gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Up‐regulation of prosaposin by the retinoid HPR and the effect on ceramide production and integrin receptors (2001)

ABSTRACT N‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (HPR) is a synthetic retinoid of clinical use in breast cancer chemoprevention. Its in vitro effects on tumor cell lines include growth inhibition and apoptosis and are, to a large extent, independent of the activation of retinoic acid receptors. We have performed a cDNA differential display analysis to identify genes potentially relevant for understanding the mechanism of action of HPR. We report that prosaposin (PSAP), a gene encoding for the common precursor protein of saposins (cofactors involved in the metabolism of various sphingolipids), was significantly up‐regulated, both at transcriptional and protein level, in MCF7 and T47D breast cancer cell lines after treatment with HPR, but not with all trans retinoic acid (ATRA). Remarkably, this response was also induced by oxidants, whereas it was abrogated by antioxidants in cells treated with HPR, which implies a direct role of free radicals generated by HPR in prosaposin up‐regulation. Stable transfectants of T47D cells overexpressing prosaposin (T47D‐PSAP) exhibited morphological changes, reduced proliferation, and impaired attachment to culture plates, which correlated with down‐regulation of α6, β1, and β4 subunits of the integrin family of adhesion receptors. Concordant with a role of prosaposin in ceramide generation, increased amounts of this lipid were found in T47D‐PSAP and in HPR‐treated T47D cells. Moreover, treatment of T47D with C2‐ceramide resulted in the up‐regulation of prosaposin and down‐regulation of integrin receptors. Altogether, these findings establish a link between prosaposin, ceramide, and integrin receptor regulation. In view of the association between integrin down‐regulation and suppression of metastatic capacity, our data raise the possibility that the cancer chemopreventive activity of HPR may rely, at least in part, on its capacity to regulate integrin receptors through prosaposin.
Allograft Versus Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2010)

Given these risks for ACL graft rupture, allograft ACLRs should be performed with caution in the younger patient population.
Linguistic factors affecting timing in Korean with application to speech synthesis (2001)

This paper describes the results of a study of the phonetic and phonological factors affecting the rhythm and timing of spoken Korean. Stepwise construction of a CART model was used to uncover the contribution and relative importance of phrasal, syllabic, and segmental contexts. The model was trained from a corpus of 671 read sentences, yielding 42,000 segments each annotated with 69 linguistic features. On reserved test data, the best model showed a correlation coefficient of 0.73 with a RMS prediction error of 26 ms. Analysis of the classification tree during and after construction shows that phrasal structure had the greatest influence on segmental duration. Strong lengthening effects were shown for the first and last syllable in the accentual phrase. Syllable structure and the manner features of surrounding segments had smaller effects on segmental duration. The model has application within Korean speech synthesis.
Ajax: The Complete Reference (2008)

The Definitive Guide to Ajax Web Application Development

Evolve from the click-and-wait programming pattern to the latest Web 2.0 paradigm using this comprehensive guide to Ajax. Written by Web development expert Thomas Powell, the book lays out every feature of Ajax alongside detailed explanations and real-world code examples.

Ajax: The Complete Reference explains how to create and test Ajax-enabled Web applications using the XMLHttpRequest object as well as alternative JavaScript-based communication mechanisms. You'll explore a variety of sample applications featuring emerging user-interface conventions and build applications that address real-world networking and security issues. A robust communication library is developed throughout the book that enables you to architect flexible Ajax applications. The latest technologies such as Web services, Flash-Ajax integration, client-side templates, Comet, and Offline Access are also covered. Discover the future of Web development today!

Work with traditional JavaScript communication approaches like iframes
Explore all the quirks and details in the XMLHttpRequest object
Handle disparate data formats, including XML, JSON, CSV, YAML, and more 
Deal with networking issues, including timeouts, retries, response ordering, and a variety of server and content errors
Simplify JavaScript programming using open-source Ajax libraries like YUI
Secure Ajax applications using authentication, obfuscation, and encryption 
Implement common Ajax UI patterns such as auto suggest, click-to-edit, and drag-and-drop
Solve troubling Ajax architecture problems, including back button, history, and bookmarking issues
Learn Ajax's role in Web 2.0 and Web services
Explore push style communication using Comet and Flash
Discover the future of offline Web application access and operation


Table of contents
Part I: Core Ideas
Chapter 1. Introduction to Ajax
Chapter 2. Pre-Ajax JavaScript Communications Techniques
Chapter 3. XMLHttpRequest Object
Chapter 4. Data Formats
Part II: Applied Ajax
Chapter 5. Developing an Ajax Library
Chapter 6. Networking Considerations
Chapter 7. Security Concerns
Chapter 8. User Interface Design for Ajax
Chapter 9. Site and Application Architecture with Ajax
Part III: Advanced Topics
Chapter 10. Web Services and Beyond
Part IV: Appendixes
Appendix A. JavaScript Quick Reference
Appendix B. HTTP 1.1 Reference
Appendix C. AjaxTCR Library Reference
Index
Tachyon: A constraint-based temporal reasoning model and its implementation (1993)

