gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Common Communication Interface (CCI) (2011)

There are many APIs for connecting and exchanging data between network peers. Each interface varies wildly based on metrics including performance, portability, and complexity. Specifically, many interfaces make design or implementation choices emphasizing some of the more desirable metrics (e.g., performance) while sacrificing others (e.g., portability). As a direct result, software developers building large, network-based applications are forced to choose a specific network API based on a complex, multi-dimensional set of criteria. Such trade-offs inevitably result in an interface that fails to deliver some desirable features. In this paper, we introduce a novel interface that both supports many features that have become standard (or otherwise generally expected) in other communication interfaces, and strives to export a small, yet powerful, interface. This new interface draws upon years of experience from network-oriented software development best practices to systems-level implementations. The goal is to create a relatively simple, high-level communication interface with low barriers to adoption while still providing important features such as scalability, resiliency, and performance. The result is the Common Communications Interface (CCI): an intuitive API that is portable, efficient, scalable, and robust to meet the needs of network-intensive applications common in HPC and cloud computing.
History in Communist China. Edited by Albert Feuerwerker. Cambridge, Massachusetts: The MIT Press, 1968. xiv, 382 pp. Index. $12.50. (1969)

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Behaviour and reproduction of cereal aphids in relation to changes in the content of water and free amino acids in wheat during the growing season (1987)

Abstract Under glasshouse conditions, the reproduction and behaviour of the aphids Macrosiphum avenae (MA), Metopolophium dirhodum (MD ), and Rhopalosiphum padi (RP ) on the Slavia winter wheat were studied parallel with the content of water and free amino acids in the leaves of the control plants in the course of the growing season. A rapid growth of the level of free amino acids at the beginning of the flowering stage was accompanied by the growth of the reproduction of the aphids. The decrease of water content in the leaves in the middle of the flowering period was followed by a reduction of the reproduction of MD ; however, no such decrease was observed in MA and RP . Immediately after abrupt change in the concentration of some free amino acids in the leaves (increase in glutamic acid, glutamine, Y‐amino butyric acid, phenylalanine, and proline; decrease in methionine), the aphids MA and RP left the leaves to move to the stem ( RP ) and ears ( MA ). The comparison of the behaviour and reproduction of aphids and results of wheat leaf analysis drew attention to the differences in the requirements of cereal aphids to the quality of the food consumed and to water content in the host tissues. Zusammenfassung Verhaltensweise und Reproduktion von Getreideblattläusen in Beziehung zu Veränderungen des Wasser‐ und freien Aminosäurengehaltes im Weizen während der Vegetationsperiode Die Reproduktion und das Verhalten von Macrosiphum avenae (MA), Metopolophium dirhodum (MD ) und Rhopalosiphum padi (RP ) auf Winterweizen wurde unter Glasnausbedingungen untersucht. Gleichzeitig wurde während der Vegetationsperiode unter denselben Bedingungen der Wasser‐ und freie Aminosäurengehalt bei den Kontrollpflanzen verfolgt. Mit dem raschen Anstieg des Niveaus freier Aminosäuren zu Beginn der Blühphase war eine Zunahme der Blattlausreproduktionsrate zu verzeichnen. Der Abnahme des Wassergehaltes in der mittleren Phase der Weizenblüte folgte eine Verringerung der Reproduktion von MD , was bei MA und RP nicht der Fall war. Unmittelbar nach der Veränderung der Konzentration einiger freier Aminosäuren in den Blättern verließen die Blattläuse RP und MA die Blätter und siedelten auf den Halm ( RP ) und in die Ähre ( MA ) über. Der Vergleich der Verhaltensweise und der Reproduktion der Blattläuse mit den Ergebnissen der Weizenblätteranalyse zeigte die unterschiedlichen Ansprüche der Getreideblattläuse an die Futterqualität und an den Wassergehalt des Gewebes der Wirtspflanze.
Deciding ML typability is complete for deterministic exponential time (1990)

