gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Overview of Ultra-Wideband Technique Application for Medial Engineering (2007)

As a novel technique, the UWB has many applications worth to researching on. This paper mainly describes current research on UWB equipments for medical applications. The unique features of UWB technique make UWB adapt to medical field. Based on introducing the key features of UWB technique, two existing main biomedical applications are presented. Then the safety of UWB medical equipments is discussed, which is fundament of the biomedical applications. Finally a brief assessment of future trends for the UWB technique with a focus on biomedical applying engineer is provided, which is that the UWB technique has a wide application expectation for medical enginseering.
Statistical Timing Analysis in the Presence of Signal-Integrity Effects (2007)

Signal-integrity effects have significant impacts on very large-scale-integration performance variation and must be taken into account in statistical timing analysis. In this paper, we study the signal-propagation-delay variation that is induced by crosstalk aggressor signals. We establish a functional relationship between the signal propagation delay and the crosstalk aggressor signal alignment by deterministic circuit simulation and derive closed-form formulas for the statistical distributions of output signal arrival times. Our proposed method can be smoothly integrated into a static timing analyzer, wherein runtime is dominated by sampling the deterministic delay calculation, while probabilistic computation and updating take constant time. Experimental results based on the 1000- global interconnect structures in Berkeley Predictive Technology Model 70-nm technology and industry designs in 130-nm technology show that lack of statistical crosstalk aggressor signal alignment consideration could lead to up to 114.65% (71.26%) differences in interconnect-delay means (standard deviations) and 159.4% (147.4%) differences in gate-delay means (standard deviations). By contract, the method in our earlier work gives within 1.28% (3.38%) mismatch in interconnect output signal arrival time means (standard deviations) and within 2.57% (3.86%) mismatch in gate output signal arrival time means (standard deviations), respectively.
Model-driven integration of federated event services in real-time component middleware (2004)

Rapid advances in hardware, networking technologies and software technologies, including standards-based optimized component middleware, has enabled the growth of component middleware-based complex, large-scale distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems. These DRE systems found in different domains, such as avionics, telecommunications, defense, enterprise and healthcare, often use a publisher/subscriber communication paradigm, such as that provided by an event service. A federation of such event services provides a scalable solution to address the complex distribution challenges of DRE systems. By connecting event channels from different systems together a federated event service enables seamless and application-transparent interchange of event information across distribution boundaries.Although component middleware supports the creation of applications via composition of reusable and flexible software components, however, to deploy such systems effectively involves numerous challenges in integrating the various distributed components communicating via different event channels. Current state of the art in deploying a federation of event services for these component middleware-based DRE systems involves ad hoc techniques that are tedious and error-prone.This paper describes a novel scheme we have developed based on a model-based paradigm that resolves the challenges in configuring the federated event service. Our approach centers around the notion of the federated event service modeling language (FESML), which is a modeling tool we have developed to resolve the configuration and deployment challenges of federated event service for component middleware-based DRE systems.
Development of a High Speed Dynamics Simulator for Humanoid Robots (2005)

This paper describes the development of a high speed dynamic simulator for humanoid robots. In the simulator, an order n formulation is used to solve the inverse dynamics and forward dynamics of a multi-body system. The formulation can deal with a tree structure and multiple contacts with the environment. In order to simulate a collision with friction between the bodies and environments, a virtual spring-damper contact model is proposed. This model enables an accurate computation of the reaction forces and slips. A simulation of ascending steep stairs is carried out in order to demonstrate the validity of the simulation. The results of the simulation are presented and discussed.
Bending-loss studies of a single-mode triangular-index fiber with a depressed cladding ring with a vector-mode method (1994)

Attention is directed to the bending-loss properties of a triangular-index fiber with a depressed cladding ring, which can be advantageously used to obtain either a dispersion-shifted or a dispersion-flattened feature. Both cases are studied to search for the set of ring parameters that yield the lowest bending loss while ensuring a low dispersion. Near-optimal designs are proposed and compared with other well-known dispersion-shifted and dispersion-flattened fiber designs. The numerical methods used in our computations are the vector-mode power-series expansion method for fields and dispersion calculations and the volume-current method for bending-loss predictions.
Glutathione is required for intestinal function. (1990)

