gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering biomaterials to control cell function (2005)

In this review, we highlight some of the recent advances in understanding how environmental cues, presented through cellular adhesions, can regulate cellular processes such as proliferation and differentiation. We discuss how these findings may impact design considerations for new materials in biology.
The synthesis of nicotinic acid‐7‐<sup>13</sup>C (1978)

Abstract Nicotinic acid, an intermediate in the pyridine nucleotide cycle, was labeled with 13 C at the 7 position. The reaction of CuCN‐ 13 C (prepared from NaCN‐ 13 C) with 3‐bromopyridine, followed by hydrolysis to the acid and purification by ion exchange chromatography, gave an overall yield of 72% nicotinic acid‐7‐ 13 C. This greater than 3‐fold increase in yield over previous methods is the result of in situ hydrolysis of the nitrile intermediate.
Ultra-Wideband Sensors for Improved Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cardiovascular Monitoring and Tumour Diagnostics (2010)

The specific advantages of ultra-wideband electromagnetic remote sensing (UWB radar) make it a particularly attractive technique for biomedical applications. We partially review our activities in utilizing this novel approach for the benefit of high and ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and other applications, e.g., for intensive care medicine and biomedical research. We could show that our approach is beneficial for applications like motion tracking for high resolution brain imaging due to the non-contact acquisition of involuntary head motions with high spatial resolution, navigation for cardiac MRI due to our interpretation of the detected physiological mechanical contraction of the heart muscle and for MR safety, since we have investigated the influence of high static magnetic fields on myocardial mechanics. From our findings we could conclude, that UWB radar can serve as a navigator technique for high and ultra-high field magnetic resonance imaging and can be beneficial preserving the high resolution capability of this imaging modality. Furthermore it can potentially be used to support standard ECG analysis by complementary information where sole ECG analysis fails. Further analytical investigations have proven the feasibility of this method for intracranial displacements detection and the rendition of a tumour's contrast agent based perfusion dynamic. Beside these analytical approaches we have carried out FDTD simulations of a complex arrangement mimicking the illumination of a human torso model incorporating the geometry of the antennas applied.
Random completley generalized nonlinear variational inclusions with non-compact valued random mappings (1997)

In this paper, we introduce and study a new class of random completely generalized nonlinear variational inclusions with non-compact valued random mappings and construct some new iterative algorithms. We prove the existence of random solutions for this class of random variational inclusions and the convergence of random iterative sequences generated by the algorithms.
Investigations on Platinum Gauze Surfaces Used in the Manufacture of Nitric Acid THE DEPENDENCE OF THE ACTIVITY OF A PLATINUM CATALYST ON THE COMPOSITION OF SUB-SURFACE LAYERS (2000)

The oxidation of ammonia for the production of nitric acid is a well known process which has been in constant use since the 1890s for the manufacture offertilisec Ammonia is oxidised on the surjace of a woven or knitted catalyst gauze made of noble metals. Fertiliserproduction throughout the world partly depends on this technology and research is continuously being undertaken aimed at optimising output and reducing the noble metal loss from the catalysts. Here, some investigations cam‘ed out in Ukraine on the surjace composition of binary (platinumpalladium) and ternary (platinum-palladium-rhodium) alloys used for the ammonia oxidation process are described. Samples of catalyst received difSerent pretreatments, and their activiry was then measured in a laboratory reactor; paying particular attention to the composition of the first few nanometres below the surface. Analysis of the experimental data showed that the role of carbon is different to that of other elements and that the activity of the catalyst is a maximum for carbon concentrations in the range 6 to 10 atomic per cent. It seems most probable than the carbon is present as microcrystals embedded in the alloy and concentrated on the faces of the metal crystals.
Islanding Detection Using a Coordinate Transformation Based Phase-Locked Loop (2007)

The acceptance rate at which distributed generation (DG) resources are being allowed to connect to the electric utility grid is rapidly increasing. To ensure the proper and safe usage of these resources, protection schemes known as islanding detection algorithms must be implemented to disconnect a DG from the grid such that they do not inadvertently feed a fault or other islanding events. This paper proposes a quasi-active islanding detection algorithm to minimize/eliminate non-detection zones (NDZs), as well as to further mitigate any perturbations needed to detect an islanding event. Simulations confirmed by experimental results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the scheme.
Seedless Superfill: Copper Electrodeposition in Trenches with Ruthenium Barriers (2003)

Superfilling of fine trenches by direct copper electrodeposition onto a ruthenium barrier is demonstrated. The ruthenium layer, as well as an adhesion promoting titanium or tantalum layer, was deposited by physical vapor deposition onto patterned silicon dioxide. Copper was deposited from an electrolyte previously shown to yield superconformal feature filling on copper seeded features. The single-step deposition process offers significant processing advantages over conventional damascene processing. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Ultrafiltration of Simian Viruses (1964)

