gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast detection of bacterial growth by using Portable Microbe Enrichment Unit (PMEU) and ChemPro100i® gas sensor (2009)

The combination of the Portable Microbe Enrichment Unit (PMEU) cultivation and ChemPro100i((R)) Chemical Detector helps the fast detection of hospital infections. The first alarm of the microbe metabolism and growth in the enrichment culture was achieved in 2-3h when pure cultures of strains isolated from neonatal patients were tested. For the detection of minor concentrations of the bacteria, Bacillus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella and Escherichia strains were diluted to 0.5-600cells per ml. Their preliminary detection was achieved within 4-5h. The combination of enrichment culture (PMEU) and detection of bacterial products by ion mobility spectrometer is a rapid and sensitive method for diagnosis of bacterial growth. This finding warrants further studies with clinical samples.
A distributed MAC protocol for full duplex radio (2013)

Recent advances in antenna and circuit design enable radios that operate in full duplex mode on a single channel with very low residual self-interference. In this paper, the use of such full duplex radios in a wireless local area network (WLAN) is explored. Different scenarios in which the full duplex transmission can be exploited are studied. A distributed full duplex MAC design based on IEEE 802.11 DCF that adopts to the traffic conditions is proposed. The proposed MAC design works for both ad hoc and infrastructure modes of WLAN and takes into consideration new interference and contention during full duplex transmissions. OPNET simulations comparing the performance of the proposed MAC with traditional half duplex based IEEE 802.11 DCF show that the new MAC protocol provides up to 88% throughput gain in a heavily loaded network.
Detection of primary DNA damage inChlamydomonas reinhardtii by means of modified microgel electrophoresis (1997)

The assessment of genotoxic potential in surface water requires test methods, among which are those that detect initial DNA damage in organisms of aquatic biocenosis. The microgel electrophoresis (MGE) "comet assay" was applied to a ubiquitous unicellular green alga (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) to detect DNA damage caused by genotoxins. For this, the test protocol described by Singh NP et al. [Exp Cell Res 175: 184-191, 1988] was modified. Major modifications were the use of alkaline lysis buffer with ionic detergents and the reduction of preincubation and electrophoresis times. Short-time exposure of Chlamydomonas to the well-known genotoxicants 4-nitroquinoline-1-oxide (4-NQO), N-nitrosodimethylamine, and hydrogen peroxide led to dose-dependent DNA damage. Chlamydomonas responded very sensitively to treatment with increasing doses of 4-NQO. At a concentration of 25 nM, significant DNA damage was observed. At higher 4-NQO doses (> 100 nM), DNA damage was visible as complete DNA fragmentation into fine granules. N-Nitrosodimethylamine caused genotoxic effects at a concentration range from 0.014 to 0.14 mM without producing complete DNA fragmentation at the concentrations tested (highest dose, 140 mM). To evaluate the influence of illumination conditions during exposure, cells were incubated with increasing doses of H2O2 (0.25-1.0 mM) in darkness and in light. Our results indicate that incubation in light enables Chlamydomonas to cope with oxidative stress more efficiently than under dark conditions. To a certain extent, cytotoxic as well as genotoxic effects of H2O2 depend on the illumination condition or repair and anti-oxidative protection mechanisms activated by light, respectively.
Molecular Analysis of the Laccase Gene from the Chestnut Blight Fungus and Selective Suppression of Its Expression in an Isogenic Hypovirulent Strain (1992)

