gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of Buffer Size for Access Networks in First Generation Optical Networks (2017)

Enhancing network performance and reducing energy consumption by the routers are two very important design challenges faced by router manufacturers today. Routers require buffers to hold packets in times of delay. Therefore, buffer size plays a big role in router design. Network performance and router energy consumption is determined by the technologies employed to build the routers. Manufacturers use the rule of thumb to assign network buffer to routers, which increases buffer size linearly with an increase in network capacity. This results in large buffers that require a lot of power and board space, and are a challenge to router manufactures. In this paper, we use OPNET simulations to study buffer size in access networks, independent of network capacity, to come up with an optimal buffer size for the network. We propose and use a model to illustrate buffer size that is optimal for access networks. By having a buffer size that can hold at least fourteen packets, we illustrate that this results in reduced power consumption by the router and enhanced network performance.
A Query Language Solution for Shortest Path Problems in Cyclic Geometrics. (2004)

This paper presents a recursive query language solution for the shortest path problem based on the transformation of a cyclic geometric graph into an acyclic time graph, i.e. an acyclic Petri Net specifying the possible transitions (turns) between successive rides on different roads. Using this transformation, the shortest path problem is transformed into a fastest tour problem. The time complexity of the proposed solution is O(N), where N is the number of towns in the underlying geometry. The underlying algorithm guarantees termination.
Polymer addition as a solution to Nocardia foaming problems (1997)

In February 1994, The Terminal Island Treatment Plant experienced severe Nocardia foaming problems. Attempts to control foaming, such as lowering the MCRT and foam removal and wasting, met with limited success. In April 1994, a final clarifier cationic polymer injection system was used to combat poor settling activated sludge. After 3 days of polymer addition, foaming was eliminated. The effectiveness of the polymer as a Nocardia foam control agent was verified in subsequent foaming incidents by conducting the full‐scale plant tests presented in this paper. Mechanisms are suggested for the action of the polymer in eliminating Nocardia foam. These include interaction with the foam‐stabilizing surfactants present in the wastewater, and polymer flocculation of dispersed Nocardia filaments into the activated sludge floc.
GEM: a generalized event monitoring language for distributed systems (1997)

Event-based monitoring is critical for managing and debugging networks and distributed systems. This paper presents GEM - an interpreted generalized event monitoring language. It allows high-level, abstract events to be specified in terms of combinations of lower-level events from different nodes in a loosely coupled distributed system. Event monitoring components can thus be distributed within the system to perform filtering, correlation and notification of events close to where they occur and thus reduce network traffic. GEM is a declarative rule-based language in which the notion of real time has been closely integrated and various temporal constraints can be specified for event composition. The paper discusses the effect of communication delays on composite event detection and presents a tree-based solution for dealing with out-of-order event arrivals at event monitors.
Stereocontrolled Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Olefins (2007)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereocontrolled Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted OlefinsAlison B. Flynn and William W. OgilvieView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Street, Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N5, Canada Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 11, 4698–4745Publication Date (Web):October 31, 2007Publication History Received20 April 2006Published online31 October 2007Published inissue 1 November 2007https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr050051khttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr050051kresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2007 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views11984Altmetric-Citations539LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Anions,Coupling reactions,Hydrocarbons,Molecular structure,Reagents Get e-Alerts
An implementation of a clock-tree distribution scheme for high-performance ASICs (2003)

An implementation of a multilevel balanced clock-tree distribution scheme that improves the performance of ASICs considerably is described. Layout process and the CAD tools are briefly described, and the results are tabulated for differing complexities of real customer designs. The focus of this clock-tree distribution scheme is on minimizing the clock skew, on reducing the total clock delay from the clock driver to a clock pin, on improving rise/fall times, and on minimizing the silicon area consumed by the clock circuitry.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Bile Salt Transporters: Molecular Characterization, Function, and Regulation (2003)

Molecular medicine has led to rapid advances in the characterization of hepatobiliary transport systems that determine the uptake and excretion of bile salts and other biliary constituents in the liver and extrahepatic tissues. The bile salt pool undergoes an enterohepatic circulation that is regulated by distinct bile salt transport proteins, including the canalicular bile salt export pump BSEP (ABCB11), the ileal Na(+)-dependent bile salt transporter ISBT (SLC10A2), and the hepatic sinusoidal Na(+)- taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide NTCP (SLC10A1). Other bile salt transporters include the organic anion transporting polypeptides OATPs (SLC21A) and the multidrug resistance-associated proteins 2 and 3 MRP2,3 (ABCC2,3). Bile salt transporters are also present in cholangiocytes, the renal proximal tubule, and the placenta. Expression of these transport proteins is regulated by both transcriptional and posttranscriptional events, with the former involving nuclear hormone receptors where bile salts function as specific ligands. During bile secretory failure (cholestasis), bile salt transport proteins undergo adaptive responses that serve to protect the liver from bile salt retention and which facilitate extrahepatic routes of bile salt excretion. This review is a comprehensive summary of current knowledge of the molecular characterization, function, and regulation of bile salt transporters in normal physiology and in cholestatic liver disease and liver regeneration.
EVALUATION OF FRUIT SET AND FRUIT DEVELOPMENT OF NEW JAPANESE PARTHENOCARPIC EGGPLANT LINES (2008)

