gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Estimation of Permeability from Joint Inversion of Time-Lapse Crosswell Electromagnetic and Production Data using Gradient-Based Method (2011)

Abstract Formation permeability is one of the most important parameters for reservoir modeling. There is a high degree of uncertainty associated with the estimation of permeability using the conventional history matching, which adjusts the model to only fit the production data. In this paper, we present an approach to improve the estimation of permeability by history matching time-lapse crosswell electromagnetic and production data simultaneously. A multiphase fluid-flow simulator is used to calculate the time dependent bottomhole pressure at the wells as well as the temporal and spatial distributions of water saturation and salt concentration in the reservoir. The latter ones are transformed into the formation resistivity using a resistivity-saturation formula. A 3D finite difference electromagnetic solver is used to simulate the crosswell electromagnetic data. A regularized Gauss-Newton approach is then used to update the permeability in an iterative fashion until achieving a good match between the simulated and the measured data. In the inversion process, the derivatives of production data with respect to permeability are computed using the gradient simulator method, and the derivatives of electromagnetic data with respect to permeability are computed using the adjoint method and the chain rule.
Contactless cardiac arrest detection using smart devices (2019)

Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death worldwide. Rapid diagnosis and initiation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is the cornerstone of therapy for victims of cardiac arrest. Yet a significant fraction of cardiac arrest victims have no chance of survival because they experience an unwitnessed event, often in the privacy of their own homes. An under-appreciated diagnostic element of cardiac arrest is the presence of agonal breathing, an audible biomarker and brainstem reflex that arises in the setting of severe hypoxia. Here, we demonstrate that a support vector machine (SVM) can classify agonal breathing instances in real-time within a bedroom environment. Using real-world labeled 9-1-1 audio of cardiac arrests, we train the SVM to accurately classify agonal breathing instances. We obtain an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.9993 ± 0.0003 and an operating point with an overall sensitivity and specificity of 97.24% (95% CI: 96.86-97.61%) and 99.51% (95% CI: 99.35-99.67%). We achieve a false positive rate between 0 and 0.14% over 82 h (117,985 audio segments) of polysomnographic sleep lab data that includes snoring, hypopnea, central, and obstructive sleep apnea events. We also evaluate our classifier in home sleep environments: the false positive rate was 0-0.22% over 164 h (236,666 audio segments) of sleep data collected across 35 different bedroom environments. We prototype our proof-of-concept contactless system using commodity smart devices (Amazon Echo and Apple iPhone) and demonstrate its effectiveness in identifying cardiac arrest-associated agonal breathing instances played over the air.
Accuracy and sources of error for an angle independent volume flow estimator (2014)

This paper investigates sources of error for a vector velocity volume flow estimator. Quantification of the estimator's accuracy is performed theoretically and investigated in vivo. Womersley's model for pulsatile flow is used to simulate velocity profiles and calculate volume flow errors in cases of elliptical vessels and not placing the transducer at the vessel center. Simulations show, i.e., that volume flow is underestimated with 5 %, when the transducer is placed 15 % from the vessel center. Twenty patients with arteriovenous fistulas for hemodialysis are scanned in a clinical study. A BK Medical UltraView 800 ultrasound scanner with a 9 MHz linear array transducer is used to obtain Vector Flow Imaging sequences of a superficial part of the fistulas. Cross-sectional diameters of each fistula are measured on B-mode images by rotating the scan plane 90 degrees. The major axis of the fistulas was on average 8.6 % larger than the minor axis, so elliptic dimensions should be taken into account in volume flow estimation. The ultrasound beam was on average 1.5 ± 0.8 mm off-axis, corresponding to 28.5 ± 11.3 % of the major semi-axis of a fistula, and this could result in 15 % underestimated volume flow according to the simulation. Volume flow estimates were corrected for the beam being off-axis, but was not able to significantly decrease the error relative to measurements with the reference method.
Overexpression of an Osteogenic Morphogen in Fibrodysplasia Ossificans Progressiva (1996)

