gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidative stress induces DNA damage and inhibits the repair of DNA lesions induced by N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene in human peripheral mononuclear leukocytes. (1990)

Human mononuclear leukocytes were exposed to prooxidants such as H2O2, phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate, and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide, and the effects on induction of DNA damage and repair were evaluated. ADP ribosylation was activated by prooxidant exposure and the response was bimodal with peaks of activation occurring at about 30 min and 4-5 h. Other evidence for prooxidant-induced DNA damage was provided by nucleoid sedimentation assays. Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) was only slightly induced by prooxidant exposure which suggested that either the DNA lesions were repaired by a short patch mechanism involving little UDS, or the repair process was inhibited by prooxidant exposures, or some combination of both. This point was clarified by the fact that the repair of DNA lesions induced by N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene, an inducer of large patch DNA repair, was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by exposure to H2O2 and the inhibition was dependent on ADP ribosylation. In contrast, the repair of DNA strand breaks induced by prooxidant exposures as identified above were complete within about 8 h and the repair was independent of ADP ribosylation. Both ADP ribosylation and N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene-induced UDS were shown to be up- and down-regulated by the redox state of human mononuclear leukocytes indicating a unique mechanism of cellular control over DNA repair.
Vitamin C Promotes Widespread Yet Specific DNA Demethylation of the Epigenome in Human Embryonic Stem Cells   (2010)

Vitamin C (ascorbate) is a widely used medium supplement in embryonic stem cell culture. Here, we show that ascorbate causes widespread, consistent, and remarkably specific DNA demethylation of 1,847 genes in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), including important stem cell genes, with a clear bias toward demethylation at CpG island boundaries. We show that a subset of these DNA demethylated genes displays concomitant gene expression changes and that the position of the demethylated CpGs relative to the transcription start site is correlated to such changes. We further show that the ascorbate-demethylated gene set not only overlaps with gene sets that have bivalent marks, but also with the gene sets that are demethylated during differentiation of hESCs and during reprogramming of fibroblasts to induced pluritotent stem cells (iPSCs). Our data thus identify a novel link between ascorbate-mediated signaling and specific epigenetic changes in hESCs that might impact on pluripotency and reprogramming pathways.
Phase 2 trial of carboplatin, weekly paclitaxel, and biweekly bevacizumab in patients with unresectable stage IV melanoma (2008)

This combination of carboplatin, paclitaxel, and bevacizumab appears to be moderately well tolerated and clinically beneficial in patients with metastatic melanoma. Further study of this combination is warranted.
Semantic classification of movie scenes using finite state machines (2005)

The problem of classifying scenes from feature films into semantic categories is addressed and a robust framework for this problem is proposed. It is proposed that the finite state machines (FSM) are suitable for detecting and classifying scenes and their usage is demonstrated for three types of movie scenes: conversation, suspense and action. This framework utilises the structural information of the scenes together with the low-level and mid-level features. Low level features of the video including motion and audio energy and a mid-level feature, body, are used in this approach. The transitions of the FSMs are determined by the features from each shot in the scene. The FSMs have been experimented on over 80 clips and convincing results have been achieved.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Concept for the Synthesis of an Improved LiFePO<sub>4</sub> Lithium Battery Cathode. (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Identification of suitable endogenous control genes for microRNA gene expression analysis in human breast cancer (2008)

