gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experienced Drug Users Assess the Relative Harms and Benefits of Drugs: A Web-Based Survey (2013)

A web-based survey was used to consult the opinions of experienced drug users on matters related to drug harms. We identified a rare sample of 93 drug users with personal experience with 11 different illicit drugs that are widely used in the UK. Asked to assess the relative harms of these drugs, they ranked alcohol and tobacco as the most harmful, and three "Class A" drugs (MDMA, LSD, and psilocybin) and one class B (cannabis) were ranked as the four least harmful drugs. When asked to assess the relative potential for benefit of the 11 drugs, MDMA, LSD, psilocybin, and cannabis were ranked in the top four; and when asked why these drugs are beneficial, rather than simply report hedonic properties, they referred to potential therapeutic applications (e.g., as tools to assist psychotherapy). These results provide a useful insight into the opinions of experienced drug users on a subject about which they have a rare and intimate knowledge.
Physical and electrical design features of the IBM Enterprise System/9000 circuit module (1992)

The requirements of the new TCM (thermal conduction module) for the IBM Enterprise System/9000™ (ES/9000™) module generated a significant number of challenges for the physical and electrical designer. For example, the need to support more circuits meant that more signal and power conductors had to be provided. In addition, the requirement for faster performance called for materials with lower dielectric constants and the use of on-module decoupling capacitors. This paper describes these changes, the design considerations that were applied to signal transmission, and the approaches that were used to contain delta-I and crosstalk noise in the module. Finally, the test measurements used to qualify the module are explained. The result is a TCM that more than doubles the circuit density of the TCM used for the IBM 3090™ machines, with substantially greater speed and reliability.
Stretched-pulse optical fiber communications (1997)

We compare numerically long-distance propagation of two types of nonlinear pulses: a stretched pulse in a fiber with alternating normal and anomalous dispersion and a soliton in a fiber with uniformly anomalous dispersion. Numerical evaluation of timing jitter and Q factor reveals that stretched pulses can be propagated over longer distances than solitons with the same (averaged) fiber dispersion in the presence of weak fixed-frequency filtering. We also examine pulse-to-pulse interactions between stretched pulses and the influence of fluctuations of the fiber dispersion.
DGA-Based Botnet Detection Using DNS Traffic. (2013)

In recent years, an increasing number of botnets use Domain Generation Algorithms (DGAs) to bypass botnet detection systems. DGAs, also referred as “domain fluxing”, has been used since 2004 for botnet controllers, and now become an emerging trend for malware. It can dynamically and frequently generate a large number of random domain names which are used to prevent security systems from detecting and blocking. In this paper, we present a new technique to detect DGAs using DNS NXDomain traffic. Our insight is that every domain name in the domain group generated by one botnet using DGAs is often used for a short period of time, and has similar live time and query style. We look for this pattern in DNS NXDomain traffic to filter out algorithmically generated domains that DGA-based botnets generate. We implemented our protosystem and carry outexperiment at a pilot RDNS of an Internet operator. The results show that our method is of good effectiveness on detecting algorithmically generated domains used by botnet.
Influence of spatial configuration of carcinoma cell populations on the expression of a tumor-associated glycoprotein. (1985)

Monoclonal antibody B72.3 was generated using a membrane-enriched fraction of cells from a mammary carcinoma metastasis and has been shown previously to have a high degree of selective reactivity for human breast and colon carcinoma versus normal adult tissues. The reactive antigen has been shown to be a high-molecular-weight glycoprotein complex of approximately 220,000 to 400,000 and is termed tumor-associated glycoprotein 72 (TAG-72). We report here a dichotomy in the expression of TAG-72 in carcinoma biopsy material versus carcinoma cell lines. While 44% (25 of 56) of human breast carcinoma and 80% (16 of 20) of colon carcinoma biopsies express TAG-72 as assayed by radioimmunoassay or immunohistochemistry, only one of 25 breast cancer cell lines [MCF-7 (one variant)] and one of 18 colon cancer cell lines (LS-174T) express this antigen. Furthermore, TAG-72 expression in these two cell lines was shown to be a property of a low percentage of cells within each culture. Attempts to enhance TAG-72 expression in LS-174T cells by propagation on extracellular matrix proteins, such as collagen, laminin, and fibronectin, or in serum-containing or serum-free, hormone-supplemented medium proved unsuccessful. A pronounced increase in TAG-72 expression was observed, however, when the LS-174T cells were grown under culture conditions which promote three-dimensional growth. LS-174T cells grown in spheroid or suspension cultures demonstrated a 2- to 7-fold increase in TAG-72 antigen expression, while those grown on agar plugs demonstrated a 10-fold increase. When the LS-174T cell line was injected into athymic mice to generate tumors, the level of TAG-72 antigen increased over 100-fold, to levels comparable to those seen in the metastatic tumor masses from patients. Thus, spatial configuration of carcinoma cell populations is shown to influence the expression of a tumor-associated antigen and the subsequent surface binding of monoclonal antibody B72.3. The implications of these findings in the potential utility of monoclonal antibodies for the in vivo detection and destruction of carcinoma masses are discussed.
Urea optical parametric oscillator (1984)

