gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differential inhibition of soluble and cell surface receptor-bound single-chain urokinase by plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2. A potential regulatory mechanism. (1994)

Urokinase (u-PA)-mediated cell surface plasminogen activation is required for cellular tissue invasion. This invasion occurs in environments rich in plasminogen activator inhibitors (PAIs), which efficiently inhibit receptor-bound two-chain u-PA. Single-chain u-PA (scu-PA) was recently found to efficiently initiate cell surface plasminogen activation, and we herein describe the interaction of scu-PA with PAI type 2 (PAI-2). In the fluid phase (no cells) the plasminogen-activating activities of both scu-PA and Glu158-scu-PA (a plasmin non-activatable variant of scu-PA) were inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by recombinant human PAI-2. This inhibition occurred with both forms of scu-PA remaining as single-chain molecules throughout the interactions. Although scu-PA did not form SDS-stable complexes with PAI-2, preincubation of scu-PA with 125I-PAI-2 demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of SDS-stable complex formation between 125I-PAI-2 and subsequently added two-chain u-PA. This indicates that although a "stable intermediate" type complex between scu-PA and PAI-2 was not detected, there was a physical association between the two molecules that shared at least some determinants with the two-chain u-PA-PAI-2 complex. In contrast, Glu158-scu-PA bound to u-PA receptors on monocytes was only minimally inhibited by a large molar excess of PAI-2. These data suggest that the initiation of cell surface plasminogen activation may involve the partitioning of scu-PA between PAI-2 (a "negative modulator") and the u-PA receptor (a "positive modulator") and that the enzymatic activity of receptor-bound scu-PA may allow initiation of cell surface proteolysis even in PAI-2-rich environments. A model along these lines is presented.
<title>In-situ monitoring of chemical reactions by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy</title> (1992)

The speed and specificity of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) affords great advantages in the study of chemical reactions. Reactants, intermediates, and products can be monitored in-situ and in real time, under reaction conditions.
Intelligence and Verbal Short-Term Memory/Working Memory: Their Interrelationships from Childhood to Young Adulthood and Their Impact on Academic Achievement (2017)

Although recent developmental studies exploring the predictive power of intelligence and working memory (WM) for educational achievement in children have provided evidence for the importance of both variables, findings concerning the relative impact of IQ and WM on achievement have been inconsistent. Whereas IQ has been identified as the major predictor variable in a few studies, results from several other developmental investigations suggest that WM may be the stronger predictor of academic achievement. In the present study, data from the Munich Longitudinal Study on the Genesis of Individual Competencies (LOGIC) were used to explore this issue further. The secondary data analysis included data from about 200 participants whose IQ and WM was first assessed at the age of six and repeatedly measured until the ages of 18 and 23. Measures of reading, spelling, and math were also repeatedly assessed for this age range. Both regression analyses based on observed variables and latent variable structural equation modeling (SEM) were carried out to explore whether the predictive power of IQ and WM would differ as a function of time point of measurement (i.e., early vs. late assessment). As a main result of various regression analyses, IQ and WM turned out to be reliable predictors of academic achievement, both in early and later developmental stages, when previous domain knowledge was not included as additional predictor. The latter variable accounted for most of the variance in more comprehensive regression models, reducing the impact of both IQ and WM considerably. Findings from SEM analyses basically confirmed this outcome, indicating IQ impacts on educational achievement in the early phase, and illustrating the strong additional impact of previous domain knowledge on achievement at later stages of development.
Detection of Circulating Tumor Cells in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Renal Cell Carcinoma Correlates with Prognosis (2009)

The presence of circulating tumor cells correlated to lymph node status and presence of synchronous metastases in renal cell carcinoma. It is important to evaluate CK+ and blue-stained tumor cells together to determine the role of circulating tumor cells in tumor behavior and disease progression. Detection of CK+ circulating tumor cells in peripheral blood is a significant and independent prognostic factor for renal cell carcinoma.
Sodium salicylate treatment in early lactation increases whole-lactation milk and milk fat yield in mature dairy cows (2013)

