gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distant Speech Recognition Using a Microphone Array Network (2010)

In this work, spatial information consisting of the position and orientation angle of an acoustic source is estimated by an artificial neural network (ANN). The estimated position of a speaker in an enclosed space is used to refine the estimated time delays for a delay-and-sum beamformer, thus enhancing the output signal. On the other hand, the orientation angle is used to restrict the lexicon used in the recognition phase, assuming that the speaker faces a particular direction while speaking. To compensate the effect of the transmission channel inside a short frame analysis window, a new cepstral mean normalization (CMN) method based on a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) is investigated and shows better performance than the conventional CMN for short utterances. The performance of the proposed method is evaluated through Japanese digit/command recognition experiments.
Cholecystokinin A and B Receptor mRNA Expression in Human Pancreas (1999)

Little information is available on the expression of cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors in the human pancreas, especially in the developing pancreas. We evaluated expression patterns for the CCK receptors in human pancreas at three different ages: fetus, infant, and adult. Expressions of CCK-A and CCK-B receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) were studied in human midtrimester fetus (14-15 weeks' gestation), infant (50 days old), and adult pancreas by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) followed by Southern blot analysis. Expression levels of mRNA for both receptors also were evaluated by Northern blot analysis of adult pancreas. Northern blot analysis showed a strong signal for CCK-B receptor mRNA in adult pancreas, but no detectable signal for CCK-A receptor mRNA. However, RT-PCR/Southern blotting showed the presence of CCK-A receptor mRNA in adult pancreas. This was confirmed by sequencing of the complementary DNA (cDNA). RT-PCR/Southern blot analysis also showed CCK-A and CCK-B receptor mRNA expression in fetal and infant pancreas. These results show that the both CCK receptor types are expressed in human pancreas at stages of early gestation, but there is predominant expression of CCK-B receptor in adult pancreas.
Low angle grain boundary transport in YBa2Cu3O7−δ coated conductors (2000)

Second generation, high-temperature superconducting wires are based on buffered, metallic tape substrates of near single crystal texture. Strong alignment of adjacent grains was found to be necessary from previous work that suggested large angle, YBa2Cu3O7−δ [001]-tilt boundaries reduce Jc exponentially with increasing misorientation angle (θ). We pursue the low-θ regime by evaluating single grain boundaries (GB) and biaxially aligned polycrystalline films utilizing both the rolling-assisted biaxially textured substrates and ion-beam assisted deposition coated conductor architectures. Analysis concludes that an exponential dependence on Jc is applicable for θ≳4°, where the spacing between the periodic disordered regions along the GB become smaller than a coherence length.
Estrogen action on the prostate gland: a critical mix of endocrine and paracrine signaling (2007)

Although modern biotechnology has provided us with a greater understanding of the molecular events in endocrine-related diseases, such as benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer, these conditions continue to be a significant healthcare problem world-wide. As the number of men afflicted by these diseases will only continue to grow with the aging population, finding new strategies and new therapeutic options for the treatment of both of these diseases is crucial. A better knowledge of the mechanisms of hormone action is pivotal to making progress in the development of new hormone-based therapies. This is fundamental to increasing our understanding of the endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine signaling mechanisms in the prostate and in prostate disease, distinguishing the effects and role of each, and identifying where and how this communication goes wrong.
Effect of Varenicline on Smoking Cessation Through Smoking Reduction (2015)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT01370356.
An approach for pipelining nested collections in scientific workflows (2005)

We describe an approach for pipelining nested data collections in scientific workflows. Our approach logically delimits arbitrarily nested collections of data tokens using special, paired control tokens inserted into token streams, and provides workflow components with high-level operations for managing these collections. Our framework provides new capabilities for: (1) concurrent operation on collections; (2) on-the-fly customization of workflow component behavior; (3) improved handling of exceptions and faults; and (4) transparent passing of provenance and metadata within token streams. We demonstrate our approach using a workflow for inferring phylogenetic trees. We also describe future extensions to support richer typing mechanisms for facilitating sharing and reuse of workflow components between disciplines. This work represents a step towards our larger goal of exploiting collection-oriented dataflow programming as a new paradigm for scientific workflow systems, an approach we believe will significantly reduce the complexity of creating and reusing workflows and workflow components.
Localization of degradative enzymes and their inhibitors in the degenerate human intervertebral disc (2004)

