gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid and robust MALDI-TOF MS techniques for microbial identification: a brief overview of their diverse applications (2018)

in mass spectrometry have enabled the investigation of various biological systems by directly analyzing diverse sets of biomolecules (i.e., proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates), thus making a significant impact on the life sciences field. Over the past decade, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been widely utilized as a rapid and reliable method for the identification of microorganisms. MALDI-TOF MS has come into widespread use despite its relatively low resolving power (full width at half maximum, FWHM: < 5,000) and its incompatibility with tandem MS analysis, features with which other high-resolution mass spectrometers are equipped. Microbial identification is achieved by searching databases containing mass spectra of peptides and proteins extracted from microorganisms of interest, using scoring algorithms to match analyzed spectra with reference spectra. In this paper, we give a brief overview of the diverse applications of rapid and robust MALDI-TOF MS-based techniques for microbial identification in a variety of fields, such as clinical diagnosis and environmental and food monitoring. We also describe the fundamental principles of MALDI-TOF MS. The general specifications of the two major MS-based microbial identification systems available in the global market (BioTyper® and VITEK® MS Plus) and the distribution of these instruments in Republic of Korea are also discussed. The current review provides an understanding of this emerging microbial identification and classification technology and will help bacteriologists and cell biologists take advantage of this powerful technique.
Prevention of Pain on Injection with Propofol: A Quantitative Systematic Review (2000)

IV lidocaine (0.5 mg/kg) should be given with a rubber tourniquet on the forearm, 30 to 120 s before the injection of propofol; lidocaine will prevent pain in approximately 60% of the patients treated in this manner.
Study on High Thermal Conductivity of X-ray Anode with Composite Diamond Substrate (2019)

Abstract The thermal loading capacity of the anode of a micro-focus X-ray source is an important factor to limit the output power. In this paper, a composite reflective anode model with a thick film diamond layer as the target substrate of X-ray source was proposed. With the advantage of high thermal conductivity of the diamond film, the heat accumulated in a micro-focus area can be quickly output, to improve the thermal loading capacity of the anode. A composite anode with diamond substrate was modeled and simulated with the finite element analysis method. By studying the principle of high thermal conductivity of composite anode in the numerical simulation and comparing the composite anode with copper substrate anode, the essential causes of the high thermal conductivity of the anode with diamond substrate were identified. The relevant technical parameters were obtained in the simulation and comparison, which can be used for the design of anode of micro-focus X-ray sources.
An extensive outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning due to low-fat milk in Japan: estimation of enterotoxin A in the incriminated milk and powdered skim milk (2003)

An extensive outbreak of staphylococcal food poisoning occurred in Kansai district in Japan. As many as 13,420 cases frequently ingested dairy products manufactured by a factory in Osaka City. The main ingredient of these dairy products was powdered skim milk manufactured by a factory in Hokkaido. Staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) (< or = 0.38 ng/ml) was detected in low-fat milk and approx. 3.7 ng/g in powdered skim milk. The total intake of SEA per capita was estimated mostly at approx. 20-100 ng. The assumed attack rate was considerably lower than those reported in previous outbreaks. SEA exposed at least twice to pasteurization at 130 degrees C for 4 or 2 s retained both immunological and biological activities, although it had been partially inactivated. The present outbreak was unusual in that the thermal processes had destroyed staphylococci in milk but SEA had retained enough activity to cause intoxication.
Analysis of Latency Performance of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Networks (2014)

