gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Affinity Blockade of Neuronal N-Type Ca Channels by the Spider Toxin ω-Agatoxin-IVA (2000)

The recognition of neuronal Ca channel diversity has led to considerable efforts to identify useful classification criteria. Here, we revisit the pharmacological definition of P- and Q-type Ca channels, which is based on their respective high and low sensitivity to the spider omega-agatoxin-IVA (omega-Aga-IVA), using whole-cell recordings of the Ca channel currents carried by 5 mM Ba(2+) in isolated rat subthalamic and sympathetic neurons. In subthalamic neurons, omega-Aga-IVA (1 microM) targeted multiple Ca channels. One population was blocked with high potency. These channels carried 50.4 +/- 3.4% (n = 5) of the control current and showed the same inactivation kinetics and voltage-dependent high affinity for omega-Aga-IVA as do prototypic P-type Ca channels. Other Ca channels were targeted with weaker potency. This heterogeneous population contributed to 14.0 +/- 1.7% (n = 5) of the control current. It included N-type Ca channels as well as high-threshold Ca channels that displayed the pharmacological signature of Q-type Ca channels but resembled P-type Ca channels in their gating properties. N-type Ca current block by omega-Aga-IVA (1 microM) was further investigated in sympathetic neurons, which mainly express this Ca channel type. Block was incomplete ( approximately 30% of the control current). Its relief at positive potentials was consistent with omega-Aga-IVA acting as a channel-gating modifier. These effects did not reflect a complete loss of selectivity, because omega-Aga-IVA (1 microM) had no effect on subthalamic Na and K currents or their T- and L-type Ca currents. Our data confirm that omega-Aga-IVA is a selective P-type Ca channel blocker. However, its diminished selectivity in the micromolar range limits its usefulness for functional studies of Q-type Ca channels.
A Hybrid Path Planning Method in Unmanned Air/Ground Vehicle (UAV/UGV) Cooperative Systems (2016)

In this paper, we study the automatic ground map building and efficient path planning in unmanned aerial/ground vehicle (UAV/UGV) cooperative systems. Using the UAV, a ground image can be obtained from the aerial vision, which is then processed with image denoising, image correction, and obstacle recognition to construct the ground map automatically. Image correction is used to help the UGV improve the recognition accuracy of obstacles. Based on the constructed ground map, a hybrid path planning algorithm is proposed to optimize the planned path. A genetic algorithm is used for global path planning, and a local rolling optimization is used to constantly optimize the results of the genetic algorithm. Experiments are performed to evaluate the performance of the proposed schemes. The evaluation results show that our proposed approach can obtain a much less costly path compared to the traditional path planning algorithms such as the genetic algorithm and the A-star algorithm and can run in real-time to support the UAV/UGV systems.
Metastatic breast cancer to the rectum (2017)

Lobular breast cancer which metastasizes to the rectum can mimic primary rectal cancer clinically. The unique MRI features described in our case when present with a concordant history of lobular breast carcinoma should alert the radiologist to the possibility of this diagnosis which has important treatment implications.
Internet traffic classification based on flows' statistical properties with machine learning (2016)

Summary Machine learning has recently entered the area of network traffic classification as an alternative to the deep packet inspection technique. It provides both unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms that are capable to put aside similar types of traffic or recognize Internet protocols based on some training, pre‐labeled samples. The current work proposes a new approach in the area of network traffic classification using machine learning. First, we extract the unidirectional and bidirectional flows from a traffic capture. A flow is a collection of packets that share sender and receiver IP address and port. Second, we select relevant statistical properties of these flows and use an unsupervised learning mechanism to group flows into clusters based on the similarities. Eventually, we use this classification as training input for a supervised learning engine that will have to properly determine the class of new, unseen traffic flows. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Read Static Noise Margin Decrease of 65-nm 6-T SRAM Cell Induced by Total Ionizing Dose (2017)

