gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuroglobin, nitric oxide, and oxygen: Functional pathways and conformational changes (2005)

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a globin expressed in the nervous system of humans and other organisms that is involved in the protection of the brain from ischemic damage. Despite considerable interest, however, the in vivo function of Ngb is still a conundrum. In this paper we report a number of kinetic experiments with O2 and NO that we have interpreted on the basis of the 3D structure of Ngb, now available for human and murine metNgb and murine NgbCO. The reaction of reduced deoxyNgb with O2 and NO is slow (t(1/2) approximately 2 s) and ligand concentration-independent, because exogenous ligand binding can only occur upon dissociation of the distal His-64, which is coordinated to the ferrous heme iron. By contrast, NgbO2 reacts very rapidly with NO, yielding metNgb and NO3- by means of a heme-bound peroxynitrite intermediate. Steady-state amperometric experiments show that Ngb is devoid of O2 reductase and NO reductase activities. To achieve this result, we have set up a protocol for efficient reduction of metNgb using a mixture of FMN and NADH under bright illumination. The results are discussed with reference to a global scheme inspired by the 3D structures of metNgb and NgbCO. Based on the ligand-linked conformational changes discovered by crystallography, the pathways of the reactions with O2 and NO provide a framework that may account for the involvement of Ngb in controlling the activation of a protective signaling mechanism.
Spectrophotometric method for the determination of total steroidal sapogenin (1977)

A specific method for the spectrophotometric determination of total steroidal sapogenin, based on colour reactions with anisaldehyde, sulphuric acid and ethyl acetate and applicable to microgram amounts, is described.It has been shown that this determination can be carried out directly on a saponin solution and that there is virtually no interference from sugars, sterols, fatty acids and vegetable oil. The sapogenins have the same colorimetric properties whether they are in the free state, bound with sugars, esterified with acetic acid or mono- or polyhydroxylated. The method described is accurate (relative error 1.4%), rapid, easily automated and gives a chromophore with the same absorption spectrum with only one peak at 430 nm for all of the sapogenins tested: diosgenin, tigogenin, hecogenin, smilagenin, yonogenin, tokorogenin, etc. The molar absorption coefficient is approximately 49 000.
Simulated Bioprosthetic Heart Valve Deformation under Quasi-Static Loading (2005)

For more than 40 years, the replacement of diseased natural heart valves with prosthetic devices has dramatically extended the quality and length of the lives of millions of patients worldwide. However, bioprosthetic heart valves (BHV) continue to fail due to structural failure resulting from poor tissue durability and faulty design. Clearly, an in-depth understanding of the biomechanical behavior of BHV at both the tissue and functional prosthesis levels is essential to improving BHV design and to reduce rates of failure. In this study, we simulated quasi-static BHV leaflet deformation under 40, 80, and 120 mm Hg quasi-static transvalvular pressures. A Fung-elastic material model was used that incorporated material parameters and axes derived from actual leaflet biaxial tests and measured leaflet collagen fiber structure. Rigorous experimental validation of predicted leaflet strain field was used to validate the model results. An overall maximum discrepancy of 2.36% strain between the finite element (FE) results and experiment measurements was obtained, indicating good agreement between computed and measured major principal strains. Parametric studies utilizing the material parameter set from one leaflet for all three leaflets resulted in substantial variations in leaflet stress and strain distributions. This result suggests that utilization of actual leaflet material properties is essential for accurate BHV FE simulations. The present study also underscores the need for rigorous experimentation and accurate constitutive models in simulating BHV function and design.
Anti-inflammatory Benzenoids from <i>Antrodia </i><i>camphorata</i> (2007)

Four new compounds, including three new benzenoids, antrocamphin A (1), antrocamphin B (2), and 2,3,4,5-tetramethoxybenzoyl chloride (3), and a new 1,3-dioxolan-2-one derivative, antrodioxolanone (4), together with 13 known compounds have been isolated from the fruiting body of Antrodia camphorata. The structures of these new compounds were determined through spectral analyses including extensive 2D-NMR data. Among the isolates, antrocamphin A (1), antcin A (10), and antcin B (11) exhibited potent inhibition against fMLP-induced superoxide production with IC50 values less than 10 microM.
PickCells (2019)

