gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high throughput molecular screening for organic electronics via machine learning: present status and perspective (2019)

Abstract Organic electronics such as organic field-effect transistors (OFET), organic light-emitting diodes (OLED), and organic photovoltaics (OPV) have flourished over the last three decades, largely due to the development of new conjugated materials. Their designs have evolved through incremental modification and stepwise inspiration by researchers; however, a complete survey of the large molecular space is experimentally intractable. Machine learning (ML), based on the rapidly growing field of artificial intelligence technology, offers high throughput material exploration that is more efficient than high-cost quantum chemical calculations. This review describes the present status and perspective of ML-based development (materials informatics) of organic electronics. Although the complexity of OFET, OLED, and OPV makes revealing their structure-property relationships difficult, a cooperative approach incorporating virtual ML, human consideration, and fast experimental screening may help to navigate growth and development in the organic electronics field.
Improved watermark robustness via spectrum equalization (2002)

We describe and analyze an effective solution that can improve robustness for a large class of transform-domain watermarking algorithms. We present the concept of spectrum equalization for image watermarking and discuss its rationale and advantages. We demonstrate that if the watermark signal is embedded in a host image having a flat or equalized spectrum, the overall performance of the underlying algorithm can be significantly enhanced. The proposed idea is exemplified using a well-known spread-spectrum approach, and the experimental results demonstrate its effectiveness.
Expression of active human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease by noninfectious chimeric virus particles (1991)

To generate nonpathogenic viral particles which express active human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease (PR), plasmids containing sequences from the genomes of HIV-1 and Moloney murine leukemia virus (M-MuLV) were constructed. Either the PR coding region alone; the gag, PR, and reverse transcriptase protein-coding regions; or the complete gag and pol protein-coding regions from HIV-1 were substituted for the corresponding regions of a full-length M-MuLV clone to yield the chimeric plasmids pMoHIV-I, pMoHIV-III, and pMoHIV-IV, respectively. Cell lines which express the viral gag polyprotein were isolated for hybrids pMoHIV-I and pMoHIV-III. These cells produced viral particles which contained processed core proteins. Cleavage of the gag polyprotein in the viral particles was inhibited by the HIV-1 PR inhibitor L-687908, indicating that the viral PR is responsible for the observed processing. The hybrid virions were not infectious; analyses indicated that the viral particles contained little or no reverse transcriptase activity. In addition, particles produced by pMoHIV-III transfectants failed to package the viral genomic RNA. The cell line which expresses and processes the HIV-1 gag polyprotein is a safe and effective reagent for the in vivo evaluation of potential inhibitors of the HIV-1 PR.
New developments in the neurobiology of the tuberous sclerosis complex (1999)

Identification of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) gene mutations has fostered understanding of how brain lesions in TSC are formed. Further characterization of the roles of hamartin and tuberin will provide potential therapeutic avenues to treat seizures, mental retardation, and tumor growth in TSC.
NAD(P)H‐flavin oxidoreductase from the bioluminescent bacterium, <i>Vibrio fischeri</i> ATCC 7744, is a flavoprotein (1994)

The NAD(P)H-flavin oxidoreductase gene from the bioluminescent bacterium, Vibrio fischeri ATCC 7744, was expressed in Escherichia coli, and the enzyme purified using Cibacron Blue 3G-A affinity column chromatography from crude extracts in a single step. The purified enzyme had a typical flavoprotein absorption spectrum and flavin mononucleotide (FMN) was identified as a prosthetic group, non-covalently bound in a molar ratio of 1:1. The enzyme catalyzed the electron transfer from NADH via FMNH2 to various other electron acceptors. Reduced flavin produced by flavin reductase participated non-enzymatically in the following reactions: H2O2-forming NADH oxidase-like, oxygen-insensitive nitroreductase-like, diaphorase (quinone reductase)-like and bacterial luciferase reactions.
The biology of platelet-rich plasma and its application in trauma and orthopaedic surgery (2009)

