gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Decoding of Polar Codes on Permuted Factor Graphs (2018)

Polar codes are a channel coding scheme for the next generation of wireless communications standard (5G). The belief propagation (BP) decoder allows for parallel decoding of polar codes, making it suitable for high throughput applications. However, the error-correction performance of polar codes under BP decoding is far from the requirements of 5G. It has been shown that the error-correction performance of BP can be improved if the decoding is performed on multiple permuted factor graphs of polar codes. However, a different BP decoding scheduling is required for each factor graph permutation which results in the design of a different decoder for each permutation. Moreover, the selection of the different factor graph permutations is at random, which prevents the decoder to achieve a desirable error correction performance with a small number of permutations. In this paper, we first show that the permutations on the factor graph can be mapped into suitable permutations on the codeword positions. As a result, we can make use of a single decoder for all the permutations. In addition, we introduce a method to construct a set of predetermined permutations which can provide the correct codeword if the decoding fails on the original permutation. We show that for the 5G polar code of length 1024, the error-correction performance of the proposed decoder is more than 0.25 dB better than that of the BP decoder with the same number of random permutations at the frame error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-4</sup> .
The iron export protein ferroportin 1 is differentially expressed in mouse macrophage populations and is present in the mycobacterial-containing phagosome (2008)

Intracellular pathogens, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, obtain iron from the host for their survival. Ferroportin 1 (FPN1; SLC40A1) is the sole iron exporter from mammalian cells and is expressed in the duodenum and macrophages. In the present study, we show that FPN1 mRNA levels in the mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 are synergistically induced by treatment with live or gamma-irradiated M. tuberculosis and IFN-gamma. FPN1 mRNA levels were also induced by Mycobacterium avium and IFN-gamma in RAW264.7 cells and the mouse alveolar macrophage cell line AMJ2-C8. Treatment of mouse resident peritoneal macrophages with M. tuberculosis and IFN-gamma resulted in a sixfold increase in FPN1 mRNA expression. In contrast, M. tuberculosis and IFN-gamma inhibited FPN1 mRNA expression in bone marrow-derived macrophages and lung macrophages, which have high basal levels of FPN1 mRNA expression. Using confocal microscopy, FPN1 protein localized rapidly to M. tuberculosis phagosomes after infection in RAW264.7 macrophages. In RAW264.7 cells expressing wild-type natural resistance-associated macrophage protein 1 (Nramp1(Gly169)), FPN1 and Nramp1 partially colocalized in late endosomes/lysosomes prior to infection. After 2 h of infection, Nramp1 and FPN1 were present in M. tuberculosis phagosomes. Our studies provide evidence for transcriptional regulation of FPN1 by pathogenic mycobacteria and IFN-gamma, which is dependent on the macrophage type. The trafficking of FPN1 to the M. tuberculosis phagosome suggests that it is involved in regulating iron availability to the mycobacteria in this locale.
A Definitive Pocket Webster List (1974)

When reporting discoveries in recreational linguistics, the careful logologist always specifies the stockpile of words he has used. The most convenient and widely-available stockpile of words are, of course, found in dictionaries. Unfortunately, dictionaries are not always easy to search through for words with certain characteristics, and various types of word lists have been compiled to make the task easier. One of the commonest ways to rearrange a dictionary is to list together all words of the same length. Within each length, words are then listed alphabetically; sometimes (in positional word lists) the alphabetization is done not only on the first letter, but on each of the letters in turn.
Port-Site Recurrence of Cancer Associated With Laparoscopic Diagnosis and Resection: The European Experience (1995)