The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs) added an extra level of intricacy to the already complex system regulating gene expression. These single-stranded RNA molecules, 18-25 nucleotides in length, negatively regulate gene expression through translational inhibition or mRNA cleavage. The discovery that aberrant expression of specific miRNAs contributes to human disease has fueled much interest in profiling the expression of these molecules. Real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR) is a sensitive and reproducible gene expression quantitation technique which is now being used to profile miRNA expression in cells and tissues. To correct for systematic variables such as amount of starting template, RNA quality and enzymatic efficiencies, RQ-PCR data is commonly normalised to an endogenous control (EC) gene, which ideally, is stably-expressed across the test sample set. A universal endogenous control suitable for every tissue type, treatment and disease stage has not been identified and is unlikely to exist, so, to avoid introducing further error in the quantification of expression data it is necessary that candidate ECs be validated in the samples of interest. While ECs have been validated for quantification of mRNA expression in various experimental settings, to date there is no report of the validation of miRNA ECs for expression profiling in breast tissue. In this study, the expression of five miRNA genes (let-7a, miR-10b, miR-16, miR-21 and miR-26b) and three small nucleolar RNA genes (RNU19, RNU48 and Z30) was examined across malignant, benign and normal breast tissues to determine the most appropriate normalisation strategy. This is the first study to identify reliable ECs for analysis of miRNA by RQ-PCR in human breast tissue.
The effects of the stress dependence of atomic diffusivity on stress evolution due to electromigration (1997)

The evolution of mechanical stress resulting from electromigration in a polycrystalline thin film Al interconnect is simulated as a function of current density assuming zero stress boundary conditions. A polygranular cluster region is introduced into lines with otherwise bamboo microstructures, and results in a pair of atomic flux divergence sites and a tensile-compressive stress dipole. In the tensile stress region, the atomic diffusivity is higher than that in the compressive stress region, leading to more rapid electromigration, so that the tensile stress is initially slightly larger than the compressive stress in the dipole. Eventually though, the tensile stress drops to a small value while the compressive peak in the cluster increases above its initial values due to a stress buildup at the end of the cluster. For a given line, the maximum compressive stress resulting from electromigration is larger than the maximum tensile stress. Increasing the current density leads to an increasing difference in the maximum compressive and tensile stresses.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New Isatin Derivatives (2006)

Some new 3-[(5-benzylidene-2-phenyl)-3, 5-dihydro-4-H-imidazol-4-one-3-(4bezoylhydrazono)]-indole-2-ones (VIII) have been synthesized from different isatinhydrazones (II) by condensing with 2-phenyl-5-benzylidene- 3-N (4-acetyl phenyl)-1, 5-dihydro-imidazol4-one (VII). Their chemical structures have been confirmed by IR, 1 HNMR, MASS and by elemental analysis. Investigation of antimicrobial activity of compounds was done by the disk diffusion technique. Among the compounds tested, the compound with 5-Br substitution showed the most favourable antimicrobial activity.
Development of novel kv1.3 ion channel blockers based upon diphenoxylate (2017)

Psoriasis is an autoimmune disorder of the skin that affects millions of people worldwide. Current treatments have limitations concerning their efficacy, side effect profiles and cost. The need for better treatments is clear and our research is aimed at developing a novel therapy for psoriasis with an improved profile. Previous research has shown that a drug normally used for diarrhoea (diphenoxylate) was able to treat psoriasis; however this important observation was not fully evaluated. Our preliminary work has demonstrated that diphenoxylate blocks a key potassium channel (Kv1.3) associated with the immune system. Indeed, Kv1.3 channels have been shown to have a role in autoimmune disorders such as psoriasis and may explain the observations that diphenoxylate was able to treat psoriasis. Our initial research has generated novel analogues of diphenoxylate to explore the SAR of this molecule at Kv1.3 channels. Further synthetic work has built on this initial SAR to generate compounds that are over 100 times more potent at Kv1.3 channels than our original lead, diphenoxylate. In addition these potent Kv1.3 blockers are lower in molecular weight and have reduced lipophilicity While providing a potential explanation for the observation that diphenoxylate alleviates psoriasis symptoms, many new chemotypes were also produced that block Kv1.3 channels. A selected number of these interesting leads will be progressed into functional assays to further assess their immunomodulatory activity. Ultimately, this work has provided new opportunities for the development of novel treatments that target autoimmune disorders.
Melanosis and associated tumors in transgenic mice. (1991)

