gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Critical heat flux enhancement in pool boiling through increased rewetting on nanopillar array surfaces (2018)

Boiling is a key heat transfer process for a variety of power generation and thermal management technologies. We show that nanopillar arrays fabricated on a substrate enhance both the critical heat flux (CHF) and the critical temperature at CHF of the substrate and thus, effectively increase the limit of boiling before the boiling crisis is triggered. We reveal that the enhancement in both the CHF and the critical temperature results from an intensified rewetting process which increases with the height of nanopillars. We develop a predictive model based on experimental measurements of rewetting velocity to predict the enhancement in CHF and critical temperature of the nanopillar substrates. This model is critical for understanding how to control boiling enhancement and designing various nanostructured surfaces into specific applications.
A photoelectric fluorimeter (1941)

A description is given of a photoelectric fluorimeter using two photocells in a null circuit. The method of use to give greatest accuracy in estimation of the concentration of a fluorescing solution is considered theoretically; it is shown that by working with dilute solutions the effect of impurities may be detected and sometimes be eliminated.
A multichip package for high-speed logic die (1993)

Multichip packaging is an idea that is receiving increasing attention as electronic equipment manufacturers drive toward smaller, faster products. By connecting several chips together in a single package, board size can be reduced by up to a factor of 10 or more, and signal propagation between chips can be up to three times faster. Even so, multichip modules will only be utilized where they are the least expensive method of achieving a desired outcome. The authors discuss the required methodology and infrastructure that was developed to design, fabricate, and test a cost-effective, high-density multichip module developed to accommodate six high-speed application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) logic devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Voltage-gated Sodium Channel Activity Promotes Cysteine Cathepsin-dependent Invasiveness and Colony Growth of Human Cancer Cells (2009)

Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na(V)) are functionally expressed in highly metastatic cancer cells derived from nonexcitable epithelial tissues (breast, prostate, lung, and cervix). MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells express functional sodium channel complexes, consisting of Na(V)1.5 and associated auxiliary beta-subunits, that are responsible for a sustained inward sodium current at the membrane potential. Although these channels do not regulate cellular multiplication or migration, their inhibition by the specific blocker tetrodotoxin impairs both the extracellular gelatinolytic activity (monitored with DQ-gelatin) and cell invasiveness leading to the attenuation of colony growth and cell spreading in three-dimensional Matrigel-composed matrices. MDA-MB-231 cells express functional cysteine cathepsins, which we found play a predominant role ( approximately 65%) in cancer invasiveness. Matrigel invasion is significantly decreased in the presence of specific inhibitors of cathepsins B and S (CA-074 and Z-FL-COCHO, respectively), and co-application of tetrodotoxin does not further reduce cell invasion. This suggests that cathepsins B and S are involved in invasiveness and that their proteolytic activity partly depends on Na(V) function. Inhibiting Na(V) has no consequence for cathepsins at the transcription, translation, and secretion levels. However, Na(V) activity leads to an intracellular alkalinization and a perimembrane acidification favorable for the extracellular activity of these acidic proteases. We propose that Na(v) enhance the invasiveness of cancer cells by favoring the pH-dependent activity of cysteine cathepsins. This general mechanism could lead to the identification of new targets allowing the therapeutic prevention of metastases.
Establishment, morphology and properties of carbon nanotube networks in polymer melts (2011)

As for nanofillers in general, the properties of carbon nanotube (CNT) -polymer composites depend strongly on the filler arrangement and the structure of the filler network. This article reviews our actual understanding of the relation between processing conditions, state of CNT dispersion and structure of the filler network on the one hand, and the resulting electrical, melt rheological and mechanical properties, on the other hand. The as-produced rather compact agglomerates of CNTs (initial agglomerates, >1 μm), whose structure can vary for different tube manufacturers, synthesis and/or purification conditions, have first to be well dispersed in the polymer matrix during the mixing step, before they can be arranged to a filler network with defined physical properties by forming secondary agglomerates. Influencing factors on the melt dispersion of initial agglomerates of multi-walled CNTs into individualized tubes are discussed in context of dispersion mechanisms, namely the melt infiltration into initial agglomerates, agglomerate rupture and nanotube erosion from agglomerate surfaces. The hierarchical morphology of filler arrangement resulting from secondary agglomeration processes has been found to be due to a competition of build-up and destruction for the actual melt temperature and the given external flow field forces. Related experimental results from in-line and laboratory experiments and a model approach for description of shear-induced properties are presented.
Inflammatory Airway Disease of Horses (2007)

