gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Early activation events render T cells susceptible to HIV-1-induced syncytia formation. Role of protein kinase C. (1991)

In human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-infected cell cultures, cell-to-cell fusion and the formation of multinucleated giant cells (syncytia) are induced as a consequence of interactions between the viral envelope glycoprotein on infected cells and cell surface CD4 molecules on uninfected cells. Although activated CD4+ T cells rapidly form syncytia when cultured with HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein expressing (env+) cells, freshly isolated, unstimulated CD4+ T cells do so more slowly. In these studies, we sought to explore the role of T cell activation in rendering CD4+ T cells susceptible to HIV-1-mediated syncytia formation. Our results indicate that within 2 h of exposure to immunologic stimuli, CD4+ T cells acquire the ability to form syncytia with HIV-1 env+ cells. Both cholera toxin, an inhibitor of protein kinase C (PKC) through its effects on inositol triphosphate and diacylglycerol production, and 1-(5-isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine dihydrochloride, a noncompetitive inhibitor (with respect to ATP) of PKC, prevented unstimulated but not previously stimulated CD4+ T cells from forming syncytia with HIV-1 env+ cells. 1-Oleoyl-2-acetyl glycerol, an analog of the PKC activator, diacylglycerol, enhanced syncytia formation whereas ionomycin, a calcium ionophore, had no effect. These results suggest that activation of PKC is essential for previously unstimulated CD4+ T cells to become fusogenic.
Speed and accuracy of a beam tracking system for treatment of moving targets with scanned ion beams (2009)

The technical performance of an integrated three-dimensional carbon ion pencil beam tracking system that was developed at GSI was investigated in phantom studies. Aim of the beam tracking system is to accurately treat tumours that are subject to respiratory motion with scanned ion beams. The current system provides real-time control of ion pencil beams to track a moving target laterally using the scanning magnets and longitudinally with a dedicated range shifter. The system response time was deduced to be approximately 1 ms for lateral beam tracking. The range shifter response time has been measured for various range shift amounts. A value of 16 +/- 2 ms was achieved for a water equivalent shift of 5 mm. An additional communication delay of 11 +/- 2 ms was taken into account in the beam tracking process via motion prediction. Accuracy of the lateral beam tracking was measured with a multi-wire position detector to < or =0.16 mm standard deviation. Longitudinal beam tracking accuracy was parameterized based on measured responses of the range shifter and required time durations to maintain a specific particle range. For example, 5 mm water equivalence (WE) longitudinal beam tracking results in accuracy of 1.08 and 0.48 mm WE in root mean square for time windows of 10 and 50 ms, respectively.
IGF signaling between blastema and wound epidermis is required for fin regeneration (2010)

In mammals, the loss of a limb is irreversible. By contrast, urodele amphibians and teleost fish are capable of nearly perfect regeneration of lost appendages. This ability depends on direct interaction between the wound epithelium and mesenchymal progenitor cells of the blastema. It has been known for decades that contact between the wound epithelium and the underlying blastema is essential for successful regeneration. However, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that upon amputation the blastema induces expression of the ligand Igf2b, which then activates IGF signaling specifically in cells of the adjacent apical epithelium. Inhibition of IGF signaling by either morpholino antisense technology, or by specific chemical inhibitors of Igf1 receptor function NVP-AEW541 and NVP-ADW742, impairs fin regeneration. At the cellular level, this block in regeneration is reflected by a lack of the distinctive basal epithelium, increased apoptosis in the wound epidermis and reduced proliferation of blastema cells. Furthermore, induction of the blastemal and wound epidermal markers cannot be supported in the absence of IGF signaling. These data provide evidence that Igf2b expressed in the blastema promotes the properties of the adjacent wound epidermis, which subsequently are necessary for blastema function. Thus, IGF signaling upregulated upon fin amputation represents a signal from the blastema to the wound epithelium, a crucial step in appendage regeneration.
mAKAP and the ryanodine receptor are part of a multi-component signaling complex on the cardiomyocyte nuclear envelope (2001)

