gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relationships between age and epi-genotype of the FMR1 exon 1/intron 1 boundary are consistent with non-random X-chromosome inactivation in FM individuals, with the selection for the unmethylated state being most significant between birth and puberty (2013)

Methylation of the fragile X-related epigenetic element 2 (FREE2) located on the exon 1/intron 1 boundary of the FMR1 gene is related to FMRP expression and cognitive impairment in full mutation (FM; CGG>200) individuals. We examined the relationship between age, the size of the FMR1 CGG expansion and the methylation output ratio (MOR) at 12 CpG sites proximal to the exon 1/intron 1 boundary using FREE2 MALDI-TOF MS. The patient cohort included 119 males and 368 females, i.e. 121 healthy controls (CGG<40), 176 premutation (CGG 55-170) and 190 FM (CGG 213-2000). For all CpG units examined, FM males showed a significantly elevated MOR compared with that in hypermethylated FM females. In FM males the MOR for most CpG units significantly positively correlated with both age and CGG size (P< 0.05). In FM females the skewing towards the unmethylated state was significant for half of the units between birth and puberty (P < 0.05). The methylation status of intron 1 CpG10-12 that was most significantly related to cognitive impairment in our earlier study, did not change significantly with age in FM females. These results challenge the concept of fragile X syndrome (FXS)-related methylation being static over time, and suggest that due to the preference for the unmethylated state in FM females, X-inactivation at this locus is not random. The findings also highlight that the prognostic value of FXS methylation testing is not uniform between all CpG sites, and thus may need to be evaluated on a site-by-site basis.
Tunneling explains efficient electron transport via protein junctions (2018)

Metalloproteins, proteins containing a transition metal ion cofactor, are electron transfer agents that perform key functions in cells. Inspired by this fact, electron transport across these proteins has been widely studied in solid-state settings, triggering the interest in examining potential use of proteins as building blocks in bioelectronic devices. Here, we report results of low-temperature (10 K) electron transport measurements via monolayer junctions based on the blue copper protein azurin (Az), which strongly suggest quantum tunneling of electrons as the dominant charge transport mechanism. Specifically, we show that, weakening the protein-electrode coupling by introducing a spacer, one can switch the electron transport from off-resonant to resonant tunneling. This is a consequence of reducing the electrode's perturbation of the Cu(II)-localized electronic state, a pattern that has not been observed before in protein-based junctions. Moreover, we identify vibronic features of the Cu(II) coordination sphere in transport characteristics that show directly the active role of the metal ion in resonance tunneling. Our results illustrate how quantum mechanical effects may dominate electron transport via protein-based junctions.
Sequential discriminant error minimization: the theory and its application to real-time video object recognition (2005)

In the context of object detection for intelligent video surveillance, a number of factors have to be taken into account. Two crucial factors are the ability to learn multi-class pattern classifiers with noisy (high Bayes error rate) data and the ability to implement these classifiers on platforms with varying computational capabilities. Recent empirical and theoretical results in discriminative (as opposed to probabilistic) learning algorithms for classification, have proven that directly solving a classification task leads to better generalization and lower complexity requirements than solving an intermediate regression task. The key differences between the various discriminative learning algorithms lie in the precise technique and objective function used to directly maximize generalization performance. Typically, the method of choice has been to minimize the upper bound on the probability of error of a classifier along with some regularization. This thesis suggests an augmented method: minimize the mean squared discriminant error (MSDE) of a classifier. A learning algorithm minimizing MSDE lends itself to estimation-theoretic analysis of its properties. The property of importance is the relative statistical efficiency, i.e., dominance of a learning algorithm in estimating the Bayes-optimal partition of the data. Just as in the case of the bias-variance decomposition of the MSE objective function for regression problems, there exists as associated decomposition of MSDE for classification problems. Minimizing MSDE in a model-constructive framework leads to the formulation of the sequential discriminant error minimization (SDEM) algorithm. This thesis outlines a strategy to derive, implement and analyze SDEM in the context of an automated real-time video surveillance application.
<title>Polishing of polycrystalline diamond films</title> (1990)

Optically smooth surfaces can be produced on initially rough polycrystalline diamond film through the combined use of reactive ion etching and high temperature lapping on Fe metai Protective thin film barriers are first applied to the diamond surface to restrict the reactiv oxygen or hydrogen ion etching process to regions of greatest roughness. When the overaJ surface roughness has been reduced sufficiently by etching mechanical lapping of the surfac on an Fe plate at temperatures of 730C-900C in the presence of hydrogen can be used t produce surface roughnesses of less than 10 nm as measured by profilimetry. The tw techniques are complementary for flat surfaces while the reactive etching process alone can b used with shaped substrates to produce a surface finish suitable for LWIR optical applications. 1.
Recursive bisection placement (2005)

