gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Computational Framework for the Statistical Analysis of Cardiac Diffusion Tensors: Application to a Small Database of Canine Hearts (2007)

We propose a unified computational framework to build a statistical atlas of the cardiac fiber architecture from diffusion tensor magnetic resonance images (DT-MRIs). We apply this framework to a small database of nine ex vivo canine hearts. An average cardiac fiber architecture and a measure of its variability are computed using most recent advances in diffusion tensor statistics. This statistical analysis confirms the already established good stability of the fiber orientations and a higher variability of the laminar sheet orientations within a given species. The statistical comparison between the canine atlas and a standard human cardiac DT-MRI shows a better stability of the fiber orientations than their laminar sheet orientations between the two species. The proposed computational framework can be applied to larger databases of cardiac DT-MRIs from various species to better establish intraspecies and interspecies statistics on the anatomical structure of cardiac fibers. This information will be useful to guide the adjustment of average fiber models onto specific patients from in vivo anatomical imaging modalities.
Alzheimer‐associated presenilin‐2 confers increased sensitivity to poptosis in PC12 cells (1996)

Presenilin-2 is a gene of unknown function recently identified based upon linkage with some forms of familial Alzheimer's disease. To investigate potential effects of PS-2 on cell viability, rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells were stably transfected with cDNA constructs encoding either full-length human PS-2 or, for comparison, mouse Bcl-X(L). Overexpression of PS-2 conferred increased sensitivity to the apoptotic stimuli staurosporine and hydrogen peroxide. In contrast, Bcl-X(L) overexpression significantly reduced cell death induced by these stimuli. These results suggest that one function of PS-2 may involve modulation of cell viability.
In vitro response of four species of nematodes to desiccation and discussion of this and related phenomena. (1979)

Anhydrobiosis was induced in small quantities of nematodes ( 5 100) by slow desiccation using a modification of Simons’ membrane filter technique and dehydration schedule. Tests for the degree of anhydrobiosis were percent coiling and survival after exposure at O % r.h. for 24 h. Nematodes tested were Aphelelzchus avenue, Helicotylenchus dihystera, Scutellonema brachyururn and Acrobeloides sp. The dehydration of al1 four individual nematodes induced 91 to 98% coiling. Survival to desiccation was not correlated with coiling but rather with duration of dehydration. Coiling appeared to be a short term physical response to dehydration while anhydrobiosis was a longer term physiological response to slow dehydration. The authors discuss the current concepts of cryptobiosis, anhydrobiosis, drought resistance and quiescence.
Enhancement of Active Corrosion Protection via Combination of Inhibitor-Loaded Nanocontainers (2010)

The present work reports the synthesis of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanocontainers loaded with different corrosion inhibitors (vanadate, phosphate, and 2-mercaptobenzothiazolate) and the characterization of the resulting pigments by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The anticorrosion activity of these nanocontainers with respect to aluminum alloy AA2024 was investigated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The bare metallic substrates were immersed in dispersions of nanocontainers in sodium chloride solution and tested to understand the inhibition mechanisms and efficiency. The nanocontainers were also incorporated into commercial coatings used for aeronautical applications to study the active corrosion protection properties in systems of industrial relevance. The results show that an enhancement of the active protection effect can be reached when nanocontainers loaded with different inhibitors are combined in the same protective coating system.
Five-phase permanent magnet motor drives for ship propulsion applications (2005)

Multi-phase machines are very good candidates for ship propulsion application. In this paper, first a literature survey on the work accomplished in the area of multi-phase, split-phase and dual stator machines are presented. In the rest of the paper, additional degrees of freedom in multi-phase permanent magnet machines are employed to improve the overall performance of the system. Among all, the paper suggests and focuses on four significant features of multi-phase machines. First, the ability of injecting harmonic of currents in the motor and improving the torque production capability is discussed. Second, better torque and flux adjustment in DTC controlled multi phase motor is presented. Third, fault resilient current control of multi phase drive under loss of phases is examined. Finally the possibility of controlling multi motors through a single inverter is pointed out. The five phase permanent magnet motor is considered in this paper as an example. However the concept can be extended to higher number of phases.
Short‐term toxicological studies with impromidine (SK&F 92676): A specific histamine H<sub>2</sub>‐receptor agonist (1982)

