gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trojan Detection and Side-channel Analyses for Cyber-security in Cyber-physical Manufacturing Systems (2015)

As the maliciousness and frequency of cyber-attacks continues to grow, the safety and security of cyber-physical critical infrastructures, such as manufacturing, is quickly becoming a significant concern across the globe. Outside of traditional intellectual property theft, attacks against manufacturing systems pose a threat to maintaining a product's design intent. More specifically, such attacks can alter a manufacturing system to produce a part incorrectly; resulting in impaired functionalities or reduced performance. Manufacturing systems rely heavily upon the use of quality control systems to detect quality losses and to ensure the continued production of high-quality parts. However, quality control systems are not designed to detect the effects of malicious attacks and are ill-suited to act as a cyber-security measure for many manufacturing systems. Therefore, this paper presents a novel product/process design approach to enable real-time attack detections to supplement the shortcomings of quality control systems. The proposed approach, inspired by side-channel schemes used to detect Trojans (foreign malicious logic) in integrated circuits, aims at detecting changes to a manufactured part's intrinsic behavior through the use of structural health monitoring techniques.
Effect of dietary glycomacropeptide and cholesterol on cortical ganglioside- and glycoprotein-bound N-acetylneuraminic acid in young rats (2009)

Background: Sialic acid and cholesterol are present in human milk and accumulate\nrapidly in the brain during development. Infant formulas contain little sialic acid or\ncholesterol. Sialic acid and cholesterol supplementation increase cortical ganglioside\nand glycoprotein sialic acid and cholesterol in animal models, respectively. Doseresponse\nstudies and those varying both sialic acid and cholesterol intake are lacking.\nObjective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of bovine casein\nglycomacropeptide (CGMP) and dietary cholesterol on cortical ganglioside- and\nglycoprotein-bound sialic acid accumulation in young rats.\nDesign/Methods: Dams were fed a nutritionally complete rat diet with 0 or 0.5%\ncholesterol by weight throughout pregnancy and lactation. Litters were culled to 8\npups on postnatal day (P) 1. Coagulated milk was removed from the stomach of P1\npups and the cholesterol concentration determined. After weaning, two pups from\neach litter were allocated to one of four diets varying in CGMP (provided\napproximately 0, 20, 40 and 80 mg sialic acid/kg d-1) and the same cholesterol\nconcentration as their dams. In the first experiment, the dams’ litters were weaned on\nP17 to the sialic acid-supplemented diets and sacrificed on P32. In the second\nexperiment, litters were weaned on P21 to the diet of their dams. Pups consumed the\ndams’ diets until P24 or P33 and their assigned sialic acid-supplemented diets\nthereafter. The pups were sacrificed between P38 and P47, 14 days after the initiation\nof the sialic acid-supplemented diets. On the day of sacrifice, pups were decapitated\nand their brains immediately frozen on dry ice. Gangliosides and glycoproteins were extracted from the cortex and the sialic acid concentration determined.\nResults: Maternal cholesterol intake increased total milk cholesterol (p = 0.0009). In\npups sacrificed on P32, CGMP increased cortical ganglioside sialic acid in a doseresponse\nmanner (p for trend = 0.007). In the same experiment, dietary cholesterol\nindependently increased ganglioside sialic acid (p = 0.02). In pups sacrificed between\nP38 and P47, cholesterol intake increased glycoprotein sialic acid (p = 0.030).\nConclusions: Increased sialic acid and cholesterol consumption during the first 4\nweeks of postnatal brain growth influenced brain composition in rats.
Nuclear analogs of β-lactam antibiotics. X. Synthesis of 2-substituted desthiocephalosporins (1979)

The syntheses of the desthiocephem system from the enol 2 is described. Thus conversion of 2 to its triflate 3 followed by treatment with the sodium salts of malonate esters gave the cyclized products 4a–c. Azide reduction followed by coupling of phenoxyacetic acid and hydrogenolysis gave the acids 7 and 8. Compound 15 was also prepared.
Antihypertensive medications for risk reduction of first and recurrent ischemic stroke (2004)

