gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New infectious diseases will continue to emerge (2004)

Dozens of new infectious diseases are likely to emerge over the next 25 years unless humans acquire an ecological perspective on infectious diseases rather than seeing microbes as simply an invading entity that should be blindly attacked with antibiotics or used as a tool for biological warfare, a conference was told last week.

Professor Tony McMichael, of the Australian National University, Canberra, said that the emergence and spread of 35 new or newly diagnosed infectious diseases in the past 25 years was a product of our modern way of …
Cell Type-specific Expression of LINE-1 Open Reading Frames 1 and 2 in Fetal and Adult Human Tissues (2004)

The LINE-1 (L1) family of non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons is a major force shaping mammalian genomes, and its members can alter the genome in many ways. Mutational analyses have shown that coexpression of functional proteins encoded by the two L1-specific open reading frames, ORF1 and ORF2, is an essential prerequisite for the propagation of L1 elements in the genome. However, all efforts to identify ORF2-encoded proteins have failed so far. Here, applying a novel antibody we report the presence of proteins encoded by ORF2 in a subset of cellular components of human male gonads. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed coexpression of ORF1 and ORF2 in prespermatogonia of fetal testis, in germ cells of adult testis, and in distinct somatic cell types, such as Leydig, Sertoli, and vascular endothelial cells. Coexpression of both proteins in male germ cells is necessary for the observed genomic expansion of the number of L1 elements. Peptide mass fingerprinting analysis of a approximately 130-kDa polypeptide isolated from cultured human dermal microvascular endothelial cells led to the identification of ORF2-encoded peptides. An isolated approximately 45-kDa polypeptide was shown to derive from nonfunctional copies of ORF2 coding regions. The presence of both ORF1- and ORF2-encoded proteins in vascular endothelial cells and its apparent association with certain stages of differentiation and maturation of blood vessels may have functional relevance for vasculogenesis and/or angiogenesis.
Charge Trapping Memory Cell of TANOS (Si-Oxide-SiN-Al2O3-TaN) Structure Compatible to Conventional NAND Flash Memory (2006)

To realize TANOS-NAND flash memory, key requirements like program/erase speed, read retention, and program disturb window should be satisfied. In this work, we present 63 nm NAND-type TANOS cells to satisfy all the requirements and to replace floating-gate cells in conventional NAND flash memory without changing a circuit design and a sensing window
Holographic Thin Film Couplers (1970)

Recently P. K. Tien and his co-workers have described a prism coupler as a convenient means to feed light into a single mode of a guiding thin optical film. <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> Distributed couplers of this kind are of great interest for integrated optical devices. In this brief we describe thin
abiliti® Closed-Loop Gastric Electrical Stimulation System for Treatment of Obesity: Clinical Results with a 27-Month Follow-Up (2015)

Gastric electrical stimulation with abiliti system in obese participants is well tolerated and leads to significant 12 M weight loss, which was stable to 27 M. We suggest that weight loss is achieved due to the assessed alteration of eating behavior in particular the reduction in disinhibition and hunger, and the measured increase in physical activity.
Analysis of Sampling Line Bias on Respirable Mass Measurement (2003)

This study investigated the bias introduced by an inlet sampling line on a respirable mass monitor. The 1.5-m electrically conductive, flexible sampling line conducts aerosol at a flow rate of 2.2 Lpm from a helmet-mounted inlet to a waist-mounted sensor for mass concentration measurement. Particulate transport was modeled for each section of the sampling line and considered the effects of diffusion, gravitational settling, and inertial impaction. An estimate of respirable mass concentration measured with the sampling line was determined by integrating assumed workplace aerosols with the transport curves. The bias introduced by the sampling line was then calculated by dividing the difference between the respirable mass concentration with and without the sampling line by that without the sampling line. For the current sampling line, in which the inner diameter is 4.83 mm, bias was calculated as -0.3 percent, -2.4 percent, -4.6 percent, and -6.7 percent for four test aerosols with mass median aerodynamic diameters of 0.6 microm, 4 microm, 12 microm, and 30 microm, respectively. Optimization studies suggest that increasing the sampling line with a larger inner diameter by a factor of 1.25 to 1.75 will minimize bias to below -3.0 percent. An experimental study confirmed that bias due to the presence of the sampling line is small.
RDTC Optimized Compression of Image-Based Scene Representations (Part I): Modeling and Theoretical Analysis (2008)

