gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Digital Microfluidics: A New Paradigm for Radiochemistry (2015)

The emerging technology of digital microfluidics is opening up the possibility of performing radiochemistry at the microliter scale to produce tracers for positron emission tomography (PET) labeled with fluorine-18 or other isotopes. Working at this volume scale not only reduces reagent costs but also improves specific activity (SA) by reducing contamination by the stable isotope. This technology could provide a practical means to routinely prepare high-SA tracers for applications such as neuroimaging and could make it possible to routinely achieve high SA using synthesis strategies such as isotopic exchange. Reagent droplets are controlled electronically, providing high reliability, a compact control system, and flexibility for diverse syntheses with a single-chip design. The compact size may enable the development of a self-shielded synthesizer that does not require a hot cell. This article reviews the progress of this technology and its application to the synthesis of PET tracers.
Increasing the effectiveness of benchmarking in the restaurant industry (2015)

Benchmarking has been shown to be an important activity in almost every industry. Benchmarking allows for measurable processes, systems and results to be compared (benchmarked) against those of other organisations. The foodservice industry has a variety of attributes that can be measured and compared. First, though, restaurants should be classified on the basis of attributes such as service level, average check, type of food served, availability of alcohol, and the presence or absence of entertainment, etc. This study discusses the importance of benchmarking and why a reliable classification system is needed to allow effective benchmarking to occur. It then takes an existing and newly developed system and builds on it by adding two important (and differentiating) operational characteristics. Using cluster analysis and these variables as the basis of differentiation, seven groups were discovered. Implications for practitioners and academics are discussed. A comprehensive classification system, quantitatively derived, allows restaurant practitioners and academics to have a clear way to compare and benchmark performance in various foodservice environments. This also allows the large variety of foodservice segments to differentiate between the operational and performance variances that are inherent due to the distinctions mentioned.
Increased Platelet Binding to Circulating Monocytes in Acute Coronary Syndromes (2002)

There is evidence for a significant P-selectin-independent molecular component to the platelet-monocyte conjugation observed in peripheral blood. Patients with myocardial infarction and unstable angina demonstrate increased total binding of platelets to monocytes. Additionally, calcium-independent adhesion was significantly elevated in patients with evidence of myocardial infarction. These findings demonstrate that novel cation-independent adhesion mechanisms may mediate platelet-monocyte binding, representing a new therapeutic target after vascular injury associated with myocardial infarction.
The Effect of Novel Rhenium Compounds on Lymphosarcoma, PC-3 Prostate and Myeloid Leukemia Cancer Cell Lines and an Investigation on the DNA Binding Properties of One of these Compounds through Electronic Spectroscopy (2013)

Despite the tremendous success of cisplatin and other platinum-based anticancer drugs, severe toxicity and resistance to tumors limit their applications. It is believed that the coordination (formation of covalent bond) of the metal (platinum) to the nitrogen bases of DNA cause the ruptures of the cancer as well as normal cells. A search for anticancer drugs with different modes of action resulted in the synthesis of variety of novel compounds. Many of them are in clinical trials now. Recently we synthesized a series of novel rhenium pentylcarbonato compounds (<b>PC1-PC6</b>). The rhenium atom in each compound is coordinated (bonded) to a planar polypyridyl aromatic ligand, thereby forcing each compound to intercalate between the DNA bases. We have investigated the DNA binding properties of one of the <b>PC</b>-series of compounds (<b>PC6</b>) using electronic spectroscopy. The UV absorption titration of <b>PC6</b> with DNA shows hypochromic effect with concomitant bathochromic shift of the charge transfer band at 290 nm. These results suggest that the compound <b>PC6</b> binds to DNA through intercalation. It is therefore likely that the other <b>PC</b>-series of compounds will behave in a similar manner. Thus it is expected that these compounds will exhibit negligible or no side effect. We have observed that the <b>PC</b>-series of compounds are strong cytotoxic agents against lymphosarcoma (average GI50 ≈ 2±2.6 µM), PC-3 prostate (average GI50 ≈ 3±2.8 µM) and myeloid leukemia (average GI50 ≈ 3±2.8 µM) cancer cell lines. The average GI50 values of the <b>PC</b>-series of compounds are 2-3 less than the corresponding GI50 values of cisplatin. Also each of the <b>PC</b>-series of compounds exhibits less toxicity than cisplatin in the glomerular mesangial cells.
p21WAF1 regulates anchorage-independent growth of HCT116 colon carcinoma cells via E-cadherin expression. (2000)

