gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spray Drying (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpray DryingBen B. Fogler and Robert V. KleninschmidtCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1938, 30, 12, 1372–1384Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50348a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50348a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views558Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Preparation of phenol formaldehyde resins containing pendant isoimides and their isomerization to stable resins (2000)

Aminophenols were allowed to react with maleic and phthalic anhydrides, producing high yields of the corresponding N-(hydroxyphenyl) maleamic and phthalamic acids, respectively. The amic acids were dehydrated to the corresponding maleisoimides and phthalisoimides with N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide or ethyl chloroformate as the dehydrating agent. Formaldehyde was allowed to react with the products in the presence of an acid catalyst, and novel phenol formaldehyde resins (Novolac-like) were produced. The resins on treatment with a sodium carbonate solution or on prolonged heating at 50 °C suffered rearrangement to corresponding phenol formaldehyde resins with pendant imides. This rearrangement was accompanied by an increase in the softening point and thermal stability. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 3244–3252, 2000
Models to Predict Intramuscular Fat Percentage in Live Beef Animals Using Real-time Ultrasound and Image Parameters: Report on Data From 1991-1994 (1997)

Data from 710 yearling bulls and steers collected from 1991 to 1994 were used to predict the percentage of intramuscular fat (PIFAT) by using real-time ultrasound (RTU) and imageprocessing parameters. Image-processing parameters included histogram, texture, and Fourier transformation parameters. Additionally, ultrasound fat thickness (UFAT) was included. Two multiple regression models Model1 excluding UFAT and Model2 including UFAT,were developed by using 392 images and validated with 318 independent images. These models were used to assess the accuracy of image parameters in predicting PIFAT and to determine whether including UFAT as an additional covariate parameter increases accuracy. Results indicated that for actual PIFAT values ranging from .5% to 13%, RTU and image-processing parameters can consistently predict PIFAT with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 1.43 and 1.41 and a coefficient of determination (R-square) of .59 and .6 for Model1 and Model2, respectively. Both models were unbiased with intercepts of .47 and .51 (p > 0.1), respectively. RTU and image-processing parameters can accurately and without bias predict PIFAT without including UFAT in the prediction model.
Silver Sulfide Corrosion Control Using Corrosion Prevention Compounds (2006)

Abstract Silver is commonly used in the manufacture of surface-mounted electrical components such as chip resistors but is susceptible to silver sulfide formation when exposed to certain sulfur-bearing gaseous environments. Formation of silver sulfide in an electrical component often results in its malfunction or failure. Traditional conformal coatings used to protect electrical circuits often cannot prevent formation of silver sulfide. A variety of corrosion prevention compounds (CPCs) were compared for their ability to protect thin silver films from forming silver sulfide corrosion products when exposed to Battelle’s Class III flowing mixed gas (FMG) environment. The results showed that the hard film-forming CPCs provided significantly better protection than other types of CPCs.
Establishment of lucerne after maize in conservation tillage systems† (1994)

Abstract Extensive slug damage reported for lucerne ( Medicago sativa L.) establishment in grass sod and small grain fields when using conservation tillage prompted this 3‐year study on establishing lucerne in maize ( Zea mays L.). Different crop residues were created by harvesting maize for grain and silage and including a silage+rye ( Secale cereale L.) winter cover crop treatment. Conventional tillage (ploughed in spring) following grain harvest was included as a control. In addition, a combination treatment of methiocarb bait broadcast on the surface and carbofuran granules applied in the furrow with the seed was compared with an untreated control. Finally, three planting dates, early and late April and late May, simulated the spring planting season. Planting lucerne in the different maize residues had a significant effect on lucerne yields, especially the silage+rye residue treatment, which caused the lowest lucerne yields. Highest yields of lucerne occurred when it was planted after silage, a treatment in which residue was minimal. The earliest planting date gave the highest lucerne yields in the establishment year. Slugs did not reduce the establishment of lucerne in any maize residue, nor were lucerne yields affected by slug feeding. This was attributed to the low slug populations observed early in the growing season. Establishing and producing lucerne in maize residues was more successful in this study because of the lower slug populations than those usually encountered in grass sod or small grain residues.
High Voltage Generation (1975)

