gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-sensitivity receiver for infrared laser communications (1972)

The design of a high-sensitivity wide-bandwidth 10.6-μm heterodyne receiver has been established for space and ground operational use, and key elements for a satellite-to-earth communications link were demonstrated. The receiver includes a cooled HgCdTe infrared mixer diode, a conical scanner for spatial tracking, an acquisition channel for spatial search and station alignment, and an automatic frequency-control channel to maintain a fixed laser frequency offset. The infrared mixer is designed to provide nearly quantum-noise-limited operation over an extended range of mixer temperature, bias voltage, and IF. The resultant experimental receiver has a measured noise equivalent power of less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-19</sup> W/Hz over the 15- to 40-MHz IF band for mixer temperatures from 85 to 115 K, and less than <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2 \times 10^{-19}</tex> W/Hz up to 140 K. Mixer 3-dB cutoff frequencies as high as 420 MHz were measured at a mixer temperature of 125 K. An analysis and engineering equations are given for receiver noise components, noise equivalent power, available mixer conversion gain, mixer transducer gain, and quantum-noise factor in terms of such factors as mixer parameters, quantum efficiency, mixer temperature, dynamic conductance, bias voltage, LO power, and IF amplifier characteristics.
The chemistry of phenolic resins (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVBook and Media Revie...Book and Media ReviewNEXTThe chemistry of phenolic resinsW. J. Burke Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1956, 33, 11, 597Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1956Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 November 1956Published inissue 1 November 1956https://doi.org/10.1021/ed033p597.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (894 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Financing african participation in the rhodesian economy (1975)

A RJE discussion paper on how blacks could meaningfully participate in the white controlled Rhodesian economy if lines of financial credit were extended to their business ventures by white controlled financial institutions.
Adjuvant Danger Signals Increase the Immune Response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (2002)

The immune response of swine to vaccination with a live, attenuated PRRSV was assessed in the presence and absence of cytokine adjuvants or cholera toxin (CT) to address the hypothesis that adjuvant danger signals, that is, inflammatory cytokines and bacterial extoxin, stimulate a more robust immune response. Animals received four injections of recombinant porcine IL-1 and IL-6, IL-12 alone, or CT alone within 1 week of intramuscular administration of a vaccine strain of PRRSV, Ingelvac MLV. Serological and cell-mediated responses were monitored for 42 days after vaccination and for a further 10 days after challenge with the virulent VR2332 strain of PRRSV. First, the principal observation was an enhancing effect of IL-12 on the interferon gamma response to PRRSV, with a more rapid and heightened PRRSV-specific interferon gamma ELISPOT response in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. The more rapid and robust development of a cell-mediated immune response, as determined by this assay, suggests that IL-12 may influence the induction of antigen-specific T cell responses. Second, animals that received CT adjuvant displayed a more robust antibody response to GP5, the major envelope glycoprotein. Anti-GP5 titers peaked at 21 days after vaccination at more than twice the level of any other treatment, for which the peak response was at 28 days. Third, there was no evidence of PRRSV immunosuppression of immunity to unrelated antigens, including circovirus. CT is a potent mucosal adjuvant, particularly for antibody responses. It acts in part through the production of IL-1 in macrophages, but its effect was not replaced by combination treatment with IL-1 and IL-6. In sum, the results suggest that cytokine adjuvants, particularly IL-12, and CT have the potential to enhance immune responses to live viral vaccines.
Statin therapy in the prevention and treatment of heart failure (2009)

Prolonged exposure to abused drugs such as opiates causes decreased response to the drug; this reduced sensitivity is thought to be due to the loss of receptors, or down-regulation. The molecular mechanism of the opiate receptor down-regulation is not known. In order to address this, we generated a number of mutants of the delta opiate receptor COOH-terminal tail. When expressed in the Chinese hamster ovary cells, both the wild type and the receptor with a deletion of 37 COOH-terminal residues bind diprenorphine with comparable affinities and show similar decreases in cAMP levels in response to D-Ala2, D-Leu5, enkephalin (DADLE). However, the truncated receptor does not show down-regulation from the cell surface upon prolonged exposure (2-48 h) to DADLE. In contrast, both the wild type receptor and the receptor with the deletion of only 15 COOH-terminal residues show substantial down-regulation upon long term DADLE treatment. These results suggest that the region located between 15 and 37 residues from the COOH terminus is involved in the receptor down-regulation. In order to identify residues that play a key role in down-regulation, point mutations of residues within this region were examined for their ability to modulate receptor down-regulation. The receptor with a mutation of Thr353 to Ala does not down-regulate, whereas the receptor with a mutation of Ser344 to Gly down-regulates with a time course similar to that of the wild type receptor. Taken together, these results suggest that the COOH-terminal tail is not essential for functional coupling but is necessary for down-regulation and that Thr353 is critical for the agonist-mediated down-regulation of the delta opiate receptor.
Special report on taxation and reimbursement. Recovering excess funds from a defined-benefit pension plan: don't forget the hidden costs! (1989)

