gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Observations of negative resistance associated with superlinear emission characteristics of (Al, Ga) As double-heterostructure lasers (1980)

Observations are reported of the electrical and optical behavior exhibited by stripe-geometry, proton-bombardment-delineated, (Al, Ga)As double-heterostructure junction lasers, whose output power shows an abrupt, nearly discontinuous increase as a function of input current. When operated within this superlinear regime (in addition to exhibiting self-induced intensity pulsations) the output power averaged over many pulsations fluctuates randomly between levels corresponding to the intensities at either end of the superlinear range. A negative resistance which is light induced and associated with the lasing optical field accompanies the superlinearity, as does motion of the lasing filament along the junction plane. The low temperature behavior of the negative resistance shows that non-ohmic conduction mechanisms are present in the laser material. However, axially nonuniform changes in the luminescence observed through the substrate indicate that saturable optical absorption in the active layer at the laser mirror faces may be the predominate cause of the superlinearity and negative resistance. The development of these effects with aging may be arrested by mirror facet coatings applied before bonding.
A fully integrated high security NFC target IC using 0.18 &#x03BC;m CMOS process (2011)

We present a fully-integrated compact (1.1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) target device for Near Field Communication (NFC). The design of the key analog part of the tag IC is presented, which includes a robust demodulator for 10% ASK envelope detection, a high-quality random number generator, an adaptive RF limiter, and a low power clock generator. A 128 bit advanced encryption standard (AES) with new cyclic key generation is used for secure data encryption and decryption. An on-chip 4Kb EEPROM is used to support the AES operation. The tag chip is fabricated in a 1-poly 6-metal low-power (LP) 0.18 μm CMOS process with a CoSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> -Schottky diode and EEPROM process.
Lipoprotein binding to cultured human hepatoma cells. (1987)

Binding of various 125I-lipoproteins to hepatic receptors was studied on cultured human hepatoma cells (Hep G2). Chylomicrons, isolated from a chylothorax, chylomicron remnants, hypertriglyceridemic very low-density lipoproteins, normotriglyceridemic very low-density lipoproteins (NTG-VLDL), their remnants, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), and HDL-E (an Apo E-rich high-density lipoprotein isolated from the plasma of a patient with primary biliary cirrhosis) were bound by high-affinity receptors. Chylomicron remnants and HDL-E were bound with the highest affinity. The results, obtained from competitive binding experiments, are consistent with the existence of two distinct receptors on Hep G2 cells: (a) a remnant receptor capable of high-affinity binding of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins and HDL-E, but not of Apo E free LDL, and (b) a LDL receptor capable of high-affinity binding of LDL, NTG-VLDL, and HDL-E. Specific binding of Apo E-free LDL was completely abolished in the presence of 3 mM EDTA, indicating that binding to the LDL receptor is calcium dependent. Specific binding of chylomicron remnants was not inhibited by the presence of even 10 mM EDTA. Preincubation of the Hep G2 cells in lipoprotein-containing medium resulted in complete suppression of LDL receptors but did not affect the remnant receptors. Hep G2 cells seem to be a suitable model for the study of hepatic receptors for lipoprotein in man.
Therapeutic Implications from Sensitivity Analysis of Tumor Angiogenesis Models (2015)

Anti-angiogenic cancer treatments induce tumor starvation and regression by targeting the tumor vasculature that delivers oxygen and nutrients. Mathematical models prove valuable tools to study the proof-of-concept, efficacy and underlying mechanisms of such treatment approaches. The effects of parameter value uncertainties for two models of tumor development under angiogenic signaling and anti-angiogenic treatment are studied. Data fitting is performed to compare predictions of both models and to obtain nominal parameter values for sensitivity analysis. Sensitivity analysis reveals that the success of different cancer treatments depends on tumor size and tumor intrinsic parameters. In particular, we show that tumors with ample vascular support can be successfully targeted with conventional cytotoxic treatments. On the other hand, tumors with curtailed vascular support are not limited by their growth rate and therefore interruption of neovascularization emerges as the most promising treatment target.
An experimental study of irritant effects of urea in different vehicles (1992)

