gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitigating man in the middle attack over secure sockets layer (2009)

Phishing is a social engineering mechanism to steal the user's credentials which are then used for identity theft leading to financial benefit. Currently majority of Phishing attacks are very unsophisticated as they focus on collecting just the credentials and do not try to validate in real time whether the received credentials are correct. It is obvious that next generation Phishing attacks will, in real time, try to check the credentials and also try to exploit the same. It is easy for a Phisher to behave as a man-in-the middle (MITM) between the user and the targeted site which is being phished. The problem with MITM attack is all the heuristics like monitoring domain name for special characters, using blacklists, page analysis etc , fail to restrict the Phisher. One of the significant literature available in this area i.e., PwdHash, which is successful for attacks when the user is on a URL other than genuine website. In this paper, we have proposed and implemented a novel approach to solve MITM over SSL which uses the genuine website URL. To tackle such attacks we propose hashing the user password with the public key of the server's digital certificate. This approach beats the MITM, since the MITM receives the hash of the original password which cannot be reused. We prove our concept with a browser plugin.
Life beyond Distributed Transactions: an Apostate's Opinion. (2007)

This article explores and names some of the practical approaches used in the implementation of large-scale mission-critical applications in a world that rejects distributed transactions. Topics include the management of fine-grained pieces of application data that may be repartitioned over time as the application grows. Design patterns support sending messages between these repartitionable pieces of data.
A computational method of temperature distribution in high frequency planar transformers (2011)

In high frequency planar transformers and inductors, conventional wires have been replaced by printed circuit boards or laminated copper windings. This technology can outperform traditional wire-wound transformers in terms of cost, dimensions and performance. However, in order to obtain high efficiency and high power/size ratio, their design requires the knowledge of the internal temperature distribution. For such a reason, this paper proposes a two-dimensional numerical method for a combined computation of both the temperature distribution and the electromagnetic behaviour of planar transformers and inductors. After a detailed description of the proposed methodology, this paper reports, compares and analyzes calculated and measured results demonstrating prediction capabilities of the proposed method.
Using Social Media Information for Staffing Decisions: Some Uncharted Territory In Validity Research (2012)

Social Media (SM) has become a pervasive technology in our society. In this paper, we consider the implications of organizations increasingly using searches of SM websites to gather information on job applicants (and perhaps employees). SM assessments most often appear to involve analyzing information posted for social, rather than for employment, purposes. Such assessments may be problematic, because raters may not be able to elicit a common set of questions/cues for evaluating all applicants (due to information being archival, voluntarily uploaded, and on different platforms). Perhaps due to the rapid evolution of the social space, organizational practices have outstripped the scientific study of SM assessments (e.g., capacity to predict job performance or withdrawal). We draw on diverse bodies of literature, from judgment and decision making to health promotion, in order to advance a research agenda (including research propositions) for SM assessment and validity in staffing and related areas. A somewhat rare moment in staffing research has arrived when practice introduces a new variable/predictor class to research. This state of affairs offers researchers the opportunity to respond by conducting research on the implications of SM assessments in personnel decisions.
Repair Method for Prestressed Girder Bridges (2009)

It is common practice that aging and structurally damaged prestressed concrete bridge members are taken out of service and replaced. This, however, is not an efficient use of materials and resources since the member can often be repaired in situ. There are numerous repair techniques proposed by entrepreneurial and academic institutions which restore prestressed concrete girder flexural strength and save both material and economic resources. Of course, not all repair methods are applicable in every situation and thus each must be assessed based on girder geometry and the objectives of the repair scenario. This document focuses on the practical application of prestressed concrete bridge girder repair methods. In this document, repair methods are presented for three prototype prestressed concrete highway bridge girder shapes: adjacent boxes (AB), spread boxes (SB), and AASHTO-type I-girders (IB), having four different damage levels. A total of 22 prototype repair designs are presented. Although not applicable to all structure types or all damage levels, the repair techniques covered include the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) strips, CFRP fabric, near-surface mounted (NSM) CFRP, prestressed CFRP, post-tensioned CFRP, strand splicing and external steel post-tensioning. It is the authors’ contention that each potential structural repair scenario should be assessed independently to determine which repair approach is best suited to the unique conditions of a specific project. Therefore, no broad classifications have been presented directly linking damage level (or a range of damage) to specific repair types. Nonetheless, it is concluded that when 25% of the strands in a girder no longer contribute to its capacity, girder replacement is a more appropriate solution. Guidance with respect to inspection and assessment of damage to prestressed concrete highway bridge girders and the selection of a repair method is presented. These methods are described through 22 detailed design examples. Based on these examples, review of existing projects and other available data, a detailed review of selection and performance criteria for prestressed concrete repair methods is provided. Best practices based on the study objectives are presented.
Lithium and Valproate Decrease Inositol Mass and Increase Expression of the Yeast INO1 and INO2Genes for Inositol Biosynthesis (2001)

