gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation by Low-Pressure Column Chromatography (1998)

In the 90 yr since the discovery of chromatography, tremendous advances have been realized. It is not the scope of this chapter to review the history or theory of liquid chromatography. The reference section lists a number of good books to that effect (1–6). The goal of this chapter is to illustrate the technique of liquid chromatography as it applies to the isolation of natural products. A brief review of the theoretical basis for the various applicable separation mechanisms and column packings will be presented, followed by practical recommendations and examples of natural products isolations.
NURBS-based Inverse Reflector Design (2008)

Commonly used direct rendering techniques simulate light transport for a complete scene, specified in terms of light sources, geometry, materials, participating media, etc. On the other hand, inverse rendering problems take as input a desired light distribution and try to find the unknown parts of the scene needed to get such light field. The latter kind, where inverse reflector design is included, is traditionally solved by simulation optimization methods, due to the high complexity of the inverse problem. In this paper we present an inverse reflector design method which handles surfaces as NURBS and simulates accurately the light transport by means of a modified photon mapping algorithm. The proposed method is based on an optimization method, called pattern search, in order to compute the reflector needed to generate a target near light field. Some assumptions are determined in order to reduce the complexity of the problem, such as a rotationally symmetric reflector or its perfectly specular reflective behavior. The optimization method specifies the reflector shape by handling a NURBS curve as a generatrix, sequentially modifying the position and weights of its control points in order to obtain the reflector solution. Areas of applications of inverse reflector design span from architectural lighting design to car headlamps design
Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzyme UBE2C Is Highly Expressed in Breast Microcalcification Lesions (2014)

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme 2C (UBE2C) contributes to ubiquitin-mediated proteasome degradation of cell cycle progression in breast cancer. Microcalcification (MC) is the most common mammographic feature of early breast cancer. In this study, we evaluated whether UBE2C could be a tumor marker of early breast cancer with MC found on screening mammography. UBE2C protein and mRNA expression were measured in breast core biopsy pairs of MC and adjacent non-MC breast tissue from each subject. Immunohistochemistry revealed UBE2C positivity in 69.4% of MC samples and 77.6% negativity in non-MC samples (p<0.0001). On RT-qPCR, 56.1% of malignant MC lesion samples showed high mRNA level of UBE2C and 80% of benign MC lesion samples showed a low level of UBE2C (p = 0.1766). We investigated the carcinogenic role of UBE2C in MCF-7 breast cancer cells with UBE2C knockdown; UBE2C knockdown downregulated cell proliferation and activated the cellular apoptosis pathway to inhibit cell colony formation. Furthermore, UBE2C expression was associated with that of carcinogenic genes human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2), cellular c-Ki-ras2 proto-oncogene (KRAS), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CXC chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4), C-C motif chemokine 5 (CCL5), neural precursor cell expressed, developmentally downregulated 9 (NEDD9) and Ras homolog family member C (RhoC). UBE2C may be a marker for diagnosis of nonpalpable breast lesions but not benign or malignant tumors in mammography core biopsies. Suppression of UBE2C may be a potential therapy target in breast cancer.
Technetium(I) isocyamide complexes with bidentate aromatic amine ligands: structural characterization of [Tc(CN-tert-Bu)4(bpy)]PF6, a complex with "Tc(III) character" (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTechnetium(I) isocyamide complexes with bidentate aromatic amine ligands: structural characterization of [Tc(CN-tert-Bu)4(bpy)]PF6, a complex with "Tc(III) character"Lynne A. O'Connell, John Dewan, Alun G. Jones, and Alan DavisonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1990, 29, 18, 3539–3547Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00343a049Request reuse permissionsArticle Views120Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Possible heterogeneity in the segregation pattern of breast cancer in families with bilateral breast cancer (1988)

We investigated the segregation pattern of breast cancer in families with bilateral breast cancer, classifying families with respect to menopausal status (premenopausal versus postmenopausal) and the interval between diagnosis of the two primary tumors in the probands. Probands were "synchronous" if both primaries were diagnosed within 1 year; "asynchronous" if the interval was at least 2 years. Results for four complex segregation analyses are here presented; the findings support heterogeneity in the transmission of breast cancer. In the asynchronous premenopausal-cases-only analysis, a dominant Mendelian gene can explain the breast cancer pattern. A recessive gene is sufficient to describe the breast cancer distribution in the synchronous premenopausal-cases-only analysis. The synchronous all-cases and the asynchronous all-cases analyses add postmenopausal cases of breast cancer to the premenopausal ones, considering any case to be affected. In the asynchronous all-cases analysis, neither the single-locus model nor the mixed model (that is, a major locus plus other factors, genetic and/or cultural) without generation differences in heritability can be rejected by the unrestricted mixed model with generation differences in heritability. For the synchronous all-cases analysis, a mixed model with generation differences in heritability is necessary to explain the breast cancer transmission. Potential sources of error and possible interpretations are discussed.
Amorphous selenium direct detection CMOS digital x-ray imager with 25 micron pixel pitch (2014)

