gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sub-10 nm Hexagonal Lanthanide-Doped NaLuF<sub>4</sub> Upconversion Nanocrystals for Sensitive Bioimaging in Vivo (2011)

By thermal decomposition in the presence only of oleylamine, sub-10 nm hexagonal NaLuF(4)-based nanocrystals codoped with Gd(3+), Yb(3+), and Er(3+) (or Tm(3+)) have been successfully synthesized. Sub-10 nm β-NaLuF(4): 24 mol % Gd(3+), 20 mol % Yb(3+), 1 mol % Tm(3+) nanocrystals display bright upconversion luminescence (UCL) with a quantum yield of 0.47 ± 0.06% under continuous-wave excitation at 980 nm. Furthermore, through the use of β-NaLuF(4):Gd(3+),Yb(3+),Tm(3+) nanocrystals as a luminescent label, the detection limit of <50 nanocrystal-labeled cells was achieved for whole-body photoluminescent imaging of a small animal (mouse), and high-contrast UCL imaging of a whole-body black mouse with a penetration depth of ~2 cm was achieved.
Macular Amyloidosis Presented as Depressed Patches on the Face (2008)

We report a 58-year-old woman with an unusual clinical presentation of macular amyloidosis who had erythematous depressed patches without rippled pattern. The lesion was localized involving only the face: both lateral sides of the forehead. A skin biopsy revealed amyloid deposits on the papillay dermis. An immunofluorescence study demonstrated positivity for IgA in the amyloid deposits. The skin lesion of this patient could easily be confused with chronic cutaneous lupus erythematousus and the immunofluorescence finding suggests the possibility of specific immunoglobulin absorption of amyloid deposits. (Korean J Dermatol 2008;46(2):285∼288)
Conversion of Light into Electricity with Trinuclear Ruthenium Complexes Adsorbed on Textured TiO<sub>2</sub> Films (1990)

Abstract A series of CN‐bridged trinuclear Ru complexes of the general structure [RuL 2 (μ‐(CN)Ru(CN)L 2 ′) 2 ] where L is 2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid and L′ is 2,2′‐bipyridine ( 1 )2,2′‐bipyridine‐4,4′‐dicarboxylic acid ( 2 ), 4,4′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine ( 3 ), 4,4′‐diphenyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine ( 4 ), 1,10‐phenanthroline ( 5 ), and bathophenanthrolinedisulfonic acid ( 6 ) have been synthesized, and their spectral and electrochemical properties investigated. The two carboxylic functions on the 2,2′‐bipyridine ligand L serve as interlocking groups through which the dye is attached at the surface of TiO 2 films having a specific surface texture. The role of these interlocking groups is to provide strong electronic coupling between the π* orbital of the 2,2′‐bipyridine and the 3d‐wave‐function manifold of the conduction band of the TiO 2 , allowing the charge injection to proceed at quantum yields close to 100 %. The charge injection and recombination dynamics have been studied with colloidal TiO 2 , using laser photolysis technique in conjunction with time‐resolved optical spectroscopy. Photocurrent action spectra obtained from photo‐electrochemical experiments with these trinuclear complexes cover a very broad range in the visible, making them attractive candidates for solar light harvesting. Monochromatic incident photon‐to‐current conversion efficiencies are strikingly high exceeding 80% in some cases. Performance characteristics of regenerative cells operating with these trinuclear complexes and ethanolic triiodide/iodide redox electrolyte have been investigated. Optimal results were obtained with complex 1 which gave a fill factor of 75 % and a power conversion efficiency of 11.3% at 520 nm.
A Novel Methylation PCR that Offers Standardized Determination of FMR1 Methylation and CGG Repeat Length without Southern Blot Analysis (2013)

