gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relaxation of insulin‐like growth factor 2 gene imprinting in esophageal cancer (1996)

Paternal allele-specific expression is identified for the insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2) gene. Relaxation or loss of IGF2 imprinting, however, has been reported in several neoplasms. We studied the expression of IGF2 mRNA in 35 squamous cancers of the esophagus and searched for the presence or absence of relaxation of IGF2 imprinting. In 28 (80%) cases, IGF2 mRNA was overexpressed in the tumor tissues (T) compared to the normal tissues (N). The patients whose tumor invaded the adventitia showed a higher T/N ratio than those whose tumor was restricted to the musculi propria layer. Heterozygosity was determined by using the Apa 1 polymorphism in exon 9. Thirteen of 35 cases showed heterozygosity. In these 13 cases, a similar analysis was performed on cDNA obtained by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Consequently, 7 cases disclosed relaxation of IGF2 imprinting in the tumor tissue. The cases of esophageal cancer with relaxation of IGF2 imprinting showed a higher T/N ratio and deeper invasion than those without relaxation. The results suggest that overexpression of IGF2 mRNA plays an important role in esophageal cancer and, in certain cases, is associated with relaxation of IGF2 imprinting. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Clinical Evidence for the Use of Urea (2005)

Urea is a physiological substance occurring in human tissues, blood, and urine. The amount in urine is of the order of 2%. The extraction of pure urea from urine was first accomplished by Proust in 1821, and it was first synthesized by Wöhler in 1828.1 Urea is also a major constituent of the water-soluble fraction of the stratum corneum, as a component of the natural moisturizing factor (NMF).2 The level of urea in the stratum corenum is significantly reduced in patients with atopic dermatitis.3
Variable-load quenching circuit for single-photon avalanche diodes (2008)

We present a compact 50 microm x 100 microm cell for single-photon detection, based on a new circuitry monolithically integrated together with a 20 microm-diameter CMOS Single-Photon Avalanche Diode (SPAD). The detector quenching relies on a novel mechanism based on starving the avalanche current till quenching through a variable-load (VLQC, Variable- Load Quenching Circuit). Fabricated in a standard 0.35 microm CMOS technology, the topology allows a SPAD bias voltage higher than the chip supply voltage to be used. Moreover it preserves the advantages of active quenching circuits, in terms of hold-off capability (from 40 ns to 2 micros) and fast reset (</=2 ns), while maintaining the low avalanche charge (</=1.6 pC/avalanche) and extremely small dimensions of passive quenching circuits. The cell enables the development of large-dimension dense arrays of SPADs, for two-dimensional imaging at the photon counting level with photon-timing jitter better than 40 ps.
Wavelet-based high-capacity lossless image hiding and its application (2005)

This paper, presents an integer wavelet -based invertible high-capacity data-hiding method for digital images. According to the frequency sensibility result of HVS study, high capacity (up to 1/2 of the data volume that original image occupies) secret information can be hidden into the least significant bit-planes of wavelet coefficients. Histogram modification is introduced to meet overflow/underflow in inverse wavelet transformation. As multi-resolution and correlation decomposition, which are the superiority of wavelet decomposition, are fully employed, this method can achieve both high-capacity and low distortion. The proposed data-hiding method is applied to E-government and good result is achieved.
Stereophonic radio transmission (2015)

AccessScience is an authoritative and dynamic online resource that contains incisively written, high-quality educational material covering all major scientific disciplines. An acclaimed gateway to scientific knowledge, AccessScience is continually expanding the ways it can demonstrate and explain core, trustworthy scientific information that inspires and guides users to deeper knowledge.
The Polysialic Acid-specific O-Acetyltransferase OatC from Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup C Evolved Apart from Other Bacterial Sialate O-Acetyltransferases (2008)

