gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasticity of the sensorimotor cortex representation of the reading finger in Braille readers (1993)

We studied the organization of the somatosensory cortex in proficient Braille readers, recording somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in 10 subjects and using transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in five subjects, and compared the results with those of 15 control subjects. Somatosensory evoked potentials were elicited by a focal electrical stimulus to the tip of the index finger and recorded from a contralateral 4 x 4 grid of scalp electrodes centred around C3' and C4'. Transcranial magnetic stimulation, with an 8-shaped coil centred over the same scalp positions, was delivered simultaneously with, and at different intervals after, the finger stimulus. The results of the right index (reading) finger in Braille readers were compared with those of their left index (non-reading) finger and of the right and left index fingers of the control subjects. The scalp areas from which we recorded N20 and P22 components of the SEP with an amplitude of at least 70% of the maximal amplitude recorded in each trial were significantly larger in SEPs evoked from the reading fingers. Detection of the stimulus applied to the reading finger was blocked by TMS delivered over a larger contralateral scalp area and during a longer time window after the stimulus. These experiments suggest that reading Braille is associated with expansion of the sensorimotor cortical representation of the reading finger.
Element for wideband and very wide-angle phased arrays (2002)

An array element capable of operating over a 44% bandwidth and a scan volume of /spl plusmn/70/spl deg/ is presented. The element is a tapered slot type of element comprised of only one metal fin and no dielectric and fed by a coaxial cable. A recently developed numerical unit cell technique in the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method is used for the analysis.
The Extreme East (1904)

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<title>Use Of An Interference Contrast Microscope In A Coherent Optical Processor</title> (1979)

A method of inputting microscopic phase objects into a coherent optical pattern recognition system is described. The method consists of directing a laser beam into an interference contrast microscope to produce an enlarged, coherent image of the specimen. The system has the advantage of presenting high contrast, dark field images to the correlator without the need of additional pre-processing for image enhancement. Applications to diatom recognition are shown.© (1979) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Polyurea vs Polyurethane & Polyurethane/Polyurea: What's the Difference? (2004)

The polyurea elastomer coating / lining technology has shown some very significant inroads since the introduction of the technology back in the late 1980’s. Initially, the polyurea technology had set itself in a different class of coating / lining systems as compared to conventional urethane coating / lining systems. This has been primarily due to the unique characteristics of the technology, both in processing and performance. However; over the years there has been a melding of the various technologies, and many have now classified or implied that polyureas are the same as urethane and/or urethane/urea systems. There is now a new class of polyurea systems that have different processing characteristics and some feel that these are not polyurea systems at all. “They can’t be” people say since you don’t need the high-pressure plural component processing equipment for application. This has led to some reluctance on the part of engineers and specifiers to confidently specify polyurea systems for projects. As a result, there is some major confusion as to what classifies a system as a polyurea and, what is not. This paper will take a look at the polyurea technology, formulation basics; and, compare that to what a polyurethane and polyurethane/polyurea system is, along with some performance issues.
Query translation scheme for heterogeneous XML data sources (2005)

In order to formulate a meaningful XML query, a user must have some knowledge of the schema of the XML documents to be queried. The query will succeed only if the schema of the actual documents is consistent with the user's information. When a user queries a collection of documents collected from heterogeneous XML data sources, there is a high possibility that these documents do not all conform to the same schema assumed by the user, thus causing the query to fail. In this paper, we try to solve this query and data schema mismatching problem by proposing a query translation scheme. Without attempting to solve the general problem of schema integration, we present an inclusion mapping algorithm that decides how compatible the schema of the query and the schema of the target XML documents are. Based upon the compatibility, the query will be executed directly, or translated according to the target schema and then executed, or rejected.
Crystallographic analysis of endogenous peptides associated with HLA-DR1 suggests a common, polyproline II-like conformation for bound peptides. (1996)

The structure of the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecule HLA-DR1 derived from the human lymphoblastoid cell line LG-2 has been determined in a complex with the Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin B superantigen. The HLA-DR1 molecule contains a mixture of endogenous peptides derived from cellular or serum proteins bound in the antigen-binding site, which copurify with the class II molecule. Continuous electron density for 13 amino acid residues is observed in the MHC peptide-binding site, suggesting that this is the core length of peptide that forms common interactions with the MHC molecule. Electron density is also observed for side chains of the endogenous peptides. The electron density corresponding to peptide side chains that interact with the DR1-binding site is more clearly defined than the electron density that extends out of the binding site. The regions of the endogenous peptides that interact with DRI are therefore either more restricted in conformation or sequence than the peptide side chains or amino acids that project out of the peptide-binding site. The hydrogen-bond interactions and conformation of a peptide model built into the electron density are similar to other HLA-DR-peptide structures. The bound peptides assume a regular conformation that is similar to a polyproline type II helix. The side-chain pockets and conserved asparagine residues of the DR1 molecule are well-positioned to interact with peptides in the polyproline type II conformation and may restrict the range of acceptable peptide conformations.
Probing interactions between Rydberg atoms with large electric dipole moments in amplitude-modulated electric fields (2015)

