gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chitosan‐induced phospholipase A<sub>2</sub> activation and arachidonic acid mobilization in P388D<sub>1</sub> macrophages (2000)

We have found that chitosan, a polysaccharide present in fungal cell walls, is able to activate macrophages for enhanced mobilization of arachidonic acid in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Studies aimed at identifying the intracellular effector(s) implicated in chitosan-induced arachidonate release revealed the involvement of the cytosolic Group IV phospholipase A2 (PLA2), as judged by the inhibitory effect of methyl arachidonoyl fluorophosphonate but not of bromoenol lactone. Interestingly, priming of the macrophages with lipopolysaccharide renders the cells more sensitive to a subsequent stimulation with chitosan, and this enhancement is totally blocked by the secretory PLA2 inhibitor 3-(3-acetamide)-1-benzyl-2-ethylindolyl-5-oxy-propanesulfonic acid (LY311727). Collectively, the results of this work establish chitosan as a novel macrophage-activating factor that elicits AA mobilization in P388D1 macrophages by a mechanism involving the participation of two distinct phospholipases A2.
Extraction of Cesium from Acidic Nitrate Media Using Macrocyclic Polyethers : The Role of Organic Phase Water* (1996)

ABSTRACT A simple correlation has been observed between the extraction of cesium nitrate from nitric acid solution by several macrocyclic polyethers dissolved in any of a variety of oxygenated, aliphatic diluents and the concentration of water present in the organic phase. This correlation is attributed, in part, to the extraction of the hydrated nitrate anion and its solvation by the diluent, facilitated by the high concentrations of dissolved water. Cation solvation by the diluent is also shown to play an important role in determining the efficiency of extraction. As was the case for strontium extraction by dicyclohexano-18-crown-6 and its derivatives, the highest distribution ratios for cesium are typically obtained for C-5 and C-6 alcohols and ketones.
Broadband measurement of rate-dependent viscoelasticity at nanoscale using scanning probe microscope: Poly(dimethylsiloxane) example (2008)

A control approach to achieve nanoscale broadband viscoelastic measurement using scanning probe microscope (SPM) is reported. Current SPM-based force measurement is too slow to measure rate-dependent phenomena, and large (temporal) measurement errors can be generated when the sample itself changes rapidly. The recently developed model-less inversion-based iterative control technique is used to eliminate the dynamics and hysteresis effects of the SPM hardware on the measurements, enabling rapid excitation and measurement of rate-dependent material properties. The approach is illustrated by the mechanical characterization of poly(dimethylsiloxane) over a broad frequency range of three orders of magnitude (∼1 Hz to 4.5 KHz).
A Secure Framework for Monitoring Operating Systems Using SPEs in Cell/B.E. (2012)

Recently, even operating systems are often compromised by the attackers. Since a compromised operating system affects all the applications including security software on top of it, the integrity of the operating system should be guaranteed. However, it is difficult to monitor the operating system securely. In this paper, we propose SPE Observer, which is a framework for securely monitoring operating systems using SPEs in Cell/B.E. SPE Observer guarantees the integrity and confidentiality of monitoring systems by the isolation mode of SPEs. To complement the isolation mode, SPE Observer monitors the running status of monitoring systems from an external security proxy. In addition, it schedules monitoring systems to mitigate the performance degradation of applications due to occupying SPEs. We have implemented SPE Observer in PlayStation 3 and developed the integrity monitor of the operating system. According to our experiments, it was shown that the integrity monitor on an SPE could detect a compromised operating system and that the application performance was dramatically improved by scheduling the integrity monitor.
Supported Phospholipid Bilayers Prepared by the "LB/Vesicle Method": A Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopic Study on Structure and Stability (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSupported Phospholipid Bilayers Prepared by the "LB/Vesicle Method": A Fourier Transform Infrared Attenuated Total Reflection Spectroscopic Study on Structure and StabilityPeter Wenzl, Marianna Fringeli, Jeannette Goette, and Urs Peter FringeliCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 11, 4253–4264Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00023a056https://doi.org/10.1021/la00023a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Apparatus for the Study of In Situ Gas Evolution in Li-Ion Pouch Cells (2014)

