gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NF-κB Activity Is Induced by Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule Binding to Neurons and Astrocytes (1999)

The neural cell adhesion molecule, N-CAM, is expressed on the surface of astrocytes and neurons, and N-CAM homophilic binding has been shown to alter gene expression in both of these cell types. To determine mechanisms by which N-CAM regulates gene expression, we have analyzed DNA binding of and transcriptional activation by NF-kappaB after N-CAM binding to the cell surface. Addition of purified N-CAM, the recombinant third immunoglobulin domain of N-CAM, or N-CAM antibodies either to neonatal rat forebrain astrocytes or to cerebellar granule neurons increased NF-kappaB/DNA binding activity in nuclear extracts as measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Analysis using supershifting antibodies indicated that, in both cell types, p50 and p65 but not p52, c-Rel, or Rel B were contained in the NF-kappaB-binding complex. NF-kappaB-mediated transcription was increased after N-CAM binding to astrocytes and neurons as demonstrated by the activation of two different luciferase reporter constructs containing NF-kappaB-binding sites. N-CAM binding also resulted in degradation of IkappaB-alpha protein followed by an increase in the levels of IkappaB-alpha mRNA and protein. These results indicate that N-CAM homophilic binding at the cell membrane leads to increased NF-kappaB binding to DNA and transcriptional activation in both neurons and astrocytes. Activation of NF-kappaB, however, did not influence the previously reported ability of N-CAM to inhibit astrocyte proliferation. These observations together support the hypothesis that N-CAM binding activates multiple pathways leading to changes in gene expression in both astrocytes and neurons.
Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing in wireless communication systems with multimode fibre feeds (2002)

The feasibility of using multimode fibre as an inexpensive cell feed in broadband indoor picocellular systems is investigated. The performance of coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing for a variety of multimode fibre profiles, including stepped index and /spl alpha/-profile graded index fibres is assessed. In addition to its ability to perform well in a frequency selective multipath environment, OFDM is shown to offer good protection against the frequency selectivity of a dispersive multimode fibre. Data-rates in excess of 100 Mb/s (without equalisation) over a multimode fibre channel are possible, whereas they may be limited to some 20-30 Mb/s using conventional ASK modulation.
Synthesis of α-Substituted β-Amidophosphines by Diastereoselective Alkylation. A New Access to Chiral Ligands for Asymmetric Catalysis (2001)

Chiral beta-amidophosphine boranes 7a-f can be diastereoselectively alkylated, using O-protected amino-alcohols as chiral inducers, to furnish alpha-substituted beta-amidophosphine boranes 8a-f and 9-12 with up to 72% diastereoisomeric excess. Selective deprotection afforded optically pure carboxylic derivative 13 which is a key intermediate for the synthesis of various potential chiral ligands for asymmetric catalysis.
Diet effects on urine composition of cattle and N2O emissions (2013)

Ruminant production contributes to emissions of nitrogen (N) to the environment, principally ammonia (NH3), nitrous oxide (N2O) and di-nitrogen (N2) to air, nitrate (NO3 -) to groundwater and particulate N to surface waters. Variation in dietary N intake will particularly affect excretion of urinary N, which is much more vulnerable to losses than is faecal N. Our objective is to review dietary effects on the level and form of N excreted in cattle urine, as well as its consequences for emissions of N2O. The quantity of N excreted in urine varies widely. Urinary N excretion, in particular that of urea N, is decreased upon reduction of dietary N intake or an increase in the supply of energy to the rumen microorganisms and to the host animal itself. Most of the N in urine (from 50% to well over 90%) is present in the form of urea. Other nitrogenous components include purine derivatives (PD), hippuric acid, creatine and creatinine. Excretion of PD is related to rumen microbial protein synthesis, and that of hippuric acid to dietary concentration of degradable phenolic acids. The N concentration of cattle urine ranges from 3 to 20 g/l. High-dietary mineral levels increase urine volume and lead to reduced urinary N concentration as well as reduced urea concentration in plasma and milk. In lactating dairy cattle, variation in urine volume affects the relationship between milk urea and urinary N excretion, which hampers the use of milk urea as an accurate indicator of urinary N excretion. Following its deposition in pastures or in animal houses, ubiquitous microorganisms in soil and waters transform urinary N components into ammonium (NH4 +), and thereafter into NO3 - and ultimately in N2 accompanied with the release of N2O. Urinary hippuric acid, creatine and creatinine decompose more slowly than urea. Hippuric acid may act as a natural inhibitor of N2O emissions, but inhibition conditions have not been defined properly yet. Environmental and soil conditions at the site of urine deposition or manure application strongly influence N2O release. Major dietary strategies to mitigating N2O emission from cattle operations include reducing dietary N content or increasing energy content, and increasing dietary mineral content to increase urine volume. For further reduction of N2O emission, an integrated animal nutrition and excreta management approach is required.
Sporogenic Effect of Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Development of <i>Aspergillus</i> spp (1999)

