gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fetal Pulse Oximetry and Cesarean Delivery (2007)

More than 5 years ago the Food and Drug Administration approved, conditionally, the OxiFirst Fetal Oxygen Saturation Monitoring System as an adjunct to electronic fetal monitoring. The goal of monitoring was to gain more knowledge of the condition of the fetus by continuously monitoring oxygen saturation when there is a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern. The sensor is inserted through the dilated cervix following membrane rupture, and positioned against the fetal face. This randomized trial, conducted at 14 university-based clinical centers, was designed as a means of learning whether adjunctive fetal oximetry lessens the need for cesarean delivery. Participants were nulliparous women with a singleton fetus in cephalic presentation at 36 or more weeks' gestation. The 5341 women in the study were randomized to either “open” fetal pulse oximetry with oxygen saturation values displayed to the clinician, or “masked” oximetry in which the results were hidden. Overall rates of cesarean delivery were 26.3% for the open group and 27.5% for masked monitoring, not a significant difference. The respective operative delivery rates were 7.1% and 7.9% for a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern; and 18.6% and 19.2% for dystocia, Findings were similar for the 2168 women in whom a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern was identified before randomization. There were no significant differences between the open and masked groups in the rates of forceps or vacuum-assisted delivery, even after excluding women who had labor induced. The relative risk of cesarean delivery associated with knowing the fetal oxygen saturation was 0.96 (95% confidence interval, 0.87–1.04). Neither maternal nor infant complications differed significantly in incidence between the study groups. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of a nonreassuring fetal heart rate pattern for low oxygen saturation (defined as less than 30% for 2 consecutive minutes) were, respectively, 87%, 19.5%, 35%, and 75%. One-fourth of fetuses with a normal heart rate pattern exhibited low oxygen saturation. This large-scale study failed to demonstrate that knowledge of intrapartum fetal oxygen saturation significantly lowers the rate of cesarean delivery or improves infant outcomes. The findings emphasize the need to rigorously evaluate new technologies.
Quasiperiodic icosahedral graphite sheets and high-genus fullereneswith nonpositive Gaussian curvature (1997)

A graphite model obtained by decorating a quasiperiodic icosahedral surface with heptagonal and hexagonal rings of ${\mathrm{sp}}^{2}$ hybridized carbon is presented. We have generated closed compact fullerenes with icosahedral symmetry, genus 11, without dangling bonds and no pentagonal rings (no positive curvature). Additionally, cubic fullerenelike structures (${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{h}}$ symmetry) with genus 5, without dangling bonds and no pentagonal rings have also been obtained. Extending this idea, closed perforated tubules with no pentagonal rings and genus higher than 5 are also generated. The geometry and stability of these nanostructures are discussed.
Platelet-Derived Growth Factor (PDGF) in Patients with Different Degrees of Chronic Arterial Obstructive Disease (1994)

Platelet activation and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Evidence has been accumulating that in the evolution of chronic arterial obstructive disease (CAOD) platelets are also crucially important. The aim of the present study was, therefore, to assess plasma levels of PDGF in patients with different degrees of CAOD according to Fontaine. Twenty patients (17 men, 3 women, mean age sixty-eight +/- seven years) with intermittent claudication (Fontaine stage II) entered the study and their PDGF levels were assessed by radioimmunoassay. Ten additional patients (7 men, 3 women, mean age seventy-three +/- seven years) with more severe CAOD (leg pain at rest/skin ulcers) were also studied. Ten healthy subjects (6 men, 4 women, mean age fifty-four +/- six years) comprised the control group. Patients in stage II were reinvestigated after sixty days of a "training" procedure. Patients with both intermittent claudication and more severe disease had higher levels of PDGF than controls (controls 165.9 +/- 119.1 pg/mL; Fontaine stage II 403.5 +/- 218.4; Fontaine stage III/IV 578.1 +/- 637.2: ANOVA P = 0.04) with no difference between the two groups of patients. After the training period, PDGF levels were significantly higher than at baseline (863.7 +/- 819.6 pg/mL vs 403.5 +/- 218.4) but without significant improvement of physical performance. The elevation of PDGF levels in blood from CAOD patients could be the result of marked platelet activation due to interaction with a widely damaged peripheral vasculature. The same was not true for coronary heart disease, in which normal values of PDGF in venous blood were found.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
RNA Viruses as Tools in Gene Therapy and Vaccine Development (2019)

