gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Independently Switchable Atomic Quantum Transistors by Reversible Contact Reconstruction (2008)

The controlled fabrication of actively switchable atomic-scale devices, in particular transistors, has remained elusive to date. Here, we explain the operation of an atomic-scale three-terminal device by a novel switching mechanism of bistable, self-stabilizing reconstruction of the electrode contacts at the atomic level: While the device is manufactured by electrochemical deposition, it operates entirely on the basis of mechanical effects of the solid-liquid interface. We analyze mechanically and thermally stable metallic junctions with a predefined quantized conductance of 1-5 G0 in experiment and atomistic simulation. Atomistic modeling of structural and conductance properties elucidates bistable electrode reconstruction as the underlying mechanism of the device. Independent room temperature operation of two transistors at low voltage demonstrates intriguing perspectives for quantum electronics and logics on the atomic scale.
Legal and institutional setting of martial arts and combat sports in Portugal (2012)

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; margin: 0cm 0cm 6pt;"><span style="mso-ansi-language: PT-BR;" lang="PT-BR"><span style="font-size: small;"><span style="font-family: Calibri;">No English abstract available</span></span></span></p>
Radiation effects on polypropylene/polybutylene blends (1993)

Polymer blends of polypropylene and polybutylene have been found to exhibit substantial maintenance of structural integrity after exposure to ionizing radiation. This radiation resistance has been found to be related to processing conditions and the resulting morphology of the blend. This article discusses (a) the processing conditions and the resulting mechanical properties after irradiation and (b) the role of morphology in this unexpected blend property.
A 12<sup>th</sup> order active-RC filter with automatic frequency tuning for DVB Tuner applications (2008)

A 12 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> order active-RC filter for DVB Tuner applications with automatic frequency tuning (AFT) is presented in this paper. The filter is implemented in Butterworth biquad structure. The AFT circuit is introduced to compensate the frequency variation by a 7-bits switched-capacitor array. The measurement results indicate that the precision of tuning circuit can be controlled less than plusmn2.3%, the in-band group delay variation is 70 ns, and the in-band IM3 achieves -60 dB with -27 dbm input power. This proposed filter circuit, fabricated in a SMIC 0.18 mum CMOS process, consumes 6 mA current with 1.8 V power supply.
Rat liver proteins capable of transferring phosphatidylethanolamine. Purification and transfer activity for other phospholipids and cholesterol. (1977)

Two proteins, one in a highly purified form, have been isolated from the soluble fraction of rat liver homogenate. These proteins accelerate the transfer of labeled phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol, sphingomyelin, and cholesterol from liposomes to mitochondria or erythrocyte ghosts. The fraction obtained after ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, ion-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose, ampholyte displacement chromatography, and heat treatment exhibited an 876-fold increase in its phosphatidylethanolamine transfer activity as compared with the postmitochondrial supernatant adjusted to pH 5.1. Isoelectric focusing on polyacrylamide gels shows a single band between pH 8.6 and 9.0. The transfer activity is abolished by trypsin, but withstands 5-min heating at 90 degrees. After heat treatment, a single major band is seen on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by two minor ones. The molecular weight of the major band is 12,500, as determined by electrophoresis on 15% polyacrylamide gels in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate. A molecular weight of 13,500 was calculated from molecular filtration through Sephadex G-50. The relative transfer activities toward the different phospholipids remain constant throughout the last three steps of the purification procedure in spite of the extensive change in the electrophoretic profile of the protein mixture. The cholesterol transfer activity remains unchanged after the final heat treatment as well. This indicates that all of the transfer activities are present in a single protein.
Semiquantitative Detection by Real-Time PCR of<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids and Tissue Biopsy Specimens from Patients with Invasive Aspergillosis (2003)

