gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxidation of Suspended Stacked Silicon Nanowire for Sub-10nm Cross-Section Shape Optimization (2008)

Suspended, stacked and rounded nanowires with diameters as small as 5nm have been obtained thanks to thermal oxidation. Those structures can be used for novel 3D Gate-All-Around Field Effect Transistor (GAAFET) architectures. As the oxidation rate is strongly affected by the nature of the oxidant, the temperature and the wire curvature, both wet and dry oxidations (at 950{degree sign}C and at 1100{degree sign}C, respectively) have been investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the shape and the oxidation kinetic of the oxidized Si nanowires compared to planar references.
A Short-Range Low Data-Rate Regenerative FM-UWB Receiver (2011)

A regenerative frequency-modulated ultra-wideband (FM-UWB) receiver for low data rate (<; 100 kbits/s) and short-distance ( <;10 m) reception in the 4-5-GHz band, consisting of a 35-dB gain preamplifier, envelope detector/demodulator, IF amplifier, and 50-Ω test buffer is described. The tunable (3.8-5.1 GHz) receiver front-end operates on a 50-MHz sub-band that is selected, amplified, and transformed from FM to amplitude modulated by a regenerative preamplifier. Energy efficiency of the regenerative FM-UWB receiver compared to previously published FM-UWB implementations is improved by a factor of 8, to 22 nJ/bit. Measured receiver sensitivity is -84 dBm at 100-kbits/s data rate (10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> bit-error rate). Implemented in 65-nm bulk CMOS, the 0.3 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> test chip consumes 2.2 mW (excluding test buffer) from a 1-V supply.
Nonstationary Array Processing for Tracking Moving Targets with Time-Varying Polarizations (2006)

This paper presents an approach for tracking nonstationary moving sources with both time-varying directions-of-arrival (DOA) and time-varying polarization signatures. The proposed approach is based on the spatial polarimetric time-frequency distributions (SPTFD). Unlike the conventional correlation matrix based approaches that sacrifice the source signal polarization properties and are not properly structured to utilize polarization diversity, the proposed approach uses the signal instantaneous polarization and instantaneous frequency information for improved target tracking and polarization estimation.
Composable cost estimation and monitoring for computational applications in cloud computing environments (2010)

With the offer from cloud computing providers, scientists have the opportunity to utilize pay-as-you-go resources together with their own and shared resources. However, scientists need to decide which parts of their applications should be executed in cloud computing systems in order to balance the trade-off between cost, time and resource requirements. In this paper, we present a service for estimating, monitoring and analyzing costs associated with scientific applications in the cloud. Cost models associated with different application execution models are proposed and these cost models can be composed to determine costs of different scenarios. We present techniques to estimate costs for service dependency and to monitor costs associated with typical scientific applications. Experiments with real-world applications are performed to illustrate the usefulness of our techniques. Our service could eventually be integrated into cloud resource management and execution services to support on-the-fly resource scheduling.
Double‐stranded RNA activates RANTES gene transcription through co‐operation of nuclear factor‐κB and interferon regulatory factors in human airway epithelial cells (2004)

These results imply that dsRNA activates NF-kappaB and IRFs and these transcription factors activate transcription of the RANTES promoter and its protein expression in airway epithelial cells.
An Impedance Camera for Spatially Specific Measurements of the Thorax (1978)

We have designed and built an impedance camera to generate electrical impedance images of the thorax. Our instrument makes 100 spatially specific admittance measurements per frame at rates up to 32 frames per second. An on-line raster-scan display provides direct visualization while recording of data allows off-line quantitative analysis. We have found that some of the admittance measurements change 25% in humans with forced respiration. We discuss the principle of a mutually guarding electrode array and its limitations and present ideal instrument specifications and a working design. Continuing development may allow noninvasive measurement of localized ventilation and perfusion.
Survey of the Use of Peripherally Inserted Central Venous Catheters in Children (1997)

PICCs provide reliable and safe access for prolonged IV therapy in neonates and children. The low incidence of complications with PICCs make them an attractive device for prolonged IV access. Similar complication rates with use in and out of hospital suggest that home IV therapy can be safely delivered with PICCs, avoiding expensive hospitalization.
The integration of real and virtual magnetic resonance imaging experiments in a single instrument (2009)

We present the design of an integrated system for performing both real and virtual (simulated) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) experiments. We emphasize the approaches used to maximize the level of integration and also the benefits that tight real-virtual integration brings for a scientific instrument. The system has been implemented for both low field (0.2 T) and high field (9.4 T) imaging systems. The simulations can run for any MRI experiment and we demonstrate the operation of the system for T(1), T(2), T(2) ( *), and diffusion contrasts.
Heat Shock Increases the Association of Binding Protein-1 with Initiation Factor 4E (1997)