Millipore filters of 100, 50 and 10 mp pore sizes were found to be satisfactory for estimating the size of simian viruses, and classifying them into 3 size categories of large, medium and small. SV5 was of large size; SV1, SV11, SV12, SV13, SV17, SV23, SV25, SV27 SV30, SV31, SV32 SV33, and SV36 were in the medium size range; SV16, SV18, War;, SV29, SV35 and SV40 belong to the small virus group. Simplicity of the filter set would permit its use in a routine virus laboratory.
Learning Intelligent Dialogs for Bounding Box Annotation (2018)

We introduce Intelligent Annotation Dialogs for bounding box annotation. We train an agent to automatically choose a sequence of actions for a human annotator to produce a bounding box in a minimal amount of time. Specifically, we consider two actions: box verification [34], where the annotator verifies a box generated by an object detector, and manual box drawing. We explore two kinds of agents, one based on predicting the probability that a box will be positively verified, and the other based on reinforcement learning. We demonstrate that (1) our agents are able to learn efficient annotation strategies in several scenarios, automatically adapting to the image difficulty, the desired quality of the boxes, and the detector strength; (2) in all scenarios the resulting annotation dialogs speed up annotation compared to manual box drawing alone and box verification alone, while also outperforming any fixed combination of verification and drawing in most scenarios; (3) in a realistic scenario where the detector is iteratively re-trained, our agents evolve a series of strategies that reflect the shifting trade-off between verification and drawing as the detector grows stronger.
UV Light-assisted Chemical Vapor Deposition of TiO2 for Efficiency Development at Dye-sensitized Mesoporous Layers on Plastic Film Electrodes (2003)

Abstract Chemical vapor deposition of TiO2 combined with UV light irradiation at nanocrystalline TiO2 particle layers coated on plastic film electrodes (ITO-PET) drastically enhanced dye-sensitized photocurrent and improved photovoltage up to 750 mV, achieving energy conversion efficiency of 3.8%.
A Multinational Population Survey of Intravaginal Ejaculation Latency Time (2005)

The IELT distribution is positively skewed. The overall median value was 5.4 minutes but with differences between countries. For all five countries, median IELT values were independent of condom usage. In countries excluding Turkey, the median IELT values were independent of circumcision status.
Attention-based information retrieval using eye tracker data (2005)

We describe an automated keyword extraction system which uses an eye tracker to identify those areas of a written document the reader finds of greatest interest. The keywords thus extracted are then used in the back end of an information retrieval system to help the user find other documents which contain information of interest to him.
Master Executive Control Techniques for an Advanced Avionics Digital Computer System. (1969)

Abstract : The purpose of the study is to investigate techniques for the master executive control of a multiprocessor organizational concept under development by NASC. The organization assumes byte-functional modularity and will use the technologies and methodologies which are projected for the 1975-80 time frame. These include the use of large-scale integration, microprogramming, and modular programming. The resultant system will be a general-purpose digital avionics computer system which can be configured to meet a continuous range of Naval airborne computational requirements, using a minimum number of standard modular building blocks. (Author)
Mathematical linguistics in the Soviet Union (1966)

Printed in the Netherlands by Mouton &
Exploiting user expertise in answer expression (1988)

Previous natural language help systems have not taken into account the user’s knowledge when formulating answers. Such pragmatic information is needed to for-mulate more concise and helpful answers. By not repeating things that the user already knows, a system can provide more succinct answers that, because they focus on pertinent new facts, are easier to understand. A users’s prior knowledge also allows a system to util-ize special teaching formats such as similes. This pro-cess of refining answers using pragmatic information is called answer expression. It has been implemented in the UCExpress component of UC (UNIX Consultant), a natural language system that helps users solve problems in using UNIX. UCExpress separates answer expres-sion into two phases: pruning and formatting. During pruning, subconcepts of the answer are marked as not needing generation when they are already known by the user, or marked as candidates for generating anaphora or ellipsis when they are part of the conversational con-text. During formatting, UCExpress uses information about the user’s prior domain knowledge to select among specialized expository formats, such as similes and examples, for expressing information to the user. These formats allow UCExpress to present different types of information clearly and concisely. 1.
Vehicle detection algorithm based on horizontal/vertical edges (2011)

