gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maximizing image variance in rendering of volumetric data sets (1992)

An algorithm is presented for rendering of volumetric data sets. The aim of the algorithm is to maximize the image variance in a volumetric rendering where a three-dimensional data set is projected onto a view plane through the perspective mapping. The pixel values in the rendered image are associated with a variable size attribute vector extracted along a line in the volumetric data set. Several algorithms are presented for transforming this variable size attribute vector into a fixed size attribute vector. The fixed size attribute vectors provide a multispectral image representation, which is processed with the Karhunen-Loève transformation in order to separate the information content into orthogonal components that are ordered according to the associated eigenvalues. The components in the Karhunen-Loève transform can be displayed individually as intensity images or three components can be selected and mapped into a coloring scheme such as the hue-saturation-value color model.
A Dependency Impact Analysis Model for Web Services Evolution (2009)

As many software systems have been turned as Web services, the evolutionary changes of Web services are becoming an important issue. To understand the way in which the change affects the services, we must ascertain parts of the system that will be effected by the change and examine them for additional impacts. In this paper, we propose an impact analysis model based on service dependency. In particular, the service dependency graph model, service dependency and the relation matrix are examined. Based on the shift and calculation of the matrix, the dependency and impact of the service evolution can be analyzed and its quantity can be ascertained. Furthermore, we also represent an approach for service change annotation and for service evolution process. Overall, these works provide a foundation for the automatic management, control, and evaluation of service evolution.
Ion Exchange Properties of a Cesium Ion Selective Titanosilicate (1996)

ABSTRACT The ion exchange properties of crystalline and amorphous phases of a sodium titanosilicate towards alkali and alkaline earth cations has been examined. Potensometric titration of the crystalline phase in the proton form, H2Ti2O3(SiO4), showed that 80% of the sodium ion sites could be occupied to pH=12 and only 25% of the exchange sites could be filled by Cs+. However, when an equal concentration of Na+ was present in the Cs+ solution, the cesium loading was reduced to 5.6% (0.47 meq/g) of the theoretical IEC. This loading is further reduced to less than 0.1 meq/g in solutions approximating the sodium content of nuclear waste solutions, i.e. 5-6M NaNO3, 1-3 M NaOH. This low capacity limits the usefulness of this exchanger to waste solutions less than 10−5-10−6 M in Cs+. The amorphous phase exhibits a very high affinity for Sr2+ but also for Ba2+ and Ca2+ in alkaline solution. These ions could serve as interferences for selective Sr2+ removal from nuclear waste solutions. Sodium titanium silicate has a tunnel structure. The low capacity of the exchanger for Cs2+ stems from the fact that only a few of the exchange sites can be filled with Cs2+ in the presence of Na+ and still maintain charge balance.
Gadolinium‐enhanced MR angiography of visceral arteries in patients with suspected chronic mesenteric ischemia (1997)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate accuracy of dynamic gadolinium-enhanced MR angiography (MRA) of the celiac, superior, and inferior mesenteric arteries in patients with suspected mesenteric ischemia compared with catheter angiography or surgery. Sixty-five patients with suspected mesenteric ischemia underwent three-dimensional spoiled gradient-recalled acquisition in the steady state (GRASS) gadolinium-enhanced MRA. Correlative studies were performed on 14 patients, catheter angiography alone was performed on 12 patients, and surgery alone was performed on two patients. Six patients had mesenteric ischemia. In all patients, the celiac artery (CA) and superior mesenteric artery (SMA) were seen well enough to evaluate; however, the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) could be evaluated in only 9 of the 14 patients. MRA showed severe stenosis (> 75%) or occlusion of the celiac axis in seven patients, of the SMA in six patients, and of the IMA in four patients. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 95%, respectively, compared with catheter angiography and surgery. The two errors were caused by overgrading the severity of IMA disease. Three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced MRA can accurately demonstrate the origins of the CA and SMA and is useful in evaluation of patients with suspected mesenteric ischemia.
Laser Micro-Hole Drilling of Soda-Lime Glass with Femtosecond Pulses (2004)

