gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distribution of a putative cell surface receptor for fibronectin and laminin in the avian embryo. (1986)

The cell substratum attachment (CSAT) antibody recognizes a 140-kD cell surface receptor complex involved in adhesion to fibronectin (FN) and laminin (LM) (Horwitz, A., K. Duggan, R. Greggs, C. Decker, and C. Buck, 1985, J. Cell Biol., 101:2134-2144). Here, we describe the distribution of the CSAT antigen along with FN and LM in the early avian embryo. At the light microscopic level, the staining patterns for the CSAT receptor and the extracellular matrix molecules to which it binds were largely codistributed. The CSAT antigen was observed on numerous tissues during gastrulation, neurulation, and neural crest migration: for example, the surface of neural crest cells and the basal surface of epithelial tissues such as the ectoderm, neural tube, notochord, and dermomyotome. FN and LM immunoreactivity was observed in the basement membranes surrounding many of these epithelial tissues, as well as around the otic and optic vesicles. In addition, the pathways followed by cranial neural crest cells were lined with FN and LM. In the trunk region, FN and LM were observed surrounding a subpopulation of neural crest cells. However, neither molecule exhibited the selective distribution pattern necessary for a guiding role in trunk neural crest migration. The levels of CSAT, FN, and LM are dynamic in the embryo, perhaps reflecting that the balance of surface-substratum adhesions contributes to initiation, migration, and localization of some neural crest cell populations.
A Survey of High Performance Concrete Developments in Civil Engineering Field (2013)

High Performance concrete (HPC) has received increased attention in the development of infrastructure Viz., Buildings, Industrial Structures, Hydraulic Structures, Bridges and Highways etc. leading to utilization of large quantity of concrete. This paper presents a comprehensive coverage of High Performance concrete developments in civil engineering field. It highlights the High Performance concrete features and requirements over conventional concrete. Furthermore, recent trends with regard to High Performance Concrete development in this area are explored. This paper also includes effect of Mineral and Chemical Admixtures used to improve performance of concrete.
Estradiol-regulated microRNAs control estradiol response in breast cancer cells (2009)

Estradiol (E2) regulates gene expression at the transcriptional level by functioning as a ligand for estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) and estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta). E2-inducible proteins c-Myc and E2Fs are required for optimal ERalpha activity and secondary estrogen responses, respectively. We show that E2 induces 21 microRNAs and represses seven microRNAs in MCF-7 breast cancer cells; these microRNAs have the potential to control 420 E2-regulated and 757 non-E2-regulated mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level. The serine/threonine kinase, AKT, alters E2-regulated expression of microRNAs. E2 induced the expression of eight Let-7 family members, miR-98 and miR-21 microRNAs; these microRNAs reduced the levels of c-Myc and E2F2 proteins. Dicer, a ribonuclease III enzyme required for microRNA processing, is also an E2-inducible gene. Several E2-regulated microRNA genes are associated with ERalpha-binding sites or located in the intragenic region of estrogen-regulated genes. We propose that the clinical course of ERalpha-positive breast cancers is dependent on the balance between E2-regulated tumor-suppressor microRNAs and oncogenic microRNAs. Additionally, our studies reveal a negative-regulatory loop controlling E2 response through microRNAs as well as differences in E2-induced transcriptome and proteome.
Characterization of gadolinium and lanthanum oxide films on Si (100) (2002)

High-resolution transmission electron microscopy, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy, were used to study gadolinium and lanthanum oxide films deposited on Si (100) substrates using electron-beam evaporation from pressed-powder targets. As-deposited films consist of a crystalline oxide layer and an amorphous interfacial layer. A complicated distinct multilayer structure consisting of oxide layers, silicate layers, and SiO2-rich layers in thick (∼30 nm) annealed films has been observed for both gadolinium and lanthanum films. For thinner annealed films (∼8 nm), there is no longer a crystalline oxide layer but an amorphous gadolinium or lanthanum silicate layer and an interfacial SiO2-rich layer. The formation of the lanthanum silicate by annealing lanthanum oxide is found to be thermodynamically more favorable than the formation of gadolinium silicate.
Profile-guided post-link stride prefetching (2002)

