gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Production of poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate by <i>Cupriavidus necator</i> from corn syrup: statistical modeling and optimization of biomass yield and volumetric productivity (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: The paper reports an investigation into the possibility of producing poly‐3‐hydroxybutyrate (P(3HB)) polyester using corn syrup, a relatively low cost by‐product from the starch industries. The concentrations of medium components, corn syrup, di potassium hydrogen phosphate (K 2 HPO 4 ), sodium di hydrogen phosphate (NaH 2 PO 4 ) and ammonium sulfate [(NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 ] were optimized using design of experiments (DOE). RESULTS: Response surface methodology (RSM) under central composite face design (CCFD) was used to obtain the optimum values of medium components and responses in terms of biomass yield and volumetric P(3HB) productivity. The highest P(3HB) productivity and biomass yield obtained were 0.224 g L −1 h −1 and 0.57 g g −1 , respectively. A limited‐nitrogen concentration had a higher volumetric P(3HB) productivity (0.170 g L −1 h −1 ) than that of the excess nitrogen batch experiment (0.0675 g L −1 h −1 ). The optimum corn syrup:N:P ratio of 50:0.078:1 was based on numerical optimization of the desirability function between biomass yield and volumetric P(3HB) productivity by Cupriavidus necator DSMZ 545. CONCLUSION: The results obtained in this study demonstrated that P(3HB) could be efficiently produced to a high concentration with high productivity by applying nitrogen limitation in a defined medium, indicating this agricultural by‐product to be a suitable nutrient source in further studies to develop biomaterials through biotechnology. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
Identifying Structural Features of Java Programs by Analysing the Interaction of Classes at Runtime (2005)

This paper describes research on visualising Java software at runtime in order to enable the identification of structural features. The aim is to highlight both the static and dynamic structure of the software and aid software engineers in tasks requiring program comprehension of the code. The paper takes the position that this type of analysis and visualisation for object oriented languages must be carried out with dynamic runtime information and that it cannot, in general, be obtained by static analysis alone. A case study is worked through to demonstrate the approach
Weakly coupled GMR sandwiches (1994)

Thin film structures comprised of two magnetic films sandwiching a nonmagnetic conductor can have magnetoresistance several times larger than conventional anisotropic magnetoresistance materials. If the coupling between magnetizations in the two films is sufficiently small (either parallel or antiparallel), the saturation magnetic field can be sufficiently small for improved read heads. Magnetoresistances, coupling fields, sheet resistivities, current density effects, thermal limits, and magnetostrictions of these structures are described. No fundamental restrictions are found for using these sandwiches in magnetic head applications.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
MOLDI™: A Fluid Permeation Model to Calculate the Annulus Composition in Flexible Pipes — Validation With Medium Scale Tests, Full Scale Tests and Field Cases (2003)

In flexible pipes, the steel wires in the annular space can sometimes be in contact with a corrosive environment containing condensed water or seawater and acid gases (CO2 and H2S), coming from the bore by permeation through internal polymer sheaths. In order to choose the most suitable steel wires to avoid hydrogen embrittlement and to evaluate their resistance to corrosion and corrosion fatigue, it is necessary to know the annulus composition. A finite element model named MOLDI™ has been developed in order to precisely calculate this environment. This model is composed of two major modules: The first one describes the time dependent permeation of fluids through the pipe layers. Concentration and pressure versus time are calculated assuming Fick and Henry’s laws. The shielding effect of steel wires on the plastic sheaths and the temperature gradient through the structure are taken into account. The second module uses a thermodynamic flash algorithm to calculate the phase equilibrium in the annulus, including water condensation. In order to validate this model, a permeation testing program has been initiated in 1997. It is based on medium and full scale permeation tests and field cases. For each test, the pressure build-up and the composition inside the annulus are measured and compared with the ones calculated with MOLDI™. Medium scale prototypes consist in a polymer tube surrounded by a steel part simulating the annulus geometry of a flexible pipe (shielding, free volume). One of the prototypes has been specially designed in order to be able to maintain a chosen temperature gradient between the bore and the external side. The full scale permeation tests are conducted on a piece of manufactured flexible pipe. At the beginning of the test, the bore is filled up with a pure gas or with a fluid mixture (gas–water–crude oil) under pressure and temperature. The permeation rate from the bore to the annulus is determined by recording the pressure build-up in the annulus versus time. The gas composition in the annulus is measured using a Gaseous Chromatography device. Field cases have also been used to validate MOLDI™. To do that, the annulus of flexible risers has been monitored on site and the measurements compared with MOLDI™ simulations. The validations conducted at the time being, using different polymer sheath materials and fluid mixtures, have shown that our permeation model predictions are in good agreement with experimental results. Consequently, MOLDI™ is considered as validated and is now used to calculate the annulus composition from the field conditions.
Secure handoff method for seamless service provisioning in infrastructure mode 802.11i system (2013)

