gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Chronic Kidney Disease Model: A General Purpose Model of Disease Progression and Treatment (2011)

The CKD Model is a valid, general purpose model intended as a resource to inform clinical and policy decisions improving CKD care. Its value as a tool is illustrated in our example which projects a relationship between decreasing cardiac disease and increasing ESRD.
Molecular Biology of the Cell (1990)

In an essentially interdisciplinary field the performed each year, but his will and ability cost of this desirable book could be shared
Structure of strand‐separted DNA in different environments studied by linear dichroism (1979)

Abstract We have studied the denaturation of DNA by linear dichroism (LD) techniques in the following systems: (1) in aqueous solution at low pH, (2) in 90% (w/w) ethylene glycol and in 90% glycerol solutions, and (3) in a matrix of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). We report that denatured DNA at low ionic strength can be oriented by shear forces in all these systems and that it exhibits positive LD with markedly varying LD/ A over the absorption band centered at 260 nm ( A being the ordinary absorbance) as compared to the negative LD with approximately constant LD/ A of ordinary native DNA. These results are interpreted in terms of a large tilt of the planes of the DNA bases. DNA adopts denatured forms in (1) aqueous solutions at pH < 3.5, (2) ethylene glycol and glycerol at low Na + concentrations, and (3) PVA after heating. If the denaturation is done in dry PVA, a complete re‐formation of the double helix is obtained after humidifying (60% w/w) the matrix. This shows that the matrix can keep the two strands in a position allowing a perfect fitting on reassociation. Previous attempts to determine any intrinsic LD of denatured DNA have failed, probably due to the fact that, unless a very low ionic strength is used, the flexibility of the single strands prevents the orientation required to give a detectable LD signal even with recently developed high‐sensitivity measurement techniques.
Decline of DNA damage and other biomarkers in peripheral blood following smoking cessation. (1995)

Serial samples from 40 heavy smokers ( > or = pack/day for > or = 1 year) enrolled in a smoking cessation program were assayed for cotinine, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH)-DNA, 4-aminobiphenyl-hemoglobin (4-ABP-Hb) adducts, and glycophorin A (GPA) mutations. Blood samples were taken while subjects were smoking, and 10 weeks and 8 and 14 months after quitting. Cotinine was used to assess compliance with the cessation protocol. A significant reduction in mean PAH-DNA and 4-ABP-Hb adducts was observed after cessation in all persons who were cotinine-verified quitters ( < or = 25 ng/ml) for > or = 8 months (P < 0.05). Neither the GPA N/phi nor the GPA N/N mutation Vf was significantly reduced after smoking cessation, but results are limited by the small number (n = 18) of heterozygous individuals studied. The substantial reduction (50-75%) in PAH-DNA and 4-ABP-Hb adduct levels after quitting indicates these carcinogen adducts are reflective of smoking. Passive exposure to smoke at home was significantly associated with PAH-DNA adducts in active smokers and in ex-smokers 10 weeks after quitting (P < 0.01). The estimated half-life of the PAH-DNA adducts in leukocytes is 9-13 weeks by inspection of the mean biomarker levels from baseline and 10 weeks sample and 23 (95% confidence interval, 10-36 weeks) using a linear regression model that adjusted for background.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
OSM: an Open Service Model for global information brokerage and distribution (1997)

From a commercial point of view, the vast amount of information on products and services available on the Internet is difficult, if not impossible to search. Descriptions of these offerings appear in all kinds of formats and in various locations. Searches are usually text-based, whereas semantic-based searches would be more appropriate. The OSM project is a European initiative to create an effective marketplace for products and services delivered through on-line systems. The OSM project introduces the concept of brokers; brokers are intermediates who act as matchmakers. Brokers aim to find the best conditions for their clients (consumers and providers) to make a deal in a commercial transaction. This is achieved by matching appropriate consumers with relevant providers. Brokers can also mediate and make the exchange of information between the participating parties quicker, cheaper and better. They help to overcome the limitations of direct negotiations between customers and suppliers. Agent technology is becoming more popular on distributed and on-line systems such as the WWW. The flexibility of agents makes them suitable for many applications. The main area of application of OSM would be electronic trading, including services such as electronic publishing, personalised news and information retrieval. New markets will present new opportunities in value-added services, brokerage centres and intermediate agencies. (5 pages)
Reminding Scientists of Their Civic Duties (2007)

