gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Metabolism of neoplastic tissues. XI. Absorption and oxidation of dietary fatty acids by implanted tumors. (1957)

Summary Palmitic acid-1-C 14 was fed by stomach tube in olive oil to mice bearing a variety of transplanted tumors. After various intervals, fatty acids were recovered from tumor, liver, internal organs, and muscle, and were assayed for radioactivity. Most of the ingested radioactivity was excreted as CO 2 during the first 24 hours. Uptake was most active in liver, reaching a peak in 6 hours, at which time the relative specific activity of the fatty acids was 5–20 times that of the tumor fatty acids. The behavior of tumors, both solid and ascites, in general resembled that of the internal organs and muscle. Dietary fatty acids were incorporated relatively slowly, reaching a peak in 48–72 hours. Various transplanted tumors, with fatty acids thus labeled in vivo , when sliced and allowed to respire in vitro , released CO 2 during respiration with specific activity in the same range as their fatty acids. It is concluded that tumors accept dietary fatty acids from their hosts and utilize these as a metabolic fuel for energy purposes.
Guiding principles and recommendations for the assessment of competence. (2007)

This article presents guiding principles for the assessment of competence developed by the members of the American Psychological Association’s Task Force on Assessment of Competence in Professional Psychology. These principles are applicable to the education, training, and credentialing of professional psychologists, and to practicing psychologists across the professional life span. The principles are built upon a review of competency assessment models, including practices in both psychology and other professions. These principles will help to ensure that psychologists reinforce the importance of a culture of competence. The implications of the principles for professional psychology also are highlighted.
Cell differentiation based on absorption and scattering. (1979)

Improvements of the flow system allow calibrated cell length measurements down to less than 2 micron at a very high rate. An optical index match to plane viewing windows perpendicular to the optical axis in the flow system keeps the axial symmetry for forward scattered light. Cell size, axial light loss and scattering intensity within different angles were found to be powerful tools to differentiate cell populations. Red cells were analyzed according to various cell surface structures. Lymphocyte populations isolated from different parts of the lymphatic system in rats have been distinguished. Experimental tumor cells showed typical data pattern after different chemical treatments.
Isolation from Agricultural Soil and Characterization of a <i>Sphingomonas</i> sp. Able To Mineralize the Phenylurea Herbicide Isoproturon (2001)

A soil bacterium (designated strain SRS2) able to metabolize the phenylurea herbicide isoproturon, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (IPU), was isolated from a previously IPU-treated agricultural soil. Based on a partial analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and the cellular fatty acids, the strain was identified as a Sphingomonas sp. within the alpha-subdivision of the proteobacteria. Strain SRS2 was able to mineralize IPU when provided as a source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Supplementing the medium with a mixture of amino acids considerably enhanced IPU mineralization. Mineralization of IPU was accompanied by transient accumulation of the metabolites 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-1-methylurea, 3-(4-isopropylphenyl)-urea, and 4-isopropyl-aniline identified by high-performance liquid chromatography analysis, thus indicating a metabolic pathway initiated by two successive N-demethylations, followed by cleavage of the urea side chain and finally by mineralization of the phenyl structure. Strain SRS2 also transformed the dimethylurea-substituted herbicides diuron and chlorotoluron, giving rise to as-yet-unidentified products. In addition, no degradation of the methoxy-methylurea-substituted herbicide linuron was observed. This report is the first characterization of a pure bacterial culture able to mineralize IPU.
The effect of pedometer position and normal gait asymmetry on step count accuracy (2007)

