gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The hypoalgesic effect of imipramine in different human experimental pain models (1995)

In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, cross-over study, the hypoalgesic effect of a single oral dose of 100 mg imipramine was investigated in 12 healthy volunteers. Test procedures performed before, 3, 6, and 9 h after medication included determination of (1) pain detection and tolerance thresholds to heat and pressure; (2) the thresholds of quadriceps femoris muscle withdrawal reflex to single and repeated electric stimulation of the sural nerve; (3) amplitude of the reflex evoked by 1.5 times the premedication reflex threshold; and (4) continuous pain rating during the cold pressor test. Imipramine significantly increased pain tolerance thresholds to heat (P = 0.03) and pressure (P = 0.01), and both the psychophysical pain tolerance threshold and the reflex threshold to single electric stimulation (P = 0.02 and P = 0.03, respectively). On the repeated stimuli, which consisted of 4 pulses given at 3 Hz, imipramine induced a significant increase in the threshold at which the pain summated through the stimulation series (P = 0.03), whereas the increase in the threshold at which the reflex summated was not significant (P = 0.09). Pain detection thresholds to heat and pressure, the amplitude of the reflex to single suprathreshold stimulation, and pain ratings during the cold pressor test were unaltered by imipramine. It is concluded that imipramine has a differential hypoalgesic effect on different human experimental pain tests. This provides new possibilities of assessing the differential effect of different tricyclic antidepressants on different pain modalities and intensities.
Foundations of object-oriented languages: types and semantics (2002)

In recent years, object-oriented programming has emerged as the dominant computer programming style, and object-oriented languages such as C++ and Java enjoy wide use in academic and industry. This text explores the formal underpinnings of object-oriented languages to help the reader understand the fundamental concepts of these languages and the design decisions behind them.
Inhibitory neurotransmission regulates vagal efferent activity and gastric motility (2016)

The gastrointestinal tract receives extrinsic innervation from both the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems, which regulate and modulate the function of the intrinsic (enteric) nervous system. The stomach and upper gastrointestinal tract in particular are heavily influenced by the parasympathetic nervous system, supplied by the vagus nerve, and disruption of vagal sensory or motor functions results in disorganized motility patterns, disrupted receptive relaxation and accommodation, and delayed gastric emptying, amongst others. Studies from several laboratories have shown that the activity of vagal efferent motoneurons innervating the upper GI tract is inhibited tonically by GABAergic synaptic inputs from the adjacent nucleus tractus solitarius. Disruption of this influential central GABA input impacts vagal efferent output, hence gastric functions, significantly. The purpose of this review is to describe the development, physiology, and pathophysiology of this functionally dominant inhibitory synapse and its role in regulating vagally determined gastric functions.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of New Metalloporphyrin-Containing Polyplatinyne Polymers (2011)

Three new solution-processable platinum(II) polyyne polymers containing zinc(II) porphyrinate chromophores P1, P2, and P3 and their corresponding dinuclear model complexes were synthesized via the CuI-catalyzed dehydrohalogenation reaction of the platinum(II) chloride precursor and each of the respective bis(ethynyl)-zinc(porphyrin) metalloligands. The thermal, photophysical (absorption, excitation and emission spectra), electrochemical, and photovoltaic properties of P1–P3 were investigated. These results are also correlated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) calculations. The computations corroborate the presence of moderate conjugation in the π-systems, somewhat more accentuated for P3 where more favorable dihedral angles between the porphyrin and thiophene rings are noted. Moreover, the computed excited states are predicted to be π–π* in nature with some charge transfer components from the trans-[−C≡CPt(L)2C≡C−]n unit to the porphyrin rings. The optical bandgaps range from 1.93 to 2.02 eV for P1–P3. Intense π–π*-localized fluorescence emissions typical of the Q-bands of the polymers were observed. The effect of thiophene ring along the polymer chain on the extent of π-conjugation, luminescent and photovoltaic properties of these metalated materials was also examined. Bulk heterojunction solar cells using these metallopolymers as an electron donor blended with a methanofullerene electron acceptor were studied. In one case, the metallopolymer P3 showed a power conversion efficiency of 1.04% with the open-circuit voltage of 0.77 V, short-circuit current density of 3.42 mA cm–2 and fill factor of 0.39 under illumination of an AM 1.5 solar cell simulator.
Liposomes as immune adjuvants: T cell dependence. (1984)

