gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neoalkoxy Titanate and Zirconate Coupling Agent Additives in Thermoplastics (2002)

Ti or Zr coupling agents chemically bridge two dissimilar species such as an inorganic filler/particulate and organic polymer via proton coordination on non-silane reactive substrates such as CaCO 3 and carbon black without the need of water of condensation as with silanes. Minor amounts of thermally stable neoalkoxy titanate and zirconate additives provide a means for post reactor, in-situ metallocene-like repolymerization catalysis of a filled or unfilled polymer during the plastication phase resulting in: significantly faster thermoplastic processing at lower temperatures; lower polymer recrystallization time; and the copolymerization of dissimilar polymers. Examples: both 40% CaCO 3 filled and unfilled PP compounds experienced respective reductions of 35.5% and 42% in injection mold cycle time and 22% and 11% in process temperature; 17% “pyrophosphato titanate coupled conductive carbon black (CB)” in LDPE provides the same Positive Temperature Coefficient effect as 25% untreated CB; a 39.7% reduction in the recrystallization time of PPS; a ten-fold increase in the elongation of a PET/PC regrind alloy; and the regeneration of recycled blends of LDPE and PP regrinds. The catalysis effect is shown to be permanent and recyclable. Coupling agent liquid, powder and pellet forms; dosage; data and applications methodology in compounding, injection and blow molding are discussed. New and novel transparent and permanent antistatic agents based on the formation of bipolar layers of dissimilar trineoalkoxy zirconates are shown to be non-blooming, non-moisture dependent providing volume as well as surface ESD effects.
Redox Capacitor to Establish Bio‐Device Redox‐Connectivity (2012)

Abstract Electronic devices process information and transduce energy with electrons, while biology performs such operations with ions and chemicals. To establish bio‐device connectivity, we fabricate a redox‐capacitor film from a polysaccharide (i.e., chitosan) and a redox‐active catechol. We report that these films are rapidly and repeatedly charged and discharged electrochemically via a redox‐cycling mechanism in which mediators shuttle electrons between the electrode and film (capacitance ≈ 40 F/g or 2.9 mF/cm 2 ). Further, charging and discharging can be executed under bio‐relevant conditions. Enzymatic‐charging is achieved by electron‐transfer from glucose to the film via an NADPH‐mediated redox‐cycling mechanism. Discharging occurs by electron‐donation to O 2 to generate H 2 O 2 that serves as substrate for peroxidase‐mediated biochemical reactions. Thus, these films offer the capability of inter‐converting electrochemical and biochemical inputs/outputs. Among potential applications, we anticipate that catechol–chitosan redox‐capacitor films could serve as circuit elements for molecular logic operations or for transducing bio‐based chemical energy into electricity.
Excitatory and Feed-Forward Inhibitory Hippocampal Synapses Work Synergistically as an Adaptive Filter of Natural Spike Trains (2006)

Short-term synaptic plasticity (STP) is an important mechanism for modifying neural circuits during computation. Although STP is much studied, its role in the processing of complex natural spike patterns is unknown. Here we analyze the responses of excitatory and inhibitory hippocampal synapses to natural spike trains at near-physiological temperatures. Our results show that excitatory and inhibitory synapses express complementary sets of STP components that selectively change synaptic strength during epochs of high-frequency discharge associated with hippocampal place fields. In both types of synapses, synaptic strength rapidly alternates between a near-constant level during low activity and another near-constant, but elevated (for excitatory synapses) or reduced (for inhibitory synapses) level during high-frequency epochs. These history-dependent changes in synaptic strength are largely independent of the particular temporal pattern within the discharges, and occur concomitantly in the two types of synapses. When excitatory and feed-forward inhibitory synapses are co-activated within the hippocampal feed-forward circuit unit, the net effect of their complementary STP is an additional increase in the gain of excitatory synapses during high-frequency discharges via selective disinhibition. Thus, excitatory and feed-forward inhibitory hippocampal synapses in vitro act synergistically as an adaptive filter that operates in a switch-like manner and is selective for high-frequency epochs.
[On translocation surgery of the tendon of the musculus peroneus brevis (M. fibularis brevis) in clubfoot (author's transl)]. (1978)

