gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of Mitochondrial K<sub>ATP</sub>Channel Elicits Late Preconditioning Against Myocardial Infarction via Protein Kinase C Signaling Pathway (1999)

Activation of mitochondrial K(ATP) (mitoK(ATP)) channel induces acute ischemic preconditioning (PC) against ischemic injury. The ability of this channel to elicit late PC remains unknown. The present study tests the hypothesis that stimulation of mitoK(ATP) channel induces late PC via the protein kinase C (PKC) signaling pathway. Rats were subjected to 30 minutes of regional ischemia and 120 minutes of reperfusion (I/R). In other groups, rats were pretreated with diazoxide, a specific opener of the mitoK(ATP) channel (7 mg/kg, IV), 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours before they were subjected to I/R. A maximum reduction in infarct size was observed after 24 hours (33.3+/-2.2% versus I/R group, 62.1 +/-2.4%). Pretreatment with diazoxide did not reduce the infarct size significantly after 12, 48, and 72 hours (50.2+/-4.3%, 50.5+/-4.6%, and 58.2+/-4.9%) compared with the I/R group. The protection was blocked with 5-hydroxydecanoic acid (5-HD, 5 mg/kg IV), a relatively selective mitoK(ATP) channel blocker (56.5+/-2.7%), and chelerythrine (5 mg/kg IV), an effective PKC inhibitor (57.1+/-3.4%) administered either on the first day before diazoxide pretreatment or 10 minutes before I/R on the second day. Cell necrosis was decreased by approximately 50% in the diazoxide preconditioned hearts compared with control I/R hearts. Cell death by apoptosis was also significantly decreased in diazoxide pretreated hearts (3.2%) as compared with I/R (11.3%). In conclusion, activation of mitoK(ATP) channel with diazoxide produces late PC against reperfusion injury. The effect of mitoK(ATP) channel appears to be dependent on the PKC-mediated signal pathway.
Combinatorial Biosynthesis of Cyclic Lipopeptide Antibiotics: A Model for Synthetic Biology To Accelerate the Evolution of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthetic Pathways (2012)

Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are giant multi-enzymes that carry out sequencial assembly line couplings of amino acids to generate linear or cyclic peptides. NRPSs are composed of repeating enzyme domains with modular organization to activate and couple specific amino acids in a particular order. From a synthetic biology perspective, they can be considered as peptide assembly machines composed of devices to couple fatty acids to l-amino acids, l-amino acids to l-amino acids, and d-amino acids to l-amino acids. The coupling devices are composed of specific parts that contain two or more enzyme domains that can be exchanged combinatorially to generate novel peptide assembly machines to produce novel peptides. The potent lipopeptide antibiotics daptomycin and A54145E have identical cyclic depsipeptide ring structures and stereochemistry but have divergent amino acid sequences. As their biosynthetic gene clusters are derived from an ancient ancestral lipopetide pathway, these lipopeptides provided an attractive model to develop combinatorial biosynthesis to generate antibiotics superior to daptomycin. These studies on combinatorial biosynthesis have helped generate guidelines for the successful assembly of NRPS parts and devices that can be used to generate novel lipopeptide structures and have established a basis for future synthetic biology studies to further develop combinatorial biosynthesis as a robust approach to natural product drug discovery.
Intelligent Colloidal Hybrids via Reversible pH-Induced Complexation of Polyelectrolyte and Silica Nanoparticles (2003)

We present novel intelligent colloidal polymer/silica nanocomposites, in which the complexation of cationic silica nanoparticles and a weak anionic polyelectrolyte can be manipulated simply by pH change through a hydrogen-bonding interaction and ionic complexation caused by hydrogen-transfer interactions between the constituents. Special silica particles which have nanometer size (diameter approximately 3.0 nm) and two independent proton-accepting sites were developed in this study. Both the silica and poly(acrylic acid) form transparent colloidal solutions in water, while a white turbid dispersion was obtained just after mixing the two solutions due to the complexation. The pH-induced association-dissociation behavior was confirmed by the turbidity and potentiometric titration measurements. The assembled structures of the hybrids were visualized by scanning force microscopy.
Refinement strategies for verification methods based on datapath abstraction (2006)

In this paper we explore the application of Counter example-Guided Abstraction Refinement (CEGAR) in the context of microprocessor correspondence checking. The approach utilizes automatic datapath abstraction, augmented with automatic refinement based on 1) localization, 2) generalization, and 3) minimal unsatisfiable subset (MUS) extraction. We introduce several refinement strategies and empirically evaluate their effectiveness on a set of microprocessor benchmarks. The data suggest that localization, generalization, and MUS extraction from both the abstract and concrete models are essential for effective verification. Additionally, refinement tends to converge faster when multiple MUses are extracted in each iteration.
Overview of VPE: A Visual Environment for Message-Passing Parallel Programming (1994)

