gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
IgE-Mediated Allergen Presentation and Blocking Antibodies: Regulation of T-Cell Activation in Allergy (2006)

It is well established that both the production of IgE by B lymphocytes and the maturation and recruitment of eosinophils in late-phase reactions are dependent on the activation of allergen-specific type-2 T-helper cells. What is less well known is the fact that efficient activation of allergen-specific T cells upon low-dose exposure to allergens is critically dependent on IgE-mediated or -facilitated allergen presentation. In fact, changes in the level of IgE-mediated allergen presentation may account for many of the immunological effects described for specific immunotherapy or anti-IgE treatment. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge, and will discuss the clinical relevance of blocking IgG antibodies induced by specific immunotherapy and anti-IgE monoclonal antibodies that both interfere with IgE-mediated allergen presentation.
Perforated dielectric resonator antennas (2002)

A dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is formed by perforating a dielectric substrate with a lattice of holes. The performance of several perforated DRA prototypes is compared to a conventional DRA and the results demonstrate better gain and cross-polarisation levels. This technique of fabricating DRAs using perforations is intended for array applications, eliminating the need to position and bond individual elements.
Graded gate VDMOSFET (2000)

In this work, we present a novel RF VDMOSFET with graded gate structure. It can be fabricated by regrowing gate oxide after gate patterning. This structure enables a very thin gate oxide to be used in the channel region; thus a much high transconductance can be obtained. At the gate edges, the gate oxide thickness increases smoothly to about three times that of the channel region. This releases the electric field crowding at the gate edge, improving the breakdown voltage from 24 V to 68 V.
Enhancing spot detection and reducing noise from digitized electrophoretic gel images using area processing filters (1993)

Twenty area processing filters and filter combinations were evaluated in an effort to optimize presentation of two-dimensional electrophoretic profiles to the Laplacian spot finder for maximal spot detection sensitivity. Images of electrophoresis gels were obtained by digitizing polyacrylamide gels at 1024 x 1024 picture elements (pixels) resolution with 256 grey scale levels using the charge coupled device (CCD) camera of the Millipore Bio Image 110S computerized imaging system. The images were imported into an Apple Macintosh microcomputer and selectively enhanced by applying various area processing filters. Previously described least squares fit, low-pass, Gaussian and median filters were used to reduce noise in the digitized images. These filters differ in that during the summation process the least squares template weighs the immediately adjacent pixels more heavily than the Gaussian template. The low-pass filters weigh all neighboring pixels equally. Median filters replace the pixel of interest with the middle (median) value of the pixel neighborhood. An analysis of convolution filter sizes indicated that a 7 x 7 matrix was optimal for 22 cm x 22 cm gels. When using the median area processing procedure, however, the 3 x 3 filter was found to be superior to the 7 x 7 filter. The 7 x 7 least squares filter significantly improved detection of low abundance polypeptides while having only minimal effects on the high abundance polypeptides. The 7 x 7 Gaussian and 3 x 3 median filters also improved detection of low abundance polypeptides but reduced the integrated areas of the high abundance polypeptides and thus their integrated optical densities as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evaluation and Treatment of Painful Peripheral Polyneuropathy (2005)

Pain is a common component of sensory peripheral polyneuropathy and occurs primarily as a consequence of injury to small, unmyelinated C-fiber nerve axons. This class of fibers is particularly vulnerable to metabolic injury, and the neuropathy manifests in a length-dependent pattern. Diabetes mellitus, prediabetes associated with insulin resistance, toxins, and drugs are common causes of painful neuropathy, but a substantial percentage are idiopathic. Pathogenesis of neuropathic pain involves loss of peripheral axons and inappropriate peripheral and central adaptation of neuronal signaling to this loss. Treatment of painful neuropathy should be directed at removing the offending metabolic injury, if possible. Antiepileptic drugs, tricyclic antidepressants, opiates, and other treatments have shown efficacy in clinical trials for symptomatic relief of neuropathic pain.
Estrogen Receptor–Positive, Progesterone Receptor–Negative Breast Cancer: Association With Growth Factor Receptor Expression and Tamoxifen Resistance (2005)