Glutathione (GSH) deficiency produced in mice by giving buthionine sulfoximine leads to severe degeneration of the epithelial cells of the jejunum and colon. This is prevented by giving GSH monoester (orally or i.p.) and also by giving GSH (orally, but not i.p.). The i.p. administration leads to high plasma levels of GSH but does not appreciably increase GSH levels in intestinal mucosa or pancreas. These and previous studies on lens, lung, lymphocytes, liver, heart, and skeletal muscle indicate that there is very little, if any, transport of intact GSH from plasma to these tissues. Cells can use extracellular GSH by a pathway involving its cleavage, uptake of products and intracellular GSH synthesis. Epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract may use this pathway and can also take up lumenal GSH (which arises partly from the bile) by a mechanism(s) that may involve transport of dipeptides or of GSH. It is suggested that biliary GSH normally functions in the protection of intestinal mucosa. Administration of GSH may be protective of the gastrointestinal epithelium and may also serve as a good source of cysteine moieties for intracellular GSH synthesis in the gastrointestinal tract and in other tissues. Administration of GSH delivery agents such as GSH esters is more effective than administration of GSH in increasing cellular and mitochondrial levels of GSH.
Image To Latex with DenseNet Encoder and Joint Attention. (2018)

Abstract Mathematical formula structural analysis usually converts mathematical formulas in images into Latex codes. It has been named as Image2Latex by OpenAi. At present, many researchers use the model in the field of image captioning for image2latex and have achieved good results. In this paper, we propose some improvements to the baseline model which is a sequence-to-sequence model used in image caption. We improve the encoder by employing densely connected convolutional network (DenseNet) because it can strengthen feature extraction and facilitate gradient propagation. We propose to use a more effective joint attention mechanism which include both spatial attention and channel-wise attention to solve this problem. We conducted experiments on the dataset im2latex-100k. Experimental results showed that our model improved the performance of formula analysis.
Successful Practices in the Use of Secure E-mail (2014)

Physician use of secure e-mail with patients is anticipated to increase under Stage 2 Meaningful Use requirements, but little is known about how physicians can successfully incorporate it into daily work. We interviewed 27 "super user" physicians at Kaiser Permanente and Group Health who were identified by leaders as being technologically, operationally, and clinically adept and as having high levels of secure e-mail use with patients. They highly valued the use of secure e-mail with patients, despite concerns about a lack of adequate time to respond, and provided tips for using it successfully. They identified benefits that included better care and improved relationships with their patients.
Very high efficiency optical coupler for silicon nanophotonic waveguide and single mode optical fiber (2017)

Integrated optical circuits are poised to open up an array of novel applications. A vibrant field of research has emerged around the monolithic integration of optical components onto the silicon substrates. Typically, single mode optical fibers deliver the external light to the chip, and submicron single-mode waveguides then guide the light on-chip for further processing. For such technology to be viable, it is critically important to be able to efficiently couple light into and out of the chip platform, and between the different components, with low losses. Due to the large volume mismatch between a fiber and silicon waveguide (on the order of 600), it has been extremely challenging to obtain high coupling efficient with large tolerance. To date, demonstrated coupling has been relatively lossy and effective coupling requires impractical alignment of optical components. Here, we propose the use of a high contrast metastructure (HCM) that overcomes these issues, and effectively couples the off-chip, out-of-plane light waves into on-chip, in-plane waveguides. By harnessing the resonance properties of the metastructure, we show that it is possible to spatially confine the incoming free-space light into subwavelength dimensions with a near-unity (up to 98%) efficiency. The underlying coupling mechanism is analyzed and designs for practical on-chip coupler and reflector systems are presented. Furthermore, we explore the two-dimensional HCM as an ultra-compact wavelength multiplexer with superior efficiency (90%).
Multisubstrate adducts as potential inhibitors of S-adenosylmethionine dependent methylases: inhibition of indole N-methyltransferase by (5H-deoxyadenosyl)[3-(3-indolyl)propyl-1-yl]methylsulfonium and (5'-deoxyadenosyl)[4-(3-indolyl)but-1-yl]methylsulfonium salts (1983)