Dipole-dipole interactions between helium atoms in Rydberg-Stark states with principal quantum number $n=53$ and approximately linear Stark energy shifts, resulting from induced electric dipole moments of approximately 7900 D, have been investigated experimentally. The experiments were performed in pulsed supersonic metastable helium beams, with particle number densities of up to $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{9}\phantom{\rule{4pt}{0ex}}{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$. In the presence of amplitude-modulated, radio-frequency electric fields, changes in the spectral intensity distributions associated with the transitions to these states that are attributed to dipole-dipole interactions within the ensembles of excited atoms have been observed. The experimental results are in excellent agreement with calculations of the Rydberg energy level structure carried out using Floquet methods, and excitations shared by up to four atoms. The use of these Rydberg-Stark states as sensors for nonresonant broadband radio-frequency electrical noise is also discussed.
Optimum design of spherical retroreflectors with refractive indices close to 2.0 (1996)

Spherical retroreflectors are customarily constructed of cemented hemispheres made from conventional glasses. With the recent availability of glass with a refractive index close to 2 the possibility exists of making such a reflector out of a simple sphere. A refractive index of exactly 2.0 is optimum for reflecting a beam of zero width. For finite beam widths, better overall performance is obtained with an index slightly less than 2.0.
Streaming technology in 3G mobile communication systems (2001)

Third-generation (3G) mobile communication systems combine standardized streaming with a range of unique services to provide high-quality Internet content that meets the specific needs of the rapidly growing mobile market.
Enhancement of the endogenous cytokinin concentration in poplar by transformation with Agrobacterium T-DNA gene ipt (1994)

23 ref.
Racemisation of 1-Arylethylamines with Shvo-type Organoruthenium Catalysts (2014)

Variation of the electronic nature of the tetraphenyl­cyclopentadienone ligand in organoruthenium complexes influences their utility for racemisation of model chiral amines. Our study highlights the need to balance reactivity and selectivity in the design of racemisation catalysts. Electron-poor Shvo-type catalysts are, at first sight, more effective for racemisation, but yield more by-product; electron-rich complexes are less proficient at racemisation, but lead to less by-product.
Building a Game-Changing Talent Strategy (2014)

When most of the world's financial services giants were stumbling and retrenching in the aftermath of the 2008 recession, the asset management firm BlackRock was busy charting a course for growth. Its revenues, profits, and stock price all performed consistently through this tumultuous period. The authors looked at BlackRock and other game-changing companies--the Mumbai-based global conglomerate Tata Group, and Envision, an entrepreneurial alternative energy company based in China--and found significant commonalities. These three companies demonstrate the essential attributes of a game-changing organization: They are driven by purpose, oriented toward performance, and guided by principles. In the process of conducting interviews with these companies, the authors discovered a fourth thread that weaves them even more tightly together: Each is supported by a game-changing talent strategy. But, they write, the path to such a strategy seems rife with complexity and ambiguity. How can both strategy and execution be consistently superior? How can they support a collective culture yet enable high potentials to thrive as individuals? How can the strategy be global and local at the same time? And how can its policies endure yet be agile and constantly open to revitalization? BlackRock's approach provides the answers. INSETS: ENVISION ENERGY;TATA GROUP;DO YOU HAVE A GAME-CHANGING TALENT STRATEGY?
Effects of Lignins on Antioxidant Biodiesel Production in Supercritical Methanol (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTEffects of Lignins on Antioxidant Biodiesel Production in Supercritical MethanolShimin Kang, Xianglan Li, Biao Li, Juan Fan, and Jie Chang*View Author Information Pulp and Paper Engineering State Key Laboratory, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510640, People's Republic of ChinaE-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Energy Fuels 2011, 25, 6, 2746–2748Publication Date (Web):May 31, 2011Publication History Received19 March 2011Revised31 May 2011Published online2 June 2011Published inissue 16 June 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ef2004249https://doi.org/10.1021/ef2004249rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views618Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aromatic compounds,Biodiesel,Biopolymers,Organic polymers Get e-Alerts
Evaluating the control of the adaptive display rate for video capsule endoscopy diagnosis (2009)