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) is a short-range wireless communication technology aiming at low-cost and low-power communication. The performance evaluation of classical Bluetooth device discovery have been intensively studied using analytical modeling and simulative methods, but these techniques are not applicable to BLE, since BLE has a fundamental change in the design of the discovery mechanism, including the usage of three advertising channels. Recently, there several works have analyzed the topic of BLE device discovery, but these studies are still far from thorough. It is thus necessary to develop a new, accurate model for the BLE discovery process. In particular, the wide range settings of the parameters introduce lots of potential for BLE devices to customize their discovery performance. This motivates our study of modeling the BLE discovery process and performing intensive simulation. This paper is focused on building an analytical model to investigate the discovery probability, as well as the expected discovery latency, which are then validated via extensive experiments. Our analysis considers both continuous and discontinuous scanning modes. We analyze the sensitivity of these performance metrics to parameter settings to quantitatively examine to what extent parameters influence the performance metric of the discovery processes.
Contextual Usage-Level Analysis of Mobile Services (2007)

Mobile services are used in a variety of contexts. The present paper studies how different services are used in different contexts. For this, the paper develops a specialized algorithm that can be used together with handset-based usage data acquired straight from handsets. With the algorithm a particular user's context can be divided into home, office and "on the move". The algorithm is further used with exemplary data from Finland and the UK. More than 70% of contextual use cases are correctly classified based on raw data available from handsets. Further improvement potential for the algorithm is discussed, and possible venues for future research identified. According to the exemplary results particularly multimedia services are used "on the move", whereas legacy mobile services experience more evenly distributed usage across all contexts. The combination of usage-level context identification and mobile end-user research with the presented platform holds lots of future potential.
Application of Mobile Phone-Based ECG, Heart-Rate and Physical Activity Monitor for Heart Failure Management (2016)

Heart failure (HF) is the main cause of mortality in North America and it has a significant social and economic cost. As recent studies indicate, there is a relationship between heart rate at discharge time and mortality and hospitalization in patients with HF. Hence, heart rate could be monitored as another clinical indicator in HF patients transitioning from hospital to ambulatory care. Current heart rate monitors mostly have one of the following issues: 1) they are used in clinical setting and lack the user-friendly interface for a continuous monitoring system, 2) or designed to be used as wellness devices and not validated against clinical gold standard systems. This work describes the design, development and evaluation of a wearable heart rate and ECG monitoring system called BeatHR that allows patients to monitor heart rate in an ambulatory setting. BeatHR is able to capture and stream ECG signal and heart rate values in real-time via using a chest patch and a smartphone application. It also allows the user and their clinician to review the heart rate values above a pre-defined threshold, which could be defined based on the user's condition. The BeatHR system was compared to a clinically accepted gold standard, Holter monitor, and was found to generate comparable result overall with Intra-class correlation coefficients as high as 0.954.
Automated Surveillance of Health Care–Associated Infections (2009)

Health care providers, quality advocates, consumers, and legislators are increasingly focused on the prevention of health care-associated infections. Accurate surveillance is essential to identify areas for improvement and to measure the impact of infection prevention initiatives. Conventional surveillance definitions, however, are complicated, costly to apply, and prone to both intentional and unintentional misclassification. Algorithmic analysis of electronic health data is a promising alternative to conventional surveillance. Algorithms that seek combinations of diagnosis codes, microbiological analysis results, and/or antimicrobial dispensing can identify health care-associated infections with sensitivities and positive predictive values that often match or surpass those of conventional surveillance. The efficiency and objectivity of these methods make them promising candidates for more manageable and meaningful benchmarking within and between facilities.
Prediction of speech intelligibility in spatial noise and reverberation for normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners (2006)

Binaural speech intelligibility of individual listeners under realistic conditions was predicted using a model consisting of a gammatone filter bank, an independent equalization-cancellation (EC) process in each frequency band, a gammatone resynthesis, and the speech intelligibility index (SII). Hearing loss was simulated by adding uncorrelated masking noises (according to the pure-tone audiogram) to the ear channels. Speech intelligibility measurements were carried out with 8 normal-hearing and 15 hearing-impaired listeners, collecting speech reception threshold (SRT) data for three different room acoustic conditions (anechoic, office room, cafeteria hall) and eight directions of a single noise source (speech in front). Artificial EC processing errors derived from binaural masking level difference data using pure tones were incorporated into the model. Except for an adjustment of the SII-to-intelligibility mapping function, no model parameter was fitted to the SRT data of this study. The overall correlation coefficient between predicted and observed SRTs was 0.95. The dependence of the SRT of an individual listener on the noise direction and on room acoustics was predicted with a median correlation coefficient of 0.91. The effect of individual hearing impairment was predicted with a median correlation coefficient of 0.95. However, for mild hearing losses the release from masking was overestimated.
Not para-, not peri-, but centric inversion of chromosome 12. (1998)

