gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design optimization of functionally graded dental implant. (2004)

The continuous increase of man's life span, and the growing confidence in using artificial materials inside the human body necessities introducing more effective prosthesis and implant materials. However, no artificial implant has biomechanical properties equivalent to the original tissue. Recently, titanium and bioceramic materials, such as hydroxyapatite are extensively used as fabrication materials for dental implant due to their high compatibility with hard tissue and living bone. Titanium has reasonable stiffness and strength while hydroxyapatite has low stiffness, low strength and high ability to reach full integration with living bone. In order to obtain good dental implantation of the biomaterial; full integration of the implant with living bone should be satisfied. Minimum stresses in the implant and the bone must be achieved to increase the life of the implant and prevent bone resorption. Therefore, the aim of the current investigation is to design an implant made from functionally graded material (FGM) to achieve the above advantages. The finite element method and optimization technique are used to reach the required implant design. The optimal materials of the FGM dental implant are found to be hydroxyapatite/titanium. The investigations have shown that the maximum stress in the bone for the hydroxyapatite/titanium FGM implant has been reduced by about 22% and 28% compared to currently used titanium and stainless steel dental implants, respectively.
Home accidents to children under 2 years of age (1990)

Within a population-based register of childhood injuries, 641 home accidents to children aged under 2 years were recorded in six hospitals. The annual rate was higher in children over 1 year (6.6 per 100) than in infants (2.7 per 100). A male predominance was observed only after the first birthday. Most injuries were related to physical trauma (mainly falls), but burns and poisonings were frequent in the second year. Most lesions were benign, except in the case of falls from a height (from a window or baby furniture). Nineteen per cent of the children were admitted to hospital. There were 15 skull fractures, two fatal cases and two severe sequelae. Child abuse was seldom suspected and the reasons for this are discussed. The study of the circumstances in which accidents occur leads to the conclusion that the main aspect of prevention should be passive protection ensured by the creation of a safe environment (compulsory safety standards for baby furniture, child resistant packaging), but that parents' information and education should also be developed, with emphasis on knowledge of children's normal psychological and motor development and abilities.
Effective Electronic Mechanisms for Optimizing the Thermoelectric Properties of GeTe‐Rich Alloys (2015)

Most of the recent methods for thermoelectric (TE) enhancement are focused on reduction of the lattice thermal conductivity values, with an only limited success on efficiency enhancement due to an improved electronic doping action. This is attributed partly to the correlation between the involved electronic properties, contradicting each other in terms of the TE efficiency, and partly to the difficulty of effectively doping such alloys in the optimal 10 19 cm −3 carrier concentration range. Even a positive application of an optimal electronic doping level usually results in a narrow maximal figure of merit ( ZT ) values range, which is followed by an onset of an intrinsic conduction, degrading these values at higher temperatures. Here, a novel BiTe‐ and Cu‐co‐doping of GeTe is reported. Incorporation of Cu electron donors into GeTe–BiTe vacancies results in an effective compensation of the inherent high holes' concentration of GeTe toward the optimal range with pronounced carriers scattering mechanism of ionized impurities, in addition to the known acoustic phonons mechanism, while enhancing of Seebeck coefficient. Adverse high temperature intrinsic conduction effects are suppressed by the rhombohedral‐to‐cubic phase transition of GeTe, extending the maximal ZT s range of ≈1.55 ± 0.1 over a large temperature range.
Recovery for Mental Anguish in North Carolina (1980)

The Bosley court's holding that a direct impact or physical injury was
Room temperature glow discharge deposition of silicon oxides from SiH4 and N2O (1984)

Room temperature plasma deposition of silicon dioxide from silane and nitrous oxide has been described. Depositions were made using a capacitively coupled magnetically enhanced glow discharge system. Near stoichiometric SiO2 was deposited at N2O/SiH4 flow ratios from 11:1 to 2.3:1. Mass spectroscopic analyses of the plasma during the deposition suggest that the SiO2 forming reaction takes place between oxygen from decomposition of N2O and silane. MS data also show that the decomposition rates of N2O and and SiH4 in the glow discharge differ as a function of power with N2O decomposing at a lower rate. As a result, in a magnetically enhanced glow discharge where there are power density variations throughout the system, there will be corresponding variations in deposition rate and deposit properties.
A classification scheme for trust functions in reputation-based trust management (2004)

Abstract. Reputation is an important means to establish trust in decentralized environments such as the Semantic Web. In reputation-based trust management, an entity’s reputation is usually built on feedback from those who have direct interactions with the entity. A trust function is used to infer one’s trustworthiness based on such feedback. Many trust functions have been proposed in the literature. They are typically designed for specific application domains, thus differ in a variety of aspects, including trust inference methodologies, complexity and accuracy. In this paper, we propose a classification scheme for trust functions, which will help the systematic analysis and selection of trust functions for particular applications. 1
Isolation, extraction, and measurement of acetylcholine from Lactobacillus plantarum (1977)

