gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ultrasonic characterization of green and sintered ceramics. II: Frequency domain (1994)

Nondestructive techniques, such as ultrasonics, have the capability of analyzing elastic as well as microstructural properties. The conventional ultrasonic measurements conducted are those of velocity and attenuation. Ultrasonic velocity is considered as more of a macroscopic property and is mainly used for determination of elastic properties, although in many cases it may be used to determine microstructural changes. Ultrasonic velocity measurements have been used to characterize colloidally processed ceramics. This paper focuses on ultrasonic attenuation measurements of partially sintered, colloidally processed alumina using 5--30-MHz frequencies. Such measurements are very sensitive to the microstructure and can depend on a variety of parameters, e.g., the volume fraction and the nature of porosity, grains and second phases. A continuous evaluation of attenuation measurements at various stages of densification might provide significant information about the state of microstructural evolution.
Diagnostic informative value of liquid-based cytology optimized with genetic methods for the differential diagnosis of precancerous and malignant diseases of the cervix (2021)

Purpose of the study. Was to assess diagnostic informative value of liquid-based cytology optimized with genetic methods for the differential diagnosis of precancerous and malignant diseases of the cervix. Materials and methods. The study included 381 patients. Cervical pathologies were diagnosed with liquid-based cytology only and liquid-based cytology optimized with genetic methods of assessing the expression of miRNA‑20a, miRNA‑375, miRNA‑21 and –23b. Results of liquid-based cytology and genetic methods were verified by histological examination of the material. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics methods with the calculation of the mean and standard error of the mean. The mean values were compared with the help of the Mann-Whitney test. Results. Diagnostic results of liquid-based cytology were consistent with histological results in 107 (73.8 %) of 145 cervical cancer (CC) patients, in 52 (57.1 %) of 91 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and in 30 (65.2 %) of 46 patients with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL). Optimization of liquid-based cytology by assessing the expression of miRNA‑21 and miRNA‑23b in the cervical epithelium improved the diagnostic sensitivity of the method from 73.8 % to 80 %, and its specificity from 94.1 % to 97.9 %. The diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of liquid-based cytology for differential diagnosis of CC and HSIL was 87 % and 78.8 %, respectively. Optimization of liquidbased cytology by assessing the expression of miRNA‑20a and miRNA‑375 in the cervical epithelium for the differential diagnosis of CC and HSIL improved the diagnostic sensitivity of the method from 87 % to 95.1 %, and its specificity from 78.8 % to 93.9 %. Conclusions. We revealed the most informative pairs of miRNAs in the cervical epithelium, as an analysis of their expression expanded the possibilities of liquid-based cytology both as a method for diagnosing CC and as a method for the differential diagnosis between CC and HSIL.
Parathyroid hormone-like peptide shares features with members of the early response gene family: rapid induction by serum, growth factors, and cycloheximide. (1992)

The parathyroid hormone-like peptide (PLP) gene is widely expressed in normal and neoplastic tissues. Previous studies have demonstrated that PLP gene expression is regulated by serum and cycloheximide, features common to the regulation of a number of different early response genes. We now report that PLP mRNA transcripts are induced within 5 min of exposure of rat keratinocytes to serum, return to control values at 20 min, and then increase and remain elevated for at least 4 h, following which they return to baseline levels. The PLP mRNA t1/2 was approximately 90 min in both serum-deprived and serum-stimulated cells. The serum induction was blocked by actinomycin D. Cycloheximide alone induced PLP gene expression; however, PLP mRNA transcripts were not superinduced in the presence of both serum and cycloheximide. Dexamethasone and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 inhibited the basal levels of PLP mRNA transcripts but did not eliminate the serum induction of PLP gene expression. Epidermal growth factor or transforming growth factor-beta alone induced PLP mRNA transcripts, but no induction was observed following exposure of cells to epidermal growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta together. Treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate for 90 min did not induce PLP mRNA transcripts, but 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate blocked the rapid serum induction of PLP gene expression. These features of PLP gene expression suggest that PLP is a member of the growth factor-regulated early response gene family. The rapid serum stimulation of PLP gene expression raises the possibility that PLP may contribute in an autocrine fashion to the early cellular response to growth factor stimulation.
Cloning of the cDNA encoding mast cell tryptase of Mongolian gerbil, <i>Meriones unguiculatus</i>, and its preferential expression in the intestinal mucosa (1995)

