gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemically stable hybrid polymer electrolyte membranes prepared by radiation grafting, sulfonation, and silane‐crosslinking techniques (2008)

Abstract To prepare a crosslinked hybrid polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) with high chemical stability, a silane monomer, namely p ‐styryltrimethoxysilane (StSi), was first grafted to poly(ethylene‐ co ‐tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) film by γ‐ray preirradiation. Hydrolysis‐condensation and sulfonation were then performed on the StSi‐grafted ETFE (StSi‐ g ‐ETFE) films to give them crosslinks and proton conductibility, respectively. Thus, a crosslinked proton‐conducting hybrid PEM was obtained. The crosslinks introduced by the silane‐condensation have an inorganic SiOSi structure, which enhance the chemical and thermal stabilities of the PEM. The effect of the timing of the hydrolysis‐condensation (before or after sulfonation) and the sulfonation method (by chlorosulfonic acid or H 2 SO 4 ) on the properties of the resulting hybrid PEMs such as ion‐exchange capacity, proton conductivity, water uptake, chemical stability, and methanol permeability were investigated to confirm their applicability in fuel cells. We conclude that the properties of the new crosslinked hybrid StSi‐grafted PEMs are superior to divinylbenzene (DVB)‐crosslinked styrene‐grafted membranes. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 46: 5559–5567, 2008
Differential Sensitivity to Synthetic Speech Sounds within and between Phoneme Categories (1956)

The use of synthesizers provides an opportunity to vary speech-like sounds in small steps along a single acoustic continuum. We find that at some points on such a continuum large changes in the acoustic stimulus have no effect on phoneme identification, while at other points small changes cause the listener's identification to shift abruptly from one phoneme to another. Casual observation led us to suspect that there might be related discontinuities in the discriminability of these sounds—that is, that discrimination would be less sharp, other things equal, between sounds in the same phoneme category than between sounds which lie on opposite sides of a phoneme boundary. This effect might be related to the difficulties that linguists often experience in hearing certain differences among the sounds of an exotic language. Discrimination and identification functions were obtained for a series of stimuli which differed in the second-formant transition. In one part of the experiment these stimuli were presented singly to listeners for identification as b, d, or g; in another part, the discriminability of the stimuli was measured by an ABX technique. It was found that discrimination was, indeed, better in the vicinity of phoneme boundaries than it was near the middle of a category. The obtained discrimination function was quite close to a function predictable from the identification judgments on the extreme assumption that the listeners were able to discriminate the sounds only to the extent that they could differentially identify them as b, d, and g. [This work was supported in part by the Carnegie Corporation of New York, and in part by the Department of Defense in connection with Contract DA49-170-SC-1642.]
Predicting Hot Spots of Herpetofauna Road Mortality Along Highway Networks (2009)

ABSTRACT Road mortality is often spatially aggregated, and there is a need for models that accurately and efficiently predict hot spots within a road network for mitigation. We surveyed 145 points throughout a 353‐km highway network in New York State, USA, for roadkill of reptiles and amphibians. We used land cover, wetland configuration, and traffic volume data to identify features that best predicted hot spots of herpetofauna road mortality. We resampled 40 points an additional 4 times over 4 years to evaluate temporal repeatability. Both amphibian and reptile road mortality were spatially clustered, and road‐kill hot spots of the 2 taxa overlapped. One survey provided a valid snapshot of spatial patterns of road mortality, and spatial patterns remained stable across time. Road‐kill hot spots were located where wetlands approached within 100 m of the road, and the best predictor was a causeway configuration of wetlands (wetlands on both sides of the road). We validated causeways as predictors of road mortality by surveying 180 causeways and 180 random points across 5 regions (17,823 km 2 ) of northeastern New York. Causeways were 3 times more likely than random locations to have amphibian and 12 times more likely to have reptile mortality present, and causeways had a 4 times higher total number of amphibian roadkill and 9 times higher reptile roadkill than did random points. We conclude it is possible to identify valid predictors of hot spots of amphibian and reptile road mortality for use when planning roads or when conducting surveys on existing roads to locate priority areas for mitigation.
Efficient Key Updates through Subscription Re-encryption for Privacy-Preserving Publish/Subscribe (2015)