The excessively long reviewing times for diagnosis of capsule endoscopy present a clinical problem. A new method, ldquoadaptive speedrdquo, which automatically controls display rates of the video capsule endoscopy images, was proposed to address the problem. In this paper, we investigate the effectiveness of this method versus a standard-view using the existing system. The main activities of examining doctors during a series of evaluations using both systems are recorded. For comparisons, logged actions are analyzed to show three criteria: 1. Diagnostic time, 2. Ability to capture abnormal regions, and 3. Operability for the examining doctors. We conclude that adaptive speed reduces examination time by ten minutes from that of the existing system, while the number of abnormalities found are similar. As well, examining doctors need less effort because of the systems efficient operability.
The effects of hydrogen peroxide on steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig tumor cells (1993)

It has previously been reported that treatment of rat luteal cells and human granulosa luteal cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) results in a significant inhibition of steroid production. The mechanism of inhibition in the former was found to be at the level of cholesterol transport into the mitochondria, whereas in the latter it was found to be a result of inhibition of one or more enzymes in the steroidogenic pathway. In the present study we examined the effects of H2O2 on hormone-stimulated steroid production in another steroidogenic cell type, the Leydig cell. Our results demonstrate that treatment of either LH- or cAMP analog [(Bu)2cAMP]-stimulated MA-10 mouse Leydig tumor cells with H2O2 results in a dose-dependent inhibition of the production of progesterone (the major steroid produced in MA-10 cells). It was also observed that similar concentrations of H2O2 resulted in a significant inhibition of protein synthesis, a finding which could in part be responsible for the observed decrease in steroid production. Furthermore, although H2O2 resulted in a dose-dependent inhibition of (Bu)2cAMP-stimulated pregnenolone production, addition of the hydroxylated intermediate 22R-hydroxycholesterol and inhibitors of further pregnenolone metabolism demonstrated that cholesterol side-chain cleavage complex activity was unaffected by H2O2. Conversely, incubation of H2O2-treated cells in the presence of pregnenolone resulted in a very significant inhibition of progesterone synthesis. These data indicate that H2O2 inhibits steroidogenesis in Leydig tumor cells primarily by inhibiting the activity of the 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, but that other effects of H2O2 such as inhibition of protein synthesis and the transfer of cholesterol to the cholesterol side-chain cleavage complex may also be involved.
Biosynthesis of long-chain dicarboxylic acid monomers from renewable resources. Final technical report (1999)

No abstract prepared.
The structure of a plasmid of <i>Chlamydia trachomatis</i> believed to be required for growth within mammalian cells (1988)

Sequence analysis of a 7.5 kb DNA plasmid isolated from Chlamydia trachomatis shows 8 open reading frames (ORFs) regularly spaced along most of the sequence. One of these ORFs encodes a 451-amino-acid polypeptide highly homologous to the DnaB protein of Escherichia coli. A region between ORFs 6 and 7 contains a cluster of alternating ATs and a 22 bp sequence tandemly repeated 4 times, suggesting a replication control region. Several ORFs correspond to plasmid-specific polypeptides that have been described. Codons ending with A or T are more frequent, as might be expected from the high A/T content (64%) of the plasmid, and codon usage is similar to that of the C. trachomatis chromosomal gene, omp1L2.
Temperature-dependent electron-lattice thermalization in GaAs (1999)

Thermalization of hot electron with the lattice is precisely investigated in bulk GaAs in the temperature range 50--300 K using a high-sensitivity two-color femtosecond absorption saturation technique. The results show that for lattice temperatures larger than 100 K, the photoexcited electron gas eventually thermalizes with the lattice with a characteristic time close to the LO phonon lifetime as a consequence of the nonequilibrium hot-phonon effect. For lower temperatures, the electron-lattice thermalization time is found to be longer than the LO phonon lifetime in agreement with numerical simulations of the coupled carrier-LO phonon dynamics.
A hybrid magnetic core–shell fibrous silica nanocomposite for a chemosensor-based highly effective fluorescent detection of Cu(<scp>ii</scp>) (2017)

Herein, a novel hybrid magnetic core–shell fibrous silica nanocomposite (RhB–Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/MnO<sub>2</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub>/KCC-1) probe-based chemosensor was designed and its behaviour towards Cu(<sc>ii</sc>) metal ion was investigated using a fluorescence spectrometer.
Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Film Surface Functionalization with 2‐Bromoisobutyryl Bromide as Initiator for Surface‐Initiated Atom‐Transfer Radical Polymerization (2007)

