gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast microwave-driven three-qubit gates for cavity-coupled superconducting qubits (2017)

Although single- and two-qubit gates are sufficient for universal quantum computation, single-shot three-qubit gates greatly simplify quantum error correction schemes and algorithms. We design fast, high-fidelity three-qubit entangling gates based on microwave pulses for transmon qubits coupled through a superconducting resonator. We show that when interqubit frequency differences are comparable to single-qubit anharmonicities, errors occur primarily through a single unwanted transition. This feature enables the design of fast three-qubit gates based on simple analytical pulse shapes that are engineered to minimize such errors. We show that a three-qubit ccz gate can be performed in 260 ns with fidelities exceeding $99.38%$, or $99.99%$ with numerical optimization.
Neural network processing of cervical smears can lead to a decrease in diagnostic variability and an increase in screening efficacy: a study of 63 false-negative smears. (1994)

A realistic approach for decreasing the number of erroneous diagnoses plaguing cervical cytology screening is to try to reduce the amount of nondiagnostic visual information. The neural network of PAPNET selects 128 cytological views from the routinely prepared smear which in digitized form can be displayed on a high-resolution videoscreen. From these 128 videotiles the abnormal ones can be selected by the diagnostician and brought together on the "summarizing videoscreen" containing 16 tiles. Thus, the diagnostic information can be further condensed. This facilitates the proper interpretation of the diagnostic cell material dispersed over the smear. A series of 63 false-negative smears were rescreened twice conventionally and twice using the PAPNET-assisted method. We found that, using PAPNET, the screening efficacy increased and the diagnostic variability decreased. The PAPNET in particular proved to be superior for smears containing few abnormal cells and cases of malignancies of the reserve cell lineage.
A linoleic acid (8R)-dioxygenase and hydroperoxide isomerase of the fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis. Biosynthesis of (8R)-hydroxylinoleic acid and (7S,8S)-dihydroxylinoleic acid from (8R)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid. (1992)

The fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis metabolized linoleic acid extensively to (8R)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid, (8R)-hydroxylinoleic acid, and threo-(7S,8S)-dihydroxylinoleic acid. When G. graminis was incubated with linoleic acid under an atmosphere of oxygen-18, the isotope was incorporated into (8R)-hydroxylinoleic acid and 7,8-dihydroxylinoleic acid. The two hydroxyls of the latter contained either two oxygen-18 or two oxygen-16 atoms, whereas a molecular species that contained both oxygen isotopes was formed in negligible amounts. Glutathione peroxidase inhibited the biosynthesis of 7,8-dihydroxylinoleic acid. These findings demonstrated that the diol was formed from (8R)-hydroperoxylinoleic acid by intramolecular hydroxylation at carbon 7, catalyzed by a hydroperoxide isomerase. The (8R)-dioxygenase appeared to metabolize substrates with a saturated carboxylic side chain and a 9Z-double bond. G. graminis also formed omega 2- and omega 3-hydroxy metabolites of the fatty acids. In addition, linoleic acid was converted to small amounts of nearly (65% R) racemic 10-hydroxy-8,12-octadecadienoic acid by incorporation of atmospheric oxygen. An unstable metabolite, 11-hydroxylinoleic acid, could also be isolated as well as (13R,13S)-hydroxy-(9E,9Z), (11E)-octadecadienoic acids and (9R,9S)-hydroxy-(10E), (12E,12Z)-octadecadienoic acids. In summary, G. graminis contains a prominent linoleic acid (8R)-dioxygenase, which differs from the lipoxygenase family of dioxygenases by catalyzing the formation of a hydroperoxide without affecting the double bonds of the substrate.
Effects of age on the serum concentration of α1-acid glycoprotein and the binding of lidocaine in pediatric patients (1989)