Overexpression of a potent bone-inducing morphogen (bone morphogenetic protein 4) in lymphocytes is associated with the disabling ectopic osteogenesis of fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva.
The structured interview: Additional studies and a meta‐analysis (1989)

Hunter & Hunter (1984) recently performed a meta‐analysis on research on the interview for selection purposes and concluded its validity to be 0.14. The structured interview may be a promising alternative to the traditional unstructured interview. A review of structured interview studies is discussed and six additional validations are presented. A meta‐analysis performed on structured interview validities resulted in an estimated validity of 0.39. Research implications are discussed.
Plumbagin‐induced apoptosis of human breast cancer cells is mediated by inactivation of NF‐κB and Bcl‐2 (2008)

Breast cancer remains the major cause of cancer-related deaths in women world-wide. The heterogeneity of breast cancer has further complicated the progress of target-based therapies. Triple negative breast cancers, lacking estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and the Her-2/neu (ErbB2), represent a highly aggressive breast cancer subtype, that are difficult to treat. Pleiotropic agents, such as those found in nature, can target receptor-positive as well as receptor-negative cancer cells, suggesting that such agents could have significant impact in breast cancer prevention and/or therapy. Plumbagin (5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1, 4-naphthoquinone) is one such agent which has anti-tumor activity against several cancers. However, its mechanism of action against breast cancer is not clearly understood. We hypothesized that plumbagin may act as an effective agent against breast cancer especially triple negative breast cancer. We tested our hypothesis using ER-positive MCF-7 and ER-negative MDA-MB-231 (triple negative) breast cancer cells, and we found that plumbagin significantly inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells with no effect on normal breast epithelial cells. We also found that plumbagin induces apoptosis with concomitant inactivation of Bcl-2 and the DNA binding activity of NF-kappaB. Bcl-2 over-expression resulted in attenuation of plumbagin-induced effects, suggesting that the inhibition of cell growth and induction of apoptosis by plumbagin is in part due to inactivation of NF-kappaB/Bcl-2 pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report, showing mechanistic and cancer cell specific apoptosis-inducing effects of plumbagin in breast cancer cells, suggesting the potential role of plumbagin in the prevention and/or treatment of breast cancer.
Generalized Replica Exchange Method (2010)

We present a powerful replica exchange method, particularly suited to first-order phase transitions associated with the backbending in the statistical temperature, by merging an optimally designed generalized ensemble sampling with replica exchanges. The key ingredients of our method are parametrized effective sampling weights, smoothly joining ordered and disordered phases with a succession of unimodal energy distributions by transforming unstable or metastable energy states of canonical ensembles into stable ones. The inverse mapping between the sampling weight and the effective temperature provides a systematic way to design the effective sampling weights and determine a dynamic range of relevant parameters. Illustrative simulations on Potts spins with varying system size and simulation conditions demonstrate a comprehensive sampling for phase-coexistent states with a dramatic acceleration of tunneling transitions. A significant improvement over the power-law slowing down of mean tunneling times with increasing system size is obtained, and the underlying mechanism for accelerated tunneling is discussed.
High-speed microvia formation with UV solid-state lasers (2002)

Laser drilling has emerged in the last five years as the most widely accepted method of creating microvias in high-density electronic interconnect and chip packaging devices. Most commercially available laser drilling tools are currently based on one of two laser types: far-IR CO/sub 2/ lasers and UV solid-state lasers at 355 nm. While CO/sub 2/ lasers are recognized for their high average power and drilling throughput, UV lasers are known for high-precision material removal and their ability to drill the smallest vias, with diameters down to about 25-30 /spl mu/m now achievable in production. This paper presents an historical overview of techniques for drilling microvias with UV solid-state lasers. Blind and through via formation by percussion drilling, trepanning, spiralling, and image projection with a shaped beam are discussed. Advantages and range of applicability of each technique are summarized. Drivers of throughput scaling over the last five years are outlined, and representative current-generation performance is presented.
An Inductively Powered Implantable Blood Flow Sensor Microsystem for Vascular Grafts (2012)

