gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Nucleosomal Array: Structure/Function Relationships (1996)

A nucleosomal array consists of core histone octamer-DNA complexes spaced at approximately 200 bp intervals along a DNA molecule. Nucleosomal arrays are the fundamental building block of chromosomal superstructures, the substrate for transcription, and the first nucleoprotein assembly laid down after DNA replication. The development of homogeneous length-defined nucleosomal arrays has led to a greatly improved understanding of nucleosomal array structural dynamics in the solution state. Under physiological salt conditions, a nucleosomal array is in dynamic equilibrium between folded, self-associated and dissociated conformational states. Folding and self-association are both critically dependent on the core histone tail domains, consistent with an essential functional role for the tail domains in the mediation of chromosomal level DNA compaction in the nucleus. Nucleosomal array folding is repressive in transcription in vitro, but can be overcome by compositional (e.g., tail domain acetylation) and configurational (e.g., histone octamer depletion) changes that are correlated with transcriptional activation in vivo. The mechanism of replication-coupled chromatin assembly also appears to be functionally linked to the dynamic properties of nucleosomal arrays. Although once thought to be both structurally and functionally inert, it is now apparent that the nucleosomal array is a key participant in the biological processes that take place within the chromosomal fibers of eukaryotes.
Chronic idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis in a West Highland white terrier. (2002)

A 9-year-old, spayed, female West Highland white terrier was presented with a chronic cough, lethargy, and exercise intolerance. Thoracic radiographic findings were consistent with a marked interstitial lung pattern. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, a disease anecdotally linked to this breed, was diagnosed on postmortem examination.
Primary (essential) thrombocythemia versus polycythemia vera rubra. A histomorphometric analysis of bone marrow features in trephine biopsies. (1988)

A morphometric analysis of bone marrow biopsies was performed in 25 patients each with clinical diagnoses of primary (essential) thrombocythemia (PTH) and polycythemia vera rubra (P. vera) according to the rigid diagnostic criteria of the Polycythemia Vera Study Group to reveal significant differences in the histomorphologic features between these disorders. In comparison with control specimens of patients without any hematologic disease, megakaryocyte proliferation was most prominent in PTH, even exceeding that of P. vera with concomitant thrombocythemia (11 of 25 cases with a platelet count greater than 600 X 10(9)/L). Moreover, in P. vera there were wide ranges of megakaryocyte sizes, consisting of micro-megakaryocytes as well as giant forms with highly segmented nuclei (four nuclear lobes), which gave the cells a pleomorphic appearance. As compared with the normal bone marrow, the amount of neutrophilic granulopoiesis and erythropoiesis was not significantly increased in PTH, in contrast to P. vera. Similar results were obtainable regarding the density of reticulin (argyrophilic) fibers: a normal content was encountered in the control specimens and PTH, whereas P. vera displayed a minimal-to-slight increase. Finally, the bone marrow of P. vera was totally devoid of stainable iron while hemosiderin deposits were detected in about two-thirds of the patients without hematologic disorders and in PTH. The characteristic differences revealed by this morphometric study may lead to an improvement of the controversial histologic diagnosis in these disorders.
High-speed driver for switching power MOSFETs (1988)

A simple circuit of a very fast driver for switching power MOSFETs is proposed and verified experimentally. It is a push-pull inverter composed of a complementary pair of transistors which operate in the common-emitter configuration. The driver is suited for high-frequency operation in the megahertz range and is compatible with digital integrated circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The origin of submicron polyethylene wear debris in total hip arthroplasty. (1995)

