gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Learning on an analog VLSI neural network chip (2002)

The issues associated with implementing the error backpropagation algorithm on a 64-neuron nonvolatile analog VLSI neural network chip (ETANN) are described. Imperfections in the analog ETANN chip were identified and found to impose constraints on the learning process. A chip-in-the-loop learning technique and an adaptive, reinforced, bake-train-bake scheme are reported. These techniques have shown potential in surmounting the difficulties connected with learning on an analog neural network chip. Experimental results are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Carboxylic Elastomers (1957)

Abstract The degree to which a polymer is rubbery is influenced by the detailed shape and chemical composition of the macromolecules. Polymers which are rubbery possess relatively weak interchain forces and may lack linear symmetry and orderly arrangement of the molecule. As stronger interchain forces are added and symmetry and regularity are increased, the rubbery characteristics are gradually supplanted by those of fiber forming materials. Copolymerization with hydrocarbon chains may be used to reduce polymer to polymer interaction, destroy regularity and symmetry and favor rubbery characteristics. On the other hand it may be employed to introduce polar groups into hydrocarbon polymers and thereby increase interchain and intrachain forces. With increasing amounts of these polar groups polymer strength increases at the expense of elasticity with respect to both speed and range of extension and recovery. The polar groups also alter the solvent resistance of the polymer. In copolymerizations, carboxylic monomers tend to destroy regularity and symmetry thereby favoring rubbery properties over crystallinity. The strong polar nature of the carboxyl groups however increases interchain and intrachain forces imparting increased strength to the polymer at the expense of elasticity. Carboxyl groups were first introduced into rubbers for the purpose of altering polymer properties. When carboxyl groups are so employed, the resultant carboxylic rubbers are best regarded as polar elastomers. Carboxyl groups have also been introduced into rubbers in order that reactions characteristic of the carboxylic functional group might be employed to crosslink the polymer chains or attach them to other molecules or surfaces. When the carboxyl group is present in order that its functional reactivities may be employed, the carboxylic rubbers are best regarded as functional elastomers. This review is concerned with the preparation, properties and evaluation of carboxylic rubbers both as polar and as functional elastomers.
Expanding Horizons (1995)

Case management has become a popular method of service delivery in many human service fields, including mental health and alcohol and drug treatment. By focusing on the problems in living faced by clients. his style of helping has direct relevance for those who seek employee assistance services and those that sponsor them. Additionally, by embodying a generalist perspective, case managers are also adroit at assessing problems that emanate from organizational structure and culture. This paper explicates the philosophy of strengths-based case management services and offers practical examples of the case management process.
Identification of xanthurenic acid 8- <i>O</i> -β- <scp>d</scp> -glucoside and xanthurenic acid 8- <i>O</i> -sulfate as human natriuretic hormones (2007)

Hormonal regulation of salt excretion and water balance by the kidneys is well documented. Before 1961, it was widely believed that the glomerular filtration rate and the steroid hormone aldosterone controlled sodium balance in the body. In 1961, deWardener et al. [de Wardener HE, Mills IH, Clapham WF, Hayter CJ (1961) Clin Sci 21:249-258] showed that when these two variables were controlled, the kidney was still able to increase sodium excretion in response to a salt load. Several lines of evidence argued for a small-molecule signal as a definitive modulator of sodium excretion by the kidney. However, the chemical nature of the suspected natriuretic agent remained unknown. Here we report the identification and natriuretic activity of two closely related small molecules isolated from human urine, xanthurenic acid 8-O-beta-d-glucoside and xanthurenic acid 8-O-sulfate. The two compounds were partially purified by activity-guided fractionation and subsequently identified by using NMR spectroscopic analyses of enriched active fractions. Both compounds caused substantial and sustained (1- to 2-h) natriuresis in rats and no or minimal concomitant potassium excretion. We believe these compounds constitute a class of kidney hormones that also could influence sodium transport in nonkidney tissues given that these tryptophan metabolites presumably represent evolutionarily old structures.
Male Sexual Dysfunction in Mice Bearing Targeted Mutant Alleles of the<i>PEA3 ets</i>Gene (2000)