A real-time PCR method was developed and used to detect Aspergillus fumigatus mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluids and tissue biopsy specimens. The analytical sensitivity of the assay was one A. fumigatus conidium per reaction, and the assay was linear at least over 4 orders of magnitude above the detection limit. BAL fluids from 66 immunocompromised patients at risk of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) and 33 immunocompetent controls and tissue biopsy specimens from 10 immunocompromised patients were analyzed. The results were related to the clinical diagnosis established according to recently published consensus criteria. A. fumigatus mtDNA positivity was encountered in 16 of 81 (20%) BAL fluid specimens from patients at risk and 1 of 33 (3%) specimens from immunocompetent controls. PCRs were positive in six of seven, two of four, and four of five of the patients with proven, probable, and possible IPA, respectively, as well as in four patients at risk but without any other evidence of IPA. With qualitative detection, the diagnostic sensitivity of PCR was 73%, specificity was 93%, and predictive values of positive (PPV) and negative (NPV) results were 73 and 95%, respectively. Using a threshold cycle of <35 as a limit for positive PCR, the specificity and PPV of PCR in the diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis were 100%, but its sensitivity was only 45% and NPV was 92%. PCR was positive in tissue biopsy specimens from all patients with invasive aspergillosis caused by A. fumigatus. Semiquantitative detection of A. fumigatus mtDNA in BAL fluid may be helpful in the diagnosis of IPA. PCR is well suited for the verification of the presence of A. fumigatus in tissue biopsy specimens.
Next-Generation Systemic Acquired Resistance     (2011)

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is a plant immune response to pathogen attack. Recent evidence suggests that plant immunity involves regulation by chromatin remodeling and DNA methylation. We investigated whether SAR can be inherited epigenetically following disease pressure by Pseudomonas syringae pv tomato DC3000 (PstDC3000). Compared to progeny from control-treated Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana; C(1)), progeny from PstDC3000-inoculated Arabidopsis (P(1)) were primed to activate salicylic acid (SA)-inducible defense genes and were more resistant to the (hemi)biotrophic pathogens Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis and PstDC3000. This transgenerational SAR was sustained over one stress-free generation, indicating an epigenetic basis of the phenomenon. Furthermore, P(1) progeny displayed reduced responsiveness of jasmonic acid (JA)-inducible genes and enhanced susceptibility to the necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola. This shift in SA- and JA-dependent gene responsiveness was not associated with changes in corresponding hormone levels. Instead, chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses revealed that SA-inducible promoters of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED GENE1, WRKY6, and WRKY53 in P(1) plants are enriched with acetylated histone H3 at lysine 9, a chromatin mark associated with a permissive state of transcription. Conversely, the JA-inducible promoter of PLANT DEFENSIN1.2 showed increased H3 triple methylation at lysine 27, a mark related to repressed gene transcription. P(1) progeny from the defense regulatory mutant non expressor of PR1 (npr1)-1 failed to develop transgenerational defense phenotypes, demonstrating a critical role for NPR1 in expression of transgenerational SAR. Furthermore, the drm1drm2cmt3 mutant that is affected in non-CpG DNA methylation mimicked the transgenerational SAR phenotype. Since PstDC3000 induces DNA hypomethylation in Arabidopsis, our results suggest that transgenerational SAR is transmitted by hypomethylated genes that direct priming of SA-dependent defenses in the following generations.
Requirement for the Enzymes Acetoacetyl Coenzyme A Synthetase and Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB) Synthase for Growth of <i>Sinorhizobium meliloti</i> on PHB Cycle Intermediates (2000)

We have identified two Sinorhizobium meliloti chromosomal loci affecting the poly-3-hydroxybutyrate degradation pathway. One locus was identified as the gene acsA, encoding acetoacetyl coenzyme A (acetoacetyl-CoA) synthetase. Analysis of the acsA nucleotide sequence revealed that this gene encodes a putative protein with a molecular weight of 72,000 that shows similarity to acetyl-CoA synthetase in other organisms. Acetyl-CoA synthetase activity was not affected in cell extracts of glucose-grown acsA::Tn5 mutants; instead, acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase activity was drastically reduced. These findings suggest that acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase, rather than CoA transferase, activates acetoacetate to acetoacetyl-CoA in the S. meliloti poly-3-hydroxybutyrate cycle. The second locus was identified as phbC, encoding poly-3-hydroxybutyrate synthase, and was found to be required for synthesis of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate deposits.
Gold/tin soldering of flexible silicon chips onto polymer tapes (2008)

