gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assay of phenobarbital with an ion-selective electrode (1977)

<p>We report on a search for the neutral and charged Higgs bosons predicted by models of spontaneous symmetry breaking with more than one Higgs doublet field. No signals are observed. We set model-independent limits on masses or branching ratios of singly and pair-produced neutral and charged Higgs bosons. In addition, we interpret our results in the framework of a general two-doublet Higgs model and the Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model.</p>
Embedded software verification: challenges and solutions (2008)

Embedded software are becoming more and more pervasive in our lives, and many application domains have very high reliability requirements. Ensuring high software quality while still maintaining software productivity is a challenging task. In order to address this challenge, more formal analysis and automated verification techniques are needed in addition to standard software testing.In this tutorial, we will showcase the important ideas and techniques of software formal verification, including static program analysis, program modeling and (bounded) model checking, and predicate abstraction refinement. We will emphasize some of the key techniques that have been successfully adopted by recent, industrial-strength software verification tools. In this tutorial, we will focus on detecting bugs in sequential programs written in C/C++ for portable devices as well as for general purpose platforms.The tutorial will be tailored to the ICCAD audience by emphasizing the use of decision procedures such as BDDs, Presburger arithmetic, bit-vector arithmetic, SAT and SMT solvers. Many of these techniques have been used in the context of analyzing, optimizing, and verifying IC designs.By attending this tutorial, the audience will get a better understanding of the challenges and potential solutions of embedded software verification.
Engineering an Anti-Transferrin Receptor ScFv for pH-Sensitive Binding Leads to Increased Intracellular Accumulation (2015)

The equilibrium binding affinity of receptor-ligand or antibody-antigen pairs may be modulated by protonation of histidine side-chains, and such pH-dependent mechanisms play important roles in biological systems, affecting molecular uptake and trafficking. Here, we aimed to manipulate cellular transport of single-chain antibodies (scFvs) against the transferrin receptor (TfR) by engineering pH-dependent antigen binding. An anti-TfR scFv was subjected to histidine saturation mutagenesis of a single CDR. By employing yeast surface display with a pH-dependent screening pressure, scFvs having markedly increased dissociation from TfR at pH 5.5 were identified. The pH-sensitivity generally resulted from a central cluster of histidine residues in CDRH1. When soluble, pH-sensitive, scFv clone M16 was dosed onto live cells, the internalized fraction was 2.6-fold greater than scFvs that lacked pH-sensitive binding and the increase was dependent on endosomal acidification. Differences in the intracellular distribution of M16 were also observed consistent with an intracellular decoupling of the scFv M16-TfR complex. Engineered pH-sensitive TfR binding could prove important for increasing the effectiveness of TfR-targeted antibodies seeking to exploit endocytosis or transcytosis for drug delivery purposes.
Stretch-related changes in lung cAMP after partial pneumonectomy (1989)

In rats, left pneumonectomy (PNX) initiates rapid compensatory hyperplastic growth of the right lung. Previous work indicated that increased polyamine uptake associated with post-PNX distortion or "stretch" of the remaining tissue and altered adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) metabolism may play a role in the early phase of the growth response. Evidence was sought to link these observations with the goal of understanding control of compensatory growth. At day 1 or 3 after left PNX in vivo, increased right lung cAMP was associated with activation of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKa). Total PKa activity was unaffected, but the PKa activity ratio (-cAMP/+cAMP) doubled, providing evidence for PNX-associated activation of the kinase in vivo. Neither cAMP nor PKa was altered in sham-operated control lungs. To determine whether increased distension of the right lung after PNX might initiate these changes, lungs of unoperated animals were perfused 40 min in vitro, either without ventilation or with a distending constant positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 20 cmH2O. CPAP rapidly increased uptake of the polyamine spermidine (SPD; 1.5 microM), tissue cAMP, and the PKa activity ratio, in a manner similar to that observed after PNX. Both tissue cAMP and the kinase activity ratio increased with 1 microM forskolin (FSK), as expected, but SPD uptake was unaffected by FSK. FSK did not diminish the CPAP-associated elevations of SPD uptake (P less than 0.01) or cAMP (P less than 0.05), but the kinase was not further activated by CPAP with FSK present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation of Excitation Light Sources for Incident Immunofluorescence Microscopy (1975)

