gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hair testing for cocaine and metabolites by GC/MS: criteria to quantitatively assess cocaine use (2012)

A simple, rapid and sensitive method has been developed and validated for the determination of cocaine and its main metabolites (benzoylecgonine and cocaethylene) in human hair. The method involved solid-phase extraction with an Oasis HLB extraction cartridge and subsequent analysis by GC/MS. The limit of detection was 0.01 ng mg(-1) for cocaine, 0.04 for benzoylecgonine and 0.03 for cocaethylene. The method validation included linearity (with a correlation coefficient >0.99 over the range 0.2-50 ng mg(-1) ), intra- and inter-day precision (always lower than 12%) and accuracy (mean relative error always below 17%) to meet the bioanalytical acceptance criteria. The procedure was further applied to 40 hair samples from self-reported cocaine users arrested by the police who provided a positive urine-analysis for cocaine, and was demonstrated to be suitable for its application in forensic toxicology. New approaches were raised to detect false-negative results that allow a better interpretation of hair testing results.
<title>Fiber-Optic Digital Video Systems For Commercial Cable TV Trunking Applications</title> (1978)

The important design considerations for a fiber-optic television trunk line using both analog and digital approaches are given. The decision processes for selecting the approach for a given application requirement are discussed. Important link model parameters for an actual 12 channel, 8 km CATV supertrunk are shown with photographs of operating commercial hardware.
Optical pathology of oral tissue: A raman spectroscopy diagnostic method (2001)

Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy methods are being considered as techniques which could be complementary or even alternative to biopsy, and pathology and clinical assays in many medical applications. The present paper discusses the results of Raman spectral studies on oral tissues for optical pathology. It is shown that Raman spectra of oral tissues can be classified into spectra of normal and malignant sets and a model based on such a classification can be used to analyse oral tissue for detection of oral malignancy. Sensitivity and specificity calculated from 90 test spectra are better than 85 and 90 per cent respectively.
Endosteal blade-vent implants. (1976)

Abstract At this writing, endosteal blade-vent implants have been used in clinical cases for over 17 years. At the last writing in the Dental Clinics of North America, we had just passed the 10-year mark. Many new systems for preprosthetic reconstructive surgery have gained the attention of the existing implantology community; and new systems have stimulated significant new levels of implant activity in the profession in general. Even with long-term research and clinical documentation with such modalities as the Brannemark, Swiss screw, and hollow cylinders, the blade-vent implant remains in the armamentarium of members of the profession active in implantology. Even with advances in design, no implant system can be placed in the extremely narrow or even knife-edge ridges still encountered in a significant percentage of patients, unless the practitioner is knowledgeable and skillful with (the narrow 1.2 mm buccolingual width of) this implant. I predict that the endosteal blade-vent implant will continue to hold a valued place in the implant field.
Nudging Neural Conversational Model with Domain Knowledge (2018)

Neural conversation models are attractive because one can train a model directly on dialog examples with minimal labeling. With a small amount of data, however, they often fail to generalize over test data since they tend to capture spurious features instead of semantically meaningful domain knowledge. To address this issue, we propose a novel approach that allows any human teachers to transfer their domain knowledge to the conversation model in the form of natural language rules. We tested our method with three different dialog datasets. The improved performance across all domains demonstrates the efficacy of our proposed method.
Reconstruction of the Bone-Bone Marrow Organ by Osteogenin, a Bone Morphogenetic Protein, and Demineralized Bone Matrix in Calvarial Defects of Adult Primates (1993)

Information concerning the efficacy of osteogenin, a bone morphogenetic protein, and demineralized bone matrix in orthotopic sites in nonhuman primates is a prerequisite for potential clinical application in humans. After exposure of the calvaria, 84 cranial defects, 25 mm in diameter, were prepared in 26 adult male baboons (Papio ursinus). Defects were implanted with insoluble collagenous bone matrix (ICBM, the inactive collagenous residue after dissociative extraction of bone matrix with 4 M guanidine hydrochloride) reconstituted with osteogenin fractions isolated from baboon bone matrix by chromatography on heparin-Sepharose and hydroxyapatite-Ultrogel (Og Hep-HA) or osteogenin further purified using Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography (Og S-200). Baboon osteogenin with the highest biologic activity in a rodent bioassay, as determined by alkaline phosphatase activity, calcium content, and histologic analysis, was used for orthotopic implantation in baboons. Additional defects were implanted with baboon demineralized bone matrix (DBM) or ICBM without osteogenin as control. Defects also were grafted with corticocancellous bone harvested from the iliac crest or left ungrafted to monitor the spontaneous regeneration potential of the adult baboon calvaria. Undecalcified bone sections at 7 microns were prepared from the harvested specimens 30 and 90 days after surgery. Histomorphometry demonstrated that Og S-200 induced copious amounts of bone and osteoid as early as day 30 (P < 0.01 versus ICBM, autogenous grafts and untreated defects). At day 90, in implants of Og S-200, Og Hep-HA, and DBM, bone and marrow formation was extensive, culminating in complete regeneration of the craniotomies. In implants of DBM, bone formed with an intervening phase of cartilage development. This provides the phenotypic evidence of endochondral bone differentiation by induction in defects of membranous calvarial bone in adult primates. These results establish the potential therapeutic application of osteogenin and demineralized bone matrix for the architectural reconstruction of the bone-bone marrow organ in humans.
8 GHz electro-optic polymer Mach-Zehnder modulator (1991)

