gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Azimut: a multimodal locomotion robotic platform (2003)

Other than from its sensing and processing capabilities, a mobile robotic platform can be limited in its use by its ability to move in the environment. A wheeled robot works well on flat surfaces. Tracks are useful over rough terrains, while legs allow a robot to move over obstacles. In this paper we present a new concept of mobile robot with the objective of combining different locomotion mechanisms on the same platform to increase its locomotion capabilities. After presenting a review of multi-modal robotic platforms, we describe the design of our robot called AZIMUT. AZIMUT combines wheels, legs and tracks to move in three-dimensional environments. The robot is symmetrical and is made of four independent leg-track-wheel articulations. It can move with its articulations up, down or straight, or move sideways without changing the robot's orientation. The robot could be used in surveillance and rescue missions, exploration or operation in hazardous environments.
High-Frequency Components in the Electrocardiogram (1967)

Expanding the frequency response of the electrocardiogram and its derivative to 1,000 cps revealed notching in certain parts of the QRS complex which correlates with the presence of primary myocardial disease. Chi-square analysis of data from 169 patients with myocardial involvement indicated that notching on the downstroke of leads X, V 4 , and V 6 separated abnormal from normal patients at the 1% level of significance, whereas fine and coarse slurring showed reverse correlation at the 1% level of significance. This suggests that notching and not slurring is the important evidence of disease. Neither notching nor slurring was significant at the peak of the R wave in any lead. Study of individual cases revealed that complete right and left bundle-branch blocks do not mask high-frequency components caused by myocardial disease nor do they produce high-frequency components. Conclusions regarding specific diagnostic nostic criteria, however, should serve only as guidelines.
Targeted point mutations of <i>p53</i> lead to dominant-negative inhibition of wild-type p53 function (2002)

The p53 tumor suppressor gene is the most frequently mutated gene in human cancers, and germ-line p53 mutations cause a familial predisposition for cancer. Germ-line or sporadic p53 mutations are usually missense and typically affect the central DNA-binding domain of the protein. Because p53 functions as a tetrameric transcription factor, mutant p53 is thought to inhibit the function of wild-type p53 protein. Here, we studied the possible dominant-negative inhibition of wild-type p53 protein by two different, frequently occurring point mutations. The R270H and P275S mutations were targeted into the genome of mouse embryonic stem cells to allow the analysis of the effects of the mutant proteins expressed in normal cells at single-copy levels. In embryonic stem cells, the presence of a heterozygous point-mutated allele resulted in delayed transcriptional activation of several p53 downstream target genes on exposure to gamma irradiation. Doxorubicin-induced apoptosis was severely affected in the mutant embryonic stem cells compared with wild-type cells. Heterozygous mutant thymocytes had a severe defect in p53-dependent apoptotic pathways after treatment with gamma irradiation or doxorubicin, whereas p53-independent apoptotic pathways were intact. Together these data demonstrate that physiological expression of point-mutated p53 can strongly limit overall cellular p53 function, supporting the dominant-negative action of such mutants. Also, cells heterozygous for such mutations may be compromised in terms of tumor suppression and response to chemotherapeutic agents.
Near Magnetic Field Coupling Prediction Using Equivalent Spherical Harmonic Sources (2014)

In the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) behavior of power electronic converters, magnetic parasitic couplings between components are one of the main causes of dysfunctions or bad filtering (e.g., in EMC filter). These couplings could be as conducted or near-field interferences. In order to handle interaction problems, a complete knowledge of these magnetic couplings is then necessary. Our study is focused on near magnetic field's interferences. Indeed, the characterization of electromagnetic field in power electronics is still in active research. This paper details a predictive method that calculates accurately and efficiently the near magnetic field coupling between two sources. By using the near-field multipolar expansion in spherical harmonics of electromagnetic sources, the close magnetic coupling between two sources is determined from their equivalent model. It is shown that the increase in degree up to the fourth provides a more precise representation of the elements and thus a better accuracy of the near-field coupling prediction. Also, theoretical and experimental developments will be presented. The coupling between two complex sources will be considered to validate the predictive method.
Structural and Electrochemical Characterizations of P2 and New O3-Na<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1-y</sub>Fe<sub>y</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Phases Prepared by Auto-Combustion Synthesis for Na-Ion Batteries (2013)