Multiple lines of inquiry have suggested that a high degree of inflammation in early lactation cows is associated with low productivity and increased disease incidence. In addition, some small studies have suggested that milk production increases in response to antiinflammatory treatment in the first week of lactation. Our objective was to determine if administration of sodium salicylate (SS), a nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug (NSAID), in the first week of lactation changes whole-lactation productivity and retention in the herd. At calving, 78 cows [n=39 primiparous (1P); n=24 second parity (2P); n=15 third parity or greater (3P)] were alternately assigned to either control (CON) or SS treatments for 7 d postpartum. Sodium salicylate treatment was administered via individual water bowls at a concentration of 1.95 g/L, delivering a mean of 123.3±5.5 g of salicylate/d during the 7-d treatment. For the first 21 d of lactation, dry matter intake, water intake, milk yield, and health were monitored daily, and milk samples were collected twice weekly for milk component analysis. Monthly milk yield and component testing through the rest of the lactation provided data to assess long-term responses, and the effects of treatment on the risk of leaving the herd and on 305-d milk, fat, and protein yields were assessed. During the first 21 d of lactation, we observed no differences in morbidity, except for increased risk of metritis in 3P SS cows. Treatment interacted with parity to influence both 305-d milk and milk fat yields, and a tendency for an interaction was detected for 305-d milk protein yield. Milk yield was 2,469±646 kg greater over the lactation in 3P SS cows compared with 3P CON cows (21% increase) and tended to decrease by 8% in 1P cows treated with SS; no effects were detected in 2P cows. Furthermore, 3P SS cows produced 130±23 kg more milk fat over the lactation (30% increase), with no effects detected for 1P or 2P. Treatment with SS tended to increase 305-d milk protein yield in 3P cows by 14%, with no effects in 1P or 2P cows. A tendency for a treatment × parity interaction was also observed for the risk of leaving the herd. First-parity cows treated with SS tended to have greater risk of leaving the herd than controls (30 vs. 6% risk); however, treatment did not alter herd retention in 2P or 3P groups, and SS had no effect on the risk of leaving the herd overall. Results indicate that SS has long-term effects on lactation of mature dairy cows, particularly on fat yield, but may have negative effects for primiparous cows.
Assembly and Fiber Formation of a Gemini-Type Hexathienocoronene Amphiphile for Electrical Conduction (2013)

We report the synthesis, characterization, and self-assembly of a new gemini-type amphiphilic hexathienocoronene (HTCGemini), which owes its amphiphilicity to two hydrophobic dodecyl chains on one side of the HTC core and two hydrophilic triethylene glycol (TEG) chains on the other. Bearing a "softer" aromatic HTC core than the conventional hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronenes (HBC), and being more planar than contorted-hexabenzocoronenes (c-HBC), HTCGemini is demonstrated to yield various well-ordered assemblies in solution, at the liquid-solid interface, and in solid state by the use of different processing techniques. Regular fibers, helices, and tubes can be formed simply by processing from different solvents. At the liquid-solid interface, as visualized by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), pairs of molecules adsorb very close to each other and arrange in the p2 plane group, driven by packing constraints and weak van der Waals interactions between adjacent molecules. HTCGemini also exhibits phase forming behavior in the bulk upon thermal treatment, resulting in a crystalline, herringbone-like columnar structure. Owning to an electron enriched aromatic core with respect to other reported coronenes, HTCGemini easily forms a stable radical cation, both in solution and in the bulk, upon oxidative doping with nitrosonium tetrafluoroborate (NOBF4). Furthermore, light irradiation of the blend film of HTCGemini and phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) generates a prominent photocurrent which can be switched repeatedly with a large on/off ratio (6.0 × 10(4)). The self-assembled structures obtained from HTCGemini at different length scales have potential applications in optoelectronic devices, solar cells, and redox sensors.
p -type conduction in unintentional carbon-doped ZnO thin films (2007)

p -type conduction has been observed in unintentional carbon-doped ZnO thin films grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition through postgrowth annealing treatment. The existence of carbon, which has been verified by secondary ion mass spectrometry and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, was predicted to immobilize the oxygen in the interstitial site in ZnO thin films after annealing. Using first principles calculations, the formation of carbon-oxygen cluster defect in ZnO was found to be favorable and acts as a shallow acceptor. The cryogenic photoluminescence of the p-type carbon-doped ZnO thin films shows an additional peak located at 3.3564eV, which was attributed to the acceptor (carbon-oxygen cluster defect) bound exciton emission.
Mixed‐Linker Metal‐Organic Frameworks as Catalysts for the Synthesis of Propylene Carbonate from Propylene Oxide and CO<sub>2</sub> (2009)

