gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrofusion‐induced intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> flux and its effect on murine oocyte activation (1992)

These experiments were designed to monitor influx of extracellular Ca2+ into the murine ooplasm following a 1.56 kV.cm-1 direct current (DC) electrofusion pulse and subsequently to determine its effect on rate of activation. Pulse media consisted of non-electrolyte (0.3 M mannitol) and electrolyte (phosphate-buffered saline; PBS) media each containing 0.0, 0.05, or 0.9 mM Ca2+ (groups T1-T3 and T4-T6, respectively). Cumulus-free oocytes were incubated in 100 microliters drops of PBS containing 2 microM of the calcium indicator fluo-3/AM for 60 min at 37 degrees C. Fluo-3/AM-loaded oocytes were equilibrated for 7 min in assigned treatment media (T1-T6) prior to application of DC pulse. Change in fluorescent intensity was monitored for 6.5 min after DC pulse by photon counting spectrofluorometry. Fluorometric measurements demonstrate a dramatic rise in intracellular free Ca2+ (Ca2+i) following DC pulse is associated with Ca2+ ion concentration in the pulse medium. Significantly (P less than 0.01) higher Ca2+i levels were observed when 0.9 mM Ca2+ was added to the pulse medium (T3 and T6) compared with pulse medium containing lower Ca2+ ion concentrations (T1, T2, T4, and T5; P greater than 0.05). Differences (P less than 0.01) were observed in peak Ca2+i levels 18 sec after pulse with mean percent change in fluorescence of 5.1%a, 33.9%b, 112.7%c, 1.2%a, 9.3%a, and 99.9%c for T1-T6, respectively (values with different superscripts are significantly different at P less than 0.01). Increased oocyte membrane permeability to Ca2+ ion after DC pulse was observed for a minimum of 5 min after delivery of the 1.56 kV.cm-1 pulse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
2 GHz band triple mode dielectric resonator duplexer for digital cellular base station (2002)

This paper describes a novel compact 2 GHz band duplexer using triple mode dielectric resonators for digital cellular base stations, proposing high Q dielectric resonator technique which utilizes TM/sub 110-/x, TM/sub 110-/y and TE/sub 01//spl delta/ modes. We have designed and made a 2 GHz band duplexer using triple mode resonators, where the Tx and Rx bandpass filters that have 6 poles and low insertion loss of about 0.7 dB and high attenuation. Outer dimension of the duplexer is 115/spl times/115/spl times/45 mm/sup 3/.
Energy-efficient trajectory tracking for mobile devices (2011)

Emergent location-aware applications often require tracking trajectories of mobile devices over a long period of time. To be useful, the tracking has to be energy-efficient to avoid having a major impact on the battery life of the mobile device. Furthermore, when trajectory information needs to be sent to a remote server, on-device simplification of the trajectories is needed to reduce the amount of data transmission. While there has recently been a lot of work on energy-efficient position tracking, the energy-efficient tracking of trajectories has not been addressed in previous work. In this paper we propose a novel on-device sensor management strategy and a set of trajectory updating protocols which intelligently determine when to sample different sensors (accelerometer, compass and GPS) and when data should be simplified and sent to a remote server. The system is configurable with regards to accuracy requirements and provides a unified framework for both position and trajectory tracking. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by emulation experiments on real world data sets collected from different modes of transportation (walking, running, biking and commuting by car) as well as by validating with a real-world deployment. The results demonstrate that our approach is able to provide considerable savings in the battery consumption compared to a state-of-the-art position tracking system while at the same time maintaining the accuracy of the resulting trajectory, i.e., support of specific accuracy requirements and different types of applications can be ensured.
Stable amorphous blue phase of bent-core nematic liquid crystals doped with a chiral material (2010)

