gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Immunomodulatory effects of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (<i>natto</i>) B4 spores on murine macrophages (2012)

To investigate the immunomodulatory effects of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) (natto) B4 spores on murine macrophage, RAW 264.7 cells were cultured alone or with B subtilis (natto) B4 spores at 37°C for 12 hrs, then both cells and culture supernatants were collected for analyses. Exposure of RAW 264.7 cells to B. subtilis (natto) B4 spores had no significant effects on macrophage viability and amounts of extracellular lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). However, it remarkably increased the activities of acid phosphatase (ACP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in cells and the amounts of nitric oxide (NO) and cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interferon-gamma, interleukin [IL]-1 beta, IL-6, IL-12, IL-10 and macrophage inflammatory protein-2) in culture supernatants. These results demonstrate that B. subtilis (natto) B4 spores are harmless to murine macrophages and can stimulate their activation through up-regulation of ACP and LDH activities and enhance their immune function by increasing iNOS activity and stimulating NO and cytokine production. The above findings suggest that B. subtilis (natto) B4 spores have immunomodulatory effects on macrophages.
A facile route for 3D aerogels from nanostructured 1D and 2D materials (2012)

Aerogels have numerous applications due to their high surface area and low densities. However, creating aerogels from a large variety of materials has remained an outstanding challenge. Here, we report a new methodology to enable aerogel production with a wide range of materials. The method is based on the assembly of anisotropic nano-objects (one-dimensional (1D) nanotubes, nanowires, or two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets) into a cross-linking network from their colloidal suspensions at the transition from the semi-dilute to the isotropic concentrated regime. The resultant aerogels have highly porous and ultrafine three-dimensional (3D) networks consisting of 1D (Ag, Si, MnO(2), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs)) and 2D materials (MoS(2), graphene, h-BN) with high surface areas, low densities, and high electrical conductivities. This method opens up a facile route for aerogel production with a wide variety of materials and tremendous opportunities for bio-scaffold, energy storage, thermoelectric, catalysis, and hydrogen storage applications.
Inositol monophosphatase inhibitors—Lithium mimetics? (1997)

Given the putative role of inositol monophosphatase (IMPase) as the molecular target for the therapeutic effects of lithium, inhibitors of this enzyme have been proposed to be lithium-mimetics. Although cation and natural product inhibitors of IMPase have been described, these have not proved suitable for cell culture studies due to a lack of specificity. On the other hand, substrate (inositol 1-phosphate)-based inhibitors have proved useful for showing that this class of compounds mimic lithium with respect to effects on the phosphatidylinositol (PI) cell-signaling pathway. However, since these compounds are highly charged, their polarity means they are not suitable for in vivo use. Finally, the recent elucidation of the structure and mechanism of IMPase may provide the opportunity to develop compounds which specifically interact with key structural and mechanistic features of the enzyme and would represent novel structure- or mechanism-based inhibitors.
Phase equilibria in fluid inclusions in ultramafic xenoliths (1978)

Over 200 fluid inclusions in five dunite, peridotite, and pyroxenite xenoliths associated with basaltic rocks from Arizona, Hawaii, and Germany were examined using a petrographic microscope equipped for cooling to - 140.C. The temperatures of phase changes observed in individual fluid inclusions are interpreted according to published, experimentally determined phase equilibria as follows: (l) Most inclusions contain nearly pure co, and, in some cases, a small amount (on the order of 0.05 to 0.10 mole fraction) of Sor, HrS, or cos. only one inclusion contains a possible aqueous phase. (2) The CO, fluid densities range from 0.34 to l.l4 gm/cms. Assuming a temperature of entrapment of 1200C, this implies confining pressures of more than l0 kilobars at the time of entrapment of the densest inclusions. The presence ofglass linings on some ofthe inclusion walls suggests coexistence at depth of a COr-rich volatile phase with a melt phase at the time of entrapment of the two fluids in ihe host minerals. Compositions of the glass linings of two samples, Dreiser Wehier, Germany, and Red Hill, Arizona, most closely match high-alumina andesite and high-alumina basalt, respectively.
Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in plasma and cellular lipid metabolism (2008)