It is increasingly clear that even a small reduction in blood pressure results in a substantial risk reduction of vascular events including ischemic stroke. Recently, several comparative prospective trials of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers have demonstrated that, for equivalent reductions in blood pressure, these drugs may confer a greater effect on the prevention of primary and recurrent ischemic stroke compared with other antihypertensive medications. Given this information from prospective randomized trials, it appears that this class of drugs should be the first-line treatment for hypertension in patients at risk of a first or recurrent ischemic stroke. This review will critically assess the scientific basis and rationale of the use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin-receptor blockers in primary and secondary stroke prevention.
Structural design, fabrication and construction of the Armadillo vault (2018)

The Armadillo vault, exhibited at the 2016 Venice Architecture Biennale and commended at the 2017 Structural Awards, is a doubly curved, unreinforced, cut-stone, compression-only vault, constructed from 399 limestone blocks. The thickness of the stone varies from 8–12cm at the supports to 5cm at the peak. With a height of 4.4m and spans of over 15m, the structure has a thickness-to-span ratio half that of an eggshell. This paper describes the form-finding process and detailed structural analysis. Steel supports were designed to take the reaction thrusts of the vault and transfer them safely to both the ground and the internal steel tie system. The stone-cutting process for the limestone is also outlined, describing the rough-finished inner surface, which was patterned to follow lines of internal force flow, and the smooth flat outer surface. Finally, the process of erecting the formwork and falsework on site is also set out, including the process of decentring and the use of custom keystones.
복지국가 유형론에 대한 여성주의적 비판과 한국의 복지국가 성격 논의에 대한 함의 (2002)

최근 사회복지학계에서는 Esping-Andersen의 복지국가유형론에 근거한 복지국가 성격논의가 활발히 이루어지고 있다. 그러나 Esping-Andersen의 복지국가유형이 한국의 복지국가 성격규명을 위한 적절한 기준이 되는가에 대한 논란도 있고, 특히 가족기능의 변화, 여성의 사회참여 등과 관련한 새로운 문제상황에 대한 고려가 부족하다는 지적도 있다. 서구 여성주의자들도 Esping-Andersen의 복지국가유형론 발표 이후 복지국가의 성격 규명을 시도해 왔다. 이들은 Esping- Andersen이 제기한 기준-탈상품화, 계층화, 국가와 시장과의 관계-이 성(gender)을 고려하지 못함으로써 여성의 삶을 반영하고 있지 못하고 있다고 보았다. 이는 복지국가의 가부장적 속성에 대한 문제제기의 연속선상에 있는 것으로 볼 수 있는데, Esping-Andersen의 복지국가유형론은 가시화된 제도적 특성을 가장 본질적으로 설명하는 기준에 근거해 유형화를 시도한 반면, 여성주의자들은 이러한 현상이 내재하고 있는 특성 즉 성별분업, 성중립적이지 않은 시민권 등의 가부장적 복지국가 속성에서 문제를 제기하고 있다.
Bridging electromagnetic and carrier transport calculations for three-dimensional modelling of plasmonic solar cells (2011)

We report three-dimensional modelling of plasmonic solar cells in which electromagnetic simulation is directly linked to carrier transport calculations. To date, descriptions of plasmonic solar cells have only involved electromagnetic modelling without realistic assumptions about carrier transport, and we found that this leads to considerable discrepancies in behaviour particularly for devices based on materials with low carrier mobility. Enhanced light absorption and improved electronic response arising from plasmonic nanoparticle arrays on the solar cell surface are observed, in good agreement with previous experiments. The complete three-dimensional modelling provides a means to design plasmonic solar cells accurately with a thorough understanding of the plasmonic interaction with a photovoltaic device.
Microelectrode measurement of ammonium profiles in freshwater sediments (1991)

Ammonium microprofiles in two dominant types of lake sediment were measured using ion-selective microelectrodes. These profiles enabled establishment of local fluxes and convensions. Comparison of ammonium profiles obtained from the analysis of sediment slices with those measured with microelectrodes showed the superior spatial resolution of the latter method. Flux measurements with microelectrodes were confirmed by laboratory incubation experiments. In both sediments ammonium consumption was restricted to the oxic surface layer. In sandy sediments ammonium was only consumed, while in silty sediment both ammonium production and consumption were observed. In silty sediment ammonium production by anaerobic mineralization was not balanced by ammonium consumption in the oxic surface layer.
Digital rights description as part of digital rights management: a challenge for libraries (2008)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to answer the question of whether digital rights management (DRM) can be useful to libraries. Design/methodology/approach The paper provides a legal and technical description of DRM and its current and future opportunities. Findings The paper finds that digital rights management has possibilities that can be useful for libraries. But it is important that librarians become more active in the standardization and development of new ideas. Some examples are given. Originality/value The paper offers a realistic approach to DRM for libraries.
Supercontinuum generation by dual-pulse-pumping in photonic crystal fibers (2019)

