gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Chondroplasty of Chondromalacic Human Cartilage (2002)

We compared the effects of treatment with bipolar and monopolar radiofrequency energy on 30 osteochondral sections harvested from 22 patients with spontaneously occurring chondromalacia who were undergoing knee arthroplasty. Specimens with chondromalacia grades 2 or 3 were randomly assigned to one of two bipolar or one monopolar treatment groups. All samples were marked and mounted on a jig to allow simulation of an arthroscopic surgical procedure with a flow rate of 100 ml/min of a balanced electrolyte solution at 22 degrees C. Under arthroscopic visualization, the designated area was treated until smooth, and the total treatment time was recorded. There was no difference in patients' ages, chondromalacia grade, or cartilage thickness among groups. Significant chondrocyte death, as determined by cell viability staining with confocal laser microscopy, was observed with each group. The bipolar devices produced significantly greater depths of chondrocyte death (2228 +/- 1003 microm and 2810 +/- 517 microm) than did the monopolar device (737 +/- 391 microm). The bipolar devices caused cell death to subchondral bone significantly more often (13 of 20 specimens) than did the monopolar device (0 of 10 specimens). Caution should be used in treating fibrillated cartilage with radiofrequency energy, particularly with the bipolar devices tested.
Sparse LU factorization for parallel circuit simulation on GPU (2012)

Sparse solver has become the bottleneck of SPICE simulators. There has been few work on GPU-based sparse solver because of the high data-dependency. The strong data-dependency determines that parallel sparse LU factorization runs efficiently on shared-memory computing devices. But the number of CPU cores sharing the same memory is often limited. The state of the art Graphic Processing Units (GPU) naturally have numerous cores sharing the device memory, and provide a possible solution to the problem. In this paper, we propose a GPU-based sparse LU solver for circuit simulation. We optimize the work partitioning, the number of active thread groups, and the memory access pattern, based on GPU architecture. On matrices whose factorization involves many floating-point operations, our GPU-based sparse LU factorization achieves 7.90x speedup over 1-core CPU and 1.49x speedup over 8-core CPU. We also analyze the scalability of parallel sparse LU factorization and investigate the specifications on CPUs and GPUs that most influence the performance.
Analysis and design of multiswitch driver for high pulsed voltage generators (2004)

This paper presents a multiswitch driver for high pulsed voltage generators (PVGs). A high PVG usually needs many switches formed with multiple MOSFETs connected in series to yield high output pulsed voltage. It has been often used for processing microbes, such as food sterilization, waste treatment, pollution control and medical diagnostics and treatment. With the proposed multiswitch driving circuits, the number of switch MOSFETs connected in series can be raised, while the component counts to produce the desired pulsed voltage waveforms can be reduced. As a result, its weight and size can be reduced significantly and its efficiency can be correspondingly improved. A prototype of a full-bridge switch driving waveform generator for driving four sets of switches to chop a DC 10 kV into /spl plusmn/10 kV//spl plusmn/0.1 A has been successfully implemented and it has demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed driving scheme.
Localization of Pulmonary Surfactant Proteins Using Immunohistochemistry and Tissue in Situ Hybridization (1991)

Surfactant, a complex mixture of lipids and proteins, is produced by the type II alveolar epithelial cells. Numerous studies have localized surfactant protein A (SP-A) to type II cells of the lung, and recent studies have shown that the type II cells in the human lung are also the site of synthesis of SP-B, one of the hydrophobic surfactant proteins. There have been conflicting reports about additional sites of SP-A production. We have studied the localization of the mRNAs for SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C in the rat and for SP-C in the human lung by tissue in situ hybridization using cRNA probes. The mRNAs for all three rat surfactant proteins and for human SP-C were found in type II alveolar epithelial cells. In addition, the mRNAs for rat SP-A and SP-B were found in nonciliated bronchiolar cells. SP-C mRNA was not detectable in the bronchiolar cells of both rat and human lung tissue. Immunohistochemical studies in the rat lung with antisera to SP-A and SP-B confirmed the presence of the protein in cell types where the mRNA was found, as well as in some alveolar macrophages. Alveolar macrophages in both rat and human lung tissue were negative for all mRNAs. Further studies are required to ascertain whether there are differences in the processing, function, and regulation of these proteins in the different cell types that produce them.
The Viral Oncogene Hypothesis: New Evidence (1972)

