gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Derived Exosomes Confer Antigen-Specific Immunosuppression in a Murine Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity Model (2011)

Exosomes are endosome-derived small membrane vesicles that are secreted by most cell types including tumor cells. Tumor-derived exosomes usually contain tumor antigens and have been used as a source of tumor antigens to stimulate anti-tumor immune responses. However, many reports also suggest that tumor-derived exosomes can facilitate tumor immune evasion through different mechanisms, most of which are antigen-independent. In the present study we used a mouse model of delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) and demonstrated that local administration of tumor-derived exosomes carrying the model antigen chicken ovalbumin (OVA) resulted in the suppression of DTH response in an antigen-specific manner. Analysis of exosome trafficking demonstrated that following local injection, tumor-derived exosomes were internalized by CD11c+ cells and transported to the draining LN. Exosome-mediated DTH suppression is associated with increased mRNA levels of TGF-β1 and IL-4 in the draining LN. The tumor-derived exosomes examined were also found to inhibit DC maturation. Taken together, our results suggest a role for tumor-derived exosomes in inducing tumor antigen-specific immunosuppression, possibly by modulating the function of APCs.
The Role of Fluorine Substitution in Biphenyl Methylene Imidazole‐Type CYP17 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Prostate Carcinoma (2010)

It has been established that the growth of most prostate carcinomas depends on androgen stimulation. The inhibition of cytochrome P450-17 (CYP17) to block androgen biosynthesis is therefore regarded as a promising approach to therapy. Based on our previously identified lead compound Ref 1, a series of fluorine-substituted biphenyl methylene imidazoles were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as CYP17 inhibitors to elucidate the influence of fluorine on in vitro and in vivo activity. It was found that meta-fluoro substitution at the C ring improved activity, whereas ortho substitution decreased potency. Docking studies performed with our human CYP17 homology model suggest the presence of multipolar interactions between fluorine and Arg109, Lys231, His235, and Glu305. As expected, introduction of fluorine also prolonged the half-life in plasma. The SARs obtained confirm the reliability of the protein model; compound 9 (IC(50)=131 nM) was identified as a strong CYP17 inhibitor, showing potent activity in rat, high bioavailability, and a long plasma half-life: 12.8 h.
Multipath sensitivity and carrier slip tolerance of an integrated Doppler DGPS navigation algorithm (2002)

Integrated Doppler techniques are potentially very useful for such critical real-time DGPS (differential Global Positioning System) applications as river and harbor ship steering, aircraft precision approach, and autonomous land vehicle guidance. Offering high measurement precision and reduced sensitivity to multipath, the integrated Doppler observable can be introduced into the user navigation algorithm in several ways. The approach proposed features: a state variable model for code multipath, code-carrier ambiguity, and code-carrier ionospheric delay offset rate; delta-range, integrated Doppler and code pseudorange combined in an optimal manner during new satellite reception; a state variable and covariance model implemented for DGPS reference station extrapolated corrections; and real-time correction of large cycle-slip events. The interaction of filter modules is discussed. A filter covariance model is utilized to assess the impact of multipath strength and correlation time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quantum synchronization over quantum networks (2010)

We consider a network of quantum oscillators in which quantum states are distributed among connected nodes by means of unitary transformations. The distributed states interact with each local state according to a time-dependent interaction Hamiltonian, which is modeled by a Hermitian operator constructed in terms of the states themselves, thereby introducing nonlinear network interactions. For qubit nodes of differing natural frequencies, we show numerically that for a sufficiently large coupling constant, synchronization of quantum nodes occurs in which the spins of all qubits are mutually aligned with a common frequency of oscillation, following initial transient configurations. We discuss the significance of quantum synchronization as a means to create copies of unknown quantum states.
Structural evidence for the inhibition of grape dihydroflavonol 4-reductase by flavonols (2008)

