gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Filters for Detection of Small Radar Signals in Clutter (1953)

Radar clutter is distinguished from thermal noise by being caused by random reflection of transmitted electromagnetic energy. This paper considers what may be done by means of linear filtering to improve the detection of small radar signals in the presence of this clutter. Defining the signal-to-clutter ratio as the ratio of the peak signal to the rms value of the clutter, the optimum linear filter is derived for enhancing this ratio. The optimum filter has a frequency characteristic given by the conjugate of the voltage spectrum of the transmitted pulse divided by the power spectrum of the clutter. The synthesis of the optimum filter and various approximations to it are considered. The influence of these filters upon the signal-to-thermal-noise ratio is also investigated. Finally, the influence of the second detector upon the signal-to-clutter or signal-to-noise ratio is considered.
COPOLYMERS OF STYRENE AND CHLORANIL (1950)

The copolymerization of styrene and chloranil in the presence of benzoyl peroxide is described. The molecular weights of the copolymers were determined by osmotic pressure measurements and found to be between 9,000 and 30,000 for the different fractions; their chlorine content is between 37 and 38.2%. The copolymerization occurs with the carbonyl groups of the chloranil, transforming it into a derivative of tetrachlorohydroquinone. This reaction has been verified by degradation of the copolymers with hydrogen bromide.
A Method for the Study of Cellulose Digestion by Washed Suspensions of Rumen Microorganisms (1955)

Summary A technique based on the use of washed suspension of rumen microorganisms was developed for the study of in vitro cellulose digestion. When washed rumen microorganisms were suspended in 20ml. of a mineral nutrient solution containing 0.5% of cellulose, approximately 60% of cellulose was digested during an incubation period of 24 hours. Conditions required for optimum cellulolytic activity, such as pH, concentration of the substrate, concentration of rumen microorganisms, and the duration of incubation, are given. The use of this technique in detecting unidentified factors, as well as in determining the mineral requirements for maximum utilization of cellulose by rumen microorganisms, was discussed.
Mu-Mesonic Molecules. I. Three-Body Problem (1960)

An approximate method is developed for treating a generalized hydrogen-molecule ion in which two heavy particles have positive unit charges and one light particle has a negative unit charge. The expansion parameter of this approximation is the ratio of the light to the heavy mass. In first order, the method requires finding a solution to a pair of ordinary, second-order differential equations, which are coupled unless the masses of the heavy particles are equal. Explicit expressions for the coefficients in these equations are derived. The asymptotic forms of these coefficients for large nuclear separations give to first order the reduced-mas corrections to the binding energy of the light particle on either of the two heavy particles. The usual scattering theory is extended to obtain formulas for the various possible cross sections associated with this system. An iterative, variational technique for obtaining eigenvalues and eigenfunctions for bound states of the system is presented.
Superovulation with a single administration of FSH in aluminum hydroxide gel: a novel superovulation method for cattle (2016)

Superovulation (SOV) is a necessary technique to produce large numbers of embryos for embryo transfer. In the conventional methods, follicular stimulating hormone (FSH) is administered to donor cattle twice daily for 3 to 4 days. As this method is labor intensive and stresses cattle, improving this method has been desired. We previously developed a novel and simple SOV method, in which the intramuscular injection of a single dose of FSH in aluminum hydroxide gel (AH-gel) induced the growth of multiple follicles, ovulation and the production of multiple embryos. Here we show that AH-gel can efficiently adsorb FSH and release it effectively in the presence of BSA, a major interstitial protein. When a single intramuscular administration of the FSH and AH-gel mixture was performed to cattle, multiple follicular growth, ovulation and embryo production were induced. However, the treatments caused indurations at the administration sites in the muscle. To reduce the muscle damage, we investigated alternative administration routes and different amounts of aluminum in the gel. By administering the FSH in AH-gel subcutaneously rather than intramuscularly, the amount of aluminum in the gel could be reduced, thus reducing the size of the induration. Moreover, repeated administrations of FSH with AH-gel did not affect the superovulatory response. These results indicate that a single administration of FSH with AH-gel is an effective, novel and practical method for SOV treatment.
Ultrasonic Visualization of Soft-Tissue Structure, Based on Gradients in Absorption Characteristics (1963)