The T cell dependence of the immune adjuvant action of liposomes containing the soluble antigens bovine serum albumin (BSA) and chicken immunoglobulin (CIgG) was studied with use of a quantitative enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to measure serum antibody levels. Normal BALB/c mice, adult thymectomized mice, and congenitally athymic (nu+/nu+) mice were intravenously inoculated with liposomes containing BSA (Lip-BSA). The high levels of serum anti-BSA antibody that were seen in the normal group were decreased in the adult thymectomized group and were almost completely abrogated in the nu+/nu+ group. Reconstitution of nu+/nu+ mice with normal thymocytes and cortisone-resistant thymocytes led to a partial restoration of the anti-BSA antibody production after Lip-BSA immunization. Examination of the class of immunoglobulin produced in normal mice, immunized with Lip-BSA, showed an early low IgM response and a sustained higher IgG response that was primarily due to the IgG1 subclass. Trypsin removal of BSA exposed on the liposome surface decreased the resulting serum anti-BSA antibody level by 30% to 50%. Animals could be primed equally with a very low dose (0.2 micrograms) of Lip-BSA or with peritoneal macrophages that had phagocytosed the same dose of Lip-BSA. The adjuvant effect of liposomes containing CIgG on the number and type of specific anti-CIgG antibody-producing cells in the spleen was an early increase in IgM-producing cells followed by a substantially higher increase in IgG-producing cells. These observations suggest that liposome encapsulation of a soluble T-dependent antigen stimulates the helper T cell, not the suppressor T cell population, and that this stimulation involves uptake by macrophages.
Future Spaces: Reinventing the Home Network for Better Security and Automation in the IoT Era (2018)

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) are complex systems comprising computation, physical, and networking assets. Used in various domains such as manufacturing, agriculture, vehicles, etc., they blend the control of the virtual and physical worlds. Smart homes are a peculiar type of CPS where the local networking fundamentals have seen little evolution in the past decades, while the context in which home networks operate has drastically evolved. With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT), the number and diversity of devices connected to our home networks are exploding. Some of those devices are poorly secured and put users' data privacy and security at risk. At the same time, administrating a home network has remained a tedious chore, requiring skills from un-savvy users. We present Future Spaces, an end-to-end hardware-software prototype providing fine-grained control over IoT connectivity to enable easy and secure management of smart homes. Relying on Software-Defined Networking-enabled home gateways and the virtualization of network functions in the cloud, we achieve advanced networking security and automation through the definition of isolated, usage-oriented slices. This disrupts how users discover, control and share their connected assets across multiple domains, smoothly adapting to various usage contexts.
miRNA–target chimeras reveal miRNA 3′-end pairing as a major determinant of Argonaute target specificity (2015)

microRNAs (miRNAs) act as sequence-specific guides for Argonaute (AGO) proteins, which mediate posttranscriptional silencing of target messenger RNAs. Despite their importance in many biological processes, rules governing AGO-miRNA targeting are only partially understood. Here we report a modified AGO HITS-CLIP strategy termed CLEAR (covalent ligation of endogenous Argonaute-bound RNAs)-CLIP, which enriches miRNAs ligated to their endogenous mRNA targets. CLEAR-CLIP mapped ∼130,000 endogenous miRNA-target interactions in mouse brain and ∼40,000 in human hepatoma cells. Motif and structural analysis define expanded pairing rules for over 200 mammalian miRNAs. Most interactions combine seed-based pairing with distinct, miRNA-specific patterns of auxiliary pairing. At some regulatory sites, this specificity confers distinct silencing functions to miRNA family members with shared seed sequences but divergent 3'-ends. This work provides a means for explicit biochemical identification of miRNA sites in vivo, leading to the discovery that miRNA 3'-end pairing is a general determinant of AGO binding specificity.
Extended Mappings for Wireless Network Coded Butterfly Network (2011)

