gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Constraint priority scheduling using an agent‐based approach (2011)

Purpose Scheduling needs to be concise and well‐determined but able to respond to the ever‐changing and uncertain market or environment against the constraints of production capacity, resources, time frame, etc. The purpose of this paper is to model and solve a scheduling problem with another domain perspective that adopts the concept of agent, and an agent‐based scheduling environment is proposed for solving the scheduling problem, in which three agents are developed, i.e. a sales agent, a scheduling agent, and a production agent. Design/methodology/approach The modeling and development of the proposed agent‐based scheduling environment and its agents under constraints are discussed. Constraint priority scheduling concepts are applied to the environment and its agents, and the feature of responding to customer change orders is included in the model. The proposed agent‐based scheduling environment with three agents is applied to a lamp‐manufacturing company in China as a case study, and the integrated agent‐based approach is also illustrated in the case study. Findings Throughout the autonomous communication between agents in the proposed model, a constraint‐prioritized schedule is generated to fulfill customer orders and customer change orders, as well as to achieve a better scheduling performance result. From the simulation results and analysis in the case study, satisfactory results show that the proposed model can generate a constraint‐prioritized schedule for the studied company that can completely fulfill customer orders, adjust and fulfill customer change orders, and achieve a better scheduling result. Originality/value In this paper, the scheduling problem is modeled and solved by using the domain perspective of agent‐based approach. By using an agent‐based approach, the agents can be implemented to represent manufacturing resources or aggregations of resources. Under the proposed modeling approach, the collaboration across the entire scheduling activities can be enhanced, and the efficiency and effectiveness in the scheduling activities can also be increased.
Structures of inorganic polymers in sol-gel processes based on titanium oxide (1993)

Inorganic gels and precipitates have been made through hydrolysis and condensation of the precursor Ti(${\mathrm{OBu}}^{\mathit{n}}$${)}_{4}$ dissolved in n-butanol. The condensation of uninhibited precursors leads to precipitation; the selective inhibition of condensation through ${\mathrm{H}}^{+}$ ions prevents precipitation and leads to gelation. The structures of the polymers which result from condensation in either case have been examined through small-angle x-ray scattering. It has been found that these structures vary continuously with the inhibition ratio. At high inhibition, the polymers are tenuous objects with a self-similarity exponent ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{f}}$\ensuremath{\approxeq}2; they invade the whole sample volume to form transparent gels. At intermediate ratios, the polymers become bushy with a self-similarity exponent ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{f}}$>2 and they form turbid gels. Finally, precipitation occurs when ${\mathit{d}}_{\mathit{f}}$ reaches 3. These nonuniversal values of the exponents result from nonstationary growth modes, where a few large polymers grow first, and then densify through the capture of unused monomers.
Software and Hardware Prototypes of the IEEE 1588 Precision Time Protocol on Wireless LAN (2006)

IEEE 1588 is a standard for precise clock synchronization for networked measurement and control systems in LAN environment. This paper presents the design and implementation of two IEEE 1588 prototypes for wireless LAN (WLAN). The first one is implemented using a Linux PC platform and a standard IEEE 802.11 WLAN with modifications to the network device driver. The second prototype is implemented using an embedded WLAN development board that implements the synchronization functionality using an embedded processor with programmable logic device (PLD) circuits. The measured results show that 1.1 ns average clock offset can be reached on HW based implementation, while Linux PC network driver enables 660 ns with a standard WLAN. Although WLAN is an extremely difficult environment for the synchronization, the results achieved with the prototype are fully comparable to those achieved with wired LAN implementations.
Collagen synthesis in fibroblasts from human colon: regulatory aspects and differences with skin fibroblasts. (1992)

