gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunogenicity of, and Immunologic Memory to, a Reduced Primary Schedule of Meningococcal C-Tetanus Toxoid Conjugate Vaccine in Infants in the United Kingdom (2003)

It has been previously shown that one of the three meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccines introduced in the United Kingdom proved highly immunogenic after the first dose of a three-dose schedule, with evidence of immune memory after dose 3. Thus, in infants a one- or two-dose schedule of this MCC vaccine, conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT), may suffice. Healthy infants (n = 586) were randomized to receive either one (group 1), two (group 2), or three (group 3) doses of MCC-TT vaccine with a 10- micro g polysaccharide booster given at 13 to 14 months of age. Serum bactericidal antibody (SBA) levels were measured by utilizing rabbit complement (rSBA), meningococcal C-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG), and avidity indices (AIs). For groups 1, 2, and 3, the percentages of infants with an rSBA level of > or =8 against strain C11 were 98.4, 100, and 99.4%, respectively. Infants in group 1 with prevaccination rSBA titers of > or =8 had post-primary MCC rSBA geometric mean titers (GMTs) significantly lower than those infants with prevaccination rSBA titers of <8. One dose of MCC-TT vaccine given to infants at 2 months of age yielded significantly lower SBA GMTs and geometric mean AIs (GMAIs) than two or three doses but elicited a significantly greater response after boosting, as reflected by rSBA levels and GMAI. This study provides the first evidence that the number of doses of MCC-TT used in infant immunization schedules could be decreased.
Calculation of the wavelength filter properties of the fiber-slab waveguide structure using vector mode expansion (1998)

A vectorial solution technique is applied to investigate the dispersion characteristics of the ridge modes of a waveguide structure comprising a slab and optical fiber. The power transmission characteristics of the device with respect to wavelength are calculated under various device parameters, such as slab index and fiber-slab separation. We discuss the effects of such parameters on the bandwidth and rejection of the notch filter produced by this structure.
A Human Neutralizing Antibody Specific to Ang‐2 Inhibits Ocular Angiogenesis (2011)

Thus, human Ang2 antibodies are potentially therapeutic agents for ocular neovascularization in models of retinal and choroidal neovascularization, in the absence of VEGF inhibition.
Fractional Max-Pooling (2014)

Convolutional networks almost always incorporate some form of spatial pooling, and very often it is alpha times alpha max-pooling with alpha=2. Max-pooling act on the hidden layers of the network, reducing their size by an integer multiplicative factor alpha. The amazing by-product of discarding 75% of your data is that you build into the network a degree of invariance with respect to translations and elastic distortions. However, if you simply alternate convolutional layers with max-pooling layers, performance is limited due to the rapid reduction in spatial size, and the disjoint nature of the pooling regions. We have formulated a fractional version of max-pooling where alpha is allowed to take non-integer values. Our version of max-pooling is stochastic as there are lots of different ways of constructing suitable pooling regions. We find that our form of fractional max-pooling reduces overfitting on a variety of datasets: for instance, we improve on the state-of-the art for CIFAR-100 without even using dropout.
Effect of Cell Growth on Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Replication and a Mechanism of Cell Confluence-Based Inhibition of HCV RNA and Protein Expression (2006)

An intimate relationship between hepatitis C virus (HCV) replication and the physiological state of the host liver cells has been reported. In particular, a highly reproducible and reversible inhibitory effect of high cell density on HCV replication was observed: high levels of HCV RNA and protein can be detected in actively growing cells but decline sharply when the replicon cells reach confluence. Arrested cell growth of confluent cells has been proposed to be responsible for the inhibitory effect. Indeed, other means of arresting cell growth have also been shown to inhibit HCV replication. Here, we report a detailed study of the effect of cell growth and confluence on HCV replication using a flow cytometry-based assay that is not biased against cytostasis and reduced cell number. Although we readily reproduced the inhibitory effect of cell confluence on HCV replication, we found no evidence of inhibition by serum starvation, which arrested cell growth as expected. In addition, we observed no inhibitory effect by agents that perturb the cell cycle. Instead, our results suggest that the reduced intracellular pools of nucleosides account for the suppression of HCV expression in confluent cells, possibly through the shutoff of the de novo nucleoside biosynthetic pathway when cells become confluent. Adding exogenous uridine and cytidine to the culture medium restored HCV replication and expression in confluent cells. These results suggest that cell growth arrest is not sufficient for HCV replicon inhibition and reveal a mechanism for HCV RNA inhibition by cell confluence.
Piracy Detection App of Android Applications (2016)