Monitoring blood flow rate inside prosthetic vascular grafts enables an early detection of the graft degradation, followed by the timely intervention and prevention of the graft failure. This paper presents an inductively powered implantable blood flow sensor microsystem with bidirectional telemetry. The microsystem integrates silicon nanowire (SiNW) sensors with tunable piezoresistivity, an ultralow-power application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC), and two miniature coils that are coupled with a larger coil in an external monitoring unit to form a passive wireless link. Operating at 13.56-MHz carrier frequency, the implantable microsystem receives power and command from the external unit and backscatters digitized sensor readout through the coupling coils. The ASIC fabricated in 0.18-μm CMOS process occupies an active area of 1.5 × 1.78 mm (2) and consumes 21.6 μW only. The sensors based on the SiNW and diaphragm structure provide a gauge factor higher than 300 when a small negative tuning voltage (-0.5-0 V) is applied. The measured performance of the pressure sensor and ASIC has demonstrated 0.176 mmHg/√Hz sensing resolution.
An Integrated Information System for Real Estate Agency Based on Service-Oriented Architecture (2008)

To enhance the efficiency of surfing the Internet, an integrated platform for real estate agency is established based on service-oriented architecture (SOA). It employs the concept of search engine and loads the information provided by each real estate agency to this platform. Due to various types of data structure from each real estate agency website, a unified format must be defined for integrating the information. In this paper, the format is defined by XML and used to integrate heterogeneous database. Also, the format includes the data fields the agency websites required. It is processed in the platform which is expandable by receiving information from other sources in the future. In consideration of the copyright regulation, the agents are allowed to login and to share specific information on this platform in order to increase the transaction rate. The system also includes a Google Map engine for GIS service that marks the spatial location as users send the requests. It helps users to find the demanded housing information and retrieve the nearby geographic location.
Effect of process variables on supercritical fluid impregnation of composites with tebuconazole (1997)

This study examines the effects of pressure, temperature, and treatment time on supercritical fluid impregnation of such composites as plywood, particleboard, flakeboard, and medium-density fibe-board.Carbon dioxide with methanol as a cosolvent was used as the supercritical fluid, with tebuco11azole as the biocide.Biocide distribution, as measured by extraction and analysis, generally increased with pressure, temperature, and treatment time, although the retentions sometimes decreased at the highest pressure tested (4500 psig).In general, biocide retentions were far above those required for fungal protection, and the distribution was more uniform than that found with conventional pressule treatments.The results suggest that supercritical fluid impregnation represents a simple method f ( s impregnating composites with biocides without the permanent damage typical of other treatment sy!,terns.
Nucleotide sequence and transcription analysis of a linear DNA plasmid associated with the killer character of the yeast<i>Khuyveromyces lactis</i> (1984)

In killer strains of the yeast Kluyveromyces lactis, production of a protein toxin which inhibits the growth of sensitive yeast cells is associated with the presence of two linear DNA plasmids, k1 and k2. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of the smaller plasmid k1 (8.9kb) which is thought to carry the structural gene(s) encoding the toxin. The plasmid has a low G + C content (26.8%) and contains four long open reading frames which account for over 95% of the total sequence. The longest open reading frame (1146 amino acids) probably corresponds to a structural gene for the killer toxin. Transcripts from three of the putative genes have been detected in K.lactis by Northern hybridisation.
Towards Comprehensive Hydrocarbons Analysis of Middle Distillates by LC-GCxGC (2007)

