gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Curcumin inhibits COPD-like airway inflammation and lung cancer progression in mice (2009)

Recent studies have demonstrated that K-ras mutations in lung epithelial cells elicit inflammation that promotes carcinogenesis in mice (intrinsic inflammation). The finding that patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), an inflammatory disease of the lung, have an increased risk of lung cancer after controlling for smoking suggests a further link between lung cancer and extrinsic inflammation. Besides exposure to cigarette smoke, it is thought that airway inflammation in COPD is caused by bacterial colonization, particularly with non-typeable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHi). Previously, we have shown that NTHi-induced COPD-like airway inflammation promotes lung cancer in an airway conditional K-ras-induced mouse model. To further test the role of inflammation in cancer promotion, we administered the natural anti-inflammatory agent, curcumin, 1% in diet before and during weekly NTHi exposure. This significantly reduced the number of visible lung tumors in the absence of NTHi exposure by 85% and in the presence of NTHi exposures by 53%. Mechanistically, curcumin markedly suppressed NTHi-induced increased levels of the neutrophil chemoattractant keratinocyte-derived chemokine by 80% and neutrophils by 87% in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. In vitro studies of murine K-ras-induced lung adenocarcinoma cell lines (LKR-10 and LKR-13) indicated direct anti-tumoral effects of curcumin by reducing cell viability, colony formation and inducing apoptosis. We conclude that curcumin suppresses the progression of K-ras-induced lung cancer in mice by inhibiting intrinsic and extrinsic inflammation and by direct anti-tumoral effects. These findings suggest that curcumin could be used to protract the premalignant phase and inhibit lung cancer progression in high-risk COPD patients.
Evaluation of the Thermal Stability of Gardasil® (2006)

The thermostability of GARDASIL (Merck & Co., Inc, Whitehouse Station, NJ, USA), a developmental vaccine against human papillomavirus (HPV), was evaluated using an enzyme immunoassay, referred to as the in vitro relative potency (IVRP) assay and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Gardasil samples were stored at temperatures ranging from 4 to 42 degrees C and tested for IVRP at various time points. Extrapolation of the IVRP results indicates GARDASIL is extremely stable. The half-life of the vaccine is estimated to be 130 months or longer at temperatures up to 25 degrees C. At 37 degrees C, the half-life is predicted to be 18 months and at 42 degrees C, the half-life is predicted to be approximately three months. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis was used to evaluate the process of protein denaturation during a rapid temperature increase (as opposed to long-term storage at a specific temperature). Differences were seen among the DSC profiles of the four HPV types tested. This indicates that small differences in the amino acid structure can have a significant effect on the intermolecular contacts that stabilize the L1 proteins and the VLP assembly. For the Gardasil samples evaluated here, DSC results demonstrated the relative overall structural stability of the VLPs, but were not predictive of the excellent long-term stability observed with the IVRP assay.
Marine and Continental Groundwater Sources in a Persian Gulf Coastal Sabkha: Sediments and Diagenesis (1977)

In order to define the diagenetic processes occurring in the sabkhas along the south shore of the Persian Gulf, it is necessary to understand the direction and rate of movement and the origin of the highly saline groundwaters and surface waters in the sabkha environment. Two possible origins or sources, marine or continental, exist for the brines in the coastal sabkha. To determine the origin of the brines, ion ratios have been used. The Na+/Cl- and Cl-/K+ ionic ratios are not satisfactory indices, but the Cl-/Br- and K+/Br- ratios are reliable indicators of brine origin. Brines with Cl-Br/- ratios less than 1,000 are predominantly of marine orig n, those with ratios between 1,000 and 5,000 are of mixed continental and marine origin, and those with ratios greater than 5,000 are predominantly of continental derivation. Brines with K+/Br- ratios less than 25 are of marine origin, those with ratios between 25 and 150 are of mixed continental and marine origin, and those with ratios greater than 150 are of continental derivation. The seaward movement of the zone of mixed continental and marine brines over the past 5,000 years indicates an approximate groundwater flow rate in the central sabkha of 0.3 to 1 m/yr.
Demonstration of CO_2-laser power delivery through chalcogenide-glass fiber with negative-curvature hollow core (2011)

