gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The First Organosiloxane Thin Films Derived from SiCl<sub>3</sub>-Terminated Dendrons. Thickness-Dependent Nano- and Mesoscopic Structures of the Films Deposited on Mica by Spin-Coating (2002)

This article describes a new type of organosiloxane thin films derived from SiCl3-terminated carbosilane dendrons of the second, third, and fourth generations, containing 9, 27, and 81 SiCl3 terminal groups. The films were deposited on mica surfaces by spin-coating from solutions of the dendrons with a series of concentrations. The resulting submonolayer to multilayer films were investigated with atomic force microscopy (AFM). AFM studies showed that the morphology of the films was highly dependent upon the generation of the dendrons and the film thickness. Mesoscopic ring, disk, or hole structures were observed. These structures were composed of nanoparticles with sizes corresponding to one dendron molecule or the cluster of a few laterally bound molecules. At submonolayer coverage, the molecules tended to flatten and spread out on mica surfaces. Significantly, this study showed that molecularly flat monolayers could be obtained with the dendrons containing up to 81 SiCl3 terminal groups. Prior to curing, the dendron films could be shaved by an AFM tip, while the films became robust after curing at elevated temperatures, indicating the formation of a strong siloxane network among the dendron molecules. Direct AFM observations indicated that the ring structures were formed from isolated droplets during the evaporation of the liquid thin films. The mechanisms for the formation of the observed film morphology are discussed, based on the structure and properties of the dendrons and the effect of the evaporation process.
Chemical analysis of a Cl2/BCl3/IBr3 chemically assisted ion-beam etching process for GaAs and InP laser-mirror fabrication under cryo-pumped ultrahigh vacuum conditions (1995)

We have investigated the compatibility of Cl2/BCl3/IBr3 etch gas mixtures with a cryo-pumped ultrahigh vacuum chemically assisted ion-beam etching system. The machine was designed for the fabrication of ultrahigh-quality laser facets in monolithically integrated GaAs- and InP-based optoelectronic integrated circuits. The chemical composition of etch byproducts deposited in the vacuum chambers and the pumping system has been examined in particular detail. After 70 h of process time, samples of such deposits were scraped from the chamber walls and the various stages of the cryo-pump and roughing pump; these samples were analyzed using energy-dispersive x-ray measurements. Automated overnight regeneration of the cryopump, the use of integrated external bakeout heaters, and the implementation of a cryo-pumped load-lock chamber allow the deposition of reactive Cl-containing residues to be confined to surfaces and components which can be cleaned or replaced during routinely scheduled yearly maintenance.
Impact of Skin–Electrode Interface on Electrocardiogram Measurements Using Conductive Textile Electrodes (2013)

Physicians' understanding of biosignals as measured with medical instruments becomes the foundation of their decisions and diagnoses of patients, as they rely strongly on what the instruments show. Thus, it is critical and very important to ensure that the instruments' recordings exactly reflect what is happening in the patient's body so that the acquired signal is the real one or at least as close to the real in-body signal as possible. This is such an important issue that sometimes physicians use invasive measurements to obtain the real biosignal. Generating an in-body signal from what a measurement device shows is called “signal purification” or “reconstruction” and can be done only when we have adequate information about the interface between the body and the monitoring device. In this paper, first, we present a device that we developed for electrocardiogram (ECG) acquisition and transfer to PC. To evaluate the performance of the device, we use it to measure ECG and apply conductive textile as our ECG electrode. Then, we evaluate ECG signals captured by different electrodes, specifically traditional gel Ag/AgCl and dry golden plate electrodes, and compare the results, allowing us to investigate if ECG measured with the device is proper for applications where no skin preparation is allowed, such as ECG-assisted blood pressure monitoring devices. Next, we propose a method to reconstruct the ECG signal from the signal acquired by our device, with respect to the interface characteristics and their relation to the ECG. The interface in this paper is skin-electrode interface for conductive textiles. In the last stage of this paper, we explore the effects of pressure on skin-electrode interface impedance and its parametrical variation.
Hypergratings: nanophotonics in planar anisotropic metamaterials (2009)

We present a technique capable of producing subwavelength focal spots in planar nonresonant structures not limited to the near-field of the source. The approach combines the diffraction gratings that generate the high-wave-vector-number modes and planar slabs of homogeneous anisotropic metamaterials that propagate these waves and combine them at the subwavelength focal spots. In a sense, the technique combines the benefits of Fresnel lens, near-field zone plates, hyperlens, and superlens and at the same time resolves their fundamental limitations. Several realizations of the proposed technique for visible, near-IR, and mid-IR frequencies are proposed, and their performance is analyzed theoretically and numerically. Generalizations of the developed approach for subdiffractional imaging and on-chip photonics are suggested.
Effect of fructose 1-phosphate on the activation of liver glycogen synthase (1985)

