gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Denervation des Handgelenkes nach Wilhelm (2004)

Schmerzbeseitigung durch Neurotomie bestimmter afferenter Nervenäste um das Handgelenk. Mehrere Nerven sind bei der sensiblen Innervation des Handgelenkes beteiligt: N. interosseus anterior und posterior. Ebenso geben N. radialis, ulnaris und medianus Ä ste für das Gelenk ab. Kraft, Motorik, Oberflächen- und Tiefensensibilität bleiben nach der Neurotomie erhalten. Es handelt sich um eine palliative gelenkerhaltende Maßnahme, unabhängig von der Pathologie des Handgelenkes.
Joint source-channel (de-)coding for mobile communications (2002)

Real world source coding algorithms usually leave a certain amount of redundancy within the coded bit stream. Shannon (1948) already mentioned that this redundancy can be exploited at the receiver side to achieve a higher robustness against channel errors. We show how joint source-channel decoding can be performed in a way that is applicable to any mobile communication system standard. Considerable gains in terms of bit error rate or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are possible dependent on the amount of redundancy. However, an even better performance can be achieved by changing also the transmitter sided source and channel encoders. We propose an encoding concept employing low-dimensional quantization. Keeping the gross bit rate as well as the clean channel quality the same, it decreases the complexity of the source encoder and the decoder significantly. Finally, we give an application of our methods to spectral coefficient coding in speech transmission over a Rayleigh fading channel resulting in channel SNR gains of about 2 dB as compared to state-of-the-art (de-)coding and bad frame handling methods.
Overview of patient compliance with medication dosing: a literature review. (1984)

The literature was reviewed in an effort to relate frequency of dosing and other influences with patient compliance in medication taking. Once-a-day and twice-a-day regimens were associated with significantly better compliance (73% and 70%, respectively) than were three-times-daily (52%) and four-times-daily (42%) regimens. Compliance is not related to income, social class, occupation, or educational background, and it cannot be accurately predicted by physicians. Unintentional errors in taking medication are made by 50% to 90% of patients.
Using the photothermal effect to improve membrane separations via localized heating (2011)

A new strategy is presented to achieve local heating of a membrane during a separation process, thereby increasing the membrane fluxes without affecting the membrane selectivity. By incorporating gold nanoparticles into a membrane structure, it is possible to heat the membrane during the separation process by light irradiation, applying the principle of photothermal heating. Gold nanoparticles are generated inside a premade cellulose acetate membrane. This composite material is characterized by electron microscopy and ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. The effect of the photothermal heating of the gold nanoparticles on the membrane temperature, flux and selectivity is investigated by irradiation with a continuous wave argon-ion laser operating at 514 nm in a specially adapted filtration cell. It is shown for membranes containing a gold to polymer weight ratio of no more than 2% that water fluxes are increased by 15% while pure solvent fluxes can be increased up to 400% for ethanol and isopropanol. There is no significant effect of the photothermal heating on the rejection of the dye bromothymol blue in ethanol filtrations. To increase fluxes of a given membrane without lowering its selectivity is a highly desired but rarely found effect in membrane technology. The described method is most applicable for solvents with low thermal conductivity values, as energy loss by transfer to the medium is then occurring at a slow rate.
Analytical Study of the Performance of Positive Displacement Motor (PDM): Modeling for Incompressible Fluid (1997)

Abstract Recent increases in the application of horizontal wells, in particular slim hole laterals, has triggered the need for more powerful downhole drill motors. To meet this need, motors require performance improvements which, in turn, requires development of a mathematical model. This paper presents a mathematical model for the performance of positive displacement motors (Moineu type) for incompressible fluids. Generalized equations for the cross sectional area of the shalt, housing, volume generated and torque for multilobed motors help identify design improvements. The maximum motor torque requires an optimal relationship between the pitch of the motor and the diameter of the housing. A dimensionless index called the Performance Index (PI), helps generalize the various design parameters of the power section. Dimensionless performance plots establish a standard to compare the performance of actual motors to the ideal motor. Also, common parametric curves describe the effect of various design parameters on operating parameters. Leakage and torque losses play an important role in the performance of a motor. These losses and their effects are also addressed. Numerical examples for incompressible fluids demonstrate the practical usefulness of the theory and optimal analysis. Introduction During the past two decades, extensive research and development have yielded highly efficient drilling systems to achieve cost reductions for high departure wells. The world wide acceptance of rotary drilling methods and tools made it difficult to introduce new drilling techniques. The current need to exploit low pressure oil reserves has required drilling more horizontal wells. Since many wells could probably be re-entered and completed with lateral holes, coiled tubing drilling technology (CTD) became of interest to service, major oil and gas companies. This almost mandates a downhole drill motor since coiled tubing cannot be rotated. Percussion hammer, positive displacement, turbine and electric motors can be use downhole but the positive displacement motor is currently preferred. A variety of positive displacement motors are available but all have problems when used in coiled tubing drilling. Some simulation and performance studies exist for turbines, but no mathematical model adequately addresses performance of the positive displacement motor.
Identification of the Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein in clathrin-coated vesicles purified from PC12 cells. (1993)