PEA3, a member of the Ets family of transcriptional regulatory proteins, is expressed in a unique spatial and temporal pattern during mouse embryogenesis; its overexpression is positively correlated with HER2-mediated breast tumorigenesis in both humans and mice. To determine whether PEA3 plays a part in development and oncogenesis and to uncover its normal physiological role, we generated mice lacking functional PEA3 by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. PEA3(-/-) mice arose from heterozygous crosses with the expected Mendelian frequency, revealing that PEA3 is dispensable for embryogenesis. PEA3 mutant mice displayed no overt phenotype and lived a normal life span. However, PEA3-deficient males failed to reproduce. PEA3 is expressed in several male sexual organs, but gross and histological analyses of the organs from PEA3(-/-) mice revealed no abnormalities. Spermatogenesis and spermiogenesis also appeared normal in mice homozygous for the PEA3 mutation, and their sperm were capable of fertilizing eggs in vitro. PEA3(-/-) males engaged in normal mating behavior, but they did not set copulatory plugs and sperm could not be detected in the uteri of females that had mated with PEA3(-/-) males. Erections could be evoked by abdominal pressure in PEA3-deficient male mice, and the results of in vitro experiments revealed that the corpus cavernosum isolated from PEA3 mutant males relaxed in response to acetylcholine. Therefore, the infertility of PEA3 mutant males involves either mechanisms proximal to the cavernosal smooth muscle or an ejaculatory dysfunction. However, PEA3 mutant mice are phenotypically distinguishable from other knockout mice with such deficits and thus provide a unique model for further investigation of male sexual dysfunction.
Radiosynthesis of Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA), a structural analog of 99mTc(CO)3(FEDA) and new PET tracer for renal imaging and renal function assessment (2016)

1066 Objectives [99mTc]Technetium-tricarbonyl-N-fluoroethyl-iminodiacetic acid, 99mTc(CO)3(FEDA), is a promising renal tracer with a rapid clearance comparable to that of 131I-OIH, the radioactive gold standard for the measurement of effective renal plasma flow (JNM 2015, 56, (Suppl. 3):654). The uncharged fluoroethyl pendant group of 99mTc(CO)3(FEDA) provides a route to the synthesis of a structurally analogous rhenium-tricarbonyl 18F renal imaging agent. Successful synthesis would allow the development of 18F/99mTc renal imaging agents that have almost identical structures and are quite likely to have identical pharmacokinetic properties. The goal of this study was to develop an efficient one-step method for the preparation of structural analog, rhenium-tricarbonyl-N-[18F]fluoroethyl-iminodiacetic acid, Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA). Methods Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA) was prepared by reacting the corresponding tosyl precursor, rhenium-tricarbonyl-N-ethyltosylate-iminodiacetic acid, Re(CO)3(TsDA), with [18F]fluoride ion (18F-) in anhydrous acetonitrile in the presence of K2CO3 and Kryptofix 222 at 110°C for 20 min in a chemical processing control unit (CPCU). The resulting radiolabeled product was purified by semipreparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a Waters XTerra Prep RP 18 column (5 µm, 19 x 100 mm) and eluted with a mobile phase of 0.05 M triethylammonium phosphate (TEAP) buffer (pH = 7)/ethanol (80:20 v/v) at a flow rate of 6 mL/min. The solution of the 18F-radiotracer (pH 7) was analyzed by HPLC for stability for up to 23 h. Results The synthesized tosyl precursor has been fully characterized by spectroscopic and analytical methods (NMR and MS). Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA) was obtained by the nucleophilic substitution fluorination in the decay-corrected radiochemical yield of 18% in a total synthesis time of 120 min from end of bombardment. The purified filtered final radiotracer was formulated in a 0.05 M TEAP solution containing 10% ethanol. Quality control showed radiochemical and chemical purities above 99%. Co-injection with the standard Re(CO)3(FEDA) confirmed the identity of the radiolabeled product. The HPLC analysis of an aliquot of Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA) incubated for 23 hours revealed only intact 18F radiotracer confirming its stability. Conclusions The radiosynthesis of Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA) has resulted in the development of renal tracer with structural analogs that can be labeled with either 18F or 99mTc. Importantly, these analogs are likely to have identical pharmacokinetic properties. To our knowledge, the direct radiofluorination of Re(CO)3(18F-FEDA) is also the first example of the incorporation of 18F into a metal-tricarbonyl complex.
Research Support: NIH Grant R37 DK038842
Terawatt Cr:LiSrAlF_6 laser system (1993)

