gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Free Radicals Resulting from Plasma Polymerization and Plasma Treatment (1976)

Abstract A glass tube is subjected to plasma treatment (non-polymerizable plasma) or plasma coating (polymerizable plasma). Unpaired spins generated in the glass substrate alone, and in both substrate and coating for the second case, are detected by ESR It is shown that for both polymerizable and nonpolymerizable plasmas the substrate's unpaired spins (glass radicals) are caused, in large part, by UV radiation from the plasma. In the case of plasma coating, the glass radicals are formed at the outset of the polymerization because the coating increasingly absorbs the UV radiation as deposition continues. High concentrations of free radicals in the coating appear to be correlated with a high tendency to polymerize, while high values of substrate radical surface concentration are related to high levels of UV intensity in the plasma.
The use of glucose oxidase (notatin) for the determination of glucose in biological material and for the study of glucose-producing systems by manometric methods (1948)

Research Article| January 01 1948 The use of glucose oxidase (notatin) for the determination of glucose in biological material and for the study of glucose-producing systems by manometric methods D. Keilin; D. Keilin 1Molteno Institute, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar E. F. Hartree E. F. Hartree 1Molteno Institute, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1948) 42 (2): 230–238. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0420230 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation D. Keilin, E. F. Hartree; The use of glucose oxidase (notatin) for the determination of glucose in biological material and for the study of glucose-producing systems by manometric methods. Biochem J 1 January 1948; 42 (2): 230–238. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0420230 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1948 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1948 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Fundamentals of Computer Graphics (2009)

With contributions by Michael Ashikhmin, Michael Gleicher, Naty Hoffman, Garrett Johnson, Tamara Munzner, Erik Reinhard, Kelvin Sung, William B. Thompson, Peter Willemsen, Brian Wyvill. The third edition of this widely adopted text gives students a comprehensive, fundamental introduction to computer graphics. The authors present the mathematical fo
Biological formation of pyrroles: Nature's logic and enzymatic machinery (2006)

Covering: up to May 2006.
NK cells engineered to express a GD<sub>2</sub>‐specific antigen receptor display built‐in ADCC‐like activity against tumour cells of neuroectodermal origin (2011)

Treatment of high-risk neuroblastoma (NB) represents a major challenge in paediatric oncology. Alternative therapeutic strategies include antibodies targeting the disialoganglioside GD(2) , which is expressed at high levels on NB cells, and infusion of donor-derived natural killer (NK) cells. To combine specific antibody-mediated recognition of NB cells with the potent cytotoxic activity of NK cells, here we generated clonal derivatives of the clinically applicable human NK cell line NK-92 that stably express a GD(2) -specific chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) comprising an anti-GD(2) ch14.18 single chain Fv antibody fusion protein with CD3-ζ chain as a signalling moiety. CAR expression by gene-modified NK cells facilitated effective recognition and elimination of established GD(2) expressing NB cells, which were resistant to parental NK-92. In the case of intrinsically NK-sensitive NB cell lines, we observed markedly increased cell killing activity of retargeted NK-92 cells. Enhanced cell killing was strictly dependent on specific recognition of the target antigen and could be blocked by GD(2) -specific antibody or anti-idiotypic antibody occupying the CAR's cell recognition domain. Importantly, strongly enhanced cytotoxicity of the GD(2) -specific NK cells was also found against primary NB cells and GD(2) expressing tumour cells of other origins, demonstrating the potential clinical utility of the retargeted effector cells.
A Novel Mixing Device for the Reproducible Generation of Nonviral Gene Therapy Formulations (2010)

