gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Crystallization on Cell Morphology in Microcellular Polyphenylene Sulfide (2005)

process has been applied to various plastic materials. In this work, the effects of crystallization of microcellular polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) on its morphology are investigated. When PPS was foamed below its crystallization temperature, a unimodal distribution was observed with a cell size of about 10 µm. When foamed above its crystallization temperature, on the other hand, a bimodal distribution was observed with two peaks at about 10 µm and the submicron order in cell size. It was shown that these submicron-sized cells were generated by cell nucleation induced by crystallization of PPS. ABSTRACT
&#x2018;Referer&#x2019; based Predictive Caching and session prefetching for Browser (2014)

The World Wide Web contributes greatly to the creation of an ever-increasing global information database. One of the important experience factors while accessing it lies with the time taken to load the webpages. The latency of the network and server's response affect the page-load performance. Caching and prefetching are well-known strategies for reducing the access latency and have become essential elements of research so as to provide the users with a faster browsing experience. In this paper we propose a method of predicting the client's forthcoming requests and assisting the client in faster page-load by selectively `hinting' and `pushing' the predicted resources to the client. We make use of the SPDY based forward proxy for communicating with the Browser and introduce `SPDY session' prefetch, We also analyze the reduction in memory consumption because of our prediction procedure.
Pathogenomic Sequence Analysis of <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Isolates Closely Related to <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (2006)

Bacillus anthracis, Bacillus cereus, and Bacillus thuringiensis are closely related gram-positive, spore-forming bacteria of the B. cereus sensu lato group. While independently derived strains of B. anthracis reveal conspicuous sequence homogeneity, environmental isolates of B. cereus and B. thuringiensis exhibit extensive genetic diversity. Here we report the sequencing and comparative analysis of the genomes of two members of the B. cereus group, B. thuringiensis 97-27 subsp. konkukian serotype H34, isolated from a necrotic human wound, and B. cereus E33L, which was isolated from a swab of a zebra carcass in Namibia. These two strains, when analyzed by amplified fragment length polymorphism within a collection of over 300 of B. cereus, B. thuringiensis, and B. anthracis isolates, appear closely related to B. anthracis. The B. cereus E33L isolate appears to be the nearest relative to B. anthracis identified thus far. Whole-genome sequencing of B. thuringiensis 97-27and B. cereus E33L was undertaken to identify shared and unique genes among these isolates in comparison to the genomes of pathogenic strains B. anthracis Ames and B. cereus G9241 and nonpathogenic strains B. cereus ATCC 10987 and B. cereus ATCC 14579. Comparison of these genomes revealed differences in terms of virulence, metabolic competence, structural components, and regulatory mechanisms.
Protonated Benzene: IR Spectrum and Structure of C6H7 (2002)

Structure of gas-phase arenium ions: The long-standing controversy about the geometry of protonated benzene is unambiguously solved by IR spectroscopy. The first high-resolution gas-phase spectrum of an arenium ion shows that the σ complex (not the π complex; see picture) is the most stable structure of C6H7+.
Chart Constellations: Effective Chart Summarization for Collaborative and Multi‐User Analyses (2018)

Abstract Many data problems in the real world are complex and require multiple analysts working together to uncover embedded insights by creating chart‐driven data stories. How, as a subsequent analysis step, do we interpret and learn from these collections of charts? We present Chart Constellations, a system to interactively support a single analyst in the review and analysis of data stories created by other collaborative analysts. Instead of iterating through the individual charts for each data story, the analyst can project, cluster, filter, and connect results from all users in a meta‐visualization approach. Constellations supports deriving summary insights about prior investigations and supports the exploration of new, unexplored regions in the dataset. To evaluate our system, we conduct a user study comparing it against data science notebooks. Results suggest that Constellations promotes the discovery of both broad and high‐level insights, including theme and trend analysis, subjective evaluation, and hypothesis generation.
Spectromètre à Grilles (1963)

A gain of luminosity greater than 100 is obtained by replacing the entrance and exit slits of a spectrometer by a two-dimensional set of alternately transparent and nontransparent zones, the limit curves of which are regularly assembled equilateral hyperbolas having common asymptotes. One of the asymptotes is parallel to the slits of the conventional spectrometers. The general construction and, to some extent, the handling qualities of conventional spectrometers are not altered. The Littrow-type mounting is particularly advantageous. The examples of the results mentioned have been obtained with an apparatus having a focal length of two meters using the single-beam and single-pass principle.
Stacking Graphic Elements to Avoid Over-Plotting (2010)