In this paper, we summarize circuit placement techniques and algorithms developed by the BLAC CAD research group; these have been integrated into our recursive bisection based placement tool feng shui. We also briefly describe current research interests.
Transparent oil‐water gels (1986)

Synopsis The present article reviews both the cosmetic and the pharmaceutical literature concerning transparent oil-water gels. We propose the term 'transparent oil-water gel' for semisolid systems that consist mainly of water, oil and an emulsifying agent or agents and that are characterized by a jelly-like consistency, transparency, homogeneity, optical isotropy, thermodynamic stability, and the occurrence of a 'ring' or resonance when a containerful is tapped. The literature reflects a rather remarkable degree of confusion, not only with regard to terminology, but also with regard to the basic concept of the formation of transparent oil-water gels. After a brief discussion justifying our selection of the term, the advantages specifically attributed to these gels are summarized, and the raw materials used in their formation as well as factors affecting their formulation are described. Finally, their applications as cosmetic and as pharmaceutical vehicles are reviewed.
Auld Lang Syne [Editor's Remarks] (2013)

Presents the editorial for this issue of the publication.
Alkoxysulfonylisocyanate (1972)

Abstract Durch thermische Zersetzung von Verbindungen der allgemeinen Struktur 4 werden Alkoxy‐sulfonylisocyanate 5 , eine neue Klasse hochreaktiver Isocyanate, gewonnen.
Melatonin Receptor Signaling: Finding the Path Through the Dark (2001)

Melatonin, dubbed "the hormone of darkness," is involved in relaying photoperiodic information to the organism. Not only is melatonin involved in the regulation of circadian rhythms and sleep, but it also has roles in visual, cerebrovascular, reproductive, neuroendocrine, and neuroimmunological functions. Melatonin mediates its effects through G protein-coupled receptors: MT(1), MT(2), and, possibly, MT(3). Pharmacological agents have been instrumental in identifying these receptor types. Masana and Dubocovich discuss how the level of receptor expression may alter their efficacy, so that caution is necessary when extrapolating the pharmacological properties of ligands defined on recombinant systems to the receptors in the organism. With these cautions in mind, they describe the various signaling pathways and physiological roles ascribed to the three melatonin receptor types.
Lymphangioleiomyomatosis — a wolf in sheep’s clothing (2012)

Lymphangioleiomyomatosis (LAM) is a rare progressive lung disease of women. LAM is caused by mutations in the tuberous sclerosis genes, resulting in activation of the mTOR complex 1 signaling network. Over the past 11 years, there has been remarkable progress in the understanding of LAM and rapid translation of this knowledge to an effective therapy. LAM pathogenic mechanisms mirror those of many forms of human cancer, including mutation, metabolic reprogramming, inappropriate growth and survival, metastasis via blood and lymphatic circulation, infiltration/invasion, sex steroid sensitivity, and local and remote tissue destruction. However, the smooth muscle cell that metastasizes, infiltrates, and destroys the lung in LAM arises from an unknown source and has an innocent histological appearance, with little evidence of proliferation. Thus, LAM is as an elegant, monogenic model of neoplasia, defying categorization as either benign or malignant.
Coded Communication over Fading Channels (2004)

In studying the performance of coded communications over memoryless channels (with or without fading), the results are given as upper bounds on the average bit error probability (BEP). In principle, there are three different approaches to arriving at these bounds, all of which employ obtaining the so-called pairwise error probability , or the probability of choosing one symbol sequence over another for a given pair of possible transmitted symbol sequences, followed by a weighted summation over all pairwise events. In this chapter, we will focus on the results obtained from the third approach since these provide the tightest upper bounds on the true performance. The first emphasis will be placed on evaluating the pairwise error probability with and without CSI, following which we shall discuss how the results of these evaluations can be used via the transfer bound approach to evaluate average BEP of coded modulation transmitted over the fading channel.
Solutions of Aluminum Chloride as Vigorous Catalysts (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolutions of Aluminum Chloride as Vigorous CatalystsAlfred W. FrancisCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 2, 342–344Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50482a035RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views196Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (426 KB) Get e-Alerts
Multiple factors are required for the accurate transcription of purified genes by RNA polymerase III. (1980)

