gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mortality risk factors associated with mitral valve replacement: a survival analysis of 10 year follow-up data. (1991)

The primary purpose of this study was to evaluate the long term performance of several prosthetic cardiac valves and the influence on outcome of different surgeons by following 328 patients for up to 10 years after mitral valve replacement surgery in a tertiary care centre. This type of follow-up study is faced with severe methodological difficulties, as mortality and complications after surgery can be influenced not only by preoperative clinical status but also by the competence of the operating surgeons, the type of prosthesis used, and system-related variables such as the overall quality of nursing care. The primary statistical models used were life-table analysis, logistic regression and Cox's proportional hazard regression, employing prosthesis type, surgeon and other patient- or system-specific variable as covariates. The relative performance of valve prostheses and surgeons were assessed for short and long term survival. Biologic and Omniscience valves outperformed others for short and long term survival, while Lillehei-Kaster valves performed well for short term but not long term survival. The results also suggest that the performance levels of surgeons do vary, and the choice of surgeon could be a significant risk factor in a given medical centre.
Verifying Completeness of Relational Query Answers from Online Servers (2008)

The number of successful attacks on the Internet shows that it is very difficult to guarantee the security of online servers over extended periods of time. A breached server that is not detected in time may return incorrect query answers to users. In this article, we introduce authentication schemes for users to verify that their query answers from an online server are complete (i.e., no qualifying tuples are omitted) and authentic (i.e., all the result values are legitimate). We introduce a scheme that supports range selection, projection as well as primary key-foreign key join queries on relational databases. We also present authentication schemes for single- and multi-attribute range aggregate queries. The schemes complement access control mechanisms that rewrite queries dynamically, and are computationally secure. We have implemented the proposed schemes, and experiment results showed that they are practical and feasible schemes with low overheads.
[Comparative study of composite danshen droplet pills and sordi in treatment of patients with chronic stable angina]. (1997)

CDDP is a more effective drug in treating chronic stable angina.
The Mechanism of Action of Isothiazolone Biocides (2006)

Abstract Isothiazolone biocides have proven efficacy and performance for microbial control in a variety of industrial water treatment applications. Understanding the mechanism of action of industrial biocides is important in optimizing their use and combating resistance if encountered. Isothiazolones utilizes a two-step mechanism involving rapid inhibition (minutes) of growth and metabolism, followed by irreversible cell damage resulting in loss of viability (hours). Cells are inhibited by disruption of the metabolic pathways involving dehydrogenase enzymes. Critical physiological functions are rapidly inhibited in microbes, including growth, respiration (oxygen consumption), and energy generation (ATP synthesis). Cell death results from the destruction of protein thiols and production of free radicals. The rate and extent of killing may be enhanced by various adjuvants including surfactants. This unique mechanism results in a broad spectrum of activity, low use levels, and difficulty in attaining resistance.
Onaantastbaar Engels. De Houding Tegenover Vernederlandste Spelling Van Engelse en Franse Leenwoorden (1989)

The official rules for the orthography prescribe dutchified forms for some loanwords and source language orthographies for others. Experts feel that this deficiency of the spelling system is the most obvious candidate for a forth-coming revision. In this paper we examine a source of variation in orthographies that has received relatively little attention: differences in status of the cultures the source language are associated with. The results of a series of parallel experi-ments are discussed, in which Dutch youngsters gave their opinions about dutchified English and French loanwords. The subjects disliked the adaptation of English words significantly more than the adaptation of French words. We explain this result by assuming a correlation between the high status which the Anglo-American culture has for Dutch adolescents, and a perceived inviola-bility of the words borrowed from the English language.
Positive Surface Charge Enhances Selective Cellular Uptake and Anticancer Efficacy of Selenium Nanoparticles (2012)

