gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dietary induced subclinical vitamin K deficiency in normal human subjects. (1993)

A subclinical vitamin K deficiency was induced in 32 healthy subjects (four groups of eight males and females) aged 20-40 and 60-80 yr residing in the Metabolic Research Unit of the Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University. Volunteers were initially fed (4 d) a baseline-period diet containing the recommended daily allowance for vitamin K which is equivalent to 80 micrograms/d of phylloquinone (vitamin K1). During the baseline period various parameters of vitamin K nutritional status were monitored. The baseline period was followed by a 13-d depletion period during which the subjects were fed a very low vitamin K1 diet (approximately 10 micrograms/d). After depletion, the subjects entered a 16-d repletion period (four stages lasting 4 d each) during which time they were repleted with 5, 15, 25, and 45 micrograms of vitamin K1 per day. Vitamin K1 depletion dramatically and significantly decreased plasma vitamin K1 levels (P < 0.0001) in both elderly and young groups to values 13-18% of day 1 (elderly 0.22 nM, young 0.14 nM). Repleting the subjects with up to 45 micrograms of vitamin K1 per day failed, in the case of the young subjects, to bring plasma vitamin K1 levels back into the normal range. Dietary vitamin K1 restriction induced different responses in the urinary excretion of gamma-carboxyglutamic acid between the young and the elderly subjects with values decreasing significantly (P < 0.03) in the young while remaining unchanged in the elderly. The vitamin K1 depletion period had no significant effect on either prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times, or Factor VII and protein C (as determined by antigenic and functional assays). By using a monoclonal antibody, decarboxy prothrombin was found to increase slightly but significantly in both groups (P < 0.05) as a consequence of the low vitamin K1 diet. This study clearly shows that a diet low in vitamin K1 can result in a functional subclinical deficiency of vitamin K (decreased urinary gamma-carboxyglutamic acid excretion) without affecting blood coagulation.
Switching Power Supply Design for Automotive Instrumentation (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The use of large vacuum fluorescent displays in instrument cluster applications brings about the need for power supply inverters capable of providing an AG filament voltage in addition to the DC voltages required. In this paper, the design equations are developed for a switching power supply that meets these requirements. Equations for capacitor ESR requirements for the DC outputs are also developed, and a typical supply is designed.</div>
Vision profile of patients with mild brain injury. (1995)

In-depth visual evaluation of mild TBI patients is critical for documentation purposes as well as for possible treatment regimens.
Trichloroethylene Degradation in a Coupled Anaerobic/Aerobic Reactor Oxygenated Using Hydrogen Peroxide (2003)

In this work, trichloroethylene (TCE) degradation under combined anaerobic-aerobic conditions was studied in an ethanol-fed biofilm reactor oxygenated using hydrogen peroxide. The reactor was inoculated with a biomass originating from an anaerobic digestor. Granulated peat was added to the reactor as a substratum for biofilm development. Extensive characterization of reactor populations using activity tests and PCR analysis revealed the development of a mutualistic consortium, particularly methanotrophic and methanogenic microorganisms. This consortium was shown to degrade TCE by a combination of reductive and oxidative pathways. A near complete degradation of TCE at a load of 18 mg L(R)(-1) day(-1) was evidenced by a stoichiometric release of inorganic chloride.
REPLACEMENT PARTS MANAGEMENT: THE VALUE OF INFORMATION (2001)

Exponential smoothing (ES) and weighted moving average (WMA) are the predominant methods used to predict future demand for replacement parts. They require simple calculations and make use of information readily available. By gathering more information and doing additional calculations, more accurate forecasts can be developed. However, the cost of collecting the additional data could exceed the inventory cost savings from the better demand forecast. This paper presents a straightforward method for determining when the benefits of a more complex forecasting method outweigh the total costs required to use the method.
The Chromatographic Behavior of Alkali and Alkaline Earth Metal Cations on Crown Ether-Modified Silica Gels and Polymer Matrices (1986)

Abstract Alkali and alkaline earth metal cations were chromatographed over silica gels and polymer matrices which had been modified by the addition of benzo-15-crown-5, benzo-18-crown-6, and benzo-21-crown-7, using water as the mobile phase. The retention sequences of the cations agreed closely with the stability sequences of the corresponding crown-ether complexes. The best separation was attained on the silica gels modified by the use of benzo-18-crown-6. The retention times increased in this sequence: Li+&lt;Na+&lt;Rb+&lt;Cs+&lt;K+; Mg2+&lt;Ca2+&lt;Sr2+&lt;Ba2+. The retention sequences on the benzo-15-crown-5 and benzo-21-crown-7 columns were Li+&lt;Na+≈Cs+&lt;Rb+&lt;K+ and Li+≈Na+&lt;K+&lt;Rb+≈Cs+ respectively. The resin-based columns showed similar retention sequences, but were inferior in their separation ability to the silica-based ones. The retention times were affected by many factors, such as the cation concentration, the species of the counter anions, the kind and composition of the second solvents in the mixed mobile phase, and the column temperature.
Cascade/parallel terminal analog speech synthesizer and a strategy for consonant—vowel synthesis (1977)

A FORTRAN subroutine has been developed for the synthesis of speech and speech-like waveforms appropriate for psychophysical experimentation. The program accepts, as input, a set of control parameter values every 5 msec and produces, as output, samples of a synthetic speech waveform. Formant resonators simulating the transfer function of the vocal tract may be configured in cascade and/or in parallel (depending on the requirements of the user) by changing the value of the logical switch. There is a minimal change in the output speech when the switch value is changed. The parallel version of the synthesizer is both easier to control and a better model of the vocal tract transfer function than a number of earlier parallel synthesizers. A FORTRAN listing of the synthesizer is available upon request. Soon to be completed is a manuscript that describes simplified control strategies for the synthesis of various consonant—vowel syllables of English. [Work supported by NIH Grant NS 04332.]
CYCLIN H;1 Regulates Drought Stress Responses and Blue Light-Induced Stomatal Opening by Inhibiting Reactive Oxygen Species Accumulation in Arabidopsis    (2013)

Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASE Ds (CDKDs) phosphorylate the C-terminal domain of the largest subunit of RNA polymerase II. Arabidopsis CYCLIN H;1 (CYCH;1) interacts with and activates CDKDs; however, the physiological function of CYCH;1 has not been determined. Here, we report that CYCH;1, which is localized to the nucleus, positively regulates blue light-induced stomatal opening. Reduced-function cych;1 RNA interference (cych;1 RNAi) plants exhibited a drought tolerance phenotype. CYCH;1 is predominantly expressed in guard cells, and its expression was substantially down-regulated by dehydration. Transpiration of intact leaves was reduced in cych;1 RNAi plants compared with the wild-type control in light but not in darkness. CYCH;1 down-regulation impaired blue light-induced stomatal opening but did not affect guard cell development or abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closure. Microarray and real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses indicated that CYCH;1 did not regulate the expression of abscisic acid-responsive genes or light-induced stomatal opening signaling determinants, such as MYB60, MYB61, Hypersensitive to red and blue1, and Protein phosphatase7. CYCH;1 down-regulation induced the expression of redox homeostasis genes, such as LIPOXYGENASE3 (LOX3), LOX4, ARABIDOPSIS GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE 7 (ATGPX7), EARLY LIGHT-INDUCIBLE PROTEIN1 (ELIP1), and ELIP2, and increased hydrogen peroxide production in guard cells. Furthermore, loss-of-function mutations in CDKD;2 or CDKD;3 did not affect responsiveness to drought stress, suggesting that CYCH;1 regulates the drought stress response in a CDKD-independent manner. We propose that CYCH;1 regulates blue light-mediated stomatal opening by controlling reactive oxygen species homeostasis.
Multipurpose entry vehicle requirements for unmanned landings on bodies having tenuous atmospheres. (1968)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Digital Time Intervalometer (1968)

A digital time intervalometer was developed for measuring time intervals of 1 msec or less with a time resolution of ∼200 psec. The start signal can be delayed from 50 nsec to the full range of ∼1 msec. The range of the instrument is independent of the selected delay and can be set to cover intervals from 100 nsec to ∼1 msec. The instrument is unique in that analog time expansion is used to measure very accurately the time phase between a 20 MHz oscillator and the start and stop signals.
Expression of Age-Related Resistance in Pepper Plants Infected with Phytophthora capsici (1989)

With increasing age of pepper plants, all cultivars tested became gradually resistant to Phytophthora blight. High inoculum concentrations of P. capsici resulted in symptoms on some resistant cultivars. The incubation periods of P. capsici in resistant pepper cultivars and old plants were longer than those in susceptible cultivars and young plants, respectively. The soil-drench method of inoculation was more reliable than the stem-inoculation method for evaluation of age-related resistance. Appropriate screening techniques for evaluation of age-related resistance are discussed
Wt1 and Retinoic Acid Signaling in the Subcoelomic Mesenchyme Control the Development of the Pleuropericardial Membranes and the Sinus Horns (2010)

Pericardium and sinus horn formation are coupled and depend on the expansion and correct temporal release of pleuropericardial membranes from the underlying subcoelomic mesenchyme. Wt1 and downstream Raldh2/retinoic acid signaling are crucial regulators of this process. Thus, our results provide novel insight into the genetic and cellular pathways regulating the posterior extension of the mammalian heart and the formation of its coelomic lining.
Automatic Query Type Classification for Web Image Retrieval (2007)

In this paper, a framework of query classification is proposed for text-based image retrieval. The classification process in this framework consists of three phases. In the first phase, two basic classifiers are employed to classify the image query into certain categories. They are easily implemented but have weak adaptability to various web image queries. Therefore, in the second phase, an expanded classifier is implemented to compensate for the possible incapability of the basic classifiers. In this step, the inferential relationships extracted by information flow (IF) are exploited to disclose the meaning underneath the image query, which makes the classification more accurate. In the third phase, the strengths of all three individual classifiers are leveraged together to achieve the most possible efficient classification. The experimental results prove the effectiveness of this framework in dealing with image query classification.
Piston-tip-tilt positioning of a segmented MEMS deformable mirror (2007)

Results of a calibrated open-loop controller for piston/tip/tilt positioning of a segmented deformable mirror are presented. The controller is based on a fit of a 3<sup>rd</sup>-order polynomial that maps desired positions to the electrode voltages that actuate the segments. In addition to mapping positions to voltages, the controller limits positions to within the reachable space of the device. Experimental testing shows that over nearly the entire 5 &mgr;m of stroke and ±4 mrad of tip and tilt operating range, the controller positions segments to better than 30 nm <i>rms</i> of surface-figure error.
Outcomes with the “V” Implantation Technique vs. Standard Technique for Testosterone Pellet Therapy (2011)

VT allows successful placement of larger number of pellets, with low rates of complications, especially extrusion, even in men on anticoagulants.
Note on Some Experiments with Alternating Currents (1892)

The list is a long one and represents manny years of diligent study and earnest effort to promote electrical science in all its branches.Whlilst it is impracticable to enumerate in detail, it may be said that the patent record left by Mr. Van Depoele has been equalled by only a few of his competitors anid excelled by none in the scope anld variety of the subjects treated by him.His ranlge of vision, quickness of perception, and fertility of resource, were something marvellous, and when it is considered that he began experimnenting in a small private laboratory in the city of Detroit in 1S729,`hen, to obtain insuilated wire of any description was a matter of personal effort, and when it is considered that in the summer of 1883 lhe had actually tested and for sale a dynamo electric machine operating 60 lights, it will be seen that he did pioneer work in everything whieh he undertook, and that in all probability he contributed as much to the development of the electric industry as any other one man.
Packaging and Maturation of DNA of Bacteriophage T7 <i>In Vitro</i> (1974)

We have developed an in vitro complementation assay to demonstrate packaging and maturation of DNA of phage T7. Cells of Escherichia coli B infected with an appropriate T7 amber mutant are concentrated 200-fold and lysed by freezing and thawing. Two extracts from cells infected with different amber mutants are mixed and incubated at 30 degrees . Positive complementation results in a 100-fold increase in phage titer. Using this assay we have demonstrated the packaging of phage DNA from an extract that contains no phage heads (gene 9(-), 10(-)), within head structures present in an extract that contains no phage DNA (gene 5(-)). We have also demonstrated an activity in extracts that contain no phage DNA or heads (gene 5(-), 9(-), 10(-)), which complements gene 19(-)-infected cells. We have proven that this activity is due to the gene-19 product by showing that the activity is temperature-sensitive if the extract is made from cells infected with a mutant having a temperature-sensitive mutation in gene 19. This assay should be useful in elucidating the mechanism of packaging and maturation of DNA of phage T7.
Intestinal Colonization and Competitive Exclusion of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni in Young Chicks (1982)

Colonization of Campylobacter fetus subsp. jejuni was investigated in monoxenic and holoxenic chicks. In monoxenic chicks, major colonization was found in the crop and ceca, with populations in the ceca consistently reaching 10(9) colony-forming-units/ml of cecal contents over the 28-day test period. Bacteremia was found in most chicks, but no significant gross pathological lesions were detected. In holoxenic chicks, major colonization occurred only in the ceca, and no evidence of bacteremia was detected. Colonization by native gut microflora sharply reduced subsequent colonization by C. fetus subsp. jejuni. The protective mechanism is perhaps the same as that protective against paratyphoid salmonellae and pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli.
Current ratios: a self-scaling technique for production I/sub DDQ/ testing (2003)

The use of a single pass/fail threshold for I/sub DDQ/ testing is unworkable as chip background currents increase to the point where they exceed many defect currents. This paper describes a method of using "current signatures" which uses only simple comparisons on the tester, and which automatically scales with process variations which give a wide range of background currents. Dynamic thresholds are used, based on the ratio of maximum to minimum current. Using a single I/sub DDQ/ measurement for each die, upper and lower comparator values are set, against which I/sub DDQ/ for each vector in the suite is compared. Production data is presented to verify the validity of the method.
Code Optimization for Embedded Systems (2003)

Abstract : This project investigated a number of problems that arise in compiling application code for embedded systems. These systems present the compiler with a number of challenges that arise from economic constraints, physical constraints, and idiosyncratic requirements of the application and processors. The project developed new techniques in optimization and code generation that addressed problems including code size reduction, instruction scheduling, data placement (on partitioned register set machines), spill code reduction, and operator strength reduction. It also produced fundamental work on transformation ordering.
Optimal JPWL Forward Error Correction Rate Allocation for Robust JPEG 2000 Images and Video Streaming over Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2008)

Based on the analysis of real mobile ad hoc network (MANET) traces, we derive in this paper an optimal wireless JPEG 2000 compliant forward error correction (FEC) rate allocation scheme for a robust streaming of images and videos over MANET. The packet-based proposed scheme has a low complexity and is compliant to JPWL, the 11th part of the JPEG 2000 standard. The effectiveness of the proposed method is evaluated using a wireless Motion JPEG 2000 client/server application; and the ability of the optimal scheme to guarantee quality of service (QoS) to wireless clients is demonstrated.
A motif within the armadillo repeat of Parkinson’s-linked LRRK2 interacts with FADD to hijack the extrinsic death pathway (2018)

In experimental models, both in vivo and cellular, over-expression of Parkinson's linked mutant leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) is sufficient to induce neuronal death. While several cell death associated proteins have been linked to LRRK2, either as protein interactors or as putative substrates, characterization of the neuronal death cascade remains elusive. In this study, we have mapped for the first time the domain within LRRK2 that mediates the interaction with FADD, thereby activating the molecular machinery of the extrinsic death pathway. Using homology modeling and molecular docking approaches, we have identified a critical motif within the N-terminal armadillo repeat region of LRRK2. Moreover, we show that co-expression of fragments of LRRK2 that contain the FADD binding motif, or deletion of this motif itself, blocks the interaction with FADD, and is neuroprotective. We further demonstrate that downstream of FADD, the mitochondrial proteins Bid and Bax are recruited to the death cascade and are necessary for neuronal death. Our work identifies multiple novel points within neuronal death signaling pathways that could potentially be targeted by candidate therapeutic strategies and highlight how the extrinsic pathway can be activated intracellularly in a pathogenic context.
Maximizing the open-circuit voltage of polymer: Fullerene solar cells (2010)

The open-circuit voltage (Voc) of bulk heterojunction solar cells based on polymers and fullerene derivatives is limited to ∼1.15 V by the optical band gap of the fullerene of ∼1.75 eV and the required 0.6 eV offset for efficient charge generation. In practice this limit has not yet been reached. We present a semiconducting polymer that gives Voc=1.15 V. To reach this value the surface of the hole collecting electrode is modified by UV-ozone, which increases the work function and creates an Ohmic contact. Under simulated AM1.5 conditions optimized cells provide a power conversion efficiency of ∼1%.
Apoptosis mediated neurotoxicity induced by chronic application of β amyloid fragment 25–35 (1993)

To investigate whether and how amyloid-beta protein (A beta) is involved in the neurodegenerative changes characteristic of Alzheimer's disease (AD), primary hippocampal neurones from foetal rat brain were exposed acutely and chronically to micromolar concentrations of a synthetic peptide homologous to residues 25-35 of A beta (beta 25-35). A single application of this peptide (25-100 microM) was ineffective but when the neuronal cultures were exposed to beta 25-35 (25-100 microM) repeatedly every two days for ten days, cell survival was dramatically reduced. The structural changes and the DNA fragmentation of cells chronically exposed to the peptide suggested that neuronal death occurred by apoptosis. Furthermore, beta 25-35 showed the intrinsic ability to polymerize into amyloid-like fibrils in vitro. These results confirm the potential pathogenic role of A beta in AD, and indicate that amyloid fibrils may induce neuronal death through a specific programmed process.
Cardiac preservation is enhanced in a heterotopic rat transplant model by supplementing the nitric oxide pathway. (1994)

Nitric oxide (NO) is a novel biologic messenger with diverse effects but its role in organ transplantation remains poorly understood. Using a porphyrinic microsensor, the first direct measurements of coronary vascular and endocardial NO production were made. NO was measured directly in the effluent of preserved, heterotopically transplanted rat hearts stimulated with L-arginine and bradykinin; NO concentrations fell from 2.1 +/- 0.4 microM for freshly explanted hearts to 0.7 +/- 0.2 and 0.2 +/- 0.08 microM for hearts preserved for 19 and 38 h, respectively. NO levels were increased by SOD, suggesting a role for superoxide-mediated destruction of NO. Consistent with these data, addition of the NO donor nitroglycerin (NTG) to a balanced salt preservation solution enhanced graft survival in a time- and dose-dependent manner, with 92% of hearts supplemented with NTG surviving 12 h of preservation versus only 17% in its absence. NTG similarly enhanced preservation of hearts stored in University of Wisconsin solution, the clinical standard for preservation. Other stimulators of the NO pathway, including nitroprusside, L-arginine, or 8-bromoguanosine 3',5' monophosphate, also enhanced graft survival, whereas the competitive NO synthase antagonist NG-monomethyl-L-arginine was associated with poor preservation. Likely mechanisms whereby supplementation of the NO pathway enhanced preservation included increased blood flow to the reperfused graft and decreased graft leukostasis. NO was also measured in endothelial cells subjected to hypoxia/reoxygenation and detected based on its ability to inhibit thrombin-mediated platelet aggregation and serotonin release. NO became undetectable in endothelial cells exposed to hypoxia followed by reoxygenation and was restored to normoxic levels on addition of SOD. These studies suggest that the NO pathway fails during preservation/transplantation because of formation of oxygen free radicals during reperfusion, which quench available NO. Augmentation of NO/cGMP-dependent mechanisms enhances vascular function after ischemia and reperfusion and provides a new strategy for transplantation of vascular organs.
Small Antennas:Miniaturization Techniques & Applications (2009)

Chapter 1. Survey of Small Antenna Theory Chapter 2. Fundamental Limits and Guidelines for Miniaturizing Ultra-Wideband Antennas Chapter 3. Overview of Small Antenna Designs Chapter 4. Antenna Miniaturization via Slow Waves Chapter 5. Spiral Antenna Miniaturization Chapter 6. Negative Refractive Index Metamaterial & Electromagnetic Band Gap Based Antennas Chapter 7. Antenna Miniaturizion Using Magnetic Photonic and Degenerate Band Edge Crystals Chapter 8. Impedance Matching for Small Antennas Including Passive and Active Circuits Chapter 9. Antennas for RFID Systems Index