The physical association of regulatory enzymes and ion channels at relevant intracellular sites contributes to the diversity and specificity of second messenger-mediated signal transduction in cells. mAKAP is a scaffolding protein that targets the cAMP-dependent protein kinase A and phosphodiesterase type 4D3 to the nuclear envelope of differentiated cardiac myocytes. Here we present data that the mAKAP signaling complex also includes nuclear envelope-resident ryanodine receptors and protein phosphatase 2A. The ryanodine receptor is the major cardiac ion channel responsible for calcium-induced calcium release from intracellular calcium ion stores. As demonstrated by a combination of immunohistochemistry and tissue fractionation, mAKAP is targeted specifically to the nuclear envelope, whereas the ryanodine receptor is present at both the sarcoplasmic reticulum and nuclear envelope intracellular membrane compartments. At the nuclear envelope, a subset of cardiac ryanodine receptor is bound to mAKAP and via the association with mAKAP may be regulated by protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation. By binding protein kinase A and ryanodine receptor, mAKAP may serve as the scaffold for a cAMP- and calcium ion-sensitive signaling complex.
A Honeycomb‐Layered Na<sub>3</sub>Ni<sub>2</sub>SbO<sub>6</sub>: A High‐Rate and Cycle‐Stable Cathode for Sodium‐Ion Batteries (2014)

A honeycomb layered Na3Ni2SbO6 is synthesized as a cathode for sodium-ion batteries. This new host material exhibits a high capacity of 117 mA h g(-1), a remarkable cyclability with 70% capacity retention over 500 cycles at a 2C rate, and a superior rate capability with >75% capacity delivered even at a very high rate of 30 C (6000 mA g(-1)). These results open a new perspective to develop high-capacity and high-rate Na-ion batteries for widespread electric-energy-storage applications.
Isolation technology for scaled MOS VLSI (1982)

Local oxidation with self-aligned field threshold implant has become pervasive as the technique for device isolation in n-channel Si-gate technology. As device dimensions approach 1µm, both geometrical and performance limitations demand reconsideration of this choice. In this paper the goals and limitations of device isolation technology (threshold control, step coverage, transition region size, complexity) are first examined, and the various alternatives which have been proposed are critically reviewed. It appears that several evolutionary developments can significantly extend the life of conventional isolation technology.
Cooling and Excitation Tests of a Thin 1 mφ×1 m Superconducting Solenoid Magnet (1982)

Cooling and excitation tests of a thin 1 mφ×1 m superconducting solenoid magnet were performed. Quench properties were measured after inducing quenches with a heater. The magnet has a single layer aluminum-stabilized NbTi/Cu superconductor of 269 turns and the forced flow cooling method of two-phase helium was used. The design excitation current of the magnet is 4.5 kA to give a uniform field of 1.5 T with the iron yoke. The magnet was excited up to 6 kA without any unforced quench in the second test in which the iron yoke was absent.
A new multi-lanes detection using multi-camera for robust vehicle location (2005)

This paper deals with a new multi-lane markings detection and tracking system. The proposed system uses multiple cameras positioned differently in order to reduce different kind of perturbations, such as light sensitivity. The algorithm combines robust Kalman filtering and association based on belief theory to achieve multi-object tracking. Thus, the system provides the ability to track lane markings without any assumption on their number. It also proposes a new lane change management. To study this new system, the algorithm has been implemented on an embedded computer equipped with multiple cameras. We present experimental results obtained on a track. These results allow us to show important advantages of this new system and its robustness by comparing it to a classical system.
Science and Technology of the Twenty-First Century: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications of Carbon Nanotubes (2003)

