gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cooperative effects of interleukin-3 (IL-3), IL-5, and granulocyte- macrophage colony-stimulating factor: a new myeloid cell line inducible to eosinophils (1993)

Abstract The cytokines interleukin-3 (IL-3); IL-5, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) are known to contribute to the proliferation and differentiation of eosinophil progenitors. Recently, it was determined that the cellular receptors for these three cytokines share a common beta-chain while having unique alpha-chains. Thus, there is considerable interest in how these cytokines and their receptors interact in promoting production of eosinophils. We have established a cell line (AML14) from a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia that will consistently exhibit eosinophilic differentiation in suspension in response to IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF. Proliferation with only modest differentiative effects was observed in response to a single cytokine. Combinations of two cytokines gave variable results, with GM-CSF + IL-3 and IL-3 + IL-5 causing more proliferation than a single cytokine but little more differentiation. The combination of GM-CSF + IL-5 caused marked enhancement of eosinophilic differentiation with only modest augmentation of proliferation. The combination of all three cytokines was most effective in stimulating both proliferation and eosinophilic differentiation (up to 70% of cells) of AML14 cells. Specific binding of GM-CSF and IL-5 to AML14 cells can be conveniently studied by flow cytometric methods, and cross-competition of these two cytokines for their respective receptors was demonstrated. IL-3 was shown to partially compete for IL-5 binding on AML14 cells. Although specific IL- 3 binding could not be demonstrated by flow cytometry, mRNA for the alpha-chains of the IL-3, IL-5, and GM-CSF receptors and the beta-chain common to all three receptors was detected in AML14 cells. The AML14 cell line may be a useful model for the study of cooperative interactions of IL-3, IL-5, GM-CSF, and their respective receptors in the promotion of eosinophil progenitor growth and differentiation.
Evidence regarding an effect of marine n‐3 fatty acids on preterm birth: a systematic review and meta‐analysis (2011)

Marine n-3 fatty acids administered in pregnancy reduce the rate of preterm birth and increase birthweight.
Preparation of new chiral borane-protected P,N-ferrocenyl ligands via a methoxy directedortho-lithiation (2000)

We have shown that the readily prepared (ferrocenyl)benzylic methyl ethers of type 1 can be ortho-metalated with tert-BuLi with high diastereoselectivity. This reaction has been used to prepare new borane-protected P,N-substituted ferrocenes of type 2 in high diastereomeric and enantiomeric purity. The chiral heterocyclic aminophosphines 2 may be of interest as chelating ligands for asymmetric metal catalysis.
Call scheduling algorithms in a multicast switch (1992)

Multicast switching is emerging as a new switching technology that can provide efficient transport in a broadband network for video and other multipoint communication services. The authors develop and analyze call scheduling algorithms for a multicast switch. In particular, they examine two general classes of scheduling algorithms: call packing algorithms and call splitting algorithms. The performance improvement by the call packing algorithms examined is shown to be negligible. In contrast, the call splitting algorithms can provide significantly lower blocking by reducing the level of output port contention. However, excessive call splitting could degrade performance because of the additional load introduced to the input ports. The authors present a simple call splitting algorithm called greedy splitting which achieves near-optimal performance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Replication of ICP0-Null Mutant Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Is Restricted by both PML and Sp100 (2007)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) mutants that fail to express the viral immediate-early protein ICP0 have a pronounced defect in viral gene expression and plaque formation in limited-passage human fibroblasts. ICP0 is a RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase that induces the degradation of several cellular proteins. PML, the organizer of cellular nuclear substructures known as PML nuclear bodies or ND10, is one of the most notable proteins that is targeted by ICP0. Depletion of PML from human fibroblasts increases ICP0-null mutant HSV-1 gene expression, but not to wild-type levels. In this study, we report that depletion of Sp100, another major ND10 protein, results in a similar increase in ICP0-null mutant gene expression and that simultaneous depletion of both proteins complements the mutant virus to a greater degree. Although chromatin assembly and modification undoubtedly play major roles in the regulation of HSV-1 infection, we found that inhibition of histone deacetylase activity with trichostatin A was unable to complement the defect of ICP0-null mutant HSV-1 in either normal or PML-depleted human fibroblasts. These data lend further weight to the hypothesis that ND10 play an important role in the regulation of HSV-1 gene expression.
Intrusion Detection using Bit Timing Characteristics for CAN Bus (2019)