A technologically simple optical fiber cross-section structure with a negative-curvature hollow-core has been proposed for the delivery of the CO2 laser radiation. The structure was optimized numerically and then realized using Te20As30Se50 (TAS) chalcogenide glass. Guidance of the 10.6 µm СО2-laser radiation through this TAS-glass hollow-core fiber has been demonstrated. The loss at λ=10.6 μm was amounted ~11 dB/m. A resonance behavior of the fiber bend loss as a function of the bend radius has been revealed.
Infrared spectroscopy: Theory, developments and applications (2014)

Since Herschel discovered light in the near-infrared region as early as 1800. The NIR region of the electromagnetic spectrum, once regarded as having little potential for analytical work, has now become one of the most promising techniques for molecular spectroscopy in several analytical fields. Over the last three decades, the development of new applications of infrared spectroscopy has been associated with the increased power of computers and the progress in chemometrics (multivariate data analysis). Infrared Spectroscopy: Theory, Developments and Applications introduces and presents several novel applications of NIR and mid infrared (MIR) spectroscopy in biology, medicine, food science, pharmaceutical, polymers, minerals and art for the first time in a single book. Infrared Spectroscopy: Theory, Developments and Applications is written by an international panel of scientists with a vast expertise in the field of infrared spectroscopy, providing unique views and perspectives on both practical and theoretical applications. This book should serve as a reference source for undergraduate and postgraduate students, scientists and researchers in the field of infrared spectroscopy. (Imprint: Nova)
A microsecond-response polymer-stabilized blue phase liquid crystal (2011)

A polymer-stabilized blue-phase liquid crystal (BPLC) with microsecond response time is demonstrated using a vertical field switching cell. The measured decay time is 39 μs at room temperature (21 °C) and then decreases to 9.6 μs at 44.3 °C. Such a response time is 1-2 orders of magnitude faster than that of a typical BPLC device. The responsible physical mechanisms are the collective effects of short pitch length, strong polymer network, and low viscosity through temperature effect. The on-state voltage of our BPLC device is 44.2 V, hysteresis is below 0.7%, and contrast ratio is over 1300:1.
Cross-Modal Re-Organization in Adults with Early Stage Hearing Loss (2014)

Cortical cross-modal re-organization, or recruitment of auditory cortical areas for visual processing, has been well-documented in deafness. However, the degree of sensory deprivation necessary to induce such cortical plasticity remains unclear. We recorded visual evoked potentials (VEP) using high-density electroencephalography in nine persons with adult-onset mild-moderate hearing loss and eight normal hearing control subjects. Behavioral auditory performance was quantified using a clinical measure of speech perception-in-noise. Relative to normal hearing controls, adults with hearing loss showed significantly larger P1, N1, and P2 VEP amplitudes, decreased N1 latency, and a novel positive component (P2') following the P2 VEP. Current source density reconstruction of VEPs revealed a shift toward ventral stream processing including activation of auditory temporal cortex in hearing-impaired adults. The hearing loss group showed worse than normal speech perception performance in noise, which was strongly correlated with a decrease in the N1 VEP latency. Overall, our findings provide the first evidence that visual cross-modal re-organization not only begins in the early stages of hearing impairment, but may also be an important factor in determining behavioral outcomes for listeners with hearing loss, a finding which demands further investigation.
1-to-27 highly parallel three-dimensional intra- and inter-board optical interconnects (1994)

The authors present a novel interconnection scheme for highly parallel three-dimensional (3-D) optical intra- and inter-board fan-out using substrate guided waves in conjunction with a two-dimensional (2-D) multiplexed hologram array. 1-to-27 passive highly parallel optical fan-out was demonstrated for the first time. Optimum design rules are presented together with experimental results. The effort of employing substrate guided waves in conjunction with a 2-D multiplexed holograms array provides the capability of 3-D multi-stage intra- and inter-board massively parallel interconnects. As a result, the coupling from a laser diode to multi-stage two dimensional detector arrays and/or fiber array can thus be realized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A query processing strategy for fragmented relational distributed system (1983)

