implementations. Using this algorithm, hardware-suited strategies (HSSs) can be devised. We have also developed a tool to schedule field arithmetic operations efficiently using constraint programming. This tool enables reducing the latency of SIDH and SIKE subroutines by up to 14% at NIST's highest security level, i.e., using the SIKEp751 parameter set. We have also improved the latency of field inversion, the most costly field operation in SIDH, by 23% using the Montgomery ladder technique. We have provided constant-time implementations of SIDH and SIKE on Virtex-7 using SIKEp751 utilizing 6 and 8 prime field multipliers to resemble the previous work. Experimental results show that using 8 multipliers SIDH and SIKE encapsulation and decapsulation can be performed in 24.66 ms and 24.10 ms, which is 1.37 and 1.12 times faster than the latest corresponding FPGA implementations, respectively.
Evaluation and Treatment of Low Responders (1996)

Identification and treatment of low responders to ovulation induction is one of the most frustrating challenges in reproductive medicine. Because complex ovulation induction is required so frequently and is so expensive, efficient diagnosis of hyporesponders is critical. At present, the best techniques of evaluating ovarian reserve are basal follicle-stimulating hormone/Estradiol levels early in the proliferative phase and the clomiphene citrate challenge test. When poor responders are identified, strong consideration should be given to adjunctive approaches such as gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog and microdose flare or possibly, embryo hatching in those women undergoing in vitro fertilization.
Fatal salmonellosis originating in a clinical microbiology laboratory (1981)

Laboratory-acquired infections concern all microbiologists. During ongoing surveillance of laboratory-acquired enteric infections, salmonella infections in the wife and son of a laboratory worker were documented; the first case was fatal. Neither patient had had any contact with the laboratory. The infecting organisms were Salmonella typhi and a multiply resistant strain of Salmonella agona that were being worked within the laboratory; both strains had been received 1 to 2 years previously for proficiency testing exercises. This report documents the transmission of enteric pathogens beyond the confines of the laboratory, with its tragic outcome, and suggests measures to prevent the recurrence of this problem.
Anhydrous Sodium Hydroxide (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnhydrous Sodium HydroxideDonald F. Othmer and Joseph J. Jacobs Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1940, 32, 2, 154–160Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50362a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50362a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views360Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An efficient synthesis of phthalideisoquinoline alkaloids (1985)

N. S. Narasimhan, R. R. Joshi and R. S. Kusurkar, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1985, 177 DOI: 10.1039/C39850000177
TANDEM TYPE SOLAR CELLS USING a-Si : H AND a-SiGe : H FILMS (1981)

Tandem type solar cells with a-Si : H and a-SiGe : H and inverted p-i-n type solar cells of a-Si : H are studied for increasing efficiency and improvement in photoconductivity of a-SiGe : H is also studied.
Supplementation with vitamin E but not beta-carotene in vivo protects low density lipoprotein from lipid peroxidation in vitro. Effect of cigarette smoking. (1992)

Several lines of evidence suggest that oxidatively modified low density lipoprotein (LDL) is atherogenic and that antioxidants may protect LDL against oxidation. In addition, cigarette smoking is known to induce oxidant stress. We have examined the effect of ingestion of the antioxidants D,L-alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) and beta-carotene and of smoking on the resistance of LDL against copper-mediated oxidation. Six healthy nonsmoking volunteers ingested 1,000 IU/day D,L-alpha-tocopherol acetate for 7 days. After vitamin E ingestion concentrations of alpha-tocopherol in plasma and LDL increased 3.0- and 2.4-fold, respectively. Simultaneously, the oxidation resistance of LDL was elevated significantly (+41%), and the rate of oxidation was decreased significantly (-19%). The increase in alpha-tocopherol content of LDL and the increase in resistance time were highly correlated (rs = 0.89, p = 0.014). Eight weeks after termination of the vitamin E intake, alpha-tocopherol concentrations in plasma and LDL and oxidation resistance of LDL had returned to baseline values. In smokers (n = 46), plasma levels of vitamin C (-26%) and concentrations of beta-carotene (-44%, -43%) and total carotenoids (-23%, -29%) in plasma and LDL, respectively, were significantly lower compared with nonsmokers (n = 23). No differences were found in alpha-tocopherol content of LDL and the susceptibility of LDL to lipid peroxidation in both groups. Supplementation of a group of smokers in a 14-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intervention trial with beta-carotene resulted in a 16.6- and 5.0-fold increase of LDL beta-carotene and total carotenoid content, respectively.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Immortal Wife (1945)