Cell-free extracts (S-100) prepared from cultured mammalian KB cells have previously been shown to direct accurate and selective transcription of class III genes by RNA polymerase III. We have fractionated the KB S-100 and have found that multiple components are essential for the accurate transcription of these genes. After the S-100 has been separated into four different protein fractions by chromatography on phosphocellulose, two fractions are required, in addition to RNA polymerase III, for active and selective transcription of the virus-associated RNAI gene of adenovirus 2 and a tRNA gene; a third fraction is required, along with these components, for the reconstitution of 5 S RNA gene transcription. At least two of these components are distinct from the four factors required for accurate initiation of transcription by RNA polymerase II (Matsui, T., Segall, J., Weil, P. A., and Roeder, R. G. (1980) J. Biol. Chem. 255, 11992-11996).
Energy proportionality and workload consolidation for latency-critical applications (2015)

Energy proportionality and workload consolidation are important objectives towards increasing efficiency in large-scale datacenters. Our work focuses on achieving these goals in the presence of applications with μs-scale tail latency requirements. Such applications represent a growing subset of datacenter workloads and are typically deployed on dedicated servers, which is the simplest way to ensure low tail latency across all loads. Unfortunately, it also leads to low energy efficiency and low resource utilization during the frequent periods of medium or low load.
Competitive coding scheme for palmprint verification (2004)

There is increasing interest in the development of reliable, rapid and non-intrusive security control systems. Among the many approaches, biometrics such as palmprints provide highly effective automatic mechanisms for use in personal identification. This paper presents a new method for extracting features from palmprints using the competitive coding scheme and angular matching. The competitive coding scheme uses multiple 2-D Gabor filters to extract orientation information from palm lines. This information is then stored in a feature vector called the competitive code. The angular matching with an effective implementation is then defined for comparing the proposed codes, which can make over 9,000 comparisons within 1s. In our testing database of 7,752 palmprint samples from 386 palms, we can achieve a high genuine acceptance rate of 98.4% and a low false acceptance rate of 3/spl times/10/sup -6/%. The execution time for the whole process of verification, including preprocessing, feature extraction and final matching, is 1s.
Glutamate‐Induced Increase in Intracellular Ca<sup>2+</sup> in Cerebral Cortex Neurons Is Transient in Immature Cells but Permanent in Mature Cells (1989)

The free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) of cultured cerebral cortex neurons was determined using a fluorescent Ca2+ chelator (Fluo-3) after exposure of the neurons to glutamate. Mature neurons (8 days in culture) responded within 45 s to 100 microM glutamate by an increase in [Ca2+]i from 75 to 340 nM, an increase that during the following 6 min of exposure reached 400 nM. This increase in [Ca2+]i could not be reversed by removal of glutamate. In the absence of extracellular CaCl2, only part of the initial, rapid, glutamate-induced increase in [Ca2+]i was observed in these neurons. In contrast to these findings, neurons cultured for only 2 days (immature neurons) exhibited only a small (from 75 to 173 nM) increase in [Ca2+]i after exposure to 100 microM glutamate, and this rapid increase in [Ca2+]i tended to decline on prolonged exposure to glutamate. Moreover, after removal of glutamate, the increase in [Ca2+]i was fully reversible. Pharmacological characterization of the response to glutamate in mature neurons showed that the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists phencyclidine and D-2-amino-5-phosphonovalerate phosphonovalerate blocked 75 and 90%, respectively, of the response, whereas the non-NMDA antagonist 6-cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione had little effect.
Osmotic Tolerance Limits and Properties of Murine Spermatozoa1 (1996)

Osmotic tolerance of spermatozoa is a critical determinant of functional survival after cryopreservation. This study first tested the hypothesis that mouse spermatozoa behave as linear osmometers, using an electronic particle counter to measure the change in sperm volume in response to anisosmotic solutions. The resulting Boyle-van't Hoff plot was linear (r2 = 0.99) from 75 to 1200 mOsmolal and indicates that 60.7% of the total cell volume is osmotically inactive. Next, mouse sperm tolerance to osmotic stress was determined by assessment of plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial viability, and motility. Each functional endpoint was measured after exposure to anisosmotic solutions and again after return to isosmolality. The dual fluorescent stains-carboxyfluorescein diacetate with propidium iodide and Rhodamine 123 with propidium iodide-were used to determine membrane integrity and functional mitochondria, respectively. Motility was measured by video microscopy in the range of 1-2400 mOsmolal and was further analyzed from 140 to 600 mOsmolal using computer-assisted semen analysis. The data indicate that motility is substantially more sensitive to osmotic stress than either mitochondrial viability or membrane integrity and that mouse spermatozoa should be maintained within 76-124% of their isosmotic volume during cryopreservation in order to maintain > 80% of pretreatment motility.
518. Mannose-containing polysaccharides. Part II. The galactomannan of fenugreek seed (Trigonella fœnum-græcum) (1952)

