gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells for COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome: A double-blind, phase 1/2a, randomized controlled trial (2021)

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in COVID-19 is associated with high mortality. Mesenchymal stem cells are known to exert immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory effects and could yield beneficial effects in COVID-19 ARDS. The objective of this study was to determine safety and explore efficacy of umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (UC-MSC) infusions in subjects with COVID-19 ARDS. A double-blind, phase 1/2a, randomized, controlled trial was performed. Randomization and stratification by ARDS severity was used to foster balance among groups. All subjects were analyzed under intention to treat design. Twenty-four subjects were randomized 1:1 to either UC-MSC treatment (n = 12) or the control group (n = 12). Subjects in the UC-MSC treatment group received two intravenous infusions (at day 0 and 3) of 100 ± 20 × 10<sup>6</sup> UC-MSCs; controls received two infusions of vehicle solution. Both groups received best standard of care. Primary endpoint was safety (adverse events [AEs]) within 6 hours; cardiac arrest or death within 24 hours postinfusion). Secondary endpoints included patient survival at 31 days after the first infusion and time to recovery. No difference was observed between groups in infusion-associated AEs. No serious adverse events (SAEs) were observed related to UC-MSC infusions. UC-MSC infusions in COVID-19 ARDS were found to be safe. Inflammatory cytokines were significantly decreased in UC-MSC-treated subjects at day 6. Treatment was associated with significantly improved patient survival (91% vs 42%, P = .015), SAE-free survival (P = .008), and time to recovery (P = .03). UC-MSC infusions are safe and could be beneficial in treating subjects with COVID-19 ARDS.
Les efforts vers le patient en matière de lutte contre le cancer. Comment mieux les orienter ? (2010)

Schneider Maurice, Audet-Lapointe Pierre, Chambaud Laurent, Loutfi Antoine. Les efforts vers le patient en matière de lutte contre le cancer. Comment mieux les orienter ?. In: Santé, Société et Solidarité, n°1, 2010. Le cancer au quotidien. pp. 137-144.
Hepatitis E (2014)

Kernaussagen Virologie Das Hepatitis-E-Virus ist ein RNA-Virus, von dem es 4 humanpathogene Genotypen gibt. Die Genotypen 1 und 2 sind vor allem in strukturschwachen Regionen durch ihren fäkal-oralen Übertragungsweg für teils große Epidemien verantwortlich. Infektionen mit den Genotypen 3 und 4 stellen Zoonosen dar, deren Reservoir vor allem Schweine und Rehe/Hirsche insbesondere in den Industrieländern sind. Hier kann es hauptsächlich durch Verzehr von infiziertem Schweinefleisch zu sog. autochthonen Infektionen kommen. Klinischer Verlauf HEV verursacht bei Immunkompetenten typischerweise eine selbstlimitierende Leberentzündung, kann jedoch bei Risikogruppen (z. B. Lebervorerkrankte und Schwangere) zur Entwicklung eines fulminanten Leberversagens mit hoher Mortalitätsrate führen. Bei Immunkompromittierten kann eine HEV-Infektion mit den Genotypen 3 (und selten 4) zu einer chronischen Verlaufsform der Erkrankung führen. In ca. 5 % der Fälle bestehen extrahepatische Manifestationen im Rahmen einer HEV-Infektion. Daher sollte bei jeder unklaren klinischen Symptomatik mit gleichzeitig auftretenden Leberwerterhöhungen eine HEV-Infektion am besten per Virus-Direktnachweis (PCR) ausgeschlossen werden. Diagnostik und Therapie Die Diagnose stützt sich bei immunkompetenten Patienten vor allem auf den Nachweis HEV-spezifischer Antikörper, bei Immunkompromittierten ist die Diagnosesicherung mittels Direktnachweis anzustreben. Während die akute HEV-Infektion typischerweise keine Therapie erfordert, besteht bei chronisch erkrankten Patienten eine Therapieindikation, um der Entwicklung einer Leberzirrhose vorzubeugen. Hierzu kann eine Medikation mit Interferon α oder Ribavirin über einen längeren Zeitraum in Betracht gezogen werden, wobei die Therapie mit Ribavirin aufgrund des günstigeren Nebenwirkungsprofils zu favorisieren ist. Vorbeugung Ein Impfstoff ist bislang nur in China zugelassen. Die Vorbeugung einer Infektion beinhaltet in Endemiegebieten eine akkurate Aufarbeitung des Trinkwassers, in Industrienationen sollte Schweinefleisch vor Verzehr auf über 70 °C erhitzt werden.
Draw Bead Penetration as a Control Element of Material Flow (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Draw beads are widely utilized as a mechanism for providing proper restraining force to a sheet in a forming operation. In this paper, numerical simulations using the nonlinear finite element method are conducted to model the process of drawing a sheet through various draw bead configurations to study the mechanics of draw bead restraint. By examing the sensitivity of the draw bead restraining force due to the change of the draw bead penetration, the work shows that the penetration has the potential to be a very good element for varying and controlling restraining force during the process. A closed-loop feedback control of draw bead penetration using a proportional-integral controller is achieved by the combination of the original finite element simulation and a special element which links penetration to a pre-defined restraining force trajectory. This method has the potential to accommodate the uncontrolled variation of boundary conditions in practice and therefore improve the forming repeatability dramatically. The use of finite element analysis as a method for numerically experimenting and exploring new processing methods is also demonstrated by the results of this paper.</div>
STUDIES ON CIRCULATING MET‐ENKEPHALIN AND β‐ENDORPHIN: NORMAL SUBJECTS AND PATIENTS WITH RENAL AND ADRENAL DISEASE (1981)