In light of the pitfalls and hidden costs associated with recovering excess pension plan funds, providers may consider examining more conventional sources of raising capital before proceeding. In any event, the process should always be initiated by a careful cost-benefit analysis conducted by the employer, with the help of pension consultants and counsel.
Reduction of Viewing-Angle Dependent Color Shift in a Reflective Type Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Color Filter (2008)

The reflective type color filter for the liquid crystal displays (LCDs) was produced using cholesteric liquid crystal monomers whose phase is characterized by the unique optical features of selective reflection. Periodic micrometer scale hemi-spherical photoresist (PR) patterns were formed on glass substrates by thermal reflow method after photolithography. Cholesteric color filter films for red, green, and blue light reflections were then produced and the viewing angle dependence was investigated and compared with that of reflected light on the non-patterned substrates. Computer simulations using "LightTools" were also carried out, and it was confirmed that the color shifts were much smaller on the patterned substrates by bare eyes and Commission Internationale de'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordination analysis qualitatively.
Impaired startle prepulse inhibition and habituation in patients with schizotypal personality disorder (1993)

This pattern of changes in amplitude and latency of the startle response suggests that subjects with schizotypal personality disorder perceive the prepulse stimuli but still demonstrate deficient sensorimotor gating of amplitude. These findings support the importance of startle prepulse inhibition and startle habituation as biological markers for schizophrenia spectrum disorders.
Data Matrix Code &#x2014; A reliable optical identification of microelectronic components (2011)

In automatic manufacturing and assembling of printed circuit boards (PCB) one needs to reliably identify the microelectronic components. To achieve this, we propose a method for identification of electronic and microelectronic components by marking each component with a Data Matrix Code (DMC). Using this code, the checking system can recognize the position of each component and by decoding, it can extract information about the type and the manufacturing of the microelectronic component. Because of the very small sizes of the components, because of in general critical illumination conditions and because of the low reflexivity of the black plastic packages of the components, the image processing task of finding the code and extracting the information is much more challenging than in the case of standard DMC printed with black ink on white paper. To cope with this situation we propose a new robust method for Data Matrix Code identification.
Dykes (1929)

Dykes have been described as travelling, running or linear earthworks. All these terms express their essential character, that of a bank, usually of earth but occasionally of loose stone, extending for a considerable distance across country. The existence of a bank presupposes an adjacent ditch from which its material was derived, and the descriptive term Ditch is as common as Dyke in the nomenclature of linear earthworks. Both terms have indeed a common origin.
Error-corrected large-signal waveform measurement system combining network analyzer and sampling oscilloscope capabilities (1990)

A large-signal automatic stepped CW waveform measurement system for nonlinear device characterization is presented that combines the high accuracy of a vector network analyzer with the waveform measurement capabilities of a sampling oscilloscope. A large-signal error model and a corresponding coaxial calibration procedure are proposed to describe the systematic errors of the measurement setup. The error parameters and the correction algorithm are independent of the properties of the RF generator. System accuracy is investigated by Schottky diode verification measurements with different offsets from the reference plane. GaAs MESFET reflection and transmission response measurements with error correction extended to the planar device under test (DUT) reference planes are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic self-assembly of surfactant-like peptides A6K and A9K (2009)

Dynamic processes of molecular self-assembly from two surfactant-like peptides A6K and A9K have been investigated by combining AFM and TEM measurements with SANS measurements. Aggregated peptide stacks were formed during the first hour of solution preparation, followed by their assembly into short nanofibrillar segments in the subsequent few hours to 24 hour period. The alignment of short nanofibers into mature long ones then occurred, with final lengths extended to several microns but with diameters remaining fixed at 5–8 nm. Even after a week, gaps or joints still remained in the mature nanofibers, reminiscent of an imperfect self-healing under the experimental conditions. The final A6K nanofibers looked like strings of sausages. In contrast, A9K self-assembled into smaller nanorods with diameters of around 3–4 nm and lengths mostly within about 100 nm. The entire self-assembling process was completed within the first hour and there were few further morphological variations afterwards. The main feature of formation of A6K nanofibers and A9K nanorods was directly confirmed by SANS, evident from the diameters and lengths consistent with AFM and TEM. However, the SANS measurements were rather insensitive to the dynamic changes of nano-fibrillar lengths over the full length scale and were even less sensitive to possible changes in the proportion of peptide stacks to fibrillar fragments present. Thus, SANS turned out to be less effective for following the time dependent aggregation in these situations.
Global clock synchronization in sensor networks (2004)