Fragile X syndrome and associated disorders are characterized by the number of CGG repeats and methylation status of the FMR1 gene for which Southern blot (SB) historically has been required for analysis. This study describes a simple PCR-only workflow (mPCR) to replace SB analysis, that incorporates novel procedural controls, treatment of the DNA in separate control and methylation-sensitive restriction endonuclease reactions, amplification with labeled primers, and two-color amplicon sizing by capillary electrophoresis. mPCR was evaluated in two independent laboratories with 76 residual clinical samples that represented typical and challenging fragile X alleles in both males and females. mPCR enabled superior size resolution and analytical sensitivity for size and methylation mosaicism compared to SB. Full mutation mosaicism was detected down to 1% in a background of 99% normal allele with 50- to 100-fold less DNA than required for SB. A low level of full mutation mosaicism in one sample was detected using mPCR but not observed using SB. Overall, the sensitivity for detection of full mutation alleles was 100% (95% CI: 89%-100%) with an accuracy of 99% (95% CI: 93%-100%). mPCR analysis of DNA from individuals with Klinefelter and Turner syndromes, and DNA from sperm and blood, were consistent with SB. As such, mPCR enables accurate, sensitive, and standardized methods of FMR1 analysis that can harmonize results across different laboratories.
Emission studies on a glow discharge in atmospheric pressure air using water as a cathode (1993)

A stable discharge was produced in atmospheric air using water as a cathode. Spectral lines of elements dissolved in tap water could be observed. It is demonstrated that the appearance of these spectral lines is a consequence of cathode sputtering of water during the discharge. The intensity of the lines was found to depend strongly on the acidity of the water. This kind of discharge gives a possibility for continuous analysis of water and waste water solutions.
Case Studies of Aboriginal Students - a Measure of Success for Tertiary Students (1989)

The issue of selecting potentially successful students for a course of study is of central concern to course organisers. Nowhere is this issue of more concern than in the area of bridging courses designed to promote access to tertiary courses and professions in which Aboriginal people are grossly under-represented. Organisers of bridging courses are faced with the problem of identifying potentially successful candidates and designing courses to meet their individual learning needs. The problem exists because of the unprecedented nature of innovative courses catering for newly defined clientele such as mature-aged, urban and academically aspiring Aboriginal students.
Rat Embryonic Stem Cells: Establishment and Their Use for Transgenesis (2011)

Rats (Rattus norvegicus) have been used more extensively than mice in the research fields of neuroscience, pharmacology and toxicology. There are more than 100 rat strains with various genetic backgrounds, including some useful models for human diseases. For example, the SHR (spontaneously hypertensive rat) strain and the BB (rats spontaneously developing insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) strain are well-established models for studying cardiovascular diseases and endocrinopathy (Okamoto, 1969; Like et al., 1982). Because of the well-understood mapping of brain functions, rats are often used for physiological studies on memory and emotion (Wood et al., 1999; van Erp et al., 2000). Furthermore, experimental studies on mammary tumors require the use of rats in which symptoms of the disease are distinct from those caused by mouse mammary tumor viruses; mouse mammary tumor viruses cause tumors in the mammary glands of mice but not those in humans or rats (Carr et al., 1981; Gould, 1986). In addition, transgenic rats have been used as model animals for human diseases (e.g., Alzheimer’s disease, autoimmunity and high-density lipoprotein [HDL] metabolism) and organ transplantation, and as animal bioreactors for protein production (Heideman, 1991; Charreau et al., 1996; Ganten, 1998). One advantage of using rats rather than mice in transgenic studies is the ease of continuous or repeated sample collection (e.g., of blood or urine) and surgery, due to their larger size, while litter size, gestation length, maturation rate, estrous cycle length, and life span of rats are all very similar to those of mice. Thus, the rat has the advantage of being a reasonably well-characterized and intermediate-sized rodent that can be maintained much more cheaply than larger animals and can often be manipulated much more easily than smaller rodents. On the other hand, the reverse genetic approach using the rats (precise and conditional gene replacements [knock-in] or loss of gene function [knock-out] at the specific locus) was considered impossible because any protocols to establish embryonic stem (ES) cell lines conventionally used in mice were not applicable to the rats. However in 2008, functional germline-competent ES cell lines have been reported (Buehr et al., 2008; Li et al., 2008). Very recently, successful production of p53 gene knock-out rats by homologous recombination in the ES cells has been achieved at last (Tong et al., 2010). The present chapter deals with an overview of attempts at producing gene-modified rats (with or without using ES cells), followed by detailed protocols for establishment of rat ES cell lines, and for successful use of the rat ES cells in transgenesis via electroporation (Hirabayashi et al., 2010a; 2010b).
smiFISH and FISH-quant – a flexible single RNA detection approach with super-resolution capability (2016)