Abstract A series of mixed‐linker metal‐organic frameworks(MIXMOFs) of the general formula Zn 4 O(BDC) x (ABDC) 3– x has been synthesized and tested as catalyst in the reaction of propylene oxide (PO) and carbon dioxide. Based on MOF‐5 a new synthetic route was developed which allows the partial substitution of benzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate (BDC) linkers in the material by functionalized 2‐aminobenzene‐1,4‐dicarboxylate. In that way the number of catalytically active amino groups can be tuned using the desired BDC/ABDC ratio. The presence of MIXMOFs (instead of a mechanical mixture of MOF‐5 and IRMOF‐3) was proven by high‐resolution X‐ray diffraction and DTG. XRD and TG/MS analysis revealed that pure MIXMOF materials can be obtained up to an ABDC loading of 40 %. The thermal stability in air is decreasing with increasing ABDC content from 450 °C for pure MOF‐5 (0 % ABDC) to ca. 350 °C for the 40 % MIXMOF Zn 4 O(BDC) 1.8 (ABDC) 1.2 . Consequently, MIXMOF materials represent a promising class of materials for catalytic applications in the temperature range at least up to 300 °C which is proven using the synthesis of propylene carbonate (PC) from propylene oxide and carbon dioxide as a test reaction. The catalytic results indicate that solid MIXMOF catalysts in combination with tetraalkylammonium halides (NR 4 X) as promoters are as active as the corresponding homogeneously dissolved reference compounds (H 2 ABDC, H 2 BDC and Zn salts) and that they can be recycled with only moderate loss in activity. A comparison of MIXMOFs from 0 to 40 % of ABDC revealed a dependence of activity on the number of amino groups. Due to the fact that even pure MOF‐5 catalyzed the reaction to some extent, surface Zn centers with free coordination sites might also contribute to substrate activation. Using optimized reaction conditions, a PC yield of up to 63 % can be obtained after 3 h in the presence of low catalyst concentration (0.045 mol‐% of 40 % MIXMOF, containing 0.05 mol‐% of NH 2 groups).(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Effect of Thin-Film Coating on Wear in EGR-Contaminated Oil (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Increased use of higher-efficiency compression ignition direct injection (CIDI) diesel fueled engines instead of today's gasoline engines will result in reduced fuel consumption and greenhouse gases emissions. However, nitrogen oxides (NO<sub>x</sub>) and particulate exhaust emissions from diesel engines must be significantly reduced due to their possible adverse health effects. Exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) is an effective way to reduce NO<sub>x</sub> emissions from diesel engines, but the particulates and acidic exhaust products in the recirculated gas will contaminate engine lubricant oil by increasing the soot content and total acid number (TAN). These factors will increase the wear rate in many critical engine components and seriously compromise engine durability. We have investigated the use of commercially available thin and hard coatings (TiN, TiCN, TiAlN, and CrN) to mitigate the negative effects of EGR on wear. In friction and wear tests with the four-ball machine, we found that all the four coatings deposited on M-50 steel significantly reduced wear in EGR-contaminated oils when compared with uncoated M50 steel balls.</div>
A study of analog characteristics of CMOS with heavily nitrided NO oxynitrides (2002)

