gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel ATG4B antagonist inhibits autophagy and has a negative impact on osteosarcoma tumors (2014)

Autophagy has been implicated in the progression and chemoresistance of various cancers. In this study, we have shown that osteosarcoma Saos-2 cells lacking ATG4B, a cysteine proteinase that activates LC3B, are defective in autophagy and fail to form tumors in mouse models. By combining in silico docking with in vitro and cell-based assays, we identified small compounds that suppressed starvation-induced protein degradation, LC3B lipidation, and formation of autophagic vacuoles. NSC185058 effectively inhibited ATG4B activity in vitro and in cells while having no effect on MTOR and PtdIns3K activities. In addition, this ATG4B antagonist had a negative impact on the development of Saos-2 osteosarcoma tumors in vivo. We concluded that tumor suppression was due to a reduction in ATG4B activity, since we found autophagy suppressed within treated tumors and the compound had no effects on oncogenic protein kinases. Our findings demonstrate that ATG4B is a suitable anti-autophagy target and a promising therapeutic target to treat osteosarcoma.
Government and family (2012)

Like most people throughout the world, Australians believe that members of a family should care for and support one another, be loyal to one another and share family resources for the maintenance and benefit of all. We believe it is the proper role of parents to care for, protect and to guide the development of our children.
Application Specific Optimal Codec in Cognitive Environment (2010)

Optimization process needs a case study, including simulation to observe real time results. With the evolution of coding techniques like turbo, LDPC(Low Density Parity Check Code, Convolutional LDPC, RS(Reed Solomon) codes, etc., to choose a specific technique & its specific configuration to optimize the system performance is a critical task. Moreover FPGA implementation of these coders makes the design flexible and software defined. Heading towards the Cognitive Technology, wherein Bandwidth (BW) allocation is dynamic one has to configure the entire transceiver system to work over the available BW. Present paper is a summary of the Ph. D. work carried out to optimize the BER(Bit error rate) performance of codec in the cognitive environment. In particular Application Specific Codec design is putt forth for Mobile & WiMax, followed by improvement in the BER performance at higher BW. Few sample Results at every stage of simulation are also depicted.
Implementation of a Flexible LDPC Decoder (2007)

Low-density parity-check codes (LDPC) are among the most powerful error correcting tools today available. For this reason they became very popular in several applications such as the digital satellite broadcasting system (DVB-S2), wireless local area network (IEEE 802.11n) and metropolitan area network (802.16e). Whereas several code-specific decoders have been proposed in the literature, the implementation of a high performance yet flexible LDPC decoder still is a challenging topic. This work presents a novel formulation of the decoding algorithm that strongly simplifies internal communication requirements and enables the development of decoders supporting generally defined LDPC codes. The resulting architecture is tailored to decode both IEEE 802.11n and IEEE 802.16e LDPC codes, as well as any other code of comparable complexity. The implementation cost deriving from the full flexibility offered by the proposed approach is also evaluated.
Positive associations of polymorphisms in the metabotropic glutamate receptor type 8 gene (<i>GRM8</i>) with schizophrenia (2004)

The glutamatergic dysfunction has been implicated in pathophysiology of schizophrenia. The Group III metabotropic glutamate receptor 4 (mGluR4), 6, 7, and 8 are thought to modulate glutamatergic transmission in the brain by inhibiting glutamate release at the synapse. We tested association of schizophrenia with GRM8 using 22 single nucleofide polymorphisms (SNPs) with the average intervals of 40.3 kb in the GRM8 region in 100 case-control pairs for the SNPs. Although we observed significant associations of schizophrenia with two SNPs, SNP18 (rs2237748, allele: P = 0.0279; genotype: P = 0.0124) and SNP19 (rs2299472, allele: P = 0.0302; genotype: P = 0.0127), none of two SNPs showed significant association with disease after Bonferroni correction. Both SNP18 and SNP19 were included in a large region (>330 kb) in which SNPs are in linkage disequilibrium (LD) at the 3' region of GRM8. We also tested haplotype association of schizophrenia with constructed haplotypes of the SNPs in LD. Significant associations were detected for the combinations of SNP5-SNP6 (chi(2) = 18.12, df = 3, P = 0.0004, P corr = 0.0924 with Bonferroni correction), SNP4-SNP5-SNP6 (chi(2) = 27.50, df = 7, P = 0.0075, P corr = 0.015 with Bonferroni correction), and SNP5-SNP6-SNP7 (chi(2) = 23.92, df = 7, P = 0.0011, P corr = 0.0022 with Bonferroni correction). Thus, we conclude that at least one susceptibility locus for schizophrenia is located within the GRM8 region in Japanese.
X-ray diffraction study of the smectic-<i>A</i> fluid antiphase and its transitions to smectic-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">A</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and smectic-<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="italic">A</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>phases (1994)

