gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Tpm1,</i> a Locus Controlling IL-12 Responsiveness, Acts by a Cell-Autonomous Mechanism (1999)

Th phenotype development is controlled not only by cytokines but also by other parameters including genetic background. One site of genetic variation between murine strains that has direct impact on Th development is the expression of the IL-12 receptor. T cells from B10.D2 and BALB/c mice show distinct control of IL-12 receptor expression. When activated by Ag, B10.D2 T cells express functional IL-12 receptors and maintain IL-12 responsiveness. In contrast, under the same conditions, BALB/c T cells fail to express IL-12 receptors and become unresponsive to IL-12, precluding any Th1-inducing effects if subsequently exposed to IL-12. Previously, we identified a locus, which we termed T cell phenotype modifier 1 (Tpm1), on murine chromosome 11 that controls this differential maintenance of IL-12 responsiveness. In this study, we have produced a higher resolution map around Tpm1. We produced and analyzed a series of recombinants from a first-generation backcross that significantly narrows the genetic boundaries of Tpm1. This allowed us to exclude from consideration certain previous candidates for Tpm1, including IFN-regulatory factor-1. Also, cellular analysis of F1(B10.D2 x BALB/c) T cells demonstrates that Tpm1 exerts its effect on IL-12 receptor expression in a cell-autonomous manner, rather than through influencing the extracellular milieu. This result strongly implies that despite the proximity of our locus to the IL-13/IL-4 gene cluster, these cytokines are not candidates for Tpm1.
Transgenic wheat: where do we stand after the first 12 years? (2005)

Abstract Wheat was among the last of the major crops to be transformed (in 1992), and transformation is still difficult, with a lower efficiency than that for maize and rice. However, the recent development of Agrobacterium ‐based systems is set to improve the precision of the process, while new methods of selection, removal of unnecessary DNA sequences, gene targeting and in vivo mutagenesis will make the process cleaner and more acceptable to regulatory authorities and consumers. Our current work is focussed on using transformation to understand and manipulate aspects of grain processing quality, notably dough strength and texture for milling. However, it is clear that a major priority for future work will be to improve nutritional quality, including vitamin and mineral contents for the developing world and starch digestibility and dietary fibre content and composition for developed countries.
Localization based on multiple visual-metric maps (2017)

This paper presents a fusion of monocular camera-based metric localization, IMU and odometry in dynamic environments of public roads. We build multiple vision-based maps and use them at the same time in localization phase. For the mapping phase, visual maps are built by employing ORB-SLAM and accurate metric positioning from LiDAR-based NDT scan matching. This external positioning is utilized to correct for scale drift inherent in all vision-based SLAM methods. Next in the localization phase, these embedded positions are used to estimate the vehicle pose in metric global coordinates using solely monocular camera. Furthermore, to increase system robustness we also proposed utilization of multiple maps and sensor fusion with odometry and IMU using particle filter method. Experimental testing were performed through public road environment as far as 170 km at different times of day to evaluate and compare localization results of vision-only, GNSS and sensor fusion methods. The results show that sensor fusion method offers lower average errors than GNSS and better coverage than vision-only one.
Infrared spectra of human central nervous system tissue: Diagnosis of alzheimer's disease by multivariate analyses (1995)

Abstract We present an infrared (IR) spectroscopic view of the pathological features of Alzheimer's disease (AD), along with a means of classifying the spectroscopic data nonsubjectively using several multivariate methods. The results demonstrate that IR spectroscopy can potentially be used in the diagnosis of AD from autopsy tissue. Although several spectral features that appear to be related to the disease process can be detected by a visual inspection of the IR spectra of AD grey matter, the appearance of these features was inconsistent. A more successful (consistent) diagnosis is achieved using multivariate analysis of the spectroscopic data. It is shown that correct classification of white and grey matter from brains identified by standard pathological methods as heavily, moderately, and minimally involved can be achieved with success rates of greater than 90% using appropriate methods. Classification of tissue as either control or AD was achieved with a success rate of 100%. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
A mixed-signal VLSI neuroprocessor for image restoration (1992)

