gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of the reductive flow injection amperometric determination of iodine at a glassy carbon electrode to the iodimetric determination of hypochlorite and hydrogen peroxide (1986)

Dissolved molecular oxygen is insignificantly reduced at a glassy carbon electrode that is being held at –0.2 V vs. SCE for the determination of iodine. The tendency for molecular oxygen to oxidise iodide to iodine in acidic solutions, however, is a serious problem in the development of flow injection amperometric methods based on the use of iodine reactions in which iodine is monitored at –0.2 V. In the work described here, iodine (l2), has been determined at concentrations above 6 × 10–6M in neutral, unsparged potassium iodide solution by injection through PTFE transmission tubing into a nitrogen-sparged 0.4% potassium iodide eluent in a flow injection system. By sparging the sample solution with nitrogen for 30 s before injection and shielding the PTFE transmission tubing with nitrogen, it was possible to determine iodine at concentrations above 1 × 10–7M, with no significant loss of iodine being caused by the sparging.A nitrogen-sparged eluent, consisting of 0.04% potassium iodide in 0.3% acetic acid solution, remains free of iodine for several hours when stored under nitrogen. Hypochlorite was determined directly on-line in the range 0.1 × 10–4–2.5 × 10–4M by injecting nitrogen-sparged sample solutions into this eluent. The reaction is fast and complete on-line. Hydrogen peroxide was determined on-line by injecting nitrogen-sparged sample solutions, 2.5 M in sulphuric acid, into a nitrogen-sparged 5% potassium iodide eluent. The reaction of hydrogen peroxide with iodide was incomplete on-line. Iodine formed in the molybdate-catalysed and the uncatalysed reactions of hydrogen peroxide with iodide off-line was determined by injection into a 1 M sulphuric acid eluent.
Assessment of a Rapid Antigen Detection System for <i>Trichomonas vaginalis</i> Infection (2003)

Trichomonas vaginalis is a common sexually transmitted pathogen found in 5 to 10% of women in the general population, with an incidence of more than 200 million cases worldwide ([1][1]). Current methods of diagnosis include direct visualization through microscopy, which is rapid but only 58 to 82%
The Regenerative Deflector for Synchro-cyclotrons (1951)

Tuck and Teng have proposed to extract the beam from a synchrocyclotron by modifying the normal magnetic field in such a way as to build up the amplitude of radial oscillations until protons can escape from the magnet In the present paper the method is studied analytically and formulae are derived which express the performance in terms of the magnetic field perturbations. these formulae have been evaluated numerically in sufficient detail to guide practical design.
Application of Catastrophic Adaptive Genetic Algorithm to Reactive Power Optimization of Power System (2010)

In order to avoid the premature convergence and improve convergence rate, a catastrophic adaptive genetic algorithm for reactive power optimization is discussed in detail. Before the germination of premature convergence, the cataclysm operator is adopted to update all individuals randomly except for the current optimum.When the change rate of average fitness is decreased to a critical condition; the cataclysm operator will be implemented. In reproduction operator, the method of retaining optimal individual is used to ensure the convergence and at the same time, the competition method is also adopted to keep the better dispersal of all individuals. In Mutation operator, the mutation probability P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> is improved based on adaptive genetic algorithm. When fitness of individuals in the population tends to be identical, P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> can be adjusted to make bigger. The algorithm has been applied to IEEE 30-bus testing system .The test shows that the cataclysm operator can improve the diversity of the populations and avoid the premature convergence in genetic algorithm.
Organic acidaemia and hyperammonaemia: Review (1981)

Recent clinical and experimental evidence on the effects of organic acids in producing or ameliorating hyperammonaemia is reviewed. The importance of hepatic mitochondrial N-acetylglutamate and its precursors, glutamate and acetyl-CoA, in the control of ureagenesis and thus blood ammonia levels is emphasized by recent work. The hypothesis is proposed that protein loads stimulated urea cycle activity via glutamate-induced changes in N-acetylglutamate concentration, while the effects of organic acids on ureagenesis are related in a predictable way to their effects on hepatic concentrations of acetyl-CoA.
Polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering microscopy (2001)

We report polarization coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (P-CARS) microscopy that allows vibrational imaging with high sensitivity and spectral selectivity. The nonresonant background signals from both Raman scatterers and the solvent are efficiently suppressed in P-CARS microscopy. We demonstrate P-CARS imaging of unstained cells based on the contrast of the protein amide I band.
Soybean after Soybean (2009)

A few people have called me this week regarding planting soybean after soybean. All cases were from southeast Iowa where many river bottoms were flooded for an extended period of time last year and growers were forced to plant soybean even though their plan was to plant corn. To get back into their field rotations this year soybean would need to be planted after soybean. Is that a problem?
The Crystal and Molecular Structure of Kinamycin C <i>p</i>‐Bromobenzoate (1972)

