gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nerve growth factor in Alzheimer's disease: increased levels throughout the brain coupled with declines in nucleus basalis (1995)

The current study analyzed NGF protein levels in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as compared with aged neurologically normal individuals. An established two-site ELISA was used to measure NGF-like immunoreactivity in the hippocampus, superior temporal gyrus, superior frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, frontal and occipital cortical poles, cerebellum, amygdala, putamen, and nucleus basalis of Meynert (nbM). ChAT activity was assayed in adjacent tissue samples. NGF levels were also evaluated in Parkinson's disease for comparison with both AD and age-matched control cases. Regardless of the brain bank (University of Cincinnati, Rush Presbyterian St. Luke's Medical Center in Chicago, or University of Alabama at Birmingham), NGF-like activity was at least moderately increased with AD in virtually every brain region examined except for the nbM, in which significant declines were observed. NGF levels were also increased when compared with age-matched Parkinson's cases (frontal cortex). NGF-like activity was not related to age at onset or disease duration in AD cases, nor did NGF levels correlate with age at death in the control or AD groups. Correlations between ChAT and NGF-like activity across brains varied considerably and were generally not significant. The present findings indicate that AD is characterized by a widespread increase in cortical and subcortical NGF. Although a correlation with ChAT activity was not observed in cortex, the AD-related decline in NGF found in nbM is consistent with the possibility of impaired retrograde transport of NGF to this region.
Functional Expression of an Epitope-tagged G protein-coupled K+ Channel (GIRK1) (1995)

An epitope-tagged form of an inwardly rectifying and G protein-coupled K+ channel (GIRK1-cp) was expressed at high levels in transfected mammalian cells. Immunoblot analysis of transfected human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293) and mouse insulinoma cells (beta TC3) revealed several GIRK1-cp polypeptides, including the major 59-kDa band, corresponding to the predicted mass of the GIRK1 polypeptide plus the epitope tag. Immunohistochemical staining using two anti-tag antibodies showed abundant immunoreactive material, which was predominantly concentrated in the perinuclear area in both transfected cell types. While functional GIRK1-cp message was present in poly(A)+ RNA prepared from HEK293 cells expressing GIRK1-cp protein, appropriate K+ currents could not be detected. In contrast, whole cell recordings made directly from transfected beta TC3 cells expressing GIRK1-cp revealed inwardly rectifying, pertussis toxin-sensitive currents activated by norepinephrine and galanin. Single channel recordings in excised patches of beta TC3 cells expressing GIRK1-cp showed rectifying K+ currents when activated by 50 microM guanosine 5'-O-(thiotriphosphate), with a slope conductance of 39.1 +/- 1.0 picosiemens. This is the first report of stable heterologous expression of a functional G protein-coupled K+ channel in mammalian cells. The activity of an epitope-tagged channel in insulinoma cells demonstrates the utility of this system for further biochemical and biophysical analyses of G protein-K+ channel interactions.
Interactive animation of cloth‐like objects in virtual reality (2001)

Abstract Modeling and animation of cloth have experienced important developments in recent years. As a consequence, complex textile models can be used to realistically drape objects or human characters in a fairly efficient way. However, real‐time realistic simulation remains a major challenge, even if applications are numerous, from rapid prototyping to e‐commerce. In this paper, we present a stable, real‐time algorithm for animating cloth‐like materials. Using a hybrid explicit/implicit algorithm, we perform fast and stable time integration of a physically based model with rapid collision detection and response, as well as wind or liquid drag effects to enhance realism. We demonstrate our approach through a series of examples in virtual reality environments, proving that real‐time animation of cloth, even on low‐end computers, is now achievable. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Channel Electrodes — A Review (1998)

Recent progress in the development of channel electrode voltammetry is reviewed. Both experimental and fundamental aspects are addressed, and the power of the approach is illustrated with a variety of applications.
Nonaqueous Microemulsions Based on <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Alkylimidazolium Alkylsulfate Ionic Liquids (2013)

The ternary system composed of the ionic liquid surfactant (IL-S) 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium dodecylsulfate ([Bmim][DodSO4]), the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ethylsulfate ([Emim][EtSO4]), and toluene has been investigated. Three major mechanisms guiding the structure of the isotropic phase were identified by means of conductometric experiments, which have been correlated to the presence of oil-in-IL, bicontinuous, and IL-in-oil microemulsions. IL-S forms micelles in toluene, which swell by adding RTIL as to be shown by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) experiments. Therefore, it is possible to form water-free IL-in-oil reverse microemulsions ≤10 nm in size as a new type of nanoreactor.
Improved control strategy of full-bridge modular multilevel converter (2015)