An apparatus was built to make accurate and precise in situ measurements of the volumes of gas evolved in Li-ion pouch cells during operation. With a thin film load cell accurately measuring the weight of a cell submerged in a fluid, the volume of a pouch cell can be precisely monitored using Archimedes' Principle. Examples showing the utility and sensitivity of the device have been selected from measurements made during the formation cycle (very first charge and discharge) of Li[Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3]O2/graphite (NMC) Li-ion pouch cells. Gas production occurs at the very beginning of the formation cycle but quickly stops for cells containing a variety of electrolytes. The volume of the pouch cell then decreases with time. The testing of cells with various electrolyte additives indicated that the common additive, vinylene carbonate, is very effective at reducing the amount of gas formed during formation, but the best results among the additives reported here were obtained by using a combination of 2% vinylene carbonate and 2% prop-1-ene 1,3-sultone. The additives vinyl ethylene carbonate and ethylene sulfite were found to delay the onset of gas production during formation.
Distributed Rate Allocation for Wireless Networks (2011)

This paper develops a distributed algorithm for rate allocation in wireless networks that achieves the same throughput region as optimal centralized algorithms. This cross-layer algorithm jointly performs medium access control and physical-layer rate adaptation. The paper establishes that this algorithm is throughput-optimal for general rate regions. In contrast to on-off scheduling, rate allocation enables optimal utilization of physical-layer schemes by scheduling multiple rate levels. The algorithm is based on local queue-length information, and thus the algorithm is of significant practical value. An important application of this algorithm is in multiple-band multiple-radio throughput-optimal distributed scheduling for white-space networks. The algorithm requires that each link can determine the global feasibility of increasing its current data-rate. In many classes of networks, any one link's data-rate primarily impacts its neighbors and this impact decays with distance. Hence, local exchanges can provide the information needed to determine feasibility. Along these lines, the paper discusses the potential use of existing physical-layer control messages to determine feasibility. This can be considered as a technique analogous to carrier sensing in carrier sense multiple access (CSMA) networks.
Ultrasonography is superior to plain radiography in the diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum (2002)

Ultrasonography is more sensitive than plain radiography in the diagnosis of pneumoperitoneum.
An object-oriented library incorporating efficient projection/backprojection operators for volume reconstruction in 3D PET (1999)

this paper is to present the development of a library of object-oriented building blocks for the implementation of both analytical and iterative reconstruction algorithms in 3D PET.
Mitogenic and <i>In Vitro</i> Angiogenic Activity of Human Recombinant Heparin Affin Regulatory Peptide (1994)

We have previously described the purification of a heparin binding growth factor from adult bovine brain named heparin affin regulatory peptide (HARP), which was identical to an uterus derived growth factor named pleiotrophin and to a developmentally regulated neurite promoting factor named heparin-binding growth associated molecule. However, for yet unclear reasons, the mitogenic activity of this purified polypeptide following isolation from animal tissue extracts is a subject of controversy, due to conflicting and irreproducible data when produced by recombinant DNA technologies in E. coli or insect cells. The purified protein was inactive in mitogenic assays but the natural molecule was active in assay of neurite outgrowth. In order to clarify these conflicting results and to obtain a recombinant protein free from other contaminating heparin-binding growth factors, we have cloned human cDNA encoding human HARP, engineered its expression in NIH 3T3 cells and characterised the resulting recombinant polypeptide. Purified recombinant HARP displayed mitogenic activity for capillary endothelial cells with half-maximal stimulation at approximately 1 ng/ml (55 pM) and induced angiogenesis in an in vitro model. Interestingly, while the NH2 terminal sequence of tissue purified HARP was NH2-GKKEKPEKK, the NH2 terminal sequence of the biologically active recombinant protein was NH2-AEAGKKEKPEKK, corresponding to a three amino acid extended form.
Concert-efficient runtime support for concurrent object-oriented programming languages on stock hardware (1993)

