gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maggot Debridement Therapy for Chronic Wounds (2002)

This article presents a general overview of maggot debridement therapy, as used in the management of chronic infected wounds. Much has been written about this treatment method, both historically and in the past decade. Current clinical practice is discussed and clinical and laboratory research are reviewed, with attention to the inherent challenges of such research. The nature of microbial and fungal bio-film formation in chronic wounds is considered, although little is yet known of the extent and characterization of this phenomenon. The prospects for the future are addressed. These include the need for globally acceptable criteria for clinical outcomes and guidelines for "best practice," together with the pressing need for appropriately structured randomized controlled studies.
Pantothenate Kinase-Associated Neurodegeneration (PKAN) (2005)

Pantothenate kinase-associated neurodegeneration (PKAN) is a genetic movement disorder that accounts for the majority of cases of what was formerly called Hallervorden-Spatz syndrome. In 1922, Hallervorden and Spatz reported an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disorder with retinitis pigmentosa and high levels of iron in brain. Since then, the diagnosis has been expanded to encompass a heterogeneous group of disorders that share the feature of high brain iron. To discredit Hallervorden and Spatz for their objectionable actions during World War II, the eponym has been abandoned and replaced with the term ‘‘neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation’’ (NBIA). NBIA includes neurological disorders in which basal ganglia iron levels are high. PKAN is one form of NBIA.
Cooperative Courtship: Helping Friends Raise and Raze Relationship Barriers (2009)

Do people help each other form romantic relationships? Research on the role of the social environment in relationship formation has traditionally focused on competition, but this article investigates novel patterns of cooperation within courtship interactions. Drawing on a functional/evolutionary perspective, women are predicted to cooperate primarily in building romantic thresholds and barriers; men are predicted to cooperate primarily in achieving romantic access. In support of these predictions, four studies reveal that people consistently perceive cooperation, report cooperative behavior, and make cooperative decisions in romantic situations. People also provide the opposite pattern of help to opposite-sex friends from that provided to same-sex friends, suggesting that assistance is flexibly tuned to differences in the romantic selectivity of recipients. Cooperative courtship is revealed to be a commonly used set of mating strategies by which people functionally tailor aid to promote both their own and their friends' romantic relationship interests.
Chemical safety levels (CSLs): A proposal for chemical safety practices in microbiological and biomedical laboratories (1999)

Abstract Microbiological and biomedical laboratories handle chemicals of various hazards in many diverse ways and quantities. Although there are biosafety levels that classify laboratories by the hazard of the biological agent and its use, there are no similar guidelines for classifying chemical safety practices. We propose a system for using chemical safety levels (CSLs) in these laboratories. These CSLs, CSL1 (low risk), CSL2 (moderate risk), CSL3 (substantial risk), and CSL4 (high risk), are classified by the chemical hazards and the nature of the work in which these chemicals are used in the laboratory. Risk at each CSL is governed by limiting or restricting chemical usage or type of work. Standard and CSL specific safe practices, equipment, and facilities requirements are proposed. This work is presented as a starting basis for developing a CSL system, and additional details and modifications will be finalized through a pilot project.
Human Cytomegalovirus UL44 Concentrates at the Periphery of Replication Compartments, the Site of Viral DNA Synthesis (2011)

The formation of replication compartments, the subnuclear structures in which the viral DNA genome is replicated, is a hallmark of herpesvirus infections. The localization of proteins and viral DNA within human cytomegalovirus replication compartments is not well characterized. Immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated the accumulation of the viral DNA polymerase subunit UL44 at the periphery of replication compartments and the presence of different populations of UL44 in infected cells. In contrast, the viral single-stranded-DNA binding protein UL57 was distributed throughout replication compartments. Using "click chemistry" to detect 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation into replicating viral DNA and pulse-chase protocols, we found that viral DNA synthesis occurs at the periphery of replication compartments and that replicated viral DNA subsequently localizes to the interior of replication compartments. The interiors of replication compartments also contain regions in which UL44 and EdU-labeled DNA are absent. The treatment of cells with a viral DNA polymerase inhibitor reversibly caused the dispersal of both UL44 and EdU-labeled viral DNA from replication compartments, indicating that ongoing viral DNA synthesis is necessary to maintain the organization of replication compartments. Our results reveal a previously unappreciated complexity of the organization of human cytomegalovirus replication compartments.
Industrial ultrasonic imaging and microscopy (1996)

