gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multimodal Image Registration by Maximization of the Correlation Ratio (1998)

Over the last five years, new &quot;voxel-based&quot; approaches have allowed important leaps in multimodal image registration, notably due to the increasing use of information-theoretic similarity measures. Their wide success has led to the progressive abandon of measures using standard image statistics (mean and variance). Until now, such measures have essentially been based on heuristics. In this paper, we address the determination of a new measure based on standard statistics from a theoretical point of view. We show that it naturally leads to a known concept of probability theory, the correlation ratio. In our derivation, we take as the hypothesis the functional dependence between the image intensities. This means that one image is considered as a model of the other. Although suchahypothesis is not validate in every circumstance, it enables us to incorporate implicitely an a priori smoothness model. We also demonstrate preliminary results of multimodal rigid registration involving Magnetic Resonance (MR), Computed Tomography (CT), and Positron Emission Tomography (PET) images. These results suggest that the correlation ratio provides a good trade-off between accuracy and robustness.
Determination of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in plasma by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. (1982)

This gas-chromatographic method for assay of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in human plasma involves extraction of the drugs and use of a 63Ni electron-capture detector. The linear range of detection is 25 to 800 micrograms/L for each drug. Overall precision (CV) in the concentration range of 10 to 100 micrograms/L for both drugs was approximately 10%. Accuracy (relative error) in the same concentration range was approximately +10%. None of the commonly prescribed antidepressants or tranquilizers that we tested interfere with the assay.
Molecular response of nasal mucosa to therapeutic exposure to broad‐band ultraviolet radiation (2008)

Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) phototherapy is a promising new treatment for inflammatory airway diseases. However, the potential carcinogenic risks associated with this treatment are not well understood. UV-specific DNA photoproducts were used as biomarkers to address this issue. Radioimmunoassay was used to quantify cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and (6-4) photoproducts in DNA purified from two milieus: nasal mucosa samples from subjects exposed to intranasal phototherapy and human airway (EpiAirway) and human skin (EpiDerm) tissue models. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect CPD formation and persistence in human nasal biopsies and human tissue models. In subjects exposed to broadband ultraviolet radiation, DNA damage frequencies were determined prior to as well as immediately after treatment and at increasing times post-treatment. We observed significant levels of DNA damage immediately after treatment and efficient removal of the damage within a few days. No residual damage was observed in human subjects exposed to multiple UVB treatments several weeks after the last treatment. To better understand the molecular response of the nasal epithelium to DNA damage, parallel experiments were conducted in EpiAirway and EpiDerm model systems. Repair rates in these two tissues were very similar and comparable to that observed in human skin. The data suggest that the UV-induced DNA damage response of respiratory epithelia is very similar to that of the human epidermis and that nasal mucosa is able to efficiently repair UVB induced DNA damage.
Increased sensitivity to mechanical ventilation after surfactant inactivation in young rabbit lungs (1992)

These data suggest that ventilation after surfactant inactivation is more injurious to the pulmonary microvasculature than ventilation alone, and that generalized lung overdistention is not the primary mechanism for microvascular injury in the diseased, noncompliant lung. The increases seen in the capillary filtration coefficient in postventilated surfactant inactivated lungs, even at low-ventilation pressures, suggest that low peak inspiratory pressures do not overdistend the dioctyl succinate-treated lung.
The catalytic behavior of La-Mn-O nanoparticle perovskite-type oxide catalysts for the combustion of the soot particle from the diesel engine (2005)

The La1-xMx MnO3(M=Li, Na, K, Rb, x=0, 0.10, 0.25) perovskite-type oxides whose sizes are nanoparticle have been prepared by the citric acid-ligated method. The characters of the catalysts were characterized by means of XRD, IR, SEM and BET surface area measurement. The catalytic activity for the combustion of soot particulate was evaluated by a technique of the temperature-programmed reaction. In the LaMnO3 catalyst, the partial substitution of alkali metal (Li, Na, K, Rb) into A-site enhanced the catalytic activity for the combustion of soot particle. The La0.75K0.25MnO3 oxides are good candidate catalysts for the soot particle removal reaction, and the combustion temperatures of soot particle are between 285℃ and 430℃ when the contact of catalysts and soot is loose, and their catalytic activities for the combustion of soot particle are as good as supported Pt catalysts, which is the best catalyst system so far reported for soot combustion under loose contact conditions.
A Kentish Cartulary of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. By Charles Cotton. Kent Records, vol. xi. 8½ × 5¼. Pp. xxx + 188. Ashford: printed for the Records Branch, 1930. (1932)

