gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Review of laser hybrid welding (2005)

In this article, an overview of the hybrid welding process is given. After a short historic overview, a review of the fundamental phenomenon taking place when a laser (CO2 or Nd:YAG) interacts in the same molten pool as a more conventional source of energy, e.g. tungsten in-active gas, plasma, or metal inactive gas/metal active gas. This is followed by reports of how the many process parameters governing the hybrid welding process can be set and how the choice of secondary energy source, shielding gas, etc. can affect the overall welding process. An overview of the benefits and drawbacks of hybrid welding is presented, including reports on gap bridging ability, changes in welding speed and weld penetration, overall weld quality, and changes in heat input to the material being welded. This overview is followed by a few examples of industrial applications of hybrid welding. Finally, a section is devoted to explain about further work required in order to understand and tackle the hybrid welding process more efficiently in the future.
Factors Influencing Oxygen Concentration Gradients in the Intervertebral Disc (1991)

Oxygen concentration gradients in the intervertebral disc were calculated to examine the effects of exchange area and disc thickness on oxygen concentrations and oxygen flux into the disc. The concentration gradients were determined using the two-dimensional Poisson equation with experimental values for oxygen consumption rate and oxygen diffusion. The calculated gradients were steep, and the oxygen concentrations in the center of thick discs were low, in agreement with experimental gradients. The results support the hypothesis that maximum cell density in the disc is determined by nutrient supply and that exchange area and disc thickness are critical parameters.
The structural basis of ankyrin function. I. Identification of two structural domains. (1984)

The structure of ankyrin, a major linking protein between spectrin and the erythrocyte membrane, was analyzed after restricted proteolytic digestion at 0 degree C. By the use of two-dimensional peptide mapping, we found that tryptic digestion of ankyrin (1 h, 0 degree C) resulted in the production of two nonoverlapping peptides of molecular weights 82,000 and 55,000. The 82,000-dalton peptide had a basic isoelectric point (7.9) and was remarkably sensitive to further proteolytic digestion; after 24 h at 0 degree C, trypsin completely digested this peptide into fragments too small to detect by gel electrophoresis. The 55,000-dalton peptide was neutral (isoelectric point = 6.9-7.2) and more resistant to further proteolytic cleavage. After a 24-h digestion with trypsin at 0 degrees C, the 55,000-dalton peptide was cleaved into two complementary fragments of molecular weight 32,000 and 15,000. Analysis of phosphorylated ankyrin indicated that the phosphates were exclusively found in these two complementary peptides. By comparison with larger fragments, we were able to align the constituent peptides of ankyrin and propose a low resolution model. Ankyrin appears to be a bipolar molecule containing a basic domain of 82,000 daltons and a neutral phosphorylated domain of 55,000 daltons.
Acorus calamus : An overview (2010)

Acorus calamus (Sweet flag) is a wetland perennial monocot plant,  in which the scented leaves and rhizomes have been traditionally used medicinally against different ailments like,fever, asthma, bronchitis, cough and mainly for digestive problems such as gas, bloating, colic, and poor digestive function. Number of active constituents and essential oil were identified and characterized from the leaves and rhizomes of sweet flag. An over view of the pharmacological activities and insecticidal activities are summarized here.

	 

	Key words: Acorus calamus, Acorus gramineus, Acoraceae, active constituents, pharmacology.
Cyclopiazonic Acid is a Specific Inhibitor of the Ca2+-ATPase of Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (1989)