Although mechanical stabilisation has been a hallmark of orthopaedic surgical management, orthobiologics are now playing an increasing role. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a volume of plasma fraction of autologous blood having platelet concentrations above baseline. The platelet alpha granules are rich in growth factors that play an essential role in tissue healing, such as transforming growth factor-beta, vascular endothelial growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor. PRP is used in various surgical fields to enhance bone and soft-tissue healing by placing supraphysiological concentrations of autologous platelets at the site of tissue damage. The easily obtainable PRP and its possible beneficial outcome hold promise for new regenerative treatment approaches. The aim of this literature review was to describe the bioactivities of PRP, to elucidate the different techniques for PRP preparation, to review animal and human studies, to evaluate the evidence regarding the use of PRP in trauma and orthopaedic surgery, to clarify risks, and to provide guidance for future research.
Letter from Theodore Roosevelt to Henry C. Payne 1902-04-02 (1902)

President Roosevelt believes that the advice of Senator Cockrell should be followed. Cockrell opposes the appointment of H. R. Snyder as postmaster of Springfield, Missouri.
Session 1: The Global Capital Market: What's Next: Questions and Answers Moderated by Meredith Brown (1997)

Michael, one thing that occurred to me as I listened to your remarks is the problem of the many different countries that are host countries.The world is interconnected.This also relates to something that Mr. Gyohten said, which is an effort to develop within a region regulation and some sharing of information.But if the world is truly global, you need the sharing of information notjust within East Asia but on a global basis.The question is whether national borders protect you against an international banking crisis anymore than the steel bulkheads of the TITANIC protected that ship from the danger that occurred in one compartment and spread quickly to the rest of the ship.You suggest one answer, which I think is very interesting, which is not a supranational banking regulation.God knows, we'll never get the political organization to do that.If Europe can't quite get to a single currency without severe heartache, how is the world going to get to a supranational banking organization?As you suggest, maybe the best approach is to have the Group of Thirty, or the group of whatever number you like, developing its own standards.What's the best way to solve the danger of an international banking crisis?Michael, do you want to try that first, and then Mr. Gyohten?MR.PATTERSON: Let me react to some of what you said.I think that more cooperation and information sharing among regulators while not a panacea, is certainly a very good first step.That can start on a regional basis for banks that are primarily active in that region, as Toyoo said, and then evolve globally.I like the idea of self-regulatory initiatives, like the Group of Thirty, because, as you say, it's very difficult to imagine that all the regulators of the world would get together.But in the end, I think, it is the responsibility of regulators to do what they can, and they have to be satisfied that the prescriptions developed by the self-regulatory body are ones that they are happy with.So it's a good effort, but in the end the world's regulators are going to have to cooperate to solve this problemand when I say "solve this problem," I don't mean that there's any * Partner, Debevoise & Plimpton.
Relationships Among Rheological and Sensorial Properties of Young Cheeses (2003)

This study investigated the sensory and rheological properties of young cheeses in order to better understand perceived cheese texture. Mozzarella and Monterey Jacks were tested at 4, 10, 17, and 38 d of age; process cheese was tested at 4 d. Rheological methods were used to determine the linear and nonlinear viscoelastic and fracture properties. A trained sensory panel developed a descriptive language and reference scales to evaluate cheese texture. All methods differentiated the cheeses by variety. Principal component analysis of sensory texture revealed that three principal components explained 96.1% of the total variation in the cheeses. The perception of firmness decreased as the cheeses aged, whereas the perception of springiness increased. Principal component analysis of the rheological parameters (three principal components: 87.9% of the variance) showed that the cheeses' solid-like response (storage modulus and fracture modulus) decreased during aging, while phase angle, maximum compliance, and retardation time increased. Analysis of the instrumental and sensory parameters (three principal components: 82.1% of the variance) revealed groupings of parameters according to cheese rigidity, resiliency, and chewdown texture. Rheological properties were highly associated with rigidity and resiliency, but less so with chewdown texture.
Identification of a New Brassinosteroid, Cathasterone, in Cultured Cells of<i>Catharanthus roseus</i>as a Biosynthetic Precursor of Teasterone (1995)