In today's world, most automobiles use Controller Area Network (CAN) bus for communication between various Electronic Control Units (ECUs), also called nodes on the CAN bus. Each ECU on the CAN bus is a microcontroller that sends a unique identifier used for node identification. It is possible to spoof node A by sending the same identifier through node B and thereby control node A. Thus, a hacker can control the steering using the car's internal lights and render it ineffective or misuse them. In order to combat this, we try to fingerprint each node by identifying its identifier's unique bit timing characteristics. To that extent, bit timing characteristics used are the Time of Flight (TOF) intervals between successive rising edges of identifier bits, for an ECU. Similarly, other characteristics such as TOF between successive falling edges of the CAN bus node identifier can also be used for node classification. In order to measure these TOFs, we use a device called Time-to-Digital Convertor, which essentially triggers a ring oscillator to measure time values between rising/falling edges of a signal, to the order of picosecond accuracy. These timing values are used as features into the K-nearest neighbors (KNN) classifier algorithm. Once the classifier is trained, it can be used to predict a new timing value into a particular node category, which if different from the expected category is a sign of compromise or intrusion. It is seen that we achieve 95% accuracy of correctly predicting the compromised node under simulation tests. Thereafter, the thesis deals with experimentally predicting an intrusion in the CAN bus system utilizing EPOS Studio CAN bus position controller for Maxon motors. The clock timings being extremely accurate leads to the conclusion that employment of better statistical techniques for node characterization is needed for intrusion detection, which is outside the scope of this work.
Privacy-preserving data-oblivious geometric algorithms for geographic data (2010)

We give efficient data-oblivious algorithms for several fundamental geometric problems that are relevant to geographic information systems, including planar convex hulls and all-nearest neighbors. Our methods are "data-oblivious" in that they don't perform any data-dependent operations, with the exception of operations performed inside low-level blackbox circuits having a constant number of inputs and outputs. Thus, an adversary who observes the control flow of one of our algorithms, but who cannot see the inputs and outputs to the blackbox circuits, cannot learn anything about the input or output. This behavior makes our methods applicable to secure multiparty computation (SMC) protocols for geographic data used in location-based services. In SMC protocols, multiple parties wish to perform a computation on their combined data without revealing individual data to the other parties. For instance, our methods can be used to solve a problem posed by Du and Atallah, where Alice has a set, A, of m private points in the plane, Bob has another set, B, of n private points in the plane, and Alice and Bob want to jointly compute the convex hull of A ∪ B without disclosing any more information than what can be derived from the answer. In particular, neither Alice nor Bob want to reveal any of their respective points that are in the interior of the convex hull of A ∪ B.
Blind estimation of perceptual quality for modern speech communications (2009)

