gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exogenous Testosterone or Testosterone with Finasteride Increases Bone Mineral Density in Older Men with Low Serum Testosterone (2004)

Older men, particularly those with low serum testosterone (T) levels, might benefit from T therapy to improve bone mineral density (BMD) and reduce fracture risk. Concerns exist, however, about the impact of T therapy on the prostate in older men. We hypothesized that the combination of T and finasteride (F), a 5 alpha-reductase inhibitor, might increase BMD in older men without adverse effects on the prostate. Seventy men aged 65 yr or older, with a serum T less than 12.1 nmol/liter on two occasions, were randomly assigned to receive one of three regimens for 36 months: T enanthate, 200 mg im every 2 wk with placebo pills daily (T-only); T enanthate, 200 mg every 2 wk with 5 mg F daily (T+F); or placebo injections and pills (placebo). Low BMD was not an inclusion criterion. We obtained serial measurements of BMD of the lumbar spine and hip by dual x-ray absorptiometry. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate size were measured at baseline and during treatment to assess the impact of therapy on the prostate. Fifty men completed the 36-month protocol. By an intent-to-treat analysis including all men for as long as they contributed data, T therapy for 36 months increased BMD in these men at the lumbar spine [10.2 +/- 1.4% (mean percentage increase from baseline +/- SEM; T-only) and 9.3 +/- 1.4% (T+F) vs. 1.3 +/- 1.4% for placebo (P < 0.001)] and in the hip [2.7 +/- 0.7% (T-only) and 2.2 +/- 0.7% (T+F) vs. -0.2 +/- 0.7% for placebo, (P < or = 0.02)]. Significant increases in BMD were seen also in the intertrochanteric and trochanteric regions of the hip. After 6 months of therapy, urinary deoxypyridinoline (a bone-resorption marker) decreased significantly compared with baseline in both the T-only and T+F groups (P < 0.001) but was not significantly reduced compared with the placebo group. Over 36 months, PSA increased significantly from baseline in the T-only group (P < 0.001). Prostate volume increased in all groups during the 36-month treatment period, but this increase was significantly less in the T+F group compared with both the T-only and placebo groups (P = 0.02). These results demonstrate that T therapy in older men with low serum T increases vertebral and hip BMD over 36 months, both when administered alone and when combined with F. This finding suggests that dihydrotestosterone is not essential for the beneficial effects of T on BMD in men. In addition, the concomitant administration of F with T appears to attenuate the impact of T therapy on prostate size and PSA and might reduce the chance of benign prostatic hypertrophy or other prostate-related complications in older men on T therapy. These findings have important implications for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in older men with low T levels.
Idiotype-reactive T-cell subsets and tumor load in monoclonal gammopathies (1995)

The presence of idiotype-reactive T-cell subsets and their relation to the tumor load were analyzed in 9 patients with monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), in 12 patients with multiple myeloma (MM) clinical stage I, and in 9 patients with MM stage II/III. An enzyme-linked immunospot assay was used to identify interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma)-, interleukin-2 (IL-2)-, or IL-4-secreting T cells after stimulation by F(ab')2 fragments of monoclonal IgG. The response to autologous IgG was significantly higher than that induced by isotypic monoclonal IgG. Comparable results were obtained in a proliferation assay (3H-thymidine incorporation). A total of 8 of 9 patients with MGUS, 7 of 12 patients with MM stage I, and 3 of 9 with MM stage II/III had T cells secreting IFN-gamma and/or IL-2 (T helper [Th1] type-1 cells), whereas cells secreting both Th1 and Th2 or Th0 types of cytokines were more frequent in patients with MM, particularly in those with MM stage II/III. The number and frequency of Th1-type cells were significantly higher in MGUS patients as compared with those of MM stage II/III. The results indicate that idiotype-reactive T cells of the Th1 and Th2 or Th0 subsets were present in MGs and might provide indirect evidence that idiotype-reactive Th1-type cells may have a regulatory impact on the human tumor B cells.
The analysis of acne increasing suicide risk (2021)