Recently, heavily nitrided NO oxynitride has been proposed as an alternative to pure oxide in order to realize high drivability and suppress a large gate leakage current (Fujiwara et al, Digest of IEDM 2000, pp. 227-30, 2000). However, in general, oxynitride has higher interface state density than that of pure oxide, and brings low frequency noise (or 1/f noise) degradation (Kimijima et al., 1999). Thus, analog characteristics under such aggressive doping conditions should be observed carefully for realization of high performance mixed analog and digital LSIs. In this paper, we report analysis of the 1/f noise degradation due to heavily nitrided NO oxynitrides and predict the interface state density value to satisfy 1999 ITRS Roadmap requirements. Additionally, a buried channel type MOSFET is proposed for suppression of the 1/f noise and f/sub T/ degradation.
ChemInform Abstract: SURFACE‐ACTIVE QUATERNARY AMMONIUM SALTS. 5. SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF SALTS OF CHOLINE ALKOXYMETHYL ETHERS (1976)

Abstract Die zum Teil erstmals hergestellten Äther‐chloride (I) reagieren mit Trimethylamin (II) zu den Cholin‐Salzen (III) (Ausbeute 57 ‐ 72%).
High resolution and high speed wavelength-parallel polarization sensor for dense WDM systems (2005)

We report on a wavelength-parallel polarization sensor with potential to perform /spl les/ 4 GHz-spaced sub-channel polarization measurement for multiple dense WDM channels in parallel, with measurement time of less than 5 ms.
Interleaved Dual Buck Full-Bridge Three-Level Inverter (2015)

A novel interleaved dual buck full-bridge three-level inverter (IDBFTI) is proposed for the grid-connected system in this paper. It retains the advantages of interleaved parallel technology for inverter as follows: reducing the output ripple current and the total harmonic distortion of the output current, increasing the power density of system, and reducing the current stress and thermal stress of power devices. Besides, it can solve the problem of zero sequence circulation current (ZSCC) in interleaved inverter system by the circuit structure, and it also has the advantages of no shoot-through problem, no reverse recovery of the body diode, and three-level output. The interleaved inverter circuits share two power-frequency switches, which are resized for each specific application, and it is easier to extend the system by improving current capability of the two switches. The working principle of this system is introduced in detail, and a 2-kW experimental prototype has been established and tested. Test results verify the principle and the excellent performance of IDBFTI.
Transport through Graphene on<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>SrTiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2011)

We report transport measurements through graphene on SrTiO(3) substrates as a function of magnetic field B, carrier density n, and temperature T. The large dielectric constant of SrTiO(3) very effectively screens long-range electron-electron interactions and potential fluctuations, making Dirac electrons in graphene virtually noninteracting. The absence of interactions results in an unexpected behavior of the longitudinal resistance in the N=0 Landau level and in a large suppression of the transport gap in nanoribbons. The "bulk" transport properties of graphene at B=0 T, on the contrary, are completely unaffected by the substrate dielectric constant.
Cytoarchitectural distribution of calcium binding proteins in midbrain dopaminergic regions of rats and humans (1996)

The present study compares the distribution of three calcium binding proteins, calbindin-D28k, calretinin, and parvalbumin, in the midbrain tegmentum of rats and humans. In order to compare the distributions of these proteins directly, the cytoarchitecture of this region was evaluated by using immunohistochemistry for tyrosine hydroxylase and substance P in serial sections in both transverse and horizontal planes. There was a high degree of homology in the cytoarchitecture of the three main dopaminergic regions identified. The A8 group was localised in the retrorubral fields, which extended rostrally into the midbrain reticular fields in the human. The A9 group corresponded to the substantia nigra, which was delimited by its dense substance P innervation. The heterogeneous A10 group, situated along the dorsal border as well as medial to the A9 group, comprised multiple nuclei. The distribution of calcium binding proteins was similar in both species, although a larger proportion of neurons contained these proteins in the rat. Calbindin-D28k was localised in neurons within A8 and A10 nuclei and within the caudomedial A9 region (and rostrolateral A9 in the rat only). Calretinin was localised in similar regions. In contrast, neurons containing parvalbumin were concentrated in the substantia nigra pars reticulata. The results suggest that few dopaminergic neurons receiving striatal input in the substantia nigra contain calcium binding proteins; rather, the nondopaminergic nigral neurons contain parvalbumin. Interestingly, dopaminergic neurons are more numerous in humans, whereas nondopaminergic neurons predominate in rats, which suggests that functional differences may exist between rats and humans.
Macromolecular organization of chicken type X collagen in vitro. (1991)