ISHS XXVII International Horticultural Congress - IHC2006: International Symposium on Endogenous and Exogenous Plant Bioregulators EVALUATION OF FRUIT SET AND FRUIT DEVELOPMENT OF NEW JAPANESE PARTHENOCARPIC EGGPLANT LINES
Evaluation of surrogate tests in toxicant impact assessments (1988)

Abstract A surrogate test battery was evaluated at several stream and landfill sites where toxicant contamination had occurred. The battery consisted of microbial activity assays and macrofaunal organisms: alkaline phosphatase, amylase, arylsulfatase, electron transport system activity, β‐galactosidase, β‐glucosidase, protease, metal resistance, heterotrophic uptake ( 14 C), zooplankton ( Daphnia magna, Ceriodaphnia ), amphipods ( Hyalella azteca ), and fathead minnows ( Pimephales promelas ). Waters, leachates, and sediments were tested for toxicity from sites in 5 states. Surrogate responses were correlated with in situ biological and/or chemical parameters. At each test site, statistically significant relationships were observed between microbial test responses and in situ biological or chemical responses, revealing both toxicant impacts and natural variations. Field validation of this test approach revealed its sensitivity and versatility, supporting its use in routine toxicant impact assessments.
Design of two-mode interference wavelength filter utilising symmetric three-mode structure (1988)

An integrated-optical two-mode interference filter based on a three-mode waveguide is proposed. Computed separation between channels is similar in magnitude, but more regular in a broad spectral region, as compared with two-mode waveguide interference filters.
Phosphodiesterases Catalyze Hydrolysis of cAMP-bound to Regulatory Subunit of Protein Kinase A and Mediate Signal Termination (2010)

Although extensive structural and biochemical studies have provided molecular insights into the mechanism of cAMP-dependent activation of protein kinase A (PKA), little is known about signal termination and the role of phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in regulatory feedback. In this study we describe a novel mode of protein kinase A-anchoring protein (AKAP)-independent feedback regulation between a specific PDE, RegA and the PKA regulatory (RIα) subunit, where RIα functions as an activator of PDE catalysis. Our results indicate that RegA, in addition to its well-known role as a PDE for bulk cAMP in solution, is also capable of hydrolyzing cAMP-bound to RIα. Furthermore our results indicate that binding of RIα activates PDE catalysis several fold demonstrating a dual function of RIα, both as an inhibitor of the PKA catalytic (C) subunit and as an activator for PDEs. Deletion mutagenesis has localized the sites of interaction to one of the cAMP-binding domains of RIα and the catalytic PDE domain of RegA whereas amide hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry has revealed that the cAMP-binding site (phosphate binding cassette) along with proximal regions important for relaying allosteric changes mediated by cAMP, are important for interactions with the PDE catalytic domain of RegA. These sites of interactions together with measurements of cAMP dissociation rates demonstrate that binding of RegA facilitates dissociation of cAMP followed by hydrolysis of the released cAMP to 5'AMP. cAMP-free RIα generated as an end product remains bound to RegA. The PKA C-subunit then displaces RegA and reassociates with cAMP-free RIα to regenerate the inactive PKA holoenzyme thereby completing the termination step of cAMP signaling. These results reveal a novel mode of regulatory feedback between PDEs and RIα that has important consequences for PKA regulation and cAMP signal termination.
Amended Safety Assessment of Sodium Picramate and Picramic Acid (2009)

Sodium picramate is the sodium salt of picramic acid, a substituted phenolic compound. Sodium picramate and picramic acid function as hair colorants; they are reportedly used in 31 and 3 hair-dye products, respectively. No concentration-of-use data were available for sodium picramate, but picramic acid was reported to be used at 0.6%. The Cosmetic Ingredient Review Expert Panel recognized that adding picramic acid to a hair-dye formulation likely results in formation of a salt such as sodium picramate, which suggested that safety test data for one ingredient would be applicable to the other. Hair dyes containing these ingredients bear a caution statement and patch test instructions for determining whether the product causes skin irritation. The panel finds that the available data support the safety of these colorants in hair dyes and expects that sodium picramate would be used at concentrations comparable to those reported for picramic acid.
Ribosylnicotinamide Kinase Domain of NadR Protein: Identification and Implications in NAD Biosynthesis (2002)