Acne is associated with depression and anxiety; however, the relationship between acne and suicide is still unclear. This study is aimed to evaluate the association between acne and suicide by conducting a meta-analysis. Studies were identified by electronic searches of the PubMed and EMBASE databases from their inception through Jan 10, 2020. Two authors separately assessed the quality and extracted data from the selected studies. When the heterogeneity was significant, we used a random-effects model to calculate overall pooled risk estimates.Five studies involving a total of 2,276,798 participants were finally included in the meta-analysis; 52,075 participants had acne. Suicide was positively associated with acne in the overall analysis (odds ratio (OR) 1.50, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.09-2.06, P = .004, I2 = 74.1%). Subgroup analyses were performed for suicidal behavior groups (P = .002, I2 = 80.4%), suicidal ideation or thoughts groups (P = .849, I2 = 0.0%), International Classification of Diseases version 9 (ICD-9) groups (P = .137, I2 = 49.6%), non-ICD-9 groups (P = .950, I2 = 0.0%), American groups (P = .311, I2 = 2.4%), and non-American groups (P = .943, I2 = 0.0%). Sensitivity analyses indicated flawed results. No publication bias was detected.Acne may significantly increase suicide risk. Clinicians should actively treat acne and consider suicide screening. Further international studies with high-quality analyses are needed as more data are published.Ethical approval and patient consent are not required because this study is a literature-based study.
Tweezing of Magnetic and Non‐Magnetic Objects with Magnetic Fields (2017)

Although strong magnetic fields cannot be conveniently "focused" like light, modern microfabrication techniques enable preparation of microstructures with which the field gradients - and resulting magnetic forces - can be localized to very small dimensions. This ability provides the foundation for magnetic tweezers which in their classical variant can address magnetic targets. More recently, the so-called negative magnetophoretic tweezers have also been developed which enable trapping and manipulations of completely nonmagnetic particles provided that they are suspended in a high-magnetic-susceptibility liquid. These two modes of magnetic tweezing are complimentary techniques tailorable for different types of applications. This Progress Report provides the theoretical basis for both modalities and illustrates their specific uses ranging from the manipulation of colloids in 2D and 3D, to trapping of living cells, control of cell function, experiments with single molecules, and more.
Systems Biology Approach for Mapping TNFα-NFκB Mathematical Model to a Protein Interaction Map (2010)

We investigated different mathematical models concerning signaling pathways and built a new pathway model for TNF -NF B signaling using an integrative analytical approach. This integrative approach consists of a knowledgebase, model designing/visualization and simulation environments. In particular, our new TNF -NF B signaling pathway model was developed based on literature studies and the use of ordinary differential equations and a detailed protein-protein interaction connectivity map within this approach. Using the most detailed mathematical model as a base model, three new proteins --TRAF1, FLIP, and MEKK3 --were identified and included in our new model. Our results show that this integrative approach offers the most detailed and consistent mathematical description for TNF -NF B signaling and further increases the understanding of TNF -NF B signaling pathway. This tool can be downloaded through the following link (http://sourceforge.net/projects/dmsp11/).
shRNA‐mediated silencing of Gli2 gene inhibits proliferation and sensitizes human hepatocellular carcinoma cells towards TRAIL‐induced apoptosis (2011)

