gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dynamic load balancing through coordinated scheduling in packet data systems (2004)

Third generation code-division multiple access (CDMA) systems propose to provide packet data service through a high speed shared channel with intelligent and fast scheduling at the base-stations. In the current approach base-stations schedule independently of other base-stations. We consider scheduling schemes in which scheduling decisions are made jointly for a cluster of cells thereby enhancing performance through interference avoidance and dynamic load balancing. We consider algorithms that assume complete knowledge of the channel quality information from each of the base-stations to the terminals at the centralized scheduler as well as a two-tier scheduling strategy that assumes only the knowledge of the long term channel conditions at the centralized scheduler. We demonstrate that in the case of asymmetric traffic distribution, where load imbalance is most pronounced, significant throughput gains can be obtained while the gains in the symmetric case are modest. Since the load balancing is achieved through centralized scheduling, our scheme can adapt to time-varying traffic patterns dynamically.
Semi-Supervised Nmf With Time-Frequency Annotations For Single-Channel Source Separation. (2012)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Cholesterol glucosylation is catalyzed by transglucosylation reaction of β-glucosidase 1 (2013)

Cholesteryl glucoside (β-ChlGlc), a monoglucosylated derivative of cholesterol, is involved in the regulation of heat shock responses. β-ChlGlc, which is rapidly induced in response to heat shock, activates heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) leading to the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) in human fibroblasts. Identification and biochemical characterization of the enzyme responsible for β-ChlGlc formation is important for a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to HSP70-induction following heat shock. Recently, we demonstrated that β-ChlGlc synthesis is not dependent on UDP-Glucose but glucosylceramide (GlcCer) in animal tissue and human fibroblasts. In this study, we examined the possibility of glucocerebrosidase, a GlcCer-degrading glycosidase, acting as β-ChlGlc-synthesizing enzyme. Overexpression of β-glucosidase 1 (GBA1, lysosomal acid β-glucocerebrosidase) led to an increase in cholesterol glucosylation activity in human fibroblasts. Using a cell line generated from type 2 Gaucher disease patients with severe defects in GBA1 activity, we found that cholesterol glucosylation activity was very low in the cells and the overexpression of GBA1 rescued the activity. In addition, purified recombinant GBA1 exhibits conduritol B-epoxide-sensitive cholesterol glucosylation activity. The optimum pH and temperature for cholesterol glucosylation by GBA1 were at about 5.3 and 43 °C, respectively. Short chain C8:0-GlcCer was the most effective donor for cholesterol glucosylation activity among GlcCer containing saturated fatty acid (C8:0 to C18:0) tested. GlcCer containing mono-unsaturated fatty acid was more preferred substrate for cholesterol glucosylation when compared with GlcCer containing same chain length of saturated fatty acid. These results demonstrate, for the first time, a novel function of GBA1 as a β-ChlGlc-synthesizing enzyme. Therefore, our results also reveal a new pathway for glycolipid metabolism in mammals.
The Role of [<sup>18</sup>F]FDG-PET/CT in Predicting Malignant Transformation of Plexiform Neurofibromas in Neurofibromatosis-1 (2016)

<i>Background</i>. Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumours (MPNSTs) are difficult to diagnose and treat and contribute to significant morbidity and mortality for patients with Neurofibromatosis-1 (NF-1). FDG-PET/CT is being increasingly used as an imaging modality to discriminate between benign and malignant plexiform neurofibromas. <i>Objectives</i>. To assess the value of FDG-PET/CT in differentiating between benign and malignant peripheral nerve lesions for patients with Neurofibromatosis-1. <i>Methods</i>. A systematic review of the literature was performed prior to application of stringent selection criteria. Ultimately 13 articles with 796 tumours were deemed eligible for inclusion into the review. <i>Results</i>. There was a significant difference between mean SUV<sub>max</sub> of benign and malignant lesions (1.93 versus 7.48, resp.). Sensitivity ranged from 89 to 100% and specificity from 72 to 94%. ROC analysis was performed to maximise sensitivity and specificity of SUV<sub>max</sub> cut-off; however no clear value was identified (range 3.1-6.1). Significant overlap was found between the SUV<sub>max</sub> of benign and malignant lesions making differentiation of lesions difficult. Many of the studies suffered from having a small cohort and from not providing histological data on all lesions which underwent FDG-PET/CT. <i>Conclusion</i>. This systematic review is able to demonstrate that FDG-PET/CT is a useful noninvasive test for discriminating between benign and malignant lesions but has limitations and requires further prospective trials.
High-speed 1.3 μm InGaAs/GaAs metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector (1991)