We propose and numerically investigate a scheme of supercontinuum generation from photonic crystal fibers using dual-pulse-pumping at 1064nm. The pumping source is united by a femtosecond pulse and a picosecond pulse with the same peak power 3000W. Our simulation results indicate this pump way can make good use of fiber as long as the offset time is small enough. In the normal dispersion region, other nonlinear effects have broadened the spectra before four-wave mixing. Just shorter than 1m fiber will be required to extend spectrum from signal wavelength to idler wavelength in the case that no offset time existed.
The Early History of Arthroplasty of the Wrist (1994)

During the past 3 decades implant arthroplasty of the destroyed wrist has become a reliable and satisfying procedure. However, the first total wrist replacement was performed in Berlin as early as 1890. This paper describes the history of resection and interposition arthroplasty of the wrist leading to the first total wrist implant arthroplasty performed by Themistocles Gluck. An overview of recent designs is given, and the relevant historical cases are reported.
Recruitment Approaches for Family Studies: Attitudes of Index Patients and Their Relatives (2004)

Sara Chandros Hull, Karen Glanz, Alana Steffen, Benjamin S. Wilfond, Recruitment Approaches for Family Studies: Attitudes of Index Patients and Their Relatives, IRB: Ethics & Human Research, Vol. 26, No. 4 (Jul. - Aug., 2004), pp. 12-18
The use of base ballasting to prevent the collapse of current gain in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (1996)

We propose the use of base-ballasting resistance to guarantee absolute thermal stability in AlGaAs/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs). Base-ballasted HBTs are fabricated and the measured I-V, regression and S-factor characteristics are discussed. We present a numerical model which elucidates the reasons why the base-ballasting scheme is helpful to HBTs but is damaging to silicon bipolar transistors. We compare measured small-signal and large-signal performances of unballasted, emitter-ballasted, and base-ballasted HBTs.
The Chinese Remainder Theorem and its application in a high-speed RSA crypto chip (2002)

The performance of RSA hardware is primarily determined by an efficient implementation of the long-integer modular arithmetic and the ability to utilize the Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) for the private key operations. This paper presents the multiplier architecture of the RSA/spl gamma/ crypto-chip, a high-speed hardware accelerator for long-integer modular arithmetic. The RSA/spl gamma/ multiplier datapath is reconfigurable to execute either one 1024-bit modular exponentiation or two 512-bit modular exponentiations in parallel. Another significant characteristic of the multiplier core is its high degree of parallelism. The actual RSA/spl gamma/ prototype contains a 1056/spl times/16-bit word-serial multiplier which is optimized for modular multiplications according to P. Barret's (1987) modular reduction method. The multiplier core is dimensioned for a clock frequency of 200 MHz and requires 227 clock cycles for a single 1024-bit modular multiplication. Pipelining in the highly parallel long-integer unit allows one to achieve a decryption rate of 560 kbit/s for a 1024-bit exponent. In CRT-mode, the multiplier executes two 512-bit modular exponentiations in parallel, which increases the decryption rate by a factor of 3.5 to almost 2 Mbit/s.
Innovative offshore vertical-axis wind turbine rotor project. (2016)

Abstract not provided.
Scalable architecture for context-aware activity-detecting mobile recommendation systems (2008)

One of the main challenges in building multi-user mobile information systems for real-world deployment lies in the development of scalable systems. Recent work on scaling infrastructure for conventional web services using distributed approaches can be applied to the mobile space, but limitations inherent to mobile devices (computational power, battery life) and their communication infrastructure (availability and quality of network connectivity) challenge system designers to carefully design and optimize their software architectures. Additionally, notions of mobility and position in space, unique to mobile systems, provide interesting directions for the segmentation and scalability of mobile information systems. In this paper we describe the implementation of a mobile recommender system for leisure activities, codenamed Magitti, which was built for commercial deployment under stringent scalability requirements. We present concrete solutions addressing these scalability challenges, with the goal of informing the design of future mobile multi-user systems.
FAST IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL BIOMARKER DETECTION DEVICE FOR CANCER TISSUE SLICES (2010)

