gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of surfactants in Ge and Si epitaxy on Si(001) (1990)

Epitaxial growth of heterolayers has in the past relied on optimization of growth conditions to overcome thermodynamic obstacles. When there is an intrinsic tendency of a heterolayer to either island or interdiffuse, a common strategy is to lower the growth temperature and increase the growth rate to reduce surface mobility. An alternative strategy is to introduce a surface-active species (surfactant) that modifies the growth mode without significant levels of incorporation. This paper discusses the application of As and Sb surfactants to the growth of Ge/Si(001) and Si/GeSi(001). Results from analysis by medium-energy ion scattering, x-ray photoemission, and ultraviolet photoemission are reported. By using a surfactant, island formation is suppressed in the growth of both Ge/Si(001) and Si/Ge/Si(001), resulting in thick, epitaxial films.
Increased Cardiomyocyte Apoptosis and Changes in Proapoptotic and Antiapoptotic Genes <i>bax</i> and <i>bcl</i> -2 During Left Ventricular Adaptations to Chronic Pressure Overload in the Rat (1999)

These data suggest that in response to chronic pressure overload, cardiomyocyte-specific apoptosis contributed to the transition from LVH to LVD. LVH and LVD were accompanied by a dramatic cardiomyocyte upregulation of the proapoptotic gene bax and reduced bcl-2/bax ratio, predisposing cardiomyocytes to apoptosis.
A Safety Evaluation of DAS181, a Sialidase Fusion Protein, in Rodents (2011)

DAS181 is a novel inhaled drug candidate blocking influenza virus (IFV) and parainfluenza virus (PIV) infections through removal of sialic acid receptors from epithelial surface of the respiratory tract. To support clinical development, a 28-day Good Laboratory Practices inhalation toxicology study was conducted in Sprague-Dawley rats. In this study, achieved average daily doses based on exposure concentrations were 0.47, 0.90, 1.55, and 3.00 mg/kg/day of DAS181 in a dry powder formulation. DAS181 was well tolerated at all dose levels, and there were no significant toxicological findings. DAS181 administration did not affect animal body weight, food consumption, clinical signs, ophthalmology, respiratory parameters, or organ weight. Gross pathology evaluations were unremarkable. Histological examination of the lungs was devoid of pulmonary tissue damage, and findings were limited to mild and transient changes indicative of exposure and clearance of a foreign protein. DAS181 did not show any cytotoxic effects on human and animal primary cells, including hepatocytes, skeletal muscle cells, osteoblasts, or respiratory epithelial cells. DAS181 did not cause direct or indirect hemolysis. A laboratory abnormality observed in the 28-day toxicology study was mild and transient anemia in male rats at the 3.00 mg/kg dose, which is an expected outcome of enhanced clearance of desialylated red blood cells resulting from systemic exposure with DAS181. Another laboratory observation was a transient dose-dependent elevation in alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which can be attributed to reduced ALP clearance resulting from increased protein desialylation due to DAS181 systemic exposure. These laboratory parameters returned to normal at the end of the recovery period.
Optimized Resource Matching for uploading bits in a PaaS Cloud (2017)

Cloud Computing is gaining momentum every day as most companies are adopting cloud for their business. Cloud computing provides different kinds of service models: Infrastructure-as-a-Service, Platform-as-a-Service and Software-as-a-Service. Different organizations provide different solutions for each kind of cloud service model. Since the cloud services are used by most of the businesses, it needs to be very fast, accurate, easy to use, secure and fault tolerant. In this thesis, we improve the performance of a PaaS cloud called Bluemix, developed by IBM. Along with the performance, we improve the overall experience of the developers using a PaaS cloud for uploading their applications. Bluemix is used by developers to create, store, manage and run their applications. Developers create their application and push it to Bluemix to run the latest version of the application. We research on the algorithm behind the push mechanism of applications. This algorithm is know as the "file synchronization" algorithm. File Synchronization in PaaS cloud has three main components: Client, Server and Blobstore. These three components are connected to each other via network. Therefore, network latency and bandwidth are major factors deciding the performance of an approach for file synchronization. The goal of this thesis is to improve the overall user experience and performance of file synchronization in a PaaS cloud. To this end, we survey different solutions available for the file synchronization. One of the prominent examples is Rsync. We formally describe and evaluate the three suggested approaches for file synchronization in PaaS cloud in this thesis. We test the performance of the three approaches with different types of cache. We compare these approaches with the currently implemented approach. We measure the performance of an approach by measuring the total time of file synchronization, total bandwidth usage, total amount of storage used and the speed of synchronization. After evaluating all the approaches including the existing one, on the former metrics, we have successfully reduced the total time of synchronization, total storage and total bandwidth usage by a significant amount.
Classification of Encrypted Traffic With Second-Order Markov Chains and Application Attribute Bigrams (2017)

