gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Non-Lymphoma Idiotype Is Indicative and Predictive for B Cell Malignancies in AIDS (1993)

The 1F7 idiotype previously defined (J Immunol 147:933;1991 and Eur J Immunol 22:1749;1992) is expressed on antibodies reactive to different proteins of HIV (gp41, p24, gp120). Since serum levels of 1F7 (IgM or IgG) are significantly higher in patients with HIV lymphoma as opposed to HIV-infected individuals, normal controls and non-HIV lymphoma patients, we hypothesized the B-cell neoplasms were the source of the idiotype. However, immunohistochemistry on cryostat sections revealed no 1F7 idiotype signal on neoplastic B-cells nor tumor infiltrative T-cells (n = 8). Interestingly, reactive lymphocytosis adjacent to tumor masses and reactive follicular hyperplastic controls (n = 5) exhibited significant 1F7 reactivity. The reactivity appeared in paracortical and perifollicular lymphoid regions, predominantly regions of B, T and antigen presenting cells in lymph nodes or tonsils. A survey of electrophoretically defined paraproteins with anti-HIV specificities derived from HIV-infected patients showed no Western blot reactivity with the 1F7 anti-idiotypic antibody. Therefore, the idiotype does not appear to be a direct product of B-cell neoplasia or abnormal B-cell proliferation, but is produced by B cell clones responding to HIV infection. This high level of serum 1F7 reactivity could be an important clue in the pathogenesis of HIV lymphomas and confers a highly predictive serological test for HIV lymphoma.
Sensitive NH3OH and HCl Gas Sensors Using Self-Aligned and Self-Welded Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2005)

Self-aligned and self-welded multi-walled carbon nanotubes were grown for the first time using a metal-catalyzed chemical vapor deposition technique between 18 mum-high silicon posts with 2-6 mum gaps with excellent ohmic electrical contacts and mechanical bonding strengths in excess of 0.1 muN/CNT. The electrical conductivity of 5-10 MWCNTs spanning the gap between adjacent silicon posts changed drastically upon exposure to ammonia and hydrochloric gases at room temperature. In devices reported here the electrical contact between both sides of the MWCNTs and the silicon posts are intimately formed during the growth process. Thus, the gas sensitivity of these self-welded MWCNT devices are less affected by the contact barrier changes. Moreover, since the MWCNTs are self- aligned and self-welded during the growth, the only post processing steps that are needed are dicing and wire-bonding to a chip carrier (package), making these devices inherently more reliable and cost effective
Electron and Laser Beam Processing (1964)

Drilling of various materials by electron and laser beams has been studied with the purpose of comparing the two kinds of processing. The minimum spot obtainable with the electron beam is smaller than that with the laser beam. Hence a smaller hole can be perforated by the electron beam. But, in power efficiency, the laser beam is superior to the electron beam. When the two beams are allowed to impinge upon a metal work-piece, the surface power density of both beams is nearly of the same order, but a higher volume power density can be expected with the laser beam. These results are explained by the characteristics of the two beams.
Preparation and Testing of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Solutions (1976)