The effects of heat shock on the regulation of the cap-binding initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) and its inhibitory binding protein, 4E-BP1, have been examined in Chinese hamster ovary cells and in cardiac myocytes. Heat shock increased the association between eIF4E and 4E-EP1, and this was associated with a dephosphorylation of 4E-BP1. These effects did not appear to be due wholly to decreased activity of the p70 S6 kinase pathway, which is implicated in the control of 4E-BP1, and they were not mediated by the stress-activated p38 microtubule-associated protein kinase pathway. Increased binding of 4E-BP1 to eIF4E correlated with a decrease in the amount of eIF4G which co-purified with the latter, This could account for the previously observed impairment of eIF4F function during heat shock, and, since heat shock protein mRNAs are believed to be relatively cap-independent, could provide a mechanism for the selective up-regulation of the synthesis of heat shock proteins and other stress proteins during heat shock.
Action of agonists and antagonists at muscarinic receptors present on ileum and atria <i>in vitro</i> (1985)

The action of 'selective' agonists and antagonists at muscarinic receptors mediating ileal contractions, and the rate and force of atrial contractions has been assessed. The effect of nicotinic receptor stimulation, catecholamine release and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) action on muscarinic activity has also been assessed. The nicotinic actions of carbachol did not affect its agonist potency nor the antagonist affinity data obtained when this agonist was used in atrial and ileal preparations. Antagonist data indicated that muscarinic receptors mediating the rate and force of atrial contractions did not differ. Differences in agonist potencies at these two muscarinic receptors were attributable to either differences in intrinsic efficacy or susceptibility to the action of acetylcholinesterase. The small differences in agonist potency observed between atrial and ileal muscarinic receptors were considered not sufficient to indicate receptor heterogeneity. The pirenzepine affinity data indicated that all three receptors are of the M2 type. Affinity data using secoverine and 4-diphenyl-acetoxy-N-methyl piperidine methiodide indicated that ileal and atrial muscarinic receptors differ. Data obtained using gallamine, pancuronium and stercuronium cannot be regarded as indicative of receptor affinity since the antagonism is not competitive; it did nonetheless corroborate the conclusion that ileal and atrial muscarinic receptors are different.
Synthesis and characterization of La1-xSr xMnO3±δ powders obtained by the polymeric precursor route (2011)

Polycrystalline strontium-doped lanthanum manganite (LSM) powders with 0.15, 0.22, and 0.30 mol % Sr were synthesized by the polymeric precursor route using a molar ratio of 3:1 citric acid and metal cations. The powders were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermal analysis, high-temperature X-ray diffraction to determine the crystalline perovskite phase and crystallite sizes, scanning electron microscopy for the morphological analysis, nitrogen adsorption to determine the specific surface area, and laser scattering to evaluate the particle size distribution. The LSM perovskite-type oxides containing intermediate 0.22 mol % Sr were found to exhibit a tendency to decrease in crystallite size and increase in specific surface area and, when calcined at 700-900 ºC exhibited a pure phase of perovskite, had a crystallite size of about 17-20 nm and a specific surface area for 900 ºC of 34.3 m².g-1.
Antibacterial synergism of polymyxin B nonapeptide and hydrophobic antibiotics in experimental gram-negative infections in mice (1994)

Polymyxin B nonapeptide, derived by cleavage of the fatty acyl diaminobutyric acid from polymyxin B, is considerably less toxic, lacks bactericidal activity, and retains its ability to render gram-negative bacteria susceptible to several antibiotics by permeabilizing their outer membranes. The peptide rendered all 53 polymyxin-susceptible strains tested more susceptible to novobiocin, lowering the MIC of novobiocin eightfold or more. The combination of polymyxin B nonapeptide with novobiocin or with erythromycin administered intraperitoneally in multiple doses synergistically protected mice infected with gram-negative bacteria. This combination may be clinically useful because of the apparent rarity of the acquisition of resistance.
Advanced Stirling Convertor (ASC) Technology Maturation (2015)