A variety of fluorescent excitation light sources were compared using a standard fluorescein solution or a bacterial conjugate with immunofluorescent microscopy. Quantitative data were obtained with microscope photometric apparatus. Both the quantitative data and comparative conjugate titering suggest that the 450-W xenon arc excited significantly more fluorescence than did the more commonly used 250-W mercury arc or the 100-W halogen lamp. The conjugate could be diluted 4 to 32 times more using the 450-W xenon. Additional advantages of 450-W xenon excitation include sufficient energy of wave lengths between 470 to 490 mm, thus permitting narrow-band excitation resulting in less autofluorescence and the ability to perform fluorescent-antibody procedures without the darkening of ambient room light.
The intracellular polymerization of sickle hemoglobin and its relevance to sickle cell disease (1981)

In the last few years, the understanding of the molecular basis of sickle cell disease has progressed rapidly. It is now possible to describe the structure of the gel of polymerized deoxyhemoglobin S at molecular and atomic levels and to begin to understand the mechanism of formation of this gel from hemoglobin solutions. There are several current hypotheses for the pathophysiology of this disease based on molecular as well as cellular studies. Recently, it has become possible to measure the amounts of polymerized hemoglobin within erythrocyte populations and thereby demonstrate the existence of polymer in cells at very high oxygen saturation values. This unexpectedly low solubility of deoxyhemoglobin S in sickle erythrocytes can be largely accounted for by the theory of protein nonideality, with some contribution from cell heterogeneity. These results show that hemoglobin S in the erythrocyte behaves as it does in very concentrated hemoglobin solutions. There are strong indications, for both SS and AS cells, of the existence of cells with significant amounts of polymerized deoxyhemoglobin S but without morphological deformation (sickling). On the basis of these and other results, two models relating these biophysical findings to pathophysiology are discussed. First, it is likely that with deoxygenation there is a continuum of cellular changes. Initially, small amounts of polymer form; only with severe and prolonged deoxygenation do large domains of highly ordered, polymerized hemoglobin form in the erythrocyte and cause it to sickle. Second, we combine this model of cellular changes with information from rheologic studies to suggest an alternate model for the pathophysiology of the disease. We postulate that flexibility, governed by the amount and alignment of intracellular polymer, is the principal determinant of the flow of sickle erythrocytes. While cells that have large amounts of ordered polymer may be caught in the capillaries and venules, some cells at relatively high oxygen saturation, with polymer but no deformation, may have difficulty traversing the constriction of the precapillary arterioles. The implications of these recent molecular and cellular studies, as well as of the several models, for the therapy of sickle cell disease are discussed. In general, our analysis suggests that a therapeutically effective strategy is feasible and that certain approaches seem particularly propitious.
Compendium of Apple and Pear Diseases (1990)

compendium of apple and pear diseases , compendium of apple and pear diseases , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Equilibrium phase MR angiography of the aortic arch and abdominal vasculature with the blood pool contrast agent CMD-A2-Gd-DOTA in pigs (1999)

Meglumine-carboxymethyldextran-ethylenediamino-gadoterate (CMD-A2-Gd-DOTA) was evaluated as a blood pool contrast agent for magnetic resonance angiography (MRA). MRA of large body vasculature was performed in seven pigs using a gradient-echo sequence at 1.5 T before and after 0.05 mmol/kg CMD-A2-Gd-DOTA injection. The signal- and contrast-to-noise ratios (SNRs, CNRs) were measured, as well as the pharmacokinetic clearance pattern. CMD-A2-Gd-DOTA visualized the vasculature with a high SNR and CNR for over 110 minutes after injection, but for the renal arteries the CNR was only significant within 15 minutes. Image quality was maximum within 15 minutes, producing enhancement (mean +/- SD) as follows: aortic arch 738 +/- 272%, abdominal aorta 393 +/- 123%, left renal artery 202 +/- 95%, right renal artery 248 +/- 107%, inferior vena cava 371 +/- 129%, and portal vein 513 +/- 145%, all P values < or =0.001. The clearance pattern was triphasic. Due to the excellent enhancement of vasculature without background enhancement, CMD-A2-Gd-DOTA is potentially a useful MR blood pool contrast agent for equilibrium phase MRA.
Polymorphism of cocoa butter (1966)

