gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of insulin on muscle tissue (2000)

The anabolic nature of insulin on muscle protein has been recognized since the initial clinical use of insulin therapy in type 1 diabetes about sixty years ago, but the exact mechanism whereby insulin effects muscle protein metabolism in human subjects remains unclear. In particular, the effect of insulin on muscle protein synthesis has been debated. In vitro studies document a stimulatory effect of insulin on muscle protein synthesis, but in vivo results are conflicting. Everything from decreased muscle protein synthesis to increased muscle protein synthesis in response to insulin has been reported. A recent publication suggests that the response of muscle protein synthesis to insulin is dose dependent, and that only supraphysiological dose of insulin stimulate muscle protein synthesis. On the other hand, some studies show a stimulatory effect of insulin in low doses. It is possible to form a more coherent picture of the effect of insulin if the results from various experiments are expressed in the context of the availability of amino acids. In general, insulin stimulated muscle protein synthesis in studies in which intramuscular amino acid availability was maintained or increased regardless of the dose of insulin. In contrast, insulin was ineffective in stimulating muscle protein synthesis when amino acid availability was allowed to drop, irrespective of the dose of insulin. Thus, whereas insulin has a potential stimulatory effect on human muscle protein synthesis, an adequate availability of amino acids is required for that potential to be expressed in an actual increase in the synthetic rate.
Recent trends in breast cancer incidence rates by age and tumor characteristics among U.S. women (2007)

Two distinct patterns are observed in breast cancer trends. The downturn in incidence rates in all age groups above 45 years suggests a period effect that is consistent with saturation in screening mammography. The sharp decrease in incidence from 2002 to 2003 that occurred in women 50 to 69 years old who predominantly, but not exclusively, had ER+ tumors may reflect the early benefit of the reduced use of hormone replacement therapy.
Identification of Tumor Suppressors and Oncogenes from Genomic and Epigenetic Features in Ovarian Cancer (2011)

The identification of genetic and epigenetic alterations from primary tumor cells has become a common method to identify genes critical to the development and progression of cancer. We seek to identify those genetic and epigenetic aberrations that have the most impact on gene function within the tumor. First, we perform a bioinformatic analysis of copy number variation (CNV) and DNA methylation covering the genetic landscape of ovarian cancer tumor cells. We separately examined CNV and DNA methylation for 42 primary serous ovarian cancer samples using MOMA-ROMA assays and 379 tumor samples analyzed by The Cancer Genome Atlas. We have identified 346 genes with significant deletions or amplifications among the tumor samples. Utilizing associated gene expression data we predict 156 genes with altered copy number and correlated changes in expression. Among these genes CCNE1, POP4, UQCRB, PHF20L1 and C19orf2 were identified within both data sets. We were specifically interested in copy number variation as our base genomic property in the prediction of tumor suppressors and oncogenes in the altered ovarian tumor. We therefore identify changes in DNA methylation and expression for all amplified and deleted genes. We statistically define tumor suppressor and oncogenic features for these modalities and perform a correlation analysis with expression. We predicted 611 potential oncogenes and tumor suppressors candidates by integrating these data types. Genes with a strong correlation for methylation dependent expression changes exhibited at varying copy number aberrations include CDCA8, ATAD2, CDKN2A, RAB25, AURKA, BOP1 and EIF2C3. We provide copy number variation and DNA methylation analysis for over 11,500 individual genes covering the genetic landscape of ovarian cancer tumors. We show the extent of genomic and epigenetic alterations for known tumor suppressors and oncogenes and also use these defined features to identify potential ovarian cancer gene candidates.
Simulations of liquid-crystal Fabry–Perot etalons by an improved 4×4 matrix method (2003)

The optical performances of a liquid crystal (LC) Fabry–Perot (FP) etalon in various configurations were simulated by a faster 4×4 matrix method. Results show that the FP with a 90° twisted nematic LC is polarization insensitive if the applied voltage exceeds ∼3X of the Freedericksz transition threshold. This method can well depict the transmission spectra of the FP cavity and, therefore, is useful for optimizing the FP tunable filters for telecommunications.
A human serum immunoglobulin with specificity for certain homologous target cells, which induces target cell damage by normal human lymphocytes. (1969)

