gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo studies of Gd‐DTPA‐monoclonal antibody and gd‐porphyrins: Potential magnetic resonance imaging contrast agents for melanoma (2001)

New tumor-specific contrast agents for clinical imaging and therapy for cancer are required. To this end Gd-H (Gd-hematoporphyrin), Gd-TCP (Gd-tetra-carboranylmethoxyphenyl-porphyrin), Gd-DTPA-WM53, and Gd-DTPA-9.2.27 were synthesized and administered by systemic injection to nude mice with human melanoma (MM-138) xenografts. The biodistribution T1 relaxation times and magnetic resonance (MR) image signal enhancement of the contrast agents are presented for the first time and compared for each group of five mice. A change (20%) in T1 relaxation times of water in human melanoma tumor xenografts was revealed 24 hours after injection of the labeled immunoconjugate Gd-DTPA-9.2.27. The percent of injected antibody or gadolinium that localized to the tumor was measured by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES) to be approximately 35%. A higher concentration of gadolinium was achieved compared with nonspecific compounds, indicating selective delivery of Gd-DTPA-9.2.27 to the melanoma xenografts. Porphyrin-based contrast agents (Gd-H and Gd-TCP) also showed significant uptake in melanomas. The uptake of Gd-TCP by the tumor was sufficient to deliver boron atoms into the tumor, making possible dual use for both MR imaging (MRI) and boron neutron capture therapy (BNCT). The linear relationship found between the paramagnetic contribution to the relaxation rates and contrast agent concentration allows quantitative studies of paramagnetic contrast agent uptake.
Understanding hypovolaemic, cardiogenic and septic shock (2007)

Shock is a complex physiological syndrome. If it is not detected and treated promptly, it can lead to death. This article reviews and summarises the latest findings, treatment and nursing and medical interventions for three of the most common forms of shock, namely, hypovolaemic, cardiogenic and septic shock.
Exchange of trace elements at the sediment-water interface during early diagenesis processes (1995)

The exchange processes at the sediment-water interface can significantly influence the transport of trace contaminants in a river. In order to investigate the importance of these processes in the tidal part of the River Elbe, a laboratory 'simulation' apparatus (LABOSI) was used that allows the incubation of undisturbed sediment cores with a relatively large area (1700 cm²) in a closed system under defined conditions (temperature, pH, pE, etc.). Together with measured depth profiles of the pore-water and the solids of the incubated cores before and after the experiment, this method allows all relevant processes to be investigated in all three phases (sediment, overlying water, gas) simultaneously. Under oxic conditions, a flux of heavy metals (Cu, Cd , Zn) into the water phase was observed as a result of the mineralization of organic matter in the thin oxic layer of the sediment (thickness about 3 mm) as well as a flux of manganese caused by diffusion from deeper anoxic layers. Up to 40% of Cd, Zn and Ni and 15% of Zn deposited in the sediment by settling of contaminated suspended particulate matter can be remobilized from the sediment surface by the processes of early diagenesis. Within 14 days, an enrichment of arsenic in the sediment surface caused by diffusion from deeper anoxic layers could be detected. Under anoxic conditions and when the other electron acceptors were consumed, Fe(II) was released and accompanied by a strong remobilization of As, Co and Cr and an accelerated release of Mn(II). This release was soon stopped when the water phase became oxic again, and the trace elements were removed from the water phase by co-precipitation andlor adsorption on the freshly formed hydrous ferric oxides.
A web-based three-dimensional protein retrieval system by matching visual similarity (2005)

A web-based three-dimensional (3D) protein retrieval system is available for protein structure data including all PDB and FSSP dataset. In this system, we use a visual-based matching method to compare the protein structure from multiple viewpoints. It takes less than three seconds for each query with 90% accuracy on an average.
Loudness Judgments on Clicks (1959)

