gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cure characterization of triglycidyl epoxy/aromatic amine systems (1995)

Abstract The curing of triglycidyl para‐aminophenol (TGPAP) epoxy resin with three aromatic amine hardeners, diaminodiphenye sulphone (DDS), pyridinediamine (PDA), and toluenediamine (TDA), has been investigated. A series of iosthermal cures was conducted and analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The chemical reactions occurring during cure were monitored at different temperatures by qualitative and quantitative estimation of different groups in the IR spectra, and the ratio of rate constants ( k 2 / k 1 ) were evaluated. Dynamic DSC analysis of TGPAP/TDA resulted in two exothermal peaks, indicating cure kinetics different from those of TGPAP/DDS and TGPAP/PDA systems, which gave a single exothermal peak. Various kinetic parameters such as total heat of reaction. Δ H ′, activation energy E a , Frequency factor z , and order of reaction n were evaluated for all the three systems. From the initial kick‐off temperatures and activation energy values it was concluded that the rate of curing followed the order TDA > PDA > DDS. The reaction conversions during cure, evaluated from IR analysis, were exactly the same as those obtained from DSC Borchardt–Daniels kinetics. Using this model, the plots of time vs. temperature for different conversions were constructed for all the three systems; on the basis of these, the cure cycles can be fixed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Autoregulatory Suppression of c-Myc by miR-185-3p (2011)

The expression of the c-myc oncogene at both protein and mRNA levels is transient and begins to be turned off 3-6 h after growth stimulation of cultured cells. The exact mechanism(s) underlying this down-regulation of c-Myc remains incompletely understood. Here we report the identification of miR-185-3p as a novel feedback regulator of c-Myc. This microRNA (miRNA) was initially identified as one of the c-Myc target miRNA transcripts through analysis of RNA samples isolated from cells prior to and after serum stimulation and further verified by real-time PCR, luciferase reporter, and ChIP assays. Interestingly, overexpression of wild type, but not mutant, miR-185-3p decreased the protein, but not mRNA, level of c-Myc in a dose-dependent fashion and also drastically abated the serum induction of c-Myc level in human cancer cells by targeting the coding sequence of c-Myc mRNA, consequently suppressing c-Myc-mediated proliferation. A miR-185-3p inhibitor rescued the inhibition of c-Myc expression by endogenous miR-185-3p. Thus, our results unveil miR-185-3p as the first miRNA that monitors c-Myc levels via an autoregulatory feedback mechanism in response to serum stimulation.
Real-Time Rendering with Lighting Grid Hierarchy (2019)

We present an extension of the lighting grid hierarchy method for real-time rendering with many lights on the GPU. We describe efficient methods for parallel construction of the lighting grid hierarchy and using it with deferred rending. We also present a method for estimating shadows from many lights with a small number of shadow samples using the ray tracing API on the GPU. We show how our approach can be used for real-time global illumination computation with virtual point lights.
Antibacterial activities of epiroprim, a new dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor, alone and in combination with dapsone (1996)

Epiroprim (EPM; Ro 11-8958) is a new selective inhibitor of microbial dihydrofolate reductase. EPM displayed excellent activity against staphylococci, enterococci, pneumococci, and streptococci which was considerably better than that of trimethoprim (TMP). EPM was also active against TMP-resistant strains, although the MICs were still relatively high. Its combination with dapsone (DDS) was synergistic and showed as in vitro activity superior to that of the TMP combination with sulfamethoxazole (SMZ). The EPM-DDS (ratio, 1:19) combination inhibited more than 90% of all important gram-positive pathogens at a concentration of 2 + 38 micrograms/ml. Only a few highly TMP-resistant staphylococci and enterococci were not inhibited. EPM was also more active than TMP against Moraxella catarrhalis, Neisseria meningitidis, and Bacteroides spp., but it was less active than TMP against all other gram-negative bacteria tested. Atypical mycobacteria were poorly susceptible to EPM, but the combination with DDS was synergistic and active at concentrations most probably achievable in biological fluids (MICs from 0.25 +/- 4.75 to 4 + 76 micrograms/ml). EPM and the EPM-DDS combination were also highly active against experimental staphylococcal infections in a mouse septicemia model. The combination EPM-DDS has previously been shown to exhibit activity in Pneumocystis carinii and Toxoplasma models and, as shown in the present study, also shows good activity against a broad range of bacteria including many strains resistant to TMP and TMP-SMZ.
Lakhas, an Arabic summarization system (2004)

