gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ranking and Unranking of Non-regular Trees in Gray-Code Order (2013)

A non-regular tree T with a prescribed branching sequence (s1,s2,...,sn) is a rooted and ordered tree such that its internal nodes are numbered from 1 to n in preorder and every internal node i in T has si children. Recently, Wu et al. (2010) introduced a concise representation called RD-sequences to represent all non-regular trees and proposed a loopless algorithm for generating all non-regular trees in a Gray-code order. In this paper, based on such a Gray-code order, we present efficient ranking and unranking algorithms of non-regular trees with n internal nodes. Moreover, we show that the ranking algorithm and the unranking algorithm can be run in O(n2) time and O(n2+nSn-1) time, respectively, provided a preprocessing takes O(n2Sn-1) time and space in advance, where $S_{n-1}=\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}(s_i-1)$.
Posterior Probability Support Vector Machines for Unbalanced Data (2005)

This paper proposes a complete framework of posterior probability support vector machines (PPSVMs) for weighted training samples using modified concepts of risks, linear separability, margin, and optimal hyperplane. Within this framework, a new optimization problem for unbalanced classification problems is formulated and a new concept of support vectors established. Furthermore, a soft PPSVM with an interpretable parameter v is obtained which is similar to the v-SVM developed by Schölkopf et al., and an empirical method for determining the posterior probability is proposed as a new approach to determine v. The main advantage of an PPSVM classifier lies in that fact that it is closer to the Bayes optimal without knowing the distributions. To validate the proposed method, two synthetic classification examples are used to illustrate the logical correctness of PPSVMs and their relationship to regular SVMs and Bayesian methods. Several other classification experiments are conducted to demonstrate that the performance of PPSVMs is better than regular SVMs in some cases. Compared with fuzzy support vector machines (FSVMs), the proposed PPSVM is a natural and an analytical extension of regular SVMs based on the statistical learning theory.
Steno (2012)

Declarative queries enable programmers to write data manipulation code without being aware of the underlying data structure implementation. By increasing the level of abstraction over imperative code, they improve program readability and, crucially, create opportunities for automatic parallelization and optimization. For example, the Language Integrated Query (LINQ) extensions to C# allow the same declarative query to process in-memory collections, and datasets that are distributed across a compute cluster. However, our experiments show that the serial performance of declarative code is several times slower than the equivalent hand-optimized code, because it is implemented using run-time abstractions---such as iterators---that incur overhead due to virtual function calls and superfluous instructions.
Multiplexing of fiber-optic ultrasound sensors via swept frequency interferometry (2015)

The use of fiber-optic sensors for ultrasound (US) detection has many advantages over conventional piezoelectric detectors. However, the issue of multiplexing remains a major challenge. Here, a novel approach for multiplexing fiber-optic based US sensors using swept frequency interferometry is introduced. Light from a coherent swept source propagates in an all-fiber interferometric network made of a reference arm and a parallel connection of N sensing arms. Each sensing arm comprises a short polyimide coated sensing section (~4cm), which is exposed to the US excitation, preceded by a delay of different length. When the instantaneous frequency of the laser is linearly swept, the receiver output contains N harmonic beat components which correspond to the various optical paths. Exposing the sensing sections to US excitation introduces phase modulation of the harmonic components. The US-induced signals can be separated in the frequency domain and be extracted from their carriers by common demodulation techniques. The method was demonstrated by multiplexing 4 sensing fibers and detecting microsecond US pulses which were generated by a 2.25MHz ultrasound transducer. The pulses were successfully measured by all sensing fibers without noticeable cross-talk.
Topical treatment of actinic keratoses with 3·0% diclofenac in 2·5% hyaluronan gel (2002)

Treatment with 3.0% diclofenac in 2.5% hyaluronan gel was effective when used for 60 days and was well tolerated in patients with AK.
Reactions in the Na2 O  ‐ NaCl System (1977)

The behavior of melts at 830°C has been studied by three techniques: (i) potentiometric studies, using oxide ion specific zirconia electrodes in the reversible galvanic cell
A WDM-PON with a 40 Gb/s (32 × 125 Gb/s) capacity based on wavelength-locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes (2008)

We investigate a high capacity WDM-PON based on wavelength locked Fabry-Perot laser diodes. An error-free transmission of 1.25 Gb/s per subscriber was achieved with a flat-top passband AWG and a laser diode with low reflectivity. Then, we demonstrate a WDM-PON of 40-Gb/s capacity of 32 channels over 15 km of single mode fiber. It also shows that color-free operation within conventional C-band wavelength. The observed dispersion penalty after 30 km transmission was 0.5 dB. The demonstrated WDM-PON shows a robust transmission performance on the optical back reflection.
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) for the assessment of existing structures (2013)