Neisseria meningitidis serogroup C is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and septicaemia. This human pathogen is protected by a capsule composed of alpha2,9-linked polysialic acid that represents an important virulence factor. In the majority of strains, the capsular polysaccharide is modified by O-acetylation at C-7 or C-8 of the sialic acid residues. The gene encoding the capsule modifying O-acetyltransferase is part of the capsule gene complex and shares no sequence similarities with other proteins. Here, we describe the purification and biochemical characterization of recombinant OatC. The enzyme was found as a homodimer, with the first 34 amino acids forming an efficient oligomerization domain that worked even in a different protein context. Using acetyl-CoA as donor substrate, OatC transferred acetyl groups exclusively onto polysialic acid joined by alpha2,9-linkages and did not act on free or CMP-activated sialic acid. Motif scanning revealed a nucleophile elbow motif (GXS286XGG), which is a hallmark of alpha/beta-hydrolase fold enzymes. In a comprehensive site-directed mutagenesis study, we identified a catalytic triad composed of Ser-286, Asp-376, and His-399. Consistent with a double-displacement mechanism common to alpha/beta-hydrolase fold enzymes, a covalent acetylenzyme intermediate was found. Together with secondary structure prediction highlighting an alpha/beta-hydrolase fold topology, our data provide strong evidence that OatC belongs to the alpha/beta-hydrolase fold family. This clearly distinguishes OatC from all other bacterial sialate O-acetyltransferases known so far because these are members of the hexapeptide repeat family, a class of acyltransferases that adopt a left-handed beta-helix fold and assemble into catalytic trimers.
Oxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols to carboxylic acids by hydrogen peroxide (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidative cleavage of 1,2-diols to carboxylic acids by hydrogen peroxideCarlo Venturello and Marco RicciCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 9, 1599–1602Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00359a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00359a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1904Altmetric-Citations123LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>Arabidopsis GLUTAMINE-RICH PROTEIN23</i>Is Essential for Early Embryogenesis and Encodes a Novel Nuclear PPR Motif Protein That Interacts with RNA Polymerase II Subunit III (2006)

Precise control of gene expression is critical for embryo development in both animals and plants. We report that Arabidopsis thaliana GLUTAMINE-RICH PROTEIN23 (GRP23) is a pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) protein that functions as a potential regulator of gene expression during early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis. Loss-of-function mutations of GRP23 caused the arrest of early embryo development. The vast majority of the mutant embryos arrested before the 16-cell dermatogen stage, and none of the grp23 embryos reached the heart stage. In addition, 19% of the mutant embryos displayed aberrant cell division patterns. GRP23 encodes a polypeptide with a Leu zipper domain, nine PPRs at the N terminus, and a Gln-rich C-terminal domain with an unusual WQQ repeat. GRP23 is a nuclear protein that physically interacts with RNA polymerase II subunit III in both yeast and plant cells. GRP23 is expressed in developing embryos up to the heart stage, as revealed by beta-glucuronidase reporter gene expression and RNA in situ hybridization. Together, our data suggest that GRP23, by interaction with RNA polymerase II, likely functions as a transcriptional regulator essential for early embryogenesis in Arabidopsis.
Solution of inverse problems in elasticity imaging using the adjoint method (2003)

We consider the problem of determining the shear modulus of a linear-elastic, incompressible medium given boundary data and one component of the displacement field in the entire domain. The problem is derived from applications in quantitative elasticity imaging. We pose the problem as one of minimizing a functional and consider the use of gradient-based algorithms to solve it. In order to calculate the gradient efficiently we develop an algorithm based on the adjoint elasticity operator. The main cost associated with this algorithm is equivalent to solving two forward problems, independent of the number of optimization variables. We present numerical examples that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Synthesis of branched ribonucleotides. (1985)

