gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prediction Model of Bus Arrival and Departure Times Using AVL and APC Data (2004)

The emphasis of this research effort was on using AVL and APC dynamic data to develop a bus travel time model capable of providing real-time information on bus arrival and departure times to passengers (via traveler information services) and to transit controllers for the application of proactive control strategies. The developed model is comprised of two Kalman filter algorithms for the prediction of running times and dwell times alternately in an integrated framework. The AVL and APC data used were obtained for a specific bus route in Downtown Toronto. The performance of the developed prediction model was tested using “hold out” data and other data from a microsimulation model representing different scenarios of bus operation along the investigated route using the VISSIM microsimulation software package. The Kalman filter-based model outperformed other conventional models in terms of accuracy, demonstrating the dynamic ability to update itself based on new data that reflected the changing characteristics of the transit-operating environment. A user-interactive system was developed to provide continuous information on the expected arrival and departure times of buses at downstream stops, hence the expected deviations from schedule. The system enables the user to assess in real time transit stop-based control actions to avoid such deviations before their occurrence, hence allowing for proactive control, as opposed to the traditional reactive control, which attempts to recover the schedule after deviations occur.
Altered placental development and intrauterine growth restriction in IGF binding protein-1 transgenic mice (2002)

IGF binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) is a secretory product of decidualized endometrium and a major constituent of amniotic fluid.It is thought to modulate the actions of the IGFs on trophoblast cells and is therefore potentially important in regulating placental development and fetal growth.To investigate this hypothesis, we have studied the effects of decidual IGFBP-1 excess on fetoplacental growth in transgenic mice overexpressing human IGFBP-1.Endogenous fetal IGFBP-1 overexpression is associated with a transient impairment of fetal growth in midgestation.Maternal decidual IGFBP-1 excess is also associated with impaired fetal growth in midgestation independent of fetal genotype, indicating placental insufficiency.Our data also demonstrate that amniotic fluid IGFBP-1 is derived almost exclusively from maternal sources.Decidual IGFBP-1 overexpression has a marked effect on placental development.Placental morphology is abnormal in transgenic females due to altered trophoblast invasion and differentiation.These changes result in an increase in placental mass throughout pregnancy.This study provides the first compelling in vivo evidence that IGFBP-1 plays a role in placentation and suggests that IGFBP-1 has a pathological role in preeclampsia, a disorder characterized by shallow uterine invasion and altered placental development.
C2 Area Neurostimulation: A Surgical Treatment for Fibromyalgia (2007)

C2 area scalp stimulation may diminish pain and related symptoms in patients with FM.
Improved properties of chemically modified graphene/poly(methyl methacrylate) nanocomposites via a facile in-situ bulk polymerization (2012)

The nanosheet of graphene was chemically modified by long alkyl chain for enhanced compatibility with polymer matrix and graphene/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites with homogeneous dispersion of the nanosheets and enhanced nanofiller-matrix interfacial interaction were fabricated via a facile in-situ bulk polymerization. The nanocomposites were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetry. The results showed that the graphene nanosheets were fully exfoliated in PMMA matrix and the thermal and mechanical properties of the nanocomposites were significantly improved at low graphene loadings. Large shifts of 15C in the glass transition temperature and 27C improvement of onset thermal degradation temperature were achieved with graphene loading as low as 0.07 wt%. A 67% increase in tensile strength was also observed by the addition of only 0.5 wt% graphene. The method used in this study provided a novel route to other graphene-based polymers.
Trititanate Nanotubes Made via a Single Alkali Treatment (2002)

A new type of crystalline trititanate nanotube (see Figure and inside front cover for a 3D drawing) has been synthesized in a single alkali treatment. Novel formation mechanisms of the nanotubes are proposed based on a series of experiments. In the process, NaOH can be regarded as a catalyst and a reusable source. The synthetic method is extremely inexpensive and may be applied to synthesize other oxide nanostructures.
Correction of cardiac output obtained by Modelflow® from finger pulse pressure profiles with a respiratory method in humans (2004)

