gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Reconfigurable Low Power Distributed Arithmetic Architecture for Multimedia Applications (2007)

The use of reconfigurable cores in system on chip (SoC) designs is increasingly becoming a trend. Such cores are being used for their flexibility, powerful functionality and low power consumption. Distributed arithmetic (DA) is a powerful algorithm widely used in many fields of multimedia for its efficiency. This paper presents a novel reconfigurable adder-based architecture for DA to realize the inner product which is the key computation in many digital signal processing applications. 1D DCT is mapped onto the architecture. Compared with some existing ASIC designs, the new architecture achieves good performance in area, speed and power.
Intensity Imaging Of A Phase Object And Autocorrelation Using A Ba Tio3 Optical Phase Conjugator (1987)

A method of producing gradient-like images of phase objects is described. Photographs of various phase objects obtained by this method are presented and the relationship between the phase objects and their images is described. Finally, we show that under certain conditions the intensity of the output field at the focal point of a lens is simply related to the autocorrelation function associated with the phase object's optical thickness variations.
Study of SiO2/4H-SiC interface nitridation by post-oxidation annealing in pure nitrogen gas (2015)

An alternative and effective method to perform interface nitridation for 4H-SiC metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) devices was developed. We found that the high-temperature post-oxidation annealing (POA) in N2 ambient was beneficial to incorporate a sufficient amount of nitrogen atoms directly into thermal SiO2/SiC interfaces. Although N2-POA was ineffective for samples with thick thermal oxide layers, interface nitridation using N2-POA was achieved under certain conditions, i.e., thin SiO2 layers (&lt; 15 nm) and high annealing temperatures (&gt;1350°C). Electrical characterizations of SiC-MOS capacitors treated with high-temperature N2-POA revealed the same evidence of slow trap passivation and fast trap generation that occurred in NO-treated devices fabricated with the optimized nitridation conditions.
Modification of Starch Properties with Plasticizers (1996)

This review discusses the influence of water and other plasticizers on the physical properties of starch. Recent developments for production of starch-based thermoplastics are described. These materials are expected to find increasing use in biodegradable plastics in a range of non-food uses
A 5 V-only 4-K static RAM (1977)

HISTORICALLY, 5V static MOS RAMS have been slow, or have had high operating power and high standby power, or have been some compromise thereof.
beta-Lactamases in laboratory and clinical resistance (1995)

beta-Lactamases are the commonest single cause of bacterial resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. Numerous chromosomal and plasmid-mediated types are known and may be classified by their sequences or phenotypic properties. The ability of a beta-lactamase to cause resistance varies with its activity, quantity, and cellular location and, for gram-negative organisms, the permeability of the producer strain. beta-Lactamases sometimes cause obvious resistance to substrate drugs in routine tests; often, however, these enzymes reduce susceptibility without causing resistance at current, pharmacologically chosen breakpoints. This review considers the ability of the prevalent beta-lactamases to cause resistance to widely used beta-lactams, whether resistance is accurately reflected in routine tests, and the extent to which the antibiogram for an organism can be used to predict the type of beta-lactamase that it produces.
Bis[N,N′-bis(2,4,6-trimethylphenyl)-1,2-ethanediylidenediamine]copper(I) tetrafluoroborate (2000)

In the title compound, [Cu(C20H24N2)2]BF4, the complex cation adopts a distorted tetrahedral structure, the dihedral angle between the least-squares planes of the chelating ligand backbones being 51.1 (2)°. This flattening of the tetrahedral coordination sphere may be driven by the presence of intramolecular π–π stacking interactions between mesityl groups on adjacent ligands.
Readjustable Transobturator Sling: A Novel Sling Procedure for Male Urinary Incontinence (2004)

Post-prostatectomy incontinence remains a significant problem for both patients and urologists. We report a case and the surgical technique of successful sling in the treatment of post-prostatectomy urinary incontinence. Sling surgery was performed on a 69-year-old male patient with severe urinary incontinence (6 pads/day) following radical prostatectomy. The procedure was conducted through the transobturator approach using a sling with a silicone foam pad to protect the urethra. At the 7-month follow-up the patient is using only 1 pad/day. We consider this operation an alternative to artificial urinary sphincter in cases of male sphincter incontinence.
Radiation-enhanced diffusion of boron in germanium during ion implantation (1973)