A high frequency, low dark current, 1.3 μm metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector on GaAs is reported. The measured frequency response of this photodetector up to 10 GHz agrees with a model that assumes different collection times for electrons and holes.
Software development based on software pattern evolution (2003)

This paper discusses a technique to model software patterns for supporting pattern based software development. Software development can be considered as the evolution of the artifacts to be produced. Software patterns are general structures that frequently appear in the artifacts and the patterns are also being evolved as the artifacts are being done. By specifying how to evolve software patterns as software processes progress, we can get a support for developing an artifact from the artifacts that were produced in the previous steps. In our approach, we consider that a software pattern consists of a pattern structure (a class diagram and/or an object diagram) and manipulation operations on the pattern structure. These operations are for pattern instantiation (applying a pattern to an actual problem) and for pattern evolution (evolving the artifacts of the previous steps into a new one). We model them with the object-oriented technique encapsulating these operations into patterns.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Common Forms of Tremor (2011)

Tremor is the most common movement disorder presenting to an outpatient neurology practice and is defined as a rhythmical, involuntary oscillatory movement of a body part. The authors review the clinical examination, classification, and diagnosis of tremor. The pathophysiology of the more common forms of tremor is outlined, and treatment options are discussed. Essential tremor is characterized primarily by postural and action tremors, may be a neurodegenerative disorder with pathologic changes in the cerebellum, and can be treated with a wide range of pharmacologic and nonpharmacologic methods. Tremor at rest is typical for Parkinson's disease, but may arise independently of a dopaminergic deficit. Enhanced physiologic tremor, intention tremor, and dystonic tremor are discussed. Further differential diagnoses described in this review include drug- or toxin-induced tremor, neuropathic tremor, psychogenic tremor, orthostatic tremor, palatal tremor, tremor in Wilson's disease, and tremor secondary to cerebral lesions, such as Holmes' tremor (midbrain tremor). An individualized approach to treatment of tremor patients is important, taking into account the degree of disability, including social embarrassment, which the tremor causes in the patient's life.
ZigBee wireless network for transformer load monitoring and temperature sensitivity analysis (2011)

This paper applies a ZigBee wireless network to monitor load conditions of transformers and analyze their temperature sensitivity. The developed approach can effectively monitor the operating states of transformers, thereby protecting transformers from burning by overloading via an early overloading warning system. The proposed method is suitable for many underground distribution transformers using a ZigBee wireless sensor network with minimal power consumption and good communication quality. Transformer load current and temperature are captured via a temperature and current sensing interface and transmitted to the ZigBee wireless network control center via the ZigBee wireless network. A transformer load database is complied. The relationship between load current and temperature is determined using a statistical regression method. The regression model of transformer load current and temperature is derived for temperature sensitivity analysis of transformer loading. The transformer load current variation following a temperature increase is then derived to construct an early warning mechanism for overloading, such that maintenance personnel can take the necessary actions to avoid power interruption and improve power quality.
Structure and Molecular Analysis of <i>RGR1</i>, a Gene Required for Glucose Repression of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1990)

