gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antimalarial drugs: current status and new developments (2005)

Malaria continues to be a major threat in the developing world, with > 1 million clinical episodes and 3000 deaths every day. In the last century, malaria claimed between 150 and 300 million lives, accounting for 2 - 5% of all deaths. Currently approximately 40% of the world population resides in areas of active malaria transmission. The disease symptoms are most severe in young children and pregnant women. A total of 90% of the disease-associated mortality occurs in Subsaharan Africa, despite the fact that malaria is indigenous to most tropical regions. A licensed vaccine for malaria has not become a reality and antimalarial drugs are the only available method of treatment. Although chloroquine, the first synthetically developed antimalarial, proved to be an almost magical cure for > 30 years, the emergence and spread of chloroquine-resistant parasites has made it virtually ineffective in most parts of the world. Currently, artemisinin, a plant-derived antimalarial, is the only available drug that is globally effective against the parasite. Although several new drugs have been introduced in the past 30 years, widespread or isolated cases of resistance indicate that their window of effectiveness will be limited. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop new therapeutics and regimens for malaria control. This article presents an overview of the currently available antimalarial chemotherapy options and the efforts being undertaken to develop new drugs based on both the recent technological advances and modifications to the old remedies, and on combination therapies.
Evaluation of Bioremediation Treatments in a Shoreline-Simulating Microcosm (2002)

Abstract A microcosm test was designed to study the efficiency of bioremediation treatments at oil contaminated shorelines. The biodegradation in the hermetically closed microcosm was monitored by measuring the total cumulative inorganic carbon evolved during the bioremediation process. The effects of three different additives, medium-release methylene urea (MU) + apatite, fast-release MU + superphosphate, and a biosorbent, on the biodegradation of weathered crude oil (North Sea Brent) were evaluated at +10°C. All the additives significantly increased mineralization. The total amount of inorganic carbon evolved during the 10-week study was measured in the microcosm treated with oil, and with oil and medium-release MU + apatite, fast-release MU + superphosphate, and biosorbent. The amounts were 40,670,490, and 580 mg, respectively. The respirometric measurements were supported by microbiological determinations, ATP content in the sand, number of heterotrophic bacteria, and amount of biomass-C determined by the substrate-induced respiration method. Nutrient analysis indicated that biodegradation was nitrogen limited. The microcosm test proved to be suitable for comparing the effectiveness of different treatments in enhancing the biodegradation of crude oil-contaminated shores. Keywords: biodegradationbioremediationcrude oilsimulationmineralizationshore
Speeding up N-port VNA calibration eliminating one-port calibrations (2013)

With the advent of new RF devices which have an increasing number of ports and to provide the opportunity to simultaneously test several devices in production, there is a growing need for Vector Network Analyzers (VNA) with an equally increased number of ports. At RF frequencies, Short-Open-Load-Thru (SOLT) is one of the favorite calibration methods, where the thru is either considered to be known or assumed to be an unknown reciprocal device. This article describes a variant of such a calibration method, where it is only necessary to connect a Short, Open and Load to either one or two ports instead of all ports, as such simplifying and speeding up the calibration. This alternative method requires however that the VNA has a second source which can be routed to the ports where no Short, Open and Load are connected.
Large‐scale inverse modeling with an application in hydraulic tomography (2011)

Inverse modeling has been widely used in subsurface problems, where direct measurements of parameters are expensive and sometimes impossible. Subsurface media are inherently heterogeneous in complex ways, which implies that the number of unknowns is usually large. Furthermore, technologies such as hydraulic tomography and electric resistivity tomography allow the collection of more indirect measurements, and at the same time, there is an increased appreciation of the value of detailed characterization of the subsurface media in, for example, remediation projects. Hence, we need efficient inverse methods that can assimilate a large volume of measurements to estimate even larger numbers of parameters, i.e., large‐scale inverse modeling. In this paper, we present a Bayesian method that employs a sparse formulation, and we applied this method to a laboratory hydraulic tomography problem, where we successfully estimated half a million unknowns that represent the hydraulic conductivity field of the sandbox at a fine scale. The inversion took about 2 h with a single core.
Crown and root rot of alfalfa: New disease of alfalfa caused by water mold found to be component of the crown and root rot complex (1955)

