gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Self-Assembly of Vertically Aligned Nanorod Supercrystals Using Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (2007)

Supercrystallization of CdS nanorods (10 nm x 25 nm) into perpendicular superlattices was obtained by controlled evaporation of a nanorod solution trapped between a smooth substrate and a block of highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG). Hexagonal oriented domains 2 microm2 in size were routinely obtained on a variety of substrates without external electric fields.
Determination of stationary traveling waves on nonlinear transmission lines (2002)

The authors describe how stationary waves traveling on nonlinear transmission lines can be determined within the framework of the harmonic-balance approach. A particular property of the given formulation is that sparse matrix packages optimized for the solution of harmonic-balance Newton update equations are not disturbed. The method is demonstrated for an LC line which supports the propagation of solitons of a well-known, analytically given form.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhanced stabilisation of sewage sludge through thermal hydrolysis - three years of experience with full scale plant (2000)

The first full-scale plant for sludge disintegration through Cambi thermal hydrolysis was started up in Hamar, Norway at the end of 1995. It is the first plant with a new design where sludge is directly heated by live steam. During the last three years the plant worked with an availability of over 99%. Prior to hydrolysis the sludge is dewatered and the digester is fed with 10-12% DS, saving more than 50% of digester volume compared with a conventional process. The degree of stabilization is around 60% measured as rate COD-conversion into biogas. The stabilised sludge, which is guaranteed free of pathogens, is an attractive product to agriculture and has a high fertilizing effect.
Automatic Keyword Extraction from Documents Using Conditional Random Fields (2008)

Keywords are subset of words or phrases from a document that can describe the meaning of the document. Many text\nmining applications can take advantage from it. Unfortunately, a large portion of documents still do not have keywords assigned. On the other hand, manual assignment of high quality keywords is expensive, time-consuming, and error prone. Therefore, most algorithms and systems aimed to help people perform automatic keywords extraction have been proposed. Conditional Random Fields (CRF) model is a state-of-the-art sequence labeling method, which can use the features of documents more sufficiently and effectively. At the same time, keywords extraction can be considered as the string labeling. In this paper, keywords extraction based on CRF is proposed and implemented. As far as we know, using CRF model in keyword extraction has not been investigated previously. Experimental results show that the CRF model outperforms other machine learning methods such as support vector machine, multiple linear regression model etc. in the\ntask of keywords extraction.
Immersive Interfaces for Engagement and Learning (2009)

Immersion is the subjective impression that one is participating in a comprehensive, realistic experience. Interactive media now enable various degrees of digital immersion. The more a virtual immersive experience is based on design strategies that combine actional, symbolic, and sensory factors, the greater the participant's suspension of disbelief that she or he is "inside" a digitally enhanced setting. Studies have shown that immersion in a digital environment can enhance education in at least three ways: by allowing multiple perspectives, situated learning, and transfer. Further studies are needed on the capabilities of immersive media for learning, on the instructional designs best suited to each type of immersive medium, and on the learning strengths and preferences these media develop in users.
Computational Macrocyclization: From de novo Macrocycle Generation to Binding Affinity Estimation (2017)

Macrocycles play an increasing role in drug discovery, but their synthesis is often demanding. Computational tools that suggest macrocyclization based on a known binding mode and that estimate the binding affinity of these macrocycles could have a substantial impact on the medicinal chemistry design process. For both tasks, we established a workflow with high practical value. For five diverse pharmaceutical targets we show that the effect of macrocyclization on binding can be calculated robustly and accurately. Applying this method to macrocycles designed by LigMac, a search tool for de novo macrocyclization, our results suggest that we have a robust protocol in hand to design macrocycles and prioritize them prior to synthesis.
Induction of Endometriosis and Adenomyosis by Transvaginal Pituitary Transplantation in Mice with and without Natural Killer Cell Activity (1998)

These findings indicate that transvaginal pituitary transplantation specifically induces cysts, adhesion, and adenomyosis. Reduced NK-cell activities may not be necessary in the primary development of endometriosis and adenomyosis.
A ideia de Europa em Hegel (2009)