A well known but incorrect piece of functional programming folklore is that ML expressions can be efficiently typed in polynomial time. In probing the truth of that folklore, various researchers, including Wand, Buneman, Kanellakis, and Mitchell, constructed simple counterexamples consisting of typable ML programs having length n, with principal types having Ω(2cn) distinct type variables and length Ω(22cn). When the types associated with these ML constructions were represented as directed acyclic graphs, their sizes grew as Ω(2cn). The folklore was even more strongly contradicted by the recent result of Kanellakis and Mitchell that simply deciding whether or not an ML expression is typable is PSPACE-hard.
Identification of <i>Arabidopsis</i> Loci Required for Susceptibility to the Downy Mildew Pathogen <i>Hyaloperonospora parasitica</i> (2005)

Plants are susceptible to a limited number of pathogens. Most infections fail due to active defense or absence of compatibility. Many components of the plant's surveillance system and defense arsenal have been identified in the last decades. However, knowledge is limited on compatibility; in particular, the role of plant factors in the infection process. To gain insight into these processes, we have initiated an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant screen for reduced susceptibility to the downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora parasitica. Ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) mutants were generated in the highly susceptible Arabidopsis line Ler eds1-2. Eight downy mildew-resistant (dmr) mutants were analyzed in detail, corresponding to six different loci. Microscopic analysis showed that, in all mutants, H. parasitica growth was severely reduced. Resistance of dmr3, dmr4, and dmr5 was associated with constitutive expression of PR-1. Furthermore, dmr3 and dmr4, but not dmr5, also were resistant to Pseudomonas syringae and Golovinomyces orontii, respectively. However, enhanced activation of plant defense was not observed in dmr1, dmr2, and dmr6. We postulate that, in these susceptibility mutants, cellular processes are disrupted which are required for H. parasitica infection. This interesting new set of mutants provides a basis to elucidate the molecular processes underlying susceptibility to downy mildew in Arabidopsis.
A selection system for a gas discharge display panel (1971)

High-definition, random access, coordinate display devices need a fast electronic selection system. The selection system discussed here employs submatrices of linear transformers selected by low-power transistor circuitry and provides pulses of defined voltage of either sign and specified duration.
Auxetic Foams for Sport Safety Applications (2015)

Auxetic materials offer potential to be applied to sports safety equipment. This work reports quasi-static and impact testing of auxetic open-cell polyurethane foam - fabricated with a compression and heat treatment process - in comparison to its conventional counterpart. The foam was compressed to 70% of its original dimension along each dimension during the conversion process. Quasi-static compression testing confirmed the converted foam to be auxetic, with a Poisson's ratio of -0.08. Impact testing was performed for energies up to 5.6 J with an instrumented drop rig and high-speed video. Peak accelerations were ∼3 times lower for the auxetic foams, because they prevented bottoming. This work has shown further potential for auxetic foam to be applied to sports safety devices. Future work should look to optimise foam selection and the conversion process, while comparing auxetic foam with existing materials and products.
Design and Transient Computational Fluid Dynamics Study of a Continuous Axial Flow Ventricular Assist Device (2004)

A ventricular assist device (VAD), which is a miniaturized axial flow pump from the point of view of mechanism, has been designed and studied in this report. It consists of an inducer, an impeller, and a diffuser. The main design objective of this VAD is to produce an axial pump with a streamlined, idealized, and nonobstructing blood flow path. The magnetic bearings are adapted so that the impeller is completely magnetically levitated. The VAD operates under transient conditions because of the spinning movement of the impeller and the pulsatile inlet flow rate. The design method, procedure, and iterations are presented. The VAD's performance under transient conditions is investigated by means of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Two reference frames, rotational and stationary, are implemented in the CFD simulations. The inlet and outlet surfaces of the impeller, which are connected to the inducer and diffuser respectively, are allowed to rotate and slide during the calculation to simulate the realistic spinning motion of the impeller. The flow head curves are determined, and the variation of pressure distribution during a cardiac cycle (including systole and diastole) is given. The axial oscillation of impeller is also estimated for the magnetic bearing design. The transient CFD simulation, which requires more computer resources and calculation efforts than the steady simulation, provides a range rather than only a point for the VAD's performance. Because of pulsatile flow phenomena and virtual spinning movement of the impeller, the transient simulation, which is realistically correlated with the in vivo implant scenarios of a VAD, is essential to ensure an effective and reliable VAD design.
Controlling Transgene Escape in Genetically Modified Grasses (2006)

