gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Induction of an Antigen-Specific CTL Response by a Conformationally Biased Agonist of Human C5a Anaphylatoxin as a Molecular Adjuvant (2000)

A conformationally biased decapeptide agonist of human C5a anaphylatoxin (YSFKPMPLaR) was used as a molecular adjuvant in stimulating an Ag-specific CTL response against murine P815S target cells expressing an Ld-restricted CTL epitope of the hepatitis B surface Ag (HBsAg). Groups of BALB/c mice (H-2d) were immunized with aqueous solutions of the HBsAg CTL epitopes (IPQSLDSWWTSL and IPQSLDSWWTSLRR); the C5a agonist (YSFKPMPLaR); the C5a agonist and HBsAg CTL epitopes admixed (IPQSLDSWWTSL and IPQSLDSWWTSLRR + YSFKPMPLaR); the C5a-active, HBsAg CTL epitope-C5a agonist constructs (IPQSLDSWWTSLYSFKPMPLaR, IPQSLDSWWTSLRRYSFKPMPLaR, and IPQSLDSWWTSLRVRRYSFPMPLaR); a C5a-inactive, reverse-moiety construct (YSFKPMPLaRRRIPQSLDSWWTSL); and a C5a-attenuated, carboxyl-terminal-blocked construct (IPQSLDSWWTSLRRYSFKPMPLaRG). Ag-specific CD8+ CTL responses were observed after the secondary boost in the absence of any added adjuvant only in mice that were immunized with C5a-active contructs, IPQSLDSWWTSLRRYSFKPMPLaR and IPQSLDSWWTSLRVRRYSFKPMPLaR. These two C5a-active immunogens contained potential subtilisin-sensitive linker sequences between the HBsAg CTL epitope and the C5a agonist; i.e., a double-Arg (RR) and a furin protease sensitive sequence (RVRR). The introduction of these potentially cleavable sequences may be a method of increasing the likelihood of liberating the CTL epitope from the C5a agonist by intracellular proteases, thereby facilitating entry of the epitope into Ag-processing pathways via an exogenous route.
A Novel Method of Measuring Fat Content in Soybean Milk Based on Y-Type Optical Fiber Sensor (2014)

Abstract A new method of measuring fat content in soybean milk at room temperature (25°C) based on the Y-type optical fiber sensor is presented. The measurement system consists of a light source, Y-type optical fiber sensor, detector, thermoelectric cooler (TEC), preamplifier, second-level amplifier, A/D converter, and microprocessor. Based on the Mie theory, the diffuse reflection light intensity is adopted as the optical parameter representing the fat content in soybean milk. In this way the standard model of the system was established based on the diffuse reflection light intensity (the output voltage) of 40 soybean milk samples with different fat content. A prediction was also made to verify the measurement accuracy of the system (the prediction errors are within ±3 % of results). Results of this study indicate the feasibility of using this technology for soybean milk fat analysis that is suitable for the milk laboratory or field analysis.
SemiBoost: Boosting for Semi-Supervised Learning (2008)

Semi-supervised learning has attracted a significant amount of attention in pattern recognition and machine learning. Most previous studies have focused on designing special algorithms to effectively exploit the unlabeled data in conjunction with labeled data. Our goal is to improve the classification accuracy of any given supervised learning algorithm by using the available unlabeled examples. We call this as the Semi-supervised improvement problem, to distinguish the proposed approach from the existing approaches. We design a metasemi-supervised learning algorithm that wraps around the underlying supervised algorithm and improves its performance using unlabeled data. This problem is particularly important when we need to train a supervised learning algorithm with a limited number of labeled examples and a multitude of unlabeled examples. We present a boosting framework for semi-supervised learning, termed as SemiBoost. The key advantages of the proposed semi-supervised learning approach are: 1) performance improvement of any supervised learning algorithm with a multitude of unlabeled data, 2) efficient computation by the iterative boosting algorithm, and 3) exploiting both manifold and cluster assumption in training classification models. An empirical study on 16 different data sets and text categorization demonstrates that the proposed framework improves the performance of several commonly used supervised learning algorithms, given a large number of unlabeled examples. We also show that the performance of the proposed algorithm, SemiBoost, is comparable to the state-of-the-art semi-supervised learning algorithms.
Genomic Diversity and Differentiation among Phytoplasma Strains in 16S rRNA Groups I (Aster Yellows and Related Phytoplasmas) and III (X-Disease and Related Phytoplasmas) (1996)