Abstract The purpose of this consensus statement is to provide a review of current knowledge and opinions concerning inflammatory airway disease (IAD) and to help practitioners differentiate IAD from heaves (or recurrent airway obstruction; RAO) and other inflammatory respiratory diseases of horses.
Simultaneous Detection and Quantitation of Diethylene Glycol, Ethylene Glycol, and the Toxic Alcohols in Serum using Capillary Column Gas Chromatography (2000)

Determination of toxic glycols and alcohols in an emergency setting requires a rapid yet accurate and reliable method. To simultaneously determine diethylene glycol (DEG) along with ethylene glycol, methanol, isopropanol, acetone, and ethanol, we modified a previously developed gas chromatographic (GC) method. The system used a Hewlett-Packard 6890 GC with EPC, a Gooseneck splitless liner, and an Rtx-200 capillary column (30 m x 0.53-mm i.d., 3 mm). After serum samples were deproteinized using ultrafiltration (Millipore Ultrafree-MC), 1 mL of the protein-free filtrate was manually injected into the GC. Internal standards for alcohols (and acetone) and glycols were n-propanol and 1,3-butanediol, respectively. All compounds eluted within 3.5 min (linear temperature gradient from 40 to 260 degrees C); total run time was 6.5 min. Limit of detection and linear range for all compounds were 1 or 2.5 mg/dL and 0-500 mg/dL, respectively. In addition, there was no interference from propionic acid, propylene glycol, and 2,3-butanediol. The modifications in the equipment and temperature program allowed increased resolution and thus, detection and reliable quantitation of DEG and other common toxic glycols and alcohols of clinical interest.
Functional Expression of <i>Candida albicans</i> Drug Efflux Pump Cdr1p in a <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Strain Deficient in Membrane Transporters (2001)

Analysis of the transport functions of individual Candida albicans plasma membrane drug efflux pumps is hampered by the multitude of endogenous transporters. We have stably expressed C. albicans Cdr1p, the major pump implicated in multiple-drug-resistance phenotypes, from the genomic PDR5 locus in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae mutant (AD1-8u(-)) from which seven major transporters of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family have been deleted. High-level expression of Cdr1p, under the control of the S. cerevisiae PDR5 promoter and driven by S. cerevisiae Pdr1p transcriptional regulator mutation pdr1-3, was demonstrated by increased levels of mRNA transcription, increased levels of nucleoside triphosphatase activity, and immunodetection in plasma membrane fractions. S. cerevisiae AD1-8u(-) was hypersensitive to azole antifungals (the MICs at which 80% of cells were inhibited [MIC(80)s] were 0.625 microg/ml for fluconazole, <0.016 microg/ml for ketoconazole, and <0.016 microg/ml for itraconazole), whereas the strain (AD1002) that overexpressed C. albicans Cdr1p was resistant to azoles (MIC(80)s of fluconazole, ketoconazole, and itraconazole, 30, 0.5, and 4 microg/ml, respectively). Drug resistance correlated with energy-dependent drug efflux. AD1002 demonstrated resistance to a variety of structurally unrelated chemicals which are potential drug pump substrates. The controlled overexpression of C. albicans Cdr1p in an S. cerevisiae background deficient in other pumps allows the functional analysis of pumping specificity and mechanisms of a major ABC transporter involved in drug efflux from an important human pathogen.
Bisphosphonates in breast cancer and other solid tumors (2000)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
597. Reactions of 2,2-dialkyl-1,2-dihydroquinolines. Part II. Bromo-derivatives of 1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline (1964)

