gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combination of Engineered Schwann Cell Grafts to Secrete Neurotrophin and Chondroitinase Promotes Axonal Regeneration and Locomotion after Spinal Cord Injury (2014)

Transplantation of Schwann cells (SCs) is a promising therapeutic strategy for spinal cord repair. SCs introduced into lesions support axon regeneration, but because these axons do not exit the transplant, additional approaches with SCs are needed. Here, we transplanted SCs genetically modified to secrete a bifunctional neurotrophin (D15A) and chondroitinase ABC (ChABC) into a subacute contusion injury in rats. We examined the effects of these modifications on graft volume, SC number, degradation of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), astrogliosis, SC myelination of axons, propriospinal and supraspinal axon numbers, locomotor outcome (BBB scoring, CatWalk gait analysis), and mechanical and thermal sensitivity on the hind paws. D15A secreted from transplanted SCs increased graft volume and SC number and myelinated axon number. SCs secreting ChABC significantly decreased CSPGs, led to some egress of SCs from the graft, and increased propriospinal and 5-HT-positive axons in the graft. SCs secreting both D15A and ChABC yielded the best responses: (1) the largest number of SC myelinated axons, (2) more propriospinal axons in the graft and host tissue around and caudal to it, (3) more corticospinal axons closer to the graft and around and caudal to it, (4) more brainstem neurons projecting caudal to the transplant, (5) increased 5-HT-positive axons in the graft and caudal to it, (6) significant improvement in aspects of locomotion, and (7) improvement in mechanical and thermal allodynia. This is the first evidence that the combination of SC transplants engineered to secrete neurotrophin and chondroitinase further improves axonal regeneration and locomotor and sensory function.
Microwave Assisted Preparation of CdSe, PbSe, and Cu<sub>2</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Se Nanoparticles (2000)

Nanoparticles of various dimensions of II−VI binary chalcogenides CdSe, PbSe, and Cu2-xSe, have been prepared by a very simple fast reaction between acetates or sulfates of Cd, Pb, and Cu and Na2SeSO3 in the presence of complexating agents, using microwave irradiation. The nanoparticles were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
Effects of CPAP on right ventricular myocardial performance index in obstructive sleep apnea patients without hypertension (2006)

CPAP therapy significantly decreases RVFWD and improves right ventricular diastolic and global functions (MPI) in OSA patients without hypertension.
Solution Phase Synthesis of a Library of Tetrasubstituted Pyrrole Amides (2006)

An efficient strategy for the solution-phase parallel synthesis of a library of pyrrole-amides is described. Key reactions include functional homologation of beta-ketoesters with a set of aldehydes followed by oxidation to produce a series of differently substituted 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds. Rapid cyclization using a microwave-assisted Paal-Knorr reaction provided a set of 24 pyrrole esters that were further functionalized through a trimethylaluminum-mediated aminolysis to obtain a larger library of 288 diverse pyrrole-3-amides. The tetrasubstitution allows a good exploration of the chemical space around the central pyrrole core. The last step was entirely automated with a Bohdan Myriad personal synthesizer.
Sports and Media (2003)

1. Introduction 2. Spectator Sports Entertainment 3. Sports and the Press 4. Sports and Radio 5. Sports and Television 6. Sports and the Internet 7 Sports Journalists Sports and Gender Sports and Race 10. Sports, Drugs and Violence 11. Sports and Religion 12. Sports, Media and Economy 13. Sports, Media, Politics, and National Identity 14. Conclusions
Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Hydroxyapatite Coatings on Metallic Implants Using Electrophoretic Deposition (2009)

Electrophoretic deposition (EPD) has been demonstrated to be a convenient processing technique to fabricate composite ceramic coatings containing ordered arrays of carbon nanotubes. In this investigation, EPD was used to coat Ti6Al4V medical implants with hydroxyapatite (HA) layers reinforced with surface functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The functionalization of MWCNTs by treating them with an acid mixture was successfully achieved in order to create functional groups on the MWCNT surfaces enabling them to be homogeneously dispersed in water. The surface treatment was also used to induce the adsorption of HA nanoparticles on MWCNT surfaces. Some critical issues, such as microcracking and peeling of HA layers after EPD, were effectively solved by the use of MWCNTs.
Neural network control of wheelchairs using telemetric head movement (2002)

