gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Stereoselective Synthesis of β‐Ribonucleosides from Methyl Ribofuranosyl Carbonate and Trimethylsilylated Nucleoside Bases by Combined Use of Silver Salts and Diphenyltin Sulfide. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Synthesis and Reaction of Unsymmetrical Tetraarylbismuthonium Salts. First Isolation of Bismuthonium Salts Bearing All Different Aryl Groups (1998)

Abstract Successive treatment of triarylbismuth difluorides (1) with a Lewis acid, Me3SiCN, and aryltributylstannanes (2) in CH2Cl2 gives unsymmetrical tetraarylbismuthonium salts (3) in moderate to good yield. The migratory aptitude of an aryl ligand in [Ph3ArBi+][BF4−] (3a, b) in the C-arylation of 2-naphthol is Ph&gt;p-Tol&gt;p-Ans.
Focus-tunable low-power electrowetting lenses with thin parylene films (2015)

Electrowetting lenses with record low power consumption (microwatts) have been demonstrated using high-quality parylene AF-4 dielectric layers and large dodecyl sulfate ions. Water and propylene glycol are interchanged as the polar liquid to enable diverging and converging lens operation achievable with the application of 15 V. The optical quality of the lenses is comparable to conventional microlenses and the tuning exhibits very little (<0.5°) contact angle hysteresis.
5,5-Dialkylhydantoins Containing a Dialkylamino Substituent<sup>1,2</sup> (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT5,5-Dialkylhydantoins Containing a Dialkylamino Substituent1,2J. Wm. Magee and Henry R. HenzeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 9, 2148–2151Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1938https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01276a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views101Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (447 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
THE EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD ON FLAMES AND THEIR PROPAGATION (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE EFFECT OF AN ELECTRIC FIELD ON FLAMES AND THEIR PROPAGATIONBernard. LewisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 4, 1304–1313Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1931https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01355a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01355a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views136Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Two-Step Learning and Interpolation Method for Location-Based Channel Database Construction (2018)

Timely and accurate knowledge of channel state information (CSI) is necessary to support scheduling operations at both physical and network layers. In order to support pilot-free channel estimation in cell sleeping scenarios, we propose to adopt a channel database that stores the CSI as a function of geographic locations. Such a channel database is generated from historical user records, which usually can not cover all the locations in the cell. Therefore, we develop a two-step interpolation method to infer the channels at the uncovered locations. The method firstly applies the K-nearest-neighbor method to form a coarse database and then refines it with a deep convolutional neural network. When applied to the channel data generated by ray tracing software, our method shows a great advantage in performance over the conventional interpolation methods.
Coherence communication prediction in shared-memory multiprocessors (2002)

Sharing patterns in shared-memory multiprocessors are the key to performance: uniprocessor latency-tolerating techniques such as out-of-order execution and non-blocking caches have proved unable to completely hide the latency of remote memory access. Recently proposed prediction mechanisms accelerate coherence protocols by guessing where data will be used next and forwarding them to potential users before they are requested. Prior work in such shared-memory prediction schemes resulted in address-based and instruction-based predictors. Our work innovates in three areas. First, we present a taxonomy of prediction schemes that includes all previously-proposed prediction schemes in a uniform space. Second, we show how statistical techniques from epidemiological screening and polygraph testing can be applied to better measure the effectiveness of sharing prediction schemes; earlier work had reported only the ratio of incorrect predictions to correct predictions but neglected the ratio of correct predictions to actual sharing. Third, we provide simulation results of the accuracy of a practical subset of the space of schemes in our taxonomy, then analyze which components of each scheme contribute the most to prediction accuracy. Through this process, we discovered prediction schemes more accurate than those previously proposed.
Phased-mission system analysis using Boolean algebraic methods (1994)