RNA viruses have been subjected to substantial engineering efforts to support gene therapy applications and vaccine development. Typically, retroviruses, lentiviruses, alphaviruses, flaviviruses rhabdoviruses, measles viruses, Newcastle disease viruses, and picornaviruses have been employed as expression vectors for treatment of various diseases including different types of cancers, hemophilia, and infectious diseases. Moreover, vaccination with viral vectors has evaluated immunogenicity against infectious agents and protection against challenges with pathogenic organisms. Several preclinical studies in animal models have confirmed both immune responses and protection against lethal challenges. Similarly, administration of RNA viral vectors in animals implanted with tumor xenografts resulted in tumor regression and prolonged survival, and in some cases complete tumor clearance. Based on preclinical results, clinical trials have been conducted to establish the safety of RNA virus delivery. Moreover, stem cell-based lentiviral therapy provided life-long production of factor VIII potentially generating a cure for hemophilia A. Several clinical trials on cancer patients have generated anti-tumor activity, prolonged survival, and even progression-free survival.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Propofol (2018)

Propofol is an intravenous hypnotic drug that is used for induction and maintenance of sedation and general anaesthesia. It exerts its effects through potentiation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor, and has gained widespread use due to its favourable drug effect profile. The main adverse effects are disturbances in cardiopulmonary physiology. Due to its narrow therapeutic margin, propofol should only be administered by practitioners trained and experienced in providing general anaesthesia. Many pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) models for propofol exist. Some are used to inform drug dosing guidelines, and some are also implemented in so-called target-controlled infusion devices, to calculate the infusion rates required for user-defined target plasma or effect-site concentrations. Most of the models were designed for use in a specific and well-defined patient category. However, models applicable in a more general population have recently been developed and published. The most recent example is the general purpose propofol model developed by Eleveld and colleagues. Retrospective predictive performance evaluations show that this model performs as well as, or even better than, PK models developed for specific populations, such as adults, children or the obese; however, prospective evaluation of the model is still required. Propofol undergoes extensive PK and PD interactions with both other hypnotic drugs and opioids. PD interactions are the most clinically significant, and, with other hypnotics, tend to be additive, whereas interactions with opioids tend to be highly synergistic. Response surface modelling provides a tool to gain understanding and explore these complex interactions. Visual displays illustrating the effect of these interactions in real time can aid clinicians in optimal drug dosing while minimizing adverse effects. In this review, we provide an overview of the PK and PD of propofol in order to refresh readers' knowledge of its clinical applications, while discussing the main avenues of research where significant recent advances have been made.
Progressive Aphasia: Three Explanations (1995)

Progressive aphasia is a disorder in which speech, comprehension, reading, and writing slowly deteriorate. There is debate in the literature about whether progressive aphasia is a distinct clinical entity or part of a dementia process. Three main explanations have been proposed. The literature on progressive aphasia is reviewed in the context of these explanations, and the most significant findings are presented. Particular attention is given to the differential diagnosis of progressive aphasia and to the various types of progressive aphasia.
A compact wide aperture image rotator without aberrations (1980)

An asymmetric modification of the 'mirror Dove' image rotator is shown to exhibit almost complete freedom from chromatic, Seidel and polarisation aberrations and to operate in a diverging beam with an aperture of up to f/3.0. A simple design is shown whereby this critical ultimate performance may be met without precision components.
Matrix Metalloproteinase-2-deficient Fibroblasts Exhibit an Alteration in the Fibrotic Response to Connective Tissue Growth Factor/CCN2 because of an Increase in the Levels of Endogenous Fibronectin (2009)

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) is an important extracellular matrix remodeling enzyme, and it has been involved in different fibrotic disorders. The connective tissue growth factor (CTGF/CCN2), which is increased in these pathologies, induces the production of extracellular matrix proteins. To understand the fibrotic process observed in diverse pathologies, we analyzed the fibroblast response to CTGF when MMP-2 activity is inhibited. CTGF increased fibronectin (FN) amount, MMP-2 mRNA expression, and gelatinase activity in 3T3 cells. When MMP-2 activity was inhibited either by the metalloproteinase inhibitor GM-6001 or in MMP-2-deficient fibroblasts, an increase in the basal amount of FN together with a decrease of its levels in response to CTGF was observed. This paradoxical effect could be explained by the fact that the excess of FN could block the access to other ligands, such as CTGF, to integrins. This effect was emulated in fibroblasts by adding exogenous FN or RGDS peptides or using anti-integrin alpha(V) subunit-blocking antibodies. Additionally, in MMP-2-deficient cells CTGF did not induce the formation of stress fibers, focal adhesion sites, and ERK phosphorylation. Anti-integrin alpha(V) subunit-blocking antibodies inhibited ERK phosphorylation in control cells. Finally, in MMP-2-deficient cells, FN mRNA expression was not affected by CTGF, but degradation of (125)I-FN was increased. These results suggest that expression, regulation, and activity of MMP-2 can play an important role in the initial steps of fibrosis and shows that FN levels can regulate the cellular response to CTGF.
Tolerability profile of ZD4054 is consistent with the effects of endothelin A receptor-specific antagonism (2005)