The purpose of this study was to examine regulation of collagen synthesis in human colon fibroblasts and compare the results from colon fibroblasts with those obtained in fibroblasts from human skin. The effects of interleukin-1 beta, tumour necrosis factor alpha, interferon gamma, transforming growth factor-beta, dexamethasone, and the calcium ionophore A23187 were investigated. All compounds were tested both in the absence and in the presence of fetal calf serum in the culture medium. The process of collagen synthesis in fibroblasts from colon and skin appears to be affected differently by these regulatory compounds. The most pronounced differences were that the relative collagen synthesis increased in dermal fibroblasts and decreased in colon fibroblasts upon addition of serum. In the presence of serum, interleukin-1 beta inhibited collagen synthesis in skin fibroblasts but not in colon fibroblasts. Dexamethasone suppressed the relative collagen synthesis in skin fibroblasts but not in colon fibroblasts. Transforming growth factor-beta stimulated the collagen synthesis in dermal fibroblasts in the presence of serum, but inhibited the process in colon fibroblasts. Because fibroblasts are the primary sources of collagen needed during wound repair, these results may offer (part of) the explanation why wounds in skin and intestine appear to behave differently under certain conditions.
Suppression of proliferation of human epidermal keratinocytes by 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D<sub>3</sub> Analysis of its effect on psoriatic lesion and of its mechanism using human keratinocytes in culture (1991)

Psoriasis is a genetically determined chronic disease of the skin, and an accelerated proliferation of epidermal keratinocytes is one of the pathophysiological characteristics of psoriatic lesion. Recently, it was reported that topical administration of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 was effective for psoriasis. Our study was done to investigate the effect of 1,25-(OH)2-D3 on cell kinetics on human epidermal keratinocytes as a possible mechanism of its effect on psoriasis. After 24-h application of 1 microgram g-1 1,25-(OH)2-D3 ointment to psoriatic lesion, the number of mitotic keratinocytes decreased. When the cultured human keratinocytes were exposed to 10(-8) mol l-1 1,25-(OH)2-D3 for more than 9 days, inhibition of cell proliferation was noted. DNA distribution analysis by flow cytometry showed a decrease in cells in the S phase, and increase in 2c cells. This indicates blockade of the cell cycle in the G1 phase. The cell cycle time was not extended as a result of 1,25-(OH)2-D3-treatment.
Polyimide Ionomer Membranes for PEFCs and DMFCs (2007)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Brief History of Sulfonated Polyimide Ionomers Properties of Sulfonated Aromatic/Aliphatic Polyimide Ionomers Stability Water Uptake and Proton Conductivity Gas and Methanol Permeability PEFC Performance DMFC Performance Conclusions and Future Aspects
Highly efficient method for oxidation of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in water, utilizing a combination of UVC light and dissolved oxygen (2018)

Hydrogen sulfide is a hazardous contaminant that may appear in well-water and in sewage streams. Here we present a very efficient way for the removal of H2S from well-water, based on combining UVC light and oxygen. The method was tested with H2S-enriched tap water as well as with natural well water, both of which containing up to 20 mg/L of H2S. A conversion of up to 90% was obtained within a residence time of no more than a few minutes. The quantum efficiency, defined as the ratio between the number of removed H2S molecules to the number of impinging photons, was found to be as high as 70%, depending on conditions. The main product was found to be sulfate, without the appearance of elemental sulfur, i.e. with no major change in turbidity. The absence of sulfur in the outlet stream in of large importance when treating H2S-containing well-water, since it omits the need for posttreatment removal of particles. Results are explained by the excitation of HS− species, following by formation of polysulfide anions that readily react with any formed elemental sulfur, eventually yielding sulfate ions.
Manufacture of hourglass-shaped solder joint by induction heating reflow (2008)

Induction heating reflow method, which can achieve the solder bumping and interconnecting process in a simple way, was studied to control the height and shape of solder interconnects employed in electronic packaging application. A solder joint model was built to investigate the temperature distribution in the joint during the whole induction heating process by ANSYS software. Based on the simulation, the localized melting phenomenon is defined and identified by scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. In this work, the barrel-shaped solder joints with high heights and the hourglass-shaped solder joints can be obtained which is useful to increase the solder joint lifetime. The mechanism of solder joint height and shape control, which can be explained by the local melt phenomenon, is discussed and demonstrated by the different morphologies of Ag <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> Sn intermetallic compound (IMC). The findings of this paper will help to provide an understanding of the whole solder interconnecting process during induction heating reflow and the effects of electromagnetic field on solder interconnect shape controlling.
Synthesis and in Vitro Antitumor Activity of Phenanthrolin-7-one Derivatives, Analogues of the Marine Pyridoacridine Alkaloids Ascididemin and Meridine: Structure−Activity Relationship (2003)

