gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A nonlinear counts to antenna temperature algorithm for a total power radiometer with external calibration and noise diode injection (2016)

The newest innovation to passive microwave remote sensing technology is the inclusion of noise diodes for radiometric calibration of total power radiometers. Instead of the usual two-point calibration using passive black body sources, now there are four-calibration noise levels, which allow system nonlinearities to be corrected. Conventional approaches linearize the radiometer output "rad_counts" (using the four-point calibration correction) and use a linear transfer function to calculate the antenna temperature (TA) at the radiometer input. This paper presents a novel approach of using a quadratic radiometer transfer function (with nonlinear rad_counts) to derive (TA). This algorithm is tested using on-orbit satellite measurements from the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) Microwave Imager (GMI). Empirical results are presented, which show only mille-Kelvin differences between this TA algorithm and the standard TA product provided by NASA.
A search-based approach for accurate identification of log message formats (2018)

Many software engineering activities process the events contained in log files. However, before performing any processing activity, it is necessary to parse the entries in a log file, to retrieve the actual events recorded in the log. Each event is denoted by a log message, which is composed of a fixed part—called (event) template—that is the same for all occurrences of the same event type, and a variable part, which may vary with each event occurrence. The formats of log messages, in complex and evolving systems, have numerous variations, are typically not entirely known, and change on a frequent basis; therefore, they need to be identified automatically. The log message format identification problem deals with the identification of the different templates used in the messages of a log. Any solution to this problem has to generate templates that meet two main goals: generating templates that are not too general, so as to distinguish different events, but also not too specific, so as not to consider different occurrences of the same event as following different templates; however, these goals are conflicting. In this paper, we present the approach approach, which recasts the log message identification problem as a multi-objective problem. approach uses an evolutionary approach to solve this problem, by tailoring the NSGA-II algorithm to search the space of solutions for a Pareto optimal set of message templates. We have implemented approach in a tool, which we have evaluated on six real-world datasets, containing log files with a number of entries ranging from 2K to 300K. The experiments results show that approach extracts by far the highest number of correct log message templates, significantly outperforming two state-of-the-art approaches on all datasets.
A Furosemide-Sensitive K<sup>+</sup>–Cl<sup>−</sup>Cotransporter Counteracts Intracellular Cl<sup>−</sup>Accumulation and Depletion in Cultured Rat Midbrain Neurons (1999)

Efficacy of postsynaptic inhibition through GABAA receptors in the mammalian brain depends on the maintenance of a Cl- gradient for hyperpolarizing Cl- currents. We have taken advantage of the reduced complexity under which Cl- regulation can be investigated in cultured neurons as opposed to neurons in other in vitro preparations of the mammalian brain. Tightseal whole-cell recording of spontaneous GABAA receptor-mediated postsynaptic currents suggested that an outward Cl- transport reduced dendritic [Cl-]i if the somata of cells were loaded with Cl- via the patch pipette. We determined dendritic and somatic reversal potentials of Cl- currents induced by focally applied GABA to calculate [Cl-]i during variation of [K+]o and [Cl-] in the patch pipette. [Cl-]i and [K+]o were tightly coupled by a furosemide-sensitive K+-Cl- cotransport. Thermodynamic considerations excluded the significant contribution of a Na+-K+-Cl- cotransporter to the net Cl- transport. We conclude that under conditions of normal [K+]o the K+-Cl- cotransporter helps to maintain [Cl-]i at low levels, whereas under pathological conditions, under which [K+]o remains elevated because of neuronal hyperactivity, the cotransporter accumulates Cl- in neurons, thereby further enhancing neuronal excitability.
In Vitro Reconstitution of EryCIII Activity for the Preparation of Unnatural Macrolides (2005)