The Alzheimer beta/A4 amyloid precursor protein (APP) can be proteolytically processed by at least two separate pathways in PC12 cells: chloroquine-insensitive secretory cleavage and chloroquine-sensitive intracellular degradation, presumably in the endosomal/lysosomal system. To further investigate the possibility of APP processing in the endosomal/lysosomal system, we have examined whether APP is present in clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs), which mediate the transport of many proteins to the endosomal compartment. Using a procedure derived from established protocols for the purification of CCVs from mammalian organs, we obtained from PC12 cells highly purified CCVs that displayed the same morphological features as described for CCVs purified from other sources. The CCVs were enriched in full-length mature (fully post-translationally modified) forms of APP, as well as in the carboxyl-terminal APP fragment produced by the secretory cleavage pathway. As CCVs are known to be involved in only two intracellular pathways (trafficking from the plasma membrane to early endosomes, and from the trans-Golgi network to late endosomes/prelysosomes), these findings provide direct evidence that APP is transported to the endosomal/lysosomal system. Furthermore, the presence in CCVs of the carboxyl-terminal fragment resulting from APP secretory cleavage suggests that APP secretory processing occurs in a pre-CCV compartment.
RNA Editing of the Human Serotonin 5-HT2CReceptor Alters Receptor-mediated Activation of G13Protein (2001)

The recent completion of the human genome predicted the presence of only 30,000 genes, stressing the importance of mechanisms that increase molecular diversity at the post-transcriptional level. One such post-transcriptional event is RNA editing, which generates multiple protein isoforms from a single gene, often with profound functional consequences. The human serotonin 5-HT(2C) receptor undergoes RNA editing that creates multiple receptor isoforms. One consequence of RNA editing of cell surface receptors may be to alter the pattern of activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins and thereby shift preferred intracellular signaling pathways. We examined the ability of the nonedited 5-HT(2C) receptor isoform (INI) and two extensively edited isoforms, VSV and VGV, to interact with various G-protein alpha subunits. Two functional assays were utilized: the cell-based functional assay, Receptor Selection/Amplification Technology(TM), in which the pharmacological consequences of co-expression of 5HT(2C) receptor isoforms with G-protein alpha subunits in fibroblasts were studied, and 5HT(2C) receptor-mediated rearrangements of the actin cytoskeleton in stable cell lines. These studies revealed that the nonedited 5-HT(2C) receptor functionally couples to G(q) and G(13). In contrast, coupling to G(13) was not detected for the extensively edited 5-HT(2C) receptors. Thus, RNA editing represents a novel mechanism for regulating the pattern of activation of heterotrimeric G-proteins, molecular switches that control an enormous variety of biological processes.
Music classification with MPEG-7 (2003)

Driven by increasing amount of music available electronically the need and possibility of automatic classification systems for music becomes more and more important. Currently most search engines for music are based on textual descriptions like artist or/and title. This paper presents a system for automatic music description, classification and visualization for a set of songs. The system is designed to extract significant features of a piece of music in order to find songs of similar genre or a similar sound characteristics. The description is done with the help of <i>MPEG-7</i> only. The classification and visualization is done with the <i>self organizing map </i>algorithm.
An Automatic Astro Compass* (1958)

This paper describes in a general way some of the potentials of astro guidance. As an example of the new tools which are becoming available for celestial navigation, an automatic astro compass is described. The general purpose of the paper is to indicate some of the navigational techniques made feasible by more automatic equipment, and to stimulate greater interest in this art for basic terrestrial and interplanetary navigation.
Low loss and high speed silicon optical modulator based on a lateral carrier depletion structure (2008)

A high speed and low loss silicon optical modulator based on carrier depletion has been made using an original structure consisting of a p-doped slit embedded in the intrinsic region of a lateral pin diode. This design allows a good overlap between the optical mode and carrier density variations. Insertion loss of 5 dB has been measured with a contrast ratio of 14 dB for a 3 dB bandwidth of 10 GHz.
Interlaboratory Standardization of Measurements of Glycohemoglobins (1992)

