gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Performance Hollow Projectiles (1973)

Abstract : Development of hollow projectiles was first advocated to achieve 'silent' (low pressure signal) projectiles having higher performance. Although the present effort concentrates on small arms (specifically 7.62 mm), the confirmed fundamental theory applies to all sizes of hollow projectiles. The report can thus serve as a basis for (1) evaluating specific hollow projectile developments and (2) formulating programs to develop a wide spectrum of hollow projectile configurations tailored to a diversity of functional requirements.
Introduction (1992)

Peter Pan offers us the child — for ever. It gives us the child, but it does not speak to the child. In fact so rarely has it spoken to the child throughout its history, that it led me to ask whether there might not be some relation between this all-too-perfect presence of the child and a set of problems, or evasions, in the very concept of children's fiction itself. Children's fiction rests on the idea that there is a child who is simply there to be addressed and that speaking to it might be simple. It is an idea whose innocent generality covers up a multitude of sins. This book will attempt to trace the fantasy which lies behind the concept of children's fiction, and will base its case on Peter Pan.KeywordsSexual IdentityEducational PolicyCase ofAliceFairy TaleAdventure StoryThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Relation of structure to properties in polyurethanes (1960)

Abstract A polyurethane bearing pendant hydroxyl groups and carbon‐carbon double bonds was prepared. Curing was carried out by diisocyanates of different lengths and by an accelerated sulfur recipe. The vulcanizate properties of modulus, hardness, and resilience were found to be independent of both the length and chemical nature of the crosslink. Compression set, however, was always higher for the sulfur cures, an effect which can be attributed to the disulfide structure of this particular crosslink. Both physical and chemical evidence support this structure. Diisocyanate curing of the dolyurethane via the hydroxyl groups is a clean‐cut, essentially quantitative reaction which provided an absolute method for determining the degree of crosslinking. Excellent agreement was obtained between the physical degree of crosslinking as determined by equilibrium modulus and the chemical degree of crosslinking. This agreement provides further verification of the network‐statistical theory of rubber elasticity in highly swollen systems. No chain entanglement was observed.
Light-induced photoreceptor and RPE degeneration involve zinc toxicity and are attenuated by pyruvate, nicotinamide, or cyclic light. (2010)

Zn(2+) plays a role in this injury, as suggested by the increased Zn(2+) staining and the efficacy of Zn(2+) therapeutics. These results suggest that cyclic light maintenance, Zn(2+) chelation, pyruvate, and nicotinamide promote RPE and photoreceptor survival after injury and could be effective for various forms of retinal neurodegeneration. These results could have immediate clinical applications in surgery- or sun exposure- induced light damage to the retina.
Diagnostic and prognostic significance of myelomonocytic cell surface antigens in acute myeloid leukaemia (1989)

Thirty-six cases of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) were tested with a large battery of monoclonal antibodies (moAbs) detecting surface markers normally expressed by myelomonocytic, T and B lymphoid, megakaryocytic and erythroid lineages. Differences in antigenic expression were observed among the various FAB subgroups: HLA-class II molecules were found in almost all AML cases but not in the promyelocytic subgroup (M3); CD14 and CD36 antigens were detected in monocytic leukaemias (M4 and M5); the CD34 moAb (MY10) recognizing an epitope described on myeloid stem cells was positive in 88% of the M1 and 80% of the M3 cases. By a multivariate analysis, only the CD14b (MY4) discriminated significantly between M1-M2 and M4-M5 subgroups. Using Cox's model to assess the prognostic importance of variables including immunophenotyping on survival, we undertook a one by one analysis and found that the presence of CD17 antigen predicted for a shorter survival (P = 0.03). In addition this marker appeared more significant than other clinical and biological parameters.
A high-speed packet switch architecture with a multichannel bandwidth allocation (1991)

A novel packet switch architecture is proposed based on a channel grouped virtual circuit (CG-VC) scheme for high-speed communication networks. The case is considered in which there are several parallel channels between two switching nodes. The CG-VC scheme allows a packet to select an available channel in such a way as to avoid congested channels using a simple, hardware-based, self-routing mechanism. As a result, the architecture provides efficient channel use and low switching delay. The performance of the proposed switch is evaluated by simulation. The results show the proposed switch significantly improves channel utilization and switching delay compared with conventional single-channel allocation transmission policies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of Nano-Sized Particles of Collagen II by an Electrostatic Field System (2005)