The security mechanism specified in IEEE 802.11i is too slow to provide seamless service for a handoff session. In this paper, we propose a fast and secure handoff method at medium access control (MAC) layer by reducing authentication delay and avoiding 4-way handshake delay in the handoff process. When a mobile node (MN) handoffs to a new access point (AP), the new AP authenticates the MN instead of an authentication sever by using the security contexts transferred from the previous AP. The session key in the security context is reused only for the termination of the handoff session. Session key is refreshed when handoff session is terminated. Unlike preauthentication, the proposed method is independent of the handoff rate of the other MNs. With the proposed scheme, handoff delay could be reduced considerably while the same security level as 802.11i is maintained.
Protective effect of flavonoids against reactive oxygen species production in sickle cell anemia patients treated with hydroxyurea (2013)

Flavonoids, in particular quercetin and rutin, showed better antioxidant effects against damage caused by excess reactive oxygen species characteristic of sickle cell anemia. Results obtained with patients under treatment with hydroxyurea suggest an additional protective effect when associated with the use of flavonoids.
Acoustic emission technology 1979 (1979)

The current status of acoustic emission (AE) testing is reviewed with examples of its use for detecting failures in steels and aluminium. AE has the advantage over other nondestructive testing methods in that it locates failure sources with certainty, has cost benefits over other methods for detecting incipient failures in operating machinery, and is a simple and straightforward method for detecting postweld cracking. New methods have been perfected so that successful monitoring of complex structures is possibe and fatigue cracking can be detected prior to catastrophic failure. (LCL).
Vascular endothelial cells maintained in the absence of fibroblast growth factor undergo structural and functional alterations that are incompatible with their in vivo differentiated properties. (1979)

Vascular endothelial cells cultured in the presence of fibroblast growth factor (FGF) adopt at confluence a morphological appearance similar to that of the vascular endothelium in vivo. Similarly, their apical cell surface is, as in vivo, nonthrombogenic. In contrast, when the cultures are maintained in the absence of FGF, the cells undergo within two to three passages structural and functional alterations that are incompatible with their in vivo morphological appearance and physiological function. Cultures maintained in the absence of FGF no longer adopt, upon reaching confluence, the configuration of a monolayer composed of small closely apposed and nonoverlapping, cuboidal cells. Instead, confluent cultures deprived of FGF consist of large, overlapping cells which have lost the polarity of cell surface characteristic of the vascular endothelium. The apical cell surface becomes thrombogenic, as reflected by its ability to bind platelets, whereas fibronectin, which at confluence is normally associated only with the basal cell surface, can be found both on top of and underneath the cell layer. Among other changes, both sparse and confluent cultures maintained in the absence of FGF showed a greatly increased production of fibronectin. CSP-60, a cell surface protein whose appearance is correlative with the adoption of a cell monolayer configuration, can no longer be detected in cultures maintained in the absence of FGF. Overlapping endothelial cells maintained in the absence of FGF can also no longer function as a protective barrier against the uptake of ligands such as low density lipoprotein. Exposure of the culture to FGF induces a restoration of the normal endothelial characteristics concomitant with the adoption of a flattened cell monolayer morphology. These results demonstrate that, in addition to being a mitogen. FGF is involved in controlling the differentiation and phenotypic expression of the vascular endothelium. This is reflected by its effect on the morphological appearance, polarity of cell surfaces, platelet binding capacity, and barrier function of the vascular endothelium.
Sulfuric Acid and Ammonia Generation by Bipolar Membranes Electrodialysis: Transport Rate Model for Ion and Water through Anion Exchange Membrane (2008)

