gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Expression of Separate Proteins in the Same Plant Leaves and Cells Using Two Independent Virus-Based Gene Vectors (2017)

Plant viral vectors enable the expression of proteins at high levels in a relatively short time. For many purposes (e.g., cell biological interaction studies) it may be desirable to express more than one protein in a single cell but that is often not feasible when using a single virus vector. Such a co-expression strategy requires the simultaneous delivery by two compatible and non-competitive viruses that can co-exist to each express a separate protein. Here, we report on the use of two agro-launchable coat-protein gene substitution GFP-expressing virus vector systems based on <i>Tomato bushy stunt virus</i> (TBSV) referred to as TG, and <i>Tobacco mosaic virus</i> (TMV) annotated as TRBO-G. TG expressed GFP in <i>Nicotiana benthamiana</i>, tomato, lettuce and cowpea, whereas expression from TRBO-G was detected only in the first two species. Upon co-infiltration of the two vectors co-expression was monitored by: molecular detection of the two slightly differently sized GFPs, suppressor-complementation assays, and using TG in combination with TRBO-RFP. All the results revealed that in <i>N. benthamiana</i> and tomato the TBSV and TMV vectors accumulated and expressed proteins in the same plants, the same leaves, and in the same cells. Therefore, co-expression by these two vectors provides a platform for fast and high level expression of proteins to study their cell biology or other properties.
Optimal differential energy watermarking of DCT encoded images and video (2001)

This paper proposes the differential energy watermarking (DEW) algorithm for JPEG/MPEG streams. The DEW algorithm embeds label bits by selectively discarding high frequency discrete cosine transform (DCT) coefficients in certain image regions. The performance of the proposed watermarking algorithm is evaluated by the robustness of the watermark, the size of the watermark, and the visual degradation the watermark introduces. These performance factors are controlled by three parameters, namely the maximal coarseness of the quantizer used in pre-encoding, the number of DCT blocks used to embed a single watermark bit, and the lowest DCT coefficient that we permit to be discarded. We follow a rigorous approach to optimizing the performance and choosing the correct parameter settings by developing a statistical model for the watermarking algorithm. Using this model, we can derive the probability that a label bit cannot be embedded. The resulting model can be used, for instance, for maximizing the robustness against re-encoding and for selecting adequate error correcting codes for the label bit string.
Synthesis and optical properties of polyethylenimine containing <scp>L</scp>‐proline and optically active thymine derivatives (1980)

Abstract Preparation and optical properties of linear polyethylenimine (PEI) containing L ‐(−)‐ N ‐[(−)‐2‐(thymin‐1‐yl) propionyl] prolyl group as grafting pendant, [P‐(−)Pro‐(−)T], and its related monomer and dimer model compounds are described. Hypochromic effects and circular dichroism of these compounds were compared with those of PEI containing (−)‐2‐(thymin‐1‐yl) propionyl group as grafting pendant, [P‐(−)T], which has no L ‐proline ring as a spacing group. P‐(−)Pro‐(−)T showed no exciton coupling of B 2u π‐π * transition although it showed large hypochromicity in neutral aqueous solution, implying that the stacking of the bases has no screw sense.
Characterization of two cDNAs encoding folate-binding proteins from L1210 murine leukemia cells. Increased expression associated with a genomic rearrangement. (1991)

