gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fine Mapping of Cla015407 Controlling Plant Height in Watermelon (2021)

The plant compact and dwarf growth habit is an important agronomic trait when breeding watermelon ( Citrullus lanatus ) cultivars because of their reduced vine length, high-density planting, and better land utilization; however, the genetic basis of the dwarf growth habit is not well-known. In this study, the plant population of six generations, P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1P1, and BC1P2, were studied. A genetic segregation analysis demonstrated that dwarfism is mainly controlled by a single recessive Cldw gene. Furthermore, whole-genome sequencing of two distinct watermelon cultivars, W1-1 (P1) and 812 (P2), was performed and preliminarily mapped through a bulked segregant analysis of F2 individuals that revealed the Cldw gene locus on chromosome 9. Two candidate genes, Cla015407 and Cla015408 , were discovered at the delimited region of 43.2 kb by fine mapping, and gene annotation exposed that the Cla015407 gene encodes gibberellic acid 3β-hydroxylase protein. In addition, a comparative analysis of gene sequence and cultivars sequences across the reference genome of watermelon revealed the splice site mutation in the intron region of the Cldw gene in dwarf-type cultivar 812. The quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction exhibited a significantly higher expression of the Cla015407 gene in cultivar W1-1 compared with 812. There was no significant difference in the vine length of both cultivars after gibberellic acid treatment. In brief, our fine mapping demonstrated that Cla015407 is a candidate gene controlling dwarfism of watermelon plants.
Molecular cloning of human p48, a transient component of progesterone receptor complexes and an Hsp70-binding protein. (1996)

A 48-kDa protein (p48) that transiently associates with progesterone receptor during cell-free assembly in rabbit reticulocyte lysate was isolated by two-dimensional gel separation. Tryptic peptide sequences were generated and used to develop an antipeptide antiserum recognizing p48 by Western immunostaining, and this antiserum was used to monitor purification of native p48 from reticulocyte lysate. Eight mouse monoclonal antibodies capable of immunoprecipitating vertebrate p48 were generated. These monoclonal antibodies served as probes to clone ten p48 cDNAs from a HeLa cDNA expression library. One of the cloned cDNAs was sequenced in its entirety and codes for a 369-amino acid protein (calculated Mr = 41,324). Northern blot analysis of RNA from multiple human tissues suggest that p48 may be ubiquitously expressed. Expression of human p48 cDNA in vitro yielded a product that comigrated with rabbit p48 by SDS-PAGE and associated with progesterone receptor in a similar manner. Immunoprecipitation of p48 complexes revealed a common association of p48 with hsp70 and, to a lesser extent, with hsp90 and p60. Thus, it appears that p48 is a novel component of the cytoplasmic molecular chaperone machinery.
Bioinspired Nonheme Iron Complexes Derived from an Extended Series of N,N,O-Ligated <b>BAIP</b> Ligands (2013)

A series of mononuclear Fe(II) triflate complexes based on the 3,3-bis(1-alkylimidazole-2-yl)propionate ester (BAIP) ligand scaffold are reported. In these complexes, the tripodal N,N,O-BAIP ester ligand is varied by (i) changing the ester moiety (i.e., n-Pr, tert-Bu esters, n-Pr amide), (ii) changing the methylimidazole moieties to methylbenzimidazole moieties, and (iii) changing the methylimidazole moieties to 1-ethyl-4-isopropylimidazole moieties. The general structure of the resulting complexes comprises two facially capping BAIP ligands around a coordinatively saturated octahedral Fe(II) center, with either a transoid or cisoid orientation of the N,N,O-donor manifold that depends on the combined steric and electronic demand of the ligands. In the case of the sterically most encumbered ligand, a four-coordinate all N-coordinate complex is formed as well, which cocrystallizes with the six-coordinate complex. In combination with the catalytic properties of the new complexes in the epoxidation/cis-dihydroxylation of cyclooctene with H2O2, in terms of turnover number and cis-diol formation, these studies provide a number of insights for further ligand design and catalyst development aimed at Fe-mediated cis-dihydroxylation.
Sugar Isomerases (1963)

