gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SARS-CoV-2 and Three Related Coronaviruses Utilize Multiple ACE2 Orthologs and Are Potently Blocked by an Improved ACE2-Ig (2020)

The ongoing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused >20 million infections and >750,000 deaths. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the etiological agent of COVID-19, has been found closely related to the bat coronavirus strain RaTG13 (Bat-CoV RaTG13) and a recently identified pangolin coronavirus (Pangolin-CoV-2020). Here, we first investigated the ability of SARS-CoV-2 and three related coronaviruses to utilize animal orthologs of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) for cell entry. We found that ACE2 orthologs of a wide range of domestic and wild mammals, including camels, cattle, horses, goats, sheep, cats, rabbits, and pangolins, were able to support cell entry of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting that these species might be able to harbor and spread this virus. In addition, the pangolin and bat coronaviruses, Pangolin-CoV-2020 and Bat-CoV RaTG13, were also found able to utilize human ACE2 and a number of animal-ACE2 orthologs for cell entry, indicating risks of spillover of these viruses into humans in the future. We then developed potently anticoronavirus ACE2-Ig proteins that are broadly effective against the four distinct coronaviruses. In particular, through truncating ACE2 at its residue 740 but not 615, introducing a D30E mutation, and adopting an antibody-like tetrameric-ACE2 configuration, we generated an ACE2-Ig variant that neutralizes SARS-CoV-2 at picomolar range. These data demonstrate that the improved ACE2-Ig variants developed in this study could potentially be developed to protect from SARS-CoV-2 and some other SARS-like viruses that might spillover into humans in the future.<b>IMPORTANCE</b> The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the etiological agent of the currently uncontrolled coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It is important to study the host range of SARS-CoV-2, because some domestic species might harbor the virus and transmit it back to humans. In addition, insight into the ability of SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-like viruses to utilize animal orthologs of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2 might provide structural insight into improving ACE2-based viral entry inhibitors. In this study, we found that ACE2 orthologs of a wide range of domestic and wild animals can support cell entry of SARS-CoV-2 and three related coronaviruses, providing insights into identifying animal hosts of these viruses. We also developed recombinant ACE2-Ig proteins that are able to potently block these viral infections, providing a promising approach to developing antiviral proteins broadly effective against these distinct coronaviruses.
Gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 promotes corneal epithelial defects healing in rats. (2005)

We evaluated the role of human gastric pentadecapeptide BPC 157 in corneal epithelial defects healing in rats. 48 rats, in 4 groups (N=12). Total debridement of corneal epithelium preformed unilaterally and lesions stained and photographed. Animals medicated as follows: distilled water (control group) or BPC 157 2 pg/ml, 2 ng/ml, 2 microg/ml, 2 drops/rat eye started immediately after injury induction, every 8 hours up to 40 hours (i.e., at 0, 8, 16, 24, 32, 40 h). Lesions were photographed before application or sacrifice (at 48 h). Defect area was analyzed using a special program. Through 48 hour period a steady recovery is noted in controls. Recovery was markedly accelerated in eyes on microg- or ng-topical regimen of BPC 157 (p < 0.05). Of note, unlike control lesion present also after 48 h, these lesions disappeared already following 40 h (microg) or 48 h (ng) post-injury. BPC 157 was shown to be effective in promoting corneal defects healing in rats. Results were dose dependent.
Recent Advances in Design and Fabrication of Upconversion Nanoparticles and Their Safe Theranostic Applications (2013)

