gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bitmap Algorithms for Counting Active Flows on High-Speed Links (2006)

This paper presents a family of bitmap algorithms that address the problem of counting the number of distinct header patterns (flows) seen on a high-speed link. Such counting can be used to detect DoS attacks and port scans and to solve measurement problems. Counting is especially hard when processing must be done within a packet arrival time (8 ns at OC-768 speeds) and, hence, may perform only a small number of accesses to limited, fast memory. A naive solution that maintains a hash table requires several megabytes because the number of flows can be above a million. By contrast, our new probabilistic algorithms use little memory and are fast. The reduction in memory is particularly important for applications that run multiple concurrent counting instances. For example, we replaced the port-scan detection component of the popular intrusion detection system Snort with one of our new algorithms. This reduced memory usage on a ten minute trace from 50 to 5.6 MB while maintaining a 99.77% probability of alarming on a scan within 6 s of when the large-memory algorithm would. The best known prior algorithm (probabilistic counting) takes four times more memory on port scan detection and eight times more on a measurement application. This is possible because our algorithms can be customized to take advantage of special features such as a large number of instances that have very small counts or prior knowledge of the likely range of the count.
Induction of differentiation and apoptosis by ligands of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma in non-small cell lung cancer. (2000)

The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a ligand-activated transcription factor belonging to the steroid receptor superfamily. It is a key regulator of adipogenic differentiation, the ligands of which have also been demonstrated to induce differentiation in human breast and colon cancer cell lines. This study examined PPARgamma, in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). PPARgamma mRNA and protein were expressed in NSCLC cell lines, with highest levels in adenocarcinomas. PPARgamma protein was also expressed in 50% of primary lung cancers by immunohistochemistry. Treatment of multiple cell lines with two distinct PPARgamma ligands in the presence of serum resulted in growth arrest, irreversible loss of capacity for anchorage-independent growth, decreased activity and expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2, and modulation of multiple markers in a manner consistent with differentiation. Specifically, there was up-regulation of general markers of the differentiated state such as gelsolin, Mad, and p21. Down-regulation of specific markers of progenitor lineages for the peripheral lung, i.e., the type II pneumocyte lineage markers MUC1 and surfactant protein-A and the Clara cell lineage marker CC10, also occurred. In addition, HTI56, a marker of terminally differentiated type I pneumocytes, was also induced. Consistent with a more mature, less malignant phenotype, ligand treatment also inhibited the expression of cyclin D1 and led to hypophosphorylation of the retinoblastoma protein. In contrast, in the absence of serum, ligand treatment rapidly resulted in apoptosis and substantially earlier onset of differentiation. Taken together, these results show that depending on the growth milieu, ligands of PPARgamma induce differentiation and apoptosis in NSCLC, suggesting clinical utility for these agents.
Cognitive Correlates of Functional Performance in Older Adults: Comparison of Self-Report, Direct Observation, and Performance-Based Measures (2011)

Neuropsychologists are often asked to answer questions about the effects of cognitive deficits on everyday functioning. This study examined the relationship between and the cognitive correlates of self-report, performance-based, and direct observation measures commonly used as proxy measures for everyday functioning. Participants were 88 community-dwelling, cognitively healthy older adults (age 50-86 years). Participants completed standardized neuropsychological tests and questionnaires, and performed eight activities of daily living (e.g., water plants, fill a medication dispenser) while under direct observation in a campus apartment. All proxy measures of everyday function were sensitive to the effects of healthy cognitive aging. After controlling for age, cognitive predictors explained a unique amount of the variance for only the performance-based behavioral simulation measure (i.e., Revised Observed Tasks of Daily Living). The self-report instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) and the performance-based everyday problem-solving test (i.e., EPT) did not correlate with each other; however, both were unique predictors of the direct observation measure. These findings suggest that neuropsychologists must be cautious in making predictions about the quality of everyday activity completion in cognitively healthy older adults from specific cognitive functions. The findings further suggest that a self-report of IADLs and the performance-based EPT may be useful measures for assessing everyday functional status in cognitively healthy older adults.
FAK‐dependent regulation of myofibroblast differentiation (2006)

