gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Automotive Applications of Metal-Matrix Composites (2001)

Abstract This article provides information on the applications of metal-matrix composites in engine components, brake system, and driveshaft. The components include pistons, cylinder liners, valves, pushrods, and connecting rods.
Design and Validation of a Rehabilitation Robotic Exoskeleton for Tremor Assessment and Suppression (2007)

Exoskeletons are mechatronic systems worn by a person in such a way that the physical interface permits a direct transfer of mechanical power and exchange of information. Upper limb robotic exoskeletons may be helpful for people with disabilities and/or limb weakness or injury. Tremor is the most common movement disorder in neurological practice. In addition to medication, rehabilitation programs, and deep brain stimulation, biomechanical loading has appeared as a potential tremor suppression alternative. This paper introduces the robotic exoskeleton called WOTAS (wearable orthosis for tremor assessment and suppression) that provides a means of testing and validating nongrounded control strategies for orthotic tremor suppression. This paper describes in detail the general concept for WOTAS, outlining the special features of the design and selection of system components. Two control strategies developed for tremor suppression with exoskeletons are described. These two strategies are based on biomechanical loading and notch filtering the tremor through the application of internal forces. Results from experiments using these two strategies on patients with tremor are summarized. Finally, results from clinical trials are presented, which indicate the feasibility of ambulatory mechanical suppression of tremor.
A new field-tracking NMR magnetometer system (1979)

An automatic NMR magnetometer covering the magnetic field range 0.1-3.2 T is described. Instead of continuous tracking of the magnetic field by a conventional feedback loop technique, a new approach to triangular frequency modulation of the marginal oscillator is used in this instrument, ensuring symmetrical frequency deviation about the resonance position. Direct digital display of the magnetic field value is obtained by digital counting of the swept frequency with a suitable counting gate time. The particular advantage of this system is that the restrictions characteristic of automatic frequency control feedback loop systems, as well as for adiabatic passage conditions, can be omitted. The magnetometer is a data-sampling system with a sampling frequency of 43 Hz and a typical tracking rate of about 0.12 T s-1. The maximum search time is 0.5 s. Because of the good dynamic properties and measurement accuracy approaching 10-6 T and lack of modulation coils in the probe, the instrument is particularly suited for the measurement and calibration of magnetic fields in ESR and NMR spectrometers.
Millimeter-Wave Microstrip Comb-Line Antenna Array for Automotive Radar (2018)

This paper presents the design of a 10 ×25 element microstrip comb-line antenna array for 77GHz automotive radar. A 250-elememt array is proposed by using RO3003 substrate with higher gain compare with the series-fed patch antennas in the same size. The simulated gain of the antenna is 24dBi and the side lobe level is below -13 dB at 76.5GHz.
Activating mutation in a mucolipin transient receptor potential channel leads to melanocyte loss in varitint–waddler mice (2007)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) genes of the mucolipin subfamily (TRPML1-3 and MCOLN1-3) are presumed to encode ion channel proteins of intracellular endosomes and lysosomes. Mutations in human TRPML1 (mucolipin 1/MCOLN1) result in mucolipidosis type IV, a severe inherited neurodegenerative disease associated with defective lysosomal biogenesis and trafficking. A mutation in mouse TRPML3 (A419P; TRPML3(Va)) results in the varitint-waddler (Va) phenotype. Va mice are deaf, exhibit circling behavior due to vestibular defects, and have variegated/dilute coat color as a result of pigmentation defects. Prior electrophysiological studies of presumed TRPML plasma membrane channels are contradictory and inconsistent with known TRP channel properties. Here, we report that the Va mutation produces a gain-of-function that allows TRPML1 and TRPML3 to be measured and identified as inwardly rectifying, proton-impermeant, Ca(2+)-permeant cation channels. TRPML3 is highly expressed in normal melanocytes. Melanocyte markers are lost in the Va mouse, suggesting that their variegated and hypopigmented fur is caused by severe alteration of melanocyte function or cell death. TRPML3(Va) expression in melanocyte cell lines results in high resting Ca(2+) levels, rounded, poorly adherent cells, and loss of membrane integrity. We conclude that the Va phenotype is caused by mutation-induced TRPML3 gain-of-function, resulting in cell death.
Fabrication of omentum-based matrix for engineering vascularized cardiac tissues (2014)

