gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Origin of Anomalous Activities for Electrocatalysts in Alkaline Electrolytes (2012)

Pt extended surfaces and nanoparticle electrodes are used to understand the origin of anomalous activities for electrocatalytic reactions in alkaline electrolytes as a function of cycling/time. Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) of the surfaces before and after cycling in alkaline electrolytes was used to understand the morphology of the impurities and their impact on the catalytic sites. The nature of the contaminant species is identified as 3d-transition metal cations, and the formation of hydr(oxy)oxides of these elements is established as the main reason for the observed behavior. We find that, while for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) the blocking of the sites by the undesired 3d-transition metal hydr(oxy)oxide species leads to deactivation of the reaction activities, the CO oxidation reaction and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) can have beneficial effects from the same impurities, the latter being dependent on the exact nature of the adsorbing species. These results show the significance of impurities present in real electrolytes and their impact on electrocatalysis.
Sexual Conflict and the Mating Systems of Simultaneously Hermaphroditic Gastropods (1991)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Applying GPGPU to Recurrent Neural Network Language Model based Fast Network Search in the Real-Time LVCSR (2020)

Recurrent Neural Network Language Models (RNNLMs) have started to be used in various fields of speech recognition due to their outstanding performance. However, the high computational complexity of RNNLMs has been a hurdle in applying the RNNLM to a real-time Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition (LVCSR). In order to accelerate the speed of RNNLM-based network searches during decoding, we apply the General Purpose Graphic Processing Units (GPGPUs). This paper proposes a novel method of applying GPGPUs to RNNLM-based graph traversals. We have achieved our goal by reducing redundant computations on CPUs and amount of transfer between GPGPUs and CPUs. The proposed approach was evaluated on both WSJ corpus and in-house data. Experiments shows that the proposed approach achieves the real-time speed in various circumstances while maintaining the Word Error Rate (WER) to be relatively 10% lower than that of n-gram models.
Effects of TREM-1 activation in human neutrophils: activation of signaling pathways, recruitment into lipid rafts and association with TLR4 (2006)

Neutrophilic polymorphonuclears (PMNs) play an important role in the progression of sepsis-related inflammation and become highly activated by a wide array of ligands on the site. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is a recently described receptor that has many effects on human PMN. The engagement of TREM-1 on PMN can induce phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production and release of myeloperoxidase and IL-8. LPS has a priming effect on these functions. We show in this paper that Lyn, AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and Jak2 signaling pathways are elicited following TREM-1 engagement and activation by a monoclonal agonist antibody (anti-TREM-1) in human PMN, leading to the phosphorylation of STAT5 and RelA, a subunit of the nuclear factor-kappa B family. We also show that TREM-1 is recruited to ganglioside M1-lipid rafts in PMN upon stimulation with LPS or anti-TREM-1. Moreover, we observed that Toll-like receptor 4 and TREM-1 co-localize upon stimulation and TREM-1 engagement resulted in the phosphorylation of IL-1R-associated kinase 1, but not its stimulant-induced degradation. These data shed a new light on how various receptors implicated in the innate immune response could interact to insure an efficient inflammatory response upon pathogens-associated aggression.
The autotomy relief effect of a silicone tube covering the proximal nerve stump (2006)

