gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of Environmental Chemistry: A Practical Guide for Environmental Professionals (2000)

From the contents: Water Quality. Defining Water Quality. Sources of Water Impurities. Measuring Impurities. Major Water Quality Parameters. nteractions Among Water Quality Parameters. PH. Oxidation-Reduction Potential (Redox Potential). Carbon Dioxide, Bicarbonate, and Carbonate. Hardness. Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD). Nitrogen: Ammonia (NH3), Nitrite (NO2-), and Nitrate (NO3-). Sulfide (S-2). Phosphorus (P). Metals in Water. Soil, Groundwater, and Subsurface Contamination. The Nature of Soils. Soil Profiles. Organic Matter in Soil. Soil Zones. Contaminants Become Distributed in Water, Soil, and Air. Partition Coefficients. Mobility of Contaminants in the Subsurface. Particulate Transport in Groundwater: Colloids. Biodegradation. Biodegradation Processes. California Study. Determining the Extent of Bioremediation of LNAPLs. Petroleum Releases to the Subsurface. General Characteristics of Petroleum. Behavior of Fuel Hydrocarbons (LNAPLs) in the Subsurface. Formation of Fuel Hydrocarbon Contamination Plumes. Formation of Chlorinated Hydrocarbon (DNAPL) Plumes. Chemical Fingerprinting. Miscellaneous Special Topics. Acid Mine Drainage. Breakpoint Chlorination: Removing Ammonia by Chlorination. Controlling Environmental Effects from Road Sanding and De-Icing. Integrated Pest Management. Interpreting Baseline Water Quality Data. Ion Exchange Processes. Oil and Grease Analysis.
New vistas in neuropeptide research in neuropsychiatry: focus on corticotropin-releasing factor. (1992)

Advances in neuropeptide neurobiology in the last decade are illustrated by studies of corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), the 41 amino acid-containing peptide that controls the anterior pituitary secretion of adrenocorticotropin and other pro-opiomelanocortin products. Corticotropin-releasing factor is synthesized in both hypothalamic and extrahypothalamic perikarya in a large prohormone form, (186 amino acids), then it is processed and transported to nerve terminals where it is released in its active form by a calcium-dependent mechanism. Corticotropin-releasing factor biosynthesis can now be measured by in situ hybridization because of the elucidation of the CRF gene sequence. Once released, CRF acts on high-affinity CRF receptors, and signal transduction is mediated by activation of adenylate cyclase in certain brain areas, and perhaps by phosphoinositide hydrolysis. In other brain areas CRF is inactivated by peptidases that degrade the hormone, though these are not well characterized. A CRF binding protein has been identified in plasma, and perhaps in brain. Considerable evidence exists from cerebrospinal fluid studies, postmortem tissue receptor measurements, and CRF stimulation test studies to support the hypothesis that CRF is hypersecreted in depression, resulting in both pituitary-adrenal axis hyperactivity and certain signs and symptoms of depression, e.g., decreased libido, insomnia, and decreased appetite. There is also evidence for an involvement of CRF in the pathophysiology of anxiety disorders and in the mechanism of action of benzodiazepines. The development of selective CRF-receptor antagonists will permit direct testing of the hypothesis that CRF hypersecretion is responsible for certain of the cardinal features of affective and anxiety disorders.
Total synthesis of 5(S),20- and 15(S),20-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid and 5(S),6(R)-epoxy-20-hydroxy- and 14(R),15(S)-epoxy-20-hydroxyeicosatreinoic acid (1987)

Aldehyde (1), derived from dimethyl L-malate, was exploited in a stereocontrolled total synthesis of the ω-hydroxylated eicosanoid metabolites 5(S),20- and 15(S),20-dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid as well as 5(S),6(R)-epoxy-20-hydroxy- and 14(R),15(S)-epoxy-20-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid.
The effect of packed red blood cell storage on arachidonic acid and advanced glycation end-product formation (2006)

