gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Residential biomass combustion - emissions of organic compounds to air from wood pellets and other new alternatives (2006)

The highly polarizable pi-electron system of conjugated molecules forms the basis for their unique electronic and photophysical properties, which play an important role in numerous biological phenomena and make them important materials for technological applications. We present a theoretical investigation of the dynamics and relaxation of photoexcited states in conjugated polyfluorenes, which are promising materials for display applications. Our analysis shows that both fast (approximately 20 fs) and slow (approximately 1 ps) nuclear motions couple to the electronic degrees of freedom during the excited-state dynamics. Delocalized excitations dominate the absorption, whereas emission comes from localized (self-trapped) excitons. This localization is attributed to an inherent nonlinear coupling among vibronic degrees of freedom which leads to lattice and torsional distortions and results in specific signatures in spectroscopic observables. Computed vertical absorption and fluorescence frequencies as well as photoluminescence band shapes show good agreement with experiment. Finally, we demonstrate that dimerization such as spiro-linking does not affect the emission properties of molecules because the excitation becomes confined on a single chain of the composite molecule.
Performance and implementation issues in database crash recovery (1985)

Various approaches to database crash recovery have been pro- posed in recent years. In this thesis, we extend one such mechanism ('shadow recovery') to function in a multi-user environment. We then compare this new mechanism with the most popular recovery algo- rithm: REDO/UNDO logging. Our approach is empirical. By building a fairly realistic database environment (called PREDATOR--Princeton Experiments in Database Organization), we identify not only when a given recovery mechanism is preferred, but by how much.
Our experiments suggest that excessive page-table is the major performance problem of shadow recovery. To this end, we devise a method for parametrizing shadow recovery that minimizes page-table I/O. Using a simple model, we show our technique performs
especially well for applications with short transactions or large amounts of memory or disk.
('(DAG))The material is based upon work partially supported by the National Science Foundation under grants ECS-8303146 and ECS-8351616.
Radiology Perspective of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19): Lessons From Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (2020)

<b>OBJECTIVE.</b> Since the outbreak of the novel coronavirus pulmonary illness coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in China, more than 79,000 people have contracted the virus worldwide. The virus is rapidly spreading with human-to-human transmission despite imposed precautions. Because similar pulmonary syndromes have been reported from other strains of the coronavirus family, our aim is to review the lessons from imaging studies obtained during severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) outbreaks. <b>CONCLUSION.</b> The review of experiences with the MERS and SARS outbreaks will help us better understand the role of the radiologist in combating the outbreak of COVID-19. The known imaging manifestations of the novel coronavirus and the possible unknowns will also be discussed.
Anisotropy of Sheared Carbon-Nanotube Suspensions (2005)

We measure the anisotropy of sheared carbon-nanotube suspensions for a broad range of concentration, aspect ratio, and strain rate using a variety of methods. Our measurements highlight the importance of excluded-volume interactions in the semidilute regime, with scaling in terms of a dimensionless shear rate. Our results also suggest that such interactions might be exploited to fractionate carbon nanotubes by length in simple shear flow.
Thermochemistry of Biologically Important Compounds. Heats of Combustion of Solid Organic Acids. (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThermochemistry of Biologically Important Compounds. Heats of Combustion of Solid Organic Acids.R. C. Wilhoit and Daniel. ShiaoCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1964, 9, 4, 595–599Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1964https://doi.org/10.1021/je60023a038RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views529Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (597 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
High voltage with Si series photovoltaics (2006)

A monolithic crystalline Si photovoltaic device, developing a potential of 2,120 Volts, has been demonstrated<sup>12</sup>. The monolithic device consists of 3600 small photovoltaic cells connected in series and fabricated using standard CMOS processing on SOI wafers. The SOI wafers with trenches etched to the buried oxide (BOX) depth are used for cell isolation. The photovoltaic cell is a Si pn junction device with the n surface region forming the front surface diffused region upon which light impinges. Contact is formed to the deeper diffused region at the cell edge. The p+ deep-diffused region forms the contact to the p-type base region. Base regions were 5 or 10 μm thick. Series connection of individual cells is accomplished using standard CMOS interconnects. This allows for the voltage to range from approximately 0.5 Volts for a single cell to above a thousand volts for strings of thousands of cells. The current is determined by cell area. The voltage is limited by dielectric breakdown. Each cell is isolated from the adjacent cells through dielectric-filled trench isolation, the substrate through the SOI buried oxide, and the metal wiring by the deposited pre-metal dielectric. If any of these dielectrics fail (whether due to high electric fields or inherent defects), the photovoltaic device will not produce the desired potential. We have used ultra-thick buried oxide SOI and several novel processes, including an oxynitride trench fill process, to avoid dielectric breakdown.
Electroporation: Mechanism and transient expression, stable transformation and biological effects in plant protoplasts (1991)

