gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amyloid β Induces the Morphological Neurodegenerative Triad of Spine Loss, Dendritic Simplification, and Neuritic Dystrophies through Calcineurin Activation (2010)

Amyloid beta (Abeta)-containing plaques are surrounded by dystrophic neurites in the Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, but whether and how plaques induce these neuritic abnormalities remain unknown. We tested the hypothesis that soluble oligomeric assemblies of Abeta, which surround plaques, induce calcium-mediated secondary cascades that lead to dystrophic changes in local neurites. We show that soluble Abeta oligomers lead to activation of the calcium-dependent phosphatase calcineurin (CaN) (PP2B), which in turn activates the transcriptional factor nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT). Activation of these signaling pathways, even in the absence of Abeta, is sufficient to produce a virtual phenocopy of Abeta-induced dystrophic neurites, dendritic simplification, and dendritic spine loss in both neurons in culture and in the adult mouse brain. Importantly, the morphological deficits in the vicinity of Abeta deposits in a mouse model of AD are ameliorated by CaN inhibition, supporting the hypothesis that CaN-NFAT are aberrantly activated by Abeta and that CaN-NFAT activation is responsible for disruption of neuronal structure near plaques. In accord with this, we also detect increased levels of an active form of CaN and NFATc4 in the nuclear fraction from the cortex of patients with AD. Thus, Abeta appears to mediate the neurodegeneration of AD, at least in part, by activation of CaN and subsequent NFAT-mediated downstream cascades.
Is multiparty computation any good in practice? (2011)

The aim of this paper is to present some of the recent progress in efficient secure multiparty computation (MPC). In MPC we have a set of parties owning a set of private inputs. The par ties want to compute a function of their inputs, but they do not trust each other, therefore they need a cryptographic protocol to perform the computation in a way that 1) the output is correct and 2) cheating parties will not be able to learn any information about the honest parties inputs. Even though this problem has been formulated and essentially solved almost 30 years ago, practical solutions that can be relevant for real-world applications have been discovered only in the last few years. We will present some of these advances, trying to explain to a non-specialized audience the significance of the several existing security notions.
The current epidemic of primary aldosteronism (2004)

Until recently, primary aldosteronism was considered to be a rare cause of identifiable or secondary hypertension. Over the past 10 years, a steadily growing number of reports have claimed that this condition is much more common, present in 5-40% of all hypertensive patients, which translates into many millions of patients. The primary basis for this current epidemic is the application of a relatively simple screening test, the plasma aldosterone to renin ratio (ARR). Despite growing recognition that the ARR is neither sensitive nor specific, its advocates recommend that it should be a routine procedure in evaluation of all hypertensives. Evidence is provided that this recommendation will lead to massive increases in costs, both in money and in morbidity, while providing benefit to only a very small number of patients who would not be aided by continuation of previous diagnostic protocols.
Hernia hiatal traumática en una gata (2000)

Este caso clinico describe la presentacion de una gata disneica tras haber caido desde una altura de seis metros. La exploracion radiologica demostro la presencia de organos abdominales en torax y la laparotomia revelo la presencia de una hernia de hiato. El tratamiento elegido fue plicacion del hiato esofagico, esofagopexia y gastropexia. El resultado final fue satisfactorio.
Reaching Approximate Byzantine Consensus in Partially-Connected Mobile Networks (2012)

We consider the problem of approximate consensus in mobile networks containing Byzantine nodes. We assume that each correct node can communicate only with its neighbors and has no knowledge of the global topology. As all nodes have moving ability, the topology is dynamic. The number of Byzantine nodes is bounded by f and known by all correct nodes. We first introduce an approximate Byzantine consensus protocol which is based on the linear iteration method. As nodes are allowed to collect information during several consecutive rounds, moving gives them the opportunity to gather more values. We propose a novel sufficient and necessary condition to guarantee the final convergence of the consensus protocol. The requirement expressed by our condition is not "universal": in each phase it affects only a single correct node. More precisely, at least one correct node among those that propose either the minimum or the maximum value which is present in the network, has to receive enough messages (quantity constraint) with either higher or lower values (quality constraint). Of course, nodes' motion should not prevent this requirement to be fulfilled. Our conclusion shows that the proposed condition can be satisfied if the total number of nodes is greater than 3f+1.
Automatic Quality Assessment of Peptide Tandem Mass Spectra (2004)

