gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Options for Control of Reactive Power by Distributed Photovoltaic Generators (2011)

High-penetration levels of distributed photovoltaic (PV) generation on an electrical distribution circuit present several challenges and opportunities for distribution utilities. Rapidly varying irradiance conditions may cause voltage sags and swells that cannot be compensated by slowly responding utility equipment resulting in a degradation of power quality. Although not permitted under current standards for interconnection of distributed generation, fast-reacting, VAR-capable PV inverters may provide the necessary reactive power injection or consumption to maintain voltage regulation under difficult transient conditions. As side benefit, the control of reactive power injection at each PV inverter provides an opportunity and a new tool for distribution utilities to optimize the performance of distribution circuits, e.g., by minimizing thermal losses. We discuss and compare via simulation various design options for control systems to manage the reactive power generated by these inverters. An important design decision that weighs on the speed and quality of communication required is whether the control should be centralized or distributed (i.e., local). In general, we find that local control schemes are able to maintain voltage within acceptable bounds. We consider the benefits of choosing different local variables on which to control and how the control system can be continuously tuned between robust voltage control, suitable for daytime operation when circuit conditions can change rapidly, and loss minimization better suited for nighttime operation.
Analysis of quantization errors in the direct form for finite impulse response digital filters (1973)

An analysis of the three possible types of quantization effects in the direct form realization of finite impulse response (FIR) digital filters is presented. These quantization effects include roundoff noise, A-D noise, and filter frequency response errors due to coefficient quantization. Since the analysis of roundoff noise and A-D noise for the direct form is straightforward, this paper concentrates on an analysis of the effects of quantized coefficients on the resulting filter frequency response. Based on this analysis, statistical bounds on the error incurred in the frequency response of a filter due to coefficient quantization are developed and verified by extensive experimental data. Using these bounds, a procedure for applying known techniques for FIR filter design to the design of filters with finite word length coefficients is presented. On the whole, the direct form is shown to be a very attractive structure for realizing FIR filters.
New smart grid applications for power system operations (2010)

Smart grid technologies for the high voltage power grid usually refer to (1) the new sensors that can sample voltages and currents at very fast rates and calculate their phase relationships by coordinating with aGPS time signal, (2) the high bandwidth communications that can move this voluminous measurement data to monitoring and control stations, and (3) fast controllers like breakers and power electronic controls (FACTS) that can be operated by remote signals. This raises the possibility of many new applications for monitoring, for advisory notification, and for automatic control that can help the system operator and system operation. In this panel presentation we discuss some of these new applications that weren't possible before as well as the modifications of existing applications which can be made more robust and more useful by the new technologies.
Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles within Multicomponent Oil/Brine Interfaces: A Study in Molecular Dynamics (2016)

Stability control of nanoparticles within polar and nonpolar liquid interfaces can be influenced by surface effects and molecular-level interactions. This study uses fully atomistic molecular dynamics to investigate the behavior of functionalized silica nanoparticles (NPs) at crude oil/brine interfaces as a function of salt, brine concentration, temperature, and NP surface functionalization. The light crude oil model used in this study comprises aromatics, alkanes and cycloalkanes. Silanized (H-passivated), PEGlyated, and sulfonated functionalized NPs are used to account for hydrophilicity variations. The size effect of the functional groups is evaluated for PEGlyated NPs. The highest contact angles (NP moves toward the oil phase) are observed for monovalent (NaCl) solutions, at higher salt concentrations, and for PEGlyated NPs. The findings indicate that the Young–Laplace equation is still valid at nanoscale for spherically symmetric nanoparticles. The mobility of all NPs indicates that the self-diffusion coefficient is ten times faster along than across the interface. The results also show that aromatic molecules adsorb to the NP surface, even on the face located in the brine phase, where they form patchy domains on each nanoparticle evaluated. As this result can greatly affect the stability of NPs at oil/brine interfaces, it has implications for several technological applications.
Downstream flow event sampling of acid mine drainage from the historic Mt Morgan Mine (2002)

