gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of the growth of lactic acid bacteria in a pilot scale membrane bioreactor (2010)

Abstract BACKGROUND: A central problem in the production of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is the low productivity conventional batch systems due to end product inhibition. This work investigated the impacts of the membrane bioreactor (MBR) on the growth of four industrially important LAB and compared the growth in pH controlled STR using Lactobacillus buchneri, L. brevis, Oenococcus oeni , and Bifidobacterium longum . RESULTS: The four LAB were grown in a pH‐controlled STR batch culture and this was compared with perfusion culture of the MBR. The growth of LAB in MBR produced a far more intensive production of cells with great volumetric productivity and high cell concentrations compared with STR cultures. Total cell concentration in perfusion culture of LAB reached 13 to 23 g DCW L −1 up to 14 times higher than those obtained in the STR cultures. Overall volumetric biomass production rates in the MBR increased from 10 to 33 times that in the STR, and were organism dependent. CONCLUSION: The MBR has considerable potential for enhanced production of LAB. Limitations to growth and growth rate during perfusion culture of LAB in the MBR were from gas bubbles produced or membrane fouling. Further improvements in productivities are possible with careful design of the media, the MBR reactor and the performance characteristics of the LAB. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry
An ecdysone and tetracycline dual regulatory expression system for studies on Rac1 small GTPase-mediated signaling (2003)

Regulated expression systems are invaluable for studying gene function, offer advantages of dosage-dependent and temporally defined gene expression, and limit possible clonal variation when toxic or pleiotropic genes are overexpressed. Previously, establishment of inducible expression systems, such as tetracycline- and ecdysone-inducible systems, required assessment of the inducible characteristics of individual clones by tedious luciferase assays. Taking advantage of a green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter controlled by tetracycline- or ecdysone-responsive element and fluorescence-activated cell sorting, we propose a simple and efficient strategy to select highly inducible cell lines according to their fluorescence profiles after transiently transfecting the candidate cell pools with a surrogate GFP reporter. We have demonstrated that tetracycline- and ecdysone-inducible systems could be set up in Madin-Darby canine kidney and HEK-293 cells by employing this selection scheme. Importantly, this dual regulatory expression system is applied in studying the complex interplay between two Ras-related small GTPases, Cdc42 and Rac1, on detachment-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, establishment of two tightly regulated expression systems in one target cell line could be of great advantage for dissecting small GTPase Rac1-transduced signaling pathways by using global gene expression approaches such as proteomic assays.
Disposal of Waste Dust from Cement Kilns (1975)

A survey of 101 cement plants in the United States revealed that over one fourth of the dust collected from kiln exhaust gases is discarded because of excessive concentrations of alkalies, predominantly potassium, which makes the dust unsuitable for, return to the cement making process. Leaching of alkalies from kiln dust, either in rainwater percolating through disposal piles, or in dust reclamation processes, causes the most serious water pollution problem faced by the cement industry. Treatment of the leachate by electrodialysis to recover and concentrate alkalies is recommended. A promising alternative to disposal of the dust is utilization in agriculture for neutralizing acidic soils and replenishing potassium removed by crops.
Demethylation of ansamitocins and related compounds. (1981)

Ansamitocins were converted into 20-O-demethyl derivatives by bacteria. The structures of these products were elucidated from their physicochemical properties and from the chemical conversion to ansamitocins with diazomethane.
CATS: Characterizing automation of Twitter spammers (2013)

