gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interdomain traffic engineering in a locator/identifier separation context (2008)

The Routing Research Group (RRG) of the Internet Research Task Force (IRTF) is currently discussing several architectural solutions to build an interdomain routing architecture that scales better than the existing one. The solutions family currently being discussed concerns the addresses separation into locators and identifiers, LISP being one of them. Such a separation provides opportunities in terms of traffic engineering. In this paper, we propose an open and flexible solution that allows an ISP using identifier/locator separation to engineer its interdomain traffic. Our solution relies on the utilization of a service that transparently ranks paths using cost functions. We implement a prototype server and demonstrate its benefits in a LISP testbed.
MedWeaver: integrating decision support, literature searching, and Web exploration using the UMLS Metathesaurus. (1997)

Integrating functions from disparate and widely-distributed information systems has been an interest of the medical informatics community for some time. Barriers to progress have included the lack of network-accessible information sources, inadequate methods for inter-system messaging, and lack of vocabulary translation services. With the advent of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the evolution of the National Library of Medicine's Unified Medical Language System (UMLS), it is now possible to develop applications that integrate functions from diverse, distributed systems. In this paper we describe one such system, MedWeaver, a WWW application that integrates functions from a decision support application (DXplain), a literature searching system (WebMedline), and a clinical Web searching system (CliniWeb) using the UMLS Metathesaurus for vocabulary translation. This system demonstrates how application developers can design systems around anticipated clinical information needs and then draw together the needed content and functionality from diverse sources.
Four‐kilobase sequence of the mouse CNP gene directs spatial and temporal expression of lacZ in transgenic mice (1998)

The gene encoding 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase (CNP) is one of the earliest myelin genes to be expressed in the brain. It is expressed at basal levels in some non-neural tissues but at much higher levels in the nervous system, and its relevance and mechanism are unknown. Using transgenic mice, we examined the expression pattern conferred by a 4-kilobase (-kb) 5′-flanking sequence of the mouse CNP gene coupled to the bacterial lacZ reporter gene. Here we report that this 4-kb fragment contains sufficient information to direct expression of the transgene to the tissue and/or cell type, in which CNP is normally expressed. In the central nervous system (CNS), CNP-lacZ expression was regulated in a temporal manner, consistent with endogenous CNP expression. Transgene expression was detected in embryonic brain and spinal cord in immature oligodendrocytes, and it significantly increased with age. In adult mice, β-galactosidase activity (which appeared to be oligodendrocyte specific) was found essentially in white matter areas of the CNS. Moreover, the transgene was expressed in peripheral nervous system, testis, and thymus—tissues that normally express CNP. Taken together, our results provide strong evidence that cis-acting regulatory elements, necessary to direct spatial and temporal expression of the transgene in oligodendrocytes, are located within the 4-kb 5′-flanking sequence of the mouse CNP gene. This promoter could be a valuable tool to target specific expression of other transgenes to oligodendrocytes, and may provide important new insights into myelination or dysmyelination. J. Neurosci. Res. 53:393–404, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A Novel Electrochromic Polymer Synthesized through Electropolymerization of a New Donor−Acceptor Bipolar System (2007)

We have synthesized a novel 9,9‘-spirobifluorene-cored donor−acceptor (D−A) bichromophore system in which the electron-donating (D) moieties are triphenylamine (TPA) and carbazole (CBZ) groups and the electron-withdrawing (A) moieties are 1,3,4-oxadiazole (OXD) groups. The electron-deficient OXD groups efficiently blocked the radical cations delocalization between the two terminal TPA groups, rendering the electropolymerization of the TPA groups feasible. The resulting polymer could be cross-linked further at higher oxidation potentials through electrodimerization occurring at the C3 and C6 positions of the CBZ group. The polymer film obtained exhibited reversible electrochemical oxidation, accompanied by strong color changes with high coloration efficiency and contrast ratio, which could be switched through potential modulation.
Nucleotide sequence of the tissue-type plasminogen activator cDNA from human fetal lung cells (1988)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the tissue-type plasminogen activator cDNA from human fetal lung cells Get access Hitoshi Sasaki, Hitoshi Sasaki Product Development Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd1-6, Kashima 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Yoshimasa Saito, Yoshimasa Saito Product Development Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd1-6, Kashima 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Masako Hayashi, Masako Hayashi Product Development Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd1-6, Kashima 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Kazuyuki Otsuka, Kazuyuki Otsuka Product Development Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd1-6, Kashima 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mineo Niwa Mineo Niwa Product Development Laboratories, Fujisawa Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd1-6, Kashima 2-chome, Yodogawa-ku, Osaka 532, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 16, Issue 12, 24 June 1988, Page 5695, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/16.12.5695 Published: 24 June 1988 Article history Accepted: 03 May 1988 Published: 24 June 1988
Physicochemical properties determined by ΔpKa for protic ionic liquids based on an organic super-strong base with various Brønsted acids (2012)

