gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The wide spectrum of clinical manifestations in Sjögren's syndrome-associated neuropathy (2005)

We assessed the clinicopathological features of 92 patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome-associated neuropathy (76 women, 16 men, 54.7 years, age at onset). The majority of patients (93%) were diagnosed with Sjögren's syndrome after neuropathic symptoms appeared. We classified these patients into seven forms of neuropathy: sensory ataxic neuropathy (n = 36), painful sensory neuropathy without sensory ataxia (n = 18), multiple mononeuropathy (n = 11), multiple cranial neuropathy (n = 5), trigeminal neuropathy (n = 15), autonomic neuropathy (n = 3) and radiculoneuropathy (n = 4), based on the predominant neuropathic symptoms. Acute or subacute onset was seen more frequently in multiple mononeuropathy and multiple cranial neuropathy, whereas chronic progression was predominant in other forms of neuropathy. Sensory symptoms without substantial motor involvement were seen predominantly in sensory ataxic, painful sensory, trigeminal and autonomic neuropathy, although the affected sensory modalities and distribution pattern varied. In contrast, motor weakness and muscle atrophy were observed in multiple mononeuropathy, multiple cranial neuropathy and radiculoneuropathy. Autonomic symptoms were often seen in all forms of neuropathy. Abnormal pupils and orthostatic hypotension were particularly frequent in sensory ataxic, painful, trigeminal and autonomic neuropathy. Unelicited somatosensory evoked potentials and spinal cord posterior column abnormalities in MRI were observed in sensory ataxic, painful and autonomic neuropathy. Sural nerve biopsy specimens (n = 55) revealed variable degrees of axon loss. Predominantly large fibre loss was observed in sensory ataxic neuropathy, whereas predominantly small fibre loss occurred in painful sensory neuropathy. Angiitis and perivascular cell invasion were seen most frequently in multiple mononeuropathy, followed by sensory ataxic neuropathy. The autopsy findings of one patient with sensory ataxic neuropathy showed severe large sensory neuron loss paralleling to dorsal root and posterior column involvement of the spinal cord, and severe sympathetic neuron loss. Degrees of neuron loss in the dorsal and sympathetic ganglion corresponded to segmental distribution of sensory and sweating impairment. Multifocal T-cell invasion was seen in the dorsal root and sympathetic ganglion, perineurial space and vessel walls in the nerve trunks. Differential therapeutic responses for corticosteroids and IVIg were seen among the neuropathic forms. These clinicopathological observations suggest that sensory ataxic, painful and perhaps trigeminal neuropathy are related to ganglioneuronopathic process, whereas multiple mononeuropathy and multiple cranial neuropathy would be more closely associated with vasculitic process.
The use of a laser Doppler velocimeter in supersonic flow (1971)

Results are presented for an experimental program which investigated the application of an LDV technique in supersonic flows. This paper presents an analysis of the behavior of light-scattering particles in rapidly accelerating or shock decelerated flows, an evaluation of particle production techniques and the results of several velocity measurements. Measurements included the velocity distribution along the nozzle centerline and flow over a diamond airfoil in a Mach 3 tunnel and velocity profiles for a turbulent boundary layer in a Mach 4.8 facility. It is demonstrated that LDV measurements can be made consistently with errors of less than five percent if the particle lag is considered. (Author).
Adenosine deaminase polymorphism in man (1968)

Summary A new and specific method for the study of adenosine deaminase isozymes is described. Examination of red‐cell lysates has revealed three genetically determined electrophoretically different ADA phenotypes: ADA 1, ADA 2–1 and ADA 2. Family studies indicate that these phenotypes are determined by two alleles, ADA 1 and ADA 2 at an autosomal locus. Preliminary population data suggest that ADA 2 has a frequency of about 0.06 in European, 0.04 in Negroes and 0.11 in Asiatic Indians. The behaviour of the ADA isozyme pattern on storage or after treatment with thiol reagents suggests the occurrence of reactive sulphydryl groups in the enzyme molecules.
A Trial of Intracranial-Pressure Monitoring in Traumatic Brain Injury (2012)

For patients with severe traumatic brain injury, care focused on maintaining monitored intracranial pressure at 20 mm Hg or less was not shown to be superior to care based on imaging and clinical examination. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and others; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01068522.).
Microtube Device for Selectin-Mediated Capture of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood (2012)