SUMMARY Studies were performed to define the responses of plasma met‐enkephalin to various endocrine and pathological stimuli and to determine the relationship between plasma β‐endorphin and met‐enkephalin. During insulin‐induced hypoglycaemia ACTH, β‐LPH and β‐endorphin immunoreactivity rose in parallel, but plasma met‐enkephalin did not change significantly. Sephadex G75 chromatography of samples taken at the time of the peak response (45 min) confirmed the rise in both β‐LPH and β‐endorphin. During administration of dexamethasone, 0·5mg 6 hourly for 48 h, plasma cortisol and ACTH became undetectable at 24 h, and β‐LPH and β‐endorphin fell significantly by 24 h and were undetectable by 48 h; plasma met‐enkephalin, however, showed no significant change. Nine adrenalectomized patients with Cushing's disease and four patients with Addison's disease had elevated plasma ACTH, β‐LPH and β‐endorphin but normal plasma met‐enkephalin levels. Each of ten patients with renal failure had markedly elevated plasma met‐enkephalin immunoreactivity which co‐eluted with synthetic met‐enkephalin on BioGel P4 chromatography. Trypsin and carboxypeptidase‐B digestion of the P4 chromatography fractions generated met‐enkephalin immunoreactivity in earlier fractions, indicating the presence of a potential high molecular weight met‐enkephalin precursor. The results imply that different control mechanisms govern β‐endorphin and met‐enkephalin plasma levels and that the adrenal is not the only source of plasma met‐enkephalin. The elevated levels of met‐enkephalin in renal failure may be due to impaired clearance of met‐enkephalin or of its precursor or to increased met‐enkephalin production.
Confidence measures for keyword spotting using support vector machines (2003)

Support vector machines (SVM) is a new and very promising classification technique developed from the theory of structural risk minimisation. We propose an alternative out-of-vocabulary word detection method relying on confidence measures and support vector machines. Confidence measures are computed from phone level information provided by a hidden Markov model (HMM) based speech recognizer. We use three kinds of average techniques as arithmetic, geometric and harmonic averages to compute a confidence measure for each word. The acceptance/rejection decision of a word is based on the confidence feature vector which is processed by a SVM classifier. The performance of the proposed SVM classifier is compared with methods based on the averaging of confidence measures.
Antitumor and Anticytopenic Effects of Aqueous Extracts of Propolis in Combination with Chemotherapeutic Agents (2002)

