gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechano-Electronic Transducer (1947)

A mechano-electronic transducer is a system in which a voltage is developed by the motion of one or more of the elements in a diode, triode or other multielement electron tube. The electronic transducer possesses the following fundamental advantages; the vibrating element in the electronic transducer can be made very small with a resultant low mechanical impedance, the electrical power is not derived from the actuating system, therefore, the reaction into the actuating system is negligible, and there are innumerable possibilities in mixing, etc., in complex transducers. An electronic transducer has been developed which is suitable for the generating element in microphones, phonograph pick-ups, vibration pick-ups, etc. Phonograph pick-ups have been developed employing electronic transducers. The advantages are, high output, relatively low electrical resistive impedance, low acoustical noise, light stylus pressure with resultant low record wear, and stability under temperature and humidity changes. Microphones have been developed using the electronic transducer in which the output is comparable to carbon microphones.
A design approach to passive interconnects for single flux quantum logic circuits (2003)

We developed a design approach for interface circuits to connect Single Flux Quantum (SFQ) cells by using passive transmission lines (PTL's). In the approach, an interface circuit between a PTL and JTL is optimized to obtain a standard interface circuit, and then, modifications are made to previously designed SFQ cells and the standard interface circuit to connect the SFQ cells by using PTL's. The key point is the use of approximately the same interface circuit with every SFQ cell to maintain the matching condition between the interface circuit and the PTL's. Based on this approach, we designed an interface circuit and a test circuit composed of two D-flip-flops connected using 2-mm-long PTL's via the interface circuits. The impedance of the PTL was 2 /spl Omega/. We achieved high-speed operation of the test circuit up to 35 GHz with a bias margin of -15/+30%.
Structure of the two related elastase genes expressed in the rat pancreas. (1984)

We have isolated and characterized rat genomic DNA fragments bearing the two secretory elastase genes that are expressed in the exocrine pancreas. The complete exonic sequences for each of the genes as well as considerable intronic and flanking sequences are reported. Each elastase gene is interrupted by seven intervening sequences which are located at corresponding positions within the two genes, with one exception: the third intron of the elastase II gene has shifted one codon in the 5' direction. The placement of introns within the amino acid coding domains in part may reflect the formation of the progenitor serine protease gene by the duplication of an exon encoding a characteristic polypeptide structure comprising three beta sheets. The activation peptides of the zymogens and the signal peptides, which form discrete functional domains in the protein precursors, are encoded by separate exons. In addition to the TATAA box, the two genes share considerable sequence similarity in the 5'-proximal flanking regions (up to approximately 450 base pairs upstream); however, a number of gaps must be introduced to optimize the sequence alignment. The similarities are largely confined to six oligonucleotide regions with greater than 70% sequence conservation. The elastase I gene has a perfect repeating copolymer (GT)24 located 427-379 nucleotides upstream from the start of transcription. The elastase II gene has a similar GT-rich region (52/55 G or T) located 384-330 nucleotides upstream. Comparison of the 5'-flanking regions of the two elastase genes with those of pancreatic chymotrypsin and trypsin I and II reveals that one of the six conserved oligonucleotide regions is generally conserved for these genes as well. This conserved region contains putative enhancer core sequences.
Free radical production in amniotic fluid and blood plasma by medical ultrasound. (1987)

Evidence is reported that continuous wave and long pulse ultrasonic systems can induce relatively large amounts of free radicals in biological fluids in vitro under conditions similar to those currently in use for therapeutic applications. The operating conditions and approximate threshold intensities under which these instruments can produce free radicals are described.
Comparison between 2D and 3D high‐resolution black‐blood techniques for carotid artery wall imaging in clinically significant atherosclerosis (2008)

2D and 3D protocols provided comparable morphometric measurements of the carotid artery. The major advantage of 3D imaging is improved small plaque component visualization, while the 2D technique provides higher reliability for image quality.
Performance and power optimization through data compression in Network-on-Chip architectures (2008)

