gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Field Tests of Organic Additives for Scale Control at the Salton Sea Geothermal Field (1982)

Abstract A pilot-size brine handling system was operated from Magmamax Well 1 in southern California to study the characteristics of siliceous scale deposition and to evaluate the possibility of treating the brine with chemical additives to control scaling. The rates of formation, chemical constitution, and morphology of the scales were examined as functions of temperature, brine salinity, substrate material, and antiscalant additive activity. Potential antiscalant compounds were screened using a silica-precipitation inhibition test at 90°C. The most active classes of compounds were those containing polymeric chains of oxyethylene and polymeric nitrogen compounds that are cationic in character. The best single compound was Corcat P-18™ (Cordova Chemical Co. polyethylene imine; molecular weight ~1,800). This compound had no effect on the scale formed at 220°C but it reduced the rates of scaling at 125 and 90°C by factors of 4 and 18, respectively, and it also functioned as a corrosion inhibitor. The best additive formulation for the brines of the Salton Sea Geothermal field (SSGF) appears to be a mixture of an organic silica-precipitation inhibitor, a small amount of hydrochloric acid, and a phosphonate crystalline deposit inhibitor.
Design considerations for distributed caching on the Internet (2003)

We describe the design and implementation of an integrated architecture for cache systems that scale to hundreds or thousands of caches with thousands to millions of users. Rather than simply try to maximize hit rates, we take an end-to-end approach to improving response time by also considering hit times and miss times. We begin by studying several Internet caches and workloads, and we derive three core design principles for large scale distributed caches: minimize the number of hops to locate and access data on both hits and misses; share data among many users and scale to many caches; and cache data close to clients. Our strategies for addressing these issues are built around a scalable, high-performance data-location service that tracks where objects are replicated. We describe how to construct such a service and how to use this service to provide direct access to remote data and push-based data replication. We evaluate our system through trace-driven simulation and find that these strategies together provide response time speedups of 1.27 to 2.43 compared to a traditional three-level cache hierarchy for a range of trace workloads and simulated environments.
Revocation Systems with Very Small Private Keys (2010)

In this work, we design a method for creating public key broadcast encryption systems. Our main technical innovation is based on a new "two equation" technique for revoking users. This technique results in two key contributions: First, our new scheme has ciphertext size overhead O(r), where r is the number of revoked users, and the size of public and private keys is only a constant number of group elements from an elliptic-curve group of prime order. In addition, the public key allows us to encrypt to an unbounded number of users. Our system is the first to achieve such parameters. We give two versions of our scheme: a simpler version which we prove to be selectively secure in the standard model under a new, but non-interactive assumption, and another version that employs the new dual system encryption technique of Waters to obtain adaptive security under the d-BDH and decisional Linear assumptions. Second, we show that our techniques can be used to realize Attribute-Based Encryption (ABE) systems with nonmonotonic access formulas, where our key storage is significantly more efficient than previous solutions. This result is also proven selectively secure in the standard model under our new non-interactive assumption.
Linear group-wise successive interference cancellation in CDMA (2002)

In this paper, we consider a matrix-algebraic approach to linear group-wise successive interference cancellation. As for both successive and parallel cancellation, it is shown that the general linear group-wise scheme corresponds to a one-shot linear matrix filtering. Furthermore, it is shown that if the general structure converges, it converges to the decorrelator. Four structures are considered for the group detector, namely the matched filter, the parallel canceller, the decorrelator and the MMSE detector, and the equivalent one-shot filters are derived. Conditions for convergence related to the grouping are studied and it is shown that group detection with a decorrelator, which has conventional successive interference cancellation as a special case, always converges. Through numerical examples, it is illustrated that the performance for all the structures behaves like the performance for the linear successive canceller where a minimum BER is reached before convergence to the performance of the decorrelator occurs. The matched filter group canceller achieves the lowest minimum BER but also has the slowest convergence.
A Sex Attractant for the Clover Cutworm, Scotogramma trifolii (Rottenberg),1 a Mixture of Z-11-Hexadecen-1-ol Acetate and Z-11-Hexadecen-1-ol (1975)

A mixture of Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol acetate and Z-11-hexadecen-1-ol in a ratio of 9:1 was found to be a specific attractant for the adult male clover cutworm, Scotogramma trofolii (Rottenberg), in the field. The mixture was used at 0.1 and 1.0 mg on rubber bands and polyethylene carriers in a cylindrical cone-type trap. The pure chemicals alone were nonattractive.
Quantitative ultrastructural analysis of receptor‐mediated insulin uptake into adipocytes (1983)