We determined the effect of age on the serum concentration of alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (alpha 1-AGP) in venous blood from 134 subjects who ranged in age from preterm neonates to 18-year-old adolescents. The mean (+/- SD) serum concentration of alpha 1-AGP, determined by radial immunodiffusion, increased significantly with age: the concentration found in neonates was less than that found in infants which, in turn, was less than that found in older children (p less than 0.001). In addition, we determined the effect of alpha 1-AGP on the free fraction of lidocaine in four groups of infants and children who received intravenous lidocaine (1.5 mg/kg). The percentage of free lidocaine correlated inversely and linearly with the serum alpha 1-AGP concentration (r2 = 0.617; p less than 0.001). The percentage of free lidocaine in the five neonates exceeded that in the older age groups. We conclude that the serum concentration of alpha 1-AGP increases while the free fraction of lidocaine decreases from early infancy to adolescence.
Purification and properties of the α‐acetolactate decarboxylase from <i>Lactococcus lactis</i> subsp. <i>lactis</i> NCDO 2118 (1994)

alpha-Acetolactate decarboxylase from Lactococcus lactis subsp. lactis NCDO 2118 was expressed at low levels in cell extracts and was also unstable. The purification was carried out from E. coli in which the enzyme was expressed 36-fold higher. The specific activity was 24-fold enhanced after purification. The main characteristics of alpha-acetolactate decarboxylase were: (i) activation by the three branched chain amino acids leucine, valine and isoleucine; (ii) allosteric properties displayed in absence and Michaelis kinetics in the presence of leucine. The enzyme is composed of six identical subunits of 26,500 Da.
Tight bounds for online vector bin packing (2013)

In the d-dimensional bin packing problem (VBP), one is given vectors x1,x2, ... ,xn ∈ Rd and the goal is to find a partition into a minimum number of feasible sets: {1,2 ... ,n} = ∪is Bi. A set Bi is feasible if ∑j ∈ Bi xj ≤ 1, where 1 denotes the all 1's vector. For online VBP, it has been outstanding for almost 20 years to clarify the gap between the best lower bound Ω(1) on the competitive ratio versus the best upper bound of O(d). We settle this by describing a Ω(d1-ε) lower bound. We also give strong lower bounds (of Ω(d1/B-ε) ) if the bin size B ∈ Z+ is allowed to grow. Finally, we discuss almost-matching upper bound results for general values of B; we show an upper bound whose exponent is additively "shifted by 1" from the lower bound exponent.
Estrogen binding proteins of calf uterus. Molecular and functional characterization of the receptor transforming factor: A Ca2+-activated protease. (1977)

It was previously shown that calf uterus cytosol contains a Ca2+-activated receptor transforming factor (RTF) which irreversibly converts the larger molecular states of estrogen receptor (5.3 to 8.6 S, depending on ionic strength) into a smaller, salt-stable form (4.5 S, independent of ionic strength). We now describe a method for rapid and reliable separation of precursor and RTF-transformed receptor forms, which takes advantage of a difference in isoelectric point between the two: the more acidic precursor (isoelectric point, 6.2) is still retained by DEAE-cellulose under conditions (0.12 M KCl, pH 8.3) which produce release from cellulose of the less acidic transformed form (isoelectric point, 6.6 to 6.8). Based on this method of separation, RTF activity can be assayed easily and we could thus progress in the purification and physical and functional characterization of this factor, RTF has been purified about 100-fold. Molecular properties, as assayed by methods suited to partially purified preparations, are as follows: sedimentation coefficient, 6.4 S; Stokes radius, 45 A; molecular weight, 115,000; isoelectric point, 4.9. The Michaelis constant, expressed as moles/liter of estradiol binding sites, is 1.25 X 10(8), at pH 7.5 and 4 degrees, pH 8.5 is optimum for activity. RTF attacks native casein (Km, 1.25 X 10(-5) mol/liter at pH 7.5 and 22 degrees) but not hemoglobin, ovalbumin, or albumin. N-Benzoylarginine methyl ester is a competitive inhibitor of RTF-induced receptor transformation, while L-leucylglycylglycine and N-benzoyltyrosinamide are not. RTF activity is protected by -SH compounds. RTF activity is Ca2+-dependent. Ca2+ starts an activation-inactivation cycle of RTF, with permanent loss of transforming activity which proceeds at a particularly fast rate in the absence of substrate. Mg2+ is inactive, while Sr2+ and Mn2+ may in part substitute for Ca2+. RTF is present in both endometrium and myometrium. RTF is not a lysosomal hydrolase, as shown by its alkaline pH optimum (8.5) and exclusive location in cytosol, nor is it trypsin or a protease of the trypsin group. Also, it is distinct from known proteases of human uterus. The functional significance of this Ca2+-activated protease of cytosol with alkaline pH optimum and high affinity for the larger native form of receptor is still unknown.
Residual monomers (TEGDMA and Bis‐GMA) of a set visible‐light‐cured dental composite resin when immersed in water (1991)

