gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High‑dose TGF‑β1 degrades human nucleus pulposus cells via ALK1‑Smad1/5/8 activation (2020)

Transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) can promote the proliferation and differentiation of intervertebral disc cells and participates in its repair process. However, whether TGF-β1 engages in the process of disc degeneration has not yet been fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the function of high-dose TGF-β1 on the metabolism of nucleus pulposus cells (NPCs). TGF-β1 levels in human degenerative intervertebral disc tissues and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-induced degenerative NPCs were analyzed. Furthermore, NPCs were treated with TGF-β1 and inhibitors of TGF-β1 receptors [ALK tyrosine kinase receptor (ALK) 1 and ALK5] to determine the effect of the receptors in the mediation of NPC degeneration. The NPC state was determined by the components of secretory collagen I/II, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-3 (TIMP-3) and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13. The mRNA expression of Smad1/2/3/5/8, the downstream gene of TGF-β1 mediated by ALK, was also measured. Results showed that TGF-β1 and ALK1 were positively associated with the degree of degeneration of NP or NPCs <i>in vitro</i>, but negatively associated with ALK5. Furthermore, high-doses of TGF-β1 suppressed collagen II, but enhanced collagen I, TIMP-3, MMP-13, ALK1/5 and Smad1/2/3/5/8 expression. ALK5 inhibition induced the suppression of Smad2/3 and aggravated high-dose TGF-β1-induced NPC degeneration, as shown by the reduction in collagen II and increase in collagen I, TIMP-3 and MMP-13. By contrast, ALK1 inhibition resulted in Smad1/5/8 suppression and alleviated high-dose TGF-β1-induced NPC degeneration. Taken together, it was concluded that high-doses of TGF-β1 contributed to the degeneration of NPCs via the upregulation of ALK1 and Smad1/5/8.
Genetic characterization and phylogeography of the wild boar Sus scrofa introduced into Uruguay (2011)

The European wild boar Sus scrofa was first introduced into Uruguay, in southern South America during the early decades of the last century. Subsequently, and starting from founder populations, its range spread throughout the country and into the neighbouring Brazilian state Rio Grande do Sul. Due to the subsequent negative impact, it was officially declared a national pest. The main aim in the present study was to provide a more comprehensive scenario of wild boar differentiation in Uruguay, by using mtDNA markers to access the genetic characterization of populations at present undergoing rapid expansion. A high level of haplotype diversity, intermediate levels of nucleotide diversity and considerable population differentiation, were detected among sampled localities throughout major watercourses and catchment dams countrywide. Phylogenetic analysis revealed the existence of two different phylogroups, thereby reflecting two deliberate introduction events forming distantly genetic lineages in local wild boar populations. Our analysis lends support to the hypothesis that the invasive potential of populations emerge from introgressive hybridization with domestic pigs. On taking into account the appreciable differentiation and reduced migration between locales in wild boar populations, management strategies could be effective if each population were to be considered as a single management unit.
A Design of a Molecular Communication System for Nanomachines Using Molecular Motors (2006)

Molecular communication is one solution for nano-scale communication between nanomachines. Nanomachines (e.g., biological molecules, artificial devices) represent small devices or components that perform computation, sensing, or actuation. Molecular communication provides a mechanism for one nanomachine to encode or decode information into molecules and to send information to another nanomachine. This paper describes a molecular motor communication system in terms of a high level architecture for molecular communication. We also briefly discuss current and future work in molecular communication.
Involvement of histamine in growth of mouse and rat tumors: antitumoral properties of monofluoromethylhistidine, an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of histidine decarboxylase. (1984)