Conserved gene sequences, including 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene sequences, were used to evaluate genetic variations in phytoplasma strains belonging to 16S rRNA groups I (aster yellows and related phytoplasmas) and III (X-disease and related phytoplasmas). We used PCR to amplify the sequences of the 16S ribosomal DNA and a segment of the ribosomal protein gene operon (encoding the 3' region of rps19, all of rp122, and rps3) from diverse phytoplasma group I and III strains. Additional chromosomal gene sequences of group I strains were also amplified. The PCR products amplified from members of each group of phytoplasmas were compared by performing restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses. On the basis of the RFLP patterns observed and similarity coefficients derived from combined RFLP analyses, the phytoplasma strains belonging to groups I and III were placed in distinct 16S rRNA, ribosomal protein, and 16S rRNA-ribosomal protein subgroups. Analyses of two or more conserved gene sequences revealed that members of the two groups were more diverse than previously thought. Subgroup differentiation on the basis of our combined analyses of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein gene sequences seemed to adequately reflect the levels of chromosomal homology determined by DNA-DNA hybridization assays. On the basis of unique RFLP profiles, we identified new, previously unclassified group I phytoplasma strains, including the organisms that are associated with Ipomoea obscura witches'-broom [subgroup 16SrI-F(rr-rp)], maize bushy stunt [subgroup 16SrI-I(rr-rp)], and Mexican periwinkle virescence [subgroup 16SrI-J(rr-rp)], and new, previously unclassified group III phytoplasma strains, including the organism that is associated with pecan bunch [subgroup 16SrIII-H(rr-rp)]. On the basis of the results of our analyses of 16S rRNA and ribosomal protein conserved gene sequences, we recognized 9 group I subgroups and eight group III subgroups. We propose that phytoplasma strains belonging to each group I and III subgroup should be distinguished taxonomically at a level equivalent to the subspecies level.
Electrical activity increases growth cone calcium but fails to inhibit neurite outgrowth from rat sympathetic neurons (1992)

Previous studies have shown that the growth of axons from both mouse dorsal root ganglion neurons and Helisoma neurons is arrested when the cells are electrically stimulated (Cohan and Kater, 1986; Fields et al., 1990a). Furthermore, in the case of Helisoma neurons, this arrest has been attributed to a rise in the calcium concentration in the growth cones (Cohan et al., 1987). To test the generality of these results, we examined the response of cultured rat superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons to electrical stimulation and changes in cytoplasmic calcium. Suprathreshold electrical stimulation of SCG neurons at 10 Hz by extracellular patch electrodes for periods of up to 1 hr had no measurable effect on their rate of growth. In agreement with previous studies, electrical stimulation was accompanied by a rise in the internal calcium concentration: when measured by the fluorescence of fura-2, growth cone calcium levels rose from about 100 nM to greater than 500 nM and then settled to a plateau value of about 350 nM. Despite this increase, however, growth of SCG neurons' processes continued. Our results show that electrical activity is not a universal signal for neurons to stop growing and that a rise in internal calcium does not always arrest the migration of growth cones.
Thermal Expansion of MWCNT-reinforced Copper Composite (2007)

Multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-reinforced copper composite was fabricated by a novel method, which involves solution phase synthesis of MWCNT-implanted cuprous oxide composite spheres, formation of MWCNT/copper composite spheres after reduction in H2 atmosphere and preparation of the MWCNT/copper bulk with vacuum hot pressing. The SEM images of the fracture surfaces indicate that MWCNTs are homogeneously dispersed in the composite and bonded to the matrix. In addition, the thermal expansion of the composites with various MWCNT contents (0%, 1% and 5%, mass fraction) were investigated. The coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) decreases with increasing MWCNT content, which are all much lower than that of pure copper.
The International Limits and Population at Risk of Plasmodium vivax Transmission in 2009 (2010)

