gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Hausdorff Distance Used for the Evaluation of Segmentation Results (1998)

RÉSUMÉLes techniques de segmentation d'images sont largement utilisées en télédétection, comme le démontre leur présence dans la plupart des systèmes commerciaux de traitement d'images. Un effort considérable a été consacré au développement d'algorithmes de segmentation, résultant en une profusion de techniques différentes. En comparaison, le nombre d'outils développés pour l'évaluation quantitative des résultats de segmentation demeure très limité. En fait, l'inspection visuelle des résultats est encore considérée par plusieurs comme le test ultime. Dans cet article, nous présentons une nouvelle méthode quantitative d'évaluation de résultats de segmentation d'images. Cette dernière s'appuie sur la distance d'Hausdorff. La méthode est basée sur le degré de coincidence des points de frontières entre les résultats d'une segmentation d'image et une carte de référence. L'utilité de la méthode est illustrée avec un exemple de segmentation tiré de la littérature.
The Stripped Basophil Histamine Release Bioassay as a Tool for the Detection of Allergen-Specific IgE in Serum (2001)

The stripped basophil histamine release bioassay is useful to complement and extend serological detection of allergen-specific IgE. Especially with sera containing IgE against minor components, this assay is more suitable than the RAST. Furthermore, in this assay, the dependency of IgE and of allergen-specific IgE in reactions can be studied in more detail.
AUTOMOBILE NAVIGATION : WHERE IS IT GOING? (1986)

The author examines research underway in Europe, Japan and the United States. Eight pages, 40 references. The article is a good, if brief overview of the status of navigation system research (as of 11/86).
CoveT: a coverage tracker for collision events in system verification (2002)

Hardware escapes in complex ASIC designs are very costly to fix in terms of both money and time. It is therefore necessary for design bugs to be detected and removed as early as possible in the design cycle. One cost-effective way of debugging a design is to simulate a software model of the design. However it has been traditionally difficult to measure how much of the design has been verified and how much simulation is sufficient. In this paper we describe a coverage tool called CoveT that is currently in use for system verification within IBM's RS/6000 Division. The novel idea behind this tool is the area of focus chosen for coverage measurement, viz., concurrent occurrence of multiple events at a given unit that tend to stress the underlying state machines. Our tool is helping us to track the progress of system simulation, uncover areas that are insufficiently stressed, potentially expose complex bugs, and increase the effectiveness of simulation cycles.
Metal-related castability effects in aluminium foundry alloys (1996)

Many foundries have intermittently experienced a major outbreak of casting rejects in which the alloy, although clearly within specification, nevertheless appears to be the primary cause of the problem. Minor changes in metal composition or metal quality can be sufficient to facilitate the formation of casting defects, within normally castable products, even when normal process conditions prevail. In the Al-Si based foundry alloys, the formation of porosity and shrinkage defects is sensitive to both metal composition and metal quality. However, the casting design and the actual processing conditions used can alter the sensitivity of the response to variations occurring within the metal. A number of metal-dependent factors of particular relevance to the castability of aluminium foundry alloys are discussed in this review. These include hydrogen level, oxidation tendency, the presence of inclusions, total volumetric shrinkage, alloy freezing range, dendritic growth conditions (dendrite arm spacing, coherency and grain size), formation of intermetallic phases, interdendritic feedability and the mode of eutectic solidification. The review also considers the sources of impurities found in aluminium alloys.
A Fiber Optic Biosensor for Uric Acid Based on Immobilized Enzymes (1996)

Abstract A simplified enzyme based fiber optic uric acid biosensor is reported. It is constructed by coimmobilizing uricase and horseradish peroxidase [HRP] to bovine albumin via glutaraldehyde. A new fluorimetric substrate, thiamine, is used to indicate the sensing process. Under optimized conditions, the linear range of uric acid concentration is 0.5 to 5.0 ug/mL with a correlation coefficient of 0.997, and the detection limit is 0.15 ug/mL with excellent reversibility and stability. The sensor can be used at least two months at room temperature. It is possibly to determine uric acid directly in serum and urine samples with satisfactory results.
Snap-dragging (1986)

We are interested in the problem of making precise line drawings using interactive computer graphics. In precise line drawings, specific relationships are expected to hold between points and lines. In published interactive drawing systems, precise relationships have been achieved by using rectangular grids or by solving simultaneous equations (constraints). The availability of fast display hardware and plentiful computational power suggest that we should take another look at the ruler and compass techniques traditionally used by draftsmen. Snap-dragging uses the ruler and compass metaphor to help the user place his next point with precision, and uses heuristics to automatically place guiding lines and circles that are likely to help the user construct each shape. Snap-dragging also provides translation, rotation, and scaling operations that take advantage of the precision placement capability. We show that snap-dragging compares favorably in power and ease of use with grid or constraint techniques.
Kinetics of excited-state proton transfer in double benzoxazoles: 2,5-bis(2-benzoxazolyl)-4-methoxyphenol (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of excited-state proton transfer in double benzoxazoles: 2,5-bis(2-benzoxazolyl)-4-methoxyphenolAndrzej Mordzinski and Wolfgang KuehnleCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 7, 1455–1458Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100398a047https://doi.org/10.1021/j100398a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations52LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Regulation of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase in human hepatoma cell line Hep G2. Effects of inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis on enzyme activity (1987)

