gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The selective conversion of ammonia to nitrogen on metal oxide catalysts under strongly oxidising conditions (1999)

The activity of Ni supported on γ-Al 2 O 3 , SiO 2 , TiO 2 , MgO, ZSM-5 and ZrO 2 for the selective conversion of NH 3 to N 2 in the presence of excess O 2 has been examined. The results show that Ni/Al 2 O 3 and pure, acidic γ-Al 2 O 3 are the most selective catalysts, with, respectively, N 2 selectivities of ∼90% at 550°C and ca. 95% at 625°C. Characterisation by TPR and XRD indicates that difficult-to-reduce Ni/Al 2 O 3 catalysts are the most selective. Ni loadings below 10% give rise to a spinel phase, NiAl 2 O 4 , which appears to be responsible for the enhanced catalytic behaviour. For Ni loadings above 10%, the selectivity gradually decreases due to the presence of free NiO crystals on the modified support. Other metal oxides (Mn, Fe, Co, Mg, Zn) which are soluble in γ-Al 2 O 3 have also been investigated. Mn/Al 2 O 3 and Fe/Al 2 O 3 are more active than Ni/Al 2 O 3 , possibly because of the enhanced redox properties. Full conversion is obtained with Mn/Al 2 O 3 at 300°C and with Fe/Al 2 O 3 at 500°C. with the corresponding maximum selectivities to N 2 being ca. 100 and ca. >90%, respectively. N 2 O is formed with a selectivity of ca. 20% at low temperature on Mn/Al 2 O 3 .
ChemInform Abstract: Microgonotropens and Their Interactions with DNA. Part 2. Quantitative Evaluation of Equilibrium Constants for 1:1 and 2:1 Binding of Dien‐ Microgonotropen‐a, ‐b, and ‐c as Well as Distamycin and Hoechst 33258 to d(GGCGCAAATTTGGCGG)/d(CCGCCAAATTTGCGCC). (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Change of membrane performance due to chlorination of crosslinked polyamide membranes (2006)

Abstract A systematic investigation of the relationship between chlorine exposure of a thin film composite crosslinked polyamide membrane (LE membrane, FilmTec©) and changes in membrane performance (water flux and salt rejection) is discussed here. Performance change of crosslinked polyamide membranes due to chlorination depended on pH and concentration of chlorine in the soaking bath. Membranes chlorinated at low pH and high chlorine concentration showed flux decreases at an early stage of filtration and then increases with filtration time. On the other hand, membranes chlorinated at high pH and low chlorine concentration showed flux increases at an early stage and then decreases with filtration time. Performance of chlorinated polyamide membranes was determined by the balance between rearrangement of polymer chains and the distortion of the chains due to chlorination. A conceptual model of performance change was proposed consistent with the chlorination of polyamide membranes. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 5895–5902, 2006
Video retrieval using speech and image information (2003)

Video contains multiple types of audio and visual information, which are difficult to extract, combine or trade-off in general video information retrieval. This paper provides an evaluation on the effects of different types of information used for video retrieval from a video collection. A number of different sources of information are present in most typical broadcast video collections and can be exploited for information retrieval. We will discuss the contributions of automatically recognized speech transcripts, image similarity matching, face detection and video OCR in the contexts of experiments performed as part of 2001 TREC Video Retrieval Track evaluation performed by the National Institute of Standards and Technology. For the queries used in this evaluation, image matching and video OCR proved to be the deciding aspects of video information retrieval.
Band Alignment at Heteroepitaxial Perovskite Oxide Interfaces. Experiments, Methods, and Perspectives (2017)