Read static noise margin (SNM) decrease of 65-nm 6-T cell induced by total ionizing dose (TID) was observed in this paper. The static random access memory (SRAM) cell test structure allowing precise measurement of read SNM was specifically designed and irradiated by gamma ray. Experimental results show that read SNM of 65-nm 6-T cell is sensitive to TID irradiation. The largest decrease of read SNM is 48 mV after 1000 krad(Si) irradiation, which is 36% of the value before TID irradiation. Being dependent on the measurement of radiation responses of cell transistors and simulation results, we conclude that the read SNM decrease is due to a threshold voltage shift induced by TID. Because narrow width transistors are employed in SRAM cells, threshold voltage of cell transistors will be shifted by charges trapped in shallow trench isolation, known as “Radiation-Induced Narrow Channel Effect.”
Involving Staff in the Process of Continuous Improvement (1994)

Explores the relationship between staff, empowerment, organizational culture and the process of continuous improvement. Emphasizes the need for active involvement of all staff, management commitment and a management style which embraces the empowerment of staff. Suggests that the use of a staff suggestion scheme can become a useful and dynamic part of the journey to TQM and improving the quality of working life.
Amidines and guanidines related to congocidin. Part IV. Thiophen, pyridine, and benzene analogues (1968)

Four analogues (Ib)–(Ie) of congocidin (Ia) have been prepared in which the N-methylpyrrole ring has been replaced by other aromatic rings. These compounds, and some related mono- and di-amidines, showed no useful biological activity.
A Mitochondrial Protease with Two Catalytic Subunits of Nonoverlapping Specificities (1993)

The mitochondrial inner membrane protease is required for the maturation of mitochondrial proteins that are delivered to the intermembrane space. In the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, this protease is now shown to be a complex that contains two catalytic subunits, Imp2p and the previously identified Imp1p. Primary structure similarity indicates that Imp1p and Imp2p are related to each other and to the family of eubacterial and eukaryotic signal peptidases. Imp1p and Imp2p have separate, nonoverlapping substrate specificities. In addition to its catalyzing the cleavage of intermembrane space sorting signals, Imp2p is required for the stable and functional expression of Imp1p. Thus, inner membrane protease, and by analogy eukaryotic multisubunit signal peptidases, may have acquired multiple catalytic subunits by gene duplication to broaden their range of substrate specificity.
Aeroponic and Hydroponic Systems for Medicinal Herb, Rhizome, and Root Crops (2006)

Hydroponic and aeroponic production of medicinal crops in controlled environments provides opportunities for improving quality, purity, consistency, bioactivity, and biomass production on a commercial scale. Ideally, the goal is to optimize the environment and systems to maximize all five characteristics. Examples of crop production systems using perlite hydroponics, nutrient film technique (NFT), ebb and flow, and aeroponics were studied for various root, rhizome, and herb leaf crops. Biomass data comparing aeroponic vs. soilless culture or field grown production of burdock root ( Arctium lappa ), stinging nettles herb and rhizome ( Urtica dioica ), and yerba mansa root and rhizome ( Anemopsis californica ) are presented, as well as smaller scale projects observing ginger rhizome ( Zingiber officinale ) and skullcap herb ( Scutellaria lateriflora ). Phytochemical concentration of marker compounds for burdock and yerba mansa in different growing systems are presented.
Breast cancer: PET imaging of estrogen receptors. (1988)

Thirteen patients with primary breast masses were studied with positron emission tomography (PET) and 16 alpha-[fluorine-18]-fluoroestradiol-17 beta. PET images demonstrated uptake of the labeled estrogen analog at sites of primary carcinomas and in several foci of axillary lymph node metastases, as well as in one distant metastatic site. There was excellent correlation between uptake within the primary tumor measured on the PET images and the tumor estrogen-receptor concentration measured in vitro after excision (r = .96). This technique may provide an in vivo method of assessing estrogen receptors in primary and metastatic breast cancers and thus guide management of this disease with antiestrogen chemotherapy.
Mucolipin 1 channel activity is regulated by protein kinase A-mediated phosphorylation (2008)

