gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virus-like particles assemble in plants and bacteria expressing the coat protein gene of Indian peanut clump virus (2000)

cDNA copies of the coat protein (CP) gene of Indian peanut clump virus (IPCV)-H were introduced into cells of Nicotiana benthamiana or Escherichia coli by transformation with vectors based on pROKII or pET respectively. In both plant and bacterial cells, IPCV CP was expressed and assembled to form virus-like particles (VLP). In plant extracts, the smallest preponderant particle length was about 50 nm. Other abundant lengths were about 85 and about 120 nm. The commonest VLP length in bacterial extracts was about 30 nm. Many of the longer VLP appeared to comprise aggregates of shorter particles. The lengths of the supposed 'monomer' VLP corresponded approximately to those expected for encapsidated CP gene transcript RNA. Immunocapture RT-PCR, using primers designed to amplify the CP gene, confirmed that the VLP contained RNA encoding IPCV-H CP. The results show that encapsidation does not require the presence of the 5'-terminal untranslated sequence of the virus RNA and suggest that if there is an 'origin of assembly' motif or sequence, it lies within the CP gene. When transgenic plants expressing IPCV-H CP were inoculated with IPCV-L, a strain that is serologically distinct from IPCV-H, the virus particles that accumulated contained both types of CP.
Automatic feature selection for anomaly detection (2008)

A frequent problem in anomaly detection is to decide among different feature sets to be used. For example, various features are known in network intrusion detection based on packet headers, content byte streams or application level protocol parsing. A method for automatic feature selection in anomaly detection is proposed which determines optimal mixture coefficients for various sets of features. The method generalizes the support vector data description (SVDD) and can be expressed as a semi-infinite linear program that can be solved with standard techniques. The case of a single feature set can be handled as a particular case of the proposed method. The experimental evaluation of the new method on unsanitized HTTP data demonstrates that detectors using automatically selected features attain competitive performance, while sparing practitioners from a priori decisions on feature sets to be used.
Transparent Cu<sub>2</sub>O solar cell for high-efficiency and low-cost tandem photovoltaics (2019)

Transparent Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O thin film solar cells were fabricated using reactive sputtering of Cu in oxygen atmosphere for use in tandem cells. High transparency and power generation of Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O thin film solar cells were confirmed for the first time in the world. Prototype four-probe tandem Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O/Si cells were fabricated to confirm the power generation of the Si bottom cell. The infrared transmittance of the Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O top cell was high enough that the Si bottom cell generated almost 80% of its maximum power output.
RANEY NICKEL AS HYDROGENATION CATALYST IN ACID SOLUTIONS. PREPARATION OF AMINO ALCOHOLS FROM MANNICH BASES (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRANEY NICKEL AS HYDROGENATION CATALYST IN ACID SOLUTIONS. PREPARATION OF AMINO ALCOHOLS FROM MANNICH BASESWILHELM WENNERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1950, 15, 2, 301–304Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01148a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01148a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views215Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Electrometry near a dielectric surface using Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (2011)

Electrometry near a dielectric surface is performed using Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency. The large polarizability of high-$n$-state Rydberg atoms gives this method extreme sensitivity. We show that dipoles produced by adsorbates on the dielectric surface produce a significant electric field that responds to an applied field with a time constant of order 1 s. For transient applied fields (with a time scale of less than 1 s) we observe good agreement with calculations based on numerical solutions of Laplace's equation using an effective dielectric constant to simulate the bulk dielectric.
Emotion recognition using a Cauchy Naive Bayes classifier (2003)

Recognizing human facial expression and emotion by computer is an interesting and challenging problem. In this paper we propose a method for recognizing emotions through facial expressions displayed in video sequences. We introduce the Cauchy Naive Bayes classifier which uses the Cauchy distribution as the model distribution, and provide a framework for choosing the best model distribution assumption. Our person-dependent and person-independent experiments show that the Cauchy distribution assumption typically provides better results than the Gaussian distribution assumption.
Phase I Trial of Irinotecan, Infusional 5-Fluorouracil, and Leucovorin (FOLFIRI) with Erlotinib (OSI-774) (2004)

