gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Aptamer-Based Label-Free Impedimetric Biosensor for Detection of Progesterone (2014)

Rising progesterone (P4) levels in humans due to its overconsumption through hormonal therapy, food products, or drinking water can lead to many negative health effects. Thus, the simple and accurate assessment of P4 in both environmental and clinical samples is highly important to protect public health. In this work, we present the selection, identification, and characterization of ssDNA aptamers with high binding affinity to P4. The aptamers were selected in vitro from a single-stranded DNA library of 1.8 × 10(15) oligonucleotides showing dissociation constants (KD) in the low nanomolar range. The dissociation constant of the best aptamer, designated as P4G13, was estimated to be 17 nM by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) as well as fluorometric assay. Moreover, the aptamer P4G13 did not show cross-reactivity to analogues similar to progesterone such as 17β-estradiol (E2) and norethisterone (NET). An impedimetric aptasensor for progesterone was then fabricated based on the conformational change of P4G13 aptamer, immobilized on the gold electrode by self-assembly, upon binding to P4, which results in an increase in electron transfer resistance. Aptamer-complementary DNA (cDNA) oligonucleotides were tested to maximize the signal gain of the aptasensor after binding with progesterone. Significant signal enhancement was observed when the aptamer hybridized with a short complementary sequence at specific site was used instead of pure aptamer. This signal gain is likely due to the more significant conformational change of the aptamer-cDNA than the pure aptamer upon binding with P4, as confirmed by circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy. The developed aptasensor exhibited a linear range for concentrations of P4 from 10 to 60 ng/mL with a detection limit of 0.90 ng/mL. Moreover, the aptasensor was applied in spiked tap water samples and showed good recovery percentages. The new selected progesterone aptamers can be exploited in further biosensing applications for environmental, clinical, and medical diagnostic purposes.
Gate technology for 0.1-μm Si complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor using <i>g</i>-line exposure and deep ultraviolet hardening (1994)

A gate technology for producing 0.1-μm gate length silicon complementary metal–oxide– semiconductor (CMOS) circuits has been developed by integrating g-line exposure, resist narrowing, deep UV hardening, and dry etching of nitride and polysilicon. The 0.1-μm gate length n-channel and p-channel MOS devices have been previously processed via e-beam lithography using a chemically amplified e-beam resist. However, the e-beam technique suffers from low throughput, especially in processing complex circuits. In addition, the chemically amplified e-beam resist requires prompt processing. Thus g-line exposure and photoresist narrowing was chosen as an alternative. The resist features were narrowed from 0.5 μm down to 0.1 μm using low power O2 plasma. The profile of the narrowed resist shows that the body is thicker than the base. The narrowed resist features were then hardened by deep UV in order for the photoresist to withstand the subsequent nitride etch using CHF3 reactive ion etching (RIE). The obtained nitride profile shows a rounded top which is expected from the profile of resist features. The subsequent polysilicon etch was done using a two-step Cl2 RIE. The obtained profile of polysilicon is comparable to that previously obtained using e-beam lithography. This gate technology was used to successfully fabricate 0.1-μm circuits such as conventional unloaded CMOS ring oscillators and 2:1 frequency dividers.
Polymer composites for thermal management: a review (2016)

The aim of this review article is to consolidate the important research works dedicated to polymers which are mainly used target material for heat transfer applications. The requirement of present day heat transfer equipment is compactness, lightweight, manufacturability, and lower cost. Materials like copper and aluminum though have better thermal conductivity but they are expensive and also heavy. Polymers are cheaper and easy to manufacture, recycle though they have sufficiently lower thermal conductivity compared to copper and aluminum. Polymer materials are thermally insulating material. It is too difficult to improve the amorphous nature of polymer material in order to achieve high thermal conductivity. One key path to increase the thermal conductivity of a polymer is to reinforce high thermal conductive fillers in the host matrix. In this review paper, an attempt is made to explore and summarize various key paths suggested by the researchers to develop high thermal conductive polymer composites.
An approach to quarter-micron e-beam lithography using optimized double layer resist process (1983)