Nonviral gene therapy utilizing plasmid DNA (pDNA) complexed with cationic lipids (lipoplexes) or cationic polymers (polyplexes) has demonstrated considerable potential for the treatment of a variety of diseases. However, progress toward clinical application is often delayed by the lack of reliable and scalable mixing of components sufficient to guarantee consistent performance in vivo. Attempts to improve and standardize mixing have been limited by the sensitivity of pDNA to shear-related degradation. Here we describe a simple pneumatic mixing device that enables the rapid and reproducible production of large volumes of nonviral gene therapy formulations and demonstrate its suitability for use with shear-sensitive pDNA.
Consumer Preferences Spur Innovation in Detergents (1987)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTConsumer Preferences Spur Innovation in DetergentsSTEPHEN C. STINSONView Author Information C&EN New YorkCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1987, 65, 4, 21–46Publication Date (Print):January 26, 1987Publication History Published online8 November 2010Published inissue 26 January 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v065n004.p021Copyright © 1987 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (7 MB) SUBJECTS:Granular materials,Industrial manufacturing,Liquids,Quality management Get e-Alerts
GaAs microwave MOSFET's (1978)

GaAs microwave metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFET's) with plasma-grown native oxides as gate insulator have been fabricated using a low-temperature magnetically controlled plasma-oxidation technique. A small-signal enhancement device with the gate length of 2.0 µm has demonstrated useful unilateral power gains in the 2-8-GHz frequency range. A maximum frequency of oscillation in the enhancement device is 13 GHz. This is the highest in all enhancement-mode GaAs devices reported up to this time. A medium-power depletion device with the gate length of 1.8 µm has the maximum frequency of oscillation of 22 GHz. This value is 10 percent larger than that of the best analogous metal-semiconductor field-effect transistor (MESFET). The intrinsic current-gain cutoff frequency for the depletion MOSFET is 4.5 GHz which is 22 percent higher than that of the MESFET. The superiority of the depletion MOSFET in the small-signal microwave performance over the MESFET results from the smaller gate parasitic capacitance in the MOSFET as compared to the MESFET. The depletion MOSFET has produced 0.4-W output power at 6.5 GHz as a Class A amplifier. Quite a large frequency dispersion of transconductance is observed in the enhancement MOSFET at a frequency range between 10 and 100 kHz and attributed to interface states. The effect of the interface states does not severely restrict the microwave-frequency capabilities of the enhancement MOSFET as well as the depletion MOSFET since the interface states are unable to follow the input-signal variations at high frequencies.
Localization device for occult breast lesions: use in 75 patients (1987)

Localization device for occult breast lesions: use in 75 patientsNJ Parekh and JN WolfeAudio Available | Share
The role of the myofibroblast in tumor stroma remodeling (2012)

Since its first description in wound granulation tissue, the myofibroblast has been recognized to be a key actor in the epithelial-mesenchymal cross-talk that plays a crucial role in many physiological and pathological situations, such as regulation of prostate development, ventilation-perfusion in lung alveoli or organ fibrosis. The presence of myofibroblasts in the stroma reaction to epithelial tumors is well established and many data are accumulating which suggest that the stroma compartment is an active participant in tumor onset and/or evolution. In this review we summarize the evidence in favor of this concept, the main mechanisms that regulate myofibroblast differentiation and function, as well as the biophysical and biochemical factors possibly involved in epithelial-stroma interactions, using liver carcinoma as main model, in view of achieving a better understanding of tumor progression mechanisms and of tools directed toward stroma as eventual therapeutic target.
Effects of hatching factors on potato cyst nematode hatch and in-egg mortality in soil and in vitro (2001)

Abstract The exogenous application to three Globodera pallida-infested fields of tomato root leachate (TRL) containing hatching factors increased nematode hatch and in-egg mortality, particularly in a highly organic soil, and in a sandy but not in a clay soil. The most active concentrations of TRL (7.5-12.5 mg m-2) resulted in a reduction of between 69 and 79% in the number of viable eggs per cyst recovered 12 weeks after TRL application. At high hatching factor concentrations, supra-optimal inhibition of both hatch and in-egg mortality was observed; generally, hatch and in-egg mortality exhibited similar dosage-responses to TRL. A significant TRL dosage-hatch response was observed at 4 weeks after TRL application only in the sandy soil. In vitro, a G. pallida population exhibiting moderate hatch gave similar hatching and in-egg mortality responses as in the field experiment. The response of the PCN populations in vitro was found to be dependent on the physiological state of the egg/juvenile complex, with egg populations in diapause responding to the presence of natural and artificial hatching factors by exhibiting increased in-egg mortality but not increased hatch. The results are discussed in relation to novel G. pallida control measures.
Montgomery modular‐multiplication method and systolic arrays suitable for modular exponentiation (1994)