An RGR1 gene product is required to repress expression of glucose-regulated genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The abnormal morphology of rgr1 cells was studied. Scanning and transmission electron microscopic observations revealed that the cell wall of the daughter cell remained attached to that of mother cell. We cloned the RGR1 gene by complementation and showed that the cloned DNA was tightly linked to the chromosomal RGR1 locus. The cloned RGR1 gene suppressed all of the phenotypes caused by the mutation and encoded a 3.6-kilobase poly(A)+ RNA. The RGR1 gene is located on chromosome XII, as determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and we mapped rgr1 between gal2 and pep3 by genetic analysis. rgr1 was shown to be a new locus. We also determined the nucleotide sequence of RGR1, which was predicted to encode a 123-kilodalton protein. The null mutation resulted in lethality, indicating that the RGR1 gene is essential for growth. On the other hand, a carboxy-terminal deletion of the gene caused phenotypes similar to but more severe than those caused by the original mutation. The amount of reserve carbohydrates was reduced in rgr1 cells. Possible functions of the RGR1 product are discussed.
Genetic Ablation of CD36 Does not Alter Mouse Brain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Concentrations (2010)

In the brain, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are required for regulating membrane fluidity, neuronal survival and signal transduction. Since the brain cannot synthesize n-6 and n-3 PUFA de novo, they must be supplied from the blood. However, the methods of PUFA entry into the brain are not agreed upon. This study tested the necessity of CD36, a candidate transporter of unesterified fatty acids, for maintaining brain PUFA concentrations by comparing brain PUFA concentrations in CD36(-/-) mice to their wild-type littermates. Because CD36(-/-) mice have been reported to have impaired learning ability, the PUFA concentrations in different brain regions (cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum and the remainder of brain) were investigated. At 9 weeks of age, the brain was separated into the four regions and fatty acid concentrations in total and phospholipid classes of these brain regions were analyzed using thin layer and gas chromatography. There were no statistical differences in arachidonic acid or DHA concentrations in the different brain regions between wild-type and CD36(-/-) mice, in total or phospholipid fractions. Concentrations of monounsaturated fatty acids were decreased in several phospholipid fractions in CD36(-/-) mice. These findings suggest that CD36 is not necessary for maintaining brain PUFA concentrations and that other mechanisms must exist.
Assessment of Walking Behavior: Effect of Speed and Monitor Position on Two Objective Physical Activity Monitors (1988)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: physical activity monitoring
A 250-nucleotide UA-rich element in the 3' untranslated region of Xenopus laevis Vg1 mRNA represses translation both in vivo and in vitro. (2001)

Xenopus laevis Vgl mRNA undergoes both localization and translational control during oogenesis. Vg1 protein does not appear until late stage IV, after localization is complete. To determine whether Vg1 translation is regulated by cytoplasmic polyadenylation, the RACE-PAT method was used. Vg1 mRNA has a constant poly(A) tail throughout oogenesis, precluding a role for cytoplasmic polyadenylation. To identify cis-acting elements involved in Vg1 translational control, the Vg1 3' UTR was inserted downstream of the luciferase ORF and in vitro transcribed, adenylated mRNA injected into stage III or stage VI oocytes. The Vg1 3' UTR repressed luciferase translation in both stages. Deletion analysis of the Vg1 3' UTR revealed that a 250-nt UA-rich fragment, the Vg1 translational element or VTE, which lies 118 nt downstream of the Vg1 localization element, could repress translation as well as the full-length Vg1 3' UTR. Poly(A)-dependent translation is not necessary for repression as nonadenylated mRNAs are also repressed, but cap-dependent translation is required as introduction of the classical swine fever virus IRES upstream of the luciferase coding region prevents repression by the VTE. Repression by the Vg1 3' UTR has been reproduced in Xenopus oocyte in vitro translation extracts, which show a 10-25-fold synergy between the cap and poly(A) tail. A number of proteins UV crosslink to the VTE including FRGY2 and proteins of 36, 42, 45, and 60 kDa. The abundance of p42, p45, and p60 is strikingly higher in stages I-III than in later stages, consistent with a possible role for these proteins in Vg1 translational control.
Properties and Applications of Boolean Function Composition. (2012)