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is a key enzyme of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway which catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of 2R,3R-trans-dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanidins. The latter are the precursors of anthocyans and condensed tannins, two major classes of phenolic compounds that strongly influence the organoleptic properties of wine. DFR has been investigated in many plant species, but little was known about its structural properties until the three-dimensional structure of the Vitis vinifera enzyme complexed with NADP(+) and its natural substrate dihydroquercetin (DHQ) was described. In the course of the study of substrate specificity, crystals of DFR-NADP(+)-flavonol (myricetin and quercetin) complexes were obtained. Their structures exhibit major changes with respect to that of the abortive DFR-NADP(+)-DHQ complex. Two flavonol molecules bind to the catalytic site in a stacking arrangement and alter its geometry, which becomes incompatible with enzymatic activity. The X-ray structures of both DFR-NADP(+)-myricetin and DFR-NADP(+)-quercetin are reported together with preliminary spectroscopic data. The results suggest that flavonols could be inhibitors of the activity of DFR towards dihydroflavonols.
Stability of the X-ray contrast agent iodixanol=3,3',5,5'-tetrakis(2,3-dihydroxypropylcarbamoyl)-2,2',4,4',6,6'-hexaiodo-N,N'-(2-hydroxypropane-1,3-diyl)-diacetanilide towards acid, base, oxygen, heat and light (1999)

Even under highly acidic and basic conditions, iodixanol is stable.
Activities (2015)

The research comprises three elements – an interview program, a literature review and an extensive empirical analysis using 11 years of trade data.
Test frequency selection for band-pass filters (2010)

The paper discusses the selection of an appropriate set of test frequencies in the multifrequency parametric fault diagnosis of band-pass filters. Selected frequencies depend on the filter quality factor Q and they are the same for all groups of testable components. The selection of single frequency and double frequencies is shown for the second-order band-pass filter in the current-mode. The method can be used either to locate faulty components or to estimate a priori unknown parasitic parameters of active circuit elements.
Degradation of p53 by adenovirus E4orf6 and E1B55K proteins occurs via a novel mechanism involving a Cullin-containing complex (2001)

Although MDM2 plays a major role in regulating the stability of the p53 tumor suppressor protein, other poorly understood MDM2-independent pathways also exist. Human adenoviruses have evolved strategies to regulate p53 function and stability to permit efficient viral replication. One mechanism involves adenovirus E1B55K and E4orf6 proteins, which collaborate to target p53 for degradation. To determine the mechanism of this process, a multiprotein E4orf6-associated complex was purified and shown to contain a novel Cullin-containing E3 ubiquitin ligase that is (1) composed of Cullin family member Cul5, Elongins B and C, and the RING-H2 finger protein Rbx1(ROC1); (2) remarkably similar to the von Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor and SCF (Skp1-Cul1/Cdc53-F-box) E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes; and (3) capable of stimulating ubiquitination of p53 in vitro in the presence of E1/E2 ubiquitin-activating and -conjugating enzymes. Cullins are activated by NEDD8 modification; therefore, to determine whether Cullin complexes are required for adenovirus-induced p53 degradation, studies were conducted in ts41 Chinese hamster ovary cells that are temperature sensitive for the NEDD8 pathway. E4orf6/E1B55K failed to induce the degradation of p53 at the nonpermissive temperature. Thus, our results identify a novel role for the Cullin-based machinery in regulation of p53.
Single-mode solarization-free hollow-core fiber for ultraviolet pulse delivery (2018)

In this paper, we report anti-resonant silica hollow-core fibers (AR-HCFs) for solarization-free ultraviolet (UV) pulse transmission. The new fibers reported have lower attenuation than any previous HCFs for this spectral range. We report a single fiber that guides over a part of the UV-C and the whole of the UV-A spectral regions in adjacent transmission bands. A second AR-HCF is used for delivery of 17 nanosecond laser pulses at 266 nm at 30 kHz repetition rate. The fiber maintained a constant transmission, free of silica fluorescence and solarization-induced fiber degradation while delivering 0.46 μJ pulses for a period of over one hour. By direct comparison, we demonstrate that the single-mode AR-HCF significantly outperforms commercially-available high-OH and solarization-resistant silica multimode fibers for pulsed light delivery in this spectral range.
Simple Device for Treatment of Hyperhidrosis by Iontophoresis (1968)

