gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The care trust pilgrims (2011)

Purpose This paper seeks to reflect on English care trusts as an example of a structural approach to integration. Design/methodology/approach All current care trusts' chief executives were invited to participate in a semi‐structured interview exploring their experiences. Themes from the interviews were combined with findings from literature and policy review. Findings The current care trusts can identify a number of advantages from combining health and social care into a single organisation. Equally, they also experienced many of the anticipated difficulties, and in hindsight half of those interviewed would recommend other options to achieving better integrated working. Whilst the “commissioning” function of care trusts will not survive beyond March 2013, “provider” care trusts look set to continue and indeed expand their service delivery. They will be joined both by new integrated social enterprises delivering health and social care. Practical implications The experiences of care trusts show the limitations of a single organisational structure as a means to achieve better integration and the impact of a changing national policy landscape on local initiatives. The findings suggest that the current legal flexibilities for integrated working should remain to enable local areas to decide how best to achieve their priorities and to realise the importance of addressing local cultural, practical and leadership issues along with structural barriers. Originality/value This paper provides a reflection on the ten years since the option of care trusts were available in England and adds to the current literature which focuses on individual care trusts' development and impact.
Corneal sensitivity in aphakic and pseudophakic eyes. (1988)

L'aphaque equipe de lentilles souples a port prolonge doit etre etroitement suivi pour rechercher d'eventuelles complications corneennes
FDTD- based TTEM Cell field distribution (2008)

By taking advantage of FDTD with Murpsilas 2 order absorbing boundary condition, this paper made specific analysis on the field distribution of the principal part of TTEM cell. The relationship among the dimension of EUT (equipment under test) and the evenness of field distribution and the characteristic impedances are given. This can provide theoretical basis for the design of TTEM cell.
Human Plasma Phospholipid Transfer Protein Increases the Antiatherogenic Potential of High Density Lipoproteins in Transgenic Mice (2000)

Plasma phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) transfers phospholipids between lipoprotein particles and alters high density lipoprotein (HDL) subfraction patterns in vitro, but its physiological function is poorly understood. Transgenic mice that overexpress human PLTP were generated. Compared with wild-type mice, these mice show a 2.5- to 4.5-fold increase in PLTP activity in plasma. This results in a 30% to 40% decrease of plasma levels of HDL cholesterol. Incubation of plasma from transgenic animals at 37 degrees C reveals a 2- to 3-fold increase in the formation of pre-beta-HDL compared with plasma from wild-type mice. Although pre-beta-HDL is normally a minor subfraction of HDL, it is known to be a very efficient acceptor of peripheral cell cholesterol and a key mediator in reverse cholesterol transport. Further experiments show that plasma from transgenic animals is much more efficient in preventing the accumulation of intracellular cholesterol in macrophages than plasma from wild-type mice, despite lower total HDL concentrations. It is concluded that PLTP can act as an antiatherogenic factor preventing cellular cholesterol overload by generation of pre-beta-HDL.
Optimizing information exchange in cooperative multi-agent systems (2003)

Decentralized control of a cooperative multi-agent system is the problem faced by multiple decision-makers that share a common set of objectives. The decision-makers may be robots placed at separate geographical locations or computational processes distributed in an information space. It may be impossible or undesirable for these decision-makers to share all their knowledge all the time. Furthermore, exchanging information may incur a cost associated with the required bandwidth or with the risk of revealing it to competing agents. Assuming that communication may not be reliable adds another dimension of complexity to the problem.This paper develops a decision-theoretic solution to this problem, treating both standard actions and communication as explicit choices that the decision maker must consider. The goal is to derive both action policies and communication policies that together optimize a global value function. We present an analytical model to evaluate the trade-off between the cost of communication and the value of the information received. Finally, to address the complexity of this hard optimization problem, we develop a practical approximation technique based on myopic meta-level control of communication.
Arraying prostate specific antigen PSA and Fab anti‐PSA using light‐assisted molecular immobilization technology (2010)

