gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of staphylococcal protein Sbi is induced by human IgG (2000)

Protein Sbi is an IgG- and beta(2) glycoprotein I-binding protein on the surface of Staphylococcus aureus. In most strains, the amount of protein Sbi on the cell surface is very low under normal growth conditions. However, here we show that after growth in the presence of human serum, the amount is significantly increased. In S. aureus strain 8325-4, the observed increase is concentration-dependent and the highest level is found approximately 2 h after serum addition. The active molecule in serum was found to be IgG, which causes an increase of surface-located protein Sbi in S. aureus strain 8325-4, in the clinical isolates tested as well as in protein A-negative mutants. Thus, the results suggest that binding of IgG to protein Sbi upregulates protein Sbi synthesis.
Soft information in concatenated codes (1996)

A new soft decision criterion is derived. This is useful in communication systems where the combination of modulation, interleaving, and error correction is used. The new algorithm is attractive to implement since traceback techniques can be used and only a little extra memory is required to obtain the soft information associated with every symbol. Furthermore, the operations involved are not recursive and the execution is time independent of the received signal quality. The performance of the new algorithm is typically within 0.25-0.1 dB (bit error rate (BER)=10/sup -1/) of that of a significantly more complex algorithm reported previously.
On protocol multiplexing (1979)

The notion of protocol multiplexing usually means the ability of a protocol to accommodate several instances of higher level protocols at the same time.
Digital camera based fingerprint recognition (2007)

Touch-less fingerprint recognition deserves increasing attention as it lets off the problems of deformation, maintenance, latent fingerprint problems and so on that still exist in the touch-based fingerprint technology. However, problems such as the low ridges-valleys contrast in the fingerprint images, defocus and motion blurriness raise when developing a digital camera based fingerprint recognition system. The system comprises of preprocessing, feature extraction and matching stages. The proposed preprocessing stage presents the promising results in terms of segmentation, enhancement and core point detection. Feature extraction is done by Gabor filter followed by principle component analysis (PCA) and the favorable verification results are attained with Cosine Angle.
Requirement of the<i>Shigella flexneri</i>Virulence Plasmid in the Ability To Induce Trafficking of Neutrophils across Polarized Monolayers of the Intestinal Epithelium (1998)

Attachment of an array of enteric pathogens to epithelial surfaces is accompanied by recruitment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) across the intestinal epithelium. In this report, we examine how Shigella-intestinal epithelium interactions evoke the mucosal inflammatory response. We modeled these interactions in vitro by using polarized monolayers of the human intestinal epithelial cell line, T84, isolated human PMNs, and Shigella flexneri. We show that Shigella attachment to T84-cell basolateral membranes was a necessary component in the signaling cascade for induction of basolateral-to-apical directed transepithelial PMN migration, the direction of PMN transepithelial migration in vivo. In contrast, attachment of Shigella to the T84-cell apical membrane failed to stimulate a directed PMN transepithelial migration response. Importantly, the ability of Shigella to induce PMN migration across epithelial monolayers was dependent on the presence of the 220-kb virulence plasmid. Moreover, examination of Shigella genes necessary to signal subepithelial neutrophils established the requirement of a functional type III secretion system. Our results indicate that the ability of Shigella to elicit transepithelial signaling to neutrophils from the basolateral membrane of epithelial cells represents a mechanism involved in Shigella-elicited enteritis in humans.
An Asymmetrically Surface-Modified Graphene Film Electrochemical Actuator (2010)

It is critically important to develop actuator systems for diverse needs ranging from robots and sensors to memory chips. The advancement of mechanical actuators depends on the development of new materials and rational structure design. In this study, we have developed a novel graphene electrochemical actuator based on a rationally designed monolithic graphene film with asymmetrically modified surfaces. Hexane and O(2) plasma treatment were applied to the opposite sides of graphene film to induce the asymmetrical surface properties and hence asymmetrical electrochemical responses, responsible for actuation behaviors. The newly designed graphene actuator demonstrated here opens a new way for actuator fabrication and shows the potential of graphene film for applications in various electromechanical systems.
[Humanized monoclonal antibody TNT-3-mediated truncated tissue factor for the treatment of H22 hepatoma-bearing mice]. (2012)