A synthetic strategy for branched ribonucleotides, which have recently been discovered, was described. A fully protected adenosine unit (5) having the tris (4,5-dichlorophthalimido)trityl (CPTr), bis(anilino)phosphoryl (BAP), and bis(phenylthio)phosphoryl (BPTP) groups as the 5'-, 2'-, and 3'-hydroxyl protecting groups, respectively, was synthesized from adenosine by a five-step reaction involving a new method for the 2'-O-phosphorylation by the use of hexaethylphosphorous triamide. The selective deprotection of appropriate protecting groups from 5 followed by stepwise condensation with two different ribonucleoside derivatives (7 and 10) gave a protected branched ribonucleotide (11) via a 3'-phosphorylated 2'-5' dinucleotide (8). Deprotection of 11 and 8 gave a branched trinucleotide (12) and 3'-phosphorylated dinucleotide (13).
HealthPROMISE: Utilization of Patient Reported Outcomes to Measure Quality of Life in Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2017)

Background: Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a chronic condition of the bowel affecting over 1.5 million people in the United States. The recurrent nature of IBD makes affected patients ideal candidates for electronic patient reported outcome (e-PRO) monitoring that centers on enhanced symptom tracking and improved communication with care teams. Objective: The study aims to understand the impact of e-PRO utilization via a prescribed mobile application, HealthPROMISE, on improving patients’ quality of life (QOL). Researchers investigated patients’ use of e-PROs to determine whether physicians change treatment in response to new patient health information, and whether patients’ quality of life changes over the course of the study. Methods: In a pragmatic randomized trial at Mount Sinai Medical Center (MSMC), baseline e-PROs were measured using online questionnaires delivered through the app that assessed health literacy, disease severity, general health status, and demographic information. Patients using HealthPROMISE could update their e-PRO information and receive a disease summary and a graph trending IBD-specific QOL scores (Figure 1). Patients could also communicate over the HealthPROMISE app and discuss results with providers. Results of e-PRO data were then compared with those collected from paper-based instruments in another institution (University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, UPMC) for triangulation (Figure 2). Results: There were 320 patients enrolled in the study. Of these, 162 were randomized to the intervention group (e-PROs), and 158 to the control group. Fatigue and tension were the two most important drivers of poor QOL in both MSMC and UPMC cohorts. Usage data showed that the majority of patients (~75%) continue to actively log into the HealthPROMISE app and update their e-PRO. Overall, QOL improved among HealthPROMISE patients over a mean follow-up of 6 months. At baseline, patients in the intervention arm reported a mean quality of life score of 30.3 ± 11.3. The last available follow-up QOL scores showed improvement among patients using HealthPROMISE to 25.3 ± 11.3 (P<0.001) (Figure 2). Conclusions: This is one of the first randomized controlled trials of app-based PRO measure in IBD patients. A significant improvement in QOL was observed. Longitudinal e-PRO collection in IBD patients is feasible with a high degree of adoption and engagement. IBD patients who participate in their own care (via PRO) and share in decision-making have appreciably improved outcomes when compared to patients who do not.
An AGC Amplifier for Long Pulse Amplification (1975)

In this paper, application of AGC technique for pulse amplification intended to amplify pulse widths upto 2 seconds in the noisy environment typically encountered for certain type of sonar applications is discussed in detail. The amplifier is designed with an overall gain of 100 dB and AGC compression factor of 50/3 dB. The technique outlined has advantages in improving the S/N ratio for specified range or realising extended ranges for stipulated S/N ratio.
Towards High-Definition 3D Urban Mapping: Road Feature-Based Registration of Mobile Mapping Systems and Aerial Imagery (2017)