The isolation, extraction, and spectrophotometric determination of acetylcholine from Lactobacillus plantarum ATCC 10241 is described. Acetylcholine was extracted with a mixture of sodium tetraphenylboron-butylethylketone-acetonitrile and was measured enzymatically at 340 nm.
An Analysis on the Stability of LDO Regulators (2004)

Based on the analysis of the principle of low dropout (LDO) regulators and by means of the frequency domain Fourier analysis, an in-depth theoretical study is made on the stability and frequency response of LDO regulators. A compensation method has been developed to improve the system stability. Results from simulations of both frequency and transient responses show that the frequency response and stability of the LDO regulator are greatly improved by using the proposed method.
Anfänge (1997)

Die europäische Begegnung mit einer als neue definierten Welt stellt im 15./16. Jh. und stellenweise noch sehr viel später die jeweils konventionelle Repräsentation von Wirklichkeit in Frage. Sie bleibt bis heute Leitmotiv im europäischen Amerikabild und produziert gerade in unserer Zeit wieder ausgedehnte Diskussionen darüber, daß Wirklichkeit für uns nicht einfach gegeben ist, sondern sprachlich, diskursiv konstruiert — eben »repräsentiert« — werden muß. Seit dem Logbuch des Christoph Columbus ist der Befund immer derselbe: Das Neue nimmt dem Blick des Betrachters die Orientierungsfähigkeit, läßt ihn zwischen divergenten Perspektiven schwanken. So beschreibt Columbus in einem Eintrag vom 21. Oktober 1492, in dem es ihm (wie meist) darum geht, Ferdinand und Isabella im fernen Spanien davon zu überzeugen, daß seine Reise sich gelohnt hat, eine Insel, die »die anderen an Schönheit und Fruchtbarkeit noch übertrifft«. Aber dabei liegen ästhetische und ökonomische Blickwinkel dauernd quer zueinander, und der Schritt vom Betrachten zum Töten ist ganz kurz: Tausend verschiedene Arten von Bäumen waren anzutreffen, mit ihren Früchten und von wunderbar köstlichem Duft. Es war mir sehr leid, ihr Wesen nicht zu kennen, denn ich bin sehr sicher, daß sie wertvoll sind; ich habe Proben von ihnen und den Pflanzen konserviert. … Als wir um einen dieser [vorher erwähnten] Seen herumgingen, sah ich eine Schlange, die wir töteten, und ich habe die Haut für Eure Hoheiten aufbewahrt.
Study on Assist Characteristics of Electric Power Steering System Based on Vehicle State (2007)

The assist characteristics is basis of electric power steering system control.To ensure the safety of the steering operation,the relationship between the parameters of vehicle state and assist torque of electric power steering system is analyzed in this paper.After that,the assist characteristics of electric steering system is put forward,which is based on vehicle state,and is simulated with Matlab/Simulink,the result shows its feasibility.
Consistent video depth estimation (2020)

We present an algorithm for reconstructing dense, geometrically consistent depth for all pixels in a monocular video. We leverage a conventional structure-from-motion reconstruction to establish geometric constraints on pixels in the video. Unlike the ad-hoc priors in classical reconstruction, we use a learning-based prior, i.e., a convolutional neural network trained for single-image depth estimation. At test time, we fine-tune this network to satisfy the geometric constraints of a particular input video, while retaining its ability to synthesize plausible depth details in parts of the video that are less constrained. We show through quantitative validation that our method achieves higher accuracy and a higher degree of geometric consistency than previous monocular reconstruction methods. Visually, our results appear more stable. Our algorithm is able to handle challenging hand-held captured input videos with a moderate degree of dynamic motion. The improved quality of the reconstruction enables several applications, such as scene reconstruction and advanced video-based visual effects.
Best Linear Unbiased Prediction of Genomic Breeding Values Using a Trait-Specific Marker-Derived Relationship Matrix (2010)

The proposed TABLUP method is an improvement of the RRBLUP and GBLUP method. It might be equivalent to the BayesB method but it has additional benefits like the calculation of accuracies for individual breeding values. The results also showed that the TA-matrix performs better in predicting ability than the classical numerator relationship matrix and the realized relationship matrix which are derived solely from pedigree or markers without regard to the trait. This is because the TA-matrix not only accounts for the Mendelian sampling term, but also puts the greater emphasis on those markers that explain more of the genetic variance in the trait.
A bidirectional wide load range multiphase buck/boost converter for differential power processing (2017)