An analog systolic architecture that uses multiple neuroprocessors for image restoration is presented. For a two-dimensional image, parallel processing is performed for different rows of pixel data and pipelined processing is performed on each row of pixel data. For the image restoration neuroprocessor, local data computation is executed by analog circuitry to achieve full parallelism and to minimize power dissipation. Interprocessor communication is carried out in the digital format to maintain strong signal strength across the chip boundary and to allow multichip operation for high-speed image processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A perforated plate stacked Si/glass heat exchanger with in-situ temperature sensing for joule-thomson coolers (2008)

This paper reports a micromachined recuperative heat exchanger integrated with in-situ temperature sensors. In this design, numerous high-conductivity silicon plates, integrated with platinum resistance temperature detectors (Pt RTDs) are fabricated and stacked alternating with lowconductivity Pyrex spacers. The device is intended for use with Joule-Thomson (J-T) coolers. The fabricated versions of the device have a footprint of 1×1 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and lengths of up to 2 cm. Tests at cryogenic temperatures (120–210 K) show that the effectiveness of the heat exchanger is as high as 0.785. In a preliminary J-T self-cooling test, the temperature at the expansion orifice dropped 13 K from the inlet temperature for an inlet pressure of 527 kPa (76 psia). The integrated Pt RTDs presented a sensitivity of 0.26%/K in the linear operational range of 150–300 K, but remained usable at temperatures below that range. Details regarding evaluation apparatus are discussed.
Flexible timeline user interface using constraints (2005)

Authoring tools routinely include a timeline representation to allow the author to specify the sequence of animations and interactions. However, traditional static timelines are best suited for static, linear sequences (such MIDI sequencers) and do not lend themselves to interactive content. This forces authors to supplement their timelines with scripted actions which are not represented. Timelines also force frame-accuracy on the author, which interferes with rapid exploration of different designs. We present a redesign of the timeline in which users can specify the relative ordering and causality of events without specifying exact times or durations. This effectively enables users to "work rough" in time. We then implement a prototype and perform a user study to investigate its efficiency.
Precise <sup>14</sup>C Measurement By Liquid Scintillation Counting (1979)

Radiocarbon dating involves a comparison of the count rate of sample carbon with that of modern reference standard material. To calculate a date the ratio Z must be determined where
The effect of gas-phase stoichiometry on deep levels in vapor-grown GaAs (1977)

A deep (0.82 eV) impurity level has been observed via transient capacitance measurements in GaAs prepared under various gas-phase stoichiometries. The density of these impurities increased with increasing AsH3/GaCl ratio in the vapor phase ranging from 2×1013 cm−3 for a 1/3 ratio to 9×1013 cm−3 for a 3/1 ratio. The minority-carrier lifetime in these same samples decreased from 15 to 5 nsec with increasing AsH3/GaCl ratio. These deep levels, which serve as recombination centers for lifetime reduction, appear to originate from point defects introduced by deviations from stoichiometry toward the As-rich side.
Efficient VLSI architectures for a high-performance digital image communication system (1990)

A typical digital image communication system based on a number of ASIC architectural designs is currently under development. After partitioning the complete system into several stages, each selected algorithm can be implemented on a single ASIC based on an efficient architectural style. The required throughput for high-performance data compression and channel coding has been obtained due to the optimization of the critical path in the architectural design. Input/output (I/O) operations, which create the bottleneck for many image-processing algorithms, are handled by a dedicated I/O interface unit. Construction of each dedicated data path in the architecture is based on a limited parameterizable functional building block (FBB) library. The dedicated data paths have been constructed by partitioning the initial signal flow graph (SFG) into compatible graphs and by matching the graphs in each partition onto a collection of time-multiplexed FBBs. Hierarchically partitioned controllers were used to meet the high-throughput requirements. The ASIC architectures proposed are oriented to broadband integrated services digital networks (B-ISDN) as well as high-performance digital image compression systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Parametric Study of the CaO−Ca<sub>12</sub>Al<sub>14</sub>O<sub>33</sub> Synthesis with Respect to High CO<sub>2</sub> Sorption Capacity and Stability on Multicycle Operation (2008)