Enzymatic activity for isomerizing D-glucose to D-fructose was demonstrated in the extracts from the D-xylose-grown cells of heterolactic acid bacteria; the enzyme was called the D-glucose isomerase. D-Xylose was found to be the only active source of carbon among the sugars tested for this enzyme production. Supplements of manganese and cobaltous ions to synthetic or malt extract media caused the remarkable acceleration on this enzyme production.
[Investigation of mechanisms of neuro-protective effect of semax in acute period of ischemic stroke]. (1999)

Semax is the first domestic nootropic drug of an unexhausted type from the group of neuropeptides. In experimental studies it showed angioprotective, antihypoxic and neurotrophic activity in the doses 100-150 micrograms/kg. A combined clinical-electrophysiologic study revealed its high efficiency in acute ischemic stroke. A clinical trial was performed of immunobiochemical mechanisms of neuroprotective properties of Semax in acute period of ischemic stroke. A retrospective comparative clinicoimmunobiochemical analysis provided objective data on the molecular level on activating influence of Semax on antiinflammatory postischemic reactions in the brain. Shifting neuromediatory balance toward a prevalence of the antiinflammatory agents (interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha) over the factors maintaining the inflammation (interleukin-8, C-reactive protein).
Fast surface interpolation using hierarchical basis functions (1990)

An alternative to multigrid relaxation that is much easier to implement and more generally applicable is presented. Conjugate gradient descent is used in conjunction with a hierarchical (multiresolution) set of basis functions. The resultant algorithm uses a pyramid to smooth the residual vector before the direction is computed. Simulation results showing the speed of convergence and its dependence on the choice of interpolator, the number of smoothing levels, and other factors are presented. The relationship of this approach to other multiresolution relaxation and representation schemes is also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Optimization Of Artificial Ageing Time And Temperature On Evaluation Of Hardness And Resistivity Of Al-Si-Mg (Cu Or/& Ni) Alloys (2014)

The factors necessary to obtain an optimal heat treatment that influence the hardness and resistivity of Al-6Si-0.5Mg casting alloys with Cu or/and Ni additions were investigated. The alloys were homogenised (24hr at 500<sup>o</sup>C), solutionized (2hr at 540<sup>o</sup>C) and artificially ageing at various times and temperatures. The alloys were aged isochronally for 60 minutes at temperatures up to 400<sup>o</sup>C and isothermally at 150, 175, 200, 225, 250 & 300<sup>o</sup>C for different periods in the range 15 to 360 minutes. The hardness and electrical resistivity of the alloys were measured for various artificial ageing times and temperatures. From the isochronal ageing treatment, hardness found maximum ageing at 225<sup>o</sup>C. And from the isothermal ageing treatment, hardness found maximum for 60 minutes at 225<sup>o</sup>C. So the optimal heat treatment consists of 60 minutes ageing at 225<sup>o</sup>C.
La polémica tentación del "cine a un euro" (2007)

La campana Mayores de cine, que ha permitido a las personas con mas de 60 anos de la Comunidad de Madrid acudir los martes a las salas por solo un euro, parece que ha dejado buena impronta. En cuatro meses se ha triplicado el numero de espectadores con mas de 60 anos, y otras comunidades estudian sumarse a esta iniciativa, pero por otro lado, algunos distribuidores se consideran perjudicados y piden que la Administracion tambien les tenga en cuenta a la hora de pactar estrategias, condiciones y subvenciones.
Effect of monensin on Mason-Pfizer monkey virus glycoprotein synthesis (1982)

