gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced in Vitro and in Vivo Performance of Mg–Zn–Y–Nd Alloy Achieved with APTES Pretreatment for Drug-Eluting Vascular Stent Application (2016)

Bioabsorbable magnesium alloys are becoming prominent as temporary functional implants, as they avoid the risks generated by permanent metallic implants such as persistent inflammation and late restenosis. Nevertheless, the overfast corrosion of Mg alloys under physiological conditions hinders their wider application as medical implant materials. Here we investigate a simple one-step process to introduce a cross-linked 3-amino-propyltrimethoxysilane (APTES) silane physical barrier layer on the surface of Mg-Zn-Y-Nd alloys prior to electrostatic spraying with rapamycin-eluting poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) layer. Surface microstructure was characterized by scanning electron microscope and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Nanoscratch test verified the superior adhesion strength of PLGA coating in the group pretreated with APTES. Electrochemical tests combined with long-term immersion results suggested that the preferable in vitro anticorrosion behavior could be achieved by dense APTES barrier. Cell morphology and proliferation data demonstrated that APTES pretreated group resulted in remarkably preferable compatibility for both human umbilical vein endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells. On the basis of excellent in vitro mechenical property, the animal study on the APTES pretreated Mg-Zn-Y-Nd stent implanted into porcine coronary arteries confirmed benign tissue compatibility as well as re-endothelialization without thrombogenesis or in-stent restenosis at six-month followup.
A Multivariate Semi-Circle Control Chart for Variables Data (2008)

Chao and Cheng [1, 2] proposed a single control chart, Semi-Circle chart, for variables data which deals with univariate situation. In this paper we extend it to multivariate case. We will show its rationale; study its average run length and illustrate it with an example.
DNA cassettes containing the origin of transfer (oriT) of two broad-host-range transfer systems. (1992)

Plasmid constructs are described that carry retrievable DNA cassettes containing the origin of transfer region (oriT) from two broad-host-range plasmids. Restriction of these high copy number plasmids with any one of a variety of enzymes yields a linear DNA fragment of convenient size containing the oriT region of either pCUI or RK2. This DNA can be ligated into any vector or recombinant plasmid containing a compatible enzyme site and can be easily identified by size on an agarose gel. Any plasmid can therefore be mobilized using a number of helper strains or conjugative plasmids derived from the parental plasmids. In addition, the cassettes can be used for a variety of genetic manipulations including "selectable" linker mutagenesis.
Graphene-Based Topological Insulator with an Intrinsic Bulk Band Gap above Room Temperature (2013)

Topological insulators (TIs) represent a new quantum state of matter characterized by robust gapless states inside the insulating bulk gap. The metallic edge states of a two-dimensional (2D) TI, known as the quantum spin Hall (QSH) effect, are immune to backscattering and carry fully spin-polarized dissipationless currents. However, existing 2D TIs realized in HgTe and InAs/GaSb suffer from small bulk gaps (<10 meV) well below room temperature, thus limiting their application in electronic and spintronic devices. Here, we report a new 2D TI comprising a graphene layer sandwiched between two Bi2Se3 slabs that exhibits a large intrinsic bulk band gap of 30-50 meV, making it viable for room-temperature applications. Distinct from previous strategies for enhancing the intrinsic spin-orbit coupling effect of the graphene lattice, the present graphene-based TI operates on a new mechanism of strong inversion between graphene Dirac bands and Bi2Se3 conduction bands. Strain engineering leads to effective control and substantial enhancement of the bulk gap. Recently reported synthesis of smooth graphene/Bi2Se3 interfaces demonstrates the feasibility of experimental realization of this new 2D TI structure, which holds great promise for nanoscale device applications.
Relation of ventilatory impairment and of chronic mucus hypersecretion to mortality from obstructive lung disease and from all causes. (1990)

