gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of 2‐<i>N</i>‐oleoylamino‐octadecane‐1,3‐diol: a new ceramide highly effective for the treatment of skin and hair (1995)

Synopsis 2-N-Oleoylamino-octadecane-1,3-diol is a new synthetic ceramide. The process enables a four-step preparation of 2-amino-octadecane-1,3-diol (D,L-erythro/threo) and a five-step synthesis of 2-N-oleoylamino-octadecane-1,3-diol (D,L-erythro/threo). The latter compound is related to ceramide 2 according to the classification of Downing. This route of synthesis is rapid, reproducible and uses low-cost starting materials. The new ceramide was analysed as follows: (1)H, (13)C, (15)N NMR spectra afforded an unambiguous characterization of the structure; additionally, these three methods identified the threo and erythro isomers. (1)H and (13)C NMR permitted the measurement of the threo/erythro ratio (26.6/73.4 and 25.5/74.5, respectively). Chemical ionization mass spectrometry confirmed the expected mass of the pseudo-molecular ion (m/z= 566.5: [M + H](+)) as well as the presence of different chain lengths other than the oleic moiety due to the fatty acid composition of the technical grade oleic acid used for the synthesis. Capillary gas chromatography measured the threo/erythro ratio (23.5/76.5) which agrees with the (1)H and (13)C NMR data. Moreover, this method afforded the relative distribution of the different N-acylated chains. The properties of the new synthetic ceramide for the treatment of skin and hair were mainly assessed by two in vitro methods. The first measured the flux of water through lipid-extracted stratum corneum. The described ceramide showed high efficacy in decreasing water loss. The second recorded the friction coefficient of different types of hair: virgin, permanent-waved, and bleached. Treatment by the ceramide led to a strong decrease in this coefficient. This was particularly observed on unrinsed hair. These findings suggest two potential fields of application and beneficial contribution for the new ceramide: repairing the barrier to transepidermal water loss, and improving the surface properties of hair. Synthèse du 2-N-oleoylamino-octadécane-1,3-diol: nouveau céramide à haut potentiel dans le soin de la peau et du cheveu.
An experimental evaluation of partitioning algorithms (2002)

Presents an experimental evaluation of partitioning algorithms to supplement the work done by D.S. Johnson, et al. (1989). MCNC test-cases are used as part of the test beds. A two-level partitioning algorithm is proposed whose performance exceeds that of the algorithm by C.M. Fiduccia, R.M. Mattheyses (1982) on real circuitry by as much as 28%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dominance Product and High-Dimensional Closest Pair under L_infty (2017)

Given a set $S$ of $n$ points in \\mathbb{R}^d, the Closest Pair problem is to find a pair of distinct points in S at minimum distance. \nWhen d is constant, there are efficient algorithms that solve this problem, and fast approximate solutions for general d.\nHowever, obtaining an exact solution in very high dimensions seems to be much less understood.\nWe consider the high-dimensional L_\\infty Closest Pair problem, where d=n^r for some r > 0, and the underlying metric is L_\\infty. \n\nWe improve and simplify previous results for L_\\infty Closest Pair, showing that it can be solved by a deterministic strongly-polynomial algorithm that runs in O(DP(n,d)\\log n) time, and by a randomized algorithm that runs in O(DP(n,d)) expected time, where DP(n,d) is the time bound for computing the dominance product for n points in \\mathbb{R}^d.\nThat is a matrix D, such that\nD[i,j] = \\bigl| \\{k \\mid p_i[k] \\leq p_j[k]\\} \\bigr|; this is the number of coordinates at which p_j dominates p_i.\nFor integer coordinates from some interval [-M, M], we obtain an algorithm that runs in \\tilde{O}\\left(\\min\\{Mn^{\\omega(1,r,1)},\\, DP(n,d)\\}\\right) time, where \\omega(1,r,1) is the exponent of multiplying an n \\times n^r matrix by an n^r \\times n matrix.\n\nWe also give slightly better bounds for DP(n,d), by using more recent rectangular matrix multiplication bounds.\nComputing the dominance product itself is an important task, since it is applied in many algorithms as a major black-box ingredient, such as algorithms for APBP (all pairs bottleneck paths),\nand variants of APSP (all pairs shortest paths).
Effects of Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation Plus Thymus Transplantation on Malignant Tumors: Comparison Between Fetal, Newborn, and Adult Mice (2010)