Abstract Largely by x‐ray diffraction six crystalline states, I舑VI, in order of increasing melting point, have been identified for cocoa butter. Of these states II, IV, V and VI are pure and identifiable with previously (or presently) identified polymorphs of 2‐oleoylpalmitoyl stearin (POS), namely ॅ ‐2, ॆ艂 ‐2, ॆ ‐3 (舠V舡) and ॆ ‐3 (舠VI舡); V and VI representing distinct but very closely related crystalline structures. State I is a definite but fleeting and not readily characterized sub ॅ state and may be a phase mixture, as state III may be also. Melting points, heats of fusion and dilatometric data are reported for all states to the extent that their stability permits. The normal state of cocoa butter in chocolate is apparently V, certainly ॆ ‐3. While it is true that 舠bloom舡 has not been observed for pure V nor observed to exist in the absence of VI, it is premature to say that VI is specifically the phase of chocolate 舠bloom舡.
Platelet αIIbβ3 recombinant autoantibodies from the B‐cell repertoire of a post‐transfusion purpura patient (2002)

The biallelic human platelet alloantigen (HPA) 1 system encodes a leucine to proline substitution at position 33 in the beta3 integrin. Homozygous individuals can be immunized by the non-self allele-encoded protein following transfusion or during pregnancy. In post-transfusion purpura (PTP), a subsequent recall alloantibody response against the non-self form of beta3 is paralleled by the destruction of autologous platelets, leading to profound thrombocytopenia. Although serological evidence suggests platelet autoantibodies are responsible, such autoantibodies are poorly defined. We used variable gene phage display to isolate alphaIIbbeta3 autoantibodies formed in the acute phase of PTP and determined the epitopes recognized. An immunoglobulin G (IgG)-encoded variable heavy-chain domain (VH) gene repertoire containing 4.7 x 10(7) single-chain Fv fragments was cloned and three alphaIIbbeta3 antibodies were isolated (clones 2F2, E3 and B12). All three used different VH genes with a low level of somatic mutation for genes derived from gamma-encoding mRNA. Two (2F2 and E3) recognized an overlapping epitope and their binding was inhibited by sera from patients with PTP; all three recognized Ca2+-dependent compound epitopes on alphaIIbbeta3. Our results support the theory that a transient loss of tolerance for alphaIIbbeta3 with autoantibody formation occurs in PTP.
Survival of Listeria monocytogenes in milk during high-temperature, short-time pasteurization (1987)

Milk from cows inoculated with Listeria monocytogenes was pooled for 2 to 4 days and then heated at 71.7 to 73.9 degrees C for 16.4 s or at 76.4 to 77.8 degrees C for 15.4 s in a high-temperature, short-time plate heat exchanger pasteurization unit. L. monocytogenes was isolated from milk after heat treatment in six of nine pasteurization trials done at 71.7 to 73.9 degrees C and in none of three trials done at 76.4 to 77.8 degrees C. An average of 1.5 to 9.2 L. monocytogenes cells was seen in each milk polymorphonuclear leukocyte before heat treatment in 11 of 12 pasteurization trials. Noticeable degradation of leukocytes with intracellular listeria was detected in unpasteurized milk after 3 days of storage at 4 degrees C, and by 4 days of storage leukocytes had deteriorated to cellular debris, suggesting that holding unpasteurized milk refrigerated for 4 or more days would eliminate a protective effect leukocytes may provide for increasing heat resistance of L. monocytogenes. Results indicate that under the conditions of this study, L. monocytogenes can survive the minimum high-temperature, short-time treatment (71.7 degrees C, 15 s) required by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for pasteurizing milk.
Generation of Multiple Reporter Ions from a Single Isobaric Reagent Increases Multiplexing Capacity for Quantitative Proteomics (2015)