ABSTRACT We have developed a high resolution amorphous selenium (a-Se) direct detection imager using a large-areacompatible back-end fabrication process on top of a CMOS active pixel sensor having 25 micron pixel pitch.Integration of a-Se with CMOS technology requires overcoming CMOS/a-Se interfacial strain, which initiatesnucleation of crystalline selenium and results in high detector dark currents. A CMOS-compatible polyimidebu er layer was used to planarize the backplane and provide a low stress and thermally stable surface for a-Se.The bu er layer inhibits crystallization and provides detector stability that is not only a performance factor butalso critical for favorable long term cost-bene t considerations in the application of CMOS digital x-ray imagersin medical practice. The detector structure is comprised of a polyimide (PI) bu er layer, the a-Se layer, and agold (Au) top electrode. The PI layer is applied by spin-coating and is patterned using dry etching to open thebackplane bond pads for wire bonding. Thermal evaporation is used to deposit the a-Se and Au layers, and thedetector is operated in hole collection mode (i.e. a positive bias on the Au top electrode).High resolution a-Se diagnostic systems typically use 70 to 100  m pixel pitch and have a pre-samplingmodulation transfer function (MTF) that is signi cantly limited by the pixel aperture. Our results con rm that,for a densely integrated 25  m pixel pitch CMOS array, the MTF approaches the fundamental material limit,i.e. where the MTF begins to be limited by the a-Se material properties and not the pixel aperture. Preliminaryimages demonstrating high spatial resolution have been obtained from a rst prototype imager.Keywords: x-ray imaging, high spatial resolution, amorphous selenium, CMOS, CMOS-selenium, array pro-cessing, direct conversion, at panel imaging
Centromere-tethered Mps1 pombe homolog (Mph1) kinase is a sufficient marker for recruitment of the spindle checkpoint protein Bub1, but not Mad1 (2011)

The spindle checkpoint delays the onset of anaphase until all of the chromosomes properly achieve bipolar attachment to the spindle. It has been shown that unattached kinetochores are the site that emits a signal for activation of the checkpoint. Although the components of the checkpoint such as Bub1, Mad1 and Mad2 selectively accumulate at unattached kinetochores, the answer to how they recognize unattached kinetochores has remained elusive. Mps1 pombe homolog (Mph1) kinase has been shown to function upstream of most of the components of the checkpoint and thus it is thought to recognize unattached kinetochores by itself and recruit other components. In this study we have expressed a fusion protein of Mph1 and Ndc80 (a kinetochore protein of the outer plate) and shown that the fusion protein arrests cell cycle progression in a spindle-checkpoint\x{2013}dependent manner in fission yeast. When expression of Mad2 is turned off, the cells grow normally with Mph1 constitutively localized at centromeres/kinetochores. Under this condition, Bub1 can be found with Mph1 throughout the cell cycle, indicating that localization of Mph1 at centromeres/kinetochores is sufficient to recruit Bub1. In contrast, Mad1 is found to transiently localize at kinetochores, which are presumably unattached to the spindle, but soon it dissociates from kinetochores. We propose that Mph1 is a sufficient marker for recruitment of Bub1. Mad1, in contrast, requires an additional condition/component for stable association with kinetochores.
Change-point Problem and Regression: An Annotated Bibliography (2008)