An ongoing challenge for information visualization is how to deal with over-plotting forced by ties or the relatively limited visual field of display devices. A popular solution is to represent local data density with area (bubble plots, treemaps), color (heatmaps), or aggregation (histograms, kernel densities, pixel displays). All of these methods have at least one of three deficiencies:1) magnitude judgments are biased because area and color have convex downward perceptual functions, 2) area, hue, and brightness have relatively restricted ranges of perceptual intensity compared to length representations, and/or 3) it is difficult to brush or link to individual cases when viewing aggregations. In this paper, we introduce a new technique for visualizing and interacting with datasets that preserves density information by stacking overlapping cases. The overlapping data can be points or lines or other geometric elements, depending on the type of plot. We show real-dataset applications of this stacking paradigm and compare them to other techniques that deal with over-plotting in high-dimensional displays.
Inference about the change-point from cumulative sum tests (1971)

The point of change in mean in a sequence of normal random variables can be estimated from a cumulative sum test scheme. The asymptotic distribution of this estimate and associated test statistics are derived and numerical results given. The relation to likelihood inference is emphasized. Asymptotic results are compared with empirical sequential results, and some practical implications are discussed.
Desorption of tetrachloroethene and 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane from aquifer sediments (1991)

Abstract Desorption of tetrachloroethene (TeCE) or 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) from aquifer sediment (0.19% organic carbon) was monitored following sorption for 6 or 30 d in 100 μM aqueous solutions. The compounds were desorbed by a previously developed purge technique in which a third phase of Tenax GC® polymeric adsorbent beads provided a sink for desorbed chemical, thereby simulating desorption to infinite dilution. Sorbed concentrations in the sediments were quantified by hot acetone extraction of sacrificed replicates. More than 95% of the initial sorbed compound was desorbed within the first 4 d, but a persistent fraction (8–15 μg/kg, 0.4 to 1%) remained associated with the sediments for at least 35 d. The desorption curves were little affected by the prepurge sorption time. The results may rationalize the unexpectedly high sediment-associated concentrations of a similar compound (1,2-dibromoethane) in a long-contaminated aquifer.
Why Do Catalytic Quantities of Lewis Acid Generally Yield More Product than 1.1 Equivalent in the Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction with a Furan Diene? Competitive Complexation NMR Studies Provide an Answer (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTWhy Do Catalytic Quantities of Lewis Acid Generally Yield More Product than 1.1 Equivalent in the Intramolecular Diels-Alder Reaction with a Furan Diene? Competitive Complexation NMR Studies Provide an AnswerIan R. Hunt, Christine Rogers, Simon Woo, Arvi Rauk, and Brian A. KeayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 3, 1049–1056Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00108a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00108a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views352Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Chapter 1 The Nature of the Neo-liberal State and the Rule of Law (2009)

Abstract This chapter does two related things. First of all it sets out the neo‐liberal case for thinking that the state should be conceived largely in terms of rules and procedures instead of delivering certain types of outcomes and goals. To use the terminology of Oakeshott, endorsed by Hayek, the state should be seen as nomocratic and not telocratic. The neo‐liberal state embodies a set of basic rules about mutual non‐coercion as well as contract keeping rather than embodying the pursuit of a specific goal such as social justice, welfare, or a particular understanding of national identity. It looks at the close relationship between these ideas and the neo‐liberal idea of the rule of law. Neo‐liberals are critical of legal positivism and in contrast believe that the rule of law is in fact a moral ideal.
High-power, mode-locked Nd:fibre laser pumped by an injection-locked diode array (1988)

A neodymium-doped fibre laser has been actively modelocked to produce pulses shorter than 120ps using an intracavity acousto-optic loss modulator. The laser operated at 1.088μm at an average power of 5mW when pumped by an injection-locked diode array, which coupled approximately 40 mW of 0.82 μm into the fibre. A peak pulse power of 1 kW was obtained in Q-switched operation.
Seasonal Changes in Yuma Clapper Rail Vocalization Rate and Habitat Use (1993)

Courtney J. Conway, William R. Eddleman, Stanley H. Anderson, Louis R. Hanebury, Seasonal Changes in Yuma Clapper Rail Vocalization Rate and Habitat Use, The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 57, No. 2 (Apr., 1993), pp. 282-290
Removing Boron from an Aqueous Solution Using Turmeric Extract-Aided Coagulation-Flocculation (2012)

