gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Tests and Application Strategies of Spatial Indexes in the Embedded-GIS Data Management (2006)

Spatial indexes arranged by some sequence, are related to the positions, shapes of geographic entities and relations among them, which describe the outline info of object identifier (OID), minimum bounding rectangle (MBR) and pointers to storage location. Usually, the index situated between the spatial operating algorithms and the entities, enhances the efficiency of spatial operations by filtering and erasing irrelevant ones. Especially, for resource-constrained mobile terminals with embedded-GIS, it's necessary to establish proper index strategies to solve the problem of limited memories conflicting with enormous data and the requirement of real-time processing. The paper not only stated the design and realization of the Seq-list, KD-tree, quad-tree and R-tree indexes carried on embedded-GIS, but also applied these to Compaq iPAQ H3800 conducting massive careful tests. Based on analyzing and contrasting test results of memories occupied, time spent and power consumed, the paper appraised the validity of above indexes and proposed corresponding strategies for different embedded-GIS application environments
Transmission and Latency-Aware Load Balancing for Fog Radio Access Networks (2018)

Fog computing-based radio access networks (F-RANs) aim to extend the computing and storage facilities of the centralized cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) to the network edge. Compared with the centralized baseband unit pool in the C-RAN, F-RAN reduces the burden on fronthaul. Thus, the F-RAN is foreseen as a viable solution towards ultra-low latency service provisioning. However, due to limited computing and storage facilities in fog computing-enabled access points (F-APs), some tasks that cannot be executed on the primary F-APs are transferred to other F-APs. In worst-case, the tasks are sent to the resource-enriched centralized cloud for processing. The transmission latency between F-APs, F-AP-to-end- user, and fronthaul latency strongly depends on interference power from the undesired network element as well as end-users. At the same time, the computational latency increases with the queuing delay. In this paper, we propose a load balancing scheme to address the tradeoff between transmission and computing latencies in F- RANs. Finally, the extensive simulation results show that the proposed scheme outperforms the greedy approach to meet the critical requirements, such as low-latency and minimal task offloading to the cloud in the F-RAN for the low-latency communications.
Synthesis of new aryl substituted 5-alkylidene-2(5H)-furanones (2008)

The rapid emergence of bacterial resistance in recent years has demanded the development of new drugs and therapies with novel modes of action to supplement existing antibiotics. Brominated furanones or fimbrolides are a promising class of quorum sensing inhibitors that inhibit biofilm formation and the expression of virulence in in vitro and in vivo models. We report here an efficient synthesis of novel brominated 5-alkylidenefuran-2(5H)-ones, making use of -oxo-,-dibromoalkanoic acid 7 as the key intermediate. Brominated furanones were subjected to the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction to generate a library of novel aryl furanones. This methodology may be readily adapted to the synthesis of a wide variety of substituted furanones.
Quantitative In Vivo 31P Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of Alzheimer Disease (1996)

Alzheimer Disease & Associated Disorders is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal directed to an audience of clinicians and researchers, with primary emphasis on Alzheimer disease and associated disorders. The journal publishes original articles emphasizing research in humans including epidemiologic studies, clinical trials and experimental studies, studies of diagnosis and biomarkers, as well as research on the health of persons with dementia and their caregivers. The scientific portion of the journal is augmented by reviews of the current literature, concepts, conjectures, and hypotheses in dementia, brief reports, and letters to the editor.
Atom and Radical Recombination Reactions (1978)

Radical reactions are rarely reviewed as a separate field. They are either included in general surveys of reaction kinetics, or they are considered in dis­ cussions of the reverse dissociation processes. It is therefore attractive to present the subject from the less common recombination point of view instead of the normal unimolecular reaction side. The intimate relationship between the and the reverse dissociation processes, nevertheless, remains a most important fact. The present review considers the of atoms and the combination or association of atoms or poly atomic species with molecules in the gas phase. Many experimental examples have already been included either in earlier reviews in this series (1-4) or in other earlier reviews and compilations (e.g. 5-18). Various aspects of the theoretical analysis have been described for the cases of atom (19) and combination of poly atomic species in reviews of modern unimolecular rate theory ( 16, 17, 20). Since these references include fairly exhaustive collections of experimental data, only a few are cited in the following pages. Instead we intend to present characteristic experiments for the reactions under a wide variety of conditions and to compare these with theoretical models. Only for a qualitative orientation do we first consider the simple energy transfer mechanism with association, dissociation, and collisional energy transfer steps. Two species, A and B, associate and form highly excited unstable molecules AB* that then either redissociate or are collisionally stabilized in collisions with arbitrary particles M:
Differential cellular and molecular effects of bortezomib, a proteasome inhibitor, in human breast cancer cells (2006)