The operation of the first optical parametric oscillator using a urea crystal is reported. Tunable radiation in both the visible and IR was obtained with conversion efficiencies as high as 20%.
High speed optically sectioned fluorescence lifetime imaging permits study of live cell signaling events (2007)

We present a time domain optically sectioned fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM) microscope developed for high-speed live cell imaging. This single photon excited system combines wide field parallel pixel detection with confocal sectioning utilizing spinning Nipkow disc microscopy. It can acquire fluorescence lifetime images of live cells at up to 10 frames per second (fps), permitting high-speed FLIM of cell dynamics and protein interactions with potential for high throughput cell imaging and screening applications. We demonstrate the application of this FLIM microscope to real-time monitoring of changes in lipid order in cell membranes following cholesterol depletion using cyclodextrin and to the activation of the small GTP-ase Ras in live cells using FRET.
Cooperative Acoustic Navigation Scheme for Heterogenous Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (2009)

A new cooperative acoustic navigation concept based on intelligent sonobuoy with DGPS, that fits into coordinated control of hetergenous vehicles was proposed in this paper, which gives a great advantage to coordinate a team of heterogenous vehicles with provided position estimates in centi-metric accuracy. It is believed that the navigation method proposed may represent a significant alternative to the ones based on traditional navigation methods (such as LBL, SBL, USBL and INS/GPS, etc.), and the novel acoustic navigation method is especially suitable for the field of coordinated control of heterogenous vehicles including ASV and AUVs due to its characteristics of upwards acoustic flow of data. Future work is to develop a robust acoustic navigation system that can perform reliably and also include a version of the system in the presence of multi-path effects, acoustic outliers and of course include in-water validation of the system.
INFLUENCE OF NUCLEOTIDES FLANKING THE GGAA CORE SEQUENCE ON ETS1 AND ETS2 DNA-BINDING ACTIVITY AND THE MECHANISM OF ETS1 AUTOREGULATION (1992)

The Ets family of genes encode nuclear proteins that activate transcription by binding to a specific purine-rich (GGAA) ets binding sequence (EBS) present in promoters/enhancers of various genes. We have previously shown that over-expression of ets1 via transfection of ets1 expression vectors into NIH3T3 cells induced the expression of the endogenous Ets1 gene. Here we report that the autoregulation occurs as a result of the ets1 protein binding to the EBS-core located in its own promoter. In the present study, we have also identified Ets binding sites in the IL-4, G-CSF (granulocyte colony stimulating factor), and the 2'5' OAS (oligoadenylate synthetase) promoters by binding with Ets1 and Ets2 proteins using electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Interestingly, we have found that the EBS containing T nucleotides on either side of the GGAA core sequence, does not bind Ets1 or Ets2 proteins. Our findings demonstrate that the sequences surrounding the purine core - GGAA- have a profound influence on the binding of Ets proteins.
Micromagnetics of closed-edge laminations (1990)

Previous work has shown that lamination of the film core in a recording head eliminates noisy closure domains but introduces potentially noisy curling-edge walls. As a possible means of avoiding the edge walls, attention is given to minimization of the energy of an infinite strip composed of two laminations connected along their edges. Under the conditions that the spacer thickness is >or approximately=0.2*(magnetic-sublayer thickness) and that the energy is less than that of the closure-domain state, it is predicted that: fully stray-field-free flux closure with now walls occurs if the sum of anisotropy and exchange-stiffness energies within magnetic connections is negative; if this energy sum is positive, then part of the flux leaks through the spacer, forming edge walls whose angle is <90 degrees (polarization switching of these walls contributes to hysteresis); and if two would-be edge walls are so thick as to impinge on each other, then the actual ground state is one of saturation along the hard axis. An advantage of closed edges is the need for thicker and therefore fewer sublayers; a disadvantage of thicker sublayers is greater eddy currents.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CHANGES IN THE PROPERTIES OF A FIJIAN OXISOL OVER 25 YEARS OF SUGARCANE CULTIVATION (2005)