We report an induction of the blue phase III (BPIII) at a relatively low and wide (over 20 °C) temperature range in nematogenic achiral bent-core liquid crystals doped with a high twisting power chiral material. The pitch decreases with increasing chiral dopant ratio, and easily reaches the ultraviolet wavelength, so that completely dark texture is obtained under crossed polarizers. Electrooptical switching was achieved in a time range of a few to a few tens of milliseconds. We propose for the stabilization of BPIII that broad-temperature range smectic nano-clusters inhibit the long-range order of the double twisted helical structures, and also inhibit possible separation of chiral dopants from the mixture.
Mechanism of Breakdown of Laboratory Gaps (1961)

Upon application of an impulse voltage, of such value as not to cause sparkover, a nonuniform field gap, of the proportions frequently encountered in engineering work, the field at first corresponds to that which would be expected from the conventional electrostatic solution. The fields in the vicinity of the electrodes may exceed the critical field momentarily but when this field is exceeded and a free electron appears in the region of the overstressed field, an electron avalance is triggered that develops into aspace charge. For rod-rod gaps the space charge develops from both electrodes but for rodplate gaps from the rod only. The flow of the charge into the intervening gap is at a rate of about 0.001 c which corresponds approximately to the electron drift; so that for a 10-cm gap the charge has diffused through the entire gap in about 0.3 μsec and for a 200-inch gap in 9 μsec. The current feeding the space charge rises very rapidly and decreases somewhat along an exponential curve so that a substantial portion of the space charge is established in slightly less time than these values. A certain critical average gradient exists for gaps which will produce ultimate sparkover of the gap with prolonged application of the voltage. There is some evidence to indicate that when the space charge is fully developed across the gap the electric gradient in the gap between the electrodes is approximately uniform.
Plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition of silicon oxynitride for micromachined millimeter-wave devices (2008)

Silicon oxynitride films were deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at low temperature and frequency using SiH4 + NH3 + N2O gas mixtures. The process is optimized in order to deposit film with low tensile stress and high resistance during KOH etching. By increasing the gas flow of nitrous oxide (N2O), the film tends to be oxygen rich and the usual as-deposited high compressive stress is reduced to its lowest state at O/Si = 0.74. Annealing films above 480 °C generates low tensile stress suitable for membrane fabrication, and further infrared spectroscopy analysis shows that the shrinking of Si–O and Si–N bonds seems to be the cause of reversing the stress's nature. Young's modulus of the optimized layer is characterized by indentation. In application, 75 Ω coplanar waveguides (CPW) were fabricated on the top of an oxynitride membrane and characterized in term of insertion loss and effective permittivity. The results were compared to those obtained with the well-controlled bilayer silicon oxide–nitride membrane technology. The obtained losses are lower than 0.2 dB at 30 GHz with a free-space propagation signal.
Selective recovery of video packet loss using error concealment (1989)

An efficient recovery method using error concealment is proposed for video packet loss in fast packet switching networks. In this method, the receiver detects the damaged picture area caused by packet loss from the structured picture data received, makes error concealments, notifies the transmitter, and continues decoding. The transmitter, having received the notice, calculates the affected picture area in the local decoded picture and continues encoding without using this affected area. In this selective recovery method, video signals are not stopped even if a long propagation delay exists, no additional information is transmitted to error recovery and conventional coding algorithms can be used. The proposed method is suitable for multipoint communication. Simulation results show the affected picture area is localized for a considerable time attesting to the method's effectiveness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Analysis of data on a reinforced concrete cathodic protection system (1996)

Monitoring data from a cathodic protection system controlling chloride-induced corrosion in steel-reinforced concrete is discussed. Shift in metal potential, strengthening of passive film, and removal of oxygen from the steel surface are especially noted.
Rotation Period of 584 Semiramis (2015)

Rotation periods were obtained for ten minor planets based on near-IR CCD observations made in 2014 at the urban Burleith Observatory, Washington, DC. (The link provided is to the entire bulletin. Scroll to page 4 for Dr. French's article.)
Structural phase transformations and superconductivity in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">La</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">−</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Ba</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math><mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1989)