The paper reports on the basis of long-term observations on an old surgical method which used to be practised in infants before arthrolysis around the anklebone (pantalar arthrolysis) was employed in the treatment of insufficient lifting of the outer edge of the foot in clubfoot recidivation. This old surgical method consisted of translocating the tendon of the m. peroneus brevis (m. fibularis brevis) before the outer ankle bone. The method is described, and its mode of action is discussed. Results obtained with 14 operations of this kind, are presented.
Tissue Distribution and Plasma Binding of a Novel Antifibrotics Drug Pirfenidone in Rats (2006)

novel compound, has therapeutic potential for IPF. The tissue distribution and plasma binding of Pirfenidone (PF) had been investigated in rats. The HPLC method with DAD detection was applied for the measurement of PF in biological samples. After oral administration at 100 mg·kg-1 in rats, the parent drug and its metabolites were detected in tissues rapidly and the relative concentrations of PF are highest in well-perfused tissues. The levels, in descending order, rank as: stomach, duodenum, spleen, kidneys, liver, ventricle, brain, lung, etc. LC-MS/MS analysis was used for identified parent compound and its metabolites in tissue samples after single oral doses at 100 mg·kg-1 in rats. About two metabolites and parent compound has been detected in target tissue (lung). The major metabolites were identified as the alcohol (M1) and the carboxylic acid (M2) derivatives of PF. The ratio of plasma protein binding of the PF from rats and human were found to be 64.57%-84.91 % and 66.11 %-77.71 % in the range of 2-100 mg⋅L-1, and shown no species dependence. Totally, PF was rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body. Key words pirfenidone; tissue distribution; plasma binding; antifibrotic drug
Spatially Robust Audio Compensation Based on SIMO Feedforward Control (2009)

This paper introduces a single-input multiple-output (SIMO) feedforward approach to the single-channel loudspeaker equalization problem. Using a polynomial multivariable control framework, a spatially robust equalizer is derived based on a set of room transfer functions (RTFs) and a multipoint mean-square error (MSE) criterion. In contrast to earlier multipoint methods, the polynomial approach provides analytical expressions for the optimum filter, involving the RTF polynomials and certain spatial averages thereof. However, a direct use of the optimum solution is questionable from a perceptual point of view. Despite its multipoint MSE optimality, the filter exhibits similar, albeit less severe, problems as those encountered in nonrobust single-point designs. First, in the case of mixed phase design it is shown to cause residual ldquopre-ringingsrdquo and undesirable magnitude distortion in the equalized system. Second, due to insufficient spatial averaging when using a limited number of RTFs in the design, the filter is overfitted to the chosen set of measurement points, thus providing insufficient robustness. A remedy to these two problems is proposed, based on a constrained MSE design and a method for clustering of RTF zeros. The outcome is a mixed phase compensator with a time-domain performance preferable to that of the original unconstrained design.
A RADIANT ENERGY METER AND INTEGRATOR FOR PLANT GROWTH STUDIES (1967)

An instrument designed to indicate, record, and integrate radiant energy sensed by an Eppley thermopile is described. The output of the thermopile is amplified by a d-c. operational amplifier. The amplified output is connected to a meter or a recorder and totalized by an integrator. The output is calibrated in Ly min −1 and the sensitivity in the three recording modes is better than 0.02 Ly min −1 .
Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review (2002)

Garlic and its preparations have been widely recognized as agents for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and other metabolic diseases, atherosclerosis, hyperlipidemia, thrombosis, hypertension and diabetes. Effectiveness of garlic in cardiovascular diseases was more encouraging in experimental studies, which prompted several clinical trials. Though many clinical trials showed a positive effect of garlic on almost all cardiovascular conditions mentioned above, however a number of negative studies have recently cast doubt on the efficacy of garlic specially its cholesterol lowering effect of garlic. It is a great challenge for scientists all over the world to make a proper use of garlic and enjoy its maximum beneficial effect as it is the cheapest way to prevent cardiovascular disease. This review has attempted to make a bridge the gap between experimental and clinical study and to discuss the possible mechanisms of such therapeutic actions of garlic.
Multiple-image encryption and authentication with sparse representation by space multiplexing (2013)