Global synchronization is crucial to many sensor network applications that require precise mapping of the collected sensor data with the time of the events, for example in tracking and surveillance. It also plays an important role in energy conservation in MAC layer protocols. This paper discusses three methods to achieve global synchronization in a sensor network: a node-based approach, a hierarchical cluster-based method, and a fully localized diffusion-based method. We also give the synchronous and asynchronous implementations of the diffusion-based protocols.
Kinetic Quantitation of Cerebral PET-FDG Studies Without Concurrent Blood Sampling: Statistical Recovery of the Arterial Input Function (2009)

Kinetic quantitation of dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) studies via compartmental modeling usually requires the time-course of the radio-tracer concentration in the arterial blood as an arterial input function (AIF). For human and animal imaging applications, significant practical difficulties are associated with direct arterial sampling and as a result there is substantial interest in alternative methods that require no blood sampling at the time of the study. A fixed population template input function derived from prior experience with directly sampled arterial curves is one possibility. Image-based extraction, including requisite adjustment for spillover and recovery, is another approach. The present work considers a hybrid statistical approach based on a penalty formulation in which the information derived from a priori studies is combined in a Bayesian manner with information contained in the sampled image data in order to obtain an input function estimate. The absolute scaling of the input is achieved by an empirical calibration equation involving the injected dose together with the subject's weight, height and gender. The technique is illustrated in the context of (18)F -Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) PET studies in humans. A collection of 79 arterially sampled FDG blood curves are used as a basis for a priori characterization of input function variability, including scaling characteristics. Data from a series of 12 dynamic cerebral FDG PET studies in normal subjects are used to evaluate the performance of the penalty-based AIF estimation technique. The focus of evaluations is on quantitation of FDG kinetics over a set of 10 regional brain structures. As well as the new method, a fixed population template AIF and a direct AIF estimate based on segmentation are also considered. Kinetics analyses resulting from these three AIFs are compared with those resulting from radially sampled AIFs. The proposed penalty-based AIF extraction method is found to achieve significant improvements over the fixed template and the segmentation methods. As well as achieving acceptable kinetic parameter accuracy, the quality of fit of the region of interest (ROI) time-course data based on the extracted AIF, matches results based on arterially sampled AIFs. In comparison, significant deviation in the estimation of FDG flux and degradation in ROI data fit are found with the template and segmentation methods. The proposed AIF extraction method is recommended for practical use.
Semisynthetic Des-(B27-B30)-insulins with Modified B26-Tyrosine (1991)

Semisynthetic des-(B27-B30)-insulins containing modified B26-tyrosine residues were prepared to refine the understanding of the importance of position B26 with regard to biological and structural properties of the hormone. The following shortened insulin analogues were synthesized by trypsin-catalysed peptide-bond formation between the C-terminal amino acid ArgB22 of des-(B23-B30)-insulin and synthetic tetrapeptides as amino components: des-(B27-B30)-insulin, des-(B27-B30)-insulin-B26-methyl ester, -B26-carboxamide with varying C-terminal hydrophobicity of the B-chain, and [Tyr(NH2)B26]-, [Tyr(NO2)B26]-, [Tyr(I2)B26]-, [D-TyrB26]des-(B27-B30)-insulin-B26-carboxamide containing non-proteinogenic amino acids in position B26. Starting from insulin and an excess of synthetic Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-OMe as nucleophile, des-(B27-B30)-insulin-B26-methyl ester--the formal transpeptidation product at ArgB22--was formed in one step. Biological in vitro properties (binding to cultured human IM-9 lymphocytes, relative lipogenic potency in isolated rat adipocytes) of all semisynthetic analogues are reported, ranging from slightly decreased to two-fold receptor affinity and nearly three-fold biopotency relative to insulin. If the C-terminal tetrapeptide B27-B30 is removed, full relative insulin activity is still preserved, while the shortening results in the loss of ability to associate in solution. Only after carboxamidation or methyl esterification of TyrB26 the self-association typical of native insulin can be observed, and the CD-spectral effects in the near UV spectrum related to association and hexamerization of the native hormone are qualitatively reestablished. The results of this investigation underline the importance of position B26 to the modulation of hormonal properties and solution structure of the shortened insulins.
Efficient implementation of distributed routing algorithms for NoCs (2009)

