gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Positive charges and underwater adhesion (2015)

Mussels stick under water by using their own ions to combat the salt around them [Also see Report by Maier et al. ]
Using Manipulation Primitives for Object Sorting in Cluttered Environments (2014)

This paper explores the idea of manipulation-aided perception and grasping in the context of sorting small objects on a cluttered tabletop. We present a robust pipeline that combines perception and manipulation to accurately sort objects by some property (e.g., color, size, shape, etc.). The pipeline uses two motion primitives to manipulate the scene in ways that help the robot to improve its perception and grasps. This results in the ability to sort cluttered object piles accurately. We also present an implementation on the PR2 robot that applies our algorithm to sort Duplo bricks by color and size, and compare our method to brick sorting without the aid of manipulation. The experimental results demonstrate the benefits of our approach, particularly in environments with a high degree of clutter.
THE MORTALITY OF BACTERIOPHAGE CONTAINING ASSIMILATED RADIOACTIVE PHOSPHORUS (1951)

The bacteriophage T4 containing assimilated radioactive phosphorus is inactivated at a rate proportional to the specific radioactivity of the constituent phosphorus. The beta radiation from the phosphorus makes a negligible contribution to this effect. The inactivation is therefore a direct consequence of the nuclear reaction, which kills the phage with an efficiency of about 1/12. Several phages related to T4 behave similarly. When radioactive phage is grown from a seed of non-radioactive phage, all of the phage progeny are subject to killing by radioactive decay. The phage is killed by beta radiation from P(32) with an efficiency of about 1/100 per ionization within the particle volume. Bacteriophage T4 and its relatives contain about 500,000 atoms of phosphorus per infective particle. Virtually all this phosphorus is adsorbed to bacteria with the specificity characteristic of the infective particles, and none of it can be removed from the particles by the enzyme desoxyribonuclease. The phosphorus content per particle, together with the published data on analytical composition, indicates a particle diameter close to 110 mmicro for the varieties of phage studied.
Crowdsensing the speaker count in the wild: implications and applications (2014)

The mobile crowdsensing (MCS) paradigm enables large-scale sensing opportunities at lower deployment costs than dedicated infrastructures by utilizing today¿s large number of mobile devices. In the context of MCS, end users with sensing and computing devices can share and extract information of common interest. In this article, we examine Crowd++, an MCS application that accurately estimates the number of people talking in a certain place through unsupervised machine learning analysis on audio segments captured by mobile devices. Such a technique can find application in many domains, such as crowd estimation, social sensing, and personal well being assessment. In this article, we demonstrate the utility of this technique in the context of conference room usage estimation, social diaries, and social engagement in a power-efficient manner followed by a discussion on privacy and possible optimizations to Crowd++ software.
Mutations in the C-Terminal Part of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-Binding Protein-1 Result in Dimer Formation and Loss of IGF Binding Capacity (1991)

In an attempt to define domains in insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) that are involved in IGF binding, we subjected the carboxyl end of the coding region of IGFBP-1 cDNA to mutagenesis. Mutant cDNAs were isolated, characterized by sequencing, and cloned in an expression vector under control of the simian virus-40 (SV40) early promoter. The constructs were transfected into COS-1 cells, and the mutant proteins, secreted into the culture medium, were analyzed for IGF binding by ligand blotting. The results obtained show that deletion of the C-terminal 20 amino acids or introduction of frame-shifts in this region resulted in loss of IGF binding and for some mutants in the formation of dimeric IGFBP-1 molecules. These dimers are probably formed when cysteine-226 (Cys-226) is missing, and its putative partner is able to form intermolecular disulfide bonds. Site-directed mutagenesis demonstrated that most of the introduced point mutations in the C-terminal region did not affect IGF binding. Only mutation of Cys-226 to tyrosine completely abolished IGF binding, as did the introduction of a negatively charged amino acid in the vicinity of this residue. Again, dimers were observed, supporting that Cys-226 is essential for the conformation of IGFBP-1. In addition, our data suggest that an IGF-binding domain may be located in the vicinity of the intramolecular disulfide bond formed by Cys-226 and its putative partner.
ALACA: A platform for dynamic alarm collection and alert notification in network management systems (2017)