<p>Conventional inspections of structures are mainly based on visual investigation methods. Large structures such as bridges, chimneys, towers, dams, industrial power plants or historical buildings and monuments structural are often hard to access for a detailed inspection. In most cases inspections of structures are technically complex. The inspection of critical structural members and components which are hard to reach is mostly done with special equipment such as large underbridge units and elevating platforms and social personnel like industrial climbers. </p><p>The rapid technical development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in the last years suggests the use of UAVs in inspection and monitoring of structures, which can make a contribution to its improvement of quality and efficiency. This paper discusses the application of remotely controlled UAVs, equipped with high definition photo and video cameras for visual inspection of structures. The usability of this non-destructive method of damage detection is shown in two practical examples.</p>
Automatic transformation from graphical process models to executable code (2010)

Model-driven engineering envisions a paradigm shift from block-oriented, textual descriptions of behavior to graph-oriented, visual descriptions similar in significance to the paradigm shift from low-level assembler languages to high-level programming languages.One challenging question in this area is how to transform a behavioral model of a system from a graph-oriented language (e.g., UML Activity Diagrams or BPMN) into a block-oriented language (e.g., BPEL) or vice versa.Part of this problem is the transformation from unstructured (usually visual) process models to structured (executable) program code to which this paper proposes a solution that can handle all sound sequential, parallel and mixed regions.It has been implemented as an extension of the IBM WebSphere Business Modeler and applied to many business processes including dozens from the IBM reference model for insurance companies called Insurance Application Architecture.
TNF‐derived TIP peptide ameliorates High Glucose (HG)‐induced Arginase (ARG) mediated Endothelial Dysfunction (ED) via inhibiting PKC‐α activation (2010)

During diabetes, elevated ARG activity causes ED by competing with NO synthase (eNOS) for their common substrate L‐arginine. HG levels activate protein kinase C (PKC)‐α, implicated in impaired endothelial vasorelaxation and hyperpermeability. PKC‐α activates NADPH oxidase (NOX)‐dependent ROS generation and the small GTPase RhoA, upstream to ARG activation. We hypothesize that during diabetes, HG‐induced PKC‐α activation causes reduced NO production and endothelial hyperpermeability via NOX‐RhoA dependent ARG activation, which is prevented using TIP peptide. Indeed, our results show that TIP peptide (50 μg/mL) inhibits HG (30 mM)‐induced PKC‐α activity (7 fold vs ctrl‐5mM glucose, 30 min), ROS generation (160% of ctrl) and p115 Rho GEF membrane translocation (2h) in aortic endothelial cells (AEC). Moreover, HG‐induced ARG activation (24h), impaired NO production (55% of ctrl) and endothelial hyperpermeability, were also prevented by TIP peptide. ARG inhibitor BEC (100 μM) also preserved endothelial barrier function in HG‐treated AEC, indicating a central role for ARG in ED. Compared to conventional PKC‐α inhibitors, TIP peptide does not demonstrate any cytotoxicity in AEC after 24h treatment. In conclusion, these results indicate that substances able to blunt HG‐induced PKC‐α activation, such as TIP peptide, might be useful in treating diabetes‐associated ED. (Supported in part by NHLBI 70215).
Vision-Language Fusion for Object Recognition (2017)

While recent advances in computer vision have caused object recognition rates to spike, there is still much room for improvement. In this paper, we develop an algorithm to improve object recognition by integrating human-generated contextual information with vision algorithms. Specifically, we examine how interactive systems such as robots can utilize two types of context information--verbal descriptions of an environment and human-labeled datasets. We propose a re-ranking schema, MultiRank, for object recognition that can efficiently combine such information with the computer vision results. In our experiments, we achieve up to 9.4% and 16.6% accuracy improvements using the oracle and the detected bounding boxes, respectively, over the vision-only recognizers. We conclude that our algorithm has the ability to make a significant impact on object recognition in robotics and beyond.
On the Effects of Calibration Errors and Mutual Coupling on the Beam Pattern of an Antenna Array (2013)

The beam pattern of an antenna array is one of the most important characteristics of classical phased arrays and of more modern smart antenna, digital beamforming and multiple-input multiple-output array systems. Most approaches to designing such systems are based on an ideal mathematical model, which leads to an ideal beam pattern. However calibration errors and mutual coupling are real-world effects that often deteriorate the beam pattern and thus the array performance. In this paper we present worst-case boundaries and a statistical analysis of the beam pattern deviation for linear, angle-independent calibration error and mutual coupling models. We provide general results as well as specialized results for calibration errors and coupling between adjacent channels of linear arrays. The results provide an understanding of the influence of different array design parameters. They are also meant as tools for specifying tolerance and channel coupling requirements as well as for the analysis of the probabilities to achieve a beam pattern within certain boundaries.
Health Impact of Community-Based Water Treatment Systems in Honduras (2011)