We here report for the first time the creation of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and Fab anti-PSA biosensor arrays using UV light-assisted molecular immobilization (LAMI), aiming at the detection and quantification of PSA, a cancer marker. The technology involves formation of free, reactive thiol groups upon UV excitation of protein aromatic residues located in spatial proximity of disulphide bridges, a conserved structural feature in both PSA and Fab molecules. The created thiol groups bind onto thiol reactive surfaces leading to oriented covalent protein immobilization. Protein activity was confirmed carrying out immunoassays: immobilized PSA was recognized by Fab anti-PSA in solution and immobilized Fab anti-PSA cross-reacted with PSA in solution. LAMI technology proved successful in immobilizing biomedically relevant molecules while preserving their activity, highlighting that insight into how light interacts with biomolecules may lead to new biophotonic technologies. Our work focused on the application of our new engineering principles to the design, analysis, construction, and manipulation of biological systems, and on the discovery and application of new engineering principles inspired by the properties of biological systems.
Functions of Added Calcium in Acid Milk Coagulation (1994)

ABSTRACT Changes in calcium solubilization and rennet reaction rate were investigated after the addition of calcium (6.25 mM) to reconstituted milk. Analysis of soluble and ionic calcium showed that distribution of added calcium was very fast (60 and 25 min, respectively), and that micelles of enriched milk remained more mineralized at pH 6.70 to 5.00. In the presence of sufficient amounts of rennet and hydrogen ions, K‐CSSeh hydrolysis and aggregation rates were increased by addition of calcium. The calcium supplement led to extended maintenance of the micellar structure and to a more easily drained curd. Thus, it could be used advantageously for lactic acid cheese making.
Exploiting the parallelism available in loops (1994)

Because a loop's body often executes many times, loops provide a rich opportunity for exploiting parallelism. This article explains scheduling techniques and compares results on different architectures. Since parallel architectures differ in synchronization overhead, instruction scheduling constraints, memory latencies, and implementation details, determining the best approach for exploiting parallelism can be difficult. To indicate their performance potential, this article surveys several architectures and compilation techniques using a common notation and consistent terminology. First we develop the critical dependence ratio to determine a loop's maximum possible parallelism, given infinite hardware. Then we look at specific architectures and techniques. Loops can provide a large portion of the parallelism available in an application program, since the iterations of a loop may be executed many times. To exploit this parallelism, however, one must look beyond a single basic block or a single iteration for independent operations. The choice of technique depends on the underlying architecture of the parallel machine and the characteristics of each individual loop.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Romani Performance and Heritage Tourism: The Pilgrimage of the Gypsies at Les Saintes-Maries-de-la-Mer (2005)

Every May some ten thousand Romanies (aka Gypsies) perform a pilgrimage to Les Saintes-Maries-de-le-Mer, a remote fishing village in the south of France. Their annual gathering has developed into a popular festival of Romani culture that spawns its own pilgrimage of tourists and journalists—as well as some tension between the townspeople and the Romani.
A novel 3-D integrated RTD-HFET frequency multiplier (2002)

A frequency multiplier circuit using a resonant tunneling diode (RTD) as a load of a HFET is developed. Based on 3D-monolithic integration on a semi-insulating InP-substrate, a demonstrator is realised generating odd higher harmonics with high efficiency. The multiplier is highly compact and combines amplification of the fundamental frequency in the HFET with the high switching performance of the RTD. The Microwave Design System is used to evaluate its ultra high frequency potential predicting 0.115 times the voltage amplitude of the fundamental input signal for the third harmonic at 100 GHz. Optimization of the circuit design and the RTD-layer structure on top of the HFET with respect to the peak and valley parameters will increase the efficiency.
Embedded delta modulation (1988)