The occurrence of a new brassinosteroid of (22S,24R)-3β,22-dihydroxy-5α-ergostan-6-one, named cathasterone, was demonstrated by a GC-MS analysis in cultured cells of Catharanthus roseus. Its endogenous level was in the range of 2–4 ng/g fw, similar to those of brassinolide and castasterone. A feeding experiment with a deuterium-labeled substrate revealed that cathasterone was converted to teasterone and typhasterol. This is the first report of the natural occurrence of cathasterone as a brassinosteroid being the biosynthetic precursor of teasterone.
Peptidyl arginine deiminase inhibitor effect on hepatic fibrogenesis in a CCl4 pre-clinical model of liver fibrosis. (2013)

The PAD inhibitor did not reduce fibrogenesis in this preclinical model. However circulating VICM marker levels were decreased in the presence of the PAD inhibitor.
PATHOLOGY & BACTERIOLOGY (1951)

Journal Article PATHOLOGY & BACTERIOLOGY Get access Handbook of Diseases of the Blood A. Piney. London: Harvey&Blythe, 1951. x + 213 Pages. 4Plates. 11figures 22×14cm. £1 1s. Janet Vaughan Janet Vaughan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar British Medical Bulletin, Volume 8, Issue 2-3, 1951, Page 283, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a074159 Published: 01 January 1951
PASSIVE SAFETY OF TRUCKS IN FRONTAL AND REAR-END COLLISIONS WITH CARS (2003)

The regulation ECE-R 93 defines the rigid front underride guard as a minimum requirement for commercial vehicles to prevent cars from underriding in frontal crashes. It is evident that the benefit of such protective devices can be substantially improved by an energy-absorbing design. In fact it leads to lower loads for the driver and passenger in the case of a frontal accident between a car and a commercial vehicle. The measured dummy loads should indicate “green manikins” corresponding to EURO NCAP frontal rating test at a closing velocity of 64 kph.
Pulse amplification and shaping using a nonlinear loop mirror that incorporates a saturable gain (1992)

We describe the pulse-amplification characteristics of an erbium-doped fiber amplifier and nonlinear loop mirror combination. The low switching power (less than a milliwatt peak) afforded by high amplifier gain and long loop length has permitted the efficient amplification (17 dB) and intensity filtering of mode-locked semi-conductor laser pulses. In addition, saturation of the amplifier gain is shown to result in amplification and shaping characteristics that are remarkably insensitive to the input power.
Temporal and Other Effects of Catechol Estrogens on Prolactin Secretion in the Rat (1981)

Temporal alterations in plasma prolactin levels caused by the administration of 2-hydroxyestradiol and 2-hydroxyestrone (100 microgram/kg) into the right atrium of freely-moving conscious male rats were examined. The catechol estrogens were given in a single bolus via an indwelling cannula and plasma prolactin concentration was monitored by taking blood samples every 2 min. A pulsatile elevation of plasma prolactin occurred approximately 4 h after the injection of 2-hydroxyestradiol and a small increase was also observed when it was administered to rats bearing a Silastic capsule containing estradiol. 2-Hydroxyestrone had no effect in untreated male rats but produced a 5- to 6-fold elevation in plasma prolactin level 4 h after its administration to rats implanted with estradiol. It is proposed that 2-hydroxyestrone suppresses the action of estradiol on prolactin secretion from the pituitary and that the accumulated hormone is released when the concentration of this catechol estrogen falls below a critical level. A longer latent period was required to produce an elevation in plasma prolactin levels by 2-hydroxyestradiol than by estradiol.
New developments for the digital compact cassette system (1993)

The introduction of a small portable digital compact cassette (DCC) player has been made possible by the development of a new 18-channel head and associated new read electronics. Special attention needs to be paid to the equalization of the signals, as this depends on the tape direction during recording and playback, as well as the degree of asymmetry of the head design. The configuration of head and ICs described is applied in headphone stereo and car players.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Suppressing V<inf>t</inf> and G<inf>m</inf> variability of FinFETs using amorphous metal gates for 14 nm and beyond (2012)

