gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of fibronectin and other salivary macromolecules on the adherence of Escherichia coli to buccal epithelial cells (1987)

The effect of saliva and fibronectin (Fn) on the adherence of a type 1 fimbriated strain of Escherichia coli to human buccal epithelial cells was studied. Saliva pretreatment of epithelial cells led to a dose-dependent increase in adherence that was inhibited by alpha-methyl mannoside, which is typical of a type 1 fimbria-mediated event. The molecules responsible for affecting this increased adherence were nondialyzable and were recovered after lyophilization. E. coli adherence was stimulated by individual saliva samples from each of 11 volunteers. Fn inhibited E. coli adherence to saliva-treated buccal cells by more than 60%. Biotinylated E. coli and Fn were reacted with Western blots of whole saliva to identify the receptors that might explain the phenomenon described above. Both E. coli and Fn bound to 57- and 62-kilodalton (kDa) protein bands in Western blots of sodium dodecyl sulfate gels of whole saliva. The binding of E. coli to these bands was inhibited by pretreatment with unlabeled Fn. To study these salivary components, samples of saliva were electrophoresed on sodium dodecyl sulfate gels, strips corresponding to the appropriate molecular weights were cut out, and the proteins were eluted electrophoretically. Material that eluted from strips at 57 and 62 kDa, but not that from a control strip, stimulated E. coli adherence to buccal cells. Alternatively, saliva was fractionated over 100- and 50-kDa cutoff filters. Of the three fractions obtained, only the fraction passing through the 100-kDa filter and retained by the 50-kDa filter stimulated E. coli adherence to buccal cells. This fraction also increased the binding of Fn to buccal cells. These observations suggest the possibility that one or more salivary components bind to the surface of buccal cells and serve as receptors for type 1 fimbriated E. coli. Fn also binds to this isolated material; and it is apparently by these interactions, at least in part, that saliva stimulates and Fn inhibits E. coli adherence. The way in which these interactions may affect bacterial adherence in vivo remains to be elucidated.
An x-ray photoemission spectroscopy study of chemical interactions at silver/plasma modified polyethylene interfaces: Correlations with adhesion (1988)

Plasma treatment is a convenient way to modify the surface (∼25–50 Å) of a polymer for improved adhesion of vacuum deposited metals. X-ray photoemission analysis of plasma modified polyethylene (PE) indicates no detectable chemical effects for argon plasmas, whereas oxygen and nitrogen plasmas create new chemical species which alter the chemical reactivity of the PE surface for vacuum deposited Ag. The adhesion strength of vacuum deposited Ag on PE is shown to increase in the following order: untreated&lt;argon plasma&lt;oxygen plasma&lt;nitrogen plasma treated PE. Changes in chemical bonding and nucleation of submonolayer vacuum deposited Ag on plasma treated PE correlate with Ag/PE adhesion. Changes in the PE core levels after submonolayer deposition of Ag are interpreted as due to the formation of Ag–O–C and Ag–N–C species on oxygen and nitrogen plasma treated PE, respectively. In contrast, no chemical bonding effects are observed on untreated or argon plasma treated PE. The Ag valence-band structure suggests that the plasma induced species act as nucleation and chemical bonding sites resulting in a much smaller average cluster size for vacuum deposited Ag. Interfacial analysis of peeled thin films of vacuum deposited Ag on PE suggests the locus of failure changes from interfacial adhesive failure for untreated and argon plasma treated PE to cohesive failure of the PE for oxygen and nitrogen plasma treated PE.
Peptide Arrays for Screening Cancer Specific Peptides (2010)