A novel method for biocompatible gold/tin soldering of ultrathin silicon chips onto flexible polyimide tapes is presented. Apart from substantial weight and volume reductions, flexible silicon chips enable the fabrication of flexible microsystems with the advantage of good adaptability to the geometry of the place of use. Silicon chips with thicknesses between 16 and 25 µm were fabricated and bonded onto 5 µm thick polyimide tapes using eutectic Au80Sn20 solder. The contact resistance per bond was of the order of 1 mΩ. A finite element method (FEM) model predicts deformations in the soldered system with an accuracy of ±13%.
Innovative Measures for Subsurface Chromium Remediation: Source Zone, Concentrated Plume, and Dilute Plume (1997)

Civil Engineering and Environmental Science and Institute for Applied Surfactant Research, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019 3 Subsurface Protection and Remediation Division, National Risk Management Research Laboratory, ORD, U.S. EPA, Ada, OK 74820 Innovative Measures for Subsurface Chromium Remediation: Source Zone, Concentrated Plume, and Dilute Plume
Aminooxy Pluronics:  Synthesis and Preparation of Glycosaminoglycan Adducts (2006)

Novel biomaterials have been prepared in which glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are chemically modified to create amphiphilic multiblock copolymers that are able to adhere to hydrophobic surfaces and can self-assemble into cross-linker-free hydrogels. First, the triblock poly(ethylene oxide)-polypropylene oxide copolymers (Pluronics) were converted into the previously unknown aminooxy (AO) derivatives. Both mono-AO and bis-AO Pluronics (AOPs) were synthesized and fully characterized in order to prepare tetrablock and pentablock copolymers, respectively. Second, the AOPs were coupled to the uronic acid carboxylates of heparin (HP) and hyaluronic acid (HA) using carbodiimide chemistry in order to give the previously undescribed amidooxy GAG derivatives. The coupling chemistry was confirmed using a newly prepared fluorescent AO reagent. Third, AOP-heparin and AOP-fluorescently labeled heparin were shown to adsorb efficiently to polystyrene surfaces, as determined by IL-8 based ELISA and fluorescence measurements, respectively. Fourth, AOP-linked fluorescently labeled HA was shown to adsorb efficiently to plastic surfaces. Finally, three different AOPs were evaluated for self-assembling hydrogel formation by AOP-HA pentablock polymers. In short, AOP-GAG adducts are semisynthetic amphiphilic biomacromolecules that offer a range of valuable practical opportunities for surface modification, preparation of cross-linker-free hydrogels, and formation of self-assembling mimics of the extracellular matrix.
Variation in Wild Proso Millet (<i>Panicum miliaceum</i>) Fecundity in Sweet Corn Has Residual Effects in Snap Bean (2007)

Bioeconomic models are predicated upon the relationship between weed fecundity and crop yield loss in consecutive growing seasons, yet this phenomenon has received few empirical tests. Residual effects of wild proso millet (WPM) fecundity in sweet corn upon WPM seedling recruitment, weed management efficacy, and crop yield within a subsequent snap bean crop were investigated with field experiments in Urbana, IL, in 2005 and 2006. WPM fecundity in sweet corn showed strong positive associations with WPM seedbank density, seedling recruitment, and demographic transitions within snap bean. A negative exponential relationship between WPM initial seedling density and seedling survival of a single rotary hoe pass indicated that the rotary hoe was ineffective at low weed population densities, but its efficacy increased with increasing weed population density to a maximum of 75% seedling mortality. Efficacy of postemergent chemical control of WPM was unaffected by WPM population density. Path analysis models demonstrated dependence between WPM fecundity in sweet corn, WPM seedling recruitment in snap bean, and reductions in snap bean yield in subsequent growing season, mediated by negative impacts of WPM seedling establishment on snap bean stand. These results underscore the importance of expanding integrated weed management programs to include management of annual weed populations both at the end of their life cycle, by reducing fecundity and seed survival, and at the very beginning of their life cycle, by reducing seedling recruitment and establishment.
[Reflections on spiritual management in the nursing profession]. (2008)