A filosofia da história e a tradução conceitual da realidade vão encontrar na obra de Hegel um grau de refinamento e complexidade poucas vezes vistos na história do pensamento, o texto que ora se apresenta busca mapear como o filosofar histórico encontra-se e conflui na própria auto-compreensão da Europa em geral, o berço do ocidente e da filosofia, e na filosofia de Hegel em particular, de modo a tematizar como a própria filosofia hegeliana se apresenta como a consciência crítica da Europa em sua totalidade.
Minutiae-based partial fingerprint recognition (2005)

Although fingerprint matching based on minutia features is a well researched problem in the field of automatic fingerprint recognition, it is still an unsolved problem presenting many research challenges. Many algorithms have been proposed to match a pair of minutia templates of fingerprints. Most of these algorithms assume that the two templates are approximately of the same size. This assumption is no longer valid. The need for recognition of partial fingerprints is increasing in both forensic and civilian applications. In forensics, latent fingerprints lifted from crime scenes are often noisy and broken, thus the usable portions are small and partial. In civilian applications, the invention of small hand-held devices, such as mobile phones, PDAs, and miniaturized fingerprint sensors present considerable demands on partial fingerprints processing. Miniaturization of fingerprint sensors has led to small sensing areas varying from 1.0x1.0 to 0.42x0.42. However, fingerprint scanners with a sensing area smaller than 1.0x1.0, which is considered to be the average fingerprint size (as required by FBI specifications), can only capture partial fingerprints. 
Matching partial fingerprints against full pre-enrolled images in the database presents several problems: (i) the number of minutia points available in such partial fingerprints is few, thus reducing its discriminating power; (ii) loss of singular points (core and delta) is likely and therefore, a robust algorithm independent of these singularities is required; (iii) uncontrolled impression environments result in unspecified orientations of partial fingerprints; and (iv) the skin elasticity and humidity can cause distortions which increase the ambiguity between genuine and imposter samples. 
Generally, a fingerprint based biometrics system is considered as highly secure, and is equivalent to a long password system. However, with the decreasing number of features on a small fingerprint and the non-exact matching nature, the security strength of a partial fingerprint recognition reduces. The relation between the acquired fingerprint size and the security strength plays a key role in designing a fingerprint recognition system and is needed to be studied. 
In this dissertation, we present: (i) two novel minutiae based fingerprint matching methods to overcome the challenges encountered by partial fingerprint recognition and (ii) a study of the security vulnerability of partial fingerprint recognition systems.
Culture method for the induction of neurospheres from mouse embryonic stem cells by coculture with PA6 stromal cells (2005)

Embryonic stem (ES) cells proliferate and maintain their pluripotency for over 1 year in vitro and may therefore provide a sufficient source for cell therapies. However, most of the previously reported methods for obtaining a source for cell therapies have not been simple. We describe here a novel method for induction of neurospheres from mouse ES cells by coculturing on PA6 cells instead of the formation of embryoid bodies. The ES cells cocultured with the PA6 stromal cell line for at least 3 days were capable of differentiating into spheres. The cells in the spheres were all green fluorescent protein (GFP) positive, showing that they were derived from GFP-expressing D3-ES cells. The spheres contained nestin-positive cells. The number of spheres increased when they were cocultured with PA6 for a longer period. Sphere formation was observed even after 10 mechanical dissociations and subculturings, showing its self-renewal ability. The cells differentiated into microtubule-associated protein-2 (MAP2)-positive neuronal cells and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive glial cells. gamma-Aminobutyric acid-positive cells and tyrosine hydroxylase-positive cells were also observed in the spheres. The percentages of the MAP2- or GFAP-positive cells in the sphere changed according to the period of coculture on PA6 cells. At an early stage of coculture, more neurons were generated and, at a later period, more glial cells were generated. These results suggested that neurosphere could be generated from ES cells by coculturing with PA6, and that these cells resembled neural stem cells derived from mouse fetal brain tissue.
Single-Shot Measurement of Triplet-Singlet Relaxation in a<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>Si</mml:mi><mml:mo>/</mml:mo><mml:mi>SiGe</mml:mi></mml:math>Double Quantum Dot (2012)

