gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Image Super-Resolution based NCSs Model with Packet Loss (2019)

Abstract There are many ways to super-resolution reconstruction of a single image. This method require the association between low-resolution images and high-resolution images, and has achieved good results in different applications. This article also pursues the correlation between low-resolution images and high-resolution images, but we combine images with linear networks to explore the possibilities of combining the two domains. In order to achieve the purpose of restoring image details, we used a method of combining image and network, different from the traditional single-picture super-resolution, we using network delay and packet loss compensation, fully retain the data packets before and after, and find the internal similarity from low-resolution images. Experiments show that inputting images into a network system is affected by system packet loss and has a large impact. It also shows that it is feasible and effective to combine images with network packet loss in the networked control systems model, and specific image effects will be shown in the paper. Our algorithm has achieve a certain expected effect, by superimposing the image super-resolution reconstruction is more extensive, and it is also convenient for future research based on image super-resolution.
Sorafenib relieves cell‐intrinsic and cell‐extrinsic inhibitions of effector T cells in tumor microenvironment to augment antitumor immunity (2013)

Sorafenib, a multitargeted antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is the standard of care for patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Cumulating evidence suggests that sorafenib differentially affects immune cells; however, whether this immunomodulatory effect has any impact on antitumor immune responses is unknown. Using an orthotopic mouse model of HCC and tumor-free mice, we investigated the effects of sorafenib on antitumor immunity and characterized the underlying mechanisms. Sorafenib treatment inhibited tumor growth and augmented antitumor immune responses in mice bearing established orthotopic HCC. The tumor-specific effector T cell functions were upregulated, while the proportion of PD-1-expressing CD8(+) T cells and regulatory T cells (Tregs) was reduced in tumor microenvironment of sorafenib-treated mice. Mechanistically, the sorafenib-mediated effects on Tregs could be independent of its direct tumor-suppressing activities. Sorafenib treatment reduced Treg numbers by inhibiting their proliferation and inducing apoptosis. Moreover, sorafenib inhibited the function of Tregs, characterized by diminished expression of Treg-associated molecules important for their function and by their impaired suppressive capacity. These data reveal that sorafenib treatment enhanced functions of tumor-specific effector T cells as well as relieved PD-1-mediated intrinsic and Treg-mediated non-cell-autonomous inhibitions in tumor microenvironment leading to effective antitumor immune responses. In addition to the well-known tumor-inhibiting activity of sorafenib, its enhancement of antitumor immunity may also contribute to the clinical efficacy. Our findings uncover a previously unrecognized mechanism of action of sorafenib and indicate that sorafenib represents a potential targeted agent suitable to be combined with immunotherapeutic approaches to treat cancer patients.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 22/2015 (2015)

Back Cover: A first example of precision polyolefin nanoalloy polypropylene (PP)/poly(ϵ-caprolactone) (PCL) is presented, where PCL is grafted onto intermediate carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and homogeneously dispersed in the PP matrix, with its domain size solely governed by its molecular weight. Further details can be found in the article by Y. Liu, N. Wang, and J.-Y. Dong* on page 1971.
Identification of two distinct regions within the adenovirus minimal origin of replication that are required for adenovirus type 4 DNA replication in vitro (1991)

The adenovirus type 4 origins of replication are located at each end of the linear, protein-linked viral DNA molecule and consist of the terminal 18 bp of the viral genome. The sequence of the first 8 bp of the viral genome varies among different adenovirus serotypes, but the sequence from bp 9 to 18 is conserved in all human serotypes, suggesting that it may be of critical importance to origin function. Using an in vitro system in which purified fractions or crude extracts of adenovirus type 4-infected HeLa cells can support initiation and elongation on linearized plasmid templates containing cloned origin sequences, we examined the effect of single base changes in positions 9 to 18 of the adenovirus origin on DNA replication in vitro. Changes in positions 12 to 16 have little effect, whereas alterations at positions 9, 10, 11, 17, and 18 all reduce the efficiency of initiation of DNA replication by between 50 and 90%. Our results show that the region from bp 9 to 18 contains two sets of bases essential for DNA replication which are separated by 5 bp in which single base changes can be accommodated. The likely role of the region from bp 9 to 18 as containing the recognition sequence for a DNA-protein interaction essential for viral DNA replication is discussed.
Hardness of Bulk Single-Crystal Gallium Nitride at High Temperatures (2000)