Single molecule FISH (smFISH) allows studying transcription and RNA localization by imaging individual mRNAs in single cells. We present smiFISH (single molecule inexpensive FISH), an easy to use and flexible RNA visualization and quantification approach that uses unlabelled primary probes and a fluorescently labelled secondary detector oligonucleotide. The gene-specific probes are unlabelled and can therefore be synthesized at low cost, thus allowing to use more probes per mRNA resulting in a substantial increase in detection efficiency. smiFISH is also flexible since differently labelled secondary detector probes can be used with the same primary probes. We demonstrate that this flexibility allows multicolor labelling without the need to synthesize new probe sets. We further demonstrate that the use of a specific acrydite detector oligonucleotide allows smiFISH to be combined with expansion microscopy, enabling the resolution of transcripts in 3D below the diffraction limit on a standard microscope. Lastly, we provide improved, fully automated software tools from probe-design to quantitative analysis of smFISH images. In short, we provide a complete workflow to obtain automatically counts of individual RNA molecules in single cells.
Gradient-Based Multi-Component Topology Optimization for Additive Manufacturing (MTO-A) (2017)

Topology optimization for additive manufacturing has been limited to the component-level designs with the component size smaller than the printer’s build volume. To enable the design of structures larger than the printer’s build volume, this paper presents a gradient-based multi-component topology optimization framework for structures assembled from components built by additive manufacturing. Constraints on component geometry for additive manufacturing are incorporated in the density-based topology optimization, with additional design variables specifying fractional component membership. For each component, constraints on build size, enclosed voids, overhangs, and the minimum length scale are imposed during the simultaneous optimization of overall base topology and component partitioning. The preliminary result on a minimum compliance structure shows promising advantages over the conventional monolithic topology optimization. Manufacturing constraints previously applied to monolithic topology optimization gain new interpretations when applied to multi-component assemblies, which can unlock richer design space for topology exploration.
A method of moving area‐detection technique in a muse decoder (1993)

Abstract Subsampling is used widely in a bandwidth compression of video signals because it simply decreases the sampling rate with less artifacts. The compression efficiency and a final picture quality of a video compression based on a subsampling normally are improved by applying a motion adaptive technique. Such a technique switches processing between the static picture area and moving picture area depending on the movement. This switching is controlled as the result of detecting the moving picture area, a technique called “moving area detection.” In moving area detection used by a frame‐offset subsampling system such as a MUSE decoder, the frame difference cannot be obtained because the sampled value is omitted by subsampling, thereby causing erroneous detection or detection failure. In this paper, the improvement of the moving area detection method used in a MUSE decoder, which is the analog transmission system for Hi‐Vision signals, is described as an example of moving area detection of a subsampling system. The improvement of moving area detection is confirmed by an LSI MUSE decoder. The frequency characteristics of a moving area detection circuit also are discussed. Consequently, the frequency characteristics of moving area detection necessary for a MUSE decoder are obtained.
A CULTURA DA UVA E DO VINHO NO VALE DO SÃO FRANCISCO (2015)

O Vale do Sao Francisco vem experimentando bons frutos da producao de uvas para o consumo in natura e vinhos. O resultado e consequencia de mudanca de interesse das instituicoes federais pela area de pecuaria extensiva ate 1940, para torna-la de producao de culturas anuais como cebola e frutas, como banana e uva, a partir de projetos de irrigacao. Essa cultura ganha destaque quando o Vale passa e ser responsavel por quase 100% da uva de mesa produzida no pais e, nos anos 1990 e 2000, empresas privadas ali se instalam para elaboracao dos vinhos. Conhecer tais resultados tornou-se interesse de muitas pessoas e uma oportunidade para o mercado turistico. Assim, o estudo objetiva apresentar possibilidades de segmentacao do turismo para o submedio do Vale do Sao Francisco, focando em estrategias de desenvolvimento que valorizem uma imagem local relacionada a uva e ao vinho. A partir de pesquisa documental, bibliografica e de campo, inicialmente apresenta-se uma contextualizacao da area. Em seguida, discute-se sobre o referencial teorico de turismo, incluindo a articulacao entre segmentos turisticos observados potenciais para o desenvolvimento da regiao. Apresenta-se tambem uma contextualizacao sobre as novas tendencias economicas e de marketing para o planejamento do turismo. Por fim, contribui-se analisando o que tem sido produzido sobre a atividade no Vale do Sao Francisco, indicando novas possibilidades de desenvolvimento local, destacando como elementos importantes: imagem do destino, novos equipamentos e eventos tematicos.
Dendritic Cell-Specific Antigen Delivery by Coronavirus Vaccine Vectors Induces Long-Lasting Protective Antiviral and Antitumor Immunity (2010)

