gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Validated LC-MS-MS Method for the Determination of Quetiapine in Human Plasma: Application to a Pharmacokinetic Study (2012)

A sensitive and selective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method for the determination of quetiapine was developed and validated over the linearity range 1-1500 ng/mL with 0.1 mL of plasma using clozapine as the internal standard. Detection was performed on a triple-quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer using positive electrospray ionization and quantification was performed by selected reaction monitoring mode. The MS-MS ion transitions monitored were m/z 384.1 → 253.1 and 327.0 → 270.0 for quetiapine and clozapine, respectively. The between- and within-run precision was less than 7.44% and accuracy was less than 10.2%. The lower limit of quantification was 1 ng/mL. The extraction recoveries of quetiapine were over 90%. The method is proved to be accurate and specific, and was applied to the pharmacokinetic study in healthy Chinese volunteers.
RESULTS OF SURGERY IN CONGENITAL DEFORMITIES OF THE HEART.* (1951)

Summary Two hundred and three operations performed on patients suffering from congenital abnormalities of the heart and great vessels are reviewed. The conclusions reached as result of these operations are given. An assessment has been made of the results obtained.
The glomerular filtration rate determined with<sup>993</sup>Tc-DTPA and a portable cadmium telluride detector (1978)

In twenty-two patients with 51Cr-EDTA renal clearance (glomerular filtration rate) values of 36-141 ml/min, the final plasma disappearance rate constant of i.v. injected 99mTc-DTPA (Sn) was found to be very close to that of 51Cr-EDTA determined from 180 to 300 min after injection. The disappearance of i.v. injected 99mTc-DTPA (Sn) was also recorded from the body surface by means of a low weight cadmium telluride detector (CRN, Strasbourg, France) and commercially available stationary or portable tape recorders. The disappearance rate constant of 99mTc-DTPA as determined externally from 30 min was comparable to that in plasma determined from 180-300 min. The external rate constant could be converted to plasma clearance by means of one plasma 99mTc-activity determination 180 min after injection. The calculated values agreed with the conventionally determined 51Cr-EDTA clearance values. The portability of the detector system allows it to be used to estimate alterations in GFR during the measurement due to changes in physical conditions such as posture, exercise, etc.
Accerelation of the moving paricle semi-implicit method through multi-GPU parallel computing with dynamic domain decomposition (2013)

In this paper, we propose the dynamic domain decomposition for particle methods, in which the full particles domain is decomposed into several sub-particle domains according to their initial positions. In the dynamic domain decomposition, the exchange of the particle data between neighboring sub-particle domains are effectively reduced, since each sub-domain moves along the particle motions. In addition, when the portion of the boundary particle domain to the full particle domain is small, the accerelation of numerical simulations can be achieved through the parallel computing by using the libraries such as MPIs. In this paper, we apply the method of dynamic domain decomposition to the multi-GPU parallel computing and investigate the efficiency of the method for the numerical accelerations. In fact, we will demonstrate that in dam break simulations, where the balk of water is moved from one side of the wall to another, the acceleration is achieved by reducing the ratio between the volume of the boundary particle domain and that of the full particle domain.
Modeling and Control Design for a Very Low-Frequency High-Voltage Test System (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> With the rapid growth of energy generation by regenerative decentralized sources and the continuous replacement of overhead power lines by subterraneous distribution grids, the amount of power supply cables is increasing. In consequence, a large demand for mobile high-voltage cable test systems is expected within the coming years. This contribution deals with modeling and control design of a novel high-voltage test system based on a zero-voltage switching series-parallel resonant converter and a three-stage Cockcroft–Walton voltage multiplier rectifier, generating a true sinus test voltage of 85 kV (rms) at 0.1 Hz. Due to the inherent high dynamics of the power supply as compared to the slowly varying output test voltage, a cascaded control scheme relying on a fast inner current control loop combined with an outer voltage control is established. In order to derive the relevant waveforms, the complex rectifier was significantly simplified to a one-stage voltage doubler rectifier. By applying a suitable generalized averaging method in combination with an extended describing function, a steady-state solution along with the corresponding small signal model can be established, which is utilized for the current control design. The cascaded control strategy using an observer enables substitution of voluminous and costly high-voltage current sensors. The total high-voltage test system was implemented and validated by experimental tests. </para>
Multiple Antennas Selection for Linear Precoding MISO Cognitive Radio (2009)