The huTNT-3/tTF fusion protein retains the coagulation ability and has the capability of targeting to tumor vasculature, and induces thrombosis in the tumor vessels, thus to suppress the growth of hepatoma in the mice.
Toward the Light Field Display: Autostereoscopic Rendering via a Cluster of Projectors (2007)

Ultimately, a display device should be capable of reproducing the visual effects observed in reality. In this paper we introduce an autostereoscopic display that uses a scalable array of digital light projectors and a projection screen augmented with microlenses to simulate a light field for a given three-dimensional scene. Physical objects emit or reflect light in all directions to create a light field that can be approximated by the light field display. The display can simultaneously provide many viewers from different viewpoints a stereoscopic effect without head tracking or special viewing glasses. This work focuses on two important technical problems related to the light field display; calibration and rendering. We present a solution to automatically calibrate the light field display using a camera and introduce two efficient algorithms to render the special multi-view images by exploiting their spatial coherence. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated with a four-projector prototype that can display dynamic imagery with full parallax.
Polyclonal effect of HgCl<sub>2</sub> in the rat, its possible role in an experimental autoimmune disease (1982)

Mercuric chloride induces an autoimmune glomerulonephritis in Brown-Norway (BN) but not in Lewis (LEW) rats. Injection of HGCl2 into BN rats regularly produced a transient appearance of plaque-forming cells (PFC) of anti-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl and anti-sheep red blood cell specificity and circulating anti-single-stranded DNA antibodies. Addition of HgCl2 to spleen cell cultures from BN rats induced an increase in anti-trinitrophenyl PFC and reverse PFC. This effect was no longer observed when nylon wool column-depleted or anti-Thy-1 antiserum-treated spleen cells were cultured in the presence of HgCl1. These data suggest that HgCl2 acts as a polyclonal activator on spleen cells in BN rats, but not on isolated B lymphocytes. In contrast, no effect of HgCl2 on immunoglobulin production was observed in LEW rats. Since polyclonal activation and immune-type nephritis are both seen in BN but not in LEW rats, polyclonal activation may participate in the pathogenesis of the HgCl2-induced autoimmune disease of BN rats.
Sublattice Magnetization of Several Rare-Earth Iron Garnets (1968)

Pulse measurements of the NMR frequency of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ in the iron garnets (IG) of Gd, Tm, and Lu are reported as a function of temperature up to about 380\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The effect of rf pulse energy on observed line shape is briefly discussed. It is shown that for sufficiently high rf energy, the observed line shape is due to resonance within the domains, as distinct from resonance in domain walls. Using domain resonance data and total magnetization measurements, the magnetizations for the $a$, $d$, and $c$ sublattices are computed. For GdIG, the results are analyzed in terms of spin-wave theory and a molecular-field approximation. Spin-wave analysis yields a value of the dispersion parameter $D=8.2$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. If the magnetization data of Anderson are used and ${J}_{\mathrm{ca}}$ is taken to be zero, a molecular-field analysis of the $c$ sublattice magnetization gives ${J}_{\mathrm{cd}}=\ensuremath{-}2.86$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ and ${J}_{\mathrm{cc}}=\ensuremath{-}0.03$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$. The influence of the ${\mathrm{Gd}}^{+3}$ magnetization on the iron sublattices is demonstrated and discussed. The sublattice magnetization of TmIG is also presented and discussed, as well as new data on LuIG between 180 and 320\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. As was the case for YIG, the total LuIG magnetization calculated from NMR data is in excellent agreement with the measurements of Geller et al. ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{57}$ resonances at 4.2\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K are reported for ErIG and DyIG, and an estimate of the dependence of hyperfine coupling on molar volume is made.
Tomato Functional Genomics Database: a comprehensive resource and analysis package for tomato functional genomics (2010)

