gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A "hinge" model for the temporal dynamics of polarization mode dispersion (2004)

PMD for installed systems is well-described as a few static sections connected by dynamic polarization rotators, leading to different (i.e., non-Maxwellian) statistics than the conventional model. This has implications for spectral/temporal dynamics and outage probabilities.
Targeted synthesis of a 3D porous aromatic framework for selective sorption of benzene (2009)

A novel 3D porous aromatic framework (PAF) based on a tetraphenylmethane block and a triangular triazine ring been designed and synthesized, with 1109 m(2) g(-1) Langmuir surface area, and shows selective sorption of benzene.
Toward Extractive Summarization of Online Forum Discussions via Hierarchical Attention Networks (2018)

Forum threads are lengthy and rich in content. Concise thread summaries will benefit both newcomers seeking information and those who participate in the discussion. Few studies, however, have examined the task of forum thread summarization. In this work we make the first attempt to adapt the hierarchical attention networks for thread summarization. The model draws on the recent development of neural attention mechanisms to build sentence and thread representations and use them for summarization. Our results indicate that the proposed approach can outperform a range of competitive baselines. Further, a redundancy removal step is crucial for achieving outstanding results.
Conversion of Metmyoglobin to Bright Red Myoglobin Derivatives by <i>Chromobacterium violaceum, Kurthia</i> sp., and <i>Lactobacillus fermenturn</i> JCM1173 (1993)

ABSTRACT Lactic: acid bacteria (LAB) and various bacteria isolated from the environment were screened on microbiological media for the ability to convert brown metmyoglobin to more desirable bright red derivatives. Of 1,550 environmental isolates tested, two isolates ( Kurthia sp. K‐22 and Chromobacterium violaceum K‐28) were recovered which consistently converted metmyoglobin to more desirable color derivatives as characterized spectrophotometrically. Strains K‐22 and K‐28 produced oxymyoglobin and nitric oxide myoglobin, respectively. Of 347 LAB tested, one strain ( Lactobacillus fermentum JCM1173) was identified that generated nitric oxide myoglobin. These data indicate certain bacteria can effectively convert metmyoglobin to more red forms, and establish the potential of bacterial systems for preserving or improving rhe color of meat products.
Biological effects of melt spinning fabrics composed of 1% bioceramic material (2012)

This study evaluated the usefulness of bioceramic materials (ceramic materials that emit high-performance far-infrared (FIR) rays), processed into fabrics using a traditional manufacturing melt spinning method. Numerous measurements were designed to test the biological functions of 1% bioceramic fabrics. These included physical induction of intracellular nitric oxide (NO) in NIH 3T3 cells (mouse fibroblasts), the effects on cell viability in osteoblastic cells (MC3T3-E1) under hydrogen peroxide-mediated oxidative stress, and the effects on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cyclo-oxygenase-2 (COX-2) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in a chondrosarcoma (SW1353) cell line. When compared to the control group, the bioceramic fabrics were capable of inducing further intracellular NO production using NIH 3T3 cells, and maintaining increased viability and against cell intoxication of osteoblastic cells by suppressing cell release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) under oxidative stress. In addition, it was found to suppress LPS-induced COX-2 production more significantly in a SW1353 cell line. These processes represent the biomolecular changes occurring during promotion of decline in aging, prevention of osteoporosis, and prevention of inflammatory processes within the human body. Therefore, these bioceramic fabrics are likely to fulfill their claims of having health-promoting benefits.
Dynamic Injection MNOS Memory Devices (1980)