Recent advances in the growth of epitaxial oxide thin films have fostered a steady increase of research on perovskite oxide heterojunctions, which are now produced with unprecedented quality. Applications of these ultra‐thin interfaces in the field of electronics, photon harvesting, photovoltaics and photocatalysis strongly rely on the capability to master band gap engineering at the nanoscale. In this report the band gap alignment at all‐oxide perovskite interfaces is reviewed, with focus on oxide perovskite layers grown on SrTiO 3 , as these systems can display a two dimensional electron gas at the interface, disclosing possible applications in the next‐generation nanoelectronic devices. Papers reporting an experimental determination of band diagram are considered. The most reliable methods to experimentally track the band alignment at the interface are presented, based on photoelectron spectroscopy analysis of core level or valence band structures, including recent resonant photoemission spectroscopy studies. Experimental data from several conducting and insulating SrTiO 3 ‐based heterostructures are presented and results are discussed through comparison with theoretical predictions. It is shown that electron spectroscopies are a powerful tool to investigate band alignment and to address band engineering issues, filling the gap between theoretical predictions and a relatively limited experimental dataset.
Exosomes in Cardiovascular Medicine (2017)

Exosomes are small, extracellular membrane-bound particles that mediate intercellular transport of a cytosolic cargo. Exosomal transfer of micro-RNA can modify gene expression in targeted cells. Exosome-based endocrine/paracrine signaling has been shown to be involved in a wide range of physiological processes including those associated with cardiovascular injury and disease, but remains relatively poorly understood. Exosomes offer great potential to the clinical field, with applications in both diagnostics and therapeutics. A stable, circulating form of micro-RNA exists in blood protected from endogenous nucleases. This population of micro-RNA, which includes both exosomal and non-exosomal fractions, may be isolated from blood and exploited as a novel disease biomarker with the potential to deliver increased specificity and rapid diagnosis compared to conventional biomarkers. Exosomes also offer a natural drug-delivery vehicle, providing immune evasion and specific targeting through engineering of surface-displayed ligands. Much of the cardioprotective and regenerative benefits of stem-cell grafts are now thought to derive from paracrine signaling rather than direct tissue incorporation and therefore stem cell-derived exosomes offer the potential for a convenient cell-free therapeutic option, eliminating many of the risks and variability associated with stem-cell therapy. In this review, we consider the potential applications of this emerging field to cardiovascular medicine, taking myocardial infarction as our primary example.
Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer behavioral surveillance in the US (2008)

In the US, federal and state behavioral surveillance systems routinely monitor self-reported sexual behavior and Papanicolaou (Pap) test use to identify high-risk populations, trends, and disparities and to guide and evaluate interventions for cervical cancer prevention and control. Clinical uptake of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination and testing necessitates the expansion of behavioral surveillance systems. Cervical disease is the main focus of HPV-related behavioral surveillance because of greater cancer incidence and mortality relative to other susceptible organs, and the availability of effective technologies for prevention and control. In the current study, a framework is presented for the types of behaviors to monitor, their conceptual and operational definitions, target populations, and evidence supporting the reliability and validity of self-report measures. An overview is also provided of 8 population-based and 2 provider-based data systems that are nationally representative and accessible for behavioral surveillance research. Ongoing surveillance at the national, state, and local level is critical for monitoring the dissemination of HPV technologies and their impact on reducing disparities in the detection of precursor lesions, incidence of invasive cancer, and mortality.
Insulin regulation of lipoprotein lipase activity and release in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Separation and dependence of hormonal effects on hexose metabolism and synthesis of RNA and protein. (1979)

