gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Mutational Analysis of Leaf Morphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana (1999)

As a contribution to a better understanding of the developmental processes that are specific to plants, we have begun a genetic analysis of leaf ontogeny in the model system Arabidopsis thaliana by performing a large-scale screening for mutants with abnormal leaves. After screening 46,159 M2 individuals, arising from 5770 M1 parental seeds exposed to EMS, we isolated 1926 M2 putative leaf mutants, 853 of which yielded viable M3 inbred progeny. Mutant phenotypes were transmitted with complete penetrance and small variations in expressivity in 255 lines. Most of them were inherited as recessive monogenic traits, belonging to 94 complementation groups, which suggests that we did not reach saturation of the genome. We discuss the nature of the processes presumably perturbed in the phenotypic classes defined among our mutants.
The CHD3 Remodeler PICKLE Promotes Trimethylation of Histone H3 Lysine 27 (2008)

CHD3 proteins are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelers that contribute to repression of developmentally regulated genes in both animal and plant systems. In animals, this repression has been linked to a multiple subunit complex, Mi-2/NuRD, whose constituents include a CHD3 protein, a histone deacetylase, and a methyl-CpG-binding domain protein. In Arabidopsis, PICKLE (PKL) codes for a CHD3 protein that acts during germination to repress expression of seed-associated genes. Repression of seed-associated traits is promoted in pkl seedlings by the plant growth regulator gibberellin (GA). We undertook a microarray analysis to determine how PKL and GA act to promote the transition from seed to seedling. We found that PKL and GA act in separate pathways to repress expression of seed-specific genes. Comparison of genomic datasets revealed that PKL-dependent genes are enriched for trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3), a repressive epigenetic mark. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies demonstrate that PKL promotes H3K27me3 in both germinating seedlings and in adult plants but do not identify a connection between PKL-dependent expression and acetylation levels. Taken together, our analyses illuminate a new pathway by which CHD3 remodelers contribute to repression in eukaryotes.
Perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) nanowires: synthesis and characterization (2006)

Perylene tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI) is a material widely used in organic thin-film-based electronic and optoelectronic devices, such as transistors, light-emitting diodes and photovoltaic cells. It has been reported recently that copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) solar cell performance can be significantly improved if CuPc forms nanowires instead of flat film surface. However, nanostructures of PTCDI reported up to date include only self-assembled nanobelts in a solution, which is not suitable for small molecule device applications. For organic solar cells based on small molecules, vapor deposition organic nanostructure fabrication is of considerably more interest. In this work, fabrication of PTCDI nanostructures by evaporating PTCDI powder in Ar flow has been performed. The nanostructures were grown on glass, quartz and ITO (indium-tin oxide) substrates which were located downstream from the source. The obtained nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and photoluminescence (PL). The effect of substrate type, substrate temperature, gas flow rate and fabrication time on the resulting nanostructures were investigated. The synthesis conditions had significant effect on the morphologies of the resulting nanostructures, and the optimal fabrication conditions for device applications are discussed.
Localized electron heating during magnetic reconnection in MAST (2016)

Abstract Significant increase in the plasma temperature above 1 keV was measured during the kilogauss magnetic field reconnection of two merging toroidal plasmas under the high-guide field and collision-less conditions. The electron temperature was observed to peak significantly at the X -point inside the current sheet, indicating Joule heating caused by the toroidal electric field along the X -line. This peaked temperature increases significantly with the guide field, in agreement with the electron mean-free path calculation. The slow electron heating in the downstream suggests energy conversion from ions to electrons through ion-electron collisions in the bulk plasma as the second electron heating mechanism in the bulk plasma. The electron density profile clearly reveals the electron density pile-up / fast shock structures in the downstream of reconnection, suggesting energy conversion from ion flow energy to ion thermal energy as well as significant ion heating by reconnection outflow.
Accumulation of extracellular glutamate and neuronal death in astrocyte‐poor cortical cultures exposed to glutamine (1991)