The mycotoxin, cyclopiazonic acid (CPA), inhibits the Ca2+-stimulated ATPase (EC 3.6.1.38) and Ca2+ transport activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum (Goeger, D. E., Riley, R. T., Dorner, J. W., and Cole, R. J. (1988) Biochem. Pharmacol. 37, 978-981). We found that at low ATP concentrations (0.5-2 microM) the inhibition of ATPase activity was essentially complete at a CPA concentration of 6-8 nmol/mg protein, indicating stoichiometric reaction of CPA with the Ca2+-ATPase. Cyclopiazonic acid caused similar inhibition of the Ca2+-stimulated ATP hydrolysis in intact sarcoplasmic reticulum and in a purified preparation of Ca2+-ATPase. Cyclopiazonic acid also inhibited the Ca2+-dependent acetylphosphate, p-nitrophenylphosphate and carbamylphosphate hydrolysis by sarcoplasmic reticulum. ATP protected the enzyme in a competitive manner against inhibition by CPA, while a 10(5)-fold change in free Ca2+ concentration had only moderate effect on the extent of inhibition. CPA did not influence the crystallization of Ca2+-ATPase by vanadate or the reaction of fluorescein-5'-isothiocyanate with the Ca2+-ATPase, but it completely blocked at concentrations as low as 1-2 mol of CPA/mol of ATPase the fluorescence changes induced by Ca2+ and [ethylenebis(oxyethylenenitrilo)]tetraacetic acid (EGTA) in FITC-labeled sarcoplasmic reticulum and inhibited the cleavage of Ca2+-ATPase by trypsin at the T2 cleavage site in the presence of EGTA. These observations suggest that CPA interferes with the ATP-induced conformational changes related to Ca2+ transport. The effect of CPA on the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase appears to be fairly specific, since the kidney and brain Na+,K+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.37), the gastric H+,K+-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.36), the mitochondrial F1-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.34), the Ca2+-ATPase of erythrocytes, and the Mg2+-activated ATPase of T-tubules and surface membranes of rat skeletal muscle were not inhibited by CPA, even at concentrations as high as 1000 nmol/mg protein.
Virginia Penitentiary, 1797 (1953)

Research Article| December 01 1953 Virginia Penitentiary, 1797 Charles E. Peterson Charles E. Peterson Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians (1953) 12 (4): 27–28. https://doi.org/10.2307/987651 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Charles E. Peterson; Virginia Penitentiary, 1797. Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 1 December 1953; 12 (4): 27–28. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/987651 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentJournal of the Society of Architectural Historians Search This content is only available via PDF. Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Women and alcohol (1992)

There are some areas in the wider ﬁeld of substance misuse which are important
to examine. One of these is gender. Originally the majority of work carried out
on this topic related to men. It was assumed that women would have similar
problems and similar predictors of developing problems. More recent work has
shown some of these assumptions to be incorrect.
The POU Factor Oct-6 and Schwann Cell Differentiation (1996)

The POU transcription factor Oct-6, also known as SCIP or Tst-1, has been implicated as a major transcriptional regulator in Schwann cell differentiation. Microscopic and immunochemical analysis of sciatic nerves of Oct-6(-/-) mice at different stages of postnatal development reveals a delay in Schwann cell differentiation, with a transient arrest at the promyelination stage. Thus, Oct-6 appears to be required for the transition of promyelin cells to myelinating cells. Once these cells progress past this point, Oct-6 is no longer required, and myelination occurs normally.
The Cyclostationary Nature of Crosstalk Interference from Digital Signals in Multipair Cable--Part I: Fundamentals (1983)

This paper considers the cyclostationary nature of digital signals when determining crosstalk interference between such signals in multipair cable. This approach is necessary as the interference is only relevant at the decision instants in the receivers of the disturbed systems and any time variation of this interference with respect to the sampling instants changes the effect of this interference; previous studies in the area have ignored the cyclostationary nature of the digital signal. Expressions for the time-varying mean and variance of far-end and near-end crosstalk (FEXT and NEXT) have been derived. These expressions demonstrate the inherently smaller time variation of the NEXT interference when compared to the FEXT interference. An interesting result is that the calculation of the time-averaged value of the variance of FEXT and NEXT interference still requires the use of the cyclostationary properties of the digital signal. The results of this paper are extended and applied to various examples of the engineering of digital line systems in multipair cable in Part II of this paper.
Study and Analysis of Turbine Blade Design in a New Wind Power System (2012)

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Synthesizing signal generator for use with lock-in amplifiers in audiofrequency measurements (1986)

Lock-in amplifiers may be used to measure audiofrequency signals with linearity errors of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> or less. Accuracy is often limited, however, by errors of 1-2 percent in the quadrature separation of the lock-in's polarizing signals. A signal generator is described which in the range 31 Hz-8 kHz provides sinusoidal measuring signals together with a square-wave signal which may be phase-shifted in precise steps of 90°. With this square wave as the external reference of a lock-in, signals may be resolved into orthogonal components with accuracies of 1 in 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> . The generator is programmable, and so permits sequences of measurements to be executed under computer control.
Fox colors in relation to colors in mice and sheep (1987)

