gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sodium cromoglycate: evidence of tachykinin antagonist activity in the human skin (1993)

The mechanism of action of the antiasthmatic drug sodium cromoglycate (SCG) is unclear. One possibility is that SCG antagonizes the effects of the tachykinin substance P (SP), an agent known to cause airway edema. However, when SP is inhaled by humans, it has no demonstrable effect on airway function; therefore, the possibility that SCG prevents SP-induced changes in microvascular permeability was examined in human skin in vivo where potent edema-producing effects are seen. SCG (5-500 nmol) caused significant (P < 0.05) dose-dependent inhibition of SP-induced edema (wheal) formation when coadministered by intradermal injection. There was no effect on the nonreceptor-mediated flare response. SCG also significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the wheal response to the related tachykinin neurokinin B but had no inhibitory effect on the cutaneous responses to histamine and prostaglandin E2. In addition, SCG (0.1-10 mM) caused dose-dependent inhibition of binding of SP labeled with 125I-labeled Bolton-Hunter to a number of tissues known to contain SP binding sites, as assessed by autoradiography. These concentrations were equivalent to the final concentrations of SCG found to inhibit the wheal response in the skin. The possibility that SCG interacted with SP was investigated both by gel filtration and high-performance liquid chromatography. No strong interaction was demonstrated with an 8,000 M excess of SCG under both hydrophobic and hydrophilic conditions. These results raise the possibility that SCG may have tachykinin antagonist properties.
Liver mitochondrial cytochrome P450 CYP27 and recombinant-expressed human CYP27 catalyze 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. (1994)

A cytochrome P450 catalyzing 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 was purified from pig liver mitochondria. It also catalyzed 27-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3. The ratio between the 1 alpha-, 27-, and 25-hydroxylase activities remained essentially constant during the purification. Substrates for sterol 27-hydroxylase CYP27 inhibited and a monoclonal antibody raised against CYP27 immunoprecipitated the 1 alpha-, 27-, and 25-hydroxylase activities. Apparently homogeneous preparations of CYP27 from pig and rabbit liver mitochondria catalyzed 1 alpha-hydroxylation. Human liver mitochondrial CYP27 was expressed from its cDNA in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence encoding the N terminus of CYP27 was modified in the first eight codons to achieve expression in E. coli. The purified recombinant-expressed CYP27 reconstituted with the electron-transferring system of adrenal mitochondria catalyzed 1 alpha-hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3. Expression of unmodified CYP27 cDNA in simian COS cells confirmed the 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity toward 25-hydroxyvitamin D3.
Photon Collection Efficiency of Fluorescent Solar Collectors (2007)

Photon collection efficiency of fluorescent collectors is examined experimentally and by modelling, with a view to assess the potential of this attractive solar energy technology. The edge fluorescence of single dye collectors based on Rhodamine 6G and Coumarin 540A, manufactured by a simple fabrication technique, is investigated in detail. A novel technique for determination of the collection efficiency is presented based on the traditional model of fluorescent collectors but extended to allow spectral analysis. We show that these results agree well with direct solar cell measurements. General conclusions are presented about fundamental loss mechanisms and about the role of re-absorption of fluorescent light. It is shown that substantial improvements in collector efficiency can be made with the use of photonic fluorescence confinement rather than by total internal reflection.
Advanced amplitude- and phase coded formats for 40-Gb/s fiber transmission (2004)

Various modulation formats for 40-Gb/s optical transmission are reviewed. We also experimentally compare a number of recently proposed modulation formats for single-channel transmission over standard single-mode fiber.
The ‘infinity cell’: A new trapped‐ion cell with radiofrequency covered trapping electrodes for fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (1991)

Abstract The excitation event in Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry is optimized in order to obtain more reliable relative signal intensities and enhance the ion‐selection performance in multi‐tandem mass spectrometric experiments. Standard trapped‐ion cells suffer from the undesirable ejection of ions along the symmetry axis ( z ‐axis) of the cell, which is oriented parallel to the magnetic field lines. This z ‐eiection effect is difficult to predict, and thus difficult to avoid, especially when complicated broad‐band excitation schemes are applied to the ions. An improved trapped‐ion cell design, referred to as the ‘Infinity Cell’, is discussed which eliminates z ‐ejection. The Infinity Cell concept is based on the finding that it is possible to model the electric excitation field of an infinitely long cell with a cell of finite dimensions. The virtual elimination of z‐ejection effects is demonstrated in several suitable experiments by comparing the operation of the standard cell and the Infinity Cell.
THE PRACTICAL USE OF A NEW PHEROMONE FOR THE WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH (<i>TINEOLA BISSELLIELLA</i>) (1994)