The properties of urea as an irritant were investigated. Seventeen healthy volunteers were patch tested with 20% urea using petrolatum and water, respectively, as vehicles. Irritant effects of urea were assessed by clinical evaluation of patch test reactions as well as by various non-invasive methods. The inflammatory response was quantified by laser Doppler flowmetry measuring the superficial blood flow, and by ultrasound A-scan reflecting the edema formation. Impairment of the barrier function was indicated by measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL). It is concluded that 20% urea in petrolatum applied under occlusion for 24 h elicits significant inflammation (i.e. increase in blood flow and skin thickness) and causes impairment of the skin barrier (i.e. increased TEWL). The irritant impact of urea on the skin depends upon the vehicle used, the irritant effect being intensified when urea is dispensed in petrolatum compared with water.
Primary care and the asymptomatic HIV patient. (1991)

Most patients with HIV infections are asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic. Primary care physicians can play a unique and vital role in their care. They should: 1. Look for cases. Treatment can prevent or delay progression of disease. 2. Know how to interpret the serologic tests for HIV infection. 3. Collect an adequate data base to assess extent and severity of disease and screen for certain coexisting infections. 4. Intervene appropriately with counseling and prophylactic therapy. 5. Refer early when neoplasia, opportunistic infections, or diagnostic uncertainties occur.
DDX3 Interacts with Influenza A Virus NS1 and NP Proteins and Exerts Antiviral Function through Regulation of Stress Granule Formation (2016)

DDX3 is a multifunctional RNA helicase and has been reported to be involved in regulating various virus life cycles. However, its function during influenza A virus infection remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that DDX3 is capable of interacting with influenza virus NS1 and NP proteins; DDX3 and NP colocalize in the del NS1 virus-induced SGs. Furthermore, knockdown of DDX3 impaired SG formation and led to a decreased virus titer. Thus, we provided evidence that DDX3 is an antiviral protein during influenza virus infection and its antiviral activity is through regulation of SG formation. Our findings provide knowledge about the function of DDX3 in the influenza virus life cycle and information for future work on manipulating the SG pathway and its components to fight influenza virus infection.
Azathioprine for Long-Term Maintenance of Remission in Autoimmune Hepatitis (1995)

Many patients with autoimmune hepatitis who have been in complete remission for at least one year with prednisolone and azathioprine can remain in remission with a higher dose of azathioprine alone.
Effectiveness of Sodium Picosulfate/Magnesium Citrate (PICO) for Colonoscopy Preparation (2014)

Group A exhibited a better result than group B or group C in patient satisfaction and preference. In the cleansing quality, no difference was noted between groups A and C.
An oncornavirus isolated from human cancer cell line (1973)

A virus has been isolated from a clone of continuous cell line that was derived from human cancer tissue (HEp-2 cells). The clone of HEp-2 cells retains human Karyotype and has no heterogeneous contamination. Injection of the cells and the virus into mice of C3H/Sn, C3H/H2P, BaLB/c lines and into newborn hamsters did not produce tumors in animals. Intracellular virus possesses morphological characteristics of oncornaviruses type A and B; extracellular virus has the properties of oncornaviruses type B. The virus bands at ϱ = 1.16 g/ml in sucrose density gradients, and the production of it is inhibited by actinomycin D. The virions contain reverse transcriptase, and the products of reaction are double-stranded DNA and RNA:DNA hybrids. The virus is immunologically distinct from mouse mammary tumor virus. Possible human origin of the virus is discussed.
Estimation and Analysis of Groundwater Becharge in Korea (1996)

The objective of this study is to estimate groundwater recharge as an index of available water in the groundwater aquifers. Twenty stream gauging stations with watershed areas of in six river basins were selected for analysis. Groundwater recession curves which were selected from daily runoff hydrographs are used to analyze the characteristics of recession and to estimate groundwater recharge. Groundwater recession was found to occur each year during two periods in the river basins studied: April through early July and September through late February. Groundwater recharge was estimated from the daily hydrographs. The relationships between groundwater recharge, precipitation and watershed area were analyzed in each river basin. The amount of precipitation which produced no recharge was also estimated from the relationship between precipitation and groundwater recharge. This value is defined as 'Marginal Precipitation for Groundwater Recharge(MPGR)'. It was found that MPGR during the period of January through September was nearly equal to the actual evaportranspiration during the same period. There is very few direct relationship between the recharge and the size of watershed area in each river basin in this study. Therefore the groundwater recharge estimated from a few stations with reliable hydrographs may suffice to represent the recharge of each concerning river basin.
Scrubbing of CO<sub>2</sub> Greenhouse Gases, Accompanied by Precipitation in a Continuous Bubble-Column Scrubber (2008)

