gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SKIN PEELING AND SCARIFICATION (1941)

Cosmetic defects such as pitted scars and unsightly pigmentations may affect the mental well-being and the economic opportunities of a person. The removal or improvement of cosmetic defects is always a problem. We here describe procedures which we have found efficient in obliterating or lessening such disfigurements. The so-called skin peeling procedure is used in the treatment of chloasma, marked freckling, excessive oiliness, recalcitrant cases of acne vulgaris, rosacea, and to improve the tone of the skin. It is also beneficial after scarification for the improvement of pitted scars from acne vulgaris, smallpox and chickenpox. The term "skin peeling" connotes an artificially produced exfoliation of the corneous layer, sometimes extending beyond, caused by various chemical or physical measures. Normally there is a continuous desquamation of the outermost cells of the corneous layer of the epidermis as part of the process of the physiologic life and death of the epithelial cells.
Scandia And Ceria Stabilized Zirconia Based Electrolytes And Anodes For Intermediate Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells: Manufacturing And Properties (2013)

Mesoscale optical phenomena occur when light interacts with a number of different types of materials, such as biological and chemical systems and fabricated nanostructures. As a framework, mesoscale optics unifies the interpretations of the interaction of light with complex media when the outcome depends significantly upon the scale of the interaction. Most importantly, it guides the process of designing an optical sensing technique by focusing on the nature and amount of information that can be extracted from a measurement. Different aspects of mesoscale optics are addressed in this dissertation which led to the solution of a number of problems in complex media. Dynamical and structural information from complex fluids—such as colloidal suspensions and biological fluids—was obtained by controlling the size of the interaction volume with low coherence interferometry. With this information, material properties such as particle sizes, optical transport coefficients, and viscoelastic characteristics of polymer solutions and blood were determined in natural, realistic conditions that are inaccessible to conventional techniques. The same framework also enabled the development of new, scale-dependent models for several important physical and biological systems. These models were then used to explain the results of some unique measurements. For example, the transport of light in disordered photonic lattices was interpreted as a scale-dependent, diffusive process to explain the anomalous behavior of photon path length distributions through these complex structures. In addition, it was demonstrated how specialized optical measurements and models at the mesoscale enable solutions to fundamental problems in cell biology. Specifically, it was found for the first time that the nature of cell motility changes markedly with the curvature of the substrate that the cells iv move on. This particular work addresses increasingly important questions concerning the nature of cellular responses to external forces and the mechanical properties of their local environment. Besides sensing of properties and modeling behaviors of complex systems, mesoscale optics encompasses the control of material systems as a result of the light-matter interaction. Specific modifications to a material’s structure can occur due to not only an exchange of energy between radiation and a material, but also due to a transfer of momentum. Based on the mechanical action of multiply scattered light on colloidal particles, an optically-controlled active medium that did not require specially tailored particles was demonstrated for the first time. The coupling between the particles and the random electromagnetic field affords new possibilities for controlling mesoscale systems and observing nonequilibrium thermodynamic phenomena
A Branch-and-Price Algorithm for the Generalized Assignment Problem (1997)

The generalized assignment problem examines the maximum profit assignment of jobs to agents such that each job is assigned to precisely one agent subject to capacity restrictions on the agents. A new algorithm for the generalized assignment problem is presented that employs both column generation and branch-and-bound to obtain optimal integer solutions to a set partitioning formulation of the problem.
Single-strand breaks or alkali-sensitive sites in the DNA of human myeloma plasma cells and chronic lymphocytic leukemia lymphocytes (1985)

Alkaline-elution studies showed significant levels of either DNA single-strand breaks or alkali-sensitive sites in the plasma cells of six out of six myeloma patients and in the lymphocytes of two out of four patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia as compared with normal human lymphocytes. The increased rate of DNA elution was variable from sample to sample with a range that would correspond to that observed with 100-1000 rad (1 rad = 10 mGy) of X-ray irradiation. This alteration in DNA structure was observed in both new and advanced patients, did not appear to be related to prior therapy, and did not affect the in vitro viability of these cells. Repetitive alkaline-elution profiles obtained with tumor cells from three patients were similar on subsequent samples obtained 1 month apart. Altered DNA elution was not evident in peripheral blood lymphocytes from myeloma patients with altered plasma cell DNA elution. These observations are interesting in light of the recent hypothesis that breaking and rejoining of DNA, regulated by poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, may be a general mechanism of altering gene expression during differentiation.
The Central Conserved Cystine Noose of the Attachment G Protein of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Is Not Required for Efficient Viral Infection In Vitro or In Vivo (2002)

