gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
USE OF THE ANTERIOR FLOOR REACTION ORTHOSIS IN PATIENTS WITH CEREBRAL PALSY (1984)

T h e knee jo in t that is uns tab le in the sagit tal p lane can b e control led b y us ing one of three types o f o r thoses : k n e e , k n e e ankle-foot , or an ter ior floor reac t ion or tho­ sis . If the ankle mor t i se is unaffected, a knee or thos is a lone , wi th a mechan ica l locking m e c h a n i s m , can effectively guard agains t inadver tent knee f lexion. The re are m a n y des igns of knee o r thoses that wi l l accompl i sh this as long as su spens ion can b e ach ieved and tolerated. T h i s form o f ambu la t ion wi th locked knees lends for a r ig id , energyinef f ic ient gai t pat tern . T h i s s ame gait pat tern is demons t ra ted w h e n the pa t ien t wi th an uns tab le ex t rem­ ity uses the knee-anklefoot or thosis and drop lock m e c h a n i s m . Al though the K A F O solves the suspens ion p rob lem and con­ trols an uns tab le ankle mor t i s e , it still of­ fers an energyinef f ic ient gait pat tern, in­ terferes wi th ba lance m e c h a n i s m s , and is heav ie r than the knee or thos is . In pa t ien ts w i th cerebra l palsy, l abored gai t assoc ia ted wi th excess ive knee f lexion in s tance phase has p resen ted the o r tho­ paedis t and orthot is t wi th s ignif icant dif­ ficult ies in t rea tment . Crouch gait c o m ­ m e n c e s w i th overac t iv i ty of the h a m ­ s t r ings , w h i c h increases knee f lexion, and thus requi res large increases in quadr iceps force to s tabi l ize the k n e e 2 (Figure 1 ) . Cal­ caneus deformity, a k n o w n compl ica t ion o f ove r l eng thened hee lcords fo l lowing tendo-Achilles l e n g t h e n i n g s , also s igni f i ­ cant ly adds to further p rogress ion of c rouch gai t . R e a s o n s c i ted for th is compl i ­ ca t ion inc lude overcor rec t ion , failure to protect the heelcords postoperat ively , and l eng then ing of the t endo-Achi l l es w h e n s ignif icant h ip and kneef lex ion deformi­ t ies r ema in uncor rec ted (Figure 2 ) .
Mode coupling in circular-cylindrical system and its application to fingerprint resonators (1990)

Coupled-mode equations are given in the circular-cylindrical coordinate system for the evaluation of two-dimensional fingerprint resonators. The general form of coupled-mode equations is outlined. The coupling coefficients are found for transverse electric and transverse magnetic modes. The quality value Q is defined, and a numerical evaluation is given. A detailed derivation of the coupled-mode equations is given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduction of tamoxifen resistance in human breast carcinomas by tamoxifen-containing liposomes in vivo (2004)

We investigated whether it is possible to reduce anti-estrogen resistance using liposomally encapsulated tamoxifen in vivo. Small liposomal vesicles containing up to 5.1 mg tamoxifen/ml liposomal suspension, together with an alkylphospholipid to enhance the cellular uptake, were prepared and characterized. Mice transplanted with different tumor models were treated with tamoxifen liposomes administered i.p. or orally as a bolus dose of 50 mg/kg once a week or as a daily dose of 10 mg/kg/day, both during a 4-week period. After orally administered tamoxifen liposomes, tumor growth was significantly reduced for the 3366/tamoxifen (acquired resistance) and for the MCF-7 (inherent resistance) models to 47 and 16%, respectively (treated to control value of relative tumor volume). Intraperitoneal treatment with tamoxifen liposomes revealed similar results. Investigation of biodistribution revealed especially an accumulation of liposomal tamoxifen in MCF-7 tumors and livers of the treated mice. These liposomes had uterotrophic properties comparable to the dissolved compound. This study demonstrates for the first time that a liposomal formulation of tamoxifen was able to induce pharmacological effects and to improve the therapeutic efficacy in several anti-estrogen-resistant xenografts.
Real application testing with database replay (2009)