After more than a century of development and control, P. vivax remains more widely distributed than P. falciparum and is a potential cause of morbidity and mortality amongst the 2.85 billion people living at risk of infection, the majority of whom are in the tropical belt of CSE Asia. The probability of infection is reduced massively across Africa by the frequency of the Duffy negative trait, but transmission does occur on the continent and is a concern for Duffy positive locals and travellers. The final map provides the spatial limits on which the endemicity of P. vivax transmission can be mapped to support future cartographic-based burden estimations.
A Image Retrieval Method Using TFIDF Based Weighting Scheme (2008)

In this paper, we propose a retrieval method using textual information retrieval techniques, such as vector space model, for images. Recently, many image retrieval systems are proposed. However, these systems are mainly based on pattern recognition techniques. Therefore, the features of images are also based on these recognition techniques, such as color histogram, and shape of the object in images. Generally, these systems do not consider weight of features, which means how important these features are, which are generally used in textual information retrieval systems. In this paper, we propose a method considering weight, such as TFIDF, to identify the importance degree of features. Using our proposed method, the system can retrieve intuitively similar retrieval target images to user's query images.
Aerodynamic Force Measurement of Highly Spinning Golf Ball in Uniform Flow and Trajectory Experiment (2004)

A device to rotate a real golf ball at a maximum of 10 000 rpm in the wind with a maximum speed of 80 m/s was developed. Aerodynamic forces and torque acting on the ball were measured under various flight conditions in a wind tunnel flow. As a result, it was found that drag, lift, and torque coefficients under the real conditions depended on the spin parameter but were independent of the Reynolds number. Using the measured aerodynamic force coefficients and a ball initial condition measured by ejection experiments, mathematical calculation of trajectory equation was made by time integral calculus. Ejection experiments were conducted by a robot. The correctness of the trajectory analysis and measured aerodynamic force was verified by comparing the calculated results with measured results.
Kinetic limitations of a bioelectrochemical electrode using carbon nanotube‐attached glucose oxidase for biofuel cells (2009)

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been used for various bioelectrochemical applications, presumably for substantial improvement in performance. However, often only moderate results observed, with many governing factors have been considered and suggested yet without much systematic evaluation and verification. In this study, CNT-supported glucose oxidase (CNT-GOx) was examined in the presence of 1,4-benzoquinone (BQ). The intrinsic Michaelis parameters of the reaction catalyzed by CNT-GOx were found very close to those of native GOx. However, the Nafion entrapment of CNT-GOx for an electrode resulted in a much lower activity due to the limited availability of the embedded enzyme. Interestingly, kinetic studies revealed that the biofuel cell employing such an enzyme electrode only generated a power density equivalent to <40% of the reaction capability of the enzyme on electrode. It appeared to us that factors such as electron and proton transfer resistances can be more overwhelming than the heterogeneous reaction kinetics in limiting the power generation of such biofuel cells.
ERG Protein Expression in Human Tumors Detected With a Rabbit Monoclonal Antibody (2012)

Avian v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog (ERG) is highly sensitive and specific for endothelial neoplasms and specific for prostate carcinoma. We characterized a rabbit anti-ERG antibody as an immunohistochemical agent to detect ERG expression in various tumors using tissue microarrays with a wide array of epithelial and mesenchymal tumors. ERG was positive in 63 (38%) of 168 prostate carcinomas and negative in all other epithelial tumors. ERG was positive in all 125 vascular lesions. It was also positive in the sarcomatoid component of a high-grade urothelial carcinoma and 6 (40%) of 15 meningiomas. Twelve (80%) of 15 meningiomas were positive for Fli1, including all 6 ERG-positive cases. Positive immunostaining with this antibody is therefore highly specific for prostate carcinoma and vascular lesions, with a few caveats. ERG is rarely detected in nonvascular mesenchymal tumors with this antibody. Furthermore, about 40% of meningiomas are also positive for ERG immunohistochemically, probably because of cross-reactivity with Fli1.
Unconditionally Secure Asynchronous Multiparty Computation with Linear Communication Complexity. (2012)

