gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐<i>co</i>‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) Production in Recombinant <i>Aeromonas hydrophila</i> 4AK4 Harboring <i>phbA</i>, <i>phbB</i> and <i>vgb</i> Genes (2005)

Abstract Poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate‐ co ‐3‐hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx), a copolyester consisting of 3‐hydroxybutyrate (3HB) and 3‐hydroxyhexanoate (3HHx), can be synthesized by Aeromonas hydrophila strain 4AK4 using long chain fatty acids as the carbon source. The wild type A. hydrophila 4AK4 accumulated PHBHHx consisting of 12‐15 mol% 3HHx regardless of growth conditions. When phbA , phbB and vgb genes encoding β ‐ketothiolase, acetoacetyl‐CoA reductase and vitreoscilla hemoglobin, respectively, were introduced together into A. hydrophila 4AK4, the recombinant strain grew to over 20 g/L cell dry weight (CDW) after 48 h of shake flask cultivation in co‐substrates of dodecanoate and gluconate (weight ratio 1:1), and the CDW contained 50% PHBHHx consisting of 9 mol% 3HHx. Under similar conditions, the wild type strain produced only 12 g/L CDW containing 32% PHBHHx with 15 mol% 3HHx. In comparison, recombinant harboring phbA and phbB produced 35% PHBHHx with 9 mol% 3HHx in 15 g/L CDW under the same conditions. The obvious differences in terms of the cell growth and PHBHHx production were attributed to the expression of vgb in A. hydrophila 4AK4, which was clearly observed in carbon monoxide difference spectra. The expression of vgb in the recombinant not only improved cell growth and PHBHHx accumulation, but also increased the plasmid stability during cell growth, especially under low dissolved oxygen tension in fermentors. PHBHHx production could be further increased to over 60% of the CDW by the over expression of phaC and phaJ from Aeromonas caviae encoding PHBHHx synthase and (R)‐specific enoyl‐CoA hydratase, respectively. Over expression of phaC , phaJ and phaP , alone or in various combinations, also increased the 3HHx content of PHBHHx from 14‐34%. The above results showed that A. hydrophila was amenable to genetic manipulation, and that these modifications could be exploited to produce compounds with different properties for commercial and research applications.
The Theory of the Infinitely Wide, Perfectly Flexible, Self-Acting Foil Bearing (1965)

The differential equations applicable to the film thickness beneath an infinitely wide, perfectly flexible self-acting tape are derived in this paper. Accurate numerical solutions are obtained for the film thickness in both the entrance and exit regions. These solutions have general applicability to situations where the entrance and exit regions are separated by a third region of uniform thickness.
Ras Signaling in Yeast (2011)

Since the study of yeast RAS and adenylate cyclase in the early 1980s, yeasts including budding and fission yeasts contributed significantly to the study of Ras signaling. First, yeast studies provided insights into how Ras activates downstream signaling pathways. Second, yeast studies contributed to the identification and characterization of GAP and GEF proteins, key regulators of Ras. Finally, the study of yeast provided many important insights into the understanding of C-terminal processing and membrane association of Ras proteins.
Service Oriented Architecture based Single Line Diagram Auto-drawing Technique in Distribution Automation Systems (2012)

A single line diagram is a graphic user interface to represent electrical connectivity between power equipments in distribution automation systems. This paper proposes a new single line auto-drawing technique based on the service oriented architecture. Web service, CIM(Common Information Model) and SVG(Scalable Vector Graphics) are adopted to implement SOA concept. A web service demo system was established which is configured with the service provider, consumer and broker to verify the feasibility of this study.
Comparative Biology and Ecology of the Formosan Subterranean Termite, Coptotermes Formosanus Shiraki (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in Louisiana. (2000)

