gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frisbee(TM) Aerodynamics (2002)

The frisbee-like flying sports disc is a spin-stabilised axi-symmetric wing of quite remarkable design. The disc generates lift through forward velocity just like a conventional wing. From a backhand throw, spin is naturally given to the disc, which stabilises it in free- flight. This experimental investigation of a typical flying disc shape outlines wind-tunnel data including plots of aerodynamic loads verses angle of attack (AoA) which are compared to existing data in the literature, the effect of spin is also presented. The surface pressure distribution is presented as pressure profiles at the halfspan station and colour filled contour plots for both the upper and cavity surfaces. Surface and smoke wire flow visualisation techniques provide an explanation of flow structures which compare well with the pressure distributions. The asymmetries observed in the trailing vortices, for a spinning disc, allow an explanation of the aerodynamic generation of the rolling moment and side force. The free-flight of a flying disc is discussed based on the above. Nomenclature
Vertical Location of the Corneal Light Reflex in Strabismus Photography (1998)

A poorly positioned corneal light reflex makes it difficult to identify the fixing eye in photographs of patients with strabismus, especially when vertical strabismus is present. Adoption of the aforementioned protocol will reproduce the appearance of coaxially viewed corneal light reflexes and provide much-needed standardization for strabismus case presentation.
A general approach for the analysis of the input power quality in matrix converters (1998)

In this paper, a general approach based on a linearized analysis is employed in order to determine the matrix converter performance in terms of input-current quality. Considering input disturbances such as voltage unbalance and voltage distortion as a linear deviation from the fundamental harmonic component, it is possible to evaluate analytically the input-current harmonic content. It is emphasized that the input-current frequency spectrum is affected by the input-current modulation strategy employed. By using an optimal dynamic modulation strategy, it is possible to minimize the input-current harmonic content. Some numerical results are given to confirm the analytical solutions.
Improved Techniques for Training Score-Based Generative Models (2020)

Score-based generative models can produce high quality image samples comparable to GANs, without requiring adversarial optimization. However, existing training procedures are limited to images of low resolution (typically below 32x32), and can be unstable under some settings. We provide a new theoretical analysis of learning and sampling from score models in high dimensional spaces, explaining existing failure modes and motivating new solutions that generalize across datasets. To enhance stability, we also propose to maintain an exponential moving average of model weights. With these improvements, we can effortlessly scale score-based generative models to images with unprecedented resolutions ranging from 64x64 to 256x256. Our score-based models can generate high-fidelity samples that rival best-in-class GANs on various image datasets, including CelebA, FFHQ, and multiple LSUN categories.
7SK snRNP/P-TEFb couples transcription elongation with alternative splicing and is essential for vertebrate development (2009)

Eukaryotic gene expression is commonly controlled at the level of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) pausing subsequent to transcription initiation. Transcription elongation is stimulated by the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) kinase, which is suppressed within the 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (7SK snRNP). However, the biogenesis and functional significance of 7SK snRNP remain poorly understood. Here, we report that LARP7, BCDIN3, and the noncoding 7SK small nuclear RNA (7SK) are vital for the formation and stability of a cell stress-resistant core 7SK snRNP. Our functional studies demonstrate that 7SK snRNP is not only critical for controlling transcription elongation, but also for regulating alternative splicing of pre-mRNAs. Using a transient expression splicing assay, we find that 7SK snRNP disintegration promotes inclusion of an alternative exon via the increased occupancy of P-TEFb, Ser2-phosphorylated (Ser2-P) RNAPII, and the splicing factor SF2/ASF at the minigene. Importantly, knockdown of larp7 or bcdin3 orthologues in zebrafish embryos destabilizes 7SK and causes severe developmental defects and aberrant splicing of analyzed transcripts. These findings reveal a key role for P-TEFb in coupling transcription elongation with alternative splicing, and suggest that maintaining core 7SK snRNP is essential for vertebrate development.
Enhancement of the Fibrinolytic Activity in Plasma by Oral Administration of Nattokinase<sup>s</sup> (1990)