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21WAF1 has been characterized as an important effector of the tumor suppressor p53 and has been linked to various growth-regulatory processes. To identify a potential role of p21 in anchorage-dependent growth control, we analyzed a pair of HCT116 human colon carcinoma cell lines that differed only in their p21 status. We found that during suspension culture, HCT116 cells (which contain wildtype p53 and p21) continued to proliferate and formed compact multicellular spheroids (MCSs). In contrast, HCT116 cells engineered to lack functional p21 (HCTp21-/-) were unable to form MCSs in suspension culture, ceased proliferation, and eventually died through apoptosis. The parental HCT116 cells underwent the same fate when treated with hyaluronidase, indicating that cell-cell contact might be required for survival in suspension culture. We established that E-cadherin was induced in HCT116 but not in HCTp21-/- cells and accounted for the formation of MCSs. Forced expression of E-cadherin or p21 in HCTp21-/- cells restored the ability to form MCSs and to grow independently of anchorage. Moreover, HCTp21-/- cells exhibited a severely reduced transformed phenotype and demonstrated greatly enhanced chemosensitivity in suspension culture. Thus, our results link an important regulator of the cell cycle machinery to the expression of a cell-cell adhesion molecule involved in tumor formation. Because our results indicate that loss of p21 severely impairs the ability of HCT cells to grow independently of anchorage, it may not be coincidental that inactivating mutations of this gene are very rarely found in tumor cells.
Treatment with Intralesional Granulocyte Instillations and Interferon-  for a Patient with Chronic Granulomatous Disease and Multiple Hepatic Abscesses (1994)

We present the case of a 16-year-old girl with p22-deficient chronic granulomatous disease in whom multiple hepatic abscesses secondary to Staphylococcus aureus infection developed. Infection persisted despite extensive surgery and aggressive antibiotic therapy. Conventional intravenous granulocyte transfusions were not tolerated because of the development of alloantibodies to HLA. Treatment with interferon-gamma and intralesional granulocyte infusions was associated with dramatic clinical and radiographic improvement. No morbidity was associated with this therapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of treatment with intralesional granulocyte instillations. Intralesional granulocyte instillation in association with interferon-gamma administration may result in clinical improvement in the conditions of patients with chronic granulomatous disease and hepatic abscesses for whom conventional therapy has failed.
Identification of an NK/T cell–restricted progenitor in adult bone marrow contributing to bone marrow– and thymic-dependent NK cells (2010)

Although bone marrow (BM) is the main site of natural killer (NK)-cell development in adult mice, recent studies have identified a distinct thymic-dependent NK pathway, implicating a possible close link between NK- and T-cell development in adult hematopoiesis. To investigate whether a potential NK-/T-lineage restriction of multipotent progenitors might take place already in the BM, we tested the full lineage potentials of NK-cell progenitors in adult BM. Notably, although Lin(-)CD122(+)NK1.1(-)DX5(-) NK-cell progenitors failed to commit to the B and myeloid lineages, they sustained a combined NK- and T-cell potential in vivo and in vitro at the single-cell level. Whereas T-cell development from NK/T progenitors is Notch-dependent, their contribution to thymic and BM NK cells remains Notch-independent. These findings demonstrate the existence of bipotent NK-/T-cell progenitors in adult BM.
Isolation and Identification of Molecular Species of Phosphatidylcholine and Lysophosphatidylcholine from Jojoba Seed Meal (<i>Simmondsia chinensis</i>) (2004)