No abstract available.
Rescue of Photoreceptors by BDNF Gene Transfer Using<i>In Vivo</i>Electroporation in the RCS Rat of Retinitis Pigmentosa (2009)

These findings provide evidence that electroporation is an effective method for gene transfer into retinal pigment epithelial cells, and the rescue of photoreceptors can be achieved by BDNF gene transfection with electroporation.
THE EVOLUTION OF PARASITES IN RESPONSE TO TOLERANCE IN THEIR HOSTS: THE GOOD, THE BAD, AND APPARENT COMMENSALISM (2006)

Tolerance to parasites reduces the harm that infection causes the host (virulence). Here we investigate the evolution of parasites in response to host tolerance. We show that parasites may evolve either higher or lower within-host growth rates depending on the nature of the tolerance mechanism. If tolerance reduces virulence by a constant factor, the parasite is always selected to increase its growth rate. Alternatively, if tolerance reduces virulence in a nonlinear manner such that it is less effective at reducing the damage caused by higher growth rates, this may select for faster or slower replicating parasites. If the host is able to completely tolerate pathogen damage up to a certain replication rate, this may result in apparent commensalism, whereby infection causes no apparent virulence but the original evolution of tolerance has been costly. Tolerance tends to increase disease prevalence and may therefore lead to more, rather than less, disease-induced mortality. If the parasite is selected, even a highly efficient tolerance mechanism may result in more individuals in total dying from disease. However, the evolution of tolerance often, although not always, reduces the individual risk of dying from infection.
An angle-domain imaging condition for elastic reverse time migration and its application to angle gather extraction (2012)

ABSTRACT An angle-domain imaging condition is recommended for multicomponent elastic reverse time migration. The local slant stack method is used to separate source and receiver waves into P- and S-waves and simultaneously decompose them into local plane waves along different propagation directions. We calculated the angle-domain partial images by crosscorrelating every possible combination of the incident and scattered plane P- and S-waves and then organized them into P-P and P-S local image matrices. Local image matrix preserves all the angle information related to the seismic events. Thus, by working in the image matrix, it is convenient to perform different angle-domain operations (e.g., filtering artifacts, correcting polarity, or conducting illumination and acquisition aperture compensations). Because local image matrix is localized in space, these operations can be designed to be highly flexible, e.g., target-oriented, dip-angle-dependent or reflection-angle-dependent. After performing angle-domain operations, we can stack the partial images in the local image matrix to generate the depth image, or partially sum them up to produce different angle-domain common image gathers, which can be used for amplitude versus angle and migration velocity analysis. We tested several numerical examples to demonstrate the applications of this angle-domain image condition.
Near-Infrared Organic Photodiodes (2013)

Organic photodiodes (OPDs) are attractive as solution-processed devices for sensing applications. Industrial and medical sensors often have the requirement to operate in the near-infrared (NIR) spectrum between 650 and 900 nm and are ideally visible-blind. Due to the tailored spectral sensitivity of the organic semiconductors, OPDs are attractive as filter-free solid-state alternative. In addition, the large active areas of the OPDs potentially allow fabricating lens-free light-barrier and reflective sensors. In this paper, we discuss different approaches toward NIR sensitive OPDs with a large active area up to 1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> applying polymers and small molecules as light absorbers. We demonstrate that with layer stacks optimized to the solution-processed semiconductor properties photodiodes with bulk heterojunctions with a minimum external quantum efficiency peak in the NIR and a rectification ratio of ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> can be achieved, which match industrial sensing requirements.
Synthesis of Lithium-Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles by Flame Spray Pyrolysis (2004)

Crystalline LiCoO2nanoparticles were synthesized from an aqueous solution of acetate compounds of lithium and cobalt by a flame spray pyrolysis, and characterized by TEM, XRD, and BET method. We investigated the evolution of LiCoO2nanoparticles from liquid droplets sprayed along the flame and observed disintegration of aqueous precursor droplets about 10μm into smaller fragments around 50 nm in the high temperature flame, as well as decomposition/oxidation of the precursor and coalescence/coagulation. We also examined effects of process variables such as molar concentrations of the precursors and flow rates of combustible gases on the particle size and crystal structure. The average particle diameter increased with an increase in the molar concentration of the precursor. Raising the maximum flame temperature by controlling the gas flow rates also led to an increase in the average diameter of the particles. The crystalline nanoparticles synthesized were nearly spherical, and their average primary particle diameters ranged from 11 to 35 nm.
The role of insulin, corticosterone and other factors in the acute recovery of muscle protein synthesis on refeeding food-deprived rats (1983)