Lanthanide (Ln) doped upconversion nanoparticles (UCNPs) have attracted enormous attention in the recent years due to their unique upconversion luminescent properties that enable the conversion of low-energy photons (near infrared photons) into high-energy photons (visible to ultraviolet photons) via the multiphoton processes. This feature makes them ideal for bioimaging applications with attractive advantages such as no autofluorescence from biotissues and a large penetration depth. In addition, by incorporating advanced features, such as specific targeting, multimodality imaging and therapeutic delivery, the application of UCNPs has been dramatically expanded. In this review, we first summarize the recent developments in the fabrication strategies of UCNPs with the desired size, enhanced and tunable upconversion luminescence, as well as the combined multifunctionality. We then discuss the chemical methods applied for UCNPs surface functionalization to make these UCNPs biocompatible and water-soluble, and further highlight some representative examples of using UCNPs for in vivo bioimaging, NIR-triggered drug/gene delivery applications and photodynamic therapy. In the perspectives, we discuss the need of systematically nanotoxicology data for rational designs of UCNPs materials, their surface chemistry in safer biomedical applications. The UCNPs can actually provide an ideal multifunctionalized platform for solutions to many key issues in the front of medical sciences such as theranostics, individualized therapeutics, multimodality medicine, etc.
Sterols. C. Diosgenin<sup>1</sup> (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSterols. C. Diosgenin1Russell E. Marker, Takeo Tsukamoto, and D. L. TurnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 9, 2525–2532Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01866a072https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01866a072research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views618Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Loss of serum response element-binding activity and hyperphosphorylation of serum response factor during cellular aging. (1994)

Human diploid fibroblasts undergo a limited number of population doublings in vitro and are used widely as a model of cellular aging. Despite growing evidence that cellular aging occurs as a consequence of altered gene expression, little is known about the activity of transcription factors in aging cells. Here, we report a dramatic reduction in the ability of proteins extracted from the nuclei of near-senescent fibroblasts to bind the serum response element which is necessary for serum-induced transcription of the c-fos gene. In contrast, the activities of proteins binding to the RNA polymerase core element, TATA, as well as to the cyclic AMP response element were maintained during cellular aging. While no major differences in the expression of the serum response factor (SRF) that binds the serum response element were seen between early-passage and late-passage cells, hyperphosphorylation of SRF was observed in near-senescent cells. Furthermore, removal of phosphatase inhibitors during the isolation of endogenous nuclear proteins restored the ability of SRF isolated from old cells to bind the SRE. These data, therefore, indicate that hyperphosphorylation of SRF plays a role in altering the ability of this protein to bind to DNA and regulate gene expression in senescent cells.
Influence of Laser Beam Profiles on the Performance of Laser‐Driven Flyers (2020)

Abstract In order to reveal the influence of laser beam profiles on the performance of laser‐driven flyers, three different laser beam profiles including original laser beam, reshaped laser beam and optical fiber output laser beam were used to launch the flyer plates. The original laser beam showed plenty of “hot spots”. A lenslet array was used to reshape the original laser beam and a much smoother intensity distribution was obtained. Both original and reshaped laser beams were coupled to optical fibers. Results showed that the laser energy that a fiber can reliably transmit increased 29 % and reached up to 59 mJ by reshaping the original laser beam. Furthermore, PDV measurements indicated that there was a 68 % increase in flyer velocity when the flyer was driven by a fiber coupled laser instead of the original laser, and the flyer velocity could reach up to 1.5 km/s when irradiated by a 50 mJ laser. Aside from the velocity increase, the fiber coupled laser was proven to be capable of producing controllable planar and intact flyer. A fiber coupled laser initiation system incorporating a laser slapper detonator was developed. The fine grain CL‐20 was successfully initiated using the fiber coupled laser initiation system under 40 mJ laser energy, implicating the fiber coupled system is applicable in high energy explosive initiations.
Serum type <scp>XVI</scp> collagen is associated with colorectal cancer and ulcerative colitis indicating a pathological role in gastrointestinal disorders (2018)

