gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Materials for intraocular lenses (IOLs): Review of developments to achieve biocompatibility (2009)

Abstract It is true that the developments in material sciences along with the improvements in various aspects of technology involved in transforming materials into products, over the years, have been responsible for making many of the impossible-looking devices possible. It is also a fact that the demand for a new, improved and better material has never ended; in fact it has been increasing to a greater degree and with bigger dimensions than ever before, especially in recent times. As a matter of fact, for certain advanced applications, the need for efforts to have new materials can never be over emphasized; for example, in the area of biomedical devices such as intraocular lens (IOL). The advances in the field of bio-medical applications require the materials of high quality meeting stringent norms of performance. For implants such as the ones like IOL used for correction of vision of the eyes, besides the quality and performance of materials, biocompatibility is an issue of major concern. The material scientists have been working on the development of materials for IOLs targeting the needs arising out of the developing countries. The challenges include not only to bring down the cost of the materials used for IOLs but also to increase the biocompatibility of IOLs. For making the development process easy and bringing the state-of-the- art of knowledge to those looking for new materials, it is thought necessary to review various facets of IOLs in the present paper. Not only the aspects related to the recent developments in biomedical devices of eye care but also related to the properties of available materials vis a vis the deficiencies in properties of existing materials have been covered in this review. The aim has been to bring out the gap areas at various levels of process of product chain starting from the monomer to polymer, blank to IOL, insertion of IOL into eyes to life cycle of IOLs, mainly to provide certain possible and feasible leads to meet the challenges of making new and more biocompatible materials.
EXTRACTION OF QUERCETIN FROM <i>POLYGONUM HYDROPIPER</i> L. BY SUBCRITICAL WATER (2014)

The new method of quercetin extraction from Polygonum hydropiper L. by subcritical water was developed. High performance liquid chromatography was used for identification and quantification of flavonoids in the extract. The new method is environmentally friendly and more effective (7.6-times) than traditional flavonoids extraction methods using expensive and toxic organic solvents.
An Amphipathic <i>trans</i>‐Acting Phosphorothioate DNA Element Delivers Uncharged PNA and PMO Nucleic Acid Sequences in Mammalian Cells (2016)

An innovative approach to the delivery of uncharged peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) and phosphorodiamidate morpholino (PMO) oligomers in mammalian cells is described and consists of extending the sequence of those oligomers with a short PNA-polyA or PMO-polyA tail. Recognition of the polyA-tailed PNA or PMO oligomers by an amphipathic trans-acting polythymidylic thiophosphate triester element (dTtaPS) results in efficient internalization of those oligomers in several cell lines. The authors' findings indicate that cellular uptake of the oligomers occurs through an energy-dependent mechanism and macropinocytosis appears to be the predominant endocytic pathway used for internalization. The functionality of the internalized oligomers is demonstrated by alternate splicing of the pre-mRNA encoding luciferase in HeLa pLuc 705 cells. Amphipathic phosphorothioate DNA elements may represent a unique class of cellular transporters for robust delivery of uncharged nucleic acid sequences in live mammalian cells. © 2016 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
FACE RECOGNITION UNDER GENERIC ILLUMINATION BASED ON HARMONIC RELIGHTING (2005)

The performances of the current face recognition systems suffer heavily from the variations in lighting. To deal with this problem, this paper presents an illumination normalization approach by relighting face images to a canonical illumination based on the harmonic images model. Benefiting from the observations that human faces share similar shape, and the albedos of the face surfaces are quasi-constant, we first estimate the nine low-frequency components of the illumination from the input facial image. The facial image is then normalized to the canonical illumination by re-rendering it using the illumination ratio image technique. For the purpose of face recognition, two kinds of canonical illuminations, the uniform illumination and a frontal flash with the ambient lights, are considered, among which the former encodes merely the texture information, while the latter encodes both the texture and shading information. Our experiments on the CMU-PIE face database and the Yale B face database have shown that the proposed relighting normalization can significantly improve the performance of a face recognition system when the probes are collected under varying lighting conditions.
Approaching vehicle detection using linear microphone array (2008)