The effect of the monovalent carboxylic ionophore monensin on the biosynthesis, intracellular transport, and surface expression of the glycoproteins of Mason-Pfizer monkey virus was examined. Cells treated with monensin at concentrations of 10(-7) or 10(-6) M continued to synthesize virus particles, which from electron microscopic studies appeared to bud normally from the plasma membrane of the cells. However, the particles released had an altered buoyant density in sucrose gradients and were noninfectious. These noninfectious virions had a normal complement of non-glycosylated polypeptides but showed a significantly reduced amount of glycosylated proteins. The gp70 and gp20 polypeptides appeared to be completely absent, and a heterogeneous, higher-molecular-weight protein was observed on the virions instead. Studies on intracellular protein synthesis indicated that the precursor (Pr86env) to gp70 and gp20 is synthesized normally but is not cleaved to the mature proteins. Immunofluorescence studies showed, however, that the uncleaved molecule is expressed on the cell surface. In this system, therefore, Mason-Pfizer monkey virus glycoprotein migration appears to occur in the presence of monensin, whereas the cleavage and insertion of the glycoproteins into virions are inhibited.
Effects of meal carbohydrate content on insulin requirements in type 1 diabetic patients treated intensively with the basal-bolus (ultralente-regular) insulin regimen. (1999)

These results indicate that in type 1 diabetic subjects 1) increasing the amount of carbohydrate intake does not influence glycemic control if premeal regular insulin is adjusted to the carbohydrate content of the meals; 2) algorithms based on U/10 g of carbohydrate are effective and safe, whatever the amount of carbohydrate in the meal; 3) the glycemic index, fiber, and lipidic and caloric content of the meals do not affect premeal regular insulin requirements; 4) wide variations in carbohydrate intake do not modify basal (ultralente) insulin requirements; and, finally 5) the ultralente-regular insulin regimen allows dissection between basal and prandial insulin requirements, so that each can be adjusted accurately and independently.
Conclusion (2019)

The governance and management of universities in Asia has undergone significant changes, predominantly driven by the global trend of granting of institutional autonomy or corporatising public universities. This concluding chapter summarises the findings of the study according to the themes of governance and structure, appointive power, finance and funding, corporate managerialism, academic matters, and tensions and conflicts. Although higher education policies in this vein are aimed at improving the efficiency and productivity of the universities, such changes have also brought about unintended and unforeseen outcomes. For instance, the granting of institutional autonomy from the government to individual universities is a form of decentralisation, yet from the perspective of the academics at the institutional level, such a new form of autonomy is simply a shift of centralised governance from the government to the university, where the vice chancellor or president is tellingly referred to as the “chief executive officer” (CEO). In other areas, the outcomes of such changes are more predictable where the setting of research priorities is increasingly determined by senior managers rather than academic staff, because of the former’s preference for applied research that would attract more external funding from the private sector.
Automatic Learning of Morphological Variations for Handling Out-of-Vocabulary Terms in Urdu-English MT (2008)

We present an approach for online handling of Out-of-Vocabulary (OOV) terms in Urdu-English MT. Since Urdu is morphologically richer than English, we expect a large portion of the OOV terms to be Urdu morphological variations that are irrelevant to English. We describe an approach to automatically learn English-irrelevant (target-irrelevant) Urdu (source) morphological variation rules from standard phrase tables. These rules are learned in an unsupervised (or lightly supervised) manner by exploiting redundancy in Urdu and collocation with English translations. We use these rules to hypothesize in-vocabulary alternatives to the OOV terms. Our results show that we reduce the OOV rate from a standard baseline average of 2.6% to an average of 0.3% (or 89% relative decrease). We also increase the BLEU score by 0.45 (absolute) and 2.8% (relative) on a standard test set. A manual error analysis shows that 28% of handled OOV cases produce acceptable translations in context.
n‐Type Copolymers with Fluorene and 1,3,4‐Heterodiazole Moieties (2004)

Abstract Summary: The successful realization of n‐channel field‐effect transistors requires the application of semiconducting polymers with high electron mobility (n‐type). However, reports on n‐type polymers are rather scarce in the literature. Therefore, the development of polymers with suitable electron transport properties is particularly challenging for the synthetic chemistry. Main chain polymers with strong acceptor units, such as 1,3,4‐heterodiazoles, are potential candidates for electron transport materials in electronic devices. The fluorene unit is another ring system with interesting physical and chemical properties, which is often used in rigid‐rod, main chain polymers. The present work introduces the synthesis of organo‐soluble copolymers consisting of alternating fluorene‐, 1,3,4‐heterodiazole, and, in some cases, additional 2,5‐dialkoxyphenylene units in the main chain. The reported synthesis involves modified classical polycondensation as well as the tetrazole route. We demonstrate the possibility of exchanging oxygen in the heteroaromatic ring with sulfur using Lawesson's reagent during the ring closure reaction. An alternative structure of the heterocyclic ring with N ‐phenyl in the oxygen position is feasible using the tetrazole synthetic route. The chemical and electrochemical properties of the copolyfluorenes are investigated in detail. Some of the synthesized copolyfluorenes have also been used for the preparation of “electron‐only” devices enabling the calculation of the electron mobilities. Further, an organic field‐effect transistor (OFET) characteristic was shown. OFET characteristics of the polymer 12b . image OFET characteristics of the polymer 12b .
Object tracking for a class of dynamic image-based representations (2005)

