gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DNA Extraction from Formalin-Fixed, Paraffin-Embedded Tissue (2009)

Introduction Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue is one of the most widely practiced methods for clinical sample preservation and archiving. It is estimated that, worldwide, over a billion tissue samples, most of them FFPE, are being stored in numerous hospitals, tissue banks, and research laboratories. These archived samples could potentially provide a wealth of information in retrospective molecular studies of diseased tissues. While standard for histopathology and microscopic investigation (e.g., hematoxylin and eosin [H&E] staining, immunohistochemistry [IHC], and tissue microarray [TMA]), FFPE samples pose a major challenge for molecular pathologists, because nucleic acids are heavily modified and trapped by extensive protein-nucleic acid and protein-protein cross linking. Historically, FFPE samples were not considered to be a viable source for molecular analyses. Recently, however, it has been discovered that with appropriate protease digestion, it is possible to release microgram amounts of DNA and RNA from FFPE samples. The purified nucleic acids, although highly fragmented, are suitable for a variety of downstream genomic and gene expression analyses, such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), microarray, array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH), microRNA, and methylation profiling. Several commercial kits are currently available for FFPE extraction. The protocol reported here is adapted from the Ambion RecoverAll Total Nucleic Acid Isolation Kit, but includes several modifications. Although our protocol focuses on DNA isolation, the RecoverAll Kit can also be utilized to recover RNA, including microRNA.
Handbook of Hydrogen Storage (2010)

Preface STORAGE OF HYDROGEN IN THE PURE FORM Introduction Thermodynamic State and Properties Gaseous Storage Liquid Storage Hybrid Storage Comparison of Energy Densities Conclusion PHYSISORPTION IN POROUS MATERIALS Introduction Carbon Materials Organic Polymers Zeolites Coordination Polymers Conclusions CLATHRATE HYDRATES Introduction Clathrate Hydrate Structures Hydrogen Clathrate Hydrate Kinetic Aspects of Hydrogen Clathrate Hydrate Modeling of Hydrogen Clathrate Hydrates Future of Hydrogen Storage METAL HYDRIDES Introduction Elemental Hydrides Thermodynamics of Metal Hydrides Intermetallic Compounds Practical Considerations Metal Hydrides Systems Nanocrystalline Mg and Mg-Based Alloys Conclusion COMPLEX HYDRIDES Introduction Complex Borohydrides Complex Aluminum Hydrides Complex Transition Metal Hydrides Summary AMIDES, IMIDES AND MIXTURES Introduction Hydrogen Storage Properties of Amide and Imide Systems Structural Properties of Amide and Imide Prospects of Amide and Imide Systems Proposed Mechanism of the Hydrogen Storage Reaction in the Metal?N?H Systems Summary TAILORING REACTION ENTHALPIES OF HYDRIDES Introduction Thermodynamic Limitations of Lightweight Hydrides Strategies to Alter the Reaction Enthalpies of Hydrides Summary and Conclusion AMMONIA BORANE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS AS HYDROGEN SOURCE MATERIALS Introduction Materials Description and Characterization Production Thermally Induced Decomposition of Pure Ammonia Borane ALUMINUM HYDRIDE (ALANE) Introduction Hydrogen Solubility and Diffusivity in Aluminum Formation and Thermodynamics of Different Phases of Alane Stability and Formation of Adduct Organo-Aluminum Hydride Compounds Phases and Structures of Aluminum Hydride Novel Attempts and Methods for Forming Alane Reversibly Conclusion NANOPARTICLES AND 3D SUPPORTED NANOMATERIALS Introduction Particle Size Effects Non-Supported Clusters, Particles and Nanostructures Support Effects Preparation of Three-Dimensional Supported Nanomaterials Experimental Results on 3D-Supported Nanomaterials Conclusions and Outlook
Digital-to-analogue conversion using pulse width modulation (1993)