L1210 murine leukemic cells grown under conditions of continuous low folate concentrations acquire increased levels of a high affinity/low capacity folate-binding protein (FBP). Using an oligonucleotide probe complementary to the human FBP, we have cloned and sequenced two murine FBP cDNAs isolated from a library constructed using a L1210 subline adapted for growth on low levels of 5-formyltetrahydrofolate. The encoding proteins, designated FBP1 and FBP2, have predicted Mr values of 29,415 and 28,821, respectively. These proteins share significant sequence identity with each other (70%) and with the deduced sequences of the human- and bovine-encoded FBPs (68-79%). Southern blot analysis of the low folate-adapted cell line revealed that, while neither of the two FBP-encoding genes was amplified, the FBP1 genomic locus had undergone rearrangement. On Northern blot analysis, this rearrangement was reflected in the enhanced expression (greater than 100-fold) of a FBP1-specific transcript which was 200 nucleotides shorter than the corresponding L1210 parental transcript. The increased expression of this transcript coincided with the increased expression of a membrane protein (Mr = 38,000) which could be affinity-labeled with a N-hydroxysuccinimide ester of [3H]folate. Accordingly, the FBP1 transcript appears to encode the high affinity/low capacity FBP. Compared to parental L1210 cells, expression of the FBP2-encoding transcript was unchanged in this cell line and, while the exact nature of the protein is unclear, FBP2 may represent a fetal form of the FBP.
Sampling and Reconstruction of Spatial Fields Using Mobile Sensors (2013)

Spatial sampling is traditionally studied in a static setting where static sensors scattered around space take measurements of the spatial field at their locations. In this paper, we study the emerging paradigm of sampling and reconstructing spatial fields using sensors that move through space. We show that mobile sensing offers some unique advantages over static sensing in sensing bandlimited spatial fields. Since a moving sensor encounters such a spatial field along its path as a time-domain signal, a time-domain anti-aliasing filter can be employed prior to sampling the signal received at the sensor. Such a filtering procedure, when used by a configuration of sensors moving at constant speeds along equispaced parallel lines, leads to a complete suppression of spatial aliasing in the direction of motion of the sensors. We analytically quantify the advantage of using such a sampling scheme over a static sampling scheme by computing the reduction in sampling noise due to the filter. We also analyze the effects of nonuniform sensor speeds on the reconstruction accuracy. Using simulation examples, we demonstrate the advantages of mobile sampling over static sampling in practical problems. We extend our analysis to sampling and reconstruction schemes for monitoring time-varying bandlimited fields using mobile sensors. We demonstrate that in some situations we require a lower density of sensors when using a mobile sensing scheme instead of the conventional static sensing scheme. The exact advantage is quantified for a problem of sampling and reconstructing an audio field.
Random Selection and Branching in the Motion-Picture Audio-Visual Field (1970)

In the development of new audio-visual equipment, design engineers must take the educator in as a partner. Concepts of education must be expanded beyond the traditional “25 students per teacher” and the advanced techniques for the testing and scoring of students. Current philosophies intended to satisfy the individual needs of the gifted, normal and slow student are discussed, including Skinner's “straight-line programing”; Crowder's “branching method”; “single-concept method”; and the “selectivity,” “dial-access,” and “instantaneous review” disciplines. The Panacolor and multi-row film format systems are found to be well suited to most of these modern educational philosophies.
A novel object-independent ?balanced? reference scan for echo-planar imaging (1999)

Interleaved echo-planar imaging (EPI) is susceptible to significant ghosting artifacts, resulting primarily from system time delays that cause data matrix misregistration. Most EPI applications rely on "reference scans" to measure delays, and post-processing algorithms are used to correct these errors. Unfortunately, delay estimates made with most reference scan techniques are object dependent, since they are biased by magnetic field inhomogeneities and chemical shift. The current work describes the effects of field inhomogeneities and their influence on system time delay estimation. Subsequently, a new, object-independent "balanced" reference method using two readout echo trains is proposed for time delay measurements.
Genetic Diversity in Laboratory Colonies of Western Corn Rootworm (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Including a Nondiapause Colony (2007)

