gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic Reprogramming of Histone Acetylation and Methylation in the First Cell Cycle of Cloned Mouse Embryos1 (2007)

Epigenetic reprogramming is thought to play an important role in the development of cloned embryos reconstructed by somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT). In the present study, dynamic reprogramming of histone acetylation and methylation modifications was investigated in the first cell cycle of cloned embryos. Our results demonstrated that part of somatic inherited lysine acetylation on core histones (H3K9, H3K14, H4K16) could be quickly deacetylated following SCNT, and reacetylation occurred following activation treatment. However, acetylation marks of the other lysine residues on core histones (H4K8, H4K12) persisted in the genome of cloned embryos with only mild deacetylation occurring in the process of SCNT and activation treatment. The somatic cloned embryos established histone acetylation modifications resembling those in normal embryos produced by intracytoplasmic sperm injection through these two different programs. Moreover, treatment of cloned embryos with a histone deacetylase inhibitor, Trichostatin A (TSA), improved the histone acetylation in a manner similar to that in normal embryos, and the improved histone acetylation in cloned embryos treated with TSA might contribute to improved development of TSA-treated clones. In contrast to the asymmetric histone H3K9 tri- and dimethylation present in the parental genomes of fertilized embryos, the tri- and dimethylations of H3K9 were gradually demethylated in the cloned embryos, and this histone H3K9 demethylation may be crucial for gene activation of cloned embryos. Together, our results indicate that dynamic reprogramming of histone acetylation and methylation modifications in cloned embryos is developmentally regulated.
Faster Imaging with Randomly Perturbed, Undersampled Spirals and |L|_1 Reconstruction (2004)

We propose a fast imaging method based on undersampled k-space spiral sampling and non-linear reconstruction. Our approach is inspired by theoretical results in sparse signal recovery [1,2] showing that compressible signals can be completely recovered from randomly undersampled frequency data. Since random sampling in frequency space is impractical for MRI hardware, we develop a practical strategy allowing 50 % undersampling by adapting spiral MR imaging. We introduce randomness by
Physical limits of semiconductor laser operation: A time-resolved analysis of catastrophic optical damage (2010)

The early stages of catastrophic optical damage (COD) in 808 nm emitting diode lasers are mapped by simultaneously monitoring the optical emission with a 1 ns time resolution and deriving the device temperature from thermal images. COD occurs in highly localized damage regions on a 30 to 400 ns time scale which is determined by the accumulation of excess energy absorbed from the optical output. We identify regimes in which COD is avoided by the proper choice of operation parameters.
Holographic Formation of Electro-Optical Polymer–Liquid Crystal Photonic Crystals (2002)

The single-step fabrication of 3D electro-optical photonic crystals is described. Holographic polymerization of a monomer–liquid crystal mixture is employed, whereby liquid crystal separates as nanoscale droplets at crystal lattice or interstitial points within a crosslinked polymer matrix. The Figure shows the laser intensity pattern in the xy-plane for recording an orthorhombic photonic crystal.
Changes in endocannabinoid transmission in the basal ganglia in a rat model of Huntington's disease (2001)

Recent studies have demonstrated a loss of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the basal ganglia in Huntington's disease (HD), but there are no data on endocannabinoid levels in this disease. In the present study, we have addressed this question by using rats with bilateral intrastriatal injections of 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP), a toxin that, through the selective damage of striatal GABAergic efferent neurons, produces a useful model of HD. Twelve days after the lesion, 3-NP-lesioned rats exhibited motor disturbances, characterized by an ambulatory hyperactivity accompanied by a loss of guided activities. Analysis of GABA contents in the basal ganglia showed a trend towards a reduction compatible with motor hyperactivity. In addition, CB1 receptor binding and, to a greater extent, CB1 receptor activation of GTP-binding proteins, were also reduced in the basal ganglia. These changes were paralleled by a decrease of the contents of the two endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, in the striatum, and by an increase, particularly of anandamide, in the ventral mesencephalon where the substantia nigra is located. Both CB1 receptors and endocannabinoid levels were not altered in the cerebral cortex, an area not affected by the lesion. In summary, behavioral and biochemical changes observed in rats intrastriatally lesioned with 3-NP were similar to those occurring in the brain of HD patients. As expected, a loss of CB1 receptor function was evident in the basal ganglia of these rats and this was accompanied by different changes in endocannabinoid levels.
Full-length cDNA cloning utilizing the polymerase chain reaction, a degenerate oligonucleotide sequence and a universal mRNA primer. (1990)