American Institute of Mining, Metallurgical, and Petroleum Engineers Inc. Abstract The evaluation of a mobility control polymer requires; that proper laboratory techniques be followed if meaningful results are to be obtained. New procedures are presented and existing procedures are reviewed to aid in the procedures are reviewed to aid in the measurement of properties related to performance of polyacrylamide solutions. In addition to polyacrylamide solutions. In addition to mixing and filtration techniques, the measurement of polymer concentration, thermal stability, core testing, and other factors relating to mobility control in the reservoir are discussed. Introduction Polymers are being widely used to provide Polymers are being widely used to provide mobility control in secondary and tertiary oil recovery processes. Large quantities of polymer are required for these processes and it is imperative that adequate, but not excessive, quantities be used to insure the economic success of these processes. To accomplish this, it is necessary that sufficiently accurate laboratory core data be developed to permit optimum mobility bank design. This paper will describe the elements of such a laboratory testing program. It will be organized into three sections:Solution PreparationCharacterization of Polyacrylamide Solutions.Polyacrylamide Behavior in Field Core Specimens In Section I, procedures will be given to dissolve polymers properly in stable analogs of the natural field brines. Section II continues with methods to assess the properties (screen factor viscosity and thermal stability) of polyacrylamide dissolved in brine. It also contains polyacrylamide dissolved in brine. It also contains a new analytical method to determine the polymer concentrations in oil field brine. The last section describes tie techniques used to measure polymer solution behavior in actual field core specimens. The procedures presented are the results of hundreds of core tests using water soluble polymers. Although this paper is not a polymers. Although this paper is not a complete reference manual, an attempt has been made to cover many of the critical points. A topical sentence has been underlined to identify recommended standard procedures in Section I and in Section II where alternative procedures are also discussed. It is hoped that the procedures are also discussed. It is hoped that the methods presented might be considered as the first step in setting standards for resistance factor determinations.
The accuracy and reliability of commercial heart rate monitors. (1987)

In recent years increasing emphasis has been placed on the benefits of exercise to normal healthy adults as well as to those recovering from heart attacks and other illnesses. As an aid to exercise training many portable heart-rate monitors have been placed on the market but little appears to have been done to assess the performance of these machines. The authors have examined the performance of four such monitors both under bench-test and practical exercising conditions. When tested on the bench using electronic equipment, the machines rarely exhibited errors exceeding 2-3 bpm over a measurement range of 30-240 bpm. However, when tested with subjects walking or jogging at low speeds on a treadmill, typically 20-70% of the readings given by the machines had errors of greater than 20 bpm. In some cases over 50% of readings had errors exceeding 50 bpm.
A Fab-Selective Immunoglobulin-Binding Domain from Streptococcal Protein G with Improved Half-Life Extension Properties (2015)

The half-life extension properties of SpGC3 can be retained by restricting binding to the Fab fragment of serum immunoglobulins and can be improved by increasing binding activity. The modified SpGC3 module should be suitable to extend the half-life of therapeutic proteins and, thus to improve therapeutic activity.
The Realization of Symmetric Switching Functions with Linear-Input Logical Elements (1961)

The problem of synthesizing switching networks out of linear-input (threshold) elements is studied for the class of symmetric switching functions. Tight bounds are derived for the number of elements required in a minimal realization, and a method of synthesis is presented which yields economical networks. Minimal networks result for all symmetric functions of no more than about twelve variables, and for several other cases. In particular, it is shown how the parity function of any number n of variables can be realized with about log2(n) elements.
Activities of several benzimidazoles and tubulin inhibitors against Giardia spp. in vitro (1993)

Previous studies in our laboratory have shown that albendazole is effective against Giardia spp. in vitro and in vivo, prompting an investigation of the effects of several related benzimidazoles (BZs) on the viability of this protozoan parasite. A range of BZs was tested, and their effects were compared with those of a number of microtubule inhibitors. The effects produced by the two types of drugs were markedly similar, namely, trophozoite detachment and distortion of morphology and general structure, indicating a potential antimicrotubule mode of action for BZs. Mebendazole, albendazole, and fenbendazole proved to be among the most effective BZs tested, exhibiting apparent irreversibility. Nocodazole, oxfendazole, and albendazole sulfoxide, among others, produced transient inhibitions only. Further studies are required to evaluate all available BZs and other antigiardial agents to ensure the development of the most effective and safest antigiardial agent possible.
The Effect of Foot Orthoses on Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (2003)