We consider the application of wireless network coding to a butterfly wireless network, comprising two sources and two destinations sharing a single relay. We obtain upper bounds on the end to end capacity of the network in terms of the codebook cardinalities, allowing the use of an extended rather than a minimal hierarchical mapping at the relay and assuming that partial complementary side information is available at each destination directly from its complementary source. We further show that this bound may be achieved using a linear mapping at the relay. We obtain numerical results for the mutual information on the links of the network, and hence show that the extended mapping may provide increased capacity compared to the minimal for some values of channel fading parameters.
Influence of Tonic Neck Posture upon Grip Strength of Institutionalized Mental Retardates (1975)

Abstract Sixty mentally retarded students classified at the Denton State School as moderately and mildly retarded were given grip strength tests with a Jamar dynamometer to determine the effect of the tonic neck posture upon preferred and nonpreferred grip. The independent variable was tonic neck posture, represented by 3 different positions of the head. The dependent variable was grip strength of the preferred and nonpreferred hands. The multivariate ANOVA of differences in grip strength scores revealed that grip strength performance of the mental retardates is a function of tonic neck posture and is consistent with the facilitation and inhibition parameters of the tonic neck reflex.
Elevated Levels of Monocyte Activation Markers Are Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Men With and Those Without HIV Infection (2014)

sCD163, sCD14, and CCL2 levels were elevated in treated HIV-infected men and associated with atherosclerosis. Monocyte activation may increase the risk for cardiovascular disease in individuals with HIV infection.
Senescence, aging, and malignant transformation mediated by p53 in mice lacking the Brca1 full-length isoform (2003)

Senescence may function as a two-edged sword that brings unexpected consequences to organisms. Here we provide evidence to support this theory by showing that the absence of the Brca1 full-length isoform causes senescence in mutant embryos and cultured cells as well as aging and tumorigenesis in adult mice. Haploid loss of p53 overcame embryonic senescence but failed to prevent the adult mutant mice from prematurely aging, which included decreased life span, reduced body fat deposition, osteoporosis, skin atrophy, and decreased wound healing. We further demonstrate that mutant cells that escaped senescence had undergone clonal selection for faster proliferation and extensive genetic/molecular alterations, including overexpression of cyclin D1 and cyclin A and loss of p53. These observations provide the first in vivo evidence that links cell senescence to aging due to impaired function of Brca1 at the expense of tumorigenesis.
Bipolar Membrane Electroacidification To Produce Bovine Milk Casein Isolate (1999)

Bipolar membrane electroacidification (BMEA) has been developed previously (Bazinet et al., Report for the Canadian Electricity Association 9326 U 987, 1996; Bazinet et al., J. Agric. Food Chem. 1997, 45, 2419-2425, 3788-3794) and has been used for isoelectric precipitation of soybean proteins. The purpose of this study was to validate the feasibility of BMEA for the precipitation of milk casein and to investigate the effect of flow rate. High-purity isolates containing 1.23 and 2.00% ash and 85.4 and 91.6% total protein were obtained with flow rates of 0.2 and 1.2 gal/min. The molecular composition profiles of the isolates obtained by HPLC showed that only caseins were precipitated. However, except for protein precipitation curves, the flow rate did not influence the final composition and purity of the isolates. These results showed that BMEA is a new alternative process for the production of high-purity bovine milk casein isolate.
Two-stage genome-wide association study identifies integrin beta 5 as having potential role in bull fertility (2009)

We have identified molecular markers associated with bull fertility and established that at least one of the genes harboring such variation has a role in fertility. The findings are important in understanding mechanisms of uncompensatory infertility in bulls, and in other male mammals. The findings set the stage for more hypothesis-driven research aimed at discovering the role of variation in the genome that affect fertility and that can be used to identify molecular mechanisms of development.
CBr<sub>4</sub> Mediated Oxidative C–N Bond Formation: Applied in the Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2-α]pyridines and Imidazo[1,2-α]pyrimidines (2016)

The carbon tetrabromide mediated oxidative carbon-nitrogen bond formation of 2-aminopyridines or 2-aminopyrimidines with β-keto esters or 1,3-diones, leading to a variety of complex imidazo[1,2-α]pyridines or imidazo[1,2-α]pyrimidines, is reported. The reactions were realized under mild and metal-free conditions.
Insights From Three-Dimensional Echocardiography Into the Mechanism of Functional Mitral Regurgitation (1997)