A strategy is given to process a given query in a fragmented distributed database environment. Unlike previous strategies, it has the following desirable features. (1) a copy of each relation referenced by the query is selected so that the set of relations are contained in the minimum number of sites; (2) all relations that need not be sent to the assembly site to produce the answer are identified. Thus, unnecessary sending of these relations across sites and processing on these relations, which are common in earlier strategies, are avoided; (3) useless semi-joins are discarded and worse semi-joins are replaced by better ones; (4) it makes use of redundant relations to reduce communication cost and allows parallel processing; (5) an efficient algorithm to process fragments is provided; (6) a process to estimate the cost and the benefit of a semi-join, based on dynamic execution of semi-joins is introduced. It is expected that the new process is more accurate than earlier estimation processes; (7) sending relation in complement is incorporated to reduce transmission cost.
The strategy is easy to implement and is operational.
Baroreflex inhibition of the human sinus node: importance of stimulus intensity, duration, and rate of pressure change. (1977)

1. Carotid baroreceptors were stimulated with electronically controlled neck suction in five healthy young men and pulse interval prolongation was measured. Timing of the onset of stimuli in relation to cardiac activity was held constant, and stimulus intensity, duration, and dP/dt were varied independently. 2. In the subjects studied, sinus node responses to neck suction were proportional to dP/dt. However, variations of stimulus dP/dt within or above the normal range for arterial dP/dt did not influence the magnitude of integrated baroreflex responses, or the earliest portion of baroreflex sinus node inhibition. 3. Carotid baroreflex responses were linear over a wide range which extended beyond the normal range for human systolic arterial pressures. 4. Saturation of the carotid baroreceptor-cardiac reflex occurred at distending pressures of about 160 mmHg. 5. The average baroreflex responses of the group studied were highly reproducible over time. 6. Baroreflex gain correlated very strongly with base line pulse interval. 7. The magnitude of baroreflex responses increased linearly with the duration of carotid sinus distension and reached a maximum level with stimuli lasting 0-5 sec or more. 8. The results demonstrate that carotid sinus transfer characteristics can be measured in normal man, and that human response patterns are strikingly similar to those observed earlier in experimental animals.
The iap gene of Listeria monocytogenes is essential for cell viability, and its gene product, p60, has bacteriolytic activity (1993)

Expression of the iap gene of Listeria monocytogenes in the L. monocytogenes rough mutant RIII and in Bacillus subtilis DB104 caused the disruption of the cell chains which these two strains normally form under exponential growth conditions. The p60 protein produced by L. monocytogenes and B. subtilis DB104 also exhibited bacteriolytic activity detected in denaturing polyacrylamide gels containing heat-killed Micrococcus lysodeikticus. Purification of the p60 protein led to aggregation of p60 and loss of the cell chain disruption and bacteriolytic activities. A cysteine residue in the C-terminal part of p60 which is conserved in all p60-like proteins from the other Listeria species seems to be essential for both activities. The iap gene could not be inactivated without a loss of cell viability, indicating that p60 is an essential housekeeping protein for L. monocytogenes and probably also for other Listeria species. These data suggest that p60 possesses a murein hydrolase activity required for a late step in cell division.
Dopant Concentration–Porosity–Li-Ion Conductivity Relationship in Garnet-Type Li<sub>5+2<i>x</i></sub>La<sub>3</sub>Ta<sub>2–<i>x</i></sub>Y<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>12</sub> (0.05 ≤ <i>x</i> ≤ 0.75) and Their Stability in Water and 1 M LiCl (2015)

Highly Li-ion conductive Y-doped garnet-type Li5+2xLa3Ta2-xYxO12 (0.05 ≤ x ≤ 0.75) were studied to understand the effects of yttrium- and lithium-doping on crystal structure, porosity, and Li-ion conductivity using (7)Li MAS NMR, electrochemical ac impedance spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), as well as ex situ and in situ powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) to further explore the potential application of garnets in all-solid-state Li-ion batteries. Solid-state (7)Li MAS NMR studies showed an increase in the Li-ion mobility as a function of Y- and Li-doping in Li5+2xLa3Ta2-xYxO12, which is consistent with the results from ac impedance spectroscopy. The SEM studies on sintered pellets indicated a systematic decrease in porosity and an increase in sinterability as the Y- and Li-doping levels increase in Li5+2xLa3Ta2-xYxO12. These results are consistent with the calculated porosity and densities using the Archimedes method. Using the variable-temperature in situ PXRD in the temperature range of 30-700 °C, a thermal expansion coefficient of 7.25 × 10(-6) K(-1) was observed for Li6La3Ta1.5Y0.5O12. To further explore the possibility of a new application for the Li-stuffed garnets, the stability of these materials in aqueous LiCl solution was also studied. A high degree of structural stability was observed in these materials upon 1 M LiCl treatment, making them suitable candidates for further studies as protective layers for lithium electrodes in aqueous lithium batteries.
A comprehensive study of universal time-domain windowed OFDM-based LTE downlink system (2017)

