gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Approximate MMSE-APP estimation for linear systems with binary inputs (2005)

This letter presents an equivalent form of the Wang-Poor algorithm. A single matrix equation is used to generate all of the estimates simultaneously, while in the Wang-Poor algorithm a recursive technique is used to generate these estimates one by one. The new method is mathematically more compact and computationally more efficient.
A chronobiological study of melatonin and cortisol secretion in depressed subjects: plasma melatonin, a biochemical marker in major depression. (1984)

The temporal organization of plasma melatonin and cortisol secretion was examined in healthy rested controls and in depressed patients: 11 patients suffering from a primary affective disorder (10 female, 1 male) and 8 male controls were studied over a 24-hr period; blood was collected at 2-hr intervals during the day at 1-hr intervals at night. Plasma melatonin and cortisol levels were determined by radioimmunoassay. In addition, melatonin was determined in plasma sampled at 3 AM in older male controls (n = 8) and in females (n = 10) at ovulation. The controls showed low or undetectable (less than 5 pg/ml) diurnal plasma melatonin levels and a very marked nocturnal rhythm (acrophase: 2.27 AM, mesor: 34.4 pg/ml, amplitude: 58.7 pg/ml). For the three control groups, no significant difference was observed in the nocturnal melatonin peak at 3 AM. The depressed patients also showed a significant melatonin rhythm but with lower amplitude (14.5 pg/ml) and mesor (19.1 pg/ml). The latter rhythm was not significantly phase-advanced with respect to the controls (acrophase at 1.18 and 2.34 AM, respectively). In 9 of the 11 patients, nocturnal melatonin secretion was less marked and frequently associated with hypercortisolemia. An additional episodic melatonin secretion was observed in the late afternoon in only two patients. In depressed patients, there was an increase in the mean cortisol secretion level (mesor at 13.6 micrograms/100 ml against 9.1 micrograms/100 ml in the controls), but the amplitude and the acrophase were not significantly modified. These data are discussed in terms of both the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-epiphysis and aminergic abnormalities.
Empirical study of the random number parameter setting for particle swarm optimization algorithm (2010)

In the particle swarm optimization (PSO) model, the parameters such as the inertia weight have much effect on the performance of PSO and much research has focused on the parameters selection. Because of the programming approach of different high-level programming language and the practice of the programmers, the parameter of the random number is frequently ignored by the researcher. Based on the experiment, the parameter setting of the random number is discussed from the point of view of computer program of PSO. Along with the updating of every velocity vector in one iteration, the random number in the velocity updating equation of PSO model can be set to the same value or the different value for all of the value of every velocity vector, and as a result, different computational results can be evaluated for the same optimization problem. Several standard benchmark functions and the equipment possession quantity optimization model are tested by PSO with the same value and the different value of the random number. The computational results show that the parameter setting of the random number also has important effect on the performance of PSO and PSO with the same value of the random number has much better performance for some unimodal function.
Novel C-4 Modified Tetracycline Derivatives (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel C-4 Modified Tetracycline DerivativesRobert K. Blackwood and Charles R. StephensCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 13, 2736–2737Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01067a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01067a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Origin of Density Gradients in Sintered β‐Silicon Carbide Parts (1994)

Sintered densities of β‐silicon carbide compacts were observed to decrease as the thickness of the compact increased. The chemistry and density gradients of these compacts were analyzed, as well as the weight loss and the CO evolution during sintering. The sintering cycle was altered to include a vacuum hold between the temperatures of 1400° and 1700°C, which resulted in increased density. Depending on the temperature of the vacuum soak, densities of 98% could be achieved on tiles with a thickness greater than 2.5 cm. The density gradients within the compact were significantly reduced, but not totally eliminated. It is suggested that these gradients are due to the effect of microstructural coarsening which occurs simultaneously with CO evolution.
Machine learning meets continuous flow chemistry: Automated optimization towards the Pareto front of multiple objectives (2018)

Automated development of chemical processes requires access to sophisticated algorithms for multi-objective optimization, since single-objective optimization fails to identify the trade-offs between conflicting performance criteria. Herein we report the implementation of a new multi-objective machine learning optimization algorithm for self-optimization, and demonstrate it in two exemplar chemical reactions performed in continuous flow. The algorithm successfully identified a set of optimal conditions corresponding to the trade-off curve (Pareto front) between environmental and economic objectives in both cases. Thus, it reveals the complete underlying trade-off and is not limited to one compromise as is the case in many other studies. The machine learning algorithm proved to be extremely data efficient, identifying the optimal conditions for the objectives in a lower number of experiments compared to single-objective optimizations. The complete underlying trade-off between multiple objectives is identified without arbitrary weighting factors, but via true multi-objective optimization.
Blue Luminescence Based on Quantum Confinement at Peptide Nanotubes (2009)

