gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of fatty acid chain length and saturation on the gastrointestinal handling and metabolic disposal of dietary fatty acids in women (1999)

The gastrointestinal handling and metabolic disposal of [1-13C]palmitic acid, [1-13C]stearic acid and [1-13C]oleic acid administered within a lipid-casein-glucose-sucrose emulsion were examined in normal healthy women by determining both the amount and nature of the 13C label in stool and label excreted on breath as 13CO2. The greatest excretion of 13C label in stool was in the stearic acid trial (9.2% of administered dose) whilst comparatively little label was observed in stool in either the palmitic acid (1.2% of administered dose) or oleic acid (1.9% of administered dose) trials. In both the palmitic acid and oleic acid trials, all of the label in stool was identified as being present in the form in which it was administered (i.e. [13C]palmitic acid in the palmitic acid trial and [13C]oleic acid in the oleic acid trial). In contrast, only 87% of the label in the stool in the stearic acid trial was identified as [13C]stearic acid, the remainder was identified as [13C]palmitic acid which may reflect chain shortening of [1-13C]stearic acid within the gastrointestinal tract. Small, but statistically significant, differences were observed in the time course of recovery of 13C label on breath over the initial 9 h of the study period (oleic acid = palmitic acid > stearic acid). However, when calculated over the 24 h study period, the recovery of the label as 13CO2 was similar in all three trials (approximately 25% of absorbed dose). These results support the view that chain length and degree of unsaturation may influence the gastrointestinal handling and immediate metabolic disposal of these fatty acids even when presented within an emulsion.
$\hbox{HfO}_{2}$–III-Nitride RF Switch With Capacitively Coupled Contacts (2009)

We report on the first metal-oxide-semiconductor AlGaN/GaN radio-frequency (RF) switch with capacitively coupled contacts using a HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> layer as the gate dielectric and surface passivation layer. The new insulating-gate RF switch has a lower leakage current and can handle higher RF powers than AlGaN/GaN HFET switches.
Chemical and Optical Properties of Electrochromic Nickel Oxide Films (1985)

Thin films of nickel oxide-nickel hydroxide are investigated to determine electrochromic switching properties. Crystalline nickel oxide films are synthesized by electrochemical deposition and by anodization of nickel electrodes. Electrochemical deposition using nickel sulfate-based chemistry is used to deposit films directly on doped tin oxide-coated glass. Spectral solar transmittance is obtained for films switched in liquid cells containing a KOH electrolyte. The solar transmittance (T<sub>s</sub>) can be switched from T<sub>s</sub> (bleached) = 0.73 to T<sub>s</sub> (colored)= 0.35 for films with thickness of about 500 Å. Voltammetric data is correlated to known electrochemical processes for nickel electrodes. The nickel oxide films are chemically analyzed using a sputter-Auger microprobe and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. As a result of combined analysis, it was determined that these films transform from uncolored to colored states by the reversible transformation of nickel hydroxide Ni(OH)<sub>2</sub> to nickel oxyhydroxide NiOOH and that dehydrated films correspond chemically to NiO.
HLA sharing and history of miscarriage among women with rheumatoid arthritis. (1997)

An increased frequency of recurrent spontaneous abortions (RSA), defined as three or more pregnancy losses without an identifiable cause, has been reported among women who share HLA alleles with their partner. A similar association has also been reported for women who have decreased fecundity. No specific HLA alleles have been identified as being the important etiological factor, raising the possibility that the observed sharing may represent a marker for sharing of other closely linked susceptibility genes. 12 refs., 1 tab.
Active positioning control of single cell/microbead in a micro-well array chip by dielectrophoresis (2005)

We present a micro-well array chip operated by negative dielectrophoresis for active positioning control of single cell or microbead. The prototype chip has been designed and fabricated to validate concept feasibility in a 2/spl times/2 micro-well array using silicon substrate and PDMS channel structures. We have successfully demonstrated capturing experiments of single polystyrene microbead (15/spl mu/m) into each micro-well by dielectrophoresis with control electrical signals of 10V/sub pp/ at 1 MHz.
ANALYSIS OF THE URINARY RISK FACTORS OF UROLITHIASIS IN HEALTHY CHILDREN (1989)