A mixture of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) has been isolated by column chromatography from a jojoba meal (Simmondsia chinensis) extract. The molecular species of both classes could be separated and isolated by C18 reversed phase HPLC. The two major compounds were identified by 1D and 2D (1)H and (13)C NMR, by MS, and by GC-MS as 1-oleoyl-3-lysophosphatidylcholine and 1,2-dioleoyl-3-phosphatidylcholine. Eight other molecular species of LPC and four other molecular species of PC could be assigned by comparison of the mass spectra of the isolated compounds with the spectra of the two major compounds. Complete characterization of the individual molecular species was achieved by GC and GC-MS analysis of the fatty acyl composition from the isolated compounds. The PC/LPC proportion in the phospholipid mixture from three different samples is 1.6 +/- 0.1. LPC is considered to be an important bioactive compound; the results of this study suggest further research for the evaluation of potential health benefits of jojoba meal phospholipids.
Thermal Properties and Order Parameter for Model Compounds of Liquid Crystalline Polymers (1987)

Abstract The thermal behavior and order parameter of two kinds of model compounds for liquid crystalline polyesters were studied by DSC and ESR spin probe methods, respectively. The transition temperatures for the twin model compounds which composed of structural sequences with a mesogen-flexible chain-mesogen demonstrated a dramatic odd-even alternation as increasing the number of methylene unit in the central flexible part. Both melting (Tm) and isotropization (Ti) temperatures for the twin model compounds with an even number of methylene lengths were higher than those with an odd number of methylene lengths. The strong alternation in the isotropization entropy change(ΔSi) and in the order parameter (S) were also observed in these twin compounds with variable spacer lengths. However, an inverse alternation regarding with the number of methylene length was found in Si and S for the azobenzene type of twin models which are composed of the inverse order of atoms in the ester linkage comparing with that of the cyanostilbene type of twin models.
High-level resistance to moxifloxacin and gatifloxacin associated with a novel mutation in gyrB in toxin-A-negative, toxin-B-positive Clostridium difficile (2006)

High-level resistance to fluoroquinolones in A- B+ C. difficile is associated with a novel transversion mutation in gyrB. The emergence of universal resistance in different C. difficile strain types may be a factor promoting outbreaks in hospitals.
Introduction to Optical Testing (1993)

This volume in the SPIE Tutorial Text series presents a practical approach to optical testing, with emphasis on techniques, procedures, and instrumentation rather than mathematical analysis. The author provides the reader with a basic understanding of the measurements made and the tools used to make those measurements. Detailed information is given on how to measure and characterize imaging systems, perform optical bench measurements to determine first- and third-order properties of optical systems, set up and operate a Fizeau interferometer and evaluate fringe data, conduct beam diagnostics (such as wavefront sensing), and perform radiometric calibrations
US Army Field Jacket Development in Response to Material Shortages and the Exigencies of World War II (2012)

Hwang explores how the combined power urgency and material shortages forced the US Army into a specific pattern of uniform design and development during World War II.
In-cycle control of the thermoforming reheat process (2002)

In this thesis, the problem of closed loop control during the thermoforming sheet reheat process is considered. The approach aims to improve the material distribution of a formed thermoplastic part via better sheet temperature control prior to forming. Improved control of material distribution will increase part quality and result in fewer part rejects, thereby increasing production efficiency.
Controllable and uncontrollable stress in humans: alterations in mood and neuroendocrine and psychophysiological function (1987)

The authors exposed 10 healthy human volunteers to the stress of loud (100 dB) noise under controllable and uncontrollable conditions on two separate days. Subjects reported higher self-ratings of helplessness, lack of control, tension, stress, unhappiness, anxiety, and depression; had greater hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis function as measured by elevations in plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone; and had higher levels of sympathetic nervous system and electrodermal activity after the uncontrollable stress condition than after exposure to controllable stress. Thus, lack of control over even a mildly aversive stimulus can produce alterations in mood as well as neuroendocrine and autonomic nervous system changes in healthy subjects.
Stimulation of Fascin Spikes by Thrombospondin-1 Is Mediated by the Gtpases Rac and Cdc42 (2000)

