gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metformin: a safe and effective treatment in the management of NIDDM. (1997)

The oral antihyperglycemic drug metformin has a unique mechanism of action and controls glycemia in both obese and normal-weight NIDDM patients without inducing hypoglycemia, insulin stimulation or hyperinsulinemia. Metformin used in combination with sulfonylureas has a synergistic effect in lowering fasting and postprandial glucose and hemoglobin A1c levels, and improving the lipid profile. Metformin does not increase lactate production from skeletal muscle and has little clinically significant effect on vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption. Lactic acidosis associated with metformin use is extremely rare (reported incidence of 0.03/1,000 patient-years exposure) and has occurred predominantly in patients for whom the drug was contraindicated. Observance of prescribing guidelines will greatly minimize risk, since risk factors have been identified. Metformin can be safely used in the elderly, provided prescribing precautions are followed. Dosing in the elderly should be conservative, with dose adjustment designed to achieve normal blood sugar levels.
A monoclonal anti-platelet antibody with decreased reactivity for autoimmune thrombocytopenic platelets. (1983)

Two monoclonal anti-platelet antibodies, 3B2 and 8G11, have been raised that are specific for normal human platelets. 3B2 is unique in that it has decreased reactivity for platelets from 16 patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura [mean platelet count, 65,000 +/- 6,000 (SEM)]. With 8G11 in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, the mean of the ratios of patient platelet OD to control platelet OD was 0.95 +/- 0.07, whereas with 3B2, the mean of the ratios of patient platelet OD to control OD was 0.24 +/- 0.04, P less than 0.001. With 3B2 the mean of the OD ratios of five patients with autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura in remission (greater than 150,000 platelets per mm3) compared to controls was 0.80 +/- 0.14. 3B2 did not react with platelets from a patient with Glanzmann's thrombasthenia, in which membranes lack glycoproteins IIb and IIIa (GPIIb and GPIIIa). Platelet membranes were run on crossed immunoelectrophoresis against a rabbit polyclonal anti-human platelet membrane antibody with 125I-labeled purified 3B2 in an intermediate spacer gel. 3B2 reacted with the GPIIb-GPIIIa-Ca2+ complex in the presence of excess Ca2+ and with GPIIb alone in the presence of excess EGTA. When Triton X-100-solubilized platelet membranes were immunoprecipitated with 3B2 plus rabbit anti-mouse IgG, reduced, and run on NaDodSO4/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, a single protein band was obtained with a molecular weight of 120,000 (the molecular weight of GPIIb). Thus, the reactivity of monoclonal antibody 3B2 with GPIIb or the GPIIb-GPIIIa-Ca2+ complex appears to be inhibited by the presence of autoantibody on platelets.
Engineering and exploiting protein assemblies in synthetic biology (2009)

Many biologically relevant structures are formed by the self-assembly of identical protein units. Examples include virus capsids or cytoskeleton components. Synthetic biology can harness these bottom-up assemblies and expand their scope for applications in cell biology and biomedicine. Nanobiotechnology and materials science also stand to gain from assemblies with unique nanoscale periodicity. In these disciplines, the soft scaffolds can serve as templates to produce new metallic or inorganic materials of predefined dimensions. This review article describes how the structure and function of biological assemblies has inspired researchers to develop engineered systems with designed properties for new biomolecular applications.
Intralesional Rose Bengal in melanoma elicits tumor immunity via HMGB1 (2015)

Meeting abstracts Intralesional (IL) therapy is under investigation to treat dermal and subcutaneous metastatic cancer. Rose Bengal (RB) is a staining agent that was originally used by ophthalmologists and in liver function studies. Previously, IL injection of RB induced regression of injected and
Cyborg dreams: from ergodics to electracy (2004)