Content-based publish/subscribe (pub/sub) is an appealing information dissemination paradigm for distributed systems. Consumers of data subscribe to a pub/sub service, typically offered through a distributed broker overlay, and indicate their interests as constraints over the information content. Publishers generate the information flow, which the brokers filter and route to the interested subscribers. Protecting the information confidentiality, and in particular the interests of subscribers, is an important concern when brokers are located in untrusted domains such as public clouds. Encrypted matching techniques allow untrusted brokers to store encrypted subscriptions and match them against encrypted publications. Updates of encryption keys regularly happen in such contexts due to changes in trust relations. These key updates cause the invalidation of stored encrypted subscriptions and force subscribers to re-encrypt and re-submit them. This long and costly operation impacts the pub/sub service continuity and performance. In this paper, we propose a novel technique that allows updating encrypted subscriptions directly at the brokers while maintaining privacy. We present an implementation of the technique for the ASPE encrypted matching scheme and prove the security of our extension. We evaluate its practical effectiveness through a prototype implementation including a dependable key distribution protocol. Our experiments show the ability to handle key updates while preserving service continuity and performance.
Medical Countermeasures for Platelet Regeneration after Radiation Exposure (2011)

The events of September 11, 2001 and their aftermath increased awareness of the need to develop medical countermeasures (MCMs) to treat potential health consequences of a radiation accident or deliberate attack. The medical effects of lethal exposures to ionizing radiation have been well described and affect multiple organ systems. To date, much of the research to develop treatments for mitigation of radiation-induced hematopoietic damage has focused on amelioration of radiation-induced neutropenia, which has long been considered to be the primary factor in determining survival after an unintentional radiation exposure. Consistent with historical data, recent studies have highlighted the role that radiation-induced thrombocytopenia plays in radiation mortality, yet development of MCMs to mitigate radiation damage to the megakaryocyte lineage has lagged behind anti-neutropenia approaches. To address this gap and to foster research in the area of platelet regeneration after radiation exposure, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) sponsored a workshop on March 22-23, 2010 to encourage collaborations between NIAID program awardees and companies developing pro-platelet approaches. NIAID also organized an informal, open discussion between academic investigators, product development contractors, and representatives from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other relevant government agencies about drug development toward FDA licensure of products for an acute radiation syndrome indication. Specific emphasis was placed on the challenges of product licensure for radiation/nuclear MCMs using current FDA regulations (21 CFR Parts 314 and 601) and on the importance of animal efficacy model development, design of pivotal protocols, and standardization of irradiation and animal supportive care.
Thymic epithelium tolerizes for histocompatibility antigens (1990)

The role of thymic epithelium in the establishment of tissue tolerance was analyzed with a murine chimeric system. All T cells differentiated from birth onward in a thymus comprising allogeneic epithelium and syngeneic hematopoietic cells. Embryonic thymic rudiments that contained no hematopoietic cells from C3H (H-2k) donors were grafted to newborn athymic (nude) BALB/c (H-2d) mice. Chimeras that had normal T cell numbers and function rejected third-party skin grafts, but permanently accepted grafts syngeneic to the thymic epithelium. In vitro functional assays did not always correlate with the state of tolerance in vivo. Thus, pure thymic epithelium induces tolerance to histocompatibility antigens.
Major secondary metabolites produced by two commercial Trichoderma strains active against different phytopathogens (2006)

This is the first work on secondary metabolites produced by the commercially applied strains T22 and T39. Our results provide a better understanding of the metabolism of these fungi, which are both widely used as biopesticides and/or biofertilizers in biocontrol.
Systematic Study of Effects of Structural Modifications on the Aqueous Solubility of Drug-like Molecules (2016)