The relation of ventilatory impairment and chronic mucus hypersecretion to death from all causes and death from obstructive lung disease (chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma) was studied in 13,756 men and women randomly selected from the general population of the City of Copenhagen. During the 10 year follow up 2288 subjects died. In 164 subjects obstructive lung disease was considered to be an underlying or a contributory cause of death (obstructive lung disease related death); in 73 subjects it was considered to be the underlying cause of death (obstructive lung disease death). Forced expiratory volume in one second, expressed as a percentage of the predicted value (FEV1% pred), and the presence of chronic phlegm were used to characterise ventilatory function and chronic mucus hypersecretion respectively. For mortality analysis the proportional hazards regression model of Cox was used; it included age, sex, pack years, inhalation habit, body mass index, alcohol consumption, and the presence or absence of asthma, heart disease, and diabetes mellitus as confounding factors. By comparison with subjects with an FEV1 of 80% pred or more, subjects with an FEV1 below 40% pred had increased risk of dying from all causes (relative risk (RR) = 5.0 for women, 2.7 for men), a higher risk of obstructive lung disease related death (RR = 57 for women, 34 for men), and a higher risk of obstructive lung disease death (RR = 101 for women, 77 for men). Chronic mucus hypersecretion was associated with only a slightly higher risk of death from all causes (RR = 1.1 for women, 1.3 for men). The association between chronic mucus hypersecretion and obstructive lung disease death varied with the level of ventilatory function, being weak in subjects with normal ventilatory function (for an FEV1 of 80% pred the RR was 1.2), but more pronounced in subjects with reduced ventilatory function (for an FEV1 of 40% pred the RR was 4.2). A similar though statistically non-significant trend was observed with regard to obstructive lung disease related death. This study shows that impaired lung function is very strongly related to total mortality, obstructive lung disease related mortality, and obstructive lung disease mortality and suggests that chronic mucus hypersecretion, in those with impaired ventilatory function, is also a significant risk factor for death from obstructive lung disease.
Percutaneous intravascular US as adjunct to catheter-based interventions: preliminary experience in patients with peripheral vascular disease. (1990)

Catheter-based ultrasound (US) transducers may be introduced into the vascular system to record high-resolution images of the vessel wall and lumen. The potential advantages and existing liabilities of percutaneous intravascular US as an adjunct to transluminal vascular recanalization were investigated. A 6.6-F braided, polyethylene catheter enclosing a rotary drive shaft with a single-element, 20-MHz transducer at the distal tip was used in 17 patients undergoing percutaneous transluminal (balloon) angioplasty (PTA) alone (10 patients), PTA with implantation of an endovascular stent (two patients), atherectomy alone (two patients), or laser angioplasty with PTA and/or atherectomy (three patients). The arteries treated and examined included the common iliac in five patients, the external iliac in two, the superficial femoral in nine, and a vein graft-arterial anastomosis in one. In 14 cases PTA was employed as sole or adjunctive therapy; plaque cracks were clearly delineated with intravascular US in all 14 (100%) and dissections were observed in 11 (78%). Plaque-arterial wall disruption was less prominent in the arteries treated with mechanical atherectomy. The results of laser angioplasty reflected the adjunctive modality employed. After stent implantation, serial intravascular US documented effacement of PTA-induced plaque cracks and/or dissections. Intravascular US also aided in the quantitative assessment of luminal cross-sectional areas after the procedures (19.0-51.8 mm2). The observations recorded in this preliminary group of 17 patients illustrate the potential utility of intravascular US as an adjunct to conventional angiography in patients undergoing percutaneous revascularization.
Numbers and distribution of Northern Lapwings<i>Vanellus vanellus</i>breeding in England and Wales in 1998 (2001)

