gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CRAZING IN POLYPROPYLENE. (1984)

The subject of crazing in crystalline polymers is reviewed and specific consideration given to crazing in polypropylene (PP). Tensile tests conducted over a wide spectrum of temperatures and strain rates indicate that, for a given test temperature, there exists a critical strain rate above which crazing is the dominant deformation mode of PP. Similarly, for a given strain rate, there exists a critical temperature which demarcates crazing from shear yielding as the characteristic process of deformation. High deformation rates and low temperatures favor crazing, while low rates and high temperatures favor shear yielding. Crazes in crystalline PP were found to be morphologically similar to those in glassy polymers: high reflectivity, large area-to-thickness ratio, and planarity. They have a higher tendency to bifurcate than those in glassy polymers. Two types of craze fibrils could be identified: those parallel to σ11, and the randomly oriented interconnecting fibrils. It is demonstrated that microtome-trimming at low temperature followed by suitable chemical treatment is an effective technique of sample preparation for SEM examination of craze morphology in crystalline polymers. Further evidence has been provided that crazes in spherulitic polymers do not in general follow an interspherulitie path, but propagate through spherulites. The length of a craze in PP is not restricted to one spherulite diameter, nor does it grow radially.
A roundoff error analysis of the LMS adaptive algorithm (1984)

The steady state output error of the least mean square (LMS) adaptive algorithm due to the finite precision arithmetic of a digital processor is analyzed. It is found to consist of three terms: 1) the error due to the input data quantization, 2) the error due to the rounding of the arithmetic operations in calculating the filter's output, and 3) the error due to the deviation of the filter's coefficients from the values they take when infinite precision arithmetic is used. The last term is of paricular interest because its mean squared value is inversely proportional to the adaptation step size μ. Both fixed and floating point arithmetics are examined and the expressions for the final mean square error are found to be similar. The relation between the quantization error and the error that occurs when adaptation possibly ceases due to quantization is also investigated.
The Current Harmonics Elimination Control Strategy for Six-Leg Three-Phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Drives (2013)

This paper focuses on the analysis and development of low-current harmonics for a six-leg, three-phase inverter for permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drives. Each phase of the PMSM is operating independently, the low-order harmonics appear in the back electromotive forces (EMFs) and currents. In this case, the standard vector control cannot handle the current harmonics. This harmonic enhances the current and causes the torque ripple. This paper presents a zero-axis current estimator auxiliary vector control method to compensate for three multiples of the voltage harmonic. This method can eliminate the zero-axis current. A prototype PMSM system was built using the TMS302F28335 digital signal processor. And the computer simulation and control method were completed. When the system operated at half load, the total harmonic distortion of current decreased from 20.89% to 4.42%. At full load, the total harmonic distortion of current decreased from 8.43% to 1.71%.
Observation of Exciton-Phonon Sideband in Individual Metallic Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are quasi-one-dimensional systems with poor Coulomb screening and enhanced electron-phonon interaction, and are good candidates for excitons and exciton-phonon couplings in metallic state. Here we report backscattering reflection experiments on individual metallic SWCNTs. An exciton-phonon sideband separated by 0.19 eV from the first optical transition peak is observed in a metallic SWCNT of chiral index (13,10), which provides clear evidences of excitons in metallic SWCNTs. A static dielectric constant of 10 is estimated from the reflectance spectrum.
Release of Volatile Selenium Compounds by Plants. Collection Procedures and Preliminary Observations (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRelease of Volatile Selenium Compounds by Plants. Collection Procedures and Preliminary ObservationsB. G. Lewis, C. M. Johnson, and C. C. DelwicheCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1966, 14, 6, 638–640Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60148a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60148a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views245Altmetric-Citations89LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Factorized Load Flow (2013)

This paper extends to the load flow problem the factorized solution methodology recently developed for equality-constrained state estimation. This is done by considering a redundant set of initial conditions in order to transform the undetermined system arising in the first linear stage into an overdetermined one. The second nonlinear stage proceeds exactly like in the state estimation case. Experimental results are included showing that the factorized load flow is more robust than the standard NR method, while remaining computationally competitive.
Automatic gain control in cascaded erbium doped fibre amplifier systems (1991)

Automatic gain control for erbium doped fibre amplifiers is achieved via active stabilisation of the amplifier output power. This technique automatically compensates for any changes in the amplifier gain caused by local environmental and optical effects. Output power is also stabilised for changes in optical input signal, allowing for a full 5 dB repair margin per link in long span systems.
Cell cycle related change of Ara‐C transport in HL‐60 cells after differentiation induction (1989)

