gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multilevel GMRF-based segmentation of image sequences (2003)

A probabilistic method for obtaining a complete image representation on the basis of spatial-temporal knowledge is presented. The main goal of the algorithm is to obtain a consistent segmentation of a noisy image sequence. Consistent means that the same region must maintain the same label in all consequent images of the sequence where it appears. To this end, a processing scheme is presented which extends Bayesian networks of Gibbs-Markov random fields (GMRF) to segmentation of dynamic scenes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A joint visual-inertial image registration for mobile HDR imaging (2016)

Robust image alignment is a necessary and challenging step for numerous computational photography applications. In particular, large camera motion poses significant challenge to Mobile High Dynamic Range (HDR) Imaging due to hand-held capture of input images and limited computational resources. Aligning images only by detecting and matching image features is computationally expensive and can also be erratic. We present a robust multi-sensory method for aligning exposure bracketed images on mobile cameras. We use inertial sensor based camera pose estimate to pre-warp images and iteratively align them by minimizing alignment error. We also simultaneously estimate local motion masks which can be used to eliminate ghosting artifacts in the final HDR image. We collected HDR image dataset with diverse scenes along with inertial sensor data, which is a novel contribution and have evaluated our performance with existing mobile HDR image alignment techniques in literature.
Frequency of Interferon‐γ–Producing T Cells Specific for<i>Trypanosoma cruzi</i>Inversely Correlates with Disease Severity in Chronic Human Chagas Disease (2004)

This study sought to quantify CD8(+) T cell responses to Trypanosoma cruzi and to identify potential links between these responses and the severity of disease in humans. In the majority of patients with Chagas disease, staining with class I major histocompatibility complex tetramers and analysis of interferon (IFN)- gamma ELISPOT responses to a panel of known cytotoxic T lymphocyte target epitopes from T. cruzi failed to identify parasite-specific CD8(+) T cells. However, the frequency of individuals with positive ELISPOT responses was higher in areas of active transmission. Analysis of IFN- gamma ELISPOT responses to a parasite lysate revealed a very high frequency of responders among patients with mild clinical disease and a very low frequency of responders among those with the most severe form of the disease. These data suggest that the frequency of IFN- gamma -producing T cells in patients with chronic Chagas disease is associated with the history of recent exposure and with the clinical status of the patient.
Efficient calibration of binary-weighted networks using a mixed analogue-digital RAM (1991)

The architecture and design methodology are described for an area-efficient calibration network organized as a mixed analog-digital RAM (random-access memory) which can be easily controlled and which possesses a very compact layout. The density of the calibrating RAM, expressed in terms of the number of calibrating arrays and of calibrating elements in each array, depends not only on the resolution and element matching accuracy of the network to be calibrated, but also on the calibrating elements themselves. Such a calibration network can be used in any data conversion system based on networks of binary-weighted elements. A CMOS IC implementation is described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High‐Temperature Generalized Synthesis of Stable Ordered Mesoporous Silica‐Based Materials by Using Fluorocarbon–Hydrocarbon Surfactant Mixtures (2003)

Highly ordered mesoporous silica materials are hydrothermally synthesized at high temperature by using fluorocarbon–hydrocarbon surfactant mixtures as templates. Because of the high temperature of the synthesis, the obtained materials show complete silica condensation, which give rise to ultra-stabile structures. JLU-20 for example (see TEM image of calcined JLU-20) has a fully condensed mesopore wall with a very high Q4/Q3 ratio of 6.5.
Large magnetoresistance at room temperature in semiconducting polymer sandwich devices (2004)

We report on the discovery of a large, room temperature magnetoresistance (MR) effect in polyfluorene sandwich devices in weak magnetic fields. We characterize this effect and discuss its dependence on voltage, temperature, film thickness, electrode materials, and (unintentional) impurity concentration. We usually observed negative MR, but positive MR can also be achieved under high applied electric fields. The MR effect reaches up to 10% at fields of 10mT at room temperature. The effect shows only a weak temperature dependence and is independent of the sign and direction of the magnetic field. We find that the effect is related to the hole current in the devices.
Effectiveness and Safety of a Therapeutic Vaccine Against Angiotensin II Receptor Type 1 in Hypertensive Animals (2012)

