gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bridge leg snubbers for GTO thyristor inverters (2002)

This paper considers two common snubber circuits used in gate turn-off thyristor inverters. Both circuits incorporate an inductive turn-on snubber and capacitive turn-off snubbers. The first snubber circuit, which normally has resistive losses, is converted into an active recovery snubber circuit by the addition of a switch. The second snubber is a passive recovery lossless snubber, and an improvement to this circuit renders it viable. The comparative features and operation of the two improved recovery snubbers are considered and supported by PSPICE simulations and experimental results.
Nanofluidics an introduction (2018)

This book provides an introduction to nanofluidics in a simple manner and can be easily followed by senior undergraduate students, graduate students, and other researchers who have some background in fluid mechanics. The book covers the main topics about the fundamentals of nanofluidics and how it differs from classic fluid mechanics. It also describes the methodologies of nanofluidics, including numerical approaches, e.g., molecular dynamics simulation and experimental techniques. Fundamental physics and new phenomena in nanofluidics are the major concerns of this book.
Novel Fluorescence Labeling and High-Throughput Assay Technologies for In Vitro Analysis of Protein Interactions (2002)

We developed and tested a simple method for fluorescence labeling and interaction analysis of proteins based on a highly efficient in vitro translation system combined with high-throughput technologies such as microarrays and fluorescence cross-correlation spectroscopy (FCCS). By use of puromycin analogs linked to various fluorophores through a deoxycytidylic acid linker, a single fluorophore can be efficiently incorporated into a protein at the carboxyl terminus during in vitro translation. We confirmed that the resulting fluorescently labeled proteins are useful for probing protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions by means of pulldown assay, DNA microarrays, and FCCS in model experiments. These fluorescence assay systems can be easily extended to highly parallel analysis of protein interactions in studies of functional genomics. [Online supplementary material available at http://www.genome.org .]
Bench-scale Kinetics Study of Mercury Reactions in FGD Liquors (2008)

This document is the final report for Cooperative Agreement DE-FC26-04NT42314, 'Kinetics Study of Mercury Reactions in FGD Liquors'. The project was co-funded by the U.S. DOE National Energy Technology Laboratory and EPRI. The objective of the project has been to determine the mechanisms and kinetics of the aqueous reactions of mercury absorbed by wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) systems, and develop a kinetics model to predict mercury reactions in wet FGD systems. The model may be used to determine optimum wet FGD design and operating conditions to maximize mercury capture in wet FGD systems. Initially, a series of bench-top, liquid-phase reactor tests were conducted and mercury species concentrations were measured by UV/visible light spectroscopy to determine reactant and byproduct concentrations over time. Other measurement methods, such as atomic absorption, were used to measure concentrations of vapor-phase elemental mercury, that cannot be measured by UV/visible light spectroscopy. Next, a series of bench-scale wet FGD simulation tests were conducted. Because of the significant effects of sulfite concentration on mercury re-emission rates, new methods were developed for operating and controlling the bench-scale FGD experiments. Approximately 140 bench-scale wet FGD tests were conducted and several unusual and pertinent effects of process chemistry on mercury re-emissions were identified and characterized. These data have been used to develop an empirically adjusted, theoretically based kinetics model to predict mercury species reactions in wet FGD systems. The model has been verified in tests conducted with the bench-scale wet FGD system, where both gas-phase and liquid-phase mercury concentrations were measured to determine if the model accurately predicts the tendency for mercury re-emissions. This report presents and discusses results from the initial laboratory kinetics measurements, the bench-scale wet FGD tests, and the kinetics modeling efforts.
A Useful Method for Differential Evaluation of Anti-Inflammatory Effects Due to Cyclooxygenase and 5-Lipoxygenase Inhibitions in Mice (1994)

