gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Surface Tension on Effective Packing Area (2008)

Effective packing areas of Sulzer Mellapak 250Y and 500Y structured packings were determined in a 0.46-m OD packed column. A chemical method (absorption of CO2 from air using 0.1 kmol/m3 NaOH) was employed for the measurements. The packing performance was reported as fractional area, defined as effective area normalized by specific packing area. Under high surface tension conditions (∼72 mN/m), the fractional area decreased by approximately a factor of 2 in going from the 250Y to the 500Y packing. When similar tests were conducted at reduced surface tensions (∼35 mN/m, achieved by the addition of surfactant), the fractional area of the 250Y was unchanged, whereas that of the 500Y increased by 50% relative to the base case. The results indicate that, at high surface tension, access to the surface of the 500Y packing was being inhibited. Lowering the surface tension served to maximize the effective area of the packing.
Variable-bit-rate HDTV codec for ATM networks (1992)

A variable-bit-rate HDTV codec based on a motion-adaptive DCT and multimode quantisation is developed for ATM environments in B-ISDN. Adaptive 2-layered coding and error concealment are implemented to keep picture quality high by compensating for ATM cell loss. The codec hardware restricts the peak bit rate to 65 Mbit/s for HDTV conference application and to 130Mbit/s for secondary distribution. Experimental transport shows that the ATM cell loss compensation scheme has good resilience at a cell error rate as high as 10−4.
A demonstration HTS magnet for minesweeping application (2000)

The potential of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) magnets for use in naval mine countermeasure (MCM) systems is being investigated. Parametric studies were performed to determine an optimal system that fits within a 560-mm diameter by 3-m long envelope, and is capable of generating a dipole moment of 300 kAm/sup 2/. A demonstration model magnet, of dipole moment 15 kAm/sup 2/, was layer-wound on a 457-mm mandrel. This is one of the largest layer-wound HTS solenoid magnets constructed to date. The magnet is conduction-cooled with a two-stage cryocooler. It has low AC loss and can be ramped up to full current (381 A) in 1 second. The magnet has been tested to 400 A DC current with minimal voltage. The design and construction of the magnet will be presented.
The TAD Integrated Crosspoint Array-Application and Performance in Wescom's 501 EPABX (1974)

TAD is a mnemonic for threshold-activated diode or telephone access device. It was designed at Wescom for its new 501 telephone electronic private automatic branch exchange (EPABX). A single TAD is a composite p-n-p-n diode. 45 TAD's with associated exclusive path control have been integrated into a 5 × 9 monolithic crosspoint array and packaged in a 16-pin DIP. The 501 matrix is a 150 × 135 rectangular matrix comprising nine 7 × 11 in printed circuit boards with 50 DIP's per board. The significance of the TAD as a replacement for previously used crosspoint switches occurs due to its cost savings and size reduction. For a small EPABX, crosspoint minimization techniques using blocking and/or a multiple stage array are not needed, since a singlestage rectangular array is very practicable. Furthermore, the system architecture is simplified, which results in a further size and price savings for the basic system. The individual TAD is a two-port device which has common marking and transmission terminals. Insertion loss of a fired TAD is 0.1-0.2 dB when terminated in 600 Ω impedances. Voice frequency crosstalk isolation between adjacent paths exceeds 100 dB. Marking of the anode occurs by turning on a current source whose voltage changes from a quiescent 0 V to + 13 V dc while marking of the cathode occurs by activating a current sink whose terminating voltage linearly ramps from +15 V dc to +4 V dc. In a multiplestage application, definite available paths are selectable with a simple system control.
Sectas religiosas socialmente peligrosas en Chile: caracterización, régimen aplicable y armonización de los principios jurídicos de libertad religiosa y orden público en su consideración jurisdiccional y administrativa (2015)

El articulo efectua una nueva revision del fenomeno sectario en la sociedad chilena, dentro de la cual incluye una primera aproximacion caracterizadora de las agrupaciones que revisten este perfil desde la perspectiva de la relacion social de su organizacion con el estado y una sintetica evaluacion de los mecanismo en actual aplicacion para prevenir sus efectos anti sistemicos, a la luz de la necesidad de conciliacion de los principios de orden publico democratico y libertad religiosa.
Racecadotril demonstrates intestinal antisecretory activity in vivo (1999)

This study directly demonstrates the antisecretory activity of racecadotril in relation to the protection of endogenous enkephalins.
Introduction (1950)

In recent years a variety of events and causes has aroused a concern on the part of engineers over the changes in the physical and mechanical properties of materials which may be expected when they are called upon to operate at extremely low temperatures. During the recent war, our outposts in Alaska made observations on the performance of their equipment at low temperatures. More recently, “Operation Frostbite” was reported in the daily press, and served to dramatize and create interest in this problem. Modern chemical processes seem to be increasingly demanding of equipment at low temperatures.
Recent advances in the process of flotation applied to the clarification of grape musts (1995)