The detailed characterization of middle distillates is essential for a better understanding of reactions involved in refining processes. Owing to a higher resolution power and an enhanced sensitivity, but especially to a group-type ordering in the chromatographic plane, comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GCxGC) offers unsurpassed characterization possibilities for petroleum samples. However, GCxGC fails to totally discriminate naphthenes from unsaturates occurring in hydrotreated diesel samples. This article aims at promoting the implementation of LC-GCxGC for the quantitative determination of hydrocarbon distribution in middle distillates, including naphthenes. In this configuration, liquid chromatography (LC) enables the separation of hydrocarbons into two fractions (viz., saturated and unsaturated) before the subsequent analysis of each fraction by GCxGC. In this paper, the choice of GCxGC conditions in order to achieve the separation and identification of hydrocarbons by chemical class is discussed; under these conditions, naphthenes are separated according to the number of saturated rings. For the first time, the presence of di-, tri-, and tetra-naphthenes resulting from the hydroconversion of aromatics can clearly be evidenced. A quantitative procedure for the determination of the distribution of hydrocarbons, including the distribution of naphthenes according to the number of saturated rings, is also proposed and discussed in detail. LC-GCxGC is found to provide an unequalled degree of information that will widely contribute to a better understanding of hydroconversion processes.
Climb every mountain. (1998)

In Egypt, the Association of Garbage Collectors for Community Development (AGCCD), created and administered with government support by Zabballeen (low-income people who have collected, sorted, and recycled Cairo's mountains of garbage since 1970), serves an urban settlement of 16,000 where entire households supplement their living from scavenging by raising pigs, chickens, and rabbits. The AGCCD employs 44 women in a primary health care and credit program for women that involves home visits, provision of primary health care, disease prevention, immunization, and reproductive health care (RHC). The low status of the women has meant that the birth of a girl is rarely registered, so that Zabballeen girls can not enjoy the benefits of citizenship. The main goal of the AGCCD has been to increase the role of women in RHC decision-making in their families. Many women have been successful in convincing their husbands of the need for permanent contraception and have resisted efforts to have daughters married at an early age. Recently, RHC discussions have been conducted with men. Women have also begun to actively oppose female genital mutilation. Future challenges for AGCCD include gender training, increasing the birth registration of girls, forming new groups of girls and women to promote women's health by improving gender relations, and providing legal advice and assistance to women, especially those whose births were not registered.
Dual Probe with Fluorescent and Magnetic Properties for Imaging Solid Tumor Xenografts (2007)

A dual probe with fluorescent and magnetic reporter groups was constructed by linkage of the near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent transferrin conjugate (Tf(NIR)) on the surface of contrast agent-encapsulated cationic liposome (Lip-CA). This probe was used for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging of MDA-MB-231-luc breast cancer cells grown as a monolayer in vitro and as solid tumor xenografts in nude mice. Confocal microscopy, optical imaging, and MRI showed a dramatic increase of in vitro cellular uptake of the fluorescent and magnetic reporter groups from the probe compared with the uptake of contrast agent or Lip-CA alone. Pretreatment with transferrin (Tf) blocked uptake of the probe reporters, indicating the importance and specificity of the Tf moiety for targeting. Intravenous administration of the dual probe to nude mice significantly enhanced the tumor contrast in MRI, and preferential accumulation of the fluorescent signal was clearly seen in NIR-based optical images. More interestingly, the contrast enhancement in MRI showed a heterogeneous pattern within tumors, which reflected the tumor's morphologic heterogeneity. These results indicate that the newly developed dual probe enhances the tumor image contrast and is superior to contrast agent alone for identifying the tumor pathologic features on the basis of MRI but also is suitable for NIR-based optical imaging.
Induction of Transformed Cells to Terminal Differentiationa (1987)

