gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dependency-based Topic-Oriented Sentiment Analysis in Microposts. (2015)

In this paper, we present a method that exploits syntactic dependencies for topic-oriented sentiment analysis in microposts. The proposed solution is based on supervised text classification (decision trees in particular) and freely-available polarity lexicons in order to identify the relevant dependencies in each sentence by detecting the correct attachment points for the polarity words. Our experiments are based on the data from the Semantic Evaluation Exercise 2015 (SemEval2015), task 10, subtask C. The dependency parser that we used is adapted to this kind of text. Our classifier that combines both topicand sentence-level features obtained very good results (comparable to the best official SemEval-2015 results).
Designing an XML-based exchange format for Harmonia (2002)

We present our design for a program data exchange format for Harmonia, a framework for constructing language-sensitive interactive CASE tools. We discuss the design issues for encoding for the syntax tree information in the XWL format, including choosing a representation, generation of data schemas from language grammars, and annotating program text with structural information.
LOW EMISSION GAS TURBINE PASSENGER CAR (1974)

TODAY'S TURBINE ENGINES CAN MEET THE HC AND CO REGULATIONS BUT EXCEED THE ALLOWABLE LEVEL FOR NO SUB X BY AN ORDER OF MAGNITUDE. IF THE TURBINE ENGINE COMBUSTOR CAN BE REDESIGNED TO REDUCE THE NO SUB X THEN THE TURBINE MAY BE ABLE TO MEET ALL THE EMISSION LAWS WITHOUT ANY OF THE ADD-ON CATALYTIC CONVERTORS, AFTERBURNERS OR AIR PUMPS THAT MAY BE NEEDED FOR THE PISTON ENGINE. PROBLEMS WHICH MUST BE SOLVED BEFORE THE COMBUSTOR IS PRACTICAL FOR AUTOMOTIVE GAS TURBINE ENGINES INCLUDE EMISSION PERFORMANCE DURING IGNITION AND DURING TRANSIENT ENGINE OPERATION; RAPID RESPONSE AND EXACT CONTROL OF THE COMBUSTOR VARIABLE GEOMETRY WITH ENGINE OPERATING CONDITIONS; AND EFFECT OF MANUFACTURING VARIABILITY ON EMISSION PERFORMANCE.
Spectroscopic studies of the H1b and H1c absorption lines in irradiated, annealed type-Ia diamonds (1986)

The H1b and H1c lines are observed in type-Ia diamonds following radiation damage and annealing at temperatures above 700 degrees C. The 2.086 eV (595 nm) centre in diamond is destroyed by annealing in the temperature range around 700 to 1000 degrees C, and in this paper it is shown that the H1b and H1c centres are formed when all, or part, of the 2.086 eV centre is trapped at the A form or B form of nitrogen, respectively. Uniaxial stress measurements show that the H1b and H1c lines both have monoclinic I symmetry. The stress parameters determined are consistent with line broadening produced by random strains, and with the virtual absence of vibronic bands associated with the H1b and H1c zero-phonon lines.
Brain-Computer Interface Control in a Virtual Reality Environment and Applications for the Internet of Things (2018)

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have enabled individuals to control devices such as spellers, robotic arms, drones, and wheelchairs, but often these BCI applications are restricted to research laboratories. With the advent of virtual reality (VR) systems and the internet of things (IoT) we can couple these technologies to offer real-time control of a user's virtual and physical environment. Likewise, BCI applications are often single-use with user's having no control outside of the restrictions placed upon the applications at the time of creation. Therefore, there is a need to create a tool that allows users the flexibility to create and modularize aspects of BCI applications for control of IoT devices and VR environments. Using a popular video game engine, Unity, and coupling it with BCI2000, we can create diverse applications that give the end-user additional autonomy during the task at hand. We demonstrate the validity of controlling a Unity-based VR environment and several commercial IoT devices via direct neural interfacing processed through BCI2000.
Elaboration of stem villous vessels in growth restricted pregnancies with abnormal umbilical artery Doppler waveforms (1995)

Our data do not support the theory that IUGR with absent end-diastolic flow velocity in the umbilical artery is due to a selective loss of small stem villous vessels. The increased impedance in this condition may be conferred more distally within the nonmuscularised capillaries of the peripheral villi.
Variables influencing the strain-age cracking and mechanical properties of Rene 41 and related alloys (1970)

