gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>-Symmetric Bis(oxazolinato)lanthanide Catalysts for Enantioselective Intramolecular Hydroamination/Cyclization (2003)

C2-symmetric bis(oxazolinato)lanthanide complexes of the type [(4R,5S)-Ph2Box]La[N(TMS)2]2, [(4S,5R)-Ar2Box]La[N(TMS)2]2, and [(4S)-Ph-5,5-Me2Box]La[N(TMS)2]2 (Box = 2,2‘-bis(2-oxazoline)methylenyl; Ar = 4-tert-butylphenyl, 1-naphthyl; TMS = SiMe3) serve as precatalysts for the efficient enantioselective intramolecular hydroamination/cyclization of aminoalkenes and aminodienes. These new catalyst systems are conveniently generated in situ from the known metal precursors Ln[N(TMS)2]3 or Ln[CH(TMS)2]3 (Ln = La, Nd, Sm, Y, Lu) and 1.2 equiv of commercially available or readily prepared bis(oxazoline) ligands such as (4R,5S)-Ph2BoxH, (4S,5R)-Ar2BoxH, and (4S)-Ph-5,5-Me2BoxH. The X-ray crystal structure of [(4S)-tBuBox]Lu[CH(TMS)2]2 provides insight into the structure of the in situ generated precatalyst species. Lanthanides having the largest ionic radii exhibit the highest turnover frequencies as well as enantioselectivities. Reaction rates maximize near 1:1 BoxH:Ln ratio (ligand acceleration); however, increasing the ratio to 2:1 BoxH:Ln decreases the reaction rate, while affording enantiomeric excesses similar to the 1:1 BoxH:Ln case. A screening study of bis(oxazoline) ligands reveals that aryl stereodirecting groups at the oxazoline ring 4 position and additional substitution (geminal dimethyl or aryl) at the 5 position are crucial for high turnover frequencies and good enantioselectivities. The optimized precatalyst, in situ generated [(4R,5S)-Ph2Box]La[N(TMS)2]2, exhibits good rates and enantioselectivities, comparable to or greater than those achieved with chiral C1-symmetric organolanthanocene catalysts, even for poorly responsive substrates (up to 67% ee at 23 °C). Kinetic studies reveal that hydroamination rates are zero order in [amine substrate] and first order in [catalyst], implicating the same general mechanism for organolanthanide-catalyzed hydroamination/cyclizations (intramolecular turnover-limiting olefin insertion followed by the rapid protonolysis of an Ln−C bond by amine substrate) and implying that the active catalytic species is monomeric.
Intermolecular Exchange and Stabilization of Recombinant Human αA- and αB-Crystallin (1998)

Lens alpha-crystallin subunits alphaA and alphaB are differentially expressed and have a 3-to-1 ratio in most mammalian lenses by intermolecular exchange. The biological significance of this composition and the mechanism of exchange are not clear. Preparations of human recombinant alphaA- and alphaB-crystallins provide a good system in which to study this phenomenon. Both recombinant alphaA- and alphaB-crystallins are folded and aggregated to the size of the native alpha-crystallin. During incubation together, they undergo an intermolecular exchange as shown by native isoelectric focusing. Circular dichroism measurements indicate that the protein with a 3-to-1 ratio of alphaA- and alphaB-crystallins has the same secondary structure but somewhat different tertiary structures after exchange: the near-UV CD increases after exchange. The resulting hybrid aggregate is more stable than the individual homogeneous aggregates: at 62 degrees C, alphaB-crystallin is more susceptible to aggregation and displays a greater light scattering than alphaA-crystallin. This heat-induced aggregation of alphaB-crystallin, however, was suppressed by intermolecular exchange with alphaA-crystallin. These phenomena are also observed by fast performance liquid chromatography gel filtration patterns. The protein structure of alphaB-crystallin is stabilized by intermolecular exchange with alphaA-crystallin.
A Bismuth Vanadate–Cuprous Oxide Tandem Cell for Overall Solar Water Splitting (2014)