In an embedded delta modulation (EDM) encoder, a supplemental pulse-code-modulation (PCM) encoder processes the error signal of a delta modulator. The PCM and DM bit streams are multiplexed and then transmitted. The decoder adds and then filters the analog versions of the separately decoded PCM and DM signals. To enhance the efficiency of EDM, it is desirable to filter and decimate the DM error signal prior to PCM encoding. Corresponding filtering and decimation of the decoded DM signal is then required. The theory of both full-rate and reduced-rate EDM, which include filtering and decimation, is presented. The performance of these codes are those of compared to PCM, DM, and two embedded codes, embedded-differential PCM and multistage DM. It is found that reduced-rate EDM has a higher signal-to-noise ratio than DM and PCM. It is comparable in performance to multistage DM but simpler to implement. The signal-to-noise ratio of EDM is lower than that of embedded DPCM. However, EDM is simpler to implement, and the signal-to-noise ratio penalty is less than 2.6 dB over a range of transmission rates of practical interest.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interrogation technique for TFBG-SPR refractometers based on differential orthogonal light states (2011)

The generation of near-IR surface plasmon resonance in gold-coated tilted fiber Bragg gratings is strongly dependent on both the polarization state of the transmission light and the property of confining materials (including the coating materials and surrounding media). These dependencies can be advantageously used to demodulate the amplitude spectrum and retrieve the surrounding refractive index. In this paper, we present an automated demodulation technique that measures the surrounding refractive index by comparing the differential amplitude of resonance peaks near the plasmon attenuation for two orthogonal amplitude spectra recorded in the same operating conditions. A mean sensitivity of more than 500 nm per refractive index unit is reported. This new refractive index measurement method is shown to be accurate to 5×10(-5) over a full range of 0.01 in water solutions.
A Self-Scrutinized Backoff Mechanism for IEEE 802.11ax in 5G Unlicensed Networks (2018)

The IEEE 802.11ax high-efficiency wireless local area network (HEW) is promising as a foundation for evolving the fifth-generation (5G) radio access network on unlicensed bands (5G-U). 5G-U is a continued effort toward rich ubiquitous communication infrastructures, promising faster and reliable services for the end user. HEW is likely to provide four times higher network efficiency even in highly dense network deployments. However, the current wireless local area network (WLAN) itself faces huge challenge of efficient radio access due to its contention-based nature. WLAN uses a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) procedure in medium access control (MAC) protocols, which is based on a binary exponential backoff (BEB) mechanism. Blind increase and decrease of the contention window in BEB limits the performance of WLAN to a limited number of contenders, thus affecting end-user quality of experience. In this paper, we identify future use cases of HEW proposed for 5G-U networks. We use a self-scrutinized channel observation-based scaled backoff (COSB) mechanism to handle the high-density contention challenges. Furthermore, a recursive discrete-time Markov chain model (R-DTMC) is formulated to analyze the performance efficiency of the proposed solution. The analytical and simulation results show that the proposed mechanism can improve user experience in 5G-U networks.
Characterization of the free radical of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase. (1982)

Mouse fibroblast 3T6 cells, selected for resistance to hydroxyurea, were shown to overproduce protein M2, one of the two nonidentical subunits of mammalian ribonucleotide reductase. Packed resistant cells gave an EPR signal at 77 K very much resembling the signal given by the tyrosine-free radical of the B2 subunit of Escherichia coli ribonucleotide reductase. Also, the M2-specific free radical was shown to be located at a tyrosine residue. Of the known tyrosine-free radicals of ribonucleotide reductases from E. coli, bacteriophage T4 infected E. coli and pseudorabies virus infected mouse L cells, the M2-specific EPR signal is most closely similar to the signal of the T4 radical. The small differences in the low temperature EPR signals between these four highly conserved tyrosine-free radical structures can be explained by slightly different angles of the beta-methylene group in relation to the plane of the aromatic ring of tyrosine, reflecting different conformations of the polypeptide chain around the tyrosines. The pronounced difference in microwave saturation between the E. coli B2 tyrosine radical EPR signal and the M2 signal could be due to their different interactions with unspecific paramagnetic ions or with the antiferromagnetically coupled iron pair, shown to be present in the E. coli enzyme and postulated also for the mammalian enzyme. A difference in the iron-radical center between the bacterial and mammalian ribonucleotide reductase is also observed in the ability to regenerate the free radical structure. In contrast to the B2 radical, the M2 tyrosine free radical could be regenerated by merely adding dithiothreitol in the presence of O2 to a cell extract where the radical had previously been destroyed by hydroxyurea treatment.
Cricoarytenoid subluxation: complication of blind intubation with a lighted stylet. (1989)

