gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Beamnet: End-to-end training of a beamformer-supported multi-channel ASR system (2017)

This paper presents an end-to-end training approach for a beamformer-supported multi-channel ASR system. A neural network which estimates masks for a statistically optimum beamformer is jointly trained with a network for acoustic modeling. To update its parameters, we propagate the gradients from the acoustic model all the way through feature extraction and the complex valued beamforming operation. Besides avoiding a mismatch between the front-end and the back-end, this approach also eliminates the need for stereo data, i.e., the parallel availability of clean and noisy versions of the signals. Instead, it can be trained with real noisy multi-channel data only. Also, relying on the signal statistics for beamforming, the approach makes no assumptions on the configuration of the microphone array. We further observe a performance gain through joint training in terms of word error rate in an evaluation of the system on the CHiME 4 dataset.
Wind River Basin (1934)

Research Article| August 31, 1934 Wind River Basin C. MAX BAUER C. MAX BAUER Search for other works by this author on: GSW Google Scholar GSA Bulletin (1934) 45 (4): 665–696. https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-45-665 Article history received: 12 Dec 1933 first online: 02 Mar 2017 Cite View This Citation Add to Citation Manager Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Search Site Citation C. MAX BAUER; Wind River Basin. GSA Bulletin 1934;; 45 (4): 665–696. doi: https://doi.org/10.1130/GSAB-45-665 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Refmanager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentBy SocietyGSA Bulletin Search Advanced Search Abstract INTRODUCTION AND ACKNOWLEDGMENTSThis paper presents an interpretation of the events that occurred in the building of the central Rocky Mountains and the intervening basins, as revealed by exposures in west central Wyoming. The outline of the area studied is shown in the accompanying index map, Figure 1. The principal exposures are along the northern edge of the Sweetwater Plateau. F. M. Endlich 1 described the topography of the region in 1879. The region north of the Sweetwater escarpment drains into the Wind River; that to the south drains into the Sweetwater River. The Sweetwater rim (Pl. 97A) extends northeastward from the southern end of the Wind River Range (Pl 94) for about 18 miles and then turns eastward for 35 miles to join the Rattlesnake Mountains. It has a steep north face, rising 600 to 800 feet above the general level of the Wind River Basin (Pl. 97A). Its . . . This content is PDF only. Please click on the PDF icon to access. First Page Preview Close Modal You do not have access to this content, please speak to your institutional administrator if you feel you should have access.
VANADIUM AS A GLASS COLORANT* (1939)

A bstract Vanadium, as a glass colorant, acts much like chromium. Ordinarily it leads to green tints which are due to the superposition of the green of trivalent vanadium and the yellow of pentavalent vanadium. Large excess of alkali leads to the formation of colorless vanadates. Under special conditions, solarization may be used to develop the lavender color of bivalent vanadium. The effect of melting conditions and changes in the base glass composition on the colors is discussed.
Dual workfunction fully silicided metal gates (2004)

Fully silicided (FUSI), dual workfunction (WF), Ni monosilicide metal gates are demonstrated using Sb predoped polySi for setting the nFET WF and for the first time a combination of Al predoped polySi and a Ni(Pt) alloy silicide for the pFET WF. The combination of the Sb and Al predoped polySi along with the Ni(Pt)Si, allow for WFs spanning the Si band gap to within 0.2 eV of the band edges. With this large WF range the FUSI, dual WF, NiSi process is applicable for both high performance and low power CMOS applications. It is shown that the Al and Sb predoped polySi and the Ni(Pt)Si alloy have leakage currents equivalent to NiSi formed from intrinsic polySi. A fundamental voiding problem in the formation of CoSi/sub 2/ metal gates is also demonstrated, indicating the superiority of the NiSi gates.
Task-relevant grasp selection: A joint solution to planning grasps and manipulative motion trajectories (2016)