Summary Mobile network operators run Operations Support Systems that produce vast amounts of alarm events. These events can have different significance levels and domains and also can trigger other ones. Network operators face the challenge to identify the significance and root causes of these system problems in real time and to keep the number of remedial actions at an optimal level, so that customer satisfaction rates can be guaranteed at a reasonable cost. In this paper, we propose a scalable streaming alarm management system, referred to as Alarm Collector and Analyzer, that includes complex event processing and root cause analysis. We describe a rule mining and root cause analysis solution for alarm event correlation and analyses. The solution includes a dynamic index for matching active alarms, an algorithm for generating candidate alarm rules, a sliding window–based approach to save system resources, and a graph‐based solution to identify root causes. Alarm Collector and Analyzer is used in the network operation center of a major mobile telecom provider. It helps operators to enhance the design of their alarm management systems by allowing continuous analysis of data and event streams and predict network behavior with respect to potential failures by using the results of root cause analysis. We present experimental results that provide insights on performance of real‐time alarm data analytics systems.
A synthesis of simple 4,4-disubstituted tetrahydroisoquinolines by cyclization of .ALPHA.,.ALPHA.-disubstituted phenylacetamides. (1985)

Cyclization of N-methyl-3, 4-dimethoxyphenylacetamide (1) with paraformaldehyde in formic acid afforded 6, 7-dimethoxy-3-isochromanone (2b). In contrast, the same reaction of α, α-disubstituted phenylacetamides (5a, b, d) gave the corresponding 4, 4-disubstituted isoquinolin-3-ones (7a-c). However, the α-allylphenylacetamide (5c) gave the azepinone (8) as the main product. On the other hand, the carbamate (6e) afforded the 4-allylisoquinoline (10).
A novel diagnostic method of Pneumocystis carinii. In situ hybridization of ribosomal ribonucleic acid with biotinylated oligonucleotide probes. (1990)

The reactivity and specificity of the in situ hybridization of ribosomal RNA in the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii were investigated. Three complementary oligonucleotide probes, 22 and 25 nucleotides long, corresponding to the species specific regions of 5S and 18S ribosomal RNA of Pneumocystis carinii were synthesized and labeled with biotinylated dUPT at the 3' termini. In situ hybridization was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded human lung tissues using the mixture of these probes and detected with the avidin-biotin peroxidase complex method. The reactions were positive in all 12 cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia, but in none of the infections with other pathogenic agents, including virus (6 cases), mycobacteria (4 cases), protozoa (4 cases) and fungi (8 cases). The reactivity and specificity of this method was comparable with that of immunohistochemistry using a monoclonal anti-human Pneumocystis carinii antibody. Because the specificity of in situ hybridization is based on nucleotide sequences of ribosomal RNAs, that are constant among species, contrary to morphology of protista or expression of antigens, it should complement conventional staining and immunohistochemical methods, and provide a useful tool for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii.
Lysosomal membrane permeabilization and cell death (2018)

Lysosomes are membrane-enclosed organelles that mediate the intracellular degradation of macromolecules. They play an essential role in calcium regulation and have emerged as key signaling hubs in controlling the nutrient response. Maintaining lysosomal integrity and function is therefore crucial for cellular homeostasis. Different forms of stress can induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP), resulting in the translocation to the cytoplasm of intralysosomal components, such as cathepsins, inducing lysosomal-dependent cell death (LDCD). Here, we review recent advances that have furthered our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of LMP and the methods used to detect it. We discuss several endolysosomal damage-response mechanisms that mediate the repair or elimination of compromised lysosomes and summarize the role of LMP and cathepsins in LDCD and other cell death pathways. Finally, with the emergence of lysosomes as promising therapeutic targets for several human diseases, we review a variety of therapeutic strategies that seek to either destabilize lysosomes or to maintain, enhance or restore lysosomal function.
Class IV mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase (1990)