Aqueous solubilities and activities have been measured for 17 members of the quinolinyltriazole series of inhibitors of human macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF). Systematic variation of a solvent-exposed substituent provided increases in solubility from 2 μg/mL for the parent compound <b>3a</b> up to 867 μg/mL. The low solubility of <b>3a</b> results from its near-planar structure and an intermolecular hydrogen bond, as revealed in a small-molecule X-ray structure. Removal of the hydrogen bond yields a 3-fold increase in solubility, but a 7-fold drop in activity. <b>5b</b> emerges as the most potent MIF inhibitor with a <i>K</i><sub>i</sub> of 14 nM and good solubility, 47 μg/mL, while <b>4e</b> has both high potency and solubility.
Monolithic amplitude and phase control circuits for 17/18 GHz indoor radio applications (1996)

Analogue MMIC amplitude and phase control circuits have been designed, fabricated and tested. These reflection-type analogue control devices are intended for direct carrier modulation in 17/18 GHz indoor radio LAN applications. The circuits were fabricated on the GMMT F20 standard foundry. The phase shifter uses varactor diodes and four 90/spl deg/ phase shifter sections were cascaded to achieve 360/spl deg/ for direct QPSK modulation. The attenuator uses cold-FETs as variable resistance elements. At 18 GHz the parasitic reactance is found to lead to very high phase variations. To combat this a simple symmetrical control method is presented for a two-stage attenuator.
All-optical atomic clock based on coherent population trapping in ^85Rb (2003)

An all-optical microwave frequency standard based on coherent population trapping (CPT) in 85Rb is developed. The CPT resonances are detected by an ordinary edge-emitting diode laser in a simple optical setup. A buffer-gas mixture is carefully optimized to yield a narrow linewidth and a reduced temperature dependence of the resonance frequency. With the developed system we are able to measure ultranarrow optically induced hyperfine CPT resonances at <20 Hz, which is in good agreement with the linewidth calculated from experimental parameters. The frequency of an RF-signal generator has been stabilized to the CPT resonance between the two mF=0 magnetic sublevels. The relative frequency stability (square root of Allan variance) follows a slope of 3.5×10-11 τ-1/2(1 s<τ<2000 s). The best stability of 6.4×10-13 is reached at an integration time of τ=2000 s. This stability is sufficient for many high-precision applications. Frequency-shift measurements were made to evaluate the frequency dependencies on the operation parameters.
CloudProtect: Managing Data Privacy in Cloud Applications (2012)

This paper describes the CloudProtect middleware that empowers users to encrypt sensitive data stored within various cloud applications. However, most web applications require data in plaintext for implementing the various functionalities and in general, do not support encrypted data management. Therefore, CloudProtect strives to carry out the data transformations (encryption/decryption) in a manner that is transparent to the application, i.e., preserves all functionalities of the application, including those that require data to be in plaintext. Additionally, CloudProtect allows users flexibility in trading off performance for security in order to let them optimally balance their privacy needs and usage-experience.
Effect of iron deficiency on placental transfer of iron and expression of iron transport proteins in vivo and in vitro (2001)

Maternal iron deficiency during pregnancy induces anaemia in the developing fetus; however, the severity tends to be less than in the mother. The mechanism underlying this resistance has not been determined. We have measured placental expression of proteins involved in iron transfer in pregnant rats given diets with decreasing levels of iron and examined the effect of iron deficiency on iron transfer across BeWo cell layers, a model for placental iron transfer. Transferrin receptor expression was increased at both mRNA and protein levels. Similarly, expression of the iron-responsive element (IRE)-regulated form of the divalent metal transporter 1 (DMT1) was also increased. In contrast, the non-IRE regulated isoform showed no change in mRNA levels. Protein levels of DMT1 increased significantly. Iron efflux is thought to be mediated by the metal transporter protein, IREG1/ferroportin1/MTP1, and oxidation of Fe(II) to Fe(III) prior to incorporation into fetal transferrin is carried out by the placental copper oxidase. Expression of IREG1 was not altered by iron deficiency, whereas copper oxidase activity was increased. In BeWo cells made iron deficient by treatment with desferrioxamine (‘deferioxamine’), iron accumulation from iron-transferrin increased, in parallel with increased expression of the transferrin receptor. At the same time, iron efflux also increased, showing a higher flux of iron from the apical to the basolateral side. The data show that expression of placental proteins of iron transport are up-regulated in maternal iron deficiency, resulting in an increased efficiency of iron flux and a consequent minimization of the severity of fetal anaemia.
Parallel Post-Processing Techniques for Fast Radar Cross-Section Computation (2006)