SUGARCANE production plateaued in Fiji at about 4 million tonnes during the latter part of the 1980s but, in more recent years, the total production has decreased to about 3.2 million tonnes, even though high yielding cultivars continue to be released for commercial cultivation. This study was initiated to study the changes in the properties of an Oxisol over 25 years of sugarcane cultivation to ascertain whether the decline is due to degradation of biophysical and chemical properties, which may be one of the major reasons for cane production stagnation. The study period lasted from 1978 (when the soil was first cleared for agriculture from secondary forest) to 2003. Topsoil (0-30 cmn) properties including pH, organic carbon (OC), cation exchange capacity (CEC), water retention, bulk density, phosphate retention and exchangeable bases were monitored approximately annually from 1978-1983, and then occasionally thereafter. The observed changes could generally be related to a change in organic matter (decrease) and associated ion exchange properties, together with increased bulk density of soils. The major changes occursed in the &st three years after clearing, but some changes continued for many years. Subsoil samples were taken fiotn two depths (3040 and 70-80 cm) at less frequent intervals, The sa~nples from 30-40 cm depth showed an increase in organic carbon after cane cultivation, probably due to mixing of topsoil and subsoil during land preparation, organic matter movement during cropping, and from decaying roots of sugarcane. There was no significant effect on organic carboil levels at 70-80 cm depth. Overall, these changes indicate that careful management of topsoils is essential .for maintaining soil fertility and hence productivity for sugarcane production on these highly weathered soils.
Immunoprophylaxie des infections respiratoires (2004)

Anti-infective antibody-based immunotherapy has gained renewed interest since the crisis of antibiotic resistance and because there is no therapy against various viral infections. The immunoprophylaxis of respiratory infections aims to utilize the ability of local antibodies to neutralize inhaled micro-organisms and their cytopathic products. Immunoglobulins for intravenous use (i.v.i.g.) have a wide spectrum of specificities. Hyperimmune i.v.i.g. containing high titers of specific antibodies have demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials, notably against the respiratory syncytial virus. Monoclonal antibodies have the advantage to be homogenous and specific for one selected epitope and several studies have demonstrated their efficacy to neutralize several infectious agents. Moreover, antibodies can be administered topically and are effective at lower doses than those needed for systemic administration. The mechanism of action could be the agglutination of bacteria or viruses at the epithelial surfaces of the respiratory tract inhibiting the early steps of the infectious process. Thanks to new technologies of humanized monoclonal antibodies, immunotherapy offers real promising perspectives for prophylactic and therapeutic therapies against a variety of current or emerging infectious diseases.
Opportunistic mobility with multipath TCP (2011)

Host mobility has traditionally been solved at the network layer, but even though Mobile IP has been standardised for 15 years, it hasn’t been supported by operators. IP’s double role as a location identifier and communication endpoint identifier brings a number of functional and performance problems. We argue that the best place to handle mobility is at the transport layer. While this is not a new argument, we believe that the emerging standard of Multipath TCP (MPTCP) can be used to solve many issues related to mobility. MPTCP naturally implements make-before-break, can be incrementally deployed, is backwards compatible with standard TCP, and could even ease incremental adoption of IPv6. Using simulations and indoor experiments with WiFi and 3G, we show that MPTCP gives better throughput, achieves smoother handoffs, and can be tuned to lower energy consumption. 1.
Alternating Ring-Opening Metathesis Copolymerization of Amino Acid Derived Norbornene Monomers Carrying Nonprotected Carboxy and Amino Groups Based on Acid−Base Interaction (2009)

Amino acid derived norbornene monomers having carboxy (1) and amino groups (2) were synthesized and subjected to ring-opening metathesis copolymerization with various feed ratios using the Grubbs second generation ruthenium catalyst. The M(n)'s of the copolymers ranged from 5300 to 9400 (M(w)/M(n) = 1.40-1.69). The monomer conversion and M(n) of the copolymer were maximized when the monomer feed ratio was 1:1. The monomer unit ratios in the copolymers were almost 1:1 at 10% conversion, irrespective of the feed ratios. The monomer reactivity ratios r(1) and r(2) were estimated to be 0.08 and 0.02, which confirmed that alternating copolymerization occurred. It is considered that alternating copolymerization is brought about by the acid-base interaction between the monomers and/or between the propagating polymer end and the incoming monomer.
Reductive Cleavage of Dioxolones by the Grignard Reagent (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReductive Cleavage of Dioxolones by the Grignard ReagentReynold C. Fuson and A. I. RachlinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1942, 64, 7, 1567–1571Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01259a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01259a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views216Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
鍮꾨쭔???숇컲???먭꼍??Group 援ъ떖???좉꼍????ъ쟻 ?섏슜湲곗뿉 誘몄튂???곹뼢 (2012)

