gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size- and Composition-Dependent Response of the DAWN-A Multiangle Single-Particle Optical Detector (1994)

The performance of the DAWN-A differential light-scattering detector (Wyatt et al., 1988. Appl. Opt. 27:217–221) was characterized in laboratory experiments. Objectives of this work included measurement of size-dependent counting efficiencies and of angular scattering patterns for spherical particles of known size and composition. Counting efficiencies for polystyrene latex (PSL) spheres of nine sizes in the 0.14–0.97-μm diameter range were obtained as a function of the trigger threshold level. Counting efficiencies were found to increase with increasing particle size and decreasing trigger threshold level. Maximum observed counting efficiencies were in the range of 50% to 60%, indicating that the half-width of the laser beam was about a factor of 2 narrower than the width of the particle beam in the scattering volume. A distribution of pulse heights was observed for particles of a given size, reflecting the variability of the illumination intensity. Angular scattering patterns of PSL, dioctyl sebacate (DOS), and methylene blue for nine different sizes in the 0.14–0.97-μm size range were obtained; measurements were also done with 0.55-μm (at 7% relative humidity) sulfuric acid droplets exposed to eight different relative humidities in the 7% to 81% range. The PSL data were used to calibrate the detectors. For the other materials, Lorenz-Mie theory was used to determine the “best” value of the complex refractive index to match measurements to theory for each particle size investigated. For sulfuric acid, the inferred imaginary component of refractive index was zero as expected, while the real component was within 2% of the literature value over the range of relative humidities investigated. For DOS (expected value = 1.46 + 0.00i), the inferred real component of refractive index was, on average, 4% greater than the expected value, and the average inferred imaginary component was 0.02 for particles 0.32 μm. Small signal-to-noise led to poor agreement between theory and measurement for 0.14-μm particles. For methylene blue, which has a nonzero imaginary component (expected value = 0.82 + 0.40i), there were large uncertainties in the inferred refractive index values due to problems in generating spherical, homogeneous particles.
Blocking Interferon β Stimulates Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Arteriogenesis (2010)

Increased interferon (IFN)-β signaling in patients with insufficient coronary collateralization and an inhibitory effect of IFNβ on collateral artery growth in mice have been reported. The mechanisms of IFNβ-induced inhibition of arteriogenesis are unknown. In stimulated monocytes from patients with chronic total coronary artery occlusion and decreased arteriogenic response, whole genome expression analysis showed increased expression of IFNβ-regulated genes. Immunohistochemically, the IFNβ receptor was localized in the vascular media of murine collateral arteries. Treatment of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) with IFNβ resulted in an attenuated proliferation, cell-cycle arrest, and increased expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor-1A (p21). The growth inhibitory effect of IFNβ was attenuated by inhibition of p21 by RNA interference. IFNβ-treated THP1 monocytes showed enhanced apoptosis. Subsequently, we tested if collateral artery growth can be stimulated by inhibition of IFNβ-signaling. RNA interference of the IFNβ receptor-1 (IFNAR1) increased VSMC proliferation, cell cycle progression, and reduced p21 gene expression. IFNβ signaling and FAS and TRAIL expression were attenuated in monocytes from IFNAR1(-/-) mice, indicating reduced monocyte apoptosis. Hindlimb perfusion restoration 1 week after femoral artery ligation was improved in IFNAR1(-/-) mice compared with wild-type mice as assessed by infusion of fluorescent microspheres. These results demonstrate that IFNβ inhibits collateral artery growth and VSMC proliferation through p21-dependent cell cycle arrest and induction of monocyte apoptosis. Inhibition of IFNβ stimulates VSMC proliferation and collateral artery growth.
X‐ray Diffraction Analysis of the Pyrolytic Conversion of Perhydropolysilazane into Silicon Nitride (1994)