Tomato Functional Genomics Database (TFGD) provides a comprehensive resource to store, query, mine, analyze, visualize and integrate large-scale tomato functional genomics data sets. The database is functionally expanded from the previously described Tomato Expression Database by including metabolite profiles as well as large-scale tomato small RNA (sRNA) data sets. Computational pipelines have been developed to process microarray, metabolite and sRNA data sets archived in the database, respectively, and TFGD provides downloads of all the analyzed results. TFGD is also designed to enable users to easily retrieve biologically important information through a set of efficient query interfaces and analysis tools, including improved array probe annotations as well as tools to identify co-expressed genes, significantly affected biological processes and biochemical pathways from gene expression data sets and miRNA targets, and to integrate transcript and metabolite profiles, and sRNA and mRNA sequences. The suite of tools and interfaces in TFGD allow intelligent data mining of recently released and continually expanding large-scale tomato functional genomics data sets. TFGD is available at http://ted.bti.cornell.edu.
Infection, coagulation, and variceal bleeding in cirrhosis (2005)

Bacterial infections in cirrhotic patients are common. There is a predisposition to intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intestinal dysmotility, and increased intestinal permeability, all leading to an increase in bacterial translocation. Bacterial translocation is the probable mechanism for some of the most common infections in cirrhosis, such as spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, but is also the source of bacterial byproducts such as endotoxin which can cause an increase in portal pressure, impairment of liver function, and worsening of haemostasis.
An improved technique of intra-operative bone scanning (1986)

Radiopharmaceuticals have been successfully used to detect occult neoplasms and infective lesions. Bone scans using 99mTc-labelled methylene diphosphonate located osteoid osteomas accurately in a series of 30 symptomatic patients. A portable radiation detector system has been designed to help intra-operative localisation and facilitate complete excision of the lesions with minimal damage to normal tissue. A sodium iodide detector with a fibre-optic link was used at first, but a cadmium telluride system has provided a more durable, reliable and sensitive sterilisable probe.
Graph-theoretic deadlock detection and resolution for flexible manufacturing systems (1995)

Flexible manufacturing systems are capable of producing a broad variety of products and changing their characteristics quickly and frequently. This flexibility provides for more efficient use of resources, but makes control of these systems more difficult. Control problems previously unstudied now require practical resolution, like system deadlock. A system deadlock is a situation that arises due to resource sharing in manufacturing systems, when the flow of parts is permanently inhibited and/or operations on parts cannot be performed. This problem has been ignored by most scheduling and control studies, which usually assume infinite machine queue capacity and unlimited tooling resources. FMS's, however, have little or no queue capacity and limited tooling resources. In this paper, graph-theoretic deadlock detection and resolution procedures are presented which are suitable for real-time control of manufacturing systems. These procedures determine whether part movement in the system causes system deadlock or not. To this end, a system status graph representing part routings is virtually updated for every part movement before parts move physically to the next destination. Two types of system deadlocks, part flow deadlock and impending part flow deadlock, are detected using the updated system status graph. If a deadlock detection and recovery method is used to recover from a deadlock using a storage buffer, only part flow deadlocks need to be detected. On the other hand, if no buffer is available, both types of existing as well as impending system deadlocks need to be detected to avoid a deadlock situation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Construction, Characterization, and Use of Two <i>Listeria monocytogenes</i> Site-Specific Phage Integration Vectors (2003)

Page 4178, Fig. 1B: the HindIII site, at base pair position 69, indicated as unique in the multiple cloning site (MCS) is not unique.There are two additional HindIII sites in the PSA integrase gene at base pair positions 3244 and 3454 of the pPL2 sequence (GenBank accession no.AJ417449).Hence, there are only 12 unique restriction sites in the pPL2 MCS.
Northrop Grumman's Family of Fiberoptic based Inertial Navigation Systems (2006)