This paper addresses the problem of jointly planning both grasps and subsequent manipulative actions. Previously, these two problems have typically been studied in isolation, however joint reasoning is essential to enable robots to complete real manipulative tasks. In this paper, the two problems are addressed jointly and a solution that takes both into consideration is proposed. To do so, a manipulation capability index is defined, which is a function of both the task execution waypoints and the object grasping contact points. We build on recent state-of-the-art grasp-learning methods, to show how this index can be combined with a likelihood function computed by a probabilistic model of grasp selection, enabling the planning of grasps which have a high likelihood of being stable, but which also maximise the robot's capability to deliver a desired post-grasp task trajectory. We also show how this paradigm can be extended, from a single arm and hand, to enable efficient grasping and manipulation with a bi-manual robot. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the approach using experiments on a simulated as well as a real robot.
The origin of the large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Co3Pt alloy thin films (1999)

The origin of the large perpendicular magnetic anisotropy constant Ku obtained in Co3Pt alloy thin films is discussed in connection with a superlattice structure. The Ku and the order parameter S are influenced not only by substrate deposition temperature Ts but also deposition rate γ. For Ts=330 °C, Ku and S increase with lowering γ, whereas for Ts=400 °C, the opposite trend is found. A model, in which the origin of Ku results from two mechanisms: Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Co3Pt disordered phase and interface-induced magnetic anisotropy in Co3Pt ordered phase, can account for the observed dependence of Ku on S.
SMAD4 mutations in colorectal cancer probably occur before chromosomal instability, but after divergence of the microsatellite instability pathway (2001)

Loss of chromosome 18q21 is well documented in colorectal cancer, and it has been suggested that this loss targets the DCC, DPC4/SMAD4, and SMAD2 genes. Recently, the importance of SMAD4, a downstream regulator in the TGF-beta signaling pathway, in colorectal cancer has been highlighted, although the frequency of SMAD4 mutations appears much lower than that of 18q21 loss. We set out to investigate allele loss, mutations, protein expression, and cytogenetics of chromosome 18 copy number in a collection of 44 colorectal cancer cell lines of known status with respect to microsatellite instability (MSI). Fourteen of thirty-two MSI(-) lines showed loss of SMAD4 protein expression; usually, one allele was lost and the other was mutated in one of a number of ways, including deletions of various sizes, splice site changes, and missense and nonsense point mutations (although no frameshifts). Of the 18 MSI(-) cancers with retained SMAD4 expression, four harbored missense mutations in the 3' part of the gene and showed allele loss. The remaining 14 MSI(-) lines had no detectable SMAD4 mutation, but all showed allele loss at SMAD4 and/or DCC. SMAD4 mutations can therefore account for about 50-60% of the 18q21 allele loss in colorectal cancer. No MSI(+) cancer showed loss of SMAD4 protein or SMAD4 mutation, and very few had allelic loss at SMAD4 or DCC, although many of these MSI(+) lines did carry TGFBIIR changes. Although SMAD4 mutations have been associated with late-stage or metastatic disease, our combined molecular and cytogenetic data best fit a model in which SMAD4 mutations occur before colorectal cancers become aneuploid/polyploid, but after the MSI(+) and MSI(-) pathways diverge. Thus, MSI(+) cancers may diverge first, followed by CIN(+) (chromosomal instability) cancers, leaving other cancers to follow a CIN(-)MSI(-) pathway.
Design and Implementation of Wireless Sensor Network Gateway Based on Web Services (2008)

The resource sharing of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) under the Internet environment is one of the key issues to be solved for the application of WSNs. It proposed a Web Services based sensor network architecture, which can enlarge the application domain and increase the scalability and maintenance of current solutions. In the scheme, users can conveniently access WSNs via web browser at anytime and at anywhere. The design and implementation of gateway is introduced in detail, which has been applied in the monitor system for northwest greenhouse very well.
The effect of carvedilol on enhanced ADP-ribosylation and red blood cell membrane damage caused by free radicals (2001)

Our results show that carvedilol can modulate the reactive-oxygen-species-induced signaling through poly- and mono(ADP-ribosyl)ation reactions, the NAD(+) catabolism in postischemic perfused hearts and has a marked scavenger effect on free radical generator-induced red blood cell membrane damage. All these findings may play an important role in the beneficial effects of carvedilol treatment in different cardiovascular diseases.
Solid-State Terahertz Superresolution Imaging Device in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS Technology (2017)

