gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bimanual telerobotic surgery with asymmetric force feedback: A daVinci<sup>&#x00AE;</sup> surgical system implementation (2014)

This paper describes the applicability of an asymmetric force feedback control framework for bimanual robot-assisted surgery using the da Vinci surgical system (Intuitive Surgical Inc.). The core idea of this method, previously presented in [1], is that when completing two-handed tasks involving an action and a reaction force, the forces applied on the environment by the action hand are not transferred back to the same hand, but rather to the reaction hand. Such a method provides an intuitive way of feeling the force, while avoiding the instability issues, since the control loop in not closed from the slave to the master of the same hand. In the introductory paper [1], the technique was implemented using game controllers with simple tasks. In this paper, the technique was implemented on the da Vinci surgical system (Classic version) using the da Vinci Research Kit (dVRK) controllers that enable complete access to all control levels of the da Vinci robot manipulators via custom mechatronics and open-source software. The implementation involved a full re-write of a teleoperation controller based on kinematic correspondence with gravity compensation, as well as torque control functions for force rendering on the da Vinci master manipulators. A series of suture knot tying and haptic exploration experiments were conducted in which a small group of users, both surgeons (N=3) and novices (N=6) evaluated the system. The results show that the proposed technique has some promise when implemented in a realistic 14 degrees of freedom system, but further work is necessary to make the system fully usable.
3D Visualization of the Iron Oxidation State in FeO/Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>Core–Shell Nanocubes from Electron Energy Loss Tomography (2016)

The physicochemical properties used in numerous advanced nanostructured devices are directly controlled by the oxidation states of their constituents. In this work we combine electron energy-loss spectroscopy, blind source separation, and computed tomography to reconstruct in three dimensions the distribution of Fe(2+) and Fe(3+) ions in a FeO/Fe3O4 core/shell cube-shaped nanoparticle with nanometric resolution. The results highlight the sharpness of the interface between both oxides and provide an average shell thickness, core volume, and average cube edge length measurements in agreement with the magnetic characterization of the sample.
Ultrathin metallic magnetic films: magnetic anisotropies and exchange interactions (1993)

(1993). Ultrathin metallic magnetic films: magnetic anisotropies and exchange interactions. Advances in Physics: Vol. 42, No. 5, pp. 523-639.
Overexpression of the r<i>FCA</i> RNA Recognition Motif Affects Morphologies Modifications in Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) (2007)

RNA recognition motifs as important regulators of gene expression are highly conserved in animals and plants. The FCA floral promotion gene in Arabidopsis encodes a protein, containing two RNA recognition motifs (RRM) and a WW protein interaction domain. Here we isolated FCA cDNA from rice. FCA in rice (rFCA) was homologous to FCA-gamma of Arabidopsis and contained conserved domains. To investigate the function of RRM domain, fragment RRM1 and RRM2 of rFCA were introduced into rice subspecies Oryza sativa L. subsp. Indica var. 9311 and another rice subspecies Oryza sativa L. subsp. Japonica var. zhonghua11 transformation. Two transgenic lines exhibited similar phenotypes, flowering time delay, seed size and cell volume of transgenic plants was increased. These results showed that constitutive expression of RRMs could regulate cellular size. The patterns of overexpression of two RRM domains and their similar morphologies indicate they may play a same role.
Cannabidiol: A Promising Drug for Neurodegenerative Disorders? (2009)

Neurodegenerative diseases represent, nowadays, one of the main causes of death in the industrialized country. They are characterized by a loss of neurons in particular regions of the nervous system. It is believed that this nerve cell loss underlies the subsequent decline in cognitive and motor function that patients experience in these diseases. A range of mutant genes and environmental toxins have been implicated in the cause of neurodegenerative disorders but the mechanism remains largely unknown. At present, inflammation, a common denominator among the diverse list of neurodegenerative diseases, has been implicated as a critical mechanism that is responsible for the progressive nature of neurodegeneration. Since, at present, there are few therapies for the wide range of neurodegenerative diseases, scientists are still in search of new therapeutic approaches to the problem. An early contribution of neuroprotective and antiinflammatory strategies for these disorders seems particularly desirable because isolated treatments cannot be effective. In this contest, marijuana derivatives have attracted special interest, although these compounds have always raised several practical and ethical problems for their potential abuse. Nevertheless, among Cannabis compounds, cannabidiol (CBD), which lacks any unwanted psychotropic effect, may represent a very promising agent with the highest prospect for therapeutic use.
Antimycobacterial Activity of Some Quinolyl Aryl Sulfides, Sulfones, and Ethers, In Vitro (1972)

