gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β Regulates Growth, Calcium Homeostasis, and Diastolic Function in the Heart (2004)

Glycogen synthase kinase (GSK) 3beta is a negative regulator of stress-induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. It is not clear, however, if GSK-3beta plays any role in regulating normal cardiac growth and cardiac function. Herein we report that a transgenic mouse expressing wild type GSK-3beta in the heart has a dramatic impairment of normal post-natal cardiomyocyte growth as well as markedly abnormal cardiac contractile function. The most striking phenotype, however, is grossly impaired diastolic relaxation, which leads to increased filling pressures of the left ventricle and massive atrial enlargement. This is due to profoundly abnormal calcium handling, leading to an inability to normalize cytosolic [Ca2+] in diastole. The alterations in calcium handling are due at least in part to direct down-regulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA2a) by GSK-3beta, acting at the level of the SERCA2 promoter. These studies identify GSK-3beta as a regulator of normal growth of the heart and are the first of which we are aware, to demonstrate regulation of expression of SERCA2a, a critical determinant of diastolic function, by a cytosolic signaling pathway, the activity of which is dynamically modulated. De-regulation of GSK-3beta leads to severe systolic and diastolic dysfunction and progressive heart failure. Because down-regulation of SERCA2a plays a central role in the diastolic and systolic dysfunction of patients with heart failure, these findings have potential implications for the therapy of this disorder.
Mechanical Characteristics of Flexible Glass Fiber Optics (1971)

Exploratory studies were conducted to determine the factors responsible for possible flexibility problems in glass fiber optics. Commercial glass fiber optic materials of known composition were employed. Such mechanical properties as tensile strength and modulus, Poisson's ratio and fatigue were measured. Single and multi-fiber materials were compared.
Access of efinaconazole topical solution, 10%, to the infection site by spreading through the subungual space. (2014)

This study suggests that the vehicle developed for efinaconazole topical solution, 10%, when applied at the hyponychium, spreads into the subungual space between the nail plate and nail bed, reaching the site of infection.
Genetic variant in<i>KIAA0319</i>, but not in<i>DYX1C1</i>, is associated with risk of dyslexia: An integrated meta‐analysis (2012)

DYX1C1 and KIAA0319 have been two of the most extensively studied candidate genes for dyslexia given their important roles in the neuronal migration and neurite growth. The -3G > A in DYX1C1 and the 931C > T in KIAA0319 were of special interest for dyslexia but with inconsistent results. We performed a meta-analysis integrating case-control and transmission/disequilibrium test (TDT) studies to clearly discern the effect of these two variants in dyslexia. Data from case-control and TDT studies were analyzed in an allelic model using the Catmap software. In overall meta-analysis, the pooled OR for the -3A allele and the 931T allele was 0.68 (95% CI = 0.25-1.87, P(heterogeneity) = 0.000) and 0.87 (95% CI = 0.78-0.98, P(heterogeneity)= 0.125), respectively. The stratified analysis showed that the between-study heterogeneity regarding the -3G > A polymorphism might be accounted by the publication year. Additionally, the sensitivity analysis of -3G > A polymorphism indicated the stability of the result. In conclusion, our results suggested that the 931C > T variant in KIAA0319, but not the -3G > A in DYX1C1, was significantly associated with the risk of dyslexia.
Accurate and noninvasive embryos screening during in vitro fertilization (IVF) assisted by Raman analysis ofembryos culture medium (2012)

In combination with morphological evaluation tests, we employ Raman spectroscopy to select higher potential reproductive embryos during in vitro fertilization (IVF) based on chemical composition of embryos culture medium. In this study, 57 Raman spectra are acquired from both higher and lower quality embryos culture medium (ECM) from 10 patients which have been preliminarily confirmed by clinical assay. Data are fit by using a linear combination model of least squares method in which 12 basis spectra represent the chemical features of ECM. The final fitting coefficients provide insight into the chemical compositions of culture medium samples and are subsequently used as criterion to evaluate the quality of embryos. The relative fitting coefficients ratios of sodium pyruvate/albumin and phenylalanine/albumin seem act as key roles in the embryo screening, attaining 85.7% accuracy in comparison with clinical pregnancy. The good results demonstrate that Raman spectroscopy therefore is an important candidate for an accurate and noninvasive screening of higher quality embryos, which potentially decrease the time-consuming clinical trials during IVF.
Therapeutic efficacy of N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid in experimental Crohn's disease. (1995)

