gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Semseyite from Dumfriesshire (1919)

Early in the year 1918 Mr. Atehur Russell picked up at the old antimony-lead mine at Glendilming in Eskdale, Dumfriesshire, Ipecimens of the antimony-lead ore Jound there, in which were small cavities lined with a drusy layer of mimlte crystals; these, being markedly deeper in eolour than the stibnite forming part of some of the specimens, belonged to a different species, and probably a sulphantimonite of lead. Mr. Russell blought some of the specimens to the Museum, and some of the small crystals were examined with the view of determining the species to which they belong.
Angle-dispersive neutron diffraction under high pressure to 10GPa (2005)

We present a method which allows high-quality powder neutron diffraction patterns to be obtained under pressure by angle-dispersive diffraction to at least 10GPa. This technique uses a new type of Paris–Edinburgh press in conjunction with sintered boron nitride anvils. As an example, we show NiO diffraction patterns obtained under purely hydrostatic pressures up to 10GPa. These data were collected within a few hours, and are free from any contaminating signal from the pressure cell. High-resolution nuclear and magnetic structural information can be readily extracted by Rietveld refinements, without additional data correction. This technique will allow powder neutron diffraction at elevated pressures to become a standard tool on continuous neutron facilities.
Clinical performance of an automated reader in interpreting malaria rapid diagnostic tests in Tanzania (2013)

The sensitivity and specificity of the Deki Reader in interpretation of SD RDTs were comparable to previous reports and showed high agreement to visual interpretation (>98%). The results of the study reflect the situation in real practice and show good performance characteristics of Deki Reader on interpreting malaria RDTs in the hands of local laboratory technicians. They also suggest that a system like this could provide great benefits to the health care system. Further studies to look at ease of use by community health workers, and cost benefit of the system are warranted.
50-Gb/s Direct Modulation of a 1.3-μm InGaAlAs-Based DFB Laser With a Ridge Waveguide Structure (2013)

We demonstrate 50-Gb/s direct modulation by using 1.3-μm distributed-feedback lasers with a ridge waveguide structure. We employed InGaAlAs material for a multiple-quantum well to obtain a low damping factor <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">K</i> , and fabricated a ridge waveguide structure buried in benzocyclobutene to realize a structure with a low parasitic capacitance. In addition, to obtain high maximum frequency relaxation oscillations fr, we designed the cavity length <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</i> ), and achieved a 3-dB-down frequency bandwidth of 34 GHz. We realized 50-Gb/s clear eye openings with a back-to-back configuration, and achieved a mean output power of over 5.0 dBm, and a dynamic extinction ratio of 4.5 dB. We measured the 50-Gb/s transmission characteristics, and obtained clear eye openings for transmissions over 20-, 40-, and 60-km single-mode fibers (SMF). We also measured the bit-error-rate performance, and obtained an error-free operation and a power penalty of less than 0.5 dB after a 10-km SMF transmission.
Simple method for the calculation of heat capacities of liquid mixtures (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple method for the calculation of heat capacities of liquid mixturesAmyn S. TejaCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1983, 28, 1, 83–85Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00031a025https://doi.org/10.1021/je00031a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7377Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Induction of marked apoptosis in mammalian cancer cell lines by antisense DNA treatment to abolish expression of DENN (differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells) (2002)

We previously reported the isolation of the novel human DENN gene, which is differentially expressed in normal and neoplastic cells. DENN is identical to MADD (mitogen-activated protein kinase-activating death domain), which interacts with tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 through their death domains. DENN is also homologous to Rab3 GEP, a rat Rab3 GDP/GTP exchange protein. Real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis showed that DENN expression in cancer cell lines was 26-50 times that in normal cells. The Jurkat human leukemia, PLC/PRF/5 human hepatoma, and NS-1 mouse myeloma cell lines as well as the MRC-5 human fetal lung and Vero monkey kidney cell lines were treated successfully with four separate DENN-targeted antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) to abrogate DENN expression. Quantitative assessment of cell viability and apoptosis by flow cytometry via fluorescein diacetate and propidium iodide membrane-integrity tests, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine 5-triphosphate-biotin nick end-labeling, and annexin V assays showed that antisense silencing of DENN resulted in markedly more pronounced cell death in cancer cells compared with nonmalignant cells. Antisense-treated cell lines exhibited extensive loss of DNA content, forming distinct sub-G(1) peaks, while cell proliferation diminished significantly. Ultrastructural features of programmed cell death in cells subjected to antisense ODNs were authenticated by electron microscopy. In contrast, transfection of cell lines with a plasmid construct to achieve DENN overexpression augmented cellular proliferation and could reverse the apoptotic effect of antisense and staurosporine treatment. Our findings suggest that DENN is intimately involved in anti-apoptotic and cell-survival processes.
Plasmid-encoded lysostaphin endopeptidase gene of Staphylococcus simulans biovar staphylolyticus (1987)