Pulse width modulation (PWM) has found application in various situations where efficient delivery of high power is required. In this paper its use in the conversion of signals from digital to analogue representations is addressed, i.e. as a digital-to-analogue converter (DAC), and it is shown that there are many advantages in using PWM over conventional DAC methods and that high resolution and accuracy can be achieved. One advantage is that, provided a suitable output stage can be provided, a complete, high-power, high-resolution digital-to-analogue power converter can be constructed. Because this work was motivated by the author's interest in digital audio, such a device has come to be known as a digital (power) amplifier. The article describes PWM, particularly in its digital forms, and shows how to make it practical for use as a DAC. This involves various digital signal processing stages prior to the final modulator. Results are presented from simulations and from demonstrator hardware.
Substituted 2-pyrones, 2-pyridones, and other congeners of elasnin as potential agents for the treatment of chronic obstructive lung diseases (1985)

Several congeners of elasnin (I) have been synthesized and shown to inhibit human leukocyte elastase (HLE). The C-3 alkyl substituted 2-pyrones 11 and 12 were found to be the most effective inhibitors of the enzyme. These compounds are highly specific in their inhibitory activity.
New Generation Dynamically Reconfigurable Processor Technology for Accelerating Embedded AI Applications (2018)

We have developed 3rd generation DRP, dynamically reconfigurable processor, for accelerating deep neural networks (DNNs) in embedded micro-processor systems. A DRP unit (supporting 16b FP from this generation) and a newly designed multiply-and-accumulate (MAC) unit are tightly integrated into an STP-3 AI core to achieve high versatility, high performance, and low latency DNN processing. The core also features narrow bit-width streaming data exchange mechanism between the two units. Not only basic 16b FP but also binarized DNN inference computations are supported.
Antiwear Additives in Neopentyl Ester Oils (1971)

A variety of organophosphorus and other selected compounds were studied as antiwear additives for neopentyl polyol ester lubricants on 440C stainless steel rubbing surfaces using a four-ball wear test machine. Their effectiveness as additives was compared with that of tricresyl phosphate. Although 440C steel is relatively unreactive, it was possible to improve strikingly its wear and friction characteristics with organophosphorus additives. Some of the best results were obtained with acid phosphates. Alkyl chain length also appeared to be a significant factor. It was demonstrated that small concentrations of extraneous acidic substances are responsible for the antiwear action of phosphites at high load and that larger amounts of such acidic materials are needed as the load increases. Experiments involving addition of amines to neutralize formulations containing an acid phosphate confirmed that free acids promote antiwear action at the higher loads. Vinyl stearate and selected compounds containing chlorine or sulfur proved ineffective as additives for 440C steel in the antiwear region.
[A sensitive fluorescent assay for the detection and quantification of mitochondrial 3243 mutation]. (1996)

A mutation at nucleotide 3243 in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) specifying tRNALeu(UUR) has been shown to be related with diabetes mellitus. Since mtDNA shows heteroplasmy and its composition would change among various tissues, it is important to quantitate the percentage of mutant mtDNA precisely. Here we report a rapid and sensitive method to determine the mutant mtDNA. A fragment of mtDNA containing nucleotide 3243 was amplified by PCR using a rhodamine-labeled primer and the product was digested with ApaI. The PCR product from normal gene was resistant to ApaI digestion, while a mutation from A to G generated an ApaI site in the mutant mtDNA and its PCR product was cleaved into two fragments. The digested product was separated by acrylamide gel electrophoresis and each product was quantitated by a fluorescence analyzer. PCR analysis using standard mixtures of normal and mutant mtDNAs indicated that this method can be used to detect as little as 1% mutant mtDNA.
THE ROLE OF PROTEINS IN THE NITROGEN NUTRITION OF ECTOMYCORRHIZAL PLANTS (1986)