It is highly probable that the observed increase in AGE level is related to the decrease in AA in PRBCs, which can be associated with the formation of toxic aldehydes, especially T2N and 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), from AA. Glucose in the PRBCs (preservative solution) can contribute to AGE formation as well. The formation of AGEs, HNE, and T2N in PRBCs, their influence on PMNs in vitro, and confirmation of our assumption need further studies.
Solvent extraction of copper as its ion association complex with ethyl violet and its application to the spectrophotometric determination of copper (1987)

Several cationic dyes were evaluated as reagents for the extraction and spectrophotometric determination of copper. Of the dyes examined, ethyl violet was the most useful reagent. The method is based on the reduction of copper(II) to copper(I) with ascorbic acid, the formation of dichlorocuprate(I) by the reaction of copper(I) with chloride and its extraction into toluene as an ion associate with ethyl violet. For the determination of copper, the absorbance of a toluene solution at 612 nm was measured against a reagent blank. The calibration graph obeyed Beer's law over the range 0–1.4 × 10–5M copper (in toluene) and the apparent molar absorptivity was 9.65 × 104 I mol–1 cm–1.
Examining air transportation safety issues through agent-based simulation incorporating human performance models (2002)

Agent-based simulation may provide an effective method of evaluating safety issues in air traffic control. For example, simulation of human performance models of controllers and pilots, interacting with aircraft avionics systems and with communication, navigation, and surveillance technologies, may assess both the individual behavior of these agents and the overall emergent behavior of the air traffic control system. This paper describes a collaborative effort in developing an agent-based simulation of air traffic control. In order to exercise the capabilities of the proposed approach, a test scenario was developed to investigate the impact of new avionics systems which provide alerts of clear air turbulence (CAT) to flight crews. An agent-based simulation using the Reconfigurable Flight Simulator (RFS) software architecture and its asynchronous timing methods is outlined. Adaptation of the Man-machine Integration Design and Analysis System (MIDAS) human performance model to model the behavior of pilots and air traffic controllers and to interact with RFS is detailed, including description of an algorithm implemented to synchronize the timing between RFS and MIDAS. This paper then discusses the use of agent-based simulation incorporating human performance models as a means to assess safety.
Alpha-smooth muscle actin, a differentiation marker of smooth muscle cells, is present in microfilamentous bundles of pericytes. (1989)

alpha-Smooth muscle (alpha-sm) actin, an isoform typical of smooth muscle cells (SMC) and present in high amounts in vascular SMC, was demonstrated in the cytoplasm of pericytes of various rat and human organs by means of immunocytochemistry at the electron microscopic level. In SMC and pericytes, alpha-sm actin was localized in microfilament bundles, strengthening the assumption that it is the functional isoform in these cell types and supporting the assumption that pericytes exert contractile functions.
A Robust Approach for a Filter-Based Monocular Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (SLAM) System (2013)

Simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) is an important problem to solve in robotics theory in order to build truly autonomous mobile robots. This work presents a novel method for implementing a SLAM system based on a single camera sensor. The SLAM with a single camera, or monocular SLAM, is probably one of the most complex SLAM variants. In this case, a single camera, which is freely moving through its environment, represents the sole sensor input to the system. The sensors have a large impact on the algorithm used for SLAM. Cameras are used more frequently, because they provide a lot of information and are well adapted for embedded systems: they are light, cheap and power-saving. Nevertheless, and unlike range sensors, which provide range and angular information, a camera is a projective sensor providing only angular measurements of image features. Therefore, depth information (range) cannot be obtained in a single step. In this case, special techniques for feature system-initialization are needed in order to enable the use of angular sensors (as cameras) in SLAM systems. The main contribution of this work is to present a novel and robust scheme for incorporating and measuring visual features in filtering-based monocular SLAM systems. The proposed method is based in a two-step technique, which is intended to exploit all the information available in angular measurements. Unlike previous schemes, the values of parameters used by the initialization technique are derived directly from the sensor characteristics, thus simplifying the tuning of the system. The experimental results show that the proposed method surpasses the performance of previous schemes.
High-contrast and low-power all-optical switch using Fano resonance based on a silicon nanobeam cavity (2018)