Powered wheelchairs are traditionally used by people with insufficient upper body strength and dexterity to operate a manual wheelchair. However, the operation of these wheelchairs can still be a difficult and stressful task. Head movement is a natural form of pointing and can be used to directly replace the joystick whilst still allowing for similar control. Through the use of artificial intelligence, a trainable wheelchair controller can be designed which provides an alternative control method with improved posture, ease of use and attractiveness. A computer simulation of this head controlled wheelchair has been successfully designed and tested. It consists of a motion detector for head motion measurement, a telemetry system for the elimination of wiring, and neural networks to provide the system with the ability to be trained for each individual operator irrespective of their disability.
Stability of Non-Foster Reactive Elements for Use in Active Metamaterials and Antennas (2012)

During the last couple years there have been lot of attempts to use negative non-Foster reactive elements for improving the bandwidth of electrically small antennas (ESAs) or metamaterial-based structures. However, negative non-Foster reactive elements are actually electronic circuits that are not absolutely stable, which could impose serious problems in practical applications. This communication studies the stability of several networks with non-Foster reactive elements by using a time domain approach. This will help to model more realistic situations for antenna and metamaterial technology.
Fecal & urinary diversions : management and principles (2004)

Part I: Overview Chapter 1 History of Stoma Creation and Surgical Advances Chapter 2 Roles of the Ostomy Nurse Specialist: Historical Perspective, Role Potential Part II: Fecal Diversions Chapter 3 Anatomy and Physiology of the Gastrointestinal Tract Chapter 4 Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Medical Management Chapter 5 Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Surgical Management Chapter 6 Gastrointestinal Cancers: Medical Management Chapter 7 Gastrointestinal Cancers: Surgical Management Chapter 8 Gastrointestinal Etiologies Leading to a Fecal Diversion Part III: Urinary Diversions Chapter 9 Anatomy and Physiology of the Urinary System Chapter 10 Urinary Diversions Surgical Interventions Part IV: Fecal and Urinary Diversion Management Chapter 11 Preoperative and Postoperative Management Chapter 12 Principles of Stoma Management Chapter 13 Pediatric Ostomies: Pathophysiology and Management Chapter 14 Stomal and Peristomal Complications Chapter 15 Ostomy Adjustment Part V: Related Issues Chapter 16 Medications Affecting Ostomy Function Chapter 17 Tube Management Chapter 18 Fistula Management Chapter 19 Outcomes Measurement Chapter 20 The Use of Telemedicine in Ostomy Management Chapter 21 Accelerated Surgical Stay Chapter 22 Intestinal Transplantation Chapter 23 Minimally Invasive Surgical Techniques Chapter 24 Innovative Approaches to Fecal Incontinence Glossary Appendixes A. Discharge Resources B. Ostomy Related Resources: Clinician and Patient Related C. Nutritional Resources D. Fact Sheets
Review of Low Frame Rate Effects on Human Performance (2007)

In this paper, we conducted a comprehensive survey of the effects of different frame rates (FRs) on human performance and reviewed more than 50 studies and summarized them in the areas of psychomotor performance, perceptual performance, behavioral effects, and subjective perception. Overall, there seems to be strong support for a threshold of around 15 Hz for many tasks, including those that are psychomotor and perceptual in nature. Less impressive yet acceptable performance may be accomplished at around 10 Hz for many tasks. Subjective reactions to the quality and watchability of videos seem to support rates of 5 Hz, although videos presented at 15 Hz and above are generally more widely preferred. These generalizations regarding superior and acceptable FRs may also be subject to the effects of several moderating factors such as display characteristics, nature of the tasks, viewing condition, additional cues, and user experience.
Naturally-Occurring Dibenzofurans. X. A New Synthesis of Di-O-Methylstrepsilin (1986)

A new synthesis of 4,8-dimethoxy-10-methylisobenzofuro[5,4- b]benzofuran-3(1H)-one (di-O-methylstrepsilin) (2), a derivative of the lichen dibenzofuran strepsilin (1), is described.
Micropropulsion using a Nd:YAG microchip laser (2002)