With a profusion of network applications, traffic classification plays a crucial role in network management and policy-based security control. The widely used encryption transmission protocols, such as the secure socket layer/transport layer security (SSL/TLS) protocols, lead to the failure of traditional payload-based classification methods. Existing methods for encrypted traffic classification cannot achieve high discrimination accuracy for applications with similar fingerprints. In this paper, we propose an attribute-aware encrypted traffic classification method based on the second-order Markov Chains. We start by exploring approaches that can further improve the performance of existing methods in terms of discrimination accuracy, and make promising observations that the application attribute bigram, which consists of the certificate packet length and the first application data size in SSL/TLS sessions, contributes to application discrimination. To increase the diversity of application fingerprints, we develop a new method by incorporating the attribute bigrams into the second-order homogeneous Markov chains. Extensive evaluation results show that the proposed method can improve the classification accuracy by 29% on the average compared with the state-of-the-art Markov-based method.
Ternary complex formation between HvMYBS3 and other factors involved in transcriptional control in barley seeds (2006)

The SHAQKYF R1MYB transcription factor (TF) HvMYBS3 from barley is an activator of gene expression both during endosperm development and in aleurone cells upon seed germination. Its mRNA was detected as early as 10 days after flowering in developing barley endosperm, with a peak at 18 days, and in aleurone cells at 8 h after water imbibition, as shown by Northern blot and in situ hybridization analyses. The HvMYBS3 protein expressed in bacteria binds to oligonucleotides containing a GATA core derived from the promoters of: (i) the developing endosperm gene Itr1 (5'-GATAAGATA-3') encoding trypsin inhibitor BTI-CMe, and (ii) the post-germinating aleurone gene Amy6.4 (5'-TATCCAC-3'/5'-GTGGATA-3') encoding a high-pI alpha-amylase. Transient expression experiments in co-bombarded developing endosperms and in barley aleurone layers demonstrated that HvMYBS3 trans-activated transcription both from Itr1 and Amy6.4 promoters, in contrast with a previously reported seed-expressed R1MYB, HvMCB1, which was an activator of Itr1 and a transcriptional repressor of the Amy6.4 gene. In the yeast three-hybrid system, the HvMYBS3 protein formed a ternary complex with BPBF and BLZ2, two important seed TFs. However, no binary interactions could be detected between HvMYBS3 and BLZ2 or between HvMYBS3 and BPBF.
A 0.5 mu m isolation technology using advanced polysilicon pad LOCOS (APPL) (2003)

A novel, simple LOCOS (local oxidation of silicon) technology has been developed for 0.5- mu m MOS devices. Using the technology, channel-stop implantation and deep-channel implantation are performed simultaneously after field oxidation. These self-aligned implantations eliminate the lateral diffusion of the channel stop impurities, thus suppressing narrow-width effects. Moreover, the body effects is also minimized because of the optimized impurity profile in the channel region.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Settling Indigenous Claims to Protected Areas: Weighing Māori Aspirations Against Australian Experiences (2014)

Efforts to resolve indigenous peoples' grievances about the negative impacts of protected areas established on their customary estates by governments are driving the development of shared governance and management. The Tϋhoe people have sought that the settlement of their grievances against the New Zealand government include unencumbered rights to manage Te Urewera, guided by scientific and traditional knowledge and practices, for conservation and social benefits for the Tϋhoe people and the broader public. We led a study tour to allow Tϋhoe and other Mβori representatives to gain first-hand experience of long-standing jointly managed protected areas in Australia that the New Zealand government had drawn on in proposing mechanisms to resolve the Tϋhoe claim. We found that these areas were a poor fit to the study tour participants' aspirations that indigenous world views would underpin governance and that indigenous people would be empowered. Our findings highlight that settlement must be transformational in terms of attitudes and relationships. Collaborative problem-solving processes that build trust can contribute. In areas like Te Urewera, where tenure boundaries fragment a landscape that is a coherent whole in indigenous world views, settlement processes can offer the prospect of landscape-scale outcomes for social justice and conservation.
Biomolecule assisted self-assembly of π-conjugated oligomers (2010)

The present feature article gives an overview of the area of controlled self-assembly of electronically interesting π-conjugated oligomers by exploiting principles of suprastructure formation abundant in nature.
Winston Churchill: A Study in the Popular Novel (1950)