Abstract An effect of radiation-enhanced diffusion during boron ion implantation into 200-500°C germanium substrates has been found. The boron-enhanced diffusion coefficient is independent of the temperature over the range 200-500°C during ion implantation, depends upon the dose rate of the incident ions and its value corresponds to the thermal diffusion of boron in germanium at 800°C.
Metabolism of Dihydrozeatin in Floral Buds of Wild-Type and a Genic Male Sterile Line of Rapeseed (<i>Brassica napus</i>L.) (1993)

The metabolism of [3H]dihydrozeatin (DZ) in floral buds of three developmental stages, and endogenous cytokinin (CK) levels in mature stamens were investigated in wild-type (WT) and a genie male sterile (GMS) line of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Floral buds were fed [3H]DZ and subsequently different metabolites, namely nucleotides, ribosides and glucosides, were analysed by 2DTLC and HPLC. The GMS buds exhibited a higher initial uptake of [3]DZ than wild-type buds, but the total uptake after 12 h was either similar or less in GMS buds. [3]Dihydrozeatin was metabolized more efficiently in WT than in GMS buds, as more of [3]DZ was retained in the latter. This was especially the case in stage 2 buds, when in GMS anthers microspores fail to separate from tetrads, thereby causing sterility. [3H]Dihydrozeatin was converted to dihydrozeatin nucleotide (DZNT), dihydrozeatin riboside and O-glucosides by both WT and GMS buds. However, all these metabolites were relatively low in GMS buds. The major difference was in the reduced formation of DZNT by stage 2 GMS buds. The GMS stamens also contained low levels of various cytokinins, including the nucleotides. These observations, along with earlier reports, suggest that low levels of endogenous CKs, and, in particular, the reduced formation of CK nucleotides are partly responsible for the breakdown of microsporogenesis in GMS anthers.
Catalyst‐Sidearm‐Induced Stereoselectivity Switching in Polymerization of a Racemic Lactone for Stereocomplexed Crystalline Polymer with a Circular Life Cycle (2018)

Construction of robust, stereocomplexed (sc) crystalline material, based on a recently discovered infinitely recyclable polymer system, requires blending of enantiomeric polymer chains produced from respective enantiopure, fused six-five bicyclic lactones. Herein, the stereoselective polymerization of the racemic monomer by yttrium catalysts bearing tetradentate ligands is reported, where the tethered donor sidearm switches the heteroselectivity of the catalyst to isoselectivity when it is changed from the β-OMe to β-NMe<sub>2</sub> sidearm. The latter catalyst produces an isotactic stereoblock polymer (P<sub>m</sub> up to 0.95) that forms the crystalline sc-material with a T<sub>m</sub> of up to 171 °C. This sc-material can be fully depolymerized back to rac-monomer in a quantitative yield and purity, thus establishing its circular life cycle.
Effect of Chelation on Iron–Chromium Redox Flow Batteries (2020)

The iron–chromium (FeCr) redox flow battery (RFB) was among the first flow batteries to be investigated because of the low cost of the electrolyte and the 1.2 V cell potential. We report the effects of chelation on the solubility and electrochemical properties of the Fe3+/2+ redox couple. An Fe electrolyte utilizing diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) exhibits efficient and high-performance flow battery cycling at pH 9 versus a Cr-chelate complex utilizing 1,3-diaminopropanetetraacetic acid (PDTA). The FeDTPA electrolyte can be cycled at concentrations up to 1.35 M, equating to a storage capacity of 36.2 Ah L–1, with near-quantitative efficiency. When paired with a CrPDTA electrolyte, the equilibrium cell potential of the all-chelated FeCr RBF is 1.2 V with a maximum discharge power of 216 mW cm–2. Key aspects of the coordination chemistry of FeDTPA are compared with CrPDTA and highlight the importance of molecular-level understanding for driving flow battery system performance.
Error detection and recovery by hiding information into video bitstream using fragile watermarking (2002)