Impromidine is a specific, potent histamine H2-receptor agonist. The present paper describes the results of acute and short-term repeated-dose toxicity studies with impromidine in rodents and dogs. The intravenous LD50 was 9.6 mg kg-1 in male mice, 12.7 mg kg-1 in female mice and 25.5 mg kg-1 in rats. The minimum lethal dose in dogs after 30 min intravenous infusion was 27.7 mg kg-1 during the infusion and 4 mg kg-1 within 14 days. In 12- or 14-day tests in rats by the intravenous (maximum dose 3.24 mg per kg per day) and subcutaneous (maximum dose 20 mg per kg per day) routes, impromidine had no serious toxicological effects. In 12- or 14-day studies in dogs by the i.v. (maximum dose 0.259 mg per kg per day) and intramuscular (maximum dose 0.5 mg per kg per day) routes, impromidine caused vasodilation, tachycardia and vomiting. In a few dogs, at the highest dose levels, there was erosion and irritation of the gastrointestinal tract and myocardial damage. Other minor pathological changes were seen in the liver, kidneys and pancreas. No changes were seen other than those to be expected from the pharmacological actions of impromidine as an H2-receptor agonist. Studies in anaesthetized rats, either spontaneously respiring or sustained by artificial respiration, indicate that, at acute doses, impromidine causes death by respiratory failure.
Covered Retrievable Expandable Nitinol Stents in Patients with Benign Esophageal Strictures: Initial Experience (2000)

Use of retrievable expandable nitinol stents seems to be a safe and effective method of treatment in selected patients with benign esophageal strictures.
Requirements for robust IP/UDP/RTP header compression (2001)

This document contains requirements for robust IP/UDP/RTP (Internet Protocol/User Datagram Protocol/Real-Time Transport Protocol) header compression to be developed by the ROHC (Robust Header Compression) WG. It is based on the ROHC charter, discussions in the WG, the document 3GPP TR 23.922, version 1.0.0 of October 1999, as well as contributions from 3G.IP.
A reliable Internet of Things based architecture for oil and gas industry (2017)

Anomaly detection systems deployed for monitoring in oil and gas industries are mostly WSN based systems or SCADA systems which all suffer from noteworthy limitations. WSN based systems are not homogenous or incompatible systems. They lack coordinated communication and transparency among regions and processes. On the other hand, SCADA systems are expensive, inflexible, not scalable, and provide data with long delay. In this paper, a novel IoT based architecture is proposed for Oil and gas industries to make data collection from connected objects as simple, secure, robust, reliable and quick. Moreover, it is suggested that how this architecture can be applied to any of the three categories of operations, upstream, midstream and downstream. This can be achieved by deploying a set of IoT based smart objects (devices) and cloud based technologies in order to reduce complex configurations and device programming. Our proposed IoT architecture supports the functional and business requirements of upstream, midstream and downstream oil and gas value chain of geologists, drilling contractors, operators, and other oil field services. Using our proposed IoT architecture, inefficiencies and problems can be picked and sorted out sooner ultimately saving time and money and increasing business productivity.
Intermittent lower-limb occlusion enhances recovery after strenuous exercise (2012)

