gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A very small sub-binary radix DAC for static pseudo-analog high-precision memory (2003)

A sub-binary radix digital-to-analog converter (DAC) which achieves high effective resolution in a small VLSI area is demonstrated and is shown to be especially well suited for certain static analog memory applications, including tunable analog circuits. An intentional sub-binary radix is used to create a redundant number system with radix less than two, while still using normal binary coefficients (on/off control). A current mode DAC with greater than ten bits effective resolution is implemented in only 41 mil/sup 2/ area in a 2 mu CMOS technology. A simple iterative algorithm to control (set) these nonlinear and nonmonotonic DACs is detailed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
New Hybrid Error Concealment for Digital Compressed Video (2005)

Transmission of a compressed video signal over a lossy communication network exposes the information to losses and errors, which leads to significant visible errors in the reconstructed frames at the decoder side. In this paper we present a new hybrid error concealment algorithm for compressed video sequences, based on temporal and spatial concealment methods. We describe spatial and temporal techniques for the recovery of lost blocks. In particular, we develop postprocessing techniques for the reconstruction of missing or damaged macroblocks. A new decision support tree is developed to efficiently choose the best appropriate error concealment method, according to the spatial and temporal characteristics of the sequence. The proposed algorithm is compared to three error concealment methods: spatial, temporal, and a previous hybrid approach using different noise levels. The results are evaluated using four quality measures. We show that our error concealment scheme outperforms all the other three methods for all the tested video sequences.
RNA expression profiling at the single molecule level (2006)

We developed a microarray platform for PCR amplification-independent expression profiling of minute samples. A novel scanning system combined with specialized biochips enables detection down to individual fluorescent oligonucleotide molecules specifically hybridized to their complementary sequence over the entire biochip surface of cm2 size. A detection limit of 1.3 fM target oligonucleotide concentration--corresponding to only 39,000 molecules in the sample solution--and a dynamic range of 4.7 orders of magnitude have been achieved. The applicability of the system to PCR amplification-independent gene-expression profiling of minute samples was demonstrated by complex hybridization of cDNA derived from the equivalent of only 10(4) cells, which matches results obtained in ensemble studies on large samples. By counting each hybridized molecule on the microarray, the method is insusceptible to gene-specific variations of the labeling, thereby representing a principle advance to conventional ensemble-based microarray analysis.
Distribution and fatty acid composition of phosphoglycerides in normal human brain (1968)

A thin-layer chromatographic procedure for the isolation of tissue phospholipids and their subsequent analysis is described. The method has been applied to the determination of the fatty acids of phosphoglycerides in human brain from the early fetal stage to old age. The study shows changes in the distribution and fatty acid composition of each phosphoglyceride in normal brain, although they are quite small after early childhood. A lipid-specific fatty acid pattern for each of the four major phosphoglycerides was found. Besides this, the pronounced differences between fatty acids of the lipids from the cerebral cortex and from the adjacent white matter justify speaking of a tissue-specific fatty acid pattern for brain phosphoglycerides. The phospholipids of cerebral white matter contained more monoenoic acid but much less polyunsaturated fatty acid than those of cerebral cortex. The brain phosphoglycerides also showed an age-dependent fatty acid pattern. With increasing age the concentration of the fatty acids of the linoleate family diminished while that of the linolenate family increased. Brain inositol phosphoglycerides, the fatty acid composition of which has not been studied systematically before, were characterized by a large concentration of arachidonate which was nearly as high for white as for gray matter and showed only small changes with age.
Some Difficulties in the Collection of Records (1930)

Some Difficulties in the Collection of Records Stewart G. Thompson CopyRight*Read before the Vital Statistics Section of the American Public Health Association at the Fifty-eighth Annual Meeting at Minneapolis, Minn., October 2, 1929. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.20.2.161 Published Online: August 29, 2011
KRAS interaction with RAF1 RAS-binding domain and cysteine-rich domain provides insights into RAS-mediated RAF activation (2021)

The first step of RAF activation involves binding to active RAS, resulting in the recruitment of RAF to the plasma membrane. To understand the molecular details of RAS-RAF interaction, we present crystal structures of wild-type and oncogenic mutants of KRAS complexed with the RAS-binding domain (RBD) and the membrane-interacting cysteine-rich domain (CRD) from the N-terminal regulatory region of RAF1. Our structures reveal that RBD and CRD interact with each other to form one structural entity in which both RBD and CRD interact extensively with KRAS. Mutations at the KRAS-CRD interface result in a significant reduction in RAF1 activation despite only a modest decrease in binding affinity. Combining our structures and published data, we provide a model of RAS-RAF complexation at the membrane, and molecular insights into RAS-RAF interaction during the process of RAS-mediated RAF activation.
Near BER optimal partial response codes (2005)