This paper provides a followup on a previous report in this journal on the health impact of providing access to water treatment and flush toilets to region of Honduras. Significant reductions were found in the one-year incidence of positive test results for the three protozoan species tested. This finding combined with the previously reported ethnographic and medical chart review data provides compelling evidence that such interventions significantly reduce the disease load from waterborne pathogens within this population. Furthermore, the finding that initial results are significantly different, even in the initial round of testing, if individuals who are not followed up are eliminated from the analysis has profound methodological implications which warrant further investigation and demonstrates the need for precise definitions of community in future studies.
Standardization or tailorization of veterinary vaccines: a conscious endeavour against infectious disease of animals. (2006)

Protecting animals from infection is a major obligation of every veterinarian's work in order to preserve animal welfare while assuring human health. Highly infectious animal diseases can reduce the performances of food producing animals and may have a great economical impact on many industries. Some animal diseases can be transmitted to humans, and control of these types of diseases, is beneficial to public health. In the wild, animal populations reduced by disease can dramatically affect the ecological balance of an area. Vaccination is one part of an effective health program as it helps to prevent disease and, in most cases, is more cost-effective than treating sick animals. Veterinarians have succeeded in greatly reducing the incidence of important diseases by taking advantage from improved technologies in vaccines production and by planning vaccination schedules based on the different characteristics of available products. Today, veterinarians can recommend and plan to use vaccines designed for a specific herd or flock or class of animals and even for individual treatments.
Bit Reliability-driven Template Matching in Iris Recognition (2010)

Of all the biometric applications available today, it is generally conceded that iris recognition is one of the most accurate. In the past several years a huge amount of iris recognition algorithms have been proposed. However, the vast majority of proposed algorithms restrict to extracting distinct features out of preprocessed iris textures to generate discriminative binary iris-codes, neglecting potential improvements in matching procedures. In this work we present a new technique for matching binary iris-codes. Information of authentication procedures is leveraged by maintaining so-called reliability masks for each user, which indicate local consistency of enrollment templates. Based on user-specific reliability masks a weighted matching procedure is performed in order to improve recognition performance. We apply the proposed matching procedure to different iris recognition algorithms and compare obtained recognition rates to other matching techniques. Experimental results confirm the worthiness of our approach.
Prediction of the Influence of Vibration on Structural Integrity of Elevator Suspension Ropes (2005)

Traction drive elevator installations employ ropes of variable length as a mean of car and counterweight suspension. The inertial and elastic characteristics of elevator suspension systems depend on the rope construction and vary slowly during the elevator travel. The system suffers from vibrations caused by various sources of excitation. This paper presents the analysis of the dynamic response of the suspension system employing traditional steel wire ropes as well as ropes constructed of aramid fibers. The equations describing the lateral response of the system subjected to a boundary periodic excitation are solved numerically. The results show that the entire rope is subjected to repetitive low frequency transient resonances. Consequently, the structural integrity of the suspension ropes is compromised. The issue of active vibration control and the feasibility of the integration of shape memory alloy elements within the suspension rope design are discussed.
The Study of Optimized Compounds Containing Silica and Coupling Agent to Improve the Physical Properties of Rubber Compounds (1995)

The physical properties of rubber compounds containing silica and siliane coupling agent in order to replace the carbon black and prepare for environmental regulation showed improved dynamic properties(rebound, heat build-up, ), but the abrasion resistance did not improve compared with the compounds containing carbon black. Also, curing retardation because of coherent structure of silica improved by the addition of DEG, but the mixing step change of activators did not so much improve the static and dynamic properties of the compounds containing high synthetic rubber, the status of mixing and dispersion showed that the compounds containing carbon black was much better than the compounds containing silica by TEM investigation.
Magnetism in Medicine (1960)

The applications of magnetic materials and magnetic fields in medicine are reviewed. Direct biological effects of magnetic fields, clinical uses of the mechanical force exerted by magnets, and magnetic analysis as a tool in biochemistry are considered. The authors' applications of the technology of fine particle iron to the treatment of cancer and mental disease, for investigation of basic biochemistry and for diagnostic purposes are discussed. A significant step in these applications has been the discovery of sublingual assimilation of fine particle iron.
Design of Well‐Defined Monofunctionalized Poly(3‐hexylthiophene)s: Toward the Synthesis of Semiconducting Graft Copolymers (2012)

