gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cell-penetrating albumin conjugates for enhanced doxorubicin delivery (2013)

Albumin-based drug delivery has been demonstrated to be useful for achieving improved cancer therapy, largely due to its passive target toward tumor via the enhanced permeability and retention effect and the increased demand for albumin by tumor cells as source of energy and amino acids. However, albumin lacks not only the active mechanism to overcome the cell membrane barrier, but also the ability to penetrate into tumor tissues. Herein, a cell-penetrating albumin-based delivery strategy was developed, in which a cell-penetrating peptide was chemically conjugated to albumin in order to enhance the efficiency of intracellular delivery and tumor penetration. Doxorubicin (DOX) molecules were loaded into the carrier via cleavable disulfide bonds, which are responsive to the highly reducing environment in the cytosol of tumor cells, thus archiving prodrug-type targeted drug release. The cell-penetrating albumin–DOX conjugates displayed significantly higher antitumor activity than DOX. More interestingly, the conjugates also efficiently killed the drug-resistant tumor cells, in sharp contrast to the ineffective DOX. The studies with human xenograft tumors in nude mice further demonstrated the enhanced antitumor efficacy and reduced side effects of the cell-penetrating albumin-assisted DOX delivery strategy, indicating the promise of this delivery system.
D-Homosteroids. I. 3β-Hydroxy-17a,17a-dimethyl-D-homoandrostane-17-one and Related Compounds<sup>1</sup> (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTD-Homosteroids. I. 3β-Hydroxy-17a,17a-dimethyl-D-homoandrostane-17-one and Related Compounds1Milan Uskoković, Marcel Gut, and Ralph I. DorfmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1959, 81, 17, 4561–4566Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1959Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01526a030https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01526a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Nuclear transplantation in bovine embryo: Fine structural and autoradiographic studies (1991)

Abstract Nucleolar fine structure, “blebbing” activity of nuclear evelope, and activation of heterogeneous nuclear RNA (hnRNA) synthesis were studied in bovine reconstructed embryos obtained by electrofusion of a single eight‐cell blastomere with an enucleated oocyte. Developmental progress of nucleolar fine structure and hnRNA synthesis are arrested during three cell cycles following fusion. The activation of both appears during the eight‐cell stage of the reconstructed embryo, after the same number of cell cycles after fusion as in nonmanipulated bovine embryos after fertilization. “Blebbing” activity of nuclear envelope, which is already absent in original blastomeres, reappears after fusion and continues for the next two cell cycles. From the present results, it can be concluded that the donor nuclei are arrested after fusion in morphology and function. Their reactivation corresponds to the developmental pattern typical for normal bovine embryos.
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay using multimers of the 16th non‐collagenous domain of the BP180 antigen for sensitive and specific detection of pemphigoid autoantibodies (2007)

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) and pemphigoid gestationis (PG) are acquired autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases characterized by autoantibodies against the hemidesmosomal proteins BP180/type XVII collagen and BP230. In the vast majority of BP and PG patients, these autoantibodies bind to epitopes clustered within the 16th non-collagenous domain of BP180. An ELISA system for the detection of these autoantibodies was developed and evaluated using 16th non-collagenous domain (NC16A) tetramers instead of monomers. In contrast to antigens fused to large proteins used in the past for the detection of autoantibodies against type XVII collagen, tetrameric antigen fragments bearing a small hexahistidine tag allow for high expression levels without the need to cleave off the fusion partner. Using tetrameric BP180 NC16A, positive reactions were found in 106 (89.8%) of 118 randomly selected BP sera and in all of 20 (100%) randomly selected PG sera, whereas only 2.2% of a large cohort of control subjects were positive in this assay, including patients with rheumatoid arthritis (two of 107), progressive systemic sclerosis (two of 50), systemic lupus erythematosus (one of 72), and healthy blood donors (10 of 494). Thus, the sensitivity and specificity of the new anti-tetrameric NC16A ELISA were 89.9% and 97.8% respectively. Levels of circulating autoantibodies against BP180 paralleled disease activity in the pemphigoid patients. In conclusion, the use of tetrameric NC16A in ELISA results in a sensitive and specific tool for diagnosis and monitoring of BP and PG.
A comprehensive survey of genomic alterations in gastric cancer reveals systematic patterns of molecular exclusivity and co-occurrence among distinct therapeutic targets (2012)