Dynamic Injection MNOS (DIMNOS) memory devices are proposed which feature high speed writing, 5 V drain voltage and a dynamic RAM with MNOS backup. These devices have one or two control gates and one MNOS memory between the control gates and field SiO 2 layer. In the above structures, the inversion layer under the MNOS gate is filled with charges transferred from the source through the control gates while writing voltage is being applied to MNOS gate. Then, the control gates are electrically closed and the stored charge in the inversion layer is injected into the interface between the thin SiO 2 and Si 3 N 4 layers in the MNOS. In the experimental results, N-channel Si-gate DIMNOS memory devices are written as fully as conventional MNOS memories in less than 50 nanoseconds. Furthermore, in the dynamic inhibited writing mode, writing is indeed inhibited with pulse widths shorter than 1.0 msec if the number of inhibited writing attempts is kept to less than 10 3 by writing pulse shape improvement.
Retrieval of handwritten historical document images (2005)

Historical library collections across the world hold huge numbers of handwritten documents. By digitizing these manuscripts, their content can be preserved and made available to a large community via the Internet or other electronic media. Such corpora can nowadays be shared relatively easily, but they are often large, unstructured, and only available in image formats, which makes them difficult to access. In particular, finding specific locations of interest in a handwritten image collection is generally very tedious without some sort of index or other access tool. The current solution for this problem is to manually annotate a historical collection, which is very costly in terms of time and money. In this work we explore several automatic techniques that allow the retrieval of handwritten document images with text queries. These are (i) word spotting, an approach that clusters word images to identify and annotate content-bearing words in a collection, (ii) handwriting recognition followed by text retrieval, and (iii) cross-modal retrieval models, which capture the joint occurrence of annotations and word image features in a probabilistic model. We compare the performance of these approaches empirically on several test collections. The main contributions of this work are a detailed examination of retrieval approaches for historical manuscripts, and the development of the first image retrieval system for historical manuscripts that allows text queries. This system extends the field of digital libraries beyond machine printed text into historical handwritten documents. Building such a system involves challenges on numerous levels: the noisy historical manuscript domain requires adequate image filtering, normalization and representation techniques, as well as a robust and scalable retrieval framework. We describe the construction of a prototype system, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed techniques for a large collection of handwritten historical documents.
A comparison of regular topologies for all-optical networks (2002)

Two regular meshed topologies are compared in terms of their possible use for implementing large all-optical wavelength routing communication networks or interconnection systems. It is assumed that the networks provide full connectivity among users and operate with either packet or circuit switching in a wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM) environment, so that source-destination pairs are identified through a frequency and a physical path. The topologies considered are the K-dimensional bidirectional square lattice and the shuffle topology. The comparison is based on the maximum and average distance between nodes, and on the minimum number of identifiers (frequencies in the WDM comb) necessary to discriminate all source-destination pairs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computer-aided Design of Multi-layer Thick-film Hybrid Circuits (1987)

Despite advances in monolithic VLSI, hybrid thick-film remains an important technology particularly where a number of disparate characteristics are required in the one package. In order to match the 1/0 pin densities of VLSI devices that might be mounted on a hybrid circuit, more than the usual two wiring layers are frequently needed. One of the major problems with multi-layer design is that to provide a reasonably flat surface for the printing of the second and subsequent conductor patterns, a fill-in dielectric layer must be provided for each conductor level. This means that for every conductor layer, two dielectric layers must be designed. This paper describes the way that the R.M.I.T. C.A.D. tools have been adapted to allow the design of multi-layer hybrid thick-film circuits with the automatic generation of the required dielectric layers. The way that this technique is used to design a five layer hybrid is described and a set of design rules for multi-layer hybrid thick-film circuit design are presented.
Detection and Quantitation of RecBCD Enzyme (Exonuclease V) Activity (2003)

abstractThe RecBCD enzyme serves two functions in the bacterial cell: it is a nuclease that destroys linear double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), and a DNA helicase that generates single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) used by RecA protein to initiate homologous recombination (, , ). A specific DNA sequence called Chi (5′-GCTGGTGG) is a signal that regulates these two functions (,). An encounter with Chi by RecBCD during its reaction with dsDNA leads to suppression of the nuclease activity and reveals the recombination-initiating function of RecBCD (,). The enzyme in Escherichia coli and other bacteria consists of three protein subunits encoded by the recB, recC, and recD genes, whereas some bacteria (e.g., Bacillus subtilis, Lactococcus lactis) produce a two-subunit enzyme [AddAB and RexAB, respectively (,)]. The genes encoding these latter enzymes complement an E. coli recBCD deletion mutation in vivo (,), and the purified AddAB enzyme has similar catalytic activity to the more extensively studied E. coli enzyme ().
Near-IR retinal laser Doppler velocimetry and flowmetry: new delivery and detection techniques (1991)