This study was performed to establish a useful method for monitoring the effects of inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) and/or cyclooxygenase (CO) and for differential evaluation of these inhibitors. After oral dosing, CO inhibitors such as indomethacin (20-40 mg/kg) and ketoprofen (40-80 mg/kg), zileuton (5-LO inhibitor, 20-80 mg/kg) and MK886 (5-LO-activating-protein inhibitor, 640 mg/kg) potently suppressed arachidonic acid (AA, 0.25 mg)-induced ear edema in mice. Methysergide (serotonin antagonist, 20 mg/kg) showed a slight anti-edematous effect, while mepyramine (160 mg/kg) and bromelain (320 mg/kg) had no effect. The anti-edematous effects of indomethacin and ketoprofen were reduced by concomitant topical application of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2, 1 micrograms/ear), but not by concomitant intradermal application of leukotriene C4 (LTC4, 0.1 micrograms/ear). On the contrary, the anti-edematous effects of zileuton and MK886 were reduced by LTC4, but not by PGE2. Dual (5-LO and CO) inhibitors such as phenidone (80-160 mg/kg) and BW755C (40-80 mg/kg), which inhibited the biosynthesis of LTB4 13-15 times more potently than that of PGE2 in rat peritoneal exudate cells, also showed anti-edematous effects that were reduced by LTC4, but not by PGE2. These results suggest that the AA (0.25 mg)-induced ear edema in mice is mainly mediated by LTs and PGs and is suitable for evaluating inhibitors of 5-LO and/or CO, and that an application of LTC4 or PGE2 with AA is a useful method for differential evaluation of these inhibitors.
Synthesis and Study of Mannich Bases from 2-Naphthol and Primary Amines<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and Study of Mannich Bases from 2-Naphthol and Primary Amines1William J. Burke, Wilmonte A. Nasutavicus, and Carl WeatherbeeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 2, 407–410Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01025a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01025a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views589Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Skip-Connected Deep Convolutional Autoencoder for Restoration of Document Images (2018)

The denoising and deblurring of images are the two essential restoration tasks in the document image processing task. As the preprocessing stages of the processing pipeline, the quality of denoising and deblurring heavily influences the result of subsequent tasks, such as character detection and recognition. In this paper, we propose a novel neural method for restoring document images. We named our network Skip-Connected Deep Convolutional Autoencoder (SCDCA), which is composed of multiple layers of convolution followed by a batch normalization layer and the leaky rectified linear unit (Leaky ReLU) activation function. Inspired by the idea of residual learning, we use two types of skip connections in the network. One is identity mapping between convolution layers and the other is used to connect the input and output. Through these connections, the network learns the residual between the noisy and clean images instead of learning an ordinary transformation function. We empirically evaluate our algorithm on an open and challenging document images dataset. We also assess our restoring results using the optical character recognition (OCR) test. Experimental results have demonstrated the effectiveness and efficiency of our proposed algorithm by comparing with several state-of-the-art methods.
De la España inolvidable (1968)

En este artículo de publican los siguientes temas: Esquema de un imperio - Postrimerías del César Carlos en 1558 - El Valle de los Caídos - José Antonio en el Valle de los Caídos - La "Aguedas" de Espinosa de Henares - Semana Santa en Valladolid - Semana Santa en Madrid - La pasión de Cristo en Cervera - Las fiestas de San Isidro - La verbena de la Paloma - El Corpus en España - Día de Corpus en Madrid - El milagro de Madrid - La Alberca, rincón de Castilla - Madrigal de las Altas Torres - La Santa Cruz de Liébana - Monserrat, montaña del espíritu - Cuenca, ciudad para poetas - La Virgen de Marzo - Aquí Santiago de Compostela - Grandiosa jornada Jacobea en Santiago de Compostella - Un alarde del folclore español - Procesiones y danzas fúnebres en España - Bambucos en Castilla - La dama de Elche
Channel-Adaptive Packet Scheduler for Retransmission-Based Peer-to-Peer Stored-Video Streaming (2008)

This paper describes a channel-adaptive packet scheduler for improved error-control performance in a peer-to-peer-like distributed-media streaming system. The proposed packet-scheduling algorithm was designed for the case where streaming-server peers rely on an error recovery strategy using retransmission and application layer automatic repeat request (ARQ) rather then error protection to avoid overburdening the network resources of each server peer. To achieve channel-adaptive packet scheduling, streaming clients continue to investigate the status of each channel from multiple server peers for each group of pictures (GoP). The packet-scheduling map for the GoP that can maximize the retransmission opportunity and reduce the frame loss ratio is generated using the observed channel status from each server peer. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm enhances error recovery performance in distributed stored-video streaming better than other schedulers.
Engineered baculoviruses for pest control (1997)

The present situation with regard to the use of baculoviruses in insect control is outlined. By virtue of their high degree of host specificity, they offer considerable advantages over chemical insecticides, but their practical use is limited by a number of factors, particularly their slow speed of action. Various approaches to the genetic modification of baculoviruses to overcome these problems are described. These have resulted in improvements in insecticidal activity in laboratory trials which are now being confirmed in the field. Thus, genetically modified baculoviruses have a promising future in pest-control programmes. Our increasing knowledge of the genetic factors which regulate their behaviour is showing how other aspects of their performance may be controlled and exploited. ©1997 SCI
The Press as Storyteller (2002)

Abstract The reports that journalists offer are not called “stories” by accident. This chapter analyzes a series of cases, in wars, electoral campaigns, and policy debates, in which dramatic stories framed coverage and overwhelmed the facts. As a result, inaccuracies passed into news and the public was left misinformed.
The natural and forced formation of spot-like ‘vortex dislocations’ in the transition of a wake (1992)

