gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Novel Subtype of Astrocytes Expressing TRPV4 (Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 4) Regulates Neuronal Excitability via Release of Gliotransmitters (2014)

Astrocytes play active roles in the regulation of synaptic transmission. Neuronal excitation can evoke Ca(2+) transients in astrocytes, and these Ca(2+) transients can modulate neuronal excitability. Although only a subset of astrocytes appears to communicate with neurons, the types of astrocytes that can regulate neuronal excitability are poorly characterized. We found that ∼30% of astrocytes in the brain express transient receptor potential vanilloid 4 (TRPV4), indicating that astrocytic subtypes can be classified on the basis of their expression patterns. When TRPV4(+) astrocytes are activated by ligands such as arachidonic acid, the activation propagates to neighboring astrocytes through gap junctions and by ATP release from the TRPV4(+) astrocytes. After activation, both TRPV4(+) and TRPV4(-) astrocytes release glutamate, which acts as an excitatory gliotransmitter to increase synaptic transmission through type 1 metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR). Our results indicate that TRPV4(+) astrocytes constitute a novel subtype of the population and are solely responsible for initiating excitatory gliotransmitter release to enhance synaptic transmission. We propose that TRPV4(+) astrocytes form a core of excitatory glial assembly in the brain and function to efficiently increase neuronal excitation in response to endogenous TRPV4 ligands.
On-Board Estimation of Vehicle Weight By Optimizing Signal Processing (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The performances of some vehicle control systems are influenced by changes in the weight of the vehicle. In these systems, it is important to be able to estimate the weight without the need for special sensors. When we use physical models to do this, we have to provide estimates for two or more unknown parameters. In addition, since such a method is influenced by disturbances in the measured signals, it is difficult to maintain an acceptable level of accuracy. So, after analyzing the physical phenomena, we developed a new method that eliminates the influence of the disturbances from the measured signals and constructed an estimation system that has a minimum number of unknown parameters that was capable of providing a more accurate estimate of a vehicle weight. This method was applied to the braking force control of an automatic transmission and its efficacy was verified.</div>
Methane Cracking over Cobalt Molybdenum Carbides (2018)

The catalytic behaviour of Co3Mo3C, Co6Mo6C, Co3Mo3N and Co6Mo6N for methane cracking has been studied to determine the relationship between the methane cracking activity and the chemical composition. The characterisation of post-reaction samples showed a complex phase composition with the presence of Co3Mo3C, α-Co and β-Mo2C as catalytic phases and the deposition of different forms of carbon during reaction.
REVIEWS (2001)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access FRANÇOISE BRIQUEL-CHATONNET and HÉLENE LOZACHMEUR (eds), Proche-orient ancien temps vécu, temps pensé: Actes de la Table-Ronde du 15 novembre 1997 organisée par I'URA 1062 ‘Etudes Sémitiques’ (Antiquités sémitiques 3). Jean Maisonneuve and Collège de France, Paris 1998. Pp. 238. Price: 260 FF paperback. ISBN: 2-7200-1114-2. WILFRED G. E. WATSON WILFRED G. E. WATSON UNIVERSITY OF NEWCASTLE UPON TYNE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Semitic Studies, Volume XLVI, Issue 1, Spring 2001, Pages 121–122, https://doi.org/10.1093/jss/XLVI.1.121 Published: 01 March 2001
Multiple foci in parietal and frontal cortex activated by rubbing embossed grating patterns across fingerpads: a positron emission tomography study in humans (1997)

Somatosensory representations occupy parietal postcentral gyral (S1) and lateral sulcal-opercular cortex (S2). To address the issue of possible multiple activation foci in these regions and possible differences due to stimulating skin directly or through an imposed tool, we studied changes in cerebral blood flow with positron emission tomography during passive tactile stimulation of one or two fingertips. Restrained fingers were rubbed with embossed gratings using a rotating drum stimulator in 11 subjects. For different scans, gratings touched the skin directly for optimal stimulation of cutaneous receptors (called skin mode stimulation) or indirectly through an imposed guitar plectrum snugly fitted to the same fingers (called tool mode stimulation). The latter was expected to stimulate deep receptors better. Subjects estimated roughness after each scan. Direct skin contact activated statistically validated foci in both hemispheres. On the contralateral side these foci occurred in the anterior and posterior limbs of the postcentral gyrus and on the ipsilateral side only in the posterior limb. Tool mode stimulation activated one contralateral focus that was in the posterior limb of the postcentral gyrus. These results suggest at least two maps for distal fingertips in S1 with the anterior and posterior foci corresponding, respectively, to activations in area 3b and the junction between areas 1 and 2. In contralateral S2, skin mode stimulation activated a peak that was anterior and medial to a focus associated with tool mode stimulation. The magnitude of PET counts contralateral to stimulation was greater in the anterior S1 and the S2 regions during initial scans but reversed to more activation in the posterior S1 during later scans. These short-term practice effects suggest changes in neural activity with stimulus novelty.
Experimental Study of Metallic Emitter SiGeC HBTs (2006)

