gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Label-free Quantitative Proteomics Using Large Peptide Data Sets Generated by Nanoflow Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (2006)

We developed an integrated platform consisting of machinery and software modules that can apply vast amounts of data generated by nanoflow LC-MS to differential protein expression analyses. Unlabeled protein samples were completely digested with modified trypsin and separated by low speed (200 nl/min) one-dimensional HPLC. Mass spectra were obtained every 1 s by using the survey mode of a hybrid Q-TOF mass spectrometer and displayed in a two-dimensional plane with m/z values along the x axis, and retention time was displayed along the y axis. The time jitter of nano-LC was adjusted using newly developed software based on a dynamic programming algorithm. The comprehensiveness (60,000-160,000 peaks above the predetermined threshold detectable in 60-microg cell protein samples), reproducibility (average coefficient of variance of 0.35-0.39 and correlation coefficient of over 0.92 between duplicates), and accurate quantification with a wide dynamic range (over 10(3)) of our platform warrant its application to various types of experimental and translational proteomics.
Concurrent dual‐band six‐loop‐antenna system with wide 3‐dB beamwidth radiation for MIMO access points (2010)

Abstract A high‐gain, wide‐beamwidth, six‐loop‐antenna MIMO system suited for wireless access points in the concurrent WLAN 2.4 and 5 GHz bands is presented.The antenna system mainly comprises an antenna ground plane and single‐band loop antennas, among which the three antennas are designated for 2.4 and 5 GHz operation, respectively. The antennas are set in a sequential, rotating arrangement on the ground plane with an equal inclination angle of 60° to form a symmetrical structure, and the 2.4 and 5 GHz loops are facing each other one by one. The experimental results show that good port isolation can be obtained between antenna ports. High‐gain, directional radiation patterns with wide 3‐dB beamwidth in elevation planes are also observed. Details of a design prototype are described and discussed in the article. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 52: 1253–1258, 2010; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.25208
Development and Evaluation of EOR Polymers Suitable for Hostile Environments—Part 1: Copolymers of Vinylpyrrolidone and Acrylamide (1987)

Summary This paper describes the properties of synthetic water-soluble polymers that are stable for extended periods of time in hard brines at very high temperatures. Several copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone (VP) and acrylamide (AM) were prepared and evaluated in our laboratories for EOR application in hostile environments. VP in the copolymer composition protects AM against extensive thermal hydrolysis, which otherwise will result in loss of viscosity and precipitation. A range of VP/AM copolymer compositions was found to tolerate the harsh conditions of 250°F [121 °C] in seawater for extended periods of time and to be suitable for EOR application under these conditions. The performance of these polymers in porous media was evaluated by extensive coreflood experiments in Berea sandstone at 250°F [121 °C] with synthetic seawater. The results indicate that these copolymers can easily be injected into porous media and that they can be effective polymers for EOR application in hostile environments.
Correlation between cholesterol esterification, MDR1 gene expression and rate of cell proliferation in CEM and MOLT4 cell lines (1999)

A positive correlation between cholesterol esterification and growth rate potential was previously found in our laboratory during the growth of CEM and MOLT4 lymphoblastic cells. In the current study, we investigated whether the rates of cholesterol esters synthesis correlate with changes of acyl-CoAcholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) mRNA levels and of other genes implied in cholesterol biosynthesis and uptake, such as 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMGCoA) reductase and low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor. The results showed that the more rapid growing CEM cells had lower levels of expression of HMGCoA-reductase and LDL receptors compared to MOLT4. By contrast, ACAT mRNA levels were higher in CEM cells, further supporting the concept of a possible involvement of cholesterol esters in the regulation of cell growth and division. In this study, high levels of cholesterol esterification and of expression of ACAT gene were also associated with a markedly increased expression of multidrug resistance (MDR1) gene, suggesting that MDR1 activity might contribute to regulate the rate of cell growth and division by modulating intracellular cholesterol ester levels.
Signal processing to improve intelligibility in the presence of noice for persons with a ski-slope hearing impairment (1976)