Small, lightweight, low power solid state and semiconductor lasers are enabling the development of a new class of thruster systems for micro- and nanosatellites. These devices generate thrust by laser ablation of a solid propellant using on-board lasers and permit small satellites to perform maneuvers such as orbit maintenance, precision pointing, and formation flying. In this work we present a concept for micropropulsion called the microchip laser thruster (MLT) that is based on laser ablation by a passively Q-switched Nd:YAG microchip laser. The microchip laser enables on-board ablation by sub-ns, high peak power, high repetition rate Gaussian pulses. A propellant feed concept is proposed that consists of a cylindrically shaped solid propellant and a single drive motor. Based on measurements of single pulse laser ablation in aluminum, copper and indium targets, we find that aluminum provides the best overall thrust and specific impulse (I<SUB>sp</SUB>). Specifically, for a MLT system employing a 10 μJ/pulse, 10 kHz, 1064 nm microchip laser and Al propellant, we report the following system parameters: thrust range equals 0.5 μN - 5 μN, I<SUB>sp</SUB> equals 4900 s, system mass equals 455 g, and maximum required power equals 6.5 W. Atomic force and scanning electron microscope images of craters formed by single and multi-pulse ablation are shown to provide insight into effective propellant feed mechanism designs.
Psychological Behaviorism Theory of Bipolar Disorder (2001)

This review addresses the etiology of bipolar disorder and presents the literature within a psychological behaviorism framework (Staats, 1996; Staats &amp; Heiby, 1985). The proposed theory attempts to provide an integrative developmental approach that is grounded in established behavioral principles. The bipolar theory posits 15 hypotheses based on past and concurrent biological and situational factors as well as their interactions with an individual&apos;s basic behavioral repertoires. Implications for subclassification and treatment research are noted. During the past several decades, there has been a proliferation of psychological theories of adult unipolar depression that have been extended to children (e.g., Abramson, Seligman, &amp; Teasdale, 1978; Beck,
Expression of MicroRNAs in the Urinary Sediment of Patients with IgA Nephropathy (2010)

Background: Micro-RNAs (miRNAs) regulate one-third of all protein-coding genes and are fundamental in the pathophysiology of a wide range of diseases. We studied the expression of several miRNA species (miR-200 family, miR-205 and miR-192) in the urinary sediment of patients with IgA nephropathy (IgAN). Methods: We studied 43 patients with biopsy-proven IgAN. Urinary expression of miRNAs was determined and compared to that from 13 healthy controls. Results: The levels of urinary miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429, but not miR-200c, miR-141, miR-205, or miR-192, were down-regulated in patients with IgAN. Proteinuria significantly correlated with urinary expression of miR-200a ( r = −0.483, P < 0.001), miR-200b ( r = −0.448, P = 0.001) and miR-429 ( r = −0.466, P = 0.001). Baseline renal function significantly correlated with urinary expression of miR-200b ( r = 0.512, P < 0.001) and miR-429 ( r = 0.425, P = 0.005). Urinary gene expression of ZEB2 inversely correlated with miR-200b ( r = −0.321, P = 0.017); and vimentin expression inversely correlated with that of miR-200a ( r = −0.360, P = 0.007), miR-200b ( r = −0.416, P = 0.002) and miR-429 ( r = −0.375, P = 0.005). After 33.4 ± 12.6 months, the rate of renal function decline significantly correlated with urinary expression of miR-200b ( r = 0.316, P = 0.034). Conclusions: Urinary expression of miR-200a, miR-200b and miR-429 were down-regulated in patients with IgAN, and the degree of reduction correlated with disease severity and rate of progression. The results suggested that these miRNA species might play important roles in the pathophysiology of IgAN. Further studies are needed to clarify the role of urinary miRNA repression as a non-invasive marker of IgAN.
A New Method for Demethylation of Lignin from Woody Biomass using Biophysical Methods (2013)