The very wise former Congressman Sherwood Boehlert of the House Science Committee said, “If scientists are going to be more effective participants in the policy arena, they have to … learn more about the policy work” (“S&T Forum: States, industry play key role in U.S. innovation drive,” AAAS News and Notes, 25 May, p. [1140][1]). For over 40 years, I have been urging the scientific societies (like AAAS, American Chemical Society, American Physical Society, and Materials Research Society, to which I belong) to stop merely, again and again, berating the public's “scientific illiteracy” and turn all that energy to fixing the unbelievable policy illiteracy of scientists. For years I have tested this, in talks at largish audiences in society meetings. Over 90% typically admitted to not being able to name their two senators and congressperson. Very, very few recognized what the “House Science Committee” was or did.

“Physician (or physicist, chemist, biologist), heal thyself!” A regular clever quarter-page lesson on contemporary “civics” in Science might be a start and a recurring reminder of scientists' responsibilities as citizens.

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.316.5828.1140
Identification and Characterization of Carprofen as a Multitarget Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase/Cyclooxygenase Inhibitor (2012)

Pain and inflammation are major therapeutic areas for drug discovery. Current drugs for these pathologies have limited efficacy, however, and often cause a number of unwanted side effects. In the present study, we identify the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug carprofen as a multitarget-directed ligand that simultaneously inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1), COX-2, and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). Additionally, we synthesized and tested several derivatives of carprofen, sharing this multitarget activity. This may result in improved analgesic efficacy and reduced side effects (Naidu et al. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther.2009, 329, 48-56; Fowler, C. J.; et al. J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem.2012, in press; Sasso et al. Pharmacol. Res.2012, 65, 553). The new compounds are among the most potent multitarget FAAH/COX inhibitors reported so far in the literature and thus may represent promising starting points for the discovery of new analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs.
Intermodal Čerenkov radiation in a higher-order-mode fiber (2012)

We demonstrate an intermodal Čerenkov radiation effect in a higher-order-mode (HOM) fiber with a mode crossing (i.e., two guided modes having the same propagation constant at the same wavelength). A frequency-shifted soliton in the vicinity of the mode-crossing wavelength emits a phase-matched dispersive wave in a different propagation mode. We develop a theoretical explanation for this nonlinear optical effect and demonstrate that the mode crossing in HOM fibers can be utilized to achieve simultaneous wavelength and mode conversion; the strength of this intermodal nonlinear interaction can be tuned by controlled fiber bending.
Inversion of a guided optical vortex (2006)

We demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, the inversion of the topological charge of a vortex that propagates through an optical fiber. In our experiment, we couple the vortex to a two-mode fiber and we control the charge inversion by deformation of the optical fiber.
Total Synthesis of (+)-RK-286c, (+)-MLR-52, (+)-Staurosporine, and (+)-K252a (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTTotal Synthesis of (+)-RK-286c, (+)-MLR-52, (+)-Staurosporine, and (+)-K252aJohn L. Wood, Brian M. Stoltz, and Steven N. GoodmanView Author Information Sterling Chemistry Laboratory Department of Chemistry, Yale University New Haven, Connecticut 06520-8107 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 43, 10656–10657Publication Date (Web):October 30, 1996Publication History Received29 July 1996Published online30 October 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9626143https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9626143rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2504Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Chemical synthesis,Ketones,Organic reactions,Organic synthesis,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
High signal-to-noise ratio of a Cr-rich CoCrPt perpendicular medium with a large medium thickness (1997)

