gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Open Conformance Test System towards the Standardization of Wireless Sensor Networks (2012)

The conformance testing on the wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is fundamental for the functional large-scale deployment and interconnection with the global Internet. The WSN protocols based on the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) are the major trends of the future applications, which include IEEE 802.15.4, 6LoWPAN, and RPL. These protocols are not only diverse for various applications, but also volatile in the future. Moreover, sensor nodes are resource constrained, application related and lack the standardized test interface. Hence the corresponding conformance testing is seriously insufficient and needs urgently research. In this paper, the IPv6-based WSN protocols are analyzed and the conformance testing techniques and methods for IPv6-based WSNs are investigated towards the standardization of WSNs. A novel conformance test system for IPv6-based WSNs is designed and implemented, which is open, flexible, full featured, and practical. The conformance test system is suitable for the protocol evolution and the various hardware interfaces for the sensor nodes. The related outcomes will promote the standardization and commercialization of WSNs.
Microwave sensor technologies for food evaluation and analysis: Methods, challenges and solutions (2017)

Microwave sensor technology is widely accepted as a non-destructive and hygienic means for food evaluation and analysis. However, its applications concentrate on in-lab investigations, which are not widely applied for on-line measurement in food industry. Motivated by the rapid progress of microwave technologies and the lack of on-line measurement systems in industry, this paper aims to provide a comprehensive overview of microwave sensors for food measurement, define the technological gap, and suggest the potential solutions. With a brief introduction to the fundamentals, classification and analysis of the traditional methods and technologies are presented, followed by a discussion of calibration and decision-making methods. Based on the analysis of the cutting-edge microwave sensing technologies, the limitations and challenges facing the present studies are identified. Then, focusing on some new emerging technologies including Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits, antenna array and System on Chip Ultra-Wide Band pulse-based time domain systems, the feasibility and prospective of potential solutions in this particular area are suggested. In addition, integration of emerging Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and new design concepts of the sensor system concerning the practical use for smart manufacturing are also illustrated. The potentiality of the suggested new emerging technologies and integration of ICT to satisfy future digitised industry will be inspirational and of interest to researchers of both microwave engineering and food sectors.
Method of Designing Phase-Shifting Masks Utilizing a Compactor (1994)

A new method is proposed for designing Levenson-type phase-shifting masks. In this method, phases are assigned in an intermediate layout, and then the intermediate layout is converted to a final layout. In practice, the intermediate layout is a symbolic layout, and the symbolic layout is converted to a mask layout by a compactor. According to the strategy, no conflict spots arise during the operation, which greatly improves design efficiency. This design method is applicable to random patterns in a memory peripheral circuit and in microcomputer chips. As a result of application to the peripheral circuit of dynamic random access memory (DRAM), about 16% shrinkage of the mask area was obtained, compared with a conventional mask. As for a microcomputer chip, 12% shrinkage of mask area was obtained under the condition of 50% shrinkage of aluminum-wire spacing. Together with the interactive method reported before, which is applicable to a memory core circuit, the design of the Levenson-type masks for standard LSIs is totally covered.
Assessment of Airflow Obstruction during CPAP by Means of Forced Oscillation in Patients with Sleep Apnea (1998)

The forced oscillation technique (FOT) is a noninvasive method to measure respiratory resistance (Rrs) potentially useful for monitoring upper airway obstruction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome (SAHS). The aim of this work was to test the clinical suitability of FOT in assessing dynamic changes in airflow obstruction in patients with SAHS during continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) and to investigate the CPAP dependence of Rrs. Forced oscillation (5 Hz) was applied to six male patients with SAHS submitted to CPAP titration procedure. Esophageal pressure was measured with a balloon-tipped catheter. Mid-inspiratory resistance (Rrs,i), mid-expiratory resistance (Rrs,e), and esophageal pressure swings (deltaPes) were computed for the respiratory events recorded at each CPAP level. Rrs,i decreased markedly and significantly from 36.0 +/- 4.0 cm H2O x s/L (mean +/- SEM) at baseline CPAP (4 cm H2O) to 13.1 +/- 2.8 cm H2O x s/L at optimal CPAP (11.3 +/- 0.4 cm H2O). Rrs,e showed a faster decrease with increasing CPAP reaching normal values at approximately 8 cm H2O. Rrs,i was strongly correlated (r2 = 0.94) with deltaPes. Our results suggest that FOT can be used as an alternative to the esophageal balloon for assessing airflow obstruction in patients with SAHS and for CPAP titration. Moreover, FOT allows us to detect phasic changes in resistance within the breathing cycle.
Fel Phased Array Configurations (1986)