Demethylation of softwood kraft lignin from woody biomass to improve the hydroxyl number in modified demethylated lignin and to produce lignin-based polyols was investigated using several biophysical techniques. Lignin is a tremendously under-developed natural polymer co-generated through papermaking and biomass fractionation. Molecular weights of lignins were analyzed by high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC). Molecular weights of softwood kraft lignin (SKL) and demethylated lignin (DL) were determined as 1071 and 891 gmol-1, respectively. For demethylation, iodocyclohexane in dimethyl formamide (DMF) was used under reflux conditions, with a resulting yield of 87%. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to determine characteristic absorption peaks of softwood kraft lignin and demethylated lignin. Significant spectral differences were noticed between the two types of lignin due to changes in chemical structure. Total hydroxyl numbers were determined by titration. Phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (31P-NMR) was employed to analyze the structure of lignin and different types of phenolic hydroxyl units. Nevertheless, further chemical and biological modifications within the lignin molecule are needed for various industrial applications to synthesize polyurethane foam by using chemically modified lignin-based polyols.
Liver Accumulation of TNP-modified Streptavidin and Avidin: Potential use for Targeted Radio- and Chemotherapy (1996)

Hepatic metastases of malignant tumors is a major problem in the treatment of cancers for which the liver is the most common site for recurrences. In the present study we describe a selective delivery system to the liver which may facilitate specific hepatic targeting of anti-cancer agents. Avidin and streptavidin are two biotin-binding proteins with extreme resistance to proteolytic activity. Trinitrophenyl (TNP) modification of these two proteins resulted in specific accumulation in mouse liver with levels of 40-50 percent per gram tissue (%/g) during a period of several days. The two modified proteins could target to the liver high doses of covalently bound radionuclide iodine-125, a biotinylated ligand such as biotinyl-tyrosine (BT) or large biotinylated carriers such as carboxymethyl dextran (CMdex, 40kDa). Appropriately derivatized dextrans serve as carriers for various chemotherapeutic drugs, as demonstrated here for cis-dichlorodiammineplatinum (CDDP). Specific liver targeting of CDDP complexed to CMdex-TNP-streptavidin could be monitored by flame atomic absorption spectrometry of the Pt metal: High levels of the Pt drug were concentrated in the liver for at least 15hr following its targeted delivery as compared to essentially undetectable levels after administration of the free drug.
Interferometry by deconvolution: Part 2 — Theory for elastic waves and application to drill-bit seismic imaging (2008)

Abstract Deconvolution interferometry successfully recovers the impulse response between two receivers without the need for an independent estimate of the source function. Here we extend the method of interferometry by deconvolution to multicomponent data in elastic media. As in the acoustic case, elastic deconvolution interferometry retrieves only causal scattered waves that propagate between two receivers as if one acts as a pseudosource of the point-force type. Interferometry by deconvolution in elastic media also generates artifacts because of a clamped-point boundary condition imposed by the deconvolution process. In seismic-while-drilling (SWD) practice, the goal is to determine the subsurface impulse response from drill-bit noise records. Most SWD technologies rely on pilot sensors and/or models to predict the drill-bit source function, whose imprint is then removed from the data. Interferometry by deconvolution is of most use to SWD applications in which pilot records are absent or provide unreliable estimates of bit excitation. With a numerical SWD subsalt example, we show that deconvolution interferometry provides an image of the subsurface that cannot be obtained by correlations without an estimate of the source autocorrelation. Finally, we test the use of deconvolution interferometry in processing SWD field data acquired at the San Andreas Fault Observatory at Depth (SAFOD). Because no pilot records were available for these data, deconvolution outperforms correlation in obtaining an interferometric image of the San Andreas fault zone at depth.
The association of CD40 polymorphisms with CD40 serum levels and risk of systemic lupus erythematosus (2015)

Our results suggest that CD40 gene may play a role in the development of SLE in the Chinese population.
Shared Access Satellite-Terrestrial Reconfigurable Backhaul Network Enabled by Smart Antennas at MmWave Band (2018)

5G traffic expectations require not only the appropriate access infrastructure, but also the corresponding backhaul infrastructure to ensure well-balanced network scaling. Optical fiber and terrestrial wireless backhaul will hardly meet 100 percent coverage, and satellite must be considered within the 5G infrastructure to boost ubiquitous and reliable network utilization. This work presents the main outcomes of the SANSA project, which proposes a novel solution that overcomes the limitations of the traditional fixed backhaul. It is based on a dynamic integrated satellite- terrestrial backhaul network operating on the mmWave band. Its key principles are seamless integration of the satellite segment into terrestrial backhaul networks, a terrestrial wireless network capable of reconfiguring its topology according to traffic demands, and aggressive frequency reuse within the terrestrial segment and between terrestrial and satellite segments. The two technological enablers of SANSA are smart antenna techniques at mmWave and software defined intelligent hybrid network management. This article introduces these 5G enablers, which permit satellite communications to play a key role in different 5G use cases, from the early deployment of 5G services in sparse scenarios to enhanced mobile broadband in denser scenarios.
Reversible Calcium Plating and Stripping at Room Temperature Using a Borate Salt (2019)