The present study suggests that newly synthesized histamine is involved in the development of some animal tumors (e.g., Lewis lung carcinoma in mice and Morris hepatoma in rats). A marked induction of histidine decarboxylase (HDC) and an increase in the histamine concentration were observed in the tumors approximately 1 week after inoculation, and there were parallel increases in ornithine decarboxylase activity and the concentrations of polyamines. The H2 receptor antagonist, cimetidine, significantly reduced tumor growth in the animal models while the H1 receptor antagonist, dexchlorpheniramine, had no effect, suggesting that histamine could act via H2 receptor sites. Extensive depletion of tumor histamine induced by local injection of Compound 48/80 did not result in a significant cytostatic effect. Monofluoromethylhistidine (MFMH), an enzyme-activated irreversible inhibitor of HDC, retarded the growth of hepatoma tissue culture cells grown in culture, and when infused s.c. at 60 mg/kg/day it greatly inhibited the development of tumors induced i.m. by hepatoma tissue culture cells in Buffalo rats. MFMH also had pronounced antitumoral effects on EMT6 sarcomas and Lewis lung carcinomas in mice, which were associated with inhibition of HDC and depletion of the histamine content of the tumors. These cytostatic effects were clearly enhanced when MFMH was combined in therapy with the specific ornithine decarboxylase inhibitor, DL-alpha-difluoromethylornithine. The antitumoral effects of the combination were associated with marked decreases in the tumor histamine and putrescine contents. It is proposed that nascent histamine, like newly synthesized putrescine and spermidine, plays a role in the rapid proliferation of animal tumors. Inhibition of HDC by essentially nontoxic drugs such as MFMH could represent a novel approach to the control of neoplastic growth.
Adding structured data in unstructured web chat conversation (2012)

Web chat is becoming the primary customer contact channel in customer relationship management (CRM), and Question/Answer/Lookup (QAL) is the dominant communication pattern in CRM agent-to-customer chat. Text-based web chat for QAL has two main usability problems. Chat transcripts between agents and customers are not tightly integrated into agent-side applications, requiring customer service agents to re-enter customer typed data. Also, sensitive information posted in chat sessions in plain text raises security concerns. The addition of web form widgets to web chat not only solves both of these problems but also adds new usability benefits to QAL. Forms can be defined beforehand or, more flexibly, dynamically composed. Two preliminary user studies were conducted. An agent-side study showed that adding inline forms to web chat decreased overall QAL completion time by 47 percent and increased QAL accuracy by removing all potential human errors. A customer-side study showed that web chat with inline forms is intuitive to customers.
Graphene based gas sensors : Fabrication, characterization, and study of gas molecules detection mechanism (2015)

Ce travail nous a permis de realiser une etude de capteurs de gaz et d’humidite a base de graphene. Cette etude pourrait etre utile non seulement pour ameliorer les performances des capteurs a base de graphene mais aussi pour mieux comprendre l’interaction entre le graphene et les molecules de gaz. Ceci semble indispensable pour faire avancer les applications du graphene comme un materiau prometteur pour la detection des gaz. Des avancees significatives ont ete presentees au niveau de la fabrication de ces capteurs, leurs differentes caracterisations electriques ainsi que d’autres techniques employees pour analyser le mecanisme controlant la detection des molecules de gaz/vapeur. Ces outils ont ete mis en place pour concevoir et fabriquer plusieurs structures de capteur en utilisant differents substrats support du graphene d’une part et en modifiant les proprietes du graphene par utilisation des produits chimiques d’autres part. La caracterisation de ces capteurs sous differents environnements a permis de comparer les differentes reponses des capteurs et d’en tirer plusieurs conclusions sur le fonctionnement de ces dispositifs. En effet, le Mica, un substrat lisse et transparent, a ete utilise comme substrat pour le graphene. Le dopage induit par le mica a ete etudie ainsi que son impact sur la sensibilite du graphene au gaz d’ammoniac. Ceci a permis de mettre en evidence le fait que le substrat joue un role important pour la detection de l’ammoniac. De plus, ces capteurs fabriques sur mica et SiO2 ont ete testes sous differentes conditions de temperatures et d’oxygene. Dans une autre approche, un polymere a ete utilise pour doper le graphene. Une etude detaillee a ete menee pour analyser le comportement de ce graphene fonctionnalise par rapport aux molecules d’eau. Ces nouveaux resultats experimentaux obtenus pendant cette these constituent un bon support a plusieurs resultats theoriques etablis et permettent d’optimiser la conception des capteurs de gaz a base de graphene pour des meilleures performances.
Stimulation of colorectal cancer cell line growth by ET-1 and its inhibition by ET <sub>A</sub> antagonists (2000)