This paper speculatively explores some of wider ramifications of introducing computer‐based media into the academy, both as a teaching tool and as a type of media for study in its own right. It focuses on the experience of computer‐induced liminal space and some of the psychological affects that result, including q‐phasing and attention‐deficit‐type behaviour, and ponders what affect they have on learners. The paper postulates that use of this media may result in a new for of computer‐based literacy, which Ulmer has called electracy. Such questions have broader implications for concepts of humanity and culture which the paper points towards.
Abdominal Acupuncture for Insomnia in Women: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial (2008)

A randomized single-blind trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of short-term abdominal acupuncture as a novel treatment for insomnia in Chinese women. Forty-four patients between the ages of 22 and 56 were randomly assigned to an acupuncture (n = 23) and a medication group (n = 21). The acupuncture group received abdominal acupuncture once a day for the first three days and once every three days for the remaining 11 days. In addition, every subject in acupuncture group also received a placebo pill once daily. Abdominal acupuncture was administered according to a standardized protocol involving four master and four adjunctive acupoints: Zhongwan (CV 12), Xiawan (CV 10), Guanyuan (CV 4), and Qihai (CV 6); bilateral Shangqu (KI 17), Huaroumen (ST 24), Xiafengshidian, and Qipang. Subjects in the medication group were treated with sham acupuncture at the same time as the acupuncture group and received estazolam once a day. The outcome measure was the Leeds Sleep Evaluation Questionnaire (LSEQ), administered before and after the trial. Subjects who received abdominal acupuncture lowered their LSEQ scores by an average of 26.32 points (95% CI: 37.34, 15.30). After controlling for potential confounding factors, the effect of abdominal acupuncture in relieving insomnia was still statistically significant. Results indicate that short-term abdominal acupuncture is more effective than pharmacological treatment for relieving insomnia in adult women and has few adverse effects.
Nonlinear UHF quartz MEMS oscillator with phase noise reduction (2013)

Stable local oscillators with low phase noise are extremely important elements in high performance communication and navigation systems. We present the development of compact UHF-band frequency sources capable of maintaining low phase noise for handheld portable systems. We also explored nonlinearity in MEMS resonators and attempted to use nonlinear dynamics to enhance phase noise performance. Using the quartz MEMS technology, we have thus far demonstrated a 635 MHz oscillator with -112 dBc/Hz phase noise at 1 kHz offset frequency. The controlled oscillation of this nonlinear Duffing resonator in a closed-loop system with improved phase noise is described.
Synthesis of Poly (Dodecyl Methacrylate)s with Ultrahigh Molecular Weight (2004)

Dodecyl methacrylate was synthesized as the intermediate monomer for the preparation of Poly (dodecyl methacrylate)s and poly (dodecyl methacrylate)s were synthesized with emulsion polymerization techniques. Intrinsic viscosities were measured and viscosity average molecular weights were calculated. And then the polymers of dodecyl methacrylate with ultra-high molecular weight (Mη＞10^7) were synthesized through orthogonal experiments. IR Spectra of Dodecyl Methacrylate monomer and polymer were examined. The factors which influence the molecular weight were studied. The studies show that Mη increases with the initiator concentration decreasing, the reducer concentration increases and the emulsifier concentration increasing. Mη and the conversion increase with the reaction time prolonged. The studies also show that addition of another emulsifier (Triton X-100) can stabilize the emulsion and the Mη of products is enhanced from 1.17×10^7 to 1.75×10^7.
Active Agents in Common Skin Care Products (2010)

Sunscreen is the most biologically active antiaging ingredient in skin care products, but the antiinflammatory and antioxidant effects of botanicals possess tremendous marketing appeal.
Activity recognition from video sequences using declarative models (2000)

We propose here a new approach for video sequence interpretation based on declarative models of activities. The aim of the video sequence interpretation is to recognize incrementaly certain situations, like states of the scene, events and scenarios, in a video stream, in order to understand what happens in the scene. The input of the activity recognition is an a priori model of the scene and human tracked in it. The activity recognition is composed of two subproblems. First, end-users have to declare all the activities in a configuration phase. Secondly, the declared models must be automatically recognized. To solve the first problem, we propose a homogeneous declarative formalism to describe all the activities (states of the scene, events and scenarios). The activities are described by the conditions between the objects of the scene. To solve the second problem, we translate it into a constraints satisfaction problem. Then, we use a classical CSP algorithm to recognize the activities in video sequences. Finally, we present some results to show the robustness of the approach.
An optimized handover trigger scheme in LTE systems for high-speed railway (2011)