Recent studies, primarily with mouse, rat, and chicken cells, have provided evidence to support the concept that vertebrates contain the genetic information for producing a type-C RNA tumor virus in an unexpressed form in their somatic cells as well as in their germ cells. This information, which our associates and we postulated has been part of the genetic makeup of vertebrates since early in evolution, can persist for hundreds of generations in cell culture without overt production of virus. It is proposed that the endogenous virogenes (the genes for the production of type-C viruses) and the oncogenes (that portion of the virogene responsible for transforming a normal cell into a tumor cell) are maintained in an unexpressed form by repressors in normal cells. Various agents, including radiation, chemical carcinogens, and, perhaps, exogenously added viruses, may transform cells by "switching on" the endogenous oncogenic information. Some other implications of the viral oncogene theory are presented.
Galvanic Corrosion Caused by Corrosion Products (1988)

Experiments were conducted to quantify the magnitude of galvanic currents and potentials that exist between metals (iron, copper, titanium, aluminum, chromium, and nickel) and their corrosion products in oxygen-containing environments. Current measurements using a zero resistance ammeter and potential measurements of metal electrodes and oxide electrodes are reported. The effects of solution and electrode compositions on galvanic currents and potentials were determined. A galvanic series of corrosion products was constructed. Galvanic interactions between metals and surface compounds are dependent on electronic conduction type (insulator, n-type, p-type, metallic) and thickness of corrosion product layers. It may be possible to modify semiconductor film conductivity by doping with impurity elements present as alloy constituents or via environmental addition and thereby mitigate galvanic corrosion.
Influence of an immune-modulatory feed supplement on performance and immune function of beef cows and calves preweaning (2020)

The ability to positively alter immune and stress response with nutritional compounds is of great interest and importance to the beef industry. There is a proprietary product (OmniGen-AF [OG]; Phibro Animal Health, Quincy, IL) reported to have performance-enhancing benefits by altering animal response to stress and immune challenges. The objective of this 2-yr research project was to study the effect of supplementing OG to beef cows and their calves on breeding and growth performance. One hundred and twelve multiparous beef cows and 48 primiparous cows were randomly assigned to treatment in year 1; control (CON, no OG; n = 56 multiparous and 24 primiparous) or treatment (OG fed at 8.8 g/100 kg body weight [BW]; n = 56 multiparous and 24 primiparous). Multiparous cows (mean ± SD = 6.4 ± 0.4 yr; BW = 589 ± 9.2 kg; body condition score [BCS] 6.2 ± 0.07) were used in both years of the experiment and primiparous cows (mean ± SD = 2.1 ± 0.04 yr of age, weighed 400 ± 7.5 kg, and BSC of 5.6 ± 0.06) were only used in the first year of the experiment. CON and OG supplements were offered over two production cycles beginning in December approximately 60 d prior to projected calving through pre-breeding in May of each year. Calves from treatment cows were offered treatments in a creep supplement limited to a daily rate of 1% as-fed of BW prorated for 3-d/wk feeding from mid-July through weaning with OG offered at 8.8 g/100 kg BW. Primiparous cow's BW, BCS, and calf performance were not affected by treatment (P ≥ 0.15) in year 1. BW of multiparous OG cows tended (P = 0.10) to be heavier at weaning in year 1 and was greater (P = 0.05) at the onset of the experiment in year 2. Body condition of OG cows was greater (P ≤ 0.02) at weaning in both years 1 and 2, as well as at the onset of the experiment in year 2. Calves fed OG from the mature cows gained more (P = 0.05) BW during the creep feeding period than CON. Core body temperatures of OG heifers measured during the late summer with intravaginal temperature data loggers tended (P ≤ 0.10) to be less at 1400 and 1700 hours and were less (P = 0.05) at 1800 hours than CON heifers. Feeding OG did not result in changes (P = 0.25) in serum titer response to the BVD virus of calves during year 2. The results of the current experiment indicate feeding OG to beef cows and calves can result in improvement in BCS of cows, enhance weight gain of calves preweaning, and reduce heat loads in heifer calves during the late summer.
A Model of Liquid-Drop Spreading for Electrohydrodynamic Jet Printing (2015)