Laboratory-reared western corn rootworms, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera, from colonies maintained at the North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory (NCARL) in Brookings, SD, are used extensively by many researchers in studies of the biology, ecology, behavior, and genetics of this major insect pest. A nondiapause colony developed through artificial selection in the early 1970s is particularly attractive for many studies because its generation time is much shorter than that of typical diapause colonies. However, the nondiapause colony has been in culture for approximately 190 generations without out-crossing. We compared variation at six microsatellite loci among individuals from the NCARL nondiapause colony (approximately 190 generations), main diapause colony (approximately 22 generations), four regional diapause colonies (3-8 generations), and four wild populations. Genetic diversity was very similar among the diapause laboratory colonies and wild populations. However, the nondiapause colony showed approximately 15-39% loss of diversity depending on the measure. Pairwise estimates of F(ST) were very low, revealing little genetic differentiation among laboratory colonies and natural populations. The nondiapause colony showed the greatest genetic differentiation with an average pairwise F(ST) of 0.153. There was little evidence that the laboratory colonies had undergone genetic bottlenecks except for the nondiapause colony. The nondiapause colony has suffered a moderate loss in genetic diversity and is somewhat differentiated from wild populations. This was not unexpected given its history of artificial selection for the nondiapause trait, and the large number of generations in culture. In contrast, the results indicate that the diapause colonies maintained at NCARL are genetically similar to wild populations.
Fungicidal activity of IFN-gamma-activated macrophages. Extracellular killing of Cryptococcus neoformans. (1989)

Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast-form fungus which causes pulmonary and meningeal infections preferentially in the immunocompromised host. It is thought that cell-mediated immunity is important for acquired resistance against cryptococcosis with activated macrophages as the final effector cells. However, specific polysaccharides in the capsule of C. neoformans protect the fungus from adherence to phagocytes and from subsequent phagocytosis. We have studied extracellular killing of C. neoformans by IFN-gamma-activated macrophages and their products. Murine bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated with rIFN-gamma for 24 h were able to effectively suppress the growth of C. neoformans and the effect of IFN-gamma was augmented by LPS. Killing of C. neoformans was also achieved by cell-free supernatants from bone marrow-derived macrophages stimulated with IFN-gamma plus LPS. Our results indicate that killing of C. neoformans by activated macrophages is independent from toxic oxygen radicals and mediated by secreted protein(s) of apparent molecular mass of 15 and 30 kDa. These findings indicate that activated macrophages play a major role in host defense, although the fungus resists phagocytosis and remains in the extracellular milieu.
Microwave Doppler-Effect Flow Monitor (1975)

This paper contains a discussion of the capabilities and limitations of a modem solid-state microwave Doppler radar used for monitoring the flow rates of moving materials. Experimental results Of monitoring flow rates of paritculate solids are presented. It has been concluded that the average Doppler frequency is proportional to the average bulk velocity. When the bulk density and the crosssectional area of the pipe are known, the system-provides contactless means of-monitoring the mass flow rate of particulate solids.
The Electrochemistry of Tin (1963)

The kinetics of the electrodeposition of tin were studied from simple acid solutions containing various nonionic organic additives. Many of these substances produced a large increase in the cathodic polarization. The similar behavior at solid polycrystalline tin and liquid tin‐amalgam cathodes implies that the rate‐determining step responsible for the polarization is substantially the same at each electrode in the presence of the adsorbed organic additive. Qualitative evidence is presented for the adsorption of nonionic organic molecules on the electrode surface. A probable rate‐determining step is the transfer of cations through a barrier of adsorbed organic molecules to the electrode surface. The formation of this barrier is kinetically limited rather than diffusion‐limited.
Cooperative Virtual Machine Management for Multi-Organization Cloud Computing Environment (2012)

In cloud computing, organizations can form cooperation to share the available resource to reduce the cost. This is referred to as the multi-organization cloud computing environment. In this paper, we address the issues of virtual machine management and cooperation formation in such an environ- men
Metatarsus adductus: Development of a non‐surgical treatment pathway (2013)