In laser Doppler velocimetry and flowmetry of the human ocular fundus, near infrared diode lasers, coupled with avalanche photodiode detectors, offer much improved signal-to-noise ratio compared to He-Ne laser delivery and photomultiplier tube detection. The increased signal-to-noise ratio is achieved through increased retinal irradiance and better quantum efficiency of the avalanche photodiode in the near infrared. Furthermore, the small size of the diode lasers allows delivery of two individually steerable beams for simultaneous measurements in different parts of the fundus. Applications are given as illustrations of the capabilities of the system: retinal laser Doppler velocimetry in humans without need for pupil dilatation and optic nerve head laser Doppler flowmetry in the cat using flicker as a stimulus to induce blood flow changes.
APPLYING ROUGH SET THEORY IN MULTIMEDIA DATA CLASSIFICATION (2011)

The huge size of multimedia data requires for efficient data classification and organization in providing effective multimedia data manipulation. Those valuable data must be captured and stored for potential purposes. One of the main problems in Multimedia Information System (MIS) is the management of multimedia data. As a consequence, multimedia data management has emerged as an important research area for querying, retrieving, inserting and updating of these vast multimedia data. This research considers the rough set theory technique to organize and categorize the multimedia data. Rough set theory method is useful for exploring multimedia data and simplicity to construct multimedia data classification. Classification will help to improve the performance of multimedia data retrieving and organizing process.
Development, Fabrication and Application of a Primary Surface Gas Turbine Recuperator (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Design and manufacturing technology for primary surface gas turbine recuperators has been under development at Caterpillar Tractor Co. for the past 16 years. The key element in the success of this program has been the development of an optimal heat transfer surface which was amenable to low cost fabrication techniques. This paper describes the design and application criteria which guided the development of the primary surface gas turbine recuperator, including heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics, mechanical and thermal loading mechanisms, design life, and materials selection. A review of the recuperator's development history is presented, from early rig tests on handmade heat exchangers to the present commercial fleet of recuperators which were produced in a highly automated manufacturing facility and have compiled over 240,000 total hours of operation as of 02/01/85.</div>
Maximal Human Neutrophil Priming for Superoxide Production and Elastase Release Requires p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation (2000)

The p38 MAPK pathway is required for maximal PAF-induced neutrophil priming for O2- production and elastase degranulation. Therefore, the MAPK signaling cascade may offer a potential therapeutic strategy to preempt global neutrophil hyperactivity rather than attempt to nullify the end products independently.
Digital ray tracing in two-dimensional refractive fields (1982)

This paper presents a review of digital ray tracing in two-dimensional refractive index fields. Since the refractive index fields are not assumed to have any particular symmetries or other special properties, the reviewed methods do not include the techniques developed in optics and in ocean acoustics. We have assumed general two-dimensional refractive index distributions such as would be encountered in ultrasonic computerized tomography. In this paper we have also reviewed digital ray linking, that is, finding a ray path that connects a given transmitter–receiver pair. Also discussed are the difficulties caused by the discrete representation of the refractive index fields and the different interpolation procedures that have been suggested to get around this problem.
NASA Glenn High Pressure Low NOx Emissions Research (2008)

