gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pulse Oximetry in the Diagnosis of Non-Critical Peripheral Vascular Insufficiency (1994)

Pulse oximetry was used to detect return of pulsatile flow in 27 subjects during reactive hyperaemia following 3 min of total limb ischaemia induced by above knee tourniquet occlusion. Fourteen patients with exercise induced leg pain had 18 symptomatic limbs tested. Thirteen controls had 25 limbs tested. Return of pulsatile flow during reactive hyperaemia occurred within 20 s of tourniquet release in the 25 control limbs which was then regarded as normal. The mean time for return of pulsatile flow in 18 symptomatic limbs was 53 +/- 37 s (P < 0.05 versus controls). Three limbs had a normal value, two of which did not have peripheral vascular disease. Pulse oximetry correctly identified all 25 asymptomatic limbs and 15 of 16 patients with claudication secondary to peripheral vascular disease (PVD). This modification of the reactive hyperaemia test using the pulse oximeter is simple and quick to perform. It has potential as a non-invasive screening test for PVD, suitable for outpatient assessment.
Identification of 15‐Keto‐9,11‐Peroxidoprosta‐5,13‐dienoic acid as a hematin‐catalyzed decomposition product of 15‐hydroperoxy‐9,11‐peroxidoprosta‐5,13‐Dienoic acid (1979)

A labile prostaglandin was isolated as one of the products generated from [1-14C] eicosatetraenoic acid incubated with sheep vesicular gland microsomes. The eicosatetraenoic acid metabolite amounted to ca. 16% of the total radiolabeled products. Formation of this new prostaglandin was prevented when heat-denatured microsomes were employed or when incubation mixtures were supplemented with indomethacin or phenol. However, incubation of prostaglandin G2 (PGG2) with hematin in the presence or absence of catalytically active or heat-inactivated microsomes led to production of approximately the same quantity of the new prostaglandin. These results indicated that the new prostaglandin can be formed nonenzymically. The new prostaglandin was conclusively identified by gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis as 15-keto-9,11-peroxidoprosta-5,13-dienoic acid (15-keto-PGG2) after chemical conversion to known prostaglandins. The effects of 15-keto-PGG2 and PGG2 were similar on canine lateral saphenous vein; both promoted contraction followed by prolonged relaxation, but 15-keto-PGG2 appeared to be 1/50 as potent as PGG2.
Neural Regulation of Pancreatic Cancer: A Novel Target for Intervention (2015)

The tumor microenvironment is known to play a pivotal role in driving cancer progression and governing response to therapy. This is of significance in pancreatic cancer where the unique pancreatic tumor microenvironment, characterized by its pronounced desmoplasia and fibrosis, drives early stages of tumor progression and dissemination, and contributes to its associated low survival rates. Several molecular factors that regulate interactions between pancreatic tumors and their surrounding stroma are beginning to be identified. Yet broader physiological factors that influence these interactions remain unclear. Here, we discuss a series of preclinical and mechanistic studies that highlight the important role chronic stress plays as a physiological regulator of neural-tumor interactions in driving the progression of pancreatic cancer. These studies propose several approaches to target stress signaling via the β-adrenergic signaling pathway in order to slow pancreatic tumor growth and metastasis. They also provide evidence to support the use of β-blockers as a novel therapeutic intervention to complement current clinical strategies to improve cancer outcome in patients with pancreatic cancer.
Myocardial LDH isozyme distribution in the ischemic and hypoxic heart. (1976)

Small myocardial specimens were obtained from 12 patients undergoing coronary reconstructive surgery and from 12 patients undergoing surgical correction for cyanotic congenital heart defects. The specimens were analyzed for LDH isozyme distribution. A control analysis was performed on myocardial specimens obtained at the time of surgical correction for acyanotic congenital heart defects in seven patients with normal coronary arteries. There was a 42% increase in the proportion of A subunits in the hearts of coronary patients as compared to controls. This represented a shift toward an anaerobic isozyme distribution. There was no change in the percentage of A units from the hearts of cyanotic patients as compared to acyanotic hearts of the same age. Cardiac muscle from patients with coronary vascular disease had an altered LDH subunit composition. Such an alteration was not present with chronic systemic hypoxia. These deficiencies may or may not be related to differing local metabolic responses to the two conditions. However, in the clinical situations, ischemic heart muscle may be oxygen deprived to the point of lactic acid production while hypoxic heart muscle usually is not. Consequently, these findings may represent a compensatory cellular mechanism which provides for continued energy production during chronic ischemia by enhancing glycolysis.
The YICES SMT Solver (2006)

