gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3D Printing of structures with embedded circuit boards using novel holographic optics (2013)

This work describes the fabrication of silver paste conductive tracks using laser direct writing technology, where the substrate is also generated by a laser melting process using low density polyethylene (LDPE). This has enabled the direct writing of 3D small circuit boards with discrete electronic components included into the writing process. The conventional laser plastic sintering technology mainly uses Nylon-12, which generates a non-functional product with high porosity. Nylon and LDPE are fun dament ally insulators and as such don't conduct the heat generated from focused beam well into the substrate. Therefore these materials have traditionally formed sintered powders products. The step forward reported here is to reverse engineer the correct heat flux distribution to predict the correct melt flow conditions. Meanwhile, some researchers have also undertaken laser curing of conductive pastes/inks cases with the Gaussian beam and they exhibit an obvious laser - induced degradation in the central region because of the nature of Gaussian beam. In this project, the laser beam is reconstructed by Holographic Optical Elements (HOE) to a desirable beam shape; with the aid of a self-designed Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model which describes the workpiece conditions at different input beam shapes. The LDPE substrate is made from powder form, to enable a layer-by-layer additive manufacturing process. The silver paste is then deposited on it, which is followed by selective laser scanning. After curing the mechanical properties of the substrate, the resistivity of the conductive track are measured. Surface profilometer and Field emission gun scanning electron microscopy (FEG-SEM) are selected to investigate the product topography and microstructure, respectively. Comparisons between the HOE modified laser beam and standard Gaussian beam are made in both modelling and experimental parts. The results indicates that by using the designed beams, one can control the profile of the heat affected zone and make consolidated plastic of a useful engin eering nature; meanwhile, the flow in side the paste is stable when it is cured upon the correct energy distribution, therefore the electrical resistivity is reduced.
A continuous-time equalizer adopting a clock attenuation tracking technique for digital display interface (DDI) (2007)

This paper presents a continuous-time equalizer adopting a clock attenuation tracking technique for digital display interface. This technique uses bottom hold circuit to detect the incoming clock attenuation. The generated loss signal is directly fed to equalizer filters, building adaptive feed-forward loops which contribute the stability of the system. The design was done in 0.18-µm CMOS technology. Simulation results summarize that eye-width of minimum 0.75UI is achieved until -33dB channel loss at 1.65Gbps. The average power consumption of the equalizer is 3.42mW per channel, a very low value in comparison to those of previous researches, and the effective area is 0.127mm2.
Synthesis and properties of urethane elastomer‐modified epoxy resin having hydroxymethyl group (1994)

Abstract Synthesis and properties of urethane elastomer‐modified epoxy resins were studied. The urethane elastomer‐modified epoxy resins were synthesized by the reaction of a 4‐cresol type epoxy compound having hydroxymethyl groups (EPCDA) with isocyanate prepolymer. The structure was identified by IR, 1 H NMR and GPC. These epoxy resins (EPCDATDI) were mixed with a commercial epoxy resin (DGEBA) in various ratios. The mixed epoxy resins were cured with a mixture of 4,4′‐diaminodiphenylmethane and 3‐phenylenediamine (molar ratio 6:4) as a hardener. The curing behaviour of these epoxy resins was studied by DSC. The higher the concentration of EPCDATDI, the higher the onset temperature and the smaller the rate constant ( k ) of the exothermic cure reaction were. It was considered that the ratio of hydroxymethyl group to epoxide group was very small and the molecular weight of EPCDATDI was large. Therefore, the accelerating effect of the hydroxymethyl group on the epoxide–amine reaction was cancelled by the retardant effect of increased molecular weight and viscosity, and decreased molecular motion. Toughness was estimated by Izod impact strength and fracture toughness ( K 1C ). On addition of 10 wt% EPCDATDI with low molecular weight (M̄ n 6710, estimated by GPC using polystyrene standard samples), Izod impact strength and K 1C increased by 70% and 60%, respectively, compared with unmodified epoxy resin. Glass transition temperatures ( T g ) for the cured epoxy resins mixed with EPCDATDI measured by dynamic mechanical spectrometry were the same as those of unmodified epoxy resin. The storage modulus ( E ′) at room temperature decreased with increasing concentration of EPCDATDI. Toughness and dynamic mechnical behaviour of cured epoxy resin systems were studied based on the morphology.
Construction of cell sheet-based 3D tissues with designed cell orientation using anisotropic cell sheets (2014)