The trend towards integrating multiple cores on the same die has accentuated the need for larger on-chip caches. Such large caches are constructed as a multitude of smaller cache banks interconnected through a packet-based network-on-chip (NoC) communication fabric. Thus, the NoC plays a critical role in optimizing the performance and power consumption of such non-uniform cache-based multicore architectures. While almost all prior NoC studies have focused on the design of router microarchitectures for achieving this goal, in this paper, we explore the role of data compression on NoC performance and energy behavior. In this context, we examine two different configurations that explore combinations of storage and communication compression: (1) Cache compression (CC) and (2) Compression in the NIC (NC). We also address techniques to hide the decompression latency by overlapping with NoC communication latency. Our simulation results with a diverse set of scientific and commercial benchmark traces reveal that CC can provide up to 33% reduction in network latency and up to 23% power savings. Even in the case of NC - where the data is compressed only when passing through the NoC fabric of the NUCA architecture and stored uncompressed - performance and power savings of up to 32% and 21%, respectively, can be obtained. These performance benefits in the interconnect translate up to 17% reduction in CPI. These benefits are orthogonal to any router architecture and make a strong case for utilizing compression for optimizing the performance and power envelope of NoC architectures. In addition, the study demonstrates the criticality of designing faster routers in shaping the performance behavior.
Gigabit Ethernet Data Multiplexc System (GEDMS) - Enabling the Net-Centric Evolution of Navy Combatants (2006)

The data multiplex system (DMS), AN/USQ-82(V), first installed in the DDG 51 Arleigh Burke class destroyers DDGs 51-78, is a multi-protocol shipwide area network specifically intended for real-time control system communications. Conceived as a redundant coaxial cable system supporting Navy-specific interfaces and communications protocols over a circuit-switched infrastructure, DMS allows the intercommunication of major ship systems. DMS has evolved to incorporate and support open architecture, commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) products. The DMS backbone network was updated to a redundant fiber optic ring system and became the fiber optic data multiplex system (FODMS). Installed or planned for installation in most of the Flight IIA ships of this class (DDGs 79-110), FODMS introduced fiber optics and packet switching. The Gigabit Ethernet data multiplex system (GEDMS), which is the next iteration beyond FODMS, is planned for DDG 111 and follow, as well as being a DMS replacement for DDGs 51-78. GEDMS upgrades the backbone network to a 1 Gb/s redundant Ethernet mesh, bringing enhanced multimedia capability to the ships. This paper traces the evolution of the DMS family of networks, as well as the growing roles of these shipwide networks, as Navy combatants become more network-centric
John Quincy Adams: A Personal History of an Independent Man (1973)

"John Quincy Adams: A Personal History of an Independent Man." History: Reviews of New Books, 1(5), p. 96
IndoTrack (2017)

Indoor human tracking is fundamental to many real-world applications such as security surveillance, behavioral analysis, and elderly care. Previous solutions usually require dedicated device being carried by the human target, which is inconvenient or even infeasible in scenarios such as elderly care and break-ins. However, compared with device-based tracking, device-free tracking is particularly challenging because the much weaker reflection signals are employed for tracking. The problem becomes even more difficult with commodity Wi-Fi devices, which have limited number of antennas, small bandwidth size, and severe hardware noise. In this work, we propose IndoTrack, a device-free indoor human tracking system that utilizes only commodity Wi-Fi devices. IndoTrack is composed of two innovative methods: (1) Doppler-MUSIC is able to extract accurate Doppler velocity information from noisy Wi-Fi Channel State Information (CSI) samples; and (2) Doppler-AoA is able to determine the absolute trajectory of the target by jointly estimating target velocity and location via probabilistic co-modeling of spatial-temporal Doppler and AoA information. Extensive experiments demonstrate that IndoTrack can achieve a 35cm median error in human trajectory estimation, outperforming the state-of-the-art systems and provide accurate location and velocity information for indoor human mobility and behavioral analysis.
Target-activated streptavidin–biotin controlled binding probe (2017)