"THE PRACTICAL USE OF A NEW PHEROMONE FOR THE WEBBING CLOTHES MOTH (TINEOLA BISSELLIELLA)." Studies in Conservation, 39(sup1), p. 20
A series of 31 radio soundings at Cambridge, Massachusetts, in February and March 1937 (1937)

On December 10, 1936, at 3:55 a.m., two small balloons, carrying a Harvard radio‐meteorograph, were released from Blue Hill Meteorological Observatory, near Boston, Massachusetts. The radio‐meteorograph measured the temperature, the humidity, and the pressure of the air at all heights up to 25,000 feet (8 km) and relayed this information back to the ground by a short‐wave radio‐transmitter contained in the instrument. The signals were received and recorded as a graph on the ground. The data obtained were immediately reduced and the weather‐information relayed to the central office of the United states Weather Bureau at Washington, D.C. This radio sounding was the first successful radio sounding in America for the immediate benefit of the entire weather‐service.
Field study of sandstone acidizing (1976)

This study was made to determine what factors most influence sandstone acidizing success and production response in field treatments. A statistical analysis of 222 treatments in both oil and gas wells in fields along the Gulf Coast and west coast show that the most critical factors to successful stimulation are mud acid volume and treating pressure. The optimum response was obtained with mud acid volumes in the range of 125 to 200 gal/ft of perforated interval and the poorest treatment response occurred when acid was injected at pressures in excess of fracturing pressure. Treatments employing certain surfactants appeared to stimulate water preferentially while those employing a mutual solvent without a surfactant preferentially stimulated oil or did not change watercut. In areas containing highly asphaltic crudes, an aromatic solvent was found to be beneficial.
Leukotriene E4 Activates Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor γ and Induces Prostaglandin D2 Generation by Human Mast Cells (2008)

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cys-LTs) are potent inflammatory lipid mediators, of which leukotriene (LT) E(4) is the most stable and abundant in vivo. Although only a weak agonist of established G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) for cys-LTs, LTE(4) potentiates airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) by a cyclooxygenase (COX)-dependent mechanism and induces bronchial eosinophilia. We now report that LTE(4) activates human mast cells (MCs) by a pathway involving cooperation between an MK571-sensitive GPCR and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)gamma, a nuclear receptor for dietary lipids. Although LTD(4) is more potent than LTE(4) for inducing calcium flux by the human MC sarcoma line LAD2, LTE(4) is more potent for inducing proliferation and chemokine generation, and is at least as potent for upregulating COX-2 expression and causing prostaglandin D(2) (PGD(2)) generation. LTE(4) caused phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), p90RSK, and cyclic AMP-regulated-binding protein (CREB). ERK activation in response to LTE(4), but not to LTD(4), was resistant to inhibitors of phosphoinositol 3-kinase. LTE(4)-mediated COX-2 induction, PGD(2) generation, and ERK phosphorylation were all sensitive to interference by the PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 and to targeted knockdown of PPARgamma. Although LTE(4)-mediated PGD(2) production was also sensitive to MK571, an antagonist for the type 1 receptor for cys-LTs (CysLT(1)R), it was resistant to knockdown of this receptor. This LTE(4)-selective receptor-mediated pathway may explain the unique physiologic responses of human airways to LTE(4) in vivo.
Selecting Paradigms From Cognitive Neuroscience for Translation into Use in Clinical Trials: Proceedings of the Third CNTRICS Meeting (2008)

This overview describes the goals and objectives of the third conference conducted as part of the Cognitive Neuroscience Treatment Research to Improve Cognition in Schizophrenia (CNTRICS) initiative. This third conference was focused on selecting specific paradigms from cognitive neuroscience that measured the constructs identified in the first CNTRICS meeting, with the goal of facilitating the translation of these paradigms into use in clinical trials contexts. To identify such paradigms, we had an open nomination process in which the field was asked to nominate potentially relevant paradigms and to provide information on several domains relevant to selecting the most promising tasks for each construct (eg, construct validity, neural bases, psychometrics, availability of animal models). Our goal was to identify 1-2 promising tasks for each of the 11 constructs identified at the first CNTRICS meeting. In this overview article, we describe the on-line survey used to generate nominations for promising tasks, the criteria that were used to select the tasks, the rationale behind the criteria, and the ways in which breakout groups worked together to identify the most promising tasks from among those nominated. This article serves as an introduction to the set of 6 articles included in this special issue that provide information about the specific tasks discussed and selected for the constructs from each of 6 broad domains (working memory, executive control, attention, long-term memory, perception, and social cognition).
Selective inhibition of serine proteases by alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chloride (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelective inhibition of serine proteases by alkyldimethylbenzylammonium chlorideChristian Flschwabe and Elliot FeldbauCite this: Biochemistry 1971, 10, 11, 2131–2138Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00787a027https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00787a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views91Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Speech recognition complexity reduction using decimation of cepstral time trajectories (2000)