Isobaric labeling strategies for mass spectrometry-based proteomics enable multiplexed simultaneous quantification of samples and therefore substantially increase the sample throughput in proteomics. However, despite these benefits, current limits to multiplexing capacity are prohibitive for large sample sizes and impose limitations on experimental design. Here, we introduce a novel mechanism for increasing the multiplexing density of isobaric reagents. We present Combinatorial Isobaric Mass Tags (CMTs), an isobaric labeling architecture with the unique ability to generate multiple series of reporter ions simultaneously. We demonstrate that utilization of multiple reporter ion series improves multiplexing capacity of CMT with respect to a commercially available isobaric labeling reagent with preserved quantitative accuracy and depth of coverage in complex mixtures. We provide a blueprint for the realization of 16-plex reagents with 1 Da spacing between reporter ions and up to 28-plex at 6 mDa spacing using only 5 heavy isotopes per reagent. We anticipate that this improvement in multiplexing capacity will further advance the application of quantitative proteomics, particularly in high-throughput screening assays.
CHEMICAL MEANS FOR PREVENTION OF ACCUMULATION OF ICE, SNOW, AND SLUSH ON RUNWAYS (1965)

The objective of this contract was to develop a mixture capable of melting snow, ice, and slush at temperatures as low as -10F. Two surviving candidate mixtures were demonstrated as easily prepared in simple, standard mixing equipment, and their storage characteristics as free flowing granules determined at two temperature extremes. The application rate to produce melting at -10F was quite nominal (2 oz/sq ft), and the compositions had at most slight spalling effect on concrete. The prime candidate for runway deicing has the following composition: Tripotassium phosphate 75% - formamide 25%. A second combination proved outstanding for preventive corrosion of steel not under the potentially high stress of landing gear. Quite suitable for road or highway usage was calcium chloride to which was added 1% by weight of Emulsifier STH. This composition retained all its ice-melting qualities with marked corrosion control.
Switching Characteristics of Nanowire Feedback Field-Effect Transistors with Nanocrystal Charge Spacers on Plastic Substrates (2014)

In this study, we demonstrate the abruptly steep-switching characteristics of a feedback field-effect transistor (FBFET) with a channel consisting of a p(+)-i-n(+) Si nanowire (NW) and charge spacers of discrete nanocrystals on a plastic substrate. The NW FBFET shows superior switching characteristics such as an on/off current ratio of ∼10(5) and an average subthreshold swing (SS) of 30.2 mV/dec at room temperature. Moreover, the average SS and threshold voltage values can be adjusted by programming. These sharp switching characteristics originate from a positive feedback loop generated by potential barriers in the intrinsic channel area. This paper describes in detail the switching mechanism of our device.
Characterization of Mbb1, a nucleus-encoded tetratricopeptide-like repeat protein required for expression of the chloroplast <i>psbB</i> / <i>psbT</i> / <i>psbH</i> gene cluster in <i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i> (2000)

Genetic analysis has revealed that the accumulation of several chloroplast mRNAs of the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii requires specific nucleus-encoded functions. To gain insight into this process, we have cloned the nuclear gene encoding the Mbb1 factor by genomic rescue of a mutant specifically deficient in the accumulation of the mRNAs of the psbB/psbT/psbH chloroplast transcription unit. Mbb1 is a soluble protein in the stromal phase of the chloroplast. It consists of 662 amino acids with a putative chloroplast-transit peptide at its N-terminal end. A striking feature is the presence of 10 tandemly arranged tetratricopeptide-like repeats that account for half of the protein sequence and are thought to be involved in protein-protein interactions. The Mbb1 protein seems to have a homologue in higher plants and is part of a 300-kDa complex that is associated with RNA. This complex is most likely involved in psbB mRNA processing, stability, and/or translation.
An Alternative New Route to Perfluorovinylamines. Pyrolysis of an Alkali Metal Salt of Perfluoro(3-dialkylamino-propionic acids) (1989)

Abstract An alternative new route to give various kinds of perfluorovinylamines is described, which involves a pyrolysis of an alkali metal salt of perfluoro(3-dialkylamino-propionic acids) instead of using that of perfluoro(2-dialkylamino-propionic acids).
Behavioral Correlates of Political Support (1977)

