gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Kernel Set and Flower Synchrony within the Ear of Maize : II. Plant Population Effects (1997)

Kernel number (KN) per plant declines with increasing plant population (PP) in maize ( Zea mays L.) and controversy exists about the critical period for spikelet abortion. In this work, the effect of PP (5 and 9 plants m −2 ) on floral differentiation and kernel set was analyzed for two genotypes of contrasting prolificacy at Grignon, France, (48°51′N). Kernel set variability was tested at Balcarce (37°45′S), Argentina, with three PP (2, 8, and 16 plants m −2 ) and athinning treatment (from 16 to 2 plants m −2 ) at silking. Plants were grown with no water or nutrient restrictions. At 9 plants m −2 , floral differentiation was delayed in apical ears but almost all spikelets started silk elongation. In subapical ears, 17% of the spikelets of the nonprolific hybrid and 19% of the prolific hybrid had not completed development at silking. At 5 plants m −2 these proportions were reduced to 6%. Significant (P < 0.01) differences were detected in apical ear length after the onset of rapid ear growth (silking −20 d), resulting in reduced ear biomass at silking at high PP. Barrenness occurred at 16 plants m −2 (0.5 ears plant −1 ), but spikelet abortion took place in all apical ears after silking, except at 2 plants m −2 (control). Kernel number per plant was not related to the degree of floral differentiation reached at silking, but to the amount of intercepted photosynthetically active radiation (KN = 149.5 + 204.6 MJ plant −1 d −1 , r 2 = 0.92) when the silking −15‐d period was included in the calculations. Presilking limitations to ear growth appear to reduce ear sink strength.
Characterization of a digital microwave radiometry system for noninvasive thermometry using a temperature-controlled homogeneous test load (2008)

Microwave radiometry has been proposed as a viable noninvasive thermometry approach for monitoring subsurface tissue temperatures and potentially controlling power levels of multielement heat applicators during clinical hyperthermia treatments. With the evolution of technology, several analog microwave radiometry devices have been developed for biomedical applications. In this paper, we describe a digital microwave radiometer with built-in electronics for signal processing and automatic self-calibration. The performance of the radiometer with an Archimedean spiral receive antenna is evaluated over a bandwidth of 3.7-4.2 GHz in homogeneous and layered water test loads. Controlled laboratory experiments over the range of 30-50 degrees C characterize measurement accuracy, stability, repeatability and penetration depth sensitivity. The ability to sense load temperature through an intervening water coupling bolus of 6 mm thickness is also investigated. To assess the clinical utility and sensitivity to electromagnetic interference (EMI), experiments are conducted inside standard clinical hyperthermia treatment rooms with no EM shielding. The digital radiometer provided repeatable measurements with 0.075 degrees C resolution and standard deviation of 0.217 degrees C for homogeneous and layered tissue loads at temperatures between 32-45 degrees C. Within the 3.7-4.2 GHz band, EM noise rejection was good other than some interference from overhead fluorescent lights in the same room as the radiometer. The system response obtained for ideal water loads suggests that this digital radiometer should be useful for estimating subcutaneous tissue temperatures under a 6 mm waterbolus used during clinical hyperthermia treatments. The accuracy and stability data obtained in water test loads of several configurations support our expectation that single band radiometry should be sufficient for sub-surface temperature monitoring and power control of large multielement array superficial hyperthermia applicators.
2-D Beam-Steerable Integrated Lens Antenna System for 5G <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$E$ </tex-math> </inline-formula>-Band Access and Backhaul (2016)

The new services available through smart devices require very high cellular network capacity. The capacity requirement is expected to increase exponentially with the forthcoming 5G networks. The only available spectrum for truly wideband communication (>1 GHz) is at millimeter wavelengths. The high free space loss can be overcome by using the directive and beam-steerable antennas. This paper describes a design and the measurement results for a lens antenna system for E-band having 2-D beam-steering capability. Continuous beam-switching range of about ±4° × ±17° is demonstrated with the lens having the maximum measured directivity of 36.7 dB. Link budget calculation for backhaul application using the presented lens antenna system is presented and compared with the measurement results of the implemented demo system.
Supramolecular Modification of Ion Chemistry: Modulation of Peptide Charge State and Dissociation Behavior through Complexation with Cucurbit[<i>n</i>]uril (<i>n</i> = 5, 6) or α-Cyclodextrin (2009)

