gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Full expression of blood group-related, transplantation-related, and carcinoembryonic antigens in human colorectal cancer cells with different degrees of phenotypic differentiation. (1985)

Seven established human colon carcinoma cell lines with distinct degrees of phenotypic differentiation were evaluated for the presence of blood group-related and transplantation-related antigens in relation to their production of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). All lines presented A and B antigens regardless of the patients' original red blood cell type. However, tumor cells from patients originally classified as O-type had lower expression of both A and B antigens and high production of CEA. Cells from patients with an original A type had low to undetectable CEA production and high expression of both A and B antigens. There was no particular segregation of transplantation-related antigens with respect to phenotypic expression. All lines presented HLA-A, -B, and -C, as well as -DR antigens. These results demonstrate that colon carcinoma cells have the ability to fully express both blood group-related and transplantation-related antigens, even if discordant with the donor's red blood cell phenotype. Furthermore, it appears that expression of A antigen is intimately related to synthesis of CEA.
Head-Mounted Mobility Aid for Low Vision Using Scene Classification Techniques (1998)

This paper describes a new mobility aid for people with severe visual impairments which combines technology from the field of virtual reality with advanced computer vision techniques. A neural-network classifier is used to identify objects in images from a head mounted camera so that scene content specifically important for mobility may be made more visible. Enhanced images are displayed to the user on a head mounted display using a high saturation colour scheme where each type of object has a different colour, resulting in images which are highly visible and easy to interpret. The object classifier achieves a level of accuracy over 90%. Results from a pilot study conducted using people with a range of visual impairments are presented in which performance on a difficult mobility-related task was improved by over 100% using the system.
Study of high-capacity single-body Li-ion battery charging and discharging system (2009)

This paper proposed a high-efficiency battery charging and discharging system for high-capacity single-body Li-ion battery. This system can work as battery formation system or battery test system. The main system structure includes a single-phase bi-directional PWM rectifier, dc-link, half-bridge converter with current-doubler synchronous rectifier as charging unit and interleaved pull-push converter as discharging unit, and control unit and communication port. The charging and discharging units were designed separately for more feasible control strategy, because several such units can be paralleled to be a bigger system through dc-link. The energy balance among batteries and the grid is controlled automatically. There are three system operation modes: all batteries charging from the grid or discharging to the grid, energy transfer among charging batteries, discharging batteries and the grid. Besides of basic functions, battery energy records were accomplished by communication with the host computer. Such records will beneficial to the battery lifetime evaluation.
Synthesis and Cytotoxic Activities of Pyrrole[2,3-d]pyridazin-4-one Derivatives. (2002)

1-Methyl-2-phenyl (1) and 1,3-dimethyl-2-phenyl (2)-substituted pyrrole[2,3-d]pyridazinones, as well as their tetracyclic analogues 3-6, were synthesized and evaluated in vitro by the National Cancer Institute against 60 human tumor cell lines derived from nine cancer cell types. Biological results showed that the antitumor activities of these compounds were related to the planarity of their ring systems with potency increasing in the order 2<4 congruent with 5<6<3. Among them, the most potent compound 3 showed significant cell line cytotoxicity, particularly against the renal cancer subpanel [GI(50) (microM) 5.07] and displayed significant potency [GI(50) (microM) 3.04-4.32] against MOLT-4, SR (leukemia), NCI-H460 (non-small cell lung), HCT-116 (colon), and SF-295 (CNS) cancer cells, respectively.
The ERB family receptor dimerization in glioblastoma—An eTag assay analysis of 23 cases (2006)