Theories of the behavioral consequences of political support coincide in the prediction that political support will correlate positively with indices of conventional behavior, negatively with indices of unconventional behavior. Survey data drawn from three communities in the Federal Republic of Germany show that an index of support for the structure of political authority is negatively correlated both with an index of actual participation in aggressive political behavior and with an index of participation in conventional electoral/pressure-group politics. Since the political behavior indices are themselves positively correlated, it is useful to construct a typology which differentiates between “pure” types – no participation, participation only in conventional, participation only in aggressive – and “mixed” types – participation in conventional and moderately aggressive, participation in conventional and highly aggressive. When the relationship between political support and the political-action type index is examined, it turns out that two of the types are associated with medium political support, while four of them occur at low support. To achieve more accurate explanation of types of political behavior, a model for prediction of each action type is proposed, taking into account interaction between political support, sense of personal political influence, and belief in the efficacy of past collective political aggression. The test of the model yields positive results, suggesting that it represents a fruitful beginning toward development of a theory of behavioral consequences of political support.
3D video assessment with Just Noticeable Difference in Depth evaluation (2010)

The ability to provide a realistic perception of depth is the core added functionality of modern 3D video display systems. At present, there is no standard method to assess the perception of depth in 3D video. Existence of such methods would immensely enhance the progression of 3D video research. This paper focuses on the depth perception assessment in color plus depth representation of 3D video. In this paper, we subjectively evaluate the depth perceived by the users on an auto stereoscopic display, and analyze its variation with the impairments introduced during the compression of the depth images. The variation of the subjective perception of depth is explained based on another evaluation that is carried out to identify the Just Noticeable Difference in Depth (JNDD) perceived by the subjects. The JNDD corresponds to the sensitivity of the observers to the changes in depth in a 3D video scene. Even though only the effects of compression artifacts are considered in this paper, the proposed assessment technique, based on the JNDD values can be used in any future depth perception assessment work.
Strong reducing agents containing dimolybdenum Mo24+ units and their oxidized cations with Mo25+/6+ cores stabilized by bicyclic guanidinate anions with a seven-membered ring (2006)

The syntheses of two analogues of the bicyclic guanidinate ligand hpp (hpp = the anion of the guanidine-type compound 1,3,4,6,7,8-hexahydro-2H-pyrimido[1,2a]pyrimidine) which contain two fused rings are reported. Each compound contains one seven-membered ring while the other is either a five (Htbd) or a six (Htbu) membered ring. In THF/Bu4NPF6, the dimolybdenum compounds Mo2(tbd)4 and Mo2(tbu)4 are easily oxidized and they have signals in the differential pulse voltammograms at -1.059 and -1.009 V (vs. Ag/AgCl), respectively and for the Mo2(5+/6+) couples and in the same order -0.242 and -0.312 V for the Mo2(6+/5+) couples. The two compounds produce the corresponding Mo2(bicyclic guanidinate)4Cl compounds immediately upon dissolution in CH2Cl2 and these easily form species with Mo2(6+) cores. In Mo2(tbd)4Cl there are two crystallographically independent molecules with Mo-Mo distances of 2.1711(7) and 2.1690(7) A. The distance between metal atoms increases to 2.206(1) A upon oxidation to Mo2(tbd)4Cl2 which has a triply bonded Mo2(6+) core. For the diamagnetic compound Mo2(tbu)4 this distance is 2.0677(9) A and it increases to 2.133(2) A upon reduction of the bond order from 4 to 3.5 in the paramagnetic compound Mo2(tbu)4Cl.
Sutureless intrascleral intraocular lens fixation with lamellar dissection of scleral tunnel (2016)

The lamellar dissection of the limbus-parallel scleral tunnel can simplify the forceps-assisted introduction of the haptics into the scleral tunnel, and this technique seemed to be safe.
Tissue Classification Using Ultrasound-Induced Variations in Acoustic Backscattering Features (2012)

Ultrasound (US) radio-frequency (RF) time series is an effective tissue classification method that enables accurate cancer diagnosis, but the mechanisms underlying this method are not completely understood. This paper presents a model to describe the variations in tissue temperature and sound speed that take place during the RF time series scanning procedures and relate these variations to US backscattering. The model was used to derive four novel characterization features. These features were used to classify three animal tissues, and they obtained accuracies as high as 88.01%. The performance of the proposed features was compared with RF time series features proposed in a previous study. The results indicated that the US-induced variations in tissue temperature and sound speed, which were used to derive the proposed features, were important contributors to the tissue typing capabilities of the RF time series. Simulations carried out to estimate the heating induced during the scanning procedure employed in this study showed temperature rises lower than 2 °C. The model and results presented in this paper can be used to improve the RF time series.