A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the effects of sibship patterns and different origins of colonies on mate mortality and growth of incipient colonies in the subterranean termite, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Primary reproductives from New Orleans in nonsibling pairs had significantly higher mortality than sibling pairs. The average egg production for sibling and nonsibling pairs showed no overall significance in the first oviposition period, however, the average number of larvae was consistently higher in nonsibling than in sibling-founded colonies from New Orleans. After two years, the average number of eggs or larvae present in nonsibling-founded colonies was significantly higher than sibling-founded colonies from New Orleans. Colonies headed by sibling pairs from Lake Charles showed the highest number of larvae. Either sibling- or nonsibling-founded colonies from Lake Charles had a significantly higher survival rate than colonies from New Orleans. The high mortality of outbred pairs may be an effect of outbreeding depression or disease. The heterozygous offspring by outbred pairs may provide advantages to environmental fluctuations and harbor greater protozoan populations. Differences on survival and production of brood between two areas may represent regional preadaptations. In a second series of tests, it was determined that termite survival and wood consumption were affected by a complex of factors. Termite cohort at 30°C with initial soldier proportions of 0 up to 10% produced a higher soldier proportion than those at 20, 25, or 33°C. There was a significant interaction of temperature by soldier proportion on termite survival. These two variables could not be isolated in our termite bioassay. C. formosanus did not significantly increase wood consumption rate as termite density increased. Termite survival and wood consumption rate declined significantly when termite exceeded a density >300 individuals. Termite survival and wood consumption rate significantly increased as wood volume increased. However, there was no significant influence of wood surface area on consumption rate and survival, given a constant wood volume. Moisture is a precondition for colonization by C. formosanus queens and kings. Nitrogenous compounds of urea or L-glutamic acid in the moist substrate did not increase nest site preference.
Analysis of an open-ended coaxial probe measurement system for magnetic materials (2011)

This paper presents influence of parameters of an open-ended coaxial probe measurement system on magnetic materials. A detailed analysis is done for magnetic fluids and solid magnetic materials. Analysis is done by full-wave model of an open-ended coaxial probe measurement system. Parameters which have influence on measured permittivity and permeability are presented and discussed.
Catalytic Depolymerization of Lignin in Supercritical Ethanol (2014)

One-step valorization of soda lignin in supercritical ethanol using a CuMgAlOx catalyst results in high monomer yield (23 wt%) without char formation. Aromatics are the main products. The catalyst combines excellent deoxygenation with low ring-hydrogenation activity. Almost half of the monomer fraction is free from oxygen. Elemental analysis of the THF-soluble lignin residue after 8 h reaction showed a 68% reduction in O/C and 24% increase in H/C atomic ratios as compared to the starting Protobind P1000 lignin. Prolonged reaction times enhanced lignin depolymerization and reduced the amount of repolymerized products. Phenolic hydroxyl groups were found to be the main actors in repolymerization and char formation. 2D HSQC NMR analysis evidenced that ethanol reacts by alkylation and esterification with lignin fragments. Alkylation was found to play an important role in suppressing repolymerization. Ethanol acts as a capping agent, stabilizing the highly reactive phenolic intermediates by O-alkylating the hydroxyl groups and by C-alkylating the aromatic rings. The use of ethanol is significantly more effective in producing monomers and avoiding char than the use of methanol. A possible reaction network of the reactions between the ethanol and lignin fragments is discussed.
Setting behaviour of cement pastes containing admixtures determined from shear modulus tests (1988)

Synopsis The rates of development of shear modulus of three fresh Portland cement pastes, two containing accelerating admixtures and one containing a retarding admixture, were compared with the shear modulus of a control mix during the, first few hours after mixing. It was found that the shear modulus equipment used was sensitive enough to detect differences in structure development between the mixes. The initial setting times were determined using the Vicat apparatus and it was observed that the mixes had diferent shear modulus values at their Vicat initial setting time. However, average shear moduli of at least 1970 k Pa had been reached in all cases by the Vicat initial setting time, with the maximum shear modulus of 3270 k Pa being measured for the control mix without additives.
Leakage-proof domino circuit design for deep sub-100 nm technologies (2004)

