gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the Interaction between Content Caching and Request Assignment in Cellular Cache Networks (2015)

The potential availability of storage space at cellular and femtocell base-stations (BSs) raises the following question: How should one optimize performance through both load balancing and content replication when requests can be sent to several such BSs? We formally introduce an optimization model to address this question and propose an online algorithm for dynamic caching and request assignment. Crucially our request assignment scheme is based on a server price signal that jointly reflects content and bandwidth availability. We prove that our algorithm is optimal and stable in a limiting regime that is obtained by scaling the arrival rates and content chunking. From an implementation standpoint, guided by the online algorithm we design a light-weight scheme for request assignments that is based on load and cache-miss cost signals; for cache replacements, we propose to use the popular LRU (Least Recently Used) strategy. Through simulations, we exhibit the efficacy of our joint-price based request assignment strategy in comparison to the common practices of assigning requests purely based on either bandwidth availability or content availability.
ARMing the Trusted Platform Module pro-active system integrity monitoring focussing on peer system notification (2015)

The concept of Trusted Computing offers a hardware platform based on which the integrity of IT systems is verified using a structured file-based signature hierarchy of all executable system components - from BIOS boot up to the execution of any user application. Current implementations detect integrity breaches at firmware and at file level so that suitable counter measures on a Trusted Computing system may be taken in almost real-time. This information - so far - either remains stored locally or in best case is forwarded at application layer leaving enough time for a smart malware to infect a peering system or to compromise application level communication. This paper introduces a new pro-active concept of integrity monitoring and reporting using the Trusted Platform Module to supervise the integrity of a system focusing on incident reporting to peering systems at link layer. For this concept we suggest the enhancement of the Trusted Platform Module by a new Attack Recognition Module to monitor a system in real time and to reliably notify peering systems about any integrity breach detected.
The emerging role of emotions in work life: an introduction (2000)

Research into the role that emotions play in organizational settings has only recently been revived, following publication in 1983 of Hochschild's The Managed Heart. Since then, and especially over the last five years, the tempo of research in this field has stepped up, with various initiatives such as conferences and e-mail discussion lists playing significant roles. This Special Issue is another initiative in this genre. The six papers in the Special Issue were selected from forty submissions, and cover a wide range of contemporary research issues. The papers deal with the relationship of mood to job characteristics and to job satisfaction, manifestation of anger in dyadic relationships, perceptions and effects of emotional labor, emotional intelligence in selection interviews, and the effects of displays of sadness and anger by leaders. In this introduction, we broadly introduce the topic of emotions in workplace settings, summarize the six papers, and present some directions for future research. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanism study of deep-UV irradiated poly(methyl methacrylate)-azide resist system (1989)

Abstract The photochemical reactions of resist films consisting of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and aromatic azide at high concentraton (25 wt.%) were studied. Both p-azidobenzoic acid (PABA) and 2,6-bis(4-azidylbenzylidene)-4-methyl cyclohexanone(2,6-bisazide) were used as the azide compounds. Chemical analysis carried out on the photoproducts of deep-UV irradiated PMMA-azide films revealed them to consist of unreacted azide compound, primary amine, azo dye, and PMMA with pendant secondary amines formed by nitrene insertion reactions. It is concluded that formation of secondary amines resulting from nitrene insertion to the PMMA chain were mainly responsible for both the dissolution rate retardation and the image reversal observed in the exposed PMMA-azide resist.
Permanent release of noradrenaline modulates respiratory frequency in the newborn rat: an in vitro study. (1990)

