gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Costimulatory Molecules and Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases (2002)

At least two signals for proliferation and cytokine secretion by T-cells are required. The first signal is delivered through the interaction of the T-cell receptor with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules expressed on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC). The second or costimulatory signal is delivered by cell surface molecules expressed by APC. The interaction of B7.1/B7.2 with CD28 provide the most potent costimulatory signal for T-cell activation. CD40 antigen and its ligand (CD40L) have been shown to play a major role in regulating both humoral and cellular immune responses. In autoimmune thyroid diseases autoantigen presentation could be provided by "professional" APC, such as dendritic cells, as well as "nonprofessional" APC, such as thyroid follicular cells (TFC). In fact, these cells aberrantly express MHC class II molecules in Graves' disease (GD) and Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), together with large amounts of MHC class I antigens: moreover, the expression of CD40 on TFC, has been demonstrated. On the other hand B7.1 has been demonstrated in HT, but not in GD TFC. This could provide in HT a local costimulatory signal for T-cell differentiation towards a type 1 cytokine secretion pattern and also result in rescue from apoptosis of infiltrating lymphocytes. The presence of ICAM-1 on the surface of HT TFC may further strengthen contact and facilitate cross-signaling between T-cells and TFC. In contrast, the absence of B7 and ICAM-1 antigens in most GD TFC may more easily be associated with anergy and apoptosis of infiltrating T-cells, preventing the perpetuation and expansion of a "destructive" autoimmune reaction.
Nickel‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of <i>o</i>‐Carboranyl with Aryl Iodides: Facile Synthesis of 1‐Aryl‐<i>o</i>‐Carboranes and 1,2‐Diaryl‐<i>o</i>‐Carboranes (2015)

A nickel-catalyzed arylation at the carbon center of o-carborane cages has been developed, thus leading to the preparation of a series of 1-aryl-o-carboranes and 1,2-diaryl-o-carboranes in high yields upon isolation. This method represents the first example of transition metal catalyzed C,C'-diarylation by cross-coupling reactions of o-carboranyl with aryl iodides.
Ablation of the SERCA3 gene alters epithelium-dependent relaxation in mouse tracheal smooth muscle (1999)

Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase 3 (SERCA3), an isoform of the intracellular Ca(2+) pump that has been shown to mediate endothelium-dependent relaxation of vascular smooth muscle, is also expressed in tracheal epithelium. To determine its possible role in regulation of airway mechanical function, we compared tracheal contractility in gene-targeted mice deficient in SERCA3 (SERCA3(-)) with that in wild-type tracheae. Cumulative addition of ACh elicited concentration-dependent increases in isometric force (ED(50) = 2 microM, maximum force = 8 mN/mm(2)) that were identical in SERCA3(-) and wild-type tracheae. After ACh stimulation, substance P (SP) elicited a transient relaxation (42.6 +/- 3.2%, n = 28) in both tracheae. However, the rate of relaxation was significantly (P < 0.04, n = 9) more rapid in the wild-type [half-time (t(1/2)) = 34.3 s] than in the SERCA3(-) (t(1/2) = 61.6 s) trachea. The SP relaxation was reduced by rubbing the trachea, indicative of epithelial cell involvement. This was verified using a perfused trachea preparation. SP in the outside medium had no effect, whereas SP in the perfusate bathing the epithelial side elicited a relaxation. Nitric oxide synthase inhibition (0.2 mM N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine) reduced the SP relaxation by 36.5 +/- 12.5%, whereas the SP effect was abolished by eicosanoid inhibition (10 microM indomethacin). ATP also elicited an epithelium-dependent relaxation similar to SP but with a more rapid relaxation in the SERCA3(-) trachea than in the wild-type trachea. Our results indicate that SERCA3 gene ablation does not directly affect smooth muscle, which is consistent with the distribution of the isoform, but suggest that SERCA3 plays a role in epithelial cell modulation of airway smooth muscle function.
Experimental Demonstration of a Direct-Detection Constant Envelope OFDM system (2010)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an optical constant envelope OFDM system based on electrical phase modulation. We transmit 1.4 Gbps data onto 16-QAM symbols in 500 MHz bandwidth. Our system shows good tolerance to the optical modulator intermodulation effects.
Use of rotational transverse magnetometry to measure anisotropy energy (1999)

Rotational transverse magnetometry (RTM) is used to measure the anisotropy field of magnetic thin films. Magnetization reversal during rotation of a two-dimensional isotropic sample in an applied field is discussed. The relation between the transverse magnetization My and the applied field H is solved numerically. An excellent approximation for the transverse magnetization is My/Ms=A(1−H/Hk)2.5, where A=1.1434, and Hk is the anisotropy field. For curve fitting to experimental data, both A and Hk were used as fitting parameters. Comparison between a constructed torque hysteresis method and this vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) RTM method is made theoretically and experimentally. Both results show that the VSM RTM will give a good extrapolation of the anisotropy field, whereas the torque measurement will slightly overestimate it. Anisotropy energy is calculated based on the anisotropy field and saturation magnetization for magnetic thin films.
Homo‐ and Copolymerization of Butadiene Catalyzed by an Bis(imino)pyridyl Vanadium Complex (2004)