Alfalfa—Medicago sativa—stand loss due to crown and root rot in some areas of California may be nearly as great as that caused by bacterial wilt. The common term crown rot includes more than one specific disease, and not all of the causal components of this disease complex are known.
Whole-Brain Paths to Language Learning: An English Instruction Model (2006)

The fact that scores on international tests such as TOFEL and TOEIC in recent years have revealed that college students in Taiwan lag behind their counterparts in the rest of the world in English proficiency suggests that there exist immediate needs for the students to improve their English skills in order to attain a better level of proficiency. The current trend moving toward globalization also demands that college students be capable of international communication. English is now the main medium employed on the internet and in worldwide communication. This being the case, having strong communicative competence in English prepares college students for global advancement in specialized knowledge and information technology. This study addresses the issues of how college English instruction can be designed to correspond with students' sociological as well as academic needs for becoming successful English learners. The proposed Whole-Brain Pathways Model (WBP) aims to promote college students' English proficiency with emphasis being placed on the importance of equipping learners with essential skills for receiving comprehensible input, thereby rendering productive output possible.
Increasing Incidence of Nontuberculous Mycobacteria, Taiwan, 2000–2008 (2010)

To the Editor: Lai et al. (1) reported an increase in the number of nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) isolates and patients with pulmonary NTM diseases after implementation of the BACTEC system (Becton Dickinson, Sparks, MD, USA) late in 2001. These authors also reported that the increase was mainly in persons infected with Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) and M. abscessus. They stated that diseases caused by NTM were defi ned according to current diagnosis criteria published in 2007 (2). This fi nding suggests that Lai et al. were able to review the clinical and radiologic information for all patients.
The Use of a Side-Opening Injection Cannula in Vertebroplasty (2002)

A side-opening cannula can improve the cement-filling pattern in monopedicular vertebroplasty, as compared with a standard front-opening cannula. The risk of extravasation is diminished if the cement flow is directed medially.
Construction of a Teaching Package on Promoting Prosocial Internet Use and Preventing Antisocial Internet Use (2013)

In the construction of the teaching package on the Internet use, two major moral characters, respect and responsibility, form the core theoretical basis. The respect character consists of respect for others and self-respect while the responsibility character contains social, civil, and global responsibility. There are a total of nine units on the Internet use in the junior secondary curriculum. There are two units in Secondary One curriculum: the first unit deals with cheating behavior and privacy issues concerning the Internet, and the second one discusses the effect of excessive use of the Internet on life and study. In Secondary Two curriculum, we discuss the following social phenomena on the Internet with students: online shopping, pornographic materials on internet, and infringement of a copyright. Finally, we have designed four units on the Internet use in Secondary Three curriculum which focuses more on the relationship between the Internet use and our health. We try to answer the question on how we can use the Internet healthily and also the possibility on how it may hurt us. Similar to the second unit in Secondary One curriculum, we have designed three more units on discussing the effects of excessive use of the Internet with students. We would like to alert students that ineffective use of the Internet will hurt us mentally and physically. For illustrative purposes, two units in the Secondary One and Two curriculums are outlined in this paper.
<i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> cytadherence: unravelling the tie that binds (1996)

Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the leading cause of pneumonia in older children and young adults. Mycoplasma adherence to the respiratory epithelium (cytadherence) is required for colonization and pathogenesis. Although considered to be among the smallest and simplest known prokaryotes, this cell-wall-less bacterium possesses a highly differentiated terminal structure that is thought to be functional in mycoplasma cell division, gliding motility, and cytadherence. Mutant analysis has identified mycoplasma proteins associated with cytadherence, and revealed novel regulatory features. Ultrastructural and biochemical studies have established the subcellular location and interaction of key components, several of which are phosphorylated by ATP-dependent kinase(s) in a manner that is responsive to changing nutritional conditions. This review summarizes recent progress in defining the composition, organization and regulation of the attachment organelle. What emerges is a picture of M. pneumoniae cytadherence as a multifactorial process that extends well beyond adhesin-receptor recognition.
Measurements of Heat Transfer Coefficients in Rib-Roughened Trailing-Edge Cavities With Crossover Jets (1998)

Liquid crystals were used in this experimental investigation to measure the local and average heat transfer coefficients on the walls of six test sections simulating the trailing edge cooling cavity of a modern turbine blade. All test sections had trapezoidal cross sectional areas with two rows of racetrack-shaped slots on two opposite bases. Crossover jets, issued from the slots on one base, impinged on the test section rib-roughened walls and exited from the slots on the opposite wall. The first test section had all smooth walls and served as a baseline. The remaining five test sections were rib-roughened on either one wall or two opposite walls simulating the pressure and suction sides of the blade trailing-edge cooling cavity. In the first four tests, the jets issued into the test section along the test section plane of symmetry. Therefore, the two opposite walls, simulating pressure and suction sides of the blade, saw the same jet effects. This symmetric pattern was altered in test sections 5 and 6 in which the jets were tilted towards one or the other wall at an angle of 6°. The ribs in the roughened test sections, covering only 62% of the wall span, were mounted to the surface with an angle of attack to the jet axis, α, of 30°. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects that crossover jets have on the heat transfer coefficient and pressure recovery in a cooling cavity of a modern gas turbine blade. Major conclusions of this study were that combining the crossover jets with rib-roughened surfaces can be an effective method of cooling the trailing edge cavities and by proper arrangement of the jets and ribs, heat transfer coefficients on the two opposite walls can be tailored.
BSCR EDS protection in 250V process taking into account the turn-off effect (2005)

Bipolar SCR devices are studied as a potential ESD protection solution in case of a hi-voltage (250V) process. The problem of the HBM-TLP (human body model pulse-transmission line pulse) correlation is discussed based on pulsed measurements, ESD characterization and TCAD analysis, and is followed by a suggested new solution, based upon a multi-stage network and engineered to eliminate residual high turn-off voltage.
Programming Internet email (1999)

Preface. 1. Electronic Mail on the Internet Email Systems Internet Email Standards Tools of the Trade The Basic Internet Email System. 2. Simple Text Messages Internet Text Messages Think Globally, Act Locally Headers. 3. Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions Mail with Attitude MIME Header Fields MIME Encoding MIME Boundaries MIME Summary. 4. Creating MIME-Compliant Messages The Minimal MIME Message Multipart Messages Nested Body Parts A Few Interesting MIME Types MIME Message Creation Gotchas. 5. OpenPGP and S/MIME An Extremely Brief Introduction to Security Concepts An Overview of OpenPGP and S/MIME Combining Security and MIME The OpenPGP Format The S/MIME Format. 6. vCard Personal Data Interchange with vCard The vCard Version 3.0 Profile The vCard Version 2.1 Profile Attaching vCards to Email Messages. 7. Mailbox Formats mbox MH Maildir. 8. Mailcap Files Mailcap File Format Implementation Under Unix Operating Systems Implementation Under Other Operating Systems. 9. The Extended Simple Mail Transfer Protocol Using ESMTP ESMTP Commands ESMTP Sessions. 10. The Post Offce Protocol Using POP POP Commands POP Sessions. 11. The Internet Message Access Protocol Using IMAP IMAP Commands IMAP Sessions. 12. The Application Configuration Access Protocol Using ACAP ACAP Commands ACAP Sessions. 13. Email-Related Perl Modules Finding and Installing Perl Modules Maturity of the Mail-Related Modules Email-Related Modules Quick Reference. 14. The Java Mail API An Overview of the Java Mail API Java Mail API Reference. 15. Creating and Sending a Multipart Mail Message Designing a MIME-Capable Replacement for /bin/mail Creating mail.pl Extending and Enhancing mail.pl Sending MIME Email via Java. 16. Archiving and Cleaning a Mailbox Scrubbing Unwanted MIME Attachments Creating mboxscrub.pl Extending and Enhancing mboxscrub.pl. 17. Watching an IMAP Mailbox Designing JBiff Creating JBiff Extending JBiff. 18. Anti-Spamming Techniques The UCE Problem Recipient Approaches Service Provider Approaches Legislative Approaches. 19. The Future of Email Trends in MUAs Trends with Web-based Mail Trends Inside Firewalls A. Internet RFCs Relating to Email B. MIME Media Types C. ASCII D. Mail-Related URLs Glossary Index
A Review of Distributed Optical Fiber Sensors for Civil Engineering Applications (2016)