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Design of an Evaluation on Multimodal Interaction in a 3D Visualization Environment for Air Traffic Control (2006)

Design of an Evaluation on Multimodal Interaction in a 3D Visualization Environment for Air Traffic Control
<title>Design and performance of the EO-1 Advanced Land Imager</title> (1999)

An Advanced Land Imager (ALI) will be flown on the first Earth Observing mission (EO-1) under NASA's New Millennium Program (NMP). The ALI contains a number of key NMP technologies. These include a 15 degree wide field-of-view, push-broom instrument architecture with a 12.5 cm aperture diameter, compact multispectral detector arrays, non-cryogenic HgCdTe for the short wave infrared bands, silicon carbide optics, and a multi-level solar calibration technique. The focal plane contains multispectral and panchromatic (MS/Pan) detector arrays with a total of 10 spectral bands spanning the 0.4 to 2.5 micrometer wavelength region. Seven of these correspond to the heritage Landsat bands. The instantaneous fields of view of the detectors are 14.2 (mu) rad for the Pan band and 42.6 (mu) rad for the MS bands. The partially populated focal plane provides a 3 degree cross-track coverage corresponding to 37 km on the ground. The focal plane temperature is maintained at 220 K by means of a passive radiator. The instrument environmental and performance testing has been completed. Preliminary data analysis indicates excellent performance. This paper presents an overview of the instrument design, the calibration strategy, and results of the pre-flight performance measurements. It also discusses the potential impact of ALI technologies to future Landsat-like instruments.
X-ray dark-field radiography facilitates the diagnosis of pulmonary fibrosis in a mouse model (2017)

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether diagnosing pulmonary fibrosis with projection radiography can be improved by using X-ray dark-field radiograms. Pulmonary X-ray transmission and dark-field images of C57Bl/6N mice, either treated with bleomycin to induce pulmonary fibrosis or PBS to serve as controls, were acquired with a prototype grating-based small-animal scanner. Two blinded readers, both experienced radiologists and familiar with dark-field imaging, had to assess dark-field and transmission images for the absence or presence of fibrosis. Furthermore readers were asked to grade their stage of diagnostic confidence. Histological evaluation of the lungs served as the standard of reference in this study. Both readers showed a notably higher diagnostic confidence when analyzing the dark-field radiographs (p < 0.001). Diagnostic accuracy improved significantly when evaluating the lungs in dark-field images alone (p = 0.02) or in combination with transmission images (p = 0.01) compared to sole analysis of absorption images. Interreader agreement improved from good when assessing only transmission images to excellent when analyzing dark-field images alone or in combination with transmission images. Adding dark-field images to conventional transmission images in a murine model of pulmonary fibrosis leads to an improved diagnosis of this disease on chest radiographs.
Fast Adaptive Algorithm for Robust Evaluation of Quality of Experience (2014)

Outlier detection is an integral part of robust evaluation for crowdsourceable Quality of Experience (QoE) and has attracted much attention in recent years. In QoE for multimedia, outliers happen because of different test conditions, human errors, abnormal variations in context, {etc}. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective algorithm for outlier detection and robust QoE evaluation named iterative Least Trimmed Squares (iLTS). The algorithm assigns binary weights to samples, i.e., 0 or 1 indicating if a sample is an outlier, then the outlier-trimmed subset least squares solutions give robust ranking scores. An iterative optimization is carried alternatively between updating weights and ranking scores which converges to a local optimizer in finite steps. In our test setting, iLTS is up to 190 times faster than LASSO-based methods with a comparable performance. Moreover, a varied version of this method shows adaptation in outlier detection, which provides an automatic detection to determine whether a data sample is an outlier without \emph{a priori} knowledge about the amount of the outliers. The effectiveness and efficiency of iLTS are demonstrated on both simulated examples and real-world applications. A Matlab package is provided to researchers exploiting crowdsourcing paired comparison data for robust ranking.
Identifying P- and S-Waves Using Artificial Neural Network (1995)