Mucolipins constitute a family of cation channels with homology with the transient receptor potential family. Mutations in MCOLN1 (mucolipin 1) have been linked to mucolipidosis type IV, a recessive lysosomal storage disease characterized by severe neurological and ophthalmologic abnormalities. At present, little is known about the mechanisms that regulate MCOLN1 activity. In the present paper, we addressed whether MCOLN1 activity is regulated by phosphorylation. We identified two PKA (protein kinase A) consensus motifs in the C-terminal tail of MCOLN1, containing Ser(557) and Ser(559). Ser(557) was the principal phosphorylation site, as mutation of this residue to alanine caused a greater than 75% reduction in the total levels of phosphorylated MCOLN1 C-terminal tail. Activation of PKA with forskolin promoted MCOLN1 phosphorylation, both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, addition of the PKA inhibitor H89 abolished MCOLN1 phosphorylation. We also found that PKA-mediated phosphorylation regulates MCOLN1 channel activity. Forskolin treatment decreased MCOLN1 channel activity, whereas treatment with H89 increased MCOLN1 channel activity. The stimulatory effect of H89 on MCOLN1 function was not observed when Ser(557) and Ser(559) were mutated to alanine residues, indicating that these two residues are essential for PKA-mediated negative regulation of MCOLN1. This paper presents the first example of regulation of a member of the mucolipin family by phosphorylation.
Design and fabrication of an integrated holographic laser-Doppler optics (2003)

The authors present two types of miniaturized laser Doppler optics composed of holographic optical elements. The first type consists of a holographic beamsplitter, two holographic lenses, which focus the laser light to the detection volume, and a holographic lens, which collects the scattered light. These components are integrated into a compact optical system. The operation wavelength is 514 nm. The laser light is guided from the laser source to the laser Doppler velocimeter (LDV) optics with the help of a polarization-preserving monomode fiber. The collecting lens focuses the signal scattered by the particles onto the face of a light cable, which transports the signal to the electronics. The second type is a miniaturized holographic laser Doppler optics which produces two detection volumes close to each other. The distance between these volumes is of variable length. With this optics, the gradients of the velocity field in a swirling flow were measured. Of particular interest are the small size and weight of the holographic devices compared to the weight and size of the bulky glass components usually utilized in the fabrication of LDV optics. Hence, the holographic optics can be positioned at a strategic location in the simulation facility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Total power optimization combining placement, sizing and multi-Vt through slack distribution management (2008)

Power dissipation is quickly becoming one of the most important limiters in nanometer IC design for leakage increases exponentially as the technology scaling down. However, power and timing are often conflicting objectives during optimization. In this paper, we propose a novel total power optimization flow under performance constraint. Instead of using placement, gate sizing, and multiple-Vt assignment techniques independently, we combine them together through the concept of slack distribution management to maximize the potential for power reduction. We propose to use the linear programming (LP) based placement and the geometric programming (GP) based gate sizing formulations to improve the slack distribution, which helps to maximize the total power reduction during the Vt-assignment stage. Our formulations include important practical design constraints, such as slew, noise and short circuit power, which were often ignored previously. We tested our algorithm on a set of industrial-strength manually optimized circuits from a multi-GHz 65 nm microprocessor, and obtained very promising results. To our best knowledge, this is the first work that combines placement, gate sizing and Vt swapping systematically for total power (and in particular leakage) management.
Quantitation of cerebral blood volume in human infants by near-infrared spectroscopy (1990)