Transillumination of the cervical airway with the light wand for blind intubation is a valuable adjunct to anesthesiologists and emergency room physicians, particularly for management of the complicated airway in which direct visualization of the larynx is not possible. However, as an alternative to traditional methods, this technique should be practiced in simple cases before it is attempted in more difficult airway cases. The technique is easy to learn but requires practice to master. The incidence of complications remains low but complications may be serious when they occur. We present a case of cricoarytenoid subluxation after blind intubation with a lighted stylet.
IMPROVED COMPOSITE RIGHT/LEFT-HANDED CELL FOR LEAKY-WAVE ANTENNA (2011)

An improved composite right/left-handed (CRLH) unit cell optimized for a leaky-wave (LW) antenna is presented. This CRLH cell consists of a series of one transmission line, an interdigital capacitor, another transmission line and a shunt shorted stub. Introducing the transmission lines, the parasitic self-resonances of the capacitor are shifted outside the operational band, the radiation range is extended and the transition frequency at which the balanced cell condition is achieved can be chosen in the design process from a broader range of frequencies. The characteristics and performances of the proposed cell are verifled by simulation and by measuring two artiflcial transmission lines.
Down‐regulation of microRNA 106b is involved in p21‐mediated cell cycle arrest in response to radiation in prostate cancer cells (2010)

We have shown a novel role of miR-106b, in the setting of radiation treatment, in regulating the p21-activated cell cycle arrest. Our finding that miR-106b is able to override radiation-induced cell cycle arrest and cell growth inhibition points to a potential therapeutic target in certain prostate cancer cells whose radiation resistance is likely due to consistently elevated level of miR-106b.
制造更精 专业取胜——GGB公司的金属-聚合物滑动轴承 (2007)

从1887年开始．O．F．Garlock先生注册了他的第一个工业密封系统的专利，1910年开始生产滑动轴承，1958年建立了Garlock公司（Garlock Incoperation）,那么今天企业发展的情况怎么样了？
Design the Remote Control System With the Time-Delay Estimator and the Adaptive Smith Predictor (2009)

In real applications, a remote control system is generally an integration of different networks consisting of a commercial network for message transmission and an industrial network to control the remote hardware through a communication gateway. Since the induced time-delay in network control system (NCS) may cause system instability, this paper proposes a remote NCS structure by implementing the adaptive Smith predictor with an online time-delay estimator. As the delay in a commercial network Ethernet is significantly time-varying depending on the number of end-users, the delay is estimated in this paper by processing the online measurement of the round-trip time (RTT) between the application layers of the server and the client. The adaptive Smith predictor control scheme is developed by directly applying the estimated time-delay. To prove the feasibility of the proposed remote control system, the developed design has been applied to an AC 400 W servo motor tested from a 15 km distance. The experimental results indicate that the significantly improved stability and motion accuracy can be reliably achieved by applying the proposed approach.
964. Cyclic amidines. Part XIV. Derivatives of 7H-5,6a,12-triazabenz[a]anthracene (1960)

K. Butler, M. W. Partridge and J. A. Waite, J. Chem. Soc., 1960, 4970 DOI: 10.1039/JR9600004970
Stereoselective Synthesis of <i>cis</i>-2-Fluorocyclopropanecarboxylic Acid (2014)

A rhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation of 1-fluoro-1-(phenylsulfonyl)ethylene and diazo esters is described as an effective method for the stereoselective synthesis of cis-2-fluorocyclopropanecarboxylic acid. This process provides an example of the cyclopropanation of electron-deficient olefin and diazoacetates.
Structural Analysis of the 14-3-3ζ/Chibby Interaction Involved in Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling (2015)