Two groups of experiments were performed to study the ways in which listeners will scale and categorize acoustic clicks of different intensities. The first group of experiments posed to listeners the task of estimating the numerical magnitude of clicks that varied in intensity over an 80-db range. In one experiment a standard click was presented 10 times at the beginning of each test series (81 clicks), in another experiment a standard click was presented before each stimulus, and in a third experiment no standard click was given. In a second series of experiments, the listeners were asked to assign clicks according to their loudness to one of five categories; the intensity ranges covered and the number of stimulus levels varied. The results of the magnitude estimation experiments agree reasonably well with the Stevens scale of loudness L = KI0.3; there is the usual amount of inter- and intra-listener variability. The results reflect to some extent the subjects' peculiarities in the use of numbers. The results of the categorization experiments demonstrate that the assignment of clicks to loudness categories depends not only on the intensity of the particular click which is being judged but also to some extent upon the stimulus ensemble as a whole. [This work was supported in part by the U. S. Army (Signal Corps), the U. S. Air Force (Office of Scientific Research, Air Research and Development Command) and the U. S. Navy (Office of Naval Research).]
Heme arginate: effects on hemostasis (1988)

Hematin, the drug used for acute porphyric attacks, has been shown to cause disturbances in hemostasis, mainly because of its degradation products. Lately a new heme compound, heme arginate, has been developed for the treatment of porphyrias. In experimental animal studies as well as in clinical use it has proved to be well tolerated. To find out whether heme arginate has any effects on hemostasis we have studied a number of parameters of coagulation and fibrinolysis after a heme arginate infusion in seven healthy volunteers. All parameters studied remained practically unchanged except the coagulation factor X, which showed a transient, insignificant decrease during the maximal heme concentration. We believe that the lack of side effects is due to a better stability of heme arginate, the degradation rates being 1% for heme arginate and 61% for hematin in four hours. Our data favor the use of heme arginate in acute porphyrias as well as in other deficiency states of heme.
A Wideband Distributed Amplifier Employing an Envelope Tracking Technique (2013)

This letter presents a wideband distributed amplifier employing an envelope tracking (ET) technique for high efficiency and linearity. By applying the ET technique to the distributed amplifier after linearity optimization, the distributed amplifier's defects such as low output power and low efficiency can be overcome and high efficiency and linearity can be achieved. For verification, the distributed amplifier is designed using two Nitronex NPTB00025 GaN HEMT devices and tested with LTE signals at 2.6 GHz. From the tested results at an average output power of 37 dBm (10 dB back-off power), the proposed circuit shows an adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) below -45 dBc at ±5 MHz offset, with a gain over 14.1 dB and a power-added efficiency (PAE) over 21.9% over a 300 MHz bandwidth.
Construction of an artificial system for ambrein biosynthesis and investigation of some biological activities of ambrein (2020)

Ambergris, a sperm whale metabolite, has long been used as a fragrance and traditional medication, but it is now rarely available. The odor components of ambergris result from the photooxidative degradation of the major component, ambrein. The pharmacological activities of ambergris have also been attributed to ambrein. However, efficient production of ambrein and odor compounds has not been achieved. Here, we constructed a system for the synthesis of ambrein and odor components. First, we created a new triterpene synthase, "ambrein synthase," for mass production of ambrein by redesigning a bacterial enzyme. The ambrein yields were approximately 20 times greater than those reported previously. Next, an efficient photooxidative conversion system from ambrein to a range of volatiles of ambergris was established. The yield of volatiles was 8-15%. Finally, two biological activities, promotion of osteoclast differentiation and prevention of amyloid β-induced apoptosis, were discovered using the synthesized ambrein.
Recent Experience with Wireline Fracture Detection Logs (1981)