A summary is presented of possible phased array and shared aperture concepts for free electron lasers. The advantages and disadvantages of the various configurations are discussed.
Report of the European department of WHO on medical care quality and technology level enrichment in 1996-1998 (1999)

Результаты многонационального исследования эффективности непрерывной подкожной инфузии инсулина, послужившие основой для принятия в 1989 г. Сент-Винсентской декла?рации, создали реальные предпосылки для повышения качества помощи больным диабетом. Цель Веймарской инициативы состоит в улучшении исхода лечения диабета, в первую очередь, путем использования данных мониторинга, анализов и самооценки состояния больных в условиях оптимального обеспечения необходимыми средствами терапии и контроля. Основные положения: сосредоточение усилий медицинского персонала на локальном уровне, разработка плана действий исходя из местных приоритетов и имеющихся ресурсов, развитие партнерства и его координация на локальном, национальном и международном уровнях, организация работы, позволяющая своевременно оценивать эффективность тех или иных мер, разработка модели достижения поставленных целей, распространение и внедрение положительного опыта в регионах со сходными условиями. На 4-й встрече представителей стран - участниц Сент-Винсентской декларации, состоявшейся в Лиссабоне 28 февраля - 1 марта 1997 г., было принято заявление, подтверждающее актуальность поставленных в декларации целей и реальность их достижения.
The tetrahedral digital waveguide mesh (2002)

The 2D digital waveguide mesh has proven to be effective and efficient in the modeling of musical membranes and plates, particularly in combination with recent simplifications in modeling stiffness, nonlinearities, and felt mallet excitations. The rectilinear 3D extension to the mesh had been suggested, and has been applied to the case of room acoustics. However, it requires the use of 6-port scattering junctions, which make a multiply-free implementation impossible in the isotropic case. The 4-port scattering junctions of the 2D mesh required only an internal divide by 2, which could be implemented as a right shift in binary arithmetic. However, the 6-port junction requires a divide by 3. The multiply-free cases occur for N-port junctions in which N is a power of two. We propose here a tetrahedral distribution of multiply-free 4-port scattering junctions filling space much like the molecular structure of the diamond crystal, where the placement of the scattering junctions corresponds to the placement of the carbon nuclei, and the bi-directional delay units correspond to the four tetrahedrally spaced single bonds between each pair of nuclei. We show that the tetrahedral mesh is mathematically equivalent to a finite difference scheme (FDS) which approximates the 3D lossless wave equation. We further compute the frequency- and direction-dependent plane wave propagation speed dispersion error.
Activation of TYRO3/AXL Tyrosine Kinase Receptors in Thyroid Cancer (2011)

Thyroid cancer is the most common endocrine cancer, but its key oncogenic drivers remain undefined. In this study we identified the TYRO3 and AXL receptor tyrosine kinases as transcriptional targets of the chemokine CXCL12/SDF-1 in CXCR4-expressing thyroid cancer cells. Both receptors were constitutively expressed in thyroid cancer cell lines but not normal thyroid cells. AXL displayed high levels of tyrosine phosphorylation in most cancer cell lines due to constitutive expression of its ligand GAS6. In human thyroid carcinoma specimens, but not in normal thyroid tissues, AXL and GAS6 were often coexpressed. In cell lines expressing both receptors and ligand, blocking each receptor or ligand dramatically affected cell viability and decreased resistance to apoptotic stimuli. Stimulation of GAS6-negative cancer cells with GAS6 increased their proliferation and survival. Similarly, siRNA-mediated silencing of AXL inhibited cancer cell viability, invasiveness, and growth of tumor xenografts in nude mice. Our findings suggest that a TYRO3/AXL-GAS6 autocrine circuit sustains the malignant features of thyroid cancer cells and that targeting the circuit could offer a novel therapeutic approach in this cancer.
Extraction of Single-Copy Nuclear DNA from Forensic Specimens with a Variety of Postmortem Histories (1997)