This paper describes the Arabic summarization system that we have developed and evaluated on the very short summary of noisy text task of DUC2004. We describe the structure of the system and the various compaction techniques we developed in order to produce 10 words summaries of news articles. We also present the score we obtained using two different machine translation systems.
Proteomics of <i>Synechocystis</i> sp. PCC 6803 (2007)

The cyanobacterial plasma membrane is an essential cell barrier with functions such as the control of taxis, nutrient uptake and secretion. These functions are carried out by integral membrane proteins, which are difficult to identify using standard proteomic methods. In this study, integral proteins were enriched from purified plasma membranes of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 using urea wash followed by protein resolution in 1D SDS/PAGE. In total, 51 proteins were identified by peptide mass fingerprinting using MALDI-TOF MS. More than half of the proteins were predicted to be integral with 1-12 transmembrane helices. The majority of the proteins had not been identified previously, and include members of metalloproteases, chemotaxis proteins, secretion proteins, as well as type 2 NAD(P)H dehydrogenase and glycosyltransferase. The obtained results serve as a useful reference for further investigations of the address codes for targeting of integral membrane proteins in cyanobacteria.
Targeting an IKBKE cytokine network impairs triple-negative breast cancer growth (2014)

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are a heterogeneous set of cancers that are defined by the absence of hormone receptor expression and HER2 amplification. Here, we found that inducible IκB kinase-related (IKK-related) kinase IKBKE expression and JAK/STAT pathway activation compose a cytokine signaling network in the immune-activated subset of TNBC. We found that treatment of cultured IKBKE-driven breast cancer cells with CYT387, a potent inhibitor of TBK1/IKBKE and JAK signaling, impairs proliferation, while inhibition of JAK alone does not. CYT387 treatment inhibited activation of both NF-κB and STAT and disrupted expression of the protumorigenic cytokines CCL5 and IL-6 in these IKBKE-driven breast cancer cells. Moreover, in 3D culture models, the addition of CCL5 and IL-6 to the media not only promoted tumor spheroid dispersal but also stimulated proliferation and migration of endothelial cells. Interruption of cytokine signaling by CYT387 in vivo impaired the growth of an IKBKE-driven TNBC cell line and patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). A combination of CYT387 therapy with a MEK inhibitor was particularly effective, abrogating tumor growth and angiogenesis in an aggressive PDX model of TNBC. Together, these findings reveal that IKBKE-associated cytokine signaling promotes tumorigenicity of immune-driven TNBC and identify a potential therapeutic strategy using clinically available compounds.
Minocycline protects oligodendroglial precursor cells against injury caused by oxygen‐glucose deprivation (2012)

Ischemic brain injury is widely modeled in vitro with paradigms of oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD), which leads to cell death. The prevention and attenuation of brain injury by the tetracycline antibiotic minocycline has been attributed largely to suppression of microglial activation, but its benefits in oligodendrocyte cells have not been well characterized. Using primary cultures of rat oligodendroglial precursor cells (OPC) exposed to OGD, we investigated the direct effects of minocycline on the survival, proliferation, and maturation of oligodendroglial lineage cells. OGD for 2 hr caused a decrease in the total number of OPC and the amount of proliferating progenitors by 50%, which was attenuated by inclusion of minocycline. The reduced numbers of immature oligodendroglial cells at 72 hr and of mature oligodendrocytes at 120 hr after OGD were partially restored by minocycline. In OPC, OGD caused an increase of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and production of TUNEL-positive cell numbers, which was abolished by minocycline. Minocycline preferentially increased the expression of superoxide dismutase under OGD but not in control OPC. Minocycline also prevented the OGD-induced downregulation of the transcription factors Sox10 and Olig2 and of myelin-specific genes 2'3' cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (CNP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) in response to OGD. These studies demonstrate direct protective actions of minocycline on oligodendroglial-lineage cells, suggesting potential benefit in white matter injury involving OGD.
Synthesis of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/Silica Colloidal Nanocomposites (2003)

