gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MICROENCAPSULATION BY SPRAY DRYING (1998)

Abstract Spray drying technique has been widely used for drying heat-sensitive foods, pharmaceuticals, and other substances, because of the solvent rapid evaporation from the droplets, Although most often considered a dehydration process, spray drying can also be used as an encapsulation method when it entraps ‘active’ material within a protective matrix, which is essentially inert to the material being encapsulated. Compared to the other conventional microencapsulation techniques, it offers the attractive advantage of producing microcapsules in a relatively simple continuous processing operation. This chapter will present a brief overview of the main considerations involved in the application of spray drying for microencapsulation, with a special emphasis given to microencapsulation of volatile materials. The potential use of spray drying microencapsulation for pharmaceutical applications, particularly the preparation of microparticulate drug delivery systems, will also be discussed
Dimethylamino-Iminophosphorane (1973)

Abstract Dimethylamino-imino-phosphoranes of the general composition (Me2N)mMenP = NR (m+n=3; R[dbnd]H,CH3) 7–12 have been prepared by the reaction of the corresponding imonium salts 1-6 with NaNH2 or sodium, respectively, in liquid ammonia. The reactions of 11 and 12 with methyl iodide and the following elimination of hydrogen halide show a new synthetic route to methylene phosphoranes (Me2N)3P[dbnd]CH2 (19) and (Me2N)2MeP[dbnd]CH2. (20). This method is also applicable to the preparation of other substituted imino - and alkyliden - phosphoranes. The metallation of 7-9 gives (Me2N)m-MenP=NLi (21-23). The structures of 7-12 are discussed on the basis of 1H- and 31P-NMR spectra.
An analysis of on-chip interconnection networks for large-scale chip multiprocessors (2010)

With the number of cores of chip multiprocessors (CMPs) rapidly growing as technology scales down, connecting the different components of a CMP in a scalable and efficient way becomes increasingly challenging. In this article, we explore the architectural-level implications of interconnection network design for CMPs with up to 128 fine-grain multithreaded cores. We evaluate and compare different network topologies using accurate simulation of the full chip, including the memory hierarchy and interconnect, and using a diverse set of scientific and engineering workloads. We find that the interconnect has a large impact on performance, as it is responsible for 60% to 75% of the miss latency. Latency, and not bandwidth, is the primary performance constraint, since, even with many threads per core and workloads with high miss rates, networks with enough bandwidth can be efficiently implemented for the system scales we consider. From the topologies we study, the flattened butterfly consistently outperforms the mesh and fat tree on all workloads, leading to performance advantages of up to 22%. We also show that considering interconnect and memory hierarchy together when designing large-scale CMPs is crucial, and neglecting either of the two can lead to incorrect conclusions. Finally, the effect of the interconnect on overall performance becomes more important as the number of cores increases, making interconnection choices especially critical when scaling up.
Multi-objective optimization of gradient coil for benchtop magnetic resonance imaging system with high-resolution (2014)

Significant high magnetic gradient field strength is essential to obtaining high-resolution images in a benchtop magnetic resonance imaging (BT-MRI) system with permanent magnet. Extending minimum wire spacing and maximum wire width of gradient coils is one of the key solutions to minimize the maximum current density so as to reduce the local heating and generate higher magnetic field gradient strength. However, maximum current density is hard to optimize together with field linearity, stored magnetic energy, and power dissipation by the traditional target field method. In this paper, a new multi-objective method is proposed to optimize the maximum current density, field linearity, stored magnetic energy, and power dissipation in MRI gradient coils. The simulation and experimental results show that the minimum wire spacings are improved by 159% and 62% for the transverse and longitudinal gradient coil respectively. The maximum wire width increases from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. Maximum gradient field strengths of 157 mT/m and 405 mT/m for transverse and longitudinal coil are achieved, respectively. The experimental results in BT-MRI instrument demonstrate that the MRI images with in-plane resolution of 50 μm can be obtained by using the designed coils.
A low distortion 3-phase rectifier using a resonant-mode Y-connected thyristor network (2002)

