gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BI 44370 TA, an oral CGRP antagonist for the treatment of acute migraine attacks: Results from a phase II study (2010)

Efficacy of BI 44370 TA was shown in a dose-dependent manner in the treatment of acute migraine attacks.
Character confusion versus focus word-based correction of spelling and OCR variants in corpora (2010)

We present a new approach based on anagram hashing to handle globally the lexical variation in large and noisy text collections. Lexical variation addressed by spelling correction systems is primarily typographical variation. This is typically handled in a local fashion: given one particular text string some system of retrieving near-neighbors is applied, where near-neighbors are other text strings that differ from the particular string by a given number of characters. The difference in characters between the original string and one of its retrieved near-neighbors constitutes a particular character confusion. We present a global way of performing this action: for all possible particular character confusions given a particular edit distance, we sequentially identify all the pairs of text strings in the text collection that display a particular confusion. We work on large digitized corpora, which contain lexical variation due to both the OCR process and typographical or typesetting error and show that all these types of variation can be handled equally well in the framework we present. The character confusion-based prototype of Text-Induced Corpus Clean-up (ticcl) is compared to its focus word-based counterpart and evaluated on 6 years’ worth of digitized Dutch Parliamentary documents. The character confusion approach is shown to gain an order of magnitude in speed on its word-based counterpart on large corpora. Insights gained about the useful contribution of global corpus variation statistics are shown to also benefit the more traditional word-based approach to spelling correction. Final tests on a held-out set comprising the 1918 edition of the Dutch daily newspaper ‘Het Volk’ show that the system is not sensitive to domain variation.
Highly Conductive Stretchable and Biocompatible Electrode–Hydrogel Hybrids for Advanced Tissue Engineering (2014)

Hydrogel-based, molecular permeable electronic devices are considered to be promising for electrical stimulation and recording of living tissues, either in vivo or in vitro. This study reports the fabrication of the first hydrogel-based devices that remain highly electrically conductive under substantial stretch and bending. Using a simple technique involving a combination of chemical polymerization and electropolymerization of poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), a tight bonding of a conductive composite of PEDOT and polyurethane (PU) to an elastic double-network hydrogel is achieved to make fully organic PEDOT/PU-hydrogel hybrids. Their response to repeated bending, mechanical stretching, hydration-dessication cycles, storage in aqueous condition for up to 6 months, and autoclaving is assessed, demonstrating excellent stability, without any mechanical or electrical damage. The hybrids exhibit a high electrical conductivity of up to 120 S cm(-1) at 100% elongation. The adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of neural and muscle cells cultured on these hybrids are demonstrated, as well as the fabrication of 3D hybrids, advancing the field of tissue engineering with integrated electronics.
Forward Kinematics of the General 6-6 Fully Parallel Mechanism: An Exhaustive Numerical Approach via a Mono-Dimensional-Search Algorithm (1992)

Abstract A new numerical method for the solution of the direct position analysis of the six d.o.f. fully parallel mechanism with general geometry, often referred to as generalized Stewart platform mechanism, is presented. The main feature of the method, making it attractive with respect to the methods available in the literature, is the ability to find out all the real solutions of the direct position analysis. The effectiveness of the new algorithm relies upon the solution of only one equation in one unknown. That equation is strictly representative of the problem, i.e., it is free from extraneous roots and every solution of the direct position analysis entails the existence of a root for the equation. A case study is reported.
Squaring the circle: the use of microstructures for converting and homogenizing beam patterns (2003)

Our paper treats the conversion of light beams with circular cross-section into light beams of square cross-section as well as the conversion of light beams with rectangular cross-sections of different aspect ratios. We calculate the possible concentration ratio,and introduce symmetry-breaking microstructures in order to mix high with low skewness without affecting the axial component of the k -vector. A typical example for its application is as secondary concentrator-homogenizer in 3D-photovoltaic (PV)concentrator systems,for square PV-cells. For the performance of modern multi-junction cells it is crucial to homogenize the incoming radiation in the secondary, both in location and color. We compare the performance of homogenizers with and without microstructures and show the advantage of adding this feature. Several designs are modeled and the performance is compared by Monte-Carlo ray-tracing. With wall microstructures,light uniformity and concentration is significantly better.
Income Security for Americans: Recommendations for the Public Welfare Study and Studies in Public Welfare (1975)

