gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Social Networks in Online Shopping: Information Passing, Price of Trust, and Consumer Choice (2011)

While social interactions are critical to understanding consumer behavior, the relationship between social and commerce networks has not been explored on a large scale. We analyze Taobao, a Chinese consumer marketplace that is the world's largest e-commerce website. What sets Taobao apart from its competitors is its integrated instant messaging tool, which buyers can use to ask sellers about products or ask other buyers for advice. In our study, we focus on how an individual's commercial transactions are embedded in their social graphs. By studying triads and the directed closure process, we quantify the presence of information passing and gain insights into when different types of links form in the network. Using seller ratings and review information, we then quantify a price of trust. How much will a consumer pay for transaction with a trusted seller? We conclude by modeling this consumer choice problem: if a buyer wishes to purchase a particular product, how does (s)he decide which store to purchase it from? By analyzing the performance of various feature sets in an information retrieval setting, we demonstrate how the social graph factors into understanding consumer behavior.
Analysis of thermal magnetic noise in spin-valve GMR heads by using micromagnetic simulation (2005)

The size of the sensor in spin-valve GMR heads has been reduced to increase the areal magnetic recording density. Thermal magnetic noise, which arises from thermal fluctuation, becomes the main source of head noise and a limitation on recording density. Insufficient abutted permanent magnetic biasing yields an asymmetrical waveform both for signal output and thermal magnetic noise. This is due to the same mechanism as that of Barkhausen noise. In contrast, it has been found that small Hex, which is the exchange coupling strength between the bottom pinned layer (Pin1) and the antiferromagnetic biasing layer, emphasizes thermal magnetic noise without affecting signal output. In a head with small Hex, the magnetization near the air bearing surface and the top of the Pin2 layer tilts in the direction of the track width and randomly flips in the opposite direction. In synthetic ferrimagnetic heads, thermal magnetic noise chiefly depends on Hex rather than unidirectional anisotropy, Hua. The value of Hua does not directly affect thermal magnetic noise. The results indicate that Hex must be considered for reducing thermal magnetic noise.
REVIEWS (1940)

New Guinea Expedition. By Richard Archbold and A. L. Rand. Robert McBride & Co., New York. 1940. Pp. 206, with 10 maps and 114 plates.
Structure and phase transitions in Langmuir monolayers (1999)

Lipid monolayers on the surface of water have been studied for over a hundred years, but in the last decade there has been a dramatic evolution in our understanding of the structures and phase transitions of these systems, driven by new experimental techniques and theoretical advances. In this review, dense monolayers of simple lipids are described in detail, including structures revealed by x-ray-diffraction experiments, computer simulations, molecular models, and a phenomenological theory of phase transitions. The effects of chirality and the structures of phospholipid monolayers are considered. Open questions and possible approaches to finding answers are discussed.
Clinical applications of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. (2009)

As a direct result of the rapid technical progress which has been realized regarding hardware and software, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) is increasingly established as an important method in the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. Numerous clinical and experimental studies have demonstrated the equality or even superiority of CMR compared to other imaging modalities such as nuclear medicine or transthoracic echocardiography. Particular strengths of CMR are the ability to overcome anatomical limitations (such as poor acoustic window), a multimodality approach to comprehensively answer various aspects of cardiac disease, and the absence of ionizing radiation during the exam. Main clinical applications of CMR include assessment of ventricular function, myocardial viability, myocardial perfusion, valvular disease, differential diagnosis of inflammatory heart disease and cardiomyopathies, congenital heart disease and structural abnormalities. In the assessment of coronary artery disease (CAD) by CMR, analysis of global and regional myocardial function is enhanced by examination of myocardial viability and perfusion. This non-invasive diagnostic ''triad'' confers CMR a unique methodological strength for a comprehensive evaluation of CAD within one single exam session. In particular, late gadolinium enhancement scar imaging by CMR is currently the most accurate non-invasive method to examine myocardial viability. In several studies on the prognostic value of CMR in CAD assessment, normal adenosine-stress CMR was highly predictive for a good prognosis, thus able to identify patients in whom invasive coronary angiography can be deferred safely. Regarding myocarditis, CMR is evolving as the most accurate imaging technique. Challenges for future development of the role of CMR in clinical routine will most likely not only include technical improvement, but also a larger CMR scanner availability, optimized cost-efficiency, increased awareness and competence to be achieved by an extended education and training in CMR.
<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>infection suppresses allergic airways disease by inducing regulatory T-cells (2010)