Measurements of changes in muscle protein synthesis, insulin and corticosterone in vivo in refed food-deprived rats, some after pretreatment with anti-insulin serum or corticosterone, indicate that the acute increase in protein synthesis (20-40 min) requires (a) insulin, (b) a fall in corticosterone, since corticosterone acts at least in part by blocking insulin action, and (c) at least one other independent anabolic factor.
Understanding How to Engage Black HS Boys in Computer Science Through Tech Innovation and Entrepreneurship (2020)

Black high school (HS) boys are an untapped source for initiatives in broadening participation in computer science (CS). This article describes a five week program that employs active and problem-based learning activities to teach tech innovation and entrepreneurship to local teens in the Washington, DC, USA area. Called #WatchMeCode, the program's objective is to build black HS boys’ confidence in coding, communicating their programming skills, and rebuilding their thoughts about computer science. The program uses a constructivist pedagogical approach allowing students to build their understanding of computer science and technology through Internet-search-based history lessons, podcasts, and presentations by other black male tech entrepreneurs. Additionally, students ventured out into their community with hands-on design-thinking and customer discovery skills to observe their environment, its issues/problems, and developed new technology with their unique perspectives in mind. Results showed that participants became interested and confident in computer science by creating their own tech innovations.
News (1994)

Summary of Discussions, Avian Mycoplasma Team, International Research Program on Comparative Mycoplasmology, International Organization of Mycoplasmology, University of Ljubljana, Domzale, Slovenia, September 29‐October 1, 1993
Survey of Flux-Responsive Magnetic Reproducing Heads (1954)

A magnetic reproducing head which generates signal voltage substantially proportional to the magnitude of the intercepted magnetic flux is commonly referred to as a flux‐responsive or magnetostatic head.The fundamental mode of operation, the different approaches to practical solutions, and the characteristic features of this type of head are described. The explanations are illustrated by a number of cases which have been either proposed or practically executed by various organizations and investigators. References are given, including brief abstracts of pertinent patents and other publications.
A 1.9GHz 1W CMOS class E power amplifier for wireless communications (1998)

A CMOS implementation of a Class E power amplifier for wireless communications which operates in the GHz region is reported. The concept of mode-locking is introduced in which the amplifier acts as an oscillator whose output is forced to run at the input frequency. A prototype was built, which delivered over 1W of output power with 48% power added efficiency, centred at 1.9GHz using a 2V supply.
Mechanical stress-strain sensors embedded in cardiac cytoskeleton: Z disk, titin, and associated structures (2006)

Cardiac muscle is equipped with intricate intrinsic mechanisms to regulate adaptive remodeling. Recent and extensive experimental findings powered by novel strategies for screening protein-protein interactions, improved imaging technologies, and versatile transgenic mouse methodologies reveal that Z disks and titin filaments possess unexpectedly complicated sensory and modulatory mechanisms for signal reception and transduction. These mechanisms employ molecules such as muscle-enriched LIM domain proteins, PDZ-LIM domain proteins, myozenin gene family members, titin-associated ankyrin repeat family proteins, and muscle-specific ring finger proteins, which have been identified as potential molecular sensor components. Moreover, classic transmembrane signaling processes, including mitogen-activated kinase, protein kinase C, and calcium signaling, also involve novel interactions with the Z disk/titin network. This compartmentalization of signaling complexes permits alteration of receptor-dependent transcriptional regulation by direct sensing of intrinsic stress. Newly identified mechanical stress sensors are not limited to Z-disk region and to I-band and M-band regions of titin but are also embedded in muscle-specific membrane systems such as the costamere, intercalated disks, and caveolae-like microdomains. This review summarizes current knowledge of this rapidly developing area with focus on how the heart adjusts physiological remodeling process to meet with mechanical demands and how this process fails in cardiac pathologies.
A Captcha Based on the Human Visual Systems Masking Characteristics (2006)

In this paper, a CAPTCHA is presented based on the masking characteristics of the human visual system (HVS). Knowing that noise can be masked by high activity regions and showing that edges can be masked by noise for a human observer while still being detected by machines, the suggested CAPTCHA is composed of English alphabets that are picked randomly and written with a combination of texture and edges with added noise such as to deceive the machine by randomly changing the visibility of characters for humans. The proposed CAPTCHA is highly legible and robust to brute-force attacks and sophisticated object character recognition (OCR) segmentation algorithms
Transplantation of Autologously‐Derived Mitochondria Protects the Heart from Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury (2013)