Abstract The molecular structure of kinamycin C has been determined by means of an X‐ray study of its p ‐bromobenzoate derivative, C 31 H 23 N 2 O 11 Br. The crystals are monoclinic, P2 1 , with four molecules of the derivative and four molecules of benzene in a unit cell of dimensions: a = 18.404 ± 0.005, b = 21.299 ± 0.004, c = 9.049 ± 0.001 Å, and β = 90.07 ± 0.03°. Reflection intensities were measured visually from equi‐inclination Weissenberg photographs taken with Cu Ka radiation. The structure was solved by the heavy‐atom method, and was refined by the block‐diagonal‐matrix least‐squares method using anisotropic temperature factors for all the atoms. The final R factor is 8.9%. The stereostructures of the two crystallographically independent molecules are almost identical. The skeleton of the molecule is made up of four fused rings: two of these form a 1,4‐naphthoquinone system and the rest are a pyrrole and a cyclohexene ring. A cyano group is bonded to the nitrogen atom of the pyrrole ring, which is rather unusual in an antibiotic.
Correlation of Limiting Currents under Free Convection Conditions (1953)

Limiting currents were measured for deposition of copper on plane vertical cathodes from unstirred solutions. Electrolyte composition ranged from 0.01 to 0.7 molal , 1.38 to 1.57 molal , and 0 to 6.38 molal glycerol. Cathode heights varied from 0.25 to 3.0 in. Limiting current densities were from 0.4 to 108 ma/cm2. A general correlation of the data may be represented by the equation: are the mass transfer Nusselt, Schmidt, and Grashof numbers, respectively. This result is in good agreement with that predicted from the boundary layer theory for mass transfer by free convection.
Enhanced contrast and depth resolution in polarization imaging using elliptically polarized light (2016)

Polarization gating is a popular and widely used technique in biomedical optics to sense superficial tissues (colinear detection), deeper volumes (crosslinear detection), and also selectively probe subsuperficial volumes (using elliptically polarized light). As opposed to the conventional linearly polarized illumination, we propose a new protocol of polarization gating that combines coelliptical and counter-elliptical measurements to selectively enhance the contrast of the images. This new method of eliminating multiple-scattered components from the images shows that it is possible to retrieve a greater signal and a better contrast for subsurface structures. In vivo experiments were performed on skin abnormalities of volunteers to confirm the results of the subtraction method and access subsurface information.
H<scp>OST</scp> V<scp>ARIATION FOR</scp> I<scp>NTERACTIONS WITH</scp> B<scp>ENEFICIAL</scp> P<scp>LANT</scp>-A<scp>SSOCIATED</scp> M<scp>ICROBES</scp> (1999)

Beneficial plant-associated microbes can profoundly influence plant health by suppressing disease, enhancing nutrient uptake, fixing atmospheric nitrogen, and promoting plant growth. Host variation, among cultivars or plant genotypes, for response to beneficial microorganisms suggests that plant genes play a role in supporting these interactions. Such host variation can be found among diverse groups of microorganisms including rhizobia, mycorrhizal fungi, and microbial biocontrol agents. Discrete variation among plant genotypes for interaction with beneficial microbes has led to the discovery of single genes that specify compatible interactions. Continuous variation for interaction phenotypes such as disease suppression, plant growth, or nutrient uptake have led to hypotheses, and in some cases genetic descriptions, of multigenic control of these interactions. Future research into the role of plant genes involved in hosting beneficial plant-associated microbes will provide greater insight into this relatively unexplored area of biology and should provide new tools to improve plant health in agriculture.
Ocular effects of a novel cytochrome P-450-dependent arachidonic acid metabolite. (1989)

Compound D is a novel arachidonic acid metabolite formed by a cytochrome P-450-dependent mono-oxygenase in bovine corneal epithelium. The structure of compound D was recently identified as 12-hydroxy-5,8,14-eicosatrienoic acid. In the current study, we described the biological properties and the ocular effects of this compound. Compound D is a potent vasodilator, and caused a dose-dependent relaxation of the rat tail artery preconstricted with phenylephrine with an EC50 of 1.5 microM, 4-5-fold more potent than acetylcholine. Topical application of as little as 10 ng of compound D onto the rabbit cornea produced a vasodilation of the conjunctival blood vessels. Intracameral injection of compound D (1-10 ng) caused a dose-dependent increase of up to 30-fold of the aqueous humor protein, indicating a breakdown of the blood-aqueous barrier. Compound D was also found to be a potent angiogenic factor, ie, it induced the appearance of new vessels in the cornea. The effects of 12-(R)-hydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (compound D) on the rabbit eye mimics the response of the eye to an inflammatory stimulus. We hypothesize, therefore, that ocular inflammation that occurs following injury to the cornea is mediated, at least in part, by the production of compound D by the corneal epithelium.
Introducing SDH systems in Europe (1991)

