gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Association of the Human SUMO-1 Protease SENP2 with the Nuclear Pore (2002)

SUMO-1 is a small ubiquitin-like protein that can be covalently conjugated to other proteins. A family of proteases catalyzes deconjugation of SUMO-1-containing species. Members of this family also process newly synthesized SUMO-1 into its conjugatable form. To understand these enzymes better, we have examined the localization and behavior of the human SUMO-1 protease SENP2. Here we have shown that SENP2 associates with the nuclear face of nuclear pores and that this association requires protein sequences near the N terminus of SENP2. We have also shown that SENP2 binds to Nup153, a nucleoporin that is localized to the nucleoplasmic face of the pore. Nup153 binding requires the same domain of SENP2 that mediates its targeting in vivo. Removal of the Nup153-interacting region of SENP2 results in a significant change in the spectrum of SUMO-1 conjugates within the cell. Our results suggest that association with the pore plays an important negative role in the regulation of SENP2, perhaps by restricting its activity to a subset of the conjugated proteins within the nucleus.
Biological and social determinants of the Lyme disease problem. (1992)

Lyme disease, presently the most common arthropod-borne disease in the United States, is a phenomenon of both medical and social importance. Notwithstanding the substantial public health threat posed by Borrelia burgdorferi infection, there is reason to suspect that the diagnosis of Lyme disease is made more frequently than justified. On the other hand, the current dissatisfaction with serologic assays for B. burgdorferi infection may lead some physicians to inappropriately abandon consideration of the diagnosis entirely. Either of these outcomes of the patient-physician encounter is to be regretted. The Lyme disease problem, as I call the current situation, has both biological and social determinants.
Electrospinning functional nanoscale fibers: a perspective for the future (2007)

Abstract Over the past decade, electrospinning has grown from a small niche process to a widely used fiber formation technique. Applying a strong electric potential on a polymer solution or melt produces nanoscale fibers. These nanofibers form non‐woven textile mats, oriented fibrous bundles and even three‐dimensional structured scaffolds, all with large surface areas and high porosity. Major applications of electrospun membranes include tissue engineering, controlled drug delivery, sensing, separations, filtration, catalysis and nanowires. This perspective article highlights many recent advances in electrospun fibers for functional applications, with an emphasis on the advantages and proposed technologies for these non‐woven fibrous scaffolds. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
Mg/PbBr<sub>2</sub>Bimetal Redox-Promoted Stannation of Propargyl, Allyl, Vinyl, and Aryl Halides (1993)

Reductive coupling of propargylic bromides with tributylstannyl chloride was performed in a regioselective manner by the aid of magnesium metal and a catalytic amount of lead(II) bromide in THF, affording allenyltributylstannanes. In a similar manner, allyl-, vinyl-, and aryl-tributylstannanes were prepared from the corresponding halides.
Excitability Changes of Cortical Neurons during the Postnatal Period in Rats Exposed to Prenatal Hypobaric Hypoxia (2001)

Pregnant rats were exposed to intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (at a simulated altitude of 7000 m or 5000 m) and the excitability of cortical neurons of their pups was tested. Stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex of rats prenatally exposed to hypoxia shortened the duration of cortical afterdischarges in 12-day-old rats, but did not change the excitability in 25-day-old animals. Shortening of the first afterdischarge in 35-day-old rats but the prolongation of the first afterdischarge in adult rats (as compared to the duration of cortical afterdischarges in rats not exposed to prenatal hypoxia) were registered. The possible mechanisms of different excitability of cortical neurons in rats prenatally exposed to hypobaric hypoxia are discussed.
Low-Power Wireless for the Internet of Things: Standards and Applications (2018)

The proliferation of embedded systems, wireless technologies, and Internet protocols have enabled the <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Internet of Things</i> (IoT) to bridge the gap between the virtual and physical world through enabling the monitoring and actuation of the physical world controlled by data processing systems. Wireless technologies, despite their offered convenience, flexibility, low cost, and mobility pose unique challenges such as fading, interference, energy, and security, which must be carefully addressed when using resource-constrained IoT devices. To this end, the efforts of the research community have led to the standardization of several wireless technologies for various types of application domains depending on factors such as reliability, latency, scalability, and energy efficiency. In this paper, we first overview these standard wireless technologies, and we specifically study the MAC and physical layer technologies proposed to address the requirements and challenges of wireless communications. Furthermore, we explain the use of these standards in various application domains, such as smart homes, smart healthcare, industrial automation, and smart cities, and discuss their suitability in satisfying the requirements of these applications. In addition to proposing guidelines to weigh the pros and cons of each standard for an application at hand, we also examine what new strategies can be exploited to overcome existing challenges and support emerging IoT applications.
Relationship of Skeletal Muscle Atrophy to Functional Status: A Systematic Research Review (2000)

