gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preliminary results from BCG and ECG measurements in the heart failure clinic (2012)

We report on the preliminary deployment of a bathroom scale-based ballistocardiogram (BCG) system for the in-hospital monitoring of patients with heart failure. These early trials provided valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities for such monitoring. In particular, the need for robust algorithms and adapted BCG metric is suggested. The system was designed to be robust and user-friendly, with dual ballistocardiogram (BCG) and electrocardiogram (ECG) capabilities. The BCG was measured from a modified bathroom scale, while the ECG (used as timing reference) was measured using dry handlebar electrodes. The signal conditioning and digitization circuits were USB-powered, and data acquisition performed using a netbook. Four patients with a NYHA class III at admission were measured daily for the duration of their treatment at Stanford hospital. A measure of BCG quality, in essence a quantitative implementation of the BCG classes originally defined in the 1950s, is proposed as a practical parameter.
A life-saving maneuver to prevent food-choking (1975)

EACH year, 3,900 healthy individuals in the United States strangle because of food stuck in their throats (<i>New York Times Magazine</i>, June 16, 1974, p 10). The actual incidence is probably much higher, as indicated by a report of unsuspected food-choking found at postmortem examinations of three patients thought to have died from myocardial infarction in one nursing home last year.<sup>1</sup>Food-choking is the sixth leading cause of accidental death—its victims number more than those accidentally killed by firearms or in airplane accidents. This article describes experimental studies and the clinical evaluation of a simple maneuver that prevents these food-choking fatalities. Food-choking can be recognized easily. The victim cannot speak or breathe; he becomes pale, then deeply cyanotic, and collapses. Because death is sudden (occurring in four to five minutes), the episode is sometimes confused with a myocardial infarction, although the signs and symptoms of the two are different. The
The review of natural products: the most complete source of natural product information (2002)

The Review of Natural Products is the foremost source of current natural product information for health care professionals. More than 350 in-depth monographs are included, based on scientific research, not just anecdotal information. The Review of Natural Products provides detailed information about natural products, including their botany, history, chemistry, pharmacology, medicinal uses, toxicology, and patient information. It also includes significantly documented drug interactions.
Comparative Study of Robust Saturation-Based Control of Robot Manipulators: Analysis and Experiments (1996)

This article presents two proposed saturation-based robust con trol methods for robot manipulators and a comparison with their counterpart published coritrol laws. Both analytical and experimental comparisons are conducted following a classifi cation of the control methods according to their basic model formulations. Experimental results have shown the outstand ing performance of the proposed control methods. The best tracking performance was achieved under the proposed control method based on dynamic model decomposition, which deals with different sources of uncertainty separately and possesses an enhanced fine-tuning ability. Discussions and insights gained from our experiments are also presented.
Moving towards best practice when using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score to estimate causal treatment effects in observational studies (2015)

The propensity score is defined as a subject's probability of treatment selection, conditional on observed baseline covariates. Weighting subjects by the inverse probability of treatment received creates a synthetic sample in which treatment assignment is independent of measured baseline covariates. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) using the propensity score allows one to obtain unbiased estimates of average treatment effects. However, these estimates are only valid if there are no residual systematic differences in observed baseline characteristics between treated and control subjects in the sample weighted by the estimated inverse probability of treatment. We report on a systematic literature review, in which we found that the use of IPTW has increased rapidly in recent years, but that in the most recent year, a majority of studies did not formally examine whether weighting balanced measured covariates between treatment groups. We then proceed to describe a suite of quantitative and qualitative methods that allow one to assess whether measured baseline covariates are balanced between treatment groups in the weighted sample. The quantitative methods use the weighted standardized difference to compare means, prevalences, higher-order moments, and interactions. The qualitative methods employ graphical methods to compare the distribution of continuous baseline covariates between treated and control subjects in the weighted sample. Finally, we illustrate the application of these methods in an empirical case study. We propose a formal set of balance diagnostics that contribute towards an evolving concept of 'best practice' when using IPTW to estimate causal treatment effects using observational data.
Standardized DOE Spent Nuclear Fuel Canister and Transportation System for Shipping to the National Repository (2001)