An inverse association exists between some bacterial infections and the prevalence of asthma. We investigated whether Streptococcus pneumoniae infection protects against asthma using mouse models of ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic airway disease (AAD). Mice were intratracheally infected or treated with killed S. pneumoniae before, during or after OVA sensitisation and subsequent challenge. The effects of S. pneumoniae on AAD were assessed. Infection or treatment with killed S. pneumoniae suppressed hallmark features of AAD, including antigen-specific T-helper cell (Th) type 2 cytokine and antibody responses, peripheral and pulmonary eosinophil accumulation, goblet cell hyperplasia, and airway hyperresponsiveness. The effect of infection on the development of specific features of AAD depended on the timing of infection relative to allergic sensitisation and challenge. Infection induced significant increases in regulatory T-cell (Treg) numbers in lymph nodes, which correlated with the degree of suppression of AAD. Tregs reduced T-cell proliferation and Th2 cytokine release. The suppressive effects of infection were reversed by anti-CD25 treatment. Respiratory infection or treatment with S. pneumoniae attenuates allergic immune responses and suppresses AAD. These effects may be mediated by S. pneumoniae-induced Tregs. This identifies the potential for the development of therapeutic agents for asthma from S. pneumoniae.
Expression and secretion of human protein disulphide isomerase in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1994)

Conference Article| February 01 1994 Expression and secretion of human protein disulphide isomerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae José M. Luz; José M. Luz 1Biological Laboratory, University of Kent at Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar H. Markus; H. Markus ¶Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19496, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. Farquhar; R. Farquhar 1Biological Laboratory, University of Kent at Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar L. D. Schultz; L. D. Schultz ¶Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19496, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. W. Ellis; R. W. Ellis ¶Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19496, USA Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R. B. Freedman; R. B. Freedman 1Biological Laboratory, University of Kent at Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar M. F. Tuite M. F. Tuite 1Biological Laboratory, University of Kent at Canterbury, Kent CT2 7NJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1994) 22 (1): 76S. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst022076s Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation José M. Luz, H. Markus, R. Farquhar, L. D. Schultz, R. W. Ellis, R. B. Freedman, M. F. Tuite; Expression and secretion of human protein disulphide isomerase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Soc Trans 1 February 1994; 22 (1): 76S. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst022076s Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: PDI-protein disulphide isomerase, P4H-prolyl 4-hidroxylase, ER-endoplasmic reticulum, y-yeast, h-human, TCA-trichloroacetic acid © 1994 Biochemical Society1994 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cartographic Contouring with Computer and Plotter (1984)

Digital models of height points approximate the earth's surface or depict the spatial distribution of other geographical or geological phenomena. Digital models of the earth's surface (DTMs) are distinct from those representing thematic phenomena (DEMs) and require different treatment. Algorithms for computer-assisted contouring based on digital models should be adapted to the type and character of DTM at hand; general-purpose contouring algorithms have dubious advantages. This paper describes the algorithm of a computer program for the interpolation of contours into a regular grid of height points; suggests a solution to the “saddle problem,” based on geomorphological considerations; and demonstrates the adaptation of contour flow to the structure lines of the relief. The details of computer-executed “cosmetic” treatment of contours follow, including algorithms for labeling contours, generating index contours, and notating spot heights.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of the Structural Core of Tetracyclines by a Palladium‐Catalyzed Domino Tsuji—Trost—Heck—Mizoroki Reaction. (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Getting the Focus and the Group: Enhancing Analytical Rigor in Focus Group Research (2000)

In the literature on focus groups, far more attention has been devoted to how groups are organized and conducted than to issues of analysis. Although exploitation of group dynamics is touted as a virtue of focus groups, there is very little guidance in the literature with respect to how differences between group and individual discourse impact the analysis and interpretation of focus group data. In this article, the authors describe analytical challenges inherent in the interpretation of focus group data and suggest approaches for enhancing the rigor of analysis and the reliability and validity of focus group findings.
Self‐Assembling [2]Pseudorotaxanes (1991)

The complex formed from the tetracationic cyclophane 1 and hydroquinone polyethers such as 2 resembles a string of pearls. It forms spontaneously on combination of the components in solution and is stabilized by multiple π/π stacking interactions between the aromatic rings.
On preprocessing of speech signals (2009)

