gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two-pixel computer-generated hologram with a zero-twist nematic liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (2000)

We present a method of producing a computer-generated hologram by use of a zero-twist linear nematic liquid-crystal spatial light modulator. A 2x1 macro pixel method is used; one pixel represents the real data, and one, the imaginary. A method is shown that produces both positive and negative analog amplitude modulation.
Hydrothermal Synthesis of Kaolinite (2007)

Kaolinite [] was successfully synthesized by a hydrothermal process from amorphous and at under the pressure of . The experiments were performed varying temperatures (), pressure (), chemistry () and pH () of the solution. The autoclaving was carried out in a closed stainless steel vessel. Kaolinite appears from the starting composition of with boehmite and was stable as a single phase with the composition of . Boehmite was a stable phase below for the 240 h period of autoclaving, but kaolinite appeared even in 20 h at . The single kaolinite phase of a good crystallinity was observed at pH ranging 2 to 6. That indicates that pH is one of the most critical parameters for the successful formation of kaolinite. The optimal molar ratio of to was determined to be 0.45. The XRD pattern of the synthesized kaolinite coincided with that of natural one and its morphology was the cluster type of the kaolinite crystals (diameter = ), irrespective of starting material, composition and temperature.
High Speed Computer Switching Circuits (1962)

The paper traces the growth of modern high speed computer circuits using vacuum tubes and semiconductor devices and discusses the inherent speed limitations of the devices and the systems utilizing these devices. Methods are discussed to improve the switching performances of the transistors and analysis of the results obtained and the limitations introduced by various transistor parameters are discussed. Design criteria and experimental results are also given for the current switching circuits. In the end, comparison is made of this system with other existing types of circuits.
Enabling Contactless Detection of Moving Humans with Dynamic Speeds Using CSI (2018)

Device-free passive detection is an emerging technology to detect whether there exist any moving entities in the areas of interest without attaching any device to them. It is an essential primitive for a broad range of applications including intrusion detection for safety precautions, patient monitoring in hospitals, child and elder care at home, and so forth. Despite the prevalent signal feature Received Signal Strength (RSS), most robust and reliable solutions resort to a finer-grained channel descriptor at the physical layer, e.g., the Channel State Information (CSI) in the 802.11n standard. Among a large body of emerging techniques, however, few of them have explored the full potential of CSI for human detection. Moreover, space diversity supported by nowadays popular multiantenna systems are not investigated to a comparable extent as frequency diversity. In this article, we propose a novel scheme for device-free PAssive Detection of moving humans with dynamic Speed (PADS). Both full information (amplitude and phase) of CSI and space diversity across multiantennas in MIMO systems are exploited to extract and shape sensitive metrics for accuracy and robust target detection. We prototype PADS on commercial WiFi devices, and experiment results in different scenarios demonstrate that PADS achieves great performance improvement in spite of dynamic human movements.
Factors influencing the temperature-programmed reduction profiles of vanadium pentoxide (1984)

The temperature-programmed reduction (t.p.r.) of bulk V2O5 has been examined as part of a study of the reducibility of V2O5-containing catalysts. T.p.r. profiles have been studied as a function of flow rate, heating rate and sample weight. From experiments at different flow rates it is concluded that the order of the reduction rate in hydrogen is low or even zero. A rule of thumb has been derived to provide an easy check on possible exhaustion of hydrogen in the feed. The influence of sample weight and heating rate is explained in terms of the formation of water in the sample during reduction. The reduction of bulk V2O5 to V2O3 proceeds in several steps; intermediate species include V6O13 and VO2. The apparent activation energy of ca. 200 kJ mol–1 indicates that solid-state diffusion influences the reduction process of V2O5.
Identifying Leaders for Urban Charter, Autonomous and Independent Schools: Above and Beyond the Standards (2013)