This paper proposes a method of error detection and recovery by hiding specific information into video bitstream using fragile watermarking and checking it later. The proposed method requires no additional bits into compressed bitstream since it embeds a user-specific data pattern in the least significant bits of LEVEL's in VLC codewords. The decoder can extract the information to check whether there is an error in the received bitstream. We also propose to use this method to embed essential data such as motion vectors that can be used for error recovery. The proposed method can detect corrupted MB's that usually escape the conventional syntax-based error detection scheme. This proposed method is quite simple and of low complexity.
Chemistry of Sodium Borohydride and Diborane. II. Reduction of Schiff Bases with Diborane in Tetrahydrofuran (1966)

The reduction of the various Schiff bases with diborane in tetrahydrofuran was smoothly proceeded, being followed by the simple treatment with alcohol, to give the corresponding amines. The relative reactivity of the Schiff bases toward diborane increased with an increasing order of their basicities determined by the infrared absorption spectral method.
Actions of steroids and bemegride on the GABAA receptor of mouse spinal neurones in culture (1990)

The effects of a synthetic and an endogenous steroid were studied on the GABAA receptors of isolated mouse spinal neurones, maintained in culture. Low doses of alphaxalone reversibly increased GABA-evoked whole-cell currents. Alphaxalone at higher doses (10-50 microM), when pressure ejected onto spinal neurones, also directly evoked a membrane chloride current. Such currents were reversibly suppressed by bicuculline (a GABAA antagonist) and enhanced by phenobarbitone. 5 beta-Pregnan-3 alpha-ol-20-one, a progesterone metabolite, dose-dependently potentiated the amplitude of GABA-evoked whole-cell currents. The mechanism of potentiation was examined at the single-channel level using outside-out patches from spinal neurones. The main action of the steroid on the GABAA receptor appears to be similar to that found for barbiturates, in that they prolonged GABA-activated bursts of channel openings. Bemegride had an antagonistic action on the GABAA receptor, suppressing both GABA- and pentobarbitone-evoked whole-cell currents to similar extents.
Devices for Controlling Amplitude Characteristics of Telephonic Signals (1939)

This paper describes a family of devices which automatically respond to signals and control the circuit amplification in such a way as to improve transmission. Their general characteristics are outlined, their differences explained, and some of their applications are listed.
Volumetric and Dimensional Analysis of the Guinea Pig Inner Ear (2001)

The objective of this study was to provide accurate volumetric data on the fluid spaces and soft tissue in the guinea pig inner ear by measuring all histologic serial sections by means of Metamorph Imaging Software at 400x to 1,000x magnification. The total endolymph volume of the inner ear was 4.691 mm3, of which 1.501 mm3 was in the cochlea, 3.090 mm3 in the vestibular labyrinth, and 0.100 mm3 in the endolymphatic duct and sac. The total perilymph volume was 15.938 mm3, of which 8.867 mm3 was in the cochlea and 7.071 mm3 in the vestibular labyrinth. The volume of the organ of Corti per millimeter length increased toward the apex, but the volumes of the stria vascularis, spiral ligament, and spiral limbus decreased. The volume of the macula utriculi was larger than that of the macula sacculi. The measurement of the luminal surface area of the stria vascularis was 3.944 mm2, and that of the vestibular dark cells was 5.772 mm2.
A new ferroelectric: La2Ti2o7 (1974)

Ferroelectricity was observed in a lanthanum titanate single crystal (La2Ti2O7), a monoclinic crystal of the space group C22-P21. The Curie temperature was found to be about 1500°C. It was determined by a D-E hysteresis loop at room temperature that the spontaneous polarization Ps = 5 μC/cm2 and that the coercive field Ec = 45 kV/cm. Ferroelectric domains were observed using a crystal etched by an aqueous solution of nitric acid. The La2Ti2O7crystal showed strong piezoelectric and linear electro-optic effects: electromechanical coupling factor k22 = 0.29; half-wave voltage [E l]δ/2 = 2000 V at a wavelength of 6328 A.
A series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle control strategy including instantaneous optimization of equivalent fuel consumption (2012)

