gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Markov analysis of cyclic alluvial sediments (1969)

Statistical Markov chain analysis applied to vertical lithic transitions demonstrates cycles (average 30 feet thick) in Paleocene alluvial sediments of the Polecat Bench Formation in the northern Bighorn Basin, Wyoming. Subtracting the independent trials probabilitymatrix from the transition probability matrix leaves a residual matrix of positive probabilities that define the fully developed cyclothem. The fully developed cyclothem for the Polecat Bench sequence is the succession sandstone-mudstone-limestone-mudstone-lignite.
Psychiatric disorders and mental health service use in patients with advanced cancer (2005)

Advanced cancer patients experience major psychiatric disorders at a prevalence similar to the general population, but affected individuals have a low rate of utilizing mental health services. Oncology providers can enhance utilization of mental health services, and potentially improve clinical outcomes, by discussing mental health concerns with their patients.
Characterization of Nanocrystalline Bismuth Telluride (Bi <sub>2</sub> Te <sub>3</sub> ) Synthesized by a Novel Approach Through Aqueous Precursor Method (2005)

Bi 2 Te 3 ‐based alloys are currently best‐known, technologically important thermoelectric materials near room temperature. In this paper, nanocrystalline Bi 2 Te 3 was synthesized by an aqueous solution technique based on the reaction between the aqueous solution of Bi‐ethylenediamine tetraaceticacid (EDTA), TeO‐EDTA, and NaBH 4 at room temperature. NaBH 4 was used as a reducing agent. TeO‐EDTA was prepared from TeO 2 after satisfactory purification. The sample purity was examined by selected area energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. The products were characterized by X‐ray diffraction and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy by which the particle morphologies and size were studied. The particle size ranges from 60 to 90 nm.
<title>In-design process hotspot repair using pattern matching</title> (2012)

As patterning for advanced processes becomes more challenging, designs must become more process-aware. The conventional approach of running lithography simulation on designs to detect process hotspots is prohibitive in terms of runtime for designers, and also requires the release of highly confidential process information. Therefore, a more practical approach is required to make the In-Design process-aware methodology more affordable in terms of maintenance, confidentiality, and runtime. In this study, a pattern-based approach is chosen for Process Hotspot Repair (PHR) because it accurately captures the manufacturability challenges without releasing sensitive process information. Moreover, the pattern-based approach is fast and well integrated in the design flow. Further, this type of approach is very easy to maintain and extend. Once a new process weak pattern has been discovered (caused by Chemical Mechanical Polishing (CMP), etch, lithography, and other process steps), the pattern library can be quickly and easily updated and released to check and fix subsequent designs. This paper presents the pattern matching flow and discusses its advantages. It explains how a pattern library is created from the process weak patterns found on silicon wafers. The paper also discusses the PHR flow that fixes process hotspots in a design, specifically through the use of pattern matching and routing repair.
Intra-M Phase-promoting Factor Phosphorylation of Cyclin B at the Prophase/Metaphase Transition (1999)

Activation of Cdc2-cyclin B (or M phase-promoting factor (MPF)) at the prophase/metaphase transition proceeds in two steps: dephosphorylation of Cdc2 and phosphorylation of cyclin B. We here investigated the regulation of cyclin B phosphorylation using the starfish oocyte model. Cyclin B phosphorylation is not required for Cdc2 kinase activity; both the prophase complex dephosphorylated on Cdc2 with Cdc25 and the metaphase complex dephosphorylated on cyclin B with protein phosphatase 2A display high kinase activities. An in vitro assay of cyclin B kinase activity closely mimics in vivo phosphorylation as shown by phosphopeptide maps of in vivo and in vitro phosphorylated cyclin B. We demonstrate that Cdc2 itself is the cyclin B kinase; cyclin B phosphorylation requires Cdc2 activity both in vivo (sensitivity to vitamin K3, a Cdc25 inhibitor) and in vitro (copurification with Cdc2-cyclin B, requirement of Cdc2 dephosphorylation, and sensitivity to chemical inhibitors of cyclin-dependent kinases). Furthermore, cyclin B phosphorylation occurs as an intra-M phase-promoting factor reaction as shown by the following: 1) active Cdc2 is unable to phosphorylate cyclin B associated to phosphorylated Cdc2, and 2) cyclin B phosphorylation is insensitive to enzyme/substrate dilution. We conclude that, at the prophase/metaphase transition, cyclin B is mostly phosphorylated by its own associated Cdc2 subunit.
Real-time hyperspectral endoscope for early cancer diagnostics (2010)