We have recently shown that allogeneic intrabone marrow-bone marrow transplantation + adult thymus transplantation (TT) is effective for hosts with malignant tumors. However, since thymic and hematopoietic cell functions differ with age, the most effective age for such intervention needed to be determined. We performed hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) using the intrabone marrow method with or without TT from fetal, newborn, and adult B6 mice (H-2(b)) into BALB/c mice (H-2(d)) bearing Meth-A sarcoma (H-2(d)). The mice treated with all types of HSCT + TT showed more pronounced regression and longer survival than those treated with HSCT alone in all age groups. Those treated with HSCT + TT showed increased numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells but decreased numbers of Gr-1/Mac-1 myeloid suppressor cells and decreased percentages of FoxP3 cells in CD4(+) T cells, compared with those treated with HSCT alone. In all mice, those treated with fetal liver cell (as fetal HSCs) transplantation + fetal TT or with newborn liver cell (as newborn HSCs) transplantation (NLT) + newborn TT (NTT) showed the most regression, and the latter showed the longest survival. The number of Gr-1/Mac-1 cells was the lowest, whereas the percentage of CD62L(-)CD44(+) effector memory T cells and the production of interferon γ (IFN-γ) were highest in the mice treated with NLT + NTT. These findings indicate that, at any age, HSCT + TT is more effective against cancer than HSCT alone and that NLT + NTT is most effective.
iPoint: A Platform-Independent Passive Information Kiosk for Cell Phones (2010)

We introduce iPoint, a passive device that can interact and deliver information to virtually any mobile phone equipped with a WiFi network interface and a camera. The iPoint does not need any battery but harvests energy from the phone WiFi transmissions. The iPoint delivers information to the mobile phone through a low power LCD display that can be captured and processed by a software application. We introduce a mechanism of Packet Width Modulation (PWM) to encode the phone requests in the length of WiFi packets. This allows the use of phones not equipped with RFID readers, and still allows the ultralow power microcontroller to decode the information. In this paper, we describe the architecture of iPoint, discuss the design choices of each component, and report on the experimental evaluation of our prototype. Various RadioFrequency energy harvesters are discussed and a WiFi tailored, modified Greinacher voltage multiplier, a highly efficient parallel full-wave rectifier, is designed, prototyped and fully characterized. It features an energy-harvesting efficiency of up to 72% and collecting up to 2.5 mW from a phone WiFi transmission. An ultralow-power micro-controller with LCD capability (TI MSP430F417) is optimized, and customized to interface with our RF Front End (RF-FE). A PWM demodulator is designed, as an integral part of the energy-harvester, and interfaced with the microcontroller. Finally, the mobile phone application for decoding the LCD output is presented. The evaluation is based on actual measurements carried on the third generation of prototypes we built.
Application of macroscopic balances to the identification of gross measurement errors (1983)

A systematic method is presented which is capable of both detecting the presence of grossly biased measurement errors and locating the source of these errors in a bioreactor through statistical hypothesis testing. Equality constraints derived from material and energy balances are employed for the detection of data inconsistencies and for the subsequent identification of the suspect measurements by a process of data analysis and rectification. Maximum likelihood techniques are applied to the estimation of the states and parameters of the bioreactor after the suspect measurements have been eliminated. The level of significance is specified by the experimenter while the measurments are assumed to be randomly, normally distributed with zero mean and known variances. Two different approaches of data analysis, batchwise and sequential, that lead to a consistent set of adjustments on the experimental values, are discussed. Several examples based on the fermentation data taken from literature sources are presented to demonstrate the utility of the proposed method, and one set of data is solved numerically to illustrate the computational aspect of the algorithm.
How does plasmid DNA penetrate cell membranes in artificial transformation process of<i>Escherichia coli?</i> (2008)

Artificial transformation of Escherichia coli with plasmid DNA in presence of CaCl2 is a widely used technique in recombinant DNA technology. However, exact mechanism of DNA transfer across cell membranes is largely obscure. In this study, measurements of both steady state and time-resolved anisotropies of fluorescent dye trimethyl ammonium diphenyl hexatriene (TMA-DPH), bound to cellular outer membrane, indicated heat-pulse (0 degrees C42 degrees C) step of the standard transformation procedure had lowered considerably outer membrane fluidity of cells. The decrease in fluidity was caused by release of lipids from cell surface to extra-cellular medium. A subsequent cold-shock (42 degrees C0 degrees C) to the cells raised the fluidity further to its original value and this was caused by release of membrane proteins to extra-cellular medium. When the cycle of heat-pulse and cold-shock steps was repeated, more release of lipids and proteins respectively had taken place, which ultimately enhanced transformation efficiency gradually up to third cycle. Study of competent cell surface by atomic force microscope showed release of lipids had formed pores on cell surface. Moreover, the heat-pulse step almost depolarized cellular inner membrane. In this communication, we propose heat-pulse step had two important roles on DNA entry: (a) Release of lipids and consequent formation of pores on cell surface, which helped DNA to cross outer membrane barrier, and (b) lowering of membrane potential, which facilitated DNA to cross inner membrane of E. coli.
Graphical Symbol Recognition (2015)