A series of 61 compounds of six different categories (nitrosulfides, nitrosulfones, aminosulfides, aminosulfones, nitroethers, and aminoethers), all heterocyclic analogues of diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DADS), were synthesized by replacing one of the benzene rings of DADS by a 5-nitro-quinoline ring and the other benzene ring by various heterocyclic nuclei. Among these compounds, 51 were found to inhibit the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis at a concentration of 40 mug or less per ml; 8 compounds were effective at a concentration of 1 mug/ml and 9 were effective at a concentration of 0.1 mug/ml. 5-Amino-8-quinolyl-2,4-dichlorophenyl sulfide was found to be 20 times more effective than isonicotinic acid hydrazide and 80 times more effective than streptomycin.
Evidence of unique-parity band structure in neutron-rich odd-<i>A</i>Ru isotopes (1995)

With prompt \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray and x-ray spectroscopy on fission fragments, several new transitions in $^{109,111}\mathrm{Ru}$ have been identified. Angular correlation analysis of several of the new transitions yield evidence of a stretched E2 band structure. Qualitative Nilsson model arguments, systematics, and triaxial rotor+particle calculations support our hypothesis that the observed band is built on the unique parity \ensuremath{\nu}${\mathit{h}}_{11/2}$ orbital.
Aerodynamics of Trans-Atmospheric Vehicles: A Non-Dimensional Approach (2006)

A novel non-dimensional approach to flight dynamics of a trans-atmospheric vehicle is proposed. This approach explicitly takes into account the vertical span of the atmosphere (atmospheric scale height) as well as atmospheric mass load (atmospheric pressure) a t the given flight level. As an example of application of this approach, a simple analytic model of the flight dynamics is considered for the powered boost and non-powered glide of a trans-atmospheric vehicle. Nomenclature = speed of sound = constant of integration = aerodynamic drag coefficient = aerodynamic drag force, distance = thrust = gravitational acceleration = gravitational acceleration on Earth, a conversion factor between unities of mass and weight = altitude = atmospheric scale height = specific impulse = non-dimensional specific impulse = aerodynamic lift force = Machnumber = mass of the vehicle = mass of the atmospheric column over unit area = thrust-to-weight ratio = atmospheric (static) pressure = dynamic pressure = gas constant; planetary radius = reference area of the vehicle = atmospheric temperature = atmospheric scale time = airspeed, velocity = atmospheric scale airspeed = orbital velocity = non-dimensional distance = (L/D), lift-to-drag ratio = p- ratio, a non-dimensional mass parameter = c / cp, ratio of specific heats = flight path angle = atmospheric density = non-dimensional time = u- number, a non-dimensional velocity = VJVH, non-dimensional velocity
Effect of Substituents on the Chemical Shift of Benzylic Protons. III (1971)

The effects of para substituents on the chemical shifts of the diastereotopic benzylic protons in three series of chiral molecules have been determined from a study of the 100 MHz spectra of these molecules in deuterochloroform. The results show that the slope, ρ, obtained from a plot of τ vs. Hammett σ constant, is influenced by a number of factors and that the conformational disposition of the benzylic proton with respect to the aromatic ring is not a dominant factor.
<title>Manufacturing CD-R media</title> (1996)