Control strategy for a series-parallel hybrid electric vehicle powertain aimed at operating the engine in its optimal fuel efficiency operating region is proposed in the paper. An instantaneous optimization algorithm based on the equivalent consumption minimization strategy (ECMS) is used in order to improve the hybrid vehicle fuel efficiency, and it is combined with a battery state-of-charge (SoC) controller to honor predefined SoC bounds. The effectiveness of the proposed control strategy is verified by means of computer simulations for three characteristic certification driving cycles.
Biomechanical Analysis of Experimental Spinal Cord Injury and Functional Loss (1988)

Spinal cord injury was studied using a drop-weight technique in a rat model. A constant weight of 10 g was dropped from 2.5, 5.0 and 17.5 cm heights. The trauma delivered was quantified by biomechanical parameters of weight drop height, maximum force, and impulse, while the functional deficit produced by injury was quantified in terms of the maximum inclined plane score, hindlimb motor score, and combined behavioral score. Highly significant (P = 0.0001) relationships were found within the biomechanical parameters of trauma as well as between the trauma and the functional parameters at 4 weeks after injury. The impulse was found to be the best predictor of the functional loss (r = 0.79, P = 0.0001).
Electrophoretic mobility of DNA in gels. I. New biased reptation theory including fluctuations (1994)

Abstract In weak electric fields, the motion of DNA molecules undergoing gel electrophoresis may be described by biased reptation. We argue that the degree of molecular orientation induced by the field is determined by a competition between longitudinal fluctuations and drift of the molecule along the tube. A self‐consistent calculation shows that the end‐to‐end vector of long molecules varies with the square root of the field strength, and not linearly as previously supposed. This leads to a number of new predictions about the field dependence of the molecular mobility and the size limit of resolution. We present the results of computer simulations that support the predictions of the theory of biased reptation including fluctuations. Finally, we discuss the correspondence with experimental data and the implications of our findings for the optimization of DNA electrophoresis. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Operation of individual diode lasers as a coherent ensemble controlled by a spatial filter within an external cavity (1985)

Five diode gain elements (diode lasers with one facet antireflection coated) have been controlled to operate coherently with each other by a spatial filter placed between the antireflection coated facet and the mirror of an external cavity which provides the feedback for laser operation. The locking of the lasers is relatively insensitive to phase adjustment in each laser path. Locking has occurred with lasers whose output wavelength when operating individually differed by 60 Å. It is expected that the maximum tolerance to wavelength difference is much larger because lasers used were selected so simple individual temperature control could bring them into wavelength coincidence. These results point to the feasibility of placing well over a thousand diode lasers in an external cavity with coherent output.
Ursodeoxycholic Acid Attenuates Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-Related Retinal Pericyte Loss in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice (2017)

Loss of pericytes, an early hallmark of diabetic retinopathy (DR), results in breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress may be involved in this process. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), a known ameliorator of ER stress, on pericyte loss in DR of streptozotocin- (STZ-) induced diabetic mice. To assess the extent of DR, the integrity of retinal vessels and density of retinal capillaries in STZ-induced diabetic mice were evaluated. Additionally, induction of ER stress and the unfolded protein response (UPR) were assessed in diabetic mice and human retinal pericytes exposed to advanced glycation end products (AGE) or modified low-density lipoprotein (mLDL). Fluorescein dye leakage during angiography and retinal capillary density were improved in UDCA-treated diabetic mice, compared to the nontreated diabetic group. Among the UPR markers, those involved in the protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK) pathway were increased, while UDCA attenuated UPR in STZ-induced diabetic mice as well as AGE- or mLDL-exposed retinal pericytes in culture. Consequently, vascular integrity was improved and pericyte loss reduced in the retina of STZ-induced diabetic mice. Our findings suggest that UDCA might be effective in protecting against DR.
Envelope gene and long terminal repeat determine the different biological properties of Rauscher, Friend, and Moloney mink cell focus-inducing viruses (1985)