Partial response signaling (PRS) codes with maximal minimum Euclidean distance have previously been found by linear programming. These perform very well in the narrowband-high energy region, but they were not optimized for minimal bit error rate (BER), so they are only optimal in the limit of infinite signal to noise ratio. Here we search for codes that perform better for more practical signal to noise ratios. The BER objective function is no longer linear, but it is still convex
Web-Based, Participant-Driven Studies Yield Novel Genetic Associations for Common Traits (2010)

Despite the recent rapid growth in genome-wide data, much of human variation remains entirely unexplained. A significant challenge in the pursuit of the genetic basis for variation in common human traits is the efficient, coordinated collection of genotype and phenotype data. We have developed a novel research framework that facilitates the parallel study of a wide assortment of traits within a single cohort. The approach takes advantage of the interactivity of the Web both to gather data and to present genetic information to research participants, while taking care to correct for the population structure inherent to this study design. Here we report initial results from a participant-driven study of 22 traits. Replications of associations (in the genes OCA2, HERC2, SLC45A2, SLC24A4, IRF4, TYR, TYRP1, ASIP, and MC1R) for hair color, eye color, and freckling validate the Web-based, self-reporting paradigm. The identification of novel associations for hair morphology (rs17646946, near TCHH; rs7349332, near WNT10A; and rs1556547, near OFCC1), freckling (rs2153271, in BNC2), the ability to smell the methanethiol produced after eating asparagus (rs4481887, near OR2M7), and photic sneeze reflex (rs10427255, near ZEB2, and rs11856995, near NR2F2) illustrates the power of the approach.
Importance of Hydrodynamic Considerations for Underwater Vehicle Design (1986)

Proper hydrodynamic design is necessary in order to achieve the effective performance of an underwater vehicle. An incorrect shape can cause excessive drag, noise, and instability even at low speeds. This paper explains how a reasonable hydrodynamic design can result in low drag and noise with minimum compromise in volume, and reduced development and production costs. Rules-of-thumb and simplified automated programs are discussed to predict the drag, stability and noise, as well as the speed corresponding to the inception of cavitation. Detailed computer programs are identified for those who require the best shape and hydrodynamic characteristics possible. After a brief overview of how hydrodynamics affects underwater vehicle performance, this paper suggests methods for estimating the drag as a function of speed, shape and size. The inception of cavitation is explained along with a simple method for predicting it as a function of speed, shape, and depth. The instability of bluff body shapes is discussed with simplified formulae for predicting the magnitude and frequency of oscillation. Computer programs are identified that define the external shape as well as the shape of fairings that minimize drag, noise, and cavitation. The paper concludes with a discussion of hydrodynamic stability and references literature that defines simple formulae which estimate the size, shape and placement of control surfaces.
Stimulatory effects of ascorbic acid on hyaluronic acid synthesis of in vitro cultured normal and glaucomatous trabecular meshwork cells of the human eye. (1993)

The outflow of aqueous humor of the primate eye occurs across the filter system of the trabecular meshwork (TM) into Schlemm's canal. Cells of TM derived from a normal (TM-N-cells) and a glaucomatous human eye (TM-G-cells) were established in monolayer culture. The present comparative experiments were performed with cells kept in a defined serum-free medium (the aqueous humor is nearly protein-free!). Under these conditions the cells stay alive for several months in a non-proliferating state. TM-G-cells exhibited a lower synthesis rate of glycosaminoglycans-especially of hyaluronic acid (HA)--than TM-N-cells. Addition of 50-200 micrograms/ml ascorbic acid (the aqueous humor is characterized by a high ascorbic acid concentration of about 150 micrograms/ml) to the culture medium resulted in a significant dose-dependent stimulation of HA-synthesis and secretion, which was relatively stronger in case of TM-G-cells than with TM-N-cells. Thus, the results suggest a role of ascorbic acid in the probably membrane-localized HA-synthesis. Functions of ascorbic acid and HA for the morphological and functional integrity of the TM-cells in vitro and the outflow apparatus in vivo were discussed.
J. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 69-71 (2005)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVAddition/CorrectionNEXTJ. Chem. Educ. 2004, 81, 69-71Deborah A. Moore-Russo and José E. Cortés-Figueroa View Author InformationGraduate School of Education, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260Organometallic Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Puerto Rico, Mayagüez, PR 00681-9019Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 2005, 82, 8, 1151Publication Date (Web):August 1, 2005Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 August 2005Published inissue 1 August 2005https://doi.org/10.1021/ed082p1151.2RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (50 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Infections in patients with diabetes mellitus: A review of pathogenesis (2012)