The cellular and molecular effects of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib on breast cancer cells are as yet poorly characterized. Here, in a panel of six breast cancer cell lines, bortezomib reduced viability in a concentration-dependent, time-dependent, and cell line-dependent manner. Proteasome activity was relatively high in two of the three more resistant cell lines. No relationship was observed between bortezomib effects on cell viability and expression/phosphorylation of HER-2, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), AKT, or extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Molecular effects of bortezomib were further studied in SK-BR-3 and BT-474 cells because they share expression of EGFR and overexpression of HER-2 while, in contrast, SK-BR-3 cells were 200-fold more sensitive to this agent. Proteasome activity was inhibited to a similar extent in the two cell lines, and known proteasome substrates accumulated similarly. In SK-BR-3 cells, a marked inhibition of EGFR, HER-2, and AKT phosphorylation was observed at a clinically relevant concentration of bortezomib. In contrast, phosphorylation of Raf/mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 1/2 (MEK 1/2)/ERK1/2 increased by bortezomib. In BT-474 cells, the effects were much less pronounced. Treatment of SK-BR-3 cells with bortezomib combined with pharmacologic inhibitors of EGFR, phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase, or MEK resulted in modest or no enhancement of the effects on cell viability. Collectively, these results show that bortezomib has differential cellular and molecular effects in human breast cancer cells. The bortezomib-observed effects on signaling transduction molecules might be relevant to help to design mechanistic-based combination treatments.
Studies on the Deterioration of Frying Oils in Automatic Test Fryer. II. (1968)

The influence of heating method to the deterioration of frying oils during deep fat frying was examined in the three automatic test fryers with different method of heating, indirect heating system with Kanechlor, direct heating system with gas burner and heating tube system with gas burner (Fig.-1, 2, 3, Table-1). As a result, the apparent rate of deterioration increased in the order of direct heating, indirect heating and heating tube system. However, in this examination, the frying conditions such as specific surface area exposed to air, quantity of water vaporized and fat turnover rate were not the same. The further examination was carried out under equalized condition of main factors which affecting to the rate of fat deterioration with the indirect heating system and the direct heating system (Table-2, Fig.-4, 5). In the case of small thermal load, the rate of fat deterioration was almostly the same for the both heating methods. This fact may indicate that if the condition of main factors are the same, the rate of fat deterioration is also the same, regardless of the method of heating. However, in the case of large thermal load, a considerable difference was observed between the both heating methods. In the case of indirect heating system, by increasing the thermal load the fat turnover rate became greater, resulting the fat deterioration smaller and good frying quality was maintained during deep fat frying. On the other hand, in the case of direct heating system, the increase of acid value was observed in the last stage of test, and colour development and lowering of fat stability to autoxidation resulted. This fact may indicate that in the case of direct heating system, by the increase of thermal load, a remarkable over heating at the heating surface resulted thermalpolymerization and scission and thus the acids from scission induced the subsequent hydrolysis of fat. Accordingly, when the method of heating in a fryer is not proper and the temperature of heating surface rises over the temperature at which the scission of fat occurs, good frying quality will not be maintained during deep fat frying, resulting the deterioration by thermal decomposition, even if other factors are kept in good conditions.
Ionothermal Synthesis of Sodium-Based Fluorophosphate Cathode Materials (2009)