Using tightly focused femtosecond laser pulses, we have drilled micro-holes from the front and rear surface of soda-lime glass in ambient air. The machined holes have small aspect ratio or irregular inner walls. When the drilling is conducted from the rear surface in contact with distilled water, a good quality micro-hole with a high aspect ratio can be obtained. The corresponding formation mechanisms are investigated.
A self-consistent method for complete small-signal parameter extraction of InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) (1997)

A complete method for parameter extraction from small-signal measurements of InP-based heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) is presented. Employing analytically derived equations, a numerical solution is sought for the best fit between the model and the measured data. Through parasitics extraction and an optimization process, a realistic model for a self-aligned HBT technology is obtained. The results of the generated s-parameters from the model for a 2/spl times/10 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ emitter area device are presented over a frequency range of 250 MHz-36 GHz with excellent agreement to the measured data.
Immunologic Aspects of Lyme Borreliosis (1989)

Immune responses to Borrelia burgdorferi infection are now well characterized. Following infection there is an early T cell response and a more slowly evolving B cell response. IgM antibodies appear first and are followed by IgG and IgA. Early antibodies are primarily against a 41-kilodalton flagellum-associated antigen; responses to other spirochetal antigens develop later. Serologic assays that use whole B. burgdorferi preparations are not always able to detect an early rise in antibodies above a background of crossreactive antibodies present in most uninfected individuals. Moreover, some individuals with neurologic involvement who lack diagnostic levels of serum antibody to B. burgdorferi have high levels of the antibody in their cerebrospinal fluid. Specific T cell blastogenesis to B. burgdorferi can further document infection. Analysis of T cell subsets in Lyme arthritis demonstrates a marked decrease in the CD4+2H4+ subpopulation in the synovial fluid, although normal numbers of these cells are present in peripheral blood. Immunologic measurements are useful in evaluating and treating a wide array of patients who may be infected with B. burgdorferi.
Dental Staff Doses with Handheld Dental Intraoral X-Ray Units (2012)

A handheld portable dental intraoral x-ray system is available in the United States and elsewhere. The system is designed to minimize the user's radiation dose. It includes specially designed shielding of the x-ray tube housing and an integral radiation shield to minimize backscatter. Personnel radiation dose records were obtained from 18 dental facilities using both the handheld system and a wall mounted dental x-ray system, providing 661 individual dose measurements. Dental staff doses were also compared for the handheld and conventional systems using both film and digital imaging for the same facilities and staff members. The results indicate that the doses for the handheld systems are significantly less than for wall-mounted systems. The average monthly dose for the handheld systems was 0.28 μSv vs. 7.86 μSv (deep dose equivalent) for the wall-mounted systems, a difference that is statistically significant at the p = 0.01 level. Consequently, there should be no concern about the use of this handheld dental intraoral x-ray system. Additional shielding efforts, (e.g., wearing a lead apron) will not provide significant benefit nor reduce staff radiation dose.
Wound dressing components degrade proteins detrimental to wound healing (2008)

Excessive levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are present in chronic wounds preventing wound closure. Reducing detrimental components may be key in healing chronic wounds. Elta Protease-containing wound dressings have been observed clinically to resolve inflammation and appear to aid healing in acute and chronic recalcitrant wounds. To investigate possible mechanisms of action, in vitro tests, zymography, collagenase assays and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs), were performed to evaluate the effect of the dressing proteases on detrimental and beneficial wound healing components such as MMPs, Tissue Inhibitor of Matrix Metalloproteinases (TIMPs), cytokines and growth factors. Standards of pro- and active MMP-2, MMP-9 and chronic wound fluid (CWF) were prepared. Degradation of target proteins was enhanced by increased Elta Protease concentration, temperature and incubation time. Incubation with serial dilutions of the Elta Proteases resulted in nearly complete degradation of all MMP standards. After a 30-minute incubation, twofold diluted Elta Proteases degraded >90% of the gelatinases in CWF. ELISAs showed that Elta Proteases effectively degraded MMP-9 and tumour necrosis factor (TNF-alpha). In contrast, Platelet Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) and interleukin 1 beta were resistant to degradation by Elta Proteases. These results suggest that Elta Protease dressings appear to deactivate detrimental components in CWF, which may reduce wound bed contact with harmful proteins.
Fashion promotions in the Hispanic market (2009)