Series stacking of dc voltage domains to allow power delivery at higher voltages and lower currents has been explored for some time. Differential power processing (DPP) is an integral part of many such applications. DPP benefits from bidirectional converters to process the difference in currents between two consecutive stacked domains to regulate voltages of each domain. In this paper we discuss the importance of having DPP converters with low light load power loss. Then we develop a multiphase buck/boost converter with asymmetric current sharing between phases to achieve good efficiencies over a wide load range. A new light-load (variable frequency, discontinuous conduction mode) control is also developed to improve light load efficiency.
<title>Block wavelet transform for sub-image coding/decoding</title> (1996)

Wavelet transform is used efficiently for high compression ratio image coding. It is useful for a high resolution and color document image processing system. However, a large amount of memory is required in wavelet decompression for a large image. Conventional wavelet transform does not allow reconstructing a sub-region of the image. Therefore, it is hard to use wavelet transform in a color document image processing system. In this paper, a block wavelet transform method is proposed. An image is divided into blocks and the samples of the adjacent block are used to transform one block for removing the edge artifact. The required number of samples of the adjacent block are derived. By using the proposed method, the memory requirement for wavelet coding/decoding is reduced to that of the block size. Any targeted region of an image can be compressed or reconstructed. The proposed method can be used for a color document image processing system.
Energy-Efficient Clusters for Object Tracking Networks (2018)

Smart cities have hundreds of thousands of devices for tracking data on crime, the environment, and traffic (such as data collected at crossroads and on streets). This results in higher energy usage, as they are recording information persistently and simultaneously. Moreover, a single object tracking device, on a corner at an intersection for example has a limited scope of view, so more object tracking devices are added to broaden the view. As an increasing number of object tracking devices are constructed on streets, their efficient energy consumption becomes a significant issue. This work is concerned with decreasing the energy required to power these systems, and proposes energy-efficient clusters (EECs) of object tracking systems to achieve energy savings. First, we analyze a current object tracking system to establish an equivalent model. Second, we arrange the object tracking system in a cluster structure, which facilitates the evaluation of energy costs. Third, the energy consumption is assessed as either dynamic or static, which is a more accurate system for determining energy consumption. Fourth, we analyze all possible scenarios of the object’s location and the resulting energy consumption, and derive a number of formulas for the fast computation of energy consumption. Finally, the simulation results are reported. These results show the proposed EEC is an effective way to save energy, compared with the energy consumption benchmarks of current technology.
Publishing L2TAP Logs to Facilitate Transparency and Accountability. (2014)

We propose publishing L2TAP privacy logs to facilitate pri-vacy auditing tasks that involve multiple auditors, an increas-ingly common requirement in the context of social computing and big data driven science. Our proposal utilizes two on-tologies, L2TAP and SCIP, designed for deployment in a Linked Data environment. L2TAP provides provenance en-abled logging of events. SCIP synthesizes contextual integrity concepts to express key privacy-related semantics associated with log events. We describe SPARQL query-based solu-tions for privacy log construction, obligation derivation, and compliance checking. The solutions facilitate accountability and transparency among participants (privacy auditors in particular). 1.
Detection of a novel catalase in extracts of Mycobacterium avium and Mycobacterium intracellulare (1988)

A novel class of catalase, which differs from the previously described M- and T-catalases of mycobacteria, was detected in strains of Mycobacterium avium and M. intracellulare. Designated A-catalase, this enzyme resisted inactivation at 68 degrees C, was inactivated by 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (aminotriazole), and exhibited no peroxidase activity. All of these properties distinguished the enzyme from T-catalase. The A-catalase exhibited a Km of 70 mM H2O2, which is between the upper and lower extremes of the ranges reported for T- and M-catalases, respectively. The A-catalase appeared to be more hydrophobic than M-catalase and did not react with antiserum to a representative sample of this class. The banding patterns of T- and M-catalases seen by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) were essentially unaffected by the incorporation of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into the PAGE system, whereas the single band of A-catalase seen by PAGE without SDS resolved into as many as five bands in the presence of SDS; these bands were all of slower mobility than the original band. The banding pattern seen with SDS appeared to be related more to counterion charge effects than to molecular size increases that could be attributed to SDS complexed to the protein. It remains to be determined whether the multiple A-catalase bands reflect different proteins or different SDS micellar complexes of a single protein.
VTJukebox: implementation issues for RTP-based recording and on-demand multicast of multimedia conferences (2002)

We describe the implementation of a system for reliable recording and on-demand playback of multimedia conferences using the services provided by the RTP/RTCP protocols over an intranet. Implementation issues are underlined regarding the file indexing strategy to support random access during playback, the scheduling of packets to reduce transmission delay jitter, replacement of lost packets within the media stream and recorder allocation and deployment.
Major proteins induced and down-regulated by interferons in human cultured cells: identification of a unique set of proteins induced by interferon-alpha in epithelial, fibroblast, and lymphoid cells. (1987)

