gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neurocan and phosphacan: two major nervous tissue-specific chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans. (1996)

Neurocan is a multidomain hyaluronan-binding chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that is synthesized by neurons, whereas the astroglial proteoglycan phosphacan is an mRNA splice variant representing the entire extracellular portion of a receptor-type protein tyrosine phosphatase. A glycoform of phosphocan (phosphocan-KS) that contains both chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate is present in the postnatal rat central nervous system (CNS). The concentration of neurocan in brain increases during late embryonic development but then declines steeply during the early postnatal period together with hyaluronan, and neurocan also undergoes extensive proteolytic processing during the course of brain development. In contrast, the concentrations of both phosphocan and phosphocan-KS rise steadily after embryonic day 20 to reach a plateau at about 2 weeks postnatally. In the embryonic CNS the distribution of neurocan mRNA is more widespread than that of phosphocan, which is primarily present in regions of active cell proliferation. Neurocan mRNA is also present in areas where the proteoglycan is not expressed, and there is evidence that the short open reading frame in its 5'-leader may function as a cis-acting regulatory signal for the modulation of neurocan expression in the developing CNS. Neurocan and phosphocan bind saturably, reversibly, and with high affinity to neural cell adhesion molecules (Ng-CAM/L1, NCAM, TAG-1/axonin-1) and to tenascin-C. The proteoglycans and their ligands have overlapping localizations in the CNS, and binding of phosphocan to Ng-CAM/L1, NCAM, and tenascin-C is mediated by complex-type N-linked oligosaccharides on the proteoglycan. Neurocan and phosphocan also bind to neurons and are potent inhibitors of neuronal and glial adhesion and neurite outgrowth. Through their interactions with neural cell adhesion and extracellular matrix molecules, these proteoglycans may play a major role in modulating cell adhesion, neurite growth, and signal transduction across the plasma membrane during the development of the CNS.
A model for adaptable systems for transaction processing (1989)

Adaptability is an essential tool for managing escalating software costs and to build high-reliability, high-performance systems. Algorithmic adaptability, which supports techniques for switching between classes of schedulers in distributed transaction systems, is modeled. RAID, an experimental system implemented to support experimentation in adaptability, is discussed. Adaptability features in RAID, including algorithmic adaptability, fault tolerance, and implementation techniques for an adaptable server-based design, are modeled.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
[Orthodontic treatment as prevention of periodontal changes]. (1992)

Even the general dental practitioners consider the orthodontic therapeutical interventions carried out with removable appliances as a harmful procedure. It is much less known how the lack of adequate orthodontic treatment endangers the peridontium. Clinical data show a cause related correlation between the maxillary incisor protrusion, mandibular frontal jammed dentition, deep vertical overbite, openbite, crossbite early deciduous tooth extractions and the periodontal pathological happenings. So it is very important to start an early orthodontic treatment to avoid the periodontal consequences of malocclusion before it has become irreversible.
Cellulose Digestion and Assimilation by Three Leaf‐shredding Aquatic Insects (1985)

The capacity of three leaf—shredding aquatic insects, Pteronarcys proteus (Plecoptera: Pteronarcidae), Tipula abdominalis (Diptera: Tipulidae), and Pycnopsyche luculenta (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae), to digest and assimilate cellulose was investigated. Pteronarcys numphs collected from two second—order woodland streams over a 14—mo period exhibited high levels of cellulolytic activity in their alimentary tracts, especially in the anterior gut. Similar though slightly lower activity levels were measured in Pycnopsyche guts. Cellulolytic activity in Tipula larvae collected from the streams during the same period was low to absent, and when present, was concentrated in the hindgut. General proteolytic activity was activity was similar in the alimentary tracts of all three species. Assimilation of uniformly labelled 1 4 C—cellulose was determined by a dual—label technique, and assimilation efficiencies were estimated at 11.2% for Pteronarcys, 18.5% for Tipula, and 12.0% for Pycnopsyche. Confirmation that labelled digestion products passed the gut wall in two species was obtained by in vitro label transport experiments. Ion exchange fractionation of labelled digestion products crossing the gut wall showed >90% of the label was transported as organic acid and amino acids in Tipula, while >40% of the label crossing the gut wall in Pteronarcys was neutral sugar. Based on the label experiments and published information, we hypothesize that Tipula relies mainly on microbial endosymbionts for cellulose hydrolysis, while Pteronarcys accomplishes hydrolysis largely by means of acquired microbial enzymes obtained through ingestion of microbially conditioned detritus. This study demonstrates the potential for certain leaf—shredding stream insect to derive nutritional benefit from plant polysaccharides, although not without microbial mediation.
On the degree of polynomials that approximate symmetric Boolean functions (preliminary version) (1992)