In the realm of muscle atrophy research, many studies address minute details of molecular function but few examine the effects of atrophy in terms of mobility, strength, endurance, and performance of activities of daily living. The relationship between impairment and functional limitation is the focus of this research review. A wide array of studies constitute this area of inquiry, including investigations as diverse and widely disparate as molecular chemistry and space travel and populations as different as rats, healthy young men, and elderly women. Thirty-four studies were selected based on their fit with the Enabling-Disabling Model. Three paradigms of atrophy and function emerged. Adaptation reflects the plastic nature of muscle when placed under certain conditions, ranging from disuse to high-resistance exercise. Injury/loss describes damage to muscle tissue from ischemia, medications, or reloading or reperfusion trauma. Also in this category is the loss of muscle that is seen with aging. Integrity relates to the muscle's tendency to protect itself and maintain structural adjacencies and cellular proportions. Based on the 3 muscle research paradigms, the relationship of muscle atrophy to function is portrayed as a bidirectional interaction wherein form and function have an influence on each other by way of physical changes, including those of adaptation, injury/loss, or integrity. A conceptual model is constructed to reflect this relationship.
Real-Time Testing of True Random Number Generators Through Dynamic Reconfiguration (2010)

This paper presents the hardware implementation of the widely known NIST Statistical Test Suite - a battery of statistical tests for pseudorandom number generators (PRNGs) and true random number generators (TRNGs) - in a single Xilinx FPGA chip, using dynamic partial reconfiguration. The design offers a basic framework for easy integration of any additional randomness evaluation tests as well. Due to the integration of both the TRNG and the tests suite in a single FPGA chip, our solution offers new opportunities in the area of random number generation and testing, greatly reducing the time between the generation and the validation of the generated sequences of random bits.
Quinoxaline, its derivatives and applications: A State of the Art review (2014)

Quinoxaline derivatives are an important class of heterocycle compounds, where N replaces some carbon atoms in the ring of naphthalene. Its molecular formula is C8H6N2, formed by the fusion of two aromatic rings, benzene and pyrazine. It is rare in natural state, but their synthesis is easy to perform. In this review the State of the Art will be presented, which includes a summary of the progress made over the past years in the knowledge of the structure and mechanism of the quinoxaline and quinoxaline derivatives, associated medical and biomedical value as well as industrial value. Modifying quinoxaline structure it is possible to obtain a wide variety of biomedical applications, namely antimicrobial activities and chronic and metabolic diseases treatment.
Phosphorylation of Membrane Type 1-Matrix Metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) and Its Vesicle-associated Membrane Protein 7 (VAMP7)-dependent Trafficking Facilitate Cell Invasion and Migration (2011)

In multicellular organisms, uncontrolled movement of cells can contribute to pathological conditions, such as multiple sclerosis and cancer. In highly aggressive tumors, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is linked to the capacity of tumor cells to invade surrounding tissue and current research indicates that the membrane-anchored membrane type 1-matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) has a central role in this process. Endocytosis and trafficking of MT1-MMP are essential for its proper function, and here we examine the phosphorylation, internalization, and recycling of this enzyme, and the associated biochemical signaling in HeLa and HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells. Activation of protein kinase C with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate resulted in phosphorylation of endogenous MT1-MMP at Thr(567) in vivo. Mutation of Thr(567) to alanine (to mimic non-phosphorylated MT1-MMP) reduced internalization of MT1-MMP, whereas mutation of Thr(567) to glutamic acid (to mimic phosphorylation) resulted in decreased levels of MT1-MMP on the cell surface. The endosomal trafficking and recycling of MT1-MMP was found to be dependent upon Rab7 and VAMP7, and blocking the function of these proteins reduced cell migration and invasion. Intracellular trafficking of MT1-MMP was observed to be coupled to the trafficking of integrin α5 and phosphorylation of ERK that coincided with this was dependent on phosphorylation of MT1-MMP. Together, these results reveal important roles for MT1-MMP phosphorylation and trafficking in both cell signaling and cell invasion.
The Physico-Chemical Properties of Dietary Fibre Determine Metabolic Responses, Short-Chain Fatty Acid Profiles and Gut Microbiota Composition in Rats Fed Low- and High-Fat Diets (2015)