Since incidence of idiopathic calcium oxalate urolithiasis in children was very low, a study was made to analyze the risk factors of calcium oxalate stone in male volunteers without any episode of urolithiasis. They were divided into four groups, group I: eight years old, group II: 11 years old, group III: 18 to 24 years old, group IV: 41 to 45 years old. Inhibitory activities of urine were significantly higher in groups of children than in groups of adults. However, inhibitory activities of filtered urine, extracted through filters with conserved limit of 25000 of molecular weight, were reduced significantly. Therefore, it was suggested that materials with molecular weight over 25000 participated in the inhibitory activities. Furthermore, the activities of filtered urine of group I were still higher than those of the non-filtered urine in groups of adults. Accordingly it was considered that substances less than 25000 of molecular weight also participated in the inhibitory activities in children. An analysis of uric acid, citrate, magnesium and uronic acid in urine revealed that magnesium excretion volume and magnesium concentration ratio to creatinine were higher in children than in adults. Magnesium seemed to boost the inhibitory activities in children. In the measurement of crystalloid materials, the concentration of calcium was significantly lower in children groups than in groups of adults. It seemed that calcium also takes part in reduction of incidence of urinary stone in children.
Flavanones, chalcones and dihydrochalcones - nature, occurrence and dietary burden (2000)

This paper reviews the occurrence in foods of flavanones, chalcones and dihydrochalcones. The major dietary sources of flavanones and dihydrochalcones are citrus fruits and apples respectively. These compounds may make a greater contribution to the total daily intake of flavonoids than the more extensively studied flavonols. There are no data for plasma or tissue levels, but both endogenous and gut flora metabolites of both classes of compound are found in urine. For these reasons, these compounds deserve greater attention in epidemiological studies. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
High Affinity Carboxylate Binding Using Neutral Urea-Based Receptors with Internal Lewis Acid Coordination (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHigh Affinity Carboxylate Binding Using Neutral Urea-Based Receptors with Internal Lewis Acid CoordinationMartin Patrick Hughes, Maoyu Shang, and Bradley D. SmithView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 14, 4510–4511Publication Date (Web):July 12, 1996Publication History Received5 June 1996Published online12 July 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9608026https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9608026rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views904Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Anions,Noncovalent interactions,Organic compounds,Receptors,Urea Get e-Alerts
Retinoic acid induces cholinergic differentiation of NTera 2 human embryonal carcinoma cells (1995)

Retinoic acid (RA), a natural metabolite of vitamin A, influences the survival and neurotransmitter phenotype of several classes of vertebrate neurons during development. We now report that RA induces a subpopulation of NTera 2/clone D1 (NT2) human embryonal carcinoma cells to differentiate into postmitotic cells with cholinergic properties (NT2-N cells). After growth for 6 days in the presence of RA (10 microM) low levels of the acetylcholine-synthesizing enzyme choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) were detected in NT2 cell cultures. ChAT activity in the NT2 cell cultures continued to increase for at least an additional 22 days to a final activity of 50 pmol ACh synthesized/min/mg protein. Immunohistochemical staining of RA-treated cultures demonstrated that only those cells with a neuronal morphology (NT2-N cells) expressed the human ChAT protein. Since such cells comprised a small proportion (approximately 20%) of the population, the ChAT activity per neuronal cell was estimated to approach 250-300 pmol ACh/min/mg protein. Cultures composed of > 95% NT2-N cells had significantly lower ChAT specific activities and this could be increased by either ciliary neurotrophic factor or leukemia inhibitory factor, but not by nerve growth factor. We conclude that NT2 cells provide a system in which to study the molecular events that underlie neurotransmitter choice during the differentiation of human cholinergic neurons.
Unsupervised Pretraining Transfers Well Across Languages (2020)

Cross-lingual and multi-lingual training of Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) has been extensively investigated in the supervised setting. This assumes the existence of a parallel corpus of speech and orthographic transcriptions. Recently, contrastive predictive coding (CPC) algorithms have been proposed to pretrain ASR systems with unlabelled data. In this work, we investigate whether unsupervised pretraining transfers well across languages. We show that a slight modification of the CPC pretraining extracts features that transfer well to other languages, being on par or even outperforming supervised pretraining. This shows the potential of unsupervised methods for languages with few linguistic resources.
Taurine, Hypotaurine, Epinephrine and Albumin Inhibit Lipid Peroxidation in Rabbit Spermatozoa and Protect Against Loss of Motility (1983)