Abstract. SMT stands for Satisfiability Modulo Theories. An SMT solver decides the satisfiability of propositionally complex formulas in theories such as arithmetic and uninterpreted functions with equality. SMT solving has numerous applications in automated theorem proving, in hardware and software verification, and in scheduling and planning problems. This paper describes Yices, an efficient SMT solver developed at SRI International. Yices supports a rich combination of first-order theories that occur frequently in software and hardware modeling: arithmetic, uninterpreted functions, bit vectors, arrays, recursive datatypes, and more. Beyond pure SMT solving, Yices can solve weighted MAX-SMT problems, compute unsatisfiable cores, and construct models. Yices is the main decision procedure used by the SAL model checking environment, and it is being integrated to the PVS theorem prover. As a MAX-SMT solver, Yices is the main component of the probabilistic consistency engine used in SRI’s CALO system. 1
First and second law analysis applied to building envelope: A theoretical approach on the potentiality of Bejan’s theory (2015)

Especially in the last decade, efforts have been made in developing the sustainable building assessment tools, which are usually performed based on fundamentals of the First Law of Thermodynamics. However this approach does not provide a faithful thermodynamic evaluation of the overall energy conversion processes that occur in buildings, and a more robust approach should be followed. The relevance of Second Law analysis has been here highlighted: in addition to the calculation of energy balances, the concept of exergy is used to evaluate the quality of energy sources, resulting in a higher flexibility of strategies to optimize a building design. Reviews of the progress being made with the constructal law show that diverse phenomena can be considered manifestations of the tendency towards optimization captured by the constructal law. The studies based on First and Second Principle of Thermodynamics results to be affected by the extreme generality of the two laws, which is consequent of the fact that in thermodynamics the ‘‘any system’’ is a black box with no information about design, organization and evolution. In this context, an exploratory analysis on the potentiality of constructal theory, that can be considered a law of thermodynamics, has been finally outlined in order to assess the energy performance in building design.
A mutation that prevents paramutation in maize also reverses <i>Mutator</i> transposon methylation and silencing (2002)

Both paramutation and Mutator (Mu) transposon inactivation involve heritable changes in gene expression without concomitant changes in DNA sequence. The mechanisms by which these shifts in gene activity are achieved are unknown. Here we present evidence that these two phenomena are linked mechanistically. We show that mutation of a gene, modifier of paramutation 1 (mop1), which prevents paramutation at three different loci in maize, can reverse methylation of Mutator elements reliably. In mop1 mutant backgrounds, methylation of nonautonomous Mu elements can be reversed even in the absence of the regulatory MuDR element. Previously silenced MuDR elements are reactivated sporadically after multiple generations of exposure to mop1 mutations. MuDR methylation is separable from MuDR silencing, because removal of methylation does not cause immediate reactivation. The mop1 mutation does not alter the methylation of certain other transposable elements including those just upstream of a paramutable b1 gene. Our results suggest that the mop1 gene acts on a subset of epigenetically regulated sequences in the maize genome and paramutation and Mu element methylation require a common factor, which we hypothesize influences chromatin structure.
Sampling Based on Local Bandwidth (2007)