The device successfully isolates viable CTCs from both blood and buffy coat samples. The approximately 50% capture rate with purities >50% with the nanotube coating demonstrates the functionality of this device in a clinical setting and opens the door for personalized cancer therapies.
H<sub>2</sub><i>CHX</i>dedpa and H<sub>4</sub><i>CHX</i>octapa—Chiral Acyclic Chelating Ligands for <sup>67/68</sup>Ga and <sup>111</sup>In Radiopharmaceuticals (2015)

The chiral acyclic ligands H2CHXdedpa (N4O2), H2CHXdedpa-bb (N4O2), and H4CHXoctapa (N4O4) (CHX = cyclohexyl/cyclohexane, H2dedpa = 1,2-[[6-carboxy-pyridin-2-yl]-methylamino]ethane, bb = N,N'-dibenzylated, H4octapa = N,N'-bis(6-carboxy-2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine-N,N'-diacetic acid) were synthesized, complexed with Ga(III) and/or In(III), and evaluated for their potential as chelating agents in radiopharmaceutical applications. The ligands were compared to the previously studied hexadentate H2dedpa and octadentate H4octapa ligands to determine the effect adding a chiral 1R,2R-trans-cyclohexane to replace the ethylenediamine backbone would have on metal complex stability and radiolabeling kinetics. It was found that [Ga(CHXdedpa)](+) showed very similar properties to those of [Ga(dedpa)](+), with only one isomer in solution observed by NMR spectroscopy, and minimal structural changes in the solid-state X-ray structure. Like [Ga(dedpa)](+), [Ga(CHXdedpa)](+) exhibited exceptionally high thermodynamic stability constants (log KML = 28.11(8)), and the chelate retained the ability to label (67)Ga quantitatively in 10 min at room temperature at ligand concentrations of 1 × 10(-5) M. In vitro kinetic inertness assays demonstrated the [(67)Ga(CHXdedpa)](+) complex to be more stable than [(67)Ga(dedpa)](+) in a human serum competition, with 90.5% and 77.8% of (67)Ga remaining chelate-bound after 2 h, respectively. Preliminary coordination studies of H4CHXoctapa with In(III) demonstrated [In(CHXoctapa)](-) to have an equivalently high thermodynamically stable constant as [In(octapa)](-), with log KML values of 27.16(9) and 26.76(14), respectively. The [(111)In(CHXoctapa)](-) complex showed exceptionally high in vitro kinetic inertness over 120 h in human serum, comparing well with previously reported [(111)In(octapa)](-) values, and an improved stability compared to the current industry "gold standards" 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Initial investigations reveal that the chiral acyclic hexadentate H2CHXdedpa and octadentate H4CHXoctapa ligands are ideal candidates for radiopharmaceutical elaboration of gallium or indium isotopes, respectively.
Dense dislocation arrays embedded in grain boundaries for high-performance bulk thermoelectrics (2015)

The widespread use of thermoelectric technology is constrained by a relatively low conversion efficiency of the bulk alloys, which is evaluated in terms of a dimensionless figure of merit (zT). The zT of bulk alloys can be improved by reducing lattice thermal conductivity through grain boundary and point-defect scattering, which target low- and high-frequency phonons. Dense dislocation arrays formed at low-energy grain boundaries by liquid-phase compaction in Bi(0.5)Sb(1.5)Te3 (bismuth antimony telluride) effectively scatter midfrequency phonons, leading to a substantially lower lattice thermal conductivity. Full-spectrum phonon scattering with minimal charge-carrier scattering dramatically improved the zT to 1.86 ± 0.15 at 320 kelvin (K). Further, a thermoelectric cooler confirmed the performance with a maximum temperature difference of 81 K, which is much higher than current commercial Peltier cooling devices.
Locally Concentrated LiPF<sub>6</sub> in a Carbonate-Based Electrolyte with Fluoroethylene Carbonate as a Diluent for Anode-Free Lithium Metal Batteries (2019)