Numerous scientific reports concur that the Dee River is heavily impacted by acid mine drainage from the historic gold and copper mine at Mt Morgan, Central Queensland. The water quality along the Dee River, for 18 km downstream of the mine she to is junction with Fletcher Creek, is characterised by low pH, typically 2.8 to 4.2. With respect to metal concentrations, the Dee River has been described as one of Australia's most polluted rivers. Measurements of pH along the Dee River clearly demonstrated the movement of a slug of acidic water down the river during each of the four flow events between November 2000 and February 2001. Laboratory analysis of water samples collected during November indicated Al, Cu and Zn concentrations orders of magnitude above ANZECC guidelines. Fish kills occurred with each flow event and killed an estimated total of 26,000 fish.
Genome-Wide Expression Analysis Indicates that FNR of<i>Escherichia coli</i>K-12 Regulates a Large Number of Genes of Unknown Function (2005)

The major regulator controlling the physiological switch between aerobic and anaerobic growth conditions in Escherichia coli is the DNA binding protein FNR. To identify genes controlled by FNR, we used Affymetrix Antisense GeneChips to compare global gene expression profiles from isogenic MG1655 wild-type and Deltafnr strains grown in glucose minimal media under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. We found that 297 genes contained within 184 operons were regulated by FNR and/or by O2 levels. The expression of many genes known to be involved in anaerobic respiration and fermentation was increased under anaerobic growth conditions, while that of genes involved in aerobic respiration and the tricarboxylic acid cycle were repressed as expected. The expression of nine operons associated with acid resistance was also increased under anaerobic growth conditions, which may reflect the production of acidic fermentation products. Ninety-one genes with no presently defined function were also altered in expression, including seven of the most highly anaerobically induced genes, six of which we found to be directly regulated by FNR. Classification of the 297 genes into eight groups by k-means clustering analysis indicated that genes with common gene expression patterns also had a strong functional relationship, providing clues for studying the function of unknown genes in each group. Six of the eight groups showed regulation by FNR; while some expression groups represent genes that are simply activated or repressed by FNR, others, such as those encoding functions for chemotaxis and motility, showed a more complex pattern of regulation. A computer search for FNR DNA binding sites within predicted promoter regions identified 63 new sites for 54 genes. We suggest that E. coli MG1655 has a larger metabolic potential under anaerobic conditions than has been previously recognized.
Oscar Wilde: A "Writerly" Life (1994)

For many of Wilde's works there are numerous manuscript and typescript texts and drafts; many works, too, exist in more than one published version. This fortunate circumstance allows us to study his methods as a writer, and it affords modern scholars a degree of intimacy with him not available to earlier critics. The constant revision of his work exhibited in the manuscripts and typescripts will be documented in the forthcoming Oxford English Texts edition of Wilde's works. But does this material have implications beyond textual scholarship? Does acknowledge of Wilde's writing practices bear in any way on his biography?
Further Advances in Coiled-Tubing Drilling (1995)

