gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low-Complexity Optimal Detection for Hybrid Space-Time Block Coding and Spatial Multiplexing (2006)

The combination of space-time block codes (STBC) and spatial multiplexing (SM) schemes has the advantages of diversity gain and high data rate. For such STBC/SM hybrid systems, we propose a new detector based on the block structure of STBC and the sphere decoder (SD). By employing the SD, optimal detection is performed with computational complexity much less than the brute-force maximum likelihood (ML) search. Simulation results show that the new decoder significantly outperforms the previously developed zero-forcing (ZF) group/STBC detector, the minimum mean square error (MMSE) group/STBC detector, and the MMSE and ML detectors for equivalent SM systems.
Covid-19 in Critically Ill Patients in the Seattle Region — Case Series (2020)

During the first 3 weeks of the Covid-19 outbreak in the Seattle area, the most common reasons for admission to the ICU were hypoxemic respiratory failure leading to mechanical ventilation, hypotension requiring vasopressor treatment, or both. Mortality among these critically ill patients was high. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health.).
A taxonomy of DFA-based string processors (2006)

A range of implementation strategies of DFA-based string recognizers is suggested. The strategies are associated with parameters which modify the implementation of conventional DFA implementations (table-driven and hardcoded). These parameters are used to provide a formal characterization of DFA-based string recognizers. Various instantiations of these parameters correspond to various DFA-based string processing algorithms. The algorithms derived are further classified, based on the refinement of some of them, resulting in a taxonomy tree. The tree will form the basis for further studies on the design and implementation of DFA-based string processors.
Deep Label Distribution Learning for Apparent Age Estimation (2015)

In the age estimation competition organized by ChaLearn, apparent ages of images are provided. Uncertainty of each apparent age is induced because each image is labeled by multiple individuals. Such uncertainty makes this age estimation task different from common chronological age estimation tasks. In this paper, we propose a method using deep CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) with distribution-based loss functions. Using distributions as the training tasks can exploit the uncertainty induced by manual labeling to learn a better model than using ages as the target. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first attempts to use the distribution as the target of deep learning. In our method, two kinds of deep CNN models are built with different architectures. After pre-training each deep CNN model with different datasets as one corresponding stream, the competition dataset is then used to fine-tune both deep CNN models. Moreover, we fuse the results of two streams as the final predicted ages. In the final testing dataset provided by competition, the age estimation performance of our method is 0.3057, which is significantly better than the human-level performance (0.34) provided by the competition organizers.
Loss of IL-15 receptor α alters the endurance, fatigability, and metabolic characteristics of mouse fast skeletal muscles (2011)

IL-15 receptor α (IL-15Rα) is a component of the heterotrimeric plasma membrane receptor for the pleiotropic cytokine IL-15. However, IL-15Rα is not merely an IL-15 receptor subunit, as mice lacking either IL-15 or IL-15Rα have unique phenotypes. IL-15 and IL-15Rα have been implicated in muscle phenotypes, but a role in muscle physiology has not been defined. Here, we have shown that loss of IL-15Rα induces a functional oxidative shift in fast muscles, substantially increasing fatigue resistance and exercise capacity. IL-15Rα-knockout (IL-15Rα-KO) mice ran greater distances and had greater ambulatory activity than controls. Fast muscles displayed fatigue resistance and a slower contractile phenotype. The molecular signature of these muscles included altered markers of mitochondrial biogenesis and calcium homeostasis. Morphologically, fast muscles had a greater number of muscle fibers, smaller fiber areas, and a greater ratio of nuclei to fiber area. The alterations of physiological properties and increased resistance to fatigue in fast muscles are consistent with a shift toward a slower, more oxidative phenotype. Consistent with a conserved functional role in humans, a genetic association was found between a SNP in the IL15RA gene and endurance in athletes stratified by sport. Therefore, we propose that IL-15Rα has a role in defining the phenotype of fast skeletal muscles in vivo.
Effects of paroxetine on human sleep. (1986)