Currently, concentrated electrolyte solutions are attracting special attention because of their unique characteristics such as unusually improved oxidative stability on both the cathode and anode sides, the absence of free solvent, the presence of more anion content, and the improved availability of Li<sup>+</sup> ions. Most of the concentrated electrolytes reported are lithium bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (LiFSI) salt with ether-based solvents because of the high solubility of salts in ether-based solvents. However, their poor anti-oxidation capability hindered their application especially with high potential cathode materials (>4.0 V). In addition, the salt is very costly, so it is not feasible from the cost analysis point of view. Therefore, here we report a locally concentrated electrolyte, 2 M LiPF<sub>6</sub>, in ethylene carbonate/diethyl carbonate (1:1 v/v ratio) diluted with fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), which is stable within a wide potential range (2.5-4.5 V). It shows significant improvement in cycling stability of lithium with an average Coulombic efficiency (ACE) of ∼98% and small voltage hysteresis (∼30 mV) with a current density of 0.2 mA/cm<sup>2</sup> for over 1066 h in Li||Cu cells. Furthermore, we ascertained the compatibility of the electrolyte for anode-free Li-metal batteries (AFLMBs) using Cu||LiNi<sub>1/3</sub>Mn<sub>1/3</sub>Co<sub>1/3</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (NMC, ∼2 mA h/cm<sup>2</sup>) with a current density of 0.2 mA/cm<sup>2</sup>. It shows stable cyclic performance with ACE of 97.8 and 40% retention capacity at the 50th cycle, which is the best result reported for carbonate-based solvents with AFLMBs. However, the commercial carbonate-based electrolyte has <90% ACE and even cannot proceed more than 15 cycles with retention capacity >40%. The enhanced cycle life and well retained in capacity of the locally concentrated electrolyte is mainly because of the synergetic effect of FEC as the diluent to increase the ionic conductivity and form stable anion-derived solid electrolyte interphase. The locally concentrated electrolyte also shows high robustness to the effect of upper limit cutoff voltage.
Central places and modality environments: An historical architecture of urban places (2013)

Cities, city regions and their structures are products of the historical construction of ‘hegemonic’ (Taylor 1999) networks. These networks define and make available the spaces of geopolitical entities like regions, nations, cities and neighbourhoods. Historically specific technical infrastructures – airways, waterways, motorways, railways, metros, tramways, urban streets – are the reality of these networks, articulating places and mediating action at global, regional, national, urban and neighbourhood levels. And regions, cities and intracity places are where these ‘levels’ of networks intersect and multiple logics and processes are coordinated and synchronised between. We relate this structure to Jane Jacobs’ idea of ‘organised complexity’. We explore and start to define the architecture of these spaces and places with their limits and their inter-articulations to eventually turn these into a model in the computer. This paper introduces the concepts of ‘movement culture’ and ‘modality environment’ which are designed to describe the socio-technical complexes of movement networks, travel technologies and ways of life that characterise ‘levels’ in this model and discuss what ‘level’ and ‘scale’ mean here.
Non-covalent doping of graphitic carbon nitride polymer with graphene: controlled electronic structure and enhanced optoelectronic conversion (2011)

By union of graphitic carbon nitride polymer with reduced graphene oxide (rGO, ≤1 wt%) via π–π stacking interaction, the band structure of carbon nitride could be well modulated. As a result, a significant increase of photocurrent was observed (e.g., when biased at 0.4 V vs.Ag/AgCl, the anodic photocurrent became 300% higher after doping). Not merely interesting in itself, graphene was also used as a general dopant for semiconductors in band-structure engineering.
A Multi-Mode-Driven Molecular Shuttle:  Photochemically and Thermally Reactive Azobenzene Rotaxanes (2005)

The shuttling process of alpha-CyD in three rotaxanes (1-3) containing alpha-cyclodextrin (alpha-CyD) as a ring, azobenzene as a photoactive group, viologen as an energy barrier for slipping of the ring, and 2,4-dinitrobenzene as a stopper was investigated. The trans-cis photoisomerization of 1 by UV light irradiation occurred in both DMSO and water due to the movement of alpha-CyD toward the ethylene group, while the photoisomerization of 2 occurred in DMSO, but not in water. No photoisomerization was observed for 3 in both water and DMSO. The activation parameters of 1 and 1-ref in DMSO are subject to a compensation relation between deltaS(double dagger) and deltaH(double dagger); however, in water, the deltaS(double dagger) terms are not compensated by the deltaH(double dagger) terms. Alternating irradiation of the UV and visible lights resulted in a reversible change in the induced circular dichroism (ICD) bands of trans-1 and cis-1. In contrast, after the UV light irradiation, the ICD band of trans-2 decreased without the appearance of any bands of cis-2. The NMR spectra of 2 in DMSO showed coalescence of the split signals for the methylene and for the viologen protons due to the shuttling of alpha-CyD. Both the NOE differential spectra for cis-1 in water after UV light irradiation and 2 in DMSO after heating to 120 degrees C showed the negative NOE peaks assigned to interior protons of alpha-CyD, suggesting that alpha-CyD in cis-1 exists at the one ethylene moiety, and alpha-CyDs in cis-2 and 2 heated in DMSO exist at the propylene moieties.
Chemistry at Boron: Synthesis and Properties of Red to Near-IR Fluorescent Dyes Based on Boron-Substituted Diisoindolomethene Frameworks (2011)