We report on two different approaches to assessing spectral quality prior to identification: binary classification, which predicts whether or not SEQUEST will be able to make an identification, and statistical regression, which predicts a more universal quality metric involving the number of b- and y-ion peaks. The best of our binary classifiers can eliminate over 75% of the unidentifiable spectra while losing only 10% of the identifiable spectra. Statistical regression can pick out spectra of modified peptides that can be identified by a de novo program but not by SEQUEST. In a section of independent interest, we discuss intensity normalization of mass spectra.
Initiation and maintenance of persistent infection by respiratory syncytial virus (1978)

Propagation of cells infected with temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants of respiratory syncytial (RS) virus at nonpermissive temperature (39 degrees C) resulted in cytolytic, abortive, or persistent infection, depending on the mutant used to initiate infection. Five mutants from complementation group B produced cytolytic or abortive infections, whereas a single mutant (ts1) from group D and a noncomplbmenting mutant produced persistent infections. The persistently infected culture initiated by mutant ts1 (RS ts1/BS-C-1) has been maintained in serial culture for greater than 100 transfers, and infectious-center assays and immunofluorescent staining indicated that all cells harbored the RS virus genome. RS ts1/BS-C-1 cultures were resistant to superinfection by homologous and some heterologous viruses, and interferon-like activity against some heterologous viruses was present in the culture medium. Small amounts (0.002 to 0.2 PFU/cell) of infectious virus were present in the culture fluid, but autointerfering defective particles were not detected. This released virus formed small plaques and produced persistent infection of BS-C-1 cells at 37 degrees C. The RS ts1/BS-C-1 cells contained abundant RS virus antigen internally, but little at the surface, although the cells showed enhanced agglutinability by concanavalin A. Nucleocapsids and the 41,000-molecular-weight nucleoprotein were present in extracts of both nucleated and enucleated cells. No infectious RS virus was obtained by transfection of DNA from RS tsl/BS-C-1 cells to susceptible BS-C-1 or feline embryo cells under conditions allowing efficient transfection of a foamy virus proviral DNA. It was concluded that persistent infection was maintained in part by a non-ts variant of RS virus partially defective in maturation. The karyotype of the RS ts1/BS-C-1 culture differed from that of unifected cells.
Hierarchical ICI canceller for a novel SDM-COFDM Scheme (2003)

This paper proposes a hierarchical ICI (inter-channel interference) canceller to improve packet error rate performance of a novel SDM (space division multiplexed) -COFDM (coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing) scheme. This ICI canceller comprises two types of ICI cancellers, a conventional multiplicative ICI canceller and a newly proposed subtractive ICI canceller. Moreover, we also employ the packet error detectors and the selectors to the hierarchical ICI canceller. According to the error detection result from the error detectors, the selectors select the correct packets among the outputs of the multiplicative and subtractive ICI cancellers. Computer simulation results show that with a subcarrier modulation scheme of 64QAM and a coding rate of 3/4, the proposed hierarchical ICI canceller improves the required CNR (carrier to noise power ratio) by 2.3 dB compared to that by the conventional multiplicative ICI canceller at a PER of 10/sup -2/in a fading environment.
Oxidative Sequence of a Ruthenocene-Based Anticancer Drug Candidate in a Basic Environment (2014)