The G glycoprotein of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) was identified previously as the viral attachment protein. Although we and others recently showed that G is not essential for replication in vitro, it does affect the efficiency of replication in a cell type-dependent fashion and is required for efficient replication in vivo. The ectodomain of G is composed of two heavily glycosylated domains with mucin-like characteristics that are separated by a short central region that is relatively devoid of glycosylation sites. This central region contains a 13-amino acid segment that is conserved in the same form among RSV isolates and is overlapped by a second segment containing four cysteine residues whose spacings are conserved in the same form and which create a cystine noose. The conserved nature of the cystine noose and flanking 13-amino acid segment suggested that this region likely was important for attachment activity. To test this hypothesis, we constructed recombinant RSVs from which the region containing the cysteine residues was deleted together with part or all of the conserved 13-amino acid segment. Surprisingly, each deletion had little or no effect on the intracellular synthesis and processing of the G protein, the kinetics or efficiency of virus replication in vitro, or sensitivity to neutralization by soluble heparin in vitro. In addition, neither deletion had any discernible effect on the ability of RSV to infect the upper respiratory tract of mice and both resulted in a 3- to 10-fold reduction in the lower respiratory tract. Thus, although the G protein is necessary for efficient virus replication in vivo, this activity does not require the central conserved cystine noose region.
The realization of robot theater: Humanoid robots and theatric performance (2009)

This paper aims to report on the technical development and the realization of the world first robot theatre performance with a cast comprising two biped androids and two twin-wheeled two-armed humanoid robots. Each of the biped androids has a head with human-face, capable of showing multiple facial expressions, and a pair of 7 DOF arms with a multi-jointed hand capable of grabbing objects of various shapes and performing a number of trained talent shows. With a torso and two jointed legs, the android is capable of static walking. Each of two dual wheeled humanoid robots has a pair of 7 DOF arms and multi-jointed hands. These intelligent robots have advanced artificial intelligence including computer vision, voice recognition, and voice synthesis, and are capable of performing a number of entertaining programs on the stage.
An ECG compression technique for telecardiology application (2011)

An offline ECG compression technique, based on encoding of successive sample differences is proposed. The encoded elements are generated through four stages, viz., down sampling of raw samples, normalization of successive sample differences; data grouping; magnitude and sign encoding; and finally zero element compression. Initially, the compression algorithm is validated with short duration raw ECG samples from PTB database under Physionet. MATLAB simulation results using ptb-db data with 8-bit quantization results a compression ratio (CR) of 9.02 and percentage root mean square difference (PRD) of 2.51. With mit-db these figures are 4.68 and 0.739 respectively. The algorithm is presently being implemented in a wireless telecardiology system using a standalone embedded system.
Heritability of HR and BP response to exercise training in the HERITAGE Family Study (2002)

The trainability of SBP and HR in families with elevated BP appears to be determined in part by genetic factors, whereas DBP trainability may be more a function of environmental effects.
Diverse patterns of expression of the 67-kD laminin receptor in human small intestinal mucosa: potential binding sites for prion proteins? (2000)

It has been shown that the 67-kD laminin receptor (LR) may function as a receptor for Sindbis and tick-born encephalitis viruses. Recent data indicate that the 37-kD precursor (LRP) for this molecule acts as a receptor for prion proteins (PrP), self-proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies including new variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (nvCJD). Laminin and PrP share the same binding site on LRP, which is incorporated into the mature LR as a functional binding domain. To localize PrP binding sites potentially relevant to oral infection, the expression of the LR in human small intestinal mucosa was studied. Expression of the LR was determined by immunohistochemistry in duodenal and jejunal biopsies using a monoclonal antibody (MLuC5) which specifically recognizes the 67-kD LR. Biopsy material was obtained from 39 control patients, 15 patients with ulcerative colitis, 15 patients with Crohn's disease and uninvolved small bowel, and 28 patients with active coeliac disease. Two distinctive patterns of LR expression were found within each group of patients. One pattern was characterized by LR expression in the brush border and Golgi apparatus region of villus and crypt enterocytes. Paneth cell secretory granules were positive for LR in these samples. Brush border expression of LR was found in approximately 40% of samples, with the exception of Crohn's disease (6.7% of samples were positive). Another pattern of LR expression was characterized by positively stained endothelium, while the epithelium was generally negative (45 of 97). The use of two polyclonal antibodies which recognize both the LRP and the LR confirmed brush border and paranuclear expression of the LR, but also showed varying cytoplasmic and apical surface immunoreactivity in MLuC5-negative epithelium, reflecting the distribution of LRP as opposed to the mature receptor. In conclusion, expression of the LR in the brush border and in Paneth cell secretory granules suggests that this molecule might be involved in both secretory and endocytotic functions. The major implication of intestinal epithelial/brush border expression of the LR may be an increased susceptibility to oral infection with prion proteins.
Impact of Temperature and Humidity on the Perception of Indoor Air Quality (1998)