The U.S.Department of Energy’s (DOE) National Spent Nuclear Fuel Program (NSNFP), located at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL), has been chartered with the responsibility for developing spent nuclear fuel (SNF) standardized canisters and a transportation cask system for shipping DOE SNF to the national repository. The mandate for this development is outlined in the Memorandum of Agreement for Acceptance of Department of Energy Spent Nuclear Fuel and High-Level Radioactive Waste that states, “EM shall design and fabricate … DOE SNF canisters for shipment to RW.” (1) It also states, “EM shall be responsible for the design, NRC certification, and fabrication of the transportation cask system for DOE SNF canisters or bare DOE SNF in accordance with 10 CFR Part 71.” (2) In fulfillment of these requirements, the NSNFP has developed four SNF standardized canister configurations and has conceptually designed a versatile transportation cask system for shipping the canisters to the national repository.1 The standardized canister sizes were derived from the national repository waste package design for co-disposal of SNF with high-level waste (HLW). One SNF canister can be placed in the center of the waste package or one can be placed in one of five radial positions, replacing a HLW canister. The internal cavity of the transportation cask was derived using the same logic, matching the size of the internal cavity of the waste package. The size of the internal cavity for the transportation cask allows the shipment of multiple canister configurations with the application of a removable basket design. The standardized canisters have been designed to be loaded with DOE SNF, placed into interim storage, shipped to the national repository, and placed in a waste package without having to be reopened. Significant testing has been completed that clearly demonstrates that the standardized canisters can safely achieve their intended design goals. The transportation cask system will include all of the standard design features, with the addition of dual containment for the shipment of failed fuel. The transportation cask system will also meet the rigorous licensing requirements of the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to ensure that the design and the methods of fabrication employed will result in a shipping cask that will safely contain the radioactive materials under all credible accident scenarios. The standardization of the SNF canisters and the versatile design of the transportation cask system will eliminate a proliferation of designs and simplify the operations at the user sites and the national repository.
Electrochemical Deposition of Azobenzene-Containing Network Films with High-Contrast and Stable Photoresponse (2016)

To fabricate stable photoresponsive films and devices, a cross-linked network that firmly fixes the position of the chromophores is an ideal structure, because aggregation and/or phase separation effects of chromophores in matrix can be effectively restrained in such robust films. Herein, the in situ electrochemical deposition (ED) of azo-based precursors containing multielectroactive carbazole units is utilized to construct highly cross-linked photoresponsive films. 2-(4-(9,9-bis(6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl)-9H-fluoren-2-yl)phenyl)-1-(4-(9,9-bis(6-(9H-carbazol-9-yl)hexyl)-9H-fluoren-7-yl)phenyl)diazene (BFCzAzo) with high solvability in electrolyte solution, high electroactivity, and highly efficient photoresponsive ability is synthesized by Suzuki coupling reaction as a kind of ED precursor. A highly cross-linked photoresponsive film is fabricated by ED method using BFCzAzo as ED precursor. The film can be patterned in large area by irradiation with interfering laser beam (355 nm), and the pattern possesses excellent thermal stability and insoluble ability in both organic and inorganic solvents. Excellent reversibility of the nanostructures is demonstrated by irradiation with 550 nm laser beam.
Common inflammatory mediators orchestrate pathophysiological processes in rheumatoid arthritis and atherosclerosis (2008)

RA is characterized by a systemic inflammatory state, in which immune cells and soluble mediators play a crucial role. These inflammatory processes resemble those in other chronic inflammatory diseases, such as atherosclerosis. The chronic systemic inflammation in RA can be considered as an independent risk factor for the development of atherosclerosis, and represents an important field to investigate the reasons of the increase of acute cardiovascular events in RA. In the present review, we focused on several mediators of autoimmunity, inflammation and endothelial dysfunction, which can be considered the most promising targets to prevent atherogenesis in RA. Among several mediators, the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha has been shown as a crucial factor to induce atherosclerosis in RA patients.
The British Case - 1Pamphlets On World Affairs. Farrar and Rinehart, New York, 1939, $0.15 each. 1. Alfred Zimmern, <i>The Prospects of Civilization.</i>3. R. C. K. Ensor, <i>Mein Kampf</i>. 4. A. G. B. Fisher, <i>Economic Self-Sufficiency</i>. 5. Julian Huxley, Race in <i>Europe</i>. 6. G. M. Gathorne-Hardy, <i>The Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles</i>. 10. C. A. Macartney, <i>The Danabian Basin</i>. 11. Arthur Salter, <i>The Dual Policy</i>. 12. J. L. Brierly, <i>Encirclement</i>. 14. John W. Wheeler-Bennett, <i>The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and Germany's Eastern Policy</i>. 17. W. Arnold-Forster, <i>The Blockade, 1914–1919</i>. 18. N. Micklem, <i>National Socialis and Christianity</i>. 20. R. C. K. Ensor, <i>Who Hitler Is</i>. (1940)

The British Case - 1Pamphlets On World Affairs. Farrar and Rinehart, New York, 1939, $0.15 each. 1. Alfred Zimmern, The Prospects of Civilization.3. R. C. K. Ensor, Mein Kampf. 4. A. G. B. Fisher, Economic Self-Sufficiency. 5. Julian Huxley, Race in Europe. 6. G. M. Gathorne-Hardy, The Fourteen Points and the Treaty of Versailles. 10. C. A. Macartney, The Danabian Basin. 11. Arthur Salter, The Dual Policy. 12. J. L. Brierly, Encirclement. 14. John W. Wheeler-Bennett, The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk and Germany's Eastern Policy. 17. W. Arnold-Forster, The Blockade, 1914–1919. 18. N. Micklem, National Socialis and Christianity. 20. R. C. K. Ensor, Who Hitler Is. - Volume 2 Issue 2
Collinone, a New Recombinant Angular Polyketide Antibiotic Made by an Engineered Streptomyces Strain. (2001)