A Cr-rich (Co/sub 72/Cr/sub 28/)/sub 94/Pt/sub 6/ perpendicular medium with a large thickness of 300 nm, integrated with an MR head designed for longitudinal recording, achieved a high signal-to-noise ratio of 37 dB at 100 kFCI and a D/sub 50/ of 150 kFCI. A high Pt content of 17-22 at.% is effective for increasing the Hk value and signal amplitude at 10 kFCI, and for decreasing the write demagnetization. However, it also decreases the S/N at 100 kFCI and the D/sub 50/. The signal amplitude rapidly increases with the Pt content from 0 to 6 at.%, and saturates at around 6 at.%. This contributes to the high S/N obtained at a Pt content of 6-11 at.%. Compared with a longitudinal medium optimized for the same MR head, the proposed medium has a 2 dB higher S/N at 100 kFCI, a 1.3 times larger D/sub 50/, and a 1.5 times larger signal amplitude at 10 kFCI. The thickness of the medium will contribute to the thermal stability of magnetic bits at future high recording density of 10 Gbits/in/sup 2/ and beyond.
Upregulation of surface markers on dying thymocytes. (1995)

Using terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) to detect cells undergoing early apoptosis, we have defined the surface markers expressed on CD4+CD8+ thymocytes undergoing spontaneous or steroid-induced apoptosis in tissue culture. Some surface markers, e.g., CD4, CD8, and heat stable antigen, are downregulated on apoptotic thymocytes. Surprisingly, however, other markers are upregulated; this applies to T cell receptor beta/CD3, CD69, and CD25 expression. Upregulation of these markers is restricted to a discrete subset of apoptotic cells.
Limbic Kindling in the Forebrain‐Bisected Photosensitive Baboon, Papio papio (1984)

When forebrain-bisected photosensitive baboons, Papio papio, were kindled from the amygdala or hippocampus, bilateralization of convulsive seizure proved difficult, and the final stage of bisymmetrical and bisynchronous convulsive seizure unique to this species did not develop despite more than twice the number of kindling stimulations required for its development in nonbisected baboons. At the secondary site amygdala, convulsive seizure development was suppressed. Findings of the present and previous studies suggest that the corpus callosum plays: (a) a major, if not an exclusive, role in convulsive seizure bilateralization ; and (b) a critical role in the development of primarily generalized convulsive seizures unique to this epileptic baboon. Finally, in the absence of the corpus callosum (and the hippocampal commissure) the transhemisphere seizures suppressing effect generated by amygdaloid kindling appears to be mediated through the subcortical pathway which presumably exists in the brainstem.
Zero-Dimensional Cs<sub>4</sub>PbBr<sub>6</sub> Perovskite Nanocrystals (2017)

Perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) have become leading candidates for solution-processed optoelectronics applications. While substantial work has been published on 3-D perovskite phases, the NC form of the zero-dimensional (0-D) phase of this promising class of materials remains elusive. Here we report the synthesis of a new class of colloidal semiconductor NCs based on Cs<sub>4</sub>PbBr<sub>6</sub>, the 0-D perovskite, enabled through the design of a novel low-temperature reverse microemulsion method with 85% reaction yield. These 0-D perovskite NCs exhibit high photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) in the colloidal form (PLQY: 65%), and, more importantly, in the form of thin film (PLQY: 54%). Notably, the latter is among the highest values reported so far for perovskite NCs in the solid form. Our work brings the 0-D phase of perovskite into the realm of colloidal NCs with appealingly high PLQY in the film form, which paves the way for their practical application in real devices.
The Role of the <i>EST</i> Genes in Yeast Telomere Replication (2007)