1582 Background: Glioblastoma is the most malignant astrocytic tumor and accounts for about 50–60% of all astrocytic neoplasms. Despite intensive radiation and chemotherapy, less than 2% of patients survive more than 3 years. The Erb family of signaling molecules are transmembrane receptors with intrinsic kinase activity (except ErbB3) capable of modifying tyrosine residues on the receptor itself as well as on downstream signaling molecules. Under physiological conditions a variety of ligands interact and act as driving forces in the formation of homo and heterodimeric complexes between the four receptors leading to signal amplification and downstream activities. More than one third of glioblastoma cases show gene amplification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which can be in truncated or rearranged form. The eTag assay system (Monogram) is an antibody based fluorescent assay that has the potential to assess the activation state of the EGFR signaling pathway. Methods: Twenty three cases of glioblastoma were selected for eTag analysis. There were twelve males and eleven females with ages ranging from 20–84 years. After reviewing the histology, 10 micron sections were cut from formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue blocks. Specific monoclonal antibodies of the Erb family bound to a fluorescent reporter (eTag) were applied to tissue sections. After binding of specific analyte, a second monoclonal antibody is added which acts as molecular scissors resulting in cleavage of “eTags”. The released eTag molecules are separated by capillary electrophoresis and measured as relative fluorescent units. Various FFPE tumor cell lines were used as controls. Results: Nineteen out of twenty three tumors (82%) showed the presence of dimers of the Erb family signaling pathway. High levels of intra and /or extracellular EGFR homodimers (HER-1-HER-1) were detected in eight samples (35%). EGFR-HER-3 dimers and EGFR-HER-2 dimers were seen at high levels in four and six samples (17% and 26% respectively). High levels of HER-2-HER3 dimers were detected in six samples (26%). Conclusion: The EGFR signaling pathway plays a substantial role in tumorigenesis of glioblastoma. Identification of receptor homo and heterodimers may be of value during treatment planning of individual patients. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
Structural analysis of complex materials using the atomic pair distribution function — a practical guide (2003)

Abstract Modern materials and their properties are often characterized by varying degrees of disorder. Routine crystallographic structure solution only reveals the average structure. The study of Bragg and diffuse scattering yields the local atomic arrangements holding the key to understanding increasingly complex materials. In this paper we review the pair distribution function technique used to unravel the local structure. We aim to give a practical overview and make this method easily accessible to the wider scientific community.
Chemical synthesis of conducting polypyrrole and some composites (1986)

V. Bocchi and G. P. Gardini, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1986, 148a DOI: 10.1039/C3986000148A
<i>meta</i>‐C−H Arylation and Alkylation of Benzylsulfonamide Enabled by a Palladium(II)/Isoquinoline Catalyst (2017)

Abstract Palladium(II)‐catalyzed meta ‐C−H arylation and alkylation of benzylsulfonamide using 2‐carbomethoxynorbornene (NBE‐CO 2 Me) as a transient mediator are realized by using a newly developed electron‐deficient directing group and isoquinoline as a ligand. This protocol features broad substrate scope and excellent functional‐group tolerance. The meta ‐substituted benyzlsulfonamides can be readily transformed into sodium sulfonates, sulfonate esters, and sulfonamides, as well as styrenes by Julia‐type olefination. The unique impact of the isoquinoline ligand underscores the importance of subtle matching between ligands and the directing groups.
Three-Point Hydrogen Bonding Assembly between a Conjugated PPV and a Functionalized Fullerene (2003)

A new self-assembly system between a PPV derivative and an organofullerene through a three-point hydrogen-bonding interaction was prepared. The formation of hydrogen bonding was confirmed by 1H NMR studies in CDCl3. Fluorescence quenching experiments indicated that the fluorescence of U-PPV was greatly quenched by DAP-C60 (KSV = 5.8 × 104 M-1).
Frequency comb generation in a silicon ring resonator modulator (2018)

We report on the generation of an optical comb of highly uniform in power frequency lines (variation less than 0.7 dB) using a silicon ring resonator modulator. A characterization involving the measurement of the complex transfer function of the ring is presented and five frequency tones with a 10-GHz spacing are produced using a dual-frequency electrical input at 10 and 20 GHz. A comb shape comparison is conducted for different modulator bias voltages, indicating optimum operation at a small forward-bias voltage. A time-domain measurement confirmed that the comb signal was highly coherent, forming 20.3-ps-long pulses.
Execution time analysis of communicating tasks in distributed systems (1996)