A general method for the synthesis of difluorobora-diisoindolomethene dyes with phenyl, p-anisole, or ethyl-thiophene substituents has been developed. The nature of the substituents allows modulation of the fluorescence from 650 to 780 nm. Replacement of the fluoro ligands by ethynyl-aryl or ethyl residues is facile using Grignard reagents. Several X-ray molecular structures have been determined, allowing establishment of structure-fluorescence relationships. When the steric crowding around the boron center is severe, the aromatic substituents α to the diisoindolomethene nitrogens are twisted out of coplanarity, and hypsochromic shifts are observed in the absorption and emission spectra. This shift reached 91 nm with ethyl substituents compared to fluoro groups. When ethynyl linkers are used, the core remains flat, and a bathochromic shift is observed. All the fluorophores exhibit relatively high quantum yields for emitters in the 650-800 nm region. When perylene or pyrene residues are connected to the dyes, almost quantitative energy transfer from them to the dye core occurs, providing large virtual Stokes shifts spanning from 8000 to 13,000 cm(-1) depending on the nature of the dye. All the dyes are redox active, providing the Bodipy radical cation and anion in a reversible manner. Stepwise reduction or oxidation to the dication and dianion is feasible at higher potentials. We contend that the present work paves the way for the development of a new generation of stable, functionalized luminophores for bioanalytical applications.
Detection of Abnormal Living Patterns for Elderly Living Alone Using Support Vector Data Description (2011)

In this study, we developed an automated behavior analysis system using infrared (IR) motion sensors to assist the independent living of the elderly who live alone and to improve the efficiency of their healthcare. An IR motion-sensor-based activity-monitoring system was installed in the houses of the elderly subjects to collect motion signals and three different feature values, activity level, mobility level, and nonresponse interval (NRI). These factors were calculated from the measured motion signals. The support vector data description (SVDD) method was used to classify normal behavior patterns and to detect abnormal behavioral patterns based on the aforementioned three feature values. The simulation data and real data were used to verify the proposed method in the individual analysis. A robust scheme is presented in this paper for optimally selecting the values of different parameters especially that of the scale parameter of the Gaussian kernel function involving in the training of the SVDD window length, T of the circadian rhythmic approach with the aim of applying the SVDD to the daily behavior patterns calculated over 24 h. Accuracies by positive predictive value (PPV) were 95.8% and 90.5% for the simulation and real data, respectively. The results suggest that the monitoring system utilizing the IR motion sensors and abnormal-behavior-pattern detection with SVDD are effective methods for home healthcare of elderly people living alone.
51Cr-release assay adapted to a 96-well format sample reading. (1993)

The application of the Matrix 96, a direct beta counter, to monitor cell-mediated lympholysis assays (CML) was investigated. Until now, the gamma rays emitted from 51Cr, released in the supernatant of the sample following lysis of targets by effector cells, were read in gamma counters using individual tubes for each sample. The Matrix 96 has been designed to count 96 wells simultaneously for assays performed in 96-well microplates. Aliquots of supernatants were spotted on a 96-well disposable metal spotting plate and dried prior to reading in the Matrix 96. A tight correlation was observed between the counts obtained in the Matrix 96 and a gamma counter, which indicates that the detection of electron capture beta particles emitted from 51Cr was as accurate as reading gamma rays from the same isotope. Both methods confirmed the minimal level of cytotoxicity mediated by unstimulated lymphocytes and the high levels of nonspecific cytolytic activity mediated by lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) cells against several tumor cell lines.
Balanced toughening and strengthening of ethylene–propylene rubber toughened isotactic polypropylene using a poly(styrene-b-ethylene–propylene) diblock copolymer (2015)

A new modified polypropylene material with both high toughness and strength was prepared and the synergistic effect was revealed.
Fast and fully-scalable synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (2015)