LCSL
Decreasing Airflow Velocity in Hard Disk Drives With a Spoiler and Bypass (2006)

Airflow changes in a hard disk drive (HDD) with a bypass and a spoiler were clarified by large eddy simulation (LES) and particle image velocimetry (PIV). These analyses show that the spoiler decreases the flow velocity near the arm by decreasing average flow velocity between the disks such as diverging the flow into the bypass channel, and by moving the high-speed-flow area toward the inner-radius area of the disks. The arm vibration is reduced with 30% by these effects
Control of Mitochondrial Remodeling by the ATPase Inhibitory Factor 1 Unveils a Pro-survival Relay via OPA1 (2017)

The ubiquitously expressed ATPase inhibitory factor 1 (IF<sub>1</sub>) is a mitochondrial protein that blocks the reversal of the F<sub>1</sub>F<sub>o</sub>-ATPsynthase, preventing dissipation of cellular ATP and ischemic damage. IF<sub>1</sub> suppresses programmed cell death, enhancing tumor invasion and chemoresistance, and is expressed in various types of human cancers. In this study, we examined its effect on mitochondrial redox balance and apoptotic cristae remodeling, finding that, by maintaining ATP levels, IF<sub>1</sub> reduces glutathione (GSH) consumption and inactivation of peroxiredoxin 3 (Prx3) during apoptosis. This correlates with inhibition of metallopeptidase OMA1-mediated processing of the pro-fusion dynamin-related protein optic atrophy 1 (OPA1). Stabilization of OPA1 impedes cristae remodeling and completion of apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that IF<sub>1</sub> acts on both mitochondrial bioenergetics and structure, is involved in mitochondrial signaling in tumor cells, and may underlie their proliferative capacity.
THE STEREOCHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF INTERSTITIAL COMPLEXES IN URANYL-OXYSALT MINERALS (2008)

The crystal structures and chemical compositions of uranyl-oxysalt minerals (primarily with sheet structural units) are interpreted in terms of the binary representation – bond-valence approach to the structure and chemistry of oxysalts. There is a coherent relation between the average basicity of the structural unit and [CN in ], the average number of bonds to oxygen atoms of the structural unit from the interstitial complex and adjacent structural units. This relation allows calculation of the range of Lewis basicity for specific structural units. The Lewis acidity of an interstitial complex is expressed graphically as a function of the amounts and coordination numbers of monovalent, divalent and trivalent interstitial cations and the amount of interstitial transformer (H 2 O) groups. The range in Lewis basicity for a specific structural unit may also be expressed graphically, and where there is overlap of the Lewis acidity and Lewis basicity, the valence-matching principle is satisfied, and the details of the possible interstitial complexes can be derived. There are three distinct types of interstitial (H 2 O) groups: transformer, non-transformer and inverse-transformer. Inverse-transformer (H 2 O) groups accept three bonds from cations, other (H 2 O) groups and (OH) groups of the structural unit. Their occurrence is rare and is limited to minerals with low bond-valence distribution factors. Detailed predictions of the number of transformer, non-transformer and inverse-transformer (H 2 O) groups in the minerals of the meta-autunite, uranophane, phosphuranylite, carnotite, zippeite and uranyl-hydroxy-hydrate groups (and synthetic analogues) are in good agreement with the observed chemical compositions.
Carboplatin and oxaliplatin in sequenced combination with bortezomib in ovarian tumour models (2013)

The results suggest that the prevention of CTR1 degradation by bortezomib may be playing a major role in increasing the cellular uptake of platinum drugs and platinum-DNA binding level. Furthermore, the generation of oxidative stress appears to be a major contributor to the enhanced cell kill.
The crystallization and formation of cluster of ethylene ionomer during physical aging (1987)