A full-length cDNA was selectively amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) utilizing a primer pair consisting of a "universal" 21-base synthetic deoxyoligonucleotide (oligo dT 17GGCC) and a specific degenerate deoxyoligonucleotide sequence (DOS) derived from the N-terminal amino acid sequence. This double-stranded amplified cDNA was uni-directionally cloned into M13mp19 utilizing two restriction sites that had been previously incorporated into the termini of the universal and specific DOS primers. Cloning of the specific cDNA via this PCR amplification with the universal/specific DOS primer pair approach was confirmed by screening with a second DOS contiguous with the DOS employed to prime second (sense)-strand cDNA synthesis. This technique allows for the selective full-length cDNA cloning of low-abundance mRNAs from a single-protein sequence determination.
Mucin biosynthesis. Properties of a bovine tracheal mucin β-6-<i>N</i>-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (1985)

We have characterized a bovine tracheal mucin beta-6-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase that catalyses the transfer of N-acetylglucosamine from UDP-N-acetylglucosamine to the C-6 of the N-acetylgalactosamine residue of galactosyl-beta 1----3-N-acetylgalactosamine. Optimal enzyme activity was obtained between pH 7.5-8.5, at 5mM-MnCl2, and at 0.06-0.08% (v/v) Triton X-100 (or Nonidet P-40), or 0.5-5.0% (v/v) Tween 20. Ba2+, Mg2+ and Ca2+ could partially replace Mn2+, but Co2+, Fe2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ could not. Sodium dodecyl sulphate, cetylpyridinium chloride, sodium deoxycholate, octyl beta-D-glucoside, digitonin and alkyl alcohols were less effective in enhancing enzyme activity, and dimethyl sulphoxide was ineffective. The apparent Michaelis constants were 1.25 mM for UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, 0.94-3.34 mM for freezing-point-depressing glycoprotein and 0.19 mM for periodate-treated blood-group-A porcine submaxillary mucin. Asialo ovine submaxillary mucin could not serve as the glycosyl acceptor. The structure of the 14C-labelled oligosaccharide obtained by alkaline-borohydride treatment of the product was identified as Gal beta 1----3(Glc-NAc beta 1----6)N-acetylgalactosaminitol by beta-hexosaminidase treatment, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and 1H-n.m.r. (270 MHz) analysis. The enzyme is important in the regulation of mucin oligosaccharide biosynthesis.
Prebiotics in infants for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity (2007)

There is insufficient evidence to determine the role of prebiotic supplementation of infant formula for prevention of allergic disease and food hypersensitivity. One small trial of prebiotic oligosaccharides with excess losses reported a reduction in eczema in high risk formula fed infants. Further trials are needed to determine whether this finding persists over a longer period of time, applies to other manifestations of allergic disease, is associated with reductions in allergen sensitisation, and is reproducible.
The OpenAccess coalition - the drive to an open industry standard information model, API, and reference implementation for IC design data (2003)

The rapidly increasing complexity of integrated circuit design can only be addressed effectively by a design system architecture that supports very efficient, high-quality sharing of IC design data. Integration of the wide variety of tools required to design and verify the performance and quality of ICs can no longer depend on low-bandwidth file formats. Rather, an application programming interface (API) to a standard information model (IM) that provides access to a shared database is an essential infrastructure component of today's IC design systems. Furthermore, this design data API should be standard across the IC CAD industry so that design systems can efficiently draw from best-of-class applications from all sources in the EDA industry. The tight coupling of all tools through a common IM/API enables rapid design convergence with an earlier emphasis on quality issues, which results in higher quality ICs while meeting aggressive time-to-market demands.
Time-resolved infrared radiometry of laser-heated silicon (1989)