Through examination of the optoelectronic and photoelectrochemical properties of BiVO4 and Cu2O photoelectrodes, we evaluate the feasibility of a BiVO4/Cu2O photoanode/photocathode tandem cell for overall unassisted solar water splitting. Using state-of-the-art photoelectrodes we identify current-matching conditions by altering the photoanode active layer thickness. By further employing water oxidation and reduction catalysts (Co-Pi and RuOx, respectively) together with an operating point analysis, we show that an unassisted solar photocurrent density on the order of 1 mA cm–2 is possible in a tandem cell and moreover gain insight into routes for improvement. Finally, we demonstrate the unassisted 2-electrode operation of the tandem cell. Photocurrents corresponding to ca. 0.5% solar-to-hydrogen conversion efficiency were found to decay over the course of minutes because of the detachment of the Co-Pi catalyst. This aspect provides a fundamental challenge to the stable operation of the tandem cell with the currently employed catalysts.
Outer hair cell length changes in an external electric field. II. The role of electrokinetic forces on the cell surface (1995)

An isolated cochlear outer hair cell can elongate or shorten when electrically stimulated, as discovered by Brownell et al. [Science 227, 194-196 (1985)]. In their experiments, the cylindrically shaped cell was fixed at one end, and was positioned between two electrodes which lie on the cell axis, but were far from the cell (transcellular stimulation). A model is developed to predict the component of the cell's elongation which arises from only electrokinetic phenomena. Outside the cell, electro-osmosis produces a drag on the lateral wall which almost exactly balances the electrophoretic force. In contrast to previous theories, we find that the electrokinetic response is governed by the free end of the cell, not the lateral wall. If the surface charge density of the free end lies between -0.004 and -0.07 C/m2 (corresponding to the zeta potential between -5 and -60 mV), then our model predicts elongations that are comparable in magnitude to experimentally measured values.
Prothymosin alpha antisense oligomers inhibit myeloma cell division. (1991)

The function of prothymosin alpha has been investigated by using four different antisense oligodeoxyribonucleotides directed at selected regions of its mRNA. In every case, when synchronized human myeloma cells were released from stationary phase by incubation in fresh medium containing antisense oligomers, cell division was prevented or inhibited; sense oligomers and random antisense oligomers had no effect. A detailed analysis of synchronized cell populations indicated that sense-treated and untreated cells divided approximately 17 hr after growth initiation, whereas cells incubated with antisense oligomer 183, a 16-mer targeted 5 bases downstream of the initiation codon, entered mitosis approximately one cell division late. The failure to divide correlated directly with a deficit in prothymosin alpha and with the continued presence of intact intracellular antisense oligomers over a period of at least 24 hr. Because antisense oligomers had no effect either on the timing of the induction of prothymosin alpha mRNA upon growth stimulation or on mRNA levels seen throughout the cell cycle, we concluded that antisense DNA caused specific hybrid arrest of translation. Our data suggest that prothymosin alpha is required for cell division. However, there is no evidence that prothymosin alpha directly regulates mitosis.
Interactive Volume Rendering based on a "Bubble Model" (2001)

In this paper an interactive volume rendering technique is presented which is based on a novel visualization model. We call the basic method ''bubble model'' since iso-surfaces are rendered as thin semi-transparent membranes similarly to blown soap bubbles. The primary goal is to develop a fast previewing technique for volumetric data which does not require a time-consuming transfer function specification to visualize internal structures. Our approach uses a very simple rendering model controlled by only two parameters. We also present an interactive rotation technique which does not rely on any specialized hardware, therefore it can be widely used even on low-end machines. Due to the interactive display, fine tuning is also supported since the modification of the rendering parameters has an immediate visual feedback.
An Outbreak of Human Coronavirus OC43 Infection and Serological Cross‐Reactivity with SARS Coronavirus (2006)

These findings underscore the virulence of human CoV-OC43 in elderly populations and confirm that cross-reactivity to antibody against nucleocapsid proteins from these viruses must be considered when interpreting serological tests for SARS-CoV.
A reconfigurable linear feedback shift register (LFSR) for the Bluetooth system (2002)