Regeneration of sulfuric acid and ammonia from ammonium sulfate by bipolar membrane electrodialysis (BMED) coupling with stripping ammonia by air-blowing was studied. The result showed that it was feasible to regenerate sulfuric acid and ammonia from ammonium sulfate solution using this method. Empirical models to describe the ion and water transport behaviors through anion exchange membrane for BMED system were successfully developed. The models were valid to evaluate water transport rate and ion transport behavior for anion exchange membrane under similar operation conditions. Comparison of calculated values with experimental data indicated that the models were reliable to describe the water and ion transport behavior through anion exchange membrane for BMED system and could also be used to predict the water transport and ion transport behaviors for other current density under similar operation conditions.
Dimensional analysis with C++ (1988)

Incorporating dimensional-analysis facilities in a language lets an environment detect an additional class of errors, but at the expense of requiring a change to the language you used. However, if the language you used has suitable data-abstraction facilities, most of the benefits of dimensional analysis can be had without changing the language. To demonstrate how to get these benefits, the authors use the data-abstraction facilities of C++ to implement dimensional analysis. C++ is an upwardly compatible extension of C that provides data-abstraction facilities called classes. The authors define a set of classes that allows the writing of programs with automatic checking of units (i.e. dimensional analysis) and automatic conversion between consistent (compatible or equivalent) units. They discuss the pros and cons of this approach and compare the advantage C++ has over Ada for implementing dimensional analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
FSD-C10: A more promising novel ROCK inhibitor than Fasudil for treatment of CNS autoimmunity (2015)

Rho-Rho kinase (Rho-ROCK) triggers an intracellular signalling cascade that regulates cell survival, death, adhesion, migration, neurite outgrowth and retraction and influences the generation and development of several neurological disorders. Although Fasudil, a ROCK inhibitor, effectively suppressed encephalomyelitis (EAE), certain side effects may limit its clinical use. A novel and efficient ROCK inhibitor, FSD-C10, has been explored. In the present study, we present chemical synthesis and structure of FSD-C10, as well as the relationship between compound concentration and ROCK inhibition. We compared the inhibitory efficiency of ROCKI and ROCK II, the cell cytotoxicity, neurite outgrowth and dendritic formation, neurotrophic factors and vasodilation between Fasudil and FSD-C10. The results demonstrated that FSD-C10, like Fasudil, induced neurite outgrowth of neurons and dendritic formation of BV-2 microglia and enhanced the production of neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and neurotrophin-3 (NT-3). However, the cell cytotoxicity and vasodilation of FSD-C10 were relatively small compared with Fasudil. Although Fasudil inhibited both ROCK I and ROCK II, FSD-C10 more selectively suppressed ROCK II, but not ROCK I, which may be related to vasodilation insensitivity and animal mortality. Thus, FSD-C10 may be a safer and more promising novel ROCK inhibitor than Fasudil for the treatment of several neurological disorders.
Robust optimization framework for process parameter and tolerance design (1998)

Abstract This article introduces a framework for including different uncertainties at the chemical plant design stage. Through an integrated robust optimization approach and problem formulation, equipment, operating, control, and quality costs are simultaneously taken into account, leading to system, parameter, and tolerance design. Rather than using single pointwise solutions in the decision space, operating windows leading to overall best performance are identified and defined. Such windows and their width allow us to point out control needs and goals at a very early stage of plant design. Two small‐scale case studies (for a CSTR and a batch distillation column) provide enough evidence to support the practicality of the optimization framework: the robust solutions found are different and much better than the corresponding solutions obtained with the fully deterministic optimization paradigms.
Reactions of perfluorocycloalkenones with nucleophiles (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of perfluorocycloalkenones with nucleophilesPeter J. Card and Bruce E. SmartCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 22, 4429–4432Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01310a032https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01310a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
HPLC isolation of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon germacrene B from lime peel oil and its characterization as an important flavor impact constituent (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHPLC isolation of the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon germacrene B from lime peel oil and its characterization as an important flavor impact constituentBenjamin C. Clark Jr., Theresa S. Chamblee, and Guillermo A. IacobucciCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1987, 35, 4, 514–518Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00076a019https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00076a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views379Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Exact Image Theory for the Sommerfeld Half-Space Problem with a Vertical Magnetic Dipole (2006)