The problems of identifying changes at unknown times and of estimating the location of changes in stochastic processes are referred to as "the change-point problem" or, in the Eastern literature, as "disorder".\nThe change-point problem, first introduced in the quality control context, has since developed into a fundamental problem in the areas of statistical control theory, stationarity of a stochastic process, estimation of the current position of a time series, testing and estimation of change in the patterns of a regression model, and most recently in the comparison and matching of DNA sequences in microarray data analysis.\nNumerous methodological approaches have been implemented in examining change-point models. Maximum-likelihood estimation, Bayesian estimation, isotonic regression, piecewise regression, quasi-likelihood and non-parametric regression are among the methods which have been applied to resolving challenges in change-point problems. Grid-searching approaches have also been used to examine the change-point problem.\nStatistical analysis of change-point problems depends on the method of data collection. If the data collection is ongoing until some random time, then the appropriate statistical procedure is called sequential. If, however, a large finite set of data is collected with the purpose of determining if at least one change-point occurred, then this may be referred to as non-sequential. Not surprisingly, both the former and the latter have a rich literature with much of the earlier work focusing on sequential methods inspired by applications in quality control for industrial processes. In the regression literature, the change-point model is also referred to as two- or multiple-phase regression, switching regression, segmented regression, two-stage least squares (Shaban, 1980), or broken-line regression.\nThe area of the change-point problem has been the subject of intensive research in the past half-century. The subject has evolved considerably and found applications in many different areas. It seems rather impossible to summarize all of the research carried out over the past 50 years on the change-point problem. We have therefore confined ourselves to those articles on change-point problems which pertain to regression.\nThe important branch of sequential procedures in change-point problems has been left out entirely. We refer the readers to the seminal review papers by Lai (1995, 2001). The so called structural change models, which occupy a considerable portion of the research in the area of change-point, particularly among econometricians, have not been fully considered. We refer the reader to Perron (2005) for an updated review in this area. Articles on change-point in time series are considered only if the methodologies presented in the paper pertain to regression analysis.
Efficient Testing of Service-Oriented Applications Using Semantic Service Stubs (2009)

Service-oriented applications can be expensive to test because services are hosted remotely, are potentially shared among many users, and may have costs associated with their invocation. In this paper, we present an approach for reducing the costs of testing such applications. The key observation underlying our approach is that certain aspects of an application can be tested using locally deployed semantic service stubs, instead of actual remote services.A semantic service stub incorporates some of the service functionality, such as verifying preconditions and generating output messages based on post conditions. We illustrate how semantic stubs can enable the client test suite to be partitioned into subsets, some of which need not be executed using remote services. We also present a case study that demonstrates the feasibility of the approach, and potential cost savings for testing. The main benefits of our approach are that it can (1) reduce the number of test cases that need to be run to invoke remote services, (2) ensure that certain aspects of application functionality are well-tested before service integration occurs.
STUDIES ON ELECTROGENERATION, INSITU ELECTROCHEMISTRY AND SPECTROELECTROCHEMISTRY OF ALKYL COBALT PORPHYRIN (1992)

Methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and n-butyl cobalt porphyrins were electrochemically synthesized and studied byIn-situ cyclic voltammetry and UV-Visible spectro-el ectrochemistry. Rate constants for the alkylations were determined. It was found that the four alkyl saturated tetraphenylchlorin cobalt complexes were formed after electrochemical reduction of the alkyl cobalt porphyrins.
Self-assembling ferroelectric Na0.5K0.5NbO3 thin films by pulsed-laser deposition (1999)

Highly [100]-axis oriented single-phase Na0.5K0.5NbO3 (NKN) thin films have been grown on polycrystalline Pt80Ir20 (Pt) and SiO2 (native oxide)/Si (111) substrates using KrF excimer laser ablation of a stoichiometric ceramic target. X-ray diffraction θ–2θ scan and rocking curve data are evidence of the strong effect of film self-assembling along the [100] direction regardless of the substrate texture. Furthermore, multiple-cell structuring along the polar axis has been observed in NKN films grown onto the Pt substrate. Ferroelectric measurements yield remnant polarization Pr of 10 μC/cm2 and spontaneous polarization Ps of 17.5 μC/cm2 at 80 kV/cm. The electrical resistivity of the Na0.5K0.5NbO3 film was in the order of 1010 Ω cm at 10 kV/cm. Dielectric permittivity ε′ and dissipation factor tan δ have been found to vary 480–440 and 0.028–0.024, respectively, in the frequency range 0.4–100 kHz.
Simulating Business Process Scenarios for Event-Based Systems (2007)

Today's networked business environment requires systems which are adaptive and easy to integrate.Event-based systems have been developed and used to control business processes with loosely coupled systems.Research and product development focused so far on efficiency issues, but neglected simulation support to build robust and efficient event-driven applications.In this paper, we propose a simulation model that allows imitating real-world operations of business processes in order to improve efficiency and effectiveness of event-based systems.Our approach uses discrete eventsimulation and a graphical model for defining event sequences for business process scenarios.For better handling the complexity and variability of business processes, we use a hybrid simulation approach, which is able to combine various ways to compose event sequences and generate representative event data.As an example, we show how annotated WS-BPEL process descriptions can be used to automatically generate event sequences representing typical process execution paths for simulation purposes.
43. Aryl-2-halogenoalkylamines. Part I (1949)