We report on observation of photoluminescence (PL) in blue and UV regions of exciton origin in bioinspired material-peptide nanotubes (PNTs). Steplike optical absorption and PL measurements have allowed finding quantum confined (QC) phenomenon in PNTs. The estimations show that QC in these nanotubes occurs due to a crystalline structure of subnanometer scale dimension formed under the self-assembly process. Our new findings pave the way for the integration of PNT in a new generation of optical devices. A blue PL array of a PNT-patterned device is demonstrated.
Permanent life support by kidneys perfused with a vitrifiable (7.5 molar) cryoprotectant solution. (2000)

The results described provide the strongest evidence to date that it may be possible to bank kidneys for unlimited periods in the absence of ice for later transplantation.
Isolation and identification of two hemolytic forms of streptolysin-O (1984)

Streptolysin-O was isolated from culture supernatants of group-A beta-hemolytic streptococci (Richards strain) by ammonium sulfate and polyethylene glycol precipitation, DEAE-ion exchange chromatography, preparative isoelectric focusing, and chromatography on Sephacryl S-300. Two forms of the toxin possessing similar hemolytic capacity were identified. The native toxin was a single polypeptide chain devoid of amino sugars with a sedimentation coefficient of 3.9S and a molecular weight of 69,000, and was isoelectric at pH 6.0 to 6.4. Partial degradation of the native toxin occurred during the isolation procedure, yielding a hemolytically active polypeptide with a molecular weight of 57,000 and a pI of 7.0 to 7.5. Both forms of the toxin generated the typical, heterogeneous, open and closed ring-structured channels in erythrocyte membranes. Structural considerations indicated that between 25 and 100 monomer toxin molecules constituted the individual ultrastructurally recognizable channels. Hemolytic titrations indicated that the presence of 70 to 125 toxin molecules per erythrocyte was required to generate an average of one functional lesion per cell. The data are consistent with the concept that one or very few streptolysin-O channels will cause hemolysis.
Centrally Banked Cryptocurrencies (2015)

Current cryptocurrencies, starting with Bitcoin, build a decentralized blockchain-based transaction ledger, maintained through proofs-of-work that also generate a monetary supply. Such decentralization has benefits, such as independence from national political control, but also significant limitations in terms of scalability and computational cost. We introduce RSCoin, a cryptocurrency framework in which central banks maintain complete control over the monetary supply, but rely on a distributed set of authorities, or mintettes, to prevent double-spending. While monetary policy is centralized, RSCoin still provides strong transparency and auditability guarantees. We demonstrate, both theoretically and experimentally, the benefits of a modest degree of centralization, such as the elimination of wasteful hashing and a scalable system for avoiding double-spending attacks.
Protein Kinase C δ Localizes to Secretory Lysosomes in CD8+ CTL and Directly Mediates TCR Signals Leading to Granule Exocytosis-Mediated Cytotoxicity (2008)

Lytic granule exocytosis is the major effector function used by CD8(+) CTL in response to intracellular pathogens and tumors. Despite recent progress in the field, two important aspects of this cytotoxic mechanism remain poorly understood. First, TCR-signaling pathway(s) that selectively induces granule exocytosis in CTL has not been defined to date. Second, it is unclear how Ag receptor-induced signals are converted into mobilization of lytic granules. We recently demonstrated that protein kinase C delta (PKC delta) selectively regulates TCR-induced lytic granule polarization in mouse CD8(+) CTL. To better understand how PKC delta facilitates granule movement, here we studied dynamics of intracellular localization of PKC delta in living CD8(+) CTL. Strikingly, we found that PKC delta localizes to the secretory lysosomes and polarizes toward immunological synapse during the process of target cell killing. Also, biochemical and structure-function studies demonstrated that upon TCR ligation, PKC delta becomes rapidly phosphorylated on the activation loop and regulates granule exocytosis in a kinase-dependent manner. Altogether, our current studies provide new insights concerning the regulation of TCR-induced lytic granule exocytosis by revealing novel intracellular localization of PKC delta, providing the first example of colocalization of a kinase with secretory lysosomes in CD8(+) CTL and demonstrating that PKC delta directly transduces TCR signals leading to polarized granule secretion.
Small Hive Beetle, Aethina tumida (Murray) (1969)