Abstract Sensory responses to clean air and air polluted by five building materials under different combinations of temperature and humidity in the ranges 18-28°C and 30-70%RH were studied in the laboratory. A specially designed test system was built and a set of experiments was designed to observe separately the impact of temperature and humidity on the perception of air quality/odour intensity, and on the emission of pollutants from the materials. This paper reports on the impact on perception. The odour intensity of air did not change significantly with temperature and humidity; however, a strong and significant impact of temperature and humidity on the perception of air quality was found. The air was perceived as less acceptable with increasing temperature and humidity. This impact decreased with an increasing level of air pollution. Significant linear correlations were found between acceptability and enthalpy of the air at all pollution levels tested, and a linear model was established to describe the dependence of perceived air quality on temperature and humidity at different pollution levels.
Content-based image orientation detection with support vector machines (2002)

Accurate and automatic image orientation detection is of great importance in image libraries. We present automatic image orientation detection algorithms by adopting both the illuminance (structural) and chrominance (color) low-level content features. Statistical learning support vector machines (SVMs) are used in our approach as the classifiers. The different sources of the extracted image features, as well as the binary classification nature of SVM, require our system to be able to integrate the outputs from multiple classifiers. Both static combiner (averaging) and trainable combiner (also based on SVMs) are proposed and evaluated. In addition, two rejection options (regular and reinforced ambiguity rejections) are employed to improve orientation detection accuracy by sieving out images with low confidence values during the classification. A number of experiments on a database of more than 14000 images were performed to validate our approaches.
Simultaneous determination of wear metals in lubricating oils by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimultaneous determination of wear metals in lubricating oils by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometryVelmer A. Fassel, Charlie A. Peterson, Frank N. Abercrombie, and Richard N. KniseleyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1976, 48, 3, 516–519Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60367a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60367a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views318Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Removal of Divalent Cations Induces Structural Transitions in <i>Red Clover Necrotic Mosaic Virus</i> , Revealing a Potential Mechanism for RNA Release (2006)

ABSTRACT The structure of Red clover necrotic mosaic virus (RCNMV), an icosahedral plant virus, was resolved to 8.5 Å by cryoelectron microscopy. The virion capsid has prominent surface protrusions and subunits with a clearly defined shell and protruding domains. The structures of both the individual capsid protein (CP) subunits and the entire virion capsid are consistent with other species in the Tombusviridae family. Within the RCNMV capsid, there is a clearly defined inner cage formed by complexes of genomic RNA and the amino termini of CP subunits. An RCNMV virion has approximately 390 ± 30 Ca 2+ ions bound to the capsid and 420 ± 25 Mg 2+ ions thought to be in the interior of the capsid. Depletion of both Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions from RCNMV leads to significant structural changes, including (i) formation of 11- to 13-Å-diameter channels that extend through the capsid and (ii) significant reorganization within the interior of the capsid. Genomic RNA within native capsids containing both Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ ions is extremely resistant to nucleases, but depletion of both of these cations results in nuclease sensitivity, as measured by a significant reduction in RCNMV infectivity. These results indicate that divalent cations play a central role in capsid dynamics and suggest a mechanism for the release of viral RNA in low-divalent-cation environments such as those found within the cytoplasm of a cell.
Impact of simvastatin, niacin, and/or antioxidants on cholesterol metabolism in CAD patients with low HDL (2003)