This paper presents the results of the BTO/RSPB survey of breeding Northern Lapwings Vanellus vanellus in England and Wales carried out in 1998.Numbers of breeding Lapwings and land-use types were recorded by volunteers in 1312 randomly selected tetrads using identical methods to those adopted in a previous survey in 1987.The results suggest a population of 62 923 breeding pairs (95% confidence intervals 55 268 to 74 499), representing a 49% decline in 11 years.The declines were greatest in southwest England and Wales, resulting in a marked contraction in range.Both arable and pastoral farmland was found to be important for Lapwings, highlighting their vulnerability to changes in a range of agricultural systems.Recent major changes in land management practices, including the switch from spring to autumn sowing and the conversion of rough to intensively managed, improved grassland is likely to have reduced both the area and the suitability of these habitats for Lapwings.Grassland within arable areas is known to provide important chick rearing habitat, and spring tillage with adjacent grassland was significantly more likely to hold Lapwings than spring tillage that did not abut grass fields.The prevalence of grass and spring tillage fields in close proximity has declined in recent years with the loss of traditional mixed farming and the polarization of pastoral systems in the west of Britain and arable in the east.The implications of these results for the conservation of Lapwings are discussed and it is recommended that, in the light of the scale of the decline recorded, Lapwings should be afforded much higher conservation priority in Britain than they are at present.The range contraction has resulted in high numbers being concentrated on reserves, highlighting the importance of sensitive management of these areas for this species.However, wider countryside measures should also be considered, such as specific options within agri-environment schemes, designed to enhance farmland habitats for Lapwings.
Silicon Carbide Monofilament‐Reinforced Silicon Nitride or Silicon Carbide Matrix Composites (1989)

SiC‐monofilament‐reinforced SiC or Si 3 N 4 matrix composites were fabricated by hot‐pressing, and their mechanical properties and effects of filaments and filament coating layers were studied. Relationships between frictional stress of filament/matrix interface and fracture toughness of SiC monofilament/Si 3 N 4 matrix composites were also investigated. As a result, it was confirmed experimentally that in the case of composites fractured with filament pullout, the fracture toughness increased as the frictional stress increased. On the other hand, when frictional stress was too large (>about 80 MPa) for the filament to be pulled out, fracture toughnesses of the composites were almost the same and not so much improved over that of Si 3 N 4 monolithic ceramics. The filament coating layers were found to have a significant effect on the frictional stress of the SiC monofilament/Si 3 N 4 matrix interface and consequently the fracture toughness of the composites. Also the crack propagation behavior in the SiC monofilament/Si 3 N 4 matrix composites was observed during flexural loading and cyclic loading tests by an in situ observation apparatus consisting of an SEM and a bending machine. The filament effect which obstructed crack propagation was clearly observed. Fatigue crack growth was not detected after 300 cyclic load applications.
Tangent Prop - A formalism for specifying selected invariances in an adaptive network (1991)

In many machine learning applications, one has access, not only to training data, but also to some high-level a priori knowledge about the desired behavior of the system. For example, it is known in advance that the output of a character recognizer should be invariant with respect to small spatial distortions of the input images (translations, rotations, scale changes, etcetera).

We have implemented a scheme that allows a network to learn the derivative of its outputs with respect to distortion operators of our choosing. This not only reduces the learning time and the amount of training data, but also provides a powerful language for specifying what generalizations we wish the network to perform.
Synthesis of Methylpyridine Derivatives. XIII (1960)

Two kinds of 2-alkyl-2-picolylmalonate (Ia and Ib), and two kinds of 2-alkyl 2-lutidylmalonate (Ic and Id) were prepared by condensation of diethyl 2-methyl- or 2-ethylmalonate and ω-chloro-2-picoline or ω-chloro-2, 6-lutidine. Treatment of these compounds with urea or thiourea afforded the corresponding barbituric acid derivatives (IIa to IId) or thiobarbituric acid derivatives (IIIa to IIId). Reaction of the latter compounds (IIIa to IIId) with Raney nickel gave the corresponding dioxo-hexahydropyrimidine derivatives (IVa to IVd). These 12 kinds of new compound did not show the anticipated hypnotic action but some of them showed sedative or stimulating activity.
Supplementary feeding of goats during lactation (1996)