Various applications have utilized a mobile mapping system (MMS) as the main 3D urban remote sensing platform. However, the accuracy and precision of the three-dimensional data acquired by an MMS is highly dependent on the performance of the vehicle’s self-localization, which is generally performed by high-end global navigation satellite system (GNSS)/inertial measurement unit (IMU) integration. However, GNSS/IMU positioning quality degrades significantly in dense urban areas with high-rise buildings, which block and reflect the satellite signals. Traditional landmark updating methods, which improve MMS accuracy by measuring ground control points (GCPs) and manually identifying those points in the data, are both labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a novel and comprehensive framework for automatically georeferencing MMS data by capitalizing on road features extracted from high-resolution aerial surveillance data. The proposed framework has three key steps: (1) extracting road features from the MMS and aerial data; (2) obtaining Gaussian mixture models from the extracted aerial road features; and (3) performing registration of the MMS data to the aerial map using a dynamic sliding window and the normal distribution transform (NDT). The accuracy of the proposed framework is verified using field data, demonstrating that it is a reliable solution for high-precision urban mapping.
Zinc reductions of keto-steroids (1969)

M. Toda, Y. Hirata and S. Yamamura, J. Chem. Soc. D, 1969, 919 DOI: 10.1039/C29690000919
Understanding touch selection accuracy on flat and hemispherical deformable surfaces (2013)

Touch technology is rapidly evolving, and soon deformable, movable and malleable touch interfaces may be part of everyday computing. While there has been a lot of work on understanding touch interactions on flat surfaces, as well as recent work about pointing on curved surfaces, little is known about how surface deformation affects touch interactions. This paper presents the study of how different features of deformable surfaces affect touch selection accuracy, both in terms of position and control of the deformation distance, which refers to the distance traveled by the finger when deforming the surface. We conducted three separate user studies, investigating how touch interactions on a deformable surface are affected not only by the compliant force feedback generated by the elastic surface, but also by the use of visual feedback, the use of a tactile delimiter to indicate the maximum deformation distance, and the use of hemispherical surface shape. The results indicate that, when provided with visual feedback, users can achieve sub-millimeter precision for deformation distance. In addition, without visual feedback, users tend to overestimate deformation distance especially in conditions that require less deformation and therefore provide less surface tension. While the use of a tactile delimiter to indicate maximum deformation improves the distance estimation accuracy, it does not eliminate overestimation. Finally, the shape of the surface also affects touch selection accuracy for both touch position and deformation distance.
Ro 18-5364, a potent new inhibitor of the gastric (H+ + K+)-ATPase (1987)

The sulfoxide agent Ro 18-5364 is an extremely potent and rapid inhibitor of the gastric mucosal (H+ + K+)-ATPase with an apparent Ki of 0.1 microM at pH 6. The inhibition of both enzymatic activity and vesicular proton transport in membrane preparations is concentration- and time-dependent. Comparative studies with the two enantiomers of Ro 18-5364 indicated no enantiomeric preference. Marked differences were seen between Ro 18-5364 (sulfoxide) and Ro 18-5362 (sulfide) with regard to inhibitory activity. Even at concentrations as high as 0.1 mM Ro 18-5362 failed to affect significantly (H+ + K+)-ATPase activity and associated proton translocation. Similarly, Ro 17-5380 demonstrated an apparent Ki of 20 microM for inhibition of the (H+ + K+)-ATPase whereas its reduced derivative Ro 17-4749 was inactive. Addition of a single methyl group in the pyridine moiety of Ro 18-5364 noticeably decreased the inhibitory potency. The inhibitory action of Ro 18-5364 on (H+ + K+)-ATPase activity was markedly higher at low incubation medium pH in comparison to physiological or alkaline values. The results of incorporation studies paralleled that of enzymatic inhibition. The extent of Ro 18-5364 incorporation was dependent on time, concentration, and medium hydrogen ion concentration, with a decrease in medium pH resulting in increased binding. While ATP and GTP had little effect on the binding rates, reduced lipoic acid methyl ester, mercaptoethanol and dithiothreitol were capable of displacing the radiolabel to different extents. Autoradiography of electrophoresed Ro-18-5364-labeled gastric microsomal membranes confirmed that the radiolabel was associated with polypeptides of approximately 100 kDa. The incorporation was reversed upon subjection of the membranes to reducing conditions.
Sero-Prevalence of Herpes Virus Infection in Sudanese Pregnant Women (2013)