Ultrasonic imaging and scanned acoustic microscopy are terms used to describe similar imaging processes at different magnifications and frequencies. Both processes form images by acquiring spatially correlated measurements of the interaction of high-frequency sound waves with materials. With the exception of the interference measurement, called V(z), and the gigahertz frequencies used by the higher frequency scanning acoustic microscopes, it is difficult to establish operational differences between them. This is especially true since almost all commercial ultrasonic imaging systems use transducers producing focused beams and can display magnified high-resolution images.
A New Class of NTC Thermistors (2000)

VO₂ ceramics exhibiting a negative temperature coefficient (NTC) of resistivity have been widely used as temperature dependence resistors. The NTC effect similar to VO₂ ceramics was observed when a low-thermal-expansion ceramic matrix was loaded near the percolation threshold with conductive metal particles. The resistivity in a composite made from silica glass and 20 vol% Ag filler suddenly decreased from 10 7 to 10³ Ω㎝ at about 300℃.
A Convenient Method for the Determination of Water in Petroleum and Other Organic Emulsions. (1920)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Convenient Method for the Determination of Water in Petroleum and Other Organic Emulsions.E. W. Dean and D. D. StarkCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1920, 12, 5, 486–490Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1920Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1920https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50125a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50125a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1219Altmetric-Citations145LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
The Tracking of Speech Envelope in the Human Cortex (2013)

Humans are highly adept at processing speech. Recently, it has been shown that slow temporal information in speech (i.e., the envelope of speech) is critical for speech comprehension. Furthermore, it has been found that evoked electric potentials in human cortex are correlated with the speech envelope. However, it has been unclear whether this essential linguistic feature is encoded differentially in specific regions, or whether it is represented throughout the auditory system. To answer this question, we recorded neural data with high temporal resolution directly from the cortex while human subjects listened to a spoken story. We found that the gamma activity in human auditory cortex robustly tracks the speech envelope. The effect is so marked that it is observed during a single presentation of the spoken story to each subject. The effect is stronger in regions situated relatively early in the auditory pathway (belt areas) compared to other regions involved in speech processing, including the superior temporal gyrus (STG) and the posterior inferior frontal gyrus (Broca's region). To further distinguish whether speech envelope is encoded in the auditory system as a phonological (speech-related), or instead as a more general acoustic feature, we also probed the auditory system with a melodic stimulus. We found that belt areas track melody envelope weakly, and as the only region considered. Together, our data provide the first direct electrophysiological evidence that the envelope of speech is robustly tracked in non-primary auditory cortex (belt areas in particular), and suggest that the considered higher-order regions (STG and Broca's region) partake in a more abstract linguistic analysis.
Fast tunable 1.5 μm distributed Bragg reflector laser for optical switching applications (1993)

Rise and fall times of 500ps were measured during the transient of a DBR laser between two successive modes. These values are independent of the two successive wavelengths chosen among the accessible channels of the whole tuning range, but increase up to 2.5ns for a hop between six modes.
Drainage Implant Surgery in the Treatment of Glaucoma: A Review (1986)

(1986). Drainage Implant Surgery in the Treatment of Glaucoma: A Review. Seminars in Ophthalmology: Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 53-60.
Predicting foreground SH, SL and BNH DAM scores for multidimensional objective measure of speech quality (2004)

Current objective measures of speech quality (Rix et al. (2000), Beerends et al. (1994) attempt to evaluate degraded speech by calculating a single distance measure between the original signal and the synthesized signal being evaluated. The distance measure is usually carried out after both the original and synthesized signal have been transformed to represent the effect of the auditory periphery. However, the fact that the subjective judgement of quality is based on a multidimensional perceptual space representation suggests that a measure that is based on predicting a multitude of independent perceptual characteristics, would yield better results and be applicable to a wider range of distortions and speech synthesis systems. This paper presents such a multidimensional approach to objective evaluation of speech quality and is directly motivated by the work of Voiers (2001) from which the subjective evaluation procedure known as diagnostic acceptability measure (DAM) was created. While the DAM is a subjective measure of the detectability of the distortions identified by Voiers, this work reports on the first baby steps taken for objective evaluation of a subset of those same parametric distortions determined to be the principal components of the quality space from a previous statistical analysis (Sen (2001)).
CAPTCHA Based on Human Cognitive Factor (2013)

