gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Malignant and benign tumors in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 in a defined Swedish population (1997)

Malignant tumors were reported to the Swedish Cancer Registry significantly more often in the NF1 patients than was expected in the general population matched for age, gender, and time of follow-up. The development of tumors is part of the NF1 disease process, and this deserves attention both in the clinical setting and in family counseling dealing with complications of NF1 in adulthood.
Performing fault simulation in large system design (2002)

This paper presents a methodology and supporting set of tools for performing fault simulation throughout the design process for large systems. Most of the previous work in fault simulation has sought efficient methods for simulating faults at a single level design abstraction. This paper has developed a methodology for performing fault simulation of design models at the architectural, algorithmic, functional-block, and gate levels of design abstraction. As a result, fault simulation is supported throughout the design process from system definition through hardware/software implementation. Furthermore, since the fault simulation utilities are provided in an advanced design environment prototype tool, an iterative design/evaluation process is available for system designers at each stage of design refinement. The two key contributions of this paper are: a fault simulation methodology and supporting tools for performing fault simulation throughout the design process of large systems; and a methodology for performing fault simulation concurrently in hardware and software component designs and a proof-of-concept implementation.
Improving drag-and-drop on wall-size displays (2005)

On wall-size displays with pen or touch input, users can have difficulties reaching display contents located too high, too low, or too far away. Drag-and-drop interactions can be further complicated by bezels separating individual display units. Researchers have proposed a variety of interaction techniques to address this issue, such as extending the user&apos;s reach (e.g., push-andthrow) and bringing potential targets to the user (drag- and-pop). In this paper, we introduce a new technique called push-and-pop that combines the strengths of push-and-throw and drag-and-pop. We present two user studies comparing six different techniques designed for extending drag-and-drop to wall-size displays. In both studies, participants were able to file icons on a wallsize display fastest when using the push-and-pop interface.
Cross talk in phase-coded holographic memories (1993)

The cross talk between holograms multiplexed with Walsh–Hadamard phase codes is analyzed. Each hologram is stored with a reference beam that consists of N phase-coded plane waves. The signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is calculated for a recording schedule for which the center of each stored image coincides with the nulls of the selectivity function for the adjacent plane-wave components of the reference beam. The SNR characteristics for phase coding with Walsh–Hadamard phase codes are then compared with the SNR for angle and wavelength multiplexing.
<title>Pulsed kilowatt Nd:YAG laser with fiber optic beam delivery</title> (1994)

An Nd:YAG laser with 1 kW average power, 180 J pulse energy, 60 kW pulse power and with 600 micrometers diameter fiber optic beam delivery has been developed. Applications include 4.8 mm deep seam welding at 50 mm/min and 5 mm thick metal cutting at 400 mm/min. Using pulse superposition of unequal and or delayed pulses provides a simple and effective way of shaping the time profile of the pulse, which can be of advantage for special welding applications. Energy is measured on line by means of a wedged beam sampler, an integrating sphere, an optical fiber and a photodiode. Regarding the beam delivery optics, special care must be taken to minimize reflection losses. Anti-reflection coating of fiber end faces was investigated. Though the peak power density 30 MW/cm<SUP>2</SUP> is lower than what has been reported as a routinely achievable damage threshold, the tremendous energy density 90 kJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> poses problems. In view of the relatively small area of the fiber, end face cleaning and surface adhesion are critical. Two high power processing head objectives were developed to image the fiber end face onto the work piece.
Identification and Characterization of Genes Required for Cell-to-Cell Fusion in Neurospora crassa (2011)