1. Respiratory activity was recorded on ventral cervical roots during in vitro experiments performed on superfused newborn rat brain stem-cervical cord preparations. 2. Eliminating the pontine structures by performing a transection at the level of the ponto-medullary junction resulted in a sustained increase in respiratory frequency, which suggests the existence of a pontine inhibitory drive impinging on the medullary rhythm generator. 3. Noradrenaline (NA) and drugs affecting NA efficiency were added to the bathing medium and the resulting changes in respiratory frequency were analysed. NA decreased the respiratory frequency, and this effect was potentiated by pargyline (an inhibitor of the NA degradation by monoamine oxidases) and blocked by yohimbine (an alpha 2-antagonist). 4. Yohimbine or piperoxane (which blocks the alpha 2-adrenoceptors) increased the resting respiratory frequency to the level reached after ponto-medullary transection, whereas pargyline or desipramine (which potentiates NA efficiency) decreased the respiratory rate. Since these effects were no longer observed after elimination of the pons, it is suggested that a permanent release of endogenous NA by pontine areas may modulate the activity of the medullary respiratory rhythm generator. 5. When alpha-methyltyrosine (an inhibitor of NA biosynthesis) was applied to the pons, the respiratory frequency was increased, whereas when tyrosine (a precursor of NA) was applied, the respiratory frequency decreased. This decrease was enhanced by pargyline, suppressed by alpha-methyltyrosine and blocked by piperoxane. 6. To conclude, it is suggested that the mechanisms underlying NA biosynthesis (i) continue to function under these in vitro experimental conditions and (ii) are responsible for a permanent release of endogenous NA, which slows down the respiratory frequency. These results are discussed as regards the possibility that the medullary respiratory rhythm generator may be modulated via the noradrenergic area A5 in the newborn rat.
Theoretical and experimental analysis of photonic structures for fluorescent concentrators with increased efficiencies (2008)

Abstract In this study we present a theoretical and experimental analysis of the application of photonic band stop filters on top of photovoltaic fluorescent concentrators in order to increase the photon collection efficiency. The light guiding effect of the fluorescent concentrator relies on total internal reflection. The escape cone of total internal reflection is their major loss mechanism. Our ray tracing simulation allows to calculate the beneficial effect of photonic band stop reflection filters, which reduce these losses, and to simulate the angular distribution of the light trapped in the concentrator. We present simulations of the optical properties of 1D and 3D photonic structures and how 3D structures are realized with colloidal opals. We also show that the application of a 1D photonic structure increases the efficiency of a real system by 20% relative. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
<i>In vivo</i> functions of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Hsp90 chaperone (1997)

In the highly concentrated environment of the cell, polypeptide chains are prone to aggregation during synthesis (as nascent chains await the emergence of the remainder of their folding domain), translocation, assembly, and exposure to stresses that cause previously folded proteins to unfold. A large and diverse group of proteins, known as chaperones, transiently associate with such folding intermediates to prevent aggregation, but in many cases the specific functions of individual chaperones are still not clear. In vivo, Hsp90 (heat shock protein 90) plays a role in the maturation of components of signal transduction pathways but also exhibits chaperone activity with diverse proteins in vitro, suggesting a more general function. We used a unique temperature-sensitive mutant of Hsp90 in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which rapidly and completely loses activity on shift to high temperatures, to examine the breadth of Hsp90 functions in vivo. The data suggest that Hsp90 is not required for the de novo folding of most proteins, but it is required for a specific subset of proteins that have greater difficulty reaching their native conformations. Under conditions of stress, Hsp90 does not generally protect proteins from thermal inactivation but does enhance the rate at which a heat-damaged protein is reactivated. Thus, although Hsp90 is one of the most abundant chaperones in the cell, its in vivo functions are highly restricted.
Factors impacting the success of computerized preadmission screening. (1995)

Many approaches to controlling costs under managed care rely on the ability to prospectively identify the type or level of service a patient requires at the time of presentation. Although computers may effectively predict these factors, the impact of such a computer system is greatly dependent on its integration into the admission process. Three factors that influence the effectiveness of predictive screening using a computer were identified. They are detection, intervention and compliance. The effect of these factors was then measured in a prospective randomized trial evaluating the effectiveness of computerized preadmission screening for predicting the appropriateness of inpatient care. This paper examines the three factors and their impact on the effectiveness of the system. A mathematical model that relates the factors to the overall effectiveness of computerized preadmission screening is proposed and considered in a more general context.
Epidemiology and Treatment of Painful Procedures in Neonates in Intensive Care Units (2008)