Electrospray Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, ion mobility spectrometry, and computational methods were utilized to characterize the complexes between lysine or pentalysine with three prototypical host molecules: alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CD), cucurbit[5]uril (CB[5]), and cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]). Ion mobility measurements show lysine forms externally bound, singly charged complexes with either alpha-CD or CB[5], but a doubly charged complex with the lysine side chain threaded through the host cavity of CB[6]. These structural differences result in distinct dissociation behaviors in collision-induced dissociation (CID) experiments: the alpha-CD complex dissociates via the simple loss of intact lysine, whereas the CB[5] complex dissociates to yield [CB[5] + H(3)O](+), and the CB[6] complex loses neutral NH(3) and CO, the product ion remaining a doubly charged complex. These results are consistent with B3LYP/6-31G* binding energies (kJ mol(-1)) of D(Lys + H(+)-alpha-CD) = 281, D(Lys + H(+)-CB[5]) = 327, and D(Lys + 2H(2+)-CB[6]) = 600. B3LYP/6-31G* geometry optimizations show complexation with alpha-CD stabilizes the salt bridge form of protonated lysine, whereas complexation with CB[6] stabilizes doubly protonated lysine. Complexation of the larger polypeptide pentalysine with alpha-CD forms a nonspecific adduct: no modification of the pentalysine charge state distribution is observed, and dissociation occurs via the simple loss of alpha-CD. Complexation of pentalysine with the cucurbiturils is more specific: the observed charge state distribution shifts higher on complexation, and fragmentation patterns are significantly altered relative to uncomplexed pentalysine: C-terminal fragment ions appear that are consistent with charge stabilization by the cucurbiturils, and the cucurbiturils are retained on the fragment ions. Molecular mechanics calculations suggest CB[5] binds to two protonated sites on pentalysine without threading onto the peptide and that CB[6] binds two adjacent protonated sites via threading onto the peptide.
Does Federalism Have Relevance to Government Reorganization for the Third Century? (1978)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Brain edema formation correlates with perfusion deficit during the first six hours after experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats (2012)

The significant correlation with the perfusion deficit after SAH suggests that the development of brain edema is related to the extent of ischemia and acute vasoconstriction in the first hours after SAH.
Quantum computing and cloud computing: humans trusting humans via machines (2011)

In this paper we use Levels of Abstraction and an object-oriented model of trust to analyze quantum computing and cloud computing to identify important ethical concerns. The method of Levels of Abstraction aids in identifying broad social concerns of both methods of computation. Both methods of computation have the potential to deeply impact societal trust of computing.
Fundamental Principles of Optical Lithography (2007)

1.3. Mask Illumination Purpose: The purpose of this section is to describe how masks are illuminated in lithographic imaging systems and how this illumination affects image formation. Objectives: Upon completion of this section, you will be able to:  Describe the effect of illumination angle on the diffraction pattern  Define partial coherence  Describe the impact of illumination on resolution  Define Kohler illumination
Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus–Based Vaccines Against Ebola and Marburg Virus Infections (2011)

The filoviruses, Marburg virus and Ebola virus, cause severe hemorrhagic fever with a high mortality rate in humans and nonhuman primates. Among the most-promising filovirus vaccines under development is a system based on recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus (rVSV) that expresses a single filovirus glycoprotein (GP) in place of the VSV glycoprotein (G). Importantly, a single injection of blended rVSV-based filovirus vaccines was shown to completely protect nonhuman primates against Marburg virus and 3 different species of Ebola virus. These rVSV-based vaccines have also shown utility when administered as a postexposure treatment against filovirus infections, and a rVSV-based Ebola virus vaccine was recently used to treat a potential laboratory exposure. Here, we review the history of rVSV-based vaccines and pivotal animal studies showing their utility in combating Ebola and Marburg virus infections.
Catalyst Particle Density Controls Hydrocarbon Product Selectivity in CO<sub>2</sub> Electroreduction on CuO<sub><i>x</i></sub> (2017)

A key challenge of the carbon dioxide electroreduction (CO2RR) on Cu-based nanoparticles is its low faradic selectivity toward higher-value products such as ethylene. Here, we demonstrate a facile method for tuning the hydrocarbon selectivities on CuO<sub>x</sub> nanoparticle ensembles by varying the nanoparticle areal density. The sensitive dependence of the experimental ethylene selectivity on catalyst particle areal density is attributed to a diffusional interparticle coupling that controls the de- and re-adsorption of CO and thus the effective coverage of CO<sub>ad</sub> intermediates. Thus, higher areal density constitutes dynamically favored conditions for CO re-adsorption and *CO dimerization leading to ethylene formation independent of pH and applied overpotential.
Vacuum-pump control system using programmable logic controllers on the TCP/IP network for the 2.5-GeV storage ring (2003)