The synthesis of colloidally stable nanocomposites comprising poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) and a 20 nm diameter silica sol is described for the first time. Raspberry-shaped PEDOT−silica nanocomposites of submicrometer dimensions were obtained, with silica contents ranging from 19% to 80% by mass and with electrical conductivities as high as 0.2 S cm-1.
Regional differences and effect of weight reduction on human fat cell metabolism (1979)

Abstract. The metabolism of adipocytes from severely obese patients was investigated before and after weight was reduced by jejuno‐ileal by‐pass. After weight reduction lipolysis and glucose incorporation into triglycerides were decreased as was the cell size. The effect of submaximal concentrations of insulin on glucose incorporation increased with weight reduction implying increased cellular insulin sensitivity. The rate of glucose incorporation and basal lipolysis in the adipocytes correlated directly with the fasting plasma insulin level before weight reduction. After weight reduction there was a positive correlation between the decrease in glucose metabolism and the reduction in the plasma insulin level. These data support the concept that plasma insulin may be important for the long‐term regulation of glucose metabolism and lipolysis in fat cells. In other patients with normal body weight, studies on regional differences in adipocyte metabolism showed that fat cells from the subcutaneous abdominal region responded better to both noradrenaline and insulin than femoral fat cells. The differences between these sites were less pronounced during incubation with isopropylnoradrenaline, suggesting there was increased α‐receptor activity in the femoral region. Adipocytes in the abdominal subcutaneous region are thus metabolically much more active than those in the femoral region. This might explain why several blood parameters such as arterial free fatty acid and glycerol levels correlate with lipolysis of abdominal but not femoral cells and why plasma insulin and triglyceride levels correlate with abdominal but not femoral fat cell size. Also, the responsiveness of adipocytes in the abdominal region may explain why cells in this region decreased more in size than those in the femoral region during weight reduction.
PHOTOINHIBITION OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN NATURAL WATERS* (1980)

Abstract— A quantitative analysis of the wavelength‐dependent influence of solar irradiance on natural phytoplankton photosynthesis has been made. The effect on productivity due to several different UV radiation regimes has been measured. In the course of this analysis, it has been shown that the biological weighting function for photoinhibition of chloroplasts (Jones and Kok, 1966) allows the calculation of a biologically effective dose which is consistent with the measured photoinhibition in natural phytoplankton populations. The ecological implications of a change in available UV radiation, possibly due to anthropogenic altering of the ozone layer, are explored and it is found that the present static bottle l4 C technique of measuring in situ phytoplankton productivity does not lend itself to assessing accurately the potential ecological consequences of possible increased MUV (middle ultraviolet radiation in the 280–340 nm region) on phytoplankton populations. A small change in MUV has a relatively minor effect on photoinhibition dose rates whereas it has a large potential effect on DNA dose rates.
Furin Inhibitors Block SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Cleavage to Suppress Virus Production and Cytopathic Effects (2020)

Development of specific antiviral agents is an urgent unmet need for SARS-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. This study focuses on host proteases that proteolytically activate the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, critical for its fusion after binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as antiviral targets. We first validate cleavage at a putative furin substrate motif at SARS-CoV-2 spikes by expressing it in VeroE6 cells and find prominent syncytium formation. Cleavage and the syncytium are abolished by treatment with the furin inhibitors decanoyl-RVKR-chloromethylketone (CMK) and naphthofluorescein, but not by the transmembrane protease serine 2 (TMPRSS2) inhibitor camostat. CMK and naphthofluorescein show antiviral effects on SARS-CoV-2-infected cells by decreasing virus production and cytopathic effects. Further analysis reveals that, similar to camostat, CMK blocks virus entry, but it further suppresses cleavage of spikes and the syncytium. Naphthofluorescein acts primarily by suppressing viral RNA transcription. Therefore, furin inhibitors may be promising antiviral agents for prevention and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Enhanced Phase II Detoxification Contributes to Beneficial Effects of Dietary Restriction as Revealed by Multi-platform Metabolomics Studies (2012)

