gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Accurate power supply and ground plane pair models [for MCMs] (1999)

In this paper, we derive a theory and method for the use of two-dimensional (2-D) discrete transmission lines (TL's) or discrete coupled transmission lines (CTL's) in modeling power supply and ground planes accurately. If the stray coupling between power or local ground and global ground is not significant, the discrete TL's model is used. Otherwise the discrete CTL's model is used. An arbitrarily shaped plane pair is discretized into a 2-D TL or CTL array by an automatic mesh algorithm. The equivalent distributed circuit, including skin loss effect at high frequencies, represents this power ground plane pair. The theory is extended to be applicable to a generic multiple dielectric layer structure. The model computation results are in excellent agreement with S parameter measurements for practical frequency ranges, including the first major resonant nulls and peaks. The null or peak of the S parameter frequency response represents the test port interaction with the resonant standing wave of these planes at that frequency. The resultant S parameter data of these models can be condensed into a simpler N port equivalent circuit to represent a larger hierarchical power and ground plane network for fast simulation.
Alkane C—H Bond Activation by O-Donor Ir Complexes (2004)

The first examples of well-defined, O-donor ligated, Ir complexes that are competent for alkane C-H activation to generate Ir-alkyl complexes are reported. The O-donor complexes exhibit thermal and protic stability and are efficient catalysts for H/D exchange reactions with alkanes. Somewhat surprisingly, the O-donor Ir alkyl complexes with β-CH bonds are stable to generation of coordinated or uncoordinated olefinic products. Mechanistic studies suggest that while these O-donor Ir-alkyl complexes undergo β-hydride elimination reactions these reactions are reversible and unproductive.
Line-Start Permanent-Magnet Machines Using a Canned Rotor (2009)

Various line-start permanent-magnet (PM) machines have been around for many years: these offer the advantages of line-starting as an induction machine and running synchronously as a PM machine, both from a fixed-frequency supply. The major disadvantage is the uncertainty of successful synchronization, particularly with loads combining high inertia with high load torque. Virtually all conventional line-start PM machines use a cage-type induction winding embedded into the rotor along with the magnets. This paper describes an unusual variant of this type: comprising a very simple rotor construction of surface-mounted rotor magnets contained within an annular conducting rotor can which acts as the induction winding but can also provide environmental containment if the application requires it. The purpose of this paper is to describe the canned motor concept in detail so that its potential for other motor/drive applications can be assessed. This paper also develops and describes an analytical dynamic electromechanical model using ldquolayer theory.rdquo Experimental results demonstrating successful operation of a 2.5-kW prototype machine are presented together with the simulated results using the dynamic model. The influence of certain key design features on the synchronization process is also included.
Chemotherapy of Burkitt's Lymphoma (1969)

namely, salmonella enteritis and bacillary dysentery.
The Measurement of 2-Thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic Acid as an Index of the<i>in Vivo</i>Release of CS<sub>2</sub>by Dithiocarbamates (1996)

Dithiocarbamates and their disulfides are used extensively as agricultural fungicides, as accelerators of the vulcanization process of rubber in industry, and as therapeutic agents in medicine. The widespread uses of these compounds in agriculture, industry, and medicine provide many avenues of exposure to the human population. Subchronic to chronic exposures to some dithiocarbamates have resulted in the development of neuropathy in humans and experimental animals. Decomposition to CS2 presents a potential mechanism through which the toxicity of dithiocarbamates may be mediated. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of dithiocarbamates to release CS2 in vivo. The ability to release CS2 was assessed by measuring urinary 2-thiothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid (TTCA), which is used in industry to measure the exposure of workers to CS2. In this study, rats were housed individually in metabolic cages and given daily equimolar ip or po doses (1.5 mmol/kg) of N,N-diethyldithio-carbamate (DEDC), disulfiram (DS), N-methyldithiocarbamate (NMDC), or CS2 for 5 days, and TTCA was measured in urine collected at 24 h intervals. For each compound administered, TTCA was produced in all of the treated animals and the amount of TTCA eliminated in urine from po administration was significantly greater than that from ip administration. The relative rates of TTCA elimination in urine were DS > DEDC approximately equal to CS2 > NMDC for both routes of administration. Following administration of N,N-diethyl[13C = S] dithiocarbamate, carbon-13 enrichment at the thiocarbonyl carbon of TTCA was demonstrated using 13C NMR. Analysis of urinary TTCA proved to be useful both for establishing the in vivo release of CS2 by dithiocarbamate containing compounds and for evaluating the bioavailability of CS2. The results appear especially relevant to disulfiram, which is given orally for sustained periods in the treatment of alcoholism and has resulted in the development of neuropathy in susceptible individuals.
Electric-field-induced metal maintained by current of the Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 (2013)

