gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Unified analysis of certain coherent and noncoherent binary communications systems (1964)

A general result is presented for the error-rate performance of common binary signaling-detection techniques for reception in additive Gaussian noise, including {\em all} possible conditions of nonorthogonality of signal, and correlations in the noise processes. These forms include frequency-shift keying with non-coherent detection, generalized to {\em all} noncoherent detection systems utilizing two basic waveforms, and phase-shift keying with a noisy reference signal, generalized to {\em all} coherent detection systems utilizing a single basic waveform. The unified result is achieved by exploiting a fundamental relationship between noncoherent and coherent operation. Also, some useful and not widely-known mathematical techniques involving the Q function are presented and utilized in the derivations.
Retinoids suppress phorbol ester-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2. (1997)

Cyclooxygenase-2 expression is up-regulated in transformed cells and tumors. Because this enzyme catalyzes the synthesis of prostaglandins, strategies aimed at suppressing its expression may prove useful in preventing or treating cancer. We investigated the ability of retinoids to suppress phorbol ester-mediated induction of cyclooxygenase-2 in human oral epithelial cells. Treatment with phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) resulted in approximately a 3-fold increase in the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Retinoids [all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), 13-cis-RA, and retinyl acetate] markedly suppressed PMA-mediated increases in amounts of cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) and the production of PGE2. Retinoids also suppressed the induction of Cox-2 mRNA by PMA. Nuclear run-offs revealed increased rates of Cox-2 transcription after treatment with PMA; this effect was inhibited by all-trans-RA. Transient transfection experiments showed that PMA caused about a 2-fold increase in Cox-2 promoter activity, an effect that was suppressed by all-trans-RA. Our data indicate that treatment of oral epithelial cells with PMA is associated with enhanced transcription of Cox-2 and increased production of PGE2. These effects of PMA were inhibited by retinoids.
Inorganic resist phenomena and their applications to projection lithography (1986)

The mechanisms responsible for latent image formation in Ge <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Se <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> resist are studied using computer simulation and laboratory experiments. The conditions for the occurrence of contrast enhancement, edge sharpening, feature-dependent amplification, and feature-dependent photodoping suppression are identified. Their role in optical projection lithography is characterized in terms of the Ag diffusion length, exposure time, and Ag <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> Se layer thickness. By appropriate selection of exposure and film thickness to control the lateral diffusion and photobleaching process, proximity effects caused by light diffraction can be compensated, small conventionally unresolved features can be printed, and the printability of open defects can be reduced. In the high-throughput regime, however, compensation cannot be obtained and the resolution is limited by the aerial image quality of the projection printer.
Metabolic Engineering of Deinococcus radiodurans for the Production of Phytoene (2018)

A metabolically-engineered <i>Deinococcus radiodurans</i> R1 strain capable of producing phytoene, a colorless C<sub>40</sub> carotenoid and a promising antioxidant, has been developed. To make this base strain, first, the <i>crtI</i> gene encoding phytoene desaturase was deleted to block the conversion of phytoene to other carotenoids such as lycopene and γ-carotene. This engineered strain produced 0.413 ± 0.023 mg/l of phytoene from 10 g/l of fructose. Further enhanced production of phytoene up to 4.46 ± 0.19 mg/l was achieved by overexpressing the <i>crtB</i> gene encoding phytoene synthase and the <i>dxs</i> genes encoding 1-deoxy-<sub>D</sub>-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase gene, and by deleting the <i>crtD</i> gene. High cell-density culture of our final engineered strain allowed production of 10.3 ± 0.85 mg/l of phytoene with the yield and productivity of 1.04 ± 0.05 mg/g and 0.143 ± 0.012 mg/l/h, respectively, from 10 g/l of fructose. Furthermore, the antioxidant potential of phytoene produced by the final engineered strain was confirmed by in vitro DPPH radical-scavenging assay.
Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression and Signaling During Disease: Regulation by Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidants (2010)