Monomeric ferritin-insulin was used as an ultrastructural marker to determine by quantitative electron microscopy the time course and route of insulin uptake in rat adipocytes. To approximate steady state membrane binding conditions prior to any internalization, adipocytes were prefixed with glutaraldehyde and incubated for 30 min with 70 nM monomeric ferritin-insulin. Electron micrographs of these cells showed that the ferritin-insulin particles were predominantly in small groups of receptor sites on the plasma membrane and in pinocytotic-like invaginations of the plasma membrane. Significant amounts of ferritin-insulin were observed in cytoplasmic vesicles of unfixed cells as early as 2 min and in multivesicular bodies and lysosome-like structures within 5 to 10 min after the addition of the ligand. Ferritin-insulin accumulation reached steady state levels in the cytoplasmic vesicles in 5 to 10 min and in the lysosome-like structures in 15 min. Little ferritin-insulin was bound to coated pits, and the relative paucity of coated pits found in adipocytes suggested that these specialized endocytotic structures have a relatively insignificant role in insulin uptake in fat cells. Quantitative analysis of the uptake process suggested that a proportion of the insulin internalized by the cell may not be transported to lysosomes, but may be recycled along with the insulin receptor to the plasma membrane.
Gold/Carbon Composite Tubes and Gold Nanowires by Impregnating Templates with Hydrogen Tetrachloroaurate/Acetone Solutions (2004)

Carbon/gold composite nanotubes as well as gold nanorods were synthesized by the impregnation of porous alumina with diluted hydrogen tetrachloroaurate (HAuCl4)/acetone solutions and subsequent thermolysis at moderate temperatures. Gold(III) is reduced, whereas carbon provided by the solvent acetone is oxidized. No oxygen and chlorine remain in the tube walls, which consist of gold nanocrystals supported by amorphous carbon. If the template pores have a diameter below a certain threshold value, which is of the order of 180 nm, single-crystalline gold nanowires are obtained. The methodology presented here may allow for synthesizing carbon tubes from ordinary acetone just by annealing.
The primary structure of staphylococcal protease (1978)

The amino acid sequence of staphylococcal protease has been determined by analysis of tryptic peptides obtained from cyanogen bromide fragments. Selected peptides obtained from digests with staphylococcal protease, thermolysin, and chymotrypsin provided the information necessary to align the tryptic peptides and the cyanogen bromide fragments. The protease is a single polypeptide chain of some 250 amino acids and is devoid of sulfhydryl groups. The COOH-terminal tryptic peptide of of the protease molecule contains some 43 residues, most of which are aspartic acids, asparagines, and prolines. The amino acid sequence of this peptide was not determined. The primary structure near the active serine residue indicates that staphylococcal protease is related to the pancreatic serine proteases. However, it has little or no additional sequence homologies with these enzymes except for the regions near histidine-50 and aspartic acid - 91. These regions have striking similarities with the corresponding regions of protease B and the trypsin-like enzyme of Streptomyces griseus.
Potentiation of radiosensitivity by 7-hydroxystaurosporine (UCN-01) in a pulmonary adenocarcinoma cell line (2002)

Objective To investigate the radiosensitization of 7 hydroxystaurosporine (UCN 01) by its abrogation of radiation induced G 2 arrest. Methods Flow cytometry was used to observe the cell cycle effect of X ray irradiation and UCN 01 on human pulmonary adenocarcinoma cells (973) with mutated p53. The effect of radiosensitivity was determined by clonogenic assay and was quantified by calculating the sensitive enhancement ratio (SER). Results Irradiation resulted in G 2 arrest in a dose dependent manner. The proportion of cells in G 2 phase increased from 14.8% in the control group to 42.8%, 55.9% and 60.5% 12 hour after irradiation of 2, 4 and 6 ?Gy respectively. Radiation induced G 2 arrest was abrogated by UCN 01 in a concentration dependent manner. UCN 01 at the concentrations of 50, 100, 200 and 400?nmol/L decreased the proportion of cells in G 2 phase of 35.4% in the control group to 23.5%, 19.6%, 16.3% and 12.4%, respectively. UCN 01 resulted in a radiosensitization in 973 cells. SER was 1.13 and 1.31 respectively for 200 ?nmol/L and 400?nmol/L UCN 01. Conclusion Radiosensitization of UCN 01 in 973 cells characterized by mutated p53 is associated with its abrogation of radiation induced G 2 arrest.
Design of low-power, fast-transient-response, capacitor-less low-dropout regulator for mobile applications (2016)