A relatively inexpensive and easily constructed device for iontophoresis has at least one good clinical indication. This is in the treatment of palmar and plantar hyperhidrosis. Two or three treatments a week for about two weeks will usually induce an euhidrotic state, which can be maintained by treatment at intervals of one month or longer. An iontophoresis machine is basically a direct current power supply which is able to pass a current of 15 to 20 ma through the patients extremeties. Such a unit can be easily constructed from parts which are readily available from any electronics supply house.
Optical isolators for optical communication systems (1991)

Abstract In large‐capacity, high‐speed and long‐distance optical communication systems, an optical isolator is one of the key devices for stable laser diode operation. This paper discusses first the required characteristics of an optical isolator, and then features of its various types based on connection with surrounding optical circuit are described. Next, the stage of the art of the magnetooptical materials required for optical isolators and the magnetic circuit design are reviewed; and, finally, recent developments of optical isolator devices are reported.
Microcavity semiconductor laser with enhanced spontaneous emission (1991)

A metal-clad optical waveguide with a semiconductor microcavity structure is proposed to increase the coupling efficiency of spontaneous emission into a lasing mode (spontaneous emission coefficient \ensuremath{\beta}) and to increase a total spontaneous emission rate simultaneously. Such a microcavity semiconductor laser with enhanced spontaneous emission has novel characteristics, including high quantum efficiency, low threshold pump rate, broad modulation bandwidth, and intensity noise reduced to below the shot-noise limit (amplitude squeezing).
Rheological Properties of Acid Gels Prepared from Heated pH-Adjusted Skim Milk (2003)

Reconstituted skim milk was adjusted to pH values between 6.5 and 7.1 and heated (90 degrees C) for up to 30 min. The skim milk samples were then readjusted to pH 6.7. Acid gels prepared from heated milk had markedly higher G ' values, a reduced gelation time, and an increased gelation pH than those prepared from unheated milk. An increased pH at heating decreased the gelation time, increased the gelation pH, and increased the final G ' of acid set gels prepared from the heated milk samples. There were only small differences in the level of whey protein denaturation in the samples at different pH values, and these differences could not account for the differences in the G ' of the acid gels. The levels of denatured whey protein associated with the casein micelles decreased and the levels of soluble denatured whey proteins increased as the pH at heating was increased. The results indicated that the soluble denatured whey proteins had a greater effect on the final G ' of the acid gels than the denatured whey proteins associated with the casein micelles.
Toward Controlling the Formation, Degradation Behavior, and Properties of Hydrogels Synthesized by Aza‐Michael Reactions (2013)

Abstract The aza‐Michael reaction of amino‐functionalized polymers with acrylate and acrylamide crosslinkers for the formation of hydrogels is investigated. It is studied how far the reaction conditions (pH value, chemical structures of the compounds involved) influence the crosslinking and degradation rate of the gels. When crosslinking the polymer poly(1‐glycidylpiperazine), high pH values lead to fast crosslinking. Fast degradation of β‐aminoester crosslinks is observed when acrylate crosslinkers are used due to a neighboring group effect. With acrylamide crosslinkers, hydrolytically stable gels are formed, in which the shear moduli and swelling ratio can be adjusted and in which the extracts show no toxic effect on primary human fibroblasts, making them a promising material for biotechnological applications. magnified image
Bid Regulates the Pathogenesis of Neurotropic Reovirus (2010)