Twitter, with its rising popularity as a micro-blogging website, has inevitably attracted the attention of spammers. Spammers use myriad of techniques to evade security mechanisms and post spam messages, which are either unwelcome advertisements for the victim or lure victims in to clicking malicious URLs embedded in spam tweets. In this paper, we propose several novel features capable of distinguishing spam accounts from legitimate accounts. The features analyze the behavioral and content entropy, bait-techniques, and profile vectors characterizing spammers, which are then fed into supervised learning algorithms to generate models for our tool, CATS. Using our system on two real-world Twitter data sets, we observe a 96% detection rate with about 0.8% false positive rate beating state of the art detection approach. Our analysis reveals detection of more than 90% of spammers with less than five tweets and about half of the spammers detected with only a single tweet. Our feature computation has low latency and resource requirement making fast detection feasible. Additionally, we cluster the unknown spammers to identify and understand the prevalent spam campaigns on Twitter.
Detection of numerical chromosome aberrations using in situ hybridization in paraffin sections of routinely processed bladder cancers. (1991)

An improved protocol for in situ hybridization (ISH) to routinely processed, paraffin-imbedded tissue sections from transitional bladder carcinoma (TCC) is presented. The protocol to detect numerical chromosome aberrations involved treatment of sections with thiocyanate prior to proteolytic digestion, resulting in reproducible ISH reactions. It was used to explore the influence of nuclear truncation in the detection of numerical chromosome aberrations and the detection of tumor cells among stromal and inflammatory cells, to compare the flow cytometric DNA index with chromosome copy number, and to study chromosome heterogeneity within tumors. For this study, a DNA probe for the chromosome region 1q12 was used. Hybridization of model systems with known chromosome numbers, such as sections of paraffin-embedded lymph nodes, paraffin-embedded human peripheral lymphocytes, T24 and Molt-4 cells with two, three, and four chromosomes 1, respectively, showed in at least 50% of the cells the proper number of chromosome hybridization signals in standard 6-microns-thick sections. Depending on the size of the nucleus, a certain percentage of the cells showed lower copy numbers as a result of truncation. In four cases of normal urothelium in paraffin sections, the percentage of nuclei with more than two chromosome spots did not exceed 5%. Comparison of the number of ISH signals, as detected in ethanol-fixed single cell suspensions of 11 TCCs [five flow cytometric (FCM) diploid, three FCM aneuploid, and three FCM tetraploid], with ISH results obtained in paraffin sections of the same tumors showed that typical numerical chromosome aberrations, such as trisomy and tetrasomy up to nonasomy, could be detected. However, the real chromosome copy number is underestimated, especially in tumors with high copy numbers, as detected in the single cell suspensions of the same tumors. Hybridization of a TCC with extremely large nuclei (DNA index = 3.2) containing six to nine ISH signals as detected in the isolated tumor cells, showed that an indication of these real chromosome copy numbers could be obtained in 6-microns paraffin sections. The accuracy for the detection of the chromosome copy number was even higher in cases where hybridization signals were counted in the mitotic cells. Furthermore, chromosome heterogeneity was detected by ISH using centromeric probes for chromosomes 7, 9, and 18, even though nuclei are truncated in the section. The surplus value of ISH on paraffin sections, as compared with ISH on isolated tumor cells, can be summarized as follows. (a) The focal tumor cell areas with chromosome aberrations can be recognized in the sections and be correlated with the histologic appearance.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
A Joyful Ode to Automatic Orchestration (2016)

Most works in automatic music generation have addressed so far specific tasks. Such a reductionist approach has been extremely successful and some of these tasks have been solved once and for all. However, few works have addressed the issue of generating automatically fully fledged music material, of human-level quality. In this article, we report on a specific experiment in holistic music generation: the reorchestration of Beethoven’s Ode to Joy , the European anthem, in seven styles. These reorchestrations were produced with algorithms developed in the Flow Machines project and within a short time frame. We stress the benefits of having had such a challenging and unifying goal, and the interesting problems and challenges it raised along the way.
Incorporation of Phosphonate into Benzonaphthyridine Toll-like Receptor 7 Agonists for Adsorption to Aluminum Hydroxide (2016)