Color inheritance in foxes is explained in terms of homology between color loci in foxes, mice, and sheep. The hypothesis presented suggests that the loci A (agouti), B (black/chocolate brown pigment) and E (extension of eumelanin vs. phaeomelanin) all occur in foxes, both the red fox, Vulpes vulpes, and the arctic fox, Alopex lagopus. Two alleles are postulated at each locus in each species. At the A locus, the (top) dominant allele in the red fox, Ar, produces red color and the corresponding allele in the arctic fox, Aw, produces the winter-white color. The bottom recessive allele in both species is a, which results in the black color of the silver fox and a rare black color in the Icelandic arctic fox when homozygous. The B alleles are assumed to be similar in both species: B, dominant, producing black eumelanin, and b, recessive, producing chocolate brown eumelanin when homozygous. The recessive E allele at the E locus in homozygous form has no effect on the phenotype determined by alleles at the A locus, while Ed, the dominant allele is epistatic to the A alleles and results in Alaska black in the red fox and the dark phase in the arctic fox. Genetic formulae of various color forms of red and arctic fox and their hybrids are presented.
Single Machine Scheduling with Release Dates (2002)

We consider the scheduling problem of minimizing the average weighted completion time of n jobs with release dates on a single machine. We first study two linear programming relaxations of the problem, one based on a time-indexed formulation, the other on a completion-time formulation. We show their equivalence by proving that a O(n log n) greedy algorithm leads to optimal solutions to both relaxations. The proof relies on the notion of mean busy times of jobs, a concept which enhances our understanding of these LP relaxations. Based on the greedy solution, we describe two simple randomized approximation algorithms, which are guaranteed to deliver feasible schedules with expected objective function value within factors of 1.7451 and 1.6853, respectively, of the optimum. They are based on the concept of common and independent $\alpha$-points, respectively. The analysis implies in particular that the worst-case relative error of the LP relaxations is at most 1.6853, and we provide instances showing that it is at least $e/(e-1) \approx 1.5819$. Both algorithms may be derandomized; their deterministic versions run in O(n2 ) time. The randomized algorithms also apply to the on-line setting, in which jobs arrive dynamically over time and one must decide which job to process without knowledge of jobs that will be released afterwards.
The expression of neomycin phosphotransferase in human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60) delays their differentiation. (1988)

In a series of experiments investigating the differentiation of human promyelocytic leukemia cells (HL60) in the presence of chemical inducers, we have transduced the bacterial neomycin-phosphotransferase (NPT) gene into the HL60 genome. We show here, that HL60 cells expressing the NPT gene under the control of different transcriptional promoters differentiate significantly slower than the parental HL60 cells. Competition experiments involving the use of excess amounts of specific NPT substrate (i.e. G418) revealed that the delay in the differentiation response of neo-resistant HL60 cells results from the action of the neomycin-phosphotransferase protein. We conclude that the activity of the NPT gene may prove a useful tool in elucidating the control of differentiation in HL60 cells.
On the Safe Operating Area of power Schottky diodes in avalanche conditions (2005)

The aim of this paper is to give an insight and a possible explanation of the limitations in the reverse bias safe operating area of power Schottky diodes. A consistent set of experimental data together with theoretical analysis and ATLAS simulations are presented to explain possible reasons of device failures.
Differential regulation of telomerase activity and TERT expression during brain development in mice (2001)

Telomerase is an enzyme activity consisting of a reverse transcriptase called TERT and an RNA component that adds repeats of a DNA sequence (TTAGGG) to the ends of chromosomes, thereby preventing their shortening. Associations between telomerase activity and proliferation and differentiation of neural tumor cells and neural stem cells have been reported, but the role of telomerase in brain development is unknown. We now report analyses of telomerase activity, TERT mRNA levels and levels of mRNAs encoding the telomere-associated proteins TRF1 and TRF2 in three different brain regions (brainstem, hippocampus and cerebral cortex) and the eye of mice at increasing developmental time points. Telomerase activity is high in the brain at embryonic day 13 (E13), declines markedly between E13 and E18, remains at a low level until postnatal day 3 (P3) and becomes undetectable by P10. Surprisingly, the temporal pattern of change in telomerase activity is not paralleled by a decrease in levels of TERT mRNA that remain elevated from E13 to P5 (with fluctuations during this time window that vary among brain regions), and then decrease to a lower level that is maintained into adulthood. TRF1 and TRF2 mRNA levels are relatively constant throughout brain development. Our data are consistent with a role for telomerase activity in proliferation of neural progenitor cells, and further suggest that TERT may play roles in neuronal differentiation and survival. The dissociation between TERT expression and telomerase activity is a novel finding that suggests biological functions for TERT in addition to telomere maintenance. J. Neurosci. Res. 64:252-260, 2001. Published 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
CRYOCOOLER PROGNOSTIC HEALTH MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (2008)