Target-activated chemical probes are important tools in basic biological research and medical diagnosis for monitoring enzyme activities and reactive small molecules. Based on the fluorescence turn-on mechanism, they can be divided into two classes: dye-based fluorescent probes and caged-luciferin. In this paper, we introduce a new type of chemical probe in which the fluorescence turn-on is based on controlled streptavidin-biotin binding. Compared to conventional probes, the streptavidin-biotin controlled binding probe has several advantages, such as minimal background at its "OFF" state, multiple signal amplification steps, and unlimited selection of the optimal dyes for detection. To expand the scope, a new synthetic method was developed, through which a wider range of analyte recognition groups can be easily introduced to construct the binding probe. This probe design was successfully applied to image and study secreted peroxynitrite (ONOO<sup>-</sup>) at the cell surface of macrophages where information on ONOO<sup>-</sup> is difficult to obtain. As the signals are generated upon the binding of streptavidin to the biotin probe, this highly versatile design can not only be used in fluorescence detection but can also be applied in various other detection modes, such as electrochemical and enzyme-amplified luminescence detection.
Intra-abdominal Packing for Control of Hepatic Hemorrhage (1981)

Presently available techniques for control of hepatic hemorrhage in patients with extensive parenchymal injuries include direct suture, topical hemostatic agents, hepatotomy or resectional debridement with selective vascular ligation, lobectomy, and selective hepatic artery ligation. In many trauma centers the placement of intra-abdominal packing for hepatic tamponade has been an infrequently used technique in recent years. From 1 July 1978 to 1 September 1980, ten patients with continued hepatic parenchymal oozing following all attempts at surgical control of extensive injuries were treated by the insertion of intra-abdominal packing around the liver as a last desperate maneuver. Packing was removed at relaparotomy in four patients and through abdominal drain sites in five patients. Nine of ten patients survived, and there were no instances of rebleeding following removal of the packing. Four patients developed postoperative perihepatic collections and two of the four patients underwent reoperation for drainage. Based on the recent experience at the Ben Taub General Hospital, intra-abdominal packing for control of exsanguinating hepatic hemorrhage appears to be a lifesaving maneuver in highly selected patients in whom coagulopathies, hypothermia, and acidosis make further surgical efforts likely to increase hemorrhage.
Fabrication and characterization of different types of two-dimensional AlGaAs photonic crystal slabs (2002)

Photonic crystals having two-dimensional periodicity on a length scale of 320–450 nm are fabricated by electron beam lithography in combination with high-aspect-ratio dry etching. To achieve three-dimensional control of the optical properties, three kinds of dielectric waveguide structures based on AlGaAs heterostructures, that is, semiconductor-clad, air-bridge, and oxide-clad structures, are investigated. The ability to guide light through such photonic crystal devices is demonstrated by optical transmission measurements. Clear photonic band gap effects resulting in 30 dB attenuation of the transmitted light can be observed in the stop-band regions. The measured results are in good agreement with theoretical band-structure calculations and with numerically computed transmission spectra obtained by the finite-difference time-domain method.
Hedgehog Signaling and Human Disease (2002)

Developmental pathways first elucidated by genetic studies in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster are conserved in vertebrates. The hedgehog pathway, first discovered because of its involvement in early Drosophila development, plays a key role in human embryogenesis. Dissruption of this pathway has been associated with congenital anomalies of the central nervous system, axial skeleton, limbs, and occasionally other organs. Many developmental genes continue to play an important role in regulation of cell growth and differentiation after embryogenesis, and mutations that lead to activation of the hedgehog pathway result in skin cancer and other malignancies in children and adults.
Latin American Postmodernisms (1997)