In a retrospective review of 102 patients treated for chondromalacia pa-tellae and patellofemoral pain syndrome/retropatellar dysplasia (PFPS/RPD), the effectiveness of semiflexible foot orthoses was investigated. The combined disorders were diagnosed in 89.3% of the patients. Subjects were 46 women and 54 men, aged 12 to 87 years (mean, 37.9 years; SD, 15.9), who exhibited excessive forefoot varus or rearfoot varus. The initial screening and clinical diagnosis were based on an examination by an orthopedist. Particular attention was directed to patellar crepitation, patellofemoral malalignment, Q-angle measurements, limitation of range of motion, and knee effusion. Patients were evaluated for the onset and duration of patellofemoral pain and degree of knee joint disease. Semiflexible orthoses for each subject were fabricated, based on a clinical lower extremity biomechanical examination. At their follow-up visit, 76.5% were improved and 2% were asymptomatic, showing a significant decrease in the level of pain with orthoses intervention (chi-square P <.001). Although multiple treatment modalities are used for these patients, the results suggest that the use of semiflexible orthoses is significant in reducing symptoms of PFPS/RPD.
Masked Cyanoacrylates Unveiled by Mechanical Force (2010)

Mechanical damage of polymers is often a destructive and irreversible process. However, desirable outcomes may be achieved by controlling the location of chain cleavage events through careful design and incorporation of mechanically active chemical moieties known as mechanophores. It is possible that mechanophores can be used to generate reactive intermediates that can autopolymerize or cross-link, thus healing mechanically induced damage. Herein we report the generation of reactive cyanoacrylate units from a dicyanocyclobutane mechanophore located near the center of a polymer chain. Because cyanoacrylates (which are used as monomers in the preparation of superglue) autopolymerize, the generated cyanoacrylate-terminated polymers may be useful in self-healing polymers. Sonication studies of polymers with the mechanophore incorporated into the chain center have shown that selective cleavage of the mechanophore occurs. Trapping experiments with an amine-based chromophore support cyanoacrylate formation. Additionally, computational studies of small-molecule models predict that force-induced bond cleavage should occur with greater selectivity for the dicyanocyclobutane mechanophore than for a control molecule.
The Marfan Syndrome: A Deficiency in Chemically Stable Collagen Cross-Links (1981)

THE reduced tensile strength of tissues supporting the ocular lenses, cardiac valves, and aorta in heritable connective-tissue diseases is probably due to a defective organization of collagen. Sinc...
Gemcitabine Alone Versus Gemcitabine Plus Radiotherapy in Patients With Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer: An Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Trial (2011)

This trial demonstrates improved overall survival with the addition of radiation therapy to GEM in patients with localized unresectable pancreatic cancer, with acceptable toxicity.
Association of the OLR1 Gene with Milk Composition in Holstein Dairy Cattle (2006)

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor (OLR1) is the major protein that binds, internalizes, and degrades oxidized low-density lipoprotein. The role of OLR1 in lipid metabolism and the results of previous whole-genome scan studies prompted the investigation of OLR1 as a candidate gene affecting milk composition traits. Direct cDNA and genomic sequencing of OLR1 revealed 2 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in exon 4, 5 SNP in intron 4, and 1 in the 3' untranslated region (UTR). Four intragenic haplotypes comprising SNP positions 7,160, 7,161, 7,278, 7,381, 7,409, 7,438, 7,512, and 8,232 were inferred. Haplotype analysis showed that one of the haplotypes was associated with a significant increase in fat yield and fat percentage. Single SNP analysis showed that allele C of SNP 8,232 (in the 3'-UTR) had significant effects on fat yield and fat percentage, whereas SNP 7,160 and 7,161 (in exon 4) had no significant effects. Both single SNP and haplotype analyses indicate that SNP 8,232 in the 3'-UTR is associated with milk fat yield and percentage and it may be in linkage disequilibrium with the functional polymorphism. To provide support for the hypothesis that SNP 8,232 is responsible for OLR1 expression, OLR1 expression levels in individuals bearing different genotypes were assessed. It was found that OLR1 expression was reduced in genotype AA individuals compared with CC and AC individuals, suggesting that A at position 8,232 may be the nucleotide causing decreased OLR1 expression. The 3'-UTR polymorphism found in this study might control translation or stability of OLR1 mRNA.
Experimental Verification of the Nuclear Data of Gadolinium for Neutron Capture Therapy (2002)