The leakage power consumption in deep sub-100 nm CMOS systems is projected to become a significant part of the total power dissipation. Although the dual Vt CMOS process helps reduce the subthreshold leakage current in domino circuits, the gate leakage problem poses a significant design challenge. We propose two new circuit techniques to suppress both subthreshold leakage current and gate leakage current in domino circuits. In standby mode, subthreshold leakage current is suppressed by using dual Vt devices in the two proposed circuits. The proposed circuits generate low inputs and low outputs to suppress gate leakage current in the NMOS logic tree in standby mode. Simulation results based on 45 nm BSIM4 models show that 32-bit adders using the two proposed circuits can reduce the total standby leakage by 83.2% and 93.2%, respectively, compared with the adder using single Vt domino circuits. Proposed adders have 7% active power overhead to achieve the same speed as single Vt domino adder and the area penalty is minimal with careful layout.
Maine's Non-Shareholder Constituency Statute (1993)

In 1985, the Maine Legislature enacted an amendment to section 716 of the Maine Business Corporation Act which added the following paragraph to the statute: “In discharging their duties, the directors and officers may, in considering the best interests of the corporation and of its shareholders, consider the effects of any action upon employees, suppliers and customers of the corporation, communities in which offices or other establishments of the corporation are located and all other pertinent factors.” This amendment, commonly referred to as a non-shareholder constituency provision, is seen by some as affecting no great change in Maine's corporate fiduciary duty law. Two significant events have occurred, however, since the passage of this amendment which support a far broader interpretation of Maine's non-shareholder constituency provision. First, in 1987 the Maine Legislature again amended section 716 by adding the following new section: A director shall not be held personally liable for monetary damages for failure to discharge any duty as a director unless the director is found not to have acted honestly or in the reasonable belief that the action was in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation or its shareholders. This section, which creates a statutory business judgment rule, when read in conjunction with the non-shareholder constituency portion of section 716, could allow directors to consider non-shareholder constituencies ahead of shareholders and still qualify for coverage under the business judgment rule. Allowing directors to put the interests of non-shareholder constituencies ahead of shareholders without recourse effects a significant departure from "existing law. Second, in 1989 the U.S. District Court for the District of Maine decided Georgia-Pacific Corp. v. Great Northern Nekoosa Corp. Which interpreted section 716. The court stated "Maine law suggests that the Directors of a corporation, in considering the best interests of the shareholders and corporation, should also consider the interests of the company's employees, its customers and suppliers, and communities in which offices of the corporation are located." Although clearly an incorrect reading of the language of the statute, and dicta besides, this interpretation is significant in that it is the only published opinion interpreting Maine's non-shareholder constituency statute. Neither the Maine Legislature nor the Maine Supreme Judicial Court has refuted the Georgia-Pacific interpretation, which comes close to creating a duty on directors to consider non-shareholder constituencies. This interpretation represents a significant departure from Maine fiduciary duty law. When considering these two events, especially in terms of how they would influence a Maine court attempting to interpret section 716, it becomes harder to argue that Maine's non-shareholder constituency statute has affected no change in Maine fiduciary duty law. The purpose of this Comment is to examine Maine's non-shareholder constituency statute and predict its effects on corporate fiduciary duty law in Maine.
The energy gap of epitaxial layers as a function of composition and temperature (1997)

The energy gap of zinc-blende epitaxial layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy has been determined over a wide range of composition using optical transmission and reflection and an empirical formula for the energy gap at room temperature is also given. In addition in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry was used in order to determine the temperature dependence of the energy gap between room temperature and the growth temperature of alloys with compositions x, y as used in cladding layers and waveguides for blue - green light-emitting devices.
Preparation of solid membrane chloride ion selective electrodes by ion implantation (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of solid membrane chloride ion selective electrodes by ion implantationRobert S. Glass, Ronald G. Musket, and Keith C. HongCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 19, 2203–2206Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00019a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00019a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Automatic Control of pH Value in Cultures of Micro-organisms (1956)

SUMMARY: Equipment for the automatic control of pH value in cultures of micro-organisms is described. The apparatus was designed for a 2 l. scale continuous culture apparatus. The equipment will continuously control pH value with an accuracy of ± 0·05 unit for periods of many hundred hours. The pH value may be changed at will by turning a knob on the controller. It is sufficient to check the pH meter standardization once every day or two. The main components of the apparatus are standard commercial products.
The US Department of Defense Millennium Cohort Study: Career Span and Beyond Longitudinal Follow-Up (2009)