Altered extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling is an important part of the pathology of gastrointestinal (GI) disorders. In the intestine, type XVI collagen (col-16) plays a role in pathogenesis by affecting ECM architecture and induce cell invasion. Measuring col-16 in serum may therefore have biomarker potential in GI disorders such as colorectal cancer (CRC) and ulcerative colitis (UC). The aim of this study was to determine whether col-16 can serve as a biomarker for altered ECM remodeling in patients with CRC and UC. A monoclonal antibody was raised against the C-terminal end of col-16 (PRO-C16), and a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and technically validated. Levels of PRO-C16 were measured in serum from patients with CRC (before (n = 50) and 3 months after (n = 23) tumor resections), UC (n = 39) and healthy controls (n = 50). The PRO-C16 ELISA was specific toward the C-terminal of col-16. PRO-C16 was significantly elevated both in serum from patients with CRC (P = 0.0026) and UC (P < 0.0001) compared to controls. No difference was detected in levels of PRO-C16 between patients with CRC at baseline and 3 months after tumor resections (P > 0.999). Levels of PRO-C16 identified patients with a GI disorder with a positive predictive value of 0.9 and an odds ratio of 12 (95%CI = 4.5-29.5, P < 0.0001). The newly developed assay detected significantly elevated levels of PRO-C16 in serum from patients with GI disorders compared to controls suggesting its potential as a biomarker in this setting. Future studies are needed to validate these findings.
Water Vapor Profiling Using a Widely Tunable, Amplified Diode-Laser-Based Differential Absorption Lidar (DIAL) (2008)

Abstract A differential absorption lidar (DIAL) instrument for automated profiling of water vapor in the lower troposphere has been designed, tested, and is in routine operation at Montana State University. The laser transmitter for the DIAL instrument uses a widely tunable external cavity diode laser (ECDL) to injection seed two cascaded semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) to produce a laser transmitter that accesses the 824–841-nm spectral range. The DIAL receiver utilizes a 28-cm-diameter Schmidt–Cassegrain telescope; an avalanche photodiode (APD) detector; and a narrowband optical filter to collect, discriminate, and measure the scattered light. A technique of correcting for the wavelength-dependent incident angle upon the narrowband optical filter as a function of range has been developed to allow accurate water vapor profiles to be measured down to 225 m above the surface. Data comparisons using the DIAL instrument and collocated radiosonde measurements are presented demonstrating the capabilities of the DIAL instrument.
Intimal proliferation in an organ culture of human saphenous vein. (1990)

This study investigated whether intimal proliferation, the characteristic feature of the response of human saphenous vein to arterial implantation, also occurs in organ culture. Vein segments were maintained for 14 days in medium supplemented with 30% fetal bovine serum. Tissue viability (measured by adenosine triphosphate [ATP] concentration) decreased only 20% from 280 +/- 20 to 220 +/- 20 nmol/g wet weight. In veins prepared for culturing, endothelial loss (approximately 20%) was confined to near the cut edges. Cultured veins retained an endothelial layer in the initially undamaged areas, while the initially injured areas became covered by a mixture of endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells. Autoradiography in conjunction with scanning electron microscopy showed the presence of proliferating cells on the intimal surface. Transverse sections of cultured veins showed the development of a new intima containing vascular smooth muscle cells identified by immunocytochemistry with anti-alpha-actin. There were also endothelial cells identified with Ulex europaeus lectin arranged in capillarylike structures. Pulse or continuous labeling of cultures with [3H]thymidine showed that proliferating cells were confined to the new intima and suggested that the smooth muscle cells in this layer arose from both immigration and proliferation. The results demonstrate that intimal proliferation occurs in organ culture of human saphenous veins.
Überwachung vom Erdgastransportleitungen (2002)

Die weltweiten Fortschritte in hochauflösender Fernerkundungs- und Bildverarbeitungstechnik lassen es jetzt zu, ein System zur Erdgasleitungsüberwachung mit weltraumgestützten Sensoren zu konzipieren und in eine gezielte anwendungsorientierte Diskussion mit Satellitenbetreibern einzutreten. Das Konzept für ein weltraumgestütztes Leitungsüberwachungssystem umfasst die Fusion hochaufgelöster Fernerkundungsdaten unterschiedlicher Sensoren und ihre situationsbezogene Auswertung mit neuartigen Verfahren der Bildanalyse.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed <i>cis</i>‐Dihydroxylation of Alkenes: Scope and Limitations (1996)

