gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Permutation Regularity Lemma (2006)

We introduce a permutation analogue of the celebrated Szemerédi Regularity Lemma, and derive a number of consequences. This tool allows us to provide a structural description of permutations which avoid a specified pattern, a result that permutations which scatter small intervals contain all possible patterns of a given size, a proof that every permutation avoiding a specified pattern has a nearly monotone linear-sized subset, and a "thin deletion" result. We also show how one can count sub-patterns of a permutation with an integral, and relate our results to permutation quasirandomness in a manner analogous to the graph-theoretic setting.
Jane Austen and food (1995)

What was the significance of the pyramid of fruit which confronted Elizabeth Bennet at Pemberley? Or of the cold beef eaten by Willoughby on his journey of repentance to see Marianne? Why is it so appropriate that the scene of Emma's disgrace should be a picnic, and how do the different styles of housekeeping in Mansfield Park engage with the social issues of the day? While Jane Austen does not luxuriate in cataloguing meals in the way of Victorian novelists, food in fact plays a vital part in her novels. Her plots, being domestic, are deeply imbued with the rituals of giving and sharing meals. The attitudes of her characters to eating, to housekeeping and to hospitality are important indicators of their moral worth. In a practice both economical and poetic, Jane Austen sometimes uses specific foodstuffs to symbolize certain qualities at heightened moments in the text. This culminates in the artistic triumph of Emma, in which repeated references to food not only contribute to the solidity of her imagined world, but provide an extended metaphor for the interdependence of a community. In this study, the author offers a perspective on the novels and illuminates a period of food history, as England stood on the brink of urbanization, middle-class luxury, and change in the role of women. Ranging over topics from greed to gender to mealtimes and manners, and drawing on the novels, letters and Austen family papers, she also discusses Jane Austen's own ambivalent attitude to the provision and enjoyment of food.
A novel transcriptional enhancer is involved in the prolactin- and extracellular matrix-dependent regulation of beta-casein gene expression. (1992)

Lactogenic hormones and extracellular matrix (ECM) act synergistically to regulate beta-casein expression in culture. We have developed a functional subpopulation of the mouse mammary epithelial cell strain COMMA-1D (designated CID 9), which expresses high level of beta-casein, forms alveolar-like structures when plated onto the EHS tumor-derived matrix, and secretes beta-casein unidirectionally into a lumen. We have further shown that ECM- and prolactin-dependent regulations of beta-casein occur mainly at the transcriptional level and that 5' sequences play an important role in these regulations. To address the question of the nature of the DNA sequence requirements for such regulation, we analyzed the bovine beta-casein gene promoter in these cells. We now have located a 160-bp transcriptional enhancer (BCE1) within the 5' flanking region of the beta-casein gene. Using functional assays, we show that BCE1 contains responsive elements for prolactin- and ECM-dependent regulation. BCE1 placed upstream of a truncated and inactive beta-casein promoter (the shortest extending from -89 to +42 bp with regard to the transcription start site) reconstitutes a promoter even more potent than the intact promoter, which contains BCE1 in its normal context more than 1.5 kb upstream. This small fusion promoter also reconstitutes the normal pattern of regulation, including a requirement for both prolactin and ECM and a synergistic action of prolactin and hydrocortisone. By replacing the milk promoter with a heterologous viral promoter, we show that BCE1 participates in the prolactin- and ECM-mediated regulation.
Indirect excitation of Er3+ in sol-gel hybrid films doped with an erbium complex (2003)

Transparent sol-gel hybrid films doped with erbium tris 8-hydroxyquinoline were prepared using methyltriethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, and phenyltrimethoxysilane as precursors. We obtain a strong 1.53-μm Er3+ luminescence with a wide full width at half-maximum and no thermal quenching. Comparison of absorption of the film with the pump wavelength dependence of Er3+ luminescence intensity indicates the presence of an efficient indirect excitation path for Er3+ via organic ligands.
<i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i>Leukotoxin Activates a Nonreceptor Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Cascade in Bovine Leukocytes, Which Induces Biological Effects (2001)

The leukotoxin (LktA) produced by Mannheimia haemolytica binds to bovine lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 (LFA-1) and induces biological effects in bovine leukocytes in a cellular and species-specific fashion. We have previously shown that LktA also binds to porcine LFA-1 without eliciting any effects. These findings suggest that the specificity of LktA effects must entail both binding to LFA-1 and activation of signaling pathways which are present in bovine leukocytes. However, the signaling pathways leading to biological effects upon LktA binding to LFA-1 have not been characterized. In this context, several reports have indicated that ligand binding to LFA-1 results in activation of a nonreceptor tyrosine kinase (NRTK) signaling cascade. We designed experiments with the following objectives: (i) to determine whether LktA binding to LFA-1 leads to activation of NRTKs, (ii) to examine whether LktA-induced NRTK activation is target cell specific, and (iii) to determine whether LktA-induced NRTK activation is required for biological effects. We used a biologically inactive mutant leukotoxin (DeltaLktA) for comparison with LktA. Our results indicate that LktA induces tyrosine phosphorylation (TP) of the CD18 tail of LFA-1 in bovine leukocytes. The DeltaLktA mutant does not induce TP of the CD18 tail, albeit binding to bovine LFA-1. LktA-induced TP of the CD18 tail was attenuated by an NRTK inhibitor, herbimycin A; a phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI 3-kinase) inhibitor, wortmannin; and a Src kinase inhibitor, PP2, in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, LktA induces TP of the CD18 tail in bovine, but not porcine, leukocytes. Moreover, LktA-induced intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) elevation was also inhibited by herbimycin A, wortmannin, and PP2. Thus, our data represent the first evidence that binding of LktA to bovine LFA-1 induces a species-specific NRTK signaling cascade involving PI 3-kinase and Src kinases and that this signaling cascade is required for LktA-induced biological effects.
Fertility of Bull Sperm Frozen and Stored in Clarified Egg Yolk-Tris-Glycerol Extender (1999)

Egg yolk-Tris-glycerol extender, which is widely used in commercial artificial insemination (AI), was modified by replacing the 20% egg yolk (vol/vol) with a supernatant from egg yolk centrifuged at 50,000 x g for 2 h and then used to cryopreserve bull sperm. Preliminary studies showed that 20% egg yolk interfered with biochemical assays, which could be overcome by centrifugation. In Experiment 1, semen from 4 Holstein bulls was frozen in the experimental Tris extender and compared with the whole milk-glycerol control. A total of 2256 first services resulted in 72.6% 60- to 90-d nonreturns for the control and 71.0% for the Tris extender. In Experiment 2, semen from 10 Holstein bulls was frozen in the experimental Tris extender. Half of the semen was used immediately and half was stored in liquid nitrogen for 1 yr before distribution. The nonreturn rates based on 8878 first services for 7 bulls that completed both parts of the trial were 70.9% initially and 71.6% 1 yr later. This time trend difference of 0.7% was comparable to 0.6% for the AI mean for Holstein sires used at the same time. These fertility results and previous laboratory studies indicate that the conventional egg yolk-Tris-glycerol might be simplified for cryopreserving bull sperm. The experimental Tris extender also was suitable for making biochemical measurements.
A Distributed Approach to Alarm Management in Chronic Kidney Disease (2014)

This paper presents the feasibility study of using a distributed approach for the management of alarms from chronic kidney disease patients. In a first place, the key issues regarding alarm definition, classification, and prioritization according to available normalization efforts are analyzed for the main scenarios addressed in hemodialysis. Then, the middleware proposed for alarm management is described, which follows the publish/subscribe pattern, and supports the Object Management Group data distribution service (DDS) standard. This standard facilitates the real-time monitoring of the exchanged information, as well as the scalability and interoperability of the solution developed regarding the different stakeholders and resources involved. Finally, the results section shows, through the proof of concept studied, the viability of DDS for the activation of emergency protocols in terms of alarm prioritization and personalization, as well as some remarks about security, privacy, and real-time communication performance.
Calcineurin Promotes Protein Kinase C and c-Jun NH2-terminal Kinase Activation in the Heart (2000)

Multiple intracellular signaling pathways have been shown to regulate the hypertrophic growth of cardiomyocytes. Both necessary and sufficient roles have been described for the mitogen activated protein kinase(1) (MAPK) signaling pathway, specific protein kinase C (PKC) isoforms, and calcineurin. Here we investigate the interdependence between calcineurin, MAPK, and PKC isoforms in regulating cardiomyocyte hypertrophy using three separate approaches. Hearts from hypertrophic calcineurin transgenic mice were characterized for PKC and MAPK activation. Transgenic hearts demonstrated activation of c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK1/2), but not p38 MAPK factors. Calcineurin transgenic hearts demonstrated increased activation of PKCalpha, beta(1), and theta, but not of epsilon, beta(2), or lambda. In a second approach, cultured cardiomyocytes were infected with a calcineurin adenovirus to induce hypertrophy and the effects of pharmacologic inhibitors or co-infection with a dominant negative adenovirus were examined. Calcineurin-mediated hypertrophy was prevented with PKC inhibitors, Ca(2+) chelation, and attenuated with a dominant negative SEK-1 (MKK4) adenovirus, but inhibitors of ERK or p38 activation had no effect. In a third approach, we examined the activation of MAPK factors and PKC isoforms during the progression of load-induced hypertrophy in aortic banded rats with or without cyclosporine. We determined that inhibition of calcineurin activity with cyclosporine prevented PKCalpha, theta, and JNK activation, but did not affect PKCepsilon, beta, lambda, ERK1/2, or p38 activation. Collectively, these data indicate that calcineurin hypertrophic signaling is interconnected with PKCalpha, theta, and JNK in the heart, while PKCepsilon, beta, lambda, p38, and ERK1/2 are not involved in calcineurin-mediated hypertrophy.
Shared control of a pan-tilt camera on an all-terrain mobile robot (2008)