A multiple-image encryption and authentication approach by space multiplexing has been proposed. The redundant spaces in the previous security systems employing sparse representation strategy are optimized. With the proposal the information of multiple images can be integrated into a synthesized ciphertext that is convenient for storage and transmission. Only when all the keys are correct can the information of the primary images be authenticated. Computer simulation results have demonstrated that the proposed method is feasible and effective. Moreover, the proposal is also proved to be robust against occlusion and noise attacks.
The Clinical Efficacy of Nebulized Racemic Epinephrine and Albuterol in Acute Bronchiolitis (1995)

Elimination of hypoxia by supplemental oxygen and moistening of inspired air relieve the symptoms of acute bronchiolitis. Nebulized racemic epinephrine and albuterol are safe and useful in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis. Improvements in symptom scores at 15 minutes favor the use of racemic epinephrine. As the action of epinephrine is short, the effect can be increased by repeated inhalations.
The Acquisition and Maintenance of Thermotolerance in Australian Wheats (1990)

The exposure of wheat (Triticum aestivum) coleoptiles to a transient high temperature stress results in the synthesis of a group of proteins known as the heat shock proteins (hsps). The appearance of these proteins is associated with a concomitant reduction in normal protein synthesis and has been correlated with the acquisition of thermotolerance (assessed as growth of coleoptiles). Pretreatment with a sublethal heat shock confers protection to a subsequent heat shock that would otherwise have been lethal. In addition, we find that increasing the time interval between the sublethal heat treatment and the subsequent heat shock from 0 to 72 h reduces the protective effect of the sublethal heat treatment considerably. The five cultivars examined (Sunelg, Sunco, Hartog, Vulcan, Halberd) showed differences in the degree of protection acquired, and in the length of time for which protection was maintained. Hartog was found to be the most thermotolerant, and acquired the greatest degree of protection from exposure to a sublethal heat treatment, but the duration of this acquired protection was shorter than in the remaining cultivars. Sunelg was most susceptible to a heat shock but the duration of acquired protection was the greatest.
Hydrothermal Crystallization of Yttrium‐Iron Garnet on a Seed (1962)

Yttrium‐iron garnet has been shown to be the stable solid phase, congruently saturating, and not subject to reduction in 50 wt% NaOH between 350° and 425°C at pressures from 200 to 1350 atm. Substantial diffusivity of hydrogen through platinum and gold has been shown to lead to the formation of Fe 3 O 4 in garnet syntheses attempted in platinum or gold capsules where water was the pressure‐transmitting fluid. Yttrium‐iron garnet has been grown on a seed crystal under the following conditions: crystallization temperature, 370°C; dissolving temperature, 420°C; pressure, 200 atm; and solvent, 50 wt% NaOH. The rate of crystallization was 0.08 mm per day in the (111) direction.
Self-Expiring Data Capsule using Trusted Execution Environment (2019)

Data privacy is unarguably of extreme importance. Nonetheless, there exist various daunting challenges to safe-guarding data privacy. These challenges stem from the fact that data owners have little control over their data once it has transgressed their local storage and been managed by third parties whose trustworthiness is questionable at times. Our work seeks to enhance data privacy by constructing a self-expiring data capsule. Sensitive data is encapsulated into a capsule which is associated with an access policy an expiring condition. The former indicates eligibility of functions that can access the data, and the latter dictates when the data should become inaccessible to anyone, including the previously eligible functions. Access to the data capsule, as well as its dismantling once the expiring condition is met, are governed by a committee of independent and mutually distrusting nodes. The pivotal contribution of our work is an integration of hardware primitive, state machine replication and threshold secret sharing in the design of the self-expiring data encapsulation framework. We implement the proposed framework in a system called TEEKAP. Our empirical experiments conducted on a realistic deployment setting with the access control committee spanning across four geographical regions reveal that TEEKAP can process access requests at scale with sub-second latency.
Revisión de Operadores de Agregación (2014)