Rendering of virtual views in interactive streaming of compressed image-based scene representations requires random access to arbitrary parts of the reference image data. The degree of interframe dependencies exploited during encoding has an impact on the transmission and decoding time and, at the same time, delimits the (storage) rate-distortion (RD) tradeoff that can be achieved. In this work, we extend the classical RD optimization approach using hybrid video coding concepts to a tradeoff between the storage rate (R), distortion (D), transmission data rate (T), and decoding complexity (C). We present a theoretical model for this RDTC space with a focus on the decoding complexity and, in addition, the impact of client side caching on the RDTC measures is considered and evaluated. Experimental results qualitatively match those predicted by our theoretical models and show that an adaptation of the encoding process to scenario specific parameters like computational power of the receiver and channel throughput can significantly reduce the user-perceived delay or required storage for RDTC optimized streams compared to RD optimized or independently encoded scene representations.
A CSTR‐hollow fiber system for continuous hydrolysis of proteins. Performance and kinetics (1981)

Abstract The effect of four operating variables (enzyme concentration, substrate concentration, flow rate, and reaction volume) on the performance of CSTR‐hollow fiber membrane reactor was studied for the continuous hydrolysis of a soy protein isolate using Pronase. Based on a residence time distribution study, the reactor system was modeled as an ideal CSTR in combination with the Michaelis‐Menten equation of enzyme kinetics. This kinetic model correlated conversion with a space‐time parameter modified to include all four independent variables. An empirical model based on curvilinear regression analysis was also developed. Both models predicted conversion fairly well, although the kinetic model slightly underpredicts at high conversion.
Interconnect testing of boards with partial boundary scan (2002)

It is shown that interconnect testing for boards that mix boundary scan and conventional components can be performed effectively by a four-stage strategy: a conventional shorts test where the tester has access, a scan circuitry integrity test, a fairly conventional boundary scan interconnect test, and a test for shorts between the boundary scan and conventional parts of the circuit, which is new. There are a number of complications so that careful analysis of the results is needed, even for the conventional parts of the test, but this strategy can be used to give a precise, usable diagnosis of the problems. It is noted that a circuit is not necessarily testable just because it contains boundary scan parts. The test access port on those components is a potential weak link, and physical access to those signals is necessary to get good diagnosis. In addition, it may be impossible to diagnose accurately shorts involving nodes with neither physical access nor boundary scan access, and that may even repeatedly not be detectable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Precipitating Antibody to an Acidic Nuclear Protein Antigen, the Jo‐1, in Connective Tissue Diseases (1983)

The clinical significance of antibodies to the Jo-1 antigen in connective tissue diseases was studied. Clinical diagnoses of 11 patients who had anti-Jo-1 antibody were: polymyositis 8, dermatomyositis 1, and overlap syndrome 2 (polymyositis--systemic lupus erythematosus 1, polymyositis--scleroderma 1). All the patients who had anti-Jo-1 antibody showed interstitial pulmonary fibrosis, and in 2 patients anti-Jo-1 antibodies were detected before the appearance of lung disease.
Atomic-scale nuclear spin imaging using quantum-assisted sensors in diamond (2014)

Nuclear spin imaging at the atomic level is essential for the understanding of fundamental biological phenomena and for applications such as drug discovery. The advent of novel nano-scale sensors has given hope of achieving the long-standing goal of single-protein, high spatial-resolution structure determination in their natural environment and ambient conditions. In particular, quantum sensors based on the spin-dependent photoluminescence of Nitrogen Vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have recently been used to detect nanoscale ensembles of external nuclear spins. While NV sensitivity is approaching single-spin levels, extracting relevant information from a very complex structure is a further challenge, since it requires not only the ability to sense the magnetic field of an isolated nuclear spin, but also to achieve atomic-scale spatial resolution. Here we propose a method that, by exploiting the coupling of the NV center to an intrinsic quantum memory associated with the Nitrogen nuclear spin, can reach a tenfold improvement in spatial resolution, down to atomic scales. The spatial resolution enhancement is achieved through coherent control of the sensor spin, which creates a dynamic frequency filter selecting only a few nuclear spins at a time. We propose and analyze a protocol that would allow not only sensing individual spins in a complex biomolecule, but also unraveling couplings among them, thus elucidating local characteristics of the molecule structure.
Ultrashort <i>T</i> relaxometry for quantitation of highly concentrated superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle labeled cells (2009)

A new method was developed to measure ultrashort T(2)* relaxation in tissues containing a focal area of superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) nanoparticle-labeled cells in which the T(2)* decay is too short to be accurately measured using regular gradient echo T(2)* mapping. The proposed method utilizes the relatively long T(2) relaxation of SPIO-labeled cells and acquires a series of spin echo images with the readout echo shifted to sample the T(2)* decay curve. MRI experiments in phantoms and rats with SPIO-labeled tumors demonstrated that it can detect ultrashort T(2)* down to 1 ms or less. The measured T(2)* values were about 10% higher than those from the ultrashort TE (UTE) technique. The shorter the TE, the less the measurements deviated from the UTE T(2)* mapping. Combined with the regular T(2)* mapping, this technique is expected to provide quantitation of highly concentrated iron-labeled cells from direct cell transplantation.
Axitinib for renal cell carcinoma (2008)