The endothelium is immunoregulatory in that inhibiting the function of vascular adhesion molecules blocks leukocyte recruitment and thus tissue inflammation. The function of endothelial cells during leukocyte recruitment is regulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidants. In inflammatory sites and lymph nodes, the endothelium is stimulated to express adhesion molecules that mediate leukocyte binding. Upon leukocyte binding, these adhesion molecules activate endothelial cell signal transduction that then alters endothelial cell shape for the opening of passageways through which leukocytes can migrate. If the stimulation of this opening is blocked, inflammation is blocked. In this review, we focus on the endothelial cell adhesion molecule, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Expression of VCAM-1 is induced on endothelial cells during inflammatory diseases by several mediators, including ROS. Then, VCAM-1 on the endothelium functions as both a scaffold for leukocyte migration and a trigger of endothelial signaling through NADPH oxidase-generated ROS. These ROS induce signals for the opening of intercellular passageways through which leukocytes migrate. In several inflammatory diseases, inflammation is blocked by inhibition of leukocyte binding to VCAM-1 or by inhibition of VCAM-1 signal transduction. VCAM-1 signal transduction and VCAM-1-dependent inflammation are blocked by antioxidants. Thus, VCAM-1 signaling is a target for intervention by pharmacological agents and by antioxidants during inflammatory diseases. This review discusses ROS and antioxidant functions during activation of VCAM-1 expression and VCAM-1 signaling in inflammatory diseases.
Notice of Violation of IEEE Publication Principles FPGA based efficient implementation of PID control algorithm (2009)

In this paper, an efficient design scheme for implementation of PID control algorithm in FPGA is presented. The algorithm is implemented using a Distributed Arithmetic (DA) based scheme where a Look-Up-Table (LUT) mechanism inside the FPGA is utilized. It can be shown that DA based PID controller saves 80% hardware utilization and 40% savings in power consumption compared to the multiplier-based scheme. It also offers good closed loop performance while using less resources, resulting in cost reduction, high speed and low power consumption which are desirable in embedded control applications. Finally as a case study we discuss the DA based scheme to design a temperature control system. The design uses a modular approach, so that some modules can be reused in other applications. The complete digital control system is built using commercial FPGA's to demonstrate its efficiency. The same approach can be extended to design other embedded controllers using FPGA.
Detection of nasopharyngeal carriages in children by multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (2009)

Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriages in children using a multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (mRT-PCR) assay kit. Methods : We obtained nasopharyngeal swabs from 33 children without any underlying disease from July 25 to July 28, 2008. The children were free from the signs of respiratory tract infections at the time of sampling. DNA was extracted from the swabs and subjected to multiplex RT-PCR using a primer set for the detection of pneumococci (Seeplex ® PneumoBacter ACE Detection Seegene, Seoul, Korea). The amplified PCR products were separated on 2% agarose gels and stained with either ethidium bromide or screen tape system (Lab901 Scotland, UK). Results : A total of 33 children (male, 15 female, 18) aged between 3.2 and 16.3 (median, 8.2) years were included in this study. The mRT-PCR detected colonized bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Chlamydia pneumoniae, and Bordetella pertussis) in 30 children (90.9%). Of these, 13 children (39.4%) showed more than 2 bacteria: 12 children were positive for 2 bacteria (S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae) and 1 child was positive for 3 bacteria (S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and C. pneumoniae). Conclusion : mRT-PCR was found to be a sensitive tool for the detection of asymptomatic nasopharyngeal carriages. Clinical significances of the bacteria detected by mRT-PCR will have to be evaluated in the future. (Korean J Pediatr 2009; 52:1358-1363)
Dynamic Federalism and Patent Law Reform (2010)

Patent law is federal law, and the normative approach to patent reform has been top down, looking to Congress and the Supreme Court for changes to the broken and complex patent system. The normative approach thus far has not yielded satisfactory results. This Article challenges the static approach to patent reform and embraces the dynamic-federalism approach that patent reform can be an overlapping of both national and local efforts. Patent reform at the local level is essential as locales can serve as laboratories for changes, vertically compete with national government to reform certain areas of the patent system, and become influential catalysts for changes that have an impact at the national level. Because the Constitution expressly grants to Congress the power to regulate substantive patent law, the local patent-reform movement is limited to the development and utilization of local procedural rules to streamline patent litigation in federal district courts. This Article examines the success of the local patent-reform movement initiated by local judges and bar associations sweeping different regions of the United States and suggests that bottom-up reform must be encouraged to solve the national problem of the broken patent system.
Microjet impingement followed by scanning electron microscopy as a qualitative technique to compare cellular adhesion to various biomaterials (1995)

Adhesion of cells to biomaterial surfaces is one of the major factors which mediates their biocompatibility. Quantitative or qualitative cell adhesion measurements would be useful for screening new implant materials. Microjet impingement has been evaluated by scanning electron microscopy, to determine to what extent it measures cell adhesion. The shear forces of the impingement, on the materials tested here, are seen to be greater than the cohesive strength of the cells in the impinged area, causing their rupture. The cell bodies are removed during impingement, leaving the sites of adhesion and other cellular material behind. Thus the method is shown not to provide quantification of cell adhesion forces for the metals and culture plastic tested. It is suggested that with highly adherent biomaterials, the distribution and patterns of these adhesion sites could be used for qualitative comparisons for screening of implant surfaces.
Laser spectroscopy and laser isotope separation in heavy atoms (1977)