In general, infectious diseases are more frequent and/or serious in patients with diabetes mellitus, which potentially increases their morbimortality. The greater frequency of infections in diabetic patients is caused by the hyperglycemic environment that favors immune dysfunction (e.g., damage to the neutrophil function, depression of the antioxidant system, and humoral immunity), micro- and macro-angiopathies, neuropathy, decrease in the antibacterial activity of urine, gastrointestinal and urinary dysmotility, and greater number of medical interventions in these patients. The infections affect all organs and systems. Some of these problems are seen mostly in diabetic people, such as foot infections, malignant external otitis, rhinocerebral mucormycosis, and gangrenous cholecystitis. In addition to the increased morbidity, infectious processes may be the first manifestation of diabetes mellitus or the precipitating factors for complications inherent to the disease, such as diabetic ketoacidosis and hypoglycemia. Immunization with anti-pneumococcal and influenza vaccines is recommended to reduce hospitalizations, deaths, and medical expenses.
Establishment of a Rabbit Short-Term Dry Eye Model (1995)

The dry eye syndrome is a chronic disease which can become a serious threat to useful vision. However, there is only a limited understanding regarding effective treatment or prevention of this disease. Establishing an effective mode of treatment requires the use of a satisfactory animal dry eye model. Ideally, such a model should rapidly determine the effectiveness of agents that inhibit the damaging effects of this syndrome. This paper presents a short-term dry eye model using rabbits, which combines mechanical prevention of blinking and methylene blue staining. This model is not intended to be a precise representation of the dry eye syndrome, since this disorder has recently become recognized to involve a primary pathological process of the corneal and conjunctival epithelium. However, by using this model, clinical signs of dry eye can be observed after a few hours in the form of acute desiccation. Corneal damage can easily be evaluated both qualitatively by methylene blue staining scores, and quantitatively by chronic assay. Visually observed corneal epithelial thinning was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to be due to loss of epithelial integrity. Using a 3% chondroitin sulfate solution, an already proven effective agent for dry eye, this model effectively demonstrated an 80% inhibition in the development of methylene blue positive lesion after a period of only 2 hours. This short term dry eye model is valuable in primarily screening the efficacy of potential therapeutic agents in the prevention and treatment of dry eye.
Unraveling Public Good Games: The Role of Priors (2010)

This paper provides experimental evidence on how players predict end game effects in a linear public good game. Our regression analysis yields a measure of the relative importance of priors and signals on subjects\\' beliefs on contributions and allow us to conclude that, firstly, the weight of the signal is relatively unimportant, while priors have a large weight and, secondly, priors are the same for all periods. Hence, subjects do not expect end game effects and there is very little updating of beliefs.
Self Calibration In Presence Of Correlated Discrete Sources (1998)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Rhodes, Greece, 1998
Preferential release of one daughter cell during division of immobilized chinese hamster ovary cells (1995)

Abstract Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells were attached to tiny adhesive sites in poly‐2‐hydroxyethyl methacrylate(polyHEMA‐) coated glass, and their divison properties were examined. The adhesive sites were produced by placing a metal mask, containing 8‐μm‐diameter holes arranged in a regular pattern, on top of the coated glass and exposing the sandwich to glow discharge treatment. This treatment produced an ordered array of circular cavities in the polyHEMA down to the glass. These adhesive sites were smaller in diameter than a newborn CHO cell, so that, upon division, there would theoretically be room for only one of the two new daughter cells to remain attached. It was found that individual CHO cells attached to, and grew upon, the sites, and that division normally resulted in the releas of one of the two new daughters. It is concluded that this culture technique has applications in research on the mammalian cell cycle, cell partitioning, and cellular senescence. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Increased Expression of Functional Fas-Ligand in Activated T Cells from Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1997)

The Fas ligand induces apoptosis upon binding to Fas/APO-1 (CD95) bearing target cells. Activation induced cell death (AICD) in T cells is mediated by upregulation of Fas ligand on the cell surface membrane upon crosslinking of the TCR. AICD is considered to be essential for the elimination of autoreactive T cells in the peripheral blood. To elucidate possible abnormalities in the process of AICD in human SLE, we studied the expression and function of Fas ligand in polyclonal T cell lines from patients with SLE, patients with other rheumatic diseases and normal controls. SLE T cells expressed on their surface significantly higher amounts of Fas ligand compared to the two control groups. Stimulation of the cells with anti-CD3 mAb lead to further increase in surface membrane Fas ligand expression in all three groups with SLE expressing the highest amounts. The percentage of increase was though lower in SLE T cells than in normal T cells or disease control cells. The T cells were examined for Fas ligand-mediated cytotoxicity in a 51Cr release assay using Fas-expressing normal T cells as target cells. There was no difference in SLE and control T cells with regard to specific 51Cr lysis, indicating that the Fas ligand expressed by the SLE T cells is functional. Our data show that activated T cells from patients with SLE express high amounts of functional Fas ligand with intact TCR-mediated upregulation. This could account for the high apoptotic rates that have been observed in lymphocytes from patients with SLE.
Supported Graphene from Natural Resources: Easy Preparation and Applications (2011)