A high-resolution x-ray diffraction study has been carried out on a binary liquid crystal mixture of pentylphenylcyanobenzoyloxy benzoate (${\mathrm{DB}}_{5}$CN) and cyanobenzoyloxypentyl stilbene (${\mathrm{C}}_{5}$ stilbene) that is 49.5 mole % ${\mathrm{C}}_{5}$ stilbene. This mixture exhibits on cooling the phase sequence monolayer smectic-A (${\mathrm{SmA}}_{1}$)--smectic-A fluid antiphase (Sm\~A)--bilayer smectic-A (${\mathrm{SmA}}_{2}$). We observe the presence of a broad coexistence region between the Sm\~A phase and the ${\mathrm{SmA}}_{2}$ phase, contrary to previous work which reported a smectic-A crenelated phase. The behavior of the smectic-A fluid antiphase ordering and the evolution of the system to Sm${\mathit{A}}_{2}$ order via a two-phase coexistence region are described in detail. Our results are compatible with previous high-resolution heat capacity measurements on the same sample.
Measuring the impact of MS on walking ability (2003)

The MSWS-12 satisfies standard criteria as a reliable and valid patient-based measure of the impact of MS on walking. In these samples, the MSWS-12 was more responsive than other walking-based scales.
Overview of IN and TMN harmonization (1995)

Introduces the work being performed in ETSI and ITU-T on the management of IN and on IN and TMN harmonization. After a short history of, and rationale for the work in this area, a brief overview of the results achieved in ETSI's joint experts group on IN/TMN is provided. This includes the proposed mapping of the IN functional entities onto TMN function blocks and the proposal for integration of IN and TMN modeling techniques. This work has resulted in the "Baseline Document on the Integration of IN and TMN". Both ETSI and ITU-T have accepted this document as a starting point for further addressing the special requirements of IN with respect to management (i.e., rapid deployment and provisioning of new services and corresponding management functionality). The work on further alignment of IN and TMN terminology and concepts is an ongoing activity, as both IN and TMN concepts are expected to evolve toward the definition of open and distributed platform-oriented environments. The article also addresses this work program, the intermediate results, and the expected outcome of this continued effort on the standardization of IN management.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Slow electromagnetic wave guided in subwavelength region along one-dimensional periodically structured metal surface (2007)

A perfect electric conductor surface with one-dimensional periodic rectangle holes is proposed as a surface-plasmon-like waveguide, where designed surface plasmon modes with very low group velocity are confined in a subwavelength region. It is shown that the half maximum of electric field intensity of the mode can be confined in a 0.20λ×0.10λ subwavelength region on the transversal plane and the group velocity approaches to zeros, where λ is the wavelength in vacuum.
Excess synthesis of viral mRNA 5-terminal oligonucleotides by reovirus transcriptase. (1981)