Inefficient implementations of global namespaces, message passing, and thread scheduling on stock multicomputers have prevented concurrent object-oriented programming (COOP) languages from gaining widespread acceptance. Recognizing that the architectures of stock m[ilticomputers impose a hierarchy of costs for these operations, we have described a runtime system which provides different versions of each primitive, exposing performance distinctions for optimization. We confirm the advantages of a cost-hierarchy based runtirne system organization by showing a variation of two orders of magnitude in version costs for a CM5 implementation. Frequency measurements based on COOP application programs demonstrate that a 39% invocation cost reduction is feasible by simply se[ecting cheaper versions of runtime operations.
Vitamin and Mineral Supplements in the Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer: An Updated Systematic Evidence Review for the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (2013)

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.
GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS coupled‐fed planar λ/8‐PIFA for internal mobile phone antenna (2009)

Abstract A coupled‐fed planar PIFA (planar inverted‐F antenna) operated in its one‐eighth wavelength (λ/8) mode, different from the traditional one‐quarter wavelength (λ/4) mode, as the fundamental mode for mobile phone application is presented. The proposed PIFA comprises two radiating strips, both of slightly different lengths and close to about λ/8 at 900 MHz. By incorporating the use of the coupling feed, a wide operating band formed by the two λ/8 modes is excited at about 900 MHz for the antenna to cover GSM850/900 operation. Two λ/4 modes are also generated at close frequencies to from a wide operating band centered at about 1950 MHz to cover GSM1800/1900/UMTS operation. The proposed antenna hence can cover GSM850/900/1800/1900/UMTS penta‐band operation for application in the mobile phone. In addition, the antenna has a simple structure and can be printed on a thin FR4 substrate of size 1.6 × 7 × 40 mm 3 as a surface‐mountable chip antenna. Details of the proposed antenna are presented and discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 51: 1091–1096, 2009; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.24214
Cross-domain vulnerabilities over social networks (2012)

Recent years have seen a tremendous growth of social networks such as Facebook and Twitter. At the same time, the share of video traffic in the Internet has also significantly increased, and the two functions are getting closer to one another. YouTube, the most famous video sharing site, allows people to comment on videos with other people while Facebook and Twitter are important vectors into sharing videos. Both video channels and social networks are increasingly vulnerable attack targets. For example, social networks are also considerable spam and phishing vectors, and Adobe Flash as the premier video streaming application is associated with numerous software vulnerabilities. This is a good way for attackers to compromise sites with embedded Flash objects. In this paper, we present the technical background of the cross-domain mechanisms and the security implications. Several recent studies have demonstrated the weakness of the cross-domain policy, leading to session hijacking or the leakage of sensitive information. Current solutions to detect these vulnerabilities use a client-side approach. The purpose of our work is to present a new approach based on network flows analysis to detect malicious behavior.
PaladinRM: Graph‐based visualization of requirements organized for team‐based design (2006)

Abstract When requirements are organized into levels for team development, graph structures are needed to describe the comply and define relationships among requirements. Present‐day requirements engineering tools employ graph‐based structures for the storage and representation of engineering requirements, but often use a tree‐based model to display relationships among requirements. This strategy of development simplifies the details of implementation for visualization purposes, but unfortunately also causes gaps to appear between the visual representation and the underlying graph‐based data structures. Systems engineers currently use manual procedures to identify and close these gaps. To mitigate the limitations of this slow and error prone process, this paper describes the formulation of algorithms and development of a Java‐based requirements visualization tool called PaladinRM. PaladinRM can read a tree representation of requirements exported from a database, and construct and visualize the block diagram representation with all duplicate nodes removed. The implementation of PaladinRM makes extensive use of Semantic Web technologies. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Eng 9: 129–145, 2006
Object partitioning considered harmful (2009)