With the development of high-speed railway all over the world, the reliability and communication of bullet train depends on the wireless communication between train and Base Stations (BSs) along the railroad. Traditional handover scheme of Long Term Evolution (LTE) network is that `neighboring cell becomes better than an offset relative to the serving cell' during Time To Trigger (TTT), it avoids ping-pong between two cells effectively, but in high-speed railway, it would lead to radio link failure as it can't trigger handover. On the other hand, it would cause false trigger and alternate signaling frequently if just cutting down TTT. This paper includes a brief overview of traditional handover scheme, followed by an analysis of it in high-speed railway based on LTE systems. The analysis emphasizes the effects of velocity on handover. A scheme based on the train's position is proposed. The scheme adjusts TTT and entering and leaving condition of trigger handover at different positions. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme triggers handover more effectively as compared with traditional handover scheme, thus decreases outage probability and improves handover success probability.
PVT Properties and Viscosity Correlations for Gulf of Mexico Oils (2001)

ABSTRACT New empirical PVT correlations for Gulf of Mexico (GOM) oils have been developed as a function of commonly available field data. Correlations have been developed for: bubblepoint pressure,solution gas oil ratio at bubblepoint pressure,oil formation volume factor at bubblepoint pressure,undersaturated isothermal oil compressibility, Oil Viscosity: dead oil viscosity,saturated oil viscosity, andundersaturated oil viscosity. For the development of correlations, we have covered a wide range of data. More than one hundred pressure-volume-temperature (PVT) reports from GOM have been used in the development of correlations. Two of the published correlations, Standing, and Petrosky and Farshad correlations were tested using our GOM data set. Proposed correlations of this study predicted the PVT properties of GOM oils better than the correlations published in the literature, even when the coefficients of the published correlations are tuned. Using the correlations of this study, we have written a simple program that can generate PVT datasets for use in reservoir simulation. Laboratory measured differential liberation data for two different oil samples were also compared against our empirically generated differential liberation data.
Asymmetric line shapes and surface enhanced infrared absorption of CO adsorbed on thin iron films on MgO(001) (1999)

We have measured infrared transmission spectra of CO adsorbed on in situ grown iron films on MgO(001) under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Even at normal incidence we observed strong absorption lines in the C–O stretch region with number, intensities, positions, and shapes dependent on CO coverage and Fe-film thickness and morphology. This absorption must be due to vibrational dipoles oblique to the substrate surface, e.g., due to molecules at island walls. The distinct absorption lines can be assigned to distinct adsorption sites on crystalline facets of epitaxial Fe islands on MgO(001). For each of the films the strongest CO line shows an asymmetric shape. Additionally, the observed absorption is enhanced by at least two orders of magnitude with respect to adiabatic intensities of, e.g., CO on NaCl. Line shapes and intensity let us suggest nonadiabatic coupling of the adsorbate vibration to electronic transitions.
Development and Testing of the Digital Control System for the Archytas Unmanned Air Vehicle (1992)

The purpose of this study was to develop the digital sampling and control system for an Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) designed to takeoff and land vertically and to transition to forward flight. The system is designed to operate from a personal computer through an umbilical cable tethered to the platform for hover tests. The computer controls the sampling and digital conversion of onboard analog sensor signals and sends control-surface commands for pitch, roll and yaw motions. The thesis effort includes the following four parts: Design of a controllable Pulse-Width-Modulated signal to command the servos which operates various aerodynamic surfaces. This control is accomplished with software written to a counter/timer card installed in the computer. Sampling and conversion of the signals to the sensors through the programming of an analog-to-digital card installed in the computer. Sensor Power-up and parameter verification of onboard devices. Development of various power networds to allow operation of onboard systems prior to engine start with the ability to be self-sustaining once the engine is running. The system was fully tested during ground runs on a thrust/torque test stand. Integration of the system with the robust controller designed in a concurrent thesis will provide for the stability necessary for the innovative unmanned vehicle.... Archytas, CIO- AD16jr, Digital interface, Pulse-width-modulation Humphrey sensors, Futaba servo-control,
Increased Serum Levels of MRP-8/14 in Type 1 Diabetes Induce an Increased Expression of CD11b and an Enhanced Adhesion of Circulating Monocytes to Fibronectin (2004)