Using multiple antennas in coexisting radio systems can cancel or control the co-channel interference (CCI), hence improve the overall spectrum efficiency. However, one of the drawbacks of such techniques is the hardware complexity. Antenna selection technology may reduce such costs while partly keeping the advantages of multiple antennas. In this paper, we focus on the downlink of a linear precoding multiple input single output (MISO) cognitive radio (CR) system and apply antenna selection techniques in the transmitter side of the secondary system. We discuss the optimal, maximum norm, and our proposed subset optimal selection strategy, which has a lower computational complexity and reduces feedback information compared to the optimal method. The simulation results show that our proposed methods achieve near optimal performance in terms of SNR.
Synthesis and antiviral activity of 3'-deoxy-3'-C-hydroxymethyl nucleosides (1990)

A series of 3'-branched-chain sugar nucleosides, in particular 3'-deoxy-3'-C-hydroxmethyl nucleosides, have been synthesized and evaluated as antiviral agents. Reaction of 1-(2,3-epoxy-5-O-trityl-beta-D-lyxo-pentofuranosyl) derivatives 12 and 13, of uracil and thymine, respectively, with 5,6-dihydro-2-lithio-5-methyl-1,3,5-dithiazine 14 afforded the corresponding 3'-functionalized nucleosides 15 and 16, respectively. Replacement of the trityl group with tertbutyldiphenylsilyl allowed high yielding hydrolysis of the 3'-function to give the 3'-deoxy-3'-C-formyl-beta-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl nucleosides 21 and 22. Desilylation afforded the 1-(3-deoxy-3-C-formyl-beta- D-lyxo-pentofuranosyl) 3',5'-O-hemiacetal nucleosides 33 and 34, respectively. Reduction of the formyl group of 21 and 22, followed by desilylation, yielded the 3'-deoxy-3'-C-(hydroxymethyl)-beta-D-arabino- pentofuranosyl) analogues 7 and 8, respectively. The uracil base moiety of 7 was converted to 5-iodouracil and then to (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)uracil to furnish an analogue 10 of BVaraU. The 1-(3-deoxy-3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-beta-D-lyxo-pentofuranosyl) and 1-(2,3-dideoxy-3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl) derivatives of uracil (31 and 6, respectively) and 5-iodouracil (32 and 9, respectively) were also obtained. All novel, fully deprotected nucleoside analogues were evaluated for antiviral activity against human immunodeficiency virus type-1, herpes simplex virus types-1 and -2, varicella zoster virus, human cytomegalovirus and influenza A. Of the compounds tested only (E)-5-(2-bromovinyl)-1-[3-deoxy- 3-C-(hydroxymethyl)-beta-D-arabino-pentofuranosyl]uracil (10) inhibited VZV (alone), but did so at concentrations well below the cytotoxicity threshold.
Biosynthesis of α-Farnesene and its Relation to Superficial Scald Development in `Delicious' Apples (1998)

α-Farnesene is an acyclic sesquiterpene hydrocarbon that is a constituent of the volatile components and the surface wax of apples ( Malus ×domestica Borkh.). Although oxidation products of α-farnesene have been implicated in the development of superficial scald in apples, the relation between α-farnesene biosynthesis and scald development is not well understood. In vivo labeling studies using isolated tissue segments showed that α-farnesene is derived from trans,trans -[1,2- 14 Cor 1- 3 H]-farnesyl pyrophosphate (FPP) mostly in the skin rather than cortex tissue. Among other labeled products, farnesol was >100-fold higher compared to α-farnesene. However, HPLC analysis of hexane-extractable components from apple skin revealed farnesol is not a predominant natural constituent of apple skin tissue. In addition, trans,trans -[1- 3 H]-farnesol was not converted to α-farnesene by apple skin tissue. Our results indicate that biosynthesis of α-farnesene in apple tissue occurs through the isoprenoid pathway, and the conversion of FPP to α-farnesene is catalyzed by a single sesquiterpene synthase enzyme, trans,trans -α-farnesene synthase, rather than via farnesol as an intermediate. A comparison of α-farnesene biosynthesis between scald-developing and scald-free regions of the same apple showed that incorporation of radiolabel into α-farnesene from trans,trans -[1- 3 H]-FPP was nearly 3-fold lower in scald-developing skin tissue than in scald-free skin tissue.
Design, Cultivation and Application of Load-Bearing Mycelium Components: The MycoTree at the 2017 Seoul Biennale of Architecture and Urbanism (2017)