The diversity of methods used to measure glycohemoglobins (GHb) makes it difficult to compare patients' results among laboratories. We reported previously the feasibility of providing comparable results from different assays by use of common calibrators. We here compare results from seven different GHb methods calibrated by use of hemolysates assayed by a precise ion-exchange high-performance liquid-chromatographic (HPLC) method for hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c). Thus, regardless of the GHb species measured by the seven methods, results were referenced to the HbA1c content of the calibrators. Without this calibration, GHb values for single samples varied, e.g., from 4.0% to 8.1% and from 10% to 14.2% in the normal and high ranges, respectively. Calibration decreased between-method variability (single sample ranges of, e.g., 4.8% to 5.4% and 9.4% to 10.2% in the normal and high ranges, respectively) and improved interassay precision. We conclude that this approach to calibration of GHb measurements allows direct comparison of results obtained by different methods and improves precision.
Inactivation of the Antibiotic Activity of Penicillin by Cysteine Hydrochloride. I. Chemical Aspects of Inactivation (1945)

The antibiotic activity of penicillin can be easily abolished by cysteine in a slightly alkaline solution. The rate of inactivation is dependent on the amount of cysteine and pH. In an atmosphere of nitrogen, one mg of penicillin can be inactivated by several mg of cysteine at pH 7.8, but to a lesser extent with thioglycolic acid. Inactivation of penicillin does not take, place if other amino acids, e. g. cystine, methionine, serine, or glycine are used. Hence we believe that the inactivation of penicillin by cysteine is a chemical reaction and that it may involve both sulfhydryl and amino groups of cysteine.
Baseline characteristics and disease burden in patients in the International Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria Registry (2014)

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria is a rare, acquired disease associated with hemolytic anemia, bone marrow failure, thrombosis, and, frequently, poor quality of life. The International PNH Registry is a worldwide, observational, non-interventional study collecting safety, effectiveness, and quality-of-life data from patients with a confirmed paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria diagnosis or detectable paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone, irrespective of treatment. In addition to evaluating the long-term safety and effectiveness of eculizumab in a global population, the registry aims to improve diagnosis, optimize patient management and outcomes, and enhance the understanding of the natural history of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. Here we report the characteristics of the first 1610 patients enrolled. Median disease duration was 4.6 years. Median granulocyte paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria clone size was 68.1% (range 0.01-100%). Overall, 16% of patients had a history of thrombotic events and 14% a history of impaired renal function. Therapies included anticoagulation (31%), immunosuppression (19%), and eculizumab (25%). Frequently reported symptoms included fatigue (80%), dyspnea (64%), hemoglobinuria (62%), abdominal pain (44%), and chest pain (33%). Patients suffered from poor quality of life; 23% of patients had been hospitalized due to paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria-related complications and 17% stated that paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria was the reason they were not working or were working less. This international registry will provide an ongoing, valuable resource to further the clinical understanding of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria.
Burnout and Work Satisfaction in Australian Church Leaders (2009)

The research findings with regards to the mental health of Australian church leaders and some of the implications for prevention of burnout and counseling for church leaders are discussed. Psychologists can play an important role in providing targeted assistance to church leaders.
Cerebral blood flow: assessment with dynamic contrast-enhanced T2*-weighted MR imaging at 1.5 T. (1990)

The authors assessed regional cerebral blood flow dynamics with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging enhanced with gadolinium diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). After bolus administration of Gd-DTPA, rapid T2*-weighted gradient-echo images were acquired. Image acquisition time ranged from 2 to 3 seconds. The signal intensity (SI) of brain tissue and blood vessels markedly decreased during the first pass of contrast agent through the brain due to the local field inhomogeneity caused by the concentrated paramagnetic contrast agent. The method was used in 18 subjects with no cerebrovascular disease and 32 patients with stroke, vascular stenosis, arteriovenous malformation, and cerebral neoplasm. Comparison with intracranial angiography was performed in three patients and with single-photon emission computed tomography of blood flow in four. The change in T2* relaxation rate was approximately linearly related to the dose of contrast agent. The SI change increased as the echo time was lengthened. Regions in cerebral infarcts, metastases, and arteriovenous malformations showed different enhancement patterns than those of edema around a lesion and of normal brain tissue. Abnormal circulation times in patients with vascular stenoses were demonstrated. The method provides information about cerebral blood flow dynamics not available from conventional MR imaging and MR angiography.
Progress towards processible materials for light‐emitting devices using poly(<i>p</i>‐phenylphenylenevinylene) (1992)

Molecularly doped polymers are replacing inorganic photoreceptors in modern electrophotography. A future aim is to replace inorganic materials in light‐emitting diodes, but this required polymers that luminesce and are also processible in teir polymeric from. A promising candidate is poly( p ‐phenylphenylenevinylene), shown in the figure. magnified image
Computational analysis of anti–HIV-1 antibody neutralization panel data to identify potential functional epitope residues (2013)