Abstract The use of coiled tubing (CT) to drill horizontal re-entry wells has received considerable interest in the industry over the last two years. The benefit of being able to drill at balance, safely and in a controlled manner, with nitrogen to reduce downhole pressure while drilling highly depleted reservoirs, provides an advantage over conventional techniques, particularly in reducing formation damage. This paper describes such a horizontal re-entry drilled in the shallow depleted waterflooded reservoir Barenburg in northern Germany. The scope of work for this project included (1) cutting windows through 6 5/8- and 9 5/8-in. casing, (2) drilling a 5 7/8-in.-medium-radius curve, (3) running a 5-in. liner and a 5½-in. parasitic string for nitrogen injection, (4) drilling a 4 3/8-in. horizontal with nitrogen to maintain a balanced condition, (5) running openhole logs, and (6) running 3½-in. slotted liner. The entire program was executed with no intervention from a conventional rig or workover hoist. A special structure to be positioned over the well to support the CT injector head and to provide a work platform had to be constructed for this type of operation. A dedicated mast for lifting pipe and downhole tools was placed on the substructure. The development of a surface-controlled orienting tool and an adjustable motor provided excellent directional capabilities on a 2 3/8-in. CT. This program represents a significant extension of the capabilities of drilling with CT. Introduction Over the last 2 years, a number of oil companies have gained experience with CT drilling that has been carried out mainly as re-entry operations. Encouraging results have been reported that generated the idea to develop this technology further as an integrated package capable of carrying out the entire operation without the intervention of a conventional rig or workover hoist. Because no service company on the market could provide the entire scope of work, BEB Erdgas & Erdol GmbH decided to cooperate with two companies on a partnership basis to develop required tools and equipment. A trust was formed between the two service companies for this project.
Regulatory Genes Controlling Anthocyanin Pigmentation Are Functionally Conserved among Plant Species and Have Distinct Sets of Target Genes. (1993)

In this study, we demonstrate that in petunia at least four regulatory genes (anthocyanin-1 [an1], an2, an4, and an11) control transcription of a subset of structural genes from the anthocyanin pathway by using a combination of RNA gel blot analysis, transcription run-on assays, and transient expression assays. an2- and an11- mutants could be transiently complemented by the maize regulatory genes Leaf color (Lc) or Colorless-1 (C1), respectively, whereas an1- mutants only by Lc and C1 together. In addition, the combination of Lc and C1 induces pigment accumulation in young leaves. This indicates that Lc and C1 are both necessary and sufficient to produce pigmentation in leaf cells. Regulatory pigmentation genes in maize and petunia control different sets of structural genes. The maize Lc and C1 genes expressed in petunia differentially activate the promoters of the chalcone synthase genes chsA and chsJ in the same way that the homologous petunia genes do. This suggests that the regulatory proteins in both species are functionally similar and that the choice of target genes is determined by their promoter sequences. We present an evolutionary model that explains the differences in regulation of pigmentation pathways of maize, petunia, and snapdragon.
Optimizing Your Online-Advertisement Asynchronously (2014)

We consider the problem of designing optimal online-ad investment strategies for a single advertiser, who invests at multiple sponsored search sites simultaneously, with the objective of maximizing his average revenue subject to the advertising budget constraint. A greedy online investment scheme is developed to achieve an average revenue that can be pushed to within $O(ε)$ of the optimal, for any $ε>0$, with a tradeoff that the temporal budget violation is $O(1/ε)$. Different from many existing algorithms, our scheme allows the advertiser to \emph{asynchronously} update his investments on each search engine site, hence applies to systems where the timescales of action update intervals are heterogeneous for different sites. We also quantify the impact of inaccurate estimation of the system dynamics and show that the algorithm is robust against imperfect system knowledge.
Stereoelectroencephalography Following Subdural Grid Placement for Difficult to Localize Epilepsy (2013)

SEEG is a safe and effective method after subdural grid placement is inconclusive, providing an additional opportunity for seizure freedom in this highly challenging group of patients.
Properties of bonded anisotropic magnets (1991)

High-energy product anisotropic Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets can be prepared by consolidation and hot-deforming melt-spun material. One feature of this type of magnet is that it can be converted into stable powders for subsequent processing into anisotropic bonded magnets. The stability of this powder is attributed to the much smaller crystalline size of the rapidly solidified materials compared to that of sintered magnets. In this work, the properties of anisotropic bonded magnets made from powders produced by hydrogen decrepitation and by a mechanical crushing process are given. Energy products of 15–18 MGOe have been achieved by compression molding techniques. Long-term thermal stability at 100 and 125 °C of bonded magnets using various binders are given. Transmission electron microscopy studies of the anisotropic powder indicate the microstructure to be similar to the hot-deformed precursor material.
Moisture and Temperature Triggered Release of a Volatile Active Agent from Soy Protein Coated Paper: Effect of Glass Transition Phenomena on Carvacrol Diffusion Coefficient (2008)