MycoTree is a spatial branching structure made out of load-bearing mycelium components. Its geometry was designed using 3D graphic statics, utilising compression-only form to enable the weak material to perform structurally. Using only mycelium and bamboo, the structure represents a provocative vision of how one may move beyond the mining of our construction materials from the earth's crust to their cultivation; how achieving stability through geometry rather than through material strength opens up possibilities to use weaker materials structurally and safely; and ultimately, how newly developed cultivated materials in combination with informed structural design have the potential to propose an alternative to established building materials for a more sustainable construction industry.
First results from a prototype level-1 calorimeter trigger system for LHC, RD 27 (UK) collaboration (1993)

Paper presented at 4. International Conf. on Calorimetry in High Energy Physics, held in Isola d'Elba (IT), 19-25 Sep 1993
Expression of the free β‐subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin in renal cell carcinoma: Prognostic study on tissue and serum (2003)

Expression of the free beta-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCGbeta) in malignant tumors is frequently associated with aggressive disease. We have shown previously that the pretreatment serum concentration of hCGbeta is an independent prognostic variable in patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC). We now compare the serum levels with the expression of hCGbeta antigen and mRNA in tumor tissue and studied whether these are associated with the clinical outcome. Serum samples were collected before surgery from patients with RCC (n = 256) and from 84 apparently healthy controls. HCGbeta in serum was measured by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Tissue expression was detected by immunohistochemical staining of a tissue microarray (TMA) comprising 229 samples, and in selected cases by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of hCGbeta mRNA (n = 20) from tumor tissue. The prognostic value of hCGbeta in serum and tissue and the association with usual clinicopathological variables was analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method, the log-rank test, Cox multiple hazard regression, Mann-Whitney U-test or Kruskal-Wallis test. The serum concentrations of hCGbeta were increased in 27% of the RCC patients and patients with increased hCGbeta levels had significantly shorter survival time than those with levels below the median (cut-off 1.2 pmol l(-1), p = 0.0044). HCGbeta antigen was detected in 15% (35 of 229) of the tumors by immunohistochemistry, and hCGbeta mRNA in 8 of 20 samples (40%) by RT-PCR. Tissue positivity for hCGbeta antigen was not associated significantly with mRNA expression, serum concentrations of hCGbeta or survival. In multivariate analysis tumor stage, grade, size and serum hCGbeta were independent prognostic variables. The serum concentration of hCGbeta is an independent prognostic variable in RCC. Tissue expression of hCGbeta detected by immunohistochemistry occurs in 15% of RCCs but it is not significantly associated with prognosis. Expression at the mRNA level seems to be associated with other predictors of adverse outcome.
Undergraduate Park and Recreation Education: Strategies for Recruitment and Retention in the 1990s (1993)

The successful recruitment and retention of undergraduate majors is essential to the well-being of the park and recreation profession. Recruitment strategies for the 1990s need to place a greater emphasis on the promotion of careers in the park and recreation field at the high school level, faculty involvement in on-campus advisement programs for undecided/undeclared majors, increased public awareness of park and recreation employment opportunities, and the establishment of generic leisure education classes within the undergraduate liberal arts core curriculum. Retention strategies should focus on better undergraduate student advisement, with an increased emphasis on “listening to “ and not just “lecturing to” park and recreation majors.
Nanopositioning of colloidal nanocrystal emitters by means of photolithography and e‐beam lithography (2006)