A series of substituted pyrido[4,3,2-de][1,7] or [1,10]-phenanthrolin-7-ones, analogues of the marine pyridoacridines meridine and ascididemin, have been synthesized on the basis of Diels-Alder reactions involving different quinoline-5,8-diones and N,N-aldehyde-dimethylhydrazones. All the compounds were evaluated for in vitro cytotoxic activity against 12 distinct human cancer cell lines. They all exhibit cytotoxic activity with IC(50) values at least of micromolar order.
LXXVIII.—Perhalides of quaternary ammonium salts (1923)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
The effect of induced air-flow on the spin coating of viscous liquids (1987)

In the spin-coating process for producing thin films, air flow induced by disk rotation provides a shear stress at the liquid-air interface which enhances the rate of thinning of the liquid film on the disk. An approximate analysis using Cochran’s classical solution [Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 30, 365 (1934)] for the induced air flow is presented. Regions wherein air flow significantly enhances thinning are delineated. As film thickness becomes very small, in accordance with a dimensionless criterion developed as part of the analysis, the external air flow dominates the centrifugal effect and controls the final rate of thinning. A set of data obtained under conditions appropriate to application of this new theory shows enhanced thinning, but not to the degree predicted.
On the Use of Paramagnetic Beads and Ferrofluids to Assess and Eliminate the Leukocytic Contribution to Oxygen Radical Generation by Human Sperm Suspensions (1996)

Although human spermatozoa can generate reactive oxygen species, sperm function is inhibited by the additional oxidative stress created by contaminating leukocytes. Removal of these cells with paramagnetic beads enhances fertilizing potential.
Filling and capping multiwall carbon nanotubes with silicon nanocrystals dispersed in SiO2-based spin on glass (2006)

Silicon nanocrystals (Si-ncs) are particularly interesting not only for their optical properties but also because recent developments have made possible the production of optoelectronic devices. In the present work, an approach is proposed either to introduce Si-ncs at room temperature inside the multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) or to cap Si-nc on one open end of MWCNT. The Si-ncs dispersed in SiO2-based spin on glass solution have been preliminary disaggregated in an ammonia solution and contacted with open MWCNTs with different average inner diameters (IDs) within an ID range of 6–40nm. The ends of MWCNTs have been opened by a thermal annealing at appropriate temperatures that are previously evaluated from thermogravimetric investigations. On the tip of MWCNTs of small inner diameters it has been possible to stick a single Si-nc and cap the open end of the tube (Si-nc∕MWCNT), whereas with increasing IDs of MWCNTs, Si-ncs were introduced inside the tubule (Si-ncs-MWCNT). High resolution transmission electron microscopy and diffraction patterns provide evidence for many Si-ncs incorporated inside the MWCNTs. The capillary forces provided by the opening of the MWCNTs are strong enough to attract and even more to carry the Si-ncs within nanotubes far from their mouth. Photoluminescence properties of Si-nc inside the MWCNTs are investigated at room temperature. Implications on the interest of their composite material, Si-ncs-MWCNT, are discussed in terms of chemical and mechanical stabilizations, wiring, and handling single Si-nc.
Diabetic Neuropathy: Pathophysiology and Prevention of Foot Ulcers (1999)