Surface charge plays a key role in cellular uptake and biological actions of nanomaterials. Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are novel Se species with potent anticancer activity and low toxicity. This study constructed positively charged SeNPs by chitosan surface decoration to achieve selective cellular uptake and enhanced anticancer efficacy. The results of structure characterization revealed that hydroxyl groups in chitosan reacted with SeO(3)(2-) ion to form special chain-shaped intermediates, which could be decomposed to form crystals upon reduction by ascorbic acid. The initial colloids nucleated and then assembled into spherical SeNPs. The positive charge of the NH(3)(+) group on the outer surface of the nanoparticles contributed to the high stability in aqueous solutions. Moreover, a panel of four human cancer cell lines were found to be susceptible to SeNPs, with IC(50) values ranging from 22.7 to 49.3 μM. Chitosan surface decoration of SeNPs significantly enhanced the selective uptake by endocytosis in cancer cells and thus amplified the anticancer efficacy. Treatment of the A375 melanoma cells with chitosan-SeNPs led to dose-dependent apoptosis, as evidenced by DNA fragmentation and phosphatidylserine translocation. Our results suggest that the use of positively charged chitosan as a surface decorator could be a simple and attractive approach to achieve selective uptake and anticancer action of nanomaterials in cancer cells.
Hypolipidemic effects of selective liver X receptor alpha agonists (2001)

Recently, a number of nuclear receptors have been identified as key regulators of cholesterol homeostasis. Two of these, liver X receptor alpha (LXRalpha) (NR1H3) [1] and ubiquitous receptor (UR) (NR1H2) [1], appear to be involved in cholesterol reverse transport and disposal. LXRalpha null gene mice fail to adapt metabolically to high-cholesterol diets. We have recently shown that some 6alpha-hydroxylated bile acid analogs are selective activators of LXRalpha. In this report, we show that these orally administered LXRalpha agonists have an overall hypolipidemic effect in hypercholesterolemic rats, mice and hamsters, which indicates that in these animal models, endogenous LXRalpha agonist is a limiting factor for induction of cholesterol disposal. Furthermore, in animals, these 6alpha-hydroxylated bile acid analogs exhibit a unique pharmacokinetic profile and do not increase the serum triglyceride level; therefore, they may represent a novel class of therapeutic agents for cholesterol management.
Pattern discovery and cancer gene identification in integrated cancer genomic data (2013)

Large-scale integrated cancer genome characterization efforts including the cancer genome atlas and the cancer cell line encyclopedia have created unprecedented opportunities to study cancer biology in the context of knowing the entire catalog of genetic alterations. A clinically important challenge is to discover cancer subtypes and their molecular drivers in a comprehensive genetic context. Curtis et al. [Nature (2012) 486(7403):346-352] has recently shown that integrative clustering of copy number and gene expression in 2,000 breast tumors reveals novel subgroups beyond the classic expression subtypes that show distinct clinical outcomes. To extend the scope of integrative analysis for the inclusion of somatic mutation data by massively parallel sequencing, we propose a framework for joint modeling of discrete and continuous variables that arise from integrated genomic, epigenomic, and transcriptomic profiling. The core idea is motivated by the hypothesis that diverse molecular phenotypes can be predicted by a set of orthogonal latent variables that represent distinct molecular drivers, and thus can reveal tumor subgroups of biological and clinical importance. Using the cancer cell line encyclopedia dataset, we demonstrate our method can accurately group cell lines by their cell-of-origin for several cancer types, and precisely pinpoint their known and potential cancer driver genes. Our integrative analysis also demonstrates the power for revealing subgroups that are not lineage-dependent, but consist of different cancer types driven by a common genetic alteration. Application of the cancer genome atlas colorectal cancer data reveals distinct integrated tumor subtypes, suggesting different genetic pathways in colon cancer progression.
A scanning electron microscopic study on thrombogenicity of intraarterial catheters for chemotherapeutic treatment in head and neck cancer (2002)