Short oligonucleotides corresponding to the 5'-terminal sequence of reovirus mRNAs were produced in vitro by virion-associated transcriptase activity. Both capped and uncapped oligonucleotides were synthesized in molar excess relative to mRNA. Yields of uncapped oligomers including ppG-C and ppG-C-U were severalfold greater than the homologous capped structures. In partial reaction mixtures that were nonsupportive for mRNA chain elongation, capped oligomer synthesis was increased. Similarly, oligonucleotide formation was differentially resistant in viral preparations that were inactivated with respect to mRNA synthesis by modification of the genome RNA by dimethyl sulfate alkylation or psoralen photoreaction. The results suggest that reovirus mRNA synthesis involves excessive initiation by reiterative transcription of promoter sites by the reovirus polymerase. Only a small fraction of the resulting oligonucleotides are capped and extended to form full length mRNAs during a subsequent elongation step which is apparently mediated by transcriptase molecules that escape the reiterative phase of transcription.
Fed‐batch culture of <i>Escherichia coli</i> for <scp>L</scp>‐valine production based on in silico flux response analysis (2010)

We have previously reported the development of a 100% genetically defined engineered Escherichia coli strain capable of producing L-valine from glucose with a high yield of 0.38 g L-valine per gram glucose (0.58 mol L-valine per mol glucose) by batch culture. Here we report a systems biological strategy of employing flux response analysis in bioprocess development using L-valine production by fed-batch culture as an example. Through the systems-level analysis, the source of ATP was found to be important for efficient L-valine production. There existed a trade-off between L-valine production and biomass formation, which was optimized for the most efficient L-valine production. Furthermore, acetic acid feeding strategy was optimized based on flux response analysis. The final fed-batch cultivation strategy allowed production of 32.3 g/L L-valine, the highest concentration reported for E. coli. This approach of employing systems-level analysis of metabolic fluxes in developing fed-batch cultivation strategy would also be applicable in developing strategies for the efficient production of other bioproducts.
A multiplexed phase-change-type color LCD (1981)

Multiplexing of the Grandjean phase-change-type guest-host (PCGH) LCD in the low voltage region is discussed. When cell gap L is controlled as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P < L < 1.25P</tex> ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">P</tex> is the cholesteric pitch), the Grandjean PCGH LCD, with 1/2 bias and 1/2 duty, ensures a ±10-percent driving margin.
Broadband Oscillator-Free THz Pulse Generation and Radiation Based on Direct Digital-to-Impulse Architecture (2017)

Broadband 0.03-1.1 THz signal generation and radiation are demonstrated based on an oscillator-free direct digital-to-impulse architecture with a 1.9-ps full width at half maximum and 130-GHz 3-dB bandwidth (BW) (200-GHz 10-dB BW) centered at 160 GHz. The radiated pulse achieves a peak pulse effective isotropic-radiated power of 19.2 dBm and peak pulse-radiated power of 2.6 mW. An ON/OFF impulse-shaping technique is introduced and implemented to suppress undesired ringing and to increase dc-to-radiated efficiency. The frequency-comb spectrum of the radiated pulse train with 5.2-GHz repetition rate is measured up to 1.1 THz. At a distance of 4 cm, the measured received SNR at 1 and 1.1 THz is 28 and 22 dB, respectively. A 1.1-THz tone is measured with a 10-dB spectral width of 2 Hz, demonstrating an extremely narrow spectral line width (two parts per trillion). Time-domain picosecond pulses are characterized using a custom femtosecond-laser-based terahertz time-domain spectroscopy system. Coherent spatial combining from two widely spaced chips is demonstrated. It is shown that the starting time of the radiated pulses is locked to the edge of the input digital trigger with a timing jitter of 270 fs. The chip is fabricated in a 130-nm SiGe BiCMOS process technology.
Experimental detection of optical vortices with a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor (2010)

Laboratory experiments are carried out to detect optical vortices in conditions typical of those experienced when a laser beam is propagated through the atmosphere. A Spatial Light Modulator (SLM) is used to mimic atmospheric turbulence and a Shack-Hartmann wavefront sensor is utilised to measure the slopes of the wavefront surface. A matched filter algorithm determines the positions of the Shack-Hartmann spot centroids more robustly than a centroiding algorithm. The slope discrepancy is then obtained by taking the slopes measured by the wavefront sensor away from the slopes calculated from a least squares reconstruction of the phase. The slope discrepancy field is used as an input to the branch point potential method to find if a vortex is present, and if so to give its position and sign. The use of the slope discrepancy technique greatly improves the detection rate of the branch point potential method. This work shows the first time the branch point potential method has been used to detect optical vortices in an experimental setup.
Phase I Trial of Adoptive Immunotherapy With Cytolytic T Lymphocytes Immunized Against a Tyrosinase Epitope (2002)