We prepared the nuclear data of gadolinium, for the simulation calculation and the dose estimation in order to confirm the effectiveness of gadolinium neutron capture therapy (GdNCT), from the viewpoints of physics and engineering. Then, the experimental verifications of this nuclear data have been performed using Kyoto University Research Reactor (KUR). As a series of the verifications, the energy spectrum of the prompt gamma rays from the 157Gd(n, γ) 158Gd reaction was confirmed using a prompt gamma-ray analysis (PGA) system, installed at the E-3 neutron guide tube in KUR. For the discrete components of the released gamma rays, especially, the spectrum peaks at 79.5keV, 182keV and 6750keV were focused on, because these peaks have the sufficient intensities for measurement and can be easily discriminated from the other components. It was confirmed that the relative relations for the gamma-ray intensity among these peaks were agreed within the experimental uncertainties, between our prepared nuclear data and the PGA-measured data.
Multienzyme catalysis in microfluidic biochips (2003)

The attachment of enzymes to glass microfluidic channels has been achieved using a highly reactive poly(maleic anhydride-alt-alpha-olefin) (PMA)-based coating that is supplied to the microchannel in a toluene solution. The PMA reacts with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane groups linked to the glass surface to form a matrix that enables additional maleic anhydride groups to react with free amino groups on enzymes to give a mixed covalent-noncovalent immobilization support. Using a simple T-channel microfluidic design, with reaction channel dimensions of 200 microm wide (at the center), 15 microm deep, and 30 mm long giving a reaction volume of 90 nL, soybean peroxidase (SBP) was attached at an amount up to 0.6 microg/channel. SBP-catalyzed oxidation of p-cresol was performed in aqueous buffer (with 20% [v/v], dimethylformamide) containing H(2)O(2), with microfluidic transport enabled by electroosmotic flow (EOF). Michaelis-Menten kinetics were obtained with K(m) and V(max) values of 0.98 mM and 0.21 micromol H(2)O(2) converted/mg SBP per minute, respectively. These values are nearly identical to nonimmobilized SBP kinetics in aqueous-DMF solutions in 20-microL volumes in 384-well plates and 5-mL reaction volumes in 20-mL scintillation vials. These results indicate that SBP displays intrinsically native activity even in the immobilized form at the microscale, and further attests to the mild immobilization conditions afforded by PMA. Bienzymic and trienzymic reactions were also performed in the microfluidic biochip. Specifically, a combined Candida antarctica lipase B-SBP bienzymic system was used to convert tolyl acetate into poly(p-cresol), and an invertase-glucose oxidase SBP trienzymic system was used to take sucrose and generate H(2)O(2) for SBP-catalyzed synthesis of poly(p-cresol).
Digital Pathology: Data-Intensive Frontier in Medical Imaging (2012)

Pathology is a medical subspecialty that practices the diagnosis of disease. Microscopic examination of tissue reveals information enabling the pathologist to render accurate diagnoses and to guide therapy. The basic process by which anatomic pathologists render diagnoses has remained relatively unchanged over the last century, yet advances in information technology now offer significant opportunities in image-based diagnostic and research applications. Pathology has lagged behind other healthcare practices such as radiology where digital adoption is widespread. As devices that generate whole slide images become more practical and affordable, practices will increasingly adopt this technology and eventually produce an explosion of data that will quickly eclipse the already vast quantities of radiology imaging data. These advances are accompanied by significant challenges for data management and storage, but they also introduce new opportunities to improve patient care by streamlining and standardizing diagnostic approaches and uncovering disease mechanisms. Computer-based image analysis is already available in commercial diagnostic systems, but further advances in image analysis algorithms are warranted in order to fully realize the benefits of digital pathology in medical discovery and patient care. In coming decades, pathology image analysis will extend beyond the streamlining of diagnostic workflows and minimizing interobserver variability and will begin to provide diagnostic assistance, identify therapeutic targets, and predict patient outcomes and therapeutic responses.
TEMPO‐Mediated Anodic Oxidation of Methyl Glycosides and 1‐Methyl and 1‐Azido Disaccharides (2002)