Time-resolved pulsed photothermal radiometry techniques for the study of the thermal and optical properties of silicon are discussed. By the use of a one-dimensional thermal diffusion equation, a theoretical description for the transient thermal radiation can be developed. Results obtained for relatively heavily doped samples (~0.002 Ω-cm) show that the pulsed photothermal radiometry is an excellent remote diagnostic technique for silicon over a wide range of relatively heavy doping levels. For lightly doped samples (~5 Ω-cm), an anomalously large thermal radiation signal is observed that contradicts the predictions of the thermal diffusion model. The phenomenon can be explained by the enhancement of the gray-body emissivity due to laser-generated free carriers. A simple theoretical model for the free-carrier effect is presented.
Accessory protein function in the DNA polymerase III holoenzyme from <i>E. coli</i> (1992)

DNA polymerases which duplicate cellular chromosomes are multiprotein complexes. The individual functions of the many proteins required to duplicate a chromosome are not fully understood. The multiprotein complex which duplicates the Escherichia coli chromosome, DNA polymerase III holoenzyme (holoenzyme), contains a DNA polymerase subunit and nine accessory proteins. This report summarizes our current understanding of the individual functions of the accessory proteins within the holoenzyme, lending insight into why a chromosomal replicase needs such a complex structure.
Internalized stigma in people with severe mental illness in rural China (2017)

Self-stigma is common and severe in persons with schizophrenia, major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder, especially those with lower income status in rural community in China. Persons with schizophrenia may have higher levels of self-stigma than those with bipolar disorder. Individual-level interventions should be developed to reduce self-stigma among persons with SMI in Chinese rural communities.
High-Efficiency Hybrid Polymer Solar Cells with Inorganic P- and N-Type Semiconductor Nanocrystals to Collect Photogenerated Charges (2010)

Efficient charge collection is one of the most important factors to achieve high power conversion efficiency for the bulk-heterojunction solar cells based on polymer blend films. We report enhanced hybrid polymer solar cells based on blends of a semiconducting polymer poly[2-methoxy-5-(2′-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene] (MEH-PPV) as electron donor and crystalline n-type ZnO nanoparticle as electron acceptor by using p-type semiconducting Cu2O nanocrystal as an anode buffer layer between the indium tin oxide (ITO) anode and the MEH-PPV:ZnO blend layer. The p-type Cu2O nanocrystals of 30−40 nm diameter dispersed on ITO anode surface percolate into the MEH-PPV:ZnO blend layer serving as hole collection antenna to efficiently collect holes. The results show that the charge recombination in the MEH-PPV:ZnO blend layer resulting from low charge mobility of MEH-PPV is effectively restrained via hole-transport bypass of Cu2O nanocrystals. Compared to the control device with poly(ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) as a flat anode buffer layer, the short-circuit current increases 45% for the device with Cu2O nanocrystal as an anode buffer layer. Moreover, the lower ionization potential of Cu2O nanocrystal renders the device a high open-circuit voltage compared to the device with PEDOT:PSS as an anode buffer layer. The optimal device with Cu2O nanocrystal as an anode buffer layer shows a power conversion efficiency of 2.0%, a 132% increase compared to the device with PEDOT:PSS as an anode buffer layer.
Computer Speech Recognition in Psychiatry (1998)

As her patient leaves the consulting room, Susan Roth, M.D., picks up her computer's microphone and begins dictating. Wake up. Open template recurrent major depression. Patient identification: Mr. Johnson is a 64-year-old married white male. Chief complaint: difficulty sleeping, loss of appetite and depressed mood with suicidal ideation for the last three weeks.
An Anonymous Account-Based Mobile Payment Protocol for a Restricted Connectivity Scenario (2007)

Recent advances in m-commerce have raised the usage of scenarios with communication restrictions. These scenarios create new security challenges which must be considered by protocol's designers in order to achieve the same security capabilities as in those protocols designed for mobile payment systems based on a 'Full connectivity' scenario (where all the entities can exchange messages with each other without intermediaries). In this paper, we propose an anonymous payment protocol for a Client Centric Mobile Scenario where the merchant has no direct communication with the acquirer due to absence of Internet access in her infrastructure, and the unaffordability of other communication technologies due to the inconveniences and costs associated. The proposed protocol uses symmetric-key operations which require low computational power and can be processed much faster than asymetric ones. As a result, our proposal illustrates how a merchant can sell goods in a secure way even if she can not directly communicate with the acquirer.
Design of microstrip patch array antenna using beamforming technique for ISM Band (2013)