Image-based rendering (IBR) is an emerging technology for photo-realistic rendering of scenes from a collection of densely sampled images and videos. Recently, an object-based approach for rendering and the compression of a class of dynamic image-based representations called plenoptic videos was proposed. The plenoptic video is a simplified dynamic light field, which is obtained by capturing videos at regularly locations along a series of line segments. In the object-based approach, objects at large depth differences are segmented into layers for rendering and compression. The rendering quality in large environment can be significantly improved, as demonstrated by the pop-up lightfields. In addition, by coding the plenoptic video at the object level, desirable functionalities such as scalability of contents, error resilience, and interactivity with individual IBR objects, can be achieved. An important step in the object-based approach is to segment the objects in the video streams into layers or image-based objects, which is largely done by semi-automatic technique. To reduce the segmentation time for segmenting plenoptic videos, efficient tracking techniques are highly desirable. This paper proposes a new automatic object tracking method based on the level-set method. Our method, which utilizes both local and global features of the image sequences instead of global features exploited in previous approach, can achieve better tracking results for objects, especially with non-uniform energy distribution. Due to possible segmentation errors around object boundaries, natural matting with Bayesian approach is also incorporated into our system. Using the alpha map and texture so estimated, it is very convenient to composite the image-based objects onto the background of the original or other plenoptic videos. Furthermore, a MPEG-4 like object-based algorithm is developed for compressing the plenoptic videos, which consist of the alpha maps, depth maps and textures of the segmented image-based objects from different video plenoptic streams. Experimental results show that satisfactory renderings can be obtained by the proposed approaches.
On the detection and classification of quadrature digital modulations in broad-band noise (1990)

Optimal and suboptimal decision rules for the detection of constant-envelope quadrature digital modulations in broadband noise are derived and analyzed. The effect of various stochastic models for the carrier phase is examined in detail, while no epoch or frequency uncertainty is assumed. The delay-and-multiply type of detector is considered. A new binary/quadrature phase shift keying (BPSK/QPSK) classifier is compared to the more traditional ad hoc techniques of a square-law classifier and a phase-based classifier (weighting on the phase histogram). The new classifier is derived by approximating the likelihood-ratio functionals of phase-modulated digital signals in white Gaussian noise, hence is named the quasi-log-likelihood ratio (qLLR) rule. It is shown analytically that its performance is significantly better than that of intuitively designed phase-based rules or the conventional square-law classifier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Conditions leading to secretion of a normally periplasmic protein in Escherichia coli (1987)

The phosphate-binding protein (PhoS) is a periplasmic protein which is part of the high-affinity phosphate transport system of Escherichia coli. Hyperproduction of PhoS in strains carrying a multicopy plasmid containing phoS led to partial secretion of the protein. By 6 h after transfer to phosphate-limiting medium, about 13% of the total newly synthesized PhoS was secreted to the medium. Kinetic studies demonstrated that this secretion consists of newly synthesized PhoS. This secretion occurs in PhoS-hyperproducer strains but not in a PhoS-overproducer strain. Another type of secretion concerning periplasmic PhoS was observed in both PhoS-hyperproducer and PhoS-overproducer strains. This mode of secretion depended upon the addition of phosphate to cells previously grown in phosphate-limiting medium.
The Neural Mechanisms for Minimizing Cross-Modal Distraction (2004)