The histological and biochemical changes that occur in the extracellular matrix of the intervertebral disc (IVD) during ageing and degeneration have been investigated extensively. However, the mechanisms behind these changes are not fully understood. A number of studies have suggested the involvement of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and ADAMTS in IVD degeneration, but few have localized the site of production of these enzymes to the cells of the degenerate disc. This study uses immunohistochemical techniques to localize and quantify the production of degrading enzymes (MMPs 1, 3, and 13, and ADAMTS 4) and their inhibitors (TIMPS 1, 2, and 3) within non-degenerate and degenerate discs of varying severity of degeneration. In all discs investigated, the cells that produced the enzymes and their inhibitors were the chondrocyte-like cells of the nucleus pulposus and inner annulus fibrosus (AF), with little immunopositivity in the outer AF. Non-degenerate discs showed low numbers of cells expressing the degradative enzymes MMP 1 and ADAMTS 4, suggesting a role for these enzymes in normal homeostasis. No MMP 3 or MMP 13 immunopositivity was observed in non-degenerate discs. In degenerate discs, the number of cells immunopositive for MMPs 1, 3, 13 and ADAMTS 4 increased with the severity of degeneration. This increase in degrading enzymes was also accompanied by increases in the number of cells immunopositive for TIMPs 1 and 2 but not TIMP 3. This study highlights that although the expression of a number of MMPs increases with degeneration, this is accompanied by an increase in their inhibitors. However, the increase in the number of cells immunoreactive for ADAMTS 4 with increasing degeneration was not paralleled by a rise in its inhibitor TIMP 3. This finding indicates that the aggrecanases, rather then the MMPs, are a possible therapeutic target for the inhibition of disc degeneration.
Dynamic reactive power compensation during fault conditions for wind farms with the consideration of wind turbine protection effects (2012)

This paper analyses the model of Doubly Fed Induction Generation (DFIG) and the feasibility to improve its dynamic voltage level by using reactive power compensation devices during fault conditions. MATLAB/SIMULINK has been used to analyse the dynamic characteristics of Static Var Compensator (SVC), and simulation results show that SVC can achieve the best compensation effect within 100ms whether the system voltage is low or high. In order to study the further ability of SVC to support wind farms during fault conditions, a 45MW wind power system model, with the consideration of wind turbine protection effects, such as the AC overvoltage protection, AC undervoltage protection and DC overvoltage protection, etc., has been established. Two scenarios have been used to compare active and reactive output of DFIG unit during the grid voltage sag, and the important role for dynamic support played by SVC is verified. (5 pages)
Photochromism of A Styrene-Derived Polymer Having Pendant Phenoxyanthraquinones (2000)

The development of efficient photochromic compounds has gained much attention in fundamental and applied research areas. Among numerous photochromic compounds, certain phenoxy quinone derivatives are attractive molecules due to their excellent properties such as low fatigue as well as negligible thermal interconversion at room temperature. [1,2,3] For example, the “trans”-quinone form of 1-phenoxyanthraquinone undergoes a photochemical rearrangement to the “ana”-quinone form upon irradition with UV light (Scheme 1) [4] The reverse conversion of “ana”-quinone to “trans”quinone form readily occurs with visible light.
Reducing Run-time Execution in Query Optimization (2014)

The main objective of query processor is to generate the most efficient query results. Using an apt execution plan, query minimizes cost of execution for results. The order of accessing a source table is very important during query execution. The best execution plan from possible ones is presented by Query optimizer. The paper discusses various stages of query optimization using execution plan. It gives the analysis of indexes, type of expressions & joins used in the execution plan of the query. The approach gets the estimate of the cost of query joins in a query at compile time. These estimates help in the construction of a query plan at compile time and then executed at run-time.
The role of pathogenic <i>DJ‐1</i> mutations in Parkinson's disease (2003)

Mutations in DJ-1 (PARK7) have been reported in two consanguineous families with young-onset Parkinson's disease (YOPD). This study aims to confirm the presence of pathogenic DJ-1 mutations and determine their contribution in young-onset and more typical later onset Parkinson's disease (PD). The entire open reading frame of the DJ-1 gene was screened by direct sequencing in 185 unrelated YOPD patients and a separate cohort of 190 pathologically proven cases of PD. Ethnically matched controls were screened for all mutations identified. We report a low frequency of pathogenic DJ-1 mutations in our cohort of patients. One homozygous missense mutation and one heterozygous mutation were found in two YOPD samples. In addition, several variants were found in the coding sequence of the gene, which are likely to represent polymorphisms. In one case, the polymorphism was population specific. The reported 14Kbp deletion was not found in any of our samples or controls. We confirm the presence of pathogenic DJ-1 mutations in YOPD and estimate their frequency at approximately 1%. No mutations were found in our cohort of later onset sporadic pathologically confirmed cases, suggesting that DJ-1 mutations may only rarely contribute to the cause of this more typical sporadic form of the disease.
Protease inhibition as new therapeutic strategy for GI diseases (2016)