We experimentally demonstrate an ultra-compact all-optical switch involving Fano resonance based on a side-coupled Fabry-Perot (F-P) resonator and a silicon photonic crystal (PhC) nanobeam cavity, with an area of only 11 μm<sup>2</sup>. By optimizing the structure of the nanobeam cavity to increase its intrinsic quality factor (Q), we achieve a sharp asymmetric transmission spectrum, with an extinction ratio (ER) as high as 40 dB and a peak loss as low as 0.6 dB. As far as we know, this is the highest measured ER in PhC-based Fano resonance. These excellent properties enable us to realize an all-optical switch with shorter switching recovery time, lower power consumption, and higher contrast, compared to that involving Lorentzian resonance. For example, under signal trains of 2.5 Gb/s, switching energy with a contrast of 3 dB for the Fano case is 113 fJ, which is 8 dB smaller than that for the Lorentzian case. Furthermore, by performing blue-detuned filtering on the 15-Gb/s output signal light, the switching contrast of the all-optical switch based on Fano resonance is significantly improved from 0.67 dB to 9.53 dB.
Label-free cell aggregate formation based on the magneto-Archimedes effect (2011)

This letter demonstrates formation of cell aggregates by a label-free three-dimensional (3D) cell assembly method, which is based on the magneto-Archimedes effect. Gadolinium complex was added to the culturing medium to enhance the diamagnetic property of the cells, by which label-free magnetic manipulation became possible. Cytotoxicity of the gadolinium complex was confirmed to be sufficiently low for exposure less than one day. With this method, the cells aggregated into an egg-shape in about 20 min and became a spheroid in one day. These results suggest that this method is a promising approach to construct arbitrarily-shaped 3D tissues.
Immunoassay and Activity of Calcium‐Activated Neutral Proteinase (mCANP): Distribution in Soluble and Membrane‐Associated Fractions in Human and Mouse Brain (1992)

The millimolar form of calcium-activated neutral proteinase (mCANP) is generally regarded as a cytosolic enzyme in nonneuronal systems, although its subcellular localization in brain is less well established. To resolve conflicting reports on the localization of mCANP based on activity measurements, we developed an immunoassay for CANP and compared the content and activity of the molecule in soluble and membrane fractions of mouse and human brain. Western blot immunoassays, using two different antibodies specific for mCANP, demonstrated that mCANP content is 4.5 ng/g in human or mouse brain, about 0.0005% of the total protein. More than 95% of the total immunoreactive mCANP remained in the soluble fraction after 15,000 g centrifugation of the whole homogenate. mCANP activity was determined with [14C]azocasein as substrate after removing endogenous CANP inhibitor(s) by ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. Caseinolytic activity was detected only in fractions derived from the supernatant extract. The distribution of mCANP content and enzyme activity were unchanged when tissues were extracted with different concentrations of Triton X-100. These findings establish the usefulness and validity of the CANP immunoassay and demonstrate that mCANP in mouse and human brain is localized predominantly within the cytosol.
Effects of Perceived and Imagined Odors on Taste Detection (2004)

We assessed the influence of different odors on detection of a sweet tastant, and the ability of imagined odors to elicit the same effects as perceived odors on taste perception. The tastant used was sucrose, and the two odorants were strawberry and ham. In the first experiment, participants either smelled or imagined one of two odors during taste detection tasks (between-subject design), whereas in the second one, subjects completed both the odor imagery and perception conditions with taste detection tasks (within-subject design). The effect was odorant-specific: detection of sucrose was significantly better when subjects smelled strawberry than when they smelled ham. Furthermore, imagined odors influenced taste perception in the same way as did perceived odors. We concluded that the odor-specific effect on taste perception is an authentic perceptual phenomenon. Our results also support the notion that odor-induced changes in taste perception are mediated centrally. Finally, our findings are in agreement with reports supporting the existence of odor imagery.
Cougaar: a scalable, distributed multi-agent architecture (2005)