Rods of a visible-light-cured dental composite resin were photo-polymerized and immersed in water at 37 degrees C for 7 days. The residual monomers (TEGDMA and Bis-GMA) trapped in the set composite and those eluted into water were analysed by gas-liquid chromatography. It became evident that minor amounts of the residual monomers dissolved in water, but that most residual monomers remained in the set composite. Extension of the irradiation period contributed to the significant reduction in the residual monomer level and its elution into water.
Room-Temperature Tunnel Magnetoresistance and Spin-Polarized Tunneling through an Organic Semiconductor Barrier (2007)

Electron spin-polarized tunneling is observed through an ultrathin layer of the molecular organic semiconductor tris(8-hydroxyquinolinato)aluminum (Alq3). Significant tunnel magnetoresistance (TMR) was measured in a Co/Al2O3/Alq3/NiFe magnetic tunnel junction at room temperature, which increased when cooled to low temperatures. Tunneling characteristics, such as the current-voltage behavior and temperature and bias dependence of the TMR, show the good quality of the organic tunnel barrier. Spin polarization (P) of the tunnel current through the Alq3 layer, directly measured using superconducting Al as the spin detector, shows that minimizing formation of an interfacial dipole layer between the metal electrode and organic barrier significantly improves spin transport.
Mutations at specific <i>atp6</i> codons which cause human mitochondrial diseases also lead to male sterility in a plant (1998)

Defects in the human mitochondrial genetic system result in some diseases. These disorders are the result of rearrangements or point mutations in mitochondrial genes. In higher plants mutations and rearrangements in the mitochondrial DNA are believed to cause cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS), a mitochondrially inherited inability to produce viable pollen. In sorghum, formation of CMS is strongly correlated with anther-specific loss of mitochondrial atp6 RNA editing. Here we show that this loss of atp6 RNA editing mimics point mutations at codons that cause severe disorders in humans. We conclude that (i) loss of RNA editing in sorghum anthers probably causes CMS, (ii) similarities exist in the onset of mitochondrial dysfunction in plant and human tissues, and (iii) the evolutionary appearance of RNA editing provided a mechanism to compensate for otherwise lethal point mutations.
High-tech ceramics (1984)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTHigh-tech ceramicsHOWARD J. SANDERSView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1984, 62, 28, 26–40Publication Date (Print):July 9, 1984Publication History Published online7 November 2010Published inissue 9 July 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v062n028.p026https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v062n028.p026newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1984 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Ceramics Get e-Alerts
Role for Centromeric Heterochromatin and PML Nuclear Bodies in the Cellular Response to Foreign DNA (2006)

Nuclear spatial positioning plays an important role in the epigenetic regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. Here we show a role for nuclear spatial positioning in regulating episomal transgenes that are delivered by virus-like particles (VLPs). VLPs mediate the delivery of plasmid DNA (pDNA) to cell nuclei but lack viral factors involved in initiating and regulating transcription. By tracking single fluorescently labeled VLPs, coupled with luciferase reporter gene assays, we found that VLPs transported pDNA to cell nuclei efficiently but transgenes were immediately silenced by the cell. An investigation of the nuclear location of fluorescent VLPs revealed that the pDNAs were positioned next to centromeric heterochromatin. The activation of transcription by providing viral factors or inhibiting histone deacetylase activity resulted in the localization to euchromatin regions. Further, the activation of transcription induced the recruitment of PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) to the VLPs. This association did not play a role in regulating transgene expression, but PML protein was necessary for the inhibition of transgene expression with alpha interferon (IFN-alpha). These results support a model whereby cells can prevent foreign gene expression at two levels: by positioning transgenes next to centromeric heterochromatin or, if that is overcome, via the type I IFN response facilitated by PML-NB recruitment.
Acoustoelectric detection of ultrasound power with composite piezoelectric and semiconductor devices (1988)

