gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of compressive strains on electrical conductivities of a macroscale carbon nanotube block (2007)

A macroscopic block (∼9mm3) of aligned carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was grown by chemical vapor deposition and its simultaneous electrical conductivity and compressive strain responses were measured parallel and perpendicular to the CNT alignment. The block exhibits elastic moduli of 0.9 and 1.6MPa for compressive strain of &lt;20% in parallel and perpendicular configurations, respectively. The electrical conductivity increases with increasing compressive strain in both configurations. The reversible electrical conductivity and compressive strain responses of block is attributed to elastic bending of CNTs. These excellent properties of CNT block can be used in compressive strain sensing applications.
Interleukin-2 Initiates Metabolic Responses Associated with Critical Illness in Humans (1988)

The cytokine interleukin-2 is a primary modulator of the immune response that occurs after infection, trauma, and transplant rejection, yet its role as a mediator of associated metabolic changes in surgical illness is unknown. We studied clinical and metabolic responses in eleven tumor-bearing humans with normal renal and hepatic function receiving bolus intravenous (I.V.) interleukin-2 (30,000 U/kg). Additional subjects (n = 6) were pretreated with the cyclooxygenase inhibitor, ibuprofen (1600 mg, orally), before interleukin-2 administration. Serial measurements were made of vital signs, symptoms, hematology, and plasma concentrations of pituitary and stress hormones and selected cytokines. Administration of interleukin-2 resulted in fever, tachyacardia, "flu-like" symptoms, and neurohormonal elaboration. The responses observed were quantitatively similar to those that occurred after endotoxin administration in healthy subjects (n = 13), but differed in the following manner: 1) the onset of fever and endocrine changes occurred after a longer latent interval (180-240 minutes vs. 60-90 minutes after endotoxin), 2) peak responses after the administration of interleukin-2 also occurred later, 3) no increased circulating tumor necrosis factor was detected after administration of interleukin-2 (peak plasma concentration was greater than 35 pg/ml vs. 270 +/- 70 pg/ml after endotoxin administration), and 4) administration of interleukin-2 but not of endotoxin was associated with increased circulating concentrations of gamma interferon (peak plasma concentration 1.7 +/- 0.2 NIH U/ml vs. less than 0.1 NIH U/ml after endotoxin administration). Fever and neurohormonal responses after interleukin-2 administration were greatly attenuated by ibuprofen administration. Interleukin-2 induces other cytokines that exert their effects largely through the cyclooxygenase pathway. Interleukin-2 may be an important signal, initiating the integrated host responses to infection and injury.
System-in-silicon architecture and its application to H.264/AVC motion estimation for 1080HDTV (2006)

System-in-silicon (SiS) is a multi-chip architecture to realize wide bandwidth communication between logic and memory with low power. The application of SiS to H.264/AVC motion estimation is presented. DRAM is integrated with 23.1 Gb/s bandwidth and 1.6pJ/b data transfer efficiency, realizing real-time 1080HDTV processing with 263.1GB/s. The authors present a system-in-silicon architecture with 1024b inter-chip bus to provide high-bandwidth low-power connectivity between logic and memory. The highly parallel architecture also allows low frequency (25MHz) operation while achieving real-time motion estimation for 1080HDTV. The solution achieves the required 23.1 Gb/s bandwidth and associated processing for motion estimation at a power level of 190mW
The chemistry of silicic acid (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemistry of silicic acidS. A. Greenberg Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1959, 36, 5, 218Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1959Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1959Published inissue 1 May 1959https://doi.org/10.1021/ed036p218RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views699Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Optoelectronically pulsed slot-line antennas (1983)

Short electromagnetic pulses of high power are generated via an optoelectronic switch. By means of an integrated set-up it is demonstrated that these pulses can be directly used to drive a broadband slot-line antenna. In this way, radiation of high-power microwave pulses is achieved.
Sensing and amplification of oligonucleotide-DNA interactions by means of impedance spectroscopy: a route to a Tay–Sachs sensor (1999)

