gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Method for Low-Cost Titanium Production (2010)

The present work deals with the investigation of an electrolytic method for titanium production that uses TiO2 enriched titania slag as raw material. The process involves two steps: i) carbothermal reduction of the slag to form titanium oxycarbide powder; and ii) electrolysis in a molten chloride-based electrolyte using a titanium oxycarbide consumable anode. Electrochemical studies show the stability of the different Ti species in the equimolar NaCl-KCl melt at 850oC. These results, together with previous work about the anodic oxidation mechanism of a consumable titanium oxycarbide anode in molten chlorides, allow us to optimize the anode and cathode voltages in the electrolysis experiments. The results show that best quality titanium deposits are obtained when the reduction occurs in a single electrochemical step, i.e. directly from di-valent titanium species to Ti metal. Then, the complete conversion of the Ti(III) ions released from the consumable oxycarbide anode to Ti(II) species by adding Ti sponge to the electrolyte, must be fulfilled.
B cell receptor signaling in human systemic lupus erythematosus (2006)

The studies reviewed suggest that B cells from systemic lupus erythematosus patients display molecular signaling defects that most likely contribute to pathogenesis of the disease and explain the characteristic hyperactivity of B cells in active disease.
<title>Micromechanical cantilevers and scanning probe microscopes</title> (1995)

We have fabricated two microelectromechanical scanning tunneling microscopes (Micro- STMs) with 3D (xyz) actuators and integrated high aspects ratio tips. The reduction in the size of scanning probe microscopes allows for faster scanning speeds, array architectures, and massively parallel operation. The two Micro-STMs are fabricated from single crystal silicon using the high-aspect-ratio SCREAM process and are small enough to be used in array architectures. The torsional cantilever design used for out-of-plane (z) motion can be easily be adapted to scanning force microscopy. Typical atomic force microscope cantilevers have spring constants on the order of 0.01 - 10 N/m. To produce cantilevers with lower spring constants, ordinary thin film techniques would require longer (several mm) and thinner (sub- micrometers ) cantilevers. A mechanical analysis of torsional cantilevers reveals that high aspect ratio rectangular beams, such as the ones we fabricate, are easily twisted. By using the torsional design, we can achieve lower spring constants (10<SUP>-1</SUP> - 10<SUP>-7</SUP> N/m) without having to make a very thin film cantilever. We have demonstrated torsional cantilevers with spring constants on the order of 10<SUP>-2</SUP> N/m. These cantilevers can be used as extremely sensitive force sensors for atomic force microscopy.
Bio-Monitoring of Mangal Sediments and Tissues for Heavy Metal Accumulation in the Mangrove Forest of Cross River Estuary (2015)

Background: Mangroves are among the most productive intertidal ecosystems on earth. They serve as nursery and breeding grounds for several commercially important species of marine fauna. Despite their economic and ecological importance, they are under threat from over-exploitation and organic and inorganic pollution sources. This has led to their use as bio-indicators for pollution monitoring programmes. Therefore, the need to periodically monitor the Cross River Estuary mangroves for heavy metals pollution should not be overemphasized given the high premium placed on this ecosystem. Objectives: The present study was aimed at evaluating mangrove sediments and tissues for heavy metals accumulation in the different tidal levels of Cross River Estuary which will be an indicator for pollution. Method: Ten random samples of composite surface sediments (0-5 cm) were collected from low, mid and high tidal levels using a modified Van Veen (0.1 m 2 ) grab sampler. Also samples of senescent leaves, barks and roots of randomly selected ten individual plants of Nypa fruticans (low tide), Rhizophora racemosa (mid tide) and Avicennia africana (high tide) were also collected for heavy metal analyses during the year 2011. Result: The results showed that there were significant variations (p<0.05) in heavy metals deposition across the tidal levels. In the mangrove sediments, iron (Fe) content (415.8 mg gG 1 dry weight) was highest in the high tidal level where A. africana was predominantly sampled while N. fruticans (low tide) had the lowest deposition of the metal (304.4 mg gG 1 dry weight). The accumulation of heavy metals in the mangrove tissues took the general trend of root >bark >leaves, the mangrove notwithstanding. It was also observed that cadmium deposition in sediments was comparatively higher than RSV indicating possible cadmium pollution. Generally, accumulation of heavy metals in the mangrove forest of Cross River estuary was within permissible limits. Conclusion: Although the concentrations obtained for the heavy metals studied are generally below documented toxic levels, however, the increasing level of urbanization and industrialization in Calabar municipality and its environs calls for continuous vigilance, surveillance and monitoring of this sensitive and all important ecosystem to protect and ensure that heavy metal pollution is minimal.
Smart Grid Communication Technologies in the Brazilian Electrical Sector (2013)

