gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Establishment of a Tractable Genetic Transformation System in Veillonella spp (2012)

We have constructed the first Escherichia coli-Veillonella shuttle vector based on an endogenous plasmid (pVJL1) isolated from a clinical Veillonella strain. A highly transformable Veillonella strain was also identified. Both the shuttle vector and the transformable strain should be valuable tools for future Veillonella genetic studies.
Highly Efficient Transthioacetalization of O,O-Acetals Catalyzed by Indium(III) Chloride (2002)

A simple, efficient and general procedure has been developed for the transthioacetalization of O,O-acetals catalyzed by indium(III) chloride in 1,2-dichloroethane.
Gratings for Integrated Optics by Electron Lithography (1974)

The electron lithographic fabrication of high quality diffraction gratings with periods in the 0.25-microm < a(o) < 1.5-microm range is reported. The negative electron resist employed is a copolymer of glycidyl methacrylate and ethyl acrylate with a sensitivity about 15 times better than that of poly(methyl methacrylate), a positive resist. A new scan generator with linearity accurate to 1 part in 10(4) and locked onto the 60-Hz power supplies is described. Gratings with up to 3000 lines were fabricated with long range order deltaa(o)/a(o) </= 5 </= 10(-4). The use of the negative resist gratings as couplers for thin-slab dielectric waveguides is demonstrated. It was found that efficiencies up to 20% could be obtained in the range 0.5 < lambda(o)/a(o) < 1.1.
Interaction of human apurinic endonuclease and DNA polymerase β in the base excision repair pathway (1997)

Mutagenic abasic (AP) sites are generated directly by DNA-damaging agents or by DNA glycosylases acting in base excision repair. AP sites are corrected via incision by AP endonucleases, removal of deoxyribose 5-phosphate, repair synthesis, and ligation. Mammalian DNA polymerase beta (Polbeta) carries out most base excision repair synthesis and also can excise deoxyribose 5-phosphate after AP endonuclease incision. Yeast two-hybrid analysis now indicates protein-protein contact between Polbeta and human AP endonuclease (Ape protein). In vitro, binding of Ape protein to uncleaved AP sites loads Polbeta into a ternary complex with Ape and the AP-DNA. After incision by Ape, only Polbeta exhibits stable DNA binding. Kinetic experiments indicated that Ape accelerates the excision of 5'-terminal deoxyribose 5-phosphate by Polbeta. Thus, the two central players of the base excision repair pathway are coordinated in sequential reactions.
Current and Emerging Therapies for Bone Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (2015)

The emergence of novel treatments for mCRPC, combined with improved patient stratification and optimized therapy sequencing, suggests that significant gains may be made in terms of overall survival rates for men diagnosed with this form of cancer.
Effect of interleukin 1 receptor antagonist gene transduction on human melanoma xenografts in nude mice. (2003)

Interleukin (IL)-1 is a pleiotropic inflammatory cytokine that promotes angiogenesis and enhances tumor growth and metastases. We evaluated the effects of IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) on tumor growth and metastases in human melanoma xenografts. We selected two human melanoma lines (SMEL and PMEL) with differential (high versus low, respectively) constitutive production of IL-1 by ELISA. The IL-1ra gene was isolated from monocyte RNA by PCR and retrovirally transduced into SMEL and PMEL. In vitro cell proliferation was evaluated using a WST-1 assay. Athymic nude mice received s.c. or i.v. injection with parental, vector-transduced, or IL-1ra-transduced melanoma cells, and tumor growth, lung metastases, and histology were characterized. IL-1 was produced by SMEL in vitro and ex vivo (117 and 67 pg/ml/10(6) cells/24 h, respectively), but not by PMEL (15 and 0 pg/ml/10(6) cells/24 h, respectively). Neither made IL-1ra natively. Gene-transduced cell lines secreted >1000 pg/ml/10(6) cells/24 h of IL-1ra by ELISA. In vitro proliferation of each parental cell line was comparable to the proliferation rate of each transduced cell line. IL-1ra-transduced SMEL (SMEL/IL-1ra) showed significantly slower tumor growth compared with null-transduced and parental cell lines (P < 0.001, ANOVA-Bonferroni/Dunn). There was no difference in growth rates between PMEL and IL-1ra-transduced PMEL (PMEL/IL-1ra). A mixing study of SMEL and SMEL/IL-1ra showed significant inhibition of tumor growth at various ratios (P < 0.001, ANOVA-Bonferroni/Dunn). There were significantly fewer lung metastases with SMEL/IL-1ra versus SMEL (P < 0.002). IL-1ra decreases in vivo growth and metastatic potential of a human melanoma xenograft that constitutively secretes IL-1. This effect may be exploitable using clinically available IL-1ra for the treatment of human cancers.
Accurate modeling of the hybrid hash join algorithm (1994)