Problem statement: Boron exists in an environment naturally either through weathering of rocks or volcanic activity but due to anthropogenic activity, boron had been distributed widely into our surroundings. Boron was a problematic pollutant due to the difficulty to remove it from the water. Turmeric which had been widely used as a spice and traditional medicine, were investigated to determine its capabilities to aid in coagulation-flocculation process to remove boron. Optimizing coagulation-flocculation process might be effective to remove boron to a lower concentration. Approach: In this study, the optimum parameter for pH, dose of aluminium sulfate (alum) and a dose of turmeric extract were determined by conducting a set of jar test experiment. The coagulationflocculation process was performed to study the effectiveness of the turmeric extract as a coagulant aid in boron removal. Results: The result demonstrated that coagulation-flocculation process with the aid of turmeric extract can remove boron effectively at optimum conditions rather than coagulationflocculation process without the aid of turmeric extract. The optimum conditions for boron removal were achieved at pH 7, an alum dosage of 18, 367 mg L -1 and turmeric extract dosage of 82 mg L -1 . Conclusion/Recommendations: Result showed that removal of boron depends on pH, alum dosage and turmeric extract dosage. The boron removal percentage of the aqueous solution using the coagulation-flocculation process aided by the addition of turmeric extract and without the addition of turmeric extract were 95 and 62%, respectively. In addition, there was a significance difference between both processes. Turmeric extract as a coagulant aid demonstrated promising performance in boron removal and can be used as an alternative treatment to treat boron-containing wastewater.
Using Matching Grants to Facilitate Corporate-University Research Linkages: A Preliminary Examination of Outcomes from One Initiative (1990)

In the 1980’s the issue of corporate-university linkages has received markedly increased attention from governments, corporations, and universities. From government’s perspective, the drive to enhance corporate-university linkages is derived from the belief that these linkages will contribute to economic competitiveness. One method that has been used by government to encourage this interaction is through the provision of matching grants. Using public finance theory as the conceptual basis, the paper examines the preliminary outcomes of one government’s matching grant initiative. Through a compilation of data on university research revenues on corporate contract research and a questionnaire to companies that placed the research contracts in universities, the paper shows that matching grants, in the manner provided by the BILD program, may not be an effective mechanism to promote corporate-university research linkages. The paper concludes with some suggestions for further research and discusses the conceptual and methodological hurdles that can be encountered when attempting to asses the outcomes of a matching grant program, particularly as applied to corporate-university linkages.
Role of Individual Milk Salt Constituents in Cross-linking by Colloidal Calcium Phosphate in Artificial Casein Micelles (1987)

Artificial casein micelles were prepared at a casein concentration of 2.5% with various salt compositions, and the content of the casein aggregates cross-linked by colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP) was determined by high-performance gel chromatography on a TSK-GEL G4000SW column, using 6 m urea-simulated milk ultrafiltrate as the effluent. When phosphate was incorporated into calcium caseinate micelle systems, the casein aggregates cross-linked by CCP appeared. In these micelle systems, not all of the formed calcium phosphate seemed to participate in cross-linking, because part of the calcium phosphate was in the urea-insoluble form. When micelles were prepared at 30 mm calcium and 22 mm phosphate, the content of the casein aggregates cross- linked by CCP was higher in the presence of 10mm citrate than in the absence of citrate. The precipitate of calcium phosphate formed in the presence of citrate had cross-linking ability, whereas the precipitate formed in the absence of citrate did not. It is suggested that citrate plays an important role in cross-linking by CCP. Magnesium phosphate alone had no cross-linking ability. Magnesium increased the amount of calcium phosphate to promote cross-linking.
Identification of a gene cluster for antibacterial polyketide-derived antibiotic biosynthesis in the nystatin producer Streptomyces noursei ATCC 11455 The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are AF071512 for ORF1, AF071513 for ORF2, AF071514 for ORF3, AF071515 for ORF4, AF071516 for ORF5, AF071517 for ORF6, AF071518 for ORF7, AF071519 for gdhA, AF071520 for ORF8, AF071521 for ORF9, AF071522 for ORF10 and AF071523 for ORF11. (2000)

Streptomyces noursei ATCC 11455 produces the antifungal polyene antibiotic nystatin containing the deoxysugar moiety mycosamine. Part of the deoxythymidyl diphosphate (TDP)-glucose dehydratase gene (gdhA) known to be involved in deoxysugar biosynthesis was amplified by PCR from genomic DNA of S. noursei ATCC 11455. A gene library for S. noursei was made and screened with the gdhA probe. Several overlapping phage clones covering about 30 kb of the S. noursei genome were physically mapped. A partial DNA sequencing analysis of this region resulted in the identification of several putative genes typical of macrolide antibiotic biosynthetic gene clusters. A gene-transfer system for 5. noursei has been established, and gene deletion or disruption experiments within the putative biosynthetic gene cluster were performed. All of the knock-out mutants retained the ability to produce nystatin, suggesting that the identified gene cluster is not involved in biosynthesis of this antibiotic. Culture extracts from the wild-type strain and three knock-out mutants were analysed by TLC followed by a bioassay against Micrococcus luteus. Two antibacterial compounds were found to be synthesized by the wild-type strain while only one was produced by the mutants. This provided evidence for the involvement of the identified gene cluster in the biosynthesis of a presumably novel antibacterial macrolide antibiotic in S. noursei.
Improving Mathematics Skills of High School Students (2007)