The three-dimensional transition of the flow behind a bluff body is studied, with an emphasis placed on the evolution of large-scale structures in the wake. It has previously been found that there are two fundamental modes of three-dimensional vortex shedding in the wake of a circular cylinder (each mode being dependent on the range of Reynolds number), with a spanwise lengthscale of the same order as the primary streamwise wavelength of the vortex street. However. it is shown in the present study that the wake transition also involves the appearance of large-scale spot-like ‘vortex dislocations’, that grow downstream to a size of the order of 10–20 primary wavelengths. Vortex dislocations are generated between spanwise vortex-shedding cells of different frequency. The presence of these dislocations explains the large intermittent velocity irregularities that were originally found by Roshko (1954) and later by Bloor (1964) to characterize transition. The presence of these vortex dislocations in wake transition is largely responsible for the break-up to turbulence of the wake as it travels downstream. In order to study their evolution in detail, dislocations have been (passively) forced to occur at a local spanwise position with the use of a small ring disturbance. It is found that ‘two-sided’ dislocations are stable in a symmetric in-phase configuration, and that they induce quasi-periodic velocity spectra and (beat) dislocation-frequency oscillations in the near wake. Intrinsic to these dislocations is a mechanism by which they spread rapidly in the spanwise direction, involving helical twisting of the vortices and axial core flows. This is felt to be a fundamental mechanism by which vortices develop large-scale distortions in natural transition. As the wake travels downstream, the energy at the low dislocation frequency decays slowly (in contrast to the rapid decay of other frequencies), leaving the downstream wake dominated by the large dislocation structures. Distinct similarities are found between the periodic forced dislocations and the intermittent dislocations that occur in natural transition. Further similarities of dislocations in different types of flow suggest that vortex or phase dislocations could conceivably be a generic feature of transition in all shear flows.
Immunoglobulin-binding domains: Protein L from Peptostreptococcus magnus (2003)

Protein L is a multidomain cell-wall protein isolated from Peptostreptococcus magnus. It belongs to a group of proteins that contain repeated domains that are able to bind to Igs without stimulating an immune response, the most characterized of this group being Protein A ( Staphylococcus aureus ) and Protein G ( Streptococcus ). Both of these proteins bind predominantly to the interface of C(H)2-C(H)3 heavy chains, while Protein L binds exclusively to the V(L) domain of the kappa -chain. The function of these proteins in vivo is not clear but it is thought that they enable the bacteria to evade the host's immune system. Two binding sites for kappa -chain on a single Ig-binding domain from Protein L have recently been reported and we give evidence that one site has a 25-55-fold higher affinity for kappa -chain than the second site.
Optical System Design Alternatives For The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer - Tilt (MODIS-T) For The Earth Observing System (EOS) (1988)

The Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) remote sensing system is designed to operate on the polar-orbiting platform and provide global surface sensing with high spectral and temporal resolution. MODIS consists of two synergistic sensors with a total of 104 spectral bands in the 0.4 to 14.2 micrometer range. MODIS-T (Tilt) is one of these sensors. It is a 64 channel imaging spectrometer with a required 10 nanometer spectral resolution (FWHM) in the 400 to 1040 nanometer spectral range. The system will have a 1 kilometer IFOV, a wide scan for global coverage in three days, and be capable of being pointed fore and aft of nadir by ±50 degrees. Optical systems analyses and trade-off studies will be discussed with respect to the science requirements. A preliminary baseline MODIS-T optical system design has been chosen based on these studies.
Chikungunya virus: recent advances in epidemiology, host pathogen interaction and vaccine strategies (2015)

The Chikungunya virus is a re-emerging alphavirus that belongs to the family <it>Togaviridae</it>. The symptoms include fever, rashes, nausea and joint pain that may last for months. The laboratory diagnosis of the infection is based on the serologic assays, virus isolation and molecular methods. The pathogenesis of the Chikungunya viral infection is not completely understood. Some of the recent investigations have provided information on replication of the virus in various cells and organs. In addition, some recent reports have indicated that the severity of the disease is correlated with the viral load and cytokines. The Chikungunya virus infection re-emerged as an explosive epidemic during 2004–09 affecting millions of people in the Indian Ocean. Subsequent global attention was given to research on this viral pathogen due to its broad area of geographical distribution during this epidemic. Chikungunya viral infection has become a challenge for the public health system because of the absence of a vaccine as well as antiviral drugs. A number of potential vaccine candidates have been tested on humans and animal models during clinical and preclinical trials. In this review, we mainly discuss the host–pathogen relationship, epidemiology and recent advances in the development of drugs and vaccines for the Chikungunya viral infection.
Steroid-like signalling by interferons: making sense of specific gene activation by cytokines (2012)

