gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tree-based reparameterization analysis of belief propagation and related algorithms for approximate inference on graphs with cycles (2003)

Although it is straightforward to compute the marginals of a distribution p(x) defined by a tree-structured graphical model, this same task is often difficult for graphs with cycles. The belief propagation (BP) or sum-product algorithm is an approximate method for computing such marginals; it is used in various applications (e.g., iterative decoding of turbo and LDPC codes). Belief propagation is typically presented and analyzed as a sequence of message-passing operations. We develop a different conceptual perspective that involves reparameterizing the original distribution in terms of so-called pseudomarginals on cliques of the graph. This view gives rise to a simple characterization of the fixed points, as well as an exact expression and bounds on the error for an arbitrary graph with cycles.
Improving the Solubility of Agomelatine via Cocrystals (2012)

Four cocrystals of agomelatine with urea (1), glycolic acid (2), isonicotinamide (3), and methyl4-hydroxybenzoate (4) in 1:1 stoichiometry were successfully synthesized via six kinds of synthons. The structures of 1–4 were determined by the single crystal X-ray diffraction, in which 1–3 form two-dimensional hydrogen bonded frameworks between agomelatine and coformers, while 4 displays a one-dimensional chain structure. The results of differential scanning calorimetry measurements indicate that the melting points of 1–3 are between those of agomelatine and coformers, while the melting point of 4 is below those of agomelatine and coformer. After the formations of cocrystals, the solubility of agomelatine is much improved, and the solubility values of 1–4 in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 are approximately 2.2, 2.9, 4.7, and 3.5 times as large as that of agomelatine Form II, and 1.6, 2.1, 3.4, and 2.5 times as large as that of agomelatine Form I. The solids of 1–4 can keep their crystalline forms in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 for 3.5, 2.0, 6.0, and 15.0 h, respectively.
The utilization of data mining analytics to enhance the return on investment of online document repositories (2004)

This research paper addresses the utilization of complementary technologies to more effectively identify and accommodate market demand for knowledge resources available in a document repository.More specifically, it investigates the utilization of data mining methodologies to better identify consumer purchasing patterns for engineering based documents which are available via an e-commerce platform.Document repositories often possess voluminous sources of value added information for a given marketplace, however one drawback to this resource is that consumers often do not have the time to fully and effectively search existing documentation.One way to overcome this is through the incorporation of data mining technologies that identify consumer preferences and purchasing propensities.With this information, e-commerce platforms can more effectively direct consumers to existing resources that are available within a document repository.The result is a higher volume of sales for existing customer visits and increased customer satisfaction.
Roles of Car Passenger Transport on Mobility of Elderly People (1994)

GETTING A RIDE IN A FAMILY MEMBER'S CAR IS AN IMPORTANT MODE OF ELDERLY TRANSPORTATION, ESPECIALLY FOR THOSE WITH MOBILITY HANDICAP. HOWEVER THAT KIND OF TRANSPOTATION MIGHT BE UNEXPECTED IN THE NEAR FUTURE, SINCE THE NUMBER OF SINGLE AND COUPLE ELDERLY HOUSEHOLD RELATIVELY INCREASES. ALTHOUGH NUMBER OF ELDERLY DRIVERS IS EXPECTED TO INCREASE RAPIDLY IN THE FUTURE, THE ISSUE HOW TO CREATE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION SERVICES THAT CAN OFFER AN APPROPRIATE LEVEL OF MOBILITY FOR ELDERLY NON-DRIVERS, IS STILL REMAINED. TAXI SHARING AND OTHER SUCH PROGRAMS NEED TO BE INTRODUCED TO MEET LOCAL PIBLIC-TRANSPORT NEED. THE PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT PAPER IS TO MAKE CLEAR ROLES OF CAR PASSENGER TRANSPORT ON MOBILITY OF ELDERLY PEOPLE AND INVESTIGATE THE POSIBILITY OF TAXI SHARING.
Design of luciferase-displaying protein nanoparticles for use as highly sensitive immunoassay detection probes (2016)