TEST 02 - Elsevier's Scopus, the largest abstract and citation database of peer-reviewed literature. Search and access research from the science, technology, medicine, social sciences and arts and humanities fields.
Oligomerization and RNA binding domains of the type 1 human immunodeficiency virus Rev protein: a dual function for an arginine-rich binding motif. (1991)

The Rev protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is a sequence-specific RNA binding protein that is essential for viral replication. Here we present evidence that Rev is a stable oligomer both in vitro and in vivo. Analysis of Rev mutants indicates that oligomerization is essential for RNA binding and hence Rev function. The oligomerization and RNA binding domains overlap over 47 amino acids. Within this region is a short arginine-rich motif found in a large class of RNA binding proteins. Substitution of multiple residues within the arginine-rich motif abolishes oligomerization, whereas several single-amino-acid substitution mutants oligomerize but do not bind RNA. Thus, Rev's arginine-rich motif participates in two distinct functions: oligomerization and RNA binding.
A wideband sensitive holographic photopolymer (2005)

A novel wideband sensitive dry holographic photopolymer sensitized by rose bengal (RB) and methylene blue (MB) is fabricated, the holographic storage characteristics of which are investigated under different exposure wavelengths. The result shows that the sensitive spectral band exceeds 200 nm in visible light range, the maximum diffraction efficiency under different exposure wavelengths is more than 40% and decreases with the decrease of exposure wavelength, the exposure sensitivity is not change with the exposure wavelength. This photopolymer is appropriate for wavelength multiplexing or multi-wavelength recording in digital holographic storage.
Salvage chemotherapy of advanced lymphoma with investigational drugs: mitoguazone, gallium nitrate, and etoposide. (1987)

Patients with advanced lymphoma who relapse from intensive first-line combination chemotherapy generally have a very poor prognosis. The use of investigational drugs which lack cross-resistance to agents commonly used for initial therapy represents an important approach to the management of such patients. Based upon our prior experience, we developed a protocol which employed a combination of three new agents. Mitoguazone (600 mg/m2) was administered on Days 1 and 10; etoposide (100-125 mg/m2) was administered on Days 2, 3, and 4; and gallium nitrate (300 mg/m2/day) was administered as a continuous iv infusion over 24 hours on Days 1-7. Treatment cycles were repeated every 3-4 weeks pending tolerance to toxic reactions. Forty-two patients are evaluable for response (35 with non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and seven with Hodgkin's disease). All patients had received extensive prior treatment (median of two previous chemotherapy regimens). Less than one-half of patients had achieved complete remission (CR) with previous therapy. Twenty-two patients (52%) showed major antitumor responses (five CR, 17 partial). All patients who achieved CR had diffuse large cell lymphoma. Two patients in CR relapsed in the CNS. The median duration of response for patients who achieved partial response was 4 months (range, 1-11+). Major toxic reactions included myelosuppression, optic neuritis, mucositis, and corneal keratitis or conjunctivitis. This combination of experimental agents has major therapeutic activity in patients with advanced, resistant lymphoma. Optimal application of these drugs may be obtained by use as one arm of an intensive program of alternating non-cross-resistant regimens.
La comunidad educativa en el pos-acuerdo desde un enfoque intercultural y diferencial. (2016)