Exfoliation of graphite is a promising approach for large-scale production of graphene. Oxidation of graphite effectively facilitates the exfoliation process, yet necessitates several lengthy washing and reduction processes to convert the exfoliated graphite oxide (graphene oxide, GO) to reduced graphene oxide (RGO). Although filtration, centrifugation and dialysis have been frequently used in the washing stage, none of them is favorable for large-scale production. Here, we report the synthesis of RGO by sonication-assisted oxidation of graphite in a solution of potassium permanganate and concentrated sulfuric acid followed by reduction with ascorbic acid prior to any washing processes. GO loses its hydrophilicity during the reduction stage which facilitates the washing step and reduces the time required for production of RGO. Furthermore, simultaneous oxidation and exfoliation significantly enhance the yield of few-layer GO. We hope this one-pot and fully-scalable protocol paves the road toward out of lab applications of graphene.
Fat metabolism in human obesity (1994)

Excessive fat turnover and oxidation might cause the insulin resistance of carbohydrate metabolism in obese humans. We studied the response of free fatty acid (FFA) metabolism in lean and obese volunteers to sequential insulin infusions of 4, 8, 25, and 400 mU.m-2.min-1. The insulin dose-response curves for suppression of FFA concentration, FFA turnover ([1-14C]palmitate), and lipolysis ([2H5]glycerol) were shifted to the right in the obese subjects (insulin concentrations that produced a half-maximal response, lean vs. obese: 103 +/- 21 vs. 273 +/- 41, 96 +/- 11 vs. 264 +/- 44, and 101 +/- 23 vs. 266 +/- 44 pM, all P < 0.05), consistent with insulin resistance of FFA metabolism in obesity. After the overnight fast, FFA turnover per fat mass was decreased in obese subjects (37 +/- 4 vs. 20 +/- 3 mumol.kg fat mass-1.min-1, P < 0.01) as the result of suppression of lipolysis by the hyperinsulinemia of obesity and an increased fractional reesterification of FFA before leaving the adipocyte (primary FFA reesterification; 0.14 +/- 0.03 vs. 0.35 +/- 0.06, P < 0.05). Nevertheless, FFA turnover per fat-free mass (FFM) was also greater in the obese volunteers (8.5 +/- 0.7 vs. 11.0 +/- 1.0 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1, P < 0.05) but only as the result of increased reesterification of intravascular FFA (secondary reesterification; 1.8 +/- 0.5 vs. 4.8 +/- 1.1 mumol.kg FFM-1.min-1, P < 0.01), since FFA oxidation was the same in the two groups throughout the insulin dose-response curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The effect of<i>Wolbachia</i>-induced cytoplasmic incompatibility on host population size in natural and manipulated systems (2002)

Obligate, intracellular bacteria of the genus Wolbachia often behave as reproductive parasites by manipulating host reproduction to enhance their vertical transmission. One of these reproductive manipulations, cytoplasmic incompatibility, causes a reduction in egg-hatch rate in crosses between individuals with differing infections. Applied strategies based upon cytoplasmic incompatibility have been proposed for both the suppression and replacement of host populations. As Wolbachia infections occur within a broad range of invertebrates, these strategies are potentially applicable to a variety of medically and economically important insects. Here, we examine the interaction between Wolbachia infection frequency and host population size. We use a model to describe natural invasions of Wolbachia infections, artificial releases of infected hosts and releases of sterile males, as part of a traditional sterile insect technique programme. Model simulations demonstrate the importance of understanding the reproductive rate and intraspecific competition type of the targeted population, showing that releases of sterile or incompatible individuals may cause an undesired increase in the adult number. In addition, the model suggests a novel applied strategy that employs Wolbachia infections to suppress host populations. Releases of Wolbachia-infected hosts can be used to sustain artificially an unstable coexistence of multiple incompatible infections within a host population, allowing the host population size to be reduced, maintained at low levels, or eliminated.
Anellierte Chinoline, 6. Mitt. 10<i>H</i>‐Indolo[3,2‐b]chinoline (1981)

Abstract Drei Verfahren werden auf ihre Eignung zur Darstellung von 5,11‐Dihydro‐11‐oxo‐10 H ‐indolo[3,2‐b]chinolinen und deren N‐Methyl‐Derivaten 4 geprüft. Die 11‐Chlor‐10 H ‐indolo[3,2‐b]chinoline 8 , Ausgangsprodukte für pharmazeutisch interessante Synthetica, werden beschrieben.