Bipolar affective disorder (manic-depressive illness) is a chronic, severe, debilitating illness affecting 1-2% of the population. The Food and Drug Administration-approved drugs lithium and valproate are not completely effective in the treatment of this disorder, and the mechanisms underlying their therapeutic effects have not been established. We are employing genetic and molecular approaches to identify common targets of lithium and valproate in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show that both drugs affect molecular targets in the inositol metabolic pathway. Lithium and valproate cause a decrease in intracellular myo-inositol mass and an increase in expression of both a structural (INO1) and a regulatory (INO2) gene required for inositol biosynthesis. The opi1 mutant, which exhibits constitutive expression of INO1, is more resistant to inhibition of growth by lithium but not by valproate, suggesting that valproate may inhibit the Ino1p-catalyzed synthesis of inositol 1-phosphate. Consistent with this possibility, growth in valproate leads to decreased synthesis of inositol monophosphate. Thus, both lithium and valproate perturb regulation of the inositol biosynthetic pathway, albeit via different mechanisms. This is the first demonstration of increased expression of genes in the inositol biosynthetic pathway by both lithium and valproate. Because inositol is a key regulator of many cellular processes, the effects of lithium and valproate on inositol synthesis have far-reaching implications for predicting genetic determinants of responsiveness and resistance to these agents.
Penicillin G extraction from model media using an emulsion liquid membrane: Determination of optimum extraction conditions (1994)

Penicillin G extraction by an emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was investigated. The effects of surfactants, diluents, and carrier mixtures, together with their combined effects on the initial extraction rate and the emulsion stability were examined. Surfactants, diluents, and carriers used were Span80 (sorbitan monooleate)/ECA4360J (nonionic polyamine), n-butyl acetate/kerosene, and DOA (dioctylamine)/Amberlite LA-2 (secondary amine), respectively. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be 20% (v/v) of Span80 in ECA4360J as a surfactant, kerosene as a diluent and Amberlite LA-2 as a carrier.
Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy I. Modelling cell contact region fluorescence (1990)

Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) is a powerful technique for visualizing focal and close contacts between the cell and the surface. Practical application of TIRF has been hampered by the lack of straightforward methods to calculate separation distances. The characteristic matrix theory of thin dielectric films was used to develop simple exponential approximations for the fluorescence excited in the cell-substratum contact region during a TIRF experiment. Two types of fluorescence were examined: fluorescently labeled cell membranes, and a fluorescent water-soluble dye. By neglecting the refractive index of the cell membrane, the fluorescence excited in the cell membrane was modelled by a single exponential function while the fluorescence in the membrane/substratum water gap followed a weighted sum of two exponentials. The error associated with neglecting the cell membrane for an incident angle of 70 degrees never exceeded 2.5%, regardless of the cell-substratum separation distance. Comparisons of approximated fluorescence intensities to more exact solutions of the fluorescence integrals for the three-phase model indicated that the approximations are accurate to about 1% for membrane/substratum gap thicknesses of less than 50 nm if the cytoplasmic and water gap refractive indices are known. The intrinsic error of this model in the determination of membrane/substratum separations was 10% as long as the uncertainties in the water gap and cytoplasmic refractive indices were less than 1%.
[Transdermal salicylate absorption and behavior of corticosteroid plasma levels during epidermal administration of an antiphlogistic ointment]. (1983)

After repeated epidermal application of an ointment containing salicylic acid, mucopolysaccharidepolysulfate and suprarenal extract (Mobilat) the transdermal absorption of salicylate was determined in seven healthy volunteers by measuring the renal excretion of salicylate as well as the plasma level. The determination of the corticosteroid plasma level was to elucidate a possible effect caused by the suprarenal extract contained in Mobilat ointment. By means of high pressure liquid chromatography the concentrations of salicylic acid and salicyluric acid in the collected urine and in the plasma were established. The quantitative determination of hydrocortisone, 11-desoxycortisol and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone, selected as indicator steroids, was performed by radioimmuno assay. After repeated application of Mobilat ointment a constant level of salicylic acid in plasma of approximately 0.2 microgram/ml was observed. The total excretion of salicylate reaches a constant level of approximately 12 mg/day. About 6.9% of the amount of salicylate was renally excreted after 7 days. The corticosteroid plasma level showed no significant change.
Large-Scale Automated Sleep Staging (2017)

Training with a large data set enables automated sleep staging that compares favorably with human scorers. Because testing was performed on a large and heterogeneous data set, the performance estimate has low variance and is likely to generalize broadly.
Cardiac Displacement During <sup>13</sup>N-Ammonia Myocardial Perfusion PET/CT: Comparison Between Adenosine- and Regadenoson-Induced Stress (2017)