Multisubstrate adducts of the indole N-methyltransferase reaction have been designed in which a structural moiety representing the nucleophilic methyl acceptor is attached through the sulfur atom to the 5-(methylthio)adenosine and/or methionine moieties of the methyl donor, S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Indole derivatives attached through a 4-(3-indolyl)butyl sulfide or a 3-(3-indolyl)propyl sulfide linkage to 5'-thioadenosine or homocysteine have been synthesized, together with their corresponding methylsulfonium salts. These compounds have been assayed for their ability to inhibit rabbit lung indole N-methyltransferase. The adenosylsulfonium salts (5'-deoxyadenosyl)[4-(3-indolyl)but-1-yl]methylsulfonium perchlorate and (5'-deoxyadenosyl)[3-(3-indolyl)prop-1-yl]-methylsulfonium perchlorate were found to be inhibitors of this enzyme with Ki's of 12 and 44 microM, respectively. Neither of these compounds was effective in inhibiting the methylation of 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catalyzed by purified porcine catechol O-methyltransferase.
Thermochemical stability diagrams for condensed phases and tabulation of volatile species over condensed phases for thirteen metal-oxygen-silicon systems at 1000 and 1250 K: Volume 2: Final report (1989)

Thermochemical stability diagrams for oxide and silicide phases in mixed oxidation and silicide forming reactions are useful for the interpretation of the high temperature oxidation reactions which occur. In addition an analysis of the volatile metal and oxide species which develop at the several interfaces are useful in a complete analysis of high temperature oxidation. This work begins with a literature survey of the high temperature oxidation of metal silicides. The major part of the report is a description of the stability diagrams and the volatile species in the Ca-O-Si, C-O-Si, Fe-O-Si, Mn-O-Si, Mo-O-Si, Ni-O-Si, Nb-O-Si, Ta-O-Si, Ti-O-Si, V-O-Si, W-O-Si and Zr-O-Si systems. The importance of forming a SiO/sub 2/(s) film, the volatility of metal and oxide species, the melting points of the condensed phases and the formation of SiO(g) are discussed with regard to the high temperature oxidation of the metal silicides. 37 refs., 16 figs., 19 tabs.
Design of GSM-Based Tele-monitoring and Alarm System for Disposable Diaper (2013)

The Internet of Things gives us an idea of connecting what we care about together. Based on this idea, this paper provides a method to connect the information of the aim place's temperature or humidity to users through GSM network. The paper also presents the steps of the design and our successful experiments. Firstly, an overall design is presented. It is mainly about how the MCU detects humidity and controls GSM module to send a short message. Then, the needed components are chosen. ATmega16A is chosen as the micro controller. SIM900A is chosen as the GSM Module. SHT11 is chosen as the sensor. After that, the hardware circuit is designed. At last, the paper introduces a detailed method of collecting data by SHT11 and sending message by SIM900A.
Heuristics for the exam scheduling problem (2002)

As part of the process of creating a campus-wide timetabling system for the National University of Singapore, the authors investigated examination-scheduling algorithms. The challenge in exam scheduling is to draw up the final examination timetable, taking into account a number of different constraints. The authors propose a different approach when the interexamination gaps (termed paper spread) of each student should be maximized. The results compare favorably against the actual timetable produced by the current manual system.
Properties of Al-doped ZnO film transistors with different source and drain electrodes (2014)