This study described a novel method for preparing nano-sized particles of collagen II by using a high voltage electrostatic field system. The preliminary results showed that the collagen II particles exhibited good sphericity and the particles diameters increased after longer electric field treatment. They were in the range of 208 plusmn 27, 277 plusmn 26 and 467 plusmn 35 nm in diameter at the treatment of 3 kV/cm for 1, 3, and 5 hours respectively at 25degC (collagen concentration was 0.2 mg/ml). Moreover, the particles size increased to 1621 plusmn 49 nm in diameter when the concentration of collagen II was increased from 0.2 mg/ml to 0.5 mg/ml. However, the collagen II was hard to form a nano-particle shape under 30degC at 0.2 mg/ml and 0.5 mg/ml concentration of collagen II. When the temperature increased to 37degC, the collagen II was unable to produce particle, instead, fibrous structures were formed under this temperature setting. This result probably contributed by a entropy driven process which termed fibrillogenesis, a larger force to yield the collagen molecules to self-assemble and then formed collagen fibrils. Incidentally, smoother outer surface of nano-particle was observed after 5-hour treatment (collagen concentration was 0.2mg/ml at 25degC). The most important finding was that, no collagen II nano-particles were produced without the treatment of electrostatic field, no matter at either collagen concentration or temperature settings.
Theoretical estimate of the tube-wave modulus in arbitrarily anisotropic media: Comparisons between semianalytical, FEM, and approximate solutions (2012)

ABSTRACT We revisit an exact, quasi-static, semianalytical solution for the effective tube-wave modulus for any borehole orientation relative to an anisotropic medium of arbitrary symmetry and strength. This exact solution agrees very well with the one computed from a finite-element model (FEM). We compare the exact solution with several analytical approximations for well deviations from vertical to horizontal and for different transversely isotropic media. For elliptic media, we show that the Rice and Chi-Tang approximations are in accordance with the exact solution because they depend only on the horizontal and vertical shear-wave velocity. For anelliptic media, we show that the maximum difference between the exact solution and the Norris-Sinha or Chi-Tang perturbation approximation becomes increasingly significant with increasing degree of anellipticity and shear-wave anisotropy with a maximum error of 5%, 10%, and 18% for Thomsen parameters less than 0.25, 0.4, and 0.6, respectively.
Fabrication and characterisation of D-fibres with a range of accurately controlled core/flat distances (1986)

The fabrication and evaluation of D-fibres, whose optical properties are compatible with standard single-mode fibre designs, is reported. The high tolerances achieved in the process of drawing a tapered preform are shown to be necessary for predicting the transverse coupling behaviour of the fibres.
Optimal Investment Portfolio Model with Degree Risk in Complex Stock Network (2011)

A stock market is a typical complex network and it can be described by complex network. Recently more related researches have focused on modeling and analyzing of topological structure of complex stock network. For an investor, the best decision is to select the optimal portfolio in order to obtain the maximum income with the given risk level. In this paper, we propose a new optimal portfolio model with degree risk control based on Markowitz mean-variance model, which is different from the variance risk in traditional portfolio model. We regard the inverse of degree of each stock as its risk in complex stock network. We show the optimal portfolio of the new model is more reasonable than that of the old model. Meanwhile, we find the new model obtains the larger fluctuation of the optimal proportions. All stocks in Shanghai Stock Exchange Constituent Index, named SSE-180 usually, are selected to calculate the optimal portfolios of two models. According to notable differences of the proportions of two models, we identify a few stocks to determine their investing proportions. This helps to improve the optimality of portfolio to achieve our investing goal.
AWG-based metro WDM networking (2004)

A plethora of metropolitan area wavelength-division multiplexing networks have been proposed and examined in recent years with the aim to alleviate the bandwidth bottleneck between increasingly higher-speed local/access networks and high-speed backbone networks. Many of the considered metropolitan area networks use the arrayed waveguide grating as an optical building block. As we review in this article, in ring, interconnected ring, and meshed metro WDM networks, the AWG is typically used to realize wavelength multiplexers, demultiplexers, or optical add-drop multiplexers without capitalizing on spatial wavelength reuse. By using the AWG as a wavelength router, highly efficient star metro WDM networks can be realized due to extensive spatial wavelength reuse. We give an overview of star metro WDM networks that are able to meet modular upgradability, transparency, flexibility, efficiency, reliability, and protection requirements of future metro networks. AWG-based star networks also enable an evolution path of ring networks toward highly efficient and fault-tolerant hybrid star-ring metro network solutions.
CRISPR–Cas9 Genome Engineering in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Cells (2016)