This paper investigates the sampling of continuous-time signals according to time-varying or local bandwidth. A general framework is established for sampling based on local bandwidth. Two specific representations of local bandwidth are subsequently presented. In the first approach, the time-invariant anti-aliasing filter that typically precedes uniform sampling is generalized to a time-varying lowpass filter. A corresponding sampling and re-synthesis method is developed that achieves perfect reconstruction for a class of self-similar input signals; in most cases, however, perfect reconstruction does not result. In the second approach, local bandwidth is represented in terms of time-warping applied to globally bandlimited signals. The use of time-warping is proposed as a pre-conditioning technique to transform the input signal into one that is as close as possible to being globally bandlimited.
Thirty Years of Prospect Theory in Economics: A Review and Assessment (2013)

In 1979, Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky, published a paper in Econometrica titled “Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk.” The paper presented a new model of risk attitudes called “prospect theory,” which elegantly captured the experimental evidence on risk taking, including the documented violations of expected utility. More than 30 years later, prospect theory is still widely viewed as the best available description of how people evaluate risk in experimental settings. However, there are still relatively few well-known and broadly accepted applications of prospect theory in economics. One might be tempted to conclude that, even if prospect theory is an excellent description of behavior in experimental settings, it is less relevant outside the laboratory. In my view, this lesson would be incorrect. Over the past decade, researchers in the field of behavioral economics have put a lot of thought into how prospect theory should be applied in economic settings. This effort is bearing fruit. A significant body of theoretical work now incorporates the ideas in prospect theory into more traditional models of economic behavior, and a growing body of empirical work tests the predictions of these new theories. I am optimistic that some insights of prospect theory will eventually find a permanent and significant place in mainstream economic analysis.
Functional analysis of bovine TLR5 and association with IgA responses of cattle following systemic immunisation with H7 flagella (2015)

Flagellin subunits are important inducers of host immune responses through activation of TLR5 when extracellular and the inflammasome if cytosolic. Our previous work demonstrated that systemic immunization of cattle with flagella generates systemic and mucosal IgA responses. The IgA response in mice is TLR5-dependent and TLR5 can impact on the general magnitude of the adaptive response. However, due to sequence differences between bovine and human/murine TLR5 sequences, it is not clear whether bovine TLR5 (bTLR5) is able to stimulate an inflammatory response following interaction with flagellin. To address this we have examined the innate responses of both human and bovine cells containing bTLR5 to H7 flagellin from E. coli O157:H7. Both HEK293 (human origin) and embryonic bovine lung (EBL) cells transfected with bTLR5 responded to addition of H7 flagellin compared to non-transfected controls. Responses were significantly reduced when mutations were introduced into the TLR5-binding regions of H7 flagellin, including an R90T substitution. In bovine primary macrophages, flagellin-stimulated CXCL8 mRNA and secreted protein levels were significantly reduced when TLR5 transcript levels were suppressed by specific siRNAs and stimulation was reduced with the R90T-H7 variant. While these results indicate that the bTLR5 sequence produces a functional flagellin-recognition receptor, cattle immunized with R90T-H7 flagella also demonstrated systemic IgA responses to the flagellin in comparison to adjuvant only controls. This presumably either reflects our findings that R90T-H7 still activates bTLR5, albeit with reduced efficiency compared to WT H7 flagellin, or that other flagellin recognition pathways may play a role in this mucosal response.
Texture modelling, estimation and validation using measured sea clutter data (2002)

The authors consider modelling and estimating the texture in high resolution non-Gaussian sea clutter. Cyclostationarity of sea clutter is investigated and validated by processing measured high-resolution data. The clutter is modelled as a compound Gaussian process and the texture as the superposition of real cosines with unknown frequencies, amplitudes and phases. A method is proposed for estimating the model parameters and retrieving the texture component from the intensity data in the presence of multiplicative noise with unknown power spectral density. The method exploits the clutter cyclostationarity and is based on a RELAXation optimisation approach. The ability of the proposed method to retrieve texture information is investigated by processing simulated and measured sea clutter data.
GAMMA–2 MSH IS NATRIURETIC IN THE RAT (1985)

