gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FACTORS AFFECTING THE SECRETION OF SUBMANDIBULAR SALIVARY KALLIKREIN IN CATS (1987)

Glandular kallikrein has been assessed in submandibular saliva, homogenates and plasma by the fluorimetric substrate D-Val-Leu-Arg-7-amino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarin (AFC) and histochemically in tissue sections by the 4-methoxy-2-naphthylamide (MNA) analogue. Nerve stimulation was used to produce salivary secretion. Parasympathetic saliva contained low concentrations of kallikrein, independently of any circulating catecholamines from the adrenals. Sympathetic saliva contained very high concentrations of kallikrein; the amounts in individual drops rapidly reached a peak then declined gradually. Adrenergic blocking drugs during mixed parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation showed that beta-adrenergic effects normally increase the secretion of kallikrein in response to the alpha-adrenergic influence from sympathetic nerve impulses. Small amounts of a glandular kallikrein-like activity are present in the plasma. Effluent blood from the submandibular gland before, during and after stimulation of either nerve gave no indication that submandibular kallikrein passes from the glandular compartment to the blood under conditions of unobstructed salivary flow. Excision of the chorda tympani indicated that parasympathetic nerve impulses are required for the normal resynthesis of submandibular kallikrein. The secretion of salivary kallikrein is essentially an exocrine function but its role in the saliva remains obscure. The results suggest that sudden mobilization of kallikrein may occur at times into the saliva and that a separate population of adrenergic axons, under separate central control, may pass to the striated ducts specially for this purpose.
Magnetic Susceptibility Effects and Their Application in the Development of New Ferromagnetic Catheters for Magnetic Resonance Imaging (1990)

Newly developed ferromagnetic catheters (Fe-Caths) are more conspicuous than conventional radiographic catheters (Rad-Caths) on magnetic resonance (MR) images because they produce recognizable ferromagnetic signal patterns (FSPs). To determine how MRI parameters influence these patterns, the imaging characteristics of nine Fe-Caths (ferromagnetic concentration 0.01 to 1.0 weight/weight %) were studied systematically and compared with three Rad-Caths. All catheters were studied in stationary and moving phantoms at mid-field (0.38 T) and high-field (1.5 T) strength using spin-echo and gradient-echo pulse sequences. Rad-Caths always produced a signal void. Fe-Caths produced FSPs, the size of which depended on the orientation of the catheter with respect to the main magnetic field, the concentration of ferromagnetic agent in the catheter, and the direction and strength of the frequency encoding gradient. When Fe-Caths were positioned perpendicular to the main magnetic field, they produced FSPs; however, when they were parallel to the main magnetic field, Fe-Caths produced no FSP, thus having a similar appearance to the Rad-Caths. Ferromagnetic catheters produce conspicuous patterns on MR images that depend on catheter orientation in the main magnetic field and vary predictably with the MRI parameters.
Technical aspects of the AT&T Teaching Theater at the University of Maryland at College Park (1992)

This paper describes the technological aspects of the AT&amp;T Teaching Theater at the University of Maryland at College Park. These can be separated into four categories: computers, networks, audio/video, and control. All electronic equipment in the Teaching Theater is interconnected: the computers form a local-area-network which is also attached to the Campus network; the computer monitors, keyboards, and mice are interconnected via a signal-switching system; all A/V devices are connected to a video signal switcher which is connected to the computers and to the Campus video cable system; and the control system permits convenient operation of the computers, A/V, and room lighting.
Dementia: nurturing the spirit (2007)

Abstract Cries of dementia commonly heard in residential aged‐care homes call for nothing less than a person‐to‐person response. Spiritual nurture is not to be located in some esoteric, disembodied, otherworldly realm, nor does it belong exclusively in the chaplain's domain. The answer lies in the everyday lived experience of those who have dementia and those who care for them; in the particularity of interpersonal relationships rather than in a generalized problem‐solving process. This involves the professional carer entering the life narrative of the person with dementia, in the context of family and community. In a life‐giving community the cries of dementia will be heard as genuine, rather than being ignored as irrational and unworthy of response. The surprising outcome of spiritual nurturance in the context of dementia is that the health professional, in responding to the cries of dementia, may also discover his or her true self. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Static and Dynamic Properties of Phospholipid Bilayer Nanodiscs (2009)