A screening procedure was used to identify cell fusion (hyphal anastomosis) mutants in the Neurospora crassa single gene deletion library. Mutants with alterations in 24 cell fusion genes required for cell fusion between conidial anastomosis tubes (CATs) were identified and characterized. The cell fusion genes identified included 14 genes that are likely to function in signal transduction pathways needed for cell fusion to occur (mik-1, mek-1, mak-1, nrc-1, mek-2, mak-2, rac-1, pp2A, so/ham-1, ham-2, ham-3, ham-5, ham-9, and mob3). The screening experiments also identified four transcription factors that are required for cell fusion (adv-1, ada-3, rco-1, and snf5). Three genes encoding proteins likely to be involved in the process of vesicular trafficking were also identified as needed for cell fusion during the screening (amph-1, ham-10, pkr1). Three of the genes identified by the screening procedure, ham-6, ham-7, and ham-8, encode proteins that might function in mediating the plasma membrane fusion event. Three of the putative signal transduction proteins, three of the transcription factors, the three putative vesicular trafficking proteins, and the three proteins that might function in mediating cell fusion had not been identified previously as required for cell fusion.
Glucose Transport in Isolated Brush Border Membrane from Rat Small Intestine (1973)

Abstract Uptake of labeled d- and l-glucose has been shown to occur with highly purified brush border membranes from the epithelial cells of rat small intestine using a Millipore filtration technique. An intact glucose carrier system in the isolated membranes was demonstrated as evidenced by the following. (a) d-Glucose was taken up and released faster than l-glucose. (b) Sodium ions increased initial rate and extent of d-glucose uptake 3- to 5-fold; no other cation showed this effect. (c) d-Glucose uptake and release was inhibited by phlorizin. (d) Countertransport of d-glucose was demonstrated. (e) d- and l-glucose reached the same level of uptake after prolonged incubation. (f) Uptake of labeled d-glucose was inhibited by higher concentrations of unlabeled d-galactose and vice versa. Glucose uptake by membrane vesicles represented entry into an intravesicular aqueous space rather than binding to the membrane. Exposure of the membrane to increasing cellobiose concentrations led to osmotic shrinkage of the intravesicular space and decreased glucose uptake. Infinite medium osmolarity and therefore zero intravesicular space resulted in no glucose uptake. Sodium in the medium (but not in the intravesicular spaces) stimulated d-glucose transport. It is concluded that isolated brush border membranes of intestinal epithelial cells retain the glucose carrier system. The reported findings are consistent with the concept that (a) glucose transport across the brush border membrane represents facilitated diffusion; (b) the glucose carrier is dependent on sodium ions; and (c) high extracellular, but not intracellular sodium concentrations lead to increased glucose transport.
Democratizing the cloud (2007)

Programming distributed data-intensive web and mobile applications is gratuitously hard. As the world is moving more and more toward the software as services model, we have to come up with practical solutions to build distributed systems that are approachable for normal programmers. Just like Visual Basic democratized programming Windows by removing much of the boilerplate, such as message pumps and window handles, that contributed more to the problem than to the solution, we propose a toolkit of language extensions, APIs, and tools that do the same for web programming. As a result, ordinary programmers can concentrate on the essential aspects of building distributed and mobile applications such as partitioning and flowing code and data across tiers, deployment, security, etc. without getting bogged down in low level details.
Hyperactivation of Signal Transduction Systems in Alzheimer's Diseasea (1993)

A compromise or deregulation in signal transduction cascades could adversely affect cellular functions and possibly contribute to cell death. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that pronounced activation of neuronal signal transduction systems is a characteristic of AD brain. There is evidence that signal transduction systems play a role in the formation or development of these pathological features of AD. Aberrant activity and localization of components of signaling mechanisms (growth factors, their receptors, protein kinases, phosphoprotein phosphatases, and phosphoproteins) are closely associated with the intracellular accumulation of PHF, the extracellular deposition of amyloid, and the formation of neuritic plaques in AD brain. In particular, immunohistochemical studies reveal increased levels of neuronal staining for APP, possibly an important growth factor in AD, both in frontal cortex and hippocampus. Anti-APP immunostaining is also associated with the neuritic component of plaques. Additionally, PKC(beta II) immunostaining is increased in the neuronal cell body and neuropil of AD samples, particularly in association with plaques, suggesting a postsynaptic involvement of this enzyme. On the other hand, PKC(beta I) immunostaining is associated with axonal staining particularly in the sprouting neurites of plaques. Sprouting neuritic components of plaques are immunopositive with other growth-associated proteins, such as GAP43, MARCKS, and spectrin. Immunoreactivity of other members of signal transduction systems such as Fos and stathmin are all increased in AD hippocampal neurons. On the other hand, several protein kinases and phosphoproteins were immunolocalized to tangles. Thus, the hyperactivation and dysfunction of signal transduction systems could be involved in the pathogenesis of AD.
Silicon Carbide Coating by Reactive Pack Cementation—Part I: Silicon Carbide/Silica Interaction (2000)