Abstract The Montgomery method is known as a method to execute modular multiplications without using divisions, and several systolic arrays have been proposed for execution of the Montgomery method. A problem in the Montgomery method is that the number of output bits may exceed the number of input bits. In the past implementations, the size of the output must be examined and corrected each time the method is executed, which is an obstacle in improving the efficiency. From such a viewpoint, this paper derives the general condition so that the size of the output need not be examined each time the Montgomery method is executed and proposes two types of systolic arrays that execute the Montgomery method under that condition. These arrays are more efficient than the systolic array proposed previously by the authors for modular multiplications. The method is effective and practical for VLSI implementation such as on a chip.
Urea-Based Hydrothermally Derived Homogeneous Nanostructured Ce<sub>1-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i>Zr<i><sub>x</sub></i>O<sub>2</sub> (<i>x</i> = 0−0.8) Solid Solutions:  A Strong Correlation between Oxygen Storage Capacity and Lattice Strain (2004)

Ce1-xZrxO2 (x = 0−0.8) nanoparticulate powders were prepared via a mild urea hydrolysis based hydrothermal method through homogeneous nucleation at 413 K followed by calcination at 773 or 1173 K. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX) measurements testify to the good stoichiometric homogeneity of Ce and Zr cations in the as-obtained Ce1-xZrxO2 products. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultraviolet−visible (UV−vis) spectra exhibit that both surface and bulk ratios of Ce3+ to Ce4+ for the as-prepared Ce1-xZrxO2 nanocrystals increased with the zirconium content x. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) patterns and Raman spectra demonstrate that the present Ce1-xZrxO2 samples were single-phase solid solutions with good structural homogeneity and high thermal stability up to 1273 K, and those with x = 0.4−0.6 retained a pseudocubic structure (t‘ ‘ phase) due to the small crystallite size effect. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs reveal that the as-prepared CeO2−ZrO2 nanocrystals were highly crystallized with narrow size distribution. Nitrogen adsorption measurements show that the BET specific surface areas of the Ce1-xZrxO2 powders were improved by the incorporation of ZrO2. The PXRD data and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) images illuminate that the as-prepared and as-calcined Ce1-xZrxO2 (x = 0.4−0.6) powders kept a rather high strain level in the crystal lattice. The lattice strains in our Ce1-xZrxO2 catalysts show a linear relationship with their oxygen storage capacity (OSC) values. This linear correlation is explained on the basis of qualitative structural and defective analysis, and might find use in the screening and design of better-performing three-way catalysts (TWCs). The highest CO-OSC values of the studied CeO2−ZrO2 catalysts appeared for Ce0.5Zr0.5O2 (543 μmol of CO g-1 at 773 K and 628 μmol of CO g-1 at 973 K).
Synthesis and antitumor activity of conjugates of 5-fluorouracil and chito-oligosaccharides involving a hexamethylene spacer group and carbamoyl bonds. (1990)

With the object of providing an oligomeric prodrug of 5-fluorouracil (5FU) with reduced side-effects, affinity for tumor cells and high antitumor activity, 5FU was covalently attached to three chito-oligosaccharides (COS) through hexamethylene spacer groups via carbamoyl bonds. The ability of these conjugates to prolong the life of lymphocytic leukemia mice (following their intraperitoneal administration) and their tumor-inhibitory effects on Meth-A fibrosarcoma or MH-134 hepatoma mice (following their subcutaneous administration) were assessed. The conjugates caused a significant increase in the survival time of the p-388 leukemia mice, and higher growth-inhibitory effects against the solid tumor than either 5FU, COS, or blends of 5FU and COS. At the highest dose levels, the conjugates did not cause acute toxicity, and did not cause rapid decrease in body weight.
In vivo conversion of L-serine to D-alanine in a ribosomally synthesized polypeptide. (1994)