Microsomal triglyceride transfer protein is a target to lower plasma lipids and to reduce inflammation in certain immune disorders. More knowledge is required, however, regarding its regulation and its role in the biosynthesis of apoB-containing lipoproteins and CD1d.
Composition, structure, functionality, and chemical modification of legume starches: a review (1991)

The major carbohydrate of the legume seed is starch, which represents up to 45% of the total seed weight. In recent years, substantial progress has been made in understanding the relationship between starch structure and functionality. However, these studies have been mainly on cereal and tuber starches. The present status of knowledge on the composition, structure, functionality, digestibility, and chemical modification of legume starches is reviewed. In addition present concepts of granule structure, gelatinization, retrogradation, and rheology are also reviewed. Future research needs in the area of legume starch chemistry are discussed.
Structure, function and engineering of Bacillus thuringiensis toxins. (1995)

Nature has provided potent insecticidal toxins as fermentation products of many Bacillus thuringiensis strains. Elucidation of structure-function relationships for this class of natural toxins is in its early stages. Both direct experimentation and application of theoretical structure-function principles emerging from the rapidly growing field of protein structure are accelerating understanding of these toxins. Coupled with the increasing demand for biologically sound pesticides, the benefits from engineering nature's toxins for improved performance set the stage for exciting, fast growth in discovery, characterization and commercialization of new active ingredients for biopesticides and transgenic plants.
Polyaniline nanotube composites: A high-resolution printable conductor (2003)

Polyaniline/single wall carbon nanotube composites were prepared to be used as printable conductors for organic electronics devices. We show here that the high aspect ratio of single wall carbon nanotubes enables percolation into a conducting network at extremely low nanotube concentration. The nature of the transport mechanism is revealed by the temperature dependence of the conductivity of these percolating composites. We demonstrate here that these thin composite films are printable via laser ablation with high resolution while retaining appropriate conductivity. The utility of these findings is illustrated by printing structures, which could serve as a source and drain with 7 μm channel and 2 S/cm conductivity for use in plastic transistors.
Factors Affecting Quality of Fish Oil Mayonnaise (1991)

ABSTRACT Packaging conditions, antioxidants, metals, and storage temperature affected the quality of fish oil mayonnaise (FOM). TBHQ was a successful antioxidant but ascorbate was not. Nitrogen retarded oxidation more than TBHQ. The metal content of FO was as low as soy oil (SO), suggesting that differences in quality deterioration were not due to metal content. FOM was more stable at refrigerator temperatures (2°C) than at higher temperatures (30°C). The sensory quality of deodorized FOM was equal to SO mayonnaise using TBHQ (0.02%), nitrogen, and storing at 2°C for 14 wk.
Robust transmission of JPEG2000 images over noisy channels (2002)

An unequal channel protection technique for JPEG2000 encoded images is proposed. The proposed technique takes advantage of the hierarchical organization of the JPEG2000 bit-stream and protects only the most important part of the compressed bit-stream, by means of a rate compatible punctured convolutional code. Both single-quality-layer and multiple-quality-layer compressions are considered. The performance of this technique is evaluated under various noisy channel conditions. Simulation results show that the probability of correct decoding the received information and the quality of the reconstructed image are improved by the proposed technique.
Content-Based Image Classification (2020)