Parallel processing methods for accelerating radar cross-section (RCS) calculation for general 3D conducting targets are investigated and evaluated. The main focus of this work is to develop methodologies that exploit the use of parallel computing environments during the post-processing phase of general method of moments (MoM) programs used for surface integral equations. The primary objective of this research is to examine the processor requirements incurred when multiple processors are used to solve for an overall RCS in a parallel manner. A secondary goal of this study is to evaluate the solution accuracy of asymptotic waveform evaluation (AWE) based techniques used in conjunction with this parallel post-processing approach. A selection of illustrative and informative computational examples for benchmark RCS targets are solved and compared to direct MoM reference solutions using the CLUMEQ Supercomputing Centre at McGill University
Chain-topology-controlled hyperbranched polyethylene as effective polymer processing aid (PPA) for extrusion of a metallocene linear-low-density polyethylene (mLLDPE) (2008)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Jianli Wang, Marianna Kontopoulou, Zhibin Ye, Ramesh Subramanian, Shiping Zhu; Chain-topology-controlled hyperbranched polyethylene as effective polymer processing aid (PPA) for extrusion of a metallocene linear-low-density polyethylene (mLLDPE). J. Rheol. 1 January 2008; 52 (1): 243–260. https://doi.org/10.1122/1.2807445 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe Society of RheologyJournal of Rheology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A novel PWM technique for three-phase inverter/converter. (1985)

Various PWM techniques for three-phase power converters, such as the AC to DC converter and the DC to AC inverter, have been proposed and increasingly used with the development of the switching power devices. These are discussed separately for the types of the voltage source and the current source. This paper proposes a new PWM technique for the three-phase inverter/converter applicable to the above both types. The output characteristics of the new PWM technique are excellent in the low-order harmonic elimination and the output gain to the DC power source. In this paper, the method to obtain the switching timing, the switching pulse pattern for the each power source, the frequency spectrum and the characteristics for the PWM output waveform are described. And they are verified by the experimental results for the voltage source inverter and the current source AC to DC converter.
Scalar Curvature and Geometrization Conjectures for 3-Manifolds (1997)

We first summarize very briefly the topology of 3-manifolds and the approach of Thurston towards their geometrization. After discussing some general properties of curvature functionals on the space of metrics, we formulate and discuss three conjectures that imply Thurston’s Geometrization Conjecture for closed oriented 3-manifolds. The final two sections present evidence for the validity of these conjectures and outline an approach toward their proof.
ESC Guidelines on the management of acute myocardial infarction with persistent ST-segment elevation (2012)

ESC Guidelines on the management of acute myocardial infarction with persistent ST-segment elevation
Computation of the Pseudoskin Factor Caused by a Restricted-Entry Well Completed in a Multilayer Reservoir (1989)

Summary This work considers flow to a restricted-entry well in a single- or multilayer reservoir where crossflow occurs between reservoir layers. A simple algebraic expression for approximating the pseudoskin factor caused by restricted entry is presented. It is shown that, for practical purposes, this equation yields sufficiently accurate estimates of the pseudoskin factor regardless of the location of the open interval. This work also extends single-layer results of interest in well testing to the multilayer case and shows that if sufficient data are available, the results of this work can be used to prepare a complete analysis of well testing pressure data obtained at a restricted-entry well.
Retinoic acid, meiosis and germ cell fate in mammals (2007)