VPE is a visual parallel programming environment for message-passing parallel computing and is intended to provide a simple human interface to the process of creating message-passing programs. Programmers describe the process structure of a program by drawing a graph in which nodes represent processes and messages flow on arcs between nodes. They then annotate these computation nodes with program text expressed in C or Fortran which contains simple message-passing calls. The VPE environment can then automatically compile, execute, and animate the program. VPE is designed to be implemented on top of standard message-passing libraries such as PVM and MPI.
A Multivariate Self-Tuning Controller for Run-To-Run Process Control under Shift and Trend Disturbances (1996)

Many manufacturing systems are controlled with PID-type controllers. In some industries, such as semiconductor manufacturing, specifications or changing conditions impose a need for adjusting such controllers on a run-to-run basis. This need has originated a collection of techniques called run-to-run process control. Self-tuning control, where model estimation is done on-line, has been shown to be a feasible tool for run-to-run control in single input–single output systems. This paper presents a self-tuning multiple input-multiple output controller for run to run control. The controller compensates for a variety of disturbances frequently found in semiconductor manufacturing, such as offsets or shifts and trends. The controller also compensates for autocorrelated responses or noise terms, for coupled responses, and for non-square systems (i.e., the number of inputs may be greater than the number of outputs). A sensitivity analysis is presented to show the performance of the controller under various system-noise combinations. A performance measure is developed to compare the behavior of the controller with that of a minimum variance multivariate controller. A multivariate EWMA monitoring chart is added to the controller as a deadband in order to trade-off the number of recipe (setpoint) changes against the variance of the outputs. This approach is contrasted with the classical strategy of trading-off input versus output variances.
Discharge coefficients through perforated plates (1957)

Abstract The design variables that affect the pressure drop across dry perforated plates were determined and correlated. Average orifice coefficients were calculated for the perforated plates by using a modified form of the single‐orifice flow equation. The variables which affected the orifice coefficients were found to be the hole diameter, hole pitch, plate thickness, fraction of the plate covered by the perforated area, and a Reynolds number based on the hole diameter. The orifice coefficients have been correlated with these variables in dimensionless groupings. The correlation presented covers a practicable range of variables for which the pressure drop may be predicted in design.
A Depth Based Mode Decision Algorithm for 3D Video Coding (2013)

This paper analyzes the relationship between macro block (MB) modes and depth values in multiview video plus depth (MVD) format, and proposed a depth based mode decision algorithm for 3D video coding. The depth information was utilized to determine the final mode decision process. The experimental results show the proposed algorithm can reduce the complexity of the mode decision process remarkably while maintaining nearly the same rate distortion performance.
Effect of poloxamer 188 on lymphatic uptake of carvedilol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles for bioavailability enhancement (2009)

The present work aimed to investigate the effect of different concentrations of poloxamer 188, a surfactant, on lymphatic uptake of carvedilol-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for oral bioavailability enhancement. Microemulsion technique was employed to prepare the SLN formulations having varying concentrations of poloxamer 188, which were subsequently subjected to various in vitro and in vivo evaluations to study their release pattern. On increasing the percentage concentration of poloxamer 188, the bioavailability decreased from 4.91- to 2.84-fold after intraduodenal administration in the male Wister rat. It could be attributed to the increase in particle size as well as reduction in hydrophobicity of SLNs. As indicated by pharmacokinetic data, the AUC(0-t) of all three (SLN) formulations (6.27 +/- 0.24 microgh/mL with FZ-1, 4.13 +/- 0.11 microgh/mL with FZ-2, and 3.63 +/- 0.10 microgh/mL with FZ-3) were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than that of carvedilol suspension (1.27 +/- 0.23 microgh/mL). These findings augur well with the possibility of enhancement of the oral bioavailability of drug, via the lymphatic system bypassing hepatic first pass metabolism.
Improved geometry reconstruction and uncertainty evaluation for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) scatterometry based on maximum likelyhood estimation (2011)

The task of solving the inverse problem of scatterometry is considered. As a non-imaging indirect optical metrology method the goal of scatterometry is, e.g., to reconstruct the absorber line profiles of lithography masks, i.e., profile parameters such as line width, line height, and side-wall angle (SWA), from the measured diffracted light pattern and to estimate their associated uncertainties. The impact of an appropriate choice of the statistical model for the input data on the reconstructed profile parameters is demonstrated for EUV masks, where light with wavelengths of about 13.5 nm is applied. The maximum likelihood method is proposed to determine more reliable estimations of all model parameters, including the sought profile dimensions. Finally, this alternative approach is applied to EUV measurement data and the results are compared to those obtained by a conventional analysis.
Detection of homologous recombination between yeast artificial chromosomes with overlapping inserts (1991)