This paper deals with the integration of a metallic emitter in a high-speed SiGe HBT technology. An innovative integration process called PRETCH is detailed, along with static and high-frequency electrical results. Hall Effect measurements down to 20 K on Asdoped mono-emitter layers are also reported, which help understand the physics of hole injection in highly doped emitters. The optimization of the process is detailed, and a significant increase of the fT × BVCEO product in metallic emitter SiGe HBTs is finally demonstrated.
Aqueous base developable deep‐UV resist based on chemically amplified crosslinking of phenolic resin (1992)

Abstract The principle of chemical amplification has proven to be successful for the design of highly sensitive, high resolution resist material. In many cases a strong Broensted acid, generated by photolysis of onium salt precursors, has been used to catalytically cleave an acid labile blocking moiety. A new approach to negative tone resist is based on acid catalyzed cleavage of acetal blocked aromatic aldehydes, which act as “latent electrophiles” and, under the influence of strong acid, react with the surrounding phenolic resin. If the acetal is polyfunctional or incorporated in a phenolic polymer chain, an increase in molecular weight, due to crosslinking, is observed. The resist is highly sensitive and allows the resolution of 0.5 μm features without swelling.
Three-axis micro-force sensor with sub-micro-Newton measurement uncertainty and tunable force range (2009)

The first three-axis micro-force sensor with adjustable force range from ±20 µN to ±200 µN and sub-micro-Newton measurement uncertainty is presented. The sensor design, the readout electronics, the sensor characterization and an uncertainty analysis for the force predictions are described. A novel microfabrication process based on a double silicon-on-insulator (SOI) substrate has been developed enabling a major reduction in the fabrication complexity of multi-axis sensors and actuators.
Effect of dried solids of nejayote on broiler growth (1997)

The purpose of the present study was to test the suitability of the solids of nejayote (a waste product from the tortilla industry) in diets for broilers. The nejayote was obtained from two different tortilla-making factories and the solids were obtained by centrifuge then dried in a hot-air drier. Diets were formulated to be isocaloric and isonitrogenous according to the NRC dietary requirements (1994). Nejayote solids were supplemented at 2, 4, and 6% of the diet. Results show that the content of protein and calcium in the dried solids of nejayote were 5 and 13%, respectively. The performance of broilers fed diets supplemented with dried nejayote did not differ from that of those fed the control diet. Therefore, it is concluded that nejayote solids are suitable for broiler feed and do not affect growth performance. Utilization of nejayote solids at higher levels is a possibility provided that no adverse effects on body weight, feed utilization, and feed:gain ratios are observed.
Lectures On Subgical Pathology (1854)

JOURNAL ARTICLE| 01 July 1854 Reviews: Lectures on Surgical Pathology JAMES PAGET JAMES PAGET London Search for other works by this author on: This site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information JAMES PAGET London Online Issn: 1477-9137 Print Issn: 0021-9533 Copyright © 1854 by the Company of Biologists Ltd.1854 J Cell Sci (1854) s1-2 (7): 197–199. https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.s1-2.7.197 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation JAMES PAGET; Reviews: Lectures on Surgical Pathology. J Cell Sci 1 July 1854; s1-2 (7): 197–199. doi: https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.s1-2.7.197 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All contentAll journalsJournal of Cell Science Search Advanced Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright © 1854 by the Company of Biologists Ltd.1854 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
An analysis of convolutional neural networks for speech recognition (2015)

Despite the fact that several sites have reported the effectiveness of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on some tasks, there is no deep analysis regarding why CNNs perform well and in which case we should see CNNs' advantage. In the light of this, this paper aims to provide some detailed analysis of CNNs. By visualizing the localized filters learned in the convolutional layer, we show that edge detectors in varying directions can be automatically learned. We then identify four domains we think CNNs can consistently provide advantages over fully-connected deep neural networks (DNNs): channel-mismatched training-test conditions, noise robustness, distant speech recognition, and low-footprint models. For distant speech recognition, a CNN trained on 1000 hours of Kinect distant speech data obtains relative 4% word error rate reduction (WERR) over a DNN of a similar size. To our knowledge, this is the largest corpus so far reported in the literature for CNNs to show its effectiveness. Lastly, we establish that the CNN structure combined with maxout units is the most effective model under small-sizing constraints for the purpose of deploying small-footprint models to devices. This setup gives relative 9.3% WERR from DNNs with sigmoid units.
The use of nonlinear functional expansions in calculation of the terrain effect in airborne and marine gravimetry and gradiometry (1974)