This paper describes a control approach that allows the cell capacitors of the full-bridge modular multilevel converter (FB-MMC) to be controlled independent of dc link voltage. Also the control approach offers the possibility of operating the FB-MMC from bi-polar dc link voltages; thus, creating new possibilities for building generic hybrid dc grids with reversible dc link voltage, where conventional line commutated current source converters can operate in conjunction with voltage source converters. Additionally the control approach improves dc fault ride-through of the FB-MMC compared with existing approaches. This is achieved by active control of the arm currents and cell capacitor voltages, and exploitation of the FB-MMC redundant switch states. FB-MMC operation with reversible DC link voltage and decoupled control of the cell capacitor voltages from the dc link voltage are demonstrated using simulations.
Gene enrichment using antibodies to DNA/RNA hybrids: purification and mapping of Dictyostelium discoideum rDNA (1978)

Antibodies, shown to be specific for DNA/RNA hybrids, have been covalently attached to CNBr-activated Sepharose. The resultant affinity resin specifically binds DNA/RNA hybrids and has been used to enrich for the DNA which codes for rRNA in the slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum. By utilizing the technique of R-loop formation, DNA molecules containing the rRNA genes were isolated from total nuclear DNA in a double-stranded form. These rDNA molecules, which were recovered by high salt elution from the affinity resin, were typically 15-40 kbp in length, and thus contained DNA sequences adjacent to the selected sequences coding for the 17S and 26S rRNAs. In addition, evidence has been obtained concerning the structure of Dictyostelium rDNA which agrees with the finding (Taylor et al. (1977) ICN-UCLA Symp. Mol. Cell. Biol. 8, 309-313) that the rDNA molecules are not covalently attached to the chromosomes of this organism.
Synthetic approach directed at 1-carbapenems and 1-carbapenams. (1980)

Displacement reactions of the acetoxy group in 4-acetoxy-2-azetidinone (2) with aluminum enolates afforded 4-alkylazetidinones 4a, 5a, 10 and 11. The conversion of these azetidinones into 1-carba-penem or -penam compounds was studied.
Propagation loss measurements in semiconductor microcavity ring and disk resonators (1998)

We report the measurement of cavity propagation losses in nearly single-mode semiconductor waveguide-coupled ring and disk microcavity optical resonators. Using a novel 10.5-/spl mu/m-diameter ring resonator, we measure transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) field intensity losses in 0.35-/spl mu/m-wide ring waveguide cavities in the 1.55-/spl mu/m-wavelength region. We present the experimental results for nanofabricated AlGaAs-GaAs 10.5-/spl mu/m-diameter ring and disk resonators to quantify cavity losses and to show the feasibility of these promising and robust submicron-scale devices.
Antisense oligonucleotides against α <sub>1E</sub> reduce R-type calcium currents in cerebellar granule cells (1998)

Many neurons of the central nervous system display multiple high voltage-activated Ca2+ currents, pharmacologically classified as L-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-type. Of these current types, the R-type is the least understood. The leading candidate for the molecular correlate of R-type currents in cerebellar granule cells is the alpha1E subunit, which yields Ca2+ currents very similar to the R-type when expressed in heterologous systems. As a complementary approach, we tested whether antisense oligonucleotides against alpha1E could decrease the expression of R-type current in rat cerebellar granule neurons in culture. Cells were supplemented with either antisense or sense oligonucleotides and whole-cell patch clamp recordings were obtained after 6-8 days in vitro. Incubation with alpha1E antisense oligonucleotide caused a 52.5% decrease in the peak R-type current density, from -10 +/- 0.6 picoamperes/picofarad (pA/pF) (n = 6) in the untreated controls to -4.8 +/- 0.8 pA/pF (n = 11) (P < 0.01). In contrast, no significant changes in the current expression were seen in sense oligonucleotide-treated cells (-11.3 +/- 3.2 pA/pF). The specificity of the alpha1E antisense oligonucleotides was supported by the lack of change in estimates of the P/Q current amplitude. Furthermore, antisense and sense oligonucleotides against alpha1A did not affect R-type current expression (-11.5 +/- 1.7 and -11.7 +/- 1.7 pA/pF, respectively), whereas the alpha1A antisense oligonucleotide significantly reduced whole cell currents under conditions in which P/Q current is dominant. Our results support the hypothesis that members of the E class of alpha1 subunits support the high voltage-activated R-type current in cerebellar granule cells.
Ferroelectric Liquid Crystals for Nonlinear Optics:  Orientation of the Disperse Red 1 Chromophore along the Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Polar Axis (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFerroelectric Liquid Crystals for Nonlinear Optics: Orientation of the Disperse Red 1 Chromophore along the Ferroelectric Liquid Crystal Polar Axis†David M. Walba, Daniel J. Dyer, Teresa Sierra, Peter L. Cobben, Renfan Shao, and Noel A. ClarkView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Optoelectronic Computing Systems Center Campus Box 215, University of Colorado Boulder, Colorado 80309-0215 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 5, 1211–1212Publication Date (Web):February 7, 1996Publication History Received19 July 1995Published online7 February 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja952387phttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja952387prapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Absorption,Chromophores,Liquid crystals,Mixtures,Polarization Get e-Alerts
Global optimization of multiplexed video encoders (2002)