The application of structural health monitoring (SHM) systems to civil engineering structures has been a developing studied and practiced topic, that has allowed for a better understanding of structures' conditions and increasingly lead to a more cost-effective management of those infrastructures. In this field, the use of fiber optic sensors has been studied, discussed and practiced with encouraging results. The possibility of understanding and monitor the distributed behavior of extensive stretches of critical structures it's an enormous advantage that distributed fiber optic sensing provides to SHM systems. In the past decade, several R & D studies have been performed with the goal of improving the knowledge and developing new techniques associated with the application of distributed optical fiber sensors (DOFS) in order to widen the range of applications of these sensors and also to obtain more correct and reliable data. This paper presents, after a brief introduction to the theoretical background of DOFS, the latest developments related with the improvement of these products by presenting a wide range of laboratory experiments as well as an extended review of their diverse applications in civil engineering structures.
Characterization of human serum spreading factor with monoclonal antibody. (1983)

Serum spreading factor is a glycoprotein isolated from human serum that promotes spreading of a variety of cell types on culture dishes. We developed mouse hybridoma lines secreting monoclonal antibody to serum spreading factor that markedly inhibited the rate of serum spreading factor-promoted spreading of both fibroblastic and epithelial cells in culture. Fibronectin-promoted cell spreading was unaffected by monoclonal antibody to serum spreading factor, and the factor appeared to be distinct by several criteria from fibronectin or laminin. Human serum-promoted cell spreading was partially inhibited by monoclonal antibody to serum spreading factor. The antibody recognized primarily two forms of serum spreading factor that migrated in NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in a manner consistent with molecular weights of 65,000-70,000 and 75,000-78,000. In addition to being found in plasma, serum spreading factor was also found associated with washed human platelets.
What's the deal with dividend investing? : investment insights (2013)

Dividend investing is a very simple approach to investment, which makes it very accessible and intuitive for small and part-time investors. It's also a smart approach that has been shown to perform well over time, compared to other strategies like passive investing. Essentially, the idea is that the main thing your stock portfolio should do for you is to generate income.
Development of a novel home sperm test (2005)

The final device provides a visual estimate of the concentration of progressively motile sperm in a semen sample using a test that is completed within approximately 1 h of production of the sample and can be used by the man in the comfort of his own home.
The CLEAN type algorithms for radar signal processing (2008)

