gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A functional chimaeric S-layer-enhanced green fluorescent protein to follow the uptake of S-layer-coated liposomes into eukaryotic cells (2004)

The chimaeric gene encoding a C-terminally truncated form of the S-layer protein SbpA of Bacillus sphaericus CCM 2177 and the EGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) was ligated into plasmid pET28a and cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. Just 1 h after induction of expression an intense EGFP fluorescence was detected in the cytoplasm of the host cells. Expression at 28 degrees C instead of 37 degrees C resulted in clearly increased fluorescence intensity, indicating that the folding process of the EGFP moiety was temperature sensitive. To maintain the EGFP fluorescence, isolation of the fusion protein from the host cells had to be performed in the presence of reducing agents. SDS/PAGE analysis, immunoblotting and N-terminal sequencing of the isolated and purified fusion protein confirmed the presence of both the S-layer protein and the EGFP moiety. The fusion protein had maintained the ability to self-assemble in suspension and to recrystallize on peptidoglycan-containing sacculi or on positively charged liposomes, as well as to fluoresce. Comparison of fluorescence excitation and emission spectra of recombinant EGFP and rSbpA(31-1068)/EGFP revealed identical maxima at 488 and 507 nm respectively. The uptake of liposomes coated with a fluorescent monomolecular protein lattice of rSbpA(31-1068)/EGFP into HeLa cells was studied by confocal laser-scanning microscopy. The major part of the liposomes was internalized within 2 h of incubation and entered the HeLa cells by endocytosis.
Phosphorylated Benzenesulfonamides as Animal Systemic Insecticides<sup>1</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhosphorylated Benzenesulfonamides as Animal Systemic Insecticides1Frank A. Wagner Jr., Ronald W. Baer, and Gerald BerkelhammerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1965, 8, 3, 377–383Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00327a020https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00327a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views88Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effect of antioxidants on the incidence of wound infection in burn patients. (2010)

Background. Thermal injury causes the destruction of the physical skin barrier that normally protects the body from invasion by micro-organisms and induces an immunocompromised state that predisposes burn patients to infection, sepsis, and multiple organ failure. Reactive oxygen species contribute to burn-mediated immune suppression, and as the use of antioxidants has a positive effect on immune function, this may reduce the incidence of wound infection and related complications in burn patients. Patients and methods. One hundred and eighty burn patients of either sex and different ages, suffering from burns of varying percentage, were involved in the study. They were allocated to six groups: A, B, C, D, E, and F, each of 30 patients. Groups B, C, D, E, and F were treated with antioxidants (vitamins E and C, zinc sulphate, allopurinol, melatonin, and N-acetylcysteine, respectively) while group A was treated without antioxidants, according to our hospital policy. Thirty healthy subjects (group G) were also involved in the study as a control group for comparison. In each group, serum malondialdehyde and serum glutathione levels, microbiological values, healing time, and the mortality rate were measured using standard methods. Results. Administering antioxidants to burn patients produced significant improvements in the parameters studied compared with burn patients not given antioxidants. Conclusion. The study clearly showed the beneficial effect of antioxidants in the treatment of burn patients, as evidenced by the reduced incidence of wound infection and the shortening of healing time, in addition to the lower mortality rate. It is therefore recommended to add antioxidants to the treatment list of burn patients.
Disorders of balance and vestibular function in US adults: data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001-2004. (2009)

Vestibular dysfunction, as measured by a simple postural metric, is common among US adults. Vestibular dysfunction significantly increases the likelihood of falls, which are among the most morbid and costly health conditions affecting older individuals. These data suggest the importance of diagnosing, treating, and potentially screening for vestibular deficits to reduce the burden of fall-related injuries and deaths in the United States.
Laterally fluorinated liquid crystals containing the 2,2′‐bithiophene moiety (2007)

Abstract The synthesis and systematic evaluation of the influence of lateral mono‐, di‐ and tetra‐fluorination of the terminal phenyl ring on mesomorphic properties in seven novel series of suitably fluoro‐substituted 5‐n‐alkyl‐5′‐(4‐n‐decyloxyphenyl)‐2,2′‐bithienyls is reported. Compared with their non‐fluorinated parent counterparts, lateral fluorination eliminates high order smectic phases and reduces thermal stability, to reveal compounds exhibiting a selection of nematic, smectic A and smectic C phase types. As the number of fluoro‐substituents increases from one to two, mesophase thermal stability drops drastically; the disposition of the second fluoro‐substituent is important. Across‐axis disposition is more detrimental than along‐axis. However, complete fluorination does not destroy mesophase formation. Indeed, tetrafluorophenyl compounds are more stable than certain 3,5‐ and 2,6‐difluoro compunds. The extrapolated birefringence for members of a series of 5‐n‐alkyl‐5′‐(2,3‐difluoro‐4‐n‐decyloxyphenyl)‐2,2′‐bithienyls is approximately 0.21.
Control of the structure and stress state of thin films and coatings in the process of their preparation by ion-plasma methods (2011)