By using the combination of reverse-transcription PCR and rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods, a cDNA encoding mast cell tryptase was successfully cloned from the small intestine of Mongolian gerbil, Meriones unguiculatus, infected with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis. The cDNA was 1219 bp long including 810 bp of an open reading frame. Based on the deduced amino acid sequences of known mast cell tryptases of other species, the gerbil mast cell tryptase (gMCT) was highly similar to mouse mast cell protease (mMCP)-7, and seems to be translated as a prepro-enzyme with 25 amino acids of signal and activation peptides and 245 amino acids of mature enzyme. The gMCT mRNA was preferentially transcribed in the intestinal mucosa and to a far lesser extent in the connective tissue such as skin and tongue. Moreover, kinetic study after infection revealed that the amount of gMCT mRNA in the small intestine correlated well with the degree of intestinal mastocytosis. Throughout the course of infection, enzyme-histochemically detectable tryptase activity was limited to mucosal mast cells. Since mucosal mast cells of other rodents, including mice and rats, do not express tryptases, this is the first report of rodent mast cell tryptase expressed in the intestinal mucosa.
Shotgun Lipidomics Reveals the Temporally Dependent, Highly Diversified Cardiolipin Profile in the Mammalian Brain: Temporally Coordinated Postnatal Diversification of Cardiolipin Molecular Species with Neuronal Remodeling (2008)

Large-scale neuronal remodeling through apoptosis occurs shortly after birth in all known mammalian species. Apoptosis, in large part, depends upon critical interactions between mitochondrial membranes and cytochrome c. Herein, we examined the hypothesis that the large-scale reorganization of neuronal circuitry after birth is accompanied by profound alterations in cardiolipin (CL) content and molecular species distribution. During embryonic development, over 100 CL molecular species were identified and quantitated in murine neuronal tissues. The embryonic CL profile was notable for the presence of abundant amounts of relatively short aliphatic chains (e.g., palmitoleic and oleic acids). In sharp contrast, after birth, the CL profile contained a remarkably complex repertoire of CL molecular species, in which the signaling fatty acids (i.e., arachidonic and docosahexaenoic acids) were markedly increased. These results identify the rapid remodeling of CL in the perinatal period with resultant alterations in the physical properties of the mitochondrial membrane. The complex distribution of aliphatic chains in the neuronal CL pool is separate and distinct from that in other organs (e.g., heart, liver, etc.), where CL molecular species contain predominantly only one major type of aliphatic chain (e.g., linoleic acid). Analyses of mRNA levels by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reactions suggested that the alterations in CL content were due to the combined effects of both attenuation of de novo CL biosynthesis and decreased remodeling of CL. Collectively, these results provide a new perspective on the complexity of CL in neuronal signaling, mitochondrial bioenergetics, and apoptosis.
Comet in context (2003)

Combinatorial optimization problems naturally arise in many application areas, including logistics, manufacturing, supply-chain management, and resource allocation. They often give rise to complex and intricate programs, because of their inherent computational and software complexity. There is thus a strong need for software tools which would decrease the distance between the specification and the final program.This paper contains a brief description of COMET, an object-oriented language supporting a constraint-based architecture for neighborhood search. It contrasts COMET to constraint programming languages and shows how constraint programming and COMET provides many of the same benefits for constraint satisfaction and neighborhood search respectively. In particular, COMET supports a layered architecture cleanly separating modeling and search aspects of the programs, constraints encapsulating incremental algorithms, and various control abstraction to simplify neighborhood exploration and meta-heuristics.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (part I) (1965)

Summary The first of these two articles on nuclear magnetic resonance explains the principles. The energy states of nuclei in magnetic fields are considered, and the resonance conditions are discussed, together with the interaction of the spin system with electromagnetic radiation. Nuclear resonance signals from the solid state are described; the reduction of line width by rotation of the crystal or molecule is then considered, as an introduction to measurements in the liquid state.
Isolation of circulating immune complexes using Raji cells. Separation of antigens from immune complexes and production of antiserum. (1978)