Port-site recurrences of cancer have drawn attention to the potential risks of laparoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of digestive cancers. The first observations concerned unsuspected gallbladder cancers shown by laparoscopic cholecystectomy for lithiasis. Seventeen cases in patients with advanced or early colon cancer followed. It eventually became clear that all cancers could be the origin of such recurrences, which present as apparently isolated nodules embedded in the wall. These parietal recurrences were well known in open surgery, having been reported for most cancers, but they drew little attention because they usually occur in the context of carcinosis. It must be remembered that digestive cancers in general have a high potential for dissemination and that nearly 30% of patients have micrometastases in the bloodstream, the lymph nodes, the peritoneum, or even the bone marrow. The mechanism of tumor implantation is analogous to development of an inflammatory reaction. Under these conditions, laparoscopic surgery is susceptible to cause neoplastic dissemination for a number of mechanical reasons: CO2 insufflation, tumor manipulation, failure to isolate the tumor, forceful extraction of the surgical specimen, and exsufflation. Multiinstitutional trials of well-defined laparoscopic protocols based on the same oncologic principles as in open surgery should reduce the frequency of tumor cell dissemination and the incidence of port-site recurrences.
A simple method of closing an iatrogenic subclavian arterial puncture (2004)

Central venous catheters are the mainstay in the intensive management of surgical patients today and they have increasingly been applied in different medical specialties and for different clinical indications. It is generally safe to place central venous catheters using anatomic landmarks alone, but there are some possible immediate, early, and late complications related to the implantation technique. One particularly dangerous vascular complication is inadvertent arterial sheath placement. When this occurs in a site that is anatomically non-compressible, sheath removal can necessitate surgery or exposure to a significant risk of haemorrhage with manual pressure. We report a case of a sheath that was inadvertently placed in the subclavian artery and was successfully removed using a percutaneous vascular closure device.
Vorausschauende Sensorik fuer zukuenftige Sicherheitssysteme (1999)

Die fuer die steigenden Sicherheitsanforderungen von morgen wird eine zunehmende Komplexitaet erhalten. Durch eine Verknuepfung mehrerer Funktionalitaeten in einem Sensorsystem und durch eine hohe Modularitaet werden Sensorsysteme den steigenden Anforderungen standhalten koennen. Ein System aus einer Anzahl von Radarsensoren erlaubt eine sichere und zuverlaessige Vorhersage von Unfallsituationen. Die Einsetzbarkeit eines PN-Radars wurde in einem Labordemonstrator nachgewiesen und bietet die Moeglichkeit einer Adaption an die situationsbedingten unterschiedlichen Anforderungen im Kraftfahrzeug. Eine Erweiterung der Funktionalitaet ist in einem solchen System durch den Austausch weniger Komponenten moeglich. (A) Titel in Englisch: Forward looking sensor system for future automotive safety. Beitrag zum Themenbereich Sensorik der Tagung Innovativer Kfz-Insassen- und Partnerschutz der VDI-Gesellschaft Fahrzeug- und Verkehrstechnik, Berlin, 30. September und 1. Oktober 1999. Siehe auch Gesamtaufnahme der Tagung, ITRD-Nummer D344516.
Evaluation of book backpack load during walking (2001)

This investigation evaluated accumulated mean and peak impact forces per stride and per metre associated with two book backpack loads and two cadences during single and double support phases of walking. Thirty college participants randomly performed three trials while either walking a self-selected cadence or fixed cadence without (empty pack) or with a load (15% body mass) carried in a bookbag. The fixed cadence (55.5 steps/min) was regulated by a metronome. A computerized Kistler force platform system (phase-locked timing device) recorded (200 Hz) three-dimensional reaction forces, impulses, and time in single and double support phases. A Panasonic video camera AG-450 was set perpendicular to the plane of walking motion to film (60 Hz) the walking pattern from which stride length and selected kinematic data were determined. Repeated measure ANOVA (p<0.05) determined differences of loads and cadences in walking. Accumulated force was evaluated as impulses per stride and impulses per metre (stress index). When carrying the 15% load, there was a decrease in speed, a decrease in single support time (SST), and an increase in double support time (DST). The impulses per stride significantly increased in DST, and significantly decrease in SST. When impulses were analysed per metre, the stress index signficantly increased in DST, but not during SST. These differences in SST may be important when load stress is applied to the single support leg/foot in any given distance of walking. While stride analysis identifies accumulative forces resulting from varying stride lengths, the stress index provides a standardized measure per metre of the accumulative forces that negate the variances of individual stride lengths, and the index measure can easily represent data for any given distance traversed.
Remote data acquisition, control and analysis using labVIEW front panel and real time engine (2004)