Abstract The terrain corrections for gravity and gravity gradient data are nonlinear functionals of the surrounding topography. We show how to approximate these corrections by use of Volterra-Wiener functional expansion, which is a sum of linear convolutions using the topography, the square of the topography, etc. The convolution kernels are like Taylor expansion coefficients which depend upon the distance from the source point to the field point. As an example, we compute the field V zz for a two-dimensional ridge by the expansion method and compare the result with the exact result.We then show how the expansion technique can be used to propagate statistical properties through nonlinear functionals. As an example of this, we compute the rms terrain correction for V zz as a function of the flight elevation and terrain relief.
The hypolipidemic activity of novel benzofuran-2-carboxamide derivatives in Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats: a comparison with bezafibrate (2010)

Using Triton WR-1339-induced hyperlipidemic rats as an experimental model, we investigated whether compound 4 [N-(9,10-dihydro-9,10-dioxoanthracen-2-yl)bezofuran-2-carboxamide] and compound 5 [N-(4-benzoylphenyl)benzofuran-2-carboxamide], two novel anti-hyperlipidemic agents, have any effect on plasma triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels (HDL-C) levels. The tested animals were divided into control (CG), hyperlipidemic (HG), and compounds 4, 5, and bezafibrate (BF) treated groups. At a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, compounds 4, 5, and BF significantly reduced elevated plasma TG levels after 7 and 24 h. Furthermore, HDL-C levels were remarkably increased in all treated groups after 7 and 24 h compared to the hyperlipidemic control group. However, only compounds 4 and 5 treated groups clearly showed a significant reduction in plasma total cholesterol levels after 7 and 24 h. It is therefore reasonable to assume that compounds 4 and 5 may have promising potential in the treatment of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerosis.
A New Direction in Feedback of Student’s Written Work (2008)

This paper will look further into an innovative form of providing feedback that is beginning to create a lot of interest in several countries around the world, including the USA, Japan and Spain. The idea has already had national press coverage in the UK. In this research, the author will explain how screen recording software can be used to provide feedback for students. The paper will outline two possible ways that video feedback can be used to provide individual feedback to students either on their written work or on the general performance of the whole class. Students have been very enthusiastic in their response to this form of providing feedback. The paper concludes by outlining possible directions for further study.
Hyperkalemia in Dialysis Patients (2001)

Serious hyperkalemia is common in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and accounts for considerable morbidity and death. Mechanisms of extrarenal disposal of potassium (gastrointestinal excretion and cellular uptake) play a crucial role in the defense against hyperkalemia in this population. In this article we review extrarenal potassium homeostasis and its alteration in patients with ESRD. We pay particular attention to the factors that influence the movement of potassium across cell membranes. With that background we discuss the emergency treatment of hyperkalemia in patients with ESRD. We conclude with a review of strategies to reduce the risk of hyperkalemia in this population of patients.
Identifying Digital Threats in a Hacker Web Forum (2015)

Information threatening the security of critical infrastructures are exchanged over the Internet through communication platforms, such as online discussion forums. This information can be used by malicious hackers to attack critical computer networks and data systems. Much of the literature on the hacking of critical infrastructure has focused on developing typologies of cyber-attacks, but has not examined the communication activities of the actors involved. To address this gap in the literature, the language of hackers was analyzed to identify potential threats against critical infrastructures using automated analysis tools. First, discussion posts were collected from a selected hacker forum using a customized web-crawler. Posts were analyzed using a parts of speech tagger, which helped determine a list of keywords used to query the data. Next, a sentiment analysis tool scored these keywords, which were then analyzed to determine the effectiveness of this method.
Technology evaluation: interleukin-2 gene therapy for the treatment of renal cell carcinoma. (1999)