Using auto-combustion synthesis route followed by a 1000°C heat-treatment, we succeeded to prepare four Nax(Mn,Fe)O2 phases: P2-Na0.67Mn2/3Fe1/3O2, P2-Na0.71Mn1/2Fe1/2O2, and new Na-deficient O3-Na0.82Mn1/3Fe2/3O2 and O3-Na∼0.8Mn1/2Fe1/2O2 phases. We studied their structures by X-ray Diffraction and their electrochemical properties as positive electrode in Na-cells that were reversibly charged and discharged in the 1.5 and 3.8 V range vs. Na+/Na, leading to discharge capacities between 135 and 155 mAh.g−1. The shapes of the cycling curves are discussed together with the stacking of the phases and the redox processes involved in the Na intercalation/deintercalation reaction. In some cases the Fe(IV) state is clearly reached.
The Use of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn mathvariant="bold">18</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>F-FDG-PET/CT for Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring of Inflammatory and Infectious Diseases (2013)

FDG-PET, combined with CT, is nowadays getting more and more relevant for the diagnosis of several infectious and inflammatory diseases and particularly for therapy monitoring. Thus, this paper gives special attention to the role of FDG-PET/CT in the diagnosis and therapy monitoring of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Enough evidence in the literature already exists about the usefulness of FDG-PET/CT in the diagnosis, management, and followup of patients with sarcoidosis, spondylodiscitis, and vasculitis. For other diseases, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune pancreatitis, and fungal infections, hard evidence is lacking, but studies also point out that FDG-PET/CT could be useful. It is of invaluable importance to have large prospective multicenter studies in this field to provide clear answers, not only for the status of nuclear medicine in general but also to reduce high costs of treatment.
Femtosecond high-power spontaneous mode-locked operation in vertical-external cavity surface-emitting laser with gigahertz oscillation (2011)

We realize a femtosecond high-power spontaneous mode-locked operation with gigahertz oscillation in a vertical-external cavity surface-emitting laser under the condition of eliminating the internal and external unwanted reflection. We find that the reflectivity of the output coupler has a significant influence not only on the output power but also on the output pulse duration. With an incident pump power of 20 W, we have achieved 2.35 W of average output power with 778 fs pulse duration at a repetition rate of 2.17 GHz. The shortest pulse duration was 654 fs at an average output power of 0.45 W.
A mathematical model of the carotid baroregulation in pulsating conditions (1999)

A mathematical model of short-term arterial pressure control by the carotid baroreceptors in vagotomized subjects is presented. It includes an elastance variable description of the left and right heart, the systemic and pulmonary circulations, the afferent carotid baroreceptor pathway, a central elaboration unit, and the action of five effector mechanisms. Simulation results suggest that the carotid baroreflex is able to significantly modulate the cardiac function curve, but this effect is masked in vivo by changes in arterial pressure and atrial pressure. During heart pacing, cardiac output increases with frequency at moderate levels of heart rate, then fails to increase further due to a reduction in stroke volume. Shifting from nonpulsatile to pulsatile perfusion of the carotid sinuses decreases the overall baroreflex gain. Finally, a sensitivity analysis suggests that venous unstressed volume control plays the major role in the early hemodynamic response to acute hemorrhage, whereas systemic resistance control is less important. In all cases, there has been satisfactory agreement between model and experimental results.
Autologous Regulation of Androgen Receptor Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in the Separate Lobes of the Rat Prostate Gland1 (1995)