Data prefetching is an effective approach to addressing the memory latency problem. While a few processors have implemented hardware-based data prefetching, the majority of modern processors support data-prefetch instructions and rely on compilers to automatically insert prefetches. However, most prefetching schemes in commercial compilers suffer from two limitations: (1) the source code must be available before prefetching can be applied, and (2) these prefetching schemes target only loops with statically-known strided accesses. In this study, we broaden the scope of software-controlled prefetching by addressing the above two limitations. We use profiling to discover strided accesses that frequently occur during program execution but are not determinable by the compiler. We then use the strides discovered to insert prefetches into the executable directly, without the need for re-compilation. Performance evaluation was done on an Alpha 21264-based system with a 64KB data cache and an 8MB secondary cache. We find that even with such large caches, our technique offers speedups ranging from 3% to 56% in 11 out of the 26 SPEC2000 benchmarks. Our technique has been incorporated into Pixie and Spike, two products in Compaq's Tru64 Unix.
Use of a 2,5-Dihydroxybenzoic Acid/Aniline MALDI Matrix for Improved Detection and On-Target Derivatization of Glycans:  A Preliminary Report (2006)

N-Linked glycans derived from human and bovine alpha1-acid glycoprotein, as well as chicken egg white albumin, were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry using a novel MALDI matrix consisting of 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (DHB) and aniline. A significant increase in signal was observed for these oligosaccharides relative to the signal obtained when unmodified DHB was used as a matrix for the same set of samples. The use of aniline/DHB matrix also led to facile on-target derivatization of the glycans via nonreductive amination, as aniline was found to form a stable Schiff base with the reducing end GlcNAc residue without the need for prolonged incubation periods and elevated temperatures. Both native and derivatized glycans ionized as sodium adducts and had similar MS/MS fragmentation patterns consisting mainly of Y/B-cleavage ions. In our experiments, we obtained evidence for persistence of the derivatization reaction in the solid phase; i.e., the reaction appeared to be taking place even after the sample-matrix spot had dried. This is the first report on such solid-phase on-target derivatization of carbohydrates for subsequent analysis by MALDI mass spectrometry.
Salient object detection for searched web images via global saliency (2012)

In this paper, we deal with the problem of detecting the existence and the location of salient objects for thumbnail images on which most search engines usually perform visual analysis in order to handle web-scale images. Different from previous techniques, such as sliding window-based or segmentation-based schemes for detecting salient objects, we propose to use a learning approach, random forest in our solution. Our algorithm exploits global features from multiple saliency indicators to directly predict the existence and the position of the salient object. To validate our algorithm, we constructed a large image database collected from Bing image search, that contains hundreds of thousands of manually labeled web images. The experimental results using this new database and the resized MSRA database [16] demonstrate that our algorithm outperforms previous state-of-the-art methods.
Tracking articulated body by dynamic Markov network (2003)

A new method for visual tracking of articulated objects is presented. Analyzing articulated motion is challenging because the dimensionality increase potentially demands tremendous increase of computation. To ease this problem, we propose an approach that analyzes subparts locally while reinforcing the structural constraints at the mean time. The computational model of the proposed approach is based on a dynamic Markov network, a generative model which characterizes the dynamics and the image observations of each individual subpart as well as the motion constraints among different subparts. Probabilistic variational analysis of the model reveals a mean field approximation to the posterior densities of each subparts given visual evidence, and provides a computationally efficient way for such a difficult Bayesian inference problem. In addition, we design mean field Monte Carlo (MFMC) algorithms, in which a set of low dimensional particle filters interact with each other and solve the high dimensional problem collaboratively. Extensive experiments on tracking human body parts demonstrate the effectiveness, significance and computational efficiency of the proposed method.
Curcumin inhibits the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway and triggers apoptosis in medulloblastoma cells (2009)

Medulloblastoma is an aggressive primary brain tumor that arises in the cerebellum of children and young adults. The Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling pathway that plays important roles in the pathology of this aggressive disease is a promising therapeutic target. In the present report we have shown that curcumin has cytotoxic effects on medulloblastoma cells. Curcumin suppressed also cell proliferation and triggered cell-cycle arrest at G(2)/M phase. Moreover, curcumin inhibited the Shh-Gli1 signaling pathway by downregulating the Shh protein and its most important downstream targets GLI1 and PTCH1. Furthermore, curcumin reduced the levels of beta-catenin, the activate/phosphorylated form of Akt and NF-kappaB, which led to downregulating the three common key effectors, namely C-myc, N-myc, and Cyclin D1. Consequently, apoptosis was triggered by curcumin through the mitochondrial pathway via downregulation of Bcl-2, a downstream anti-apoptotic effector of the Shh signaling. Importantly, the resistant cells that exhibited no decrease in the levels of Shh and Bcl-2, were sensitized to curcumin by the addition of the Shh antagonist, cyclopamine. Furthermore, we have shown that curcumin enhances the killing efficiency of nontoxic doses of cisplatin and gamma-rays. In addition, we present clear evidence that piperine, an enhancer of curcumin bioavailability in humans, potentiates the apoptotic effect of curcumin against medulloblastoma cells. This effect was mediated through strong downregulation of Bcl-2. These results indicate that curcumin, a natural nontoxic compound, represents great promise as Shh-targeted therapy for medulloblastomas.
Very high performance LWIR and VLWIR Type-II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodiodes with M-structure barrier (2008)