Facing dramatic change in modern society, people have to keep pace with their work and with competition. They may enter a state of exhaustion after a period of time. Leaders usually apply spiritual management to their organizations, for the direct purpose of reinforcing their employees' states of mind, and the indirect purpose of enhancing the organization's efficiency. Through a review of literature on scholars' views on spiritual management and organizations' achievements with spiritual management, this article offers suggestions for the application of spiritual management in clinical nursing and the nursing education system. The authors hope that it might serve as a reference in the development of spiritual management in our nursing professional organizations.
Automated User Interface Generation Involving Field Classification (2017)

Software applications are designed with a concrete purpose in mind, specified by business owners basing on the individual requirements. The user-system interaction is specified in the analysis phase. This phase specifies inputs, outputs, interaction, etc. These elements could be specified separately based on the target platform. The designers know that the mobile clients could have a different application flow than desktop clients. However, this is not a rule and designer rarely think about the user context or application. This implies that outputs, inputs and interactions do not change automatically during the software lifecycle. In this paper we present techniques that can determine whether the user, which is in a particular context, should be required to spend his/her time to fill in fields that are not needed for accomplishing a specific business task. Moreover, these techniques are able to determine whether the fields should display or not, as well as how the system might interact with the user. Next, we present a computational architecture capable of these types of determinations and we demonstrate this technique in case study. Finally, we show how automatically combine user interface generation with our approach.
Abdominal Intratesticular Islet-Xenograft Survival in Rats (1989)

We investigated the survival of islet xenografts in the abdominal testes of normal, diabetes-resistant ACl and Wistar-Lewis (W-L) and in diabetes-prone BB/Wor rats. Islets were isolated from hamster donors, and after a period in tissue culture, they were injected into the abdominal testes of diabetic rats. Postoperatively, the rats were divided into two treatment groups. Four ACl rats received antilymphocyte serum (ALS) injections over a period of 30 days, and 13 ACl, 15 W-L, and 13 BB/Wor rats were given cyclosporin (CsA) according to the following regimen: 25 mg/kg i.p. for 7 days, then 7 mg/kg i.p. for 23 days. On day 30, immunosuppression was stopped. The results showed that none of the ALS-treated ACl rats remained normoglycemic for greater than 9 days. However, CsA therapy resulted in an extended mean duration of normoglycemia in the ACl and W-L rats of 160.0 +/- 36.0 and 131.0 +/- 31 days, respectively. By contrast, the mean duration of normoglycemia in the BB/Wor rats was 33.0 +/- 4.0 days. Furthermore, all of the BB/Wor rats reverted to diabetes after CsA was stopped. Therefore, the concomitant administration of an antigenic islet xenograft with CsA led to a state of unresponsiveness only in diabetes-resistant but not in diabetes-prone rats. Because the BB/Wor rats have demonstrable T-lymphocyte dysfunction, they may be unable to generate the CsA-induced suppressor T-lymphocytes required for the long-term acceptance of the graft by the host.
A New Method for Hemorrhoid Surgery: Experimental Model of Diode Laser Application in Monkeys (2008)

The diode laser energy delivered into the hemorrhoids led to their complete resolution. Further clinical trials using this protocol must be carried out to determine its applicability to human hemorrhoids.
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF TWO‐DIMENSIONAL DIGITAL FILTERING * (1973)

A bstract The geophysicist involved in the analysis of two‐dimensional data should have an understanding of the two‐dimensional finite Fourier transform and the mechanics of two‐dimensional filtering. Frequency aliasing must be considered when working with sampled data. In two dimensions it is advantageous to consider aliasing in terms of the overlap of the repeating spectra inherent in the finite Fourier transform. Two‐dimensional filtering can be performed as a transient convolution in the space domain, as cyclic convolution utilizing the frequency domain or as the multiplication of polynomials using the z ‐transform. If the “edge” effects are removed, the results of the three methods are identical.
Numerical Backprojection in the Inverse 3D Radon Transform (1987)