Aspergillus spp. are frequently occurring seed-colonizing fungi that complete their disease cycles through the development of asexual spores, which function as inocula, and through the formation of cleistothecia and sclerotia. We found that development of all three of these structures in Aspergillus nidulans, Aspergillus flavus, and Aspergillus parasiticus is affected by linoleic acid and light. The specific morphological effects of linoleic acid include induction of precocious and increased asexual spore development in A. flavus and A. parasiticus strains and altered sclerotium production in some A. flavus strains in which sclerotium production decreases in the light but increases in the dark. In A. nidulans, both asexual spore production and sexual spore production were altered by linoleic acid. Spore development was induced in all three species by hydroperoxylinoleic acids, which are linoleic acid derivatives that are produced during fungal colonization of seeds. The sporogenic effects of these linoleic compounds on A. nidulans are similar to the sporogenic effects of A. nidulans psi factor, an endogenous mixture of hydroxylinoleic acid moieties. Light treatments also significantly increased asexual spore production in all three species. The sporogenic effects of light, linoleic acid, and linoleic acid derivatives on A. nidulans required an intact veA gene. The sporogenic effects of light and linoleic acid on Aspergillus spp., as well as members of other fungal genera, suggest that these factors may be significant environmental signals for fungal development.
Ex Vivo Generation of Human Alloantigen-Specific Regulatory T Cells from CD4posCD25high T Cells for Immunotherapy (2008)

The ex vivo expansion protocol that we describe will very likely increase the success of clinical Treg-based immunotherapy, and will help to induce tolerance to selected antigens, while minimizing general immune suppression. This approach is of particular interest for recipients of HLA mismatched transplants.
Pegylated arginase I: a potential therapeutic approach in T-ALL (2010)

Adult patients with acute lymphoblastic T cell leukemia (T-ALL) have a very poor prognosis and few effective therapeutic options. Therefore, novel therapies that increase the efficacy of the treatments and that prolong T-ALL patient survival are needed. Malignant T cells require high concentrations of nutrients to sustain their increased rate of proliferation. In this study, we determined whether L-Arginine depletion by the pegylated form of the L-Arginine-metabolizing enzyme arginase I (peg-Arg I) impairs the proliferation of malignant T cells. Our results show that peg-Arg I depleted L-Arginine levels in vitro and in vivo. In addition, treatment of malignant T-cell lines with peg-Arg I significantly impaired their proliferation, which correlated with a decreased progression into the cell cycle, followed by the induction of apoptosis. Furthermore, peg-Arg I impaired the expression of cyclin D3, a fundamental protein in T-ALL proliferation, through a global arrest in protein synthesis. Injection of peg-Arg I plus chemotherapy agent Cytarabine prolonged survival in mice bearing T-ALL tumors. This antitumoral effect correlated with an inhibition of T-ALL proliferation in vivo, a decreased expression of cyclin D3, and T-ALL apoptosis. The results suggest the potential benefit of L-Arginine depletion by peg-Arg I in the treatment of T-cell malignancies.
Ticketing Chatbot Service using Serverless NLP Technology (2018)