EryCIII is a desosaminyltransferase that converts an inactive macrolide precursor to a biologically active antibiotic. It may have potential for the synthesis of unnatural macrolides with useful biological activities. However, it has been difficult to reconstitute the activity of EryCIII in vitro. We report here that purified, inactive EryCIII can be converted to an active catalyst by the addition of another protein encoded in the same gene cluster, EryCII. The EryCII-treated protein retains activity even when EryCII is removed. We also show that AknT, an activator protein from an unrelated gene cluster, is capable of activating EryCIII. Although the mechanism of activation is not yet understood, we have concluded from these experiments that these antibiotic Gtf activator proteins do not function to deliver substrates to EryCIII and do not exert their effects by forming stable complexes with the Gtf during the glycosyltransfer reaction. We report that activated EryCIII is capable of utilizing an alternative sugar donor, so these results lay the groundwork for the production of novel macrolides.
Norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in behaving rats exhibit pronounced responses to non-noxious environmental stimuli. (1981)

The effect of sensory stimulation on discharge in norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus (NE-LC) neurons was studied in unanesthetized behaving rats. Single unit and multiple unit extracellular recordings demonstrated consistent patterns of response. (1) Short latency (15-to 50-msec), transient, biphasic changes in discharge were elicited predictably by non-noxious auditory, visual, and somatosensory stimuli; individual recordings typically exhibited polysensory responsiveness. (2) Sensory-evoked field potentials (FPs) were synchronized with unit responses simultaneously recorded from the same electrodes. (3) The magnitudes of sensory-evoked response varied as a function of vigilance, so that the largest responses occurred for stimuli which awakened animals and the least responsiveness was exhibited during uninterrupted sleep. (4) Sensory responsiveness decreased during grooming and sweet water consumption, similar to the results for sleep. (5) Characteristic response properties were topographically homogeneous throughout the NE-LC. (6) Discharge was synchronized markedly among neurons in multiple unit populations during phasic robust responses. These results are interpreted in light of the preceding report (Aston-Jones, G., and F.E. Bloom (1981) J. Neurosci. 1: 876-886) and studies of the postsynaptic effects of NE to indicate that the NE-LC system may function more in phasic processes than in modulation of the tonic arousal level. We propose that pronouced NE-LC discharge may enhance activity within target cell systems primarily concerned with processing salient external stimuli and suppress cental nervous system activity related more to tonic, vegetative functions. Thus, the NE-LC system may bias global behavioral orientation between stimuli in the external versus internal environments.
Laser power beaming for defense and security applications (2011)

Laser power beaming - transmitting electric power without wires via laser - has been demonstrated for kilowatt power levels and kilometer distances. This paper reviews the demonstrated and projected capabilities and limitations of laser power beaming, and analyzes the requirements for several application areas relevant to defense and security: unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), communications relays, sensor networks, and field unit or forward base power.
Influence of the Heteroatom Size on the Redox Potentials of Selected Polyoxoanions (2010)

The apparent formal potentials for the one-electron redox process of most Keggin-type heteropolytungstates, XW(12)O(40)(q-), have long been shown to linearly depend on their overall negative charges, in the absence of proton interference in the process. However, for a given overall negative charge, these formal potentials are also shown here to depend on the specific central heteroatom X. In the present work, cyclic voltammetry was used to study a large variety of Keggin-type anions, under conditions where their comparisons are straightforward. In short, apparent potential values get more negative (the clusters are more difficult to reduce) for smaller central heteroatoms within a given family of Keggin-type heteropolyanions carrying the same overall negative charge. Density functional theory calculations were performed on the same family of Keggin compounds and satisfactorily reproduce these trends. They show that internal XO(4) units affect differently the tungstate oxide cage. The electrostatic potential created by each internal anionic unit in a fragment-like approach (XO(4)(q-)@W(12)O(36)) was analyzed, and it is observed that X atoms of the same group show slight differences. Within each group of the periodic table, X atoms with lower atomic numbers are also smaller in size. The net effect of such a tendency is to produce a more negative potential in the surroundings and thus a smaller capacity to accept electrons. The case of [BW(12)O(40)](5-) illustrates well this conclusion, with the smallest heteroatom of the Keggin series with group III central elements and a very negative reduction potential with respect to the other elements of the same group. Particularly in this case, the electronic structure of the Keggin anion shows the effects of the small size of boron: the highest occupied molecular orbitals of [BW(12)O(40)](5-) appear to be approximately 0.35 eV higher than those in the other clusters of the same charge, explaining that the BO(4) unit is more unstable than AlO(4) or GaO(4) despite carrying the same formal charge.
Real-time implementation of time domain harmonic scaling of speech for rate modification and coding (1983)