The partially disordered Chibby (Cby) is a conserved nuclear protein that antagonizes the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. By competing with the Tcf/Lef family proteins for binding to β-catenin, Cby abrogates the β-catenin-mediated transcription of Wnt signaling genes. Additionally, upon phosphorylation on S20 by the kinase Akt, Cby forms a complex with 14-3-3 to facilitate the nuclear export of β-catenin, which represents another crucial mechanism for the regulation of Wnt signaling. To obtain a mechanistic understanding of the 14-3-3/Cby interaction, we have extensively characterized the complex using X-ray crystallography, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). The crystal structure of the human 14-3-3ζ/Cby protein-peptide complex reveals a canonical binding mode; however the residue at the +2 position from the phosphorylated serine is shown to be uniquely oriented relative to other solved structures of 14-3-3 complexes. Our ITC results illustrate that although the phosphorylation of S20 is essential for Cby to recognize 14-3-3, residues flanking the phosphorylation site also contribute to the binding affinity. However, as is commonly observed in other 14-3-3/phosphopeptide crystal structures, residues of Cby flanking the 14-3-3 binding motif lack observable electron density. To obtain a more detailed binding interface, we have completed the backbone NMR resonance assignment of 14-3-3ζ. NMR titration experiments reveal that residues outside of the 14-3-3 conserved binding cleft, namely a flexible loop consisting of residues 203-210, are also involved in binding Cby. By using a combined X-ray and NMR approach, we have dissected the molecular basis of the 14-3-3/Cby interaction.
A Microcomputer-Based Fault-Tolerant Control System for Industrial Applications (1985)

The concept and development of a fault-tolerant control system and the results of its real-time application using commercial microprocessors are presented. The system incorporates (via recursive filtering) on-line detection and reconfiguration of faulty equipment, sensor calibration, and information display within a structure that relies on alternatively configured regulators for plant control under different operational modes; these regulators are designed on the basis of analytically derived control laws and using a rule-based heuristic approach. Each critical input signal is a weighted average of all valid measurements of the appropriate plant variable where the weighting matrix is adaptively updated as a function of a posteriori probabilities of failure of these redundant measurements. Since the weight of a degraded measurement is smoothly reduced, eventual isolation of this fault does not cause an abrupt change in the estimate of the measured variable, and therefore, the feedback control system remains ``bumpless.'' The automated system has been shown to be tolerant of equipment failure(s), sensor degradation and noise, and certain types of process malfunctions, disturbances, and uncertainties by experimentation at the MIT nuclear research reactor.
Comprehensive analysis of sequence‐specific stability of siRNA (2010)

ABSTRACT Double‐stranded small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are important modulators of biological processes and hold great promise for therapeutic applications. However, serum processing of synthetic siRNAs is still largely unknown. To address this issue, serum degradation assays of 125 siRNAs were first performed in this study. Four siRNA categories of distinct serum stability were identified, including a group of siRNAs that were stable in their native form for both in vitro and in vivo assays. Fine mapping of the cleavage events occurring in serum treatment demonstrated that most occurred at two vulnerable sites, leading to a speculation that rational modification of these sites might protect most siRNAs from serum degradation. For proof of concept, an exhaustive siRNA modification study was performed. In addition to the consistent stabilization pattern revealed at these sites, our study further showed that a single modification made at the cleavage site stabilized the siRNAs to a large extent, highlighting the importance of these sites in siRNA degradation. In summary, the present study provided a comprehensive picture of serum processing of siRNA as well as a starting point for a rational siRNA modification strategy, both of which are of great importance to in vivo and therapeutic applications of siRNA.— Hong, J., Huang, Y., Li, J., Yi, F., Zheng, J., Huang H., Wei, N., Shan, Y, An, M., Zhang, H.,JiJ., Zhang, P., Xi, Z., Du, Q., Liang, Z. Comprehensive analysis of sequence‐specific stability of small interfering RNA. FASEB J. 24, 4844–4855 (2010). www.fasebj.org