Current methods for measuring cerebral blood volume (CBV) in newborn infants are unsatisfactory. A new method is described in which the effect of a small change (5-10%) in arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) on cerebral oxyhemoglobin [HbO2] and deoxyhemoglobin [Hb] concentration is observed by near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Previous experiments in which the NIR absorption characteristics of HbO2 and Hb and the pathlength of NIR light through the brain were defined allowed changes in [HbO2] and [Hb] to be quantified from the Beer-Lambert law. It is shown here that CBV can then be derived from the expression CBV = (delta[HbO2] - delta[Hb])/(2. delta SaO2.H.R.), where H is the large vessel total hemoglobin concentration and R to the cerebral-to-large vessel hematocrit ratio. Observations on 12 newborn infants with normal brains, born at 25-40 wk of gestation and aged 10-240 h, gave a mean value for CBV of 2.22 +/- 0.40 (SD) ml/100 g, whereas mean CBV was significantly higher 3.00 +/- 1.04 ml/100 g in 10 infants with brain injury born at 24 to 42 wk of gestation and aged 4-168 h (P less than 0.05).
Investigation of Lithium Plating-Stripping Process in Li-Ion Batteries at Low Temperature Using an Electrochemical Model (2018)

Lithium plating leads to severe capacity fading and possible safety problems in lithium-ion batteries. Thus, non-destructive detection methods for lithium plating are critical for safe and reliable operation of lithium-ion batteries. In this paper, an electrochemical model incorporated with lithium plating and stripping reactions is established to investigate the lithium plating-stripping process at low temperature. The model is validated at different current rates and temperatures and can successfully predict the characteristic voltage plateau during the rest period after low temperature charging. Modeling analysis helps to develop detection method for lithium plating via differential analysis on the voltage plateau. Distinct local minima can be found in the differential voltage curves of the batteries with plated lithium. The time when the local minima occurs in the differential voltage curves exhibits a linear relationship with the amount of reversible lithium, and thus can be applied as a quantitative indicator for detection of lithium plating. The detection of lithium plating based on differential voltage analysis is further extended to the discharge voltage profiles of the batteries after low temperature charging, considering the effects of rest time.
THE ACTIVITY OF SODIUM CROMOGLYCATE ANALOGUES IN HUMAN LUNG <i>in vitro</i>: A COMPARISON WITH RAT PASSIVE CUTANEOUS ANAPHYLAXIS AND CLINICAL EFFICACY (1980)

1 Eleven analogues of sodium cromoglycate have been tested for their ability to suppress histamine release induced by anti-IgE from passively sensitized human lung fragments in vitro. 2 With the exception of WY 16922, which released histamine at high concentrations, all inhibited histamine release in a linear dose-related manner. 3 The analogues were 30 to 1500 times more potent than sodium cromoglycate. However, their regression slopes of activity upon log-concentration were only one-third as steep as that for sodium cromoglycate, indicating a possible difference in their mechanism of action. 4 In comparison with sodium cromoglycate, the analogues were more potent in human lung than in rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA); there was no quantitative correlation between potencies in the two tests. 5 The human lung model is not predictive of anti-asthmatic activity in man as the six analogues tested clinically are less effective than sodium cromoglycate. 6 These results throw doubt on the use of models of mast cell degranulation in the search for anti-allergic drugs and, possibly, on the relative importance of mast cell degranulation in the pathogenesis of asthma.
A sound-speed sensor for the measurement of total protein concentration in disposable, blood-perfused tubes (1989)

The aim of this investigation was to develop a sensor containing a disposable measuring cell capable of measuring fluid shifts in blood-perfused circulation systems. Usually, the determination of fluid shifts in such systems is achieved by tracking the concentration of particles or solutes in the perfusate. Since acoustic properties of blood are closely related to the total protein concentration (TPC) of the sample, a new approach for the calculation of fluid shifts is made by the continuous measurement of sound speed. The measuring principle is based upon the evaluation of the propagation time of short acoustic pulses that are repeatedly transduced to the sample. The retransmission is triggered by means of a new type of delay line. The method stands out for its accuracy (better than 0.1 m/s) and for the short acoustic propagation path (5–10 mm). In order to develop the disposable measuring cell, the acoustic properties of porcine blood were determined at different hematocrits and TPC at temperatures ranging from 20–40 °C. The dependence of sound speed on temperature and on TPC is described by a polynomial. The new sensor was tested in vitro simulating mass shifts by adding a mass (Msaline) of isotonic saline solution to the circulating blood mass (M). The acoustic device containing the disposable cell proved capable of sensing mass fractions [Msaline/(M+Msaline)] in the order of 0.5 g/100 g.
Defending against Poisoning Attacks in Online Learning Settings (2019)