When a direct current is flowing,the electrons travel in the same direction round the circuit from the negative terminal to the positive. Conventional current flow is considered to be in the opposite direction.
An UI Layout Files Analyzer for Test Data Generation (2014)

Prevention actions (trainings, audits) and inspections (tests, validations, code reviews) are the crucial factors in achieving a high quality level for any software application simply because low investments in this area are leading to significant expenses in terms of corrective actions needed for defect fixing. Mobile applications testing involves the use of various tools and scenarios. An important process is represented by test data generation. This paper proposes a test data generator (TDG) system for mobile applications using several sources for test data and it focuses on the UI layout files analyzer module. The proposed architecture aims to reduce time-to-market for mobile applications. The focus is on test data generators based on the source code, user interface layout files (using markup languages like XML or XAML) and application specifications. In order to assure a common interface for test data generators, an XML or JSON-based language called Data Specification Language (DSL) is proposed.
<title>Design For An Automated Recognition System For Multilayer Circuit Board Testing</title> (1980)

An automated recognition system which utilizes a precision optical front-end, an electronic error-recog-nition system, an x-y table-positioning assembly and a printer was proposed, and a prototype model was constructed to prove its feasibility. The described system is capable of detecting line flaws and errors in conductor registration and in network characteristic impedance. The line-width information detected can be used both for impedance measurement and for detecting line flaws due to overwidth and underwidth conductors. Based upon performance, results show that the recognition system has good errordetecting resolution for all serious defects. It also provides a fast, reliable, practical method for measuring and testing printed wire width, thus solving a serious problem in manufacturing circuit boards for computer use.
<i>FKS</i> Mutations and Elevated Echinocandin MIC Values among <i>Candida glabrata</i> Isolates from U.S. Population-Based Surveillance (2010)

Candida glabrata is the second leading cause of candidemia in the United States. Its high-level resistance to triazole antifungal drugs has led to the increased use of the echinocandin class of antifungal agents for primary therapy of these infections. We monitored C. glabrata bloodstream isolates from a population-based surveillance study for elevated echinocandin MIC values (MICs of ≥0.25 μg/ml). From the 490 C. glabrata isolates that were screened, we identified 16 isolates with an elevated MIC value (2.9% of isolates from Atlanta and 2.0% of isolates from Baltimore) for one or more of the echinocandin drugs caspofungin, anidulafungin, and micafungin. All of the isolates with elevated MIC values had a mutation in the previously identified hot spot 1 of either the glucan synthase FKS1 (n = 2) or FKS2 (n = 14) gene. No mutations were detected in hot spot 2 of either FKS1 or FKS2. The predominant mutation was mutation of FKS2-encoded serine 663 to proline (S663P), found in 10 of the isolates with elevated echinocandin MICs. Two of the mutations, R631G for FKS1 and R665G for FKS2, have not been reported previously for C. glabrata. Multilocus sequence typing indicated that the predominance of the S663P mutation was not due to the clonal spread of a single sequence type. With a rising number of echinocandin therapy failures reported, it is important to continue to monitor rates of elevated echinocandin MIC values and the associated mutations.
Determination of ferulic acid and other two constituents by HPLC in different decoctions of Qingwei San (2008)

OBJECTIVE To investigate the content of ferulic acid,palmatine hydrochloride and berberine hydrochloricde in different decoctions of Qingwei San.METHODS The components of ferulic acid,palmatine hydrochloride and berberine hydrochloricde in the different decoctions of Qingwei San were determined by HPLC.RESULTS The average content of ferulic acid was only 0.68 times in the formulated granular decoction less than that in traditional medicinal decoction,while palmatine hydrochloride was 2.73 times in the formulated granular decoction more than in the traditionnal medicinal decoction and berberine hydrochloride was 3.10 times more.CONCLUSION The contents of ferulic acid,palmatine hydrochloride and berberine hydrochloricde in different decoctions of Qingwei San are different,the results will be useful for the clinical use of the TCM.
Production of Acrolein, Acetaldehyde and Propionaldehyde by Cells of a Methanol Yeast,<i>Candida boidinii</i>S2 (1987)