J. P. Brown and L. M. Jackman, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 3132 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640003132
The 3C Cooperation Model Applied to the Classical Requirement Analysis (2012)

Aspects related to the users' cooperative work are not considered in the traditional approach of software engineering, since the user is viewed independently of his/her workplace environment or group, with the individual model generalized to the study of collective behavior of all users. This work proposes a process for software requirements to address issues involving cooperative work in information systems that provide distributed coordination in the users' actions and the communication among them occurs indirectly through the data entered while using the software. To achieve this goal, this research uses ergonomics, the 3C cooperation model, awareness and software engineering concepts. Action-research is used as a research methodology applied in three cycles during the development of a corporate workflow system in a technological research company. This article discusses the third cycle, which corresponds to the process that deals with the refinement of the cooperative work requirements with the software in actual use in the workplace, where the inclusion of a computer system changes the users’ workplace, from the face to face interaction to the interaction mediated by the software. The results showed that the highest degree of users' awareness about their activities and other system users contribute to a decrease in their errors and in the inappropriate use of the system
The fatty acids of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine from hen's egg (1959)

Research Article| March 01 1959 The fatty acids of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine from hen's egg J C Hawke J C Hawke 1Fats Research Laboratory, Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Wellington, New Zealand Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1959) 71 (3): 588–592. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0710588 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J C Hawke; The fatty acids of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine from hen's egg. Biochem J 1 March 1959; 71 (3): 588–592. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0710588 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1959 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1959 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Atrophy rate in medial temporal lobe during progression of Alzheimer disease (2004)

Increased annual atrophy rate in the medial temporal lobe is a potential diagnostic marker of the progression of Alzheimer disease.
Research on Microstructure and Properties of Pure Copper Tube during Rolling Process (2014)

The pure copper tube with strong axial orientation columnar grain and equiaxed grain respectively were rolled using a three-roller precision tube mill. Optical microscope, hardness testing machine and universal testing machine were used to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties of the pure copper tube rolled with different deformation degrees. The results show that the pure copper tube with two kinds of microstructure can be directly rolled from the dimension of Φ68.5mm×57.9mm to Φ34.7×30.4mm by 8 passes with accumulated deformation degree nearly 80% and without intermediate annealing. With the increasing deformation degree, the primary columnar grain boundaries of the pure copper tube with columnar grain blurred gradually until completely disappeared. However, the microstructures of pure copper tube with equiaxed grain completely transformed into fibrous microstructures when the deformation degree reaches to 79.11%. The columnar grain is without transverse grain boundaries but with small-angle boundary, which is conducive to axial deformation. It is also found that with the increasing deformation degree, the tensile strength of pure copper tube increased steadily, while the elongation decreased gradually. The elongation of pure copper tube with columnar grains is higher and the microhardness is lower than that of equiaxed grains, indicating that the cold deformation properties of pure copper tube with columnar grain was more excellent.
High-bandwidth servo control designs for magnetic disk drives (2002)

In order to attain high track density, a head must accurately follow position information recorded on a disk. To achieve high accuracy head positioning, disk drives require increased servo bandwidth. However, servo bandwidth is restricted by the main resonance frequency of an actuator and by the sampling frequency. In this paper, we discuss several servo technologies. First, we present the limit of the servo bandwidth of digital loop-shaping servo methods to the mechanical resonance at which the main resonance frequency of a voice coil motor (VCM) actuator is 5 kHz, and the sampling time is 30 /spl mu/s. We show that the 1.5 kHz servo bandwidth can be attained by using a phase stabilized compensation method. It is also shown that by using the main resonance pole zero compensation method drawn from H-infinity theory, the servo bandwidth increases 1.1 times. Next, we discuss a vibration-sensing feedback method which uses a sensor to measure and carry out analog feedback of the main resonance characteristic of the VCM actuator. The resonance mode can be suppressed by the vibration-sensing feedback servo, and it is shown that the servo bandwidth increases 1.2 times. Finally, we present the phase stabilized compensation design for a dual-stage actuator. The 2-kHz servo bandwidth is achieved when the main resonance frequency of the fine PZT actuator is set to 7 kHz. The impulse response characteristic of each control system, from the torque disturbance to the head, is also discussed.
Establishment of unresponsiveness in primed B lymphocytes <i>in vivo</i>. (1981)