The complete oxidation sequence of ruthenociphenol (1), an organometallic ruthenocene-based analogue of ferrocifens, a promising anticancer drug series, has been investigated by cyclic voltammetry. As for the unsubstituted ruthenocene, the oxidation of 1 produced the corresponding species 1+, which engaged in a reversible dimerization reaction. The highest reversibility occurred in dichloromethane (DCM), a low-donor solvent, with the weakly coordinating supporting electrolyte anion B(C6F5)4. Under these conditions, the addition of pyridine triggered a chemical sequence through which the hydroxyl group of electrogenerated 1+ was ultimately converted into the phenoxy radical 2. Unlike analogue ferrocifen derivatives, 2 did not undergo a further electrochemical oxidation but engaged in coupling with 1+. The slow deprotonation of the resulting species appeared to be the key step leading to the quinone methide 3 after sluggish electron transfer. Again, in contrast with the ferrocifen series, 3 was not the final and stable complex of this oxidation sequence. It was indeed shown that the quinone methide spontaneously underwent a further oxidative evolution under our conditions. This led to a five-membered-ring closure and regeneration of the phenolic species 4, which could be further oxidized irreversibly, leading presumably to the new quinone methide 6. Such distinct behavior in comparison to ferrocene analogues may explain the different cytotoxic activities observed against hormone-independent breast cancer cells for ruthenocifens and ferrocifens.
Breast diseases: color Doppler US in differential diagnosis. (1993)

Color Doppler signals in a lesion otherwise thought to be benign should prompt a biopsy, while the absence of signals in an indeterminate lesion is reassuring.
Joint processing of Hartmann sensor and conventional image measurements to estimate large aberrations: theory and experimental results (1999)

We report experimental results for what we believe to be a new technique for estimating aberrations that extends the strength of an aberration that may be sensed with Hartmann sensor technology by means of an algorithm that processes both a Hartmann sensor image and a conventional image formed with the same aberration. We find that the theory and the experiment match well within the experimental error and that strong defocus aberrations can be accurately sensed with this technique.
From Jellyfish Macromolecular Architectures to Nanodoughnut Self-Assembly (2009)

peer reviewed
Characterization of thin polymer films using terahertz time-domain interferometry (2001)

An interferometer for broadband single-cycle THz pulses is developed based on the Michelson configuration. Total internal reflection of THz pulses in high-resistivity silicon prisms provides a nearly 180° phase shift of one arm relative to the other to achieve destructive interference. We show that due to automatic compensation for laser fluctuations by the interferometer, it is possible to measure the index and absorption of thin-film samples with more accuracy than is achievable with standard THz time-domain spectroscopy. We demonstrate characterization of the complex index of refraction of 2 μm thick Mylar (polyester) films. By measuring the signal amplitude directly in the time domain, the interferometer can be used for rapid measurements of film thickness with a resolution of better than 1 μm.
Comparison of the Effects of Korean Ginseng and Heat-Processed Korean Ginseng on Diabetic Oxidative Stress (2008)

To investigate the effects of Korean ginseng (KG, Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) and heat-processed Korean ginseng (H-KG) on diabetic renal damage, we used the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat model in this study. The diabetes-induced physiological abnormalities at early-stage were attenuated by KG or H-KG administration through reducing the blood glucose level and improving renal function. The oxidative stress-induced increases in serum and renal thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance levels were significantly reduced by KG and H-KG administrations. Moreover, the protein expressions related to oxidative stress and advanced glycation endproducts were significantly reduced in diabetic rats and/or not significantly increased compared to normal rats by KG or H-KG administration. All of these beneficial effects of H-KG in diabetic rats were stronger than those of KG. Therefore, KG and H-KG may improve diabetic pathological conditions and prevent renal damage associated with diabetic nephropathy, and these protective effects of KG can be improved by heat-processing. This study provides scientific evidence that H-KG may be a potential therapeutic agent for pathological conditions associated with diabetic complications including diabetic nephropathy.
TNFSF14 (LIGHT) Exhibits Inflammatory Activities in Lung Fibroblasts Complementary to IL-13 and TGF-β (2018)

