gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The anti‐angiogenic VEGF isoform VEGF<sub>165</sub>b transiently increases hydraulic conductivity, probably through VEGF receptor 1 <i>in vivo</i> (2006)

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the principal agent that increases microvascular permeability during physiological and pathological angiogenesis. VEGF is differentially spliced to form two families of isoforms: VEGF(xxx), and VEGF(xxx)b. Whereas VEGF(165) stimulates angiogenesis, VEGF(165)b is anti-angiogenic. To determine the effect of VEGF(165)b on permeability, hydraulic conductivity (L(p)) was measured in individually perfused microvessels in the mesentery of frogs and rats. As with VEGF(165), VEGF(165)b increased L(p) in amphibian (2.4 +/- 0.3-fold) and mammalian (1.9 +/- 0.2-fold) mesenteric microvessels. A dose-response relationship showed that VEGF(165)b (EC(50), 0.65 pm) was approximately 25 times more potent than VEGF(165) (EC(50), 16 pm) in amphibian microvessels. VEGF(165) has been shown to increase permeability through VEGF receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) signalling. However, VEGF(165)b increased L(p) of frog vessels to the same extent in the presence of the VEGF-R2 inhibitor ZM323881, indicating that it does not increase permeability via VEGF-R2 signalling, and was inhibited by the VEGF receptor inhibitor SU5416 at doses that are specific for VEGF receptor 1 (VEGF-R1). VEGF(165)b, in contrast to VEGF(165), did not result in a sustained chronic increase in L(p). These results show that although VEGF(165)b is anti-angiogenic in the mesentery, it does signal in endothelial cells in vivo resulting in a transient, but not sustained, increase in microvascular L(p), probably through VEGF-R1.
Asymptotic Theory of Beam Break-Up in Linear Accelerators (1968)

The phenomenon of radial beam break-up observed in terms of long, multi-section electron linear accelerators has been analyzed using a multi-cavity model. In this model the source of regeneration due to backward wave amplification is ignored. The dominant phenomenon involves build-up of radial modes in each cavity as coupled by the electron beam. The resulting differential equations are integrated by the method of steepest descent and by a numerical iteration method. Scaling laws in terms of the pulse length, beam intensity, energy gradient, and length of the structure are derived.
Data width requirements in SISO decoding with module normalization (2001)

This letter studies the numerical properties of log-MAP-based soft-input soft-output decoding. The ranges of the differences between the path metrics, the soft output, and the complete information are derived. Since the log-MAP algorithm is functionally dependent only upon the differences between path metrics, not their magnitudes, a module normalization technique that is automatically implemented in two's complement arithmetic can be used to accommodate overflow of the path metrics. An expression for the minimum internal data width of a soft-input soft-output decoder that employs the module normalization technique is derived. As an application, the minimum internal data width of a decoder for the turbo code used in third-generation mobile communication systems is determined.
Interaction of CO2 with Magnesium Oxide Surfaces: a TPD, FTIR, and Cluster-Model Calculation Study (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInteraction of CO2 with Magnesium Oxide Surfaces: a TPD, FTIR, and Cluster-Model Calculation StudyY. Yanagisawa, K. Takaoka, S. Yamabe, and T. ItoCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 11, 3704–3710Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100011a043https://doi.org/10.1021/j100011a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1818Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Conic toolkit for building distributed systems (1987)

Conic provides a set of tools for building flexible distributed systems for embedded applications such as factory automation, telecommunications, process monitoring and control. The Conic programming language is used to program individual software modules which communicate by naming only local entry and exit ports. This gives configuration independence and allows reuse of the modules in various situations. A separate configuration language is used to specify a system by creating instances of modules and interconnecting exit and entry ports. The configuration language is also used to specify changes which can be performed dynamically without shutting down the complete system. These features of a Conic system provide the flexibility for adapting to changing requirements. The paper describes the Conic programming and configuration languages, as well as the run-time support needed for dynamic configuration. The paper also gives an overview of the Unix-based tools available for building and testing software for distributed target computers. Finally, we discuss experiences of using these tools and future work planned on the project.
Pathway databases and tools for their exploitation: benefits, current limitations and challenges (2009)

