gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel LBP fuzzy feature extraction method for face recognition (2013)

This paper presents theoretically simple, yet computationally efficient approach for face recognition. In this approach the face image is divided into several sub-regions from which the information derived using the Local Binary Pattern (LBP) over a window and the information at the central pixel, which is a product of information source and fuzzy membership value. The LBP features possess the texture discriminative property with low computational cost. By taking the information from both LBP and the central pixel, the shortcoming of LBP is removed. The proposed approach fares well over PCA and LDA when implemented using SVM and KNN as the classifiers on ORL database and CSIST database.
Identification, characterization, and sequence analysis of a cDNA encoding a phosphoprotein of human herpesvirus 6 (1991)

Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6)-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) 9A5D12 reacted with the nucleus of HHV-6 strain GS-infected cells and immunoprecipitated a phosphorylated polypeptide with an approximate size of 41 kDa, designated HHV-6 P41. A 110-kDa polypeptide was also immunoprecipitated by the MAb. These polypeptides were synthesized early in infection, and the synthesis was greatly reduced by phosphonoacetic acid. Polypeptides with identical sizes were recognized by the MAb from cells infected with an additional eight HHV-6 strains. A 2.1-kb cDNA insert was identified from an HHV-6(GS) cDNA library constructed in the lambda gt11 expression system by using MAb 9A5D12. This cDNA insert hybridized specifically with viral DNA from HHV-6 strains GS and Z-29 and with two predominant transcripts with approximate sizes of 2.5 and 1.2 kb from infected cells. The reactivity of the MAb with a fusion protein expressed in the prokaryotic vector suggested that the cDNA encodes a 62- to 66-kDa protein. Analysis of the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA insert revealed a 623-amino-acid-residue single open reading frame of 1,871 nucleotides, with an open 5' end. The predicted polypeptide is highly basic and contains a long stretch of highly hydrophobic residues localized to the carboxy terminus. The amino-terminal half of the predicted HHV-6 protein from the cDNA shows significant homology with the UL44 gene product of human cytomegalovirus, coding for the ICP36 family of early-late-class phosphoproteins. Two TATA boxes are located at nucleotide positions 668 and 722 of the cDNA. In vitro translation of RNA transcribed in vitro from the cDNA resulted in the synthesis of a 41-kDa polypeptide only. This polypeptide was readily immunoprecipitated by MAb 9A5D12, and its partial peptide map was identical to that of the 41-kDa polypeptide detected in infected cells. Together, these results indicate that the HHV-6 P41 is encoded within a gene coding for a larger protein.
In vitro proliferation of haemopoietic cells in the presence of adherent cell layers. II. Differential effect of adherent cell layers derived from various organs. (1979)

Mouse bone marrow-derived adherent cell populations promoted proliferation of haemopoietic cells in vitro in a liquid culture system for at least 4 weeks. Adherent cell layers derived from other haemopoietic organs (foetal liver, adult spleen) and fibroblasts from embryonic tissues did not maintain haemopoietic cells in this system. Medium, conditioned by adherent cells derived from foetal liver, spleen and embryonic tissues displayed a considerable colony stimulating activity (CSA). Marrow-derived adherent cells produced no detectable CSA. A possible relationship between the in vitro expression of a growth-promoting activity of an adherent cell population on haemopoietic cells, and its endogenous CSA production, is discussed.
Seat support surface optimization using force feedback (1993)

The development, implementation and evaluation of an algorithm designed to find optimal seat support surfaces is presented. The algorithm has been developed and implemented on an active contour measurement device. The device consists of an array of positioning elements equipped with force sensors for feedback. With a patient seated on the array, the algorithm is designed to find a seat contour that optimally satisfies given performance criteria. The performance criteria are based on measured stiffness of the soft tissues. A theoretical development of the algorithm is presented along with the modifications made to the algorithm during implementation. The results from several tests using man-made test bodies and a prototype contour gage are presented to verify the algorithm's performance.
Specification of the Cardiac Conduction System by Transcription Factors (2009)