A major factor for the efficiency of ray tracing is the use of good acceleration structures. Recently, bounding volume hierarchies (BVHs) have become the preferred acceleration structures, due to their competitive performance and greater flexibility compared to KD trees. In this paper, we present a study on algorithms for the construction of optimal BVHs. Due to the exponential nature of the problem, constructing optimal BVHs for ray tracing remains an open topic. By exploiting the linearity of the surface area heuristic (SAH), we develop an algorithm that can find optimal partitions in polynomial time. We further generalize this algorithm and show that every SAH-based KD tree or BVH construction algorithm is a special case of the generic algorithm. Based on a number of experiments with the generic algorithm, we conclude that the assumption of non-terminating rays in the surface area cost model becomes a major obstacle for using the full potential of BVHs. We also observe that enforcing space partitioning helps to improve BVH performance. Finally, we develop a simple space partitioning algorithm for building efficient BVHs.
Exacerbated febrile responses to LPS, but not turpentine, in TNF double receptor-knockout mice (1997)

We examined the effects of injections of systemic [lipopolysaccharide (LPS), 2.5 mg/kg or 50 pg/kg ip] or local (turpentine, 100 microl sc) inflammatory stimuli on fever, motor activity, body weight, and food intake in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) double receptor (TNFR)-knockout mice. A high dose of LPS resulted in exacerbated fevers in TNFR-knockout mice compared with wild-type mice for the early phase of fever (3-15 h); the late phase of fever (16-24 h) and fevers to a low dose of LPS were similar in both groups. Motor activity, body weight, and food intake were similarly reduced in both groups of mice after LPS administration. In response to turpentine, TNFR-knockout and wild-type mice developed virtually identical responses to all variables monitored. These results suggest that 1) TNF modulates fevers to LPS dose dependently, 2) TNF does not modulate fevers to a subcutaneous injection of turpentine, and 3) knockout mice may develop cytokine redundancy in the regulation of the acute phase response to intraperitoneally injected LPS or subcutaneously injected turpentine.
Side‐chain liquid crystalline polymers with silphenylene‐siloxane main chains. I. Synthesis of silphenylene‐siloxane polymers containing hydrosilane units (1991)

Abstract Siophenylene‐siloxane polymers with repeating units containing hydrosilane, SiH, groups were synthesized for use as backbone polymers in side‐chain liquid crystalline polymers. The polymerization of 1,4‐bis (hydroxydimethylsilyl) benzene with a bis (Pyrrolidinyl) silane monomer formed a crosslinked polymer during the course of the reaction, while the use of a bis (ureido) silane monomer gave a polymer which crosslinked on storage after preparation. However, a soluble polymer could be prepared successfully by using a dichlorosilane as the comonomer. Polymers containing two and three SiH groups in each unit were prepared by the last method. All Soluble polymers were characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), infrared spectroscopy (IR) multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
The Dust Explosibility of Several Kinds of Cellulose Derivatives. (1995)

The minimum explosive concentration and ignition energy of several kinds of cellulose derivatives-methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, low-substituted hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate-were measured to evaluate their potential for dust explosion.It was found that the explosibility of cellulose derivatives increased with a decreasing average particle size or bulk density and an increase in the amount of fibrous particles. These factors were expressed in a specific surface area. Moreover, the dust explosibility increased with a higher total molecular of substitution in the cellulose unit. However, it was hardly affected by the kind of substituents nor the average molecular weight of the cellulose derivatives.
A New Approach for High Efficiency Buck-Boost DC/DC Converters Using Series Compensation (2010)