Abstract Recent results demonstrating the possibility of preparing graphene‐like materials from natural resources such as sucrose (table sugar) and gelatin assembled to silica‐based porous solids without a requirement for reducing agents are discussed. The resulting materials show interesting characteristics, such as simultaneous conducting behavior afforded by the sp 2 carbon sheets, together with chemical reactivity and structural features, provided by the silicate backbone, which are of interest for diverse high‐performance applications. The formation mechanism of supported graphene is still unclear, with further studies being needed to optimize its preparation following these green processes.
Analysis and Compensation of Sampling-Delay Error in Single Current Sensor Method for PMSM Drives (2021)

In single current sensor (SCS) methods, different phase currents should be acquired sequentially under the duration time of specific voltage vectors within each switching period. The sampling asynchronization caused due to sampling delay will inevitably result in the increase of phase current reconstruction error and deteriorate the control performance. According to the fundamental expression formula of three-phase currents in permanent magnet synchronous motor drives, the sampling-delay error (SDE) occurring in the traditional SCS techniques is analyzed in this article. It is demonstrated that the error oscillates at the stator electrical frequency, with the amplitude affected by both the switching frequency and motor speed. Correspondingly, a novel compensation method based on a <i>δ–γ</i> reference frame is presented. There is a simple proportional relationship between <i>δ</i>- and <i>γ</i>-axis error component after filtering the ac component by a notch filter. As a result, the SDE can be easily eliminated without extra complex compensation algorithms introduced. The prominent feature of the proposed method is that it is developed without necessity of motor parameters when compared with previous compensation techniques, making it a more robust solution. Several experimental results are provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
ABC Triblock Copolymers/Epoxy−Diamine Blends. 1. Keys To Achieve Nanostructured Thermosets (2002)

Epoxy thermoset blended with polystyrene-block-polybutadiene-block-poly(methyl methacrylate) triblock copolymers have been investigated before and after the epoxy−amine reaction, coupling different techniques: dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Before reaction, the three blocks self-organize on a nanometer scale, in PS spheres surrounded by PB nodules while the PMMA blocks are solubilized with the epoxy precursors, forming a swollen corona. Using MCDEA as hardener, the domain sizes were found not to be affected throughout the network formation. The final structure is composed of undiluted PS and PB blocks forming a “spheres on spheres” morphology, most of the PMMA chain remaining embedded in the epoxy network. A partial deswelling of the PMMA brush does occur during the epoxy−amine reaction, resulting in a pure PMMA phase. This phase, evidenced by DMTA, is most likely located at the vicinity of the interface with the PB microdomains. On the other hand, using DDS as hardener induces the phase separation of the PMMA blocks in the early stages of reaction, leading to flocculated, micrometer size elongated nanostructures and opalescent materials. Transparent nanostructurated thermosets were obtained when the following requirement was met: that the PMMA homopolymer remained soluble within the growing thermoset polymer during the whole reaction. The effects of “impurities” on the triblock behavior have also been studied and compared to the effects of “impurities” on a diblock behavior.
Synthesis of SnO<sub>2</sub> and ZnO Colloidal Nanocrystals from the Decomposition of Tin(II) 2-Ethylhexanoate and Zinc(II) 2-Ethylhexanoate (2005)

We report for the first time the nonhydrolytic synthesis of soluble SnO2 nanocrystals, by the decomposition at temperatures between 230 and 250 °C of tin(II) 2-ethylhexanoate in diphenyl ether and in the presence of amines as surface capping agents. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) studies showed that highly crystalline nanoparticles were obtained with a mean size ranging from about 3 to about 3.5 nm, depending on the length of the alkyl chain of the amine. The use of metal 2-ethylhexanoate in the synthesis of oxide nanocrystals was generalized by preparing ZnO nanocrystals from the decomposition under similar conditions of zinc(II) 2-ethylhexanoate. In this case, soluble nanocrystals with a size ranging from about 5 to 8 nm were obtained. It is shown that the decomposition path of the precursor depends on the specific metal, and may result in the sudden formation of pyrolized products instead of soluble nanocrystals. The optical properties of capped SnO2 nanocrystals are reported for the first time and are characterized by only a blue luminescence, while for the ZnO colloids the photoluminescence spectra are characterized by the typical band-edge and surface defects emission bands, but in these samples the latter band is unusually much weaker than the former.