Task-execution times are one of the most important parameters in scheduling tasks. Most scheduling algorithms are based on the assumption that either worst-case task-execution times are known to the scheduler or no information on execution times is available at all. While scheduling tasks based on worst-case execution times can guarantee to meet their timing requirements, it may lead to severe under-utilization of CPUs because worst-case execution times could be one or two orders of magnitude larger than the corresponding actual values. Scheduling tasks based on the execution time distribution (instead of worst-case execution times) is known to improve system utilization significantly. In this paper, we propose a model to predict task execution times in a distributed system. The model considers several factors which affect the execution time of each task. These factors are classified into two groups: intrinsic and extrinsic. The intrinsic factors control the flow within a task, while the extrinsic factors include communication and synchronization delays between tasks. By simplifying the extrinsic factors, we represent a distributed system with a simple queuing model. The proposed queuing model consists of two stations: one for computation and the other for communication and synchronization.
Correlation between coxsackie B1 virus replication and enhanced invasiveness of <i>Shigella flexneri</i> (1992)

Coxsackie B1 virus infection enhances the susceptibility of cultured HEp-2 cells to Shigella flexneri invasiveness. This can be reproduced partially with UV-inactivated virus, particularly the effect observed shortly after viral inoculation. The following phases of viral multiplication were correlated with the enhancing effect: uncoating of viral particles, synthesis of viral RNA and proteins, and assembly of newly produced virus particles. Uncoating of virus particles was completed within 60 min. This process was not correlated with the development of the early effect on invasiveness. Intact virus capsids seem to be necessary to enhance bacterial invasiveness in the early phase of virus infection. Separated capsid proteins had no effect either when applied to the cell surface or when microinjected into the cells. Virus protein synthesis was not required for the virus effect on bacterial invasiveness in the early infection phase, but it seems to be necessary in the late phase.
Recent developments on the flat-plate micro-concentrator module (2003)

We develop a novel 300-Sun concentrating photovoltaic (CPV) module. A non-imaging optical design based on a compact total internal reflection (TIR) lens enables a very low profile module, similar to a flat-plate module. This paper presents some recent advances in the development of this module. These advances concern the two main components of the system, the optics and the cell, as well as their integration inside a complete module. The manufacturing cost of the entire system is estimated and compared to conventional Fresnel lens-type systems. This comparison accounts for actual cell temperatures under operating conditions, evaluated through thermal experiments.
Preliminary Visual Screening of Soil Samples for the Presumptive Presence of Histoplasma capsulatum (1980)

SUMMARYA filtration technique which permits one to detect visually tuberculate macroconidia in soil substrates in less than 2 h is described. Studies of guano-enriched soils indicate the method can be used in the preliminary screening of soil samples for the presence or absence of Histoplasma capsulatum, the visual evidence correlating well with positive and negative isolations of the fungus from tissues of soil-inoculated mice. Spores concentrated by filtration can also be used for isolating the fungus through mice. The isolation of H. capsulatum from a gull nesting site, after first identifying spores visually, is reported.
Phase equilibria in the system Al–Ga–As–Sn and electrical properties of Sn-doped liquid phase epitaxial Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As (1973)

Experimental and calculated phase data for the Al–Ga–As–Sn system are presented. A ``simple solution'' treatment adequately predicts the quaternary from data available from the bounding binary and ternary systems. The distribution coefficient for Al between the solid and liquid increases with increasing Sn concentration in the liquid. For constant Sn concentration in the growth solution, the net electron concentration in solution-grown AlxGa1−xAs decreases with increasing x, particularly near the direct-indirect crossover composition. This occurs primarily because of the deepening of the donor level from ∼ 6 meV in GaAs to at least 66 meV in the indirect gap composition region of AlxGa1−xAs.
Physiology and Pathophysiology of Proteinase-Activated Receptors (PARs): PARs in the Respiratory System: Cellular Signaling and Physiological/Pathological Roles (2005)