This document is EENY-094, one of a series of Featured Creatures from the Entomology and Nematology Department, Florida Cooperative Extension Service, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida. Published: June 1999. https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/in251
Determinants of circulating insulin-like growth factor-I. (1999)

Total IGF-I level in serum is a sensitive index during growth hormone (GH) replacement therapy of adults, since GH stimulates the hepatic expressions of both insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and acid-labile subunit (ALS) and the major part of IGF-I in the circulation is found in a ternary complex together with ALS and IGFBP-3. However, other regulators of the proteins constituting the ternary complex may influence IGF-I levels. In healthy subjects the serum IGF-I levels are low at birth, rise during childhood, with peak levels during puberty, and decline with increasing age. This pattern has been attributed to the age-dependent GH production, but it is unknown whether the wide range of IGF-I levels within each age interval is due to GH production or GH sensitivity. In elderly twins approximately 60% of IGF-I levels are genetically determined. The remaining environmental dependency of IGF-I is partly due to nutrition. Both caloric and protein content of the diet is of importance. Thus, low IGF-I levels are found in GH deficient patients as well as in patients with GH resistance due to malnutrition or GH receptor defects. It is essential that IGF-I determination is performed by assays in which IGFBPs do not interfere, and that IGF-I concentration is evaluated in relation to age, i.e. expressed in SD score, and the number of individuals constituting the reference intervals improves the sensitivity and specificity. Although determination of IGF-I is recommended in assessing GH deficiency in children, its diagnostic value in patients with adult onset of GH deficiency is not agreed upon. In the age group above 40-80 years many patients with pituitary/hypothalamic disorders and GH peaks below 3 microg/l during provocation tests have normal IGF-I levels. It is not clarified, whether the IGF-I levels within normal range for age is due to endogenous basal GH production being sufficient or other factors stimulating IGF-I, IGFBP-3 or ALS expressions.
Extraction of fat tissue from meat products with supercritical carbon dioxide (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExtraction of fat tissue from meat products with supercritical carbon dioxideJerry W. King, James H. Johnson, and John P. FriedrichCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1989, 37, 4, 951–954Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00088a027https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00088a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views400Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Characterization of Cellobiohydrolase I <i>N</i>-Glycans and Differentiation of Their Phosphorylated Isomers by Capillary Electrophoresis−Q-Trap Mass Spectrometry (2004)

A capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometric (CE-MS) method is described for the simultaneous analysis of uncharged and charged glycans. The glycans were labeled with the negatively charged tag 8-aminopyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonate by reductive amination and separated in an ammonium acetate buffer. A Q-Trap instrument was used for mass spectrometric detection. The CE-MS method was first optimized using maltooligosaccharides and ribonuclease B N-glycans and then applied to the characterization of enzymatically released N-glycans from the glycoprotein cellobiohydrolase I. The method, as developed, allowed differentiation of phosphorylated isomers and MS/MS provided useful structural information. Further structural evidence was obtained by studying the methylated glycans in off-line ESI-MS/MS experiments and by using a combination of chemical and enzymatic sequencing.
Energy spectra considerations for synchrotron radiotherapy trials on the ID17 bio-medical beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (2015)

The aim of this study was to validate the kilovoltage X-ray energy spectrum on the ID17 beamline at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF). The purpose of such validation was to provide an accurate energy spectrum as the input to a computerized treatment planning system, which will be used in synchrotron microbeam radiotherapy trials at the ESRF. Calculated and measured energy spectra on ID17 have been reported previously but recent additions and safety modifications to the beamline for veterinary trials warranted a fresh investigation. The authors used an established methodology to compare X-ray attenuation measurements in copper sheets (referred to as half value layer measurements in the radiotherapy field) with the predictions of a theoretical model. A cylindrical ionization chamber in air was used to record the relative attenuation of the X-ray beam intensity by increasing thicknesses of high-purity copper sheets. The authors measured the half value layers in copper for two beamline configurations, which corresponded to differing spectral conditions. The authors obtained good agreement between the measured and predicted half value layers for the two beamline configurations. The measured first half value layer was 1.754 ± 0.035 mm Cu and 1.962 ± 0.039 mm Cu for the two spectral conditions, compared with theoretical predictions of 1.763 ± 0.039 mm Cu and 1.984 ± 0.044 mm Cu, respectively. The calculated mean energies for the two conditions were 105 keV and 110 keV and there was not a substantial difference in the calculated percentage depth dose curves in water between the different spectral conditions. The authors observed a difference between their calculated energy spectra and the spectra previously reported by other authors, particularly at energies greater than 100 keV. The validation of the beam spectrum by the copper half value layer measurements means the authors can provide an accurate spectrum as an input to a treatment planning system for the forthcoming veterinary trials of microbeam radiotherapy to spontaneous tumours in cats and dogs.
Discovering Batch Processing Area from Workflow Logs (2010)