A CAPTCHA (Completely Automated Public Turing test to tell Computers and Humans Apart) is an automatic security mechanism used to determine whether the user is a human or a malicious computer program. It is a program that generates and grades tests that are human solvable, but intends to be beyond the capabilities of current computer programs. CAPTCHA should be designed to be very easy for humans but very hard for machines. Unfortunately, the existing CAPTCHA systems while trying to maximize the difficulty for automated programs to pass tests by increasing distortion or noise have consequently, made it also very difficult for potential users. To address the issue, this paper addresses an alternative form of CAPTCHA that provides a variety of questions from mathematical, logical and general problems which only human can understand and answer correctly in a given time. The proposed framework supports diversity in choosing the questions to be answered and a user-friendly framework to the users. A user-study is also conducted to judge the performance of the developed system with different background. The study shows the efficacy of the implemented system with a good level of user satisfaction over traditional CAPTCHA available today.
Possible Involvement of Pirfenidone Metabolites in the Antifibrotic Action of a Therapy for Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2013)

Pirfenidone (PFD) is the first and only clinically used antifibrotic drug for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). This study evaluated the antifibrotic effects of two metabolites of PFD, 5-hydroxypirfenidone (PFD-OH) and 5-carboxypirfenidone (PFD-COOH), on WI-38 cells in an in vitro lung fibroblast model. The inhibitory effects of PFD-OH and PFD-COOH on transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-induced collagen synthesis in WI-38 cells were evaluated by measuring intracellular hydroxyproline, a major component of the protein collagen. PFD-OH and PFD-COOH at 300 and 1000 µM concentrations significantly decreased the TGF-β1-induced hydroxyproline content in WI-38 cells. These results indicate that PFD-OH and PFD-COOH have antifibrotic activities, which inhibit collagen synthesis in fibroblasts. This study suggests that the concentrations of PFD and its metabolites should be considered in clinical therapy for IPF.
Functional characterization and transcriptional analysis of the dnrR1 locus, which controls daunorubicin biosynthesis in Streptomyces peucetius (1995)

We previously proposed that the adjacent dnrIJ genes represent a two-component regulatory system controlling daunorubicin biosynthesis in Streptomyces peucetius on the basis of the homology of the DnrI and DnrJ proteins to other response regulator proteins and the effect of a dnrI::aphII mutation. In the present paper we report the results of work with the dnrI::aphII mutant in complementation, bioconversion, and transcriptional analysis experiments to understand the function of dnrI. For five putative operons in the sequenced portion of the S. peucetius daunorubicin biosynthesis gene cluster examined, all of the potential transcripts are present in the delta dnrJ mutant and wild-type strains but absent in the dnrI::aphII strain. Since these transcripts code for both early- and late-acting enzymes in daunorubicin biosynthesis, dnrI seems to control all of the daunorubicin biosynthesis genes directly or indirectly. Transcriptional mapping of the 5' and 3' ends of the dnrIJ transcript and the termination site of the convergently transcribed dnrZUV transcript reveals, interestingly, that the two transcripts share extensive complementarity in the regions coding for daunorubicin biosynthesis enzymes. In addition, dnrI may regulate the expression of the drrAB and drrC daunorubicin resistance genes. The delta dnrJ mutant accumulates epsilon-rhodomycinone, the aglycone precursor of daunorubicin. Since this mutant contains transcripts coding for several early- and late-acting enzymes and since dnr mutants blocked in deoxysugar biosynthesis accumulate epsilon-rhodomycinone, we conclude that dnrJ is a daunosamine biosynthesis gene. Moreover, newly available gene sequence data show that the DnrJ protein resembles a group of putative aminotransferase enzymes, suggesting that the role of DnrJ is to add an amino group to an intermediate of daunosamine biosynthesis.
Clinical implications of chemotherapy-induced diarrhea in patients with cancer. (2006)

Diarrhea is a common, often dose-limiting toxicity associated with cancer chemotherapy treatment. However, the problem is not well recognized and frequently is not managed appropriately. The primary objectives of the current study were to describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics of cancer patients with chemotherapy-induced diarrhea (CID) and describe the clinical consequences of CID on treatment changes. This was a retrospective review of medical records from 378 cancer patients who experienced diarrhea while receiving chemotherapy at 25 geographically dispersed US cancer clinics. Severe diarrhea (National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria grades 3 or 4) was experienced by about one third of patients during their chemotherapy. Patients who experienced CID underwent changes in their chemotherapy treatment, including dose reductions (45%), delays in therapy (71%), reduction in dose intensity (64%), and discontinuation of therapy (3%). Dose reductions were statistically significant. Although the majority of diarrhea was grade 1, almost one half of all patients required dosing reductions, and more than one half of these patients experienced dosing delays. Changes to chemotherapy treatment resulting from CID may ultimately impact patient clinical outcomes.
Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity of a New Class of Mono‐ and Bis‐Heterocycles (2013)