A detailed investigation using X‐ray diffraction and other supportive techniques was performed on a preceramic polysilazane to study its pyrolytic conversion to silicon nitride (Si 3 N 4 ). Analytical techniques were developed to determine the volumetric degree of crystallinity with respect to pyrolysis temperature. Quantitative data for crystallite size, phase composition, and degree of crystallinity versus pyrolysis temperature and atmosphere (nitrogen and ammonia) are presented. Pyrolytic products produced under nitrogen and ammonia atmospheres consist of microcrystals of silicon, α‐Si 3 N 4 , and β‐Si 3 N 4 . Under both atmospheres, a majority of the char is crystalline at ≅1270°C, and the entire char is crystallized at 1400°C. Pyrolysis under an ammonia atmosphere produces nearly stoichiometric Si 3 N 4 , while pyrolysis under nitrogen produces silicon‐rich material.
An Observational Study of Inhaled‐Treprostinil Respiratory‐Related Safety in Patients with Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2016)

Inhaled treprostinil (Tyvaso) has been shown to be a safe and effective addition to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) oral therapies; however, the respiratory-related safety profile of inhaled treprostinil required further elucidation in the setting of routine clinical care. The objectives of this study were to characterize respiratory-related adverse events (AEs) associated with current or recent treatment with inhaled treprostinil and to compare the incidence of respiratory-related AEs in PAH patients treated with inhaled treprostinil with that in patients treated with other Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved PAH therapies. This was a long-term, prospective, observational study. All respiratory-related AEs were recorded during the study. The number of PAH patients enrolled was 1,333, 666 treated with inhaled treprostinil and 667 controls (treated with an FDA-approved PAH therapy other than inhaled treprostinil), for a total of 958 and 1,094 patient-years of exposure, respectively. In the inhaled-treprostinil group, 1,281 respiratory-related AEs were reported in 403 patients (61%), and in the control group, 1,295 respiratory-related AEs were reported in 388 patients (58%). Cough, throat irritation, nasal discomfort, and hemoptysis were the most common respiratory-related AEs (occurring in ≥2% of patients in either treatment group) that demonstrated a higher number of events per patient-year of exposure in the inhaled-treprostinil group than in the control group (risk ratio [95% confidence interval]: 1.487 [1.172-1.887], 3.777 [2.050-6.956], 2.039 [1.072-3.879], and 1.957 [1.024-3.741], respectively). Overall, inhaled treprostinil was well tolerated by PAH patients in routine clinical care, with respiratory-related AEs consistent with the known safety profile (trial registration: clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01266265).
Optimal scheduling using priced timed automata (2005)

This contribution reports on the considerable effort made recently towards extending and applying well-established timed automata technology to optimal scheduling and planning problems. The effort of the authors in this direction has to a large extent been carried out as part of the European projects VHS [20] and AMETIST [16] and are available in the recently released UPPAAL CORA [12], a variant of the real-time verification tool UPPAAL [18, 5] specialized for cost-optimal reachability for the extended model of so-called priced timed automata.
Role of photoacoustics in optogalvanics (1990)

Time-resolved laser optogalvanic (LOG) signals have been induced by pulsed laser excitation (lsj→2pk, Paschen notation) of a ∼30 MHz radio-frequency (rf) discharge in neon at ∼5 torr. Dramatic changes of the shape/polarity of certain parts of the LOG signals occur when the rf excitation frequency is scanned over the electrical resonance peak of the plasma and the associated driving/detecting circuits. These effects are attributed to ionization rate changes (i.e., laser-induced alterations of the plasma conductivity), with concomitant variations in the plasma resonance characteristics. In addition to ionization rate changes, it is shown that photoacoustic (PA) effects also play a significant role in the generation of the LOG signal. Those parts of the LOG signal that are invariant with respect to the rf frequency are attributed to a PA effect. The similarity of LOG signal shapes from both rf and dc discharges suggests that photoacoustics play a similar role in the LOG effect in dc discharges. Contrary to common belief, most reported LOG signal profiles, ones produced by excitation to levels that do not lie close to the ionization threshold, appear to be totally mediated by the PA effect.
Detached Eddy Simulations for Iced Airfoils (2005)