In past years, comprehensive representations of cell signalling pathways have been developed by manual curation from literature, which requires huge effort and would benefit from information stored in databases and from automatic retrieval and integration methods. Once a reconstruction of the network of interactions is achieved, analysis of its structural features and its dynamic behaviour can take place. Mathematical modelling techniques are used to simulate the complex behaviour of cell signalling networks, which ultimately sheds light on the mechanisms leading to complex diseases or helps in the identification of drug targets. A variety of databases containing information on cell signalling pathways have been developed in conjunction with methodologies to access and analyse the data. In principle, the scenario is prepared to make the most of this information for the analysis of the dynamics of signalling pathways. However, are the knowledge repositories of signalling pathways ready to realize the systems biology promise? In this article we aim to initiate this discussion and to provide some insights on this issue.
Down-regulation of CXCR7 inhibits the growth and lung metastasis of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells with highly metastatic potential (2011)

CXCR7, a recently identified chemokine receptor, has been implicated in directing cancer metastasis. In the present study, the potential roles of CXCR7 in the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were evaluated. A chemokine receptor gene chip was used to compare the expression of CXCR7 in HCC cell lines with different metastatic potential. Effects of targeting CXCR7 by RNA interference (RNAi) on the proliferation and metastasis of HCCLM3 cells were observed in vitro and in vivo. CXCR7 expression in 116 specimens from patients with or without metastatic HCC was assessed by tissue microarray. As a result, the gene chip showed that expression of CXCR7 was significantly higher in the highly metastatic HCCLM3 cells, which was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR and Western blotting. Chemotaxis assays showed that HCCLM3 cells responded to SDF-1α from 1 to 100 μg/l and lung extractions (1 g/l). Furthermore, down-regulation of CXCR7 in HCCLM3 cells by RNAi inhibited the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells in vitro. Moreover, CXCR7 knockdown significantly reduced the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-2 and matrix metalloproteinase-9. RNAi of CXCR7 in the HCCLM3 cells also decreased the growth of tumors and the number of lung metastases in nude mice. The tissue microarray showed that HCCs with high expression of CXCR7 were prone to metastasize to the lung. These findings suggest that CXCR7 plays critical roles in the growth and metastasis of HCC. RNAi of CXCR7 inhibits the growth and invasion of tumor cells, which indicates that CXCR7 may be a potential molecular target for use in HCC therapy.
Null space learning in cooperative MIMO cellular networks using interference feedback (2013)

Cooperative Multi-Point is a technology for improved spectrum utilization where a group of neighboring base stations coordinate their transmissions. However, the performance gain is severely degraded due to out-of-group interference. We propose simple schemes for null space learning and tracking of the interference channel between a terminal and an interfering base station group, whose only required network information is the interference levels at the terminal. In the proposed schemes, the interfering base station group transmits a sequence of learning signals which inflict low interference on a terminal of a neighboring group. The schemes utilize the fact that each terminal normally measures its interference levels and feeds them back to its serving base stations. Then, the serving group distributes this information to the interfering group, from which it learns the null space of the interfering channel. The proposed algorithms do not affect the transmission protocol between the terminal and the serving base stations, and do not add any signaling to the control channel between them. Each terminal communicates only with its serving group and treats the learning signals of the interfering group as noise.
Instantaneous Doppler-aided RTK positioning with single frequency receivers (2010)

Instantaneous Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) is one of the most precise GNSS positioning and navigation technologies, with which users can obtain centimeter-level relative positioning accuracy in real-time. This technique relies fundamentally upon the inversion of both carrier-phase and code pseudoranges and successful instantaneous ambiguity resolution. However, in this approach the probability of fixing ambiguities to correct integer values is dominated by the relatively imprecise code pseudorange measurements especially in urban areas and difficult environments where the level of noise and multipath on code pseudoranges are high. This problem may be overcome partially by carrier-smoothing of the code pseudoranges using e.g. the Hatch filter. However, in unfavorable environments frequent carrier-phase outages, cycle slips and anomalies occur due to blockages and foliage, etc. and hence the effectiveness of the conventional carrier-smoothing of the code pseudoranges is limited. On the other hand, a receiver can generate continuous Doppler frequency shift measurements with centimeter-level precision even in severe urban canyons as long as signals are present. The objective of this paper is to show the advantage of adding Doppler frequency shift information to instantaneous RTK positioning and navigation in particular for single frequency users. The aim is to enhance the probability of identifying the correct set of integer ambiguities and hence increase the success rate of the integer ambiguity resolution process in instantaneous RTK. In this paper, a simple combination procedure of the noisy code-based pseudorange measurements and the centimeter-level precision receiver-generated Doppler measurements is used to smooth the code pseudoranges. Doppler-smoothed code pseudoranges are then used to help resolve integer ambiguities in the conventional LAMBDA ambiguity resolution method. Single-epoch single-frequency static trials over varying baselines from few meters up to 40 kilometers have shown improvement in fixing the correct set of integer ambiguity vectors when Doppler-smoothed pseudoranges are used compared to the conventional ambiguity resolution without Doppler-aiding. Relative kinematic positioning with single frequency mass market receivers in urban areas using Virtual Reference Stations (VRS) has also shown improvement.
Observability analysis and state observers for automotive powertrains with backlash: a hybrid system approach (2006)

