gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and in vitro Antiprotozoal Activity of Thiophene Ring‐Containing Quinones. (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Gain monitoring of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers by detecting spontaneous emission (1993)

Gain monitoring by detecting the spontaneous emission (SE) emitted by 0.98- mu m laser diode (LD) pumped erbium-doped fiber amplifiers was investigated using three erbium-doped fibers (EDF's) with different absorption coefficients at 1.55 mu m ( alpha ). Unfavorable 0.98- mu m scattered light was observed and removed by an optical filter. The minimum gain accuracy was less than +or-0.21 dB for EDF-b ( alpha =1.5 dB/m) with launched pump powers (P/sub p/) from 10 to 30 mW. The minimum gain reproducibility over a 9-h period was +or- 0.015 dB for EDF-a ( alpha =3.3 dB/m) at P/sub p/=20 mW.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nonlinear stabilization of slip in a continuously variable transmission (2005)

One way to predict and control the output torque of a geared neutral CVT is to use the relationship between slip in the variator and transmitted belt torque. This relationship is often referred to as the traction curve. For small slip values, the output torque increases almost linearly with slip. However, at approximately 2% slip, the maximum output torque is reached. For larger slip values, the output torque shows even a decline. Hence, measuring the traction curve in open loop is not possible. Stability analysis shows that by modifying the plant with a nonlinear feedback control torque depending on the slip, a stable closed loop plant with two new defined inputs is obtained. An open loop input torque at this plant now uniquely defines the slip in the system. The primary shaft angular velocity is controlled using a robust stabilizing controller. This controller is tuned using measured frequency response functions at different slip values.
Effect of health education for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013)

Objective To study the effect of health education for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.Methods 86 patients with COPD were randomly divided into the observation group(44 cases) and control group(42 cases): the method of conventional health education was used in control group,and the method of health education directed by current concerns used in experimental group.Questionnaires were used to evaluate the score of the knowledge about COPD mastered.Results The scores of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group after health education(P0.05).Conclusion The method of health education directed by current concerns can significantly exert inpatients,subjective initiative,and it is helpful for learning health information.
Inhibition of acute platelet thrombosis formation in stenosed canine coronary arteries by specific serotonin 5HT2 receptor antagonist ritanserin (1990)

These results constitute further evidence of the possible importance of serotonin as a mediator of platelet thrombosis in stenosed coronary arteries.
A Rank-by-Feature Framework for Interactive Exploration of Multidimensional Data (2005)

Interactive exploration of multidimensional data sets is challenging because: (1) it is difficult to comprehend patterns in more than three dimensions, and (2) current systems often are a patchwork of graphical and statistical methods leaving many researchers uncertain about how to explore their data in an orderly manner. We offer a set of principles and a novel rank-by-feature framework that could enable users to better understand distributions in one (1D) or two dimensions (2D), and then discover relationships, clusters, gaps, outliers, and other features. Users of our framework can view graphical presentations (histograms, boxplots, and scatterplots), and then choose a feature detection criterion to rank 1D or 2D axis-parallel projections. By combining information visualization techniques (overview, coordination, and dynamic query) with summaries and statistical methods users can systematically examine the most important 1D and 2D axis-parallel projections. We summarize our Graphics, Ranking, and Interaction for Discovery (GRID) principles as: (1) study 1D, study 2D, then find features (2) ranking guides insight, statistics confirm. We implemented the rank-by-feature framework in the Hierarchical Clustering Explorer, but the same data exploration principles could enable users to organize their discovery process so as to produce more thorough analyses and extract deeper insights in any multidimensional data application, such as spreadsheets, statistical packages, or information visualization tools.
Unbekannte Einflußgrößen (1969)

ZusammenfassungDas Verhältnis von Wärme- zu Stoffübergang ergibt sich nach Gl. (12) zu Open image in new window Darin sind ϱ, cp und Le Soffwerte bzw. Stoffwertkombinationen, die sich — vor allem für das System Naphthalin-Dampf-Luft — aus Handbüchern beschaffen lassen.
ChemInform Abstract: ANIL SYNTHESIS. 16. PREPARATION OF STYRYL DERIVATIVES OF 2‐PHENYLIMIDAZO(1,2‐A)PYRIDINE (1978)

Abstract Die Schiff‐Basen (I) ‐ zugänglich aus den entsprechenden aromatischen Aldehyden und p‐Chlor‐anilin ‐ reagieren mit den 7‐Methyl‐2‐phenyl‐imidazopyridinen (II) in Gegenwart von KOH oder KO‐tBu unter verschiedenen Bedingungen (Reaktionsdauer, Temp.) zu den 7‐Arylvinyl‐Derivaten (III).
Directed Assembly of Janus Particles under High Frequency ac-Electric Fields: Effects of Medium Conductivity and Colloidal Surface Chemistry (2012)