The existence of a potent fibrinolytic enzyme (nattokinase, NK) in the traditional fermented food called 'natto', was reported by us previously. It was confirmed that oral administration of NK (or natto) produced a mild and frequent enhancement of the fibrinolytic activity in the plasma, as indicated by the fibrinolytic parameters, and the production of tissue plasminogen activator. NK capsules were also administered orally to dogs with experimentally induced thrombosis, and lysis of the thrombi was observed by angiography. The results obtained suggest that NK represents a possible drug for use not only in the treatment of embolism but also in the prevention of the disease, since NK has a proven safety and can be massproduced.
Bipedal ambulation induces experimental scoliosis in C57BL/6J mice with reduced plasma and pineal melatonin levels (2006)

In addition to the induction of scoliosis in chickens by pinealectomy (PINX), we previously demonstrated that removal of the pineal gland also produces scoliosis in bipedal rats, which can be inhibited by melatonin treatment. Using C57BL/6J mice with genetically low circulating melatonin levels, the main objective of the present study was to investigate whether bipedal ambulation in C57BL/6J mice has the same effects on spinal deformity as those seen in pinealectomized bipedal rats. The present study consisted of two phases. The aim of the first experiment was to determine whether the C57BL/6J mouse strain actually exhibits depressed plasma concentrations and/or pineal contents of melatonin during both the light and the dark phase of the light:dark cycle. The aims of the second experiment were to evaluate; (i) whether bipedal ambulation alone in the C57BL/6J mouse induces scoliosis, and (ii) whether PINX with bipedal ambulation in another mouse strain, i.e. C3H/HeJ, which normally exhibits diurnal fluctuations in melatonin synthesis and secretion, has effects similar to those of bipedal ambulation alone in C57BL/6J mice. C3H/HeJ mice, serving as controls, showed significant increases in both plasma concentrations and pineal contents of melatonin during the dark phase when compared with the light phase. In contrast, there were no differences in either circulating levels or pineal contents of melatonin between the light and dark phases in C57BL/6J mice. Moreover, plasma melatonin levels were below the detection limit of the assay in both phases and pineal melatonin was < 10% of that in C3H/HeJ mice. Bipedal ambulation for 40 wk in C57BL/6J mice induced scoliosis at a rate of 64.3%, and two of nine scoliotic mice showed two sites of spinal deformity. This type of ambulation in C3H/HeJ mice resulted in scoliosis at a lower rate (25%), and affected animals had only a single scoliotic site. However, PINX combined with bipedal ambulation in C3H/HeJ mice produced scoliosis at a rate (70%) similar to that seen in C57BL/6J mice, and some double deformations were induced. These results confirm our previous observations in rats, and also support our hypothesis that melatonin as well as the bipedal ambulation appear to play a critical pathogenic role in scoliosis in experimental mammals.
Evaluation of Vitek GPS-SA card for testing of oxacillin against borderline-susceptible staphylococci that lack mec (1996)

Fifty-one Staphylococcus aureus strains lacking mec for which oxacillin MICs were 1 to 8 micrograms/ml were tested against oxacillin and the combination of oxacillin and clavulanic acid with the Vitek GPS-SA card, the reference broth microdilution method, and the oxacillin agar screen plate. Of the 51 strains, 44 (86%) did not grow on the oxacillin agar screen plate, broth microdilution MICs were 1 to 2 micrograms/ml, and GPS-SA card MICs were < or = 2 micrograms/ml, with the exception of 3 strains that failed to grow in the card on repeated attempts. Another seven strains did grow on the oxacillin agar screen plate. For four of the latter group of strains, oxacillin broth microdilution MICs were > 4 micrograms/ml and GPS-SA card MICs were > or = 4 micrograms/ml; for the other 3 strains, corresponding MICs were 4 and < or = 2 micrograms/ml, respectively. The GPS-SA card classified 86% of strains as oxacillin susceptible.
Secondary breakup of a drop at moderate Weber numbers (2015)