Using an ICR mouse model bearing a syngeneic Ehrlich ascitis carcinoma, the present study was undertaken to examine the effects of crude, water-soluble propolis (CWSP) on tumor progression, chemotherapeutic efficacy, and hematopoiesis in the peripheral blood. It was demonstrated that CWSP, administered subcutaneously, resulted in marked regression of tumor growth in mice, at the early phase after tumor inoculation (CWSP, p < 0.05 vs. saline control). Molecular analysis indicated that the CWSP is composed of 8.4% protein, 4.2% quercetin plus a variety of saccharides with a molecular weight of 29 kDa. Orally administered CWSP did not produce any regression for the observation period (oral CWSP, p > 0.05 vs. saline control). Peritoneal injection of CWSP into neonatal mice resulted in an increased lymphocyte/polymorphonuclear leukocyte ratio activity, indicating the potential activation of lymphoid cell lineages. These observations suggest that subcutaneously injected CWSP could regulate the development of tumors by possibly stimulating multicellular immunity. In addition, oral administration of CWSP concurrently with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or mitomycin C (MMC), significantly increased tumor regression as compared with the respective chemotherapy alone, illustrating the adjuvant effect of orally administered CWSP for tumor regression when combined with chemotherapeutic agents. To examine further the potential usefulness of CWSP for chemotherapeutic regimens, which induce profound multilineage hematopoietic suppression, mice that received CWSP orally in addition to a 5-FU or MMC were followed for absolute numbers of platelets and white and red blood cells. The oral administration of CWSP significantly ameliorated the cytopenia induced by 5-FU, resulting in recovery of white as well as red blood cell counts (5-FU plus CWSP, p < 0.05 vs. 5-FU alone or water control; white blood cells on day 15, red blood cells on day 25), but no marked effects on platelet counts was observed (5-FU plus CWSP, p > 0.05 vs. 5-FU alone or water control). On the other hand, CWSP significantly reduced all three MMC-induced cytopenias, especially at the later stage of the chemotherapeutic course (after day 30), suggesting repetitive requirements of oral administration of CWSP. In summary, subcutaneous administration of an aqueous CWSP resulted in marked regression of transplanted tumors. Orally administered CWSP combined with chemotherapeutic agents significantly increased tumor regression and ameliorated the cytopenia induced by the chemotherapeutic agents alone. These results suggest the benefits of potential clinical trials using CWSP combined with chemotherapeutic agents in order to maximize enhanced immunity while potentially minimizing postchemotherapeutic deteriorated reactions.
Three‐Dimensional Porous Core‐Shell Sn@Carbon Composite Anodes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Battery Applications (2011)

Abstract A three‐dimensional porous core‐shell Sn@carbon anode on nickel foam substrate was fabricated by electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) technique followed by high temperature treatment. The carbon shell with a thickness of about 3.2 nm was formed on porous Sn structure at high temperature. 3D porous structure and carbon shell were designed to buffer volume expansion/shrinkage of Sn lattice upon cycling and increase the electrical conductivity. After 315 charge/discharge cycles Sn@carbon anode exhibited high specific capacity of 638 mAh g −1 with the low capacity fade of average 0.11 mAh g −1 per cycle. Sn@carbon based anodes was demonstrated to have promising potential for high performance lithium ion batteries application.
Effect of process parameters on the electropolymerization potential and rate of formation of polypyrrole on stainless steel (1997)

Polypyrrole coatings were formed on stainless steel working electrodes in aqueous oxalic acid solution. The rate of formation of polypyrrole coatings on stainless steel increased proportionately with the current density but increased slightly with increased pyrrole concentration. Increasing oxalic acid concentration also had no significant change in the polymerization rate. The electropolymerization potential of pyrrole decreased significantly from 1.5 to 0.8 V versus SCE when the working electrode was polished. The polymerization potential, Ep, of pyrrole, increased however, with increased current density and decreased exponentially with the initial monomer and electrolyte concentration, respectively. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 2433–2440, 1997
Deduplication and compression techniques in cloud design (2012)

Our approach to deduplication and compression in cloud computing aims at reduction in storage space and bandwidth usage during file transfers. The design depends on multiple metadata structures for deduplication. Only a copy of the duplicate files is retained while others are deleted. The existence of duplicate files is determined from the metadata. The files are clustered into bins depending on their size. They are then segmented, deduplicated, compressed and stored. Binning restricts the number of segments and their sizes so that it is optimum for each file size. When the user requests a file, compressed segments of the file are sent over the network along with the file-to-segment mapping. These are the uncompressed and combined to create a complete file, hence minimizing bandwidth requirements.
Assessment of the influence of soil thermal resistivity on the ratings of distribution cables (1976)