A two-band compression system was designed to improve the intelligibility of speech in noise for persons suffering from sensori-neural hearing impairment. Experiments were carried out at 0 and +6 dB signal-to-noise (S/N) ratio with expansion below compression threshold. Six subjects had mean discrimination scores at S/N of 6 dB of 46, 77, and 87 percent with unprocessed speech (present heating aid), compression but linear below threshold, and compression with expansion below threshold, respectively. At the 0 dB S/N test score means were 21, 61 and 69 percent, respectively.
Instability of the Lumbar Spine (1982)

KIRKALDY-WILLIS, W. H. M.A., M.D., F.R.C.S. (E. AND C.); FARFAN, H. F. M.Sc, M.D., CM., F.R.C.S. (C)Editor(s): CALANDRUCCIO, ROCCO A. M.D. Author Information
Evaluation of an integrated multi-task machine learning system with humans in the loop (2007)

Performance of a cognitive personal assistant, RADAR, consisting of multiple machine learning components, natural language processing, and optimization was examined with a test explicitly developed to measure the impact of integrated machine learning when used by a human user in a real world setting. Three conditions (conventional tools, Radar without learning, and Radar with learning) were evaluated in a large-scale, between-subjects study. The study revealed that integrated machine learning does produce a positive impact on overall performance. This paper also discusses how specific machine learning components contributed to human-system performance.
Fast responding and highly multiplexible distorted helix ferroelectric liquid-crystal displays (1989)

We present data on the electro-optics and the display performance of liquid-crystal devices based on the distorted helix ferroelectric (DHF) effect which demonstrate TV switching rates and low driving voltages. The DHF effect is based on S*c ferroelectric liquid crystals with very short pitch, which form in suitable cells a bookshelf arrangement of the smectic layers with a helical axis parallel to the plane of the display. The distortion of this helix by an applied electric field is responsible for the electro-optical effect: If the pitch is shorter than the wavelength, the distortion leads to a change of the effective refractive index. Unwinding of the helix is one of the limitations of these devices. We show that standard cell preparation techniques and driving schemes—including active matrix addressing—minimize helix unwinding and lead to highly multiplexible displays with short response times in the 10-μs region. Black–white contrast ratios &gt;12:1 at driving voltages &lt;2 V and grey scales are reported.
Representation of Number in the Brain (2009)

Number symbols have allowed humans to develop superior mathematical skills that are a hallmark of technologically advanced cultures. Findings in animal cognition, developmental psychology, and anthropology indicate that these numerical skills are rooted in nonlinguistic biological primitives. Recent studies in human and nonhuman primates using a broad range of methodologies provide evidence that numerical information is represented and processed by regions of the prefrontal and posterior parietal lobes, with the intraparietal sulcus as a key node for the representation of the semantic aspect of numerical quantity.
The location of 2,4,6-trichloroanisole in a batch of contaminated wine corks (1997)

Straight wine corks, from a batch with a high proportion of contamination with 2,4,6-trichloroanisole (TCA), were dissected into various sections and the TCA content of these fractions was determined. TCA was found to be concentrated in the outside portion of the cork, and also in the older bark. There was no significant difference in TCA content between the lenticel and non-lenticel cork fractions, between the light and dark portions of the growth rings, nor between the ends and centre parts of the corks. The concentration of TCA in the outer part of the corks indicates that the biomethylation step in the formation of TCA in these corks followed the punching stage of production.
Effect of Hypercholesterolemia on Myocardial Necrosis and Apoptosis in the Setting of Ischemia-Reperfusion (2009)

This study demonstrates that experimental hypercholesterolemia is associated with increased myocardial oxidative stress and inflammation, attenuation of cell survival pathways, and induction of apoptosis in the ischemic territory, which together may account for the expansion of myocardial necrosis in the setting of acute IR.
27.4 A 0.35mW 12b 100MS/s SAR-assisted digital slope ADC in 28nm CMOS (2016)