Rapid increase of Smartphone users worldwide has moved developers attention towards Mobile platform to create applications for Smartphone. Android is one such major mobile platform and also an open source operating system. With the rapid increase in the android applications some undesirable apps begin to show up. Two kinds of such apps are pirated and malware. This focuses on piracy of application in android market, because one developer pirates the other developer's work. Two type of piracy present in android application, first copied java source code and other is graphical asset. This paper discusses on how to identify pirated application both graphical and java source code piracy. Androguard tool analyze similarity of bytecode in applications. With this tool, add extra feature to Combined Graphical asset comparison in Androguard. Finally, experimented result shows within 50sec can compare 20 Mb application graphical similarities and 120sec for source code comparison using Androsim (Snappy compressor).
Optimal flow control allocation policies in communication networks with priorities (2002)

M(>or=2) transmitting stations sending packets to a single receiver over a slotted time-multiplexed link are considered. The objective is to characterize dynamic policies that minimize the discounted and long-term average costs due to holding packets at the M stations. This flow control problem is modeled as a Markov decision process and treated by dynamic programming methods. The authors derive properties of optimal (discounted) policies that reduce the computational complexity of the flow control algorithm, and prove two properties of optimal policies. These properties are used to show that the optimization reduces to the calculation of optimal allocations for a finite number of states. Some special cases are considered.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<b>The Molecular Basis of Anisotropy</b>: Role of Gap Junctions (1995)

Role of Gap Junctions in Anisotropic Conduction. Electrical activation of the heart requires transfer of current from one discrete cardiac myocyte to another, a process that occurs at gap junctions. Recent advances in knowledge have established that, like most differentiated cells, individual cardiac myocytes express multiple gap junction channel proteins that are members of a multigene family of channel proteins called connexins. These proteins form channels with unique biophysical properties. Furthermore, functionally distinct cardiac tissues such as the nodes and bundles of the conduction system and atrial and ventricular muscle express different combinations of connexins. Myocytes in these tissues are interconnected by gap junctions that differ in a tissue‐specific manner in terms of their number, size, and three‐dimensional distribution. These observations suggest that both molecular and structural aspects of gap junctions are critical determinants of the anisotropic conduction properties of different cardiac tissues. Expression of multiple connexins also creates the possibility that “hybrid” channels composed of more than one connexin protein type can form, thus greatly increasing the potential for fine control of intercellular ion flow and communication within the heart.
A Survey of Human Disease Gene Counterparts in the <i>Drosophila</i> Genome (2000)

The recent sequencing of the Drosophila genome as a collaborative effort between the Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project (BDGP) and Celera Genomics provides an unparalleled opportunity to assess the prevalence of human disease gene counterparts in the fly genome ([Adams et al. 2000][1]; [Rubin et al
1-Pivaloylacetanilide derivatives (1979)

A series couplers have been prepared on the basis of 4,4-dimethyl-3-oxo-N-phenylpentaneamide. Some of them have been converted into the respective azomethine dyestuffs the absorption maxima of which have been compared with those of the corresponding couplers based on 3-oxo-3,N-diphenylpropaneamide.
Adaptive codebook precoder employing Kalman filter for time-varying MIMO channels (2015)

In this paper, an adaptive codebook precoding scheme is proposed for time-varying multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels with feedback delay. The proposed scheme updates its codebook on the basis of the spherical cap codebook (SCC) approach. In contrast with the conventional radius calculation for SCC, the proposed scheme does not need additional feedback of the cap radius or offline radius calculation, but only adapts the radius according to a previously selected codeword. In addition, the Kalman filter using the differential model as its process equation is employed to predict MIMO channels and to select a suitable codeword from the codebook. Since the Kalman filter does not require information on the maximum Doppler frequency, the proposed scheme, which is a combination of the self-adaptive SCC and the Kalman filter, can work well even when the maximum Doppler frequency is not exactly known. Computer simulations under 4-by-4 MIMO channels with 2 data streams and a 6-bit codebook demonstrate that the proposed scheme can improve the system capacity in the same way as the conventional scheme does, which needs exact information on the maximum Doppler frequency in contrast to the proposed scheme. When the different channel model is used, it is shown that the proposed self-adaptive SCC can still provide considerable capacity gain, while the conventional scheme can not do so.
Direct liquid phase fluorination of halogenated aromatic compounds (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDirect liquid phase fluorination of halogenated aromatic compoundsVytautas GrakauskasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1969, 34, 10, 2835–2839Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01262a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01262a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust Therapeutic Efficacy of Matrix Metalloproteinase-2-Cleavable Fas-1-RGD Peptide Complex in Chronic Inflammatory Arthritis (2016)