For the 5G system and beyond, several new-waveforms with low out-of-band emission (OOBE) have been proposed to improve spectral efficiency. The universal timedomain windowed OFDM (UTW-OFDM) have been proposed as a waveform that has the low OOBE characteristics and high compatibility with the conventional cyclic prefix OFDM (CP-OFDM)-based systems. To indicate the feasibility of the UTW-OFDM-based system in the 5G and beyond, the comprehensive evaluation of the UTW-OFDM-based LTE system is important, however, the evaluation of the UTW-OFDM-based LTE system complexity has been not reported. Furthermore, the communication quality of the UTW-OFDM-based LTE system was evaluated by using BER characteristics on the short delay multipath propagation channel in the previous studies. In this paper, to show the feasibility of the UTW-OFDM for the 5G and beyond, the complexity of the UTW-OFDM-based LTE downlink (DL) system is evaluated and compared with one of the LTE-DL system with the conventional CP-OFDM and the filtering-based waveform (UF-OFDM). The complexity of the conventional CP-OFDM-based system and the UTW-OFDM-based system is about 0.45 % of the complexity of the UF-OFDM-based system. Furthermore, the communication quality of the UTW-OFDM-based LTE-DL system is evaluated by using BLER on the 3GPP Extended Typical Urban (ETU) channel model with the 70 Hz Doppler shift. The UTW-OFDM-based LTE-DL system can improve the OOBE of the conventional CP-OFDM-based LTE-DL system by 45 dB with only 2.0 dB deterioration of EN <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sub> to achieve BLER = 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> even if the 64QAM is applied with a half coding rate.
Kinetics of charge carrier recombination in organic light-emitting diodes (1998)

The temporal behavior of the electroluminescence (EL) from thin-film indium-tin-oxide (ITO)/aromatic diamine (TPD)/Al(III) 8-hydroxyquinoline (Alq3)/Mg/Ag light-emitting diodes (LEDs) upon the application of a rectangular driving voltage is analyzed in terms of the electron-hole recombination on the TPD/Alq3 interface. From the long-time component of the temporal decay of the EL intensity the electron-hole recombination coefficient γ=(1.1±0.5)×10−10 cm3/s is determined in good agreement with the value expected on the basis of the Langevin theory of recombination with the recombination process controlled by the motion of holes in the hole-transporting TPD layer of the LED.
IL‐12 inhibits endotoxin‐induced inflammation in the eye (1996)

Interleukin-12 (IL-12) is a heterodimeric cytokine that induces interferon (IFN)-gamma production and an increased generation of Th1 cells. Both IL-12 and IL-12 antagonists are being studied for the treatment of allergic reactions, autoimmune disease and malignancy. The goal of the present experiments was to examine the importance of IL-12 in endotoxin-induced ocular inflammation. The number of inflammatory cells infiltrating eyes with endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) was significantly increased in animals treated with intraperitoneal anti-IL-12 antibody when compared to control animals, but there was no difference in infiltrating inflammatory cells in the eyes of animals treated with IL-12 when compared to controls. In contrast, intraocular injection of IL-12 significantly inhibited the development of endotoxin-induced intraocular inflammation. The infiltrating inflammatory cells were reduced in the eyes of animals receiving intraocular IL-12 when compared to controls. Cytokine analysis of the aqueous humor obtained from eyes with EIU showed increased levels of IFN-gamma and decreased levels of IL-6 in eyes receiving intraocular IL-12. These data show that IL-12 has an inhibitory effect on endotoxin-induced inflammation in the eye and suggest that IL-12 can have an immunoregulatory function in some forms of inflammatory disease.
A Study of Cooling Schedule Parameters on Adaptive Simulated Annealing in Structural Optimization (2004)