The optical discs which can quickly record, retrieve and read enormous numbers of documents, images, music are becoming new leading products in mass media industry now. Especially CDR discs which are following the booming CD-ROM sales are becoming more and more popular. CD-R discs are compatible to CD-ROM discs, and they can record information and preserve it for long periods without changing. Because organic-dye-laid discs are relatively low cost, the application of CD-R is extending to consumer areas. In addition, we believe that in the near future CD-R duplication will replace the standard injection molding and substrate finishing process for small volume CD-ROM distribution. There are about 50 kinds of recording materials that can be used for CD-R media as summarized in Figure 1. This paper concentrates on a recording media containing a cyanine dye, because of the following features: • compatible to Orange Book Standards and available licenses through Philips (including Taiyo Yuden), • recycling of dyes can be applied and thus low costs can be achieved.
Bile resistance mechanisms in Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium (2013)

Probiotics are live microorganisms which when administered in adequate amounts confer a health benefit on the host. Most of the probiotic bacteria currently available in the market belong to the genera Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium, and specific health-promoting activities, such as treatment of diarrhea or amelioration of gastrointestinal discomfort, have been attributed to them. In order to be able to survive the gastrointestinal transit and transiently colonize our gut, these bacteria must be able to counteract the deleterious action of bile salts, which are the main components of bile. Bile salts are detergent-like biological substances synthesized in the liver from cholesterol. Host enzymes conjugate the newly synthesized free bile acids in the liver with the amino acids glycine or taurine, generating conjugated bile salts. These compounds are stored in the gall bladder and they are released into the duodenum during digestion to perform their physiological function, which is the solubilization of fat coming from diet. These bile salts possess strong antimicrobial activity, since they are able to disorganize the structure of the cell membrane, as well as trigger DNA damage. This means that bacteria inhabiting our intestinal tract must have intrinsic resistance mechanisms to cope with bile salts. To do that, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium display a variety of proteins devoted to the efflux of bile salts or protons, to modify sugar metabolism or to prevent protein misfolding. In this manuscript, we review and discuss specific bile resistance mechanisms, as well as the processes responsible for the adaptation of bifidobacteria and lactobacilli to bile.
Immobilization of horseradish peroxidase on a self-assembled monolayer modified gold electrode for the detection of hydrogen peroxide (1998)

A procedure for developing an enzyme electrode is described, based on the covalent binding of horseradish peroxidase to a self-assembled monolayer on a gold electrode. The resulting electrode exhibits high sensitivity (0.32 Al mol–1 cm–2) to hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a mediator (catechol). The current responses of the electrode are related to the concentrations of both substrate and mediator. The enzyme electrode responds well to hydrogen peroxide in the pH range 5.0–8.0. The optimum pH of the solution for the enzyme electrode is 6.0. Voltammetric experiments showed that the linear range of the enzyme electrode to hydrogen peroxide is from 1.0 µM to 1.0 mM and the detection limit is down to 0.5 µM. A decrease in current response is observed as the concentration of hydrogen peroxide increases above 6.0 mM, which might be due to the deactivation of the enzyme electrode at high concentrations of the substrate.
Melatonin plasma response to MAO inhibitor: Influence on human pineal activity? (1988)

Strong negative correlation has been observed between nighttime (physiological) elevation of plasma melatonin and plasma melatonin increase induced by a single dose of MAO inhibitor, tranylcypromine. The possible use of acute plasma melatonin response to MAO inhibitor as a functional test for the evaluation of human pineal activity is discussed.
Insulin Patch Pumps: Their Development and Future in Closed-Loop Systems (2010)