Diseases of the cardiovascular system that cause sudden cardiac deaths are often caused by lethal arrhythmias that originate from defects in the cardiac conduction system. Development of the cardiac conduction system is a complex biological process that can be wrought with problems. Although several genes involved in mature conduction system function have been identified, their association with development of specific subcomponents of the cardiac conduction system remains challenging. Several transcription factors, including homeodomain proteins and T-box proteins, are essential for cardiac conduction system morphogenesis and activation or repression of key regulatory genes. In addition, several transcription factors modify expression of genes encoding the ion channel proteins that contribute to the electrophysiological properties of the conduction system and govern contraction of the surrounding myocardium. Loss of transcriptional regulation during cardiac development has detrimental effects on cardiogenesis that may lead to arrhythmias. Human genetic mutations in some of these transcription factors have been identified and are known to cause congenital heart diseases that include cardiac conduction system malformations. In this review, we summarize the contributions of several key transcription factors to specification, patterning, maturation, and function of the cardiac conduction system. Further analysis of the molecular programs involved in this process should lead to improved diagnosis and therapy of conduction system disease.
Macrocyclization of Peptide Side Chains by the Ugi Reaction: Achieving Peptide Folding and Exocyclic <i>N</i>-Functionalization in One Shot (2015)

The cyclization of peptide side chains has been traditionally used to either induce or stabilize secondary structures (β-strands, helices, reverse turns) in short peptide sequences. So far, classic peptide coupling, nucleophilic substitution, olefin metathesis, and click reactions have been the methods of choice to fold synthetic peptides by means of macrocyclization. This article describes the utilization of the Ugi reaction for the side chain-to-side chain and side chain-to-termini macrocyclization of peptides, thus enabling not only access to stable folded structures but also the incorporation of exocyclic functionalities as N-substituents. Analysis of the NMR-derived structures revealed the formation of helical turns, β-bulges, and α-turns in cyclic peptides cross-linked at i, i + 3 and i, i + 4 positions, proving the folding effect of the multicomponent Ugi macrocyclization. Molecular dynamics simulation provided further insights on the stability and molecular motion of the side chain cross-linked peptides.
Cascaded active regions in 2.4μm GaInAsSb light-emitting diodes for improved current efficiency (2006)

By cascading multiple GaInAsSb active regions, the authors have fabricated 2.4μm light-emitting diodes that, for a given light output, operate at reduced current and higher voltage, which can be advantageous for battery-powered sensor applications. Tunnel heterojunctions separating emission regions add no measurable series resistance. Devices are demonstrated at room temperature with continuous wave output.
CLS Bank v. Alice Corp.: What Does It Mean For Software Patent Eligibility?, 13 J. Marshall Rev. Intell. Prop. L. 601 (2014) (2014)

For more than forty years, patent attorneys, software engineers, examiners, and judges have debated the patent eligibility of software. For most of the 1980s and 90s, the USPTO has viewed software as generally patent-eligible subject matter. Starting with the State Street v. Signature Financial case in 1998, courts have examined subject matter patent eligibility with greater scrutiny. This comment reviews six recent software patent eligibility cases, of which the court upheld software’s eligibility twice and rejected its eligibility four other times. In particular, the CLS Bank v. Alice Corp. case serves as a basis for examining several approaches to the topic. This comment proposes a standard which deems software patent subject matter eligible when an alternate dedicated hardware expression of the invention exists. The proposal also gleans the lessons of the recent cases to avoid potential pitfalls. This standard provides clarity and allows all interested parties to know upfront a software invention’s subject matter patent eligibility.
Phenoxyacetic acid degradation by the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (TFD) pathway of plasmid pJP4: mapping and characterization of the TFD regulatory gene, tfdR (1989)

