gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An ultra low-power processor for sensor networks (2004)

We present a novel processor architecture designed specifically for use in low-power wireless sensor-network nodes. Our sensor network asynchronous processor (SNAP/LE) is based on an asynchronous data-driven 16-bit RISC core with an extremely low-power idle state, and a wakeup response latency on the order of tens of nanoseconds. The processor instruction set is optimized for sensor-network applications, with support for event scheduling, pseudo-random number generation, bitfield operations, and radio/sensor interfaces. SNAP/LE has a hardware event queue and event coprocessors, which allow the processor to avoid the overhead of operating system software (such as task schedulers and external interrupt servicing), while still providing a straightforward programming interface to the designer. The processor can meet performance levels required for data monitoring applications while executing instructions with tens of picojoules of energy.We evaluate the energy consumption of SNAP/LE with several applications representative of the workload found in data-gathering wireless sensor networks. We compare our architecture and software against existing platforms for sensor networks, quantifying both the software and hardware benefits of our approach.
Carbon nitride deposited using energetic species: A review on XPS studies (1998)

This paper reviews x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies on carbon nitride (CN) and reports on results obtained from CN thin films prepared by mass selected ion-beam deposition. The core-level spectra of samples deposited at room temperature show that nitrogen is incorporated into the amorphous network in two different bonding configurations; carbon has three main bonding configurations whose relative contributions vary as a function of the nitrogen content. For samples deposited at elevated temperatures an ordering of the amorphous CN network towards a crystalline graphitelike structure is observed. Furthermore, both deposition at elevated temperatures (350 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C) and post-deposition ion irradiation have a strong influence on the bonding configuration in the CN films. Based on these results and the results reported in the reviewed literature a picture of the microstructure of carbon nitride deposited using energetic species is developed.
Recognition of Visual Speech Elements Using Adaptively Boosted Hidden Markov Models (2004)

The performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) system can be significantly enhanced with additional information from visual speech elements such as the movement of lips, tongue, and teeth, especially under noisy environment. In this paper, a novel approach for recognition of visual speech elements is presented. The approach makes use of adaptive boosting (AdaBoost) and hidden Markov models (HMMs) to build an AdaBoost-HMM classifier. The composite HMMs of the AdaBoost-HMM classifier are trained to cover different groups of training samples using the AdaBoost technique and the biased Baum-Welch training method. By combining the decisions of the component classifiers of the composite HMMs according to a novel probability synthesis rule, a more complex decision boundary is formulated than using the single HMM classifier. The method is applied to the recognition of the basic visual speech elements. Experimental results show that the AdaBoost-HMM classifier outperforms the traditional HMM classifier in accuracy, especially for visemes extracted from contexts.
Air Agitation for Electrodeposition Processes—I Agitation Review (1994)

SUMMARYA detailed review of the theory and use of air bubble agitation in electrodeposition is presented as the basis of an experimental study. Emphasis has been made on provision of a systematic means of analysis of agitation and identification of the main process variables which need to be measured and controlled.
Threshold Voltage Shift of Amorphous Silicon Thin-Film Transistors During Pulse Operation (1991)

The threshold voltage shift of amorphous silicon thin film transistors (TFT's) under pulse operation is discussed. The stress time, stress voltage, duty ratio and frequency dependence of the shift have been measured. A positive voltage stress causes a constant shift, when the frequency is in the range from DC to over 100 kHz. On the other hand, the shift under a negative pulse stress depends on its repetition frequency and its pulse width and can be described by an equivalent circuit model. Based on these data, a more reliable estimate of the long-term reliability of an amorphous silicon TFT panel has been realized.
Design and characteristics of reverse conducting 10-kV-IGCTs (2008)

The integration of a 10-kV-IGCT and a fast diode in one press pack is a very attractive solution for Medium Voltage Converters in a voltage range of 6 kV – 7.2 kV if the converter power rating does not exceed about 5 – 6 MVA. This paper describes the design and characterization of the world first reverse conducting 68mm 10-kV-IGCTs. On-state-, blocking and switching behaviour of different IGCT and diode samples are investigated experimentally. The experimental results clearly show, that 10-kV-RC-IGCTs are an attractive power semiconductor for 6 – 7.2 kV Medium Voltage Converters.
Multiphoton multifocal microscopy exploiting a diffractive optical element (2003)

