gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recent Studies on the Structure and Function of Multisubstrate Flavin-Containing Monooxygenases (1993)

Interest in the oxidation of xenobiotics catalyzed by flavin-containing monooxygenases has expanded dramatically over the past decade. Studies on their exceptional substrate range, wide tissue distribution, and the existence of multiple forms are perhaps the major developments that have stimulated recent work on these enzymes. In addition, the reports by Smith and his associates on the polymorphism of the N-oxygenation of trimethylamine (1) and nicotine (2) in humans apparently due to a genetic defect in one or more of the flavin-containing monooxygenases has fueled further interest in the role of these enzymes in the metabolism of xenobiotics. This review focuses primarily on recent work on the number of isoforms (based largely on differences in primary structures deduced from cDNAs) present in major organs of entry, possible methods for estimating substrate specificity and activity of different isoforms in crude tissue preparations, and methods for manipUlating hepatic concentration (activity) of flavin-containing monooxygenases with dietary xenobiotics. The latter work, while still in very early stages, will undoubtedly have a significant impact on this area of drug metabolism by providing a convenient model for assessing the effect of changes in the concentration of these enzymes on the metabolism of a specific
<b>Independent Autonomic Modulation of the Human Sinus and AV Nodes</b>: Evidence From Beat‐to‐Beat Measurements of PR and PP Intervals During Sleep (1995)

Beat-to-beat measurement of PR intervals allows for evaluation of autonomic effects on the human AV node. The different patterns in PR intervals during sudden spontaneous increases in HR and the tonic changes in PR interval indicate that the autonomic inputs to the SA and AV nodes are, in principle, independent of each other.
Evidence for an in vivo role of insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 and -2 as inhibitors of collagen gene expression in vitamin C-deficient and fasted guinea pigs. (1994)

Acutely scorbutic and fasted (vitamin C-supplemented) guinea pigs exhibit decreased collagen gene expression associated with weight loss. We recently demonstrated that circulating insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 and -2 (IGFBP-1 and -2) are induced in these deficiencies, and that removal of IGFBP-1 and -2 from serum of such animals by specific antibodies reverses inhibition of cellular IGF-I-dependent functions, including collagen and DNA synthesis. Here we investigated the kinetics of induction of IGFBP-1 and -2 relative to suppression of collagen gene expression. Guinea pigs were fasted for 10-96 h, with 3-24% weight loss, or received an ascorbate-free diet for up to 4 weeks, with 5-28% weight loss during the third and fourth weeks (phase II of scurvy). In both deficiencies, there was noncoordinate regulation of collagen mRNA expression in tissues. Type I collagen mRNA concentrations in skin decreased rapidly after 5-10% weight loss and reached about 10% of normal levels, whereas in bone, there was a later, and not as extensive, decrease. The concentration of cartilage type II collagen mRNA decreased rapidly initially, but then remained at 40-50% of normal. Circulating IGF-I concentrations remained normal during the period when collagen gene expression was initially suppressed, although there was a later decrease. In contrast, mRNAs for IGFBP-1 and -2 and the circulating proteins were induced before or concomitantly with the suppression of collagen gene expression. The ability of fasted or scorbutic guinea pig sera to inhibit IGF-I action in cells increased in parallel with IGFBP activity ([125I]IGF-I binding), which, in turn, mainly reflected the concentration of IGFBP-1 in sera. Serum insulin may be the primary regulator of the IGFBPs. Its levels were decreased to 10-13% of normal when weight loss commenced, whereas cortisol levels, although increased, did not correlate with the induction of IGFBPs. The overall results taken together with our recent findings from cell culture experiments are compatible with circulating IGFBP-1 and -2 acting as inhibitors of collagen gene expression by blocking IGF-I action during fasting and phase II of vitamin C deficiency.
Application of laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for total carbon quantification in soil samples (2012)