▪ Abstract This account reviews the discovery, synthesis, properties, and the latest research advances of carbon nanotubes developed over the past 12 years. Because of their remarkable electronic and mechanical properties, carbon nanotubes are unique and exciting. The field has been developed rapidly, and the number of publications per year is increasing almost exponentially. Various technological applications are likely to arise using nanotubes for fabrication of flat panel displays, gas storage devices, toxic gas sensors, Li + batteries, robust and lightweight composites, conducting paints, electronic nanodevices, etc. Further experimental and theoretical research is still necessary so that novel technologies will become a reality in the early twenty-first century.
Wavelets in Wandering Subspaces (1993)

Mallat's construction, via a multiresolution approximation, of orthonormal wavelets generated by a single function is extended to wavelets generated by a finite set of functions.The connection between multiresolution approximation and the concept of wandering subspaces of unitary operators in Hubert space is exploited in the general setting.An example of multiresolution approximation generated by cardinal Hermite ß-splines is constructed.
Influence of nitric oxide synthase II gene disruption on tumor growth and metastasis. (2000)

The relationship between nitric oxide (NO) synthase II (NOS II) expression and the metastatic ability of tumor cells is inconclusive. We determined the role of host NOS II expression in the growth and metastasis of the B16-BL6 murine melanoma and M5076 murine ovarian sarcoma cell lines. The cells were either s.c. or i.v. injected into syngeneic wild-type (NOS H+/+) and NOS II-null (NOS H-/-) C57BL/6 mice. Both cell lines produced slightly larger s.c. tumors in NOS H-/- mice than in NOS II+/+ mice. However, B16- BL6 cells produced more and larger experimental lung metastases in NOS II+/+ mice than in NOS II-/- mice, whereas M5076 cells produced fewer and smaller experimental lung metastases in NOS II+/+ mice than in NOS II-/- mice. After activation with IFN-gamma and lipopolysaccharide, macrophages isolated from NOS II+/+ C57BL/6 mice produced NO-dependent cytotoxicity in sarcoma cells, whereas macrophages from NOS II-/- C57BL/6 mice did not. In contrast, activated macrophages produced little to no NO-mediated cytotoxicity in melanoma cells. Immunostaining analyses indicated that NOS II expression was apparent in the metastases growing in NOS H+/+ mice and correlated with increased cell proliferation in B16-BL6 lung metastases but with decreased cell proliferation in M5076 liver metastases. Our data suggest that disruption of host NOS II expression enhanced the growth and metastasis of NO-sensitive tumor cells but suppressed the metastasis of NO-resistant tumor cells, proposing that host-derived NO may differentially modulate tumor progression.
The effects of mining subsidence on discontinuous rock masses and the influence on foundations : the British experience : technical paper (1991)

Discontinuities are characteristic features of the competent rock masses such as standstones and limestones, which occur in the Coal Measures of Britain and the overlying Permian and Triassic systems. The longwall method used to extract coal subjects the strata above the seam to stresses that can cause discontinuities to open or widen significantly. Unfortunately, however, the degree to which discontinuities open or gape and the behaviour of discontinuous blocks cannot be predicted. Some discontinuities opened by tension may close, at least in part, when undergoing compressive stress. Overlying soils may be washed into discontinuities that gape and this may give rise to depressions. These, together with gaping joints, may give rise to foundation problems. The paper reviews some methods of foundation treatment that can be used to overcome the problems outlined above. It also briefly reviews two case histories relating to special foundations on sites affected by discontinuities and subsidence.
Diskontinuiteite is 'n kenmerkende eienskap van kompetente rotsliggame soos sandstene en kalkstene wat in die steenkoolmyne van Brittanje en die oorliggende Permiaanse en Triassiese sisteme voorkom. Die langwal-metode wat gebruik word om steenkool te myn, onderwerp die strata bokant die steenlaag aan spanning wat diskontinuiteite kan veroorsaak of beduidend verbreed. Ongelukkig is die mate van opening en die gedrag van onderbroke blokke nie voorspelbaar nie. Sekere diskontinuiteite wat deur spanning oopgemaak is, kan heeltemal of gedeeltelik toemaak as hulle kompressie ondergaan. Boliggende grond kan in diskontinue gapings ingewas word en daardeur kan oppervlakholtes vorm. Saam met gapende holtes mag dit probleme met fondamente veroorsaak. Die referaat gee 'n oorsig van sommige metodes van fondament-behandeling wat gebruik kan word om bogenoemde probleme te voorkom. Twee gevalle-studies word opsommenderwys gegee wat te make het met spesiale fondamente op terreine geaffekteer deur diskontinuiteite en versakking.
Pathways for Cytokine Secretion (2010)