The usage of speech recognition technology has become common in a variety of applications ranging from desktop computers with dictation engines to mobile devices with speaker-dependent name dialing. While dictation software is solely run on powerful desktop PCs with huge amounts of memory available mobile devices have limited memory and computational resources. In order to implement speech recognition algorithms into mobile devices, the complexity of the algorithms has to meet the capabilities of the device. This paper addresses the problem of complexity and memory constraints in mobile devices. A specific approach called time domain decimation of feature vectors is presented. This general signal processing technique can be applied to speech recognition due to the band-limited modulation spectrum of the feature vector time trajectories. By decimating the feature vector stream of 100 frames per second by factors of 2 to 5, the complexity of the speech recognizer can be reduced proportionally to the decimation factor. Experiments with name dialing task show that decimation factor of 4 can be used without any significant degradation in the performance of the speech recognizer. With the proposed method, the computational complexity can be reduced by 70% and over 60% save in RAM usage can be obtained.
Evaluation of human transferrin radiolabeled with N-succinimidyl 4-[fluorine-18](fluoromethyl) benzoate. (1996)

[18F]holo-transferrin displays the properties of native transferrin and appears suitable for quantitative evaluation of transferrin kinetics in vivo.
Plants in the Development of Modern Medicine (1972)

Plants in the development of modern medicine , Plants in the development of modern medicine , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
Regenerative brake system for small scale electric bus (2014)

This paper proposes a regenerative braking system for a small-scale prototype applied to an electric bus, which is driven by a DC motor. The employed topology is based on two bidirectional DC-DC converters, cascaded connected, and with specific energy control function to provide energy flux between accumulators and motor drive. The recovered energy provided for the traction motor, when operating as a generator, is stored in a supercapacitor pack, which can feed the Li-Ion battery packs, depending on their charge conditions. Using MatLab-Simulink integrated to a DSpace platform for the control logic development, a prototype was designed for practical investigation. Finally, it should be informed that the experimental results from this prototype will be presented in a future paper.
Thematic Review Series: Proteomics. An integrated omics analysis of eicosanoid biology (2009)

Eicosanoids have been implicated in a vast number of devastating inflammatory conditions, including arthritis, atherosclerosis, pain, and cancer. Currently, over a hundred different eicosanoids have been identified, with many having potent bioactive signaling capacity. These lipid metabolites are synthesized de novo by at least 50 unique enzymes, many of which have been cloned and characterized. Due to the extensive characterization of eicosanoid biosynthetic pathways, this field provides a unique framework for integrating genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics toward the investigation of disease pathology. To facilitate a concerted systems biology approach, this review outlines the proteins implicated in eicosanoid biosynthesis and signaling in human, mouse, and rat. Applications of the extensive genomic and lipidomic research to date illustrate the questions in eicosanoid signaling that could be uniquely addressed by a thorough analysis of the entire eicosanoid proteome.
Relationships between High Oxygen Extraction Fraction in the Acute Stage and Final Infarction in Reversible Middle Cerebral Artery Occlusion: An Investigation in Anesthetized Baboons with Positron Emission Tomography (1996)