Insulin regulation of lipoprotein lipase was studied in fully differentiated 3T3-Ll fat cells. Insulin at low concentrations (10e7 to 10-l’ M) elicited a rapid and maximal increase (-lo-fold) in lipoprotein lipase release from the cells to the medium within 30 min and caused a 2to lo-fold increase in total cellular lipoprotein lipase activity over a a-day period. Insulin had no effect on cell lipoprotein lipase activity during the first 4 h of treatment. Prolonged exposure to insulin (% to 4 days) resulted in additional increases in enzyme release rate, and increased the fractional release rate per h approximately lo-fold. Stimulation of cellular lipoprotein lipase activity was dependent on the presence of glucose in the incubation medium. Although half-maximal increases in cell activity required 12 h of insulin treatment in glucose-containing medium, removal of either glucose or insulin resulted in loss of more than 50% of the stimulation in enzyme activity within 90 min. Addition of glucose to cells incubated 20 h with insulin in carbohydrate-free medium elicited a rapid and full response to insulin in 2 h. Fructose, mannose, and glucosamine could substitute for glucose in supporting this rapid response in insulin-pretreated cells, but only glucose, mannose, and fructose would support the effect in 24-h incubations with hormone. Induction of the increase in lipoprotein lipase activity by glucose in insulin-pretreated cells was prevented by cycloheximide, but not by actinomycin D. In contrast, inhibitors of either protein (cycloheximide, puromycin) or RNA (a-amanitin, actinomycin D) synthesis completely blocked the response when added with insulin to cells incubated in medium containing glucose. We propose that insulin regulates lipoprotein lipase in fat cells by three major actions: 1) it elicits a rapid release of enzyme from the cell through mechanisms which are independent of energy metabolism and protein synthesis; 2) it stimulates gene expression and synthesis of RNA independently of effects on hexose and amino acid transport; 3) it stimulates expression of the nuclear effects of the hormone at the translational level by increasing hexose uptake and the levels of regulatory glycolytic metabolites within the cells. Induction of the enzyme and its release thus appear
Identification of selenium species in selenium-enriched garlic, onion and broccoli using high-performance ion chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry detection (1996)

Six standard selenium species including selenocystine, methyl selenocysteine, selenite, selenomethionine, allyl selenocysteine and selenate have been separated by high-performance ion chromatography on a Hamilton PRPX-100 column and detected by ICP-MS. Selenium enriched vegetables were analysed. Five selenium species and several unknown peaks were detected.
Radiation and scattering analysis of infinite arrays of endfire slot antennas with a ground plane (1991)

A Green's function moment-method analysis of infinite arrays of endfire slot antennas is described that includes the constant width slot antenna (CWSA) and the linearly tapered slot antenna (LTSA), with a ground plane. The method utilizes an application of equivalence at a plane in front of the array which facilitates the extension of this analysis to antennas printed on protruding dielectric sheets and/or the addition of a radome. Numerical calculations are compared with waveguide simulator experiments for CWSA and LTSA arrays as well as several less complex problem. Relevant numerical considerations and convergence issues are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Applying the Visual Double-Modulation Type Radio Range to the Airways (1929)

This paper deals with methods for aligning the courses of the visual radio range with the fixed airways. It has previously been shown that the courses of the aural radio range may be shifted by the use of a vertical wire antenna in conjunction with the transmitting loop antennas or by varying the relative power in the two antennas. These methods are, in part, applicable to the visual system. In the aural system the goniometer primaries are excited alternately. This permits independent consideration of the field patterns due to the primaries. In the visual system this is not the case as both goniometer primaries are excited all the time. Two cases present themselves, the condition when the currents in the primaries are in time phase and the condition when they are in quadrature time phase. The former condition results in two beacon courses which are 180 deg. apart and cannot be shifted from this relationship. The latter condition yields four beacon courses. A mathematical analysis is made of this case and the amounts of angular variation possible using several methods of attack are tabulated. A method of obtaining small amounts of shift by an adjustment of the receiving equipment aboard the airplanes is also described; one of the reeds is shunted by a suitable resistance in order that the reeds will vibrate equally when on one side of the equisignal zone.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Intake of Catechins, Flavonols, and Flavones (2001)