A system analysis of the influence of the substrate temperature during deposition on two main factors (nanodimensionality of structural aggregates and high stresses) responsible for the nonequilibrium state of the materials of ion-plasma-deposited films and coatings has been performed. It has been shown that an increase in the temperature during deposition leads to a preferred growth of nanocrystallites in the direction of incidence of film-forming particles, which, in turn, results in the formation of an anisometric crystal structure. The main causes of the generation of high elastic stresses in ion-plasma condensates are the ion/atom bombardment in the process of deposition (which stimulates the development of compressive stresses) and the difference in the thermal expansion coefficients of the condensate and substrate materials (which initiates the development of thermal stresses; the sign is determined by the difference between the thermal expansion coefficients of the condensate and substrate materials). An increase in the temperature during deposition results in the relaxation of compressive stresses stimulated by the ion/atom bombardment and in an enhancement of the influence of thermal stresses on the state of the ion-plasma condensate. This makes it possible to control the stress state of ion-plasma films and coatings by purposefully varying the substrate temperature during deposition.
Development of remotely controlled implantable devices for programmed insulin infusion. (1984)

Broadbased clinical research during recent years has shown that programme controlled insulin infusion with externally portable devices is an excellent means for improving glucose control of labile diabetics. On the basis of this experience we concentrated on the development of implantable units, which would allow the potentialities of the method to become available for long-term therapy. Implantable devices have to be small, lightweight, long-lived, biocompatible, reliable, safe and externally controllable if they are to be used in humans. We have developed such a device with a volume of 94 cm3, a weight of 180 g and a refillable insulin reservoir of 10 ml. Using an insulin concentration of 100 units per ml, the reservoir has to be refilled through the skin about every three weeks. Energy is provided for more than one year by a lithium battery. Insulin infusion is controlled by a roller pump driven by a stepping motor. Twelve different basal rates and 12 different prandial doses can be programmed by an external programmer. One hour after programming, the high prandial infusion rates return automatically to the basal rate. The telecontrol system includes circuits for acknowledgement of programme transmission, monitoring of the stepping frequency and checking of the catheter pressure. Emphasis has been placed on making the implant safe against overdosing. All the components including the insulin reservoir are encapsulated in a titanium housing. In this way, the whole insulin tract is well protected against damage, and even in the case of a leak no insulin could be released into the body because an underpressure is maintained in the interior of the titanium capsule. Overdosing due to electronic defects is prevented with additional safety circuitry, the function of which can be checked at any time, even after implantation. Research prototypes of the devices have been tested widely in dogs and have been implanted in humans recently.
DNA-Mediated Delivery of Lipophilic Molecules via Hybridization to DNA-Based Vesicular Aggregates (2006)

A scheme is presented for stabilizing hydrophobic molecules and releasing them into aqueous solution via DNA hybridization. A tetradecyl hydrophobic tail is covalently attached to synthetic oligomers, and the resulting amphiphilic molecules take up substantial amounts of orange OT and pyrene dyes in aqueous environments. The resulting structures do not affect the surface tension and are predominantly spherical as shown by light scattering and TEM, and the pyrene fluorescence is consistent with a hydrophobic environment. It is concluded that the amphiphilic DNA creates vesicular domains upon which the hydrophobic dyes reside and are stabilized in solution. Upon exposure to the complementary strand, the pyrene dye is released from the structures, showing that the scheme can be used for unlabeled or DNA-mediated drug delivery.
Modulation of meningioma cell growth by sex steroid hormones in vitro (1985)

Meningiomas were removed from four patients and estradiol binding was measured in the tumor tissue. Cell cultures were established and an in vitro system was developed to test the biological activity of physiologically relevant concentrations (10(-7) M and 10(-9) M) of estradiol-17 beta, progesterone, and the anti-estrogen, tamoxifen, on the growth of meningioma cells in early culture (passages 3 to 5). Assays of the frozen surgical specimens demonstrated cytosolic estradiol binding, with levels of 0.3 to 26.7 femtomoles (fM)/mg protein, in all four tumors. Nuclear estradiol binding was detected in three tumors, with levels of 16.8 to 39.5 fM/mg protein. In cell culture, estradiol at either 10(-7) M or 10(-9) M consistently stimulated cell growth in all four cultures. When tested alone, progesterone stimulated the growth of all four tumors and tamoxifen stimulated the growth of three of the four tumors, but the levels of stimulation produced by either of these compounds were less pronounced than the level produced by estradiol. When tested in combination with estradiol, progesterone significantly inhibited the growth stimulation produced by estradiol in all four meningioma cultures and tamoxifen significantly inhibited estradiol-induced growth stimulation in three of four cultures. It is not known if these effects are mediated by a hormone receptor or by a hormone binder different from a true receptor, or if they are caused by alterations in cellular metabolism that are independent of specific hormone binding. However, the authors conclude that this in vitro technique can be used to further study the biological activity of hormones on human meningiomas in order to answer these questions.
Genetic Algorithmic Approach for Computer-Aided Molecular Design (1995)