We have developed a compact flash-lamp-pumped Cr:LiSrAlF(6) (Cr:LiSAF) laser system capable of producing peak powers in excess of 1 TW. Chirped-pulse amplification in a Cr:LiSAF regenerative amplifier produces 8-mJ pulses at a 5-Hz repetition rate. Further amplification in Cr:LiSAF yields recompressed pulse energies of 150 mJ and a pulse duration <135 fs at a 0.5-Hz repetition rate.
Stable ligand-free stellated polyhedral gold nanoparticles for sensitive plasmonic detection (2016)

Ligand-free stellated gold nanoparticles (AuStNPs) with well-defined octahedral (O(h)) and icosahedral (I(h)) core symmetries were prepared using hydrogen peroxide as a reducing agent. Only three reagents: gold precursor (HAuCl4), H2O2 and NaOH were required to form colloidally and chemically stable AuStNPs with a zeta-potential between -55 and -40 mV indicative of excellent charge stabilization. The size and degree of stellation of AuStNPs can be controlled by several synthetic parameters so that the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) can be varied from ca. 850 nm in near-infrared (NIR) to ca. 530 nm. In particular, AuStNP size and LSPR tuning can be conveniently accomplished by iodide variation. The size distribution of AuStNPs was improved by nucleation with ascorbic acid, and the AuStNP size and degree of branching could be readily modified using arginine. AuStNPs are advantageous for SPR sensing, as it was demonstrated in the sensitive detection of not only thiols, such as ampicillin, but also iodide with the detection limit of 3.2 pM (0.4 ng L(-1)). The reported ligand-free stable AuStNPs thus should be very useful for biodiagnostics based on SPR sensing and potentially for SERS and hyperthermia therapy.
Scattering of a Hermite‐Gaussian beam mode by a ferrite‐coated conducting cylinder (1987)

The scattering of a beam mode by a circular conducting cylinder coated with an axially magnetized ferrite is considered. A complex‐source‐point method introduced by Deschamps and developed by Felsen and his collaborators is used. Numerical results are presented for the scattering patterns of a lowest‐order mode by a conducting circular cylinder covered with an unmagnetized ferrite. The effects of the spot size and the location of the waist of the beam on the scattered field are discussed. A comparison between the scattering of a beam mode and that of a plane wave is presented. The scattering patterns for a magnetized ferrite‐coated conducting cylinder are also calculated and compared with those for an unmagnetized ferrite coating. Finally we calculate the scattering patterns in the resonance region of a magnetized ferrite.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Organoboranes: An Easy Way to Construct C—C Bonds (Nobel Lecture) (2011)

Abstract Review: 42 refs.
The effect of substance P on the regional lymph node antibody response to antigenic stimulation in capsaicin-pretreated rats. (1987)

The undecapeptide substance P (SP) contained in primary afferent nerves is thought to mediate that part of the neurogenic inflammatory response consisting of vasodilation and plasma extravasation. This response is diminished in rats pretreated as neonates with the neurotoxin capsaicin. It is not known whether primary afferent nerves influence cellular responses of the immune response to antigenic stimulation. Using 6- to 12-wk-old Sprague-Dawley rats pretreated as neonates with capsaicin, we examined the regional lymph node response to a s.c. antigenic stimulus of sheep red blood cells. The number of cells secreting antigen-specific antibody in these animals was reduced by more than 80% using direct and indirect plaque assay methods. The reduced antibody response in capsaicin-pretreated animals was reversed by a s.c. infusion of SP given over a 4-hr period at the injection site immediately after antigen stimulation. This response had a threshold at approximately 1.0 X 10(-5) M SP. SP1-7 (1.0 X 10(-5) M) was without effect but an infusion of SP5-11 (1.0 X 10(-5) M) reversed the effects of capsaicin treatment indicating a carboxyl-terminal effect of SP. The results suggest that the reduced response of capsaicin-treated animals to an antigenic stimulus is due to an effect of capsaicin on the SP-containing primary afferent nerves rather than a toxic effect of capsaicin on the immune system.
A STUDY IN TELLURIDES. (1909)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA STUDY IN TELLURIDES.Charles Austin Tibbals Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1909, 31, 8, 902–913Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1909Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1909https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01938a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01938a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Difluoroalkylation of Carbonyl Compounds with (1,1-Difluoroalkyl)silane Derivatives (1995)