Recently, "application of electric field (E-field)" has received considerable attention as a new method to induce novel quantum phenomena since application of E-field can tune the electronic states directly with obvious scientific and industrial advantages over other turning methods. However, E-field-induced Mott transitions are rare and typically require high E-field and low temperature. Here we report that the multiband Mott insulator Ca2RuO4 shows unique insulator-metal switching induced by applying a dry-battery level voltage at room temperature. The threshold field Eth ~40 V/cm is much weaker than the Mott gap energy. Moreover, the switching is accompanied by a bulk structural transition. Perhaps the most peculiar of the present findings is that the induced metal can be maintained to low temperature by a weak current.
Proposals for the Improvement of the Administration of Criminal Justice in Indiana (1926)

The general assembly of the state of Indiana soon will convene in regular session.A part of its work will be to consider proposals for the improvement of the administration of criminal justice in Indiana.The purpose of this article is to set out certain proposals which have been receiving the consideration of lawyers, judges, prosecuting attorneys, and of other citizens of Indiana and of other states.Many of these proposals have been endorsed by the Committee on Criminal Procedure and Judicial Administration of the National Crime Commission,' by the Survey Committee of the Missouri Association for Criminal Justice,2 and by committees of the American Law Institute. 3 The Indiana State Bar Association's Committee on Criminal Jurisprudence, also, has endorsed many of these proposals, and will submit appropriate bills to the legislature at the forth-*See Biographical note, p. 256.
Gated Channels and Selectivity Tuning of CO<sub>2</sub> over N<sub>2</sub> Sorption by Post‐Synthetic Modification of a UiO‐66‐Type Metal–Organic Framework (2016)

The highly porous and stable metal-organic framework (MOF) UiO-66 was altered using post-synthetic modifications (PSMs). Prefunctionalization allowed the introduction of carbon double bonds into the framework through a four-step synthesis from 2-bromo-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid; the organic linker 2-allyl-1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid was obtained. The corresponding functionalized MOF (UiO-66-allyl) served as a platform for further PSMs. From UiO-66-allyl, epoxy, dibromide, thioether, diamine, and amino alcohol functionalities were synthesized. The abilities of these compounds to adsorb CO2 and N2 were compared, which revealed the structure-selectivity correlations. All synthesized MOFs showed profound thermal stability together with an increased ability for selective CO2 uptake and molecular gate functionalities at low temperatures.
Visible Light-Driven Photocatalytic Degradation of Rhodamine B over NaBiO<sub>3</sub>: Pathways and Mechanism (2009)

The photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B (RhB) over NaBiO3 under visible light irradiation was investigated in this study. RhB (20 mg/L) was almost completely decolorized in 30 min in given conditions. It was found that catalyst heating temperature significantly influenced the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst in which crystal water may played an important role, and the original sample exhibited higher activity than the heated samples did. To scrutinize the mechanistic details of the dye photodegradation, several critical analytical methods including UV-vis spectroscopy, HPLC, LC/MS/MS, and GC/MS were utilized to monitor the temporal course of the reaction. All N-deethylation intermediates and several small molecular products were separated and identified. The yield distinctness between two isomer intermediates (DR and EER) was considered to be correlated with the changes in the electron density of the dye molecule. Then two possible competitive photodegradation pathways of RhB over NaBiO3 were proposed: Chromophore cleavage and N-deethylation. Yet, cleavage of dye chromophore structure predominated over the N-deethylation.
Kinetics of the Degradation of Polyesters by Alcohols<sup>1</sup> (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTKinetics of the Degradation of Polyesters by Alcohols1Paul J. FloryCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 9, 2255–2261Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01866a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01866a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views291Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Retargetable pipeline hazard detection for partially bypassed processors (2006)