A B S T R A C T Raji cells were used for the isolationi of complement-fixing antigen-antibody complexes from serum. Immune complexes bound to these cells were radiolabeled at the cell surface with lactoperoxi- dase. The complexes were then eluted from the cells with isotonic citrate buffer pH 3.2 or recovered by immunoprecipitation of cell lysates. The antigen and antibody moieties of the complexes were isolated by dissociating sucrose density gradient centrifugation or by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A variety of preformed immune com- plexes were successfully isolated from serum with this approach. In addition, these techniques were used to isolate and identify the antigens in immuine complexes in the serum of rabbits with chronic serum sickness and rats with Moloney virus-induced sarcomas.
Micro-actuator for tera-storage (1999)

A micro-actuator which can largely improve the capacity and performance of current hard-disk drives (HDDs) was investigated. This micro-actuator is located between a slider and a suspension, and moves the magnetic head (attached on the edge of the slider) with very high speed and accuracy. As a result, extremely high data-track density (thus, high capacity) and fast access time can be achieved. First, requirements for this actuator were investigated, and new design methods and fabrication technologies were developed, including area-efficient electrode design, "integrated traces", 20:1 (40 /spl mu/m thick, 2 /spl mu/m resolution) high-aspect ratio polymer etching, and multi-layer metal structure. The micro-actuator was successfully fabricated and assembled. A servo experiment was carried out by using a commercially available 3.5 inch HDD. High servo bandwidth of 2.4 kHz, high track-following accuracy of 0.0275 /spl mu/m (one sigma) which enables 25 kilo track-per-inch (TPI), and fast P move time of 0.5 mS for 9.8 /spl mu/m- seek were demonstrated.
7-Substituted benzo[b]thiophenes and 1,2-benzisothiazoles. Part 1. Hydroxy- or methoxy-derivatives (1983)

Readily available 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (orthovanillin) is converted, via thermal rearrangement (Newman–Kwart) of the O-aryl-NNdimethylthiocarbamate, into 2-mercapto-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (3). This thiol undergoes base-catalysed condensation with compounds of the type ClCH2X (e.g. X = CO2H, Ac, or CN), to give the appropriate 2-(X-substituted)-7-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene. Successive demethylation and decarboxylation of 7-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid provides a convenient route to 7-hydroxybenzo[b]thiophene. 7-Methoxybenzo[b]thiophene undergoes bromination and nitration at the 4-position; the structure of the 4-bromo compound is confirmed by an unambiguous synthesis. 2-Mercapto-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (3) reacts with chloramine to provide a simple synthesis of 7-methoxy-1,2-benzisothiazole. 2-Mercapto-3-methoxybenzonitrile, obtained as above from the corresponding 2-hydroxy compound, gives 2-acetyl-3-amino-7-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene when treated with chloropropanone, and 3-amino-7-methoxy-1,2-benzisothiazole when treated with chloramine.
Drug Synergy of Tenofovir and Nanoparticle-Based Antiretrovirals for HIV Prophylaxis (2013)

ARVs with different physicochemical properties can be encapsulated individually into nanoparticles to potently inhibit HIV. Our findings demonstrate for the first time that combining TFV with either NP-EFV or NP-SQV results in pronounced combination drug effects, and emphasize the potential of nanoparticles for the realization of unique drug-drug activities.
Ultrasonographic evaluation of joint involvement in early rheumatoid arthritis in clinical remission: power Doppler signal predicts short-term relapse (2009)

In a cohort of early RA patients treated with conventional DMARDs, US-GS can detect residual disease activity more sensitively than clinical examination both in active disease and in remission. Moreover, PD-positive synovial hypertrophy identifies an ongoing inflammation even during remission and predicts short-term relapse.
Catching our breath: Reading the pandemic through crime, media and culture (2020)

No abstract available.
A Study on Grooving Corrosion at the Weld of a Low Carbon Steel Pipe Made by Electrical Resistance Welding (2004)