Journal Article Immortal Wife. By Irving Stone. (New York: Doubleday, Doran and Company, 1944. 456 pp. Notes on Sources. $3.00.) Get access Philip D. Jordan Philip D. Jordan Editor Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 31, Issue 4, March 1945, Page 591, https://doi.org/10.2307/1895337 Published: 01 March 1945
The QUICK framework for task-specific asset prioritization in distributed virtual environments (2002)

In virtual environment systems, the ultimate goal is delivery of the highest-fidelity user experience possible. The paper describes a general form framework for optimizing fidelity on a per-task basis. The virtual world database is priority ordered; the ordering is dynamically recomputed based on display platform, virtual world state, and (possibly shifting) task objectives. Optimization is performed with the QUICK model, which integrates ratings of representational quality, scene node importance, and machine resource cost. The approach has been implemented in a prototype display and distributed cache management system, which can be incorporated into most existing networked virtual reality applications.
Hierarchical routing using link vectors (2002)

An area-based link-vector algorithm (ALVA) is introduced for the distributed maintenance of routing information in very large internetworks. According to ALVA, destinations in an internetwork are aggregated in areas in multiple levels of hierarchy. Routers maintain a database that contains a subset of the topology at each level of the hierarchy. This subset corresponds to those links used in preferred paths to reach destinations (nodes inside the same immediate area or remote areas). The ALVA is the first hierarchical routing algorithm based on link-state information that does not require complete topology information at each level in the hierarchy. The correctness of the ALVA is verified. Simulation results are presented showing that the ALVA outperforms the OSPF in terms of communication and storage overhead.
Development and Validation of an LC/MS/MS Procedure for the Quantification of Endogenous<i>myo</i>-Inositol Concentrations in Rat Brain Tissue Homogenates (2004)

myo-Inositol is being investigated as a biomarker to monitor disease states involving the central nervous system. We have developed and validated a quantitative method to study endogenous myo-inositol metabolism in rat brain tissue. Tissue samples were homogenized, and their myo-inositol content was determined using spiked calibration curves and mass spectrometry. The assay was validated on an LC/MS/MS platform, and specificity was evaluated using accurate mass measurements. A novel chiral LC/MS/MS method was also developed to resolve myo-inositol from other endogenous inositol epimers and confirm the selectivity of the quantitative procedure. The validated method is selective, convenient, precise (<15% RSD), accurate (<15% RE), and sensitive over a linear range of 0.100-100 microg/mL. This method could potentially be used as an instrument for monitoring pathological conditions related to psychotherapeutics, as well as a tool for screening curative pharmaceuticals for efficacy.
HIV-1 Core Proteins Expressed from Recombinant Vaccinia Viruses (1989)

The sequences encoding the core proteins p55, p25, and p18 of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1) have been inserted into the vaccinia virus genome. Infection of cultured cells with the live recombinant viruses led to the expression of proteins that were recognized by sera from HIV-seropositive individuals. Immunization of mice with the recombinant virus expressing the HIV p25 protein and the p55 precursor yielded high levels of antibodies directed against the corresponding HIV antigens. The data obtained are discussed in terms of the possible use of these live recombinant viruses in the development of a strategy toward an AIDS vaccine.
Primary Structure and Expression of Matrilin-2, the Closest Relative of Cartilage Matrix Protein within the von Willebrand Factor Type A-like Module Superfamily (1997)