Difluoromethylation and 1,1-difluoroalkylation of carbonyl compounds were achieved by using (difluoromethyl)- or (1,1-difluoroalkyl)silane derivatives in the presence of fluoride or alkoxide ion source.
Severe anaphylactoid reaction to hydroxyethyl starch (1990)

Summary A case is presented of a severe anaphylactoid reaction to hydroxyethyl starch solution that occurred peri‐operatively and required extended intensive management of the resultant bronchospasm and hypotension. Subsequent intradermal injection of hetastarch produced a delayed positive response, suggestive of a complement‐mediated mechanism.
Ab initio quantum chemical design of supermolecule logical devices (2001)

The geometrical structure of both the ground and excited state of the azo-dyes: Disperse Orange 3 (DO3) and Ch<SUB>2</SUB>- C<SUB>4</SUB>H<SUB>4</SUB>-N=N-C<SUB>44/H(subscript 4</SUB>-CH<SUB>2</SUB> molecules have been investigated applying the Hartree Fock (HF), density functional theory (DFT) methods with the Berny geometry optimization and Ames Laboratory determinant (ALDET)single- double-triple-quadra configuration interaction (SDTQ-CI) method. The investigations proved that the above-mentioned molecules can not rotate around the -N=N- bond. Thus, the alternative mechanism of the isomerization of the DO3 molecule per linear transition state has been suggested and investigated. The obtained one- and many- electron energy diagrams have been drawn. According to these diagrams the above mentioned isomerization way is possible. The mechanism of the isomerization of the azo-dyes molecule per linear transition state is suggested and investigated. The results of light induced internal molecular motions in azo-dyes molecules have been used for the design of light driven logically controlled molecular machines composed form photoactive organic molecules such as carbazole, 1,4- phenylenediamine (PhDA) and 4,5-dinitro- 9(dicyanomethylidene)-fluorene (DN9(CN)<SUB>2</SUB>F), Dithieno[3,2-b:2',3'-d]thiphene and Ferocene (C<SUB>10</SUB>H<SUB>10</SUB>Fe) molecules joined with -CH=CH- or -N=N- bridges. Ab initio DFT B3PW91 model using 6-311G** and Watanabe (WBTS) basis sets calculations show the stability of Sc<SUB>3</SUB>N and ErSc<SUB>2</SUB> molecules which exist inside endohedral fullerene C<SUB>80</SUB> derivatives: Sc<SUB>3</SUB>NC<SUB>80</SUB>. Analysis of electronic structure of inside clusters allowed proposing that these endohedral fullerenes might be used for electro- optical and magneto-optical switches and for information storage. We performed design of molecular logical devices based on organic electron donor and electron acceptor molecules, fullerene C<SUB>60</SUB> substituted derivative CH<SUB>2</SUB>C<SUB>60</SUB>, electron donor-bridge-electron acceptor dyads and triads. Design of new series molecular implementations (MI) of two variable logic functions: AND (NAND), OR (NOR) is based on geometry optimization procedure. Molecular triggers and molecular dynamic memory were designed based on investigations of photo-excitation movements and charge transfer of aza-fullerene supermolecule (NH<SUB>2</SUB>)CH-NC<SUB>59</SUB>-NC<SUB>59</SUB>-CH(NO<SUB>2</SUB>). Our ab initio DFT B3PW91/LanL3DZ calculation of HOMO-LUMO gap in CdS nanocluster without four phenyle fragments gives value equal to 3.85 eV and the same method calculation of CdS nanocluster with four phenyle fragments gives HOMO-LUMO gap value equal to 3.66 eV. 121
Studies on N-Arylglycine Series Chemotherapeutics. IV (1963)