Students and faculty from South Carolina State University (SCSU) are collaborating with the staff at the Pisgah Astronomical Research Institute (PARI) to allow the SMILEY radio telescope to be accessed and controlled over the SCSU Network and the Internet. National Instruments (NI) LabVIEW software package has been used to design a virtual instrument (VI) for the system that has a front panel that will request a users name and password to either view and/or control the SMILEY. To publish the Web page, students used hypertext markup language, Internet Protocol and a Uniform Resource Locator. The earlier versions of LabVIEW provided a number of VI options such as VI server, data socket server, and Visual Basic and Active X to design and develop modules for remote data acquisition and control, usually in a local network. It also required that both the client and server must have LabVIEW and design and development of modules for remote control using the Internet was more involved. The recent LabVIEW 6.1 version introduced remote front panels to view and control a VI in any Web browser. The objective is to discuss the design, development and testing of VI modules using LabVIEW front panel and real-time engine. This work was funded in part by a PAIR (Partnership Award for the Integration of Research) grant from NASA-MURED to SCSU under NCC 5-454.
SAT03-3: Joint Time Slot Optimization and Fair Bandwidth Allocation for DVB-RCS Systems (2006)

This paper introduces a novel operational framework for the problem of time slot assignment in a digital video broadcast-return channel via satellite (DVB-RCS) system. The approach is compliant with the latest technical specifications emitted by the European telecommunications standards institute (ETSI) about quality of service (QoS) in satellite earth stations and systems (SES). It is a cross-layer MAC-PHY optimization approach sustained by the powerful framework of convex optimization. The paper proposes a hierarchical dynamic bandwidth allocation approach, which is motivated by the computational complexity of the single-step solution. More specifically, we obtain and analyze the optimal time duration of the time slots and jointly, we make a fair allocation of slots to areas, which is the highest level in the bandwidth allocation hierarchy. Results show up to a 10% increase in transported capacity.
Laser processing of thin films (review) (1976)

A review is given of technological developments and physical investigations relating to laser processing of thin films. It is pointed out that this application is one of the most promising in modern laser technology. Special attention is paid to special features of the action of laser radiation on thin-film objects and to general relationships governing the destructive effects. This is used as a basis for the formulation of the criteria which should govern the choice of the laser, optical system, and optimal characteristics of the laser beam.
HealthPal: an intelligent personal medical assistant for supporting the self-monitoring of healthcare in the ageing society (2006)

Abstract. In this paper we introduce HealthPal, an intelligent dialogue-based mobile health monitoring system, which aims at supporting the elderly people who lack IT skills into monitoring their health condition on a daily basis, in their preferred environments and without relying on the assistance of their caretakers. HealthPal is a software application that we have designed in order to assist the ageing society take care of their health related needs in an independent and autonomous manner. The most innovative feature of the HealthPal system is the dialogue-based application that it incorporates and which enables the effective interaction between the system and the user even if the latter has no technology skills at all. This paper discusses the system architecture and usage scenarios, while commenting on the expected social impact of the system on the ageing society in general.
A Method for High-power Stereoscopic Microscopy (1957)

ABSTRACT An expanded account is given of a simple modification to an ordinary beamsplitting microscope, which renders it stereoscopic. The full aperture of the objective is used, so the method is applicable to all powers of the microscope. The method involves dividing the lower focal plane of the condenser into left and right halves with opposite polarization by means of Polaroid, and isolating the two resulting beams in the eyepieces with Polaroid analysers. This system, first published by Jackson (1944−9), gives excellent results with the highest powers of the microscope, but appears to have been forgotten. This paper is written in the hope of re-introducing it.
Cyrtosperma (Araceae) does not occur in China (2003)

