gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing, Requirements, and Metrics (1998)

The criticality of correct, complete, testable requirements is a fundamental tenet of software engineering. Also critical is complete requirements based testing of the final product. Modern tools for managing requirements allow new metrics to be used in support of both of these critical processes. Using these tools, potential problems with the quality of the requirements and the test plan can be identified early in the life cycle. Some of these quality factors include: ambiguous or incomplete requirements, poorly designed requirements databases, excessive or insufficient test cases, and incomplete linkage of tests to requirements. This paper discusses how metrics can be used to evaluate the quality of the requirements and test to avoid problems later. Requirements management and requirements based testing have always been critical in the implementation of high quality software systems. Recently, automated tools have become available to support requirements management. At NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), automated requirements management tools are being used on several large projects. The use of these tools opens the door to innovative uses of metrics in characterizing test plan quality and assessing overall testing risks. In support of these projects, the Software Assurance Technology Center (SATC) is working to develop and apply a metrics program that utilizes the information now available through the application of requirements management tools. Metrics based on this information provides real-time insight into the testing of requirements and these metrics assist the Project Quality Office in its testing oversight role. This paper discusses three facets of the SATC's efforts to evaluate the quality of the requirements and test plan early in the life cycle, thus preventing costly errors and time delays later.
The Behavior of Rectangular Hysteresis Loop Magnetic Materials Under Current Pulse Conditions (1952)

This paper studies the effect of variation of magnetic and physical parameters on the time needed to change a magnetic toroid from a condition of residual flux density to the opposite condition of saturation flux density. The method of measurement is described, and the experimental results given. These results are compared with results predicted from a solution of the magnetic skin-effect equation. Curves are given which show the variation of switching time with applied magnetic field strength. An equivalent circuit is proposed which dissipates the same amount of energy as the core does during its switching time.
Preparative Isolation and Separation Procedure for Ginkgolides A, B, C, and J and Bilobalide (1997)

A simple preparative method for the isolation and purification of ginkgolides A, B, C, and J and bilobalide (ginkgo terpene trilactones) was developed. As starting material, a commercially available leaf extract from Ginkgo biloba containing ≥ 6% ginkgo terpene trilactones was used. After a partition step with EtOAc, the enriched intermediate extract was separated into the individual terpenes by medium-pressure liquid chromatography on silica impregnated with 6.5% NaOAc with a gradient from petroleum ether−EtOAc to EtOAc−MeOH. After recrystallization from H2O−MeOH, all five terpenes could be isolated in high purity. After a selective extraction with H2O, leaves could also be used as a starting material.
Das Ältere Mittelindisch im Überblick. von Oskar von Hinüber. (Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte, 467. Bd.; Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Sprachen und Kulturen Südasiens, Heft 20.) pp. 209, Wien, Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1986. OS 350, DM 50. (1987)

Das Ältere Mittelindisch im Überblick. von Oskar von Hinüber. (Osterreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Philosophisch-Historische Klasse. Sitzungsberichte, 467. Bd.; Veröffentlichungen der Kommission für Sprachen und Kulturen Südasiens, Heft 20.) pp. 209, Wien, Verlag der Osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1986. OS 350, DM 50. - Volume 119 Issue 2
Bayesian Approach to Network Modularity (2008)

We present an efficient, principled, and interpretable technique for inferring module assignments and for identifying the optimal number of modules in a given network. We show how several existing methods for finding modules can be described as variant, special, or limiting cases of our work, and how the method overcomes the resolution limit problem, accurately recovering the true number of modules. Our approach is based on Bayesian methods for model selection which have been used with success for almost a century, implemented using a variational technique developed only in the past decade. We apply the technique to synthetic and real networks and outline how the method naturally allows selection among competing models.
Ketogenic Diet Metabolites Reduce Firing in Central Neurons by Opening K <sub>ATP</sub> Channels (2007)