Small molecule Toll-like receptor 7 (TLR7) agonists have been used as vaccine adjuvants by enhancing innate immune activation to afford better adaptive response. Localized TLR7 agonists without systemic exposure can afford good adjuvanticity, suggesting peripheral innate activation (non-antigen-specific) is not required for immune priming. To enhance colocalization of antigen and adjuvant, benzonaphthyridine (BZN) TLR7 agonists are chemically modified with phosphonates to allow adsorption onto aluminum hydroxide (alum), a formulation commonly used in vaccines for antigen stabilization and injection site deposition. The adsorption process is facilitated by enhancing aqueous solubility of BZN analogs to avoid physical mixture of two insoluble particulates. These BZN-phosphonates are highly adsorbed onto alum, which significantly reduced systemic exposure and increased local retention post injection. This report demonstrates a novel approach in vaccine adjuvant design using phosphonate modification to afford adsorption of small molecule immune potentiator (SMIP) onto alum, thereby enhancing co-delivery with antigen.
Dielectric Study of Terminal Chain Dynamics, Segmental Motion, and Rotation of Side Groups in Polyethers of Type ABC (2005)

Dielectric measurements were carried out on undiluted poly(isopropyl glycidyl ether) (PiPGE), poly(n-butyl glycidyl ether) (PnBGE), and poly(tert-butyl glycidyl ether) (PtBGE) which have dipoles aligned parallel (type A) and perpendicular (type B) to the chain contour and the dipoles residing on the flexible side group (type C). These polyethers exhibited three dielectric relaxations designated as αn, αs, and β. The αn relaxation is due to the normal mode relaxation. The primary αs relaxation is assigned to local segmental motions coupled with rotation of the side group. The β relaxation can be assigned to both twisting motions of the main chain and libration of the side groups of a small amplitude. Independent full rotation of the side groups was not observed below Tg. The relaxation strengths and dipole moments associated with the αn, αs, and β processes have been estimated. In PiPGE and PtBGE, the temperature dependence of the loss maximum frequency fms for the αs relaxation was much steeper than that fmn for the normal mode, and log(fms/fmn) increased with temperature. On the other hand, log(fms/fmn) for PnBGE was almost independent of temperature.
Distributed and Overlapping Representations of Faces and Objects in Ventral Temporal Cortex (2001)

The functional architecture of the object vision pathway in the human brain was investigated using functional magnetic resonance imaging to measure patterns of response in ventral temporal cortex while subjects viewed faces, cats, five categories of man-made objects, and nonsense pictures. A distinct pattern of response was found for each stimulus category. The distinctiveness of the response to a given category was not due simply to the regions that responded maximally to that category, because the category being viewed also could be identified on the basis of the pattern of response when those regions were excluded from the analysis. Patterns of response that discriminated among all categories were found even within cortical regions that responded maximally to only one category. These results indicate that the representations of faces and objects in ventral temporal cortex are widely distributed and overlapping.
Molecular Cloning and Expression of a Stress-responsive Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase-related Kinase from Tetrahymena Cells (1999)

To identify genes responsive to cold stress, we employed the differential display mRNA analysis technique to isolate a novel gene from Tetrahymena thermophila which encodes a protein kinase of 430 amino acids. A homolog of this kinase with 90% amino acid sequence identity was also found in T. pyriformis. Both kinases contain 11 subdomains typical of protein kinases. Sequence analysis revealed that the predicted amino acid sequences resemble those of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), especially p38 and stress-activated protein kinase which are known to be involved in various stress responses. However, it should be noted that the tyrosine residue in the normally conserved MAPK phosphorylation site (Thr-X-Tyr) is replaced by histidine (Thr226-Gly-His228) in this MAPK-related kinase (MRK). The recombinant MRK expressed in Escherichia coli phosphorylated myelin basic protein (MBP) and became autophosphorylated. However, the mutated recombinant protein in which Thr226 was replaced by Ala lost the ability to phosphorylate MBP, suggesting that Thr226 residue is essential for kinase activity. The MRK mRNA transcript in T. thermophila increased markedly upon temperature downshift from 35 to 15 degrees C (0.8 degrees C/min). Interestingly, osmotic shock either by sorbitol (100-200 mM) or NaCl (25-100 mM) also induced mRNA expression of the MRK in T. pyriformis. In addition, the activity of the kinase as determined by an immune complex kinase assay using MBP as a substrate was also induced by osmotic stress. This is the first demonstration of a MAPK-related kinase in the unicellular eukaryotic protozoan Tetrahymena that is induced by physical stresses such as cold temperature and osmolarity. The present results suggest that this MRK may function in the stress-signaling pathway in Tetrahymena cells.
Design goals of object-oriented wrappers for the Mach microkernel (2002)