The Bluetooth Encryption/Decryption algorithm demands Linear Feedback Shift Registers (LFSRs) in order to reduce the length of the encryption key. A typical implementation needs sixteen different LFSRs. In this paper a low power 128-bit LFSR for efficient use in portable Bluetooth telecommunication systems is proposed. The new LFSR design techniques can be also useful in any reconfigurable LFSR. Two methods to reduce the conventional LFSR switching activity are introduced. Up to 110% LFSR power consumption reduction was achieved by using the clock-gating technique and the Gray code representation. The whole LFSR design was captured by using VHDL language and for synthesis a 0.7 /spl mu/m CMOS standard cell library was used.
High-Efficient Production of Boron Nitride Nanosheets via an Optimized Ball Milling Process for Lubrication in Oil (2014)

Although tailored wet ball milling can be an efficient method to produce a large quantity of two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as boron nitride (BN) nanosheets, milling parameters including milling speed, ball-to-powder ratio, milling ball size and milling agent, are important for optimization of exfoliation efficiency and production yield. In this report, we systematically investigate the effects of different milling parameters on the production of BN nanosheets with benzyl benzoate being used as the milling agent. It is found that small balls of 0.1-0.2 mm in diameter are much more effective in exfoliating BN particles to BN nanosheets. Under the optimum condition, the production yield can be as high as 13.8% and the BN nanosheets are 0.5-1.5 μm in diameter and a few nanometers thick and of relative high crystallinity and chemical purity. The lubrication properties of the BN nanosheets in base oil have also been studied. The tribological tests show that the BN nanosheets can greatly reduce the friction coefficient and wear scar diameter of the base oil.
Estimating influence of data layout optimizations on SDRAM energy consumption (2003)

An important problem in extracting maximum benefits from an SDRAM-based architecture is to exploit data locality at the page granularity. Frequent switches between data pages can increase memory latency and have an impact on energy consumption. In this paper, we propose a mathematical formulation, using Presburger arithmetic and Ehrhart polynomials to estimate the number of page breaks statically (i.e., at compile time). The results obtained using video codes indicate that the proposed framework can estimate the number of page breaks with good accuracy.
Quantifying GPIIb/IIIa Receptor Binding Using 2 Monoclonal Antibodies (1999)

Mab1 and Mab2 bind to GPIIb/IIIa and are differentially displaced by abciximab and small molecular weight antagonists. These antibodies may be used to monitor receptor number and occupancy during administration of a GPIIb/IIIa antagonist.
Kinase mTOR: Regulation and role in maintenance of cellular homeostasis, tumor development, and aging (2014)

Serine/threonine protein kinase mTOR regulates the maintenance of cellular homeostasis by coordinating transcription, translation, metabolism, and autophagy with availability of amino acids, growth factors, ATP, and oxygen. The mTOR kinase is a component of two protein complexes, mTORC1 and mTORC2, which are different in their composition and regulate different cellular processes. An uncontrolled activation of the mTOR kinase is observed in cells of the majority of tumors, as well as in diabetes and neurodegenerative and some other diseases. At present, inhibitors of the kinase complex mTORC1 are undergoing clinical trials. This review focuses on different aspects of the regulation of the mTORC1 and mTORC2 complexes, on their role in the regulation of protein synthesis, metabolism, and autophagy, as well as on using mTOR inhibitors for treatment of tumors and slowing of aging.
HF Magnetic Field Standard (1980)

A magnetic field standard system is developed using a small loop antenna based on the standard field concept for frequencies from 0.1 to 30 MHz with an accuracy of 0.12 dB. A wide-band loop antenna is designed as the standard antenna to generate the standard field which is determined from the incident power to the standard antenna and its antenna factor measured by the three-antenna method. An incident power monitor is designed to measure accurately the incident power to the standard antenna. A two-antenna method is devised for precise calibration of loop antennas for practical use.
Content Distribution Network Interconnection (CDNI) Core Metadata (2011)

The CDNI Metadata Interface enables interconnected CDNs to exchange
content distribution metadata for the purpose of content acquisition
and delivery. The CDNI metadata associated with a piece of content
provides a downstream CDN with the information necessary for the
downstream CDN to service content requests on behalf of an upstream
CDN in accordance with the delivery policies defined by the upstream
CDN. This document describes the core set of CDNI metadata that all
interconnected CDNs must support.
A generic link layer in a beyond 3G multi-radio access architecture (2004)