Neutralization of an organic super-strong base, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5,4,0]-undec-7-ene (DBU), with different Brønsted acids affords a novel series of protic ionic liquids (PILs) with wide variations in the ΔpK(a) of the constituent amine and acids. The physicochemical properties of these PILs, such as thermal properties, density, conductivity, viscosity, self-diffusion coefficient, vibrational stretching frequency, and (1)H-chemical shifts of the N-H bond, have been studied in detail. The generated PILs have melting temperatures below 100 °C, and six are liquids at ambient temperatures. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) conducted under isothermal and programmed heating conditions have shown that PILs with ΔpK(a)≥ 15 exhibit good thermal stability similar to aprotic ionic liquids. For instance, PILs with ΔpK(a) > 20 show remarkably high short-term thermal stability up to ca. 450 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere. The viscosity, ionic conductivity, and molar conductivity of the PILs fit well with the Vogel-Fulcher-Tamman equation for their dependencies on temperature. The relative cationic and anionic self-diffusion coefficients of the PILs estimated by the pulsed-field gradient spin-echo (PGSE) NMR method appear to be dependent on the structure and strength of the Brønsted acids. Evaluation of the ionicity based on both the Walden plot and PGSE-NMR revealed that it increases until ΔpK(a) becomes 15 for the PILs.
Trimethylamine: the substance mainly responsible for the fishy odor often associated with bacterial vaginosis. (1986)

The vaginal discharge of women with bacterial vaginosis often has a prominent fishy odor. Intensification of this fishy odor by the addition of strong base to the vaginal discharge suggests that it could be due to trimethylamine, the substance responsible for the characteristic odor of spoiling fish. Samples were collected from 11 women with a vaginal discharge having a fishy odor and from 10 women with no detectable odor. Gas chromatographic analysis of headspace samples of alkalinized vaginal discharges indicated the presence of trimethylamine in all 11 samples with the fishy odor but not in the other samples. The chemical identity of trimethylamine was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of headspace samples from two vaginal discharge samples. It is concluded that trimethylamine is the primary cause of the fishy odor associated with bacterial vaginosis.
Achilles tendon healing: Long‐term biomechanical effects of postoperative mobilization and immobilization in a new mouse model (2002)

The aim of the study was to investigate the long-term effects of postoperative immobilization as opposed to mobilization on the biomechanical attributes of healing Achilles tendons in a new experimental mouse model. In 114 Balb-C-mice the left Achilles tendon was transected and sutured by the Kirchmayr-Kessler technique. The tendons healed either under postoperative immobilization effected by fixing the upper ankle joint in equinus position or under mobilization through a limited range of movement. The contralateral Achilles tendons served as internal control. All tendons were tested biomechanically at short intervals up to the 112th postoperative day in terms of load to failure [N], tendon deflection [mm] and tendon stiffness [N/mm], and were evaluated histologically after 8 and 112 days. Postoperative mobilization resulted in a continuous and significantly more rapid restoration of load to failure in comparison to the immobilization group. Tendon deflection was decreased by postoperative mobilization, whereas under immobilization it paradoxically increased still further in the later course. After 112 days the tendons of the mobilization group had regained their original tendon stiffness, whereas the tendons after immobilization reached only about half the values seen in the control tendons. Histologically, postoperative mobilization led to increased immigration of inflammatory cells in the early phase. In the late phase, as compared to immobilization, tendon structure was more mature, with fibre bundles arranged in parallel and interposed tendocytes. Tensile loading of the healing tendon by postoperative mobilization leads to fundamental changes in the biological process of tendon healing resulting in accelerated restoration of load to failure and reduced tendon deflection.
Liquid‐crystalline polysulfones, 4. Radiation‐induced degradation (1994)