A vacuum-pump control system has been developed using programmable-logic controllers (PLC) for the 2.5-GeV storage ring at the Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK). There are sixty-six Ti-getter vacuum pumps at the storage ring. Evacuation of gases in the storage ring is done by controlling the current in the titanium filaments in the vacuum pump (max 50 A). A PLC has a TCP/IP network port, 16-bit-digital output ports connected to sixteen solid-state relays (SSR) for current control. The PLC can simultaneously control up to sixteen pumps. These vacuum pumps are connected to SSRs which chop the AC current so as to control the current in the pumps. To operate the pumps, the pump current must have a trapezoidal-shaped current form. The PLC is configured so that the current in the pumps has a trapezoidal form associated with pre-heating, evacuation, and cooling-down phases of the pump. PLCs are connected to a personal computer (PC) through the network. The PC can automatically control the PLCs by sending a set of commands through the TCP/IP network. The commands specify the duration of the current form. Upon receiving a command from a PC running under WindowsNT through the network, the PLC generates pulse-trains through the digital output ports to trigger the SSRs in association with the operating phases. The design of the vacuum-pump control system is discussed.
Microcracks observed in epitaxial thin films of YBa2 Cu3O7–δ and GdBa2Cu3O7–δ (1995)

Microcracking of epitaxially c-oriented YBa2Cu3O7–δ and GdBa2Cu3O7–δ thin films is observed to preferentially occur on buffered, R-cut sapphire substrates of 3 in diameter in comparison to smaller substrates and other substrate materials such as MgO, SrTiO3, and LaAlO3. The area density and the crystallographic appearance of the crack pattern can vary considerably across a given surface, from sample to sample, and in dependence on the temperature treatment. These dependencies indicate the crack behaviour to be seriously affected by the microstructure. The latter is studied by optical, electron, and atomic force microscopy. Cross-sectioning TEM reveals cracks to locally separate the HTSC film from the buffer layer. Optical microscopy using transmitted polarized light is found to be a straightforward, sensitive survey method to observe the microcracking behaviour. Mikrorisse von epitaktisch c-orientierten YBa2Cu3O7–δ- und GdBa2Cu3O7–δ-Dünnschichten zeigen sich bevorzugt auf mit Pufferschicht versehenen, R-orientierten Saphirsubstraten von 3 in Durchmesser im Vergleich zu kleineren Substraten und anderem Substratmaterial wie MgO, SrTiO3 und LaAlO3. Die Flächendichte und das kristallographische Bild der Risse kann beträchtlich variieren, und zwar längs einer gegebenen Oberfläche, von Probe zu Probe sowie in Abhängigkeit von der Temperaturbehandlung. Diese Abhängigkeiten deuten auf einen starken Einfluß der Mikrostruktur. Letztere wird mittels optischer, Elektronen- und Rastersondenmikroskopie untersucht. Die TEM-Querschnittsabbildung zeigt Risse, welche die HTSL-Schicht lokal von der Pufferschicht trennen. Die Lichtmikroskopie im polarisierten Durchlicht erweist sich als eine rationelle, empfindliche Übersichtsmethode zur Beobachtung des Rißverhaltens.
Investigating content selection for language generation using machine learning (2009)

The content selection component of a natural language generation system decides which information should be communicated in its output. We use information from reports on the game of cricket. We first describe a simple factoid-to-text alignment algorithm then treat content selection as a collective classification problem and demonstrate that simple 'grouping' of statistics at various levels of granularity yields substantially improved results over a probabilistic baseline. We additionally show that holding back of specific types of input data, and linking database structures with commonality further increase performance.
Group C<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>as a Cause of Septic Arthritis in a Native Shoulder Joint: A Case Report (2011)

Septic arthritis is an Orthopaedic emergency, threatening the joint within hours of onset. Up to 10% of cases of meningococcaemia have an associated septic arthritis. The aetiology of acute meningococcaemia in a variety of clinical syndromes is well documented in the literature. The pathogen Neisseria meningitidis can cause both primary and secondary manifestations of disseminated infection. Broad-range 16S rDNA PCR is a relatively new technique, useful in identifying aetiological agents in septic patients with negative blood cultures. Here, we describe the rare clinical scenario of a 76-year-old woman with primary meningococcal septic arthritis of a native shoulder joint without associated meningococcal bloodstream infection. We discuss the role of 16s rDNA Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in the identification of the infectious agent, Neisseria meningitidis, and the role of this technique in guiding subsequent management.
Disgust Sensitivity and Attitudes toward Organ Donation among African-American College Students (2001)

241 African-American college students (94 men and 147 women, mean age = 20.3 +/- 3.4 yr.) completed the 1994 Disgust Scale of Haidt, McCauley, and Rozin and a modified form of Parisi-Rizzo's 1987 Attitudes Toward Organ Donation Scale (negative subscale only) as well as a behavioral measure of intention to donate organs after death. Analyses indicated that the higher the disgust sensitivity, the more negative the attitude toward organ donation and the less likely the student was to indicate intent to donate organs. It was further shown that negative attitudes toward organ donation mediated the relationship between disgust sensitivity and the behavioral intention measure. Results highlight the complexity of the issues surrounding organ donation within an African-American population and provide additional empirical evidence for the development of a theoretical model to explain the organ donation phenomenon.
CSI-Based Indoor Localization (2012)