Experimental support is presented for the feasibility of detecting structural features of soft tissue by a method previously proposed and treated analytically by one of the authors. The method is based on locating regions in which the tissue is characterized by gradients in the value of the ultrasonic absorption coefficient. Two beams of sound are employed—one to induce transient localized nondamaging temperature changes in tissue volumes, thus resulting in gradients of acoustic impedance at sites where ultrasonic absorption-coefficient differences exist, and a second beam to detect and localize the sites of such gradients.
Principles of electrical engineering materials and devices (1996)

Elementary concepts in materials science electrical and thermal conduction in solids elementary quantum physics bonding and the modern theory of solids semiconductors semiconductor devices dielectric materials and insulation optical and optoelectronic materials and devices magnetic materials and superconductivity.
The Year of Magical Thinking: Fraud, Loss, and Grief (2014)

In The Year of Magical Thinking, her wrenching memoir of the year following the death of her husband John Gregory Dunne, Joan Didion describes the episodes of magical thinking that forestalled her acceptance of Dunne&apos;s sudden absence from her life. In the hours after his death, she charged his cell phone. Weeks later, she gave his clothes to charity but kept his shoes because, she thought, &quot;He would need shoes if he were to return.&quot; Modern grief theory tells us that episodes like these are common during the months following a loved one&apos;s death, particularly when the death, like Dunne&apos;s, occurs suddenly and unexpectedly. This article argues that the same type of magical thinking also affects victims offraud. Through a close review of the victim impact statements, in-court allocution, and memoirs of Bernard Madoff&apos;s victims, we can see that the loss of money in a Ponzi scheme often feels like the death of a beloved family member. In both cases, survivors display what Didion calls a &quot;shallowness of sanity. &quot; They imagine alternative scenarios by which their losses can miraculously be unwound. This article examines the parallels between financial loss due to fraud and the death of a loved one and explores, in particular, the magical thinking that has driven some of the Madoff victims &apos; litigation. Though written in the context of the legal profession and focusing on the role of lawyers, the article also offers insights to counselors, family members, and victims offraud
Comparing in vivo kinematics of unicondylar and bi‐unicondylar knee replacements (2005)

Preserving both cruciate ligaments in unicondylar knee arthroplasty likely provides more normal knee mechanics and contributes to enhanced patient function. It follows that preserving both cruciate ligaments with total knee arthroplasty should provide functional benefit compared to arthroplasty sacrificing one or both cruciates. The purpose of this study was to compare knee kinematics in patients with optimally functioning cruciate-preserving medial unicondylar and bi-unicondylar arthroplasty to determine if knee motions differed. Eight consenting patients with seven medial unicondylar and five bi-unicondylar arthroplasties were studied using lateral fluoroscopy during treadmill gait, stair stepping, and maximum flexion activities. Patient-specific geometric models based on CT and CAD data were used for shape matching to determine the three-dimensional knee kinematics. Tibiofemoral contact locations were computed for the replaced compartments. Maximum flexion in kneeling was 135 degrees +/-14 degrees for unicondylar knees and 123 degrees +/-14 degrees for bi-unicondylar knees (p=0.22). For 0 degrees -30 degrees flexion during the stair activity, the medial condyle translated posterior 3.5+/-2.5 mm in unicondylar knees and 4.7+/-1.9 mm in bi-unicondylar knees (p>0.05). Lateral posterior translation was 5.0+/-2.3 mm in bi-unicondylar knees for 0 degrees -30 degrees flexion. From heel-strike to mid-stance phase, there was little tibial rotation, but unicondylar knees showed 1.5+/-1.6 mm posterior translation of the medial condyle, while bi-unicondylar knees showed 5.1+/-2.2 mm (p<<0.05). The bi-unicondylar knees showed 3.8+/-3.4 mm posterior lateral condylar translation. Preserving both cruciate ligaments in knee arthroplasty appears to maintain some basic features of normal knee kinematics. Knees with bi-unicondylar arthroplasty showed kinematics closer to motions observed in total knee arthroplasty, slightly less weight-bearing flexion, and greater dynamic laxity in gait than unicondylar knees. Despite kinematic differences, knees with unicondylar and bi-unicondylar arthroplasty can provide excellent functional outcomes in appropriately selected patients.
Solar Pumped Solid State Lasers (1987)