In this study, the cell sheet-based technology was able to control cell orientation in 3D engineered tissue construct. Using a micropatterned thermoresponsive surface, human cells such as fibroblasts and myoblasts were aligned on the surface, and manipulated as a single cell sheet by reducing the culture temperature to 20°C. Consequently, their anisotropic cell sheets can be layered using gelatin gel to produce 3D tissue constructs with the desired anisotropy. For example, two fibroblast sheets layered perpendicularly showed three-dimensionally different cell orientation as designed. By induce differentiation of myoblasts forming an anisotropic cell sheet into myotubes, a myotube construct with a single orientation was possible to be created. Since the combined use of the anisotropic cell sheet and cell sheet manipulation technique allows us to create complex tissue that requires the three-dimensional control of their anisotropies, we believe that it has a potential to be one of the next-generation tissue engineering technology.
Cross-linked self-assembled micelle based nanosensor for intracellular pH measurements (2014)

A micelle based nanosensor was synthesized and investigated as a ratiometric pH sensor for use in measurements in living cells by fluorescent microscopy. The nanosensor synthesis was based on self-assembly of an amphiphilic triblock copolymer, which was chemically cross-linked after micelle formation. The copolymer, poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly(2-aminoethyl methacrylate)-b-poly(styrene) (PEG-b-PAEMA-b-PS), was synthesized by isolated macroinitiator atom transfer radical polymerization that forms micelles spontaneously in water. The PAEMA shell of the micelle was hereafter cross-linked by an amidation reaction using 3,6,9-trioxaundecandioic acid cross-linker. The cross-linked micelle was functionalized with two pH sensitive fluorophores and one reference fluorophore, which resulted in a highly uniform ratiometric pH nanosensor with a diameter of 29 nm. The use of two sensor fluorophores provided a sensor with a very broad measurement range that seems to be influenced by the chemical design of the sensor. Cell experiments show that the sensor is capable of monitoring the pH distributions in HeLa cells.
L-threo-1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol stimulates ganglioside biosynthesis, neurite outgrowth and synapse formation in cultured cortical neurons, and ameliorates memory deficits in ischemic rats. (1998)

To address the role of brain gangliosides in synaptic plasticity, the synthetic ceramide analog, 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP) was used to manipulate the biosynthesis of gangliosides in cultured cortical neurons. Spontaneous synchronized oscillatory activity of intracellular Ca2+ between the neurons, which represents synapse formation, was suppressed by the depletion of endogenous gangliosides by D-threo-PDMP, an inhibitor of glucosylceramide synthase. The decreased functional synapse formation was normalized by supplementation of GQ1b but not by the other gangliosides, suggesting that de novo synthesis of ganglioside GQ1b is essential for the synaptic activity (Mizutani A. et al., Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 222, 494-498, 1996). On the other hand, the enantiomer of the inhibitor, L-threo-PDMP, could elevate cellular levels of glycosphingolipids including gangliosides. This paper presents our recent findings on the neurotrophic actions of L-threo-PDMP in vitro and in vivo. We found that L-PDMP could up-regulate neurite outgrowth, functional synapse formation and ganglioside biosynthesis through activating GM3, GD3 and GQ1b synthases. Simultaneously, the activity of p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase was also facilitated by L-PDMP. To evaluate the efficacy of this drug on long term memory, rats were trained for 2 weeks using an 8-arm radial maze task, and then forebrain ischemia was induced by 4-vessel occlusion (for 10 min x 2 with a 60 min interval). Repeated treatment of L-threo-PDMP (40 mg/kg, i.p. for 6 days, twice a day) starting 24 h after the ischemia, improved the deficit of the well-learned spatial memory, demonstrating the potential therapeutic use of the ceramide analog for treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
The design and implementation of intelligent transportation Web services (2003)