The function of astrocytes in cerebral cortex may be studied by comparing the properties of conventional, astrocyte-rich cultures with astrocyte-poor cultures in which astrocyte proliferation has been stringently suppressed. Exposure of astrocyte-poor, but not astrocyte-rich, cultures to fresh medium containing 2 mM glutamine resulted in the death of most neurons within 24 h. This study was undertaken to understand the basis for the apparent toxicity of glutamine in astrocyte-poor cultures. The toxicity of glutamine was found to be mediated by glutamate, which demonstrated an LD50 as a neurotoxin in astrocyte-poor cultures of 2 microM. Exposure of astrocyte-poor (but not astrocyte-rich) cultures to fresh medium containing glutamine for 17.5-24 h resulted in the accumulation of substantial quantities of glutamate (255 +/- 158 microM; mean +/- standard deviation) coincident with the death of neurons in the cultures. Exposure of astrocyte-poor cultures to glutamate in the absence of glutamine did not result in the accumulation of extracellular glutamate. Both the neuronal death and the extracellular glutamate accumulation in astrocyte-poor cultures exposed to glutamine could be blocked by N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonists. These observations suggest that astrocytes as well as glutamine may play an important role in the pathogenesis of glutamate neurotoxicity in the central nervous system.
PROGRESSIVE TRANSMISSION AND RENDERING OF FOVEATED VOLUME DATA (2006)

With development of biomedical and networking technology, interactive volume rendering with data transmitted via the network becomes an interesting topic. Two technical problems are data transmission and fast volume rendering. In this paper, two schemes using Wavelet foveation are proposed and implemented: the region-based and coarse-to-fine. The first scheme transmits and renders the region of interest (ROI) of volume data on the client site at highest resolution for the first time, and consequently it iteratively expands the region layer by layer towards to the peripheral. While the second one gives a complete image in a low resolution for the first time on the client. The detail coefficients will be transmitted continuously and the rendering result will be progressively refined depending on the distance to the ROI.
CIGS Device Stability on Flexible Substrates (2006)

The impact of environmental conditions on CIGS device stability must be understood and minimized in order to gain widespread acceptance among users. The stability of CIGS-based PV coatings, cells and modules has been evaluated at Global Solar Energy (GSE) by accelerated and real-time testing. Several failure modes have been identified and addressed. New packaging designs and materials have extended the durability of flexible modules. Glass-based CIGS modules have been found to be especially robust and capable of meeting extended product warranties required for power modules
Identification and properties of ATP-sensitive potassium channels in myocytes from rabbit Purkinje fibres (1999)

Purkinje cell KATP channels may represent a molecular isoform distinct from that present in ventricular myocytes. The presence of KATP channels in the Purkinje network suggests that they may have an important influence on cardiac rhythm and conduction during periods of ischemia.
A high‐performance solid oxide fuel cell with a layered electrolyte for reduced temperatures (2020)

Abstract The application of conventional zirconia‐based electrolytes is limited to relatively high temperatures (ie > 750°C) due to their poor conductivities at low temperatures. Doped ceria has much higher conductivities; however, when exposed to fuel, electronic current develops within the material, which impairs cell performance and efficiency. Herein, we report a novel layered electrolyte structure consisting of a 10 µm samaria‐doped ceria primary layer and a 2 µm scandia‐ceria‐stabilized zirconia protection layer on the fuel side. The cell had five layers and was fabricated using a tape casting and ultrasonic spraying technique. By carefully selecting the raw materials, the bilyer electrolyte was sintered to full density at a low temperature of 1250°C. The adverse interdiffusion and undesirable reactions between the two layers were largely avoided. A fuel cell with the layered electrolyte structure, operated on hydrogen fuel, produced a high open circuit voltage 1.07 V and a power density of 321 mW/cm 2 at 0.8 V and 600°C, 76% improvement compared to the fuel cell with a scandia‐stabilized zirconia/samaria‐doped ceria bilayer electrolyte reported in literature.
T-cell receptor repertoire in neuroblastoma patients. (1996)