In this paper, we provide matching (up to a constant factor) upper and lower bounds on the degree of polynomials that represent symmetric boolean functions with an error 1/3. Let Γ(f)=min{|2k–n+1|:fk ≠ fk+ 1 and 0 ≤ k ≤ n – 1} where fi is the value of f on inputs with exactly i 1's. We prove that the minimum degree over all the approximating polynomials of f is Θ((n(n-Γ(f))).5). We apply the techniques and tools from approximation theory to derive this result.
Paclitaxel: From Discovery to Clinic (1994)

Taxol, a potent antitumor agent, was isolated from a tree, Taxus brevifolia, by procedures guided by bioactivity. Final isolation in pure form was accomplished using repeated Craig Countercurrent Distribution. Taxol is a diterpene ester with unique structural features and many asymmetric centers. The compound displayed considerable cytotoxic and antitumor activity, particularly toward B-16 melanoma. Taxol binds strongly to tubulin by a unique mechanism. Early clinical trials with patients with ovarian cancer showed remarkable efficacy resulting in complete and partial remissions. Taxol has received much chemical study, particularly in regard to structure/activity relationship (SAR), semi- and total synthesis. It is currently regarded as one of the best new anticancer agents.
Transport properties of pure and doped<i>M</i>NiSn (<i>M</i>=Zr, Hf) (1999)

We have studied the transport properties in a family of pure and doped intermetallics of the form MNiSi (M=Zr, Hf), the structures known as the half-Heusler alloys. We have shown that the transport is very sensitive to structural arrangements of the constituent atoms, and this can be manipulated by annealing, isostructural alloying, and doping. The unusual transport properties are viewed in the context of a semimetal-semiconductor transition that in pure alloys sets in near 150 K. Doping with indium can shift the transition upward towards 200 K. The high-temperature transport is dominated by the presence of heavy electrons that are responsible for surprisingly large values of thermopower. Minute amount of antimony (n-type doping) have a spectacular influence on the nature of transport and drive the electrical resistivity and Hall effect to be metal-like at all temperatures. Sb-doped alloys display very high thermoelectric power factors, but the thermal conductivity is still too high to make the material a prospective thermoelectric.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Aza[4 + 2]/Allylboration: A Novel Multicomponent Reaction for the Stereocontrolled Synthesis of α‐Hydroxyalkyl Piperidine Derivatives. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Myths and Realities in the Vietnam Debate (1987)

After nearly a decade of daily involve ment with Vietnam, I left that country during the April 1975 evacuation with a deep sense of anger and dishonor. Perhaps it was because I was by then burned out, or perhaps because I was moved by President Ford's request that there be no recrimina tions; but for whatever reason, like many others I tried to put Vietnam behind me. Now, nearly a dozen years later, two things about Vietnam have become clear to me:
Macrocyclic and Other Non–Group 1 Gadolinium Contrast Agents Deposit Low Levels of Gadolinium in Brain and Bone Tissue (2016)

Gadolinium deposition in normal brain and bone tissue occurs with macrocyclic and linear protein interacting agents in patients with normal renal function. Deposition of Gd in cortical bone occurs at much higher levels compared with brain tissue and shows a notable correlation between the two. Thus, the bone may serve as a surrogate to estimate brain deposition if brain Gd were to become a useful clinical or research marker.
Real-Time Gesture Recognition from Depth Data through Key Poses Learning and Decision Forests (2012)

