gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Curriculum Learning of Multiple Tasks (2014)

Sharing information between multiple tasks enables algorithms to achieve good generalization performance even from small amounts of training data. However, in a realistic scenario of multi-task learning not all tasks are equally related to each other, hence it could be advantageous to transfer information only between the most related tasks. In this work we propose an approach that processes multiple tasks in a sequence with sharing between subsequent tasks instead of solving all tasks jointly. Subsequently, we address the question of curriculum learning of tasks, i.e. finding the best order of tasks to be learned. Our approach is based on a generalization bound criterion for choosing the task order that optimizes the average expected classification performance over all tasks. Our experimental results show that learning multiple related tasks sequentially can be more effective than learning them jointly, the order in which tasks are being solved affects the overall performance, and that our model is able to automatically discover the favourable order of tasks.
Effect of transition from slip to free molecular flow on gas transport in porous media (2007)

Traditional models, such as the advection-diffusion and the dusty gas models, overlook the contribution of the transition flow regime between the slip and the free molecular flow, on the gas transport in porous media. In this work we demonstrate that, due to the existence of this intermediate regime, the Klinkenberg [Drill. & Prod. Prac. 1941, 200 (1941)] parameter b depends on the pressure. Reported experiments were used to corroborate such an effect and a formulation that extends the Klinkenberg equation—to include the effect of a region at pore scale where both molecule-molecule and molecule-wall interactions are important—was developed. The mathematical form of the extended Klinkenberg equation remains the same, but the slippage Klinkenberg’s parameter b is now a generalized parameter that is a function of Knudsen’s number. It was demonstrated that the widely accepted relation between the parameter b and the Knudsen diffusion coefficient is a good approximation just for Knudsen numbers corresponding to the free molecular flow regime. The model proposed in this paper reproduces the experimental data and predicts practical situations where important errors on total flow rate can be expected if the transition flow regime is neglected in the formalism.
Sleep Fragmentation Indices as Predictors of Daytime Sleepiness and nCPAP Response in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (1998)

Sleep fragmentation and respiratory disturbance measures are used in the assessment of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) but have proved to be disappointingly poor correlates of daytime sleepiness. This study investigates the ability of electroencephalograph (EEG) and non-EEG sleep fragmentation indices to predict both presenting sleepiness and the improvement in sleepiness with subsequent nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) therapy (nCPAP responsive sleepiness). Forty-one patients (36 men, 5 women), ranging from nonsnorers to severe OSA (> 4% O2 dip rate, median 11.1, range 0.4 to 76.5), had polysomnography with microarousal scoring, computerized EEG analysis, autonomic arousal detection, and body movement analysis. All patients received a trial of nCPAP regardless of sleep study outcome. Spearman's correlation analysis showed significant and similar associations between all sleep fragmentation indices with both pretreatment and nCPAP responsive sleepiness. There was no deterioration in sleepiness on nCPAP in the nonsnorers. Using stepwise multiple regression analysis, the best predictor of nCPAP responsive subjective and objective sleepiness was body movement index, explaining 38% and 43% of the variance, respectively. Variability in EEG sleep depth, quantified from computerized EEG analysis, was the only other index to contribute to these models. Together these indices explained 44% and 51% of the subjective and objective response to nCPAP, respectively. These results suggest that sleep fragmentation indices are useful for identifying OSA patients with sleepiness likely to respond to nCPAP.
Antonyms in context (2012)

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<scp>L</scp>,<scp>L</scp>‐3,6‐[Methanothio(2,3‐indolo)methano]piperazin‐2,5‐dion, das kleinste Phallotoxin‐Modellpeptid (1978)

Das Kernstück der Phallotoxine [z. B. Phalloin (1) ] aus dem grünen Knollenblätterpilz, das überbrückte cyclische Dipeptid (2) , wurde jetzt über den cyclischen Thioether synthetisiert. (2) ist ungiftig. magnified image
Lovastatin Inhibition of α-Farnesene Production in Ripening Apple: Precursor Feeding Studies (2001)