Intelligent electrical grids can be considered as the next generation of electrical energy transportation. The enormous potential leads to worldwide focus of research on the technology of smart grids. This paper aims to present a review of the Brazilian electricity sector in context with the integration of communication technologies for smart grids. The work gives an overview of the generation, transmission and distribution of electrical energy in the Brazil and a brief summary of the current electricity market. Smart grid technologies are introduced and the requirements for the Brazilian power system are pointed out. Various technologies for communication within an intelligent network are presented and their characteristics, advantages and disadvantages are compared to the Brazilian conditions. In addition, a summary is given of current pilot projects for Smart Grid technologies within Brazil, as well as a presentation of individual selected projects.
Proteolytic Processing and Primary Structure ofPlasmodium falciparum Apical Membrane Antigen-1 (2001)

Plasmodium falciparum apical membrane antigen-1 (PfAMA-1) is a malaria merozoite integral membrane protein that plays an essential but poorly understood role in invasion of host erythrocytes. The PfAMA-1 ectodomain comprises three disulfide-constrained domains, the first of which (domain I) is preceded by an N-terminal prosequence. PfAMA-1 is initially routed to secretory organelles at the apical end of the merozoite, where the 83-kDa precursor (PfAMA-1(83)) is converted to a 66-kDa form (PfAMA-1(66)). At about the time of erythrocyte invasion, PfAMA-1(66) selectively translocates onto the merozoite surface. Here we use direct microsequencing and mass spectrometric peptide mass fingerprinting to characterize in detail the primary structure and proteolytic processing of PfAMA-1. We have determined the site at which processing takes place to convert PfAMA-1(83) to PfAMA-1(66) and have shown that both species possess a completely intact and unmodified transmembrane and cytoplasmic domain. Following relocation to the merozoite surface, PfAMA-1(66) is further proteolytically cleaved at one of two alternative sites, either between domains II and III, or at a membrane-proximal site following domain III. As a result, the bulk of the ectodomain is shed from the parasite surface in the form of two soluble fragments of 44 and 48 kDa. PfAMA-1 is not detectably modified by the addition of N-linked oligosaccharides.
pH‐responsive hydrogels with dispersed hydrophobic nanoparticles for the delivery of hydrophobic therapeutic agents (2012)

To investigate the delivery of hydrophobic therapeutic agents, a new class of polymer carriers was synthesized. These carriers are composed of two components: (i) a pH-responsive hydrogel composed of methacrylic acid grafted with poly(ethylene glycol) tethers, P(MAA-g-EG), and (ii) hydrophobic poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanoparticles. Before the P(MAA-g-EG) hydrogel was crosslinked, PMMA nanoparticles were added to the solution and upon exposure to UV light they were photoencapsulated throughout the P(MAA-g-EG) hydrogel structure. The pH-responsive behavior of P(MAA-g-EG) is capable of triggered release of a loaded therapeutic agent, such as a low molecular weight drug or protein, when it passes from the stomach (low pH) to upper small intestine (neutral pH). The introduction of PMMA nanoparticles into the hydrogel structure affected the swelling behavior, therapeutic agent loading efficiency, and solute release profiles. In equilibrium swelling conditions the swelling ratio of nanoparticle-containing hydrogels decreased with increasing nanoparticle content. Loading efficiencies of the model therapeutic agent fluorescein ranged from 38 - 51 % and increased with increasing hydrophobic content. Release studies from neat P(MAA-g-EG) and the ensuing P(MAA-g-EG) hydrogels containing nanoparticles indicated that the transition from low pH (2.0) to neutral pH (7.0) triggered fluorescein release. Maximum fluorescein release depended on the structure and hydrophobicity of the carriers used in these studies.
Thromboembolic Complications of Cardiac Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (1999)

The thromboembolic complications of RFCA are not eliminated by the treatment of intravenous herapin and mode of temperature control during ablation. Potential approaches to further reduce the risk of thromboembolism include the adjunctive administration of specific inhibitors of platelet activation and aggregation, intraprocedural intracardiac echocardiography, irrigated radiofrequency ablation, and cryoablation catheter systems.
Toward a brain interface for tracking attended auditory sources (2016)

Auditory-evoked noninvasive electroencephalography (EEG) based brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) could be useful for improved hearing aids in the future. This manuscript investigates the role of frequency and spatial features of audio signal in EEG activities in an auditory BCI system with the purpose of detecting the attended auditory source in a cocktail party setting. A cross correlation based feature between EEG and speech envelope is shown to be useful to discriminate attention in the case of two different speakers. Results indicate that, on average, for speaker and direction (of arrival) of audio signals classification, the presented approach yields 91% and 86% accuracy, respectively.
Gearbox Fault Diagnostics Using Deep Learning with Simulated Data (2019)