The beat-by-beat non-invasive assessment of cardiac output (Q litre x min(-1)) based on the arterial pulse pressure analysis called Modelflow can be a very useful tool for quantifying the cardiovascular adjustments occurring in exercising humans. Q was measured in nine young subjects at rest and during steady-state cycling exercise performed at 50, 100, 150 and 200 W by using Modelflow applied to the Portapres non-invasive pulse wave (Q(Modelflow)) and by means of the open-circuit acetylene uptake (Q(C2H2)). Q values were correlated linearly ( r = 0.784), but Bland-Altman analysis revealed that mean Q(Modelflow) - Q(C2H2) difference (bias) was equal to 1.83 litre x min(-1) with an S.D. (precision) of 4.11 litre x min(-1), and 95% limits of agreement were relatively large, i.e. from -6.23 to +9.89 litre x min(-1). Q(Modelflow) values were then multiplied by individual calibrating factors obtained by dividing Q(C2H2) by Q(Modelflow) for each subject measured at 150 W to obtain corrected Q(Modelflow) (Qcorrected) values. Qcorrected values were compared with the corresponding Q(C2H2) values, with values at 150 W ignored. Data were correlated linearly ( r = 0.931) and were not significantly different. The bias and precision were found to be 0.24 litre x min(-1) and 3.48 litre x min(-1) respectively, and 95% limits of agreement ranged from -6.58 to +7.05 litre x min(-1). In conclusion, after correction by an independent method, Modelflow was found to be a reliable and accurate procedure for measuring Q in humans at rest and exercise, and it can be proposed for routine purposes.
Autoxydationsstudien an N,N‐dialkylierten anilinderivaten (1966)

Abstract Die spontane Autoxydation N,N‐dialkylierter Arylamine verläuft langsam. Sie wird durch Essigsäure, Azoisobuttersäuredinitril (AIBN), Kobaltverbindungen, Benzylchlorid und Essigsäureanhydrid beschleunigt. Essigsäureanhydrid überführt die als Inhibitoren sehr wirksamen, durch oxydative Entalkylierung entstandenen sek. Amine in die als Inhibitoren wirkungslosen N‐Acetylderivate (Ausbeute bis 90%). Die bei der Autoxydation als Kettenträger wirksamen Aminohydroperoxyde I können (a) durch Kondensation in die Dialkylperoxyde II übergeführt und (b) durch Triphenylphosphin desoxygeniert werden. Die Amindialkylperoxyde II lassen sich in Substanz aus den Autoxydationsansätzen isolieren. AIBN löst unter Beteiligung von N‐CH‐Bindungen eine Autoxydationskette aus. Bei der Kobaltkatalyse greifen Co III ‐Ionen die tert. Amine an und leiten die Autoxydation ein. Organische Halogenide vom Typ des Benzylchlorids aktivieren die Autoxydation N,N‐dialkylierter Arylamine deutlich. Autoxydation und Polymerisation werden jedoch nicht durch eine Redox‐Reaktion zwischen tert. Amin und organischem Halogenid eingeleitet. Die Polymerisation wird wahrscheinlich durch Sauerstoffspuren ausgelöst. Die aus tert. Aminen und organischen Halogeniden gebildeten quartären Salze sind als Initiatoren von Autoxydation und Polymerisation wirkungslos. Die Wirkungsweise von Essigsäure und Benzylchlorid als Cokatalysatoren der Autoxydation ist noch unklar. Es werden die Zeit/Umsatz‐Kurven zahlreicher Autoxydations ‐und Polymerisations‐ansätze mitgeteilt und diskutiert sowie die bei der Oxydation gebildeten Verbindungen nach Art und Menge bestimmt.
Functional Consequences of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Therapy (2013)

Transplantation of vascular cells derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells mobilized endogenous progenitor cells into the BZ, attenuated regional wall stress, stimulated neovascularization, and improved BZ perfusion, which in turn resulted in marked increases in BZ contractile function and ATP turnover rate.
Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Predict Sentinel Lymph Node Positivity in Patients With Cutaneous Melanoma (2007)

The absence of TILs, together with increasing Breslow thickness, presence of ulceration and male sex, predicts SLN metastasis in patients undergoing SLN biopsy for primary cutaneous melanoma.
Chelation-Enhanced Circular Dichroism of Tripodal Bisporphyrin Ligands (2007)

A chiral tripodal ligand readily prepared from primary amines that contains two monosubstituted tetraphenylporphyrin (TPP) moieties is described. Complexation with Cu(II) in the presence of NH4SCN gives a fully metalated porphyrin and tripodal ligand complex. The free ligand shows a weak circular dichroism (CD) signal, but metalation gives a strong exciton-coupled CD spectrum. Reduction of the Cu(II) complex results in loss of CD signal.
Hypervalent siloxane derivatives. An alternative to Stille and Suzuki couplings (2000)

Abstract Siloxane methodology is extended to couplings with iodo- and bromoanilines, hindered arylbromides, and substituted siloxanes as substrates. Additionally, initial studies with 5-bromoindole and other heteroaromatics suggest that the siloxane-mediated cross coupling methodology will also be applicable in these systems.
Three-Dimensional Micrometer-Scale Modeling of Quenching in High-Aspect-Ratio $\hbox{YBa}_{2}\hbox{Cu}_{3}\hbox{O}_{7 - \delta}$ Coated Conductor Tapes—Part I: Model Development and Validation (2010)