Un problema que el ser humano debe afrontar muy habitualmente es el de tener que agregar, fundir o sintetizar información, esto es, combinar entre sí una serie de datos, procedentes de fuentes diversas, para llegar a una cierta conclusión o tomar una determinada decisión, esto supone el uso de uno o varios operadores de agregación capaces de proporcionar una relación de preferencia colectiva. Estos operadores se deben elegir según criterios específicos teniendo en cuenta las propiedades características de cada operador. En este trabajo se presenta una revisión de estos temas.
Identification of Commensal Bacterial Strains That Modulate <i>Yersinia enterocolitica</i> and Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Inflammatory Responses: Implications for the Development of Probiotics (2007)

An increasing body of evidence suggests that probiotic bacteria are effective in the treatment of enteric infections, although the molecular basis of this activity remains elusive. To identify putative probiotics, we tested commensal bacteria in terms of their toxicity, invasiveness, inhibition of Yersinia-induced inflammation in vitro and in vivo, and modulation of dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. The commensal bacteria Escherichia coli, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, Bacteroides vulgatus, Bacteroides distasonis, and Streptococcus salivarius were screened for adhesion to, invasion of, and toxicity for host epithelial cells (EC), and the strains were tested for their ability to inhibit Y. enterocolitica-induced NF-kappaB activation. Additionally, B. adolescentis was administered to mice orally infected with Y. enterocolitica and to mice with mucosae impaired by DSS treatment. None of the commensal bacteria tested was toxic for or invaded the EC. B. adolescentis, B. distasonis, B. vulgatus, and S. salivarius inhibited the Y. enterocolitica-induced NF-kappaB activation and interleukin-8 production in EC. In line with these findings, B. adolescentis-fed mice had significantly lower results for mean pathogen burden in the visceral organs, intestinal tumor necrosis factor alpha mRNA expression, and loss of body weight upon oral infection with Y. enterocolitica. In addition, the administration of B. adolescentis decelerated inflammation upon DSS treatment in mice. We suggest that our approach might help to identify new probiotics to be used for the treatment of inflammatory and infectious gastrointestinal disorders.
Division of labour between Myc and G1 cyclins in cell cycle commitment and pace control (2014)

A body of evidence has shown that the control of E2F transcription factor activity is critical for determining cell cycle entry and cell proliferation. However, an understanding of the precise determinants of this control, including the role of other cell-cycle regulatory activities, has not been clearly defined. Here, recognizing that the contributions of individual regulatory components could be masked by heterogeneity in populations of cells, we model the potential roles of individual components together with the use of an integrated system to follow E2F dynamics at the single-cell level and in real time. These analyses reveal that crossing a threshold amplitude of E2F accumulation determines cell cycle commitment. Importantly, we find that Myc is critical in modulating the amplitude, whereas cyclin D/E activities have little effect on amplitude but do contribute to the modulation of duration of E2F activation, thereby affecting the pace of cell cycle progression.
A platform for contextual multimedia data (2015)

Whereas the former Web mostly consisted of information represented in textual documents, nowadays the Web includes a huge number of multimedia documents like videos, photos, and audio. This enormous increase in volume in the private, and above all in the industry sector, makes it more and more difficult to find relevant information. Besides the pure management of multimedia documents, finding hidden semantics and interconnections of heterogeneous cross-media content is a crucial task and stays mostly untouched. To overcome this tendency we see the need for a generic cross-media analysis platform, ranging from extracting relevant features from media objects over representing and publishing extraction results to integrated querying of aggregated findings. In this paper we propose the underlying foundation for a common and contextual multimedia platform in terms of an unified model for publishing multimedia analysis results. The proposed model is based on existing ontologies, adapted and extended to the cross-media environment. Besides the introduction of the already mentioned platform and model, this paper also briefly introduces specific use-case applications as well as possibilities to query the persisted data.
Doping Fluctuation Effects in Trigate SOI MOSFETs (2008)