To improve the predictive ability of the stall behavior for iced airfoils, computations using the detached eddy simulation (DES) approach were conducted. The WIND code with the DES methodology was first validated with a well-documented flow past a circular cylinder. The validation results were in good agreement with the experimental and previous numerical results for the time-averaged aerodynamic forces, as well as for the unsteady flowfield pattern. DES computations were then performed for a series of angles of attack (around the stall angle) fo rN ACA 23012 and natural laminar flow (NLF) 0414 airfoils with a simulated (two-dimensional) ice shape on the upper surface. The spanwise domain for these simulations was scaled based on the expected height of the separation region, consistent with previous blunt-body large eddy simulation and DES. The DES for both iced airfoils provided the maximum lift coefficients and stall angles that were qualitatively consistent with experiments [whereas Reynolds-averaged Navier‐Stokes (RANS) simulations of the same cases failed to provide either such behavior]. However, the DES approach was much more computationally intensive, and even higher grid resolution within the separated flow region is suggested to improve the predictive performance for this technique.
Hyperthermia equipment evaluation (1994)

This article looks briefly at the advances over the past 2 decades in the development of equipment for administering clinical hyperthermia, and observes that while there has been much progress, the equipment available today still does not meet the design criteria articulated 20 years ago. The assertation is made that the testing of hyperthermia equipment in animals has not addressed the questions most of interest in the clinic, and a suggestion is made for a more rigorous way to evaluate clinical equipment. Finally some areas where significant progress in equipment development seems possible are mentioned.
A Multidisciplinary Artificial Intelligence Model of an Affective Robot (2012)

A multidisciplinary approach to a novel artificial intelligence system for an affective robot is presented in this paper. The general objective of the system is to develop a robotic system which strives to achieve a high level of emotional bond between humans and robot by exploring human love. Such a relationship is a contingent process of attraction, affection and attachment from humans towards robots, and the belief of the vice versa from robots to humans. The advanced artificial intelligence of the system includes three modules, namely Probabilistic Love Assembly (PLA), based on the psychology of love, Artificial Endocrine System (AES), based on the physiology of love, and Affective State Transition (AST), based on emotions. The PLA module employs a Bayesian network to incorporate psychological parameters of affection in the robot. The AES module employs artificial emotional and biological hormones via a Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). The AST module uses a novel transition method for handling affective states of the robot. These three modules work together to manage emotional behaviours of the robot.
Synthesis of substituted 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4‐methylpyrroles (1977)

Abstract A facile route for the synthesis of substituted 2‐amino‐3‐cyano‐4‐methylpyrroles from N ‐acetyl‐α‐amino ketones and malononitrile is reported.
PdAs<sub>2</sub>O<sub>6</sub>, the First Paramagnetic Palladium Oxide. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Mucin Agarose Gel Electrophoresis: Western Blotting for High-molecular-weight Glycoproteins (2016)

Mucins, the heavily-glycosylated proteins lining mucosal surfaces, have evolved as a key component of innate defense by protecting the epithelium against invading pathogens. The main role of these macromolecules is to facilitate particle trapping and clearance while promoting lubrication of the mucosa. During protein synthesis, mucins undergo intense O-glycosylation and multimerization, which dramatically increase the mass and size of these molecules. These post-translational modifications are critical for the viscoelastic properties of mucus. As a result of the complex biochemical and biophysical nature of these molecules, working with mucins provides many challenges that cannot be overcome by conventional protein analysis methods. For instance, their high-molecular-weight prevents electrophoretic migration via regular polyacrylamide gels and their sticky nature causes adhesion to experimental tubing. However, investigating the role of mucins in health (e.g., maintaining mucosal integrity) and disease (e.g., hyperconcentration, mucostasis, cancer) has recently gained interest and mucins are being investigated as a therapeutic target. A better understanding of the production and function of mucin macromolecules may lead to novel pharmaceutical approaches, e.g., inhibitors of mucin granule exocytosis and/or mucolytic agents. Therefore, consistent and reliable protocols to investigate mucin biology are critical for scientific advancement. Here, we describe conventional methods to separate mucin macromolecules by electrophoresis using an agarose gel, transfer protein into nitrocellulose membrane, and detect signal with mucin-specific antibodies as well as infrared fluorescent gel reader. These techniques are widely applicable to determine mucin quantitation, multimerization and to test the effects of pharmacological compounds on mucins.
Multi-objective Optimisation of Rolling Upgrade Allowing for Failures in Clouds (2015)