Although leakage at a low carbon steel pipe made by electrical resistance welding (ERW) was reported due to grooving corrosion, the cause for the corrosion has not yet been cleared. In order to clarify the main cause, failure analysis on the leaked pipe was carried out, followed by metallographic investigation and corrosion test for the various ERW pipe made with different welding heat input. The microstructure, particularly inclusion content, of the weldment is dependant on the welding heat input applied. For an improper low heat input, the amount of inclusion at the weld was high. High inclusion content accelerated grooving corrosion at the weld. It is therefore that welding heat input should be controlled based on the carbon content of the pipe in order to improve the corrosion resistance of the ERW pipe.
The Molecular Structure of Some Transition-Metal Complexes with 1,2,3,4-Tetrazole-5-thiolate Anions (1998)

The molecular structures of nine transition metal tetrazolethiolates have been determined by X-ray structure determinations. The ligand is invariably coordinated through its sulfur atom to the metal center [M = PdII, CuI, AgI, AuI, AuIII, and Hg]. The M−S−C bond angles vary considerably, but this cannot be correlated with variations in the C−S bond lengths. Intermolecular association occurs for Ph3PAu(SCN4Me) via Au−S contacts, leading to dimeric strands in the solid state. The copper compound (Ph3P)3Cu4(SCN4Me)4 (5), possesses a rather asymmetric structure: one Cu atom is tricoordinated by 3 sulfur atoms, the other three are tetracoordinated by P and N as well as by S atoms.
REVIEW OF BOOKS AND ARTICLES (1949)

Pelton, W. J., and Wisan, J. M., eds. Dentistry in public health. Bertrand, A. L., and Hitt, H. L. Parental attitudes and dental care for children in selected rural areas of Louisiana. Henschel, C. J., and Lieber, Leon. Carries incidence reduction by unsupervised use of 27.5 per cent ammonium therapy dentifrice. Diebert, A. V. The dentist in the national program of cancer control. Toverud, Guttorm. Decrease in caries frequency in Norwegian children during World War II. Robinson, H. G. B. The metabolism of minerals and vitamins and the effect of systemic conditions on dental caries. Nadler, W. H. Dental infection and extraoral disease. Keyes, P. H. and Shourie, K. L. Dental caries in the syrian hamster. Kipkin, Isadore, and Mc Clure, F. J. Inhibitory effect of fluoride on tooth decalcification by citrate and lactate in vivo. Manly, R. S., and Bibby, B. G. Substances capable of decreasing the acid solubility of tooth enamel. Straub, J., and Adler, P. Fluoride saturation rate of human enamel. Russell, A. L. Dental effects of exposure to fluoride‐bearing Dakota sand‐stone waters at various ages and for various lengths of time. Hill, T. J., White, B., Matt, M., and Peariman, S. A biologically active salivary fraction possibly related to caries susceptibility. Mc Cauley, H. B., Likins, R. C., and Arnold, F. A., Jr. Relation between caries experience and poliomyelitis in Minneapolis school children (1946 epidemic). Banti, Lorenzo. The action of blood on germs presumably killed by antiseptics. Easlick, K. A. Ten “musts” in planning for dental health.
Extracellular calcium mimics the actions of platelet-derived growth factor on mouse fibroblasts. (1992)

Microprecipitates of calcium phosphate (CaPO4) can substitute for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) to stimulate the growth of cultured 3T3 cells. In two-part complementation assays, CaPO4 behaves as a PDGF-like "competence factor"--that is, the mitogenic response to CaPO4 is enhanced synergistically by "progression factors" contained in platelet-poor plasma. In studies described here, we show that early cytoplasmic and intranuclear events in the mitogenic response to CaPO4 are equivalent to those induced by PDGF. However, no net increase in tyrosine kinase activity of either the PDGF-alpha or PDGF-beta receptor is seen following exposure to CaPO4. Our data suggest that calcium acts within the cell, regulating events which normally proceed from activation of PDGF receptors. Alternatively, microprecipitates of CaPO4 could act externally by activating a growth factor receptor which escapes detection with available reagents.
Growth-Associated Production of Poly(3-Hydroxyvalerate) from n-Pentanol by a Methylotrophic Bacterium, Paracoccus denitrificans (1996)