Effects of α-farnesene biosynthesis precursors on α-farnesene and ethylene production were studied using Lovastatin-treated or nontreated `Delicious' and `Granny Smith' apples [ Malus sylvestris (L.) Mill. var. domestica (Borkh.) Mansf.]. In nontreated fruit, α-farnesene was detected only in fruit peel (≈3 mm) and not in the more proximal cortical tissue. α-Farnesene was not detectable in preclimacteric fruit peel at harvest. Mevalonic acid lactone (MAL) or farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) induced α-farnesene production when fed to preclimacteric peel tissue, but hydroxymethylglutaric acid (HMG) did not. Fruit stored at 0 °C for 30 days (climacteric fruit) produced α-farnesene, and addition of HMG, MAL, or FPP further increased α-farnesene production. When treated at harvest with Lovastatin at 1.25 mmol·L -1 and stored at 0 °C for 30 days, fruit produced ethylene but did not produce α-farnesene. Whereas MAL and FPP induced α-farnesene production in peel sections from these fruit, HMG did not. Induction of α-farnesene by precursor feeding was concentration-dependent and had no effect on ethylene production. Cortical tissue sections from climacteric fruit did not produce α-farnesene unless HMG, MAL, or FPP were fed during incubation. Including Lovastatin at 0.63 mmol·L -1 in the feeding solution eliminated HMG induced α-farnesene production, but did not affect MAL or FPP-induced α-farnesene production. Neither precursor feeding nor Lovastatin treatment affected ethylene production in cortical tissues. Chemical name used: [1S-[1a (R°), 3α, 7β, 8β (2S°, 4S°), 8αβ]]-1,2,3,7,8,8α-hexahydro-3,7-dimethyl-8-[2-(tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2-yl)ethyl]-1-naphthalnyl 2-methylbutanoate (Lovastatin).
Trace selection for compiling large C application programs to microcode (1988)

Microcode optimization techniques such as code scheduling and resource allocation can benefit significantly by reducing uncertainties in program control flow. A trace selection algorithm with profiling information reduces the uncertainties in program control flow by identifying sequences of frequently invoked basic blocks as traces. These traces are treated as sequential codes for optimization purposes. Optimization based on traces is especially useful when the code size is large and the control structure is complicated enough to defeat hand optimizations. However, most of the experimental results reported to date are based on small benchmarks with simple control structures.For different trace selection algorithms, we report the distribution of control transfers categorized according to their potential impact on the microcode optimizations. The experimental results are based on ten C application programs which exhibit large code size and complicated control structure. The measured data for each program is accumulated across a large number of input files to ensure the reliability of the result. All experiments are performed automatically using our IMPACT C compiler which contains integrated profiling and analysis tools.
Enhanced Accumulation of Pb in Indian Mustard by Soil-Applied Chelating Agents (1997)

Phytoremediation is emerging as a potential cost-effective solution for the remediation of contaminated soils. Because contaminants such as lead (Pb) have limited bioavailability in the soil, a means of solubilizing the Pb in the soil and facilitating its transport to the shoots of plants is vital to the success of phytoremediation. Indian mustard (Brassica juncea) was used to demonstrate the capability of plants to accumulate high tissue concentrations of Pb when grown in Pb-contaminated soil. Concentrations of 1.5% Pb in the shoots of B. juncea were obtained from soils containing 600 mg of Pb/kg amended with synthetic chelates such as EDTA. The accumulation of Pb in the tissue corresponded to the concentration of Pb in the soil and the concentration of EDTA added to the soil. The accumulation of Cd, Cu, Ni, and Zn from contaminated soil amended with EDTA and other synthetic chelators was also demonstrated. The research indicates that the accumulation of metal in the shoots of B. juncea can be enhanced through the application of synthetic chelates to the soil, facilitating high biomass accumulation as well as metal uptake.
Building and optimizing an expert system for ATP design (2003)

A description is presented of an expert system called ADES (ATP design expert system) for the design of automatic train-protection (ATP) systems. (An ATP system is a railway signaling system consisting of a set of logic circuits that control the safe movements of trains within a railway station.) Artificial intelligence techniques proved feasible to address this particular design problem, and ADES, which uses artificial intelligence techniques, makes it possible to design good control circuits to meet operational requirements rapidly by using well-structured, explicitly represented knowledge on ATP. ADES' inference engine works as a partial evaluator for the knowledge representation language KARL which is used to write design rules. Since every circuit produced by the expert system is still expressed in KARL, the KARL interpreter has also been used as a simulator for a designed circuit. Prototypes of the inference engine and the KARL interpreter have been implemented as extended Prolog metainterpreters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Correction of Subnormal Fertility with Copper and Magnesium Supplementation (1987)