YBa <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Cu <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7-δ</sub> coated conductors have very slow normal-zone propagation velocity, which renders quench detection and protection very difficult. To develop effective quench detection methods, it is paramount to study the underlying behavior that drives quench propagation at the micrometer-scale level. Toward this end, numerical mixed-dimensional models, composed of multiple high-aspect-ratio thin layers, are developed. The high-aspect-ratio modeling issues are tackled by approximating the thin layers either as a 2-D surface or as an analytical contact resistance interior boundary condition, which also acts as a coupling bridge between the 2-D and 3-D behaviors. The tape models take into account the thermal and electrical physics of each layer in actual conductor dimensions and are implemented using commercial finite-element analysis software. In the first part of this two-part paper, the mixed-dimensional models are introduced and then computationally and experimentally validated. Validations are gauged by comparisons in normal-zone propagation velocity and in the time-dependent voltage and temperature profiles. Results show that the mixed-dimensional models can not only effectively address the high-aspect-ratio modeling issues of thin films but also accurately and efficiently reproduce physical quench phenomena in a coated conductor.
The virtual sailor: An implementation of interactive human body modeling (2002)

The primary focus of the Virtual Sailor project is the creation of virtual actors, for training and other applications where human figures must be coordinated. By the term virtual actor is meant computer animated figures that can mimic human beings in physical form, function and behavior. The underlying techniques and software systems for creating the skin, bone, and muscles of aspects of interactive human body models are discussed. The approach combines a kinematic description of the human skeletal system with a finite element model of the skin and soft tissue of the face. A set of numerical techniques is presented that allows implementation of these models efficiently so that they can be used in a real-time simulation environment. To animate these figures, a set of control systems to mimic basic human behaviors is being formulated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new approach to front-end electronics interfacing in the ATLAS experiment (2016)

For new detector and trigger systems to be installed in the ATLAS experiment after LHC Run 2, a new approach will be followed for Front-End electronics interfacing. The FELIX (Front-End LInk eXchange) system will function as gateway connecting: on one side to detector and trigger electronics links, as well as providing timing and trigger (TTC) information; and on the other side a commodity switched network built using standard technology (either Ethernet or Infiniband). The new approach is described in this paper, and results achieved so far are presented.
Enhanced phase stability for a Raman free-electron laser amplifier in the exponential growth regime (1995)

The wave propagation number for the growing wave of a free-electron laser in the exponential growth regime is a complicated function of electron beam current and voltage. As a result if the electron beam voltage drifts the imaginary part of the propagation number in general will change too, leading to a change in the radio-frequency phase of the output power. For typical gains, the two largest contributions to the shift in the imaginary component of the propagation constant are due to the change in the beam’s reduced plasma wave number and the change in the detuning from resonance. This paper demonstrates that these changes can be made to cancel each other with the correct selection of plasma reduction factor and initial detuning from resonance if the interaction strength is weakly dependent on beam velocity, leading to a device that is first-order phase and gain stable under voltage fluctuations. The analysis is performed for the axial free-electron laser interaction and the results also apply for transverse-coupling free-electron lasers.
The Multivariable Method in Singular Perturbation Analysis (1975)

An account is given of the use and justification of the multivariable method in the analysis of representative problems taken from three commonly occurring classes of singular perturbation problems involving differential equations.
Sleep apnea syndrome. (1985)

Sleep apnea syndrome is estimated to affect as many as 2 to 3 percent of the adult male population. Excessive snoring and daytime sleepiness are but a few of the many clues to diagnosis. The hypoxemia occurring as a result of apnea may lead to pulmonary hypertension. Depressed respiratory center neural output or upper airway occlusion during sleep may cause the apnea. There are a number of treatment options available.
Intron DNA Sequences Can Be More Important Than the Proximal Promoter in Determining the Site of Transcript Initiation (2017)

To more precisely define the positions from which certain intronic regulatory sequences increase mRNA accumulation, the effect of a <i>UBIQUITIN</i> intron on gene expression was tested from six different positions surrounding the transcription start site (TSS) of a reporter gene fusion in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> The intron increased expression from all transcribed positions but had no effect when upstream of the 5'-most TSS. While this implies that the intron must be transcribed to increase expression, the TSS changed when the intron was located in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR), suggesting that the intron affects transcription initiation. Remarkably, deleting 303 nucleotides of the promoter including all known TSSs and all but 18 nucleotides of the 5'-UTR had virtually no effect on the level of gene expression as long as an intron containing stimulatory sequences was included. Instead, transcription was initiated in normally untranscribed sequences the same distance upstream of the intron as when the promoter was intact. These results suggest that certain intronic DNA sequences play unexpectedly large roles in directing transcription initiation and constitute a previously unrecognized type of downstream regulatory element for genes transcribed by RNA polymerase II.
Predictors of Depression Among Lesbian Women (2000)