During neonatal intensive care in the Paris region, large numbers of painful and stressful procedures were performed, the majority of which were not accompanied by analgesia.
Designing Time-to-Digital Converter for Asynchronous ADCs (2007)

Time-to-Digital converter designing and analysis for asynchronous ADCs is discussed in the paper. The proposed ADC utilizes two-level conversion scheme consisting in duty-cycle modulation and subsequent time-to-digital conversion (TDC). Three concepts of the asynchronous ADC digital serial output interface are presented. The comparison of minimum transmission rates of the serial output port(s) for each concept is carried out. Finally, the procedure of the evaluation of key ADC design parameters for the speech signal supporting a possible original input signal recovery is exemplified.
Neighbor Discovery With Dynamic Spectrum Access In Adhoc Networks (2006)

In this paper, different neighbor discovery methods are considered for adhoc networks without fixed spectrum allocations where discovery of neighboring nodes may need to occur over a large frequency range (e.g. tens of MHz to a few GHz). In such systems, co-existence policies or dynamic spectrum access protocols may also introduce temporal variability in the availability of frequencies for neighbor discovery thus making it challenging to discover neighbors in a short period of time and with low energy consumption. In this paper, we analyze the performance of a baseline scheme (representative of current techniques) where nodes perform discovery by transmitting and receiving beacons randomly across a large frequency range. We also propose and analyze a family of fast, energy-efficient neighbor discovery techniques that use pseudo-random frequency hopping sequences for beacon transmission and reception. For the cases considered, these techniques provide substantial improvements in discovery time and energy consumption relative to the baseline
Genome-wide Significant Associations for Variants With Minor Allele Frequency of 5% or Less—An Overview: A HuGE Review (2010)

The authors survey uncommon variants (minor allele frequency, ≤5%) that have reached genome-wide significance (P ≤ 10⁻⁷) in genome-wide association study(ies) (GWAS). They examine the typical effect sizes of these associations; whether they have arisen in multiple GWAS on the same phenotype; and whether they pertain to genetic loci that have other variants discovered through GWAS, perceived biologic plausibility from the candidate gene era, or known mutations associated with related phenotypes. Forty-three associations with minor allele frequency of 5% or less and P ≤ 10⁻⁷ were studied, 12 of which involved nonsynonymous variants. Per-allele odds ratios ranged from 1.03 to 22.11. Thirty-two associations had P ≤ 10⁻⁸. Eight uncommon variants were identified in multiple GWAS. For 14 associations, also other common polymorphisms with genome-wide significance were identified in the same loci. Thirteen associations pertained to genetic loci considered to have biologic plausibility for association in the candidate gene era, and mutations with related phenotypic effects were identified for 11 associations. Twenty-five uncommon variants are common in at least 1 of the 4 different ancestry samples of the International HapMap Project. Although the number of uncommon variants with genome-wide significance is still limited, these data suggest a possible confluence of rare/uncommon and common genetic variation on the same genetic loci.
A third transactivation function (AF3) of human progesterone receptors located in the unique N-terminal segment of the B-isoform. (1994)