Many cytokines, hormones and growth factors use the JAK (Janus kinase)/STAT (signal transducer and activator of transcription) pathway for cell signalling and specific gene activation. In the classical model, ligand is said to interact solely with the receptor extracellular domain, which triggers JAK activation of STATs at the receptor cytoplasmic domain. Activated STATs are then said to carry out nuclear events of specific gene activation. Given the limited number of STATs (seven) and the activation of the same STATs by cytokines with different functions, the mechanism of the specificity of their signalling is not obvious. Focusing on IFNγ (interferon γ), we have shown that ligand, receptor and activated JAKs are involved in nuclear events that are associated with specific gene activation, where the receptor subunit IFNGR1 (IFNγ receptor 1) functions as a transcription/co-transcription factor and the JAKs are involved in key epigenetic events. RTKs (receptor tyrosine kinases) such as EGFR [EGF (epidermal growth factor) receptor] and FGFR [FGF (fibroblast growth factor) receptor] also undergo nuclear translocation in association with their respective ligands. EGFR and FGFR, like IFNGR1, have been shown to function as transcription/co-transcription factors. The RTKs also regulate other kinases that have epigenetic effects. Our IFNγ model, as well as the RTKs EGFR and FGFR, have similarities to that of steroid receptor signalling. These systems consist of ligand-receptor-co-activator complexes at the genes that they activate. The co-activators consist of transcription factors and kinases, of which the latter play an important role in the associated epigenetics. It is our view that signalling by cytokines such as IFNγ is but a variation of specific gene activation by steroid hormones.
Can the strengths of AIC and BIC be shared? A conflict between model indentification and regression estimation (2005)

A traditional approach to statistical inference is to identify the true or best model first with little or no consideration of the specific goal of inference in the model identification stage. Can the pursuit of the true model also lead to optimal regression estimation? In model selection, it is well known that BIC is consistent in selecting the true model, and AIC is minimax-rate optimal for estimating the regression function. A recent promising direction is adaptive model selection, in which, in contrast to AIC and BIC, the penalty term is data-dependent. Some theoretical and empirical results have been obtained in support of adaptive model selection, but it is still not clear if it can really share the strengths of AIC and BIC. Model combining or averaging has attracted increasing attention as a means to overcome the model selection uncertainty. Can Bayesian model averaging be optimal for estimating the regression function in a minimax sense? We show that the answers to these questions are basically in the negative: for any model selection criterion to be consistent, it must behave suboptimally for estimating the regression function in terms of minimax rate of covergence; and Bayesian model averaging cannot be minimax-rate optimal for regression estimation.
Combined electrical and mechanical coupling for mode-reconfigurable CMOS-MEMS filters (2014)

This work presents a novel filter scheme which combines both electrical and mechanical coupling mechanisms implemented in a CMOS-MEMS filter to simultaneously attain small percent bandwidth through weakly mechanical link and decent stopband rejection via differentially electrical configuration. As compared to the traditional parallel-class (i.e., electrically-coupled) filters and mechanically-coupled filters, the proposed oxide-rich filter structure features flexible electrical routing and non-conductive mechanical filter couplers, hence enabling common-mode to differential (CIDO) and differential to common-mode (DICO) reconfigurable modes all within a single device. The proposed 8.6-MHz CMOS-MEMS filter has been successfully demonstrated with a narrow passband of 35 kHz (0.41% bandwidth) and stopband rejection more than 20 dB under proper termination.
Role of tyrosine kinases and the tyrosine phosphatase SptP in the interaction of Salmonella with host cells (2001)

Salmonella has evolved an intimate functional interface with its host. Central to this interface is a battery of bacterial proteins delivered into host cells via a specialized organelle termed the type III secretion system. A subset of these bacterial proteins stimulates cellular responses by activating the Rho family GTPases Cdc42 and Rac. Stimulation of these responses leads to actin cytoskeleton reorganization and the activation of cellular transcription factors that result in bacterial uptake and proinflammatory cytokine production. Remarkably, the cellular responses stimulated by Salmonella are quickly reversed by another bacterial protein, SptP, which exerts its function as a GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Cdc42 and Rac. In addition to its GAP activity located within its amino-terminus, the carboxy-terminal domain of SptP possesses potent tyrosine phosphatase activity. We show here that the tyrosine phosphatase activity of SptP is involved in reversing the MAP kinase activation that results from Salmonella infection. We also demonstrate an important role for tyrosine kinases, including ACK, in the cellular responses induced by Salmonella. We also found that a potential target for the tyrosine phosphatase activity of SptP is the intermediate filament protein vimentin, which is recruited to the membrane ruffles stimulated by Salmonella.