Most reliability analysis techniques and tools assume that a system is used for a mission consisting of a single phase. However, multiple phases are natural in many missions. The failure rates of components, system configuration, and success criteria may vary from phase to phase. In addition, the duration of a phase may be deterministic or random. Recently, several researchers have addressed the problem of reliability analysis of such systems using a variety of methods. We describe a new technique for phased-mission system reliability analysis based on Boolean algebraic methods. Our technique is computationally efficient and is applicable to a large class of systems for which the failure criterion in each phase can be expressed as a fault tree (or an equivalent representation). Our technique avoids state space explosion that commonly plague Markov chain-based analysis. We develop a phase algebra to account for the effects of variable configurations and success criteria from phase to phase. Our technique yields exact (as opposed to approximate) results. We demonstrate the use of our technique by means of an example and present numerical results to show the effects of mission phases on the system reliability.
Probing the Architecture of an L-type Calcium Channel with a Charged Phenylalkylamine (2006)

Voltage-gated calcium channels are in a closed conformation at rest and open temporarily when the membrane is depolarized. To gain insight into the molecular architecture of Ca(v)1.2, we probed the closed and open conformations with the charged phenylalkylamine (-)devapamil ((-)qD888). To elucidate the access pathway of (-)D888 to its binding pocket from the intracellular side, we used mutations replacing a highly conserved Ile-781 by threonine/proline in the pore-lining segment IIS6 of Ca(v)1.2 (1). The shifted channel gating of these mutants (by 30-40 mV in the hyperpolarizing direction) enabled us to evoke currents with identical kinetics at different potentials and thus investigate the effect of the membrane potentials on the drug access per se. We show here that under these conditions the development of channel block by (-)qD888 is not affected by the transmembrane voltage. Recovery from block at rest was, however, accelerated at more hyperpolarized voltages. These findings support the conclusion that Ca(v)1.2 must be opening widely to enable free access of the charged (-)D888 molecule to its binding site, whereas drug dissociation from the closed channel conformation is restricted by bulky channel gates. The functional data indicating a location of a trapped (-)D888 molecule close to the central pore region are supported by a homology model illustrating that the closed Ca(v)1.2 is able to accommodate a large cation such as (-)D888.
THE EFFECT OF BIOFILM CARRIER LENGTH ON NITRIFICATION IN MOVING BED BIOFILM REACTORS: AN EXAMINATION OF MIXING INTENSITY, SHOCK LOADINGS, AND PH CHANGES (2016)

Biofilms grown on free-floating attachment surfaces, as in integrated fixed film activated sludg (IFAS) and moving bed bioreactors (MBBRs) are commonly used in wastewater treatment, but little is known about how media geometry affects the biofilms and process performance. The objective of this study was to compare nitrification and growth of biofilms grown on different length media in bench-scale MBBRs. The carriers were cut from high density polyethylene tubing with one media type one-third the length of the other, but with inner and outer diameter dimensions identical. Each bioreactor was continuously operated with coarse bubble aeration and provided with a high ammonium loading to promote greatly active nitrifying communities. Biomass measurements were taken regularly to observe growth. A series of variable velocity gradient (G) batch tests was executed to determine the effect of mixing on mass transfer through the biofilms of each media type. High ammonium and variable pH batch tests were also conducted to assess inhibition effects on nitrifiers. Greater biomass was consistently measured on the longer media despite both media types having similar ammonia uptake during continuous operation. Lower G values consistently produced greater ammonia utilization in the short media biofilm than in the long media biofilm. However, at mid to high range G values, ammonia consumption was similar between both biofilms. Ends of media typically had greater biomass and greater nitrate production than middle sections, while ammonia consumption was similar along carrier length. Abrupt changes in ammonium concentration and pH produced significantly greater inhibition effects in the short media biofilm than in the long media biofilm, suggesting greater protection in the biofilm grown on the longer media.
Classification System for Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III/ Lymphadenopathy-Associated Virus Infections (1986)