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential toxicity of Silica nanoparticles (SiO2 NPs) in seawater by using the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus as biological model. SiO2 NPs exposure effects were identified on the sperm of the sea urchin through a multidisciplinary approach, combining developmental biology, ecotoxicology, biochemistry, and microscopy analyses. The following responses were measured: (i) percentage of eggs fertilized by exposed sperm; (ii) percentage of anomalies and undeveloped embryos and larvae; (iii) enzyme activity alterations (acetylcholinesterase, AChE) in the early developmental stages, namely gastrula and pluteus. Sperms were exposed to seawater containing SiO2 NPs suspensions ranging from 0.0001mg/L to 50mg/L. Fertilization ability was not affected at any concentration, whereas a significant percentage of anomalies in the offspring were observed and quantified by means of EC50 at gastrula stage, including undeveloped and anomalous embryos (EC50=0.06mg/L), and at pluteus stage, including skeletal anomalies and delayed larvae (EC50=0.27mg/L). Moreover, morphological anomalies were observed in larvae at pluteus stage, by immunolocalizing molecules involved in larval development and neurotoxicity effects - such as acetylated tubulin and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) - and measuring AChE activity. Exposure of sea urchins to SiO2 NPs caused neurotoxic damage and a decrease of AChE expression in a non-dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, through the multidisciplinary approach used in this study SiO2 NPs toxicity in sea urchin offspring could be assessed. Therefore, the measured responses are suitable for detecting embryo- and larval- toxicity induced by these NPs.
Discourse segmentation in aid of document summarization (2005)

This paper describes work to enhance a sentence-based summarizer with notions of salience, dynamically adjustable summary size, discourse segmentation, and awareness of topic shifts. Our experiments study strategies to diversify the application of a baseline summarizer, by making it aware of finer-grained 'aboutness', capable of discerning changes of topic, and sensitive to longer-than-usual documents. Evaluated against the corpus used in the development of the baseline summarizer, summaries derived either by means of segmentation analysis alone, or by a mix of strategies for combining salience calculation and topic shift detection, are shown to be of comparable, and under certain conditions even better quality. We describe the summarization and segmentation procedures, outline a number of strategies for mixing the two, evaluate the overall impact of discourse segmentation, and suggest an interface design capable of using the notion of topic shifts to contextualize a summary and facilitate the mediation between it and the full document source.
A New Transmucous-Buccal Formulation ofAcetaminophen for Acute Traumatic Pain: ANon-inferiority, Randomized, Double-Blind,Clinical Trial (2015)

For acute traumatic pain of moderate intensity, B-APAP has a non-inferior analgesic effect compared to iv-APAP for 2 hours. Such a pharmaceutical form would be useful in emergency situations and breakthrough moderate pain episodes. It would diminish APAP consumption per dosage unit, limit the risk of adverse events and toxicity, and adhere to actual guidelines of APAP prescription. It must be now studied in a larger population and with repeated doses.
Mass spectrometry of carbon nitride C3N4 (2005)

Carbon nitride has been synthesized in macroscopic amounts by means of the original method based on an ecologically safe technology using inorganic initial compounds. The product has been characterized by mass spectrometry (MS), X-ray diffraction, and quantitative chemical analysis. The MS and thermochemical data show that stoichiometry of the samples of carbon nitride obtained using the proposed method corresponds to the empirical formula C3N4.
C33 antigen recognized by monoclonal antibodies inhibitory to human T cell leukemia virus type 1-induced syncytium formation is a member of a new family of transmembrane proteins including CD9, CD37, CD53, and CD63 (1992)