A. Bardea, F. Patolsky, A. Dagan and I. Willner, Chem. Commun., 1999, 21 DOI: 10.1039/A808319C
Controlling double dipole loudspeaker radiation by adapted input filtering (2010)

Most flat panel loudspeakers grant good structural integration properties due to the lack of an enclosure. However the backward radiation of a dipole is not desired in many applications. In this paper, a system which achieves a high suppression of the backward radiation using a pair of dipole speakers with adapted input signal filters, is proposed. Furthermore the system does not produce any audible changes to the acoustic signal of the forward direction. Hence the sound is perceived as radiated by a single loudspeaker. Additionally, the expansion to stereo radiation with highly suppressed acoustic crosstalk of both directions is presented. The filter design as well as a calibration algorithm for any given pair of dipole loudspeakers is explained. The good performance of the developed system is proven by measurement results with a prototype system.
Mitochondrial mass, a new metabolic biomarker for stem-like cancer cells: Understanding WNT/FGF-driven anabolic signaling (2015)

Here, we developed an isogenic cell model of "stemness" to facilitate protein biomarker discovery in breast cancer. For this purpose, we used knowledge gained previously from the study of the mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV). MMTV initiates mammary tumorigenesis in mice by promoter insertion adjacent to two main integration sites, namely Int-1 (Wnt1) and Int-2 (Fgf3), which ultimately activates Wnt/β-catenin signaling, driving the propagation of mammary cancer stem cells (CSCs). Thus, to develop a humanized model of MMTV signaling, we over-expressed WNT1 and FGF3 in MCF7 cells, an ER(+) human breast cancer cell line. We then validated that MCF7 cells over-expressing both WNT1 and FGF3 show a 3.5-fold increase in mammosphere formation, and that conditioned media from these cells is also sufficient to promote stem cell activity in untransfected parental MCF7 and T47D cells, as WNT1 and FGF3 are secreted factors. Proteomic analysis of this model system revealed the induction of i) EMT markers, ii) mitochondrial proteins, iii) glycolytic enzymes and iv) protein synthesis machinery, consistent with an anabolic CSC phenotype. MitoTracker staining validated the expected WNT1/FGF3-induced increase in mitochondrial mass and activity, which presumably reflects increased mitochondrial biogenesis. Importantly, many of the proteins that were up-regulated by WNT/FGF-signaling in MCF7 cells, were also transcriptionally over-expressed in human breast cancer cells in vivo, based on the bioinformatic analysis of public gene expression datasets of laser-captured patient samples. As such, this isogenic cell model should accelerate the discovery of new biomarkers to predict clinical outcome in breast cancer, facilitating the development of personalized medicine.Finally, we used mitochondrial mass as a surrogate marker for increased mitochondrial biogenesis in untransfected MCF7 cells. As predicted, metabolic fractionation of parental MCF7 cells, via MitoTracker staining, indicated that high mitochondrial mass is a new metabolic biomarker for the enrichment of anabolic CSCs, as functionally assessed by mammosphere-forming activity. This observation has broad implications for understanding the role of mitochondrial biogenesis in the propagation of stem-like cancer cells. Technically, this general metabolic approach could be applied to any cancer type, to identify and target the mitochondrial-rich CSC population.The implications of our work for understanding the role of mitochondrial metabolism in viral oncogenesis driven by random promoter insertions are also discussed, in the context of MMTV and ALV infections.
Microstrip/slotline transitions: modeling and experimental investigation (1988)