The gene encoding laccase in the chestnut blight fungus, Cryphonectria parasitica, has been cloned and characterized. The predicted C. parasitica laccase amino acid sequence (591 aa) was 57% identical to the Neurospora crassa laccase sequence and contained four potential copper-binding regions that are conserved in a number of copper-binding proteins. Treatment of a virulent C. parasitica strain with 3 microM cycloheximide resulted in a marked increase in laccase mRNA accumulation, whereas identical treatment of an isogenic strain that contained a hypovirulence-associated virus failed to significantly increase laccase mRNA levels. In contrast, the accumulation of mRNAs encoding beta-tubulin, actin, or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase was not appreciably altered by either the presence of a hypovirulence-associated virus or treatment with cycloheximide. These results provide evidence that the expression of a specific fungal gene encoding a known protein product is selectively modulated by a hypovirulence-associated virus.
Multiphoton ionization of laser-desorbed neutral molecules in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMultiphoton ionization of laser-desorbed neutral molecules in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometerJeffrey A. Zimmerman, Clifford H. Watson, and John R. EylerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1991, 63, 4, 361–365Publication Date (Print):February 15, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00004a012https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00004a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental study of ozone synthesis (2002)

A silent discharge ozonizer has been constructed with a design that enables the study of ozone concentration behaviour as a function of different parameters when oxygen used as a working gas. The behaviour of ozone concentration as a function of discharge current density has four characteristic regions. The concentration is enhanced by more than threefold whenever gas pressure is reduced by a factor of two. The flow rate of the working gas is a more effective parameter on ozone concentration than the gas pressure. When the flow rate is kept constant, and the pressure is decreased by 100%, the ozone concentration increases by only 10%. On the other hand, when the flow rate is decreased by 13%, the ozone concentration increases by 200%, whenever the gas pressure is kept constant. The concentration is nearly doubled when the gap space is increased by four times under the same conditions. The length of the discharge region, the thickness and the dielectric constant of the insulating materials are found to have a considerable effect on the generated ozone concentration. Also, the ozone concentration is ten times less when air is used instead of oxygen as a working gas. A maximum efficiency of 185 g/kWh, is obtained for the present system.
The calculation of molecular weight distributions from kinetic schemes (1954)

The first page of this article is displayed as the abstract.
Stereoselective Synthesis of the β-Anomer of 4‘-Thionucleosides Based on Electrophilic Glycosidation to 4-Thiofuranoid Glycals (2002)

Three types of 4-thiofuranoid glycal with different 3,5-O-silyl protecting groups were prepared and their electrophilic glycosidation was investigated. The 3,5-bis-O-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-4-thiofuranoid glycal (5) was obtained through mesylation of 2-deoxy-4-thio-D-erythro-pentofuranose (4) and subsequent base-promoted elimination, while thermal elimination of sulfoxide derivatives was suitable for the preparation of 3,5-O-(tetraisopropyldisiloxane-1,3-diyl) (9) and 3,5-O-(di-tert-butylsilylene) (11) 4-thioglycals. The glycosidation reactions of these 4-thioglycals were carried out, in the presence of either PhSeCl or NIS, by using silylated derivatives of uracil, thymine, cytosine, and N(6)-benzoyladenine. Among the three 4-thioglycals, 11 was found to be an excellent glycosyl donor, forming the desired beta-anomer exclusively irrespective of the nucleobase employed.
Protein expression during exponential growth in 0.7 M NaCl medium of<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1996)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae exponentially growing in basic or 0.7 M NaCl medium were isotopically labelled with 35S-methionine, followed by protein separation and quantification by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) combined with computerised image analysis. The electrophoretic separation resolved about 650 proteins of which 13 displayed significant and at least 2-fold changes in rate of synthesis during saline growth. By sequencing of 2D-PAGE resolved proteins, one of the 8 induced spot, p42.9/5.5, was shown to correspond to the full length (containing the N-terminal extension) product of the GPD1 gene encoding the cytoplasmic glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The expression of the TDH3 gene, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, and the ENO2 gene, enolase, decreased during growth in NaCl medium, declines hypothesised to have an impact on the flux to glycerol.
Interplay of Oxygen, Vitamin E, and Carotenoids in Radical Reactions following Oxidation of Trp and Tyr Residues in Native HDL<sub>3</sub> Apolipoproteins. Comparison with LDL. A Time-Resolved Spectroscopic Analysis (2007)

