gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inverse relationship between ER-β and SRC-1 predicts outcome in endocrine-resistant breast cancer (2004)

The oestrogen receptor (ER) interacts with coactivator proteins to modulate genes central to breast tumour progression. Oestrogen receptor is encoded for by two genes, ER-alpha and ER-beta. Although ER-alpha has been well characterized, the role of ER-beta as a prognostic indicator remains unresolved. To determine isoform-specific expression of ER and coexpression with activator proteins, we examined the expression and localisation of ER-alpha, ER-beta and the coactivator protein steroid receptor coactivator 1 (SRC-1) by immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence in a cohort of human breast cancer patients (n=150). Relative levels of SRC-1 in primary breast cultures derived from patient tumours in the presence of beta-oestradiol and tamoxifen was assessed using Western blotting (n=14). Oestrogen receptor-beta protein expression was associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and inversely associated with the expression of HER2 (P=0.0008 and P<0.0001, respectively), whereas SRC-1 was negatively associated with DFS and positively correlated with HER2 (P<0.0001 and P<0.0001, respectively). Steroid receptor coactivator 1 protein expression was regulated in response to beta-oestradiol or tamoxifen in 57% of the primary tumour cell cultures. Protein expression of ER-beta and SRC-1 was inversely associated (P=0.0001). The association of ER-beta protein expression with increased DFS and its inverse relationship with SRC-1 suggests a role for these proteins in predicting outcome in breast cancer.
Segmentation of thin structures in volumetric medical images (2006)

We present a new segmentation method for extracting thin structures embedded in three-dimensional medical images based on modern variational principles. We demonstrate the importance of the edge alignment and homogeneity terms in the segmentation of blood vessels and vascular trees. For that goal, the Chan-Vese minimal variance method is combined with the boundary alignment, and the geodesic active surface models. An efficient numerical scheme is proposed. In order to simultaneously detect a number of different objects in the image, a hierarchal approach is applied.
Masonry Construction by an Experimantal Robot (1992)

Masonry is an important, traditional and conservative aspect of UK building activity. This mainly involves the use of bonded brick and block units which have significant dimensional tolerances and are easily damaged. Takinq these factors into account, automation of masonry construction cannot be interpreted as being a simple pick and place operation. Duality control of the supply material must be included, and assembly performed on an intellegent basis. Though lacking performance speed, satisfactory damage detecting image processing algorithms have been established as part of the quality control provision and a high level programming approach has been adopted towards the provision of machine intelligence. Dry wall constructions have been made by the experimental masonry building robot which on completion will also perform bonded construction.
Lipogenic Activity of a Potent Lipolytic Hormone: Sheep β Lipotropin (β-LPH) - II. Further Effects of Sheep β-LPH on Specifically Labeled Glucose and the Localization of Lipogenic Active Center of the Molecule (1972)

A study of β-LPH on specifically labeled glucose metabolism by epididymal fat pads in vitro showed that β-LPH enhanced the conversion of both 1-14C and 6-14C glucose to CO2 and fatty acids. The adipose tissue oxidized glucose-1-I4C to CO2 to a greater extent than glucose-6-14C and presence of β-LPH did not change this usual pattern. Studies with βh- MSH and with five fragments of the β-LPH molecule obtained by cleavage with cyanogen bromide show that the center for lipogenic activity involves the sequence 48-65, but additional amino acids at either end of this core are necessary before noticeable lipogenic activity appears. A similar sequence is known to be required for lipolytic activity.
Morphology and crystallinity of sisal nanocellulose after sonication (2017)