As an approach to examine the influence of the state of cellular activation on the ability to tolerize B cells, the induction of unresponsiveness in human gamma-globulin-(HGG) primed B lymphocytes was studied in an adoptive transfer system. In contrast to transferred normal spleen cells, spleen cells from HGG-primed mice are not readily rendered unresponsive when exposed to the tolerogen, deaggregated HGG (DHGG), in irradiated recipients. A kinetic study showed that unfractionated primed spleen cells do not respond to an antigenic challenge given between 6 and 10 days after cell transfer and injection of DHGG, indicating that they are transiently depressed. In contrast, isolated primed B cells are tolerized when transferred to recipients and treated with DHGG in the absence of T cells. Furthermore, primed B cells exposed to tolerogen in the recipients do not recover the ability to respond to HGG either after a secondary challenge with AHGG given up to 14 days after transfer, or after 2 consecutive challenges given on days 14 and 24 after transfer. The presence of primed T cells at the time of tolerization interferes with the induction of unresponsiveness in these primed B cells. These studies suggest that the presence of primed T cells is responsible for the inability to tolerize unfractionated primed spleen cells populations and that primed B cells themselves are not intrinsically resistant to the induction of unresponsiveness.
Transition metal catalysis in organic synthesis: reflections, chirality and new vistas (1999)

The power of transition metal catalysis as a tool in organic synthesis is exemplied by the recent progress in the following areas: (i) diastereocontrol of Pd(0)-, Mo(0)-, and Ni(0)catalyzed allylic substitution; (ii) Pd(0)-catalyzed asymmetric allylic substitution; (iii) HartwigBuchwald amination; and (iv) Suzuki coupling. Development of novel, bidentate binaphthyl ligands (MAP) and their unique mode of P,C s -coordination is also described.
The Read Out Controller for the ATLAS New Small Wheel (2016)

In the upgrade process of the ATLAS detector, the innermost stations of the endcaps (Small Wheels, SW) will be replaced. The New Small Wheel (NSW) will have two chamber technologies, one for the Level-1 trigger function (small-strip Thin Gap Chambers, sTGC) and one primarily dedicated to precision tracking (Micromegas detectors, MM). Custom front-end Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) will be used to read and filter information from both the sTGC and MM detectors. In the context of the New Small Wheel data path, we designed the Read Out Controller (ROC) ASIC for handling, preprocessing and formatting the data generated by the NSW VMM upstream chips. The ROC will concentrate the data streams from 8 VMMs, filter data based on the BCID and transmit the data to FELIX via the L1DDC. ROC is composed of 8 VMM Capture modules, a cross-bar and 4 SubROC modules. The output data is sent via 4 high-speed e-links.
A 4-axis NC Lettering System for the Side-wall of the Automobile Tire (1998)

The letters of the automobile tire are usually engraved on the side-wall. The shape of the side-wall is a sculptured surface generated by the rotational sweeping of a profile curve. The letters laid on the side-wall are usually designed by a 2-dimensional CAD. It is impossible to machine the letters on the surface accurately by 3-axis NC machining, because the axis of cutter should be tilted to align with the normal vector of the surface. In this case. the degree of freedom for the machine is at least four. This paper describes an idea for tool path generation of a 4-axis machine by using the 2-dimensional CAD data of the letters and the surface of the side-wall. This study includes the following procedures; (1) measuring the profile of the side-wall surface and curve-fitting of the measured points. (2) the 'non-parallel projection' of the letters on the side-wall, and (3) an inverse kinematics of the 4-axis lettering machine. Procedures in this paper are programmed in C-language on Windows95 environment. With a PC based CNC controller and a 4-axis lettering machine. these are tested sucessfully for the practical use.
An Assay to Detect<i>In Vivo</i>Y Chromosome Loss in<i>Drosophila</i>Wing Disc Cells (2012)