Manufacturers of pedometers recommend wearing a pedometer on the midline of the right thigh and this recommendation is used in research. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the effect of pedometer position on accuracy. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the effect of pedometer position on accuracy for 3 modes of gait. The Yamax SW200 pedometer was evaluated in 20 subjects in 5 different positions simultaneously: left mid-axillary, left mid-thigh, umbilical, right mid-thigh, and right mid-axillary. Each subject was asked to walk on a treadmill (54, 80, and 107 m.min(-1)), to walk overground (slow, preferred, and fast speeds), and to ascend and descend stairs. Pedometer steps were recorded and compared with actual steps observed. Using the same protocol, instantaneous triaxial accelerometry was used to explain position-dependent differences in accuracy. At slow speeds, the left mid-axillary position demonstrated the lowest net mean (+/-SD) error across all modes of gait (7.7% (+/-11.6%) overground;-0.6% (+/-2.2%) stairs). The right mid-thigh position had significantly (p<0.01) higher error for treadmill (18.1% (+/-17.3%)), overground (12.9% (+/-15.2%)), and stairs (2.9% (+/-3.9%)). Pedometer position dependent error was demonstrated, with the left mid-axillary position superior to the recommended position of right mid-thigh. The greater accuracy on the left side was wholly explained by gait asymmetry evident in step-induced accelerations recorded at right and left pedometer positions. A model of absolute error based on the ratio of steps at different gait speeds was generated to demonstrate the importance of this finding in pedometer-based lifestyle intervention studies.
Antagonistic effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii and Escherichia coli combinations against experimental infections with Shigella flexneri and Salmonella enteritidis subsp. typhimurium in gnotobiotic mice (2000)

Lactobacillus acidophilus, Saccharomyces boulardii and Escherichia coli are probiotic strains used individually to protect against enteropathogenic agents. In order to determine if a synergistic effect of the individual protective mechanisms ordinarily attributed to each of these biotherapeutic agents is possible, we orally administered Lact. acidophilus H2B20, S. boulardii and E. coli EMO (LSE) to germfree mice. Ten days after colonization of the digestive tract, groups of animals associated (experimental) or not (control) with LSE were challenged orally with streptomycin resistant (Sfr) or streptomycin sensitive (Sfs) Shigella flexneri strains or Salmonella enteritidis subsp. typhimurium. Bacterial counts in faeces from experimental mice showed that the Sfr strain was eliminated 11 d after challenge while Sfs and S. enteritidis subsp. typhimurium colonized the digestive tract and continued to be present at high population levels (108 CFU g-1 of faeces), which is similar to that observed in control animals. All possible di- and monoassociations of the three probiotics with gnotobiotic mice were also performed before experimental oral infection with Sfr. The data showed that antagonism was obtained only when E. coli EMO was present. Different sensitivity of Sh. flexneri Sfr and Sfs to E. coli EMO antagonism could be explained by the different generation times between Sfr and Sfs, as shown by colonization kinetic experiments in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic mice.
G9a histone methyltransferase plays a dominant role in euchromatic histone H3 lysine 9 methylation and is essential for early embryogenesis (2002)

Covalent modification of histone tails is crucial for transcriptional regulation, mitotic chromosomal condensation, and heterochromatin formation. Histone H3 lysine 9 (H3-K9) methylation catalyzed by the Suv39h family proteins is essential for establishing the architecture of pericentric heterochromatin. We recently identified a mammalian histone methyltransferase (HMTase), G9a, which has strong HMTase activity towards H3-K9 in vitro. To investigate the in vivo functions of G9a, we generated G9a-deficient mice and embryonic stem (ES) cells. We found that H3-K9 methylation was drastically decreased in G9a-deficient embryos, which displayed severe growth retardation and early lethality. G9a-deficient ES cells also exhibited reduced H3-K9 methylation compared to wild-type cells, indicating that G9a is a dominant H3-K9 HMTase in vivo. Importantly, the loss of G9a abolished methylated H3-K9 mostly in euchromatic regions. Finally, G9a exerted a transcriptionally suppressive function that depended on its HMTase activity. Our results indicate that euchromatic H3-K9 methylation regulated by G9a is essential for early embryogenesis and is involved in the transcriptional repression of developmental genes.
Hydroxyl‐Functionalized Imidazoles: Highly Active Additives for the Potassium Iodide‐Catalyzed Synthesis of 1,3‐Dioxolan‐2‐one Derivatives from Epoxides and Carbon Dioxide (2014)