A factor has been found in a number of human sera which renders a polyploid strain of human liver cells, Chang cells, susceptible to damage by non-immune human lymphocytes. Sera possessing this factor are referred to as Factor Containing Sera (FCS). Such damage is assessed quantitatively by release of radioactive chromium from target cells. This factor has the chemical properties of IgG and can be absorbed out on Chang cells. Its specificity has been shown to be for Chang cells and not for human lymphocytes. Other homologous and heterologous target cells tested were not affected by this factor. The factor has not been shown to have any effect on Chang cell viability by itself, even in the presence of complement. Factors which inhibit target cell damage are shown to coexist with the factor which induces non-immune lymphocyte damage of Chang cells. The possible origin of this factor is discussed as is the role in immune reactions of target cell specific antibody which renders such cells susceptible to damage by non-immune lymphocytes.
Some Remarks on Scheffe's Two-way Mixed Model (1976)

A discussion of the two-way mixed model was given in this magazine by R. R. Hocking (1973). Hocking distinguishes between Scheffe's (1956) mixed model and a special case of it. In this note we make some further remarks on the two-way mixed model which we feel illuminate some aspects of the situation. For Scheffe's model we exhibit the minimal sufficient statistics in the balanced case and use them to consider two test statistics for the hypothesis of no main effects-namely Hotelling's T2 and F = MSA/ MSAB. We will obtain expressions for F and T2 which facilitate their comparison. In fact it becomes clear that T2 is appropriate for use in Hocking's Model I while F is appropriate for Model II.
Aminoglycoside Mimetics as Small-Molecule Drugs Targeting RNA (2002)

The potential of RNA as a new drug target has recently come to the fore, with the recognition that RNA molecules can adopt complex three-dimensional structures that, as with proteins, enable the design of specific ligands. Another reason for the present interest comes from the fact that many pathogenic agents, such as retroviruses, encode their genetic information in RNA strands. Unfortunately, the high toxicity and rapid emergence of high-level resistance have severely limited the usefulness of naturally occurring aminoglycoside antibiotics. To tackle these problems, it is an important concern to design new synthetic compounds with smaller, simpler structures which possess higher RNA binding affinity, better selectivity, better antibiotic activity, and stronger resistance against the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes compared to their parent structures. Here, we will attempt a survey of current efforts to develop aminoglycoside mimetics or derivatives that target RNA. The latest advances in this field including rational design, synthetic strategy, and structure activity relationships are reviewed.
Application performance modeling in a virtualized environment (2010)

Performance models provide the ability to predict application performance for a given set of hardware resources and are used for capacity planning and resource management. Traditional performance models assume the availability of dedicated hardware for the application. With growing application deployment on virtualized hardware, hardware resources are increasingly shared across multiple virtual machines. In this paper, we build performance models for applications in virtualized environments. We identify a key set of virtualization architecture independent parameters that influence application performance for a diverse and representative set of applications. We explore several conventional modeling techniques and evaluate their effectiveness in modeling application performance in a virtualized environment. We propose an iterative model training technique based on artificial neural networks which is found to be accurate across a range of applications. The proposed approach is implemented as a prototype in Xen-based virtual machine environments and evaluated for accuracy, sensitivity to the training process, and overhead. Median modeling error in the range 1.16-6.65% across a diverse application set and low modeling overhead suggest the suitability of our approach in production virtualized environments.
Certain Factors Affecting Telegraph Speed<sup>1</sup> (1924)

This paper considers two fundamental factors entering into the maximum speed of transmission of intelligence by telegraph. These factors are signal shaping and choice of codes. The first is concerned with the best wave shape to be impressed on the transmitting medium so as to permit of greater speed without undue interference either in the circuit under consideration or in those adjacent, while the latter deals with the choice of codes which will permit of transmitting a maximum amount of intelligence with a given number of signal elements. It is shown that the wave shape depends somewhat on the type of circuit over which intelligence is to be transmitted and that for most cases the optimum wave is neither rectangular nor a half cycle sine wave as is frequently used but a wave of special form produced by sending a simple rectangular wave through a suitable network. The impedances usually associated with telegraph circuits are such as to produce a fair degree of signal shaping when a rectangular voltage wave is impressed. Consideration of the choice of codes show that while it is desirable to use those involving more than two current values, there are limitations which prevent a large number of current values being used. A table of comparisons shows the relative speed efficiencies of various codes proposed. It is shown that no advantages result from the use of a sine wave for telegraph transmission as proposed by Squier and others <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and that their arguments are based on erroneous assumptions.
Direct Palladium-Catalyzed <i>Ortho</i>-Arylation of Benzylamines (2006)

[Structure: see text] Unsubstituted benzylamines and N-methylbenzylamine can be ortho-arylated under palladium catalysis at 130 degrees C. The reactions require the presence of trifluoroacetic acid and silver acetate.
A Century of Progress In the Synthesis of Dyes for Photography (1957)