We investigate the lifetime of two-electron spin states in a few-electron Si/SiGe double dot. At the transition between the (1,1) and (0,2) charge occupations, Pauli spin blockade provides a readout mechanism for the spin state. We use the statistics of repeated single-shot measurements to extract the lifetimes of multiple states simultaneously. When the magnetic field is zero, we find that all three triplet states have equal lifetimes, as expected, and this time is ~10 ms. When the field is nonzero, the T(0) lifetime is unchanged, whereas the T- lifetime increases monotonically with the field, reaching 3 sec at 1 T.
von Willebrand protein facilitates platelet incorporation in polymerizing fibrin. (1986)

von Willebrand protein was found to promote the incorporation of platelets into evolving fibrin thrombi. Using formalin-treated or fresh platelets, both the initial rate and extent of platelet incorporation into polymerizing fibrin were dependent on von Willebrand protein. von Willebrand protein was incorporated into evolving fibrin thrombi in parallel with platelets. Soluble fibrin monomer covalently linked to acrylonitrile beads (Matrex 102) bound von Willebrand protein specifically and saturably with an apparent approximate dissociation constant (KD) of 15 gg/ml. Glycocalicin, the water-soluble proteolytic fragment of glycoprotein Ib, bound to fibrin monomer in this system specif- ically and saturably, as well, with an apparent approximate KD of 5 gg/ml, but only in the presence of saturating concentrations of von Willebrand protein. These data demonstrate that (a) the initial rate and extent of platelet incorporation into evolving fibrin thrombi are dependent on von Willebrand protein; (b) von Wil- lebrand protein serves as a link between polymerizing fibrin and platelet surface glycoprotein Ib; and (c) von Willebrand protein binds to fibrin monomer and is thereby able to bind to platelet surface glycoprotein lb in the absence of ristocetin.
Atomic layer deposited Al2O3 passivation of type II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodetectors (2012)

Taking advantage of the favorable Gibbs free energies, atomic layer deposited (ALD) aluminum oxide (Al2O3) was used as a novel approach for passivation of type II InAs/GaSb superlattice (SL) midwave infrared (MWIR) single pixel photodetectors in a self cleaning process (λcut-off ∼ 5.1 μm). Al2O3 passivated and unpassivated diodes were compared for their electrical and optical performances. For passivated diodes, the dark current density was improved by an order of magnitude at 77 K. The zero bias responsivity and detectivity was 1.33 A/W and 1.9 × 1013 Jones, respectively at 4 μm and 77 K. Quantum efficiency (QE) was determined as %41 for these detectors. This conformal passivation technique is promising for focal plane array (FPA) applications.
Origin of oriented crystal growth of radiantly melted silicon on SiO2 (1984)

We demonstrate directly that {100} texturing of lamellae in radiantly melted silicon on SiO2 derives from precursor seeds in the as-deposited solid film. The anisotropic interfacial free energy between crystalline silicon and SiO2 controls the orientation.
Concurrent planning and execution for a walking robot (2002)

As part of the planetary Rover project at Carnegie Mellon University, a system that autonomously navigates a legged robot through complex obstacle courses has been developed. The system is integrated using the task control architecture (TCA), which provides communication and coordination facilities. The walking system, as originally implemented, had a sequential sense-plan-act control cycle. Utilizing TCA features for task sequencing and monitoring, the system was modified to concurrently plan and execute steps. Overall walking speed increased significantly, with only a relatively modest conversion effort.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
StarTube: A Tube with Reduced Contact Line for Minimized Gas Bubble Resistance (2008)