In this paper, we describe a novel method to screen peptides for specific recognition by cancer cells. Seventy peptides were synthesized on a cellulose membrane in an array format, and a direct method to study the peptide-whole cell interaction was developed. The relative binding affinity of the cells for different peptides with respect to a lead 12-mer p160 peptide, identified by phage display, was evaluated using the CyQUANT fluorescence of the bound cells. Screening allowed identification of at least five new peptides that displayed higher affinity (up to 3-fold) for MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7 human cancer cells compared to the p160 peptide. These peptides showed very little binding to the control (noncancerous) human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Three of these peptides were synthesized separately and labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) to study their uptake and interaction with the cancer and control cells using confocal laser scanning microscopy and flow cytometry. The results confirmed the high and specific affinity of an 11-mer peptide 11 (RGDPAYQGRFL) and a 10-mer peptide 18 (WXEAAYQRFL) for the cancer cells versus HUVECs. Peptide 11 binds different receptors on target cancer cells as its sequence contains multiple recognition motifs, whereas peptide 18 binds mainly to the putative p160 receptor. The peptide array-whole cell binding assay reported here is a complementary method to phage display for further screening and optimization of cancer targeting peptides for cancer therapy and diagnosis.
Morphological moving object segmentation and tracking for content-based video coding (1995)

Keywords: LTS1 Reference LTS-CONF-1995-014 Record created on 2006-06-14, modified on 2016-08-08
Direct effect of ds<scp>RNA</scp> mimetics on cancer cells induces endogenous <scp>IFN</scp>‐β production capable of improving dendritic cell function (2013)

Viral double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) mimetics have been explored in cancer immunotherapy to promote antitumoral immune response. Polyinosine-polycytidylic acid (poly I:C) and polyadenylic-polyuridylic acid (poly A:U) are synthetic analogs of viral dsRNA and strong inducers of type I interferon (IFN). We describe here a novel effect of dsRNA analogs on cancer cells: besides their potential to induce cancer cell apoptosis through an IFN-β autocrine loop, dsRNA-elicited IFN-β production improves dendritic cell (DC) functionality. Human A549 lung and DU145 prostate carcinoma cells significantly responded to poly I:C stimulation, producing IFN-β at levels that were capable of activating STAT1 and enhancing CXCL10, CD40, and CD86 expression on human monocyte-derived DCs. IFN-β produced by poly I:C-activated human cancer cells increased the capacity of monocyte-derived DCs to stimulate IFN-γ production in an allogeneic stimulatory culture in vitro. When melanoma murine B16 cells were stimulated in vitro with poly A:U and then inoculated into TLR3(-/-) mice, smaller tumors were elicited. This tumor growth inhibition was abrogated in IFNAR1(-/-) mice. Thus, dsRNA compounds are effective adjuvants not only because they activate DCs and promote strong adaptive immunity, but also because they can directly act on cancer cells to induce endogenous IFN-β production and contribute to the antitumoral response.
Bacteria-triggered CD4+ T Regulatory Cells Suppress <i>Helicobacter hepaticus</i>–induced Colitis (2002)

We have previously demonstrated that interleukin (IL)-10-deficient (IL-10 knockout [KO]) but not wild-type (WT) mice develop colitis after infection with Helicobacter hepaticus. Here, we show that infected recombination activating gene (RAG) KO mice develop intestinal inflammation after reconstitution with CD4(+) T cells from IL-10 KO animals and that the cotransfer of CD4(+) T cells from H. hepaticus-infected but not uninfected WT mice prevents this colitis. The disease-protective WT CD4(+) cells are contained within the CD45RB(low) fraction and unexpectedly were found in both the CD25(+) and the CD25(-) subpopulations of these cells, their frequency being higher in the latter. The mechanism by which CD25(+) and CD25(-) CD45RB(low) CD4(+) cells block colitis involves IL-10 and not transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta, as treatment with anti-IL-10R but not anti-TGF-beta monoclonal antibody abrogated their protective effect. In vitro, CD45RB(low) CD4(+) cells from infected WT mice were shown to produce IL-10 and suppress interferon-gamma production by IL-10 KO CD4(+) cells in an H. hepaticus antigen-specific manner. Together, our data support the concept that H. hepaticus infection results in the induction in WT mice of regulatory T cells that prevent bacteria-induced colitis. The induction of such cells in response to gut flora may be a mechanism protecting normal individuals against inflammatory bowel disease.
A randomized trial of extra-amniotic saline infusion plus intracervical Foley catheter balloon versus prostaglandin E2 vaginal gel for ripening the cervix and inducing labor in patients with unfavorable cervices. (1993)