Citation (2013), "Identifying Leaders for Urban Charter, Autonomous and Independent Schools: Above and Beyond the Standards", Hughes, K.B. and Silva, S.A.M. (Ed.) Identifying Leaders for Urban Charter, Autonomous and Independent Schools: Above and Beyond the Standards (Advances in Educational Administration, Vol. 18), Emerald Group Publishing Limited, Bingley, p. i. https://doi.org/10.1108/S1479-3660(2013)0000018020 Publisher: Emerald Group Publishing Limited Copyright © 2013, Emerald Group Publishing Limited Book Chapters Identifying Leaders for Urban Charter, Autonomous and Independent Schools: Above and Beyond the Standards Advances in Educational Administration Advances in Educational Administration Copyright Page List of Contributors Dedications Acknowledgments Foreword Preface: Our Rather Circuitous Journey Introduction: YouthBuild Charter School of California (YCSC): Building an Innovative School Model from the Ground Up The New Reality for Charter and Autonomous School Leaders Dancing with Data: Purposeful Decision-Making for Charter Leaders Charter Schools: Potential to Fulfill the Goals of Public Education in an Equitable Manner and Better Serve Purposes of Social Justice Teacher Agency in Charter Settings Curriculum and Instruction: A Recipe for Improved Student Outcomes Operations and Finance: Keeping a Pulse on the Backbone of your Organization Building a Culture of Collaboration in Charter and Autonomous School Settings: Alignment Between Purpose, Problems, People, and Potential Educational Leaders and Ethical Decision Making in Urban Charter Schools Instructional Leadership Regarding Law and Politics Easing the Tension: Considerations for Aligning Charter Law with Federal Regulations for Students with Special Needs Charter Schools Best Practices Conclusion: So, what's Next? Appendix: ISLLC Standards About the Authors Author Index Subject Index
Model-based compression of nonstationary landmark shape sequences (2008)

We have proposed a novel model-based compression technique for nonstationary landmark shape data extracted from video sequences. The main goal is to develop a technique for the compact storage of landmark shape data. We use nonstationary shape activity (NSSA) to model the shape sequences. The shape data is encoded by applying differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) on the shape velocity coefficients under the NSSA model. We have studied the system performance in terms of compressibility-distortion trade off. NSSA based compression technique has been compared with two other methods based on existing shape modeling techniques namely, stationary shape activity (SSA) and active shape model (ASM). We tested our system with landmark shape data extracted from multiple video sequences of the CMU mocap database. It was found that NSSA outperforms both SSA and ASM in terms of compressibility for a given distortion tolerance. Thus NSSA based compression technique could be very useful in the applications like storage of large volumes of biomedical landmarks' data.
Separation of sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate by ion chromatography with gradient elution (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation of sulfite, sulfate, and thiosulfate by ion chromatography with gradient elutionThomas. Sunden, Mats. Lindgren, Anders. Cedergren, and Darryl D. SiemerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1983, 55, 1, 2–4Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00252a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00252a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1518Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Efficient Preparation of (<i>R</i>*,<i>R</i>*)-1,2-Dicyclohexylethane-1,2-diol, a Superior Chiral Director for Synthesis with Boronic Esters (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTAn Efficient Preparation of (R*,R*)-1,2-Dicyclohexylethane-1,2-diol, a Superior Chiral Director for Synthesis with Boronic EstersWilliam C. Hiscox and Donald S. MattesonView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164-4630 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 23, 8315–8316Publication Date (Web):November 15, 1996Publication History Received15 July 1996Published online15 November 1996Published inissue 15 November 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961337fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961337fbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views917Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Hydrogenation,Organic compounds,Oxides,Rhodium Get e-Alerts
Aging of the human neuromuscular system (2001)

Loss of cells from the motor system occurs during the normal aging process, leading to reduction in the complement of motor neurons and muscle fibers. The latter age-related decrease in muscle mass has been termed "sarcopenia" and is often combined with the detrimental effects of a sedentary lifestyle in older adults, leading to a significant reduction in reserve capacity of the neuromuscular system, which is the primary subject of this review. Clear evidence of this aging effect is seen when voluntary or stimulated muscle strength is compared across the adult lifespan, with a steady decline of approximately 1-2% per year occurring after the sixth decade. Interestingly, when compared with isometric contractions, the effect of aging is more pronounced for concentric movements and less for eccentric movements (i.e., muscle shortening versus lengthening). This phenomenon appears to be linked to the stiffer muscle structures and prolonged myosin crossbridge cycles of aged muscles. It is encouraging that the capability of physiological adaptations in the motor pathways remains into very old age--when an appropriate exercise stimulus is given--and long-term prevention strategies are advocated to avoid excessive physical impairments and activity restrictions in this age group.
Examining collaborative query reformulation (2014)

Users often reformulate or modify their queries when they engage in searching information particularly when the search task is complex and exploratory. This paper investigates query reformulation behavior in collaborative tourism information searching on the Web. A user study was conducted with 17 pairs of participants and each pair worked as a team collaboratively on an exploratory travel search task in two scenarios. We analyzed users' collaborative query (CQ) reformulation behavior in two dimensions: firstly, CQ reformulation strategies; and secondly, the effect of individual queries and chat logs on CQ reformulation. The findings show that individual queries and chat logs were two major sources of query terms in CQ reformulation. The statistical results demonstrate the significant effect of individual queries on CQ reformulation. We also found that five operations were performed to reformulate the CQs, namely: addition, modification, reordering, addition and modification, and addition and reordering. These findings have implications for the design of query suggestions that could be offered to users during searches using collaborative search tools.
Ein neues Zeitalter des Bank- und Finanzwesens (1996)