The macromolecular structure of type X collagen in the matrices of primary cultures of chick hypertrophic chondrocytes was initially investigated using immunoelectron microscopy. Type X collagen was observed to assemble into a matlike structure with-in the matrix elaborated by hypertrophic chondrocytes. The process of self assembly was investigated at the molecular level using purified chick type X collagen and rotary-shadowing EM. It was shown that under neutral conditions at 34 degrees C, individual type X collagen molecules associate rapidly into multimeric clusters via their carboxy-terminal globular domains forming structures with a central nodule of carboxy-terminal domains and the triple helices radiating outwards. Prolonged incubation resulted in the formation of a regular hexagonal lattice by lateral association of the juxtaposed triple-helical domains from adjacent multimeric clusters. This extended lattice may play an important role in modifying the cartilage matrix for subsequent events occurring in endochondral bone formation.
Incorporation of tributyrin enhances the expression of a reporter gene in primary and immortalized cell lines. (1995)

Advancing the efficiency of foreign gene transfection can be accomplished by improving its DNA delivery or expression or varying the composition of the DNA construct. A novel method of enhancing gene expression by incorporating triacylglycerol into a transfection protocol is described. The triacylglycerol form of butyric acid was chosen because the addition of the free fatty acid to cells increases gene transcription. The effects of this lipid moiety on transfected gene expression were determined for a range of promoters and cell types. In several cases, inclusion of tributyrin resulted in a greater increase in the production of the gene marker product luciferin than that found for the inclusion of free butyric acid. Overall, the relative effects of tributyrin and free butyric acid differ quite markedly for different cell types and promoters. Thus, tributyrin may be a viable alternative to butyric acid in transfection systems where the free fatty acid has little effect.
Corrosion Potential Sensor for Remote Monitoring of Civil Structure Based on Printed Circuit Board Sensor (2014)

We present a printed circuit board-based wireless inductively coupled corrosion potential sensor for monitoring corrosion of steel-reinforced concrete civil infrastructure. The sensor is a passive LC coil resonator whose resonant frequency varies owing to the corrosion potential produced by two electrodes connected across a voltage-controlled capacitor. The junction capacitance of the voltage-controlled capacitor also varies according to the potential generated by the two electrodes, which is in turn responsible for changing resonant frequency of the sensor. The two electrodes are a stainless steel reference electrode and a steel reinforcement electrode. An external interrogator coil coupled with the sensor coil monitors the sensor resonant frequency shift remotely by measuring the impedance change from the source end. The sensor has a sensitivity of ~1.2 kHz/mV both before and after it is embedded in the cement-based mortar used for testing the sensor. The sensor can be used to sense the corrosion susceptibility of existing structures by embedding the corrosion electrodes in new grout within a small slot formed in an existing structure. Using this approach, weight concentrations of NaCl mixed in cement-based mortars of greater than 2%-3% were detected. Accelerated corrosion tests on embedded sensors in simulations of both new and existing structure demonstrated corrosion potential resolution of less than 10 mV and an uncertainty of less than 50 mV. The sensor is simple in design, inexpensive, and passive making it a battery-less option for long-term corrosion monitoring, and widely deployable for civil structure.
Underground miners localization system based on ZigBee and WebGIS (2010)

The research of fast position miners in tunnels is of great importance in that it can provide accurate information about where the miners are, and minimize the loss of the disaster. To solve the problem of localization in underground mining areas where GPS positioning is not available, underground miners localization system based on ZigBee and WebGIS technology is proposed. Underground miners are equipped with ZigBee-enabled sensor devices that have the ability to communicate, the devices determine the locations of underground miners in realtime by improved distributed RSSI (received signal strength Indicator)-based algorithm, localization information transfer to ground via ZigBee sub-network and Ethernet which acts as main data transmission channels, server in ground provide the service to display the distribution of miners in the e-map for user via browser. The system can realize localization of underground miners, and can help rescue the victims in the disaster relief work. The system is significant in coal mining industry.