It has been recently shown that the inhibition of apolipoprotein A-I (apoAI) reverse cholesterol transport activity during oxidation of HDL by myeloperoxidase may involve myeloperoxidase electron transfer pathways other than those leading to tyrosine chlorination. To better understand how such mechanisms might be initiated, the role of semioxidized Tyr and Trp residues in loss of apoAI and apolipoprotein A-II (apoAII) integrity has been assessed using selective Trp and Tyr one-electron oxidation by *Br2(-) radical-anions in HDL3 as well as in unbound apoAI and apoAII. Behavior of these radicals in apolipoprotein B of LDL has also been assessed. Formation of semioxidized Tyr in HDL3 is followed by partial repair during several milliseconds via reaction with endogenous alpha-tocopherol to form the alpha-tocopheroxyl radical. Subsequently, 2% of alpha-tocopheroxyl radical is repaired by HDL3 carotenoids. With LDL, a faster repair of semioxidized Tyr by alpha-tocopherol is observed, but carotenoid repair of alpha-tocopheroxyl radical is not. Only a small fraction of HDL3 particles contains alpha-tocopherol and carotenoids, which explains limited repair of semioxidized Tyr by alpha-tocopherol. All LDL particles normally contain multiple alpha-tocopherol and carotenoid molecules, and the lack of repair of alpha-tocopheroxyl radical by carotenoids probably results from hindered mobility of carotenoids in the lipid core. Western blots of gamma-irradiated HDL3 comparable to those reported for apoAI myeloperoxidase oxidation show that the incomplete repair of semioxidized Tyr and Trp induces apoAI and apoAII permanent damage including formation of a heterodimer of one apoAI with a monomeric apoAII at about 36 kDa.
Two pathways for prostaglandin F2α synthesis by the primate periovulatory follicle (2008)

Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) has been identified as a PG necessary for ovulation, but the ovulatory gonadotropin surge also increases PGF2 alpha levels in primate periovulatory follicles. To better understand the role of PGF2 alpha in ovulation, pathways utilized for PGF2 alpha synthesis by the primate follicle were examined. Monkeys were treated with gonadotropins to stimulate multiple follicular development; follicular aspirates and whole ovaries were removed before and at specific times after administration of an ovulatory dose of hCG to span the 40 h periovulatory interval. Human granulosa cells were also obtained (typically 34-36 h after hCG) from in vitro fertilization patients. PGF2 alpha can be synthesized from PGH2 via the aldo-keto reductase (AKR) 1C3. AKR1C3 mRNA and protein levels in monkey granulosa cells were low before hCG and peaked 24-36 h after hCG administration. Human granulosa cells converted PGD2 into 11 beta-PGF2 alpha, confirming that these cells possess AKR1C3 activity. PGF2 alpha can also be synthesized from PGE2 via the enzymes AKR1C1 and AKR1C2. Monkey granulosa cell levels of AKR1C1/AKR1C2 mRNA was low 0-12 h, peaked at 24 h, and returned to low levels by 36 h after hCG administration. Human granulosa cell conversion of [(3)H]PGE2 into [(3)H]PGF2 alpha was reduced by an AKR1C2-selective inhibitor, supporting the concept that granulosa cells preferentially express AKR1C2 over AKR1C1. In summary, the ovulatory gonadotropin surge increases granulosa cell expression of AKR1C1/AKR1C2 and AKR1C3. Both of these enzyme activities are present in periovulatory granulosa cells. These data support the concept that follicular PGF2 alpha can be synthesized via two pathways during the periovulatory interval.
Anti-tissue transglutaminase, anti-endomysium and anti-R1-reticulin autoantibodies—the antibody trinity of coeliac disease (1999)