An electro-optic (EO) Mach-Zehnder modulator was fabricated from polymer materials and tested at frequencies up to 8 GHz. The device was fabricated on a Si wafer using conventional IC manufacturing equipment. Separate 50 87 microstrip electrodes were designed over each arm of the Mach-Zehnder device. Three polymer layers were deposited as shown in Fig. 1: a hard acrylate cladding layer, followed by an EO polymer from Akzo Research, bv, 1 then another cladding layer. The waveguides were photobleached 2 using an IC mask aligner, and microstrip electrodes was formed by gold plating. The active polymer layer was poled 3 through the cladding at 70 V/ 109m for 1 min on top of a 120°C hot plate, and waveguide end faces were prepared by cleaving.
Electrochemical Separation and Concentration of <1% Carbon Dioxide from Nitrogen (2003)

Low energy separations for <1% gases would benefit gas treatment and sequestration. Theoretically, electrochemical pumping can separate and concentrate from the atmosphere or other gases with <1% at significantly lower energy cost than current systems. Principles of electrochemical pumping for separations are discussed and results for both organic solvent and ionic liquid working fluid systems are presented. Due to the large quantities of gases requiring processing during the separation/concentration of <1% gases, this work looked at solvents with negligible vapor pressures, specifically propylene carbonate and the room-temperature ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate. Other important parameters, as illustrated by the data and models presented, are low solubility in the solvent, high carrier solubility, binding constants, and the carrier's electrochemistry. Reported is the electrochemical pumping of from 0.5% (in nitrogen) to 100%, a 200-fold increase in partial pressure, using the carrier 2,6-di-tert-butyl-1,4-benzoquinone in a propylene carbonate solution. The ratio of moles pumped per electron mole was 0.43. The models determined the optimal solubility in the solvent and the required redox swing in the binding constants of the carrier. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Theory of tunneling spectroscopy in superconducting<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Sr</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">RuO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1997)

A theory for tunneling spectroscopy in a normal-metal--insulator--triplet-superconductor junction is presented. We assume two kinds of nonunitary triplet-superconducting states which are the most promising states for ${\mathrm{Sr}}_{2}{\mathrm{RuO}}_{4}.$ The calculated conductance spectra show zero-bias peaks as well as gap structures. The existence of residual components in the spectra reflect the nonunitary properties of superconducting states.
Interactions among Delta, Serrate and Fringe modulate Notch activity during <i>Drosophila</i> wing development (1998)

The Notch signalling pathway plays an important role during the development of the wing primordium, especially of the wing blade and margin. In these processes, the activity of Notch is controlled by the activity of the dorsal specific nuclear protein Apterous, which regulates the expression of the Notch ligand, Serrate, and the Fringe signalling molecule. The other Notch ligand, Delta, also plays a role in the development and patterning of the wing. It has been proposed that Fringe modulates the ability of Serrate and Delta to signal through Notch and thereby restricts Notch signalling to the dorsoventral boundary of the developing wing blade. Here we report the results of experiments aimed at establishing the relationships between Fringe, Serrate and Delta during wing development. We find that Serrate is not required for the initiation of wing development but rather for the expansion and early patterning of the wing primordium. We provide evidence that, at the onset of wing development, Delta is under the control of apterous and might be the Notch ligand in this process. In addition, we find that Fringe function requires Su(H). Our results suggest that Notch signalling during wing development relies on careful balances between positive and dominant negative interactions between Notch ligands, some of which are mediated by Fringe.
Combining Deterministic and Genetic Approaches for Sequential Circuit Test Generation (1995)

A hybrid sequential circuit test generator is described which combines deterministic algorithms for fault excitation and propagation with genetic algorithms for state justification. Deterministic procedures for state justification are used if the genetic approach is unsuccessful, to allow for identification of untestable faults and to improve the fault coverage. High fault coverages were obtained for the ISCAS89 benchmark circuits and several additional circuits, and in many cases the results are better than those for purely deterministic approaches.
DNA excision repair proteins and Gadd45 as molecular players for active DNA demethylation (2009)