In this study, we developed a protein nanoparticle-based immunoassay to detect cancer biomarkers using a bioluminescent fusion protein. This method relies on the use of protein nanoparticles comprised of genetically-engineered elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs) fused with poly-aspartic acid tails (ELP-D), previously developed in our lab. The sizes of the self-assembled ELP-D nanoparticles can be regulated at the nanoscale by charged repulsion of the poly-aspartic acid chains. To improve the sensitivity of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), we herein demonstrate the multivalent display of NanoLuc® (Nluc) luciferase and a biotin acceptor peptide (BAP) on the surfaces of ELP-D nanoparticles, and demonstrate the sensitivity of these multivalent nanoparticles as detection probes. The fusion protein comprised of ELP-D and Nluc-BAP (ELP-D-Nluc-BAP) was found to form nanoparticles with Nluc and BAP displayed multivalently on their surfaces. Moreover, the use of the nanoparticles in ELISA resulted in a detection sensitivity for α-fetoprotein (AFP) about 10 times higher than that of an assay relying on the use of the monomeric version of the fusion protein. Taken together, ELP-D-based nanoparticles displaying multivalent luciferases on their surfaces enable the construction of an ELISA with enhanced sensitivity.
Learning to Evade Static PE Machine Learning Malware Models via Reinforcement Learning (2018)

Machine learning is a popular approach to signatureless malware detection because it can generalize to never-before-seen malware families and polymorphic strains. This has resulted in its practical use for either primary detection engines or for supplementary heuristic detection by anti-malware vendors. Recent work in adversarial machine learning has shown that deep learning models are susceptible to gradient-based attacks, whereas non-differentiable models that report a score can be attacked by genetic algorithms that aim to systematically reduce the score. We propose a more general framework based on reinforcement learning (RL) for attacking static portable executable (PE) anti-malware engines. The general framework does not require a differentiable model nor does it require the engine to produce a score. Instead, an RL agent is equipped with a set of functionality-preserving operations that it may perform on the PE file. Through a series of games played against the anti-malware engine, it learns which sequences of operations are likely to result in evading the detector for any given malware sample. This enables completely black-box attacks against static PE anti-malware, and produces functional evasive malware samples as a direct result. We show in experiments that our method can attack a gradient-boosted machine learning model with evasion rates that are substantial and appear to be strongly dependent on the dataset. We demonstrate that attacks against this model appear to also evade components of publicly hosted antivirus engines. Adversarial training results are also presented: by retraining the model on evasive ransomware samples, a subsequent attack is 33% less effective. However, there are overfitting dangers when adversarial training, which we note. We release code to allow researchers to reproduce and improve this approach.
Toward better crowdsourced transcription: Transcription of a year of the Let's Go Bus Information System data (2010)

Transcription is typically a long and expensive process. In the last year, crowdsourcing through Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk) has emerged as a way to transcribe large amounts of speech. This paper presents a two-stage approach for the use of MTurk to transcribe one year of Let's Go Bus Information System data, corresponding to 156.74 hours (257,658 short utterances). This data was made available for the Spoken Dialog Challenge 2010. While others have used a one stage approach, asking workers to label, for example, words and noises in the same pass, the present approach is closer to what expert transcribers do, dividing one complicated task into several less complicated ones with the goal of obtaining a higher quality transcript. The two stage approach shows better results in terms of agreement with experts and the quality of acoustic modeling. When “gold-standard” quality control is used, the quality of the transcripts comes close to NIST published expert agreement, although the cost doubles.
Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (−)-Taiwaniaquinone H and (−)-Taiwaniaquinol B by Iridium-Catalyzed Borylation and Palladium-Catalyzed Asymmetric α-Arylation (2016)