ER+/PR- tumors express higher levels of HER-1 and HER-2 and display more aggressive features than ER+/PR+ tumors. As in laboratory models, lack of PR expression in ER+ tumors may be a surrogate marker of aberrant growth factor signaling that could contribute to the tamoxifen resistance observed in these tumors.
Culture Conditions and Growth Characteristics of Bifidobacterium longum (1995)

A simple and low-cost medium was developed for the growth of Bifidobacterium longum KFRI 977. Of three bifidobacterial strains, B. longum KFRI 977 (ATCC 15707) showed the best growth in MRSC broth containing 0.3% oxgall, grew well in partially anaerobic condition, exhibited highest -galactosidase activity, and was inhibitory against Clostridium perfringens KFRI 434. Of three developed media, the population of B. longum KFRI 977 was highest (1.9/ml) in ISP based medium. The composition of ISP based medium is ISP (5%), glucose (1%), L-cysteine HCI (0.05%), Trypticase peptone (0.5%), yeast extract (0.5%), (0.05%), Tween-80 (0.1%), and phosphate buffer (pH 7.0). Hydrolysis of ISP by Protease A was unnecessary, and the use of phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) prevented the formation of protein precipitate. Associative culture of B. longum KFRI 977 with Lactobacillus acidophilus KFRI 233 was proven to be deleterous to the growth of B. longum KFRI 977.
Shape and size of a nonionic surfactant micelle. Triton X-100 in aqueous solution (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTShape and size of a nonionic surfactant micelle. Triton X-100 in aqueous solutionH. Hasko ParadiesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1980, 84, 6, 599–607Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100443a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j100443a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4573Altmetric-Citations245LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Dibutyltin Oxide Catalyzed Selective Sulfonylation of α-Chelatable Primary Alcohols (1999)

The reaction of substituted glycols with catalytic dibutyltin oxide, stoichiometric p-toluenesulfonyl chloride, and triethylamine in CH2Cl2 resulted in the complete and rapid sulfonylation at the primary alcohol. The α-heterosubstituted primary alcohol moiety appeared optimal for best results, supporting the intermediacy of a five-membered chelate. The role of the amine is discussed, in addition to catalyst requirements and solvent effects.
Tryptophan metabolism to kynurenine is a potential novel contributor to hypotension in human sepsis* (2011)

: Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 is expressed in resistance vessels in human sepsis and Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity correlates with hypotension in human septic shock. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase 1 is thus a potential novel contributor to hypotension in sepsis.
New Edges of RNA Adenosine Methylation Modifications (2016)

Recently an article published in Molecular Cell reveals the mechanism of a nuclear N 6 -methyladenosine (m 6 A) reader, the YTH domain-containing protein 1 (YTHDC1), in regulating pre-mRNA splicing Meanwhile, two additional articles published in Nature and Nature Chemical Biology report the first transcriptome-wide maps of N 1 -methyladenosine (m 1 A) at high resolution, suggesting a functional role for m 1 A in translation regulation
Nickel-Catalyzed Asymmetric Grignard Cross-Coupling of Dinaphthothiophene Giving Axially Chiral 1,1‘-Binaphthyls (2002)

Asymmetric cross-coupling of dinaphtho[2,1-b:1',2'-d]thiophene with ArMgBr (Ar = Ph, 4-MeC6H4, 4-MeOC6H4) proceeded with high enantioselectivity in THF at 20 degrees C in the presence of 3 mol % of a nickel catalyst generated from Ni(cod)2 and a chiral oxazoline-phosphine ligand to give high yields of axially chiral 2-mercapto-2'-aryl-1,1'-binaphthyls, whose enantiomeric excesses are over 93%. The mercapto group in the chiral binaphthyl was converted into iodo, boryl, and phosphino groups without racemization.
Spatial and temporal control of drug delivery. Preparation of novel drug carrier based on the self-association of block copolymer. (1995)