2-(p-methoxyphenylamino)acetohydroxamic acid (IIa) and 2-[N-(p-methoxyphenyl)-phenylsulfonamido]acetohydroxamic acid (IIb) were obtained by reacting N-(p-methoxyphenyl)glycine ethyl ester (Ia) and N-(p-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylsulfonylglycine ethyl ester (Ib) with hydroxylamine. when Ia and Ib were reacted with methanolic ammonia under pressure, 2-(p-methoxyphenylamino)acetanilide (IIIa) and 2-[N-(p-methoxyphenyl)phenylsulfonamido]acetamide (IIIb) were obtained.IIa is also obtainable by reacting either IIIa or N-(p-methoxyphenyl)glycine hydrazide (IVa) with hydroxylamine hydrochloride. On the other hand, IIIa and IIIb are also obtainable either by the reaction of methanolic ammonia under pressure, or by reacting IVa and N-(p-methoxyphenyl)-N-phenylsulfonylglycine hydrazide (IVb) with potassium ferricyanate. When IIa and IIb were reacted with benzenesulfonyl chloride in pyridine, they gave the substance VII, m. p. 176° (decomp.), which was assumed to be 1, 3-bis{[N-(p-methoxyphenyl)phenylsulfonamido]methyl}urea by the qualitative and elemental analysis. If VII was treated with hydrazinehydrate, it decomposed into N-(p-methoxyphenyl)benzenesulfonamide.
Towards an architectural approach for the dynamic and automatic composition of software components (2006)

In a component-based software system the components are specified, designed and implemented with the intention to be reused, and are assembled in various contexts in order to produce a multitude of software systems. However, this ideal scenario is not always the case, e.g., the integration with legacy components. In this context, one main problem in component assembly arises. It is related to the ability to automatically and efficiently (i.e., by reducing the state-explosion phenomenon) synthesize an assembly code for a set of, possibly incompatible, software components. Moreover, this assembly should be able to evolve when things change and to be correct-by-construction, i.e., despite the changes, it always ensures a set of properties of interest. In this paper we propose a Software Architecture (SA) based approach in which architectural analysis and code synthesis are combined together in order to efficiently and correctly assemble a system out of a set of already implemented components. The approach can be equally applied to efficiently manage the whole re-factoring of the system when one or more components needs to be substituted, still maintaining the required properties. The specified and validated system SA is used as starting point for the derivation of adaptors required to correctly replace components in the composed system. The approach is applied and validated over an explanatory example concerning with a "cooling water pipe" system.
Une relation enchantée (1990)

An Enchanted Relationship. The work of a secretary, which is socially defined as women's work, cannot be reduced to its technical characteristics. This is not only because it combines a set of skills that cannot easily be formalized, but also because it presupposes a relationship of per- sonalized dependence on the superior agent, which only a woman can be expected to fulfil. This relationship of attachment has a threefold meaning : it binds the secretary to a specific individual, it reproduces the traditional submission of women, and it contains subjective implications on each side marked by exchanges of attention and services as much as by more or less subtle challenges. The more that the figure of the boss enables the secretary to sublimate her relationship to the men of her own family group, the more likely she is to succeed in conforming to her professional destiny.
Holographic recording in TiO2 nanoparticle-dispersed methacrylate photopolymer films (2002)

We demonstrate permanent holographic storage in the green with high diffraction efficiency and recording sensitivity in TiO2 nanoparticle-dispersed methacrylate photopolymer films. It is shown that the diffraction efficiency as well as the recording sensitivity significantly increase with an increase of nanoparticle concentration. It is also found that volumetric shrinkage during holographic exposure is noticeably suppressed by inclusion of the nanoparticles.
Objective picture quality scale for video coding (2002)

To design the image communication system including human visual system systematically, the objective quality estimation method of the picture based on the model of the human vision is necessary. We develop the objective picture quality scale (PQSvideo) for video coding considering the relation between the physical distortion factors and the psychological picture estimation factors. The obtained cross correlation coefficient between the PQSvideo and the mean opinion score (MOS), becomes 0.978.