Metatarsus adductus (MA) occurs in one to two cases per 1000 births and is the most common congenital foot deformity in newborns. The appearance is that of a curved or adducted forefoot with a normal hindfoot. A systematic literature review was conducted to answer the following question: For a child who presents with MA, what is the most evidence-based conservative treatment option? Thirteen articles were reviewed using the National Health and Medical Research Council levels of evidence and guidelines for clinical practice. Conservative treatment options reported on included the following: no treatment, stretching, splinting, serial casting, sitting and sleeping positions and footwear/orthotics. There was strong evidence supporting no treatment in the case of flexible MA. Some limited evidence was found for the treatment of semi-rigid MA. Clinicians should use these recommendations together with clinical experience when advising parents on treatment of MA.
Three-Dimensional Corrective Osteotomy of Malunited Fractures of the Upper Extremity with Use of a Computer Simulation System (2008)

Corrective osteotomy for a malunited fracture of the upper extremity with use of computer simulation and a custom-designed osteotomy template can accurately correct the deformity and improve the clinical outcome.
Estimation of time-varying digital radio channels (1992)

In the design of block-oriented digital communication systems that must operate over time-dispersive channels, it is usually assumed that the channel is constant over the duration of a data block, even if the channel fades. The authors study the degradation in receiver performance caused by actual interblock channel variation. For tractability, attention is restricted to the case in which the channel variations are not tracked using decision-directed adaptation. The results suggest that unless the system parameters are carefully chosen, the constant-channel assumption is far from accurate. The quantitative results also offer a measure of the rate of channel time-variations, and give guidelines for deciding when those variations can be considered slow. These guidelines can be used as first-order evaluators of important system design decisions, such as total block size, training overhead, and data rate, for particular channel conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cacao polyphenolic substances. 4. The anthocyanin pigments (1957)

Research Article| January 01 1957 Cacao polyphenolic substances. 4. The anthocyanin pigments* W. G. C. Forsyth; W. G. C. Forsyth 1Colonial Microbiological Research Institute, Trinidad, B.W.I. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar V. C. Quesnel V. C. Quesnel 1Colonial Microbiological Research Institute, Trinidad, B.W.I. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1957) 65 (1): 177–179. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0650177 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation W. G. C. Forsyth, V. C. Quesnel; Cacao polyphenolic substances. 4. The anthocyanin pigments. Biochem J 1 January 1957; 65 (1): 177–179. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0650177 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1957 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1957 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Stem Cell Factor Expression after Renal Ischemia Promotes Tubular Epithelial Survival (2010)

Our data indicate an important role for c-KIT and SCF in mediating tubular epithelial cell survival via an autocrine pathway.
Performance Comparison of Distributed Group Key Management Protocol based on Region based Group Key Management (2012)

A mobile ad hoc network is an autonomous system of mobile nodes connected by wireless links. The nodes are free to move about and organize themselves into a network. For many application of MANET we need to establish secure group communication between members of groups. Some of the protocols to generate group key have been surveyed, and then their comparison is given based on the fact that if we divide the region into small region than the control overhead can be minimized. Numerical analysis is given to prove the result.
14(R,S)-[18F]fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (FTHA): evaluation in mouse of a new probe of myocardial utilization of long chain fatty acids. (1991)

14(R,S)-[18F]Fluoro-6-thia-heptadecanoic acid (FTHA) is a new radiolabeled long-chain fatty acid (LCFA) analog designed to undergo metabolic trapping subsequent to its commitment to the beta-oxidation pathway. Sulfur-substitution at the sixth carbon of FTHA causes a prolonging of myocardial clearance half-time (T 1/2 approximately 2 hr) in mice with little diminution of myocardial uptake (39.8 +/- 3.0% ID/g at 5 min). Heart-to-blood ratios were 20 +/- 6 and 82 +/- 16 at 1 and 60 min, respectively. In contrast, the 3-thia analog, 13(R,S)-[18F]-fluoro-3-thia-hexadecanoic acid, showed lower uptake and poor retention by heart. Myocardial uptake of FTHA was reduced by 81% (p less than 10(-5) and 87% (p less than 5 x 10(-4] in mice pretreated with the carnitine palmitoyltransferase I inhibitor, 2[5(4-chlorophenyl)pentyl]oxirane-2-carboxylate (POCA) at 1 and 60 min, respectively. Radioanalytical studies showed the major metabolic fate of FTHA in control and POCA treated myocardium to be unidentified metabolite(s) that bind to tissue protein. Smaller amounts of 18F radioactivity were present in myocardium as complex lipids, fatty acid, and unidentified soluble metabolites. The results indicate metabolic trapping of FTHA in myocardium subsequent to its entry into the mitochondrion and encourage its further evaluation as a PET tracer of myocardial LCFA utilization.
Transcriptional regulation in the context of chromatin structure (2001)