C33 Ag was originally identified by mAb inhibitory to syncytium formation induced by human T cell leukemia virus type 1. The Ag was shown to be a highly heterogeneous glycoprotein consisting of a 28-kDa protein and N-linked oligosaccharides ranging from 10 to 50 kDa. In the present study, cDNA clones were isolated from a human T cell cDNA expression library in Escherichia coli by using mAb C33. The identity of cDNA was verified by immunostaining and immunoprecipitation of transfected NIH3T3 cells with mAb. The cDNA contained an open reading frame of a 267-amino acid sequence which was a type III integral membrane protein of 29.6 kDa with four putative transmembrane domains and three putative N-glycosylation sites. The C33 gene was found to belong to a newly defined family of genes for membrane proteins, such as CD9, CD37, CD53, CD63, and TAPA-1, and was identical to R2, a cDNA recently isolated because of its strong up-regulation after T cell activation. Availability of mAb for C33 Ag enabled us to define its distribution in human leukocytes. C33 Ag was expressed in CD4+ T cells, CD19+ B cells, CD14+ monocytes, and CD16+ granulocytes. Its expression was low in CD8+ T cells and mostly negative in CD16+ NK cells. PHA stimulation enhanced the expression of C33 Ag in CD4+ T cells by about 5-fold and in CD8+ T cells by about 20-fold. PHA stimulation also induced the dramatic size changes in the N-linked sugars previously shown to accompany human T cell leukemia virus type 1-induced transformation of CD4+ T cells.
Epigenetic crosstalk a molecular language in human metabolic disorders (2011)

Atherosclerotic renovascular disease (ARVD) is associated with a high rate of cardiovascular disease and mortality. ARVD is an independent risk factor for adverse outcome in coronary artery disease and there is a correlation between the presence of ARVD and severity of cardiovascular disease. ARVD is the most common cause of secondary hypertension and can be found in up to half of elderly patients with chronic heart failure. Abnormal cardiac structure and / or function will be present in 95 % of ARVD patients, with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and diastolic dysfunction the predominant abnormalities. These are likely to be due in part to over-activity of the renin-angiotensin pathway. Up to now, randomised trials have shown no benefit of renal artery revascularisation over medical therapy in terms of cardiovascular events but small case series clearly demonstrate situations where cardiac structure and function respond to revascularisation. Future strategies must focus on accurately identifying sub-groups of ARVD patients for whom revascularisation should be first line therapy.
A Review on the Mechanical Modeling of Composite Manufacturing Processes (2016)

The increased usage of fiber reinforced polymer composites in load bearing applications requires a detailed understanding of the process induced residual stresses and their effect on the shape distortions. This is utmost necessary in order to have more reliable composite manufacturing since the residual stresses alter the internal stress level of the composite part during the service life and the residual shape distortions may lead to not meeting the desired geometrical tolerances. The occurrence of residual stresses during the manufacturing process inherently contains diverse interactions between the involved physical phenomena mainly related to material flow, heat transfer and polymerization or crystallization. Development of numerical process models is required for virtual design and optimization of the composite manufacturing process which avoids the expensive trial-and-error based approaches. The process models as well as applications focusing on the prediction of residual stresses and shape distortions taking place in composite manufacturing are discussed in this study. The applications on both thermoset and thermoplastic based composites are reviewed in detail.
Pulse-induced low-power resistive switching in HfO2 metal-insulator-metal diodes for nonvolatile memory applications (2009)

The conduction process as well as the unipolar resistive switching behavior of Au∕HfO2∕TiN metal-insulator-metal structures were investigated for future nonvolatile memory applications. With current-voltage measurements performed at different temperatures (200–400K), the Poole–Frenkel effect as conduction process was identified. In particular, we extracted a trap energy level at ϕt=0.35±0.05eV below the HfO2 conduction band to which a microscopic origin is tentatively assigned. From current-voltage measurements of Au∕HfO2∕TiN structures, low-power (as low as 120μW) resistive switching was observed. The required forming process is shown to be an energy-induced phenomenon. The characteristics include electric pulse-induced resistive switching by applying pulses up to 100μs and a retention time upon continuous nondestructive readout of more than 104s.
Shortcomings in the clinical evaluation of new drugs: acute myeloid leukemia as paradigm (2010)