Breaking through diffraction limit at terahertz frequencies is currently performed with the near-field scanning optical microscopy, which suffers from low integration and sensitivity limitations. In this paper, a solid-state superresolution imaging device in 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS technology operating around 534-562 GHz is presented. The device exhibits a singlechip integration of the complete imaging functionality, including a tunable CW illumination source, near-field sensing, and power detection with a high response of up to 9.65 μA and a noise√ equivalent power of around 15-21 pW/ Hz at 60 kHz. Here, the stopband characteristics of a novel cross-bridged double splitring resonator are exploited as an object-tunable transmission gate between a 3-push Colpitts oscillator and a simple HBT power detector. The resonator features a 3-D topography to achieve high-spatial confinement of the surface near-fields and is capable of resolving structural details with an estimated lateral resolution down to 10-12 μm. For a separate antenna-coupled oscillator breakout, a radiated power of up to 28.2 μW was measured. Furthermore, a 2-D raster-scanned superresolution image with a remarkable signal-to-noise ratio of 42 dB was captured for the device operating even at dc.
A Simulation Model for Time-sensitive Networking (TSN) with Experimental Validation (2019)

Industrial communication requires highly reliable networks with hard temporal constraints. Thus, the IEEE 802.1 Task Group proposed a promising technology, namely, time-sensitive networking (TSN), to complement the determinism and real-time (RT) capabilities of Ethernet via a set of enhanced IEEE standards. To explore the feasibility and applicability of TSN, we developed a simulation model for TSN using a module-based design method. Our TSN-compliant modules implement time-based traffic scheduling functionality to guarantee the deterministic and RT transmission of time-triggered traffic. We validated the developed modules by comparing the end-to-end simulation latencies to those measured in a real-world TSN testbed. The results of this evaluation validate the proposed simulation model and show that it conforms tightly to the TSN specifications and faithfully matches the real-world testbed.
Microemulsions as Enhanced Drug Delivery Carrier: An Overview (2012)

Microemulsions are clear, thermodynamically stable, isotropic mixtures of oil, water and surfactant, frequently in combination with a co-surfactant. They offer numerous advantages like improved solubilization of both hydrophilic and lipophilic drugs, better bioavailability, prolong and targeted release, enhanced permeation across biological membranes, protection against oxidation, better stability and ease of manufacturing as well as processing. These systems are currently of interest to the pharmaceutical scientist because of their unique characteristics and considerable potential to act as drug delivery carrier by incorporating a wide range of drug molecules. In order to appreciate the potential of microemulsions as delivery carrier, this review gives an overview of the microemulsion properties, formulation, phase behaviour, characterization and application of microemulsions as a drug delivery carrier.
Structure-Based Identification of Novel Ligands Targeting Multiple Sites within a Chemokine–G-Protein-Coupled-Receptor Interface (2016)

CXCL12 is a human chemokine that recognizes the CXCR4 receptor and is involved in immune responses and metastatic cancer. Interactions between CXCL12 and CXCR4 are an important drug target but, like other elongated protein-protein interfaces, present challenges for small molecule ligand discovery due to the relatively shallow and featureless binding surfaces. Calculations using an NMR complex structure revealed a binding hot spot on CXCL12 that normally interacts with the I4/I6 residues from CXCR4. Virtual screening was performed against the NMR model, and subsequent testing has verified the specific binding of multiple docking hits to this site. Together with our previous results targeting two other binding pockets that recognize sulfotyrosine residues (sY12 and sY21) of CXCR4, including a new analog against the sY12 binding site reported herein, we demonstrate that protein-protein interfaces can often possess multiple sites for engineering specific small molecule ligands that provide lead compounds for subsequent optimization by fragment based approaches.
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Papain-Like Protease Ubiquitin-Like Domain and Catalytic Domain Regulate Antagonism of IRF3 and NF-κB Signaling (2009)