Carvacrol release from SPI-coated papers was evaluated at different relative humidities (RH; 60, 80, and 100%) and storage temperatures (5, 20, and 30 degrees C). Effective carvacrol diffusivities were determined from experimental release kinetics and by using a mathematical model based on Fick's second law. Increasing storage temperature and RH lead to an increase of carvacrol diffusivity. Depending on the relative humidity, the carvacrol effective diffusivity varied from 1.71 x 10(-16) to 138 x 10(-16) m(2)/s at 30 degrees C, from 0.85 x 10(-16) to 8.78 x 10(-16) m(2)/s at 20 degrees C, and from 0.11 x 10(-16) to 7.50 x 10(-16) m(2)/s at 5 degrees C. The combined effect of relative humidity and temperature on diffusivity was particularly marked at 30 degrees C and 100% RH. The temperature and relative humidity dependence of carvacrol release was related to the glass transition phenomenon and its effect on chain protein mobility and carvacrol diffusivity.
Other formulations and future considerations for apomorphine for subcutaneous injection therapy (2004)

This manuscript reviews apomorphine administration in formulations other than intermittent bolus injection, and comments on other potential uses for this unique compound. Continuous sc apomorphine therapy has been shown to alter peak-dose dyskinesia thresholds in advancing patients, and in some instances may replace all other anti-parkinson therapies. In general continuous infusion of sc apomorphine at a rate of 4 mg/h is well tolerated, and has been postulated to be equivalent to approximately 600 mg levodopa/day. This therapy is associated with skin complications, particularly nodule formation, and focal panniculitis is seen in more than 50% of subjects. Optimal dosages for intranasal apomorphine range from 2 to 5 mg per inhalation with benefit seen at 7.5 minutes and duration of effect of 45 to 55 minutes. Side effects included nasal irritation, vestibulitis, dyskinesias, yawning, and nausea. Comparison of 3 mg sc and 30 mg sublingual apomorphine in 9 Parkinson's disease subjects in a blinded cross-over trial found that the time to peak benefit was beyond 40 minutes with sl apomorphine, compared to 21 minutes in the sc preparation. Chronic use of the sublingual formulation was associated with severe stomatitis in half the subjects, and markedly limited the treatment. Rectal administration of apomorphine has been evaluated in limited, usually post-operative settings. Administration of a 200 mg apomorphine rectal suppository resulted in an average time to benefit of 32 minutes with an average duration of 195 minutes. Sedation, nausea and faintness were reported as side effects. Although the diagnostic confirmation potential of this agent has been questioned, the drug may have an important role in evaluating the potential for benefit in the deep brain stimulation surgical setting.
3D Point Cloud Simplification Based on <i>k</i>-Nearest Neighbor and Clustering (2020)

While the reconstruction of 3D objects is increasingly used today, the simplification of 3D point cloud, however, becomes a substantial phase in this process of reconstruction. This is due to the huge amounts of dense 3D point cloud produced by 3D scanning devices. In this paper, a new approach is proposed to simplify 3D point cloud based on k -nearest neighbor ( k -NN) and clustering algorithm. Initially, 3D point cloud is divided into clusters using k -means algorithm. Then, an entropy estimation is performed for each cluster to remove the ones that have minimal entropy. In this paper, MATLAB is used to carry out the simulation, and the performance of our method is testified by test dataset. Numerous experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed simplification method of 3D point cloud.
Enzymatic and Chemical Cleavage of Fusion Proteins (1994)