The plans of France, Germany, Italy, and the United Kingdom for introducing synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH) equipment into digital telecommunications networks are described. It is suggested that synchronous transmission techniques can be used to build a reliable, economical, and flexible system with integrated switching and transmission using a relatively simple equipment. After a period of standardization activities, the advent of SDH-based transmission products will carry significant benefits on the network performances in term of service flexibility, reconfigurations, protection, and management functions. The planned SDH equipment, application areas, and interworking with the existing plesiochronous telecommunications networks are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mushroom biology and mushroom products (1993)

This book provides an up-to-date account of current research trends and advances in mushroom biology and mushroom products, and highlights some of the problem areas which remain to be resolved.
Cortical Plasticity as a Mechanism for Storing Bayesian Priors in Sensory Perception (2010)

Human perception of ambiguous sensory signals is biased by prior experiences. It is not known how such prior information is encoded, retrieved and combined with sensory information by neurons. Previous authors have suggested dynamic encoding mechanisms for prior information, whereby top-down modulation of firing patterns on a trial-by-trial basis creates short-term representations of priors. Although such a mechanism may well account for perceptual bias arising in the short-term, it does not account for the often irreversible and robust changes in perception that result from long-term, developmental experience. Based on the finding that more frequently experienced stimuli gain greater representations in sensory cortices during development, we reasoned that prior information could be stored in the size of cortical sensory representations. For the case of auditory perception, we use a computational model to show that prior information about sound frequency distributions may be stored in the size of primary auditory cortex frequency representations, read-out by elevated baseline activity in all neurons and combined with sensory-evoked activity to generate a perception that conforms to Bayesian integration theory. Our results suggest an alternative neural mechanism for experience-induced long-term perceptual bias in the context of auditory perception. They make the testable prediction that the extent of such perceptual prior bias is modulated by both the degree of cortical reorganization and the magnitude of spontaneous activity in primary auditory cortex. Given that cortical over-representation of frequently experienced stimuli, as well as perceptual bias towards such stimuli is a common phenomenon across sensory modalities, our model may generalize to sensory perception, rather than being specific to auditory perception.
Variable carrier frequency mixed PWM technique based on current ripple prediction for reduced switching loss (2014)

Since carrier based pulse width modulation (PWM) has several advantages such as applicability for simple V/f control and equal distribution of stress among all switching devices, it is still widely used in the industrial drives. Switching loss can be reduced by varying the carrier frequency based on current prediction, in such a way that the current ripple always meets the exact requirements. There are two commonly used PWM methods, discontinuous PWM (DPWM) which clamps one of the phases and switches the other two and space vector PWM (SVPWM) which switches all the three during the switching period. Since the locus of the current ripple differs by applying different PWM methods, less switching loss can be obtained by selecting optimal PWM in each control period. A method using combination of DPWM and SVPWM with variable carrier frequency in order to achieve lower switching loss is proposed in this paper. It is shown in the presented simulation results that the proposed method has lower switching frequency compared with those of DPWM and SVPWM under certain modulation index.
Modulating protein activity using tethered ligands with mutually exclusive binding sites (2015)

The possibility to design proteins whose activities can be switched on and off by unrelated effector molecules would enable applications in various research areas, ranging from biosensing to synthetic biology. We describe here a general method to modulate the activity of a protein in response to the concentration of a specific effector. The approach is based on synthetic ligands that possess two mutually exclusive binding sites, one for the protein of interest and one for the effector. Tethering such a ligand to the protein of interest results in an intramolecular ligand-protein interaction that can be disrupted through the presence of the effector. Specifically, we introduce a luciferase controlled by another protein, a human carbonic anhydrase whose activity can be controlled by proteins or small molecules in vitro and on living cells, and novel fluorescent and bioluminescent biosensors.
Phase shift control for multi-phase parallel LLC voltage-fed inverter (2010)

A novel approach to regulate and control the inverter output power by controlling the phase shift between multi-inverters, and to enhance the inverter capacity by parallel connection multi-phase LLC voltage-fed inverters, is presented. The output power equation is given and a two-phase parallel LLC voltage-fed resonant power prototype is designed and validated. The experimental results validate the proposed approach and confirm the inverter's digitisation, high-frequency and high-capacity characteristics.
[Assessment and investigation of therapeutic effects of different needling methods for treatment of spastic state of post-cerebrovascular disease]. (2007)

Combined needling method has an unique advantage in improvement of spastic state, increasing motor function and daily life ability of the patient.
<title>Optical properties of phantoms and tissue measured in vivo from 0.9 to 1.3 um using spatially resolved diffuse reflectance</title> (1997)