We present volume of fluid based numerical simulations of secondary breakup of a drop with high density ratio (approx. 1000) and also perform experiments by injecting monodisperse water droplets in a continuous jet of air and capture the breakup regimes, namely, bag formation, bag-stamen, multibag and shear breakup, observed in the moderate Weber number range (20–120). We observe an interesting transition regime between bag and shear breakup for We =80, in both simulations as well as experiments, where the formation of multiple lobes, is observed, instead of a single bag, which are connected to each other via thicker rim-like threads that hold them. We show that the transition from bag to shear breakup occurs owing to the rim dynamics which shows retraction under capillary forces at We =80, whereas the rim is sheared away with flow at We =120 thus resulting in a backward facing bag. The drop characteristics and timescales obtained in simulations are in good agreement with experiments. The drop size distribution after the breakup shows bimodal nature for the single-bag breakup mode and a unimodal nature following lognormal distribution for higher Weber numbers.
Total parenteral nutrition increases mortality after hemorrhage (1991)

TPN and AA increased mortality in animals after hemorrhage. PEP was associated with zero mortality and protection of liver function after hemorrhage.
Transformation behaviour and unusual twinning in a NiTi shape memory alloy ausformed using equal channel angular extrusion (2005)

In this study, the microstructure and phase transformation behaviour of Ti–50.8 at.% Ni alloy severely deformed using equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) were investigated. The aim of the study was to reveal the effect of severe plastic deformation on the interplay between plastic deformation via dislocation slip and twinning and forward and reverse martensitic transformation. The samples were processed at room temperature, i.e. slightly above the austenite finish temperature, and at 450°C, i.e. well above the austenite finish temperature. Transformation temperatures and multiple step transformation after processing and after low-temperature annealing were studied. The unique findings were: (1) the observation of a mixture of heavily deformed B2 (austenite) and B19′ (martensite) phases in the samples processed at room temperature, although martensite stabilization was expected; (2) the observation of highly organized, twin-related nanograins in the B2 phase of the samples deformed at room temperature, which was attributed to the (SIM, stress-induced martensitic transformation; SPD, severe plastic deformation) transformation sequence; and (3) the simultaneous observation of B2 austenite and strain-induced B19′ martensite in the samples deformed at 450°C. Strain-induced martensite in NiTi alloys is reported for the first time. The formation of well-organized, twin-related nanograins via severe plastic deformation opens a new opportunity for twinning-induced grain boundary engineering in NiTi alloys, which is believed to improve the cyclic stability and fatigue resistance of these alloys.
A Direct and Efficient alpha-Selective Glycosylation Protocol for the Kedarcidin Sugar, L-Mycarose: AgPF(6) as a Remarkable Activator of 2-Deoxythioglycosides This work was supported by CREST, and fellowships (to M.J.L. and F.Y.) from the Japanese Society for the Promotion of Science are gratefully acknowledged. (2001)

The α-selective effect and potency of AgPF<sub>6</sub> on readily prepared 2-deoxythioglycosides allows the direct attachment of a partially protected allo-sugar, such as L-mycarose, to an advanced and hindered aglycon unit of kedarcidin. This method also permits access to other 2-deoxyglycosides in an expedient and mild manner. PMBM=p-methoxybenzyloxymethyl, Alloc=allyloxycarbonyl, TES=triethylsilyl.
Antitumor activity of daphnane‐type diterpene gnidimacrin isolated from Stellera chamaejasme L (1996)

The daphnane-type diterpene gnidimacrin, isolated from the root of the Chinese plant, Stellera chamaejasme L., was found to strongly inhibit cell growth of human leukemias, stomach cancers and non-small cell lung cancers in vitro at concentrations of 10−9 to 10−10 M. On the other hand, even at 10−8 to 10−5 M, the small cell lung cancer cell line H69 and the hepatoma cell line HLE were refractory to gnidimacrin. The agent showed significant antitumor activity against murine leukemias and solid tumors in an in vivo system. In K562, a sensitive human leukemia cell line, gnidimacrin induced blebbing of the cell surface, which was completely inhibited by staurosporine at concentrations above 10−8 M, and arrested the cell cycle transiently to G2 and finally the G1 phase at growth-inhibitory concentrations. It inhibited phorbol-12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu) binding to K562 cells and directly stimulated protein kinase C (PKC) activity in the cells in a dose-dependent manner (3–100 nM). Although activation of PKC isolated from refractory H69 cells was observed only with 100 nM gnidimacrin, the degree of activation was lower than that produced by 3 nM in K562 cells. Our results suggest that gnidimacrin acts as a PKC activator for tumor cells and that this mechanism may be responsible for its antitumor activity. © 11996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Ray Tracing Hardware Architecture for Dynamic Scenes (2004)