Electrohydrodynamic jet (E-jet) printing is a recent technique for high resolution additive micromanufacturing. With high resolution comes sensitivity to small disturbances, which has kept this technique from reaching its industrial potential. Closed loop control of E-jet printing can overcome these disturbances, but it requires an improved understanding of ink droplet spreading on the substrate and a physical model to predict printed feature locations and geometries from process inputs and disturbances. This manuscript examines a model of ink droplet spreading that uses assumptions that are important to the e-jet process. Our model leverages previous energy balance models that were derived for larger length scale droplets. At the smaller length scale, we find that viscous losses are a significant portion of the energy budget and must be accounted for; this is in contrast to models at length scales two orders of magnitude larger. Our model predicts the droplet height, base radius and contact angle in time from an initial volume and E-jet printing control parameters. The model is validated with published droplet spreading data and new measurements of E-jet printed droplets of diameter 8 μm. The viscous friction calculated in the new model is found to be significant compared to surface energy.
Temperature errors in induction watthour meters (1925)

H. B. Brooks: The paper by Kinnard and Faus is important and valuable, not only for its definite data and clear reasoning, but also because it is a tangible indication of the interest which is being taken in the question of the accuracy of metering. This interest reveals itself in many ways; for example, in the increasing attention which is being given to the ratio and phase-angle performance of instrument transformers. Among reasons for this interest may be mentioned the greater attention which must be given to plant operation, because of higher costs of fuel and other essential supplies; the growing tendency toward interconnection, with the consequent need of accurately measuring interchanged energy; and the necessity for accurate electrical measurements in acceptance tests of turbo-generator units, where an error of a fraction of one per cent may mean an error of thousands of dollars in penalty or bonus. Such tests must necessarily extend over a period of hours, and the load cannot be kept as constant as might be done with small machines in the laboratory. It is only natural, therefore, that those having to make such tests should turn to the watthour meter as a means of measuring the energy and hence the electrical power output. However, from information which has come to us, it appears that such use of watthour meters does not give results as consistent as can be had by the use of indicating wattmeters read at sufficiently frequent intervals. Nevertheless, the large amount of labor required for the latter procedure makes it desirable to bring up the performance of the watthour meter, if possible, to such a stage that it will be good enough for plant acceptance tests. The work done by Kinnard and Faus is an important step in this direction, and I hope they will continue their analysis of sources of meter errors and means for overcoming them.
Observations and analyses of dislocations and stacking faults in the massive γm phase in a quenched Ti–46.5 at.% Al alloy (1998)

The defect structures in the massively formed gamma (γm) grains in a Ti–46.5 at.% Al alloy, rapidly quenched from the high-temperature α-phase field, have been studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The results reveal that the defect structures are composed of dislocations, stacking faults and antiphase boundaries intimately associated with dislocations or stacking faults. Contrast analysis indicates that both 1/2<110] and 1/2<101] unit dislocations were present in γm phase, with the latter linked by highly curved non-conservative antiphase boundaries. Comparison of experimental and computer simulated TEM images established that wide stacking faults, which are created by the dissociations of 1/2〈101〉 unit dislocations, lie on {111} planes and are bound by b=1/6〈121〉 Shockley partial dislocations of all possible types. In addition, antiphase boundaries are found to commence or terminate on the stacking faults at the partial dislocations with b=1/6<121], but not those with b=1/6<112]. Based on the observations and subsequent analyses, a model for the formation of these defects—involving the occurrence of an intermediate disordered f.c.c. phase during the α→γm massive transformation—is proposed.
The Inhibitory Effects of Omega‐Conotoxins on Ca Channels and Synapses<sup>a</sup> (1989)

