gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Writes caches as an alternative to write buffers (1991)

Write buffers help unbind one level of a memory hierarchy from the next, thus write buffers are used to reduce write stalls. Write buffers are used in write-through systems so that writes can occur at the rate the cache can handle them, but write buffers don''t reduce the number of writes, or cluster writes for block transfers. A write cache is a cache that uses an allocate on write miss, write-back, no allocate on read miss strategy. A write cache tries to reduce the total number of writes (write traffic) to the next level by taking advantage of the temporal locality of writes. A write cache also groups writes for block transfers by taking advantage of the spatial locality of writes. We have found that small write caches can significantly reduce the write traffic to the first write-back level after the processor''s register set. Systems that would benefit from reduced write traffic to the first write-back level would benefit from using a write cache instead of a write buffer. The temporal and spatial locality of writes is very important in determining what organization the write cache should have.
Independent Folding and Ligand Specificity of the C2 Calciumdependent Lipid Binding Domain of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 (1998)

The Ca(2+)-dependent lipid binding domain of the 85-kDa cytosolic phospholipase A2 (cPLA2) is a homolog of C2 domains present in protein kinase C, synaptotagmin, and numerous other proteins involved in signal transduction. NH2-terminal fragments of cPLA2 spanning the C2 domain were expressed as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli, extracted with solvent to remove phospholipids, and refolded to yield a domain capable of binding phospholipid vesicles in a Ca(2+)-dependent manner. Unlike other C2 domains characterized to date, the cPLA2 C2 domain bound preferentially to vesicles comprised of phosphatidylcholine in response to physiological concentrations of Ca2+. Binding of the cPLA2 C2 domain to vesicles in the presence of excess Ca2+ chelator was induced by high concentrations of salts that promote hydrophobic interactions. Despite the selective hydrolysis of arachidonyl-containing phospholipid vesicles by cPLA2, the cPLA2 C2 domain did not discriminate among phospholipid vesicles containing saturated or unsaturated sn-2 fatty acyl chains. Moreover, the cPLA2 C2 domain bound to phospholipid vesicles containing sn-1 and -2 ether linkages and sphingomyelin at Ca2+ concentrations that caused binding to vesicles containing ester linkages, demonstrating that the carbonyl oxygens of the sn-1 and -2 ester linkage are not critical for binding. These results suggest that the cPLA2 C2 domain interacts primarily with the headgroup of the phospholipid. The cPLA2 C2 domain displayed selectivity among group IIA cations, preferring Ca2+ approximately 50-fold over Sr2+ and nearly 10,000-fold over Ba2+ for vesicle binding. No binding to vesicles was observed in the presence of greater than 10 mM Mg2+. Such strong selectivity for Ca2+ over Mg2+ reinforces the view that C2 domains link second messenger Ca2+ to signal transduction events at the membrane.
KrF laser with a phase-conjugate Brillouin mirror (1982)

We report observation of phase conjugation by stimulated Brillouin scattering using KrF-laser radiation (248 nm). The backscattered signal consists of both phase-conjugate and non-phase-conjugate components, which have different temporal behavior. This phase-conjugate Brillouin mirror has been used in a double-pass KrF laser-amplifier system, and as an element in a KrF-laser resonator, to compensate for aberrations and to produce a diffraction-limited output beam.
Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modifications in fluoride glass (2013)

The interaction of focused 800 nm femtosecond (fs) laser pulses at low (1–45 kHz) and moderate (50–250 kHz) repetition rates with fluoride (ZBLAN-type) bulk glass is investigated in detail. It is shown that at repetition rates lower than ~50 kHz and low pulse energies, the refractive index change induced by pulse filamentation is mainly negative at the irradiated zone. At repetition rates above 50 kHz, structures are formed as a result of the fs laser pulse induced heat accumulation and subsequent melting of the glass. The refractive index profile of the structures produced in this regime is influenced by the laser writing conditions (repetition rate, pulse energy and translation speed). It is shown that waveguides with large circular cross sections and smooth positive index changes can be formed through a precise control of glass exposure. Those waveguides can exhibit low propagation losses (~0.4–2 dB/cm) and are thus good candidates for the development of mid-IR integrated photonic devices. Both absorbed energy and repetition rate thresholds for heat accumulation are determined experimentally.
Employment of the porous particles for preparation of the capsules containing aspirin and drug release property. (1985)