Register bypassing is a widely used feature in modern processors to eliminate certain data hazards. Although complete bypassing is ideal for performance, it has significant impact on the cycle time, area, and power consumption of the processor. Owing to the strict design constraints on the performance, cost, and the power consumption of embedded processor systems, architects seek a compromise between the design parameters by implementing partial bypassing in processors. However, partial bypassing in processors presents challenges for compilation. Traditional data hazard detection and/or avoidance techniques used in retargetable compilers that assume a constant value of operation latency, break down in the presence of partial bypassing. In this article, we present the concept of operation tables (OTs) that can be used to accurately detect data hazards, even in the presence of incomplete bypassing. OTs integrate the detection of all kinds of pipeline hazards in a unified framework, and can, therefore, be easily deployed in a compiler to generate better schedules. Our experimental results on the popular Intel XScale embedded processor running embedded applications from the MiBench suite, demonstrate that accurate pipeline hazard detection by OTs can result in up to 20% performance improvement over the best performing GCC generated code. Finally, we demonstrate the usefulness of OTs over various bypass configurations of the Intel XScale
Nucleotide sequence of the Fbp gene from Neisseria meningitidis (1990)

Journal Article Nucleotide sequence of the Fbp gene from Neisseria meningitidis Get access Sally A. Berish, Sally A. Berish Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Laboratory Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease ControlAtlanta, GA 30333, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Darrell R. Kapczynski, Darrell R. Kapczynski Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Laboratory Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease ControlAtlanta, GA 30333, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Stephen A. Morse Stephen A. Morse * Division of Sexually Transmitted Diseases Laboratory Research, Center for Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease ControlAtlanta, GA 30333, USA *To whom correspondence should be addressed Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 15, 11 August 1990, Page 4596, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.15.4596 Published: 11 August 1990 Article history Received: 28 June 1990 Published: 11 August 1990
Breakdown mechanism in short-channel MOS transistors (1978)

In this paper a new breakdown mechanism in a short channel MOS transistor is proposed based on experimental measurements of substrate currents. We have observed a negative resistance in the substrate current followed by conductivity modulation, similar to the operation of a unijunction transistor during switching. By adding an external substrate resistance, saturation of the substrate current was observed in conjunction with the turn-on of the parasitic NPN (source-substrate-drain) bi-polar transistor. Breakdown of the device will occur when the drain bias reaches BV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</inf> of this parasitic bipolar transistor. The channel length dependence of the breakdown voltage of the short channel MOS transistor can then be explained by the dependence of BV <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CEO</inf> on the base width.
Suppression by IgA of IgG-mediated phagocytosis by human polymorphonuclear leucocytes. (1978)

IgA from normal human serum, a myeloma IgA and human colostral IgA were found to inhibit the IgG-dependent phagocytosis of Candida albicans (CA) blastospores by polymorphonuclear leucocytes (PMN) from normal human subjects. The inhibition was dependent on the Fc portion of IgA, was enhanced by heat treatment (56°C for 20 min) and depended on binding to the PMN, but not to the opsonized particle. Binding of CA to the PMN IgG Fc receptor was inhibited, whilst the binding to the PMN C3b receptor was unaffected.
What is software testing? And why is it so hard? (2000)

The author sheds some light on why testing today's software products is so challenging, and he identifies several solid approaches that all testers should be able to thoughtfully apply. The effective tester has a rich toolkit of fundamental testing techniques, understands how the product will be used in its operating environment, and has a nose for where subtle bugs might lurk in the product and a bag of tricks for flushing them out. The methods described can help testers provide a sensible answer to the question of what they really mean when they say they have finished testing a software system.
WLC13-6: Receiver Directed Adaptation of Multicode CDMA Transmission for Frequency-Selective Rayleigh Fading Channels (2006)

Future wireless communication systems require highly efficient use of radio parameters. Adaptability to changing environment conditions and to service application requirements is of great importance for the design of link adaptation. In this paper, we consider the joint optimization of CDMA radio parameters to maximize the instantaneous throughput for a bit error rate (BER) target. In order to increase the granularity of the adaptation in CDMA systems, combined adaptive multicode and multilevel modulation is employed. We show that this combined adaptation additionally enhances throughput in frequency-selective environments. Optimized link adaptation requires the knowledge of the channel impulse response as well as the used receiver model. Therefore, we assume that the receiver user equipment reports to the transmitter the optimum transport format maximizing the instantaneous bit rate so that a BER target is met. Joint optimization of radio parameters is based on analytical receiver performance evaluation. We assume single user multicode CDMA transmission during each time-slot. The available throughput is evaluated over frequency-selective channels for RAKE receivers and for more advanced equalizers such as joint multi-code block linear equalizers.
Platelet Activating Factor and Conception (1996)