Large chromosomal DNA fragments containing different parts of the putative rubromycin polyketide synthase gene cluster were cloned and functionally expressed in S. coelicolor CH999. Expression of these clones yielded 5 approximately 10 metabolites that were not detected in S. collinus culture extracts. This paper focusses on one of the new metabolites, termed collinone, that was isolated in large quantities and purified for spectroscopic structure determination and biological screening assays. Collinone is a heavily oxidized angular hexacyclic compound containing an unusual 1,4,5,8(2H,3H)-anthracenetetrone moiety previously only reported to be present in antibiotics SF2446A1, A2, A3, B1 and B2 isolated from Streptomyces sp. SF2446. Structure analysis of collinone indicates a tridecaketide with a 26 carbon backbone. The basic benz[a]naphthacene ring system of collinone is angular, similar to the aglycones of the well-known angucycline and angucyclinone antibiotics. While collinone showed antibacterial activity against vancomycin-resistant enterococci, no antifungal or significant antiviral activities were detected. Collinone could be a good starting point to obtain new bioactive angucyclin(on)e-like compounds by further genetic engineering of its pathway.
Patients With Various Types of Human Papillomavirus: Covariation and Diagnostic Relevance of Cytological Findings In Papanicolaou Smears (1993)

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in the genital tract is associated with a number of cytological changes which are accepted as standard criteria for a cytological diagnosis. We evaluated the covariation and diagnostic accuracy of these criteria in 210 patients, i.e. 150 cases who were positive for HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33 or 35, and 60 cases who were HPV-negative by simultaneous Southern blot analysis. This was done by re-examining cervical smears obtained at the same time, without knowing the results of the Southern blot analysis, for the presence of koilocytosis, dyskeratosis-parakeratosis, nuclear smudging, hyperchromasia, binucleation, multinucleation, karyorrhexis and macrocytosis. We found that all these cytological changes correlated with the presence of an HPV infection. However, analysis of variance showed that koilocytosis, dyskeratosis-parakeratosis and karyorrhexis were of particular diagnostic value, while the other features provided little or no additional information. By omitting these features and making the diagnosis when two out of three of the key criteria, i.e. koilocytosis, dyskeratosis-parakeratosis and karyorrhexis were present, we diagnosed HPV infection with a specificity of 100% in 36% of the 150 cases, which were positive by Southern blot analysis. The various HPV types produced different morphological patterns which may reflect differences in action on the host cell. In the individual patient, however, such differences in cytology do not provide a sound basis for distinguishing between viral types.
Structure, stability, and diffusion of arsenic-silicon interstitial pairs (2005)

Recent experimental studies [A. Ural, P. B. Griffin, and J. D. Plummer, J. Appl. Phys. 85, 6440 (1999); R. Kim, T. Hirose, T. Shano, H. Tsuji, and K. Taniguchi, Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 41, 227 (2002); S. Solmi, M. Ferri, M. Bersani, D. Giubertoni, and V. Soncini, J. Appl. Phys. 94, 4950 (2003)] have suggested the importance of Si interstitials in As transient enhanced diffusion during pn junction formation in silicon. Using density functional theory calculations within the generalized gradient approximation, we have examined the structure, stability and diffusion of As–Sii pairs. For the negatively charged As–Sii pair, we find a minimum energy structure in which the As atom bridges two approximate lattice Si atoms, while for the neutral and positively charged As–Sii we find the lowest energy structure is comprised of an As and Sii pair that is aligned in the [110] direction while sharing a lattice site. Our results suggest that in n-type extrinsic regions the diffusion of −1 charged As–Sii pairs will be prevailing with an overall activation energy of 3.1–3.4eV, while under intrinsic conditions the neutral and −1 charged pairs will both contribute to arsenic diffusion. The predicted activation energies are similar to experimental observations for As diffusion and previous calculations for As-vacancy complex diffusion. These results clearly support that interstitials can contribute significantly to As transient enhanced diffusion, particularly in the region where interstitials exist in excess.
Application of Bone Morphogenetic Proteins in the Treatment of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Osseous Defects (2001)

The results of these three subhuman primate defect studies--(a) mandibular resection defects in middle-aged Macaca fascicularis animals, (b) mandibular resection defects in Macaca fascicularis animals over 20 years of age, and (c) simulated bilateral clefts in Macaca mulatta animals 1 1/2 years of age (comparable with a 5-year-old child)--were very encouraging. Histomorphometric analysis in all of these investigations indicated that the use of rhBMP-2 in bone repair without the use of bone grafting materials will offer a new method of osseous reconstruction in clinical facial bone defects.
Blocking effect reduction of JPEG images by signal adaptive filtering (1998)