The present state of knowledge about the mechanistic and theoretical aspects of electroporation is summarized. Parameters affecting the efficiency of transient expression and stable transformation of electroporated plant protoplasts are rewieved. Biological effects of electroporation on plant protoplasts are described.
Fungi and other items consumed by the blue-gray taildropper slug (Prophysaon coeruleum) and the papillose taildropper slug (Prophysaon dubium) (2002)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Automated knowledge acquisition from clinical databases based on rough sets and attribute-oriented generalization. (1998)

Rule induction methods have been proposed in order to acquire knowledge automatically from databases. However, conventional approaches do not focus on the implementation of induced results into an expert system. In this paper, the author focuses not only on rule induction but also on its evaluation and presents a systematic approach from the former to the latter as follows. First, a rule induction system based on rough sets and attribute-oriented generalization is introduced and was applied to a database of congenital malformation to extract diagnostic rules. Then, by the use of the induced knowledge, an expert system which makes a differential diagnosis on congenital disorders is developed. Finally, this expert system was evaluated in an outpatient clinic, the results of which show that the system performs as well as a medical expert.
Micro Electroformed Ni-P Alloy Parts by extended UV-LIGA Technology (2011)

In recent years an increasing interest has grown in using Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) fabrication technology in mechanical timepieces. The UV-LIGA process which combines ultraviolet lithography and electroforming is among micro-production technologies providing exciting possibilities. It has been established as industrial viable for the fabrication of various micromechanical components. Current limitations are that the technology is restricted to the use of nickel. It is too soft (~ 300HV) and has magnetic properties. It is not perfect for the movement of timepieces. However, by adding other materials, e.g. phosphor-Nickel (Ni-P), these alloys have their attractions, being stainless, non-magnetic and very high hardness. As a new technique, details are still being perfected. In this work, the process of Ni-P micro electroforming has been developed to extend UV-LIGA technology. And attempt has been made to investigate the magnetic properties and the hardness of the manufactured Ni-P alloy components. The results showed that the phosphor content can be controlled by different concentration of phosphorous acid (H3PO3) in the electrolyte solution. Corresponding properties have been analyzed which shows good hardness and lower magnetic properties. When the phosphorous content reaches over 12 wt%, the Ni-P alloy is with non-magnetic properties while pure nickel is ferromagnetic material. And the hardness of electroformed Ni-P alloy is about 600 HV and can be above 1000 HV after special heat treatment.
A GIS‐Based Framework for Hazardous Materials Transport Risk Assessment (2001)

This article presents a methodology for assessment of the hazardous materials transport risk in a multicommodity, multiple origin-destination setting. The proposed risk assessment methodology was integrated with a Geographical Information System (GIS), which made large-scale implementation possible. A GIS-based model of the truck shipments of dangerous goods via the highway network of Quebec and Ontario was developed. Based on the origin and destination of each shipment, the risk associated with the routes that minimize (1) the transport distance, (2) the population exposure, (3) the expected number of people to be evacuated in case of an incident, and (4) the probability of an incident during transportation was evaluated. Using these assessments, a government agency can estimate the impact of alternative policies that could alter the carriers' route choices. A related issue is the spatial distribution of transport risk, because an unfair distribution is likely to cause public concern. Thus, an analysis of transport risk equity in the provinces of Quebec and Ontario is also provided.
Deep Apprenticeship Learning for Playing Video Games (2015)