El actual mapa politico-social y cultural, configurado como consecuencia de los cambios ocurridos en los ultimos anos, confluye en el contexto de la manifestacion de diversas culturas: asi por ejemplo, el incremento de la poblacion migrante; el desplazamiento forzado por el conflicto armado, en el caso de Colombia; la transformacion de las estructuras familiares; la internacionalizacion de los mercados, entre otros, ha generado la pluralidad de las sociedades, que a la vez plantea nuevos desafios a la institucion escolar, situacion para lo cual la escuela no se encuentra preparada.El surgimiento de estas nuevas sociedades exige la apertura a una educacion para todos sin restricciones, y como consecuencia una institucion escolar que trabaje a partir de la igualdad y las diferencias.Las reflexiones acerca de la diversidad cultural en el contexto de la concepcion de un mundo global e interdependiente, conllevan a inscribir la interculturalidad en un discurso pedagogico que involucra la diferencia, la heterogeneidad y la identidad como elementos que engloban fenomenos como las migraciones, los desplazamientos, los conflictos, las vulnerabilidades de todo tipo; factores estos que se ubican en la base del debate acerca de las desigualdades y del enfoque diferencial. De esta manera se reconoce que la diversidad es algo natural, como lo reafirma Gil, M.C. (2008. p. 185): “no se trata de resolver las diferencias entre los alumnos, sino de favorecerlas”. “Homogeneizar es negar la evidencia, ir contra lo natural, anular la maravillosa fuerza que el sujeto tiene” En consecuencia la educacion intercultural es poner en practica de una epistemologia de lo humano y lo humanitario.
Direct Cytosolic Delivery of siRNA Using Nanoparticle‐Stabilized Nanocapsules (2014)

The use of nanoparticle-stabilized nanocapsules (NPSCs) for the direct cytosolic delivery of siRNA is reported. In this approach, siRNA is complexed with cationic arginine-functionalized gold nanoparticles by electrostatic interactions, with the resulting ensemble self-assembled onto the surface of fatty acid nanodroplets to form a NPSC/siRNA nanocomplex. The complex rapidly delivers siRNA into the cytosol through membrane fusion, a mechanism supported by cellular uptake studies. Using destabilized green fluorescent protein (deGFP) as a target, 90% knockdown was observed in HEK293 cells. Moreover, the delivery of siRNA targeting polo-like kinase 1 (siPLK1) efficiently silenced PLK1 expression in cancer cells with concomitant cytotoxicity.
The Use of Ultrasound and of Ovarian Cancer Doppler in the Evaluation (1996)

The purpose of this lesson is to discuss the incidence of ovarian cancer and to emphasize the role of ultrasound in its diagnosis. Ovarian cancer afSects women over more than six decades of life. The majority of cases, 60%, occur in women between 40 and 60 years of age. The other 40% are distributed over a much larger age range, from the early 20s to the late 80s. This cancer thus affects both premenopausal (normally ovulatory and perimeno-pausal) and postmenopausal women. Ovarian cancer frequently is a “silent” malignancy. Its growth and relative inaccessibility make early detection uncommon. Ovarian cancer is discovered more typically as Stage 2 disease, when it has spread beyond the ovarian capsule and into the pelvis, or as a Stage 3 malignancy, when it also has spread into the abdomen. While the 5-year survival rate for Stage 1 cancer is 80% to 85%, Stages 2 and 3 have survival rates of only 55% and 14%, respectively. Sadly, ovarian cancer is detected at Stage 3 in 50% of cases! Ovarian cancer is not a common malignancy. Even among gynecologic cancers, it ranks third. However, it is the most fatal common gynecologic tumor. Each year, 20,000 cases qf ovarian cancer are diagnosed, while 12,000 women die of this disease, for a yearly loss rate of 60%. This compares poorly to breast cancer, which has a yearly loss rate of 37%. Physical examination is limited in its ability to detect ovarian cancer, particularly in its earlier stages and in postmenopausal women. The physical examination ranges widely, from normal to large, palpable pelvic masses. It is estimated that only 30% of enlarged post-menopausal ovaries are detected. The blood chemistry test CAI25 also has proven disappointing in the evaluation of ovarian cancer. It is relatively insensitive in detecting ovarian cancer spread and is elevated in only 50% of Stage 3 malignancy. There also are a significant number of false-positive CA125 studies caused by benign lesions giving slightly to moderately elevated levels.
Conventionally-processed silicon nanowire solar cells demonstrating efficiency improvement over standard cells (2014)