Specimens of human bone, teeth and dried blood spots from 3 months to 91 years old, with a variety of postmortem histories, were used in a comparative study of recovery of single-copy nuclear DNA sequences from forensic material. Sequences of the amelogenin and HLA-DPB1 genes were chosen for their value in sexing and identification. Sequences of the mitochondrial non-coding region V were also amplified to compare the recovery of mitochondrial and single-copy nuclear DNA. A variation of the silica method for DNA extraction was refined for application to the forensic specimens in this sample. Single-copy nuclear DNA was amplified from 100% of recent postoperative bone specimens (n = 6), 80% of forensic teeth and bone specimens (n = 10), 78% of recently extracted teeth (n = 18), 78% of exhumed bone up to 91 years old (n = 37) and 69% of 15 year old bone specimens fixed in 10% formalin (n = 20). Amelogenin sexing was correct in 85% of cases (n = 74) in which the sex of the donor had been recorded. There was no correlation between the age of the specimen and the extent of DNA preservation.
Lane detection using lane boundary marker network with road geometry constraints (2020)

Lane detection is of critical importance to both the self-driving cars as well as advanced driver assistance systems. While current methods use a range of features from low-level to deep features extracted from convolutional neural networks, they all suffer from the problem of occlusion and struggle to detect lanes with low or no evidence on the road. In this paper, we use a lane boundary marker network to detect keypoints along the lane boundaries. An inverse perspective mapping is estimated using road geometry which is then applied to the detected markers and lines/curves are fitted jointly on the rectified points. Finally, missing lane boundaries are predicted using lane geometry constraints i.e., equidistant and parallelism. Reciprocal weighted averaging ensures lane boundaries with strong evidence dominate their predicted alternatives. The results show a significant improvement of +7.8%, +6.8% and +1.2% of F1 scores over the state-of-the-art on CU-Lane, Caltech and TuSimple datasets, respectively. This proves our algorithm's robustness against both occluded and missing lanes cases. Furthermore, we also show that our algorithm can be combined with other lane detectors to improve their lane retrieval potential.
[(1<b>,</b>5‐Cyclooctadiene)(toluene)ruthenium(<scp>0</scp>)]: A Novel Precursor for the MOCVD of Thin Ruthenium Films (2005)

Abstract MOCVD of [(1,5‐cyclooctadiene)(toluene)Ru 0 ] on copper and silicon substrates in a vertical cold‐wall reactor led to the formation of thin metallic ruthenium films with low carbon content. The deposition was carried out by varying the substrate temperature (150–450 °C), total pressure (100–500 mbar) and mean residence time (0.17–0.50 s). It was found that Ru films could be deposited at temperatures as low as 150 °C. The exhaust gas was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and the deposited films were characterized by energy dispersive analysis of X‐rays (EDX) and elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA). A correlation was found between the carbon content of the films and the presence of chemically modified ligands in the MOCVD exhaust gas. 1,5‐Cyclooctadiene was identified as the main source for carbon incorporated into the deposited Ru films. C–H activation at the metallic ruthenium surface was regarded as the primary process of ligand degradation, which led to final carbon contamination.
SANE, a Novel LEM Domain Protein, Regulates Bone Morphogenetic Protein Signaling through Interaction with Smad1 (2002)

Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) superfamily that play important roles in bone formation, embryonic patterning, and epidermal-neural cell fate decisions. BMPs signal through pathway specific mediators such as Smads1 and 5, but the upstream regulation of BMP-specific Smads has not been fully characterized. Here we report the identification of SANE (Smad1 Antagonistic Effector), a novel protein with significant sequence similarity to nuclear envelop proteins such as MAN1. SANE binds to Smad1/5 and to BMP type I receptors and regulates BMP signaling. SANE specifically blocks BMP-dependent signaling in Xenopus embryos and in a mammalian model of bone formation but does not inhibit the TGF-beta/Smad2 pathway. Inhibition of BMP signaling by SANE requires interaction between SANE and Smad1, because a SANE mutant that does not bind Smad1 does not inhibit BMP signaling. Furthermore, inhibition appears to be mediated by inhibition of BMP-induced Smad1 phosphorylation, blocking ligand-dependent nuclear translocation of Smad1. These studies define a new mode of regulation for intracellular BMP/Smad1 signaling.
Advanced metal-membrane technology-commercialization (1995)

The gasification of coal offers a potentially significant source of hydrogen for use in clean power generation and as a primary chemical feedstock. However, hydrogen derived from coal continues to be more expensive than hydrogen derived from natural gas or petroleum, due in large part to the expense of separating hydrogen from the mixture of gases produced during gasification. At Bend Research, we have been developing a novel hydrogen-permeable metal membrane that promises to be economical for hydrogen separation and purification, including the purification of hydrogen derived from gasifying coal. Furthermore, the membrane is ideally suited for use at high temperatures (200{degrees} to 500{degrees}C), making it feasible to produce pure hydrogen directly from hot gas streams. Through a partnership with Teledyne Wah Chang, we are proceeding with scale-up of prototype membrane modules and field tests to demonstrate the technology to potential users. Additionally, we are working with potential customers to estimate capital savings and operating costs for integrated systems. In this paper, we present some of the operating characteristics of the metal membrane, including its use to drive equilibrium-limited reactions toward complete conversion (e.g., the water-gas-shift reaction). We also describe our activities for commercializing this technology for a variety of applications.
Generalized Label Reduction for Merge-and-Shrink Heuristics (2014)

Label reduction is a technique for simplifying families of labeled transition systems by dropping distinctions between certain transition labels. While label reduction is critical to the efficient computation of merge-and-shrink heuristics, current theory only permits reducing labels in a limited number of cases. We generalize this theory so that labels can be reduced in every intermediate abstraction of a merge-and-shrink tree. This is particularly important for efficiently computing merge-and-shrink abstractions based on non-linear merge strategies. As a case study, we implement a non-linear merge strategy based on the original work on merge-and-shrink heuristics in model checking by Dräger et al.
A Study on the Characteristic of Floating Base Plate due to Plate Shape (2008)

A soft ground improvement method is used for structures which are constructed on soft ground to decrease settlement and Increase bearing capacity. The Floating Base Plate has been developed for such purposes. In this study, the load-settlement characteristics were investigated by numerical analysis on various Floating Base Plate shapes to select an optimum shape, different from the conventional shape. The selected optimum shape was used to perform plate bearing test and numerical simulations. It was found that the Floating Base Plate is very effective In reducing the settlement and increasing the bearing capacity.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Novel Group IV Element Nitride Phases (2002)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Cortical magnetic resonance imaging changes in elderly inpatients with major depression (1991)

The findings suggest that elderly hospitalized depressed patients have greater cortical as well as subcortical atrophy and more basal ganglia lesions than age-matched normal control subjects. The correlation of these abnormalities with outcome remains unknown.
Using neuromuscular electrical stimulation for pseudo-haptic feedback (2006)

This paper focuses at the usage of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) for achieving pseudo-haptic feedback. By stimulating the motor nerves, muscular contractions can be triggered that can be matched to a haptic event. Reflecting an initial user test, we will explain how this process can be realized, by investigating the physiological processes involved. Relating the triggered feedback to general haptics, its potential in future interfaces will be identified and laid out in a development roadmap.
Factor XI Deficiency and a Platelet Defect (1983)