Reovirus infection leads to apoptosis in both cultured cells and the murine central nervous system (CNS). NF-kappaB-driven transcription of proapoptotic cellular genes is required for the effector phase of the apoptotic response. Although both extrinsic death-receptor signaling pathways and intrinsic pathways involving mitochondrial injury are implicated in reovirus-induced apoptosis, mechanisms by which either of these pathways are activated and their relationship to NF-kappaB signaling following reovirus infection are unknown. The proapoptotic Bcl-2 family member, Bid, is activated by proteolytic cleavage following reovirus infection. To understand how reovirus integrates host signaling circuits to induce apoptosis, we examined proapoptotic signaling following infection of Bid-deficient cells. Although reovirus growth was not affected by the absence of Bid, cells lacking Bid failed to undergo apoptosis. Furthermore, we found that NF-kappaB activation is required for Bid cleavage and subsequent proapoptotic signaling. To examine the functional significance of Bid-dependent apoptosis in reovirus disease, we monitored fatal encephalitis caused by reovirus in the presence and absence of Bid. Survival of Bid-deficient mice was significantly enhanced in comparison to wild-type mice following either peroral or intracranial inoculation of reovirus. Decreased reovirus virulence in Bid-null mice was accompanied by a reduction in viral yield. These findings define a role for NF-kappaB-dependent cleavage of Bid in the cell death program initiated by viral infection and link Bid to viral virulence.
<title>Advanced modulation and signal processing techniques for 40-Gb/s optical transmission systems</title> (2002)

In this paper, we discuss the potential for advanced modulation and electronic signal processing techniques to remove key barriers to commercially viable, near-term deployment of multi-Tb/s link capacities utilizing 40 Gb/s optical transport.
Biocompatibility of chemoenzymatically derived dextran‐acrylate hydrogels (2004)

The biocompatibility of chemoenzymatically generated dextran-acrylate hydrogels has been evaluated in vitro, using human foreskin fibroblasts, and in vivo, by subcutaneous and intramuscular implantation in Wistar rats for up to 40 days. In vitro tests show that hydrogel extracts only minimally reduced (<10%) the mitochondrial metabolic activity of fibroblasts. Direct contact of the hydrogels with cells induced a cellular proliferation inhibition index (CPII) of 50-80%, compared with a control, whereas through indirect contact, the CPII values were <16%, suggesting that the high CPII values achieved in the direct assay test were likely due to mechanical stress or limitations in oxygen diffusion. Hence, the hydrogels were noncytotoxic. Moreover, cell-material interaction studies show that these hydrogels were nonadhesive. Finally, histologic evaluation of tissue response to subcutaneous and intramuscular implants showed acceptable levels of biocompatibility, as characterized by a normal cellular response and the absence of necrosis of the surrounding tissues of the implant. In the first 10 days, the foreign-body reaction in the intramuscular implantation was more severe than in subcutaneous implantation, becoming identical after 30 days. In both cases, dextran hydrogels did not show signs of degradation 6 weeks postimplantation and were surrounded by a thin fibrous capsule and some macrophages and giant cells. This response is typical with a number of nondegradable biocompatible materials. These results indicate that dextran hydrogels are biocompatible, and may have suitable applications as implantable long-term peptide/protein delivery systems or scaffolds for tissue engineering.
Le mécanisme de la fermentation malolactique des vins (1977)

<p style="text-align: justify;">Dans ce travail on étudie l'activité de suspensions bactériennes responsables de la fermentation malolactique des vins, on décrit les méthodes de purification d'extraits bactériens catalysant cette transformation. On a vérifié l'existence d'une enzyme malolactique particulière assurant la transformation du malate en lactate sans intervention des lacticodéshydrogénases.</p><p style="text-align: justify;">+++</p><p style="text-align: justify;">The activity of bacterial suspensions responsible for malolactic fermentation in wines was studied. Methods of purification of bacterial extracts which catalyse this transformation are described. The existence of a particular malolactic enzyme which ensures the conversion of malate into lactate without the intervention of lactate dehydrogenases was shown.</p>
An AC/DC converter with high power factor (2003)