Primary hypertension is a chronic disease with high morbidity, and the rate of controlled blood pressure is far from satisfactory, worldwide. Vaccination provides a promising approach for treatment of hypertension and improvement in compliance. Here, the ATRQβ-001 vaccine, a peptide (ATR-001) derived from human angiotensin II (Ang II) receptor type 1 conjugated with Qβ bacteriophage virus-like particles, was developed and evaluated in animal models of hypertension. The ATRQβ-001 vaccine significantly decreased the blood pressure of Ang II-induced hypertensive mice up to 35 mm Hg (143 ± 4 versus 178 ± 6 mm Hg; P=0.005) and that of spontaneously hypertensive rats up to 19 mm Hg (173 ± 2 versus 192 ± 3 mm Hg; P=0.003) and prevented remodeling of vulnerable hypertensive target organs. No obvious feedback activation of circulating or local renin-angiotensin system was observed. Additionally, no significant immune-mediated damage was detected in vaccinated hypertensive and nonhypertensive animals. The half-life of the anti-ATR-001 antibody was 14.4 days, surpassing that of existing chemical drugs. In vitro, the anti-ATR-001 antibody specifically bound to Ang II receptor type 1 and inhibited Ca(2+)-dependent signal transduction events, including protein kinase C-α translocation, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation (72% decrease; P=0.013), and elevation of intracellular Ca(2+) (68% decrease; P=0.017) induced by Ang II, but without inhibiting Ang II binding to the receptor. In conclusion, the ATRQβ-001 vaccine decreased the blood pressure of Ang II-induced hypertensive mice and spontaneously hypertensive rats effectively through diminishing the pressure response and inhibiting signal transduction initiated by Ang II. Thus, the ATRQβ-001 vaccine may provide a novel and promising method for the treatment of primary hypertension.
Introducing a digital library reading appliance into a reading group (1999)

How will we read digital library materials? This paper describes the reading practices of an on-going reading group, and how these practices changed when we introduced XLibris, a digital library reading appliance that uses a pen tablet computer to provide a paper-like interface. We interviewed group members about their reading practices, observed their meetings, and analyzed their annotations, both when they read a paper document and when they read using XLibris. We use these data to characterize their analytic reading, reference use, and annotation practices. We also describe the use of the Reader's Notebook, a list of clippings that XLibris computes from a reader's annotations. Implications for digital libraries stem from our findings on reading and mobility, the complexity of analytic reading, the social nature of reference following, and the unselfconscious nature of readers' annotations.
ME Design and Freeform Fabrication of Compliant Cellular Materials with Graded Stiffness (2006)

Typically, cellular materials are designed for structural applications to provide stiffness or absorb impact via permanent plastic deformation. Alternatively, it is possible to design compliant cellular materials that absorb energy via recoverable elastic deformation, allowing the material to spring back to its original configuration after the load is released. Potential applications include automotive panels or prosthetic applications that require repeated, low-speed impact absorption without permanent deformation. The key is to arrange solid base material in cellular topologies that permit high levels of elastic deformation. To prevent plastic deformation, the topologies are designed for contact between cell walls at predetermined load levels, resulting in customized, graded stiffness profiles. Design techniques are established for synthesizing cellular topologies with customized compliance for static or quasi-static applications. The design techniques account for cell wall contact, large scale deformations, and material nonlinearities. Resulting cellular material designs are fabricated with selective laser sintering, and their properties are experimentally evaluated.
Deep Reinforcement Learning based Recommendation with Explicit User-Item Interactions Modeling (2018)