ABSTRACT In the last year Shell has extensively cored the fractured Mlssissippian Madison Limestone formation in the Mondak field. The field extends from Richland County, Montana to McKenzie County, North Dakota. In three wells we have recovered over 1500 feet of core which have been analyzed for in situ natural open fractures. In an effort to delineate these fractures using wireline logs, we have run the commercially available logging tools as well as the prototype devices designed to respond to open fractures. In some or all of the three cored wells (depending on availability), we have analyzed the Schlumberger Circumferential Microsonic Tool, the USGS Borehole Acoustic Televiewer, and the Schlumberger Fracture Identification Log. The open natural fractures described in the core are predominately vertical, with a length ranging from several inches to several feet, and a width typically less than a fraction of a millimeter, with occasional fractures 2 millimeters wide. The matrix rock is limestone with porosity of order 3% or less and unstressed, uncorrected air permeabilities less than 0.1 millidarcies. Wells in the field produce from 10 to 250 BOPD from this tight rock. It appears that the fractures are important for production. The paper discusses the mechanism of fracture detection and interpretation for each of the logging tools and compares their response to the core described fractures. We conclude that the currently available fracture detection tools do not adequately identify the fractures observed in the Mondak cores.
High reliability and facet temperature reduction in high-power 0.8-μm Al-free active-region diode lasers (2001)

Al-free active region broad stripe lasers, consisting of an InGaAsP quantum well, InGaP waveguide layers and AlGaAs clad layers, prepared by low-pressure MOVPE have shown excellent long-term reliability and relatively low temperature sensitivity for the wavelength range of 795 - 815 nm, which is suitable for solid-state laser excitation. High bandgap cladding is essential for reducing the electron leakage from the active region. We have measured the facet temperature and its distribution using modulation reflectance method.
Graphene in Light: Design, Synthesis and Applications of Photo‐active Graphene and Graphene‐Like Materials (2013)

Graphene functionalized with photo-active units has become one of the most exciting topics of research in the last few years, which remarkably sustains and expands the graphene boom. The rise of photo-active graphene in photonics and optoelectronics is evidenced by a spate of recent reports on topics ranging from photodetectors, photovoltaics, and optoelectronics to photocatalysis. For these applications, the fabrication of photo-active graphene through appropriate chemical functionalization strategies is essential as pristine graphene has zero bandgap and only weak absorption of photons. Written from the chemists' point of view, up-to-date chemical functionalization of graphene with various small organic molecules, conjugated polymers, rare-earth components, and inorganic semiconductors is reviewed. Particular attention is paid to the development of graphene functionalized with light-harvesting moieties, including materials synthesis, characterization, energy/charge-transfer processes, and applications in photovoltaics. Challenges currently faced by researchers and future perspectives in this field are also discussed.
Preparation of biobased epoxies using tung oil fatty acid-derived C21 diacid and C22 triacid and study of epoxy properties (2013)

In this work, a 21-carbon dicarboxylic acid (C21DA) and a 22-carbon tricarboxylic acid (C22TA) were prepared by the Diels–Alder addition of tung oil fatty acids with acrylic acid and fumaric acid, respectively, and subsequently converted to the corresponding di- and triglycidyl esters. There were no solvents used in the addition and glycidylation reactions. The excess epichlorohydrin used in the latter reaction could be recovered and reused. Furthermore, for the first time, calcium oxide was introduced as a water scavenger in the glycidylation process to effectively avoid the side reactions. The chemical structures of the products were confirmed using 1H NMR, 13C NMR and ESI-MS analyses. The curing behaviors of the di- and triglycidyl esters were studied using differential scanning calorimetry. Flexural, impact and dynamic mechanical properties of the cured resins were also determined. A commercial bisphenol A epoxy DER 332 and an epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) were used as controls in the study. Results indicated that the obtained diglycidyl and triglycidyl esters had overall superior performance to that of ESO for epoxy applications. Particularly, the triglycidyl ester of the C22TA displayed comparable strength, modulus and glass transition temperature to that of DER332.
Almond sticktights contribute to navel orangeworm infestations (1968)

Sticktights that remain in almond trees after harvest serve not only as overwintering sites, but also as the only source of food for the spring generation of the navel orangeworm.
GaAs integrated circuits by selected-area molecular beam epitaxy (1980)

Working GaAs integratted logic elements have been fabricated using selected-area molecular beam epitaxy. Thermally grown native oxides ∼250 Å thick have been used to define regions of single-crystalline device-quality GaAs in a matrix of semi-insulating polycrystalline GaAs. The planarity of this process and the inherent resistivity of the polycrystalline GaAs ( ρ≳105 Ω cm) have been used in the fabrication of working NAND and NOR logic gates (Schottky diode/field-effect transistor logic).
Graph Convolution for Multimodal Information Extraction from Visually Rich Documents (2019)