Northrop Grumman Navigation Systems Division’s (NSD) fiber-optic gyro (FOG) based family of inertial navigation systems; LN-251, LN-260, LN-270 and LTN- 101E have demonstrated superb performance over a wide spectrum of applications ranging from high dynamic fighter aircraft, unmanned air vehicles, land vehicles and commercial aircraft. As compared to the previous generation of ring laser or mechanical gyro systems, the FOG navigation systems offer significantly smaller size, much lower weight, lower power consumption, vast improvement in life and reliability, all at the same or better level of accuracy. Using FOG technology, low noise accelerometers, high performance GPS, and sophisticated integration algorithms, NSD has demonstrated the FOG navigator’s ability to provide extremely low velocity noise information, in turn enabling improved surveillance sensor compensation and reduced target location errors. Transfer alignment techniques also permits leveraging the full accuracy of the FOG navigator to smaller remote inertial measurement units used for motion compensation or stabilization of other sensors such as radar or electro-optic pods. NSD is also in the process of adding differential GPS correction capability to provide even further enhancement of absolute positional accuracy. Using this method, radial position errors have been demonstrated to be only a few 10’s of centimeters.
A comparative investigation of the metabolism of the herbicide glufosinate in cell cultures of transgenic glufosinate-resistant and non-transgenic oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i>) and corn (<i>Zea mays</i>) (2002)

To obtain information on differences between the metabolic pathways of the herbicide glufosinate (trade names: BASTA, LIBERTY) in non-transgenic, glufosinate-sensitive plants and in transgenic, glufosinate-resistant plants, the metabolism of 14C-labeled glufosinate and its enantiomers L- and D-glufosinate was studied using cell cultures of oilseed rape and corn. Transformation of glufosinate in both sensitive and transgenic rape cells remained at a low rate of about 3-10% in contrast to corn cells, where 20% was transformed in sensitive and 43% in transgenic cells after 14 days of incubation, the rest remaining as unchanged glufosinate. In sensitive rape and corn cells the main metabolite was 4-methylphosphinico-2-oxo-butanoic acid (PPO) with 7.3 and 16.4%, respectively, together with low amounts of 3-methylphosphinicopropionic acid (MPP), 4-methylphosphinico-2-hydroxybutanoic acid (MHB), 4-methylphosphinicobutanoic acid (MPB) and 2-methylphosphinicoacetic acid (MPA). An additional metabolite formed in transgenic cell cultures was 2-acetamido-4-methylbutanoic acid (N-acetyl-L-glufosinate, NGA), which was formed at rates of 3.2% in rape and 16.1% in corn. A further minor metabolite, not yet identified, was detected in both cell types. The liberation of 0.2% 14CO2 indicates further metabolic steps prior to a limited mineralization in plant cell cultures. L-glufosinate was transformed into the same metabolites as the glufosinate racemate. D-glufosinate was not metabolized.
The mechanism of acquired resistance to irreversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor-afatinib in lung adenocarcinoma patients (2016)

T790M was detected in half of the lung adenocarcinoma after acquiring resistance to afatinib. T790M is still the major acquired resistance mechanism. First-generation EGFR TKI exposure did not influence the prevalence of T790M in lung cancer acquired resistance to afatinib.
Active Learning for Visual Question Answering: An Empirical Study (2017)

We present an empirical study of active learning for Visual Question Answering, where a deep VQA model selects informative question-image pairs from a pool and queries an oracle for answers to maximally improve its performance under a limited query budget. Drawing analogies from human learning, we explore cramming (entropy), curiosity-driven (expected model change), and goal-driven (expected error reduction) active learning approaches, and propose a fast and effective goal-driven active learning scoring function to pick question-image pairs for deep VQA models under the Bayesian Neural Network framework. We find that deep VQA models need large amounts of training data before they can start asking informative questions. But once they do, all three approaches outperform the random selection baseline and achieve significant query savings. For the scenario where the model is allowed to ask generic questions about images but is evaluated only on specific questions (e.g., questions whose answer is either yes or no), our proposed goal-driven scoring function performs the best.
Conflictos y contradicciones en el sistema electoral mexicano (1988)

