gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
To Peer or Not to Peer: Modeling the Evolution of the Internet's AS-Level Topology (2006)

Internet connectivity at the AS level, defined in terms of pairwise logical peering relationships, is constantly evolving. This evolution is largely a response to economic, political, and technological changes that impact the way ASs conduct their business. We present a new framework for modeling this evolutionary process by identifying a set of criteria that ASs consider either in establishing a new peering relationship or in reassessing an existing relationship. The proposed framework is intended to capture key elements in the decision processes underlying the formation of these relationships. We present two decision processes that are executed by an AS, depending on its role in a given peering decision, as a customer or a peer of another AS. When acting as a peer, a key feature of the AS’s corresponding decision model is its reliance on realistic inter-AS traffic demands. To reflect the enormous heterogeneity among customer or peer ASs, our decision models are flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of AS-specific objectives. We demonstrate the potential of this new framework by considering different decision models in various realistic “what if” experiment scenarios. We implement these decision models to generate and study the evolution of the resulting AS graphs over time, and compare them against observed historical evolutionary features of the Internet at the AS level.
Mulch Paper in Vegetable Production (1933)

This archival publication may not reflect current scientific knowledge or recommendations. Current information available from University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station: http://www.maes.umn.edu/
One-flask synthesis of unsymmetrical phosphodiesters. Selective amine catalysis of phosphorylations of primary vs. secondary alcohols (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOne-flask synthesis of unsymmetrical phosphodiesters. Selective amine catalysis of phosphorylations of primary vs. secondary alcoholsFausto Ramirez, James F. Marecek, and Hiroshi OkazakiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 24, 7181–7182Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00857a047https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00857a047research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sensitive Cell Viability Assay for Use in Drug Screens and for Studying the Mechanism of Action of Drugs in <i>Dictyostelium Discoideum</i> (2006)

In order to increase the effectiveness of Dictyostelium discoideum as a lead genetic model for drug discovery, a luminescence-based assay has been adapted and standardized for sensitive and rapid cell viability measurements. The applicability of the assay was demonstrated by measuring the cytotoxicity of several drugs in wild-type and mutant cells. The robustness and ease of the assay demonstrate that it can be used in high-throughput applications such as drug or mutant screens. Conclusions from these studies are applicable to evaluating cell viability assays in other systems as well.
Expression of dematin (protein 4.9) during avian erythropoiesis. (1990)

The expression of avian erythrocyte dematin (protein 4.9) was studied in short-term tissue culture and in vivo in chickens. Our results show that erythrocyte dematin consists of five immunoreactive variants of 44, 47, 49, 50, and 52 kDa which are differentially synthesized and accumulated during avian embryonic development. While synthesis of the 47 and 49 kDa forms of dematin is constitutive, the 44 kDa variant is synthesized primarily early during development (day 6), and the 50 and 52 kDa variants are synthesized at mid to late times (days 10-15). Short-term tissue culture experiments show that much of the 47 and 49 kDa forms of dematin synthesized in 5-day erythrocytes is degraded, whereas no degradation of newly synthesized polypeptides is detected later in development (mature, 20-day erythrocytes). Experiments performed in vivo are consistent with the observations in short-term tissue culture and demonstrate that the stable form of dematin is synthesized late in erythropoiesis during the reticulocyte stage. The accumulation of dematin and the timing of its assembly relative to beta-spectrin suggest a role for dematin in stabilizing the cytoskeleton of the terminally differentiated erythrocyte.
Effects of Si Deposition on AlGaN Barrier Surfaces in GaN Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors (2008)

We observed that Si deposition on AlGaN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) can increase the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) density up to a level comparable to that achieved as a result of SiN passivation. Silicon atoms located at the AlGaN barrier surface might act as positively ionized donors, which can partially neutralize the negative polarization charges of the AlGaN surface and thereby increase the 2DEG density through polarization effects. This phenomenon is not only interesting from the scientific point of view, but also promising from the practical point of view. By using a 2-nm-thick Si insert layer in the ohmic contact, we obtained a contact resistance value 2.5 times lower than that obtained without the Si insert layer (conventional ohmic contact). GaN HFETs with Si deposited on the AlGaN barrier surface exhibited excellent device characteristics owing to a reduction in the source and drain sheet resistances and the ohmic contact resistances.
Metal aerosol jet printing for solar cell metallization (2007)