HMBA induces MEL cells to terminal erythroid differentiation. HMBA causes a decrease in diacylglycerol concentration, a decrease in Ca+2 and phospholipid-dependent protein kinase C activity (within 2 hr). There is an early (within 1-2 hrs) suppression of c-myb and c-myc gene transcription and an increase in c-fos mRNA (within 4 hrs). During the early or "latent" period there is no detectable commitment of MELC to terminal cell division or expression of differentiated genes such as alpha 1 or beta maj globin genes. HMBA-induced commitment to terminal differentiation is detected by 12 hrs and over 95% become committed cells by 48-60 hrs. Commitment is associated with persistent suppression of c-myb gene transcription and elevated levels of c-fos mRNA, whereas the level of c-myc mRNA returns to that of uninduced cells. By 36-48 hrs, transcription of the alpha 1 and beta maj globin genes increases 10-30 fold, and that of rRNA genes is suppressed. Changes in expression of c-myb, c-myc, c-fos and p53 genes that occur early during HMBA-induced differentiation may be important in the multistep process involved in commitment of MEL cells to terminal differentiation. Continued suppression of c-myb gene expression may be required for terminal differentiation of these cells.
Defragmentation and grooming on 85.4 Gb/s by simultaneous format and wavelength conversion in an integrated quad SOA-MZI (2012)

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate simultaneous format and wavelength conversion of multiple fragmented signals suitable for gridless and multi-granular networks. Conversion of NRZ and large-RZ to short-RZ-OOK by means of a single commercial Quad SOA-MZI is demonstrated for grooming 85.4 Gb/s frame. The output RZ-OOK signal is suitable for further tributary multiplexing onto a 170.8 Gb/s OTDM stream. The resultant OTDM channel is transmitted over a 110-km dark fiber link.
Concurrent repletion of iron and zinc reduces intestinal oxidative damage in iron- and zinc-deficient rats (2007)

Concurrent administration of iron and zinc corrects iron and zinc deficiency, and also reduces the intestinal oxidative damage associated with iron supplementation.
Statewide validation of a patient admissions prediction tool (2010)

We validate a proprietary system to predict hospital emergency department presentations. A key advantage in planning health service delivery requirements and catering for the large numbers of people presenting to hospitals is the ability to predict their numbers. Year-ahead forecasts of daily hospital presentations were generated for 27 public hospitals in Queensland, Australia from five years of historic data. Forecast accuracy was assessed by calculating the Mean Absolute Percentage Error and Root Mean Squared Error between predictions and observed admissions. Emergency Department presentations were found to be not random and can be predicted with an accuracy of around 90%. Highest accuracy was over weekends and summer months, and Public Holidays had the greatest variance in forecast accuracy. Forecasts for urban facilities were generally more accurate than regional (accuracy is related to sample size).
Groundwater use for irrigation – a global inventory (2010)

Abstract. Irrigation is the most important water use sector accounting for about 70% of the global freshwater withdrawals and 90% of consumptive water uses. While the extent of irrigation and related water uses are reported in statistical databases or estimated by model simulations, information on the source of irrigation water is scarce and very scattered. Here we present a new global inventory on the extent of areas irrigated with groundwater, surface water or non-conventional sources, and we determine the related consumptive water uses. The inventory provides data for 15 038 national and sub-national administrative units. Irrigated area was provided by census-based statistics from international and national organizations. A global model was then applied to simulate consumptive water uses for irrigation by water source. Globally, area equipped for irrigation is currently about 301 million ha of which 38% are equipped for irrigation with groundwater. Total consumptive groundwater use for irrigation is estimated as 545 km3 yr−1, or 43% of the total consumptive irrigation water use of 1 277 km3 yr−1. The countries with the largest extent of areas equipped for irrigation with groundwater, in absolute terms, are India (39 million ha), China (19 million ha) and the United States of America (17 million ha). Groundwater use in irrigation is increasing both in absolute terms and in percentage of total irrigation, leading in places to concentrations of users exploiting groundwater storage at rates above groundwater recharge. Despite the uncertainties associated with statistical data available to track patterns and growth of groundwater use for irrigation, the inventory presented here is a major step towards a more informed assessment of agricultural water use and its consequences for the global water cycle.
The spectrum of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis: new insights (2008)

Translation studies in humans and new evidence from animal models have provided mechanistic insights into the diverse phenotypes of FSGS.