Inspection of an environment is often limited to a single video feed, provenient from a camera assembled on a mobile robot. This is known as the keyhole effect. In addition to this, the operator must often perform several tasks at the same time and specially in cluttered environments it can be hard to navigate the robot and at the same time keep the viewpoint of a camera aligned with a specific point of interest. This paper tackles this problem by proposing two mechanisms for assisting in teleoperation by positioning a pan-tilt camera. The goal consists in improving the teleoperatorpsilas situation awareness. Field trials with a pan-tilt-zoom (PTZ) camera mounted on an all-terrain robot validate the proposed mechanisms.
Fabrication and characteristics of thin-film InGaN–GaN light-emitting diodes with TiO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>omnidirectional reflectors (2007)

In this paper, a novel GaN-based thin-film vertical injection light-emitting diode (LED) structure with a TiO2 and SiO2 omnidirectional reflector (ODR) and an n-GaN rough surface is designed and fabricated. The designed ODR, consisting of alternating TiO2 and SiO2, layers possesses a complete photonic band gap within the blue region of interest. The arrays of the conducting channels are integrated into the TiO2/SiO2 ODR structure for vertically spreading the current. Assisted by the laser lift-off and photo-enhanced chemically etched surface roughening process, the light output power and the external quantum efficiency of our thin-film LED with a TiO2/SiO2 ODR (at a driving current of 350 mA and with chip size of 1 mm × 1 mm) reached 330 mW and 26.7%, increased by 18% and 16%, respectively, compared with the results from the thin-film LED with an Al mirror. By examining the radiation patterns of the LEDs, the optical output power mainly increased within the 120 deg cone due to the higher reflectance of the TiO2/SiO2 ODR within the blue regime.
QoS-based geographic routing for event-driven image sensor networks (2005)

We investigate the use of distributed image sensing for network localization, dynamic routing, and load balancing in wireless sensor networks. In particular, the image sensors are first used to obtain angular bearing information between each network node and a set of other nodes, mobile agents, or targets. This data is used to construct the relative geographic topology of the network. The image sensors are then employed to make periodic measurements, which are reported to the destination via multihop routing. Nodes may also infrequently detect an event from which a set of image frames need to be reported. These high-bandwidth event reports may cause packet queues to develop at the routing nodes along paths to the destination. We propose a distributed routing scheme that employs a cost function based on location data, in-node queue sizes, and energy levels at neighboring nodes. Our scheme also implements a set of relative priority levels for the event-based and periodic data packets. Simulation results are presented and indicate improved network lifetime, lower end-to-end average and maximum delays, and significantly reduced buffer size requirements for the network nodes.
A GEO Satellite System for Broadcast Audio and Multimedia Services Targeting Mobile Users in Europe (2008)

Despite the unqualified success of XM's GEO based satellite radio in the US, some skepticism remained until recently that this success could be duplicated in Europe and that a much more expensive HEO-based system would be needed to achieve the same success. This argument focused on the following challenges that a European GEO system needed to overcome: a) Low elevation angles b) Spectrum scarcity resulting from ETSI allocating only 12.5 MHz for satellite radio for all of Europe c) The large number of countries and languages to be supported The paper introduces the ETSI SDR (Satellite Digital Radio) waveform and describes its key attributes in detail to show how this key piece of technology has enabled WorldSpace to overcome the perceived limitations of a GEO system to develop and deploy the first Satellite Radio service in Europe. The key attributes discussed include the following: a) Flexibility & Spectrum Efficiency b) Fine Grain Control: dynamic service/channel level resource allocation; large number of modulation schemes supported; variable length interleaver rArr just the right QoS for each application c) Advanced FEC: Turbo Coding; large complement of code rates supported rArr Leads to additional Link Margin or capacity. The paper concludes by describing the first European Satellite Radio system developed by WorldSpace and its first results in the Milan, Italy area.
Microbial, Chemical and Methane Production Characteristics of Anaerobically Decomposed Refuse With and Without Leachate Recycling (1992)