A technique of covering the proximal nerve stump (PNS) has been reported as a preventative method or treatment for neuroma. However, its detailed pain relief mechanism remains unknown. We created a silicone tube model in which the PNS of the rat sciatic nerve was introduced into the tube, whereas the controls had no tube. The score of autotomy observed in the tube group was lower than that in the control group at 3 days to 2 weeks after surgery, which suggested that the silicone tube had pain-like behavior inhibitory action. To elucidate the mechanism of autotomy inhibition, immunohistochemistry and Toluidine blue staining were performed in the PNS. The increase in S-100-immunoreactivity (IR) including Schwann cells was inhibited at 1 week after surgery in the tube group, and the increase in the number of macrophages shown by ED-1-IR at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery was similarly inhibited. Toluidine blue staining showed that the increase in the number of mast cells was inhibited at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery and in the number of lymphocytes at 1 and 2 weeks after surgery in the tube group. Therefore, blocking of the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the PNS by the silicone tube was thought to be the mechanism of autotomy inhibition. To further explore details of this mechanism, the expression of nerve growth factor (NGF), production of which is induced by inflammatory cells and of the NGF receptor TrkA was examined in the PNS and the dorsal root ganglion using immunohistochemistry and a ribonuclease protection assay. In the PNS, the increase in NGF-IR was inhibited at 1, 2, and 4 weeks after surgery in the tube group, suggesting that this could be one of the pain-like behavior inhibitory effects.
Systematic characterization of physical defects for fault analysis of MOS IC cells (1984)

A methodology relating physical features of point defects inherent in the fabrication process to the circuit-level faulty behaviors caused by these defects is proposed. A simulation approach to support this methodology is introduced and illustrated using an example n-MOS circuit. Using this methodology, technology and layout dependent faults can be generated and ranked according to their likelihood. Using a ranked fault list, a new and more effective testing approach for MOS VLSI circuits can be developed.
Peripheral Light Focusing by the Anterior Eye and the Ophthalmohelioses (1991)

Peripheral focusing of light by the anterior eye may provide a unifying concept to explain the location and etiology of sun-related eye conditions (ophthalmohelioses). Using a bovine eye model, along with computer-assisted ray-tracing techniques to model limbal focusing, we demonstrated a correlation between the locations of the foci of scattered incident light (resulting in a 20-fold concentration of light at the limbus) and the usual locations of pterygium and cortical cataract. These findings suggest the need for improved ocular protective devices, particularly ones that provide lateral protection of the eye against the increased ultraviolet insolation resulting from thinning of the ozone layer.
NDST2 (N-Deacetylase/N-Sulfotransferase-2) Enzyme Regulates Heparan Sulfate Chain Length (2016)

Analysis of heparan sulfate synthesized by HEK 293 cells overexpressing murine NDST1 and/or NDST2 demonstrated that the amount of heparan sulfate was increased in NDST2- but not in NDST1-overexpressing cells. Altered transcript expression of genes encoding other biosynthetic enzymes or proteoglycan core proteins could not account for the observed changes. However, the role of NDST2 in regulating the amount of heparan sulfate synthesized was confirmed by analyzing heparan sulfate content in tissues isolated from Ndst2(-/-) mice, which contained reduced levels of the polysaccharide. Detailed disaccharide composition analysis showed no major structural difference between heparan sulfate from control and Ndst2(-/-) tissues, with the exception of heparan sulfate from spleen where the relative amount of trisulfated disaccharides was lowered in the absence of NDST2. In vivo transcript expression levels of the heparan sulfate-polymerizing enzymes Ext1 and Ext2 were also largely unaffected by NDST2 levels, pointing to a mode of regulation other than increased gene transcription. Size estimation of heparan sulfate polysaccharide chains indicated that increased chain lengths in NDST2-overexpressing cells alone could explain the increased heparan sulfate content. A model is discussed where NDST2-specific substrate modification stimulates elongation resulting in increased heparan sulfate chain length.
Bitrate maximizing time-domain equalizer design for DMT-based systems (2004)

A time-domain equalizer (TEQ) is inserted in discrete multitone (DMT) receivers to impose channel shortening and hence overcome the need for a too long cyclic prefix. Many algorithms have been developed to initialize this TEQ, but none of them really optimizes the bitrate. In this paper, we present a new bitrate maximizing TEQ (BM-TEQ), cost function that results in a TEQ design/initialization that outperforms any other TEQ design. In the derivation, we exploit the fact that the frequency-domain equalizers (FEQ) do not alter the SNR on the individual tones. The performance of this BM-TEQ comes close to the performance of the per-tone equalizer (PTEQ), an alternative DMT equalization structure that ensures consistently better performance than a TEQ. Finally, the presented BM-TEQ design is also used in a "per group" equalization scheme (PGEQ), which is intermediate (in terms of memory requirement and performance) between TEQ and PTEQ. The PGEQ design then encompasses BM-TEQ and PTEQ design procedures as extreme cases.
Secretion of somatostatin by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Correct processing of an alpha-factor-somatostatin hybrid. (1986)