The outcome of a viral infection is regulated in part by the complex coordination of viral and host interactions that compete for the control and optimization of virus replication. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) intimately engages and regulates the host innate immune responses during infection. Using a novel interferon (IFN) antagonism screen, we show that the SARS-CoV proteome contains several replicase, structural, and accessory proteins that antagonize the IFN pathway. In this study, we focus on the SARS-CoV papain-like protease (PLP), which engages and antagonizes the IFN induction and NF-kappaB signaling pathways. PLP blocks these pathways by affecting activation of the important signaling proteins in each pathway, IRF3 and NF-kappaB. We also show that the ubiquitin-like domain of PLP is necessary for pathway antagonism but not sufficient by itself to block these pathways regardless of the enzymatic activity of the protease. The potential mechanism of PLP antagonism and its role in pathogenesis are discussed.
Bioactive secondary metabolites from acid mine waste extremophiles. (2014)

The extremophilic microbes of the Berkeley Pit Lake are a valuable source of new and interesting secondary metabolites. It is of particular interest that these acidophilic microbes produce small molecule inhibitors of pathways associated with low pH and high Eh. These same small molecules also inhibit molecular pathways induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and inflammation in mammalian cells. Low pH is a hallmark of inflammation and high Eh is one of ROS, so the suitability of this collection as a source of bioactive metabolites is actually quite biorational. Compound isolation was guided by inhibition of caspase-1 and matrix metalloproteinase-3, and active compounds were sent to the National Cancer Institute-Developmental Therapeutics Program and Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer center for evaluation as either antiproliferative or cytotoxic agents.
In vitro binding of the Salmonella dublin virulence plasmid regulatory protein SpvR to the promoter regions of spvA and spvR (1996)

The spv regulon of Salmonella dublin is essential for virulence in mice. SpvR, a LysR-type regulator, induces the expression of the spvABCD operon and its own expression in the stationary phase of bacterial growth and in macrophages. We constructed fusion proteins to the maltose-binding protein (MBP) and a His tag peptide (His) to overcome the insolubility and to facilitate purification of SpvR. We demonstrated that both fusion proteins, MBP-SpvR and His-SpvR, were able to induce spvA expression in vivo. MBP-SpvR was produced as soluble protein, whereas His-SpvR was only marginally present in the soluble cell fraction. Affinity chromatography resulted in at least 95% pure MBP-SpvR protein and in an enrichment of His-SpvR. Gel mobility shift assay revealed that the SpvR fusion proteins were able to bind to 125-and 147-bp DNA fragments of the spvA and spvR promoter regions, respectively. DNase I footprint experiments showed that the fusion proteins protected DNA regions of 54 and 50 bp within the spvA and spvR promoter regions, respectively.
Dependency of Tunneling-Magnetoresistance Ratio on Nanoscale Spacer Thickness and Material for Double MgO Based Perpendicular-Magnetic-Tunneling-Junction (2016)

It was found that in double MgO based perpendicular magnetic tunneling junction spin-valves ex-situ annealed at 400 °C, the tunneling magnetoresistance ratio was extremely sensitive to the material and thickness of the nanoscale spacer: it peaked at a specific thickness (0.40~0.53 nm), and the TMR ratio for W spacers (~134%) was higher than that for Ta spacers (~98%). This dependency on the spacer material and thickness was associated with the (100) body-centered-cubic crystallinity of the MgO layers: the strain enhanced diffusion length in the MgO layers of W atoms (~1.40 nm) was much shorter than that of Ta atoms (~2.85 nm) and the shorter diffusion length led to the MgO layers having better (100) body-centered-cubic crystallinity.
Direct Metal Laser Sintering Titanium Dental Implants: A Review of the Current Literature (2014)