Repeated cycles of vascular occlusion followed by reperfusion initiate a protective mechanism that acts to mitigate future cell injury. Such ischemic episodes are known to improve vasodilation, oxygen utilization, muscle function, and have been demonstrated to enhance exercise performance. Thus, the use of occlusion cuffs represents a novel intervention that may improve subsequent exercise performance. Fourteen participants performed an exercise protocol that involved lower-body strength and power tests followed by repeated sprints. Occlusion cuffs were then applied unilaterally (2 × 3-min per leg) with a pressure of either 220 (intervention) or 15 mm Hg (control). Participants immediately repeated the exercise protocol, and then again 24 h later. The intervention elicited delayed beneficial effects (24 h post-intervention) in the countermovement jump test with concentric (effect size (ES) = 0.36) and eccentric (ES = 0.26) velocity recovering more rapidly compared with the control. There were also small beneficial effects on 10- and 40-m sprint times. In the squat jump test there were delayed beneficial effects of occlusion on eccentric power (ES = 1.38), acceleration (ES = 1.24), and an immediate positive effect on jump height (ES = 0.61). Thus, specific beneficial effects on recovery of power production and sprint performance were observed both immediately and 24 h after intermittent unilateral occlusion was applied to each leg.
NEST SITE CHARACTERISTICS AND REPRODUCTIVE SUCCESS OF THE WESTERN TANAGER ( PIRANGA LUDOVICIANA) ON THE COLORADO FRONT RANGE (2002)

From 1999 through 2001 we located and monitored Western Tanager ( Piranga ludoviciana) nests in pub- lic open-space properties in Boulder County, Colorado. Fifty-four of 58 nests were located in ponderosa pine and the remainder in Douglas -fir. Nests were generally placed near the midpoint of branches in areas of high canopy cover (>50%) in the middle section of nest trees. Nest height varied as a function of nest tree height, and nests were oriented randomly in relation to trunks of nest trees. Tanager nesting success varied annually, with estimates using the Mayfield method ranging from 11.3% in 2000 to 75.3% in 2001. At least 8 nests were predated, and predation was the primary cause of nest failure. Parasitism by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater) occurred in 7 of 17 (41%) nests found dur- ing egg-laying or incubation. Clutch size averaged 3.8 in 10 unparasitized nests, but only 2.4 in 8 parasitized nests. Brood parasitism dramatically reduced the number of tanager fledglings produced per nest.
Transition metal–chelate complexes as relaxation modifiers in nuclear magnetic resonance (1984)

Studies are reported of relaxation modifiers for use in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging systems. Chelate complexes of transition metal salts are under investigation to determine their ability to reduce the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of the nucleus under observation and to reduce the toxicity of the metal ion. The ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) complexes of FeCl3, GdCl3, and MnCl2 are not as effective as the respective salts in reducing T1 of water protons at 90 MHz. For Mn, this diminution in ability is offset by a significant reduction in toxicity. Explanations for this loss of effectiveness are discussed.
User profile based product recommendation on android platform (2014)

When visiting malls or stores, users are usually served with a variety of products from different brands. Some products clearly reflect their suitability to the user, while a few others do not portray their suitability to the user. For instance, some foods are not suitable for Muslims, i.e. when the food contains ingredients that are not halal. Such case is particularly troublesome in the event where there are no labels or sign on the food products indicating whether they are halal or vegetarian. In such a case, the user may need to scrutinize the food's ingredients one by one. One of the ways to overcome these problems is by searching the facts on this particular matter on the web. However, this solution consumes the user's time especially to search for the product's details. To resolve this issue, in this paper we present an Android-based application called the User Profile Based Product Recommender. Basically, this application provides recommendations to its user based on the user's profile, e.g. gender, religion and medical condition. According the the recommendations being generated, the application will be able to match suitable products to the user. Additionally, the application provides an easy means in identifying the products, i.e. by scanning the product's barcode. By having such a simple-to-use application, this application will be a helpful tool in facilitating the users to be wiser in choosing the right products. Android platform is chosen as the hosting platform due to its nature, which is very close and personal to the user.
X-band and Ka-band monolithic GaAs PIN diode variable attenuation limiters (2003)