Abstract We propose a new technique for the localization of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) by directly exposing a polymer/NCs blend to a lithographic process. Our approach relies on the dispersion of CdSe/ZnS core/shell NCs into a layer of photo‐ or electro‐sensitive resist, which is subsequently patterned by means of photolithography or electron beam lithography (EBL), respectively. We have characterized the behaviour of both positive (polymethil‐methacrylate, PMMA) and negative (SU‐8 epoxy resin) resists as polymeric hosts for colloidal nanoemitters. The morphological and optical analysis of the processed samples showed the successful localization of the colloidal NCs. This technique enables the fabrication of two or three dimensional active photonic crystals devices or distributed feed‐back lasers based on colloidal nanocrystal emitters with sub‐micron resolution, without recurring to etching processes. Moreover, by decreasing the concentration of nanocrystals in the blend and by isolating very small regions of the layer, realization of single NC/photon emitters can be enabled. As a further advantage, the possibility to re‐align subsequent lithographic steps enables the localization of different colloidal nanoemitters with micron‐ and nanometer resolution, thus merging red, green and blue emission on the same substrate. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Silica-based nanocomposites via reverse microemulsions: classifications, preparations, and applications (2014)

Silica-based nanocomposites with amorphous silica as the matrix or carrier along with a functional component have been extensively investigated. These nanocomposites combine the advantages of both silica and the functional components, demonstrating great potential for various applications. To synthesize such composites, one of the most frequently used methods is reverse microemulsion due to its convenient control over the size, shape, and structures. The structures of the composites have a decisive significance for their properties and applications. In this review, we tried to categorize the silica-based nanocomposites via reverse microemulsions based on their structures, discussed the syntheses individually for each structure, summarized their applications, and made some perspectives based on the current progress of this field.
Catalysis by Gold: Isolated Surface Au<sup>3+</sup> Ions are Active Sites for Selective Hydrogenation of 1,3‐Butadiene over Au/ZrO<sub>2</sub> Catalysts (2005)

A small number of isolated Au3+ ions (0.02 Au3+/nm2) heterogenized on a zirconia surface from a cheap inorganic source (HAuCl4) is able to grant high catalytic activity for the selective hydrogenation of 1,3-butadiene (see picture). The catalytic turnover and mass activity rates of the Au3+ ions are respectively one and two orders of magnitude higher than those of metallic gold nanoparticles. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2005/z502101_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
CTGF/Hcs24, hypertrophic chondrocyte‐specific gene product, interacts with perlecan in regulating the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes (2003)

Connective tissue growth factor/hypertrophic chondrocyte-specific gene product 24 (CTGF/Hcs24) plays important roles in the control of the proliferation and differentiation of chondrocytes in vitro. To clarify the mechanisms of regulation by CTGF/Hcs24 with respect to cartilage metabolism, we investigated the interaction between CTGF/Hcs24 and heparan sulfate proteoglycan perlecan. An immunofluorescence study showed that CTGF/Hcs24 was colocalized with heparan sulfate and perlecan in human chondrosarcoma-derived chondrocytic cell line HCS-2/8 in vitro. Northern blot analysis showed that perlecan, syndecan-1, -2, and -4 transcripts were detected in HCS-2/8 cells. Particularly, expression of the perlecan gene increased markedly in HCS-2/8 cells by recombinant CTGF/Hcs24 (rCTGF/Hcs24) treatment. We also found that CTGF/Hcs24 interacted with perlecan from HCS-2/8 cells in vitro. Furthermore, CTGF/Hcs24-stimulated gene expression of the aggrecan gene, as well as DNA/proteoglycan synthesis, was diminished when HCS-2/8 cells were pretreated with heparinase, indicating that the effects of CTGF/Hcs24 on chondrocytes occurred through the interaction between CTGF/Hcs24 and heparan sulfate on the cells. An in vivo study using mouse growth plate revealed that CTGF/Hcs24 produced by hypertrophic chondrocytes was localized from the proliferative to the hypertrophic zone, whereas perlecan was predominantly localized in the prehyphertrophic zone. Consistent with such findings in vivo, the binding of (125)I-rCTGF/Hcs24 to maturing chondrocytes was at higher levels than that to chondrocytes in hypertrophic stages. These findings suggest that CTGF/Hcs24 produced in the hypertrophic region may act on chondrocytes in the proliferative and maturative zone via some heparan sulfate proteoglycan, such as perlecan.
Shape optimization of arch dams by metaheuristics and neural networks for frequency constraints (2011)