The join of two relations is an important operation in database systems. It occurs frequently in relational queries, and join performance is a significant factor in overall system performance. Cost models for join algorithms are used by query optimizers to choose efficient query execution strategies. This paper presents an efficient analytical model of an important join method, the hybrid hash join algorithm, that captures several key features of the algorithm's performance—including its intra-operator parallelism, interference between disk reads and writes, caching of disk pages, and placement of data on disk(s). Validation of the model against a detailed simulation of a database system shows that the response time estimates produced by the model are quite accurate.
Human Atrial Action Potential and Ca <sup>2+</sup> Model (2011)

Our study provides a novel tool and insights into ionic bases of atrioventricular AP differences, and shows how Na+ and Ca2+ homeostases critically mediate abnormal repolarization in AF.
Resolution of high and low affinity epidermal growth factor receptors. Inhibition of high affinity component by low temperature, cycloheximide, and phorbol esters. (1982)

Receptors for the mitogen epidermal growth factor (EGF) have been implicated as mediators of cellular transformation and tumor promotion.12-0-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-myristate (PMA) causes immediate but transient reductions in the ability of human KB cells to internalize EGF by decreasing the affinity of cell surface EGF receptors 7-to 12-fold.After 90 min of PMA exposure, complete recovery of the high affinity apparatus occurs.Evidence is presented that the decreased binding capacity to "%EGF is caused by delaying the appearance at the plasma membrane of cryptic receptor sites of high affinity.Exposure of these high affinity binding sites is temperature dependent and is blocked by pretreatment of cells with inhibitors of de nouo protein synthesis.After short incubation periods (0 to 60 min) with '''I-EGF, up to 90% of the internalized '261-EGF can be rapidly dissociated from cells by the addition of PMA.This treatment kinetically reveals a trypsin-insensitive, nondissociating component of cell-associated Iz6I-EGF.With PMA, both the rate (maximal at 4 h with PMA as compared to 24 h) and extent (&fold greater with PMA) of transfer of '"I-EGF into this trypsinstable compartment is enhanced and accounts for the severalfold stimulation in ''%EGF accumulation.This evidence suggests that the internalization of '"I-EGF can be resolved into two components, one into which EGF immediately partitions and is freely exchangeable with the extracellular medium and that is disrupted by PMA.A second and previously unknown compartment retains '"I-EGF in the presence of PMA after a short delay to a considerably greater extent than that of untreated cells.Thus, without PMA, EGF is internalized into this nondissociating intracellular compartment, but the transfer is only 5-10% as efficient.These results suggest that the accumulation of stable intracellular mitogen-receptor complexes may be directed by a population of very high affinity receptors which may be an element involved in the control of cellular growth and tumor promotion.Epidermal growth factor promotes the growth and differentiation of epithelial and fibroblastic cells both in vivo and in vitro (1-3).Although it is generally accepted that EGF'
The long pentraxin PTX3 as a prototypic humoral pattern recognition receptor: interplay with cellular innate immunity (2008)