The television receiver often employs a capacitor-input-type rectifier. In this case, it is regulated as a class D piece of equipment. This paper presents a novel ringing-choke-converter-type switching regulator, which functions as an active filter. The proposed circuit features a simple circuit configuration and cost effectiveness. It achieves a high power factor of about 0.95 and reduces current harmonics (third, fifth, and seventh) in the AC input current to less than 40% of the limit value for class D. The voltage across the input smoothing capacitor does not show large variations and the components in the conventional ringing-choke converter can be used unmodified. Ripple content of the DC output voltage shows a slight increase and is the subject for future research.
Stereo matching algorithm based on deep learning: A survey (2020)

The development of stereo matching algorithm is still one of the challenging problems, especially in ill-posed regions. Hence, this article presents a survey on the algorithm frameworks related to the stereo matching algorithm. Based on the early survey that had been conducted, two major frameworks available in current stereo matching algorithm development, they are traditional and artificial intelligence (AI) frameworks. Most of the traditional methods are very low accuracy compared to the AI-based approach. This can be observed in the standard benchmarking dataset, such as from the KITTI and the Middlebury, where AI methods rank at the top of the accuracy list. Additionally, the trend for solving computer vision problems uses AI or machine learning tools that become more apparent in recent years. Thus, this paper is focusing on the survey between the deep learning frameworks, which is one of the machine learning tools related to the convolutional neural network (CNN). Several mixed approaches between CNN based method and traditional handcraft method, as well as the end to end CNN method also discussed in this paper.
Control of protein traffic between distinct plasma membrane domains. Requirement for a novel 108,000 protein in the fusion of transcytotic vesicles with the apical plasma membrane. (1993)

We have developed a cell-free system that reconstitutes the last step in transcytosis, i.e. the fusion of transcytotic transport vesicles with the apical plasma membrane (PM). Subcellular fractions containing transcytotic vesicles (the donor) or apical PM (the acceptor) were prepared from rat liver by sucrose density centrifugation. Fusion between the donor and acceptor fractions was measured by the conversion of the 120,000 transmembrane form of the polymeric IgA receptor (pIgA-R), an endogenous protein of transcytotic vesicles, to a processed fragment by a protease endogenous to the apical PM. Fusion occurred only at 37 degrees C and was critically dependent on the presence of ATP and cytosol. Fusion was inhibited by treating the in vitro fusion reaction with N-ethylmaleimide or by adding antibodies against N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF). We have previously identified a specific transcytotic vesicle-associated protein (TAP) and here show that TAP exists in both cytosolic and membrane-associated pools. Because of its exclusive interaction with transcytotic vesicles, we tested the involvement of TAP in distinct fusion processes. Removal of TAP inhibited fusion in an in vitro transcytotic fusion reaction but had no inhibitory effect in an in vitro endosome-endosome fusion system or in an in vitro intra-Golgi transport reaction. We propose that TAP represents part of the molecular machinery specifically involved in targeting and/or fusion of transcytotic vesicles with the apical PM.
Detailed engineering design - Kampala-Gayaza-Bugema-Zirobwe-Wobulenzi Road (2003)

This environmental assessment for the Third Road Development Project for Uganda details expected environmental impacts and proposes measures to mitigate negative impacts. Among them are the following: Minimize hydrological impacts by allowing unimpeded water flow by providing for culverts in the road design. Reduce impacts due to earthworks and quarry excavation by exercising care, and carrying out activities during the dry season. Prevent soil loss and reduce visual intrusion by reinstatement, landscaping of gravel pits and quarries, replanting areas cleared for deviations, and vegetating the road embankment in the steep sections. Introduce speed restrictions to reduce dust emissions. Lessen disturbance caused by noise and dust pollution by locating crushing plants downwind of households. Sensitize motorists and provide special areas for trucks to control oil and noise pollution. Keep deviations within the road reserve as far as practicable. Provide compensation for crops and existing structures on land outside the road reserve temporarily acquired for deviations. The workmen's camp should use gas or electric cookers to preclude the need to but charcoal. A central canteen for the workforce will reduce energy and water consumption and solid waste generated. Conduct campaigns for sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) in the camps as well as in the villages. Provide workers with protective gear and workers compensation cover, and equip sites with first aid kits. Enhance road safety by installing clear and frequent road signs and markings.