Using a promyelocytic leukemia cell line, HL-60, we studied the membrane transport of Ara-C before and after differentiation induced by retinoic acid (RA). In RA-treated cells, Ara-C transport was reduced and there was a concomitant increase of the ID50 values of Ara-C in comparison with the controls. By three different procedures to synchronize untreated cells, i.e. density arrest G1 phase enrichment, aphidicolin-induced S phase accumulation and the double isoleucine block method, we found that Ara-C transport was 30-50% higher in the S phase than in the G1 phase. Therefore, the observed decrease in Ara-C transport is, in part, due to the retarded growth accompanied by an accumulation of cells in the G1 phase after differentiation induction.
Antibacterial activity of coffee (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntibacterial activity of coffeeMaria Daglia, Maria Teresa Cuzzoni, and Cesare DacarroCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1994, 42, 10, 2270–2272Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00046a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1290Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (358 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Asymmetric 2-Josephson-junction interferometer as a logic gate (1977)

For an interferometer with two unequal Josephson point junctions, the maximum Josephson current, as well as the corresponding control current, is given in closed form as a function of one junction phase. In contrast to 3-Josephson-junction interferometers, with maximum Josephson currents I01=I02/2=I03, 2-junction interferometers, with maximum Josephson currents I01=5I02, can have larger current gain, slope and less device area.
Palladium-Catalyzed Tandem Dimerization and Cyclization of Acetylenic Ketones:  A Convenient Method for 3,3‘-Bifurans Using PdCl<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (2001)

Alkynones undergo tandem dimerization and cyclization in the presence of PdCl2(PPh3)2 and triethylamine in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature to give 3,3'-bifurans predominantly. Other palladium catalysts while under similar conditions, by rearrangement, lead to 2,5-disubstituted furans. This distinguished property of PdCl2(PPh3)2 has been attributed to the involvement of hydridopalladium halide. This method provides a simpler route to a variety of furans and a regioselective synthesis of polysubstituted 3,3'-bifurans using easily accessible acetylenic ketones.
Stable narrow linewidth Er‐doped fiber laser at 1550 nm (2007)

Abstract A narrow linewidth fiber laser based on fiber Bragg grating Fabry‐Perot etalon is demonstrated. Spatial hole burning effect is restrained by fiber Faraday rotator. The short fiber Bragg grating Fabry‐Perot etalon as narrow bandwidth filter discriminates and selects laser longitudinal modes efficiently. Stable single frequency 1550 nm laser is acquired. Pumped by 976 nm laser diode, the fiber laser exhibits 11 mW threshold. Output power (50 mW) is obtained upon the 200 mW pump power. Optical‐optical efficiency is 25% and slope efficiency is 27%. The linewidth of laser is less than 10 kHz, measured by the delayed self‐heterodyne method with 10 km single mode fiber. In addition, the lasing linewidth keeps less than 10 kHz over 1 nm tuning range in the temperature tuning experiment. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 49: 1453–1456, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI.10.1002/mop.22439
Review of polyoxymethylene passive sampling methods for quantifying freely dissolved porewater concentrations of hydrophobic organic contaminants (2015)

Meth ods involving polyoxymethylene (POM) as a passive sampler are increasing in popularity to assess contaminant freely dissolved porewater concentrations in soils and sediments. These methods require contaminant-specific POM-water partition coefficients, KPOM . Certain methods for determining KPOM perform reproducibly (within 0.2 log units). However, other methods can give highly varying KPOM values (up to 2 log units), especially for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). To account for this variation, the authors tested the influence of key methodological components in KPOM determinations, including POM thickness, extraction procedures, and environmental temperature and salinity, as well as uptake kinetics in mixed and static systems. All inconsistencies in the peer-reviewed literature can be accounted for by the likelihood that thick POM materials (500 μm or thicker) do not achieve equilibrium (causing negative biases up to 1 log unit), or that certain POM extraction procedures do not ensure quantitative extraction (causing negative biases up to 2 log units). Temperature can also influence KPOM , although all previous literature studies were carried out at room temperature. The present study found that KPOM values at room temperature are independent (within 0.2 log units) of POM manufacture method, of thickness between 17 μm and 80 μm, and of salinity between 0% and 10%. Regarding kinetics, monochloro- to hexachloro-polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were within 0.2 log units of equilibrium after 28 d in the mixed system, but only dichloro-PCBs achieved near equilibrium after 126 d in the static system. Based on these insights, recommended methods and KPOM values to facilitate interlaboratory reproducibility are presented.
Blending In Situ Polyurethane-Urea with Different Kinds of Rubber: Performance and Compatibility Aspects (2018)