CTLs immunized against a single melanoma epitope were nontoxic but did not specifically localize to tumor sites. Nevertheless, two patients had disease regression. Additional therapeutic studies with specifically immunized CTL seem justified.
Seismic cross-coupling noise in torsion pendulums (2018)

Detection of low-frequency gravitational waves around 0.1 Hz is one of the important targets for future gravitational wave observation. One of the main sources of the expected signals is gravitational waves from binary intermediate-mass black hole coalescences which is proposed as one of the formation scenarios of supermassive black holes. By using a torsion pendulum, which can have a resonance frequency of a few millihertz, such signals can be measured on the ground since its rotational motion can act as a free mass down to 0.01 Hz. However, sensitivity of a realistic torsion pendulum will suffer from torsional displacement noise introduced from translational ground motion in the main frequency band of interest. Such noise is called seismic cross-coupling noise, and there has been little research on it. In this paper, systematic investigation is performed to identify routes of cross-coupling transfer for standard torsion pendulums. Based on the results, this paper also proposes reduction schemes of cross-coupling noise, and they were demonstrated experimentally in agreement with theory. This result establishes a basic way to reduce seismic noise in torsion pendulums for the most significant coupling routes.
New chemotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of Chagas disease (American Trypanosomiasis) (2003)

Chagas disease is one of the most serious public health problems in Latin America but, due to economic considerations, there is almost no research and development effort by the pharmaceutical industry on this condition, which makes this one of the most neglected diseases in the world. However, significant advances in the understanding of the basic biology of the aetiological agent, Trypanosoma cruzi, have been made in recent decades, largely as a consequence of research carried out in academic institutions. This accumulated knowledge is now beginning to be reflected in the patent literature. In this review the patent literature for the period 1999 – 2002 was searched for claims of potential treatments for Chagas disease and 13 specific patents were identified. The majority of these patents dealt with inhibitors of cruzipain, a specific cysteine protease, which has been shown to be essential for the survival and growth of T. cruzi in its mammalian hosts. Other targets included ergosterol biosynthesis, dihydrofolate reductase, DNA topoisomerase II, neuraminidase (trans-sialidase) and acidocalcisomal Na+/H+ exchanger, as well as the use of transition metal complexes as antiparasitic agents.
Interleukin-2-activated natural killer cells can support hematopoiesis in vitro and promote marrow engraftment in vivo (1992)

Abstract Purified natural killer (NK) cells were obtained from mice with severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) to ascertain their effect on hematopoiesis. When activated and propagated with recombinant human interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) in vitro, SCID spleen cells maintained a phenotypic and lytic spectrum consistent with a pure population of activated NK cells. When added with syngeneic bone marrow cells (BMC) in soft agar, the activated NK cells could support hematopoietic growth in vitro without the addition of exogenous hematopoietic growth factors. However, when syngeneic BMC were added along with cytokines to produce optimal growth conditions, the addition of NK cells was then inhibitory for hematopoietic colony formation. Antibodies to interferon- gamma (IFN-gamma) partially reversed the inhibitory effects. Supernatants from the NK-cell cultures could also exert these effects on hematopoiesis, although to a lesser extent. Analysis of the NK cell RNA demonstrated that activated NK cells express genes for hematopoietic growth factors such as granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF), granulocyte CSF (G-CSF), and IL-1 beta. The NK cells were also found to express IFN-gamma, transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) mRNA. Analysis of the NK-cell supernatants using factor-dependent myeloid progenitor cell lines showed that the NK cells were producing G- CSF and growth-promoting activity that could not be attributed to IL-1, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, GM-CSF, G-CSF, macrophage CSF (M-CSF), or stem cell factor. The transfer of activated NK cells with BMC into lethally irradiated syngeneic mice resulted in greater BMC engraftment in the recipients. Thus, these results using a pure population of activated NK cells indicate that when activated, these cells can produce a variety of growth factors for hematopoiesis and exert significant hematopoietic growth-promoting effects in vivo.
Spectroscopic properties of Er^(3+)-doped AlF_(3)-La_(2)O_(3)-Al_(2)O_(3)-SiO_(2) glasses (2004)