Standard anticoagulation was ineffective in clot prevention. Heparinized catheters might potentially reduce the risk of clot formation. A delivery system should be engaged for continuous irrigation of catheters with heparinized saline.
Amplification System for Supplemental Damping Devices in Seismic Applications (2005)

Seismic protection systems include the use of special passive devices to introduce supplemental damping into the structure. In building applications, passive devices are normally used in brace configurations and activated by a component of the structural drift. However, in applications where small elastic interstory displacements are expected, the conventional usage of such devices may not be suitable. Lever mechanisms, which amplify the displacements and velocities affecting the damping device, can be employed to overcome this deficiency. This work describes a displacement amplification device (DAD) based on a gear-type mechanism and connected in series with a fluid viscous damper (FVD). Laboratory test results are given here for a small-scale version of the DAD-FVD system. Potential implementations of this amplification system in civil structures are briefly described.
SERS Aptatags: New Responsive Metallic Nanostructures for Heterogeneous Protein Detection by Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (2008)

Abstract We report here “aptatags,” which consist of aptamer‐modified silver nanoparticles (NPs) held together by an optical reporter. It is possible to use these materials to design a heterogeneous method for protein identification that takes advantage of the Raman signal enhancement by metallic nanostructures and the recognition capabilities of aptamers. Aptatags are formed by linking silver NPs with an organic dithiol molecule, followed by surface modification with thiolated single‐stranded DNA (ssDNA) corresponding to the sequence of the aptamer probe. The sensing surface involves a silver layer containing the thiolated capturing aptamer and mercaptohexadecanoic acid to minimize nonspecific binding. The overall process provides excellent selectivity and sensitivity. Detailed characterization of the sensing surface by SERS maps and atomic force microscopy was carried out to understand how structural features lead to signal generation.
Inner Product Computers (1978)

The inner product computer is a special-purpose computational unit intended to be used as an adjunct to a general-purpose digital computer to perform numerical processing tasks which previously exceeded the capacity of the general-purpose computer. The algorithmic structure of the inner product is briefly reviewed in the first section of this paper. Methods are described for computing the inner product of complex vectors with a series of four real inner products. Several hardware implementations of the inner product computer are described and then compared in terms of speed and complexity; a figure of merit is developed to simplify the comparison. The utility of this computational unit is demonstrated via the examination of a large-scale numerical problem, computerized three-dimensional x-ray reconstruction (computerized tomography) arising in the biomedical sciences. Finally, a comparison is given of the size of a general-purpose computer required to execute a large-scale processing task with that of an inner product computer to execute the same task. The inner product computer greatly reduces computational costs for the solution of a large class of problems, including computerized tomography, image restoration, weather forecasting, and economic modeling.
Schema covering: a step towards enabling reuse in information integration (2010)

We introduce schema covering, the problem of identifying easily understandable common objects for describing large and complex schemas. Defining transformations between schemas is a key objective in information integration. However, this process often becomes cumbersome when the schemas are large and structurally complex. If such complex schemas can be broken into smaller and simpler objects, then simple transformations defined over these smaller objects can be reused to define suitable transformations among the complex schemas. Schema covering performs this vital task by identifying a collection of common concepts from a repository and creating a cover of the complex schema by these concepts. In this paper, we formulate the problem of schema covering, show that it is NP-Complete, and give efficient approximation algorithms for it. A performance evaluation with real business schemas confirms the effectiveness of our approach.
Isolation and characterization of linear plasminds from lankacidin-producing Streptomyces species. (1994)