In this work we introduce a novel tubing design for multiphase flow that minimizes gas bubble resistance. The design termed "StarTube" has a lamella-like wall structure and was developed to prevent clogging by gas bubbles. This is performed by forcing gas bubbles into the center of the tube by capillary forces, allowing liquid to bypass in the outer grooves. It was found that the mobility of gas bubbles in such a tube is increased more than 1 order of magnitude. The reason is that the contact line perpendicular to the direction of flow is minimized, reducing resistant effects related to the contact line-in particular, contact angle hysteresis.
OFDM-UWB Physical Layer Emulation for Event-Based MAC Simulation (2006)

Simulation is one possibility to assess the performance of new medium access protocols for wireless communications. While the new algorithms are usually implemented in a very realistic way, the physical layer is emulated as a simple model. Often, this simplification is invalid in complex scenarios, where interference and non line of sight conditions degrade the signal quality. A complete physical layer implementation including the error correction, modulation, channel equalization and different channel pulse responses is not feasible in a layer two simulator. Hence, its characteristic is mapped onto a computational efficient stochastical model. The presented method differs from other error models in the way it is enriched with data to compute the packet error rates: The physical layer under examination, the WiMedia OFDM ultra wideband physical layer, is simulated in a detailed physical simulator and the error rates are derived then using an error analysis
Feasibility Study of a Novel Integrated Electric Motor/Pump for Underwater Applications (1996)

ABSTRACT This paper presents the results of a feasibility study of a novel electric motor/pump system that combines an axial field, permanent magnet motor with a centrifugal pump. This system, unique because the motor permanent magnet (PM) rotor and pump impeller vanes are a single unit, provides a compact, reliable, low‐noise, and high‐power‐density electrically driven centrifugal pump suitable for underwater applications in which minimizing noise, vibration, and volume are major design objectives. Performance tradeoffs for the electromagnetic analysis were made by two‐ and three‐dimensional finite element analysis (FEA) models in conjunction with a lumped parameter magnetic circuit model. The study results reveal that theoretically the new integrated electric motor/pump concept (1) provides up to seventy‐three percent electromagnetic efficiency with a significantly reduced volume and weight and (2) substantially increases the power density and reliability with the potential for quiet and high performance. This study is also evidence that new concepts can be explored with expanded computer modeling and simulation techniques.
Herpes simplex virus infections of the eye and their management with acyclovir (1983)

Herpetic keratitis remains a prominent cause of recurrent or chronic and blinding corneal disease; areas of particular difficulty are indolent ulceration, herpetic keratouveitis, keratoplasty and problems associated with steroid therapy. Topical acyclovir has been widely demonstrated to be a safe and effective antiviral for ulcerative herpetic keratitis; furthermore its particular advantages of high efficacy, minimal toxicity and good ocular penetration, suggest that it should be the treatment of choice for patients within these other areas of particular difficulty.
Chronic kidney disease after liver, cardiac, lung, heart–lung, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (2008)

Patient survival after cardiac, liver, and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) is improving; however, this survival is limited by substantial pretransplant and treatment-related toxicities. A major cause of morbidity and mortality after transplant is chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although the majority of CKD after transplant is attributed to the use of calcineurin inhibitors, various other conditions such as thrombotic microangiopathy, nephrotic syndrome, and focal segmental glomerulosclerosis have been described. Though the immunosuppression used for each of the transplant types, cardiac, liver and HSCT is similar, the risk factors for developing CKD and the CKD severity described in patients after transplant vary. As the indications for transplant and the long-term survival improves for these children, so will the burden of CKD. Nephrologists should be involved early in the pretransplant workup of these patients. Transplant physicians and nephrologists will need to work together to identify those patients at risk of developing CKD early to prevent its development and progression to end-stage renal disease.
Detection of Trace Hg<sup>2+</sup> via Induced Circular Dichroism of DNA Wrapped Around Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2008)