The Taligent Object System (TOS) is an object-oriented system hosted on a modern microkernel, Mach. Mach has a procedural application programming interface (API) defined in the C programming language. This paper presents the design goals for a set of C++ classes which present an object view of the Mach microkernel API.
Design of Optimum Transient Response Amplifiers (1949)

This paper describes a method based entirely upon transient considerations for the design of amplifiers with optimum transient response in the "least squared" sense. This method is applicable to video amplifiers, symmetrical band-pass amplifiers, and dissymmetrical band-pass amplifiers used with low-level modulation, and has provisions for taking into account noise acceptance and adjacent channel rejection. Examples are given of the results obtained with this method.
Cooperative <i>T</i><sub>1</sub> and <i>T</i><sub>2</sub> effects on contrast using a new driven inversion spin‐echo (DISE) MRI pulse sequence (1990)

A pulse sequence is presented for obtaining a single image with combined T1/T2 weighting. T2 relaxation is made to increase intensity, in cooperation with the effect of T1 relaxation, by providing T2 weighting with a 90 degrees-180 degrees-90 degrees driven inversion pulse triplet in an inversion recovery method. Unlike the inversion spin-echo method having a short inversion time (TI), signals in the new driven inversion spin-echo (DISE) method need not be negative and the most T1-sensitive region of the recovery curve can be used. Selecting sensitivity to one relaxation time does not degrade the sensitivity to the other relaxation time. T1 sensitivity is thus extended to longer echo times (TE intervals). T2 sensitivity is extended to longer TI intervals, and the combined T1/T2-weighted technique with intermediate TE and TI has highly cooperative and near-maximal T1 and T2 effects on contrast. Intensity is not multiplicatively degraded by T1 and T2 weighting so that the signal-to-noise of the combined T1/T2-weighted method is high. High intensity and T1 and T2 cooperatively occur for a much wider range of relaxation times, and especially for images heavily weighted to the pathologic intermediate and long T1 and T2 regime.
Experimental Investigation of Drilled Cuttings Transport in Inclined Boreholes (1990)

ABSTRACT This paper describes an experimental investigation into drilled cuttings transport in inclined boreholes carried out in the Department of Petroleum Engineering at Heriot-Watt University. The paper describes how a 21 ft. borehole simulator and peripheral equipment built within the department has been used to determine the effects of various drilling parameters on the circulation rate required to ensure that the drilled cuttings in a deviated borehole are efficiently transported to surface. The procedures used to conduct the experiments are fully explained and experimental results and observations are discussed. Two distinctly different cuttings transport mechanisms were identified. The first occurs where the cuttings are transported to surface by a rolling/sliding motion along the low-side wall of the annulus and the second is where the cuttings are transported in suspension in the circulating fluid. The latter mechanism requires a higher fluid velocity than the first. Although these two mechanisms produce the same effect (to clean the hole) their response to variations in the drilling parameters investigated was significantly different. The main conclusions from the experiments carried out to date are that the annular fluid velocity required to initiate cuttings transport with either of the two different transport mechanisms is sensitive to variations in hole angle but that the relationship between the required fluid velocity and hole angle is different for each of these transport mechanisms. The effectiveness of a circulating fluid in removing drilled cuttings is not only dependant on the rheology of the fluid but also on whether the fluid is in laminar or turbulent flow. Water in turbulent flow, can be a very effective cuttings transport medium. Pipe rotation had little or no effect on the fluid velocity required to transport the cuttings when circulating water but significantly reduced the fluid velocity required to transport the cuttings when circulating medium or highly viscous fluids. It should be noted however that these experiments were conducted on a relatively small annulus. The fluid velocity required to transport the cuttings is a function of the size of the cuttings.
Allodynia following traumatic spinal cord injury in the rat (1995)