An algorithm is presented for increasing the overall video quality of multiple variable rate video encoders multiplexed onto a single constant bit-rate channel. This enables an encoder, that is processing complex video, to use more of the channel bandwidth than an encoder that is compressing less complex video. The encoder rates are continually adapted. A rate controller determines the channel rate for each encoder as well as the target rate allocated to individual pictures encoded by the encoders. The target rates for individual pictures are computed in order to maintain constant quality across encoders while the encoder channel rates are derived so as to avoid encoder and decoder buffer underflow and overflow.
Influence of IMP copper flash layer on the properties of copper films deposited by metal organic chemical vapor deposition (1999)

We report for the first time the effect of a Cu flash layer sandwiched between copper film and TaN barrier layer on the properties of copper films. The structures studied, including a Cu film deposited by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition (MOCVD), Cu flash layer and TaN barrier by ionized metal plasma (IMP) technique on Si substrate with SiO<SUB>2</SUB>, were fabricated in a three-in-one system supplied by Applied Materials and characterized by x-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, adhesion test and stress measurement. By depositing a Cu flash layer with IMP technique prior to the MOCVD deposition, the properties of the MOCVD Cu films can be significantly improved. The <111> oriented diffraction intensity of the Cu film is found to increase, while the intensity of other direction diffraction <200> to decrease as the thickness of the Cu flash layer is increased. The adhesion strength of the CVD Cu film to the flash layer and TaN barrier metal, determined by scratch test and pull tester, is enhanced as the Cu flash layer becomes thicker. The root mean square roughness and the grain size of CVD Cu film is found sensitive to the Cu flash layer and can be optimized by monitoring the deposition of the Cu flash layer. In addition to these, some other properties of the Cu film and the mechanism for the improvement in the properties are also discussed.
Invisibilidade de crenças não cristãs na formação de professores de ensino religioso em Ouro Preto e Mariana. (2016)

Este trabalho tem como proposta apresentar reflexões a respeito da invisibilidade das\nreligiões e doutrinas não cristãs na formação de professores de Ensino Religioso nas\ncidades de Ouro Preto e Mariana, em Minas Gerais. Por meio de parceria\ninstitucionalizada, mas não formalizada, a Secretaria de Estado da Educação e a\nArquidiocese de Mariana se uniram para realizar os Encontros de Metodologia e\nFilosofia do Ensino Religioso, titulação quase homônima ao Curso de Metodologia e\nFilosofia do Ensino Religioso oferecida no passado pelo próprio Governo Estadual com\napoio das denominações religiosas, amparados pela Lei de Diretrizes e Bases da\nEducação Nacional - LDB. Nas cidades de Ouro Preto e Mariana, o Estado se valeu da\nSuperintendência Regional de Ensino - SRE/Ouro Preto para qualificar os docentes,\nformação realizada nas dependências da Igreja Católica Apostólica Romana.
Effects of Geldanamycin and Other Naturally Occurring Small Molecule Antagonists of Heat Shock Protein 90 on HER2 Protein Expression (2000)

Several natural product antibiotics, including herbimycin, geldanamycin, and radicicol, bind to an amino terminal nucleotide binding pocket in the heat shock protein Hsp90. Drug binding alters the conformation of Hsp90 and interferes with its ability to chaperone a distinct group of "client" proteins, including a number of transmembrane and soluble tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases. Prominent among the kinases dependent on Hsp90 is the ErbB family member HER2, which is frequently overexpressed in adenocarcinoma and is associated with a poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. Disruption of Hsp90 function promotes the proteasome-dependent and ubiquitin-mediated degradation of HER2, making small molecule chaperone antagonists exciting candidates for clinical development.
A tumor necrosis factor receptor loop peptide mimic inhibits bone destruction to the same extent as anti–tumor necrosis factor monoclonal antibody in murine collagen‐induced arthritis (2007)

The TNFalpha antagonist WP9QY would be a useful template for the development of small molecular inhibitors to prevent both inflammatory bone destruction and systemic bone loss in rheumatoid arthritis.
Target-specific Global Code Improvement: Principles and Applications (1994)