Paracoccus denitrificans accumulated a polyester in its cells during growth on n-pentanol. The composition of the polyester varied during the cultivation: the level of the 3-hydroxyvalerate unit in the polyester increased, and eventually a homopolymeric poly(3-hydroxyvalerate) [P(3HV)] accumulated to an amount 22 to 24% of the cell dry weight. Growth-associated polyester synthesis was considerably affected by n-pentanol when its concentration was controlled at several levels. Maximum accumulation of the polyester was obtained at 0.02% (vol/vol). Physical and mechanical characteristics of the P(3HV) were determined and compared with those of other homo- and copolyesters. The P(3HV) was dextrorotatory and had number-averaged and weight-averaged molecular masses of 128,000 and 888,000 Da, respectively, with a rate of polydispersity of 6.93. The level of tensile strength of the P(3HV) was lower, and its extension to break was higher than that of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) homopolyester.
Ertapenem: review of a new carbapenem (2005)

The carbapenems are beta-lactam-type antibiotics with an exceptionally broad spectrum of activity. Ertapenem is a new carbapenem developed to address the pharmacokinetic shortcomings (short half-life) of imipenem and meropenem. Ertapenem shares similar structural features with meropenem, including its stability to dehydropeptidase-1, allowing it to be administered without a dehydropeptidase-1 inhibitor. Ertapenem, like imipenem and meropenem, demonstrates broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against many Gram-positive and -negative aerobes and anaerobes and is resistant to nearly all beta-lactamases, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and AmpCs. However, it differs from both imipenem and meropenem in demonstrating limited activity against Enterococcusspp., Pseudomonasaeruginosa and other nonfermentative Gram-negative bacteria commonly associated with nosocomial infections. The extensive protein binding of ertapenem extends the half-life and allows for once-daily dosing. Prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, comparative clinical studies demonstrate similar clinical efficacy of ertapenem compared with other agents. Clinical trials of complicated intra-abdominal infection, acute pelvic infection, complicated skin and soft-structure infection, community-acquired pneumonia and complicated urinary tract infections demonstrated that ertapenem has equivalent efficacy and safety compared with ceftriaxone and piperacillin/tazobactam. Ertapenem is a promising new carbapenem with excellent efficacy and safety for the treatment of a variety of community-acquired infections. It also appears to be of great value as an outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy.
Matrix metabolism and healing in the flexor tendon. Experimental studies on rabbit tendon. (1991)

I. The rabbit flexor tendon within the synovial sheath contains segments with fibrocartilage-like areas. These segments have a higher proteoglycan and a lower collagen and non-collagen protein synthesis compared to the segment with "true" tendon tissue. Cell proliferation is also lower within the proximal segment than in the intermediate and distal segments. These regional variations should be considered when interpreting experimental data. They may also be of importance for the variable healing capacity of different flexor tendon regions. II. Recombinant human insulin-like growth factor, insulin and fetal calf serum stimulate matrix synthesis and cell proliferation in a dose dependent manner in flexor tendon explants cultured for three days. rhIGF-I was more potent than insulin in stimulating cell proliferation and matrix synthesis. rhIGF-I also stimulated matrix synthesis to a higher degree than FCS. III. In long-term culture of flexor tendon explants, the addition of rhIGF-I to the culture medium stimulates matrix synthesis, but does not influence turn-over rates. The total hexosamine and collagen contents in tendons cultured in medium with rhIGF-I remain at the same level, while non-collagen protein content decreases. There are no major differences in matrix metabolism between tendons cultured in medium supplemented with FCS or with rhIGF-I only. rhIGF-I may therefore be used as a growth factor supplement in serum-free culture of tendon tissue. IV. Dehydration inhibits in vitro matrix synthesis and cell proliferation in tendon explants. These effects are counteracted by keeping the exposed tendon segments moist with physiological saline solution during preparation. The sensitivity of tendon tissue to dehydration should be considered during tendon surgery. V. Tendon explants, cultured in a diffusion chamber, survive and exhibit an intrinsic capacity for healing. In healing tendon segments incubated for three weeks, protein synthesis remains unchanged and collagen synthesis decreases, whereas the rate of cell proliferation increases as compared with native tendons. VI. Endotenon cells of the rabbit flexor tendon can restore the injured tendon surface and bridge the tendon gap. The rabbit flexor tendon is a morphologically and biochemically heterogeneous tissue with an intrinsic capability for healing. Tendon tissue is susceptible to dehydration and during exposure quickly looses its viability. The metabolic and proliferative capacity of the tendon is stimulated by growth factors and rhIGF-I may be of importance in tendon healing.