S ummary The ability of mycorrhizal (M) and non‐mycorrhizal (NM) plants of Pinus contorta (Dougl. ex Loud) to utilize protein as a nitrogen source was examined. Mycorrhizas were synthesized with the fungal symbionts Paxillus involutus, Rhizopogon roseolas, Suillus bovines and Pisolithus tinctorius . The plants were grown under aseptic conditions and provided with nitrogen in the form of either protein or ammonium. Dry weight yields of plants infected with P. involutus, R. roseolus and S. bovinus were significantly higher than those of NM plants when grown on protein as the N source. In these associations yields of M plants on protein were similar to those obtained on ammonium‐N. Non‐mycorrhizal plants had little ability to use protein N and the same was true of plants infected with P. tinctorius . Plants in those associations which provided a yield increase also contained larger quantities of N. Calculations show that in all these cases some of the increases of N content arise through utilization of protein. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to the nitrogen nutrition of the plant and to the pattern of N mobilization in soil. It is proposed that the ability of mycorrhizal associations to utilize protein N will lead not only to an increased supply of N to the plant but also to more effective competition with the decomposer population and to an overall tightening of the nitrogen cycle.
A digital technique for time-base error compensation (1969)

A digital technique is presented for time-base error compensation in magnetic tape recorder data. A buffer shift register with feedback control is used to obtain a variable delay of the recorded signal during playback. A system block diagram is described, and typical experimental results are provided to demonstrate the performance of the system.
Characterization of AMP-activated protein kinase γ-subunit isoforms and their role in AMP binding (2000)

The AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) cascade plays an important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis within the cell. AMPK is a heterotrimer composed of a catalytic subunit (alpha) and two regulatory subunits (beta and gamma). We have isolated and characterized two isoforms of the gamma subunit, termed gamma2 and gamma3. Both gamma2 (569 amino acids) and gamma3 (492 amino acids) have a long N-terminal domain which is not present in the previously characterized isoform, gamma1. As with gamma1, mRNA encoding gamma2 is widely expressed in human tissues, whereas significant expression of gamma3 mRNA was only detected in skeletal muscle. Using isoform-specific antibodies, we determined the AMPK activity associated with the different gamma isoforms in a number of rat tissues. In most tissues examined more than 80% of total AMPK activity was associated with the gamma1 isoform, with the remaining activity being accounted for mainly by the gamma2 isoform. Exceptions to this were testis and, more notably, brain where all three isoforms contributed approximately equally to activity. There was no evidence for any selective association between the alpha1 and alpha2isoforms and the various gamma isoforms. However, the AMP-dependence of the kinase complex is markedly affected by the identity of the gamma isoform present, with gamma2-containing complexes having the greatest AMP-dependence, gamma3 the lowest, and gamma1 having an intermediate effect. Labelling studies, using the reactive AMP analogue 8-azido-[(32)P]AMP, indicate that the gamma subunit may participate directly in the binding of AMP within the complex.
Meiotic products of a Klinefelter 47,XXY male as determined by sperm fluorescence in-situ hybridization analysis (1998)

The meiotic segregation of 24 spermatozoa obtained from a 47,XXY male is described. Three-colour fluorescence in-situ hybridization with probes for chromosomes X, Y and 18 was used. Five spermatozoa carried an X chromosome, seven carried a Y, six had an XY gonosomal complement, five were missing the sex chromosome and one spermatozoon was presumably diploid with an XX/1818 complement. Our results support the hypothesis that XXY cells are able to complete meiosis. In this patient, the percentage of spermatozoa with an abnormal number of sex chromosomes increased from 1/6 (17%) among spermatozoa with normal morphology to 11/18 (61%) in spermatozoa with abnormal morphology.
In-stent restenosis: mid-term results of debulking using excimer laser and drug-eluting balloons: sustained benefit? (2014)

These mid- to long-term data compare favorably with results obtained with standard balloon angioplasty, cutting-balloon angioplasty, and balloon angioplasty using drug-eluting balloon. Longer follow-up and randomized trials are necessary to further define the role of combined excimer-laser debulking and drug-eluting balloon angioplasty in the treatment of ISR.
Testability strategy of the Alpha AXP 21164 microprocessor (2002)