In this paper, the observability properties of automotive powertrains with backlash are analysed. We model the powertrain as a hybrid system in the piecewise affine form and use measurements of the torque and the angular speed of the engine for computing the maximal set of observable states. This set, that is usually non-convex and disconnected, captures in a precise way how the main variables and parameters of the driveline influence the possibility of estimating the shaft twist. Then, we show how to exploit the knowledge of observable states in order to build computationally efficient deadbeat observers for the reconstruction of the powertrain states.
Distinction and quantitation of leucine-isoleucine isomers and lysine-glutamine isobars by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (MSn,n = 2, 3) of copper(II)-diimine complexes (2000)

Electrospray ionization of mixtures of isomeric and isobaric amino acids was investigated with the goal of distinguishing and quantifying the components. Isomeric amino acids leucine and isoleucine were readily distinguished and quantified in 90 : 10 to 10 : 90 binary mixtures using two-stage (MS(2)) and three-stage (MS(3)) tandem mass spectrometric dissociations of ternary Cu(2+)-2, 2'-bipyridyl (bpy) complexes, [Cu(AA - H)bpy](+). The complexes self-assembled in solution upon mixing the components and provided a convenient means of efficient derivatization that increased the efficiency of amino acid ionization by electrospray and shifted the mass of the analytes to a region which was free of solvent interferences. Low-energy dissociations of [Cu(AA - H)bpy](+) complexes in a quadrupole ion trap were achieved at >90% conversions and >80% trapping efficiencies for the MS(2) and MS(3) precursor and fragment ions. Isobaric amino acids glutamine and lysine were also distinguished through MS(2) and MS(3) of their ternary complexes with Cu(2+) and bpy. ESI of [Cu(Gln - H)bpy](+) was enhanced in the presence of [Cu(Lys - H)bpy](+), which resulted in non-linear response at low Lys concentrations.
An evolutionary approach to support Web page design (2002)

Arranging pictures or photographs on a wall or a sheet of paper can be viewed as a layout problem that consists in placing a set of rectangles on a large rectangle so that there are no overlaps, and all edges are parallel to either the vertical or horizontal edge of the large rectangle. Automating this process is sensible in connection with Web page design, in particular if frequent changes occur. For Web pages, it is possible and it makes sense to scale pictures down so as to ensure that there is a solution to any such layout problem. The goal then is to find a layout that arranges the pictures in a way that is pleasing to the eye. We propose to employ an evolutionary approach to evolve layouts, using a representation similar to slicing tree structures, and a fitness measure that incorporates the idea of aesthetic appeal as minimising blank spaces.
An unexpected double cycloaddition of [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine N-ylide with activated acetylenes and alkenes (1987)

The reaction of 5,7-dmethyl-[1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidinio-3-phenacylide (5) with activated acetylenes gave 1 : 2 adducts of ylide–R–CC–R. The structures of the products were determined as 3,3a-dihydropyrazolo[1,5-c]pyrimidine derivatives (7) by hydrolysis, 1H and 13C n.m.r., and X-ray crystallography. Molecular orbital calculations (ab initio) of the model compounds were performed in order to elucidate the mechanism for the formation of the 1 : 2 adducts. The results of the calculations suggested that an intermediate, 1 : 1 adduct would be less reactive than the starting ylide. However, despite many attempts isolation of the 1 : 1 adduct was unsuccessful. The 1 : 2 adduct was obtained even from the reaction of the ylide with 0.5 equiv. of the acetylenic compound. Easy formation of the 1 : 2 adducts can be explained by an equilibrium between the 1 : 1 adducts and the starting materials.
Trisubstituted heteropolytungstates as soluble metal oxide analogs. III. Synthesis, characterization, phosphorus-31, silicon-29, vanadium-51, and 1- and 2-D tungsten-183 NMR, deprotonation, and proton mobility studies of organic solvent solute forms of HxSiW9V3O40x-7 and HxP2W15V3O62x-9 (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTrisubstituted heteropolytungstates as soluble metal oxide analogs. III. Synthesis, characterization, phosphorus-31, silicon-29, vanadium-51, and 1- and 2-D tungsten-183 NMR, deprotonation, and proton mobility studies of organic solvent solute forms of HxSiW9V3O40x-7 and HxP2W15V3O62x-9Richard G. Finke, Brian. Rapko, Robert J. Saxton, and Peter J. DomailleCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1986, 108, 11, 2947–2960Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00271a025RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1916Altmetric-Citations208LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The expression of VEGF-C in human non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical implication (2005)