Owing to cost and abundance considerations, Na-based electrode materials are regaining interest, especially those that can be prepared at low temperatures. Here, we report the low temperature synthesis of highly divided Na-based fluorophosphates (, M = Fe, Mn, or mixtures) in ionic liquid media. We show that this ionothermal approach enables the synthesis of these phases at temperatures as low as 270°C, while temperatures as high as 600°C are needed to obtain similar quality phases by solid-state reactions. Moreover, owing to their highly divided character, powders made via such a process show better electrochemical performances vs either Li or Na than their ceramic counterparts. In contrast, regardless of how they were made, the powders, which crystallize in a three-dimensional (3D) tunnel structure rather than in the two-dimensional (2D)-layered structure of , were poorly electroactive. Substituting 0.25 Fe for Mn in is sufficient to trigger a 2D–3D structural transition and leads to a rapid decay of the materials electrochemical performances. A tentative explanation, based on structural considerations to account for such behavior, is given in this paper.
Resistance to and killing by the sporicidal microbicide peracetic acid (2014)

PAA treatment targets the spore membrane, with some of its activity directed specifically against the GerB and GerK germination receptors.
Effect of Source and Condition of Animal Excrement on Attractiveness to Adults ofCeratitis capitata(Diptera: Tephritidae) (1993)

Journal Article Effect of Source and Condition of Animal Excrement on Attractiveness to Adults of Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Get access Ronald J. Prokopy, Ronald J. Prokopy Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Chiou Ling Hsu, Chiou Ling Hsu 1 Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 1 Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Laboratory, USDA–ARS, Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Roger I. Vargas Roger I. Vargas 1 Department of Entomology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003 1 Tropical Fruit and Vegetable Laboratory, USDA–ARS, Box 2280, Honolulu, HI 96804. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Environmental Entomology, Volume 22, Issue 2, 1 April 1993, Pages 453–458, https://doi.org/10.1093/ee/22.2.453 Published: 01 April 1993 Article history Received: 02 June 1992 Accepted: 10 November 1992 Published: 01 April 1993
Serotonin Injections Induce Metamorphosis in Larvae of the Gastropod Mollusc <i>Ilyanassa obsoleta</i> (1996)

Bath-applied serotonin (5-HT) induces competent larvae of the marine snail Ilyanassa obsoleta to metamorphose. Previously, the mode of action of 5-HT, whether as an external ligand or as an internal neurotransmitter, was unknown. Larvae were injected with 10-4 M 5-HT and other pharmacological agents to provide evidence that serotonergic neurons are necessary for metamorphosis in Ilyanassa larvae and that serotonin functions as a neurotransmitter or neuromodulator during this process. About 50% of 5-HT-injected animals metamorphose within 48 hours. Fluoxetine, a 5-HT reuptake inhibitor, and alpha-methyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (αm5HT), a 5-HT agonist, were also effective inducers of metamorphosis. Gramine (3-[dimethylaminomethyl]indole), a 5-HT antagonist, inhibited the inductive activity of 5-HT, while the amino acid gammaaminobutyric acid (GABA) resulted in rates of morphological restructuring similar to those of controls. Collectively, the results of our experiments support the idea that serotonergic neurons are active during larval metamorphosis of Ilyanassa and that 5-HT does not induce metamorphosis by binding to epidermal chemoreceptors.
The X-Ray Storage Properties of the Infra-Red Storage Phosphor and Application to Radiography (1947)

An application of the characteristics of infra-red storage phosphors to radiography is described, whereby the expense and trouble of x-ray film processing may be partially or completely eliminated. The properties of these materials to store x-ray energy for periods of time and release that energy upon exposure to infra-red radiation have proved practical for either temporary and permanent recording of the latent x-ray image. One distinct feature of this method is the complete removal of harmful x-radiation to the technician. The possibility of a new field of radiography in ``flash fluoroscopy'' is also suggested by the authors. Graphs and charts exhibiting the characteristic behavior of infra-red phosphors to x-ray energy are included as well as actual photographs and radiographs comparing radiography with phosphorography.
Recognition by restriction endonuclease <i>Eco</i>RI of deoxyoctanucleotides containing modified sugar moieties (1984)