A patient with a lifelong bleeding tendency of moderate severity was found to have both factor XI deficiency and a long bleeding time. There was a significant deficiency of platelet factor 3, but other parameters of platelet function were normal. Infusion studies showed that both fresh plasma and platelet concentrate were required for complete correction of the haemostatic abnormalities, suggesting that these two defects were inherited coincidentally.
A system for ontologically-grounded probabilistic matching (2007)

This paper is part of a project to match descriptions of real-world instances and probabilistic models, both of which can be described at multiple level of abstraction and detail. We use an ontology to control the vocabulary of the application domain. This paper describes the issues involved in probabilistic matching of hierarchical description of models and instances using Bayesian decision theory, which combines ontologies and probabilities. We have two fielded applications of this framework; one for landslide prediction and one for mineral exploration. 1
Vitamins K and D Status in Stages 3–5 Chronic Kidney Disease (2010)

These data indicate that a suboptimal vitamin K and D status is prevalent in patients with CKD. Sufficiency of both vitamins K and D was similarly predicted by measures of overall improved nutritional status. Proteinuria was associated with both a suboptimal vitamin D status as well as worse peripheral vitamin K status.
O/W Emulsification for the Self-Aggregation and Nanoparticle Formation of Linoleic AcidModified Chitosan in the Aqueous System (2003)

Chitosan was modified by coupling with linoleic acid through the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide-mediated reaction to increase its amphipathicity for improved emulsification. The micelle formation of linoleic acid-modified chitosan in the 0.1 M acetic acid solution was enhanced by O/W emulsification with methylene chloride, an oil phase. The fluorescence spectra indicate that without emulsification the self-aggregation of LA-chitosan occurred at the concentration of 1.0 g/L or above, and with emulsification, self-aggregation was greatly enhanced followed by a stable micelle formation at 2.0 g/L. The addition of 1 M sodium chloride promoted the self-aggregation of LA-chitosan molecules both with and without emulsification. The micelles of LA-chitosan formed nanosize particles ranging from 200 to 600 nm. The LA-chitosan nanoparticles encapsulated the lipid soluble model compound, retinal acetate, with 50% efficiency.
Potential of transition metal atoms embedded in buckled monolayer g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub>as single-atom catalysts (2017)

We use first-principles calculations to systematically explore the potential of transition metal atoms (Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag, Ir, Pt, and Au) embedded in buckled monolayer g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> as single-atom catalysts. We show that clustering of Sc and Ti on g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> is thermodynamically impeded and that V, Cr, Mn, and Cu are much less susceptible to clustering than the other TM atoms under investigation. Strong bonding of the transition metal atoms in the cavities of g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> and high diffusion barriers together are responsible for single-atom fixation. Analysis of the CO oxidation process indicates that embedding of Cr and Mn in g-C<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> gives rise to promising single-atom catalysts at low temperature.
Sample Stability and Protein Composition of Saliva: Implications for Its Use as a Diagnostic Fluid (2008)

Saliva is an easy accessible plasma ultra-filtrate. Therefore, saliva can be an attractive alternative to blood for measurement of diagnostic protein markers. Our aim was to determine stability and protein composition of saliva. Protein stability at room temperature was examined by incubating fresh whole saliva with and without inhibitors of proteases and bacterial metabolism followed by Surface Enhanced Laser Desorption/Ionization (SELDI) analyses. Protein composition was determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) fractionation of saliva proteins followed by digestion of excised bands and identification by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Results show that rapid protein degradation occurs within 30 minutes after sample collection. Degradation starts already during collection. Protease inhibitors partly prevented degradation while inhibition of bacterial metabolism did not affect degradation. Three stable degradation products of 2937 Da, 3370 Da and 4132 Da were discovered which can be used as markers to monitor sample quality. Saliva proteome analyses revealed 218 proteins of which 84 can also be found in blood plasma. Based on a comparison with seven other proteomics studies on whole saliva we identified 83 new saliva proteins. We conclude that saliva is a promising diagnostic fluid when precautions are taken towards protein breakdown.