Flavonoids have been suggested to protect against chronic lung disease. We studied intake of catechins, flavonols, and flavones in relation to pulmonary function and COPD symptoms in 13,651 adults from three Dutch cities examined from 1994 to 1997. Dietary intake was estimated using a food frequency questionnaire, and flavonoid intake was calculated using specific food composition tables. Pulmonary function (FEV1) was determined by spirometry and COPD symptoms by questionnaire. Associations were presented for the fifth versus the first quintile of intake (Q5-Q1), adjusted for age, height (for FEV1 only), sex, smoking, BMI, and energy intake. Smoking was strongly associated with COPD, independent of dietary effects. Average catechin, flavonol, and flavone intake was 58 mg/d (SD = 46) with tea and apples as main sources. Total catechin, flavonol, and flavone intake was positively associated with FEV1 (beta(Q5-Q1) = 44 ml, 95% CI = 18-69) and inversely associated with chronic cough (OR(Q5-Q1) = 0.80, 95% CI = 0.66-0.97) and breathlessness (OR(Q5-Q1) = 0.74, 95% CI = 0.58- 0.94), but not chronic phlegm. Catechin intake was independently associated with FEV1 (beta(Q5-Q1) = 130 ml, 95% CI = 101-159) and all three COPD symptoms (OR(Q5-Q1) = 0.60-0.72, p < 0.001). Flavonol and flavone intake was independently associated with chronic cough only. Solid fruit, but not tea, intake was beneficially associated with COPD. Our results suggest a beneficial effect of a high intake of catechins and solid fruits against COPD.
Tumor cell-derived collagenase-stimulatory factor increases expression of interstitial collagenase, stromelysin, and 72-kDa gelatinase. (1993)

The tumor cell-derived collagenase-stimulatory factor (TCSF) was previously purified from human lung carcinoma cells (S. M. Ellis, K. Nabeshima, and C. Biswas, Cancer Res., 49: 3385-3391, 1989). This protein is present on the surface of several types of human tumor cells in vitro and in vivo and stimulates production of interstitial collagenase in human fibroblasts. In this study it is shown that TCSF stimulates expression in human fibroblasts of mRNA for stromelysin 1 and 72-kDa gelatinase/type IV collagenase, as well as for interstitial collagenase. Measurement of enzyme protein by immunoassay showed that the amounts of interstitial collagenase and stromelysin 1 were increased in TCSF-treated fibroblasts; gelatin zymography indicated that there was an increase in the 72-kDa gelatinase. These results indicate that tumor cell interaction with fibroblasts via TCSF could lead to increased degradation of interstitial or basement membrane matrix components and thus to enhanced tumor cell invasion.
On the Translation between BPMN and BPEL: Conceptual Mismatch between Process Modeling Languages (2006)

Abstract. Business practice shows that, often, different process models are employed in the various phases of the Business Process Management life cycle, each providing a different paradigm for capturing and representing the business process domain. Recently, significant efforts have been made to overcome the disintegration of process models by providing complementary language standards for process design (BPMN) and execution (BPEL), based on the claim that these languages are semantically integrated. However, the conceptual mapping between both languages remains unclear, thus it is undecided whether any BPMN diagram can be transformed to BPEL. In this paper we argue that there is conceptual mismatch between BPMN and BPEL that needs to be identified in order to guide the language integration process semantically. In our analysis we take into account the various perspectives of the Business Process Management life cycle, in particular business and technical analyst perspectives. Our approach is generic and can also be utilized as a guiding framework for identifying conceptual mismatch between other business process modeling languages. 1
Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy linked to D11S533 in a large Asian family with consanguinity (1996)

Familial exudative vitreoretinopathy (FEVR) is a disorder characterised by peripheral retinal vascularisation with subsequent traction of retinal vessels and detachment. Recently, autosomal dominant FEVR (ad FEVR) has been mapped to 11q13 by linkage in four northern European families. We describe a large consanguineous Asian family in which the severity of the proband's eye disease suggested homozygosity for a disease allele. Thirty family members were assessed by ophthalmological examination and fluorescein angiography. Thirteen had unequivocal features of FEVR. A further two were classified as unknown. Two point linkage analysis for DIIS533 and FEVR generated a lod score of 5.55 at a recombination fraction of 0.00. This supports autosomal dominant inheritance and demonstrates genetic homogeneity for the ad FEVR disease locus. The severely affected proband was heterozygous for alleles at this closely linked locus. Other causes, including non-genetic factors, should be considered to explain the extreme variability characteristic of ad FEVR.
The Role of <i>murMN</i> Operon in Penicillin Resistance and Antibiotic Tolerance of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (2001)

The recently identified murMN operon is essential for the production of branched-structured muropeptides in the cell wall and also for the expression of the resistant phenotype in penicillin-resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The purpose of studies described in this communication was to understand better the role of murMN in penicillin resistance. Deletion of murM in the penicillin-resistant strain Pen6, which causes reduction in the penicillin MIC from 6.0 to 0.03 microg/ml, was successfully complemented to recover the original high level of penicillin resistance in transformants that received functional murM alleles cloned in plasmid pLS578. Inactivation of penicillin resistance was not accompanied by any detectable change in the low affinity or abnormal molecular size pattern of the penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs) nor in the mosaic sequence of PBP2X typical of resistant strain Pen6. Exposure of strain Pen6 with inactivated murM to 0.05 microg/ml of penicillin (i.e., a concentration more than 100 times below the MIC of the parental strain) initiated a phenotypic response typical of penicillin-susceptible strains of pneumococci: inhibition of growth followed by rapid and extensive loss of viability and lysis. Unexpectedly, inactivation of murMN also caused hypersensitivity to lysis by low concentrations of a variety of cell wall active antibiotics such as fosfomycin, D-cycloserine, and nisin, suggesting that the murMN operon may perform an important regulatory role in the control of the irreversible antimicrobial effects of cell wall inhibitors.
Phase II Trial of Temozolomide Plus O<sup>6</sup>-Benzylguanine in Adults With Recurrent, Temozolomide-Resistant Malignant Glioma (2009)

O(6)-BG when added to a 1-day dosing regimen of temozolomide was able to restore temozolomide sensitivity in patients with temozolomide-resistant anaplastic glioma, but there seemed to be no significant restoration of temozolomide sensitivity in patients with temozolomide-resistant GBM.
A low‐carbon dispatch of power system incorporating active distribution networks based on locational marginal emission (2017)

Involvement of active distribution networks (ADNs) in emission management can give full play to the carbon‐reduction potential of distributed generations (DGs) and demand response. With the development of smart grid, low‐carbon coordinated scheduling of power system with ADNs will become a new trend. A bilevel dispatch model based on locational marginal emission (LME) is proposed to achieve carbon reduction from both generation and load sides. The main grid dispatch is a problem of dynamic optimal power flow aiming at reducing both the operating and emission costs, in which LME under AC condition is adopted to calculate the carbon emission produced by node power. The ADN level is the DG generation schedule with the objective of minimizing both the cost and system emission based on LME. The main grid and ADNs interact and cooperate with each other by locational marginal price (LMP) and LME to cut the carbon pollution. Simulation results in a modified IEEE 30‐bus system and an IEEE 118‐bus system show that compared with the traditional LMP‐based coordinated scheduling, the bilevel dispatch model based on LME can reduce carbon emission effectively and promote ADNs' participation in system carbon emission management. © 2017 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A complementary SVMs-based image annotation system (2005)

A novel automatic image annotation system is proposed, which integrates two sets of SVMs (support vector machines), namely the MIL-based (multiple instance learning) and global-feature-based SVMs, for annotation. The MIL-based features are obtained by applying MIL on the image blocks. They are further input to a set of SVMs for finding the optimum hyperplanes to categorize training images. Similarly, global color and texture features are fed into another set of SVMs for categorizing training images. Consequently, two sets of image features are constructed for each test image and are respectively sent to the two sets of SVMs, whose outputs are incorporated to obtain the final annotation results. Our system is validated using COREL images and outperforms the peer systems in terms of efficiency and accuracy.