Richard A. YOUNG: Preface. Wladimir KRYSINSKI: Rethinking Postmodernism (With Some Latin American Excurses). Alfonso DE TORO: The Epistemological Foundations of the Contemporary Condition: Latin America in Dialogue with Postmodernity and Postcoloniality. Daniel CASTILLO-DURANTE: From Postmodernity to the Rubbish Heap: Latin America and its Cultural Practices. Sabine HOFMANN: Transculturacion and Creolization: Concepts of Caribbean Cultural Theory. George LANG: Papiamentu, the Caribbean Paradigm and Cultural Fractality. Catherine den TANDT: Caribbean Sounds: Salsa and Cultural Identity in Puerto Rico. Maximilien LAROCHE: Haitian Postmodernisms. Iris M. ZAVALA: The Caribbean: A Common Discourse?, or the Burden of Amontillado. (An Essay in Critical Fiction) Catherine POUPENEY HART: The Mexican Dream and the Eclipse of the Other: Rewriting History for Modern and Postmodern Times. Maria Cristina PONS: The Cannibalism of History: The Historical Representation of an Absent Other in El Entenado by Juan Jose Saer. Amaryll CHANADY: Abel Posse and the Rewriting of the Aguirre Myth. Daniel F. CHAMBERLAIN: Latin American Narrative: Perspectives and the Postmodern Context. Monica ZAPATA: Like Water for Chocolate and the Free Circulation of Cliches. Claudine POTVIN: De-Scribing Post-modern Feminism. Francine MASIELLO: Este pobre fin de siglo: Intellectuals and Cultural Minorities During Argentina's Ten Years of Democracy. Doreley COLL: Postmodern Discourse: Subversive Re-writing in Clarice Lispector. Z. Nelly MARTINEZ: Cristina Peri Rossi's The Ship of Fools, or The Garden of Forking Desire(s).
A zinc-oxide thin-film transistor using a spun-on dielectric and gate electrode (2009)

This paper presents an organic–inorganic hybrid transparent thin-film transistor (TTFT) with an active channel of zinc-oxide (ZnO). The solution-processed stagger type device consists of methyl-siloxane-based spin-on glass (SOG) and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) : poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT : PSS) for the dielectric and gate electrode, respectively. The TTFT, fabricated by this method, has an optical transmittance of 67.4%, and it displays a field effect mobility of 20.65 cm2 V−1 s−1, an on/off ratio of >104, a threshold voltage of 6.9 V and a subthreshold swing of 1.02 V/decade when the drain voltage (VDS) is 20 V.
On the determination of film stress from substrate bending: STONEY´s formula and its limits (2006)

The paper examines the problem of film stress applying a correct three dimensional model. The results are compared with two different forms of Stoney´s equation existing in the Litera-ture and being widely used in the determination of stresses in thin films. It is shown theoretically that only one of the forms is based on an adequate model and yields accurate results whereas the other causes errors of about 30-40 % for typical substrate materi-als. In addition limits for the applicability of the correct Stoney equation are given.
<i>p</i>‐Toluenesulfonyl Chloride as an Activating Agent of Agarose for the Preparation of Immobilized Affinity Ligands and Proteins (1980)

A number of biomolecules were coupled covalently by nucleophilic displacement to agarose preparations substituted with tosyl groups. In one series of experiments N6-(6-aminohexyl)-adenosine 5'-monophosphate and N6-(6-aminohexyl)adenosine 2',5'-bisphosphate were bound by their terminal amino groups to the polysaccharide support. It could be shown that from a mixture of lactate and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase the immobilized monophosphate showed bio-affinity only for NAD+-dependent lactate dehydrogenase, whereas the immobilized bisphosphate showed affinity only for the NADP+-dependent 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Furthermore, the immobilized monophosphate (5 mumol/g wet gel) was applied for the single-step purification of lactate dehydrogenase from crude beef heart extract. To demonstrate the immobilization of proteins, soybean trypsin inhibitor (75 mg/g dry support) was immobilized to tosylated agarose, tested as affinity chromatography material and shown to bind 60 mg trypsin/g dry gel. Horseradish peroxidase and horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase were used as model enzymes. Although no optimization had been attempted, the former (approximately 70 mg/g dry support) had a coupling yield of approximately 18% with a specific activity (relative to soluble enzyme) of approximately 10%, whereas approximately 60% of alcohol dehydrogenase was coupled (approximately 100 mg/g dry support) with a specific activity of approximately 25%.
Iterative Decision-Directed Joint Frequency Offset and Channel Estimation for KSP-OFDM (2012)