High performance sensors are playing an increasingly important role in all aspects of all critical DoD missions. There is a family of sensors that operate with improved sensitivities if cooled to very low (cryogenic) temperatures. For these sensors, a healthy and reliable mechanical refrigeration system (cryocooler) is required. The ability to accurately predict the "health" or remaining useful life of the cryocooler has significant benefits from the viewpoint of ensuring that mission critical functions can be carried out with a high probability of success. The paper provides an overview and approaches used for the development of a Cryocooler Prognostic Health Management System (CPHMS) capable of assessing the cryocooler "health" from the viewpoint of the level of performance degradation and/or the potential for near term failure. Additionally, it quantifies the reliable remaining useful life of the cryocooler. While the proposed system is focused on the specific application to linear drive cryocoolers, especially for DoD, many of the attributes of the system can be applied to other specialized system hardware in both commercial and U.S. Government agency for situations where it is critical that all aspects of the hardware "health" and "remaining useful life" be fully understood. Several benefits of the health monitoring system are also described in the paper.
DLK initiates a transcriptional program that couples apoptotic and regenerative responses to axonal injury (2013)

The cell intrinsic factors that determine whether a neuron regenerates or undergoes apoptosis in response to axonal injury are not well defined. Here we show that the mixed-lineage dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) is an essential upstream mediator of both of these divergent outcomes in the same cell type. Optic nerve crush injury leads to rapid elevation of DLK protein, first in the axons of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and then in their cell bodies. DLK is required for the majority of gene expression changes in RGCs initiated by injury, including induction of both proapoptotic and regeneration-associated genes. Deletion of DLK in retina results in robust and sustained protection of RGCs from degeneration after optic nerve injury. Despite this improved survival, the number of axons that regrow beyond the injury site is substantially reduced, even when the tumor suppressor phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) is deleted to enhance intrinsic growth potential. These findings demonstrate that these seemingly contradictory responses to injury are mechanistically coupled through a DLK-based damage detection mechanism.
A compact low-power gaze gesture sensor based on laser feedback interferometry for smart glasses (2021)

The integration of gaze gesture sensors in next-generation smart glasses will improve usability and enable new interaction concepts. However, consumer smart glasses place additional requirements to gaze gesture sensors, such as a low power consumption, high integration capability and robustness to ambient illumination. We propose a novel gaze gesture sensor based on laser feedback interferometry (LFI), which is capable to measure the rotational velocity of the eye as well as the sensors distance towards the eye. This sensor delivers a unique and novel set of features with an outstanding sample rate allowing to not only predict a gaze gesture but also to anticipate it. To take full advantage of the unique sensor features and the high sampling rate, we propose additionally a novel gaze gesture classification algorithm based on single sample. At a mean F1-score of 93.44 performance at a negative latency between gaze gesture input and command execution.
Characterization of sensor performance and durability for structural health monitoring systems (2005)

A key question that needs to be addressed and answered with regard to successfully implementing Structural Health Monitoring technologies in Air Force systems involves the long-term operability, durability, and survivability of integrated sensor systems and their associated hardware. Whether a sensor system is fully integrated within a structural material, or surface-bonded to the structure, a number of environmental and system level influences will tend to degrade the sensor system’s performance and durability over time. In this effort, an initial sensor durability study was undertaken to better understand the performance and degradation of piezo wafer active sensor (PWAS) systems under adverse mechanical, temperature, and moisture conditions. A novel displacement-field imaging approach was utilized to understand the vibration characteristics of PWAS transducers placed in accelerated vibration, temperature-cycling, and moisture-cycling conditions. The results showed damage in the form of PWAS sensor cracking events, bond degradation and failure, as well as indications of performance variation and reduction due to the accelerated exposure levels. Future activities will focus on identifying critical durability and survivability issues through advanced sensor modeling and additional accelerated testing efforts, with the ultimate goal of improving the robustness of health monitoring systems through improved sensor system design and packaging.
Intelligent System for Interpreting the Pattern of Volcanic Eruptions (2008)

The overall goal of the research presented in this paper is to design an intelligent system to aid geologists in processing complex geologic characteristics for interpreting eruption patterns, and thereby to aid eruption forecasting for volcanic chains and fields. The objective of this paper is twofold. First it describes applications of data fusion techniques to designing such an intelligent system. The paper discusses the system architecture and applicability and benefits of evidential decision fusion methods for processing uncertain rock characteristics. Second, it introduces a new evidential method of combining several clustering results and presents the results of application of this fusion method to clustering geochemical data characterizing volcano magma chambers.