Prospective cohort data have identified subgroups of military populations at higher risk or more resilient to decrements in mental and physical health. Continued career span and beyond follow-up will answer long-term health questions related to military service.
Imaging analyses of ion channel_molecule functions (2013)

細胞内Ca2+シグナルは，発生から神経伝達物質の遊離，筋収縮，遺伝子発現，高次脳機能に至るまで様々なレベルの生命現象に関与している．その細胞内Ca2+動態を調節し，生体の恒常性を維持する上で本質的な役割を担っている分子の一つがイオンチャネルである．多彩かつ重要な細胞機能を制御する細胞内 Ca2+変動とその制御に関わるイオンチャネル分子を可視化（イメージング）して，その動態を追跡することは，各種臓器機能とその病態での変化を解明する上で極めて意義深い．さらに，新規治療薬を開発する上でも，創製した薬物が細胞内Ca2+濃度やイオンチャネル活性に及ぼす効果は，薬効を担う重要な因子となっている．本研究では，電気生理学と遺伝子工学を基盤としたイオンチャネルの分子機能解析に，高速走査型共焦点レーザー顕微鏡（confocal imaging），全反射蛍光顕微鏡（TIRF imaging），一分子可視化法（single-molecule imaging），ブリーチングステップ法（bleaching-step analysis），蛍光共鳴エネルギー移動法（FRET analysis）などの先端的イメージング技術を導入した．これらの画像解析と電気生理応答の同時測定によって，細胞内Ca2+シグナルと機能的に共役するイオンチャネルならびにその分子複合体の生理的意義の解明を目指した．本研究の成果は，①細胞内Ca2+動態を制御する分子群の機能的連関の解明，②細胞内の限局した領域で発生するCa2+シグナルの画像解析の展開，③イオンチャネルの一分子動態と分子間相互作用の可視化に大きく寄与した．本研究で構築した高度イメージング技術と電気生理学的情報に基づいたイオンチャネル分子機能解析は，薬理学領域の発展およびイオンチャネル標的創薬の推進に大きく貢献できると考えられる．
Activation Barriers for Addition of Methyl Radicals to Oxygen-Stabilized Carbocations (2005)

Activation barriers (DeltaHMe(double dagger)) for adding methyl radicals to ions of the general formula CH3CR=OCH3+ have been measured by looking at the threshold energies for the reverse reaction, dissociative photoionization of ethers of the general formula RC(CH3)2OCH3. Dissociation by loss of a methyl radical has more favorable thermochemistry than loss of R*, yet the onset of R* loss occurs at lower energies than loss of CH3*. In other words, the more endothermic dissociation exhibits a lower appearance energy. Contrathermodynamic ordering of appearance energies is observed for R = Et, nPr, iPr, tBu, and neopentyl. The sum of the appearance energy difference, DeltaAE, and the thermochemical difference (DeltaDeltaH, calculated using G3 theory) gives a lower bound for the barrier for adding methyl radical to CH3CR=OCH3+. More specifically, the difference between that activation barrier and the one for adding R* to (CH3)2C=OCH3+, DeltaHMe(double dagger)-DeltaHR(double dagger), equals DeltaAE + DeltaDeltaH and has values in the range 20-24 kJ mol(-1) for the homologous series investigated. There is no systematic trend with the steric bulk of R, and available evidence suggests that DeltaHR(double dagger) does not have a value >5 kJ mol(-1). The difference in barrier heights, DeltaHMe(double dagger)-DeltaHiPr(double dagger) for CH3* plus iPrC(CH3)=OX+ vs iPr* + (CH3)2C=OX+, has the same value, regardless of whether X = H or CH3. Mixing of higher energy electronic configurations provides a qualitative theoretical explanation for some (but not all) observed trends in barrier heights.
Two conformational states of <i>Candida rugosa</i> lipase (1994)