The impact which laser spectroscopic techniques have had in the study of the atomic spectra of heavy elements and that of uranium in particular is discussed. (LK)
Medical and healthcare textiles (2010)

Part 1 Infection control and barrier materials. Part 2 Healthcare and hygiene products. Part 3 Wound care materials. Part 4 Bandaging and pressure garments. Part 5 Implantable materials. Part 6 Medical devices. Part 7 Smart materials and technologies. Part 8 Industry standards and regulations.
2 <scp>D</scp> ‐Infrared Spectroscopy (2011)

Abstract The basic concepts of 2D spectroscopy are summarized from both the theoretical and the experimental points of view. The Feynman diagram formalism is introduced and applied to calculate 2D spectra. Spectroscopic Hamiltonians are used to describe intramolecular couplings such as excitonic coupling and Fermi resonances, and to predict their appearance in a 2D spectrum. Furthermore, Kubo's lineshape theory is applied to 2D spectroscopy to explain dephasing in the presence of solvent fluctuations. Finally, various experimental realizations of 2D spectroscopy are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages.
Cause and effect (2020)

Developing children's environmental literacy hinges on promoting their intellectual skills. Learning to think critically and finding ways to solve problems is key to creating a better future.
Polycyclic N-hetero compounds. XXIV Reaction of pyridine and quinoline N-oxides with N-methylformamide. (1986)

Reactions of pyridine and quinoline N-oxides with N-methylformamide are described. N-Methylcarbamoylation occurred at the C-2 or C-4 position of pyridine and quinoline derivatives.
Total Synthesis of Anticancer Agent Taxol Achieved by Two Different Routes (1994)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTTotal Synthesis of Anticancer Agent Taxol Achieved by Two Different RoutesLong-standing efforts by several groups to make promising drug from simple starting materials finally bear fruitSTU BORMANView Author Information C&EN WashingtonCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1994, 72, 8, 32–34Publication Date (Print):February 21, 1994Publication History Published online11 November 2010Published inissue 21 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v072n008.p032https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v072n008.p032newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1994 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views102Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Cancer,Extraction,Food,Pharmaceuticals Get e-Alerts
Peak-to-average power ratio in higher-order MC-CDMA (2001)

The combination of code division multiple access (CDMA) with multi-carrier modulation (MCM) is currently being investigated by a number of authors as a possible multiple access scheme for future wireless systems. In this paper we explore the implications for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of such systems using higher order mapping schemes. Simulation results for PAPR for various PSK/QAM schemes have been presented and a comparison is made between the performance of the different schemes.
Disposable Miniaturized Screen‐Printed pH and Reference Electrodes for Potentiometric Systems (2010)

Abstract This work describes the development of a miniaturized potentiometric system comprising a miniaturized quasi‐reference electrode (QRE) coupled to a solid‐state ion‐selective electrode (ISE) for the monitoring of pH. We describe the optimization of materials and fabrication processes including screen‐printing (SP), electrode treatments (thermal and electrochemical) and the formulation and deposition of an ion‐selective membrane (ISM), to obtain a system compliant with biomedical specifications. We developed a potentiometric system composed of an Ag/AgCl QRE and a pH‐electrode (ISM deposited on a graphite electrode) that can be used continuously for a period of not less than 7 days in aqueous solutions. Curing the Ag/AgCl pastes during 20 minutes at 120 °C after printing allowed the QREs to display excellent potential stability, as demonstrated by an open‐circuit‐potential standard deviation of ±1.2 mV over a period of 7 days ( n =3 samples). Promoting adhesion of the pH membrane over graphite electrodes improved the pH‐electrode performance. This was achieved through a combination of thermal treatment and electrochemical activation of the electrodes by cyclic voltammetry (CV). The final device integrated both the QRE and the pH‐electrode, and displayed an average pH sensitivity of −60.8±1.7 mV per pH unit, over a pH range of 7.00 to 7.63.
Neuroprotection by intravenous transplantation of bone marrow mononuclear cells from 5-fluorouracil pre-treated rats in a model of ischemic stroke (2016)