BACKGROUND The vasoactive peptide endothelin 1 (ET-1) acts via two receptors, endothelin receptors A (ET A ) and B (ET B ). ET-1 is overexpressed by human cancers in vivo and in vitro and may be mitogenic for cancer cells. METHOD To elucidate if ET-1 is a growth regulator the following were investigated in human colorectal cancer cell lines (LIM1215 and HT29): ET-1 production by ELISA; ET receptor expression using radioligand autoradiographic techniques; and responsiveness to ET-1, and to ET A and ET B antagonism by growth measurements. RESULTS ET-1 was produced by LIM1215 and HT29 cells (21.3 and 41.7 fmol/ml/10 6 cells (24 hours); 22.6 and 71.7 fmol/ml/10 6 cells (48 hours), respectively). ET A and ET B receptors were expressed by both cell lines. Addition of ET-1 resulted in a dose dependent increase in cell numbers which was significant at 10 −8 –10 −9 M for LIM1215, with the greatest increase at 10 −8 M (32.7% and 28.4% increase above controls at 48 hours and 72 hours; p<0.05) and at 10 −8 –10 −9 M for HT29, with the greatest increase at 10 −9 M (13.4% and 15.7% increase above controls at 48 hours and 72 hours; p<0.05). ET A antagonists BQ123 and BQ610, but not the ET B antagonist BQ788, inhibited ET-1 induced proliferation of both LIM1215 and HT29 (p<0.05). CONCLUSION ET-1 can stimulate the proliferation of colorectal cancer cell lines via the ET A , but not the ET B , receptor.
Semitransparent organic solar cells with organic wavelength dependent reflectors (2011)

Semitransparent organic solar cells employing solution-processable organic wavelength dependent reflectors of chiral nematic (cholesteric) liquid crystals are demonstrated. The cholesteric liquid crystal (CLC) reflects only in a narrow band of the solar spectrum and remains transparent for the remaining wavelengths. The reflective band is matched to the absorption spectrum of the organic solar cell such that only unabsorbed photons that can contribute to the photocurrent are reflected to pass through the active layer a second time. In this way, the efficiency of semitransparent organic solar cells can be enhanced without significant transparency losses. An efficiency increase of 6% was observed when a CLC reflector with a reflection band of 540–620 nm was used, whereas the transparency of the organic solar cells is only suppressed in the 80 nm narrow bandwidth.
Cobalt bis(dicarbollide) ions with covalently bonded CMPO groups as selective extraction agents for lanthanide and actinide cations from highly acidic nuclear waste solutions (2002)

A new series of boron substituted cobalt bis(dicarbollide)(1−) ion (1) derivatives of the general formula [(8-CMPO-(CH2-CH2O)2-1,2-C2B9H10)(1′,2′-C2B9H11)-3,3′-Co]− (CMPO = Ph2P(O)-CH2C(O)NR, R = C4H9 (3b), -C12H25 (4b), -CH2-C6H5 (5b)) was prepared by ring cleavage of the 8-dioxane-cobalt bis(dicarbollide) (2) bi-polar compound by the respective primary amines and by subsequent reaction of the resulting amino derivatives (3a–5a) with the nitrophenyl ester of diphenylphosphorylacetic acid. The compounds were synthesized with the aim to develop a new class of more efficient extraction agents for liquid–liquid extraction of polyvalent cations, i.e. lanthanides and actinides, from high-level activity nuclear waste. All compounds were characterized by a combination of 11B NMR, 1H high field NMR, Mass Spectrometry with Electrospray and MALDI TOF ionisation, HPLC and other techniques. The molecular structure of the supramolecular Ln3+ complex of the anion 5b was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Crystallographic results proved that the Ln(III) atom is bonded to three functionalised cobalt bis(dicarbollide) anions in a charge compensated complex. The cation is tightly coordinated by six oxygen atoms of the CMPO terminal groups (two of each ligand) and by three water molecules completing the metal coordination number to 9. Atoms occupying the primary coordination sphere form a tri-capped trigonal prismatic arrangement. Very high liquid–liquid extraction efficiency of all anionic species was observed. Moreover, less polar toluene can be applied as an auxiliary solvent replacing the less environmentally friendly nitro- and chlorinated solvents used in the current dicarbollide liquid–liquid extraction process. The extraction coefficients are sufficiently high for possible technological applications.
Solving the Cross-Domain Conundrum (2013)