Abstract Summary: The bis(imino)pyridyl vanadium( III ) complex [VCl 3 {2,6‐bis[(2,6‐ i Pr 2 C 6 H 3 )NC(Me)] 2 (C 5 H 3 N)}] activated with different aluminium cocatalysts (AlEt 2 Cl, Al 2 Et 3 Cl 3 , MAO) promotes chemoselective 1,4‐polymerization of butadiene with activity values higher than classical vanadium‐chloride‐based catalysts. The polymer structure depends on the nature of the cocatalyst employed. The MAO‐activated complex was also found to be active in ethylene‐butadiene copolymerization, producing copolymers with up to 45 mol‐% of trans ‐1,4‐butadiene. Crystalline polyethylene and trans ‐1,4‐poly(butadiene) segments were detected in these copolymers by DSC and 13 C NMR spectroscopy. image
Emission from dielectric cavities in terms of invariant sets of the chaotic ray dynamics (2009)

The chaotic ray dynamics inside dielectric cavities is described by the properties of an invariant chaotic saddle. The localization of the far-field emission in specific directions, recently observed in different experiments and wave simulations, is found to be a consequence of the filamentary pattern of the saddle's unstable manifold. For cavities with mixed phase space, the chaotic saddle is divided in hyperbolic and nonhyperbolic components, related, respectively, to the intermediate exponential $(t<{t}_{c})$ and the asymptotic power-law $(t>{t}_{c})$ decay of the energy inside the cavity. The alignment of the manifolds of the two components of the saddle explains why even if the energy concentration inside the cavity dramatically changes from $t<{t}_{c}$ to $t>{t}_{c}$, the far-field emission changes only slightly. Simulations in the annular billiard confirm and illustrate the main results.
Optical and electrical properties of amorphous zinc tin oxide thin films examined for thin film transistor application (2008)

Structural, electronic, and optical properties of amorphous and transparent zinc tin oxide films deposited on glass substrates by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) were examined for two chemical compositions of Zn:Sn=1:1 and 2:1 as a function of oxygen partial pressure (PO2) used for the film deposition and annealing temperature. Different from a previous report on sputter-deposited films [Chiang et al., Appl. Phys. Lett. 86, 013503 (2005)], the PLD-deposited films crystallized at a lower temperature &lt;450 °C to give crystalline ZnO and SnO2 phases. The optical band gaps (Tauc gaps) were 2.80−2.85 eV and almost independent of oxygen PO2, which are smaller than those of the corresponding crystals (3.35−3.89 eV). Films deposited at low PO2 showed significant subgap absorptions, which were reduced by postthermal annealing. Hall mobility showed steep increases when carrier concentration exceeded threshold values and the threshold value depended on the film chemical composition. The films deposited at low PO2&lt;2 Pa had low carrier concentrations. It is thought that the low PO2 produced high-density oxygen deficiencies and generated electrons, but these electrons were trapped in localized states, which would be observed as the subgap absorptions. Similar effects were observed for 600 °C crystallized films and their resistivities were increased by formation of subgap states due to the reducing high-temperature condition. High carrier concentrations and large mobilities were obtained in an intermediate PO2 region for the as-deposited films.
CCLXIV.—The chlorination and bromination of the toluic acids and the preparation of the phthalaldehydic acids (1922)

DURING the course of an investigation on ring formation which is in progress, it became necessary to devise methods by means of which 0-, m-, and p-derivatives with varying side chains and especially esters of the type C@,<[CH [CH21z*Co2Et .C02Et could be readily prepared and in quantity. It seemed probable that certain sub-2 Y stances of this type might be obtainable from o-halogen derivatives of the toluic esters by the usual malonic ester synthesis, thus C H <CH2c1 CH2*CH(C02Et)2+ C,H,< CH,*CH,*C 0,E t 6 4 CO,Et '-+C6H4<C02Et
QoS Protection in Cognitive Wireless Mesh Networks (2009)