Cytokine secretion is a widely studied process, although little is known regarding the specific mechanisms that regulate cytokine release. Recent findings have shed light on some of the precise molecular pathways that regulate the packaging of newly synthesized cytokines from immune cells. These findings begin to elucidate pathways and mechanisms that underpin cytokine release in all cells. In this article, we review the highlights of some of these novel discoveries.
Blockade of Long-Term Potentiation by β-Amyloid Peptides in the CA1 Region of the Rat Hippocampus In Vivo (2001)

The effect of intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of β-amyloid peptide fragments Aβ[15–25], Aβ[25–35], and Aβ[35–25] were examined on synaptic transmission and long-term potentiation (LTP) in the hippocampal CA1 region in vivo. Rats were anesthetized using urethan, and changes in synaptic efficacy were determined from the slope of the excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP). Baseline synaptic responses were monitored for 30 min prior to icv injection of Aβ peptides or vehicle. High-frequency stimulation (HFS) to induce LTP was applied to the Schaffer-collateral pathway 5 min or 1 h following the icv injection. HFS comprised 3 episodes of 10 stimuli at 200 Hz, 10 times, applied at 30-s intervals. Normal LTP measured 30 min following HFS, was produced following icv injection of vehicle (191 ± 17%, mean ± SE, n = 6) or Aβ[15–25; 100 nmol] (177 ± 6%, n = 6) 1 h prior to HFS. LTP was, however, markedly reduced by Aβ[25–35; 10 nmol] (129 ± 9%, n = 6, P < 0.001) and blocked by Aβ[25–35; 100 nmol] (99 ± 6%, n = 6, P < 0.001). Injection of the reverse peptide, Aβ[35–25], also impaired LTP at concentrations of 10 nmol (136 ± 3%, n = 6, P < 0.01) and 100 nmol (144 ± 7, n = 8, P < 0.05). Using a different protocol, HFS was delivered 5 min following Aβ injections, and LTP was measured 1 h post HFS. Stable LTP was produced in the control group (188 ± 15%, n = 7) and blocked by Aβ[25–35, 100 nmol] (108 ± 15%, n = 6, P < 0.001). A lower dose of Aβ[25–35; 10 nmol] did not significantly impair LTP (176 ± 30%, n = 4). The Aβ-peptides tested were also shown to have no significant effect on paired pulse facilitation (interstimulus interval of 50 ms), suggesting that neither presynaptic transmitter release or activity of interneurons in vivo are affected. The effects of Aβ on LTP are therefore likely to be mediated via a postsynaptic mechanism. This in vivo model of LTP is extremely sensitive to Aβ-peptides that can impair LTP in a time- ([25–35]) and concentration-dependent manner ([25–35] and [35–25]). These effects of Aβ-peptides may then contribute to the cognitive deficits associated with Alzheimer's disease.
The role of blood levels of soluble 53 kDa protein and CEA in monitoring colon cancer patients. (2000)

Findings suggest that HPLC determinations of blood levels of the s53 protein can be a useful means of monitoring cancer patients only if tumor removal is complete and the patient exhibits a subsequent sharp decrease in the p53 protein serum level. In such cases, a following increase in the serum level of the p53 protein reflects the initiation of a new neoplastic formation which can then be detected a few months earlier than by any other available method. However, if the patient's immune system reacts weakly to the operation and the blood concentration of the s53 protein remains high, neither CEA nor s53 levels can be used for monitoring purposes.
Evaluation of immunoassays for the detection and typing of PCR amplified human papillomavirus DNA. (1998)