LWIR and VLWIR type II InAs/GaSb superlattice photodetectors have for long time suffered from a high dark current level and a low dynamic resistance which hampers the its emergence to the infrared detection and imaging industry. However, with the use of M-structure superlattice, a new type II binary InAs/GaSb/AlSb superlattice design, as an effective blocking barrier, the dark current in type II superlattice diode has been significantly reduced. We have obtained comparable differential resistance product to the MCT technology at the cut-off wavelength of 10 and 14μm. Also, this new design is compatible with the optical optimization scheme, leading to high quantum efficiency, high special detectivity devices for photon detectors and focal plane arrays.
Zusammenfassung (1970)

Die gestellte Aufgabe bestand darin, die Wirtschaftlichkeit der Roheisenerzeugung mit Hochöfen durch Verbesserungen in der Verwertung von Gichtgas, Gichtstaub und anderen Hüttenstäuben zu erhöhen.
Quantitative elemental bio-imaging of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in 6-hydroxydopamine induced Parkinsonism mouse models (2008)

This study demonstrates the application of quantitative elemental bio-imaging for the determination of the distribution Cu, Mn, Fe and Zn in Parkinsonism mouse model brains. Elevated concentrations of these metals within the substantia nigra (SN) are suspected to play a role on the development of Parkinson's disease. Elemental bio-imaging employs laser ablation inductively coupled mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) to construct images of trace element distribution. Quantitative data was produced by ablating the standard tissue sections and recording the mean signal intensity calibrated against multi level matrix matched tissue standards. The concentrations of Fe within the substantia nigra of the lesioned animals increased significantly when compared against control animals. Furthermore, the data was compared against solution nebulisation ICP-MS in which the whole substantia nigra was excised. The trends were the same for both methods; however the elemental bio-imaging method returned significantly higher concentrations. This was caused by dilution from inclusion of surrounding tissue of the SN during the excision procedure.
New spectral methods for ratio cut partitioning and clustering (1992)

Partitioning of circuit netlists in VLSI design is considered. It is shown that the second smallest eigenvalue of a matrix derived from the netlist gives a provably good approximation of the optimal ratio cut partition cost. It is also demonstrated that fast Lanczos-type methods for the sparse symmetric eigenvalue problem are a robust basis for computing heuristic ratio cuts based on the eigenvector of this second eigenvalue. Effective clustering methods are an immediate by-product of the second eigenvector computation and are very successful on the difficult input classes proposed in the CAD literature. The intersection graph representation of the circuit netlist is considered, as a basis for partitioning, a heuristic based on spectral ratio cut partitioning of the netlist intersection graph is proposed. The partitioning heuristics were tested on industry benchmark suites, and the results were good in terms of both solution quality and runtime. Several types of algorithmic speedups and directions for future work are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Thermal-history dependent magnetoelastic transition in (MN, FE)<inf>2</inf>(P, SI) (2015)

(Mn, Fe) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (P, Si)-type compounds are, to date, the most promising materials for refrigeration and energy conversion applications due to the combination of highly tunable giant magnetocaloric effect (GMCE) and low material cost.[1, 2] The GMCE of these compounds originates from the first-order magnetoelastic transition around the magnetic phase-transition temperature T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> . However, the phase-transition temperature shows a peculiar thermal-history dependence in these compounds. As-prepared (Mn, Fe) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (P, Si) displays a significantly lower T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> upon first cooling than on second and subsequent cooling processes. Since this behavior is only observed in as-prepared samples it is called the “virgin effect”. The difference in T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C</sub> between the first and second cooling processes of the as-prepared sample, hereafter referred to as ΔT <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">C0</sub> , is taken as a measure of how strong the virgin effect is. The virgin effect is not exclusive to (Mn, Fe) <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> (P, Si) compounds being observed in other GMCE materials[3, 4], however its origin was for a long time unknown. In this study, we report our high-resolution neutron diffraction experiments that finally shed light on the origin of the virgin effect. Additionally, recovery of the virgin effect induced by thermal activation was observed experimentally.
Placebo analgesia: Psychological and neurobiological mechanisms (2013)

aNational Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine (NCCAM), National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) and Clinical Center, Department of Bioethics, National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA bOutpatient Clinic of Behavior Therapy, Department of Psychology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany cDepartment of Cognitive and Clinical Neuroscience, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany dNeuroImage Nord, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany *Corresponding author. Address: National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and the Clinical Center, Department of Bioethics, Building 10, Room 1C154, Bethesda, MD 20892-1156, USA. Tel.: +1 301 435 8715; fax: +1 301 496 0760. E-mail address:[email protected] Article history: Received 14 January 2013; Accepted 4 February 2013.
Biodegradation of pentachlorophenol by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1988)