The strongly induced circular dichroism (ICD) signals of DNA wrapped around single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are shown by the Synchrotron Radiation Facility. In solution, trace amounts of Hg ions have a strong affinity to bind the nucleic bases of DNA-SWCNTs via a pseudo-first-order kinetic reaction. The Hg binding to the bases of DNA results in partial DNA disassociation from the SWCNTs. Such disassociation of DNA from the SWCNTs will decrease the coupling effects of the transition dipole moments between DNA and SWCNTs, thus inducing the ICD signal of DNA-SWCNTs to decrease significantly. Herein, the ICD of DNA-SWCNTs is applied to detect the concentration of Hg ions at nM level.
Acute Hypoxia Tolerance of the Chick (1969)

THE resistance of neonatal mammals to hypoxia is well known (Britton and Kline, 1945; Chiodi, 1963; Van Liere and Stickney, 1963; Fazekas et al., 1941). This tolerance decreases in all mammals until within a few days or weeks they are as susceptible as adults. The hypoxic tolerance of the newly hatched chick, however, has never been determined. Several investigations, however, have found that newly hatched chicks are not completely homeothermic until they are several days old (Romanoff, 1941; Randall, 1943; King, 1956; Lamoreux and Hutt, 1939; Deaton and Reece, 1968; Klieber and Winchester, 1933; Klieber, 1938). Since it is well known that poikiliothermic animals are very tolerant to hypoxia (Hock, 1964), it would be anticipated that newly hatched chicks would be very tolerant to reduction in environmental oxygen. METHODS Single Comb White Leghorn chicks, 0 to 31 days of age were exposed in groups of 10 to acute hypoxia in…
Preparation, evaluation, and comparison of wide bore (320 μm) and narrow bore (50 μm) cyanosilicone‐coated capillary columns for gas chromatography (1986)

Abstract The preparation of wide bore (320 μm) and narrow bore (50 μm) fused silica capillary columns is described for immobilized cyanopropyl substituted silicones containing 60 and 88% substitution. The effect of high temperature deactivation with cyanopropylcyclosiloxanes was studied with a special test mixture. Curing was achieved with dicumyl peroxide or azo‐ tert ‐butane. The columns were evaluated and compared in terms of efficiency, activity, polarity, and temperature stability. Different coating methods were compared for the narrow bore columns. The activity of the 60% cyanopropyl columns that had been immobilized with dicumyl peroxide was significantly larger than for azo‐ tert ‐butane immobilized columns. The polarity of polar columns appeared to depend greatly on column temperature and is completely different for wide and narrow bore columns.
SCTP: state of the art in research, products, and technical challenges (2004)

The stream control transmission protocol (STCP) is being standardized by the IEFT as a reliable transport protocol to transport SS7signaling messages over IP networks. Due to its attractive features such as multistreaming and multihoming, SCTP has received much attention from the network community, in terms of both research and development. This article introduces the main features of SCTP, and discusses the state of the art in SCTP research and development activities. We also provide a survey of the available products that use SCTP. Finally with a view to stimulating further research in this area, the challenges faced by the SCTP research community are identified.
${\rm In}_{0.53}{\rm Ga}_{0.47}{\rm As}/{\rm GaAs}_{0.5}{\rm Sb}_{0.5}$ Quantum-Well Tunnel-FETs With Tunable Backward Diode Characteristics (2013)

Vertical quantum-well (QW) tunnel-FETs are fabricated based on an ultrathin In <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.53</sub> Ga <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.47</sub> As/GaAs <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.5</sub> staggered gap (type-II) heterostructure lattice matched to InP. Area-dependent QW-to-QW tunneling current is demonstrated. Devices with HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> high- k gate dielectric (EOT ~ 1.3 nm) exhibit minimum subthreshold swings of 140 mV/decade at 300 K, with an ON-current density of 0.5 μA/μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at VDD=0.5 V. Sharp negative differential resistance is observed in the output characteristics. For the first time, gate-tunable backward diode characteristics are demonstrated in this material system, with peak curvature coefficient of 30 V <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> near VDS=0 V. These results show the potential of vertical TFETs in hybrid IC applications.