Fibroblasts and myofibroblasts both participate in wound healing. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) induces fibroblasts to differentiate into myofibroblasts, whereas fibroblast growth factor and heparin (FGF/h) induce myofibroblasts to "de-differentiate" into fibroblasts. TGFbeta induces expression of smooth muscle alpha actin (SMalphaA) and incorporation into in stress fibers, a phenotype of differentiated myofibroblasts. Additionally, TGFbeta induces the expression of fibronectin and fibronectin integrins. Fibronectin-generated signals contribute to the TGFbeta-mediated myofibroblast differentiation. Because fibronectin signals are transmitted through focal adhesion kinase (FAK), it was predicted that FAK would be essential to TGFbeta-mediated myofibroblast differentiation. To determine whether the FAK signaling pathway is required for myofibroblast differentiation, we used two approaches to decrease FAK in mouse embryo fibroblasts (MEFs): 1) FAK +/+ MEFs, in which FAK protein expression was greatly decreased by short hairpin RNA (shRNA), and 2) FAK -/- MEFs, which lack FAK. In both cases, the majority of cells were myofibroblasts, expressing SMalphaA in stress fibers even after treatment with FGF/h. Furthermore, both the surface expression of FGFRs and FGF signaling were greatly reduced in FAK -/- [corrected]MEFs. We conclude that FAK does not contribute to TGFbeta-dependent myofibroblast differentiation. Instead, FAK was necessary for FGF/h signaling in down-regulating expression of SMalphaA, which is synonymous with myofibroblast differentiation. FAK activation could contribute to regulating myofibroblast differentiation, thereby ameliorating fibrosis.
Multistrategic Memory Training with the Metamemory Concept in Healthy Older Adults (2011)

This study shows that multistrategic memory training with the metamemory concept may improve memory ability and other cognitive functions which are not trained and that these improvements may be achieved by pure cognitive training effects.
[Recent Advances in Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia --Review]. (2019)

Currently, the traditional chemotherapeutic drugs for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) showed significant curative efficacy, including the improving long-term prognosis and the life quality of the patients, however the traditional chemotherapeuatic drugs showed the some limitatious in the aspects of enhancing the complete remission rate of newly diagnosed AML patients, overcoming the relapse after remission,as well as the primary and secondary drug-resstance to chemotherapeutics. In order to improve the long-term prognisis of patients, the immuno therapy will the best choice for these patients. This review sammarizes the main current advance of immunotherapy of AML at home and abroad, such as antibody-drug conjugate(ADC), bispecific T cell engager (BiTE), chimeric type of antigen receptor T cell (CAR-T) therapy, checkpoint inhibitors; dendritic cell vaccination and peptide vaccines; natural killer cell (NK) therapy and so on.
A 90nm CMOS 60GHz Radio (2008)

CMOS-based circuits operating at mm-wave frequencies have emerged in the past few years. This paper discusses the integration of a 60GHz CMOS single-chip transmitter and a single- chip receiver using a standard 90nm CMOS technology demonstrating a reliable solution for 60GHz single-chip radio. Proper transistor layout, complete and accurate modeling and optimized parasitic extraction method enabled the robust design of the wideband super-heterodyne architecture to support the entire 57- to-66GHz band. The analog radio front-end is controlled by a serial digital interface and has been co-designed and integrated together with a high-speed digital signal processor including analog-to-digital conversion, high speed PHY signal processing such as frequency-offset compensation, phase tracking, FIR and DFE, to support both advanced OFDM and SCBT modulation scheme. The resulting single-chip solution enables data throughputs exceeding 7Gb/s (QPSK) and 15Gb/s (16QAM) for a total DC power budget of below 200mW in TDD operation. In combination with a low-cost FR4-based packaging technology, it provides a high-performance cost-effective solution for a wide range of high volume consumer electronic applications.
Ursodeoxycholic acid dissolution of gallstones in cystic fibrosis (1988)

The dissolution of cholesterol gall stones is documented in two adults with cystic fibrosis.
Viral Contamination of Bovine Fetal Lung Cultures and Bovine Fetal Serum (1980)

Commercial bovine fetal serum (BFS) and bovine fetal lung (BFL) cells were tested for viruses. The only virus detected in any samples was noncytopathogenic bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Of 37 BFL cultures initiated, 34 were negative for BVDV, 1 was positive, and 2 were suspicious in that the source of BVDV contamination was not certain. Of 9 lots of irradiated sera tested, 1 (10%) was positive for BVDV; of 21 lots of nonirradiated sera tested, 13 (62%) were positive for BVDV. As judged by intensity of fluorescence in infected cultures, some cell strains were much more susceptible to BVDV than other strains. Heat inactivation of serum at 56 C for 30 minutes was found to be an unreliable method of eliminating BVDV from sera.
Anisotropic plasma etching of polysilicon using SF6 and CFCl3 (1983)

Undercutting of polysilicon overetched in fluorine-based plasmas has been limited to 0.1 μ per edge by adding small amounts of CFCl3 to SF6. This 0.1 μ undercut occurs during the initial etching stage and does not increase with overetch. To test possible mechanisms, these experiments were repeated with CHF3 and Cl2 used in place of CFCl3. It was found that Cl and photoresist are responsible for passivating the sidewalls of the polysilcon lines. This passivation is relatively insensitive to exact amount of CFCl3 added. Etch rate measurements were made for polysilicon, SiO2, and AZ 1470 photoresist and found to be essentially indistinguishable from those obtained in pure SF6 etching, thus the fast polysilicon etch rate and good selectivity characteristics of SF6 etching are preserved. The ability to etch polysilicon without sacrificing linewidth, selectivity, or etch rate makes CFCl3/SF6 plasma etching very useful for VLSI processing.
Quantitative stem cell biology: computational studies in the hematopoietic system (2006)

