gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Primycin (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPrimycinJ. Aberhart, T. Fehr, R. C. Jain, P. De Mayo, O. Motl, L. Baczynskj, D. E. F. Gracey, D. B. MacLean, and I. SzilagyiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 92, 19, 5816–5817Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00722a088https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00722a088research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Flatband solar cells: a model for solid-state nano-structured solar cells (2003)

Nano-structured solar are too complex for standard modeling. Here, we decouple the effects at a nm-scale from those at a /spl mu/m-scale. The 3D nano-porous geometry is simplified to a quasi-periodical nm-scale ordering of cells (a TiO/sub 2/ sphere and its p- semiconductor or dye/p-conductor shell). It is shown that, due to the periodical boundary conditions, such a unit cell is essentially field free; it is called here a cell'. The band-diagram, including possible discontinuities, the Fermi levels, carrier density and recombination (interface and bulk) of these flatband is given accurately by a back-of-the-envelope calculation, as confirmed by numerical simulation. The unit are connected in a 1-D electrical network, which also accounts for the transport effects in the porous TiO/sub 2/ network and for the contact effects at the electrodes. Results for solid-state nano-structured are presented.
Use of condensed tannin extract from quebracho trees to reduce methane emissions from cattle1 (2007)

Our objective was to determine if condensed tannin extract from quebracho trees (Schinopsis quebracho-colorado; red quebracho) could be used to reduce enteric methane emissions from cattle. The experiment was designed as a repeated 3 x 3 Latin square (4 squares) with 3 treatments (0, 1, and 2% of dietary DM as quebracho tannin extract) and 3 28-d periods. Six spayed Angus heifers (238 +/- 13.3 kg of initial BW) and 6 Angus steers (207 +/- 8.2 kg of initial BW) were each assigned to 2 squares. The measured condensed tannin content of the extract was 91%, and the basal diet contained 70% forage (DM basis). Feeding quebracho tannin extract had no effect on BW, ADG, or nutrient intakes. Furthermore, it had no effect on DM, energy, or fiber (ADF and NDF) digestibility, but apparent digestibility of CP decreased linearly (P < 0.001) by 5 and 15% with 1 and 2% quebracho tannin extract, respectively. There were no effects of quebracho tannin extract on methane emissions (g/d, g/kg of DM, % of GE intake, or % of DE intake). Feeding up to 2% of the dietary DM as quebracho tannin extract failed to reduce enteric methane emissions from growing cattle, although the protein-binding effect of the quebracho tannin extract was evident.
Current signatures [VLSI circuit testing] (2002)

In this paper we demonstrate that performing I/sub DDQ/ testing against a single threshold current value does not make sense. In place of the single current threshold we propose the "current signature". A die's current signature takes into account the relative measured level of current on all applied I/sub DDQ/ vectors. Preliminary results of current signature applications are discussed as well.
Priority polling and dynamic time-window mechanisms in a multicycle Fieldbus (2002)

Real-time local area networks have to handle synchronous and asynchronous data transfer. The data transfer is handled in two different phases or time windows. Priority polling algorithms that generate the polling sequence for the data transfer automatically respecting the periodic deadlines are presented. Dynamic mechanisms to extend time-windows are introduced and the network bandwidth is utilized more efficiently. These algorithms are computed during the real-time operation of the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation of Pinewood- and Wheat Straw-based Activated Carbon via a Microwave-assisted Potassium Hydroxide Treatment and an Analysis of the Effects of the Microwave Activation Conditions (2014)

This study explored the effect of activated carbon preparation conditions on their adsorption performance. Pinewood and wheat straw were used as source materials to prepare activated carbon via a fast activation process using KOH and microwave heating. The iodine numbers and carbon yields were determined to evaluate the adsorption properties of the activated carbon. The effects of various KOH/char mass ratios, particle sizes, humidity levels, and microwave heating times on the physical characteristics of the activated carbon were investigated. The iodine number and yield and SEM images were used to characterize the activated carbon. Small particle sizes, the presence of humidity in the purge gas, and high KOH/char ratios resulted in higher iodine numbers. The best activated carbons were obtained using a KOH/char ratio of 3.0, a microwave power of 600 W, a radiation time of 30 min, and a particle size of 0.1 to 0.42 mm in a humid environment; these carbons showed iodine numbers of 2208 mg/g (pinewood activated carbon) and 1420 mg/g (wheat straw activated carbon), with carbon yields of 73% and 52%, respectively. Longer microwave heating times increased the iodine number. The iodine numbers and yields of the pinewood activated carbons were much higher than those of their wheat straw counterparts.
Pathophysiological and clinical aspects of breathing after stroke (2001)