This paper describes the operation of a resonant three-phase Y-connected thyristor network, "3/spl theta/ SCR Y-switch", that can be used to lower the line-current harmonic content of a three-phase diode bridge rectifier using AC-line inductors. The current shaping action of the 3/spl theta/ SCR Y-switch results in close to unity fundamental power factor with an input current harmonic distortion of less than 10% and close to 5%. The resonant-mode action of the 3/spl theta/ SCR Y-switch has attractive electrical characteristics in terms of a very low per-unit current rating; self-commutation of the thyristors; zero current turn-on and zero voltage turn off; 120 Hz switching frequency. These characteristics make the power converter inexpensive, reliable and useful in medium power applications such as industrial drives for controlling the speed of three-phase induction motors.
On the use of instantaneous and transitional spectral information in speaker recognition (2005)

The use of instantaneous and transitional spectral representations of spoken utterances for speaker recognition is investigated. LPC derived-cepstral coefficients are used to represent instantaneous spectral information and best linear fits of each cepstral coefficient over a specified time window are used to represent transitional information. An evaluation has been carried out using a data base of isolated digit utterances over dialed-up telephone lines by 10 talkers. Two vector quantization (VQ) codebooks, instantaneous and transitional, are constructed from training utterances for each speaker. The experimental results show that the instantaneous and transitional representations are relatively uncorrelated thus providing complementary information for speaker recognition. A rectangular window of approximately 100-150 ms duration provides an effective estimate of spectral transitions for speaker recognition. Also, simple transmission channel variations are shown to affect the instantaneous spectral representations and the corresponding recognition performance significantly, while the transitional representations and performance are relatively resistant.
The Dissociation of ATP from hsp70 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae Is Stimulated by Both Ydj1p and Peptide Substrates (1995)

hsp70 proteins of both eukaryotes and prokaryotes possess both ATPase and peptide binding activities. These two activities are crucial for the chaperone activity of hsp70 proteins. The activity of DnaK, the primary hsp70 of Escherichia coli, is modulated by the GrpE and DnaJ proteins. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the predominant cytosolic hsp70, Ssa1p, interacts with a DnaJ homologue, Ydj1p. In order to better understand the function of the Ssa1p/Ydj1p chaperone, the effects of polypeptide substrates and Ydj1p on Ssa1p ATPase activity were assessed using a combination of steady-state kinetic analysis and single turnover substrate hydrolysis experiments. Polypeptide substrates and Ydj1p both serve to stimulate ATPase activity of Ssa1p. The two types of effector are biochemically distinct, each conferring a characteristic K+ dependence on Ssa1p ATPase activity. However, in single turnover ATP hydrolysis experiments, both polypeptide substrates and Ydj1p destabilized the ATP.Ssa1p complex through a combination of accelerated hydrolysis of bound ATP and accelerated release of ATP from Ssa1p. The acceleration of ATP release by Ydj1p is a previously unidentified function of a DnaJ homologue. In the case of Ydj1p-stimulated Ssa1p, steady-state ATPase activity is increased less than 2-fold at physiological K+ concentrations, despite a 15-fold increase in the hydrolysis of bound ATP. The primary effect of Ydj1p appears to be to disfavor an ATP form of Ssa1p. On the other hand, peptide stimulation of Ssa1p ATPase activity was enhanced at physiological K+ concentrations, supporting the idea that cycles of ATP hydrolysis play an important role in the interaction of hsp70 with polypeptide substrates. The enhanced ATP dissociation caused by both polypeptide substrates and Ydj1p may play a role in the regulation of Ssa1p chaperone activity by altering the relative abundance of ATP-and ADP-bound forms.
<i>CRB1</i>Gene Mutations Are Associated with Keratoconus in Patients with Leber Congenital Amaurosis (2009)

Although the results cannot exclude other gene mutations, they suggest that LCA patients with a CRB1 mutation may have a particular susceptibility to keratoconus.
Poster: Physically-based natural hand and tangible AR interaction for face-to-face collaboration on a tabletop (2012)

