gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of ethylene content on bowtie trees and wet electrical performance in filled EPR insulation materials (2010)

The insulation for extruded medium voltage power cables currently used world-wide are based on two broad categories of polymeric materials: crosslinkable elastomers, consisting of Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR)*, and crosslinkable low density polyethylene, consisting of Crosslinked Polyethylene (XLPE) or Tree Retardant Crosslinked Polyethylene (TRXLPE). These two broad categories have over 40 years of proven field performance. A considerable amount of research has been done on water treeing in unfilled semi-crystalline and amorphous elastomers. Very little research has been done on filled elastomeric systems, as water trees are more difficult to detect. One paper reports a link between ethylene content and crystallinity in an unfilled EPR base resin and other ethylene base resins. In reality, unfilled EPR resin is not a commercially viable insulation material for high demanding medium voltage applications. In filled EPR resin-based insulation materials, surface-treated clays are chemically bonded to the polymer chains. This changes the whole interpretation of degree of crystallinity (related to ethylene content) with respect to bowtie tree formation and long-term wet electrical performance. This paper will report data that shows bowtie tree counts in carefully formulated higher ethylene content filled EPR insulation materials can be less than those for lower ethylene content and more amorphous EPR insulation materials in long-term wet electrical tests. This paper examines the influence of the ethylene content of base resins in suitably reinforced (with treated clay) filled EPR insulation materials with respect to its level of dispersion, formation of bowtie trees and ac voltage breakdown strength after accelerated wet-aged testing. However, the long-term wet ac breakdown strength testing via a step-rise high voltage time test (HVTT) after an accelerated water treeing test (AWTT) are found to be comparable in higher ethylene content (semi-crystalline) and lower ethylene content (more amorphous) filled EPR insulation materials.
Cytotoxic Effects on Hair Cells of Guinea Pig Cochlea Produced by Pneumolysin, the Thiol Activated Toxin of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> (1993)

The cytolytic toxin, pneumolysin, from the gram positive bacterium, Streptococcus pneumoniae, when perfused through the scala tympani of the guinea pig cochlea reduced the amplitude of both the compound action potential and the cochlear microphonic potential. When the surface of the organ of Corti was examined by scanning electron microscopy, both inner and outer hair cells and supporting cells were found to be damaged. Inner hair cells and outer hair cells of row 3 were the most susceptible to damage by pneumolysin, followed by row 2 and then by row 1 of the outer hair cells. Damage to hair cells included disruption and splaying of stereocilia, loss of stereocilia and complete dissolution of hair bundles. Apical surfaces of hair cells and supporting cells were torn, pitted and cratered with shrinkage and tearing of cell boundaries. Within the dose range perfused (0.05-1 micrograms/microliters in a 10 microliters aliquot), the magnitude of the physiological and anatomical lesions was concentration dependent. The cytotoxic effects of pneumolysin reported here may be clinically significant factors in deafness caused by meningitis and otitis media in humans.
Antithrombin properties of C‐terminus of hirudin using synthetic unsulfated <i>N</i><sup>α</sup>‐acetyl‐hirudin<sub>45–65</sub> (1987)

Unsulfated N alpha-acetyl-hirudin45-65 (MDL 27 589), which corresponds to the C-terminus of hirudin1-65, was synthesized by solid-phase methods. The synthetic peptide was able to inhibit fibrin formation and the release of fibrinopeptide A from fibrinogen by thrombin. The catalytic site of thrombin was not perturbed by the synthetic peptide as H-D-Phe-Pip-Arg-pNA hydrolysis (amidase activity) was not affected. The binding of synthetic peptide and thrombin was assessed by isolation of the complex on gel-filtration chromatography. A single binding site with a binding affinity (Ka) of approx. 1.0 X 10(5) M-1 was observed for thrombin-hirudin45-65 interaction. The data suggest that the C-terminal residues 45-65 of hirudin contain a binding domain which recognizes thrombin and yet does not bind to the catalytic site of the enzyme.
Jet vane thrust vector control - A design effort (1996)