Two hundred and four Holstein cows and heifers were randomly assigned to mineral supplement groups 30 d prior to expected calving. Supplement treatment groups were Cu, Mg, Cu plus Mg, and no mineral supplement. The total diet of supplemented groups averaged 15 mg/kg of Cu and .30% of Mg. Pastures consisted of bermudagrass, bahiagrass, and millet during the summer and oats and ryegrass mixture during the winter. Corn and sorghum silage were also fed. Blood samples were taken just prior to initiation of mineral supplementation and at wk 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 postpartum. Hemoglobin and packed cell volume were determined and plasma was assayed for Cu and Mg. First service conception rates were 57% for the Cu plus Mg treatment and 27, 38, and 33% for treatments 1, 2, and 4, respectively. Ninety-two percent of the cows in the Cu plus Mg-group conceived by 210 d postpartum as opposed to an average of 75% for the other groups. Plasma Mg was different among cows grouped on a fertility basis and hemoglobin was correlated with days to conception. Plasma Mg was correlated with hemoglobin. Both were inversely related to postcalving infection and uterine involution. In summary, cows supplemented with both Cu and Mg showed improved fertility, whereas those supplemented with Cu or Mg alone did not.
NANODOTS BELOW THE SURFACE (2003)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTNANODOTS BELOW THE SURFACEIon-beam method forms nanometer-sized metal crystals in an insulatorMITCH JACOBYCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2003, 81, 44, 11Publication Date (Print):November 3, 2003Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 3 November 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v081n044.p011https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n044.p011newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views12Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Ions Get e-Alerts
Hyaluronan Signaling during Ozone-Induced Lung Injury Requires TLR4, MyD88, and TIRAP (2011)

Ozone exposure is associated with exacerbation of reactive airways disease. We have previously reported that the damage-associated molecular pattern, hyaluronan, is required for the complete biological response to ambient ozone and that hyaluronan fragments signal through toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4). In this study, we further investigated the role of TLR4 adaptors in ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) and the direct response to hyaluronan fragments (HA). Using a murine model of AHR, C57BL/6J, TLR4-/-, MyD88-/-, and TIRAP-/- mice were characterized for AHR after exposure to either ozone (1 ppm × 3 h) or HA fragments. Animals were characterized for AHR with methacholine challenge, cellular inflammation, lung injury, and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Ozone-exposed C57BL/6J mice developed cellular inflammation, lung injury, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and AHR, while mice deficient in TLR4, MyD88 or TIRAP demonstrated both reduced AHR and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines including TNFα, IL-1β, MCP-1, IL-6 and KC. The level of hyaluronan was increased after inhalation of ozone in each strain of mice. Direct challenge of mice to hyaluronan resulted in AHR in C57BL/6J mice, but not in TLR4-/-, MyD88-/-, or TIRAP-/- mice. HA-induced cytokine production in wild-type mice was significantly reduced in TLR4-/-, MyD88-/-, or TIRAP-/- mice. In conclusion, our findings support that ozone-induced airway hyperresponsiveness is dependent on the HA-TLR4-MyD88-TIRAP signaling pathway.
Assessment and Prognostic Significance of Mitotic Index Using the Mitosis Marker Phospho-histone H3 in Low and Intermediate-grade Infiltrating Astrocytomas (2006)

Distinguishing between grade II and grade III diffuse astrocytomas is important both for prognosis and for treatment decision-making. However, current methods for distinguishing between grades based on proliferative potential are suboptimal, making identification of clear cutoffs difficult. In this study, we compared the results from immunohistochemical staining for phospho-histone H3 (pHH3), a specific marker of cells undergoing mitosis, with standard mitotic counts (number of mitoses/10 high-power fields) and MIB-1 labeling index values for assessing proliferative activity. We tested the relationship between pHH3 staining and tumor grade and prognosis in a retrospective series of grade II and III infiltrating astrocytomas from a single institution. The pHH3 index (per 1000 cells), MIB-1 index (per 1000 cells), and number of mitoses per 10 high-power fields were determined for each of 103 cases of grade II and III diffuse astrocytomas from patients with clinical follow-up. pHH3 staining was found to be a simple and reliable method for identifying mitotic figures, allowing a true mitotic index to be determined. The pHH3 mitotic index was significantly associated both with the standard mitotic count and with the MIB-1 index. Univariate analyses revealed that all 3 measurements of proliferation were significantly associated with survival. However, the pHH3 mitotic index accounted for a larger proportion of variability in survival than standard mitotic count or MIB-1/Ki-67 labeling index. After adjusting for age, extent of resection, and performance score, the pHH3 mitotic index remained an independent predictor of survival. Thus, pHH3 staining provides a simple and reliable method for quantifying proliferative potential and for the stratification of patients with diffuse astrocytomas into typical grade II and III groups. These results also suggest that pHH3 staining may be a useful method in other neoplasms in which accurate determination of proliferation potential is relevant to tumor grading or clinical treatment decision-making.
Bifidobacteria: history, ecology, physiology and applications. (2000)