Somatostatin is a 14-amino acid peptide hormone that is proteolytically processed from its precursor, prosomatostatin, by a paired-basic-specific protease localized in the Golgi apparatus and secretory vesicles. Yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae MAT alpha) synthesize an analogous peptide hormone precursor, pro-alpha-factor, that contains tandem repeats of alpha factor (13 amino acids) flanked by spacers that include paired basic residues. To investigate the role of these two pro regions in mediating intracellular transport and processing, cloned genes specific for preprosomatostatin and prepro-alpha-factor were used to generate recombinants encoding hybrids between the alpha-factor pro region (amino-terminal) and somatostatin (carboxyl-terminal). These recombinants were inserted into yeast expression vectors under control of either the native alpha-factor promoter or the inducible yeast PHO5 (acid phosphatase) promoter. Yeast transformed with these plasmids expressed the hybrid messenger RNAs constitutively (alpha-factor promoter) or when induced in phosphate-deficient medium (PHO5 promoter). Radioimmunoassay of culture media revealed the secretion of up to 200 ng of immunoreactive somatostatin/10(7) cells. Metabolic labeling with [35S]cysteine, followed by immunoprecipitation with anti-somatostatin antibodies revealed two forms of hybrid precursor intracellularly, one of Mr 25,000, containing core carbohydrates, and a second of Mr 11,000, which was unglycosylated. Translation of mRNA extracted from these transformants in the wheat germ cell-free system revealed that the Mr 11,000 form was the primary translation product, whereas the Mr 25,000 species could be generated in vitro by inclusion of mammalian rough microsomes. The secreted immunoreactive material was shown to be authentic somatostatin by high pressure liquid chromatography analysis and protein sequencing. These results demonstrate that the yeast processing enzymes recognize these chimeric precursors, resulting in the secretion of the mature peptide hormone.
Argentina: comentarios sobre la Ley de Delitos Informáticos (2008)

Finalmente el miércoles pasado (04/06/2008) se convirtió en ley el proyecto sobre delitos informáticos iniciado en el año 2006 por Diputados y aprobado, con reformas, en el 2007 por Senadores. Comentaremos aquí en forma sintética los aspectos salientes de esta ley, dejando para un análisis mas profundo los planteamientos jurídicos de fondo.
Modification of transport properties of ion exchange membrane. XI. Electrodialytic properties of cation exchange membranes having polyethyleneimine layer fixed by acid–amide bonding (1990)

Abstract For the purpose of preparing the monovalent cation permselective membrane for electrodialysis, the membrane having—SO 2 Cl groups reacted with the polyethyleneimine to form a cationic polyelectrolyte layer on the membrane surface by using the acid–amide bonding. Reaction conditions, i.e., reaction temperature, concentration of the polyethyleneimine solution and the addition of tertiary amines to the polyethyleneimine solution, were all examined in detail. As a result, all the different kinds of polyethyleneimines were effective in obtaining the monovalent cation permselective membrane if the correct reaction conditions were selected. The durability of the monovalent cation permselectivity was evaluated in a continuous electrodialytic concentration of sea water. The monovalent cation permselectivity decreased gradually during the electrodialysis in the cation exchange membrane with the polyethyleneimine layer. Therefore, the cation exchange membrane with the cationic polyelectrolyte layer was further treated with crosslinking reagents, i.e., form aldehyde–hydrochloric acid, epichlorohydrin, etc. or other alkylating reagents. The monovalent cation permselectivity of the treated membranes was almost constant for two months. The crosslinking reaction of polyethyleneimine was more effective than alkylation in maintaining the high permselectivity constantly.
Development of new homogeneous catalysts for the oxidation of ethylene to acetaldehyde (1977)