Fabricating three-dimensional, biocompatible microenvironments to support functional tissue assembly remains a key challenge in cardiac tissue engineering. We hypothesized that since the omentum can be removed from patients by minimally invasive procedures, the obtained underlying matrices can be manipulated to serve as autologous scaffolds for cardiac patches. Here we initially characterized the structural, biochemical and mechanical properties of the obtained matrix, and demonstrated that cardiac cells cultivated within assembled into elongated and aligned tissues, generating a strong contraction force. Co-culture with endothelial cells resulted in the formation of blood vessel networks in the patch without affecting its function. Finally, we have validated that omental scaffolds can support mesenchymal and induced pluripotent stem cells culture, thus may serve as a platform for engineering completely autologous tissues. We envision that this approach may be suitable for treating the infarcted heart and may open up new opportunities in the broader field of tissue engineering and personalized regenerative medicine.
Confusion Matrix-Based Feature Selection (2011)

This paper introduces a new technique for feature selection and illustrates it on a real data set. Namely, the proposed ap-proach creates subsets of attributes based on two criteria: (1) individual attributes have high discrimination (classification) power; and (2) the attributes in the subset are complemen-tary- that is, they misclassify different classes. The method uses information from a confusion matrix and evaluates one attribute at a time. Keywords: classification, attribute selec-tion, confusion matrix, k-nearest neighbors; Background In classification problems, good accuracy in classification is the primary concern; however, the identification of the at-tributes (or features) having the largest separation power is also of interest. Even more, for very large data sets (such
A Comparison of <i>In Vitro</i> Toxicity and Antifungal Efficacy of Membrane-Active Drugs after Liposome Encapsulation (1989)

The membrane-active ionophores were observed to possess antifungal activity against Candida albicans 336 and were toxic to human erythrocytes. Liposome encapsulation of these drugs significantly reduced their toxicity to erythrocytes but resulted in the loss of their antifungal potency. These results are compared with membrane-active polyenes which maintained their antifungal activity after encapsulation into liposomes. Liposomal-ionophores, however, showed antifungal activity along with low concentrations of Amphotericin B indicating the presence of synergism between these drugs.
Determination of the Elemental Composition of Coffee Using Instrumental Methods (2012)

Although the content of elements in coffee is only about 5 % (m/m), it seems to be a good indicator of the coffee authenticity. Apparently, it can bring the useful information about individual elemental patterns that are distinctive to the origin of growing soils for coffee plants in addition to cultivation and environmental conditions used. The elemental analysis of coffee by means of instrumental measurement methods may have other uses. It can be used to prove the high quality and safety of raw coffee beans, various coffee byproducts, and the final coffee product in the market. Commonly, different atomic absorption and emission spectrometry and instrumental neutron activation analysis methods are used to determine concentrations of various elements in green, roasted, and ground or instant coffees and coffee infusions, but these samples have to be suitably prepared prior to the analysis.
Apoptotic Cells of an Epithelial Cell Line, AsPC-1, Release Monocyte Chemotactic S19 Ribosomal Protein Dimer (2001)