Income Security for Americans: Recommendations for the Public Welfare Study and Studies in Public Welfare Get access Income Security for Americans: Recommendations for the Public Welfare Study. Report of the Subcommittee on Fiscal Policy. By Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1974. 262 pp. $2.50. Studies in Public Welfare. By Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1974. “A Model Income Supplement Bill,” Paper No. 16, 62 pp. $.80. “National Survey of Food Stamp and Food Distribution Program Recipients: A Summary of Findings on Income Sources and Amounts and Incidence of Multiple Benefits,” Paper No. 17, 47 pp. $.70. “Issues in Financing Retirement Income,” Paper No. 18, 200 pp. $2.00. Alan D. Wade Alan D. Wade School of Social Work, University of California at Sacramento Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Social Work, Volume 20, Issue 5, September 1975, Page 405, https://doi.org/10.1093/sw/20.5.405 Published: 01 September 1975
Independent Review of E2100: A Phase III Trial of Bevacizumab Plus Paclitaxel Versus Paclitaxel in Women With Metastatic Breast Cancer (2009)

The risk of progression was reduced by more than half and the ORR more than doubled with the addition of bevacizumab to weekly paclitaxel in both analyses, confirming a substantial and robust bevacizumab treatment effect. The consistency between the IRF and ECOG analyses validates the original data previously reported by ECOG in this open-label trial.
Facile fabrication of superhydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) substrates using ultrasonic imprinting (2013)

Superhydrophobic surfaces (SHSs) have received increasing attention in the last decade, and have been generally developed from hydrophobic materials. In this study, a facile fabrication method based on ultrasonic imprinting is proposed to develop SHSs from a hydrophilic polymer, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA). To fabricate SHSs on PMMA substrates, micro electrical discharge machining, micromachining and ultrasonic imprinting were sequentially used. The ultrasonic imprinting was performed for various channel designs and imprinting conditions, and the resulting water contact angles were measured for the replicated samples. As a result, superhydrophobic characteristics could be obtained on a hydrophilic PMMA replica without any chemical treatments. The effects of nanoscale roughness on the replicated channel as well as composition change are discussed with respect to the analyses using an atomic force microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.
Effects of Two Weeks of High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) on Monocyte TLR2 and TLR4 Expression in High BMI Sedentary Men (2013)

Monocyte TLR expression has been shown to be reduced after a combination of aerobic and resistance exercise, but more studies considering the influences of different exercise intensities, type and duration on TLR expression are needed. Although there is an agreement about the importance of physical exercise, the minimal amount needed to improve health status is uncertain. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyse the influence of 2 weeks of high-intensity intermittent exercise training on CD14+ monocyte TLR4 expression in a sedentary, high BMI population. As a secondary purpose, this study covers the influence of exercise on classical and pro-inflammatory monocytes and the TLR4 expression before and after a training period in these monocyte subsets. Six high-intensity interval training (HIIT) sessions over a 2 week period (three sessions per week) were completed by 11 sedentary participants (24 ± 5 years old). Blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of the training period for analysis of haematocrit, haemoglobin, total white blood cell (leukocyte), monocyte counts, monocyte CD14+ TLR4 expression and monocyte subsets. Two weeks of high-intensity intermittent exercise training increased VO2peak and total CD14+ monocyte TLR4 expression in a sedentary, high BMI population. There was no influence of training on the proportions of classical and pro-inflammatory monocyte subsets, but TLR4 expression in the majority of these monocyte subsets (apart from CD14++CD16+) was higher after the six training sessions.
β-1,2-Linked Oligomannosides from<i>Candida albicans</i>Bind to a 32-Kilodalton Macrophage Membrane Protein Homologous to the Mammalian Lectin Galectin-3 (2000)

beta-1,2-linked oligomannoside residues are present, associated with mannan and a glycolipid, the phospholipomannan, at the Candida albicans cell wall surface. beta-1,2-linked oligomannoside residues act as adhesins for macrophages and stimulate these cells to undergo cytokine production. To characterize the macrophage receptor involved in the recognition of C. albicans beta-1,2-oligomannoside we used the J774 mouse cell line, which is devoid of the receptor specific for alpha-linked mannose residues. A series of experiments based on affinity binding on either C. albicans yeast cells or beta-1,2-oligomannoside-conjugated bovine serum albumin (BSA) and subsequent disclosure with biotinylated conjugated BSA repeatedly led to the detection of a 32-kDa macrophage protein. An antiserum specific for this 32-kDa protein inhibited C. albicans binding to macrophages and was used to immunoprecipitate the molecule. Two high-pressure liquid chromatography-purified peptides from the 32-kDa tryptic digest showed complete homology to galectin-3 (previously designated Mac-2 antigen), an endogenous lectin with pleiotropic functions which is expressed in a wide variety of cell types with which C. albicans interacts as a saprophyte or a parasite.
Study on The Expression of HuD protein in Hirschsprung's Disease. (2005)