Drug targeting is currently a great challenge in biomedical research. Many strategies have been undertaken toward this goal utilizing various types of vehicle systems. For a promising candidate as an ideal drug carrier, we have prepared AB block copolymer micelles. Amphiphilic block copolymers in aqueous milieu form micellar structures through the association of hydrophobic segments. These micelles have several advantageous features as drug carrier systems due to their considerable thermodynamic stability as well as to the formation of a hydrophobic core separated from the outer aqueous milieu by the corona of hydrophilic segments. The core acts as the micrccontainer of drugs, which can be introduced into the core either through chemical linkage to core-forming segment or by a simple physical entrapment. This review presents a concept and strategy for using a block copolymer micelle as a nanometric virus-mimicking carrier of anti-cancer drugs to treat solid tumors. Further, formation of novel micelles system (polyion complex micelle) from a pair of oppositely charged block copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) segment was described as a novel carrier for peptides and nucleotides.
Diagnostic significance of SDS-PAA-electrophoresis of urinary proteins: different forms of proteinuria and their correlation to renal diseases. (1979)

Different types of urinary protein excretion may be recognized by determination of the proteins molecular weight. Beside chromatography different electrophoretic procedures have been applied to urinary proteins to study the underlying renal disease. The various zone electrophoreses separate merely by surface charge, proteins however covered by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) migrate according to their molecular radius. So by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis (SDS-PAe) macromolecular proteinurias (Mr 60,000- greater than 300,000 daltons) due to glomerular damage may be distinguished from micromolecular forms (Mr 10,000-70,000 d) due to tubular dysfunction. By densitometric quantitation of the separated Ig and transferrin an index of the glomerular selectivity is obtained, i.e. the capacity of the glomerular system, to retain serum proteins of a Mr above 150,000 d. By this procedure proliferative and degenerative glomerulopathies may be distinguished from minimal change disease, focal glomerular sclerosis and early membranous nephropathy; serial determinations of this selectivity index in the latter two disease entities show a gradual deterioration of glomerular protein handling with time. A glomerular proteinuria of even "physiological" quantity has been proved as early sign of renal involvment in systemic diseases; it may be detected earlier as for example the retinopathy in juvenile diabetics. Micromolecular proteinurias also occur at least in two forms: the typical tubular proteinuria (MW 10,000-70,000 d) is associated with acute or chronic severe tubular dysfunction as in interstitial nephritis and acute kidney failure; rejection episodes of kidney transplants lead to transient tubular proteinurias, too. The second form of micromolecular proteinuria (Mr 40,000-70,000 d) has been found frequently in association with a glomerular in diabetic and hypertensive glomerulosclerosis. By measuring clearances of the microproteins, the proteinuria with this pattern could be established as form independant from glomerular and tubular proteinurias. The constancy of the two micromolecular proteinurias led to the hypothesis of at least two selective mechanism of tubular protein resorption. SDS-PAe additionally allows the differentiation of extrarenal proteinurias, as caused by overflow, paraproteins, postrenal Ig-secretion or bleeding etc. In comparing clinical and in part histological data of about 2,000 patients suffering from kidney diseases the analysis of urinary proteins by this method has been proved as valuable non-invasive tool for diagnosis and follow-up.
A Scheduling Method for Avoiding Kernel Lock Thrashing on Multi-cores (2010)

Multi-core architectures have been adopted in various computing environments. Predictions based on Moore's Law state that thousands of cores can be integrated on a single chip within 10 years. To achieve better performance and scalability on multi-cores, applications should be multi-threaded, and therefore threads assigned on different cores can execute concurrently. However, lock contention in kernels can affect the scalability so significantly that the speedup decreases with the increasing number of cores (thrashing). Existing efforts to address this problem mainly focus on deferring lock thrashing, and therefore these techniques cannot prevent thrashing fundamentally. In this paper, we propose to use lock-aware scheduling to avoid thrashing. Our method detects thrashing on a per-thread basis and migrates contended threads to a smaller set of cores. The optimal number of cores is determined by maximizing the proposed normalized throughput model of migrated threads. The proposed method is implemented in Linux 2.6.29.4 and evaluated on a 32-core system. Experimental results on a series of lock-intensive micro- and macro-benchmarks show the effectiveness: for 3 of 5 workloads exhibiting thrashing behaviour, lock-aware scheduling can detect the speedup decrease accurately and sustain the maximal speedup, for the remaining 2 workloads, the performance can be improved greatly although the maximal speedup is not sustained, for 1 workload which does not suffer thrashing, the method introduces negligible runtime overhead.
Multidrug resistance in Leishmania donovani is conferred by amplification of a gene homologous to the mammalian mdr1 gene. (1992)