Abstract Stroke may disrupt breathing either by (A) causing a disturbance of central rhythm generation, (B) interrupting the descending respiratory pathways leading to a reduced respiratory drive, or (C) causing bulbar weakness leading to aspiration.
Byte-oriented decoding of canonical Huffman codes (2002)

Huffman codes or minimum-redundancy prefix codes is one of the most widespread compression techniques. Canonical codes are a subclass of Huffman codes. The canonical codes have a numerical sequence property, i.e. codewords with the same length are binary representations of consecutive integers. Once the length of the current codeword is known, it can be decoded by several arithmetic operations. The algorithm and data structure described in this work allow fast decoding of Huffman codes, that can be efficiently implemented without using bit operations.
Method for Microfluidic Whole-Chip Temperature Measurement Using Thin-Film Poly(dimethylsiloxane)/Rhodamine B (2007)

A novel method is presented for on-chip temperature measurements using a poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) thin film dissolved with Rhodamine B dye. This thin film is sandwiched between two glass substrates (one of which is 150 microm thick) and bonded to a microchannel molded in a PDMS substrate. Whole-chip (liquid and substrate) temperature measurements can be obtained via fluorescent intensity visualization. For verification purposes, the thin film was tested with a tapered microchannel subjected to Joule heating, with resulting axial temperature gradients comparing well with numerical simulations. Errors induced by the definite film thickness are discussed and accounted for during experimental and analytical analysis. Alternative validation using the traditional in-channel Rhodamine B injection method was also attempted. The thin film has several advantages over traditional methods. First, false intensity readings due to adsorption and absorption of Rhodamine B into PDMS channels are eliminated. Second, whole-chip temperature measurements are possible. Third, separation of working liquid from Rhodamine B dye prevents possible electrophoresis effects.
Stacked Predictive Sparse Coding for Classification of Distinct Regions in Tumor Histopathology (2013)

Image-based classification of tissue histology, in terms of distinct histopathology (e.g., tumor or necrosis regions), provides a series of indices for tumor composition. Furthermore, aggregation of these indices from each whole slide image (WSI) in a large cohort can provide predictive models of clinical outcome. However, the performance of the existing techniques is hindered as a result of large technical variations (e.g., fixation, staining) and biological heterogeneities (e.g., cell type, cell state) that are always present in a large cohort. We suggest that, compared with human engineered features widely adopted in existing systems, unsupervised feature learning is more tolerant to batch effect (e.g., technical variations associated with sample preparation) and pertinent features can be learned without user intervention. This leads to a novel approach for classification of tissue histology based on unsupervised feature learning and spatial pyramid matching (SPM), which utilize sparse tissue morphometric signatures at various locations and scales. This approach has been evaluated on two distinct datasets consisting of different tumor types collected from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), and the experimental results indicate that the proposed approach is (i) extensible to different tumor types; (ii) robust in the presence of wide technical variations and biological heterogeneities; and (iii) scalable with varying training sample sizes.
Distributed Processing (1978)

This issue of Computer is based on two workshops in distributed processing held at Brown University August 17-19, 1976, and August 3-5, 1977. Sponsored by the Army Research Office, the National Science Foundation, and the Office of Naval Research, the workshops attempted to define what distributed processing means and to develop a taxonomy of distributed processing applications and techniques. Achievements to date and outstanding research problems were examined in an attempt to find either commonality of problems and solutions or substantial differences.
Flexible terabit/s Nyquist-WDM super-channels using a gain-switched comb source (2015)

Terabit/s super-channels are likely to become the standard for next-generation optical networks and optical interconnects. A particularly promising approach exploits optical frequency combs for super-channel generation. We show that injection locking of a gain-switched laser diode can be used to generate frequency combs that are particularly well suited for terabit/s super-channel transmission. This approach stands out due to its extraordinary stability and flexibility in tuning both center wavelength and line spacing. We perform a series of transmission experiments using different comb line spacings and modulation formats. Using 9 comb lines and 16QAM signaling, an aggregate line rate (net data rate) of 1.296 Tbit/s (1.109 Tbit/s) is achieved for transmission over 150 km of standard single mode fiber (SSMF) using a spectral bandwidth of 166.5 GHz, which corresponds to a (net) spectral efficiency of 7.8 bit/s/Hz (6.7 bit/s/Hz). The line rate (net data rate) can be boosted to 2.112 Tbit/s (1.867 Tbit/s) for transmission over 300 km of SSMF by using a bandwidth of 300 GHz and QPSK modulation on the weaker carriers. For the reported net data rates and spectral efficiencies, we assume a variable overhead of either 7% or 20% for forward- error correction depending on the individual sub-channel quality after fiber transmission.
Essential Mathematics for Games and Interactive Applications, Second Edition: A Programmer's Guide (2008)