In this paper we study the error caused by numerically approximating the integral over the sphere in three dimensions as part of Radon’s inversion formula. Using special functions we demonstrate that, if suitable filters in the first reconstruction step — differenciation of order two — are used, essential errors are produced only outside the region of interest. The directions needed in measuring the data fulfil also another requirement, they guarantee optimal resolution in the reconstruction.
Joint Estimation of Clock Skew and Offset in Pairwise Broadcast Synchronization Mechanism (2013)

The problem of jointly estimating clock skew and offset for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) in a pairwise broadcast synchronization (PBS) protocol is considered. The random part of the delay is supposed to be an exponential random variable. We consider two estimators, i.e., joint maximum-likelihood estimator (JMLE) and generalized ML-like estimator (GMLLE) proposed by Leng and Wu . For both estimators, the corresponding algorithms are explicitly derived and presented. For the GMLLE, the corresponding performance bound based on the reduced set of observations is derived and the optimal value of a user-defined parameter is identified accordingly. At last, analytical results are corroborated by numerical experiments. We observe that: (i) JMLE usually outperforms GMLLE at the cost of larger computational complexity; (ii) JMLE, while achieving the same estimation accuracy as that of the LP method presented in , enjoys significantly lower computational complexity than that of the latter.
Ambient oxygen ingress rate method—an alternative method to Ox‐Tran for measuring oxygen transmission rate of whole packages (2000)

Abstract The ambient oxygen ingress rate method (AOIR) is an alternative method to Ox‐Tran for measuring the oxygen transmission rates (OTR) of whole packages. The objective of the present work was (a) to compare OTR values obtained by the two methods, and (b) to evaluate the use of the AOIR method for measuring OTR at realistic food storage temperatures and humidity levels. The AOIR method gave equal OTR values compared to the Ox‐Tran method for the five different types of whole packages used in the experiment, with OTR values in the range 0.06–1.48 ml O 2 /day. The repeatability of the AOIR method measured on an HDPE bottle was ±2.6% of the measured value in this experiment. This is slightly higher than the general specifications of the Ox‐Tran method (1% of reading for packages). However, the AOIR method can be considered to be a reliable, precise and cheap alternative method to the Ox‐Tran method for measuring OTR of whole packages. The capacity of the method is also high. The AOIR method showed satisfactory results when comparing OTR for packages tested under realistic food storage conditions covering 23°C/50% relative humidity (RH) and at 4°C/60% RH on the outside, combined with water (100% RH) or dry air inside the packages. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Design-space exploration of backplane receivers with high-speed ADCs and digital equalization (2009)

High-speed backplane receivers based on front-end ADCs with digital equalization facilitate design reuse, portability, and flexibility to reconfigure itself and accommodate different channel environments. However, power and complexity of such receivers can be high and require thorough high-level exploration to optimize design tradeoffs. This paper presents a backplane receiver model consisting of a simple, accurate, experimentally-verified, and parameterized high-speed flash ADC and a configurable digital equalizer for design-space exploration. Simulations demonstrate tradeoffs between ADC and equalizer bit resolution while maintaining constant receiver performance.
Active optimal vibration control using dynamic absorber (2002)

A typical spring-lumped mass system undergoing forced vibrations is discussed. A secondary absorber mass connected to the main system through an active force generating element (such as a piezoelectric pusher) is considered as a viable means of suppressing vibrations of the system. State variable techniques are used to formulate the complete system, and optimal state feedback control is studied for such a system. Two approaches for optimal control are taken. First, an optimal control law for a system with known disturbance is considered, while in the second approach optimal control for a linear quadratic regulator problem is studied. The response of the system obtained with optimal control is compared with the response under no control. The results obtained from the two approaches of optimal control are then compared. The results are also compared with those obtained from a previous study of an active dynamic absorber.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>