Anti-tissue transglutaminase has been recently described as the predominant autoantigen in coeliac disease. We purified serum anti-tissue transglutaminase antibodies from three patients with coeliac disease by column chromatography and eluted tissue section-bound R1-anti-reticulin antibodies from sections of rat tissue for two of these. Lastly, we generated seven mouse MoAbs to guinea pig tissue transglutaminase. Each preparation was examined for anti-tissue transglutaminase, anti-endomysium, anti-R1 reticulin and anti-gliadin antibodies. Column-purified patient antibodies and 2/7 mouse MoAbs gave characteristic anti-endomysium/anti-R1 reticulin reactivity on rat, monkey and human tissue. All positive sera gave indistinguishable patterns of immunofluorescence on rat liver, kidney and stomach, monkey oesophagus, and human umbilical cord. Anti-R1-reticulin eluted from sections showed anti-tissue transglutaminase reactivity in 2/2 cases, but 0/2 showed anti-gliadin reactivity. In both, tissue section-eluted anti-R1 reticulin gave endomysial staining on monkey oesophagus. None of the mouse monoclonals, or any of the purified patient's anti-tissue transglutaminase or anti-R1-reticulin antibody showed any reactivity with gliadin. These data confirm tissue transglutaminase as the predominant autoantigen in coeliac disease and suggest that both anti-endomysium and anti-R1 reticulin reactivities seen in coeliac disease arise due to an immune response to tissue transglutaminase. Rigorous immunoabsorption was sufficient to abrogate reactivity in the tissue transglutaminase ELISA, but failed to completely absorb anti-endomysium and anti-reticulin activity. The possibility remains that some of the anti-endomysium and anti-reticulin activity was directed against antigens other than tissue transglutaminase.
Preparation and characterisation of a highly active bimetallic (Pd–Ru) nanoparticle heterogeneous catalyst† (1999)

The mixed-metal carbonylate cluster [Pd6Ru6(CO)24]2– was used as a single-source precursor in the synthesis of a highly active hydrogenation catalyst (stoichiometry PdRu) which has been characterised by electron microscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy: PdRu readily hydrogenates alkenes and naphthalene (the latter predominantly to cis- decalin) under mild conditions
Role of Chloroplast Protein Kinase Stt7 in LHCII Phosphorylation and State Transition in <i>Chlamydomonas</i> (2003)

Photosynthetic organisms adapt to changes in light quality by redistributing light excitation energy between two photosystems through state transition. This reorganization of antenna systems leads to an enhanced photosynthetic yield. Using a genetic approach in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii to dissect the signal transduction pathway of state transition, we identified a chloroplast thylakoid-associated serine-threonine protein kinase, Stt7, that has homologs in land plants. Stt7 is required for the phosphorylation of the major light-harvesting protein (LHCII) and for state transition.
Using fuzzy cognitive maps as an intelligent analyst (2005)

With the increasing sources and volume of data available to an analyst, the development of decision aids is increasingly necessary to filter and format it for use by intelligence analysts. In this paper the use of fuzzy cognitive maps as such a filter will be described. The technique will be incorporated as a decision aid in Neocities; a dynamic simulation used to investigate the technology is used by teams to communicate and coordinate their actions
Features of metal capillary columns (2000)

Because of the inertness of their inner wall surface and their excellent bending strength and flexibility, fused silica (FS) columns have made a great contribution to the progress of gas chromatographic (GC) analysis. While maintaining such satisfactory basic properties, it is important that GC capillary columns have durability to withstand elevated temperature, an inner wall surface structure resistant to buildup, and a large sample loading capacity. Highly inert metal capillary columns that fulfill all of these requirements have been developed. This article discusses the features of these columns, which appear to be useful GC separation columns in the future. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Micro Sep 12: 345–350, 2000
Comparison of spin-on materials in IMD planarization (1996)

This paper describes the characterization of an etchback process for the new AlliedSignal's Accuspin 418 and Hitachi Chemical's HSG R7-13 low dielectric constant silsesquioxane spin-on polymers and the application to the inter-metal dielectric scheme of a 0.35 micrometers device. A comparison with a conventional polysiloxane spin-on glass (AlliedSignal's Accuglass 214) is also briefly discussed. The predominant factor affecting the selectivity of PECVD oxide to spin-on polymer is the CHF<SUB>3</SUB>CF<SUB>4</SUB> flow. A low selectivity in which the spin-on polymer etches faster was found to rid of spin-on polymer on top of large metal features where vias may be cut while simultaneously leaving behind sufficient oxide on top of metal lines and the spin-on polymer in the metal spaces. After etchback, a thick PECVD oxide is deposited and planarized by chemical mechanical polishing.
Detonation spreading in fine TATBs (1998)