A major aspect of beyond 3G networks is the efficient integration of multiple radio access technologies in a common network. One advantage of this multi-radio access integration will be an increased radio resource efficiency, e.g., due to a larger trunking gain and reduced radio cost per link. One realization of the multi-radio access integration is based on a generic link layer, which provides generic data processing for a multitude of radio access technologies. The generic link layer enables fast and lossless access selection. The functional architecture of the generic link layer is discussed, including the separation of radio dependent and radio independent functions. Furthermore, the relationship of the generic link layer to (multi-) radio resource management functions and radio specific transmission functions is presented and an example of access selection is described. Finally, we present how the generic link layer is included into a beyond 3G network architecture.
<i>Salmonella enterica</i> Serovar Typhimurium Invasion Is Repressed in the Presence of Bile (2000)

As enteric pathogens, the salmonellae have developed systems by which they can sense and adapt appropriately to deleterious intestinal components that include bile. Previously, growth in the presence of bile was shown to repress the transcription of prgH, a locus encoding components of the Salmonella pathogenicity island I (SPI-1) type III secretion system (TTSS) necessary for eukaryotic cell invasion. This result suggested an existing interaction between salmonellae, bile, and eukaryotic cell invasion. Transcription assays demonstrated that invasion gene regulators (e.g., sirC and invF) are repressed by bile. However, bile does not interact with any of the invasion regulators directly but exerts its effect at or upstream of the two-component system at the apex of the invasion cascade, SirA-BarA. As suggested by the repression of invasion gene transcription in the presence of bile, Western blot analysis demonstrated that proteins secreted by the SPI-1 TTSS were markedly reduced in the presence of bile. Furthermore, Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium grown in the presence of bile was able to invade epithelial cells at only 4% of the level of serovar Typhimurium grown without bile. From these data, we propose a model whereby serovar Typhimurium uses bile as an environmental signal to repress its invasive capacity in the lumen of the intestine, but upon mucous layer penetration and association with intestinal epithelial cells, where the apparent bile concentration would be reduced, the system would become derepressed and invasion would be initiated.
Integrating Mechanics and Electronics to Prevent Skidding on Icy Roads (1988)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The paper describes a computer-based steering control system which can stabilize the vehicle against skidding on icy roads. The operating principle and the control algorithms are discussed. A computer simulation of the vehicle dynamics shows excellent practical potential for the proposed system to enhance safety under hazardous road conditions.</div>
Phosphoramidate Protides of 2′,3′‐Dideoxy‐3′‐fluoroadenosine and Related Nucleosides with Potent Activity Against HIV and HBV. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
SAW filters for radio communication systems (2003)

A review is presented of full-custom SAW (surface-acoustic-wave) components for radio systems, e.g., for cordless telephone, mobile radio, digital radio relay, satellite radio, and spread-spectrum communication. Design, results and applications are discussed, including the comparison with alternative filter techniques. Low-loss filters are presented with insertion losses down to 2 dB; bandpass filters with ripples less than 0.1 dB and 1 degrees , and stopband rejections better than 60 dB; delay lines up to 2.5 GHz; SAW oscillators at a fundamental of 2 GHz with phase noise of 100 dBc/Hz; and SAW convolvers with about -60 dBm efficiency and 160 MHz bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How a bottom‐dweller beats the canopy: inhibition of an aquatic weed (<i>Potamogeton pectinatus</i>) by macroalgae (<i>Chara</i> spp.) (2010)