Abstract Purpose – The purpose of this study is to investigate Hispanic consumers' use of personal and impersonal information sources and to examine age and gender differences in the use of those information sources. Design/methodology/approach – A structured questionnaire was developed to collect the data. Pillai's trace multivariate analyses of variance were used to examine the main effects of age and gender differences in the use of personal and impersonal information sources. Findings – The degree to which personal information sources were used varied across age groups. When making a purchase decision on clothing items, the respondents' use of their mothers and friends as personal information sources differed significantly across age groups. Males and females varied in their use of their fathers, sisters, and other female family members as personal information sources. The degree to which impersonal information sources were used also varied across age groups. When gathering ideas about what clothing items to purchase, the use of fashion magazines as impersonal information sources differed significantly across age groups. In addition, males and females varied in their use of store displays and television advertisements as impersonal information sources. Research limitations/implications – The study may provide guidance in developing effective and strategic promotion direction and in selecting proper media advertising in an effort to target Hispanic consumers in the USA. Marketers can use this information to determine advertising media allocation in effectively reaching Hispanic consumers. Originality/value – Considering the unprecedented growth in the population and the purchasing power of Hispanics, marketers need to analyze Hispanic consumers' use of information sources in their shopping behaviors in order to determine effective marketing and media planning. However, little is known about how Hispanic consumers' use of information influences their shopping behaviors. This study offers insights for apparel retailers in building effective promotional strategies for reaching Hispanic consumers.
From “Migrant Workers Boom” to “Migrant Workers Scarcity” —Analysis of Institutional Bottleneck of Rural Surplus Labors Transfer in China (2010)

Through description of three-steps characteristic of dual economic theory and its practical significance to the process of industrialization and urbanization in China, and making comparative analysis between important criterion of "Lewis turning point" and current situation of rural surplus labors market in China, we can find that there exists a great deal of surplus labors in rural areas in our country, improvement of peasant income is the result of external interference of government, and demographic dividend in our country hasn’t finished. These phenomena go against the theory of "Lewis turning point". So it can prove that "Lewis turning point" in China hasn’t come yet. The paper points out the major factors of coexistence of “migrant workers scarcity” and labors redundancy in our country. The first one is structure contradiction of labors market; the second one is law of supply-demand of labors market; the third one is institutional barrier which hinders labors in free flow of census register and social guarantee. Therefore, if we want to realize successful transfer of rural surplus labors and the goal of industrialization and urbanization, we must promote upgrading of industrial structure, change the style of economic growth and realize harmonious development of regional economy in macrocosmic level; And in microcosmic level, we should eliminate institutional barrier which hinders transfer of rural surplus labors.
Messenger RNA coding for argininosuccinate synthetase in citrullinemia. (1986)

Messenger RNA coding for argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), extracted from the livers of some patients with citrullinemia, was analyzed using a cell-free translation system and dot and Northern blot hybridization with cDNA probe for ASS. In patients with quantitative-type citrullinemia, called type II here, previous studies have demonstrated that the hepatic content of the enzyme was about 10% of the control value, whereas the translatable mRNA level for the enzyme was similar to that of control livers. Here, we confirmed that the type II liver contained an almost normal amount of mRNA coding for ASS, judged by the dot-blot hybridization technique with cDNA. Northern blot hybridization of RNA indicated that there was hybridizable mRNA of approximately normal size (about 1.7 kilobase [kb]) in each, suggesting that large structural gene deletions had not occurred. These results indicate that in type II citrullinemia, the decrease in the enzyme protein is due either to increased degradation of the enzyme or to decreased or inhibited translation in the liver. Another type of citrullinemia was found and classified as type III. It is characterized by no detectable enzyme activity for ASS or translation activity for ASS mRNA. However, a smaller amount of RNA molecule hybridized for ASS cDNA was detected.
A new expression system for protein crystallization using trimeric coiled-coil adaptors (2007)