A description is given of monolithic GaAs p-i-n diode limiter circuits that have demonstrated 20 dB of variable attenuation at X-band and Ka-band while maintaining under 1.5:1 input voltage standing-wave ratio (VSWR). Insertion loss is 0.5-dB at 10 GHz and 1.4-dB at 36.5 GHz in the 0-mA bias condition. Passive limiting provides 7-dB of isolation at radio frequency (RF) powers up to 1.5 W (30% duty cycle). The process used to fabricate the variable attenuation limiter is compatible with FET circuits, allowing integration of other MMIC components on the same substrate for future single-chip radar front ends. Several of these circuits have been fabricated and RF tested. Fabrication, circuit design, and RF performance are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acoustic Noise Reduction of Switched Reluctance Motor With Reduced RMS Current and Enhanced Efficiency (2015)

A general condition is derived for the reduction of stator vibrations in multiphase switched-reluctance motors (SRMs) through current regulation in a low-torque and low-speed region. By exploring a wider space of solutions than had previously been examined, optimized solutions are found which simultaneously minimize acoustic noise and vibration, and also minimize qualities such as copper loss, peak current, or torque ripple. In particular, the current profile is represented as a Fourier sum of three harmonics and the phase shift of these harmonics is examined. Experiments show a reduction of motor losses by 10% to 20% relative to previous attempts at proposed waveforms, while achieving a similar reduction in acoustic noise and vibration. In general, current profiling for noise reduction resulted in reduced efficiency; however, in this paper, it was found that motor efficiency can be enhanced relative to conventional square waveform current regulation, while reducing acoustic noise and vibration significantly.
Chemically Induced Phospholipid Translocation Across Biological Membranes (2008)

Chemical means of manipulating the distribution of lipids across biological membranes is of considerable interest for many biomedical applications as a characteristic lipid distribution is vital for numerous cellular functions. Here we employ atomic-scale molecular simulations to shed light on the ability of certain amphiphilic compounds to promote lipid translocation (flip-flops) across membranes. We show that chemically induced lipid flip-flops are most likely pore-mediated: the actual flip-flop event is a very fast process (time scales of tens of nanoseconds) once a transient water defect has been induced by the amphiphilic chemical (dimethylsulfoxide in this instance). Our findings are consistent with available experimental observations and further emphasize the importance of transient membrane defects for chemical control of lipid distribution across cell membranes.
Ultra-low voltage power management circuit and computation methodology for energy harvesting applications (2006)

A power management and computation methodology is proposed for ultra-low power energy harvesting applications. An integrated exponential charge pump that accepts an input voltage of around 150mV and provides an unregulated output voltage of more than 1.5V serves as the power supply. To cater with the fluctuated energy source and unregulated power supply, a supply side charge-based computation methodology is proposed, of which the computation activity tracks with the fluctuation of the available energy. The idea is demonstrated in a test chip fabricated using a 0.35μm technology.
The effects of atacticity, comonomer content, and configurational defects on the equilibrium melting temperature of monoclinic isotactic polypropylene (2001)

Abstract A series of isotactic polypropylenes were investigated to account for total defect content using xylene fractionation and carbon‐13 NMR experimental methods. The defects of interest were percent atactic content, copolymer content, and configurational defects. Experimental equilibrium melting temperatures were obtained for each material using the Gibbs‐Thomson equation and extrapolation to infinite crystal thickness or the Hoffman‐Weeks analysis. The experimental equilibrium melting temperature was then compared with the theoretical equilibrium melting temperature predicted by Flory's melting point depression model. Flory's model was found to fit the experimental data using an equilibrium melting temperature of 186°C when configurational defects are ignored. However, to account for all defects, the equilibrium melting temperature for 100% isotactic polypropylene must be increased from 186 to 192°C. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 81: 229–236, 2001
Virulizin induces production of IL-17E to enhance antitumor activity by recruitment of eosinophils into tumors (2005)