Rolling upgrade is a practical industry technique for online updating of software in distributed systems. This paper focuses on rolling upgrade of software versions in virtual machine instances on cloud computing platforms, when various failures may occur. An operator can choose the number of instances that are updated in one round and system environments to minimise completion time, availability degradation, and monetary cost for entire rolling upgrade, and hence this is a multi-objective optimisation problem. To predict completion time in the presence of failures, we offer a stochastic model that represents the dynamics of rolling upgrade. To reduce the computational effort of decision making for large scale complex systems, we propose a technique that can find a Pareto set quickly via an upper bound of the expected completion time. Then an optimum of the original problem can be chosen from this set of potential solutions. We validate our approach to minimise the objectives, through both experiments in Amazon Web Service (AWS) and simulations.
Preparation, Characterization, and Surface Modification of Carbon-Encapsulated Nickel Nanoparticles (2009)

Carbon-encapsulated nanonickel particles were prepared by heating nickel acetate highly dispersed in cured phenolic resin at 673 K in N2. The metallic nickel cores were about 50—80 nm in diameter, completely encapsulated with carbon shells about 10 nm thick. No byproduct, such as carbides, carbon rods, and carbon fibers, were formed in the samples prepared this way. The carbon shells prevented the metallic nickel cores from oxidation by air at high temperatures. The metallic cores remained even after the encapsulated particles were treated with 6 M hydrochloric acid solution for 24 h. The surface of the encapsulated particles was originally hydrophobic due to the hydrophobic property of the carbon shells formed under the high carbonization temperature. The treatment of the encapsulated particles with O3 at room temperature generated substantial amounts of carboxylic groups on the outer surface of carbon shells, leading to the hydrophilic surface of the encapsulated nanonickel particles.
Uveitis and pupillary block glaucoma in an aphakic dog (2002)

Unilateral uveitis with pupillary occlusion and secondary glaucoma was treated with neodymium:YAG laser iridotomy and iridencleisis in an aphakic 2-year-old male Miniature Schnuauzer. The dog presented 4 months after bilateral phacoemulsification with a complaint of blepharospasm of the left eye. Examination revealed anterior uveitis with pupillary occlusion and iris bombé. A slit-lamp mounted Q-switched Nd:YAG laser was used to create a central iridotomy to deepen the anterior chamber and an iridencleisis was performed to recreate a pupil. The eye remained visual and normotensive over a 6-month follow-up period.
Microsoft Office 2011 for Mac: Introductory (2012)

Introduce your students to the new generation of Microsoft Office for Mac with the new generation of Shelly Cashman Series books! For the past three decades, the Shelly Cashman Series has effectively introduced computer skills to millions of students. With Office 2011 for Mac, we're continuing our history of innovation by enhancing our proven pedagogy to reflect the learning styles of today's students. In Microsoft Office 2011 for Mac: Introductory you'll find features that are specifically designed to engage students, improve retention, and prepare them for future success. Our trademark step-by-step, screen-by-screen approach now encourages students to expand their understanding of the Office 2011 software through experimentation, exploration, and planning ahead. Brand new end of chapter exercises prepare students to become more capable software users by requiring them to use critical thinking and problem-solving skills to create real-life documents.
A 60-MHz 240-mW MPEG-4 videophone LSI with 16-Mb embedded DRAM (2000)

A 240-mW single-chip MPEG-4 videophone LSI with a 16-Mb embedded DRAM is fabricated utilizing a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS triple-well quad-metal technology. The videophone LSI is applied to the 3GPP 3G-324M video-telephony standard for IMT-2000, and implements the MPEG-4 video SPL1 codec, the AMR speech codec, and the ITU-T H.223 Annex B multiplexing/demultiplexing at the same time. Three 16-bit multimedia-extended RISC processors, dedicated hardware accelerators, and a 16-Mb embedded DRAM are integrated on a 10.84 mm/spl times/10.84 mm die. It also integrates camera, display, audio, and network interfaces required for a mobile video-phone terminal. In addition to conventional low-power techniques, such as clock gating and parallel operation, some new low-power techniques are also employed. These include an embedded DRAM with optimized configuration, a low-power motion estimator, and the adoption of the variable-threshold voltage CMOS (VT-CMOS). The MPEG-4 videophone LSI consumes 240 mW at 60 MHz, which is only 22% of that for a conventional multichip design. Variable threshold voltage CMOS reduces standby leakage current to 26 /spl mu/A, which is only 17% of that for the conventional CMOS design.
Real Time Caprock Integrity Monitoring Becomes Reality (2015)