In a first double-blind, balanced order study, 12 subjects, mean age 57 years, took placebos at bedtime on 2 nights, paroxetine 15 mg on 2 nights and paroxetine 30 mg on 2 nights. In a second study, 12 subjects, mean age 56 years, took placebos on 2 mornings and paroxetine 30 mg on 2 mornings. Electrophysiological measures of all-night sleep were made on each night subsequent to medication. Paroxetine caused more frequent awakenings, reduced total sleep and strongly suppressed REM sleep, especially the 30 mg dosage. When it had been taken in the morning, paroxetine additionally delayed sleep onset and increased slow-wave sleep.
Structural Predictors of Tie Formation in Twitter: Transitivity and Mutuality (2010)

New ties are often formed between people who already have friends in common. Though the social sciences have addressed the effects of existing structural patterns on the formation of new ties, less attention has been given to ties in directed networks. Drawing from the microblogging service Twitter, we conducted a web-based experiment in which subjects were asked to rate their interest in forming ties to other people, blind to existing network connections between them. We show that two structural characteristics, transitivity and mutuality, are significant predictors of the desire to form new ties. Our findings shed light on tie formation, especially in online networks.
Scattering matrix approach for frequency and time domain crosstalk analysis in multilayer PCBs (1995)

The problem of crosstalk evaluation among PCB traces in a multilayer structure is studied by means of an\nS-matrix technique. Two bundles of parallel lines, perpendicularly crossing on different layers, are analysed,\nand this complex structure is decomposed into subsystems, each of them characterised by its S matrix. The\nelementary subsystems consist of bundles of parallel lines and crosses of two lines. A particular algorithm,\ndeveloped to number the ports of each subsystem, allows one to easily recognise the interconnected ports and\nthe external ports (I/O ports), to achieve the S matrix of the overall structure in terms of the I/O ports. The\napplication of this technique to a 3×3 and a 7×7 configuration shows a good agreement between theoretical\nand experimental results. Finally, the analysis in the frequency domain is extended to the time domain by a\nstandard FFT algorithm, and, as an example, an ESD current flowing along a line is examined, as well as its\ncoupling toward an adjacent and crossing line.
Rotating ring–disc electrode study of the enhanced oxygen evolution on an activated ruthenium electrode (1990)

The relationship between stability and electrocatalytic efficiency for the oxygen evolution reaction and ruthenium dissolution in 0.5 mol dm–3 H2SO4 was determined using a rotating ring–disc electrode. Two different types of ruthenium electrode were used: one with ruthenium freshly electrodeposited on platinum and the other electrochemically activated by square-wave pulses from –0.2 V to +0.85 V vs. SCE. Both exhibited different electrocatalytic properties and current efficiencies for ruthenium dissolution. It was shown that the enhanced electrocatalytic efficiency of the activated electrode was 86% electrocatalytic. Both types of electrode were stable during potentiodynamic oxide formation and oxide reduction; the significant dissolution of ruthenium took place only at high positive potentials accompanied by oxygen evolution.
Preference for Japanese complexion color under illumination (1997)

To find the chromaticity coordinates of the “Preferred Complexion of Japanese Woman” under illumination, subjective estimation experiments were conducted on the complexions of 3 female models under each of 40 colors of illumination. The chromaticity coordinates of “Preferred Complexion” for each model were about the same together. The average chromaticity coordinates of 3 female models were (u′, v′) = (0.2425, 0.4895) under the standard illuminant D65. The “Preferred Complexion of Japanese Woman” in this experiment was compared with the “Preferred Complexion of Caucasian Woman” studied by Sanders. The “Preferred Complexion of Japanese Woman” was shifted to a slightly higher saturation and reddish in hue, compared with the actual complexion of “Japanese Woman.” On the other hand, the “Preferred Complexion of Caucasian Woman” was orange in hue, the same as the actual complexion of “Caucasian Woman.” The color shift of saturation of the “Caucasian Woman” was 3.5 times as large as that of the “Japanese Woman.” © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 22, 269–274, 1997
A 115 mW CMOS GPS receiver (2002)