Abstract Metal aerosol jet printing is a new non‐contact direct‐write technique for the front side metallization of highly efficient industrial silicon solar cells. With this technique the first layer of a two‐layer contact structure is created. It features a low contact resistance and good mechanical adhesion to the silicon surface. The second layer is formed by light‐induced silver plating (LIP) to increase the line conductivity. To form the first layer a metal‐containing aerosol is created in the printer and focused via a second surrounding gas stream through a nozzle and deposited onto the substrate. The focussing gas avoids the contact between the aerosol and the nozzle tip. In addition, line widths significantly smaller than the outlet diameter of the nozzle tip can be reached. Fine and continuous lines with a width of 14 µm were printed using a metal organic ink. As the adhesion of these layers was not sufficient, a commercially available screen‐printing paste for solar cell metallization was modified and tested. Monocrystalline silicon solar cells of 12·5 cm × 12·5 cm with an aluminum back surface field were processed, achieving energy conversion efficiencies up to 17·8%. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Reduced propagation loss in silicon strip and slot waveguides coated by atomic layer deposition (2011)

When silicon strip and slot waveguides are coated with a 50 nm amorphous titanium dioxide (TiO2) film, measured losses at a wavelength of 1.55 μm can be as low as (2 ± 1)dB/cm and (7 ± 2)dB/cm, respectively. We use atomic layer deposition (ALD), estimate the effect of ALD growth on the surface roughness, and discuss the effect on the scattering losses. Because the gap between the rails of a slot waveguide narrows by the TiO2 deposition, the effective slot width can be back-end controlled. This is useful for precise adjustment if the slot is to be filled with, e. g., a nonlinear organic material or with a sensitizer for sensors applications.
Effects of Acute or Chronic Administration of Anti-Migraine Drugs Sumatriptan and Zolmitriptan on Serotonin Synthesis in the Rat Brain (2003)

Triptans are 5-HT1 receptor agonists used as anti-migraine drugs. They act primarily on meningeal blood vessels and on trigeminovascular afferents, but they may also exert central effects. We studied the regional effects of acute and chronic treatment with sumatriptan or zolmitriptan on the rate of serotonin (5-HT) synthesis in the rat brain, using the alpha-14C-methyl-L-tryptophan quantitative autoradiographic method. Sumatriptan at low (300 microg/kg, s.c.) and high (1 mg/kg) doses, as well as zolmitriptan (100 microg/kg), acutely decreased (15-40%, P < 0.05-0.001) 5-HT synthetic rate in many brain regions, including the dorsal raphe nucleus. Chronically, sumatriptan (21 days, approximately 300 microg/kg per day via osmotic minipumps) induced significant increases in the 5-HT synthesis rate in many projection areas but had no effect in the dorsal raphe nucleus. The acute effects on 5-HT synthesis rate would be compatible with activation of 5-HT1 autoreceptors that inhibit serotonin release. In contrast, the increased 5-HT synthesis rate observed after chronic sumatriptan might possibly result from a down-regulation/desensitization of 5-HT1 receptors and/or unmasking of excitatory triptan-sensitive 5-HT receptors. Overall, the present findings indicate that not only zolmitriptan but also sumatriptan affect brain serotonergic neurotransmission.
Reduction of diabetes-induced renal oxidative stress by a cantaloupe melon extract/gliadin biopolymers, oxykine, in mice (2005)

Oxidative stress is implicated as an important mechanism by which diabetes causes nephropathy. Oxykine is the cantaloupe melon extract rich in vegetal superoxide dismutase covered by polymeric films of wheat matrix gliadin. In this study, we examined whether chronic oral administration of oxykine could prevent the progression of diabetic nephropathy induced by oxidative stress using preclinical rodent model of type 2 diabetes. We used female db/db mice and their non-diabetic db/m littermates. The mice were divided into the following three groups: non-diabetic db/m; diabetic db/db, and diabetic db/db treated with oxykine. Blood glucose level, body weight, urinary albumin, and urinary 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) were measured during the experiments. Histological and 8-OHdG immunohistochemical studies were preformed on 12 weeks from the beginning of treatment. After 12 weeks of treatment, the levels of blood glucose and the body weight were not significantly different between the oxykine-treated group and the non-treated db/db group, however both groups kept significantly high levels rather than db/m mice. The relative mesangial area calculated by mesangial area/total glomerular area ratio was significantly ameliorated in the oxykine treated group compared with non-treated db/db group. The increases in urinary albumin and 8-OHdG at 12 weeks of treatment were significantly inhibited by chronic treatment with oxykine. The 8-OHdG immunoreactive cells in the glomeruli of non-treated db/db mice were more numerous than that of oxykine-treated db/db mice. In this study, treatment of oxykine ameliorated the progression and acceleration of diabetic nephropathy for rodent model of type 2 diabetes. These results indicated that the oxykine reduced the diabetes-induced oxidative stress and renal mesangial cell injury. In conclusion, oxykine might be a novel approach for the prevention of diabetes nephropathy.
Impaired Protein Aggregate Handling and Clearance Underlie the Pathogenesis of p97/VCP-associated Disease (2008)