Trait improvement of turfgrass through genetic engineering is important to the turfgrass industry and the environment. However, the possibility of transgene escape to wild and non-transformed species raises commercial and ecological concerns. Male sterility provides an effective way for interrupting gene flow. We have designed and synthesized two chimeric gene constructs consisting of a rice tapetum-specific promoter (TAP) fused to either a ribonuclease gene barnase, or the antisense of a rice tapetum-specific gene rts. Both constructs were linked to the bar gene for selection by resistance to the herbicide glufosinate. Using Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, we have successfully introduced those gene constructs into creeping bentgrass (cv Penn-A-4), producing a total of 219 stably transformed individual events. Tapetum-specific expression of barnase or antisense rts gene did not affect the vegetative phenotype compared with the control plants, and male-sterile flowers were obtained with both constructs. Microscopic studies confirmed the failure of mature pollen formation in male-sterile transgenics. Mendelian segregation of herbicide tolerance and male sterility has been observed in T1 progeny derived from crosses with wild-type plants. Male sterility in transgenic grasses provides the best tool to evaluate gene flow in genetically modified perennial plants and should facilitate the application of genetic engineering in producing environmentally responsible grasses with enhanced traits.
The Effect on Growth and the Toxicity of the Two Isomers of Methionine (1950)

Summary. This paper reports the results of growth tests on young white rats on diets adequate in other respects but containing varying concentrations of L‐ and D‐methionine. The following results were obtained: The concentration required for maintenance of the body‐weight was 0.10 % L‐methionine and 0.12 % D‐methionine in the diet. The effect of the D‐methionine on the growth was merely 76–84 per cent, of that of the L‐methionine. Maximal growth was obtained at a concentration of 0.25–1% L‐methionine and of 0.5C–.2% D‐methionine in the diet. D‐methionine seems to be less toxic than L‐methionine. A toxic effect on the growth (stagnation in weight) resulted at a concentration of 3.5% L‐methionine and of 5.4% D‐methionine in the diet. In default of methionine in the diet the animals had a poor appetite, which immediately improved on the addition of L‐ or D‐methionine. A maximal appetite was obtained with 0.125–1% L‐methionine or 0.125–4% D‐methionine. With higher concentrations a decrease in appetite would appear.
Computational Analysis and Optimization of Blockerless Engine Thrust Reverser Concept (2016)

The aim of this investigation was to perform a parametric computational study of the Blockerless Engine Thrust Reverser System (BETR) concept. Early experimental investigations had revealed that injection flow rates of the order of 3% of the fan flow were needed to divert the entire fan flow out through the cascade opening. For a high bypass ratio engine, this amount was too much to be bled from the compressor. This study performs a more detailed evaluation of the concept and covers cases which could not be tested during the experimental investigation due to the limitations of experimental facility. Numerical model simulating the experimental setup was constructed and effects of various design parameters such as injection location, injection angle, injection thickness, cascade opening and operational parameters such as fan flow and injection flow rates were studied using trajectory based analysis. The results suggest that injection location and injection angle have a profound effect on the performance, and injection flow rates of less than 1.5% could easily divert the entire fan flow through the cascade opening by optimizing parameters of interest.
Subcarrier Allocation for OFDM with Index Modulation (2016)