Human progesterone target tissues contain two progesterone receptors: B-receptors (hPRB), which are 933 amino acids in length, and A-receptors (hPRA), which lack the N-terminal 164 amino acids. The two isoforms differ functionally when they are occupied by agonists or antagonists. We postulated that the unique 164-amino acid, B-upstream segment (BUS) is in part responsible for the functional differences between the two isoforms and have constructed a series of hPR expression vectors encoding BUS fused to isolated down-stream functional domains of the receptors. These include the two transactivation domains: activation function-1 (AF1), located in a 90-amino acid segment just up-stream of the DNA-binding domain (DBD) and nuclear localization signal (NLS), and AF2, located in the hormone-binding domain. BUS is a highly phosphorylated domain, and contains the serine residues responsible for the hPRB triplet protein structure. The construct containing BUS-DBD-NLS binds tightly to DNA when aided by accessory nuclear factors. In HeLa cells, BUS-DBD-NLS strongly and autonomously activates transcription of chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) from a promoter containing two progesterone response elements (PRE2-TATAtk-CAT). Transcription levels with BUS-DBD-NLS are equivalent to those seen with full-length hPRB, and are higher than those seen with hPRA. BUS specifically requires an intact hPR DBD to be transcriptionally active. DBD mutants that cannot bind DNA or whose DNA binding specificity has been switched to an estrogen response element cannot cooperate in BUS transcriptional activity. The function of BUS-DBD-NLS is promoter and cell specific. It does not transactivate a CAT reporter driven by the mouse mammary tumor virus promoter in HeLa cells and poorly transactivates PRE2-TATAtk-CAT in PR-negative T47D breast cancer cells. However, in the breast cancer cells, BUS-DBD-NLS transactivation of PRE2-TATAtk-CAT can be reconstituted by either elevating cellular levels of cAMP or linking BUS and DBD to AF1 or AF2 of hPR, each of which alone is also inactive in these cells. We conclude that hPRB contains a unique third activation function (AF3) located within BUS and requiring the functional DBD of hPR. Depending on the promoter or cell tested, AF3 can activate transcription autonomously, or it can functionally synergize with AF1 or AF2. Autonomous AF3 function may explain the unexpected transactivating actions of antiprogestin-occupied hPRB, an issue of importance in hormone-resistant breast cancers and in tissue-specific agonist-like effects of hormone antagonists.
Response surface estimation and refinement in collaborative optimization (1998)

This paper describes the use of response surface estimation in collaborative optimization, an architecture for large-scale multidisciplinary design. Response surfaces are used to model the disciplinary subproblem optimization results as a function of the interdisciplinary target variables. These models are then used to find a new design point, about which new disciplinary response surfaces are constructed. The utility of response surface estimation in collaborative optimization depends upon the generation of inexpensive accurate response surface models and the refinement of these models over several fitting cycles. Special properties of the subproblem optimization formulation are exploited to reduce the number of required subproblem optimizations to develop a quadratic model from O(n) to O(n). Implicit information is shown to reduce the number of required suboptimizations by a further 50% in some cases. Response surface refinement is performed using ideas from trust region methods. Results for the combined approaches are demonstrated and compared on two problems: a 44 variable tailless UAV example, using relatively simple analyses, and a substantially more complex HSCT design, with finite element structural analysis and a higher order aerodynamic model. Nomenclature a = maneuver angle of attack b = span B = coefficients in response surface fit C = coefficients in response surface fit Cj = local constraints Cm = pitching moment coefficient C[ = section lift coefficient 5e = eleven deflection angle Tl = propeller efficiency frs = response surface approximation of f m = number of unknown coefficients in RS fit n = number of targets to CO subproblem N = number of CO subproblems O()= order of R = computed aircraft range R0 = target aircraft range sfc = specific fuel consumption tj = spar cap thicknesses 0j = section jig-twist Wj = penalty weight W = weight fraction local design variable W0 = target weight fraction (winilial/wfmal) Wr t= trim ballast weight, tip and root Xj = local design variable; those with a corresponding system level specified target, x = strictly local design variables; those without corresponding system level specified targets yi = local computed state variable, a function of x or x, with a corresponding target Zj. a = maneuver angle of attack Zj = system level targets
Analytical and experimental investigations of dual-plane PIV (1995)