Studies in humans suggest that regions that show maximal increases in brain oxygen extraction fraction (OEF) in the hours following an ischemic episode are those most vulnerable for infarction and are often, although not always, associated with the final site of infarction. To clarify this issue, we followed the hemodynamic and metabolic characteristics of regions with an initially maximally increased OEF and compared them with the ultimately infarcted region in an experimental stroke model. Positron emission tomography (PET) was used to obtain functional images of the brain prior to and following reversible unilateral middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in 11 anesthetized baboons. To model early reperfusion, the clips were removed 6 h after occlusion. Successive measurements of regional CBF (rCBF), regional CMRO2 (rCMRO2), regional cerebral blood volume, and regional OEF (rOEF) were performed during the acute (up to 2 days) and chronic (> 15 days) stage. Late magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans (co-registered with PET) were obtained to identify infarction. Reversible MCAO produced an MRI-measurable infarction in 6 of 11 baboons; the others had no evidence of ischemic damage. Histological analysis confirmed the results of the MRI investigation but failed to show any evidence of cortical ischemic damage. The lesion was restricted to the head of the caudate nucleus, internal capsule, and putamen. The infarct volume obtained was 0.58 +/- 0.31 cm3. The infarcts were situated in the deep MCA territory, while the area of initially maximally increased OEF was within the cortical mantle. The mean absolute rCBF value in the infarct region of interest (ROI) was not significantly lower than in the highest-OEF ROI until 1-2 days post-MCAO. Cerebral metabolism in the deep MCA territory was always significantly lower than that of the cortical mantle; decreases in CMRO2 in the former region were evident as early as 1 h post-MCAO. In the cortical mantle, the rOEF was initially significantly higher than in the infarct-to-be zone. Subsequently, the OEF declined in both regions. The differences in the time course of changes in CMRO2 and OEF between these two regions, with the eventually infarcted area showing earlier metabolic degradation and in turn decline in OEF, presumably underlie their different final outcomes. In conclusion, following MCAO, the region that shows an early maximal increase in the OEF is both topographically and physiologically distinct from the region with final consolidated infarction if reperfusion is allowed at 6 h. This high OEF, although indicative of a threatened condition, is not an indicator of inescapable consolidated infarction and is thus a situation in which therapy could be envisaged. Whether or not it is at risk of infarction and thus constitutes one target for therapy remains to be seen.
Improved numerical stability of sparse matrix reduction method (2003)

Sparse matrix reduction is a method for solving sets of linear algebraic equations with a sparse coefficient matrix, which occur in circuit analysis. A sparse set is reduced to a much smaller full set by multiple back substitutions. No fill-ins are generated: hence the method is easily implemented and requires simple data structure and a simple algorithm. Numerical error mainly arises in the back substitution process. The error can be reduced by proper permutation of the set that maintains a narrow border of the permuted matrix, while putting the largest possible coefficients on the main diagonal of the triangular part.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neutral amino acid transport by the blood-brain barrier. Membrane vesicle studies. (1992)

Endothelial cell membranes, the site of the blood-brain barrier, were obtained from the capillaries of cow brain. The luminal and abluminal membranes were separated by centrifugation on a discontinuous Ficoll gradient. Electron microscopy revealed that the membrane preparations consisted almost entirely of sealed vesicles. The release of latent enzyme activity showed that both membrane preparations were primarily right side out. Radiolabeled L-phenylalanine uptake by luminal vesicles was proportional to membrane protein concentration, with less than 10% binding. Transport was by a high affinity carrier (Km 11.8 +/- 0.1 microM, asymptotic standard error) that showed little or no stereospecificity, and was independent of Na+ or H+ gradients. Transport was inhibited by L-tryptophan, L-leucine, 2-aminobicyclo[2,2,1]heptane-2-carboxylate and D-phenylalanine, but not by N-(methylamino)-isobutyrate. Abluminal membranes showed an additional component in which a Na+ gradient accelerated the transport of both phenylalanine and N-(methylamino)-isobutyrate. These studies demonstrate the utility of membrane vesicles as a model to characterize the transport properties of the distinct membranes of the polar endothelial cells that form the blood-brain barrier.
Fiber LPG Mode Converters and Mode Selection Technique for Multimode SDM (2012)

The use of multimode fibers in mode division multiplexed space-division multiplexing systems offers one solution to the capacity limitations of single-mode fiber transmission. Passive components to control the individual modes in few-mode fiber (FMF) are key elements to build more complex modules and components necessary for a high performance system. Fiber-based mode converters are important elements in the FMF mux/demux, and long-period gratings have been investigated to provide mode conversion in two- and four-mode fibers. A method to separate and monitor the modes in real time is described as the basis of a method to measure the individual modal performance of a component during fabrication.
A monoclonal antibody, MN13, that recognizes specifically a novel substance between the postacrosomal sheath and the overlying plasma membrane in the mammalian sperm head (1991)

Monoclonal antibody MN13 raised against mouse spermatozoa specifically recognizes the postacrosomal region of the sperm head in several mammalian species. Colloidal gold-immunoelectron microscopy of demembranated mouse spermatozoa indicated that the antigen is associated with the outer layer of the periodic substructure apparently linking the postacrosomal sheath to the overlying plasma membrane. The antigen recognized by MN13 may contribute to the intimate association of the postacrosomal sheath with the overlying plasma membrane.