A subcarrier allocation (SA) scheme was demonstrated to provide useful performance improvements for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. Hence, in this letter, we extend its employment to OFDM with index modulation (OFDM-IM) systems. For the sake of improving the bit error rate (BER) performance, an optimal SA algorithm is first proposed by maximizing the average minimum Euclidean distance based on exhaustive search. Furthermore, for striking a better tradeoff between the complexity imposed and the BER performance attained, we propose a simplified SA algorithm by sorting the channel gains of the subcarriers. Simulation results show that with the aid of SA algorithms, significant performance gains can be achieved over conventional OFDM-IM systems.
Novel energy harvesting using acoustically oscillating microbubbles (2015)

When a bubble hanging on a piezocantilever is excited by an acoustic wave around its resonant frequency, it oscillates and simultaneously generates cavitational microstreaming around it. The microstreaming bends the piezocantilever with fine vibration, resulting in electric power generation from the piezocantilever. In this study, we explore the dynamic behaviors of an acoustically oscillating bubble on the flexible substrate as well as demonstrate applicability of the proposed system to practical applications such as energy harvesting and acoustic wave sensors. First, the effects of an applied frequency and bubble size on the dynamic characteristics of an acoustically oscillating bubble, such as maximum amplitude and resonant frequency, are experimentally investigated. The amplitude of an oscillating bubble is maximized at its resonant frequency, which is inversely proportional to its size. In addition, electrical voltage generated by a piezocantilever attaching with an oscillating bubble is measured at different applied frequencies, bubble sizes, and distances between the bubble and piezoactuator. The results show that the generated voltage is strongly affected by the applied frequency and is inversely proportional to the bubble size and the distance between the bubble and piezoactuator. Finally, the output voltage is almost linearly proportional to the number of bubbles.
Reductive methylation as a tool for the identification of the amino groups in .alpha.-bungarotoxin interacting with nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (1987)

alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha Bgt) is a postsynaptic neurotoxin which blocks cholinergic transmission at the neuromuscular junction by binding tightly to the acetylcholine receptor (AcChR). The number of methylation sites in alpha Bgt has been shown to decrease significantly upon binding of the toxin to the AcChR [Soler, G., Farach, M. C., Farach, H. A., Mattingly, J. R., & Martinez-Carrion, M. (1983) Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 225, 872-878]. We have compared the chemical reactivities of amino groups in free and AcChR-bound alpha Bgt in an attempt to identify the regions in the alpha Bgt molecule that become masked upon binding to the AcChR. Free alpha Bgt and AcChR-bound alpha Bgt were reductively methylated with formaldehyde and sodium cyanoborohydride, and the rate of modification of each one of the available amino groups was followed by cleaving the methylated toxin with V8 protease and resolving the resulting peptides by reversed-phase, high-performance liquid chromatography. Under conditions of limited reagent availability, five of seven amino groups in free alpha Bgt reacted readily, whereas two other amino groups, probably those corresponding to Lys-51 and Lys-70, displayed lower reactivity. Upon binding to the AcChR, the rates of reductive methylation of residues Ile-1, Lys-26, and Lys-38 were considerably reduced (although to differing extents). The degree of protection was most pronounced for Lys-26. The rates of methylation of the amino groups in all other positions remained unchanged. These results allow further definition of the minimal binding surface of a representative neurotoxin.
On the Stereochemical Course of Palladium-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Allylic Silanolate Salts with Aromatic Bromides (2010)

The stereochemical course of palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of an enantioenriched, alpha-substituted, allylic silanolate salt with aromatic bromides has been investigated. The allylic silanolate salt was prepared in high geometrical (Z/E, 94:6) and high enantiomeric (94:6 er) purity by a copper-catalyzed S(N)2' reaction of a resolved allylic carbamate. Eight different aromatic bromides underwent cross-coupling with excellent constitutional site-selectivity and excellent stereospecificity. Stereochemical correlation established that the transmetalation event proceeds through a syn S(E)' mechanism which is interpreted in terms of an intramolecular delivery of the arylpalladium electrophile through a key intermediate that contains a discrete Si-O-Pd linkage.
Telomeres: Cancer to Human Aging (2006)

