gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cytokines and Their Role in the Pathophysiology of Cancer Cachexia (1992)

Cancer cachexia describes a syndrome that consists of weight loss, and abnormalities in carbohydrate, protein, and lipid metabolism, which result in a state of persistent net negative energy balance. Patients suffering from cancer cachexia have a significantly shortened survival after cancer treatment. Recent experimental studies have focused on the belief that the mechanisms of cancer cachexia involve the host's production of inflammatory cytokines, which through broad physiologic actions ultimately lead to a chronic state of wasting, malnourishment, and death. Cytokines that have been thought to play a role in the pathophysiology of cachexia include tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interferon-gamma and differentiation factor. It has become clear that these cytokines have overlapping physiologic activities, which makes it likely that no single substance is the sole cause of cachexia in most cancer patients. Only further investigation may make it possible to more clearly define the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of cancer cachexia. Specific strategies to reverse the cachectic effects of these substances may then be developed to ultimately improve cancer treatment.
Robust FFT-Based Scale-Invariant Image Registration with Image Gradients (2010)

We present a robust FFT-based approach to scale-invariant image registration. Our method relies on FFT-based correlation twice: once in the log-polar Fourier domain to estimate the scaling and rotation and once in the spatial domain to recover the residual translation. Previous methods based on the same principles are not robust. To equip our scheme with robustness and accuracy, we introduce modifications which tailor the method to the nature of images. First, we derive efficient log-polar Fourier representations by replacing image functions with complex gray-level edge maps. We show that this representation both captures the structure of salient image features and circumvents problems related to the low-pass nature of images, interpolation errors, border effects, and aliasing. Second, to recover the unknown parameters, we introduce the normalized gradient correlation. We show that, using image gradients to perform correlation, the errors induced by outliers are mapped to a uniform distribution for which our normalized gradient correlation features robust performance. Exhaustive experimentation with real images showed that, unlike any other Fourier-based correlation techniques, the proposed method was able to estimate translations, arbitrary rotations, and scale factors up to 6.
Femoral prosthesis implantation induces changes in bone stress that depend on the extent of porous coating (1994)

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of implantation of porous-coated anatomic medullary fitting prostheses on stress in the proximal femur. Three-dimensional finite element models of a cadaveric femur before and after implantation were used to evaluate the resulting changes in stress in the bone. Models of the femur were generated automatically from computed tomographic scan data with use of an innovative mesh-generation technique. The models were analyzed for three levels of porous coating (proximal, 5/8, and full), with the assumption of ideal ingrowth (perfect bonding) over porous areas and a frictionless, tension-free surface on smooth areas. All models were loaded and restrained to represent conditions of normal gait. The stresses predicted in the implanted femur are consistent with clinical observations of proximal cortical atrophy (normal stress reduced to 6-9% of normal at the calcar and 50-55% at mid-prosthesis) and of hypertrophy at the porous coating junctions (normal stress at the 5/8-coating junction, 123% of stress proximal to the junction) and hypertrophy near the distal tip of the prosthesis (anterior and posterior normal stresses 200-800% of normal). The fully coated prosthesis induced stresses in the bone near the tip of the prosthesis that were most like stresses in the normal femur (medial and lateral normal stress 105 and 102% of the stress in the normal femur). Below the collar, the normal stress associated with the proximally coated prosthesis was 6% greater than that produced with the other two levels of coating but still was only 2% of normal. The 5/8-coated prosthesis appeared to combine the worst features of the fully coated and proximally coated prostheses--greater stress-shielding at the calcar and higher stress near the tip of the prosthesis.
The Holy See's Diplomacy: An Analysis of Papal Mediation in the Middle East (2016)