Loss of forward motility of rabbit epididymal spermatozoa in high K+ phosphate buffer is inhibited by taurine, hypotaurine, epinephrine and bovine serum albumin. Pyruvate and lactate also show this effect. The rate of lipid peroxidation in these spermatozoa, as measured by rate of formation of malondialdehyde, is also inhibited by these agents. A close linear correlation between percent inert spermatozoa and malondialdehyde was found, which was independent of the rate of peroxidation. Complete cessation of motility was observed at 0.5 nmol malondialdehyde/10(8) cells in the absence or presence of these agents, which is the same value found in other suspending media in a previous study [Alvarez and Storey (1982) Biol. Reprod. 27:1102-1108]. Albumin was the most effective agent in preventing loss of motility and inhibiting lipid peroxidation. Hypotaurine was the next most effective, followed by taurine, epinephrine, pyruvate and lactate. Hypotaurine reduces the amount of rate of superoxide production, as measured by the rate of reduction of acetylated ferricytochrome c by O(2), from rabbit sperm under these conditions and concomitantly reduces inactivation of the superoxide dismutase in these cells. Since superoxide seems to be the major inducer of lipid peroxidation in rabbit sperm, the protective effect of hypotaurine, which should be readily permeant to the plasma membrane, may be ascribed to scavenging of intracellular superoxide. The mechanism of the protective action of albumin is not known. Rabbit epididymal spermatozoa lose motility over time if Ca2+ or Mg2+ are omitted from the suspending medium.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Direct collection of lead in the atmosphere by impaction for determination by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometry (1984)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect collection of lead in the atmosphere by impaction for determination by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectrometryJoseph. SneddonCite this: Anal. Chem. 1984, 56, 11, 1982–1986Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1984Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1984https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00275a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00275a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Premenstrual tension syndrome: The development of research diagnostic criteria and new rating scales (1980)

Research diagnostic criteria for premenstrual tension syndrome (PMTS) are developed using data collected from a study of 42 women who were suffering from severe PMTS but were well at other times. Two specific scales are also devised for rating the severity of PMTS, a 36-item self-report questionnaire and a 10-item scale for use by therapist/researcher. It is proposed that after further evaluation and validation, these instruments may permit more useful comparisons of data on the etiology and treatment of this disorder.
Muscarinic M2‐receptors enhance polyphosphoinositol release in rat gastric mucosal cells (1986)

Muscarinic receptor types and their effects on the inositol phosphate second messenger system were studied in enzymatically dispersed rat gastric mucosal cells. Radioreceptor binding studies indicated the presence of a single class of binding sites (4860 +/- 875 sites/cell) and affinities of 0.42 +/- 0.12 nM, 176 +/- 32 nM and 13 microM for N-methylscopolamine, pirenzepine and carbachol, respectively. In cells prelabelled with myo-[3H]inositol carbachol induced a dose-dependent increase in inositol-1-phosphate in the presence of lithium with an ED50 of 10 microM which was antagonized by atropine and pirenzepine (IC50 9 and 700 nM, respectively). Carbachol stimulated amino[14C]pyrine uptake, used as a measure of acid secretion, with an ED50 of 10 microM. The good correlation between these responses suggests a role for inositol phosphates in the muscarinic M2-receptor mediated acid secretion.
Elevated levels of umbilical cord plasma corticotropin-releasing hormone in growth-retarded fetuses. (1993)

CRH is synthesized in the hypothalamus and released in response to stress into the portal hypophyseal blood; an additional site of synthesis, the placenta, is present only during pregnancy. Placental CRH is released into the maternal and fetal circulation during human pregnancy, and we hypothesized that the chronic fetal stress associated with fetal growth retardation may stimulate placental CRH release. We measured plasma CRH concentrations in the umbilical cord blood of 28 growth-retarded fetuses and 28 normally grown fetuses matched for gestational age and mode of delivery. Plasma ACTH, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS), and cortisol were also measured in the umbilical cord samples to determine if CRH levels were correlated with levels of pituitary and adrenal hormones. The mean umbilical cord plasma CRH level in the growth-retarded fetuses was 206 +/- 25.8 pmol/L, which was significantly higher than that in the normally grown fetuses matched for gestational age, presence or absence of labor, and mode of delivery (49.4 +/- 16.7 pmol/L; P < 0.01). The mean plasma ACTH level in the growth-retarded fetuses (5.7 +/- 1.2 pmol/L) was significantly higher than that in the normally grown fetuses (3.3 +/- 0.7 pmol/L; P < 0.05). The mean cortisol concentration in the growth-retarded fetuses was 260 +/- 32.5 nmol/L, and that in the normally grown fetuses was 220 +/- 40 nmol/L. The mean DHEAS level was significantly lower in the growth-retarded fetuses (4.8 +/- 0.6 mumol/L) than that in the normally grown fetuses (7.7 +/- 0.6 mumol/L; P < 0.001). There was a significant correlation between umbilical cord plasma CRH and both ACTH and cortisol concentrations as well as a significant negative correlation between CRH and DHEAS levels in the growth-retarded fetuses. The umbilical cord plasma CRH level is extremely elevated in growth-retarded fetuses compared to that in normal fetuses. Placental CRH, like hypothalamic CRH, may be stimulated in conditions of chronic stress and may modulate fetal pituitary-adrenal function in high risk pregnancies.
Effect of surface treatment of graphene nanoplatelets for improvement of thermal and electrical properties of epoxy composites (2015)