The Advanced Stirling Convertor (ASC) development effort was initiated by NASA Glenn Research Center with contractor Sunpower, Inc., to develop high-efficiency thermal-to-electric power conversion technology for NASA Radioisotope Power Systems (RPSs). Early successful performance demonstrations led to the expansion of the project as well as adoption of the technology by the Department of Energy (DOE) and system integration contractor Lockheed Martin Space Systems Company as part of the Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator (ASRG) flight project. The ASRG integrates a pair of ASCs to convert the heat from a pair of General Purpose Heat Source (GPHS) modules into electrical power. The expanded NASA ASC effort included development of several generations of ASC prototypes or engineering units to help prepare the ASC technology and Sunpower for flight implementation. Sunpower later had two parallel contracts allowing the last of the NASA engineering units called ASC-E3 to serve as pathfinders for the ASC-F flight convertors being built for DOE. The ASC-E3 convertors utilized the ASC-F flight specifications and were built using the ASC-F design and process documentation. Shortly after the first ASC-F pair achieved initial operation, due to budget constraints, the DOE ASRG flight development contract was terminated. NASA continues to invest in the development of Stirling RPS technology including continued production of the ASC-E3 convertors, seven of which have been delivered with one additional unit in production. Starting in fiscal year 2015, Stirling Convertor Technology Maturation has been reorganized as an element of the RPS Stirling Cycle Technology Development (SCTD) Project and long-term plans for continued Stirling technology advancement are in reformulation. This paper provides a status on the ASC project, an overview of advancements made in the design and production of the ASC at Sunpower, and a summary of acceptance tests, reliability tests, and tactical tests at NASA Glenn that demonstrate the capabilities of the ASC.
Fast Re-Authentication for Inter-Domain Handover using Context Transfer (2008)

The exponential growth of wireless mobile systems in recent years has created strong demand to handover between different administration domains. Such movement suffers from limited resources such as limited bandwidth and high latency. Furthermore, authentication is the key factor when providing mobile roaming services, so fast re-authentication is one of the important issues to achieve a short overall handover delay. Therefore, it is important to develop techniques that utilize the available bandwidth efficiently. One way of utilizing the wireless resources efficiently is by transferring the required context that authenticates the user in new visited domain of the running session rather than establishing the connection from scratch. Current approaches only consider a repeated authentication process run for a new visited domain and therefore, can potentially introduce high latency by communicating with authorization services of a home domain. In this paper, we propose a novel way to authenticate a mobile node without the necessity to communicate with the home domain while maintaining a high level of security. We provide an overview of the method, show the improvement to related approaches in terms of message flows and discuss security aspects.
Relevance of angiotensin II‐induced aortic pathologies in mice to human aortic aneurysms (2011)

Angiotensin II infusion in mice promotes abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms, which provides a feasible approach to study the mechanisms of these two distinct diseases.
Characterisation by restriction mapping of three subtypes of <i>Molluscum contagiosum</i> virus (1992)

DNA from Molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV) isolates was analysed by restriction endonuclease digestion, identifying three virus subtypes. The structural features of MCV DNA are typical of poxviral DNA. Physical maps of cleavage sites for BamHI, CIaI, and HindIII were constructed for single isolates of each subtype. These differ extensively, indicating the independence of the three subtypes. However, they are closely related, as determined by molecular hybridisation and nucleotide sequence analysis, and their genomes are essentially colinear. There is marked geographical variation in the relative incidence of MCV I and II, whilst MCV III is uniformly rare.
The Asia Pacific Cable Network (1996)

Describes the equipment and general operation of the Asia Pacific Cable Network (APCN). Because of its uniqueness to APCN additional detail regarding the powering system and its restoration have been supplied. Once operational in late 1996, APCN will interconnect countries in a region of the world that is experiencing rapid growth in demand for telecommunication services. With trans-Pacific and other interregional networks such as the TPC-5 Cable Network and the FLAG network going into service in 1996 and 1997, APCN will not only serve as a regional network, but as a feeder network to these networks, providing connectivity to other parts of the world. APCN will play an important role as another network in the ever growing global undersea communications network.
Cost-Effective Data Communications for Personal Computer Applications Using Micro Earth Stations (1985)

The reduction in cost of computer processing and storage that led to personal computers has stimulated a need for comparable reduction in telecommunication costs to connect distributed personal computers to central computer facilities. A reexamination of the underlying technical options open to terrestrial and satellite telecommunications alternatives illustrates the advantages of satellite networks for data communication. The principles are illustrated with a description of a particular satellite network technology utilizing user-premises micro Earth stations that are cost-effective for use as accessories to personal computers or equivalent work stations.
Allele-Specific Amplification in Cancer Revealed by SNP Array Analysis (2005)

Amplification, deletion, and loss of heterozygosity of genomic DNA are hallmarks of cancer.In recent years a variety of studies have emerged measuring total chromosomal copy number at increasingly high resolution.Similarly, loss-ofheterozygosity events have been finely mapped using high-throughput genotyping technologies.We have developed a probe-level allele-specific quantitation procedure that extracts both copy number and allelotype information from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array data to arrive at allele-specific copy number across the genome.Our approach applies an expectation-maximization algorithm to a model derived from a novel classification of SNP array probes.This method is the first to our knowledge that is able to (a) determine the generalized genotype of aberrant samples at each SNP site (e.g., CCCCT at an amplified site), and (b) infer the copy number of each parental chromosome across the genome.With this method, we are able to determine not just where amplifications and deletions occur, but also the haplotype of the region being amplified or deleted.The merit of our model and general approach is demonstrated by very precise genotyping of normal samples, and our allele-specific copy number inferences are validated using PCR experiments.Applying our method to a collection of lung cancer samples, we are able to conclude that amplification is essentially monoallelic, as would be expected under the mechanisms currently believed responsible for gene amplification.This suggests that a specific parental chromosome may be targeted for amplification, whether because of germ line or somatic variation.
Systematic review of randomized controlled trials of probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics in inflammatory bowel disease (2014)