earliest record of Cyrtosperma Griffith in China was made based on a collection from Hainan, W. T. Tsang 553 = L. U. 16052. This collection was identified as Cyrtosperma lasioides Griffith by E. D. Merrill and its duplicates were sent to different herbaria in China and other countries. Since then this genus has been formally recorded or mentioned in various works, such as the Flora of Hainan, Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae, A Dictionary of the Families and Genera of Chinese Seed Plants, and C. Y. Wu's paper entitled The Areal-types of Chinese Genera of Seed Plants as well. Close examination of different sheets of W. T. Tsang 553 separately kept in E, IBSC and K, which all have a sagittate leaf and an infructescence lacking spathe, has shown that the plant is not a member of Cyrtosperma by having three leaf-blades, with the two postior divisions much shorter than the anterior one, and anatropous ovule from apical placenta: We consider that W. T. Tsang 553 should be referred to Lasia spinosa (L.) Thwaites and thus the genus Cyrtosperma does not occur in China.
Do Consumers Expect Companies to be Socially Responsible? The Impact of Corporate Social Responsibility on Buying Behavior (2001)

Companies are facing increasing pressure to both maintain profitability and behave in socially responsible ways, yet researchers have provided little information on how corporate social responsibility impacts profitability. This paper reports the findings from in‐depth interviews of consumers to determine their views concerning the social responsibilities of companies. A typology of consumers whose purchasing behavior ranges from unresponsive to highly responsive to corporate social responsibility was developed from the analysis.
A 500 MHz 1.5 MB cache with on-chip CPU (2003)

The access time, latency, and yield of embedded caches limit present generation processors to incorporate approximately 128 kB of memory. This 1.8 ns access time four-way-set-associative on-chip 1 MB data cache (D-cache) and 1.6 ns access time four-way-set-associative on-chip 0.5 MB instruction cache (I-cache) allow single-cycle access with up to three stores or loads executed every cycle. The caches communicate with the CPU over two 64 b data busses and a 128 b instruction bus running at the processor clock frequency of 500 MHz for 16 GB/s total effective bandwidth.
The Efficacy and Adverse Events of Testosterone Replacement Therapy in Hypogonadal Men: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trials (2018)

In hypogonadal men TRT improves sexual desire, erectile function, and sexual satisfaction, however it increases the risk of erythrocytosis.
A Study on Game Play Design Using Elements of Cognitive Psychology (2003)

Game play is a procedure of playing the game following the results of choices existing in the game. Such games are generally implemented not by certain rules and techniques like other designs but by abilities and experiences of game designers. In this paper we propose a design method of game play through possibility reasoning and distributions using elements of cognitive psychology which are 'a theory about problem solving' and 'a theory about reasoning and decision'. These two theories are very closely related to game play which has the procedure of solving problem of continuous choices and their results.
Isomerization polymerization of β‐propiolactones carrying side‐chain ester groups (1983)

Abstract Based on our recent discovery of the isomerization polymerization of β‐(2‐acetoxyethyl)‐β‐propiolactone into poly‐δ‐ester, 1,2 we examined the generality of this phenomenon by using two related monomers. The catalysts were (EtAlO) n and Et(ZnO) 2 ZnEt. The side‐chains in the monomers selected were the (CH 3 ) 2 CHCOOCH 2 CH 2 (2) and (CH 3 )CICHCOOCH 2 CH 2 (3) groups in which steric effects are almost identical but electronic effects are in opposition. The monomers yielded isomerized poly‐δ‐ester units, depending on the terminal substituent groups in the side‐chain. These observations can be interpreted with the bicyclic intermediate proposed in the earlier work. Monomer (2) was reactive and produced a poly‐δ‐ester structure most readily, probably because of the higher electron density at the side‐chain ester group which coordinated with the catalyst. In contrast, monomer (3) was less reactive, and the probability of isomerization was the lowest, i.e., the electron deficient side‐chain ester group apparently interfered with the formation of the intermediate, especially in the Zn‐catalysis. Equibinary random copolymers were prepared from (2) and (3) according to the catalyst and polymerization conditions chosen.
Statistical outlook into the physics of failure for copper low-k intra-metal dielectric breakdown (2009)