The manipulation and assembly of polystyrene-based Janus particles of varied surface chemistry on one hemispherical particle surface under high frequency nonuniform ac-electric fields is examined experimentally by in situ microscopic observation. Strong effects of ac-field frequency, medium conductivity, and particle surface chemistry on the structure of Janus colloidal assembly are observed. At low medium conductivity, σ(m) from 0.0007 S/m to 0.0153 S/m, pearl chains of Janus particles are observed over the ac-frequency range from 25 kHz to 20 MHz, indicating the dielectrophoresis (DEP)-directed assembly. In contrast, the chaining of Janus particles is disrupted in a certain frequency range at high σ(m) from 0.0153 S/m to 0.116 S/m, suggesting the combining effects of both induced-charge electrophoresis (ICEP) and DEP. The critical transition frequency for the onset of the fractal aggregation at high σ(m) from 0.0153 S/m to 0.116 S/m is experimentally determined, showing a good agreement with the theoretically predicted upper ICEP frequency limit. Additionally, it is demonstrated that by using zwitterionic Janus particles, the assembled structure of Janus particles under ac-fields can be modified by the chemical coatings on each hemispherical surface of Janus particles.
Reservoir Model Uncertainty Quantification Through Computer-Assisted History Matching (2007)

Abstract Quantification of uncertainty in production forecasting is an important aspect of reservoir simulation studies. The uncertainty in the forecasting stems from the uncertainties of various model-input parameters, such as permeability, porosity, relative permeability endpoints, etc. Traditionally, the outcome of history matching is a set of parameter values that result in a good match of the historical production data. Clearly, the history matching process will be even more valuable if the uncertainties of these model-input parameters can be quantified in the process. In this paper, we present a systematic history matching approach to condition a reservoir model to production data and quantify the uncertainties of history matching parameters in terms of probability density functions. The new approach utilizes experimental design and multi-objective global optimization techniques. More specifically, for a given list of uncertain parameters, the history matching process is treated as a combinatorial optimization problem to find the best combination of these parameters to achieve the minimum history match error. The combinatorial optimization problem is solved by applying a hybrid metaheuristic method that combines evolutionary algorithms, Tabu search, and experimental design techniques. In the optimization process, reservoir models containing different combinations of parameter values are automatically generated to cover a wide range of possibilities based on the principles of experimental design and Tabu search. The search space of the optimization problem is gradually reduced by adopting the natural selection mechanism to discard parameter values that do not fit field data. Finally, the posterior probability density functions of the uncertain parameters are estimated by applying Bayesian theory. The proposed methodology is demonstrated in a real field case study of a complex oil field, which has 12 production wells and 10 years of production history. Some of the wells in the reservoir are found to be difficult to match using the traditional manual history matching approach. After applying the new approach, all the well histories are successfully matched. More importantly, the posterior probability density functions of uncertain parameters are estimated in the history matching process. The results can be further used to quantify the uncertainty in the production forecasting of follow-up recovery processes.
A local color descriptor for efficient scene-object recognition (2002)

This paper presents an effective use of local descriptors for object or scene recognition and indexing. This approach is in keeping with model-based recognition systems and consists of an extension of a standard point-to-point matching between two images. Aiming at this, we address the use of Full-Zernike moments as a reliable local characterization of the image signal. A fundamental characteristic of the used descriptors is then their ability to "absorb" a given set of potential image modifications. Their design calls principally for the theory of invariants. A built-in invariance to similarities allows one to manage narrow bounded perspective transformations. Moreover we provide a study of the substantial and costless contribution of the use of color information. In order to achieve photometric invariance, different types of normalization are evaluated through a model-based object recognition task.
Optical nonlinearity and multiplex holographic storage in azo side-chain liquid crystalline polymer (1998)