To date, there is insufficient data to recommend probiotics for use in CD. There is evidence to support the use of probiotics for induction and maintenance of remission in UC and pouchitis. Future quality studies are needed to confirm whether probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics have a definite role in induction or maintenance of remission in CD, UC, and pouchitis. Similar to probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation provides an alternate modality of therapy to treat IBD by influencing the intestinal flora.
Design of a high reliable L1 data cache with redundant cache (2009)

Modern high-performance processors utilize cache memory systems to tolerate the increasing latency of main memory. Along with IC technology improvement, complicated cache memory systems in processors are very vulnerable to soft errors under severe environment. To deal with multiple soft errors with little impact on hardware overhead and performance, this paper proposes a new cache memory system, in which redundant cache blocks are integrated into a set-associative L1 data cache. Each redundant cache block is used to store the replica of each ¿dirty¿data in correspondence with L1 data cache blocks. In order to realize the detection of multiple soft errors with little hardware overhead, a bit interleaving group parity code is adopted to detect multiple soft errors in L1 data cache blocks. Moreover, in order to increase the mapping rate between L1 data cache blocks and the redundant cache blocks, an early write-back based protocol is introduced, in which all dirty cache blocks are written back to L2 cache at the intervals of a determined cycle number. The proposed cache system can provide more powerful soft error protection than conventional error correction codes. Experiment results show that the cache system proposed in this paper can provide replicas for almost 100% of dirty cache blocks in L1 data cache on average.
Intestinal mucinous substances in gastric intestinal metaplasia and carcinoma studied by immunofluorescence (1982)

Immunofluorescent studies using specific antisera against intestinal mucins revealed small intestinal mucin antigen (SIMA) and large intestinal mucin antigen (LIMA) in areas of intestinal metaplasia of the stomach. In 25 gastric carcinomas studied, both these antigens were detected in seven carcinomas, SIMA only was present in four and LIMA in only four cases; the antigens could not be detected in ten of the carcinomas. In 21 of the 25 gastric operation specimens, including the 15 carcinomas positive for intestinal mucin antigens, there was evidence of chronic gastritis and intestinal metaplasia. These immunohistologic observations confirm the results of recent histochemical studies that both small and large intestinal type mucins are present in intestinal metaplasia and gastric carcinomas. Our findings provide further evidence that at least a proportion of gastric carcinomas may supervene on intestinal metaplasia. The absence of one or both antigens in gastric carcinomas may indicate stages of dedifferentiation or alternatively differences in histogenesis.
Feedback induction of suppressor T-cell activity. (1975)

Adoptively transferred carrier immune T cells interact with nonimmune T cells in recipients in a fashion which generates specific immunosuppression although both the immune and normal cells function quite well as helper cells when not admixed.
Characterization of two genetically separable inorganic phosphate transport systems in Escherichia coli (1980)

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) transport by wild-type cells of Escherichia coli grown in excess phosphate-containing media involves two genetically separable transport systems. Cells dependent upon the high affinity-low velocity Pst (phosphate specific transport) system have a Km of 0.43 +/- 0.2 microM Pi and a Vmax of 15.9 +/- 0.3 nmol of Pi (mg [dry weight]-1min-1) and will grow in the presence of arsenate in the medium. However, cells dependent upon the low affinity-high velocity Pit (Pi transport) system have a Km of 38.2 +/- 0.4 microM and a Vmax of 55 +/- 1.9 nmol of Pi (mg [dry weight]-1min-1), and these cells cannot grow in the presence of an arsenate-to-Pi ratio of 10 in the medium. Pi transport by both systems was sensitive to the energy uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol and the sulfhydryl reagent N-ethylmaleimide, whereas only the Pst system was very sensitive to sodium cyanide. Evidence is presented that Pi is transported as Pi or a very labile intermediate and that accumulated Pi does not exit through the Pst or Pit systems from glucose-grown cells. Kinetic analysis of Pi transport in the wild-type strain containing both the Pst and Pit transport systems revealed that each system was not operating at full capacity. In addition, Pi transport in the wild-type strain was completely sensitive to sodium cyanide (a characteristic of the Pst system).