Oracle Database Replay provides a new way to test changes to a database system by reproducing the real user workload in a test environment. It helps to identify potential problems after software or hardware upgrades, patches, or changes to database parameters, schema or data. Any interesting workload period of a production database system can be captured with minimal overhead. The captured workload can be used to drive a test system while maintaining the concurrency and load characteristics of the real production workload. The replay does not depend on any other software including the application itself. It reliably reproduces the captured workload to support early diagnosis and troubleshooting. In this paper we discuss the analysis of replay results and introduce a new compare-period report, which assists with a detailed performance comparison of the capture and its replays with respect to changes. We demonstrate its usefulness in a case study involving an upgrade for a Siebel financial application, where Database Replay identifies performance problems after the upgrade and helps correcting them.
Programming contact tasks using a reality-based virtual environment integrated with vision (1999)

We present an integrated system in which an operator uses a simulated environment to program part-mating and contact tasks. Generation of models within this virtual environment is facilitated using a fast, occlusion tolerant, 3D grey-scale vision system which can recognize and accurately locate objects within the work site. A major goal of this work is to make robotic programming easy and intuitive for untrained users working with standard desktop hardware. Simulation offers the ease-of-use benefits of "programming by demonstration", coupled with the ability to create a programmer-friendly virtual environment. Within a simulated environment, it is also straightforward to track and interpret an operator's actions. The simulator models objects as polyhedra and implements full 3D contact dynamics. When a manipulation task is completed, local planning techniques are used to turn the virtual environment's motion sequence history into a set of robot motion commands capable of realizing the prescribed task.
Towards a Parallelising COBOL Compiler (1996)

This paper briefly describes some of the fundamental issues in developing an automatic parallelising COBOL compiler. The rationale for such a tool and its connection with research in scientific computing is described. This is followed by an account of the useful forms of parallelism to be found in a COBOL program and how they may be detected using dependence analysis. Finally, transformations to uncover parallelism and how this can be mapped onto a parallel architecture are outlined. Key words: Automatic parallelisation, parallel COBOL. 1 Introduction Parallel computing has received considerable interest as a means of obtaining increased computer performance. In order to overcome the difficulties associated with programming parallel computers, parallelising compilers have been promoted as a means of emancipating the programmer from this task [1, 2]. In its full concept, a parallelising compiler accepts as an input a sequential program and transforms it to a parallel one tailored to th...
Polystyrene spheres on mica substrates: AFM calibration, tip parameters and scan artefacts (1996)

Atomic force microscopy (AFM), in various versions, has had major impact as a surface structural and spectroscopic tool since its invention in 1986. At its present state of development, however, the interpretation of AFM images is limited by the current state of methodologies for calibration over the wide dynamic range of magnification. Also, the parameters of individual tips, as well as the generic characteristics of different kinds of tips, affect both the quality of the images and their interpretation. Finally, the very nature of the tip‐to‐surface interaction will generate artefacts, in addition to those associated with tip shape, which need to be fully understood by the practitioners of force microscopy. This project seeks to address and shed light on some of these issues. Polystyrene beads deposited on mica substrates form hexagonal close‐packed layers. The unit cell parameters are suitable for calibration of the AFM in the lateral plane, while the perpendicular spacing of the layers is appropriate for calibration along the vertical axis. Using different size fractions, it is straightforward to determine the extents of linearity, orthogonality, thermal and instrumental drifts over distances from 100 nm to tens of micrometres. The present results show that the methodologies for contact mode operation can be adapted to noncontact modes. It is known that an AFM image arises from a convolution of surface topography and tip shape, and is mediated by the interaction. In principle it is possible to carry out a deconvolution, if we have complete knowledge about two of the three elements (i.e. tip, surface and interaction). In practice we rarely have the requisite information. Prominent artefacts will occur when the characteristic parameters of the tip are comparable to those of the surface topography, and/or if there is a variable strength, or extent of localization, of the interaction. The present results demonstrate artefacts due to effects of geometry as well as interaction.
Stiffness controlled SU-8-based nanocomposites: Application for 1 GHz matching layer conception (2008)