In this paper, we present an AR framework that allows natural hand and tangible AR interaction for physically-based interaction and environment awareness to support face-to-face collaboration using Microsoft Kinect. Our framework comprises of six major components: (1) marker tracking (2) depth acquisition (3) image processing (4) physics simulation (5) communication and (6) rendering. The resulting augmented environment supports occlusion, shadows, and physically-based interaction of real and virtual objects. We propose three methods of natural hand representations including mesh-based, direct sphere substitution and variational optical flow. A tabletop racing game and AR Sandbox applications are created based on this framework, showing the application possibilities.
Xenobiotically modified human hemoglobin studied by electrospray mass spectrometry (1995)

High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/electrospray mass spectrometry (ES MS) has been used to measure successfully the molecular weights of intact alpha and beta chains of globin covalently modified with styrene oxide, having the molecular weight of xenobiotic moiety as 120 Da.. The method also has revealed a variety of modified residues in the reacted hemoglobin after digestion with trypsin.
Geminate recombination of long-lived electron-hole pairs in doped carbazole-containing amorphous molecular semiconductors (1997)

This paper reports an investigation into the features of geminate recombination of long-lived electron-hole pairs in films of poly(N-epoxypropylcarbazole) (PEPC) containing intramolecular charge transfer compounds as centers of photogeneration of charge carriers carried out by measuring the attenuation kinetics of isothermal recombination luminescence over a wide range of temperatures (4.2–300 K) for times t>1 s, along with the kinetics of photoinduced EPR signals. A study is made of how the presence of a potential barrier to the reverse transition of carriers to the recombination center and the initial triplet state of the charged pairs affects the geminate recombination. It is established that the kinetics of isothermal recombintation luminescence attenuation follow the law I(t)∝t −m for the times under study, where m takes values from 0.65 to 1.05. The first observations of a nonmonotonic change in m with temperature are reported (m passes through a minimum at a certain temperature), and a mechanism is proposed for recombination of charged pairs in PEPC containing intramolecular charge-transfer compounds as an explanation for this phenomenon.
The spin-valve transistor<sup>1</sup> (2000)

The spin-valve transistor is a magnetoelectronic device that can be used as a magnetic field sensor. It has a ferromagnet-semiconductor hybrid structure. Using a vacuum metal bonding technique, the spin-valve transistor structure Si/Pt/NiFe/Au/Co/Au/Si is obtained. It employs hot electron transport across the spin valve (NiFe/Au/Co). The hot electrons are injected into the spin valve across the Si/Pt Schottky diode. After traversing across the spin valve these hot electrons are collected across the Au-Si Schottky diode with energy and momentum selection. The output current is found to be extremely sensitive to the spin-dependent scattering of hot electrons in the spin valve. This gives a magnetocurrent above 200% in a few oersted of magnetic field at room temperature. The different physical effects which govern the output current of the device are examined by studying different types of spin-valve transistors that have Si/Au, Si/Pt and Si/Co collector Schottky diodes and Si(100) and Si(111) orientations. It has been observed that along with the Schottky diodes the vacuum metal bonding also plays an important role in determining the output current. In addition, it is realized that collector diodes with extremely low leakage currents, are essential in order to observe huge magnetotransport properties at room temperature.
Privacy Technologies for Smart Grids - A Survey of Options (2012)

We present the problems associated with protecting privacy in smart grids and survey currently proposed solutions. First we discuss use-cases, the policy environment and the literature on attacks based on monitoring the electricity supply. Then we review the most commonly deployed policy tools, and dive into a detailed survey of privacy technologies for aggregation of readings, billing for consumption and even hiding the consumption from physical adversaries. Keywords-Smart Grid; Smart meter; Privacy Technology;
A Covalent Fluorescent–Gold Immunoprobe: Simultaneous Detection of a Pre-mRNA Splicing Factor by Light and Electron Microscopy (1997)