Unconditionally secure multiparty computation (MPC) allows a set of n mutually distrusting parties to securely compute an agreed function f over some finite field in the presence of a computationally unbounded adversary, who can actively corrupt any t out of the n parties. Designing an asynchronous MPC (AMPC) protocol with a communication complexity of O(n) field elements per multiplication gate is a long standing open problem. We solve the open problem by presenting two AMPC protocols with the corruption threshold t &lt; n/4. Our first protocol is statistically secure (i.e. involves a negligible error in the protocol outcome) in a completely asynchronous setting and improves the communication complexity of the previous best AMPC protocol in the same setting by a factor of Θ(n). Our second protocol is perfectly secure (i.e. error free) in a hybrid setting, where one round of communication is assumed to be synchronous and improves the communication complexity of the previous best AMPC protocol in the hybrid setting by a factor of Θ(n 2). Starting with the seminal work of Beaver (CRYPTO 1991), it is by now a well-known technique to evaluate multiplication gates in an MPC protocol using shared random multiplication triples. The central contribution common to both the presented protocols is a new and simple framework for generating shared random multiplication triples. All the existing protocols approach the problem by first producing shared pairs of random values, followed by computing
Real-Time Estimation of 3-D Needle Shape and Deflection for MRI-Guided Interventions (2010)

We describe a MRI-compatible biopsy needle instrumented with optical fiber Bragg gratings for measuring bending deflections of the needle as it is inserted into tissues. During procedures, such as diagnostic biopsies and localized treatments, it is useful to track any tool deviation from the planned trajectory to minimize positioning errors and procedural complications. The goal is to display tool deflections in real time, with greater bandwidth and accuracy than when viewing the tool in MR images. A standard 18 ga × 15 cm inner needle is prepared using a fixture, and 350-<i>μ</i>m-deep grooves are created along its length. Optical fibers are embedded in the grooves. Two sets of sensors, located at different points along the needle, provide an estimate of the bent profile, as well as temperature compensation. Tests of the needle in a water bath showed that it produced no adverse imaging artifacts when used with the MR scanner.
Improved Synthesis of Trinucleotide Phosphoramidites and Generation of Randomized Oligonucleotide Libraries (2007)

A new method to produce a set of 20 high quality trinucleotide phosphoramidites on a 5-10 g scale each was developed. The procedure starts with condensation reactions of P-components with N-acyl nucleosides, bearing the 3 '-hydroxyl function protected with 2-azidomethylbenzoyl, to give fully protected dinucleoside phosphates 13. Upon cleavage of dimethoxytrityl group from 13, dinucleoside phosphates 16 are initially transformed into trinucleoside diphosphates 19 and then the 2-azidomethylbenzoyl is selectively removed under neutral conditions to generate trinucleoside diphosphates 5 in excellent yield. Subsequent 3 '-phosphitylation affords target trinucleotide phosphoramidites 7. When mutagenic oligonucleotides are synthesized employing mixtures of building blocks 7 as well as following the new synthetic protocol, representative oligonucleotide libraries are generated in good yields.
Microarray technology and gene expression analysis for the study of angiogenesis (2002)

Angiogenesis plays a major role in multiple disease processes including cancer, and new agents that modulate angiogenesis are rapidly entering clinical trials. The understanding of the biological mechanisms and downstream effects for many of these agents is poorly understood. It is therefore important that methods evolve to understand how an agent regulates angiogenesis, in order to promote a higher percentage of successful drug candidates. With the emergence of microarray technology for the evaluation of gene expression, researchers have a powerful tool for dissecting the biological mechanisms of angiogenesis. However, huge data sets and complex statistics pose a hurdle for the investigator to obtain useful and meaningful data. To eliminate problems in data analysis, proper design and planning prior to performing a microarray experiment is crucial to making valid conclusions. This review will discuss the critical factors in designing, performing and analysing microarray experiments, and the utility of various models of angiogenesis for microarray analysis.
Complexity of Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Signal Processing (2013)