Proteinase-activated receptors (PARs), a family of G protein-coupled receptors, are widely distributed in the mammalian body, playing a variety of physiological/pathophysiological roles. In the respiratory systems, PARs, particularly PAR-2 and PAR-1, are expressed in the epithelial and smooth muscle cells. In addition to the G(q/11)-mediated activation of the phospholipase C beta pathway, epithelial PAR activation causes prompt and/or delayed prostanoid formation, leading to airway smooth muscle relaxation and/or modulation of an inflammatory process. PAR-2 present in the epithelium and smooth muscle is considered primarily pro-inflammatory in the respiratory system, although PAR-2 may also be anti-inflammatory under certain conditions. In the lung epithelial cells, PAR-2 can also be activated by exogenous proteinases including house dust mite allergens, in addition to various possible endogenous agonist proteinases. Clinical evidence also suggests possible involvement of PARs, particularly PAR-2, in respiratory diseases. PARs thus appear to play critical roles in the respiratory systems, and the agonists/antagonists for PARs may serve as the novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of certain respiratory diseases including asthma.
Evaluation method of user comprehensive influence based on analytic hierarchy process (2021)

Weibo users with high-impact play an important role in promoting information dissemination, network marketing, and even guiding the trend of public opinion, which is of great significance to the study of social applications. Because of concerning the timelines shortage and the problems of incomplete analysis of blog’s factors in measuring user influence, a user influence method, named User Comprehensive Influence Rank(UCIR), was proposed. The method defines the static influence of user according to user’s characteristics such as the number of fans, Weibo authentication, network centrality, etc, and the dynamic influence of blog based on blog’s characteristics such as the number of forwards, comments, praises and time factors. Firstly, it calculates the weight of user characteristics and blog characteristics through analytic hierarchy process and user static influence is calculated by adding the weight of each feature. Then blog dynamic influence is calculated by introducing the concept of half-life. Finally, the comprehensive influence of Weibo user is calculated by considering static influence of user and dynamic influence of blog. Compared with TwitterRank algorithms and PageRank algorithms, UCIR algorithm improves the precision and recall by 28.7%, 50.9% and 32.5%, 60.2% respectively, which proves the effectiveness of UCIR algorithm. This method can more accurately evaluate the real user influence under a specific topic.
Two-Stage Fault Diagnosis Method Based on the Extension Theory for PV Power Systems (2012)

In order to shorten the maintenance time and make sure of the photovoltaic (PV) power generation system steadily in operation, a fault diagnosis system for photovoltaic power generation system was proposed in this paper. First, a PSIM software is used to simulate a 2.2 kW PV system, it can take the operating date of the PV system under different sunlight intensity and temperature conditions. In this paper, a two-stage diagnosis system based on the extension theory for PV power systems is proposed; the proposed method is not only be able to troubleshoot the system fault but also the damaged module can also be located. The primary strategy is to utilize the diagnosis array of daylight identification and to use light scanning of the damage array at night. Via wireless network the data is transmitted back to the diagnosis system for identifying the location of damaged module. The time and energy of manually locating the fault module can be greatly saved. Finally, the methods as proposed in this paper have been compared with other existing methods, by which to verify its superiority and usability.
Characterization of plasma β‐secretase (BACE1) activity and soluble amyloid precursor proteins as potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease (2012)