The stomach form of alcohol dehydrogenase has been structurally evaluated by peptide analysis covering six separate regions of the rat enzyme. Overall, this new structure differs widely (32-40% residue differences) from the structures of three classes of alcohol dehydrogenase characterized before from the same species. Consequently, this novel enzyme constitutes a true fourth class of mammalian alcohol dehydrogenase. In particular, differences are extensive also towards class II, although enzymatic and physicochemical properties initially suggested overall similarities with class II. The new structure establishes the presence of one further alcohol dehydrogenase mammalian gene, extends the enzyme family derived from repeated gene duplications, and confirms tissue-specific expressions.
Lepidopterous Sex Attractants (1975)

Journal Article Lepidopterous Sex Attractants Get access Tetsu Ando, Tetsu Ando Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sigeo Yoshida, Sigeo Yoshida Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Sadahiro Tatsuki, Sadahiro Tatsuki Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, TokyoThe Institute of Physical and Chemical Research, Wako-shi, Saitama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Nobutaka Takahashi Nobutaka Takahashi Department of Agricultural Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 39, Issue 5, 1 May 1975, Pages 1163–1165, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1975.10861750 Published: 01 May 1975 Article history Received: 14 February 1975 Published: 01 May 1975
Lens heating challenges for negative tone develop layers with freeform illumination: a comparative study of experimental vs. simulated results (2012)

Negative tone development (NTD) processes have been widely explored as a way to enhance the printability of dark field features such as contact holes and trenches. A key consequence of implementing NTD processes and subsequent tone reversal of dark field reticles is the significantly higher transmission of bright field masks and thus higher light intensity in the projection optics. This large increase in mask transmission coupled with the higher throughput requirements of multiple patterning and the use of freeform illumination created by source mask optimization creates a significant amount of lens heating induced aberrations that must be characterized and mitigated. In this paper, we examine the lens heating induced aberrations for high transmission reticles common to NTD using both simulations and experiments on a 193 immersion lithography tool. We observe a substantial amount of aberrations as described by even and odd order Zernike drifts during the course of a wafer exposure lot. These Zernike drifts per lot are demonstrated to have the following lithographic effects: critical dimension shifts, pitch dependent best focus shifts and image placement errors between coarse and fine patterned features. Lastly, mitigation strategies are demonstrated using various controllers and lens manipulators, including FlexWave with full Zernike control up to Z64, to substantially reduce the lens heating effects observed on-wafer.
Regulatory T cells in the periphery (2006)

Recognition of a systemic antigen by CD4+ T cells in a lymphopenic host leads to the sequential generation of pathogenic effector cells and protective CD25+ forkhead box protein (Foxp3+) regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the periphery. Such an experimental model is potentially valuable for defining the stimuli that determine the balance of effector and regulatory T cells. Our studies have shown that interleukin-2 (IL-2) enhances the development of effector cells and is essential for the peripheral generation of regulatory cells. Other models of peripheral Treg generation suggest that the concentration of antigen, the nature of the antigen-presenting cells, and cytokines such as transforming growth factor-beta and IL-10 may all influence the peripheral generation of Tregs.
Performance characterization of siemens primus linear accelerator under small monitor unit and small segments for the implementation of step-and-shoot intensitymodulated radiotherapy (2006)