Previous reports suggest that peptides containing an amino acid sequence similar to that of ACTH-(4-10) increased Na excretion in the rat. gamma 2MSH contains such a sequence. An in vivo rat bioassay for natriuretic factors was employed to demonstrate the natriuretic action of gamma 2MSH. A significant natriuretic effect was observed, with a peak response 30-50 min following the bolus injections of 0.64, 6.4 or 64 pmol, but not with smaller or larger amounts of gamma 2MSH. A kaliuretic and diuretic action of gamma 2MSH was not consistently evident. gamma MSH may represent an endogenous compound involved in the physiological regulation of Na excretion.
Clinical and experimental evidence of Bcl-2 involvement in the response to photodynamic therapy. (2001)

Bcl-2 protein expression is associated with favorable response to PDT and can be used as a predictor of cancer response to PDT. This finding can be explained by experimental studies showing that PDT induces selective degradation of the bcl-2 protein, leading to apoptosis by decreasing the bcl-2/bax ratio. Studies on PDT combination with agents targeting bcl-2 (i.e. taxanes) are on going to eventually assess a super-additive effect.
Modeling and simulation of an optimized wireless network in a Naval ship system of systems (2009)

The United States Navy would like to reduce operational bottlenecks and manning costs on ships to enable efficient naval operations. The main objective of this thesis was to develop a model-based simulation for evaluating the operational capability of a Navy ship and its crew as a system of systems. In agent-based simulations of this system of systems model, a wireless computer network enabled interactions amongst the crew throughout the ship environment. The effects of normal operating scenarios as well as emergency scenarios, such as compartment fires and equipment failures, were studied. Physical experiments consisting of signal strength measurements and data transfers were performed on a small network, and the non-linear relationships between the locations of crewmembers, signal strengths, and corresponding data rates were recorded and analyzed. The model that was developed describes the behavior of the signal due to several obstacles that were used to represent a simulated ship environment. The number of crewmembers, access points, and failure scenarios corresponding to a specific schedule was used to examine characteristics related to access point utilization and data transfer times. In the set of simulated ship operational scenarios, the wireless network communication performance was shown to be robust to failure of either the highest or lowest utilized access points. Finally, a reduced number of crewmembers communicating over the wireless network was shown to enable the ship to complete its defined missions.
mirEX 2.0 - an integrated environment for expression profiling of plant microRNAs (2015)

The mirEX 2.0 portal provides the plant research community with easily accessible data and powerful tools for application in multi-conditioned analyses of miRNA expression from important plant species in different biological and developmental backgrounds.
Effects of KCl concentration on accumulation of acyclic sugar alcohols and trehalose in conidia of three entomopathogenic fungi (1994)

Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae and Paecilomyces farinosus were grown on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) modified with KCl to give a range of water activity (aw) from 0.938 to 0.998. Growth of all three species was optimal at 0.983 aw and growth occurred over the aw range tested. Acyclic sugar alcohol (polyol) and trehalose content of conidia was determined by HPLC and found to vary with species and aw. Conidia of B. bassiana and P. farinosus were found to contain totals of 1.5% and 2.3% polyols respectively at 0.998 aw, and double these amounts at <0.950 aw. Conidia of M. anisopliae contained from 5.7% to 6.8% polyols at each aw tested. In conidia of all three species the predominant polyol was mannitol. The lower molecular weight polyols, arabitol and erythritol, were found to accumulate at reduced aw. Small amounts of glycerol were present in conidia of each species; <15% total polyols. Conidia of B. bassiana and M. anisopliae contained about 0.5% trehalose from 0.970 to 0.998 aw, but only trace amounts below 0.950 aw. Conidia of P. farinosus contained 2.1% trehalose at 0.998 aw and this decreased to <0.1% below 0.950 aw. Potential to manipulate the endogenous reserves of conidia of these biological control agents to enhance viability and desiccation toierance is discussed
Improved diagnostic accuracy using monoclonal antibody group A streptococcal carbohydrate (1980)