DNA cytosine methylation represents an intrinsic modification signal of the genome that plays important roles in heritable gene silencing, heterochromatin formation and certain transgenerational epigenetic inheritance. In contrast to the process of DNA methylation that is catalyzed by specific classes of methyltransferases, molecular players underlying active DNA demethylation have long been elusive. Emerging biochemical and functional evidence suggests that active DNA demethylation in vertebrates can be mediated through DNA excision repair enzymes, similar to the well-known repair-based DNA demethylation mechanism in Arabidopsis. As key regulators, non-enzymatic Gadd45 proteins function to recruit enzymatic machineries and promote coupling of deamination, base and nucleotide-excision repair in the process of DNA demethylation. In this article, we review recent findings and discuss functional and evolutionary implications of such mechanisms underlying active DNA demethylation.
Correlation of tear fluorescein clearance and schirmer test scores with ocular irritation symptoms (1999)

The FCT shows a greater predictive value for ocular irritation than the Schirmer 1 test. It correlates better with age, meibomian gland dysfunction, and decreased corneal and conjunctival sensation. Decreased tear clearance was identified as a risk factor for ocular irritation, even in subjects with normal Schirmer scores. This simple technique may provide new clues into the mechanism and therapy of ocular irritation.
A new approach for registering remote sensing images from various modalities (2009)

Image registration is a major issue in the field of Remote Sensing because it provides a support for integrating information from two or more images into a model that represents our knowledge on a given application. It may be used for comparing the content of two segmented images captured by the same sensor at different times; but it also may be used for extracting and assembling information from images captured by various sensors corresponding to different modalities (optical, radar,). The registration of images from different modalities is a very difficult problem because data representations are different (e.g. vectors for multispectral images and scalar values for radar ones) but also, and especially, because an important part of the information is different from an image to another (e.g. hyperspectral signature and radar response). And precisely, any registration process is based, explicitly or not, on matching the common information in the two images. The problem we are interested in is to develop a generic approach that enables the registration of two images from different modalities when their spatial representations are related by a rigid transformation. This situation often occurs, and it requires a very robust and accurate registration process to provide the spatial correspondence. First, we show that this registration problem between images from different modalities can be reduced to a matching problem between binary images. There are many approaches to tackle this problem, and we give an overview of these approaches. But we have to take into account the specificity of the context in which we have to solve this problem: we must select those points of both images that are associated with the same information, and not the other ones, in order to process the pairing that will lead to the registration parameters. The approach we propose is a Hough-like method that induces a separation between relevant and non-relevant pairings, the Hough space being a representation of the rigid transformation parameters. In order to characterize the relevant items in each image, we propose a new primitive that provides a local representation of patterns in binary images. We give a complete description of this approach and results concerning various types of images to register.
Speculative optimization using hardware-monitored guarded regions for java virtual machines (2007)

Aggressive dynamic optimization in high-performance Java Virtual Machines can be hampered by language features like Java's exception model, which requires precise detection and handling of program-generated exceptions. Furthermore, the compile-time overhead of guaranteeing correctness of code transformations precludes many effective optimizations from consideration. This paper describes a novel approach for circumventing the optimization-crippling effects of exception semantics and streamlining the implementation of aggressive optimizations at run time. Under a hardware-software hybrid model, the runtime system delineates guarded regions of code and specifies a contract--in the simplest case, one that requires exception-free execution--that must be adhered to in order to ensure that the aggressively optimized code within that region will behave as the programmer expects. The contracted runtime condition is assumed to be true, and code within a guarded region is aggressively optimized based on this assumption. Hardware monitors for exceptions throughout the region execution, and undoes the effects of the guarded region if an exception occurs, re-executing the region with a conventionally optimized version. Since exceptions are very rare, code can be optimized as if optimization-crippling conditions did not exist, leading to compile time reduction, code quality improvement, and potential performance improvement up to 67.7% and averaging 15.9% in our limit study of a set of Java benchmarks.
Design, synthesis and evaluation of triazole functionalized ring-fused 2-pyridones as antibacterial agents (2012)

Antibacterial resistance is today a worldwide problem and the demand for new classes of antibacterial agents with new mode of action is enormous. In the strive for new antibacterial agents that inhibit pilus assembly, an important virulence factor, routes to introduce triazoles in position 8 and 2 of ring-fused bicyclic 2-pyridones have been developed. This was made via Sonogashira couplings followed by Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions. The method development made it possible to introduce a diverse series of substituted triazoles and their antibacterial properties were tested in a whole cell pili-dependent biofilm assay. Most of the twenty four candidates tested showed low to no activity but interestingly three compounds, one 8-substituted and two 2-substituted, showed promising activities with EC(50)'s between 9 and 50 μM.
Transcutaneous optical telemetry system-investigation on deviation characteristics (2002)