The hardness of single-crystal gallium nitride at elevated temperatures is measured and compared with that of other semiconductors. A Vickers indentation method was used to determine the hardness under an applied load of 0.5 N in the temperature range 20–1200°C. The average hardness was measured as 10.8 GPa at room temperature, which is comparable to that of Si. At elevated temperatures, GaN shows higher hardness than Si and GaAs. A high mechanical stability for GaN is deduced.
Phosphorylation of OPTN by TBK1 enhances its binding to Ub chains and promotes selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria (2016)

Selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria requires autophagy receptors optineurin (OPTN), NDP52 (CALCOCO2), TAX1BP1, and p62 (SQSTM1) linking ubiquitinated cargo to autophagic membranes. By using quantitative proteomics, we show that Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) phosphorylates all four receptors on several autophagy-relevant sites, including the ubiquitin- and LC3-binding domains of OPTN and p62/SQSTM1 as well as the SKICH domains of NDP52 and TAX1BP1. Constitutive interaction of TBK1 with OPTN and the ability of OPTN to bind to ubiquitin chains are essential for TBK1 recruitment and kinase activation on mitochondria. TBK1 in turn phosphorylates OPTN's UBAN domain at S473, thereby expanding the binding capacity of OPTN to diverse Ub chains. In combination with phosphorylation of S177 and S513, this posttranslational modification promotes recruitment and retention of OPTN/TBK1 on ubiquitinated, damaged mitochondria. Moreover, phosphorylation of OPTN on S473 enables binding to pS65 Ub chains and is also implicated in PINK1-driven and Parkin-independent mitophagy. Thus, TBK1-mediated phosphorylation of autophagy receptors creates a signal amplification loop operating in selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria.
Nordic Statistical Yearbook 2014 (2014)

Nordic co-operation is one of the world's most extensive forms of regional collaboration, involving Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, Sweden and the Faroe Islands, Greenland and land.
Stochastic Gradient Descent on Highly-Parallel Architectures (2018)

There is an increased interest in building data analytics frameworks with advanced algebraic capabilities both in industry and academia. Many of these frameworks, e.g., TensorFlow and BIDMach, implement their compute-intensive primitives in two flavors---as multi-thread routines for multi-core CPUs and as highly-parallel kernels executed on GPU. Stochastic gradient descent (SGD) is the most popular optimization method for model training implemented extensively on modern data analytics platforms. While the data-intensive properties of SGD are well-known, there is an intense debate on which of the many SGD variants is better in practice. In this paper, we perform a comprehensive study of parallel SGD for training generalized linear models. We consider the impact of three factors -- computing architecture (multi-core CPU or GPU), synchronous or asynchronous model updates, and data sparsity -- on three measures---hardware efficiency, statistical efficiency, and time to convergence. In the process, we design an optimized asynchronous SGD algorithm for GPU that leverages warp shuffling and cache coalescing for data and model access. We draw several interesting findings from our extensive experiments with logistic regression (LR) and support vector machines (SVM) on five real datasets. For synchronous SGD, GPU always outperforms parallel CPU---they both outperform a sequential CPU solution by more than 400X. For asynchronous SGD, parallel CPU is the safest choice while GPU with data replication is better in certain situations. The choice between synchronous GPU and asynchronous CPU depends on the task and the characteristics of the data. As a reference, our best implementation outperforms TensorFlow and BIDMach consistently. We hope that our insights provide a useful guide for applying parallel SGD to generalized linear models.
Coexistence of Alternative Lengthening of Telomeres and Telomerase in hTERT-Transfected GM847 Cells (2001)