Differential autoregulation of androgen receptors (AR) has been previously described for the separate lobes of the rat prostate gland. While AR are up-regulated by testosterone in the ventral, dorsal, and LP1 lateral lobes, the epithelial cells of the LP2 lateral ducts show continued expression of the AR protein following androgen withdrawal. To determine the mechanism of this differential autologous regulation, the present study examined the autoregulation of AR mRNA in the separate regions of the rat prostate gland. Northern blot analysis revealed that AR mRNA levels are down-regulated by androgens in all prostate lobes, since their levels increase following castration and decrease upon testosterone replacement. In situ hybridization confirmed that the increase in AR mRNA levels immediately following androgen withdrawal is due to increased transcripts per cell. When normalized to DNA content, the AR mRNA elevation upon androgen withdrawal was transient, and the value returned to control levels in the ventral and dorsal lobes within three days, while the elevation of AR message in the lateral lobe was prolonged. Quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction studies revealed that elevated AR mRNA levels in the prolonged absence of androgens were confined to the LP2 ducts of the lateral lobe. Nuclear run-on experiments showed no alteration in AR gene transcription two days after castration in the ventral, dorsal, or LP1 lateral lobes when compared to the values in intact rats, indicating that posttranscriptional mechanisms are involved in AR mRNA autoregulation. In contrast, the AR gene transcription rate doubled in the lateral LP2 ducts. The elevated AR mRNA levels in the LP2 ducts due to increased AR gene transcription following castration may, in part, explain the continued expression of AR protein in that region in the absence of testosterone. However, the mechanism whereby AR translation becomes uncoupled from its AR mRNA levels in the ventral and dorsal lobes after hormone withdrawal remains unclear. In summary, the present data demonstrate that differences exist in AR mRNA regulation within the different regions of the rat prostate gland. These differences may begin to explain differential autoregulation of the AR protein in the separate prostate lobes.
Damage Analysis in Composite Materials (1975)

Two nondestructive evaluation test methods, radiography and ultrasonics, are examined for potential use in composite material characterization programs for composite structures subjected to either fatigue damage, foreign object damage, or environmental degradation. The principal goal of the work is to introduce semiquantitative test methods for measuring the size of damage zones and for defining the characteristic flaws within the zone with emphasis being placed on developing test techniques, test philosophies, and discussions on various signal processing procedures. Sample test results are presented along with a description of selected computer simulation signal processing studies.
Frictional–collisional constitutive relations for granular materials, with application to plane shearing (1987)

Within a granular material stress is transmitted by forces exerted at points of mutual contact between particles. When the particles are close together and deformation of the assembly is slow, contacts are sustained for long times, and these forces consist of normal reactions and the associated tangential forces due to friction. When the particles are widely spaced and deformation is rapid, on the other hand, contacts are brief and may be regarded as collisions, during which momentum is transferred. While constitutive relations are available which model both these situations, in many cases the average contact times lie between the two extremes. The purpose of the present work is to propose constitutive relations and boundary conditions for this intermediate case and to solve the corresponding equations of motion for plane shear of a cohesionless granular material between infinite horizontal plates. It is shown that, in general, not all the material between the plates participates in shearing, and the solutions for the shearing material are coupled to a yield condition for the non-shearing material to give a complete solution of the problem.
Haemorrhoids. Essentials of clinical management. (2001)

Careful diagnostic skills are required to recognise the differences between internal and external haemorrhoids and other significant anorectal pathology. With appropriate diagnosis, most haemorrhoids can be treated successfully nonsurgically in an office setting.
Attraction of Non-Target Organisms to Swass2 (1981)

Non-target organisms killed by SWASS pellets, a bait toxicant system for screwworms, Cochliomyia hominivorax (Coquerel), were determined. Collections of insects were made at 391 sites in 19 study areas in Texas, New Mexico, Arizona, and Mexico. The reaction of domestic animals to the pellets was recorded, and pellet-baited small mammal traps were set in selected areas. Diptera comprised 93.5% of the insects collected, and 88.5% of these were Calliphoridae, Sarcophagidae, Anthomyiidae, and Muscidae. The predominant species in these families in order of abundance were C. macellaria (Fabricius), Ravinia effrenata (Walker), Hylemya cinerella (Fallen), and Synthesiomyia nudiseta (Wulp). Mammals caught in traps included Neotoma micropus Baird, N. Albigula (Hartley), Spermophilus mexicanus (Erxleben), and Sylvilagus floridanus (Allen). Domestic animals have little or no interest in the pellet as food. On the average, ca. 10% of all pellets were degraded or removed from a site within one wk.
INTESTINAL BARRIER FUNCTION AND COW'S MILK ALLERGY IN GUINEA-PIGS FED MILK OR FERMENTED MILK. (1998)