Distributed multi-agent systems have become more mature in recent years, with the growing potential to handle large volumes of data and coordinate the operations of many organizations. However, widespread adoption by industry and government has been blocked in part by concerns about scalability and survivability, especially in unpredictable environments of attacks and system failures. In this paper, we present Cougaar, an open-source Java-based agent architecture that provides a survivable base on which to deploy large-scale, robust distributed applications. We define the challenging problem of the UltraLog project; a distributed logistics application comprised of more than 1000 agents distributed over 100 hosts, which guided the design of the Cougaar architecture to ensure scalability, robustness, and security. We conclude with a survey of Cougaar uses as the preferred agent platform for a variety of applications.
Evaluation of a smartphone application connected to a webbased system for remote monitoring of post-operative pain in ambulatory surgery: a randomised controlled trial (2014)

1University of Beira Interior, Faculty of Health Sciences, Covilhã, Portugal, 2University of Beira Interior, Dept. of Informatics, Covilhã, Portugal, 3Hospital Sousa Martins, Dept of Anaesthesiology, Guarda, Portugal
Uncertainty Analysis of Large Water Flow Calibration Facility (2000)

The large water flow calibration facility, the primary standard of water flow rate in Japan, is one of the largest calibration facilities for water flow meters in the world. This facility covers the flow rate range of 0.014 to 0.83m3/s (50 to 3000m3/h). Flow rates are maintained by seven pumps and an overflow head tank. A water flow meter under test is installed in one of the test lines whose inner diameter (D) ranges from 100 to 1100mm with a minimum upstream straight pipe length of 100D. The flow rate through the flow meter is measured using the gravimetric method. The uncertainty of this facility has been estimated experimentally and analytically in detail in accordance with the ‘ISO Guide to the expression of uncertainty in measurement.’ As a final result, the expanded uncertainty of the flow rate (k=2) was estimated to be 0.034%. The major error sources and their contribution to the standard uncertainty of the flow rate were the measurements of (a) the mass of the water in the weighing tank (0.0130%), (b) the time duration for which the water flow was diverted to the weighing tank (0.0085%), (c) the buoyancy for correction of the mass of the water in the tank (0.0070%) and (d) the density of the water (0.0025%). The uncertainty of the mass measurement of the water in the tank, which is the largest error source, was mainly due to the limits in the reproducibility of the weighing scale. From this result, an improvement of the calibration method of the weighing scale was proposed. It was clearly shown that this kind of uncertainty analysis is very important in assessing and improving the performance of a water flow calibration facility.
Alkylations of Ketone and Aldehyde Phenylhydrazones by Means of Alkali Amides in Liquid Ammonia to Form N-Alkyl Derivatives (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylations of Ketone and Aldehyde Phenylhydrazones by Means of Alkali Amides in Liquid Ammonia to Form N-Alkyl DerivativesWilliam G. Kenyon and Charles R. HauserCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 1, 292–293Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01012a504Request reuse permissionsArticle Views64Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (295 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Dual effects of tetrandrine on cytosolic calcium in human leukaemic HL‐60 cells: intracellular calcium release and calcium entry blockade (1994)