In the course of characterizing the bacteriocin lactocin S and its encoding gene, we discovered three alanine-for-serine substitutions which, apparently, is a violation of the genetic code. Subsequent chiral analysis of lactocin S hydrolysates revealed a correlation between D-alanine content and the three substitutions, implying a conversion of L-serine to D-alanine in lactocin S maturation. In order to explain this observation, we suggest a sequence of events initiated by the dehydration of serine, which is common in the biosynthesis of the lanthionine-containing polycyclic lantibiotics (Schnell, N., Entian, K.-D., Schneider, U., Götz, F., Zähner, H., Kellner, R. & Jung, G. (1988) Nature 333, 276-278; Jung, G. (1991) Angew, Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 30, 1051-1068; Bierbaum, G. & Sahl, H.-G. (1993) Zentralbl. Bakteriol. 278, 1-22) and completed by the stereospecific reduction of dehydroalanine residues. The occurrence of non-lanthionine alpha-carbon stereoinversion in lactocin S maturation substantiates the hypothetical alpha-epimerization scheme originally put forward by Bycroft (Bycroft, B. W. (1969) Nature 224, 595-597), and we propose a revision of this model to accommodate the lactocin S-type stereoinversion. Lactocin S is the first prokaryotic exception to the rule that only L-amino acids are included in ribosomally synthesized peptides.
Formulation of CMAC-fuzzy system (2003)

To get the input-output data for the identification of an optimum controller, it is necessary to ascertain the consistent intention underlying the possibly inconsistent actions of the human operator. To acquire the intention of the human operator, the authors propose a cerebellar model arithmetic computer (CMAC) fuzzy system to construct fuzzy inference rules that indicates the human intention. The algorithm to construct the fuzzy inference rules is described. The formulation of the CMAC fuzzy system is explained, and an application of the CMAC fuzzy system is shown by taking an example of a computer simulation of catching a moving object.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An improvement image vector quantization based on affine transformation (2002)

In this paper, the commonly used affine transformation (AT) in fractal coding technique is incorporated into image vector quantizer (VQ). Two new improved VQ coding schemes based on AT are investigated in detail without modifying the existing codebook. Experimental results show that the proposed method can obtain a better reproduced image as compared with the conventional VQ in terms of PSNR and visual quality even with a small size codebook. In addition, it does not need to generate an enlarged or specific codebook and has the advantage of low memory requirement.
Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase: From Characterization to Therapeutics (2007)

Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is an integral membrane enzyme within the amidase-signature family that terminates the action of several endogenous lipid messengers, including oleamide and the endocannabinoid anandamide. The hydrolysis of such messengers leads to molecules devoid of biological activity, and, therefore, modulates a number of neurobehavioral processes in mammals, including pain, sleep, feeding, and locomotor activity. Investigations into the structure and function of FAAH, its biological and therapeutic implications, as well as a description of different families of FAAH inhibitors are the topic of this review.
Antiinflammatory and immunostimulant activities of six sulphur compounds--four benzenesulphonates, levamisole, and pyritinol hydrochloride--assayed in mouse cell activation studies. (1983)

The effect of a phlogogenic agent and of six sulphur compounds on peritoneal macrophages, spleen B lymphocytes, and von Kupffer cells of the liver has been observed in BALB/C mice. The phlogogenic agent (0.5% carrageenin + 10% peptone) was a potent stimulant of the macrophages (increasing their number, protein content, and acid phosphatase activity), the lymphocytes (increase of haemolytic plaque counts), and the von Kupffer cells (increase of the colloidal carbon clearance rate which measures phagocytic capacity). Of four acid sulphur compounds (benzenesulphonates)-ethamsylate, diethylammonium persilate, calcium dobesilate, and piperazine sultosilate--not previously screened for antiinflammatory activity, all except piperazine sultosilate inhibited the macrophages, all except calcium dobesilate stimulated the lymphocytes, and only calcium dobesilate stimulated the von Kupffer cells. Two non-acid sulphur compounds--levamisole and pyritinol hydrochloride--had no effect on the macrophages but were potent stimulants of the lymphocytes and the von Kupffer cells. Because of these immunostimulant properties, levamisole and pyritinol hydrochloride may prove useful in the treatment of diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis in which the patient's immune potential has to be restored.
A Selective Fluorescent Sensor for Imaging Cd<sup>2+</sup> in Living Cells (2007)