Extra-amniotic saline infusion with a Foley catheter was more effective than 2.85 mg PGE2 vaginal gel in ripening the cervix and inducing labor. These advantages did not translate into a large number of vaginal deliveries, indicating that factors other than cervical ripening may be responsible for the high incidence of cesarean in patients with an unfavorable cervix.
A Layered Particle‐Based Fluid Model for Real‐Time Rendering of Water (2010)

Abstract We present a physically based real‐time water simulation and rendering method that brings volumetric foam to the real‐time domain, significantly increasing the realism of dynamic fluids. We do this by combining a particle‐based fluid model that is capable of accounting for the formation of foam with a layered rendering approach that is able to account for the volumetric properties of water and foam. Foam formation is simulated through Weber number thresholding. For rendering, we approximate the resulting water and foam volumes by storing their respective boundary surfaces in depth maps. This allows us to calculate the attenuation of light rays that pass through these volumes very efficiently. We also introduce an adaptive curvature flow filter that produces consistent fluid surfaces from particles independent of the viewing distance.
Study of Si kinetics in interfacial SiO<sub>2</sub>scavenging in HfO<sub>2</sub>gate stacks (2015)

In this study, what occurs at the SiO2/substrate interface and how Si atoms in SiO2 behave in interfacial SiO2 scavenging in a HfO2 gate stack have been investigated. Since the same scavenging occurs on both Si and SiC substrates, the SiC substrate is used to study the role of the substrate. The characterizations of the SiO2/SiC interface show no Si growth on the substrate and no consumption of the substrate in the SiO2 scavenging. Isotope tracing experiments for a HfO2/SiO2/Si stack further demonstrate that atomic Si is generated in scavenging and diffuses out through the HfO2 layer. On the basis of these findings, the reaction at the SiO2/substrate interface is thermodynamically discussed.
Atomic-nitrogen production in a radio-frequency plasma source (1993)

The first high-resolution study, to our knowledge, of the optical emission from an Oxford Applied Research MPD21 nitrogen-plasma source is reported. The spectroscopic results clearly show that the MPD21 nitrogen-plasma source generates an appreciable flux of nitrogen atoms. This suggests that nitrogen atoms are the plasma species responsible for the successful p-type doping of ZnSe:N and related alloys.
A Generic Neural Network-Based Tutorial Supervisor for Computer Aided Instruction. (1990)

When working with review materials in a self-test mode, student involvement is maximized when the problems presented variably fall within, and occasionally slightly beyond, a student's current level of ability or training. Because of the many difficulties associated with developing generic, fully adaptive systems with rule-based expert system technology, we have focused on using neural network technology as a practical, domain-independent means of optimizing the presentation of multimedia educational programs. The pattern classification capabilities of a neural network-based tutorial supervisor, developed as a series of external commands, have been used to successfully mediate the presentation of image-intensive courseware in cardiac pathophysiology. Research issues include identifying how to extend this approach to dynamically-generated courseware content, e.g., graphic simulations, and determining the educational effectiveness of various control algorithms used to assign students to problem sets of different levels of difficulty.
A low-power hybrid magnetic cache architecture exploiting narrow-width values (2016)

Modern microprocessors have increased the word width to 64-bits to support larger main memory sizes. It has been observed that data can often be represented by relatively few bits, so-called narrow-width values. To leverage narrow-width data, we propose a hybrid cache architecture composed of magnetic RAM (MRAM) and SRAM to save the upper and lower 32-bits of each word in MRAM and SRAM respectively. To address write performance issue of MRAM, we propose an optimal dynamic write buffer (DWB) allocation mechanism. To enhance efficacy of our hybrid cache in the absence of narrow-width values, we propose a double row write (DRW) technique that adaptively partitions non-narrow data to two 32-bit pieces for consecutive row writes in the SRAM part. DWB and DRW jointly guarantee the performance of the proposed hybrid cache and balance a tradeoff between the buffer size and the number of double row writes. Our evaluation on SPEC CPU2000, SPEC CPU2006 and Mibench benchmarks shows that our hybrid cache can achieve up to 46% power and 24% area savings at the same performance as the conventional SRAM cache.
Lumped-Element Equivalent-Circuit Modeling of Millimeter-Wave HEMT Parasitics Through Full-Wave Electromagnetic Analysis (2016)