WINSTON CHURCHILL, a writer as highly regarded during the Progressive era as his British namesake is now,2 was for almost two decades the most popular novelist in America. In ten of the years between 1899 and 1917 his books were at or near the head of the best-seller lists. Only one of his nine novels failed to rank among the top ten; five led the annual list, two were second, one was third.3 Churchill, moreover, was the only novelist of this period to write successfully in two seemingly antithetical genres. His first triumph came during the vogue of historical romances that flourished at the turn of the century; and when romances were superseded by politi-
The Cyclization of β-(4-Carboxy-3-indole)-propionic Acids (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Cyclization of β-(4-Carboxy-3-indole)-propionic AcidsFrederick C. Uhle, Charles M. McEwen Jr., Herbert Schröter, Ching Yuan, and Bryan W. BakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 5, 1200–1207Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01490a042https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01490a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Stimulation of epidermal growth by the egg white and yolk. (1985)

It was found that white and yolk of the egg stimulated DNA synthesis of chick embryo epidermal culture. The epidermis cultured with yolk grew well in a manner similar to that with chick embryo extract, but the culture with egg white was poorer in growth than that with yolk. The mitogenic activity of egg white was inactivated by a heat treatment at 70 degrees C, while yolk was more heat-resistant. A heat-stable yolk fraction (hY fraction) which stimulated DNA synthesis of chick embryo epidermis was isolated by heat treatment at 98 degrees C. The mitogenic activity was enhanced by the addition of both egg white and hY fraction in the culture medium. The enhancement of epidermal growth by such an addition was confirmed by histological observations of the cultured epidermis. In embryonic skin, the growth and differentiation of epidermis is influenced by the nature of mesenchyme is proximity to the epidermal cells. The epidermis isolated from dermis does not grow or differentiate when cultivated in a chemically defined medium, although the tissue in whole skin does grow in the same medium. However, the isolated epidermis proliferates on non-living substrate such as membrane filter or collagen gel when cultured in a medium which contains chick embryo extract. This epidermal growth promoting property of chick embryo extract is inactivated by heat treatment or trypsin digestion.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Human red blood cell deformed under thermal fluid flow (2006)

The flow-induced mechanical deformation of a human red blood cell (RBC) during thermal transition between room temperature and 42.0 degrees C is interrogated by laser tweezer experiments. Based on the experimental geometry of the deformed RBC, the surface stresses are determined with the aid of computational fluid dynamics simulation. It is found that the RBC is more deformable while heating through 37.0 degrees C to 42.0 degrees C, especially at a higher flow velocity due to a thermal-fluid effect. More importantly, the degree of RBC deformation is irreversible and becomes softer, and finally reaches a plateau (at a uniform flow velocity U > 60 microm s(-1)) after the heat treatment, which is similar to a strain-hardening dominated process. In addition, computational simulated stress is found to be dependent on the progression of thermotropic phase transition. Overall, the current study provides new insights into the highly coupled temperature and hydrodynamic effects on the biomechanical properties of human erythrocyte in a model hydrodynamic flow system.
Efficacy of Root Canal Preparation by Er,Cr:YSGG Laser Irradiation with Crown-Down Technique <i>in Vitro</i> (2005)

The results demonstrated that root canal preparations with the laser device were significantly worse than in the control group. Further development in laser device and technique are required to ensure its success in root canal preparation.
Remote force control of robot using PHANToM haptic model and force sensor (2002)

The master slave control is a technique often used when controlling a remote robot. In this technique, the operator can work while he notices the force which is added to the robot. However, when the taken time in the communication between the robot (the slave) and the operator (the master) is long, accurate control becomes difficult. This research aims to generate the force environment using the posture of the robot and the value detected with the sensor. With this, even if the communication time was long, the operator could operate a robot appropriately while he sensed the force added to the robot.
How should diuretic-refractory, volume-overloaded heart failure patients be managed? (2003)

Hospitalization is often required for patients with decompensated heart failure, usually with volume overload. Intravenous diuretics are recommended to optimize volume status; however, the management of patients refractory to diuretic therapy is not addressed in American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology, European Society of Cardiology or Heart Failure Society of America guidelines. This review focuses the invasive/interventional cardiologist on the rationale for greater involvement in the care of patients admitted to the hospital with decompensated volume overload, in particular when such patients are diuretic refractory.
A system-on-chip for bi-directional point-to-multipoint wireless digital audio applications (2005)

A single-chip transceiver for wireless digital audio applications is realized in a 0.25 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process. To avoid the congested 2.4 GHz band and to achieve better penetration through walls, 863 and 915 MHz bands are adopted. The frame structure used in this design guarantees a low latency for streaming audio. Adaptive frequency hopping and antenna diversity ensure robust link management.
Triple-Nucleoside Regimens versus Efavirenz-Containing Regimens for the Initial Treatment of HIV-1 Infection (2004)