Monoclonal mouse antibody to streptococcal group A carbohydrate was evaluated in diagnostic microbiology laboratory. A total of 262 isolates of beta-hemolytic streptococci were classified with commercial reagents and the monoclonal antibody to group A carbohydrate by using immunofluorescence and Lancefield precipitin tests. Both nonoclonal and commercial antibodies were identifically reactive by the precipitin test but significantly different by immunofluroescence. Monoclonal antibody gave the same reactivity as seen in the precipitin test, but commercial antibodies gave both false-positive and false-negative results. These results suggest that monoclonal reagents may be superior to conventional antisera.
Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of BRD4-regulated genes and pathways in human glioma U251 cells (2018)

Bromodomain containing 4 (BRD4), a member of the bromodomain and extra-terminal family, has become a promising drug target for numerous types of cancer. BRD4 has been reported to be deregulated in gliomas; however, the precise molecular pathways regulated by BRD4 remained elusive. In the present study, BRD4 expression was silenced in the glioma cell line U251 and the results demonstrated that BRD4 knockdown attenuated cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis. A genome-wide analysis of BRD4-regulated transcripts in U251 cells was performed using microarray to reveal the possible molecular mechanism. A total of 3,529 differentially expressed genes were identified; 1,648 of these genes were upregulated and 1,881 were downregulated. The results of the gene ontology analysis revealed that these genes were mainly involved in membrane organization, mitotic cell cycle, cell division and DNA replication. Pathway analysis revealed that the pathways altered following BRD4 knockdown included multiple cellular processes, such as cell cycle and apoptosis. Candidate genes were identified through global signal transduction network analysis and were validated using reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses. The results demonstrated that BRD4 knockdown decreased the expression of KRAS proto-oncogene GTPase (KRAS). Downregulated KRAS expression in U251 cells restrained cell proliferation and promoted cell apoptosis, suggesting that the effect of BRD4 on glioma cells might occur through the Ras pathway. In conclusion, the present results confirmed the role of BRD4 in glioma and provided information for further exploration of the molecular mechanism of BRD4 in glioma development and progression.
Investigating GSM Control Channels with RTL-SDR and GNU Radio (2016)

This paper focuses on the compliance of publicly available specifications of Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) with the extremely closed GSM industry with the help of RTL-SDR, GNU Radio and Wireshark. GNU Radio is a free and open software which enables the translation of real-world systems to programmable flow graphs. GSM, together with other technologies, is part of the evolution of wireless mobile telecommunications. Hence, verification of GSM working is of crucial importance. During this paper, Control channel information like the bandwidth for specific network providers was reckoned, along with the IMSI number and ARFCN channel in use by mobile device of the respective network. It was also noted that observed cell towers used both frequency hopping and encryption. The channel information thus obtained provides efficient techniques for the detection of spectrum holes providing high spectral resolution capability.
Follicular helper T cells serve as the major CD4 T cell compartment for HIV-1 infection, replication, and production (2012)

In the present study, we have investigated the distribution of HIV-specific and HIV-infected CD4 T cells within different populations of memory CD4 T cells isolated from lymph nodes of viremic HIV-infected subjects. Four memory CD4 T cell populations were identified on the basis of the expression of CXCR5, PD-1, and Bcl-6: CXCR5(-)PD-1(-)Bcl-6(-), CXCR5(+)PD-1(-)Bcl-6(-), CXCR5(-)PD-1(+)Bcl-6(-), and CXCR5(+)PD-1(+)Bcl-6(+). On the basis of Bcl-6 expression and functional properties (IL-21 production and B cell help), the CXCR5(+)PD-1(+)Bcl-6(+) cell population was considered to correspond to the T follicular helper (Tfh) cell population. We show that Tfh and CXCR5(-)PD-1(+) cell populations are enriched in HIV-specific CD4 T cells, and these populations are significantly increased in viremic HIV-infected subjects as compared with healthy subjects. The Tfh cell population contained the highest percentage of CD4 T cells harboring HIV DNA and was the most efficient in supporting productive infection in vitro. Replication competent HIV was also readily isolated from Tfh cells in subjects with nonprogressive infection and low viremia (<1,000 HIV RNA copies). However, only the percentage of Tfh cells correlated with the levels of plasma viremia. These results demonstrate that Tfh cells serve as the major CD4 T cell compartment for HIV infection, replication, and production.