The cytokine TNFSF14 [homologous to Lymphotoxin, exhibits Inducible expression and competes with HSV Glycoprotein D for binding to HVEM, a receptor expressed on T lymphocytes (LIGHT)] has been shown in mouse models to be important for development of lung tissue remodeling that is characteristic of asthma, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and systemic sclerosis (SSc). However, its cellular targets are not fully delineated. In the present report, we show that LTβR and HVEM, the receptors for LIGHT, are constitutively expressed in primary human lung fibroblasts (HLFs). We asked whether LIGHT could promote inflammatory and remodeling-relevant activity in HLFs and how this was similar to, or distinct from, IL-13 or TGF-β, two cytokines strongly implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma, IPF, and SSc. Accumulation of myofibroblasts expressing alpha smooth muscle actin is a feature of lung inflammatory diseases. LIGHT promoted cell cycle progression and proliferation of HLFs, but not alpha smooth muscle actin expression. In contrast, TGF-β upregulated alpha smooth muscle actin but did not drive their proliferation. LIGHT also increased the gene or protein expression of a number of proinflammatory mediators, including ICAM-1 and VCAM-1, IL-6 and GM-CSF, the chemokines CCL5 and 20, and CXCL5, 11, and 12, and lung remodeling-associated proteinases MMP-9 and ADAM8. These were dependent on LTβR but not HVEM. LIGHT displayed overlapping and synergistic activities with IL-13 for a number of the activities, but LIGHT additionally enhanced the gene expression of several molecules, including the innate cytokines IL-33 and TSLP, which were not upregulated by IL-13. Our results highlight the varied and pleiotropic effects of LIGHT in HLFs. LIGHT might then be a therapeutic target for modulation of inflammation and remodeling associated with asthma and other similar diseases of the lung that involve fibroblasts.
A flexible architecture for collaborative browsing (2003)

Collaborative browsing is a new and promising research area whose purpose is to provide new collaboration schemes among users browsing the Web. To become an efficient collaboration tool, collaborative browsing should go far beyond a simple mechanism for coordinating the browsing of Web pages (like Web tours) and should include, in a integrated framework, awareness and communication facilities. A general functional architecture of a collaborative browsing system is presented in the paper. It relies on a rule-based system that permits to precisely express the browsing and communication strategies among users of a collaborative session. The proposed architecture is therefore general-purpose. By defining the policy rules specifying the behavior of a collaborative session, it may be easily adapted to specific applications in the e-learning or e-business domains. The general architecture of CoLab, a Java-based software environment implementing the proposed collaborative browsing system is introduced, and the features of its first operational version are presented in some detail (CoLab 1.0).
Hydrogen Peroxide and Lipopolysaccharide Differentially Affect the Expression of MicroRNAs 10a, 33a, 21, 221 in Endothelial Cells Before and After Coculture With Monocytes (2017)

Inflammation and oxidative stress are important risk factors affecting various cells in the formation of atherosclerosis. MicroRNAs (miRs) are regulators of inflammation and atherogenesis. The expressions of endothelial cell (EC)-specific miR-10a and miR-21 and monocyte-specific miR-33a and miR-221 were investigated using coculture of the ECs and monocytes upon exposure to H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> as an oxidative stressor, and endotoxin/lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as a microbial stressor. Human umbilical endothelial cells (HUVECs) and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (or monocytes) were cocultured in M199 complete medium and were incubated with LPS (20 ng/mL) or H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (1%) for 8 hours at 37°C. The HUVECs and monocytes were then separated from the cellular mix using a magnetic bead negative selection technique. The relative expression of miRs was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction. In both cell types, H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> induced miR10a ( P = 0.05) and LPS induced miR21 ( P = 0.0003) compared to the untreated controls. Coculture increased miR-10a and miR-21 expression in monocytes ( P = 0.0008 and <0.0001); however when cultured alone, HUVECs expressed higher levels of miR-10a and miR-21 ( P < 0.0001 and <0.0001). Coculture decreased the expression of miR-33a in monocytes ( P < 0.0001) while increasing miR221 in HUVECs and monocytes ( P < 0.0001 and <0.0001). The expression pattern of miRs in HUVECs and monocytes changes in the coculture compared to culturing alone in response to oxidative and microbial toxic compounds. Moreover, different cellular stressors induce different athero-miRs, which may affect the course of inflammation.
Resettlement plan - Raciborz flood reservoir (2005)