In this trial of the initial treatment of HIV-1 infection, the triple-nucleoside combination of abacavir, zidovudine, and lamivudine was virologically inferior to a regimen containing efavirenz and two or three nucleosides.
Uncertainty forecasts improve weather-related decisions and attenuate the effects of forecast error. (2011)

Although uncertainty is inherent in weather forecasts, explicit numeric uncertainty estimates are rarely included in public forecasts for fear that they will be misunderstood. Of particular concern are situations in which precautionary action is required at low probabilities, often the case with severe events. At present, a categorical weather warning system is used. The work reported here tested the relative benefits of several forecast formats, comparing decisions made with and without uncertainty forecasts. In three experiments, participants assumed the role of a manager of a road maintenance company in charge of deciding whether to pay to salt the roads and avoid a potential penalty associated with icy conditions. Participants used overnight low temperature forecasts accompanied in some conditions by uncertainty estimates and in others by decision advice comparable to categorical warnings. Results suggested that uncertainty information improved decision quality overall and increased trust in the forecast. Participants with uncertainty forecasts took appropriate precautionary action and withheld unnecessary action more often than did participants using deterministic forecasts. When error in the forecast increased, participants with conventional forecasts were reluctant to act. However, this effect was attenuated by uncertainty forecasts. Providing categorical decision advice alone did not improve decisions. However, combining decision advice with uncertainty estimates resulted in the best performance overall. The results reported here have important implications for the development of forecast formats to increase compliance with severe weather warnings as well as other domains in which one must act in the face of uncertainty.
Catalysts made of earth-abundant elements (Co, Ni, Fe) for water splitting: Recent progress and future challenges (2012)

This article reviews recent significant advances in the field of water splitting. Catalysts play very important roles in two half reactions of water splitting - water reduction and water oxidation. Considering potential future applications, catalysts made of cheap and earth abundant element(s) are especially important for economically viable energy conversion. This article focuses only on catalysts made of cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni) and iron (Fe) elements for water reduction and water oxidation. Different series of catalysts that can be applied in electrocatalytic and photocatalytic water spitting are discussed in detail and their catalytic mechanisms are introduced. Finally, the future outlook and perspective of catalysts made of earth abundant elements will be discussed.
MPOE Prefiltering with Statistical Channel Model for DS-CDMA Systems (2007)

In order to reduce the complexity of the mobile receiver, we develop a linear preceding filter based only on the statistical knowledge of the channel. Moreover, the proposed prefilter (precoder) is based on minimizing the probability of error in downlink multiuser transmission. We investigate two approaches for the proposed algorithm. In the first approach we consider a common FIR preceding filter for all users, and jointly minimize the probability of error of all users. In the second approach, we assume separate precoders for each user which are obtained by minimizing the probability of error for the respective user. In order to fully utilize the knowledge available at the transmitter, in both the approaches, the filter weights are computed conditioned on the transmitted bit vector sequence. This also makes the computation of the optimal prefilter coefficients linear in the number of users. We compare the results of the proposed approach, with results based on assuming complete knowledge of the channel. Simulation results clearly show that precoders based only on the statistical knowledge of channel, do provide acceptable BERs. Moreover, individual precoders provide better BER as compared to joint precoders.
Protected gap closing in Josephson junctions constructed on <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>Bi</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Te</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> surface (2018)

On the road of searching for Majorana zero modes (MZMs) in topological insulator-based Josephson junctions, a highly sought signature is the protected full transparency of electron transport through the junctions due to the existence of the MZMs, associated with complete gap closing between the electronlike and holelike Andreev bound states (ABSs). Here we present direct experimental evidence of gap closing and full transparency in single Josephson junctions constructed on the surface of three-dimensional topological insulator (3D TI) ${\mathrm{Bi}}_{2}{\mathrm{Te}}_{3}$. Our results demonstrate that the two-dimensional (2D) surface of 3D TIs provides a promising platform for hosting and manipulating MZMs.
Advances in microstrip and printed antennas (1997)

Probe-Fed Microstrip Antennas (K. Lee, et al.). Aperture-Coupled Multilayer Microstrip Antennas (K. Luk, et al.). Microstrip Arrays: Analysis, Design, and Applications (J. Huang & D. Pozar). Dual and Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antennas (P. Hall & J. Dahele). Computer-Aided Design of Rectangular Microstrip Antennas (D. Jackson, et al.). Multifunction Printed Antennas (J. James & G. Andrasic). Superconducting Microstrip Antennas (J. Williams, et al.). Active Microstrip Antennas (J. Navarro & K. Chang). Tapered Slot Antenna (R. Lee & R. Simons). Efficient Modeling of Microstrip Antennas Using the Finite-Difference Time-Domain Method (S. Chebolu, et al.). Analysis of Dielectric Resonator Antennas (K. Luk, et al.). References. Index.