The activation (dephosphorylation) of glycogen synthase and the inactivation (dephosphorylation) of phosphorylase in rat liver extracts on the administration of fructose were examined. The lag in the conversion of synthase b into a was cancelled, owing to the accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate. A decrease in the rate of dephosphorylation of phosphorylase a was also observed. The latency re-appeared in gel-filtered liver extracts. Similar latency was demonstrated in extracts from glucagon-treated rats. Addition of fructose 1-phosphate to the extract was able to abolish the latency, and the activation of glycogen synthase and the inactivation of phosphorylase occurred simultaneously. Fructose 1-phosphate increased the activity of glycogen synthase b measured in the presence of 0.2-0.4 mM-glucose 6-phosphate. According to kinetic investigations, fructose 1-phosphate increased the affinity of synthase b for its substrate, UDP-glucose. The accumulation of fructose 1-phosphate resulted in glycogen synthesis in the liver by inducing the enzymic activity of glycogen synthase b in the presence of glucose 6-phosphate in vivo and by promoting the activation of glycogen synthase.
Unusual presentation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: a review. (1991)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic, gram negative bacillus that causes serious hospital acquired infections. However, it also causes infections with unusual presentations which are acquired in a non-hospital environment. This report will discuss the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, and therapy of this uncommon infection, such as: 1) Pseudomonas folliculitis: a superficial or deep bacterial infection associated with the use of public hot tubs, whirlpools and swimming pools. 2) Invasive external otitis: an infection that can progress to skull base mostly associated to elderly diabetic patients. It is usually secondary to aural irrigation with contaminated water. 3) Pseudomonas osteomyelitis: an infection usually associated with nail puncture wounds especially if wearing tennis shoes. 4) Toe with infection: mostly associated with individuals using topical antibacterial agents. 5) Green nail syndrome: a non tender paronychia lesion that appears most often in persons whose hands are constantly exposed to water, soaps and detergents or are subject to mechanical trauma. 6) Corneal ulcer keratitis: mostly associated with the use of soft lenses, eye drops, mascara or contaminated whirlpools. This condition may terminate in panophthalmitis. 7) Endocarditis: most commonly associated with intravenous drug addicts.
Curative treatment of primary (spasmodic) dysmenorrhoea. (1996)

To prove the efficacy of oral vitamin B1 administration for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhoea, a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was carried out on 556 girls aged 12-21 yr, having moderate to very severe spasmodic dysmenorrhoea. Thiamine hydrochloride (vitamin B1) was given in a dose of 100 mg orally, daily for 90 days. The combined final results of both the 'active treatment first' group and the 'placebo first' group, after 90 days of vitamin B1 administration, were 87 per cent completely cured, 8 per cent relieved (pain almost nil to reduced) and 5 per cent showed no effect whatsoever. The results remained the same two months later as well when no drug was administered. Unlike all the current treatments which are suppression-oriented, this curative treatment directly treats the cause, is free from side effects, is inexpensive and easy to administer.
Automated Inference of Access Control Policies for Web Applications (2015)

In this paper, we present a novel, semi-automated approach to infer access control policies automatically for web-based applications. Our goal is to support the validation of implemented access control policies, even when they have not been clearly specified or documented. We use role-based access control as a reference model. Built on top of a suite of security tools, our approach automatically exercises a system under test and builds access spaces for a set of known users and roles. Then, we apply a machine learning technique to infer access rules. Inconsistent rules are then analysed and fed back to the process for further testing and improvement. Finally, the inferred rules can be validated based on pre-specified rules if they exist. Otherwise, the inferred rules are presented to human experts for validation and for detecting access control issues. We have evaluated our approach on two applications; one is open source while the other is a proprietary system built by our industry partner. The obtained results are very promising in terms of the quality of inferred rules and the access control vulnerabilities it helped detect.
Isolation and Sequences of Peptic Peptides, and the Complete Sequence of Ile Chain of Ricin D (1978)

Sixteen peptic peptides, which contain arginine(s) or lysine, were isolated from cyanogen bromide fragments CB I and CB II of Ile-chain. Sequence determination has been performed on most of these peptides to provide overlaps for the tryptic peptides. Thus, complete amino acid sequence of Ile-chain consisting of 265 amino acid residues was determined. Some structural characteristics of the protein are also discussed.
Iterative detection and channel estimation for MC-CDMA (2004)

Multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems are under intense investigation for high bit rate wireless communications systems. Their equalization is based on the fast Fourier transform, allowing for an efficient implementation. Iterative receivers with joint detection and decoding have been shown to achieve very good performance for direct-sequence (DS)-CDMA systems. We apply this concept to MC-CDMA, the multiuser detector is implemented as parallel interference canceller with post-minimum mean squared error filtering. In this contribution a new pilot based channel estimation scheme based on random time sequences is developed. The presented simulation results for a multi path scenario show, that in a fully loaded system with 64 users the single user bound can be approached up to 1 dB. A bit error rate (BER) of 10/sup -3/ is reached already at an E/sub b//N/sub 0/ of 12 dB with a 4 state, rate 1/2 convolutional code.
The Chemistry of Cell Division: VI. The Inhibition of Tumor and Liver Nuclease by Arsenicals (1937)

In our recent investigations (1), as well as in those of Edlbacher and Kutscher (2), sulphydryl compounds were found to inhibit the nuclease of tumor tissue. The effect of arsenic upon the nuclear enzymes of animal tissues is therefore of particular interest since work from this laboratory (3) has shown that arsenic can combine with the sulphydryl groups of tissues. Klein (4) has shown that arsenate inhibits the liberation of phosphoric acid from nucleotide by an enzyme of the intestinal mucosa, while Harden and Young (S), Meyerhof (6), and others have found that the phosphatase action of yeast and muscle extracts on hexosephosphate is accelerated by arsenic.

For a long time arsenic has been associated with the production of cancer. This association is probably based upon the early observations by Hutchinson (7) of skin cancers in patients who had received prolonged treatment with Fowler's solution. Following these clinical observations numerous attempts have been made to produce cancer in animals by arsenicals, with contradictory results, as, for example, by Leitch and Kennaway (8) in 1922, Carrel (9) in 1926, and Begg and Cramer (10) in 1929. It would seem that further experimental work is necessary to establish definitely the relationship of arsenic to the production of cancer.

In the work reported here an effort was made ( a ) to determine the effect of trivalent and pentavalent arsenic compounds upon the different steps occurring in the breakdown of nucleic acid by tumor and liver enzymes, and ( b ) to study the modifying effect of added sulphydryl compounds. In order to determine the effect of arsenic upon the splitting of the phosphoric acid ester group at the pH of our digests, sodium glycerophosphate was also used as a substrate. Since both the trivalent arsenicals and the sulphydryl compounds are subject to oxidation by atmospheric oxygen, the digestions were made anaerobically as well as aerobically.
Experimental application of LD switch modules to 256 Mbit/s optical time switching (1985)

The letter proposes an optical time switch using LD switch modules and serial delay lines, and reports on its performance for a 256 Mbit/s 4 × 4 switching system. It can be constructed with fewer delay lines, and needs neither polarisers nor temperature control. Its total insertion loss is 24.8 dB with a loss margin of 4.0 dB.
Probabilistic analysis and algorithms for reconfiguration of memory arrays (1992)

Reconfiguration of memory arrays with spare rows and columns has been shown to be an NP-complete problem. An analysis of average-case time complexities of several existing heuristics is presented, as well as a provably average-case polynomial-time algorithm for reconfiguration of memories with spare rows and columns. The algorithm runs faster than previous heuristics when the problem size is larger.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact of Anchor Placement and Anchor Selection on Localization Accuracy (2011)

Localization of wireless devices in wireless networks is important because the location of wireless devices is a critical input to many higher-level networking tasks. Both the placement and the selection of anchors can affect the accuracy of location estimation significantly. This chapter investigates the problems of anchor placement and anchor selection. For anchor placement, it studies how the geometric layout of the anchors affects the localization performance. The chapter discusses different approaches that include heuristic search methods, acute triangular-based deployment, adaptive beacon placement, and optimal placement solutions via the maximum lambda and minimum error (maxL-minE) algorithm. Additionally, it studies how smartly selected anchors can achieve comparable or better localization results as compared with using all the available anchors. The chapter investigates a variety of effective strategies, including a joint clustering technique, entropy-based information gain, convex hull selection, and smart selection in the presence of high density of anchors. Controlled Vocabulary Terms performance evaluation; position measurement; wireless networks
Breast imaging technology: Probing physiology and molecular function using optical imaging - applications to breast cancer (2000)

The present review addresses the capacity of optical imaging to resolve functional and molecular characteristics of breast cancer. We focus on recent developments in optical imaging that allow three-dimensional reconstruction of optical signatures in the human breast using diffuse optical tomography (DOT). These technologic advances allow the noninvasive, in vivo imaging and quantification of oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin and of contrast agents that target the physiologic and molecular functions of tumors. Hence, malignancy differentiation can be based on a novel set of functional features that are complementary to current radiologic imaging methods. These features could enhance diagnostic accuracy, lower the current state-of-the-art detection limits, and play a vital role in therapeutic strategy and monitoring.
Unique Lithiation and Delithiation Processes of Nanostructured Metal Silicides (2010)