Omega conotoxins are peptides from snail venom. Two variants, omega CgTX and omega CmTX derived from two species of Conus, are the subjects of this report. Part I of this report reviews and discusses the ability of these toxins to inhibit Ca channels and synapses in different tissues from various species of animals. The potencies of these toxins vary depending on the target tissue, consonant with the notion that synaptic Ca channels have changed in the course of evolution. Part II introduces the notion that in contrast to inorganic Ca channel blockers, which act by reducing the amount of Ca2+ ions that can permeate an open channel, omega toxins act by reducing the availability of functional Ca channels. Thus, Ca channel-inhibition by omega toxins and that by inorganic blockers are expected to produce qualitatively different alterations in the distribution of intracellular Ca2+. Consistent with this expectation, the dose-response curves of inorganic blockers and omega CmTX differ. The dose-response curves of inorganic blockers are thought to reflect the cooperativity of Ca2+ ions in mediating transmitter release. In contrast, comparison of experimental and theoretical dose-response curves of omega CmTX leads us to propose the hypothesis that Ca channels normally do not act cooperatively to effect transmitter release.
Interaction of hementin with fibrinogen and fibrin (1991)

The giant Amazon leech Haementeria ghilianii manufactures blood anticoagulant which is present in the posterior and anterior salivary glands. The mechanism of blood anticoagulation by Haementeria ghilianii is completely different from that used by Hirudo medicinalis. The anticoagulant is mostly associated with a fibrinogen-degrading proteinase, hementin. However, other inhibitors of blood coagulation are also present in the salivary glands. The salivary gland extract inhibits platelet aggregation that is mostly attributable to the degradation of fibrinogen. Hementin purified by various methods has a molecular weight in the range of 80,000-120,000 and appears to be a metalloproteinase that is regulated by calcium ions. The enzyme degrades both fibrinogen and fibrin. The Michaelis constant for human fibrinogen is 1 microM. The cleavage of the isolated chains of fibrinogen is inefficient implying that the native conformation of the substrate may play a role in the recognition mechanism. The pattern of fibrinogen degradation by hementin resembles that caused by plasmin since products analogous to fragments Y, D and E are generated. However, the unique action of hementin on fibrinogen is in the initial proteolytic attack in the coiled-coil connector region while proteolysis of the alpha-chain is very slow. In consequence, unique fibrinogen fragments are formed that contain the entire COOH-terminus of the alpha-chain. The mechanism of blood anticoagulation by hementin is very efficient since the cleavage of only three peptide bonds in the fibrinogen molecule disassembles its bivalent structure and renders it non-functional.
A survey of formation of mobile agents (2010)

This paper presents a survey of formation of mobile agents, considering the significant interest in the topic. It is shown that formation problems consist of two sub-problems, i.e. the assignment of the local goals derived from the overall goal to agents and the stabilization of agents to achieve the local goals. Displacement-based and distance-based approaches are summarized and how two sub-problems are addressed in each approach is discussed. Future works in distance-based approach are given.
Emulator Express: A system for optimizing emulator performance for wireless networks (2000)

IBM eNetwork™ Emulator Express is an IBM program product that optimizes the operation of Telnet 3270 and 5250 emulation over extremely low-bandwidth networks. These optimizations enable mobile workers using laptops, notebooks, or other mobile devices to access legacy host applications effectively over wide-area wireless networks as well as low-bandwidth wireline modem connections. This paper describes how the Emulator Express system intercepts the data stream and optimizes it transparently to both the client emulator and the Telnet server. The optimizations include a new data stream caching technology, a new optimized protocol that reduces the number of Telnet negotiation flows, and traditional compression. The data streamcaching technology is particularly significant because it may be applied to other distributed application domains. The results of several performance experiments are reported that illustrate the improvements in data transport volume and response time when using Emulator Express.
Negative regulation of the major histocompatibility complex class I promoter in embryonal carcinoma cells. (1991)