Abstract : Commanders have operated in multiple security domains since the advent of national security classification structures and command and control systems. Planning, execution, and control in JIIM environments demands the movement of information between the security domains of all participants. Cross-domain solutions facilitate the necessary transfers, but only for systems designed to operate at multiple security levels or with multilevel security. Cross-domain solutions are also constrained by cost and security policies. Interoperability certification processes in the DOD components must require explicit identification of cross-domain requirements so the necessary resource flows are incorporated into system design. Multiple security level systems should expand their functions to provide cross-domain capability to commanders until multilevel security solutions become more prevalent and less costly. Capability developers should incorporate enterprise cross-domain services into objective architectures, in anticipation of DISA and DODIIS provisioning. Research and development efforts beyond the 2013 Future Years Defense Program should focus on domain convergence.
High-density digital magnetic recording using the [5,6] alternating disparity block code (1978)

An examination of reproduced waveforms indicates that the [5,6] code is not pattern sensitive.
Risk-Adjusted Indices for Measuring the Quality of Inpatient Care (2010)

This article describes a risk-adjustment method for profiling hospitals and physicians on key measures of clinical quality using readily available administrative data. By comparing actual and expected rates of mortality, complications, readmissions, and patient safety events, this method enables providers to identify both favorable and adverse outcomes performance.
Inertial cavitation at the nanoscale (2013)

Our group has recently developed novel nano-sized drug carriers that spatially target a tumor and release their payload in the presence of ultrasound-induced inertial cavitation. To maximize drug release and distribution within the tumor, co-localization of the drug carrier and cavitation nuclei is necessary. We have recently demonstrated that rough-patterned silica nanoparticles can reduce inertial cavitation thresholds to clinically relevant levels, and will extravasate in tumors alongside the liposomes by virtue of their size. We now report on the underlying mechanisms that these nanoparticles, which are orders of magnitude smaller than the acoustic wavelength, can instigate inertial cavitation. The rough surface of the nanoparticle is modelled as a plane with a crevasse that traps a nanobubble. Using this model, we predict the motion of a gas bubble as it emerges from the cavity in response to the compressional and rarefactional ultrasonic pressures. We show that cavitation occurs when the nanobubble breaks free from the surface, growing unstably before collapsing during the compressional half cycle of the acoustic wave. Calculations show that a nanoscaled cavity greatly reduces the cavitation threshold across all frequencies and geometries studied. In addition, cavitation thresholds nonlinearly decrease with increasing cavity size.
Las familias disfuncionales como factor de riesgo adictivo en la adolescencia (2016)

espanolLas adicciones se enmarcan como unos de los problemas de mayor envergadura en la actualidad. El consumo de drogas tanto legales como ilegales, por lo general se inicia durante la adolescencia. Un conjunto de caracteristicas y condiciones en el seno familiar asi lo demuestran. Debido a esto se hace imprescindible aminorar y controlar los factores que ponen en riesgo la salud y bienestar de los adolescentes y a la vez que favorecen el comienzo en estas practicas nocivas. El objetivo del presente articulo es demostrar como las familias disfuncionales se constituyen como la principal fuente de factores de riesgo adictivo en esta etapa. EnglishAddictions are framed as one of the larger problems of today. The use of legal and illegal drugs usually starts during adolescence. A set of characteristics and conditions in the family prove it. Because of this, it is essential to reduce and control the factors that cause danger to the health and wellbeing of young people while favoring the beginning in such harmful practices. The aim of this paper is to demonstrate how dysfunctional families are the main source of addictive risk factors at this stage.
Inflammatory Biomarkers in Heart Failure (2006)

Multiple lines of evidence support the "cytokine hypothesis," which suggests that inflammation plays an important role in the development and progression of heart failure. Circulating markers of inflammation, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin 6, and C-reactive protein, may be useful in establishing the diagnosis, gauging prognosis, and evaluating the response to therapy in patients with heart failure. In addition to their potential as heart failure biomarkers, inflammatory cytokines have been investigated as targets of heart failure therapy. Although results for therapies directed against specific cytokines (such as tumor necrosis factor alpha) have thus far been disappointing, multiple studies continue to address the therapeutic potential of modulating the immune response in heart failure. In this review, the authors analyze available data supporting the use of inflammatory markers both as biomarkers and as potential therapeutic targets.
Cholesterol absorption inhibition: filling an unmet need in lipid-lowering management (2001)