The acoustoelectric interaction between an ultrasound wave propagating in a thin piezoelectric plate and an adjacent semiconductor results in a current that is proportional to the ultrasound intensity. These devices, inherently insensitive to the phase of the acoustic wavefront, can be used for large-area total power meters as well as spot intensity meters. They have broadband response and are capable of following the envelope of typical diagnostic imaging pulses. A previously derived model describing the interaction is reviewed. Experimental results obtained with several detectors are presented, including sensitivity and frequency response.
Establishment and characterization of a human gastric carcinoma cell line that is highly metastatic to lymph nodes. (2000)

The actual mechanisms by which carcinoma cells metastasize to lymph nodes are still unclear, and there is a need to establish in vivo experimental models suitable for the investigation of lymph node metastasis. For the purpose, we established a highly lymph node-metastasizing line, designated AZL5G, derived from a human gastric cancer cell line, AZ521, which had low capacity for lymph node metastasis. AZL5G cells transplanted orthotopically in the nude mouse stomach metastasize predominantly to the regional lymph nodes, showing little potential for hematogenous metastasis. AZL5G tumors developing in the stomach and regional lymph nodes showed poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma with medullary growth, and their histologic appearance strongly resembled that of parental AZ521. The growth activities in vitro of low-metastatic AZ521 and high-metastatic AZL5G were almost the same, but the tumorigenicity in vivo of AZL5G was significantly higher than that of AZ521. AZL5G cells also showed clearly higher abilities of cell locomotion and adhesion to type IV collagen and fibronectin in vitro as compared with AZ521 cells. Flow cytometric analysis demonstrated that the expression of integrin beta1 subfamily except for alpha6 integrin was generally increased in AZL5G cells than in AZ521 cells. Especially, the expression of alpha1 and alpha2 integrins in AZL5G cells was clearly higher than in AZ521, while alpha(v)beta3 integrin, E-cadherin, ICAM-1 and CD44H were not expressed by either cell line. The cell adhesion blocking assay showed that DGEA-containing peptide, which is composed of alpha2 integrin recognition sequence, significantly reduced the adhesiveness of AZL5G cells to type IV collagen as well as to type I collagen and laminin. Furthermore, the administration of anti-alpha2 integrin mAb or DGEA peptide in AZL5G-transplanted nude mice produced a significant reduction in the number of lymph node metastases. These data suggest that the up-regulation of alpha2 integrin expression by gastric cancer cells may play a critical role in the process of lymph node metastasis through the increased adhesiveness to type IV collagen. In conclusion, we established a gastric cancer cell line, AZL5G, with a highly metastatic potential to lymph nodes. This well-characterized line and its in vivo experimental model should be useful for investigation of the mechanisms of lymph node metastasis and for establishment of a new therapeutic approach for human gastric cancer.
CD4+ mononuclear cells induce cytokine expression, vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and arterial occlusion after endothelial injury. (1994)

Studies of T cell-deficient or immunosuppressed animals undergoing arterial endothelial denudation have yielded conflicting results as to the contribution of the immune system to neointimal vascular smooth muscle cell accumulation and proliferation. We investigated the cell types and cytokine expression associated with intimal hyperplasia occurring 14 days after balloon angioplasty of the carotid artery in Sprague-Dawley rats. Immunohistological studies using monoclonal antibodies showed that the carotid luminal occlusion observed was associated with smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal accumulation of large numbers of CD4+, ED1+ mononuclear cells but no T cells. There was also wide-spread staining for the inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1B (IL-1 beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), and IL-8, as well as dense expression of the potent smooth muscle mitogens platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), and protein S. The relationship of smooth muscle cell proliferation to monocyte/macrophage accumulation and cytokine expression was tested by daily intraperitoneal administration for 14 days of a rat CD4-specific monoclonal antibody, BWH-4 (500 micrograms/day). Morphometric analysis at day 14 showed that the intimal area of animals treated with CD4 monoclonal antibody comprised 7% +/- 4% of the arterial wall compared with 50% +/- 6% in control animals (n = 6/group, P < 0.001). In addition, immunohistological studies showed that CD4 monoclonal antibody treatment markedly reduced the intimal accumulation of mononuclear and smooth muscle cells and essentially abrogated expression of the cytokines PDGF-BB, TGF-beta, IL-1 beta, TNF-alpha, and IL-8, plus the anticoagulant molecule, protein S. Our results document the extensive expression in vivo of cytokines that in vitro promote vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation, and suggest that CD4+ mononuclear cells or their secreted products play a key role in the pathogenesis of intimal hyperplasia after endothelial injury. Furthermore, these observations may have clinical relevance in the development of novel strategies to prevent arteriosclerosis.
An introduction to the Coriolis force (1990)