Dyes had no place in the Daguerreotype and other photographic processes in vogue a century ago. Today, dyes are vital not only to colour photography but also in much black-and-white photography. They are used as colour sensitizers, as desensitizers, for the prevention of halation effects, as filter layers in colour photography, in colour filters, and they constitute the coloured images in colour photographic processes. The development of these applications of dyes is reviewed in this paper.
Real-Time Telemetry System for Amperometric and Potentiometric Electrochemical Sensors (2011)

A real-time telemetry system, which consists of readout circuits, an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), a microcontroller unit (MCU), a graphical user interface (GUI), and a radio frequency (RF) transceiver, is proposed for amperometric and potentiometric electrochemical sensors. By integrating the proposed system with the electrochemical sensors, analyte detection can be conveniently performed. The data is displayed in real-time on a GUI and optionally uploaded to a database via the Internet, allowing it to be accessed remotely. An MCU was implemented using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) to filter noise, transmit data, and provide control over peripheral devices to reduce power consumption, which in sleep mode is 70 mW lower than in operating mode. The readout circuits, which were implemented in the TSMC 0.18-μm CMOS process, include a potentiostat and an instrumentation amplifier (IA). The measurement results show that the proposed potentiostat has a detectable current range of 1 nA to 100 μA, and linearity with an R2 value of 0.99998 in each measured current range. The proposed IA has a common-mode rejection ratio (CMRR) greater than 90 dB. The proposed system was integrated with a potentiometric pH sensor and an amperometric nitrite sensor for in vitro experiments. The proposed system has high linearity (an R2 value greater than 0.99 was obtained in each experiment), a small size of 5.6 cm × 8.7 cm, high portability, and high integration.
Physics for Scientists and Engineers Third Edition (2000)

There are a large number of textbooks for the college and university student produced in the USA and here is one that I had not seen before even though it is now in the third edition. But it is so similar to many others. The standard version as reviewed here covers the usual topics of classical physics, namely kinematics, energy, waves and oscillations, thermodynamics, electricity and magnetism and light. Also, as is usual with the American coverage, it includes fluids, special relativity and a short chapter on quantum theory and the atom. An extended version is available covering modern physics, astrophysics and cosmology. There is also available back-up material such as instructor's manual, CD-ROM, video and other extra teaching material
Characterization of the lipopolysaccharide from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4 and N27 (1980)

The lipopolysaccharide (LPS) from Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans strains Y4 and N27 was isolated by the phenol-water procedure. Morphologically, the molecule consisted of ribbon and branched filaments which comprised 3% of the cellular dry weight. Chemical analysis of the isolated and purified LPSs of both strains showed them to consist of carbohydrate, lipid, 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate, heptose, hexosamine, and phosphate. The major fatty acids of the lipid A moiety were saturated C14 and beta-OH C14 compounds. Rhamnose, fucose, galactose, glucose, heptose, glucosamine, and galactosamine comprised the monosaccharide portion of the LPS. Biological activity studies revealed both LPS molecules to be active in the Schwartzman reaction and in in vitro 45Ca bone resorption, as well as in macrophage activation and lethality and in platelet aggregation.
A new level shifter in ultra deep sub-necron for low to wide range voltage applications (2004)

A level shifter aimed at ultra low core voltage and wide range I/O voltage is designed using a 90nm CMOS process. Proposed level shifter uses analog circuit techniques and zero-Vt transistor with no extra process step, no static power and stable duty ratio make this level shifter suitable for ultra low core voltage and wide range I/O voltage applications. These techniques work even 0.6V core voltage, 1.65-3.6V I/O voltage within 45:55 duty ratio up to 200MHz.
Molecular beam epitaxial growth and characterization of the dilute magnetic semiconductor Zn1−<i>x</i>Fe<i>x</i>Se (1987)

We report the growth by molecular beam epitaxy of the dilute magnetic semiconductor Zn1−xFexSe on GaAs(100) substrates. The epilayers were characterized in situ by reflection high-energy electron diffraction and Auger electron spectroscopy, and by x-ray θ-2θ and rocking curve measurements. We obtain the variation of lattice parameter and optical band gap for 0≤x≤0.22. Both increase linearly with Fe concentration in this range, but the increase is much less than that reported for Zn1−xMnxSe.
Improvement of Oligonucleotide Probe Design Criteria for Functional Gene Microarrays in Environmental Applications (2006)