This paper describes the testability strategy and design-for-test features of the Alpha AXP 21164 microprocessor. It discusses the specific testability and manufacturability issues of the chip and the innovative solutions employed to solve them.
Error diffusion coding for A/D conversion (1989)

Various novel techniques for A/D conversion of signals subject to a fidelity criterion are presented, leading to optimum digital representations, in which each signal sample is not necessarily quantized to the closest reconstruction level. Quantization is treated as an optimization problem, and the tradeoffs among sampling rate, quantization stepsize, and quantization distortion are examined. It is shown that symmetric neural networks offer a natural means for efficient implementation of the proposed technique. Applications include digital image halftoning, as well as all forms of PCM coding and oversampled A/D conversion. It is shown that concepts and structures used in digital image halftoning are directly applicable to oversampled sigma-delta modulation of sound signals. A novel kind of parallel analog network is introduced and shown to be appropriate for this task. These networks contain a nonmonotonic nonlinearity in lieu of the sigmoid function and perform error diffusion in all directions. Ideas for massively parallel analog VLSI implementation are offered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lateral current confinement by reverse-biased junctions in GaAs-Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As DH lasers (1977)

Two methods are described for fabrication of a DH stripe-geometry laser where lateral current confinement is obtained with reverse-biased junctions on both sides of the active layer. Threshold current densities, comparable in values to optimum values achieved in other stripe geometry lasers, are obtained as a function of top channel widths for lasers with single and double current confinement. The lasers exhibit clean stable mode patterns with excellent linearity of the optical output power as a function of injection current. Lasers with channel widths ≲14 μm operate in the lowest-order transverse mode in the junction plane for currents up to ∼two times the threshold (an output power of 16 mW per mirror).
Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNAs encoding mammalian mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (1987)

A cDNA clone, named ppmMDH-1 and covering a part of the porcine mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (mMDH; L-malate:NAD+ oxidoreductase, EC 1.1.1.37) mRNA, was isolated from a porcine liver cDNA library with a mixture of 24 oligodeoxyribonucleotides as a probe. The sequences of the probe were deduced from the known sequence of porcine mMDH amino acid residues 288-293. ppmMDH-1 covered the coding region for porcine mMDH amino acid residues 17-314 and the 3' untranslated region. Subsequently, mouse mMDH cDNA clones were isolated from a mouse liver cDNA library with the ppmMDH-1 cDNA as a probe. One of the clones, named pmmMDH-1 and containing a cDNA insert of about 1350 base pairs, was selected for sequence analysis, and the primary structure of the mouse precursor form of mMDH (pre-mMDH) was deduced from its cDNA sequence. The sequenced coding regions for the porcine and mouse mMDH mRNAs showed about 85% homology. When the deduced amino acid sequence of the mouse pre-mMDH was compared with that of the porcine mMDH, they shared a 95% homology, and the mouse pre-mMDH yielded a leader sequence consisting of 24 amino acid residues and a mature mMDH, consisting of 314 amino acid residues. The leader sequence contained three basic amino acid residues, no acidic residues, and no hydrophobic amino acid stretch. The mouse mMDH leader sequence was compared with those of three other rodent mitochondrial matrix proteins.
Extremely Stable Platinum Nanoparticles Encapsulated in a Zirconia Nanocage by Area‐Selective Atomic Layer Deposition for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction (2014)

Encapsulation of Pt nanoparticles (NPs) in a zirconia nanocage by area-selective atomic layer deposition (ALD) can significantly enhance both the Pt stability and activity. Such encapsulated Pt NPs show 10 times more stability than commercial Pt/C catalysts and an oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity 6.4 times greater than that of Pt/C. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Charge transfer, hybridization and local inhomogeneity effects in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Na</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Co</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mo>∙</mml:mo><mml:mi>y</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">H</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>: An x-ray absorption spectroscopy study (2006)