Objective To investigate the expression of VEGF-C in human non-small cell lung cancer and its clinical implication.Methods Immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of VEGF-C in 76 cases with lung cancer.Results There are not significantly difference among different tissue types,and there is not correlation between well differentiated and poor differentiated.The expression of VEGF-C in stage Ⅱ lung cancer was more than stageⅠlung cancer.The VEGF-C positive rate was significantly higher in lung cancer with lymph nodes metastasis than that without. The four-year survival rate of the patients with positive expression of VEGF-C was significantly lower than those with negative expression.Conclusion Expression level of VEGF-C correlated well with lymph node metastasis, tumor progression and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer.
Integration of Motion Fields through Shape (2005)

Structure from motion from single flow fields has been studied intensively, but the integration of information from multiple flow fields has not received much attention. Here we address this problem by enforcing constraints on the shape (surface normals) of the scene in view, as opposed to constraints on the structure (depth). The advantage of integrating shape is two-fold. First, we do not need to estimate feature correspondences over multiple frames, but we only need to match patches. Second, the shape vectors in the different views are related only by rotation. This constraint on shape can be combined easily with motion estimation, thus formulating motion and structure estimation from multiple views as a practical constrained minimization problem using a rank-3 constraint. Based on this constraint, we develop a 3D motion technique, which locates through color and motion segmentation, planar patches in the scene, matches patches over multiple frames, and estimates the motion between multiple frames and the shape of the selected scene patches using the image gradients. Experiments evaluate the accuracy of the 3D motion estimation and demonstrate the motion and shape estimation of the technique by super-resolving an image sequence.
Frequent CALR exon 9 alterations in JAK2 V617F-mutated essential thrombocythemia detected by high-resolution melting analysis (2015)

Essential thrombocythemia (ET) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm and one of the classic BCL-ABL1-negative chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN), which also includes polycythemia vera and primary myelofibrosis (PMF).1 Recently, two seminal studies discovered a high frequency of somatic calreticulin (CALR) mutations in patients with JAK2/MPL-unmutated ET and PMF.2, 3 The pattern of most CALR mutations in MPN is heterozygous indels in exon 9 causing one-base pair (bp) reading frameshift. CALR mutations have been shown to have important diagnostic and prognostic significance in ET and PMF patients,2, 3, 4 and will likely be incorporated into the World Health Organization (WHO) diagnostic criteria for MPN. In vitro studies on the molecular pathogenesis of CALR mutations in MPN have shown controversial results in regard to the involvement and/or activation of the JAK/STAT signaling pathway,2, 3 and the exact pathogenesis of CALR mutations is not yet completely understood at the present time.5
Blockade of joint inflammation and secondary hyperalgesia by L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor (1997)

Acute arthritis is associated with pain-related behavior, joint swelling and increased joint temperature. Arthritic animals exhibit a significant decrease in paw withdrawal latency 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 h after induction of inflammation, when compared with baseline values, indicative of secondary hyperalgesia. Intra-articular injection of a non-specific nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME), resulted in a complete reversal of heat hyperalgesia and prevented further increase in joint swelling and temperature, while injection of either isotonic saline or the inactive enantiomer NG-nitro-D-arginine methyl ester (D-NAME) after induction of arthritis had no effect on any of these parameters. Intra-articular injection of 7-nitro-indazole (7-NINA), a selective neuronal NOS inhibitor, reversed the heat hyperalgesia for about 1 h but did not inhibit the increase in joint swelling or temperature. These results suggest an important role for nitric oxide (NO) in mediating peripheral nociceptive transmission and inflammation.
The pharmacology of fenclozic acid (2‐(4‐chlorophenyl)‐thiazol‐4‐ylacetic acid; I.C.I. 54, 450; ‘Myalex’); a new compound with anti‐inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activity (1969)

1. Fenclozic acid (2-(4-chlorophenyl)thiazol-4-ylacetic acid; I.C.I. 54,450; "Myalex") is one representative of a new class of compounds with antiinflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic properties as evidenced by its activity in a variety of tests in rats, mice and guinea-pigs.2. In tests of short duration the potency of fenclozic acid is similar to that of phenylbutazone.3. In tests of longer duration fenclozic acid is more potent than phenylbutazone.4. The activity of fenclozic acid is not mediated by stimulation of the adrenals and the compound is devoid of corticosteroid-like activity.