A discussion of ethylene oxidation over soluble palladium complexes in the presence and absence of halide ions covers the similarities and differences in the mechanisms of reactions in these two media, particularly the change in rate-determining step from oxidation of palladium(0) to reduction of palladium(II); the advantages and disadvantages of the traditional chloride catalysts and the special properties of various oxidants, (e.g., quinones, iron(III), chromium(VI), heteropolyacids for use in nonchloride media in place of the usual cupric chloride); the development of reversible, (i.e., easily regenerated by molecular oxygen) phosphorous-molybdenum-vanadium heteropolyacids and their use in new catalytic systems containing no halides; and the regulation of catalytic activity by changing the rate-determining step, which in turn involves changing the ligands (e.g., chloride, quinone) complexing palladium. An analysis and summary of current concepts in homogeneous ethylane oxidation are included. Graphs and 56 references.
Predicting the number of vias and dimensions of full-custom circuits using neural networks techniques (2002)

Summary form only given as follows. Block layout dimension prediction is an important activity in many VLSI design tasks. Block layout dimension prediction is harder than block area prediction and has been previously considered to be intractable. The authors obtain a solution to this problem using a neural network machine learning paradigm. The method uses a neural network to predict first the number of vias and then another neural network that uses this prediction and other circuit features to predict the width and the height of the layout of the circuit. It is noted that the presented approach has produced much better results than those published previously.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stepping Motors: a guide to theory and practice (2002)

This book provides an introductory text which will enable the reader to both appreciate the essential characteristics of stepping motor systems and understand how these characteristics are being exploited in the continuing development of new motors, drives and controllers. A basic theoretical approach relating to the more significant aspects of performance is presented, although it is assumed throughout that the reader has no previous experience of electrical machines and is primarily interested in the applications of stepping motors.
Kinetic pathway in Stranski-Krastanov growth of Ge on Si(001) (1990)

The transition from 2D to 3D growth of Ge on Si(001) has been investigated with scanning tunneling microscopy. A metastable 3D cluster phase with well-defined structure and shape is found. The clusters have a {105} facet structure. Results suggest that these clusters define the kinetic path for formation of ``macroscopic'' Ge islands.
The Psychology of Spenser's Anamnestes (1940)

Research Article| June 01 1940 The Psychology of Spenser's Anamnestes Bain Tate Stewart Bain Tate Stewart Search for other works by this author on: This Site Google Modern Language Quarterly (1940) 1 (2): 193–194. https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-1-2-193 Cite Icon Cite Share Icon Share Twitter Permissions Search Site Citation Bain Tate Stewart; The Psychology of Spenser's Anamnestes. Modern Language Quarterly 1 June 1940; 1 (2): 193–194. doi: https://doi.org/10.1215/00267929-1-2-193 Download citation file: Zotero Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search Books & JournalsAll JournalsModern Language Quarterly Search Advanced Search The text of this article is only available as a PDF. Copyright 1940 by University of Washington Press1940 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal Issue Section: Articles You do not currently have access to this content.
Uniaxial silicon piezoresistive accelerometer (2002)

This work presents the theory and experimental studies for a silicon cantilever accelerometer with freestanding inertial mass. Such structure was 3D configured by anisotropic silicon etching on the both sides of the chip. The relative change of piezoresistance and the expression for sensitivity have been deduced. An analyse with finite element method based on ANSYS software was performed. Some elements about dynamical comportment are presented. Finally, the technological and experimental results are discussed.
Induction of an Electronic Perturbation in Supported Metal Catalysts (2000)