Different preparation methods on the natural fibers resulted in different morphology. However, the relationships between type of natural fibers, preparation methods and the morphology of produced nanocellulose could not be exactly defined. The sisal nanocellulose was presently prepared by alkalization and bleaching followed by sonication to verify changes in the morphology and crystallinity of nanocellulose related to the formation mechanism. The extracted microcellulose was subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The isolated cellulose nanospheres were examined with respect to morphology by SEM and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and, to crystallinity by electron diffraction analysis. Bleaching after alkalization made the microfibrils clearly separated from each other to the individual fiber whose width of the single fiber was ranging from 6 to 13 µm. The XRD crystallinity index (CI) of microcellulose gradually increased after the chemical treatments; 83.12% for raw sisal fiber, 88.57% for alkali treated fiber and 94.03% for bleached fibers. The ultrasonic agitation after bleaching that was carried out at 750 Watt, 20 kHz and amplitude of 39% for 2 h produces homogeneous cellulose nanospheres less than 50 nm in diameter with relatively low crystallinity. The electron diffraction analysis confirmed that the low crystallinity of produced nnocellulose is related to the effect of chemical treatment done before sonication.
Cell-free detection and characterization of a novel nerve growth factor-activated protein kinase in PC12 cells. (1987)

We have developed a cell-free assay to detect and characterize nerve growth factor (NGF)-activated protein kinase activity. Cultured PC12 cells were briefly exposed to NGF, and extracts of these were assayed for phosphorylating activity using exogenously added tyrosine hydroxylase as substrate. Tyrosine hydroxylase was employed since it is an endogenous substrate of NGF-regulated kinase activity and is activated by phosphorylation. In the cell-free assay, extracts prepared from NGF-treated cells yielded a 2-3-fold greater incorporation of phosphate into tyrosine hydroxylase as compared with extracts of control, NGF-untreated cells. Activation did not occur, however, if NGF was added directly to cell extracts. The NGF-stimulated phosphorylating activity appeared to be due to regulation of a protein kinase rather than of a phosphoprotein phosphatase. Characterization of the kinase (designated as kinase N) showed that it is soluble, is detectably activated within 1-3 min after cells are exposed to NGF and maximally activated by 10 min, is half-maximally activated with 0.5 nM NGF and maximally activated with 1 nM NGF, is detectable in the presence of either Mg2+ or Mn2+ but does not require Ca2+, does not require nonmacromolecular cofactors, can use histone H1 as a substrate, and exhibits a 2-fold increase in apparent Vmax in response to NGF but does not undergo a significant change in apparent Km for either ATP or GTP. A number of characteristics of kinase N were assessed including susceptibility to inhibitors, substrate specificity, cofactor requirements, ATP dependence, and lack of down-regulation by prolonged expose to a phorbol ester. These studies indicated that it lacks tyrosine kinase activity and is distinct from a variety of well-characterized protein kinases including cAMP-dependent protein kinase, protein kinase C (Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent enzyme), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase, and casein kinase II. Preliminary purification data show that the kinase has a basic pI and that it has an apparent Mr of 22,000-25,000. The only amino acid in tyrosine hydroxylase found to be phosphorylated by the semipurified kinase is serine.
Rewritable Dual-Layer Phase-Change Optical Disk (1999)

This paper describes the development of a rewritable phase-change optical disk with a dual-layer structure. To obtain equivalent signal amplitude and recording sensitivity from the medium located on the beam incident side (the first medium) and the medium beneath (the second medium), we developed a high transmittance first medium featuring a very thin recording film (7 nm) and no reflection layer, and a high recording sensitivity and high reflectivity second medium with a semi-transparent front layer and a reflection layer. We confirmed a jitter of approximately 10% for both media at a recording density corresponding to 8.5 GB on a 120 mm disk. The laser power required to record on the first medium was 12 mW, and the second medium, 13 mW. It was also confirmed that the new rewritable dual-layer phase-change optical disk possesses the potential for operation with a blue laser.
Zinc stannate nanostructures: hydrothermal synthesis (2011)

Nanostructured binary semiconducting metal oxides have received much attention in the last decade owing to their unique properties rendering them suitable for a wide range of applications. In the quest to further improve the physical and chemical properties, an interest in ternary complex oxides has become noticeable in recent times. Zinc stannate or zinc tin oxide (ZTO) is a class of ternary oxides that are known for their stable properties under extreme conditions, higher electron mobility compared to its binary counterparts and other interesting optical properties. The material is thus ideal for applications from solar cells and sensors to photocatalysts. Among the different methods of synthesizing ZTO nanostructures, the hydrothermal method is an attractive green process that is carried out at low temperatures. In this review, we summarize the conditions leading to the growth of different ZTO nanostructures using the hydrothermal method and delve into a few of its applications reported in the literature.
Love Song of the Dark Lord: Jayadeva's Gitagovinda. Edited and Translated by Barbara Stoler Miller. New York: Columbia University Press (Translations from the Oriental Classics), 1977. xx, 225 pp. Sanskrit Text, Glossary. $ 17.50 (cloth), $3.95 (paper). (1978)