The photoresist SU-8, often used in microtechnology, has been acoustically characterized at a frequency of 1 GHz thanks to thin-disk piezoelectric ZnO transducers. Acoustical characterization of SU-8-based nanocomposites made of SU-8 and nanosize TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and/or SrTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> particles is presented. These nanocomposite materials would be used to achieve acoustical matching between silicon and water at a frequency of 1 GHz and of application for the integration of high frequency ultrasonic transducer in Lab-on-Chip for biological cell characterization.
ECG frequency domain features extraction: a new characteristic for arrhythmias classification (2005)

This article describes a new ECG spectrum feature that allows the classification of dangerous arrhythmia. In order to check the classification effectiveness of this variable, the statistical method known as ANOVA has been used. The results obtained show that this parameter could be an effective classification feature of dangerous arrhythmia with an approximated probability of error of 0.00%.
Root-Knot Nematode—Directed Expression of a Plant Root—Specific Gene (1994)

Root-knot nematodes are obligate plant parasites that induce development of an elaborate feeding site during root infection. Feeding-site formation results from a complex interaction between the pathogen and the host plant in which the nematode alters patterns of plant gene expression within the cells destined to become the feeding site. Expression of TobRB7, a gene expressed only in tobacco roots, is induced during feeding site development. The cis-acting sequences that mediate induction by the nematode are separate from those that control normal root-specific expression. Reporter transgenes driven by the nematode-responsive promoter sequences exhibit expression exclusively in the developing feeding site.
Techniques for femtosecond pulse generation in Ti-sapphire lasers (1991)

Ti:sapphire lasers are now widely recognized as particularly attractive systems for the near infrared spectral region. The broad gain bandwidth of Ti-sapphire (Ti:Al2O3) means that in addition to its large tuning range it can support the generation and amplification of ultrashort pulses in the femtosecond regime. The mode-locking of such lasers has already been demonstrated using a variety of techniques including coupled-cavity (also referred to as additive-pulse or interferential), acousto-optic,1 passive, and self-mode-locking.2
Penicillinase-based amperometric biosensor for penicillin G (2013)

A biosensor for penicillin G was created by immobilizing penicillinase to a gold electrode by means of a cysteine self-assembled monolayer. The biosensor amperometrically monitored the catalytic hydrolysis of penicillin in a very sensible manner. Furthermore, it was successfully used to measure the Michaelis–Menten enzymatic constant and a low limit of detection of 4.5 nM was obtained.
Effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and related compounds on the occupied nuclear estrogen receptor in MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (1990)

Treatment of MCF-7 human breast cancer cells with 17 beta-[3H]estradiol resulted in a rapid accumulation of occupied nuclear estrogen receptor complex in which levels were maximized within 1 h and decreased after 3 h. Pretreatment of the cells with 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) 6 or 12 h prior to the addition of the radiolabeled hormone resulted in a 38 and 63% reduction in the levels of the occupied nuclear estrogen receptor, respectively, whereas addition of TCDD 1 h prior to the radioligand did not cause any significant change in the levels of the occupied nuclear receptor using velocity sedimentation analysis. Moreover, it was also shown with estrogen receptor antibodies that the TCDD-mediated dose-dependent decrease in occupied nuclear receptor levels was paralleled by a comparable decrease in immunoreactive protein at concentrations of 10(-8) to 10(-11) M TCDD. The reduction in levels of the occupied nuclear estrogen receptor was not due to increased estradiol metabolism since a significant reduction was observed at TCDD concentrations (10(-11) to 10(-13) M) which do not induce cytochrome P-450-dependent monooxygenase enzyme activities in MCF-7 cells. Treatment of the MCF-7 cells with actinomycin D or cycloheximide resulted in a greater than 2-fold increase in levels of the occupied nuclear estrogen receptor, and cotreatment of the cells with both TCDD and these inhibitors significantly decreased levels of the nuclear estrogen receptor complex. The structure-activity relationships for TCDD and several congeners were similar for both the reduction of occupied nuclear estrogen receptor levels and several aryl hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor agonist activities, and these results support a role of the Ah receptor in these processes.
Handwritten Digit String Recognition using Convolutional Neural Network (2018)