We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on trinitro-benzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)-induced colitis in the rats, which condition is considered an experimental Crohn's disease (CD). In rats with TNBS-induced colitis, feeding with an elemental diet (ED) plus 2% n-3 PUEA-rich perilla oil significantly suppressed plasma leukotriene (LT) B4 and ulcer index compared to that in rats fed with ED plus 2% n-6 PUFA-rich safflower oil (34.2 +/- 12.3 s 63.8 +/- 13.2 pg/ml and 8.8 +/- 12.1 vs 66.4 +/- 33.1, P < 0.01, respectively). Moreover, the plasma LTB4 and the ulcer index were significantly correlated (P < 0.05). Feeding with ED plus 2% alpha-linolenic acid (A-LA)-rich vegetable oil significantly reduced plasma LTB4 and colonic weight compared to that in rats fed with ED plus 2% eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)/docosahexaenonic acid (DHA)-rich fish oil in this model (61.6 +/- 10.5 vs 85.0 +/- 20.9 pg/ml and 0.83 +/- 0.13 vs 0.96 +/- 0.08g, P < 0.05, respectively). This study suggested that dietary fat manipulation with perilla oil can reduce colonic damage and that this is correlated with the suppression of plasma LTB4. The therapeutic efficacy of A-LA in controlling intestinal inflammation in experimental CD may be superior to that of EPA and DHA.
Specifications of Highspeed Image Sensors based on Requirements of Multi-Scientific Fields (1996)

It costs a few million dollars to develop a new solid-state image sensor. Various image sensors with special useful functions have been proposed for individual scientific and engineering research purposes. However, the enormous cost hampers their development. Presented in this paper is an attempt to classify wide-range of requirements for image sensors for scientific and engineering use, and to combine them into a limited number of specific designs. This will greatly reduce overlapping cost for the development, and contribute to realization of the designs.
Electrically pumped sub-wavelength metallo-dielectric pedestal pillar lasers (2011)

Electrically driven subwavelength scale metallo-dielectric pedestal pillar lasers are designed and experimentally demonstrated. The metallo-dielectric cavity significantly enhances the quality factor (Q > 1500) of the wavelength and subwavelength scale lasers and the pedestal structure significantly reduces the threshold gain (< 400 cm(-1)) which can potentially enable laser operation at room temperature. We observed continuous wave lasing in 750 nm gain core radius laser at temperatures between 77 K and 140 K with a threshold current of 50 μA (at 77 K). We also observed lasing from a 355 nm gain core radius laser at temperatures between 77 K and 100 K.
Intelligent Weather Aware Scheme for Satellite Systems (2008)

Rain, snow, gaseous, cloud, fog, scintillation and other atmospheric properties can have a distorting effect on signal fidelity of Ku and Ka bands, thus resulting in excessive digital transmission error. This loss of signal is commonly referred to as signal attenuation. Signal attenuation impacts the QoS in wireless and satellite networks. Accurately predicting channel attenuation due to atmospheric conditions can enable mitigation planning by adaptively selecting appropriate modulation, coding, transmitted power level, transmission rate and configured frame size. The aim of this paper is to estimate different attenuations using predicted signal-weather correlated database in collaboration with ITU-R propagation models combined with interpolation methods, gateway, and ground terminal characteristics. A three dimensional relationship is proposed among these attenuations with respect to propagation angle and rainfall rate [l]-[8]. The outcome is key factor in diagnosing, adjusting and improving satellite signal power, modulation and coding schemes, monitored and controlled altogether by a powerful and efficient intelligent-based attenuation countermeasure system. These results will lead to an enhanced back propagation-learning algorithm that is used to iteratively tune the IS with returned SNR values to activate the weighted Modulation/Codepoint to its optimal values, depending on actual or predicted weather conditions, configuration settings and tolerance/safety margins for SLA commitment.
Design of 2xVDD-tolerant I/O buffer with 1xVDD CMOS devices (2009)