Reduction in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) amyloid β42 (Aβ42) and elevation in total tau and phospho-thr181 tau consistently differentiate between Alzheimer's disease (AD) and age-matched control subjects. In contrast, CSF β-site APP-cleaving enzyme activity (BACE1) and soluble amyloid precursor proteins α and β (sAPPα and sAPPβ) are without consistent patterns in AD subjects. Plasma sampling is much easier, with fewer side effects, and is readily applied in primary care centers, so we have developed and validated novel plasma BACE activity, sAPPβ, and sAPPα assays and investigated their ability to distinguish AD from age-matched controls. Plasma BACE activity assay was sensitive and specific, with signal being immunodepleted with a specific BACE1 antibody and inhibited with a BACE1-specific inhibitor. Plasma sAPPβ and sAPPα assays were specific, with signal diluting linearly, immunodepleted with specific antibodies, and at background levels in APP knockout mice. In rhesus monkeys, BACE1 but not γ-secretase inhibitor led to significant lowering of plasma sAPPβ with concurrent elevation of plasma sAPPα. AD subjects showed a significant increase in plasma BACE1 activity, sAPPβ, sAPPα, and Aβ42 (P < 0.001) compared with age-matched controls. In conclusion, plasma BACE activity and sAPP endpoints provide novel investigative biomarkers for AD diagnosis and potential pharmacodynamic biomarkers for secretase inhibitor studies.
A General Method of Estimating the Relative Turbidity or Opacity of Fluid Suspensions including Bacterial Emulsions (1916)

Methods of estimating the turbidity or opacity of fluids have been employed by chemists for some years past. T. W. Richards [1895] was the first to describe an apparatus, the " nephelometer," designed for this purpose. Later P. A. Kober [1913] found it possible to estimate turbidity with a modified Duboscq colorimeter; and the same instrument has been employed in varying modifications by Marriott [1913], Folin and Dennis [1914], W. R. Dreyer and fluids in an investigation of the effects of light upon enzymes etc. They carried out their experiments in dwarf test- tubes, arranged in series to contain diminishing concentrations of the active substance in a constant volume of substrate, and they found that, when dealing with a turbid substrate, the extent of the reaction could be ascertained by reading the degree of clarification of the fluid. This procedure, although used for a quite different purpose, embodies the main features of the method described in this paper.
Biomaterial Design Strategies for the Treatment of Spinal Cord Injuries (2009)

The highly debilitating nature of spinal cord injuries has provided much inspiration for the design of novel biomaterials that can stimulate cellular regeneration and functional recovery. Many experts agree that the greatest hope for treatment of spinal cord injuries will involve a combinatorial approach that integrates biomaterial scaffolds, cell transplantation, and molecule delivery. This manuscript presents a comprehensive review of biomaterial-scaffold design strategies currently being applied to the development of nerve guidance channels and hydrogels that more effectively stimulate spinal cord tissue regeneration. To enhance the regenerative capacity of these two scaffold types, researchers are focusing on optimizing the mechanical properties, cell-adhesivity, biodegradability, electrical activity, and topography of synthetic and natural materials, and are developing mechanisms to use these scaffolds to deliver cells and biomolecules. Developing scaffolds that address several of these key design parameters will lead to more successful therapies for the regeneration of spinal cord tissue.
T cell receptor V gene usage of islet beta cell-reactive T cells is not restricted in non-obese diabetic mice. (1991)

Five islet-reactive T cell clones were established from islet-infiltrating T cells of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. All clones expressed CD4, but not CD8, and responded to islet cells from various strains of mice in the context of I-ANOD. They could induce insulitis when transferred into disease-resistant I-E+ transgenic NOD mice. The T cell receptor (TCR) sequences utilized by the clones were determined. Their usage of TCR V and J segments was not restricted but was rather diverse. One of the clones utilized V beta 16. The expression of V beta 16 was significantly reduced in I-E+ transgenic NOD, suggesting the possibility that the islet-reactive T cell clone expressing V beta 16 may be deleted or inactivated by I-E molecules. This clone might be one of the candidates that triggers insulitis.
[Effect of jianpi huoxue recipe on gut flora in rats with alcoholic fatty liver induced by Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet]. (2011)

JPHXR had good preventive effect against alcoholic fatty liver in rats, and could modify the structure of gut flora to some extent.