Nanodiscs are phospholipid-protein complexes which are relevant to nascent high-density lipoprotein and are applicable as a drug carrier and a tool to immobilize membrane proteins. We evaluated the structure and dynamics of the nanoparticles consisting of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) and apolipoprotein A-I (apoA-I) with small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and fluorescence methods and compared them with static/dynamic properties for large unilamellar vesicles. SANS revealed that the nanodisc includes a lipid bilayer with a thickness of 44 A and a radius of 37 A, in which each lipid occupies a smaller area than the reported molecular area of DMPC in vesicles. Fluorescence measurements suggested that DMPC possesses a lower entropy in nanodiscs than in vesicles, because apoA-I molecules, which surround the bilayer, force closer lipid packing, but allow water penetration to the acyl chain ends. Time-resolved SANS experiments revealed that nanodiscs represent a 20-fold higher lipid transfer via an entropically favorable process. The results put forward a conjunction of static/dynamic properties of nanodiscs, where the entropic constraints are responsible for the accelerated desorption of lipids.
Nitrogen Ion Implantation into 6H-SiC and Application to High-Temperature, Radiation-Hard Diodes (1995)

Ion implantation of nitrogen (N) into 6H-SiC{0001} epilayers was systematically investigated. The N profiles simulated with a TRIM (transport of ions in matter) program showed good agreement with experimental results when the tilt angle was set larger than 5°. The sheet resistance of implanted layers decreased with increasing annealing temperature, and a low sheet resistance of 820 Ω/\Box was obtained by annealing at 1600° C. The implanted p-n junction diodes showed a small reverse leakage current of 2.9×10 -9 A/cm 2 at a bias voltage of -10 V, and a high breakdown voltage of 446 V at room temperature. The diodes operated with good rectification at a high temperature of 350° C. The characteristics of the diodes showed very little change after gamma-ray irradiation with total doses up to 10 Mrad.
Optical approach to thermopower and conductivity measurements in thin-film semiconductors (1984)

An optical beam deflection technique is applied to measure the Joule and Peltier heat generated by electric currents through thin-film semiconductors. The method yields a spatially resolved conductivity profile and allows the determination of Peltier coefficients. Results obtained on doped hydrogenated amorphous silicon films are presented.
Novel offset gated poly-Si TFTs with subgate (1999)

We have fabricated a new offset gated poly-Si TFT by employing photoresist reflow, have measured various experimental data of the new device, such as hydrogenation results and high-frequency characteristics, and have analyzed device characteristics as a function of driving frequency. Our devices have a unique gate pattern and the hydrogenation effect is somewhat different from the previous results. Our experimental results suggest that with the same offset length, the device with a wider space between the maingate and the subgate is more advantageous for hydrogenation. Experimental results show that the leakage current of the new device is two orders of magnitude lower than that of the nonoffset gated device, while the ON current of the new device is almost identical to the nonoffset gated device in the typically used frequency range (10-100 kHz).
Detection of alloantibodies by flow cytometry: Relevance to clinical transplantation (1995)

Before an organ transplant is performed, donor-recipient compatibility must be established by a crossmatch in much the same way as it is done for blood transfusions. The target antigens in organ transplantation, however, are HLA rather than blood group molecules, and the target cells are lymphocytes instead of red cells. If antidonor antibodies are detected, it is important to know whether they are IgG or IgM, whether they recognize T and/or B cells, and whether the antibody reactivity is weak or strong. These test requirements are better met by flow cytometry than by the standard cytotoxicity technique. A growing body of evidence now indicates that flow cytometry can provide more sensitive and timely crossmatch information than cytotoxicity assays to decide whether or not a transplant should be done. Flow cytometry crossmatch (FCXM) is a new and evolving technique that has already been found to be extremely useful in the clinical transplantation setting, even though significant questions yet remain about the precision and reliability of using flow cytometry to quantify alloantibodies and about the limits of normal reactivity in the assay. This article reviews important technical details of the FCXM and its interpretation and clinical application in transplantation medicine.
Direct measurements at the sub-pixel level of the X-ray detection efficiency of the CCD on board the ASCA satellite (1998)