Modern speech communication technologies expose users to perceptual quality degradations that were not experienced earlier with conventional telephone systems.Since perceived speech quality is a major contributor to the end user's perception of quality of service, speech quality estimation has become an important research field.In this dissertation, perceptual quality estimators are proposed for several emerging speech communication applications, in particular for i) wireless communications with noise suppression capabilities, ii) wireless-VoIP communications, iii) far-field hands-free speech communications, and iv) text-to-speech systems.First, a general-purpose speech quality estimator is proposed based on statistical models of normative speech behaviour and on innovative techniques to detect multiple signal distortions.The estimators do not depend on a clean reference signal hence are termed "blind."Quality meters are then distributed along the network chain to allow for both quality degradations and quality enhancements to be handled.In order to improve estimation performance for wireless communications, statistical models of noise-suppressed speech are also incorporated.Next, a hybrid signal-and-link-parametric quality estimation paradigm is proposed for emerging wireless-VoIP communications.The algorithm uses VoIP connection parameters to estimate a base quality representative of the packet switching network.i Signal-based distortions are then detected and quantified in order to adjust the base quality accordingly.The proposed hybrid methodology is shown to overcome the limitations of existing pure signal-based and pure link parametric algorithms.Temporal dynamics information is then investigated for quality diagnosis for hands-free speech communications.A spectro-temporal signal representation, where speech and reverberation tail components are shown to be separable, is used for blind characterization of room acoustics.In particular, estimators of reverberation time, direct-to-reverberation energy ratio, and reverberant speech quality are developed.Lastly, perceptual quality estimation for text-to-speech systems is addressed.Textand speaker-independent hidden Markov models, trained on naturally produced speech, are used to capture normative spectral-temporal information.Deviations from the models, computed by means of a log-likelihood measure, are shown to be reliable indicators of multiple quality attributes including naturalness, fluency, and intelligibility.
Activation of the prolactin receptor but not the growth hormone receptor is important for induction of mammary tumors in transgenic mice. (1997)

Transgenic mice overexpressing the human growth hormone gene develop mammary carcinomas. Since human growth hormone gene can activate both the growth hormone receptor (GHR) and the prolactin (PRL) receptor (PRLR), it is not clear which receptor system is responsible for the malignant transformation. To clarify the receptor specificity, we created transgenic mice with two different genes: (a) transgenic mice overexpressing the bovine growth hormone (bGH) gene having high levels of bGH only activating the GHR and also high serum levels of IGF-I; and (b) transgenic mice overexpressing the rat PRL (rPRL) gene that have elevated levels of PRL (one line 150 ng/ml and one line 13 ng/ml) only binding to the PRLR and with normal IGF-I levels. When analyzed histologically, all of the PRL transgenic female mice developed mammary carcinomas at 11-15 mo of age. Only normal mammary tissue was observed among the bGH transgenic animals and the controls. Cell lines established from a tumor produced rPRL and expressed PRLR. In organ culture experiments, an auto/paracrine effect of rPRL was demonstrated. In conclusion, activation of the PRLR is sufficient for induction of mammary carcinomas in mice, while activation of the GHR is not sufficient for mammary tumor formation.
Thioredoxin, the Processivity Factor, Sequesters an Exposed Cysteine in the Thumb Domain of Bacteriophage T7 DNA Polymerase (2012)

Gene 5 protein (gp5) of bacteriophage T7 is a non-processive DNA polymerase. It achieves processivity by binding to Escherichia coli thioredoxin (trx). gp5/trx complex binds tightly to a primer-DNA template enabling the polymerization of hundreds of nucleotides per binding event. gp5 contains 10 cysteines. Under non-reducing condition, exposed cysteines form intermolecular disulfide linkages resulting in the loss of polymerase activity. No disulfide linkage is detected when Cys-275 and Cys-313 are replaced with serines. Cys-275 and Cys-313 are located on loop A and loop B of the thioredoxin binding domain, respectively. Replacement of either cysteine with serine (gp5-C275S, gp5-C313S) drastically decreases polymerase activity of gp5 on dA(350)/dT(25). On this primer-template gp5/trx in which Cys-313 or Cys-275 is replaced with serine have 50 and 90%, respectively, of the polymerase activity observed with wild-type gp5/trx. With single-stranded M13 DNA as a template gp5-C275S/trx retains 60% of the polymerase activity of wild-type gp5/trx. In contrast, gp5-C313S/trx has only one-tenth of the polymerase activity of wild-type gp5/trx on M13 DNA. Both wild-type gp5/trx and gp5-C275S/trx catalyze the synthesis of the entire complementary strand of M13 DNA, whereas gp5-C313S/trx has difficulty in synthesizing DNA through sites of secondary structure. gp5-C313S fails to form a functional complex with trx as measured by the apparent binding affinity as well as by the lack of a physical interaction with thioredoxin during hydroxyapatite-phosphate chromatography. Small angle x-ray scattering reveals an elongated conformation of gp5-C313S in comparison to a compact and spherical conformation of wild-type gp5.
The NPIY motif in the integrin β1 tail dictates the requirement for talin-1 in outside-in signaling (2010)