Recommendation is crucial in both academia and industry, and various techniques are proposed such as content-based collaborative filtering, matrix factorization, logistic regression, factorization machines, neural networks and multi-armed bandits. However, most of the previous studies suffer from two limitations: (1) considering the recommendation as a static procedure and ignoring the dynamic interactive nature between users and the recommender systems, (2) focusing on the immediate feedback of recommended items and neglecting the long-term rewards. To address the two limitations, in this paper we propose a novel recommendation framework based on deep reinforcement learning, called DRR. The DRR framework treats recommendation as a sequential decision making procedure and adopts an "Actor-Critic" reinforcement learning scheme to model the interactions between the users and recommender systems, which can consider both the dynamic adaptation and long-term rewards. Furthermore, a state representation module is incorporated into DRR, which can explicitly capture the interactions between items and users. Three instantiation structures are developed. Extensive experiments on four real-world datasets are conducted under both the offline and online evaluation settings. The experimental results demonstrate the proposed DRR method indeed outperforms the state-of-the-art competitors.
Role of tyrosine M210 in the initial charge separation of reaction centers of Rhodobacter sphaeroides (1990)

Femtosecond spectroscopy was used in combination with site-directed mutagenesis to study the influence of tyrosine M210 (YM210) on the primary electron transfer in the reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides. The exchange of YM210 to phenylalanine caused the time constant of primary electron transfer to increase from 3.5 +/- 0.4 ps to 16 +/- 6 ps while the exchange to leucine increased the time constant even more to 22 +/- 8 ps. The results suggest that tyrosine M210 is important for the fast rate of the primary electron transfer.
Properties of a poly(<scp>L</scp>‐lactic acid)/poly(<scp>D</scp>‐lactic acid) stereocomplex and the stereocomplex crosslinked with triallyl isocyanurate by irradiation (2008)

Abstract A poly( L ‐lactic acid) (PLLA)/poly( D ‐lactic acid) (PDLA) stereocomplex was prepared from an equimolar mixture of commercial‐grade PLLA and PDLA by melt processing for the first time. Crosslinked samples were obtained by the radiation‐induced crosslinking of the poly(lactic acid) (PLA) stereocomplex mixed with triallyl isocyanurate (TAIC). The PLA stereocomplex and its crosslinked samples were characterized by their gel behavior, thermal and mechanical measurements, and enzymatic degradation. The crosslinking density of the crosslinked stereocomplex was described as the gel fraction, which increased with the TAIC content and radiation dose. The maximum crosslinking density was obtained in crosslinked samples of PLA/3% TAIC and PLA/5% TAIC irradiated at doses higher than 30 kGy. The stable crosslinking networks that formed in the irradiated PLA/TAIC substantially suppressed the segmental mobility for the crystallization of single crystals as well as stereocomplex crystals. The crosslinking network also significantly improved the mechanical properties and inhibited the enzymatic degradation of crosslinked PLA/3% TAIC. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Innovative Method of Gas Shale Well Intervention with Coiled Tubing/Jointed Tubing Hybrid String (2011)

Abstract As the industry strives to maximize production in US shale plays, the number of extended-reach horizontal wells being drilled continues to increase in efforts to optimize reservoir contact and increase fracture intensity. Because operators demand the same level of performance achieved on shallower wells while providing a cost-effective and safe solution, these wells present complex challenges for completion and intervention operations. Coiled tubing (CT) enables an efficient means to deploy tools and perform pumping operations, such as drilling out plugs, wellbore solids cleanout, and matrix or fracture stimulation in a continuous manner. In any well-intervention operation, the CT size is maximized to achieve the desired level of operational efficiency and effectiveness. To reach the target depth of these extended-reach wells, smaller CT must be used because reel capacity is limited. This not only limits the pump rate that can be achieved, but smaller CT is more susceptible to helical lockup and could require costly assistance to achieve depth. Also, many roadway authorities have established size and weight restrictions that can dictate the size of CT used. A new hybrid solution is now being used to combine the benefits of both CT and jointed tubing (JT) in a single work string. The solution presents many cost benefits while extending the depth of reach that can be accomplished to perform continuous-pumping operations using the optimum diameter tubing and pipe. The system incorporates unique well-control tools that enable seamless functioning of the string in a live well, thus providing considerable time and cost savings. This paper presents the benefits of the hybrid unit and discusses the enabling technology while providing an overview of field trials of multizone stimulation treatments in the Bakken and Marcellus reservoirs.
Genomic organization of the gene coding for human pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor and expression in human fetal membranes (2001)