This study investigated differences in cardiac displacement during adenosine stress versus regadenoson stress in <sup>13</sup>N-ammonia (<sup>13</sup>NH<sub>3</sub>) MP PET/CT scans. <b>Methods:</b> In total, 61 myocardial perfusion PET/CT scans were acquired using either adenosine (<i>n</i> = 30) or regadenoson (<i>n</i> = 31) as a stressor. For both groups, cardiac displacement during rest and stress was measured 3-dimensionally, relative to either a fixed reference frame or the previous frame, in each 1-min frame of a list-mode PET acquisition of 25 min. All stress scans were additionally evaluated for the presence of motion artifacts. Also, the tolerability of the agents and the occurrence of side effects were compared between groups. <b>Results:</b> Significantly larger cardiac displacement during stress was detected in the adenosine group than in the regadenoson group, reflected by both maximal cardiac displacement (<i>P</i> = 0.022) and mean cardiac displacement (<i>P</i> = 0.001). The duration of the movement was typically shorter in the regadenoson group. Frames with cardiac displacement of at least 5 mm were observed nearly twice as frequently when adenosine was used instead of regadenoson. <b>Conclusion:</b> The displacement during regadenoson stress is of lower amplitude and shorter duration than that during adenosine stress and may therefore contribute to a lower incidence of motion artifacts on PET/CT scans.
Separation and classification of the brown pigments of aqueous infusions of black tea (1969)

Abstract Rapid thin‐film counter‐current dialysis of a typical infusion of black tea indicates that 10–12% of the soluble solids are non‐dialysable. the major components of this fraction are polysaccharides and a complex mixture which could not be separated into its protein and polyphenolic constituents. This latter complex accounts for 30–40% of the colour ( E 450 ) of the infusion. Solvent extraction of the infusion followed by dialysis of the various extracts reveals that the polyphenol‐protein complex may be approximately equated with ‘S II thearubigins’. Chromatography of infusions and various extracts thereof on alkylated Sephadex allows a partial separation of the coloured components largely owing to differences in molecular size. At least 7 distinct zones can be recognised.
The state-of-the-art in SOI technology (1988)

The advantages of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) device structures over bulk silicon structures are summarized. The leading SOI fabrication methods are surveyed, and their current development status is discussed. The future of SOI for submicron (<0.5 mu m) production is assessed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modeling, Analysis, and Realization of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Current Vector Control by MATLAB/Simulink and FPGA (2017)

In this paper, we present the modeling, analysis, and realization of current vector control for a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) drive using MATLAB/Simulink and a field programmable gate array (FPGA). In AC motor drive systems, most of the current vector controls are realized by digital signal processors (DSPs) because of their complete and compact hardware functions. However, the performances of drive systems realized by low-cost DSP are limited by the hardware structure and computation capacity, which may lead to the difficulty of reaching a fast enough response, above all, for those motors with a small electrical time constant. Therefore, we use FPGA to speed up the calculation about the current vector control to attain a fast response. Simulations and practical experimental results are used to verify the correctness and performance of the designed full hardware system.
Embarrassed or Awkward? Ranking Emotion Synonyms for ESL Learners' Appropriate Wording (2015)

We introduce a novel framework based on the probabilistic model for emotion wording assistance. The example sentences from the online dictionary, Vocabulary.com are utilized as the training data; and the writings in a designed ESL's writing task are the testing corpus. The emotion events are captured by extracting patterns of the example sentences. Our approach learns the joint probability of contextual emotion events and the emotion words from the training corpus. After extracting patterns in the testing corpus, we then aggregate their probabilities to suggest the emotion word that describes the ESL's context most appropriately. We evaluate the proposed approach by the NDCG@5 of the suggested words for the writings in the testing corpus. The experiment result shows our approach can more appropriately suggest the emotion words compared to SVM, PMI and two representative on-line reference tools, PIGAI and Thesaurus.com.
Fault-tolerant refresh power reduction of DRAMs for quasi-nonvolatile data retention (2003)

A quasi-nonvolatile memory system based on commercially available low-power dynamic random access memory (DRAM) technology is proposed and demonstrated. By applying a powerful one-shot Reed-Solomon error correction code (ECC) to the data stored in the DRAM, the refresh rate and memory system power usage can be greatly reduced while still maintaining data integrity. An adaptive refresh rate controller was developed in order to ensure robustness against the variations in data retention time due to perturbation effects such as DRAM part-to-part variations, environmental changes and data pattern sensitivity, while at the same time minimizing power usage. By checking for data failures among a small subset of data bits which are dynamically selected at the beginning of each use of the system, the state of the perturbation effects are predicted and used to adjust the refresh rate. As a result, a system was developed that provides reliability equivalent to standard DRAM systems while greatly (10-100X) reducing the refresh power. Experimental results of a test system are presented.
Crystalline Preparation of Botulinum Toxin Type a (Botox): Degradation in Potency with Storage (1993)