Abstract The effect of the physical aging of ethylene ionomers was studied for the samples with the acid content of 5.4 mol%, and the degree of neutralization, 0%, 60% Na, 60% Zn, and 90% Zn. The information about the crystal and the cluster part of the physically aged ionomers was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry and by dynamic viscoelastic measurements, respectively. The degree of crystallinity and the dynamic modulus for the ionomers of the degree of neutralization 0%, 60% Na and 60% Zn increased gradually with the aging time; on the other hand, the crystallinity of 90% Zn remained constant and the modulus at 100°C increased to a certain value up to a period of 100 h, but thereafter the crystallinity increased remarkably and the modulus remained. These facts indicate that the crystallization of neutralized ethylene ionomer starts after clustering and the clustering would finish at early stage of the physical aging for intermediately neutralized ethylene ionomer. The physical aging effect of the ethylene ionomers was, thus, found to be important to material design.
Arterial smooth muscle Determinants of mechanical performance (1982)

The mechanical performance of arterial smooth muscle can be represented in terms of two measures: force development at constant muscle length and shortening at constant transmural pressure. In general, changes in the contractility of arterial smooth muscle are manifest as parallel changes in both measures of performance. In some instances, however, an apparent uncoupling exists in these two measures. This indicates that they are influenced by two different sets of factors. The mechanical properties of passive wall elements functionally connected in series with the contractile apparatus (series elasticity) is one factor influencing the relation between force development and shortening. The relative wall thickness of arteries also can influence these factors by controlling the effectiveness of outer medial layer in changing lumen dimensions. Collagen also is involved in this process in some manner as treatment of arteries with purified collagenase results in a progressive, linear reduction in active force development. Correlation of mechanical performance with contractile protein content of arteries has identified two important regulatory factors. Force development by arteries from different anatomical sites can be related to the myosin content of the sites. Changes in force development at a given site can be related to a change in the ratio of actin-to-myosin content at that site (as occurs in hypertension). Thus, the potential exists for numerous factors to contribute to the determination of mechanical performance of arterial smooth muscle.
The Medical and Surgical Treatment of Glaucoma (2009)

The goal of glaucoma treatment is to protect the patient from blindness and visual impairment while keeping the treatment-related decline in quality of life to a minimum. Any type of glaucoma treatment, be it medical or surgical, must further this aim in consideration of the situation of the individual patient.
Electrochemical Lithium Intercalation within Carbonaceous Materials: Intercalation Processes, Surface Film Formation, and Lithium Diffusion (1998)

Abstract Electrochemical lithium intercalation within carbonaceous materials has attracted much attention for use to produce anodes in rechargeable lithium batteries. Although small-size rechargeable lithium cells using carbon anodes have been already commercialized, there still remain a lot of problems to be solved. Furthermore, recent global environmental issues require carbon anodes with high energy densities for use in electric energy storage and electric vehicles in the near future. This review article covers recent topics of the lithium intercalation, focusing on three fundamental aspects: intercalation processes, surface film formation, and lithium diffusion within carbons.
α2-Adrenergic Receptor Sensitivity in Depression (1988)

alpha 2-Adrenergic receptors play a major role in the regulation of the noradrenergic system. To assess the function of these receptors relative to possible abnormalities in noradrenergic function in depression, responses to the alpha 2-antagonist yohimbine hydrochloride were investigated in 45 depressed patients and 20 healthy control subjects. Plasma 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG), blood pressure (BP), pulse, subjective mood, and somatic symptoms were measured before and during yohimbine and placebo administration. The 25% increase in plasma MHPG levels produced by yohimbine did not differ between patients and controls. Mood responses also tended to be similar between groups, with patients reporting only minor improvement in depression following yohimbine. However, yohimbine caused significantly greater increases in somatic symptoms and tended to produce a greater increase in BP in patients than in controls. Evaluation of patient subgroups divided by the presence or absence of melancholia, psychosis, prominent anxiety, or personality disorder did not demonstrate consistent differences. In contrast, comparison of these findings with a prior study showed that patients with panic disorder and agoraphobia who received yohimbine manifested significantly greater increases in MHPG levels and ratings of anxiety, nervousness, and depression than depressed patients. These findings suggest that patients with major depression do not demonstrate marked abnormalities in alpha 2-adrenergic autoreceptor function.