A jet vane is a type of device used for thrust vectoring of missiles and is located in the aft region of missile rocket nozzles. The solid rocket motors that use this TVC device can have an aluminum content of up to 18% by weight. Because of this, solid aluminum particles are present in the rocket motor gas stream. In order for the jet vane to function properly, it must be designed to survive the thermal and erosive environment of this gas stream, A jet vane design optimization using flow, thermal, and materials technology was performed in order to improve the jet vane. The intent is to evolve a methodology that can be used to develop a jet vane that is lighter in weight and/or smaller in size than the current configuration. A reliable and easy-to-use design procedure was sought to optimize the jet vane configuration. A combined analytical and experimental effort was undertaken in the process.
Proteoglycans—Biomarkers and Targets in Cancer Therapy (2018)

Proteoglycans (PGs), important constituents of the extracellular matrix, have been associated with cancer pathogenesis. Their unique structure consisting of a protein core and glycosaminoglycan chains endowed with fine modifications constitutes these molecules as capable cellular effectors important for homeostasis and contributing to disease progression. Indeed, differential expression of PGs and their interacting proteins has been characterized as specific for disease evolvement in various cancer types. Importantly, PGs to a large extent regulate the bioavailability of hormones, growth factors, and cytokines as well as the activation of their respective receptors which regulate phenotypic diversibility, gene expression and rates of recurrence in specific tumor types. Defining and targeting these effectors on an individual patient basis offers ground for the development of newer therapeutic approaches which may act as either supportive or a substitute treatment to the standard therapy protocols. This review discusses the roles of PGs in cancer progression, developing technologies utilized for the defining of the PG "signature" in disease, and how this may facilitate the generation of tailor-made cancer strategies.
High‐Molecular‐Mass Complexes of Human Minichromosome‐Maintenance Proteins in Mitotic Cells (1997)

Minichromosome-maintenance (Mcm) proteins perform essential functions regulating the replication of eukaryotic genomes. In interphase cells they are either bound to a nuclear structure, most probably chromatin, or occur as free multiprotein complexes in the nucleoplasm. Mcm proteins are displaced from their chromatin sites during S phase, and several become highly phosphorylated during mitosis. We investigated whether phosphorylation affects the ability of mitotic Mcm proteins to form multiprotein complexes. Our results clearly show that phosphorylated mitotic Mcm proteins form a 14-15-S complex, probably consisting of one molecule each of the six known human Mcm proteins.
A central repository for biosignal data (2008)

Ubiquitous home health monitoring system requires a repository to archive and maintain biosignal data for further using the data in a close clinical examination. This paper describes a central repository to integrate the biosignal data which comes from different types of sensors or devices in the remote smart homes. Using MFER standard, we propose a web-based approach to transferring the measured biosignal data to the central repository. It shows that MFER standard is useful for communicating and storing the biosignal data. For supporting ubiquitous access to the data stored on the central repository, we developed web services for different types of user groups. The java applet program was developed for proving an interface that allows easily viewing the biosignal data in MFER format.
Are Animals a Neglected Transmission Route of SARS-CoV-2? (2020)

Little information on the SARS-CoV-2 virus in animals is available to date. Whereas no one husbandry animal case has been reported to date, which would have significant implications in food safety, companion animals play a role in COVID-19 epidemiology that opens up new questions. There is evidence that SARS-CoV-2 can infect felines, dogs and minks, and there is evidence of human-to-animal infection. Likewise, the S protein nucleotide sequence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus isolated in domestic animals and humans is identical, and the replication of the SARS-CoV-2 in cats is efficient. Besides, the epidemiological evidence for this current pandemic indicates that the spillover to humans was associated with close contact between man and exotic animals, very probably in Chinese wet markets, thus there is a growing general consensus that the exotic animal markets, should be strictly regulated. The examination of these findings and the particular role of animals in COVID-19 should be carefully analyzed in order to establish preparation and containment measures. Animal management and epidemiological surveillance must be also considered for COVID-19 control, and it can open up new questions regarding COVID-19 epidemiology and the role that animals play in it.
WATER‐LUBRICATED RUBBER BEARINGS, HISTORY AND NEW DEVELOPMENTS (1985)