The HDL Atherosclerosis Treatment Study (HATS) demonstrated a clinical benefit in coronary artery disease patients with low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels treated with simvastatin and niacin (S-N) or S-N plus antioxidants (S-N+A) compared with antioxidants alone or placebo. Angiographically documented stenosis regressed in the S-N group but progressed in all other groups. To assess the mechanism(s) responsible for these observations, surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption and synthesis were measured in a subset of 123 HATS participants at 24 months (on treatment) and at 38 months (off treatment). Treatment with S-N reduced desmosterol and lathosterol levels (cholesterol synthesis indicators) 46% and 36% (P < 0.05), respectively, and elevated campesterol and beta-sitosterol levels (cholesterol absorption indicators) 70% and 59% (P < 0.05), respectively, relative to placebo and antioxidant but not S-N+A. Treatment with antioxidants alone had no significant effect. Combining S-N with antioxidants reduced desmosterol and lathosterol by 37% and 31%, and elevated campesterol and beta-sitosterol levels by 54% and 46%, but differences did not attain significance. Mean change in percent stenosis was positively associated with a percent change in lathosterol (r = 0.26, P < 0.005) and negatively associated with a percent change in beta-sitosterol (r = -0.21, P < 0.01). These data suggest that changes in stenosis were attributable, in part, to changes in cholesterol metabolism.
<scp>CD</scp>4<sup>+</sup> and <scp>CD</scp>8<sup>+</sup> T‐cell immunity to Dengue – lessons for the study of Zika virus (2016)

Dengue virus (DENV) and Zika virus (ZIKV) are rapidly emerging mosquito-borne flaviviruses that represent a public health concern. Understanding host protective immunity to these viruses is critical for the design of optimal vaccines. Over a decade of research has highlighted a significant contribution of the T-cell response to both protection and/or disease enhancement during DENV infection, the latter being mainly associated with sub-optimal cross-reactive T-cell responses during secondary infections. Phase IIb/III clinical trials of the first licensed tetravalent dengue vaccine highlight increased vaccine efficacy in dengue-immune as opposed to dengue-naive vaccinees, suggesting a possible immunoprotective role of pre-existing DENV-specific T cells that are boosted upon vaccination. No vaccine is available for ZIKV and little is known about the T-cell response to this virus. ZIKV and DENV are closely related viruses with a sequence identity ranging from 44% and 56% for the structural proteins capsid and envelope to 68% for the more conserved non-structural proteins NS3/NS5, which represent the main targets of the CD4<sup>+</sup> and CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell response to DENV, respectively. In this review we discuss our current knowledge of T-cell immunity to DENV and what it can teach us for the study of ZIKV. The extent of T-cell cross-reactivity towards ZIKV of pre-existing DENV-specific memory T cells and its potential impact on protective immunity and/or immunopathology will also be discussed.
Red quasars: the plot thickens. (1999)

It is now well established that many flat-radio-spectrum sources have extremely red colours (Webster et al. 1995, Nature 375, 469). When this result was first reported it ignited considerable controversy: was this a vast, hitherto undetected population of red quasars? Three theories emerged to explain these red objects: They are faint high-redshift radio galaxies, and not quasars at all, They are normal blue quasars partially obscured by dust. The redness is caused by some bizarre red synchrotron emission from jets in these quasars. After several years of observing, we can now confidently say that the red sources are a heterogeneous population: all three theories are correct for some of them. About 10% of the red sources are distant radio galaxies and not quasars at all (Masci et al. 1998, MNRAS 301, 975). Some of these flat-spectrum radio galaxies must lie at very high redshifts (z>3). Another 20% of the red sources appear to be normal blue quasars severely reddened by dust: these dusty quasars will have been missed by virtually all existing surveys. They show heavily reddened emission-line ratios and continuum spectra. The remainder seem to be reddened primarily by a red synchrotron emission component, plus small amounts of dust. This red synchrotron emission component is strongly polarised, but seems to cut off blue-ward of around 1 mu m wavelength, producing the red colours observed. This is theoretically hard to explain: why should this component turn-over always at this wavelength?
Biomimicry, vascular restenosis and coronary stents. (1999)

Biomimicry is in its earliest stages and is being considered in the realm of tissue engineering. If arterial implants are to limit neointimal thickening, purely passive structures cannot succeed. Bioactivity must be present, either by pharmacologic intervention or by fabricating a 'living stent' that contains active cellular material. As tissue engineering evolves, useful solutions will emerge from applying this knowledge directly to vascular biologic problems resulting from angioplasty, stenting, and vascular prosthesis research.