Microbial and chemical characteristics of refuse in an active state of methane production, incubated in the laboratory with and without leachate recycle, were compared. There were no significant differences in the total anaerobic population or the sub-populations of cellulolytic, hemicellulolytic, acetogenic or methanogenic (based on acetate or H 2 /CO 2 utilization) bacteria in refuse incubated with or without leachate recycle. Therefore, leachate recycle may be used to accelerate refuse decomposition in laboratory-scale test lysimeters without changing the microbial composition of the aforementioned trophic groups. Differences in soluble constituent concentrations and methane production patterns between leachate recycle and non-leachate recycle containers were attributed to the mixing associated with leachate recycle. Under certain circumstances, leachate recycle is a useful technique for acceleration of refuse decomposition in the laboratory, thus reducing the period of time required to study the effect of an addition to the refuse ecosystem on methane production.
Scattering from bandlimited fractal fibers (1989)

The scattering of electromagnetic or optical waves from tenuous dielectric fibers characterized by bandlimited fractal surfaces is considered. The role of several fractal dimensions is noted, and one suitable for this problem is identified. It is found that in the fractal regime, the Rayleigh-Gans differential scattering cross section as a function of the normalized size parameter exhibits a power-law relation reminiscent of that associated with light scattering from fractal clusters and small-angle X-ray and neutron scattering by porous material. This power-law relation is monotonically related to an appropriate fractal dimension and variance of the fiber surface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tolerable Hearing Aid Delays. I. Estimation of Limits Imposed by the Auditory Path Alone Using Simulated Hearing Losses (1999)

The auditory effects of delays between bone-conducted sound and aid-conducted sound are likely to become disturbing for delays exceeding 20 msec. Somewhat longer delays may be tolerable for moderate to severe hearing losses. These delays are smaller than the delays at which audio-visual integration is disrupted.
A Photoactivatable BODIPY Probe for Localization‐Based Super‐Resolution Cellular Imaging (2018)

The synthesis and application of a photoactivatable boron-alkylated BODIPY probe for localization-based super-resolution microscopy is reported. Photoactivation and excitation of the probe is achieved by a previously unknown boron-photodealkylation reaction with a single low-power visible laser and without requiring the addition of reducing agents or oxygen scavengers in the imaging buffer. These features lead to a versatile probe for localization-based microscopy of biological systems. The probe can be easily linked to nucleophile-containing molecules to target specific cellular organelles. By attaching paclitaxel to the photoactivatable BODIPY, in vitro and in vivo super-resolution imaging of microtubules is demonstrated. This is the first example of single-molecule localization-based super-resolution microscopy using a visible-light-activated BODIPY compound as a fluorescent probe.
Space-frequency block motion field modeling for video coding (2001)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
Partner-Aware Prediction of Interacting Residues in Protein-Protein Complexes from Sequence Data (2011)

Computational prediction of residues that participate in protein-protein interactions is a difficult task, and state of the art methods have shown only limited success in this arena. One possible problem with these methods is that they try to predict interacting residues without incorporating information about the partner protein, although it is unclear how much partner information could enhance prediction performance. To address this issue, the two following comparisons are of crucial significance: (a) comparison between the predictability of inter-protein residue pairs, i.e., predicting exactly which residue pairs interact with each other given two protein sequences; this can be achieved by either combining conventional single-protein predictions or making predictions using a new model trained directly on the residue pairs, and the performance of these two approaches may be compared: (b) comparison between the predictability of the interacting residues in a single protein (irrespective of the partner residue or protein) from conventional methods and predictions converted from the pair-wise trained model. Using these two streams of training and validation procedures and employing similar two-stage neural networks, we showed that the models trained on pair-wise contacts outperformed the partner-unaware models in predicting both interacting pairs and interacting single-protein residues. Prediction performance decreased with the size of the conformational change upon complex formation; this trend is similar to docking, even though no structural information was used in our prediction. An example application that predicts two partner-specific interfaces of a protein was shown to be effective, highlighting the potential of the proposed approach. Finally, a preliminary attempt was made to score docking decoy poses using prediction of interacting residue pairs; this analysis produced an encouraging result.
Silver nanoparticles immobilized on thin film composite polyamide membrane: characterization, nanofiltration, antifouling properties (2007)

Abstract Microbial biofouling is one of the major obstacles for reaching the ultimate goal of realizing a high permeability over a prolonged period of nanofiltration operation. In this study, the hybrid nanocomposite membranes consisting of silver (Ag) nanoparticles with antibiofouling capability on microorganism and polyamide (PA) were prepared by in situ interfacial polymerization and characterized by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The hybrid membranes were shown to possess the dramatic antibiofouling effect on Pseudomonas. In addition, Ag nanocomposite membranes had little influence on the performances of the membrane such as on water flux and salt rejection. SEM analysis results showed that all Pseudomonas were dead on the PA/Ag nanocomposite membrane, indicating the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles. This investigation offers a strong potential for possible use as a new type of antibiofouling membrane. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.