gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plant cell culture technologies (1991)

Summary The commercial exploitation of plant cell, tissue and organ cultures is now a reality and the new technologies are already in place and developing rapidly. Their emergence has provided new perspectives and sharpened the focus of the ways in which plant cell and tissue culture can aid man. Together with the exciting new developments in plant molecular biology, these in vitro procedures should allow plant bio technologists to ‘design’ plants and plant products and exploit the full commercial potential of plant cell cultures.
XII. Additional experiments and observations on the application of electrical combinations to the preservation of the copper sheathing of ships, and to other purposes (1824)

Abstract I have already had the honour of communicating to the Royal Society the results of my first researches on the modes of preventing the chemical action of fluid menstrua, such as saline solutions, or sea water containing air, on copper, by the contact of more oxidable metals. For some months I have been engaged in a series of new experiments on this subject, so important to the navigation and commerce of the country: and through the liberal and enlightened views of Lord Melville, and the Lords of the Admiralty, who desired the Commissioners of the Navy Board and of the Dock Yards to give me every assistance in their power, and all the facilities which our magnificent Naval establishments at Chatham and Portsmouth furnish, I have been enabled to conduct my operations upon a very large scale. At this advanced period of the session, it will be impossible for me to give more than a very short notice of experiments which have been tried under a great variety of circumstances, and the details of which would occupy some hours in reading; but I cannot deprive myself of the pleasure of stating the satisfactory and conclusive nature of the results, many of which have even surpassed my expec­tations.
Raytracing prefiltered occlusion for aggregate geometry (2008)

We prefilter occlusion of aggregate geometry, e.g., foliage or hair, storing local occlusion as a directional opacity in each node of a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH). During intersection, we terminate rays early at BVH nodes based on ray differential, and composite the stored opacities. This makes intersection cost independent of geometric complexity for rays with large differentials, and simultaneously reduces the variance of occlusion estimates. These two algorithmic improvements result in significant performance gains for soft shadows and ambient occlusion. The prefiltered opacity data depends only on geometry, not lights, and can be computed in linear time based on assumptions about the statistics of aggregate geometry.
A Female Ligamentous Cervical Spine Finite Element Model Validated for Physiological Loads (2016)

Mathematical cervical spine models allow for studying of impact loading that can cause whiplash associated disorders (WAD). However, existing models only cover the male anthropometry, despite the female population being at a higher risk of sustaining WAD in automotive rear-end impacts. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a ligamentous cervical spine intended for biomechanical research on the effect of automotive impacts. A female model has the potential to aid the design of better protection systems as well as improve understanding of injury mechanisms causing WAD. A finite element (FE) mesh was created from surface data of the cervical vertebrae of a 26-year old female (stature 167 cm, weight 59 kg). Soft tissues were generated from the skeletal geometry and anatomical literature descriptions. Ligaments were modeled with nonlinear elastic orthotropic membrane elements, intervertebral disks as composites of nonlinear elastic bulk elements, and orthotropic anulus fibrosus fiber layers, while cortical and trabecular bones were modeled as isotropic plastic-elastic. The model has geometrical features representative of the female cervical spine-the largest average difference compared with published anthropometric female data was the vertebral body depth being 3.4% shorter for the model. The majority the cervical segments compare well with respect to biomechanical data at physiological loads, with the best match for flexion-extension loads and less biofidelity for axial rotation. An average female FE ligamentous cervical spine model was developed and validated with respect to physiological loading. In flexion-extension simulations with the developed female model and an existing average male cervical spine model, a greater range of motion (ROM) was found in the female model.
Free energy changes in denaturation of ribonuclease A by mixed denaturants. Effects of combinations of guanidine hydrochloride and one of the denaturants lithium bromide, lithium chloride, and sodium bromide. (1984)

The denaturation of ribonuclease A by guanidine hydrochloride, lithium bromide, and lithium chloride and by mixed denaturants consisting of guanidine hydrochloride and one of the denaturants lithium chloride, lithium bromide, and sodium bromide was followed by difference spectral measurements at pH 4.8 and 25 degrees C. Both components of mixed denaturant systems enhance each other's effect in unfolding the protein. The effect of lithium bromide on the midpoint of guanidine hydrochloride denaturation transition is approximately the sum of the effects of the constituent ions. For all the mixed denaturants tested, the dependence of the free energy change on denaturation is linear. The conformational free energy associated with the guanidine hydrochloride denaturation transition in water is 7.5 +/- 0.1 kcal mol-1, and it is unchanged in the presence of low concentrations of lithium bromide, lithium chloride, and sodium bromide which by themselves are not concentrated enough to unfold the protein. The conformational free energy associated with the lithium bromide denaturation transition in water is 11.7 +/- 0.3 kcal mol-1, and it is not affected by the presence of low concentrations of guanidine hydrochloride which by themselves do not disrupt the structure of native ribonuclease A.
School Bullying (2015)