Mutations in p97/VCP cause the multisystem disease inclusion body myopathy, Paget disease of the bone and frontotemporal dementia (IBMPFD). p97/VCP is a member of the AAA+ (ATPase associated with a variety of activities) protein family and has been implicated in multiple cellular processes. One pathologic feature in IBMPFD is ubiquitinated inclusions, suggesting that mutations in p97/VCP may affect protein degradation. The present study shows that IBMPFD mutant expression increases ubiquitinated proteins and susceptibility to proteasome inhibition. Co-expression of an aggregate prone protein such as expanded polyglutamine in IBMPFD mutant cells results in an increase in aggregated protein that localizes to small inclusions instead of a single perinuclear aggresome. These small inclusions fail to co-localize with autophagic machinery. IBMPFD mutants avidly bind to these small inclusions and may not allow them to traffic to an aggresome. This is rescued by HDAC6, a p97/VCP-binding protein that facilitates the autophagic degradation of protein aggregates. Expression of HDAC6 improves aggresome formation and protects IBMPFD mutant cells from polyglutamine-induced cell death. Our study emphasizes the importance of protein aggregate trafficking to inclusion bodies in degenerative diseases and the therapeutic benefit of inclusion body formation.
Fano Resonance and Spectrally Modified Photoluminescence Enhancement in Monolayer MoS<sub>2</sub> Integrated with Plasmonic Nanoantenna Array (2015)

The manipulation of light-matter interactions in two-dimensional atomically thin crystals is critical for obtaining new optoelectronic functionalities in these strongly confined materials. Here, by integrating chemically grown monolayers of MoS2 with a silver-bowtie nanoantenna array supporting narrow surface-lattice plasmonic resonances, a unique two-dimensional optical system has been achieved. The enhanced exciton-plasmon coupling enables profound changes in the emission and excitation processes leading to spectrally tunable, large photoluminescence enhancement as well as surface-enhanced Raman scattering at room temperature. Furthermore, due to the decreased damping of MoS2 excitons interacting with the plasmonic resonances of the bowtie array at low temperatures stronger exciton-plasmon coupling is achieved resulting in a Fano line shape in the reflection spectrum. The Fano line shape, which is due to the interference between the pathways involving the excitation of the exciton and plasmon, can be tuned by altering the coupling strengths between the two systems via changing the design of the bowties lattice. The ability to manipulate the optical properties of two-dimensional systems with tunable plasmonic resonators offers a new platform for the design of novel optical devices with precisely tailored responses.
Analysis of coal conversion recycle solvents by liquid chromatography with nuclear magnetic resonance detection (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis of coal conversion recycle solvents by liquid chromatography with nuclear magnetic resonance detectionJames F. Haw, T. E. Glass, and H. C. DornCite this: Anal. Chem. 1981, 53, 14, 2332–2336Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00237a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00237a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views73Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wireless Base Station ZUC Block Cipher Implementation on Zynq-7000 AP SoC (2013)

www.xilinx.com 1 © Copyright 2013 Xilinx, Inc. Xilinx, the Xilinx logo, Artix, ISE, Kintex, Spartan, Virtex, Vivado, Zynq, and other designated brands included herein are trademarks of Xilinx in the United States and other countries. AMBA, AMBA Designer, ARM, ARM1176JZ-S, CoreSight, Cortex, and PrimeCell are trademarks of ARM in the EU and other countries. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Data security and privacy are major concerns for wireless subscribers because their personal information is transmitted over the air and is accessible to anyone. Modern wireless communication systems address this problem by using state-of-the-art cryptographic algorithms, such as ZUC, which has been recently integrated into the 3GPP LTE EEA-3/EIA-3 confidentiality protection methods. In the absence of any commercially available hardware accelerator, however, the ZUC computational load imposes new design challenges to the LTE layer 2 protocol stack processors in base stations; the designer either needs to find a way to optimize the software to offer sufficient computation power for ZUC, or add an FPGA adjacent to the processor for acceleration. The former method is unlikely to meet the throughput requirement, while the latter is not cost-effective.
Assessing Damage of Reinforced Concrete Beam Using “<i>b</i> -value” Analysis of Acoustic Emission Signals (2003)