The degradation of low-k dielectrics is analyzed from a trap-assisted tunneling (TAT) current perspective assuming a Poole-Frenkel (P-F) conduction mechanism. A robust probabilistic failure model is developed which accounts for the development of traps at the low-k-SiN capping layer interface which is believed to be the weak link for evolution of low-k dielectric failure mechanisms. The developed model also accounts for the bond breaking phenomenon as dangling bonds are suggested to be the functional form of trap centers during the evolution of the percolation path. The new model is observed to provide an accurate fit to the failure data in the literature. The statistical nature of time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) failure is shown to be dependent on the definition of failure and based on the conventional definition of catastrophic leakage current increase, we show that the Lognormal distribution is inapplicable and that the Weibull stochastics needs to be used. Statistical analysis of TDDB data clearly indicates the presence of bimodal failure distributions indicating the presence of two failure mechanisms. Further investigation is necessary to uncover the nature and physics governing these different failure mechanisms. A three-parameter Weibull model is suggested to be appropriate for modeling Cu-induced TDDB failures where an incubation time exists for Cu out-diffusion.
α-Melanocyte-stimulating Hormone Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-induced Tumor Necrosis Factor-α Production in Leukocytes by Modulating Protein Kinase A, p38 Kinase, and Nuclear Factor κB Signaling Pathways (2003)

The neuropeptide alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) inhibits inflammation by down-regulating the expression of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in leukocytes via stimulation of alpha-MSH cell surface receptors. However, the signaling mechanism of alpha-MSH action has not yet been clearly elucidated. Here, we have investigated signaling pathways by which alpha-MSH inhibits lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced TNF-alpha production in leukocytes such as THP-1 cells. We focused on the possible roles of protein kinase A (PKA), p38 kinase, and nuclear factor kappa B (NF kappa B) signaling. In THP-1 cells, LPS is known to activate p38 kinase, which in turn activates NF kappa B to induce TNF-alpha production. We found that pretreatment of cells with alpha-MSH blocked LPS-induced p38 kinase and NF kappa B activation as well as TNF-alpha production. This response was proportional to alpha-MSH receptor expression levels, and addition of an alpha-MSH receptor antagonist abolished the inhibitory effects. In addition, alpha-MSH treatment activated PKA, and PKA inhibition abrogated the inhibitory effects of alpha-MSH on p38 kinase activation, NF kappa B activation, and TNF-alpha production. Taken together, our results indicate that stimulation of PKA by alpha-MSH causes inhibition of LPS-induced activation of p38 kinase and NF kappa B to block TNF-alpha production.
The prediction of early preeclampsia: Results from a longitudinal proteomics study (2019)

We have presented herein a catalogue of proteome changes in maternal plasma proteome that precede the diagnosis of preeclampsia and can distinguish among early and late phenotypes. The sensitivity of maternal plasma protein models for early preeclampsia is higher in women with underlying vascular placental disease and in those with a severe phenotype.
Tumor-derived exosomal miR-1247-3p induces cancer-associated fibroblast activation to foster lung metastasis of liver cancer (2018)

The communication between tumor-derived elements and stroma in the metastatic niche has a critical role in facilitating cancer metastasis. Yet, the mechanisms tumor cells use to control metastatic niche formation are not fully understood. Here we report that in the lung metastatic niche, high-metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells exhibit a greater capacity to convert normal fibroblasts to cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) than low-metastatic HCC cells. We show high-metastatic HCC cells secrete exosomal miR-1247-3p that directly targets B4GALT3, leading to activation of β1-integrin-NF-κB signaling in fibroblasts. Activated CAFs further promote cancer progression by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6 and IL-8. Clinical data show high serum exosomal miR-1247-3p levels correlate with lung metastasis in HCC patients. These results demonstrate intercellular crosstalk between tumor cells and fibroblasts is mediated by tumor-derived exosomes that control lung metastasis of HCC, providing potential targets for prevention and treatment of cancer metastasis.