Essential Mathematics for Games and Interactive Applications, 2nd edition presents the core mathematics necessary for sophisticated 3D graphics and interactive physical simulations. The book begins with linear algebra and matrix multiplication and expands on this foundation to cover such topics as color and lighting, interpolation, animation and basic game physics. Essential Mathematics focuses on the issues of 3D game development important to programmers and includes optimization guidance throughout. The new edition Windows code will now use Visual Studio.NET. There will also be DirectX support provided, along with OpenGL - due to its cross-platform nature. Programmers will find more concrete examples included in this edition, as well as additional information on tuning, optimization and robustness. The book has a companion CD-ROM with exercises and a test bank for the academic secondary market, and for main market: code examples built around a shared code base, including a math library covering all the topics presented in the book, a core vector/matrix math engine, and libraries to support basic 3D rendering and interaction. There is also an associated website with updates and code patches, and PowerPoint slides from presentations.--Simple game engine with math, rendering, and input libraries on the CD-ROM, so that game developers can immediately start applying the techniques they learn in a basic codebase. --Exercises on the CD-ROM for educators to use for course material--Code samples shown throughout the book for real-world application
Autonomously detecting interaction with an affective robot to explore connection to developmental ability (2015)

This research employs an expressive robot to elicit affective response in young children and explore correlations between autonomously-detected play, affective response and developmental ability. In this study, we introduce a new, affective interface that combines sound, color, movement and context to simulate the expression of emotions. Our approach exploits social contingencies to emphasize the importance of situational cues in the proper interpretation of affective state. We studied a group of young children at various ages and stages of cognitive development, to: (1) evaluate the efficacy of using captured motion data to autonomously detect physical patterns of play while interacting with a robot, (2) examine relationships between physical play patterns and observed affective response and, (3) explore associations between developmental ability and play or affective response. This pilot study demonstrates that aggregate patterns of physical interaction with a robot are distinguishable through autonomous data collection. Further, statistical analyses demonstrates that developmental ability may be directly related to how a child interacts with and responds to an affective robot.
Fc Engineering Approaches to Enhance the Agonism and Effector Functions of an Anti-OX40 Antibody (2016)

Agonistic antibodies directed against immunostimulatory receptors belonging to the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily are emerging as promising cancer immunotherapies. Several Fc engineering approaches discovered recently can augment the anti-tumor activities of TNFR antibodies by enhancing their agonistic activities and/or effector functions. In this study, we compared these approaches for their effects on an anti-OX40 antibody. Both S267E/L328F and V12 mutations facilitated enhanced binding to FcγRIIB and thus increased FcγRIIB cross-linking mediated agonist activity. However, both mutations abrogated the binding to FcγRIIIA and thereby decreasing the antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity activities. In contrast, the E345R mutation, which can promote antibody multimerization upon receptor binding, facilitated anti-OX40 antibody to have increased agonism by promoting the clustering of OX40 receptors without the dependence on FcγRIIB cross-linking. Nonetheless, cross-linking to FcγRIIB can lead to a further boost of the agonism of the anti-OX40 antibody with IgG1 Fc but not with the silent IgG2σ Fc. The antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity and complement-dependent cytotoxicity activities of the anti-OX40 antibody with the E345R mutation were affected by the choice of IgG subtypes. However, there was little change in the antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis activity. In summary, different Fc engineering approaches can guide the design of engineered antibodies to OX40 and other TNFR with improved anti-tumor activity.
Dynamics of antigen and mitogen-induced responses in murine schistosomiasis japonica: <i>in vitro</i> comparison between hepatic granulomas and splenic cells. (1981)