This study focuses on the effect of various parameters of the synthesis procedure of the CO2 sorbent—CaO−Ca12Al14O33 derived from calcium acetate—on the CO2 sorption ability and lifetime. The synthesis procedure consists of the calcination of the acetate CaO precursor (step 1), the precipitation of the CaO with aluminum nitrates (step 2), followed by calcination at 500 °C for nitrates removal (step 3) and the calcination at 900 °C for the synthesis of Ca12Al14O33 (step 4). It has been shown, by employing TGA, that the applied difference in the calcination conditions (900 °C/2 h, 850 °C/1 h, 750 °C/0.5 h,) for the decomposition of the CaO acetate precursor (step 1) is not adequate to affect the sorption fixation and stability results. On the other hand calcination history of the precipitate and the addition of water in between the two calcination steps (nitrates removal and Ca12Al14O33 synthesis reaction) are of high importance for ensuring sorption capacities higher than 6.5 mol CO2/kg of sorbent in the first cycle. SEM observations showed that the addition of water after calcination at 500 °C (step 3) accounts for the generation of the regular hexagonal crystalloids of Ca(OH)2 which transforms in a porous network during calcination at 900 °C. It was also demonstrated that the quantity of CO2 molecules retained increases with decreasing aging time of the precipitate as a result of higher surface area (smaller crystal size) of the as-synthesized samples. The sorbent with the lower binder content (CaO/Ca12Al14O33 = 85:15) showed the prospective higher capacity (45% weight increase) in the first cycle but also a fair stability on repetitive sorption−desorption cycles.
Divergence, Big Time (1997)

Historical data are unnecessary to demonstrate that perhaps the basic fact of modern economic history is massive absolute divergence in per capita income across countries. A plausible lower bound on per capita income can be combined with estimates of its current level in the poorer countries to place an upper bound on long-run income growth. Between 1870 and 1990, the ratio of richest to poorest countries' income increased from roughly 9 to 1 to 45 to 1, the standard deviation of (natural log) per capita income doubled, and the average income gap between the richest and all other countries grew nearly tenfold from $1,286 to $12,000.
Disarming offense to facilitate defense (2001)

Article Share on Disarming offense to facilitate defense Authors: Danilo Bruschi Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39, 20135 Milano, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39, 20135 Milano, ItalyView Profile , Emilia Rosti Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39, 20135 Milano, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Comelico 39, 20135 Milano, ItalyView Profile Authors Info & Claims NSPW '00: Proceedings of the 2000 workshop on New security paradigmsFebruary 2001 Pages 69–75https://doi.org/10.1145/366173.366192Published:20 February 2001Publication History 9citation525DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations9Total Downloads525Last 12 Months1Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Genotoxicity evaluation of certain Bhasmas using Micronucleus and Comet assays (2009)

Bhasmas, herbal preparations of ayurvedic origin, contain heavy metals in traces. Very little/ no published information is available on the preclinical toxicity or mutagenicity of these Bhasmas. Considering the recent controversy over the risk of toxic heavy metals in ayurvedic herbo-mineral preparations, we studied the genotoxic potential of few such preparations. Most popular Bhasmas were investigated Ras Manikya Ras, Lauha Bhasma, Tamra Bhasma and Kajjali Bhasma. A single dose (200mg/kg b.w) was administered orally to Wistar rats. Peripheral blood leukocytes and bone marrow samples were collected. Micronucleus assay and the comet assay were employed to study the endpoint of chromosomal damage and single / doublestrand DNA breaks. The results revealed lack of induction of Micronuclei or DNA damage as evidenced by the Comet assay, despite the presence of traces of transformed toxic heavy metals.
Apoptosis-induced ectodomain shedding of hypoxia-regulated carbonic anhydrase IX from tumor cells: a double-edged response to chemotherapy (2016)