Xiaojing Liu, Feiyu Gao, Qiong Zhang, Huasha Zhao. Proceedings of the 2019 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies, Volume 2 (Industry Papers). 2019.
Research of Distributed Control System for Oilfield Oil Pump Based on PLC and LAN (2018)

Abstract In order to change the current bad situation such as the high cost of manpower, the failure to deal with the fault in time and the low management efficiency, etc. in oilfield oil pump measure and control, this paper puts forward the research and development of oilfield oil pump distributed control system based on PLC and LAN. Firstly this paper describes the operation principle of oil pump equipment and gives its network topology model. Secondly it designs the system macro distributed structure framework with 4 layers: Pump layer, PLC layer, IPC layer and RCC layer in detail. Finally the paper discusses the design of the software system including the PLC on-site field measure and control software subsystem, the IPC local session software subsystem and the RCC remote management software subsystem.
The Active Center of a Mammalian .alpha.-Amylase. Structure of the Complex of a Pancreatic .alpha.-Amylase with a Carbohydrate Inhibitor Refined to 2.2-.ANG. Resolution (1994)

An X-ray structure analysis of a crystal of pig pancreatic alpha-amylase (EC 3.2.1.1) that was soaked with acarbose (a pseudotetrasaccharide alpha-amylase inhibitor) showed electron density corresponding to five fully occupied subsites in the active site. The crystal structure was refined to an R-factor of 15.3%, with a root mean square deviation in bond distances of 0.015 A. The model includes all 496 residues of the enzyme, one calcium ion, one chloride ion, 393 water molecules, and five bound sugar rings. The pseudodisaccharide acarviosine that is the essential structural unit responsible for the activity of all inhibitors of the acarbose type was located at the catalytic center. The carboxylic oxygens of the catalytically competent residues Glu233 and Asp300 form hydrogen bonds with the "glycosidic" NH group of the acarviosine group. The third residue of the catalytic triad Asp197 is located on the opposite side of the inhibitor binding cleft with one of its carbonyl oxygens at a 3.3-A distance from the anomeric carbon C-1 of the inhibitor center. Binding of inhibitor induces structural changes at the active site of the enzyme. A loop region between residues 304 and 309 moves in toward the bound saccharide, the resulting maximal mainchain movement being 5 A for His305. The side chain of residue Asp300 rotates upon inhibitor binding and makes strong van der Waals contacts with the imidazole ring of His299. Four histidine residues (His101, His201, His299, and His305) are found to be hydrogen-bonded with the inhibitor. Many protein-inhibitor hydrogen bond interactions are observed in the complex structure, as is clear hydrophobic stacking of aromatic residues with the inhibitor surface. The chloride activator ion and structural calcium ion are hydrogen-bonded via their ligands and water molecules to the catalytic residues.
Verapamil prophylaxis of migraine. A double-blind, placebo-controlled study (1983)

We undertook a double-blind, placebo-controlled study to determine the effectiveness of verapamil hydrochloride for the prophylaxis of migraine. Twelve patients were given either verapamil hydrochloride, 80 mg four times daily, or placebo in random order during two consecutive three-month periods. Migraine frequency, severity, and duration were quantified by daily logs and monthly questionnaires. Ten of the 12 patients had fewer migraines during verapamil therapy. Migraine frequency decreased from 6.7 to 3.8 migraines per patient per month, for a mean decrease of 49%. Headache unit index fell from an average of 0.61 to 0.44. We conclude that verapamil is effective in the prophylaxis of migraine and that verapamil might be considered one alternative in the development of a regimen for the prophylaxis of migraine. (<i>JAMA</i>1983;250:2500-2502)
Buddy Stacks: Protecting Return Addresses with Efficient Thread-Local Storage and Runtime Re-Randomization (2022)