The increase of greenhouse gas (i.e., CO(2)) levels in the atmosphere has caused noticeable climate change. Many nations are currently looking into methods of permanent underground storage for CO(2) in an attempt to mitigate this problem. The goal of this work is to develop a process for studying the total carbon content in soils before, during, and after CO(2) injection to ensure that no leakage is occurring or to determine how much is leaking if it is occurring and what effect it will have on the ecosystem between the injection formation and the atmosphere. In this study, we quantitatively determine the total carbon concentration in soil using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). A soil sample from Starkville, Mississippi, USA was mixed with different amounts of carbon powder, which was used as a calibration for additional carbon in soil. Test samples were prepared by adding different but known amounts of carbon powder to a soil sample and then mixing with polyvinyl alcohol binder before being pressed into pellets. LIBS spectra of the test samples were collected and analyzed to obtain optimized conditions for the measurement of total carbon in soil with LIBS. The total carbon content in the samples was also measured by a carbon analyzer, and the data (average of triplicates) were used as a reference in developing calibration curves for a modified version of the single linear regression model and the multiple linear regression model. The calibration data were then used to determine the total carbon concentration of an unknown sample. This work is intended to be used in the initial development of a miniaturized, field-portable LIBS analyzer for CO(2) leak detection.
A Broadband Low-profile Circular Polarized Antenna on an AMC Reflector (2017)

A broadband low-profile circular-polarized (CP) antenna on an artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) reflector is proposed in this letter. The basic wideband circular polarization radiation characteristic of the antenna is achieved by feeding broadband crossed dipole through a 90° phase shifter. An AMC reflector is further introduced to realize a broadband low-profile CP antenna. The impedance bandwidth (VSWR <; 2) of the present CP antenna is about 1.19-2.37 GHz (66.3%), and the axial-ratio (AR) bandwidth (AR <; 3 dB) is about 1.25-1.97 GHz (44.7%). The antenna has a low profile of 20.1 mm (about 0.12 λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> at the center frequency of 1.78 GHz). The simulated and measured results show that the proposed CP antenna has wide impedance and AR bandwidth in the condition of low profile.
β-Glucuronidase activity and mitochondrial dysfunction: the sites where flavonoid glucuronides act as anti-inflammatory agents (2014)

Epidemiological and experimental studies suggest that the consumption of flavonoid-rich diets decreases the risk of various chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases. Although studies on the bioavailability of flavonoids have been well-characterized, the tissue and cellular localizations underlying their biological mechanisms are largely unknown. The development and application of novel monoclonal antibodies revealed that macrophages could be the major target of dietary flavonoids in vivo. Using macrophage-like cell lines in vitro, we examined the molecular basis of the interaction between the macrophages and flavonoids, especially the glucuronide metabolites. We have found that extracellular β-glucuronidase secreted from macrophages is essential for the bioactivation of the glucuronide conjugates into the aglycone, and that the enzymatic activity, which requires an acidic pH, is promoted by the increased secretion of lactate in response to the mitochondrial dysfunction. This review describes our recent findings indicating the molecular mechanisms responsible for the anti-inflammatory activity of dietary flavonoids within the inflammation sites. We propose that the extracellular activity of β-glucuronidase associated with the status of the mitochondrial function in the target cells might be important biomarkers for the specific sites where the glucuronides of dietary flavonoids can act as anti-atherosclerotic and anti-inflammatory agents in vivo.
Hypoglycemic activity of certain heterocyclic acid derivatives (1973)

新合成異環状カルボン酸 (NDM) 誘導体の主として経口投与による血糖低下作用について検討し次のごとき結果をえた. 1) ブドウ糖負荷ラットにおいて, 3または5位にmethyl基,あるいはこれとともに5または3位にcarboxyl基, carboxylic acidおよびcarboxylic acid amideなどが導入された誘導体は強い血糖低下作用を有していた. 2) ウサギにおける耐糖力試験では, isoxazole系誘導体は軽度陰性, pyrazole系誘導体は軽度陽性傾向を示した. 3) マウスにおける低血糖試験では,ブドウ糖の投与によってNDM誘導体によるLD50や死亡までの時間は有意な変化をうけなかった. 4)ウサギにおけるハソピング試験では, isoxazole系, pyrazole系誘導体ともに陽性傾向を示した. 5) イヌとウサギの正常血糖値および膵臓摘出ラットの高血糖値は, NDM誘導体投与によってはほとんど影響をうけなかった. 6) ウサギの正常血糖値およびalloxan糖尿病ウサギの高血糖値は, NDM誘導体の投与によってはほとんど有意義な低下現象は認められなかった. 7) エピネフリン過血糖試験では, isoxazole系誘導体では陽性傾向, pyrazole系誘導体は陰性傾向を示した. 8) ラットにおいて, NDM誘導体は,肝臓glycogen量を低下させえなかったが,ブドウ糖投与による肝臓glycogen量の増加作用を抑制した. 9) ブドウ糖負荷副腎摘出ラットでは,同じブドウ糖負荷正常ラットにおけるとほぼ同じ比率で血糖低下作用をおこした. 10)ブドウ糖負荷ラットにおいて, tolbutamide, oxalacetic acidまたはinsulinとNDM誘導体の併用による血糖低下作用の協力増強効果は認められなかった. 11) ウサギの正常遊離脂肪酸量はNDM誘導体投与によって軽度の増加をおこしたり,またはわずかな減少をおこした. 12) ウサギにおいてブドウ糖投与時, NDM誘導体によって糖の尿中排泄量が著明に増加された. 以上の結果から,異項環状カルボン酸誘導体は,特に外因性ブドウ糖の著明な尿中排泄促進作用によって血糖値を低下させる作用を有すると考えられるが,内因性血糖上昇作用に対しては抑制効果は少ないものと考えれる.
SDN-Based Source Routing for Scalable Service Chaining in Datacenters (2016)