The Global Positioning System (GPS) provides accurate positioning and timing information that is useful in many applications. In particular, portable consumer GPS applications require cheap compact low-power receivers. This 115 mW receiver, implemented in an analog 0.5 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, comprises the entire radio-frequency (RF) and analog sections in addition to the local oscillator (LO) frequency synthesizer and a pair of oversampled A/D converters.
Fast and robust 3D <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> mapping using spiral encoding and steady RF excitation at 7 T: application to cardiac manganese enhanced MRI (MEMRI) in mice (2015)

Mapping longitudinal relaxation times in 3D is a promising quantitative and non-invasive imaging tool to assess cardiac remodeling. Few methods are proposed in the literature allowing us to perform 3D T1 mapping. These methods often require long scan times and use a low number of 3D images to calculate T1 . In this project, a fast 3D T1 mapping method using a stack-of-spirals sampling scheme and regular RF pulse excitation at 7 T is presented. This sequence, combined with a newly developed fitting procedure, allowed us to quantify T1 of the whole mouse heart with a high spatial resolution of 208 × 208 × 315 µm(3) in 10-12 min acquisition time. The sensitivity of this method for measuring T1 variations was demonstrated on mouse hearts after several injections of manganese chloride (doses from 25 to 150 µmol kg(-1) ). T1 values were measured in vivo in both pre- and post-contrast experiments. This protocol was also validated on ischemic mice to demonstrate its efficiency to visualize tissue damage induced by a myocardial infarction. This study showed that combining spiral gradient shape and steady RF excitation enabled fast and robust 3D T1 mapping of the entire heart with a high spatial resolution.
A proposal of HIR (human-oriented image restructuring) system for ITS (2002)

We discuss the problems of AHS and propose a new HIR system that aims to solve the problems of AHS. HIR is a human-assisting system in which we integrate and restructure images to make them helpful. The main feature of the proposed system is that it is human, not the mechanical cars, that recognizes the situation and controls the car; and for that purpose, we only generate and show easy-to-understand images for human. The process is first to integrate and restructure numerous camera images, such as cars and roads, from all driving environment and non-image information like the vehicle information and communication systems information. It then selects the most important information according to the situation and shows it in the form of "image". We also present examples of the proposed driver-assisting images in several situations to demonstrate the effectiveness of the integrated and restructured images.
Formulating for efficacy (2004)

Active ingredients have been around in cosmetics for a long time but have they really resulted in active cosmetic products? In order to achieve this, the right ingredient needs to be delivered to the right location at the right concentration for the correct period of time and the extent (and therefore the concentration) of this delivery depends on the formulation. From a rather theoretical approach based on the polarity of the active ingredient, the stratum corneum and the oil phase, the relative polarity index was established that enables the selection of a suitable emollient for ensuring skin penetration of the active ingredient. Practical examples subsequently show the validity of this approach that demonstrates that one can regulate the delivery of an active molecule (and therefore the efficacy of a cosmetic formulation) by selection and control of the emollient system. Cosmetic formulations are generally quite complex mixtures and subsequent experiments using different emulsifier systems indicated that this component of a cosmetic formulation could also have an impact on steering the active ingredient to the right layer of the skin, although it is too early to be able to derive general rules from this.
Experimental Investigations on the Interaction of the Single/Co-Rotating Vortex with the Ground (2018)