It has been shown previously that some immortalized human cells maintain their telomeres in the absence of significant levels of telomerase activity by a mechanism referred to as alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT). Cells utilizing ALT have telomeres of very heterogeneous length, ranging from very short to very long. Here we report the effect of telomerase expression in the ALT cell line GM847. Expression of exogenous hTERT in GM847 (GM847/hTERT) cells resulted in lengthening of the shortest telomeres; this is the first evidence that expression of hTERT in ALT cells can induce telomerase that is active at the telomere. However, rapid fluctuation in telomere length still occurred in the GM847/hTERT cells after more than 100 population doublings. Very long telomeres and ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia (PML) bodies continued to be generated, indicating that telomerase activity induced by exogenous hTERT did not abolish the ALT mechanism. In contrast, when the GM847 cell line was fused with two different telomerase-positive tumor cell lines, the ALT phenotype was repressed in each case. These hybrid cells were telomerase positive, and the telomeres decreased in length, very rapidly at first and then at the rate seen in telomerase-negative normal cells. Additionally, ALT-associated PML bodies disappeared. After the telomeres had shortened sufficiently, they were maintained at a stable length by telomerase. Together these data indicate that the telomerase-positive cells contain a factor that represses the ALT mechanism but that this factor is unlikely to be telomerase. Further, the transfection data indicate that ALT and telomerase can coexist in the same cells.
Independent and Combined Effects of Amino Acids and Glucose after Resistance Exercise (2003)

These findings indicate that the combined effect on net muscle protein synthesis of carbohydrate and amino acids given together after resistance exercise is roughly equivalent to the sum of the independent effects of either given alone. The individual effects of carbohydrate and amino acids are likely dependent on the amount of each that is ingested. Further, prior intake of amino acids and carbohydrate does not diminish the metabolic response to a second comparable dose ingested 1h later.
New Algebraic Constructions of Rotated&lt;tex&gt;$ mmb Z^n$&lt;/tex&gt;-Lattice Constellations for the Rayleigh Fading Channel (2004)

In this correspondence, we present various families of full diversity rotated Z/sup n/-lattice constellations based on algebraic number theory constructions. We are able to give closed-form expressions of their minimum product distance using the corresponding algebraic properties.
Radial-Flow Reactor Packed with a Catalytic Cloth:  Nitrate Reduction in Hydrogen-Saturated Water (2005)

A novel flow reactor packed with a fibrous catalytic cloth is proposed to carry out a gas−liquid reaction. Radial flow and separation of the transport of the gaseous reactant and the reaction are the main features of the new design. An activated carbon cloth supported 2 wt % Pd−0.6 wt % Cu bimetallic catalyst installed in the reactor was applied for the water-phase nitrate hydrogenation, showing selectivity up to 84% toward nitrogen at a nitrate conversion of up to 93%. The reactor performance has been evaluated using the diagnostic criteria associated with varying the hydrogen pressure, liquid flow rate, and catalyst loading in the reactor; it was described by a simplistic model, assuming one-dimensional, plug-flow, and steady-state operation. The significance of mass-transfer effects on the reactor performance has been analyzed. The results obtained indicate that the reactor investigated has a high potential for further development and scale-up.
Review of Noninvasive Methods for Skin Blood Flow Imaging in Microcirculation (2002)

Information about skin blood flow in the microcirculation is of great relevance to the diagnosis and investigation of a range of disease processes. Visualizing the skin blood flow by noninvasive approaches has greatly interested physiologists and clinicians for many years in the context of the health of the skin. In this paper, the present state of noninvasive skin blood imaging is described in the methods of laser speckle imaging, optical coherent tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography, confocal microscopy, ultrasound imaging, and orthogonal polarization spectral imaging. The latest progress in this area is also reviewed.
Studies of the Spermicidal Activity of Chelating Agents (1955)

In studies covering 4-hr periods at room temperature of the effect of O· ImM cheJating agents on the motility of ram, bull, rabbit, and human spermatozoa, the following significant effects were seen:
Investigation of Effective Anesthesia Induction Doses Using a Wide Range of Infusion Rates with Undiluted and Diluted Propofol (2000)