The microscopic morphology of worn polyethylene surfaces was compared with that of the associated polyethylene particles for acetabular cups tested in a wear simulator and for cups worn in vivo, using scanning electron microscopy. In the absence of significant third-body abrasive damage, the articulation of the ball in the cup produced a visually polished surface on the polyethylene. On a micron scale, the morphology of the worn polyethylene from in vitro and in vivo wear included nodules and fibrils consistent with adhesive, abrasive, and microfatigue wear mechanisms. Larger wear features, such as deep scratches or pits measuring in 10s of microns, that were seen in the in vivo cups were attributed to third-body wear. The polyethylene particles isolated from the serum lubricants of the wear tests and from the periprosthetic tissues were primarily submicron in size, were either rounded or elongated, and were consistent with the submicron wear features seen on the cup surfaces. It is the submicron particles that are associated with inflammatory periprosthetic bone loss in total hip replacement. Although the mean dimensions of the particles generated in vitro were slightly smaller than those of the in vivo particles, the overall morphologies were very comparable, suggesting that the same lubrication and wear processes were acting in the simulator as in vivo.
Activated Protein C Protects Against Myocardial Ischemia/ Reperfusion Injury via Inhibition of Apoptosis and Inflammation (2009)

APC exerts strong protective effects on early myocardial I/R injury, primarily via inhibition of apoptosis and inflammation, which are regulated via PAR-1.
Multiband GaN/AlGaN UV Photodetector (2006)

We present optical and electrical measurements made on GaN/AlGaN photodetector structure capable to detect three UV ranges, tuned by external voltage. The highest band at energy of about 3.85 eV is nearly independent of bias applied to the Schottky contact. Photosensitivity of the second band at about 3.65 eV changes strongly with the bias. Signal in this range increases about 20 times when the bias changes from 0 V to -4 V. Photosensitivity of the third band (3.4 eV) appears for strong reverse bias (-3 V). Characteristics of the detector are in qualitative agreement with numerical model, however deep centers present in the AlGaN layers cause quantitative discrepancies. The concentration of defects of the order of 10 16 cm -3 was estimated from current transients.
Antisense-mediated decrease in DNA ligase III expression results in reduced mitochondrial DNA integrity (2001)

The human DNA ligase III gene encodes both nuclear and mitochondrial proteins. Abundant evidence supports the conclusion that the nuclear DNA ligase III protein plays an essential role in both base excision repair and homologous recombination. However, the role of DNA ligase III protein in mitochondrial genome dynamics has been obscure. Human tumor-derived HT1080 cells were transfected with an antisense DNA ligase III expression vector and clones with diminished levels of DNA ligase III activity identified. Mitochondrial protein extracts prepared from these clones had decreased levels of DNA ligase III relative to extracts from cells transfected with a control vector. Analysis of these clones revealed that the DNA ligase III antisense mRNA-expressing cells had reduced mtDNA content compared to control cells. In addition, the residual mtDNA present in these cells had numerous single-strand nicks that were not detected in mtDNA from control cells. Cells expressing antisense ligase III also had diminished capacity to restore their mtDNA to pre-irradiation levels following exposure to gamma-irradiation. An antisense-mediated reduction in cellular DNA ligase IV had no effect on the copy number or integrity of mtDNA. This observation, coupled with other evidence, suggests that DNA ligase IV is not present in the mitochondria and does not play a role in maintaining mtDNA integrity. We conclude that DNA ligase III is essential for the proper maintenance of mtDNA in cultured mammalian somatic cells.
The Relation of Protective Duties to Domestic Production (1940)

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A progressive syndrome of autism, dementia, ataxia, and loss of purposeful hand use in girls: Rett's syndrome: Report of 35 cases (1983)

Thirty-five patients, exclusively girls, from three countries had a uniform and striking progressive encephalopathy. After normal general and psychomotor development up to the age of 7 to 18 months, developmental stagnation occurred, followed by rapid deterioration of higher brain functions. Within one-and-a-half years this deterioration led to severe dementia, autism, loss of purposeful use of the hands, jerky truncal ataxia, and acquired microcephaly. The destructive stage was followed by apparent stability lasting through decades. Additional insidious neurological abnormalities supervened, mainly spastic parapareses, vasomotor disturbances of the lower limbs, and epilepsy. Prior extensive laboratory investigations have not revealed the cause. The condition is similar to a virtually overlooked syndrome described by Rett in the German literature. The exclusive involvement of females, correlated with findings in family data analyses, suggests a dominant mutation on one X chromosome that results in affected girls and nonviable male hemizygous conceptuses.
Multimaterial Fibers for Generating Structured Nanoparticles (2012)