${\mathrm{La}}_{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{Ba}}_{\mathrm{x}}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ has been found to undergo the following sequence of transformations upon cooling: tetr.(I4/mmm) \ensuremath{\rightarrow}ortho.(Bmab)\ensuremath{\rightarrow}tetr.(P${4}_{2}$/ncm), over a range of composition 0.05<x<0.20. The newly discovered low-temperature tetragonal phase can be thought of as a coherent superposition of the twin-related Bmab structures. The system can be modeled as an XY-spin system with temperature-dependent quartic anisotopy, v(T). Slight differences between orthorhombic and tetragonal structures appear to have large effects upon the superconductivity.
Overexpression of apolipoprotein CII causes hypertriglyceridemia in transgenic mice. (1994)

We have generated transgenic mice expressing the human apolipoprotein CII (apoCII) gene under the transcriptional control of the human cytochrome P-450 IA1 (CYPIA1) promoter. Human apoCII transgenic (HuCIITg) mice exhibited significant basal expression of the transgene (plasma apoCII level = 26.1 +/- 4 mg/dl) and showed further induction of transgene expression after treatment with beta-naphthoflavone. Unexpectedly, HuCIITg mice were hypertriglyceridemic and human apoCII levels correlated strongly to triglyceride levels (R = 0.89, P < 0.0001). Triglyceride levels (mg/dl +/- SEM) were elevated compared to controls in both the fed (804 +/- 113 vs 146 +/- 18, P < 0.001) and fasted (273 +/- 39 vs 61 +/- 4, P < 0.001) states. HuCIITg mice accumulated triglyceride-rich very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) with an increased apoC/apoE ratio. Tracer kinetic studies indicated delayed clearance of VLDL-triglyceride, and studies using Triton inhibition of VLDL clearance showed no increase in VLDL production. Plasma from these mice activated mouse lipoprotein lipase normally and radiolabeled VLDL were normally hydrolyzed. However, HuCIITg VLDL showed markedly decreased binding to heparin-Sepharose, suggesting that apoCII-rich, apoE-poor lipoprotein may be less accessible to cell surface lipases or receptors within their glycosaminoglycan matrices. HuCIITg mice are a promising model of hypertriglyceridemia that suggests a more complex role for apoCII in the metabolism of plasma triglycerides.
BiCl<sub>3</sub>-Catalyzed Diastereoselective Intramolecular [4+2] Cycloaddition Reactions Leading to Pyrazole Annulated New Sulfur Heterocycles (2003)

Abstract Intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reactions of N-aryl imines generated in situ from anilines and the S-allyl derivatives of pyrazole aldehydes have been carried out in the presence of catalytic amounts of BiCl3 to provide the corresponding hexahydropyrazolo [4′,3′:5,6]thiopyrano[4,3-b]quinolines in excellent yields. The reactions are highly diastereoselective and the only cis products are isolated exclusively.
Short-wavelength-sensitive-cone sensitivity loss with aging: a protective role for macular pigment? (1988)

The hypothesis was tested that the yellow macular pigment protects the human fovea from retinal neural damage caused by visible-light exposure over a lifetime. The sensitivities of the short-wavelength-sensitive-cone (S-cone) pathways and a long-wavelength-sensitive pathway were assessed across the central retina in a young group (average age, 23 years) and an older group (average age, 67 years) of normal healthy observers. No statistically significant difference was found at any retinal locations between the groups for the measures of long-wavelength sensitivity. However, the older group showed a significant differential loss of S-cone sensitivity across the retina compared with the younger group, with more loss of sensitivity at nonfoveal locations than at the fovea. This differential loss across the retina cannot be accounted for by yellowing of the crystalline lens, since lens effects are present equally at all retinal eccentricities. This result supports the hypothesis that the macular pigment protects the foveal area from light damage.
Gure gaztak neolitos garaitikakoak ote (1998)