The migration of network functions (NFs) to datacenters, as promoted by Network Function Virtualization (NFV), raises the need for service chaining (i.e., steering traffic through a sequence of NFs). Service chaining is typically performed by installing forwarding entries in switches within datacenters (DCs). However, as the number of service chains in DCs grows, switches will be required to maintain a large amount of forwarding state. This will raise a dataplane scalability issue, due to the relatively small flow table size of switches. To mitigate this problem, we present a software-defined network (SDN) based source routing architecture for scalable service chaining, at which the NF-path is encoded into the packet header obviating the need for any forwarding state and lookup in the switches. We assess the feasibility and efficiency of our architecture using a prototype implementation.
Optimization and Control of Industrial Gas-Phase Ethylene Polymerization Reactors (1998)

A previously developed mathematical model for ethylene polymerization in a fluidized bed reactor was used to investigate the process static and dynamic behavior. The static analysis determined optimal operating conditions at which the monomer conversion can be increased to 25% per pass. However, this optimal operating point was shown to be unstable, and thus any changes in the plant operation may lead to temperature runaway, degrading the reactor performance. In addition, the reactor temperature must be kept within a narrow range between the gas dew point and the polymer melting point. For these reasons, two control algorithms, that is, proportional-integral (PI) and nonlinear model predictive control (NLMPC), were tested for the stabilization of the process during load changes. The PI closed-loop dynamic simulations indicated that using the reactor feed temperature solely as a manipulated variable was not sufficient to stabilize the reactor temperature. However, good PI feedback performance was obtained when the feed temperature and the superficial velocity were used to control the reactor temperature and the monomer concentration. This control structure was selected arbitrarily whereas the control structure recommended by standard methods such as RGA and SVD performed poorly. On the other hand, the NLMPC out-performed the PI control in terms of minimum tuning and controller design efforts.
Smart rooms, smart clothes (2002)

To change inanimate objects like offices, houses, cars, or glasses into smart, active helpmates they need to have perceptual intelligence. They need to begin paying attention to people and the surrounding situation the way another person would. That way they can begin to adapt their behavior to us, rather than the other way around. We have developed computer systems that can follow people's actions, recognizing their faces, gestures, and expressions. Using this technology we have begun to make "smart rooms" and "smart clothes" that can help people in day-to-day life, have the potential to recognize people, understand their speech, allow them to control computer displays without wires or keyboards, communicate by sign language, and warn them they are about to make a mistake.
Aluminum exchanged sepiolite as components of FCC catalysts (1990)