A test has been devised that permits rapid evaluation of the detonation-spreading (or corner-turning) properties of detonations in insensitive high explosives. The test utilizes a copper witness plate as the medium to capture performance data. Dent depth and shape in the copper are used as quantitative measures of the detonation output and spreading behavior. The merits of the test are that it is easy to perform with no dynamic instrumentation, and the test requires only a few grams of experimental explosive materials.
Resolution enhancement of stepper by complementary conjugate spatial filter (1992)

An ultra-high resolution stepper is proposed, which combines annular illumination and a complementary conjugate spatial filter. This technique reproduces deep submicron complex non-repeated patterns by relatively emphasizing the diffracted light from high spatial-frequency patterns. Images of several patterns are simulated for a conventional stepper, a stepper with phase shifting, and for the proposed technique. The results indicate that this technique has the potential to pattern 0.3-|im images using an i-line stepper with 0.5 N.A. with conventional masks. It should enable stepper ranges to be extended to the next generation of DRAMs.
Alternative splicing produces transcripts encoding two forms of the alpha subunit of GTP-binding protein Go. (1990)

The alpha subunit of the guanine nucleotide-binding protein Go ("o" for other) is believed to mediate signal transduction between a variety of receptors and effectors. cDNA clones encoding two forms of Go alpha subunit were isolated from a mouse brain library. These two forms, which we call GoA alpha and GoB alpha, appear to be the products of alternative splicing. GoA alpha differs from GoB alpha over the C-terminal third of the deduced protein sequence. Both forms are predicted to be substrates for ADP-ribosylation by pertussis toxin. GoA alpha transcripts are present in a variety of tissues but are most abundant in brain. The GoB alpha transcript is expressed at highest levels in brain and testis. It is possible that GoA alpha and GoB alpha have different functions.
A first single-photon avalanche diode fabricated in standard SOI CMOS technology with a full characterization of the device (2015)

This paper reports on the first implementation of a single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) in standard silicon on insulator (SOI) complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The SPAD is realized in a circular shape, and it is based on a P(+)/N-well junction along with a P-well guard-ring structure formed by lateral diffusion of two closely spaced N-well regions. The SPAD electric-field profile is analyzed by means of simulation to predict the breakdown voltage and the effectiveness of premature edge breakdown. Measurements confirm these predictions and also provide a complete characterization of the device, including current-voltage characteristics, dark count rate (DCR), photon detection probability (PDP), afterpulsing probability, and photon timing jitter. The SOI CMOS SPAD has a PDP above 25% at 490-nm wavelength and, thanks to built-in optical sensitivity enhancement mechanisms, it is as high as 7.7% at 850-nm wavelength. The DCR is 244 Hz/μm2, and the afterpulsing probability is less than 0.1% for a dead time longer than 200 ns. The SPAD exhibits a timing response without exponential tail and provides a remarkable timing jitter of 65 ps (FWHM). The new device is well suited to operate in backside illumination within complex three-dimensional (3D) integrated circuits, thus contributing to a great improvement of fill factor and jitter uniformity in large arrays.
On the complexity of distance-2 coloring (2003)

The authors study the problem of distance-2 colorings of the vertices of undirected graphs. In such a coloring, vertices separated by a distance of less than or equal to two must receive different colors. This problem has direct application to the problem of broadcast scheduling in multihop radio networks. The authors show that even when restricted to planar graphs, finding a minimum such coloring is NP-complete. They then describe a good (constant times optimal) approximation algorithm for the distance-2 coloring of planar graphs. They also extend this analysis of the algorithm to deal with general graphs. They show that the performance of the algorithm has a worst-case bound that is proportional to the product of the graph arboricity and the maximum vertex degree. Previous algorithms could only guarantee a bound proportional to the square of the maximum degree.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>