A wide variety of histone-like proteins can be assembled into nucleosomal structures. Core and linker histone variants, proteins of the histone-fold and winged-helix families can all contribute to the local differentiation of functional chromosomal domains. It is very difficult to disrupt core histone interactions within a nucleosome in vivo. Histones H3 and H4 do not exchange out of chromatin outside S-phase. Histones H2A and H2B do exchange out of chromatin, but do so predominantly during transcription. This confers stability on the nucleosome during the cell cycle. Linker histones have a much less stable association with nucleosomal DNA, allowing for reversible activation of transcription. A distinct feature of histone interactions with nucleosomal DNA is the exposure of DNA on the surface of the nucleosome. One side of DNA is occluded on the histone surface, but the other is exposed and potentially accessible to other regulatory proteins. A major contributory factor to the functional specialization of chromatin is the capacity to target nucleosome modification and disruption.
Experimental suppression of chaos in a modulated multimode laser (1997)

Suppressing chaotic behavior by addition of a weak second periodic perturbation signal, which is nearly resonant to a subharmonic of the fundamental system frequency, is observed in a modulated microchip LiNdP(4)O(12) multimode laser by a highly sensitive self-mixing modulation technique. The stabilization of the unstable period-2 orbit embedded in a chaotic attractor is demonstrated in a wide parameter region. The chaos-suppressing experiments are well reproduced by simulations of globally coupled modulated Tang-Statz-deMars [J. Appl. Phys. 34 8289 (1963)] multimode laser equations, including a spatial hole-burning effect.
4H-SiC wafer slicing by using femtosecond laser double-pulses (2017)

Silicon carbide (SiC) is promising as a key material for power electronics devices owing to its wide bandgap property. Meanwhile, by the convention wire-saw technique, it is difficult to slice off a thin wafer from bulk SiC crystal without reserving space for cutting. In this study, we have achieved exfoliation of 4H-SiC single crystal by the femtosecond laser induced slicing method. By using this technique, the exfoliated surface with the root-mean-square roughness of 5 μm and the cutting-loss thickness smaller than 24 μm was successfully achieved. We have also observed the nanostructure on the exfoliated surface in SiC crystal.
CPG Network Optimization for a Biomimetic Robotic Fish via PSO (2015)

In this brief, we investigate the parameter optimization issue of a central pattern generator (CPG) network governed forward and backward swimming for a fully untethered, multijoint biomimetic robotic fish. Considering that the CPG parameters are tightly linked to the propulsive performance of the robotic fish, we propose a method for determination of relatively optimized control parameters. Within the framework of evolutionary computation, we use a combination of dynamic model and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to seek the CPG characteristic parameters for an enhanced performance. The PSO-based optimization scheme is validated with extensive experiments conducted on the actual robotic fish. Noticeably, the optimized results are shown to be superior to previously reported forward and backward swimming speeds.
The <i>Limulus</i> Amoebocyte Lysate Assay for Bacterial Endotoxins (1985)

The Limulus amoeboecyte lysate (LAL) test not only provides a means for the detection and quantitation of endotoxin in parenteral preparations and medical devices to be used for the benefit of man without recourse to the use of animals, but also provides a more precise assay than the traditional rabbit test.