Journal Article Production of Acrolein, Acetaldehyde and Propionaldehyde by Cells of a Methanol Yeast, Candida boidinii S2 Get access Yasuyoshi Sakai, Yasuyoshi Sakai Research Center for Cell and Tissue Culture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, JapanDepartment of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Yoshiki Tani Yoshiki Tani Research Center for Cell and Tissue Culture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 51, Issue 9, 1 September 1987, Pages 2617–2620, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1987.10868438 Published: 01 September 1987 Article history Received: 08 June 1987 Published: 01 September 1987
An Improved Method for Numerical Inversion of Laplace Transforms (1982)

An improved procedure for numerical inversion of Laplace transforms is proposed based on accelerating the convergence of the Fourier series obtained from the inversion integral using the trapezoidal rule. When the full complex series is used, at each time-value the epsilon-algorithm computes a .(trigonometric) Padé approximation which gives better results than existing acceleration methods. The quotient-difference algorithm is used to compute the coefficients of the corresponding continued fraction, which is evaluated at each time-value, greatly improving efficiency. The convergence of the continued fraction can in turn be accelerated, leading to a further improvement in accuracy.
Transgenic <i>Populus</i> hybrid expresses a wound-inducible potato proteinase inhibitor II - CAT gene fusion (1991)

A hybrid poplar clone has been transformed with a previously constructed wound-inducible potato proteinase inhibitor (pin2) – chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) chimeric gene linked to a nopaline synthase (nos) – neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPT II) selectable marker gene. The Populusalba × Populusgrandidentata Hansen clone was transformed by means of leaf cocultivation with Agrobacteriumtumefaciens strain A281 containing a binary vector. Shoots were regenerated and rooted on selective medium containing kanamycin sulfate. Subsequently, plants were established in soil for greenhouse and field growth. NPT II activity from the nos – NPT II selectable marker gene was observed in leaf extracts, thereby confirming expression of the transferred selectable marker gene in poplar. Southern hybridization confirmed the incorporation of a single copy of the pin2–CAT construction into the genome of the transformed hybrid poplars. Northern analysis of transgenic poplar leaves demonstrated that the potato pin2–CAT gene construction also was inducible in this woody dicotyledon. Thus, the wound-inducible promoter from an herbaceous dicot functions in a distinct family of woody dicots.
Correlation of properties with preferred orientation in coagulated and stretch-aligned single-wall carbon nanotubes (2004)

We report structure-property correlations in single-wall carbon nanotube (SWNT) fibers, among electrical, thermal, and chemical parameters with respect to stretch-induced preferential SWNT alignment along the fiber axis. Purified HiPco (high-pressure CO) conversion tubes are dispersed with the aid of an anionic surfactant and coagulated in the co-flowing stream of an adsorbing polymer. The fibers are then dried, rewetted under tensile load, and redried to improve the alignment. Complete removal of the polymer was assured by annealing in hydrogen at 1000°C. The degree of alignment was determined by x-ray scattering from individual fibers using a two-dimensional detector. The half width at half maximum describing the axially symmetric distribution of SWNT axes decreases linearly from 27.5° in the initial extruded fiber to 14.5° after stretching by 80%. The electrical resistivity ρ at 300K decreases overall by a factor ∼4 with stretching, for both as-spun composite and polymer-free annealed fibers. However, the temperature dependence ρ(T) is markedly different for the two, implying different electron-transport mechanisms with and without the polymer. Thermal conductivity also improves with increasing alignment, while the absolute values are limited by the disordered network of finite length tubes and bundles. Comparisons are made with results from similar fibers spun from oleum and with magnetically aligned buckypapers.
Factors Affecting the Adsorption of Xenon on Activated Carbon (1986)

The presence of water vapor was found to interfere strongly with the dynamic adsorption of 133Xe on coconut-base activated charcoal. The percent loss in the xenon adsorption coefficient was similar to values reported earlier for the adsorption of krypton on humidified charcoal. Attempts to increase the adsorption of xenon by (a) using a petroleum-based adsorbent with an extremely high surface area and (b) by impregnation of the adsorbent with iodine were not successful.
An efficient management method of moving spatial objects (2003)