We present a pathway to the fabrication of structured spherical nanoparticles that leverages the scalability of fiber fabrication technology and an in-fiber Playteau-Rayleigh capillary instability. Thermal treatment of multi-material fibers post-drawing produces spherical nanoparticles.
Model‐based mapping of fat unsaturation and chain length by chemical shift imaging—phantom validation and in vivo feasibility (2012)

Knowledge about the triglyceride (fat) (1)H spectrum enables quantitative determination of several triglyceride characteristics. This work describes a model-based chemical shift imaging method that separates water and fat signal and provides maps of three triglyceride quantities: fatty acid carbon chain length, unsaturation degree, and polyunsaturation degree. The method was validated by imaging a phantom containing 10 different oils using 1.5 and 3.0 T clinical scanners, with gas-liquid chromatography as reference. Repeated acquisitions demonstrated high reproducibility of the method. Statistical tests of correlation and linear regression were performed to examine the accuracy of the method. Significant correlation was found at both field strengths for all three quantities, and high correlation (r(2) > 0.95) was found for measuring unsaturation degree and polyunsaturation degree. Feasibility of the method for in vivo imaging of the thigh was demonstrated at both field strengths. The estimates of unsaturation degree and polyunsaturation degree in subcutaneous adipose tissue were in agreement with literature values, while chain length appeared over estimated. The method has potential use in large-scale cross-sectional and longitudinal studies of triglyceride composition, and its relation to diet and various diseases.
The Golgin GCC88 Is Required for Efficient Retrograde Transport of Cargo from the Early Endosomes to the<i>Trans</i>-Golgi Network (2007)

Retrograde transport pathways from early/recycling endosomes to the trans-Golgi network (TGN) are poorly defined. We have investigated the role of TGN golgins in retrograde trafficking. Of the four TGN golgins, p230/golgin-245, golgin-97, GCC185, and GCC88, we show that GCC88 defines a retrograde transport pathway from early endosomes to the TGN. Depletion of GCC88 in HeLa cells by interference RNA resulted in a block in plasma membrane-TGN recycling of two cargo proteins, TGN38 and a CD8 mannose-6-phosphate receptor cytoplasmic tail fusion protein. In GCC88-depleted cells, cargo recycling was blocked in the early endosome. Depletion of GCC88 dramatically altered the TGN localization of the t-SNARE syntaxin 6, a syntaxin required for endosome to TGN transport. Furthermore, the transport block in GCC88-depleted cells was rescued by syntaxin 6 overexpression. Internalized Shiga toxin was efficiently transported from endosomes to the Golgi of GCC88-depleted cells, indicating that Shiga toxin and TGN38 are internalized by distinct retrograde transport pathways. These findings have identified an essential role for GCC88 in the localization of TGN fusion machinery for transport from early endosomes to the TGN, and they have allowed the identification of a retrograde pathway which differentially selects TGN38 and mannose-6-phosphate receptor from Shiga toxin.
Evaluation of coupled inductor Voltage Regulators (2008)

Usually for a CPU Voltage Regulator (VR), there are several different coupled inductor VR setups to improve the CPU VR performance. For example, there are three different coupled inductor VR setups for a 6 phase CPU VR: 3*2 phase coupled inductor VR, 2*3 phase coupled inductor VR and 1*6 phase coupled inductor VR. Based on one industrial CPU VR demo board, the different coupled inductor VR setups are evaluated by means of the analysis and the experiments. Advantages and drawbacks of all the setups are shown. The suggested coupled inductor VR setup is given finally.
ESIP RDF Data (2013)

We are working to create Linked Open Data from the people, meetings, and clusters within the Earth Science Information Partnership (ESIP). This files are the bulk RDF data used to create the Linked Open Data.
Ultraviolet‐C Irradiation for Prevention of Central Venous Catheter‐related Infections: An <i>In Vitro</i> Study (2010)