This thesis describes a ray tracing hardware architecture for dynamic scenes that makes it possible to ray trace highly complex scenes in real time. Ray tracing of dynamic scenes does not seem to be efficiently possible, as ray tracing requires an acceleration structure whose creation is very costly. The well-known solution to this problem is to partition the scene into movable objects, which causes to use a top-level acceleration structure over the objects, and a bottom-level acceleration structure in each object. The presented architecture efficiently supports such partitioned scenes by using one transformation unit for both the triangle intersection and the object space transformation. A prototype of the hardware architecture has been implemented into an FPGA which is in fact the first working special purpose real time ray tracing hardware available today. The performance and implementation details of this prototype are discussed in detail at the end of this thesis.
A Neuromorphic Event-Based Neural Recording System for Smart Brain-Machine-Interfaces (2015)

Neural recording systems are a central component of Brain-Machince Interfaces (BMIs). In most of these systems the emphasis is on faithful reproduction and transmission of the recorded signal to remote systems for further processing or data analysis. Here we follow an alternative approach: we propose a neural recording system that can be directly interfaced locally to neuromorphic spiking neural processing circuits for compressing the large amounts of data recorded, carrying out signal processing and neural computation to extract relevant information, and transmitting only the low-bandwidth outcome of the processing to remote computing or actuating modules. The fabricated system includes a low-noise amplifier, a delta-modulator analog-to-digital converter, and a low-power band-pass filter. The bio-amplifier has a programmable gain of 45-54 dB, with a Root Mean Squared (RMS) input-referred noise level of 2.1 μV, and consumes 90 μW . The band-pass filter and delta-modulator circuits include asynchronous handshaking interface logic compatible with event-based communication protocols. We describe the properties of the neural recording circuits, validating them with experimental measurements, and present system-level application examples, by interfacing these circuits to a reconfigurable neuromorphic processor comprising an array of spiking neurons with plastic and dynamic synapses. The pool of neurons within the neuromorphic processor was configured to implement a recurrent neural network, and to process the events generated by the neural recording system in order to carry out pattern recognition.
Plasmonic Mode Engineering with Templated Self-Assembled Nanoclusters (2012)

Plasmonic nanoparticle assemblies are a materials platform in which optical modes, resonant frequencies, and near-field intensities can be specified by the number and position of nanoparticles in a cluster. A current challenge is to achieve clusters with higher yields and new types of shapes. In this Letter, we show that a broad range of plasmonic nanoshell nanoclusters can be assembled onto a lithographically defined elastomeric substrate with relatively high yields using templated assembly. We assemble and measure the optical properties of three cluster types: Fano-resonant heptamers, linear chains, and rings of nanoparticles. The yield of heptamer clusters is measured to be over 30%. The assembly of plasmonic nanoclusters on an elastomer paves the way for new classes of plasmonic nanocircuits and colloidal metamaterials that can be transfer-printed onto various substrate media.
Carbohydrate Mimotopes in the Rational Design of Cancer Vaccines (2005)

The task of rationally designing vaccines that can effectively impact on the survival of cancer patients remains challenging. Monoclonal antibodies and T cell receptors have proven to be viable templates for the application of pharmacophore design principles to develop antigens and immunogens as these immune system molecules recognize a variety of sequentially and structurally unrelated ligands. This structural information combined with immunological assessment has contributed to the development of strategies to elicit effective humoral and cellular responses to cancer cells. Understanding the structural requirements for antibody and T cell recognition provides a basis for identifying potentially new sets of immunogens that may have both fundamental immunological and clinical value. Here we review the structural concepts and approaches used in vaccine design applications that illustrate the value and limitations of using chemical (peptide libraries) and immunological information to define novel peptide immunogens that function as mimotopes to generate immune responses targeting tumor associated carbohydrate antigens.
A Novel Pick-Up and Place Process for FO-WLP Using Tape Expansion Machine Device (2017)