Abstract Polysulfones are degraded by high‐energy radiation with highly specific bond scission of the main chains. The effect of γ‐ and electron‐beams on selected liquid‐crystalline polysulfones was determined. The radiation‐induced degradation of polysulfones by elimination of the monomers can be used for electro‐optical displays.
Facile Routes to Sodium Tetradecaphosphide Na<sub>4</sub>P<sub>14</sub> and Molecular Structure of Na<sub>4</sub>(DME)<sub>7.5</sub>P<sub>14</sub> and Na<sub>4</sub>(en)<sub>6</sub>P<sub>14</sub> (DME = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane; en = ethylenediamine) (2006)

Abstract Tetrasodium tetradecaphosphide Na 4 P 14 was obtained either from the reaction of PCl 3 with sodium in refluxing THF or from the reaction of red phosphorus and sodium in ethylenediamine at room temperature. The solid‐state structures of Na 4 (DME) 7.5 P 14 ( 1a ) and Na 4 (en) 6 P 14 ( 1b ) (DME = 1,2‐dimethoxyethane; en = ethylenediamine) are described.
Characterization of OXA-181, a Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Class D β-Lactamase from Klebsiella pneumoniae (2011)

Klebsiella pneumoniae KP3 was isolated from a patient transferred from India to the Sultanate of Oman. K. pneumoniae KP3 was resistant to all β-lactams, including carbapenems, and expressed the carbapenem-hydrolyzing β-lactamase OXA-181, which differs from OXA-48 by four amino acid substitutions. Compared to OXA-48, OXA-181 possessed a very similar hydrolytic profile. The bla(OXA-181) gene was located on a 7.6-kb ColE-type plasmid and was linked to the insertion sequence ISEcp1. The ISEcp1-mediated one-ended transposition of bla(OXA-181) was also demonstrated.
Correlation between tumorigenicity and altered glycosylation of a “leukocyte common” antigen in human lymphoid cell lines (1984)

Five human lymphoblastoid cell lines which have become tumorigenic, as judged by transplantability into immunosuppressed mice, have been compared with earlier, non-tumorigenic stocks of the same cultures, recovered from liquid nitrogen. Analysis of the cell surface glycoproteins by SDS-PAGE, electro-transfer to cellulose nitrate and "blotting" with radioiodinated lectins, reveals an increase in the molecular weight of one band from around 190 kd to 220 kd, in each case coinciding with the acquisition of the tumorigenic phenotype. Probing the electrotransfers with a monoclonal antibody demonstrates that the altered glycoprotein is a member of the "leukocyte common antigen" family. The increase in molecular weight is due to the addition of carbohydrate residues which are removed by treatment with neuraminidase and endoglycosidase. Screening a larger number of lymphoid cell lines, including those derived from Burkitt's lymphoma, shows an excellent correlation between tumorigenicity and altered molecular weight of a leukocyte common antigen.
Electrospray-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (ELDI-MS) with an infrared laser for characterizing peptides and proteins (2010)

An electrospray-assisted laser desorption/ionization source with an infrared OPO laser (IR-ELDI) was constructed and optimized for peptide and protein mass spectrometry analysis. Similar to ELDI with an ultraviolet laser, IR-ELDI generates multiply charged molecules for peptides and proteins measured under ambient sampling conditions. Both samples in the dried state and analyte solutions can be directly measured by IR-ELDI without the presence of a conventional MALDI matrix. However, the analysis of sample solutions is shown to greatly enhance the sensitivity of the mass spectrometry measurement, as a 100-fold sensitivity gain for peptide measurements was measured. The limit of detection of IR-ELDI was determined to be 250 fmol for bradykinin (1.1 kDa), 100 fmol for ubiquitin (8.6 kDa), and 500 fmol for carbonic anhydrase (29 kDa). IR-ELDI is amenable for MS and MSn analysis for proteins up to 80 kDa transferrin. IR-ELDI-MS may be a useful tool for protein sequencing analysis from complex biological matrices, with minimal sample preparation required.
Evaluation of Rofenaid® and a Commercial Bacterin for Prevention of Cranial Form of Fowl Cholera in Turkeys (1977)