Experiments on the interactions between a single vortex/co-rotating vortices and the ground were conducted in a water channel using particle image velocimetry (PIV) measurements. Both the single vortex (SNV) and co-rotating vortex pair (CVP) were generated by using NACA0012 vortex generators to simulate the main flow features behind one side of the wings at the farfield and near field. The ground effect was achieved by allocating a flat plate downstream of the vortex generators. It has been found that the lower initial vortex height led to greater vortex rebound and lateral drift in both the SNV and CVP cases, whereas the development of a secondary vortex was also promoted with lower initial vortex height. In the CVP cases, the mutual rotation of the primary vortices led to variation of the close-to-wall velocity distribution. This effect added the disturbances to the formation and evolution of the secondary vortical structure, which eventually affected the height of the secondary vorticity and the rebound of the primary vortices.
Correction: The Langmuir‐Blodgett Approach to Making Colloidal Photonic Crystals from Silica Spheres (2010)

The authors have requested to update the captions of Figures 11 and 12 to credit the efforts of Dr. Sergei Romanov: Figure 11. Metallodielectric structures and their reflection spectra (d 3 is the thickness of each individual gold film prepared by thermal evaporation in vacuo)). The structures shown in the schematic were fabricated by one of the authors (M. Bardosova) together with A. Fokin (Ioffe Institute, St. Petersburg, Russia). The spectra are courtesy of Sergei G. Romanov (University of Erlangen-Nuremberg; Germany), who originally proposed the study of these structures. Figure 12. Transmission/Reflection spectra for metallodielectric systems with different thicknesses of gold layers d1 < d2 < d3. Red curve is reflection spectrum from a plain 15-layers thick LB film. Spectra are courtesy of S. G. Romanov.
Increased release of tumor necrosis factor‐alpha and interleukin‐6 in women with the syndrome of hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count (1996)

Since cytokine release occurs in severe preeclampsia, inflammatory mechanisms may participate in the pathophysiology of severe preeclampsia.
Feedback control of selective laser melting (2007)

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) is a powder bed based Rapid Manufacturing (RM) process in which parts are built by selective melting of layers of powders by means of a laser source. The main advantage of this technique is the possibility of making very complex and custom made pieces in a rather fast way. In this paper a feedback control system for Selective Laser Melting is presented. A feedback control system with a highspeed CMOS camera and a photodiode has been installed on the SLM-machine developed at K.U. Leuven-PMA. Both sensors were used independently to keep the melt pool area constant, especially in the case of scanning overhanging structures in which the melt pool would become very large. First motivation for the feedback system and the outline of the feedback system will be described. Next case studies are presented, in which both the photodiode as the CMOS camera have been used to control the SLM - process. Clearly, the feedback control system can improve the surface quality of the lower surface of the overhang. © 2008 Taylor & Francis Group.
Halide exchange and surface modification of metal halide perovskite nanocrystals with alkyltrichlorosilanes (2018)

Metal halide perovskite nanocrystals have recently emerged as promising materials for light emitting displays and lasing applications due to their narrow emission wavelengths, high photoluminescence quantum yields, and readily adjustable emission wavelengths. For these metal halide perovskite nanocrystals to be useful in commercial applications, their stability must be increased and the photoluminescence quantum yields of the iodide (red emitting) and chloride (blue emitting) containing derivatives must also be increased. The photoluminescence quantum yields of blue emitting CsPbCl3 nanoparticles lag behind those of green emitting CsPbBr3 nanoparticles, with maximum photoluminescence quantum yields of 1-10% previously reported for CsPbCl3 as compared to 80-100% for CsPbBr3. Herein, we show that alkyltrichlorosilanes (R-SiCl3) can be used as Cl-sources for rapid anion exchange with host CsPbBr3 nanocrystals. This anion exchange reaction is advantageous in that it can be performed at room temperature and results in highly dispersible nanoparticles coated with siloxane shells. CsPbCl3 nanoparticles produced through Cl-exchange with R-SiCl3 show significantly improved long-term stability and high photoluminescence quantum yields of up to 12%. These siloxane coated nanocrystals are even stable in the presence of water, whereas CsPbCl3 nanoparticles synthesized through other routes rapidly degrade in the presence of water.
Single photons on demand from 3D photonic band-gap structures (2005)