A continuous bubble-column scrubber that absorbs carbon dioxide (CO2) gas using an alkaline solution under a pH-stat condition was used to explore the effects of the pH of the solution, gas concentration, gas-superficial velocity, and liquid-flow rate on the absorption rate and volumetric mass-transfer coefficient of CO2. When the scrubbing factor was evaluated, this scrubber outperformed other scrubbers. Correlations of local volumetric mass-transfer coefficients with process variables are presented here and the gas−liquid interfacial area and individual mass-transfer coefficient are discussed to provide insight into the mass-transfer mechanism. Investigation of the liquid-side mass transfer coefficient revealed that the kL/[OH−]0.5 value was a constant, thus demonstrating that the system obeyed second-order kinetics. Evidence also shows that liquid-side resistances are within the range of 27%−99%, indicating that gas-side mass-transfer resistance cannot be neglected in some cases. This implies that the absorption mechanism is flexible and can be shifted by adjusting the process parameters.
Carbon Fibers Obtained by Thermal Decomposition of Vaporized Hydrocarbon (1972)

Carbon fibers are successfully grown on ceramic and/or graphite substrates through thermal decomposition of vaporized hydrocarbons at temperatures from 1100°C to 1300°C. The diameter ranges from 3 to 100 µm and the length 10 to 25 cm. Appropriate conditions for the growth of such long fibers are described. Some branched and crossed structures were observed in the fibers. Morphological and structural studies are made by means of optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, and X-ray diffraction. It leads to a conclusion that these carbon fibers are composed of cylindrical layers and scrolls of thin aromatic films aligned parallel to the fiber axis. There are two kinds of fibers with smooth and rough surfaces as illustrated in the accompanying photographs. The electrical resistivity, the tensile strength and the Young's modulus are found to be 1–2×10-3 ton-cm2, 4–34 ton/cm2 and 2–4×103 ton/cm2 respectively.
An Effective Method of Treating Long‐Enduring Wounds and Ulcers by Topical Applications of Solutions of Nutrients (1981)

A safe and effective method of improving repair and controlling infection of wounds is presented. It consists of debridement daily and application topically of a balanced solution of salts, amino acids, a high-molecular weight, D-glucose polysaccharide, and ascorbic acid. Wounds of several causes were treated, namely, second- and third-degree thermal burns, decubitus, varicose, and stasis ulcers, and diabetic lesions. Local infection was controlled early and the majority of the cases responded with quick formation of highly vascular, smooth, infection-free granulation tissue and centripetal epithelial growth. Small- and medium-sized lesions healed spontaneously in 4 to 8 weeks. Larger lesions were readily managed with autografts of skin as soon as satisfactory beds were obtained.
Release of weak and strong copper‐complexing agents by algae1 (1979)

By means of potentiometric titrations, the copper‐complexing properties of organic compounds released by 21 algal species are characterized. Most eucaryotic species released measurable amounts (10 −6 M) of copper‐complexing agents that could be modeled as weak organic acids with log{* K CuL } = 0.5. Of seven blue‐green algal species studied, four produced about 5 × 10 −7 M concentrations of strong copper‐complexing agents with conditional stability constants in the range 10 8 to 10 12 ; two produced complexing agents similar to those produced by the eucaryotes. In time‐course experiments with three chlorophytes and two cyanophytes, the release of measurable concentrations of copper‐complexing agents occurred principally during stationary phase.
Two-Dimensional Confinement of Nanorods in Block Copolymer Domains (2007)