Multiphoton multifocal microscopy (MMM) usually has been achieved through a combination of galvo scanners with microlens arrays, with rotating disks of microlens arrays, and cascaded beam splitters with asynchronous rastering of scanning mirrors. Here we describe the achievement of a neat and compact MMM by use of a high-diffraction-efficiency diffractive-optic element that generates a multiple-spot grid of uniform intensity to achieve higher fidelity in imaging of live cells at adequate speeds.
Demonstration of different forms of the anti-inflammatory proteins lipocortin-1 and Clara cell protein-16 in human nasal and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (1999)

The anti-inflammatory proteins lipocortin-1 and Clara cell protein-16 (CC-16) were studied in two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) protein patterns of human nasal lavage fluids (NLFs) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluids (BALFs). Seven forms of lipocortin-1 were detected with Western immunoblots: three isoforms with an apparently normal Mr of 38 kDa and pI of 5.9, 6.0 and 6.1, and four truncated variants with pI/kDa 6.0/36, 6.4/36, 7.0/33, and 7.4/34. Four 6 kDa isoforms of CC-16 were found with pI 4.6, 4.8, 4.9, and 5.2. Lipocortin-1 and CC-16 were expressed in all individuals tested although not all variants were found in each individual. The overall levels of lipocortin-1 were higher in BALF than NLF and there were significant differences in the distribution of the different lipocortin-1 forms between BALFs and NLFs. One patient with occupational asthma and four children with rhinitis had increased levels of one of the truncated lipocortin-1 forms in NLF (pI/kDa: 7.4/34) and decreased levels of the major CC-16 form (pI/kDa: 4.8/6). The levels of CC-16 but not of lipocortin-1 were higher in BALF from smokers than from nonsmokers. These results indicate that the levels of lipocortin-1 and CC-16 in NLF and BALF may be altered in inflammatory airway disorders. Furthermore, the identification of different forms of the two proteins makes possible more detailed studies on the role of these proteins in inflammatory disease processes and anti-inflammatory therapies.
A software architecture modeling tool (2009)

A key aspect of the design of any software system is its architecture. An architecture description provides a formal model of the architecture in terms of components and connectors and how they are composed together. COSA (Component-Object based Software Structures), is based on object-oriented modeling and component-based modeling. The model improves the reusability by increasing extensibility, evolvability, and compositionality of the software systems. This paper presents the COSA modelling tool which help architects the possibility to verify the structural coherence of a given system and to validate its semantics with COSA approach.
Hydrogen Leak Detection Method Derived using DCOV Methodology (2008)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe, accounting for more than 90% of the molecules and more than 75% of the mass [<span class="xref">1</span>]. However, due to the small molecule size and high buoyancy, it is not available in it's free form on Earth. In recent years, hydrogen has gained the attention of the automotive industry [<span class="xref">2</span>, <span class="xref">3</span>, <span class="xref">4</span>, <span class="xref">5</span>, <span class="xref">6</span>, <span class="xref">7</span>, <span class="xref">8</span>, <span class="xref">9</span>, <span class="xref">10</span>, <span class="xref">11</span> and <span class="xref">12</span>] as an environmentally friendly alternative fuel.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As a fuel, hydrogen is unique - it is odorless, colorless, tasteless, and burns invisibly in sunlight. Detection solutions such as the odorants used in natural gas are not yet feasible for automotive hydrogen because the available additives can poison the fuel cell catalyst. Additionally, the lower flammability limit of hydrogen is lower, and the flammability range wider, than fuels such as gasoline. For these reasons, hydrogen leaks must be detected reliably so that appropriate action can be taken [<span class="xref">13</span>].</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Placing hydrogen sensors in areas of potential accumulation is presently the most widely used solution for detecting hydrogen leaks in vehicle applications. However, cost, sensitivity to environmental factors, and reliability concerns are driving leak-detection alternatives that do not require chemical sensors. Ford Motor Company, in cooperation with Daimler and NuCellSys, has implemented a control strategy utilizing pressure decay measurements inside the hydrogen system to identify leaks. Although this strategy has shown to be very reliable and procedurally very simple, it temporarily overrides normal control of the fuel cell system and is time intensive in order to achieve the desired sensitivity and accuracy.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, a leak detection method based on monitoring control signals in the hydrogen subsystem is proposed. Hydrogen system pressure is controlled based on system conditions and load. The setpoint is maintained utilizing closed-loop control. At idle, for example, the control effort required under defined environmental conditions can be predicted and shown to be repeatable. Deviation from the predicted range can be an effective indicator of leakage from the hydrogen subsystem. Detection can be fast and transparent to fuel cell system operation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Six-sigma methodologies were applied to develop the necessary transfer functions, define the thresholds at which different failure modes can be assumed, and determine the necessary mitigation actions.</div>
A Parallel Approach to Real-Time Simulation of Power Electronics Systems (2014)