Hyperspectral imaging has tremendous potential to detect important molecular biomarkers of early cancer based on their unique spectral signatures. Several drawbacks have limited their use for in vivo screening applications: most notably their poor temporal and spatial resolution, high expense, and low optical throughput. We present the development of a new real-time hyperspectral endoscope (called the IMS Endoscope) based on an image mapping technique which makes it capable of addressing these challenges. The parallel, high throughput nature of this technique enables the device to operate at frame rates of 3-10 fps while collecting a 3D (x, y, λ) datacube of 350 x 350 x 48.
Short‐term and long‐term effects of albuterol aerosol therapy in cystic fibrosis: A preliminary report (1995)

The effectiveness of maintenance albuterol aerosol therapy in cystic fibrosis (CF) was assessed by comparing spirometric measurements at the beginning and end of 1 year. Peak expiratory flow rates (PEFR) were measured twice daily to determine bronchodilator responsiveness and spontaneous diurnal variation (SDV), and results were compared with groups of normal and asthmatic children. CF patients not receiving regular albuterol therapy served as a control group. In the treatment group, forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1) were significantly increased (12.2% and 18.4%, respectively) over the course of the treatment year, as contrasted with a significant decrease during the preceding year. During the study year the CF control group had a significant decrease in FEV1 and FEF25-75%, and the difference between treatment and control groups was significant for FVC, FEV1, and FEF25-75%. PEFR increased from the first to the last week of the year-long observation period (from 71.8% to 78.7% of predicted values, P < 0.01). Spontaneous diurnal variations were significantly greater in the CF study group than a group of normal children; SDV decreased significantly in the treatment group during the year of study. A bronchodilator response of > 15% was present in 25.8% of CF patient days, but there was considerable interpatient variability. Frequent bronchodilator responders were accurately predicted by their baseline bronchodilator responsiveness, but not by age or personal or family history of asthma or atopy. No difference in long-term pulmonary function improvements were noted between frequent and infrequent responders. The results suggest that maintenance albuterol aerosol treatments reversed the progressive downward course in lung function in the CF treatment group. A double-blind placebo-controlled study is required to confirm these preliminary findings.
Distributed synchronous control units for dataflow graphs under allocation of telescopic arithmetic units (2003)

In order to enjoy the performance improvement effects of variable computation time arithmetic units at a system level, we propose a new synchronous control unit design methodology for dataflow graphs under allocation of a telescopic arithmetic unit, which is one of the well-known synchronous variable computation time arithmetic units. The proposed method generates an independent synchronous controller for each component arithmetic unit, and builds a distributed synchronous control unit through integrating the derived controllers. The distributed structure of the final synchronous control unit maximizes the performance improvement effect of telescopic arithmetic units through a complete preservation of original concurrency among operations.
Transgenic Plant Research (2021)

This text is split into four main sections: gene transfer techniques; transgenic approaches to gene isolation; manipulation of plant development, biochemistry and physiology; and predictability of transgene expression.
Engineering 400G for Colorless-Directionless-Contentionless Architecture in Metro/Regional Networks [Invited] (2013)