Content-Based Image Classification: Efficient Machine Learning Using Robust Feature Extraction Techniques is a comprehensive guide to research with invaluable image data. Social Science Research Network has revealed that 65% of people are visual learners. Research data provided by Hyerle (2000) has clearly shown 90% of information in the human brain is visual. Thus, it is no wonder that visual information processing in the brain is 60,000 times faster than text-based information (3M Corporation, 2001). Recently, we have witnessed a significant surge in conversing with images due to the popularity of social networking platforms. The other reason for embracing usage of image data is the mass availability of high-resolution cellphone cameras. Wide usage of image data in diversified application areas including medical science, media, sports, remote sensing, and so on, has spurred the need for further research in optimizing archival, maintenance, and retrieval of appropriate image content to leverage data-driven decision-making. This book demonstrates several techniques of image processing to represent image data in a desired format for information identification. It discusses the application of machine learning and deep learning for identifying and categorizing appropriate image data helpful in designing automated decision support systems. The book offers comprehensive coverage of the most essential topics, including: Image feature extraction with novel handcrafted techniques (traditional feature extraction) Image feature extraction with automated techniques (representation learning with CNNs) Significance of fusion-based approaches in enhancing classification accuracy MATLAB® codes for implementing the techniques Use of the Open Access data mining tool WEKA for multiple tasks The book is intended for budding researchers, technocrats, engineering students, and machine learning/deep learning enthusiasts who are willing to start their computer vision journey with content-based image recognition. The readers will get a clear picture of the essentials for transforming the image data into valuable means for insight generation. Readers will learn coding techniques necessary to propose novel mechanisms and disruptive approaches. The WEKA guide provided is beneficial for those uncomfortable coding for machine learning algorithms. The WEKA tool assists the learner in implementing machine learning algorithms with the click of a button. Thus, this book will be a stepping-stone for your machine learning journey. Please visit the author's website for any further guidance at https://www.rikdas.com/
Nucleation Control of Silicon-Germanium on Silicon Oxide for Selective Epitaxy and Polysilicon Formation in Ultraclean Low-Pressure CVD (1990)

1990 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Nucleation Control of Silicon-Germanium on Silicon Oxide for Selective Epitaxy and Polysilicon Formation in Ultraclean Low-Pressure CVD
Liver homing of clinical grade Tregs after therapeutic infusion in patients with autoimmune hepatitis (2019)

Autoimmune liver diseases occur when the body's immune cells target their own liver cells. Regulatory T cells (Tregs) prevent autoimmunity, thus they are a potential therapy for autoimmune liver diseases. In patients with autoimmune hepatitis, Treg infusion is safe, with nearly a quarter of infused Tregs homing to the liver and suppressing tissue-damaging effector T cells. Thus, Tregs are a potentially curative immune cell therapy for early autoimmune liver diseases.
Notice of Removal Flight path optimization of solar powered UAV for endurance flight (2015)

Endurance flight capability of solar powered UAV is an important element in performing various missions. In the limited conditions such as solar cell efficiency or sunray radiant quantities, an efficient operation is required to achieve continuous flight. In order to improve endurance flight capability of solar powered UAV, this study tried to optimize flight path through the use of gravitational potential energy by controlling flight altitude and through aircraft attitude control. The energy model includes the solar position, aircraft attitude, and aerodynamics characteristics, and the influence of air density and atmospheric transmittance was considered according to flight altitude change. Through a case study, energy optimization was performed for endurance flight. As a result of simulation, compared to level flight, energy acquisition increased and battery use decreased, which indicates that flight path optimization is effective for improvement of endurance flight capability.
Differential influence of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxynonenal on the growth of human lymphatic leukaemia cells and human periopherial blood lymphocytes. (2002)