Diabetic neuropathy, which affects 60% to 70% of those with diabetes mellitus, is one of the most troubling complications for persons with diabetes, often leading to foot ulcers and potentially to lower limb amputations, both of which are preventable. The physiologic, structural, and functional changes associated with diabetic neuropathy and foot ulcers are discussed. Advanced practice nurses are in a unique position to implement strategies for the prevention of serious and debilitating complications from diabetic neuropathy, including foot assessment, education, and specialist referrals. Research evidence is given to support the use of the Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments to evaluate decreased plantar sensation, a common precursor to ulceration. Ongoing patient and family education can emphasize the importance of preventive self-care measures. Referrals for specialist care and therapeutic footwear can be made by advanced practice nurses. If begun early, these interventions can prevent foot ulcers from diabetic neuropathy, thereby improving the quality of life and reducing healthcare costs for this chronic disease.
Reduction of DC link capacitor stress for double three-phase drive unit through shifted control and phase displacement (2015)

In automotive industry space is extremely limited. The efficient and fast control of electric motors is a key technology to save energy and space. This paper shows strategies to improve energy consumption of a redundant Voltage Source Inverter (VSI) and an associated double three-phase Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). Focus is to significantly reduce the DC link power dissipation of the power electronics to extend life time or to reduce the capacity and thus the size required to install the capacitors. In particular, shifted control technique and in addition phase displacement are developed and implemented on a drive unit used in automotive application to control the multi-phase system. Analytical calculations show that these strategies reduce the DC link capacitor effective current value. The conventional three-phase PMSM is compared with the double three-phase PMSM run with the new control strategies.
The Risk-Benefit Profile of Aprotinin Versus Tranexamic Acid in Cardiac Surgery (2009)

Aprotinin tends to have a better risk-benefit profile than tranexamic acid in high-risk, but not low- to moderate-risk, patients. Its use in high-risk cases may therefore be warranted.
Preperitoneal Pelvic Packing/External Fixation with Secondary Angioembolization: Optimal Care for Life-Threatening Hemorrhage from Unstable Pelvic Fractures (2011)

PPP/EF was effective in controlling hemorrhage from unstable pelvic fractures. None of these high-risk patients died due to pelvic bleeding. Secondary angioembolization was needed in a minority, permitting selective use of this resource-demanding intervention. Additionally, PPP/EF temporizes arterial hemorrhage, providing valuable transfer time for facilities without angiography. With other urgent operative interventions required in >85% of patients, combining these procedures with PPP/EF for operative pelvic hemorrhage control appears to optimize patient care.
First Results from Multifrequency Interferometry. A comparison of different decorrelation time constants at L, C, and X Band (2009)

The measurement of displacement from SAR images, using either interferometric or correlation techniques, is always carried out from a comparison between two or more acquisitions separated in time. It is therefore necessary to evaluate the level of phase decorrelation between the two acquisitions in order to understand the quality of the measures that can be obtained. The change of radar resolution cells in time is known to be the main responsible of the gradual decorrelation of the interferometric phase. However, a model that physically describes this process, is at the moment not available. Exploiting the test sites from GITEWS and Exupery, German projects focussed on determination of geo-risks, an analysis of the decorrelation time constants was performed on SAR data from PALSAR, ASAR and TerraSAR-X. Time series of the coherence have been computed and compared with simple statistical models. The time constants were analyzed as a measure of temporal decorrelation, in order to forecast the precision of displacement measures also for future missions. The extracted parameters were finally compared with the type of land covering using optical data and land use maps in order to determine a qualitative relationship between them and extend their validity in a more global context.
Interaction of 14-3-3ζ with Microtubule-Associated Protein Tau within Alzheimer’s Disease Neurofibrillary Tangles (2013)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of abnormal, straight filaments and paired helical filaments (PHFs) that are coated with amorphous aggregates. When PHFs are treated with alkali, they untwist and form filaments with a ribbonlike morphology. Tau protein is the major component of all of these ultrastructures. 14-3-3ζ is present in NFTs and is significantly upregulated in AD brain. The molecular basis of the association of 14-3-3ζ within NFTs and the pathological significance of its association are not known. In this study, we have found that 14-3-3ζ is copurified and co-immunoprecipitates with tau from NFTs of AD brain extract. In vitro, tau binds to both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated tau. When incubated with 14-3-3ζ, tau forms amorphous aggregates, single-stranded, straight filaments, ribbonlike filaments, and PHF-like filaments, all of which resemble the corresponding ultrastructures found in AD brain. Immuno-electron microscopy determined that both tau and 14-3-3ζ are present in these ultrastructures and that they are formed in an incubation time-dependent manner. Amorphous aggregates are formed first. As the incubation time increases, the size of amorphous aggregates increases and they are incorporated into single-stranded filaments. Single-stranded filaments laterally associate to form double-stranded, ribbonlike, and PHF-like filaments. Both tau and phosphorylated tau aggregate in a similar manner when they are incubated with 14-3-3ζ. Our data suggest that 14-3-3ζ has a role in the fibrillization of tau in AD brain, and that tau phosphorylation does not affect 14-3-3ζ-induced tau aggregation.
Temperature–pH effect upon germination of bacterial spores (1976)