ABSTRACT There is a paucity of research on depression and lesbian women. This is surprising given that large numbers of women experience depressive episodes and lesbian women in particular face an increased number of stressors related to their sexual orientation. This study explored how social support from family, social support from friends, relationship involvement, and sexual orientation disclosure related to and predicted depression for a sample of lesbian women. Information from 117 questionnaires was compiled from self-identified lesbians recruited through various lesbian-positive groups and snowball sampling. Results indicated significantly lower depression rates for women who were in a relationship and moderate negative correlations between depression and social support from family, social support from friends, and sexual orientation disclosure. Standard multiple regression analysis showed that 38% of the variability in depression scores was predicted by knowing the scores on the four independent variables. These results suggest that each of the independent variables has a significant effect on level of depression for lesbian women in the sample.
Sodium fluoride induces nephrotoxicity via oxidative stress-regulated mitochondrial SIRT3 signaling pathway (2017)

Accumulation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of fluorosis. As the main mitochondrial deacetylase, SIRT3 is closely associated with oxidative stress. To investigate the role of SIRT3 in response to sodium fluoride (NaF)-induced nephrotoxicity. Our results showed that NaF treatment impaired mitochondrial ultrastructure, decreased cell viability and increased apoptosis in TCMK-1 cells. Oxidative stress, detected by mROS and 8-Hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were higher in NaF-treated cells, accompanied by decreased level of reduced glutathione (GSH). NaF reduces manganese superoxide dismutase (SOD2) expression through SIRT3-mediated DNA-binding activity of FoxO3a and decrease SOD2 activity by inhibiting SIRT3-mediated deacetylation. These effects were ameliorated by overexpression of SIRT3. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator 1a (PGC-1α) interacted with nuclear factor erythroid 2 (NF-E2)-related factor 2 (NRF2) that bound to SIRT3 promoter to regulate SIRT3 expression. The study provides new insights into a critical NRF2/PGC-1α-SIRT3 pathway in response to NaF-induced nephritic oxidative injury. In vivo treatment of SIRT3-expressing adenovirus protects against NaF-induced nephritic injury in mice. Moreover, mechanistic study revealed that ERK1/2 activation was associated with increased apoptosis induced by NaF. In conclusion, these data shedding light on new approaches for treatment of NaF-induced nephrotoxicity.
Enhanced Reversible Photoswitching of Azobenzene-Functionalized Graphene Oxide Hybrids (2010)

An enhanced photoinduced reversible switching of graphene oxide-azobenzene (GO-AZO) hybrid was investigated as a highly sensitive photoswitch. The internal short-range ordered crystalline structure of GO-AZO hybrid was advantageous to charge transfer. The AZO moieties on GO underwent a rapid trans-cis photoisomerization upon ultraviolet irradiation due to the electron interaction between AZO and GO. The GO-AZO hybrid film showed an enhanced reversible photoswitching performance with high on/off ratio of 8 and fast response time less than 500 ms. The high sensitivity of GO-AZO switch arises from the intramolecular donor-acceptor architecture with efficient charge transfer.
Discovering Golden Nuggets: Data Mining in Financial Application (2004)

With the increase of economic globalization and evolution of information technology, financial data are being generated and accumulated at an unprecedented pace. As a result, there has been a critical need for automated approaches to effective and efficient utilization of massive amount of financial data to support companies and individuals in strategic planning and investment decision-making. Data mining techniques have been used to uncover hidden patterns and predict future trends and behaviors in financial markets. The competitive advantages achieved by data mining include increased revenue, reduced cost, and much improved marketplace responsiveness and awareness. There has been a large body of research and practice focusing on exploring data mining techniques to solve financial problems. In this paper, we describe data mining in the context of financial application from both technical and application perspectives. In addition, we compare different data mining techniques and discuss important data mining issues involved in specific financial applications. Finally, we highlight a number of challenges and trends for future research in this area.
High-Repetition-Rate Grazing-Incidence Pumped X-Ray Laser Operating at 18.9 nm (2005)

We have demonstrated a 10 Hz Ni-like Mo x-ray laser operating at 18.9 nm with 150 mJ total pump energy by employing a novel pumping scheme. The grazing-incidence scheme is described, where a picosecond pulse is incident at a grazing angle to a Mo plasma column produced by a slab target irradiated by a 200 ps laser pulse. This scheme uses refraction of the short pulse at a predetermined electron density to increase absorption to pump a specific gain region. The higher coupling efficiency inherent to this scheme allows a reduction in the pump energy where 70 mJ long pulse energy and 80 mJ short pulse energy are sufficient to produce lasing at a 10 Hz repetition rate. Under these conditions and by optimizing the delay between the pulses, we achieve strong amplification and close to saturation for 4 mm long targets.