Due to recent trends in society, enhanced car safety is strongly required. To prevent traffic accidents, it is necessary to detect the direction of approaching vehicles in T-intersection accurately and rapidly. This paper describes a scheme that uses a linear microphone array with four microphones to estimate the approaching vehicles. We employ a cross-correlation method to realize sound source localization and propose a direction estimation scheme based on the weighted sum of interpolated cross-correlation. Trials show that the proposed scheme offers good performance.
Serotonergic drugs in the treatment of depressive and anxiety disorders (2000)

Serotonergic dysfunction has been implicated in the aetiology of several psychiatric conditions, including depressive and anxiety disorders. Much of the evidence for the role of serotonin (5-HT) in these disorders comes from treatment studies with serotonergic drugs, including selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), 5-HT(1A) agonists and 5-HT antagonists. This review considers the place of these drugs in the treatment of panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), social phobia, and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Among these agents, the SSRIs stand out with proven efficacy in the treatment of a spectrum of disorders, such as depression, panic disorder, OCD and social phobia. They may also be a suitable treatment for GAD. 5-HT(1A) agonists have been used extensively for the treatment of depression and GAD but evidence of their efficacy in other anxiety disorders is equivocal. 5-HT antagonists are the least well studied of these agents: while they may have activity in depression, their efficacy has not been fully investigated in anxiety disorders. However, preliminary reports suggest that they may be useful as adjuvants to SSRIs in treatment-refractory OCD. The high incidence of comorbidity amongst psychiatric disorders means that pharmacotherapy that is effective against a range of disorders, such as the SSRIs, is of considerable use to clinicians. Future research into the biological mechanisms underlying such disorders is likely to further enhance pharmacotherapy. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Attempted balloon catheter obstruction of pulmonary arterial flow in ventricular septal rupture (1990)

Leaving a standard balloon flotation catheter inflated in the main pulmonary artery has been recommended as a temporizing measure in patients with post-myocardial infarction ventricular septal rupture. Potential benefit has been ascribed to effective "banding" of the pulmonary artery as in congenital ventricular septal defects. We attempted this technique in five patients with post-infarction septal rupture and shock. In no patient was a significant hemodynamic benefit or reduction in shunt observed. Because of the lack of clearly documented efficacy, the inadequate size of standard pulmonary balloons to produce significant obstruction to pulmonary flow, and the inherent risks of this technique we recommend that it not be lightly attempted.
Activity of HIV entry and fusion inhibitors expressed by the human vaginal colonizing probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 (2006)

Novel therapeutic approaches are needed to combat the rapid increase in HIV sexual transmission in women. The probiotic organism Lactobacillus reuteri RC-14 which safely colonizes the human vagina and prevents microbial infections, has been genetically modified to produce anti-HIV proteins which were capable of blocking the three main steps of HIV entry into human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The HIV entry or fusion inhibitors were fused to the native expression and secretion signals of BspA, Mlp or Sep in L. reuteri RC-14 and the expression cassettes were stably inserted into the chromosome. L. reuteri RC-14 expressed the HIV inhibitors in cell wall-associated and secreted forms. L. reuteri RC-14 expressing CD4D1D2-antibody-like fusion proteins were able to bind single or dual tropic coreceptor-using HIV-1 primary isolates. This is the first study to show that a well-documented and proven human vaginal probiotic strain can express potent functional viral inhibitors, which may potentially lower the sexual transmission of HIV.
Vector quantization of speech waveforms (2005)

An algorithm for the design of locally optimum vector quantizers relative to a distortion measure is used to design and simulate vector quantizers for both real sampled speech and for speech-like waveforms produced by a tenth order autoregressive random process with matching autocorrelation. Both squared-error and a weighted squared error were considered. The experimental results were compared with performance bounds from rate distortion theory based on the autoregressive model.
Overview of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists for the Treatment of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. (2017)