These findings imply that the increased level of the circulating CA IX ECD might be useful as an indicator of an effective antitumor chemotherapy. Conversely, elevated CA IX ECD might generate unwanted effects through autocrine/paracrine signaling potentially contributing to resistance and tumor progression.
[Quantitative detection of spermatogenesis cells and qualitative assessment of meiosis stages in the ejaculate of normo- and oligozoospermia]. (1988)

Meiosis examinations in semen have been aspired in 106 patients of an andrologic outpatient clinic. Diakinesis and metaphase could be represented in 15 per cent. No meiosis analysis was possible in 12 per cent of the males. The increase of the immature spermatozoa count from 8 per cent in case of normozoospermia to 55 per cent in oligozoospermia III. degree was highly significant. Better quality of meiosis representation correlated to the increasing number of spermatogenesis cells.
Acute in vivo resistance in high-dose therapy. (1998)

In the design of sequential high-dose chemotherapy regimens, the selection of antitumor alkylating agents to be included in each intensification and the interval between the intensifications are critical to the design of the therapy. The tumor cell survival assay and tumor growth delay assay using the murine EMT-6 mammary carcinoma were used as a solid tumor model in which to address these issues. Tumor-bearing mice were treated with high-dose melphalan or cyclophosphamide followed 7 or 12 days later by melphalan, cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, or carboplatin. After treatment with melphalan both 7 and 12 days later, the tumor was resistant to each of the four drugs studied. After treatment with cyclophosphamide both 7 and 12 days later, the tumor was resistant to melphalan and thiotepa but was not resistant to cyclophosphamide or carboplatin. To extend the interval between high-dose treatments to 14 and 21 days, after the first intensification the tumor was transferred to second hosts that were either drug-treated or not drug treated. When high-dose melphalan-treated tumors were treated with a second high dose of melphalan, the tumors were very resistant with the 14-day interval and less resistant with the 21-day interval. This small effect was evident in the bone marrow colony-forming unit, granulocyte-macrophage (CFU-GM), except in the hosts pretreated with melphalan. When high-dose cyclophosphamide-treated tumors were treated with a second high dose of cyclophosphamide, drug resistance was observed both with the 14-day and 21-day interval if the host was non-pretreated or was pretreated with melphalan, but not if the host was pretreated with cyclophosphamide. The same was true in the bone marrow CFU-GM. Tumor growth delay studies supported these findings in that treatment with high-dose cyclophosphamide, melphalan, thiotepa, and carboplatin resulted in less than additive tumor growth delay, whereas treatment with high-dose cyclophosphamide prior to treatment with high-dose melphalan, cyclophosphamide, thiotepa, or carboplatin resulted in additivity to greater-than-additive tumor growth delay. High-dose combination regimens required dose reduction of the drugs, which resulted in decreased tumor growth delays.
Composite Materials (2014)

Considered to have contributed greatly to the pre-sizing of composite structures, Composite Materials: Design and Applications is a popular reference book for designers of heavily loaded composite parts. Fully updated to mirror the exponential growth and development of composites, this English-language Third Edition:Contains all-new coverage of nan
Normal acoustic modes and Brillouin scattering in single-mode optical fibers (1979)