Our knowledge of molecular mechanisms of receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) signaling advances with ever-increasing pace. Yet our understanding of how the spatiotemporal dynamics of RTK signaling control specific cellular outcomes has lagged behind. Systems-centered experimental and computational approaches can help reveal how overlapping networks of signal transducers downstream of RTKs orchestrate specific cell-fate decisions. We discuss how RTK network regulatory structures, which involve the immediate posttranslational and delayed transcriptional controls by multiple feed forward and feedback loops together with pathway cross talk, adapt cells to the combinatorial variety of external cues and conditions. This intricate network circuitry endows cells with emerging capabilities for RTK signal processing and decoding. We illustrate how mathematical modeling facilitates our understanding of RTK network behaviors by unraveling specific systems properties, including bistability, oscillations, excitable responses, and generation of intricate landscapes of signaling activities.
Comparison of haemoglobin H inclusion bodies with embryonic zeta globin in screening for alpha thalassaemia. (1995)

The immunocytochemical test is as sensitive as the HbH inclusion test in screening for alpha thalassaemia. The presence of zeta chains is highly specific for alpha thalassaemia 1 incorporating the (--/SEA) deletion. The specificity and simplicity of the immunocytochemical test make it the test of choice in screening for alpha thalassaemia.
New Extended Life Water-Lubricated Bearings, Using a High Performance Polymer Alloy (2000)

There is an urgent need for new, longer-lived cost-effective water-lubricated marine rudder and main propulsion shaft bearings. This paper describes a new bearing design, called Super Demountable, which promises to fulfill the need to exceed 15 years life by reducing bearing and shaft wear. The new bearing makes use of a new polymer alloy (NPA) that exhibits low wear itself and also near. zero shaft wear in abrasive-laden water. Wear of NPA and the friction torque are both reduced when the radial load is increased, resulting in L/D ratios of 2 or less. Rubber staves lock the NPA load-carrying staves in place in the new bearings, resulting in simplified (lower cost) housings.
Comparison on maximum-likelihood sequence estimation schemes incorporating carrier phase estimation (1999)

This paper compares the following two maximum likelihood sequence estimation schemes incorporating carrier phase estimation for coded MPSK: (1) the respective-state channel estimation and (2) the multiple differential detection. This paper confirms by analysis and computer simulation that both schemes have similar performance in the absence of intersymbol interference.
Comparison of reverse transcription-PCR with tissue culture and other rapid diagnostic assays for detection of type A influenza virus (1996)

We applied a reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay for influenza A virus to combined nasal wash-throat swab specimens previously obtained from an outpatient pediatric population with acute respiratory illness during concurrent epidemics of influenza A virus and respiratory syncytial virus. The results of the RT-PCR assay were compared with those previously reported with virus cultivation and commercially available rapid diagnostic kits (E.A. Dominguez, L.H. Taber, and R.B. Couch, J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:2286-2290, 1993). With virus cultivation as the "gold standard", the RT-PCR assay had a sensitivity, specificity, and efficiency of 95, 98, and 97%, respectively, compared with 75, 100, and 93%, respectively, for the best diagnostic kit (Becton Dickinson Directigen). RT-PCR is an effective alternative to virus isolation for the detection of influenza A virus in clinical specimens.
Dialogue on the Relations of Genetics and Experimental Embryology to Neoplasia (1938)

Dialogue on the Relations of Genetics and Experimental Embryology to Neoplasia Get access C. C. Little, C. C. Little Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Stanley P. Reimann Stanley P. Reimann Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 8, Issue 2, 1 March 1938, Pages 109–119, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/8.2.109 Published: 12 November 2015 Article history Received: 01 November 1937 Published: 12 November 2015
Factors for Success in Online and Face-to-Face Instruction. (Online Instruction) (2001)

This study compared academic achievement between undergraduate students in an introductory nutrition course online and students taking the same course in a large-class lecture format. Using a quasi-experimental research design, two instructional treatments (online, [N=35] and large-class lecture instruction [N=434J) were applied to two groups of students and their achievement was measured by a pretest and posttest of nutrition knowledge as well as final course grade. No significant differences in posttest scores (nutrition knowledge) were found. When data were partitioned for age, however, older students taking the online course had significantly higher final course grad.es than both their younger online and all large-class lecture counterparts. Online course participation was found to be related to student's pretest knowledge, posttest scores, and age.