gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reduction of Deep Levels and Improvement of Carrier Lifetime in n-Type 4H-SiC by Thermal Oxidation (2009)

Significant reduction of major deep levels in n-type 4H-SiC(0001) epilayers by means of thermal oxidation is demonstrated. By thermal oxidation of epilayers at 1150–1300 °C, the concentration of the Z1/2 and EH6/7 centers has been reduced from (0.3–2)×1013 cm-3 to below the detection limit (1×1011 cm-3). The depth-profile analysis of the Z1/2 center has revealed that the Z1/2 center is eliminated to a depth of about 50 µm from the surface after thermal oxidation at 1300 °C for 5 h. The carrier lifetime in an n-type 4H-SiC epilayer measured by differential microwave photoconductance decay has been significantly improved from 0.73 µs (as-grown) to 1.62 µs (after oxidation: 1300 °C, 5 h×2). The reduction mechanism of the Z1/2 and EH6/7 centers is discussed.
Stability of a sampled phase-lock loop (1970)

Phase-lock loops used for tracking short pulses will often have a sample and hold circuit incorporated into the phase detector, making the loop potentially unstable. A stability criterion and stability margins are presented.
Anonymity And Verifiability In Multiattribute Reverse Auction (2011)

The use of e-Auction services has been increasing in recent years. Security requirements in conducting e-Auctions are mainly bid privacy, anonymity and public verifiability. Most of the secure protocols concentrate on privacy and anonymity, which are achieved through bidder-resolved multi-party computation, assuming two or more trusted third parties, either through numerous auctioneers or with asymmetric models in which the commercial entity of an auction issuer or registration manager is assumed in addition to the auctioneer. Multi-attribute reverse auctions promise higher market efficiency and effective information exchange. This work extends and uses the existing schemes. This scheme uses scoring function, winner determination in multi-attribute auctions to implement public verifiability. Anonymity is achieved through bidder side pseudonym generation. By results and analysis we say this is very simple and effective scheme. This scheme ensures public verifiability and anonymity in multiattribute auctions without revelation of the bids received, third parties and complex communications.
Unique Properties of SBN and Their Use in a Layered Optical Memory (1974)

Holographic storage experiments using crystal Sr(0.75)Ba(0.25)Nb(2)O(6) (SBN 75/25) as a volume-phase holographic medium show that this material is the most sensitive crystalline storage medium yet discovered. An exposure level of 0.003 J/cm(2) at 0.488 microm produces a 1% diffraction efficiency in a 5-mm length of crystal. In addition to high recording sensitivity, SBN 75-25 exhibits interesting electric-field induced effects that include electric-field enhanced recording sensitivity and voltage-switchable latent-to-active holographic reconstruction efficiency. These effects are explained in terms of drift and diffusion of photoionized carriers coupled with the nonlinear electrooptic behavior characteristic of this low Curie temperature ferroelectric crystal. Detailed measurements of the holographic recording and reconstruction properties of thick phase-volume holograms stored in SBN 75/25 are reported. A mechanism is proposed that correlates the observed electrically controlled holographic response with the dielectric behavior of the crystal. These interesting effects are used to implement a novel, layered optical memory having no moving parts and having electrical access for writing or reading selected layers. An experimental model of the layered memory was constructed to demonstrate the interrelation of the several phenomena involved in the layered concept.
Strain-specific telomere length revealed by single telomere length analysis in Caenorhabditis elegans (2004)

Terminal restriction fragment analysis is the only method currently available for measuring telomere length in Caenorhabditis elegans. Its limitations include low sensitivity and interference by the presence of interstitial telomeric sequences in the C.elegans genome. Here we report the adaptation of single telomere length analysis (STELA) to measure the length of telomeric repeats on the left arm of chromosome V in C.elegans. This highly sensitive PCR-based method allows telomere length measurement from as few as a single worm. The application of STELA to eight wild-type C.elegans strains revealed considerable strain-specific differences in telomere length. Within individual strains, short outlying telomeres were observed that were clearly distinct from the bulk telomere length distributions, suggesting that processes other than end-replication losses and telomerase-mediated lengthening may generate telomere length heterogeneity in C.elegans. The utility of this method was further demonstrated by the characterization of telomere shortening in mrt-2 mutants. We conclude that STELA appears to be a valuable tool for studying telomere biology in C.elegans.
Optical measurements and the darkening effect of ZnS fluorescent materials (1966)

Optical measurements on certain fluorescent powders are affected by a darkening phenomenon. This is shown to be both time-dependent and wavelength-dependent.
The mechanism of AC-biased magnetic recording (1961)