Summary 1. Bottom‐dwelling charophytes have been observed to replace canopy‐forming pondweeds within a few years in de‐eutrophied shallow lakes. Competition for bicarbonate (HCO 3 − ) may explain this shift in vegetation dominance but inhibition of pondweeds by Chara s pp. through direct competition has not been shown experimentally. 2. We tested whether charophytes inhibited growth of fennel pondweed ( Potamogeton pectinatus ) in the absence of belowground competition by growing plants in pots in mesocosms following a replacement series experimental design. To further understand the role of bicarbonate, we studied main and interactive effects of Chara , light and bicarbonate on P. pectinatus growth in a laboratory study. 3. Early in the mesocosm experiment, high charophyte densities had a negative effect on P. pectinatus cover at a time when bicarbonate levels were low. However, bicarbonate levels eventually converged to low levels in all treatments. At final harvest, both species exhibited lower biomasses at higher densities of conspecific pots, indicating that ultimately intraspecific competition was limiting. In a laboratory study, Chara inhibited P. pectinatus the most under a combination of high light and high bicarbonate concentrations, suggesting that Chara may negatively affect P. pectinatus by acting as a general nutrient sink. 4. Our results suggest that Chara growth can reduce bicarbonate levels, delaying but not preventing a P. pectinatus growth pulse. Given the recorded inhibition under ample bicarbonate supply, Chara ’s ability to act as nutrient sink may contribute to the decline of P. pectinatus under Chara recovery in shallow lakes.
Acoustooptic Bragg deflection in LiNbO<sub>3</sub>Ti-diffused waveguides (1975)

A LiNbO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> acoustooptic Bragg deflector utilizing a Ti-diffused optical waveguide and acoustic surface waves, which requires only 50 mW of electrical drive power to obtain 70-percent deflection, has been demonstrated.
Effect of Drying Liquid on Stiction of High Aspect Ratio Structures (2012)

In this paper, we studied stiction behavior of HAR pattern (line and space pattern) dependence on adhesion force with surface tension of drying liquid and surface contact angle. Surface tension effect was evaluated with various drying liquids such as IPA, ethanol and HFE (hydrofluoroether) chemical. Patterns treated by dHF, APM and surface modifier were introduced to investigate dependence of pattern collapse on contact angle. The high temperature D.I. water rinse followed by high temperatures drying using liquid with low surface tension was a most effective. Furthermore, surface modification method using HMDS (hexamethyldisilazane) chemical was also effective.
Effect of respiratory gating on reducing lung motion artifacts in PET imaging of lung cancer (2002)

Positron emission tomography (PET) has shown an increase in both sensitivity and specificity over computed tomography (CT) in lung cancer. However, motion artifacts in the 18F fluorodioxydoglucose (FDG) PET images caused by respiration persists to be an important factor in degrading PET image quality and quantification. Motion artifacts lead to two major effects: First, it affects the accuracy of quantitation, producing a reduction of the measured standard uptake value (SUV). Second, the apparent lesion volume is overestimated. Both impact upon the usage of PET images for radiation treatment planning. The first affects the visibility, or contrast, of the lesion. The second results in an increase in the planning target volume, and consequently a greater radiation dose to the normal tissues. One way to compensate for this effect is by applying a multiple-frame capture technique. The PET data are then acquired in synchronization with the respiratory motion. Reduction in smearing due to gating was investigated in both phantoms and patient studies. Phantom studies showed a dependence of the reduction in smearing on the lesion size, the motion amplitude, and the number of bins used for data acquisition. These studies also showed an improvement in the target-to-background ratio, and a more accurate measurement of the SUV. When applied to one patient, respiratory gating showed a 28% reduction in the total lesion volume, and a 56.5% increase in the SUV. This study was conducted as a proof of principle that a gating technique can effectively reduce motion artifacts in PET image acquisition.
Addressing Complex and Subjective Product-Related Queries with Customer Reviews (2016)

Online reviews are often our first port of call when considering products and purchases online. When evaluating a potential purchase, we may have a specific query in mind, e.g. `will this baby seat fit in the overhead compartment of a 747?' or `will I like this album if I liked Taylor Swift's 1989?'. To answer such questions we must either wade through huge volumes of consumer reviews hoping to find one that is relevant, or otherwise pose our question directly to the community via a Q/A system.
Research and Improvement of Search Engine Based on Lucene (2009)

Lucene is currently and has been for a few years, the most popular free Java full-text retrieval library. Firstly, this article analyzes Lucence system structure, indexing mechanism, searching mechanism; secondly, it studies the sorting technology and how to adjust indexing performance; finally, the article presents a new retrieval sorting algorithm.