Recently it has been shown that deep neural networks can learn to play Atari games by directly observing raw pixels of the playing area. We show how apprenticeship learning can be applied in this setting so that an agent can learn to perform a task (i.e. play a game) by observing the expert, without any explicitly provided knowledge of the game’s internal state or objectives. Background Mnih et al. (2013) recently demonstrated that it is possible to combine Q-learning with deep learning to play Atari games. Their method learns to maximize the score of the game, which is explicitly provided to the model during training. We extend the approach of Mnih et al. (2013) to the ap-prenticeship learning setting, allowing our agent to learn to play without being provided with any explicit knowledge of the game score. In this paper we take a very simple approach to apprenticeship learning by simply observing the expert play and training a classifier to identify expert actions from game states. Deep Apprenticeship Learning Following Mnih et al. (2013), we train a convolutional neu-ral network to play Atari games by observing only raw pixels of the playing area. However, instead of learning to maxi-mize the game score directly, we attempt to imitate the be-haviour of an expert player. By watching an expert play, our network is able to learn to map game states to actions in a way that does not require that the score of the game is pro-vided externally. We call our method Deep Apprenticeship Learning (DAL). Data Collection To interact with Atari games we used the Arcade Learn-ing Environment (Naddaf 2010). To collect training data we modified the Arcade Learning Environment to record states (video frames) and actions (button presses) while a human plays the game. We collected human gameplay data for the Freeway game. Freeway is a classical game about trying to cross a street Copyright c © 2015, Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. actions (a) fully connected MLP convolutional layers state
Current issues in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (1997)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among smokers. Many guidelines that have recently been issued emphasize that COPD is not inaccessible to therapeutic measures: although few interventions are capable of affecting its natural history (i.e. smoking cessation and, in patients with severe resting hypoxaemia, oxygen therapy), several others have a demonstrated effect on symptoms and, thereby, quality of life. The effects of inhaled corticosteroids, and alpha 1-antitrypsin replacement therapy in emphysema due to alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency are currently being studied. When there is a marked increase in mucus production, chest physiotherapy using controlled expiration and directed cough may be useful. Inhaled bronchodilators are frequently effective on dyspnoea, anticholinergic agents being more suitable for continuous symptoms. Rehabilitation, which includes education and psychosocial care, chest physiotherapy, nutritional care and exercise training, also improves quality of life. When there is persistent severe alveolar hypoventilation despite oxygen therapy, long-term mechanical ventilation may be considered. Surgical options in the treatment of emphysema include resection of giant bullae and lung volume reduction surgery. Lung transplantation should be proposed only in patients with end-stage disease, the difficulty here being to define what 'end-stage' means. Finally, all preventive and some therapeutic interventions are likely to be more effective early in the course of the disease. Thus, efforts should be made to detect airways obstruction early in subjects at risk, such as smokers.
Removing Artefacts From Color and Contrast Modifications (2011)

This work is concerned with the modification of the gray level or color distribution of digital images. A common drawback of classical methods aiming at such modifications is the revealing of artefacts or the attenuation of details and textures. In this work, we propose a generic filtering method enabling, given the original image and the radiometrically corrected one, to suppress artefacts while preserving details. The approach relies on the key observation that artefacts correspond to spatial irregularity of the so-called transportation map, defined as the difference between the original and the corrected image. The proposed method draws on the nonlocal Yaroslavsky filter to regularize the transportation map. The efficiency of the method is shown on various radiometric modifications: contrast equalization, midway histogram, color enhancement, and color transfer. A comparison with related approaches is also provided.
β-Galactosidase for Distinguishing between <i>Citrobacter</i> and <i>Salmonella</i> (1966)

Detection of beta-galactosidase with the aid of o-nitrophenyl-beta-d-galactopyranoside (ONPG) was examined as a means for distinguishing between Citrobacter and Salmonella. Several factors which influence sensitivity and reliability of the test were studied. A bacteriostat, sodium azide, was included to permit prolonged incubation of weak and negative strains of enteric bacilli. By the procedure described, salmonellae gave negative ONPG tests; all of 171 strains of Citrobacter gave positive tests.
The Hadoop distributed filesystem: Balancing portability and performance (2010)

Hadoop is a popular open-source implementation of MapReduce for the analysis of large datasets. To manage storage resources across the cluster, Hadoop uses a distributed user-level filesystem. This filesystem - HDFS - is written in Java and designed for portability across heterogeneous hardware and software platforms. This paper analyzes the performance of HDFS and uncovers several performance issues. First, architectural bottlenecks exist in the Hadoop implementation that result in inefficient HDFS usage due to delays in scheduling new MapReduce tasks. Second, portability limitations prevent the Java implementation from exploiting features of the native platform. Third, HDFS implicitly makes portability assumptions about how the native platform manages storage resources, even though native filesystems and I/O schedulers vary widely in design and behavior. This paper investigates the root causes of these performance bottlenecks in order to evaluate tradeoffs between portability and performance in the Hadoop distributed filesystem.
Online crisis communication response: A case study of fraudulent banking transactions in South Africa (2011)