A spatio-temporal data structure, called the PMD-tree (persistent multi-dimensional tree), has been proposed for managing the live intervals and locations of spatial objects. In the paper, novel concepts of time space bounding box (TSBB) and motion list are introduced to the PMD-tree to manage moving spatial objects efficiently. TSBB is an extended bounding box for a moving object that covers the trajectory of the object. As an object moves, a TSBB corresponding to the object is enlarged to enclose the trajectory of the object. A TSBB is divided when it becomes greater than a limit. An object and corresponding TSBBs are managed by a doubly connected linked list, called a motion list. TSBBs are also managed by the PMD-tree. By introducing the concept of TSBB and motion list to the PMD-tree, moving objects can be efficiently managed and quickly found for spatio-temporal queries. By carrying out a series of simulation tests, the storage requirements and search performances are evaluated for several types of moving objects.
진행성 IgA 신증 환자에서 사이클로포스파마이드와 스테로이드의 병합요법 (2010)

목적: 진행성 IgA 신증에서 다양한 치료법이 제시되고 있으나 사이클로포스파마이드와 스테로이드의 병합요법이 효과적인지에 대해서는 아직 논란이 많다. 따라서 진행성 IgA 신증 환자에 있어 사이클로포스파마이드와 스테로이드의 병합요법의 효과에 대해 알아 보고자 한다. 방법: 혈청 크레아티닌 (SCr) 1.5mg/dL 이상과 단백뇨를 보이는 진행성 IgA 신증 환자들 중 사이클로포스파마이드와 스테로이드의 병합요법을 받고 10개월 이상 추적 관찰이 시행된 환자들을 대상으로 그 치료효과를 분석하였다. 결과: 대상 환자들은 총 15명이었고, 치료 전 나이는 40.3±10.8세, 추적기간은 39.1±24.6개월이었다. 치료는 프레드니솔론 1일 0.5mg/kg으로 시작하여 2개월 후 0.25 mg/kg으로 감량하였으며, 사이클로포스파마이드는 50-100 mg/day으로 2개월 이상 투여하였다. 혈압은 치료 전 139±20/85±16 mmHg, 치료 후 138±11/86±7 mmHg이었다. 요 단백/요 Cr 비 (요PCR)는 치료 전 4.08±2.58 g/gCr에서 치료 6개월 후 1.80±1.72 g/gCr으로 감소하였다 (p＜0.0001). 신기능 감소속도 (ΔeGFR)는 치료 전 -1.16±6.29 mL/min/1.73 m2/개월, 치료 후 6개월 동안 0.84±1.63 mL/min/1.73 m2/개월로 호전되는 경향이었으나 통계학적 유의성은 없었다 (p=0.21). 또한 ΔeGFR을 기준으로 치료에 대한 반응군 (8명)과 무반응군 (7명)으로 나누어 비교했을 때에도 각각 1.69±1.88mL/min/1.73m2/개월과 -0.14±0.15 mL/min/1.73m2/개월로 유의한 차이가 있었으나 (p=0.0014), 치료 전의 나이, 혈압, SCr, 요 PCR, 또는 치료 투약기간 등은 양군간에 의미 있는 차이는 없었다. 또한 단백뇨량에 따른 감소군 (12명)과 비감소군 (3명)의 비교에서도 수축기 혈압과 조직소견 중 G.sclerosis, 치료 6개월 후 단백뇨량에 있어서는 유의한 차이가 있었으나 (p=0.0115), 그 밖에 나이, 치료 전 과 6개월 후의 SCr과 ΔeGFR, 투약 기간 등은 유의한 차이는 없었다. 그리고 outcome을 ESRD 도달유무를 기준으로 CKD군 (7명)과 ESRD군 (8명)으로 나누어 비교를 한 연구에서도 나이와 치료전과 6개월 후의 SCr은 의미가 있었으나 (p=0.0064), 그 밖에 혈압, 조직학적 소견, 단백뇨량, ΔeGFR, 투약 기간 등은 유의한 차이는 없었다. 결론: 진행성 IgA 신증에서의 병합요법은 단백뇨를 효과적으로 감소시키고, 일부 환자들에서 신기능의 보호효과가 있었다. 그러나 이 병합요법에서는 단백뇨 등이 치료 반응에 대한 예측인자가 되지 못했다. 향후 대단위 전향적 대조 연구가 필요할 것으로 생각된다.
Prospects and Perils of Fiscal Impact Analysis (2009)