We repeatedly experienced difficulties in obtaining pure protein of a defined oligomeric state when expressing domains that consist partially or entirely of coiled coils. We therefore modified an established expression vector, pASK-IBA, to generate N- and C-terminal fusions of the cloned domain in heptad register with the GCN4 leucine zipper. GCN4 is a well-characterized coiled coil, for which stable dimeric, trimeric and tetrameric forms exist. To test this expression system, we produced a series of constructs derived from the trimeric autotransporter adhesin STM3691 of Salmonella (SadA), which has a highly repetitive structure punctuated by coiled-coil regions. The constructs begin and end with predicted coiled-coil segments of SadA, each fused in the correct heptad register to the trimeric form of GCN4, GCN4pII. All constructs were expressed at high levels, trimerized either natively or after refolding from inclusion bodies, and yielded crystals that diffracted to high resolution. Thus, fusion to GCN4pII allows for the efficient expression and crystallization of proteins containing trimeric coiled coils. The structure of short constructs can be solved conveniently by molecular replacement using the known GCN4 structure as a search model. The system can be adapted for constructs with dimeric or tetrameric coiled coils, using the corresponding GCN4 variants.
Role of staple line fixation during laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (2017)

Background: Although sleeve gastrectomy provides a technically simple procedure with minimal effect on digestive tract it deprives the stomach of its ligaments of fixation which results in impairment of gastric functions, vomiting, axial gastric rotation in addition to bleeding or leakage from the stable line. Objective of present study is the effect of stable line fixation during sleeve gastrectomy.Methods: This is a prospective randomized study using closed envelop method carried on 100 patients with morbid obesity who underwent laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) they were divided into two groups each is 50 patient group A underwent classic (LSG) with no fixation and group (B) with staple line fixation.Results: Patients were 68 females and 32 males with a mean age of 32.2±5.7 years, mean (BMI) 48.9±8.6kg/m2. postoperative vomiting, gastric axial rotation, impaired gastric emptying all were significantly higher in group A. Although both staple line bleeding and leakage were higher in the group A, but it was not statistically significant. Also, the operative time was shorter in the group A, but it was not significant.Conclusions: staple line fixation should be a step during sleeve gastrectomy as it regains the stomach its ligaments of fixation anatomically and so functions better less vomiting, less gastric axial rotation, better gastric emptying in addition to decreasing staple line bleeding and leakage with minimal effect on operative time.
Exquisite specificity and peptide epitope recognition promiscuity, properties shared by antibodies from sharks to humans (2001)

This review considers definitions of the specificity of antibodies including the development of recent concepts of recognition polyspecificity and epitope promiscuity. Using sets of homologous and unrelated peptides derived from the sequences of immunoglobulin and T cell receptor chains we offer operational definitions of cross-reactivity by investigating correlations of either identities in amino acid sequence, or in hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity profiles with degree of binding in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Polyreactivity, or polyspecificity, are terms used to denote binding of a monoclonal antibody or purified antibody preparation to large complex molecules that are structurally unrelated, such as thyroglobulin and DNA. As a first approximation, there is a linear correlation between degree of sequence identity or hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity and antigenic cross-binding. However, catastrophic interchanges of amino acids can occur where changing of one amino acid out of 16 in a synthetic peptide essentially eliminates binding to certain antibodies. An operational definition of epitope promiscuity for peptides is the case where two peptides show little or no identity in amino acid sequence but bind strongly to the same antibody as shown by either direct binding or competitive inhibition. Analysis of antibodies of humans and sharks, the two most divergent species in evolution to express antibodies and the combinatorial immune response, indicates that the capacity for both exquisite specificity and epitope recognition promiscuity are essential conserved features of individual vertebrate antibodies.
The pull of industry (2005)