The neural circuitry that increases attention to goal-relevant stimuli when we are in danger of becoming distracted is a matter of active debate. To address several long-standing controversies, we asked participants to identify a letter presented either visually or auditorily while we varied the amount of cross-modal distraction from an irrelevant letter in the opposite modality. Functional magnetic resonance imaging revealed three novel results. First, activity in sensory cortices that processed the relevant letter increased as the irrelevant letter became more distracting, consistent with a selective increase of attention to the relevant letter. In line with this view, an across-subjects correlation indicated that the larger the increase of activity in sensory cortices that processed the relevant letter, the less behavioral interference there was from the irrelevant letter. Second, regions of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) involved in orienting attention to the relevant letter also participated in increasing attention to the relevant letter when conflicting stimuli were present. Third, we observed a novel pattern of regional specialization within the cognitive division of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) for focusing attention on the relevant letter (dorsal ACC) versus detecting conflict from the irrelevant letter (rostral ACC). These findings indicate novel roles for sensory cortices, the DLPFC, and the ACC in increasing attention to goal-relevant stimulus representations when distracting stimuli conflict with behavioral objectives. Furthermore, they potentially resolve a long-standing controversy regarding the key contribution of the ACC to cognitive control.
A New and Superior Process for Making Social Choices (1976)

This paper describes and elaborates a process first discovered by Edward H. Clarke that motivates individuals to reveal their true preferences for public goods. The essence of the process is that each individual is offered a chance to change the outcome that would occur without his vote by paying a special charge equal to the net cost to others that results from including his vote in the decision. Because the special charge on any one person is not paid to any other person, a very small budget surplus results. Applications to both discrete and continuous decisions are illustrated.
Measured Soil-Pile Interaction Pressures for Small-Diameter Laterally Loaded Pile in Loose Sand (2010)

The Soil-Structure Interaction (SSI) facility at Lafayette College, which was funded by the National Science Foundation, was recently used to investigate the soil-pile interaction for laterally loaded piles with the main focus on the interaction pressure between the pile and surrounding soil. A precast concrete pile, that was 101.6 mm in diameter and 1.17 m long, was reinforced with one No. 4 rebar (diameter = 12.7 mm) located at the center of the pile cross-section. The pile was instrumented with strain gauges along the length of the pile, displacement and tilt gauges at the point of loading, displacement sensors along the length of the pile, and thin pressure sensors wrapped around the pile. The soil, which was rained around the pile, was classified as well-graded sand. This paper focuses on measuring the soil-pile interaction pressure for a laterally loaded pile. The paper also describes the installation procedure, the soil properties, the measured pile force-displacement relationship and the measured strain along the length of the pile. Measured interaction pressures present the first step to develop the soil force-displacement relationship (i.e., the soil reaction or the p-y curve) based on direct measurements. The experiment described in this paper presents the initial effort of the research team, which will be followed by further experimental work focusing on the behavior of laterally loaded piles in soft soils.
Glycosaminoglycans and mucopolysaccharidosis type III (2016)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type III (MPS III), or Sanfilippo syndrome, is a lysosomal storage disease in which heparan sulfate is accumulated in lysosomes, as well as outside of cells, as the primary storage material. This disease is a complex of four conditions caused by dysfunctions of one of genes coding for lysosomal enzymes involved in degradation of heparan sulfate: SGSH (coding for heparan N-sulfatase) - causing MPS IIIA, NAGLU (coding for alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase) - causing MPS IIIB, HGSNAT (coding for acetyl CoA alpha-glucosaminide acetyltransferase) - causing MPS IIIC), and GNS (coding for N-acetylglucosamine-6-sulfatase) - causing MPS IIID. The primary storage is responsible for some disease symptoms, but other arise as a result of secondary storage, including glycosphingolipids, and subsequent processes, like oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Central nervous system is predominantly affected in all subtypes of MPS III. Heparan sulfate and its derivatives are the most commonly used biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction procedures. Currently, there is no therapy for Sanfilippo syndrome, however, clinical trials are ongoing for enzyme replacement therapy, gene therapy and substrate reduction therapy (particularly gene expression-targeted isoflavone therapy).