This protocol describes a method for CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing that results in scarless and marker-free integrations of DNA into Saccharomyces cerevisiae genomes. DNA integration results from cotransforming (1) a single plasmid (pCAS) that coexpresses the Cas9 endonuclease and a uniquely engineered single guide RNA (sgRNA) expression cassette and (2) a linear DNA molecule that is used to repair the chromosomal DNA damage by homology-directed repair. For target specificity, the pCAS plasmid requires only a single cloning modification: replacing the 20-bp guide RNA sequence within the sgRNA cassette. This CRISPR-Cas9 protocol includes methods for (1) cloning the unique target sequence into pCAS, (2) assembly of the double-stranded DNA repair oligonucleotides, and (3) cotransformation of pCAS and linear repair DNA into yeast cells. The protocol is technically facile and requires no special equipment. It can be used in any S. cerevisiae strain, including industrial polyploid isolates. Therefore, this CRISPR-Cas9-based DNA integration protocol is achievable by virtually any yeast genetics and molecular biology laboratory.
Federated Learning With Quantized Global Model Updates (2020)

We study federated learning (FL), which enables mobile devices to utilize their local datasets to collaboratively train a global model with the help of a central server, while keeping data localized. At each iteration, the server broadcasts the current global model to the devices for local training, and aggregates the local model updates from the devices to update the global model. Previous work on the communication efficiency of FL has mainly focused on the aggregation of model updates from the devices, assuming perfect broadcasting of the global model. In this paper, we instead consider broadcasting a compressed version of the global model. This is to further reduce the communication cost of FL, which can be particularly limited when the global model is to be transmitted over a wireless medium. We introduce a lossy FL (LFL) algorithm, in which both the global model and the local model updates are quantized before being transmitted. We analyze the convergence behavior of the proposed LFL algorithm assuming the availability of accurate local model updates at the server. Numerical experiments show that the proposed LFL scheme, which quantizes the global model update (with respect to the global model estimate at the devices) rather than the global model itself, significantly outperforms other existing schemes studying quantization of the global model at the PS-to-device direction. Also, the performance loss of the proposed scheme is marginal compared to the fully lossless approach, where the PS and the devices transmit their messages entirely without any quantization.
Study on Oxazolopyrimidines. V. Preparation of 9-Substituted Hypoxanthines <i>via</i> 7-Aminooxazolo[5,4-<i>d</i>]pyrimidines (1970)

Abstract Reaction of 4-cyano-5-ethoxymethylenaminooxazoles with aliphatic amines gave 7-alkylaminooxazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidines. The structure of these compounds was discussed on the basis of spectroscopic properties. These oxazolopyrimidines were converted to 9-alkylhypoxanthines by treatment with aqueous alkali (Method A) or by heating in formamide (Method B). Reaction of the ethoxymethylenamino compounds with aromatic amines gave 9-arylhypoxanthines directly (Method C).
On the production of polarized electron beams by spin exchange collisions (1965)

A method for obtaining beams of polarized electrons, by transfer of polarization from an atomic beam to a cross-fired electron beam, is investigated using the formalism of the Stokes vector and the interaction matrix. The transfer takes place through the mechanism of spin exchange in elastic collisions, and this effect is discussed together with problems arising from the statistical nature of the transfer process. The theoretical requirements for a workable system are translated into practical terms and details are given of a proposed experiment. This incorporates a device capable of trapping electrons of low energy for periods of a few milliseconds. The system is estimated to yield a pulsed beam of electrons of a few ev energy, with an intensity of about 10-8 A and a polarization approximately equal to that of the atomic beam.
Byte Caching in Wireless Networks (2012)

The explosion of data consumption has led to a renewed interest in byte caching. With studies showing potential reductions in network traffic of 50%, this fine grained caching technique looks like a very good and attractive solution for mobile wireless operators. However, properties of wireless networks actually present new challenges. We first show that a single packet loss, re-ordering or corruption -- all common conditions over the air interface -- can result in circular dependencies and cause existing byte caching algorithms to loop endlessly. To remedy the problem, we then explore a new set of encoding algorithms. Third, we assess the impact of packet losses on byte caching performances, both in terms of byte savings and delay reduction. We found that a mere 1% packet loss can already nullify any delay reduction and instead cause significant increases that users may not be willing to tolerate. Finally, we shared several insights, including interactions between transport layer protocol's mechanisms (e.g., TCP window congestion) and byte caching operations that can cause sophisticated encoding algorithms to perform poorly. We believe that these insights are important for designing more efficient and robust byte caching encoding algorithms.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Soluble Amyloid Precursor Protein and β-Amyloid 42 in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis, Neuromyelitis Optica and Clinically Isolated Syndrome (2011)