An analysis of microstrip/slotline transitions is given using a network description through transmission-line models. Different transitions, such as transitions containing uniform and nonuniform lines as well as soldered and virtually shorted microstrip lines, are treated. Although a transition with a soldered microstrip short offers the largest bandwidth, optimal combinations of different microstrip and slot stub diameters can be found by modeling. In the case of a virtual short through an optimally chosen circular microstrip stub, the bandwidth is typically about 10% below the maximum achievable value of a soldered short. The validity of the modeling results is verified experimentally by measuring the transmission coefficient of a cascade of two transitions separated by a slotline in the frequency range from 1 to 16 GHz. For practical applications, design curves are given for 0.635-mm-thick alumina substrates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A subcarrier-slot partition scheme for wavelength assignment in elastic optical networks (2014)

In elastic optical networks (EONs), bandwidth fragmentation refers to the existence of non-aligned and noncontiguous subcarrier slots (unused) in the set of all subcarrier slots. Since wavelengths for a connection must be allocated on contiguous subcarrier slots, these non-aligned and noncontiguous available subcarrier slots could cause bandwidth blocking. This paper proposes a subcarrier-slot partition scheme for wavelength assignment in EONs that can yield more contiguous aligned available subcarrier slots, which reduces the bandwidth blocking probability. On this scheme, the total set of subcarrier slots is separated into several partitions and wavelengths are assigned to each partition based on the links utilized by particular connections. Numerical results from a simulation show that the proposed scheme with a suitable wavelength assignment policy outperforms the conventional scheme in terms of bandwidth blocking. We investigate the effect of different wavelength assignment policies in the proposed scheme. The results show that the first-last fit assignment policy gives lower bandwidth blocking probability than the first fit assignment policy.
Tuberculosis vaccines in clinical trials (2011)

Effective prophylactic and/or therapeutic vaccination is a key strategy for controlling the global TB epidemic. The partial effectiveness of the existing TB vaccine, bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), suggests effective vaccination is possible and highlights the need for an improved vaccination strategy. Clinical trials are evaluating both modifications to the existing BCG immunization methods and also novel TB vaccines, designed to replace or boost BCG. Candidate vaccines in clinical development include live mycobacterial vaccines designed to replace BCG, subunit vaccines designed to boost BCG and therapeutic vaccines designed as an adjunct to chemotherapy. There is a great need for validated animal models, identification of immunological biomarkers of protection and field sites with the capacity for large-scale efficacy testing in order to develop and license a novel TB vaccine or regimen.
Pathogenicity of human anti-platelet factor 4 (PF4)/heparin <i>in vivo</i>: generation of mouse anti-PF4/heparin and induction of thrombocytopenia by heparin (1997)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia/thrombosis (HIT) is a severe thrombotic disorder that occurs in approximately 1% of patients treated with heparin. Affected patients commonly develop antibodies that recognize PF4/heparin complexes that may form on the surface of activated platelets and on the endothelium. However, it has not been established that anti-PF4/heparin antibodies are responsible for the clinical manifestations of HIT. To address this issue, we employed a recently developed model of active immunity to study the effect of IgG anti-PF4/heparin antibody in vivo. In previous studies we have shown that it is possible to induce autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), anti-phospholipid syndrome (APS) or vasculitis in naive mice by active immunization with anti-DNA, anti-cardiolipin and anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies, respectively. Immunized animals develop anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab2) and, after 2-4 months, anti-anti-idiotypic antibodies (Ab3). Ab3s generated in this manner often simulate the binding activity of Ab1 and their expression correlates with the development of specific clinical manifestations typical of the respective human disease. Based on this experience, naive BALB/c mice were immunized with IgG anti-PF4/heparin antibodies isolated from two patients with HIT. The actively immunized mice developed mouse anti-PF4/heparin antibody (Ab3). Administration of unfractionated heparin, but not low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), to the actively immunized animals induced thrombocytopenia by day 4 of drug exposure. There was no evidence of thrombosis. The results of this study support the importance of anti-PF4/heparin antibodies in the pathogenesis of HIT. Further, this model may help to elucidate the factors responsible for thrombosis as well as providing means to assess new treatment options for patients with this disorder.
A Method for the Determination of Weak Acid Concentration Based on Electrochemical Reduction of Benzoquinone (2016)