Preprocessing of speech signals is considered a crucial step in the development of a robust and efficient speech or speaker recognition system. In this paper, we present some popular statistical outlier-detection based strategies to segregate the silence/unvoiced part of the speech signal from the voiced portion. The proposed methods are based on the utilization of the 3 σ edit rule, and the Hampel Identifier which are compared with the conventional techniques: (i) short-time energy (STE) based methods, and (ii) distribution based methods. The results obtained after applying the proposed strategies on some test voice signals are encouraging
Orthoamide, XL. Herstellung von 1,1,2,3,3‐pentasubstituierten und 1,1,2,2,3,3‐hexasubstituierten Guanidiniumsalzen sowie von 1,1,2,3,3‐Pentaalkylguanidinen (1984)

Abstract N , N , N ′, N ′‐(Tetramethyl)thioharnstoff ( 1 ) reagiert mit N , N ‐Dimethylcarbamoylchlorid ( 2 ) zu dem Guanidiniumsalz 3a . Dimethylsulfat setzt sich mit 1 zum Salz 4 um, das mit Dimethylamin in 3b übergeführt wird. Chlorformamidiniumsalze 5 , erhalten aus N , N , N ′, N ′‐(Tetraalkylharnstoffen und Phosgen, reagieren mit Gemischen aus sekundären oder primären und tertiären Aminen zu Gemischen aus Guanidinium‐ und Ammoniumsalzen. Daraus lassen sich die Guanidiniumsalze 3a, 6 bzw. 11 gewinnen. Die Salze 3a und 6 werden in Tetraphenylborate 7 umgewandelt. Aus den Guanidiniumchloriden 3a und 6h werden die Fluoroborate 8a bzw. 8b hergestellt. Durch Anionenaustausch werden aus 8a, b die Salze 9, 10 dargestellt. Aus den Guanidinen 12 werden die Salze 13 gewonnen.
A rapid signal processing technique to remove the effect of dispersion from guided wave signals (2003)

Guided acoustic and ultrasonic waves have been utilized in various manners for non-destructive evaluation and testing. If a guided wave mode is dispersive, a pulse of energy will spread out in space and time as it propagates. For a long-range guided wave inspection application, this constrains the choice of operating point to regions on the dispersion curves where dispersion effects are small. A signal processing technique is presented that enables this constraint on operating point to be relaxed. The technique makes use of a priori knowledge of the dispersion characteristics of a guided wave mode to map signals from the time to distance domains. In the mapping process, dispersed signals are compressed to their original shape. The theoretical basis of the technique is described and an efficient numerical implementation is presented. The robustness of the technique to inaccuracies in the dispersion data is also addressed. The application of the technique to experimental data is shown and the resulting improvement in spatial resolution is demonstrated. The implications of using dispersion compensation in practical systems are briefly discussed.
Adhesion of mammalian cells to a recombinant attachment factor, CBD/RGD, analyzed by image analysis (1995)

A luminance thresholding procedure was developed to quantify cell attachment of a variety of cell lines to CBD/RGD, a hybrid attachment factor comprising a cellulose binding domain and the fibronectin-like RGD attachment peptide. The technique used local thresholding, median filtering, and opening to separate and count cells on each image. Cell lines exhibited three different patterns of attachment to CBD/RGD, depending on whether it was immobilized on polystyrene or cellulose acetate. Vero, COS, HFF, 3T3, 293, and U373 cells attached well to CBD/RGD immobilized on polystyrene or cellulose acetate. CHO, MRC-5, and HEp-2 cells attached to CBD/RGD immobilized on polystyrene, but not to CBD/RGD immobilized on cellulose acetate. BHK and L cells failed to attach to CBD/RGD immobilized on either polystyrene or cellulose acetate. The attachment of many cell lines to CBD/RGD was comparable with attachment of these cells to fibronectin. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A DEVELOPMENT OF SETTLEMENT MEASURING SYSTEM USING MAGNETIC SENSOR AND IT'S APPLICATION (1989)

The new method of measuring settlement using one bore hole which has enable the increase of measuring points during observation were developed. The principle of this method is based on two unique points, one of which is application of a permanent magnet as an indicator of settlement, and the other is the exploitation of semi-conductor magneto-resistance elements for detecting the magnetic fields. In advance of the observation, the magnets are forced into the earth penetrating the VINYL CHLORIDE casing of bore hole by the oil jack at suitable depths and intervals, and the small sized magneto-resistance element is much use of realization of this idea.In this paper, the principles of this method, measuring procedure, the special characteristics and potential of this system and the results of field trials are described.
A two-dimensional f-.THETA. micro optical lens scanner with electrostatic comb-drive XY-stage (2005)