123 Lactic bacteria have been shown to reinforce the intestinal barrier function by stimulating secretory IgAs and may alter cow's milk proteins (CMP) in fermented milks, possibly acting on their potential allergenicity. This study analyzes the respective effect of milk and fermented milks 1) on intestinal barrier function to food proteins and 2) on β-lactoglobulin(β-LG) sensitization, in a guinea-pig model of cow's milk allergy (CMA).Methods: Weanling guinea-pigs received during two weeks either a control diet (C) or the same diet supplemented with milk (M) or fermented milk(streptococcus thermophilus and bifidobacterium breve) (FM) or Dehydrated FM (Lactofidus) (DFM). Intestinal barrier capacity was assessed in Ussing chambers by the electrical resistance of jejunal fragments and by macromolecular permeability to 3H-horseradish peroxidase (3H-HRP) and14 C β-LG. Immune sensitization to CMP was measured by systemic anti β-LG IgG1 antibodies and by intestinal anaphylaxis assessed in Ussing chambers in jejunai fragments by the β-LG-induced rise in short-circuit current (▵ Iscβ-LG). Results:1) Barrier function: the electrical resistance of jejunal mucosa was similar in the four groups (≈80 Ω.cm2) suggesting identical paracellular permeability. Transcytosis of 3H-HRP and 14C β-LG from mucosa to serosa are reported in the table in ng/h.cm2: 2) milk protein sensitization: β-LG concentration, measured by immuno- enzymatic assay was similar in M, FM and DFM (≈0.13 mg/ml). Anti β-LG IgG1 were higher in FM and DFM (log10 titer= 2.86 and 2.79 respectively) than in M guinea-pigs (log10 titer= 2.5, p<0.007), but β-LG-induced intestinal anaphylaxis remained identical in the three groups (▵ Iscβ-LG = 9.6±1.5, 8.5±1.2 and 8.7±1.3 μA/cm2 in M, FM and DFM guinea-pigs respectively). Conclusions: Although intestinal barrier capacity to food proteins seems to be reinforced by dehydrated fermented milk, milk and fermented milks are equally able to induce cow's milk allergy in guinea-pigs.
Perception-driven watermarking with evolutionary block mapping (2010)

This paper presents a perception-driven, block-based wavelet watermarking algorithm, which merits in both perceptual invisibility and robustness against watermark attacking. First, attention-based region saliency analysis is adopted to select perceptually unconcerned regions for watermark embedding. Second, wavelet transform is carried out to embed secret message into high frequency coefficients within the perceptually unconcerned regions. Especially, we present an optimal block mapping substitution method, which adopts genetic algorithm to reduce PSNR cost. Its main idea is to minimize the degradation of the watermarked image by learning a best mapping function between original image blocks and secret messages at global scope. Extensive experiments are conducted to validate both the perceptual invisibility and robustness against Gaussian Noise and JPEG compression attacks. We also give PSNR comparison with state-of-the-art methods to demonstrate our advantages.
The MODIS cloud products: algorithms and examples from terra (2003)