Drugs introduced over the past 25 years have benefitted many patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and provided cure for some. Still, AML remains difficult to treat, and most patients will eventually die from their disease. Therefore, novel drugs and drug combinations are under intense investigation, and promising results eagerly awaited and embraced. However, drug development is lengthy and costs are staggering. While the phase 1-phase 2-phase 3 sequence of clinical drug testing has remained inviolate for decades, it appears intrinsically inefficient, and scientific flaws have been noted by many authors. Of major concern is the high frequency of false-positive results obtained in phase 2 studies. Here, we review features of phase 2 trials in AML that may contribute to this problem, particularly lack of control groups, patient heterogeneity, selection bias, and choice of end points. Recognizing these problems and challenges should provide us with opportunities to make drug development more efficient and less costly. We also suggest strategies for trial design improvement. Although our focus is on the treatment of AML, the principles that we highlight should be broadly applicable to the evaluation of new treatments for a variety of diseases.
Arsenic Exposure from Drinking Water and Risk of Premalignant Skin Lesions in Bangladesh: Baseline Results from the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study (2006)

Millions of persons around the world are exposed to low doses of arsenic through drinking water. However, estimates of health effects associated with low-dose arsenic exposure have been extrapolated from high-dose studies. In Bangladesh, many persons have been exposed to a wide range of doses of arsenic from drinking water over a significant period of time. The authors evaluated dose-response relations between arsenic exposure from drinking water and premalignant skin lesions by using baseline data on 11,746 participants recruited in 2000-2002 for the Health Effects of Arsenic Longitudinal Study in Araihazar, Bangladesh. Several measures of arsenic exposure were estimated for each participant based on well-water arsenic concentration and usage pattern of the wells and on urinary arsenic concentration. In different regression models, consistent dose-response effects were observed for all arsenic exposure measures. Compared with drinking water containing <8.1 microg/liter of arsenic, drinking water containing 8.1-40.0, 40.1-91.0, 91.1-175.0, and 175.1-864.0 microg/liter of arsenic was associated with adjusted prevalence odds ratios of skin lesions of 1.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26, 2.89), 3.03 (95% CI: 2.05, 4.50), 3.71 (95% CI: 2.53, 5.44), and 5.39 (95% CI: 3.69, 7.86), respectively. The effect seemed to be influenced by gender, age, and body mass index. These findings provide information that should be considered in future research and policy decisions.
Inducible, reversible, and stable RNA interference in mammalian cells (2004)

RNA interference is a powerful genetic approach for efficiently silencing target genes. The existing method of gene suppression by the constitutive expression of short hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) allows analysis of the consequences of stably silencing genes but limits the analysis of genes essential for cell survival, cell cycle regulation, and cell development. We have developed an inducible U6 promoter for synthesis of shRNAs in both human and murine cells. Cells containing stably integrated shRNA expression constructs demonstrate stringent dosage- and time-dependent kinetics of induction with undetectable background expression in the absence of the inducer ecdysone. Inducible suppression of human p53 in glioblastoma cells shows striking morphological changes and defects in cell cycle arrest caused by DNA damage, as expected. Remarkably, the inducibility is reversible after withdrawal of the inducer, as observed by reappearance of the protein and a restoration of the original cell phenotype. Inducible and reversible regulation of RNA interference has broad applications in the areas of mammalian genetics and molecular therapeutics.
Characterization of <i>ERG</i> , <i>AR</i> and <i>PTEN</i> Gene Status in Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2009)

Hormone-driven expression of the ERG oncogene after fusion with TMPRSS2 occurs in 30% to 70% of therapy-naive prostate cancers. Its relevance in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) remains controversial as ERG is not expressed in some TMPRSS2-ERG androgen-independent xenograft models. However, unlike these models, CRPC patients have an increasing prostate-specific antigen, indicating active androgen receptor signaling. Here, we collected blood every month from 89 patients (54 chemotherapy-naive patients and 35 docetaxel-treated patients) treated in phase I/phase II clinical trials of an orally available, highly specific CYP17 inhibitor, abiraterone acetate, that ablates the synthesis of androgens and estrogens that drive TMPRSS2-ERG fusions. We isolated circulating tumor cells (CTC) by anti-epithelial cell adhesion molecule immunomagnetic selection followed by cytokeratin and CD45 immunofluorescence and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole staining. We used multicolor fluorescence in situ hybridization to show that CRPC CTCs, metastases, and prostate tissue invariably had the same ERG gene status as therapy-naive tumors (n=31). We then used quantitative reverse transcription-PCR to show that ERG expression was maintained in CRPC. We also observed homogeneity in ERG gene rearrangement status in CTCs (n=48) in contrast to significant heterogeneity of AR copy number gain and PTEN loss, suggesting that rearrangement of ERG may be an earlier event in prostate carcinogenesis. We finally report a significant association between ERG rearrangements in therapy-naive tumors, CRPCs, and CTCs and magnitude of prostate-specific antigen decline (P=0.007) in CRPC patients treated with abiraterone acetate. These data confirm that CTCs are malignant in origin and indicate that hormone-regulated expression of ERG persists in CRPC.
<i>In Vivo</i> Effect of an Immunostimulating Bacterial Lysate on Human B Lymphocytes (2006)