Laryngeal injection of botulinum toxin type A is currently the most effective method of treating spasmodic dysphonia. Botox, a crystalline preparation of botulinum toxin type A, is the only toxin approved for clinical use in the United States and is packaged in vials of 100 mouse units (MU). One MU corresponds to the calculated median lethal intraperitoneal dose (LD50) injected in mice. The logistic problems arising from the need for repeated injections of small amounts of Botox have been addressed by several investigators by refreezing unused Botox for use at a later time. Although FDA labeling recommends that Botox not used within 4 hours of reconstitution be discarded, data regarding degradation in potency after reconstitution and refreezing are not currently available. Using the LD50 Swiss-Webster mouse bioassay and statistical analysis by the Probit procedure, a 69.8% loss in potency was found when Botox was reconstituted, immediately frozen, and then assayed 2 weeks later (p < 0.0001). Statistically significant degradation in potency was seen after refrigerator storage for 12 hours (p = 0.007), but not for 6 hours (p = 0.16). Clinical implications regarding the dilution, use, and storage of Botox are discussed.
Ferroelectric ceramics and thin films for uncooled thermal imaging arrays (2002)

The pyroelectric effect in ferroelectric materials has long been used for the detection and imaging of long wavelength infra-red radiation. Lead scandium tantalate (PST) has been shown to have exceptionally good pyroelectric figures of merit, especially for small detectors of the type involved in the large arrays needed for uncooled solid state thermal imaging. This paper will review the properties of PST in relation to those of other materials which have been considered for use in this role and discuss how the inclusion of dopants can be used to modify the properties of the material in a way which would be beneficial to certain modes of detector operation, particularly with respect to the elimination of the requirement of cooling. Single element detectors and linear and two dimensional arrays have been made using PST. Their properties are compared with those of similar devices made using conventional pyroelectric ceramics. Ferroelectric thin films can now be made using sol-gel techniques whose figure-of-merit are comparable with those of bulk ceramic materials and the properties of these will be reviewed in relation to those of the ceramics discussed above and their potential for device applications discussed.
Deposit Control: Novel Concepts for Monitoring and Control of Deposits in Pulp and Paper Mills (2011)

Deposit control programs in pulp and paper mills are critical for machine runnability and paper quality. Although these programs are used in most systems, the management of their performance has historically been quite poor and complicated, entailing intensive analytical work and representing, in general, a reactive approach to the problem. This paper introduces the use of online and offline monitoring tools to enable a proactive approach to deposit control. Monitoring techniques are used for program dose optimisation, trial evaluation and for studying the effect of process conditions on the deposit propensity of the media. Nalco's innovation integrates online monitoring technologies with deposit control programs to monitor and control microbiological slime, pitch and stickies, and inorganic scale. With demonstrated success in the laboratory and at the mill sites, this approach enables papermakers to optimise chemical usage, ensure deposit control program performance, improve operating efficiency and ultimately reduce total cost of operation.
Priority inheritance spin locks for multiprocessor real-time systems (2002)

When a real-time system is realized on a shared-memory multiprocessor priority-ordered spin locks are often required to reduce priority inversions. However, simple priority-ordered spin locks can cause uncontrolled priority inversions when they are used for nested spin locks. This paper points out the problem of uncontrolled priority inversions in the context of spin locks and proposes priority inheritance spin locks, spin lock algorithms that are enhanced with the priority inheritance scheme, to solve the problem. Two algorithms of priority inheritance spin locks are presented and their effectiveness is demonstrated through performance measurements.
MINING CLICKSTREAM-BASED DATA CUBES (2004)

Clickstream analysis can reveal usage patterns on company’s web sites giving highly improved understanding of customer behaviour, which can be used to improve customer satisfaction with the website and the company in general, yielding a great business advantage. Such summary information and rules have to be extracted from very large collections of clickstreams in web sites. This is challenging data mining, both in terms of the magnitude of data involved, and the need to incrementally adapt the mined patterns and rules as new data is collected. In this paper, we present some guidelines for implementing on-line analytical mining (OLAM) engines which means an integration of OLAP and mining techniques for exploring multidimensional data cube structures. In addition, we describe a data cube alternative for analyzing clickstreams. Besides, we discussed implementations that we consider efficient approaches on exploring multidimensional data cube structures, such as DBMiner, WebLobMiner, and OLAP-based Web Access
Indium Caulking Technique for Vacuum Seal (1970)

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