Drug resistance is a major impediment to the effective treatment of parasitic diseases. The role of multidrug resistance (mdr) genes and their products in this drug resistance phenomenon, however, remains controversial. In order to determine whether mdr gene amplification and overexpression can be connected to a multidrug resistance phenotype in parasitic protozoa, a mutant strain of Leishmania donovani was generated by virtue of its ability to proliferate in medium containing increasing concentrations of vinblastine. The vinblastine-resistant strain, VINB1000, displayed a cross-resistance to puromycin and the anthracyclines, a growth phenotype that could be attributed to an impaired ability to accumulate the toxic drugs. By using the polymerase chain reaction, two different DNA fragments, LEMDR06 and LEMDRF2, were amplified from leishmanial genomic DNA, and each amplified fragment encoded a product that was significantly homologous to parts of the mammalian P-glycoprotein. In the VINB1000 strain, the mdr gene recognized by the LEMDR06 probe was amplified approximately 50-fold in copy number, whereas the mdr genes that hybridized to LEMDRF2 or to a fragment of the previously characterized ltpgpA gene were not amplified. Moreover, the VINB1000 cell line expressed a LEMDR06 gene transcript of 12.5 kb in size that was not detected in the parental wild-type strain. To furnish a functional test for mdr gene amplification and expression in L. donovani, the L. donovani gene recognized by the LEMDR06 polymerase chain reaction product, ldmdr1, was isolated from a genomic library, transfected into wild-type cells, and amplified over 500-fold by selection in 0.5 mg of G418 per ml. The resulting transfectants were resistant to all drugs to which VINB1000 cells were resistant and sensitive to all drugs to which VINB1000 cells were sensitive. These studies demonstrate that amplification of the ldmdr1 gene either by direct selection or subsequent to transfection can confer a drug-resistant phenotype in parasitic protozoa similar to that observed for MDR mammalian cells.
Shard ranking and cutoff estimation for topically partitioned collections (2012)

Large document collections can be partitioned into 'topical shards' to facilitate distributed search. In a low-resource search environment only a few of the shards can be searched in parallel. Such a search environment faces two intertwined challenges. First, determining which shards to consult for a given query: shard ranking. Second, how many shards to consult from the ranking: cutoff estimation. In this paper we present a family of three algorithms that address both of these problems. As a basis we employ a commonly used data structure, the central sample index (CSI), to represent the shard contents. Running a query against the CSI yields a flat document ranking that each of our algorithms transforms into a tree structure. A bottom up traversal of the tree is used to infer a ranking of shards and also to estimate a stopping point in this ranking that yields cost-effective selective distributed search. As compared to a state-of-the-art shard ranking approach the proposed algorithms provide substantially higher search efficiency while providing comparable search effectiveness.
Phosprenyl: a novel drug with antiviral and immunomodulatory activity. (1996)

A novel antiviral drug with immunomodulatory activity (Phosprenyl) is presented. The main active ingredient of the preparation is polyprenyl phosphates. This medicine is highly efficient against a number of viruses, including HIV in vitro, and tick-borne encephalitis and rabies viruses in the experimental models in vivo. In veterinary practice Phosprenyl is now regarded as an effective therapeutic means for treatment of canine distemper, hepatitis, enteritis, etc.
Comparative Regional Pupillography as a Noninvasive Biosensor Screening Method for Diabetic Retinopathy (2012)