This Article will begin with an introduction of the literature on international mediation to provide an overview of the characteristics unique to international disputes and to illustrate the attributes of the parties that make international mediation a distinct paradigm of dispute resolution. The second Part will then complicate the international mediation literature by introducing the international relations theory with respect to conflict resolution. The theory provides a predictive framework of different mediation approaches and sources of legitimacy for non-state actors. The second Part will also apply the theory with respect to the Holy See to illustrate its international legal personality and States’ receptiveness of this attribute. The final Part will apply both the mediation literature and the international relations theory to various conflicts the Holy See mediated in order to distinguish the Holy See’s sources of legitimacy when mediating conflicts strictly between Catholic nations from conflicts involving non-Catholic nations and/or entities.
EFFECTS OF THE ANTIULCER DRUG GERANYLGERANYLACETONE ON ASPIRIN-INDUCED GASTRIC ULCERS IN RATS (1982)

Antiulcer effects of geranylgeranylacetone (GGA) on aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats were studied, comparing them with those of gefarnate. The oral administration of GGA prevented the development of gastric ulcer induced by a single or repeated oral administration (5 consecutive days.) of aspirin. The effects of GGA were more potent and more definite than those of gefarnate. The intraduodenal administration of GGA, but not the intragastrical administration, also inhibited the ulceration induced by aspirin in pylorus-ligated rats, while the intraduodenal administration of gefarnate did not. GGA prevented the reduction of the H+ concentration and the increment of Na+ concentration in the gastric juice induced by aspirin. In addition, the decrease of hexosamine content in the gastric mucosa induced by aspirin was restored to a normal level by GGA, but not by gefarnate. From these results, it was concluded that the protective actions of GGA on aspirin-induced gastric ulcers might be due to its protection from the weakening of gastric mucosal resistances.
Genetics, phenotypes, mechanisms and treatments for Leber congenital amaurosis: a paradigm shift (2008)

Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) is a group of severe autosomal recessive retinal dystrophies defined by the onset of blindness at birth and absent electroretinographic signals. LCA is the most common cause of infant blindness in schools for the blind with approximately 200,000 humans affected worldwide. In total, 14 genes are associated with LCA and mutations in these retinal genes account for approximately 60% of patients. LCA genes encode proteins that participate in a wide variety of cycles, ranging from photoreceptor development to vitamin A cycling. Genetic heterogeneity and a variety of disease mechanisms provide for many genotype–phenotype correlations. Genetic studies suggest that Leber congenital amaurosis may be a developmental disorder and successful photoreceptor and visual rescue have been achieved in mice, dogs and recently man.
The Influence of Varying Dose and Repetitive Short Sessions of Extracorporeal Irradiation of the Blood on the Production of Lymphopenia (1965)

C. R. Sipe, A. D. Chanana, E. P. Cronkite, D. D. Joel, Hp. Schnappauf, The Influence of Varying Dose and Repetitive Short Sessions of Extracorporeal Irradiation of the Blood on the Production of Lymphopenia, Radiation Research, Vol. 25, No. 4 (Aug., 1965), pp. 684-694
Fertilizers boost yields of small grains, grasses and legumes (1949)

Corn is king in Iowa. But corn should not be grown continuously. It should be rotated with small grains, clover or alfalfa. Such a rotation insures a good nitrogen level in the soil, cuts down on erosion, and helps keep the soil in good tilth. These factors in turn result in higher corn yields. Too often we neglect or omit our small grains and seedings because they don’t give us the high cash return of corn. One way to make them more profitable is to increase their yields. You can give the yields a real boost with fertilizers.\nThere are two ways to use fertilizers on small grains and forages— the,right and the wrong. Among other things, the right way involves using the correct kind and amount of fertilizer, applying it effectively to the soil and at the best time. You must know how to do these things. They will determine the returns you will get from your fertilizer. To give you the best possible information on these points, the Iowa Agricultural Experiment Station has conducted several hundred experiments on the fields over the state during the past few years. It is the purpose of this bulletin to give you the information gathered from these experiments along with other pointers to help you in your fertilizer program.
Computation of the effective intensity of flashing lights (1956)