あらかじめγ線を照射した多孔性微粒子にアスピリン及びメタクリル酸メチルとメタクリル酸混合モノマーを接触させ, 後グラフト重合による徐放性微粒子の作製を試みた. 溶出試験は水-メタノール混合溶液及びpH5.2の酢酸緩衝液を使用した. アスピリンは時間とともに溶出しおよそ140時間で一定となった. グラフト微粒子からのアスピリン溶出量は多孔性微粒子にアスピリンのみを吸着させたときと比較して増大した. 多孔性微粒子表面をあらかじめ二酸化チタン微粒子で処理すると, グラフト微粒子のアスピリン吸着量は著しく増大した. アスピリンはほとんど多孔性微粒子内に吸着していると示唆された. グラフト微粒子からのアスピリン溶出量とt1/2の関係は直線となった. アスピリンの溶出機構は多孔性微粒子内で重合したポリマーマトリックス中での拡散機構が律速段階となっているものと考えられる.
Laser trapping of deformable objects (2007)

We report the trapping and manipulation of bubbles in viscous glass melts through the use of a laser. This phenomenon is observed in bubbles tens of micrometers in diameter under illumination by low numerical aperture (NA = 0.55). Once the bubble was centered on the optical axis, it was trapped and followed a lateral relocation of the laser beam. This phenomenon is explained by modifications of the bubble's shape induced by axial heating and a decrease in surface tension. It is shown that formation of a concave dimple on the bubble's front surface explains the observed laser trapping and manipulation. This mechanism of laser trapping is expected to take place in other deformable materials and can also be used to remove bubbles from melts or liquids. For this technique to be effective, the alteration of the bubble's shape should be faster than its expulsion out of the laser's point of focus.
ENHANCEMENT OF THERMAL STABILITY OF ASPERGILLUS ORYZAE ALPHA-AMYLASE USING STABILIZING ADDITIVES (2007)

Ab s t r a c t. The thermal degradation of Aspergillus oryzae α-amylase in the presence of sug-ars (sucrose, trehalose) and polyols (sorbitol, glycerol) as stabilization additives was investigated. The aim of the study was to test whether it is possible to estimate the heat stability of the enzyme based on the amount of hydroxyl groups provided in a buffer solution from different sources. The thermal inactivation experiments were performed at 68°C. Every additive tested showed a protective effect on the enzyme heat stability, the effect being strongly dependent on the added compound concentration. Among all the stabilizing compounds investigated, sucrose exhibited the greatest protective effect. The decimal reduction time of α-amylase activity increased 33.9 times when 420 mg/ml of sucrose was added to the environment. When the same concentration of trehalose was used, the D-value increased 6.4 times compared to the value in the buffer system. The number of hydroxyl groups provided in the enzyme solution could not be related to the D-values for the en-zyme thermal inactivation, meaning that the enzyme heat stability was not dependent on the number of hydroxyl (OH) groups. K e y wo r d s: α-amylase, inactivation, kinetics, stabilization, protective effect
Fault Diagnosis of Multistage Manufacturing Processes by Using State Space Approach (2002)

This paper presents a methodology for diagnostics of fixture failures in multistage manufacturing processes (MMP). The diagnostic methodology is based on the state-space model of the MMP process, which includes part fixturing layout geometry and sensor location. The state space model of the MMP characterizes the propagation of fixture fault variation along the production stream, and is used to generate a set of predetermined fault variation patterns. Fixture faults are then isolated by using mapping procedure that combines the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with pattern recognition approach. The fault diagnosability conditions for three levels: (a) within single station, (b) between stations, and (c) for the overall process, are developed. The presented analysis integrates the state space model of the process and matrix perturbation theory to estimate the upper bound for isolationability of fault pattern vectors caused by correlated and uncorrelated noises. A case study illustrates the proposed method.
Phonon assisted tunneling in lattice-matched and pseudomorphic resonant tunneling diodes (1990)