Plasmid pJP4 enables Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134 to degrade 3-chlorobenzoate and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (TFD). Plasmid pRO101 is a derivative of pJP4 obtained by insertion of Tn1721 into a nonessential region of pJP4. Plasmid pRO101 was transferred by conjugation to several Pseudomonas strains and to A. eutrophus AEO106, a cured isolate of JMP134. AEO106(pRO101) and some Pseudomonas transconjugants grew on TFD. Transconjugants with a chromosomally encoded phenol hydroxylase also degraded phenoxyacetic acid (PAA) in the presence of an inducer of the TFD pathway, namely, TFD or 3-chlorobenzoate. A mutant of one such phenol-degrading strain, Pseudomonas putida PPO300(pRO101), grew on PAA as the sole carbon source in the absence of inducer. This isolate carried a mutant plasmid, designated pRO103, derived from pRO101 through the deletion of a 3.9-kilobase DNA fragment. Plasmid pRO103 constitutively expressed the TFD pathway, and this allowed the metabolism of PAA in the absence of the inducer, TFD. Complementation of pRO103 in trans by a DNA fragment corresponding to the fragment deleted in pRO101 indicates that a negative control-regulatory gene (tfdR) is located on the BamHI E fragment of pRO101. Other subcloning experiments resulted in the cloning of the tfdA monooxygenase gene on a 3.5-kilobase fragment derived from pRO101. This subclone, in the absence of other pRO101 DNA, constitutively expressed the tfdA gene and allowed PPO300 to grow on PAA. Preliminary evidence suggests that the monooxygenase activity encoded by this DNA fragment is feedback-inhibited by phenols.
Der Schlüssel zum Schloß II. Hansch‐Analyse, 3D‐QSAR und<i>De novo</i>‐Design (1994)

Abstract Die Auffindung neuer Leitstrukturen und ihre gezielte Optimierung sind mehr denn je Kriterien für eine erfolgreiche Arzneimittelforschung. Computergestützte Methoden, wie Hansch‐Analyse, 3D‐QSAR und De novo ‐Design leisten dazu einen wichtigen Beitrag.
Protection devices for aircraft electrical power distribution systems: a survey (2008)

The development of All Electric Aircraft has provided new opportunities in the area of electronic devices and power electronics. One of the most interesting fields is related to the protection devices area and the loads management by means of the Solid State Power Controllers (SSPC). This is mainly due to the noticeable increase of these devices in the architectures of electrical power distribution system used in the new airplanes such as A380 and B787. This paper presents a survey of conventional and future trends of protections in on-board platforms. In addition, a virtual test bench is developed in order to analyze the potential problems that could appear by using SSPC Technology in the new onboard platforms.
Water mediated tube in tetrapeptide cyclo(Phe-Pro-Leu-Aha) trihydrate and crystal structure of cyclo(d-Phe-Pro-Leu-Aha) anhydrate (2007)

Water molecules connect 6.5 × 4.5 Å diameter rings in the X-ray crystal structure of 16-member tetrapeptide cyclo(Phe-Pro-Leu-Aha) (1) trihydrate. However, stereoisomer cyclo(D-Phe-Pro-Leu-Aha) (2) crystallized in anhydrate form. Structural differences in L- to D-amino acid exchanged cyclic peptides are analyzed.
Tris[6-(dimethylamino)-1-azulenyl]methyl Hexafluorophosphate. Extremely Stable Methyl Cation with the Highest p<i>K</i><sub>R</sub><sup>+</sup> Value (1999)

Extremely stable carbocations, tris[6-(dimethylamino)- and 6-morpholino-1-azulenyl]methyl (2e and 2f), bis[6-(dimethylamino)-1-azulenyl][4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl (3e), and [6-(dimethylamino)-1-azulenyl]bis[4-(dimethylamino)phenyl]methyl (4e) cations, were prepared, and their properties were fully characterized. These cations showed extremely high stabilities with high pKR+ values. The values of 2e and 3e were determined spectrophotometrically in DMSO/water as 24.3 ± 0.3 and 21.5 ± 0.2, respectively, which are higher than those of tri(1-azulenyl)methyl and di(1-azulenyl)phenylmethyl cations (2a and 3a) by 13.0 and 11.0 pK units. The value of 4e was determined to be 14.0 ± 0.1 in 50% aqueous acetonitrile and 14.3 ± 0.2 in DMSO/water, which is higher than that of (1-azulenyl)diphenylmethyl cation (4a) by 11.0−11.3 pK units. The extreme stability of these methyl cations is attributable to the dipolar structure of the azulene rings, in addition to the contribution of the mesomeric effect of three dimethylamino groups. The electrochemical reduction of 2e, 3e, and 4e showed a wave at −1.26, −1.22, and −1.14 V (V vs Ag/Ag+), respectively, upon cyclic voltammetry (CV). The relatively high reduction potentials, compared with those of unsubstituted parent 1-azulenylmethyl cations (2a, −0.78; 3a, −0.66; and 4a, −0.48 V), also exhibited the electrochemical stabilization of these methyl cations by the dimethylamino substituents. The oxidation of 2e, 3e, and 4e exhibited an irreversible, barely separated two-step, one-electron oxidation wave to generate a trication species at a potential range of 0.50−0.75 V upon CV.
Glucose oxidation in a dual hollow fiber bioreactor with a silicone tube oxygenator (1987)