A low-carbohydrate ketogenic diet remains one of the most effective (but mysterious) treatments for severe pharmacoresistant epilepsy. We have tested for an acute effect of physiological ketone bodies on neuronal firing rates and excitability, to discover possible therapeutic mechanisms of the ketogenic diet. Physiological concentrations of ketone bodies (beta-hydroxybutyrate or acetoacetate) reduced the spontaneous firing rate of neurons in slices from rat or mouse substantia nigra pars reticulata. This region is thought to act as a "seizure gate," controlling seizure generalization. Consistent with an anticonvulsant role, the ketone body effect is larger for cells that fire more rapidly. The effect of ketone bodies was abolished by eliminating the metabolically sensitive K(ATP) channels pharmacologically or by gene knock-out. We propose that ketone bodies or glycolytic restriction treat epilepsy by augmenting a natural activity-limiting function served by K(ATP) channels in neurons.
Advanced switch-mode concepts using GaN: The class-S amplifier (2010)

Efficiency of power amplifiers for the wireless infrastructure is presently a hot topic. Switch-mode type amplifiers and/or more complex concepts, e.g. Doherty or envelope tracking (ET) are being explored intensively, exploiting the potential of GaN technology. This paper contributes recent results on a related approach, the class-S concept, which offers also compatibility with digital baseband processing. Its potential is evaluated based on realizations for the 450 MHz frequency band with GaN MMICs.
Method of using shadow registers in designing an on-chip debug unit of a microprocessor (2003)

A method to enhance non-intrusive debug capability in microprocessor design is presented. This method works by introducing shadow registers in the debug circuitry. By using the registers, designers no longer need to insert scan chain in the critical path of CPU. Also, using shadow registers to assist debug is extensible when the CPU micro-architecture is becoming more and more complex. In this paper, we present the method of inserting shadow registers and special datapath in the CPU debug module, and illustrate the steps of using these registers during chip debug. This method has also been implemented in our CK520 core and is proved to be successful.
The system of multi-signal information processing based on PCI-E bus (2011)

The multi-source information processing board is given based on PCI-E bus in the paper, which is often used to collect and process the output data of multi-source photoelectric sensor in real time. This paper describes the process of the system development in detail, gives the program of algorithm simulation used to realize the information fusion and image processing, especially introduces the design of each circuit and simulation examples.
Antisense Approaches to the Function of Glial Cell Proteinsa (1992)

Peer Reviewed
Fast coupled noise calculation for crosstalk avoidance in MCM autorouting (2002)

A fast method of crosstalk noise avoidance for correct-by-design MCM routing is discussed. During substrate routing, coupled noise in nets is calculated and noise amplitudes exceeding coupled noise budgets are corrected as part of the routing process. This represents an improvement over the heuristic noise reduction methods employed by some MCM routers and geometrical wiring rules generated by detailed simulation used by others. Lookup tables of coupling data are used in conjunction with closed-form equations in order to obtain noise estimates quickly. The method is applicable to a wide variety of MCM technologies without alteration, since the noise estimation is based only on interconnect geometry and the dielectric constant of the medium. The correctness of the noise estimation has been verified using a transmission line simulator and the effect of the procedure on the routing density achieved by an MCM autorouter has been investigated.
Design and iron loss analysis of sensorless‐controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motors with concentrated winding (2014)

This study investigates the influence of the stator configuration of low‐speed sensorless‐controlled interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) with concentrated winding on the sensorless drive feasibility and iron loss. To evaluate the sensorless controllability of the motors, a mathematical and simulation process of estimating the rotor position error is proposed. In addition, the harmonic iron loss under a load condition is analysed via two‐dimensional non‐linear finite element analysis. Considering both the sensorless drive feasibility and iron loss, the four different IPMSMs, which have different tooth tip configurations in the stator, are examined. It is shown that the machine with a relatively short and thin stator tooth tip has better sensorless drive controllability and lower harmonic iron loss than the others. Based on the analysis result, a final model applied with stator chamfer for electric vehicle traction is proposed and manufactured. The validity of the simulations and the design method are verified by the experiments.
Design of a Potent Combined Pseudopeptide Endothelin-A/Endothelin-B Receptor Antagonist, Ac-<scp>d</scp>Bhg<sup>16</sup>-Leu-Asp-Ile-[NMe]Ile-Trp<sup>21</sup>(PD 156252):  Examination of Its Pharmacokinetic and Spectral Properties (1997)