Leuvectin is a plasmid DNA/lipid complex comprised of a plasmid DNA expression vector (VCL-1102, 30) encoding human interleukin (IL)-2 complexed in a 5:1 mass ratio with DMRIE/DOPE lipid that has been developed for the treatment of cancer. DMRIE/DOPE is a cationic lipid, which facilitates in vitro and in vivo transfection of plasmid DNA. In vitro transfection with the IL-2 plasmid DNA/DMRIE/DOPE complex results in the expression of sustained levels of biologically active IL-2. Human tumor cell lines and primary human tumor cells established from biopsies were readily transfected in vitro resulting in the expression of IL-2. Following in vitro transfection, IL-2 expression continued up to several weeks post-transfection in primary tumor cells. In preclinical efficacy studies in a murine model of renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the direct intratumoral administration of an IL-2 plasmid DNA/DMRIE/DOPE complex resulted in the generation of tumor specific lymphocytes and complete tumor regression in the majority of the mice. In preclinical animal safety studies, repeated administration of Leuvectin was safe and well-tolerated. Following these promising preclinical results, Leuvectin has entered clinical trials and two pilot phase I/II trials are described.
Synchronous rectifiers vs. Schottky diodes in a buck topology for low voltage applications (2002)

Comparison of a regular and synchronous buck topology for low voltage applications is given. Loss distribution and overall circuit efficiency are calculated for both topologies as a function of switching frequency and output current. It was found that the regular buck has always better efficiency for a certain combination of load current and switching frequency. Experimental results are shown to verify predictions.
The Preparation of Vinylacetylene (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of VinylacetyleneG. F. Hennion, Charles C. Price, and Thomas F. McKeon Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 20, 5160Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01649a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01649a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Simple Technique for Power Distribution With Better Characteristics Than Electromagnetic Bandgap Structures (2015)

This paper presents a simple power delivery design for mitigating the coupling of power supply noise in mixed-signal electronics. Digital circuitry operating at high data rates generates supply noise that can interfere with sensitive RF components. Currently used methods, such as split planes and ferrite beads, have limited isolation bandwidth and can pose difficulties for signal integrity. Electromagnetic bandgap (EBG) structures have been shown to exhibit excellent noise isolation characteristics. In this paper, a set of parallel digital buffers and a low-noise amplifier are powered by a power transmission line (PTL) instead of a voltage plane. An embedded bandstop filter in the PTL significantly reduces the amount of coupled noise between the digital and RF supply voltage pins. In addition, a source terminating the PTL provides good noise isolation with even lower supply noise. The proposed methods are easy to design and implement and use much less space than an equivalent EBG structure. Test vehicles using these proposed methods, as well as using an EBG structure, were fabricated and tested with regard to power supply noise, jitter, and noise isolation. The proposed methods show up to 13-dB decrease in coupled power compared with the EBG. In addition, the measured supply noise is decreased by 75% and the total jitter in the transmitted eye diagram is improved by 23% using the proposed method.
Single-exposure super-resolved interferometric microscopy by red–green–blue multiplexing (2011)

We present single-exposure super-resolved interferometric microscopy (SESRIM) as a novel approach capable of providing one-dimensional (1-D) super-resolution (SR) imaging in holographic microscopy using a single illumination shot. The single-exposure SR working principle is achieved by combining angular and wavelength multiplexing incoming from a set of tilted beams with different wavelengths where each wavelength is tuned with the red-green-blue (RGB) channels of a color CCD. Thus, the information included in each color channel is retrieved by holographic recording using a single-color CCD capture and by analyzing the RGB channels. Finally, 1-D SR imaging is obtained after the digital postprocessing stage yielding the generation of a synthetic aperture. Experimental results are reported validating the proposed SESRIM approach while an extension of the proposed approach to the two-dimensional case is considered.
How to solve the cost crisis in health care. (2011)

U.S. health care costs currently exceed 17% of GDP and continue to rise. One fundamental reason that providers are unable to reverse the trend is that they don't understand what it costs to deliver patient care or how those costs compare with outcomes. To put it bluntly, few health care providers measure the actual costs for treating a given patient with a given medical condition over a full cycle of care, or compare the costs they incur with the outcomes they achieve. What isn't measured cannot be managed or improved, and this is all too true in health care, where poor costing systems mean that effective and efficient providers go unrewarded, and inefficient ones have little incentive to improve. But all this can be remedied by exploring the concept of value in health care and carefully measuring costs. This article describes a new way to analyze costs that uses patients and their conditions--not organizational units or narrow diagnostic treatment groups--as the fundamental unit of analysis for measuring costs and outcomes. The new approach, called time-driven activity-cased costing, is currently being implemented in pilots at the Head and Neck Center at MD Anderson, the Cleft Lip and Palate Program at Children's Hospital in Boston, and units performing knee replacements at Schön Klinik in Germany and Brigham & Women's Hospital in Boston. As providers and payors better understand costs, they will be positioned to achieve a true "bending of the cost curve" from within the system, not in response to top-down mandates. Accurate costing also unlocks a whole cascade of opportunities, such as process improvement, better organization of care, and new reimbursement approaches that will accelerate the pace of innovation and value creation.