In all, 40 major polypeptides ranging in molecular weights from 14.5 to 83 kDa were shown to be induced by IFNs alpha (also by IFN-alpha 2b and beta in a few cases) and gamma in human cultured cells of epithelial (transformed amnion cells (AMA)), fibroblast (proliferating and quiescent MRC-5 fibroblasts), and lymphoid origin (Molt-4). With the exception of a heat shock protein (IEF14 or hs x 70) and two tropomyosins (IEFs 52x and 55), none of these proteins corresponded to polypeptides (proliferation-sensitive or others) previously identified and catalogued by us. IFN-alpha induced the highest number of polypeptides in lymphoid cells, while the response to IFN-gamma was more pronounced in cultured epithelial and fibroblast cells. Several of the polypeptides induced by IFNs alpha and gamma were synthesized (albeit at different rates) by the control untreated cells, and in some cell types such as normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells many were expressed at high levels. Only IFN-alpha-induced a unique set of proteins (alpha 1, 51 kDa; alpha 2, 15 kDa; alpha 19, 78 kDa; and gamma 10, 83 kDa) in all cultured cell types studied, implying that response to this IFN involves a shared biochemical pathway(s). Both IFN-alpha (also IFN-alpha 2b) and beta induced an identical group of proteins in AMA cells in agreement with the fact that type I IFNs share common receptors. IFNs alpha and gamma induced a few common polypeptides, but only gamma 10 (83 kDa) showed increased synthesis in all cell types exposed to either of these IFNs. A total of 28 major cellular polypeptides were down-regulated by IFNs in the various cell type studied. Different sets of proteins were affected, however, in each system, emphasizing the complexity of the mechanisms underlying the action of these factors. Treatment of synchronized G1 AMA cells with IFNs alpha, beta, or gamma (500 IU/ml, final concentration) did not inhibit their progression from G1 to S-phase as determined by indirect immunofluorescence using PCNA autoantibodies specific for cyclin. These observations were in line with the fact that IFNs did not affect dividin or cyclin(PCNA) synthesis (S-phase specific proteins) at least within the first 17 hr after their addition.
Direct Detection of Dermatophytes in Skin Samples Based on Sequences of the Chitin Synthase 1 (CHS1) Gene. (2003)

For the direct detection of dermatophytes in skin scrapings and hairs from animals, a primer pair specific to the chitin synthase 1 (CHS1) gene of dermatophytes was constructed. By PCR analysis with the primer pair, dermatophyte DNA could be diagnosed directly and rapidly in clinical skin samples.
Safety and efficacy of alpha-1-antitrypsin augmentation therapy in the treatment of patients with alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (2009)

Alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency (AATD), also known as alpha1-proteinase inhibitor deficiency, is an autosomal co-dominant condition. The genotypes associated with AATD include null, deficient, and dysfunctional alpha-1-antitrypsin (A1AT) variants, which result in low levels of circulating functional A1AT, unbalanced protease activity, and an increased risk of developing lung emphysema, the leading cause of morbidity in these patients. Furthermore, the most common abnormal genotype, Pi*ZZ may also cause trapping of abnormally folded protein polymers in hepatocytes causing liver dysfunction. A major focus of therapy for patients with lung disease due to AATD is to correct the A1AT deficiency state by augmenting serum levels with intravenous infusions of human plasma-derived A1AT. This strategy has been associated with effective elevations of A1AT levels and function in serum and lung epithelial fluid and observational studies suggest that it may lead to attenuation in lung function decline, particularly in patients with moderate impairment of lung function. In addition, an observational study suggests that augmentation therapy is associated with a reduction of mortality in subjects with AATD and moderate to severe lung impairment. More recent randomized placebo-controlled studies utilizing computer scan densitometry suggest that this therapy attenuates lung tissue loss. Augmentation therapy has a relative paucity of side effects, but it is highly expensive. Therefore, this therapy is recommended for patients with AATD who have a high-risk A1AT genotype with plasma A1AT below protective levels (11 microM) and evidence of obstructive lung disease. In this article, we review the published evidence of A1AT augmentation therapy efficacy, side effects, and safety profile.
Effect of Water Content of B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Encapsulant on Semi-Insulating LEC GaAs Crystal (1985)

Undoped LEC GaAs crystals were grown in PBN crucibles using dry and wet B 2 O 3 . The influence of the water content of B 2 O 3 on the melt composition and the electrical properties of the crystal was examined, and it was found that when a highly Ga-rich charge composition was used, crystals grown using wet B 2 O 3 became semi-insulating, while crystals grown using dry B 2 O 3 were p-type conductive. The purity of crystals was investigated through SIMS analysis, LVM IR absorption measurement, and 3 He activation analysis.