Die Finanzwelt erlebte genau um 13.00 Uhr am 5. Juli 1991 ein weltweites moralisches Erdbeben mit dem Kollaps der Bank of Credit and Commerce International (BCCI). Das Epizentrum lag in der City von London, wo die Bank von England der BCCI die Banklizenz entzog, aber das Beben spürte man von den USA bis in den Nahen Osten, von Luxemburg bis Pakistan. Ohne vorherige Warnung sahen sich Bankkunden, Unternehmen, Banken und Regierungsbehörden durch den moralischen Bankrott eines von der Politik hochgelobten Finanzunternehmens dem eigenen wirtschaftlichen Bankrott preisgegeben. Leider waren die strafbaren Handlungen der BCCI nicht der einzige Fall. Die frühen neunziger Jahre brachten weitere finanzielle Umwälzungen mit sich, beispielsweise den Zusammenbruch von Sparkassen und Kreditbanken in den USA, Fehlverhalten hochangesehener Finanzinstitute in Europa und Asien, die Skandale mit wertlosen Anleihen an der Wall Street und die stillschweigende Begünstigung von Waffenlieferungen an Saddam Hussein durch eine italienische Bank. Dies waren nur einige der Auswüchse von Unmoral, die sich über Schuldige und Unschuldige entluden und sie infizierten.
Post-treatment follow-up (2002)

The vigor and frequency of follow-up depends on the risk of recurrence from the primary lesion and, in part, on the philosophy of the following surgeon. If the policy is aggressive retreatment, including operation for all detected recurrences, then follow-up is frequent. However, if there is a reluctance by the patient or surgeon to act on new recurrences in the absence of symptoms, then follow-up, especially with regard to imaging, is much less vigorous. Patients with retroperitoneal and gastrointestinal/visceral sarcomas are usually followed clinically every 3 months for the first 3 years.11 In addition, these patients would undergo abdominopelvic CT scans every 6 months. After 3 years, patients would be followed clinically and by CT scan every 6 months.
Structural FSM Traversal (2004)

This paper discusses a "structural" technique for traversing the state space of a finite state machine (FSM) and its application to equivalence checking of sequential circuits. The key ingredient to a state-space traversal is a data structure to represent state sets. In structural FSM, traversal-state sets are represented noncanonically and implicitly as gate netlists. First, we present an exact algorithm, which is based on an iterative expansion of the FSM into time frames and a network-decomposition procedure serving the same purpose as an existential quantification operation. Then, we discuss approximative algorithms for the application of structural FSM traversal to sequential equivalence checking. We theoretically analyze the properties of the exact as well as the approximative algorithms. Finally, we give details on the implementation of a sequential equivalence checker and present experimental results that demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach for equivalence checking of optimized and retimed circuits.
TNF-α Represses β-Klotho Expression and Impairs FGF21 Action in Adipose Cells: Involvement of JNK1 in the FGF21 Pathway (2012)

Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a member of the FGF family that reduces glycemia and ameliorates insulin resistance. Adipose tissue is a main target of FGF21 action. Obesity is associated with a chronic proinflammatory state. Here, we analyzed the role of proinflammatory signals in the FGF21 pathway in adipocytes, evaluating the effects of TNF-α on β-Klotho and FGF receptor-1 expression and FGF21 action in adipocytes. We also determined the effects of rosiglitazone on β-Klotho and FGF receptor-1 expression in models of proinflammatory signal induction in vitro and in vivo (high-fat diet-induced obesity). Because c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) serves as a sensing juncture for inflammatory status, we also evaluated the involvement of JNK1 in the FGF21 pathway. TNF-α repressed β-Klotho expression and impaired FGF21 action in adipocytes. Rosiglitazone prevented the reduction in β-Klotho expression elicited by TNF-α. Moreover, β-Klotho levels were reduced in adipose tissue from high-fat diet-induced obese mice, whereas rosiglitazone restored β-Klotho to near-normal levels. β-Klotho expression was increased in white fat from JNK1(-/-) mice. The absence of JNK1 increased the responsiveness of mouse embryonic fibroblast-derived adipocytes and brown adipocytes to FGF21. In conclusion, we show that proinflammatory signaling impairs β-Klotho expression and FGF21 responsiveness in adipocytes. We also show that JNK1 activity is involved in modulating FGF21 effects in adipocytes. The impairment in the FGF21 response machinery in adipocytes and the reduction in FGF21 action in response to proinflammatory signals may play important roles in metabolic alterations in obesity and other diseases associated with enhanced inflammation.
Tetraspanins in intercellular adhesion of polarized epithelial cells: spatial and functional relationship to integrins and cadherins (2001)