Central venous catheters (CVC) are widely used in the United States and are associated with 250,000 to 500,000 CVC-related infections in hospitals annually. We used a catheter made from ultraviolet-C (UVC) transmissive material to test whether delivery of UVC from the lumen would allow inactivation of microorganisms on the outer surface of CVC. When the catheter was exposed to UVC irradiation from a cold cathode fluorescent lamp inside the catheter lumen at a radiant exposure of 3.6 mJ cm(-2) , more than 6-log(10) of drug-resistant Gram-positive bacteria adhered to the outer surface of the catheter were inactivated. Three to 7-log(10) of drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria and 2.80-log(10) of fungi were inactivated at a radiant exposure of 11 mJ cm(-2).UVC irradiation also offered a highly selective inactivation of bacteria over keratinocytes under exactly comparable conditions. After 11 mJ cm(-2) UVC light had been delivered, over 6-log(10) of bacteria were inactivated while the viability loss of the keratinocytes was only about 57%.
Modification of polyurethaneurea with PEG and YIGSR peptide to enhance endothelialization without platelet adhesion (2004)

Improved endothelialization without platelet adhesion is essential to enhance the long-term patency of synthetic vascular grafts and other blood-contacting devices. We have developed a dually modified polyurethaneurea by incorporating endothelial cell adhesive YIGSR peptide sequences as chain extenders and nonthrombogenic PEG as a soft segment (PUUYIGSR-PEG) in the polymer backbone. PUUYIGSR-PEG was successfully synthesized and characterized by proton NMR, FTIR, GPC, DSC, ESCA, and contact angle measurement. Despite having similar molecular weight, the peptide/PEG-modified polyurethaneurea (PUUYIGSR-PEG) showed superior mechanical properties compared to the control PEG-modified polyurethaneurea (PUUPPD-PEG). Virtually no platelet adhesion was observed on PUUYIGSR-PEG, while endothelial cell adhesion, spreading, and migration were significantly greater on PUUYIGSR-PEG compared to PUUPPD-PEG. Thus, this bioactive polymer may be an appropriate biomaterial for small diameter vascular grafts.
Load Frequency Control with Communication Topology Changes in Smart Grid (2016)

In this paper, the quality of service of communication infrastructure implemented in multiarea power system for load frequency control application is assessed in smart grid environment. In this study, network induced effects time delay, packet loss, bandwidth, quantization, and change in communication topology (CT) has been addressed to examine the system performance in closed loop. Uncertainty in time delay is approximated using deterministic and stochastic models. The network is modeled considering different network configurations, i.e., change in CT. The modeled communication network guarantees control relevant properties, i.e., stability. The decentralized controller and linear matrix inequality-based linear quadratic regulator is implemented to reduce the dynamic performance (mean square error of states variables) of power system as CT changes. Simulation results suggest that the proposed scheme of networked control is superior with respect to other design methods available in the literature, and thus robust to communication imperfections.
Layered Sensing: Its Definition, Attributes, and Guiding Principles for AFRL Strategic Technology Development (2008)

Abstract : The changing face of warfare and it migration from large state-on-state conflicts to Irregular Warfare is dramatically changing the requirements laid down by the Department of Defense for acquiring and disseminating information. Creating and information for all levels of decision makers from the President to the Marine on the ground will require significant changes. In response, The Air Force Research Laboratory has established an urgent and focused long-term strategy to improve Situational Awareness technologies. This document helps to outline that strategy by defining the context of a new technology construct called Layered Sensing. This report fully defines the attributes and context of Layered Sensing and describes its implications for driving AFRL research. AFRL recognizes that this document represents a living, evolving construct. This document will be periodically reviewed, revised, and re-released as the concept evolves.
Blowing Agent Alternatives for Sprayed Polyurethane Foam (1989)