The deoxyribooctanucleotide d(G-G-A-A-T-T-C-C), containing the recognition sequence for EcoRI, d(G-A-A-T-T-C), and analogs containing modified sugar moieties were tested for their activity in cleavage with EcoRI. These analogs, with replacement in the third position from the 5' end, were synthesized using 9-beta-D-arabinosyladenine (aA), 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroadenosine (Afl) and adenosine (rA). Duplex formation by the three analogs was confirmed by measurements of ultraviolet/temperature profiles. It was found that EcoRI cleaved these duplexes less efficiently than d(G-G-A-A-T-T-C-C). The adenosine-containing analog d(G-G)-rA-d(A-T-T-C-C) was cleaved much more slowly than d(G-G)-aA-d(A-T-T-C-C) and d(G-G-Afl-A-T-T-C-C). The corresponding ribooctamer G-G-A-A-U-U-C-C showed a higher melting temperature than the deoxyoctamers but its duplex was not cleaved by this enzyme. An analog with 2'-deoxy-2'-fluoroguanosine at the second position was cleaved by the endonuclease faster than the natural deoxyoctamer.
The genetics of feeding in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1993)

The pharynx of Caenorhabditis elegans is a nearly self-contained neuromuscular organ responsible for feeding. To identify genes involved in the development or function of the excitable cells of the pharynx, I screened for worms with visible defects in pharyngeal feeding behavior. Fifty-two mutations identified 35 genes, at least 22 previously unknown. The genes broke down into three broad classes: 2 pha genes, mutations in which caused defects in the shape of the pharynx, 7 phm genes, mutations in which caused defects in the contractile structures of the pharyngeal muscle, and 26 eat genes, mutants in which had abnormal pharyngeal muscle motions, but had normally shaped and normally birefringent pharynxes capable of vigorous contraction. Although the Eat phenotypes were diverse, most resembled those caused by defects in the pharyngeal nervous system. For some of the eat genes there is direct evidence from previous genetic mosaic and pharmacological studies that they do in fact affect nervous system. In eat-5 mutants the motions of the different parts of the pharynx were poorly synchronized. eat-6 and eat-12 mutants failed to relax their pharyngeal muscles properly. These pharyngeal motion defects are most easily explained as resulting from abnormal electrical excitability of the pharyngeal muscle membrane.
Delay compensation: its effect in reducing sampling errors in Fourier spectroscopy (1979)

An approximate formula is derived for the spectrum ghosts caused by periodic drive speed variations in a Michelson interferometer. The solution represents the case of fringe-controlled sampling and is applicable when the reference fringes are delayed to compensate for the delay introduced by the electrical filter in the signal channel. Numerical results are worked out for several common low-pass filters. It is shown that the maximum relative ghost amplitude over the range of frequencies corresponding to the lower half of the filter band is typically 20 times smaller than the relative zero-to-peak velocity error, when delayed sampling is used. In the lowest quarter of the filter band it is more than 100 times smaller than the relative velocity error. These values are ten and forty times smaller, respectively, than they would be without delay compensation if the filter is a 6-pole Butterworth.
Unsaturated Fatty Acid Regulation of Peroxisome Proliferator-activated Receptor α Activity in Rat Primary Hepatoctes (2003)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs alpha, beta, gamma1, and gamma2) are widely regarded as monitors of intracellular nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels. As such, fatty acid binding to PPAR leads to changes in the transcription of many genes involved in lipid metabolism and storage. Although the composition of the intracellular NEFA pool is likely an important factor controlling PPAR activity, little information is available on factors affecting its composition. Accordingly, we have examined the effects of exogenous fatty acids on PPARalpha activity and NEFA pool composition in rat primary hepatocytes. Prior to the addition of fatty acids to primary hepatocytes, nonesterified unsaturated fatty acid levels are very low, representing </=0.5% of the total fatty acid in the cell. The relative abundance of putative PPARalpha ligands in the NEFA pool is 20:4n-6 = 18:2n-6 = 18:1n-9 > 22:6n-3 > 18:3n-3/6 = 20:5n-3. Of these fatty acids, only 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3 consistently induced PPARalpha activity. Metabolic labeling of primary hepatocytes indicated that both 14C-18:1n-9 and 14C-20:5n-3 are rapidly assimilated into neutral and polar lipids. Although the addition of 18:1n-9 had no effect on NEFA pool composition, 20:5n-3 mass increased >15-fold within 90 min. Changes in NEFA pool 20:5n-3 mass correlated with dynamic changes in the PPARalpha-regulated transcript mRNACYP4A. Metabolic labeling also indicated that a significant fraction of 14C-20:5n-3 was elongated to 22:5n-3. Cells treated with 22:5n-3 or 22:6n-3 led to a significant accumulation of 20:5n-3 in the NEFA pool through a process that requires peroxisomal beta-oxidation and fatty acyl CoA thioesterase activity. Further analyses suggest that 20:5n-3 and 22:6n-3, but not 22:5n-3, are active ligands for PPARalpha. These studies suggest that basal fatty acid levels in the NEFA pool coupled with rates of fatty acid esterification, elongation, desaturation, peroxisomal beta-oxidation, and fatty acyl thioestease activity are important determinants controlling NEFA pool composition and PPARalpha activity.
Taking the LEAP with the Oculus HMD and CAD - Plucking at thin Air? (2015)