The PCR-ELISA assay, which can be performed in one day, is easily standardised and therefore seems to be a practical, sensitive, and reliable diagnostic tool for the detection and typing of HPV genomes in biopsy and in cytological specimens in the routine diagnostic laboratory.
Chemical Vapor Deposition of Aluminum Nanowires on Metal Substrates for Electrical Energy Storage Applications (2011)

Metal nanowires show promise in a broad range of applications, but many synthesis techniques require complex methodologies. We have developed a method for depositing patterned aluminum nanowires (Al NWs) onto Cu, Ni, and stainless steel substrates using low-pressure decomposition of trimethylamine alane complex. The NWs exhibited an average diameter in the range from 45 to 85 nm, were crystalline, and did not contain a detectable amount of carbon impurities. Atomic layer deposition of 50 nm of vanadium oxide on the surface of Al NW allows fabrication of supercapacitor electrodes with volumetric capacitance in excess of 1400 F·cc(-3), which exceeds the capacitance of traditional activated carbon supercapacitor electrodes by more than an order of magnitude.
A Note on the Inhibition of the Isotope Exchange Reaction between 235U-enriched UF5 Nanoparticles and Natural UF6 Gas. (1999)

"A Note on the Inhibition of the Isotope Exchange Reaction between 235U-enriched UF5 Nanoparticles and Natural UF6 Gas." Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology, 36(1), pp. 108–109
Avant-propos (1980)

Le présent ouvrage correspond à une Thèse de Doctorat d'Etat soutenue en Sorbonne le 17 Novembre 1978 devant un jury présidé par Monsieur le Professeur J.E. HEHMITTE assisté de Madame J. BEAUJEU-GAHKIER, rapporteur, Monsieur le Professeur J. BASTIE, Monsieur le Professeur Y. BABOHAUX et Monsieur P. DURAND de la D.A.T.A.R. Ce travail n'est pas uniquement le fruit d'une longue et minutieuse recherche personnelle. Seule la multiplicité des aides et des concours dont l'auteur a eu la chance de bé...
New weakly coordinating anions. 2. Derivatization of the carborane anion CB11H12- (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew weakly coordinating anions. 2. Derivatization of the carborane anion CB11H12-Tomas Jelinek, Patricia Baldwin, W. Robert Scheidt, and Christopher A. ReedCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1993, 32, 10, 1982–1990Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00062a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00062a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1170Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Striatal delivery of CERE‐120, an AAV2 vector encoding human neurturin, enhances activity of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system in aged monkeys (2007)

Neurturin (NTN) is a potent survival factor for midbrain dopaminergic neurons. CERE-120, an adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2) vector encoding human NTN (AAV2-NTN), is currently being developed as a potential therapy for Parkinson's disease. This study examined the bioactivity and safety/tolerability of AAV2-NTN in the aged monkey model of nigrostriatal dopamine insufficiency. Aged rhesus monkeys received unilateral injections of AAV2-NTN into the caudate and putamen, with each animal therefore serving as its own control. Robust expression of NTN within the nigrostriatal system was observed 8 months postadministration. (18)F-fluorodopa imaging using positron emission tomography revealed statistically significant increases in (18)F-fluorodopa uptake in the injected striatum compared with the uninjected side at 4 and 8 months. In addition, at 8 months postadministration, a significant enhancement in tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive fibers and an increase in the number of tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactive cells was observed in the AAV2-NTN injected striatum compared with the uninjected side. Robust activation of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase immunoreactivity in the substantia nigra was also observed. Histopathological analyses revealed no adverse effects of AAV2-NTN in the brain. Collectively, these results are consistent with the neurotrophic effects of NTN on the dopaminergic nigrostriatal system and extend the growing body of evidence supporting the concept that AAV2-NTN may have therapeutic benefit for Parkinson's disease.