In this study, in order to improve the thermal and electrical properties of epoxy/graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs), surface modifications of GNPs are conducted using silane coupling agents. Three silane coupling agents, i.e. 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)-ethyltrimethoxysilane (ETMOS), 3-glycidoxypropyltriethoxysilane (GPTS), and 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GPTMS), were used. Among theses, GPTMS exhibits the best modification performance for fabricating GNP-incorporated epoxy composites. The effect of the silanization is evaluated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The electrical and thermal conductivities are characterized. The epoxy/silanized GNPs exhibits higher thermal and electrical properties than the epoxy/raw GNPs due to the improved dispersion state of the GNPs in the epoxy matrix. The TEM microphotographs and Turbiscan data demonstrate that the silane molecules grafted onto the GNP surface improve the GNP dispersion in the epoxy.
Acquisition of a permanent magnet linear synchronous motor's electrical parameters and dead beat current control considering saturation (2003)

A dead beat current control for a short stator permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) requires accurate knowledge of its electrical parameters. This paper presents a method to acquire simultaneously saturation and position dependent self- and mutual differential inductances as characteristic diagrams at standstill. The combination of two current transients provides at the crossing of the current trajectories four independent electric equations to calculate four independent differential inductances. The method does not require a special measurement setup, except that the mover has to be fixed and is robust against voltage errors induced by the inverter's nonlinear characteristics. By combining the characteristic diagrams for evenly distributed positions within two pole pitches, the mover fixed inductances are extracted. Remaining inductances contain stator fixed and higher order saliencies. While a dead beat controller relies on a state invariant model, the given controller is adapted to the operating point and features an additional integral branch. This makes the controller robust against parameter variation during the sampling intervals, at minimum deviation of the ideal dead beat characteristic. The achieved inductance characteristics and the control performance of the controller, adapted to the measured inductances, are presented.
Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosuppression and Anti-Inflammatory Activities by Glucocorticoids (1996)

"Molecular Mechanisms of Immunosuppression and Anti-inflammatory Activities by Glucocorticoids." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, 154(2_pt_2), pp. S11–S15
Differential Calorimetry of Thermally Induced Processes in Solution (1967)

An apparatus for the differential thermal analysis of small (1.7 ml) samples of solutions is described. A heat effect amounting to 50 cal per liter of solution taking place over a 30° temperature interval can be measured with a precision of 5%, and a change in heat capacity of the solution amounting to 2 cal deg−1 per liter of solution can be measured with a precision of 15%.
Age-Adjusted Heart Rate Variability as an Index of the Severity and Prognosis of Heart Failure (2000)

The age-adjusted, heart rate variability (HRV) was evaluated as a parameter for the severity of heart failure and its prognosis. HRV was obtained by 24-h Holter monitoring in patients with left ventricular dysfunction (LVD). New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional classification, echocardiography, radioisotope ventriculography, and blood examination were performed, and compared between patients and normal subjects. The evaluation was repeated during the follow-up period. Finally, using the lower limit of HRV, patients were divided into either normal or abnormal group for each low-frequency power (LF) and high-frequency power (HF) (age-adjusted HRV). Other parameters of heart failure and prognosis were compared between these 2 groups. HRV tended to be lower in patients with LVD. HF decreased at the early stage of heart failure, but did not decrease progressively. LF decreased progressively. HRV change paralleled the change of NYHA. The abnormal HRV group showed a poor prognosis for cardiac death, but not for sudden cardiac death. In patients with LVD, HRV was decreased compared with the normal subjects. Change in HRV correlated with the change in NYHA classification. Age-adjusted HRV correlated with cardiac-death prognosis, but not for sudden cardiac death.
<i>New Perspectives on the French Revolution: Readings in Historical Sociology</i>, edited by Jeffry Kaplow (1967)

"New Perspectives on the French Revolution: Readings in Historical Sociology, edited by Jeffry Kaplow." Canadian Journal of History, 2(2), pp. 97–98
Hyperbaric Oxygen for Treatment of Closed Head Injury (1994)

Traumatic and vascular brain injuries consist of acute episodes followed by development of chronic components of varying magnitude and duration whose potentials for recovery differ. We discuss a case of closed head injury in which interventional hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) with single photon emission computed tomography were used as aids in determining the presence of recoverable neurons, to follow therapeutic progress, and to determine the end point of therapy. This case also shows the successful use of intensive HBO as a therapeutic modality.