1. Tetrandrine (TET, a Ca2+ antagonist of Chinese herbal origin) and thapsigargin (TSG, an endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ pump inhibitor) concentration-dependently mobilized Ca2+ from intracellular stores of HL-60 cells, with EC50 values of 20 microM and 0.8 nM, respectively. After intracellular Ca2+ release by 30 nM TSG, there was no more discharge of Ca2+ by TET (100 microM), and vice versa. 2. Pretreatments with 100 nM rauwolscine (alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist), 100 nM prazosin (alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist), 10 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA, a protein kinase C activator) or 100 nM staurosporine (a protein kinase C inhibitor) had no effect on 100 microM TET-induced intracellular Ca2+ release. 3. After intracellular Ca2+ release by 30 nM TSG in Ca(2+)-free medium, readmission of Ca2+ caused a substantial and sustained extracellular Ca2+ entry. The latter was almost completely inhibited by 100 microM TET (IC50 of 20 microM) added just before Ca2+ readmission. In Ca(2+)-containing medium, 30 nM TSG caused a sustained phase of cytosolic Ca2+ elevation, which could be abolished by 100 microM TET. TET was also demonstrated to retard basal entry of extracellular Mn2+ and completely inhibit TSG-stimulated extracellular Mn2+ entry. 4. TSG-induced extracellular Ca2+ entry was insensitive to the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker, nifedipine (1 microM), but was completely inhibited by the non-selective Ca2+ channel blocker La3+ (300 microM). Depolarization with 100 mM KCl did not raise the cytosolic Ca2+ level. 5. These data suggest that (a) TET and TSG mobilized the same Ca2+ pool and TET-induced intracellular Ca2+ release was independent of protein kinase C activity and ox-adrenoceptor activation,and (b) TET blocked the voltage-insensitive Ca2+ entry pathway activated by TSG. These dual effects on HL-60 cells were also observed with hernandezine (HER), a TET-like compound and in another cell type, murine B lymphoma M12.4 cells.
CoTiO&lt;tex&gt;$_3$&lt;/tex&gt;High-&lt;tex&gt;$kappa$&lt;/tex&gt;Dielectrics on HSG for DRAM Applications (2004)

In this paper, a new high-/spl kappa/ dielectric CoTiO/sub 3/ has been investigated for the first time on hemispherical grained (HSG) poly-Si dynamic random access memories capacitors. Three types of HSG were prepared. We found that capacitors with maximum grain size and the highest density exhibit twice the capacitance of the others. The dielectric constant for CoTiO/sub 3/ was estimated to be larger than 50. Leakage current measurements performed at temperatures as high as 100/spl deg/C show that this dielectric is stable. The polarity dependence is found to be due to the different barrier heights with the nitride barrier. A leakage mechanism is proposed for this polarity dependence.
Natural Terpenes as Penetration Enhancers for Transdermal Drug Delivery (2016)

The greatest hindrance for transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is the barrier property of skin, especially the stratum corneum (SC). Various methodologies have been investigated and developed to enhance the penetration of drugs through the skin. Among them, the most popular approach is the application of penetration enhancers (PEs), including natural terpenes, a very safe and effective class of PEs. In the present paper, we focused on terpenes as skin PEs for TDD. The mechanism of their action, the factors affecting their penetration enhancement effect, as well as their possible skin toxicity were discussed. Terpenes abundant in nature have great potential in the development of PEs. Compared to synthetic PEs, natural terpenes have been proved to possess higher enhancement activity. Interaction with SC intercellular lipids is the main mechanism of action for terpenes. The key factor affecting the enhancement effect is the lipophilicity of both terpenes and drug molecules. In addition, a lot of terpenes have also been proved to be much less toxic compared to azone, the classic synthetic PE. In summary, terpenes may be preferred over the chemically synthesized compounds as safe and effective PEs to promote the percutaneous absorption of drugs.
Metasurface Device with Helicity‐Dependent Functionality (2015)

Driven by miniaturization and system integration, ultrathin, multifunction optical elements are urgently needed. Traditional polarization‐selective optical elements are mainly based on birefringence, which is realized by using the well‐designed structure of each phase pixel. However, further reduction of the pixel size and improvement of the phase levels are hindered by the complicated fabrication process. An approach is proposed to realize a metasurface device that possesses two distinct functionalities. The designed metasurface device, consisting of gold nanorods with spatially varying orientation, has been experimentally demonstrated to function as either a lens or a hologram, depending on the helicity of the incident light. As the phase of the scattered light is controlled by the orientation of the nanorods, arbitrary phase levels and dispersionless phase profile can be realized through a much simpler fabrication process than the conventional device. This approach provides an unconventional alternative to realize multifunction optical element, dramatically increasing the functionality density of the optical systems.