The endothelins (ETs) are a family of bicyclic 21-amino acid peptides that are potent and prolonged vasoconstrictors. It has been shown that highly potent combined ETA/ETB receptor antagonists can be developed from the C-terminal hexapeptide of ET (His16-Leu17-Asp18-Ile19-Ile20-Trp21), such as Ac-(D)Dip16-Leu-Asp-Ile-Ile-Trp21 (PD 142893) and Ac-DBhg16-Leu-Asp-Ile-Ile-Trp21 (PD 145065). However, these compounds are relatively unstable to enzymatic proteolysis as determined in an in vitro rat intestinal perfusate assay. This instability is thought to be due to carboxypeptidase activity. In fact, incubation of PD 145065 with carboxypeptidase inhibitors greatly increased its half-life in rat intestinal perfusate. By performing a reduced amide bond and N-methyl amino acid scan, it was discovered that N-methylation of Ile-20 resulted in a compound (Ac-DBhg16-Leu-Asp-Ile-[NMe]Ile-Trp21, PD 156252) that retained full receptor affinity at both endothelin receptor subtypes along with enhanced proteolytic stability and cellular permeability. Interestingly, N-methylation of this bond allows the cis configuration to be readily accessible which greatly alters the preferred structure of the entire molecule and may be responsible for the observed enhanced metabolic stability.
Serotonin 5-HT7 Receptor Antagonists (2004)

The 5-HT7R is the most recent addition to the burgeoning family of serotonin receptors. Preliminary evidences suggest that it may be involved in depression, control of circadian rhythms, and relaxation in a variety of vascular smooth muscles, indicating the high potential of 5-HT7R ligands as new therapeutic drugs. During the last four years several selective 5-HT7R antagonists have been discovered, and we have recently contributed to this field with the definition of a pharmacophoric hypothesis for 5-HT7R antagonism and a computational model of ligand-receptor interaction of new naphtholactam and naphthosultam derivatives acting at this receptor. This article will review the development of 5-HT7R antagonists with an emphasis on selective antagonists, their structural requirements and ligand-receptor interactions, as well as the potential therapeutic opportunities surrounding 5-HT7R ligands. Keywords: serotonin, 5-ht7 receptor antagonists, pharmacophore model, computational model, ligand-receptor interaction
Specialty fats (1976)

Abstract The scope of this presentation is limited to hard butters. Their production technology is reviewed briefly with emphasis on principal raw materials and processing. Hard butters are described in terms of composition, certain thermal properties, and end uses. Confectionery and imitation dairy applications are identified as the major world markets for hard butters.
Efficient database screening for rational drug design using pharmacophore-constrained conformational search (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Efficient database screening for rational drug design using pharmacophore-constrained conformational search Authors: Steven M. LaValle Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA Department of Computer Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IAView Profile , Paul W. Finn Pfizer Central Research Sandwich, Kent, UK and Prolifix Ltd., 91 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UK Pfizer Central Research Sandwich, Kent, UK and Prolifix Ltd., 91 Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, UKView Profile , Lydia E. Kavraki Department of Computer Science, Rice University Houston, TX Department of Computer Science, Rice University Houston, TXView Profile , Jeal-Claude Latombe Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA Department of Computer Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CAView Profile Authors Info & Claims RECOMB '99: Proceedings of the third annual international conference on Computational molecular biologyApril 1999 Pages 250–260https://doi.org/10.1145/299432.299489Published:01 April 1999Publication History 3citation668DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations3Total Downloads668Last 12 Months7Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
The Modenizing Process of Japanese Castle-Towns (1993)

THE MODERNIZING PROCESS OF JAPANESE LOCAL CITIES INCLUDES FOUR CHARACTERISTIC SCHEMES FOR URBAN PLANNING IN THREE DISTINCTIVE PERIODS, AS FOLLOWS. THE FIRST IS THE REDEVELOPMENT OF CASTLE-DISTRICTS AND THEIR SURROUNDINGS TO CHANGE THEM FROM FEDUAL TOWNS TO MODERN ONES. THE SECOND IS HOW TO LAY OUT THE RAILWAY AND WHERE TO LOCATE THE STATION THAT WOULD BE ONE MORE IMPORTANT CENTRE IN THE FUTURE. THE THIRD SCHEME IS THE TOWN PLANNING MAPS AUTHORIZED BY THE TOWN PLANNING LAW OF 1919. THE FORTH IS SPECIAL RECONSTRUCTION PLANS WHICH WERE AUTHORIZED IN ALL WAR-DEVASTATED AREAS BY A SPECIAL CITY PLANNING LAW. THE FINDING IS THAT THERE HAVE BEEN CHARACTERISTIC TRANSFORMATIVE PROCEDURES TO MEET THE NEEDS OF MODERN URBAN ACTIVITIES.
Scalable Localization with Mobility Prediction for Underwater Sensor Networks (2008)