For Boolean functions f:{0,1}n -> {0,1} and g:{0,1}m -> {0,1}, the function composition of f and g denoted by f O g : {0,1}nm -> {0,1} is the value of f on n inputs, each of them is the calculation of g on a distinct set of m Boolean variables. Motivated by previous works that achieved some of the best separations between complexity measures such as sensitivity, block-sensitivity, degree, certificate complexity and decision tree complexity we show that most of these complexity measures behave multiplicatively under composition. We use this multiplicative behavior to establish several applications. First, we give a negative answer for Adam Kalai's question from [MOS04]: Is it true that every Boolean function f:{0,1}n -> {0,1} with degree as a polynomial over the reals (denoted by deg(f)) at most n/3, has a restriction fixing 2n/3 of its variables under which f becomes a parity function? This question was motivated by the problem of learning juntas as it suggests a simple algorithm, faster than that of Mossel et al. We give a counterexample for the question using composition of functions strongly related to the Walsh-Hadamard code. In fact, we show that for every constants e,δ>0 there are (infinitely many) Boolean functions f: {0,1}n -> {0,1} such that deg(f) ≤ e ⋅ n and under any restriction fixing less than (1-δ) ⋅ n variables, f does not become a parity function.Second, we show that for composition, the block sensitivity (denoted by bs) property has an unusual behavior - namely that bs(f O g) can be larger than bs (f) ⋅ bs(g). We show that the ratio between these two has a strong connection to the integrality gap of the Set Packing problem. In addition, we obtain the best known separation between block-sensitivity and certificate complexity (denoted by C) giving infinitely many functions f such that C(f) ≥ bs (f){log(26)/log(17) = bs (f)1.149....Last, we present a factor 2 improvement of a result by Nisan and Szegedy [NS94], by showing that for all Boolean functions bs f ≤ deg(f)2.
A New Fixative and Technics for the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites (1967)

Journal Article A New Fixative and Technics for the Diagnosis of Intestinal Parasites Get access Robert B. Burrows, Ph.D. Robert B. Burrows, Ph.D. The Wellcome Research Laboratories, Burroughs Wellcome & Co., Inc., Tuckahoe, New York 10707 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 48, Issue 3_ts, September 1967, Pages 342–346, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/48.3_ts.342 Published: 01 September 1967 Article history Received: 12 November 1966 Published: 01 September 1967
Morphotropic phase boundary and electrical properties in (1−x)Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3−xBi(Zn0.5Ti0.5)O3 lead-free piezoceramics (2010)

( 1 − x ) Bi 0.5 Na 0.5 TiO 3 − x Bi ( Zn 0.5 Ti 0.5 ) O 3 [(1−x)BNT−xBZT, x=0, 0.025, 0.0375, 0.050, and 0.075] lead-free piezoceramics were prepared and their structures and electrical properties were investigated. It is found that BZT can increase the Curie temperature of BNT. A morphotropic phase boundary (MPB) separating rhombohedral and tetragonal phases exists near x=0.0375. As the result, the MPB composition shows improved electrical properties; the saturated polarization, remnant polarization, and coercive field are 42.0 μC/cm2, 36.5 μC/cm2, and 3.5 kV/mm, respectively, while the piezoelectric coefficient, planar electromechanical coupling factor, and unipolar strain are 92 pC/N, 0.22, and 0.08%, respectively. The structures and electrical properties are discussed by comparing with that of other BNT-based piezoceramics. Our results do not only supplement for BNT-based lead-free piezoceramics, but also may provide a way to develop new lead-free piezoceramics with high Curie temperature.
Biological Activity of Bacterial Derived Human Growth Hormone in Adipose Tissue of Hypophysectomized Rats* (1984)