GSK3082 - a hepatitis C virus RNA polymerase inhibitor - and a series of analogues with structural diversity at the 5-position were prepared from a 2,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted pyrrolidine obtained with a well-defined stereochemistry from the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of the chiral imino ester derived from leucine tert-butyl ester and (R)-2,3-O-isopropylideneglyceraldehyde with methyl acrylate. The chiral 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolane moiety provided by the glyceraldehyde served as a synthetic equivalent for different substituents and functional groups and these transformations usually required mild reaction conditions and simple work-up procedures. The inhibitory activity of the resulting GSK3082 analogues was studied in vitro in a cell-based assay of the subgenomic HCV RNA replication system. Some of the analogues showed good inhibitory activity with IC50 values in the nanomolar concentration range.
Multiple accessing for the collision channel without feedback (1984)

We consider asynchronous multiple accessing without feedback over the collision channel. Redundant coding is used to overcome user interference which causes erasures for collided packets. The channel has a sum capacity of e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and a sum cutoff rate of 0.295. The best codes are long constraint length rate 1/3 convolutional encoders which achieve a sum throughput up to the sum cutoff rate using an easy-to-implement forward search decoding algorithm. In the presence of additive Gaussian noise, the same redundant coding can save, at hardly any extra cost, about 6 dB of signal-to-noise ratio.
Conservation of Essential Design Features in Coiled Coil Silks (2007)

Silks are strong protein fibers produced by a broad array of spiders and insects. The vast majority of known silks are large, repetitive proteins assembled into extended beta-sheet structures. Honeybees, however, have found a radically different evolutionary solution to the need for a building material. The 4 fibrous proteins of honeybee silk are small ( approximately 30 kDa each) and nonrepetitive and adopt a coiled coil structure. We examined silks from the 3 superfamilies of the Aculeata (Hymenoptera: Apocrita) by infrared spectroscopy and found coiled coil structure in bees (Apoidea) and in ants (Vespoidea) but not in parasitic wasps of the Chrysidoidea. We subsequently identified and sequenced the silk genes of bumblebees, bulldog ants, and weaver ants and compared these with honeybee silk genes. Each species produced orthologues of the 4 small fibroin proteins identified in honeybee silk. Each fibroin contained a continuous predicted coiled coil region of around 210 residues, flanked by 23-160 residue length N- and C-termini. The cores of the coiled coils were unusually rich in alanine. There was extensive sequence divergence among the bee and ant silk genes (<50% similarity between the alignable regions of bee and ant sequences), consistent with constant and equivalent divergence since the bee/ant split (estimated to be 155 Myr). Despite a high background level of sequence diversity, we have identified conserved design elements that we propose are essential to the assembly and function of coiled coil silks.
Light-Sensitive Microemulsions (2004)

A photodestructible surfactant, sodium 4-hexylphenylazosulfonate (C6-PAS), has been introduced to AOT-stabilized water-in-heptane microemulsions. Proton NMR spectra show that C6-PAS undergoes UV-induced decomposition, to yield a mixture of 4-hexylphenol and hexylbenzene. The photostationary state was determined by 1H NMR, indicating that nearly 90% of the initial photosurfactant had been destroyed, yielding non-surface-active hexylbenzene as the main product. This phototriggered breakdown gives rise to changes in adsorption and aggregation properties of C6-PAS, representing a novel route to induce microemulsion destabilization. When a series of microemulsions containing different amounts of C6-PAS were exposed to UV light, part of the dispersed water phase-separated. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) was used to follow the resulting UV-induced shrinkage of the water nanodroplets: a maximum volume decrease was found to be in the order of 60-70%. Kinetic SANS studies were also carried out in order to follow the changes in aggregation as a function of UV irradiation time. Multicontrast SANS experiments gave further insight; for example, it was demonstrated that the shell thickness remained constant. This study represents the first example of light-induced microemulsion destabilization.
Semisolid metal processing (2002)