Axitinib inhibits VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3 with picomolar potencies, and PDGFR-alpha, PDGFR-beta and c-kit with nanomolar potencies. Phase II clinical trials of axitinib in pretreated RCC following sorafenib or cytokine treatment have demonstrated promising activity accompanied by a favorable toxicity profile. Further development of axitinib for RCC is warranted.
On the feasibility of real-time, in vivo harmonic imaging with proteinaceous microspheres. (1996)

Harmonic imaging is a new contrast-specific imaging modality, which utilizes the nonlinear properties of microbubble-based sonographic contrast agents by transmitting at the fundamental frequency but receiving at the second harmonic frequency. The feasibility of improving the detection of slow, small-volume blood flow using real-time harmonic imaging has been investigated in vivo. Proteinaceous microspheres (FS069) were administrated to four dogs, two woodchucks (with multiple hepatomas), and one rabbit. Three different scanners were used to obtain real-time images of kidneys and liver (including vessels) in harmonic and conventional gray scale and color flow modes. The duration of contrast enhancement lasted significantly longer in harmonic than in conventional modes (on average 87 s; P = 0.008). Harmonic images were less susceptible to artifacts, such as acoustic shadowing, and a clear increase in the (flow) signal-to-noise ratio was observed. These preliminary in vivo results demonstrate the feasibility of performing real-time, contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging, but further studies are required to establish clinical efficacy.
Enhanced Charge Transportation in Semiconducting Polymer/Insulating Polymer Composites: The Role of an Interpenetrating Bulk Interface (2010)

Abstract The charge transportation in poly(3‐butylthiophene) (P3BT)/insulating polymer composites is studied both microscopically and macroscopically. The increased mobility of free charge carriers, in particular hole mobility, contributes to the enhanced electrical conductivity of this semiconductor/insulator composite. The conductivity origin of the composite, as revealed by conductive‐atomic force microscopy (C‐AFM), comes mainly from the P3BT network, whose carrier mobility has been improved as a result of reduced activation energy for charge transportation upon forming an interface with the insulating matrix. Both the huge interfacial area and interconnected conductive component are morphologically required for the enhanced electrical property of the composite. An increased size of the P3BT domains, which correspondingly reduces the interfacial area between the two components, ruins the enhancement. This study clarifies the mechanism of the higher electrical properties achieved in a semiconducting polymer upon blending with an insulating polymer, which will further promote the development of these low‐cost, easily processable, and environmentally stable composites.
Cytotoxicity of nanoscaled metal–organic frameworks (2013)

A series of fourteen porous Metal-Organic Frameworks (MOFs) with different compositions (Fe, Zn, and Zr; carboxylates or imidazolates) and structures have been successfully synthesised at the nanoscale and fully characterised by XRPD, FTIR, TGA, N<sub>2</sub> porosimetry, TEM, DLS and ζ-potential. Their toxicological assessment was performed using two different cell lines: human epithelial cells from foetal cervical carcinoma (HeLa) and murine macrophage cell line (J774). It appears that MOF nanoparticles (NPs) exhibit low cytotoxicity, comparable to those of other commercialised nanoparticulate systems, the less toxic being the Fe carboxylate and the more toxic being the zinc imidazolate NPs. The cytotoxicity values, higher in J774 cells than in HeLa cells, are mainly function of their composition and cell internalisation capacity. Finally, cell uptake of one of the most relevant Fe-MOF-NPs for drug vectorisation has been investigated by confocal microscopy studies, and indicates a faster kinetics of cell penetration within J774 compared to HeLa cells.
Image Enhancement For The Visually Impaired (1984)

Application of image processing for the visually impaired is discussed. Image degradation in the low vision patient's visual system can be specified as a transfer function obtained by measurements of contrast sensitivity. The effectiveness of adaptive image enhancement for printed pictures is demonstrated using an optically simulated cataractous lens.
BHV LEAFLET STRAIN MONITORED BY DOUBLE-PULSE STEREO-PHOTOGRAMMETRY (2000)