The main aim of this paper is to propose an efficient soft computing based methodology to achieve optimal shape design of arch dams subjected to natural frequency constraints. Genetic Algorithm (GA) and Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) as two popular metaheuristics are employed to perform optimization task. As in the present paper fluid–structure interaction is considered, computing the natural frequencies by Finite Element Analysis (FEA) during the optimization process is time consuming. In order to reduce the computational burden, Back Propagation (BP) and Radial Basis Function (RBF) neural networks are used to predict the arch dam natural frequencies. The numerical results show that PSO incorporating BP provides the best results.
Screening of Drug-Transporter Interactions in a 3D Microfluidic Renal Proximal Tubule on a Chip (2018)

Drug-transporter interactions could impact renal drug clearance and should ideally be detected in early stages of drug development to avoid toxicity-related withdrawals in later stages. This requires reliable and robust assays for which current high-throughput screenings have, however, poor predictability. Kidney-on-a-chip platforms have the potential to improve predictability, but often lack compatibility with high-content detection platforms. Here, we combined conditionally immortalized proximal tubule epithelial cells overexpressing organic anion transporter 1 (ciPTEC-OAT1) with the microfluidic titer plate OrganoPlate to develop a screenings assay for renal drug-transporter interactions. In this platform, apical localization of F-actin and intracellular tight-junction protein zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) indicated appropriate cell polarization. Gene expression levels of the drug transporters organic anion transporter 1 (OAT1; SLC22A6), organic cation transporter 2 (OCT2; SLC22A2), P-glycoprotein (P-gp; ABCB1), and multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 and 4 (MRP2/4; ABCC2/4) were similar levels to 2D static cultures. Functionality of the efflux transporters P-gp and MRP2/4 was studied as proof-of-concept for 3D assays using calcein-AM and 5-chloromethylfluorescein-diacetate (CMFDA), respectively. Confocal imaging demonstrated a 4.4 ± 0.2-fold increase in calcein accumulation upon P-gp inhibition using PSC833. For MRP2/4, a 3.0 ± 0.2-fold increased accumulation of glutathione-methylfluorescein (GS-MF) was observed upon inhibition with a combination of PSC833, MK571, and KO143. Semi-quantitative image processing methods for P-gp and MRP2/4 was demonstrated with corresponding Z'-factors of 0.1 ± 0.3 and 0.4 ± 0.1, respectively. In conclusion, we demonstrate a 3D microfluidic PTEC model valuable for screening of drug-transporter interactions that further allows multiplexing of endpoint read-outs for drug-transporter interactions and toxicity.
SHIP limits immunoregulatory capacity in the T-cell compartment (2009)

Regulatory T cells (T(regs)) play a pivotal role in preventing autoimmunity, graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), and organ graft rejection. We previously showed that either germline or induced SH2 domain-containing inositol 5-phosphatase (SHIP) deficiency in the host abrogates GVHD. Here we show that SHIP deficiency promotes an increase of CD4(+)CD25(+)FoxP3(+) T(regs) and CD4(+)CD25(-)FoxP3(+)"naive" T cells in the periphery that display increased CD103, glucocorticoid-induced tumor necrosis factor receptor-related protein (GITR), OX40, and FcgammaRII/III expression. SHIP deficiency does not compromise T(reg) function because SHIP-deficient CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T(regs) are as suppressive as wild-type (WT) CD3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T(reg). Interestingly, like conventional T(regs), SHIP(-/-) CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells are unresponsive to major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-mismatched stimulators and suppress allogeneic responses by T cells in vitro. In addition, SHIP(-/-) CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells mediate reduced lethal GVHD on adoptive transfer to MHC-mismatched hosts. Furthermore, hosts with induced SHIP deficiency exhibit delayed rejection of MHC-mismatched cardiac grafts. Thus, SHIP is required for robust graft-versus-host and host-versus-graft responses by CD4(+) T cell and limits their immunoregulatory capacity. These findings further define the immunosuppressive mechanisms that result from SHIP deficiency and provide additional justification for targeting SHIP in clinical transplantation.