The study demonstrates the existence of five distinct gastric cancer patient subgroups, defined by the signature genomic alterations FGFR2 (9% of tumours), KRAS (9%), EGFR (8%), ERBB2 (7%) and MET (4%). Collectively, these subgroups suggest that at least 37% of gastric cancer patients may be potentially treatable by RTK/RAS directed therapies.
‘GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE’ ACTIVITY AND THIOL CONTENT OF THYMUS NUCLEI FROM CONTROL AND X-IRRADIATED RATS (1963)

Research Article| November 01 1963 ‘GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE’ ACTIVITY AND THIOL CONTENT OF THYMUS NUCLEI FROM CONTROL AND X-IRRADIATED RATS H DEAKIN; H DEAKIN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar MG ORD; MG ORD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar LA STOCKEN LA STOCKEN Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Author and article information Publisher: Portland Press Ltd © 1963 The Biochemical Society1963 Biochem J (1963) 89 (2): 296–304. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0890296 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H DEAKIN, MG ORD, LA STOCKEN; ‘GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE-DEHYDROGENASE’ ACTIVITY AND THIOL CONTENT OF THYMUS NUCLEI FROM CONTROL AND X-IRRADIATED RATS. Biochem J 1 November 1963; 89 (2): 296–304. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0890296 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1963 The Biochemical Society1963 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The Unregulated Probiotic Market (2018)

Current regulation of probiotics is inadequate to protect consumers and doctors, especially when probiotics are aimed at the dietary management of serious conditions.
Studies on Physicomechanical properties of Fly Ash-filled Hydroxyl-terminated Polyurethane-toughened Epoxy Composites (2010)

Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol A-based epoxy resin were toughened with varying weight fractions of thermoplastic hydroxyl-terminated polyurethane elastomer by solution blending, and their composites were prepared over an extended range of fly ash composition. Various physicomechanical properties such as tensile and flexural behavior, density, and void content have been determined. Studies revealed that toughened resin composites enhance the properties compared to neat matrix.
Synthesis and properties of osmium(II) and osmium(III) ammine complexes of aromatic nitrogen heterocyclics (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of osmium(II) and osmium(III) ammine complexes of aromatic nitrogen heterocyclicsRoy H. Magnuson and Henry TaubeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 18, 5129–5136Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00851a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00851a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views278Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
IL-15 is an essential mediator of peripheral NK-cell homeostasis (2003)

Several distinct classes of surface receptors can, on ligand binding, transmit signals that modulate the survival, proliferation, and apoptosis of peripheral B, T, and natural killer (NK) cells. At the population level, dynamic changes in lymphocyte cell numbers are strictly regulated to maintain a steady state, a process referred to as homeostasis. Although several studies have investigated the signals that regulate B- and T-cell homeostasis, little is known about the mechanisms that control the survival and proliferation of peripheral NK cells. Using an adoptive transfer system, we have investigated the role of gammac-dependent cytokines, in particular interleukin 7 (IL-7) and IL-15, and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules in peripheral NK-cell homeostasis. We observed that IL-15 plays a dominant role in the survival of peripheral NK cells, via maintenance of the antiapoptotic factor Bcl-2. IL-15 availability, however, also plays an important role because endogenous NK cells in the recipient mice influence the behavior of adoptively transferred NK cells. Finally, although NK cells bear functional inhibitory Ly49 receptors for MHC class I molecules, the presence or absence of specific ligands on host cells did not influence the survival or homeostatic expansion of donor NK cells.
High-power AlGaN/GaN MIS-HFETs with field-plates on Si substrates (2009)

In this paper, GaN-based MIS-HFET devices on 4-inch Si substrates were fabricated, and the device characteristics were examined. As a result, the breakdown voltage was improved to be over 2.45 kV using high-resistive carbon doped buffer layers with a larger thickness of over 7.3 mum. The maximum drain current was estimated to be over 115 A using MIS-structures. A trade-off between the specific on-resistance (RonA) and the breakdown voltage (Vb) was improved using carbon doped buffer layers, resulting in obtaining RonA = 5.9 mOmegacm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and Vb = 1730 V simultaneously with the gate-width of a 340 mm. Furthermore, the field-plate structure was introduced into MIS-HFET structures. We have examined the suppression of a current collapse phenomenon owing to the combination of the gate field-plate structure and a conductive Si substrate with MIS-HFET devices.
Universality in three-frequency resonances (1999)

We investigate the hierarchical structure of three-frequency resonances in nonlinear dynamical systems with three interacting frequencies. We hypothesize an ordering of these resonances based on a generalization of the Farey tree organization from two frequencies to three. In experiments and numerical simulations we demonstrate that our hypothesis describes the hierarchies of three-frequency resonances in representative dynamical systems. We conjecture that this organization may be universal across a large class of three-frequency systems.
Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Laser: Its Conception and Evolution (2008)