We present here a measurement at sub-pixel resolution of the X-ray detection efficiency of the CCD detector on board the ASCA satellite. A mesh placed in front of the CCD restricted the interaction position of the X-ray inside the CCD pixel. We clearly show that all the primary charge is collected in one pixel when the X-ray interaction is sufficiently far from the pixel boundary. Conversely, some photo-ionized charge is collected in neighboring pixels when the X-ray interacts near the pixel boundary. We also obtained the thickness of various elements gate structure, and measure channel stop dimensions. From these data, we can obtain more accurate estimates of the X-ray responsivity of the CCD.
Conducting Ceramic Oxides for Use as Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell Electrodes (1986)

Mixed cation oxides were fabricated and doped using gel‐resin processing techniques in order to increase the compound's electronic conductivities. The dc resistivities of the various compounds were measured under gas compositions and temperatures similar to those found for molten carbonate fuel cell electrodes. Low resistivities were measured at high temperatures for all the titanate‐based systems (, , , , and ) when: (i) doping with M+5impurities and (ii) the atmosphere was necessarily reducing (low ). These materials would be especially good candidates for anodes but, due to increased resistivities under oxidizing conditions, probably are not well suited for cathodes. Several possible explanations for the increased resistivities under oxidizing conditions are discussed.
Purified azure B as a reticulocyte stain. (1976)

A comparison has been made between reticulocyte preparations stained with purified azure B and with several commerically available batches of brilliant cresyl blue and new methylene blue. Marked variations were observed in the composition and staining performances of the various batches of the two commerically available dyes. Although there were no significant differences in reticulocyte counts obtained with these two dyes, varying amounts of an extraneous, particulate dye deposit were present in these preparations, making accuracte counting both tedious and timeconsuming. Purified azure B, on the other hand, gave reproducibly stained, deposit-free preparations. Reticulocyte counts obtained from azure B preparations correlated almost exactly with those determined using new methylene blue. Purified azure B is therefore recommended as a convenient reticulocyte stain for routine use.
Synthesis and GC-Eims Analyses of Optically Pure 3-Hydroxy-2-Azetidinones Having<i>N</i>-Sulfonamide Drugs Side Chain (2000)

Abstract A series of new N-sulfonamides of substituted 3-hydroxy-2-azetidinones were prepared by the [2+2] cycloaddition of aldoximes, formed from the condensation of D-(R)-glyceraldehyde acetonide and the potent p-aminophenyl-N-substituted sulfonamides, with benzyloxyacetyl chloride followed by removal of the protecting groups. Obtaining both diastereoisomeric forms of β-lactams by resorting to kinetic resolution starting from racemic imino analogue is also described. The GC-EIMS, spectroscopic and analytical analyses for some of these derivatives are reported.
A Key to Your Heart: Biometric Authentication Based on ECG Signals (2019)

In recent years, there has been a shift of interest towards the field of biometric authentication, which proves the identity of the user using their biological characteristics. We explore a novel biometric based on the electrical activity of the human heart in the form of electrocardiogram (ECG) signals. In order to explore the stability of ECG as a biometric, we collect data from 55 participants over two sessions with a period of 4 months in between. We also use a consumer-grade ECG monitor that is more affordable and usable than a medical-grade counterpart. Using a standard approach to evaluate our classifier, we obtain error rates of 2.4% for data collected within one session and 9.7% for data collected across two sessions. The experimental results suggest that ECG signals collected using a consumer-grade monitor can be successfully used for user authentication.
High-efficiency somatic mutagenesis in smooth muscle cells and cardiac myocytes in SM22?-Cre transgenic mice (2005)