Abstract School bullying is a specific form of social aggression characterized by intentional, repeated, and unilateral enactment of harm doing in school settings. Bullying takes various forms (i.e., physical, verbal, relational, and cyberbullying) and is associated with a number of negative outcomes, including emotional distress, physical/health issues, and social/relational problems. Research has identified factors that help predict the risk of bullying, effective preventative approaches, and the role of communication in victims’ coping processes.
Delayed Hypersensitivity Skin Testing. I. Response Rates in a Hospitalized Population (1974)

Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity was assessed in 752 hospitalized patients. Six antigens were injected intradermally and evaluated 48 hr later; stability of the reactions was tested again after one month. Reactivity rates to the antigens were: mumps, 68%; candida, 63%; trichophyton, 62%; tuberculin, 33%; histoplasmin, 26%; and coccidioidin, 13%. Half of all patients reacted concurrently to two of the first three antigens, 89% to at least one of the first three. Response to three of the four most reactive antigens must be evaluated to assess generalized cutaneous anergy. Histoplasmin and coccidioidin added < 1% to the total, and high degrees of concurrence suggested cross-reactivity between them. Erythema and induration were highly correlated for mumps, candida, and trichophyton, necessitating use of only induration for evaluation. Retesting of a small group of patients resulted in increased reactions with all antigens except tuberculin. Evaluation of possible tuberculosis is improved by simultaneous skin testing with several antigens.
Expanding the Redox Range of Surface-Immobilized Metallocomplexes Using Molecular Interfaces (2019)

Rationally designed material interfaces offer opportunities to control matter and energy across multiple length scales, yet remain challenging to synthetically prepare. Inspired by nature, where amino acid residues and soft-material coordination environments regulate the midpoint potentials of metals in proteins, thin-film polymeric coatings have been developed to assemble molecular components, including catalysts, onto solid-state (semi)conducting surfaces. In this report, we describe the immobilization of metalloporphyrins onto transparent conductive oxide supports using either direct grafting to the oxide surface or coordination to an initially applied thin-film polypyridyl coating. The composite materials enable direct measurements of electrochemical and optical properties associated with the surface-immobilized components. Despite the similarity of the core cobalt porphyrin units used in assembling these hybrid architectures, the redox potentials assigned to the Co<sup>III/II</sup> relays span a 350 mV range across the distinct constructs. This range in redox potential is extended to 960 mV when including comparisons to constructs utilizing polymer-immobilized cobaloxime catalysts in place of cobalt porphyrins, where reduction of the cobaloximes requires significantly more-negative bias potentials. This work illustrates the use of soft-material interfaces for assembling molecular-modified electrodes where the nanoscale connectivity of the surface coatings determines the electrochemical properties of the macroscopic assemblies.
Automated Global Feature Analyzer - A Driver for Tier-Scalable Reconnaissance (2008)

For the purposes of space flight, reconnaissance field geologists have trained to become astronauts. However, the initial forays to Mars and other planetary bodies have been done by purely robotic craft. Therefore, training and equipping a robotic craft with the sensory and cognitive capabilities of a field geologist to form a science craft is a necessary prerequisite. Numerous steps are necessary in order for a science craft to be able to map, analyze, and characterize a geologic field site, as well as effectively formulate working hypotheses. We report on the continued development of the integrated software system AGFA: automated global feature analyzer <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">reg</sup> , originated by Fink at Caltech and his collaborators in 2001. AGFA is an automatic and feature-driven target characterization system that operates in an imaged operational area, such as a geologic field site on a remote planetary surface. AGFA performs automated target identification and detection through segmentation, providing for feature extraction, classification, and prioritization within mapped or imaged operational areas at different length scales and resolutions, depending on the vantage point (e.g., spaceborne, airborne, or ground). AGFA extracts features such as target size, color, albedo, vesicularity, and angularity. Based on the extracted features, AGFA summarizes the mapped operational area numerically and flags targets of "interest", i.e., targets that exhibit sufficient anomaly within the feature space. AGFA enables automated science analysis aboard robotic spacecraft, and, embedded in tier-scalable reconnaissance mission architectures, is a driver of future intelligent and autonomous robotic planetary exploration.
Gas Kick Warner-An Early Gas Influx Detection Method (1993)