Segments of epididymal fat from hypophysectomized rats were incubated in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer for 1-4 h. Responses to three bacterially synthesized human GH (hGH) preparations were compared with responses to two highly purified pituitary hGH preparations. Hormones of both bacterial and pituitary origin increased the rate of oxidation of [U14C] glucose to 14CO2 and antagonized epinephrine-stimulated lipolysis. These insulin-like effects were produced over a range of 30-300 ng/ml hGH, and their concentration dependence was quite similar regardless of the source of hormone. Exposure of tissues to GH in the first hour of incubation makes them refractory to the insulin-like actions of a test dose of GH added in the fourth hour of incubation. hGH of either pituitary or bacterial origin also appeared to be equipotent in producing such refractoriness. The minimal effective concentration for this response fell between 10 and 30 ng/ml. Hormones from both sources were also capable of displacing 125I-labeled hGH from specific binding sites on isolated adipocytes, and the displacement curves were superimposable. Fifty percent displacement was seen at concentrations in the range of 10-20 ng/ml. Cell preparations produced a delayed increase in lipolysis which was evident in the presence of 0.3 mg/ml of theophylline in the fourth hour of incubation. In this regard, two of the bacterial hGH preparations were more potent than pituitary hGH and produced statistically significant increases in lipolysis at concentrations 10-30 times lower than pituitary hGH studied simultaneously in tissues of the same rats. Despite the presence of less than 1% contamination with bacterial protein, the greater potency of the bacterial hGH may be due to material of bacterial origin, since one bacterial hGH preparation, which was further purified to remove 99% of the remaining bacterial contamination was equipotent with pituitary hGH. These data indicate that a protein hormone synthesized in bacteria, and therefore likely to be free of peptides which might contaminate hGH purified from pituitary extracts, has all of the diverse physiological effects in adipose tissue that have been observed with preparations of GH derived from pituitary glands. These findings lend strong support to the conclusion that both insulin-like and lipolytic actions of GH are intrinsic properties of the molecule and cannot be attributed to contaminants present in the pituitary extract.
Flooding of Gas−Solids Countercurrent Flow in Fluidized Beds (2004)

Flooding experiments were carried out in a semicircular pilot-scale cold model of Syncrude's two fluid cokers. This unit circulates solids downward through a stripper zone and externally back to the top of the vessel, facilitating countercurrent gas/solid contacting. The onset of flooding for FCC particles was determined by analysis of differential pressure signals, supported by visual observations. The solids circulation flux at flooding increased with decreasing superficial gas velocity, with increasing fractional open area, with increasing slot width between adjacent baffles, and with decreasing baffle top included angle. A semiempirical model gives predictions of the onset of flooding that are in good agreement with both cold-flow model results and available commercial data.
An RNA biosensor for imaging the first round of translation from single cells to living animals (2015)

Analysis of single molecules in living cells has provided quantitative insights into the kinetics of fundamental biological processes; however, the dynamics of messenger RNA (mRNA) translation have yet to be addressed. We have developed a fluorescence microscopy technique that reports on the first translation events of individual mRNA molecules. This allowed us to examine the spatiotemporal regulation of translation during normal growth and stress and during Drosophila oocyte development. We have shown that mRNAs are not translated in the nucleus but translate within minutes after export, that sequestration within P-bodies regulates translation, and that oskar mRNA is not translated until it reaches the posterior pole of the oocyte. This methodology provides a framework for studying initiation of protein synthesis on single mRNAs in living cells.
Optimal Credit Allocation for Buy-and-Hold Investors (2004)

The trade-offs between risk and return are different for buy-and-hold investors and total return investors. For buy-and-hold investors, the portfolio return distribution is asymmetric; the maximum return is the yield, and the maximum loss is represented by default. The standard tools that total return investors use for top-down asset allocation (such as mean-variance optimization) and bottom-up security selection (such as multifactor risk models) are thus inappropriate. A more suitable approach for buy-and-hold investors, given current spreads, default rates and correlations, and loss tolerance, derives an optimal macro allocation across credit qualities. Application of this approach yields an optimized portfolio to minimize expected shortfall due to defaults, subject to a spread target and other portfolio constraints. The results suggest buy-and-hold investors should first determine their allocations to the A and Baa sectors, and then use an optimizer to select individual names.