Abstract- The review considers the following aspects: the milestones in Bifidobacterium history from their discovery to the new hierarchical structure collecting the genus Bifi-dobacterium with the genus Gardnerella into the family of Bifidobacteriaceae in the order of Bifidobacteriales; their ecology in human, animals and in extrabody habitats; the iden-tification approaches at genus, species and strain level; the optimum temperature and pH, sensitivity to oxygen, hexose metabolisms, cell wall structure, antagonistic activity, sus-ceptibility to antibiotics, nutritional requirements and the importance of bifidobacteria as probiotics microorganisms.
Nonintrusive Monitoring of Microservice-Based Systems (2018)

Breaking large software systems into smaller functionally interconnected components is a trend on the rise. This architectural style, known as “microservices”, simplifies development, deployment and management at the expense of complexity and observability. In fact, in large scale systems, it is particularly difficult to determine the set of microservices responsible for delaying a client's request, when one module impacts several other microservices in a cascading effect. Components cannot be analyzed in isolation, and without instrumenting their source code extensively, it is difficult to find the bottlenecks and trace their root causes. To mitigate this problem, we propose a much simpler approach: log gateway activity, to register all calls to and between microservices, as well as their responses, thus enabling the extraction of topology and performance metrics, without changing source code. For validation, we implemented the proposed platform, with a microservices-based application that we observe under load. Our results show that we can extract relevant performance information with a negligible effort, even in legacy systems, where instrumenting modules may be a very expensive task.
A comparison of two-channel and single-channel compression hearing aids. (1986)

Eight subjects with bilateral sensorineural hearing losses took part in a trial comparing listening unaided with listening binaurally through two types of hearing aid, aid A and aid B. Both aids incorporated slow-acting automatic gain control (AGC) operating on the whole speech signal. However, aid A also incorporated two-channel syllabic compression. The two aids were chosen to be as similar as possible in other respects, and both were worn behind the ear. Subjects were tested in a counter-balanced order, and had at least 2 weeks of everyday experience with each aid before testing took place. Performance was evaluated in three ways: by measuring speech intelligibility in quiet for sentences at three peak sound levels, 55, 70 and 85 dB SPL; by measuring the level of speech required for 50% intelligibility (called the SRT) of sentences in two levels of speech-shaped noise, 60 and 75 dB SPL; and by administering questionnaires about experience with the aids in everyday life. Both aid A and aid B improved the intelligibility of speech in quiet relative to unaided listening, particularly at the lowest sound level. However, aid A gave lower (i.e., superior) SRTs in speech-shaped noise than aid B or unaided listening. The questionnaires also indicated that aid A gave better performance in noisy situations. The results strongly suggest that two-channel syllabic compression, combined with slow-acting AGC operating on the whole speech signal, can give superior results to slow-acting AGC alone, particularly in noisy situations.
Molecular dihydrogen and hydrido derivatives of ruthenium(II) complexes containing chelating ferrocenyl-based tertiary phosphine amine ligands and/or monodentate tertiary phosphine ligands (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular dihydrogen and hydrido derivatives of ruthenium(II) complexes containing chelating ferrocenyl-based tertiary phosphine amine ligands and/or monodentate tertiary phosphine ligandsCashman R. S. M. Hampton, Ian R. Butler, William R. Cullen, Brian R. James, Jean Pierre Charland, and J. SimpsonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1992, 31, 26, 5509–5520Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00052a029https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00052a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Dual-Wideband Complementary Antenna With a Dual-Layer Cross-ME-Dipole Structure for 2G/3G/LTE/WLAN Applications (2014)

A novel dual-wideband complementary patch antenna with a dual-layer cross-magneto-electric (ME)-dipole structure is proposed for 2G/3G/LTE/WLAN applications. In order to provide dual-wideband and complementary characteristics, an inverted U-shaped feeding structure is introduced to feed dual-layer cross-ME-dipole patches. The upper-layer cross-ME-dipole patches mainly serve the upper frequency band, while the lower-layer ones chiefly work for the lower frequency band. In addition, hook-shaped patches are placed on the corner of upper-layer electric dipoles to broaden the impedance bandwidth of the upper frequency band. Moreover, a box-shaped reflector is employed to attain high and stable gain. The prototype antenna can offer an impedance bandwidth of 51.3% (1.68-2.84 GHz) with a stable gain of 8.7±1.5 dBi, and an impedance bandwidth of 11.4% (5.31-5.95 GHz) with a gain of 8.2 ±1.1 dBi for the lower and upper bands, respectively. Hence, it can be suitable for 2G/3G/LTE/WLAN base-station communications.