The subcellular distribution of tetraspanin molecules and their functional relationship with integrins in cell-cell adhesion was studied in detail in different polarized epithelial cell models. CD9, CD81 and CD151 tetraspanins were localized at lateral cell-cell contact sites in a similar distribution to E-cadherin. Interestingly, CD9 was partially localized at the apical microvillae of Madin-Darby canine kidney cells forming multimolecular complexes distinct from those found on the basolateral membrane, suggesting the coexistence of differential tetraspanin webs with different subcellular localization. We found that tetraspanin-associated beta1 integrins at cell-to-cell contacts were in a low-affinity conformational state, and that their localization at intercellular contacts was independent of cadherin expression and adhesion. Furthermore, integrin-tetraspanin complexes were functionally relevant in cell-cell adhesion in a cadherin-independent manner, without requiring a conformational change of the integrin moiety. Nevertheless, the integrin alpha3beta1 was ligand-binding competent and this binding did not disrupt association to tetraspanins. Moreover, Chinese hamster ovary cells treated with anti-tetraspanin mAbs or activatory anti-beta1 integrin mAbs were able to develop tubule-like structures. Together, these data support tetraspanin association as a new regulatory mechanism of integrin function and suggest a role for tetraspanins-integrin complexes in providing the cell with the spatial cues necessary for their proper polarization.
Investigating image super resolution techniques: What to choose? (2012)

Super resolution image reconstruction refers to a process of creating a high resolution image from a single or multiple low resolution image(s). The main goal is to extract the useful information or required image details. Several super resolution reconstruction techniques have been proposed, which can be mainly divided into two families: (1) Multi image super resolution (2) Single image super resolution. In this paper we present comprehensive overview of the well known super resolution techniques for both mentioned families. We also discuss the recent developments, some applications of super resolution, simulation results and the future research challenges. We conducted several experiments on different images for the purpose of their quantitative and qualitative comparison.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Optimization of Cyclic Sulfonamide Based Novel HIV‐1 Protease Inhibitors to Picomolar Affinities Guided by X‐Ray Crystallographic Analysis. (2014)

Abstract Novel cyclic sulfonamide‐based inhibitors of HIV‐1 protease are designed, synthesis and evaluated for their activity.
A Novel Cutter Path Planning Approach to High Speed Machining (2006)

Computer-Aided Design and Applications is an international journal on the applications of CAD and CAM. It publishes papers in the general domain of CAD plus in emerging fields like bio-CAD, nano-CAD, soft-CAD, garment-CAD, PLM, PDM, CAD data mining, CAD and the internet, CAD education, genetic algorithms and CAD engines. The journal is aimed at all developers and users of CAD technology to ptovide CAD solutions for various stages of design and manufacturing. The journal publishes all about Computer-Aided Design and Computer-Aided technologies.
A low-voltage MOS cascode current mirror for all current levels (2003)

In this paper, we describe a simple low-voltage MOS cascode current mirror that functions well at all current levels, ranging from weak inversion to strong inversion. The circuit features a wide output voltage swing and requires an input voltage of approximately one diode drop plus a saturation voltage. We present experimental results from a version of the current mirror that was fabricated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS process along with a comparison with several other current mirrors with respect both to required input voltage and to output compliance voltage.
Parallelism and concurrency control performance in distributed database machines (1989)

While several distributed (or 'shared nothing') database machines exist in the form of prototypes or commercial products, and a number of distributed concurrency control algorithms are available, the effect of parallelism on concurrency control performance has received little attention. This paper examines the interplay between parallelism and transaction performance in a distributed database machine context. Four alternative concurrency control algorithms are considered, including two-phase locking, wound-wait, basic timestamp ordering, and optimistic concurrency control. Issues addressed include how performance scales as a function of machine size and the degree to which partitioning the database for intra-transaction parallelism improves performance for the different algorithms. We examine performance from several perspectives, including response time, throughput, and speedup, and we do so over a fairly wide range of system loads. We also examine the performance impact of certain important overhead factors (e.g., communication and process initiation costs) on the four alternative concurrency control algorithms.