The cell phenotypes of senescence and crisis operate to circumscribe the proliferative potential of mammalian cells, suggesting that both are capable of operating in vivo to suppress the formation of tumors. The key regulators of these phenotypes are the telomeres, which are located at the ends of chromosomes and operate to protect the chromosomes from end-to-end fusions. Telomere erosion below a certain length can trigger crisis. The relationship between senescence and telomere function is more complex, however: Cell-physiological stresses as well as dysfunction of the complex molecular structures at the ends of telomeric DNA can trigger senescence. Cells can escape senescence by inactivating the Rb and p53 tumor suppressor proteins and can surmount crisis by activating a telomere maintenance mechanism. The resulting cell immortalization is an essential component of the tumorigenic phenotype of human cancer cells. Here we discuss how telomeres are monitored and maintained and how loss of a functional telomere influences biological functions as diverse as aging and carcinogenesis.
Newsletter: August 2017 (2017)

Building News… Cheyne Walk George Eliot’s last home for a few weeks. Purchased for 15m two years ago by billionaire Michael Bloomberg, the house is empty and appears to be undergoing major alterations. We suggested a donation towards our Visitor Centre from the Bloomberg Foundation but answer came there none. Bird Grove First the good news. Four years after we complained to Coventry City Council they have replaced the sign which had spelt Eliot with two ‘I’s, one of which they painted white! Unfortunately, the building associated with the road, Bird Grove, is empty, neglected and up to let. It has a chequered career since 1850, as a private residence (the only early pictures of the interior date from the centenary 1919 celebrations in Conventry), more recently as an evangelical church which dug a baptismal pool in the sitting room, and latterly a Bangladeshi community centre which did great work in the area until EU money dried up. Building at Griff- GE Vistor Centre Five years on, the building is in a parlous state. We are resubmitting planning applications and Whitbread is still committed to up to 180K but we are now at the paperwork and legal stage with Whitbread, necessary before submitting HLF application, which will happen in the net six week. Members have contributed 6652 so far and once HLF is granted we think local businesses will give more. We are bursting with ideas for using the Centre when it is open, and it will be fabulous as a base for the 2019 bi-centenary celebrations. Coventry hopes to be City of Culture in 2021. What fantastic opportunity for the city to establish in this building, so important tin the making of George Eliot, a cultural centre to celebrate the city’s now diverse population. We have written to appeal to the city council and Coventry University to find a way together to find a useful function for this Grade II listed building which would do justice to the memory of the great writer who spent her intellectually formative years here.
[Comparative study of bioactive calcium phosphate ceramics after implantation in spongy bone in dogs. Histologic, ultrastructural and electron probe microanalysis]. (1989)

An experimental model of posterior spine arthrodesis in dogs was created using 3 types of calcium phosphate biomaterials already known for their applications as bone substitutes, namely: hydroxyapatite (HA), which is not readily resorbable; highly resorbable tricalcium phosphate (TCP); and a mixture of HA and TCP (BCP), the resorbability of which depends on the proportion of HA and TCP. The BCP implants had a macroporous structure, whilst the HA and TCP implants were used in dense form. The creation of macropores increases the surface exchange area, thus enabling the osseous colonization processes. By carefully removing the posterior articular facets it was possible to remove the articular surfaces and to fit into each appropriate location a block a few millimeters in diameter. The anatomopathological assessment was performed using histological methods, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersion microprobe analysis. Our results indicate that calcium phosphate ceramics may be used as bone substitutes for carrying out arthrodeses, provided (1) immediate immobilization using a spine containment technique is effected; (2) their chemical composition is sufficiently stable over time; (3) they are sufficiently bioactive so as to allow their colonization and replacement by bone.
Time and money: effects of no-shows at a family practice residency clinic. (2001)

Failed appointments pose financial as well as administrative problems for residency practices. Proactive reminder systems are needed to promote patient attendance.