MBE grown resonant tunneling diodes based on the lattice matched AlAs/GaAs and the pseudomorphic AlGaAs/InGaAs systems are investigated. In the presence of quantizing magnetic field, a large number of tunneling peaks in the valley region of the current–voltage curves are observed. The dependence of the peak positions on magnetic field is used to distinguish direct tunneling between Landau levels from that due to phonon assisted tunneling. Shubnikov de-Haas measurements show the evidence of a two-dimensional quasibound state in the accumulation layer of the emitter and LO phonon assisted tunneling through the Landau levels in the well.
beta-Sitosterol inhibits HT-29 human colon cancer cell growth and alters membrane lipids. (1996)

The purpose of the present study was to examine the effect of beta-sitosterol, the main dietary phytosterol on the growth of HT-29 cells, a human colon cancer cell line. In addition, the incorporation of this phytosterol into cellular membranes and how this might influence the lipid composition of the membranes were investigated. Tumor cells were grown in DMEM containing 10% FBS and supplemented with sterols (cholesterol or beta-sitosterol) at final concentrations up to 16 microM. The sterols were supplied to the media in the form of sterol cyclodextrin complexes. The cyclodextrin used was 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin. The sterol to cyclodextrin molar ratio was maintained at 1:300. The study indicated that 8 and 16 microM beta-sitosterol were effective at cel growth inhibition as compared to cholesterol or to the control (no sterol supplementation). After supplementation with 16 microM beta-sitosterol for 9 days, cell growth was only one-third that of cells supplemented with equimolar concentration of cholesterol. No effect was observed on total membrane phospholipid concentration. At 16 microM beta-sitosterol supplementation, membrane cholesterol was reduced by 26%. Cholesterol supplementation resulted in a significant increase in the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio compared to either beta-sitosterol supplemented cells or controls. There was a 50% reduction in membrane sphingomyelin (SM) of cells grown in 16 microM beta-sitosterol. Additional changes were observed in the fatty acid composition of minor phospholipids of beta-sitosterol supplemented cells, such as SM, phosphatidylserine (PS), and phosphatidylinositol (PI). Only in the case of PI, was there an effect of these fatty acid changes on the unsaturation index, beta-sitosterol incorporation resulted in an increase in the U.I. It is possible that the observed growth inhibition by beta-sitosterol may be mediated through the influence of signal transduction pathways that involve membrane phospholipids.
Constant Volume of the Human Lens and Decrease in Surface Area of the Capsular Bag during Accommodation: An MRI and Scheimpflug Study (2009)

The preservation of lens volume implies that the internal human lens material can be assumed to be incompressible and is undergoing elastic deformation. Furthermore, the change in surface area indicates that the capsular bag also undergoes elastic deformation.
Locking Intramedullary Nailing with and without Reaming for Open Fractures of the Tibial Shaft. A Prospective, Randomized Study* (1997)

Ninety-one patients who had ninety-four open fractures of the tibial shaft were randomized into two treatment groups. Fifty fractures (nine type-I, eighteen type-II, sixteen type-IIIA, and seven type-IIIB fractures, according to the classification of Gustilo et al.) were treated with nailing after reaming, and forty-four fractures (five type-I, sixteen type-II, nineteen type-IIIA, and four type-IIIB fractures) were treated with nailing without reaming. The average diameter of the nail was 11.5 millimeters (range, nine to fourteen millimeters) in the group treated with reaming and 9.2 millimeters (range, eight to ten millimeters) in the group treated without reaming. Follow-up information was adequate for forty-five patients (forty-seven fractures) who had been managed with reaming and forty patients (forty-one fractures) who had been managed without reaming. No clinically important differences were found between the two groups with regard to the technical aspects of the procedure or the rate of early postoperative complications. The average time to union was thirty weeks (range, thirteen to seventy-two weeks) in the group treated with reaming and twenty-nine weeks (range, thirteen to fifty weeks) in the group treated without reaming. Four (9 per cent) of the fractures treated with reaming and five (12 per cent) of the fractures treated without reaming did not unite (p = 0.73). There were two infections in the group treated with reaming and one in the group treated without reaming. Significantly more screws broke in the group treated without reaming (twelve; 29 per cent) than in the group treated with reaming (four; 9 per cent) (p = 0.014). There was no difference between the two groups with regard to the frequency of broken nails (two nails that had been inserted after reaming broke, compared with one that had been inserted without reaming). The functional outcome, in terms of pain in the knee, range of motion, return to work, and recreational activity, did not differ significantly between the groups. We concluded that the clinical and radiographic results of nailing after reaming are similar to those of nailing without reaming for fixation of open fractures of the tibial shaft, although more screws broke when reaming had not been done.
Gold-catalyzed Bicyclization of Diaryl Alkynes: Synthesis of Polycyclic Fused Indole and Spirooxindole Derivatives (2018)