In recent years, the operation speed of SAR ADCs has improved with the scaling of CMOS technology. SAR ADCs achieve a few hundreds of MS/s with 8-to-10b resolution. The SNR of high-speed SAR ADCs is mainly dominated by comparator noise and usually limited to 50 to 60dB. The power consumption increases exponentially to suppress comparator noise in a limited comparison time to improve SNR. Noise-tolerant SAR ADCs [1] reduce comparator power in the first few bit cycles by using a coarse comparator. However, the fine comparator in the remaining bit cycles still consumes significant power to achieve an SNR greater than 60dB. SAR-assisted pipelined ADCs [2,3] do not require a low-noise comparator, but design restrictions in advanced CMOS processes make high-performance amplifier design challenging. Using a low-gain or a dynamic amplifier induces gain errors between stages. Besides, the amplifier and back-end stages result in extra noise and area. Digital-slope ADCs [4] are inherently low-noise by quantizing the signal in the time domain, but the hardware cost grows exponentially with resolution and the maximum conversion rate is halved with each additional bit of resolution. Hence this ADC type is unattractive for resolutions higher than 8b. This paper reports a 12b hybrid ADC combining a 7b low-power SAR coarse ADC with a 6b low-noise digital-slope fine ADC. The 100MS/s ADC achieves 64.43dB SNDR at Nyquist input with 0.35mW from a 0.9V supply.
Flexible photovoltaic technologies (2013)

Flexible photovoltaic (PV) devices have attracted enormous attention from academy and industry as a convenient alternative energy source for indoor and outdoor applications. Flexible PV panels can be easily integrated with infrastructures of various shapes and sizes, meanwhile they are light-weight and thus suitable for applications where weight is important. In this review, we will describe the progress that has been made in the field of flexible PV technologies. In addition, a summary will be provided with perspective on the future development of flexible solar cells and new opportunities offered by these devices.
Diallyl trisulfide increases the effectiveness of TRAIL and inhibits prostate cancer growth in an orthotopic model: molecular mechanisms (2008)

Recent studies have shown that naturally occurring compounds can enhance the efficacy of chemotherapeutic drugs. The objectives of this study were to investigate the molecular mechanisms by which diallyl trisulfide (DATS) enhanced the therapeutic potential of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) in prostate cancer cells in vitro and on orthotopically transplanted PC-3 prostate carcinoma in nude mice. DATS inhibited cell viability and colony formation and induced apoptosis in PC-3 and LNCaP cells. DATS enhanced the apoptosis-inducing potential of TRAIL in PC-3 cells and sensitized TRAIL-resistant LNCaP cells. Dominant-negative FADD inhibited the synergistic interaction between DATS and TRAIL on apoptosis. DATS induced the expression of DR4, DR5, Bax, Bak, Bim, Noxa, and PUMA and inhibited expression of Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-X(L), survivin, XIAP, cIAP1, and cIAP2. Oral administration of DATS significantly inhibited growth of orthotopically implanted prostate carcinoma in BALB/c nude mice compared with the control group, without causing weight loss. Cotreatment of mice with DATS and TRAIL was more effective in inhibiting prostate tumor growth and inducing DR4 and DR5 expression, caspase-8 activity, and apoptosis than either agent alone. DATS inhibited angiogenesis (as measured by CD31-positive and factor VIII-positive blood vessels and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha, vascular endothelial growth factor, and interleukin-6 expression) and metastasis [matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2, MMP-7, MMP-9, and MT-1 MMP expression], which were correlated with inhibition in AKT and nuclear factor-kappaB activation. The combination of DATS and TRAIL was more effective in inhibiting markers of angiogenesis and metastasis than either agent alone. These data suggest that DATS can be combined with TRAIL for the prevention and/or treatment of prostate cancer.
Signature file hashing using term occurrence and query frequencies (2002)