Abstract Flotation applied to grape must and fruit juice clarification has been found during the last few years to be of considerable applied interest. The system allows the continuous treatment of a large quantity of raw must. It is possible to guide the liquid—solid separation up to the degree of limpidity desired, rationalising the use of fining agents. This process has been used together with the techniques of hyperoxygenation and cross‐flow filtration of must, and can thus be considered innovative both with regard to the process of elaborating stable wines and the production of new products, for example wines without sulphur dioxide.
Integrating artificial with natural cells to translate chemical messages that direct E. coli behaviour (2014)

Abstract Previous efforts to control cellular behaviour have largely relied upon various forms of genetic engineering. Once the genetic content of a living cell is modified, the behaviour of that cell typically changes as well. However, other methods of cellular control are possible. All cells sense and respond to their environment. Therefore, artificial, non-living cellular mimics could be engineered to activate or repress already existing natural sensory pathways of living cells through chemical communication. Here we describe the construction of such a system. The artificial cells expand the senses of Escherichia coli by translating a chemical message that E. coli cannot sense on its own to a molecule that activates a natural cellular response. This methodology could open new opportunities in engineering cellular behaviour without exploiting genetically modified organisms.
A Process for Solidifying Sodium Nitrate Waste in Polyethylene (1989)

A laboratory-scale process has been developed for the solidification of nitrate salt wastes in polyethylene. The process uses a commercially available single-screw extruder which continuously discharges prescribed polyethylene-waste mixtures from the hoppers to the output die, where it is extruded into a container while still in the molten form. The molten mixture (̃110 to 120°C) conforms to the shape of the container and solidifies upon cooling. Proportional feeders maintain waste-to-binder ratio and homogeneity of the waste form. Present studies use dry wastes, although wet solid wastes can be processed using vented extruders of the type used for the bitumen solidification process. Tests were performed to determine leachability and mechanical stability. Emphasis is placed upon leaching of nitrates from the waste forms. Leach tests were performed according to ANS 16.1 as well as the EPA extraction procedure (EP). For polyethylene waste forms containing 30 to 70 weight percent sodium nitrate, ANS 16.1 leach indices range from 11 to 7.8, respectively. Compressive yield strengths range from 18 to 5 MPa (after 90 days' water immersion). The results of the EP indicate that the nitrate release levels for waste forms containing as much as 70 weight % sodium nitrate are not defined as characteristically hazardous waste. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to confirm the compatability of polyethylene and simulated salt wastes at elevated temperatures. Components of the polyethylene/sodium nitrate system, alone and in combination, were tested by DSC at temperatures to 400°C. At these temperatures, no chemical interactions were observed between polyethylene and nitrate waste compositions.
Rank-order filtering in analog VLSI (2002)

An analog VLSI circuit that rank-order filters an array of analog inputs is presented. To prevent the rank-order filtering elements from consuming a prohibitively large amount of space on the input plane, ranks are computed only partially in parallel. This semi-parallel implementation of rank-order filtering is based on the inhibition of winner-take-all circuit elements that have been presented previously in the literature. These rank-order filtering elements are capable of ranking an unlimited number of analog inputs.
Hydraulic Gas Pump: A Discussion of its Power Usage (1995)

Abstract This paper presents the results of a study that compares the theoretically calculated power consumption of a Hydraulic Gas Pump, rod pumps, and electric submersible pumps. The results indicate that, depending on the flowing bottomhole pressure of a well, a Hydraulic Gas Pump can have lower power costs than a rod pump or a submersible pump. We present a method for calculating the power cost of a Hydraulic Gas Pump and discuss the relationship of the power cost of this pump to the flowing bottomhole pressure. Several graphs compare the calculated power consumption of a rod pump, submersible pump, and Hydraulic Gas Pump for well depths ranging between 6,000 and 10,000 feet; flowing bottomhole pressure ranging between 500 and 2,000 psi; and production rates of 300 and 500 BLPD.
<title>Dynamic generalized Hough transform</title> (1990)

A new algorithm for the Generalized Hough transform is presented. The information available in the distribution of image points is used to optimize the computation of the transform. The calculated parameters are those associated with a single image point and all other image points in combinations of the minimum number of points necessary to define an instance of the shape under detection. The method requires only one dimensional accumulation of evidence. Using the algorithm, the transform of sparse images is more efficiently calculated. Dense images may be segmented and similarly processed. In two dimensions, the method provides a feedback mechanism between image and transform space whereby contiguity of feature points and endpoints of curves may be determined.
Nonmechanical grating-generated scanning coherence microscopy (1998)