Protein interactions with the integrin beta-subunit cytoplasmic domain (beta-tail) are essential for adhesion-dependent processes, including cell spreading and the connection of integrins with actin filaments at adhesion sites. Talin-1 binds to the conserved membrane-proximal NPxY motif of beta-tails (NPIY in beta1 integrin) promoting the inside-out activation of integrins and providing a linkage between integrins and the actin cytoskeleton. Here, we characterize the role of interactions between talin-1 and beta-tail downstream of integrin activation, in the context of recombinant integrins containing either the wild type (WT) or the (YA) mutant beta1A tail, with a tyrosine to alanine substitution in the NPIY motif. In addition to inhibiting integrin activation, the YA mutation suppresses cell spreading, integrin signaling, focal adhesion and stress-fiber formation, as well as microtubule assembly. Constitutive activation of the mutant integrin restores these integrin-dependent processes, bringing into question the importance of the NPIY motif downstream of integrin activation. Depletion of talin-1 using TLN1 siRNA demonstrated that talin-1 is required for cell spreading, focal adhesion and stress-fiber formation, as well as microtubule assembly, even when cells are adhered by constitutively activated WT integrins. Depletion of talin-1 does not inhibit these processes when cells are adhered by constitutively activated mutant integrins, suggesting that the binding of an inhibitory protein to the NPIY motif negatively regulates integrin function when talin-1 is depleted. We identified filamin A (FLNa) as this inhibitory protein; it binds to the beta1A tail in an NPIY-dependent manner and inhibition of FLNa expression in talin-1-depleted cells restores integrin function when cells are adhered by constitutively activated WT integrins. FLNa binds FilGAP, which is a negative regulator of Rac activation. Expression of the dominant inhibitory mutant, FilGAP(DeltaGAP), which lacks GAP activity restores spreading in cells adhered by constitutively activated integrins containing the beta1A tail, but not by integrins containing the beta1D tail, which is known to bind poorly to FLNa. Together, these results suggest that the binding of talin-1 to the NPIY motif is required downstream of integrin activation to promote cell spreading by preventing the inappropriate recruitment of FLNa and FilGAP to the beta1A tail. Our studies emphasize the importance of understanding the mechanisms that regulate the differential binding FLNa and talin-1 to the beta1 tail downstream of integrin activation in promoting integrin function.
Elastin: genomic structure and point mutations in patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis (1997)

We describe the complete exon-intron structure of the human elastin (ELN) gene located at chromosome 7q11.23. There are 34 exons occupying approximately 47 kb of genomic DNA. All exons are in-frame, allowing exon skipping without disrupting the reading frame. Microsatellites are located in introns 17 and 18. Deletions of all or large parts of the ELN gene have been previously reported in two patients with supravalvular aortic stenosis (SVAS), and SVAS is also a frequent feature of Williams syndrome, where patients are hemizygous for ELN. We list primer pairs for amplifying each exon, with flanking intron, from genomic DNA to allow detection of point mutations in the ELN gene. We show that some patients with isolated SVAS have point mutations that are predicted to lead to premature chain termination. Knowledge of the genomic structure will allow more extensive mutation screening in genomic DNA of patients with SVAS and other conditions.
Frequency of eruptions at New Zealand volcanoes (1985)