An unprecedented gold-catalyzed bicyclization reaction of diaryl alkynes has been developed for the synthesis of indoles in good to high yields. Mechanistically, this alkyne bifunctionalization transformation was terminated by a stepwise formal X-H insertion reaction to furnish the corresponding polycyclic-frameworks with structural diversity, and the key intermediate 3 H-indole was isolated and characterized for the first time. In addition, further transformation of these generated tetracyclic-indoles with PCC as the oxidant provided straightforward access to the spirooxindoles in high yields.
An information processing software system for ATE (1984)

The posters describe an ATE information processing system which will optimize the test engineer's time and enhance the designer's ability to quickly resolve engineering problems without having to acquire an in-depth knowledge of the tester hardware or software peculiarities.
Hereditary nasal parakeratosis in Labrador retrievers: 11 new cases and a retrospective study on the presence of accumulations of serum (‘serum lakes’) in the epidermis of parakeratotic dermatoses and inflamed nasal plana of dogs (2003)

We report 11 new cases of hereditary nasal parakeratosis in Labrador retrievers. The disease was first observed when the dogs were 6 months to 2 years of age, and affected dogs of either sex and all coat colours. Hyperkeratosis and depigmentation were confined to the nasal planum, and affected dogs were otherwise healthy. The principal histological findings in biopsy specimens were marked diffuse parakeratotic hyperkeratosis, multiple intracorneal serum lakes and superficial interstitial-to-interface lymphoplasmacytic dermatitis. Topical applications of propylene glycol in water or white petrolatum were often effective for treatment of the dermatosis. However, continued applications were required to maintain a beneficial response. A retrospective histological study of parakeratotic inflammatory diseases of canine haired skin and inflammatory diseases of the canine nasal planum was performed. The degree of parakeratotic hyperkeratosis and the number and size of intracorneal serum lakes were evaluated. The degree of parakeratotic hyperkeratosis was greater in hereditary nasal parakeratosis specimens than that seen in discoid lupus erythematosus and Malassezia dermatitis. There were more serum lakes in hereditary nasal parakeratosis specimens than in specimens from dogs with discoid lupus erythematosus, Malassezia dermatitis, primary seborrheic dermatitis or zinc-responsive dermatosis. Significant differences in sizes of serum lakes (if present) were not seen.
Comparison of the Diffraction Efficiency of Multiple Exposure and Single Exposure Holograms (1968)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text J. T. LaMacchia and C. J. Vincelette, "Comparison of the Diffraction Efficiency of Multiple Exposure and Single Exposure Holograms," Appl. Opt. 7, 1857-1858 (1968) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Mechanism of C2 hydrocarbon formation from methane in a pulsed microwave plasma (2002)