PAF is intimately involved in conception.
Technique for monolithic fabrication of silicon microlenses with selectable rim angles (1997)

Spherical microlenses are fabricated in a modified melting technology. Resist cylinders are patterned by photolithography and subsequently dissolved in a controlled solvent atmosphere. This technique enables the fabrication of spherical resist microlenses of selectable rim angles in the range from 1 to 30 deg. Photoresist microlenses with a focal length of 20 mm, a diameter of 1 mm and a good sphericity are realized. The photoresist lenses are transferred into the silicon substrate through reactive ion etching. Within the inner 80% of the lens diameter, the deviation of the silicon lenses from a sphere amounts to less than ?/20 at ?51.55?m. The resist and silicon lenses are characterized by mechanical and interferometric methods. This technology is compared with the well established melting technique.
Size dependence of the propulsion velocity for catalytic Janus-sphere swimmers (2012)

The propulsion velocity of active colloids that asymmetrically catalyze a chemical reaction is probed experimentally as a function of their sizes. It is found that over the experimentally accessible range, the velocity decays as a function of size, with a rate that is compatible with an inverse size dependence. A diffusion-reaction model for the concentrations of the fuel and waste molecules that takes into account a two-step process for the asymmetric catalytic activity on the surface of the colloid is shown to predict a similar behavior for colloids at the large size limit, with a saturation for smaller sizes.
Vacancies and Interstitials in Heat Treated Germanium (1954)

Annealing experiments on the thermal acceptors quenched into germanium by rapid cooling from high temperatures are used to deduce information about vacancies and interstitials in germanium. Annealing is studied at a series of temperatures and a critical temperature is found at 516\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C. Above 516\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, the annealing curves suggest a bimolecular recombination process implying that the heat treatment produces comparable numbers of vacancies and interstitials (Frenkel defects) which disappear by mutual annihilation. Below 516\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C, the data can be explained by a model in which interstitials are trapped near dislocations before much recombination can occur with vacancies. As a result of these experiments and their interpretation, interstitials are believed to be more mobile than vacancies below, and possibly above, 516\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}C.
Inflamatory bowel diseases as an intermediate stage between normal and cancer: A FTIR‐microspectroscopy approach (2004)

Elucidation of the evolution of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) to cancer by clinical symptoms and histopathology of biopsies is important. Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIR-MSP) has shown promise as a diagnostic tool for distinction of normal and cancer cells and tissues. In the present work, FTIR-MSP is used to evaluate IBD cases and to study the IR spectral characteristic with respect to cancer and normal tissues from formalin-fixed colonic biopsies from patients. Specific regions of the spectra were analyzed by statistical tools to study variations in metabolites that signified changes between the two pathological conditions: IBD and cancer. IBD tissues can be grouped with cancer or normal tissue using certain parameters such as phosphate content and RNA/DNA ratio as calculated from the spectra and show intermediate levels with regard to these metabolites. Further classification of the spectra by cluster analysis indicated which cases of Crohn's disease (3 of 10 cases) or ulcerative colitis (7 of 10 cases) were more likely to progress to cancer. The study exhibits that FTIR-MSP can detect gross biochemical changes in morphologically identical IBD and cancer tissues and suggest which cases of IBD may require further evaluation for carcinogenesis.
Rational Hydrogel Formulation Leads to Reversible and Enhanced Photocontrolled Rigidity (2017)

Abstract Stimuli‐responsive hydrogels are essential for the future development of synthetic materials that could exchange information with living tissues. In this Article, we present the synthesis of biocompatible hydrogels with an unprecedented range of photocontrolled rigidity. The hydrogels are based on dual physical and chemical crosslinking. Chemical crosslinks are the result of thiol maleimide Michael addition; physical crosslinks are based on host–guest interactions between azobenzene and β‐cyclodextrin moieties. The final properties of the materials are tuned by a design‐of‐experiment approach. This strategy enables us to obtain a hydrogel with mechanical properties close to routinely used agarose gel while maintaining a low UV‐visible absorption. The Young's modulus is monitored in real time during AFM nanoindentation experiments under irradiation. Upon UV and visible irradiation cycles, the hydrogel exhibits a range of reversible evolution greater than 30 %, which is also associated with cycles of swelling/shrinking. A biocompatible hydrogel with predictable and phototunable stiffness and a high variation in mechanical properties has thus been obtained for the first time.