Random doping fluctuation effects are studied in n-channel Trigate SOI MOSFETs using numerical simulations. The presence of a single positive doping impurity atom increases the threshold voltage. Electrical parameters vary with the polarity and the physical location of the impurity atom.
15.5L: <i>Late‐News Paper</i> : 4.0‐in. High Definition AMOLED Panel Employing Simultaneous Emission Driving Method (2012)

Abstract We have fabricated a new 4.0‐inch 1280 × 720 pixels active matrix organic light emitting diode (AMOLED) panel employing simultaneous emission driving, which reduces the pixel area. A pixel circuit, which consists of 4 PMOS TFTs and 1 capacitor, successfully compensates the threshold voltage variation of low temperature poly‐silicon TFTs.
Patient‐specific dose estimation for pediatric chest CT (2008)

Current methods for organ and effective dose estimations in pediatric CT are largely patient generic. Physical phantoms and computer models have only been developed for standard/limited patient sizes at discrete ages (e.g., 0, 1, 5, 10, 15 years old) and do not reflect the variability of patient anatomy and body habitus within the same size/age group. In this investigation, full-body computer models of seven pediatric patients in the same size/protocol group (weight: 11.9-18.2 kg) were created based on the patients' actual multi-detector array CT (MDCT) data. Organs and structures in the scan coverage were individually segmented. Other organs and structures were created by morphing existing adult models (developed from visible human data) to match the framework defined by the segmented organs, referencing the organ volume and anthropometry data in ICRP Publication 89. Organ and effective dose of these patients from a chest MDCT scan protocol (64 slice LightSpeed VCT scanner, 120 kVp, 70 or 75 mA, 0.4 s gantry rotation period, pitch of 1.375, 20 mm beam collimation, and small body scan field-of-view) was calculated using a Monte Carlo program previously developed and validated to simulate radiation transport in the same CT system. The seven patients had normalized effective dose of 3.7-5.3 mSv/100 mAs (coefficient of variation: 10.8%). Normalized lung dose and heart dose were 10.4-12.6 mGy/100 mAs and 11.2-13.3 mGy/100 mAs, respectively. Organ dose variations across the patients were generally small for large organs in the scan coverage (<7%), but large for small organs in the scan coverage (9%-18%) and for partially or indirectly exposed organs (11%-77%). Normalized effective dose correlated weakly with body weight (correlation coefficient: r=-0.80). Normalized lung dose and heart dose correlated strongly with mid-chest equivalent diameter (lung: r=-0.99, heart: r=-0.93); these strong correlation relationships can be used to estimate patient-specific organ dose for any other patient in the same size/protocol group who undergoes the chest scan. In summary, this work reported the first assessment of dose variations across pediatric CT patients in the same size/protocol group due to the variability of patient anatomy and body habitus and provided a previously unavailable method for patient-specific organ dose estimation, which will help in assessing patient risk and optimizing dose reduction strategies, including the development of scan protocols.
Grid Computing and Applications (2001)

'Grid' computing has emerged as an important new field, distinguished from conventional distributed computing by its focus on large-scale resource sharing, innovative applications, and, in some cases, high-performance orientation. In this talk, Dr. Foster defines this new field. First, he reviews the 'Grid problem,' which he defines as flexible, secure, coordinated resource sharing among dynamic collections of individuals, institutions, and resources - what he refers to as virtual organizations. In such settings, we encounter unique authentication, resource access, resource discovery, and other challenges. It is this class of problem that is addressed by Grid technologies. He presents an extensible and open Grid architecture, in which protocols, services, application programming interfaces, and software development kits are categorized according to their roles in enabling resource sharing. He also reviews major Grid projects worldwide and describes how they are contributing to the realization of this architecture.