Achieving adequate visualisation of designs within CAD packages remains a challenge for designers with current methods of 3D CAD visualisation requiring either a high level of technical ability, or expensive hardware and software. The recent re-emergence of consumer VR has lowered the barrier for everyday developers wanting to visualise their designs in true 3D. This paper presents the CAD Interaction Lab (CIL) which employs the Oculus Rift Head Mounted Display (HMD) and Leap Motion Controller (LMC) to provide a low cost method enabling users to use their hands to dissect a mechanic model to manipulate and inspect individual components in realistic 3D. Qualitative observations of user interactions with the CIL show that users were able to intuitively manipulate the CAD model using natural hand movements with only minimal instruction.
The contribution of transforming growth factor-β and epidermal growth factor signalling to airway remodelling in chronic asthma (2005)

Asthma is increasing in prevalence in the developing world, affecting approximately 10% of the world's population. It is characterised by chronic lung inflammation and airway remodelling associated with wheezing, shortness of breath, acute bronchial hyperresponsiveness to a variety of innocuous stimuli and a more rapid decline in lung function over time. Airway remodelling, involving proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal cells, particularly myofibroblasts and smooth muscle cells, is generally refractory to corticosteroids and makes a major contribution to disease chronicity. Transforming growth factor-beta is a potent profibrogenic factor whose expression is increased in the asthmatic airways and is a prime candidate for the initiation and persistence of airway remodelling in asthma. This review highlights the role of transforming growth factor-beta in the asthmatic lung, incorporating biosynthesis, signalling pathways and functional outcome. In vivo, however, it is the balance between transforming growth factor-beta and other growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor, which will determine the extent of fibrosis in the airways. A fuller comprehension of the actions of transforming growth factor-beta, and its interaction with other signalling pathways, such as the epidermal growth factor receptor signalling cascade, may enable development of therapies that control airway remodelling where there is an unmet clinical need.
Differential CMOS edge-triggered flip-flop with clock-gating (2002)

A non-redundant transition clock chain is proposed and applied to differential edge-triggered flip-flops. PSPICE simulation shows that compared to a recently published design the proposed circuit can save power when the switching activity of the input signal is <0.65. Power reduction can be as high as 86% when the input is idle.
Sonic hedgehog promotes mouse inner ear progenitor cell proliferation and hair cell generation in vitro (2006)

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling is essential for auditory cell fate determination and inner ear dorsal/ventral patterning during development. Here, we show that Shh accelerates inner ear progenitor cell proliferation, and the inhibitor of Shh signaling cyclopamine reduces mitotic growth of otocyst cells in vitro. The number of hair cells in cultures of inner ear progenitor cells that were treated with Shh was significantly higher than that in control cultures. When Shh signaling was blocked with cyclopamine, hair cell generation was largely inhibited. Our results suggest that Shh may be a regulator of inner ear progenitor cell growth and hair cell generation.