This paper presents a capacitor-less low-dropout (LDO) regulator for on-chip mobile applications. An additional push-pull current with a capacitive coupling circuit is proposed to significantly enhance the transient response of the LDO regulator. The proposed LDO regulator can deliver an output current of 100 mA with a minimum dropout voltage of 0.4 V. The circuit was modeled and implemented in a 0.35-µm CMOS process with a die area of 0.22 mm2. The experimental results show that the LDO regulator can be recovered within 0.5 µs at a voltage spike less than 90 mV.
Quantitative EMG and muscle tension in painful muscles in fibromyalgia (1990)

Examinations were performed in 22 female fibromyalgic patients and in 9 healthy controls. The biceps brachii, trapezius, and tibial anterior muscles were examined electromyographically. The changes found were minor and non-specific. This implies that there is no important loss of motor units and no conspicuous muscle fiber degeneration in fibromyalgia. Our investigation also failed to demonstrate any electrically detectable muscle activity in muscles where the patients during the examination reported pain (paraspinal, trapezius and tibial anterior muscles). This means that muscle tension cannot be a prominent pathogenetic factor in fibromyalgia and that factors other than muscle tension are responsible for maintaining the pain in fibromyalgia.
Improving robot navigation through self‐supervised online learning (2006)

Abstract In mobile robotics, there are often features that, while potentially powerful for improving navigation, prove difficult to profit from as they generalize poorly to novel situations. Overhead imagery data, for instance, have the potential to greatly enhance autonomous robot navigation in complex outdoor environments. In practice, reliable and effective automated interpretation of imagery from diverse terrain, environmental conditions, and sensor varieties proves challenging. Similarly, fixed techniques that successfully interpret on‐board sensor data across many environments begin to fail past short ranges as the density and accuracy necessary for such computation quickly degrade and features that are able to be computed from distant data are very domain specific. We introduce an online, probabilistic model to effectively learn to use these scope‐limited features by leveraging other features that, while perhaps otherwise more limited, generalize reliably. We apply our approach to provide an efficient, self‐supervised learning method that accurately predicts traversal costs over large areas from overhead data. We present results from field testing on‐board a robot operating over large distances in various off‐road environments. Additionally, we show how our algorithm can be used offline with overhead data to produce a priori traversal cost maps and detect misalignments between overhead data and estimated vehicle positions. This approach can significantly improve the versatility of many unmanned ground vehicles by allowing them to traverse highly varied terrains with increased performance. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collaborative concept mapping software to reconstruct learning processes (2003)

The purpose of this study is to develop the software that supports the externalization of ideas, reflection on thinking processes, and dialogues with oneself and with others during collaborative concept mapping. The characteristic functions of this software include the following: (1) playback: the software automatically saves the concept mapping process, and the learner can playback it at any time, even in the middle of the process; (2) improvement: the learner can return to any desired point in the concept mapping process by undoing it up to that point and improve the concept map; and (3) collaborative concept mapping: the learner can make a concept map in collaboration with others sharing the same screen on several computers linked to the same network. Twenty-four elementary school teachers were asked to evaluation this software in the questionnaire in terms of the usability of the software, convenience of the user interface, feasibility of collaborative concept mapping and playback of the collaborative concept mapping process, effectiveness of the functions, usability in lessons. Analysis of their responses demonstrated that many of the teachers highly evaluated the software in all aspects.
Comparative Study of Automated Versus Manual Extraction of DNA from Clinical Specimens (1990)

The authors have compared an automated method for DNA extraction with an established manual method using routine clinical specimens. The purity, yield, and quality of the extracted DNA was assessed by ultraviolet absorbency measurements, gel electrophoresis, and DNA probe hybridization. The automated DNA extractor can provide high molecular weight DNA equivalent in purity, yield, and quality to that obtained by the manual method with substantial savings in technologist time and overall costs associated with the procedure.
Glucagon‐like peptide 1 modulates calcium responses to glutamate and membrane depolarization in hippocampal neurons (2003)

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) activates receptors coupled to cAMP production and calcium influx in pancreatic cells, resulting in enhanced glucose sensitivity and insulin secretion. Despite evidence that the GLP-1 receptor is present and active in neurons, little is known of the roles of GLP-1 in neuronal physiology. As GLP-1 modulates calcium homeostasis in pancreatic beta cells, and because calcium plays important roles in neuronal plasticity and neurodegenerative processes, we examined the effects of GLP-1 on calcium regulation in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. When neurons were pre-treated with GLP-1, calcium responses to glutamate and membrane depolarization were attenuated. Whole-cell patch clamp analyses showed that glutamate-induced currents and currents through voltage-dependent calcium channels were significantly decreased in neurons pre-treated with GLP-1. Pre-treatment of neurons with GLP-1 significantly decreased their vulnerability to death induced by glutamate. Acute application of GLP-1 resulted in a transient elevation of intracellular calcium levels, consistent with the established effects of GLP-1 on cAMP production and activation of cAMP response element-binding protein. Collectively, our findings suggest that, by modulating calcium responses to glutamate and membrane depolarization, GLP-1 may play important roles in regulating neuronal plasticity and cell survival.
Visual recognition using concurrent and layered parameter networks (2003)