We fabricate silicon nanowire solar cells which, other than the texturing step, are processed by conventional silicon solar cell manufacturing equipment. The nanowires reduce reflection compared to standard multicrystalline cells, leading to higher short-circuit current. A less anticipated benefit is that the nanowires can also increase open-circuit voltage and fill factor. Compared to standard multicrystalline cells processed at the same time, our nanowire cells demonstrate a 0.4% efficiency improvement when only changing the texturing step and a 0.6% efficiency improvement when also adjusting the diffusion step. Our highest nanowire cell efficiency is 18.0% on a multicrystalline wafer, and 19.0% on a monocrystalline wafer.
Environmental and social action plan (2006)

Environmental and social impacts were analyzed for the Nui Phao Mining Project by overlying the Project development plan onto the existing baseline conditions. For each resource identified in the environmental and social baselines, the Project development activities are briefly described within the context of each resource. The potential impacts are then predicted based on the perceived direct impact that the Project overlay will have on that resource. Engineering controls and mitigation measures are then identified for implementation in order to reduce the identified impact to acceptable levels. Among the issues that represent the key mitigation action items to address are air quality, noise, visual resources, topography and land forms, geology, soils, surface water, groundwater, flora, fauna, aquatic resources, cultural resources, land and natural resource use, livelihood activities and employment opportunities, population, public health and safety, and infrastructure services and cultural property. The report groups the impacts by significant major topic and proposes the following mitigations: 1) Reduce impacts to nearby neighbors by implementing specific safety program and controlling noise, dust, vibration, and night-time light; 2) Reduce impacts to downstream water supplies by controlling surface water base flow and quality impacts as well as the quality and quantity of available groundwater; Reduce impacts to Project employees and visitors by promoting worker health and safety and maintaining a clean and safe work environment, limiting occupational exposure to risks, and adequately managing wastes and emergency situations; 3) Reduce impacts resulting from land use changes by implementing an effective closure and reclamation program that re-establishes the land to an appropriate post-mining land use; 4) Reduce impacts to resettled households by implementing livelihood restoration programs, food security, and, to the extent practical and secure, the availability of agricultural land; and 5) Reduce impacts to local communities by promoting economic diversification, controlling job-seeker influx and demands on infrastructure, and limiting physical hazards and the effects of social evils to the extent possible.
Nectins and nectin‐like molecules: Roles in cell adhesion, migration, and polarization (2003)

Nectins are a family of Ca(2+)-independent immunoglobulin-like cell-cell adhesion molecules consisting of four members, which homophilically and heterophilically trans-interact and cause cell-cell adhesion. Nectin-based cell-cell adhesion is involved in the formation of cadherin-based adherens junctions in epithelial cells and fibroblasts. The nectin-based cell-cell adhesion induces activation of Cdc42 and Rac small G proteins, which eventually regulate the formation of adherens junctions through reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton, gene expression through activation of a mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade, and cell polarization through cell polarity proteins. Five nectin-like molecules (necls), which have domain structures similar to those of nectins, have recently been identified and appear to play different roles from those of nectins. One of them, named necl-5, which does not homophilically trans-interact, but heterophilically trans-interacts with nectin-3, regulates cell migration and adhesion. In this article, the roles and modes of action of nectins and necls in cell adhesion, migration, and polarization are reviewed.
Learning Independent Object Motion from Unlabelled Stereoscopic Videos (2019)

We present a system for learning motion of independently moving objects from stereo videos. The only human annotation used in our system are 2D object bounding boxes which introduce the notion of objects to our system. Unlike prior learning based work which has focused on predicting dense pixel-wise optical flow field and/or a depth map for each image, we propose to predict object instance specific 3D scene flow maps and instance masks from which we are able to derive the motion direction and speed for each object instance. Our network takes the 3D geometry of the problem into account which allows it to correlate the input images. We present experiments evaluating the accuracy of our 3D flow vectors, as well as depth maps and projected 2D optical flow where our jointly learned system outperforms earlier approaches trained for each task independently.
Investigation of scalability of all-fiber fused mode selective coupler for generating multiple OAM states (2016)

We present the scalability of all-fiber fused couplers for generating multiple OAM states (charge l=±5, ±6 and ±7) by mode’s phase matching in the SMF and air-core fiber coupler configuration carried out through the simulations.
Lipid abnormalities and cardiovascular risk in the elderly (2008)