Although mammalian sex is determined genetically, the sex-specific development of germ cells as sperm or oocytes is initiated by cues provided by the gonadal environment. During embryogenesis, germ cells in an ovary enter meiosis, thereby committing to oogenesis. By contrast, germ cells in a testicular environment do not enter meiosis until puberty. Recent findings indicate that the key to this sex-specific timing of meiosis entry is the presence or absence of the signaling molecule retinoic acid. Although this knowledge clarifies a long-standing mystery in reproductive biology, it also poses many new questions, which we discuss in this review.
Transit Time Affects the Community Stability of<i>Lactobacillus</i>and<i>Bifidobacterium</i>Species in an<i>In Vitro</i>Model of Human Colonic Microbiotia (2011)

Retention time, which is analogous to transit time, is an index for bacterial stability in the intestine. Its consideration is of particular importance to optimize the delivery of probiotic bacteria in order to improve treatment efficacy. This study aims to investigate the effect of retention time on Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria stability using an established in vitro human colon model. Three retention times were used: 72, 96, and 144 h. The effect of retention time on cell viability of different bacterial populations was analyzed with bacterial plate counts and PCR. The proportions of intestinal Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli, Enterococci, Staphylococci and Clostridia populations, analyzed by plate counts, were found to be the same as that in human colonic microbiota. Retention time in the human colon affected the stability of Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria communities, with maximum stability observed at 144 h. Therefore, retention time is an important parameter that influences bacterial stability in the colonic microbiota. Future clinical studies on probiotic bacteria formulations should take into consideration gastrointestinal transit parameters to improve treatment efficacy.
Neutralization tests of a mN FEEP thruster (1996)

Neutralization of the ion beam produced by a FEEP thruster is in principle a task similar to the well-known problem of neutralizing a traditional ion rocket.On the other hand, the neutralization of a small, micronewton thrust level FEEP poses several practical problems. The neutralizer has to produce a very low electron current, that must couple with the very fast ions exhausted by the thruster. As the envisaged use of FEEP is based on its fine throttling capabilities, the neutralizer has to be proportionately able to follow the variations of the ion current, with the same rapidity. A first experimental assessment of the problem has been recently performed at Centrospazio. A series of test has been carried out on a 3 cm emitter, together with two neutralizers, namely a plasma bridge hollow cathode and a hot filament. The hollow cathode, developed by SEP, was fed by gaseous cæsium. A thoriated tungsten filament was also tested. The thruster and neutralizer operational parameters have been recorded, including the coupling potential between the neutralizer and the ion beam. In order to measure this potential, the thruster assembly was electrically isolated from the vacuum facility and kept floating during the tests. This paper presents the experimental setup and the test results. A critical analysis of the data gathered is provided, aimed at the identification of the optimal technology for a flight model.
Transition state analogues in structures of ricin and saporin ribosome-inactivating proteins (2009)

Ricin A-chain (RTA) and saporin-L1 (SAP) catalyze adenosine depurination of 28S rRNA to inhibit protein synthesis and cause cell death. We present the crystal structures of RTA and SAP in complex with transition state analogue inhibitors. These tight-binding inhibitors mimic the sarcin-ricin recognition loop of 28S rRNA and the dissociative ribocation transition state established for RTA catalysis. RTA and SAP share unique purine-binding geometry with quadruple pi-stacking interactions between adjacent adenine and guanine bases and 2 conserved tyrosines. An arginine at one end of the pi-stack provides cationic polarization and enhanced leaving group ability to the susceptible adenine. Common features of these ribosome-inactivating proteins include adenine leaving group activation, a remarkable lack of ribocation stabilization, and conserved glutamates as general bases for activation of the H(2)O nucleophile. Catalytic forces originate primarily from leaving group activation evident in both RTA and SAP in complex with transition state analogues.