The paper presents the design and implementation of an intelligent transportation Web service (ITWS) and studies various QoS requirements for the Web service infrastructure. In particular, we pay attention to the performance issues on ITWS data transmission and compression. Since SOAP message is a textual document, we can improve the data transmission time by compressing data on transmission. In our experiment, compressing data before or after SOAP serialization both can reduce the size of transmitted message down to as little as 2% and cut the response time to a quarter of the original message.
Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of SiO<sub>x</sub>/C Composite Anode for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Sens-Perceptor: Image based evidence formation module as a logical sensor for robot hand preshaping (2002)

The authors attempt to develop and implement a system executing a type of action according to a decision based imperfectly sensed and processed input data from multiple sensors. The system consists of three main modules, namely the "Sens-Perceptor" module (SP), the Fractal Inference Network (FIN), and the Neuro Controller (NC). Inputs to the Sens-Perceptor are the images sensed in an environment. In an implementation, these images are those of objects contained in the robot hand workspace. The objects considered are imperfectly known graspable parts available to the robot hand in its environment. Since the objects are imperfectly known, a fractal based methodology is developed for assigning initial beliefs at the low level processing of object images. The FIN is used for determining the task oriented hand preshapes of a multifinger robot hand for ill-perceived object contours. The neurocontroller locally activates the FIN by firing network nodes that bear high relevance to the output of the Sens-Perceptor module.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
CAS: Context-Aware Background Application Scheduling in Interactive Mobile Systems (2017)

Each individual's usage behavior on mobile devices depends on a variety of factors, such as time, location, and previous actions. Hence, context-awareness provides great opportunities to make the networking and computing capabilities of mobile systems more personalized and more efficient in managing their resources. To this end, we first reveal new findings from our own Android user experiment: 1) the launching probabilities of applications follow Zipf's law and 2) inter-running and running times of applications conform to log-normal distributions. We also find contextual dependencies between application usage patterns, for which we classify contexts autonomously with unsupervised learning methods. Using the knowledge acquired, we develop a context-aware application scheduling framework, context-aware application scheduler (CAS), that adaptively unloads and preloads background applications for a joint optimization in which the energy saving is maximized and the user discomfort from the scheduling is minimized. Our trace-driven simulations with 96 user traces demonstrate that the context-aware design of the CAS enables it to outperform existing process scheduling algorithms. Our implementation of the CAS over Android platforms and its end-to-end evaluations verify that its human-involved design indeed provides substantial user-experience gains in both energy and application launching latency.
Fuzzy Logic in Automatic Transmission Control (1995)

SUMMARY One of the fastest growing areas in engineering is that of fuzzy logic based technology. This study focuses on the application of fuzzy logic in automatic transmission control of automobiles. The question when and how to apply fuzzy theory is discussed. The usage of fuzzy theory in different existing transmission control systems is summarized and analyzed. Further, the influence of providing road information is observed by modeling a driver's shift action on a winding road.
The Use of Konjac Glucomannan Hydrolysates (GMH) to Improve the Health of the Skin and Reduce Acne Vulgaris (2013)

Glucomannan hydrolysates (GMH) have been shown to have positive prebiotic properties and when ingested have been shown to have a positive but indirect impact on the skin. However, direct in vivo topical benefits have not been established. The aim of this work was to establish how effective GMH is with respect to improving skin health especially the reduction of infection due to acne vulgaris.
A Code Transformation Method For Strong Migration Mobile Agent (2007)