A mouse cDNA encoding a novel member of the von Willebrand factor type A-like module superfamily was cloned. The protein precursor of 956 amino acids consists of a putative signal peptide, two von Willebrand factor type A-like domains connected by 10 epidermal growth factor-like modules, a potential oligomerization domain, and a unique segment, and it contains potential N-glycosylation sites. A sequence similarity search indicated the closest relation to the trimeric cartilage matrix protein (CMP). Since they constitute a novel protein family, we introduce the term matrilin-2 for the new protein, reserving matrilin-1 as an alternative name for CMP. A 3. 9-kilobase matrilin-2 mRNA was detected in a variety of mouse organs, including calvaria, uterus, heart, and brain, as well as fibroblast and osteoblast cell lines. Expressed human and rat cDNA sequence tags indicate a high degree of interspecies conservation. A group of 120-150-kDa bands was, after reduction, recognized specifically with an antiserum against the matrilin-2-glutathione S-transferase fusion protein in media of the matrilin-2-expressing cell lines. Assuming glycosylation, this agrees well with the predicted minimum Mr of the mature protein (104,300). Immunolocalization of matrilin-2 in developing skeletal elements showed reactivity in the perichondrium and the osteoblast layer of trabecular bone. CMP binds both collagen fibrils and aggrecan, and because of the similar structure and complementary expression pattern, matrilin-2 is likely to perform similar functions in the extracellular matrix assembly of other tissues.
Observation of Clinical Course with Light-cured Fluoride Releasing Composite Resin UniFil^[○!R] F (2003)

A light-cured composite resin is widely used as a restorative material. Recently, it is expected that light-cured fluoride releasing composite resin facilitates the mineralization of caries. In this study, we selected a light-cured fluoride releasing composite resin "UniFil^[○!R] F" combined with "UniFil^[○!R] Bond" for the restoration of primary teeth, continuously observed for 3 years and 6 months after restoration. In one of the patients with primary anterior tooth restoration, the restorative material fell out after 3.5 years and six revealed gaps and steps that increased with time. In contrast, only four of the patients with deciduous molar restoration presented steps palpable with a probe and expanding with time while one patient revealed marginal fracture. Marginal staining was discovered in four of the restored primary anterior teeth and three of the primary posterior teeth. The primary anterior teeth restorations showed no evidence of morphological change as compared with the time of restoration. In contrast, the restored primary posterior teeth revealed partial morphological changes recognizable with the naked eye after restoration in four patients. No abnormalities were observed in the color stability and discoloration, pulpal reaction and secondary caries. SEM observation revealed that while the superficial condition of the restorations of the primary anterior teeth was relatively smooth there was evidence of defective parts in the margins with the enamel. In some patients it was found that the restorations of primary posterior teeth developed a rough surface with time and micro-fractures in the margin. The findings presented above indicate that while the clinical diagnoses and SEM observations generally showed favorable results over time there was evidence that with the passage of time the joint between the enamel and restorative material will develop certain defective locations that increase as time takes its course.
Interdigitated Array Microelectrode-Based Electrochemical Impedance Immunosensor for Detection of <i>Escherichia</i> <i>c</i> <i>oli</i> O157:H7 (2004)

A label-free electrochemical impedance immunosensor for rapid detection of Escherichia coli O157:H7 was developed by immobilizing anti-E. coli antibodies onto an indium-tin oxide interdigitated array (IDA) microelectrode. Based on the general electronic equivalent model of an electrochemical cell and the behavior of the IDA microelectrode, an equivalent circuit, consisting of an ohmic resistor of the electrolyte between two electrodes and a double layer capacitor, an electron-transfer resistor, and a Warburg impedance around each electrode, was introduced for interpretation of the impedance components of the IDA microelectrode system. The results showed that the immobilization of antibodies and the binding of E. coli cells to the IDA microelectrode surface increased the electron-transfer resistance, which was directly measured with electrochemical impedance spectroscopy in the presence of [Fe(CN)(6)](3-/4-) as a redox probe. The electron-transfer resistance was correlated with the concentration of E. coli cells in a range from 4.36 x 10(5) to 4.36 x 10(8) cfu/mL with the detection limit of 10(6) cfu/mL.
Naval Ship-to-Shore High Temperature Superconducting Power Transmission Cable Feasibility (2011)

The process to establish shore power connectivity for a naval ship requires the use of numerous copper cables extending from power substations on the pier to receptacles on board the ship. The copper cables are very heavy, cumbersome, and hard to handle. The weight of the cables requires a coordinated effort between a crew on the pier, and a crew on the ship. In many instances , handling these cables requires the use of a crane or a boom truck to extend them from the pier-side power substations up to the ship's connection point. A feasibility study has been conducted to investigate the use of high temperature superconducting (HTS) cables to transmit power from land based power substations to naval ships. Since a single HTS cable can replace an array of copper cables, the time required to connect a ship to shore power would be decreased therefore reducing the amount of time the ship must run its generators. The reduction in weight will also enhance safety for the personnel handling the cables.