Human gesture recognition is a challenging task with many applications. The popularization of real time depth sensors even diversifies potential applications to end-user natural user interface (NUI). The quality of such NUI highly depends on the robustness and execution speed of the gesture recognition. This work introduces a method for real-time gesture recognition from a noisy skeleton stream, such as the ones extracted from Kinect depth sensors. Each pose is described using a tailored angular representation of the skeleton joints. Those descriptors serve to identify key poses through a multi-class classifier derived from Support Vector learning machines. The gesture is labeled on-the-fly from the key pose sequence through a decision forest, that naturally performs the gesture time warping and avoids the requirement for an initial or neutral pose. The proposed method runs in real time and shows robustness in several experiments.
Using machine learning techniques for advanced passive operating system fingerprinting (2010)

TCP/IP fingerprinting is the active or passive collection of information usually extracted from a remote computer’s network stack. The combi-nation of such information can be then used to infer the remote operating system (OS fingerprinting). OS fingerprinting is traditionally based on a database of “signatures”. A signature comprises several features (i.e., pairs attribute/value) extracted from network packets generated by a known op-erating system. Signatures are manually generated (and updated) by ob-serving several operating systems. There are two types of fingerprinting: active and passive. In this work, we focus on automating the generation and updating of the signatures for passive fingerprinting. By using classi-fication algorithms we deal with fingerprints which do not have an exact match with an already known signature. 1 Chapter 1
Neurosteroids: Deficient cognitive performance in aged rats depends on low pregnenolone sulfate levels in the hippocampus (1997)

Pregnenolone sulfate (PREG S) is synthesized in the nervous system and is a major neurosteroid in the rat brain. Its concentrations were measured in the hippocampus and other brain areas of single adult and aged (22-24 month-old) male Sprague-Dawley rats. Significantly lower levels were found in aged rats, although the values were widely scattered and reached, in about half the animals, the same range as those of young ones. The spatial memory performances of aged rats were investigated in two different spatial memory tasks, the Morris water maze and Y-maze. Performances in both tests were significantly correlated and, accompanied by appropriate controls, likely evaluated genuine memory function. Importantly, individual hippocampal PREG S and distance to reach the platform in the water maze were linked by a significant correlation, i.e., those rats with lower memory deficit had the highest PREG S levels, whereas no relationship was found with the PREG S content in other brain areas (amygdala, prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex, striatum). Moreover, the memory deficit of cognitively impaired aged rats was transiently corrected after either intraperitoneal or bilateral intrahippocampal injection of PREG S. PREG S is both a gamma-aminobutyric acid antagonist and a positive allosteric modulator at the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, and may reinforce neurotransmitter system(s) that decline with age. Indeed, intracerebroventricular injection of PREG S was shown to stimulate acetylcholine release in the adult rat hippocampus. In conclusion, it is proposed that the hippocampal content of PREG S plays a physiological role in preserving and/or enhancing cognitive abilities in old animals, possibly via an interaction with central cholinergic systems. Thus, neurosteroids should be further studied in the context of prevention and/or treatment of age-related memory disorders.
CO2 laser radiation absorption in SF6-air boundary layers (1973)

Abstract : Previous investigators have shown that gaseous sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a strong absorber of radiation at 10.6 micrometers. This wavelength also corresponds to the output from common CO2 lasers. New experimental and theoretical results are presented for the 10.6 micrometers absorption coefficient and saturation properties of SF6-air mixtures at conditions near standard sea level. Variations with pressure, wavelength and temperature are measured. Results for 10 percent SF6-90 percent air at 1 atm show that such mixtures are stron absorbers of CO2 laser radiation, and that saturation intensities are larger than 10,000 watts/sq cm. Measurements of CO2 laser radiation absorption within boundary layers with SF6 injection are made on the sidewall of a small subsonic wind tunnel. The beam intensity is attenuated by several orders of magnitude due to absorption by the SF6. (Author)
Ökologische und soziale Stadterneuerung aus der Sicht von Frauen (1993)