To optimize oligonucleotide probe design criteria, PCR products with different similarities to probes were hybridized to a functional gene microarray designed to detect homologous genes from different organisms. In contrast to more restrictive probe designs based on a single criterion, simultaneous consideration of the percent similarity (< or =90%), the length of identical sequence stretches (< or =20 bases), and the binding free energy (> or =-35 kcal mol(-1)) was found to be predictive of probe specificity.
Thermodynamic properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate) hydrogels (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermodynamic properties of poly(vinyl alcohol) and poly(vinyl alcohol-vinyl acetate) hydrogelsFerenc Horkay, Walther Burchard, Erik Geissler, and Anne Marie HechtCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 6, 1296–1303Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00058a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00058a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views519Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Feature-based image compression with steered Hermite transforms (2002)

We propose that the Hermite transform can bridge the gap between conventional transform coding techniques and second-generation coding techniques that make use of explicit descriptions of perceptually important image structures (e.g., contours and lines). This claim is motivated by two important characteristics of the Hermite transform. First, it shows good image analysis properties in detecting and extracting (local) image features such as orientation and position. Second, extracted image features can be used to steer the Hermite transform into a form with high energy compaction properties.
Identification of potential deadlock set in semiconductor track systems (2002)

Addresses an efficient method to identify the process modules that can potentially cause deadlock in semiconductor track systems. Track systems carry out important functions in the photolithography process of semiconductor fabrication. Trends toward high automation and flexibility in the track systems accelerate the necessity of the intelligent controller that can guarantee deadlock-free operation of the track systems. However, there is a limitation when applying a deadlock avoidance policy in real-time due to the computational complexity caused by scores of modules, and complex and flexible process flows. To cope with that problem, the paper proposes an efficient method to identify potential deadlock process modules by introducing the concept of a potential deadlock set. The potential deadlock set is defined as the set of resources or modules that can result in deadlock in near future. Once the potential deadlock set is identified in the track system, a deadlock avoidance policy can be applied only to the process modules included in the potential deadlock set. Therefore, the approach using the potential deadlock set can significantly reduce the computational complexity when applying deadlock avoidance policy. A resource request matrix and a genetic algorithm are used to find the potential deadlock set in the track systems.
Effect of Lithium Bis(oxalato)borate Additive on Electrochemical Performance of Li<sub>1.17</sub>Ni<sub>0.17</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>Co<sub>0.17</sub>O<sub>2</sub>Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2014)

Lithium bis(oxalato) borate (LiBOB) is utilized as an oxidative additive to prevent the unwanted electrolyte decomposition on the surface of Li1.17Ni0.17Mn0.5Co0.17O2 cathodes. Our investigation reveals that the LiBOB additive forms a protective layer on the cathode surface and effectively mitigates severe oxidative decomposition of LiPF6-based electrolytes. Noticeable improvements in the cycling stability and rate capability of Li1.17Ni0.17Mn0.5Co0.17O2 cathodes are achieved in the LiBOB-added electrolyte. After 100 cycles at 60 degrees C, the discharge capacity retention of the Li1.17Ni0.17Mn0.5Co0.17O2 cathode was 28.6% in the reference electrolyte, whereas the LiBOB-containing electrolyte maintained 77.6% of its initial discharge capacity. Moreover, the Li1.17Ni0.17Mn0.5Co0.17O2 cathode with LiBOB additive delivered a superior discharge capacity of 115 mAh g(-1) at a high rate of 2 C compared with the reference electrolyte. The OCV of a full cell charged in the reference electrolyte drastically decreased from 4.22 V to 3.52 V during storage at 60 degrees C, whereas a full cell charged in the LiBOB-added electrolyte exhibited superior retention of the OCV.
Interaction-site prediction for protein complexes: a critical assessment (2007)

Interface prediction methods rely on a wide range of sequence, structural and physical attributes that distinguish interface residues from non-interface surface residues. The input data are manipulated into either a numerical value or a probability representing the potential for a residue to be inside a protein interface. Predictions are now satisfactory for complex-forming proteins that are well represented in the Protein Data Bank, but less so for under-represented ones. Future developments will be directed at tackling problems such as building structural models for multi-component structural complexes.
Risk assessment of drilling and completion operations in petroleum wells using a monte carlo and a neural network approach (2005)

This paper intends to show how two different methodologies, a Monte Carlo simulation method and a connectionist approach can be used to estimate the total time assessment in drilling and completion operations of oil wells in deep waters. The former approach performs a Monte Carlo simulation based on data from field operations. In the later one, correlations and regularities in parameters selected from a petroleum company database were detected using a competitive neural network, and then, a feedforward neural network was trained to estimate the average, standard deviation and total time wasted in the accomplishment of the well. At the end, the results obtained by both models are compared. The analyst could evaluate the precision of the estimated total-time based on geometric and technological parameters provided by the neural network tool, with those supplied by the traditional Monte Carlo method based on data of the drilling and completion operations.