The purpose of this study was to compare the influence of physiological and supraphysiological concentrations of 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), a peroxidation product of omega-6-polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the proliferation of malignant CEM-NKR lymphatic leukaemia cells and normal human lymphocytes (HPBM). Furthermore the growth modulating effect of phytohemagglutinin (PHA) on both cell lines was examined. The effects of HNE were monitored 18 hours and 3 days after incubation, using two different DNA-synthesis assays ([3H]-thymidine- and BrdU- incorporation) and a mitochondrial dehydrogenases activity assay (MTT). On the one hand HNE showed dose-dependent effects on both of the cell lines, while on the other hand a clear difference between the response of CEM-NKR cells and HPBM cells, respectively, to HNE was observed. On CDM-NKR cells, both concentrations of HNE caused significant cytotoxic effects on DNA-synthesis as well as on mitochondrial activity, while in contrast, HNE did not show any significant toxicity to HPBM cells. After 3 days there was even a slight stimulation of DNA synthesis with the physiological concentration of HNE. Furthermore the presence of PHA in the culture medium increased the difference of the response of CEM-NKR and HPBM cells, respectively to HNE.
Developments in the scientific understanding of rheumatoid arthritis (2009)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is recognized to be an autoimmune disease that causes preclinical systemic abnormalities and eventually leads to synovial inflammation and destruction of the joint architecture. Recently identified genetic risk factors and novel insights from animal models of spontaneous arthritis have lent support to the concept that thymic selection of an autoreactive T-cell repertoire is an important risk factor for this disease. With advancing age, defects in the homeostatic control of the T-cell pool and in the setting of signaling thresholds lead to the accumulation of pro-inflammatory T-effector cell populations and loss of tolerance to neo-antigens, such as citrullinated peptides. As the breakdown of tolerance to modified self-antigens can precede synovitis by decades, repair of homeostatic defects may open a unique window of opportunity for preventive interventions in RA. The end result of RA, destruction of cartilage and bone, appears to be driven by cytokine- and cell contact-induced activation of synoviocytes and monocytic cells, some of which differentiate into tissue-destructive osteoclasts. Targeting mediators involved in this process has greatly improved the management of this chronic inflammatory syndrome.
Effects of substrate and deposition method onto the mirror scattering (2006)

The effect of surface roughness onto the mirror scattering has been studied. Five kinds of substrates with different surface roughness were fabricated. On those substrates, dielectric multilayer coating for high reflectivity was deposited by ion-beam sputtering (IBS) and by electron-beam (EB) evaporation. Total integrated scattering (TIS) measurement setup was built for the evaluation of deposited samples. Most of the IBS mirrors showed lower scattering than the EB mirrors, which were deposited on the similar substrates in surface roughness. The ratio of substrate TIS to mirror TIS was defined for evaluation. It increased abruptly at approximately 2A in surface roughness, which indicated that to make low-loss mirrors, the substrate roughness should be less than 2A in rms.
Various physicochemical and surface properties controlling the bioactivity of cerium oxide nanoparticles (2018)

Amidst numerous emerging nanoparticles, cerium oxide nanoparticles (CNPs) possess fascinating pharmacological potential as they can be used as a therapeutic for various oxidative stress-associated chronic diseases such as cancer, inflammation and neurodegeneration due to unique redox cycling between Ce<sup>3+</sup> and Ce<sup>4+</sup> oxidation states on their surface. Lattice defects generated by the formation of Ce<sup>3+</sup> ions and compensation by oxygen vacancies on CNPs surface has led to switching between CeO<sub>2</sub> and CeO<sub>2-x</sub> during redox reactions making CNPs a lucrative catalytic nanoparticle capable of mimicking key natural antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. Eventually, most of the reactive oxygen species and nitrogen species in biological system are scavenged by CNPs via an auto-regenerative mechanism in which a minimum dose can exhibit catalytic activity for a longer duration. Due to the controversial outcomes on CNPs toxicity, considerable attention has recently been drawn towards establishing relationships between the physicochemical properties of CNPs obtained by different synthesis methods and biological effects ranging from toxicity to therapeutics. Unlike non-redox active nanoparticles, variations in physicochemical properties and the surface properties of CNPs obtained from different synthesis methods can significantly affect their biological activity (inactive, antioxidant, or pro-oxidant). Moreover, these properties can influence the biological identity, cellular interactions, cellular uptake, biodistribution, and therapeutic efficiency. This review aims to highlight the critical role of various physicochemical and the surface properties of CNPs controlling their biological activity based on 165 cited references.
Solvent Extraction Studies of Zinc and Cadmium with Aliquat 336-S in Aqueous Chloride Solutions (1975)

Abstract New solvent extraction systems have been developed for the extraction of zinc and cadmium from aqueous chloride solution using Aliquat 336-S dissolved in the nonpolar solvents heavy aromatic naphtha and xylene as the extractant. Moderately high concentrations of the metalions (1 mg/ml zinc and 2 mg/ml Cd) can be extracted quantitatively from acid solutions with an equal volume of 5% Aliquat 336-S solution in 15 sec. Both zinc and cadmium can be stripped from the organic phase with a series of aqueous stripping solutions. When comparing zinc and cadmium, cadmium is the easier to extract and the more difficult to strip under the same experimental conditions.
Hand-Foot Skin Reaction Increases with Cumulative Sorafenib Dose and with Combination Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy (2009)