Pre-B-cell colony enhancing factor (PBEF) was first isolated from an activated peripheral blood lymphocyte cDNA library and was found to be involved in the maturation of B-cell precursors. It was subsequently identified as one of the genes upregulated by distending the human fetal membranes in vitro. Here we report on the genomic organization of this gene, which is composed of 11 exons and 10 introns, spanning 34.7 kb of genomic DNA. Neither the gene nor the protein has any homology with other cytokines in any currently available database. The use of two promoters (proximal and distal) may result in differential, tissue specific expression of the PBEF transcripts. The 5'-flanking region lacks the classical sequence motif that would place it with the hematopoietic cytokines; however, it has several putative regulatory elements, suggesting that this gene may be chemically and mechanically responsive to inducers of transcription. The three PBEF mRNA transcripts were observed in both normal and infected human fetal membranes but were significantly upregulated (P<0.05) in severe infection. The PBEF protein was immunolocalized, in both normal and infected tissues, to both the normal fetal cells of the amnion and chorion and the maternal decidua of the membranes, and to the invading neutrophils. These stained strongly and were likely to contribute to the increased expression in infection. The amniotic epithelial cell line (WISH cells) has been used as a model to study PBEF gene modulation. Lipopolysaccharide, interleukin (IL)-1beta, tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha and IL-6 all significantly increased the expression of PBEF in 4 h of treatment. The addition of dexamethasone to IL-1beta and TNFalpha significantly reduced the response of PBEF to these cytokines. IL-8 treatment failed to alter PBEF gene expression. Thus PBEF is a cytokine expressed in the normal fetal membranes and upregulated when they are infected. It is likely to have a central role in the mechanism of infection-induced preterm birth.
Learning based access control in online social networks (2010)

Online social networking sites are experiencing tremendous user growth with hundreds of millions of active users. As a result, there is a tremendous amount of user profile data online, e.g., name, birthdate, etc. Protecting this data is a challenge. The task of access policy composition is a tedious and confusing effort for the average user having hundreds of friends. We propose an approach that assists users in composing and managing their access control policies. Our approach is based on a supervised learning mechanism that leverages user provided example policy settings as training sets to build classifiers that are the basis for auto-generated policies. Furthermore, we provide mechanisms to enable users to fuse policy decisions that are provided by their friends or others in the social network. These policies then regulate access to user profile objects. We implemented our approach and, through extensive experimentation, prove the accuracy of our proposed mechanisms.
Hybrid mass spectrometers for tandem mass spectrometry (2007)

Mass spectrometers that use different types of analyzers for the first and second stages of mass analysis in tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) experiments are often referred to as "hybrid" mass spectrometers. The general goal in the design of a hybrid instrument is to combine different performance characteristics offered by various types of analyzers into one mass spectrometer. These performance characteristics may include mass resolving power, the ion kinetic energy for collision-induced dissociation, and speed of analysis. This paper provides a review of the development of hybrid instruments over the last 30 years for analytical applications.
Viability of yeast cells in propagating ultrasonic waves (1999)

In some recent papers the upper limits for the acoustic pressure amplitudes, in standing wave fields, that exert no measurable influence on viability of various biological cells have been reported. However, the pressure amplitude in a standing wave is periodically varying in space in the direction of sound propagation and, because of radiation pressure, the cells are not homogeneously distributed within the sample volume, resulting in effects arising from the dynamic environments created. Thus standing waves are obviously not appropriate to study the direct influence of sound pressure amplitude on viability data. Therefore, both metabolic activity/viability of yeast cells and their ability to replicate as a function of acoustic frequency and sound pressure amplitude have been investigated in propagating waves. The observed effects are compared to those in crossed beam fields and in standing plane wave fields. The results allow a better forecast and interpretation of viability threshold data relevant in predicting the effects of acoustic parameters in standing wave fields. [Work supported in part by the European Commission, Contract No. ERBFMRXCT970156.]
Design considerations for holographic optical interconnects (1987)