Time domain harmonic scaling (TDHS) has been realized in real time on the Bell Laboratories digital signal processing (DSP) integrated circuit. It is an algorithm that can expand or compress the bandwidth and sampling rate of speech by taking advantage of the pitch structure in the speech signal. As such it is useful in a variety of speech applications including speech coding, speech enhancement, and rate modification. A single DSP can perform compression and a second DSP can perform expansion. Both operations require pitch information to be supplied with the input speech. Included in the system is a real-time pitch/periodicity detector which has also been implemented on a single DSP. Its design is based on a novel modification of the autocorrelation function type pitch detector. This paper presents details of both the TDHS and pitch detector implementation and discusses their performances. In particular in this paper we discuss a 2:1 compression and expansion system that has been used as part of a 9.6 kbit/s speech coder. TDHS was previously thought to require a much larger buffer than the RAM memory available in the DSP. We show that for all the compression/expansion ratios of interest the buffer size needed is twice the maximum pitch period.
The hyaluronate receptor is preferentially expressed on proliferating epithelial cells. (1989)

In the present study, we have examined the distribution of the hyaluronate receptor as well as hyaluronate itself in a variety of adult tissues. The hyaluronate receptor was localized with a monoclonal antibody, termed K-3, while hyaluronate was localized using proteolytic fragments of cartilage proteoglycan. Staining with the K-3 monoclonal antibody revealed that the hyaluronate receptor was present in a variety of epithelia including the skin, cheek, tongue, esophagus, vagina, intestines, oviduct, and bladder. However, it was notably absent from epithelial cells of the cornea and stomach as well as from endothelial cells of blood vessels. When present, the hyaluronate receptor was preferentially located in regions of active cell growth, such as in the basal layers of stratified epithelium and at the base of the crypts of Lieberkuhn in intestinal epithelium. A similar phenomenon was observed in cultured 3T3 cells. Cultures of 3T3 cells that were actively proliferating were found to have greater amounts of the receptor than their nonproliferating counterparts. When the various tissues were examined for hyaluronate, it was found to have a widespread distribution, being present in most of the basement membranes and between the cells in stratified epithelium. Indeed, in many cases, the distribution of hyaluronate closely paralleled that of the hyaluronate receptor. These results suggest that the interaction between hyaluronate and its receptor is involved in cell-to-substratum adhesion.
Populations And Home Range Relationships Of The Box Turtle, Terrapene Carolina (linnaeus). (1949)

PhD
Determination of CYP1A2 and NAT2 phenotypes in human populations by analysis of caffeine urinary metabolites (1992)