In collaboration with U.S. aircraft engine companies, NASA Glenn Research Center has contributed to the advancement of low emissions combustion systems. For the High Speed Research Program (HSR), a 90% reduction in nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions (relative to the then-current state of the art) has been demonstrated in sector rig testing at General Electric Aircraft Engines (GEAE). For the Advanced Subsonic Technology Program (AST), a 50% reduction in NOx emissions relative to the 1996 International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) standards has been demonstrated in sector rigs at both GEAE and Pratt & Whitney (P&W). During the Ultra Efficient Engine Technology Program (UEET), a 70% reduction in NOx emissions, relative to the 1996 ICAO standards, was achieved in sector rig testing at Glenn in the world class Advanced Subsonic Combustion Rig (ASCR) and at contractor facilities. Low NOx combustor development continues under the Fundamental Aeronautics Program. To achieve these reductions, experimental and analytical research has been conducted to advance the understanding of emissions formation in combustion processes. Lean direct injection (LDI) concept development uses advanced laser-based non-intrusive diagnostics and analytical work to complement the emissions measurements and to provide guidance for concept improvement. This paper describes emissions results from flametube tests of a 9-injection-point LDI fuel/air mixer tested at inlet pressures up to 5500 kPa. Sample results from CFD and laser diagnostics are also discussed.
A dual role for COOH-terminal lysine residues in pre-Golgi retention and endocytosis of ERGIC-53. (1994)

ERGIC-53 (former designation, p53) is a 53-kDa nonglycosylated, dimeric, and hexameric type I membrane protein that has been established as a marker protein for a tubulovesicular intermediate compartment in which protein transport from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus is blocked at 15 degrees C. Although ERGIC-53 is not a resident protein of the rough endoplasmic reticulum its cDNA sequence carries a double lysine endoplasmic reticulum retention motif at the cytoplasmically exposed COOH terminus. Here we report that overexpression of ERGIC-53 in COS cells saturates its intracellular retention system leading to the appearance of ERGIC-53 at the cell surface. Cell surface ERGIC-53 is efficiently endocytosed by a mechanism that is disturbed when the two critical lysines of the endoplasmic reticulum retention motif are replaced by serines. The results suggest a mechanistic similarity of pre-Golgi retention by the double lysine motif and lysine-based endocytosis.
Autoimmune Diseases in Humans, e.g. Autoimmune Rheumatic Diseases (1993)

In spite of increasing evidence that viruses and especially retroviruses could act as etiologic factors in autoimmune and especially autoimmune rheumatic diseases, clear-cut evidence for an involvement of these agents is still missing. Findings, which, for example, indirectly support the hypothesis that retroviruses might play a part, are the demonstration of antibodies to the gp24 in SLE and Sjögren's patients as well as the description of retroviral antigens in the inflamed synovium of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Furthermore, evidence comes from animal models that viruses, such as the Visna or Caprine arthritis encephalitis virus, induced chronic inflammatory diseases in sheep and goats. More recently, a mouse model for rheumatoid arthritis and Sjögren's syndrome was reported in mice transgenic for HTLV-1tax. It is hoped that, especially from the experimental animal models, the possible role of retroviruses as etiological factors in autoimmune rheumatic diseases can be clarified.
Depth of Cure Profiling of UV-Cured Coatings (1990)

In this study Beer's law was utilized to determine the fraction of incident radiation absorbed (or transmitted) at various points within a UV cured coating. The calculations are carried out at each wavelength emitted by commercial curing lamps. Absorbance profiles help explain the difference in surface and through-cure effects and how cure varies with concentration, lamp selection, and coating thickness. Absorbance calculations were compared to experimental results, obtained through curing studies, with formulations containing different photoinitiator concentrations. We have found such calculations to be an effective educational tool in explaining the response of photoactive systems.
Gel Placement in Heterogeneous Systems with Crossflow (1992)