Based on the advances in measurement technology, an increasing amount of cellular and molecular data is being generated within the field of stem cell biology. The complexity of the underlying systems, however, most often limits a direct interpretation of the data and makes computational methods indispensable. Mathematical models and simulation techniques are contributing considerably to the discovery of general regulatory principles of stem cell organization and are providing clinically relevant predictions.
Self-Organization of TiO<sub>2</sub>Nanoparticles in Thin Films (1998)

Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide colloids have been synthesized using a sol−gel technique followed by growth under hydrothermal conditions in a basic environment at temperatures between 190 and 270 °C. Thin films have been made from aqueous suspensions of these colloids. X-ray analysis showed the colloids to be primarily the anatase crystal phase. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed a predominantly rodlike particle morphology after growth at lower temperatures and the formation of principally truncated tetragonal or tetrahydral bipyramidal nanocrystallites following growth at higher temperatures. The rodlike particles self-organize into regular cubic arrays with the long axis of the rods aligned perpendicular to the film surface. This self-organization is dependent upon the base used in colloidal synthesis and also upon the dielectric constant of the medium used during film formation.
Effets vasculaires des œstrogènes (2003)

Le traitement hormonal substitutif ne confere pas de protection cardio-vasculaire chez la femme menopausee comme le montre l’etude nord-americaine WHI 2002 (Women’s health initiative). Ce resultat contraste avec le fait que l’oestradiol (E2) previent la constitution de la strie lipidique (c’est-a-dire des premiers stades de l’atherosclerose) dans tous les modeles animaux. L’effet benefique sur le profil lipidique, observe en clinique, est absent chez la souris et ne peut donc expliquer l’effet protecteur observe dans cette espece. Les oestrogenes exercent un effet benefique sur l’endothelium, comme l’augmentation de la production de monoxyde d’azote, l’acceleration de la reendothelialisation ou encore la prevention de l’apoptose. Les effets de l’oestradiol sur le systeme immuno-inflammatoire sont plus ambigus. D’une part, alors que l’E2 protege des souris immunocompetentes du depot lipidique, il n’a plus d’effet chez des souris immunodeficientes. Ainsi, les lymphocytes sont necessaires a la manifestation des effets benefiques de l’E2 aux premiers stades du processus atheromateux (constitution de la strie lipidique) dans tous les modeles experimentaux. D’autre part, en augmentant la production d’interferon γ, l’E2 pourrait contribuer a destabiliser la chape fibro-musculaire qui encercle la strie lipidique. Cet effet potentiellement nefaste sur la stabilite de la plaque d’atherosclerose pourrait rendre compte de l’absence de benefice (et meme d’un effet deletere a l’instauration du traitement) sur les lesions d’atherosclerose des femmes menopausees.
Chaining geographic information web services (2003)

Client-coordinated, static, or mediated chaining of GIS Web services enables easier on-demand access to customized geographic information.
Lysostaphin: A Staphylococcal Bacteriolysin with Potential Clinical Applications (2010)

Lysostaphin is an antimicrobial agent belonging to a major class of antimicrobial peptides and proteins known as the bacteriocins. Bacteriocins are bacterial antimicrobial peptides which generally exhibit bactericidal activity against other bacteria. Bacteriocin production is a self-protection mechanism that helps the microorganisms to survive in their natural habitats. Bacteriocins are currently distributed into three main classes. Staphylococcins are bacteriocins produced by staphylococci, which are Gram-positive bacteria of medical and veterinary importance. Lysostaphin is the only class III staphylococcin described so far. It exhibits a high degree of antistaphylococcal bacteriolytic activity, being inactive against bacteria of all other genera. Infections caused by staphylococci continue to be a problem worldwide not only in healthcare environments but also in the community, requiring effective measures for controlling their spread. Since lysostaphin kills human and animal staphylococcal pathogens, it has potential biotechnological applications in the treatment of staphylococcal infections. In vitro and in vivo studies performed with lysostaphin have shown that this staphylococcin has potential to be used, solely or in combination with other antibacterial agents, to prevent or treat bacterial staphylococcal infectious diseases.
Arnold (2018)