Results are presented for direct solar pumping of a Nd:YAG rod laser. Stable CW output of more than 60 watts was obtained with slope efficiencies exceeding 2%. Results are consistent with predictions based on a simple solar laser model we have developed. Using this model, performance projections and design concepts for higher power and higher efficiency solar-pumped solid state lasers are presented. It is shown that existing laser materials with broadband absorption characteristics (e.g., alexandrite and Nd:Cr:GSGG) can have better than 10% overall conversion efficiencies when solar pumped. The utility of solar lasers for various laser applications in space is briefly discussed.
The Penn Mutual Building, Philadelphia, 1850-51 (1950)

Research Article| December 01 1950 The Penn Mutual Building, Philadelphia, 1850-51 Charles E. Peterson Charles E. Peterson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (1950) 9 (4): 24–25. https://doi.org/10.2307/987473 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Charles E. Peterson; The Penn Mutual Building, Philadelphia, 1850-51. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 December 1950; 9 (4): 24–25. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/987473 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 on human T lymphocyte activation and proliferation: a cell cycle analysis. (1985)

Recent studies have demonstrated that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (calcitriol), the most biologically active metabolite of vitamin D, is a potent inhibitor of both lectin- and antigen-driven human T lymphocyte proliferation. To better characterize this effect, we performed cell cycle analysis of both untreated and calcitriol-treated peripheral blood mononuclear cells after PHA stimulation. By using the metachromatic dye acridine orange and flow cytometry, we found that calcitriol blocks the transition from the early, low RNA compartment of G1 (G1A) to the late, higher RNA compartment of G1 (G1B). Consistent with this observation was the inability of exogenous IL 1 or phorbol myristic acetate to overcome calcitriol's suppression of DNA synthesis. Indomethacin slightly reversed calcitriol's inhibition of transition from early to late G1, suggesting a minor, prostaglandin-dependent component to calcitriol's antiproliferative activity. Finally, by using the monoclonal antibodies anti-Tac and OKT9, we found that calcitriol had no effect on IL 2 receptor expression, an early G1 event, but markedly inhibited transferrin receptor expression, an IL 2-dependent, late G1 event. Thus, analysis of calcitriol's effects on the expression of these T cell activation antigens provides further evidence of the cell cycle specificity of calcitriol's action in regulating human T lymphocyte proliferation.
Theoretical Studies of the Factors Controlling Insertion Barriers for Olefin Polymerization by the Titanium-Chelating Bridged Catalysts. A Search for More Active New Catalysts (1999)

In search of more active new catalysts, density functional theory was used to predict insertion barriers for ethylene polymerization for a variety of unknown Ti-chelating bridged alkoxide catalysts, [YR‘XR‘Y]TiCH3+, where X, Y = O, S, Se, Te, and R‘ = C6H4, C2H2, C2H4 with and without substituents. The use of ligands having donating and bridging atoms that are capable of donating electron density to the cationic metal center decreases the insertion barriers. For [(C6H4O)X(C6H4O)]TiCH3+, both the olefin coordination energy, X = S(21.4 kcal/mol) > Se(19.2) >Te(16.6), and migratory insertion barrier, X = S(6.4) > Se(5.9) > Te(5.7), decrease with the increasing donating capability of the bridging atom X to the metal center, i.e., via X = S < Se < Te. The oxygen bridge, however, gives the lowest insertion barrier (4.5 kcal/mol) in this group. The role of the phenyl group was explored by replacing it by C2H2 and C2H4 moieties. Having conjugation through the X−CC−Y moiety in these complexes turns out to be very important, allowing the delocalization of electron density from the incoming ethylene molecule through all atoms of the X−[(CC)Y]2 ligand, which in turn makes the bridging atom less positively charged and, consequently, the M−X interaction weaker and the insertion barrier smaller. The increase in the electron density in the X−[(CC)Y]2 ligand, as well as having chelating atoms (like O and S) with p-lone pair electrons, also reduces the insertion barrier. The complexes with the Y(C2H2)X(C2H2)Y ligand where X = Y = O and S are predicted to have the lowest insertion barriers.
Butyrate Specifically Down-Regulates <i>Salmonella</i> Pathogenicity Island 1 Gene Expression (2006)