A weight-drop model of spinal cord injury was used to characterize the sensory changes that occur following mechanical trauma to the spinal cord and to determine the relationship of these changes to the extent of lesion. Weight-drop from different heights resulted in significant differences in motor dysfunction between experimental groups. These groups also demonstrated significant differences in the incidence of allodynia (decreased vocalization threshold to mechanical pressure). The incidence of allodynia was higher in the group that had incomplete spinal cord lesions confined to the central and dorsal regions of the spinal cord and lower in the groups that had either more extensive spinal cord damage or no apparent damage.
[Magnetoencephalographic observation of cortical spreading depression elicited by experimental focal brain ischemia in rats]. (1994)

It has recently been reported that focal ischemia induced by occlusion of unilateral middle cerebral artery provoked direct current (DC) potential deflection in the cortical infarct rim. DC potential deflection is suggested to be one of the deteriorating factors for ischemic damage. We aimed to elucidate whether a direct current magnetoencephalography (MEG) can noninvasively record DC potential deflection in focal brain ischemia or not. Fourteen male Wistar rats were used for this study. After anesthesia with pentobarbital, rats were subjected to transcranial occlusion of left middle cerebral artery by electrocauterization. Three rats showed recurrent DC potential deflections, like cortical spreading depression (CSD). The direct current MEG deflections always followed DC potential obtained by electrically recorded electrocorticograms. Mean repetition interval of DC potentials was 574 +/- 178 (SD) seconds, and their mean amplitude was 1266 +/- 789 fT. Time course of DC potentials induced by focal ischemia resembles to CSD induced by KCl application to cerebral cortex. Our observation suggests that DC magnetoencephalography is one of the useful tools for non invasive recording direct current potential deflections which are impossible to be obtained by conventional EEG techniques, and that this method will be a powerful diagnostic tool for focal brain ischemia.
Parameter-scheduled trajectory planning for suppression of coupled horizontal and vertical vibrations in a flexible rod (2002)

Angularly accelerating a cantilevered rod which sags under gravity couples the out-of-lane dynamics of the flexible rod and causes oscillation in both the horizontal and vertical planes. A parameter-scheduled trajectory planner has been analytically developed and experimentally implemented on a commercial robot to suppress the first mode of these vibrations during a horizontal angular move. A load was attached to the tip of the rod and the resulting static, out-of-plane, hub torque was measured with a force-torque sensor. This torque was used to predict the period of the horizontal first mode of vibration of the payload (rod and attached load) from a nonlinear function in order to calculate (schedule) the appropriate control parameters for the angular move. This system has been implemented on a Cincinnati Milacron T3-786 robot, and vibration-suppressed trajectories (which reduce the coupled residual vibrations by over 90%) have been performed by the robot for various payloads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of a Novel Organic-Solvent-Soluble Polyimide and Its Application to Alignment Film for Liquid Crystal Displays (1994)

We have synthesized a novel organic-solvent-soluble polyimide to be used as alignment films for liquid crystal displays. The polyimide has an aliphatic structure and can be cured at temperatures below 200° C. The novel polyimide also shows better alignment properties judging from its birefringence and dichroic ratio than conventional polyimides derived from the precursor polyamic acids. The alignment of a nematic liquid crystal on the novel polyimide shows a good texture without irregular liquid crystal domains.