Abstract 4(5)‐(Hydroxymethyl)imidazole and potassium iodide were identified as an efficient catalyst system for the cycloaddition of epoxides and carbon dioxide producing 1,3‐dioxolan‐2‐one derivatives under solvent‐free conditions. The high activity of the catalyst system even at 60 °C was probably due to synergistic effects between potassium iodide and the substituted imidazole. Various functionalized and nonfunctionalized terminal epoxides as well as internal epoxides were converted into the corresponding cyclic carbonates in high yields (up to 99 %) under mild reaction conditions within a short reaction time. Compared with the previously reported amino alcohols e.g. triethanolamine based catalyzed synthesis of cyclic carbonates, the catalyst system described herein demonstrates a higher activity toward a broad substrate scope
A cluster of patients with a chronic mononucleosis-like syndrome. Is Epstein-Barr virus the cause? (1987)

A cluster of 134 patients who had undergone Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) serological testing because of suspected chronic EBV syndrome was investigated in Nevada. Fifteen case-patients were identified who had severe, persistent fatigue of undetermined etiology for more than two months. When compared with the remaining 119 patients who had less severe illnesses and with 30 age-, sex-, and race-matched control-persons, these 15 patients had significantly higher antibody titers against various components of EBV and against cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex and measles viruses. Epstein-Barr virus serology could not reliably differentiate individual case-patients from the others, and the reproducibility of the tests within and among laboratories was poor. As a group, the case-patients appear to have had a syndrome that is characterized by chronic fatigue, fever, sore throat, and lymphadenopathy. The relationship of this fatigue syndrome to EBV is unclear; further studies are needed to determine its etiology. (<i>JAMA</i>1987;257:2297-2302)
Physiological effect of a probiotic on skin. (2013)

Based on the results of these studies, lactobacillus extract (5%) can be used to treat mild acne lesions.
A simple method to determine the purity of an inert gas (1997)

A simple and economical method to determine the overall purity of inert gases such as Ar and He is described which uses the filament of commercial light bulbs. The lifetime of the incandescent filament is sensitive to gas impurities such as O2, H2O, and some hydrocarbons, but insensitive to N2 and, to first order, to the applied voltage. The relationship between the filament lifetime, τ, and the O2 and H2O concentrations was carefully calibrated. The relationship follows a power law: τ=AC−γ, where A and γ are positive constants depending on the impurity type. For mixtures of O2 and H2O, a simple superposition rule for the overall lifetime, τoverall, as 1/τoverall = 1/τO2 + 1/τH2O, applies. A mechanism for the concentration dependence of the filament lifetime is proposed in which the creep of the filament is enhanced by the impurity solutes in the filament. With a lifetime spanning from a few seconds to a few days, the filament acts as a simple gauge for the determination of impurity concentrations in an inert atmosphere. As an example, for O2, the measurable concentrations vary from 105 ppm to 10−2 ppm.
State‐of‐the‐art of single‐transducer ultrasonic imaging technology (1976)

This paper attempts to take note of some recent improvements in ultrasound echo-ranging technology and make some observations on the single versus multiple-transducer element approach. It would appear at this time that the problems encountered with visualization systems may not be solved by using multiple transducers per se, and that the unique advantages that accrue to the multiple-transducer systems have yet to demonstrate that they fulfill and important clinical need.
Probing Decoherence with Electromagnetically Induced Transparency in Superconductive Quantum Circuits (2004)

Superconductive quantum circuits comprise quantized energy levels that may be coupled via microwave electromagnetic fields. Described in this way, one may draw a close analogy to atoms with internal (electronic) levels coupled by laser light fields. In this Letter, we present a superconductive analog to electromagnetically induced transparency that utilizes superconductive quantum circuit designs of present day experimental consideration. We discuss how a superconductive analog to electromagnetically induced transparency can be used to establish macroscopic coherence in such systems and, thereby, be utilized as a sensitive probe of decoherence.
Insertion-Duplication Mutagenesis in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> : Targeting Fragment Length Is a Critical Parameter in Use as a Random Insertion Tool (1998)