We report the influences of Al doping and source/drain electrodes on the electrical performances of ZnO thin film transistors (TFTs).The electron mobility of Al-doped ZnO (AZO) films increases by two orders of magnitude with 1% Al doping, thus improving the performances of ZnO TFTs. TFTs with Ti/Pt source/drain electrodes exhibit better saturation and ON/OFF properties than that with Al electrodes, however, its drain current is relatively lower due to the Schottky structure formed between Pt/Ti and AZO layers.
Measurement of phase-shift masks (1993)

We discuss in this paper the use of the confocal microscope and an interferometric microscope for measurement of phase-shift masks. It is shown that phase measurements are more accurate than intensity measurements for determining the depth and slope of the sides of a notch. Results obtained on an isotropically etched mask, with curved bottom corners, are predicted well by our imaging theory. Solid immersion lens techniques for observing a mask from the flat side are demonstrated.
Gene Cloning in Clostridia (2005)

Davis, I., Carter, G., Young, M., Minton, N.P. (2005). Gene cloning in Clostridia. in: Handbook on Clostridia. (Eds)Duerre, P., Pages 37-52
The role of cerebrospinal fluid pressure in glaucoma and other ophthalmic diseases: A review (2013)

Glaucoma is one of the most common causes of blindness in the world. Well-known risk factors include age, race, a positive family history and elevated intraocular pressures. A newly proposed risk factor is decreased cerebrospinal fluid pressure (CSFP). This concept is based on the notion that a pressure differential exists across the lamina cribrosa, which separates the intraocular space from the subarachnoid fluid space. In this construct, an increased translaminar pressure difference will occur with a relative increase in elevated intraocular pressure or a reduction in CSFP. This net change in pressure is proposed to act on the tissues within the optic nerve head, potentially contributing to glaucomatous optic neuropathy. Similarly, patients with ocular hypertension who have elevated CSFPs, would enjoy a relatively protective effect from glaucomatous damage. This review will focus on the current literature pertaining to the role of CSFP in glaucoma. Additionally, the authors examine the relationship between glaucoma and other known CSFP-related ophthalmic disorders.
Effect of Antimony Concentration on the Crystalline Structure, Dielectric, and Piezoelectric Properties of (Na <sub>0.5</sub> K <sub>0.5</sub> ) <sub>0.945</sub> Li <sub>0.055</sub> Nb <sub> 1− <i>x</i> </sub> Sb <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> O <sub>3</sub> Solid Solutions (2007)

The effect of antimony concentration on the piezoelectric properties of (Na 0.5 K 0.5 ) 0.945 Li 0.055 Nb 1− x Sb x O 3 was examined for 0≤ x ≤0.1. The piezoelectric coefficients exhibited a maximum, d 33 =240 pC/N and d 31 =−82 pC/N at x =0.04, coinciding with the maximum of the grain size and the apparent density at x =0.04. The grain size, the apparent density, and the piezoelectric coefficients decreased with an increasing x at higher x likely due to the onset of a Sb‐rich second phase. The weight fraction of the tetragonal phase increased with an increasing x to almost unity at x =0.1, likely also contributing to the decrease in the piezoelectric coefficients at higher x .
Minimization Over Boolean Graphs (1962)

This paper presents a systematic procedure for the design of gate-type combinational switching circuits without directed loops. Each such circuit (Boolean graph) is in correspondence with a sequence of decompositions of the Boolean function which it realizes. A general approach to functional decomposition is given and, in terms of a convenient positional representation, efficient tests for the detection of decompositions are derived. These results are employed in the development of an alphabetic search procedure for determining minimum-cost Boolean graphs which satisfy any given design specifications.
Dipyridamole enhancement of toxicity to L1210 cells by deoxyadenosine and deoxycoformycin combinations in vitro. (1984)