P. Andrews, L. Hough and J. K. N. Jones, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 2744 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520002744
T lymphocytes infiltrating sites of tumor rejection and progression display identical V <i>beta</i> usage but different cytotoxic activities. (1995)

Abstract Most tumors grow progressively and overwhelm the host. The rare but documented cases of spontaneous regression of primary tumors are indicative of the potential of tumor-bearing hosts to develop a significant antitumor response. Because most tumors grow progressively in the host, it is not surprising that the majority of studies have focused on T lymphocytes that infiltrate these tumors. Although these studies have generated significant and useful information during the period of tumor growth, they can only speculate on the mechanisms that are involved in tumor rejection. We have used a well developed sponge model of concomitant tumor immunity that allows us to compare the immunologic events that occur during tumor progression vs rejection. In this model, an animal harboring a primary EMT6 mammary tumor is challenged with a secondary tumor implant through a pre-implanted gelatin sponge. During the manifestation of concomitant tumor immunity, the secondary tumor is rejected and the effector cells mediating the response are retained within the sponge matrix. Using this model we analyzed the TCR usage, cytotoxic activity of lymphocytes, and cytokine production at both tumor sites. The data revealed that tumor-rejecting lymphocytes isolated from the site of secondary tumor implant were cytotoxic toward EMT6 cells, whereas tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes isolated from the progressing primary tumor were not. Interestingly, the TCR-V beta repertoire of the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and tumor-rejecting lymphocytes were identical with V beta 1 and V beta 8 being predominant at both sites. Furthermore, the rejection site showed higher gene expression of IFN-gamma, TNF-alpha, and IL-10 whereas TGF-beta expression was slightly higher in the progressing tumors. These findings suggest that the disparate effector functions observed during tumor progression vs rejection are not caused by different T cell phenotypes but may be due instead to influences exerted by cytokines produced at the tumor sites.
DESIGN OF AKKALKARA (SPILANTHES ACMELLA) FORMULATIONS FOR ANTI- MICROBIAL AND TOPICAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES (2012)

For centuries, Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr. (Fam. Compositae) has been recommended in traditional medicine for treatment of toothache, rheumatism and fever. Of the reported phytoconstituents of the plant, Spilanthol is known to possess antibacterial and anti inflammatory activity. The aim of the current investigation is to evaluate the potential of novel vesicular carrier, ethosomes, containing the methanolic extract of Spilanthes acmella, for anti inflammatory action via transdermal route and to test the potential of the herbal extract for antimicrobial property when formulated as an oral mucoadhesive gel. Drug loaded ethosomes prepared using phospholipid and ethanol, were optimized and characterized for entrapment efficiency, vesicular size, shape, in vitro skin permeation, and stability. The ethosomal vesicles were incorporated in carbopol gel base and its anti‐inflammatory efficiency was compared with the marketed diclofenac gel. Mucoadhesive oral gels containing extract were formulated using different concentrations of polymers and extracts and tested for parameters like viscosity and mucoadhesive behavior. The optimized formulation was evaluated for antimicrobial activity against different microorganisms
Cloning and Sequencing of the <i>Sphingomonas</i> ( <i>Pseudomonas</i> ) <i>paucimobilis</i> Gene Essential for the O Demethylation of Vanillate and Syringate (1998)

Sphingomonas (Pseudomonas) paucimobilis SYK-6 is able to grow on 5,5'-dehydrodivanillic acid (DDVA), syringate, vanillate, and other dimeric model compounds of lignin as a sole carbon source. Nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis of S. paucimobilis SYK-6 was performed, and two mutants with altered DDVA degradation pathways were isolated. The mutant strain NT-1 could not degrade DDVA, but could degrade syringate, vanillate, and 2,2',3'-trihydroxy-3-methoxy-5,5'-dicarboxybiphenyl (OH-DDVA). Strain DC-49 could slowly assimilate DDVA, but could degrade neither vanillate nor syringate, although it could degrade protocatechuate and 3-O-methylgallate. A complementing DNA fragment of strain DC-49 was isolated from the cosmid library of strain SYK-6. The minimum DNA fragment complementing DC-49 was determined to be the 1.8-kbp insert of pKEX2.0. Sequencing analysis showed an open reading frame of 1,671 bp in this fragment, and a similarity search indicated that the deduced amino acid sequence of this open reading frame had significant similarity (60%) to the formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase of Clostridium thermoaceticum.
Nanosecond high-power dense microplasma switch for visible light (2014)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation A. Bataller, J. Koulakis, S. Pree, S. Putterman; Nanosecond high-power dense microplasma switch for visible light. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1 December 2014; 105 (22): 223501. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4902914 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search