In its 'classical' form particle image velocimetry (PIV) extracts two components of the flow velocity vector by measuring the displacement of tracer particles within a double-pulsed laser light sheet. The method described in this paper is based on the additional recording of a third exposure of the tracer particles in a parallel light sheet, which is slightly displaced with respect to the first one. The particle images resulting from these three exposures are stored on separate frames. The locations of the correlation peaks, as obtained by cross-correlation methods, are used to determine the projections of the velocity vectors onto the plane between both light sheets. In the manner described below, the amplitudes of these peaks are used to obtain information about the velocity component perpendicular to the light sheet planes. The mathematical background of this method is described in the paper. Numerical simulations show the influence of the main parameters (e.g. light sheet thickness, light sheet displacement and out-of-plane component) on the resolution and reliability of the new method. Two different recording procedures and their results will be shown to demonstrate the ease of operation when applying this technique to liquid flows.
Empirical evaluation of NAND flash memory performance (2010)

Reports of NAND ash device testing in the literature have for the most part been limited to examination of circuit-level parameters on raw ash chips or prototypes, and system-level parameters on entire storage subsystems. However, there has been little examination of system-level parameters of raw devices, such as mean latency and endurance values. We report the results of such tests on a variety of devices. Read, program, and erase latency were found to align closely with manufacturer's specified \typical" values in almost all cases. Program/erase endurance, however, was found to exceed specified minimum values, often by as much as a factor of 100. In addition significant performance changes were found with wear. These changes may be used to track wear, and in addition have significant implications for system performance over the lifespan of a device. Finally, random write patterns which incur performance penalties on current ash-based memory systems were found to incur no overhead on the devices themselves.
Suppression of beating noise of narrow-linewidth erbium-doped fiber ring lasers by use of a semiconductor optical amplifier (2003)

Beating noise in narrow-linewidth erbium-doped fiber ring lasers puts severe limitations on applications of the lasers. We demonstrate the suppression of beating noise in fiber ring lasers by using a semiconductor optical amplifier in the laser cavity, which acts as a high-pass filter. Two different ring structures are presented as examples to demonstrate this beating noise suppression.
The cannabinoid CB<sub>2</sub> receptor: a good friend in the gut (2007)

Mammalian tissues express the cannabinoid 1 (CB(1)) receptor and the cannabinoid 2 (CB(2)) receptor, the latter being involved in inflammation and pain. In somatic nerve pathways, the analgesic effects of CB(2) agonism are well documented. Two papers published in the Journal have provided evidence that CB(2) receptor activation inhibits visceral afferent nerve activity in rodents. These exciting findings are discussed in the context of recent data highlighting the emerging role of CB(2) receptor as a critical target able to counteract hypermotility in pathophysiological states, gut inflammation and possibly colon cancer.
Identification of a Potent Botulinum Neurotoxin A Protease Inhibitor Using in Situ Lead Identification Chemistry (2006)

[reaction: see text] Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs), etiological agents of the deadly food poisoning disease botulism, are the most toxic proteins currently known. By using in situ lead identification chemistry, we have uncovered the first class of inhibitors that displays nanomolar potency. From a 15 microM lead compound, structure-activity relationship studies were performed granting the most potent BoNT/A inhibitor reported to date that displays an inhibition constant of 300 nM.
Role of luminal lecithin in intestinal fat absorption (1973)

Abstract The effects of biliary lecithin on fat absorption were studied in 1 day bile fistula rats fed micellar solutions of bile salt, monoglyceride and radioactive free fatty acids. By electron microscopy and measurement of uptake of radioactivity into liver and adipose tissue, it was shown that in the absence of bile lecithin there was significant impairment of fat release from mucosa. Fat clearance was effected by the feeding of phosphatidyl choline or choline, but not phosphatidyl ethanolamine, inositol or cholesterol. In the absence of luminal choline there was a decrease in incorporation of radioactive leucine into mucosal protein. It is concluded that biliary and dietary lecithin or choline play an important role in triglyceride transport out of intestinal mucosa, by providing surfactant lecithin for the chylomicron envelope and by supporting mucosal protein biosynthesis.