Specific physical and reactive compatibilization strategies are applied to enhance the interfacial adhesion and mechanical properties of heterogeneous polymer blends. Another pertinent challenge is the need of energy-intensive blending methods to blend high-tech polymers such as the blending of a pre-made hard polyurethane (-urea) with rubbers. We developed and investigated a reactive blending method to prepare the outstanding blends based on polyurethane-urea and rubbers at a low blending temperature and without any interfacial compatibilizing agent. In this study, the polyurethane-urea (PUU) was synthesized via the methylene diphenyl diisocyanate end-capped prepolymer and m-phenylene diamine based precursor route during blending at 100 °C with polar (carboxylated nitrile rubber (XNBR) and chloroprene rubber (CR)) and non-polar (natural rubber (NR), styrene butadiene rubber (sSBR), and ethylene propylene butadiene rubber (EPDM)) rubbers. We found that the in situ PUU reinforces the tensile response at low strain region and the dynamic-mechanical response up to 150 °C in the case of all used rubbers. Scanning electron microscopy reveals a stronger rubber/PUU interface, which promotes an effective stress transfer between the blend phases. Furthermore, energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) based elemental carbon map identifies an interphase region along the interface between the nitrile rubber and in situ PUU phases of this exemplary blend type.
Age and Glare Recovery Time for Low-Contrast Stimuli (1994)

The purpose of this study was to obtain a rigorous experimental estimate of the time required to recover from the deleterious effects of glare. Low contrast test stimuli were employed to increase the potential sensitivity of the procedure. Multiple age groups were sampled since susceptibility to glare effects is known to increase with advancing years. Glare recovery time assessments were collected from 12 young, 12 middle-aged and 16 older adults. Subjects were presented with 10 sec exposures to an intense glare source under highly controlled experimental conditions. Upon the offset of the glare exposure period, the time required to regain sensitivity for low contrast test stimuli was measured. Relative to their younger counterparts, older subjects required 3-times longer to recover from glare exposure. These findings suggest that the dynamic components of glare effects must be considered when designing environments - especially where older observers are involved.
NFC-WISP: A sensing and computationally enhanced near-field RFID platform (2015)

Near-field radio frequency identification (RFID) tags have a number of unique features such as being wirelessly powered, having ultra low power communication capabilities, small size, and low cost. These qualities paired with the increasing availability of commodity near field communication (NFC) enabled smart phones presents a significant opportunity to enable a wide range of new applications and usage scenarios. However, existing tags are fixed function devices that are only capable of reporting an ID when queried and thus most applications are limited to inventory management or access control. This paper presents the NFC-WISP, which is a programmable, sensing and computationally enhanced platform designed to explore new RFID enabled sensing and user interface applications. The NFC-WISP is fully powered and read by commercially available RFID readers (including NFC enabled smart phones) using the ISO-14443 protocol. Excess harvested power can be stored in an optional super-capacitor or thin-film battery enabling operation away from the reader. This open-source platform includes temperature and acceleration sensors, 2MB of FRAM, LEDs and an optional 2.7” active bistable matrix E-ink display. Expansion headers allow access to the microcontroller allowing for rapid prototyping of new applications. The use of the NFC-WISP for a perishable goods temperature and motion monitoring application is demonstrated as well as the use of wireless power transfer based on magnetic coupled resonance for high power recharging of multiple NFC devices.
Synthesis of Homo- and Heterobiarylmethylamines (2006)

International audience
Cleavage of Aromatic Methyl Ethers by Chloroaluminate Ionic Liquid Reagents (2003)

Abstract We have discovered serendipitously that chloroaluminate ionic liquids can cleave aromatic methyl ethers under surprisingly mild conditions. Three ionic liquids, viz. [TMAH][Al 2 Cl 7 ], [BMIM][Al 2 Cl 7 ], and [EMIM][Al 2 Cl 6 I], and aluminum chloride were compared in the selective demethylation of 4,5‐dimethoxyindanone at the 4‐methoxy‐function. The ionic liquids exhibited a remarkably high selectivity (96:4) in comparison with aluminum chloride (70:30). In addition, the reaction time was drastically shortened when the ionic liquids were used. Interestingly, the three ionic liquids displayed the same reactivity in the demethylation of 4,5‐dimethoxyindanone. Considering the lower cost and the bulk availability of the precursors of [TMAH][Al 2 Cl 7 ], we conclude that this is the most attractive ionic liquid from an industrial point of view. To make the large‐scale application of [TMAH][Al 2 Cl 7 ] feasible, we have developed a safe upscalable method for its preparation. Furthermore, the scope of ether cleavage by the ionic liquid reagent [TMAH][Al 2 Cl 7 ] was investigated and it was found that aromatic methyl‐, allyl‐, and benzyl‐ether cleavage is applicable to a variety of heterocyclic compounds. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Efficiency of ultrasound training simulators: Method for assessing image realism (2010)

Although ultrasound has become an important imaging modality within several medical professions, the benefit of ultrasound depends to some degree on the skills of the person operating the probe and interpreting the image. For some applications, the possibility to educate operators in a clinical setting is limited, and the use of training simulators is considered an alternative approach for learning basic skills. To ensure the quality of simulator-based training, it is important to produce simulated ultrasound images that resemble true images to a sufficient degree. This article describes a method that allows corresponding true and simulated ultrasound images to be generated and displayed side by side in real time, thus facilitating an interactive evaluation of ultrasound simulators in terms of image resemblance, real-time characteristics and man-machine interaction. The proposed method could be used to study the realism of ultrasound simulators and how this realism affects the quality of training, as well as being a valuable tool in the development of simulation algorithms.
Inhibition of methylazoxymethanol acetate initiation of colon carcinogenesis in rats by treatment with the poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase inhibitor 3-aminobenzamide (1988)

To clarify the biological role of poly(ADP-ribose) in cancer induction in vivo, the influence of the poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitor, 3-aminobenzamide (3-AB), on initiation of carcinogenesis in the colon and liver by a single application of methylazoxymethanol (MAM) acetate was investigated. Since 3-AB is rapidly metabolized and excreted in vivo when injected as a single dose, rats were given a continuous i.v. infusion of the compound (1200 mg/kg/day) for 4 days and injected with a single dose (35 mg/kg) of MAM acetate 4 h after the start of the experiment. Rats were killed 70 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. The incidence of colon tumors was significantly lower (t less than 0.025) in the 3-AB-treated group than in the carcinogen-only controls. Although significant numbers of glutathione S-transferase placental form positive foci were also induced in the liver of MAM-acetate-treated animals, 3-AB administration had no effect on their number and size. The results thus clearly demonstrated that continuous infusion of 3-AB during the initiation phase inhibited the development of MAM-acetate-induced colon tumors, but was not effective for the formation of preneoplastic foci in the liver.
Subfornical Organ: Site of Drinking Elicitation by Angiotensin II (1973)

Angiotensin II applied directly to the subfornical organ in a dose as small as 0.1 nanogram elicited short-latency drinking behavior in water-sated rats. Lesions in the body of this structure blocked drinking induced by angiotensin II applied to the basal telencephalon (including preoptic area). These results call attention to the subfornical organ as an important central nervous structure involved in the conrol of drinking behavior.
Use of osmotically active agents to alter optical properties of tissue: influence on the detected fluorescence signal from a subsurface target (2000)

In this study, we used a technique that alters the optical properties of tissue to study the effects of tissue scattering on the detected fluorescence from a target placed under the tissue sample. By using hyper-osmotic solutions of glycerol or dimethyl sulfoxide, scattering in tissue samples was reduced substantially. A fluorescent film was placed underneath in vitro and in vivo samples of hamster skin. Excitation of the fluorescent film was achieved through the tissue and the fluorescent signal from the film monitored over time as an osmotically active agent was added to the tissue. The film had an absorption peak at 542 nm and an emission peak at 585 nm. The reduction in tissue scattering caused by the optical clearing agents led to an increase in the detected fluorescent signal (up to double the original signal). The increase was greater for 14 M dimethyl sulfoxide than for 13 M glycerol, and greater for in vivo skin than for in vitro skin. The study serves as a demonstration of the benefits of optical tissue clearing by osmotically active agents to the detected signal in an optical application. Temporary reduction of scattering in tissue will be useful in therapeutic and diagnostic applications that can benefit from an increase in the penetration depth of light.
Anomalously large interface charge in polarity-switchable photovoltaic devices: an indication of mobile ions in organic–inorganic halide perovskites (2015)

Anomalously large interface charge in polarity-switchable photovoltaic devices indicates the large amount of mobile ions in organic–inorganic halide perovskites.