Signature files act as a filter on retrieval to discard a large number of nonqualifying data items. Linear hashing with superimposed signatures (LHSS) provides an effective retrieval filter to process queries in dynamic databases. This study is an analysis of the effects of reflecting the term occurrence and query frequencies to signatures in LHSS. This approach relaxes the unrealistic uniform frequency assumption and lets the terms with high discriminatory power set more bits in signatures. The simulation experiments based on the derived formulas explore the amount of page savings with different occurrence and query frequency combinations at different hashing levels. The results show that the performance of LHSS improves with the hashing level and the larger the difference between the term discriminatory power values of the terms, the higher the retrieval efficiency. The authors also discuss the benefits of this approach to alleviate the imbalance between the levels of efficiency and relevancy in the unrealistic uniform frequency assumption case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Automatic breakdown voltage measurement of polymer films (2008)

Determining the breakdown strength of dielectric films is tedious, as the breakdown strength at 1% breakdown probability is more relevant to system insulation design than the Weibull characteristic breakdown strength, and obtaining reasonable confidence limits at 1% breakdown probability requires very large numbers of breakdowns. An automatic system for DC ramp breakdown strength measurements has been reported [1]. This system comprises a HV-probe and a movable arm equipped with an electrode holder that scans over the sample surface. One problem with this approach is that the metal electrodes are damaged by the breakdowns which, based on the author's experience, results in occasional low breakdowns that can distort the statistical distribution. To avoid this problem, a breakdown tester that can carry out breakdown strength measurements automatically utilizing metalized film electrodes has been developed. In this system, metalized films are used as electrodes and renewed after each breakdown. This is accomplished using a mechanical assembly under computer control through a LabView interface. By utilizing metalized films and renewing them after each breakdown, the system does not suffer from breakdown-induced electrode damage. To evaluate the system, we carried out 100 breakdowns with three active areas varying from 2 cm2 to 20 cm2. The breakdown data were analyzed using a Weibull distribution, agreed well with previous data obtained manually, and scaled properly as a function of area based on a Weibull distribution [2]. We have carried out over 600 breakdowns automatically, which is sufficient to provide very good data at low probability of breakdown. The development of the automatic breakdown strength tester provides a means to evaluate polymer films at low breakdown probability which is relevant to insulation design.
Use of primates in research: A global overview (2004)

We assessed the use of nonhuman primates and nonhuman primate biological material in research by reviewing studies published in 2001 in peer-reviewed journals. The number and species of primates used, the origin of the animals, the type of study, the area of research of the investigation, and the location at which the research was performed were tabulated. Additionally, factors related to the animals that may have affected the outcome of the experiments were recorded. A total of 2,937 articles involving 4,411 studies that employed nonhuman primates or nonhuman primate biological material were identified and analyzed. More than 41,000 animals were represented in the studies published in 2001. In the 14% of studies for which re-use could be determined, 69% involved animals that had been used in previous experiments. Published studies most commonly used nonhuman primates or nonhuman primate biological material from the species Chlorocebus aethiops (19%), Macaca mulatta (18%), M. fascicularis (9%), and Papio spp. (6%). Of these studies, 54% were classified as in vitro studies, 14% as noninvasive, 30% as chronic, and 1% were considered acute. Nonhuman primates were primarily used in research areas in which they appear to be the most appropriate models for humans. The most common areas of research were microbiology (including HIV/AIDS (26%)), neuroscience (19%), and biochemistry/chemistry (12%). Most (84%) of the primate research published in 2001 was conducted in North America, Europe, and Japan. The animals and conditions under which they were housed and used were rarely described. Although it is estimated that nonhuman primates account for an extremely small fraction of all animals used in research, their special status makes it important to report the many husbandry and environmental factors that influence the research results generated. This analysis has identified that editors rarely require authors to provide comprehensive information concerning the subjects (e.g., their origin), treatment conditions, and experimental procedures utilized in the studies they publish. The present analysis addresses the use of primates for research, including the effects of a shortage of suitable nonhuman primate subjects in many research areas.
<title>Objective evaluation of linear and nonlinear tomosynthetic reconstruction algorithms</title> (2000)