Spontaneous regression of widespread lesions is a characteristic feature of neuroblastoma. One may postulate that the immune response contributes to these clinical regressions. Accordingly, we studied the T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in eight neuroblastoma tumors. The expression of 29 V alpha and 24 V beta gene segment subfamily specificities was analyzed by PCR and compared by computerized densitometry of Southern blots to values obtained in the blood. Overall, the TCR repertoire of these eight patients was diverse, with virtually all V alpha and V beta specificities expressed. Nonetheless, four of these patients showed V beta 2 gene segment subfamily overexpression in the tumor corresponding to local expansion of polyclonal T-cell subpopulations. In one patient, this expansion could be due to local secretion of superantigenic activity, as suggested by the specific stimulation of murine T cells expressing a human V beta 2 chain by supernatant of the corresponding neuroblastoma cell line. In addition, high-resolution analysis of the TCR beta transcript complementarity-determining region 3 sizes identified three patients (of six studied) with marked clonal T-cell expansion in the tumor not seen in the blood. The specific expression of several dominant clono-types in the tumor may be related to the recognition of neuroblastoma-specific antigens in these patients. Together, these results on the TCR repertoire expressed in vivo may lead to the characterization of putative immune response mechanisms (i.e., antigen- or superantigen-driven stimulation) which participate in tumor regression.
<title>Automated ultrasonic arterial vibrometry: detection and measurement</title> (2000)

Since the invention of the stethoscope, the detection of vibrations and sounds from the body has been a touchstone of diagnosis. However, the method is limited to vibrations whose associated sounds transmit to the skin, with no means to determine the anatomic and physiological source of the vibrations save the cunning of the examiner. Using ultrasound quadrature phase demodulation methods similar to those of ultrasonic color flow imaging, we have developed a system to detect and measure tissue vibrations with amplitude excursions as small as 30 nanometers. The system uses wavelet analysis for sensitive and specific detection, as well as measurement, of short duration vibrations amidst clutter and time-varying, colored noise. Vibration detection rates in ROC curves from simulated data predict > 99.5% detections with < 1% false alarms for signal to noise ratios >= 0.5. Vibrations from in vivo arterial stenoses and punctures have been studied. The results show that vibration durations vary from 10 - 150 ms, frequencies from 100 - 1000 Hz, and amplitudes from 30 nanometers to several microns. By marking the location of vibration sources on ultrasound images, and using color to indicate amplitude, frequency or acoustic intensity, new diagnostic information is provided to aid disorder diagnosis and management.
Hospitality Education at the Crossroads (1982)

As hospitality educators, it is our mandate to seek solutions, to do research, to get involved, to teach students new ideas and new ways of doing things, and to be visionaries of the industry. Yet, if we examine many of the courses we are teaching, we will probably find that the bulk of them emphasize the same concerns today as they did twenty years ago
Aurora-A Is Essential for the Tumorigenic Capacity and Chemoresistance of Colorectal Cancer Stem Cells (2010)

Colorectal cancer stem cells (CR-CSC) are responsible for the generation and maintenance of intestinal tumors and are highly resistant to conventional chemotherapeutic agents. Aurora-A, a serine-threonine kinase involved in mitosis regulation, plays multiple key functions in tumor initiation and progression. We found that Aurora-A is overexpressed in primary colorectal tumor cells, in the CR-CSC fraction, and in stem cell-derived differentiated cells, compared with normal colon tissue. Aurora-A expression was functionally linked to centrosome amplification in CR-CSC, as indicated by the decrease in cells with multiple centrosomes that followed Aurora-A silencing. Knockdown of Aurora-A resulted in growth inhibition of CR-CSC, alteration of cell cycle kinetics, and downregulation of the expression levels of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 family members, strongly sensitizing to chemotherapy-induced cell death. Moreover, Aurora-A silencing compromised the ability to form tumor xenografts in immunocompromised mice and reduced the migratory capacity of CR-CSC. Altogether, these results indicate that Aurora-A is essential for CR-CSC regeneration and resistance to cytotoxic stimuli and suggest that therapies directed against Aurora-A may effectively target the stem cell population in colorectal cancer.
Cariprazine, a new, orally active dopamine D<sub>2/3</sub>receptor partial agonist for the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar mania and depression (2013)