We report a concise, enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-taiwaniaquinone H and the first enantioselective total synthesis of (−)-taiwaniaquinol B by a route that includes asymmetric palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of a ketone with an aryl bromide that was generated by sterically controlled halogenation via iridium-catalyzed C−H borylation. This asymmetric α-arylation creates the benzylic quaternary stereogenic center present in the taiwaniaquinoids. The synthesis was completed efficiently by developing a Lewis acid-promoted cascade to construct the [6,5,6] tricyclic core of an intermediate common to the synthesis of a number of taiwaniaquinoids. Through the preparation of these compounds, we demonstrate the utility of constructing benzylic quaternary stereogenic centers, even those lacking a carbonyl group in the α-position, by asymmetric α-arylation.
Jun activation domain binding protein 1 expression is associated with low p27(Kip1)levels in node-negative breast cancer. (2003)

These data indicate that JAB1 is commonly overexpressed in invasive breast carcinomas. JAB1 overexpression is associated with low levels of p27(Kip1) in node-negative breast cancer. In this study, JAB1 and p27(Kip1) were not independent prognostic factors.
[The comparative analysis of changes in optic disc morphology after trabeculectomy, measured by scanning laser tomography]. (2002)

All patients showing a 30% lowering of IOP after glaucoma surgery show improved optic nerve morphology as measured by the HRT. Further studies are required to provide information, to what extent the change in optic disc topography is dependent on the duration of elevated intraocular pressure or advanced stage of glaucomatous optic neuropathy.
Study on the Algorithm of Sea Bottom Terrain Match (2009)

Terrain matching assistant navigation is a new method in navigation technology of the underwater vehicles. In this paper, ICCP algorithm is studied and improved with MATLAB. By measured terrain data at real time and real multi-beam bathymetric measured terrain data, the accumulative errors of the inertial navigation system can be corrected and the optimal matching position can be gotten. In order to validate match position and the availability of improved ICCP algorithm, the error of the match position is of observed quantity, and the error of the navigation system is analyzed by Kalman filter. There are many simulation examples to validate the influence of each error source on matching error.
Inferring User Interests on Social Media from Text and Images (2015)

Inferring user interests on social media from text and images is addressed as a multi-class classification problem. We proposed approaches to infer user interest on Social media where often multi-modal data (text, image etc.) exists. We use user-generated data from Pinterest.com as a natural expression of users' interests. We consider each pin (image-text pair) as a category label that represents a broad user interest, since users collect images that they like on the social media platform and often assign a category label. This task is useful beyond Pinterest because most user-generated data on the Web is not necessarily readily categorized into interest labels. In addition to predicting users' interests, our main contribution is exploiting a multi-modal space composed of images and text. This is a natural approach since humans express their interests with a combination of modalities. Exploiting multi-modal spaces in this context has received little attention in the literature. We performed eleven experiments using the state-of-the-art image and textual representations, such as convolutional neural networks, word embeddings, and bags of visual and textual words. Our experimental results show that in fact jointly processing image and text increases the overall interest classification accuracy, when compared to uni-modal representations (i.e., using only text or using only images).
Age group counts of Black Brant in Izembek Bay, Alaska (1964)

The large size of the Black Brant concentration and of the Zostera beds in Izembek Bay is noted, together with the timing of the concentration. Low breeding success in part of the nesting grounds prompted inauguration of population studies in Izembek Bay with age group counts, the results of which are presented.
Design and Development of SPC90 Slag Pot Carrier of Large Steel Slag Transportation Special Device for Steel Mills (2010)

In order to ease the contradiction between steel slag transportation and the development of steel mills equipment technology of domestic, the SPC90 slag pot carrier has been designed and developed. The maximum rated load of SPC90 Slag pot Carrier is 90 ton, which can cooperate with many kinds of bridge machine for the railway passenger transport special line to complete the corresponding works, and is the key equipment of steel slag handing production line, which can loading, transport and unloading the steel slag. The operation of drive, steering, braking, and working devices are driven by electro hydraulic proportional control system, which can increase the reliability and interoperability of slag pot carrier, and is easy to realize power matching and energy saving. The hydrodynamic transmission system is adopted for drive, through the combination of the electro-hydraulic power shift control system and three-phase converter, have resolved frequent load changes in driving and the matching of engine. Steering system is electro-hydraulic power steering, which can provide the right road feel to the driver and the solution for the realization of unmanned systems. The wet disc brake system based on electro-hydraulic control system is used, and can increased brake performance and reliability. The close-type load-sensing hydraulic system is used for working device, which improves the composite performance, so that the speed of the luffing and dumping can be controlled in real-time. In this foundation, CAN bus is developed in the electronic control system, and the questions of mechanical drive and control system information integration and disperser control have been solved. At the same time, slag pot carrier also has intellectualized systems as the remote control, anti-collision, fault diagnosis and so on.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF PARTIAL STRUCTURAL UNIT OF LICHENAN (1983)