Metro/regional networks are beginning the transition from 10 to 100  Gb/s on dispersion unmanaged optical links. Long-haul networks have a head start in the move to all-coherent networking and have popularized route-and-select-based node designs and colorless, directionless, and contentionless add/drop structures. Both metro and long-haul coherent networks are expected to support future 400  Gb/s transmission. This paper examines the node architecture and 400G transmission options for coherent metro networks with the distinctive characteristics of short spans and high optical filtering penalties. Reach results are derived for signals based on 100, 200, and 400  Gb/s superchannels. Additionally, blocking probabilities are reported for two approaches to nodal add/drop architecture. The results provide a clear direction for metro/regional node and network architecture decisions.
Effect of Hydrophilic Gums on Frozen Dough. I. Dough Quality (2003)

ABSTRACT Disadvantages of frozen doughs are their variable performance and loss of stability over long‐term frozen storage. Changes in rheological properties of frozen doughs have been reported to be due to the physical damage of the gluten network caused by ice crystallization and recrystallization. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of hydrophilic gums on ice crystallization and recrystallization for improvement of the shelf‐life stability of frozen dough. The present research involved use of the Hard Red Spring wheat cultivar Grandin and hydrophilic gums such as carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), gum arabic, kappa carrageenan (κ‐carrageenan), and locust bean gum at three different levels each on doughs stored frozen for up to 16 weeks. The dough characteristics were analyzed after day 0, day 1, and after 4, 8, 12, and 16 weeks of frozen storage using data from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), water activity, extensigraph, and proof time. The Δ H value of freezable water endothermic transitions obtained using DSC increased with storage time for all treatments. However, addition of different levels of the four gums lowered the Δ H value, indicating a decrease in freezable water. Doughs with locust bean gum gave a higher peak force, measured using the Kieffer dough extensibility rig of the texture analyzer, and lower proof time, indicating better retention of baking quality. Maximum resistance to extension increased upon addition of 1 and 3%; CMC; 1 and 3%; κ‐carrageenan; and 1, 2, and 3% locust bean gum as compared with the control. The various periods of storage or gum treatments did not affect the water activity of the thawed frozen doughs. Doughs with locust bean gum gave significantly lower proof time compared with the other treatments and the control. CMC gave the second lowest values, followed by gum arabic treatment. Addition of κ‐carrageenan increased the proof time compared with the control. In summary, locust bean gum, gum arabic, and CMC improved the dough characteristics to varying degrees. κ‐Carrageenan was the only gum that showed a detrimental effect on frozen dough.
Adaptive synthetic vision (2006)

Through their ability to safely collect video and imagery from remote and potentially dangerous locations, UAVs have already transformed the battlespace. The effectiveness of this information can be greatly enhanced through synthetic vision. Given knowledge of the extrinsic and intrinsic parameters of the camera, synthetic vision superimposes spatially-registered computer graphics over the video feed from the UAV. This technique can be used to show many types of data such as landmarks, air corridors, and the locations of friendly and enemy forces. However, the effectiveness of a synthetic vision system strongly depends on the accuracy of the registration - if the graphics are poorly aligned with the real world they can be confusing, annoying, and even misleading. In this paper, we describe an adaptive approach to synthetic vision that modifies the way in which information is displayed depending upon the registration error. We describe an integrated software architecture that has two main components. The first component automatically calculates registration error based on information about the uncertainty in the camera parameters. The second component uses this information to modify, aggregate, and label annotations to make their interpretation as clear as possible. We demonstrate the use of this approach on some sample datasets.
Endothelial regeneration. II. Restitution of endothelial continuity. (1979)

With a modified balloon catheter the endothelium of rat thoracic aortae was completely removed to study the interaction between two important responses of the vessel wall to intimal injury: endothelial regeneration and formation of an intimal fibrocellular thickening. Endothelial cells deriving from the uninjured intercostal arteries regenerated by migration followed by proliferation and proceeded as a continuous sheet at a rate of approximately 0.07 mm. per day in the circumferential direction and approximately 6 times faster in the axial direction. Smooth muscle cells appeared in the intima only in areas which were not covered by regenerating endothelium 7 days after injury. The smooth muscle cells formed a multilayered fibrocellular intimal lesion which reached the maximal thickness after 3 weeks. The continuous sheet of regenerating endothelium covered the intimal smooth muscle cells at a slower rate; 6 weeks after injury large areas located most distant from the source of regenerating endothelium still showed modified smooth muscle cells lining the lumen. However, platelets did not adhere to these smooth muscle cells, and the total amount of intimal thickening did not increase between 3 and 6 weeks after injury. We conclude that, in response to intimal injury, endothelial regeneration precedes the accumulation of intimal smooth muscle cells, and that injured intimal areas, which are rapidly covered by continuous endothelium, are protected from the development of a fibrocellular intimal lesion.
An Efficient Disk I/O Characteristics Collection Method Based on Virtual Machine Technology (2008)