ABSTRACT Rubber bearings are simple, robust and highly reliable devices, able to perform for long periods of time with little or no attention and often under very adverse operating conditions. They have been used as stern tube bearings in a multitude of vessels from small work boats to battleships, as well as many other types of service for over sixty years. Discussed are new developments that greatly reduce friction and wear, especially at low journal velocities, as well as weight. These improved characteristics mean that rubber bearings can be shortened from the presently used length‐to‐diameter ratios or the presently used lengths can be utilized to support much larger radial loads. Other developments discussed are a self‐aligning mounting ring of rubber around the bearing housing and using rubber bearings with oil as the lubricant for inboard and onshore applications. Recent developments covered include the field experience and satisfactory performance of Romor° thin rubber, plastic‐backed staves installed as stern tube bearings during the last seven years in a large number of U.S. Navy ships and other commercial water‐lubricated bearing applications. Research and development results of a continuing product improvement program are reported.
The effects of idebenone on mitochondrial bioenergetics (2011)

We have studied the effects of idebenone on mitochondrial function in cybrids derived from one normal donor (HQB17) and one patient harboring the G3460A/MT-ND1 mutation of Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy (RJ206); and in XTC.UC1 cells bearing a premature stop codon at amino acid 101 of MT-ND1 that hampers complex I assembly. Addition of idebenone to HQB17 cells caused mitochondrial depolarization and NADH depletion, which were inhibited by cyclosporin (Cs) A and decylubiquinone, suggesting an involvement of the permeability transition pore (PTP). On the other hand, addition of dithiothreitol together with idebenone did not cause PTP opening and allowed maintenance of the mitochondrial membrane potential even in the presence of rotenone. Addition of dithiothreitol plus idebenone, or of idebenol, to HQB17, RJ206 and XTC.UC1 cells sustained membrane potential in intact cells and ATP synthesis in permeabilized cells even in the presence of rotenone and malonate, and restored a good level of coupled respiration in complex I-deficient XTC.UC1 cells. These findings demonstrate that idebenol can feed electrons at complex III. If the quinone is maintained in the reduced state, a task that in some cell types appears to be performed by dicoumarol-sensitive NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase 1 [Haefeli et al. (2011) PLoS One 6, e17963], electron transfer to complex III may allow reoxidation of NADH in complex I deficiencies.
Deep EST profiling of developing fenugreek endosperm to investigate galactomannan biosynthesis and its regulation (2012)

Galactomannans are hemicellulosic polysaccharides composed of a (1 → 4)-linked β-D-mannan backbone substituted with single-unit (1 → 6)-α-linked D-galactosyl residues. Developing fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds are known to accumulate large quantities of galactomannans in the endosperm, and were thus used here as a model system to better understand galactomannan biosynthesis and its regulation. We first verified the specific deposition of galactomannans in developing endosperms and determined that active accumulation occurred from 25 to 38 days post anthesis (DPA) under our growth conditions. We then examined the expression levels during seed development of ManS and GMGT, two genes encoding backbone and side chain synthetic enzymes. Based on transcript accumulation dynamics for ManS and GMGT, cDNA libraries were constructed using RNA isolated from endosperms at four ages corresponding to before, at the beginning of, and during active galactomannan deposition. DNA from these libraries was sequenced using the 454 sequencing technology to yield a total of 1.5 million expressed sequence tags (ESTs). Through analysis of the EST profiling data, we identified genes known to be involved in galactomannan biosynthesis, as well as new genes that may be involved in this process, and proposed a model for the flow of carbon from sucrose to galactomannans. Measurement of in vitro ManS and GMGT activities and analysis of sugar phosphate and nucleotide sugar levels in the endosperms of developing fenugreek seeds provided data consistent with this model. In vitro enzymatic assays also revealed that the ManS enzyme from fenugreek endosperm preferentially used GDP-mannose as the substrate for the backbone synthesis.
Topology Optimization of Synchronous Reluctance Motor Using Normalized Gaussian Network (2015)