An approach to quarter-micron e-beam lighography was directed by computer simulation and evaluated experimentally. A combination of multilayer resist and ordinary acceleration voltage, 20 kV, was adopted. The double layer structure was selected as the simplest multilayer structure. In order to transfer the resist pattern to the underlying polymer, it is necessary to develop an e-beam resist, which can extremely withstand in O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> plasma. Metal addition to resists results in (1) dry etch resistance enhancement, and (2) resolution deterioration by electron scattering increase. However, the resolution deterioration should be more than compensated for by resist thickness reduction, due to the benifit of dry etch resistance enhancement. Trade-off between resolution deterioration and dry-etch resistance enhancement by metal-addition to resists was evaluated by Monte Carlo simulation. Si is foreseen as one of the most attractive metals to add. Commercially available Si-containing e-beam resist, silicone, has been utilized for double layer resist process and quarter-micron resolution has been obtained. Tapered step marks have been developed, avoiding excessive coverage by multilayer resist and to maximize registration signals. Detection accuracy of 0.1 um has been obtained.
Chemical modification of the surface of alumina with alkaline earth metal oxides using the polymeric precursor method for catalysis application (2014)

In this study, modifications of alumina surface with of alkaline earth metal oxides were studied, using the polymeric precursor method. The modified compounds were characterized by X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption-desorption and scanning electron microscopy. The catalytical properties of these new catalysts were evaluated for the transesterification reaction of babassu oil. It is observed that the transesterification reaction of babassu oil with methanol was successfully carried out using the modified alumina samples.
An interpretation of the theory of gestalt (1941)

SUMMARY In seeking an interpretation of the theory of Gestalt, the analysis revealed that the concept of Gestalt applies to processes and particularly to the way in which events or processes take place. The essential condition for the emergence of Gestalten or configurational properties was found to be—the ability of the parts or factors in the process to influence each other. In considering first, the more dynamic or formative phase of processes, the significant factors which influence the reciprocity of influence between the parts or factors of the process were found to be (i) the properties of the individual parts or factors, (ii) the properties of the intervening medium, (iii) the ‘distance’ between the parts or factors, (vi) ‘factors of rigidity or constraint’. It was emphasised that these factors operate relatively to one another. The concept of ‘wholeness’ was found to apply to both the dynamic and the more static phase of the process. The resultant or equilibrium position of the process derives some contribution from the whole matrix of interacting factors or influences which are responsible for the resultant being precisely what it is. The recognition of the causal significance of even small contributions to an event or process is consistent with the concept of ‘wholeness’ and with the ‘matrix’ view of causal explanation. This view of causal explanation is the consistent implication of the theory of Gestalt and the many experimental results associated with this school.
Characterizing Disproportionate Permeability Reduction Using Synchrotron X-Ray Computed Microtomography (2002)

Summary X-ray computed microtomography was used to investigate why gels reduce permeability to water more than that to oil in strongly water-wet Berea sandstone and in an oil-wet porous polyethylene core. Although the two porous media had very different porosities (22% vs. 40%), the distributions of pore sizes and aspect ratios were similar. A Cr(III)-acetate-HPAM gel caused comparable oil and water permeability reductions in both porous media. In both cores, the gel reduced permeability to water by a factor 80 to 90 times more than that to oil. However, the distributions of water and oil saturations (vs. pore size) were substantially different before, during, and after gel placement. This paper examines the mechanism for the disproportionate permeability reduction in the two porous media.
A Stacked Dual-Frequency Microstrip Patch Antenna for Simultaneous Shear and Pressure Displacement Sensing (2017)