Implementation of step-and-shoot intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) needs careful understanding of the accelerator start-up characteristic to ensure accurate and precise delivery of radiation dose to patient. The dosimetric characteristic of a Siemens Primus linear accelerator (LA) which delivers 6 and 18 MV x-rays at the dose rate of 300 and 500 monitor unit (MU) per minutes (min) respectively was studied under the condition of small MU ranging from 1 to 100. Dose monitor linearity was studied at different dose calibration parameter (D1_C0) by measuring ionization at 10 cm depth in a solid water phantom using a 0.6 cc ionization chamber. Monitor unit stability was studied from different intensity modulated (IM) groups comprising various combinations of MU per field and number of fields. Stability of beam flatness and symmetry was investigated under normal and IMRT mode for 20×20 cm(2) field under small MU using a 2D Profiler kept isocentrically at 5 cm depth. Inter segment response was investigated form 1 to 10 MU by measuring the dose per MU from various IM groups, each consisting of four segments with inter-segment separation of 2 cm.In the range 1-4 MU, the dose linearity error was more than 5% (max -32% at 1 MU) for 6 MV x-rays at factory calibrated D1_C0 value of 6000. The dose linearity error was reduced to -10.95% at 1 MU, within -3% for 2 and 3 MU and ±1% for MU ≥4 when the D1_C0 was subsequently tuned at 4500. For 18 MV x-rays, the dose linearity error at factory calibrated D1_C0 value of 4400 was within ±1% for MU ≥3 with maximum of -13.5 observed at 1 MU. For both the beam energies and MU/field ≥4, the stability of monitor unit tested for different IM groups was within ±1% of the dose from the normal treatment field. This variation increases to -2.6% for 6 MV and -2.7% for 18 MV x-rays for 2 MU/field. No significant variation was observed in the stability of beam profile measured from normal and IMRT mode. The beam flatness was within 3% for 6 MV x-rays and more than 3% (Max 3.5%) for 18 MV x-rays at lesser irradiation time ≤3 MU. The beam stability improves with the increase in irradiation time. Both the beam energies show very good symmetry (≤2%) at all irradiation time.For all the three segment sizes studied, the nonlinearity was observed at smaller MU/segment in both the energies. When the MU/segment is ≥4, all segment size shows fairly linear relation with dose/MU. The smaller segment size shows larger nonlinearity at smaller MU/segment and become more linear at larger MU/segment. Based on our study, we conclude that the Primus LA from Siemens installed at our hospital is ideally suited for step-and-shoot IMRT preferably for radiation ON time ≥4MU per segment.
Munc18-1 is a dynamically regulated PKC target during short-term enhancement of transmitter release (2014)

Transmitter release at synapses is regulated by preceding neuronal activity, which can give rise to short-term enhancement of release like post-tetanic potentiation (PTP). Diacylglycerol (DAG) and Protein-kinase C (PKC) signaling in the nerve terminal have been widely implicated in the short-term modulation of transmitter release, but the target protein of PKC phosphorylation during short-term enhancement has remained unknown. Here, we use a gene-replacement strategy at the calyx of Held, a large CNS model synapse that expresses robust PTP, to study the molecular mechanisms of PTP. We find that two PKC phosphorylation sites of Munc18-1 are critically important for PTP, which identifies the presynaptic target protein for the action of PKC during PTP. Pharmacological experiments show that a phosphatase normally limits the duration of PTP, and that PTP is initiated by the action of a 'conventional' PKC isoform. Thus, a dynamic PKC phosphorylation/de-phosphorylation cycle of Munc18-1 drives short-term enhancement of transmitter release during PTP. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01715.001.
The amyloid beta-protein precursor promoter. A region essential for transcriptional activity contains a nuclear factor binding domain. (1992)

A manifestation of Alzheimer's disease is the presence of amyloid depositions in brains of afflicted individuals. A major component of these depositions is the amyloid beta-protein, which is a truncated form of the larger amyloid beta-protein precursor (APP). To investigate the regulation of APP gene expression, the APP promoter and selected deletions were placed 5' to the reporter gene chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. The promoter deletions were transfected into different cell lines that showed variant levels of endogenous APP transcripts. Transient transfection assays showed that 96 base pairs 5' to the transcriptional start site are sufficient for cell type-specific promoter activity. A nuclear factor that binds to this region in a sequence-specific manner was identified by mobility shift electrophoresis, DNase footprinting, and methylation interference. The DNase-protected region covers about 25 base pairs on both strands (position -31 to -55). Mutations within this domain revealed a sequence of 12 base pairs that is crucial for factor binding. This sequence overlaps with the consensus sequences for transcription factors AP-1 and AP-4. However, competition experiments suggest that the nuclear factor that binds to the APP promoter is distinct from both AP-1 and AP-4. Factor binding to the characterized recognition sequence is observed in nuclear extracts originating from human, mouse, and rat cells, suggesting a high degree of conservation.
Potential use of BacT/Alert automated blood culture system for antifungal susceptibility testing (1994)