This unit provides protocols for some commonly used methods of site-specific cleavage of fusion proteins. The first three protocols describe enzymatic cleavage of proteins using proteases (factor Xa, thrombin, and enterokinase) that display highly restricted specificities, which greatly decrease the likelihood that unwanted secondary cuts will occur. Three additional protocols describe specific cleavage of fusion proteins with chemical reagents (cyanogen bromide, hydroxylamine, and low pH) as an alternative to enzymatic cleavage.
Scaling images and image features via the renormalization group (2002)

The problem of obtaining high-quality images and image features at different scales is discussed. Emphasis is placed on a Markov image model described in a lattice by a Gaussian noise and a local regularization term depending upon the image discontinuities. An approximate self-similar property of the model is derived by a process of averaging over half of the lattice sites. This is known as the renormalization group approach. Two multiscale pyramid structures, one of images and the other of image discontinuities, are obtained. The coarse images generated by the proposed method are smooth and show good contrast. The approach, when applied in the reverse order, is capable of enlarging images, while accounting for the original image features. The quality of the derived pyramid is demonstrated by using it to help solve a segmentation problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Crystal Structure of Recombinant Chicken Triosephosphate Isomerase-Phosphoglycolohydroxamate Complex at 1.8-.ANG. Resolution (1994)

The crystal structure of recombinant chicken triosephosphate isomerase (TIM, E.C. 5.3.1.1) complexed with the intermediate analogue phosphoglycolohydroxamate (PGH) has been solved by the method of molecular replacement and refined to an R-factor of 18.5% at 1.8-A resolution. The structure is essentially identical to that of the yeast TIM-PGH complex [Davenport, R. C., et al. (1991) Biochemistry 30, 5821-5826] determined earlier and refined at comparable resolution. This identity extends to the high-energy conformations of the active-site residues Lys13 and Ser211, as well as the positions of several bound water molecules that are retained in the active site when PGH is bound. Comparison with the structure of uncomplexed chicken TIM shows that the catalytic base, Glu165, moves several angstroms when PGH binds. This movement may provide a trigger for a larger conformational change, one of 7 A, in a loop near the active site, which folds down like a lid to shield the bound inhibitor and catalytic residues from contact with bulk solvent. These same conformational changes were seen in crystalline yeast TIM upon binding of PGH; their occurrence here in a different crystal form of TIM eliminates the possibility that they are an artifact of crystal packing.
Application of Ultrasonic Waves in Powder Transportation (2011)

Ultrasound technology has become an important aspect in material handling and machining. This paper describes the application of standing and traveling ultrasonic waves to transport powder and how they are useful in feeding, dosing and supplying small amounts of powder with high accuracy. Piezoelectric actuators are being used to generate the ultrasonic waves in various devices. These devices have presented a unique and simple means of transportation of powder
A rapid and dynamic regulation of GDNF-family ligands and receptors correlate with the developmental dependency of cutaneous sensory innervation (1999)

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurturin (NTN) are members of the transforming growth factor-beta family and have been shown to elicit neurotrophic effects upon several classes of neurons including dopaminergic neurons, motoneurons, parasympathetic, sympathetic as well as primary sensory neurons. However, there is little information available on their roles in cutaneous innervation. Herein, we have studied the regulation of gdnf, ntn and the GDNF family receptors and examined their role in the development of facial cutaneous innervation in GDNF mutant mice. A dynamic spatial and temporal regulation of gdnf, ntn and their ligand binding receptors within the follicle-sinus complex correlate with development of distinct subclasses of sensory nerve endings. Furthermore, development of NGF-dependent myelinated mechanoreceptors, i.e. reticular and transverse lanceolate endings also require GDNF during ending formation and maintenance. In addition, ligand and receptor association seems to be intricately linked to a local Schwann cell-axon interaction essential for sensory terminal formation. Our results suggests that functionally specified nerve endings depend on different GDNF family members and that in contrast to neurotrophins, this family of neurotrophic factors may be acting at local sites of terminal Schwann cell-axon growth cone interactions and that they collaborate with neurotrophins by supporting the same populations of neurons but at different times in development.