To examine whether insertion-duplication mutagenesis with chimeric DNA as a transformation donor could be valuable as a gene knockout tool for genomic analysis in Streptococcus pneumoniae, we studied the transformation efficiency and targeting specificity of the process by using a nonreplicative vector with homologous targeting inserts of various sizes. Insertional recombination was very specific in targeting homologous sites. While the recombination rate did not depend on which site or region was targeted, it did depend strongly on the size of the targeting insert in the donor plasmid, in proportion to the fifth power of its length for inserts of 100 to 500 bp. The dependence of insertion-duplication events on the length of the targeting homology was quite different from that for linear allele replacement and places certain limits on the design of mutagenesis experiments. The number of independent pneumococcal targeting fragments of uniform size required to knock out any desired fraction of the genes in a model genome with a defined probability was calculated from these data by using a combinatorial theory with simplifying assumptions. The results show that efficient and thorough mutagenesis of a large part of the pneumococcal genome should be practical when using insertion-duplication mutagenesis.
Polymer Modifiers and Additives (2000)

Antioxidants colourants coupling agents fiber reinforcment fillers - types, properties and performance flame retardant and smoke suppressants heat stabilizers for halogenated polymers impact modifiers lubricants optical brighteners plasticizers processing aids specialty additives.
Humanized animal models for autoimmune diseases (2004)

The development of transgenic mice expressing human DR and DQ major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules has been of value in studying the immunopathology of human MHC class II-associated autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and celiac disease. Such mice have been used to identify the target antigens that are involved in the initiation of these diseases. Many of the mice develop aspects of the human diseases, either spontaneously or following immunization with the relevant antigen, thus providing an in vivo disease model, which may be used as a tool for further understanding the disease mechanisms and testing novel immunotherapies.
Activation of the EBV/C3d Receptor (CR2, CD21) on Human B Lymphocyte Surface Triggers Tyrosine Phosphorylation of the 95-kDa Nucleolin and Its Interaction with Phosphatidylinositol 3 Kinase (2001)

We previously demonstrated that CR2 activation on human B lymphocyte surface triggered tyrosine phosphorylation of a p95 component and its interaction with p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3' (PI 3) kinase. Despite identical molecular mass of 95 kDa, this tyrosine phosphorylated p95 molecule was not CD19, the proto-oncogene Vav, or the adaptator Gab1. To identify this tyrosine phosphorylated p95 component, we first purified it by affinity chromatography on anti-phosphotyrosine mAb covalently linked to Sepharose 4B, followed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Then, the isolated 95-kDa tyrosine phosphorylated band was submitted to amino acid analysis by mass spectrometry; the two different isolated peptides were characterized by amino acid sequences 100% identical with two different domains of nucleolin, localized between aa 411--420 and 611--624. Anti-nucleolin mAb was used to confirm the antigenic properties of this p95 component. Functional studies demonstrated that CR2 activation induced, within a brief span of 2 min, tyrosine phosphorylation of nucleolin and its interaction with Src homology 2 domains of the p85 subunit of PI 3 kinase and of 3BP2 and Grb2, but not with Src homology 2 domains of Fyn and Gap. These properties of nucleolin were identical with those of the p95 previously described and induced by CR2 activation. Furthermore, tyrosine phosphorylation of nucleolin was also induced in normal B lymphocytes by CR2 activation but neither by CD19 nor BCR activation. These data support that tyrosine phosphorylation of nucleolin and its interaction with PI 3 kinase p85 subunit constitute one of the earlier steps in the specific intracellular signaling pathway of CR2.
Transform coder identification based on quantization footprints and lattice theory (2012)