NAD is an indispensable redox cofactor in all organisms. Most of the genes required for NAD biosynthesis in various species are known. Ribosylnicotinamide kinase (RNK) was among the few unknown (missing) genes involved with NAD salvage and recycling pathways. Using a comparative genome analysis involving reconstruction of NAD metabolism from genomic data, we predicted and experimentally verified that bacterial RNK is encoded within the 3' region of the nadR gene. Based on these results and previous data, the full-size multifunctional NadR protein (as in Escherichia coli) is composed of (i) an N-terminal DNA-binding domain involved in the transcriptional regulation of NAD biosynthesis, (ii) a central nicotinamide mononucleotide adenylyltransferase (NMNAT) domain, and (iii) a C-terminal RNK domain. The RNK and NMNAT enzymatic activities of recombinant NadR proteins from Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Haemophilus influenzae were quantitatively characterized. We propose a model for the complete salvage pathway from exogenous N-ribosylnicotinamide to NAD which involves the concerted action of the PnuC transporter and NRK, followed by the NMNAT activity of the NadR protein. Both the pnuC and nadR genes were proven to be essential for the growth and survival of H. influenzae, thus implicating them as potential narrow-spectrum drug targets.
Right Dorsal Colitis (1990)

Moderate to severe ulcerative colitis of the right dorsal colon was diagnosed by necropsy or by exploratory celiotomy and biopsy in 13 horses with a primary clinical complaint of either colic, diarrhea, or weight loss. Clinical signs varied from acute fulminating diarrhea (possibly with fever), colic, dehydration, endotoxic shock and death, to a chronic condition manifested by mild intermittent colic up to several months in duration, and weight loss with or without mild diarrhea. In a large percentage of the horses, those affected had been hypovolemic and received nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID) or had received inappropriately high doses of phenylbutazone before the onset of illness. Experimental treatment of two horses with high doses of a phenylbutazone oral paste preparation (6 gm once daily for 5 days) and limitation of their water intake to approximately one half of maintenance requirement (for 5 days) resulted in reproduction of ulcerative colitis involving only the right dorsal colon, which was apparent at necropsy examination 11 and 15 days after initiation of drug use. It was concluded that localized ulcerative lesions in the right dorsal colon may be a previously unreported manifestation of toxicity due to the administration of NSAID.
Structure of Foreigners in Slovakia by Economic Activity (2010)

The paper deals with the issue of the current economic activities of foreigners in Slovakia. Attention is focuses primarily on immigrants and their activities in period after Slovakia became part of the European Union and in the current period affected by global economic crisis.
Object detection and tracking in RGB-D SLAM via hierarchical feature grouping (2016)

We present an object detection and tracking framework integrated into a simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) system using an RGB-D camera. We propose a compact representation of objects by grouping features hierarchically. Similar to a keyframe being a collection of features, an object is represented as a set of segments, where a segment is a subset of features in a frame. Just like keyframes, segments are registered with each other in a map, which we call an object map. We use the same SLAM procedure in both offline object scanning and online object detection modes. In the offline scanning mode, we scan an object using an RGB-D camera to generate an object map. In the online detection mode, a set of object maps for different objects is given, and the objects are detected via appearance-based matching between the segments in the current frame and in the object maps. In the case of a match, the object is localized with respect to the map being reconstructed by the SLAM system by a RANSAC registration. In the subsequent frames, the tracking is done by predicting the poses of the objects. We also incorporate constraints obtained from the objects into bundle adjustment to improve the object pose estimation accuracy as well as the SLAM reconstruction accuracy. We demonstrate our technique in an object picking scenario using a robot arm. Experimental results show that the system is able to detect and pick up objects successfully from different viewpoints and distances.
Association of human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminases with the generation of hepatitis virus B x antigen mutants and hepatocellular carcinoma (2007)

These findings suggest that some of the APOBEC3 deaminases play a role in the carcinogenesis of HCC through the generation of HBx mutants, providing preneoplastic and neoplastic hepatocytes with a selective clonal growth advantage. Deregulated expression of A3B in liver tissues may also have the potential to promote genetic instability and tumorigenesis.
Carbon Nanotubes: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications (2001)