This paper presents a simultaneous shear and pressure displacement sensor based on the microstrip patch antenna technology. The antenna sensor consists of a dual-frequency patch antenna, a superstrate, and a rectangular director. The two fundamental resonant frequencies of the patch antenna are influenced by the lateral and vertical positions of the director with respect to its radiation patch. Therefore, the shear and pressure displacements of the director can be determined simultaneously from two fundamental antenna resonant frequencies. The antenna sensor was designed, fabricated, and tested to characterize its sensing performance. An algorithm was developed to inversely determine the shear and pressure displacements from the measured antenna frequencies. We validated that the typical measurement uncertainties of the antenna sensor is ±0.3 mm for the shear displacement and ±0.15 mm for the pressure displacement. The presented shear/pressure displacement sensor is intended for monitoring the interaction between the human body and assistive medical devices (e.g., prosthetic liners, diabetic shoes, seat cushions, and so on).
Id-1 and Id-2 Proteins as Molecular Markers for Human Prostate Cancer Progression (2004)

We propose that both Id-1 and Id-2 proteins control prostate cancer cell phenotypes and could serve as molecular markers of aggressive human prostate cancer.
An Impedance Interpretation of Small Amplitude Cyclic Voltammetry: I . Theoretical Analysis for a Resistive‐Capacitive System (1978)

The transient response of an equivalent circuit for an electrode/solution interface to a small‐amplitude triangular potential excitation is derived by use of transform analysis. The response consists of both transient and steady‐state contributions. The predicted steady‐state response yields a hysteresis loop that is qualitatively similar to those exhibited by real systems under small‐amplitude cyclic voltammetric conditions. Numerical analysis illustrates the dependence of the response on the voltage sweep rate, and the analysis of experimental data for corroding 90:10 Cu:Ni alloy in flowing seawater is described.
Piezo-Optic Resonances in Crystals of the Dihydrogen Phosphate Type (1965)

Besides the Pockels effect, crystals of the dihydrogen phosphate type (symmetry class 4¯2 m) also exhibit an indirect electro-optic effect or piezo-optic effect. This effect is examined both experimentally and theoretically, and expressions for the spatial distribution, amplitude, and frequency response of modulation are derived for the case of a (zxt)0°-cut square plate. The frequency response is found to depend upon the light-beam diameter. The amplitude of the piezo-optic resonances is found to be nearly independent of frequency.
Percutaneous absorption enhancing effect and skin irritation of monocyclic monoterpenes. (1990)

The percutaneous absorption promoting effect and skin irritancy of cyclic monoterpenes were investigated in rats and with rabbits, respectively. Ketoprofen (KPF) was applied to rat skin in gel ointments containing various cyclic monoterpenes. Plasma concentrations of KPF markedly increased with the addition of the hydrocarbons of cyclic monoterpenes such as trans-p-menthane and d-limonene, whereas no significant enhancing effect was observed in the cases of other terpenes such as l-menthol, l-menthone and 1,8-cineole. The lipophilicity of the enhancers seems the important factor in promoting penetration of KPF through the skin. The enhancing activity of d-limonene was found to be much higher than that of Azone. Irritancy of the hydrocarbons of cyclic monoterpenes and Azone to the skin was evaluated using a Draize scoring method with rabbits. No change was observed on the skin surface when ethanol containing 2% of the hydrocarbons was applied to the dorsal skin, though a slight edema and erythema were observed in the case of Azone. In particular, an obvious difference was observed in the erythema formation between Azone and the hydrocarbons of cyclic monoterpenes.
Synthesis and Mesomorphic Properties of the Homologous Series of Di-(4′- <i>n</i>-alkylphenyl)- <i>trans</i>-cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylates (1982)

Abstract The homologous series of di-(4′- n-alkylphenyl)- trans-cyclohexane-1,4-dicarboxylates in which the alkyl group is C1-C12 has been prepared by esterification of trans-1,4-cyclo-hexanedicarboxylic acid or dicarbonyl chloride with 4-alkylphenols. Mesomorphic properties and phase transitions as determined by hot-stage polarizing microscopy and DSC are discussed in relationship to various structural features. Comparisons of these properties with those for the corresponding alkoxy series and the analogous terephthalic acid diesters are also presented and discussed.
Role and Mechanism of Action of the APOBEC3 Family of Antiretroviral Resistance Factors (2006)