A pancreatic carcinoma cell line, AsPC-1, underwent apoptosis in vitro when heat-treated for 60 min at 43 degrees C. Apoptotic AsPC-1 cells liberated a monocyte chemotactic factor into the culture supernatant 24 to 30 h after the heat-treatment. This factor was immunologically identified as the cross-linked homodimer of S19 ribosomal protein (RP S19), since the majority of the chemotactic activity was absorbed by both anti--RP S19 rabbit antibodies and an anti--isopeptide bond monoclonal antibody immobilized on agarose beads. Intracellular transglutaminase activity increased during the apoptotic process, reaching the peak strength between 18 and 24 h after the heat-treatment. A recombinant RP S19 acquired the monocyte chemotactic capacity when incubated with the apoptotic cell extract obtained at the 18th hour. The chemotactic activity acquirement as well as the transglutaminase activity were blocked by treatment of the extract with anti--type II transglutaminase rabbit antibodies. When the recombinant RP S19 was treated with an authentic type II transglutaminase, the dimerization of RP S19 concomitant with the generation of the monocyte chemotactic activity was observed. Peptide-map analyses involving amino acid sequencing demonstrated that the inter-molecular isopeptide bond was heterogeneous: Gln12 or Gln137 and Lys29 or Lys122 were cross-linked. Site-directed mutagenic analysis indicated that the cross-linking of Gln137, but not other residues such as Gln12, Lys29, and Lys122, was essential for expression of the chemotactic activity.
Properties of a new penicillinase type produced by Bacteroides fragilis (1982)

A highly penicillin-resistant strain of Bacteroides fragilis, strain GN11499, was found among 80 clinical isolates of the B.fragilis group and appears to produce a new type of penicillinase. Penicillinase activity was detected in crude extracts and had a specific activity of 0.25 U/mg of protein. About 20% of the enzyme was released into the surrounding medium during growth. The enzyme hydrolyzed ampicillin and cloxacillin more rapidly than it did penicillin G, carbenicillin, and cephaloridine. Relative rates in a crude extract with penicillin G as 100 were ampicillin, 357; carbenicillin, 57; cloxacillin, 271; and cephaloridine, 71. Enzyme activity was inhibited by clavulanic acid, CP-45, 899, N-formimidoyl thienamycin, cefoxitin, moxalactam, and p-chloromercuribenzoate. The enzyme had a molecular weight of approximately 41,500 and an isoelectric point of 6.9. Penicillinase production and tetracycline resistance were transferred from B.fragilis GN11499 to two susceptible strains of B.fragilis and Bacteroides vulgatus by filter mating.
NCCN Task Force Report: Prevention and Management of Mucositis in Cancer Care (2008)

Oral mucositis (OM) has emerged as a common cause of dose delays and interruptions of cancer therapies such as multicycle chemotherapy, myeloablative chemotherapy, and radiotherapy with or without concurrent chemotherapy of head and neck cancer. Research into both preventive and management strategies has lagged behind research into the common cancer treatment-related morbidities of nausea, vomiting, and cytopenias. This disparity is related to the complex risk assessment of multifactorial patient and treatment factors and different techniques of rating mucositis. In addition, relatively few clinical trials have focused on mucositis as a specific outcome. Currently, the only effective preventive strategies include the use of palifermin to prevent OM in the setting of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and oral cryotherapy used in conjunction with bolus 5-FU, melphalan, or edatrexate. For the most part, managing OM relies on supportive care and symptom palliation. However, OM is a common problem associated with significant patient morbidity and increased resource use. The magnitude of the problem demands innovative approaches based on expert judgment as evidence accumulates to support specific recommendations. To improve this situation, the NCCN convened a multidisciplinary task force to address key issues. This report integrates expert judgment with a review of key literature on risk assessment, prevention, and treatment strategies, and provides recommendations for the overall management of OM.
Cloning and Comparison of <i>fliC</i> Genes and Identification of Glycosylation in the Flagellin of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> a-Type Strains (1998)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa a-type strains produce flagellin proteins which vary in molecular weight between strains. To compare the properties of a-type flagellins, the flagellin genes of several Pseudomonas aeruginosa a-type strains, as determined by interaction with specific anti-a monoclonal antibody, were cloned and sequenced. PCR amplification of the a-type flagellin gene fragments from five strains each yielded a 1.02-kb product, indicating that the gene size is not likely to be responsible for the observed molecular weight differences among the a-type strains. The flagellin amino acid sequences of several a-type strains (170,018, 5933, 5939, and PAK) were compared, and that of 170,018 was compared with that of PAO1, a b-type strain. The former comparisons revealed that a-type strains are similar in amino acid sequence, while the latter comparison revealed differences between 170,018 and PAO1. Posttranslational modification was explored for its contribution to the observed differences in molecular weight among the a-type strains. A biotin-hydrazide glycosylation assay was performed on the flagellins of three a-type strains (170,018, 5933, and 5939) and one b-type strain (M2), revealing a positive glycosylation reaction for strains 5933 and 5939 and a negative reaction for 170,018 and M2. Deglycosylation of the flagellin proteins with trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (TFMS) confirmed the glycosylation results. A molecular weight shift was observed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis for the TFMS-treated flagellins of 5933 and 5939. These results indicate that the molecular weight discrepancies observed for the a-type flagellins can be attributed, at least in part, to glycosylation of the protein. Anti-a flagellin monoclonal antibody reacted with the TFMS-treated flagellins, suggesting that the glycosyl groups are not a necessary component of the epitope for the human anti-a monoclonal antibody. Comparisons between a-type sequences and a b-type sequence (PAO1) will aid in delineation of the epitope for this monoclonal antibody.
Seer: a graphical retrieval system for reusable Ada software modules (2003)