Personal assistant using a human operator need some time to process single request such as ticket booking, ordering something, and get services. One request can contain many queries for some information provided on the internet. Business performance values time efficiency so must be considered an alternative way to take request. Chatbot can give 24 hours service which can become an advantage besides using a human personal assistant. Chatbot acts like routing agent that can classify user context in conversation. Chatbot helped with natural language processing (NLP) to analyze the request and extract some keyword information. One important process in NLP is morphological analysis and part of speech (POS) tagging. POS help to parse the meaning of chat text based on a set of rules. The rule base is specific to some language and designed to capture all the keyword relies on chat text. Keyword in booking conversation term is like departure and destination city and also the date of flight. There is a variation from a user determining city and date. NLP in booking confirmation has a task to analyze various pattern describing ordering requests like city and date. Messenger bot would be an example of assistance that can help user connected to many services some like ticketing service through conversation interaction. The contribution of this research is to conduct some scenario that happening in ordering tickets. This research conduct that chatbot can help acts as customer service, based on the conducted scenario and show an F-measure score of 89.65%.
Self-Assembled Monolayers on Oxidized Metals. 4. Superior <i>n</i>-Alkanethiol Monolayers on Copper (1998)

Self-assembly (SA) of long-chain alkanethiols on copper was studied. Two factors were found to have substantial influence on the SA process: (i) the chemical reactivity of Cu toward substances present in the adsorption solution, particularly the solvent, and (ii) surface pretreatment, which influences the amount of oxide and the surface morphology. Both factors are less important in the case of SA onto gold because of its chemical inertness. Monolayers of octadecanethiol (C18SH) were adsorbed from different solvents (ethanol, toluene, and bicyclohexyl) at various thiol concentrations onto Cu surfaces pretreated in several different ways. The monolayers were characterized by contact-angle measurements, grazing-incidence Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning force microscopy. Ethanol, the most common solvent for alkanethiol SA, is found to have a negative effect on monolayer SA apparently because of its chemical reactivity toward copper. With toluene as a solvent, better oriented and more crystalline monolayers are obtained provided that a higher thiol concentration is used to compensate for the higher solubility of thiols in toluene. Treatment of the Cu surface prior to SA is shown to significantly improve the SA by reducing the amount of surface oxide and the surface corrugation. The effect of the solvent is more critical than surface oxidation; hence, high-quality monolayers are formed in the presence of thin oxide layers on Cu surfaces. Superior C18SH monolayers, in terms of organization and crystallinity, are obtained by SA from toluene onto Cu surfaces sputtered-annealed in high vacuum, even when the Cu surface is subjected to short exposure to air before SA.
Derivation of boost-buck converter based high-efficiency robust PV inverter (2010)

A single-phase grid connected transformerless PV inverter for residential application is presented. The inverter is derived from a boost cascaded with buck converter along with a line frequency unfolding circuit. High efficiency can be achieved because the converter allows the use of power MOSFET and ultra fast reverse recovery diode, which also features a robust structure because the phase-leg does not have shoot-through issue. By interleaving multiple phases, the ripple can be reduced, and thus the inductor size can also be reduced. This paper begins with theoretical analysis and modeling of this boost-buck converter based inverter to define the operation limit and to design the closed-loop controller. A two-phase interleaved inverter is then designed accordingly. Finally, the simulation and experiment results are shown to verify the concept.
Development and Characterization of Corrosion Resistant Coatings Using the Natural Biopolymer Chitosan (2006)

In the present study, chitosan was used as the basis for corrosion resistant coating. Chitosan suffers from two inherent weaknesses as a coating material namely high hydrophilicity and poor adhesive strength with Al 2024 T3 alloy. In the present study, chitosan structure was modified using epoxy functional silane and vanadate. Performance of coatings was tested using EIS, adhesion testing and salt spray testing. The best salt spray performance was observed in case of chitosan-(3-Glycidoxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane-vanadate coatings, which lasted 450 hours in salt spray chamber. UV/Visible measurements showed release of vanadate by chitosan increases with increasing solution pH. This property of chitosan provides self-healing characteristics to these coatings. When the solution pH is readjusted to a lower value, chitosan can re-adsorb released vanadate. FTIR spectra of chitosan gel showed adsorption of vanadate at protonated amine sites. Chitosan showed a maximum in the vanadate adsorption capacity in the pH 3 to 5 range.
Endotoxemic acute renal failure in awake rats (1986)