The classical Sommerfeld problem of a vertical magnetic dipole above a planar interface of two dielectric and possibly lossy media is considered in terms of image principles. It is shown that an exact continuous image can be constructed in closed form, which totally lies in complex space. Unlike all previous image theories, being exact, the present theory can be applied for any distance, height of the source and parameters of the half space. It is demonstrated that the well-known dipole image at complex depth and reflection coefficient method both are special cases of the present method. The significance of the exact image theory lies in better convergence of field integrals over the classical Sommerfeld integrals.
Broadband quality of service experience measuring mobile networks from consumer perceived (2017)

This paper provides an overview of the quality of service experience from the viewpoint of the customer's perceived of mobile broadband services. However, it must be admitted that the quality of service and quality of experience have different parameters. Using a quantitative descriptive analysis of active testing a number of data packets were sent to the communication line to measure the six Quality of Service parameters using the LIRNEasia Benchmarking approach, the results explained that the average achievement was at about 20-50% of 1 Mbps from the Indonesia Broadband Plan, while the latency, jitter, packet loss, and network availability parameters provided by ISPs are generally within the un-conform range of the benchmarks. We conclude that empirical data are found in which customers want improved service quality compared to the current perceived quality.
Erratum: A better measure of relative prediction accuracy for model selection and model estimation (2014)

"Erratum: A better measure of relative prediction accuracy for model selection and model estimation." Journal of the Operational Research Society, 66(3), p. 524
System aspects and design of an automotive collision warning PN code radar using wavefront reconstruction (2003)

A collision avoidance system for automobiles to be used in freeways and similarly structured traffic environments is under study. The authors report on concepts, the state of realization and on first experimental results. A two-dimensional imaging problem has to be solved because the mere detection of objects in front of a vehicle is not sufficient; potential paths of collision can only be recognized by assigning objects to their surroundings. While digital wavefront reconstruction was used for angular discrimination, a high-resolution pseudonoise code radar applying a binary phase modulation to a continuous carrier has been implemented for longitudinal resolution. The laboratory evaluation has confirmed the specifications regarding essential system parameters such as radial resolution and sensitivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Foamy Virus Assembly with Emphasis on Pol Encapsidation (2013)

Foamy viruses (FVs) differ from all other genera of retroviruses (orthoretroviruses) in many aspects of viral replication. In this review, we discuss FV assembly, with special emphasis on Pol incorporation. FV assembly takes place intracellularly, near the pericentriolar region, at a site similar to that used by betaretroviruses. The regions of Gag, Pol and genomic RNA required for viral assembly are described. In contrast to orthoretroviral Pol, which is synthesized as a Gag-Pol fusion protein and packaged through Gag-Gag interactions, FV Pol is synthesized from a spliced mRNA lacking all Gag sequences. Thus, encapsidation of FV Pol requires a different mechanism. We detail how WT Pol lacking Gag sequences is incorporated into virus particles. In addition, a mutant in which Pol is expressed as an orthoretroviral-like Gag-Pol fusion protein is discussed. We also discuss temporal regulation of the protease, reverse transcriptase and integrase activities of WT FV Pol.
βAPP gene transfer into cultured human muscle induces inclusion-body myositis aspects (1997)

Direct transfer of the beta-amyloid precursor protein (beta APP) gene into cultured normal human muscle, using recombinant adenovirus vector, was sufficient to induce several of the typical light microscopic, electron microscopic (EM), and EM-immunochemical aspects of the inclusion-body myositis (IBM) phenotype, including congophilia, clusters of amyloid-beta-positive 6-10 nm filaments, and 15-21 nm tubulofilamentous inclusions in the nuclei. Our results suggest that excessive production of intracellular beta APP may play an important role in the pathogenic cascade leading to the IBM phenotype.
Critical layer thickness for self-assembled InAs islands on GaAs (1994)

Using atomic force microscopy (AFM), we have directly observed the progression of surface morphology of InAs deposited by molecular-beam epitaxy on GaAs(100). InAs self-assembled dots (coherent) or relaxed InAs islands (incoherent) are formed depending on the InAs coverage. The InAs coverage was varied continuously and AFM was used to monitor in detail the nucleation and resulting size and shape transition of the InAs self-assembled dots. Dots of uniform size were observed only at the initial stages of this Stranski-Krastanow growth-mode transition. The self-assembled dot density increased very abruptly with total deposited amount of InAs. Treating this InAs growth-mode transition as a first-order phase transition with InAs total coverage as the critical parameter, we extract a critical thickness for surface elastic relaxation of 1.50 ML.