This paper presents a vehicle detection algorithm for driver assistance system based on embedded vision architecture. Before generating the hypothesis, we propose to delimiter the search area. The Hough transform is used to detect the lines that delimit the search area. By doing so we can reduce the computation time and the false detection rate during the hypothesis generation phase. The search area is determined by the Hough transform and can be tracking in the following frames. The generation of hypothesis is based on horizontal edges, due to bumper, rear window, plate, etc. and detected by a Sobel filter. The verification of the hypothesis consists to find the “U” shape. For that we verify the presence of two vertical edges, left and right, each connected to a horizontal edge. Satisfactory results have been obtained, representing 90% of correct detection in different situations and with a good rate of 11 frame/s. The algorithm can be implemented on embedded DSP platform.
Vacuum integrated circuits (1985)

There is a rebirth of interest in vacuum electronics for special purpose signal and data processing, based on specific advantages of the vacuum as a device medium, but also on the applicability of solid state fabrication technology to vacuum device and circuit concepts. Programs in this direction at several laboratories are reviewed. The prospects for vacuum ICs filling special application niches are discussed.
Gene therapy in man. Recommendations of European Medical Research Councils. (1988)

1. The purpose of gene therapy currently under consideration is the correction of genetic defects; attempts to enhance general human characteristics should not be contemplated. Only somatic cell gene therapy, resulting in non-heritable changes to particular body tissues, should be contemplated. Germline therapy, for introduction of heritable genetic modifications, is not acceptable. Further technical improvements in the expression of transferred genes in somatic cells will be necessary before successful gene therapy can be achieved even in animal models; in the meantime trials in man are not justified. 2. The most appropriate "candidate" genetic diseases for early investigation of treatment by gene therapy are single-gene disorders for which the affected gene and its regulation have been characterised. 3. In the near future, it is likely that success in the introduction of normal genes into human cells will be achieved through the use of disabled retrovirus vectors, although other techniques may advance rapidly. Much further work is required in the development of safe species-specific and tissue-specific retrovirus vectors. The methods of gene introduction should not result in the spread of gene or vector to other tissues within the body or to people in contact with the patient. The possibility of a significant increase in the predisposition of the patient to cancer should be evaluated in considering the risks and benefits of the treatment. In addition, the expression and regulation of the gene inserted should be stable and sufficient to ensure a therapeutic effect. 4. General ethical considerations applicable to any new clinical treatment apply to human gene therapy and, in the first instance, will require assessment in individual cases. In the near future it is likely that such therapy will be clinically justified in particular patients with invariably fatal or life-threatening diseases, provided informed consent is obtained and no alternative treatment is available. 5. A national body should consider all proposals for human gene therapy and ensure the application of agreed national guidelines. Early trials should be monitored by a central body.
An Empirical Study of Mobile Ad Targeting (2015)

Advertising, long the financial mainstay of the web ecosystem, has become nearly ubiquitous in the world of mobile apps. While ad targeting on the web is fairly well understood, mobile ad targeting is much less studied. In this paper, we use empirical methods to collect a database of over 225,000 ads on 32 simulated devices hosting one of three distinct user profiles. We then analyze how the ads are targeted by correlating ads to potential targeting profiles using Bayes' rule and Pearson's chi squared test. This enables us to measure the prevalence of different forms of targeting. We find that nearly all ads show the effects of application- and time-based targeting, while we are able to identify location-based targeting in 43% of the ads and user-based targeting in 39%.
Microbial Metabolism of Reduced Phosphorus Compounds (2007)

The field of bacterial phosphorus (P) metabolism has undergone a significant transformation in the past decade owing to the elucidation of widespread and diverse pathways for the metabolism of reduced P compounds. The characterization of these pathways dramatically changes the current and narrow view of P metabolism and our understanding of the forms in which P is produced and available in the environment. In this review, recent investigations into the biochemical pathways and molecular genetics of reduced P metabolism in bacteria are discussed. Particular attention is paid to recently elucidated metabolic reactions and the genetic characterization of biosynthesis of organic reduced P compounds and to the pathways for oxidation of the inorganic reduced P compounds hypophosphite and phosphite.
Potential of MOS technologies for analog integrated circuits (1978)

Reviews the rapid progress in MOS analog circuit techniques over the past three years, and attempts to estimate the near-term attainable characteristics of MOS LSI circuits which incorporate both analog and digital functions.
Rabbit bone matrix induces bone formation in the athymic rat (1988)

Rabbit and rat bone matrix were implanted in athymic rat muscle, and the bone yield was measured as total calcium content after 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Matrix from both species induced equal amounts of new bone in the athymic rat. In rabbit and normal rat, the xenogenic matrix induced little or no bone formation. Thus, in the case of rabbit and rat, bone induction is species specific due to immunogenic mechanisms. The athymic rat can be used to measure inductive properties of bone matrix from different species.
Distributed deviation detection in sensor networks (2003)

