gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Panitumumab in the management of patients with KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (2013)

The past 15 years has seen a marked increase in available therapeutic options for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer resulting in improvements in median survival from 12 to 24 months. One of these new options is panitumumab, which is a fully humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor of tumor cells and inhibits downstream cell signaling with antitumor effects of inhibition of tumor growth, induction of apoptosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. Large randomized clinical trials have demonstrated significant improvements in tumor response rates and progression-free survival when panitumumab is combined with chemotherapy and as monotherapy in chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer. Clinical benefit with panitumumab is limited to patients with nonmutated KRAS tumors. Rash is a common toxicity of panitumumab treatment but can potentially be ameliorated with the use of prophylactic strategies. The role of panitumumab in the overall treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer is evolving and future clinical trials will focus on improved patient selection through use of novel predictive biomarkers, and the optimal timing of treatment.
Collecting High Resistivity Dusts and Fumes (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCollecting High Resistivity Dusts and FumesWayne T. SproullCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1955, 47, 5, 940–944Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50545a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50545a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views24Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Salt restriction induces pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 in mice expressing low levels of the β-subunit of the amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (1999)

The amiloride-sensitive epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a heteromultimer of three homologous subunits (α-, β-, and γ-subunits). To study the role of the β-subunit in vivo , we analyzed mice in which the βENaC gene locus was disrupted. These mice showed low levels of βENaC mRNA expression in kidney (≈1%), lung (≈1%), and colon (≈4%). In homozygous mutant βENaC mice, no βENaC protein could be detected with immunofluorescent staining. At birth, there was a small delay in lung-liquid clearance that paralleled diminished amiloride-sensitive Na + absorption in tracheal explants. With normal salt intake, these mice showed a normal growth rate. However, in vivo , adult βENaC m/m mice exhibited a significantly reduced ENaC activity in colon and elevated plasma aldosterone levels, suggesting hypovolemia and pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1. This phenotype was clinically silent, as βENaC m/m mice showed no weight loss, normal plasma Na + and K + concentrations, normal blood pressure, and a compensated metabolic acidosis. On low-salt diets, βENaC-mutant mice developed clinical symptoms of an acute pseudohypoaldosteronism type 1 (weight loss, hyperkalemia, and decreased blood pressure), indicating that βENaC is required for Na + conservation during salt deprivation.
Antibacterial Susceptibility of Bovine‐mastitis Pathogens Tested Directly in Milk from Infected Quarters (1994)

Antibacterial susceptibilities of bovine-mastitis pathogens were analysed directly in 57 mastitic milk samples without inoculation with exogenous organisms. Aseptically collected milk was mixed with serial dilutions of antibacterials and the growth was observed using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction the following day. The results were compared with those obtained by using calibrated bacterial inocula in turbidimetric minimum-inhibitory-concentration (MIC) determination in broth cultures, and in TTC-broth culture-test and TTC-normal milk-test. The results of different methods all correlated positively when the entire data was used. However, taking the direct test in mastitic milk as the 'true' result, the total discrepancies varied from 34.7% to 48.8%. Antibacterial activities of the trimethoprim-sulphadoxine combination, and of spiramycin and ampicillin, decreased significantly when nutrient broth was replaced by milk as the test medium. The efficacy of trimethoprim-sulphadoxine as an antibacterial agent was also dependent on the source of milk.
A packet-size aware adaptive routing algorithm for parallel transmission server system (2002)

This paper describes a routing algorithm that assigns each arriving packet to one of multiple homogeneous parallel servers. The algorithm differs from existing routing policies in that it considers the impact of each arriving packet's size on the average packet delay. The algorithm is based on mimic optimal routing, which was derived from numerical solutions to a packet assignment problem. It works under the condition that the inter-arrival time and packet-size distributions are unknown, but a distribution set to which these two distributions belong is known in advance. The algorithm calculates statistics, such as means of these distributions, from input traffic, so it works under dynamic input traffic, where such distributions vary with time.
A Formulation of Fuzzy Automata and Its Application as a Model of Learning Systems (1969)