Semisolid metal (SSM) processingis a relatively new technology for metal forming. Different from the conventional metal forming technologies which use either solid metals (solid state processing) or liquid metals (casting) as starting materials, SSM processing deals with semisolid slurries, in which non-dendritic solid particles are dispersed in a liquid matrix. Semisolid metal slurries exhibit distinctive rheological characteristics: the steady state behaviour is pseudoplastic (or shear thinning), while the transient state behaviour is thixotropic. All the currently available technologies for SSM processing have been developed based on those unique rheological properties, which in turn originate from their non-dendritic microstructures. Year 2001 marks the 30th anniversary of the concept of SSM processing. Today, SSM processing has established itself as a scientifically sound and commercially viable technology for production of metallic components with high integrity, improved mechanical properties, complex shape, and tight dimensional control. Perhaps more importantly, it has demonstrated its great potential for further technological development andcommercial exploitation. In this paper, progress made on the scientific understanding, technological development, and industrial applications of SSM processingare reviewed. The areas for further research and development are also discussed.
Modulation methods for PCNs (1992)

The interference levels that may be expected for a range of conventional cellular and microcellular clusters used in personal communication networks (PCNs) and personal communication systems (PCSs) are discussed. Simulation results show that for conventional size cells, 32- and 64-level quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) schemes are preferred for bit error rates (BER) above 1*10/sup -2/, while 4PSK or variable-rate QAM schemes are better for lower BER. For microcells with communications at both 900 MHz and 1.8 GHz, four- or six-cell clusters are advocated, depending on the SNR expected. Based on the expected signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and interference levels, it is argued that variable-rate QAM schemes are superior to the other modulation schemes considered. For low BERs 4PSK may often provide the best performance, whereas for high BERs, particularly when the SNR is high, 32- and 64-level star QAM are the most suitable.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Plastic Intraoral Device for the Collection of Human Parotid Saliva (1977)

A plastic intraoral (IO) cup developed to facilitate collection of human parotid saliva was tested on two groups of patients. Samples collected in both IO and tubed cups exhibited no significant differences in lysozyme or lactoperoxidase activity, levels of total protein or secretory IgA, or in flow rates. Results suggest that the IO cup provides a simple, reliable method for collecting parotid saliva.
Antibody targeted gene transfer to endothelium (2002)

We have shown that our novel vector is capable of in vitro and ex vivo gene delivery to cells and human tissues including cornea, artery and vein. In particular, an Ab against E-selectin was effective at selectively delivering genes to activated endothelial cells expressing the adhesion molecule. Such a strategy will have applications for targeting these tissues prior to transplantation or autologous grafting, and, in the longer term, may allow in vivo targeting of gene therapy to inflammatory sites.
Charged Membrane Surfaces Impede the Protein-Mediated Transfer of Glycosphingolipids between Phospholipid Bilayers (2000)

A lipid transfer protein that facilitates the transfer of glycolipids between donor and acceptor membranes has been investigated using a fluorescence resonance energy transfer assay. The glycolipid transfer protein (23-24 kDa, pI 9.0) catalyzes the high specificity transfer of lipids that have sugars beta-linked to either a ceramide or a diacylglycerol backbone, such as simple glycolipids and gangliosides, but not the transfer of phospholipids, cholesterol, or cholesterol esters. In this study, we examined the effect of different charged lipids on the rate of transfer of anthrylvinyl-labeled galactosylceramide (1 mol %) from a donor to acceptor vesicle population at neutral pH. Compared to neutral donor vesicle membranes, introduction of negatively charged lipid at 5 or 10 mol % into the donor vesicles significantly decreased the transfer rate. Introduction of the same amount of negative charge into the acceptor vesicle membrane did not impede the transfer rate as effectively. Also, positive charge in the donor vesicle membrane was not as effective at slowing the transfer rate as was negative charge in the donor vesicle. Increasing the ionic strength of the buffer with NaCl significantly reversed the charge effects. At neutral pH, the transfer protein (pI congruent with 9.0) is expected to be positively charged, which may promote association with the negatively charged donor membrane. Based on these and other experiments, we conclude that the transfer process follows first-order kinetics and that the off-rate of the transfer protein from the donor vesicle surface is the rate-limiting step in the transfer process.