The debate as to whether an “electronic” effect is responsible for perturbations in the normal behavior of supported metal catalysts has seized the attention of scientists for many years. Unfortunately, many of the proposed so-called “electronic” models can now be more satisfactorily explained in terms of either the surface concentration or the size of the ensembles present on the support surface. In this study we have used both ferroelectric and selected ceramic support media to demonstrate that at specific temperatures the catalytic activity of a supported metal particle can be enhanced to a significant degree. The observed improvement in the performances of these systems can be correlated with changes in the structure of the support media and to the different dielectric constants exhibited by these materials. A further aspect that must be taken into consideration is the finding from high-resolution TEM examinations that even after mild reduction at 350 °C there was evidence that in the vicinity of metal particles the support underwent transformation to a lower oxide state.
Role of Dispersed Ni Catalyst Sulfurization in Hydrocracking of Residue from Karamay (2008)

A hydrocracking study of Karamay residue using a batch reactor in the presence of dispersed Ni catalysts with different sulfurization methods is reported. Using two different courses of dispersion and sulfurization, the water-solubility Ni catalyst is dispersed in heavy oil and the dispersed catalyst is separated and characterized. Results showed that the water-solubility salts turn into NiS and NiS2 at the sulfrization temperature of 300 °C, regardless whether the emulsion breaking was achieved by multiple stages or a single stage after dispersion, and while the sulfurization temperature is at 300 °C and breaking the emulsion is by one stage, the better crystal of nikel pyrite is formed and the average particle size of the crystal is smaller than breaking the emulsion by multiple stages. The colloidal sol catalytic system of nikel pyrite is also synthesized in the experiment, and the sol of nikel pyrite can be highly homodisperse in oil and can restrain coke forming effectively.
An Investigation on Personalized Collaborative Filtering for Web Service Selection (2005)

The current Web service architecture addresses the service discovery problem, but not service selection. If we treat services as a special type of products from the service providers, existing techniques used for product selection can be applied to service selection. Among many existing techniques for product selection, one dominant approach is to use recommender systems. For example many ecommerce Web site, such as Ebay, Amazon and Epinions all have recommender system support to ease the burden of product selection. Recommender systems are classified into different types, which include content-based, collaborative and hybrid based systems which perform recommendation based on user/item data set. There is also multidimensional recommender system where the system supports multiple dimensions, such as user,item, and its quality attributes. This research investigates the fundamentals of different types of recommender systems, in particular, the collaborative filtering based approach using both two dimensional and multidimensional data. This study is to facilitate the development of a framework that supports service selection. In this project we are interested in applying a multidimensional collaborative recommender system for Web service selection. But before we propose the framework, we first perform experiments on the similarity measures used in collaborative filtering to fully understand the working process of normal collaborative filtering system. Pearson correlation and Vector Similarity are tested and compared using the MovieLens data set. This experiment is important to decide which of the similarity measures performs better in a two dimensional data set. Because the Quality of Service is often characterized by multiple criteria, different people/users may put stronger emphasis on certain criteria than others, two dimensional approach is over-simplified. Therefore we looked at the multi dimensional approach on product selection as well. An experiment using the multidimensional data collected in this research from Epinions.com is performed to study how it works on product selection. Finally, we draw from the experience of both two dimensional and multidimensional product selection and propose a framework for Web service selection which uses the multidimensional recommender system approach.
Melting of iron determined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy to 100 GPa (2015)

Temperature, thermal history, and dynamics of Earth rely critically on the knowledge of the melting temperature of iron at the pressure conditions of the inner core boundary (ICB) where the geotherm crosses the melting curve. The literature on this subject is overwhelming, and no consensus has been reached, with a very large disagreement of the order of 2,000 K for the ICB temperature. Here we report new data on the melting temperature of iron in a laser-heated diamond anvil cell to 103 GPa obtained by X-ray absorption spectroscopy, a technique rarely used at such conditions. The modifications of the onset of the absorption spectra are used as a reliable melting criterion regardless of the solid phase from which the solid to liquid transition takes place. Our results show a melting temperature of iron in agreement with most previous studies up to 100 GPa, namely of 3,090 K at 103 GPa.