The authors describe Seer, a student's engineering environment for reusable software. It is also a retrieval and evaluation system that is both flexible and unobtrusive, allowing the software engineer to easily explore complex module information webs, comparing them with other webs in a module classification scheme. A prototype of Seer has been constructed around the classification scheme of an existing commercial module library and seeded with a number of information webs associated with modules of that library. The functionality of this prototype is provided primarily by SeeGraph, a network database with flexible graphical interface.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Polysaccharide Peptide (Ganodermalucidum) Against Inflammatory Processes Focused on IL-6 and hsCRPin Atherosclerosis (2015)

Background: Coronary artery disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in the world. Plaque atherosclerosis is a major role in this condition. The current study evaluated anti-inflammatory of polysaccharide peptide (ganodermalucidum) in atherosclerotic rats. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate polysaccharide peptide (PsP) of the extract of Ganodermalucidum as an anti-inflammation that inhibits the process of atherogenesis in rats model of atherosclerosis. Methods: The atherosclerotic rats were randomly divided into four groups (5 rats each group): atherosclerotic models with high-fat diet, low-dose PsP treated group (50 mg/kgBW), medium-dose PsP treated group (150 mg/kgBW), high-dose PsP treated group (300 mg/kgBW), with normal rats used as the control group. Parameters measured were the levels of IL - 6 and hsCRP. Result: After five weeks of treatment, PSP can reduce inflammatory markers hsCRP significantly and IL-6 descriptively reduced with PsP 150 mg/kgBW. Conclusion: Based on this study, the PSP can be useful to decrease inflammation that further research is needed to be able to use the PSP as an additional drug in the treatment of coronary heart disease caused by atherosclerosis process.
Superconductors (1983)

Abstract The chapter presents an overview of the properties and operational limits of superconductive materials, as well as techniques used to fabricate practical superconducting wires. It introduces six properties: critical temperature, critical magnetic field, critical current density, stability, ac loss, and mechanical characteristics; for each property, typical data are provided and the experimental methods used to measure it are briefly described. The properties of the superconducting composites are tied together in the chapter to summarize their effect on superconductor material selection and the geometrical design of superconducting composites. The chapter also contains a reference guide to composite-design factors with links to the relevant chapter sections where each design consideration is addressed.
Composition and Stability of Iron and Copper Citrate Complexes in Aqueous Solution (1974)