The sequence of changes in renal function in endotoxemic acute renal failure (ARF) and the role of hypotension and systemic hemodynamics were evaluated in awake female Sprague-Dawley rats given an intravenous bolus of Escherichia coli endotoxin (20-40 mg/kg). After endotoxin ARF was abrupt in onset as glomerular filtration rate (GFR) fell promptly and progressively by 53% within 3.5 h, whereas renal blood flow decreased by 42% and renal vascular resistance nearly doubled. Systemic hemodynamics remained stable, including mean arterial blood pressure, cardiac output, and total peripheral resistance. Early endotoxemic ARF was associated with oliguria and sodium retention, a finding consistent with intact tubular function. Three and one-half hours after endotoxin, however, fractional water and sodium excretion were significantly increased. Ultrastructural studies then demonstrated sequestration of phagocytic leukocytes and intracellular edema in the peritubular capillaries with normal glomeruli. The decrease in GFR was spontaneously reversible within 7-9 days. Extracellular fluid volume expansion with saline either before or 24 h after administration of endotoxin failed to prevent the decrease in GFR or to normalize renal function. The data suggest that endotoxin has direct renal effects. The endothelial cells may be the primary target of endotoxin in the kidney.
Mechanism Studies with Special Boundary Lubricant Chemistry (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A mechanism was proposed in SAE Paper #<a href="http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/941983" target="_blank">941983</a>, (October, 1994) to explain why “Unique Boundary Chemistry” (UBC) described in said paper (1) required an extended conditioning period for its full antiwear benefits to be realized and (2) why the UBC Chemistry produced a strong antiwear carryover effect, even after relatively short exposure to the engine. This paper will document and discuss results from several metal surface studies employing a variety of metal surface analysis techniques (XPS, Profilometry, and AFM) to support various aspects of the earlier proposed antiwear mechanism. These surface analysis studies were carried out with pertinent boundary lubricated parts from (a) bench tests, (b) engines tested under modified protocol Sequence IIIE conditions described in SAE Paper <a href="http://www.sae.org/technical/papers/941983" target="_blank">941983</a> and (c) standard ASTM Sequence IIIE and VE tests exposed to the UBC Chemistry.</div>
A survey of spark plug production testing tools and techniques (2007)

Despite 150 years' evolution, spark plug design and production testing methods have remained largely unchanged since their invention. Spark plug production is a complex process and there are many opportunities for faults to be manifested. During most of the history of spark plugs, an ingenious yet relatively simple "go/no go" batch test has been the test of choice, as it is rapid and well-proven for a variety of the most common faults. However, in recent years, some major disadvantages with this test have come to light. This paper describes the existing state of the art of spark plug testing tools and techniques, discovered during a comprehensive literature review. The predominant production spark plug testing system is evaluated, with a view to devising a more advanced method of spark plug testing. The work concludes that there is a need for a new production spark plug test, ideally offering: further increased reliability of fault detection, capacity for diagnosis of faults, high speed, and easier compliance with Health and Safety legislation.
Design Guidelines for Automotive Fuel Level Sensors (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Most current automotive and light truck fuel level sensors are essentially rotary potentiometers that have been designed to survive the chemically harsh environments found in the fuel tank. This paper will chronicle the design improvements made from the early wire wound versions to today's more robust thick film ink systems. The paper will highlight potential failure modes and discuss techniques to reduce noise and increase wear life. Data will be provided regarding changes in the circuit layout, ink compositions, and contact materials. Special consideration will be given to the adverse effects associated with the reactive sulfur prevalent in today's fuels.</div>
Laser Powder Bed Fabrication of Nickel‐Base Superalloys: Influence of Parameters; Characterisation, Quantification and Mitigation of Cracking (2012)