Concrete bridges in the United Kingdom represent a major legacy that is starting to show signs of distress. Therefore, the need for monitoring them is an urgent task. The acoustic emission (AE) technique was proposed as a valid method for monitoring these bridges but more study is needed to develop methods of analyzing the data recorded during the monitoring. The writers would like to propose a b-value analysis as a possible way to process AE data obtained during a local monitoring. The b-value is defined as the log-linear slope of the frequency-magnitude distribution of acoustic emissions. This paper presents the results of a b-value analysis carried out on data recorded during a laboratory test on a reinforced concrete beam designed as representative of a bridge beam. During the experiment, the specimen was loaded cyclically and it was continuously monitored with an AE system. The data obtained were processed and a b-value analysis was carried out. The b-value was compared with the applied load, with a damage parameter, and with the cracks appearing on the beam. The damage parameter represents the cumulative damage in terms of total sum of acoustic emissions. The results showed a good agreement with the development of the fracture process of the concrete. From a study of the b-value calculated for a whole loading cycle and for each channel, some quantitative conclusions were also drawn. Further development work is needed to make the b-value technique suitable for practical use on a real bridge.
Transient entry of enterotoxin subunits into the periplasm occurs during their secretion from Vibrio cholerae (1987)

Cholera toxin and heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) are structurally similar oligomeric proteins which are capable of being efficiently secreted from Vibrio cholerae. Here we report that these proteins transiently enter the periplasm of V. cholerae as they traverse the cell envelope to reach the extracellular milieu. Pulse-chase experiments on V. cholerae TRH7000 harboring an LT-encoding plasmid revealed that radiolabeled LT A and B subunits entered the periplasm rapidly, followed by their slow efflux (half-time, 13 min) into the medium. LT B-subunit efflux from the periplasm was calculated to be at a rate of ca. 170 monomers per min per cell (which is equivalent to 34 assembled LT holotoxin molecules per min per cell). These values were estimated to be sufficient to account for the increase in extracellular enterotoxin concentration during exponential cell growth. Thus, all enterotoxin subunits which are secreted into the medium can be assumed to be channelled via the periplasm. These findings led to an improved model of the pathway of toxin secretion by V. cholerae.
Influence of N-substituents of carbamoyl-stabilized azomethine ylides in 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions (2002)

Upon treatment with base N-substituted carbamoylmethylphenanthridinium salts were converted into azomethine ylides. These intermediates were intercepted with symmetrically substituted dipolarophiles, and the stereochemistry of the cycloadducts has been found to be dependent on the substitution at the amide nitrogen atom.
Diels-Alder Reaction on the Clean Diamond (100) 2×1 Surface (1999)

The interaction of 1,3-butadiene with the C(100)2×1 surface at 300 K has been studied by electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and low-energy electron diffraction (LEED). EELS studies show that 1,3-butadiene readily chemisorbs on the C(100)2×1 surface by the Diels-Alder reaction ([4+2] cycloaddition) where the surface dimer act as a dienophile. The surface product is found to be stable up to ∼1000 K. Orbital symmetry of the reacting species is an important factor in the reaction of unsaturated hydrocarbons with the C(100)2×1 surface.
Extracellular Signal-Regulated Protein Kinase Mediates Interleukin 17 (IL-17)-Induced IL-8 Secretion in<i>Helicobacter pylori</i>-Infected Human Gastric Epithelial Cells (2004)

Helicobacter pylori-induced mucosal inflammation results in high production of interleukin 17 (IL-17), a potent inducer of IL-8 in gastric epithelial cells. The aim of this study was to investigate signaling pathways by which IL-17 regulates IL-8 production in human gastric epithelial cells. Activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases in both IL-17-stimulated MKN28 cells and epithelial cells isolated from H. pylori-colonized gastric mucosa was assessed by Western blotting. In IL-17-stimulated MKN28 cells the activation of activatior protein 1 (AP-1), nuclear factor (NF)-IL-6, and NF-kappaB was also assessed by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. IL-8 production was evaluated by reverse transcription-PCR and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) both for IL-17-stimulated MKN28 cells treated with specific MAP kinase inhibitors and gastric biopsy cultures treated with a neutralizing IL-17 antibody. Serum from H. pylori-infected patients was tested for immunoglobulin G response to CagA by ELISA. Treatment of MKN28 cells with IL-17 caused activation of extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (ERK 1/2) but not other MAP kinases and had the downstream effects of AP-1 and NF-kappaB activation and IL-8 synthesis. Blocking ERK 1/2 activity inhibited AP-1-mediated, but not NF-kappaB-mediated, IL-8 induction. Enhanced activation of ERK 1/2 was seen in gastric epithelial cells isolated from H. pylori-infected patients in comparison to uninfected controls, and this was associated with high IL-8. These effects were even more pronounced in patients seropositive for CagA than in seronegative ones. In gastric biopsy cultures, the addition of a neutralizing IL-17 antibody decreased ERK 1/2 activation, thus resulting in a significant inhibition of IL-8. In H. pylori-colonized gastric epithelial cells, IL-17-induced IL-8 synthesis is associated with and depends at least in part on the activation of ERK 1/2 MAP kinase.