The present study revealed that MMP-2-cleavable peptide complex based on βig-h3 structure is a potent and safe therapeutic agent for chronic inflammatory arthritis, thus providing reliable evidence for a MMP-2-cleavable mechanism as a tissue-targeted strategy for treatment of RA.
Content Area Reading Preparation: Effectiveness of Four Methods of Instruction (1983)

The belief that secondary content teachers should have content reading as a course in their pre-service education is an idea that is gaining increasing acceptance. Surveys examining certification requirements show that an increasing number of states mandate a course in reading for secondary certification (Bader, 1975; Lamberg, 1978). This trend is also reflected in increased numbers of teacher training institutions that are now offering a content area reading course for their undergraduate secondary education majors, as compared to ten years ago.
Cost-effective implementation of multicasting in wavelength-routed networks (2000)

Multicasting in the optical domain has been recently shown to provide substantial savings in terms of the network-wide average packet hop distance and the total number of transceivers in the network. Current proposed multicasting architectures [e.g., splitter-and-delivery (SaD)] employ power splitting mechanisms which have the side effect of high fabrication cost due to the large number of splitters and the need for optical amplifiers. We propose a low-cost novel architecture called tap-and-continue (TaC) for realizing multicasting. This architecture provides a natural evolution from current unicast cross-connects and is based on tapping devices. We prove that any multicasting session can be feasibly realized in networks employing only TaC cross-connects, and the problem of finding the optimal multiple-destination minimum cost trail in such networks is NP-complete. Therefore, we develop a 4-approximation algorithm for multiple-destination routing. Simulation results demonstrate that the TaC cross-connect provides a realistic, cost-effective approach for implementing multicasting with negligible blocking degradation especially in multifiber networks.
A robust STF 6mW CT &#x0394;&#x03A3; modulator with 76dB dynamic range and 5MHz bandwidth (2010)

A third-order continuous-time delta-sigma modulator achieving 76dB dynamic range over 5MHz signal bandwidth is presented. The modulator has a monotonic lowpass signal transfer function and achieves over 70dB anti-aliasing. The prototype chip implemented in a 130nm CMOS process consumes 6mw power from a single 1.2V supply and occupies 0.56 mm2 active area.
A plant homologue to mammalian brain 14‐3‐3 protein and protein kinase C inhibitor (1992)

We have isolated cDNA clones of Spinacea oleracea L. and Oenothera hookeri of 930 and 1017 base pairs, respectively. The open reading frame deduced from the Oenothera sequence codes for a protein of a calculated molecular mass of 29,200. The primary amino acid sequence exhibits a very high degree (88%) of homology to the 14-3-3 protein from bovine brain, and protein kinase C inhibitor from sheep brain. Subsequently the plant protein was partially purified from leaf extract. The partially purified plant protein inhibited protein kinase C from sheep brain in a heterologous assay system. The active fraction consisted of 5-6 different polypeptides of similar molecular size. One of these proteins crossreacted with a peptide-specific antibody against protein kinase C inhibitor protein from sheep brain.
Variable step-size blind adaptive equalization algorithms (1991)

The authors present a variable step-size scheme that speeds up the convergence process of a general class of stochastic-gradient-based blind equalization algorithms. Four stochastic-gradient-type algorithms that are available for blind adaptive equalization are presented, and the variable step-size scheme for these algorithms is introduced. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the significant improvements in the convergence rates that are obtained using this variable step-size scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Catalyzing Bacterial Speciation: Correlating Lateral Transfer with Genetic Headroom (2001)

Unlike crown eukaryotic species, microbial species are created by continual processes of gene loss and acquisition promoted by horizontal genetic transfer. The amounts of foreign DNA in bacterial genomes, and the rate at which this is acquired, are consistent with gene transfer as the primary catalyst for microbial differentiation. However, the rate of successful gene transfer varies among bacterial lineages. The heterogeneity in foreign DNA content is directly correlated with amount of genetic headroom intrinsic to a bacterial species. Genetic headroom reflects the amount of potentially dispensable information--reflected in codon usage bias and codon context bias--that can be transiently sacrificed to allow experimentation with functions introduced by gene transfer. In this way, genetic headroom offers a potential metric for assessing the propensity of a lineage to speciate.
Use of Ventricular Assist Devices and Heart Transplantation for Advanced Heart Failure (2019)