Induction dose and time are dependent on infusion rate in a complex manner, and residual dose circulation was a factor in overdose and hemodynamic depression. Hypotension during induction was attenuated by diluted propofol.
Quantitative Immunocytochemistry by Digital Image Analysis: Application to Toxicologic Pathology (1987)

Recent advances in immunocytochemical techniques allow the localization of specific antigens in tissue sections. The work reported here attempts to evaluate the application of antibody-labeled, disease-related protein, followed by microscopy and computerized image analysis. Using an experimental anti-tumor, polyclonal antibody (anti-oncomodulin) as a model, various tissues were prepared for light microscope immunocytochemistry. Sections were incubated with primary antibody, then biotinylated secondary antibody. This was followed by incubation with avidin-biotin-peroxidase (ABC method). Marker was visualized by the presence of precipitated diaminobenzidine. Samples were evaluated using a Zeiss/Kontron IBAS I & II semi-automatic digital image analysis system. Statistical analyses were performed on output data. Results demonstrated the localization and determined optical density of immunolabel. Statistical comparisons showed significant differences between control and experimental sections. The practical application of these combined techniques provides the toxicologic pathologist with a powerful tool for accurate and objective determination of the location and relative amount of selected proteins in normal and abnormal tissues.
Reduction of Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis by Serum Amyloid P (2007)

Fibrotic diseases such as scleroderma, severe chronic asthma, pulmonary fibrosis, and cardiac fibrosis kill tens of thousands of people each year in the U.S. alone. Growing evidence suggests that in fibrotic lesions, a subset of blood monocytes enters the tissue and differentiates into fibroblast-like cells called fibrocytes, causing tissue dysfunction. We previously found that a plasma protein called serum amyloid P (SAP) inhibits fibrocyte differentiation in vitro. Bleomycin treatment is a standard model for pulmonary fibrosis, and causes an increase in collagen, fibrocytes, and leukocytes in the lungs, and a decrease in peripheral blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation. We find that injections of rat SAP in rats reduce all of the above bleomycin-induced changes, suggesting that the SAP injections reduced the bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. We repeated these studies in mice, and find that injections of murine SAP decrease bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. To confirm the efficacy of SAP treatment, we used a delayed treatment protocol using SAP from day 7 to 13 only, and then measured fibrosis at day 21. Delayed SAP injections also reduce the bleomycin-induced decrease in peripheral blood hemoglobin oxygen saturation, and an increase in lung collagen, leukocyte infiltration, and fibrosis. Our data suggest the possibility that SAP may be useful as a therapy for pulmonary fibrosis in humans.
The <i>met</i> Proto-Oncogene Receptor and Lumen Formation (1992)

The met proto-oncogene product (Met) and its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF), have been implicated in cell mitogenic response, cell motility, and the promotion of the ordered spatial arrangement of tissue. By means of confocal laser-scanning microscopy, it was shown that Met is expressed in cells bordering lumen-like structures that resemble ducts in the human mammary cell line T47D. In human breast tissue biopsies, Met staining was intense in normal cells bordering mammary ducts but was reduced in adjacent tumor tissue. Met staining in lumen-forming organs colocalizes with staining of antibody to phosphotyrosine, which suggests that the Met receptor and its substrates may be activated in lumen structures or ducts. HGF/SF treatment of human epithelial carcinoma cell lines resulted in the formation of lumen-like structures in vitro. Reduced expression of Met could be related to the extent of tumor cell differentiation.
Swing Modulo Scheduling for GCC (2004)

Software pipelining is a technique that improves the scheduling of instructions in loops by overlapping instructions from different iterations. Modulo scheduling is an approach for constructing software pipelines that focuses on minimizing the cycle count of the loops and thereby optimize performance. In this paper we describe our implementation of Swing Modulo Scheduling in GCC, which is a Modulo Scheduling technique that also focuses on reducing register pressure. Several key issues are discussed, including the use and adaptation of GCC’s machine-model infrastructure for scheduling (DFA) and data-dependence graph construction. We also present directions for future enhancements.
Addition reactions of aminium radicals: oxidative and non-oxidative photoaddition of nitrosoamines to non-conjugated polyenes (1982)