Aberrant activation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway has been reported in various cancer types including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As a key effector of this signaling, Gli2 plays a crucial role in carcinogenesis, including the activation of genes encoding apoptosis inhibitors and cell-cycle regulators. In this study, we examined the role of Gli2 proliferation and survival of HCC cells. First, the expression levels of Hh pathway components were detected in a subset of HCC cell lines. To establish the role of Gli2 in maintaining the tumorigenic properties of HCC cells, we developed small hairpin RNA (shRNA) targeting Gli2 and transfected it into SMMC-7721 cell, which was selected with high level of Hh signaling expression. Next, effects of Gli2 gene silencing, on cell proliferation and on the expression of cell cycle-related proteins were evaluated, then, whether down-regulation of Gli2 renders HCC cell susceptible to TRAIL was examined in vitro. Knockdown of Gli2 inhibited cell proliferation and induced G1 phase arrest of cell cycle in SMMC-7721 cell through down-regulation of cyclin D1, cyclinE2, and up-regulation of p21-WAF1. Also, Gli2 gene siliencing sensitized SMMC-7721 cell to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis by reducing the expression of the long and short isoform of c-FLIP and Bcl-2, and then augmented the activation of initiator caspases-8/-9 and effector caspases-3, which induces PARP cleavage. In conclusion, our data suggest that Gli2 plays a predominant role in the proliferation and apoptosis resistance of HCC cells, and that knockdown of Gli2 may be a novel anticancer strategy for the treatment of HCC.
Detergent-free Decellularized Nerve Grafts for Long-gap Peripheral Nerve Reconstruction (2014)

This study describes a detergent-free nerve decellularization technique for reconstruction of long-gap nerve injuries. We compared DFD grafts with an established detergent processing technique and found that DFD nerve grafts are successful in promoting regeneration across long-gap peripheral nerve defects as an alternative to existing strategies.
Effect of alendronate on bone ingrowth into porous tantalum and carbon fiber interbody devicesAn experimental study on spinal fusion in pigs (2003)

Recent studies have reported that bisphosphonates reduce the resorption of grafted bone and inhibit bone resorption at a bone-implant interface. However, it is not known whether bisphosphonates affect bone ingrowth into porous biomaterial or spine fusion interbody devices with an autograft. In this study, 18 pigs (9 in each group) underwent anterior intervertebral lumbar arthrodeses at L2-3, L4-5 and L6-7. Each level was randomly allocated to one of the 3 implants: a solid piece of porous tantalum (Hedrocel), a porous tantalum ring or a carbon fiber cage both packed with an autograft. Alendronate was given orally to one of the groups. The radiographic and histological findings in the two groups 3 months after operation were similar in these devices. Histological examination showed that the original graft was entirely replaced by new trabecular bone in both groups. On histomorphometric analysis, the bone volume fraction, both inside the central hole of porous tantalum ring and in the porous tantalum, was larger in the pigs given alendronate than in the controls, but the fraction inside and around the central hole of the carbon fiber cage was not affected by this treatment. Short-term alendronate treatment, in a relatively low dose, does not impair the formation of new bone, but increases bone ingrowth into the central hole of the porous tantalum ring and the pores of the porous tantalum in this porcine model. This may be an effective way to enhance early biologic fixation of porous intervertebral implants.
Treatment of autoimmune liver disease: current and future therapeutic options (2013)

Autoimmune liver disease spans three predominant processes, from the interface hepatitis of autoimmune hepatitis to the lymphocytic cholangitis of primary biliary cirrhosis, and finally the obstructive fibrosing sclerotic cholangiopathy of primary sclerosing cholangitis. Although all autoimmune in origin, they differ in their epidemiology, presentation and response to immunosuppressive therapy and bile acid based treatments. With an ongoing better appreciation of disease aetiology and pathogenesis, treatment is set ultimately to become more rational. We provide an overview of current and future therapies for patients with autoimmune liver disease, with an emphasis placed on some of the evidence that drives current practice.
Autotransporter-based cell surface display in Gram-negative bacteria (2013)

Cell surface display of proteins can be used for several biotechnological applications such as the screening of protein libraries, whole cell biocatalysis and live vaccine development. Amongst all secretion systems and surface appendages of Gram-negative bacteria, the autotransporter secretion pathway holds great potential for surface display because of its modular structure and apparent simplicity. Autotransporters are polypeptides made up of an N-terminal signal peptide, a secreted or surface-displayed passenger domain and a membrane-anchored C-terminal translocation unit. Genetic replacement of the passenger domain allows for the surface display of heterologous passengers. An autotransporter-based surface expression module essentially consists of an application-dependent promoter system, a signal peptide, a passenger domain of interest and the autotransporter translocation unit. The passenger domain needs to be compatible with surface translocation although till now no general rules have been determined to test this compatibility. The autotransporter technology for surface display of heterologous passenger domains is critically discussed for various applications.
Automatic documentation inference for exceptions (2008)