We define here a new parallel simulation method designed for real-time execution. This method is highly parallelizable and scalable, and the simulation execution time is fully predictable, which is very important for real-time execution. The stability conditions for the method are defined. Furthermore, we show how to define appropriate flow variable injections so that this method can be extended to multiphysic applications and how to implement multirate time step in the defined method. Finally, we present simulation tests that validate the presented method.
NG-methyl-L-arginine, an inhibitor of nitric oxide formation, reverses IL-2-mediated hypotension in dogs (1994)

The effects of NG-methyl-L-arginine (L-NMA), an inhibitor of nitric oxide formation, were studied in dogs treated with interleukin-2 (IL-2). The administration of IL-2 to dogs resulted in hypotension within 3 days of treatment. The development of hypotension correlated with accumulation in the serum of nitrate, which is a stable breakdown product of nitric oxide. Administration of L-NMA decreased serum nitrate levels and increased the mean arterial pressure. The antihypotensive effect was dose dependent with a maximum effect observed at a dose of 20 mg/kg. Administration of a continuous infusion of L-NMA (5 mg.kg-1.h-1) maintained the mean arterial pressure for 48 h with concurrent administration of IL-2. Evaluation of IL-2-induced lymphokine-activated killer cell proliferation and tumoricidal activity toward a canine glioblastoma target cell line was unaffected by L-NMA. These studies imply that L-NMA may effectively ameliorate the dose-limiting hypotension associated with administration of IL-2 without adversely affecting the antitumor effects.
Synthetic biodegradable alternatives to the use of the amniotic membrane for corneal regeneration: assessment of local and systemic toxicity in rabbits (2018)

Membranes of 50:50 PLGA can be safely applied to rabbit corneas without inducing any local or systemic toxicity and these break down completely within 29 days.
α-Synuclein Alters Toll-Like Receptor Expression (2011)

Parkinson's disease, an age-related neurodegenerative disorder, is characterized by the loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra, the accumulation of α-synuclein in Lewy bodies and neurites, and neuroinflammation. While the exact etiology of sporadic Parkinson's disease remains elusive, a growing body of evidence suggests that misfolded α-synuclein promotes inflammation and oxidative stress resulting in neurodegeneration. α-Synuclein has been directly linked to microglial activation in vitro and increased numbers of activated microglia have been reported in an α-synuclein overexpressing mouse model prior to neuronal loss. However, the mechanism by which α-synuclein incites microglial activation has not been fully described. Microglial activation is governed in part, by pattern recognition receptors that detect foreign material and additionally recognize changes in homeostatic cellular conditions. Upon proinflammatory pathway initiation, activated microglia contribute to oxidative stress through release of cytokines, nitric oxide, and other reactive oxygen species, which may adversely impact adjacent neurons. Here we show that microglia are directly activated by α-synuclein in a classical activation pathway that includes alterations in the expression of toll-like receptors. These data suggest that α-synuclein can act as a danger-associated molecular pattern.
e-Research meets e-Health (2008)