Twenty-four does each of Sirohi, Marwari and Kutchi breeds were divided into four groups and supplemented with 0, 150, 300 or 450 g/head/day concentrate mixture in addition to browsing on available range land during first 150 days of lactation. Sirohi does maintained but Marwari and Kutchi lost their liveweights under no supplementation group. However, the does of the three breeds showed increase in the liveweights with the increasing level of concentrate supplementation. Sirohi, Marwari and Kutchi does produced 84.4, 89.1 and 94.3 kg with no supplementation, 98.6, 96.1 and 93.2 kg with 150 g concentrate and 109.0, 106.4 and 101.1 kg milk with 450 g/head/day concentrate supplementation respectively during 150 days of lactation indicating that the milk yield increased with the increasing level of concentrate upto 300 g in Marwari and Kutchi and upto 450 g in Sirohi does. It was concluded that the lactating does of the three breeds should be supplemented with 300 g/head/day concentrate mixture of given composition upto five months of lactation for optimum milk production.
Effect of Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor on Circulating CD8+ and CD4+ T-Cell Responses to a Multipeptide Melanoma Vaccine: Outcome of a Multicenter Randomized Trial (2009)

High immune response rates for this multipeptide vaccine were achieved, but CD8+ and CD4+ T-cell responses were lower when administered with GM-CSF. These data challenge the value of local GM-CSF as a vaccine adjuvant in humans.
Magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers (1996)

Ferromagnetic materials exhibit intrinsic `easy' and `hard' directions of the magnetization. This magnetic anisotropy is, from both a technological and fundamental viewpoint one of the most important properties of magnetic materials. The magnetic anisotropy in metallic magnetic multilayers forms the subject of this review article. As individual layers in a multilayer stack become thinner, the role of interfaces and surfaces may dominate that of the bulk: this is the case in many magnetic multilayers, where a perpendicular interface contribution to the magnetic anisotropy is capable of rotating the easy magnetization direction from in the film plane to perpendicular to the film plane. In this review, we show that the (in-plane) volume and (perpendicular) interface contribution to the magnetic anisotropy have been separated into terms related to mechanical stresses, crystallographic structure and the planar shape of the films. In addition, the effect of roughness, often inherent to the deposition techniques used, has been addressed theoretically. Several techniques to prepare multilayers and to characterize their growth as well as methods to determine the magnetic anisotropy are discussed. A comprehensive survey of experimental studies on the perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers containing Fe, Co or Ni is presented and commented on. Two major subjects of this review are the extrinsic effects of strain, roughness and interdiffusion and the intrinsic effect of the crystallographic orientation on the magnetic anisotropy. Both effects are investigated with the help of some dedicated experimental studies. The results of the orientational dependence studies are compared with ab initio calculations. Finally, the perpendicular surface anisotropy and the in-plane step anisotropy are discussed.
Amphiphysin 2 (Bin1) and T-Tubule Biogenesis in Muscle (2002)

In striated muscle, the plasma membrane forms tubular invaginations (transverse tubules or T-tubules) that function in depolarization-contraction coupling. Caveolin-3 and amphiphysin were implicated in their biogenesis. Amphiphysin isoforms have a putative role in membrane deformation at endocytic sites. An isoform of amphiphysin 2 concentrated at T-tubules induced tubular plasma membrane invaginations when expressed in nonmuscle cells. This property required exon 10, a phosphoinositide-binding module. In developing myotubes, amphiphysin 2 and caveolin-3 segregated in tubular and vesicular portions of the T-tubule system, respectively. These findings support a role of the bilayer-deforming properties of amphiphysin at T-tubules and, more generally, a physiological role of amphiphysin in membrane deformation.
Characterization and selective inhibition of myristoyl-CoA:protein <i>N</i>-myristoyltransferase from <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> and <i>Leishmania major</i> (2006)

The eukaryotic enzyme NMT (myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase) has been characterized in a range of species from Saccharomyces cerevisiae to Homo sapiens. NMT is essential for viability in a number of human pathogens, including the fungi Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans, and the parasitic protozoa Leishmania major and Trypanosoma brucei. We have purified the Leishmania and T. brucei NMTs as active recombinant proteins and carried out kinetic analyses with their essential fatty acid donor, myristoyl-CoA and specific peptide substrates. A number of inhibitory compounds that target NMT in fungal species have been tested against the parasite enzymes in vitro and against live parasites in vivo. Two of these compounds inhibit TbNMT with IC50 values of <1 microM and are also active against mammalian parasite stages, with ED50 (the effective dose that allows 50% cell growth) values of 16-66 microM and low toxicity to murine macrophages. These results suggest that targeting NMT could be a valid approach for the development of chemotherapeutic agents against infectious diseases including African sleeping sickness and Nagana.
Quinone-Enhanced Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Xanthine/Xanthine Oxidase (2009)