The mechanism of ac-biased magnetic recording is directly related to the physical and magnetic properties of the recording medium. A theory has been developed which describes this relationship, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The action of ac bias on a single-domain particle is examined, and the factors determining its remanent state are analyzed. When the analysis is extended to an aggregate of such particles, it is found that the interaction fields created by the particles themselves are responsible for the biased recording mechanism. The transfer characteristic obtained with ac biasing is derived directly from the distribution of interaction fields in the aggregate material.
GEOMETRY ESTIMATION AND ADAPTIVE ACTUATION FOR CENTERING PREPROCESSING AND PRECISION MEASUREMENT (2006)

Precise machining of bearing rings is integral to finished bearing assembly quality. The output accuracy of center-based machining systems such as lathes or magnetic chuck grinders relates directly to the accuracy of part centering before machining. Traditional tooling and methods for centering on such machines are subject to wear, dimensional inaccuracy, setup time (hard tooling) and human error (manual centering).A flexible system for initial part centering is developed based on a single measurement system and actuator, whereby the part is placed by hand onto the machine table, rotated and measured to identify center of geometry offset from center of rotation, then moved by a series of controlled impacts or pushes to align the centers. The prototype centering system is developed as a demonstration platform for research in a number of mechanical engineering areas, particularly: Characterization of optimal state estimators through analysis of accuracy and computational efficiency; Distributed communication and control, efficient transfer of information in a real-time environment, and information sharing between processes; Modeling of sliding dynamics and the interaction of friction with compliant body dynamic models; Motion path planning through both deterministic geometric transforms and through frequency domain command manipulation.A vision is created for future work not only in the described areas, but also in the areas of advanced controller design incorporating multiple variables, derived machine diagnostic information, and application of the distributed communication architecture to information flow throughout the manufacturing organization. The guiding motivation for this research is reduction of manufacturing processing costs in the face of global competition. The technologies researched, developments made, and directions prescribed for future research aid in enabling this goal.
Clustering: a technique for search space reduction in example-based machine translation (2002)

This paper addresses an important problem in example-based machine translation (EBMT), namely how to make retrieval of the example that best matches the input more efficient. The use of clustering is proposed, to enable the application of the same similarity metric to first limit the search space and then locate the best available match in a database. Evaluation results are presented on a large number of test cases.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advances in MEMS IMU Cluster Technology for Small Satellite Applications (2015)

In recent years, there has been increased interest in Micro-Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS) Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) due to their relatively small volumetric footprint and low-cost. Although this advantage far outweighs the volumetric footprint and cost of traditional high-performance IMUs, MEMS technology has yet to match the performance of such devices. In spite of this, it has been shown in theory that a cluster of MEMS IMUs may signicantly improve the performance over a single MEMS IMU. To further develop this theory, two prototype boards have been designed and constructed that include 16 MEMS accelerometers and gyroscopes af- xed to a single Printed Circuit Board (PCB). To prove this technology, hardware and software has been developed for calibration and fault detection, which represents the majority of the body of this thesis. An apparatus has been designed to easily acquire three-axis measurements from the cluster prototype on a single-axis rate table. These measurements may then be placed into a Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) algorithm in order to acquire the necessary error coecients incorporated in IMU measurements. Once these error coecients are accurately determined, future measurements may be calibrated. Finally, a fault detection, isolation, and recovery (FDIR) architecture was developed and simulated to determine faulty measurements in real-time, so that bad measurements may not be placed into downstream navigation lters. The hardware, software, and testing developed and performed in this thesis will be used in the verication process of an IMU cluster to help prove its worthiness in modern day small satellite applications.
Semi-automatic generation of UML models from natural language requirements (2011)

Going from requirements analysis to design phase is considered as one of the most complex and difficult activities in software development. Errors caused during this activity can be quite expensive to fix in later phases of software development. One main reason for such potential problems is due to the specification of software requirements in Natural Language format. To overcome some of these defects we have proposed a technique, which aims to provide semi- automated assistance for developers to generate UML models from normalized natural language requirements using Natural Language Processing techniques. This technique initially focuses on generating use-case diagram and analysis class model (conceptual model) followed by collaboration model generation for each use-case. Then it generates a consolidated design class model from which code model can also be generated. It also provides requirement traceability both at design and code levels by using Key-Word-In-Context and Concept Location techniques respectively to identify inconsistencies in requirements. Finally, this technique generates XML Metadata Interchange (XMI) files for visualizing generated models in any UML modeling tool having XMI import feature. This paper is an extension to our existing work by enhancing its complete usage with the help of Qualification Verification System as a case study.
Catfish hybrid Ictalurus punctatus × I. furcatus exhibits higher resistance to columnaris disease than the parental species (2012)