The disk I/O performance may be the bottleneck in computer system, because of the mechanism characters of hard disk system. In order to tune the system performance effectively, the collection of the disk I/O workload characteristics is the essential step for the performance optimization work. Compared to other I/O characteristics collection method, this paper presents a kind of efficient on-line I/O characteristics analysis method based on Xen 3.0 virtual machine monitor. In virtual machine environment, this method can be transparent to the unmodified operating system. This method can be used to collecting a comprehensive set of essential I/O characteristics metrics. Through the testing, we found that this method has little system overhead and impact on the application system I/O performance. In addition, we demonstrate our I/O characteristics analysis results under the large file copy and the filebench benchmark workload.
Bias Sputter Deposition of Dense Yttria‐Stabilized Zirconia Films on Porous Substrates (1995)

We demonstrate that completely dense yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) electrolyte films <5 μm thick can be reactively sputter deposited onto porous (∼0.5 μ pore size) substrate/electrodes. The two key factors in achieving the fully dense films were porous substrate preparation and the use of substrate bias during YSZ film deposition. Increasing the negative dc substrate bias from 0 to 300 V produced increasingly dense and flat‐surfaced films: was chosen to yield high density without excessive film compressive stresses. Solid oxide fuel cells consisting of sputtered YSZ films and a Ni‐YSZ fuel electrode on LSM exhibited open‐circuit voltage values within 5% of the theoretical values for thicknesses down to 2 μm. Cells deposited with short‐circuited at thicknesses of 12 μm or less.
Development of Field-Effect Transistor-Type Photorewritable Memory Using Photochromic Interface Layer (2010)

We developed a novel field-effect transistor (FET) type photorewritable memory using a photochromic interface layer between the active layer and the gate insulator layer. A diarylethene (DAE) derivative was employed as a photochromic material and pentacene was employed as an active layer. DAE has two types of photoisomer, i.e., the closed- and open-ring isomers. In this study, it was clarified that the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) level of the closed-ring DAE worked as an interfacial deep trap level, and that the generation of the interfacial deep trap level by photoisomerization induced the photoswitching and photomemory behaviors of transistor properties.
AN INCREMENTAL WEIGHTED LEAST SQUARES APPROACH TO SURFACE LIGHTS FIELDS (2006)

An Image-Based Rendering (IBR) approach to appearance modelling enables the capture of a wide variety of real physical surfaces with complex reflectance behaviour. The challenges with this approach are handling the large amount of data, rendering the data efficiently, and previewing the model as it is being constructed. In this paper, we introduce the Incremental Weighted Least Squares approach to the representation and rendering of spatially and directionally varying illumination. Each surface patch consists of a set of Weighted Least Squares (WLS) node centers, which are low-degree polynomial representations of the anisotropic exitant radiance. During rendering, the representations are combined in a non-linear fashion to generate a full reconstruction of the exitant radiance. The rendering algorithm is fast, efficient, and implemented entirely on the GPU. The construction algorithm is incremental, which means that images are processed as they arrive instead of in the traditional batch fashion. This human-in-the-loop process enables the user to preview the model as it is being constructed and to adapt to over-sampling and under-sampling of the surface appearance.
The ANF-RGC Gene Motif<sup>669</sup>WTAPELL<sup>675</sup>Is Vital for Blood Pressure Regulation: Biochemical Mechanism (2013)