A mathematical analysis has been made of the effects on the effective intensity* I e , computed from the Blondel and Rey relation a + t 2 -ti produced by changes in the limits of the integral. The maximum value of I is obtained when the times t^and t 2 are the times when the instantaneous 6 intensity, I, is equal to I e# Methods which facilitate the computation of I , the checking of conformance to effective intensity specifications, and the computation of visual range of flashing lights are given. 1. ' . -.. . ' But and Idt > i e (t| - 1 1 ) 2 Idt > Ig (t. V (7) (8a) (8b) -h-% Substituting and combining terras we have I e (a + t^-tp > V (a + t -t) Therefore Case II. I > I* e e ( 9 )
TRIM5αrh expression restricts HIV-1 infection in lentiviral vector-transduced CD34+-cell-derived macrophages (2005)

Species-specific innate resistance against viral infections offers novel avenues for antiviral therapeutic and prophylactic approaches. The retroviral and lentiviral restriction factors Ref1 and Lv1 are variants of the tripartite motif protein TRIM5alpha, a component of cytoplasmic bodies. TRIM5alpha severely restricts productive retroviral infections at the postentry and preintegration steps by destabilizing the incoming viral capsid via ubiquitination. Using this approach, resistance to HIV-1 infection could be conferred by TRIM5alpha(rh) expression in otherwise susceptible cells. Here we show that stable expression of simian TRIM5alpha(rh) via a lentiviral vector in a permissive cell culture line, Magi-CXCR4, conferred resistance to HIV-1. To translate these findings into a stem cell gene therapy setting, the TRIM5alpha(rh) transgene was stably introduced into CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells to derive transgenic macrophages. Upon viral challenge, TRIM5alpha(rh)-expressing macrophages were highly resistant to HIV-1 infection compared to control cells. Human macrophages expressing TRIM5alpha(rh) were also found to be phenotypically and functionally normal, expressing the characteristic surface markers CD14, CD4, CCR5, CXCR4, MHC II, and B7.1. These results demonstrate that the species-specific restriction factor TRIM5alpha(rh) is effective in conferring HIV-1 resistance in a stem cell setting, thus paving the way for its application in AIDS gene therapy.
Stance Classification on PTT Comments (2015)

With the development of social media and online forums, users have grown accustomed to expressing their agreement and disagreement via short texts. Elements that reveal the user’s stance or subjectivity thus becomes an important resource in identifying the user’s position on a given topic. In the current study, we observe comments of an online bulletin board in Taiwan for how people express their stance when responding to other people’s post in Chinese. A lexicon is built based on linguistic analysis and annotation of the data. We performed binary classification task using these linguistic features and was able to reach an average of 71 percent accuracy. A linguistic analysis on the confusion caused in the classification task is done for future work on better accuracy for such task. 1
A System for Reporting Quantitative Antimicrobic Susceptibility Test Results (1979)

A reporting system for the laboratory to communicate quantitative antimicrobic susceptibility test results to the physician in a manner that will optimize proper utilization of such test results is described. Minimal inhibitory concentrations are reported on a scale of clinically achievable concentrations, thus indicating the degree of susceptibility.
The t(11;16)(q23;p13) Translocation in Myelodysplastic Syndrome Fuses the MLL Gene to the CBP Gene (1997)

The recurrent translocation t(11;16)(q23;p13) has been reported to be associated with therapy-related acute leukemia. The MLL gene involved in other 11q23 abnormalities was also rearranged by this translocation. We analyzed two patients with myelodysplastic syndrome with t(11;16) and showed that the MLL gene on 11q23 was fused with CREB-binding protein (CBP) gene on 16p13 in these patients. The CBP gene encodes a transcriptional adaptor/coactivator protein and it is mutated in patients with Rubinstein-Taybi syndrome. The CBP gene is also involved in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with t(8;16)(p11;p13). In-frame MLL-CBP fusion transcripts combine the MLL AT-hook motifs and DNA methyltransferase homology region with a largely intact CBP. Our results combined with the finding of the MOZ-CBP fusion in t(8;16)-AML suggest that the CBP gene may be associated with leukemogenesis through translocations.
Application of the Cubic-Plus-Association Equation of State to Mixtures with Polar Chemicals and High Pressures (2006)