Statement of Problem. Direct metal laser sintering (DMLS) is a technology that allows fabrication of complex-shaped objects from powder-based materials, according to a three-dimensional (3D) computer model. With DMLS, it is possible to fabricate titanium dental implants with an inherently porous surface, a key property required of implantation devices. Objective. The aim of this review was to evaluate the evidence for the reliability of DMLS titanium dental implants and their clinical and histologic/histomorphometric outcomes, as well as their mechanical properties. Materials and Methods. Electronic database searches were performed. Inclusion criteria were clinical and radiographic studies, histologic/histomorphometric studies in humans and animals, mechanical evaluations, and in vitro cell culture studies on DMLS titanium implants. Meta-analysis could be performed only for randomized controlled trials (RCTs); to evaluate the methodological quality of observational human studies, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale (NOS) was used. Results. Twenty-seven studies were included in this review. No RCTs were found, and meta-analysis could not be performed. The outcomes of observational human studies were assessed using the NOS: these studies showed medium methodological quality. Conclusions. Several studies have demonstrated the potential for the use of DMLS titanium implants. However, further studies that demonstrate the benefits of DMLS implants over conventional implants are needed.
A survey on graph partitioning approach to spectral clustering (2015)

Cluster analysis is an unsupervised technique of grouping related objects without considering their label or class. The objects belonging to the same cluster are relatively more homogeneous in comparison with other clusters. The application of cluster analysis is in areas like gene expression analysis, galaxy formation, natural language processing and image segmentation etc. The clustering problem can be formulated as a graph cut problem where a suitable objective function has to be optimized. This study uses different graph cluster formulations based on graph cut and partitioning problems. A special class of graph clustering algorithm known as spectral clustering algorithms is used for the study. Two widely used spectral clustering algorithms are applied to explaining solution to these problems. These algorithms are generally based on the Eigen-decomposition of Laplacian matrices of either weighted or non-weighted graphs.
Helical Pitches and Tilt Angles in Room Temperature Ferroelectric Chiral Smectic C Liquid Crystals, MORA n and MBRA n (1983)

The helical pitches and the tilt angles are measured as a function of temperature for recently synthesized room temperature ferroelectric Sm C * liquid crystals to examine the possibility as materials for switching devices. The pitch of MBRA 8 is almost independent of temperature except in the range close to the Sm A to Sm C * phase transition, where it appears to decrease steeply as in n OBAMBC. In MORA 8 and 12, it gradually increases with temperature but does not decrease near the transition from Sm C * to isotropic. The tilt angle of MBRA 8 is relatively small as compared with the desired value of 22.5° for the best contrast. The tilt angle of MORA n could not be determined because the spontaneous polarization is too small to unwind the helix for the measurements. The present substances are not suitable for switching devices by themselves, but are pointed out to be useful as mixing components.
Surface acoustic wave tactile display (2001)

Developing realistic tactile displays for virtual reality has been challenging. Tangible displays are increasingly important interfaces not only for augmenting the reality of computer graphics but also for conveying graphical information to persons with visual impairments. We propose a tactile display using surface a acoustic waves. We can continuously change the fineness of the surface's grain by controlling the SAWs' burst frequency.
Mobile devices for interaction in immersive virtual environments (2018)

Gamepads and 3D controllers are the main controllers used in most Virtual Environments. Despite being simple to use, these input devices have a number of limitations as fixed layout and difficulty to remember the mapping between buttons and functions. Mobile devices present interesting characteristics that might be valuable in immersive environments: more flexible interfaces, touchscreen combined with onboard sensors that allow new interaction and easy acceptance since these devices are used daily by most users. The work described in this article proposes a solution that uses mobile devices to interact with Immersive Virtual Environments for selection and navigation tasks. The proposed solution uses the mobile device camera to track the Head-Mounted-Display position and present a virtual representation of the mobile device screen; it was tested using an Immersive Virtual Museum as use case. Based on this prototype, a study was performed to compare controller based and mobile based interaction for navigation and selection showing that using mobile devices is viable in this context and offers interesting interaction opportunities.
Progression and Management of Duodenal Neoplasia in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (2014)

Patients with advanced duodenal polyposis progress in the severity of disease (size and degree of dysplasia); however, the rate of progression to carcinoma is slow. Aggressive endoscopic and surgical intervention, especially in the presence of large polyps and high-grade dysplasia, appears to be effective in preventing cancer deaths in FAP.