Arnold is a physically based renderer for feature-length animation and visual effects. Conceived in an era of complex multi-pass rasterization-based workflows struggling to keep up with growing demands for complexity and realism, Arnold was created to take on the challenge of making the simple and elegant approach of brute-force Monte Carlo path tracing practical for production rendering. Achieving this required building a robust piece of ray-tracing software that can ingest large amounts of geometry with detailed shading and lighting and produce images with high fidelity, while scaling well with the available memory and processing power. Arnold’s guiding principles are to expose as few controls as possible, provide rapid feedback to artists, and adapt to various production workflows. In this article, we describe its architecture with a focus on the design and implementation choices made during its evolutionary development to meet the aforementioned requirements and goals. Arnold’s workhorse is a unidirectional path tracer that avoids the use of hard-to-manage and artifact-prone caching and sits on top of a ray-tracing engine optimized to shoot and shade billions of spatially incoherent rays throughout a scene. A comprehensive API provides the means to configure and extend the system’s functionality, to describe a scene, render it, and save the results.
Site specific labelling of sugar residues in oligoribonucleotides: reactions of aliphatic isocyanates with 2' amino groups (1996)

Considerable effort has been directed towards studying the structure and function of nucleic acids and several approaches rely on the attachment of reporter groups or reactive functional groups to nucleic acids. We report here the selective modification of 2-amino groups in oligoribonucleotides, through their reaction with aliphatic isocyanates, to give the corresponding 2'-urea derivatives in >95% yield. Furthermore, such modification with (2-isocyanato)ethyl 2-pyridyl disulfide enables subsequent coupling to other thiols (such as those contained in peptides and proteins) or to thiol-reactive electrophiles. A modified decamer was not significantly destabilized by the 2'-urea group, compared with a 2'-amino group, as demonstrated by a mere 1.3 degrees C drop in the melting temperature of the duplex.
Immunolocalization of Integrin α6β4 in Mouse Junctional Epithelium Suggests an Anchoring Function to both the Internal and the External Basal Lamina (1992)

The localization of the integrin alpha 6 beta 4, a transmembrane adhesion molecule associated with hemidesmosomes, was studied in mouse junctional epithelium (JE) by the use of monoclonal antibodies in indirect immunofluorescence microscopy. The results showed that the integrin a6 subunit was expressed throughout the JE and was localized to the cell membranes, including the aspects facing the internal and external basal laminae. The beta 4 subunit had a more restricted distribution. It was expressed only in cells facing the internal and the external basal laminae and had a basally polarized distribution. In other parts of gingival epithelium, both integrin subunits were mainly expressed at the basal aspects of basal epithelial cells. The basement membrane components, type IV collagen and laminin, could be detected only in the external basal lamina and in other basement membranes of gingival epithelium. The results indicate that the a6 beta 4 integrin, expressed in mouse JE, has a role in mediating the attachment of the cells to the basement membranes facing the connective tissue and the tooth.
ViNEYard: Virtual Network Embedding Algorithms With Coordinated Node and Link Mapping (2011)

Network virtualization allows multiple heterogeneous virtual networks (VNs) to coexist on a shared infrastructure. Efficient mapping of virtual nodes and virtual links of a VN request onto substrate network resources, also known as the VN embedding problem, is the first step toward enabling such multiplicity. Since this problem is known to be <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">NP</i> -hard, previous research focused on designing heuristic-based algorithms that had clear separation between the node mapping and the link mapping phases. In this paper, we present ViNEYard-a collection of VN embedding algorithms that leverage better coordination between the two phases. We formulate the VN embedding problem as a mixed integer program through substrate network augmentation. We then relax the integer constraints to obtain a linear program and devise two online VN embedding algorithms D-ViNE and R-ViNE using deterministic and randomized rounding techniques, respectively. We also present a generalized window-based VN embedding algorithm (WiNE) to evaluate the effect of lookahead on VN embedding. Our simulation experiments on a large mix of VN requests show that the proposed algorithms increase the acceptance ratio and the revenue while decreasing the cost incurred by the substrate network in the long run.
Über den Dissociationsgrad und das Dissociationsgleichgewicht stark dissociierter Elektrolyte (1900)

Article Über den Dissociationsgrad und das Dissociationsgleichgewicht stark dissociierter Elektrolyte was published on April 1, 1900 in the journal Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie (volume 33U, issue 1).
Chemically vapor deposited diamond films grown on titanium nitride coated and uncoated iron substrates (1994)

The nature of the interfaces of chemically vapor deposited diamond films on Fe substrates with and without a protective TiN coating is investigated. For unprotected Fe substrates a thick graphitic soot containing 6.5% Fe grows upon the Fe in the first few minutes of exposure to the plasma and, once this soot completely covers the substrate, diamond can nucleate and grow upon it into an average quality unfaceted continuous diamond film. However, adhesion is poor, the weak link being the lack of structural integrity of the soot layer itself. A TiN coating is found to prevent soot formation, C diffusion into the Fe bulk, and Fe diffusion into the diamond films. In the initial stages of growth the TiN is covered with a thin layer of amorphous carbon (a-C), and it is on this layer that diamond nucleates and grows. Here, again, adhesion is not strong, with delamination occurring at the TiN/a-C interface.