With the addition of a weak acid, a new prepeak occurs at a positive potential when quinone is reduced in an unbuffered solution. This prepeak was initially attributed to the protonation of a quinone anion radical. However, two prepeaks of the reduced quinone are detected in a solution containing dilute acetic acid and sodium dihydrogen phosphate. Evidently, the two prepeaks could not be assigned to the protonation of the quinone anion radical. In the unbuffered solution, the pH near the electrode surface increases drastically during the electrochemical reduction of p-benzoquinone (BQ). Our previous work revealed that a steep change in pH near the electrode surface produces a new voltammetric wave in a dilute buffer solution. We suggest that the new prepeaks are generated by a drastic change in pH near the electrode surface. Weak acids can release protons and suppress the increase in pH on the electrode surface. Therefore, the height of the prepeak is proportional to the concentration of the weak acid but is independent of BQ. We then establish a differential pulse voltammetric method to measure the weak acid and acetic acid contents of two kinds of vinegars. Our results agree well with those measured through potentiometric titration.
BUSINESS PROCESS MODELING IN A SOFTWARE FACTORY (2010)

This article presents the case of a company that develop, implement and maintain ERP systems in small and medium businesses customers, and was used the business processes modeling of their end activities and the quality management system based on the ISO9000 to fit to the software factory management model. The presentation of the concept of the software factory, as well as the models of business processes and the analysis of how this firm can fit the requirements of the software factory management model are shown in detail in this article.
Flat-Panel Displays (1987)

Our window into the Information Age is increasingly an interactive electronic display rather than the printed page. From computer terminals to television, that display is usually a CRT, but recent advances have raised flat panels into contention with the CRT for new applications. New plasma display structures and improvements in electroluminescence, paced by gains in high-voltage ICs, have led to compact computers with these emissive flat panels. ``Supertwist'' LCDs with greatly enhanced performance are reaching the portable computer market. Pocket TV sets with LCDs addressed by integral thin-film transistors presage the development of full-size color screens: wafer-scale integration in a non-standard semiconductor technology is being developed to challenge the CRT's monopoly on entertainment displays. The commercial success of all these displays will be strongly influenced by gains in VLSI, packaging and interconnection; conversely new markets for VLSI will be created by emerging flat-panel display capabilities.
Soy Protein Isolate Based Films: Influence of Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate and Polycaprolactone‐triol on Their Properties (2005)

Abstract Summary: We report on the preparation and properties of soy protein isolate (SPI)‐sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)‐polycaprolactone‐triol (PCL‐T) films obtained by solvent casting from solutions containing variable amounts of SDS or SDS/PCL‐T. It is shown that the mechanical and thermal properties, and the morphology of SPI‐based biofilms can be easily controlled by changing SDS, PCL‐T, and moisture contents, enabling the fabrication of rigid and flexible materials as pure SPI films [Young's modulus ∼ 1 400 MPa, elongation at break ( E ) ∼ 2%, and glass transition temperature ( T g ) ∼ 150 °C] and SPI/SDS/PCL‐T films with [PCL‐T] ≥ 18% (Young's modulus ∼ 50 MPa, E ∼ 90%, and T g ∼ 135 °C), respectively. Micrographs taken at the cross‐section of biofilms whose [PCL‐T] ≥ 18% revealed the occurrence of a porous matrix, whereas a dense bulk phase was otherwise observed (pure SPI, SPI/SDS, and SPI/SDS/PCL‐T films with [PCL‐T] < 18%).
Involvement of Interleukin-18 (IL-18) in Mixed Lymphocyte Reactions (MLR) (1999)