Co $K$-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) measurements have been performed on anhydrous ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ $(x=0.3,0.74,1.0)$, $\mathrm{Li}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, ${\mathrm{H}}_{\ensuremath{\delta}}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, and hydrated ${\mathrm{Na}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}∙y{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ $(y=0.6,1.2)$ layered cobaltates. Sealed environments were employed through the duration of the experiments to maintain phase purity. The XAS of anhydrous ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ shows systematic changes with $x$ indicative of a Co oxidation state increase with decreasing Na content. This trend is shown to correlate well with a detailed review of the structural parameters. In contrast, although the XAS results on the ${\mathrm{Na}}_{0.3}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}∙y{\mathrm{H}}_{2}\mathrm{O}$ $(y=0,0.6,1.2)$ materials show detectable spectral changes, they indicate that there is no Co valence change upon hydration. Here pre and post spectroscopy material characterization allows a unique certainty in these exceedingly sensitive materials. The XAS spectral changes which accompany hydration are discussed in terms of a homogenization of the electronic structure in the $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ planes and are correlated with structural properties and recent NMR results.
Vitamin B12: the forgotten micronutrient for critical care (2010)

Despite evidence from animal studies, so far there are no clinical intervention trials that have studied vitamin B12 as a pharmaconutrient strategy for critical care. Well designed animal and clinical studies are required to clarify several outstanding questions on the optimal posology, safety, and efficacy of high-dose vitamin B12 in the critically ill.
Deadline assignment in a distributed soft real-time system (2002)

In a distributed environment, tasks often have processing demands on multiple sites. A distributed task is usually divided up into several subtasks, each one to be executed at some site in order. In a real-time system, an overall deadline is usually specified by an application designer indicating when a distributed task is to be finished. To study the subtask deadline assignment problem a simple model of the system and tasks is postulated. The focus is on soft real-time systems. In such systems, it is very difficult to guarantee that all deadlines will be met, and hence one tries to minimize the number of deadlines that are missed. The authors examine (through simulations) four strategies for subtask deadline assignment in a distributed soft real-time environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Position-Sensitive Semiconductor Detector for Gamma Rays (1977)

A novel position sensitive semiconductor detector is described using a capacitive coupling method for position sensing. Spatial resolution of 1 mm and energy resolution of 4.2 keV FWHM was achieved (for 137 Cs radiation). The detector is easy to manufacture as compared to conventional position-sensitive detectors. Large area two-dimensional detectors can be made for use as imaging devices.
The realization of a haptic (force feedback) interface device for the purpose of angioplasty surgery simulation. (1997)

Simulation is becoming an increasingly accepted method for training personnel for complex or high risk tasks. With the advent of modern Virtual Reality (VR) technology, such simulations are becoming more and more immersive. One significant limitation to the advance of this science is the challenges associated with simulating the touch or feel of various tasks in conjunction with VR simulations. This work has focused on creating and assessing the feasibility of haptic technology for high fidelity surgery simulation. It has culminated in a prototypical interface device to provide tactile feedback during the simulation of complex interventional radiology procedures such as Angioplasty. This device extends state of the art motion control, distributed computing processes, high resolution sensors for real-time feedback, and modular design techniques to accomplish these goals. The realization of the device, its capabilities, interfacing requirements, its limitations, and future extensions will be presented here.
Migration of web application SIMA into multi-tenant SaaS (2013)

Software as a service (SaaS) is one form of cloud computing services which is increasingly used by web-based applications. SaaS model using multi-tenancy architectural pattern running on the service provider's infrastructure. However multiple tenants access the same application which is logically still unique for each tenant. SIMA is a web-based application for administering state-owned inventory in the local government in Indonesia. Re-engineering of SIMA into the SaaS model is necessary for this application can be used by many government agencies, so they do not need to build network infrastructure and providing hardware. In this paper we proposes a framework that is used to perform the migration process SIMA application into multi-tenancy model.