Chip multiprocessors (CMPs) are gaining momentum in the high-performance computing domain. Networks-on-chip (NoCs) are key components of CMP architectures, in that they have to deal with the communication scalability challenge while meeting tight power, area and latency constraints. 2D mesh topologies are usually preferred by designers of general purpose NoCs. However, manufacturing faults may break their regularity. Moreover, resource management frameworks may require the segmentation of the network into irregular regions. Under these conditions, efficient routing becomes a challenge. Although the use of routing tables at switches is flexible, it does not scale in terms of latency and area due to its memory requirements. Logic-based distributed routing (LBDR) is proposed as a new routing method that removes the need for routing tables at all. LBDR enables the implementation of many routing algorithms on most of the practical topologies we may find in the near future in a multi-core system. From an initial topology and routing algorithm, a set of three bits per switch/output port is computed. Evaluation results show that, by using a small logic, LBDR mimics the performance of routing algorithms when implemented with routing tables, both in regular and irregular topologies. LBDR implementation in a real NoC switch is also explored, proving its smooth integration in the architecture and its negligible hardware and performance overhead.
Continuous connected word recognition using whole word templates (1983)

Machines that recognize isolated words from a small, predefined vocabulary have been commercially available for many years. The whole word pattern-matching principles used in these machines are described, and it is shown how these principles can be extended to deal with continuously spoken sequences of words. Details are given of the resulting connected word recognition algorithm which has several novel features and potentially useful extensions. The algorithm has already been implemented in real-time hardware, which will be used to explore the full potential and limitations of the method in many different applications.
1, 3, 4‐Thiadiazole‐2, 5‐dithiol as a Complexing Agent II. Complexes of Ni<sup>II</sup>, Rh<sup>I</sup>, Pd<sup>II</sup>, Pt<sup>II</sup>, Au<sup>III</sup>, and Cu<sup>II</sup> (1975)

Abstract Komplexe des Ni II , Rh I , Pd II , Pt II , Au III und Cu II mit 1, 3, 4‐Thiadiazol‐2, 5‐dithiol wurden dargestellt. Auf Grund analytischer, magnetischer und spektraler Daten werden Strukturen vorgeschlagen. Kristallfeld‐Parameter wurden in Übereinstimmung mit den vorgeschlagenen Strukturen berechnet.
Dynamically Discovering Program Invariants Involving Collections (2000)

Explicitly stated program invariants can help programmers by characterizing aspects of program execution and identifying program properties that must be preserved when modifying code; invariants can also be of assistance to automated tools. Unfortunately, these invariants are usually absent from code. Previous work showed how to dynamically detect invariants by looking for patterns in and relationships among variable values captured in program traces. A prototype implementation, Daikon, recovered invariants from formallyspecified programs, and the invariants it detected assisted programmers in a software evolution task. However, it was limited to finding invariants over scalars and arrays. This paper presents two techniques that enable discovery of invariants over richer data structures, in particular collections of data represented by recursive data structures, by indirect links through tables, etc. The first technique is to traverse these collections and record them as arrays in the program traces; then the basic Daikon invariant detector can infer invariants over these new trace elements. The second technique enables discovery of conditional invariants, which are necessary for reporting invariants over recursive data structures and are also useful in their own right. These techniques permit detection of invariants such as “p.value&gt; limit or p.left ∈ mytree”, The techniques are validated by successful application to two sets of programs: simple textbook data structures and student solutions to a weighted digraph problem. 1
Leprosy in Northern India (1982)

The medical staff of Agra center of JALMA were co-working at the under-tree clinic of Mathura and Agra city hospital for leprosy patients. I examined the deformity of the patients at these sites in 1969 and concluded a relation between aging or progress of deformity and the mode of living of the patients.Eighty and 35 patients were examined at Mathura clinic and Agra city hospital respectively. At Mathura clinic, male-female rate was 2.3:1 and about 40% were lepromatous cases. Patients over 50 years old were 37.5%. The deformity of fingers was observed at 70% of male and 55% of female patients. The deformity rate was much higher than in Ghatampur and Etawah clinics.At Agra city hospital, all patients were male and 60% of them were lepromatous leprosy. Patients over 50 years old were 74.3% and the rate was higher than in Mathura clinic. The deformity of fingers was observed at over 80% of the patients.For the admitted patients, the meal and admission charge were free. For the patients of Mathura clinic, some meals were distributed from time to time, but the patients lived on begging usually. It will be a general conception that the patients with high graded deformity are admitted in a hospital and comparatively young patients with lower graded deformity are living on begging in particular places as Mathura. This will show that there is a relation between aging or progress of the deformity and the mode of living. When patients are getting aged and high graded deformity, they must be cared completely.