Melanosis was found to various extents in a wide array of tissues of all 23 autopsied mice whose transgene consisted of the tyrosinase promoter fused to the simian virus 40 early-region oncogenic sequences. Pigmentation in a given animal was attributable to any or all of the following; an increase in numbers of some normally pigmented cells of neural crest origin (a result compatible with early stages of transformation); elicitation of melanin synthesis in some cells that normally have little melanin, or none at all (the latter possibly signaling metaplasia); unusual intercellular transfer of pigment granules from melanocytes into certain normally unpigmented epithelia and endothelia; and profusion of melanin-phagocytizing cells. Neoplasms, occasionally also containing melanin, arose in association with some of these melanotic tissues and included three choroid plexus tumors, three endocardial tumors, two peripheral nerve sheath tumors (schwannomas), two cochlear tumors, two pineal gland tumors, one salivary gland tumor, and one nasal mucosa tumor. These apparently originated independently of the ocular and cutaneous melanomas found in the same animals. The events involved in melanosis may thus contribute to neoplastic conversion.
Recent developments in 3D printable composite materials (2016)

The formulation of new composite materials compatible with additive fabrication techniques is driving a revolution in the field of applied materials science.
Chemical modification and dechlorination of polyvinyl chloride by substitution with thiocyanate as a nucleophile (2009)

Abstract This study examined the chemical modification of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) by substitution with SCN (thiocyanate) as a nucleophile. The effects of temperature, molar SCN/Cl ratio, and solvent on the substitution by SCN and the elimination of HCl were investigated. In SCN/EG (ethylene glycol) solution, the substitution/dechlorination ratio increased with decreasing temperature. The dechlorination yield increased with an increasing molar SCN/Cl ratio, favoring the substitution over the elimination. When N,N ‐dimethylformamide (DMF) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) solutions were used as solvents, DMF favored the substitution, whereas DMSO favored the elimination. In the SCN/DMF solution, the substitution yield and the substitution/dechlorination ratio increased with increasing temperature. Higher temperatures favored the substitution over the elimination in SCN/DMF. Furthermore, the reaction of PVC in SCN/tetrahydrofuran (THF)‐DMSO (1:2) proceeded at room temperature, favoring the substitution over elimination. The isomerization of SCN was observed, resulting only in NCS (isothiocyanate) at room temperature and SCN (thiocyanate) at 190°C. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
A New Long Phosphorescent Phosphor with High Brightness, SrAl2 O 4 : Eu2 +  , Dy3 + (1996)

A green emitting phosphor with very bright and long lasting phosphorescence has been newly developed. The incorporation of ion into the system as an auxiliary activator dominates the phosphorescence, thermoluminescence, and photoconductivity characteristics of the phosphor to a large extent. Evidence is presented for the mechanism that the phosphorescence is ascribed to the photoconductivity due to holes, and to the trapping and thermal release of the holes by ions in the system. The incorporation of the ion forms a highly dense trapping level located at a suitable depth in relation to the thermal release rate at room temperature, thus producing the very bright and long phosphorescence.
A QUIC-based proxy architecture for an efficient hybrid backhaul transport (2020)

Network Function Virtualization (NFV) allows a fast deployment of customized solutions when and where needed, supporting breakthrough operational models compliant to multi-tenancy and slicing paradigms. This approach enables challenging communication scenarios overcoming possible performance flaws as well as enabling new disruptive services within future 5G based networks. In this framework a virtual Performance Enhancing Proxy (vPEP) is proposed, to foster the efficient use of satellite links either as a supplementary or complementary backhauling. The vPEP objective is to efficiently manage both switch-over (for performance optimization) and failover (for service continuity) of end-to-end Web traffic within an hybrid terrestrial/satellite backhaul network. To this aim, vPEP leverages several features of the new QUIC protocol, such as the 0-RTT establishment of secure communications and the connection-oriented flow management over a UDP-based connectionless transport. In this paper we describe the vPEP implementation as well as a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) demonstrator used for the validation activities.
Code Utilization for Component-Coded Digital Video (1982)