This paper presents the topology optimization of a synchronous reluctance motor using the normalized Gaussian network. In the optimization, the average torque and iron loss are considered. In the resultant motor, the area of the rotor surface adjacent to the stator is found to be reduced when the weight for the iron loss is sufficiently large. On the other hand, large flux barriers are present in the rotor when the average torque is maximized without considering the iron loss.
Interactive evolutionary multiobjective optimization driven by robust ordinal regression (2010)

Interactive evolutionary multiobjective optimization driven by robust ordinal regression This paper presents the Necessary-preference-enhanced Evolutionary Multiobjective Optimizer (NEMO), which combines an evolutionary multiobjective optimization with robust ordinal regression within an interactive procedure. In the course of NEMO, the decision maker is asked to express preferences by simply comparing some pairs of solutions in the current population. The whole set of additive value functions compatible with this preference information is used within a properly modified version of the evolutionary multiobjective optimization technique NSGA-II in order to focus the search towards solutions satisfying the preferences of the decision maker. This allows to speed up convergence to the most preferred region of the Pareto-front.
A mammosphere formation RNAi screen reveals that ATG4A promotes a breast cancer stem-like phenotype (2013)

In summary, we present a high-throughput screening system to identify genes involved in cancer stem cell maintenance and demonstrate its utility by means of ATG4A.
Predicting mortality in patients with heart failure: a pragmatic approach (2003)

A prognostic model produced on the basis of easily obtainable information from medical history and physical examination can adequately stratify heart failure patients according to their short term risk of death.
Dual‐frequency operation of a planar inverted‐L antenna with tapered patch width (2001)

A planar inverted-L antenna with a linearly tapered patch width for dual-frequency operation is proposed. The proposed antenna is directly fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line, and by varying the tapering angle of the radiating patch, dual-frequency operation with a frequency ratio of about 1.67–2.29 can be obtained. The two operating frequencies have the same polarization planes, and have good broadside radiation characteristics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 28: 126–127, 2001.
Chemical Toxicology of Reactive Intermediates Formed by the Glutathione-Dependent Bioactivation of Halogen-Containing Compounds (2007)

The concept that reactive intermediate formation during the biotransformation of drugs and chemicals is an important bioactivation mechanism was proposed in the 1970s and is now accepted as a major mechanism for xenobiotic-induced toxicity. The enzymology of reactive intermediate formation as well as the characterization of the formation and fate of reactive intermediates are now well-established. The mechanism by which reactive intermediates cause cell damage and death is, however, still poorly understood. Although most xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes catalyze the bioactivation of chemicals, glutathione-dependent biotransformation has been largely associated with detoxication processes, particularly mercapturic acid formation. Abundant evidence now shows that glutathione-dependent biotransformation constitutes an important bioactivation mechanism for halogen-containing drugs and chemicals and has for many compounds been implicated in their organ-selective toxicity and in their mutagenic and carcinogenic potential. The glutathione-dependent biotransformation of haloalkenes is the first step in the cysteine S-conjugate beta-lyase pathway for the bioactivation of nephrotoxic haloalkenes. This pathway has been a rich source of reactive intermediates, including thioacyl halides, alpha-chloroalkenethiolates, 3-halo-alpha-thiolactones, 2,2,3-trihalothiiranes, halothioketenes, and vinylic sulfoxides. Glutathione-dependent bioactivation of gem-dihalomethanes and 1,2-, 1,3-, and 1,4-dihaloalkanes leads to the formation of alpha-chlorosulfides, thiiranium ions, sulfenate esters, and tetrahydrothiophenium ions, respectively, and these reactions lead to reactive intermediate formation.
The Molecular Chaperone Hsp90α Is Required for Meiotic Progression of Spermatocytes beyond Pachytene in the Mouse (2010)