A vision system to recognize 3-D objects is presented. A novel notion of generalized feature makes it possible to develop a homogeneous architecture to support recognition from simple partial features to complex feature assemblies and 3-D objects. Layered concurrent parameter transforms vote for feature hypotheses on the basis of image data and previously reconstructed features. Recognition networks, motivated by connectionist systems, collect votes, fuse evidence from various sources and ensure global consistency. In addition, they provide an integrated solution to the segmentation problem. The highly modular design allows fundamentally different types of features to interact in a coherent way, utilizing redundancies for more robust recognition. Within this paradigm, a system extracts planar patches, patches of quadrics of revolution, and the intersection curves of these surfaces (lines and conic sections in three-space) from a depth map. Reconstructed features index into a model database to form consistent object hypotheses. Experimental results detailing the recognition behavior or real depth maps are included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Natural and directed antigenic drift of the H1 influenza virus hemagglutinin stalk domain (2017)

The induction of antibodies specific for the influenza HA protein stalk domain is being pursued as a universal strategy against influenza virus infections. However, little work has been done looking at natural or induced antigenic variability in this domain and the effects on viral fitness. We analyzed human H1 HA head and stalk domain sequences and found substantial variability in both, although variability was highest in the head region. Furthermore, using human immune sera from pandemic A/California/04/2009 immune subjects and mAbs specific for the stalk domain, viruses were selected in vitro containing mutations in both domains that partially contributed to immune evasion. Recombinant viruses encoding amino acid changes in the HA stalk domain replicated well in vitro, and viruses incorporating two of the stalk mutations retained pathogenicity in vivo. These findings demonstrate that the HA protein stalk domain can undergo limited drift under immune pressure and the viruses can retain fitness and virulence in vivo, findings which are important to consider in the context of vaccination targeting this domain.
Reducing poverty in the UK: an important role for nurses (2007)

This article discusses poverty in the U.K. and its relevance to nurses. It explores the contribution that nurses in primary and secondary care can make to alleviate some of the aspects of poverty as encountered in professional practice in the U.K.
MECHANISMS AFFECTING DISPERSION AND MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENT (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMECHANISMS AFFECTING DISPERSION AND MISCIBLE DISPLACEMENTRichard J. Nunge and William N. GillCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1969, 61, 9, 33–49Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50717a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50717a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views198Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Thermodynamic analysis of thermophotovoltaic efficiency and power density tradeoffs (2001)

This report presents an assessment of the efficiency and power density limitations of thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion systems for both ideal (radiative limited) and practical (defect-limited) systems. Thermodynamics is integrated into the unique physics of TPV conversion, and used to define the intrinsic tradeoff between power density and efficiency. The results of the analysis reveal that the selection of diode band gap sets a limit on achievable efficiency well below the traditional Carnot level. In addition it is shown that filter performance dominates diode performance in any practical TPV system and determines the optimum band gap for a given radiator temperature. It is demonstrated that for a given radiator temperature, lower band-gap diodes enable both higher efficiency and power density when spectral control limitations are included. The goal of this work is to provide a better understanding of the basic system limitations that will enable successful long-term development of TPV energy conversion technology.
Concurrent error detection in ALUs by recomputing with rotated operands (2003)

Analyzes concurrent error detection in arithmetic logic units by recomputing with rotated operands by k bits (RERO-k). Even though RERO-k was suggested as an extension of recomputation with shifted operands by k bits (RESO-k), the RERO implementation for arithmetic operations and its application to carry lookahead adders have not been shown. It is claimed that complex control units should be used to make RERO feasible. This control hardware may add additional faults which are different from the bit-slice faults in the ALU. In this approach, by adding only one spare bit slice in the arithmetic logic unit, RERO is possible for error detection of logical and arithmetic operations in either ripple carry adders and carry lookahead adders without any additional hardware control unit. Proof will be given that RERO-k can detect (k mod n) consecutive errors in logical operations and (k mod (n+1)-1) consecutive errors in arithmetic operations, where n is the length of the original arithmetic logic unit. This demonstrates that RERO preserves all the error detection features of RESO. With less hardware, time redundancy and more flexibility for error detection, the approach makes RERO more appropriate for VLSI designs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>