A postprocessing algorithm is proposed to reduce the blocking artifacts of Joint Photographic Experts Group (JPEG) decompressed images. The reconstructed images from JPEG compression produce noticeable image degradation near the block boundaries, in particular for highly compressed images, because each block is transformed and quantized independently. The blocking effects are classified into three types of noises in this paper: grid noise, staircase noise, and corner outlier. The proposed postprocessing algorithm, which consists of three stages, reduces these blocking artifacts efficiently. A comparison study between the proposed algorithm and other postprocessing algorithms is made by computer simulation with several JPEG images.
A novel asynchronous digital spiking neuron model and its various neuron-like bifurcations and responses (2011)

A novel spiking neuron model whose nonlinear dynamics is described by an asynchronous cellular automaton is presented. The model can be implemented by a simple digital sequential logic circuit but can exhibit various neuron-like bifurcations and responses. Using the Poincaré mapping technique, it is clarified that the model can reproduce major bifurcation mechanisms of excitabilities and spikings of biological and model neurons. It is also clarified that the model can reproduce major excitatory responses of the neurons.
Recombinant 43-kDa USF binds to DNA and activates transcription in a manner indistinguishable from that of natural 43/44-kDa USF. (1991)

USF is a cellular factor involved in the transcriptional regulation of several cellular and viral promoters. Purified USF from HeLa cells (HeLa USF) consists of 43- and 44-kDa polypeptides which show independent binding to a specific DNA element. A cDNA encoding the 43-kDa species has been previously cloned. We show here that the purified form of bacterially expressed 43-kDa USF (i) exists in solution as a dimer whose formation is greatly favored under reducing conditions, (ii) binds to its cognate DNA sequence in a manner indistinguishable from that of HeLa USF, and (iii) is as efficient as HeLa USF in stimulating transcription from target promoters in a reconstituted cell-free system. Additional data indicate that the 44-kDa component of HeLa USF is immunologically unrelated to the 43-kDa polypeptide but is associated with it in HeLa cell extracts. These results suggest that the 43-kDa component possesses an intrinsic DNA binding and transcriptional activation potential and that the 44-kDa USF component of the natural USF complex may have some regulatory role.
Nanoscale Borromeates (2005)

[Structure: See text] In addition to a parent zinc(II) Borromean ring (BR) complex, the preparation and characterization of two hexasubstituted BR complexes with either 4-acetoxymethylphenyl or 4-methylthiophenyl substituents associated in turn with all six pyridyl rings has been achieved convergently in good yields by appealing to the dynamic features of the reactions between primary amino groups in a preformed acyclic ligand and 2,6-diformylpyridine. Two molecules of the acyclic ligands react with two molecules of 2,6-diformylpyridine to form a cyclic [2 + 2] tetraimine in the presence of Zn(II) ions as templates in 2-propanol at 70 degrees C. The successful preparation of the two derivatives by convergent template-directed syntheses opens up opportunities to self-assemble, under equilibrium control, numerous nanoscale metallo-organic particles with potentially useful properties.
Optical and electrical enhancement of flux creep in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">YBa</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Cu</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>7</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">δ</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>epitaxial films (1989)

We report two novel flux-creep-related phenomena in ${\mathrm{YBa}}_{2}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{7\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{\ensuremath{\delta}}}$ films at elevated currents in presence of magnetic fields: a sharp onset of nonequilibrium optical response and a current-dependent thermally activated electrical resistivity. In this regime the activation energy of the resistivity scales uniquely with current density as log(${\mathrm{J}}_{0}$/J) with ${\mathrm{J}}_{0}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}3\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{6}$ A/${\mathrm{Cm}}^{2}$. This nonlinear current dependence is significantly different from the predictions of the standard flux-creep model. At currents \ensuremath{\lesssim}7\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{3}$ A/${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ the resistivity is current independent and the optical response is purely bolometric.
Lithium Niobate Ridge Waveguides Fabricated by Wet Etching (2007)

The fabrication of LiNbO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ridge waveguides etched by a mixture of HF and HNO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> using chromium (Cr) stripes as masks is reported. Smooth etched surfaces are obtained by adding some ethanol into the etchant. Under-etching is nearly avoided by annealing the sample with the Cr masks before the wet etching process. Low-loss monomode ridge guides with a height of up to 8 mum and a width between 4.5 and 7.0 mum are demonstrated. As an example, the propagation losses in a 6.5-mum-wide and 8-mum-high structure are 0.3 dB/cm for transverse-electric and 0.9 dB/cm for transverse-magnetic polarization, respectively, at 1.55-mum wavelength