We present experimental data on susceptibility to columnaris disease, caused by the bacterium Flavobacterium columnare, in hybrid catfish (female channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus × male blue catfish I. furcatus) (C×B). Under our experimental conditions, C×B hybrids were significantly more resistant to columnaris disease caused by the highly virulent strain of F. columnare BGFS-27 (genomovar II) than channel catfish and blue catfish. Channel and blue catfish cumulative mortalities after immersion challenge were 74 and 87%, respectively, whereas mortality in the C×B hybrid was 31%. Susceptibility to the strain ARS-1 (genomovar I) was lower among all catfishes, although channel catfish was the least resistant species at 32% cumulative mortality. By contrast, C×B hybrid and blue catfishes were strongly resistant to the ARS-1 strain, with <10% mortality. Our data suggest enhanced disease resistance of the C×B hybrid to columnaris disease.
Non-invasive Cuff-less Measurement of Blood Pressure Based on Machine Learning (2020)

This article attempts to consider a new approach to continuous measurement of blood pressure (BP), based on the pulse transit time (PTT) between two points of a blood vessel and the shape of pulse wave (PW). The measuring of PW/PTT based on the signal processing and analysis of the patient’s electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG). The PTT-based blood pressure estimation algorithms, used by most authors, suggests their individual calibration for each patient. More flexible is a different approach - the use of machine learning. It is especially noted that the use of machine learning had reduced the error of blood pressure measurement.
Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Patients Infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (1993)

The prevalence and characteristics of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in 226 patients who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were determined. Antibody to HCV (anti-HCV) was detected by enzyme immunoassay (EIA), and positive results were confirmed by a neutralization EIA or recombinant immunoblot assay. The prevalence of anti-HCV was 8%. Intravenous drug use was the most common risk factor for HCV infection (61.1% of patients), and 52.4% of intravenous drug users were seropositive for anti-HCV (HCV+). Only 16.7% of HCV+ patients had AIDS, as compared with 37.4% of anti-HCV-seronegative (HCV-) patients (P = .04). The prevalence of hepatitis B virus markers in patients with and without anti-HCV was similar. The CD4+ lymphocyte counts were higher for HCV+ patients than for HCV- patients (P = .001), and the prevalence of anti-HCV decreased in parallel with CD4+ counts. Elevated liver function test values were more common for HCV+ patients than for HCV- patients (61.1% vs. 26.0%; P < .01), but abnormalities were usually slight (< 2-fold elevation in values). HCV viremia was detected by the polymerase chain reaction in 88.2% of HCV+ patients. Despite the coexistence of HIV and HCV infection, liver disease appeared to be mild, and HCV infection did not appear to increase the severity of HIV infection. Serological tests for HCV appear to underestimate the prevalence of HCV infection in patients with advanced HIV infection or AIDS.
Diagnosing and treating nasal septal perforations (2005)

The authors present a comprehensive treatment guide to nasal septal perforations. Successful surgical repair requires vascularized tissue flaps, interpositional tissue scaffolding, and tension-free closure. However, surgical techniques vary with the size of the defect, and there is no single universally effective procedure.
Computer representation of generic chemical structures by an extended block-cutpoint tree (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComputer representation of generic chemical structures by an extended block-cutpoint treeTakashi Nakayama and Yuzuru FujiwaraCite this: J. Chem. Inf. Comput. Sci. 1983, 23, 2, 80–87Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ci00038a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ci00038a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views39Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Development of a heavy-duty, flexible fuel (methanol-diesel) engine system (1996)

A single cylinder version of a prototype heavy-duty flexible fueled engine has been designed, built and demonstrated. The engine design can operate on any combination of methanol or diesel fuel using a common fuel injection/combustion system. The engine has successfully run on 100% methanol and 100% diesel at a thermal efficiency and power density equal to a conventional heavy duty diesel engine. In parallel with the engine development, a prototype fuel sensor system (which uses a capacitive type fuel sensor) has been developed. The sensor has demonstrated accuracy within {+-} 5% on a test bench. This paper summarizes the status of the prototype design and demonstration. The development to date continues to meet key milestones in demonstrating the technical viability of the heavy-duty flexible fuel engine concept.
Nonlinear Feedback Control and Stability Analysis of a Proof-of-Work Blockchain (2017)