Abstract Die Glyoosidsynthese der Trisaccharidhalogenose (I) mit dem selektiv entblockierten Disaccharid (II) (Darstellung beschrieben) ergibt in 39 % Ausbeute zunächst das geschützte Pentasaccharid, das zu (III) entblockiert wird.
Floating Random Walk-Based Capacitance Extraction for General Non-Manhattan Conductor Structures (2016)

The non-Manhattan conductor geometry existing in some capacitance extraction problems brings difficulty to the floating random walk (FRW) method using cubic transition domains. In this paper, techniques are proposed to enhance the FRW method for handling the structures with non-Manhattan conductors. Based on the aligned-box distances and corresponding calculating approaches, the techniques for generating the Gaussian surface and constructing axis-aligned transition cubes are proposed. A practical strategy is then proposed to judge the domination relationship of non-Manhattan conductor blocks for building the space management structure with candidate list. Finally, the strategy using rotated transition cube and related space management technique are proposed to make further acceleration. Experiments on 3-D interconnect structures including from 8 to 1000 non-Manhattan blocks show that the proposed method is from 2.9× to 96× faster than a simple extension of the original FRW method. The proposed method is also up to 39× faster than a boundary element method-based solver. Additional experiments are carried out to further validate the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed techniques, and to demonstrate their suitability for large and multi-dielectric structures.
Improved performance of diesel driven permanent magnet synchronous generator using Battery Energy Storage System (2009)

Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) is used for load compensation of a permanent generator synchronous generator driven by diesel engine to enhance its performance. The control of BESS with capabilities of reactive power, harmonics and unbalanced load compensation is achieved by indirect current control scheme. The modeling of the DG set is performed using permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) by keeping the excitation constant. The voltage at PCC is controlled using BESS under various loads. The system is simulated under MATLAB environment using Simulink and PSB Block-set toolboxes. The simulated results for a 30 kVA DG set with linear load, and nonlinear load with different load dynamics and unbalanced load conditions are presented to show the effectiveness of the BESS-PMSG system.
The "Two-Faced" Effects of Reactive Oxygen Species and the Lipid Peroxidation Product 4-Hydroxynonenal in the Hallmarks of Cancer (2010)

Reacytive Oxygen Species (ROS) have long been considered to be involved in the initiation, progression and metastasis of cancer. However, accumulating evidence points to the benefical role of ROS. Moreover, ROS production, leading to apoptosis, is the mechanism by which many chemotherapeutic agents can act. Beside direct actions, ROS elicit lipid peroxidation, leading to the production of 4-hydroxynoneal (HNE). Interestingly, HNE also seems to have a dual behaviour with respect to cancer. In this review we present recent literature data which outline the "two-faced" character of oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in carcinogenesis and in the hallmarks of cancer.
Predicting a Community Decision: A Test of the Miller-Form Theory (1959)

Two proposed constitutional amendments appearing on the November 4, 1958 ballot became issues of general community concern in Denver, Colorado. One, a right to work amendment proposal, aroused a high level of community interest and activity; the other, a civil service amendment proposal, stimulated relatively less community interest and activity. This setting provided an opportunity for an independent prediction test of the Miller-Form theory of issue outcome in community decision making. This theory is discussed briefly, operational procedures for determining the values of the factors of the theory for predictive purposes are described, and results interpreted as a favorable test of the theory are presented. Certain questions concerning reliability, alternative application models, and further research problems are also discussed.
Endovascular Treatment in the DEFUSE 3 Study (2018)