A 39 year old male with primary infertility was diagnosed as having Klinefelter syndrome by conventional cytogenetic analysis, which also showed an abnormal chromosome 12. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis of the aberrant chromosome using a 12 specific centromeric probe showed a break in the alphoid repeats followed by an inversion within the short arm, resulting in a pseudodicentric chromosome. Further FISH analyses using telomeric and subtelomeric probes showed that the other breakpoint was in the subtelomeric region of the short arm. The karyotype is designated 47,XXY,inv(12)(p10p13.3). To our knowledge this is the first report of a case of "centric inversion".
Proliferation-related expression of p19/nm23 nucleoside diphosphate kinase. (1992)

High level expression of the nm23-H1 gene, which encodes for a nucleoside diphosphate kinase, has been found to correlate with diminished metastasis in some tumors but not in others. We have previously identified the protein product of the nm23-H1 gene in two-dimensional electrophoretic gels and have designated it p19/nm23. In neuroblastoma, higher levels of p19/nm23, which are associated with amplification of the N-myc oncogene, large tumor mass, and metastasis, were observed in advanced stage tumors compared with limited stage disease. Because of the variable expression of nm23-H1 in different tumors, we have investigated the relationship between amounts of the protein and cell proliferation. The levels of p19/nm23 were compared between resting and mitotically stimulated normal human PBLs and in leukemia cells. The amount of p19/nm23 increased in normal lymphocytes in response to mitotic stimulation and paralleled the increase in DNA synthesis. In leukemia cells obtained from patients with different subtypes of acute leukemia, p19/nm23 levels were also increased relative to resting normal lymphocytes. Treatment of mitotically stimulated lymphocytes with cyclosporin, which inhibits proliferation, blocked the increase in p19/nm23; treatment of the leukemia cell line HL-60 with dimethylsulfoxide, which induces terminal differentiation, resulted in diminished levels of p19/nm23. Our data therefore provide evidence that nm23-H1 expression is related to cell proliferative activity.
Relative Roles of the S Cell Network and Parallel Interneuronal Pathways in the Whole-Body Shortening Reflex of the Medicinal Leech (1999)

The whole-body shortening reflex of the medicinal leech Hirudo medicinalis is a withdrawal response produced by anterior mechanical stimuli. The interneuronal pathways underlying this reflex consist of the S cell network (a chain of electrically coupled interneurons) and a set of other, parallel pathways. We used a variety of techniques to characterize these interneuronal pathways further, including intracellular stimulation of the S cell network, photoablation of the S cell axon, and selective lesions of particular connectives (the axon bundles that link adjacent ganglia in the leech nerve cord). These experiments demonstrated that the S cell network is neither sufficient nor necessary for the production of the shortening reflex. The axons of the parallel pathways were localized to the lateral connectives (whereas the S cell axon runs through the medial connective). We used physiological techniques to show that the axons of the parallel pathways have a larger diameter in the anterior connective and to demonstrate that the parallel pathways are activated selectively by anterior mechanosensory stimuli. We also presented correlative evidence that the parallel pathways, along with activating motor neurons during shortening, are responsible for inhibiting a higher-order "command-like" interneuron in the neuronal circuit for swimming, thus playing a role in the behavioral choice between swimming and shortening.
Some new observations on an old reaction: disproportionation and the formation of P-O-P intermediates in the Michaelis-Arbuzov reaction of triaryl phosphites with alkyl halides (2004)