The acidity constants of citric acid and the stability constants of the citrate complexes of copper(II), iron(II), and iron(III) have been measured at 25 °C in 0.1 M KNO 3 background. The measurements were based on mass balances on hydrogen ions, supplemented in the case of Cu(II) and Fe(III) complexes by measurements of free metal concentration with a solid-state copper-ion-sensitive electrode and a redox electrode respectively. The data required the assumption of a binuclear copper complex, but all complexes characterized were of 1:1 stoichiometry.
Separation of Leucocytes: Improved Cell Purity by Fine Adjustments of Gradient Medium Density and Osmolality (1991)

This paper briefly reviews commonly used procedures for separation of mononuclear cells (MNC) and granulocytes from human blood with X-ray contrast media as gradient material, and also presents new and modified procedures for leucocyte preparation. Standard techniques for human blood do not always yield satisfactory results with blood from other species. In general pure MNC are easily obtained (top fraction), but often the granulocyte fraction has a low purity, due to contamination with MNC that move to the bottom during centrifugation and contaminate the granulocyte suspension. Obviously the density distribution of MNC differs between species. However, the separation can be improved by fine adjustment of gradient medium osmolality. For this purpose we have used Nycodenz, a non-ionic X-ray contrast medium. A favourable property of Nycodenz solutions is that the osmolality and density can easily be varied over a broad range. The cells react promptly to a change of medium osmolality. In hypertonic medium the cells expel water, shrink, their density increases and they sediment faster, in spite of a smaller radius. Further, the cells may pass what was initially a density barrier. A hypotonic environment has the opposite effect. In the present work we were able to show that a slight change of medium osmolality clearly improved different techniques for separation of leucocyte subgroups. For instance, the Isopaque-Ficoll (IF) technique consistently yielded MNC and granulocytes of high purity with human blood. However, with blood from rabbits, rats and mice the granulocyte suspensions were contaminated by 40-60% MNC. By utilizing Nycodenz, and lowering the osmolality by 10-12 per cent (at constant density--1.077 g/ml) we obtained satisfactory separation of MNC as well as granulocytes with blood from these species. A problem in the routine separation of granulocytes (IF) is a high contamination of erythrocytes (2-5 per cell) in the granulocyte suspension. With a two-layer technique with Nycodenz solutions of different densities it was possible to separate granulocytes almost devoid of erythrocytes, after proper adjustment of osmolality. By appropriate combination of density and osmolality, Nycodenz was a suitable gradient material in other separation procedures as well, e.g. the separation of monocytes and mast cells. To facilitate the use of Nycodenz as a versatile gradient material, a computer program providing recipes for various Nycodenz solutions is included as an appendix.
Diagnosing performance changes by comparing request flows (2011)

The causes of performance changes in a distributed system often elude even its developers. This paper develops a new technique for gaining insight into such changes: comparing request flows from two executions (e.g., of two system versions or time periods). Building on end-to-end request-flow tracing within and across components, algorithms are described for identifying and ranking changes in the flow and/or timing of request processing. The implementation of these algorithms in a tool called Spectroscope is evaluated. Six case studies are presented of using Spectroscope to diagnose performance changes in a distributed storage service caused by code changes, configuration modifications, and component degradations, demonstrating the value and efficacy of comparing request flows. Preliminary experiences of using Spectroscope to diagnose performance changes within select Google services are also presented.
Pregenerative medicine: developmental paradigms in the biology of cardiovascular regeneration (2010)

The ability to create new functional cardiomyocytes is the holy grail of cardiac regenerative medicine. From studies using model organisms, new insights into the fundamental pathways that drive heart muscle regeneration have begun to arise as well as a growing knowledge of the distinct families of multipotent cardiovascular progenitors that generate diverse lineages during heart development. In this Review, we highlight this intersection of the "pregenerative" biology of heart progenitor cells and heart regeneration and discuss the longer term challenges and opportunities in moving toward a therapeutic goal of regenerative cardiovascular medicine.