A new class of signal processing algorithm based on CLEAN methods primary introduced in radio-astronomy is presented in the paper. The classical radar signal processing is based on match filtering concept, which is optimal in mean square sense in case, when single target echo is detected against white or colour Gaussian noise. Such approach was effective when pulse radar have been widely used. The introduction of pulse-compression technique changes significantly the signal model, but still the match filter have been widely. The introduction of continuous wave radars, and especially noise and passive radars changed dramatically the situation. In such radars all echoes are superimposed and interfere with each other and the simple model no longer fits to that case. The straightforward solution - use of inverse problem mathematical solutions such as solving the set of nonlinear equations to find all echoes in received signal - is usually computationally ineffective and often numerically not stable, so suboptimal methods are being developed to improve detections of weak signals in CW radars. One of possible solution is to use concept of CLEAN technique an remove all strong echoes from received signal. When only weak signals and white noise remains in is possible to use matched filter concept without significant loses of radar sensitivity. In the paper several techniques for radar signal processing utilizing CLEAN concept are shown.
Parathyroid Hormone-Related Protein: A Regulated Calcium-Mobilizing Product of the Mammary Gland (1994)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein shares similarities in sequence and function with the endocrine hormone, parathyroid hormone. However, unlike parathyroid hormone, a product of the parathyroid glands, parathyroid hormone-related protein has a wide distribution in tissues, including the mammary gland. Although during pregnancy the expression of parathyroid hormone-related protein in the mammary gland is low, following birth, protein levels rise sharply in the gland in response to elevations in serum prolactin. Large amounts of parathyroid hormone-related protein are secreted into milk, suggesting a possible role in the neonate. Transient phosphaturia and elevations of parathyroid hormone-related protein in mammary vein plasma support a possible endocrine function for parathyroid hormone-related protein during lactation. Recent evidence suggests a local function for parathyroid hormone-related protein in the lactating mammary gland, and evidence exists that parathyroid hormone-related protein stimulates calcium secretion by the goat mammary gland. Parathyroid hormone-related protein, a putative vasodilator, is produced by the external nutrient vasculature of the mammary gland, and levels within this tissue are regulated during lactation. Infusion of parathyroid hormone-related protein into the ovine mammary artery increases gland blood flow, suggesting a role for the protein in modulation of mammary gland hemodynamics. Regulation of parathyroid hormone-related protein synthesis by the lactating gland, together with the protein's actions on regional blood flow and calcium secretion, support an important function in the mammary gland during lactogenesis.
The Effect of Shallow Trench Isolation and Sinker on the Performance of Dual-Gate LDMOS Device (2018)

In this paper, a dual-gate laterally double-diffused metal-oxide-semiconductor (DG-LDMOS) device with shallow trench isolation (STI) and sinker at the source side has been proposed. STI and sinker help to provide isolation and reduce the leakage current, respectively, in the device. This is an improvement over a single-gate (SG) LDMOS device when only one gate is used and no STI and sinker are there. The study of both the devices has been carried out using the ATLAS SILVACO simulator. In the simulation studies, all the dimensions and doping parameters of both devices have been kept the same except gate length and channel doping. The distance between two gates of DG-LDMOS device has been kept smaller. This has been done to overcome the island and overlapping issues. The simulation studies have shown a significant improvement in DG-LDMOS device parameters in comparison to the SG-LDMOS device. The DG-LDMOS device provides high breakdown voltage, low ON-resistance, high f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">max</sub> , low drain-induced barrier lowering, and better output conductance as compared to conventional SG-LDMOS device. These features make the DG-LDMOS device an excellent candidate for RF applications.
Gold‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Dibenzopentalenes – Evidence for Gold Vinylidenes (2012)

Abstract A series of easily accessible arene‐1,2‐diynes, bearing one aryl substituent on one of the alkynyl groups, is readily converted to dibenzopentalenes in good yields by gold(I) catalysts. The participation of gold acetylides could be proven by the direct conversion to the corresponding gem ‐diaurated dibenzopentalenes with a gold catalyst. From an experiment with a gold acetylide complex and stoichiometric amounts of the gold “catalyst” the corresponding gem ‐diaurated complex of a dibenzopentalene could be obtained and characterized by X‐ray crystal structure analysis. Labelling studies with deuterated alkynes show the expected deuteration of the two remaining positions of the pentalene core. All this provides evidence for a dual activation mode of the reaction and gold(I) vinylidene complexes as intermediates of the catalytic cycle.