The combination of 2'-deoxyadenosine and deoxycoformycin is known to be markedly toxic to T-lymphocyte cell lines relative to B-cell lines, and this difference appears to be related to the capacity of the cells to accumulate deoxyadenosine triphosphate (dATP). In the presence of dipyridamole and 2'-deoxyadenosine and when adenosine deaminase was inhibited with deoxycoformycin, the L1210 leukemia cell which is a non-T-, non-B-cell type accumulated dATP like a T-cell type. The intracellular L1210 concentration of dATP using the triple combination (1.1 microM deoxycoformycin-40 microM deoxyadenosine-10 microM dipyridamole) reached 400 microM at which concentration ribonucleotide reductase specific activity was reduced by 80%. While this degree of enzyme may be significant, complete inhibition might have been expected, since 400 microM dATP is approximately 40 times the concentration to give 50% inhibition in some purified systems.
Stability of Mixtoxantrone Hydrochloride in Solution (1994)

A stability-indicating reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatographic method was developed for the detection of mitoxantrone HC1 and its degradation products under accelerated degradation conditions. The degradation kinetics of mitoxantrone HC1 in aqueous solution over a pH range of 1.18 to 7.20 and its stability in propylene glycol-or polyethylene glycol 400-based solutions were investigated. The observed rate constants were shown to follow apparent first-order kinetics in all cases. The pH-rate profile shows that maximum stability of mitoxantrone HC1 was obtained at pH 4.01. No general acid or base catalysis from acetate or phosphate buffer species was observed. The catalysis rate constants on the protonated mitoxantrone imposed by hydrogen ion water and hydroxy ion were determined to be 3.72 × 10 min−1 5.64 × 10-min−1 and 1.108 × 10−2min−1, respectively. The degradation rate constants of mitoxantrone affected by different ionic strength systems. Irradiation with 254 nm UV light at 25±0.5°C was found when canpared with the light-protected controls. Incorporation of nonaqueous propylene glycol or polyethylene glycol in the pH 4.01 mitoxantrone solution shows an increase in its stability at 502±0.5°C.
Object oriented ARM7 coprocessor (2002)

This paper presents preliminary results on the design of an Object Coprocessor (OCP) cooperating with a RISC-architecture processor (ARM7, by Advanced RISC Machines Ltd). This coprocessor implements in hardware some low-level processing and control steps required by the object-oriented model. The processor and the OCP constitute a processing architecture whose extended instruction set features "object" treatment capabilities. Some special coprocessor instruction codes ("Object Instructions") have been introduced. Concepts such as "Polymorphism" and "Virtual methods" are supported at the hardware level. Preliminary results using typical object-oriented sequences show a gain in speed over a pure software implementation, on the same RISC machine. The specific design presented here refers to a prototype implementation that is currently under development and supported by the European Union Esprit Project (7517 SUMIS).
Using process data to generate an optimal control policy via apprenticeship and reinforcement learning (2021)

Abstract Reinforcement learning (RL) is a data‐driven approach to synthesizing an optimal control policy. A barrier to wide implementation of RL‐based controllers is its data‐hungry nature during online training and its inability to extract useful information from human operator and historical process operation data. Here, we present a two‐step framework to resolve this challenge. First, we employ apprenticeship learning via inverse RL to analyze historical process data for synchronous identification of a reward function and parameterization of the control policy. This is conducted offline. Second, the parameterization is improved online efficiently under the ongoing process via RL within only a few iterations. Significant advantages of this framework include to allow for the hot‐start of RL algorithms for process optimal control, and robust abstraction of existing controllers and control knowledge from data. The framework is demonstrated on three case studies, showing its potential for chemical process control.
Ligation mediated PCR performed at low denaturation temperatures--PCR melting profiles (2003)

We show that using low denaturation temperatures (80-88 degrees C) during ligation mediated PCR (LM PCR) of bacterial DNA leads to the amplification of limited sets of the less stable DNA fragments. A set of electrophoretic patterns of such fragments obtained at different denaturation temperatures forms the PCR melting profile (PCR MP). A single pattern obtained for a given temperature and a set of patterns arising after application of several denaturation temperatures (PCR MP) are very specific for the given bacterial genome and may be used for strain characterisation and differentiation. The method may also be used for amplification and isolation of the less stable DNA fragments in a genome.