We have developed a system which facilitates the detection of recombination between Yeast Artificial Chromosomes (YAC's) carrying homologous inserts. The system consists of a classical YAC vector, a new YAC vector and two appropriately labelled yeast strains of opposite mating type. The new YAC vector differs in markers from the canonical YAC vector. To test whether homologous recombination takes place, phage lambda DNA was cloned in the two vectors to provide a region of homology. The two constructs were then introduced into yeast strains of opposite mating type in which the endogenous genes for the selective markers present in the vectors are not expressed. Artificial chromosomes obtained by meiotic recombination are detected in the spores resulting from the mating.
rBAT-b<sup>0,+</sup>AT heterodimer is the main apical reabsorption system for cystine in the kidney (2002)

Mutations in the rBAT and b(0,+)AT genes cause type I and non-type I cystinuria, respectively. The disulfide-linked rBAT-b(0,+)AT heterodimer mediates high-affinity transport of cystine and dibasic amino acids (b(0,+)-like activity) in heterologous cell systems. However, the significance of this heterodimer for cystine reabsorption is unknown, as direct evidence for such a complex in vivo is lacking and the expression patterns of rBAT and b(0,+)AT along the proximal tubule are opposite. We addressed this issue by biochemical means. Western blot analysis of mouse and human kidney brush-border membranes showed that rBAT and b(0,+)AT were solely expressed as heterodimers of identical size and that both proteins coprecipitated. Moreover, quantitative immunopurification of b(0,+)AT followed by SDS-PAGE and mass spectrometry analysis established that b(0,+)AT heterodimerizes exclusively with rBAT. Together with cystine reabsorption data, our results demonstrate that a decreasing expression gradient of heterodimeric rBAT-b(0,+)AT along the proximal tubule is responsible for virtually all apical cystine reabsorption. As a corollary of the above, there should be an excess of rBAT expression over that of b(0,+)AT protein in the kidney. Indeed, complete immunodepletion of b(0,+)AT did not coprecipitate >20-30% of rBAT. Therefore, another rBAT-associated subunit may be present in latter parts of the proximal tubule.
Changes in pH of Milk During Freezing and Frozen Storage (1961)

Summary Measurement of pH during freezing and frozen storage of pasteurized and raw milk and of raw milk with added calcium, phosphate, and citrate showed that marked pH changes occurred in frozen milk. During slow freezing, the pH of milk decreased to values as low as 5.8, whereas little change in pH occurred during fast freezing. During storage at −7° C. as well as at −12° C. the pH decreased to a minimum during the first 2 to 3 wk. of storage, and increased gradually thereafter. The pH minimum of pasteurized milk and raw milk with added salt (5.8–6.0) was generally lower than that of raw milk (6.1–6.2). The increase in pH after the pH minimum was reached was more gradual in pasteurized milk and raw milk with added chemicals than in raw milk. Although the amount of precipitated protein was measured simultaneously with pH, the data did not indicate a definite relation between pH changes and protein precipitation.
Different circulatory response to melatonin in postmenopausal women without and with hormone replacement therapy (2000)

In young men and women, melatonin influences vascular reactivity and reduces blood pressure and norepinephrine levels. Herein, we investigated whether these effects are conserved in postmenopausal women without and with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Oral melatonin (1 mg) or placebo was randomly and in double blind fashion administered to 18 untreated and 13 postmenopausal women who were treated continuously with transdermal estradiol (50 microg/day) plus cyclic medroxyprogesterone acetate (5 mg/day x 12 days every 28 days). Internal carotid artery pulsatility index (PI), an index of downstream resistance to blood flow, blood pressure and catecholamine levels were evaluated. In untreated postmenopausal women, melatonin was ineffective, while in HRT-treated women, studied during the only estrogenic phase, melatonin reduced, within 90 min, systolic (-8.1 +/- 9.9 mmHg; P = 0.054), diastolic (-5.0 +/- 7.0 mmHg; P = 0.049) and mean (- 6.0 +/- 6.6 mmHg; P = 0.037) blood pressure. Norepinephrine (-50.1 +/- 66.7 pg/mL; P = 0.019), but not epinephrine levels, were also significantly reduced. Similarly, resistance to blood flow in the internal carotid artery, as evaluated by the PI, decreased (-0.190 +/- 0.15; P = 0.0006) in a way that was linearly related to pre-existing PI values (r2 = 0.5; P = 0.0059). These data show that the circulatory response to melatonin is conserved in postmenopausal women on HRT but not in untreated postmenopausal women. Possible physiological and pharmacological implications of these data on the cardiovascular risk of postmenopausal women can be envisioned.
Mechanisms of thrombocytopenia in chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura. Evidence of both impaired platelet production and increased platelet clearance. (1987)