Metazoan organisms are subject to invasion by a wide range of microbial pathogens and have, as a result, evolved a range of defensive measures. While scientific attention historically has focused on adaptive immune responses, such as antibodies and cytotoxic T cells, it has of late become
Design of a forearm-mounted directional skin stretch device (2012)

Haptic devices have the ability to convey information to users through touch. Often, this method of communication can be preferable to more traditional means of communication, such as visual or audio displays. For example, a haptic device could provide directional skin stretch to communicate navigational cues as an alternative to audio commands. Prior work has shown that directional skin stretch applied on the fingertips can be accurately recognized with displacements less than 0.2 mm. While the fingertips excel at accurately discerning direction cues, it is often desirable to leave the fingers unencumbered for other tasks. This desire has motivated an effort to explore other locations to which direction cues can be applied. Studies of human sensitivity indicate that the hand or forearm may be a good location for skin stretch cues. Based on this information, a portable device was designed that applies direction cues to the forearm. The process of designing this device began with testing to estimate the magnitude of skin stretch required to accurately convey direction cues for a variety of forearm and hand locations. Based on these results, a forearm-mounted skin stretch prototype capable of 2 mm skin displacements was designed and fabricated. A qualitative evaluation of an initial prototype contributed several useful insights that aided in the design of the final device prototype.
A New Bat-HKU2–like Coronavirus in Swine, China, 2017 (2017)

We identified from suckling piglets with diarrhea in China a new bat-HKU2-like porcine coronavirus (porcine enteric alphacoronavirus). The GDS04 strain of this coronavirus shares high aa identities (>90%) with the reported bat-HKU2 strains in Coronaviridae-wide conserved domains, suggesting that the GDS04 strain belongs to the same species as HKU2.
Stress-optimised shape memory microvalves (2002)

A gas valve of 6/spl times/6/spl times/2 mm/sup 3/ size has been developed for high force applications. Stress-optimised shape memory microbeams of 100 /spl mu/m thickness are used to control the deflection of a membrane above a valve chamber with a valve seat of 0.5 mm inner diameter. For stress-optimisation, the lateral widths of the beams are designed for homogeneous stress distributions along the beam surfaces allowing an optimised use of the shape memory effect and a minimisation of fatigue effects. For actuation, a rhombohedral phase transformation is used. This allows operation below differential pressures of 1200 hPa in designs with one valve chamber. At 1200 hPa, a gas flow of 1600 sccm and a work output of 35 /spl mu/Nm are achieved for a driving power below 450 mW. Designs with a second valve chamber above the membrane allow compensation of pressure on the membrane and thus operation at differential pressures up to 4500 hPa. The response times for closing the valves vary between 0.5 and 1.2 s and for opening between 1 and 2 s depending on the applied pressure.
Generic realtime kernel based tracking (2012)

This paper deals with the design of a generic visual tracking algorithm suitable for a large class of camera (single viewpoint sensors). It is based on the estimation of the relationship between observations and motion on the sphere. This is efficiently achieved using a kernel-based regression function on a generic linearly-weighted sum of non-linear basis functions. We also present two set of experiments. The first one shows the efficiency of our algorithm through the tracking in video sequences acquired with three types of cameras (conventional, dioptric-fisheye and catadioptric). The real-time performances will be shown by tracking one or several planes. The second set of experiments presents an application of our tracking algorithm to visual servoing with a fisheye camera.
Dispersion Curves and Dispersion Characteristics Expected from Different Borehole Environments (2007)

For seven NX sized borehole models constructed from physical property data for representative geology in Korea, dispersion curves were derived and compared between models having different physical parameters. By comparing and analyzing the dispersion curves obtained from different sources (monopole and dipole) and different borehole sizes (76 mm and 150 mm), dispersion characteristics in sonic log could be understood better, particularly in the case of slim hole sonic log.
Tunneling Transistors Based on Graphene and 2-D Crystals (2013)