LV dysfunction without dilatation fails to produce important MR. Functional MR relates strongly to changes in the 3D geometry of the mitral valve attachments at the PM and annular levels, with practical implications for approaches that would restore a more favorable configuration.
ACERCA DE LA FUNCIÓN DE LA ANGUSTIA. UNA LECTURA DE “INHIBICIÓN, SÍNTOMA Y ANGUSTIA” DE S. FREUD (2009)

En este trabajo se realiza una lectura detallada de “Inhibicion, sintoma y angustia” de Freud, con el objetivo de ubicar: las conceptualizaciones sobre la angustia en juego; las dificultades para definir el estatuto del peligro que conlleva la angustia; la enigmatica “funcion” que la angustia cumple en el individuo; y el modo en el que Freud resuelve, en este texto, dicho enigma. Se concluye asi que el interes freudiano en precisar la funcion de la angustia, y la permanente constatacion de su inadecuacion, son antecedentes de lo que Lacan, en su Seminario X, formula respecto a la “necesidad de preservacion de la angustia”. 

Abstract
This paper gives a detailed interpretation of Freud’s “Inhibition, Symptoms, and Anxiety” with the aim to place: the conceptualizations of anxiety; the difficulties of defining the statute of danger that involves anxiety; the enigmatic “function” of anxiety for the individual; and the way in which Freud solves the mystery in his text. It is thought, that the Freudian interest to specify the function of anxiety and the permanent verification of its inadequacy are precedents to what Lacan formulates about “the necessity to preserve anxiety” in his X Seminar
Soft Q-network. (2019)

Deep Q Network (DQN) is a very successful algorithm, yet the inherent problem of reinforcement learning, i.e. the exploit-explore balance, remains. In this work, we introduce entropy regularization into DQN and propose SQN. We find that the backup equation of soft Q learning can enjoy the corrective feedback if we view the soft backup as policy improvement in the form of Q, instead of policy evaluation. We show that Soft Q Learning with Corrective Feedback (SQL-CF) underlies the on-plicy nature of SQL and the equivalence of SQL and Soft Policy Gradient (SPG). With these insights, we propose an on-policy version of deep Q learning algorithm, i.e. Q On-Policy (QOP). We experiment with QOP on a self-play environment called Google Research Football (GRF). The QOP algorithm exhibits great stability and efficiency in training GRF agents.
Effect of suramin on serum viral replication in feline leukemia virus-infected pet cats (1986)

Suramin treatments were administered (IV) to 2 healthy adult cats infected with naturally acquired feline leukemia virus. Serum viral infectivity--as assessed by focus induction by the method of Fischinger, using serial serum samples titrated on clone 81 cells--ceased transiently in both cats during treatment with suramin, but returned to significantly high levels approximately 14 days after treatment was stopped. Both cats tested positive for FeLV internal antigens in peripheral blood cells and serum before, during, and after treatment. Both cats tested negative for antibody to feline oncornavirus membrane antigen before, during, and after treatment. The major adverse effects of suramin in the 2 cats were transient vomiting and anorexia.
Tropical Medicine (1977)

The first edition of the Manual of Tropical Medicine which appeared in 1945 under the auspices of the Division of Medical Sciences of the National Research Council with the collaboration of medical officers and other military personnel to fill an urgent need for medical military officers during World War II has evolved from a slight manual of roughly 700 pages, measuring approximately 6″ × 9″ and weighing less than two pounds into a rather definitive text of Tropical Medicine of about 900 pages measuring 7½″ × 10½″ and weighing almost five pounds. I do not recall the original cost but I would guess the present cost is at least seven times more than the original manual.There has been an apparent lack of a comprehensive text published in this country covering in a single volume the more significant infections encountered in the so-called tropics. In the 5th edition the authors can and in subsequent editions will be able to fulfill this need.
Uptake and therapeutic effectiveness of 125I- and 211At-methylene blue for pigmented melanoma in an animal model system. (1989)