This paper proposes the design of 4×4 smart antenna array along with the butler matrix network which can be used for beamforming. Unlike the conventional schemes where an array of microstrip patch antennas are used, the radiation becomes omnidirectional and therefore the power losses are more. In the proposed design, the designed antenna is operating at the frequency of ISM Band 2.4 to 2.48 GHz. The smart antenna array consists of microstrip patch antenna with the inclusion of Butler matrix and the performance of the antenna is improved from the obtained simulation results in Advanced design System (ADS).
Nature-inspired interconnects for self-assembled large-scale network-on-chip designs (2007)

Future nanoscale electronics built up from an Avogadro number of components need efficient, highly scalable, and robust means of communication in order to be competitive with traditional silicon approaches. In recent years, the networks-on-chip (NoC) paradigm emerged as a promising solution to interconnect challenges in silicon-based electronics. Current NoC architectures are either highly regular or fully customized, both of which represent implausible assumptions for emerging bottom-up self-assembled molecular electronics that are generally assumed to have a high degree of irregularity and imperfection. Here, we pragmatically and experimentally investigate important design tradeoffs and properties of an irregular, abstract, yet physically plausible three-dimensional (3D) small-world interconnect fabric that is inspired by modern network-on-chip paradigms. We vary the framework's key parameters, such as the connectivity, number of switch nodes, and distribution of long- versus short-range connections, and measure the network's relevant communication characteristics. We further explore the robustness against link failures and the ability and efficiency to solve a simple toy problem, the synchronization task. The results confirm that (1) computation in irregular assemblies is a promising and disruptive computing paradigm for self-assembled nanoscale electronics and (2) that 3D small-world interconnect fabrics with a power-law decaying distribution of shortcut lengths are physically plausible and have major advantages over local two-dimensional and 3D regular topologies.
Electrophoretic Analysis of Lipopolysaccharides of Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria (1988)

Sodium deoxycholate gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the lipopolysaccharides of a variety of species and strains of purple nonsulfur bacteria. The electrophoretic migration patterns found for various lipopolysaccharides indicated their S or R characters, differences in their O-chain lengths, the presence or absence of unsubstituted core stubs, and the approximate sizes of the repeating units. The gel patterns were similar for closely related species (e.g., Rhodopseudomonas viridis and Rhodopseudomonas sulfoviridis or Rhodocyclus tenuis and Rhodocyclus purpureus). Species-specific migration patterns were noted for Rhodocyclus gelatinosus and Rhodopseudomonas viridis. Identical electrophoretic mobilities were observed for different chemo-/serotypes within the same species (e.g., Rhodopseudomonas palustris, Rhodobacter sphaeroides, and Rhodocyclus tenuis). A good correlation between chemo-serotypes and migration patterns was observed. Thus, gel electrophoresis of lipopolysaccharides proved to be useful for chemotaxonomic investigations.
In Vivo Replication of an ICP34.5 Second-Site Suppressor Mutant following Corneal Infection Correlates with In Vitro Regulation of eIF2α Phosphorylation (2003)

In animal models of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) infection, ICP34.5-null viruses are avirulent and also fail to grow in a variety of cultured cells due to their inability to prevent RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-mediated inhibition of protein synthesis. We show here that the inability of ICP34.5 mutants to grow in vitro is due specifically to the accumulation of phosphorylated eIF2 alpha. Mutations suppressing the in vitro phenotype of ICP34.5-null mutants have been described which map to the unique short region of the HSV-1 genome, resulting in dysregulated expression of the US11 gene. Despite the inability of the suppressor mutation to suppress the avirulent phenotype of the ICP34.5-null parental virus following intracranial inoculation, the suppressor mutation enhanced virus growth in the cornea, trigeminal ganglia, and periocular skin following corneal infection compared to that with the ICP34.5-null virus. The phosphorylation state of eIF2 alpha following in vitro infection with the suppressor virus was examined to determine if in vivo differences could be attributed to differential regulation of eIF2 alpha phosphorylation. The suppressor virus prevented accumulation of phosphorylated eIF2 alpha, while the wild-type virus substantially reduced eIF2 alpha phosphorylation levels. These data suggest that US11 functions as a PKR antagonist in vivo, although its activity may be modulated by tissue-specific differences in translation regulation.
Push‐pull‐Butadiene. XI. Darstellung und Reaktionen von Methylsulfonylnicotinonitrilen (1990)