Thermolysis of methyltriaryloxyphosphonium halides (ArO) 3 PMeX (X = Br or I) in the molten state (> 175 o C) was accompanied by disproportionation, with the formation of structures of the general type (ArO) n PMe 4-n X (X = Br or I; n = 0-4). Further decomposition to give the corresponding aryl halides and phosphoryl derivatives became progressively slower as aryloxy groups were replaced by methyl. Thermal decomposition in CDCl 3 (sealed tube) additionally confirmed the formation of novel species containing a P-O-P linkage. Products were identified by a combination of 31 P and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Possible reaction mechanisms are discussed.
Using Low Density Tracers to Evaluate Acid Treatment Diversion (1995)

Abstract Utilizing a newly developed low density zero wash tracer carrier (1.1 - 1.5 gm/cc), acidizing treatments performed across large gross intervals consisting of thinly laminated carbonate/sandstone reservoirs have been more accurately diagnosed with respect to placement efficiency. Multi-isotope tracer in combination with spectral gamma ray logs are used to evaluate and optimize acid treatments involving various diverting processes (i.e., rock salt/benzoic acid; ball sealers). Acid diverter treatments are evaluated using multi-tracer spectral gamma ray logs and subsequent efficiencies shown. A new low density tracer carrier that allows more effective, safer transport and placement of the isotopes was used and significantly improved the log interpretation. Example case histories of acid treatments evaluated using the new low density tracer carrier will be presented for treatments done in Utah, U.S.A. Acid treatments performed in long multi-perforated intervals using various diverting techniques were shown to have different coverage distribution than expected or indicated by treatment pressures. A new low density tracer carrier provides a clearer log definition where multi-isotopes are used to define acid stage and diverter stage distribution. Applications Acid treatment diversion efficiency and effectiveness can be more accurately diagnosed with the new low density solid isotope carrier instead of previously used highly adsorptive liquid tracers. Actual treatment placement can be more specifically defined without problems caused by wellbore contamination using liquid tracers. Log definition was improved as well by using the new low density solid, as opposed to liquid tracers. A new tracer carrier to allow improved evaluation of acid treatment placement using diverters has been used and demonstrated to be more reliable than other solid or liquid carriers. A low density, specially sized, ceramic material was developed and used to contain multi-isotopes: Ir-192, Sc-46, and Sb-124, so they could be transported more easily in acid treatments to evaluate both stage and diverter placement efficiency. This carrier helps eliminate loss of isotope to tubular surfaces.
A Flexible Reservation Algorithm for Advance Network Provisioning (2010)

Many scientific applications need support from a communication infrastructure that provides predictable performance, which requires effective algorithms for bandwidth reservations. Network reservation systems such as ESnet's OSCARS, establish guaranteed bandwidth of secure virtual circuits for a certain bandwidth and length of time. However, users currently cannot inquire about bandwidth availability, nor have alternative suggestions when reservation requests fail. In general, the number of reservation options is exponential with the number of nodes n, and current reservation commitments. We present a novel approach for path finding in time-dependent networks taking advantage of user-provided parameters of total volume and time constraints, which produces options for earliest completion and shortest duration. The theoretical complexity is only O(n2r2) in the worst-case, where r is the number of reservations in the desired time interval. We have implemented our algorithm and developed efficient methodologies for incorporation into network reservation frameworks. Performance measurements confirm the theoretical predictions.
Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (1999)

Growth hormone (GH) synthesis and release is regulated by two hypothalamic peptides: somatostatin, which inhibits GH secretion, and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), which stimulates its release. Although somatostatin was the first to be identified in 1973 (1), the presence of a hypothalamic GH stimulating substance had been predicted in 1960 from rodent studies in which hypothalamic lesions induced growth impairment (2). However, because of methodological problems, particularly the loss of biological activity during purification, GHRH proved difficult to isolate. It was not until 1982 that GHRH was isolated from two separate pancreatic tumors obtained from individuals who presented with the clinical features of acromegaly (3,4). The finding that GHRH mRNA and peptides isolated from pancreas were identical to those produced endogenously by the hypothalamus (5,6), opened the door to a wealth of new discoveries. These have led to advances in understanding the transcriptional and translational regulation of the GHRH gene, characterization of the GHRH gene products, understanding the role of GHRH in regulating GH secretion, identification of the GHRH receptor and the discovery of GHRH receptor mutations in mice, and humans. In this chapter, these advances will be reviewed.
A Performance Comparison of CUDA and OpenCL (2010)