Love Song of the Dark Lord: Jayadeva's Gitagovinda. Edited and Translated by Barbara Stoler Miller. New York: Columbia University Press (Translations from the Oriental Classics), 1977. xx, 225 pp. Sanskrit Text, Glossary. 3.95 (paper). - Volume 38 Issue 1
On the bit error rate of lightwave systems with optical amplifiers (1991)

The problem of evaluating the performances of communication systems with optical amplifiers and a wideband optical filter is addressed. Exact probability of error expressions for optical signals in presence of amplifier spontaneous noise and photodetector shot noise are given and compared with those predicted by Gaussian approximations for amplitude shift keying (ASK), frequency shift keying (FSK), or differential phase shift keying (DPSK) modulations, both for ideal photodetectors and for the case where shot noise is significant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nonstatistical Factors Influencing Predictions of Financial Distress and Managerial Implications in the All-Cargo Airline Industry (2012)

All-cargo airlines carry over 50% of global airfreight, yet they are prone to bankruptcy. Many financial models are designed to predict a firms' financial health, but they do not assess many nonstatistical factors that influence the prediction capability of these models. In this study, qualitative grounded theory design was used to identify nonstatistical factors and explore how they influence bankruptcy prediction models in the all-cargo airline industry. In the first phase of the study, financial data from 2005 to 2009 for 17 all-cargo U.S. airlines were used to determine the bankruptcy prediction ability of the Kroeze financial bankruptcy model. A sample of six all-cargo airlines (ABX Air, Arrow Air, Atlas Air, Cargo 360, Gemini Air Cargo, and Kitty Hawk Air Cargo) were selected containing a mixture of airlines for which the Kroeze model correctly and incorrectly predicted bankruptcy. The sample was used as the starting point to explore the nonstatistical factors using grounded theory. Data were obtained on the six airlines from company annual reports, SEC 10K annual reports, reports from professional journals such as Air Transport Intelligence and Traffic World, news reports and company press releases. The data were coded and grouped into conceptual categories, which were used in theory generation to support the emerging theory. Six categories (management, risk, operations, competitive advantage, financial, and external factors) that relate to the financial stability of an all-cargo airline emerged during the research. Three themes emerged that may improve current quantitative bankruptcy prediction models. The three themes are airline fleet type, type of aircraft flown, and aircraft utilization. The three themes relate to the type, use, and make up of an airline’s fleet. These themes influence bankruptcy prediction model and should be incorporated into failure prediction models to improve their overall accuracy. Future research should be conducted to verify these findings on a larger population, such as all-cargo airlines that operate outside the United States. These airlines operate under different financial regimes that may affect the prediction models differently.
Spontaneous Emergence of Multiple Drug Resistance in Tuberculosis before and during Therapy (2011)

The emergence of drug resistance in M. tuberculosis undermines the efficacy of tuberculosis (TB) treatment in individuals and of TB control programs in populations. Multiple drug resistance is often attributed to sequential functional monotherapy, and standard initial treatment regimens have therefore been designed to include simultaneous use of four different antibiotics. Despite the widespread use of combination therapy, highly resistant M. tb strains have emerged in many settings. Here we use a stochastic birth-death model to estimate the probability of the emergence of multidrug resistance during the growth of a population of initially drug sensitive TB bacilli within an infected host. We find that the probability of the emergence of resistance to the two principal anti-TB drugs before initiation of therapy ranges from 10(-5) to 10(-4); while rare, this is several orders of magnitude higher than previous estimates. This finding suggests that multidrug resistant M. tb may not be an entirely "man-made" phenomenon and may help explain how highly drug resistant forms of TB have independently emerged in many settings.
Oropharyngeal Secretion Volume in Intubated Patients: The Importance of Oral Suctioning (2011)