Our previous studies showed that bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) from 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) pre-treated rats (named BMRMNCs) had a better therapeutic efficacy in ischemia/reperfusion rats as compared to BMMNCs from untreated rats. This study was undertaken to further explore the potential mechanisms underlying the neuroprotective effects of BMRMNCs in the same model. Rats were intravenously pre-treated with 5-FU, and BMRMNCs were collected 7 days later and subjected to flow cytometry for detection of CD34, CD45 and CD90. Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was induced in rats, and BMMNCs and BMRMNCs were independently transplanted via the tail vein at 24 h after MCAO. NISSL staining was performed 14 days after cell transplantation and the viable cells in the hippocampus were counted. Stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) mRNA expression was detected in the penumbra at 7 and 14 days after treatment. The contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors as well as microvessel density (MVD) were determined at 14 days. Results showed more BMRMNCs were positive for CD34, CD45 and CD90. After transplantation, more viable cells were observed in the hippocampus of BMRMNCs treated rats. In addition, BMRMNCs transplantation significantly increased MVD, reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and raised growth factors in the penumbra. However, the SDF-1 mRNA expression was comparable between BMRMNCs group and BMMNCs group. Our results indicate that BMRMNCs are likely to more effectively improve the local microenvironment to increase viable cells and elevate angiogenesis, exerting neuroprotective effects on cerebral ischemia in rats.
IκB overexpression in cardiomyocytes prevents NF-κB translocation and provides cardioprotection in trauma (2003)

This study examined the effects of either IkappaBalpha overexpression (transgenic mice) or N-acetyl-leucinyl-leucinyl-norleucinal (ALLN) administration (proteosome inhibitor in wild-type mice) on cardiomyocyte secretion of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) and on cardiac performance after burn trauma. Transgenic mice were divided into four experimental groups. IkappaBalpha overexpressing mice were given a third-degree scald burn over 40% of the total body surface area or wild-type littermates were given either a scald or sham burn to provide appropriate controls. Pharmacological studies included ALLN (20 mg/kg) administration in either burned wild-type mice or wild-type shams. Burn trauma in wild-type mice promoted nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) nuclear translocation, cardiomyocyte secretion of TNF-alpha, and impaired cardiac performance. IkappaBalpha overexpression or ALLN treatment of burn trauma prevented NF-kappaB activation in cardiac tissue, prevented cardiomyocyte secretion of TNF-alpha, and ablated burn-mediated cardiac contractile dysfunction. These data suggest that NF-kappaB activation and inflammatory cytokine secretion play a significant role in postburn myocardial abnormalities.
N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Treatment Increases Circulating Adrenocorticotropin and Luteinizing Hormone in the Rat* (1991)

Excitatory amino acids have been known to increase pituitary secretion of LH in vivo and are probably involved in the neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. We have found that systemic administration of the excitatory amino acid agonist N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) evokes a transient and profound increase in circulating levels of ACTH as well. Treatment of adult male Long-Evans rats with NMDA (30 mg/kg, sc) maximally increased plasma ACTH and immunoreactive beta-endorphin from 7-15 min after injection, and levels of both remained significantly elevated until 60 min into the time course. Corresponding increases in corticosterone were observed 15 and 30 min after treatment, while LH, similar to other pituitary hormones, was increased from 7-30 min after NMDA. Stimulation of the pituitary-adrenal and pituitary-gonadal neuroendocrine axes by NMDA was monitored in subsequent studies by plasma ACTH and LH, respectively; both were increased in a dose-related manner after the administration of 3-60 mg/kg NMDA, although stimulation of ACTH (800%) was more pronounced than that of LH (200%). The increases in ACTH and LH due to NMDA were inhibited by pretreatment with the competitive NMDA antagonist (+/-)3-(2-carboxypiperazin-4- yl)propyl-1-phosphonic acid, CPP (6 and 10 mg/kg, ip, for 21 min); by contrast, dexamethasone pretreatment (50 micrograms/kg, ip, for 4 h) blocked only the NMDA-evoked increase in circulating ACTH. These findings indicate that an NMDA receptor mechanism might be involved in the acute activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in the rat.
Non-rigid registration using free-form deformations for recognition of facial actions and their temporal dynamics (2008)

In this paper we propose an appearance-based approach to recognition of facial action units (AUs) and their temporal segments in frontal-view face videos. Non-rigid registration using free-form deformations is used to determine motion in the face region of an input video. The extracted motion fields are then used to derive motion histogram descriptors. Per AU, a combination of ensemble learners and hidden Markov models detects the presence of the AU in question and its temporal segment in each frame of an input sequence. When tested for recognition of all 27 lower and upper face AUs, occurring alone or in combination in 264 sequences from the MMI facial expression database, an average sequence classification rate of 94.3% was achieved.
pain<i>DETECT</i>: a new screening questionnaire to identify neuropathic components in patients with back pain (2006)

Simple, patient-based, easy-to-use screening questionnaires can determine the prevalence of neuropathic pain components both in individual LBP patients and in heterogeneous cohorts of such patients. Since NeP correlates with more intense pain, more severe co-morbidity and poorer quality of life, accurate diagnosis is a milestone in choosing appropriate therapy.