The cytoskeletal protein SM22alpha is expressed in visceral and vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs), in cardiac myocytes, and in the myotomal components of the somites during murine embryonic development. In this report, we describe the generation and characterization of transgenic mice expressing Cre-recombinase under the transcriptional control of the -2.8-kb SM22alpha promoter. Following interbreeding with the R26R reporter strain, Cre-dependent beta-galactosidase expression was observed as early as embryonic day 9.5 in SMCs of the developing vasculature, in cardiac myocytes, but not in the somites. In adult mice, Cre-mediated recombination was observed in vascular SMCs throughout the venous and arterial systems, in visceral SMCs in multiple organs, and in cardiac, but not skeletal muscle. Importantly, Cre-mediated recombination was present in nearly 100% of arterial SMCs, including in the aorta. These mice are thus an important new tool for performing in vivo loss-of-function studies of genes expressed in vascular SMCs.
Thermomagnetically patterned micromagnets (2010)

Thermomagnetic patterning (TMP) of 4 μm thick high performance NdFeB hard magnetic films deposited on Si substrates has been achieved using single pulsed laser irradiation. Uniaxially magnetised chessboard and stripe patterns with lateral feature sizes in the range 50–100 μm were produced. The depth of reversal was estimated, using both global (vibrating sample magnetometry) and localized (scanning Hall probe) measurements, to be in the range of 1.1–1.2 μm. A simple model provides semiquantitative agreement with the experimental results. A linear Halbach array was fabricated to demonstrate the potential of TMP for the realization of complex multidirectional microflux sources.
DNA Base Detection Using a Single-Layer MoS<sub>2</sub> (2014)

Nanopore-based DNA sequencing has led to fast and high-resolution recognition and detection of DNA bases. Solid-state and biological nanopores have low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (< 10) and are generally too thick (> 5 nm) to be able to read at single-base resolution. A nanopore in graphene, a 2-D material with sub-nanometer thickness, has a SNR of ∼3 under DNA ionic current. In this report, using atomistic and quantum simulations, we find that a single-layer MoS2 is an extraordinary material (with a SNR > 15) for DNA sequencing by two competing technologies (i.e., nanopore and nanochannel). A MoS2 nanopore shows four distinct ionic current signals for single-nucleobase detection with low noise. In addition, a single-layer MoS2 shows a characteristic change/response in the total density of states for each base. The band gap of MoS2 is significantly changed compared to other nanomaterials (e.g., graphene, h-BN, and silicon nanowire) when bases are placed on top of the pristine MoS2 and armchair MoS2 nanoribbon, thus making MoS2 a promising material for base detection via transverse current tunneling measurement. MoS2 nanopore benefits from a craftable pore architecture (combination of Mo and S atoms at the edge) which can be engineered to obtain the optimum sequencing signals.
Realization of Conditional-Sum Adders With Low Latency Time (1988)

Conditional-sum adders have been realized in a standard 2.5 μm CMOS technology. These adders offer short propagation delay and latency time (12.5 ns for 32 bit addition) and consume only moderate chip area (i.e. 80 × 460 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> for one bit in a 32 bit adder). The adders have been realized with CMOS transmission-gates. They allow static operation and consume only dynamic power (like standard CMOS). The layout exhibits high regularity and can be easily adjusted to various word-lengths.
Complexes of lanthanide(<scp>III</scp>) ions with macrocyclic ligands containing pyridine head units (1996)

Lanthanide(III) salts were found to act as templates for the cyclic condensation of organic dicarbonyl compounds with primary diamines to yield complexes of macrocyclic Schiff-base ligands in moderate to good yield. Three types of macrocyclic lanthanide(III) complexes were obtained: (i) mononuclear complexes of an 18-membered sexidentate N3O3 macrocycle derived from the reaction of 2,6-diacetylpyridine with 1,5-bis(2-aminophenoxy)-3-oxapentane; (ii) mononuclear complexes of 15-membered pentadentate N3O2 macrocycles derived from the reactions of 2,6-diacetyl- or 2,6-diformyl-pyridine with 1,2-bis(2-aminophenoxy)ethane. The complexes were characterised by elemental analyses, molar conductivity, mass, IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy and thermogravimetric and magnetic measurements.
Site-directed Mutagenesis of Putative Substrate-binding Residues Reveals a Mechanism Controlling the Different Stereospecificities of Two Tropinone Reductases (1999)