Indoor positioning systems have received increasing attention for supporting location-based services in indoor environments. WiFi-based indoor localization has been attractive due to its open access and low cost properties. However, the distance estimation based on received signal strength indicator (RSSI) is easily affected by the temporal and spatial variance due to the multipath effect, which contributes to most of the estimation errors in current systems. In this work, we analyze this effect across the physical layer and account for the undesirable RSSI readings being reported. We explore the frequency diversity of the subcarriers in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing systems and propose a novel approach called FILA, which leverages the channel state information (CSI) to build a propagation model and a fingerprinting system at the receiver. We implement the FILA system on commercial 802.11 NICs, and then evaluate its performance in different typical indoor scenarios. The experimental results show that the accuracy and latency of distance calculation can be significantly enhanced by using CSI. Moreover, FILA can significantly improve the localization accuracy compared with the corresponding RSSI approach.
Flexible infrared waveguides for high-power transmission (1980)

This paper gives a comparison of theory with experimental results for the transmission of flexible infrared waveguides fabricated from commercially available aluminum sheet. From this analysis, design equations are generated, which may be used to predict the losses of FIT waveguides in useful geometries.
The Biosynthesis of Tryptophan, Tyrosine. and Phenylalanine from Cborismate (1998)

The production of chorismate from phosphoenolpyruvate and erythrose 4-phosphate, discussed in Chapter 4, constitutes the main trunk of the shikimate pathway, "a metabolic tree with many branches" (Bentley 1990). At least five branches emanate from chorismate, two of which are the subject of this chapter. The enzymes positioned at the initial branch points, anthranilate synthase and chorismate mutase, are elaborately regulated for the accurate metering of carbon from the main trunk of the aromatic pathway to the three aromatic amino acids. As reported in this chapter, our knowledge of the plant cultivar of this metabolic tree is beginning to flower.
CHROMIUM AS A SUPPLEMENT (1999)

Chromium (Cr) is an essential mineral element that has received considerable public attention. The suggestion that Cr intake is generally low has generated interest regarding the purported beneficial effects of Cr supplementation on biological function and health of animals and humans. This review briefly describes key aspects of Cr nutritional status and evaluates the effects of Cr supplementation on various components of biological function, body composition, and health. A novel biological role of Cr in regulation of insulin function is described. Although promising results of Cr supplementation are presented, the considerable challenge of developing methods for routine assessment of Cr nutriture in humans remains.
14-3-3 Proteins Are Part of an Abscisic Acid-VIVIPAROUS1 (VP1) Response Complex in the Em Promoter and Interact with VP1 and EmBP1 (1998)

Thomas F. Schultz, Joaquin Medina, Alison Hill, Ralph S. Quatrano, 14-3-3 Proteins Are Part of an Abscisic Acid-VIVIPAROUS1 (VP1) Response Complex in the Em Promoter and Interact with VP1 and EmBP1, The Plant Cell, Vol. 10, No. 5 (May, 1998), pp. 837-847
Possible errors in the measurement of retinal lesions. (1993)

Measuring the size of structure in the retina from photographs may therefore prove to be inaccurate but in some circumstances determining the percentage change in size may prove more reliable.
An experimental robotic testbed for accelerated development of ankle prostheses (2013)

Biomechatronic devices show promise for restoring human performance, but development has been made inefficient by the need for specialized autonomous devices prior to testing benefits of proposed functionalities. This has severely limited exploration within and across intervention strategies. We have developed a laboratory testbed suitable for emulating and rapidly assessing wearable robot designs. The testbed is comprised of powerful off-board motor and control hardware, a flexible tether, and lightweight instrumented end-effectors worn by a person. We performed a series of benchtop tests to gauge mechatronic performance, and found significant improvements over prior candidate testbed platforms. In particular, this system has an unusual combination of low worn mass (less than 1 kg), high closed-loop torque bandwidth (17 Hz), and high peak torque (175 N·m), key to emulating specialized devices. We also performed walking trials to gauge dynamic torque control and versatility. Walking trials with a prosthesis end-effector demonstrated precise torque tracking (4 N·m RMS error), both in time and joint-angle space, and versatile mechanical behavior through systematic changes in high-level control law parameters. For example, we widely varied net ankle work (from -3 J to 9 J per step) using an impedance law relating joint angle and velocity to desired torque. These results suggest such testbeds could be used to emulate and evaluate novel assistive robot concepts prior to laborious product design.