The design of new materials possessing desired physical and biological properties is an important endeavor for designers in the chemical, material and pharmaceutical industries. The traditional approach to molecular design involves a laborious and costly hypothesis, synthesis, and evaluation procedure. To alleviate the protracted design cycle, this paper describes an approach using genetic algorithms (GAs) for the molecular design process. Genetic algorithms are general purpose, stochastic, evolutionary search and optimization strategies based on the Darwinian model of natural selection. The mechanics, characteristics, and other issues in using GAs for molecular design are presented with the aid of case studies in polymer and refrigerant design. The merits and potential deficiencies of this approach are also discussed.
Optimization of <i>Escherichia coli</i> growth by controlled addition of glucose (1989)

During aerobic growth of Escherichia coli (recombinant K-12 and strain B) on protein hydrolysate (L-broth) and a carbon source (glucose), acetic acid is produced via glucose metabolism until the late log phase. At this point, the culture pH starts to increase and the growth rate decreases. In cultures without further glucose supplementation, these changes are associated with the accumulation of ammonia, the utilization of acetic acid, the depletion of amino acids, and the complete depletion of glucose. We hypothesize that, after depletion of the glucose, the bacteria catabolize amino acids for energy and carbon and give off the nitrogen as ammonia. Also contributing to the overall increase in pH is the depletion of the acetic acid produced earlier as it is metabolized upon exhaustion of glucose. However, there is a lag time of about 1 hour after the initial pH increase before the sustained accumulation of ammonia begins. This lag indicates that an unidentified factor, in addition to the increase in ammonia, contributes to the increase in pH. Advantage was taken of the turnaround from acid production to base production as reflected in the culture pH to implement the addition of glucose. In growth experiments during which the pH was controlled in the basic direction by glucose addition, the observed decrease in growth rate was significantly postponed and the pH change in the basic direction was reversed as a result of acid production by the cells from the newly added glucose. Furthermore, coll densities of twice that obtained without glucose feeding were demonstrated. Based on the media cost per unit cell density, the data indicate a 31% cost savings.
Characterization of Digital Single Event Transient Pulse-Widths in 130-nm and 90-nm CMOS Technologies (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> The distributions of SET pulse-widths produced by heavy ions in 130-nm and 90-nm CMOS technologies are measured experimentally using an autonomous pulse characterization technique. The event cross section is the highest for SET pulses between 400 ps to 700 ps in the 130-nm process, while it is dominated by SET pulses in the range of 500 ps to 900 ps in the 90-nm process. The increasing probability of longer SET pulses with scaling is a key factor determining combinational logic soft errors in advanced technologies. Mixed mode 3D-TCAD simulations demonstrate that the variation of pulse-width results from the variation in strike location. </para>
Solution of the Forward Dynamics of a Single-loop Linkage Using Power Series (2011)

The kinematic differential equations express the paths taken by points, lines, and coordinate frames attached to a rigid body in terms of the instantaneous screw for the motion of that body. Such differential equations are linear but with a time-varying coefficient and hence solvable by power series. A single-loop kinematic chain may be expressed by a system of such differential equations subject to a linear constraint. A single matrix factorization followed by a sequence of substitutions of linear-system right-hand-side terms determines successive orders of the joint rate coefficients in the kinematic solution for this mechanism. The present work extends this procedure to the forward dynamics problem, applying it to a Clemens constant-velocity coupling expressed as a spatial 9R closed kinematic chain.
Redox balances in the metabolism of sugars by yeasts (1986)

The central role of the redox couples NAD+/NADH and NADP+/NADPH in the metabolism of sugars by yeasts is discussed in relation to energy metabolism and product formation. Besides their physical compartmentation in cytosol and mitochondria, the two coenzyme systems are separated by chemical compartmentation as a consequence of the absence of transhydrogenase activity. This has considerable consequences for the redox balances of both coenzyme systems and hence for sugar metabolism in yeasts. As examples, the competition between respiration and fermentation of glucose, the Crabtree effect, the Custers effect, adaptation to anaerobiosis, the activities of the hexose monophosphate pathway, and the fermentation of xylose in yeast are discussed.
Whole-head SQUID system in a superconducting magnetic shield. (2004)