Abstract The kinetics of immune and mitogen-stimulated responses to Schistosoma japonicum were examined in tissues of C57BL/6 mice infected with 25 cercariae for 0 to 22 wk. Fifty isolated hepatic granulomas cultured for 24 hr synthesized and secreted IgM and IgG nonspecific immunoglobulin as well as antibody to egg antigens (SEA), secreted lymphokine (eosinophil-stimulation promoter), and incorporated 3H-thymidine. These responses attained peaks at 7 to 8 wk and then declined markedly. The number of lymphocytes per spleen increased linearly to a plateau 4.3 × control numbers by 8 wk; however, Ig secretion by 107 spleen cells cultured for 24 hr peaked at 6 wk and then declined rapidly, whereas antibody synthesis (to SEA) first was detected at 4 wk, remained elevated between 6 and 12 weeks, and decreased only moderately by 22 wk. In vitro stimulation by SEA of splenic Ig synthesis and secretion and 3H-thymidine incorporation was maximal at 5 wk (16× and 4.3×, respectively) and decreased to control values by 12 wk. Similarly, the stimulation of splenic 3H-thymidine incorporation by mitogens (Con A, LPS) was profoundly depressed between 7 and 12 wk compared to control uninfected or acutely infected (2 or 5 wk) mice. SEA induced both immediate (1-hr) and delayed (24-hr) footpad swelling, which peaked at 7.5 and 9 wk, respectively, and decreased markedly by 20 wk of infection. These kinetics recall the spontaneous modulation of various clinical and pathologic parameters in the natural disease. However, it remains to be established that the spontaneous modulation of antigen- and mitogen-induced responses observed in this study is related to the spontaneous amelioration of the natural disease or of the experimental infection.
Measuring uncertainty in graph cut solutions - efficiently computing min-marginal energies using dynamic graph cuts (2006)

<p>In recent years the use of graph-cuts has become quite popular in computer vision. However, researchers have repeatedly asked the question whether it might be possible to compute a measure of uncertainty associated with the graph-cut solutions. In this paper we answer this particular question by showing how the min-marginals associated with the label assignments in a&nbsp;MRF&nbsp;can be efficiently computed using a new algorithm based on dynamic graph cuts. We start by reporting the discovery of a novel relationship between the min-marginal energy corresponding to a latent variable label assignment, and the flow potentials of the node representing that variable in the graph used in the energy minimization procedure. We then proceed to show how the min-marginal energy can be computed by minimizing a&nbsp;<em>projection</em>&nbsp;of the energy function defined by the&nbsp;MRF. We propose a fast and novel algorithm based on dynamic graph cuts to efficiently minimize these energy projections. The min-marginal energies obtained by our proposed algorithm are exact, as opposed to the ones obtained from other inference algorithms like loopy belief propagation and generalized belief propagation. We conclude by showing how min-marginals can be used to compute a confidence measure for label assignments in labelling problems such as image segmentation.</p>
Capacity improvement of base-station antenna arrays cellular CDMA (2002)

In this paper, the use of antenna arrays at base-station for cellular CDMA is discussed. We present a performance analysis for a multiple cell CDMA cellular system with an antenna array at base-station for both base-station to mobile (downlink) and mobile to base station (uplink) links. Considering the effects of path loss, Rayleigh fading, log-normal shadowing, multiple access interference, and the thermal noise, we show that using an antenna array at base-station, both in receiving and transmitting, to resolve angular positions of the mobiles, leads to a many-fold increase in system capacity. We also present simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transplantation of embryonal spinal cord nerve cells cultured on biodegradable microcarriers followed by low power laser irradiation for the treatment of traumatic paraplegia in rats (2002)

This pilot study examined the effects of composite implants of cultured embryonal nerve cells and laser irradiation on the regeneration and repair of the completely transected spinal cord. Embryonal spinal cord nerve cells dissociated from rat fetuses and cultured on biodegradable microcarriers and embedded in hyaluronic acid were implanted in the completely transected spinal cords of 24 adult rats. For 14 consecutive post-operative days, 15 rats underwent low power laser irradiation (780 nm, 250 mW), 30 min daily. Eleven of the 15 (73%) showed different degrees of active leg movements and gait performance, compared to 4 (44%) of the 9 rats with implantation alone. In a controlgroup of seven rats with spinal cord transection and no transplantation or laser, six (86%) remained completely paralyzed. Three months after transection, implantation and laser irradiation, SSEPs were elicited in 69% of rats (p = 0.0237) compared to 37.5% in the nonirradiated group. The control group had no SSEPs response. Intensive axonal sprouting occurred in the group with implantation and laser. In the control group, the transected area contained proliferating fibroblasts and blood capillaries only. This suggests: 1. These in vitro composite implants are a regenerative and reparative source for reconstructing the transected spinal cord. 2. Post-operative low power laser irradiation enhances axonal sprouting and spinal cord repair.