Shadow stacks play an important role in protecting return addresses to mitigate ROP attacks. Parallel shadow stacks, which shadow the call stack of each thread at the same constant offset for all threads, are known not to support multi-threading well. On the other hand, compact shadow stacks must maintain a separate shadow stack pointer in thread-local storage (TLS) , which can be implemented in terms of a register or the per-thread Thread-Control-Block (TCB) , suffering from poor compatibility in the former or high performance overhead in the latter. In addition, shadow stacks are vulnerable to information disclosure attacks. In this paper, we propose to mitigate ROP attacks for single- and multi-threaded server programs running on general-purpose computing systems by using a novel stack layout, called a buddy stack (referred to as Bustk ), that is highly performant, compatible with existing code, and provides meaningful security. These goals are met due to three novel design aspects in Bustk . First, Bustk places a parallel shadow stack just below a thread’s call stack (as each other’s buddies allocated together), avoiding the need to maintain a separate shadow stack pointer and making it now well-suited for multi-threading. Second, Bustk uses an efficient stack-based thread-local storage mechanism, denoted STK-TLS , to store thread-specific metadata in two TLS sections just below the shadow stack in dual redundancy (as each other’s buddies), so that both can be accessed and updated in a lightweight manner from the call stack pointer rsp alone. Finally, Bustk re-randomizes continuously (on the order of milliseconds) the return addresses on the shadow stack by using a new microsecond-level runtime re-randomization technique, denoted STK-MSR . This mechanism aims to obsolete leaked information, making it extremely unlikely for the attacker to hijack return addresses, particularly against a server program that sits often tens of milliseconds away from the attacker. Our evaluation using web servers, Nginx and Apache Httpd , shows that Bustk works well in terms of performance, compatibility, and security provided, with its parallel shadow stacks incurring acceptable memory overhead for real-world applications and its STK-TLS mechanism costing only two pages per thread. In particular, Bustk can protect the Nginx and Apache servers with an adaptive 1-ms re-randomization policy (without observable overheads when IO is intensive, with about 17,000 requests per second). In addition, we have also evaluated Bustk using other non-server applications, Firefox , Python , LLVM , JDK and SPEC CPU2006 , to demonstrate further the same degree of performance and compatibility provided, but the protection provided for, say, browsers, is weaker (since network-access delays can no longer be assumed).
Determination of histamine, 1-methylhistamine and N-methylhistamine by capillary electrophoresis with micelles (2000)

Urinary histamine and Ngamma-methylhistamine (1-MH), a histamine metabolite, are highly correlated with histamine in plasma. Therefore, allergic reactions can be examined by determination of histamine and 1-MH in urine. We separated histamine, 1-MH and Nalpha-methylhistamine (N-MH) by capillary electrophoresis with UV detection at 210nm, using borate buffer (pH 9) containing 100 mM SDS. The absolute detection limits were 200, 100 and 50 pg for histamine, 1-MH and N-MH, respectively. To purify histamine 1-MH and N-MH in urine, a silica cartridge was used. Recovery rates of histamine, 1-MH and N-MH in physiological saline were 90.0, 91.4 and 95.4%, respectively. We measured histamine and 1-MH levels in urine from a normal female volunteer before and after a meal, and a male bronchial asthma patient. The results showed clearly that the concentrations of histamine and its metabolite rose after eating or asthma attack. N-MH was not detected in the urine.
Efficient Feedforward Categorization of Objects and Human Postures with Address-Event Image Sensors (2011)

This paper proposes an algorithm for feedforward categorization of objects and, in particular, human postures in real-time video sequences from address-event temporal-difference image sensors. The system employs an innovative combination of event based hardware and bio-inspired software architecture. An event-based temporal difference image sensor is used to provide input video sequences, while a software module extracts size and position invariant line features inspired by models of the primate visual cortex. The detected line features are organized into vectorial segments. After feature extraction, a modified line segment Hausdorff distance classifier combined with on-the-fly cluster-based size and position invariant categorization. The system can achieve about 90 percent average success rate in the categorization of human postures, while using only a small number of training samples. Compared to state-of-the-art bio-inspired categorization methods, the proposed algorithm requires less hardware resource, reduces the computation complexity by at least five times, and is an ideal candidate for hardware implementation with event-based circuits.