Cell adhesion to extracellular matrix is an important physiological stimulus for organization of the actin-based cytoskeleton. Adhesion to the matrix glycoprotein thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) triggers the sustained formation of F-actin microspikes that contain the actin-bundling protein fascin. These structures are also implicated in cell migration, which may be an important function of TSP-1 in tissue remodelling and wound repair. To further understand the function of fascin microspikes, we examined whether their assembly is regulated by Rho family GTPases. We report that expression of constitutively active mutants of Rac or Cdc42 triggered localization of fascin to lamellipodia, filopodia, and cell edges in fibroblasts or myoblasts. Biochemical assays demonstrated prolonged activation of Rac and Cdc42 in C2C12 cells adherent to TSP-1 and activation of the downstream kinase p21-activated kinase (PAK). Expression of dominant-negative Rac or Cdc42 in C2C12 myoblasts blocked spreading and formation of fascin spikes on TSP-1. Spreading and spike assembly were also blocked by pharmacological inhibition of F-actin turnover. Shear-loading of monospecific anti-fascin immunoglobulins, which block the binding of fascin to actin into cytoplasm, strongly inhibited spreading, actin cytoskeletal organization and migration on TSP-1 and also affected the motility of cells on fibronectin. We conclude that fascin is a critical component downstream of Rac and Cdc42 that is needed for actin cytoskeletal organization and cell migration responses to thrombospondin-1.
[The interaction between La and polyurethane system]. (2004)

A series of polyether polyurethane (PU)-LaCl3 composites with different lanthanum contents were prepared. DSC results indicate that LaCl3 promotes phase transition behavior of the LaCl3/PU composites, which causes the endothermic peak at 11.58 degrees C to disappear. FTIR spectroscopy demonstrates that significant variation can be observed. The peak at 1633 cm(-1) attributed to carbonyl vibration and the peak at 3311 cm(-1) attributed to N-H stretching band moves to 1647 cm(-1) and 3355 cm(-1), respectively, when LaCl3 is introduced into the PU system. A new band (-200 cm(-1)) assigned to the La-O band was observed, and the far IR result provided a direct evidence of the coordination between La3+ ion and C=O group of PU system.
An improved DSC control of IM using band width prediction (2002)

On the basis of soft-switched inverter, an improved stator direct self control (DSC) using band width prediction (BWP) of an induction motor is proposed. The response of DSC is slower during start-up and during change in command torque. The BWP is used for implementation to improve its slow response. The zero vector is not adopted in the BWP control, this not only improve the response of DSC, but also reduces the effect of the stator resistor, especially at low speed. The simulation and result is proposed to verify the BWP.
Glucose-induced changes in integrins and matrix-related functions in cultured human glomerular epithelial cells (2003)

In cultured human glomerular epithelial cells (HGEC), 25 mM glucose resulted in decreased expression of alpha(3)-, alpha(2)-, and beta(1)-integrins and increased expression of alpha(5)- and alpha(v)beta(3)-integrins. This change was accompanied by decreased binding of HGEC to type IV collagen. In the presence of normal (5 mM) glucose concentration, cell binding to type IV collagen was primarily mediated by alpha(2)beta(1)- and alpha(5)beta(1)-integrins, as indicated by experiments in which cell adhesion to type IV collagen was competed by specific anti-integrin monoclonal antibodies. In the presence of high (25 mM) glucose, the upregulated alpha(5)- and alpha(v)beta(3)-integrins were mainly involved in cell binding to type IV collagen. Furthermore, high glucose decreased expression of matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), a collagenase regulated in part by alpha(3)beta(1)-integrin, as suggested by the use of ligand-mimicking antibodies against these integrins, which resulted in release of increased amounts of MMP-2 in the culture medium. Finally, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2, the specific inhibitor of MMP-2, was upregulated in high glucose and could contribute to matrix accumulation. These changes could help explain basement membrane thickening in diabetes.
Resistive computation (2010)