The GI tract is the most exposed organ to proteases, both in physiological and pathophysiological conditions. For digestive purposes, the lumen of the upper GI tract contains large amounts of pancreatic proteases, but studies have also demonstrated increased proteolytic activity into mucosal tissues (both in the upper and lower GI tract), associated with pathological conditions. This review aims at outlining the evidences for dysregulated proteolytic homeostasis in GI diseases and the pathogenic mechanisms of increased proteolytic activity. The therapeutic potential of protease inhibition in GI diseases is discussed, with a particular focus on IBDs, functional GI disorders and colorectal cancer.
Cytologic Findings of Medulloblastoma in Crush Smears (2001)

To describe the cytologic findings of medulloblastomas on intraoperative crush preparation smears and compare them with the findings of other central nervous system tumors.The intraoperative crush preparation smears of 19 cases of medulloblastoma were studied (6 undifferentiated type and 13 well-differentiated type). The findings were compared with those of a control group consisting of 31 astrocytomas, 22 ependymomas, 18 oligodendrogliomas, 27 meningiomas, 17 schwannomas, 17 pituitary adenomas, 3 lymphomas, 5 hemangioblastomas, 5 chordomas and 11 metastatic tumors.Medulloblastomas revealed clusters and isolated small, round malignant cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and indistinct cytoplasm. Typical Homer-Wright rosettes were seen in the well-differentiated type, but they were poorly formed in the undifferentiated type. Tumor cannibalism, target inclusions, cytoplasmic vacuoles and prominent multiple nucleoli were noticed frequently in the undifferentiated type. The control group (metastatic tumors and high grade astrocytomas) rarely showed tumor cannibalism or multiple nucleoli.Smears of the undifferentiated type of medulloblastomas frequently revealed tumor cannibalism, cytoplasmic vacuoles, target inclusions and prominent multiple nucleoli. These findings have been rarely reported. The prognosis of the undifferentiated type of medulloblastoma was poor.
Evaluation of preoperative chemotherapy using PET with fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in breast cancer. (1996)

FDG-PET is valuable for monitoring the effects of preoperative chemotherapy in patients with locally advanced breast cancer with better sensitivity for primary tumor and better specificity for nodal metastasis in comparison with ultrasonography.
Features of Capacitance and Mobility of Injected Carriers in Organic Layers Measured by Impedance Spectroscopy (2012)

Abstract Transport of charge carriers in organic layers plays a relevant role in the performance of electronic devices such as light‐emitting diodes, solar cells, and photodetectors. The presence of energetically distributed traps severely affects the measured transport coefficient and the charge‐storage features in the film. We summarize recent theoretical work on impedance spectroscopy models for space–charge limited current of a single carrier in a multiple trapping model, which describes the experimental behavior usually observed in organic layers with injected charge carriers well. Two main physical effects are obtained from the numerical and analytical treatment. First, carriers in slow traps that do not follow alternating current modulation provide an increase in the capacitance at low frequency, and second, those in fast traps remain in equilibrium with the transport state increasing the transit time. Analysis also provides a unified interpretation of models with field‐ or carrier‐density dependence on mobility.
From Google Street View to 3D city models (2009)

We present a structure-from-motion (SfM) pipeline for visual 3D modeling of a large city area using 360° field of view Google Street View images. The core of the pipeline combines the state of the art techniques such as SURF feature detection, tentative matching by an approximate nearest neighbour search, relative camera motion estimation by solving 5-pt minimal camera pose problem, and sparse bundle adjustment. The robust and stable camera poses estimated by PROSAC with soft voting and by scale selection using a visual cone test bring high quality initial structure for bundle adjustment. Furthermore, searching for trajectory loops based on co-occurring visual words and closing them by adding new constraints for the bundle adjustment enforce the global consistency of camera poses and 3D structure in the sequence. We present a large-scale reconstruction computed from 4,799 images of the Google Street View Pittsburgh Research Data Set.
Mathematical modeling of power amplifier with memory effects. (2009)

Simulation has become a key issue in analyzing, optimizing and designing wireless systems. In this paper, a mathematical model for the power amplifier is implemented in Simulink to extend the RF Blockset to model wideband applications such as WCDMA. This model for the power amplifier implements a modified Saleh model. Saleh model is a quasi memory-less nonlinear model, and is converted into a straightforward and easy to implement model with memory effects. Keywords: Mathematical modeling, power Amplifier, Saleh model, Simulink.
Immobilization of Amphiphilic Polycations by Catechol Functionality for Antimicrobial Coatings (2011)