The wide variations in urinary bladder and colo-rectal cancer incidence in humans have been attributed in part to metabolic factors associated with exposure to carcinogenic aromatic and heterocyclic amines. Cytochrome P-4501A2 (CYP1A2), which catalyses N-oxidation, and acetyltransferase (NAT2) which catalyses N- and O-acetylation, both appear to be polymorphically distributed in human populations; and slow and rapid NAT2 phenotypes have been implicated as risk factors for these cancers. Caffeine has also been shown to undergo 3-demethylation by CYP1A2, and it is further acetylated to 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3-methyluracil (AFMU) by the polymorphic NAT2. In this report, we describe a metabolic phenotyping procedure that can be used to determine concomitantly the hepatic CYP1A2 and NAT2 phenotypes. For the NAT2 phenotype, we confirm the valid use of the urinary molar ratio of AFMU/1-methylxanthine, even in alkaline urines. For the CYP1A2 phenotype, the urinary molar ratio of [1,7-dimethylxanthine + 1,7-dimethyluric acid]/caffeine, taken at 4-5 h after caffeine ingestion, was identified from pharmacokinetic analyses of 12 subjects as being better correlated (r = 0.73; p = 0.007) with the rate constant for caffeine 3-demethylation than other previously suggested ratios. This procedure was then used to determine the CYP1A2 phenotype in subjects from Arkansas (n = 101), Italy (n = 95), and China (n = 78). Statistical and probit analyses of nonsmokers indicated that the CYP1A2 activity was not normally distributed and appeared trimodal. This trimodality allowed arbitrary designation of slow, intermediate, and rapid phenotypes, which ranged from 12-13% slow, 51-67% intermediate, and 20-37% rapid, in the different populations. A reproducibility study of 13 subjects over a 5 day or 5 week period showed that, with one exception, intraindividual variability did not alter this CYP1A2 phenotypic classification. Induction of CYP1A2 by cigarette smoking was also confirmed by the increased caffeine metabolite ratios observed in the Arkansas and Italian smokers (blonde tobacco). However, Italian smokers of black tobacco and Chinese smokers did not appear to be induced. Furthermore, probit analyses of Arkansas and Italian blonde tobacco smokers could not discriminate between phenotypes, apparently as a consequence of enzyme induction.
High-temperature cultivation of recombinant Pichia pastorisincreases endoplasmic reticulum stress and decreases production of human interleukin-10 (2014)

High-temperature cultivation of an rhIL-10 expression strain leads to prolonged retention of immature G3-pro-rhIL10 in ER, causing higher ER stress levels and thus greater yeast cell death rates and lower production of rhIL-10.
Differential regulation of astrocyte TNF‐α expression by the cytokines TGF‐β, IL‐6 and IL‐10 (1995)

In this study, we demonstrate that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), interleukin-10 (IL-10) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha expression by primary rat astrocytes. Treatment of astrocytes with TGF-beta alone had no effect on TNF-alpha expression, however, TGF-beta suppressed induction of TNF-alpha expression at both the protein and mRNA level. In contrast, IL-10 and IL-6 both inhibited TNF-alpha protein expression by astrocytes, but had no effect on mRNA levels. The extent of IL-6-mediated inhibition was greatest when astrocytes were pretreated with IL-6 for 12-24 hr, then exposed to the inducing stimuli, while IL-10 was an effective inhibitor even when added simultaneously with the inducing stimuli. Collectively, these data indicate that TGF-beta, IL-6 and IL-10 are all capable of inhibiting TNF-alpha expression by astrocytes, although these immunosuppressive cytokines act at different levels of gene expression; i.e. TGF-beta at the transcriptional level and IL-10/IL-6 at the translational level. These results indicate that TGF-beta, IL-6 and IL-10 are important regulators of cytokine production by astrocytes under inflammatory conditions in the brain, and can contribute to controlling the production of detrimental cytokines such as TNF-alpha.
A Comprehensive Framework for Testing Database-Centric Software Applications (2007)

The database is a critical component of many modern software applications. Recent reports indicate that the vast majority of database use occurs from within an application program. Indeed, database-centric applications have been implemented to create digital libraries, scientific data repositories, and electronic commerce applications. However, a database-centric application is very different from a traditional software system because it interacts with a database that has a complex state and structure. This dissertation formulates a comprehensive framework to address the challenges that are associated with the efficient and effective testing of database-centric applications. The database-aware approach to testing includes: (i) a fault model, (ii) several unified representations of a program's database interactions, (iii) a family of test adequacycriteria, (iv) a test coverage monitoring component, and (v) tools for reducing and re-ordering a test suite during regression testing.This dissertation analyzes the worst-case time complexity of every important testing algorithm. This analysis is complemented by experiments that measure the efficiency and effectiveness of thedatabase-aware testing techniques. Each tool is evaluated by using it to test six database-centric applications. The experiments show thatthe database-aware representations can be constructed with moderate time and space overhead. The adequacy criteria call for test suitesto cover 20% more requirements than traditional criteria and this ensures the accurate assessment of test suite quality. It is possibleto enumerate data flow-based test requirements in less than one minute and coverage tree path requirements are normally identified in no morethan ten seconds. The experimental results also indicate that the coverage monitor can insert instrumentation probes into all six of theapplications in fewer than ten seconds. Although instrumentation may moderately increase the static space overhead of an application, the coverage monitoring techniques only increase testing time by 55% on average. A coverage tree often can be stored in less than five seconds even though the coverage report may consume up to twenty-fivemegabytes of storage. The regression tester usually reduces or prioritizes a test suite in under five seconds. The experiments also demonstrate that the modified test suite is frequently more streamlined than the initial tests.
Performance Analysis for OFDM Signals With Peak Cancellation (2015)

Peak cancellation (PC) is known as one of the simplest peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction techniques that are applicable to various communications standards. The salient advantage of PC is its ease of hardware implementation, but it induces in-band distortion and out-of-band radiation. In order to restrict the amount of distortion within an acceptable level, it is critical to carefully design the cancelling pulses as well as the envelope threshold over which PC is applied. In most studies, however, they are determined empirically through computer simulations. This paper thus focuses on a rigorous theoretical analysis of PC applied to band-limited orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals, and discusses its validity and limitation for practical applications. Based on the level-crossing rate approximation of the peak distribution, we derive a closed-form expression for the achievable signal-to-distortion power ratio (SDR). We also analyze the adjacent channel leakage ratio (ACLR) as well as error vector magnitude (EVM), with which the symbol error rate (SER) over an additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel is obtained. All the theoretical results developed in this work are compared with those based on the corresponding computer simulations to justify our analytical approach. It thus serves as a useful and accurate tool for designing cancelling pulses as well as the threshold level, for given specific system requirements such as SDR (or EVM) and ACLR.
Krause's Food & the Nutrition Care Process (2020)

Krause's food & the nutrition care process / , Krause's food & the nutrition care process / , کتابخانه دیجیتالی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی و خدمات درمانی شهید بهشتی
Effects of Runway Deicers on Pavement Materials and Mixes: Comparison with Road Salt (2002)

Every year, large amounts of pavement deicing chemicals are used for snow and ice control on Canadian highways and airports. Until recently, urea had been the only pavement deicing chemical in use at Canadian airports, but due to recent concerns about the impact of this deicer on the environment, consideration has been given to replacing it with more environmentally friendly deicers. Concerns have also been expressed regarding the impact of road salts, which are used exclusively on highways but not airfields, on the environment. However, before substituting these conventional deicers with new ones, the potential deleterious effects of the new deicers on the pavement need to be quantified and compared with those of the conventional deicers. This paper presents an investigation to compare the destructive effect of newly introduced deicing chemicals such as potassium acetate and sodium formate, with urea and ordinary road salts on the durability of pavement construction aggregates and asphalt concrete when subjected to freeze-thaw cycles while submerged in solutions of different concentrations. The destructive effect of each deicer on aggregates was determined in terms of percent weight loss due to breakdown. For pavement samples, it was quantified in terms of weight and density loss, change in mechanical properties, variation in the penetration of recovered asphalt, and variation in the gradation of recovered aggregates. The test results showed that for all deicers the critical concentration, the one that caused the greatest damage to the aggregate, was in the 1–2% range, and for all deicers the quartzite aggregate suffered more damage than the limestone. It was also found that the road salt produced comparable damage to that caused by other deicers to quartzite, while the damage was significantly less for limestone aggregates. In case of asphalt concrete samples, it was found that conditioning asphalt samples using freeze-thaw cycles in the presence of a deicer solution caused a decrease in the indirect tensile strength and modulus of elasticity and an increase in the penetration values of the recovered asphalt cement. In addition, the test results showed that the maximum damage was caused by urea, while the damage due to the other deicers was comparable to that of distilled water.