As conventional transistors become smaller and thinner in the quest for higher performance, a number of hurdles are encountered. The discovery of electronic-grade 2-D crystals has added a new &#x201C;layer&#x201D; to the list of conventional semiconductors used for transistors. This paper discusses the properties of 2-D crystals by comparing them with their 3-D counterparts. Their suitability for electronic devices is discussed. In particular, the use of graphene and other 2-D crystals for interband tunneling transistors is discussed for low-power logic applications. Since tunneling phenomenon in reduced dimensions is not conventionally covered in texts, the physics is developed explicitly before applying it to transistors. Though we are in an early stage of learning to design devices with 2-D crystals, they have already been the motivation behind a list of truly novel ideas. This paper reviews a number of such ideas.
Pharmacogenomic Identification of Novel Determinants of Response to Chemotherapy in Colon Cancer (2006)

DNA microarray analysis was used to analyze the transcriptional profile of HCT116 colorectal cancer cells that were treated with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or oxaliplatin and selected for resistance to these agents. Bioinformatic analyses identified sets of genes that were constitutively dysregulated in drug-resistant cells and transiently altered following acute exposure of parental cells to drug. We propose that these genes may represent molecular signatures of sensitivity to 5-FU and oxaliplatin. Using real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR), the robustness of our microarray data was shown with a strong overall concordance of expression trends for > or =82% (oxaliplatin) and > or =85% (5-FU) of a representative subset of genes. Furthermore, strong correlations between the microarray and real-time RT-PCR measurements of average fold changes in gene expression were observed for both the 5-FU (R(2) > or = 0.73) and oxaliplatin gene sets (R(2) > or = 0.63). Functional analysis of three genes identified in the microarray study [prostate-derived factor (PDF), calretinin, and spermidine/spermine N(1)-acetyl transferase (SSAT)] revealed their importance as novel regulators of cytotoxic drug response. These data show the power of this novel microarray-based approach to identify genes which may be important markers of response to treatment and/or targets for therapeutic intervention.
RECIBIERON RECONOCIMIENTOS 57 PROFESORES DE ODONTOLOGIA (1995)

LA FACULTAD DE ODONTOLOGIA (FO) HIZO ENTREGA DE MEDALLAS DE RECONOCIMIENTO, EL 16 DE MAYO, A 57 PROFESORES QUE CUMPLIERON DE 10 A 35 ANOS DE LABOR ACADEMICA EN ESTA DEPENDENCIA. EN SU MENSAJE A LOS GALARDONADOS, EL DOCTOR JAVIER PORTILLA ROBERTSON, DIRECTOR DE LA FO, SENALO QUE LOS PROFESORES SON EL PILAR , SIN EL CUAL NO SE PODRIAN FORMAR GENERACIONES DE MEDICOS CIRUJANOS.
A digitally controlled switching regulator (1977)

A switching regulator is described which uses parallel digital logic to "instantaneously" calculate proportional, integral and differential feedback. The control functions are examined individually and in combination with regards to implementation and performance. An alternative microprocessor software approach is discussed and conclusions drawn.
Diel Movements of Beaked Redfish and the Implications of These for Stratified Random Bottom Trawl Estimates of Biomass and Abundance (1989)

Beaked redfish Sebastes spp. in the northwest Atlantic Ocean exhibit diel vertical migrations, moving off the bottom at night in pursuit of their prey. This movement is quite well documented and has implications not only for commercial fisheries, but also for researchers who may conduct 24-h trawling surveys. Catch data obtained from 6,898 research fishing sets in depths of 180 m or greater in the northwest Atlantic, involving two different trawls, were analyzed to determine the relative catch rates for beaked redfish during different time periods. The results were applied, as correction factors, to the catches of three time series of stratified random surveys. Application of these correction factors did not have any significant effect on the trends in either abundance or biomass determined from these surveys or on the perceived geographic distribution of the fish. It is concluded that diel movements do not have to be accounted for during trawling surveys for beaked redfish under the current sampling and data analysis regime.