Sorafenib-related HFSR is associated with increasing cumulative sorafenib dose. HFSR is increased in patients treated with bevacizumab/sorafenib combination anti-VEGF therapy, and this finding is not explained by pharmacokinetic interaction between the two agents. Our results suggest that the pathophysiology of HFSR may be related to VEGF inhibition.
Clofibrate in coronary heart disease. Effect on morbidity and mortality (1972)

A series of 1,001 men free of coronary heart disease and 67 with disease with an average age of 47.5 years were divided in two groups pairmatched for risk factors. One group was treated with an antilipemic agent (clofibrate) whereas the other remained untreated for 39 months. The nonfatal myocardial infarction rate was 6.6/1,000/yr and 1.89/1,000/yr for untreated and treated men, respectively. Two younger unmatched treated and untreated groups totaling 2,218 men who had an average age of 37.5 years and were free of coronary heart disease were observed for 32.4 and 22.8 months, respectively. The incidence of nonfatal myocardial infarction was 5.0/1,000/yr in the untreated and 0.64/1,000/yr in the treated individuals. These results were observed notwithstanding the persistence of varying degrees of hyperlipidemia in some treated individuals. There was no significant difference in mortality at this time.
Nanoglasses: a new kind of noncrystalline materials (2013)

Nanoglasses are a new class of noncrystalline solids. They differ from today's glasses due to their microstructure that resembles the microstructure of polycrystals. They consist of regions with a melt-quenched glassy structure connected by interfacial regions, the structure of which is characterized (in comparison to the corresponding melt-quenched glass) by (1) a reduced (up to about 10%) density, (2) a reduced (up to about 20%) number of nearest-neighbor atoms and (3) a different electronic structure. Due to their new kind of atomic and electronic structure, the properties of nanoglasses may be modified by (1) controlling the size of the glassy regions (i.e., the volume fraction of the interfacial regions) and/or (2) by varying their chemical composition. Nanoglasses exhibit new properties, e.g., a Fe90Sc10 nanoglass is (at 300 K) a strong ferromagnet whereas the corresponding melt-quenched glass is paramagnetic. Moreover, nanoglasses were noted to be more ductile, more biocompatible, and catalytically more active than the corresponding melt-quenched glasses. Hence, this new class of noncrystalline materials may open the way to technologies utilizing the new properties.
Induction of apoptosis in prostate cancer by ginsenoside Rh2 (2018)

The therapeutic action of ginsenoside Rh2 on several cancer models has been reported. This study aimed to evaluate its apoptotic effect on prostate cancer and the underlying mechanism. Cultured DU145 cells were treated with Rh2 (5 × 10<sup>-5</sup> to 1 × 10<sup>-4</sup> M), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-delta (PPAR-delta) antagonist GSK0660 (1 × 10<sup>-6</sup> to 5 × 10<sup>-6</sup> M); or small interfering RNA (siRNA) of PPAR-delta. The treatment effects were evaluated with cell viability assay, life/death staining and flow cytometry for apoptosis. Immunostaining was used for reactive oxygen species (ROS) and superoxide detection. Western blot analysis for PPAR-delta and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) protein expression were performed. The results showed that Rh2 significantly decreased DU145 cell survival and increased cell apoptosis. ROS and superoxide induction, PPAR-delta up-regulation and phosphorylated STAT3 (p-STAT3) down-regulation by Rh2 were demonstrated. GSK0660 partially but significantly inhibited the Rh2-induced apoptosis and restored cell viability. Treatment with siRNA reversed the Rh2-induced apoptosis as well as changes in PPAR-delta and p-STAT3 expression. In conclusion, our findings have demonstrated that ginsenoside Rh2 induces prostate cancer DU145 cells apoptosis through up-regulation of PPAR-delta expression which is associated with p-STAT3 up-regulation and ROS/superoxide induction. Rh2 may be potentially useful in the treatment of prostate cancer.