Advances in single-cell antibody cloning methods have led to the identification of a variety of broadly neutralizing anti-HIV-1 antibodies. We developed a computational tool (Antibody Database) to help identify critical residues on the HIV-1 envelope protein whose natural variation affects antibody activity. Our simplifying assumption was that, for a given antibody, a significant portion of the dispersion of neutralization activity across a panel of HIV-1 strains is due to the amino acid identity or glycosylation state at a small number of specific sites, each acting independently. A model of an antibody's neutralization IC50 was developed in which each site contributes a term to the logarithm of the modeled IC50. The analysis program attempts to determine the set of rules that minimizes the sum of the residuals between observed and modeled IC50 values. The predictive quality of the identified rules may be assessed in part by whether there is support for rules within individual viral clades. As a test case, we analyzed antibody 8ANC195, an anti-glycoprotein gp120 antibody of unknown specificity. The model for this antibody indicated that several glycosylation sites were critical for neutralization. We evaluated this prediction by measuring neutralization potencies of 8ANC195 against HIV-1 in vitro and in an antibody therapy experiment in humanized mice. These experiments confirmed that 8ANC195 represents a distinct class of glycan-dependent anti-HIV-1 antibody and validated the utility of computational analysis of neutralization panel data.
Scheduling distributed data-intensive applications on global grids (2006)

The next generation of scientific experiments and studies are being carried out by large collaborations of researchers distributed around the world engaged in analysis of huge collections of data generated by scientific instruments.Grid computing has emerged as an enabler for such collaborations as it aids communities in sharing resources to achieve common objectives.Data Grids provide services for accessing, replicating and managing data collections in these collaborations.Applications used in such Grids are distributed data-intensive, that is, they access and process distributed datasets to generate results.These applications need to transparently and efficiently access distributed data and computational resources.This thesis investigates properties of data-intensive computing environments and presents a software framework and algorithms for mapping distributed data-oriented applications to Grid resources.The thesis discusses the key concepts behind Data Grids and compares them with other data sharing and distribution mechanisms such as content delivery networks, peer-to-peer networks and distributed databases.This thesis provides comprehensive taxonomies that cover various aspects of Data Grid architecture, data transportation, data replication and resource allocation and scheduling.The taxonomies are mapped to various Data Grid systems not only to validate the taxonomy but also to better understand their goals and methodology.The thesis concentrates on one of the areas delineated in the taxonomy -scheduling distributed data-intensive applications on Grid resources.To this end, it presents the design and implementation of a Grid resource broker that mediates access to distributed computational and data resources running diverse middleware.The broker is able to discover remote data repositories, interface with various middleware services and select suitable resources in order to meet the application requirements.The use of the broker is illustrated by a case study of scheduling a data-intensive high energy physics analysis application on an Australia-wide Grid.The broker provides the framework to realise scheduling strategies with differing objectives.One of the key aspects of any scheduling strategy is the mapping of jobs to the appropriate resources to meet the objectives.This thesis presents heuristics for mapping jobs with data dependencies in an environment with heterogeneous Grid resources and multiple data replicas.These heuristics are then compared with performance evaluation metrics obtained through extensive simulations.
Semi-Autonomous Generation of Appearance-based Edge Models from Image Sequences (2007)

Many of the robust visual tracking techniques utilized by augmented reality applications rely on 3D models and information extracted from images. Models enhanced with image information make it possible to initialize tracking and detect poor registration. Unfortunately, generating 3D CAD models and registering them to image information can be a time consuming operation. Regularly the process requires multiple trips between the site being modeled and the workstation used to create the model. The system presented in this work eliminates the need for a separately generated 3D model by utilizing modern structure-from-motion techniques to extract the model and associated image information directly from an image sequence. The technique can be implemented on any handheld device instrumented with a camera and network connection. The process of creating the model requires minimal user interaction in the form of a few cues to identify planar regions on the object of interest. In addition the system selects a set of keyframes for each region to capture viewpoint based appearance changes. This work also presents a robust tracking framework to take advantage of these new edge models. Performance of both the modeling technique and the tracking system are verified on several different objects.
Template Matching Technique for Searching Words in Document Images (2015)

Template matching technique is useful for searching and finding the location of a template image (Small part of image) in the larger image. This technique is also used in Optical Character Recognition (OCR) tools and these tools are used for converting the scanned document images into normal text. Template matching technique is used to find and recognize the template image which is found in the given input image. In this research work, template matching technique is applied for scanned document images which contains characters (both uppercase and lowercase) and numerals. In order to perform the comparison of the template image with the input image we have used Performance Index method and it is compared with the normalized cross correlation and cross correlation methods. Different types of comparisons done in this work are, (i) comparing single character from a word, sentence and paragraph; (ii) comparing multiple characters (words) from a word, sentence and paragraph.