We present a broadband lumped-element parasitic equivalent circuit to accurately capture the frequency response of electromagnetic (EM) interactions inside the structure and surrounding environment of high electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). A new mutual inductance term is included to account for the high-frequency magnetic field coupling between device electrodes. An analytical method is also proposed, for the first time, to extract the gate-to-drain mutual inductance LMGD, which creates an undesirable inductive feedback path from output to input at millimeter wavelengths. Based on the suggested extrinsic equivalent circuit, we propose a novel multistep parameter extraction procedure that utilizes direct analytic extraction and linear regression techniques systematically to determine the parasitic component values. The accuracy and robustness of the presented extraction algorithm are established via comprehensive comparisons between EM simulations, measurements, and frequency responses of the suggested equivalent circuits up to and beyond 300 GHz in the millimeter-wave (mmW) band. The key parasitic elements that are most detrimental to the microwave performance are identified and optimized through subsequent circuit analysis. Design guidelines are provided for optimum device layout selection to achieve the highest frequency performance. It is demonstrated through a full-wave simulation based parametric study that around 20% improvement in maximum oscillation frequency is achievable via optimization of device gate finger number and unit finger width.
An ASIC digital motion control unit (2002)

A digital motion control system with primary applications in automatic elevator doors is presented. Digital signal processing methods are used for generating exponential waveforms for the drive motor. The unit keeps track of the actual speed of motion and the corresponding door position. Thus, the time consumed by door motion is minimized, and smooth acceleration and deceleration phases are achieved. The proposed algorithm results have been implemented in an efficient bit-serial ASIC implementation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
William Smith Syme, M.D. Edin., F.R.F.P. – S. (Glas.), F.R.S.E. (1928)

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Maximal accumulated oxygen deficit in thoroughbred horses (1995)

Thoroughbred horses have a high aerobic capacity, approximately twice that of elite human athletes. Whereas the aerobic capacity of horses can be accurately measured, there have been no measurements of anaerobic capacity. The aim of this study was to determine whether maximal accumulated O2 deficit (MAOD) could be measured in horses and used as an estimate of anaerobic capacity, as in human athletes. Six fit Thoroughbred horses were used with the exercise protocol utilizing a treadmill set at a 10% incline. O2 uptake VO2 was measured via an open-flow system for seven submaximal speeds (3-9 m/s), and maximal VO2 (135 +/- 3 ml.kg-1.min-1) was determined. The horses performed three tests at 105 and 125% and six tests at 115% of maximal VO2. The MAOD test was performed with the treadmill accelerated rapidly from 1.5 m/s (mean acceleration time 8 s) to the calculated speed (11-14 m/s). VO2 was measured every 10 or 15 s, and the test ended when the horse no longer kept pace with the treadmill. The mean run times were 165, 98, and 57 s for intensities of 105, 115, and 125% maximal VO2. The mean MAOD values were 31 +/- 2, 30 +/- 1, and 32 +/- 2 (SE) ml O2 eq/kg for the three intensities (P > 0.05). The proportion of energy derived from aerobic and anaerobic sources was calculated from the difference between calculated O2 demand and the VO2 curve. There was no correlation between MAOD and maximal VO2.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<i>pHluid</i> (1996)

This paper describes the distributed memory implementation of a shared memory parallel functional language. The language is Id, an implicitly parallel, mostly functional language that is currently evolving into a dialect of Haskell. The target is a distributed memory machine, because we expect these to be the most widely available parallel platforms in the future. The difficult problem is to bridge the gap between the shared memory language model and the distributed memory machine model. The language model assumes that all data is uniformly accessible, whereas the machine has a severe memory hierarchy: a processor's access to remote memory (using explicit communication) is orders of magnitude slower than its access to local memory. Thus, avoiding communication is crucial for good performance. The Id language, and its general dataflow-inspierd compilation to multithreaded code are described elsewhere. In this paper, we focus on our new parallel runtime system and its features for avoiding communication and for tolerating its latency when necessary: multithreading, scheduling and load balancing; the distributed heap model and distributed coherent cacheing, and parallel garbage collection. We have completed the first implementation, and we present some preliminary performance mearsurements.
A Scintillator Gd2 O 2 S  : Pr , Ce ,  F  for X‐Ray Computed Tomography (1989)