Amorphous TaSiN metal gates (MGs) are successfully introduced in FinFETs to suppress work function variation (WFV) of the MG, which is a dominant contributor to threshold voltage (V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> ) variability of the undoped channel MG FinFETs. Comparing with a poly-crystalline TiN gate, the TaSiN gate reduces V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> variation drastically and records the smallest A <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Vt</inf> value of 1.34 mVμm reported so far for MG FinFETs. Interface traps also become a dominant A <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Vt</inf> origin in the case of well-suppressed WFV using the amorphous M G. The WFV suppression is also effective to reduce trans-conductance (G <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</inf> ) variability which will be a dominant source of on-current (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">on</inf> ) variability in 14 nm technology and beyond.
EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT OF THE URETER AND BLADDER: ACQUISITION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE (1998)

To delineate the temporal and spatial acquisition of the smooth muscle of the ureter, Sprague-Dawley rat embryos and newborn pups were immunostained with alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SM actin) antibody. Alpha-SM actin expression was first detected in the urinary tract at 16 days of gestation (E16) in a thin subserosal zone about the urogenital sinus. At this time, the E16 ureter is composed of a simple cuboidal epithelium which is surrounded by 1 to 2 layers of condensed alpha-SM actin negative spindle shaped cells. No immunostaining was detected along the ureter or its intrarenal branches until the 20th day of gestation (E20). Alpha-SM actin expression in the E20 ureter exhibited regional differences. The number of alpha-SM actin positive smooth muscle cells was greatest in the distal ureter, intermediate in the mid ureter, and least in the proximal ureter near the kidney. While smooth muscle formation in the bladder was subserosal, in the ureter it was subepithelial. During postnatal life, alpha-SM actin expression increased in both organs as all periepithelial spindle cells stained positive and intensified their staining. Smooth muscle differentiation of the ureter and bladder occurs later in embryonic life than other visceral and vascular organs and occurs in an ascending fashion from the bladder to the intrarenal collecting system. It is likely that the activation of visceral smooth muscle myogenesis within the urinary tract is governed by positional information specific to the embryonic development of each organ.
Role of Controlled Septal Infarct in Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (2002)

Hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy is a complex and challenging disease. Medical therapy, surgical therapy, and pacing therapy have been used with some success over the years. Nonsurgical septal reduction therapy, also called alcohol septal ablation, has been used recently as a percutaneous catheter-based intervention to improve left ventricular outflow tract obstruction and thereby improve symptoms. The reported results of this procedure have shown impressive reductions in gradient and improvement in symptoms at relatively low risk. The most common complication of the procedure, development of complete heart block requiring a permanent pacemaker, has improved in recent studies with refinements of the procedural technique. Nonsurgical septal reduction therapy has been shown to improve diastolic function, decrease left ventricular hypertrophy and mass, and cause changes at the cellular and molecular level that improve myocardial function. Reported results at 1 year follow-up continue to show benefit, and long-term studies are ongoing.
Modelling Contact Forces for 3D Interactive Peg-in-Hole Virtual Reality Operations (2008)

Haptic interfaces allow virtual reality users to experience the feeling of interacting forces while manipulating virtual objects. This paper discusses a model which is able to render in real-time the contact force/torque occurring in peg-in-hole operations in an interactive virtual reality environment. Results show that our implementation of haptic rendering can be well maintained at the required 1 KHz for a necessary fidelity without separating it from the time consuming collision detection. It is noticed that the hand's grasping posture on the tool should be an explicit parameter in the force/torque output function since it affects the feedback perception.
Gifts to Physicians from Industry (2000)