Incubating Hep G2 cells for 18 h with triparanol, buthiobate and low concentrations (less than 0.5 microM) of U18666A, inhibitors of desmosterol delta 24-reductase, of lanosterol 14 alpha-demethylase and of squalene-2,3-epoxide cyclase (EC 5.4.99.7) respectively, resulted in a decrease of the HMG-CoA (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A) reductase activity. However, U18666A at concentrations higher than 3 microM increased the HMG-CoA reductase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. None of these inhibitors influenced directly the reductase activity in Hep G2 cell homogenates. Analysis by t.l.c. of 14C-labelled non-saponifiable lipids formed from either [14C]acetate or [14C]mevalonate during the cell incubations confirmed the sites of action of the drugs used. Beside the 14C-labelled substrates of the blocked enzymes and 14C-labelled cholesterol, another non-saponifiable lipid fraction was observed, which behaves as polar sterols on t.l.c. This was the case with triparanol and at those concentrations of U18666A that decreased the reductase activity, suggesting that polar sterols may play a role in suppressing the reductase activity. In the presence of 30 microM-U18666A (sterol formation blocked) the increase produced by simultaneously added compactin could be prevented by addition of mevalonate. This indicates the existence of a non-sterol mevalonate-derived effector in addition to a sterol-dependent regulation. LDL (low-density lipoprotein), which was shown to be able to decrease the compactin-induced increase in reductase activity, could not prevent the U18666A-induced increase. On the contrary, LDL enhanced the U18666A effect, showing that the LDL regulation is not merely the result of introducing cholesterol to the cells.
SOS CMOS 16 bit Parallel Multiplier (1981)

A high performance 16 by 16 bit parallel multiplier is presented, which features SOS CMOS configuration. Maximum multiplying time and average power are 65 ns and 250 mW (VDD=5 V), respectively. The SOS CMOS multiplier shows the best powerdelay product, compared with other device-configuration multipliers reported. This performance can be accurately reproduced by circuit simulation without including parasitic capacitance. Through this experimental study, the SOS CMOS advantage for logic LSI application was confirmed.
THE ORIGIN OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS IN INTESTINAL SECRETION OF SHEEP (1974)

Summary Studies were made on the origin and mechanism of transfer of IgG 1 , IgG 2 , IgA and IgM into the secretion of isolated loops of jejunum of unanaesthetized sheep. IgA was the major immunoglobulin in intestinal secretion, although considerable quantities of IgG 1 and IgG 2 were also present. Secretion: serum radioactivity ratios for IgG 1 and IgG 2 were similar, indicating that they were transferred into intestinal secretion with equal facility. Specific radioactivities of the various immunoglobulins in serum and secretion were compared and the results suggested that all the IgG 2 and most of the IgG 1 were derived from blood plasma, whereas only a trivial amount of the IgA was plasma‐derived. The slow equilibration of IgM, together with its relatively short biological ‘half‐life', prevented accurate assessment of plasma contribution of this immunoglobulin.
Homocysteine Increases Tau Phosphorylation, Truncation and Oligomerization (2018)

Increased plasma homocysteinemia is considered a risk factor of dementia, including Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia. However, the reason elevated plasma homocysteinemia increases the risk of dementia remains unknown. A pathological hallmark of AD is neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) that consist of pathologically phosphorylated tau proteins. The effect of homocysteine (Hcy) on tau aggregation was explored using human neuroblastoma M1C cells that constitutively express human wild-type tau (4R0N) under the control of a tetracycline off system, primary mouse cultured neurons, and by inducing hyperhomocysteinemia in a mouse model of tauopathy (HHCy mice). A wide range of Hcy concentrations (10-1000 µM) increased total tau and phosphorylated tau protein levels. Hcy activated glycogen synthase kinase 3, and cyclin dependent kinase 5, major tau phosphokinases, and inactivated protein phosphatase 2A, a main tau phosphatase. Hcy exhibited cytotoxic effects associated with enhanced activation of caspase. Truncation of tau in the C-terminus, the cleavage site of caspase 3 (i.e., D421, detected by the TauC3 antibody) was also increased. Total tau, phosphorylated tau, as well as C-terminal cleaved tau were increased in the sarkosyl insoluble tau fraction. Hcy also increased the level of tau oligomers, as indicated by the tau oligomer complex 1 (TOC1) antibody that specifically identifies oligomeric tau species, in the tris insoluble, sarkosyl soluble fraction. The levels of TOC1-positive oligomeric tau were increased in brain lysates from HHCy mice, and treating HHCy mice with S-adenosylmethionine, an intermediate of Hcy, reduced the levels of oligomeric tau to control levels. These observations suggest that Hcy increases the levels of phosphorylated tau as well as truncated tau species via caspase 3 activation, and enhanced tau oligomerization and aggregation.
Innovative Methane Conversion Technology Using Atmospheric Pressure Non-thermal Plasma (2011)