Transmission components are prone to fatigue damage due to high and intermittent loading cycles, that cause premature failure of gearboxes. Recently, several vibration-based diagnostics approaches using Machine Learning (ML) and Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have been proposed to identify gearboxes faults. However, most of them rely on a large amount of training data collection from physical experiments, which is often associated with high costs. This paper offers an ML and DL classification performance comparison of several algorithms to diagnose faults in a gearbox based on realistic simulated vibration data. A dynamic model of a single-stage gearbox was developed to generate data for different health conditions. Generated datasets were fed to ML and DL algorithms and accuracy results were compared. Results revealed the superiority of Convolutional Neural Network compared to other classifiers. This research contributes to the prevention of catastrophic failures in gearboxes by early crack detection and maintenance schedule optimization.
Effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy on the immune microenvironment in non–small cell lung carcinomas as determined by multiplex immunofluorescence and image analysis approaches (2018)

NCT-NSCLCs exhibited higher levels of PD-L1 expression and T-cell subset regulation than non-NCT-NSCLCs, suggesting that NCT activates specific immune response mechanisms in lung cancer. These results suggest the need for clinical trials and translational studies of combined chemotherapy and immunotherapy prior to surgical resection of locally advanced NSCLC.
Plasmid-based lacZα assay for DNA polymerase fidelity: application to archaeal family-B DNA polymerase (2009)

The preparation of a gapped pUC18 derivative, containing the lacZalpha reporter gene in the single-stranded region, is described. Gapping is achieved by flanking the lacZalpha gene with sites for two related nicking endonucleases, enabling the excision of either the coding or non-coding strand. However, the excised strand remains annealed to the plasmid through non-covalent Watson-Crick base-pairing; its removal, therefore, requires a heat-cool cycle in the presence of an exactly complementary competitor DNA. The gapped plasmids can be used to assess DNA polymerase fidelity using in vitro replication, followed by transformation into Escherichia coli and scoring the blue/white colony ratio. Results found with plasmids are similar to the well established method based on gapped M13, in terms of background ( approximately 0.08% in both cases) and the mutation frequencies observed with a number of DNA polymerases, providing validation for this straightforward and technically uncomplicated approach. Several error prone variants of the archaeal family-B DNA polymerase from Pyrococcus furiosus have been investigated, illuminating the potential of the method.
Activity of Guinea Pig Liver Transglutaminase toward Ester Analogs of Amide Substrates (1974)

Abstract Calcium-activated guinea pig liver transglutaminase catalyzes the hydrolysis and aminolysis of γ-glutamyl methyl and ethyl ester analogs of a specific amide substrate, benzyloxycarbonyl(Z)-l-glutaminylglycine. Kinetic comparisons of amine incorporation into the γ-n-methylamide, and the γ-methyl and ethyl esters of Z-l-glutamylglycine indicate that the same aycl-enzyme intermediate is formed from each of these substrates. The differences in catalytic efficiency toward these substrates are due to differences in rates of formation of this intermediate, and may be a consequence of different orientations of the leaving groups (—OR and —NHR) at the catalytic site of the enzyme. An aliphatic ester, methyl acetate, and its amide analog, N-methylacetamide, are about equally effective, although poor, substrates for transglutaminase. This, together with the fact that the acyl-enzyme intermediate is formed from the γ-methyl ester of Z-l-glutamylglycine and from its γ-N-methylamide at approximately the same rate, is strong evidence that C—O and C—N bonds are about equally susceptible to cleavage by transglutaminase. The ability of an alcohol to function as an acyl acceptor in a transglutaminase-catalyzed amide transfer reaction and the reversibility of the ester to amide conversion has been demonstrated with the use of a fluorescent-labeled alcohol derivative, N-(5 - dimethylaminonaphthalenesulfonyl) - 5 - amino - 1 - pentanol.
PHOTOCHEMICALLY INDUCED BINDING OF Rh(phen)<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup> TO DNA† (1989)

The photoinduced covalent binding of the title compound to native and heat denatured DNA is described. The level of binding has been measured by UV (for DNA) and atomic absorption (for Rh) analysis. Quantum efficiencies of 6.4 x 10(-4) mol Rh per mol photons and 1.6 x 10(-3) mol Rh per mol photons have been determined for binding to native and denatured calf thymus DNA, respectively. Levels of bound rhodium as high as 1 molecule per five bases have been achieved. There is no binding of the complex in the absence of light, and there is evidence that at least a portion of the binding may be due to the photolytic conversion of the complex into one or more stable intermediates. Studies with polyribonucleotides indicate a strong preference for binding to the purine bases.
Efficient Netlist Comparison Using Hierarchy and Randomization (1985)

Programs to compare the layout of ICs with their schematics have recently appeared. These programs have limited functionality and require large amounts of CPU time. We discuss the implementation of a fast [O(n(log n) /sup 2/)] logic comparison algorithm which uses hierarchy and randomization. This algorithm handles swappable components without performance degradation and is extremely robust in the presence of input errors. We include experimental data.
Tetraaza Macrocycles as Ancillary Ligands in Early Metal Alkyl Chemistry. Synthesis and Characterization of Out-of-Plane (Me4taen)ZrX2 (X = alkyl, benzyl, NMe2, Cl) and (Me4taen)ZrX2(NHMe2) (X = Cl, CCPh) Complexes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTetraaza Macrocycles as Ancillary Ligands in Early Metal Alkyl Chemistry. Synthesis and Characterization of Out-of-Plane (Me4taen)ZrX2 (X = alkyl, benzyl, NMe2, Cl) and (Me4taen)ZrX2(NHMe2) (X = Cl, CCPh) ComplexesDavid G. Black, Dale C. Swenson, Richard F. Jordan, and Robin D. RogersCite this: Organometallics 1995, 14, 7, 3539–3550Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/om00007a062https://doi.org/10.1021/om00007a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations62LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (3)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Simultaneous Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide and Mercaptans by Potentiometric Titration (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous Determination of Hydrogen Sulfide and Mercaptans by Potentiometric TitrationM. W. Tamele, L. B. Ryland, and R. N. McCoyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 8, 1007–1011Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60164a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60164a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views444Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Prior experience, antioxidants, and mitochondrial cofactors improve cognitive function in aged beagles. (2004)

Results of this study support the free-radical theory of aging and demonstrated that providing higher levels of vitamin E in food resulted in higher serum vitamin E concentrations and improved performance on landmark-discrimination tasks in aged dogs. Factors other than vitamin E also contributed to the response but remain undefined.
Implanting two posterior chamber intraocular lenses in a case of microphthalmos (1993)

A 31-year-old male with bilateral microphthalmos and a history of severe refractive amblyopia presented with early nuclear sclerosis. Intraocular lens calculations determined the patient would need about a 46.0 diopter power intraocular lens in both eyes to achieve satisfactory vision postoperatively. When no manufacturer could or was willing to make such a high-power lens, we chose to implant two lenses in each eye. The patient is satisfied with his postoperative vision and overall outcome.
Comprehensive Mini-Frac Testing in the Gullfaks Field as a Tool for Characterization of Reservoir Structure and Rock Mechanics (2008)

This paper was selected for presentation by an IPTC Programme Committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper, as presented, have not been reviewed by the International Petroleum Technology Conference and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material, as presented, does not necessarily reflect any position of the International Petroleum Technology Conference, its officers, or members. Papers presented at IPTC are subject to publication review by Sponsor Society Committees of IPTC. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper for commercial purposes without the written consent of the International Petroleum Technology Conference is prohibited. Permission to reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of where and by whom the paper was presented. Write Librarian, IPTC, P.O. Box 833836, Richardson, TX 75083-3836, U.S.A., fax +1-972-952-9435.
Symbolic Meanings of Architectural Style of Expo Buildings during Japanese Ruling Era of Korea (2006)

This research examines symbolic meanings of architectural style of Japanese ruling era of Korea through analysis of Expo buildings. Expo buidings of Joseon Product Evaluation Expo(1915), Joseon Expo(1929), and Joseon Grand Expo(1940) are chosen as subjects of this research. Expos held in Korea since 1945 were creatures of colonial reign and their objectives are advertising the advancement of Japan. New and latest architectural styles of Western countries were used as a symbol of advancement in non-western countries. Renaissance style and Secession style in Joseon Product Evaluation Expo and Modernism style in Joseon Expo were introduced as architectural styles that symbolize advancement. On the contrary, the traditional architectural style of Joseon Dynasty was distorted as symbol of backwardness. Latest Western Architectural Styles were used elaborately and Intentionally to symbolize advancement and industrialization by Japanese ruling power and companies. Specially, Modernism style operating as 'symbol of advancement' is characteristic of non-western society in attempt to proceed Modernization through Westernization. Also, it can be suggested that architectures in Modernism style are used in ways to symbolize the advancement of the colonial reign authorities within the colonial society.