The investigations concerning a targeted radiotherapy for pigmented melanoma with a radiolabeled phenothiazine derivative, 3,7-(dimethylamino)phenazathionium chloride [methylene blue (MTB)], were continued using melanotic and amelanotic sublines of B16 melanoma. Two radionuclides, 125I and 211At, emitting Auger electrons and alpha particles, respectively, replaced 35S previously studied since their biological effectiveness is significantly higher. In vitro autoradiography revealed a selective accumulation of methylene blue labeled with either of the radioisotopes in pigmented melanoma cells but its absence in nonpigmented cells. Treatments with [125I]MTB and [211At]MTB were performed both in vitro and in vivo, with their effectiveness determined by lung clonogenic assay. [125I]MTB proved to be relatively ineffective when incorporated into melanosomes distributed in the cytoplasm, i.e., too far away from the genome. Conspicuous therapeutic effects were achieved with [211At]MTB for pigmented melanoma only. 211At itself did not affect either of the investigated sublines of B16 melanoma confirming once again the high affinity of methylene blue to melanin. Calculations of cumulative radiation doses from [211At]MTB deposited in melanotic melanoma tumors and pigmented normal organs which would be at a particular risk led to the conclusion that [211At]MTB could be used for a highly selective and very efficient targeted radiotherapy of pigmented melanomas without damaging normal tissues.
A new derivatizing agent, trimethylammoniopropyl methanethiosulphonate, is efficient for preparation of recombinant brain‐derived neurotrophic factor from inclusion bodies (1998)

Derivatization with trimethylammoniopropyl methanethiosulphonate (TAPS-sulphonate) enabled brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to be prepared efficiently from Escherichia coli inclusion bodies. Reduced BDNF obtained from inclusion bodies solubilized by urea and reduced by dithiothreitol was suggested to form a complex with itself or with other compounds such as lipids. It could hardly be adsorbed on to cation-exchange resin for partial purification prior to a refolding reaction. Reversible derivatization of cysteine residues was tested as a method of dissociating BDNF from such complexes. However, even if a methyl or aminoethyl group was introduced, BDNF could not be dissociated readily. Derivatization with TAPS-sulphonate brought about good dissociation of BDNF, and more than 50% adsorbed on to the cation-exchange resin. BDNF derivatized with TAPS-sulphonate refolded well, and the refolded samples showed the same biological activity as purified BDNF. Derivatization with TAPS-sulphonate would increase the intermolecular repulsion of BDNF, due to the positively charged character of the quaternized amine, and inhibit complex formation. Thus, TAPS-sulphonate is effective for the preparation of BDNF under denatured conditions.
Simultaneous measurement of thicknesses and refractive indices of multiple layers by a low-coherence confocal interference microscope (1996)

We propose a novel technique for simultaneous measurement of layer thicknesses and refractive indices of multiple layers. It is based on a combination of a confocal microscope and low-coherence interferometry. We derived an expression for the geometrical thickness and the refractive index of each layer from both tracing of a marginal ray accepted by a microscope objective and optical path matching conditions. Experimental verification of this method is illustrated by several samples that have a maximum of 13 layers. The geometrical thicknesses and refractive indices thus derived agreed well with those measured by a micrometer or cited from the literature.
Iridium-Catalyzed Conversion of Alcohols into Amides via Oximes (2006)

[reaction: see text] The iridium catalyst [Ir(Cp*)Cl2]2 is effective for the rearrangement of oximes to furnish amides. The reaction has been combined with catalytic transfer hydrogenation between an alcohol and alkene to allow the conversion of alcohols into amides in a one-pot process.
Enantioselective synthesis of new analogues of neplanocin A. (1983)

An efficient synthesis of analogues of (-)-aristeromycin (1) and (-)-neplanocin A (2) has been developed in an enantioselective and stereocontrolled manner by chemicoenzymatic strategy. The symmetric unsaturated dimethyl ester (3) was quantitatively hydrolyzed with pig liver esterase to yield a half ester (4). Decarboxylative ozonolysis followed by chemical transformation afforded versatile chiral intermediates, cyclopentylamine (7) and cyclopentenylamine (9), which were converted to carbocyclic analogues of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside (16), (18), uridine (21), cytidine (23), and guanosine (25). The cytidine analogue (23) was found most active against KB cells in culture.