Rofenaid, a potentiated sulfadimethoxine at drug concentrations of 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01% in feed, a combination of vaccination with a commercial bacterin and 0.01% potentiated sulfadimethoxine (Rofenaid), and vaccination separately, significantly (P less than 0.05) increased livability of turkeys experimentally induced with the cranial form of fowl cholera as compared to that of the nonmedicated nonvaccinated exposed turkeys. Turkeys were exposed by the administration of Pasteurella multocida (isolate 8579) in the drinking water.
Reactions of Gaseous Mercury with Atomic and Molecular Halogens:  Kinetics, Product Studies, and Atmospheric Implications (2002)

Rapid depletions of atmospheric mercury (Hg0) and ozone coinciding with high halogen concentrations have recently been observed in several high-Arctic and sub-Arctic regions. The lack of kinetic data on the halogen-initiated reactions of elemental mercury precluded the drawing of any conclusions on the chemistry of these mercury depletion events. We carried out extensive kinetic and product studies on the reactions of gaseous Hg0 with molecular and atomic halogens (X/X2 where X = Cl, Br) at atmospheric pressure (750 ± 1 Torr) and room temperature (298 ± 1 K) in air and N2. Kinetics of the reactions with X/X2 was studied using relative and absolute techniques by cold vapor atomic absorption spectroscopy (CVAAS) and gas chromatography with mass spectroscopic detection (GC-MS). The measured rate constants for reactions of Hg0 with Cl2, Cl, Br2, and Br were (2.6 ± 0.2) × 10-18, (1.0 ± 0.2) × 10-11, <(0.9 ± 0.2) × 10-16, and (3.2 ± 0.3) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1, respectively. The reaction products were analyzed in the gas phase, from the suspended aerosols, and from the wall of the reactor using MS, GC-MS, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The major products identified were HgCl2 and HgBr2 adsorbed on the wall. Suspended aerosols, collected on the micron filters, contributed to less than 0.5% of the reaction products under our experimental conditions. The importance of halogen reactions of mercury in the formation of particulate matter, which tends to be bioaccumulative, is discussed herein.
Design of a 1.5 V full-swing bootstrapped BiCMOS logic circuit (1995)

A low voltage full-swing BiCMOS bootstrapping technique that allows the design of BiCMOS logic circuits at supply voltages down to 1.5 V is presented. This is the first 1.5-V design technique that does not require complementary bipolar devices. The technique is shown to have significant advantages over existing low voltage BiCMOS logic designs in sub-3 V operation. Inverter gates fabricated using a 0.8-/spl mu/m technology were operated at 150 MHz with a supply voltage of 1.5 V. Implementation of this technique on dynamic logic is also demonstrated and experimental results match closely with simulation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Uptake of dimercaptosuccinate-coated magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles by cultured brain astrocytes (2011)

Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (Fe-NP) are currently considered for various diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the brain. However, little is known on the accumulation and biocompatibility of such particles in brain cells. We have synthesized and characterized dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA) coated Fe-NP and have investigated their uptake by cultured brain astrocytes. DMSA-coated Fe-NP that were dispersed in physiological medium had an average hydrodynamic diameter of about 60 nm. Incubation of cultured astrocytes with these Fe-NP caused a time- and concentration-dependent accumulation of cellular iron, but did not lead within 6 h to any cell toxicity. After 4 h of incubation with 100-4000 µM iron supplied as Fe-NP, the cellular iron content reached levels between 200 and 2000 nmol mg⁻¹ protein. The cellular iron content after exposure of astrocytes to Fe-NP at 4 °C was drastically lowered compared to cells that had been incubated at 37 °C. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of Fe-NP-containing vesicles in cells that were incubated with Fe-NP at 37 °C, but not in cells exposed to the nanoparticles at 4 °C. These data demonstrate that cultured astrocytes efficiently take up DMSA-coated Fe-NP in a process that appears to be saturable and strongly depends on the incubation temperature.
Consequences of Overhydration and the Need for Dry Weight Assessment (2008)