A simple, rapid susceptibility test is needed to determine the possible resistance of yeasts to commonly used antifungal agents. The BacT/Alert automated blood culture system was evaluated as one technology for development of such a test. Yeast nitrogen base was used as the growth medium, and amphotericin B was the test antifungal agent. Isolates of various Candida species, Torulopsis glabrata, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, and Cryptococcus neoformans were evaluated. The results suggest that detection of amphotericin B resistance of yeast isolates within 12 to 14 h after inoculation of test medium is possible.
A Robust Surface Coding Method for Optically Challenging Objects Using Structured Light (2014)

Though the structured light measurement system has been successfully applied to the profile measurement of diffuse objects, it is still a challenge to measure shiny objects due to the mix of both specular and diffuse reflections. To this end, we propose a robust encoding and decoding method in this paper. First, the monochromatic stripe patterns are utilized to eliminate the effect of texture and color of objects. Second, an intensity mask, dynamically adjusting the intensity of a projected pattern, is applied to avoid overexposure without any pre-knowledge of the workpiece. Thus, it is more flexible and efficient, compared with the existing methods. Third, to solve the internal reflection of the shiny part, an extrapolation model, combined with the intensity mask, is developed to detect the stripe edge for pattern decoding, resulting in accurate and robust 3D reconstruction. Compared with traditional polarization based methods, it does not need to readjust for a new part. The experimental results show that the proposed method is capable of measuring various parts without surface pretreatment.
Total Dietary Fiber Variability in a Cross Section of <i>Crotalaria juncea</i> Genetic Resources (2005)

Sunn hemp seeds contain several phytochemicals including fiber with potential phytopharmaceutical use. A study of 15 sunn hemp, Crotalaria juncea L., accessions demonstrated that total dietary fiber and protein content are significantly variable. As dietary fiber increases in the sunn hemp seed, protein decreases. Differences in total dietary fiber suggest that sufficient variability exists in this trait to allow enhancement in sunn hemp cultivars through plant breeding.
Physical and chemical characteristics of butterfat fractions obtained by crystallization from molten fat (1985)

Abstract Both summer and winter butterfats were fractionated using a laboratory procedure which was designed to simulate a commercial fractionation process. The process is based on a slow, controlled cooling of the melted fat, a short stabilization time at the fractionation temperature, and separation of the crystals from the liquid oil by vacuum filtration using a stainless steel perforated disc. Fractionation temperatures of 29, 26, 23 and 19 C for winter butterfat and 29 and 19 C for summer butterfat were used to obtain solid and liquid fractions at each temperature. Three replications at each temperature showed good reproducibility of results. The fractions were characterized by their fatty acid and triglyceride compositions, melting and crystallization behavior, iodine value, peroxide value and melting point.
Fermi level dependence of hydrogen diffusivity in GaN (2001)

Hydrogen diffusion studies were performed in GaN samples with different Fermi level positions. It is shown that, at 350 °C, hydrogen diffusion is quite fast in heavily Mg doped p-type material with the Fermi level close to Ev+0.15 eV, considerably slower in high-resistivity p-GaN(Zn) with the Fermi level Ev+0.9 eV, while for conducting and semi-insulating n-GaN samples with the Fermi level in the upper half of the band gap no measurable hydrogen diffusion could be detected. For these latter samples it is shown that higher diffusion temperature of 500 °C and longer times (50 h) are necessary to incorporate hydrogen to appreciable depth. These findings are in line with previously published theoretical predictions of the dependence of hydrogen interstitials formation in GaN on the Fermi level position.
Establishment of the gut microbiota in Western infants (2009)

It is clear that the process of infant colonization needs to be studied further, since composition of the microbiota may impact on child health.