The recruitment of monocytes from the bloodstream is crucial in the accumulation of macrophages and dendritic cells in type 1 diabetic pancreases. Adhesion via integrins to endothelium and extracellular matrix proteins, such as fibronectin (FN), and the production of myeloid-related protein (MRP)-8, -14, and -8/14 by recently transmigrated monocytes are thought to be instrumental in such recruitment. We determined the FN-adhesive capacity and integrin expression of monocytes of type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients and related them to the subjects' serum levels of MRP-8, -14 and -8/14. Monocytes of type 1 diabetic patients displayed an increased adhesion to fibronectin in comparison with type 2 patients and healthy control subjects but had a normal expression of the FN binding integrins CD29, CD49a, CD49d, and CD49e (although CD11b and CD18 expression was increased). MRP-8/14, which was increased in the sera of type 1 diabetic patients, induced healthy donor monocytes to adhere to FN and upregulate CD11b expression in a dosage-dependent manner. The observed MRP-induced increased adhesion of monocytes to FN and upregulation of CD11b most likely contributed to a facilitated accumulation of monocytes and monocyte-derived cells at the site of inflammation, in this case the pancreatic islets.
A Retroinhibition Approach Reveals a Tumor Cell–Autonomous Response to Rapamycin in Head and Neck Cancer (2008)

Emerging evidence supporting the activation of the Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling network in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) progression has provided the rationale for exploring the therapeutic potential of inhibiting this pathway for HNSCC treatment. Indeed, rapamycin, a clinically relevant mTOR inhibitor, promotes the rapid regression of HNSCC-tumor xenografts in mice. However, rapamycin does not affect the growth of HNSCC cells in vitro, thus raising the possibility that, as for other cancer types, rapamycin may not target cancer cells directly but may instead act on a component of the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor-associated vasculature. Here, we used a retroinhibition approach to assess the contribution of cancer cell-autonomous actions of rapamycin to its antitumor activity in HNSCC. A rapamycin-resistant form of mTOR (mTOR-RR) was expressed in HNSCC cells while retaining the wild-type (rapamycin-sensitive) mTOR (mTOR-WT) alleles in host-derived endothelial and stromal cells. Expression of mTOR-RR prevented the decrease in phospho-S6 levels caused by rapamycin through mTOR in HNSCC cells but not in stromal cells, and rendered HNSCC xenografts completely resistant to the antitumoral activity of rapamycin. This reverse pharmacology strategy also enabled monitoring the direct consequences of inhibiting mTOR in cancer cells within the complex tumor microenvironment, which revealed that mTOR controls the accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1 alpha) and the consequent expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and a glucose transporter, Glut-1, in HNSCC cells. These findings indicate that HNSCC cells are the primary target of rapamycin in vivo, and provide evidence that its antiangiogenic effects may represent a downstream consequence of mTOR inhibition in HNSCC cells.
Semi-parametric Topological Memory for Navigation (2018)

We introduce a new memory architecture for navigation in previously unseen environments, inspired by landmark-based navigation in animals. The proposed semi-parametric topological memory (SPTM) consists of a (non-parametric) graph with nodes corresponding to locations in the environment and a (parametric) deep network capable of retrieving nodes from the graph based on observations. The graph stores no metric information, only connectivity of locations corresponding to the nodes. We use SPTM as a planning module in a navigation system. Given only 5 minutes of footage of a previously unseen maze, an SPTM-based navigation agent can build a topological map of the environment and use it to confidently navigate towards goals. The average success rate of the SPTM agent in goal-directed navigation across test environments is higher than the best-performing baseline by a factor of three. A video of the agent is available at https://youtu.be/vRF7f4lhswo
Immunomagnetic Separation Combined with Real-Time Reverse Transcriptase PCR Assays for Detection of Norovirus in Contaminated Food (2008)