We have recently completed a large mutant screen designed to identify new mutants of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with a telomerase-like defect. From this screen; 22 mutants were identified that mapped to three genes, called EST1, EST2 and EST3, as well as a novel EST-like mutation in a fourth gene, previously identified as CDC13. Mutations in each of these genes give rise to phenotypes that are indistinguishable from those observed when TLC1, encoding the yeast telomerase RNA, is deleted. In addition, genetic analysis indicates that all four genes function in the same pathway for telomere replication as defined by TLC1, the one known component of telomerase. This indicates that these genes encode factors that are essential in vivo for telomerase function. Genetic and biochemical analyses have shown that EST1 and CDC13 encode single-stranded telomeric DNA-binding proteins, suggesting that these two proteins may function to mediate access of telomerase to the end of the telomere.
Mesenchymal stromal cells cross-present soluble exogenous antigens as part of their antigen-presenting cell properties (2009)

Recent studies involving bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) demonstrated that interferon (IFN)-gamma stimulation induces major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II-mediated antigen presentation in MSCs both in vitro and in vivo. Concordantly, we investigated the ability of MSCs to present extracellular antigen through their MHC class I molecules, a process known as cross-presentation. Using an in vitro antigen presentation assay, we demonstrated that murine MSCs can cross-present soluble ovalbumin (OVA) to naive CD8(+) T cells from OT-I mice. Cross-presentation by MSC was proteasome dependent and partly dependent on transporter associated with antigen-processing molecules. Pretreatment of MSC with IFN-gamma increased cross-presentation by up-regulating antigen processing and presentation. However, although the transcription of the transporter associated with antigen processing-1 molecules and the immunoproteasome subunit LMP2 induced by IFN-gamma was inhibited by transforming growth factor-beta, the overall cross-presentation capacity of MSCs remained unchanged after transforming growth factor-beta treatment. These observations were validated in vivo by performing an immune reconstitution assay in beta(2)-microglobulin(-/-) mice and show that OVA cross-presentation by MSCs induces the proliferation of naive OVA-specific CD8(+) T cells. In conclusion, we demonstrate that MSCs can cross-present exogenous antigen and induce an effective CD8(+) T-cell immune response, a property that could be exploited as a therapeutic cell-based immune biopharmaceutic for the treatment of cancer or infectious diseases.
EXERCISING TESTING IN ADULT NORMAL SUBJECTS AND CARDIAC PATIENTS (1963)

1. Several approaches to assessment of physical work capacity in the upright posture in normal adults and cardiac patients have been reviewed critically. 2. Preliminary experience has been presented with a new multistage treadmill test of maximal exercise which permits appraisal of either a physically trained normal subject or an impaired but ambulatory cardiac patient. 3. The most effective means of differentiating cardiacs from normals has been an estimate of the total oxygen intake/Kg of body weight. 4. The need for monitoring the circulation with respect to arrhythmias, ischemia and/or hypotension has been emphasized. The authors wish to acknowledge their appreciation of many physicians, particularly Dr. Robert M. Levenson of the Seattle Cardiac Work Evaluation Clinic, and medical and graduate students who have assisted in the testing of patients and normals. The assistance of Mrs. Gladys Pettet is gratefully acknowledged also.
Device-centric spectrum management (2005)

Efficient spectrum allocation in open spectrum systems is a challenging problem, particularly for devices with constrained communication resources such as sensor and mobile ad hoc networks. We propose a device-centric spectrum management scheme with low communication costs, where users observe local interference patterns and act independently according to preset spectrum rules. We propose five rules that tradeoff performance with implementation complexity and communication costs, and derive a lower bound on each user's allocation based on these rules. Experimental results show that our proposed rule-based approach reduces communication costs from efficient collaborative approaches by a factor of 3-4 while providing good performance
Employers' preferences for academic letter recommendations from computer information systems graduates (2004)