This article focuses on graphical symbol recognition, one of the key issues in document image processing. Graphical symbol recognition is a sub‐field of a larger research domain: pattern recognition. The domain covers several approaches (such as statistical, structural and syntactic) and specially designed symbol recognition techniques inspired by real‐world industrial problems. The article overviews research problems, state‐of‐the‐art methods that convey basic steps as well as prominent concepts, techniques, and research directions that are associated with graphical symbol recognition.
Pathogenesis of Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage in Murine Lupus (2017)

The pathogenesis of DAH involves opsonization of dead cells by natural IgM and complement followed by complement receptor-mediated lung inflammation. The disease is macrophage dependent, and IL-10 is protective. Complement inhibition and/or macrophage-targeted therapies may reduce mortality in lupus-associated DAH.
Five Years' Experience with Bone‐Anchored Auricular Prostheses (1985)

A prosthetic device might be indicated in craniofacial reconstruction when plastic surgery is impossible or when the final cosmetic result is unsatisfactory. However, the attachment of a prosthesis is often very difficult. Bone-anchored, skin-penetrating titanium implants have been used for retention of auricular prostheses in 38 patients. The patients have been followed up for 1 to 5 years. No patient has been lost to follow-up. Only 1 implant out of the 159 inserted was found to have failed to integrate. Two skin-penetrating abutments have been removed because of inflammation where they penetrated the skin. The surgical procedure as well as the manufacture of the prostheses and the attachment is presented in detail.
Resistance mechanisms to topoisomerase poisons: the application of cell culture methods. (1992)

A survey is presented of two types of resistance to drugs acting on cellular topoisomerase enzymes, that occurring by altered drug transport and that occurring by altered target interaction. Particular attention is paid to the use of pairs of diagnostic drugs, one susceptible and one refractory to a particular resistance mechanism, in the determination of such resistance in cultured cells. Two pairs of drugs, each including the antitumor agent amsacrine, are used in the analysis of a number of cell lines. Also it is suggested that some normal hemopoietic precursor cells may exhibit two types of multidrug resistance, and that this should be taken into account in determining selectivity of topoisomerase-directed drugs for tumor cells.
Dual-wavelength heterodyne differential interferometer for high-precision measurements of reflective aspherical surfaces and step heights (1996)

A dual-wavelength heterodyne differential interferometer was developed and tested together with scanning mechanics. To extend the range of unambiguity, two wavelengths were applied. This is important for measuring structures with surface discontinuities (reliefs, steps). The automatic adjustment of the interferometer with respect to the rotational symmetrical measuring surfaces (aspheres) is important. An adjustment is needed to scan the asphere through its vertex. Typical measurements on a sphere, an asphere, and steps are shown.
Platelet activation by thrombin in the absence of the high-affinity thrombin receptor (1988)

The receptor status of the moderate-affinity platelet binding site for alpha-thrombin has been established by treating platelets with Serratia marcescens protease under conditions causing cleavage of 95-97% glycoprotein Ib (2.5 micrograms for 30 min). High-affinity binding was lost under these conditions, but the platelets continued to show moderate-affinity binding (Kd1 = 16 +/- 5 nM; 930 +/- 300 sites/platelet) and low-affinity binding (Kd2 = 4.6 +/- 3 microM; 170,000 +/- 90,000 sites/platelet), in good agreement with the values previously obtained for moderate- and low-affinity binding in intact platelets [Harmon, J.T., & Jamieson, G.A. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 15928-15933]. Platelets treated with Serratia protease under these conditions were about 4-fold less sensitive to activation by alpha-thrombin, as measured by serotonin secretion. Crossover studies with analogues showed that binding of alpha-thrombin was compatible by both D-phenyl-alanyl-L-prolyl-L-arginine chloromethyl ketone treated thrombin and N alpha-p-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone treated thrombin, and both analogues were capable of inhibiting activation of Serratia-proteolyzed platelets by alpha-thrombin. These studies establish that the moderate-affinity platelet binding site for alpha-thrombin is a receptor, occupancy of which is required for platelet activation in the absence of the high-affinity receptor.
TopicListener: Observing Key Topics from Multi-channel Speech Audio Streams (2016)

Speech audio often encapsulates huge volumes of information which traditionally has been challenging to mine and analyse using automated methods. For example, call centres often handle many simultaneous telephone conversations between customers and call centre agents where, apart from relying on limited manual reporting by individual call centre agents, the content, themes and topics of the conversations are not analysed in any depth. In recent years there have been significant improvements in both the accuracy and cost of automated speech-to-text transcription technologies which can be applied in the call centre environment. We introduce TopicListener, which combines advanced topic modelling techniques with automatic speech transcription to identify key themes and topics across large volumes of recorded audio conversions as well as providing a novel means to explore and visualise the correlation and evolution of topics over time.
Generation of a Library of Non‐Toxic Quantum Dots for Cellular Imaging and siRNA Delivery (2012)