A 12.2-kilobase (kb) BclI fragment containing the lysostaphin endopeptidase gene was cloned from Staphylococcus simulans biovar staphylolyticus into Escherichia coli. The gene was expressed in E. coli and the gene product apparently was secreted into the periplasmic space. The gene was localized to a 3.3-kb region of the cloned fragment and this region was shown to contain a staphylococcal promoter for the endopeptidase gene. By hybridization analysis, the endopeptidase gene was shown to reside on the largest of five plasmids in S. simulans biovar staphylolyticus. No additional copies of this gene were detected in the genome.
Stereo vision-based obstacle avoidance for micro air vehicles using disparity space (2014)

We address obstacle avoidance for outdoor flight of micro air vehicles. The highly textured nature of outdoor scenes enables camera-based perception, which will scale to very small size, weight, and power with very wide, two-axis field of regard. In this paper, we use forward-looking stereo cameras for obstacle detection and a downward-looking camera as an input to state estimation. For obstacle representation, we use image space with the stereo disparity map itself. We show that a C-space-like obstacle expansion can be done with this representation and that collision checking can be done by projecting candidate 3-D trajectories into image space and performing a z-buffer-like operation with the disparity map. This approach is very efficient in memory and computing time. We do motion planning and trajectory generation with an adaptation of a closed-loop RRT planner to quadrotor dynamics and full 3D search. We validate the performance of the system with Monte Carlo simulations in virtual worlds and flight tests of a real quadrotor through a grove of trees. The approach is designed to support scalability to high speed flight and has numerous possible generalizations to use other polar or hybrid polar/Cartesian representations and to fuse data from additional sensors, such as peripheral optical flow or radar.
GASTROINTESTINAL FINDINGS IN AUTISTIC CHILDREN: HYPERSECRETORY RESPONSE TO SECRETIN PREDICTS BEHAVIORAL IMPROVEMENT. (1998)

53 Aim. Little is known about gastrointestinal problems in children with autistic behavior, although parents frequently report chronic diarrhea, loose and foul smelling stools, toileting problems and unexplained discomfort/aggressive behavior. Our aim was to evaluate a group of children with these symptoms. Methods. 13 low-functioning autistic boys (age 2-7 yrs) with significant behavioral and communication problems were included in this study. They underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy under general anesthesia with biopsies, intestinal and pancreatic enzyme measurements and duodenal fluid cultures. The pancreatic and biliary secretion was stimulated with intravenous secretin. Blood specimens were obtained prior to and after secretin administration for gastrointestinal peptide hormone measurements. Results. 10 children had chronic diarrhea with negative stool tests, one had hemoccult positive stools and five had irritability/abdominal discomfort. 7 had endoscopic and histologic evidence of mild/moderate reflux esophagitis. 2 had low lactase and one low maltase activity. None of the evaluated children had evidence of intestinal yeast overgrowth although an urine organic acid analysis suggested this possibility. Four children had a hypersecretory response to secretin (7-10ml/min output) and there was a significant amelioration of their gastrointestinal symptoms as well as a dramatic improvement in their behavior including improved eye contact, alertness and an expansion of expressive language within five weeks after the procedure. Even children with less significant but above the average (> 2 ml/min) secretory response showed mild/moderate improvement in their social/behavioral skills. There was a significant increase in blood serotonin after secretin injection in several children. Conclusions. A significant portion of patients with autism may have unrecognized gastrointestinal abnormalities. These abnormalities (reflux esophagitis, enzyme deficiencies) may contribute to their behavioral problems. More importantly, we found that intravenous secretin administration resulted in (1) hypersecretion of pancreato-biliary fluid (2) resolution of chronic diarrhea and (2) significant improvement in the social behavior and language skills in a group of children with autistic spectrum disorders. These clinical observations provide suggestive evidence for an association between the gastrointestinal and brain function in a portion of patients with autistic behavior. Further research is needed to both extend these observations and explore possible underlying mechanisms.
Molecular beam epitaxy of beryllium-doped GaN buffer layers for AlGaN/GaN HEMTs (2003)

Group III-nitride semiconductors are promising materials for high-power microwave transistors. However, several materials issues remain to be solved. For example, conducting buffer or interfacial layers are a frequently observed problem in AlGaN/GaN HEMTs grown by both MOCVD and MBE. These conducting layers can cause poor pinch-off characteristics and poor inter-device isolation.
Towards an electrowetting-based digital microfluidic platform for magnetic immunoassays (2009)