We developed an immunomagnetic separation (IMS) technique combined with real-time TaqMan reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR), which allowed detection of norovirus at a level as low as 3 to 7 RT-PCR units from artificially contaminated strawberries. The inoculum recovery rate ranged from 14 to 30%. The data demonstrate that IMS combined with real-time RT-PCR will be useful as a rapid and sensitive method for detecting food-borne microbial contaminants.
Plane-wave theory of parametric oscillator and coupled oscillator-upconverter (1972)

Previous steady-state plane-wave theory for the singly resonant parametric oscillator has been extended to the case of arbitrary mirror reflectivities using the exact solutions given by Armstrong et al. [3] for the parametric interaction of three traveling waves. Numerical results are obtained for the efficiency, pump power transmission, optimum output coupling, threshold for the second mode, etc., for parametric oscillators with arbitrary mirror reflectivities and operating under arbitrary power levels. The analysis is also applied to the intracavity-coupled parametric oscillator-upconverter.
A systematic review of model based testing tool support (2010)

Model-based testing (MBT) is about testing a software system by using a model of its behaviour. To benefit fully from MBT, automation support is required. This paper presents a systematic review of prominent MBT tool support where we focus on tools that rely on state-based models. The systematic review protocol precisely describes the scope of the search and the steps involved in tool selection. Precisely defined criteria are used to compare\nselected tools and comprise support for test coverage criteria, level of automation for various testing activities, and support for the construction of test scaffolding. The results of this review should be of interest to a wide range of stakeholders: software companies interested in selecting the most appropriate MBT tool for their needs; organizations willing to invest into creating MBT tool support; researchers interested in setting research directions.
Highly Flexible Polyelectrolyte Nanotubes (2003)

A pressure-filter-template approach was employed to prepare polyelectrolyte nanotubes through layer-by-layer deposition in the alumina template. With the thicker wall, the ordered polymer nanotubes possess a high flexibility. The results demonstrate that the electrostatic interactions of polyelectrolytes play a key role in fabricating water-soluble charged polymer nanotubes. The structure of the polyelectrolyte nanotube was confirmed by SEM, TEM, and UV, respectively.
Calcor process for CO production (1990)

The standard Calcor process is a reforming process combined with a CO{sub 2} recovery and a CO purification step. The feed (natural gas or LPG) is mixed with a split stream of hydrogen, then preheated prior to passing a catalytic/adsorptive hydration and sulphur removal. The feed is then mixed with CO{sub 2}. Whilst passing the catalyst in the reformer tubes, the mixture of CO{sub 2} and feed is converted into a syngas consisting of carbon monoxide together with H{sub 2}, CO{sub 2} and CH{sub 4}. (orig.).
Influenza virus-induced lung injury: pathogenesis and implications for treatment (2015)

The influenza viruses are some of the most important human pathogens, causing substantial seasonal and pandemic morbidity and mortality. In humans, infection of the lower respiratory tract of can result in flooding of the alveolar compartment, development of acute respiratory distress syndrome and death from respiratory failure. Influenza-mediated damage of the airway, alveolar epithelium and alveolar endothelium results from a combination of: 1) intrinsic viral pathogenicity, attributable to its tropism for host airway and alveolar epithelial cells; and 2) a robust host innate immune response, which, while contributing to viral clearance, can worsen the severity of lung injury. In this review, we summarise the molecular events at the virus-host interface during influenza virus infection, highlighting some of the important cellular responses. We discuss immune-mediated viral clearance, the mechanisms promoting or perpetuating lung injury, lung regeneration after influenza-induced injury, and recent advances in influenza prevention and therapy.