Wafer Level Package (WLP) is a packaging technology focusing on IC packaging at wafer level instead of chip level. Conventional WLPs are designed for fan-in chip scale packaging but the shrinkage of pad pitch and size at the chip to package interface is much faster than the shrinkage at the package to board interface. Fan-Out Wafer Level Package (FO-WLP) is key technology to solve this problem. FO-WLP is generally break into two categories: Mold-first and RDL-first. General Mold-first FO-WLP process steps are follows. 1) Wafer patterning form, 2) Wafer mount on the dicing tape, 3) Dicing, 4) Pick-up and place chips to separate it to necessary distance onto carrier material, silicon or glass wafer, 5) Mold to cover the whole chips, 6) Remove the carrier material, 7) Redistribution Layer (RDL) form, 8) Under Bump Metallization, 9) BGA Ball attach and reflow 10) Dicing. The merit of WLP is wafer level process instead of chip level to decrease manufacturing cost. However, process step 4, pick-up and place is still chip level process, thus this process is a bottleneck process for FO-WLP. We propose a novel pick-up and place process for FO-WLP using tape expansion machine device. We develop a tape expansion machine device that can expand a tape to X-Y lateral expansion, individual control for X-Y. Using this machine device, tape can be widely expanded to control the distance of chip to chip voluntarily.
[Effects of atracurium pretreatment with magnesium on speed of onset, duration, and recovery of neuromuscular blockade]. (2009)

Prior administration of magnesium sulphate can increase the onset speed of atracurium and prolong the duration of atracurium-induced neuromuscular blockade.
Surface Modification and Bonding of Poly (dimethylsiloxane) by Oxygen Plasma Treatment under Medium Vacuum (2005)

Bonding is one of key processes for fabrication of microfluidic chip.Normally poly(dimethylsiloxane)(PDMS) replica,the most popular microfluidic chip material,were bonded after activated by oxygen plasma in high vacuum(pressure lower than 10 Pa),which need expensive pumps.Here a method was developed for modifying and bonding PDMS replicas in middle vacuum(pressure higher than 13.3 Pa) by oxygen plasma.After treated by oxygen plasma 2~70 s in a system equipped with a normal oil pump(background vacuum 27 Pa),the PDMS replicas were irreversibly sealed when the treated surfaces were brought into touch.Operation parameters,irritation voltage and treatment time,were optimized.And the hydrophilic behavior of PDMS was improved greatly after activating and then decreased slowly to hydrophobic as same as before treatment,but could be kept for a long time by immersed into water immediately after bonding.Compared with the reported procedures using oxygen plasma pretreatment under high vacuum,the presented approach needs simpler and cheaper equipment,and has a higher efficiency.And the bonded chip has same intensity and surface properties,which was proved by FTIR,TEM and contact angle measurement.Other polymer microfluidic replica,e.g.,PMMA,PET,PC etc could be activated and sealed by this method too.
The Biosynthesis of the Molybdenum Cofactor in<i>Escherichia coli</i>and Its Connection to FeS Cluster Assembly and the Thiolation of tRNA (2014)

The thiolation of biomolecules is a complex process that involves the activation of sulfur. The L-cysteine desulfurase IscS is the main sulfur mobilizing protein in Escherichia coli that provides the sulfur from L-cysteine to several important biomolecules in the cell such as iron sulfur (FeS) clusters, molybdopterin (MPT), thiamine, and thionucleosides of tRNA. Various proteins mediate the transfer of sulfur from IscS to various biomolecules using different interaction partners. A direct connection between the sulfur-containing molecules FeS clusters, thiolated tRNA, and the molybdenum cofactor (Moco) has been identified. The first step of Moco biosynthesis involves the conversion of 5′GTP to cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate (cPMP), a reaction catalyzed by a FeS cluster containing protein. Formed cPMP is further converted to MPT by insertion of two sulfur atoms. The sulfur for this reaction is provided by the L-cysteine desulfurase IscS in addition to the involvement of the TusA protein. TusA is also involved in the sulfur transfer for the thiolation of tRNA. This review will describe the biosynthesis of Moco in E. coli in detail and dissects the sulfur transfer pathways for Moco and tRNA and their connection to FeS cluster biosynthesis.