Wazana A. Physicians and the pharmaceutical industry: is a gift ever just a gift? JAMA. 2000;283(20):373-380. In his study to determine the extent of and attitudes toward the relationship between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry, Dr. Ashley Wazana notes that the pharmaceutical industry spends an estimated $8000 to $13,000 per year on each physician in marketing its products. Promotional campaigns by the pharmaceutical industry often provide physicians with essential information about new drugs and current research.
Thin film field-effect transistors of 2,6-diphenyl anthracene (DPA) (2015)

An anthracene derivative, 2,6-diphenyl anthracene (DPA), was successfully synthesized with three simple steps and a high yield. The compound was determined to be a durable high performing semiconductor with thin film device mobility over 10 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1). The efficient synthesis and high performance indicates its great potential in organic electronics.
A high-quality stacked thermal/LPCVD gate oxide technology for ULSI (1993)

By stacking thermal and high-quality LPCVD (low-pressure chemical vapor deposition) SiO/sub 2/ films, gate oxides with very low defect densities are demonstrated. Whereas previous reports suggested that a thick layer of LPCVD oxide can improve the stacked gate oxide defect density, it is demonstrated that even 25 AA of LPCVD oxide is sufficient to dramatically reduce the defect density compared to thermal oxide films. The projected scaling limit for this technology is estimated to be as low as 70 AA for the total stack thickness. An optimized thermal/LPCVD oxide technology is very promising as the gate dielectric for sub-half-micrometer CMOS technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Eternal—a component‐based framework for transparent fault‐tolerant CORBA (2002)

Abstract Enterprises are increasingly involved in worldwide round‐the‐clock e‐commerce and e‐business, which requires them to be operational 24 hours per day, 7 days per week. With outages leading to loss of revenue, reputation and customers, fault tolerance becomes increasingly important. By mixing the fault tolerance logic into the application logic, existing fault tolerance practices render applications more complex, more prone to errors, and more difficult to maintain and build. The Eternal system is a component‐based middleware framework that provides transparent fault tolerance for enterprise applications, and that ensures continuous $24\times7$ operation without requiring special skills of the application programmers. The Eternal system implements the new Fault‐Tolerant CORBA standard. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inmigración y Unión Europea: ¿hasta donde podemos llegar juntos? (2007)

A pesar del lugar que actualmente ocupa la cuestion inmigratoria en el orden del dia europeo, las percepciones y realidades disimiles de los 27 Estados miembros dificultan el progreso y el avance en esta materia. En primer lugar se describen brevemente algunos aspectos del fenomeno inmigratorio, con especial enfasis en la situacion de Espana, para a continuacion analizar las posturas e intereses de los Estados miembros y grupos de paises en referencia a una politica europea de inmigracion.
Co-expression of Gβ5 Enhances the Function of Two Gγ Subunit-like Domain-containing Regulators of G Protein Signaling Proteins (2000)

Regulators of G protein signaling (RGS) stimulate the GTPase activity of G protein Galpha subunits and probably play additional roles. Some RGS proteins contain a Ggamma subunit-like (GGL) domain, which mediates a specific interaction with Gbeta5. The role of such interactions in RGS function is unclear. RGS proteins can accelerate the kinetics of coupling of G protein-coupled receptors to G-protein-gated inwardly rectifying K(+) (GIRK) channels. Therefore, we coupled m2-muscarinic acetylcholine receptors to GIRK channels in Xenopus oocytes to evaluate the effect of Gbeta5 on RGS function. Co-expression of either RGS7 or RGS9 modestly accelerated GIRK channel kinetics. When Gbeta5 was co-expressed with either RGS7 or RGS9, the acceleration of GIRK channel kinetics was strongly increased over that produced by RGS7 or RGS9 alone. RGS function was not enhanced by co-expression of Gbeta1, and co-expression of Gbeta5 alone had no effect on GIRK channel kinetics. Gbeta5 did not modulate the function either of RGS4, an RGS protein that lacks a GGL domain, or of a functional RGS7 construct in which the GGL domain was omitted. Enhancement of RGS7 function by Gbeta5 was not a consequence of an increase in the amount of plasma membrane or cytosolic RGS7 protein.