We aimed at studying the sero-prevalence of herpes infection
Reducing artifacts in JPEG decompression by segmentation and smoothing (2002)

The major artifacts of the JPEG compressed images are blocking and ringing, which are mainly due to the coarse quantization of low frequency and high frequency DCT components, respectively. At a very low bit rate, these artifacts might be rather disturbing to human eyes. While research for reduction of blocking effects has been relatively extensively conducted, little has been done for improving ringing. The latter is particularly dominant in document images, where sharp edges present commonly in text and graphics are more likely to be encountered. In this paper we propose an algorithm, which was designed mainly for ringing effects removal. The same principle can be also applied to reduce blocking effects.
Identification and Initial Structure−Activity Relationships of (<i>R</i>)-5-(2-Azetidinylmethoxy)-2-chloropyridine (ABT-594), a Potent, Orally Active, Non-Opiate Analgesic Agent Acting via Neuronal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors (1998)

New members of a previously reported series of 3-pyridyl ether compounds are disclosed as novel, potent analgesic agents acting through neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. Both (R)-2-chloro-5-(2-azetidinylmethoxy)pyridine (ABT-594, 5) and its S-enantiomer (4) show potent analgesic activity in the mouse hot-plate assay following either intraperitoneal (i.p.) or oral (p.o.) administration, as well as activity in the mouse abdominal constriction (writhing) assay, a model of persistent pain. Compared to the S-enantiomer and to the prototypical potent nicotinic analgesic agent (+/-)-epibatidine, 5 shows diminished activity in models of peripheral side effects. Structure-activity studies of analogues related to 4 and 5 suggest that the N-unsubstituted azetidine moiety and the 2-chloro substituent on the pyridine ring are important contributors to potent analgesic activity.
Detecting intrinsic scattering changes  correlated to neuron action potentials  using optical coherence imaging (2009)

We demonstrate how optical coherence imaging techniques can detect intrinsic scattering changes that occur during action potentials in single neurons. Using optical coherence tomography (OCT), an increase in scattering intensity from neurons in the abdominal ganglion of Aplysia californica is observed following electrical stimulation of the connective nerve. In addition, optical coherence microscopy (OCM), with its superior transverse spatial resolution, is used to demonstrate a direct correlation between scattering intensity changes and membrane voltage in single cultured Aplysia bag cell neurons during evoked action potentials. While intrinsic scattering changes are small, OCT and OCM have potential use as tools in neuroscience research for non-invasive and non-contact measurement of neural activity without electrodes or fluorescent dyes. These techniques have many attractive features such as high sensitivity and deep imaging penetration depth, as well as high temporal and spatial resolution. This study demonstrates the first use of OCT and OCM to detect functionally-correlated optical scattering changes in single neurons.
Dilational Viscoelasticity of the Zwitterionic Gemini Surfactants with Polyoxyethylene Spacers at the Interfaces (2011)

The dilational viscoelasticity of zwitterionic gemini surfactants C8ExNC12 with polyoxyethylene spacers at the water-air and water-decane interfaces were investigated by oscillating barriers method. The experiments were carried out at different concentrations with an accessible frequency range of 0.005 to 0.1 Hz. Interfacial tension relaxation method was employed to obtain dilational parameters in a reasonably broad frequency range. Experimental results show that the values of dilational elasticity and viscosity of C8ExNC12 are larger than those of common nonionic surfactants, such as T × 100, and the dilational viscoelasticity at the water-decane is close to that at the water-air interface on the whole. The results may be attributed to Coulombic attraction, and the possible schematic diagrams of adsorbed molecules with different polyoxyethylene spacers at the water-air and water-decane interfaces are proposed. We also analyzed C8ExNC12 from the results of relaxation experiments and Cole-Cole plots.