Component coding with luminance and two color-difference components (Y, C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</inf> ,C <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> ) has recently received much attention for its use as a uniform representation of programs generated using 525-line (NTSC) and 625-1ine (PAL SECAM) standards, [1], and also as a road to reduced encoding bit rates, [2].
Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1) Tumor Suppressor, Neurofibromin, Regulates the Neuronal Differentiation of PC12 Cells via Its Associating Protein, CRMP-2 (2008)

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) tumor suppressor gene product, neurofibromin, functions in part as a Ras-GAP, a negative regulator of Ras. Neurofibromin is implicated in the neuronal abnormality of NF1 patients; however, the precise cellular function of neurofibromin has yet to be clarified. Using proteomic strategies, we identified a set of neurofibromin-associating cellular proteins, including axon regulator CRMP-2 (Collapsin response mediator protein-2). CRMP-2 directly bound to the C-terminal domain of neurofibromin, and this association was regulated by the manner of CRMP-2 phosphorylation. In nerve growth factor-stimulated PC12 cells, neurofibromin and CRMP-2 co-localized particularly on the distal tips and branches of extended neurites. Suppression of neurofibromin using NF1 small interfering RNA significantly inhibited this neurite outgrowth and up-regulated a series of CRMP-2 phosphorylations by kinases identified as CDK5, GSK-3b, and Rho kinase. Overexpression of the NF1-RAS-GAP-related domain rescued these NF1 small interfering RNA-induced events. Our results suggest that neurofibromin regulates neuronal differentiation by performing one or more complementary roles. First, neurofibromin directly regulates CRMP-2 phosphorylation accessibility through the complex formation. Also, neurofibromin appears to indirectly regulate CRMP-2 activity by suppressing CRMP-2-phosphorylating kinase cascades via its Ras-GAP function. Our study demonstrates that the functional association of neurofibromin and CRMP-2 is essential for neuronal cell differentiation and that lack of expression or abnormal regulation of neurofibromin can result in impaired function of neuronal cells, which is likely a factor in NF1-related pathogenesis.
Characterization of Sinapyl Derivatives in Pineapple (<i>Ananas comosus </i>[L.] Merill) Juice (1999)

Three previously unidentified phenolic compounds were found in pineapple (Ananas comosus [L.] Merill) juice in substantial concentrations and were isolated by semipreparative reverse phase HPLC. The structures were elucidated from UV spectra, acid hydrolysis, and subsequent amino acid analysis, mass spectrometry, and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. The compounds are identified as S-sinapyl-L-cysteine, N-L-gamma-glutamyl-S-sinapyl-L-cysteine, and S-sinapylglutathione.
Lupuzor/P140 peptide in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled phase IIb clinical trial (2012)

Lupuzor/200 µg given three times at 4-week intervals during 12 weeks in addition to SOC is efficacious and generally well tolerated.
Clinical Monitoring for Anesthesia and Critical Care, 2nd ed (1995)