We propose an iterative decision-directed joint frequency offset (FO) and channel estimation algorithm in a known symbol padding (KSP) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) system, where the guard interval is filled with pilot symbols. Besides those time domain pilot symbols, some additional pilot symbols are transmitted on the pilot carriers. The decision-directed algorithm is initialized by pilot-aided FO estimation without channel knowledge. We propose a possible initialization algorithm that operates in the frequency domain (FD). After the initialization phase, the iterative decision-directed estimation algorithm is applied. For the channel estimation step, an existing pilot-aided channel estimation algorithm is extended to a decision-directed algorithm which uses the Fast Fourier Transform outputs at both the pilot and data carrier positions. For the uncoded case, the proposed iterative decision-directed joint FO and channel estimation algorithm reaches the bit error rate performance of a receiver with perfect synchronization and perfect channel knowledge. For a coded system, there is small loss in performance of less than 1 dB when our proposed algorithm is applied compared to a receiver with perfect knowledge about the FO and the channel.
Distributed multimedia presentation system based on the MHEG (2002)

This paper presents a method to interchange the multimedia information objects between heterogeneous systems in a network environment, and to interactively provide the information to users by interpreting the multimedia synchronization relation and the hypermedia link relation. The MHEG standard has been adopted to improve the reusability and the interchangeability of multimedia information, and to synchronize various media in time and space. The MHEG Presentation System has been implemented to interpret and present the multimedia information objects based on the MHEG specification. The MHEG Presentation System with client/server architecture allows the low-cost PCs to present the multimedia information by separately performing the interpretation and the presentation of information objects.
cDNA Cloning of the Hepatocyte Canalicular Isoform of the Multidrug Resistance Protein, cMrp, Reveals a Novel Conjugate Export Pump Deficient in Hyperbilirubinemic Mutant Rats (1996)

ATP-dependent transport of glutathione and glucuronate conjugates from hepatocytes into bile is mediated by a distinct member of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily. We have cloned and sequenced the canalicular isoform of the multidrug resistance protein from rat liver, and termed it cMrp. This membrane glycoprotein is composed of 1541 amino acids with an identity of 47.8% with the human multidrug resistance protein (MRP) and of 41.9% with the yeast cadmium factor (YCF1). The carboxyl-terminal 130 amino acids of the human hepatocyte canalicular isoform of MRP (cMRP) were 80.2% identical with rat cMrp. cMrp was not expressed in the liver of two mutant rat strains, the Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rat and the GY/TR- mutant, which are deficient in the ATP-dependent transport of conjugates across the canalicular membrane. Immunoblotting using an antibody raised against the carboxyl terminus of cMrp detected the glycoprotein of about 190 kDa only in the canalicular membrane from normal liver. Double immunofluorescence and confocal laser scanning microscopy localized cMrp exclusively to the canalicular membrane domain of hepatocytes and demonstrated its loss in the hyperbilirubinemic mutant rat. The results identify cMrp as a canalicular transport protein with a novel sequence and with a function similar to the one of the MRP.
Simvastatin local drug delivery in smokers with chronic periodontitis: a randomized controlled clinical trial (2013)

There was a greater decrease in mSBI and PD and more CAL gain with significant IBD fill at sites treated with SRP plus locally delivered SMV in smokers with chronic periodontitis.
Genotypic and Phenotypic Changes in the Emergence of<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 (1998)

Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a foodborne pathogen distinguished from typical E. coli by the production of Shiga toxins (Stx) and the inability to ferment sorbitol (SOR) and to express beta-glucuronidase (GUD) activity. An allele-specific probe for the GUD gene (uidA) and multilocus enzyme electrophoresis were used to elucidate stages in the evolutionary emergence of E. coli O157: H7. A point mutation at +92 in uidA was found only in O157:H7 and its nonmotile relatives, including a SOR+ O157:H clone implicated in outbreaks of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in Germany. The results support a model in which O157:H7 evolved sequentially from an O55:H7 ancestor, first by acquiring the Stx2 gene and then by diverging into two branches; one became GUD- SOR- , resulting in the O157:H7 clone that spread worldwide, and the other lost motility, leading to the O157:H clone that is an increasing public health problem in Europe.