Based on the concept of fuzzy sets defined by Zadeh, a class of fuzzy automata is formulated similar to Mealy's formulation of finite automata. A fuzzy automaton behaves in a deterministic fashion. However, it has many properties similar to that of stochastic automata. Its application as a model of learning systems is discussed. A nonsupervised learning scheme in automatic control and pattern recognition is proposed with computer simulation results presented. An advantage of employing fuzzy automaton as a learning model is its simplicity in design and computation.
Active shape model segmentation with optimal features (2002)

An active shape model segmentation scheme is presented that is steered by optimal local features, contrary to normalized first order derivative profiles, as in the original formulation [Cootes and Taylor, 1995, 1999, and 2001]. A nonlinear kNN-classifier is used, instead of the linear Mahalanobis distance, to find optimal displacements for landmarks. For each of the landmarks that describe the shape, at each resolution level taken into account during the segmentation optimization procedure, a distinct set of optimal features is determined. The selection of features is automatic, using the training images and sequential feature forward and backward selection. The new approach is tested on synthetic data and in four medical segmentation tasks: segmenting the right and left lung fields in a database of 230 chest radiographs, and segmenting the cerebellum and corpus callosum in a database of 90 slices from MRI brain images. In all cases, the new method produces significantly better results in terms of an overlap error measure (p < 0.001 using a paired T-test) than the original active shape model scheme.
Micro-Synchrophasors for Power Distribution Monitoring, a Technology Review (2016)

The smart grid revolution is creating a paradigm shift in distribution networks that is marked by new, significant intermittencies and uncertainties in power supply and demand. These developments include the dramatic increase in the adoption of distributed energy resources (DER), electric vehicles, energy storage, and controllable loads. This transformation imposes new challenges on existing distribution infrastructure and system operations for stockholders, engineers, operators and customers. Unfortunately, distribution networks historically lag behind transmission networks in terms of observability, measurement accuracy, and data granularity. The changes in the operation of the electric grid dramatically increase the need for tools to monitor and manage distribution networks in a fast, reliable and accurate fashion. This paper describes the development process of a network of high-precision micro phasor measurement units or uPMUs, beginning with an overview of the uPMU technology that provides synchronous measurements of voltage phase angles, or synchrophasors. Next, the uPMU network and communications infrastructure are discussed, followed by an analysis of potential diagnostic and control applications of uPMU data in the electric grid at the distribution level.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of Optically Active Trans‐Chelating Diphosphine Ligands. Application for Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
A Spectrum-narrowed, Wavelength and Temperature Stabilized Broad Area Laser Using a Subwavelength Resonant Grating Filter Feedback (2006)

In this paper, we demonstrate spectrum narrowing and wavelength stabilization (both thermal and temporal) with a subwavelength resonant grating (SRG) for a single broad area laser (BAL) emitter running at moderate pump current. Our method is simple, low cost and easy to implement. A narrower spectrum width and much higher stability could be achieved on a BAL with antireflective coated front facet. Using the same approach to narrow and stabilize all the emitters on a laser diode array is under way
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1989)

Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) is a valuable tool for the study of myocardial ischemia. Phosphorus (31P) MRS can detect changes in high-energy phosphates resulting from ischemia and has been used to determine the sensitivity of metabolic changes to ischemia as well as to investigate the metabolic factors important for myocardial dysfunction. The mechanisms mediating postischemic dysfunction have been investigated using 31P MRS, as have interventions to limit metabolic and functional damage from ischemia. These investigations have laid the groundwork for human cardiac studies. While abnormalities following myocardial infarction have been shown in man, further work must be performed to reliably acquire localized spectra under conditions of ischemia.
Carbon Arc Image Furnaces (1958)

Various optical systems are discussed with reference to their use with carbon arc image furnaces. A new optical system which employs two elliptical mirrors is described and shown to have numerous practical advantages. Using modifications of motion picture projection lamps, measurements have been made of carbon arc image furnaces ranging up to more than 26-kw power input, producing approximately 3000-watts radiant flux at the image within a circular area of 30 mm diameter, with a center of image irradiance as high as 15 watts per mm2, a flux density equivalent to the radiation from a blackbody at more than 4000°K. Furnaces of lower output and higher efficiency are also described. Comparison with available data indicates carbon arc image furnace performance is essentially equivalent to existing solar furnaces in the 60 to 100-in. diameter range. Possibilities for further improvement of carbon arc image furnaces are also considered.
Demonstration of physicochemical and functional similarity between the proposed biosimilar adalimumab MSB11022 and Humira® (2016)