A new 2xVDD-tolerant I/O buffer realized with only 1xVDD devices has been proposed and verified in a 0.18-mum CMOS process. With the dynamic source output technique and the new gate-controlled circuit, the new proposed I/O buffer can transmit and receive the signals with the voltage swing twice as high as the normal power supply voltage (VDD) without suffering gate-oxide reliability problem. The proposed 2xVDD-tolerant I/O circuit solution can be implemented in different nanoscale CMOS processes to meet the mixed-voltage interface applications in microelectronic systems.
REMOVAL OF STRONTIUM BY THE CHELATING AGENT ACETYLAMINO PROPYLIDENE DIPHOSPHONIC ACID IN RATS (1999)

Studies of the effects of the chelating agent, calcium acetylamino propylidene diphosphonic acid (Ca-APDA), on the removal of radioactive strontium with two administration modalities were carried out in rats. The parenteral (intraperitoneal) administration of 150, 300, or 600 mg kg(-1) Ca-APDA was carried out for 3 d, 10 min after exposure of the animals to the strontium injection. On the first day post-treatment, the retention of strontium in the whole body decreased to 90.1%, 83.9%, and 35.1% that of the control level, respectively. The strontium deposited in femur of 600 mg kg(-1) Ca-APDA group was lowered to 28.4% of the control value. A single oral dose of 600 mg kg(-1) Ca-APDA administered simultaneously with, or 10 min after, oral administration of strontium, radionuclide retention in the whole body was reduced after 1 d to 42.9% and 31.9% of the control, respectively; meanwhile the strontium deposited in the femur was reduced to 16.9% and 29.3% of the control. In conclusion, the results indicate the efficacy of the new agent, Ca-APDA, to remove radioactive strontium from the body, or to inhibit the strontium intestinal absorption, in radio-strontium contaminated individuals.
Finger-Counting-Based Gesture Recognition within Cars Using Impulse Radar with Convolutional Neural Network (2019)

The diversion of a driver's attention from driving can be catastrophic. Given that conventional button- and touch-based interfaces may distract the driver, developing novel distraction-free interfaces for the various devices present in cars has becomes necessary. Hand gesture recognition may provide an alternative interface inside cars. Given that cars are the targeted application area, we determined the optimal location for the radar sensor, so that the signal reflected from the driver's hand during gesturing is unaffected by interference from the motion of the driver's body or other motions within the car. We implemented a Convolutional Neural Network-based technique to recognize the finger-counting-based hand gestures using an Impulse Radio (IR) radar sensor. The accuracy of the proposed method was sufficiently high for real-world applications.
Identification of the collagen-binding domain of vitronectin using monoclonal antibodies. (1988)

Vitronectin is a 75 kilodalton (kDa) cell-adhesive glycoprotein found in animal blood and connective tissue, also termed serum spreading factor, S-protein, and epibolin. It promotes attachment and spreading of animal cells on tissue culture dishes, and it also binds to collagen. We established four mouse hybridoma lines producing monoclonal antibodies (M1, M2, M4 and M5) to human vitronectin. By immunoblotting, both epitopes recognized by M4 and M5 were suggested to exist in the amino terminal 5 kDa portion of vitronectin, and both M1 and M2 bound to the adjacent 35 kDa portion. Cell spreading on vitronectin-coated dishes was inhibited by M4 = M5 greater than M1, but not by M2. Collagen binding to vitronectin was inhibited by M2 greater than M4 = M5, but not by M1. These results indicate that the collagen-binding site is located near the cell-binding site in the amino terminal half of vitronectin. Independent inhibition of vitronectin binding to the cell and to collagen by these monoclonal antibodies will provide a potential tool to dissect the structure and function of vitronectin.
The Design and Implementation of an Over-The-Top Cloud-Based Vertical Handover Decision Service for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks (2014)