This investigation objectively tests five different tomosynthetic reconstruction methods involving three different digital sensors, each used in a different radiologic application: chest, breast, and pelvis, respectively. The common task was to simulate a specific representative projection for each application by summation of appropriately shifted tomosynthetically generated slices produced by using the five algorithms. These algorithms were, respectively, (1) conventional back projection, (2) iteratively deconvoluted back projection, (3) a nonlinear algorithm similar to back projection, except that the minimum value from all of the component projections for each pixel is computed instead of the average value, (4) a similar algorithm wherein the maximum value was computed instead of the minimum value, and (5) the same type of algorithm except that the median value was computed. Using these five algorithms, we obtained data from each sensor-tissue combination, yielding three factorially distributed series of contiguous tomosynthetic slices. The respective slice stacks then were aligned orthogonally and averaged to yield an approximation of a single orthogonal projection radiograph of the complete (unsliced) tissue thickness. Resulting images were histogram equalized, and actual projection control images were subtracted from their tomosynthetically synthesized counterparts. Standard deviations of the resulting histograms were recorded as inverse figures of merit (FOMs). Visual rankings of image differences by five human observers of a subset (breast data only) also were performed to determine whether their subjective observations correlated with homologous FOMs. Nonparametric statistical analysis of these data demonstrated significant differences (P > 0.05) between reconstruction algorithms. The nonlinear minimization reconstruction method nearly always outperformed the other methods tested. Observer rankings were similar to those measured objectively.
Tolerance induction in clinical transplantation: the pending questions (2003)

Despite the dramatic improvement of early graft survival due to the introduction of cyclosporin, late graft loss caused by chronic rejection and the lethal consequences of long-term immunosuppression, such as infection and cancer, remain major concerns for the transplantation community. Tolerance induction would avoid these complications. The ways to go are controversial, reflecting the redundancy of rejection pathways. They include the induction of central tolerance by establishment of mixed chimerism through hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and the induction of "operational tolerance" through immunodeviation involving dendritic or regulatory T cells. Major advances have been made in animal models exploring these strategies and, some preliminary data are even now available in humans, allowing the initiation of pilot clinical trials. In this article, we discuss the key questions that these trials will have to address.
Pharmacological and Biological Antiviral Therapeutics for Cardiac Coxsackievirus Infections (2011)

Subtype B coxsackieviruses (CVB) represent the most commonly identified infectious agents associated with acute and chronic myocarditis, with CVB3 being the most common variant. Damage to the heart is induced both directly by virally mediated cell destruction and indirectly due to the immune and autoimmune processes reacting to virus infection. This review addresses antiviral therapeutics for cardiac coxsackievirus infections discovered over the last 25 years. One group represents pharmacologically active low molecular weight substances that inhibit virus uptake by binding to the virus capsid (e.g., pleconaril) or inactivate viral proteins (e.g., NO-metoprolol and ribavirin) or inhibit cellular proteins which are essential for viral replication (e.g., ubiquitination inhibitors). A second important group of substances are interferons. They have antiviral but also immunomodulating activities. The third and most recently discovered group includes biological and cellular therapeutics. Soluble receptor analogues (e.g., sCAR-Fc) bind to the virus capsid and block virus uptake. Small interfering RNAs, short hairpin RNAs and antisense oligonucleotides bind to and led to degradation of the viral RNA genome or cellular RNAs, thereby preventing their translation and viral replication. Most recently mesenchymal stem cell transplantation has been shown to possess antiviral activity in CVB3 infections. Taken together, a number of antiviral therapeutics has been developed for the treatment of myocardial CVB infection in recent years. In addition to low molecular weight inhibitors, biological therapeutics have become promising anti-viral agents.