Two tropinone reductases (TRs) constitute a key branch point in the biosynthetic pathway of tropane alkaloids, which are mainly produced in several solanaceous plants. The two TRs share 64% identical amino acid residues and reduce the 3-carbonyl group of a common substrate, tropinone, but they produce distinct alcohol products with different stereospecific configurations. Previous x-ray crystallographic analysis has revealed their highly conserved overall folding, and the modeling of tropinone within the putative substrate-binding sites has suggested that the different stereospecificities may be determined solely by the different binding orientations of tropinone to the enzymes. In this study, we have constructed various mutant TRs, in which putative substrate-binding residues from one TR were substituted with those found in the corresponding positions of the other TR. Substitution of five amino acid residues resulted in an almost complete reversal of stereospecificity, indicating that the different stereospecificities are indeed determined by the binding orientation of tropinone. Detailed kinetic analysis of the mutant enzymes has shown that TR stereospecificity is determined by varying the contributions from electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and that the present TR structures represent highly evolved forms, in which strict stereospecificities and rapid turnover are accomplished together.
Fundamental solutions and boundary integral equations of moderately thick symmetrically laminated anisotropic plates (1996)

In the paper the bending problem of moderately thick symmetrically laminated anisotropic plates is considered, based on the first-order transverse shear deformation plate theory. Using the method of plane wave decomposition and Hörmander's operator method, the fundamental solution of the plates is presented. The boundary integral equation of the plates is formulated by taking the fundamental solution presented as the weighted function and using the method of weighted residuals. The numerical calculation of the boundary integral equation presented is discussed in detail. Some examples are presented and compared with the exact solutions and the numerical solutions available in the literature. The numerical results show that the present method has a satisfactory rate of convergence and acceptable accuracy with a reasonable boundary mesh.
Super-resolution enhancement of text image sequences (2002)

The objective of this work is the super-resolution enhancement of image sequences. We consider in particular images of scenes for which the point-to-point image transformation is a plane projective transformation. We first describe the imaging model, and a maximum likelihood (ML) estimator of the super-resolution image. We demonstrate the extreme noise sensitivity of the unconstrained ML estimator. We show that the Irani and Peleg (1991, 1993) super-resolution algorithm does not suffer from this sensitivity, and explain that this stability is due to the error back-projection method which effectively constrains the solution. We then propose two estimators suitable for the enhancement of text images: a maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimator based on a Huber prior and an estimator regularized using the total variation norm. We demonstrate the improved noise robustness of these approaches over the Irani and Peleg estimator. We also show the effects of a poorly estimated point spread function (PSF) on the super-resolution result and explain conditions necessary for this parameter to be included in the optimization. Results are evaluated on both real and synthetic sequences of text images. In the case of the real images, the projective transformations relating the images are estimated automatically from the image data, so that the entire algorithm is automatic.
Optimal UAV path planning in a 3D threat environment by using parallel evolutionary algorithms (2013)

In recent years, unmanned aerial vehicles-UAVs represent one of the most demanding technologies in aeronautics, and they have tremendous appeal because of their operability with considerable autonomy (by using minimal human intervention). UAVs have to operate in complex environments with different constraints such as obstacles, threatening zones, UAV kinematics, etc. In this technology, path planning plays a crucial role for high autonomy operations, although absolute autonomy is still an open question. In this paper, we tried to discuss, how a feasible path planning for a UAV can be done in the 3-dimensional environment by avoiding threats such as a radar network which contains several radars with different detection ranges. The proposed methodology is implemented with using genetic algorithms, and a parallel approach is used for reducing path planning calculations. The environment is represented as 3 dimensional structure by using World Wind, which is an open-source and accurate 3D environment browser. The developed methodology can provide fast and safe routes for autonomous single UAVs or operator-assisted flight.