In U.S. schools, students must pass statewide competency tests to graduate from high school. In this article, the authors summarize the development and testing of a program implemented to improve the skills of students failing to "make the grade" on these high-stakes tests. District personnel randomly assigned twenty-eight students who previously failed the math test to participate in an experimental (Arizona Instrument to Measure Standards [AIMS]) or control math class. The AIMS group used a computerized tool to generate multiple-choice problems for students to practice the content of the state's competency test. Eight AIMS students (57 percent) and two control students (14 percent) passed the retest. The outcomes offer promise for schools looking for evidence-based solutions to problems related to increasing numbers of students experiencing difficulties with high-stakes assessments.
Stereoconversion of Amino Acids and Peptides in Uryl‐Pendant Binol Schiff Bases (2008)

(S)-2-Hydroxy-2'-(3-phenyluryl-benzyl)-1,1'-binaphthyl-3-carboxaldehyde (1) forms Schiff bases with a wide range of nonderivatized amino acids, including unnatural ones. Multiple hydrogen bonds, including resonance-assisted ones, fix the whole orientation of the imine and provoke structural rigidity around the imine C==N bond. Due to the structural difference and the increase in acidity of the alpha proton of the amino acid, the imine formed with an L-amino acid (1-l-aa) is converted into the imine of the D-amino acid (1-D-aa), with a D/L ratio of more than 10 for most amino acids at equilibrium. N-terminal amino acids in dipeptides are also predominantly epimerized to the D form upon imine formation with 1. Density functional theory calculations show that 1-D-Ala is more stable than 1-L-Ala by 1.64 kcal mol(-1), a value that is in qualitative agreement with the experimental result. Deuterium exchange of the alpha proton of alanine in the imine form was studied by (1)H NMR spectroscopy and the results support a stepwise mechanism in the L-into-D conversion rather than a concerted one; that is, deprotonation and protonation take place in a sequential manner. The deprotonation rate of L-Ala is approximately 16 times faster than that of D-Ala. The protonation step, however, appears to favor L-amino acid production, which prevents a much higher predominance of the D form in the imine. Receptor 1 and the predominantly D-form amino acid can be recovered from the imine by simple extraction under acidic conditions. Hence, 1 is a useful auxiliary to produce D-amino acids of industrial interest by the conversion of naturally occurring L-amino acids or relatively easily obtainable racemic amino acids.
Expanded Genetic Alphabets in the Polymerase Chain Reaction (2009)

Gesäuberte PCR: DNA-Polymerasen wurden entdeckt, die zwei zusätzliche Nucleotid-„Buchstaben“ (Z und P) in ein erweitertes DNA-Alphabet einfügen, sodass Polymerasekettenreaktionen (PCR) mit sechs Buchstaben möglich werden. Wenn der Einbau in externe Primer bei einer dreifachen Multiplex-PCR betrachtet wurde, lieferten Primer, die Z und P enthielten, deutlich sauberere Resultate.
Polymerization of Formaldehyde with Charge Transfer Complexes (1971)

各種電荷移動型錯化合物によるホルムアルデヒドの重合について検討した結果, σ-π, π-v, π-π, n-v (Mullikenの分類による) の錯化合物を触媒とした場合は, 高重合度のポリオキシメチレンは得られなかった. しかし数種のアミン-SO2あるいはアミン-I2などのn-πあるいはn-σ錯合体は高重合度ポリマーを高収率で与えた. これら錯化合物の反応例として, ピリジン-SO2, ビリジン-I2を触媒とした場合の, 電子供与体, 受容体のモル比, 重合温度, 水の影響, 使用する溶剤の影響について検討を行なった.
Location-tuned relaxivity in Gd-doped mesoporous silica nanoparticles (2012)

In tuning the sub-particle localisation of Gd(III) binding macrocycles within a mesoporous scaffold, nanoparticle contrast agents of unprecedented relaxivity and low Gd(III) loadings can be realised.
Early detection of cancer in the general population: a blinded case–control study of p53 autoantibodies in colorectal cancer (2012)

Our findings suggest that in the general population, autoantibody signatures are detectable during preclinical disease and may be of value in cancer screening. In colorectal cancer screening in particular, where the current need is to improve compliance, it suggests that p53 autoantibodies may contribute towards risk stratification.
Real-time load compensation by using a cascaded multilevel inverter-based STATCOM (2011)

A delta-connected static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) is proposed for real-time load compensation of unbalanced load. The structure of the STATCOM is a multilevel cascaded full H-bridge inverter which is suitable for high-voltage, high-power applications. First, use of the symmetrical components method derives the control algorithm of the STATCOM. The STATCOM is then built in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Finally, simulation results indicate that the proposed delta-connected STATCOM is effective for real-time load compensation of unbalanced loads.