Dietary restriction (DR) has many beneficial effects, but the detailed metabolic mechanism remains largely unresolved. As diet is essentially related to metabolism, we investigated the metabolite profiles of urines from control and DR animals using NMR and LC/MS metabolomic approaches. Multivariate analysis presented distinctive metabolic profiles and marker signals from glucuronide and glycine conjugation pathways in the DR group. Broad profiling of the urine phase II metabolites with neutral loss scanning showed that levels of glucuronide and glycine conjugation metabolites were generally higher in the DR group. The up-regulation of phase II detoxification in the DR group was confirmed by mRNA and protein expression levels of uridinediphospho-glucuronosyltransferase and glycine-N-acyltransferase in actual liver tissues. Histopathology and serum biochemistry showed that DR was correlated with the beneficial effects of low levels of serum alanine transaminase and glycogen granules in liver. In addition, the Nuclear factor (erythroid-derived 2)-like 2 signaling pathway was shown to be up-regulated, providing a mechanistic clue regarding the enhanced phase II detoxification in liver tissue. Taken together, our metabolomic and biochemical studies provide a possible metabolic perspective for understanding the complex mechanism underlying the beneficial effects of DR.
Context based multiscale classification of images (2002)

This paper presents an algorithm to segment images into four classes: background, photograph, text and graph. There are two important aspects about the algorithm. The first is that the algorithm takes a multiscale approach, which adaptively classifies an image at different resolutions. The multiscale structure enables accurate classification at class boundaries as well as fast classification overall. The second is that the context information, which is accumulated in the process of classification, is used to improve the classification accuracy.
Effects of atrial natriuretic peptide on ischemic brain edema in rats evaluated by proton magnetic resonance method. (1991)

We examined the effect of atrial natriuretic peptide on cerebral edema in 96 rats. Forty-four rats were given 30 (n = 11), 120 (n = 26), or 150 (n = 7) micrograms/kg of the peptide intravenously over 24 hours after occlusion of the left middle cerebral artery to induce cerebral ischemia. We then measured the brain water content, the brain sodium and potassium contents, the in vitro proton nuclear magnetic resonance longitudinal (T1) and transverse (T2) relaxation times, and the area of the edematous regions. Compared with saline treatment (n = 39), peptide treatment decreased the brain water content in a dose-dependent manner and decreased the brain sodium content significantly (p less than 0.05). Peptide treatment also suppressed the lengthening of both T1 and T2 in edematous tissue (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively) and reduced the area of the edematous regions observed by magnetic resonance imaging (p less than 0.01). Atrial natriuretic peptide appears to have a pharmacological effect on ischemic brain edema, possibly by suppressing the elevation of water content through regulation of electrolyte transport in the brain.
Inkjet printing of uniform dielectric oxide structures from sol–gel inks by adjusting the solvent composition (2016)

Adjusting ink's solvent composition with respect to the solvents volatility enabled printing of flat, nano-thick dielectric structures of high-performance.
A general-purpose multimedia synchronization mechanism based on causal relations (1996)

Designing distributed multimedia applications raises temporal and spatial synchronization issues related to processing, transport, storage, retrieval and presentation of data, sound, still images and video. Within this framework, the paper aims to define a general-purpose multimedia synchronization mechanism, known as the conditional delivery mechanism, capable of addressing both intraand inter-stream synchronization issues. The proposed mechanism, based on the identification of causal relations among information units of one or several streams, is designed to ensure that these causal relations, expressed at the user's level, are satisfied when delivering the streams. The conditional delivery mechanism is analyzed in depth and both informal and formal specifications of the mechanism are provided. The formal specification refers to an extension of the standard formal description technique LOTOS (RT-LOTOS for real-time LOTOS). Validation results of the conditional delivery mechanism are finally presented for a distance and interactive training application.
Determination of the von Willebrand's disease antigen (factor VIII-related antigen) in plasma by quantitative immunoelectrophoresis. (1975)