We demonstrate ElectroWetting-On-Dielectric (EWOD) transport and SQUID gradiometer detection of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) suspended in a 2 microl de-ionized water droplet. This proof-of-concept methodology constitutes the first development step towards a highly sensitive magnetic immunoassay platform with SQUID readout and droplet-based sample handling. Magnetic AC-susceptibility measurements were performed on MNPs with a hydrodynamic diameter of 100 nm using a high-Tc dc Superconducting Quantum Interference Device (SQUID) gradiometer as detector. We observed that the signal amplitude per unit volume is 2.5 times higher for a 2 microl sample droplet compared to a 30 microl sample volume.
Measurement of subwoofers with the field separation method: comparison of p- p and p-v formulations (2012)

International audience
The pathogenic role of the inflammasome in neurodegenerative diseases (2015)

The inflammasome is a large macromolecular complex that contains multiple copies of a receptor or sensor of pathogen-derived or damage-derived molecular patterns, pro-caspase-1, and an adaptor called ASC (apoptotic speck containing protein with a CARD), which results in caspase-1 maturation. Caspase-1 then mediates the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1β and IL-18. These cytokines play critical roles in mediating immune responses during inflammation and innate immunity. Broader studies of the inflammasome over the years have implicated their roles in the pathogenesis of a variety of inflammatory diseases. Recently, studies have shown that the inflammasome modulates neuroinflammatory cells and the initial stages of neuroinflammation. A secondary cascade of events associated with neuroinflammation (such as oxidative stress) has been shown to activate the inflammasome, making the inflammasome a promising therapeutic target in the modulation of neurodegenerative diseases. This review will focus on the pathogenic role that inflammasomes play in neurologic diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, traumatic brain injury, and multiple sclerosis. We here review the role of the inflammasome in the pathogenesis of traumatic brain injury (TBI). TBI is initiated by physical force exerted to head, resulting in neuronal injury and death. Primary insult is followed by a secondary cascade of events following neuroinflammation such as mitochondrial dysfunction, production of reactive oxygen species, potassium effluxes, and release of circulating DNA. These events can potentially trigger the activation of NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2 during TBI but have yet to be confirmed (dashed lines). NLRP3, NLRP1, and AIM2 associate with the adaptor protein ASC, which initiates the cleavage of pro-caspase-1 to the mature form of caspase-1 which cleaves pro-IL-1β and pro-IL-18 into their mature forms of IL-1β and IL-18.
ME&CITY能为美特斯·邦威带来新蓝海么? (2008)

新闻背景:ME&CITY,是美特斯·邦威在深交所上市后新推出的高端城市系列,包括三个系列,分别是Casual Chic精致休闲、Going Out时尚外出和Formal商务系列,同时搭配Accessories都市配件系列。美邦此次推出的ME&CITY城市系列筹划已有数年之久,两年前开始正式着手。新品牌将与原有美邦的校园感进行区隔,为逐渐长大的美邦消费者提供高性价比服装,同时ME&CITY也会以独立品牌的形式操作,这或许是美邦多品牌化的一个开始。且看各路专家如何点评。
Kinetics of Low-Pressure, Low-Temperature Graphene Growth: Toward Single-Layer, Single-Crystalline Structure (2012)

Graphene grown on metal catalysts with low carbon solubility is a highly competitive alternative to exfoliated and other forms of graphene, yet a single-layer, single-crystal structure remains a challenge because of the large number of randomly oriented nuclei that form grain boundaries when stitched together. A kinetic model of graphene nucleation and growth is developed to elucidate the effective controls of the graphene island density and surface coverage from the onset of nucleation to the full monolayer formation in low-pressure, low-temperature CVD. The model unprecedentedly involves the complete cycle of the elementary gas-phase and surface processes and shows a precise quantitative agreement with the recent low-energy electron diffraction measurements and also explains numerous parameter trends from a host of experimental reports. These agreements are demonstrated for a broad pressure range as well as different combinations of precursor gases and supporting catalysts. The critical role of hydrogen in controlling the graphene nucleation and monolayer formation is revealed and quantified. The model is generic and can be extended to even broader ranges of catalysts and precursor gases/pressures to enable the as yet elusive effective control of the crystalline structure and number of layers of graphene using the minimum amounts of matter and energy.
Multiple oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are structurally and functionally intact during hepatocarcinogenesis in hepatitis B virus transgenic mice. (1992)