A novel method of coherence microscopy with a grating-generated delay line is demonstrated to produce depth-lateral images without axial or lateral scanning. A new image-reconstruction approach based on random phase modulation of the reference beam is realized. The depth-lateral reflections of test objects are digitally reconstructed with a simple algorithm.
Development of Packaging and Electrical Interfacing for Electrical Vehicles (2006)

Electric Vehicle becomes more and more popular today. Not even major car manufacturers, small vehicle manufacturers are also developing electric vehicles. How to design a good electric vehicle? A good electric vehicle has high power efficiency, which can drive the vehicle to the maximum travelling distance between battery recharging. A series of electric vehicle has been examined, designed and tested. The design including battery, motor and gear. A prototype based on electric motor, battery and light body design has been developed. The vehicle is designed to be of low motor power and low speed operation.
Comparative strategies of exploiting the 3rd harmonic signal energy in passive RFID tags (2016)

In this paper, the harmonic signals coming from the UHF RFID chips are exploited in two different ways. In the first application, the 3rd harmonic signal is combined with an external signal from a Wi-Fi source (at 2.45 GHz) in order to improve the power conversion efficiency of the energy harvester associated to the tag. In the second method, the 3rd harmonic signal is used alone as an energy source to supply a commercial temperature sensor associated with the tag.
AI research and applications in Digital's service organization (1992)

The Digital Services Research Group and its predecessor groups and offshoots in Digital Equipment Corporation have been mobilizing leading-edge AI research to bear on real-life problems that face the corporation and its customers. The general strategy of the group is to explore emerging techniques relevant to service and support needs through developing rapid prototypes, deploying these prototypes, and incorporating feedback from users. With over 32 major projects undertaken during the past decade, we have worked on broad spectrum of problems and explored a variety of advanced AI techniques. This article describes the current AI activities in five areas: (1) enterprise advisory systems, (2) natural language processing and textual information retrieval, (3) largescale knowledge base management and access, (4) software configuration management, and (5) intrusion detection. We also list some future research directions.
Adaptive reduced-state Viterbi algorithm detector (1986)

The paper describes a novel development of the Viterbi algorithm detector that is suitable for the detection of a convolutionally coded digital signal. The technique enables a substantial reduction in equipment complexity to be achieved, relative to that of the Viterbi algorithm detector, with only a very small reduction in tolerance to noise. Results of computer-simulation tests are presented showing the performance of the system and giving also a measure of its complexity, for the particular case of a coded 8-level PSK signal. An outline is also presented of a possible implementation of the new detector for the given application.
Dissolved Methane Measurements in Seawater and Sediment Porewater Using Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer (MIMS) System (2007)

Membrane inlet mass spectrometer (MIMS) has been used to accurately quantify dissolved gases in liquid samples. In this study, the MIMS system was applied to measure dissolved methane in seawater and sediment porewater. To evaluate the accuracy of the measurement, liquid samples saturated with different methane partial pressure were prepared and the methane concentrations were quantified with the MIMS system. The measured values correspond well with the expected values calculated from solubility constants. The standard error of the measurements were of the mean values. The distribution of dissolved methane concentration in seawater of the South Sea of Korea revealed that the physical parameters primarily control the methane concentration in sea water. The MIMS system was effective to resolve the small dissolved methane difference among water masses. The probe type inlet in MIMS system was proven to be effective to measure porewater methane concentration.
Effects of Washcoat on Initial PM Filtration Efficiency and Pressure Drop in SiC DPF (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">The washcoat (W/C) on a catalytic diesel particulate filter (DPF) greatly alters the pore structure and wall surface condition of the original substrate of DPF, which then affects the filtration efficiency and pressure drop behavior. In the present study, we examined this W/C effect on the initial PM filtration efficiency and pressure loss by changing amounts of washcoat on a SiC-DPF. We measured particle number concentration and particle size distribution in the diesel exhaust gas downstream of the DPF by EEPS. High filtration efficiency was achieved quickly when the W/C amount was increased. We introduced new parameters, T90 and T99, which were the filtration efficiencies that reach more than 90% and 99%, respectively, of the initial DPF usage. The PM trapping mechanisms could be classified according to the PM size. Trapping of PM whose diameter is smaller than 30 nm is little affected by the W/C. However, for PM over 30 nm, as amounts of W/C are increased, particle number concentration decreases rapidly and less PM leakage is observed for the initial filtration process. On the other hand, the initial backpressure and the backpressure during soot loading increased in accordance with W/C amount. Since the relationship between the filtration efficiency and the pressure loss has a trade-off, it is important to design DPF by considering W/C effects.</div></div>
Lipopolysaccharide-stimulated osteoclastogenesis is mediated by tumor necrosis factor via its P55 receptor. (1997)