W. C. J. Ross, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 183 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490000183
Real‐time scheduling of electric vehicles charging in low‐voltage residential distribution systems to minimise power losses and improve voltage profile (2014)

Unscheduled charging of plenty of electric vehicles (EVs) might exert an adverse effect on the existing power grid, especially when the charging coincides with daily peak load at distribution level. In this study, a scalable real‐time scheduling scheme for EV charging in low‐voltage residential distribution system is proposed. Since most often, voltage drop would become a binding constraint when a distribution feeder is subject to a high EV penetration level, a scheduling method is first developed to increase the voltage safety margin. Then, a novel factor is derived to allow the scheduling to shift from voltage‐safety‐oriented to loss‐minimisation‐oriented, or vice versa, on demand of the EV penetration level. A number of charging scenarios were simulated to evaluate the proposed scheduling scheme. Simulation results verified that the proposed scheduling scheme is fast and efficient with circuit losses close to optimal at a low EV penetration level and voltage drops maintained within the tolerable limit at a high EV penetration level. The high scalability and effectiveness of the proposed scheme has made it suitable for coordinating large number of EV charging activities in real‐time.
Surface enhanced infrared absorption of octadecanethiol on wet-chemically prepared Au nanoparticle films (2006)

Surface enhanced infrared absorption of adsorbates on wet-chemically prepared Au islands was investigated using octadecanethiol as adsorbate. The preparation was done by letting Au nanoparticles adsorb on an oxidized silicon wafer surface followed by wet-chemically increasing the size of the Au nanoparticles. The surface enhanced infrared spectrum was measured in transmission geometry at normal incidence. Comparing the size of the antisymmetric CH2 stretch absorption of adsorbates on Au islands to the corresponding infrared reflection absorption signal on a 40nm thick smooth Au film gives an enhancement factor of about 2000.
Hippo signaling pathway in mammals：a new therapeutic target for tumors (2012)

Hippo signaling pathway was first discovered in Drosophila as regulator of cell proliferation and apoptosis during development. It has been widely reported that Hippo signaling pathway plays an essential role in embryonic differentiation, pattern formation and adult cell homeostasis. Furthermore, Hippo signaling has close correlation with Wnt and Notch signaling pathways, and has an important effect on tumor initiation and progression. Recent studies have shown that the Drosophila Hippo signaling pathway is highly conserved over evolutionary time, the mammalian Hippo signaling pathway has been implicated in regulating cell contact inhibition, organsize and tumorigenesis. This review firstly focuses on the composition, regulatory mechanism and physiological functions of mammalian Hippo signaling pathway, and then lists the relationship with other signaling pathways and protein factors, and tumors in mammals. Finally, the therapeutic approaches to targeting Hippo signaling pathway components or regulators have also been summarized, which might be beneficial to tumor therapeutic intervention.
Unreliability of Current Serum Fibrin Degradation Product (FDP) Assays (1985)

Previously, assays of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products (FDP) had to be performed on serum samples. However, monoclonal antibodies (Mabs) are now available which permit the measurement of FDP directly in plasma. We have employed two Mabs, one monospecific for FDP originating from crosslinked fibrin and another panspecific for the FDP fraction, to determine normal FDP levels in plasma and serum. The monospecific Mab gave a value of 40 ng FDP/ml in plasma and 10 ng/ml in serum, while the serum level of FDP recorded using the panspecific Mab was greater than 1000 ng/ml, at all the concentrations of thrombin employed. Similarly, when a solution of purified fibrinogen was treated with thrombin, the concentration of FDP present in the clot supernatant was greater than 1000 ng/ml when assayed using the panspecific Mab. Thus during serum preparation as much as 75% of the native FDP is incorporated into the clot while in excess of 1000 ng/ml of laboratory generated FDP, probably incompletely polymerized fibrin, is measured using panspecific antisera. These data indicate that current FDP assays using polyclonal antibodies are not a reliable reflection of the FDP level generated in vivo. The use of FDP-specific Mabs which do not react with fibrinogen is recommended for future FDP assays performed directly on plasma.
Magnetic coupled spin-torque devices and magnetic ring oscillator (2008)

The magnetic coupled spin-torque device (MCSTD) is a new spintronics device architecture that is free from difficulties in spin transport and detection and uses spin torque transfer and magnetic coupling to modulate its energy barrier. Asymmetric energy barrier height ratios of 7:1 and spin current density reduction up to 40% are achieved. Device switching speed, inversion capability, fanout and new interconnection techniques are presented. NAND, NOR, NOT operations and a three stage MCSTD ring oscillator are demonstrated with micromagnetic simulations to estimate realistic device speed and power consumption.