In order to keep high efficiency, high reliability, and fault tolerance in a distributed processing system, we have been developing an autonomic distributed processing system by using a Java-based mobile agent system. Since we used a mobile agent system based on a weak migration mobility in our system, it was difficult for users to write an agent program freely which can resume its process on destination computer from the point at which it stopped just before moving. In this paper, we propose a new source code transformation method for any strong migration mobile agent code. The method can transform the source code, which is easy to write for users, into the code to be executed on the ordinary JavaVMs (Java Virtual Machines).
Register Saturation in Data Dependence Graphs (1999)

Register constraints in ILP scheduling can be taken into account during the scheduling phase of a code. The complexity of this problem is very high. In this work, we present a new approach consisting in manipulating data dependence graphs to reduce the number of &quot;potential&quot; values simultaneously alive without assuming any schedule. We study theoretically the exact upper-bound of the register need for all valid schedules of a code : we call this limit the register saturation. It is used to build a modified data dependence graph such that any schedule of this graph will verify the register constraints and avoid introducing spill code. We study the case of Direct Acyclic Graphs and then we extend it to loops intended to software pipelining schedule. Experimental study shows that many DAGs and loops do not need register constraints during scheduling.
Genetic interaction between Phaseolus vulgaris and bean common mosaic virus with implications for strain identification and breeding for resistance (1978)

Various strains of bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) occur in susceptible cultivars of bean. To compare these strains, a standard procedure for identification and a set of differential cultivars were established. The differentials are representatives of 11 resistance groups, determined by testing of about 450 bean cultivars with 8 to 10 strains. The virus strains and isolates were classified into 10 pathogenicity groups and subgroups, so that 10 strains were distinguished and the others considered as isolates of those strains.Twelve differentials were intercrossed and their F 1 and F 2 tested with most of the strains for genetical analysis of resistance in bean. Seven genes were distinguished: a necrosis gene I , already known from the literature, 5 strain-specific resistance genes be-1, be-1 2, bc-2, bc-2 2 and bc-3, and a strain-unspecific gene bc-u, complementary to the strain-specific ones. Genes be-1 and be-1 2 were allelic, as were bc-2 and bc-2 2. The 5 loci segregated independently or nearly so. The 4 strain-specific genes bc-1 to bc-2 2 had a gene-for-gene relationship with 4 pathogenicity genes, likely to be present in the virus strains. Gene bc-3 had not been overcome by a corresponding pathogenicity gene. Two bean genotypes were developed with resistance to all known strains. Some implications for resistance breeding are discussed.
Saccade suppression exerts global effects on the motor system (2013)

Stopping inappropriate eye movements is a cognitive control function that allows humans to perform well in situations that demand attentional focus. The stop-signal task is an experimental model for this behavior. Participants initiate a saccade toward a target and occasionally have to try to stop the impending saccade if a stop signal occurs. Prior research using a version of this paradigm for limb movements (hand, leg) as well as for speech has shown that rapidly stopping action leads to apparently global suppression of the motor system, as indexed by the corticospinal excitability (CSE) of task-unrelated effectors in studies with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of M1. Here we measured CSE from the hand with high temporal precision while participants made saccades and while they successfully and unsuccessfully stopped these saccades in response to a stop signal. We showed that 50 ms before the estimated time at which a saccade is successfully stopped there was reduced CSE for the hand, which was task irrelevant. This shows that rapidly stopping eye movements also has global motor effects. We speculate that this arises because rapidly stopping eye movements, like skeleto-motor movements, is possibly achieved via input to the subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia, with a putatively broad suppressive effect on thalamocortical drive. Since recent studies suggest that this suppressive effect could also impact nonmotor representations, the present finding points to a possible mechanistic basis for some kinds of distractibility: abrupt-onset stimuli will interrupt ongoing processing by generating global motor and nonmotor effects.
Family planning rarely available for refugees. (1995)