In this paper a novel feedback controller and stability analysis of a blockchain implementation is developed by using a control engineering perspective. The controller output equals the difficulty adjustment in the mining process while the feedback variable is the average block time over a certain time period. The computational power (hash rate) of the miners is considered a disturbance in the model. The developed controller is tested against a simulation model with constant disturbance, step and ramp responses as well as with a high-frequency sinusoidal disturbance. Stability and a fast response is demonstrated in all these cases with a controller which adjusts it's output at every new block. Finally the performance of the controller is implemented and demonstrated on a testnet with a constant hash rate as well as on the mainnet of a public open source blockchain project.
Ineffectiveness of Ascorbic Acid Therapy in Nephropathic Cystinosis (1979)

Because high concentrations of ascorbic acid (0.57 mM) lower the free (nonprotein) cystine content of cultured cystinotic skin fibroblasts by over 50 per cent, we did a double-blind clinical trial to establish whether this drug would benefit cystinotic children. Sixty-four patients were randomized into the study; 32 received ascorbic acid (200 mg per kilogram of body weight per day), and 32 placebo. The study was terminated after approximately two years because there was no indication that vitamin C was beneficial and accumulating evidence that it might be harmful. Of 11 patients who left the study because of death or the requirement for dialysis or renal transplantation, eight were receiving ascorbic acid. The estimated relative risk (treatment vs. control) of an adverse event was R = 2.7, with a 90 per cent confidence interval of (0.8, 11.5). The serum creatinine concentration increased 0.53 mg per deciliter per year in patients receiving vitamin C and 0.24 mg per deciliter per year in patients receiving placebo (P = 0.08).
Optimal pitch in spiral computed tomography (1997)

The focus of this paper is to analytically optimize spiral/helical computed tomography (CT) protocols based on a simplified imaging model. Spiral CT was approximately modeled as follows: Using the half-scan raw data interpolation method, the variance of the spiral CT slice sensitivity profile is equal to the sum of squared detector collimation divided by 12 and squared table increment divided by 24. Image noise variance is inversely proportional to tube current and detector collimation. The maximum continuous scanning time is inversely proportional to tube current. Slice thickness, image noise, and signal-to-noise ratio were, respectively, optimized for a given scanning coverage, consistently resulting in pitch of square root of 2. To avoid longitudinal aliasing, at least 2-3 transverse slices should be reconstructed per collimation. When the simplified spiral CT model is valid and a scanning range specified, 1.4 pitch is required for optimal image quality. The method can be applied to more accurate spiral CT models.
Adherence and colonization properties of Lactobacillus rhamnosus TB1, a broiler chicken isolate (2005)

Lactobacillus rhamnosus TB1 was therefore showed to be able to adhere strongly in vitro to BMM and in vivo to intestinal epithelial cells of chicken and may be considered as a potential probiotic for chicken.
A Facile Synthesis of α-Chloro Enones by Oxidative Chlorination (1993)

The reaction of various α,β-unsaturated enones with hydrogen chloride and m-chloroperbenzoic acid in dimethylformamide at room temperature gave the corresponding α-chloro-α,β-unsaturated enones in good yields with high regioselectivity.
A psychophysical analysis of experiential factors that selectively influence the affective dimension of pain (1980)

A psychophysical analysis was made of experiential factors that influence the affective but not the sensory-discriminative dimension of pain. Seven subjects made cross-modality matching responses to several dimensions of their experience. Before each stimulus, they matched line lengths to their experienced desire to avoid pain (significance) and to their perceived likelihood of avoiding it (expectation). After each stimulus, they matched line lengths to perceived sensation intensity (in some sessions) or to felt magnitudes of positive or negative feeling (in other sessions). Non-noxious (35, 42 degrees C) and noxious (45--51 degrees C) skin temperature stimuli were randomly interspersed during each experimental session. Changes in expectation were induced by preceding one-half of the noxious stimuli with a warning signal. The average responses of these subjects indicated that 45--51 degrees C noxious temperatures were felt as less unpleasant when preceded by a warning signal. In contrast, sensation magnitudes evoked by these same skin temperatures were unaffected by the warning signal. Thus, only the magnitudes of unpleasant responses are lowered by decreasing ones' expectation of avoiding pain. Analysis of individual responses revealed two distinct patterns of response changes following presentation of the warning signal. Four subjects retained the same general goal of avoiding pain and reduced their expectation of avoiding it. Their affective responses were less unpleasant during the warning signal. The remaining three subjects primarily altered their goals and not their expectations on signaled trials. Their affective responses were not modified by the signal. Subjects were instructed to arrive at their affective responses in two ways. In one session, they compared the outcome of each stmulation with what they wanted to happen (affect-result responses). In the other session, they simply focused on the pleasantness or unpleasantness of each sensation as it was experienced (affect-process responses). All subjects' affect-result responses were more positive (or less unpleasant) than affect-process responses. All of these results underscore the critical influence of expectations and the manner in which one evaluates sensations on affective responses to noxious stimulation.