A dual hollow fiber bioreactor, consisting of an outer silicone membrane for oxygen supply and an inner polyamide membrane for substrate permeation, was used as an immobilized enzyme reactor to carry out enzymatic glucose oxidation. Attaching a silicone tube oxygenator to provide an additional oxygen supply improved the conversion in glucose oxidation when the oxygen supply was rate-limiting. The reactor was operated in both diffusion and ultrafiltration modes. In the latter case, the conversion was much higher, but the stability of the immobilized enzyme was better maintained in the diffusion mode. As the inlet glucose concentration increased from 10mM to 500mM, the conversion decreased from 70 to 20%.
<title>Highly dispersive optical signal processing</title> (1994)

A microwave variable delay line has been demonstrated based on the dispersive properties of optical fibers. This processor offers high bandwidth and tunability with the stability that fiber optics offers. A two-tap processor has been demonstrated with a 1.3 ns spacing.
Giant magneto-thermal conductivity in magnetic multilayers (2012)

In this paper, we present an experimental study on magneto-thermal effect in magnetic multilayers. A novel measurement technique has been developed and employed to obtain accurate measurements of magneto-thermal conductance and correlations with magnetoresistance in Co/Cu magnetic multilayers. The measurement technique involves a suspending patterned magnetic film strip using lithography technique to create an ideal one-dimension heat flow. <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$3\omega$</tex></formula> method has been employed along with additional developed techniques to obtain accurate magneto-thermal conductivity measurements. It is found that the magneto-thermal conductance correlates well with the magneto-electric conductance under the application of magnetic field, however, with significant greater percentage change.
Using user perception to determine suitable error thresholds for dead reckoning in distributed interactive applications (2006)

Entity state update mechanisms are readily employed in distributed interactive applications (DIAs), particularly in networked games. These mechanisms use prediction techniques in order to reduce the number of update packets sent across the network, while maintaining a high level of consistency from the remote user's point of view. These mechanisms only send update packets when the local user's actual behaviour differs from the predictive behaviour by a certain value, often referred to as the error threshold. In practice, this value is arbitrarily chosen and typically reflects what 'appears' to be suitable. It has been illustrated in various other media that psycho-perceptual measures can be used to greatly improve compression techniques, while maintaining satisfactory end-user experience. The best example of this is the MP3 compression used in audio. This paper describes a preliminary study designed to collect information relating to a subject's perception of a networked computer game. The main motivation behind this work is to investigate if psycho-perceptual measures can be used to obtain appropriate error threshold measures for entity state prediction mechanisms. We employ dead reckoning as it is the simplest and most commonly used of these mechanisms in distributed gaming. The experiment outlined in this paper attempts to determine if an error threshold can be chosen from the users' perception, where user feedback is determined via linguistic variables. Furthermore, the effects of convergence, the speed of the entity and the shape of the entity trajectory are also examined from a psycho-perceptual viewpoint. The results are presented within.
Thermal conductivity of graphene and graphene oxide nanoplatelets (2012)