ABSTRACT Early water breakthrough can be a serious problem during waterflooding of heterogeneous reservoir formations. One possible remedy to this problem is to place a gel block in the high-permeability layer, thus diverting displacing brine into the less-permeable layers in- order to sweep the remaining oil from these zones. In such a treatment, the gelant material must be placed in the correct location within the reservoir so that gel does not impair reservoir performance. In this paper, we study the dynamics of gel placement in heterogeneous (stratified) reservoir systems. The details of the gel placement are strongly affected by the level of communication between reservoir layers, which is characterized by the closeness of the system to vertical equilibrium (VE) conditions. We show that in viscous-stable injection of gelant in systems close to vertical equilibrium, considerable volumes of injected material can crossflow into the low-permeability layers, and subsequent gel formation can seriously reduce the performance of the continuing waterflood. Results from a range of experimental displacements in well characterized layered beadpacks are presented, along with supporting numerical simulations, which help to understand the mechanisms and benefits when performing gel treatments in reservoir systems with free crossflow. The central role of viscous crossflow in such systems is demonstrated. Since we consider only viscous forces in this work, the layered experimental packs are scaled only by the viscosity ratio (displacing to displaced), the geometry of the packs, the aspect ratio and the degree of vertical communication (closeness to VE). Thus the conclusions from the experimental and simulation results are directly applicable to similarly scaled viscous-dominated systems at the reservoir scale. Some analysis is also presented of the mechanism of disruption of slugs by viscous fingering in layered systems.
Real-time occupancy based HVAC control using interval type-2 fuzzy logic system in intelligent buildings (2017)

Centrally air conditioned large buildings have been the recent trend for malls, exhibition halls, business parks, and so on. In these high-rise buildings, the intelligent control provides energy efficient means for comfort, safety, and security. Real-time occupancy-based control for HVAC is greatly contributing to energy savings, in addition to the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions, the carbon footprint. This paper proposes an improved architecture using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Logic System (IT2FLS) for adaptive control of multi-zone shared spaces in intelligent buildings in respect of user comfort and energy efficiency for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning. The objective is the improvement in occupant comfort levels. From the simulation results obtained the suitability of IT2FLS to handle the uncertainties related to dynamically varying occupancy patterns is illustrated. Work can be extended to develop a cognitive controller for reducing the dependency on the operator skills for optimized high level control settings.
Synthesis of Pyridazine-Based Scaffolds as α-Helix Mimetics (2007)

The synthesis of several amphiphilic, nonpeptidic scaffolds that mimic the presentation of i, i + 3 or i + 4, and i + 7 residues of a peptide alpha-helix is described. The approach uses a pyridazine core, and the synthesis involves only a few steps and minimizes the number of C-C bond-forming reactions. The versatility of the synthesis makes it suitable for the preparation of small libraries of low molecular weight alpha-helix mimetics that could be targeted to certain protein/protein interactions.
Using triple gamma coincidences with a pixelated semiconductor Compton-PET scanner: a simulation study (2016)

The Voxel Imaging PET (VIP) Pathfinder project presents a novel design using pixelated semiconductor detectors for nuclear medicine applications to achieve the intrinsic image quality limits set by physics. The conceptual design can be extended to a Compton gamma camera. The use of a pixelated CdTe detector with voxel sizes of 1 × 1 × 2 mm3 guarantees optimal energy and spatial resolution. However, the limited time resolution of semiconductor detectors makes it impossible to use Time Of Flight (TOF) with VIP PET. TOF is used in order to improve the signal to noise ratio (SNR) by using only the most probable portion of the Line-Of-Response (LOR) instead of its entire length. To overcome the limitation of CdTe time resolution, we present in this article a simulation study using β+-γ emitting isotopes with a Compton-PET scanner. When the β+ annihilates with an electron it produces two gammas which produce a LOR in the PET scanner, while the additional gamma, when scattered in the scatter detector, provides a Compton cone that intersects with the aforementioned LOR. The intersection indicates, within a few mm of uncertainty along the LOR, the origin of the beta-gamma decay. Hence, one can limit the part of the LOR used by the image reconstruction algorithm.