International guidelines specify target concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to reduce the risk of coronary heart disease. Although statins are the most widely prescribed cholesterol-lowering drugs, they have a number of limitations. A significant number of statin-treated patients do not reach recommended LDL-C target levels, even with high-dose therapy. Each doubling of the statin dose results in only a 6% reduction in LDL-C. Elevation of liver transaminase levels and muscle toxicity have been associated with high statin doses. Currently available agents that are co-administered with statins are not well tolerated due to gastrointestinal intolerance or are associated with an increased risk of myopathy. The limitations of statin monotherapy and currently available combination therapy warrant the need for more safe, effective and convenient approaches to combination therapy. Co-administration of statins and cholesterol absorption inhibitors may overcome some of these limitations and effectively target both the endogenous and exogenous pathways of cholesterol metabolism. Ezetimibe, a novel selective cholesterol absorption inhibitor, has demonstrated an excellent safety and tolerability profile and a LDL-C-lowering effect that is additive with statins. Co-administration of ezetimibe and a statin may therefore fill an unmet need in lipid-lowering management and provide broader lipid control.
Two-level fuzzy evaluation for classification of credits (2002)

In this paper, classification models are used as tools to make final decision. Fuzzy method provides the mathematical tools for quantitative analysis and dealing with ambiguous concepts. Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to obtain the weight of each index and enables examiners to visualize the decision process and obtain more reasonable evaluation values to solve some problems. An example is given at the end of this paper.
Highly efficient, low-cost femtosecond Cr^3+:LiCAF laser pumped by single-mode diodes (2008)

We describe efficient continuous-wave (cw) and cw mode-locked operations of a Cr3+ :LiCAF laser, pumped by inexpensive single spatial mode laser diodes. Up to 280 mW of cw output power was obtained with 570 mW of absorbed pump power, with a corresponding slope efficiency of 54%. Continuous tuning between 765 and 865 nm was demonstrated using a fused silica prism. A semiconductor saturable absorber mirror was used to initiate and sustain stable, self-starting, mode-locked operation. In cw mode locking, the laser produced 72 fs (FWHM) duration pulses, and 1.4 nJ pulse energy, at an average output power of 178 mW. Electrical to optical conversion efficiencies of 7.8% in mode-locked operation and 12.2% in cw operation were demonstrated.
Ultrafast optical excitation of coherent magnons in antiferromagnetic NiO (2017)

Antiferromagnets are rapidly gaining importance as crucial ingredients in many applications. They are abundant in nature and they are robust against externally applied fields. Rather usefully, their spin resonances often lie within the THz regime, which makes them ideal candidates for optical studies. In this paper, the authors present a thorough experimental and theoretical exploration of the optical spin excitation in antiferromagnetic NiO. Based on a phenomenological theory, they derive expressions for the optically induced magnetization via the inverse Faraday effect and the inverse Cotton-Mouton effect. Light polarization is conserved by pumping and probing along the optical axis of the material, facilitating the comparison between theory and experiment. Those agree amazingly well, making possible the identification of the driving mechanism behind the ultrafast magnon excitations. Moreover, the authors succeed in obtaining information about the otherwise elusive spin-domain distribution in NiO and in showing that the energy transfer into the magnon mode is about three orders of magnitude more efficient via the inverse Cotton-Mouton effect than via the inverse Faraday effect.
[Action of traditional Chinese medicines on DNA reproduction in liver cells in vitro]. (1990)

The action of 11 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine on DNA reproduction in hepatic cells was studied with microradiographic auto-development. The result shows that all the medicines can promote and strengthen the DNA reproduction.
A neural network for probabilistic information retrieval (1989)

This paper demonstrates how a neural network may be constructed, together with learning algorithms and modes of operation, that will provide retrieval effectiveness similar to that of the probabilistic indexing and retrieval model based on single terms as document components.