Current and future high-performance systems require language processors that can generate code that fully exploits the power of the underlying architecture. A key and necessary component of such language processors is a global code improver. This article describes the key principles behind the design and implementation of a global code improver that has been use to construct several high-quality compilers and other program transformation and analysis tools. The code improver, called vpo, employs a paradigm of compilation that has proven to be flexible and adaptableall code improving transformations are performed on a target-specific representation of the program. The aggressive use of this paradigm yields a code improver with several valuable properties. Four properties stand out. First, vpo is language and compiler independent. That is, it has been used to implement compilers for several different computer languages. For the C programming language, it has been used with several front ends each of which generates a different intermediate language. Second, because all code improvements are applied to a single low-level intermediate representation, phase ordering programs are minimized. Third, vpo is easily retargeted and handles a wide variety of architectures. In particular, vpo's structure allows new architectures and new implementations of existing architectures to be accommodated quickly and easily. Fourth and finally, because of its flexible structure, vpo has several other interesting uses in addition to its primary use in an optimizing compiler. This article describes the principles that have driven the design of vpo and the implications of these principles on vpo's implementation. The article concludes with a brief description of vpo's use as a back end with front ends for several different languages, and its use as a key component for the realization of several other applications.
Lapatinib: A Novel Dual Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor with Activity in Solid Tumors (2006)

Lapatinib has novel, dual tyrosine kinase inhibitory properties selective for factors overexpressed in some solid tumors. Results from preclinical and Phase I/II trials indicate activity in the treatment of solid tumors, especially advanced or metastatic breast cancer. Application for approval is anticipated pending results of ongoing Phase III trials.
Activation of the Murine Type II Transforming Growth Factor-β Receptor Gene (2002)

Previous studies demonstrated that differentiation of mouse embryonal carcinoma cells leads to transcriptional up-regulation of the mouse type II transforming growth factor-beta receptor (mTbetaR-II) gene. To elucidate the molecular mechanisms regulating transcription of this gene, we isolated the 5'-flanking region of the mTbetaR-II gene and characterized its expression in F9-differentiated cells. Analysis of mTbetaR-II promoter/reporter gene constructs demonstrates that two conserved Ets-binding sites play an important role in the activity of the mTbetaR-II promoter. Importantly, we present evidence that mElf-3, a member of the Ets family, plays a key role in the activation of the mTbetaR-II promoter. Northern blot analysis reveals that the steady-state levels of mTbetaR-II mRNA increase in parallel with those of mElf-3 mRNA during the differentiation of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells. We also demonstrate that mElf-3 contains one or more domains that influence its binding to DNA. Finally, we report that a single amino acid substitution in the transactivation domain of mElf-3 reduces its ability to transactivate and elevates its steady-state levels of expression. In conclusion, our data argue that mElf-3 plays a key role in the regulation of the mTbetaR-II gene, and Elf-3 itself is regulated at multiple levels.
Implementation of HF/UHF multiband RFID reader SiP with Package-on-Package technology (2008)

We have proposed a UHF/HF multi-band RFID reader, and we have implemented it into SiP with Package-on-Package technology. The proposed SiP RFID reader has been designed to support both for EPCgloabal Class1 Generation 2 protocol of UHF band, and 13.56 MHz RFID protocols of ISO14443 A/B type, and ISO15693 standards. The operating mode is controlled by embedded 32-bit RISC core, and the mode can be selected by users. The area of implemented SiP is 40 mm × 40 mm with 4 substrate layers. The implemented reader SiP operates at single supply voltage of 3.3V. The maximum current consumption is 210 mA. The measured operating distances are about 5cm for 13.56 MHz modes, and about 20 cm for UHF mode.
Nonlinear silicon photonics (2010)

The phrase ‘silicon photonics’ has captured the excitement and dynamic growth of a powerful, new integrated-optics technology.1 Use of silicon (Si) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) as an integrated photonics platform employs the high-refractiveindex contrast between both materials to dramatically reduce the dimensions of an integrated circuit as well as the tools and advances of modern CMOS to fabricate complex but scatterfree shapes. These advances have, until recently, focused largely on linear Si photonics. However, equally exciting progress can be realized with nonlinear-optical Si photonics. Much work in this area is based on nonlinear effects in so-called Si-photonic wires.2–5 These have ‘wire’ cross sections of 2.5dB for 10Gb/s NRZ-to-RZ-OOK converted signal. RZ: Return-to-zero format. Div.: Division. Si: Silicon.
An analysis on attacker actions in fingerprint-copy attack in source camera identification (2011)

Multimedia forensics deals with the analysis of multimedia data to gather information on their origin and authenticity through the use of specific tools. At this point an important question arises: how much reliable are these algorithms? In this work we have considered the technique presented in [1] where it is shown how source camera identification can be attacked. In particular, the problem investigated concerns the situation when an adversary estimates the sensor fingerprint from a set of images belonging to the person he wants to frame and superimposes it onto an image acquired by a different camera to charge the innocent victim as the author of that photo. In [1], a countermeasure against such attack, named Triangle Test, is introduced. In this paper we have analyzed if a more sophisticated action of the attacker can invalidate such countermeasure. Experimental results are provided to prove how hacker's action could be improved.