Currently, 5 GLP-1 receptor agonists are available for use in the United States. Although they are all in the same drug class, some significant differences exist among the various GLP-1 receptor agonists. The choice of a specific GLP-1 receptor agonist will depend on the patient preferences, potential adverse effects, and cost.
Protective Effect Against Hydroxyl Radical-induced DNA Damage and Antioxidant Mechanism of [6]-gingerol: A Chemical Study (2014)

[6]-Gingerol is known as the major bioactive constituent of ginger. In the study, it was observed to effectively protect against <TEX>${\bullet}OH$</TEX>-induced DNA damage (<TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> <TEX>$328.60{\pm}24.41{\mu}M$</TEX>). Antioxidant assays indicated that [6]-gingerol could efficiently scavenge various free radicals, including <TEX>${\bullet}OH$</TEX> radical (<TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> <TEX>$70.39{\pm}1.23{\mu}M$</TEX>), <TEX>${\bullet}O_2{^-}$</TEX> radical (<TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> <TEX>$228.40{\pm}9.20{\mu}M$</TEX>), <TEX>$DPPH{\bullet}$</TEX>radical (<TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> <TEX>$27.35{\pm}1.44{\mu}M$</TEX>), and <TEX>$ABTS{^+}{\bullet}$</TEX>radical (<TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> <TEX>$2.53{\pm}0.070{\mu}M$</TEX>), and reduce <TEX>$Cu^{2+}$</TEX> ion (<TEX>$IC_{50}$</TEX> <TEX>$11.97{\pm}0.68{\mu}M$</TEX>). In order to investigate the possible mechanism, the reaction product of [6]-gingerol and <TEX>$DPPH{\bullet}$</TEX> radical was further measured using HPLC combined mass spectrometry. The product showed a molecular ion peak at m/z 316 <TEX>$[M+Na</TEX><TEX>]</TEX><TEX>^+$</TEX>, and diagnostic fragment loss (m/z 28) for quinone. On this basis, it can be concluded that: (i) [6]-gingerol can effectively protect against <TEX>${\bullet}OH$</TEX>-induced DNA damage; (ii) a possible mechanism for [6]-gingerol to protect against oxidative damage is <TEX>${\bullet}OH$</TEX> radical scavenging; (iii) [6]-gingerol scavenges <TEX>${\bullet}OH$</TEX> radical through hydrogen atom (<TEX>$H{\bullet}$</TEX>) transfer (HAT) and sequential electron (e) proton transfer (SEPT) mechanisms; and (iv) both mechanisms make [6]-gingerol be oxidized to semi-quinone or quinone forms.
New routes to bioconjugates of rhenium using the oxobis(dithiolato)rhenate(v) core (2002)

The development of the rhenium-188 generator has provided a convenient and economic source of radionuclide for targeted radionuclide therapy of cancer. To exploit this more widely, mild, convenient and efficient methods for stable incorporation of the radionuclide into biomolecules are required. The aim of this work is to exploit the tumour targeting therapeutic radiopharmaceutical [ReO(dmsa)2]− (H2dmsa = meso-dimercaptosuccinic acid), which is easily synthesised in radioactive form and highly stable in vivo, for this purpose. A new efficient synthesis of [ReO(dmsa)2]−, as a single isomer (syn-endo), from perrhenate using acetylhydrazine as reductant, is reported. Dehydration of the two dicarboxylic acid groups of [ReO(dmsa)2]− with dicyclohexylcarbodiimide gives the yellow cyclic dianhydride [ReO(dmsaa)2]− (H2dmsaa = meso-dimercaptosuccinic anhydride) without disrupting the ReOS4 core. As its tetraethylammonium salt, [ReO(dmsaa)2]− was characterised crystallographically as a distorted square pyramidal complex with an axial oxo-group and a syn-endo orientation of the two anhydride rings with respect to this oxo-group. [ReO(dmsaa)2]− reacts with primary and secondary amines including lysine residues of peptides, to form amide-linked conjugates, which were identified by ES-MS. The syntheses are fast, efficient and employ mild conditions, making them readily adaptable for a kit-based approach to rhenium and technetium radiopharmaceuticals.
Design for Lateral Forces (1987)