The ability of mitochondria to regulate myocardial homeostasis and energetic requirements is compromised following reduction or cessation of blood flow resulting in tissue necrosis and impaired cardiac function. We hypothesized that transplantation of autologously‐derived mitochondria immediately prior to reperfusion would ameliorate these effects. NZW rabbits were subjected to regional ischemia (RI) by temporarily snaring the left anterior descending artery for 30 min. Following 29 min. RI, mitochondria (RI‐Mito) or vehicle (RI‐V) were injected into the RI zone and the hearts recovered for 4 weeks. RI‐Mito decreased infarct size (7.9±2.9%) as compared to RI‐V (34.2±3.3%; P<0.05). Serial echocardiograms showed RI‐Mito hearts returned to normal contraction in early reperfusion but RI‐V hearts had persistent hypokinesia in the RI zone. The injected mitochondria were retained in the myocardium with the majority located in the interstitium but many were internalized by cardiomyocytes. The transplanted mitochondria enhanced oxygen consumption and upregulated proteomic pathways for enhanced myocardial energetics. Our results demonstrate that the transplantation of autologously‐derived mitochondria into the RI zone just prior to reperfusion provides cardioprotection both intracellularly and extracellularly to significantly decrease necrosis and enhance post‐ischemic functional recovery.
A New Relay Based Dynamic Load Balancing Scheme in Cellular Networks (2010)

In cellular networks, mobile users in hot cells may suffer from low throughput due to the load imbalance problem. Different approaches such as channel borrowing and cell breathing have been proposed to accommodate this problem. Meanwhile, relay stations, which can extend cell coverage and enhance signal strength for boundary users, appear to be important components in next generation networks. In this paper, we propose a new relay-based load balancing scheme which utilizes relay stations to transfer over-loaded traffic from hot cells to neighboring cooler cells. The proposed algorithm dynamically controls the associations of relay stations to base stations, and the associations of mobile users to relay stations and base stations. Simulation results show that our scheme significantly improves the performance of boundary users without penalizing total system throughput.
Automating forms publishing with the Intelligent Filing Manager (2003)

This paper describes how logic programming provides flexibility in complex forms filing not previously available with hard-coded solutions. The Intelligent Filing Manager (INTELLIFM) software, a logic programming application, has been developed for high-volume forms publishing applications where large sets of varied forms need to be filed simultaneously. In the United States, for large insurers who wish to do business in every state, there are approximately 700 different forms. Logic programming, combined with shrink-wrapped applications such as Microsoft Excel, is used to automate such large-scale forms filing that are subject to changes in government regulations. The INTELLIFM system combines artificial intelligence (AI), graphical user interfaces (GUI) and databases with portable document format (PDF) technology. The filing manager software has a built-in, intelligent question-answering (Q&A) module. INTELLIFM represents a system in which AI and dynamic GUI generation play powerful roles, and automate forms publishing in a novel way.
GeoSearcher: Location‐based ranking of search engine results (2002)

Abstract Many web queries have geospatial dimensions. While online shopping is built on the premise that distance and location are irrelevant (with the possible exception of shipping charges), tourism and onsite inspection of goods have a geospatial dimension and distance and location are relevant factors. Current search engines build indices based on keyword occurrence and frequency for query negotiation using these indices. This approach is fast, robust, and generic but when queries are related to physical locations and distances rather than cyberdistances this approach leaves the user to sort through pages of results. In this paper, we describe an algorithm that assigns location coordinates dynamically to web sites based on the URL. A prototype search system was built using this algorithm that uses this information to re‐rank the results of search engines for queries with a geospatial dimension. We found that over 80% of the URLs tested could be assigned correct location coordinates. This work makes a contribution to retrieval on the web by providing an alternative ranking order for search engine results so that users with queries with a geospatial dimension can more readily use the results of general search engines rather than special purpose applications.
Lactic acid based PEU/HA and PEU/BCP composites: Dynamic mechanical characterization of hydrolysis (2002)

Lactic acid based poly(ester-urethane) (PEU-BDI) and its composites with 20 and 40 vol.% bioceramic filler were characterized prior to their use as biocompatible and bioabsorbable artificial bone materials. Morphological, dynamic mechanical properties, and degradation of these either hydroxyapatite or biphasic calcium phosphate containing composites were determined. Addition of particulate bioactive filler increased the composite stiffness and the glass transition temperature, indicating strong interactions between the filler and matrix. Materials were sterilized by gamma-irradiation, which reduced the average molecular weights by 30-40%. However, dynamic mechanical properties were not significantly affected by irradiation. Specimens were immersed in 0.85 w/v saline at 37 degrees C for 5 weeks, and changes in molecular weights, mass, water absorption, and dynamic mechanical properties were recorded. All the composite materials showed promising dynamic mechanical performance over the 5 weeks of hydrolysis. Average molecular weights of PEU-BDI and its composites did not change substantially during the test period. PEU-BDI retained its modulus values relatively well, and although the moduli of the composite materials were much higher, especially at high filler content, they exhibited faster loss of mechanical integrity.