This paper appeared at the Australasian Workshop on Health Data and Knowledge Management (HDKM 2008), Wollongong, NSW, Australia. Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology (CRPIT), Vol. 80. James R. Warren, Ping Yu, John Yearwood and Jon D. Patrick, Eds. Reproduction for academic, not-for profit purposes permitted provided this text is included.
The induction of folding cooperativity by ligand binding drives the allosteric response of tetracycline repressor (2009)

Tetracycline (Tc) repressor (TetR) undergoes an allosteric transition upon interaction with the antibiotic, Tc, that abrogates its ability to specifically bind its operator DNA. In this work, by performing equilibrium protein unfolding experiments on wild-type TetR and mutants displaying altered allosteric responses, we have delineated a model to explain TetR allostery. In the absence of Tc, we show that the DNA-binding domains of this homodimeric protein are relatively flexible and unfold independently of the Tc binding/dimerization (TBD) domains. Once Tc is bound, however, the unfolding of the DNA binding domains becomes coupled to the TBD domains, leading to a large increase in DNA-binding domain stability. Noninducible TetR mutants display considerably less interdomain folding cooperativity upon binding to Tc. We conclude that the thermodynamic coupling of the TetR domains caused by Tc binding and the resulting rigidification of the DNA-binding domains into a conformation that is incompatible with DNA binding are the fundamental factors leading to the allosteric response in TetR. This allosteric mechanism can account for properties of the whole TetR family of repressors and may explain the functioning and evolution of other allosteric systems. Our model contrasts with the prevalent view that TetR populates two distinct conformations and that Tc causes a switch between these defined conformations.
Copper catalysts in the selective hydrogenation of soybean and rapeseed oils: II. The effect of a hydrogen flow over copper chromite catalyst (1979)

Abstract Time required for hydrogenation of soybean and rapeseed oils to 1–2% linolenate content with a copper chromite catalyst is reduced 40–60% if the dead‐end system is replaced with a procedure using a flow of hydrogen through the reactor. The effect is ascribed to the removal of oxidation products, acting as catalyst poisons and the water which is formed during reduction of the catalyst. Selectivity towards the linolenate compound is nearly unchanged.
What you should know about queueing models to set staffing requirements in service systems (2007)

Abstract One traditional application of queueing models is to help set staffing requirements in service systems, but the way to do so is not entirely straightforward, largely because demand in service systems typically varies greatly by the time of day. This article discusses ways—old and new—to cope with that time‐varying demand. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Naval Research Logistics, 2007
Carbohydrate Requirement of Caenorhabditis Elegans and the Final Development of a Chemically Defined Medium (1993)

The carbohydrate requirement in the free-living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans was investigated. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, trehalose and glycogen were tested individually at concentrations of 0, 1.3, 6.5, 32.5, and 162.5 mg/ml as the energy source in a chemically defined medium containing C. briggsae Maintenance Medium (CbMM without glucose), 50 μg/ml cytochrome c and 50 μg/ml β-sitosterol. Potassium acetate, used as the energy source in other studies, was not added to the medium. Therefore, carbohydrate was the major energy source for the nematode. At 32.5 mg/ml, glucose was found to support the maximal population at 80,000 nematodes/ml (100%), followed by glycogen (96%) and trehalose (73%). Population was significantly reduced when fructose (46%) or sucrose (26%) was the carbohydrate source. Toxicity was shown at 162.5 mg/ml for four carbohydrates tested, except glycogen. These results suggested that all five carbohydrates can be utilized as energy sources by C. elegans; however, the degree of utilization of each carbohydrate by C. elegans varied. Since glucose was best utilized by the nematode at 32.5 mg/ml, this concentration is recommended for future use in preparation of CbMM. Based on this study, the chemically defined medium that has been used for cultivation of C. elegans can also be modified to: CbMM (1×, with 32.5 mg/ml glucose), 50 μg/ml cytochrome c and 50 μg/ml β-sitosterol. Glucose (at 32.5 mg/ml) can be used as the major energy source in a chemically defined medium for the axenic cultivation of C. elegans.
A Bayesian Approach for Multi-view Head Pose Estimation (2006)