Efficient vaccination against infectious agents and tumors depends on specific antigen targeting to dendritic cells (DCs). We report here that biosafe coronavirus-based vaccine vectors facilitate delivery of multiple antigens and immunostimulatory cytokines to professional antigen-presenting cells in vitro and in vivo. Vaccine vectors based on heavily attenuated murine coronavirus genomes were generated to express epitopes from the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus glycoprotein, or human Melan-A, in combination with the immunostimulatory cytokine granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). These vectors selectively targeted DCs in vitro and in vivo resulting in vector-mediated antigen expression and efficient maturation of DCs. Single application of only low vector doses elicited strong and long-lasting cytotoxic T-cell responses, providing protective antiviral and antitumor immunity. Furthermore, human DCs transduced with Melan-A-recombinant human coronavirus 229E efficiently activated tumor-specific CD8(+) T cells. Taken together, this novel vaccine platform is well suited to deliver antigens and immunostimulatory cytokines to DCs and to initiate and maintain protective immunity.
Oil in the Soil (1998)

An oil well blowout in northern Italy contaminated about 1,500 ha of agricultural land primarily used to cultivate rice. The cleanup team decided to use bioremediation techniques because traditional excavation and disposal of contaminated soil in a landfill would completely destroy the highly productive rice fields. To return the fields to production, the well’s owner initiated a $45 million bioremediation project using several cleanup techniques, depending on the nature of the contamination. Two 135 m long and 50 m wide biopiles were built to clean up the most heavily contaminated soil—about 26,000 m³. Two years of landfarming reduced total petroleum hydrocarbon levels over about 485 ha from as much as 10,000 mg/kg to less than 50 mg/kg. In addition, bioventing, bioslurping, and intrinsic bioremediation helped remediate permeable soils in the vadose zone and some groundwater.
Principles and technologies for planning survivability-a metropolitan case study (2003)

The principles and technologies which Bell Canada is evaluating to make its metropolitan networks survivable against cable cuts and central office failures are presented. A number of restoration technology alternatives are examined through detailed application studies of the Montreal network. The results presented show the impact of technology enhancements and the emerging SONET standards on the restoration choice. Economic and operational considerations led to the preference of 1+1 diverse routing and ring architectures for metropolitan survivability. Results of an access link survivability assessment showed that, with some reconfiguration to fiber already in place, the access network could be made survivable in the downtown core.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Acute myocardial infarction occurring at pre-existing mild stenosis, on the image obtained 3 days before the onset of acute myocardial infarction (2007)

Objective: Prospective studies show a 10% incidence of sternal wound infection (SWI) after 90 days of followup, compared with infection rates of 5% reported by the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System after only 30 days of follow-up.This incidence increases 2-3 times in high-risk patients.Design: Prospective randomised double-blind controlled clinical trial.Setting: Cardiothoracic centre, UK.Patients: Patients were eligible if they were undergoing median sternotomy for primary isolated coronary artery bypass grafting, with at least one internal thoracic artery used for coronary grafting and having one or more of the following three risk factors: (1) obesity, defined as body mass index 30 kg/m 2 ; (2) diabetes mellitus; or (3) bilateral internal thoracic artery grafts (ie, the use of the other internal thoracic artery). Interventions:The study group received a single dose of gentamicin 2 mg/kg, rifampicin 600 mg and vancomycin 15 mg/kg, with three further doses of 7.5 mg/kg at 12-hour intervals.The control group received cefuroxime 1.5 g at induction and three further doses of 750 mg at 8-hour intervals.Main outcome measures: The primary end point was the incidence of SWI at 90 days.The secondary end point was the antibiotic and hospital costs.Results: During the study period, 486 patients underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting with a 30day SWI of 7.6%.186 high-risk patients were recruited and analysed: 87 in the study group and 99 in the control group.90-day SWI was significantly reduced in 8 patients in the study group (9.2%; 95% CI 3.5% to 15.3%) compared with 25 patients in the control group (25.2%; 95% CI 19.5% to 39.4%; p = 0.004).The study group had a significantly lower cost of antibiotics (21.2% reduction-US$96/patient; p,0.001), and a significantly lower hospital cost (20.4% reduction in cost-US$3800/patient; p = 0.04).Conclusions: Longer and broader-spectrum antibiotic prophylaxis significantly reduces the incidence of SWI in high-risk patients, with a significant economic benefit in costs of antibiotics as well as hospital costs.
Electrochemical Synthesis of Silver-Based Antiseptic (2018)