Infection with the human T-lymphotropic virus type III/ lymphadenopathy-associated virus (HTLV-III/LAV) [now human immunodeficiency virus] can manifest as a spectrum of conditions ranging from severe immunodeficiency to asymptomatic infection. Because of the rapid growth of knowledge about this virus, there is a need for a system to classify patients with the various manifestations of infection. The presented system comprises four mutually exclusive groups: I, acute infection; II, asymptomatic infection, III, persistent generalized lymphadenopathy; and IV, other HTLV-III/LAV disease (with five subgroups, A to E, and two subcategories, C-1 and C-2). The classification should be useful in disease reporting and surveillance, epidemiologic studies, prevention and control activities, and public health policy and planning.
Fast Sparse Gaussian Process Methods: The Informative Vector Machine (2002)

We present a framework for sparse Gaussian process (GP) methods which uses forward selection with criteria based on information-theoretic principles, previously suggested for active learning. Our goal is not only to learn d-sparse predictors (which can be evaluated in O(d) rather than O(n), d ≪ n, n the number of training points), but also to perform training under strong restrictions on time and memory requirements. The scaling of our method is at most O(n · d2), and in large real-world classification experiments we show that it can match prediction performance of the popular support vector machine (SVM), yet can be significantly faster in training. In contrast to the SVM, our approximation produces estimates of predictive probabilities ('error bars'), allows for Bayesian model selection and is less complex in implementation.
Resuspendable Powders of Lyophilized Chalcogen Particles with Activity against Microorganisms (2018)

Many organic sulfur, selenium and tellurium compounds show considerable activity against microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. This pronounced activity is often due to the specific, oxidizing redox behavior of the chalcogen-chalcogen bond present in such molecules. Interestingly, similar chalcogen-chalcogen motifs are also found in the elemental forms of these elements, and while those materials are insoluble in aqueous media, it has recently been possible to unlock their biological activities using naturally produced or homogenized suspensions of respective chalcogen nanoparticles. Those suspensions can be employed readily and often effectively against common pathogenic microorganisms, still their practical uses are limited as such suspensions are difficult to transport, store and apply. Using mannitol as stabilizer, it is now possible to lyophilize such suspensions to produce solid forms of the nanoparticles, which upon resuspension in water essentially retain their initial size and exhibit considerable biological activity. The sequence of Nanosizing, Lyophilization and Resuspension (NaLyRe) eventually provides access to a range of lyophilized materials which may be considered as easy-to-handle, ready-to-use and at the same time as bioavailable, active forms of otherwise insoluble or sparingly substances. In the case of elemental sulfur, selenium and tellurium, this approach promises wider practical applications, for instance in the medical or agricultural arena.
The Great 2008 Chinese Ice Storm: Its Socioeconomic–Ecological Impact and Sustainability Lessons Learned (2010)

Extreme events often expose vulnerabilities of socioeconomic infrastructures and point to directions of much-needed policy change. Integrated impact assessment of such events can lead to finding of sustainability principles. Southern and central China has for decades been undergoing a breakneck pace of socioeconomic development. In early 2008, a massive ice storm struck this region, immobilizing millions of people. The storm was a consequence of sustained convergence between tropical maritime and continental polar air masses, caused by an anomalously stable atmospheric general circulation pattern in both low and high latitudes. Successive waves of freezing rain occurred during a month period, coating southern and central China with a layer of ice 50–160 mm in thickness. We conducted an integrated impact assessment of this event to determine whether and how the context of socioeconomic and human-disturbed natural systems may affect the transition of natural events into human disasters. We found that 1) without contingency plans, advanced technologies dependent on interrelated energy supplies can create worse problems during extreme events, 2) the weakest link in disaster response lies between science and decision making, 3) biodiversity is a form of long-term insurance for sustainable forestry against extreme events, 4) sustainable extraction of nontimber goods and services is essential to risk planning for extreme events in forest resources use, 5) extreme events can cause food shortage directly by destroying crops and indirectly by disrupting food distribution channels, 6) concentrated economic development increases societal vulnerability to extreme events, and 7) formalized institutional mechanisms are needed to ensure that unexpected opportunities to learn lessons from weather disasters are not lost in distracting circumstances.
Exception handling in a parallel functional language: PSML (2003)