Objective HuD protein involved in neurite growth and mature neurons survival is the necessary factor in the embryonic and adult developing nervous system. It is not clearly that the role of HuD in developing enteric nervous system and pathogenesis of Hirschsprung's disease. There is no allied reports both at home and abroad. This study about the expression of HuD in the different bowel segment of Hirschsprung's disease, is maybe help for us to understand the relationship between HuD and Hirschsprung's disease. Methods To obtain the different bowel segment ablated in operation from 15 cases of Hirschsprung's disease and the colon with normal ganglion ablated operation by other causes. Using immuocytochemistry and western blotting to determine the expression of HuD in the different bowel segment of Hirschsprung's disease. To analysis the result by image dissector system and statistic software. Results The stain of anti-HuD protein was negative both the submucosa of trictural segment and intermuscles.The expression degree and stain of transitional segment were all low than that of both dilated segment and normal control group(P0.01).Hud protein level in strictural and transitional segment remarkable low than that in dilated and normal segments(P0.05) in Hirschsprug's disease. Conclusions HuD in the submucosa and intermuscular nervous plexus was no expressed,it suggest that HuD protein decrease could cause enonervous system embryodevelopment or mature neuron surival disorder.Finalyty,these disorders, lead to congenital aganglion cells in bowel of patients with Hirschsprung,s disease.
Self-killing of melanoma cells by cytosolic delivery of dsRNA: Wiring innate immunity for a coordinated mobilization of endosomes, autophagosomes and the apoptotic machinery in tumor cells (2010)

Patients with metastatic melanoma have a poor prognosis, primarily due to a generalized inefficacy of current anticancer treatments. Therefore, the identification of novel death inducers with good bioavailability and safety profiles is a main priority in this disease. Here we summarize recent work from our group uncovering an unexpected ability of the dsRNA mimic polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (pIC) to engage the endo/lysosomal machinery of melanoma cells and induce their self degradation by autophagy and apoptosis, without noticeable secondary effects in vivo. However the antimelanoma activity of pIC strictly required conjugation with carriers (e.g., polyethyleneimine, PEI) for cytosolic delivery. Combining transcriptome analyses with RNA interference, we found RNA helicase MDA-5 as a main driver of the pIC-PEI complex. MDA-5 in turn, favored NOXA-dependent activation of apoptotic caspases. These results demonstrate new therapeutically tractable links between autophagy and apoptosis that can be coordinately engaged in tumor cells by dsRNA mimics.
Through wafer interconnection technologies for advanced electronic devices (2005)

There is a need for miniaturizing electronic components such as ICs and modules that are used in portable devices like cellular phones and PDAs. Miniaturization not only results in a reduced foot print of the components on the printed board but it can also have a positive effect on the device performance. The ultimate miniaturization is reached when packaging the component into a chip size package (CSP). To enable this, the bonding pads of ICs can be rerouted into, e.g., a ball grid array (BGA) configuration. For devices such as vertical discrete components and stacked dies planar rerouting is not sufficient. Introducing so-called through wafer interconnect enables addressing the back side and so these devices can be converted into CSPs. Although through wafer interconnect requires rather complicated technologies, wafer level processing (resulting in simultaneous fabrication of large number of packages) limits the additional packaging cost.
Method for Simultaneous Isolation and Quantitation of Platelet Activating Factor and Multiple Arachidonate Metabolites from Small Samples: Analysis of Effects of Staphylococcus aureus Enterotoxin B in Mice (1994)

A novel method has been developed for the extraction and simultaneous separation and quantitation of key arachidonate metabolites and platelet activating factor (PAF) from plasma samples of limited size. Aqueous solutions of these metabolites were added onto a solid phase C-18 cartridge and arachidonate metabolites and PAF were eluted, successively, with acetonitrile-methanol (85:15, v/v), followed by 100% methanol. Arachidonate metabolites (first eluate) were fractionated by C-18 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography using a program designed for the resolution of 31 arachidonate metabolites (3-min separation). The fractions were collected and assayed by radioimmunoassay or radiography, if radioactively labeled. Two internal standards were added to each sample, 15-hydroxyeicosadienoic acid (detected at 235 nm) to determine gradient shifts and [1-14C]eicosatrienoic acid to estimate the recoveries of arachidonate metabolites at any stage of the process. This method was developed to answer specific questions concerning the mode of action of Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B (SEB). Plasma samples from mice challenged with SEB were analyzed and major differences were seen in 5-lipoxygenase metabolites. Low doses of SEB vs saline stimulated 5-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid production, while high doses of SEB stimulated leukotriene D4 production.
Learning by Association — A Versatile Semi-Supervised Training Method for Neural Networks (2017)

In many real-world scenarios, labeled data for a specific machine learning task is costly to obtain. Semi-supervised training methods make use of abundantly available unlabeled data and a smaller number of labeled examples. We propose a new framework for semi-supervised training of deep neural networks inspired by learning in humans. Associations are made from embeddings of labeled samples to those of unlabeled ones and back. The optimization schedule encourages correct association cycles that end up at the same class from which the association was started and penalizes wrong associations ending at a different class. The implementation is easy to use and can be added to any existing end-to-end training setup. We demonstrate the capabilities of learning by association on several data sets and show that it can improve performance on classification tasks tremendously by making use of additionally available unlabeled data. In particular, for cases with few labeled data, our training scheme outperforms the current state of the art on SVHN.
Smad1 Domains Interacting with Hoxc-8 Induce Osteoblast Differentiation (2000)