An artificial neural network (ANN) is used to identify P- and S- wave arrivals from seismic data. Identification is achieved by utilizing the polarization state as a function of time, input directly into a three-layer neural network. The results demonstrate that an ANN trained with small dataset can satisfactorily identify P- and S-arrivals with a success of 84% and 60% respectively and could be applied to automatic analysis of multicomponent seismic data.
Study on YAG:Nd3+ spectra. II. Fluorescence spectra (1988)

Several fluorescence line groups in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions are observed by exciting YAG:Nd3+ crystal with Ar+ laser (5145 Å) and x-ray at liquid nitrogen temperature (LNT) and room temperature (RT), respectively. All of these line groups are assigned properly. Some new Stark levels are determined from the fluorescence spectra. The excited state absorption process is observed.
Adrenomedullin signaling is necessary for murine lymphatic vascular development (2007)

The lymphatic vascular system mediates fluid homeostasis, immune defense, and tumor metastasis. Only a handful of genes are known to affect the development of the lymphatic vasculature, and even fewer represent therapeutic targets for lymphatic diseases. Adrenomedullin (AM) is a multifunctional peptide vasodilator that transduces its effects through the calcitonin receptor-like receptor (calcrl) when the receptor is associated with a receptor activity-modifying protein (RAMP2). Here we report on the involvement of these genes in lymphangiogenesis. AM-, calcrl-, or RAMP2-null mice died mid-gestation after development of interstitial lymphedema. This conserved phenotype provided in vivo evidence that these components were required for AM signaling during embryogenesis. A conditional knockout line with loss of calcrl in endothelial cells confirmed an essential role for AM signaling in vascular development. Loss of AM signaling resulted in abnormal jugular lymphatic vessels due to reduction in lymphatic endothelial cell proliferation. Furthermore, AM caused enhanced activation of ERK signaling in human lymphatic versus blood endothelial cells, likely due to induction of CALCRL gene expression by the lymphatic transcriptional regulator Prox1. Collectively, our studies identify a class of genes involved in lymphangiogenesis that represent a pharmacologically tractable system for the treatment of lymphedema or inhibition of tumor metastasis.
N—H Insertion Reactions of Primary Ureas: The Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazolones and Imidazoles from Diazocarbonyls. (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in human medulloblastoma cells treated with recombinant glia maturation factor-beta. (1992)

Medulloblastoma, a common pediatric brain tumor, is a primitive neuroectodermal tumor which often displays neuronal and/or glial characteristics. We have investigated the consequences of treating cell lines derived from a human medulloblastoma with glia maturation factor-beta (GMF-beta), a protein found in mammalian brain. GMF-beta promotes growth arrest and morphological alteration of cultured glioma and neuroblastoma cells. The proliferation of medulloblastoma cells was arrested 24-48 hr after exposure to human recombinant GMF-beta. During the same period, treated cells acquired a morphology similar to that of mature astrocytes. By 72 hr, all treated cells bound an antibody against glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a distinguishing biochemical feature of mature astrocytes. Immunoreactivity was accompanied by de novo expression of GFAP mRNA. Our observations are the first demonstration of the induction of morphological and biochemical characteristics of mature astrocytes in cultured medulloblastoma-derived cells by an exogenous factor.
Zinc Deficiency Exacerbates Loss in Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity Induced by Hyperoxia Measured by Dynamic MRI (2000)