The nucleotide sequence of the envelope (env) gene and the long terminal repeat (LTR) of an infectious clone of Rauscher mink cell focus-inducing (R-MCF) virus has been determined and compared with the published env gene and LTR sequences of Friend (F)- and Moloney (M)-MCF viruses. The sequence shows that R-MCF virus, like other MCF viruses, is a recombinant virus. Its env gene contains sequences which were acquired from an env gene in the mouse genome and which confer on the MCF virus its dualtropic host range. Unlike F-MCF and M-MCF viruses, R-MCF virus will not replicate in NIH 3T3 cells. The deduced amino acid sequence for the gp70 of R-MCF differs from that of F- and M-MCF viruses by 15 amino acids between residues 49 and 138 of gp70. These differences in amino acid sequences may be responsible for the inability of R-MCF virus to replicate in NIH 3T3 cells. The host range of two hybrid viruses constructed in vitro is consistent with this hypothesis. R-MCF virus and Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MLV) show 98% identity in their env gene 3' from the acquired env sequences. This contrasts with 82% identity between the env gene of R-MCF virus and M-MLV. The LTR of R-MCF shows 98% identity with the LTR of F-MCF as compared to 88% identity with the LTR of M-MCF. This striking similarity between the sequences of R-MCF, F-MCF, and F-MLV is surprising since the Rauscher virus and the Friend virus are thought to have originated independently. The high degree of similarity suggests that Rauscher and Friend viruses have a common origin. In contrast to M-MLV, which induces predominantly a lymphoid disease, R- and F-MCF viruses induce an erythroproliferative disease in NIH Swiss mice. A hybrid R-MCF virus with a genome derived primarily from R-MCF virus and a 3' end including the U3 region derived from M-MLV induces a lymphoid disease instead of an erythroid disease. This result indicates that it is the U3 region which determines the tissue specificity of the MCF virus-induced disease. It is suggested that the putative viral enhancers in the U3 region play two roles in the process of leukemogenesis: in the Friend and Rauscher disease, the viral enhancers act by increasing the transcription of the MCF env gene; in the thymic lymphoma, the enhancers activate mainly the expression of cellular genes.
Knoevenagel-Reaktion (1998)

Der oben dargestellte Prototyp der Knoevenagel-Reaktion 1,2) ist die Kondensation eines Aldehyds oder Ketons 1 mit einem Malonsäureester 2, wodurch α,β-ungesättigte Carbonsäureester 4 erhalten werden können. Der Begriff umschließt aber prinzipiell die analoge Umsetzung von Aldehyden oder Ketonen mit jeder Art von C-H-aciden Methylenverbindungen. Die KnoevenagelReaktion gehört zu einer Reihe verwandter Carbonylreaktionen, die sich von der →Aldolreaktion ableiten.
A computer program for the application of Zoeppritz's amplitude equations and Knott's energy equations (1976)

abstract A computer program is presented which calculates Zoeppritz's displacement amplitude coefficients, displacement potential coefficients, and Knott's energy coefficients for plane harmonic elastic waves of P or SV type incident on a plane interface between two isotropic, homogeneous elastic solids. A discussion of these three basic types of coefficients is included. Results of applying the program to a sample case are presented in the form of a graph of the energy coefficients computed for all possible wave types and over a range of angle of incidence of 0° to 90°.
Soil structure and plant growth (1991)

Soil structure affects plant growth in many ways. Roots grow most rapidly in very friable soil, but their uptake of water and nutrients may be limited by inadequate contact with the solid and liquid phases of the soil. This contact is much more intimate in hard soil, but then the growth of the roots is strongly inhibited, so that their foraging ability is poor, and the plant may eventually become short of water or nutrients. However, many soils, even if hard, contain continuous macropores that provide niches for the roots to grow in. The presence of such macropores increases the extent of the root system, but because the roots are clumped within them, the rate at which the roots can extract water and nutrients from the soil between the macropores is considerably slowed. These macropores also provide niches for microorganisms, both symbiotic and pathogenic, so that the response of roots to different tillage treatments may differ markedly on this account alone. Soil structure not only affects the ability of roots to grow and to supply the leaves with water and nutrients; if adverse, it also induces them to send hormonal signals that slow the growth of the shoot, even if they are currently able to take up adequate water and nutrients.
12.5L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : Quantum Dots for High Color Gamut LCD Displays using an On‐Chip LED Solution (2014)

Abstract Quantum dots are showing commercial promise for achieving wide color gamuts in LCD displays when used to generate the red and green portions of the spectrum. To date these have been incorporated using a separate optical element or a large‐area film. We instead describe a drop‐in, on‐chip solution to QD‐based BLUs.