Sensor networks have recently attracted much attention, because of their potential applications in a number of different settings. The sensors can be deployed in large numbers in wide geographical areas, and can be used to monitor physical phenomena, or to detect certain events.An interesting problem which has not been adequately addressed so far is that of distributed online deviation detection in streaming data. The identification of deviating values provides an efficient way to focus on the interesting events in the sensor network.In this work, we propose a technique for online deviation detection in streaming data. We discuss how these techniques can operate efficiently in the distributed environment of a sensor network, and discuss the tradeoffs that arise in this setting. Our techniques process as much of the data as possible in a decentralized fashion, so as to avoid unnecessary communication and computational effort.
Query Optimization for Graph Analytics on Linked Data Using SPARQL (2015)

Triplestores that support query languages such as SPARQL are emerging as the preferred and scalable solution to represent data and meta-data as massive heterogeneous graphs using Semantic Web standards. With increasing adoption, the desire to conduct graph-theoretic mining and exploratory analysis has also increased. Addressing that desire, this paper presents a solution that is the marriage of Graph Theory and the Semantic Web. We present software that can analyze Linked Data using graph operations such as counting triangles, finding eccentricity, testing connectedness, and computing PageRank directly on triple stores via the SPARQL interface. We describe the process of optimizing performance of the SPARQL-based implementation of such popular graph algorithms by reducing the space-overhead, simplifying iterative complexity and removing redundant computations by understanding query plans. Our optimized approach shows significant performance gains on triplestores hosted on stand-alone workstations as well as hardware-optimized scalable supercomputers such as the Cray XMT.
Use of Subject Field Codes from a Machine-Readable Dictionary for Automatic Classification of Documents (1992)

We are currently eveloping a system whose goal is to emulate a human classifier who peruses a large set of documents and sons them into richly defined classes based solely on the subject content of the documents. To accomplish this task, our system tags each word in a document with the appropriate Subject Field Code (SFC) from a machine-readable dictionary. The within- document SFCs are then summed and normalized and each document is represented as a vector of the SFCs occurring in that document. These vectors are clustered using Ward's agglomerative clustering algorithm (Ward, 1963) to form classes in a document database. For retrieval, queries are likewise represented as SFC vectors and then matched to the prototype SFC vector of each cluster in the database. Clusters whose prototype SFC vectors exhibit a predetermined criterion of similarity to the query SFC vector are passed on to other system components for more computationally expensive representation and matching.
Delay test generation. II. Algebra and algorithms (2003)

For pt.I see ibid., p.857-66 (1988). A novel algebra is introduced for delay test generation. The algebra combines the nine natural logic values (00 , 01, 0X, 10, 11, 1X, X1, XX) with special attributes that record both heuristic choices and whatever information about waveforms is deducible algebraically (i.e. without numerical computations using actual gate delays). A test generator uses this algebra in an efficiently organized backtrack search. The test generator is linked to a delay fault simulator. Previous event-driven simulators have considered different types of events; one type of event is a change in faultless values from one test to another test, and the other type of event is a difference between faulty and faultless values. The presented simulator is driven by both types of events. Each generated test is simulated to determine the quality of detection.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Promoting School Physical Education through Korean Traditional Martial Arts (2017)

The purpose of this study is to illustrate a method implementing martial arts education in school physical education in order to solve the problem of Korean education and social problems through martial arts etiquette. The methods of study were analysis of materials related with martial arts education, the 2015 Korean school physical education curriculum, and interviews with the teachers. This study analyzed the Korean school physical education curriculum, investigated the cause of a qualitative fall-off in the strength of the student body, sought the cause of alienation of martial arts in school physical education, and illustrated the methods to promote martial arts training in school physical education. The results of the current study suggest that the cooperation of the association on martial arts would facilitate their growth in public schools. Moreover, a need exists for supports of the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism (MCST), along with the responsible departments of the Traditional Martial Arts Promotion Law, for martial arts to be included in public school physical education curriculums.
Photo‐Field‐Emission from High‐Resistance Silicon and Germanium (1966)

Abstract The characteristics of field and photo‐field‐emission from high‐resistance Si and Ge at low temperature are presented. On the basis of a dielectric field cathode model, the nature of the dark current and the conditions of voltage redistribution across the emitter and vacuum gap are discussed. The photofield emission characteristics are also discussed.
Copulation in Castrated Male Rats following Combined Treatment with Estradiol and Dihydrotestosterone (1973)

Castrated male rats injected daily with 2 micrograms of estradiol benzoate (EB) combined with 200 micrograms of dihydrotestosterone propionate (DHTP) displayed masculine mating behavior which was indistinguishable from that of other castrates treated with 200 micrograms of testosterone propionate (TP). Significantly less copulation was seen in rats treated with either 4 micrograms of TP plus 200 micrograms of DHTP or 2 micrograms of EB. Mating in male rats may depend on the action of both estrogenic and 5alpha-dihydro metabolites of testosterone.