The Odra River Basin (ORB) Flood Protection Project seeks to reduce the extreme flood peaks, by storing excess water flows in a dry polder, upstream of Raciborz town, thus enabling a reduction of the flood peak downstream of the reservoir, and allowing better control of the river system operation, and conversely, by increasing the flood capacity within the Odra River channels, around Wroclaw. The Project would protect more than 2.5 million people against flooding in several towns such as Raciborz, Kedzierzyn, Kozle, Krapkowice, Opole, Brzeg, Olawa and Wroclaw, and settlements in Slaskie, Opolskie and Dolnoslaskie. However, and despite benefits, it is foreseen land acquisition and resettlement shall occur. This Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) in line with Poland's legislation determines that compensation shall be governed by the Real Estate Management Act (1997), which stipulates that: the amount of compensation is to be determined according to the market value. Thus compensation will be in the form of: cash compensation; land for land and cash compensation; agricultural or farming land replacement, or cash compensation; and, housing compensation for physical structures lost. Given no procedure is defined in reference to losses due to: location of employment and/or source of income; location of products and services disruptions, the Bank's operational directive on resettlement will govern, which states employment and income losses should be paid for the period of losses, and employment generation pursued, as well as income restoration. Vulnerable groups (i.e., people not holding property titles) should be provided housing assistance to restore their livelihoods. Moving expenses will be provided, and, grievance mechanisms will be in place should conflict occur.
Behçet's disease: treatment of mucocutaneous lesions. (2005)

Oral and genital ulcers, and cutaneous vasculitic lesions are considered hallmarks of the disease, and often precede other manifestations. Mucocutaneous lesions figure prominently in the presentation and diagnosis. Therefore, their recognition may permit earlier diagnosis and treatment, with beneficial results for prognosis. This review overviews the current state of knowledge regarding the therapeutic approaches including local and systemic agents for the treatment of mucocutaneous lesions of BD.
A Secreted Chemokine Binding Protein Encoded by Murine Gammaherpesvirus-68 Is Necessary for the Establishment of a Normal Latent Load (2001)

Herpesviruses encode a variety of proteins with the potential to disrupt chemokine signaling, and hence immune organization. However, little is known of how these might function in vivo. The B cell-tropic murine gammaherpesvirus-68 (MHV-68) is related to the Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV), but whereas KSHV expresses small chemokine homologues, MHV-68 encodes a broad spectrum chemokine binding protein (M3). Here we have analyzed the effect on viral pathogenesis of a targeted disruption of the M3 gene. After intranasal infection, an M3 deficiency had surprisingly little effect on lytic cycle replication in the respiratory tract or the initial spread of virus to lymphoid tissues. However, the amplification of latently infected B cells in the spleen that normally drives MHV-68-induced infectious mononucleosis failed to occur. Thus, there was a marked reduction in latent virus recoverable by in vitro reactivation, latency-associated viral tRNA transcripts detectable by in situ hybridization, total viral DNA load, and virus-driven B cell activation. In vivo CD8(+) T cell depletion largely reversed this deficiency, suggesting that the chemokine neutralization afforded by M3 may function to block effective CD8(+) T cell recruitment into lymphoid tissue during the expansion of latently infected B cell numbers. In the absence of M3, MHV-68 was unable to establish a normal latent load.
Assignment of Anomeric Configuration of D-Ribo-, Arabino-, 2′-Deoxyribo-, and 2′,3′-Dideoxyribonucleosides by Noe Difference Spectroscopy (1989)

Abstract The anomeric configuration of D-ribo-, D-arabi-no, D-2′-deoxyribo-, and D-2′,3′-dideoxyribonucleosides was assigned unambiguously applying n.O.e. difference spectros-copy. For this purpose 1′-H, signals were saturated and the n.O.e. factors of 4′-H, 3′-H, and 2′-H were measured.