Worldwide, there are an estimated 18 million refugees, people who have crossed international borders to escape political conflict, famine, destruction of their natural environment, or other disasters. There are an additional 24 million displaced individuals, people who left their homes but remain in their own countries. Women and children comprise more than 80% of both groups. Following some major event or series of events, these individuals have typically relocated in large number over a short period of time to an area devoid of the necessary basic facilities to support their rapid influx. International agencies, foreign governments, and nongovernmental organizations usually come forward to provide emergency relief as best they are able. With regard to the delivery of health care, health services for refugees are typically designed to meet emergency needs, such as the provision of clean water, the delivery of adequate food supplies, and the treatment of disease. Family planning is generally not provided, especially to refugees in the early stages of relocation. Reproductive health services during this initial phase are instead usually limited to care for pregnant women. Refugees, however, do have sex. In fact, birth rates in refugee camps are typically higher than they are for the host-country population. Refugees and displaced persons have often undergone some degree of psychological trauma and emotional loss. Families are displaced and separated, and loved ones have died. Those fortunate enough to make it to refugee camps and be restored to a reasonable state of health typically find themselves in limbo, away from their cherished homes, and often mourning the loss of friends, spouses, and/or children. These individuals are going to have sexual intercourse for a number of reasons. Sex relieves the boredom of camp life, especially for young people, some people want to replace children who have died or been separated from the family, women with few or no relatives have sex with men to survive, and people get raped. In the context of so much human loss and confusion, many recent widows and widowers are in need of companionship; newfound friends eventually become sex partners. In the interest of preventing unwanted pregnancies and the transmission of sexually communicated diseases, international organizations now increasingly recommend that the long-term health needs of refugees and displaced persons be addressed. Specifically, it is imperative that reproductive health services, including family planning and the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, be made available to these individuals.
Automation of Fluorescence-Based PCR for Confirmation of Meningococcal Disease (2001)

A fluorescence-based PCR method was developed, fully automated, and used to confirm infection with Neisseria meningitidis by detection of the meningococcus-specific ctrA gene. The method provided a highly sensitive, high-throughput assay that was reproducible and less labor-intensive than manual methods.
U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program, 2013 Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Report (Book) (2013)

The fiscal year (FY) 2013 U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Program Annual Merit Review and Peer Evaluation Meeting (AMR), in conjunction with DOE's Vehicle Technologies Office AMR, was held from May 13-16, 2013, at the Crystal City Marriott and Crystal Gateway Marriott in Arlington, Virginia. This report is a summary of comments by AMR peer reviewers about the hydrogen and fuel cell projects funded by DOE's Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE).
Activation and Role of MAP Kinases in 15d-PGJ2–Induced Apoptosis in the Human Pancreatic Cancer Cell Line MIA PaCa-2 (2004)

15d-PGJ2 stimulates proapoptotic and antiapoptotic MAPK pathways. Sensitivity to 15d-PGJ2-induced apoptosis is increased by ERK inhibition but decreased by inhibition of p38.
Toward controllable photonic crystals for centimeter- and millimeter-wave devices (1999)

In this paper, we present several experimental and theoretical studies showing the feasibility of active photonic crystal controlled either by electrical elements or by light. The controllability of photonic crystals at centimeter wavelengths is proposed with the periodic insertion of diodes along the wires of a two-dimensional (2-D) metallic structure. For only three crystal periods with commercially available devices, more than 30 dB variations of the crystal transmission are predicted over a multigigahertz range by switching the diodes. From calculation models, a tight analogy is shown between these crystals and those consisting of discontinuous metallic rods with dielectric inserts. The numerical models as well as the proposed technology are validated by experimental measurements on 2-D crystals with either continuous or discontinuous metallic rods. The partial control of a 3-D layer-by-layer dielectric structure at millimeter wavelengths is also demonstrated in the second part of the work. A laser light is used to modulate the transmission level of defect modes by photo-induced free carrier absorption. The overall results are expected to contribute to further developments of switchable electromagnetic windows as well as to tunable waveguide structures in the microwave and millimeter wave domains.