This paper reviews the nature and history of activity and the extent of risk at 14 volcanoes and volcanic centres in New Zealand and the Kermadec Islands. Mean intervals between eruptions are calculated, or estimated by extrapolation, for eight classes of eruption, represented by order of magnitude volume increases from 104m3 to 1011m3 (100 km3) Expected property losses in eruptions, divided by the approximate mean intervals, allow risk to be apportioned on an annual basis. In real terms the rhyolite volcanoes, between Kawerau/Lake Rotorua and the southern end of Lake Taupo, are easily the most destructive. Annually apportioned, however, the risk is highest for an eruption of about 107m3 at Mt Egmont. Cumulative volumes erupted with time are estimated for most of the volcanoes and, where possible, average rates of magma accumulation and subsequent eruption have been estimated. This enables any shortfall between the actual volumes erupted, and the expected volumes, to be estimated, thus giving a measure of eruption potential at the present time. This varies for different volcanoes, from about 0.04 km3 up to several hundred cubic kilometres. The time elapsed since the last eruption, divided by the mean frequency for that class of eruption, gives an idea of the likelihood of further activity, although the usefulness of the results is limited by large standard deviations. In the short term, less than 100 years, an eruption of 107m3 at Mt Egmont again emerges as the most likely damaging event. In the medium term, of the order of a few hundred years, an eruption of c.1 km3 in the Okataina-Rotorua area, or in the district between Lake Taupo and Rotorua, becomes probable. The data on which the conclusions are based, together with the mean intervals accepted, and the times elapsed since the last eruptions, are given in Appendices, so that the nature of the facts, and hence a wide perspective on volcanic activity in New Zealand, can be the better appreciated. The picture is one of volcanoes dormant for long periods of time, with great destructive potential, any of which could awaken at any time.
Effects of swift heavy ion bombardment on magnetic tunnel junction functional properties (2003)

In this article, we report on recent irradiation experiments on magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJ) using either light (C, O) or heavy (Ni) ion beams with energies in the range of 10 MeV/A. For all ions, albeit with different fluence thresholds, the tunnel magnetoresistance decreases irreversibly with increasing ion fluence, with conversely little or no impact on overall resistance. This can only be explained by a modification of the alumina barrier stoechiometry, rather than by interdiffusion. Measurements on irradiated so-called “spin-mirrors” sheet films show that AlOx/metal interface is altered by radiations. Finally, it is shown that MTJs are not a fortiori insensible to swift heavy ion bombardment.
Eigen-image based video segmentation and indexing (2002)

We present a new approach for automatic video scene segmentation and content based indexing. Our approach detects video shots and builds a collection of key frames and representative frames. Scene segmentation and video indexing are based on a temporally windowed principal component analysis of a subsampled version of the video sequence. Two discriminants are derived from the principal components on a frame by frame basis. The discriminants are used for scene change detection and key frame extraction and classification into relevant clips. The system creates an adjacency matrix to build the scene transition graph. The scene transition graph allows easy access to video image-based information.
A discrete approach to the modeling of power electronic switching networks (1990)

An approach to time-domain analysis and modeling of power electronic circuits is described. All circuit components (including active and passive elements) are modeled in a discrete manner by transmission-line sections using the transmission-line modeling (TLM) method. This method requires a fixed system matrix which depends only upon the circuit configuration and time step and not on the switching states of the circuit. Since this method adopts a discrete approach, it provides an exact solution to the discrete model and is stable even for stiff networks. Errors are due to the modeling process only and not to the approximate solution of an approximate calculus model. A simulation on a switched-mode power supply is used to illustrate the modeling method, and the simulated results are compared with measurements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Repeated ambulatory monitoring reveals a Monday morning surge in blood pressure in a community-dwelling population (2004)

Morning BP surge was the greatest on Monday in a community-dwelling population. This may be in accord with clinical evidence that cardiovascular events more frequently occur in the morning on Monday.
Ink-Jet-Printed Organic Semiconductor Distributed Feedback Laser (2012)

Ink-jet-printed organic distributed feedback (DFB) lasers are realized by employing light-emitting copolymer and suitable organic solvents to meet the demands of printability and optical amplification in a nanopatterned conjugated polymer slab waveguide. We demonstrate the accurate lateral positioning of ink-jet-printed patches of the gain material on a polymer substrate with 500×500 µm2 grating areas. We also printed patches of large lateral dimension of 6 mm2 on a silica grating. The high uniformity of the film thickness leads to a laser wavelength variation of less than 3 nm over the whole area.