Abstract Methyl glycosides of L ‐sorbopyranoside, D ‐fructopyranoside, D ‐glucosaminopyranoside, 2,3‐dehydro‐2,3‐dideoxyglucopyranoside, cellobiose, lactose, and maltose and the 1‐azido derivatives of glucose, cellobiose, lactose, and maltose have been converted into the corresponding uronic acids in moderate to excellent yields by TEMPO‐mediated anodic oxidation. The anode proves to be an advantageous alternative to other cooxidants in TEMPO + oxidations of carbohydrates and is compatible with N ‐acylamino and azido groups and with double bonds. The electrolyte, a carbonate buffer, can easily be removed with a cation‐exchange resin, a facile scale‐up by increasing the electrode area is possible. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Twenty years of silicone hydrogel contact lenses: a personal perspective (2020)

After more than a decade of intensive research and development, two spherical‐design silicone hydrogel contact lenses were introduced into the market around the dawn of the millennium – Focus Night...
Ensemble-Based Closed-Loop Optimization Applied to Brugge Field (2010)

Summary In this paper, ensemble-based closed-loop optimization is applied to a large-scale SPE benchmark study. The Brugge field, a synthetic reservoir, is designed as a common platform to test different closed-loop reservoir management methods. The problem was designed to mimic real field management scenarios and, as a result, is by far the largest and most complex test case on closed-loop optimization. The Brugge field model consists of nine layers with a total of 44,550 active cells. It has one internal fault and seven rock regions with different relative permeability and capillary pressure functions. There are 20 producers and 10 injectors in the field. Noise corrupted production data are provided monthly. Each well has three different completions that can be controlled independently. The producing life of the reservoir is 30 years, and the objective of optimization is to maximize the net present value (NPV) at the end of 30 years. Because of the complexity of this test case, several advanced techniques are used in order to improve the solution of the ensemble-based closed-loop optimization. First, covariance localization was used to obtain good model updates with a relatively small ensemble of reservoir models. Localization alleviated the effect of spurious correlations and made it possible to incorporate large amounts of data. Second, covariance inflation was used to compensate for the tendency of small ensembles to lose variability too quickly. When covariance inflation was used together with localization, variability in the ensemble was maintained. Third, regularization was also used in the ensemble-based optimization to reduce the effect of spurious correlations and to smooth the optimized control parameters. Fourth, normalized saturations were used in the state vector because different rock regions had different relative permeability endpoint saturations. Finally, the addition of global parameters such as relative permeability curves and initial oil/water contact (IOWC) reduced the tendency for overshoot. The resulting combination of ensemble-based data assimilation and optimization performed very well on the benchmark study, achieving an NPV within 1% of the value obtained by the test organizers with known geology.
Selective proliferation of lymphoid cells from lineage-c-Kit+ Sca-1+ cells by a clonal bone marrow stromal cell line. (1998)

To understand the regulatory mechanisms involved in the development of hematopoietic stem cells, we cultured lineage-negative, c-Kit+ Sca-1+ stem cells sorted from bone marrow cells by a fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) on layers of bone marrow stromal cell lines established from SV40 T-antigen gene transgenic mice. We previously reported that the TBR59 stromal cell line induced two sequential cobblestone formations: the first formation committed to the myeloid and the second to the lymphoid lineage. After examination of many other bone marrow stromal cell lines, we found that TBR31-1 stromal cells supported only lymphoid development of the sorted stem cells. The sorted stem cells proliferated by forming cobblestones and the cells were released from the cobblestones. Most released cell populations were B220-positive lymphoid cells; cell production continued for 2 months. Addition of G-CSF or M-CSF produced only a slight effect on myeloid development. FACS analysis of the released cells showed that the B-lymphoid-committed progenitors developed into mature B-cells by expressing surface immunoglobulin M. These results indicate that TBR31-1 bone marrow stromal cells selectively support B-lymphoid development, whereas TBR59 cells support both myeloid and lymphoid development of stem cells.