The goal of this article is to provide an updated and in-depth review of some of the most exciting and important developments in the processing and properties of carbon nanotubes. Nanotubes can be formed in various structures using several different processing methods. The synthesis methods used to produce specific kinds of nanotubes are discussed and a comparison is made between the methods used by researchers and industrial producers. This is followed by an overview and discussion of what makes carbon nanotubes interesting to so many: their mechanical, chemical, electrical, thermal, and optical properties. The article ends with a discussion of the future outlook for the study of carbon nanotubes.
A 65nm dual-band 3-stream 802.11n MIMO WLAN SoC (2011)

The rapid commercialization of the IEEE 802.11n WLAN standard has increased the demand for higher data-rate and longer-range fully integrated MIMO SoCs that are backward-compatible with legacy IEEE 802.11a/b/g networks. This paper introduces a 3-stream, 3x3 MIMO WLAN SoC that utilizes three antennas to improve throughput, range, and link robustness. This chip integrates three dual-band transceivers, digital physical layer, media access controller, and a PCI express interface in a 65nm CMOS process. Improved EVM is achieved by reducing transmit and receive l/Q mismatch with calibration, and reducing the integrated phase noise with a reference clock doubler.
A DC-to-1 GHz Tunable RF $\Delta \Sigma$ ADC Achieving DR$ =$ 74 dB and BW$ =$ 150 MHz at $f_{0} =$ 450 MHz Using 550 mW (2012)

A sixth-order dc-to-1 GHz tunable continuous-time lowpass/bandpass ΔΣ ADC in 65-nm CMOS targeting RF and IF digitizing applications is presented. The ADC achieves 150-MHz bandwidth at 450-MHz center frequency with 74-dB dynamic range at 4-GHz sampling frequency while consuming 550 mW. This performance is enabled by a reconfigurable LC and active-RC modulator structure, fifth-order and seventh-order feedforward operational amplifiers, a self-cut-off comparator, and a dual-supply DAC.
Alternative 5' splice site selection induced by heat shock. (1994)

The mouse HSP47 gene consists of six exons separated by five introns. Three HSP47 cDNAs differing only in their 5' noncoding regions have been reported. One of these alternatively spliced mRNAs was detected only after heat shock, which caused an alternative 5' splice donor site selection. Other stress inducers, including an amino acid analog and sodium arsenite, had no effect on the alternative splicing. The alternatively spliced mRNA, which was 169 nucleotides longer in the 5' noncoding region compared to mRNA transcribed in non-heat shock conditions, was efficiently translated under heat shock conditions. This novel finding that alternative splicing is caused by artificial treatment like heat shock will provide a useful in vivo model for understanding the exon-intron recognition mechanism as well as heat shock-induced alterations in gene expression.
Multistep Resistor Control of Switching Surges (1969)

For system voltages above 500 kV the conventional one-step resistor cannot limit switching surge overvoltages to the desired level of 1.7 per unit or less. This paper presents the results of an analog computer study of four possible methods of controlling switching surge overvoltages with a breaker and/or resistors. The alternatives studied include synchronous control of closing without a resistor, a ganged three-resistor breaker, a ganged two-resistor breaker, and a controlled closing two-resistor breaker. Overvoltage limits and breaker timing criteria are obtained for each alternative.
Adaptation in a revised inner-hair cell model (2003)

A revised computational model of the inner-hair cell (IHC) and auditory-nerve (AN) complex was recently presented [Sumner et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 111, 2178-2188 (2002)]. One key improvement is that the model reproduces the rate-intensity functions of low- (LSR), medium- (MSR), and high-spontaneous rate (HSR) fibers in the guinea-pig. Here we describe the adaptation characteristics of the model, and how they vary with model fiber type. Adaptation of the revised model for a HSR fiber is in line with an earlier version of the model [Meddis and Hewitt, J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 90, 904-917 (1991)]. In guinea-pig, poststimulus time histograms (PSTH) have been found to show less adaptation in LSR fibers. Evidence from chinchilla suggests that this is due to chronic adaptation resulting from short interstimulus intervals, and that fully recovered LSR fibers actually show more adaptation. However, the model is able to account for both variations of PSTH shape when fully recovered from adaptation. Interstimulus interval can also affect recovery in the model. The model is further tested against data previously used to evaluate models of AN adaptation. The tests are (i) recovery from adaptation of spontaneous rate and (ii) the recovery of response to acoustic stimuli ("forward masking"), (iii) the response to stimulus increments and (iv) decrements, and (v) the conservation of transient components. A HSR model fiber performs similarly to the earlier version of the model. However, there is considerable variation in response to increments and decrements between different model fibers.