In the current study we sought to elucidate the molecular mechanisms which might contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis in a hepatitis B virus (HBV) envelope transgenic mouse model in which chronic hepatocellular injury and inflammation lead to regenerative hyperplasia and eventually to the development of chromosomal abnormalities and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), thereby reiterating many of the pathophysiological events that occur prior to the development of HCC in chronic HBV infection in humans. We have previously demonstrated that HBV envelope gene expression is decreased in regenerating hepatocytes and preneoplastic nodules early in the disease process and that expression of alpha-fetoprotein and the multidrug transporter gene mdr-III is activated in the tumors that develop in this model, but not prior to tumor development. In the current study, we examined the structure and expression of a large panel of dominant acting oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes in the liver at all stages of the disease process in order to determine the extent to which they contribute to hepatocarcinogenesis in these transgenic mice. To our surprise, no changes were observed in the structure or function of any of these genes, many of which are commonly activated in other rodent models of hepatocarcinogenesis but rarely activated in human HCC. These findings suggest that the HBV transgenic mouse model is different from most other rodent models of hepatocarcinogenesis and that it may relate more closely to the events involved in HBV-induced human hepatocarcinogenesis, where generalized chromosomal abnormalities are common, while structural and functional changes in most of the commonly studied positive-acting oncogenes examined herein are not. Since p53 and RB mutations have recently been reported to be late events in human hepatocarcinogenesis, the structural integrity of the RB locus and the absence of p53 mutations in the HBV transgenic mouse model suggest that they may represent a relatively early stage of hepatocellular tumorigenesis and that further manipulation of this model is warranted in order to more fully reproduce the molecular-genetic events that characterize HBV-induced HCC in humans.
Temperature measurement: techniques (2002)

ESDU 02006 is one of a series on temperature measurement. Its purpose is to review the general techniques available for measuring temperature and to consider specific instruments for particular applications. Twenty-seven temperature measurement systems are covered and measurement criteria appropriate to each device are described or stated. These criteria include calibration, temperature range, response characteristics, transient capability, sensitivity, uncertainty, thermal disturbance and measurement repeatability. Commercial availability and relative costs of devices are also stated. Based on the relative merits of different techniques, guidance for the selection of an appropriate temperature measurement technique is provided. This information is intended for an initial system selection; more detailed information on design and installation of the chosen system will be found in the specific guides, ESDU 06018 on thermocouples and ESDU 06019 on resistance thermometry.
Art education as social intervention (2008)

This paper reflects on two aspects of the Portuguese education system: (i) the role and delivery of Citizenship Education in the national curriculum; and (ii) training provided by the Escola Superior de Educao do Instituto Politcnico de Viana do Castelo for teachers of Visual and Technological Education to children aged six to twelve. In the final two years of their four year degree course, these students design and implement visual art activities during teaching practice, and teach other school subjects such as Civic Education. The paper reflects upon their aims and methods for Citizenship Education and Art and ways in which they apply their knowledge of these subjects in school classrooms. It discusses obstacles and difficulties arising during their teaching practice and identifies curricula lacks and/or needs.
Quantum time uncertainty in a gravity's rainbow formalism (2004)

The existence of a minimum time uncertainty is usually argued to be a consequence of the combination of quantum mechanics and general relativity. Most of the studies that point to this result are nonetheless based on perturbative quantization approaches, in which the effect of matter on the geometry is regarded as a correction to a classical background. In this paper, we consider rainbow spacetimes constructed from doubly special relativity by using a modification of the proposals of Magueijo and Smolin. In these models, gravitational effects are incorporated (at least to a certain extent) in the definition of the energy-momentum of particles without adhering to a perturbative treatment of the backreaction. In this context, we derive and compare the expressions of the time uncertainty in quantizations that use as evolution parameter either the background or the rainbow time coordinates. These two possibilities can be regarded as corresponding to perturbative and nonperturbative quantization schemes, respectively. We show that, while a nonvanishing time uncertainty is generically unavoidable in a perturbative framework, an infinite time resolution can in fact be achieved in a nonperturbative quantization for the whole family of doubly special relativity theories with unbounded physical energy.
Potential of a beryllium x-ray lens (1997)

The use of refractive lenses for focusing x-ray beams has been the subject of publications since the early 1980s. Detailed calculations have been made for different shapes for the refractive lens: cylindrical, spherical, parabolic, and for a Fresnel-type refractive lens. The main drawback to the use of a single refractive lens to focus x-rays is that the index of refraction (n = 1 {minus} {delta}) is very close to 1, which results in a lens with a very long focal length. Recently Snigerov and others have suggested and experimentally demonstrated, using cylindrical-shaped lenses, that this problem of long focal lengths can be overcome by using many lenses in series. Each lens refracts the photon through a small angle, but the sum of these sequential changes in direction can be moderately larger. This increase in effective refraction angle reduces the focal length of the lens to a few meters or less and makes the multi-element lens a much more useful instrument for focusing x-rays. This paper, annualizes the expected performance of a lens consisting of a series of aligned hollow spheres in a beryllium substrate. The use of hollow spheres rather than hollow cylinders produces focusing of the x rays into a small focal spot in contrast to the single-directional focusing of the hollow cylinders, which produces a line focus. Two multi-element lenses have been constructed: one with 20 1-mm-diameter hollow spheres in an aluminum substrate, and one with 50 hollow spheres, 1 mm in diameter, in a beryllium substrate. Some construction details and calculations of the expected performance, are given for these two multi-element lenses.