Brillouin scattering in single-mode optical fibers has been investigated both theoretically and experimentally for a 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} scattering geometry and experimentally for a 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} scattering angle. The acoustic normal modes were derived and numerically evaluated for a cylindrical step-index fiber with both an infinite and a finite cladding. It was found that the phonon population which contributes to the Brillouin back-scattering spectrum is both narrower in range and shifted in frequency when compared to the corresponding case in the bulk medium. Back-scattering experiments were performed which yielded the intrinsic phonon lifetime for the longitudinally polarized excitations which are responsible for stimulated Brillouin scattering in the core of a 1.5-\ensuremath{\mu}m (radius) fiber. Brillouin spectra were also observed at a scattering angle of 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, and the widths of the spectral components were interpreted in terms of nonconservation of wave vector along the radial direction in the acousto-optic interaction. The consequences of these results to stimulated Brillouin scattering in optical fibers are discussed.
Fuzzy reasoning implemented by neural networks (2003)

Viewing the given rule-base as defining a global linguistic association constrained by fuzzy sets, approximate reasoning is implemented by a backpropagation neural network (BNN) with the aid of the fuzzy set theory. The underlying principles are examined in detail using two examples, paying particular attention to the capability of generalization of the BNN. The simulation results indicate the feasibility of the BNN-based approach. It is demonstrated that a forward-chaining fuzzy reasoning system with parallel rule-bases can be implemented within the framework of neural networks. The studies into the BNN-based fuzzy controller suggest that, besides a seeming resemblance between rules and patterns in the logic-based and BNN-based approaches, there exists a deeper similarity in the information processing aspect in them, namely, fuzziness vs. distributiveness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phospholipase A2-Responsive Phosphate Micelle-Loaded UCNPs for Bioimaging of Prostate Cancer Cells (2017)

Abstract We report the effective synthesis of biocompatible upconversion nanoparticles (UCNP)-loaded phosphate micelles and successful delivery of UCNPs to prostate cancer cells via secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA-2) enzyme cleavage of the loaded micelles for the first time. The activity of the (sPLA-2) enzyme toward the synthesized micelles was investigated and confirmed by LC-MS. TEM results showed that the micelles have a size distribution of 80 to 150 nm, whereas UCNP-loaded micelles range from 200 to 350 nm, indicating the successful loading of UCNPs. The selective release of UCNPs to prostate cancer cells rather than other cells, specifically cervical cancer cells, was observed and confirmed by a range of bioimaging studies. Moreover, cytotoxicity assays confirmed the biocompatibility of the UCNP-loaded micelles.
Simple explanation of the no free lunch theorem of optimization (2003)

The no free lunch theorem of optimization (NFLT) is an impossibility theorem telling us that a general-purpose universal optimization strategy is impossible, and the only way one strategy can outperform another is if it is specialized to the structure of the specific problem under consideration. Since virtually all decision and control problems can be cast as optimization problems, an appreciation of the NFLT and its consequences is essential for control engineers. We present a framework for conceptualizing optimization problems that leads useful insights and a simple explanation of the NFLT.
Seronegative myasthenia gravis: A plasma factor inhibiting agonist‐induced acetylcholine receptor function copurifies with IgM (1991)

Abstract Anti—acetylcholine receptor antibodies cannot be detected by standard radioimmunoassay in 10 to 15% of patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (seronegative myasthenia gravis). We investigated the effect of seronegative myasthenia gravis plasma on 22 Na + flux through acetylcholine receptors and voltage‐gated sodium channels in the human rhabdomyosarcoma cell line, TE671. Fourteen of 19 seronegative MG plasmas inhibited acetylcholine receptor 22 Na + flux; none inhibited voltage‐gated sodium channel flux. The inhibitory activity was found in the IgG‐depleted fraction, and copurified with IgM after gel‐filtration chromatography. Inhibitory activity was absent from the plasma of 8 healthy control subjects and of 6 patients with the Lambert‐Eaton myasthenic syndrome, but was present in the IgG‐depleted plasma fraction of 4 of 6 seropositive patients with myasthenia gravis and all 5 patients with demyelinating polyneuropathy. We conclude that a low‐affinity serum factor, probably an IgM antibody, found in a high proportion in patients with seronegative and those with seropositive myasthenia gravis may contribute to the muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis, but its role in these and other neuroimmunological disorders requires further investigation.