As CMOS scales beyond the 45nm technology node, leakage concerns are starting to limit microprocessor performance growth. To keep dynamic power constant across process generations, traditional MOSFET scaling theory prescribes reducing supply and threshold voltages in proportion to device dimensions, a practice that induces an exponential increase in subthreshold leakage. As a result, leakage power has become comparable to dynamic power in current-generation processes, and will soon exceed it in magnitude if voltages are scaled down any further. Beyond this inflection point, multicore processors will not be able to afford keeping more than a small fraction of all cores active at any given moment. Multicore scaling will soon hit a power wall. This paper presents resistive computation, a new technique that aims at avoiding the power wall by migrating most of the functionality of a modern microprocessor from CMOS to spin-torque transfer magnetoresistive RAM (STT-MRAM)---a CMOS-compatible, leakage-resistant, non-volatile resistive memory technology. By implementing much of the on-chip storage and combinational logic using leakage-resistant, scalable RAM blocks and lookup tables, and by carefully re-architecting the pipeline, an STT-MRAM based implementation of an eight-core Sun Niagara-like CMT processor reduces chip-wide power dissipation by 1.7× and leakage power by 2.1× at the 32nm technology node, while maintaining 93% of the system throughput of a CMOS-based design.
Mutant Anthrax Toxin B Moiety (Protective Antigen) Inhibits Angiogenesis and Tumor Growth (2007)

Abstract Bacillus anthracis protective antigen (PA), the B subunit of the binary anthrax toxin, binds to the cellular receptors capillary morphogenesis gene 2 protein and tumor endothelial marker 8 with high affinity. Both receptors are expressed on endothelial cells during angiogenesis. We sought to determine whether one could inhibit angiogenesis by interfering with the binding of these receptors to their endogenous ligands. Here, we show that wild-type PA inhibits both vascular endothelial growth factor–induced and basic fibroblast growth factor–induced angiogenesis at moderate but statistically significant levels. Structure-activity studies identified a PA mutant that exhibited markedly enhanced inhibition of angiogenesis and also inhibited tumor growth in vivo. This mutant, PASSSR, is unable to undergo normal cellular processing and, thus, remains bound to the surface receptor. Further mutation of PASSSR so that it does not bind to these cell surface receptors abolished its ability to inhibit angiogenesis. We conclude that high-affinity anthrax toxin receptor (ATR) ligands, such as PA and PASSSR, are angiogenesis inhibitors and that ATRs are useful targets for antiangiogenic therapy. These results also suggest that endothelial cell-binding proteins from additional pathogens may inhibit angiogenesis and raise the question of the role of such inhibition in pathogenesis. [Cancer Res 2007;67(20):9980–5]
Efficient and Error-Free Replication past a Minor-Groove <i>N</i><sup>2</sup>-Guanine Adduct by the Sequential Action of Yeast Rev1 and DNA Polymerase ζ (2004)

Rev1, a member of the Y family of DNA polymerases, functions in lesion bypass together with DNA polymerase zeta (Pol zeta). Rev1 is a highly specialized enzyme in that it incorporates only a C opposite template G. While Rev1 plays an indispensable structural role in Pol zeta-dependent lesion bypass, the role of its DNA synthetic activity in lesion bypass has remained unclear. Since interactions of DNA polymerases with the DNA minor groove contribute to the nearly equivalent efficiencies and fidelities of nucleotide incorporation opposite each of the four template bases, here we examine the possibility that unlike other DNA polymerases, Rev1 does not come into close contact with the minor groove of the incipient base pair, and that enables it to incorporate a C opposite the N(2)-adducted guanines in DNA. To test this idea, we examined whether Rev1 could incorporate a C opposite the gamma-hydroxy-1,N(2)-propano-2'deoxyguanosine DNA minor-groove adduct, which is formed from the reaction of acrolein with the N(2) of guanine. Acrolein, an alpha,beta-unsaturated aldehyde, is generated in vivo as the end product of lipid peroxidation and from other oxidation reactions. We show here that Rev1 efficiently incorporates a C opposite this adduct from which Pol zeta subsequently extends, thereby completing the lesion bypass reaction. Based upon these observations, we suggest that an important role of the Rev1 DNA synthetic activity in lesion bypass is to incorporate a C opposite the various N(2)-guanine DNA minor-groove adducts that form in DNA.