Immunoprobes that combine a fluorescent label with a 1.4-nm gold cluster compound have been prepared by covalent conjugation with polyclonal antibody Fab' fragments. These new immunoconjugates allow the collection of two complementary sets of data, from fluorescence and electron microscopy, from a single labeling experiment. We find that incorporation of one or more fluorescein moieties into the coordinated ligands of the 1.4-nm Nanogold gold cluster label yields a stable, dual-function immunolabel in which fluorescence quenching is negligible. In a second synthetic strategy, Nanogold and fluorescein were separately covalently conjugated to Fab' fragments to yield a probe with very similar properties. With the use of Fab' fragments, the entire probe is smaller than a whole IgG molecule, and it exhibited excellent penetration properties. It was used to localize the pre-mRNA splicing factor SC35 in the HeLa cell nucleus by both fluorescence and electron microscopy.
A feasibility study of submersible thermal robot glider controller (2012)

Submersible thermal glider is a small gliding AUV robot of 40,000-km operational range which harvests its propulsive energy from the heat flow between the vehicle engine and the thermal gradient of the temperate and tropical of deep-ocean water. In this paper, the design-optimisation of both the glider and the thermal control engine system are discussed including with the design-genesis and approach, field trial results, concept strength, and limitations and potential use.
User interface design by sketching (2010)

User interface design by sketching, as well as other sketching activities, typically involves sketching objects through representations that should combine meaningfulness for the end users and easiness for the recognition engines. To investigate this relationship, a multi-platform user interface design tool has been developed that enables designers to sketch design ideas in multiple levels of fidelity with multi-stroke gestures supporting widget representations and commands. A usability analysis of these activities, as they are submitted to a recognition engine, suggests that the level of fidelity, the amount of constraints imposed on the representations, and the visual difference of representations positively impact the sketching activity as a whole. Implications for further sketch representations in user interface design and beyond are provided based on usability guidelines.
Modulation of doxorubicin resistance by the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity (2011)

How anti-neoplastic agents induce MDR (multidrug resistance) in cancer cells and the role of GSH (glutathione) in the activation of pumps such as the MRPs (MDR-associated proteins) are still open questions. In the present paper we illustrate that a doxorubicin-resistant human colon cancer cell line (HT29-DX), exhibiting decreased doxorubicin accumulation, increased intracellular GSH content, and increased MRP1 and MRP2 expression in comparison with doxorubicin-sensitive HT29 cells, shows increased activity of the PPP (pentose phosphate pathway) and of G6PD (glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase). We observed the onset of MDR in HT29 cells overexpressing G6PD which was accompanied by an increase in GSH. The G6PD inhibitors DHEA (dehydroepiandrosterone) and 6-AN (6-aminonicotinamide) reversed the increase of G6PD and GSH and inhibited MDR both in HT29-DX cells and in HT29 cells overexpressing G6PD. In our opinion, these results suggest that the activation of the PPP and an increased activity of G6PD are necessary to some MDR cells to keep the GSH content high, which is in turn necessary to extrude anticancer drugs out of the cell. We think that our data provide a new further mechanism for GSH increase and its effects on MDR acquisition.
Absolute Oral Bioavailability of Creatine Monohydrate in Rats: Debunking a Myth (2018)

Creatine is an ergogenic compound used by athletes to enhance performance. Supplementation with creatine monohydrate (CM) has been suggested for musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. Until now, little is known about its pharmacokinetic profile. Our objective was to determine the oral bioavailability of CM and the influence of dose on oral absorption. Rats were dosed orally with low dose (10 mg/kg) or high dose (70 mg/kg) <sup>13</sup>C-labeled CM. Blood samples were removed at various time points. Muscle and brain tissue were collected at the conclusion of the study. Plasma and tissue levels of <sup>13</sup>C-labeled creatine were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models of CM were built using GastroPlus™. These models were used to predict the plasma concentration-time profiles of creatine hydrochloride (CHCL), which has improved aqueous solubility compared to CM. Absolute oral bioavailability for low dose CM was 53% while high dose CM was only 16%. The simulated C<sub>max</sub> of 70 mg/kg CHCL was around 35 μg/mL compared to 14 μg/mL for CM with a predicted oral bioavailability of 66% with CHCL compared to 17% with CM. Our results suggest that the oral bioavailability of CM is less than complete and subject to dose and that further examination of improved dosage formulations of creatine is warranted.
Troubleshooting Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator System Malfunctions: The Role of Impedance Measurements (1994)