The quinones 1,4-naphthoquinone, methyl-1,4-naphthoquinone, tetramethyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,3-dimethoxy-5-methyl-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,6-dimethylbenzoquinone, 2,6-dimethoxybenzoquinone, and 9,10-phenanthraquinone enhance the rate of nitric oxide reduction by xanthine/xanthine oxidase in nitrogen-saturated phosphate buffer (pH 7.4). Maximum initial rates of NO reduction (V(max)) and the amount of nitrous oxide produced after 5 min of reaction increase with quinone one- and two-electron redox potentials measured in acetonitrile. One of the most active quinones of those studied is 9,10-phenanthraquinone with a V(max) value 10 times larger than that corresponding to the absence of quinone, under the conditions of this work. Because NO production is enhanced under hypoxia and under certain pathological conditions, the observations obtained in this work are very relevant to such conditions.
Proteasome Regulates the Delivery of LDL Receptor-related Protein into the Degradation Pathway (2002)

The low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-related protein (LRP) is a multiligand endocytic receptor that has broad cellular and physiological functions. Previous studies have shown that both tyrosine-based and di-leucine motifs within the LRP cytoplasmic tail are responsible for mediating its rapid endocytosis. Little is known, however, about the mechanism by which LRP is targeted for degradation. By examining both endogenous full-length and a minireceptor form of LRP, we found that proteasomal inhibitors, MG132 and lactacystin, prolong the cellular half-life of LRP. The presence of proteasomal inhibitors also significantly increased the level of LRP at the cell surface, suggesting that the delivery of LRP to the degradation pathway was blocked at a compartment from which recycling of the receptor to the cell surface still occurred. Immunoelectron microscopy analyses demonstrated a proteasomal inhibitor-dependent reduction in LRP minireceptor within both limiting membrane and internal vesicles of the multivesicular bodies, which are compartments that lead to receptor degradation. In contrast to the growth hormone receptor, we found that the initial endocytosis of LRP minireceptor does not require a functional ubiquitin-proteasome system. Finally, using truncated cytoplasmic mutants of LRP minireceptors, we found that a region of 19 amino acids within the LRP tail is required for proteasomal regulation. Taken together our results provide strong evidence that the cellular turnover of a cargo receptor, i.e., LRP, is regulated by the proteasomal system, suggesting a broader function of the proteasome in regulating the trafficking of receptors into the degradation pathway.
Coherency Hub Design for Multi-Node Victoria Falls Server Systems (2008)

This paper describes the design of a coherency hub ASIC for a 4-socket highly-threaded multiprocessor using Sun's Victoria Falls processor. Victoria Falls is an 8-core CMT processor in the Niagara family, with 8 threads per core and a shared L2 cache. The coherency hub, named Zambezi, enables cost-effective scaling to 4 sockets with a total thread count of 256 and near-linear performance scaling on transaction processing workloads. Extending a 2-socket "glueless" system to a 4-socket system with no change to the processor was a key requirement. Zambezi broadcasts snoop requests to all nodes (i.e. sockets), serializes requests to the same address, and consolidates snoop responses. The hub communicates with each node via point-to-point serial links, using a proprietary data link layer implemented over an FBDIMM PHY. In this paper, we summarize the ASIC micro-architecture and coherency scheme, highlight how we addressed the engineering challenges we faced, and report performance scalability results we achieved on key commercial server benchmarks. Conflicting constraints (800 MHz operation and a 6-stage pipeline budget) presented the primary challenge to architecture, design and layout.
The study of biominerals by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. (1986)

This paper presents an overview of the study of the ultrastructure of biogenic inorganic solids (biominerals) using high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). A range of biominerals have been studied including iron oxides, calcium phosphates, calcium carbonates and silica. The studies have revealed information concerning the structural complexity of these materials and have identified crystallographic order and disorder at the nanometre level. In addition, the results have aided the elucidation of the mechanisms of nucleation and growth of biogenic minerals.