The aim of this study was to investigate how physico-chemical properties of two dietary fibres, guar gum and pectin, affected weight gain, adiposity, lipid metabolism, short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles and the gut microbiota in male Wistar rats fed either low- or high-fat diets for three weeks. Both pectin and guar gum reduced weight gain, adiposity, liver fat and blood glucose levels in rats fed a high-fat diet. Methoxylation degree of pectin (low, LM and high (HM)) and viscosity of guar gum (low, medium or high) resulted in different effects in the rats, where total blood and caecal amounts of SCFA were increased with guar gum (all viscosities) and with high methoxylated (HM) pectin. However, only guar gum with medium and high viscosity increased the levels of butyric acid in caecum and blood. Both pectin and guar gum reduced cholesterol, liver steatosis and blood glucose levels, but to varying extent depending on the degree of methoxylation and viscosity of the fibres. The medium viscosity guar gum was the most effective preparation for prevention of diet-induced hyperlipidaemia and liver steatosis. Caecal abundance of Akkermansia was increased with high-fat feeding and with HM pectin and guar gum of all viscosities tested. Moreover, guar gum had distinct bifidogenic effects independent of viscosity, increasing the caecal abundance of Bifidobacterium ten-fold. In conclusion, by tailoring the viscosity and possibly also the degree of methoxylation of dietary fibre, metabolic effects may be optimized, through a targeted modulation of the gut microbiota and its metabolites.
Estrogenic Induction of Spermatogenesis in the Hypogonadal Mouse* (2000)

Abnormal sperm production and reduced fertility have been reported in transgenic male mice lacking the alpha-subtype of the estrogen receptor (ER)alpha or aromatase. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of estrogen in male reproductive function, by determining the effect of estradiol on testicular function in hypogonadal (hpg) mice congenitally lacking gonadotropin; and thus, sex steroid production. hpg mice were treated, at 2-3 months of age, with slow-release estradiol implants, which achieved circulating estradiol concentrations of approximately 40 pg/ml. Treatment for 35 days reliably induced a 4- to 6-fold increase in testicular weight, compared with the vestigial testes in the untreated or cholesterol-treated controls. The degree of testicular growth after 35 days was similar to that in hpg mice receiving an intrahypothalamic graft of preoptic area tissue taken from neonatal mice on the day of birth, a procedure known to induce testicular development in hpg mice by activation of the pituitary gland. Histological analysis revealed that the testes contained elongated spermatids after 35 days of estradiol treatment, whereas germ cell development never progressed beyond the pachytene stage in control hpg mice. Treatment for 70 days induced full qualitatively normal spermatogenesis in hpg mice. Testis weight increased 5-fold, reflecting a 5-fold increase in total seminiferous tubule volume and a 4- to 5-fold increase in the total volume of the seminiferous epithelium. In all experiments, spermatogenesis proceeded in the absence of measurable androgen concentrations, but circulating FSH concentrations were slightly (but significantly) elevated, relative to cholesterol-treated control hpg mice. This stimulatory action of estradiol on FSH secretion was unexpected, particularly because identical estradiol treatments significantly decreased serum FSH levels in wild-type littermates. These results indicate that estrogens may play a role in spermatogenesis, via stimulatory effects on FSH secretion. An alternative or complementary explanation, given the recent identification of estrogen receptors (ERalpha and ERbeta) and aromatase within various cell types in the testis, is that estrogens exert paracrine actions within the testis to promote spermatogenesis. The identification of effects of estradiol on testicular function provides a conceptual basis to reexamine the speculative link between increased exposure to environmental estrogens and reduced fertility in man.
Recognition and learning with polymorphic structural components (1996)

We address the problem of describing, recognizing, and learning generic, free-form objects in real-world scenes. An appearance-based system using weak-structure and evidence accumulation where object models are implicitly encoded in a learned decision tree and objects are represented in graph form as in the method developed by Bischof and Caelli (1994). The decision tree is used to classify sequences of image components, or part paths, extracted from the object to be recognized. The part paths are in turn used to accumulate evidence for the classification of the entire object. We introduce an improved method for generating part paths based upon the part compatibility graph, a replacement for Bischof and Caelli's implicit use of the part adjacency graph. A new formalism for extending the representation and recognition scheme to utilize multiple (polymorphic) types of primitive parts is presented and the approach is demonstrated on a selection of imagery.
Deep Belief Networks Learn Context Dependent Behavior (2014)

With the goal of understanding behavioral mechanisms of generalization, we analyzed the ability of neural networks to generalize across context. We modeled a behavioral task where the correct responses to a set of specific sensory stimuli varied systematically across different contexts. The correct response depended on the stimulus (A,B,C,D) and context quadrant (1,2,3,4). The possible 16 stimulus-context combinations were associated with one of two responses (X,Y), one of which was correct for half of the combinations. The correct responses varied symmetrically across contexts. This allowed responses to previously unseen stimuli (probe stimuli) to be generalized from stimuli that had been presented previously. By testing the simulation on two or more stimuli that the network had never seen in a particular context, we could test whether the correct response on the novel stimuli could be generated based on knowledge of the correct responses in other contexts. We tested this generalization capability with a Deep Belief Network (DBN), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) network, and the combination of a DBN with a linear perceptron (LP). Overall, the combination of the DBN and LP had the highest success rate for generalization.
Anomalous surface diffusion of water compared to aprotic liquids in nanopores (1999)