ABSTRACT A system for early detection of gas while drilling has been developed and taken through field tests onshore and offshore. The working principle of the tool is to measure the propagation time of a pressure pulse travelling through the well. It is generated at the standpipe and travels down the drillstring, through the bit and up the annulus, where it is detected at the top. Small amounts of free gas in the annulus can be detected while downhole.
Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Chiral 3-Substituted Indolines by Catalytic Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Indoles (2004)

[reaction: see text] N-Tosyl 3-substituted indoles were hydrogenated with high enantioselectivities (95-98% ee) by use of a trans-chelating chiral bisphosphine, (S,S)-(R,R)-PhTRAP ligand. The chiral catalyst, which was generated in situ from [Rh(nbd)(2)]SbF(6), PhTRAP, and Cs(2)CO(3), is useful for enantioselectively synthesizing a range of diverse optically active indolines possessing a chiral carbon at the 3-position.
Biochemical properties and subcellular distribution of the neuronal class E calcium channel alpha 1 subunit (1995)

Anti-peptide antibodies specific for the neuronal calcium channel alpha 1E subunit (anti-CNE1 and anti-CNE2) were produced to study the biochemical properties and subcellular distribution of the alpha 1E polypeptide from rat brain. Immunoblotting identified a single size form of 245-255 kDa which was a substrate for phosphorylation by cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C, cGMP-dependent protein kinase, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Ligand-binding studies of alpha 1E indicate that it is not a high affinity receptor for the dihydropyridine isradipine or the peptide toxins omega-conotoxin GVIA or omega-conotoxin MVIIC at concentrations which elicit high affinity binding to other channel types in the same membrane preparation. The alpha 1E subunit is widely distributed in the brain with the most prominent immunocytochemical staining in deep midline structures such as caudate-putamen, thalamus, hypothalamus, amygdala, cerebellum, and a variety of nuclei in the ventral midbrain and brainstem. Staining is primarily in the cell soma but is also prominent in the dendritic field of a discrete subset of neurons including the mitral cells of the olfactory bulb and the distal dendritic branches of the cerebellar Purkinje cells. Our observations indicate that the 245-255 kDa alpha 1E subunit is localized in cell bodies, and in some cases in dendrites, of a broad range of central neurons and is potentially modulated by multiple second messenger-activated protein kinase.
Hashing for Statistics over K-Partitions (2015)

In this paper we analyze a hash function for k-partitioning a set into bins, obtaining strong concentration bounds for standard algorithms combining statistics from each bin. This generic method was originally introduced by Flajolet and Martin [FOCS'83] in order to save a factor Ω(k) of time per element over k independent samples when estimating the number of distinct elements in a data stream. It was also used in the widely used Hyper Log Log algorithm of Flajolet et al. [AOFA'97] and in large-scale machine learning by Li et al. [NIPS'12] for minwise estimation of set similarity. The main issue of k-partition, is that the contents of different bins may be highly correlated when using popular hash functions. This means that methods of analyzing the marginal distribution for a single bin do not apply. Here we show that a tabulation based hash function, mixed tabulation, does yield strong concentration bounds on the most popular applications of k-partitioning similar to those we would get using a truly random hash function. The analysis is very involved and implies several new results of independent interest for both simple and double tabulation, e.g. A simple and efficient construction for invertible bloom filters and uniform hashing on a given set.
Secondary Synchronization Signal in 5G New Radio (2018)

We propose a secondary synchronization signal (SSS) for the fifth generation (5G) New Radio (NR) communication systems, which is based on the element-wise multiplication of two BPSK modulated m-sequences with different cyclic shifts encoding the physical cell identity (ID) carried by the NR SSS. We present the details on the generator polynomial selection for the involved m-sequences and the mapping between their cyclic shift values and the cell ID. We also propose a double- threshold detection method which is able to mitigate false cell ID detection. Simulation results are provided to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed NR SSS over the LTE SSS. The proposed NR SSS has been accepted in 3GPP Release 15 technical specification.
Hyperplastic polyps and DNA microsatellite unstable cancers of the colorectum (2000)