The geometrical design characteristics of multiple-image holograms are evaluated. A figure of merit expressing these characteristics as a function of the hologram diameter and the distance between the hologram and the image plane is developed. This value is then used to compare two designs which are capable of forming several hundred interconnections. The results indicate that these connections can be formed between points on the substrate separated by 2-3 cm provided that the holograms are separated from the substrate plane by 0.5-1 cm. Each hologram design is experimentally demonstrated in bleached photographic emulsions.
Evaluation of spinal cord injury animal models (2014)

Because there is no curative treatment for spinal cord injury, establishing an ideal animal model is important to identify injury mechanisms and develop therapies for individuals suffering from spinal cord injuries. In this article, we systematically review and analyze various kinds of animal models of spinal cord injury and assess their advantages and disadvantages for further studies.
Simultaneous Stability of Image and Pose Error in Visual Servo Control (2008)

A novel visual servo controller is developed in this paper that simultaneously regulates both the camera pose and image errors. This Lyapunov-based controller stabilizes both the entire image and pose error simultaneously. Furthermore, the controller uses adaptive depth estimation to eliminate the need to measure depth or obtain knowledge of the scene.
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Immunoreactivity in the Alzheimer Disease Hippocampus: Association with Hirano Bodies, Neurofibrillary Tangles, and Senile Plaques (1999)

Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) is involved in the generation of nitric oxide, a molecule with multiple biological activities. Although iNOS expression may be part of antimicrobial armamentarium, inappropriate expression of iNOS can potentially lead to damage to the host. In this report, we determined the expression of iNOS by immunocytochemistry in the hippocampus of the Alzheimer brains (AD) as well as in young and old normal brains. The results showed localization of iNOS immunoreactivity to Hirano bodies of the AD hippocampus. In addition, small granular iNOS immunoreactive profiles were detected associated with senile plaques and extracellular neurofibrillary tangles. In the hippocampus of control brains, morphologically similar profiles were immunoreactive for iNOS, but in far fewer numbers than in AD hippocampus. The results suggest that iNOS is expressed in a subset of pyramidal neurons in the AD hippocampus, and that iNOS may be involved in the pathogenesis of neuronal degeneration in AD.
Characterization of the antigen (gp600) of Heymann nephritis. (1984)

The nephritogenic brush border glycoprotein antigen (gp600) of autoimmune membranous glomerulonephropathy (Heymann nephritis) isolated from crude proximal renal tubular membrane fraction (FX1A) by Lens culinaris lectin affinity chromatography was characterized. The molecular weight of the antigen determined by molecular exclusion chromatography was found to be 600,000. On sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis it resolved into five polypeptides which were in the molecular weight range of 70,000 to 330,000. All five polypeptide bands stained for carbohydrates and lipids with Schiff's reagent and Sudan black, respectively. Rabbits immunized with gp600 produced an antibody that specifically reacted with the brush border of proximal renal tubules of rat by indirect immunofluorescence and gave a single precipitin line in double diffusion in gel (Ouchterlony) against the antigen. The specificity of gp600 was proven by (a) the ability of gp600 to produce active Heymann nephritis, (b) the ability of anti-gp600 to produce passive Heymann nephritis, and (c) the ability of gp600 alone, out of other antigens in FX1A, to specifically react with the nephritogenic autoantibody. The latter was tested by an enzyme immunodiffusion technique described in this report.
Preparative Enantioselective Chromatography (2005)

Preparative enantioselective chromatography , Preparative enantioselective chromatography , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی