gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Near‐to‐Eye Systems (2006)

This chapter contains sections titled: Background Magnification Field of View Microdisplay Factors Magnifiers Camera Viewfinder Head-Mounted Displays Free-Surface Prisms Eyewear-based Displays Light-Guide Systems Wide Field of View Portable Equipment References
Preparation and characterization of polyurethane microcapsules containing <i>n</i>‐octadecane with styrene‐maleic anhydride as a surfactant by interfacial polycondensation (2006)

Abstract A series of polyurethane microcapsules containing a phase change material (PCM) of n ‐octadecane was successfully synthesized by an interfacial polymerization in aqueous styrene‐maleic anhydride (SMA) dispersion with diethylene triamine (DETA) as a chain extender reacting with toluene‐2,4‐diisocyanate (TDI). The average diameter of microPCMs is in the range of 5–10 μm under the stirring speed of 3000–4000 rpm. Optical and SEM morphologies of microPCMs had ensured that the shell was regularly fabricated with the influence of SMA. FTIR results confirmed that the shell material was polyurethane and the SMA chains associated on core material reacted with TDI forming a part of shell material. The shell thickness was decreasing in the range of 0.31–0.55 μm with the molar ratio of DETA/TDI from 0.84 to 1.35 and the weight of core material increasing from 40 to 80% (wt %). By controlling the weight ratio of PCM as 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80% in microPCMs, it was found using DSC that the T m and T c of microPCMs were in the range of 29.8–31.0 o C and 21.1–22.0°C and an obvious phase change had been achieved nearly the same temperature range of that of PCM. The results from release curves of microPCM samples prepared by 1.4, 1.7, and 2.0 g of SMA indicated the release properties were affected by the amount of the dispersant, which attributed to the emulsion effect and shell polymerization structure. The above results suggest that the shell structure of microPCMs can be controlled and the properties of microPCMs determined by shell will perform proper practical usage. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 102: 4996–5006, 2006
Local layering (2009)

In a conventional 2d painting or compositing program, graphical objects are stacked in a user-specified global order, as if each were printed on an image-sized sheet of transparent film. In this paper we show how to relax this restriction so that users can make stacking decisions on a per-overlap basis, as if the layers were pictures cut from a magazine. This allows for complex and visually exciting overlapping patterns, without painstaking layer-splitting, depth-value painting, region coloring, or mask-drawing. Instead, users are presented with a layers dialog which acts locally. Behind the scenes, we divide the image into overlap regions and track the ordering of layers in each region. We formalize this structure as a graph of stacking lists, define the set of orderings where layers do not interpenetrate as consistent, and prove that our local stacking operators are both correct and sufficient to reach any consistent stacking. We also provide a method for updating the local stacking when objects change shape or position due to user editing - this scheme prevents layer updates from producing undesired intersections. Our method extends trivially to both animation compositing and local visibility adjustment in depth-peeled 3d scenes; the latter of which allows for the creation of impossible figures which can be viewed and manipulated in real-time.
Biochemical and immunological markers of over-training. (2002)

Athletes fail to perform to the best of their ability if they become infected, stale, sore or malnourished. Excessive training with insufficient recovery can lead to a debilitating syndrome in which performance and well being can be affected for months. Eliminating or minimizing these problems by providing advice and guidelines on training loads, recovery times, nutrition or pharmacological intervention and regular monitoring of athletes using an appropriate battery of markers can help prevent the development of an overtraining syndrome in athletes. The potential usefulness of objective physiological, biochemical and immunological markers of overtraining has received much attention in recent years. Practical markers would be ones that could be measured routinely in the laboratory and offered to athletes as part of their sports science and medical support. The identification of common factors among overtrained athletes in comparison with well-trained athletes not suffering from underperformance could permit appropriate intervention to prevent athletes from progressing to a more serious stage of the overtraining syndrome. To date, no single reliable objective marker of impending overtraining has been identified. Some lines of research do, however, show promise and are based on findings that overtrained athletes appear to exhibit an altered hormonal response to stress. For example, in response to a standardized bout (or repeated bouts) of high intensity exercise, overtrained athletes show a lower heart rate, blood lactate and plasma cortisol response. Several immune measures that can be obtained from a resting blood sample (e.g. the expression of specific cell surface proteins such as CD45RO+ on T-lymphocytes) also seem to offer some hope of identifying impending overtraining. If an athlete is suspected of suffering from overtraining syndrome, other measures will also required, if only to exclude other possible causes of underperformance including post-viral fatigue, glandular fever, clinical depression, poor diet, anaemia, asthma, allergies, thyroid disorders, myocarditis and other medical problems interfering with recovery.
Solar Energy as a Major Source of Power for Australia (2000)

Solar energy used in conjunction with natural gas and coal can by the end of the century become an important new source of primary energy for Australia. It can produce large quantities of heat and possibly liquid fuel, but is unlikely to be generating electricity on a significant scale.
Characterization of the blood–brain barrier choline transporter using the <i>in situ</i> rat brain perfusion technique (2001)

Choline enters brain by saturable transport at the blood-brain barrier (BBB). In separate studies, both sodium-dependent and passive choline transport systems of differing affinity have been reported at brain capillary endothelial cells. In the present study, we re-examined brain choline uptake using the in situ rat brain perfusion technique. Saturable brain choline uptake from perfusion fluid was best described by a model with a single transporter (V:(max) = 2.4-3.1 nmol/min/g; K(m) = 39-42 microM) with an apparent affinity (1/Km)) for choline five to ten-fold greater than previously reported in vivo, but less than neuronal 'high-affinity' brain choline transport (K(m) = 1-5 microM). BBB choline uptake from a sodium-free perfusion fluid using sucrose for osmotic balance was 50% greater than in the presence of sodium suggesting that sodium is not required for transport. Hemicholinium-3 inhibited brain choline uptake with a K(i) (57 +/- 11 microM) greater than that at the neuronal choline system. In summary, BBB choline transport occurs with greater affinity than previously reported, but does not match the properties of the neuronal choline transporter. The V:(max) of this system is appreciable and may provide a mechanism for delivering cationic drugs to brain.
Chemokine (C‐C motif) receptor 2–positive monocytes aggravate the early phase of acetaminophen‐induced acute liver injury (2016)

Infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages aggravate APAP hepatotoxicity, and the pharmacological inhibition of either CCL2 or CCR2 might bear therapeutic potential by reducing the inflammatory reaction during the early phase of AILI. (Hepatology 2016;64:1667-1682).
Effects of narrow plant spacing on root distribution and physiological nitrogen use efficiency in summer maize (2013)

The objective of this study was to understand the effects of plant spacing on grain yield and root competition in summer maize (Zea mays L.). Maize cultivar Denghai 661 was planted in rectangular tanks (0.54 m × 0.27 m × 1.00 m) under 27 cm (normal) and 6 cm (narrow) plant spacing and treated with zero and 7.5 g nitrogen (N) per plant. Compared to normal plant spacing, narrow plant spacing generated less root biomass in the 0–20 cm zone under both N rates, slight reductions of dry root weight in the 20–40 cm and 40–70 cm zones at the mid-grain filling stage, and slight variation of dry root weights in the 70–100 cm zone during the whole growth period. Narrow plant spacing decreased root reductive activity in all root zones, especially at the grain-filling stage. Grain yield and above-ground biomass were 5.0% and 8.4% lower in the narrow plant spacing than with normal plant spacing, although narrow plant spacing significantly increased N harvest index and N use efficiency in both grain yield and biomass, and higher N translocation rates from vegetative organs. These results indicate that the reductive activity of maize roots in all soil layers and dry weights of shallow roots were significantly decreased under narrow plant spacing conditions, resulting in lower root biomass and yield reduction at maturity. Therefore, a moderately dense sowing is a basis for high yield in summer maize.
How to Do Everything with Web 2.0 Mashups (2007)

Want to supercharge your website with the latest searching, mapping, shopping, and imaging tools? Now you can build amazing mashups with help from this step-by-step guide. How to Do Everything with Web 2.0 Mashups shows you how to remix the best of Google, Amazon, Flickr, and eBay to create customized applications. You'll learn to use essential Web 2.0 technologies--including XML, JavaScript, XHTML, and REST--and seamlessly integrate them into your own innovative mashups. 

Build dynamic mashups using XML and JavaScript
Use MySQL with PHP to retrieve data from databases
Receive data via RSS and Atom 
Learn to use XMLHttpRequest, XML-RPC, REST, and JSON 
Structure your mashup pages using XHTML
Incorporate Google searching and mapping technologies 
Integrate Amazon Web Services
Include Flickr photos in your mashups 
Tap into eBay tools and map the locations of eBay sellers
Successfully manage multiple technologies in your mashups




Table of contents
Part I: Introducing Mashups
Chapter 1: Welcome to the World of Mashups
Chapter 2: Understanding the Mashup World
Part II: Learn Mashup Technologies
Chapter 3: Know the Web 2.0 Mashup Rules and Design Principles
Chapter 4: Use XML to Structure Data
Chapter 5: Use JavaScript to Script the Mashup Page
Chapter 6: Use PHP to Perform Server-Side Scripting
Chapter 7: Use MySQL with PHP to Retrieve Mashup Data
Chapter 8: Use RSS and Atom to Receive Data Automatically
Chapter 9: Use XMLHttpRequest, XML-RPC, REST, and JSON to Retrieve Data
Chapter 10: Use XHTML to Structure the Mashup Pages
Part III: Build Your Own Mashups
Chapter 11: Implement a Basic Mashup
Chapter 12: Use the Google Maps API
Chapter 13: Build Mashups with the Google Maps API
Chapter 14: Use the Amazon Web Services and Google Search APIs
Chapter 15: Build a Mashup to Search Amazon and Google at the Same Time
Chapter 16: Use the Flickr API
Chapter 17: Build a Mashup to Search Flickr and Google at the Same Time
Chapter 18: Use the eBay API
Chapter 19: Map the Locations of eBay Items
Index
Cavity-enhanced quantum-cascade laser-based instrument for carbon monoxide measurements (2005)

An autonomous instrument based on off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy has been developed and successfully deployed for measurements of carbon monoxide in the troposphere and tropopause onboard a NASA DC-8 aircraft. The instrument (Carbon Monoxide Gas Analyzer) consists of a measurement cell comprised of two high-reflectivity mirrors, a continuous-wave quantum-cascade laser, gas sampling system, control and data-acquisition electronics, and data-analysis software. CO measurements were determined from high-resolution CO absorption line shapes obtained by tuning the laser wavelength over the R(7) transition of the fundamental vibration band near 2172.8 cm(-1). The instrument reports CO mixing ratio (mole fraction) at a 1-Hz rate based on measured absorption, gas temperature, and pressure using Beer's Law. During several flights in May-June 2004 and January 2005 that reached altitudes of 41,000 ft (12.5 km), the instrument recorded CO values with a precision of 0.2 ppbv (1-s averaging time) and an accuracy limited by the reference CO gas cylinder (uncertainty < 1.0%). Despite moderate turbulence and measurements of particulate-laden airflows, the instrument operated consistently and did not require any maintenance, mirror cleaning, or optical realignment during the flights.
A discrete-continuous algorithm for molecular energy minimization (1992)

A parallel algorithm for minimizing molecular energy potential functions is applied to the case of pure Lennard-Jones (LJ) clusters. The algorithm demonstrates the combination of discrete, lattice-based optimization with continuous optimization (relaxation) techniques. The suggested approach is not restricted to the LJ potential and is aimed at problems in which the potential of interest may be significantly more costly than the LJ. The intended audience includes researchers interested in practical computational problems involving minimum energy cluster conformation, such as may arise in catalysis, and those interested in algorithm development. The advantage of the algorithm is that the time required to find the minimum-energy structure for a relatively large cluster reduces to that of an interactive session. The current parallel implementation is capable of determining the best-known previously published binding energies for n >
Tumor Chemosensitivity Testing An Evolving Technique (1990)

Journal Article Tumor Chemosensitivity Testing An Evolving Technique Get access Eugene A. Woltering Eugene A. Woltering Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Laboratory Medicine, Volume 21, Issue 2, 1 February 1990, Pages 82–84, https://doi.org/10.1093/labmed/21.2.82 Published: 01 February 1990
Co-treatment of benzene and toluene vapours in a biofilter: a factorial design approach (2007)

Biofiltration has now become an indispensable treatment technique for the removal of low concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) from process vent streams. This study involves performance evaluation of a laboratory scale compost based biofilter for the treatment of mixtures of benzene and toluene (BT) vapours. Experiments were conducted as per a statistical design of experiment, the 2k full factorial design, with the initial concentrations of benzene and toluene and the gas flow rate as the independent variables and the elimination capacity (EC) and removal efficiency (RE) as response variables. The maximum EC attained was 31.7 g/m3.h for benzene and 85.9 g/m3.h for toluene, while the total maximum EC at an inlet loading rate (ILR) of 150.2 g/m3.h was 91.2 g/m3.h. It was also observed that while there was mutual inhibition, benzene removal was severely inhibited by the presence of toluene than toluene removal by the presence of benzene. Statistical analysis in the form of analysis of variance (ANOVA) was carried out to determine the main and interaction effects of variables on the RE and EC values. This study establishes the potential application of biofilters to handle mixtures of VOCs effectively through a statistically authentic approach. 1
SLOW-ELECTRON BEAM ATTENUATION BY GOLD FILMS (1967)

An attenuation length of 34 Å for electrons with 6-eV energy above the Fermi level was found by penetration of slow-energy electron beams through gold films about 200-Å thick. The collector current was determined for various primary energies as a function of film thickness, which was increased in situ by vapor deposition. The attenuation length, representative of electron-electron collisions, decreased to 29 Å, for an increase of energy of 1 eV.
Some Observations on the Cardiovascular Effects of 9-Substituted Berberines (1970)

A comparative study of the effect of berberine and its 9-substituted compounds (I, R=OH ; II, berberine, R=OCH3 ; III, R=OC4H9 ; IV, R=OC5H11 ; V, R=OC8H17 ; VI, R=OC12H25) on blood pressure of rats showed that substitution of OC4H9 or OC5H11 for OCH3 of berberine prolonged the transient hypotensive activity of berberine, whereas substitution by OH caused a slight hypertension. The dose of III or IV, which caused hypotension, was found to inhibit cardiac function in rats, whereas II had no effect on it. II, III, and IV decreased the beating rate in isolated perfused toad heart. Only II was found to have acetylcholine-potentiating action in frog muscle as well as guinea-pig small intestine in vitro. In the same preparations III and IV, contrariwise, inhibited acetylcholine action. In spinal rats, any response in blood pressure was not observed after the injection of each of the test compounds. From these results, possible mechanism of action of the test compounds is discussed.
Pressure Dependence of Dielectric Barrier Discharge Plasma Flow Actuators (2012)

Single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators were investigated for a range of static pressures from 0.17 to 9.0 bar. The actuatorminimum ionization voltage and static thrust weremeasured and similar data in the literature. The minimum ionization voltage decreased with decreasing pressure; however, at a given pressure, the ionization voltage scaled with the actuator capacitance per unit area. The static thrust was found to have a minimum at a pressure of approximately 2 bar. A narrow local maximum was found near 0.9 bar, below which the thrust decreased. A second broad local maximum occurred near 6 bar. The location of the two local maxima, respectively, moved to lower and higher pressures as the actuator voltage increased. At any pressure, thrust scaledwith voltage to a power. The power-law exponent increased linearly with increasing pressure from the lowest pressure tested to approximately 5 bar. Above 5 bar, the power-law exponent asymptotes to approximately 7.3, which was approximately twice that at atmospheric pressure. The experimental results were evaluated using a space–time lumped-element model for single dielectric barrier discharge plasma actuators. The overall trends were found to be best modeled through a pressure dependence of the minimum ionization voltage and the electron density.
Nicosulfuron Resistance and Metabolism in Terbufos- and Naphthalic Anhydride-Treated Corn (1995)

Synergistic interaction between the insecticide terbufos and the herbicide nicosulfuron may result in severe injury to corn. Greenhouse and laboratory experiments were conducted to determine if using the imidazolinone-resistant corn ‘Pioneer-3343 IR’ (P-3343 IR) or coating corn seeds with naphthalic anhydride (NA) would reduce herbicidal injury imposed by the nicosulfuron-terbufos interaction. Greenhouse experiments showed nicosulfuron-terbufos interactions resulting in herbicidal injury in both P-3343 IR and ‘DeKalb 689’ (D-689) corn varieties, but the D-689 was more sensitive than the P-3343 IR corn. The greenhouse experiments also demonstrated protection against the nicosulfuron-terbufos interaction by NA seed treatments. Studies with radiolabeled nicosulfuron showed that terbufos inhibited the metabolism of nicosulfuron, but pretreatment of D-689 and P-3343 IR corn seed with NA decreased the inhibition in excised corn leaves. The differences in sensitivity to nicosulfuron in the two corn varieties resulted in part from the differential metabolism and primarily from the differential sensitivity of the target enzyme, acetolactate synthase, to the herbicide.
Synthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. III. Hydrazino Analogs of Biologically Active Purines<sup>2</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Potential Anticancer Agents. III. Hydrazino Analogs of Biologically Active Purines2John A. Montgomery and Lee B. HolumCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 9, 2185–2188Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01566a043https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01566a043research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views333Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The transverse carpal ligament. An important component of the digital flexor pulley system. (1992)

The effect of release of the transverse carpal ligament on the mechanics of the flexor tendons was investigated with use of a fresh-frozen cadaver model. A 25 per cent increase in the amount of excursion of the tendons that was consumed by motion of the wrist was demonstrated for the digitorum profundus tendons after transection of the transverse carpal ligament, and a 20 per cent increase was noted for the digitorum superficialis tendons (p < 0.001). These values represent 5.4 +/- 1.2 and 5.5 +/- 1.3 millimeters of bow-stringing for each group of tendons.
Polyethylene glycol–coated red blood cells fail to bind glycophorin A–specific antibodies and are impervious to invasion by the Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite (2001)

This study was designed to assess the binding of glycophorin A-specific antibodies to polyethylene glycol (PEG)-modified red blood cells (RBCs) and evaluate their resistance to invasion by Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasites. RBCs were conjugated with a range of concentrations (0.05 to 7.5 mM) of activated PEG derivatives of either 3.35 or 18.5 kd molecular mass. The binding of glycophorin A-specific antibodies was assessed by hemagglutination and flow cytometry. PEG-modified RBCs were assessed for their ability to form rosettes around Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells transiently expressing the glycophorin A binding domain of EBA-175, a P falciparum ligand crucial to RBC invasion. PEG-RBCs were also tested for their ability to be invaded by the malaria parasite. RBCs coated with 3.35 and 18.5 kd PEG demonstrated a dose-dependent inhibition of glycophorin A-specific antibody binding, CHO cell rosetting, and P falciparum invasion. These results indicate that glycophorin A epitopes responsible for antibody and parasite binding are concealed by PEG coating, rendering these cells resistant to P falciparum invasion. These studies confirm the effectiveness of PEG modification for masking RBC-surface glycoproteins. This may provide a means to prevent alloimmunization in the setting of RBC transfusion and suggests a novel method to enhance the effectiveness of exchange transfusion for the treatment of cerebral malaria.