Background and Purpose- Endovascular therapy in an extended time window has been shown to be beneficial in selected patients. This study correlated angiographic outcomes of patients randomized to endovascular therapy with clinical and imaging outcomes in the DEFUSE 3 study (Endovascular Therapy Following Imaging Evaluation for Ischemic Stroke 3). Methods- Angiograms were assessed for the primary arterial occlusive lesion and the modified Thrombolysis in Cerebral Infarction (TICI) score at baseline and the final modified TICI score. Clinical outcomes were assessed using an ordinal analysis of 90-day modified Rankin Scale and a dichotomous analysis for functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2). TICI scores were correlated with outcome, types of device used for thrombectomy, and 24-hour follow-up imaging. Results- TICI 2B-3 reperfusion was achieved in 70 of 92 patients (76%). TICI 2B-3 reperfusion showed a more favorable distribution of Rankin scores compared with TICI 0-2A; odds ratio, 2.77; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-6.56; P=0.019. Good functional outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale score of 0-2) increased with better TICI scores ( P=0.0028). There was less disability comparing TICI 3 patients to TICI 2B patients ( P=0.037). Successful reperfusion (TICI 2B-3) was independent of the device used, the site of occlusion (internal carotid artery or M1) or adjunctive use of carotid angioplasty and stenting. Significantly less infarct growth at 24 hours was seen in TICI 3 patients compared with TICI 0-2A ( P=0.0015) and TICI 2B ( P=0.0002) patients. Conclusions- Thrombectomy in an extended time window demonstrates similar rates of TICI 2B-3 reperfusion to earlier time window studies. Successful reperfusion was independent of the device used, the site of occlusion or adjunctive use of carotid angioplasty and stenting. TICI 3 reperfusion was more likely to result in low rates of infarct growth at 24 hours and good functional outcome at 90 days. Clinical Trial Registration- URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT02586415.
Assessing PIK3CA and PTEN in Early-Phase Trials with PI3K/AKT/mTOR Inhibitors (2014)

Despite a wealth of preclinical studies, it is unclear whether PIK3CA or phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene aberrations are actionable in the clinical setting. Of 1,656 patients with advanced, refractory cancers tested for PIK3CA or PTEN abnormalities, PIK3CA mutations were found in 9% (146/1,589), and PTEN loss and/or mutation was found in 13% (149/1,157). In multicovariable analysis, treatment with a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor was the only independent factor predicting response to therapy in individuals harboring a PIK3CA or PTEN aberration. The rate of stable disease ≥6 months/partial response reached 45% in a subgroup of individuals with H1047R PIK3CA mutations. Aberrations in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway are common and potentially actionable in patients with diverse advanced cancers. This work provides further important clinical validation for continued and accelerated use of biomarker-driven trials incorporating rational drug combinations.
Nonuniform Muscle Fiber Orientation Causes Spiral Wave Drift in a Finite Element Model of Cardiac Action Potential Propagation (1994)

Spiral and planar waves are affected by muscle fiber curvature. The resulting dynamics may be important in determining the lifetime and stability of reentrant arrhythmias.
Anti-aging effect of astragalosides and its mechanism of action. (2003)

AST has an anti-aging effect on D-gal-induced senescent mice and has the effect of delaying senility of the middle-aged mice, which was related to its improvement of brain function and immunomodulatory effects.
Preparation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies to human gp130 (2000)

Soluble CD130 molecule (SCD130) constructed with vacinia virus as vetor was used as antigen to immunize Balb/c mice. Four hybyidome cell lines (L2,L4a,L4b and L5) that could steadily secret anti-gp130 mAb were established. The antibody characterization showed that they not only specificaley recognize CD130 molecule with relative molecular mass (Mr) 98 000, but also CD130 molecule with Mr 130 00 on the membrane of target cells. Otherwise they could also precipitate CD130 molecule from target cells. The L2 mAb of them could partly block the proliferative effect of IL-6 on target cells.