Non-thermal plasma assisted methane reforming is reviewed. Plasma catalysis is one of the innovative next generation green technologies that may meet the needs for energy and materials conservation as well as environmental protection. Non-thermal plasma uniquely generates reactive species independently of reaction temperature, and these species are used to initiate chemical reactions at unexpectedly lower temperatures than normal thermochemical reactions. Non-thermal plasma thus broadens the operation window of existing chemical conversion processes, and ultimately allows modification of the process parameters to minimize energy and material consumption. The general aspects of plasma assisted fuel reforming including arc plasma to non-thermal plasma are described. We specifically focus on dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) as one of the viable non-thermal plasma sources for practical fuel reforming. Two contrasting approaches of DBD-oriented plasma catalysis of methane are introduced: (1) Low temperature (300-500°C) methane steam reforming using a plasma-catalyst hybrid reactor, and (2) Room temperature direct methane conversion to methanol using a microplasma reactor. The practical background and unique characteristics of each application such as the plasma-catalyst synergistic effect and highly non-equilibrium product distribution are explained.
Suitability of high pressure-homogenized milk for the production of probiotic fermented milk containing <i>Lactobacillus paracasei</i> and <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> (2009)

High pressure homogenization (HPH) is one of the most promising alternatives to traditional thermal treatment for food preservation and diversification. In order to evaluate its potential for the production of fermented milks carrying probiotic bacteria, four types of fermented milks were manufactured from HPH treated and heat treated (HT) milk with and without added probiotics. Microbiological, physicochemical and organoleptic analyses were carried out during the refrigerated period (35 d at 4 degrees C). HPH application to milk did not modify the viability of the probiotic cultures but did increase the cell loads of the starter cultures (ca. 1 log order) compared with traditional products. The coagula from HPH-milk was significantly more compacted (P<0.05) (higher firmness) than that obtained with HT-milk, and it had the highest values of consistency, cohesiveness and viscosity indexes compared with fermented milks produced without HPH treatment. All the samples received high sensory analysis scores for each descriptor considered. HPH treatment of milk can potentially diversify the market for probiotic fermented milks, especially in terms of texture parameters.
Extending the Soar Cognitive Architecture (2007)

One approach in pursuit of general intelligent agents has been to concentrate on the underlying cognitive architecture, of which Soar is a prime example. In the past, Soar has relied on a minimal number of architectural modules together with purely symbolic representations of knowledge. This paper presents the cognitive architecture approach to general intelligence and the traditional, symbolic Soar architecture. This is followed by major additions to Soar: non-symbolic representations, new learning mechanisms, and long-term memories.
Independent genesis of chimeric TRIM5-cyclophilin proteins in two primate species (2008)

The host range of retroviruses is influenced by antiviral proteins such as TRIM5, a restriction factor that recognizes and inactivates incoming retroviral capsids. Remarkably, in Owl monkeys (omk), a cyclophilin A (CypA) cDNA has been transposed into the TRIM5 locus, resulting in the expression of a TRIM5-CypA fusion protein (TRIMCyp) that restricts retroviral infection based on the retroviral capsid-binding specificity of CypA. Here, we report that the seemingly improbable genesis of TRIMCyp has, in fact, occurred twice, and pigtailed macaques (pgt) express an independently generated TRIMCyp protein. The omkTRIMCyp and pgtTRIMCyp proteins restrict infection by several lentiviruses, but their specificities are distinguishable. Surprisingly, pgtTRIMCyp cannot bind to or restrict HIV-1 capsids as a consequence of a point mutation close to the Cyp:capsid-binding interface that was acquired during or after transposition of pgtCypA. However, the same mutation confers on pgtTRIMCyp the ability to restrict FIV in the presence of cyclosporin A, a drug that normally abolishes the interaction between pgtTRIMCyp or omkTRIMCyp and lentiviral capsids. Overall, an intuitively unlikely evolutionary event has, in fact, occurred at least twice in primates and represents a striking example of convergent evolution in divergent species.
A Dictionary of Affect in Language: IV. Reliability, Validity, and Applications (1986)