Biosimilars are biological products that are highly similar to existing products approved by health authorities. Demonstration of similarity starts with the comprehensive analysis of the reference product and its proposed biosimilar at the physicochemical and functional levels. Here, we report the results of a comparative analysis of a proposed biosimilar adalimumab MSB11022 and its reference product, Humira®. Three batches of MSB11022 and up to 23 batches of Humira® were analyzed by a set of state-of-the-art orthogonal methods. Primary and higher order structure analysis included N/C-terminal modifications, molecular weight of heavy and light chains, C-terminal lysine truncation, disulfide bridges, secondary and tertiary structures, and thermal stability. Purity ranged from 98.4%-98.8% for MSB11022 batches (N = 3) and from 98.4%-99.6% for Humira® batches (N = 19). Isoform analysis showed 5 isoform clusters within the pI range of 7.94-9.14 and 100% glycan site occupancy for both MSB11022 and Humira®. Functional analysis included Fab-dependent inhibition of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced cytotoxicity in L929-A9 cell line and affinity to soluble and transmembrane forms of TNF, as well as Fc-dependent binding to Fcγ and neonatal Fc receptors and C1q complement proteins. All tested physicochemical and functional parameters demonstrated high similarity of MSB11022 and Humira®, with lower variability between MSB11022 and Humira® batches compared with variability within individual batches of Humira®. Based on these results, MSB11022 is anticipated to have safety and efficacy comparable to those of Humira®.
Analysis of series capacitor application problems (1937)

IN THE past several years series capacitors for the compensation of line drop in power circuits have found increasing use, <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1–9</sup> because improved and automatic voltage regulation can, in many cases, be obtained more economically by this method than by any other means.
Amphiphilic Functionalized Acupuncture Needle as SERS Sensor for In Situ Multiphase Detection (2018)

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a powerful spectroscopic technique with unique vibrational fingerprints, making it an ideal candidate for in situ multiphase detection. However, it is a great challenge to determine how to guide the SERS sensor to target molecules of interest in multiphase heterogeneous samples with minimal disturbance. Here, we present a portable ultrasensitive and highly repeatable SERS sensor for in situ multiphase detection. The sensor is composed of commercial Ag acupuncture needle and PVP-Au nanoparticles (Au NPs). The PVP on the Au NPs can adsorb and induce the Au NPs into a highly uniform array on the surface of the Ag needle because of its adhesiveness and steric nature. The Au NPs-Ag Needle system (Au-AgN) holds a huge SERS effect, which is enabled by the multiple plasmonic couplings from particle–film and interparticle. The PVP, as the amphiphilic polymer, promotes the target molecules to adsorb on surface of the Au-AgN whether in the oil phase or in the water phase. In this work, the Au-AgN sensor was directly inserted into the multiphase system with the laser in situ detection, and SERS detection at different spots of the Au-AgN sensor provided Raman signal of targets molecule in the different phase. In situ multiphase detection can minimize the disturbance of sampling and provide more accurate information. The facile fabrication and amphiphilic functionalization make Au-AgN sensor as generalized SERS detection platform for on-site testing of aqueous samples, organic samples, even the multiphase heterogeneous samples.
Synthese von methyl‐ und methylenosubstituierten <i>p</i>‐Oligophenylenen durch cokondensierende U<scp>LLMANN</scp>‐Reaktion. 12. Mitt. (1963)