Cariprazine is a novel drug with partial agonist activity at dopamine D2/3 receptors and six- to eightfold higher affinity for human dopamine D3 over D2 receptors. Results from several placebo-controlled Phase II/III trials in patients with a The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV diagnosis of schizophrenia or bipolar I disorder suggest that cariprazine is superior to placebo with respect to antipsychotic and antimanic activity. Reports concerning safety and tolerability of cariprazine are mainly favorable, although the rates of treatment-associated adverse events, which most commonly included akathisia and extrapyramidal symptom, are rather high. However, only minor alterations of clinical laboratory values, prolactin concentrations and ECG parameters are reported in cariprazine-treated patients. A new drug application to the U.S. F DA for cariprazine for the treatment of both schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder was submitted in November 2012. A more precise assessment of the clinical properties of this new drug will require additional studies, aimed to compare and contrast cariprazine with other antipsychotic agents.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Is Involved in Subacute Stress–Induced Neuroinflammation and in the Worsening of Experimental Stroke (2008)

Our results indicate that TLR4 is involved in the inflammatory response after subacute stress and its exacerbating effect on stroke. These data implicate the effects of innate immunity on inflammation and damage in the brain after stroke.
Distributed token management in Calypso file system (2002)

This paper presents the design and implementation of a distributed token manager for a cluster-optimized, distributed Unix file system. In this file system, tokens provide cache consistency and support for single-system Unix semantics. The paper describes the token types used, token arbitration protocol, deadlock-free implementation, fault-tolerance, and recovery. The key contributions of the work reported here are: (1) An efficient protocol for token arbitration, which minimizes bottlenecks and hence enhances scalability; (2) A practical approach to handling deadlocks, race conditions, and recovery issues, which complicate token manager design and implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Editorial: Single-Domain Antibodies—Biology, Engineering and Emerging Applications (2018)

Since the discovery of camelid heavy chain-only antibodies (HCAbs) in 1993 (1) and shark immunoglobulin new antigen receptors (IgNARs) in 1995 (2), and the subsequent recognition that the variable domains of these antibodies (VHHs and VNARs, respectively) function autonomously as single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), sdAbs have found many uses across diverse fields. Early work on naturally-occurring antibodies bearing single variable domains spurred renewed interest in the development of human sdAbs, namely, the light chain variable domains (VLs) and the heavy chain variable domains (VHs) of human conventional antibodies; the first reported sdAbs were actually VHs (3). Synthetic human sdAbs are expected to be less immunogenic than VHHs or VNARs but their development is more challenging, requiring steps to ensure the selection of molecules with good biophysical properties and appropriate affinity. There are several advantages offered by sdAbs over conventional antibodies in a wide variety of diagnostic, research, and therapeutic applications, most notably their ease of production in microbial systems, their potential ability to target cryptic epitopes that are inaccessible to larger molecules, and the fact that they can be readily formatted into more complex molecules. This collection brings together 26 reviews and original research articles that together provide extensive coverage of the developments, opportunities, and challenges associated with this unique class of molecules.
The prognostic impact of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in colorectal cancer differs by anatomical subsite. (2017)