Invasion of intestinal epithelial cells by Salmonella enterica is decreased after exposure to butyric acid. To understand the molecular mechanisms of this phenomenon, a comparative transcriptomic analysis of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium grown in medium supplemented with butyrate was performed. We found that butyrate down-regulated the expression of 19 genes common to both serovars by a factor of twofold or more, and 17 of these genes localized to the Salmonella pathogenicity island 1 (SPI1). These included the SPI1 regulatory genes hilD and invF. Of the remaining two genes, ampH has 91% homology to an Escherichia coli penicillin-binding protein and sopE2 encodes a type III-secreted effector protein associated with invasion but located at a separate site on the chromosome from SPI1.
Die «Zip»‐Reaktion: Eine neue Ringerweiterungsreaktion. Synthese von 17‐, 21‐ und 25‐gliedrigen Polyaminolactamen. 4. Mitteilung über Umamidierungsreaktionen (1978)

The Zip‐reaction: A New Method for the Synthesis of Macrocyclic Polyaminolactams The 21‐ and 25‐membered aminolactams 11 and 25 were synthesized from the 13‐membered lactam 4 . To introduce the ring enlargement unit (a propylamino group) 4 was N ‐alkylated using acrylonitrile and the resulting product hydrogenated. Repetition of this reaction sequence gave 3 , which was converted in the presence of base in 90% yield to the ring‐enlarged macrocyclic base 11 ( Scheme 2 ). In a similar but stepwise synthesis consisting of two separate ring‐enlargement reactions 4 was transformed to 11 via 13 ( Scheme 4 ). Introducing three ringenlargement units into 4 the 25‐membered aminolactam 25 was synthesized in 84% yield ( Scheme 5 ). The mechanism of the ring‐enlargement reaction is given in Scheme 3 . In comparison to a zip‐fastener or zipper this reaction is called “zipreaction”.
Distributed Feedback Mid-IR Interband Cascade Lasers at Thermoelectric Cooler Temperatures (2007)

Continuous wave (CW) operation of single-mode distributed feedback interband cascade (IC) lasers has been demonstrated at temperatures up to 261 K near ~3.3 m with side-mode-suppression ratio greater than 20 dB. The electrical power consumption is less than 1.1 W over the entire operating range, which enables CW operation using only thermoelectric cooling from ambient temperatures.
Copolymerization of poly(propylene) macromonomer and ethylene with metallocene catalysts (1995)

Abstract Copolymerization of ethylene and poly(propylene) macromonomer(PPM) with Mn⇋710 was conducted with the (t‐butylamido)dimethyl(tetramethyl‐η 5 ‐cyclopentadienyl)silanetitanium dichloride(CGC‐Ti), ethylenebis(tetrahydroindenyl)zirconium dichloride(Et[IndH 4 ] 2 ZrCl 2 ), bis(cyclopentadienyl)zirconium dichloride(Cp 2 ZrCl 2 ) and bis(cyclopentadienyl)titanium dichloride(Cp 2 TiCl 2 ) catalysts using methylaluminoxane as cocatalyst. From the detail analysis of resulting copolymers by DSC, IR and 13 C NMR, it was proved that PPM is copolymerized with ethylene to give poly(ethylene‐co‐PPM). The ability of incorporating PPM in the copolymer was found to increase in the following order: Cp 2 ZrCl 2 «Cp 2 TiCl 2 < Et[IndH 4 ] 2 ZrCl 2 «CGC‐Ti.
A Clinicopathological Study of Human Liver Allograft Recipients Harboring Preformed Igg Lymphocytotoxic Antibodies (1992)