Due to adverse aqueous environments, non-negligible node mobility and large network scale, localization for large-scale mobile underwater sensor networks is very challenging. In this paper, by utilizing the predictable mobility patterns of underwater objects, we propose a scheme, called Scalable Localization scheme with mobility prediction (SLMP), for underwater sensor networks. In SLMP, localization is performed in a hierarchical way, and the whole localization process is divided into two parts: anchor node localization and ordinary node localization. During the localization process, every node predicts its future mobility pattern according to its past known location information, and it can estimate its future location based on its predicted mobility pattern. Anchor nodes with known locations in the network will control the whole localization process in order to balance the tradeoff between localization accuracy, localization coverage and communication cost. We conduct extensive simulations, and our results show that SLMP can greatly reduce localization communication cost while maintaining relatively high localization coverage and localization accuracy.
Finding love online: the nature and frequency of Australian adults' internet relationships (2024)

A telephone survey of 1013 Australian adults revealed 78% had used the internet, 13% to form online social relationships. Those forming online relationships tended to be students, young, single, comfortable with new technology, likely to vote Green and unlikely to vote Liberal. When this group was broken down into those who formed online friendships (n = 82) or online romantic relationships (n = 22) close examination of the latter revealed an interesting profile. Those who experienced online romance spanned all age, gender, political and religious groups. Most met their cyberpartner face to face on many occasions and relationships tended to be lasting. Equal proportions of single and partnered individuals admitted they had experienced online romance, indicating that many cyberdaters may be cybercheaters. It appears that the internet is replacing traditional routes to friendship and romance, but further research is needed to clarify the nature and impact of online relationships.
南非Prieska铜矿区与碰撞有关的P—T—t轨迹 (1991)

本文通过对南非Namaqua省格林维尔年龄界线以东Prieska铜矿的岩相学及地质年代学的研究,建立了本区保存完好的PTt轨迹。本区的围岩为Areachap群的一部分,属于英安岩-玄武质火山岩及其不成熟沉积物的高级变质产物,地球化学研究表明它形成于1300Ma以前的弧后构造环境之中。其矿体含有5000万吨块状黄铁矿,并含有闪锌矿、黄铜矿。Middleton(1975)和Wagener(1980)曾首先将其解释为一个几乎未遭变质的Noranda型火山沉积矿床,是蒸发性盆地的沉积产物。而我们的工作表明它经历过高级变质作用,是一个形成于弧后盆地与玄武质岩浆作用有关的Besshi型火山沉积矿床。
Synthesis of Arrayed, TiO<sub>2</sub> Needlelike Nanostructures via a Polystyrene-<i>block</i>-poly(4-vinylpyridine) Diblock Copolymer Template (2004)

Arrayed, needlelike nanostructures of rutile phase crystal TiO2 were grown on a Si substrate containing TiO2 seeds prepared through a thin polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine) (PS-b-P4VP) diblock copolymer template. The morphology of the deposited TiO2 nanostructures was characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). By using TiO2 seeds prepared from their diblock copolymer PS-b-P4VP template, we fabricated arrayed, needlelike rutile TiO2 nanostructures with variable spatial positions and densities. The distance between two TiO2 needle bunches (120 and 160 nm) could be controlled using block copolymer templates with different molecular weights.
Multiple forms of prostate-specific antigen in serum: differences in immunorecognition by monoclonal and polyclonal assays (1993)