Using dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI), blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability (k(PSrho)) and tissue interstitial leakage space (v(e)) were evaluated in zinc-deficient (ZnDF) male weanling Wistar rats following 3 days exposure to hyperoxia (85% O2). Temporal monitoring of T1-weighted MR image changes, following a bolus intravenous injection of gadolinium-DTPA, allowed estimation of BBB integrity. Three-day exposure of hyperoxia caused a marginal loss of BBB integrity, reflected in a slight increase in kPSrho and v(e), observed in both the animals fed adequate zinc (ZnAL) and pair-fed controls (ZnPF). However, zinc deficiency resulted in a significant increase in both kPSrho and v(e), indicating a severely disturbed BBB. In addition MR-visible free water was elevated in ZnDF brains following hyperoxia treatment indicating that a loss of BBB integrity may be associated with neuronal edema. The diminished BBB integrity may be free-radical mediated as the ratio of oxidized to reduced glutathione (GSSG:GSH) was significantly elevated.
2'-Deoxycytidine protects normal human bone marrow progenitor cells in vitro against the cytotoxicity of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine with preservation of antiretroviral activity (1989)

Bone marrow cytotoxicity of 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine (AZT), an anti- human immunodeficiency virus (anti-HIV) drug, has been attributed to deoxyribonucleotide pool perturbations that might result in impaired DNA synthesis in normal bone marrow elements. We examined, in vitro, the effect of high, but clinically achievable and nontoxic, concentrations of 2′-deoxycytidine (dCyd) (greater than or equal to 100 mumol/L) on high-dose AZT mediated growth inhibition and intracellular biochemical perturbations in normal bone marrow progenitor cells. Colony formation by bone marrow progenitor cells in semisolid medium was significantly protected by dCyd against the inhibitory effects of co-administered, high concentrations of AZT (10 mumol/L). Also, dCyd significantly corrected AZT mediated depletion of intracellular thymidine triphosphate (dTTP) and dCyd triphosphate (dCTP) levels in normal bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMC). Moreover, dCyd reduced the intracellular accumulation of AZT triphosphate (AZT-TP) and its DNA incorporation in BMMC. In contrast, co-administration of dCyd (100 mumol/L to 1 mmol/L) did not reverse AZT (10 mumol/L) mediated suppression of HIV infectivity in HUT-102 cells in culture, although a partial reduction in intracellular AZT-TP pools and its DNA incorporation as well as a correction of AZT mediated depletion of dTTP and dCTP pools was observed in these cells. These studies suggest that dCyd at high concentrations might ameliorate the bone marrow cytotoxicity of high-dose AZT without impairing its anti-HIV effect.
Superhigh numerical aperture (NA>15) micro gradient-index lens based on a dual-material approach (2005)

We describe a novel scheme for obtaining a superhigh numerical aperture gradient-index (SHNA GRIN) lens from multiple thin layers of two or more materials with large refractive-index contrast. Design procedures for the lens are described, including variation of the layer thickness to achieve focusing and of the thickness limit to reduce scattering loss. We use an exact numerical solution by the finite-difference time-domain method to evaluate the lens's performance. Specific examples of a SHNA GRIN lens with a SiO2-TiO2 material system designed for fiber coupling to a nanowaveguide are shown to have focusing FWHM spot sizes of 0.53-0.7 microm at lambda =1.55 microm (corresponding to a NA of approximately 1.6-1.1) with 2.7-2.4% more loss than an ideal continuous index profile GRIN lens. With this approach, a SHNA GRIN lens with a NA of > 1.5 and a length of <20 microm can be achieved with currently available thin-film deposition techniques.
Hydrogenation of unsaturated polymers with diimide (1973)

