gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A biomolecular isolation framework for eco-systems biology (2012)

Mixed microbial communities are complex, dynamic and heterogeneous. It is therefore essential that biomolecular fractions obtained for high-throughput omic analyses are representative of single samples to facilitate meaningful data integration, analysis and modeling. We have developed a new methodological framework for the reproducible isolation of high-quality genomic DNA, large and small RNA, proteins, and polar and non-polar metabolites from single unique mixed microbial community samples. The methodology is based around reproducible cryogenic sample preservation and cell lysis. Metabolites are extracted first using organic solvents, followed by the sequential isolation of nucleic acids and proteins using chromatographic spin columns. The methodology was validated by comparison to traditional dedicated and simultaneous biomolecular isolation methods. To prove the broad applicability of the methodology, we applied it to microbial consortia of biotechnological, environmental and biomedical research interest. The developed methodological framework lays the foundation for standardized molecular eco-systematic studies on a range of different microbial communities in the future.
Differentiation between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism of their ORFs 6 and 7 genes. (1998)

Three distinct antigenic profiles were identified by comparing the reactivities of 15 Canadian field isolates, the attenuated U.S. vaccine (Ingelvac MLV) strain and 2 European reference strains (Lelystad and Weybridge) of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) by indirect immunofluorescence with a set of 4 monoclonal antibodies to the nucleocapsid (N) protein and 2 other to the matrix (M) protein. In the present study, 9 Canadian isolates for which the sequences were determined appeared closely related to 2 U.S. reference strains (ATCC VR-2332 and ATCC VR-2385) with amino acid identities varying between 90 to 98% for the M and N proteins; substitutions in the nucleotide sequences were distributed randomly throughout the ORFs 6 and 7 genes, and most were 3rd base silent mutations. In comparison, more than 30% divergence was demonstrated with the Lelystad virus. Furthermore, differentiation between North American and European isolates, and between field isolates and the MLV strain could be achieved by cutting PCR-amplified products encompassing both ORFs 6 and 7 genes with 4 restriction endonucleases. When taken individually, BsaJI and AluI were the more appropriate restriction enzymes for distinguishing the vaccine strain from field isolates. The results obtained suggest that the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the genomic region covering the ORFs 6 and 7 genes may be a valuable tool to differentiate among PRRSV isolates.
Electro-optical properties of PMN-xPT compounds: Single crystals and transparent ferroelectric ceramic (2010)

The electro-optical properties of the PMN-xPT single-crystal relaxor solid solutions with different PT contents (x = 6, 10, 13%) and the PLMN-25PT transparent ceramic with a La content of 3%, which has been synthesized for the first time, have been studied at room temperature. It has been shown that the dependence of the quadratic electro-optical coefficients on the PT concentration in single crystals passes through a maximum at x ∼ 13%. It has been revealed that, although the PT concentration in the PLMN-25PT ceramic is above 13%, this material exhibits the largest quadratic electro-optical coefficients and the lowest half-wave voltage among all the known relaxor systems. Possible origins of the above phenomena have been discussed.
Effect of anti-CD18 antibody on myocardial neutrophil accumulation and infarct size after ischemia and reperfusion in dogs. (1993)

Although PMN accumulation contributed to reduced postischemic microvascular perfusion, it caused insufficient additional myocardial cell death to measurably affect infarct size in this model.
The impact of crystal cut error on the measured impurity profiles resulting from ion implantation (2000)

In this paper, the effect of crystal cut error on ion-implanted impurity profiles in silicon is examined. Accurate measurements of crystal cut errors have been performed using the X-ray diffraction method, and a method of calculating the effect of crystal cut error on the implant tilt/rotation angle is provided. The subsequent effect of crystal cut error on ion-implanted profiles is simulated, and the results are compared with SIMS experimental data. The comparison shows the validity of the crystal cut error calculation outlined in this paper, and the importance of taking crystal cut error into account in the comparison of measured and simulated impurity profiles, and in evaluating, calibrating, and comparing ion implant tools.
Photo-induced ionization dynamics of the nitrogen vacancy defect in diamond investigated by single-shot charge state detection (2013)

Abstract The nitrogen–vacancy centre (NV) has drawn much attention for over a decade, yet detailed knowledge of the photophysics needs to be established. Under typical conditions, the NV can have two stable charge states, negative (NV−) or neutral (NV0), with photo-induced interconversion of these two states. Here, we present detailed studies of the ionization dynamics of single NV centres in bulk diamond at room temperature during illumination and its dependence on the excitation wavelength and power. We apply a recent method which allows us to directly measure the charge state of a single NV centre, and observe its temporal evolution. We find that the steady-state NV− population is always ⩽75% for 450–610 nm excitation wavelength. In combination with saturation measurements, we show that the optimal excitation wavelength is around 510–540 nm. Furthermore, the relative absorption cross-section of NV− is determined for 540–610 nm, revealing a double-peak structure. Finally, the energy of the NV− ground state of 2.6 eV below the conduction band is measured. These results reveal new insights into the charge state dynamics of the NV centre.
In vivo Efficacy of Two Heated Humidifiers Used During CPAP-therapy for Obstructive Sleep Apnea Under Various Environmental Conditions (2001)