The widespread availability of heterogeneous wireless networks (hetnets) presents a resource allocation challenge to network operators and administrators. Overlapping network coverage should be utilized to its fullest extent, providing users with a fair share of bandwidth while maximizing the efficient use of the operator's resources. Currently, network selection occurs locally at the mobile device and does not take into account factors such as the state of other networks that might be available in the device's location. The local decision made by the device can often result in underutilization of network resources and a degraded user experience. This type of selfish network selection might not result in optimal bandwidth allocation when compared to approaches that make use of a centralized resource controller \\cite{gpf}. The decision making process behind the selection of these networks continues to be an open area of research, and a variety of algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem. An over-the-top handover decision service treats each wireless access network in a hetnet as a black box, assuming detailed network topology and state information is unavailable to the handover decision algorithm. The algorithm then uses network data gathered empirically from users to provide them with a network selection service that considers the current conditions of available networks in a given location. This is a departure from past designs of vertical handover decision algorithms, which tend to approach the problem from the perspective of individual network operators. The wide range of radio access technologies operated by different network operators that are available to a device within a hetnet, coupled with the mobile data offload effort, is the primary motivator behind our novel choice in direction. This thesis documents the design and implementation of such an over-the-top vertical handover decision service.
Late Effects of Abdominal Radiation on Intestinal Uptake of Nutrients (1986)

The late effects of variable doses of abdominal irradiation on in vitro jejunal uptake were examined. The uptake of glucose, galactose, cholic acid, medium-chain length fatty acids, and decanol was studied 6 and 33 weeks following 300, 600, or 900 cGy abdominal irradiation. The intestinal morphological characteristics were similar 6 and 33 weeks after radiation. The uptake of cholic acid was unaffected by abdominal irradiation, but for glucose, galactose, and four fatty acids the direction and magnitude of the changes in uptake were influenced by the dose of irradiation and by the interval following exposure. The greater uptake of decanol at 6 weeks but lower uptake of decanol at 33 weeks reflected changes in the resistance of the intestinal unstirred water layer. These absorption changes suggest that the intestine may not be capable of correcting the transport abnormalities arising from sublethal doses of abdominal irradiation.
Tweet classification by data compression (2011)

We propose a new method that uses data compression for classifying an unseen tweet as being related to an interesting topic or not. Our compression-based tweet classification method, called CTC, evaluates the compressibility of the tweet when given positive and negative examples. This enables our method to handle multilingual tweets in the same manner and to effectively utilize the word context of the tweet, which is extremely important information in the 140 character limit. Experiments with worldwide tweets assigned a single hashtag demonstrate that our method, which uses the Deflate algorithm (used in gzip) for empirical evaluations, achieved higher precision and recall rates than state-of-the-art online learning algorithms.
Typical models of compact transmission lines and application prospect in 500 kV AC system of China (2002)

Combined with the situation of 500 kV AC system of China, this paper outlines the several typical models of compact transmission lines, including single-circuit models and double-circuit models. Calculating the different arrangement of conductor lines. The parameters such as maximum surface field gradients, surge impedance, natural power transfer capacity and electromagnetic fields of compact transmission lines are calculated and also compared with traditional transmission lines based upon the operation circumstances of 500 kV AC system. By adopting the compact transmission lines, maximum surface field gradients can be reduced, and surge impedance can be decreased resulting in significantly higher natural power transfer capacity. The width of high electromagnetic field corridor is narrowed. It will contribute to gaining tremendous economic benefit and has a good prospect for application in China.
Optimal Camera Placement (2012)