Abstract We have studied the homogeneous hydrogenation of a series of unsaturated polymeric substrates with diimide formed from the thermal decomposition of p ‐toluenesulfonylhydrazide (TSH) at elevated temperatures (110 to 160°C) and in aromatic solvents. At a TSH/olefin ratio of 2.0, homopolymers of butadiene, polycyclohexadiene, and polyisoprene were quantitatively hydrogenated as were two styrene/butadiene copolymers. Alkyl branching at or near the residual polymer double bond, as in methyl rubber and poly‐2.5‐dimethyl‐2.4‐hexadiene, gave less than 50% hydrogenation. Polychloroprene was not hydrogenated by diimide (conversions less than 10%) which is in agreement with the behavior previously observed for low molecular weight olefins. The unsaturated polymers which were successfully hydrogenated were soluble and, hence, showed no excessive crosslinking. Polycyclohexadiene and polyisoprene, the only samples evaluated for molecular weight changes, exhibited no chain degradation. Some qualitative kinetic data were obtained using per cent conversion vs. time data. Under the conditions of toluene reflux and TSH/olefin ratios of 1.5, the relative rates of hydrogenation for cis, trans and vinyl butadiene units was k cis ≃ k trans < k vinyl. Byproducts from the diimide generation resulted in the introduction of 0.2 to 1.0% of p ‐CH 3 C 6 H 4 SO 2 ‐groups into the polymer based upon 100% of the double bonds originally present.
Dry Period Length to Maximize Production Across Adjacent Lactations and Lifetime Production (2006)

The primary objectives of this research were to determine the dry period lengths that maximize production across adjacent lactations and also dry period length that maximizes lifetime yield. Effect of days dry (DD) after lactations 1 through 3 were determined separately for both adjacent lactation sums and lifetime yield. Field data, collected through the Dairy Herd Improvement Association, on US Holstein cows first calving between January 1997 and January 2004 were utilized. Lifetime records were restricted to cows first calving no later than December 1999. Actual lactation yields, in contrast to standardized records, were used to calculate lactation sums and lifetime records. Herds were required to be on test for the entire period to avoid partial records. Another important edit was that actual calving dates had to agree with expected calving dates, based on reported days open, within 10 d. This edit ensured that the producer knew, at least at one point in time, when the cow was going to calve. Cow effects were corrected for in both the adjacent lactation and lifetime analyses. The minimum DD to maximize production across adjacent lactations depended on parity. For yield across first and second lactations, there was little loss in production with a minimum of 40 to 45 DD. Longer dry periods (55 to 65 DD) were required after second and third lactations however, presumably due to the lower persistency of second and later lactation cows. Lifetime production was maximized by 40 to 50 DD after first lactation and 30 to 40 DD after second and later lactations. Fewer DD were required to maximize lifetime yield than adjacent lactation yield because cows with fewer DD also had more lifetime days in milk. Although dry periods of 30 to 40 d can be used after second and later lactations without cost in lifetime yield, their benefit to lifetime production is minimal. Dry periods shorter than 30 d or longer than 70 d are costly to lifetime yield and should be avoided. Dry periods longer than 80 d are even more costly than dry periods less than 30 d.
Video and camcorder servicing and technology (2001)

This book provides fully up-to-date coverage of the whole range of current home video equipment, analogue and digital. As well as essential information for repair and troubleshooting, the author provides clear explanations of the technology of video equipment, which will enable the service engineers to gain a thorough knowledge of the equipment with which they are working.As well as traditional VCRs the scope of Video and Camcorder Servicing and Technology includes the full range of video cameras designed for home use and editing systems, and the latest DVD and hard-disk equipment.The resulting book is an essential bench reference tool for all service engineers, a guide to the technology for a wide range of professionals, and the most comprehensive college text for City & Guilds / EEB and other courses.Steve Beeching's guides to servicing video equipment have long been the definitive texts for service engineers and students. This book is the successor to the classic Servicing Video Cassette Recorder Equipment, which has been the leading PAL-based title on video equipment since 1983.Key features :

 The key to successful servicing of VCRs and camcorders
 The first servicing book to cover the new generation of video equipment: DVD and hard disk recording (MPEG2).
 The practical knowhow of a highly experienced service engineer
Practical Electrotherapeutics and X-Ray Therapy. (1913)

The author has undertaken to cover in a practical way the entire subject of electricity and<i>x</i>-rays as applied to medicine. It is a rather ambitious attempt, which he has carried out with satisfactory results. He knows well the theoretic side of his subjects, and evidently has a first-hand knowledge of the practice. He is somewhat optimistic—not rampantly so—but is evidently honest and anxious to make a fair statement. The book is well balanced, and can be recommended as a text-book on both electrotherapeutics and<i>x</i>-ray therapeutics.