The paper summarises the findings of an extensive field investigation into the behaviour of soils affecting operation of buried power cables. Statistical treatment of the large volume of results available leads to the establishment of thermal-resistivity values for defined groups of soils and the main types of load encountered in practice.
Differential Induction of Cytoplasmic Vacuolization and Methuosis by Novel 2-Indolyl-Substituted Pyridinylpropenones (2013)

Because many cancers harbor mutations that confer resistance to apoptosis, there is a need for therapeutic agents that can trigger alternative forms of cell death. Methuosis is a novel form of non-apoptotic cell death characterized by accumulation of vacuoles derived from macropinosomes and endosomes. Previous studies identified an indole-based chalcone, 3-(5-methoxy-2-methylindol-3-yl)-1-(4-pyridinyl)-2-propen-1-one (MOMIPP), that induces methuosis in human cancer cells. Herein, we describe the synthesis of related 2-indolyl substituted pyridinylpropenones and their effects on U251 glioblastoma cells. Increasing the size of the 2-indolyl substituent substantially reduces growth inhibitory activity and cytotoxicity, but does not prevent cell vacuolization. Computational models suggest that the results are not due to steric-driven conformational effects. The unexpected uncoupling of vacuolization and cell death implies that the relationship between endosomal perturbations and methuotic cell death is more complex than previously realized. The new series of compounds will be useful in further defining the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying methuosis.
A Variable Fidelity Model Management Framework for Designing Multiphase Materials (2008)

Research applications involving design tool development for multi phase material design are at an early stage of development. The computational requirements of advanced numerical tools for simulating material behavior such as the finite element method (FEM) and the molecular dynamics (MD) method can prohibit direct integration of these tools in a design optimization procedure where multiple iterations are required. One, therefore, requires a design approach that can incorporate multiple simulations (multiphysics) of varying fidelity such as FEM and MD in an iterative model management framework that can significantly reduce design cycle times. In this research a material design tool based on a variable fidelity model management framework is presented. In the variable fidelity material design tool, complex “high-fidelity” FEM analyses are performed only to guide the analytic “low-fidelity” model toward the optimal material design. The tool is applied to obtain the optimal distribution of a second phase, consisting of silicon carbide (SiC) fibers, in a silicon-nitride (Si3N4) matrix to obtain continuous fiber SiC–Si3N4 ceramic composites with optimal fracture toughness. Using the variable fidelity material design tool in application to two test problems, a reduction in design cycle times of between 40% and 80% is achieved as compared to using a conventional design optimization approach that exclusively calls the high-fidelity FEM. The optimal design obtained using the variable fidelity approach is the same as that obtained using the conventional procedure. The variable fidelity material design tool is extensible to multiscale multiphase material design by using MD based material performance analyses as the high-fidelity analyses in order to guide low-fidelity continuum level numerical tools such as the FEM or finite-difference method with significant savings in the computational time.
Overexpression of human p21waf1/cip1 arrests the growth of chicken embryo fibroblasts transformed by individual oncogenes. (1995)

In normal cells, cell growth and division is controlled by the interplay between proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Cancer cells usually have both activated an oncogene and have lost a functional tumor suppressor gene. High level expression of a tumor suppressor, p53, can block the growth of cancer cells. waf1/cip1 is transactivated by the tumor suppressor p53 and the p21waf1/cip1 protein is itself a suppressor of cell growth. To test the effect of growth suppression genes on the growth of cells transformed by individual oncogenes, we have used replication-competent retroviral vectors to induce high level expression of p53 and p21waf1/cip1. Overexpression of p21waf1/cip1 arrests the growth of chicken embryo fibroblasts (CEF) transformed by v-Src, tf-Ras, c-Mos and c-Myc. These data suggest that p21waf1/cip1 might be a useful tool in gene therapy for human cancer.
Preparation of Ultra–Fine La<sub>3</sub>NbO<sub>7</sub> Powder by Solid State Reaction (2012)