컴퓨터 성능의 향상으로 통계학적 최적화기법이 구조설계최적화에 시도되고 있다. 통계학적 최적화 가법 중 시뮬레이티드 애닐링 기법도 구조 최적화 분야에 적용되기 시작하였다. 시뮬레이티드 애닐링, 불쯔만 애닐링, 패스트 애닐링, 어댑티브 시뮬레이티드 애닐링을 적용하여, 트러스 구조물의 최적화에 적용시켜 목적함수를 향상시키고 함수계산량을 감소시키도록 하였다. 특히 알고리즘 중에서 수렴성과 목적함수의 우수성을 구현하기 위하여 어댑티브 시뮬레이티드 애닐링의 냉각스케줄의 냉각변수를 다양하게 적용하여 트러스 구조물을 최적화하였다. 또한 볼쯔만 애닐링과 어댑티브 시뮬레이티드 애닐링을 복합한 냉각스캐줄로 10부재와 25부재 트러스 구조물의 최적화도 수행하여 보았다. The increase of computing power makes stochastic optimization algorithms available in structural design. One of the stochastic algorithms, simulated annealing algorithm, has been applied to various structural optimization problems. By applying several cooling schedules such as simulated annealing (SA), Boltzmann annealing (BA), fast annealing (FA) and adaptive simulated annealing (ASA), truss structures are optimized to improve the quality of objective functions and reduce the number of function evaluations. In this paper, many cooling parameters have been applied to the cooling schedule of ASA. The influence of cooling parameters is investigated to find the rules of thumb for using ASA. Tn addition, the cooling schedule combined with BA and ASA is applied to the optimization of ten bar-truss and twenty five bar-truss structure.
Protease-Activated Receptors: How Proteases Signal to Cells to Cause Inflammation and Pain (2006)

Certain serine proteases that originate from the circulation (coagulation factors), inflammatory cells (mast cell tryptase, neutrophil granzyme A, and proteinase 3), and epithelial and neuronal tissues (trypsins) can specifically regulate cells by cleaving protease-activated receptors (PARs), a family of four G-protein-coupled receptors. Proteases cleave PARs on multiple cell types to reveal tethered ligand domains that bind to and activate the cleaved receptors. The proteases that activate PARs are often generated and secreted during injury and inflammation, and PARs orchestrate tissue responses to these insults, including hemostasis, inflammation, nociception, and repair mechanisms. Agonists of PARs, notably PAR2, induce inflammation in many tissues that is characterized by hyperemia, extravasation of plasma proteins, granulocyte infiltration, and alterations in epithelial permeability. These effects are mediated in part by the release of neuropeptides substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide from sensory nerve fibers in peripheral tissues. Proteases that activate PAR2 also induce the release of neuropeptides from the central projections of these nerves in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord, where they participate in pain transmission. Accumulating evidence from PAR-deficient mice indicates that these mechanisms may contribute to experimental models of disease and raise the possibility that protease inhibitors and PAR antagonists may be useful therapies for a variety of inflammatory and painful conditions.
Isolation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutants constitutive for invertase synthesis (1986)

A new method for detecting invertase activity in Saccharomyces cerevisiae colonies was used to screen for mutants resistant to catabolite repression of invertase. Mutations causing the highest level of derepression were located in two previously identified genes, cyc8 and tup1. Several of the cyc8 mutations, notably cyc8-10 and cyc8-11, were temperature dependent, repressed at 23 degrees C, and derepressed at 37 degrees C. The kinetics of derepression of invertase mRNA in cyc8-10 cells shifted from 23 to 37 degrees C was determined by Northern blots. Invertase mRNA was detectable at 5 min after the shift, with kinetics of accumulation very similar to that of wild-type cells shifted from high-glucose to low-glucose medium. Assays of representative enzymes showed that many but not all glucose-repressible enzymes are derepressed in both cyc8 and tup1 mutants. cyc8 and tup1 appear to be the major negative regulatory genes controlling catabolite repression in yeasts.