Er^(3+)-doped fluoride lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses with compositions of (65-x/2)SiO_(2).(25-x/2)Al_(2)O_(3).xAlF_(3).9.1La_(2)O_(3).0.6Er_(2)O_(3).0.3Yb_(2)O_(3) (x = 4, 8, 12, 20, 30) (mol%) were prepared and their glass transitiontemperatures and spectroscopic properties were investigated. The ?_(2), ?_(4), and ?_(6) intensity parameters of glasses were calculated by Judd-Ofelt theory from absorption curves. It was found that glasses transition temperature and melting temperature decreased with the increase of fluoride content in glass, ?_(2) decreased gradually with the increase of AlF_(3) content, but both ?_(4) and ?_(6) did not increase until AlF_(3) content increased to 30 mol%. The quantum efficiency of ^(4)I_(13/2) to ^(4)I_(15/2) transition of Er^(3+) ions increases with the increase of AlF_(3) content in glass. Fluorescent lifetime is longer in glass containing more AlF_(3) content.
Using classification methods to label tasks in process mining (2010)

Abstract We investigate a method designed to improve the accuracy of process mining in scenarios where the identification of task labels for log events is uncertain. Such situations are prevalent in business processes where events consist of communications between people, such as email messages. We examine how the accuracy of an independent task identifier, such as a classification or clustering engine, can be improved by examining the currently mined process model. First, a classification scheme based on identifying the keywords in each message is presented to provide an initial labeling. We then demonstrate how these labels can be refined by considering the likelihood that the event represents a particular task as obtained via an analysis of the current representation of the process model. This process is then repeated a number of times until the model is sufficiently refined. Results show that both keyword classification and the current process model analysis can be significantly effective on their own, and when combined have the potential to correct virtually all errors when noise is low (less than 20%), and can reduce the error rate by about 85% when noise is in the 30–40% range. Copyright © 2010 Crown in the right of Canada.
Effects of milbemycin oxime on adult hookworms in dogs with naturally acquired infections (1990)

Previous work indicated that adult Ancylostoma caninum can be removed from experimentally infected dogs, using a formulation of milbemycin oxime at dosage of 0.5 mg/kg of body weight. To determine the efficacy of this treatment in dogs naturally infected with adult hookworms, 24 mixed-breed dogs with patent hookworm infections were purchased from an out-of-state vendor, and 6 male and 6 female dogs were assigned to either a control group or a group that would be treated. Dogs were treated 10 days after their arrival and were euthanatized 1 week after treatment. Beginning 3 days before treatment, fecal samples were collected daily from all dogs, and the number of Ancylostoma eggs per gram of dry weight of feces was determined from each sample. By 1 week after treatment, the mean number of eggs being passed by the treated dogs had dropped from 12,700 to 10 eggs/g of dried feces; there was no apparent change in fecal egg counts for dogs of the control group. At necropsy, the mean number of adult A caninum in dogs of the treated and control groups was 1.3 and 56, respectively; in these naturally infected dogs, efficacy of treatment was calculated to be 97.8%. The mean number of adult Trichuris vulpis recovered in dogs of the control and treated groups at necropsy was 24 and 0, respectively, which yielded treatment efficacy of 100%. Although Uncinaria stenocephala and Toxocara canis appeared also to be removed by use of this dosage, too few dogs were in the study to calculate meaningful efficacies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Starch Ferrates (1995)

Abstract Ferric chloride forms with starch inclusion complex which can be readily hydrolyzed into the starch‐Fe(O)OH complex. Contrary to it carbonyl iron powder reacts with starch paste at 37°C to give starch ferrałłe. Structure assignments were made based on measurements of aqueous solubility and water binding capacity as well as interpretation of results of differential scanning calorimetry and X‐ray photoelectron spectra of prepared compounds.