The cubic-plus-association (CPA) equation of state has been previously applied to vapor−liquid, liquid−liquid, and solid−liquid equilibria of mixtures containing associating compounds (water, alcohols, glycols, acids, amines). Although some high-pressure applications have been presented, emphasis was given to low pressures and liquid−liquid equilibria. In this work, CPA is applied to two classes of mixtures containing polar chemicals for which high-pressure data are available: acetone-containing systems and dimethyl ether mixtures. They are of both scientific and industrial importance. Moreover, CPA is applied to high-pressure solid−liquid equilibria (SLE) for alcohol−alkane mixtures. In the case of acetone−hydrocarbon mixtures, satisfactory results are achieved if acetone is allowed to self-associate. Satisfactory high-pressure acetone−water vapor−liquid equilibrium (VLE) is obtained, comparable to conventional models such as MHV2. Very good results are also obtained for multicomponent vapor−liquid−liquid equilibria for mixtures containing gases, water, and dimethyl ether. Finally, it is shown that high-pressure SLE can be predicted based on interaction parameters obtained from low-pressure SLE data.
Heritable diseases of the skeleton. Part II: Molecular insights into skeletal development‐matrix components and their homeostasis (1997)

A range of osteochondrodysplasias is caused by mutations in components of the extracellular matrix in cartilage and bone and in molecules that are important for posttranslational processing of such components. Mutations in the genes encoding the two polypeptide subunits of collagen I cause defects in the structure of bone matrix while mutations in genes encoding cartilage-specific collagens are responsible for several chondrodysplasias. Abnormalities in cartilage structure and function can also be due to mutations in structural noncollagenous components such as aggrecan and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein. Finally, several cartilage and bone disorders are due to abnormalities in sulfate transport and regulation of bone matrix homeostasis.
Cost-benefit estimates for early intensive behavioral intervention for young children with autism—general model and single state case (1998)

Clinical research and public policy reviews that have emerged in the past several years now make it possible to estimate the cost–benefits of early intervention for infants, toddlers, and preschoolers with autism or pervasive development disorder—not otherwise specified (PDD—NOS). Research indicates that with early, intensive intervention based on the principles of applied behavior analysis, substantial numbers of children with autism or PDD—NOS can attain intellectual, academic, communication, social, and daily living skills within the normal range. Representative costs from Pennsylvania, including costs for educational and adult developmental disability services, are applied in a cost–benefit model, assuming average participation in early intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for three years between the age of 2 years and school entry. The model applied assumes a range of EIBI effects, with some children ultimately participating in regular education without supports, some in special education, and some in intensive special education. At varying rates of effectiveness and in constant dollars, this model estimates that cost savings range from $187,000 to $203,000 per child for ages 3–22 years, and from $656,000 to $1,082,000 per child for ages 3–55 years. Differences in initial costs of $33,000 and $50,000 per year for EIBI have a modest impact on cost–benefit balance, but are greatly outweighed by estimated savings. The analysis indicates that significant cost-aversion or cost-avoidance may be possible with EIBI. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Bcl-2 Family Inhibitor ABT-263 Shows Significant but Reversible Thrombocytopenia in Mice. (2006)

Abstract ABT-263 is an orally bioavailable small molecule inhibitor of Bcl-2 family proteins with a Ki of ≤ 1 nM against Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and Bcl-w. Potent cytotoxic effects have been demonstrated against small cell lung carcinomas and lymphomas (EC50 of less than 500 nM in vitro against numerous cell lines). Tumor growth stasis and regression in xenograft models confirmed this activity. However, a unique thrombocytopenia has been observed in mice, rats, and dogs. Using a mouse model to characterize the extent and duration of decreased circulating platelets, outbred CF-1 or inbred scid-bg mice were treated with increasing doses of ABT-263. Blood samples were collected at various times post dosing and platelet numbers were determined using automated hematology analysis. The results showed a rapid, dose-dependent reduction in circulating platelet counts with a platelet nadir (>80% reduction relative to baseline) occurring approximately 6 hours after a single 100 mg/kg oral dose of ABT-263. Platelet counts returned to normal levels by 72 hrs post-dose. Analysis of bleeding times using a tail-nick method demonstrated a correlation between reduced platelet count and increased bleeding time. At doses of 50 mg/kg and higher, bleed times were increased by more than 5-fold relative to vehicle controls. In multi-dose studies, platelet levels did not continue to decline relative to the first dose of ABT-263. Mice treated with ABT-263 at 100 mg/kg/day for as long as 21 days exhibited no overt signs of toxicity (bleeding, significant weight loss, etc). Because the spleen is a potential site for clearing of damaged or aggregated platelets, a study using splenectomized mice was also conducted. The kinetics of platelet reduction and recovery were similar in splenectomized vs. intact mice with no additional adverse events noted. Evaluations of plasma drug levels associated with preclinical anti-tumor efficacy vs. thrombocytopenic effects indicate that a reasonable therapeutic window exists for ABT-263.
USAGI IPv6 IPsec development for Linux (2004)