The development of non-toxic quantum dots and further investigation of their composition-dependent cytotoxicity in a high-throughput manner have been critical challenges for biomedical imaging and gene delivery. Herein, we report a rapid sonochemical synthetic methodology for generating a library of highly biocompatible ZnS-AgInS(2) (ZAIS) quantum dots for cellular imaging and siRNA delivery.
Nursing as normative praxis (2000)

Nursing as normative praxis The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, it introduces a variety of concepts of ‘praxis’, and argues in support of those which reflect the normative dimension of the critical social perspective. This begins with the Aristotelian concept, and moves through a variety of sources, including Hannah Arendt and Paulo Freire, but focuses primarily, and uniquely in the nursing literature, upon the work of the Yugoslavian ‘praxis Marxists’. Second, specific ways of conceiving nursing as praxis are outlined, including political, aesthetic and ethical forms which have immediate import for nurses. The paper concludes with brief suggestions as to how these ways of conceiving praxis may be used by nurses to develop a more intimate and productive understanding of their own practices.
Cross-Linker Effect in ETFE-Based Radiation-Grafted Proton-Conducting Membranes (2008)

Cross-linking of styrene grafted and sulfonated fuel cell membranes is essential to obtain well-performing and durable membranes. In this study, the properties and fuel cell performance of radiation grafted membranes based on poly(ethylene-alt-hexafluoropropylene) (ETFE) (25 <em>μ</em>m) with different extent of cross-linking, using divinylbenzene (DVB) as a comonomer to styrene, were investigated. The water uptake and proton conductivity decrease as a function of increasing the extent of cross-linking. Also, the membranes become more brittle. Fuel cell performance is limited by the high ohmic resistance of the membrane at high degrees of cross-linking, whereas at low degrees of cross-linking the membrane-electrode interface is of poor quality. Optimum performance is obtained at an extent of cross-linking corresponding to a styrene:DVB monomer ratio (v/v) of 95:5 in the grafting solution.
Diffeomorphic Registration of Images with Variable Contrast Enhancement (2010)

Nonrigid image registration is widely used to estimate tissue deformations in highly deformable anatomies. Among the existing methods, nonparametric registration algorithms such as optical flow, or Demons, usually have the advantage of being fast and easy to use. Recently, a diffeomorphic version of the Demons algorithm was proposed. This provides the advantage of producing invertible displacement fields, which is a necessary condition for these to be physical. However, such methods are based on the matching of intensities and are not suitable for registering images with different contrast enhancement. In such cases, a registration method based on the local phase like the Morphons has to be used. In this paper, a diffeomorphic version of the Morphons registration method is proposed and compared to conventional Morphons, Demons, and diffeomorphic Demons. The method is validated in the context of radiotherapy for lung cancer patients on several 4D respiratory-correlated CT scans of the thorax with and without variable contrast enhancement.
Improvements in high‐field localized MRS of the medial temporal lobe in humans using new deformable high‐dielectric materials (2010)

The intrinsic nonuniformities in the transmit radiofrequency field from standard quadrature volume resonators at high field are particularly problematic for localized MRS in areas such as the temporal lobe, where a low signal-to-noise ratio and poor metabolite quantification result from destructive B₁⁺ field interference, in addition to line broadening and signal loss from strong susceptibility gradients. MRS of the temporal lobe has been performed in a number of neurodegenerative diseases at clinical fields, but a relatively low signal-to-noise ratio has prevented the reliable quantification of, for example, glutamate and glutamine, which are thought to play a key role in disease progression. Using a recently developed high-dielectric-constant material placed around the head, localized MRS of the medial temporal lobe using the stimulated echo acquisition mode sequence was acquired at 7 T. The presence of the material increased the signal-to-noise ratio of MRS by a factor of two without significantly reducing the sensitivity in other areas of the brain, as shown by the measured B₁⁺ maps. An increase in the receive sensitivity B₁⁻ was also measured close to the pads. The spectral linewidth of the unsuppressed water peak within the voxel of interest was reduced slightly by the introduction of the dielectric pads (although not to a statistically significant degree), a result confirmed by using a pad composed of lipid. Using LCmodel for quantitative analysis of metabolite concentrations, the increase in signal-to-noise ratio and the slight decrease in spectral linewidth contributed to statistically significant reductions in the Cramer-Rao lower bounds (CRLBs), also allowing the levels of glutamate and glutamine to be quantified with CRLBs below 20%.
Finishing additives in treatments of cotton fabrics for durable press with polycarboxylic acids (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFinishing additives in treatments of cotton fabrics for durable press with polycarboxylic acidsB. A. Kottes Andrews and Billie J. CollierCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1992, 31, 8, 1981–1984Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00008a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00008a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts