gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitation of the<i>a priori</i>dosimetric capabilities of spatial points in inverse planning and its significant implication in defining IMRT solution space (2005)

In inverse planning, the likelihood for the points in a target or sensitive structure to meet their dosimetric goals is generally heterogeneous and represents the a priori knowledge of the system once the patient and beam configuration are chosen. Because of this intrinsic heterogeneity, in some extreme cases, a region in a target may never meet the prescribed dose without seriously deteriorating the doses in other areas. Conversely, the prescription in a region may be easily met without violating the tolerance of any sensitive structure. In this work, we introduce the concept of dosimetric capability to quantify the a priori information and develop a strategy to integrate the data into the inverse planning process. An iterative algorithm is implemented to numerically compute the capability distribution on a case specific basis. A method of incorporating the capability data into inverse planning is developed by heuristically modulating the importance of the individual voxels according to the a priori capability distribution. The formalism is applied to a few specific examples to illustrate the technical details of the new inverse planning technique. Our study indicates that the dosimetric capability is a useful concept to better understand the complex inverse planning problem and an effective use of the information allows us to construct a clinically more meaningful objective function to improve IMRT dose optimization techniques.
Linezolid Therapy of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Experimental Osteomyelitis (2000)

The in vivo activity of linezolid or cefazolin against a clinical isolate of methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus (linezolid MIC, 2 microg/ml) was studied in a rat model of experimental osteomyelitis. Sixty rats with experimental S. aureus osteomyelitis were treated for 21 days with no antimicrobial, with 25 microg of linezolid per kg of body weight administered intraperitoneally twice or three times a day, or with 50 microg of cefazolin per kg administered intramuscularly three times a day. After treatment, the animals were sacrificed and the infected tibiae were processed for quantitative bacterial cultures. The results of treatment were expressed as log(10) CFU/gram of bone and analyzed by rank sum analysis. The results of linezolid treatment were not significantly different from those of untreated controls, while cefazolin treatment was significantly more active than no treatment or linezolid treatment.
Backwards-compatible array bounds checking for C with very low overhead (2006)

The problem of enforcing correct usage of array and pointer references in C and C++ programs remains unsolved. The approach proposed by Jones and Kelly (extended by Ruwase and Lam) is the only one we know of that does not require significant manual changes to programs, but it has extremely high overheads of 5x-6x and 11x-12x in the two versions. In this paper, we describe a collection of techniques that dramatically reduce the overhead of this approach, by exploiting a fine-grain partitioning of memory called Automatic Pool Allocation. Together, these techniques bring the average overhead checks down to only 12% for a set of benchmarks (but 69% for one case). We show that the memory partitioning is key to bringing down this overhead. We also show that our technique successfully detects all buffer overrun violations in a test suite modeling reported violations in some important real-world programs.
The TandemHeart®, percutaneous transseptal left ventricular assist device: a safeguard in high-risk percutaneous coronary interventions. The six-year Rotterdam experience (2008)

The TandemHeart - PTVA provides effective, total left ventricular support in very high risk PCI settings. The rate of device related cardiac and vascular complications was acceptable.
Preparation of a Soluble Precursor by an Aminolysis Reaction of Zr(NEt2)4 and Its Pyrolytic Conversion into ZrN (2000)

Abstract A novel soluble precursor with a Zr-N-Zr backbone structure was prepared by an aminolysis reaction of Zr(Net2)4 with PriNH2. Pyrolysis of the precursor under NH3-N2 atmospheres led to the formation of ZrN as a main crystalline phase with a ceramic yield of 45.2%. Aggregated particles consisting of very minute particles with diameters of 50-300 nm were obtained.
Automatic and continuous offset compensation of MOS operational amplifiers using floating-gate transistors (1998)

This paper presents a new approach that exploits floating-gate MOS transistors and a feedback control loop to automatically compensate the offset of MOS operational amplifiers in a continuous manner that substantially improves the state of the art in the field. The proposed method can be repeatedly used to compensate the effects of environmental and device modifications, while the possibility to accurately program an arbitrary value of the offset can be exploited to realize high performance and/or programmable comparators and A/D converters.
MEASUREMENT OF ELASTASE-INDUCED FIBRINOGEN-DERIVED PEPTIDES IN VITRO (1987)

Leukocyte elastase (EL) cleaves peptides from the N-terminal fibrinogen (fbg) Aα and B6 chains. The Aα peptide (Aα 1-21) and the as yet unidentified BIB peptide contain thrombin (TB)cleavage sites. As we were interested in fbg proteolysis in sepsis and leukemia, we have tried to measure these peptides (generated by incubating a crude granulocyte extract with fbg) using available fibrinopeptide A (FPA) - und Bß 15-42-antigen-RIA techniques. As the indirect measurement of Aα 1-21 in terms of FPA releasable by TB treatment in vitro (TB-inducible FPA, TIFPA) requires the use of a highly specific anti-FPA-antiserum to avoid cross reaction of Aα 1-21 we tested the specificity of several antisera. Only R2, provided by Dr. J. Owen, proved suitable whereas two commercial antisera measured 6-15% of Aα 1-21 as apparent FPA. Simultaneous recovery of FPA and Aα 1-21 from plasma using R2 was between 80-100% after precipitation of cross-reacting fbg by ethanol, whereas bentonite adsorbed Aα 1-21 and the EL induced BIB peptide. TIFPA was fully recovered after incubation with plasma (37°C, 2 hr) whereas cross-reactivity of Aα 1-21 in the FPA-assay did not increase. EL-induced proteolysis in plasma in terms of TIFPA generation did not occur unless the normal granulocyte-plasma ratio was increased about 300-400 fold. The Bß 15-42 antigen RIA allowed quantitative measurement of the as yet undefined EL-induced Bß peptide, since the "Bß 15-42" concentration measured was equal to the amount of FPB (measured as Bß 1-13) releasable from the EL-induced BIB-peptide by TB. The immunoreactivity of this peptide is stable in plasma and completely recovered after ethanol precipitation. This finding suggests that the EL-induced BIB peptide is longer than Bß 1-4 2 and not susceptible to C-terminal degradation of the Bß41/42 region which is crucial for recognition of the peptide by the antiserum (supported by Deutsche Forschungs-gemeinschaft).
Progress in cancer screening practices in the United States (2003)

No striking improvements have been observed for the groups with greatest need. Although screening use for most groups has increased since 1987, major disparities remain. Some groups, notably individuals with no usual source of care and the uninsured are falling further behind; and, according to the 2000 data, recent immigrants also experience a significant gap in screening utilization. More attention is needed to overcome screening barriers for these groups if the population benefits of cancer screening are to be achieved.
Exploitation of redundancy for pattern estimation of copy-sensitive two level QR code (2018)

The falsification of hardcopy documents is a common problem these days. Numerous industrial and scientific solutions have been proposed to prevent these falsifications. In this paper, we want to study the security of the two level QR code which is constructed using specific textured patterns that are sensitive to print-and-scan impact. Such code is a good candidate because it generalizes several concepts from several codes. We take a falsifier point of view that aims to reconstruct the two level QR code and to fool the authentication system detector. As the two level QR code contains sets of the same textured patterns, the opponent has access to different printed-and-scanned versions of these textured patterns. These sets of patterns can be used for structure estimation. Several local strategies for pattern estimation are suggest in this paper. The experimental results show that the increasing number of printed-and-scanned patterns cannot improve the estimation results.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHETIC INHIBITORS OF ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE. PYRAZOLES CONTAINING POLAR SUBSTITUENTS IN THE 4‐POSITION (1983)

Abstract Von den Pyrazolen (II)‐(VII) sind (IIa) und (VIIa) bekannt.
Factors Affecting Mercury Control in Utility Flue Gas Using Activated Carbon (1998)

The Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) is conducting research to investigate mercury removal in utility flue gas using sorbents. Bench-scale and pilot-scale tests have been conducted to determine the abilities of different sor-bents to remove mercury in simulated and actual flue gas streams. Bench-scale tests have investigated the effects of various sorbent and flue gas parameters on sorbent performance. These data are being used to develop a theoretical model for predicting mercury removal by sorbents at different conditions. This paper describes the results of parametric bench-scale tests investigating the removal of mercuric chloride and elemental mercury by activated carbon. Results obtained to date indicate that the adsorption capacity of a given sorbent is dependent on many factors, including the type of mercury being adsorbed, flue gas composition, and adsorption temperature. These data provide insight into potential mercury adsorption mechanisms and suggest that the removal of mercury involves both physical and chemical mechanisms. Understanding these effects is important since the performance of a given sorbent could vary significantly from site to site depending on the coal- or gas-matrix composition.
Down syndrome detection from facial photographs using machine learning techniques (2013)

Down syndrome is the most commonly occurring chromosomal condition; one in every 691 babies in United States is born with it. Patients with Down syndrome have an increased risk for heart defects, respiratory and hearing problems and the early detection of the syndrome is fundamental for managing the disease. Clinically, facial appearance is an important indicator in diagnosing Down syndrome and it paves the way for computer-aided diagnosis based on facial image analysis. In this study, we propose a novel method to detect Down syndrome using photography for computer-assisted image-based facial dysmorphology. Geometric features based on facial anatomical landmarks, local texture features based on the Contourlet transform and local binary pattern are investigated to represent facial characteristics. Then a support vector machine classifier is used to discriminate normal and abnormal cases; accuracy, precision and recall are used to evaluate the method. The comparison among the geometric, local texture and combined features was performed using the leave-one-out validation. Our method achieved 97.92% accuracy with high precision and recall for the combined features; the detection results were higher than using only geometric or texture features. The promising results indicate that our method has the potential for automated assessment for Down syndrome from simple, noninvasive imaging data.
Infantile spasms: II. Lenticular nuceli and brain stem activation on positron emission tomography (1992)

Infantile spasms are generalized seizures specific to early infancy, and are believed to result from complex cortical-subcortical interactions during a critical period of development. We used positron emission tomography (PET) to determine local cerebral metabolic rates for glucose (1CMRG1c) in 44 infants with spasms, in an attempt to define the neuroanatomical substrates that mediate these seizures. All infants were studied in the awake state during continuous electroencephalographic monitoring. The most consistent abnormality on PET, seen in 32 infants, was the symmetrical increase in 1CMRG1c in the lenticular nuclei, compared to age-matched normal infants (p less than 0.05). In 21 infants, even though the brain stem appeared to be visually more prominent compared to normal infants, statistically significant differences could not be demonstrated. Relative hypermetabolism of the lenticular nuclei (1) occurred irrespective of whether the spasms were cryptogenic or symptomatic, (2) was associated with focal cortical hypometabolism in 22 and focal cortical hypermetabolism in 5 of the 44 infants, and (3) was not characterized by any specific electroencephalographic abnormality during PET. These findings suggest that the lenticular nuclei may contribute to the pathophysiological state that predisposes to infantile spasms, and is consistent with the observation that spasms are clinically symmetrical even when focal cortical lesions are present. A scheme describing the neuronal circuitry likely to be involved in the generation of infantile spasms is proposed.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TELEPHONE INFORMATION SERVICE IN TRANSIT (1984)

This report analyzes the effectiveness of telephone information services provided by public transit authorities in the United States. The report is based primarily on the results of fifteen case studies conducted at diverse transit authorities, as well as a literature search. The following technologies are examined: 1) microfiche and computerized methods of data retrieval; 2) automatic-call-distributor equipment with management information system (MIS) capability; and 3) computerized rider information systems (CRIS). In addition, institutional and labor issues involved in the provision of telephone information service are discussed. The report provides both an issue-by-issue analysis as well as a description of how each case study site provides telephone information, including performance measurements, costs, and benefits. A draft of this report was reviewed by each case study site which provided primary data, and by the Transportation Systems Center and Urban Mass Transportation Administration. Their comments have been incorporated into the final report in a manner which ensures that the objectivity of the assessment is not compromised.
Low-order Kalman filters for channel estimation (2005)

This paper addresses the design of low-order Kalman filters to estimate radio channels with Rayleigh fading. Rayleigh fading cannot be perfectly modelled with any finite order auto-regressive (AR) process. Previously, only first and second order Kalman filters were used for channel estimation since higher order Kalman filters were found to not significantly improve accuracy. This is due to mismatches in the statistics of the AR models of the Kalman filters and the true Rayleigh fading. In this paper, the coefficients of the AR models for the Kalman filter are calculated by solving for the minimum square error solutions of an over-determined linear systems. The AR models generated have statistics closely matching the Rayleigh fading process. The Kalman filter using these AR models can accurately estimate the Rayleigh fading process. The accuracy of the new Kalman filters is demonstrated in the tracking of simulated Rayleigh fading processes of different bandwidths.
The influence of <i>Zea mays</i> on urinary risk factors for kidney stones in rats (1993)

Abstract The effects on the calcium oxalate urolithiasis urinary risk factors of Zea mays (stigmata maidis) , in herb infusion form, combined with different diets (standard, high glucidic, high protein) have beer studied using male Wistar rats. From the reported study, the possible antilithiasic effects of Zea mais infusion can be exclusively assigned to some diuretic activity. Thus, no influence on important urinary risk factors such as citraturia, calciuria or urinary pH values was detected. It is interesting to emphasize that the diuretic effect of the herb infusion was clearly dependent on the diet and was maximum when the rats were fed with the standard one.
Extensive polymorphism in the <i>Plasmodium vivax</i> merozoite surface coat protein MSP-3α is limited to specific domains (2002)

Plasmodium merozoites are covered by a complex coat of surface proteins. Several of the Merozoite Surface Proteins (MSPs) that make up this coat have been proposed as vaccine candidates although some of the MSPs are known to be highly polymorphic. We present here the first survey and analysis of the polymorphism in the recently characterized P. vivax surface protein PvMSP-3alpha. Full length or partial sequences were obtained for the Pvmsp-3alpha gene from isolates originating in Central and South America, Asia and the Pacific. The Pvmsp-3alpha sequence is remarkably diverse, but this extensive diversity is largely restricted to certain domains of the encoded protein. An acidic C-terminal domain and a smaller hydrophilic N-terminus are relatively conserved, while a central domain containing coiled-coil heptad repeats is highly polymorphic and in some isolates of P. vivax is partially deleted. Unlike other MSPs, there is no evidence of allelic families of PvMSP-3alpha gene sequences, and no evidence that certain patterns of polymorphism group within isolates of similar geographical origin. The distribution and nature of polymorphism suggest that there are functional restrictions on mutations in this gene, and have implications for inclusion of PvMSP-3alpha as a candidate in a P. vivax vaccine.
Evaluation of static measurement in piezoelectric cantilever sensors using a charge integration technique for chemical and biological detection (2010)

In this paper, we introduce a charge integrator as a read-out system for piezoelectric cantilever sensors. The charge integrator is used to monitor the surface charge induced by piezoelectric materials as a function of mechanical stress. This technique improves the response of piezoelectric cantilever sensors in low-frequency measurements, which makes them suitable for chemical and biological detection. Furthermore, it is capable of real-time, portable and all-electrical detection. The detection of alkanethiols on the Au-coated piezoelectric cantilevers is demonstrated to verify the concept.
Analysis of processes and large data sets by a self-organizing method (1999)

Frequently one must deal with natural processes and data for which no known models can be derived from classical systems theory. A solution is that relationships between the elements are described by nonlinear functional expansions called "neural networks". The most familiar neural-network models make use of supervised learning, which means that the data used for identification must be verified, validated, and preclassified. Such data, however, is very expensive and sometimes even impossible to acquire. A different approach altogether is unsupervised learning that uses raw data, usually available on mass. In the article, the most widespread unsupervised-learning method, the self-organizing map (SOM) algorithm is described. The central idea in this algorithm and in self organization in general, is to use a large number of relatively simple and structurally similar, interacting, statistical submodels. Each submodel describes only a limited domain of observations, but since the submodels can communicate, they can mutually decide what and how large a domain belongs to each submodel. By virtue of such collective interactions it becomes possible to span the whole data space nonlinearly, thereby minimizing the average overall modeling error. As the SOM implements a characteristic nonlinear projection from the input space to a visual display, it can be used, e.g., to reveal process states that otherwise would escape notice. Applications to industry and "data mining" in general are surveyed. The mapping of all electronically available patent abstracts in the world onto a visual display is also reported.
Tissue Distribution of a Coelomic- Epithelium-Related Antigen Recognized by the Monoclonal Antibody OC125 (1983)

OC125, a murine monoclonal antibody, recognizes an antigenic determinant (CA125) that is associated with greater than 80% of epithelial ovarian neoplasms of serous, endometrioid, clear cell, and undifferentiated types. In the present report, a sensitive biotin-avidin immunoperoxidase technique was used to determine reactivity of OC125 with normal adult and fetal tissues, as well as with neoplasms of nonovarian origin. In fetal tissues, the antibody reacted with amnion and with derivatives of the coelomic epithelium, i.e., the müllerian epithelium and the lining cells of the peritoneum, pleura, and pericardium. Among adult tissues, OC125 reacted with the epithelium of fallopian tubes, endometrium, and endocervix. The CA125 determinant was also detected on mesothelial cells in the adult pleura, pericardium, and peritoneum, particularly in areas of inflammation and adhesion. Curiously, the surface epithelium of normal fetal and adult ovaries, thought to be derived from coelomic epithelium, did not express the determinant, except in inclusion cysts, areas of metaplasia, and papillary excrescences. Of neoplastic tissues of nonovarian origin, OC125 reacted consistently only with adenocarcinomas of the endocervix, endometrium, and fallopian tube, and with mesotheliomas. Only seven of 64 nongynecological tumors tested reacted with OC125. Thus, OC125 detects a differentiation antigen shared by fetal coelomic epithelium and its derivatives in the fetus and the adult. Apparently, this antigen disappears early in the course of formation of the ovarian epithelium and is reexpressed in certain reactive and neoplastic lesions, a process that could be termed "molecular metaplasia."
Effects of random errors on the performance of a linear butler array (1962)

A statistical analysis is presented which, assuming the errors in the beam forming matrix of a linear Butler array to be small independent Rayleigh-distributed random errors, indicates that the resultant power pattern has a modified Rayleigh distribution. The results of the analysis were then applied to determine the effects upon sidelobes and beam pointing yielding the following results. The allowable limits of phase and amplitude errors for a specified sidelobe deterioration are greatly reduced in comparison to the limits for an array whose elements are independently excited; furthermore, the limits are to a great extent independent of the number of elements in the array. The beam-pointing error is not severely affected and is inversely proportional to the number of elements. The nature of the results confirm what was to be expected from the periodic fashion in which errors within the matrix are distributed across the array.