Q(A) and Q(CV) values correlated highly with the severity of diabetic retinopathy, but not with the duration of diabetes.
Detection of water leakage in buried pipes using infrared technology; A comparative study of using high and low resolution infrared cameras for evaluating distant remote detection (2015)

Water is one of the most precious commodities around the world. However, significant amount of water is lost daily in many countries through broken and leaking pipes. This paper investigates the use of low and high resolution infrared systems to detect water leakage in relatively dry countries. The overall aim is to develop a non-contact and high speed system that could be used to detect leakage in pipes remotely via the effect of the change in humidity on the temperature of the ground due to evaporation. A small scale experimental test rig has been constructed to simulate water leakage in The Great Man-Made River Project in Libya, taking into consideration the dryness level of the desert sand and the scaled dimensions of the system. The results show that the infrared technology is an effective technology in detecting water leakage in pipes. The low resolution system has been found as valuable as the high resolution system in detecting water leakage. The results indicate the possibility of distant remote detection of leakage in water systems using infrared technologies which could be mobilised using drones, helium balloons, aeroplanes or other similar technologies.
Phase sensitivity of polarization-maintaining optical fiber used as temperature sensor (1986)

A method is given to calculate the thermal stress distributions in coated polarization-maintaining fibers. From the stresses, the phase sensitivities of these fibers are calculated. It is found that polarization-maintaining fibers do not offer any significant increase in phase sensitivity over conventional fiber. Coating with Silicone resin tends to reduce the sensitivity while the glass substrate (start tube) with higher thermal expansion coefficient than that of the cladding increases the sensitivity.
Kinematic Analysis of Deployable Scissor Structure s (1999)

The paper deals with the geometric design of deployable scissor structures. These structures are classified as foldable or deployable. A foldable structure guarantees a stress free condition during deployment. A new equation, the foldability equation is derived. The foldability equation is formulated using a purely geometric approach. The foldability vector used in the foldability equation is formulated for some basic units in deployable structures. The foldability equation is then used to analyse the kinematics and determine the foldability/deployability of translational, cylindrical, and spherical configurations.
SOME MEASURED PERFORMANCE BOUNDS AND IMPLEMENTATION CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE LEMPEL-ZIV-WELCH DATA COMPACTION ALGORITHM (1992)

International Telemetering Conference Proceedings / October 26-29, 1992 / Town and Country Hotel and Convention Center, San Diego, California
[Accidental falls using ladders leaning against a wall. A study of 266 cases in relation to the cause of the accident, sequelae and prevention]. (1989)

Falling accidents rank high on the list of industrial accidents in the building industry, accounting for 5.6 per cent (2) of allnotifiable cases. Studies were conducted into 266 falling accidents from lean-to-wall ladders, with age, trade, time of accident, cause of accident, and consequences being separately analysed. More than 50 per cent of all falling accidents occurred to workers while they were climbing ladders. Slight injuries accounted for 60.5 per cent, moderate injuries for 32.7 per cent, and severe injuries for 6.8 per cent. The falling depths of 79 per cent were between 0.3 m and 1.99 m. Lower extremities were primarily affected by distortion or dislocation, while upper extremities were more often injured by fractures. Non-compliance with safety rules was the most common single cause.
The sulfhydryl oxidase Erv1 is a substrate of the Mia40‐dependent protein translocation pathway (2007)

The thiol oxidase Erv1 and the redox-regulated receptor Mia40/Tim40 are components of a disulfide relay system which mediates import of proteins into the intermembrane space (IMS) of mitochondria. Here we report that Erv1 requires Mia40 for its import into mitochondria. After passage across the translocase of the mitochondrial outer membrane Erv1 interacts via disulfide bonds with Mia40. Erv1 does not contain twin "CX(3)C" or twin "CX(9)C" motifs which are crucial for import of typical substrates of this pathway and it does not need two "CX(2)C" motifs for import into mitochondria. Thus, Erv1 represents an unusual type of substrate of the Mia40-dependent import pathway.