The increase of the number of strains resistant to antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents is steadily increasing The emergence of multidrugresistant strains poses a serious threat to public health, and the search for ways to reduce such risks is an urgent task. This review is devoted to a comprehensive study of an antiseptic based on silver ions stabilized in the citrate complex.
Rapid Differentiation of Fermentative from Nonfermentative Gram-Negative Bacilli in Positive Blood Cultures by an Impedance Method (2000)

Rapid differentiation of fermentative gram-negative bacilli (fermenters) from nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters) in positive blood cultures may help physicians to narrow the choice of appropriate antibiotics for empiric treatment. An impedance method for direct differentiation of fermenters from nonfermenters was investigated. The bacterial suspensions (or positive culture broths containing gram-negative bacteria) were inoculated into the module wells of a Bactometer (bioMérieux, Inc., Hazelwood, Mo.) containing 1 ml of Muller-Hinton broth. The inoculated modules were incubated at 35 degrees C, and the change in impedance in each well was continuously monitored. The amount of time required to cause a series of significant deviations from baseline impedance values was defined as the detection time (DT). The percent change of impedance was defined as the change of impedance at the time interval from DT to DT plus 1 h. After testing 857 strains of pure cultures (586 strains of fermenters and 271 strains of nonfermenters), a breakpoint (2.98%) of impedance change was obtained by discriminant analysis. Strains displaying impedance changes of greater than 2.98% were classified as fermenters; the others were classified as nonfermenters. By using this breakpoint, 98.6% (340 of 345) of positive blood cultures containing fermenters and 98% (98 of 100) of positive blood cultures containing nonfermenters were correctly classified. The impedance method was simple, and the results were normally available within 2 to 4 h after direct inoculation of positive blood culture broths.
Cascade Production of Lactic Acid from Universal Types of Sugars Catalyzed by Lanthanum Triflate (2017)

Lignocellulosic biomass conversion into value-added platform chemicals in the non-toxic, water-tolerant Lewis acid, and water solutions bears the hallmark of green chemistry. Lactic acid derived from biomass is an important chemical building block for biodegradable polymers such as polylactide. Herein, a universal method of converting lignocellulosic sugars into lactic acid using catalytic amount of water-stable Lewis acid La(OTf)<sub>3</sub> is demonstrated. The lignocellulosic sugars studied in this work include 1) pyrolytic sugars from pyrolysis oil, and 2) sugars derived from ionic liquid (IL)-pretreated biomass. Under moderate conditions (250 °C, 1 h), levoglucosan (major pyrolytic sugar), glucose, and xylose were converted into lactic acid with carbon-based molar yields of 75, 74, and 61 %, respectively. Furthermore, roughly 49 mol % (based on levoglucosan) and 74 wt % (relative to pretreated biomass) of lactic acid were obtained from the conversion of pyrolytic sugars and sugar-rich fraction after lignin removal from switchgrass, respectively. To our knowledge, this is the first reported conversion of pyrolytic sugar into lactic acid by chemocatalysis and also lignocellulosic sugars are converted into lactic acid without hydrolysis. This approach could potentially be extended to other lignocellulosic sugars after simple removal of lignin from biomass pretreatment, rendering moderate to high yields of lactic acid.