Under the ambient conditions of humidity and temperature, commonly found in European and North American bedrooms, both HH demonstrate a high humidification performance that even falls within the range recommended for intubated patients. The difference between the two HH is small, and probably not clinical relevant. Thus, it would appear that both HH are suitable for the treatment of dry upper airways under CPAP therapy.
A novel rechargeable battery with a magnesium anode, a titanium dioxide cathode, and a magnesium borohydride/tetraglyme electrolyte (2015)

The strong push for electric vehicles and large-scale power storage systems has generated intense interest in rechargeable magnesium batteries due to the innate merits associated with the magnesium metal anode in terms of volumetric capacity, abundance, and operational safety. Herein, we report a novel pathway toward the development of an advanced battery containing a magnesium anode, a titanium dioxide cathode, and a magnesium borohydride/tetraglyme electrolyte, which delivers high specific capacity, as well as exceptional cycle life and rate capability. This work demonstrates the importance of compatibility of the electrochemical activities of the cathode materials and electrolytes in rechargeable Mg batteries.
Comparison of Amidoxime Adsorbents Prepared by Cografting Methacrylic Acid and 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate with Acrylonitrile onto Polyethylene (2000)

Methacrylic acid (MAA) and 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) were cografted with acrylonitrile (AN) onto polyethylene fiber by radiation-induced graft polymerization. The cyano groups produced were converted to amidoxime groups (−C(NOH)NH2) by reaction with hydroxylamine (NH2OH) to recover uranium in seawater. Various weight ratios of AN/MAA or AN/HEMA in the monomer mixture for cografting generated MAA- and HEMA-cografted amidoxime (AO) fibers with various hydrophilicities. The amidoxime group density and water content were balanced to enhance the uranium adsorption from seawater. MAA-cografted AO fibers exhibited a higher adsorption rate than HEMA-cografted AO fibers. The optimum value of the weight ratio of AN/MAA = 60/40 in the monomer mixture was observed both in a submerged mode at an ocean site and in a flow-through mode in the laboratory. The amount of uranium adsorbed was 0.90 g/kg of the MAA-cografted AO fiber at 293−298 K after 20 days of contact at the ocean site.
Impacted cancellous allografts and cement for revision total hip arthroplasty (1993)

We report the results of using impacted cancellous allografts and cement for fixation of the femoral component when revision arthroplasty is required in the face of lost bone stock. In 56 hips reviewed after 18 to 49 months there were few complications and a majority of satisfactory results with evidence of incorporation of the graft. Further study and review are necessary, but the use of the method appears to be justified.
Measurements of the intrinsic rise times of common inorganic scintillators (2000)

The intrinsic rise times of a number of common inorganic scintillators are determined using ultrafast measurements of luminescence following pulsed X-ray excitation. A Ti-sapphire mode-locked laser and a light-excited X-ray tube are used to produce X-ray pulses with 60 ps fwhm. Fluorescence photons are detected with a microchannel phototube and the response of the phototube and electronics is 45 ps fwhm. Samples are either powders or thin crystals painted black on five sides to reduce delayed scattered photons. The intrinsic scintillators CeF/sub 3/, CdWO/sub 4/, Bi/sub 4/Ge/sub 3/O/sub 12/, and CsI have rise times /spl les/30 ps, indicating that electrons are promptly captured to form the excited states. The activated scintillators CaF/sub 2/:Eu, ZnO:Ga, and Lu/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/:Ce have rise times /spl les/40 ps, indicating that the luminescent centers are excited by rapid sequential hole capture-electron capture. The activated scintillators CsI:Tl and YAlO/sub 3/:Ce have slower rise times due to processes that delay the formation of excited states. It is shown that for practical scintillation detectors, internal reflections in the crystal can degrade observed rise times by hundreds of ps depending on size, reflector, and index of refraction.
A new type of digital frequency multiplier (1975)

A new technique for frequency multiplication using digital methods is described. The method is primarily useful for low-frequency multiplication and generates equally spaced pulses, although there is a small error due to truncation.
[Efficacy of ofloxacin in sexually transmitted male urethritis and cervicitis]. (1988)