Sources of Lateral Loads Lateral Load Resistance of Buildings Wind Effects on Buildings Earthquake Effects on Buildings Elements of Lateral Resistive Systems Design for Wind and Earthquake Effects Design for Structurally Induced Forces Lateral Forces on Foundations Special Problems Glossary Appendixes Index.
Genome Features and Biochemical Characteristics of a Robust, Fast Growing and Naturally Transformable Cyanobacterium Synechococcus elongatus PCC 11801 Isolated from India (2018)

Cyanobacteria provide an interesting platform for biotechnological applications due to their efficient photoautotrophic growth, amenability to genetic engineering and the ability to grow on non-arable land. An ideal industrial strain of cyanobacteria would need to be fast growing and tolerant to high levels of temperature, light, carbon dioxide, salt and be naturally transformable. In this study, we report Synechococcus elongatus PCC 11801, a strain isolated from India that fulfills these requirements. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of PCC 11801 under carbon and light-limiting conditions were investigated. PCC 11801 shows a doubling time of 2.3 h, that is the fastest growth for any cyanobacteria reported so far under ambient CO<sub>2</sub> conditions. Genome sequence of PCC 11801 shows genome identity of ~83% with its closest neighbors Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 and Synechococcus elongatus UTEX 2973. The unique attributes of PCC 11801 genome are discussed in light of the physiological characteristics that are needed in an industrial strain. The genome of PCC 11801 shows several genes that do not have homologs in neighbor strains PCC 7942 and UTEX 2973, some of which may be responsible for adaptation to various abiotic stresses. The remarkably fast growth rate of PCC 11801 coupled with its robustness and ease of genetic transformation makes it an ideal candidate for the photosynthetic production of fuels and chemicals.
Characterization and partial purification of ‘renocortins’: two polypeptides formed in renal cells causing the anti‐phospholipase‐like action of glucocorticoids (1983)

1 Anti-inflammatory steroids reduce prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis in rat renomedullary interstitial cells in culture by inhibiting the release of arachidonic acid from membranous phospholipid stores, exhibiting antiphospholipase-like properties. 2 After treatment of the cells with dexamethasone 10(-6)M, these cells release a protein in the supernatant. 3 This supernatant is able to inhibit PGE2 secretion in untreated cells and to inhibit phospholipase A2 activity in an in vitro system. 4 Using chromatofocusing separation, we showed that two distinct proteins exist with isoelectric points of 5.8 and 8.3. 5 Using gel permeation separation, we showed that two proteins exist with apparent molecular weights of 15,000 and 30,000 daltons. 6 We conclude that, in renal cells in culture, anti-inflammatory steroids induce the synthesis and the release of two polypeptides which we have named 'Renocortins' (induced by corticoids in renal cells) causing the antiphospholipase-like action of glucocorticoids. 7 Our results are in good agreement with others, but as renal cells are not directly involved in the inflammatory process, we suggest that this steroid-induced phenomenon is not solely involved in the inflammatory reaction but is of more general physiological relevance.
Lex & yacc, 2nd edition (1992)

This book shows you how to use two Unix utilities, lex and yacc, in program development. These tools help programmers build compilers and interpreters, but they also have a wider range of applications. The second edition contains completely revised tutorial sections for novice users and reference sections for advanced users. This edition is twice the size of the first and has an expanded index. The following material has been added: Each utility is explained in a chapter that covers basic usage and simple, stand-alone applicationsHow to implement a full SQL grammar, with full sample codeMajor MS-DOS and Unix versions of lex and yacc are explored in depth, including AT&T lex and yacc, Berkeley yacc, Berkeley/GNU Flex, GNU Bison, MKS lex and yacc, and Abraxas PCYACC
In Situ Formed Si Nanoparticle Network with Micron-Sized Si Particles for Lithium-Ion Battery Anodes (2013)