The in vitro mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) is a useful model to study alloresponsiveness to histocompatibility antigens. Secretion of different cytokine proteins in the supernatant of allo-MLR cultures has been reported in a few studies. We studied the levels of the cytokines interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-12, and IL-18 in the supernatant in allo-MLR by ELISA assay. Supernatant levels of IFN-y, IL-6, IL-10, and IL-18 were detected at 12 h after MLR and markedly increased thereafter. In contrast, secretion of IL-12 was detected after 48-72 h. These results suggested that IFN-gamma production depended on IL-18 in the early phase of MLR and depended on both IL-18 and IL-12 in the late phase. An antibody (Ab) neutralizing test was also performed. The levels of IFN-gamma were significantly downregulated after the addition of anti-IL-18 Ab, anti-IL-12 Ab, or anti-IFN-y Ab, and the levels of IL-12 were significantly downregulated after the addition of anti-IL-12 Ab and anti-IL-18 Ab. Treatment with these Ab did not suppress IL-6 production at all. The two-way MLR showed the same tendency as the one-way MLR. These results suggest the importance of IL-18 and IL-12 in allogeneic cell interactions and also suggest the usefullness of these Ab as regulators of alloresponsiveness.
Mutations in New Cell Cycle Genes That Fail to Complement a Multiply Mutant Third Chromosome of Drosophila (1996)

Abstract We have simultaneously screened for new alleles and second site mutations that fail to complement five cell cycle mutations of Drosophila carried on a single third chromosome (gnu, polo, mgr, asp, stg). Females that are either transheterozygous for scott of the antartic (scant) and polo, or homozygous for scant produce embryos that show mitotic defects. A maternal effect upon embryonic mitoses is also seen in embryos derived from females transheterozygous with helter skelter (hsk) and either mgr or asp. deopatra (cleo), fails to complement asp but is not uncovered by a deficiency for asp. The mitotic phenotype of larvae heterozygous for cleo and the multiple mutant chromosome is similar to weak alleles of asp, but there are no defects in male meiosis. Mutations that failed to complement stgfell into two complementation groups corresponding to stg and a new gene noose. Three of the new stg alleles are early zygotic lethals, whereas the fourth is a pharate adult lethal allele that affects both mitosis and meiosis. Mutations in noose fully complement a small deficiency that removes stg, but when placed in trans to certain stg alleles, result in late lethality and mitotic abnormalities in larval brains.
Segmented image interpolation using edge direction and texture synthesis (2008)

In this paper, we propose an adaptive interpolation method for low quality still images such as single video frames. Our method chooses different interpolation schemes according to the local image context. First, we segment the image into three types of regions: smooth regions which contain no edges, well-defined edges such as object boundaries, and textured regions which are covered by dense spurious edges. For smooth regions, we simply apply bilinear interpolation. For the well-defined edges, we develop an edge-directed interpolation scheme. For the remaining textured regions, we apply a residual error estimation method to enhance the high frequency components, hence improving the visual sharpness of these regions. Our results show a visible improvement compared to images generated by traditional interpolation methods, with sharp edges, enhanced textures, and low noise level in smooth regions.
Extraction of TV news articles based on scene cut detection using DCT clustering (2002)

This paper describes a system which can automatically separate and extract articles included in TV news program. At first, the system detects scene cut points based on clustering of video frames compressed by discrete cosine transformation (DCT). This clustering technique is robust for abrupt changes caused by camera flushing. Then, on the detected scene cut points, the main studio frame is estimated according to a loop syntax that each article consists of several scenes starting from the main studio, followed by field reporting and ending at the main studio again. The TV news article is extracted as a frame sequence between the estimated main studio frames. As a result, we obtained 99.8% of news article extraction rate for 30 days news video database.
ChemInform Abstract: PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS. XIV. A NORRISH TYPE I CLEAVAGE IN THE PHOTOLYSIS OF A STEROIDAL α,β‐UNSATURATED Δ‐LACTONE (1981)

Abstract Bestrahlen des 4‐Oxaandrostenons (I) in MeOH liefert in einer Reaktion des Norrish I‐Typs unter Spaltung des Lactonringes den Aldehydomethylester (II) sowie dessen Acetal (III).