Handling exceptional occurrences during computation is a problem in most functional programming languages, even where the computation is eager and sequential. A version of the error value method is presented which allows lazy computation with deterministic semantics for parallel evaluation even in the presence of errors. The realization of this technique is illustrated by reference PSML, a referentially transparent variant of standard ML designed for parallel evaluation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE LANTHANIDE OXIDES. II. HEAT CAPACITIES, THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES, AND SOME ENERGY LEVELS OF SAMARIUM(III), GADOLINIUM(III), AND YTTERBIUM(III) OXIDES FROM 10 TO 350°K.<sup>1</sup> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHERMOPHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE LANTHANIDE OXIDES. II. HEAT CAPACITIES, THERMODYNAMIC PROPERTIES, AND SOME ENERGY LEVELS OF SAMARIUM(III), GADOLINIUM(III), AND YTTERBIUM(III) OXIDES FROM 10 TO 350°K.1Bruce H. Justice and Edgar F. Westrum Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1963, 67, 2, 345–351Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100796a032https://doi.org/10.1021/j100796a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views523Altmetric-Citations56LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
<title>Optimum position and minimum number of field-of-view points for optical system wavefont comprehension</title> (2000)

The double expansion of wavefront deformation in Zernike polynomials over pupil and field-of-view coordinates is a powerful tool for lens design, testing and alignment. It provides a compact description of wavefront deformation of centered and decentered optical systems over the field-of-view. Understanding the structure of this expansion provides a solution for determining the optimum position and minimum number of field-of-view points for wavefront approximation. This can significantly reduce the computational burden of lens design and is especially important for time consuming wavefront testing before lens alignment.
How To Optimize Materials and Devices <i>via</i> Design of Experiments and Machine Learning: Demonstration Using Organic Photovoltaics (2018)

Most discoveries in materials science have been made empirically, typically through one-variable-at-a-time (Edisonian) experimentation. The characteristics of materials-based systems are, however, neither simple nor uncorrelated. In a device such as an organic photovoltaic, for example, the level of complexity is high due to the sheer number of components and processing conditions, and thus, changing one variable can have multiple unforeseen effects due to their interconnectivity. Design of Experiments (DoE) is ideally suited for such multivariable analyses: by planning one's experiments as per the principles of DoE, one can test and optimize several variables simultaneously, thus accelerating the process of discovery and optimization while saving time and precious laboratory resources. When combined with machine learning, the consideration of one's data in this manner provides a different perspective for optimization and discovery, akin to climbing out of a narrow valley of serial (one-variable-at-a-time) experimentation, to a mountain ridge with a 360° view in all directions.
General conversion of phenols to anilines (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleGeneral conversion of phenols to anilinesRoberto A. Rossi and J. F. BunnettCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 22, 3570Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00795a054https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00795a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views422Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Treatment of erythropoietin deficiency in mice with systemically administered siRNA (2012)

Anemia linked to a relative deficiency of renal erythropoietin production is a significant cause of morbidity and medical expenditures in the developed world. Recombinant erythropoietin is expensive and has been linked to excess cardiovascular events. Moreover, some patients become refractory to erythropoietin because of increased production of factors such as hepcidin. During fetal life, the liver, rather than the kidney, is the major source of erythropoietin. In the present study, we show that it is feasible to reactivate hepatic erythropoietin production and suppress hepcidin levels using systemically delivered siRNAs targeting the EglN prolyl hydroxylases specifically in the liver, leading to improved RBC production in models of anemia caused by either renal insufficiency or chronic inflammation with enhanced hepcidin production.