The superior thermal transport in graphene has been a topic of great interest to the scientific community, for graphene is envisioned to be important in numerous applications such as thermal management of electronics. While single layer graphene exhibits high thermal conductivity, molecular and lattice dynamics simulations reveal that even in the presence of one or few additional layers, thermal conductivity can be significantly reduced. In fact, with increasing number of layers, thermal conductivity is expected to eventually approach the value of bulk graphite. The interlayer spacing is also known to have a significant influence on thermal conductivity, for it is the combination of the number of layers and the spacing between them that truly is responsible for the thermal conductivity of a multi-layer graphene platelet. Here, we report the experimentally obtained thermal conductivities for nanoplatelets of graphene oxide and reduced graphene exfoliated to differing degrees. Results show that the thermal conductivity measured for reduced graphene platelets with ~ 30 to 45 layers approaches the value of bulk graphite. The thermal conductivity of oxygen intercalated graphene nanoplatelets with ~ 3 layers and 7% oxygen is higher than bulk graphite with similar interlayer spacing. Despite the increased interlayer spacing and presence of the oxygen atoms, which typically enhances phonon scattering, the high value of thermal conductivity can be attributed to the increase in the interlayer coupling due to covalent interactions provided by the oxygen atoms.
Automatic vehicle image extraction based on spatio-temporal image analysis (2003)

Presents a robust method for extracting images of laterally moving vehicles from ITV image sequences. The information of occlusion, velocity and length of the vehicle is first extracted from the spatio-temporal image, and the background image is updated periodically. Overlapping images of other vehicles are then removed from each scene and a subtraction image sequence is superimposed. The new method has the following characteristics: (1) one can separate and extract images of two crossing vehicles from a sequence of images. (2) the complete image of a large or complex vehicle can be successfully extracted under typical daylight variations. In order to test the applicability of the extracted images, the authors classify passenger car types. Experiments with real data confirm the effectiveness of the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cholesterol Synthesis Inhibitor U18666A and the Role of Sterol Metabolism and Trafficking in Numerous Pathophysiological Processes (2009)

The multiple actions of U18666A have enabled major discoveries in lipid research and contributed to understanding the pathophysiology of multiple diseases. This review describes these advances and the utility of U18666A as a tool in lipid research. Harry Rudney's recognition that U18666A inhibited oxidosqualene cyclase led him to discover a pathway for formation of polar sterols that he proved to be important regulators of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase. Laura Liscum's recognition that U18666A inhibited the egress of cholesterol from late endosomes and lysosomes led to greatly improved perspective on the major pathways of intracellular cholesterol trafficking. The inhibition of cholesterol trafficking by U18666A mimicked the loss of functional Niemann-Pick type C protein responsible for NPC disease and thus provided a model for this disorder. U18666A subsequently became a tool for assessing the importance of molecular trafficking through the lysosomal pathway in other conditions such as atherosclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and prion infections. U18666A also provided animal models for two important disorders: petite mal (absence) epilepsy and cataracts. This was the first chronic model of absence epilepsy. U18666A is also being used to address the role of oxidative stress in apoptosis. How can one molecule have so many effects? Perhaps because of its structure as an amphipathic cationic amine it can interact and inhibit diverse proteins. Restricting the availability of cholesterol for membrane formation through inhibition of cholesterol synthesis and intracellular trafficking could also be a mechanism for broadly affecting many processes. Another possibility is that through intercalation into membrane U18666A can alter membrane order and therefore the function of resident proteins. The similarity of the effects of natural and enantiomeric U18666A on cells and the capacity of intercalated U18666A to increase membrane order are arguments in favor of this possibility.
Nanoimprint of Glass Materials with Glassy Carbon Molds Fabricated by Focused-Ion-Beam Etching (2005)

Micro/nano-imprinting or hot embossing is a target of interest for the industrial production of microdevices. In fluidic micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) applications, polymer materials have been employed for their low cost in the fabrication of economical products. However, glasses are much more suitable for higher-temperature applications or use in reactive chemical environments. In optical MEMS as well, glasses are good candidate materials for enhanced optical properties. In this study, micro/nano-imprinting was employed for Pyrex glass and quartz glass molding, and test structures were successfully fabricated with good fidelity for a 10×10×7 µm microstructure and a 0.3 µm line-and-space pattern with a depth of 0.4 µm.