Optical nonlinearity and multiplex holographic storage using azo side-chain polymer are studied by using degenerate four- wave mixing and polarized pump-probe laser method. The He-Ne excitation laser wavelength is located at the tail end of the absorption peak of the sample. This material shows high grating diffraction efficiency and promises information storage capability using weak absorption. The diffraction efficiency of the grating is up to the order of 10<SUP>-2</SUP>. The effect of input beam polarization planes on grating is studied. The diffraction grating efficiency is lowest when the polarization of the redout beam is orthogonal to that of both writing beams. An angle multiplex holographic storage study is also performed in the sample. Information can be stored for a long time at room temperature. The information readout of this multiplex holographic storage system can be controlled by the polarization state of the readout beam. Dependence of grating diffraction efficiency on the sample temperature is studied. It is demonstrated that the higher the temperature under the melting temperature of the sample, the higher the diffraction efficiency and the faster the relaxation time of the grating. The grating is completely erased by increasing the temperature over the melting temperature of the sample. Reading the grating with a circularly polarized light does not erase the grating. When two recording beams are turned off, a large part of the grating remains for a long time and only a small part of the grating degrades. The results show that the azo side-chain polymer is a good information storage material. The anisotropic optical nonlinear refractive index of the sample is also measured. The relationship of the nonlinear refractive index of the samples, the different ratios of azo functional groups in the polymers, and the temperature of the sample are also studied. The highest nonlinear refractive index is up to the order of 10<SUP>-2</SUP>. The optical nonlinearity of the samples increase with increasing sample temperature. No anisotropic nonlinearity appears when the temperature of the sample is over the melting temperature of the sample. The anisotropic nonlinearity levels of three samples with different azo side-group ratios in the polymer are compared.
Parametric fuzzy sets for automatic color naming (2008)

In this paper we present a parametric model for automatic color naming where each color category is modeled as a fuzzy set with a parametric membership function. The parameters of the functions are estimated in a fitting process using data derived from psychophysical experiments. The name assignments obtained by the model agree with previous psychophysical experiments, and therefore the high-level color-naming information provided can be useful for different computer vision applications where the use of a parametric model will introduce interesting advantages in terms of implementation costs, data representation, model analysis, and model updating.
Second-Order Absorbing Boundary Conditions for the Wave Equation: A Solution for the Corner Problem (1990)

The treatment of domains with corners in the problem of absorbing boundary conditions for the wave equation is very important from a practical point of view. A technical difficulty appears as soon as conditions of order greater than or equal to 2 are considered. A solution is proposed for the two-dimensional case when second-order conditions are used. This solution consists of prescribing an adequate corner condition. The problem thus obtained is analyzed theoretically and the condition is proved to be optimal. The results obtained here are illustrated by numerical simulations. Some extensions to higher-space dimensions and higher-order conditions are proposed.
The quality of microparticulated protein. (1990)

The purpose of this paper is to describe the effects of microparticulation upon the quality of microparticulated protein products and to confirm that microparticulation does not result in changes in protein structure or quality different from those that occur with cooking. Two products were tested: microparticulated egg white and skim milk proteins and microparticulated whey protein concentrate. Three approaches were used to monitor for changes in amino acid and protein value: amino acid analysis, protein efficiency ratio (PER) bioassay, and both one- and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Evaluation of the results of these tests indicates that no significant differences were found when comparing the premix before and after microparticulation. Significant differences also did not occur when the premix was cooked using conventional methods. Collectively, the data provide strong evidence that the protein microparticulation process used to prepare microparticulated protein products (e.g., Simplesse) does not alter the quality or nutritional value of protein in the final products.
Preliminary Report: Endoscopic Laser-Microsurgical Removal of Human Gallbladder (1991)

An alternative surgical instrumentation and technique to laser laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LLC) with a case report is presented. Thousands of patients have benefited from the conceptual and practical revolution brought about through LLC (i.e., minimal surgical trauma). The minimal invasiveness of this procedure also can help make surgical treatment more acceptable by the public. The instruments and technique presented are redesigns of ones used in laryngology for 30 years. Utilizing them would provide major cost reduction. Most hospitals around the world already have operating microscopes, electrocoagulation equipment, and CO2 lasers. Some of these are underutilized. The presented patient case shows that the procedure can have similar benefits to LLC, in some respects even more. This open endoscopic technique and instrumentation may be suitable to other abdominal or thoracic procedures.
Polyethylene glycol‐mediated direct gene transfer in <i>Nicotiana</i> spp. (1992)

Direct gene transfer to protoplasts is a widespread experimental procedure. In this review, it is discussed in relation to the fate and expression of transforming DNA and its genetic transmission upon integration, and expression (in)stability during successive meiotic generations. The results suggest that the major differences between Nicotiana plumbaginifolia and N. tabacum were not in DNA uptake but rather in the specific fate of the transforming DNA. Differences between integrative transformation versus transient gene expression are discussed. Transient gene expression experiments with cotransformed independent constructs enable accurate assays of gene activity modulation, including both activation and repression. The study of the time of integration of foreign DNA using haploid mesophyll protoplasts showed that foreign DNA integration took place during the first two division cycles of the protoplasts. Most of the transfomants inherited the foreign genes as a monogenic trait: N. plumbaginifolia exhibited a higher proportion of multiple insertions compared with N. tabacum . Furthermore, gene integration occurs as a random process. Compared to ‘simple’ transformation, cotransformation with independent constructs showed a higher level of rearrangement of the inserted DNA. Foreign gene transmission, followed through different generations, indicated that inactivation of the inserted gene could happen through a variety of processes. These results open up a series of questions concerning the applied aspects of direct gene transfer to plants.
Fabrication of three-dimensional microfluidic channels inside glass using nanosecond laser direct writing (2012)