A new class of mono- and bis-heterocycles, 2-arylsulfonylaminosulfonylmethyl-5-styrylsulfonylmethyloxadiazoles, pyrazolyl oxadiazoles, and isoxazolyl oxadiazoles, were synthesized and tested for their antioxidant activity. The styrylsulfonylmethyloxadiazole 5b showed good antioxidant activity when compared with the standard ascorbic acid.
Extraction and recovery of inositol phosphates from tissues (1987)

Correspondence| August 01 1987 Extraction and recovery of inositol phosphates from tissues K A Wreggett; K A Wreggett Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar L R Howe; L R Howe Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J P Moore; J P Moore Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar R F Irvine R F Irvine Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1987) 245 (3): 933–934. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2450933 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation K A Wreggett, L R Howe, J P Moore, R F Irvine; Extraction and recovery of inositol phosphates from tissues. Biochem J 1 August 1987; 245 (3): 933–934. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj2450933 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1987 London: The Biochemical Society1987 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Plasmonics in Topological Insulators (2014)

With strong spin-orbit coupling, topological insulators have an insulating bulk state, characterized by a band gap, and a conducting surface state, characterized by a Dirac cone. Plasmons in topological insulators show high frequency-tunability in the mid-infrared and terahertz spectral regions with transverse spin oscillations, also called “spin-plasmons”. This paper presents a discussion and review of the developments in this field from the fundamental theory of plasmons in bulk, thin-film, and surface-magnetized topological insulators to the techniques of plasmon excitation and future applications.
Hemodialysis : high-efficiency treatments (1993)

SECTION 1: HIGH-EFFICIENCY TREATMENTS: A GUIDE for the PRACTITIONER the Evolution of High-Efficiency Treatments from Conventional Hemodialysis. Bicarbonate in High-Efficiency Hemodialysis. Vascular Access and Rapid Hemodialysis. Water and Dialysate Treatment for Hemodialysis. Newer Membranes: Cuprophane Versus Polysulfone Versus Polyacrylonitrile. Ultrafiltration Control. High-Efficiency Treatments Using Conventional Equipment. High-Flux Hemodialysis. Hemofiltration and Hemodiafiltration. Prescribing High-Efficiency Treatments. Erythropoietin and High-Efficiency Dialysis. Drug Removal During High-Efficiency and High-Flux Hemodialysis. High-Efficiency Treatments: Risks and Common Problems Encountered in Their Clinical Application. Biocompatibility Issues in High-Efficiency Treatments SECTION 2: ADVANCES in HEMODIALYSIS Hypertension in Dialysis Patients. Metabolic Alkalosis in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease. Amyloid and B-Microglobulin: Metabolism and Kinetics. Sleep Disorders in Hemodialysis Patients. Cytokines: Relevance in the Treatment of Dialysis Patients. Index
Subjective Evaluation of Factors Affecting 2-Channel Stereophony (1960)

In transmitting and reproducing 2-channel stereophonic signals, the original program material may be modified deliberately or unintentionally. A study was made of many of the subjective aspects associated with these modifications. Three of the more important modifying parameters, involving channel separation, were evaluated in a formal test program using 10 critical observers. Musical selections in groups of four were suitably chosen for each parameter and played through a stereo system with and without modification. Questions were asked for detection of a spatial difference, preservation of the spatial resemblance, and listener preference. Composite results indicate that approximately 90% of the observers say that the spatial resemblance is good if (1) full channel separation is maintained out to 8 kc with no separation above this frequency, (2) full channel separation is maintained down to 100 cycles with no separation below this frequency, (3) a channel separation of 16 db is maintained over the whole band. The results for detection and listener preference are presented graphically along with resemblance data both for individual musical selections and selections in groups of four. In tests using white Gaussian noise radiated from the loudspeakers, it was found that in-phase and out-phase noise as well as two uncorrelated noises have approximately the same loudness (for equal powers). In addition, pertinent observations on other subjective aspects are reported.