Efficacy and safety of ofloxacin (OFLX), a new quinolone antibacterial agent, were investigated in cases of sexually transmitted male urethritis and cervicitis. Chlamydial infections occupied a large part of the patients enrolled. This study was conducted in 29 institutions. A total of 1,126 patients with gonococcal, chlamydial or non-gonococcal non-chlamydial infections were enrolled in the study. The general dosing regimen of oral OFLX was 100 mg t.i.d. or 200 mg t.i.d. for 14 consecutive days. Along with the clinical efficacy evaluated by doctors in charge, therapeutic and clinical efficacies were determined according to standardized evaluation criteria. The evaluation of therapeutic efficacy was based on bacterial eradication. On the other hand, clinical efficacy was determined upon the improvement in causative bacteria, WBC counts in smear (or initial urine) specimens and urethra/cervical discharges. Clinical efficacy was determined on 7 and 14 days after starting the medication, except for gonococcal infections for which the efficacy was determined on Day 3 and Day 7. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Efficacy evaluation by standardized criteria Therapeutic efficacy rates in gonococcal infections were 97.9% (93/95) on Day 3 and 100% (119/119) on Day 7. In chlamydial infections, the rates were 77.7% (363/467) on Day 7 and 93.6% (392/419) on Day 14. Chlamydial urethritis rated 94.8% (239/252) and cervicitis 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in gonococcal infections were 63.2% (60/95) on Day 3 and 95.8% (114/119) on Day 7. In chlamydial infections, they were 70.0% (327/467) on Day 7 and 89.7% (376/419) on Day 14. Chlamydial urethritis rated 88.5% (223/252) and cervicitis 91.6% (153/167) on Day 14. Clinical efficacy rates in non-gonococcal non-chlamydial infections were 93.3% (97/104) for male urethritis and 65.9% (27/41) for cervicitis on Day 14. 2. Clinical efficacy determined by doctors in charge A total of 1,028 cases, 752 urethritis and 276 cervicitis cases, was evaluated by doctors in charge. Clinical efficacy rates were 90.3% for urethritis and 92.4% for cervicitis. 3. Safety Safety evaluations was conducted in 1,087 patients. Side effects were observed in 23 patients among them (2.12%). None of them were deemed serious. General laboratory examinations were conducted for 169 patients. Abnormal findings were seen in 11 patients (6.51%) or 13 cases, all of which were minor. The results of this multi-center clinical trial demonstrated that OFLX is effective and well tolerated in the treatment of sexually transmitted disease (STD), both gonococcal and chlamydial infections.
Using voltage sources as current drivers for electrical impedance tomography (2002)

In multi-frequency electrical impedance tomography (EIT) systems it is much easier to design voltage sources than current sources. It is also at times desirable to operate a voltage driving system as if it were a current driving system. This can be done by adjusting the individual voltage sources until a desired current pattern is obtained. Questions remain regarding the form of the adjustment algorithm and the circumstances under which it will converge. Through simulation and experimentation we have developed a simple algorithm which functions satisfactorily in most practical situations. We have also investigated its theoretical limits for convergence. Simulations showed that convergence is reached in all cases with little (0.1%) or no measurement noise. With moderate noise (0.5%) our algorithm failed to converge in 17 out of 6000 runs, while more significant measurement noise (1%) resulted in convergence in only 7 out of 6000 runs. Experiments with a 16-channel EIT system converged in all cases on volunteer arms, but failed some of the time in saline, with the number of successful runs decreasing with frequency (73.3% at 10 kHz, 71.1% at 125 kHz and 15.5% at 750 kHz), suggesting a possible link to measurement error.
Suppression of experimental lupus nephritis by aberrant expression of the soluble E‐selectin gene (2002)

Circulating leukocytes, particularly neutrophils and monocytes, are important effector cells in the induction of many forms of glomerulonephritis. Adhesion molecules, especially selectins, are also thought to be critical for the development of this disease. We examined the possible suppressive effect of soluble E-selectin on the development of experimental lupus nephritis induced by the injection of a hybridoma clone (2B11.3) derived from an MRL/MpJ-lpr/lpr lupus mouse. This clone produces IgG3 antibodies that induce severe proliferative glomerulonephritis resembling lupus nephritis when injected into normal mice. Transgenic mice with a soluble E-selectin gene were injected intraperitoneally with the hybridoma cells and histopathologically examined on day 15. As a result, the development of glomerulonephritis was significantly suppressed. This suppression was characterized by fewer inflammatory cell infiltrates, compared with non-transgenic litter mates, despite the fact that there were no remarkable differences in immunoglobulin deposits or expression of E-selectin between the two groups. These findings suggest that by controlling inflammatory cell infiltration, soluble E-selectin plays a preventative role in the development of a particular type of lupus nephritis.
New Pore-Size Parameter Characterizing Transport in Porous Media (1986)