The innate immune system consists of a cellular arm and a humoral arm. Components of humoral immunity include diverse molecular families, which represent functional ancestors of antibodies. They play a key role as effectors and modulators of innate resistance in animals and humans, interacting with cellular innate immunity. The prototypic long pentraxin, pentraxin 3 (PTX3), represents a case in point of this interplay. Gene targeting of this evolutionarily conserved long pentraxin has unequivocally defined its role at the crossroads of innate immunity, inflammation, matrix deposition, and female fertility. Phagocytes represent a key source of this fluid-phase pattern recognition receptor, which, in turn, facilitates microbial recognition by phagocytes acting as an opsonin. Moreover, PTX3 has modulatory functions on innate immunity and inflammation. Here, we review the studies on PTX3 which emphasize the complexity and complementarity of the crosstalk between the cellular and humoral arms of innate immunity.
An overview of geometric modeling using active sensing (1988)

A brief overview is given of techniques for constructing descriptions of 3D solid objects based on active sensing, whereby scene illumination is manipulated by controlling the light source or the imaging geometry. The light source can be controlled to cast light of a certain spatial pattern to reveal the surface structure of imaged objects. The pattern can be a single point, a single line segment, a set of parallel line segments, or orthogonal grids: and this spatially encoded scene is observed from one or more camera positions. Two types of analysis are possible to relate the encoded images to the 3D configuration of objects. In the first type, the relative position of the light source and the camera is obtained through a calibration process. The correspondence of features of the projector and the image is then established. The 3D positions of the encoded surface points are recovered by means of triangulation. The second type relates the orientation of the projected stripes in the image plane to the surface orientation and structure without the correspondence of features being established.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
An in vitro reaction between lymphoid cells and target fibroblastic cells: a possible model for in vivo rejection of haemopoietic allografts. (1971)

An in vitro reaction between mouse lymphoid cells and target fibroblastic cells in wells of microtest plates is described, which appears to simulate the in vivo rejection of haemopoietic allografts. Lymphoid cells from non-immunized mice were incubated with L929 or skeletal muscle fibroblasts, the latter from mouse embryos, in 0.02 ml volumes for 18–24 hours. Cell detachment was the measure of cytotoxicity, as the remaining adherent fibroblastic cells were enumerated in plates stained with Giemsa's stain. Cytotoxicity was related to the ratio of lymphoid cells to target cells plated (250:1 was the minimal ratio resulting in consistent cell damage) and to the length of time the two cell populations were incubated together. Neither extrinsic complement nor phytohaemagglutinin was necessary for the response. The lymphoid cells remained cytotoxic following exposure to 1000 R of X-radiation and were only slightly inhibited by rabbit antimouse thymocyte serum. Lymphoid cells from suckling mice were less effective than those from adults. Cyclophosphamide treatment suppressed the function and/or numbers of effective lymphoid cells. Differentiation of competent lymphoid cells from transplanted marrow stem cells was not inhibited by previous thymectomy of the recipient mice. Lymphoid cells were not cytotoxic for syngeneic target cells and were cytotoxic for allogeneic target cells. (C3H/He × C57BL/10Cz) F(1) lymphoid cells were effective against C57BL/10Cz, but not C3H/He, target fibroblastic cells, demonstrating immunogenetic specific `hybrid resistance'.
Separation characteristics of an ejector membrane-sorption hybrid system (2014)

The energy efficiency of ejector membrane-sorption systems has been analyzed. The separation characteristics of different types of hybrid systems have been numerically investigated for oxygen enrichment of air as an example.
The calculation of transients in dynamical systems (1954)

ABSTRACT The paper shows that the calculation of transients by Tricomi's method using Laguerre functions is a practical alternative to the use of partial fractions. By taking numerical examples of Laplace transforms ranging from quadratic to sixth-power polynomials it shows that the approximation offered by this method would be acceptable for many practical uses. It analyses the composition of the coefficients of the Laguerre series, thus disclosing the conditions for quick convergence; for some transforms these conditions are not attainable.
Characterization of the measurement uncertainty of a laboratory EUV reflectometer for large optics (2006)