Your article about physicists who have been involved in the search for gravitational waves before going into industry covered only rather recent history (August p45). In fact, Robert L Forward, who was the first person to receive a PhD for work on the detection of gravitational waves, also won a lucrative job in industry.
Future potential of thymidylate synthase inhibitors in cancer therapy (2002)

Thymidylate synthase (TS) catalyses the de novo synthesis of deoxythymidylate and is a key rate-limiting enzyme of DNA synthesis. The primary site of action of the classic antifolate methotrexate is direct inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase, but it also inhibits TS indirectly by diminishing levels of the TS cosubstrate 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. Polyglutamated metabolites of methotrexate also directly bind and inhibit TS. The prototype fluoropyrimidine fluorouracil is metabolised to an irreversible inhibitor of TS and is the standard chemotherapy for gastrointestinal carcinomas. It is also frequently used in combination with other anticancer drugs against breast cancer and head and neck cancers. The clinical efficacy of fluorouracil is routinely increased by concomitant administration of the biomodulating compound leucovorin (folinic acid). Both the success and limitations of these early drugs led to a search for new, more efficacious TS inhibitors active against a broader range of neoplasms. Raltitrexed (ZD1694, Tomudex) is an antifolate TS inhibitor developed over the last decade that is similarly effective, yet better tolerated, than fluorouracil against colorectal cancer. Additional antifolate and fluoropyrimidine-based TS inhibitors continue to be developed. Many of these experimental drugs have been designed to exploit or thwart selective metabolism in neoplasms, including specific mechanisms of resistance. As the curative potential of relatively non-selective antiproliferative drugs like TS inhibitors is limited against most neoplasms, the future role of TS inhibitors will likely continue to be adjunctive in surgically resectable tumours and palliative in combination with other agents for non-resectable disease. Although TS inhibitors will eventually be supplanted by yet to be discovered agents targeting more tumour-specific cellular signalling pathways, they will probably remain important for the above uses for some time. Future advances in the effective use of TS inhibitors may be forthcoming in the form of improved dosing, fewer untoward effects and increased tumour selectivity with novel fluorouracil prodrug formulations. Furthermore, there is emerging evidence that some novel antifolate TS inhibitors are active against a broader range of neoplams, including lung carcinomas and mesothelioma, compared to classical TS inhibitors. Other possible advances to come include effective biomodulation of antifolate TS inhibitors with nucleoside transport inhibitors and individualised patient therapy based on tumour gene expression and resistance patterns (pharmacogenetics).
Chemistry on Benzopentathiepin. Reactios of Benzopentathiepin with Aromatic Compounds in the Presence of Lewis Acid (1988)

Benzopentathiepin (BPT) reacted with many aromatic compounds such as benzene, l,4-dimethylbenzene, and naphthalene in the presence of Lewis acid to give various thianthrenes in moderate yields.BPT was found to serve as a 1,4-dication synthon.Recently, much attention has been paid an the chemistry of cyclic polysulfides such as lenthionine and sporidesmin in the viewpoint of biological activity. 1Especially, current interests have been centered on synthesis and reaction of
Über Derivate des 1,2,3,4,5‐Pentahydro‐2‐benzazepins (1973)

Abstract Aus 3,4,10,11‐Dibenzo‐1,8‐diazacyclotetradeca‐1,3,8,10‐tetraen (3) und Methyl‐ oder Äthyljodid entstehen in äthanol. Lösung 2‐Alkyl‐3,4‐dihydro‐5H‐2‐benzazepiniumjodide 4, die mit Kaliumcyanid in wäßriger Lösung N‐Alkyl‐1‐cyan‐1,2,3,4,5‐pentahydro‐2‐benzazepine 5 liefern. Durch Reduktion mit Lithiumalanat werden die Cyanverbindungen 5 in 2‐Alkyl‐1‐aminomethyl‐1,2,3,4,5‐pentahydro‐2‐benzazepine 6 übergeführt.