Steady progress is being made toward the development of a so-called "artificial pancreas," which may ultimately be a fully automated, closed-loop, glucose control system comprising a continuous glucose monitor, an insulin pump, and a controller. The controller will use individualized algorithms to direct delivery of insulin without user input. A major factor propelling artificial pancreas development is the substantial incidence of-and attendant patient, parental, and physician concerns about-hypoglycemia and extreme hyperglycemia associated with current means of insulin delivery for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). A successful fully automated artificial pancreas would likely reduce the frequency of and anxiety about hypoglycemia and marked hyperglycemia. Patch-pump systems ("patch pumps") are likely to be used increasingly in the control of T1DM and may be incorporated into the artificial pancreas systems of tomorrow. Patch pumps are free of tubing, small, lightweight, and unobtrusive. This article describes features of patch pumps that have been approved for U.S. marketing or are under development. Included in the review is an introduction to control algorithms driving insulin delivery, particularly the two major types: proportional integrative derivative and model predictive control. The use of advanced algorithms in the clinical development of closed-loop systems is reviewed along with projected next steps in artificial pancreas development.
TLR3-, TLR7-, and TLR9-Mediated Production of Proinflammatory Cytokines and Chemokines from Murine Connective Tissue Type Skin-Derived Mast Cells but Not from Bone Marrow-Derived Mast Cells (2004)

Recent studies have revealed that murine bone marrow-derived cultured mast cells (BMMC), which are phenotypically immature mast cells, express functional TLR2 and TLR4 that recognize distinct pathogen-associated molecules. However, it remains relatively uncertain whether mast cells express other TLR. We recently established a method to obtain large numbers of murine fetal skin-derived cultured mast cells (FSMC); these cells exhibit important features of connective tissue type mast cells. Working with FSMC and BMMC, the TLR mRNA expression profiles were compared between both cell types. Although TLR2 and TLR4 mRNA were detected in both cells at comparable levels, TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 mRNA were expressed by FSMC at higher levels than by BMMC, suggesting distinct TLR expression profiles among different mast cell populations. With respect to their functional aspects, FSMC, but not BMMC, dose dependently produced proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-alpha and IL-6) and chemokines (RANTES, MIP-1alpha, and MIP-2) in response to poly(I:C), R-848, and CpG oligodeoxynucleotide, which are TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 activators, respectively. Interestingly, these TLR activators failed to induce degranulation and IL-13 production by both mast cells, although peptidoglycan and LPS (TLR2 and TLR4 activators, respectively) induced IL-13 production by both cells. Mast cells, thus, may have potential to recruit other immune cells to the infected sites by responding to various bacterial and viral components through TLR signaling pathways, presumably being involved in initiating innate immunity and subsequently linking innate and acquired immune responses.
Materials modification by electronic excitation (2000)

Electronic excitation by lasers or electron beams can modify the properties of materials. The changes are not just due to heat, nor do they result from the well-known collision dynamics of much radiation damage. Everyday examples of modification by electronic excitation include photography, and photochromics (such as sunglasses) which change colour. In the last few years it has become clear that excitation can offer novel types of modification, with better-controlled changes. The field has evolved through a mix of basic science, of new laser and electron beam tools, and of new needs from microelectronics, photonics and nanotechnology. Underlying this development are some common themes which integrate the basic science and its applications. These include especially the ideas of energy localisation and charge localisation. There are detailed comparisons of experiment and theory for halides, but there is a wealth of information for other materials. From this, we identify ways to connect understanding to technological needs, like selective removal of material, controlled changes, altering the balance between process steps, and possibilities of quantum control. The field is reviewed in full in our recent book [N. Itoh, A.M. Stoneham, Materials Modification by Electronic Excitation, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2000].
Reaction of endotoxin and surfactants. II. Immunologic properties of endotoxins treated with sodium deoxycholate. (1968)

Summary Dissociation of Salmonella enteritidis endotoxin into nonpyrogenic subunits of low molecular weight with sodium deoxycholate resulted in reduction of its antigenic and adjuvant properties. Removal of the surfactant by dialysis, permitting reaggregation of the subunits into larger pyrogenic particles, restored antigenic activity. Quantitative precipitation curves confirmed that the molecular species of endotoxin formed after removal of the sodium deoxycholate were much smaller than the original, in the case of phenol-extracted endotoxins, and the same as the original with aqueous ether-extracted endotoxins.
Comparison of peptide cancer signatures identified by mass spectrometry in serum of patients with head and neck, lung and colorectal cancers: Association with tumor progression (2011)