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) is one of five instruments aboard the Terra Earth Observing System (EOS) platform launched in December 1999. After achieving final orbit, MODIS began Earth observations in late February 2000 and has been acquiring data since that time. The instrument is also being flown on the Aqua spacecraft, launched in May 2002. A comprehensive set of remote sensing algorithms for cloud detection and the retrieval of cloud physical and optical properties have been developed by members of the MODIS atmosphere science team. The archived products from these algorithms have applications in climate change studies, climate modeling, numerical weather prediction, as well as fundamental atmospheric research. In addition to an extensive cloud mask, products include cloud-top properties (temperature, pressure, effective emissivity), cloud thermodynamic phase, cloud optical and microphysical parameters (optical thickness, effective particle radius, water path), as well as derived statistics. We will describe the various algorithms being used for the remote sensing of cloud properties from MODIS data with an emphasis on the pixel-level retrievals (referred to as Level-2 products), with 1-km or 5-km spatial resolution at nadir. An example of each Level-2 cloud product from a common data granule (5 min of data) off the coast of South America will be discussed. Future efforts will also be mentioned. Relevant points related to the global gridded statistics products (Level-3) are highlighted though additional details are given in an accompanying paper in this issue.
The Crystal Structure of the Human Toll-like Receptor 10 Cytoplasmic Domain Reveals a Putative Signaling Dimer (2008)

The Toll/interleukin-1 receptor (TIR) domain is a highly conserved signaling domain found in the intracellular regions of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), in interleukin-1 receptors, and in several cytoplasmic adaptor proteins. TIR domains mediate receptor signal transduction through recruitment of adaptor proteins and play critical roles in the innate immune response and inflammation. This work presents the 2.2A crystal structure of the TIR domain of human TLR10, revealing a symmetric dimer in the asymmetric unit. The dimer interaction surface contains residues from the BB-loop, DD-loop, and alphaC-helix, which have previously been identified as important structural motifs for signaling in homologous TLR receptors. The interaction surface is extensive, containing a central hydrophobic patch surrounded by polar residues. The BB-loop forms a tight interaction, where a range of consecutive residues binds in a pocket formed by the reciprocal BB-loop and alphaC-helix. This pocket appears to be well suited for binding peptide substrates, which is consistent with the notion that peptides and peptide mimetics of the BB-loop are inhibitors for TLR signaling. The TLR10 structure is in good agreement with available biochemical data on TLR receptors and is likely to provide a good model for the physiological dimer.
60-fs pulses from a diode-pumped Nd:glass laser (1997)

We demonstrate 60-fs pulses with an average output power of 84 mW from a diode-pumped Nd:glass laser mode locked by a low-finesse antiresonant Fabry-Perot saturable absorber (A-FPSA). The mode-locked spectrum spreads over most of the available Nd:glass fluorescence bandwidth. At increased pulse energy fluence or decreased negative group-velocity dispersion, multiple pulsing was observed. We experimentally characterize this behavior, which can be explained by the saturation behavior of the A-FPSA and the limited available gain bandwidth. These considerations are significant for the design of saturable absorbers to achieve stable passive mode locking.
A flat panel display upgrade solution replaces military CRT technology (2002)

Successful technology insertion programs must satisfy many system constraints in order to incorporate new capabilities into aging avionics systems while meeting program cost requirements. Such constraints frequently include form, fit, and functional replacement specifications, as well as power and electrical performance restrictions. This paper describes a technology insertion program undertaken by engineers at the Georgia Tech Research Institute. The program goal was to replace the 30-year-old azimuth indicator display of a radar warning receiver system. This necessitated the use of electroluminescent (EL) display technology to replace the analog cathode ray tube display currently used in the system. Because of the prohibitively high cost of aircraft wiring modifications, the replacement display was required to be completely form, fit, and functionally equivalent to its replacement. The form, fit, and functional equivalency requirement imposed the following system constraints: (1) power consumption of less than 10 Watts, (2) the need to maintain the same stroke-deflection current electrical interface, and (3) the need to meet the maintenance and repair budget of the existing display unit. Additional requirements included night-vision compatibility and full sunlight readability. The display was also required to be MIL-STD-1553 Remote Terminal communication capable. All of these requirements posed a challenging technology insertion problem to program personnel. The case study described in this paper illustrates the approach to meeting the particular requirements of this technology insertion program.