To address the significant challenges associated with large volume change of micrometer-sized Si particles as high-capacity anode materials for lithium-ion batteries, we demonstrated a simple but effective strategy: using Si nanoparticles as a structural and conductive additive, with micrometer-sized Si as the main lithium-ion storage material. The Si nanoparticles connected into the network structure in situ during the charge process, to provide electronic connectivity and structure stability for the electrode. The resulting electrode showed a high specific capacity of 2500 mAh/g after 30 cycles with high initial Coulombic efficiency (73%) and good rate performance during electrochemical lithiation and delithiation: between 0.01 and 1 V vs Li/Li(+).
Crystallization-Induced Dynamic Resolution of a Diarylmethylamine toward the Synthesis of a Potent TRPM8 Inhibitor (2016)

The development and demonstration of a crystallization-induced dynamic resolution (CIDR) to prepare a chiral diarylmethylamine, a key intermediate toward the synthesis of a potent TRPM8 inhibitor, is described. Essential to the development of this process was the discovery of (1) efficient classical resolution conditions by a high-throughput screening method, (2) formaldehyde as the optimal racemization agent based on comparison of first-order reaction rate constants, and (3) mechanical grinding as a method to improve solid–liquid mass transfer and facilitate reaction progress. Kinetic analysis of the racemization process and identification of the substrate functional group required for racemization provided the foundation for a mechanistic proposal.
A Nanostructured Synthetic Collagen Mimic for Hemostasis (2014)

Collagen is a major component of the extracellular matrix and plays a wide variety of important roles in blood clotting, healing, and tissue remodeling. Natural, animal derived, collagen is used in many clinical applications but concerns exist with respect to its role in inflammation, batch-to-batch variability, and possible disease transfection. Therefore, development of synthetic nanomaterials that can mimic the nanostructure and properties of natural collagen has been a heavily pursued goal in biomaterials. Previously, we reported on the design and multihierarchial self-assembly of a 36 amino acid collagen mimetic peptide (KOD) that forms nanofibrous triple helices that entangle to form a hydrogel. In this report, we utilize this nanofiber forming collagen mimetic peptide as a synthetic biomimetic matrix useful in thrombosis. We demonstrate that nanofibrous KOD synthetic collagen matrices adhere platelets, activate them (indicated by soluble P-selectin secretion), and clot plasma and blood similar to animal derived collagen and control surfaces. In addition to the thrombotic potential, THP-1 monocytes incubated with our KOD collagen mimetic showed minimal proinflammatory cytokine (TNF-α or IL-1β) production. Together, the data presented demonstrates the potential of a novel synthetic collagen mimetic as a hemostat.
Reduced Sputtering Yields for Two-Phase Ag–Ni and Ag–Co Targets (1972)

Sputtering yields of water-cooled two-phase Ag–Ni and Ag–Co targets were found to be much lower than predicted by averaging the yields of the unalloyed metals. The target yields steadily decreased when the Ni or Co content increased from 0 to 30 at. %. Above 30-at. % Ni or Co, the yields did not change and were equal to the respective yields for Ni and Co. Thus, the results indicate that yields may be predictable for some multiphase targets from the yield of the low-yield phase. The unusually low yields were attributed to coating of the high-yield Ag phase with lower-yield Ni or Co during sputtering. Simultaneous coating and sputtering processes reached steady state before removal of 20 μ from freshly prepared non-presputtered Ag–Ni targets even though Ni particles were up to 130 μ in diameter. Quantitative microprobe analysis of one Ag–Ni deposit indicated deposit compositions were nearly the same as target compositions.
The impact of emerging technologies on military radio communications (2003)

A number of emerging radio communication technologies which promise to enhance contemporary military radio communications capability significantly are examined. Networking is seen as a mechanism for achieving greater connectivity, availability, and reliability in a tactical environment. Developments are reported, such as fast parameter estimation, adaptive link control, and network quality of service negotiation, which together indicate that such networks are potentially viable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Amorphous silicon shift register for addressing output drivers (1994)

An amorphous silicon (a-Si) shift register is described. By integrating this shift register design with an array of a-Si drivers, the cost/complexity of the interface to the array is significantly reduced, without trading off speed. Circuit design considerations unique to a-Si devices are also discussed along with their processing.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>