A minimum frequency of oropharyngeal suctioning every 4 hours is recommended. However, more frequent suctioning may be needed in a subset of patients.
Telechelic and Star‐Shaped Poly(<i>ε</i>‐caprolactone) Functionalized with Triethoxysilyl Groups – New Biodegradable Coatings and Adhesives (2005)

Abstract Summary: Monofunctional poly( ε CL) having one CH 2 OH and one CO 2 CH 3 endgroup was prepared by SnOct 2 + MeOH‐initiated polymerizations of ε CL at 80 °C. The CH 2 OH endgroups were reacted with IPTES. In this way, poly( ε CL) having one CO 2 CH 3 and one TES endgroup was obtained. Poly( ε CL) having two CH 2 OH endgroups were prepared by means of SnOct 2 and Tetra EG or 1,4‐butanediol as coinitiators. The molecular weight distribution significantly broadened when the polymerization temperature increased from 80 to 120 °C. The OH endgroups were quantitatively functionalized by addition of IPTES. Star‐shaped poly( ε CL)s having three or four OH endgroups were prepared with 1,1,1‐tris(hydroxymethyl)propane or pentaerythritol as coinitiators. All endgroups were modified with IPTES. The lengths of the poly( ε CL) segments were varied via the monomer/coinitiator ratio. All functionalized oligomers were characterized by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and MALDI‐TOF mass spectrometry. Preliminary studies of film formation and adhesive properties were performed. MALDI‐TOF mass spectrum of a poly( ε CL) initiated with Sn(Oct) 2 and 1,4‐butanediol and functionalized with IPTES. magnified image MALDI‐TOF mass spectrum of a poly( ε CL) initiated with Sn(Oct) 2 and 1,4‐butanediol and functionalized with IPTES.
Synthesis and properties of nano zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (2010)

Nanosized zeolitic imidazolate frameworks [nZIF-8] with excellent chemical and thermal stability have been synthesized at room temperature by simple mixing of 2-methylimidazole and zinc nitrate hexahydrate in methanol/1% high molecular weight poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) solution for 24 h.
Device design considerations of a novel high voltage amorphous silicon thin film transistor (1987)

The performance of a novel high voltage thin film transistor has been characterized in terms of its geometry and operating conditions. Excellent performance, suitable for large-area electronic application, is achieved for optimized designs. An analytical model is found to fit the performance well.
Editorial: Biosecurity---fighting the odds? (2010)

One of New Zealand's most able minds, and the first Minister of Biosecurity, The Hon Simon Upton, was the first senior politician in this country to articulate it's unique features. This isolated island was the last reasonably sized landmass to be invaded by humans. Its pristine wilderness was attacked, first by fire and later by mechanized instruments, as bush was cleared, initially for predation and later for pastoral farming. New species of plants and animals were imported, some desired and some unwelcome. Without the checks and balances to which they were subject in their original country, many spread over vast areas. Each summer, for example, parts of Marlborough are almost uninhabitable because of the wasps, which attack not only humans, but fledgling birds and native insects, as well as robbing native nectar-feeding birds of the honeydew on the black beech.
Partially Observable Markov Decision Process for Recommender Systems (2016)

We report the "Recurrent Deterioration" (RD) phenomenon observed in online recommender systems. The RD phenomenon is reflected by the trend of performance degradation when the recommendation model is always trained based on users' feedbacks of the previous recommendations. There are several reasons for the recommender systems to encounter the RD phenomenon, including the lack of negative training data and the evolution of users' interests, etc. Motivated to tackle the problems causing the RD phenomenon, we propose the POMDP-Rec framework, which is a neural-optimized Partially Observable Markov Decision Process algorithm for recommender systems. We show that the POMDP-Rec framework effectively uses the accumulated historical data from real-world recommender systems and automatically achieves comparable results with those models fine-tuned exhaustively by domain exports on public datasets.
A New Alkylation of Pyridazines with Nitromethane and Nitroethane (1976)

852 3-Hydroxy-4-ethoxycarbonyl-6-chloropyridazine (I) reacts with nit,romethane and nitroet1iane to give the respective 5-methyl (14) and 5-ethyl (I-B) derivatives when their solution in DMSO is stirred at room temperatures in the presence of potassium carbonate.The scope of this type of nuclear alkylation of pyridazines is rather wide as shown in Table.Recently we have reported that 3,6-dichloro-4-cyanopyridazine reacts with primary amines to give neither 3-nor 6-amino derivatives but 5-amino compound resulting from nuclear amination as
Pulse shapes and spatial modes in Raman lasers (1969)