Machine learning systems are vulnerable to data poisoning, a coordinated attack where a fraction of the training dataset is manipulated by an attacker to subvert learning. In this paper we first formulate an optimal attack strategy against online learning classifiers to assess worst-case scenarios. We also propose two defence mechanisms to mitigate the effect of online poisoning attacks by analysing the impact of the data points in the classifier and by means of an adaptive combination of machine learning classifiers with different learning rates. Our experimental evaluation supports the usefulness of our proposed defences to mitigate the effect of poisoning attacks in online learning settings.
Ripening‐related changes in the cell walls of olive (<i>Olea europaea</i> L.) pulp of two consecutive harvests (2006)

Abstract Olive fruits, harvested in two consecutive seasons at green, cherry and black stages, were used to study compositional changes in the cell walls during ripening. Ripening‐related changes in both harvests were characterised mainly by an increase in the solubilisation of pectic and hemicellulosic polysaccharides, an increase in the relative amount of arabinose in pectic polysaccharides and a decrease in the degree of methylesterification of pectic polysaccharides. Further to degrading processes, the data obtained suggest the synthesis of new polysaccharides. The analysis of olive cell wall phenolics showed mainly the presence of p ‐coumaric acid, which increased in one harvest, whereas in the other the values did not differ. The samples of the second harvest, although presenting green, cherry and black colours, had less distinct ripening characteristics than those of the previous harvest. Different activity levels of polyphenol oxidase, polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase might have contributed to the differences observed between the two harvests. The results showed the distinct extension of ripening‐related changes in the cell walls of the two harvests, indicating that the olive colour, although characteristic of the stage of ripening, cannot be strictly used for its evaluation and definition. Copyright © 2006 Society of Chemical Industry
Planar varistor mode Schottky diode frequency tripler covering 60 GHz to 110 GHz (2013)

Frequency extender modules of vector network analyzers (VNA) and signal generators, as well as front end modules of semiconductor automatic testsystems (ATS) make use of broadband resistive diode frequency multipliers. We present the design and construction of a planar varistor tripler utilizing commercial gallium arsenide (GaAs) Schottky diodes on thin-film processed alumina (Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ) substrate. Synthesis is based on a co-simulation procedure between 3D electromagnetic field (EM) and nonlinear circuit simulations. Measurement data over the focused output frequency range from 60 GHz to 110 GHz is presented.
Membrane Interactions of Novicidin, a Novel Antimicrobial Peptide: Phosphatidylglycerol Promotes Bilayer Insertion (2010)

Novicidin is an antimicrobial peptide derived from ovispirin, a cationic peptide which originated from the ovine cathelicidin SMAP-29. Novicidin, however, has been designed to minimize the cytotoxic properties of SMAP-29 and ovisipirin toward achieving potential therapeutic applications. We present an analysis of membrane interactions and lipid bilayer penetration of novicidin, using an array of biophysical techniques and biomimetic membrane assemblies, complemented by Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. The data indicate that novicidin interacts minimally with zwitterionic bilayers, accounting for its low hemolytic activity. Negatively charged phosphatidylglycerol, on the other hand, plays a significant role in initiating membrane binding of novicidin, and promotes peptide insertion into the interface between the lipid headgroups and the acyl chains. The significant insertion into bilayers containing negative phospholipids might explain the enhanced antibacterial properties of novicidin. Overall, this study highlights two distinct outcomes for membrane interactions of novicidin, and points to a combination between electrostatic attraction to the lipid/water interface and penetration into the subsurface lipid headgroups region as important determinants for the biological activity of novicidin.