Cognitive radio exploits unused frequency channels (holes) to increase a communication system's overall capacity. These licensed frequency holes must however be released when their primary users become active. The unpredictable nature of the occupancy of frequency holes by primary users in addition to variability in the quality of wireless channels leads to situations where the promised quality of service (QoS) cannot be guaranteed solely by using traditional mechanisms, i.e. call admission control, bandwidth reservation, queue management and packet scheduling. We develop here an architecture which extends the failure protection mechanisms used in MPLS networks to protect QoS for cognitive wireless mesh networks. The proposed architecture ensures automatic QoS protection (QoSP) comprising guard-margin admission control, QoS degradation detection, notification and path recovery mechanisms. Simulation results show that the proposed architecture reduces the likelihood of QoS outage by one to three orders of magnitude. The proposed architecture and mechanisms can also be adapted to any other kinds of wireless networks where high fluctuations in the capacity of wireless links are expected.
Cell-Surface Glycoprotein of Oligodendrocyte Progenitors Involved in Migration (1999)

Myelination by oligodendrocytes in the CNS involves the migration to and recognition and ensheathment of axons. These distinct developmental phases of myelination are assumed to involve the interplay of a precisely regulated set of cell adhesion molecules expressed by both neurons and glial cells. These molecules remain largely unelucidated. In this paper we have identified a large (330 kDa) glycoprotein expressed by murine oligodendrocyte progenitor cells in vitro and in vivo that is downregulated as oligodendrocytes mature. Antigen-positive oligodendrocyte progenitor cells purified by panning develop into myelin-associated glycoprotein-positive oligodendrocytes and also adhere to cultured neurons. Polyclonal antibodies directed against the protein reduce the migration of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. The observations suggest that the AN2 antigen may play a role in early stages of myelination.
Effects of neonatal status epilepticus on rat brain development (1976)

A single, 2-hour episode of status epilepticus induced by flurothyl (1,500 mul) in 4-day-old rats irreversibly curtailed brain weight and brain DNA. Status epilepticus inhibited DNA synthesis but did not increase DNA breakdown and produced no histologic lesions. Rats with status epilepticus showed delayed behavioral milestones and reduced seizure thresholds several weeks after status. After milder convulsions (flurothyl 750 mul, bicuculline), brain DNA was curtailed at 7 days but returned to normal at 30 days. These results suggest that, in the immature brain, epileptic seizures too mild to cause cell necrosis can inhibit DNA synthesis and permanently curtail brain DNA content. This may account for the great vulnerability of the immature brain to epileptic seizures.
Contents of trans fatty acids (TFA) in German foods and estimation of daily intake (1997)

Abstract The contents of trans fatty acids (TFA) in 139 German foods were analyzed by capillary gas chromatography. The TFA analysis included myristelaidic acid (C14:1 t9), palmitelaidic acid (C16:1 t9), petroselaidic acid (C18:1 t6), elaidic acid (C18:1 t9), trans vaccenic acid (C18:1 t11), octadecadienoic acid isomers (C18:2 c9t12, C18:2 t9t12, and C18:2 9tc12), and 9 geometrical octadecatrienoic acid isomers (C18:3 n‐3). Maximum TFA contents occurred in French fries (up to 34%), crisps (up to 22%) and in instant sauces (up to 22%) The TFA content in dairy products ranged from 2.0% (blue cheese) to 6.1% (Jurassic cheese), in meat products from 0.2% (cooked ham) to 8.6% (lamb), in fish from 0.4% (pollock) to 1.0% (carp), and in vegetable fats and oils and margarines from <0.01% (edible oils) to 4.1% (sunflower margarines). The average estimated TFA intake was calculated to 1.9g TFA/d for women and 2.3g TFA/d for men.
Scheduling sporadic tasks with shared resources in hard-real-time systems (2003)

The problem of scheduling a set of sporadic tasks that share a set of serially reusable, single unit software resources on a single processor is considered. The correctness conditions are that: each invocation of each task completes execution at or before a well-defined deadline; and a resource is never accessed by more than one task simultaneously. An optimal online algorithm for scheduling a set of sporadic tasks is presented. The algorithm results from the integration of a synchronization scheme for access to shared resources with the earliest deadline first algorithm. A set of relations on task parameters that are necessary and sufficient for a set of tasks to be schedulable is also derived. The proposed model for the analysis of processor scheduling policies is novel in that it incorporates minimum as well as maximum processing time requirements of tasks. The scheduling algorithm and the sporadic tasking model have been incorporated into an operating system kernel and used to implement several real-time systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Job scheduling in the presence of multiple resource requirements (1999)

In past massively parallel processing systems, such as the Intel Paragon and the Thinking Machines CM-5, the scheduling problem consisted of allocating a single type of resource among the waiting jobs; the processing node. A job was allocated the minimum number of nodes required to meet its largest resource requirement (e.g. memory, CPUs, I/O channels, etc.). Recent systems, such as the SUN E10000 and SGI O2K, are made up of pools of independently allocatable hardware and software resources such as shared memory, large disk farms, distinct I/O channels, and software licenses. In order to make efficient use of all the available system resources, the scheduling algorithm must be able to maintain a job working set which fully utilizes all of the resources. Previous work in scheduling multiple resources focused on coordinating the allocation of CPUs and memory, using ad-hoc methods for generating good schedules. We provide new job selection heuristics based on resource balancing which support the construction of generalized K-resource scheduling algorithms. We show through simulation that performance gains of up to 50% in average response time are achievable over classical scheduling methods such as First-Come-First-Served with First-Fit backfill.
Nonlinear process model based control of a propylene sidestream draw column (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNonlinear process model based control of a propylene sidestream draw columnJames B. RiggsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 1990, 29, 11, 2221–2226Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie00107a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ie00107a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design and characterization of integrated passive elements on high ohmic silicon (2003)