47 Background: Several studies report dense infiltration of tumour-infiltrating T cells and natural killer cells to be associated with an improved prognosis in colorectal cancer (CRC); but whether these associations differ by tumour location remain unknown. This study investigated the prognostic impact of immune cell infiltration in CRC, with particular reference to the anatomical subsite of the primary tumour. Methods: Immunohistochemical expression of CD3, CD8, FoxP3, and CD56 was analysed in tissue microarrays with tumours from 557 incident CRC cases from a prospective population-based cohort. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analyses were applied to determine the impact of biomarker expression on 5-year overall survival (OS), in the entire cohort and in subgroup analysis of right colon, left colon, and rectum. Results: In the entire cohort, dense infiltration of all the investigated immune cells correlated significantly with an improved 5-year OS in both univariable and multivariable analysis, adjusted for age, TNM stage, differentiation grade, and vascular invasion. Dense infiltration of CD3+ and CD8+ cells were independent favourable prognostic factors for tumours in the right colon (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.53, 95 % confidence interval [CI] 0.29-0.95 and HR = 0.35, 95% CI 0.19-0.65, respectively), but not in the left colon or rectum. When microsatellite instability status was included in the adjusted model, only CD8+ cells remained an independent favourable prognostic factor in right-sided tumours. Dense infiltration of FoxP3+ cells was an independent favourable prognostic factor for tumours in the rectum (HR = 0.54, 95% CI 0.30-0.99), but not in the right or left colon. Infiltration of CD56+ cells did not carry any independent prognostic impact after stratifying for primary tumour site. Conclusions: The results from this study demonstrate that the prognostic impact of certain T cell subsets in CRC differs by primary tumour site, being most evident in right-sided tumours. These findings indicate that tumour location may be an important factor to take into consideration in therapeutic decisions, including eligibility for immunotherapy.
Dynamic display of CG facial expressions for active human interface (2002)

In order to develop an active human interface that realizes heart-to-heart communication between intelligent machine and human being, we've been undertaking the investigation of method for improving the sensibility or "KANSEI" communication by using facial expressions. To express 6 basic facial expressions dynamically by computer graphics (CG) in a similar manner to that in human being, we develop the method of dynamic control of the movement of grid points of wire frame model of human face by applying a neural network. Using the experimental data obtained from dynamic facial expressions, time-dependent change in the magnitude of AUs needed for expressing each of 6 basic facial expressions is formulated by the neural net mapping technique. And the face components in the wire frame model are dynamically forced to move through the time-dependent AUs, resulting in success to display the dynamic facial expression of 6 basic emotions at the rate of 30 pictures per second.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IEEE 802.15.3c Medium Access Controller Throughput for Phased Array Systems (2007)

This paper studies the impact of phased array antennas directivity onto the throughput performance of WPANs adopting the IEEE 802.15.3 MAC standard in the 60 GHz band. High gain directional transmission is desirable in the 60 GHz band to overcome the high signal attenuation typical of these frequencies and improve the wireless channel reliability in order to achieve data rates up to 5 Gbps. In our antenna system model, directional transmission at both transmitter and receiver side is accomplished through a simplified scheme of direction of arrival estimation and beamsteering. We have implemented the antenna system and the antenna control protocol within 802.15.3 MAC in ns2. Our simulation analysis shows that the accuracy of the antenna pointing direction must increase with the antenna directivity otherwise significant throughput degradation is experienced.
Stochastic Model Predictive Control for Building Climate Control (2013)

In this brief paper, a Stochastic Model Predictive Control formulation tractable for large-scale systems is developed. The proposed formulation combines the use of Affine Disturbance Feedback, a formulation successfully applied in robust control, with a deterministic reformulation of chance constraints. A novel approximation of the resulting stochastic finite horizon optimal control problem targeted at building climate control is introduced to ensure computational tractability. This work provides a systematic approach toward finding a control formulation which is shown to be useful for the application domain of building climate control. The analysis follows two steps: 1) a small-scale example reflecting the basic behavior of a building, but being simple enough for providing insight into the behavior of the considered approaches, is used to choose a suitable formulation; and 2) the chosen formulation is then further analyzed on a large-scale example from the project OptiControl, where people from industry and other research institutions worked together to create building models for realistic controller comparison. The proposed Stochastic Model Predictive Control formulation is compared with a theoretical benchmark and shown to outperform current control practice for buildings.