Trichlorofluoromethane, CFC-11, has been the predommant blow ing agent used in spray formulations for polyurethane systems. The low thermal con ductivity of this gas has provided polyurethane foam with its excellent msulation properties. However, due to environmental concerns over depletion of ozone in the upper atmosphere, regulations have been proposed limiting the production of CFC's in 1989, with further reductions in the 1990's. This limited supply situation will re quire a great deal of reformulation and testing by suppliers of polyurethane systems as they seek alternative blowing agents. This paper provides data on the performance of two hydrochlorofluorocarbons, HCFC-123 and HCFC-141b, which are currently being promoted as alternatives to CFC-11. The alternate materials differ from CFC- 11 in molecular weight, boiling point, latent heat of vaporization, flammability and thermal conductivity. Therefore, formulations must be modified to determine the total blowing agent required for foam density, catalyst levels required to achieve the proper reactivity and flame retardant loading needed to meet flammabihty require ments. In addition, the use of mcreased water levels, which reduces the total quantity of CFC required is discussed. The use of increased water levels will be required for the following two reasons. First, although using increased water levels has its limita tions, it is the most viable alternate method of blowing available for the short term since alternate materials are not currently in large scale production. Second, even when the alternative materials are readily available, the relatively high costs for these materials will certainly motivate the formulator to mimmize usage and therefore maximize the formulation economics. This paper presents data on the required quan tity of various blowing agent combinations, formulation modifications required, the physical properties and flammability test performance in sprayfoam applications.
Integrated surface-micromachined mass flow controller (2003)

An integrated surface-micromachined mass flow controller (MFC) that consists of an electrostatically actuated microvalve and a thermal flow sensor is presented here. With a unique design and utilizing a multilayer Parylene process, the active microvalve and the flow sensor are integrated onto a single chip to perform closed-loop flow control. Sensitivity of the flow sensor is 55 PV/(/spl mu/L/min) for airflow and 12.2 pV/(nL/min) for water. The valve is actuated with a 10 kHz AC signal and an applied pressure of 21 kPa can be sealed with an actuation voltage of 200 V/sub peak/ (/spl plusmn/200 V). For flow control, both Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and actuation voltage adjustment are demonstrated. PWM shows better performance in terms of controllability and linearity.
Dynamic angle measurement by means of a ring laser (1997)

A ring laser goniometer was investigated in different applications of precision angle measurement, such as the calibration of optical polygons and optical encoders, external angle measurement of rotating objects and inertial angle measurement by rotation of the goniometer itself. The results agree with standard methods of angle measurement to about 0,5 µrad (0,1 ). Further improvement in accuracy is expected mainly from the reduction of noise in the mechanical and electrical setup of the measurement system.
Region-Based Parametric Motion Segmentation Using Color Information (1998)

This paper presents pixel-based and region-based parametric motion segmentation methods for robust motion segmentation with the goal of aligning motion boundaries with those of real objects in a scene. We first describe a two-step iterative procedure for parametric motion segmentation by either motion-vector or motion-compensated intensity matching. We next present a region-based extension of this method, whereby all pixels within a predefined spatial region are assigned the same motion label. These predefined regions may be fixed- or variable-size blocks or arbitrary-shaped areas defined by color or texture uniformity. A particular combination of these pixel-based and region-based methods is then proposed as a complete algorithm to obtain the best possible segmentation results on a variety of image sequences. Experimental results showing the benefits of the proposed scheme are provided.
Blockchain-based structures for a secure and operate IoT (2017)

The IoT presents opportunities in all industrial sectors and is integral to the future of goods and services. The IoT includes the old Internet, but is substantially different from the old Internet for at least one very simple reason: the devices at the periphery of the network are not operated by people. These devices may be semi-or fully automated. And they will vastly outnumber the human operated devices in a short period of time. Blockchain is the basis technology for crypto-currencies like Bitcoin. But Blockchain can have far larger applications in the IoT, because Blockchain is highly distributed and publically viewable system of sequentially linked cryptographically. This in turn means that the Blockchain can be used to build trusted connections without an intermediary. This paper presents a concept of application.