Quality assurance for the production of optical components for extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) strongly requires at-wavelength metrology. Initially, the at-wavelength characterization of mirrors and masks was developed using Synchrotron radiation of electron storage rings, e.g. BESSY II. For the production process of EUV optics, however, the immediate access to metrology tools is necessary and the availability of laboratory devices is mandatory. Recently, an EUV reflectometer (EUVR) for large samples has been put into Operation. It consists of a laser-produced plasma (LPP) radiation source, a monochromator and a large goniometer system. It can handle samples with diameters of up to 500 mm, thicknesses of up to 200 mm and weights of up to 30 kg. The wavelength can be varied from 10 nm to 16 nm. The spot size on the sample surface is about 2 mm in both directions. The angle of incidence can be varied from 3 deg to grazing incidence. In this paper, we describe the measurement uncertainties achieved in the EUVR with reference to measurements by the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt at its soft x-ray radiometry beamline at BESSY II. Using appropriate reference points for the wavelength calibration of the monochromator, the absolute wavelength uncertainty is below 4 pm in the spectral range from 11 nm to 15 nm. The measured peak reflectance of multilayer mirrors shows a constant offset of about 1 % absolute and is reproduced within 0.2%.
Internalization of Flax Rust Avirulence Proteins into Flax and Tobacco Cells Can Occur in the Absence of the Pathogen (2010)

Translocation of pathogen effector proteins into the host cell cytoplasm is a key determinant for the pathogenicity of many bacterial and oomycete plant pathogens. A number of secreted fungal avirulence (Avr) proteins are also inferred to be delivered into host cells, based on their intracellular recognition by host resistance proteins, including those of flax rust (Melampsora lini). Here, we show by immunolocalization that the flax rust AvrM protein is secreted from haustoria during infection and accumulates in the haustorial wall. Five days after inoculation, the AvrM protein was also detected within the cytoplasm of a proportion of plant cells containing haustoria, confirming its delivery into host cells during infection. Transient expression of secreted AvrL567 and AvrM proteins fused to cerulean fluorescent protein in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and flax cells resulted in intracellular accumulation of the fusion proteins. The rust Avr protein signal peptides were functional in plants and efficiently directed fused cerulean into the secretory pathway. Thus, these secreted effectors are internalized into the plant cell cytosol in the absence of the pathogen, suggesting that they do not require a pathogen-encoded transport mechanism. Uptake of these proteins is dependent on signals in their N-terminal regions, but the primary sequence features of these uptake regions are not conserved between different rust effectors.
Subject Options in a Comprehensive School (1973)

Summary This paper describes a practical attempt to resolve conflicting subject options of fourth‐ and fifth‐formers in comprehensive schools. The system was devised to give the greatest satisfaction of individual needs for 224 pupils, who, in addition to 16 compulsory periods, had a choice of six subjects to fill a further 24 periods each week. In all, 52 subject options were offered at three levels: GCE ‘O’ level, CSE and non‐examination courses. By the use of punched cards, the conflict between different subject groups was resolved to give 89 per cent satisfaction of pupils’ choice. Implications for a banded system, for combinations of popular subject choices and for further changes in the system, are discussed.
Limits to the Biofortification of Leafy Brassicas with Zinc (2018)

Many humans lack sufficient zinc (Zn) in their diet for their wellbeing and increasing Zn concentrations in edible produce (biofortification) can mitigate this. Recent efforts have focused on biofortifying staple crops. However, greater Zn concentrations can be achieved in leafy vegetables than in fruits, seeds, or tubers. Brassicas, such as cabbage and broccoli, are widely consumed and might provide an additional means to increase dietary Zn intake. Zinc concentrations in brassicas are limited primarily by Zn phytotoxicity. To assess the limits of Zn biofortification of brassicas, the Zn concentration in a peat:sand (v/v 75:25) medium was manipulated to examine the relationship between shoot Zn concentration and shoot dry weight (DW) and thereby determine the critical shoot Zn concentrations, defined as the shoot Zn concentration at which yield is reduced below 90%. The critical shoot Zn concentration was regarded as the commercial limit to Zn biofortification. Experiments were undertaken over six successive years. A linear relationship between Zn fertiliser application and shoot Zn concentration was observed at low application rates. Critical shoot Zn concentrations ranged from 0.074 to 1.201 mg Zn g−1 DW among cabbage genotypes studied in 2014, and between 0.117 and 1.666 mg Zn g−1 DW among broccoli genotypes studied in 2015–2017. It is concluded that if 5% of the dietary Zn intake of a population is currently delivered through brassicas, then the biofortification of brassicas from 0.057 to > 0.100 mg Zn g−1 DW through the application of Zn fertilisers could increase dietary Zn intake substantially.
On the simulation of digital optical links with EDFA's: an accurate method for estimating BER through Gaussian approximation (1997)