Transcription of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I genes is negatively regulated in undifferentiated F9 mouse embryonal carcinoma cells via the conserved upstream regulatory region. This region contains constitutive enhancers and an inducible enhancer, the interferon consensus sequence (ICS), that is responsible for interferon-induced transcription. A series of mutations in the ICS, but not in the enhancer elements, resulted in an increase in expression of the MHC class I promoter in F9 cells. However, these ICS mutants did not increase promoter activity in F9 cells differentiated after retinoic acid treatment. Results of mobility-shift DNA-binding assays and methylation interference experiments showed that undifferentiated F9 cells contained a factor(s) that bound to a sequence within the 5' and central part of the ICS. This binding site, termed the MHC negative regulatory element (NRE), coincided with the site of mutations that increased promoter activity in F9 cells and was distinct from the element to which interferon-response factors bind. The factor(s) that binds to the MHC NRE was not detected in differentiated F9 cells treated with retinoic acid or in other cells expressing MHC class I genes. Finally, introduction of concatenated, double-stranded NRE oligomers, but not oligomers of unrelated sequences, into F9 cells abolished negative regulation of the MHC class I promoter activity, providing evidence that the NRE binding factor is responsible for repression of the MHC class I genes in F9 cells.
Simple, Efficient, and Selective Deprotection of Phenolic Methoxymethyl Ethers Using Silica-Supported Sodium Hydrogen Sulfate as a Heterogeneous Catalyst<sup>1</sup> (2003)

A simple and efficient method has been developed for chemoselective deprotection of phenolic methoxymethyl (MOM) ethers using silica-supported sodium hydrogen sulfate as a heterogeneous catalyst. The conversions occur at room temperature, and the yields of the deprotected phenols are excellent. The method is suitable for deprotection of phenolic MOM ethers of multifunctional bioactive natural products.
Induction of immunoglobulin isotype switching in cultured I.29 B lymphoma cells. Characterization of the accompanying rearrangements of heavy chain genes. (1985)

The murine B cell lymphoma I.29 contains cells expressing surface IgM or IgA with identical heavy chain variable regions (9, 25, and D. Klein and J. Stavnezer, unpublished data). Purified IgM+ cells from the lymphoma have been adapted to culture and induced to switch to IgA, IgE, or IgG2 by treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or by treatment with a monoclonal anti-I.29 antiidiotype plus LPS. Clones of IgM+ cells have been obtained and induced to switch. Under optimal conditions, 30% of the cells in the culture expressed IgA 8 d after the inducers were added, and by 15 d 90% of the cells were IgA+. In actively switching cultures, up to 50% of the cells whose cytoplasm stained positively with anti-IgA stained simultaneously with anti-IgM, which indicates that the appearance of IgA+ cells in the cultures was due to isotype switching and not to clonal outgrowth. Examination by Southern blotting experiments of the Ig heavy chain genes in I.29 cells before and after switching revealed that isotype switching was accompanied by DNA recombinations that occurred within or immediately 5' to the tandemly repeated switch sequences. Within 3 d after the addition of inducers of switching, the nonexpressed chromosome underwent a variety of deletions or expansions within the S mu region, and a portion of the S alpha regions had undergone a 0.9-kb deletion. In cultures that contained at least 12% IgA+ cells, rearranged, expressed alpha genes, produced by recombination between the S mu region within the expressed mu gene and the S alpha region, were detected.
Lures and Traps to Control Clothes Moths and Carpet Beetles (1940)

Journal Article Lures and Traps to Control Clothes Moths and Carpet Beetles Get access H. F. Wilson H. F. Wilson Dept. Econ. Entomology, University of Wisconsin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 33, Issue 4, 1 August 1940, Pages 651–653, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/33.4.651 Published: 01 August 1940