String recognition is one of the most important tasks in computer vision applications. Recently the combinations of convolutional neural network (CNN) and recurrent neural network (RNN) have been widely applied to deal with the issue of string recognition. However RNNs are not only hard to train but also time-consuming. In this paper, we propose a new architecture which is based on CNN only, and apply it to handwritten digit string recognition (HDSR). This network is composed of three parts from bottom to top: feature extraction layers, feature dimension transposition layers and an output layer. Motivated by its super performance of DenseNet, we utilize dense blocks to conduct feature extraction. At the top of the network, a CTC (connectionist temporal classification) output layer is used to calculate the loss and decode the feature sequence, while some feature dimension transposition layers are applied to connect feature extraction and output layer. The experiments have demonstrated that, compared to other methods, the proposed method obtains significant improvements on ORAND-CAR-A and ORAND-CAR-B datasets with recognition rates 92.2% and 94.02%, respectively.
Atrial natriuretic peptide binding, cross-linking, and stimulation of cyclic GMP accumulation and particulate guanylate cyclase activity in cultured cells. (1988)

The stimulation of cyclic GMP accumulation and particulate guanylate cyclase activity by atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) was compared to the affinity and number of ANP receptors in eight cultured cell types. At 100 nM, ANP increased cyclic GMP by 13-fold in bovine adrenal cortical, 35-fold in human lung fibroblast, 58-fold in canine kidney epithelial, 60-fold in bovine aortic smooth muscle, 120-fold in rat mammary epithelial, 260-fold in rat Leydig, 300-fold in bovine kidney epithelial, and 475-fold in bovine aortic endothelial cells. ANP (1 microM) increased particulate guanylate cyclase activity by 1.5-, 2.5-, 3.1-, 3.2-, 5.0-, 7.0-, 7.8-, and 8.0-fold in bovine adrenal cortical, bovine aortic smooth muscle, human lung fibroblast, canine kidney epithelial, rat mammary epithelial, rat Leydig, bovine kidney epithelial, and bovine aortic endothelial cells, respectively. Specific 125I-ANP binding to intact rat Leydig (3,000 sites/cell; Kd = 0.11 nM), bovine aortic endothelial (14,000 sites/cell; Kd = 0.09 nM), bovine adrenal cortical (50,000 sites/cell; Kd = 0.12 nM), human lung fibroblast (80,000 sites/cell; Kd = 0.32 nM), and bovine aortic smooth muscle (310,000 sites/cell; Kd = 0.82 nM) cells was saturable and high affinity. No specific and saturable ANP binding was detected in bovine and canine kidney epithelial and rat mammary epithelial cells. Two ANP-binding sites of 66,000 and 130,000 daltons were specifically labeled by 125I-ANP after cross-linking with disuccinimidyl suberate. The 130,000-dalton ANP-binding sites bound to a GTP-agarose affinity column, and the specific activity of guanylate cyclase was increased by 90-fold in this fraction. Our results demonstrate that the increase in cyclic GMP accumulation and particulate guanylate cyclase activity by ANP does not correlate with the affinity and number of ANP-binding sites. These results suggest that multiple populations of ANP receptors exist in these cells and that only one receptor subtype (130,000 daltons) is associated with particulate guanylate cyclase activity.
The extremal mesh and the understanding of 3D surfaces (2002)

Describes a new concept for the description of 3D smooth surfaces: the extremal mesh. In previous works, the author has shown how to extract the extremal lines from 3D images, which are the lines where one of the two principal surface curvatures is locally extremal. He has also shown how to extract the extremal points, which are specific points where the two principal curvatures are both extremal. The extremal mesh is the graph of the surface whose vertices are the extremal points and whose edges are the extremal lines: it is invariant with respect to rigid transforms. The good topological properties of this graph are ensured with a new local geometric invariant of 3D surfaces, that the author calls the Gaussian extremality, and which allows to overcome orientation problems encountered with previous definitions of the extremal lines and points. The author also presents an algorithm to extract the extremal mesh from 3D images, and experiments with synthetic and real 3D medical images showing that this graph can be extremely precise and stable. The extremal mesh and the Gaussian extremality are new insights into the geometrical nature of 3D surfaces, with many promising consequences, some of which are listed here.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Silicon etching mechanisms in a CF4/H2 glow discharge (1987)