We introduce a well-defined geometrical parameter, $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$, related to dynamically connected pore sizes in composite materials. $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ describes the effects of an internal boundary layer on a variety of processes including electrical surface conduction, high-frequency viscous damping of acoustic waves, and healing length effects in fourth sound. We argue that $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$ is also related to the dc permeability to flow of a viscous fluid.
Current and Novel Treatment Options for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Emphasis on Aflibercept (2013)

Worldwide, colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most frequently diagnosed cancer in men and the second in women. Metastatic disease develops in more than half of the patients and carries a poor prognosis. Over the past three decades, significant advances have been made in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The development of new cytotoxic agents and the incorporation of target-specific agents in first-, second-, third-, and nowadays even fourth-line treatment has prolonged median overall survival up to 24-28 months. However, 5-year survival rates remain disappointingly low. This review summarizes the currently available cytotoxic treatment options for mCRC, and highlights the further emerging role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-inhibiting strategies, emphasizing the role of aflibercept. Aflibercept is a recombinant fusion protein with high VEGF affinity, and is the second antiangiogenic agent to obtain registration in the treatment of mCRC.
Different mechanisms for social transmission of diet preference in rat pups of different ages (1987)

We examined the role of simple exposure to a diet in the development of preference for that diet in rat pups 21, 28, 38, and 45 days of age. We found: that 21-day-old rat pups exhibited a preference for a diet to which they were simply exposed for 30 min; that 28-, 38-, and 45-day-old pups failed to exhibit simple-exposure induced preference for a diet; and that pups at all ages examined, exposed for 30 min to an anesthetized conspecific whose face had been dusted with a diet, subsequently exhibited a preference for that diet. We interpreted these data as indicating that socially-induced diet preference in 21-day-old pups can be explained by effects of simple exposure, while socially-induced diet preference in older rats cannot. Pups older than 21 days of age appear more sensitive to the social context in which diet-identifying olfactory cues are experienced than do 21-day-old pups.
Lateral chirality-sorting optical forces (2015)

The transverse component of the spin angular momentum of evanescent waves gives rise to lateral optical forces on chiral particles, which have the unusual property of acting in a direction in which there is neither a field gradient nor wave propagation. Because their direction and strength depends on the chiral polarizability of the particle, they act as chirality-sorting and may offer a mechanism for passive chirality spectroscopy. The absolute strength of the forces also substantially exceeds that of other recently predicted sideways optical forces.
Evaluation of a Dry Electrode System for Electroencephalography: Applications for Psychophysiological Cognitive Workload Assessment (2010)

Advances in state-of-the-art dry electrode technology have led to the development of a novel dry electrode system for electroencephalography (QUASAR, Inc.; San Diego, California, USA). While basic systems-level testing and comparison of this dry electrode system to conventional wet electrode systems has proved to be very favorable, very limited data has been collected that demonstrates the ability of QUASAR's dry electrode system to replicate results produced in more applied, dynamic testing environments that may be used for human factors applications. In this study, QUASAR's dry electrode headset was used in combination with traditional wet electrodes to determine the ability of the dry electrode system to accurately differentiate between varying levels of cognitive workload. Results show that the accuracy in cognitive workload assessment obtained with wet electrodes is comparable to that obtained with the dry electrodes.
Radiation hardness measurements of new permanent magnet materials for high-intensity linac applications (1998)

This is the final report of a two-year, Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) project at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL). The radiation resistance of samples of high-strength samarium cobalt permanent-magnet material has been studied. Samples of commercially available material were obtained from four different manufacturers. The remanent field of the samples was measured before and after the samples were irradiated with neutrons produced at the beam stop of the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE) proton accelerator.
15N-labed glycine synthesis (2006)

This work describes a method for 15N-isotope-labeled glycine synthesis, as well as details about a recovery line for nitrogen residues. To that effect, amination of alpha-haloacids was performed, using carboxylic chloroacetic acid and labeled aqueous ammonia (15NH3). Special care was taken to avoid possible 15NH3 losses, since its production cost is high. In that respect, although the purchase cost of the 13N-labeled compound (radioactive) is lower, the stable tracer produced constitutes an important tool for N cycling studies in living organisms, also minimizing labor and environmental hazards, as well as time limitation problems in field studies. The tests were carried out with three replications, and variable 15NH3aq volumes in the reaction were used (50, 100, and 150 mL), in order to calibrate the best operational condition; glycine masses obtained were 1.7, 2, and 3.2 g, respectively. With the development of a system for 15NH3 recovery, it was possible to recover 71, 83, and 87% of the ammonia initially used in the synthesis. With the required adaptations, the same system was used to recover methanol, and 75% of the methanol initially used in the amino acid purification process were recovered.