AcknowledgementsIntroductionProlegomenonI. Real and apparent force1.1 Real force1.1 Apparent forceExercisesConventions about notationII. Velocity and acceleration in plane polar coordinates2.1 Transformation of coordinates2.2 Velocity and accelerationExercisesIII. Rotating coordinate frames3.1 Coriolis force3.2 Magnitude of the Coriolis force3.3 Centrifugal and Coriolis forces in rotating rectangular coordinates3.4 Experts, novices and Hooke springs3.5 Trajectories in the absolute inertial reference frame3.6 A linkage analogy3.7 Trajectory in rotating frame3.8 Another approach using complex notation3.9 The usage of the words balance and equilibriumProblemsExercisesSome physical interpretation of what we have observed in exercise 3-1IV. The paraboloidal dish4.1 The paraboloid as a platform4.2 Small amplitude motions in the rotating frame4.3 First integralsProblemsExercisesV. Surfaces of revolution5.1 Hemispherical and paraboloidal dishes compared5.2 Comparison with the Hooke spring plane5.3 Results from first integrals5.4 The paraboloid5.5 The Hooke spring plane5.6 Spherical dish5.7 Rotation of the apsides5.8 Numerical solutionsProblemsExercisesVI. Velocity and acceleration in spherical coordinates6.1 Tranformation from cylindrical polar coordinates to spherical coordinates6.2 Alternative forms in inertial space6.3 Acceleration and Coriolis forces in rotating spherical coordinates6.4 Trajectories on the surface of a gravitating sphere6.5 Planer motion in spherical coordinatesProblemsExercisesVII. Huygen's rotating oblate earth7.1 Approximate figure of the earth7.2 Forces on a plumb bob7.3 Computing the bulge7.4 Novice particles on Huygen's spheroid7.5 Free fall from a short tower7.6 Calculation of the deflection of a falling particle in a rotating coordinate frame7.7 Fall from a tower calculated in inertial space7.7a Preliminary results regarding ellipses7.7b Freely falling particleProblemsExercisesSome further thought about the exercises of chapter 7VIII. Forced motion8.1 Real forces relative to the rotating system8.2 Balances among terms8.3 Response of a particle to a force of the first typeExercisesIX Refining the earth's platform9.1 Deficiencies of the Huygen's spheroid9.2 Combined centrifugal and gravitational potentials9.3 The concept of a platform as an equipotential surface9.4 Maclaurin's ellipsoid9.5 Particle motions on the Maclaurin ellipsoidProblemExercisesX. Concluding Materials10.1 General References--other places to look10.2 A vector derivation10.3 Size of accelerations and forces in terrestrial fluids10.4 Pressure gradiantsAppendix--The Compton generatorA.1 Historical backgroundA.2 Computation of flow in the Compton experiementA.3 Do it yourselfA.4 The Compton generatorA.5 Computation (1). Rotating reference frameA.6 Computation (2). As seen in intertial spaceA.7 Compton saves himselfExerciseEpilogue--Sample of the screen: Example 7-1Index
<i>ortho‐, meta‐</i>, and <i>para</i>‐Dihydroindenofluorene Derivatives as Host Materials for Phosphorescent OLEDs (2014)

This work reports the first structure-properties relationship study of ortho [2,1-c]-, meta [1,2-a]-, and para [1,2-b]dihydroindenofluorenes, highlighting the influence of bridge rigidification on the electronic properties. This study has made it possible to devise an extended π-conjugated molecule with both a high triplet state energy level and excellent thermal and morphological stability. As a proof of concept, dihydroindenofluorenes were used as the host in sky-blue phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs) with high performance.