Sepiolite is a fibrous magnesium silicate, which is formed of talc-like ribbons arranged in such a way that the tetrahedral sheet is continuous but inverts apical directions in adjacent ribbons. In this way, channels of 10.8 {times} 4.0 {angstrom} in a cross-section perpendicular to the length of the fiber (C axis) are generated. The average fiber length of the mineral varies between 0.5 and 1.0 {mu}m, and reagent molecules have only access to a small portion of the interior of the channels. Natural or acid leached sepiolite have been found useful for vanadium passivation in FCC catalysts. The authors have modified the sepiolite in order to improve the textural characteristics, while removing the Mg{sup 2+} ions of the border and introducing other cations which can give acid properties to this material. Conclusions are as follows: (1) It is possible to prepare, by a conventional treatment, sepiolites in which the magnesium at the borders of the channels has been substituted by Al{sup 3+}. (2) These samples show a much higher acidity and hydrothermal stability than natural sepiolites, being most of the acidity in the range of mild strengths. (3) Aluminic sepiolites, while being good for vanadium passivation, do not present themore » inconvenience due to Mg migrations to the zeolite (if in the same particle) shown by natural sepiolite. (4) They present a good gasoil cracking activity and selectivity, specially useful for bottoms conversion. All these characteristics make aluminum sepiolites materials worth testing in a larger scale for catalytic cracking of residues.« less
Evaporation characteristics of micropores in biomimetic micropump (2014)

A modified biomimetic micropump based on the stomatal transpiration principle is presented. The micropump is designed to have a layer of SU‐8 microporous membrane and a layer of hydrophilic microporous ceramics, which reflects the natural plant stomata and mesophyll cells. The evaporation characteristics of the different stomata are analysed qualitatively by an established model. There is a positive connection between the stomata evaporation flux and the micropump flow rate. Corresponding experiments on micropump flow rate are conducted. The presented micropump has favourable assembly and reuse properties. The results indicate that the water vapour distribution in the stomata has a trend of edge effect. It also shows that the fluid flow rate in the micropump changes regularly with the stomata size and spacing.
Dynamic Ductile Fracture Analysis of Natural Gas Pipelines on the Basis of Material Grade and Charpy V-Notch Impact Energy (2012)

가스배관 종류 및 사용 환경에 따른 거시적 파괴거동 평가해석을 위하여 1) 가스배관의 특성 및 환경에 따른 파괴거동 변화의 컴퓨터해석과 2) Battelle Two-Curve Method를 이용한 연속연성파괴거동 평가해석을 수행하였다. 새로운 사용환경의 가스와 오일의 배관계획이 진행되면서, 개선된 성능, 신뢰성, 그리고 경제성을 위한 재료가 요구되고 있다. 여기서 제시되는 연속연성파괴 해석은 높은 배관압력, 큰 배관직경과 같은 배관 특성의 변화와 천연가스와 같이 다양한 성분을 함유하는 가스, 수소가스, 액화 이산화탄소 등과 같이 다양한 수송매체의 변화를 수용하기 위한 배관시스템에서 고려하여야 할 중요한 기술요소이다. To analyze the macroscopic fracture behavior as functions of the gas pipeline grade and the working environment, following analyses have been accomplished. Computer analysis of changes in fracture behaviors according to the working conditions of pipelines and Analysis of dynamic ductile fracture behaviors using the Battelle Two Curve Method. Recently, an economic and reliable pipe materials with improved performance has been needed for the severe pipeline working condition and new transporting materials. As the grade of pipe materials became higher, the possibility of dynamic ductile fracture could be increased. Therefore, the understanding of the technology to control and arrest the dynamic ductile fracture is important.
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of the receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator by cytokines and tumour promoters in the human lung carcinoma cell line A549 (1995)

The receptor for urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPAR) is an integral membrane protein that specifically binds urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and plays a crucial role in cell surface plasmin generation. We have previously found that transforming growth factor-beta, type 1 (TGF-beta 1), increases uPAR gene transcription in the human lung carcinoma cell line A549 and now report that also epidermal growth factor (EGF) and the tumour promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) cause increased uPAR transcription and that PMA and TGF-beta 1 in addition increase the stability of uPAR mRNA, while EGF has no effect on this parameter. All three compounds also increase the uPAR protein level, as measured by cell-binding experiments with radiolabelled ligand. The increase in uPAR protein level was however considerably lower with all three compounds than the increase in mRNA level, suggesting that they also exert a translational or post-translational control. Accompanying the increase in the number of uPAR molecules there was a proportional decrease in their ligand-binding affinity, the mechanism of which is unknown. Platelet-derived growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor and cyclic AMP analogues did not induce any change in the uPAR mRNA level in A549 cells. Previous studies have shown that expression of uPA and its type-1 inhibitor is regulated by a variety of cytokines in a cell-specific manner. The present study indicates that cytokines in addition influence cell surface plasminogen activation by regulating uPAR expression.
Antifibrotic effects of hepatocyte growth factor on scleroderma fibroblasts and analysis of its mechanism (2006)