A survey was done with 72 corporations to find out the value of professor's reference letters. The null hypothesis was corporations value reference letters from Computer Information Systems (CIS) professors, Business professors, and Humanities & Arts professors equally. Job skills (CIS) and people skills (Humanities & Arts) were considered equally important. Results from a Friedman Test reject the null hypothesis. A Sign Test on multiple comparisons indicated that employers valued professors' reference letters in the following order: CIS, Business, then Humanities & Arts. Future research needs to be done to see if employers value CIS reference letters stressing people skills greater then letters stressing job skills and knowledge.
Cell Therapy for Salivary Gland Regeneration (2011)

There are still no effective therapies for hyposalivation caused by irradiation. In our previous study, bone marrow stem cells can be transdifferentiated into acinar-like cells in vitro. Therefore, we hypothesized that transplantation with bone marrow stem cells or acinar-like cells may help functional regeneration of salivary glands. Bone marrow stem cells were labeled with nanoparticles and directly co-cultured with acinar cells to obtain labeled acinar-like cells. In total, 140 severely combined immune-deficiency mice were divided into 4 groups for cell therapy experiments: (1) normal mice, (2) mice receiving irradiation around their head-and-neck areas; (3) mice receiving irradiation and intra-gland transplantation with labeled stem cells; and (4) mice receiving irradiation and intra-gland transplantation with labeled acinar-like cells. Our results showed that salivary glands damaged due to irradiation can be rescued by cell therapy with either bone marrow stem cells or acinar-like cells for recovery of saliva production, body weight, and gland weight. Transdifferentiation of bone marrow stem cells into acinar-like cells in vivo was also noted. This study demonstrated that cell therapy with bone marrow stem cells or acinar-like cells can help functional regeneration of salivary glands, and that acinar-like cells showed better therapeutic potentials than those of bone marrow stem cells.
Development of kW-Scale Protonic Ceramic Fuel Cells and Systems (2019)

Recent progress in the performance of intermediate temperature (500–600°C) protonic ceramic fuel cells (PCFCs) has demonstrated both fuel ﬂexibility and increasing power density that approach commercial application requirements. Under the U.S. DOE ARPA-E REBELS program, the Colorado School of Mines (Mines), in collaboration with Fuel Cell Energy (FCE), is developing durable, kW-scale PCFC stacks and system concepts. Results from cell scale-up efforts are reviewed. Several cells have been tested for over 6,000 hours, and we demonstrate excellent performance and exceptional durability (<1.5%/1,000 hours in most cases) across all fuels without any modifications in the cell composition or architecture. The success of scale-up efforts towards commercially viable, kW-scale cell platforms is given, inclusive of short stack test results. System-level work shows that trade-offs between lower cell power densities (due to lower operating temperature), lower-cost materials, manufacturing processes, and balance-of-stack components exist which can offer competitive advantage for PCFCs in various stationary power applications.
Novel Method of Forming Human Embryoid Bodies in a Polystyrene Dish Surface-Coated with a Temperature-Responsive Methylcellulose Hydrogel (2007)

A temperature-responsive hydrogel composed of aqueous methylcellulose (MC) blended with distinct concentrations of PBS was prepared and characterized. The developed MC hydrogel underwent a sol-gel reversible transition upon heating or cooling at approximately 32 degrees C. This temperature-responsive hydrogel was employed to coat the surface of a polystyrene dish and used to cultivate human embryonic stem (hES) cell clumps for the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) in liquid suspension culture (LSC-MC/PS). The conventional hanging drop culture (HDC) and LSC in the uncoated polystyrene dish (LSC-PS) or in the Corning Ultralow-Attachment plate (LSC-ULAP) were used as controls. The results indicated that LSC-PS failed to generate EBs in an efficient manner, whereas the efficiencies of EB formation observed in LSC-ULAP and LSC-MC/PS were significantly greater than in HDC. The hES cells within the EBs were shown to express molecular markers specific for representative cells from the three embryonic germ layers. These results indicated that the MC-coated dish can be used to produce a large scale of hES cell derivatives through the formation of EBs.