Twenty-six adult patients with preformed IgG donor lymphocytotoxic antibodies received primary liver allografts under FK 506 immunosuppression. The effect of the crossmatch-positive state on early graft function and on the immunopathological and histopathological findings was compared with that of 52 crossmatch-negative control recipients. The presensitized (crossmatch-positive) patients had prolongation of early graft dysfunction, underwent more clinically indicated biopsies and had a higher incidence of cellular rejection, both overall (p less than 0.05) and within 10 days of transplantation (p less than 0.01). They also had a higher incidence of graft failure in the first 180 days (p less than 0.01). Hyperacute rejection with necrotizing or neutrophilic arteritis was not seen in the crossmatch-positive grafts. However, histological findings associated with presensitization included platelet margination in central veins and sinusoids in biopsy specimens 60 to 90 min after graft revascularization. Later biopsy specimens had neutrophilic portal venulitis followed by cholangiolar proliferation, acute cholangiolitis and centrilobular hepatocyte swelling that mimicked preservation injury, endothelial activation of arteries with medial changes and relapsing episodes of acute cellular rejection. These clinicopathological observations suggest that lymphocytotoxic antibodies can have a deleterious effect on liver allograft function and survival, even if they do not precipitate immediate or hyperacute rejection.
Tunnel Diode Logic Circuits (1960)

The recent discovery of the tunnel diode with band-widths extending into the kilomegacycle region has prompted investigation of their use in the logic and control portions of high-speed computers. Considerations of diode uniformity requirements, stability problems and power supply requirements has led to a monostable type of logical circuit. The switching properties of this circuit are analyzed and found to depend upon the negative resistance-capacitance time constant of the unit. The basic function performed by the circuit is a thresholding operation from which a set of logical building blocks is derived. Compatible dynamic and bistable storage schemes are discussed. Of major importance is the effect of diode variations upon the logical gains and delays of the circuits. These properties have been tabulated for tunnel diodes with 5 per cent tolerances on knee current and voltage. Experimental circuits using diodes with a time constant of 1.4 nanoseconds have given a nominal switching time of 7.5 nanoseconds.
Impurity-induced layer-disordered buried heterostructure Al<i>x</i>Ga1−<i>x</i>As-GaAs quantum well edge-injection laser array (1987)

A laser array is described that makes use of edge injection into two sides (two ‘‘edges’’) of a stack of three AlxGa1−xAs-GaAs multiple quantum well active regions. The edge-injection array is realized by impurity-induced layer disordering, which forms a higher gap Si-doped n-type emitter that edge injects electrons into either side of a stack of three lower gap multiple quantum well p-type active regions. The far-field beam divergence in the vertical direction (θ⊥) of the array diode is reduced from 45° to 15° as determined by the laser operation, for comparison, of one of the quantum well active regions (oxide-defined stripe geometry diode).
A technique for modified McCall culdeplasty at the time of abdominal hysterectomy. (1994)

A technique has been described for performing a modified form of the McCall culdeplasty at the time of abdominal hysterectomy. The use of such techniques during abdominal, as well as vaginal, hysterectomy, should help decrease the incidence of posthysterectomy vaginal vault prolapse and enterocele formation.
Extended Control Flow Graph Based Performance Optimization Using Scratch-Pad Memory (2005)

This paper presents an exploration approach for the researcher to choose the suitable size of scratch-pad memory (SPM) for maximal performance improvement of a specified application. The approach uses an extended control flow graph (ECFG) to describe the application and provides a solution to reduce the additional overhead of moving nodes to SPM. Experiments achieves on average 11% increase in performance compared to the previous approaches and 44% decrease in the application's runtime compared to no SPM environment.
Design of a CMOS Tapered Cascaded Multistage Distributed Amplifier (2009)

This paper presents the design and measurement of a distributed amplifier (DA) in a standard 90-nm CMOS process. To improve the gain and bandwidth (BW) of the DA, the use of an elevated coplanar waveguide line and also impedance tapering in the synthesized sections are proposed. The effects of elevation and shielding filaments on the impedance, loss, and effective dielectric constant of the transmission line are investigated and accompanied by measurements. A methodology for CMOS DA design is described that can take advantage of the multiple degrees of freedom in terms of device size, topology, and aspect ratio available in these processes. The fabricated tapered cascaded multistage DA achieves a 3-dB BW of 73.5 GHz with a passband gain of 14 dB. This results in a gain-BW product of 370 GHz. The realized 0-dB BW is 83.5 GHz and the input and output matchings stay better than -9 dB up to 77 and 94 GHz, respectively. The chip consumes an area of 1.5 mm times 1.15 mm, while drawing 70 mA from a 1.2-V supply.