The steady-state performance of a Raman laser oscillator can be described by a simple standing-wave theory. This theory has been extended to take into account the time variation of the exciting laser pulse. The resulting differential equation is nonlinear, but analytic expressions can be obtained in the limiting cases of small-signal amplification and saturation. Experimental results in H <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> gas are compared with theory and show good agreement. The phase-matching conditions appropriate to the Raman oscillator are derived and verified experimentally.
Human IMP Dehydrogenase Catalyzes the Dehalogenation of 2-Fluoro- and 2-Chloroinosine 5'-Monophosphate in the Absence of NAD (1994)

The ability of human type II inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase (IMPDH, EC 1.1.1.205) to catalyze the formation of xanthosine 5'-monophosphate (XMP) from C2 halogen-substituted analogs of IMP has been investigated. Adenosine deaminase was used to enzymatically synthesize 2-fluoroinosine and 2-chloroinosine from the 2-fluoro- and 2-chloroadenosine nucleoside analogs. Chemical phosphorylation yielded the corresponding 5'-nucleoside monophosphate derivatives. IMPDH catalyzes the conversion of both 2-fluoro- and 2-chloroinosine 5'-monophosphate (2-F- and 2-Cl-IMP) to XMP. The dehalogenation reactions proceed without nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), the hydride acceptor required for the oxidation of IMP, the normal substrate of the enzyme. Formation of XMP from the 2-halo-IMPs was verified by UV absorption spectroscopy and by HPLC. Formation of XMP from 2-F-IMP yielded stoichiometric amounts of fluoride anion. IMP and XMP were competitive inhibitors toward 2-Cl-IMP in the dehalogenation reaction. Neither 2-F-IMP nor 2-Cl-IMP irreversibly inactivate IMPDH. Kinetic constants for the dehalogenation reactions have been determined and compared to the dehydrogenation reaction at 25 degrees C. (For 2-F-IMP: kcat = 0.058 s-1, Km = 62 microM. For 2-Cl-IMP: kcat = 0.049 s-1, Km = 48 microM. For the IMP dehydrogenation reaction: kcat = 0.25 s-1, Km [IMP] = 4.1 microM, Km [NAD] = 29 microM). Hydrolytic dehalogenation of 2-halo-IMPs without a requirement for NAD demonstrates the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate in the catalytic mechanism of IMP dehydrogenase.
Thin-film 28-μm and 38-μm absorption in single-layer films (1978)

A systematic study was made of thin-film absorption at 2.8microm and 3.8 microm for a wide variety of transparent coating materials. The extinction and absorption coefficients were measured using HF/DF chemical laser calorimetry in single-layer films of PbF(2), LiF, YbF(3), NaF, ThF(4), As(2),S(3), As(2),Se(3), Si, MgO, ZnSe, and Al(2),O(3), on CaF(2), substrates. The lowest absorbing film materials were the As glasses, ZnSe, and some fluorides. In these cases, high-purity starting material led to the lowest loss films.
Study of the Josephson Plasma Resonance (1968)

We report direct observation of the plasma resonance in Josephson tunnel junctions. The properties of the plasma mode are found to agree quantitatively with theoretical predictions.Received 14 March 1968DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.20.859©1968 American Physical Society
Modeling Human Body for Virtual Try-On System (2009)

A new framework for modeling human body according to the specified measurement dimensions is presented. Users are assisted in automatically generating a virtual model through modifying the standard one by controlling the parameters provided. Our approach consists of four major parts. First, 3D scanner data is preprocessed and provides basic body parameters to standard body models. Second, the system builds a series of standard body models combined the previous parameters and commercial software Poser. Third, measures individual body. Finally, modeling synthesis is accomplished by standard body models and the individual parameters using degree 3 NURBS curve. In comparison with the existing similar systems, our methodology is efficient and accurate, and adapt to be used in Virtual Try On system on Internet.