Gold nanorods (NRs) self-orient during the self-assembly of a symmetric poly(styrene-b-methyl methacrylate) (PS-b-PMMA) film. The NRs are selectively sequestered and confined in lamellar PMMA domains, which are narrower than the NR length. This confinement orients 71% of NRs within +/- 5 degrees of the lamella plane. During solvent annealing, a gradient in the concentration of NRs is observed. This route to produce alternating layers containing conducting NRs separated by dielectric domains has the potential for fabricating self-assembled nanodevices.
Arachidonic Acid, Neurotrauma, and Neurodegenerative Diseases (1997)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are important constituents of membrane phospholipids throughout the central nervous system (CNS). They serve not only to maintain the fluid crystalline state of the lipid bilayer, but also to provide the membrane with adequate flexibility necessary to stabilize regions of high curvature. The functional properties of such membranes include: maintaining suitable ion permeability, providing a substrate for cellular signal transduction, and participating in biosynthetic pathways. Since approximately half of the dry weight of neural tissue in the CNS is lipid, with a large portion being phospholipid, a considerable amount of investigation has focused on studying the relationship between lipid structure and neural function. Advances include the involvement of the inositides, phosphatidylcholine, and, recently, sphingomyelin in signal transduction processes. The functions of fatty acid metabolites (eicosanoids) and other nonmembrane lipids (steroid hormones) have also been studied quite extensively and have been shown to influence cellular function.
Biological imaging without autofluorescence in the second near-infrared region (2015)

Fluorescence imaging is capable of acquiring anatomical and functional information with high spatial and temporal resolution. This imaging technique has been indispensable in biological research and disease detection/diagnosis. Imaging in the visible and to a lesser degree, in the near-infrared (NIR) regions below 900 nm, suffers from autofluorescence arising from endogenous fluorescent molecules in biological tissues. This autofluorescence interferes with fluorescent molecules of interest, causing a high background and low detection sensitivity. Here, we report that fluorescence imaging in the 1,500–1,700-nm region (termed “NIR-IIb”) under 808-nm excitation results in nearly zero tissue autofluorescence, allowing for background-free imaging of fluorescent species in otherwise notoriously autofluorescent biological tissues, including liver. Imaging of the intrinsic fluorescence of individual fluorophores, such as a single carbon nanotube, can be readily achieved with high sensitivity and without autofluorescence background in mouse liver within the 1,500–1,700-nm wavelength region.
Infrared, Raman, and Near-Infrared Spectroscopic Evidence for the Coexistence of Various Hydrogen-Bond Forms in Poly(acrylic acid) (1997)

Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR), near-infrared (NIR)-excited FT-Raman, and FT-NIR spectra have been measured for poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) in a cast film over a temperature range of 40−140 °C, to investigate structures of hydrogen bonds and their dissociation. The CO stretching bands in the FT-IR spectra are unraveled by a prevalent multiple species model for small aliphatic acids with various kinds of associated forms of carboxylic acid groups, namely cyclic dimer, linearly associated oligomers of COOH, and free COOH groups. These different structures of hydrogen bond persist even when the temperature rises well above the glass transition temperature. The FT-Raman spectra confirm the existence of such COOH groups. Temperature-dependent intensity changes in the first overtone of an OH stretching mode of PAA reveal that the COOH groups dissociate significantly at high temperatures. We propose that the coexistence of various possible hydrogen-bond forms analogous to those in small aliphatic acids best interprets the vibrational spectral features of PAA. The oligomeric chains of COOH groups in PAA may explain the previously proposed cooperative hydrogen bond in PAA or polymer blends containing PAA.
A novel biological effect of platelet factor 4 (PF4): enhancement of LPS-induced tissue factor activity in monocytes (1995)