Summary Octio has installed an unique PRM system at the Oseberg field on the Norwegian continental shelf for monitoring of a waste injection well. The system consists of 172 nodes with 3 MEMS accelerometers and hydrophone and its layout has been designed both for passive monitoring and 4D seismic surveys. The system has been continuously recording data since its start-up in October 2013 with very low total downtime. To present the system performance we show analysis of data including perforation shots in the designated well and neighboring wells, a microseismic event generated during the first test injection cycle and we discuss noise removal techniques developed exclusively for this installation.
Cross-talk between steroid-receptor-mediated and cell-membrane-receptor-mediated signalling pathways results in the in vivo modulation of c-Met and ornithine decarboxylase gene expression in mouse kidney (2001)

The cross-talk in vivo between two signalling pathways activated by testosterone via intracellular androgen receptor, and induced by damage to renal tubules evoked by anti-folate [N10-propargyl-5,8-dideazafolic acid (CB 3717)] or folate is reported. We show that CB 3717/folate induces the expression of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met signalling system in injured kidneys in which a significant, but transient, elevation of the HGF mRNA level occurs. It is followed by a severalfold increase in the c-Met transmembrane receptor message that persists for up to 24h. The c-Met expression is also positively controlled by testosterone, which induces a significant increase in its mRNA level that is abolished by an anti-androgen, casodex. However, when testosterone and anti-folate/folate are administered sequentially, a substantial (3.5Ő4.0-fold) decrease in the increase of c-Met expression caused by CB 3717/folate alone occurs. Similarly, testosterone-induced ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) mRNA level and activity are decreased 2.8Ő7.7-fold when the androgen is applied together with CB 3717. Antagonism between these pathways is also visible under physiological conditions in the kidneys of male mice in which, owing to elevated endogenous testosterone levels, neither the ODC activity nor the mRNA level is induced by anti-folate/folate, whereas the c-Met message response to these drugs is significantly decreased. Our results document a substantial negative regulation of c-Met and ODC gene expression as a result of the cross-talk between testosterone-activated and HGF-activated pathways and suggest a sex-differentiated response to injury of mouse kidneys.
Necessarily contingent, equally different, and relatively universal: The antinomies of Ernesto Laclau's social logic of hegemony (2000)

(2000). Necessarily contingent, equally different, and relatively universal: The antinomies of Ernesto Laclau's social logic of hegemony. Rethinking Marxism: Vol. 12, No. 3, pp. 38-57.
Large Scale Production of Erythritol and Its Conversion to<scp>d</scp>-Mannitol Production by<i>n</i>-Alkane-grown<i>Candida zeylanoides</i> (1974)

Journal Article Large Scale Production of Erythritol and Its Conversion to d-Mannitol Production by n-Alkane-grown Candida zeylanoides Get access Kiyoji Hattori, Kiyoji Hattori Tokyo Research Laboratory, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Machida, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Takeo Suzuki Takeo Suzuki Tokyo Research Laboratory, Kyowa Hakko Kogyo Co., Ltd., Machida, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 38, Issue 6, 1 June 1974, Pages 1203–1208, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1974.10861309 Published: 01 June 1974 Article history Received: 28 December 1973 Published: 01 June 1974
A simple method for producing liquid or solid NMR samples containing dissolved gases at elevated pressures (1994)

The method and apparatus for preparing liquid or solid NMR samples containing dissolved gas at elevated pressures up to 5 MPa is described. A minimal amount of gas under pressure (a few mm3), avoiding dangerous explosions, is stored in the samples. Any contact of the liquid with metal and contamination is avoided by using the frozen liquid as valves. The samples can be stored and studied by different spectroscopies, such as ESR, IR, or UV spectroscopy. Sample rotation in NMR spectroscopy and temperature variations are possible.