Thermogravimetric analyses (TGAs) of SiC–SiO2 powder mixtures have been carried out at temperatures ranging from 1400 to 1700 °C under an atmospheric pressure of Ar (104 kPa). Correlation with thermodynamic calculations allows us to suggest a reaction path leading to the generation of gaseous silicon oxide [SiO(g)]. This overall reaction is described as a two-step mechanism in which O plays an important role. A thorough analysis of the TGA mass-loss profiles indicates a non-constant rate for the SiO(g) synthesis. This behavior is attributed to an increasing diffusion-limited phenomenon as the reaction duration increases. The maximum reaction rate calculated for a short duration allows us to evaluate an apparent activation energy (Ea) whose value reveals the chemical kinetics limit of the overall reaction.
Coordination Chemistry of the Solvated Ag<sup>I</sup> and Au<sup>I</sup> Ions in Liquid and Aqueous Ammonia, Trialkyl and Triphenyl Phosphite, and Tri-<i>n</i>-butylphosphine Solutions (2006)

The coordination chemistry of solvated Ag(I) and Au(I) ions has been studied in some of the most strong electron-pair donor solvents, liquid and aqueous ammonia, and the P donor solvents triethyl, tri-n-butyl, and triphenyl phosphite and tri-n-butylphosphine. The solvated Ag(I) ions have been characterized in solution by means of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), Raman, and (107)Ag NMR spectroscopy and the solid solvates by means of thermogravimetry and EXAFS and Raman spectroscopy. The Ag(I) ion is two- and three-coordinated in aqueous and liquid ammonia solutions with mean Ag-N bond distances of 2.15(1) and 2.26(1) A, respectively. The crystal structure of [Ag(NH3)3]ClO4.0.47 NH3 (1) reveals a regular trigonal-coplanar coordination around the Ag(I) ion with Ag-N bond distances of 2.263(6) A and a Ag...Ag distance of 3.278(2) A separating the complexes. The decomposition products of 1 have been analyzed, and one of them, [Ag(NH3)2]ClO4, has been structurally characterized by means of EXAFS, showing [Ag(NH3)2] units connected into chains by double O bridges from perchlorate ions; the Ag...Ag distance is 3.01(1) A. The linear bisamminegold(I) complex, [Au(NH3)2]+, is predominant in both liquid and aqueous ammonia solutions, as well as in solid [Au(NH3)2]BF4, with Au-N bond distances of 2.022(5), 2.025(5), and 2.026(7) A, respectively. The solvated Ag(I) ions are three-coordinated, most probably in triangular fashion, in the P donor solvents with mean Ag-P bond distances of 2.48-2.53 A. The Au(I) ions are three-coordinated in triethyl phosphite and tri-n-butylphosphine solutions with mean Au-P bond distances of 2.37(1) and 2.40(1) A, respectively.
Tube-CNN: Modeling temporal evolution of appearance for object detection in video (2018)

Object detection in video is crucial for many applications. Compared to images, video provides additional cues which can help to disambiguate the detection problem. Our goal in this paper is to learn discriminative models for the temporal evolution of object appearance and to use such models for object detection. To model temporal evolution, we introduce space-time tubes corresponding to temporal sequences of bounding boxes. We propose two CNN architectures for generating and classifying tubes, respectively. Our tube proposal network (TPN) first generates a large number of spatio-temporal tube proposals maximizing object recall. The Tube-CNN then implements a tube-level object detector in the video. Our method improves state of the art on two large-scale datasets for object detection in video: HollywoodHeads and ImageNet VID. Tube models show particular advantages in difficult dynamic scenes.
New heuristic and metaheuristic approaches applied to the multiple -choice multidimensional knapsack problem (2008)