Interest has rekindled in reversible calcium plating and stripping, renewing hopes for the development of Ca-ion batteries. However, the development of an electrolyte that operates at room temperature and is stable to oxidation at practical potentials remains a significant barrier. Here we report the synthesis and crystal structure of a new fluorinated alkoxyborate Ca(B(Ohfip)4)2·4DME salt. Reversible plating and the dissolution of calcium from pure solutions of this salt in dimethoxyethane are demonstrated at 25 °C with capacities of 1 mAh cm–2 at a rate of 0.5 mA cm–2 over 30–40 cycles, with an anodic stability of >4.1 V vs Ca/Ca2+ (and up to 4.9 V in dimethyltriflamide). The dominant product is calcium, accompanied by CaF2 that forms by the reduction of the fluorinated anion. Whereas the cathodic stability requires improvement, this work shows that facile calcium plating and stripping at room temperature can be achieved using bulk electrodes.
Forces in the Knee Joint Whilst Rising from Normal and Motorized Chairs (1979)

Knee joint forces were determined by kinesiological techniques using a high speed camera and force platforms so that a comparison could be made for rising from a normal chair without the aid of arms and with the aid of a motorized chair. For rising from a normal chair, the knee joint forces parallel to the long axis of the tibia at the point of contact between the tibia and femur, were found to be up to seven times body weight at about the time when the body left contact with the chair. Using a motorized chair the knee joint forces were reduced to less than body weight until normal standing was achieved.
Incorporation of double artificial pinning centers in YBa<sub>2</sub>Cu<sub>3</sub>O<sub>7−<i>d</i></sub>films (2007)

YBa2Cu3O7−x+BaZrO3+Y2O3 (YBCO+BaZrO3+Y2O3) mixed films were prepared on SrTiO3/MgO substrates by pulsed-laser deposition, with an YBCO+BaZrO3 target with a thin Y2O3 sector stuck on the top. The pinning properties for the double-doped YBCO+BaZrO3+Y2O3 thin film were enhanced in comparison with those of a pure YBCO sample prepared in the same experimental conditions. The maximum global pinning forces Fp for the double-doped sample are 12.8 GN m−3 near 3 T at 77 K, 46.3 GN m−3 near 4 T at 65 K, and 122 GN m−3 near 9 T at 40 K. In the double-doped sample the angular dependence of Jc showed a broad peak at , due to the flux pinning by c-axis correlated defects, combined with a plateau, due to the flux pinning by isotropic pinning centers. Both BaZrO3 nanorods parallel to the c-axis and Y2O3 nanoparticles randomly dispersed inside the YBCO matrix were consistently observed in the cross sectional transmission electron microscopy images.
DNA Mutation Detection in a Polymer Microfluidic Network Using Temperature Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (2004)

A miniaturized system for DNA mutation analysis, utilizing temperature gradient gel electrophoresis (TGGE) in a polycarbonate (PC) microfluidic device, is reported. TGGE reveals the presence of sequence heterogeneity in a given heteroduplex sample by introducing a thermal denaturing gradient that results in differences between the average electrophoretic mobilities of DNA sequence variants. Bulk heater assemblies are designed and employed to externally generate temperature gradients in spatial and temporal formats along the separation channels. TGGE analyses of model mutant DNA fragments, each containing a single base substitution, are achieved using both single- and 10-channel parallel measurements in a microfluidic platform. Additionally, a comprehensive polymer microfluidic device containing an integrated microheater and sensor array is developed and demonstrated for performing spatial TGGE for DNA mutation analysis. The device consists of two PC modular substrates mechanically bonded together. One substrate is embossed with microchannels, and the other contains a tapered microheater, lithographically patterned along with an array of temperature sensors. Compared with the external heating approaches, the integrated platform provides significant reduction in power requirement and thermal response time while establishing more accurate and highly effective control of the temperature gradient for achieving improved separation resolution.