Abstract Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in serum is primarily complexed with alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (alpha 1-ACT). However, 12-15% of prostate cancer (PCa) patients present with the predominant form being uncomplexed (free) PSA (Lilja et al., Clin Chem 1991;37:1618-24). We report that commercial immunoassays demonstrate variations in reactivity, especially to the uncomplexed form. We fractionated and analyzed commercial controls, PSA complexes prepared in vitro, and sera from patients with PCa or benign prostatic hyperplasia, using molecular sieve chromatography and Hybritech Tandem-R, Abbott IMx, and Ciba Corning ACS PSA assays. Peak integration of PCa samples demonstrated ACS:Tandem-R ratios of 1-1.3 for PSA/alpha 1-ACT complex. In contrast, ratios of uncomplexed peaks ranged from 2 to 4, suggesting a greater reactivity of the uncomplexed form in the ACS PSA assay. Discrepancies between assays, when PSA was measured in unfractionated sera, correlated directly with the percentage of the uncomplexed form. In controls, fractionation revealed the presence of uncomplexed PSA only, with ratios of ACS:Tandem-R and IMx:Tandem-R of 3:1 and 1.8:1, respectively. Immunoblots of PCa sera detected uncomplexed PSA (approximately 30 kDa) and PSA complexes of approximately 95 kDa (PSA/alpha 1-ACT) and &gt; 200 kDa, indicative of alpha 2-macroglobulin. Maximal recognition of all forms of PSA may be important for early detection of disease progression.
In situ hybridization with biotinylated tyramide amplification: detection of human papillomavirus DNA in cervical neoplastic lesions. (1998)

A novel peroxidase-mediated amplification system, which is based on the deposition of biotinylated tyramide (BT) molecules, was recently described for immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH). We report here a highly sensitive ISH system combined with a microwave prehybridization treatment and BT enhancement after hybridization. Our ISH with BT amplification can detect human papillomavirus (HPV) 16 DNA signals in the fixed SiHa cell, suggesting the ability to detect single or few copies of HPV DNA. To confirm its diagnostic usefulness, we used our ISH with BT amplification to detect HPV 16 DNA in 81 cases of cervical neoplastic lesions, which had been used for routine pathologic diagnosis. Of 81 tumors, 47 (58%) showed HPV 16 DNA, of which 29 and 18 were cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CINs) and invasive cancers, respectively. In almost all of the invasive cancers positive for HPV 16 DNA, ISH revealed a basic dot signal pattern in the nuclei, suggesting that HPV DNA integrated into tumor cell DNA. On the other hand, low-grade CINs displayed a diffuse, mainly episomal, signal pattern, which decreased in frequency with increased grade of CIN. Our ISH with BT amplification is highly sensitive and can be used to detect various genes and their expressions.
Two Single‐Lumen Noncuffed Catheters in the Jugular Vein as Long‐Term Vascular Access: A Preliminary Report (2011)

Two single-lumen, noncuffed catheters in the same jugular vein have been used as preferred vascular access in our hemodialysis (HD) and apheresis patients in past years. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyze the clinical outcome of such a vascular access and the reasons for catheter removal. In 129 adult patients, aged 69 ± 13 years, 56% males, treated by HD (121 patients) or apheresis (8 patients), two single lumen, pre-curved 8 Fr catheters (Medcomp, Harleysville, PA, USA) inserted into the same jugular vein were used as vascular access between January 2009 and April 2010. The catheters were inserted into the left jugular vein in 21 patients, and into the right jugular vein in 108 patients. A 30% solution of trisodium-citrate was used as a locking solution, and 2% mupirocin ointment was routinely applied to the exit site. The catheters were removed in 86 patients after 1-288 days, median 17.5 days. In 74 patients, there was either no need for further dialysis or an arteriovenous fistula was constructed (17 patients). In 10 patients, wire exchange was performed for correction of a displaced functional catheter (after 6-201 days), and in only two patients the catheters were removed due to infection on days 10 and 184. The longest period of a catheter functioning without intervention was 387 days. Fifteen patients died with functional catheters left in place (duration 1-387 days). In four patients, the catheters were still functional at the time of analysis (duration 198-268 days). Another nine patients were transferred to other dialysis centers (after they had been followed up at our center lasting for 1-63 days), with no data on their outcome after transfer. Fifteen patients were lost to follow up after insertion. Two single-lumen, noncuffed catheters in the same jugular vein, locked with 30% citrate, seem to be a safe and long lasting method of vascular access for hemodialysis and apheresis in some patients, but further prospective studies are needed to evaluate the clinical outcome of this type of vascular access.