The structure of Candida rugosa lipase in a new crystal form has been determined and refined at 2.1 A resolution. The lipase molecule was found in an inactive conformation, with the active site shielded from the solvent by a part of the polypeptide chain-the flap. Comparison of this structure with the previously determined "open" form of this lipase, in which the active site is accessible to the solvent and presumably the substrate, shows that the transition between these 2 states requires only movement of the flap. The backbone NH groups forming the putative oxyanion hole do not change position during this rearrangement, indicating that this feature is preformed in the inactive state. The 2 lipase conformations probably correspond to states at opposite ends of the pathway of interfacial activation. Quantitative analysis indicates a large increase of the hydrophobic surface in the vicinity of the active site. The flap undergoes a flexible rearrangement during which some of its secondary structure refolds. The interactions of the flap with the rest of the protein change from mostly hydrophobic in the inactive form to largely hydrophilic in the "open" conformation. Although the flap movement cannot be described as a rigid body motion, it has very definite hinge points at Glu 66 and at Pro 92. The rearrangement is accompanied by a cis-trans isomerization of this proline, which likely increases the energy required for the transition between the 2 states, and may play a role in the stabilization of the active conformation at the water/lipid interface. Carbohydrate attached at Asn 351 also provides stabilization for the open conformation of the flap.
Alternatives to least squares (1982)

The mathematical discussion of the results of observation almost invariably can be reduced to the form A.x=d, where A is the matrix of the equations of condition, d is the m vector of the observations, and x is the desired solution vector of dimension n. Because of the errors of the observations, the system is inconsistent and no one vector x will satisfy all of the equations. In practice, one makes the m vector r of the residuals, defined as r=A.x-d, as small as possible in some sense. The criterion is almost always that of the method of least squares involving the minimization of r(T).r. However, many modern authorities feel that the underlying assumptions upon which the method is based may not be valid. In an evaluation of three alternatives to traditional least squares it is found that the method of averages and the Chebyshev method are totally unsuitable for the analysis of observational data. The method of minimum sum, however, is very competitive with least squares and is deserving of greater attention by astronomers.
Abnormally High Expression of Proteasome Activator-γ in Thyroid Neoplasm (2003)

PA28-gamma is the activator of 20S proteasome, the ATP-dependent proteolytic system that plays an important role in cell cycle progression in various cell types. In this paper, we show the abnormally high expression of PA28-gamma in various thyroid neoplasms. Thyroid samples were obtained from patients with normal thyroid (4 cases) and with the following diseases: papillary adenocarcinoma (13 cases), multinodular goiter (4 cases), and anaplastic carcinoma (1 case). PA28-gamma expression was estimated by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. In all of the papillary adenocarcinoma samples, PA28-gamma was abnormally overexpressed, especially in cancer cells existing at the peripheral region of the cancer mass or in cancer cells invading the capsular region surrounding the cancer mass. In cancer cells of these areas, PA28-gamma was predominantly distributed in nucleus rather than in the cytoplasm of cancer cells. On the other hand, no obvious PA28-gamma expression was observed in the adjacent normal thyroid follicular cells. In multinodular goiter, the expression of PA28-gamma was relatively low compared with papillary adenocarcinoma. In anaplastic carcinoma, PA28-gamma was expressed at the highest level, especially in poorly differentiated regions such as squamous metaplasia of anaplastic cancer tissue. Therefore, the PA28-gamma expression seems to be restricted to thyroid cancer cells, especially in the region where the growth rate of cancer cells is accelerated. This result is further confirmed by the fact that C2, alpha-subunit of 20S proteasome, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen are similarly overexpressed in this region. Thus, PA28-gamma might be involved in the regulatory system for the cell cycle. Moreover, the growth of thyroid cancer cell lines was affected by the proteasome inhibitor, clasto-lactacystin beta-lactone. These results demonstrate that PA28-gamma is overexpressed in thyroid cancer, especially in its growth-accelerated cells.
Heat Transfer equipment fundamentals, design, applications, and operating problems - Presented at the 1989 national heat transfer conference, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, August 6-9, 1989 (1989)

Keywords: ebullition ; condensation ; transfert de chaleur ; echangeurs de : chaleur ; refrigeration Reference Record created on 2005-11-18, modified on 2016-08-08