Mass spectrometry-based analyses of the low-molecular-weight fraction of serum proteome allow identifying proteome profiles (signatures) that are potentially useful in detection and diagnostics of cancer. Here we compared serum proteome profiles of healthy donors and patients with three different types of cancer aiming to identify peptide signatures that were either common for all cancer samples or specific for cancer type. Blood samples were collected before start of the therapy from patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer, colorectal adenocarcinoma and non-small cell lung cancer, and from a corresponding group of healthy volunteers. Mass profiles of the serum proteome were recorded in the range between 2 and 13 kDa using MALDI-ToF spectrometry and 131 identified peptide ions were used for statistical analyses. Similar degrees of overall similarities were observed in all intra-group and inter-group analyses when general features of serum proteome profiles were compared between individual samples. However, classifiers built of selected spectral components allowed differentiation between healthy donors and three groups of cancer patients with 69-74% sensitivity and 82-84% specificity. There were two common peptide species (3766 and 5867 Da) with increased levels in all cancer samples. Several spectral components permitted differentiation between lung cancer samples and either head and neck cancer or colorectal cancer samples, but two latter types of samples could not be properly discriminated. Abundance of spectral components that putatively corresponded to fragments of serum amyloid A (11511 and 11667 Da) was highest in lung cancer samples, yet increased levels of these peptides appeared to generally associate with more advanced cancer cases. We concluded that certain components of serum peptide signatures are common for different cancer signatures and putatively reflect general response of organism to the disease, yet other components of such signatures are more specific and most likely correspond to clinical stage of the malignancy.
Learning Deep Descriptors with Scale-Aware Triplet Networks (2018)

Research on learning suitable feature descriptors for Computer Vision has recently shifted to deep learning where the biggest challenge lies with the formulation of appropriate loss functions, especially since the descriptors to be learned are not known at training time. While approaches such as Siamese and triplet losses have been applied with success, it is still not well understood what makes a good loss function. In this spirit, this work demonstrates that many commonly used losses suffer from a range of problems. Based on this analysis, we introduce mixed-context losses and scale-aware sampling, two methods that when combined enable networks to learn consistently scaled descriptors for the first time.
TP53 mutation in colorectal cancer (2003)

Approximately half of all colorectal cancers show p53 (TP53) gene mutations, with higher frequencies observed in distal colon and rectal tumors and lower frequencies in proximal tumors and those with the microsatellite instability or methylator phenotypes. Alterations to this gene appear to have little or no prognostic value for colorectal cancer patients treated by surgery alone, but are associated with worse survival for patients treated with chemotherapy. There is some evidence that different p53 mutations are associated with different clinical features including prognosis and response to therapy, although further large studies are required to confirm this. Several in vitro, animal and clinical studies have shown that normal p53 is required for the response of colorectal cancers to 5-fluorouracil-based chemotherapy. This should be confirmed by additional retrospective cohort studies and by the incorporation of P53 status in ongoing and future clinical trials. The evaluation of p53 overexpression, using a standardized immunohistochemical (IHC) procedure, could be a clinically useful marker for the identification of colorectal cancer patients likely to benefit from the standard chemotherapy regime currently used for this disease.
αβ-crystallin interacts with intermediate filaments in response to stress (1997)

The small heat shock protein alphaB-crystallin interacts with intermediate filament proteins. Using a co-sedimentation assay, we showed that in vitro binding of alphaB-crystallin to peripherin and vimentin was temperature-dependent. Specifically, a synthetic peptide representing the first ten residues of alphaB-crystallin was involved in this interaction. When cells were submitted to different stress conditions such as serum starvation, hypertonic stress, or heat shock, we observed a dynamic reorganisation of the intermediate filament network, and concomitant recruitment of alphaB-crystallins on intermediate filament proteins. Under normal conditions alphaB-crystallin was extracted from cells by detergent. In stressed cells, alphaB-crystallin colocalised with intermediate filament proteins, and became resistant to detergent extraction. The intracellular state of alphaB-crystallin seemed to correlate directly with the remodelling of the intermediate filament network in response to stress. This suggested that alphaB-crystallin functions as a molecular chaperone for intermediate filament proteins.