The relationship between dyslipidaemia and cardiovascular disease is well documented. However, it is relevant to consider that cholesterol levels vary with age. Moreover, there is some controversy regarding the ability of lipid levels to predict vascular risk beyond the age of 70 years. In general, raised low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and triglyceride levels as well as reduced levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) predict risk in the elderly. There is evidence supporting the use of statins in the elderly. It is also likely that these drugs are under-used in this population.
Ultracompact Microthruster for Pico/Nanosat Attitude and Thermal Control based on Film-Evaporation Effect (2016)

There are no mature technologies currently available for tunable propulsion and precise attitude control for picosats without sacrificing a substantial mass fraction of the spacecraft. Although MEMS-based liquid and solid chemical as well as electric thrusters have been developed previously, the miniaturization of the valve and power processing components remains a significant challenge. Here we present development and demonstration of the microscale tunable thermal valve for micropropulsion and thermal control aimed at achieving extremely small system size down to less than 1/100 U.
Stabilizing Differentiable Architecture Search via Perturbation-based Regularization (2020)

Differentiable architecture search (DARTS) is a prevailing NAS solution to identify architectures. Based on the continuous relaxation of the architecture space, DARTS learns a differentiable architecture weight and largely reduces the search cost. However, its stability has been challenged for yielding deteriorating architectures as the search proceeds. We find that the precipitous validation loss landscape, which leads to a dramatic performance drop when distilling the final architecture, is an essential factor that causes instability. Based on this observation, we propose a perturbation-based regularization - SmoothDARTS (SDARTS), to smooth the loss landscape and improve the generalizability of DARTS-based methods. In particular, our new formulations stabilize DARTS-based methods by either random smoothing or adversarial attack. The search trajectory on NAS-Bench-1Shot1 demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach and due to the improved stability, we achieve performance gain across various search spaces on 4 datasets. Furthermore, we mathematically show that SDARTS implicitly regularizes the Hessian norm of the validation loss, which accounts for a smoother loss landscape and improved performance.
Ecologists should not use statistical significance tests to interpret simulation model results (2013)

Simulation models are widely used to represent the dynamics of ecological systems. A common question with such models is how changes to a parameter value or functional form in the model alter the results. Some authors have chosen to answer that question using frequentist statistical hypothesis tests (e.g. ANOVA). This is inappropriate for two reasons. First, p‐values are determined by statistical power (i.e. replication), which can be arbitrarily high in a simulation context, producing minuscule p‐values regardless of the effect size. Second, the null hypothesis of no difference between treatments (e.g. parameter values) is known a priori to be false, invalidating the premise of the test. Use of p‐values is troublesome (rather than simply irrelevant) because small p‐values lend a false sense of importance to observed differences. We argue that modelers should abandon this practice and focus on evaluating the magnitude of differences between simulations. Synthesis Researchers analyzing field or lab data often test ecological hypotheses using frequentist statistics (t‐tests, ANOVA, etc.) that focus on p‐values. Field and lab data usually have limited sample sizes, and p‐values are valuable for quantifying the probability of making incorrect inferences in that situation. However, modern ecologists increasingly rely on simulation models to address complex questions, and those who were trained in frequentist statistics often apply the hypothesis‐testing approach inappropriately to their simulation results. Our paper explains why p‐values are not informative for interpreting simulation models, and suggests better ways to evaluate the ecological significance of model results.
Polarization-based optical logic using laser-excited gratings (1990)

We present a novel way of performing optical logic. The proposed logic device is based on the polarization switching observed in the first-order diffraction from a laser-excited grating in a dye-doped solid.
Observation of channeling of atoms in the three-dimensional interference pattern of optical standing waves (1990)

We have observed the channeling of cooled Na atoms in the three-dimensional interference pattern of the light fields in an optical trap. The channeling occurs for length scales from less than 50 \ensuremath{\mu}m up to several mm. This channeling may explain the anomalously long lifetimes observed in many such traps. We suggest that these observations may be understood in terms of a multilevel atom in the trapping light field.