Both obesity and menopause cause the dysfunction of autonomic nervous system. Recent human studies have reported that exercise pressor reflex (EPR)-mediated increases in blood pressure are exaggerated in obese or postmenopausal women. Whether these findings can be extended to both obese and postmenopausal women remains unclear. Mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac output (CO), and total vascular conductances (TVC) were measured in normal premenopausal women (NPW; n = 11; 36 짹 2 yr), normal postmenopausal women (NPOW; n = 14; 57 짹 1 yr), and overweight postmenopausal women (OPOW; n = 14; 56 짹 1 yr) at baseline, and during static handgrip at 50% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) followed by a period of postexercise muscular ischemia (PEMI) to isolate the metabolic component of the EPR. Changes in MAP from baseline were augmented in OPOW subjects during both 50% MVC handgrip (P < 0.05), and these group differences were maintained during PEI (P < 0.05). There were no differences in heart rate (HR), stroke volume (SV), and CO during hand grip exercise and PEMI among groups. Even though there was no group difference in TVC during exercise and PEMI, the TVC tended to be abolished in OPOW group. In summary, compared with NPW subjects, OPOW group exhibit exaggerated pressor responses to handgrip exercise that are maintained during PEMI, indicating that activation of the metabolic component of the EPR is augmented in OPOW group. The exaggerated pressor response mediated by the muscle metaboreflex activation in OPOW group mainly occurs via preperial vasoconstriction with little change in CO.
Proportional positive airway pressure: a new concept to treat obstructive sleep apnoea (2001)

Proportional positive airway pressure (PPAP) was designed to optimize airway pressure for the therapy of obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA). In a randomized crossover prospective study, the clinical feasibility of PPAP and its immediate effects on the breathing disorder and sleep in comparison with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) was evaluated. Twelve patients requiring CPAP therapy underwent CPAP and PPAP titration in a random order. Obstructive and mixed respiratory events could be completely abolished with both forms of treatment. This efficacy could be achieved at a significantly lower mean mask pressure during PPAP titration (8.45+/-2.42 cmH2O) compared to CPAP (9.96+/-2.7 cmH2O) (p=0.002). The mean minimal arterial oxygen saturation (Sa,O2) (82.8+/-6.5%) on the diagnostic night increased significantly (p<0.001) to an average Sa,O2 of 93.35+/-1.71% and 93.19+/-2.9% during CPAP and PPAP titration. Total sleep time, slow wave sleep and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep increased significantly by the same amount during both CPAP and PPAP titration (p<0.001), while sleep stage nonrapid eye movement (NREM) 1 and 2 decreased. Six patients preferred the PPAP titration night, four patients did not have a preference, and two patients preferred CPAP. The present data show that proportional positive airway pressure is as effective as continuous positive airway pressure in eliminating obstructive events and has the same immediate effect on sleep. The lower average mask pressure during proportional positive airway pressure implies potential advantages compared to continuous positive airway pressure. Proportional positive airway pressure presents a new effective therapeutic approach to obstructive sleep apnoea.
Polylactic Acid Polymers from Com. Applications in the Textiles Industry (2000)

Tables 10 and 11 summarize the key takeaways. Looking at the world of “Technical Textiles” (Table 12) it is clear that this unique spectrum of properties will allow PLA polymers to participate in a wider range of markets. In particular, in this segment, the unique combination of outstanding resistance to sunlight, resiliency, and elastic recovery offers potential for use in tents, patio umbrellas, and awnings. In addition, automotive applications requiring high moisture wicking and UV stability, such as seating will benefit from these materials. The high loft and resiliency offers promise in sleeping bags and other applications requiring good insulation properties. A brief glimpse of a new polymer platform has been provided. These materials provide a rare example of a competitive polymer whose primary building block comes from a natural renewable carbohydrate source. One billion pounds of PLA is equivalent to 0.5% of the annual US corn crop. Only 75% of the available acreage is presently used and corn is the cheapest source of dextrose; therefore, monomer supply is more than adequate to meet the foreseeable future. The minimal impact on corn utilization and existing uses leads to no negative impact for either society, or disposal. In addition, because potentially any carbohydrate feedstock can be used, this technology offers the future potential to use other natural feedstocks, such as wheat, sugar beets, rice and ultimately biomass. The unique properties of these polymers have attracted considerable attention across the spectrum of plastics' applications. In particular, polylactic acid polymers show significant promise to the textiles and non-wovens industry.
Examination of the Mode of Action of Ribavirin against Tobacco Mosaic Virus (1984)

Ribavirin inhibited a specific step of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) replication. Time-courses of sensitivity of TMV multiplication in asynchronous and synchronous infections demonstrated that ribavirin inhibited an early function that occurs prior to the period of viral RNA and protein synthesis. In the synchronous infection, ribavirin inhibited the synthesis of both single-stranded genomic RNA and double-stranded replicative form RNA when treatment began during the first 4 h, but there was no inhibition when treatment began at 12 h or later, even though most RNA synthesis occurred after 12 h. Viral protein synthesis also was inhibited when treatment began during the first 4 h and not when treatment began later. Unlike the mechanisms proposed against animal viruses, ribavirin appears to inhibit TMV replication by preventing an early function that is necessary to initiate viral RNA synthesis.