FOLFIRI combined with erlotinib causes excessive toxicity at reduced doses. These findings contrast with available data regarding the optimal safety profile of trials combining small molecule epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors with other conventional chemotherapy and highlight the need to perform safety-oriented studies of such combinations.
[Comparative study of valproic acid and sodium valproate (author's transl)]. (1982)

The action of valproic acid prescribed instead of sodium valproate in strictly identical conditions was analysed in 11 epileptic children and 24 adults. No change in therapeutic effect was observed in a large proportion of cases. However, blood tests showed an increase in serum levels in most cases. Thus, valproic acid can be of help in cases hitherto treated with sodium valproate, on the same basis as diphenylhydantoin; the acid form sometimes offers an advantage over the use of the sodium salt.
The dissolution of novolak in aqueous alkali (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe dissolution of novolak in aqueous alkaliJian Ping Huang, T. K. Kwei, and Arnost ReiserCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 10, 4106–4112Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00200a051https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00200a051research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Insulin and progesterone activate a common synthetic ribosomal protein S6 peptide kinase in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes (1988)

A synthetic peptide Arg-Arg-Leu-Ser-Ser-Leu-Arg-Ala, the structure of which is based on that of a phosphorylated sequence in ribosomal protein S6, was employed as a probe for stimulated kinase activity in Xenopus laevis oocytes induced to mature with insulin or progesterone. Insulin elicited an early (20-30 min) 3-fold stimulation of S6 peptide phosphorylating activity that was not evident with progesterone. However, both hormones produced a delayed 7-12-fold stimulation of S6 peptide phosphorylating activity at the time of germinal vesicle breakdown. The results of DEAE-Sephacel, Sephacryl S-200, TSK-400, and heparin-Sepharose chromatographic fractionation experiments imply that a common S6 peptide kinase is activated as a consequence of short and long term insulin exposure, as well as in long term progesterone treatment of oocytes. Omission of potassium from the oocyte culture medium greatly facilitated insulin-induced meiotic maturation.
Imaging of cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) with In-111-T101 monoclonal antibody (1985)

T101 is a murine monoclonal antibody (MoAb), IgC2a, directed against a cell surface pan T-cell antigen present in high concentration in CTCL cells. In-111 labelling was performed with a modification of the Krejcarek method (Hybritech, Inc.). I mg of DTPA conjugated T101 was labeled with 5 mCi, with a mean incorporation of 95%. Immunoreactivity was preserved, mean 88%. In vivo, less than 3.6% of the injected dose was on circulating transferrin. 11 patients (pts) received 2-6h intravenous infusion of 1 mg (5 pts), 10 mg (3 pts), 50 mg (3 pts) of In-111 T101. By 24h all pts showed avid uptake in pathologically or clinically involved nodes and erythroderma including several previously unsuspected nodal regions. Skin plaques were not visualized. In addition, there was localization in liver, spleen and bone marrow. Concentration of In-111 in biopsied nodes was 0.01, 0.02 and 0.03% of the injected dose per gram. Control studies with In-111Cl/sub 3/ or a nonspecific MoAb, 9.2.27, did not concentrate in nodes or skin disease. No dose dependent differences in tumor localization was seen although blood clearance was prolonged for doses less than or equal to 10 mgs of T101. All pts receiving less than or equal to 10more » mgs developed transient itching, urticaria and chills. 1 of 8 pts tested had an antimouse immune response. Modulation of the antigen from circulating T-cells, skin and nodes was seen. This study shows the feasibility of imaging CTCL pts with In-111 T101 and suggest a potential for radioimmunotherapy.« less
Simple and efficient oracle-based consensus protocols for asynchronous Byzantine systems (2005)

This paper is on the consensus problem in asynchronous distributed systems where (up to f) processes (among n) can exhibit a Byzantine behavior, i.e., can deviate arbitrarily from their specification. One way to solve the consensus problem in such a context consists of enriching the system with additional oracles that are powerful enough to cope with the uncertainty and unpredictability created by the combined effect of Byzantine behavior and asynchrony. This paper presents two kinds of Byzantine asynchronous consensus protocols using two types of oracles, namely, a common coin that provides processes with random values and a failure detector oracle. Both allow the processes to decide in one communication step in favorable circumstances. The first is a randomized protocol for an oblivious scheduler model that assumes n > 6f. The second one is a failure detector-based protocol that assumes n > tif. These protocols are designed to be particularly simple and efficient in terms of communication steps, the number of messages they generate in each step, and the size of messages. So, although they are not optimal in the number of Byzantine processes that can be tolerated, they are particularly efficient when we consider the number of communication steps they require to decide and the number and size of the messages they use. In that sense, they are practically appealing.
Age-Associated Impairment in Brain MAPK Signal Pathways and the Effect of Caloric Restriction in Fischer 344 Rats (1999)

Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) play important roles in cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. Important functional roles for MAPKs in postmitotic cells have recently been suggested. In the present study, we investigated the effect of aging on the brain ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) and p38 MAPK signaling pathways of Fischer 344 rats. The results show that basal tyrosine-phosphorylated ERK1/ERK2 in cortex of 24-month-old rats was reduced by 36%-59%, compared to 6- and 12-month-old rats (p<.05, 24- vs. 12- or 6-month-old rats). Similarly, the phosphotransferase activities of ERK and p38 MAPK, measured by in vitro immunocomplex kinase assays using myelin basic protein (MBP) as substrate, were shown to be reduced approximately 50% and 59% respectively, in the cerebrocortex of 24-month-old rats (p<.01, 24- vs. 12- or 6-month-old rats). The reductions in basal ERK and p38 MAPK activities are not due to altered protein levels of these kinases as assessed by Western analysis. Immunohistochemically, no age-related differences in ERK expression and cellular distribution were observed However, cytosolic ERK tended to aggregate in brain neurons of aged rats. In contrast brain tyrosine-phosphorylated PLCgamma1 did not change with age. Activation of ERK in response to EGF or PMA was also reduced in cortical brain slices of 24-month-old rats. These results demonstrate an age-associated selective impairment in the MAPK signaling pathways. Moreover, lifelong caloric restriction completely prevented the age-related decrease in basal brain ERK activity and diminished the age-related reduction of p38 MAPK activity. Taken together, these data indicate that ERK and p38 MAPK signaling pathways are impaired in the aged brain and that lifelong caloric restriction modulates these defects in brain intracellular signaling pathways.
Analysis of Sheet Variations - Insights of Two-Dimensional Variations (2011)

The variations of sheet properties are often expressed as two-dimensional (2D) functions in both machine direction (MD) and cross-machine direction (CD). The traditional variance partition analysis (VPA) focuses on dividing the total variance into three components, MD, CD and Residual. Even though VPA has been widely used in the industry for many decades, it gives no clear insights about the characteristics of each component. This paper is intended to illustrate how to use power spectral analysis (PSA) and principal component analysis (PCA) to extract detectable patterns from a 2D sheet measurement. The extracted patterns can be associated to potential root causes in sheetmaking processes or used to improve the uniformity of sheet variations.
High density surface mounting power supply (2003)

The various stages in the design of a high-density surface-mounted power supply are described, including the development of the passive power components, power chip carrier package, and interconnection substrate. Emphasis is on the design and minimization of the power ceramic capacitor, quadrupole capacitor, and transformer components. The construction of a 16-60 V/5 V 20 A DC-DC converter using this technology has demonstrated that performance improvement and additional miniaturization requires the optimization of the pulse-width modulator of the power converter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pyeloureteral Motility and Ureteral Peristalsis: Essential Role of Sensory Nerves and Endogenous Prostaglandins (2002)

The cellular mechanisms that underlie the initiation and propagation of the peristaltic contractions, which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder for storage, remain little understood. Extracellular and intracellular microelectrode recordings have identified two populations of smooth muscle cells as well as a population of renal interstitial cells (RICs) that all display spontaneous electrical activity. By analogy with the heart it has been proposed that atypical smooth muscle cells, preferentially located in the very proximal regions of the renal pelvis, generate the essential pacemaker signal. These pacemaker potentials propagate to neighbouring typical smooth muscle cells or RICs to trigger action potential discharge. These action potentials then propagate distally to trigger other bundles of typical smooth muscle cells. The frequency of action potential discharge and contraction decreases as the relative number of RICs and atypical smooth muscle cells compared to typical smooth muscle cells decreases with distance from the renal fornix. It is clear that functional capsaicin-sensitive sensory afferents and the endogenous release of both tachykinins and prostaglandins are essential in the maintenance of normal peristalsis, as well as in monitoring and responding to any chemical or mechanical stimulation. However, the cellular mechanisms underlying the action of these endogenously-released agents remain to be elucidated.
Sequence analysis of the potent mitogenic toxin of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> (1990)

Pasteurella multocida toxin is a potent mitogen for cultured Swiss 3T3 cells where it causes an accumulation of inositol phosphates and activation of protein kinase C. The gene sequence described here coded for a 146 kDa protein. The ORF was preceded by a ribosome binding site and followed by a stem loop. There was no evidence for a signal sequence. The gene had a low G + C base ratio which differs from the rest of the Pasteurella genome. There was no significant homology with other known proteins, although a motif found in certain bacterial toxins which are ADP-ribosyl transferases is present. A recombinant expressing only part of the PMT gene was not mitogenic.
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of selected flavonols in Ginkgo biloba solid oral dosage forms. (2004)

A suitable method was developed to identify and quantitate five relevant flavonol marker compounds and was successfully used to assay some commercially available solid oral dosage forms of Ginkgo biloba .
岡山大学医学部附属病院三朝分院における妊婦水泳 第二報 妊婦水泳の適応とその実際 (1989)

第一報において，当科外来通院妊婦を対象とした妊婦水泳に関するアンケート調査の結果を報告1）したが，その結果にもとづき，1988年2月より妊婦水泳を開始し，11カ月を経過した。この間，初産婦および前回難産経験をもつ経産婦を主たる対象として，積極的に水泳を奨めた結果，18例の妊婦水泳を経験することができた。その結果，流早産例は1例もなく，児の予後も良好であり，妊婦管理の一環としての妊婦水泳の安全性と有用性が確認できたので，当科における妊婦水泳の現状とその適応につき報告する。
α, β, and wave-field statistics (2004)

Recent analysis of measurements made in the AET experiment, in which 75±15 Hz signals propagated a distance of 3.25 Mm in the eastern North Pacific Ocean, show that long-held assumptions and theoretical ideas about wave-field statistics at long range require significant revision. Progress towards developing a new theory is discussed in this talk. In contrast to the older theoretical ideas, the background sound-speed structure plays an active and critically important role in the new theory, while details of the perturbation field play only a minor role. The importance of the background sound-speed structure is quantified by the ray-based stability parameter α, or the asymptotically equivalent mode-based waveguide invariant β. [Work supported by ONR and NSF.]
Reform, research and 're-invention' (2015)

In a piece on ‘Reinventing policing’, Peter Neyroud observes how fundamental changes are currently re-shaping police organisations in many states across the globe: ‘States both old and new, across the developed and developing world, are undertaking police reforms to transform policing. Sometimes this is because the money has run out, sometimes because the government recognizes a need to rebuild the legitimacy of police forces…. This is both an age of “austerity” and reform’ (Neyroud, 2012: 315). These comments are an important reminder that developments in Scotland are part of a broader set of reforms to policing that are occurring internationally. In this final contribution we place the changes in Scotland in this broader context, underlining the differences in the trajectories of reform across the UK but also the underlying similarities in terms of the pressure to mobilize research evidence to demonstrate the efficiency, effectiveness and professionalism of policing. Taking up Neyroud’s theme of ‘reinventing policing’, we conclude with some observations on the opportunities for the ‘re-invention’ of Scottish policing.
Short term effects of ibuprofen in primary fibromyalgia syndrome: a double blind, placebo controlled trial. (1989)

Therapeutic effects of ibuprofen were evaluated in 46 patients with primary fibromyalgia syndrome in a double blind, placebo controlled study for 3 weeks and in an open trial for another 3 weeks. Several features of primary fibromyalgia syndrome, including number of pain sites, fatigue, swelling feeling, and tender points significantly improved over time in both groups. However, no significant differences were found between the ibuprofen and placebo groups. Improvements in fibromyalgia features might have occurred as a result of physician or study interactions (i.e., an intervention effect). An important observation in our blinded study was that tender point sites among patients with fibromyalgia were significantly (p less than 0.001) consistent at 3 as well as 6 weeks when compared with the baseline.