The knapsack problem has been used to model various decision making processes. Industrial applications find the need for satisfying additional constraints and these necessities lead to the variants and extensions of knapsack problems which are complex to solve. Heuristic algorithms have been developed by many researchers to solve the variants of knapsack problems. Empirical analysis has been done to compare the performance of these heuristics. Little research has been done to find out why certain algorithms perform well on certain test problems while not so well on other test problems. There has been little work done to gain knowledge of the test problem characteristics and their effects on algorithm performance. The research focuses on the Multiple-choice Multidimensional Knapsack Problem (MMKP), a complex variant of the knapsack problem. The objectives of the research are fourfold. The first objective is to show how empirical science can lead to theory. The research involves the empirical analysis of current heuristics with respect to problem structure especially constraint correlation and constraint slackness settings. The second objective is to consider the performance traits of heuristic procedures and develop a more diverse set of MMKP test problems considering problem characteristics like the number of variables, number of constraints, constraint correlation, and constraint right-hand side capacities. The third objective is the development of new heuristic approaches for solving the MMKP. This involves examining the existing heuristics against our new test set and using the analysis of the results to help in the development of new heuristic approaches. The fourth objective is to develop improved metaheuristic procedures for the MMKP using the improved heuristic approaches to initialize searches or to improve local search neighborhoods.
Green web services: improving energy efficiency in data centers via workload predictions (2013)

Improving energy efficiency of data centers is an important research challenge. Web services are an important part of data centers' workload, and a large contributor to their energy footprint. This paper contributes an approach that, leveraging statistical data over web services usage patterns, dynamically predicts the resources required by the web service application. Our framework, SOPRA, uses these predictions to constantly adapt the allocation of resources to minimize the energy utilization of the data center. We demonstrate the viability of our approach by executing SOPRA over a synthetic workload. We compare the energy savings achieved by SOPRA with the traditional over allocation strategy and with the saving achievable by using a static predictor. Furthermore, we show how different service level agreements (SLA) influence the ability to save energy. The results of our experiments show that, with our workload, we can save up to 52.49% of energy over the over-allocation approach while a static prediction can only achieve a 44.78% saving. Moreover, our results show that the SLA has a high impact on energy savings. Using a more demanding SLA, the energy saving SOPRA was able to achieve was only 28.29%.
An Uncemented Total Hip Replacement (1979)

Mafreporique arthroplasty is not intended as a bustitute for acrylic cement stabilized arthroplasty but is available as an effective alternative. An experimental and clinical investigation including radiological analysis of 300 madreporique arthroplasties has convinced us of the reality and reliability of biological anchoring by endosteal osteogenesis. The madreporique method does not result in any local or general complications usually associated with the cement technique. Full weight-bearing is permitted at the same postoperative time as the cemented prosthesis. The results at early and interim follow-up periods compare favorably with cemented hip arthroplasties. Living bone that undergoes remodelling provides for long-term anchor of the prosthesis and eliminates the chemical intermediary which leads, more or less, with time to loosening of the implant in a significant number of cases.
Developmental appearance and distribution of bone sialoprotein and osteopontin in human and rat cementum (1998)

The temporo-spatial differences in the appearance of BSP and OPN relative to cementum collagen correlate well with known differences in the speed of root elongation and explain the variable appearance of the dentino-cemental junction. The data reveal no causal relationship between BSP and OPN and the differentiation of cementoprogenitor cells and indicate that the distribution of collagen fibrils ultimately determines the amount and pattern of accumulation of these NCPs. There also is no consistent planar accumulation of BSP and OPN between dentin and cementum such as the cement lines found between "old" and "new" bone. It is concluded that the interlacement of collagen fibrils at the dentino-cemental junction, across which mineralization spreads, represents the primary attachment mechanism between cementum and dentin.
<title>New PTB beamlines for high-accuracy EUV reflectometry at BESSY II</title> (2000)