ANF-RGC is the prototype membrane guanylate cyclase, both the receptor and the signal transducer of the hormones ANF and BNP. After binding them at the extracellular domain, it, at its intracellular domain, signals activation of the C-terminal catalytic module and accelerates production of the second messenger, cyclic GMP. This, in turn, controls the physiological processes of blood pressure, cardiovascular function, fluid secretion, and others: metabolic syndrome, obesity, and apoptosis. The biochemical mechanism by which this single molecule controls these diverse processes, explicitly blood pressure regulation, is the subject of this study. In line with the concept that the structural modules of ANF-RGC are designed to respond to more than one yet distinctive signals, the study demonstrates the construction of a novel ANF-RGC-In-gene-(669)WTAPELL(675) mouse model. Through this model, the study establishes that (669)WTAPELL(675) is a vital ANF signal transducer motif of the guanylate cyclase. Its striking physiological features linked with their biochemistry are the following. (1) It controls the hormonally dependent cyclic GMP production in the kidney and the adrenal gland. Its deletion causes (2) hypertension and (3) cardiac hypertrophy. (4) These mice show higher levels of the plasma aldosterone. For the first time, a mere seven-amino acid-encoded motif of the mouse gene has been directly linked with the physiological control of blood pressure regulation, a detailed biochemistry of this linkage has been established, and a model for this linkage has been described.
Counseling on the Information Highway: Future Possibilities and Potential Problems (1997)

The evolution of the Internet into the information highway offers many future possibilities and potential problems in the delivery of counseling services. Features of the current Internet are briefly reviewed, and the results of an analysis of counseling applications on the Internet are presented and discussed. Current experience with computer networks, counseling applications, and the likely features of the future information highway provides a foundation for exploring the potential benefits and limitations of using this technology in counseling.
Exploiting Vibrational Strong Coupling to Make an Optical Parametric Oscillator Out of a Raman Laser (2016)

When the collective coupling of the rovibrational states in organic molecules and confined electromagnetic modes is sufficiently strong, the system enters into vibrational strong coupling, leading to the formation of hybrid light-matter quasiparticles. In this Letter, we demonstrate theoretically how this hybridization in combination with stimulated Raman scattering can be utilized to widen the capabilities of Raman laser devices. We explore the conditions under which the lasing threshold can be diminished and the system can be transformed into an optical parametric oscillator. Finally, we show how the dramatic reduction of the many final molecular states into two collective excitations can be used to create an all-optical switch with output in the midinfrared.
An Ode to the Old Oak Tree (1992)

An ne to t~e lli zrh OCree
Dy-distribution in the grains of high-energy (Nd,Dy)-Fe-B magnets (1995)

Sintered (Nd,Dy)-Fe-B-magnets were manufactured by adding low melting RE/sub 3/Co or RE/sub 3/Co/sub 2/ alloys (RE=Nd or/and Dy) to basic alloys with compositions close to the Nd/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B stoichiometry. The remanent polarizations and the coercivities of sintered and annealed magnets with about 2 wt.% Dy range from 1.39 to 1.42 T and from 6.6 to 13.5 kOe, respectively. For example the magnet manufactured with an addition of 5 wt.% Dy/sub 1.5/Nd/sub 1.5/Co/sub 2/ achieves a remanence of 1.42 T and a coercivity of 9.0 kOe. The energy density of this magnet amounts to 46.8 MGOe (375 kJ/m/sup 3/). The microstructure of the magnets consists of large RE/sub 2/Fe/sub 14/B-grains with dimensions up to 50 /spl mu/m. WDX analysis revealed that the Dy-distribution in these grains is inhomogeneous: there is no Dy in the central region, while a Dy-concentration of 5 wt.% was detected in the border region of the /spl phi/-grains. Adjustment of the composition and of the processing route results in magnets with a remanent polarization of 1.4 T and a coercivity of 15 kOe.
3D printing the world's first metal bicycle frame (2014)

Renishaw, which makes metal additive manufacturing machines in the UK, has collaborated with a British bicycle company to create the world's first 3D printed metal bike frame. Liz Nickels spoke to the company to find out what the process involved.