USAGI project was founded to improve and develop Linux IPv6 stack. We also developed (IPv6) IPsec stack for Linux kernel 2.4 and 2.6 series. We present our (IPv6) IPsec implementation (PE KEY, IPsec security association, security policy, output processing, and input processing) for both 2.4 and 2.6.
Laccase immobilization on enzymatically functionalized polyamide 6,6 fibres (2007)

Polyamide matrices, such as membranes, gels and non-wovens, have been applied as supports for enzyme immobilization, although in literature the enzyme immobilization on woven nylon matrices is rarely reported. In this work, a protocol for a Trametes hirsuta laccase immobilization using woven polyamide 6,6 (nylon) was developed. A 24 full factorial design was used to study the influence of pH, spacer (1,6-hexanediamine), enzyme and crosslinker concentration on the efficiency of immobilization. The factors enzyme dosage and spacer seem to have played a critical role in the immobilization of laccase onto nylon support. Under optimized working conditions (29 U mL−1 of laccase, 10% of glutaraldehyde, pH = 5.5, with the presence of the spacer), the half-life time attained was about 78 h (18% higher than that of free enzyme), the protein retention was 30% and the immobilization yield was 2%. The immobilized laccase has potential for application in the continuous decolourization of textile effluents, where it can be applied into a membrane reactor.
Refractive-index changes in optical fibers sensitized with molecular hydrogen (1994)

It has been demonstrated that large UV-induced refractive-index changes can be achieved in GeO2-doped optical fibers that have been sensitized by high-pressure H2 loading.1,2 It is also possible to achieve significant index changes in hydrogen-loaded fibers that are rapidly heated. We compare the index changes that can be achieved thermally or photolytically in both GeO2-doped and non-GeO2-doped fibers.
Oxipor VHC lotion versus Tegrin in the treatment of psoriasis. (1982)

A double-blind, multiclinic, parallel, controlled study was conducted to compare the efficacy of two coal tar over-the-counter products, Oxipor VHC lotion and Tegrin lotion. The pooled analysis showed that both left and right sides of the body were comparable with respect to the initial severity of all clinical parameters including scaling, erythema, pruritus, crusting, and lesion elevations. Both test medications improved clinical symptoms significantly, but Oxipor VHC lotion was superior to Tegrin lotion in all clinical variables with the exception of crusting. Oxipor VHC was also significantly superior to Tegrin in terms of physicians' and patients' overall assessments.
Evaluation of MFCC estimation techniques for music similarity (2006)

Spectral envelope parameters in the form of mel-frequency cepstral coefficients are often used for capturing timbral in-formation of music signals in connection with genre classifi-cation applications. In this paper, we evaluate mel-frequency cepstral coefficient (MFCC) estimation techniques, namely the classical FFT and linear prediction based implemen-tations and an implementation based on the more recent MVDR spectral estimator. The performance of these meth-ods are evaluated in genre classification using a probabilis-tic classifier based on Gaussian Mixture models. MFCCs based on fixed order, signal independent linear prediction and MVDR spectral estimators did not exhibit any statisti-cally significant improvement over MFCCs based on the sim-pler FFT. 1.