Fluorocarbon film deposition onto Si and its influence on the measured Si etch rate in CF4/H2 reactive ion etching in a symmetric two electrode reactor has been studied as a function of CF4/H2 feed gas composition, total gas flow, and applied rf power. For reactive ion etching, the fluorocarbon film thickness on Si increases as the percentage x of H2 in CF4/x% H2 is increased. The fluorocarbon film thickness depends on the total gas flow and is greater for greater gas flows. The observed Si etch rate is controlled by the fluorocarbon film. The Si etch rate is directly proportional to the inverse of the F,C-film thickness for fluorocarbon films thicker than ∼10 Å, which may indicate a diffusion-limited mechanism. Both in-diffusion of fluorine and out-diffusion of SiF4 etch product through the fluorocarbon film are consistent with the decrease of the Si etch rate. The relative importance of the lowering of the atomic F concentration in the gas phase on the Si etch rate, e.g., by the H scavenging mechanism, has also been studied. This reaction can be important for conditions where either the inner walls of the etching apparatus can be maintained free of C,F film throughout the etching experiment, and/or a low hydrogen concentration (≤20%) in the CF4/H2 feed gas is used. For a fixed gas composition of CF4/40% H2, the rf-power dependence of the C,F-film thickness and of the Si etch rate was studied. In reactive ion etching, i.e., if rf power is supplied to the bottom (substrate) electrode, at first a monotonic rise in deposited fluorocarbon film thickness with increasing rf power is observed; at high rf-power levels a dramatic decrease in the C,F-layer thickness occurs, which is concomitant with a greater intensity of near surface lattice disorder (from ion channeling studies) and Si etching. Silicon etching is not observed for lower rf powers. In cases where rf power was supplied to the top electrode only, C,F-film deposition has been observed and no Si etching. These data are consistent with a recombinant model of etch anisotropy.
Vav Is Necessary for Prolactin-stimulated Proliferation and Is Translocated into the Nucleus of a T-cell Line (1995)

Stimulation of the prolactin receptor (PRLr) with ligand activates multiple kinase cascades. The proximal mediators involved in the activation of the PRL-activated Raf-1 cascade in T-cells, however, remain poorly characterized. The role of one proximal signaling protein, namely p95vav, during PRLr signal transduction was examined in the Nb2 T-cell line. The novel results obtained here indicate that Vav is transiently associated with the PRLr and is necessary for PRL-stimulated proliferation. During PRL stimulation, a rapid and dramatic increase in guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) activity was found to be associated with Vav immunoprecipitates. Concomitantly, an increase in Vav phosphorylation on serine-threonine residues was observed. The Vav-associated GEF activation could be inhibited by staurosporine and calphostin, but not herbimycin, suggesting a modulatory role for phosphorylation at serine-threonine residues. Treatment of Nb2 cells with antisense Vav oligonucleotide ablated Vav expression and blocked PRL-driven proliferation, but failed to inhibit PRL-induced GEF activation within Nb2 lysates. These data indicate that GEF activity may not be intrinsic to Vav as has been previously suggested, but either resides in or is complemented by an associated GEF. Subsequent to the transient activation of associated GEF activity, Vav was found to translocate into the Nb2 cell nucleus. Thus, Vav may utilize two independent mechanisms in T-cells, namely the activation of an associated GEF and direct nuclear internalization, to mediate PRLr signaling.
Stability of M13 Phage in Organic Solvents (2016)

The effect of different types of organic solvents on the structural integrity of M13 phages has been directly visualized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy. The exposure of M13 phages to apolar hexane had no effect on the structure of the phages for up to 8 h. In contrast, phages showed ~10-fold contraction into rod-like I-forms and to flattened spheroids with ~12 nm diameter upon exposure to polar organic solvents. We show that this finding can be beneficial for the macromolecular self-assembly and in broader aspects, to enhance the spatial arrangement of desired inorganic nanoparticles in the rapidly developing field of virotronics.