4628 Background: Preclinical studies show ZD4054 to be an orally active, potent, specific endothelin A receptor (ETA) antagonist with potential utility in cancer. The anti-cancer effects of endothelin-1 (ET-1) antagonists appear to be mediated via ETA blockade, while inhibition of the endothelin B receptor (ETB) may adversely affect beneficial processes e.g. apoptosis and systemic clearance of ET-1. Specific ETA blockade is therefore considered optimal. This study aimed to assess the tolerability of ZD4054 in subjects with androgen independent prostate cancer (HRPC) with or without metastasis. Methods: ZD4054 was given orally, once daily in tablet form to men with HRPC (n = 16) in a phase IIa, open-label, multicentre, dose-escalation study. The starting dose was 10 mg (n = 3) and doses were escalated to 15 mg (cohort subsequently expanded [n = 9]) and 22.5 mg (n = 4). Results: Therapy was well tolerated. Dose-limiting toxicities were encountered at 22.5 mg; one patient had grade 3 dyspnea and peripheral edema and a second patient had grade 3 headache and intraventricular haemorrhage. At the 15 mg dose level, enrolment was subsequently expanded to further determine the safety and tolerability of ZD4054. No dose-limiting toxicity was seen at 15 mg. The most frequent adverse events in patients receiving 15 mg ZD4054 were headache, peripheral edema, fatigue, nasal congestion and nausea. Although 3 patients developed significant weight gain the average weight change was 0.7 kg (range -1 to 4 kg [15 mg cohort]). An average hemoglobin decrease of 0.8 g/dL was observed. Conclusions: On the basis of these preliminary data, the maximum tolerated daily oral dose of ZD4054 in HRPC patients was identified as 15 mg. The observed tolerability profile of ZD4054 is consistent with effects arising from specific ETA antagonism. As a result of this specificity, ZD4054 has the potential to block the pathological processes in malignancy that are mediated by ETA while allowing the beneficial processes mediated by ETB to proceed. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration AstraZeneca AstraZeneca Aventis, Celgene AstraZeneca
Integer wavelet transforms using the lifting scheme (1999)

Due to its good decorrelating properties, the wavelet transform is a powerful tool for signal analysis. The lifting scheme is an efficient algorithm to calculate wavelet transforms and it allows for the construction of second-generation wavelets. Furthermore it can easily be converted to an integer transform, which is of great importance for multimedia applications. We show how the lifting scheme can be used for one- and twodimensional signals. In the 2D case, we consider a rectangular grid on which we construct second-generation wavelets based on a red-black blocking scheme. Compared to classical tensor product wavelets on the same grid, these wavelets show less anisotropy.
Subunit Oligomerization and Substrate Recognition of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> ClpYQ (HslUV) Protease Implicated by In Vivo Protein-Protein Interactions in the Yeast Two-Hybrid System (2003)

ABSTRACT The Escherichia coli ClpYQ (HslUV) is an ATP-dependent protease that consists of an ATPase large subunit with homology to other Clp family ATPases and a peptidase small subunit related to the proteasomal β-subunits of eukaryotes. Six identical subunits of both ClpY and ClpQ self-assemble into an oligomeric ring, and two rings of each subunit, two ClpQ rings surrounded by single ClpY rings, form a dumbbell shape complex. The ClpYQ protease degrades the cell division inhibitor, SulA, and a positive regulator of capsule transcription, RcsA, as well as RpoH, a heat shock sigma transcription factor. Using the yeast-two hybrid system, we explored the in vivo protein-protein interactions of the individual subunits of the ClpYQ protease involved in self-oligomerization, as well as in recognition of specific substrates. Interactions were detected with ClpQ/ClpQ, ClpQ/ClpY, and ClpY/SulA. No interactions were observed in experiments with ClpY/ClpY, ClpQ/RcsA, and ClpQ/SulA. However, ClpY, lacking domain I (ClpY ΔI ) was able to interact with itself and with intact ClpY. The C-terminal region of ClpY is important for interaction with other ClpY subunits. The previously defined PDZ-like domains at the C terminus of ClpY, including both D1 and D2, were determined to be indispensable for substrate binding. Various deletion and random point mutants of SulA were also made to verify significant interactions with ClpY. Thus, we demonstrated in vivo hetero- and homointeractions of ClpQ and ClpY molecules, as well as a direct association between ClpY and substrate SulA, thereby supporting previous in vitro biochemical findings.
Isoprinosine and Imuthiol, two potentially active compounds in patients with AIDS-related complex symptoms. (1985)