We investigated the effect of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) on collagen metabolism in cultured fibroblasts from scleroderma (SSc) patients and discussed the possible mechanism of its effect. Synthesis of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) and collagen and mRNA levels of various cytokines were examined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and real-time polymerase chain reaction, respectively. Hepatocyte growth factor enhanced MMP-1 production and mRNA levels of MMP-1 and Ets-1 (a transcriptional factor of MMPs). In addition, HGF suppressed collagen synthesis and mRNA levels of procollagenalpha1(I) and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) in SSc fibroblasts. Expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta1 was not inhibited significantly in SSc or control fibroblasts. Hepatocyte growth factor also increased interferon (IFN)-gamma mRNA significantly in SSc and control fibroblasts. Addition of anti-HGF antibody neutralized these effects of HGF on MMP-1 and collagen synthesis. The results suggest that HGF can suppress collagen accumulation in SSc fibroblasts by increasing MMP-1 levels possibly via activation of Ets-1 and also by decreasing collagen synthesis, which may be partly related to inhibition of CTGF, and increasing IFN-gamma levels rather than the effect on TGF-beta1. The present study indicates that HGF may be a promising therapeutic agent for this intractable disease.
Electron-beam lithography system using a quadrupole triplet (1988)

A variable spot-shaping system using an electrostatic quadrupole triplet has been developed to provide a more flexible pattern generation without loss of beam current accompanying a change of dimension of the shaped beam. The quadrupole electron-beam lithography system (QEBS) consists of a LaB6 electron gun, magnetic illuminating lenses, square apertures, an electrostatic quadrupole triplet, and an octopole deflector. The high precision electrostatic quadrupole triplet has been newly developed for this system. The length of the shaped beam can be varied from 0.3 to 30 μm for a rectangular beam and from 1 to 200 μm for a linear beam by adjusting the excitation voltages of the second and the third quadrupoles. The excitation voltages of the quadrupole triplet are controlled by floating digital/analog (D/A) converters with high voltage amplifiers and high-precision dc voltage sources. Preliminary parttern exposures demonstrate that the QEBS is suitable for forming fine line patterns.
Effect on the peripheral nervous system of the short-term intravenous administration of paclitaxel in the rat. (1997)

The effectiveness of paclitaxel (Taxol) in the treatment of different tumors is well-known but, on the other hand, there is little information regarding its neurotoxicity and the mechanism(s) underlying this potentially severe side effect. In this study, using behavioral, neurophysiological, morphological and morphometric methods, we evaluated the effect of intravenous administration of paclitaxel on the rat nervous system. After 2 pilot studies, 40 female Wistar rats were treated with intravenous paclitaxel via a catheter placed in the jugular vein, while 20 animals were used as controls. Paclitaxel dissolved in ethanol/Tween 80/saline (5/5/90%) was administered 5 times over a period of 10 days. At the end of the experiment half the surviving animals in each group were evaluated and sacrificed (day 11), while the rest of the rats were evaluated and sacrificed on day 25. On day 11 the treated animals had significant impairment in pain perception (tail-flick test), coordination (rota-rod test) and nerve conduction velocity in the tail nerve. At the light microscope minimal axonal damage and Schwann cell activation were observed in the sciatic nerve. At the electron microscope microtubular accumulation was present within the axon in dorsal and ventral spinal roots and in the sciatic nerve. On day 25 the behavioral tests were normal in treated rats, while the nerve conduction velocity was still moderately reduced in comparison with the controls. At the electron microscope a morphological examination evidenced that microtubular accumulation was less severe, but still evident, especially in the sciatic nerve. Morphometric determinations performed on days 11 and 25 did not evidence differences between paclitaxel-treated rats and controls. The results of this study, the first in which an extended examination of the nervous system of animals treated intravenously with paclitaxel has been carried out, suggest that short-term administration of the drug induces mainly reversible changes in the peripheral nerves and spinal roots. Microtubules seem to be the main target of paclitaxel neurotoxicity, in much the same way as has been described for its antineoplastic activity. Finally, no pathological changes were seen in the neuronal bodies of the spinal cord and dorsal root ganglia. This model may be used for further studies with combination treatments with other antineoplastic or neuroprotective agents.