In a previous study we have shown that granulocytes enhance lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced tissue factor (TF) activity in monocytes in a platelet-dependent reaction. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the role of a platelet activation product, platelet factor 4 (PF4), in LPS-induced TF activity in monocytes. Platelet lysate supernatant, purified PF4, and the COOH-terminal tridecapeptide of PF4, termed PF4(58-70), enhanced LPS-induced TF activity in monocytes of whole blood dose dependently. A monoclonal antibody against P-selectin eliminated the enhancing effect of PF4(58-70) on LPS-induced TF activity in monocytes, and PF4(58-70) was shown to act synergistically with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha). However, PF4(58-70) did not enhance TNF-alpha secretion in LPS-stimulated whole blood. The major effect of PF4(58-70) was granulocyte dependent. Our results suggest that PF4 might play an important role in LPS-stimulated monocyte TF activity of whole blood.
Special features of non-melanoma skin cancer in Hong Kong Chinese patients: 10-year retrospective study. (2001)

When compared with reported findings in Caucasians, Chinese patients show differences in the clinical type and multiplicity of lesions, predisposing factors, recurrence, and subsequent new skin cancer rates for non-melanoma skin cancer. Pigmented basal cell carcinoma seems to be an important differential diagnosis with regard to pigmented lesions in the Chinese population.
Study on Surface Settlement Law of Shield Construction in Mudstone Stratum (2021)

Abstract In order to explore the influence of groundwater on the surface settlement law of shield construction under mudstone with different weathering degrees, this paper studies the influence of buried depth on surface settlement under different weathered mudstone, and the influence law of groundwater in stratum and different depths of water level on settlement of shield construction using a three-dimensional(3D) numerical model establish by finite element software based on the engineering background of Chengdu Metro Line 18. The results show that: (1) With the increase of buried depth, the range of lateral settlement trough on the surface gradually increases, but the maximum settlement gradually decreases. By analyzing the buried depth and the maximum surface settlement, it is found that the buried depth ratio has a logarithmic relationship with the corresponding maximum surface settlement. (2) The construction settlement increases obviously when there is groundwater in the stratum compared with when there is no groundwater. (3) The depth of water level above the vault and the maximum settlement caused by shield construction basically conform to the linear law. For every 1m increase in the depth of water level above the vault, the maximum settlement value can increase by about 0.43 mm. Compared with the field monitoring data, the calculation results are basically consistent, which shows the reliability of the calculation. This paper aims to provide experience for similar projects.
The Lexical Database (1998)

with a preface by George Miller WordNet, an electronic lexical database, is considered to be the most important resource available to researchers in computational linguistics, text analysis, and many related areas. Its design is inspired by current psycholinguistic and computational theories of human lexical memory. English nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs are organized into synonym sets, each representing one underlying lexicalized concept. Different relations link the synonym sets.The purpose of this volume is twofold. First, it discusses the design of WordNet and the theoretical motivations behind it. Second, it provides a survey of representative applications, including word sense identification, information retrieval, selectional preferences of verbs, and lexical chains.Contributors : Reem Al-Halimi, Robert C. Berwick, J. F. M. Burg, Martin Chodorow, Christiane Fellbaum, Joachim Grabowski, Sanda Harabagiu, Marti A. Hearst, Graeme Hirst, Douglas A. Jones, Rick Kazman, Karen T. Kohl, Shari Landes, Claudia Leacock, George A. Miller, Katherine J. Miller, Dan Moldovan, Naoyuki Nomura, Uta Priss, Philip Resnik, David St-Onge, Randee Tengi, Reind P. van de Riet, Ellen Voorhees.
The Effect of Texturing the Intraocular Lens Edge on Postoperative Glare Symptoms (2002)

Photic phenomena can be significantly reduced by texturing the edge of a square-edged profile AcrySof intraocular lens.
Electrochemical Delineation of Tungsten Films for Microelectronic Devices (1971)

A process is described for delineating high resolution patterns in tungsten films on semiconductor device wafers. The process is based on high‐speed anodic dissolution in alkaline ferricyanide electrolyte of exposed tungsten on a photoresist masked wafer. Slow chemical etching in the same solution occurs simultaneously with the electroetching to remove isolated residual areas of tungsten. The effects of important process variables are discussed, and optimized conditions are presented. The process is capable of accurately defining patterns in several‐micrometer thick tungsten suitable for metallization and intraconnection patterns on transistor and integrated circuit wafers The technique is also suitable for patterning tungsten and molybdenum foils. The capability and applicability of the process is illustrated with photomicrographs of representative devices.