High impedance measurements may be used to troubleshoot ICD system malfunction. In four different cases a defective system was identified or confirmed by an abnormal impedance: two secondary to lead fractures, one to an adapter faulty connection, and one to a loose set-screw connection. This led to further diagnostic procedures that ultimately localized the difficulty. Though the problems with ICD may be of diverse origins, routine use of impedance measurement for the troubleshooting of these systems may serve as an early sign of malfunction and would point the need for further investigation.
"Aren't we going to write today?": Using parody in grade three (1999)

Parody dates back to ancient Greece.It has proven useful in teaching higher education, high school and intermediate grade stu dents.This article relates how parody is useful with third grade children.Children composed personal and meaningful stories based on selected literature.This article defines the parody process and in cludes comparing parody to other strategies, listening to literature stories, examining picture books, parody procedure, peer editing and learning language.Included are comments or thoughts from students and teacher, one child's story and two lists of parody story starters.To encourage literacy in a diverse and inclusive grade three class room of 31 students, one teacher embarked on writing parodies.The teacher recognized that students needed motivation and encouragement to write.The children also needed to expand language and the facility to use language.Earlier, the teacher became aware of parody through in struction at a local university, and enjoyed the process.The teacher felt students at the elementary level could enjoy and benefit from parody.As applied in this classroom and as defined in the literature, a parody is "a work, often humorous, that imitates another, usually serious, work by burlesque or satire" (Harris and Hodges, 1995, p. 179).In the first phase of the parody process, children frequently created comedic or humorous compositions after reading literature selected by the teacher.Children also chose to write more serious compositions as they gained
Benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-dioxopyrrolothiophen copolymers for high performance solar cells (2010)

New donor/acceptor polymers PBDTDPT1 and PBDTDPT2 with alternating benzodithiophene and N-alkylated dioxopyrrolo-thiophene were synthesized. The new polymers had deep HOMO levels of -5.42 and -5.44 eV for PBDTDPT1 and PBDTDPT2, respectively. A PBDTDPT2 based BHJ solar cell device achieved a PCE of 4.79% and V(oc) of 0.91 V.
Choice of Grating Orientation for Evaluation of Peripheral Vision (2016)

Similar to peripheral resolution, detection also shows a meridional effect that appears to have a neural origin. The threshold difference seen for parallel and perpendicular gratings suggests the use of two oblique gratings as stimuli in alternative forced-choice procedures for peripheral vision evaluation to reduce measurement variation.
Feasibility of mitigating the effects of windfarms on primary radar (2003)

The objectives of the study were to investigate the feasibility of modifying civil and military radars to mitigate the effects from wind turbines, to provide costings for implementing changes to the radar and to produce guidelines for planning wind farms in the vicinity of radars. The effect of wind turbines on radar signals, assessed through computer modelling, is summarised. The key aspects of turbine design that can be modified to minimise these effects are described. A key issue is the fact that no two radar installations are alike, with settings being customised for local requirements. As a consequence, a detailed understanding of the design and features of each individual radar would be required in order to assess the impact of a wind farm proposal. The costs of a programme of modifications to the civil ATC (air traffic control) radar base will depend on many factors. An estimate of costs is provided, based on the assumption that only 30 of the UK radars would need modification and that a range of modifications from very simple to very complex will be required. A number of other approaches, outside of modification of the radar system, may require investigation during a windfarm planning application, such as layout and location of the wind farm or changing air traffic routes in the vicinity of the wind farm.