Isoprinosine and Imuthiol are immunomodulators with a unique effect on T-cells. The possibility of using them in treating patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex (ARC) was initially examined regarding their in vitro effects on peripheral blood mononuclear cells. In six ARC patients Isoprinosine (100 micrograms/ml) and Imuthiol (10 pg/ml) induced in vitro an early chromatin activation as measured by nuclear refringency test and potentiated phytohemagglutinin (5 micrograms/ml) in the same 20-min assay in the absence of fetal calf serum. In all patients an early phytohemagglutinin induced chromatin dispersion was observed with a dose related response before interleukin 2 production can occur. Isoprinosine and Imuthiol increased significantly both the percentage and the absolute number of T4+ cells when peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated for 4 days in RPMI supplemented with 10% fetal calf serum. No changes in T8+ cells were noted. Three homosexual ARC patients were then treated p.o. with Imuthiol (5-10 mg/kg/week) for 4 to 6 months. Without any deleterious effect a clinical improvement (in terms of adenopathy and opportunistic infection regression) and restoration of the response to recall antigens were observed in all three patients. One patient with less than 500 T4+ lymphocytes/mm3 exhibited a complete restoration of OKT profiles. In such patients clinical and immunological effects of Isoprinosine have already been reported by others. Altogether these preliminary results indicate that more data should be obtained on the effects of these two agents in ARC patients.
Plasticized Sulfur Compositions for Traffic Marking (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPlasticized Sulfur Compositions for Traffic MarkingC. Kinney HancockCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1954, 46, 11, 2431–2435Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50539a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50539a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views58Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Geranylgeraniol and Neurological Impairment: Involvement of Apoptosis and Mitochondrial Morphology (2016)

Deregulation of the cholesterol pathway is an anomaly observed in human diseases, many of which have in common neurological involvement and unknown pathogenesis. In this study we have used Mevalonate Kinase Deficiency (MKD) as a disease-model in order to investigate the link between the deregulation of the mevalonate pathway and the consequent neurodegeneration. The blocking of the mevalonate pathway in a neuronal cell line (Daoy), using statins or mevalonate, induced an increase in the expression of the inflammasome gene (NLRP3) and programmed cell death related to mitochondrial dysfunction. The morphology of the mitochondria changed, clearly showing the damage induced by oxidative stress and the decreased membrane potential associated with the alterations of the mitochondrial function. The co-administration of geranylgeraniol (GGOH) reduced the inflammatory marker and the damage of the mitochondria, maintaining its shape and components. Our data allow us to speculate about the mechanism by which isoprenoids are able to rescue the inflammatory marker in neuronal cells, independently from the block of the mevalonate pathway, and about the fact that cell death is mitochondria-related.
Improved Lysis of Single Bacterial Cells by a Modified Alkaline-Thermal Shock Procedure (2016)

Single-cell genomics (SCG) is a recently developed tool to study the genomes of unculturable bacterial species. SCG relies on multiple-strand displacement amplification (MDA), PCR, and next-generation sequencing (NGS); however, obtaining sufficient amounts of high-quality DNA from samples is a major challenge when performing this technique. Here we present an improved bacterial cell lysing procedure that combines incubation in an alkaline buffer with a thermal shock (freezing/heating) treatment to yield highly intact genomic DNA with high efficiency. This procedure is more efficient in lysing Bacillus subtilis and Synechocystis cells compared with two other frequently used lysis methods. Furthermore, 16S ribosomal RNA gene and overall genome recovery were found to be improved by this method using single cells from a Utah desert soil community or Escherichia coli single cells, respectively. The efficiency of genome recovery for E. coli single cells using our procedure is comparable with that of the REPLI-g Single Cell (sc) Kit, but our method is much more economical. By providing high-quality genome templates suitable for downstream applications, our procedure will be a promising improvement for SCG research.
On Adaptive HTTP Streaming to Mobile Devices (2013)

Adaptive Streaming over HTTP is a new video streaming technique that starts to boom in recent years. Meanwhile, mobile devices are quickly becoming the main platform for streaming services. Adaptive streaming to mobile devices faces additional challenges of high TCP throughput variability and limited battery supply. In this paper, we address those challenges and develop a video adaptation algorithm driven by buffered video time, TCP throughput history, recent video rates, and battery level. Our algorithm smoothly adapts the target video rate to the available network bandwidth and the remaining battery level, while maximally avoiding playback freezes. We implement the proposed algorithm into a fully-functional mobile DASH system and evaluate its performance through extensive experiments over WiFi and 3G connections. We demonstrate that our mobile DASH designs are highly efficient and robust in realistic network environments.
Structuring computer-mediated communication systems to avoid information overload (1985)

Unless computer-mediated communication systems are structured, users will be overloaded with information. But structure should be imposed by individuals and user groups according to their needs and abilities, rather than through general software features.