We report that TiSi(2) nanonet exhibits considerable activities in the reversible lithiation and delithiation processes, although bulk-sized titanium silicide is known to be inactive when used as an electrode material for lithium ion batteries. The detailed mechanism of this unique process was studied using electrochemical techniques including the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. By systematic characterizations of the Nyquist plots and comparisons with the microstructure examinations, we identified the main reason for the activities as the layered crystal structure that is found stable only in TiSi(2) nanonets. The layer structure is characterized by the existence of a Si-only layer, which exhibits reactivity when exposed to lithium ions. Control studies where TiSi(2) nanowires and TiSi(2)/Si heteronanostructures were involved, respectively, were performed. Similar to bulk TiSi(2), TiSi(2) nanowires show limited reactivity in lithium ion insertion and deinsertion; the EIS characteristics of TiSi(2)/Si heteronanostructures, on the other hand, are distinctly different from those of TiSi(2) nanonets. The result supports our proposed TiSi(2) nanonet lithiation mechanism. This discovery highlights the uniqueness of nanoscale materials and will likely broaden the spectrum of electrode material choices for electrochemical energy storage.
Generalized coupled interconnect transfer function and high-speed signal simulations (1995)

A new expression for the coupled interconnect system transfer function has been derived under general linear generator and uncoupled load conditions, i.e., without any restrictions in circuit load impedance. High-speed-signals on coupled interconnects have been simulated using this transfer function. The simulation uses generalized interconnect circuit model parameters in which all line parameters are frequency dependent. The validity of the interconnect circuit parameters was confirmed previously using s-parameter measurements. High-speed signal simulation using this novel interconnect transfer function has been verified with time-domain measurements using an HP54121T high-speed sampling oscilloscope. This work accurately predicts coupled interconnect circuit responses. With this transfer function, signal integrity problems of high-performance VLSI circuits can be predicted in the design stage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Autoantibodies to Thrombomodulin: Development of an Enzyme Immunoassay and a Survey of their Frequency in Patients with the Lupus Anticoagulant (1992)

In order to investigate the possibility that autoantibodies to thrombomodulin (TM) may exist in patients with the lupus anticoagulant (LA) and perhaps be implicated in the pathogenesis of recurrent thrombosis seen in such patients, we developed an enzyme-immunoassay to screen serum samples for anti-human TM activity. The major technical problem encountered in developing this assay was to reduce the non-specific binding of serum components from both the LA positive and the negative population. Considerable reduction of non-specific binding was achieved by use of a phosphate/citrate buffer at pH 8.0 and the use of an optimal sample dilution of 1/40. In addition, samples were always tested in parallel in blank wells and results are expressed as an OD ratio. Samples from 113 patients with the LA were assayed and compared to 78 patients referred for LA testing but found to be negative. The mean OD values for the LA positive patients (+/- SD) was 1.36 (0.44) with a range of 0.78-2.57. This was virtually identical to the values for the LA negative population (1.38 +/- 0.40, range 0.76-2.77). The results of this study indicate that there is no evidence for the presence of a significant autoantibody activity to TM in patients with the LA when compared to LA negative patients. If such autoantibodies do exist their frequency must be quite low.
Heuristic evolving latent projections: resolving two-way multicomponent data. 1. Selectivity, latent-projective graph, datascope, local rank, and unique resolution (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeuristic evolving latent projections: resolving two-way multicomponent data. 1. Selectivity, latent-projective graph, datascope, local rank, and unique resolutionOlav M. Kvalheim and Yi Zeng. LiangCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 8, 936–946Publication Date (Print):April 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00032a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00032a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views739Altmetric-Citations391LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Collection of electron-beam-generated carriers in the presence of a grain boundary or an epitaxial interface (1987)

A new technique is presented for determining the transport properties of minority carriers (the diffusion length and recombination velocity) generated when polycrystalline grains, with a grain size smaller than the diffusion length, are irradiated by an electron beam. An analogous case that can be handled using this technique is the determination of the recombination velocity at the interface between an epitaxial layer and a heavily doped substrate with a very short lifetime. For 1–2-μm grains in a polycrystalline GaAs solar cell, we found that the diffusion lengths can equal bulk-diffusion lengths observed in single-crystal material, but high recombination levels prevail at the grain boundaries, the recombination velocity there may reach 2×106 cm s−1 and is inversely proportional to the grain size.