The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is becoming a key device in high-speed optical local-area networks (LANs) and even wide-area networks (WANs). This device is also enabling ultraparallel data transfer in equipment and computer systems. In this paper, we will review its physics and the progress of technology covering the spectral band from the infrared to the ultraviolet, by featuring materials, fabrication technology, and performances such as threshold, output power, polarization, modulation and reliability. Lastly, we will touch on its future prospects.
A mimic of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein impairs reverse transcription and displays antiviral activity (1999)

Combined inhibition of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and protease has significantly improved the treatment of AIDS. Nevertheless, resistance to these drugs occurs rapidly because of viral mutations, emphasizing the importance of identifying novel retroviral targets to develop new drug combinations. The critical role played by the nucleocapsid protein NCp7 of HIV-1 at different steps of the retrovirus life cycle makes it an attractive target for the development of new antiviral agents. NCp7 contains two highly conserved zinc fingers and is characterized by a three-dimensional structure that cannot be modified without a complete loss of infectivity of mutated viruses. Based on these structural data, we report that RB 2121, a cyclic peptide designed to mimic several essential biological determinants of NCp7, displays antiviral activity by inhibiting HIV-1 replication in CEM-4 cells infected by HIV-1. In vitro, RB 2121 does not interfere with HIV-1 cell entry and viral enzymes but is able to inhibit the annealing activities of NCp7 by recognizing nucleic acids. Analysis of proviral DNA synthesis by means of PCR has shown that RB 2121 acts at an early step of the retrovirus life cycle by inducing a dose-dependent reduction in transcribed DNA levels through inhibition of NCp7-reverse transcriptase interaction. Because of its original mechanism of action, RB 2121 provides an interesting lead for the rational development of new anti-HIV-1 agents that could be associated advantageously with enzyme inhibitors to counteract rapid virus mutations and resistance problems observed in tritherapies.
Analyzing children’s lying behaviors with fuzzy logics (2012)

Lying behaviors; Fuzzy clustering
Software Architecture Reconstruction: A Process-Oriented Taxonomy (2009)

To maintain and understand large applications, it is important to know their architecture. The first problem is that unlike classes and packages, architecture is not explicitly represented in the code. The second problem is that successful applications evolve over time, so their architecture inevitably drifts. Reconstructing the architecture and checking whether it is still valid is therefore an important aid. While there is a plethora of approaches and techniques supporting architecture reconstruction, there is no comprehensive software architecture reconstruction state of the art and it is often difficult to compare the approaches. This paper presents a state of the art in software architecture reconstruction approaches.
Design and validation of specific inhibitors of 17 -hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases for therapeutic application in breast and prostate cancer, and in endometriosis (2008)

17beta-Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (17beta-HSDs) are enzymes that are responsible for reduction or oxidation of hormones, fatty acids and bile acids in vivo, regulating the amount of the active form that is available to bind to its cognate receptor. All require NAD(P)(H) for activity. Fifteen 17beta-HSDs have been identified to date, and with one exception, 17beta-HSD type 5 (17beta-HSD5), an aldo-keto reductase, they are all short-chain dehydrogenases/reductases, although overall homology between the enzymes is low. Although named as 17beta-HSDs, reflecting the major redox activity at the 17beta-position of the steroid, the activities of these 15 enzymes vary, with several of the 17beta-HSDs able to reduce and/or oxidise multiple substrates at various positions. These activities are involved in the progression of a number of diseases, including those related to steroid metabolism. Despite the success of inhibitors of steroidogenic enzymes in the clinic, such as those of aromatase and steroid sulphatase, the development of inhibitors of 17beta-HSDs is at a relatively early stage, as at present none have yet reached clinical trials. However, many groups are now working on inhibitors specific for several of these enzymes for the treatment of steroid-dependent diseases, including breast and prostate cancer, and endometriosis, with demonstrable efficacy in in vivo disease models. In this review, the recent advances in the validation of these enzymes as targets for the treatment of these diseases, with emphasis on 17beta-HSD1, 3 and 5, the development of specific inhibitors, the models used for their evaluation, and their progress towards the clinic will be discussed.
Induction of limited DNA damage by the antitumor agent Cain's acridine. (1978)