Loss of the Y chromosome in Drosophila has no impact on cell viability and therefore allows us to assay the impact of environmental agents and genetic alterations on chromosomal loss. To detect in vivo chromosome loss in cells of the developing Drosophila wing primordia, we first engineered a Y chromosome with an attP docking site. By making use of the ΦC31 integrase system, we site-specifically integrated a genomic transgene encompassing the multiple wing hair (mwh) locus into this attP site, leading to a mwh(+)Y chromosome. This chromosome fully rescues the mwh mutant phenotype, an excellent recessive wing cell marker mutation. Loss of this mwh(+)Y chromosome in wing primordial cells then leads to manifestation of the mwh mutant phenotype in mwh-homozygous cells. The forming mwh clones permit us to quantify the effect of agents and genetic alterations by assaying frequency and size of the mwh mosaic spots. To illustrate the use of the mwh(+)Y loss system, the effects of four known mutagens (X-rays, colchicine, ethyl methanesulfonate, and formaldehyde) and two genetic conditions (loss- and gain-of-function lodestar mutant alleles) are documented. The procedure is simple, sensitive, and inexpensive.
The antihypertensive effect of orally administered nifedipine‐loaded nanoparticles in spontaneously hypertensive rats (1997)

1. The therapeutic use of nifedipine is limited by the rapidity of the onset of its action and its short biological half-life. In order to produce a form devoid of these disadvantages we made nanoparticles of nifedipine from three different polymers, poly-epsilon-caprolactone (PCL), polylactic and glycolic acid (1:1) copolymers (PLAGA), and Eudragit RL/RS (Eudragit). Nifedipine in polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG) solution was used as a control. 2. The average diameters of the nanoparticles ranged from 0.12 to 0.21 micron; the encapsulation ratio was 82% to 88%. 3. In spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), the initial rapid fall in systolic arterial blood pressure following oral administration of nifedipine in PEG solution (from 193 +/- 3 to 102 +/- 2 mmHg) was not seen following administration of the same dose in Eudragit nanoparticles (from 189 +/- 2 to 156 +/- 2 mmHg); with PCL and PLAGA nanoparticles the initial fall in blood pressure was significantly reduced (nadirs PCL 124 +/- 2 and PLAGA 113 +/- 2 mmHg). Ten hours following administration, blood pressure in rats administered the nifedipine/PEG preparation had returned to normal (183 +/- 3 mmHg) whereas that of animals given nifedipine in nanoparticles (PCL 170 +/- 3, PLAGA 168 +/- 2, Eudragit 160 +/- 3 mmHg) was still significantly reduced. 4. All of the nanoparticle dosage forms decreased Cmax and increased Tmax and the mean residence time (MRT) values. Relative bioavailability was significantly increased with Eudragit nanoparticles compared to the nifedipine/PEG solution. 5. There was an inverse linear correlation between the fall in blood pressure and plasma nifedipine concentration with all preparations. 6. The nanoparticle nifedipine preparations represent sustained release forms with increased bioavailability, a less pronounced initial antihypertensive effect and a long-lasting action.
A metabolomics perspective of human brain tumours (2007)

During the past decade or so, a wealth of information about metabolites in various human brain tumour preparations (cultured cells, tissue specimens, tumours in vivo) has been accumulated by global profiling tools. Such holistic approaches to cellular biochemistry have been termed metabolomics. Inherent and specific metabolic profiles of major brain tumour cell types, as determined by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy ((1)H MRS), have also been used to define metabolite phenotypes in tumours in vivo. This minireview examines the recent advances in the field of human brain tumour metabolomics research, including advances in MRS and mass spectrometry technologies, and data analysis.