As a new candidate material for the ceramic layer in thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) system, La 3 NbO 7 was synthesized with La 2 O 3 powder and Nb 2 O 5 powder by solid state reaction. The stating powders with a mole ratio of La to Nb of 3:1 were mixed and then the mixture was calcined under the different temperatures(800°C, 1000°C, 1200°C) and dwell times(2h, 6h, 10h). The phase structure of the powder was observed by X–ray diffraction(XRD), and the microstructure of the sample was observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM). The effect of calcination temperature and dwell Time on the phase formation were examined. The results indicate that the La 3 NbO 7 powder with single phase can be synthesized successfully at 1200°C for 10h in air, and the La 3 NbOsub>7 powders synthesized have an ultra-fine particle size of 0.5˜1µm with a granular particle shape. With the temperature increasing, LaNbO 4/sub> was synthesized firstly and then La3 NbO 7 was synthesized with a mole ratio of La 2 O 3 to LaNbO 4 of 1:1.
Dramatic Differences in the Binding of UDP-Galactose and UDP-Glucose to UDP-Galactose 4-Epimerase from <i>Escherichia c</i><i>oli</i><sup>,</sup> (1998)

UDP-galactose 4-epimerase catalyzes the interconversion of UDP-galactose and UDP-glucose during normal galactose metabolism. Within recent years the enzyme from Escherichia coli has been studied extensively by both biochemical and X-ray crystallographic techniques. One of several key features in the catalytic mechanism of the enzyme involves the putative rotation of a 4'-ketopyranose intermediate within the active site region. The mode of binding of UDP-glucose to epimerase is well understood on the basis of previous high-resolution X-ray crystallographic investigations from this laboratory with an enzyme/NADH/UDP-glucose abortive complex. Attempts to prepare an enzyme/NADH/UDP-galactose abortive complex always failed, however, in that UDP-glucose rather than UDP-galactose was observed binding in the active site. In an effort to prepare an abortive complex with UDP-galactose, a site-directed mutant protein was constructed in which Ser 124 and Tyr 149, known to play critical roles in catalysis, were substituted with alanine and phenylalanine residues, respectively. With this double mutant it was possible to crystallize and solve the three-dimensional structures of reduced epimerase in the presence of UDP-glucose or UDP-galactose to high resolution. This study represents the first direct observation of UDP-galactose binding to epimerase and lends strong structural support for a catalytic mechanism in which there is free rotation of a 4'-ketopyranose intermediate within the active site cleft of the enzyme.
Whiteness formulas: a selection (1979)

Experience in assessing whiteness and industrial requirements is considered in the selection of whiteness formulas. The problems set by the photometry of fluorescent samples and the calorimetric prerequisites delimit the choice. A standard whiteness formula of neutral hue preference is proposed. Two supplementary whiteness formulas of green and red hue preference, respectively, are added. The feasibility of a complete characterization of white samples by whiteness, tint, and luminance factor is discussed.
Contrast-Enhanced Transcranial Color-Coded Duplex Sonography in Ischemic Cerebrovascular Disease (1997)

Background and Purpose Echo contrast agents have been shown to provide conclusive examinations in most patients with insufficient ultrasound penetration through the temporal bone. We investigated the diagnostic value of contrast-enhanced (CE) transcranial color-coded duplex sonography (TCCD) in patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and insufficient temporal windows and evaluated TCCD criteria that predict whether CE-TCCD studies may become conclusive. Methods Thirty-three patients presenting with ischemic strokes (n=21) and transient ischemic attacks (n=12) were investigated. Extracranial color duplex imaging showed normal findings in 24 patients, eight ≥70% stenoses and one occlusion of the carotid arteries in 8 patients, and severe occlusive disease of both vertebral arteries in 1 patient. Seven carotid stenoses and vertebral artery obstructions were confirmed by angiography. The galactose/palmitic acid–based echo contrast agent was injected intravenously as bolus of 200, 300, or 400 mg/mL in a dosage of 10, 5, and 5 mL, respectively. Results Thirty-two of the 33 patients were completely examined because 1 patient who felt pain at the injection site declined further investigations. Twenty-one (66%) of 32 CE studies were conclusive and showed cross-flow through three anterior and two posterior communicating arteries, but no stenoses and occlusions. Precontrast identification of any cerebral artery provided an overall accuracy of 97% in predicting a conclusive CE investigation. Precontrast TCCD identified no arterial Doppler signals in patients with inconclusive CE studies. Conclusions CE-TCCD provided conclusive examinations in two thirds of patients with ischemic cerebrovascular disease and ultrasound-refractory temporal windows. Precontrast detection of any cerebral artery reliably predicted a conclusive CE investigation.