Exception handling is a powerful and widely-used programming language abstraction for constructing robust software systems. Unfortunately, it introduces an inter-procedural flow of control that can be difficult to reason about. Failure to do so correctly can lead to security vulnerabilities, breaches of API encapsulation, and any number of safety policy violations.We present a fully automated tool that statically infers and characterizes exception-causing conditions in Java programs. Our tool is based on an inter-procedural, context-sensitive analysis. The output of this tool is well-suited for use as human-readable documentation of exceptional conditions.We evaluate the output of our tool by comparing it to over 900 instances of existing exception documentation in almost two million lines of code. We find that the output of our tool is at least as good as existing documentation 85% of the time and is better 25% of the time.
Antibacterial Effect of Aqueous and Alcohol Extracts of<i>Spondias mombin</i>, and<i>Alchornea cordifolia</i>- Two Local Antimicrobial Remedies (1985)

Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of leaves of Spondias mombin* and Alchornea cordifolia were found to inhibit the growth of some Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The ethanolic extract was found to be more effective than the aqueous extract in inhibiting bacterial growth.
Modulation of dopamine efflux in the nucleus accumbens after cholinergic stimulation of the ventral tegmental area in intact, pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus-lesioned, and laterodorsal tegmental nucleus-lesioned rats (1996)

Microinjections of the cholinergic receptor agonist nicotine and the cholinesterase inhibitor neostigmine were made into the ventral tegmental area (VTA) of urethane-anesthetized rats, and dopamine (DA) efflux in the nucleus accumbens was measured using in vivo chronoamperometry. Dose-dependent increases in the chronoamperometric signals corresponding to increased DA efflux were observed in the nucleus accumbens of normal intact rats after cholinergic stimulation of the VTA. The source of the cholinergic input to the VTA was investigated by making excitotoxic lesions in either the laterodorsal tegmental nucleus (LDTg) or the pedunculopontine tegmental nucleus (PPTg). Compared with sham-operated control animals, which showed the same response as intact, nonlesioned rats, ibotenate lesions of the LDTg attenuated the stimulatory effects of intra-VTA neostigmine on DA efflux in the nucleus accumbens. In contrast, rats with ibotenate lesions of the PPTg showed normal nucleus accumbens DA eflux after intra-VTA injections of neostigmine. Such lesions in the PPTg attenuate DA efflux in the caudate-putamen stimulated by injections of neostigmine into the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc). The present data show that cholinergic neurons in the LDTg, but not the PPTg, regulate the activity of DA-containing neurons in the VTA, which complements previous data showing that cholinergic neurons in the PPTg regulate DA-containing neurons in the SNc.
Measuring Children's Media Use in the Digital Age (2009)

In this new and rapidly changing era of digital technology, there is increasing consensus among media scholars that there is an urgent need to develop measurement approaches which more adequately capture media use The overarching goal of this paper is facilitate the development of measurement approaches appropriate for capturing children's media use in the digital age. The paper outlines various approaches to measurement, focusing mainly on those which have figured prominently in major existing studies of children's media use. We identify issues related to each technique, including advantages and disadvantages. We also include a review of existing empirical comparisons of various methodologies. The paper is intended to foster discussion of the best ways to further research and knowledge regarding the impact of media on children.
Photochemistry of Stilbene Adsorbed on Silica Gel and NaX Zeolite. A Diffuse Reflectance Laser Flash Photolysis Study (1994)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Transcriptome level analysis in Rett syndrome using human samples from different tissues (2018)