Chronic bone infection, as attends periodontitis, is often complicated by severe osteolysis. While LPS is believed to be central to the pathogenesis of the osteolytic lesion, the mechanisms by which this bacteria-derived molecule promotes bone resorption are unknown. We find that LPS induces bone marrow macrophages (BMMs) to express c-src, a protooncogene product that we demonstrate is a specific marker of commitment to the osteoclast phenotype. We next turned to possible soluble mediators of LPS-induced c-src. Of a number of osteoclastogenic cytokines tested, only TNF-alpha mirrors the c-src-enhancing effect of LPS. Suggesting that LPS augmentation of c-src is TNF-mediated, endotoxin sequentially induces BMM expression of TNF, followed by c-src. TNF and c-src expression, by cultured BMMs derived from LPS-injected mice, reflects duration of exposure to circulating endotoxin, intimating that endotoxin's effect in vivo is also mediated by TNF. Consistent with these findings, thalidomide (which antagonizes TNF action) attenuates c-src induction by LPS. An anti-TNF antibody blocks LPS enhancement of c-src mRNA, validating the cytokine's modulating role in vitro. Using BMMs of TNF receptor-deleted mice, we demonstrate that TNF induction of c-src is transmitted through the cytokine's p55, but not p75, receptor. Most importantly, LPS administered to wild-type mice prompts osteoclast precursor differentiation, manifest by profound osteoclastogenesis in marrow cultured ex vivo, and by a profusion of marrow-residing cells expressing the osteoclast marker tartrate resistant acid phosphatase, in vivo. In contrast, LPS does not substantially enhance osteoclast proliferation in mice lacking the p55TNF receptor, confirming that LPS-induced osteoclastogenesis is mediated by TNF in vivo via this receptor. Thus, therapy targeting TNF and/or its p55 receptor presents itself as a means of preventing the osteolysis of chronic bacterial infection.
A Systems Approach to Enhanced Oil Recovery Planning in Malaysia (1994)

Abstract It is estimated that more than fifteen billion barrels of oil will remain in Malaysian offshore reservoirs at the end of primary and secondary recovery. This considerable resource base is the target of planned EOR projects. Although contractor specific field evaluations have been carried out, no previous study has addressed the potential EOR contribution to the Malaysian reserves mix on a broad national scale attempted herein. This paper therefore examines the potential Malaysian reserves additions through the application of suitable EOR technologies. In doing so, the paper proposes a comprehensive approach to reservoir screening and selection of technically feasible and economically viable reservoir-specific EOR processes for Malaysian fields. Results of a screening study indicate that carbon dioxide and hydrocarbon miscible gas displacement processes are the most attractive EOR technology for large scale application in Malaysian reservoirs. Data on resource evaluation, allocation and utilization of natural gases in Malaysia, have been reviewed as to the availability of injectant supplies. These data indicate that significant carbon dioxide supplies in gas fields offshore Peninsular Malaysia and surplus natural gas supplies in Sarawak and Sabah states, provide the injectant needed for commercial miscible displacement operations. Carbon dioxide injectant is preferred for Peninsular Malaysia as it is in close promixity to potential user fields, while natural gas is reserved for onshore industrial and other commercial uses. Given certain assumptions regarding development timing and industry cooperation, it is found feasible that incremental oil reserves additions of up to three billion barrels could be achieved within fifteen years through the application of proven gas injection technology. The effects of improved reservoir management, for example, better residual oil saturation determination, improved reservoir characterization and more accurate reservoir simulation, have not been factored into this total. However, the realization of these EOR reserves will be predicated upon a broad spectrum of economic, technological and policy constraints, which will require the concerted efforts of both industry and national energy policy makers. This paper also presents details of the constraints which must be removed in order to maximize the benefits of the EOR technologies and associated reserves for Malaysia.
The iron chelator deferasirox protects mice from mucormycosis through iron starvation (2007)

Mucormycosis causes mortality in at least 50% of cases despite current first-line therapies. Clinical and animal data indicate that the presence of elevated available serum iron predisposes the host to mucormycosis. Here we demonstrate that deferasirox, an iron chelator recently approved for use in humans by the US FDA, is a highly effective treatment for mucormycosis. Deferasirox effectively chelated iron from Rhizopus oryzae and demonstrated cidal activity in vitro against 28 of 29 clinical isolates of Mucorales at concentrations well below clinically achievable serum levels. When administered to diabetic ketoacidotic or neutropenic mice with mucormycosis, deferasirox significantly improved survival and decreased tissue fungal burden, with an efficacy similar to that of liposomal amphotericin B. Deferasirox treatment also enhanced the host inflammatory response to mucormycosis. Most importantly, deferasirox synergistically improved survival and reduced tissue fungal burden when combined with liposomal amphotericin B. These data support clinical investigation of adjunctive deferasirox therapy to improve the poor outcomes of mucormycosis with current therapy. As iron availability is integral to the pathogenesis of other infections (e.g., tuberculosis, malaria), broader investigation of deferasirox as an antiinfective treatment is warranted.