Ich werde im folgenden Gestaltungsmöglichkeiten von Stadterneuerung vorstellen, die Frauen sich in selbstorganisierten Projekten geschaffen haben. Dabei ist neben den Aspekten Baukultur, Wohnkultur und Ökologie auch Planungskultur Thema. Selbstorganisierte Projekte greifen in den Planungsprozeß ein, sie überlassen es nicht länger den bekannten Akteuren — Eigentümern, Investoren, Bauträgern, Architekten, Verwaltungen — räumliche Strukturen zu verändern.
Optical Resolution of Chiral Buckybowls by Chiral HPLC (2010)

Abstract Optical resolution of chiral buckybowls, C3 symmetric trimethylsumanene derivatives, was achieved by chiral HPLC. Enantiomeric excess (ee) of enatioselectively prepared trimethyltris(trimethylsilyl)sumanene was determined by the chiral HPLC analysis. The enantiomers of racemic trimethylsumanenetrione were separated, and the bowl inversion energy barrier was determined by the CD spectra.
Metal vapour synthesis of complexes of methylphenylsiloxane polymers (1977)

C. G. Francis and P. L. Timms, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1977, 466 DOI: 10.1039/C39770000466
Propofol in the treatment of moderate and severe head injury: a randomized, prospective double-blinded pilot trial (1999)

Despite a higher incidence of poor prognostic indicators in the propofol group, ICP therapy was less intensive, ICP was lower on therapy Day 3, and long-term outcome was similar to that of the morphine group. These results suggest that a propofol-based sedation and an ICP control regimen is a safe, acceptable, and, possibly, desirable alternative to an opiate-based sedation regimen in intubated head-injured patients.
Survey on Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks: A Cyber Physical System Perspective (2019)

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) networks are playing an important role in various areas due to their agility and versatility, which have attracted significant attentions from both the academia and industry in recent years. As an integration of embedded systems with communication devices, computation capabilities and control modules, the UAV network could build a closed loop from data perceiving, information exchanging, decision making to the final execution, which tightly integrates cyber processes into physical devices. Therefore, the UAV network could be considered as a cyber physical system (CPS). Revealing coupling effects among the three interacted CPS components, i.e., communication, computation and control, is envisioned as the key to properly utilize all available resources and hence improve the performance of the UAV network. In this paper, we present a comprehensive survey on UAV networks from a CPS perspective. Firstly, we review the basics and advances of the three CPS components in UAV networks. Then we look inside to investigate how these components contribute to the system performance by classifying UAV networks into three hierarchies, i.e., cell level, system level, and system of system level. Furthermore, the coupling effects among these CPS components are explicitly illustrated, which could be enlightening to deal with the challenges in each individual aspect. New research directions and open issues are discussed at the end of this survey. With this intensive literature review, we intend to provide a novel insight into the state of the art in UAV networks.
THE ACTION OF A SPECIFIC ENZYME UPON THE DERMAL INFECTION OF RABBITS WITH TYPE III PNEUMOCOCCUS (1932)

The action of the enzyme which specifically decomposes the capsular polysaccharide of Type III Pneumococcus has been tested in Type III pneumococcus dermal infections in rabbits. When injected in sufficient amounts, this enzyme is capable of bringing about a favorable and early termination of the experimental disease which ordinarily is fatal in nearly all instances. The results of the present study yield further evidence that the capsular substance is of great importance in pneumococcus infection, since, in so far as known, the only action of which the specific enzyme is capable is that of decomposing the capsular polysaccharide.
Anaerobic treatment of potato processing wastewater (1999)

This paper deals with the anaerobic treatment of wastewater from the potato processing industry. It is shown that treatment of this type of wastewater in UASB reactors has successfully been applied at many companies. Apart from the Biothane® UASB technology a new anaerobic technology is presented: the Biobed® EGSB technology. Presented is the first application of this technology in the potato processing industry and also a comparison is made between this technology and the Biothane® UASB technology.
Design of Composite Laminates Containing Pin Loaded Holes (1984)