Abstract The emergence and advancement of information technology – specifically the replacement of face-toface services with innovative self-service technology, such as banking transactions on the Internet – is forcing companies to adopt a proactive approach to online crisis communication response, and to combine the management and control of online messages during a crisis. In the financial services industry, deregulation and the rapid growth in technology have removed entry barriers in the online environment, forcing financial institutions to transform from the traditional brick-and-mortar to click-and-mortar service delivery, while at the same time allaying customers’ fears (and the perceived risk) of fraudulent online transactions. Although studies have been conducted on the adoption, use, perceived risk and purchase intention of self-service technology, limited research has examined the knowledge management of an online crisis communication response. Knowledge management, which focuses on the acquisition, transfer and assimilation of information, is one way in which to manage messages effectively before, during and after an online crisis communication response situation. The main aim of this article is to identify and characterise typologies of the management and control of messages in an online crisis communication response, through an interpretative and critical analysis of fraudulent websites, based on the main premises of the knowledge management approach. This is done through a case study approach: the website of one of the top ten banks in South Africa was studied in terms of it dealt with fraudulent banking transactions, specifically from the knowledge management paradigm.
Simulation of chemical reaction equilibria by the reaction ensemble Monte Carlo method: a review† (2008)

Understanding and predicting the equilibrium behaviour of chemically reacting systems in highly non-ideal environments is critical to many fields of science and technology, including solvation, nanoporous materials, catalyst design, combustion and propulsion science, shock physics and many more. A method with recent success in predicting the equilibrium behaviour of reactions under non-ideal conditions is the reaction ensemble Monte Carlo method (RxMC). RxMC has been applied to reactions confined in porous solids or near solid surfaces, reactions at high temperature and/or high pressure, reactions in solution and at phase interfaces. The only required information is a description of the intermolecular forces among the system molecules and standard free-energy data for the reacting components. Extensions of the original method include its combination with algorithms for systems involving phase equilibria, constant-enthalpy and constant-internal energy adiabatic conditions, a method to include reaction kinetics, a method to study the dynamics of reacting systems, and a mesoscale method to simulate long-chain molecule phase separation. This manuscript surveys the various applications and adaptations of the RxMC method to date. Additionally, the relationship between the RxMC method and other techniques that simulate chemical reaction behaviour is given, along with insight into some technical nuances not found in the pioneering papers.
Cloning of the gene encoding the major outer membrane protein of Haemophilus influenzae type b (1988)

The major outer membrane protein (P2) of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) with an apparent molecular weight of 37,000 to 40,000 has been previously shown to function as a porin and also as a target for antibodies protective against experimental Hib disease. The gene encoding the Hib P2 protein was cloned by using a shuttle vector capable of replication in both Escherichia coli and H. influenzae. The amino acid sequence of the amino terminus of the Hib P2 protein was determined and used to design an oligonucleotide probe corresponding to the first 20 amino acids of this protein. This oligonucleotide probe was used to identify Hib chromosomal DNA fragments containing the Hib P2 gene. These DNA fragments were ligated into the plasmid vector pGJB103 and then used to transform a rec-1 mutant of H. influenzae Rd. Recombinant clones expressing the Hib P2 protein were identified in a colony blot-radioimmunoassay by using a monoclonal antibody specific for a surface epitope of the Hib P2 protein. The gene encoding this Hib protein was present on a 10-kilobase Hib DNA insert in the recombinant plasmid. Transformation experiments involving the recombinant plasmid suggested that unregulated synthesis of Hib P2 is a lethal event in E. coli. The recombinant Hib P2 protein was exposed on the surface of the recombinant H. influenzae strain. This recombinant strain was used to develop a system for detecting polyclonal serum antibodies directed against surface determinants of the Hib P2 protein. The availability of the gene encoding the Hib P2 protein should facilitate investigation of both the immunogenicity and the structure-function relationship(s) of this major outer membrane protein.