The use of a selective laser melting (SLM) powder-bed method to manufacture Ni-based superalloys components provides an economic approach for low production run components that operate under a high-temperature and stress environment. A major concern with the SLM of precipitation hardenable Ni-based superalloys is their high susceptibility to cracking, which has been heavily documented in the field of welding. Weld cracking may occur either during processing (hot cracking, liquation cracking and ductility-dip cracking) or during the post weld heat-treatment stage (strain-age cracking). Due to the complex thermal history of SLM fabricated material there is the potential for all of these mechanisms to be active. In this investigation, cuboidal coupons of the Ni-based superalloy CM247LC were fabricated by the SLM of argon gas atomised powder. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the influence of the process parameters (laser scan speed, power and scan spacing) on the cracking density and morphology through conducting a stereological study of scanning electron microscope (SEM) micrographs. Further microstructural evidence is presented, illustrating the different crack morphologies observed as well as suggesting the responsible mechanisms. Finally a postfabrication Hot Isostatic Pressing (HIP) treatment was performed to investigate its utility in 'healing' the internal cracks, and providing a route to retro-fix the cracking problem in the heat treatment stage of production. The findings highlight the need for process models of the SLM method in order to understand the thermal history and the laser fabricated structures observed.
Syntheses of Peptides Related to the <i>N</i>-Terminal Structure of Corticotropin. III. The Synthesis of <scp>l</scp>-Histidyl-<scp>l</scp>-phenylalanyl-<scp>l</scp>-arginyl-<scp>l</scp>-tryptophan, the Smallest Peptide Exhibiting the Melanocyte-stimulating and the Lipolytic Activities (1964)

Abstract 1) A tetrapeptide, l-histidyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-arginyl-l-tryptophan, corresponding to the amino-acid sequence of positions 6 to 9 in the corticotropin and α-MSH molecules has been synthesized. 2) This synthetic tetrapeptide has been found to exhibit an MSH potency of 3.6×104 units per gram in the in vitro frog skin assay, and it is also active on lipolysis in rabbit perirenal adipose tissue. These results may confirm that the glycine at position 10 in the molecules of corticotropin and α-MSH is not essential for these biological activities. 3) It has been shown that the azide-couling procedure can be employed successfully for the synthesis of arginyl peptides provided it is used in combination with the NG-tosyl-arginine. 4) The preparation of NG-tosyl-l-arginine and some of the relevant compounds has been described.
Investigation of the instability of a moving liquid film (1953)

The stability of a thin layer of liquid moving in still air is studied theoretically with the object of throwing light on the break-up of films during atomization. It is found that instability occurs if W = T/ρ1U2h < 1 and that the wavelength for maximum growth factor, for W « 1, is λ = (4πT/ρ2U2) where ρ1 is the liquid density, ρ2 is the air density, U is the film velocity, 2h is the film thickness and T is the surface tension of the liquid. Comparison with experimental data shows fair agreement with the observed wavelengths.
Mechanical disruption of <i>Escherichia coli</i> for plasmid recovery (1995)

Five different mechanical cell disruption processes were evaluated as methods to extract plasmids from bacterial cells. The methods used were sonication, nebulization homogenization, microfluidization, and bead milling. The recovery yields of intact plasmids from the various methods were measured by quantitative gel electrophoresis. Bead milling and microfluidization were found to have the highest potential for large scale extraction with total intact recoveries of over 90% and around 50%, respectively. Other methods resulted in substantial plasmid degradation, with recoveries no greater than 20% of the total intact plasmid.
A Technique of Lossless Steganography for G.711 Telephony Speech (2008)

This study proposes a technique of lossless steganography for G.711, the most common codec for digital speech communications such as VoIP (Voice over IP). The proposed technique in this study exploits the characteristics of G.711 for embedding steganogram information without any degradation. This paper shows the capacity of the proposed technique.