The oxidative photoaddition of N-nitrosodimethylamine to various olefins gives products similar to those obtained from N-nitrodimethylamine despite certain dis-similarity in the mechanisms. The oxidative photoaddition to trans,trans,trans-cyclododeca-1,5,9-triene in the presence of an excess of N-nitrosodimethylamine apparently gave good yields of the expected amino-nitrates. These were reduced by lithium aluminium hydride to afford predominantly the open-chain α,ω-substituted amino-alcohol. The non-oxidative photoaddition of N-nitrosodimethylamine to hepta-1,6-diene gave small amounts of cyclized pentane derivatives whereas similar addition of bulkier N-nitrosopiperidine gave higher yields of the cyclized products. While photoadditions of N-nitrosodimethylamine to trans,trans,trans-cyclododeca-1,5,9-triene failed to give a cyclization product, similar photoadditions to cis,trans-cyclodeca-1,5-diene gave a pair of epimeric alcohols derived from a stereospecifically cyclized perhydroazulenoid skeleton under oxidative conditions, and the corresponding oximes under non-oxidative conditions. The structures of these azulenoid compounds have been elucidated and the remarkable stereospecificity of addition–cyclization process is discussed.
PET/MR Imaging: Technical Aspects and Potential Clinical Applications (2013)

http://radiology.rsna.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10.1148/radiol.13121038/-/DC1.
Lumbar spine visualisation based on kinematic analysis from videofluoroscopic imaging (2002)

Low back pain is a significant problem and its cost is enormous to society. However, diagnosis of the underlying causes remains problematic despite extensive study. Reasons for this arise from the deep-rooted situation of the spine and also from its structural complexity. Clinicians have to mentally convert 2-D image information into a 3-D form to gain a better understanding of structural integrity. Therefore, visualisation and animation may be helpful for understanding, diagnosis and for guiding therapy. Some low back pain originates from mechanical disorders, and study of the spine kinematics may provide an insight into the source of the problem. Digital videofluoroscopy was used in this study to provide 2-D image sequences of the spine in motion, but the images often suffer due to noise, exacerbated by the very low radiation dosage. Thus determining vertebrae position within the image sequence presents a considerable challenge. This paper describes a combination of spine kinematic measurements with a solid model of the human lumbar spine for visualisation of spine motion. Since determination of the spine kinematics provides the foundation and vertebral extraction is at the core, this is discussed in detail. Edge detection is a key feature of segmentation and it is shown that phase congruency performs better than most established methods with the rather low-grade image sequences from fluoroscopy. The Hough transform is then applied to determine the positions of vertebrae in each frame of a motion sequence. In the Hough transform, Fourier descriptors are used to represent the vertebral shapes. The results show that the Hough transform is a very promising technique for vertebral extraction from videofluoroscopic images. A dynamic visualisation package has been developed in order to view the moving lumbar spine from any angle and viewpoint. Wire frame models of the vertebrae were built by using CT images from the Visible Human Project and these models are scaled to match the fluoroscopic image data. For animation, the spinal kinematic data from the motion study is incorporated.
The Three-Dimensional EIT Wave (2002)

An EIT wave is an impulsive disturbance which has been observed in the EUV, Soft X-ray and white light corona, with corresponding observations in the chromosphere. The effects of these disturbances can be observed across the entire solar disk of the Sun, and throughout the inner heliosphere as well. However, the picture is not complete; observations alone do not establish a complete understanding of the nature of this three-dimensional phenomenon. A number of associated phenomena have been documented, though in most cases causality has not determined. Additionally, it is unclear which factors govern the impulse's ability to affect regions of the corona and heliosphere. We discuss the various observations and the models which provided links between the associated phenomena.