Using several kinds of criteria for the germination of bacterial spores, germination–pH curves were drawn for Bacillus subtilis spores observed at different temperatures. The experiments revealed that optimum pH for spore germination was markedly changed by changing the incubation temperature; the optimum pH for germination was 7.4 at 37 °C and 5.4 at 10 °C. A possible mechanism involved in this phenomenon is discussed.
Use of piezoelectric foil for measurement of pressure fluctuations and local shear stress in flight (1988)

The measurement of pressure fluctuations in air flows poses several serious problems to the experimentalist. Generally a very limited frequency response is available, as the cavity above ordinary pressure transducers plays a crucial role for the sensor response. This type of transducer requires extensive work for incorporation into a surface. Recently, piezoelectric foil has become available for various applications. It offers ease of application and distributed measurements without strict frequency response limits. However, although the data acquisition is straightforward, it appears that particular caution is required for interpretation of the data as pressure fluctuations. In the present paper, emphasis is put on frequency response, true root-mean-square determination, as well as interpretation into skin friction data. Through analysis of flight data and laboratory calibrations, it is shown that the piezoelectric foil in general will respond to pressure fluctuations, and it is also shown that the piezofoil constitutes a repeatable and rugged source of information.
The creation of nanometer magnetic domain structure in artificially pinning hole of magneto-optical recording material (1998)

A novel method for pinning the magnetic domain in artificially pinning hole has been developed for magneto-optical (MO) thin film material Dy/sub x/(FeCo)/sub 1-x/. The artificially pinning holes were fabricated using electron-beam lithography. Hole arrays with square, star, and circle shapes had been made in this study. However, the nanometer scale magnetic domains could be formed inside the hole arrays if the pinning hole geometry was not well defined, and the pinning domain may induce media noise.
-Caprolactam (1954)

Lactamns are internal amides of amino-acids as lactones are internal esters of hydroxy acids.Thus: y-Hydroxy butyric acid on losing one molecule of water gives y-butyrolactone CH20H CH2 CH2 I COOH heat CH., < ~~I 0 CHi hydrolysis C CO-The formation of lactones is an example of a general tendency of carbon chains to form five or more membered rings when the appropriate con- ditions are created.The lactone is readily hydrolysed to the hydroxy acid.Similar types of change are brought about by heating y, 3, s, and 4 amino-acids to the temperature of fusion, thus:y-amino butyric acid loses one molecule of water and gives y-butyrolactam CH2.NH2 heat to fusion CH2 ,_ CH2 hydrolysis in acid or alkali COOH CHl,---CH.NH CH. COIThe 8-lactam of valeric acid is a six-membered ring and the s-lactam of caproic acid is a seven- membered ring.Cyclic amides are foreign to the animal body although they are readily formed by the conden- sation of amino-acids, e.g.2-5-dioxo-piperazine CO-NH from glycine CH2 CH,, by the action \/ NH-CO of dehydrating agents. Manufacture of s-Caprolactam and its PolymerThe general method for the preparation of 8, s, and 4 lactams and their parent amino-acids is the formation of the appropriate cyclic ketones from which, by way of the oximes, the cyclic amide is produced by the action of concentrated sulphuric acid.The last stage is known as the Beckmann transformation.Thus, starting from phenols, the intermediate reactions are as follows: OH C HC CH