CUDA and OpenCL are two different frameworks for GPU programming. OpenCL is an open standard that can be used to program CPUs, GPUs, and other devices from different vendors, while CUDA is specific to NVIDIA GPUs. Although OpenCL promises a portable language for GPU programming, its generality may entail a performance penalty. In this paper, we use complex, near-identical kernels from a Quantum Monte Carlo application to compare the performance of CUDA and OpenCL. We show that when using NVIDIA compiler tools, converting a CUDA kernel to an OpenCL kernel involves minimal modifications. Making such a kernel compile with ATI's build tools involves more modifications. Our performance tests measure and compare data transfer times to and from the GPU, kernel execution times, and end-to-end application execution times for both CUDA and OpenCL.
The biological treatment of high salinity synthetic oilfield produced water in a submerged membrane bioreactor using a halophilic bacterial consortium (2013)

Abstract Background Produced water ( PW ) is the most important wastewater of the oil industry and if disposed of without adequate treatment can cause serious environmental pollution. Biological treatment is one option explored in recent years for treatment of PW but traditional biological processes potentially fail when the salinity level of the PW is high. In the present study, a halophilic bacterial consortium was employed for treatment of high salinity synthetic PW in a membrane bioreactor ( MBR ) . Results During the 112 days operation of the MBR at hydraulic retention time ( HRT ) and sludge retention time ( SRT ) of 48 h and 80 days respectively, there was a consistently low turbidity in the MBR effluent. Oil and grease (O&G) content of the effluent was also consistently below international limits for discharge to the sea or re‐injection to oil wells. With increase in organic loading rate from 0.3 to 0.9 kg COD m −3 d −1 , O&G removal efficiency increased from 89.2% to 95.5% whereas chemical oxygen demand ( COD ) removal efficiency ( c . 83%) did not change. Also, the transmembrane pressure during operation of the MBR remained in the range 1–2 kPa . Conclusion The results of the present study indicate the very good potential of the MBR , both in terms of removal performance and membrane fouling, for treatment of high salinity PW . © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
Leaner Environmental Policies for Agriculture (1996)

Agricultural and Food Policy, Environmental Economics and Policy
Flexible Tactile Sensors Using Screen-Printed P(VDF-TrFE) and MWCNT/PDMS Composites (2014)

This paper presents and compares two different types of screen-printed flexible and conformable pressure sensors arrays. In both variants, the flexible pressure sensors are in the form of segmental arrays of parallel plate structure-sandwiching the piezoelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride trifluoroethylene [P(VDF-TrFE)] between two printed metal layers of silver (Ag) in one case and the piezoresistive [multiwall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) mixed with poly(dimethylsiloxane (PDMS)] layer in the other. Each sensor module consists of 4 × 4 sensors array with 1-mm × 1-mm sensitive area of each sensor. The screen-printed piezoelectric sensors array exploits the change in polarization level of P(VDF-TrFE) to detect dynamic tactile parameter such as contact force. Similarly, the piezoresistive sensors array exploits the change in resistance of the bulk printed layer of MWCNT/PDMS composite. The two variants are compared on the basis of fabrication by printing on plastic substrate, ease of processing and handling of the materials, compatibility of the dissimilar materials in multilayers structure, adhesion, and finally according to the response to the normal compressive forces. The foldable pressure sensors arrays are completely realized using screen-printing technology and are targeted toward realizing low-cost electronic skin.