An efficient scintillator has been developed as a solid‐state detector for x‐ray computed tomography. Doping with halogen ions has improved the emission efficiency by 30% and doping with Ce reduces afterglow caused by traps in the host, . Hot isostatic pressing of this material in powder form with a trace of as a sintering aid, resulted in a translucent ceramic scintillator.
Imaging of receptor trafficking by using α-bungarotoxin-binding-site-tagged receptors (2004)

alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionate (AMPA) receptors mediate excitatory synaptic transmission and are dynamically regulated during synaptic plasticity in the CNS. The membrane trafficking of AMPA receptors to synapses is critical for the regulation of the efficacy of excitatory synaptic transmission. Direct imaging of AMPA receptors in various cell compartments is important to dissecting the regulation of distinct steps in receptor membrane trafficking. In this study, we have developed an approach for the imaging of receptor trafficking with subunits tagged with a 13-aa alpha-bungarotoxin (BTX)-binding site (BBS). The small polypeptide neurotoxin BTX has been used for decades to study the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. Similar high-affinity ligands are rarely available for most receptors. Engineering the BBS tag into receptor subunits allowed the high-affinity binding of fluorescent, radioactive, and biotinylated BTX to the tagged receptor subunits. By using this approach, the total receptor expression, surface expression, internalization, and insertion of receptors into the plasma membrane could be visualized and quantified in fixed or live cells including cultured neurons. The BBS tag is a flexible approach for labeling membrane proteins and studying their dynamic trafficking.
Ten isomeric five-ring bent-core mesogens: The influence of the direction of the carboxyl connecting groups on the mesophase behaviour (2005)

In order to study the role of the direction of the connecting groups in bent-core mesogens we synthesized two series of ten possible achiral isomeric five-ring bent-core compounds in which all aromatic rings are connected by ester groups and each of which possesses the same length of the terminal chains (octyloxy or dodecyloxy, respectively). The structure of the isomers is distinguished by the direction of at least one ester group, only. The mesophase behaviour of the compounds has been studied by polarizing microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray experiments and electro-optical measurements. We have found that in spite of the minor structural differences a variety of mesophases occur (SmCPA, Colrec, Colob) whereby the clearing temperatures vary from 121 to 193 °C (octyloxy isomers) and 112 to 189 °C (dodecyloxy isomers). Depending on the direction of the ester groups some of these isomers show interesting properties, such as field-induced inversion of chirality in SmCPA and columnar phases, the field-induced enhancement of the clearing temperature, a second-order phase transition Colob → SmCPA or the reversible field-induced phase transition Colob → SmCPF. The unexpectedly strong influence of the direction of the connecting groups is discussed on the base of theoretical calculations and molecular dynamics simulation on isolated molecules.
Factors affecting the whiteness of optically brightened material (2012)

The whiteness of fluorescent white materials is in part due to the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) light and subsequent emission of visible blue light. The UV content of light sources in viewing booths and in spectrophotometers can thus significantly affect the perceived whiteness (PW) and measured sum of reflected and emitted light of fluorescent materials. The effect of UV content on the spectral radiance factor of fluorescent white materials containing different amounts of a fluorescent brightening agent and the subsequent assessment of their PW were evaluated. The UV content of sources in two calibrated viewing booths that simulated D65 and D75 illuminants, separately, was changed by selectively blocking UV emission of the source by approximately 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%. The radiance spectra of a series of white fabrics were also obtained using a reflectance spectrophotometer at 0%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% UV transmittance. The CIE and Uchida whiteness indices (WIs) were calculated for white samples and compared to perceptual results under varying illumination and UV conditions. Results indicate relatively modest agreement between perceptual assessments of fluorescent samples and whiteness metrics examined. Results also show that when the UV content of sources used in the viewing booths is adjusted to be similar to that used in measurements, improved correlations between perceptual and calculated results are obtained. The CIE WI was found to outperform the Uchida index under both sources.