The molecular chaperone Hsp90 has been found to be essential for viability in all tested eukaryotes, from the budding yeast to Drosophila. In mammals, two genes encode the two highly similar and functionally largely redundant isoforms Hsp90α and Hsp90β. Although they are co-expressed in most if not all cells, their relative levels vary between tissues and during development. Since mouse embryos lacking Hsp90β die at implantation, and despite the fact that Hsp90 inhibitors being tested as anti-cancer agents are relatively well tolerated, the organismic functions of Hsp90 in mammals remain largely unknown. We have generated mouse lines carrying gene trap insertions in the Hsp90α gene to investigate the global functions of this isoform. Surprisingly, mice without Hsp90α are apparently normal, with one major exception. Mutant male mice, whose Hsp90β levels are unchanged, are sterile because of a complete failure to produce sperm. While the development of the male reproductive system appears to be normal, spermatogenesis arrests specifically at the pachytene stage of meiosis I. Over time, the number of spermatocytes and the levels of the meiotic regulators and Hsp90 interactors Hsp70-2, NASP and Cdc2 are reduced. We speculate that Hsp90α may be required to maintain and to activate these regulators and/or to disassemble the synaptonemal complex that holds homologous chromosomes together. The link between fertility and Hsp90 is further supported by our finding that an Hsp90 inhibitor that can cross the blood-testis barrier can partially phenocopy the genetic defects.
3D adaptive motion vector coding integrated with block‐based adaptive interpolation filter (2004)

Abstract Since fractional pixel accuracy motion compensation precisely expresses the motion information, it is widely used for improving coding efficiency in the International Standard video coding methods for the MPEG and H.26x series. When the motion accuracy is ascertained more precisely, motion information becomes more exact, and consequently, prediction efficiency can be improved. The problem, however, is that the amount of bits for expressing large motion increases. Accordingly the adaptive interpolation filter (AIF) method, which changes the filter characteristics for half‐pixel positions on quarter‐pixel motion compensation, was proposed. This technique also changes the image at quarter‐pixel positions and makes the motion accuracy more precise. In conventional studies, the AIF method was used per frame or macroblock that was not the motion compensation block, because the overhead problem of filter indication has never been resolved. In this paper, we propose the 3D motion vector coding technique with the block‐based adaptive interpolation filter. This method integrates filter indication into motion vector coding and predicts the filter indication adaptively, so that it reduces the overhead of filter indications. In this method, the filter is changed per motion compensation block so that the prediction efficiency is improved per motion compensation block. We also demonstrate in simulations that this method achieves higher coding efficiency than the normal H.264 coding method. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Syst Comp Jpn, 35(14): 10–20, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/scj.20125
Addressing the Decline in Reproductive Performance of Lactating Dairy Cows: A Researcher’s Perspective (2003)

In the 1950s and 60s, there was an extraordinary improvement in our ability to determine the genetic merit of dairy bulls for milk production. The implementation of herdmate comparison procedures allowed us to compare accurately the milk production of daughters sired by different bulls, so that finally we were able to determine how well individual sires transmitted the genes for milk production to their offspring. This genetic breakthrough, together with improvements in techniques for artificial insemination, gave dairy farmers widespread access to superior genetics and ushered in a new era of dairy cattle breeding. I believe that this has been the single most important contribution that geneticists and reproductive physiologists have made to dairy farming. In the last 40 years, the genetic potential for milk production in American Holsteins, for example, has increased by over 3000 kg per lactation [1]. The current rate of increase is about 100 kg/year (Figure 1).