Although the scientific and clinical rationale for classifying colorectal cancer according to mechanisms underlying genetic instability is well supported, little is known of the early morphogenesis of sporadic cancer showing high levels of DNA microsatellite instability (MSI-H). Evidence is accumulating that the traditional adenoma-carcinoma sequence may not apply to sporadic MSI-H colorectal cancer. The serrated pathway comprising hyperplastic polyps, mixed polyps and serrated adenomas may serve as the missing link. This review relates the recently described CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) to the serrated pathway. Two rate-limiting genetic steps may underlie the neoplastic pathway associated with CIMP. A transmembrane receptor expressed by pericryptal myofibroblasts (HPP1) may be implicated in the transition from normal to hyperplasia whereas inactivation of hMLH1 is responsible for the conversion of hyperplasia to dysplasia through loss of DNA mismatch repair. These mechanisms fit with clinical observations relating to sporadic MSI-H colorectal cancer, specifically proximal location, multiplicity, higher frequency among females and rapid evolution of early cancer.
A Novel Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triphenylisoindole (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Novel Synthesis of 1,2,3-TriphenylisoindoleM. P. Cava and R. H. SchlessingerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 9, 2464–2465Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01044a519https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01044a519research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views69Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stochastic Transitions between Neural States in Taste Processing and Decision-Making (2010)

Noise, which is ubiquitous in the nervous system, causes trial-to-trial variability in the neural responses to stimuli. This neural variability is in turn a likely source of behavioral variability. Using Hidden Markov modeling, a method of analysis that can make use of such trial-to-trial response variability, we have uncovered sequences of discrete states of neural activity in gustatory cortex during taste processing. Here, we advance our understanding of these patterns in two ways. First, we reproduce the experimental findings in a formal model, describing a network that evinces sharp transitions between discrete states that are deterministically stable given sufficient noise in the network; as in the empirical data, the transitions occur at variable times across trials, but the stimulus-specific sequence is itself reliable. Second, we demonstrate that such noise-induced transitions between discrete states can be computationally advantageous in a reduced, decision-making network. The reduced network produces binary outputs, which represent classification of ingested substances as palatable or nonpalatable, and the corresponding behavioral responses of "spit" or "swallow". We evaluate the performance of the network by measuring how reliably its outputs follow small biases in the strengths of its inputs. We compare two modes of operation: deterministic integration ("ramping") versus stochastic decision-making ("jumping"), the latter of which relies on state-to-state transitions. We find that the stochastic mode of operation can be optimal under typical levels of internal noise and that, within this mode, addition of random noise to each input can improve optimal performance when decisions must be made in limited time.
IoT Enabled Video Surveillance System Using Raspberry Pi (2017)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is the communication of various devices or “things” with each other by the sharing of usable and relevant data. In today's age of digitization and “smart” devices, one of the foremost requirements is for new, innovative technology integral to the concepts of Internet of Things in everyday life. The need for surveillance and monitoring has drastically increased over the course of the past few decades. Both private areas and public areas alike require these types of surveillance systems to ensure security, and are generally very costly. In this paper, is proposed, an innovative surveillance system which is powered by the Raspberry Pi, Amazon Web Services and Google Drive that provided results with minimal latencies.
Signals determining protein tyrosine kinase and glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored protein targeting to a glycolipid-enriched membrane fraction. (1994)

Glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored membrane proteins and certain protein tyrosine kinases associate with a Triton X-100-insoluble, glycolipid-enriched membrane fraction in MDCK cells. Also, certain protein tyrosine kinases have been shown to associate with GPI-anchored proteins in other cell types. To characterize the interaction between GPI-anchored proteins and protein tyrosine kinases, GPI-anchored proteins were coexpressed with p56lck in HeLa cells. Both proteins were shown to target independently to the glycolipid-enriched membranes. Coimmunoprecipitation of GPI-anchored proteins and p56lck occurred only when both proteins were located in the glycolipid-enriched membranes, and gentle disruption of these membranes abolished the interaction. The GPI anchor was found to be the targeting signal for this membrane fraction in GPI-anchored proteins. Analysis of mutants indicated that p56lck was nearly quantitatively palmitoylated at Cys-5 but not palmitoylated at Cys-3. The nonpalmitoylated cysteine at position 3 was very important for association of p56lck with the membrane fraction, while palmitoylation at Cys-5 promoted only a low level of interaction. Because other src family protein tyrosine kinases that are associated with GPI-anchored proteins always contain a Cys-3, we propose that this residue, in addition to the N-terminal myristate, is part of a common signal targeting these proteins to a membrane domain that has been linked to transmembrane signaling.