As a means of sending signals from the interior of a living body to the exterior, or vice versa, we have proposed a transcutaneous optical telemetry system (TOTS). As there is the skin between the transmitter and the receiver, light will be attenuated in it and the signal will be deteriorated. Therefore, careful examinations are necessary on the performances of the transcutaneous optical coupler, wavelength of the light used, directivities of the light-emitting element and light-receiving element. In this report, a light emitting diode (LED) and a laser diode (LD) are used as the light-emitting element. Transcutaneous transmission characteristics of these two elements are measured and compared. As a result, it is found that, in the transcutaneous telemetry system used, the LD shows better transmission characteristics.
Responsiveness of NEI VFQ-25 to Changes in Visual Acuity in Neovascular AMD: Validation Studies from Two Phase 3 Clinical Trials (2009)

These data support the use of the NEI VFQ-25 as a responsive and sensitive measure of vision-related function in neovascular AMD populations. Based on MARINA and ANCHOR data, a 4- to 6-point change in NEI VFQ-25 scores represents a clinically meaningful change corresponding to a 15-letter change in BCVA.
Studies on the Chemical Structure of Konjac Mannan (1970)

A glucomannan isolated from konjac flour was hydrolyzed with commercially available crude and purified cellulases. The following oligosaccharides were isolated from the hydrolyzate and identified: (a) 4-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-d-monnose (b) 4-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-d-glucose (c) O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-mannose (d) O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-glucose (e) O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-mannose (f) O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-glucose (g) O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-glucose (h) 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-d-glucose(cellobiose) (i) 4-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-d-mannose (epicellobiose) (j) O-β-d-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-mannopyranosyl-(1→4)-d-mannose. Of these saccharides, (h), (i) and (j) were isolated from the hydrolyzate by purified cellulase, while (g) was isolated from the hydrolyzate by crude cellulase. The others were all present in the hydrolyzates both by crude and by purified cellulases.
Multilayer-Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ML-ELISA) for Detection of<u>Entamoeba Histolytic</u>Trophozoite Coproantigen (1985)

Multilayer ELISA (ML-ELISA) method for Entamoeba histolytica trophozoite coproantigen was developed for diagnosis of amoebiasis and its usefulness vis-a-vis microscopic examination analysed for paired specimens from 87 patients from Lucknow and Hyderabad, India. All the stool specimens positive for trophozoites were also found to be positive in ML-ELISA. Out of a total 32 samples positive for cysts in microscopy 21 (65.62%) gave positive reactions for coproantigen. Results on 26 samples drawn from otherwise healthy subjects with negative microscopical picture, 4 were positive for coproantigen. The results of the present study indicate that ML-ELISA test is suitable for early diagnosis of acute amoebic patients for timely treatment.
Stereoselective Synthesis of <i>meso</i>-2,6-Diaminopimelic Acid and Its Selectively Protected Derivatives (1998)

Four synthetic routes to selectively protected derivatives and isomers of meso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) (1a), a key constituent of bacterial peptidoglycan, were investigated. N-(tert-butyloxycarbonyl)-d-allylglycine (2) and N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-l-allylglycine (4) were esterified to ethylene glycol and cyclized via olefin metathesis to a protected derivative 7 of 2,7-diaminosuberic acid. Analogous linking of propane-1,3-diol with 2 and potential precursors of N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-l-vinylglycine moieties, such as N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-l-glutamate or N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-l-methionine sulfoxide, gave 12 or 15, both of which produced the α,β-unsaturated ester 14 upon attempted generation of the vinylglycine precursor for olefin metathesis to DAP derivatives. An alternative route, based on SnCl4-catalyzed ene reaction of methyl N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)-l-allylglycinate (18) with glyoxylate esters of phenylcyclohexanol isomers as chiral auxiliaries, gave ca. 85:15 ratios of diastereomeric alcohols (19 or 20). These could be transformed to DAP derivatives in a series of steps employing azide displacement of corresponding mesylates to introduce the second nitrogen. A third method, involving reduction of pure dimethyl (6S)-2-keto-6-[N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]pimelate (32) to the corresponding alcohol 33 with (S)-binaphthol−ruthenium catalyst as the key step, gives a 79:21 isomeric ratio. The fourth route employs the bis(oxazoline)−copper complex 41 as a chiral catalyst for the ene reaction of methyl (S)-4-(phenylthio)allylglycinate (39) and methyl glyoxylate to afford 42 in 94:6 isomeric ratio. Nickel boride removal of sulfur and the double bond in the presence of the Cbz group gives the desired alcohol, dimethyl (2S,6S)-6-[N-(benzyloxycarbonyl)amino]-2-hydroxyheptane-1,7-dioate (33). The required selectively protected second nitrogen is introduced using Mitsunobu inversion with N-tert-butyl [[2-(trimethylsilyl)ethyl]sulfonyl]carbamate (34) as a key step.