Transform coding is routinely used for lossy compression of discrete sources with memory. The input signal is divided into N-dimensional vectors, which are transformed by means of a linear mapping. Then, transform coefficients are quantized and entropy coded. In this paper we consider the problem of identifying the transform matrix as well as the quantization step sizes. We study the challenging case in which the only available information is a set of P transform decoded vectors. We formulate the problem in terms of finding the lattice with the largest determinant that contains all observed vectors. We propose an algorithm that is able to find the optimal solution and we formally study its convergence properties. Our analysis shows that it is possible to identify successfully both the transform and the quantization step sizes when P >= N + d where d is a small integer, and the probability of failure decreases exponentially to zero as P - N increases.
Improved ssDNA recombineering for rapid and efficient pathway engineering in <i>Corynebacterium glutamicum</i> (2018)

Abstract BACKGROUND Corynebacterium glutamicum is an important microorganism for the industrial production of high value‐added compounds. Therefore, powerful genetic engineering tools are required for metabolic engineering of C. glutamicum . RESULTS In this study, the application of ssDNA recombineering was extended to realize efficient and rapid genetic engineering of C. glutamicum . The efficiency of one‐step ssDNA recombineering reached 60% without the need for an additional selective marker. Multi‐nucleotide modifications and strain iterative engineering were also achieved. As evidence of its potential in metabolic engineering, a base substitution mutation of aspartokinase T311I was introduced to relieve the feedback inhibition involved in L‐lysine biosynthesis while simultaneously investigating the combinatory effect of adjacent residues in one step. Iterative engineering enabled rapid mutation of 11 nucleotides in the RBS/initiation codon region to improve lysine production 100‐fold compared with the wild‐type organism. CONCLUSIONS CRISPR‐Cas9‐assisted ssDNA recombineering was developed for genome editing of C. glutamicum with high efficiency. This strategy contributes to the toolbox available for genetic engineering of C. glutamicum and boosts the strain engineering for more industrial applications. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry
Secretion of mouse-metallothionein by engineered E. coli cells in metal-enriched culture media. (2001)

Heterologous Escherichia coli expression systems were designed and assayed for the synthesis of functional mouse metallothionein (MT) as a secreted fusion protein. MT secretion was compared among different systems, and the optimum vector/host/medium combination was tested for metal removal. In this case, the Cu content of the medium decreased by up to 34% after growth of recombinant bacteria. The potential use of these genetically-engineered bacteria for water bioremediation is discussed as an alternative to cytoplasmic MT or membrane-bound MT heterologous expression systems.
Scarf Design with Application of the Pangudae Petroglyph (2007)

Traces of ancestors in the era without letters can be found in their legacies and remains such as stone implement, earthenware, dwelling sites, etc. Petroglyph among them reflects their life and spirits as like an epic so that we can be with them through petroglyph. petroglyph is a common culture of mankind, which has been found in various places over the world. The infinite value of traditional culture has a great impact as much as it is unnecessary to more discuss about it. When a culture of a country is reproduced as a world-class product, the country can have visible profits as well as positive effects on diverse fields. The Pangudae petroglyph in Ulsan, consistion of fishery and huntihg religiong, is one of the greatest cultural legacies of the local own uniqueness, and a source and thesaurus of design development. Despite limited tools and unskilled tact, the Pangudae petroglyph Carving shows a strong vital power, which does not change by time, of a whale or a man with various methods such as line and face carving, embossed carving, etc. under a desperate and unconditional purpose, the survival. Thus, the study tries to suggest scarf designs that applies such beauty in fashion design by using the formative beauty caused by natural abrasion through the time, and the feel of lines and stony material.
A potential X-pinch based point X-ray source for phase contrast imaging of inertial confinement fusion capsules (2006)

Phase contrast x-ray imaging is necessary to monitor and validate the DT ice layer inside a cryoignition target. Presently available sources require a minute long exposure for imaging, thus contributing to blurring of images at the edges. An x-pinch is a bright, pulsed x-ray source that produces pulses of x-rays duration < 1 ns thus eliminating such blurring. Our preliminary results show that with an optimized detection system an x-pinch generated image could be used to locate the ice layer with the accuracy demanded by the NIF specifications.