Optimal Camera Placement is a task shared by applications such as Next Best View planning and Camera Network planning, and it is used in exploration of unknown environments, surveillance cameras placement and scene reconstruction. More specifically, Optimal Camera Placement consists of evaluating a visibility objective that depends on the scene and the camera placement and optimizing it with respect to to the camera variable, where different applications give rise to different visibility objectives. Despite its wide applicability, many of the application listed above are limited in scale, efficiency and the complexity of the scene and sensor model they can handle. This limitation stems primarily from the common practice to discretize the space of camera configurations, thus viewing the problem as a combinatorial optimization problem whose size grows exponentially with the number of cameras and which is known to be NP-hard. Another drawback of the "early-discretization" approach is its inherent inaccuracy with respect to objectives that are continuous by nature, such as visible surface area. In this work we propose an expressive formalization of the visibility objective which is amenable to continuous optimization techniques. The formalism we propose is generic and may be used for many of the existing applications; it is inherently more accurate than the discrete approaches as it views both the objects' and the cameras' configuration spaces as continuous and it can handle complex scenes with occlusions and camera placement constraints as well as sophisticated camera models. We describe an algorithm for evaluating the proposed objective and its gradient, and present simulation results showing the quality of the obtained camera placements and their efficient computation.
Role of Endogenous TRPC6 Channels in Ca2+ Signal Generation in A7r5 Smooth Muscle Cells (2005)

The ubiquitously expressed canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) ion channels are considered important in Ca2+ signal generation, but their mechanisms of activation and roles remain elusive. Whereas most studies have examined overexpressed TRPC channels, we used molecular, biochemical, and electrophysiological approaches to assess the expression and function of endogenous TRPC channels in A7r5 smooth muscle cells. Real time PCR and Western analyses reveal TRPC6 as the only member of the diacylglycerol-responsive TRPC3/6/7 subfamily of channels expressed at significant levels in A7r5 cells. TRPC1, TRPC4, and TRPC5 were also abundant. An outwardly rectifying, nonselective cation current was activated by phospholipase C-coupled vasopressin receptor activation or by the diacylglycerol analogue, oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol (OAG). Introduction of TRPC6 small interfering RNA sequences into A7r5 cells by electroporation led to 90% reduction of TRPC6 transcript and 80% reduction of TRPC6 protein without any detectable compensatory changes in the expression of other TRPC channels. The OAG-activated nonselective cation current was similarly reduced by TRPC6 RNA interference. Intracellular Ca2+ measurements using fura-2 revealed that thapsigargin-induced store-operated Ca2+ entry was unaffected by TRPC6 knockdown, whereas vasopressin-induced Ca2+ entry was suppressed by more than 50%. In contrast, OAG-induced Ca2+ transients were unaffected by TRPC6 knockdown. Nevertheless, OAG-induced Ca2+ entry bore the hallmarks of TRPC6 function; it was inhibited by protein kinase C and blocked by the Src-kinase inhibitor, 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl)pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidine (PP2). Importantly, OAG-induced Ca2+ entry was blocked by the potent L-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor, *nimodipine. Thus, TRPC6 activation probably results primarily in Na ion entry and depolarization, leading to activation of L-type channels as the mediators of Ca2+ entry. Calculations reveal that even 90% reduction of TRPC6 channels would allow depolarization sufficient to activate L-type channels. This tight coupling between TRPC6 and L-type channels is probably important in mediating smooth muscle cell membrane potential and muscle contraction.
Design considerations for next-generation airborne tactical networks (2014)

Airborne tactical networks (ATNs) have provided protected air-to-air communications for military aircraft for several decades. To support emerging and future warfighter needs, the next generation of systems will require significant improvements to provide higher capacity, longer range, greater flexibility, and increased interoperability. Governed by domain characteristics such as long transmission ranges, low-to-medium data rates, latency constraints, and link protection needs, the air tactical domain poses several unique requirements on link and network design. Developing next-generation ATNs requires an understanding of the airborne tactical domain, including the design constraints and challenges at various layers of the network stack. In this article, we provide an overview of the unique domain characteristics of ATNs and highlight the key design challenges and research areas associated with the physical, link, and network layers.
Morphology on detection of calcifications in mammograms (1992)

Detection of calcification in mammograms is analyzed based on mathematical morphology. A method of adaptively thresholding gray-level mammogram images is discussed. The threshold set is controlled by the index numbers in the skeleton of shapes which represent calcifications in mammograms. The parameters of the adaptive threshold sets are obtained from interpreting umbra shadows from an image function. The objective is to extract the suspicious areas from a mammogram and provide location information on certain predefined shapes and sizes of calcifications to radiologists for further examination.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>