A new strategy for preparing antimicrobial surfaces by a simple dip-coating procedure is reported. Amphiphilic polycations with different mole ratios of monomers containing dodecyl quaternary ammonium, methoxyethyl, and catechol groups were synthesized by free-radical polymerization. The polymer coatings were prepared by immersing glass slides into a polymer solution and subsequent drying and heating. The quaternary ammonium side chains endow the coatings with potent antibacterial activity, the methoxyethyl side chains enable tuning the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance, and the catachol groups promote immobilization of the polymers into films. The polymer-coated surfaces displayed bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in a dynamic contact assay and prevented the accumulation of viable E. coli, S. aureus, and Acinetobacter baumannii for up to 96 h. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images of coating surfaces indicated that the surfaces exhibit virtually the same smoothness for all polymers except the most hydrophobic. The hydrophobic polymer without methoxyethyl side chains showed clear structuring into polymer domains, causing high surface roughness. Sum-frequency generation (SFG) vibrational spectroscopy characterization of the surface structures demonstrated that the dodecyl chains are predominantly localized at the surface-air interface of the coatings. SFG also showed that the phenyl groups of the catechols are oriented on the substrate surface. These results support our hypothesis that the adhesive or cross-linking functionality of catechol groups discourages polymer leaching, allowing the tuning of the amphiphilic balance by incorporating hydrophilic components into the polymer chains to gain potent biocidal activity.
The relationship between the in vitro response of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine (1984)

We have measured the in vitro response of several isolates of Plasmodium falciparum to chloroquine, quinine and mefloquine. We show that parasites which are resistant to chloroquine also have a reduced sensitivity to quinine. However, there appears to be no correlation between chloroquine resistance and reduced sensitivity to mefloquine. We conclude that the emergence and spread of chloroquine resistance could also be establishing a population of parasites with a reduced sensitivity to quinine which may provide the basis for the eventual emergence of quinine resistance.
Rapid commitment to negative selection of a thymocyte line independent of CD4 co-engagement (1996)

Biochemical and genetic investigations of thymocyte negative selection will be facilitated by the availability of cultured cell lines representing immature thymocytes, but to date thymocyte lines have demonstrated resistance to Ag receptor-mediated death. It is shown here that a CD4+CD8+ TCR alpha beta+ cell line with a TCR of known Ag and class II MHC specificity (cytochrome c with I-Ek) undergoes Ag dose-dependent apoptotic death in a manner consistent with negative selection of normal thymocytes. In contrast to superantigen-induced selection, apoptosis in this model is unaffected by blocking co-engagement of CD4 and the TCR. At high Ag doses, a significant fraction of thymocytes becomes committed to apoptosis within 2 h of contact with antigen-pulsed APCs, while increased interaction times increase the probability of death. Longer contact periods are required at lower Ag doses. These kinetics of commitment to apoptosis suggest that, in normal negative selection, a thymocyte clone may be deleted after any of several encounters with MHC-bearing cells during progress through the thymus. They also suggest why negative selection predominates when a specific peptide is competent both to delete and to select positively.
Determination of Particulate Matter in Concentrated Aerosols. Application to Analysis of Cigarette Smoke (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Particulate Matter in Concentrated Aerosols. Application to Analysis of Cigarette SmokeW. B. Wartman, E. C. Cogbill, and E. S. HarlowCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 10, 1705–1709Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60154a052https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60154a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views185Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Details and Concerns Regarding the G2/M DNA Damage Checkpoint in Budding Yeast (2000)

DNA damage checkpoints were initially identified ascontrols that regulate cell cycle progression after DNAdamage (Hartwell and Weinert 1989). Indeed, checkpoint controls delay cell cycle progression in essentiallyall phases of cell division (G1, S, and G2 and even in mitosis) (Elledge 1996; Weinert 1998b; Tinker-Kulbergand Morgan 1999). The delays provide time for repairand prevent replication or segregation of damaged DNA.We now know that these same checkpoint controls haveroles in seemingly every aspect of DNA metabolism,from synthesis of dNTPs (Desany et al. 1998; Zhao et al.1998), regulation of repair pathways (Grushcow et al.1999; Bashkirov et al. 2000), telomere biosynthesis(Ritchie et al. 1999), lengthening of the cell cycle in flyembryos (Sibon et al. 1999), regulation of apoptosis inmammalian cells (Elledge 1996), and localization of repair proteins to sites of DNA breaks (Martin et al. 1999;Mills et al. 1999). We anticipate that yet more responsesregulated by checkpoint control pathways await discovery...
Design of Automotive Power Window Control System Based on CAN Bus (2011)

Body in a variety of network protocols,CAN bus,with its unique design,excellent performance and high re-liability,is most widely used.With a low CAN bus,car door control system is divided into the left front door,left back door,right front door,right back door,BCM five CAN node.In order to effectively reduce the hidden troubles of elec-tric window on automobiles,anti-pinch window is equipped on most of automobiles.This article based on CAN bus in-troduces the door control system and its automotive power window control system,power windows' hardware and soft-ware design,finally the sys-tem is tested in a car and with good results.