Measurement of the von Willebrand's disease antigen (factor viii-related antigen) has become an increasingly useful tool in the differential diagnosis of those disorders of hemostasis characterized by an abnormality of factor viii procoagulant activity. Optimal conditions for assay of the von Willebrand's disease antigen in plasma by the quantitive immunoelectrophoretic technique are described. Potential sources ofsystematic error have been evaluated and a dilution effect has been identified.
Enhanced Degradation of Dissolved Benzene and Toluene Using a Solid Oxygen‐Releasing Compound (1994)

Abstract A field lest to evaluate the applicability of an oxygon‐releasing compound (ORC) to the rernediation of ground water contaminated with benzone and toluene was conducted in the Borden Aquifer in Ontario. Canada. Benzene and toluene were injected as organic substrates to represent BTEX compounds, bromide was used as a tracer, and nitrate was added to avoid nitrate‐limited conditions. The fate of the solutes was monitored along four lines of monitoring points and wells. Two lines studied the behavior of the solutes upgradient and downgradient of two large‐diameter well screens filled with briquets containing ORC and briquets without ORC. One line was used to study the solute behavior upgradient and downgradient of columns of ORC powder placed directly in the saturated zone. The remaining line was a control. The results indicate that ORC in both briquet and powder form can release significant amounts of oxygen to conlaminated ground water passing by it. In the formulation used in this work, oxygen release persisted for at least 10 weeks. Furthemiore, the study indicates that the enhancement of the available dissolved oxygen content of at least 4 mg/L each of the ground water by ORC can support biodegradation of benzene and toluene dissolved in ground water. Such concentrations are typical of those encountered at sites contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons; therefore, these results suggest that there is promise for ORC to enhance in situ biodegradation of BTKX contaminants at such sites using passive (nonpumping) systems to contact the contaminated ground water with the oxygen source.
Thermal conductivity of metal-matrix composites (1995)

The thermal conductivity of metal-matrix composites, which are potential electronic packaging materials, is calculated using effective medium theory and finite-element techniques. The thermal boundary resistance, which occurs at the interface between the metal and the included phase (typically ceramic particles), has a large effect for small particle sizes. It is found that SiC particles in Al must have radii in excess of 10 μm to obtain the full benefit of the ceramic phase on the thermal conductivity. Bimodal distributions of particle size are considered, since these are often used to fabricate high-volume fraction composites. It is found that if the small particles (in a bimodal distribution) have a radius less than 2.5 μm in SiC/Al their addition reduces the thermal conductivity of the composite. Diamond-containing composites, which have large thermal boundary resistance effects, are analyzed. Comparison of the effective medium theory results to finite-element calculations for axisymmetric unit-cell models in three dimensions and to simulation results on disordered arrays of particles in two dimensions confirms the validity of the theory.
Recent Advances in Soft Torque Rotary Systems (2015)

Abstract Many rigs have STRS, the Soft Torque Rotary System, also known in the drilling industry as SoftSpeed, EPST or RevIT. STRS expands the stick-slip free drilling envelope. Weight on bit can go up, RPM can go down. Rate of penetration goes up. Whenever STRS is in use, the frequency of tripping a drill string out and back into the hole reduces. That's because it reduces the likelihood of prematurely worn bits, for twist offs, back offs or for damaged down hole tools. From the vast amount of operational data collected by mandatory 24/7 high speed top drive torque and speed recorders, we learnt that the now mature technology could still be further improved. This paper outlines the Z-Torque approach, a novel SoftTorque controller that expands stick-slip free operating envelopes and greatly simplifies tool operation. Author of this paper is an electronics engineer, approaching the stick-slip challenge from an unusual perspective: aim to cure stick-slip vibrations with the same tools and tricks as traditionally used in high frequency printed circuit board design, in telephone lines, TV antenna coax cables, fiber optics, in seismic, and the likes.