This paper proposes a novel concept for non-isolated buck-boost DC/DC converter and control method. The proposed concept uses a series connection converter that only regulates the differential voltage between the input and output voltage. As a result, the power converter capacity is decreased. Moreover, the proposed circuit has advantages such as improved efficiency and losses reduction.The fundamental operation, control method, and design method of the proposed circuit are described in this paper. In addition, the validity of the proposed circuit is confirmed by carrying out simulations and experiments.
Three‐dimensional structure of (1–36)bacterioopsin in methanol—chloroform mixture and SDS micelles determined by 2D <sup>1</sup>H‐NMR spectroscopy (1992)

Spatial structures of proteolytic segment A (sA) of bacterioopsin of H. halobium (residues 1-36) solubilized in a mixture of methanol-chloroform (1:1), 0.1 M LiClO4 organic mixture, or in perdeuterated sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles, were determined by 2D 1H-NMR techniques. 324 and 400 NOESY cross-peak volumes were measured in NOESY spectra of sA in organic mixture and SDS micelles, respectively. The sA spatial structures were determined by local structure analysis, distance geometry calculation with program DIANA and systematic search for energetically allowed side chain rotamers consistent with NOESY cross-peak volumes. The structures of sA are similar in both milieus and have the right-handed alpha-helical region from Pro8 to Met32 with root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.25 A between backbone heavy atoms and fit well with Pro8 to Met32 alpha-helical region in electron cryo-microscopy model of bacteriorhodopsin. The N-terminal region Ala2-Gly6 of sA in organic mixture has a fixed structure of two consecutive gamma-turns as 2 * 2(7)-helix (RMSD of 0.25 A) stabilized by the Thr5 NH...O = C Gln3 and Ile4 NH...O = C Ala2 hydrogen bonds while this region in SDS micelles has disordered structure with RMSD of 1.44 A for backbone heavy atoms. The C-terminal region Gly33-Asp36 of sA is disordered in both milieus. Torsion angles chi 1 of sA were unequivocally determined for 13 (SDS) and 11 (organic mixture) of alpha-helical residues and are identical in both milieus.
Phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D-derived 1,2-diacylglycerol does not initiate protein kinase C activation in the RBL 2H3 mast-cell line (1992)

We examined the role of phosphatidylcholine-specific phospholipase D (PC-PLD) in the IgE-dependent activation of protein kinase C (PKC) in RBL 2H3 cells (a model for mast-cell function). Cells were sensitized with mouse monoclonal anti-trinitrophenol (TNP) IgE (0.5 micrograms/ml) and were then triggered with an optimal concentration (10 ng/ml) of TNP-ovalbumin conjugate (TNP-OVA). This resulted in an immediate biphasic increase in the production of 1,2-diacylglycerol (DAG) and activation of PKC. The initial increase in DAG production reached a peak within 30 s, and the second phase reached a plateau within 5 min after stimulation. TNP-OVA-induced PC-PLD activation followed the initial increase in DAG formation in response to IgE-receptor cross-bridging, but coincided with the second peak. Phosphatidic acid (PA), derived from the PC-PLD pathway, is metabolized to DAG by the action of PA phosphohydrolase (PAPase). Propranolol (0.3 mM), which inhibits PAPase, blocked the IgE-dependent increase in DAG, activation of PKC, and subsequently degranulation. The PKC inhibitor staurosporine (0.1 microM) inhibited the second, but not first, peak of DAG accumulation, reversed PKC translocation after 10 min and inhibited subsequent mediator release. Taken together, these results demonstrate that PC-PLD does not initiate, but may play a latent role in, IgE-dependent DAG production, PKC activation and mediator release from RBL 2H3 cells.
The principles of the Ilizarov method. (1988)

The author was the 1987 Sir Robert Jones Lecturer of the Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute. This article is based on the speech he delivered in that capacity on October 30, 1987, at the Annual Scientific Program of the Alumni Association, supplemented by material he presented at a three-day International Conference on the Ilizarov Techniques for the Management of Difficult Skeletal Problems which was sponsored by HJDOI November 1-3, 1987.