Problem: Professional planners have used fiscal impact analysis (FIA) to assist in land use decision making for over three decades; yet, not since the late 1970s has research examined how practicing planners use the tool or how accurate this planning analysis technique is in everyday practice. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to understand how practicing planners use FIA today, how FIA informs current planning debates, and how sensitive FIA projections are to underlying assumptions. Methods: We surveyed planning directors across the country on their use of FIA, following up with interviews in 10 cases. We also applied standard FIA to a hypothetical mixed-use development in seven cities in Wisconsin to assess the sensitivity of FIA projections to assumptions about the local mix of residential and nonresidential development. Results and conclusions: Our survey and interview results show that planners deem FIA an important tool. Our sensitivity analysis allowing plausible variation in a key parameter shows that standard, off-the-shelf FIA can produce relatively large errors and even incorrectly predict whether to expect a fiscal surplus or deficit. Takeaway for practice: Planners are increasingly expected to project the likely fiscal impacts of various kinds of development. We show that current off-the-shelf FIA models and workbooks do not produce reliable results. Given this, planners and researchers should acknowledge the limitations of FIA, and conduct FIA in ways that reflect the uncertainty involved. Researchers should develop a better theoretical and empirical underpinning for this important planning analysis tool. Research support: This research was funded in part by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.
AC-DIMM (2013)

With technology scaling, on-chip power dissipation and off-chip memory bandwidth have become significant performance bottlenecks in virtually all computer systems, from mobile devices to supercomputers. An effective way of improving performance in the face of bandwidth and power limitations is to rely on associative memory systems. Recent work on a PCM-based, associative TCAM accelerator shows that associative search capability can reduce both off-chip bandwidth demand and overall system energy. Unfortunately, previously proposed resistive TCAM accelerators have limited flexibility: only a restricted (albeit important) class of applications can benefit from a TCAM accelerator, and the implementation is confined to resistive memory technologies with a high dynamic range ( R High /R Low ), such as PCM. This work proposes AC-DIMM, a flexible, high-performance associative compute engine built on a DDR3-compatible memory module. AC-DIMM addresses the limited flexibility of previous resistive TCAM accelerators by combining two powerful capabilities---associative search and processing in memory. Generality is improved by augmenting a TCAM system with a set of integrated, user programmable microcontrollers that operate directly on search results, and by architecting the system such that key-value pairs can be co-located in the same TCAM row. A new, bit-serial TCAM array is proposed, which enables the system to be implemented using STT-MRAM. AC-DIMM achieves a 4.2X speedup and a 6.5X energy reduction over a conventional RAM-based system on a set of 13 evaluated applications.
Concept for providing guaranteed service level over an array of unguaranteed commodity connections (2010)

As residential Internet access has become increasingly commoditized, the incentives to lower costs in enterprise and similar networks have grown as well. The business networks' expensive costs stem primarily from a service level agreement, or SLA, where the service provider or operator gives assurances on reliability and similar attributes. Implementing these assurances is expensive. We have devised an approach to virtualize networks over commodity Internet access while being able to provide service level assurances at fraction of a cost and with possibly even better service level compared to traditional methods. In this paper we present our concept in detail, including some initial results on the feasibility of the approach based on simulations.
Decaking of Coal in Free Fall (1967)

A strongly caking coal from the Pittsburgh seam of small lump size (1/8—3/8 in.) was converted to a noncaking char (decaked) in about 2 seconds by dropping it through a countercurrent flow of steam containing 5.5—12.7 mole % oxygen at 250—330 p.s.i.g. and 560°—680°C. The steam:coal weight ratio ranged from 2.0 to 0.57, and the oxygen:coal weight ratio ranged from 0.26 to 0.12. As the coal decaked, its volatile matter decreased from 35.6 to 24.9% while its free-swelling index decreased from 8.0 to 1.0. The treated coal was considered decaked because it did not cake when exposed to hydrogen for 5 minutes at 600°C.