Una revista científica, con revisión por pares, que publica investigación empírica y contribuciones teóricas en sociología, antropología, sociodemografía, y disciplinas afines. Nuestra misión es presentar los resultados de la investigación de la más alta calidad, con énfasis en América Latina, pero con proyección y alcance global.
Metalation as a Termination Step in Polymerization Reactions Involving α-Olefins and Ethylene As Detected by Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry<sup>1</sup> (1996)

Field desorption mass spectroscopy (FD-MS) in conjunction with NMR spectroscopy has been used to study how olefins larger than ethylene are incorporated into polyethylene using (C5Me5)2Sm-based catalysts under hydrogen. Polymerization reactions of propene, 1-pentene, cis- and trans-2-pentene, 1-heptene, trans-2-heptene, trans-3-heptene, 1-octene, and 1-nonadecene with ethylene under H2 and with CD2CD2 under D2 were studied as well as reactions of ethylene with propene-d6 and 3,3,3-propene-d3 using (C5Me5)2Sm and (C5Me5)2Sm(η3-CH2CHCHR) precursors where R = H, Et, and Bu. For the olefins listed above, the combined analytical techniques with the appropriate deuterium labeling indicate that one olefin is selectively incorporated per polyethylene chain and that incorporation occurs by insertion into a Sm−H bond in the system rather than via an allyl group. Metalation of the olefin by growing polymer chains was found to be competitive with hydrogenolysis as a termination step and can be used to control molecular weight. 2-Pentene and 2-heptene do not incorporate as readily as their α-olefin analogs and 3-heptene incorporation was not detectable, but these internal olefins are effective termination agents via metalation.
n-Butanol derived from biochemical and chemical routes: A review (2015)

Traditionally, bio-butanol is produced with the ABE (Acetone Butanol Ethanol) process using <i>Clostridium</i> species to ferment sugars from biomass. However, the route is associated with some disadvantages such as low butanol yield and by-product formation (acetone and ethanol). On the other hand, butanol can be directly produced from ethanol through aldol condensation over metal oxides/ hydroxyapatite catalysts. This paper suggests that the chemical conversion route is more preferable than the ABE process, because the reaction proceeds more quickly compared to the fermentation route and fewer steps are required to get to the product.
Integrated optical circular grating tap power divider (1993)

A new compact integrated optical tap and multiport power divider is provided. A four-port device is made in a glass substrate and is tested at 514 nm wavelength.
COLD WEATHER OPERATIONS (2004)

Frozen contamination from cold weather conditions can be very detrimental to aircraft safety. Aircraft must be cleared of, and remain free from, frozen contaminants while the aircraft is still on the ground. This article examines the causes of ground ice and how aircraft can remain clear of frozen contaminants right up to take-off. It is important that de-icing/anti-icing be performed at the latest possible moment, since the anti-icing spraying has a limited effectiveness time and delays could require repeating the de-icing/anti-icing process. Although de-icing/anti-icing can be achieved through a variety of methods, good communication between aircraft operators, ground-handling agencies, airfield operations and air traffic control is essential to the effort.
Terminating Migraine With Allodynia and Ongoing Central Sensitization Using Parenteral Administration of COX1/COX2 Inhibitors (2005)

The termination of migraine with ongoing allodynia using COX1/COX2 inhibitors is achieved through the suppression of central sensitization. Although parenteral administration of COX1/COX2 inhibitors is impractical as routine migraine therapy, it should be the rescue therapy of choice for patients seeking emergency care for migraine. These patients should never be treated with opioids, particularly if they had no prior opioid exposure.
Theory of Value: An Axiomatic Analysis of Economic Equilibrium (1960)

[This] beautiful and austere book . . . [is] an important landmark of economic theory.-F.H. Hahn, Journal of Political Economy An immortal classic of twentieth century economics. Every economist should own a copy.-Robert Lucas, University of Chicago Theory of Value offers a rigorous, axiomatic, and formal analysis of producer behavior, consumer behavior, general equilibrium, and the optimality of the market mechanism for resource allocation.