We have constructed a mobile whole-head SQUID system in a superconducting magnetic shield - a cylinder of high Tc superconductor BSCCO of 65 cm in diameter and 160 cm in length. We compared the noise spectra of several SQUID sensors of SNS Josephson junctions in the superconducting magnetic shield with those of the same SQUID sensors in a magnetically shielded room of Permalloy. The SQUID sensors in the superconducting magnetic shield are more than 100 times more sensitive than those in a magnetically shielded room of Permalloy below 1 Hz. We tested the whole-head SQUID system in the superconducting magnetic shield observing somatosensory signals evoked by stimulating the median nerve in the right wrist of patients by current pulses. We present data of 64 and 128 traces versus the common time axis for comparison. Most sensory responses of human brains phase out near 250 ms. However monotonic rhythms still remain even at longer latencies than 250 ms. The nodes of these rhythm are very narrow even at these longer latencies just indicating low noise characteristics of the SQUID system at low-frequencies. The current dipoles at the secondary somatosensory area SII are evoked at longer latencies than 250 ms contributing to a higher-level brain function. The SQUID system in a superconducting magnetic shield will also have advantages when it is used as a DC MEG to study very slow activities and function of the brain.
Chemotherapeutic Evaluation of 5-Episisomicin (Sch 22591), a New Semisynthetic Aminoglycoside (1978)

5-episisomicin (Sch 22591) is a novel semisynthetic aminoglycoside with a spectrum and potency similar to gentamicin in its activity against susceptible bacterial strains, but with increased potency against Pseudomonas, Providencia, and Proteus rettgeri. It is also more active than tobramycin and amikacin against these last-mentioned species.Against resistant strains, Sch 22591 is significantly more active than gentamicin or tobramycin. Against resistant gram-negative bacteria other than Pseudomonas, Sch 22591 has activity similar to that of amikacin, but Sch 22591 is more potent. Against Pseudomonas strains, it is active against most gentamicin- and tobramycin-resistant strains and is more active than the other three antibiotics. Some Pseudomonas strains are resistant to Sch 22591, but susceptible to amikacin. Against a selection of aminoglycoside-resistant staphylococci, Sch 22591 has very good activity against strains resistant to tobramycin, amikacin, and gentamicin. The superior in vitro potency of Sch 22591 against Pseudomonas has been confirmed in vivo in experimental infections in mice. Absorption in dogs is similar to that of other aminoglycoside antibiotics. The acute toxicity of Sch 22591 in mice is greater than that of gentamicin; its vestibular toxicity potential and nephrotoxicity potential in cats and rats appear to be similar to those of gentamicin.
Naturally Occurring Broad-Spectrum Powdery Mildew Resistance in a Central American Tomato Accession Is Caused by Loss of <i>Mlo</i> Function (2007)

The resistant cherry tomato (Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme) line LC-95, derived from an accession collected in Ecuador, harbors a natural allele (ol-2) that confers broad-spectrum and recessively inherited resistance to powdery mildew (Oidium neolycopersici). As both the genetic and phytopathological characteristics of ol-2-mediated resistance are reminiscent of powdery mildew immunity conferred by loss-of-function mlo alleles in barley and Arabidopsis, we initiated a candidate-gene approach to clone Ol-2. A tomato Mlo gene (SlMlo1) with high sequence-relatedness to barley Mlo and Arabidopsis AtMLO2 mapped to the chromosomal region harboring the Ol-2 locus. Complementation experiments using transgenic tomato lines as well as virus-induced gene silencing assays suggested that loss of SlMlo1 function is responsible for powdery mildew resistance conferred by ol-2. In progeny of a cross between a resistant line bearing ol-2 and the susceptible tomato cultivar Moneymaker, a 19-bp deletion disrupting the SlMlo1 coding region cosegregated with resistance. This polymorphism results in a frameshift and, thus, a truncated nonfunctional SlMlo1 protein. Our findings reveal the second example of a natural mlo mutant that possibly arose post-domestication, suggesting that natural mlo alleles might be evolutionarily short-lived due to fitness costs related to loss of mlo function.
Editor’s Introduction (1978)

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Splinting in rheumatoid arthritis: II. Evaluation of Lightcast fiberglass polymer splints. (1982)

Fifty-four patients with rheumatoid arthritis were fitted with fiberglass polymer Lightcast II hand and wrist splints. When patients were questioned after having worn the splints for 9 to 12 months, the majority responded that the splints were durable, cosmetically acceptable, and for the most part comfortable. The splints were staff manufactured at 1 sitting in less than an hour each.
The Preparation of Furano-steroid Analogues of Demethoxyviridin (1999)

The syntheses of a C-4:C-6 furano-steroid by the base-catalysed cyclization of 6α-acetoxyandrost-4-ene-3,17-dione and of a C-4:C-6 tetrahydrofuran by the cyclization of 3β,6β-dihydroxy-4β-hydroxymethylandrostan-17-one, are described.