Abstract Es wird ein Syntheseverfahren für p ‐Oligophenylene beschrieben, das eine Variante der ULLMANNschen Biarylverknüpfungsreaktion darstellt. Dabei wird eine bifunktionelle Jodverbindung mit einem größeren Überschuß an einer monofunktionellen Komponente umgesetzt. Dieses als cokondensierende U LLMANN ‐Reaktion bezeichnete Syntheseprinzip, das Ausbeuten von 40–50% d. Th. ergibt, wird eingehend erläutert und die Leistungsfähigkeit an zahlreichen Beispielen belegt. Neben einer Reihe von methylsubstituierten p ‐Oligophenylenen, welche Derivate vom p ‐Terphenyl bis zum p ‐Septiphenyl einschließt, werden auch Oligophenylene mit endständigem oder mittelständigem Fluorenrest als Strukturelement hergestellt. Schmelzpunkt und Löslichkeit der Produkte werden vergleichend diskutiert.
Novel optimum reduced search MLSE decoding algorithm enabling system-aware power savings (2005)

The amount of control signaling required by a wide range of wireless services to reconfigure system and architecture parameters at runtime is expected to increase significantly. Low-power design constraints force the decoding complexity to be kept to a minimum in such "continuous monitoring" scenarios. We propose a novel reduced search concept which can be adapted to MLSE-based algorithms to reduce the processing complexity without altering the communication performance. Power consumption reductions of up to 45% have been observed for TFCI and up to 50% for HS-SCCH (both 3GPP specific) decoding implemented on the ST122 DSP-MCU in a 0.13 /spl mu/m CMOS technology.
Spatiotemporally controlled delivery of soluble factors for stem cell differentiation (2012)

Despite the fact that cells in vivo are largely affected by the spatial heterogeneity in their surroundings, in vitro experimental procedures for stem cell differentiation have been relying on spatially uniform culture environments so far. Here, we present a method to form spatiotemporally non-uniform culture environments for stem cell differentiation using a membrane-based microfluidic device. By adopting a porous membrane with relatively large pores, patterned delivery of soluble factors is maintained stably over a period of time long enough for cell differentiation. We report that spatial patterns of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (miPSCs) differentiation can be controlled by the present method. Furthermore, it is shown that the cell fate decision of miPSCs is determined by time-dependent switching of the delivery pattern. The present technique could be of relevance to the detailed analyses of the characteristics of stem cell differentiation in time and space, opening up a new insight into regenerative biology.
A Graphene‐Based Filament Transistor with Sub‐10 mVdec<sup>−1</sup> Subthreshold Swing (2018)

Abstract There is a growing trend of developing steep slope transistors with subthreshold swing (SS) below 60 mV dec −1 . At present, there are mainly three kinds of steep slope transistors: tunneling transistor, negative capacitance transistor, and nano‐electromechanical relay. Here, a new kind of steep slope transistor named “filament transistor” is proposed with SS down to sub‐10 mV dec −1 . Due to the gate E‐filed can penetrate through the graphene, the gate can effectively control the filament formation/rupture inside the 5 nm AlO x with very steep slope. In reverse sweep, the gate can induce the filament formation with SS down to 4.6 mV dec −1 . In forward sweep, the gate can break the filament with SS down to 12.2 mV dec −1 . Taking the advantages of nanofilament, the filament transistor holds a great potential to scaling down to 5 nm without performance changing.
Phase diagram of aqueous solutions of (hydroxypropyl)cellulose (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhase diagram of aqueous solutions of (hydroxypropyl)celluloseSuzie Fortin and Gerard CharletCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 5, 2286–2292Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00195a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00195a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1146Altmetric-Citations113LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>: A Community Health Threat (2010)

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), one of the most common causes of infections, has been traditionally recognized as a nosocomial pathogen. However, in recent years, its epidemiology has radically changed, being now observed even more frequently in the community, and accounting for > 50% of staphylococcal infections in the US outpatient setting. Community-acquired (CA)-MRSA strains typically cause infections among otherwise healthy individuals, with risk factors differing from those of nosocomial MRSA. The clinical manifestations may range from a furuncle to life-threatening infections, such as necrotizing fasciitis and pneumonia. The antibiotic treatment of these infections may also differ because CA-MRSA strains often retain susceptibility to antimicrobials other than glycopeptides and newer agents. Moreover, the production of toxins, such as the Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL), should influence the antibiotic choice because in these cases the use of a combination therapy with antimicrobial agents able to decrease toxin production is suggested. There are still many unanswered key questions regarding the epidemiology, prevention, and treatment of CA-MRSA infections. This article reviews current knowledge of CA-MRSA.