This work presents ultra low-loss coplanar waveguides and Marchand type baluns implemented in an optimized high ohmic silicon substrate technology for RF/microwave applications. The CPW configured baluns operate from 15 to 25 GHz with a minimum insertion loss of 0.8 dB at center frequency.
Structure and Regulatory Profile of the Monkeypox Inhibitor of Complement: Comparison to Homologs in Vaccinia and Variola and Evidence for Dimer Formation (2006)

The outbreak of monkeypox in the Unites States in the summer of 2003 was the first occurrence of this smallpox-like disease outside of Africa. This limited human epidemic resulted from cross-infection of prairie dogs by imported African rodents. Although there were no human fatalities, this outbreak illustrates that monkeypox is an emerging natural infection and a potential biological weapon. We characterized a virulence factor expressed by monkeypox (monkeypox inhibitor of complement enzymes or MOPICE). We also compared its structure and regulatory function to homologous complement regulatory proteins of variola (SPICE) and vaccinia (VCP). In multiple expression systems, 5-30% of MOPICE, SPICE, and VCP consisted of function-enhancing disulfide-linked homodimers. Mammalian cells infected with vaccinia virus also expressed VCP dimers. MOPICE bound human C3b/C4b intermediate to that of SPICE and VCP. Cofactor activity of MOPICE was similar to VCP, but both were approximately 100-fold less efficient than SPICE. SPICE and VCP, but not MOPICE, possessed decay-accelerating activity for the C3 and C5 convertases of the classical pathway. Additionally, all three regulators possessed heparin-binding capability. These studies demonstrate that MOPICE regulates human complement and suggest that dimerization is a prominent feature of these virulence factors. Thus, our data add novel information relative to the functional repertoire of these poxviral virulence factors. Furthermore, targeting and neutralizing these complement regulatory active sites via mAbs is a therapeutic approach that may enhance protection against smallpox.
Developing a Web-Based Clearinghouse for Government Documents Displays (2001)

In 1998, Minnesota State University, Mankato began creating government document and maps displays on a monthly basis. The displays were assemble to increase the visibility, and promote the use of, the federal depository colleciton.
Neurodegeneration associated with genetic defects in phospholipase A <sub>2</sub> (2008)

Defects in phospholipase A(2) lead to a range of phenotypes. PLA2G6 mutations are associated with nearly all cases of classic infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy but a minority of cases of idiopathic neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation, and genotype correlates with phenotype. Cerebellar atrophy predicts which patients are likely to be mutation-positive. The neuropathologic changes that are caused by defective phospholipase A(2) suggest a shared pathogenesis with both Parkinson and Alzheimer diseases.
Biodegradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) by Cladosporium sphaerospermum isolated from an aged PAH contaminated soil (2004)

The ability of a Deuteromycete fungus, Cladosporium sphaerospermum, previously isolated from soil of an aged gas manufacturing plant, to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons was investigated. This strain was able to degrade PAHs in non-sterile soils (average 23%), including high molecular weight PAHs, after 4 weeks of incubation. In a microcosm experiment, PAH depletion was clearly correlated to fungal establishment. In liquid culture, this strain degraded rapidly benzo(a)pyrene during its early exponential phase of growth (18% after 4 days of incubation). Among extracellular ligninolytic enzyme activities tested, only laccase activity was detected in liquid culture in the absence or in presence of benzo(a)pyrene. C. sphaerospermum might be a potential candidate for an effective bioremediation of aged PAH-contaminated soils.
The Research and Development Organization of the General Foods Corporation (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Research and Development Organization of the General Foods CorporationThomas M. RectorCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1940, 12, 4, 247–250Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50144a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50144a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views21Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A modular xylanase from mesophilic Cellulomonas fimi contains the same cellulose-binding and thermostabilizing domains as xylanases from thermophilic bacteria (1996)

The xynC gene from mesophilic Cellulomonas fimi encodes a large 125 kDa modular xylanase (XYLC), consisting of six distinct functional domains. In addition to a single Family 10 catalytic domain, XYLC contains a domain homologous with the nodulation protein, NodB, from nitrogen-fixing bacteria and therrnostabilizing and cellulose-binding domains found previously only in xylanases from thermophilic bacteria.