Abstract The antitumor drug methanesulfonyl-m-anisidine, 4′-(9-acridinylamino) monohydrochloride (AMSA) (Cain9s acridine, NSC 141549), causes a limited, partially reversible decrease in size of the DNA of mouse L1210 leukemia cells as analyzed by centrifugation of cell lysates on alkaline sucrose gradients. Exposure of cells for 30 min to AMSA, 2.5 µg/ml, in tissue culture or to 150 µg/mouse in vivo results in a shift of long-term prelabeled DNA from >170S fractions to a broad band of about 30S. Higher doses or longer exposure times do not produce DNA much smaller than 30S. Labeled AMSA cosediments with heavy DNA in neutral sucrose gradients in which no degradation is observed, but AMSA is dissociated from both heavy and 30S DNA in alkaline sucrose gradients and appears only at the top of the gradient. On neutral gradients degradation to 30S DNA after AMSA exposure is detected only when cells are previously lysed in an alkaline medium but not when they are lysed in a neutral 70% formamide solution or when the neutral lysate is heated to 83° before centrifugation. Treatment of L1210 cells with other DNA intercalating agents (ethidium bromide, acridine orange, and phosphine orange) caused a similar degradation of the DNA on alkaline sucrose gradients. The results are interpreted to indicate that AMSA causes alkali-sensitive lesions of DNA at a limited number of sites; this effect correlates with the antitumor action of the drug and with other work showing long-term damage to chromosome structure.
Altered Expression of Circadian Clock Genes in Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (2011)

Circadian clock genes use transcriptional-translational feedback loops to control circadian rhythms. Recent studies have demonstrated that expression of some circadian clock genes displays daily oscillation in peripheral tissues including peripheral blood and bone marrow. Circadian rhythms regulate various functions of human body, and the disruption of circadian rhythm has been associated with cancer development and tumor progression. However, the direct links between aberrant circadian clock gene expression and human disorders remain largely unknown. In this study, comparisons were made between the expression profiles of 9 circadian clock genes from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and polymorphonuclear cells (PMNs) from 18 healthy volunteers. Peripheral blood (PB) total leukocytes from 54 healthy volunteers and 95 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) were also investigated. Similar expression profiles of all 9 circadian clock genes were observed in PBMCs and PMNs of healthy individuals. In PB total leukocytes of healthy individuals, the daily pattern of PER1, PER2, PER3, CRY1, CRY2, and CKIε expression level peaked at 0800 h, and BMAL1 peaked at 2000 h. Daily pattern expression of these 7 genes was disrupted in newly diagnosed pre-imatinib mesylate-treated and blast crisis-phase patients with CML. Partial daily pattern gene expression recoveries were observed in patients with CML with complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response. The expression of CLOCK and TIM did not show a time-dependent variation among the healthy and patients with CML. These results indicate a possible association of the disrupted daily patterns of circadian clock gene expression with the pathogenesis of CML.
Arsenal of plant cell wall degrading enzymes reflects host preference among plant pathogenic fungi (2011)

Several highly active isolates of plant pathogenic fungi were identified, particularly when tested on xylans and untreated biomass. There were statistically significant preferences for biomass type reflecting the monocot or dicot host preference of the pathogen tested. These highly active fungi are promising targets for identification and characterization of novel cell wall degrading enzymes for industrial applications.
Depressive Affect, Anxiety, and Psychic Conflict in the Phallic-Oedipal Phase (1979)

The author's recent contributions to affect theory and its relation to psychic conflict are applied to the understanding of the nature, genesis, and consequences of psychic conflict in the phallic-oedipal phase. These contributions lead to a better understanding of 1) the importance of depressive affect in phallic-oedipal conflicts, 2) similarities and differences between such conflicts in boys and girls, 3) depression as a symptom in adult life, and 4) some aspects of narcissism.
Vitamin E and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (2012)

The prevalence of NAFLD is likely to increase over time due to the epidemics of obesity and diabetes. Presently, there is no definitive treatment for NAFLD. Based on available evidence, vitamin E (RRR-α-tocopherol) is only recommended in NASH adults without diabetes or cirrhosis and with aggressive histology. Validation is needed in children before its use can be recommended. Longer follow-up of randomized controlled trials are needed to assess long-term vitamin E safety.
Correction of the bleeding time in von Willebrand factor (VWF)–deficient mice using murine VWF (2007)

Recently, Pergolizzi et al[1][1] reported in Blood about correction of the bleeding tendency in von Willebrand factor (VWF)–deficient mice via hydrodynamic delivery of murine VWF (mVWF) cDNA. The complete correction of the bleeding time was surprising since the multimer pattern was abnormal in