Extensive biodegradation of pentachlorophenol (PCP) by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium was demonstrated by the disappearance and mineralization of [14C]PCP in nutrient nitrogen-limited culture. Mass balance analyses demonstrated the formation of water-soluble metabolites of [14C]PCP during degradation. Involvement of the lignin-degrading system of this fungus was suggested by the fact the time of onset, time course, and eventual decline in the rate of PCP mineralization were similar to those observed for [14C]lignin degradation. Also, a purified ligninase was shown to be able to catalyze the initial oxidation of PCP. Although biodegradation of PCP was decreased in nutrient nitrogen-sufficient (i.e., nonligninolytic) cultures of P. chrysosporium, substantial biodegradation of PCP did occur, suggesting that in addition to the lignin-degrading system, another degradation system may also be responsible for some of the PCP degradation observed. Toxicity studies showed that PCP concentrations above 4 mg/liter (15 microM) prevented growth when fungal cultures were initiated by inoculation with spores. The lethal effects of PCP could, however, be circumvented by allowing the fungus to establish a mycelial mat before adding PCP. With this procedure, the fungus was able to grow and mineralize [14C]PCP at concentrations as high as 500 mg/liter (1.9 mM).
Miniature Optically Immersed Thermistor Bolometer Arrays (1967)

Immersed thermistor bolometers have been in use since 1958 as sensors for ir horizon scanners employed in attitude control of earth-orbiting vehicles.(1) These detectors usually use a single small thermistor flake optically immersed in an antireflection coated pure germanium or silicon hemisphere or hyperhemisphere.(2) Studies of the earth's atmospheric horizon from orbiting vehicles indicate that the most useful radiant power lies in the carbon dioxide spectrum near 15 micro and in the rotational water bands of atmospheric moisture in the spectrum beyond 20 micro.(3) These atmospheric constituents produce high ir optical density and hence provide small angle horizon resolution. Carbon dioxide has the additional advantage, by being uniformly distributed in the atmosphere, of providing a stable horizon. The purpose of this paper is to describe briefly two types of five-element linear arrays of thermistor flakes optically immersed in germanium and silicon lenses (Fig. 1). These detecrs were designed for an advanced horizon definition study program at NASA-Langley Research Center.(4) Germanium immersion is employed for best detectivity in the carbon dioxide spectrum from 14 micro to 16 micro and silicon for the spectrum beyond 20 micro.
C<sub>60</sub>‐Fullerene—A Playground for Chemical Manipulations on Curved Surfaces and in Cavities<sup>**</sup> (1992)

Fullerenes—Important Results in Brief could be the title for this highlight which concentrates on the rich and varied chemistry of C 60 . Numerous examples of the organometallic and organic chemistry of the intact C 60 framework as well as the endohedral metal and noble‐gas complexes of fullerenes are briefly discussed. It is quite apparent why the fullerenes are such a hot topic.
Convex Nanobending at a Moving Contact Line: The Missing Mesoscopic Link in Dynamic Wetting (2014)

The morphological information on the very front of a spreading liquid is fundamental to our understanding of dynamic wetting. Debate has lasted for years concerning the nanoscopic local angles and the transition from them to the macroscopic counterpart, θ(D). This study of nonvolatile liquids analyzes the interface profile near the advancing contact line using an advanced atomic force microscopy. The interface is found following the macroscopic profile until bending in a convex profile around 20 nm from the substrate. This shoe-tip-like feature is common in partially wetting while absent for completely wetting, and its curvature varies with advancing speed. The observation ends the long-standing debate about the nanoscopic contact angles and their speed dependency. The convex nanobending provides a mesoscopic link and effectively complicates the dynamic wetting behaviors.
A Wideband Power-Efficient Inductive Wireless Link for Implantable Microelectronic Devices Using Multiple Carriers (2006)

This paper presents a novel inductive link for wireless transmission of power and data to biomedical implantable microelectronic devices using multiple carrier frequencies. Achieving higher data bandwidth without compromising the power efficiency is the driving force to use two separate carriers. Two separate pairs of coils have been utilized for inductive power and forward data transmission. One major challenge, however, is to minimize the interference among these carriers especially on the implantable side, where size and power are highly limited. Planar power coils with spiral shape are optimized in geometry to provide maximum coupling coefficient, k. The data coils are designed rectangular in shape and wound across the power coils diameter to be oriented perpendicular to the power coil planes. The goal is to maximize data coils direct coupling, while minimize their cross-coupling with the power coils. The effects of coils geometry, relative distance, and misalignments on the coupling coefficients have been modeled and experimentally measured.