In this paper, we present a system for estimating human head pose with the use of multiple camera views. We apply a neural network to each of the views, and fuse the output using a Bayesian filter framework. Thus, we achieve a more robust estimation compared to pure monocular approaches. The system is evaluated on low resolution seminar video recordings with rather bad lighting, on which the captured head size varies around 20 times 25 pixels. In total we achieved a correct classification in 39.4% of all frames (one of eight classes). If neighbouring classes were allowed, even 73.4% of the frames were correctly classified
The Evolution of Global Intelligent Network Architecture (1991)

AT&T's global intelligent network architecture (GINA) describes the process that will set the direction to support basic features and architectures for a global intelligent network (IN) in AT&T Network Systems. An IN contains network elements that enable service logic, data, and service resources to be distributed in the network. GINA bridges the gap between today's network offerings and future platform IN offerings for AT&T Network Systems products worldwide. This paper describes the IN architecture we are striving to achieve and the underlying technology needed to realize it on a global scale.
Soft x-ray microscopy (2008)

Summary form only given. Soft X-ray microscopy is at the forefront of research with spatial resolution approaching 10 nm, and wide ranging applications to the physical and life sciences, including the dynamics of magnetic nanostructures, three-dimensional biotomography at the sub-cellular level, elemental and chemically specific environmental studies. Examples of recent work are shown below in figures 1-3. Figure 1 shows a general layout of the soft X-ray microscope XM-1 at the Advanced Light Source (ALS) synchrotron facility at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. Figure 2 shows an image, at 15 nm spatial resolution, of nanomagnetic structures in a CoCrPt alloy as revealed by X-ray magnetic circular dichroism (XMCD) using synchrotron radiation tuned to the cobalt L3-edge at 778 eV (1.59 nm wavelength). Figure 3 shows a natural contrast tomographic reconstruction of a whole yeast cell imaged in the water window at 500 eV (2.4 nm wavelength).
Relationship between peptide binding and T cell epitope selection: a study with subtypes of HLA-B27 (1998)

The effect of HLA-B27 polymorphism on antigen presentation was analysed by comparing the binding of three Epstein-Barr virus-derived peptide epitopes to HLA-B27 subtypes with their immunogenicity and antigenicity in the context of these subtypes. The effect of altering the major anchor residue Arg2 on binding or on recognition by peptide-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) was also examined. The three peptides bound significantly to all the B*2701-B*2706 subtypes. This did not correlate with the peptides being immunogenic or recognized by specific CTL in the context of only particular subtypes. In addition, of the three viral epitopes tested, those that were immunogenic in B*2702- or B*2705-restricted responses bound to these subtypes less efficiently than one peptide that was immunogenic only in the B*2704 context. Thus, among several potentially immunogenic peptides from the same virus, the antiviral response is not necessarily directed against the one that binds best to the restricting subtype. These results indicate that HLA-B27 polymorphism influences antigen presentation in ways other than simply peptide affinity. Synthetic analogues lacking the canonical Arg2 motif of HLA-B27-bound peptides, even when binding much worse to the restricting subtype, were recognized equally by CTL specific for the parental peptide. This indicates that Arg2 is not required to maintain the structure of the epitope. The implications of these results for pathogenetic models of HLA-B27-associated disease are discussed.
Fe<sup>III</sup>-Binding Collagen Mimetics (2006)

The synthesis and characterization of hydroxamic acid containing single-chain and TRIS-assembled (where TRIS is tris(carboxyethoxymethyl)aminomethane) collagen mimetics are reported. We have engineered an Fe(III)-binding domain by placing a hydroxamic acid group at the C termini of collagen mimetic chains composed of the Gly-Pro-NLeu sequence. The circular dichroism spectra and thermal denaturation studies show an enhancement in triple-helical thermal stability upon the addition of Fe(III) for the TRIS-assembled structure. No triple-helical structure was detected for the single-chain collagen mimetic. From the absorbance shown in the UV-vis spectra, we believe that the thermal stabilization of the triple helix is the direct result of a coordination complex between Fe(III) and the hydroxamate groups tethered to the C termini of the collagen mimetic peptide chains.