Clinical Monitoring for Anesthesia and Critical Care, 2nd ed., Carol L. Lake, ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders, 1994, ISBN 0-7216-5269-7, 590 pp, $129.00. Effective patient monitoring is a major component of the safe practice of clinical anesthesiology. This text is written for clinicians seeking discussions of the techniques and equipment available for performing specific monitoring functions. Thirty-nine authors have contributed 28 chapters organized into eight sections. These sections include principles of monitoring, cardiovascular monitoring, respiratory monitoring, monitoring of the nervous system, monitoring in special situations, computerized monitoring, monitoring of anesthesia delivery, and miscellaneous monitoring. Readers familiar with the first edition will note the addition of five new chapters covering human factors and alarms, electrical safety, specialized neurophysiologic monitoring in radiology, and metabolic monitoring. Each chapter reviews the applied physiology that is relevant to clinical care and forms the basis for monitoring. The physical principle of specific technology is discussed, and the clinical indications and potential complications are addressed. This information should prove valuable in daily clinical practice; however, the explanations of the physical basis of clinical measurement are often introductory and may not satisfy a reader looking for detailed technical information. Similarly, a practitioner responsible for specifying anesthesia equipment purchases will find useful background information in this text but will not be able to use it as a "buyer's guide." Studies of the accuracy of clinical measurement methods are summarized; however, critical interpretation of individual study methods or conclusions is often limited. The text focuses on monitoring methods that are in current practice and only briefly considers research techniques and emerging technologies for clinical care. In general, the prose is very readable and this text is well illustrated and indexed. New information has been included in many chapters since the first edition, and readers will find the literature citations to be thorough and up to date. As in many multiauthor texts, there is some redundancy of material and the degree of detail varies from chapter to chapter; nonetheless, the editing is excellent and the text functions well as a whole. Clinicians will find this text a valuable source of information for integrating concepts of applied physiology with clinical monitoring practice. Lawrence C. Siegel, MD Department of Anesthesia, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5117
Analysis of ELISA hepatitis C virus-positive blood donors population by polymerase chain reaction and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA). Comparison of second and third generation RIBA. (1993)

A new RIBA-3 (Chiron-Ortho Diagnostic System) was performed for discriminating uninterpretable results of RIBA-2. Recognition of antibodies to hepatitis C virus by RIBA-2 and RIBA-3 was compared among 95 ELISA-2 (second generation ELISA) positive blood donors and correlated with alanine-aminotransferase (ALAT) levels and viremia, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). These studies led to three important conclusions. First, all ELISA-2-positive, RIBA-2-positive and ALAT-positive samples were found viremic compared with 73% of ELISA-2-positive, RIBA-2-positive and ALAT-negative samples. Then, the comparison of the different RIBAs allowed to conclude that RIBA-3 was more sensitive but less specific than RIBA-2. RIBA-3 was interesting to discriminate undetermined RIBA-2, owing to an improved specificity of C100-3 antigen. In fact, most of the C100-3 positive, RIBA-2 undetermined samples became RIBA-3 negative whereas C22-3 positive, RIBA-2 undetermined samples became RIBA-3 positive or undetermined. Finally, a significant correlation was found between the presence of antibodies against C33-c antigen and viremia.
Biotinidase deficiency: A novel vitamin recycling defect (1985)

The recent finding that biotinidase deficiency is the primary biochemical defect in late-onset multiple carboxylase deficiency was stimulated new interest in the inherited disorders of biotin-dependent carboxylases. The clinical and biochemical features of biotinidase deficiency are discussed. We also speculate about two exciting areas currently being investigated: the localization of action biotinidase, and the possible role of the enzyme as a binding or carrier protein for biotin.
Probing the Limits of Anomaly Detectors for Automobiles with a Cyberattack Framework (2018)

Modern automobiles are controlled by computers that are increasingly connected to the outside world and therefore vulnerable to cyberattacks. Defending cars against such attacks requires a multifaceted approach to improving security, but the last line of defense is detecting those attacks within the data traffic exchanged by the vehicles controller computers. To identify this malicious traffic, the authors created anomaly detectors using recurrent neural networks and multivariate Markov chains. However, evaluating these detectors is difficult because there are currently few examples of attack traffic. The authors solved this by creating an attack framework that describes automotive cyberattack characteristics, thereby enabling the simulation of attacks and allowing comprehensive testing of our anomaly detectors.
Topical Paromomycin with or without Gentamicin for Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (2013)

This trial provides evidence of the efficacy of paromomycin-gentamicin and paromomycin alone for ulcerative L. major disease. (Funded by the Department of the Army; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00606580.).