Bone morphogenetic proteins are potent osteotropic agents that induce osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. The signal transduction of bone morphogenetic proteins has recently been discovered to involve Smad proteins. Smad1 is an essential intracellular component that is specifically phosphorylated by bone morphogenetic protein receptors and translocated into the nucleus upon ligand stimulation. Previously, we have reported that Smad1 activates osteopontin gene expression in response to bone morphogenetic protein simulation through an interaction with a homeodomain transcription factor, Hoxc-8. In the present study, the interaction domains between the two proteins were characterized by deletional analysis in both yeast two-hybrid and gel shift assays. Two regions within the amino-terminal 87 amino acid residues of Smad1 were mapped to interact with Hoxc-8, one of which binds to the homeodomain. Overexpression of recombinant cDNAs encoding the Hoxc-8 interaction domains of Smad1 effectively activated osteopontin gene transcription in transient transfection assays. Furthermore, stable expression of these Smad1 fragments in 2T3 osteoblast precursor cells stimulated osteoblast differentiation-related gene expression and led to mineralized bone matrix formation. Our data suggest that the interaction of amino-terminal Smad1 with Hoxc-8 mimics bone morphogenetic protein signaling and is sufficient to induce osteoblast differentiation and bone cell formation.
Polarization-independent and high-diffraction-efficiency Fresnel lenses based on blue phase liquid crystals (2011)

A polarization-independent and high-diffraction-efficiency Fresnel lens is developed based on blue phase liquid crystals (BPLCs). The optically isotropic characteristic of BPLCs is used to produce a polarization-independent Fresnel lens. The small optical phase shift of BPLCs that is induced by the Kerr effect is sufficient for the BPLC Fresnel lens to have high theoretical and experimental diffraction efficiencies of 41% and ∼34%, respectively. An electrically erasable memory effect in the focusing diffraction at an electric field E>4.44 V/μm is observed. The electro-optical properties of the BPLC Fresnel lens are analyzed and discussed.
CHOP regulates the p53–MDM2 axis and is required for neuronal survival after seizures (2013)

Hippocampal sclerosis is a frequent pathological finding in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy and can be caused by prolonged single or repeated brief seizures. Both DNA damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress have been implicated as underlying molecular mechanisms in seizure-induced brain injury. The CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) is a transcriptional regulator induced downstream of DNA damage and endoplasmic reticulum stress, which can promote or inhibit apoptosis according to context. Recent work has proposed inhibition of CHOP as a suitable neuroprotective strategy. Here, we show that transcript and protein levels of CHOP increase in surviving subfields of the hippocampus after prolonged seizures (status epilepticus) in mouse models. CHOP was also elevated in the hippocampus from epileptic mice and patients with pharmacoresistant epilepsy. The hippocampus of CHOP-deficient mice was much more vulnerable to damage in mouse models of status epilepticus. Moreover, compared with wild-type animals, CHOP-deficient mice subject to status epilepticus developed more spontaneous seizures, displayed protracted hippocampal neurodegeneration and a deficit in a hippocampus-dependent object-place recognition task. The absence of CHOP was associated with a supra-maximal induction of p53 after status epilepticus, and inhibition of p53 abolished the cell death-promoting consequences of CHOP deficiency. The protective effect of CHOP could be partly explained by activating transcription of murine double minute 2 that targets p53 for degradation. These data demonstrate that CHOP is required for neuronal survival after seizures and caution against inhibition of CHOP as a neuroprotective strategy where excitotoxicity is an underlying pathomechanism.
Cleaning by Surfactant Gradients: Particulate Removal from Porous Materials and the Significance of Rinsing in Laundry Detergency (2018)

After thousands of years of practice, we may not $n\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}e\phantom{\rule{0}{0ex}}d$ to know physics to wash our clothes, but (as usual) it might really help. In the cleaning of fabric, a hierarchical porous material, it is understood that soil particles are first detached by detergent, then washed away by fluid flow during rinsing. A common belief is that dirt in the fabric's pores is removed by flow advection, but small pores do not admit significant flow, leaving the role of advection dubious. The authors show that the detergent concentration gradient arising during rinsing with fresh water, though an unintended consequence, can be an effective route to enhancing soil removal from deep pores in fabric.
Ribavirin??s Risks in Reproduction??? How Great Are They? (1989)

The teratogenic risks of administering ribavirin to pregnant women are acknowledged. But, what are the risks of exposing women to environments where children are receiving the drug?