Mechanisms of thrombocytopenia were studied in 38 patients with mild to moderately severe chronic autoimmune thrombocytopenia (AITP). 51Cr and 111In-labeled autologous platelet turnover studies and in vitro analysis of committed megakaryocyte progenitors (CFU-Meg) were used as independent measures of platelet production. Autologous 111In-labeled platelet localization studies were performed to assess platelet clearance. Although there was no increase in the frequency of marrow CFU-Meg, a specific increase in the CFU-Meg [3H]TdR suicide rate was seen which was inversely correlated with the platelet count (P less than 0.001). Platelet turnover studies showed significant numbers of patients had inappropriate thrombopoietic responses to their reduced platelet counts. Platelet-associated antibody levels correlated inversely with platelet turnover suggesting that antiplatelet antibody impairs platelet production. The circulating platelet count was best predicted by an index relating platelet production (i.e., turnover) to the spleen-liver platelet clearance that correlated directly with platelet survival (P less than 0.001). In summary, both depressed platelet production and increased platelet clearance by the liver and spleen contribute to the thrombocytopenia of AITP.
<scp>d</scp>-serine and schizophrenia: an update (2012)

Considering the lengthy history of pharmacological treatment of schizophrenia, the development of novel antipsychotic agents targeting the glutamatergic system is relatively new. A glutamatergic deficit has been proposed to underlie many of the symptoms typically observed in schizophrenia, particularly the negative and cognitive symptoms (which are less likely to respond to current treatments). D-serine is an important coagonist of the glutamate NMDA receptor, and accumulating evidence suggests that D-serine levels and/or activity may be dysfunctional in schizophrenia and that facilitation of D-serine transmission could provide a significant therapeutic breakthrough, especially where conventional treatments have fallen short. A summary of the relevant animal data, as well as genetic studies and clinical trials examining D-serine as an adjunct to standard antipsychotic therapy, is provided in this article. Together, the evidence suggests that research on the next generation of antipsychotic agents should include studies on increasing brain levels of D-serine or mimicking its action on the NMDA receptor.
Noninteracting electronically tunable CCII-based current-mode biquadratic filters (1997)

A complete state variable biquadratic filter built by CCIIs with variable current gain is presented and analysed. All the coefficients of the filter can be independently tuned through the variable current gain factors of the current conveyors. The authors propose fundamental techniques for the circuit implementation of the filter from the state variable block diagram. Design criteria to minimise the influence of the current conveyors' parasitic elements on the filter performance are presented. Based on the principles upon which the general biquadratic filter was constructed, a universal filter is proposed which implements the low-pass, high-pass, band-pass, band-reject and all-pass second order transfer functions simultaneously. Experimental measurements using Senani's current conveyor as well as PSPICE simulation using Surakampontorn's CCII were very close to theoretical values.
Adaptive workflow scheduling under resource allocation constraints and network dynamics (2008)

Workflow concepts are well suited for scenarios where many distributed entities work collaboratively together to achieve a common goal. Today, workflows are mostly used as computerized model for business processes executed in instances in commercial Workflow Management Systems. However, there are many other application domains where computer-supported cooperative work can be captured and organized by workflows. In this paper, we investigate the task of scheduling workflows in self-organizing wireless networks for disaster scenarios. Most research work in the field of workflow scheduling has been driven by temporal and causality constraints. We present an adaptive scheduling algorithm that finds a suitable execution sequence for workflow activities by additionally considering resource allocation constraints and dynamic topology changes. Our approach utilizes a multi-stage distribution algorithm which we extend with techniques to cope with network dynamics.
Mastering Windows 3.1 (1992)

Master the latest Internet features - Web connections, Internet Explorer, the Active Desktop, NetMeeting, and much more; customize your PC's look, and optimize it for speed and power; through coverage of basic, intermediate and advanced Windows 98 topics.
A New Interpretation Model for Fracture-Callbration Treatments (1998)

Summary This paper introduces an interpretation model for fracture-calibration tests conducted in both low- and high-permeability reservoirs. The model is based on a detailed description of fluid flow into the porous medium with considerations of variable filtercake, non-Newtonian invasion effects, and superposition of fracture pressure. The leakoff rate is determined by the pressure profile instead of presumption of leakoff mode. This work, incorporating mass balance with principles of fluid and solid mechanics, provides a straight-line technique for determining formation permeability and fracture filtercake resistance. The determined pressure drops from the fracture face into the reservoir allow the separate computation of the compressibility-controlled component of leakoff and the combined filtercake and non-Newtonian invasion components. Leakoff is pressure-dependent. Case studies of actual treatments are provided to demonstrate the new model and its interpretation. Comparisons are made to elucidate the similarities and differences between the traditional method and the new method. The new method accounts for fluid leakoff more accurately, allows for better fracturing design, and is particularly attractive for the tip screenout fracturing (frac-pack) treatments conducted in medium-to-high permeability formations.