Amyloid precursor protein (APP) accumulation in axonal ovoids is a sensitive marker for acute axonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) lesions. This study measured levels of α-cleaved soluble APP (α sAPP) and β-amyloid 42 (Aβ42) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of 42 MS, 10 neuromyelitis optica and 25 clinically isolated syndrome patients and 21 healthy controls, and analysed the correlation between αsAPP and Aβ42 levels and relevant clinical parameters. The CSF concentrations of αsAPP and Aβ42 in patients and controls were not significantly different. There was a significant inverse correlation in patientsbetween CSF αsAPP concentration and the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), but no significant correlation between CSF Aβ42 concentration and EDSS. The concentration of αsAPP in the CSF of statin-treated patients was significantly higher than in those not treated with statins, suggesting that statins may have a neuroprotective effect. In conclusion, αsAPP was present at similar levels in the CSF of patients with neuromyelitis optica, MS and clinically isolated syndrome and healthy controls, and an inverse correlation existed between CSF αsAPP concentration and neurological disability.
High speed deep packet inspection with hardware support (2006)

In this dissertation, we developed high speed packet processing algorithms for new services such as network intrusion detection, high speed firewalls, Network Address Translation (NAT), Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) load balancing, Extensible Markup Language (XML) processing, and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) offloading. These new services have stringent requirements for speed, extensibility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness. For example, some services require rapid scanning of packets against thousands of known patterns. Traditional packet handling techniques, such as next hop forwarding, focus on packet headers only and fail to support these demanding requirements. This thesis research aims to provide fast and efficient deep packet inspection techniques that can function on the entire packet content rather than just the header. To keep up with high speed packet processing in existing networks, we proposed deep packet inspection schemes that are optimized for new technologies such as Ternary Content Addressable Memory (TCAM) and multi-core processors. We propose algorithms that work both on packet headers and packet payload. Our techniques form a cohesive architecture that can perform Gigbit rate packet scanning against thousands of sophisticated patterns.
An on-chip self-calibration method for current mismatch in D/A converters (2005)

This paper presents an on-chip low-power self-calibration apparatus implemented in a 12-bit current-steering 250nm CMOS DAC. The DAC core consists of a noncalibrated binary LSB part and a calibrated thermometer MSB part. The thermometer currents are generated by combining a coarse 10-bit accurate current with a fine calibrating current provided by a small calibrating DAC (CALDAC). The magnitude of the fine current is determined in the digital domain and optimized for overall post-calibration accuracy. This digital process acquires mismatch error information from on an on-chip single bit ADC. The whole calibration process is executed once at chip power-up and the calibration results are recorded. During the normal operation of the DAC, no active calibration operations are present and the fine currents are kept static, so that the advantages of calibration are maintained even at very high conversion rates. The self-calibrated DAC achieves 12-bit static and dynamic linearity, while occupying smaller silicon area due to the intrinsic 10-bit accuracy of the DAC core.
Sequence Distributions of Inverted Propylene Units in Polyproplyenes Measured by <sup>13</sup>C NMR (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSequence Distributions of Inverted Propylene Units in Polyproplyenes Measured by 13C NMRYoshiharu DoiCite this: Macromolecules 1979, 12, 2, 248–251Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma60068a015https://doi.org/10.1021/ma60068a015research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of Dietary Sodium Phytate on the Hepatic and Serum Levels of Lipids and on the Hepatic Activities of NADPH-generating Enzymes in Rats Fed on Sucrose (1995)

The effect was investigated of dietary 0.5% sodium phytate on the hepatic and serum lipid status in rats fed on sucrose for 29 or 30 days. The increase in hepatic weight, levels of hepatic total lipids, triglyceride, cholesterol, serum triglyceride and phospholipid, and the activities of hepatic NADPH-generating enzymes due to sucrose feeding were generally depressed by dietary sodium phytate.
Direct estimates of SDy and the implications for utility analysis. (1992)

Utility analysis suggests that human resources policies can have an economically significant impact on business organizations. Confidence in such conclusions, however, requires an accurate estimate of SD y . This article provides a validity check on prevailing subjective methods of SD y estimation by directly estimating SD y from unique field data. Using both simulated and field data, we first illustrate the range of potential bias associated with predictor unreliability in regression analysis and show how to calculate corrected values. We then discuss the methodological problems of directly estimating SD y with organizational data and provide a range of estimates for SD y . Our direct estimation of SD y yielded values ranging from 74% to 100% of mean salary, which are considerably greater than conventional subjective judgments
INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGIES (ICT) (2010)

Researchers propose a new measure that provides a unified approach to developing information and communication technologies while also being mindful of its environmental impact.