The 1984 Dictionary of Affect in Language by Sweeney and Whisseli includes more than 4,000 words which have been rated along the bipolar affective dimensions of Evaluation and Activation. A series of three experiments was conducted to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Dictionary and to improve its reliability by the inclusion of additional ratings. Exp. I, II, and III demonstrate the reliability of the Dictionary values and provide evidence of concurrent validity. A further series of three experiments (IV, V, VI) was designed to apply the Dictionary as a tool for assessing or preselecting the affective tone of words. Success (as defined by significant effects) is associated with the use of the Dictionary in choosing words for a verbal learning experiment (IV) and its use to score freely produced self-descriptive word lists (V) and the description of famous media characters (VI).
High Throughput Screening of CO<sub>2</sub> Solubility in Aqueous Monoamine Solutions (2011)

Post-combustion Carbon Capture and Storage technology (CCS) is viewed as an efficient solution to reduce CO(2) emissions of coal-fired power stations. In CCS, an aqueous amine solution is commonly used as a solvent to selectively capture CO(2) from the flue gas. However, this process generates additional costs, mostly from the reboiler heat duty required to release the carbon dioxide from the loaded solvent solution. In this work, we present thermodynamic results of CO(2) solubility in aqueous amine solutions from a 6-reactor High Throughput Screening (HTS) experimental device. This device is fully automated and designed to perform sequential injections of CO(2) within stirred-cell reactors containing the solvent solutions. The gas pressure within each reactor is monitored as a function of time, and the resulting transient pressure curves are transformed into CO(2) absorption isotherms. Solubility measurements are first performed on monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, and methyldiethanolamine aqueous solutions at T = 313.15 K. Experimental results are compared with existing data in the literature to validate the HTS device. In addition, a comprehensive thermodynamic model is used to represent CO(2) solubility variations in different classes of amine structures upon a wide range of thermodynamic conditions. This model is used to fit the experimental data and to calculate the cyclic capacity, which is a key parameter for CO(2) process design. Solubility measurements are then performed on a set of 50 monoamines and cyclic capacities are extracted using the thermodynamic model, to asses the potential of these molecules for CO(2) capture.
The Influence Explorer (video)---a tool for design (1996)

No abstract available.
A new electric field effect in silicon solar cells (1973)

The phenomenon of high-resistivity silicon solar cells manifesting high open-circuit voltages previously observed only for cells made from low-resistivity silicon is shown to be caused by the presence of a shallow diffused region at the back surface of the cell. The basic cell structure is either n+, p, p+ or p+, n, n+. The high open-circuit voltage arises from the injection and accumulation of excess majority carriers in the bulk upon illumination or application of forward bias to the structure. A working model for the cell, designated a back surface field (BSF) cell, is described, and recent developments are cited.
α-Imino Esters:  Versatile Substrates for the Catalytic, Asymmetric Synthesis of α- and β-Amino Acids and β-Lactams (2002)

The catalytic asymmetric addition of organic nucleophiles to alpha-imino esters has emerged as one of the most promising and intensely investigated routes to optically enriched alpha- and beta-amino acid derivatives and beta-lactams. The importance of alpha-imino esters stems not only from the vast appeal of the potential product classes,(1) but also from their remarkable reactivity as highly electrophilic imines. With each passing year, the number of publications concerning the asymmetric alkylation of imino esters grows significantly. The asymmetric alkylation of imines(2) and N,O-acetals has been in itself a subject of intense interest.(3) In this Account, we wish to illustrate our contribution to this timely field, as well as to highlight the seminal contributions of others.
Role of the GRO family of chemokines in monocyte adhesion to MM-LDL-stimulated endothelium. (1994)

We have previously shown that treatment of endothelial cells with minimally modified LDL (MM-LDL) induces the binding of monocytes to unknown endothelial receptor molecules. We now report that a member of the GRO family of chemokines plays a role in MM-LDL-induced monocyte binding. A cDNA library made from rabbit aortic endothelial cells (RAEC) treated with MM-LDL was expression screened for molecules inducing binding of a human monocyte cell line (THP-1). A cDNA was isolated with 75% homology to GRO. GRO mRNA levels were significantly elevated after exposure of RAEC or human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) to MM-LDL. HAEC treated with MM-LDL displayed an increase in a surface-associated protein that bound to antibody against GRO despite low levels of GRO in the medium. Antibody to GRO significantly inhibited the binding of monocytes to MM-LDL-treated RAEC and HAEC. The increase in GRO expression and monocyte binding were reduced by incubating MM-LDL-treated endothelial cells with heparin (in a method that releases heparan sulfate bound molecules from the cell surface). These results suggest that GRO related chemokines are bound to the surface of MM-LDL-treated endothelial cells and may contribute to the monocyte adhesion induced by MM-LDL.