A new method for the semi-analytical estimation of the bit-error rate (BER) of digital optical systems is presented. It is based on system simulation and accurately considers the performance degradation caused by waveform distortion. The method profits from the simplicity of Gaussian approximation for noise statistics, though explicitly accounting for intersymbol interference (ISI) effects in noise during the BER estimation. Optically preamplified and avalanche photodiodes (APD) receivers are considered, for which signal-dependent noise components are dominant. The system parameters influence on receiver sensitivity is studied. A digital optical transmission link with a single in-line erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA) and with an EDFA chain is then analyzed. The influence of the EDFA chain characteristics on system performance is investigated: amplifier gain, noise figure and spacing are considered. The tradeoffs between EDFA parameters and system optimization are addressed.
What Is the Most Suitable Grid for Computer Perimetry in Glaucoma Patients? (1986)

100 eyes with suspected or proven glaucoma were examined with the Humphrey Field Analyzer 620 with 30-1 and 30-2 threshold tests, complementary 6 degrees grids which combine to a 4.2 degrees grid. The two tests were compared with each other in the resulting 68 pathological fields. 29 of them showed obvious differences in detection of scotomas. In 11 fields, the differences were so great that isolated consideration would have led to an incorrect staging of the glaucoma. Therefore, at present both tests should be applied in glaucoma cases. The frequency of different scotoma detection per test location was more than 10 times higher in the center than in the periphery. It is suggested that a program is developed with a 3 degrees grid within 10 degrees eccentricity, a 4.2 degrees grid between 10 degrees and 20 degrees and a 6 degrees grid between 20 degrees and 30 degrees eccentricity.
In vivo evaluation of a novel scaffold for artificial corneas prepared by using ultrahigh hydrostatic pressure to decellularize porcine corneas. (2009)

Porcine corneal stroma completely decellularized by the UHP method has extremely high biocompatibility and is a possible corneal scaffold for an artificial cornea.
Nuclear pharmacy, Part II: Nuclear pharmacy practice today. (2000)

Nuclear pharmacy is a specialty within the profession of pharmacy that focuses on the proper use of radiopharmaceuticals. This article reviews various features of contemporary nuclear pharmacy practice. After reading this article the nuclear medicine technologist should be able to: (a) describe nuclear pharmacy training and certification; (b) discuss nuclear pharmacy practice settings; (c) discuss nuclear pharmacy practice activities; (d) list professional organizations; and (e) describe activities associated with job satisfaction. In addition, the reader should be able to discuss regulatory issues of current concern.
High perceptual quality and robust color image watermarking scheme using Julian set patterns inDWT-SVD (2012)

In this paper, we propose a non-blind color image watermarking scheme which use Julian set patterns and Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) in Discrete Wavelet Transformation (DWT) domain. Four watermark image patterns are generated using the Julian set pattern functions with different input parameters such as coefficients of function, an initial point and the number of iterations. These parameters will be used as the key in embedding and extraction algorithms. The cover image is processed in Red, Green, Blue (R,G,B) space to embed the watermark. The one level DWT decomposition is applied on the B (Blue) channel of cover image. The singular values of different subband coefficients of B channel are altered using wide range of scaling factors to embed the singular values of watermarks. Four watermark images are embedded into four subbands of B channel
which is very difficult to remove or destroy. The combinations of DWT-SVD and Julian set patterns increases the security, robustness and imperceptibility of the watermarked image. The robustness and perceptual quality of the watermarked image is analyzed considering different types of image processing attacks.