2537 Background: Virulizin (V), has demonstrated strong antitumor activity in a variety of human tumor xenograft models including skin, pancreatic, breast, ovarian and prostate cancer. V is currently undergoing a pivotal Phase III clinical trial for the treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer in combination with Gemcitabine. A significant role of macrophages and NK cells was implicated in the antitumor mechanism of V where expansion as well as increased activity of macrophages and NK cells were observed in mice treated with V. The aim of this study is to evaluate the role of the inflammatory cytokine IL-17E (IL-25) in the antitumor mechanism of V. IL-17E is a proinflammatory cytokine, which can induce a TH2 immune response, associated with eosinophil expansion and infiltration into mucosal tissues. Methods: Antitumor activity of V was assessed on human melanoma C8161 xenograft in CD-1 nude mice. Alteration of IL-17E production in sera from V-treated mice was identified by 2-D gel electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF. The level of IL-17E in the sera was also determined by ELISA. IL-17E mRNA expression was determined by quantitative real-time RT-PCR. Intracellular expression of IL-17E was examined by flow cytometric analysis. The cell surface marker CCR3 on eosinophils was analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Cytokine IL-17E was increased in sera of V-treated mice bearing human melanoma xenograft, as shown by 2-D gel electrophoresis and ELISA. Treatment of splenocytes in vitro with V resulted in increased IL-17E mRNA expression, which peaked between 24 and 32 hours post-stimulation. Both in vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that B lymphocytes produce IL-17E upon V treatment. Furthermore, V treatment in vivo resulted in increased blood eosinophilia. Conclusion: In addition to activating innate immune system, V may manifest its antitumor activity through induction of IL-17E in B cells. This may lead to the recruitment of the proinflammatory cell type, eosinophils, which may function in parallel with macrophages and NK cells in mediating tumor destruction. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Induction and Recursion (2012)

This chapter presents two very powerful techniques for defining infinite sequences (recursion) and proving properties of infinite sequences (induction). The sequences in which we are interested are not only sequences of numbers (e.g., even positive integers) but also sequences of more elaborate objects (e.g., digital circuits).
Appendix 1 (2016)

This book illuminates the personal experience of being at the centre of a media scandal. The existential level of that experience is highlighted by means of the application of ethnological and phenomenological perspectives to extensive empirical material drawn from a Swedish context. The questions raised and answered in this book include the following: How does the experience of being the protagonist in a media scandal affect a person's everyday life? What happens to routines, trust, and self-confidence? How does it change the basic settings of his or her lifeworld?The analysis also contributes new perspectives on the fusion between interpersonal communication that takes place face to face, such as gossip and rumours, and traditional news media in the course of a scandal. A scandal derives its momentum from the audiences, whose engagement in the moral story determines its dissemination and duration. The nature of that engagement also affects the protagonist in specific ways. Members of the public participate through traditional oral communication, one vital aspect of which is activity in digital, social forums. The author argues that gossip and rumour must be included in the idea of the media system if we are to be able to understand the formation and power of a media scandal, a contention which entails critiques of earlier research. Oral interpersonal communication does not disappear when new communication possibilities arise. Indeed, it may be invigorated by them. The term news legend is introduced, to capture the entanglement between traditional news-media storytelling and oral narrative.
Equilibrium Information from Nonequilibrium Measurements in an Experimental Test of Jarzynski's Equality (2002)

Recent advances in statistical mechanical theory can be used to solve a fundamental problem in experimental thermodynamics. In 1997, Jarzynski proved an equality relating the irreversible work to the equilibrium free energy difference, DeltaG. This remarkable theoretical result states that it is possible to obtain equilibrium thermodynamic parameters from processes carried out arbitrarily far from equilibrium. We test Jarzynski's equality by mechanically stretching a single molecule of RNA reversibly and irreversibly between two conformations. Application of this equality to the irreversible work trajectories recovers the DeltaG profile of the stretching process to within k(B)T/2 (half the thermal energy) of its best independent estimate, the mean work of reversible stretching. The implementation and test of Jarzynski's equality provides the first example of its use as a bridge between the statistical mechanics of equilibrium and nonequilibrium systems. This work also extends the thermodynamic analysis of single molecule manipulation data beyond the context of equilibrium experiments.