A selective sensor 1 for the fluorescent imaging of Cd2+ in living cells has been designed and synthesized based on an internal charge transfer (ICT) mechanism. It can distinguish Cd2+ from Zn2+ and can be used in both general fluorescence intensity microscopy and ratiometric fluorescence microscopy.
Design and stereoselective synthesis of four peptide nucleic acid monomers with cyclic structures in backbone (2011)

Abstract Four isomers of the monomer of peptide nucleic acid (PNA) were derived from (2 S ,4 R )‐4‐hydroxyproline; they had different stereochemistries at the C 2 and C 4 positions in the pyrrolidine ring. These different backbone conformations corresponding to four different stereochemistries were realized through a combination of inversions at the C 2 and the C 4 positions in pyrrolidine ring. The obtained backbone frameworks were reacted with N ‐benzoyl thymine to give the corresponding PNA monomers. Spectroscopic comparison of the resultant monomers confirmed their stereochemistries. J. Heterocyclic Chem., (2011).
Efficacy of silver-coated fabric to prevent bacterial colonization and subsequent device-based biofilm formation (2000)

Efficacy of silver-coated poly(ethylene terephthalate) to prevent bacterial attachment and subsequent infection was quantified in vitro, in both batch- and flowing-fluid experiments. Kinetic analysis of batch suspended cell cultures of Staphylococcus epidermidis (SE), at various growth-limiting nutrient concentrations, in the absence of any fabric, indicated a maximum culture growth rate constant micro(max) = 0.78 +/- 0.02 h(-1). Batch experiments for Control fabric samples indicated that SE cultures exhibited about the same suspended cell growth rate (0.72 +/- 0.02 h(-1)) as observed in batch suspended cultures without fabric. Suspended SE cultures in the presence of silver-coated fabric grew at a considerably lower rate, 0.15 +/- 0.01 h(-1), indicating the inhibitory effect of Ag(+2) ion released from the fabric. Growth rates of suspended SE cultures were 5-6 times higher in the fluid phase in contact with the Control fabric compared to cultures exposed to silver-coated fabric. Maximum suspended cell concentrations attained at time = 24 h were 1-2 orders of magnitude higher for Control fabrics vs. silver-coated fabric. In all batch colonization experiments, both live and dead SE bacterial cells accumulate on the surfaces of both silver-coated and Control fabrics. Adherent viable SE cells accumulated to 1-2 orders of magnitude more ( approximately 5 x 10(+8) cells/cm(2)) on Control fabric than SE cells on the silver-coated fabric ( approximately 1.1 x 10(+6) cells/cm(2)), respectively. Between 70-95% SE cells on the Control fabric were viable, while on the silver-coated fabric samples, at 24 h, viable cells were less than 10% of the adherent community (i.e., greater than 90% nonviable cells). In flow cell colonization experiments, SE cells accumulated on Control fabric to a maximum adherent cell concentration of 6 x 10(+7) - 8 x 10(+7) cells/cm(2) by 24 h with the proportion of viable cells remaining relatively constant at 76% throughout an experiment. Both noninvasive microscopic enumeration and destructive assays gave the same results for adherent cell numbers. Using silver-coated fabric, total cells numbers (live + dead) reached a level of approximately 1.1 x 10(+7) - 3.0 x 10(+7) cells/cm(2) after about 6 h and remained constant. However, while the proportion of viable cells initially on the surface was 63-75%, this fraction dropped continuously during each experiment to less than 6% viable cells at 24 h. Regardless of the criteria, the number of viable or nonviable cells attached to silver-coated fabric were significantly lower than on Control fabric.