There are only 2 treatments for the thousands of patients who progress to the most advanced form of heart failure despite the application of guideline-based medical therapy, use of ventricular assist devices and heart transplantation. There has been a great deal of progress in both of these therapies that have led to improved outcomes including significant improvement in survival and functional capacity. Heart transplantation offers the best short- and long-term survival for patients with end-stage heart failure, and the majority of these recipients achieve relatively limitless functional capacity for their age. However, the chronic shortage of available donors limits the number of recipients in the United States to an only 2500 patients/y or only a fraction of potential candidates. The significant improvement in outcomes now possible with durable ventricular assist devices has led to a significant increase in their use, which now exceeds the volume of heart transplants in the United States, with the greatest growth in use for those not considered to be candidates for heart transplantation, previously referred to as destination therapy. This article will review the substantial progress that has taken place for both of these life-saving treatment options, as well as the future directions.
Signaling through ShcA Is Required for Transforming Growth Factor β- and Neu/ErbB-2-Induced Breast Cancer Cell Motility and Invasion (2008)

Cooperation between the Neu/ErbB-2 and transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) signaling pathways enhances the invasive and metastatic capabilities of breast cancer cells; however, the underlying mechanisms mediating this synergy have yet to be fully explained. We demonstrate that TGF-beta induces the migration and invasion of mammary tumor explants expressing an activated Neu/ErbB-2 receptor, which requires signaling from autophosphorylation sites located in the C terminus. A systematic analysis of mammary tumor explants expressing Neu/ErbB-2 add-back receptors that couple to distinct signaling molecules has mapped the synergistic effect of TGF-beta-induced motility and invasion to signals emanating from tyrosine residues 1226/1227 and 1253 of Neu/ErbB-2. Given that the ShcA adaptor protein is known to interact with Neu/ErbB-2 through these residues, we investigated the importance of this signaling molecule in TGF-beta-induced cell motility and invasion. The reduction of ShcA expression rendered cells expressing activated Neu/ErbB-2, or add-back receptors signaling specifically through tyrosines 1226/1227 or 1253, unresponsive to TGF-beta-induced motility and invasion. In addition, a dominant-negative form of ShcA, lacking its three known tyrosine phosphorylation sites, completely abrogates the TGF-beta-induced migration and invasion of breast cancer cells expressing activated Neu/ErbB-2. Our results implicate signaling through the ShcA adaptor as a key component in the synergistic interaction between these pathways.
The Synthesis of Analogs of Penicillin.<sup>1a</sup> I (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Analogs of Penicillin.1a IDavid Todd and Sylvia TeichCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 8, 1895–1900Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01104a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01104a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views584Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Considerations of Species-Related Hematological Differences on the Evaluation of Biomaterials (1977)

Species-related hematological differences of experimental animals are important in the proper assessment of biomaterials intended for human use. This area, which has received less than adequate attention in the past, requires the development of new test methodologies with blood of primates and humans, under conditions that better simulate the physiological environment.
First measurement of strain distribution along field-installed optical fibers using Brillouin spectroscopy (1990)

Strain distributions along optical fibers in a 1.3-km-long cable before and after installation are measured using Brillouin optical-fiber time domain analysis. The residual strains in the installed optical fibers were found to vary from zero to 0.07%, depending on the conduit configuration and installation procedure. Strain distribution measurements were carried out on a 24-fiber slotted-core type single-mode optical fiber cable for 1.55- mu m-wavelength transmission, whose length, outer diameter, and weight were 1.3 km, 14 mm, and 0.18 kg/m, respectively. No clear relation between strain distributions and the fiber configuration in the test cable are found.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental study and normal individual trial of hemopoietic stem cell mobilizer ds (1992)

The munbers of MNC and CFU-GM in peripheral blood began to rise 1 hour after intravenous injection of DS and achieved peak value within 3–5 hours. The toxicity test suggested that the critical drawback of DS for clinical application was hypersensitive reaction rather than LD toxicity. The threshold molecular weight for causing hypersensitive reaction was slightly higher than 10000D. Compared to other kind of mobilizers, such as Cy, Ara—C, DNR, etc., DS may not only be used in patients, but also be used in normal individuals. The safe and effective dose of DS for human being is about 15–20 mg/kg.