Abstract Oxidative ruthenium catalysis (0.07 molequiv RuCl 3 ·(H 2 o) 3 , 1.5 molequiv NaIO 4 , EtOAc/CH 3 CH 3 CN/H 2 O 3:3:1), beyond the usual CC bond cleavage to give dicarbonyls, has been shown to syn ‐dihydroxylate a wide range of alkenes (except for strained bicyclic alkenes, sterically hindered trisubstituted alkenes, and most tetrasubstituted alkenes) to give vicinal diols rapidly (within minutes) and efficiently. The minor products are the usual oxidative fission products, namely, ketones and aldehydes or carboxylic acids, and sometimes ketols. Longer reaction times lower the yields of most diols, probably owing to oxidative glycol cleavage. Reactions with substrates containing one or more electron‐with‐drawing groups in conjugation with or adjacent to the alkene moiety are generally slower but give better yields. The diastereoselectivity of the present “flash” dihydroxylation, anti to the existing α‐stereogenic center, with cycloalkenes is excellent whereas that with acyclic alkenes is moderate to poor. Sodium metaperiodate is still the best co‐oxidant for the catalytic reaction. Aqueous acetonitrile (approximately 86%) as an alternative solvent system was found to give better yields of 1,2‐diols than the original solvent system in some cases.
Effect of Lanthanide Oxide Additives on the High-Temperature Charge Acceptance Characteristics of Pasted Nickel Electrodes (2001)

For the purpose of increasing high-temperature charge acceptance of nickel-metal hydride (NiMH) secondary batteries, we studied effect on the charge acceptance of pasted nickel electrodes by adding the oxides of a series of lanthanides (Pr to Lu) with the nickel hydroxide active material in the temperature range 20-60°C. The oxides of heavy lanthanides Er, Tm, Yb, and Lu or their mischmetal oxides, were found to shift the oxygen evolution overpotential of nickel electrodes to more noble potentials than other lanthanides and to be particularly effective in raising the high-temperature charge acceptance of nickel electrodes. The higher oxygen overpotential was correlated with the uniform distribution of the heavier lanthanides having amphoteric character. Application to sealed NiMH batteries yielded a charge acceptance of about 80% at 70°C. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
The single pixel GPS (2012)

We present algorithms for simplifying and clustering patterns from sensors such as GPS, LiDAR, and other devices that can produce high-dimensional signals. The algorithms are suitable for handling very large (e.g. terabytes) streaming data and can be run in parallel on networks or clouds. Applications include compression, denoising, activity recognition, road matching, and map generation.
Bone Dynamics in Metabolic Bone Disease (1966)

Associate Orthopaedic Surgeon and Director, Orhopaedic Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Hosptial, Detroit, Michigan
Synthesis of copper quantum dots by chemical reduction method and tailoring of its band gap (2016)

Metallic copper nano particles are synthesized with citric acid and CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) as surfactant and chlorides as precursors. The particle size and surface morphology are analyzed by High Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy. The average size of the nano particle is found to be 3 - 10 nm. The optical absorption characteristics are done by UV-Visible spectrophotometer. From the Tauc plots, the energy band gaps are calculated and because of their smaller size the particles have much higher band gap than the bulk material. The energy band gap is changed from 3.67 eV to 4.27 eV in citric acid coated copper quantum dots and 4.17 eV to 4.52 eV in CTAB coated copper quantum dots.
Stability constants of uranium(IV)-α-isosaccharinic acid and gluconic acid complexes (2004)

Summary Conditional and pH independent stability constants have been determined for U(IV) α-isosaccharinic acid (ISA) and gluconic acid (Gl) complexes, under anaerobic and carbonate-free conditions, from pH 3 to 14. The constants are needed for nuclear waste repository performance assessment purposes. The constants were obtained by developing an approach based on the solubility product of amorphous UO 2 ·2H 2 O. The derived pH independent log β values for U(OH) 4 ISA and U(OH) 4 Gl were 49±2 and 50±1 respectively.
Comparison of High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry with GC Methods in Analysis of Haloacetic Acids in Drinking Water (2003)

Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are major byproducts of chlorination of drinking water. Electrospray ionization high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry mass spectrometry (ESI-FAIMS-MS) provides a tool for direct monitoring of these compounds. However, treated drinking water samples can be challenging to analyze due to the large number of chemicals present and due to matrix effects that can hinder quantitation of analytes. We developed a standard addition ESI-FAIMS-MS method that permits submicrogram per liter detection of haloacetic acids and overcomes matrix effects. An advantage of FAIMS is increased selectivity through a significant reduction in the chemical background from ESI. Moreover, detection limits with this method are much lower than with previously existing GC and GC/MS methods, and quantitation results compare favorably with other existing methods. This new method does not require sample preparation or chromatographic separation and provides a fast, simple, sensitive, and selective method for monitoring HAAs.
Cell adhesion and phagocytosis promoted by monoclonal antibodies not directed against fibronectin receptors (1988)

In this report we describe cell adhesion and phagocytosis promoted by two monoclonal antibodies that were selected for immunofluorescence staining of non-permeabilized baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells. Anti-BHK1 staining was heaviest along cell margins, whereas anti-BHK2 staining was continuous along cell margins. Neither antibody stained elongated plaque structures such as were observed when cells were reacted with antibodies to fibronectin (FN) receptors. The monoclonal antibodies functioned as adhesion ligands in four different assays: attachment to culture dishes, spreading, binding of latex beads and phagocytosis. Anti-BHK1 and anti-BHK2 promoted attachment to culture dishes similarly, but anti-BHK2 was more effective at promoting cell spreading. Antibody-promoted cell spreading was inhibited by the peptides Ser-Asp-Gly-Arg and Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro but not by other, related, peptides tested. The monoclonal antibodies also promoted binding of latex beads, and the bead binding sites were motile, on the basis of their 'capping' response. Nevertheless, anti-BHK2 beads were phagocytosed by cells 5- to 20-fold more efficiently than anti-BHK1 beads. The binding sites for anti-BHK1 and anti-BHK2 were characterized by immunoprecipitation experiments. Anti-BHK1 binding sites contained 50K (K = 10(3) Mr) and 88K components under non-reducing conditions that migrated as a 51/53K doublet and a 93K component under reducing conditions. On the other hand, anti-BHK2 binding sites contained 88K and 110K components under non-reducing conditions that shifted to apparent 107K and 128K values when measured under reducing conditions.
Random walks and anO*(n5) volume algorithm for convex bodies (1997)

Given a high dimensional convex body K⊆ℝn by a separation oracle, we can approximate its volume with relative error ε, using O*(n5) oracle calls. Our algorithm also brings the body into isotropic position. As all previous randomized volume algorithms, we use “rounding” followed by a multiphase Monte-Carlo (product estimator) technique. Both parts rely on sampling (generating random points in K), which is done by random walk. Our algorithm introduces three new ideas: the use of the isotropic position (or at least an approximation of it) for rounding; the separation of global obstructions (diameter) and local obstructions (boundary problems) for fast mixing; and a stepwise interlacing of rounding and sampling. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Random Struct. Alg., 11, 1–50, 1997
Crown Ether Complex Salts as Conductive Dopants for Nematic Liquids (1973)

Abstract series of crown ether complex salts was demonstrated to increase significantly the electrical conductivity of mesomorphic liquids for the purpose of inducing dynamic scattering. The cations of these salts, synthesized by well-known procedures, were the complexes of sodium and potassium primarily with dicyclohexyl- 18-crown-6, and organic anions of varying size, shape and flexibility were employed. The salts exhibited both satisfactory solubility arid degree of dissociation to be useful as charge carries in chlorostilbenes, Schiff bases and azoxybenzenes. The conductivity, cut-off frequency and threshold voltage for the (low frequency) electrohydrodynamic instability were measured for several combinations. The concentration dependence of the equivalent conductivity indicates that a large portion of the charge is carried by associated (triple) ions. In chlorostilbones, the available range of conduct, ivities with these dopants is about 10−12 to 10−7ohm−1cm−1.