1H nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion experiments show remarkable differences between water and acetone in contact with microporous glass surfaces containing trace paramagnetic impurities. Analyzed with surface relaxation theory on a model porous system, the data obtained for water show that proton surface diffusion limited by chemical exchange with the bulk phase permits long-range effectively one-dimensional exploration along the pores. This magnetic-field dependence coupled with the anomalous temperature dependence of the relaxation rates permits a direct interpretation in terms of the proton translational diffusion coefficient at the surface of the pores. A universal rescaling applied to these data collected for different pore sizes and on a large variety of frequencies and temperatures, supports this interpretation. The analysis demonstrates that acetone diffuses more slowly, which increases the apparent confinement and results in a two-dimensional model for the molecular dynamics close to surface relaxation sinks. Surface-enhanced water proton diffusion, however, permits the proton to explore a greater spatial extent of the pore, which results in an apparent one-dimensional model for the diffusive motions of the water that dominate nuclear spin relaxation.
Industrial Upscaling of Electrospinning and Applications of Polymer Nanofibers: A Review (2013)

Abstract Electrospun nanofibers are extensively studied and their potential applications are largely demonstrated. Today, electrospinning equipment and technological solutions, and electrospun materials are rapidly moving to commercialization. Dedicated companies supply laboratory and industrial‐scale components and apparatus for electrospinning, and others commercialize electrospun products. This paper focuses on relevant technological approaches developed by research, which show perspectives for scaling‐up and for fulfilling requirements of industrial production in terms of throughput, accuracy, and functionality of the realized nanofibers. A critical analysis is provided about technological weakness and strength points in combination with expected challenges from the market. magnified image
Variable speed generating unit for stand-alone microgrids (2012)

Variable speed operation has been proposed in literature as a solution to efficiency and pollution problems for diesel generating units, as well to improve efficiency and power conversion in rotating systems for renewable energy sources. In general, different topologies of prime-movers, like internal combustion engines, wind turbines and hydro turbines, etc. can be used to move an electric generator at variable speed. In variable speed generating systems, the electric output frequency is disengaged from the mover speed through a power electronic converter. This paper deals with a newly-conceived integral-resonant single-loop output voltage control arrangement for a three-phase four-leg VSI, to be used in stand-alone microgrids, for a variable speed generating units using static conversion to provide the constant electric frequency required by the loads. The control structure is discussed and experimentally verified by means of a 25 kVA rated power converter prototype. It is shown that the proposed voltage control allows simplifying the overall control configuration, achieving zero-overhead power factor regulation and fast compensation of load unbalances. Further to that, a complete current limiting strategy is described and tested under different load conditions.
Design of mechanism-based inactivators of human placental aromatase. (1982)

This article reviews the design and study, in our own laboratory and in other laboratories, of new 10 beta-substituted analogs of estr-4-ene-3,17-dione. These compounds, along with a number of known analogs, have been evaluated as reversible or irreversible inhibitors of human placental microsomal aromatase. The only irreversible inhibitors in the group surveyed here are the 10 beta-difluoromethyl, 10 beta-propargyl, and 10 beta-allenyl derivatives of estr-4-ene-3,17-dione. Possible mechanisms for the inactivation processes are discussed. The effects of incorporating the 19-methyl group of adrost-4-ene-3,17-dione into a ring of three, four, five or six carbons are also described.
Human Keratinocyte Cell Lines Differ in the Expression of the Collagenolytic Matrix Metallo-proteinases-1, -8, and -13 and of TIMP-1 (2000)

We investigated cells and conditioned media of the three human keratinocyte cell lines HaCaT (non-tumorigenic), A5 (benign, tumorigenic) and II-4RT (malignant, tumorigenic) with regard to production and secretion of the collagenases-1 to -3 (MMP-1, MMP-8 and MMP-13) and TIMP-1 using semi-nested RT-PCR, Western blots, ELISA, immunocytochemistry and casein zymography. Transcripts of MMP-1, -8, -13 and TIMP-1 were detected in all cell lines by RT-PCR and the corresponding proteins were found in the cytoplasm of all three cell lines by Western blot analysis and/or immunocytochemistry. The conditioned media of the malignant II-4RT cells contain significantly more MMP-1 and MMP-8 than those of HaCaT or A5 as evidenced by immunoblotting and ELISA. In addition to the presence of latent MMP-1, zymography also detected the active form of this enzyme. TIMP-1 was found only in extracts of all three cell lines, predominantly in A5. This study clearly indicates that the epithelial tumor cells synthesize different collagenases and TIMP-1. The malignant clone secretes increased amounts of distinct collagenases compared to the non-tumorigenic cell line, thereby verifying a correlation between biological behaviour and the amount of collagenases. In addition, we provide clear evidence that MMP-8 is not exclusively found in polymorphonuclear granulocytes, but also in keratinocyte cell lines.