Streptomyces rochei 7434AN4, a producer of lankacidin and lankamycin contains three large linear plasmids, pSLA2-L (200 kb), M (100 kb), and S (17 kb). Studies on the mutants of 7434AN4 having a different plasmid profile showed a parallel relationship between the presence of pSLA2-L and the production of both lankacidin and lankamycin. When pSLA2-L was transferred by protoplast fusion to S. rochei 2-39, a non-antibiotic-producing mutant of 7434AN4 which contained no detectable plasmid, the fusants gained the capacity to produce both antibiotics. From the physical maps of pSLA2-L and pSLA2-L1, a deletion plasmid (160 kb) of pSLA2-L, the latter plasmid was determined to contain a symmetrical linear repeat composed of the right 80-kb part of pSLA2-L. Four other lankacidin-producing Streptomyces strains were also found to have distinctive large linear plasmids which hybridized with the pSLA2-L probe. These results support the involvement of pSLA2-L in the production of lankacidin and lankamycin in S. rochei 7434AN4.
Development of Porous Silicon Membranes with Hydrophobic Vapor Traps to Desalt Hydraulic Fracturing Flowback Water (2019)

In 2017 the United States consumed 98 quadrillion BTUs of energy, but only produced 88 quadrillion BTUs of energy domestically. This has amplified the United States’ reliance on foreign entities for energy imports and induced high volatility in the energy market. Consequently, there is a need for localized, cost-effective energy sources, which has resulted in numerous unconventional oil and gas production methods, including hydraulic fracturing. During the hydraulic fracturing process, an estimated 3-5 million of gallons of water per well are pumped into the rock bed to generate fissures in the surrounding rock in order to extract the underlying hydrocarbons. Approximately 20-40% of this water flows back to the surface in 60 days with a hyper-saline composition that can be 3-10 times saltier than seawater. Moreover, flowback water, depending on the geographical location, contains heavy metals, organic contamination, and possible radionuclides. Currently, flowback water disposal occurs commonly through deep well injection, as no reliable flowback water treatment methods presently exist. One possible method to desalinate hydraulic fracturing flowback water is through the use of hydrophobic vapor traps. Proof-of-concept experiments with three nanochannels in silica of length 32 μm and at a pressure of 48 bar, containing hydrophobic sections have been able to achieve an average desalting of 95% in 20 minutes using a 5 M NaCl draw solution. This project outlines the development of porous silicon membranes with hydrophobic vapor traps, as a possible strategy to scale-up the proof-of-concept demonstration to viable laboratory evaluation of desalination of flowback water using forward osmosis. The main deliverables of this project include the successful development and validation of a porous silicon recipe process. Additionally, the design and fabrication of a porous silicon membrane for transport testing is also documented. The fabricated porous silicon membranes had 10 ± 2.2 nm diameter pores and a pore surface density of 23.05%. The pore size and pore distribution were based on image analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imaging. The porous silicon membranes were tested in the custom designed and built permeation set-up to show that membranes of diameter 1.2 cm and thickness 10 ± 1.3 μm were able to sustain osmotic gradients of 4.825 atm and demonstrate transport of water across the nanopores. It was determined that non-functionalized membranes, during a 24-hour period, were able to desalt a 100 mM NaCl solution by, 24.25 ± 1.63%.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 in Pancreatic Juice for Diagnosis of Pancreatic Cancer (2002)

Our observation suggests that detection of active MMP-2 in pancreatic juice using gelatin zymography may be useful for the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.
Microstrip Filter Design Including Dispersion Effects and Radiation Losses. (1985)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/21011/2/rl0806.0001.001.pdf
A generalized approach to design CT &#x03A3;&#x0394;Ms based on FIR DAC (2010)

In this paper, a generic and simple approach to design Continuous-Time Sigma-Delta Modulators (CT ΣΔMs) based on Finite Impulse Response Digital-to-Analog Converter (FIR DAC) is introduced. The numerical conversion from Continuous-Time to Discrete-Time allows the designer to explore complex modulator architectures and different feedback DAC shapes, without dealing with difficult equations needed in other published design approaches.
DEVICE APPLICATIONS OF THE TERNARY SEMICONDUCTING COMPOUNDS (1975)

A review is presented of the general background and recent progress in device application of the ternary chalcopyrite II-IV-V2 and I-III-VI2 compounds. The main emphasis is on devices for optical and quantum electronics. Topics covered include : and electrical optical characteristics ; nonlinear optical frequency mixing devices ; electro-optic modulators ; lasers ; light-emitting diodes ; photodetectors.
Kirchhoff image propagation (2002)