Methane dissociation, followed by the formation of C2 hydrocarbons, in a pulsed microwave discharge in methane was investigated by mass spectrometry and optical emission spectroscopy (OES). Long microwave pulses (&gt;200 μs) are characterized by a pronounced dehydrogenation, but have a disadvantage in the saturation of the methane conversion at relatively low values, due to methane depletion toward the end of the pulse. For shorter pulses, the conversion degree increases approximately linearly as a function of energy input, and a maximum conversion of 90% with 80% selectivity toward acetylene was obtained for 60 μs pulses at 1 kHz repetition frequency. A further decrease of the pulse duration (20 μs) at higher frequency, in order to ensure a similar energy input, resulted in a decrease in conversion and dehydrogenation. The explanation of the effect of the pulse duration is based on information provided by optical emission spectroscopy of active species generated in the discharge. Atomic hydrogen, formed by methane dissociation, was found to play an essential role in methane plasma chemistry. A qualitative estimation of the variation of H atom concentration with operating conditions was done by actinometry, since time-resolved OES provides evidence that atomic hydrogen is mainly formed in the ground state and dissociative excitation can be neglected. In addition to the concentration of atomic hydrogen, the second key parameter is the gas temperature. It was determined from the relative intensity distribution in the rotational structure of the (0,0) C2 Swan band and of the (2,2) H2 Fulcher-α band. Gas temperatures between 1500 and 2500 K were determined for the present discharge conditions. The hydrogen abstraction by hydrogen atoms, favored at high temperature, is responsible for the high methane conversion and low energy requirement achieved (9–10 eV/molecule) and for the distribution of the reaction products.
Automatic keystone correction for smart projectors with embedded camera (2005)

We propose embedded algorithms for enabling a smart self-adjusting projector that is capable of fully automatic keystone distortion detection and correction, plus zooming and centering the image to fit a screen. The projector has an embedded camera and it automatically detects the screen and a specific pattern during self-adjustment. Proposed algorithms meet severe computational requirements of a portable projector and they exploit the physical constraints in a projector-(embedded) camera pair in a novel way in order to not compromise image quality under different usage conditions. We will demonstrate our projector system during the conference.
Free radical functionalization of surfaces to prevent adverse responses to biomedical devices (2011)

Immobilizing a protein, that is fully compatible with the patient, on the surface of a biomedical device should make it possible to avoid adverse responses such as inflammation, rejection, or excessive fibrosis. A surface that strongly binds and does not denature the compatible protein is required. Hydrophilic surfaces do not induce denaturation of immobilized protein but exhibit a low binding affinity for protein. Here, we describe an energetic ion-assisted plasma process that can make any surface hydrophilic and at the same time enable it to covalently immobilize functional biological molecules. We show that the modification creates free radicals that migrate to the surface from a reservoir beneath. When they reach the surface, the radicals form covalent bonds with biomolecules. The kinetics and number densities of protein molecules in solution and free radicals in the reservoir control the time required to form a full protein monolayer that is covalently bound. The shelf life of the covalent binding capability is governed by the initial density of free radicals and the depth of the reservoir. We show that the high reactivity of the radicals renders the binding universal across all biological macromolecules. Because the free radical reservoir can be created on any solid material, this approach can be used in medical applications ranging from cardiovascular stents to heart-lung machines.
Oral clonidine premedication for elderly patients undergoing intraocular surgery* (1992)

In a randomized double-blind study, the effects of clonidine premedication as a sedative, anxiolytic, analgesic and oculohypotensive agent were studied in 100 elderly patients (62 to 65 +/- 10 years, ASA grade I-II) undergoing elective intraocular surgery under local anaesthesia. The control group (Group A, n = 50) received oral diazepam 0.15 mg/kg 120 min before surgery and Group B (n = 50) received oral clonidine 300 micrograms 120 min before surgery. Two hours after the premedication, there was significantly more sedation (P less than 0.05) and less subjective anxiety (P less than 0.05) in the clonidine group than in the control group. There was a significant fall in intraocular pressure (IOP) from 20 +/- 0.5 to 13 +/- 0.5 mmHg (P less than 0.05) and significant reduction in systolic and diastolic blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) (P less than 0.05) in the clonidine group as compared to the control group. Perioperatively, significantly more supplementation with i.v. diazepam was given in the control group than in the clonidine group (P less than 0.01). The incidence of intra-operative hypertension (P less than 0.01) and tachycardia (P less than 0.05) was significantly greater in the control group than in the clonidine group. A significantly larger number of patients in the clonidine group scored a Post-Anaesthesia Recovery (PAR) score of 10 as compared to the control group (P less than 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the postoperative Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) scores for pain, number of analgesic requests and emesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)