The aim of the present study is to investigate in humans the mechanism by which the oral vaccine Polyvalent Mechanical Bacterial Lysate (PMBL) can rapidly mobilize specific immune response and evaluate the efficacy of its immunostimulating activity in preventing recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract (URTIs) in a group of patients with a medical history of URTI recurrence. Patients received, by sublingual route, PBML, an immunostimulating lysate obtained by mechanical lysis of the most common bacteria responsible for upper respiratory tract infections. The treatment was administered for 10 consecutive days/month for 3 consecutive months. After the end of the treatment period the patients were followed up for an additional 3 months. The frequency of IgM memory B cells and the expression of the activation marker CD25 in peripheral blood lymphocytes were measured using the flow cytometric method before the start and at days 30 and 90 of the treatment cycle. To correlate clinical results to immunological parameters, the patients were monitored at different time-points during the treatment and at the end of follow-up period. The results showed that PMBL exerts a therapeutic and preventing effect in acute and recurrent infections of the upper respiratory tract and that this effect correlated with the activation and enhancement of both IgM memory B lymphocytes (CD24+/CD27+ cells) and IL2 receptor-expressing lymphocytes (CD25+ cells) involved either in humoral or cellular immunity.
Protamine-Induced Histamine Release in Human Skin Mast Cells (1990)

Rapid intravenous (iv) infusion of protamine sulfate is associated with hypotension in humans. A possible mechanism for this hypotension is the release of inflammatory mediators, including histamine, from tissue mast cells lining the blood vessels. To determine whether protamine caused nonimmunologic release of histamine, histamine released from dispersed human skin mast cells exposed to protamine sulfate was measured. Skin from seven adult patients was washed, chopped into small tissue fragments, and incubated with collagenase, hyaluronidase, and DNAase. Dispersed mast cells were harvested after 12 h of short-term tissue culture, washed, and challenged with protamine sulfate. Histamine release was measured using an automated histamine analyzer and expressed as a per cent of total released histamine measured minus the spontaneous histamine release. Spontaneous histamine release averaged 6 +/- 1%. Protamine produced dose-related histamine release. At a concentration of 3 X 10(-3) M, protamine sulfate released 14 +/- 2% (P less than 0.05), which significantly differed from spontaneous release. This study demonstrates that protamine sulfate causes nonimmunologic histamine release in dispersed human skin mast cells. However, histamine release occurred only at concentrations much greater than those used in clinical practice. Thus, these data do not support the hypothesis that nonimmunologic histamine release is a likely mechanism for protamine-induced hypotension in vivo.
Color Tuning of Poly(N-vinylcarbazole)-Based Light-Emitting Devices through Maskless Dye-Diffusion Technique Using Phosphorescent Dyes (2008)

The maskless dye-diffusion technique, a method for the local color tuning of polymer light-emitting devices employing thermal dye transfer, is applied to introduce a phosphorescent dye into poly(N-vinylcarbazole) (PVK). It is mentioned that the maskless diffusion of various phosphorescent dyes, such as iridium(III)-bis[2-(2'-benzothienyl)-pyridinato-N,C3'](acetylacetonate) (BtpIr), iridium(III)-tris[2-(4-tolyl)pyridinato-N,C2] [Ir(tpy)3], and iridium(III)-bis[2-(4,6-difluoropheny)pyridinato-N,C2'] picolinate (FIrpic), into PVK results in red-, green-, and sky-blue-emitting devices. The quantum efficiency of the devices fabricated using dye diffusion was much higher than that of the device fabricated using pristine PVK; however, the emission onset voltages were almost the same for all the devices. It was also found that there was a red-shift in the emission spectrum due to prolonged FIrpic diffusion.