Abstract Seismic imaging processes are, in general, formulated under the assumption of a correct macrovelocity model. However, seismic subsurface images are very sensitive to the accuracy of the macrovelocity model. This paper investigates how the output of Kirchhoff inversion/migration changes for perturbations of a given 3-D laterally inhomogeneous macrovelocity model. The displacement of a reflector image point from a perturbation of the given velocity model is determined in a first-order approximation by the corresponding traveltime and slowness perturbations as well as the matrix. of the Beylkin determinant. The required traveltime derivatives can be calculated with ray perturbation theory. Using this result, a new, computationally efficient Kirchhoff inversion/migration technique is developed to predict in parallel a series of subsurface images for perturbations of a given macrovelocity model during a single inversion/migration process applied to the unmigrated seismic data. These images are constructed by superposition of the seismic data at predicted image point locations which lie on surfaces that expand from the initial image point as a function of the velocity perturbation. Because of the analogy to Huygens wavefronts in wave propagation, the technique is called Kirchhoff image propagation. A 2-D implementation of Kirchhoff image propagation requires about 1.2 times the computation time of a single migration to calculate a set of propagated images. The propagated images provide good approximations to remigrated images and are applied to migration velocity analysis.
Benefits and incentives for ADS-B equipage in the National Airspace System (2007)

Automatic Dependent Surveillance – Broadcast (ADS-B) is a technology that can replace secondary surveillance radars and enhance cockpit situational awareness. It also has the potential to enable procedures not possible with current surveillance technology that would increase the capacity of the National Airspace System (NAS) in the US. Certain forms of ADS-B also have the bandwidth to upload weather and airspace information into the cockpit. However, prior to achieving the benefits of ADS-B, operators must equip with the technology. In order to voluntarily equip, owners and operators must receive benefits from the technology that outweigh the cost or receive other incentives. Through an online survey of stakeholders, applications of ADS-B with the strongest benefits to users are identified. In-cockpit data link offerings are explored in detail, along with a detailed analysis of ADS-B benefits for Hawaiian helicopter operators. The conclusions of this study are that ADS-B should be implemented in non-radar airspace along with busy terminal areas first to gain the most benefits from non-radar separation applications and traffic awareness applications. Also, the basis for the US dual ADS-B link decision is questioned, with a single 1090-ES based link augmented with satellite data link weather recommended.
Lentivirus vectors expressing short hairpin RNAs against the U3-overlapping region of HIV nef inhibit HIV replication and infectivity in primary macrophages (2006)

Although successful attempts to inhibit HIV-1 replication in T cells using RNAi have been reported, the effect of HIV-specific RNAi on macrophages is not well known. Macrophages are key targets for anti-HIV-1 therapy because they are able to survive long after the initial infection with HIV and can spread the virus to T cells. In this study, we identified a putative RNAi target of HIV, consisting of the portion of the nef gene overlapping the U3 region (Nef366), and generated a lentivirus-based short hairpin RNA (shRNA) expression vector (Lenti shNef366). We show that Lenti shNef366 inhibits (1) HIV-1 replication in a monocytic cell line and in primary monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs), (2) reactivation of latent HIV-1 infection, and (3) the production of secondary HIV-1 from MDMs harboring a genomic copy of Nef366. Moreover, we found that the up-regulated production of macrophage inflammatory protein 1beta (MIP-1beta), but not MIP-1alpha, in MDMs by Nef expression was considerably suppressed by Lenti shNef366, which suggests that HIV-1 dissemination to T cells through its interaction with HIV-1-infected MDMs can also be controlled by Lenti shNef366. Thus, lentivirus-mediated shRNA expression targeting the U3-overlapping region of HIV nef represents a feasible approach to genetic vaccine therapy for HIV-1.