Our previous work has preliminarily investigated the batch processing model and its implementation. To solve the problem of setting batch processing areas for the applications of batch processing in workflow, this paper proposes a method of discovering batch processing area from workflow logs. Its mining process includes phrases of mining initial workflow model, identifying batch processing feature of activity and discovering batch processing area in the initial workflow model. The result of simulation experiments shows that this method can work effectively for several different size of data sets.
SYNTHESES AND CONFIGURATION OF HALOGENOETHYLAMINOACIDATO PT (II) COMPLEXES (1983)

Sixteen new halogenoethylaminoacidato Pt(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized,of which eightiodocomplexes [PtA_2I_2] (A=DL-α-AlaOEt, L-α-AiaOEt.DL-α-PheOEt, L-α-PheOEt, DI-α-AspOEt, L-α-AspOEt,DL-α-SerOEt and L-α-Lys OEt), four chloro compounds [PtA_2Cl_2] (A=DL-α-PheOEt, DL-a-AspOEt, L-α-AspOEt) and (DL-α-PheHOEt)_2[PtO14] were obtained by reaction of K_2 [PtX_4] (X=1,Cl )with the corresponding ethylaminoacidates in water.The other chloroethylamincacidato Pt (II)complexes [PtA_2Cl_2] (A=DL-α-AlaOEt, L-α-AlaOEt, L-α-PheOEt, DL-α-SerOEt) were synthesized in acetone by exchange reaction of the corresponding iodo complexes with AgCl in order to avoid hydrolysis of the ethyl aminoacidates.Molar conductivity determination showed that all the Pt(II) complexes obtained were neutral molecules with the exception of (DL-a-PheHOEt)_2 [PtCl_4] which existed as an anion. As shown by dipole. moment determination and modified thiourea reaction,iodo complexes 1～7 and some of the chloro complexes [PtA_2Cl_2] (A=DL-α-AlaOEt.D-α-AlaOEt, DL-α-SerOEt)were of cis-configuration and the other chloro complexes were of trans-configuration.
Pernicious Anemia (1997)

Pernicious anemia is the most common cause of vitamin B12 deficiency. Vitamin B12 deficiency has many causes; the term “pernicious anemia” applies only to the condition associated with chronic atrophic gastritis. A recent population survey revealed that 1.9 percent of persons more than 60 years old have undiagnosed pernicious anemia.1 Earlier studies suggested that pernicious anemia is restricted to Northern Europeans.2 However, subsequent studies have reported the disease in black and Latin-American subjects, with an earlier age of onset in black women.1,3 Although the disease is silent until the end stage, the underlying gastric lesion can be . . .
Analytic solutions to modelling exponential and harmonic functions using Chebyshev polynomials: fitting frequency‐domain lifetime images with photobleaching (2007)

A novel approach is introduced for modelling linear dynamic systems composed of exponentials and harmonics. The method improves the speed of current numerical techniques up to 1000-fold for problems that have solutions of multiple exponentials plus harmonics and decaying components. Such signals are common in fluorescence microscopy experiments. Selective constraints of the parameters being fitted are allowed. This method, using discrete Chebyshev transforms, will correctly fit large volumes of data using a noniterative, single-pass routine that is fast enough to analyse images in real time. The method is applied to fluorescence lifetime imaging data in the frequency domain with varying degrees of photobleaching over the time of total data acquisition. The accuracy of the Chebyshev method is compared to a simple rapid discrete Fourier transform (equivalent to least-squares fitting) that does not take the photobleaching into account. The method can be extended to other linear systems composed of different functions. Simulations are performed and applications are described showing the utility of the method, in particular in the area of fluorescence microscopy.
The Use of Entropy Coding in Speech and Television Differential PCM systems (1972)

Abstract : Much of the redundancy in a speech or television signal is eliminated when that signal is encoded into digital form by a differential PCM encoder. Further coding of the differential PCM output using entropy coding techniques (Huffman or Shannon-Fano coding) can result in a further increase in the signal to quantizing noise ratio of 5.6 dB without increasing the transmission rate. This conclusion is reached by comparing the performance of a DPCM system without entropy coding with one using entropy coding. The DPCM without entropy coding uses a minimum mean square error quantizer (Max quantizer) while the system with entropy coding uses an equilevel density function. This is consistent with previous experiments with speech and television signals. Gaussian quantizer inputs result in only a 2.8 dB improvement for entropy coding.