A near infrared spectrometer has been constructed which is capable of performing spatially resolved diffuse reflectance measurements in the wavelength range of 0.9 - 1.6 micrometer. In this technique, broadband light is delivered by an optical fiber to a point on the tissue surface and diffusely reflected light is collected by 300 micrometer fibers located at 15 distances ranging between 1.0 to 10.0 mm from the source. The light from the detector fibers is imaged with a monochromator onto an InGaAs photodiode array. Wavelengths can be selected by automated scanning of the monochromator grating. A diffusion theory model fit to the reflectance versus distance data has been used to estimate the absorption and scattering coefficients ((mu) <SUB>a</SUB> and (mu) <SUB>s</SUB>') of phantoms and tissue under analysis. Reflectance measurements have been performed on tissue simulating water-based phantoms as well as in vivo on different skin locations. The absorption coefficient of skin was found to have a spectral structure similar to that of water. Unexpected spectral features in the scattering coefficient of skin were observed which may be a result of not considering the layered structure of skin in the current model. The temporal stability of the system has been demonstrated on tissue-simulating phantoms and human volunteers, indicating that the reflectance measurement may be suitable for in vivo monitoring of physiologically induced changes in the absorption and scattering coefficients.
Thermogravimetric studies of benzoylthiourea-modified MCM-41 after adsorption of mercury ions from aqueous solutions (2004)

High-resolution thermogravimetry (HR TG) was used to study the adsorption of mercury(II) ions by modified MCM-41 material and regeneration of the loaded adsorbent with mercury ions by using different eluents. The weight change curves were measured for MCM-41 samples modified with 1-benzoyl-3-propylthiourea ligand loaded with mercury ions. The differential thermogravimetric (DTG) curves were analyzed to investigate the adsorption of mercury ions by the aforementioned multifunctional ligand and to monitor the decomposition of the metal-ligand complexes. A series of experiments performed for different Hg(2+):ligand ratios allowed us to correlate the adsorption data for mercury ions measured by means of UV spectrophotometry with those obtained by HR TG analysis. The DTG results provided additional information about mercury-ligand interactions as well as the thermal stability of mercury-ligand complexes. This study shows that HR TG is a very attractive technique for studying the adsorption of mercury ions on modified nanoporous silicas and monitoring their regeneration. Since the samples used are small, this method seems to be promising for studying adsorption systems of environmental significance.
Arrays of high temperature superconductor Josephson junctions (1993)

The authors present results on parallel, series, and two-dimensional arrays of high-temperature superconductor junctions. The parallel arrays show the expected field dependence of critical current and can function as vortex flow transistors. The series arrays give data about the spread in junction critical currents for the present process. The two-dimensional arrays show many of the phenomena previously observed in low-T/sub c/ technology, such as field frustration of the phase transition, some evidence for superlattice states, and the tentative indications of giant Shapiro steps, showing large-scale cooperative behavior in the device.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A flame ionisation detector for measuring fluctuating concentration (1980)

Describes modifications that can be made to a flame ionisation detector to enable it to provide continuous measurements of fluctuating concentration in turbulent flows. The flame chamber of the FID is placed in the flow and samples sucked into it along a fairly short, narrow bore tube. An analysis is presented of the effect of the sampling tube on the frequency response of the probe. A simple electrometer amplifier with a suitable frequency response and sensitivity for use with the probe is described. The particular application discussed is the wind tunnel modelling of plume dispersion.
Towards a New Quality Metric for 3-D Synthesized View Assessment (2011)

3DTV technology has brought out new challenges such as the question of synthesized views evaluation. Synthesized views are generated through a depth image-based rendering (DIBR) process. This process induces new types of artifacts whose impact on visual quality has to be identified considering various contexts of use. While visual quality assessment has been the subject of many studies in the last 20 years, there are still some unanswered questions regarding new technological improvement. DIBR is bringing new challenges mainly because it deals with geometric distortions. This paper considers the DIBR-based synthesized view evaluation problem. Different experiments have been carried out. They question the protocols of subjective assessment and the reliability of the objective quality metrics in the context of 3DTV, in these specific conditions (DIBR-based synthesized views), and they consist in assessing seven different view synthesis algorithms through subjective and objective measurements. Results show that usual metrics are not sufficient for assessing 3-D synthesized views, since they do not correctly render human judgment. Synthesized views contain specific artifacts located around the disoccluded areas, but usual metrics seem to be unable to express the degree of annoyance perceived in the whole image. This study provides hints for a new objective measure. Two approaches are proposed: the first one is based on the analysis of the shifts of the contours of the synthesized view; the second one is based on the computation of a mean SSIM score of the disoccluded areas.