The short life span of current bioprosthetic heart valves (BHVs) remains to be a major concern. It is believed that the valve failure is directly related to the uneven stress distribution within the valve leaflets. Current in vitro study of the stress distributions using experimental assessment or theoretical modeling was conducted based on measured material properties from dissected valve leaflet. However, the surface stress-strain within the intact valve leaflet under physiologic conditions has not been reported. This information is crucial for realistic stress-strain analysis. To address this problem, a stereophotogrammetry system with two simultaneous cameras was developed to assess the surface strain of the valve leaflet. The experiment was conducted inside a pulse flow loop (PFL) that closely simulates the physiologic conditions. A pericardial valve was installed in the aortic valve position of the PFL with one of the leaflet marked with approximately 125 India Ink dots forming a marker matrix for detailed strain analysis. A high speed stroboscope was employed as the illumination device, which was triggered by a double-pulse train to capture sequence of dual pictures corresponding to consecutive leaflet images before and after the deformation in a fixed minimum duration of 4.5 μs. The local leaflet surface strain was calculated directly using the marker's coordinates in the consecutive images. By using this technique, sequence of strain maps corresponding to various phases of leaflet motion was obtained for the complete cardiac cycle.
An exact wave equation for sound in inhomogeneous, moving, and non-stationary fluids (2011)

Acoustic wave equation is typically the starting point in mathematical modeling of sound propagation, scattering, and diffraction as well as in solving inverse problems attendant to acoustic remote sensing. While acoustic wave equations are well known for motionless media, no exact, scalar wave equation has been found for sound in generic inhomogeneous, moving fluids. In this paper, an exact wave equation is derived which describes sound propagation and scattering in a wide class of inhomogeneous, moving fluids with time-dependent parameters. A number of previously proposed acoustic wave equations prove to be particular cases of the new equation.
Glucocorticoid downregulates expression of IL-12 family cytokines in systemic lupus erythematosus patients (2013)

SLE patients have increased plasma levels of IL-12 family cytokines and GCs can downregulate the expression of them in SLE patients. Therefore, members of the IL-12 family may be involved in the pathophysiological process of SLE.
Reconfigurable low power cell search engine for UMTS-FDD mobile terminals (2003)

This paper addresses initial acquisition for the UMTS-FDD W-CDMA standard. It presents an innovative cell searcher architecture optimized for acquisition speed and for low power consumption. The proposed architecture utilizes a memory-based digital matched filter with permuted processing order. The same filtering hardware can be reconfigured to process all the steps of the UMTS-FDD initial cell search. It can also perform other functions such as initial delay profiling, neighboring cell search and idle-mode timing alignment, which are typically carried out by the Rake receiver. These additional capabilities allow for further system-level power reduction since they avoid activating the Rake.
A 128 K*8 70-MHz multiport video RAM with auto register reload and 8*4 block WRITE feature (1988)

An 80-ns 1-Mb multiport video random-access memory (VRAM) can be organized as 128 K*8 or 256 K*4. Uninterrupted serial data streams of 70 MHz are achieved by combining pipelining and interleaving techniques with an internally triggered automatic memory-to-register transfer mechanism. DRAM bandwidth is enhanced by a block WRITE feature which can write as many as four column address locations in every CAS cycle. The write-per-bit feature has been expanded by including an on-chip write-per-bit latch and an extended mode of operation to simplify its use in a wider range of systems. The VRAM is fabricated in a 1 mu m CMOS technology using double-level poly/polycide, single level metal, and trench DRAM storage capacitors for high noise immunity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pulse radiolysis of aqueous alkaline sulfite solutions (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPulse radiolysis of aqueous alkaline sulfite solutionsZ. P. Zagorski, K. Sehested, and S. O. NielsenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 23, 3510–3517Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100692a004https://doi.org/10.1021/j100692a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views97Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Nano electrostatic discharge (2009)

As nanostructures become smaller, the electrostatic sensitivity increases, leading to new failure mechanisms. In many new electrostatically actuated devices, electric forces lead to the motion of structural elements. Electrostatically actuated devices, magnetic recording devices, photomasks, RF switches, and micromachines have air gaps, which can lead to a breakdown across surfaces and in the air gap; the failure mechanism can lead to both latent and functional failures of the structure. Significant challenges are ahead of us in providing protection to these nanostructures from electrostatics.
INFRARED ABSORPTION SPECTRA OF WHOLE CELLS OF NOCARDIA AND RELATED ORGANISMS (1963)

Studies were made on the characterization of the genera Nocardia, Mycobacterium and Streptomyces by means of infrared spectrophotometry of whole cells obtained by the shaking culture. Spectra of 12 strains of mycobacteria, 37 strains of nocardia and 16 strains of streptomyces were investigated. It was found that culture ages of the test organisms may affect the spectral configuration to some extent, but considerably uniform spectra were obtained during the stationary phase of their growth. Among the investigated culture media, the glycerol Kelner-Morton medium proved to be most useful as it gave cells showing characteristic absorption bands in the spectra. Four regions in the spectrum were chosen for the differentiation, and each region was further classified into 5 types according to shape and relative intensity of selected key absorption bands. Good correlation of the spectral conformation and biological properties of test strains was noticed. Spectral analysis also suggested that whole cell infrared spectrophotometry would reflected characteristic chemical components of nocardia as an intermediate between mycobacterium and streptomyces.