Abstract A PTFE film surface was modified using a combined plasma/ozone‐activated process. The modified PTFE film was further reacted with 2‐bromoisobutyryl bromide to incorporate ATRP initiators in the film surface. Surface‐initiated ATRP on PTFE films was performed using sodium styrene sulfate as a monomer. The poly(sodium styrene sulfate) chain length grafted onto PTFE film surfaces increased with increasing reaction time. Analysis using X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy and a contact angle analyzer gave evidence of the success of the PTFE surface modifications. magnified image
An orthotopic mouse model of remetastasis of human colon cancer liver metastasis. (2000)

Whether liver metastases from colon cancer are capable of metastasizing to other sites is an important question in surgical oncology. To answer this question, we have developed a highly metastatic orthotopic transplant model of a liver metastasis from a human colon cancer patient in nude mice that targets the liver and lymph nodes. The metastatic human tumor was transplanted in athymic nude mice by surgical orthotopic implantation (SOI) of a liver metastasis from a colon cancer patient. The human colon tumor was then subsequently implanted in the colon by SOI or, in an additional series of nude mice, in the liver by surgical hepatic implantation (SHI). The mice were then explored over time for lymph node involvement beginning 10 days after implantation. After SOI, 100% of the animals had liver metastasis within 10 days, and subsequently, 19 days after SOI, all lymph nodes draining the liver were involved with metastasis without any retroperitoneal or lung tissue involvement. After SHI, all sites of lymphatic drainage of the liver, including portal, celiac, and mediastinal lymph nodes, were massively involved by metastasis in 100% of the animals as early as 10 days after tumor implantation on the liver. The results of this study demonstrate that liver metastases from colon cancer are capable of remetastasizing to other sites. This study thus suggests that in colon cancer patients with liver metastasis, mediastinal, celiac, and portal lymph node metastases originate from the liver metastasis and not, as previously thought, from primary colon cancer.
Single-pulse laser beam quality measurements using a CCD camera system (1992)

We have assembled a CCD camera-based system that is capable of measuring laser beam quality on a single-shot pulsed basis. The system has been tested by using a He-Ne laser beam with added spatial distortion.
Clathrin-dependent endocytosis (2004)

The process by which clathrin-coated vesicles are produced involves interactions of multifunctional adaptor proteins with the plasma membrane, as well as with clathrin and several accessory proteins and phosphoinositides. Here we review recent findings highlighting new insights into mechanisms underlying clathrin-dependent endocytosis.
The Effect of Hydroxide Ion on Cd‐Chalcogenide/Aqueous Polysulfide Photoelectrochemical Cells (1985)

Alkali hydroxide, added to the aqueous polysulfide electrolyte in n‐Cd photoelectrochemical solar cells (PEC's), is shown to be detrimental to cell performance. It is demonstrated that the added hydroxide increases visible light absorbtion in the polysulfide solution and decreases the solution lifetime. Even after compensation for the decrease in light transmission by the electrolyte, added hydroxide is shown to decrease the PEC photocurrent, photovoltage, and optical‐to‐electrical conversion efficiency. In a cell of 1 cm path length, the transmittance at 580 nm, for solutions containing , 3m sulfur, and , was, respectively, 66, 55, 44, and 37.5%. Analysis of the distribution of ionic species reveals a shift from to with increasing hydroxide. Compared to , the peak absorbance of is shifted 50 nm toward the visible, causing the variation in solution spectral response with hydroxide. K+ activity measurements were interpreted as indicative of increasing ion pairing with increased added hydroxide which may adversely effect charge‐transfer kinetics. A measured negative shift in polysulfide redox potential with increasing hydroxide is evidently not paralleled by a comparable shift in flatband potential, resulting in the observed decrease in open‐circuit voltage. Relative conversion efficiency for an electroplated thin film electrode was 36% less in polysulfide with compared to the PEC without added . The electrode immersed in 2/2/2, 2/2/3, 0/2/3, or 0/1.3/2 (molality ) exhibited conversion efficiencies of 4.72, 4.80, 5.24, and 5.44, respectively, at 100 mW/cm2 tungsten‐halogen lamp illumination.
Compact bipolar plate-free direct methanol fuel cell stacks (2011)

Fuel cells with a PtAu/C anode and a Pr-doped Mn2O3/C cathode were stacked without using a bipolar plate, and their discharge properties were investigated in a methanol aqueous solution bubbled with air. A three-cell stack exhibited a stack voltage of 2330 mV and a power output of 21 mW.
Colloidal processing and CO2-capture performance of hierarchically porous Al2O3-zeolite 13X composites (2012)

Hierarchically porous composites for CO2-capture have been produced by coating the inner walls of foam-like macroporous alumina monoliths, produced by templated synthesis, with microporous zeolite ...