High-accuracy characterization of optical components has been one of the main services of the PTB radiometry laboratory at BESSY I. Now, after the shut down of BESSY I with the end of 1999, PTB is operating two new beamlines suitable for EUV reflectometry at their new laboratory at BESSY II. As at BESSY I, synchrotron radiation from a bending magnet is used for reflectometry but additionally a beamline at an undulator covering the same spectral range from 50 eV to 1800 eV can be used for special applications where, e.g., high radiant power or very high spectral purity is needed. In this paper, the characteristics of the beamlines are presented. We present the results of the beamline characterization on photon flux, spectral resolution, spectral purity and beam stability with special respect to the EUV photon energy range. During the phase of simultaneous operation of BESSY I and II in 1999, a direct comparison was done for reflectance measurements at high equality Mo/Si EUV mirrors. The results showed perfect agreement: (68.98 +/- 0.17)% at BESSY I and (69.10 +/- 0.24)% at BESSY II. The wavelength scale was calibrated using the absorption resonances of Ar, Kr, and Xe whose energies are known with a relative uncertainty of about 10<SUP>-4</SUP>. The measured peak positions agreed within this uncertainty.
All Round Blind Spot Detection by Lens Condition Adaptation based on Rearview Camera Images (2013)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper deals with a vehicle detection method for realizing a blind spot warning function, under various environmental conditions. We introduced a method that is capable of discriminating the target object vehicles, under poor lighting conditions and in cases where the lens may be exposed to splashes in wet, snow and dirt roads. The image sensing of the vehicle detection consists of four functional components: obstacle detection, velocity estimation, vertical edge detection, and final classification. Such componets allow robust performances resembling geometry based approaches, with low calculation power as an apperance based approach. This paper describes the functional components, and furthermore methods to enhance the performances under low contrast conditions and also suppress false detections caused by residue on the lens, which becomes essential for installation on vehicles driven in actual road conditions.</div></div>
Electrocatalytic CO <sub>2</sub> Conversion to Oxalate by a Copper Complex (2010)

Global warming concern has dramatically increased interest in using CO2 as a feedstock for preparation of value-added compounds, thereby helping to reduce its atmospheric concentration. Here, we describe a dinuclear copper(I) complex that is oxidized in air by CO2 rather than O2; the product is a tetranuclear copper(II) complex containing two bridging CO2-derived oxalate groups. Treatment of the copper(II) oxalate complex in acetonitrile with a soluble lithium salt results in quantitative precipitation of lithium oxalate. The copper(II) complex can then be nearly quantitatively electrochemically reduced at a relatively accessible potential, regenerating the initial dinuclear copper(I) compound. Preliminary results demonstrate six turnovers (producing 12 equivalents of oxalate) during 7 hours of catalysis at an applied potential of -0.03 volts versus the normal hydrogen electrode.
Measurement of the clamping force applied by load-bearing bolts using a combination of compression and shear ultrasonic waves (2015)

Quantitative measurement of the clamping or tightening force of rods and bolts is important when assessing the structural integrity of various constructions. This paper shows that by using a bi-wave ultrasonic pulse-echo technique, it is possible to determine this tightening force without the need of extensive calibration prior to installing the bolts. We show that the ratio of the time-of-flight (TOF) between the transversal and the longitudinal waves changes linearly with the clamping force and that we only need to know the TOF of the unstrained bolt prior to installment. This is then demonstrated experimentally on a 1.1 m rock bolt, using pulses that propagated 6.6 m. Two different methods for estimation of the TOF ratio are evaluated.
CNN-based algorithm for drusen identification (2006)

Drusen characterize the age-related macular degeneration. Automatic procedures for their identification have been recently developed. In this paper a cellular neural network based algorithm for drusen identification in fundus photograph is proposed. The algorithm is composed by different image processing steps: noise reduction, histogram normalization and a novel procedure of adaptive segmentation. The algorithm has been validated by using images provided from an ophthalmic medical center