The mechanisms of neuro-genetic disorders have been mostly investigated in the brain, however, for some pathologies, transcriptomic analysis in multiple tissues represent an opportunity and a challenge to understand the consequences of the genetic mutation. This is the case for Rett Syndrome (RTT): a neurodevelopmental disorder predominantly affecting females that is characterised by a loss of purposeful movements and language accompanied by gait abnormalities and hand stereotypies. Although the genetic aetiology is largely associated to Methyl CpG binding protein 2 (MECP2) mutations, linking the pathophysiology of RTT and its clinical symptoms to direct molecular mechanisms has been difficult.One approach used to study the consequences of MECP2 dysfunction in patients, is to perform transcriptomic analysis in tissues derived from RTT patients or Induced Pluripotent Stem cells. The growing affordability and efficiency of this approach has led to a far greater understanding of the complexities of RTT syndrome but is also raised questions about previously held convictions such as the regulatory role of MECP2, the effects of different molecular mechanisms in different tissues and role of X Chromosome Inactivation in RTT.In this review we consider the results of a number of different transcriptomic analyses in different patients-derived preparations to unveil specific trends in differential gene expression across the studies. Although the analyses present limitations- such as the limited sample size- overlaps exist across these studies, and they report dysregulations in three main categories: dendritic connectivity and synapse maturation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and glial cell activity.These observations have a direct application to the disorder and give insights on the altered mechanisms in RTT, with implications on potential diagnostic criteria and treatments.
CUTANEOUS PROTOTHECOSIS (1971)

A case of human infection with Prototheca wickerhmii is described. The infection involved the skin and subcutaneous tissues of the forehead and scalp and the organism was demonstrated histologically and grown in culture. There is an early response to potassium iodide treatment but the final outcome is still uncertain.
Uptake of 68gallium in atherosclerotic plaques in LDLR-/-ApoB100/100 mice (2011)

We observed a moderate but significantly elevated 68Ga-radioactivity uptake in the aortic plaques of atherosclerotic mice, especially at the sites rich in macrophages. While the uptake of 68Ga was promising in this animal model, the slow blood clearance may limit the usability of 68Ga as a PET tracer for clinical imaging of atherosclerotic plaques.
Ion Exchange and Inorganic Adsorption (2004)

Abstract Ion exchange and adsorption are two physical processes that have been effectively applied for inorganic ion removal. The presence of inorganic ions in water is of major concern for water quality because they can interfere with legitimate use of water for various applications. Inorganic ions, particularly heavy metals, are seriously questionable because of their toxicity and threat to human life and the environment. This article highlights these two processes by defining their use, factors affecting them, and involved process mechanism. Factors affecting the adsorption and ion exchange processes, such as adsorbent nature, its chemistry, solution pH, presence of foreign ions, and temperature, have been enumerated with findings of various available research studies. Adsorption capacities of various adsorbents for inorganic ions have been summarized and compared. Various physicochemical properties of adsorbents used for inorganic ion removal has also been provided for better understanding of the adsorption mechanism involved. This article also presented an insight into the combined mechanism of two processes, which concludes both the processes as a unified one. Functional groups of various ion exchangers are used for inorganic ion removal. A review of potential adsorbents for inorganic removal is also presented.
Erbium doping of molecular-beam epitaxially grown InSb on InP (1992)

The transport properties of molecular-beam epitaxially grown InSb films doped with Er (atom densities NEr from 4.3×1016 cm−3 to 3.6×1020 cm−3) are reported at temperatures between 40 and 400 K. Er is a donor in InSb films grown under Sb to In flux ratios smaller than 1.1. At a flux ratio Sb/In=1.06, 25 atoms of Er give one extrinsic electron. The maximum extrinsic electron concentration achievable is ∼1.8×1017 cm−3, obtained for NEr≳4×1018 cm−3. Magnetoresistance measurements at 4.2 K show evidence for spin–disorder scattering of the electrons. The low-temperature (T&lt;150 K) electron mobility increases with doping concentration up to rare-earth densities of 1×1018 cm−3; at higher rare-earth concentrations, the mobility decreases again. At room temperature, the mobility decreases monotonically with increasing Er concentration. We note the analogy between these results and the observations made on HgSe:Fe, a system in which the carrier mobilities might be enhanced by impurity charge ordering.