Methods are presented for sizing composite laminates containing one, two, or several pin loaded holes, the holes being arranged either in a single row or in two parallel rows. It is shown how the design parameters (number of holes, hole diameter, hole positions) can be found, which result in the maximum failure load and in the max imum failure load per unit weight.
Three-Dimensional $\hbox{4F}^{2}$ ReRAM With Vertical BJT Driver by CMOS Logic Compatible Process (2011)

A new 3-D vertical bipolar junction transistor (BJT) resistive-switching memory (ReRAM) cell with complimentary metal-oxide-semiconductor-compatible process has been demonstrated and characterized. A new logic-compatible BJT is vertically formed underneath the resistive stacked film of TiN/Ti/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> /TiN as a high-performance current driver and bit-cell selector. Using a shallow and tiny N-type lightly doped drain to be an emitter connects with ReRAM film as the bitline, a very thin and self-aligned P-pocket implant layer to be the wordline, and the N-well is the collector of the cells. As a result, the new 3-D ReRAM cell is very area saving and efficiently operated by the high-gain (β >; 50) BJT at a low voltage of 2 V for reset and 1.5 V for set. By adapting the highly shrinkable 3-D BJT current driver in ReRAM, the ReRAM is fully decoupled with the gate length and oxide thickness of logic metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors; furthermore, it can easily be scaled down to 4F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> under the lithographic limitation of defining ReRAM film with F <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> area.
Availability-Consistency Trade-Offs in a Fault-Tolerant Stream Processing System (2004)

This paper presents an approach to fault-tolerant stream processing. In contrast to previous techniques that handle node failures, our approach also tolerates network failures and network partitions. The approach is based on a principled trade-off between consistency and availability in the face of failure, that (1) ensures that all data on an input stream is processed within a specified time threshold, but (2) reduces the impact of failures by limiting if possible the number of results produced based on partially available input data, and (3) corrects these results when failures heal. Our approach is well-suited for applications such as environment monitoring, where high availability and “real-time” response is preferable to perfect answers. Our approach uses replication and guarantees that all processing replicas achieve state consistency, both in the absence of failures and after a failure heals. We achieve consistency in the former case by defining a data-serializing operator that ensures that the order of tuples to a downstream operator is the same at all the replicas. To achieve consistency after a failure heals, we develop approaches based on checkpoint/redo and undo/redo techniques. We have implemented these schemes in a prototype distributed stream processing system, and present experimental results that show that the system meets the desired availability-consistency trade-offs. 1.
Hydrophobic Mismatch and the Incorporation of Peptides into Lipid Bilayers:  A Possible Mechanism for Retention in the Golgi (1998)

Preferential interaction of trans-membrane alpha-helices whose hydrophobic length matches the hydrophobic thickness of the lipid bilayer could be a mechanism of retention in the Golgi apparatus. We have used fluorescence methods to study the interaction of peptides Ac-K2-G-Lm-W-Ln-K2-A-amide (Pm+n) with bilayers of phosphatidylcholines with chain lengths between C14 and C24. The peptide P22 (m = 10, n = 12) incorporates into all bilayers, but P16 (m = 7, n = 9) does not incorporate into bilayers when the fatty acyl chain length is C24 and only partly incorporates into bilayers where the chain length is C22. The strongest binding is seen when the hydrophobic length of the peptide matches the calculated hydrophobic thickness of the bilayer. It is suggested that a too-thin bilayer can match to a too-long peptide both by stretching of the lipid and by tilting of the peptide. However, a too-thick bilayer can only match a too-thin peptide by compression of the lipid, which becomes energetically unfavorable when the difference between the bilayer thickness and the peptide length exceeds about 10 A. The presence of cholesterol in the bilayer leads to a marked reduction in the incorporation of P16 into bilayers where the chain length is C18. Hydrophobic mismatch could explain retention of proteins with short trans-membrane alpha-helical domains in the Golgi, the effect following largely from the low concentration of cholesterol in the Golgi membrane compared to that in the plasma membrane.