The post-functionalization of poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) via various synthetic routes is reported. Well-defined and monofunctionalized ω-thiol-terminated P3HT, ω-carboxylic acid-terminated P3HT, ω-acrylate-terminated P3HT, and ω-methacrylate-terminated P3HT are obtained in high yields through a straightforward procedure. From those, different novel P3HT-based graft copolymers are synthesized following two routes: "grafting onto" and "grafting through" (macromonomer polymerization) methods. The synthesis of three types of graft copolymers is described. Each one has "rod" P3HT-grafted side chains on a "coil" main chain, which can be polyisoprene, poly(vinyl alcohol), or poly(butyl acrylate). Each copolymer is characterized by size-exclusion chromatography and NMR.
Phaseless incoherent optical frequency domain spectroscopy (2017)

We describe a new technique for incoherent optical frequency domain spectroscopy (I-OFDS) that does not require measurements of the RF phase spectrum in order to reconstruct the optical spectrum. It is based on the addition of either an optical or electronic reference line to the I-OFDS system. Compared to the spectrum acquired by a regular I-OFDS system, high accuracy (error<1%) is predicted and achieved.
Automatic Synonym and Phrase Replacement Show Promise for Style Transformation (2010)

Style transformation refers to the process by which a piece of text written in a certain style of writing is transformed into another text exhibiting a distinctly different style of writing without significant change to the meaning of individual sentences. In this paper we continue investigation into the linguistic style transformation problem and demonstrate current achievements in transformation on sample texts from a standard authorship attribution corpus. Specifically, we use simple synonym and phrase replacement on the source text to strengthen the stylistic markers of a given target corpus. We validate our results using Java Graphical Authorship Attribution Program (JGAAP). We are able to demonstrate that simple replacements can alter the linguistic style of writing as detected by an independent process.
Phase Separation of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals on a Chemically Patterned Substrate (2007)

The surface-induced structure formation of polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) on a chemically patterned substrate was studied for the first time. The patterns on the substrate were successfully transferred to the PDLC film, resulting in alternating LC-rich and polymer-rich phases. This simple approach offers a new means of organizing micrometer-sized LC domains into well-ordered structures in a polymer matrix of PDLCs.
Off‐target effects of engineered nucleases (2016)

Recent advances in gene editing with engineered nucleases have transformed our ability to manipulate the genome from diverse organisms for applications ranging from biomedical research to disease treatment. A major complication with these engineered nucleases is the binding of the nuclease to unintended genomic sites that share sequence homology with the on-target site. Cleavage of these off-target sites followed by DNA repair using normal cellular DNA repair mechanisms can cause gene mutation or gross chromosome rearrangement. Identification of nuclease-generated off-target sites is a daunting task due to the size and complexity of the mammalian genome. Five unbiased, genome-wide strategies have been developed to detect the off-target cleavage. Some of these strategies reach the sensitivity near the detection limit of directed deep sequencing and have sufficient precision and resolution to objectively assessing the off-target effect of any engineered nuclease. Significant progress has also been made recently to boost the nuclease targeting specificity by protein engineering to modify the structure of the nuclease and alter the interaction with its genomic target. In several studied cases, the off-target effect generated by the modified nuclease is completely eliminated. These modified nucleases significantly improve the overall fidelity of gene editing. These developments will enable gene editing tools to be applied more broadly and safely in basic research and disease treatment.
Development of linear actuators using piezoelectric elements (1998)

We propose a new type of linear actuator that is based on the rapid expansion of a piezoelectric element and the inertia and friction of a mobile body. The proposed actuator, small and capable of being driven with high precision, may find applications in positioning devices and other precision products. This paper presents the theory of operation, the results of tests performed on the experimental unit built on this principle, and a theoretical analysis of these test results. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Electron Comm Jpn Pt 3, 81(11): 11–17, 1998
The diagnosis and management of familial hypercholesterolaemia. (2005)

Familial hypercholesterolaemia is a clinical entity comprising high concentrations of low density lipoproteins, tendinous deposition of cholesterol in a large proportion of affected subjects, and a propensity for the development of atherosclerosis and its complications in the coronary arteries. The aim of this review is to integrate publications with clinical experience into a concise profile of the disorder and its management. In less than a century this disease has been recognised, its lipoprotein derangement identified and numerous causal mutations have been detected. Although the phenotype is most commonly due to the occurrence of mutations in the low density lipoprotein receptor, defects in the apolipoprotein B100 may result in a similar phenotype. The same phenotype has also been linked to a gene and its product, PCSK9 and NARC1, that may be involved in the regulation of cholesterol in the cell. In the past few decades statins, by inhibiting cholesterol synthesis at the rate-limiting enzyme (hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase) have been developed and proven safe and effective in reducing the low density lipoprotein cholesterol, promoting regression and reducing mortality and morbidity. Additionally, advances in imaging techniques are allowing non-invasive insights into the impact of the disease on atherosclerosis. For these reasons there should be a high index of suspicion for this treatable condition in which genetic therapy and further modulation of atherosclerosis can be expected in the future.