Despite significant progress in the fields of dialysis technology and medical therapy, mortality of hemodialysis (HD) patients remains high. Chronic overhydration is a major contributor to the high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality observed in HD patients. The difficulty of measuring excess fluid accurately and the determination of 'dry weight' are reflected in the abundant literature on overhydration. Data indicate that a significant proportion of HD patients are not at 'dry weight'. Considering its impact on cardiovascular diseases, the relation between excess fluid, sodium, interdialytic weight gain, hypertension and cardiac diseases needs more attention. Clearly the reduction of sodium intake is of prime importance. This can be achieved by a reduction of dietary sodium intake, individualized dialysate sodium concentration, avoidance of sodium profiling and use of hypertonic saline during dialysis. These measures are expected to result in less thirst and consecutive water intake, thereby facilitating achieving dry weight (DW). In concert, the application of new tools for DW assessment such as continuous intradialytic bioimpedance spectroscopy measurement, means to prevent intradialytic symptoms (e.g. glucose bolus instead of hypertonic saline; improved hemodynamic stability by reduced dialysate temperature) may be operative in reducing morbidity and mortality in HD patients.
A survey on querying encrypted XML documents for databases as a service (2008)

"Database as a service" paradigm has gained a lot of interest in recent years. This has raised questions about the security of data in the servers. Firms outsourcing their XML databases to untrusted parties started to look for new ways to securely store data and efficiently query them. In this paper, encrypted XML documents, their crypto index structures and query processing using these structures are investigated. A comparison of various algorithms in the literature is given.
A 1.5 GHz, 35-W Si-MOSFET with an internal matching circuit (2002)

We have developed a highly efficient Si power MOSFET that can operate at 1.5 GHz. This device has a double-ion-implanted layer in an offset region which achieves high drain current density as well as high breakdown voltage. It also has a 0.8-/spl mu/m Mo gate structure for high-frequency operation. In addition, we have successfully designed an internal matching circuit that overcomes the impedance-lowering problem of high-power MOSFETs operated at over 1 GHz. As a result, we obtain an output power of 35 W and a power-added efficiency of 50%, with excellent linearity of power gain.
DAC-SDC Low Power Object Detection Challenge for UAV Applications (2018)

The 55th Design Automation Conference (DAC) held its first System Design Contest (SDC) in 2018. SDC'18 features a lower power object detection challenge (LPODC) on designing and implementing novel algorithms based object detection in images taken from unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). The dataset includes 95 categories and 150k images, and the hardware platforms include Nvidia's TX2 and Xilinx's PYNQ Z1. DAC-SDC'18 attracted more than 110 entries from 12 countries. This paper presents in detail the dataset and evaluation procedure. It further discusses the methods developed by some of the entries as well as representative results. The paper concludes with directions for future improvements.
Security analysis of higher-order Boolean masking schemes for block ciphers (with conditions of perfect masking) (2008)

Side-channel attacks are an important class of cryptanalytic techniques against cryptographic implementations and masking is a frequently considered solution to improve the resistance of a cryptographic implementation against side-channel attacks. The security of higher-order Boolean masking schemes in various contexts is analysed. The results presented are 2-fold. First, the definitions of higher-order side-channel attacks with the related security notions are formalised and certain security weaknesses in recently proposed masking schemes are put forward. Second, the conditions upon which a substitution box in a block cipher can be perfectly masked by Boolean values in order to counteract side-channel attacks are investigated. That is, can the leakages' statistical distributions at a masked S-box output (over all possible masks) be independent of the secret key targeted in the attacks? The consequences of this requirement are studied in two commonly considered leakage models, namely the Hamming weight and distance models, and conditions on the substitution boxes are derived. As a result of the analysis, it appears that these conditions are not achievable as they lead to evident cryptanalytic weaknesses. Thus, it is formally confirmed that masking cannot be used as a stand-alone countermeasure and cannot offer provable security against side-channel attacks.