Push‐pull‐Butadienes. XI. Syntheses and Reactions of Methylsulfonylnicotinonitriles Methylthionicotinonitriles 1 , 3 , 5 , 9 and 12 react with potassium permanganate to give corresponding methylsulfonylnicotinonitriles 2 , 4 , 6 , 10 and 13 , respectively. Compounds 2 can be converted with sodium ethoxide to yield diethoxynicotinonitriles 7 . Similarly 4 , 5 and 6 react with sodium ethoxide to give 4‐aryl‐5‐bromo‐2,6‐diethoxy‐nicotinonitriles 8 . Treatment of nicotinonitriles 9 , 10 or 13 with sodium ethoxide gives diethoxynicotinonitriles 11 . 2 with hydrazine hydrate together afford pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines 14 . However, an excess of hydrazine hydrate and 2 or 6 yields hydrazinopyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridines 15 .
PRECLINICAL EVALUATION OF A NOVEL INTRACEREBRAL MICROINJECTION INSTRUMENT PERMITTING ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICALLY GUIDED DELIVERY OF THERAPEUTICS (2004)

The intracerebral microinjection instrument enables electrophysiologically guided microinjection of therapeutics to target areas with exquisite accuracy while incurring minimal local trauma and reactive gliosis at the injection site. The instrument also permits minimally invasive, multiple injections to be disseminated in three-dimensional space within the target region from a single proximal penetration of the brain.
Effects of Counter Cations in Selective Monohydrolyses of Symmetric Diesters (2005)

Abstract Monohydrolyses of symmetric diesters were carried out using several aqueous inorganic bases, LiOH, NaOH, KOH, and CsOH. The more reactive bases showed higher selectivities in the monohydrolyses of acyclic symmetric diesters.
Flexible thermoelectric generator with efficient vertical to lateral heat path films (2017)

This paper presents a flexible thermoelectric generator (TEG) with heat path films, which efficiently convert vertical temperature difference (ΔT) into lateral ΔT for thermocouple (TC). The heat path film consists of copper-filled-vias with low thermal resistance and polymer films with high thermal resistance. They were made in two fabrication steps. The first used a flexible printed circuit board with high density copper-filled-vias, while the second saw the deposition of thin film TCs. The combination offers flexibility of application due to its thinness, mass production potential, and low energy heat loss in the device. We demonstrated 54 TCs cm−2 in a 25 cm2 flexible TEG using Bi2Te3- and Nickel-based TCs respectively. The experimental data were in good accordance with a model which was calculated using the finite element method. The prototype flexible TEGs indicated that the proposed structure converted 84% heat flow from vertical into lateral ΔT in each TC, which was two times higher than the non-heat path film. They produced voltage of 11 mV/K/cm2 and power output of 0.1 µW/K/cm2 respectively. These flexible TEGs are ideally suited for harvesting from waste heat emitted from objects with large wavy areas because of their low weight, low cost and high efficiency conversion with flexibility.
Applications for Rechargeable Metal Hydrides (1981)

Traditionally, hydrogen has been stored, transported and used in the form of compressed gas or cryogenic liquid. Rechargeable metal hydrides have been proposed as an alternative solid state storage method. A dynamic research community has assembled to explore the scientific basis and evaluate the technology of this hydrogen-metal reaction (1-4). Metal hydride topics have been discussed at each of the World Hydrogen Energy Conferences (1976 Miami, 1978 Zurich, 1980 Tokyo) and last year's ACS meeting in Hawaii. The International Symposium on Hydrides for Energy Storage - Geilo, Norway, August 1977 was attended by over 70 researchers. It's successor, the International Symposium on the Properties and Applications of Metal Hydrides - Colorado Springs, April 1980, had over 225 attendees. Approximately 35% of these participants represented industrial organizations. A third meeting of the metal hydride community is scheduled for Japan in 1982. Although the fundamental properties of metal hydride systems are still