We report the design, fabrication and electromechanical performance of a newly developed micro electromechanical XY-scanner for micro-optical spatial light modulation using the silicon micromachining technology. A two-dimensional stage is integrated with a silicon micro lens to scan a transmitting infrared light of 1.55-micron-wavelength by the mechanism of the ƒ-θ lens scanner. Mechanical displacement of up to ± 10 microns (optical angle of ± 0.57 degrees) was obtained with a drive voltage of 30V; optical simulation has suggested that the scanner can be used to construct a free-space optical crossconnect of 9-input by 9-output port counts.
Reconfigurable optical transmitters and receivers (2011)

Recent advances in electronic data processing allow constructing reconfigurable optical transmitters and receivers, where modulation formats and symbol rates are set by software-controlled field programmable gate arrays (FPGA). We report on such a real-time optical transmitter for 8 modulation formats, which can be swapped in 5 ns without data loss. With single-polarization 64QAM symbols generated at 28 GBd, we transmit data at 168 Gbit/s in real time. A similar arrangement defines a single-polarization orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmitter for a data rate of 101.5 Gbit/s, where 58 subcarriers are encoded with 16QAM data. With a different software setup, the FPGA realizes an optical 56 Gbit/s transmitter for sinc-shaped so-called Nyquist pulses, the spectrum of which is rectangular having the minimum theoretically achievable bandwidth (suitable for Nyquist wavelength division multiplexing, N-WDM). For terabit OFDM reception, optical pre-processing is required to demultiplex high-bitrate signals down to lower-bitrate tributaries, which then can be processed electronically. We discuss a 10.8 Tbit/s (26 Tbit/s) receiver employing an all-optical fast Fourier transform to demultiplex 75 (325) optical subcarriers modulated with 16QAM-formated symbols at a rate of 18 GBd (10 GBd). Groups with any number of subcarriers can be selected with a simple hardware reconfiguration step.
Carbostannylation of Alkynes Catalyzed by an Iminophosphine−Palladium Complex (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTCarbostannylation of Alkynes Catalyzed by an Iminophosphine−Palladium ComplexEiji Shirakawa, Hiroto Yoshida, Takuya Kurahashi, Yoshiaki Nakao, and Tamejiro HiyamaView Author Information Department of Material Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 12, 2975–2976Publication Date (Web):March 12, 1998Publication History Received12 December 1997Published online12 March 1998Published inissue 1 April 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja974206khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja974206krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1174Altmetric-Citations100LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Hydrocarbons,Oxidation reactions,Palladium,Selectivity Get e-Alerts
Documentation for safety critical software (1993)

The authors review some of the fundamental difficulties presented by the design and the validation of software for safety critical applications. They suggest that software formal documentation techniques ameliorate the problems described. The principles behind a method of documenting both requirements and software design are presented. The methods have been used by the Atomic Energy Control Board of Canada in its safety assessment of the shutdown software of the Darlington generating station (D.L. Parnas et al., 1991). The method is illustrated by applying it to a small portion of the safety feature actuation system of a PWR nuclear reactor. >
Visible-light optical coherence tomography for retinal oximetry (2013)

We applied a visible-light spectroscopic optical coherence tomography (vis-OCT) for in vivo retinal oximetry. To extract hemoglobin oxygen saturation (sO(2)) in individual retinal vessels, we established a comprehensive analytical model to describe optical absorption, optical scattering, and blood cell packing factor in the whole blood and fit the acquired vis-OCT signals from the bottom of each imaged vessel. We found that averaged sO(2) values in arterial and venous bloods were 95% and 72%, respectively.
On Signal Tracing for Debugging Speedpath-Related Electrical Errors in Post-Silicon Validation (2010)

One of the most challenging problems in post-silicon validation is to identify those errors that cause prohibitive extra delay on speed paths in the circuit under debug (CUD) and only expose themselves in a certain electrical environment. To address this problem, we propose a trace-based silicon debug solution, which provides real-time visibility to the speed paths in the CUD during normal operation. Since tracing all speed path-related signals can cause prohibited design for debug (DfD) overhead, we present an automated trace signal selection methodology that maximizes error detection probability under a given constraint. In addition, we develop a novel trace qualification technique that reduces the storage requirement in trace buffers. The effectiveness of the proposed methodology is verified with large benchmark circuits.