We describe a practical implementation of a (semi-deterministic) photon gun based on stimulated Raman adiabatic passage pumping and the strong enhancement of the photonic density of states in a photonic band-gap material. We show that this device allows deterministic and unidirectional production of single photons with a high repetition rate of the order of 100 kHz. We also discuss specific 3D photonic micro-structure architectures in which our model can be realized and the feasibility of implementing such a device using Er3+ ions that produce single photons at the telecommunication wavelength of 1.55 μm. © EDP Sciences.
Optimization of Mud Cleanup for Openhole Horizontal Wells (2000)

Summary Successful completion of openhole horizontal wells requires removal of potential impairment from the near wellbore and formation face. Impairment can reduce well productivity and lead to failure of sand control screens due to plugging and erosion. Shell has adopted the practice in the Gulf of Mexico of employing drill-in fluids with acid-soluble bridging and weighting agents for all openhole drilling and extensive displacement and acid cleanup procedures during horizontal well completions. Drill-in fluid and filtercakes are removed with specially formulated sweeps and by attainment of sufficient velocity to achieve effective displacement. Filtercakes are removed with specially formulated washes applied using washcups or coil tubing to ensure that the cleanup formulations contact the filtercake materials. Drill-in fluids and cleanup systems must be specially formulated and evaluated for specific applications. We have adopted a suite of laboratory screening tests to evaluate formation damage and removal chemistries to ensure that each well is effectively cleaned. These tests can also be used to evaluate new fluid systems before taking them to the field. Our approach in this instance is to compare data from new fluids to results obtained with fluids with which we have a successful field track record. In this article we will review these procedures and the results with a variety of fluid systems.
Performance of an RCPC-coded OFDM-based digital audio broadcasting (DAB) system (2002)

A system proposal for DAB is investigated. The kernel is orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) with 4-DPSK (differential phase shift keying) modulation, rectangular pulse-shaping, and a guard interval to reject multipath distortions. Emphasis is on the use of source-adapted channel coding with rate-compatible punctured convolutional (RCPC) codes. Based on analytical and simulated BER (bit error rate) curves for several propagation conditions and on preliminary source significance information (SSI), a static code design with unequal error protection (UEP) is presented that also takes auxiliary data services into account. The gain due to UEP is on the order of 8dB in signal power or 25% in bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Residuals and Influence in the Multivariate Linear Model (1987)

Regression diagnostics for the multivariate linear model are developed along the lines of the theory for the linear model with univariate response. Internally and externally studentised forms of residuals are given and their distributions found. Distance measures suitable for the assessment of the influence of particular cases on the estimated regression coefficients are considered. The examination of residuals and influence statistics is of great importance in assessing a regression model. Cook & Weisberg (1982) provide an extensive discussion of relevant methods for the linear model with a single response variable. The purpose of the present note is to apply these ideas to the multivariate linear regression problem. Although ordinary least squares estimates of regression coefficients are the same in the multivariate and univariate analyses, there are obvious reasons for carrying out the multivariate analysis to consider simultaneously the different re- sponse variables. One is the possibility that the residual for one response variable in a particular case may not seem to be out of the ordinary in relation to other residuals for that response, but only in relation to the residuals for other responses on the same case. Another is that we may be interested in specifically multivariate aspects of the data. For example, in the problem that prompted this investigation, the main item of interest was the matrix of inter-correlations between five indicators of pollution from sampling stations in the Aegean Sea. This was calculated as the matrix of correlations between the residuals from the regressions of the indicators on covariates including temperature and pH of the seawater. Correlations are particularly vulnerable to distortion by outlying values (Gnanadesikan & Kettenring, 1972), so examination of the multivariate residuals to protect against this was essential. In the following two sections, multivariate residuals and influence measures are presented. Section 4 outlines an application to illustrate the usefulness of the method-