We show that fabrication of three-dimensional microfluidic channels embedded in glass can be achieved by using a Q-switched, frequency-doubled Nd:YAG laser. The processing mainly consists of two steps: (1) formation of hollow microfluidic channels in porous glass immersed in Rhodamine 6G dissolved in water by nanosecond laser ablation; and (2) postannealing of the fabricated porous glass sample at 1120 °C for consolidation of the sample. In particular, a bilayer microfluidic structure is created in glass substrate using this technique for showcasing its capability of three-dimensional structuring.
NTB-A, a New Activating Receptor in T Cells That Regulates Autoimmune Disease (2004)

The CD28 co-stimulatory pathway is well established for T cell activation; however, results from CD28 -/- mice suggest the existence of additional co-stimulatory pathways. Here we report the further characterization of a new member of the CD2 superfamily, NTB-A, important in T cell co-stimulation. NTB-A is expressed on T cells, and its expression is up-regulated on activated cells. Triggering of NTB-A with monoclonal antibodies in the absence of CD28 signals leads to T cell proliferation and interferon-gamma secretion but not interleukin-4. Cross-linking of NTB-A also induces phosphorylation of NTB-A and the association of SAP (SLAM-associated protein), the protein absent in X-linked lymphoproliferative disease. T helper cells differentiated by cross-linking NTB-A and CD3 developed predominantly into Th1 cells not Th2 cells. In vivo blocking of NTB-A interactions with its ligands by using soluble NTB-A-Fc fusion protein inhibits B cell isotype switching to IgG2a and IgG3, commonly induced by Th1-type cytokines. Most important, treatment of mice with NTB-A-Fc delays the onset of antigen-induced experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in myelin basic protein-T cell receptor transgenic mice, suggesting a role in T cell-mediated autoimmune disease. Regulation of interferon-gamma secretion, and not interleukin-4 in vitro, as well as inhibition of Th1 cell-induced isotype switching and attenuation of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis indicate that NTB-A is important for Th1 responses. The observation that cross-linking of NTB-A induces T cell activation, expansion, and Th1-type cytokine production suggests NTB-A is a novel co-stimulatory receptor. The identification of NTB-A as a regulator of T cell response paves the way to provide novel therapeutic approaches for modulation of the immune response.
Reducing Computation Effort by Parallel Optimization for Modular Multilevel Converters (2018)

The efficiency of a converter is important for automotive applications and influences a car's range. Modular Multilevel Series Parallel Converters offer increased efficiency compared to conventional converters. However, one drawback is the need of a complex and time-consuming control structure because online optimization methods are needed. This paper presents a control method which is based on dynamically updated look-up tables. Using parallel optimization enables the calculation of the optimal switching states asynchronously to the switching frequency. Thereby, the maximum switching frequency is increased. The simulative results clarify that active balancing and efficiency optimization shows a performance similar to online optimization methods. This finding should be considered when the control platform is chosen since a smaller and cheaper logic and processing unit can be used.
Regional sequence stratigraphic setting and reservoir geology of Morrow incised-valley sandstones (lower Pennsylvanian), eastern Colorado and western Kansas (2003)

Oil and gas exploration for the lower Pennsylvanian Morrow Formation of eastern Colorado, western Kansas, and northwestern Oklahoma provides a subsurface data set that transects the entire range of lowstand depositional systems from incised-valley-fill systems to deep-water basin-floor systems in one composite depositional sequence. One compound incised-valley fill that is a part of this system contains three facies tracts with unique reservoir characteristics: (1) the updip facies tract is dominated by amalgamated fluvial channel sandstones, (2) the transition facies tract consists of fluvial channel sandstones interbedded with finer grained estuarine sandstones, and (3) the downdip facies tract consists of ribbonlike fluvial channel sandstones isolated in estuarine shale.A 175-mi-long (283-km-long) longitudinal cross section through one trunk of the incised-valley-fill drainage shows that internal valley-fill strata change significantly as a function of the interplay of varying depositional systems down gradient in the valley. Key contrasts in reservoir performance are documented as a function of changes in reservoir characteristics, trap controls, and trap configurations from updip to downdip in this valley-fill drainage.The strata of the Morrow Formation were deposited in a cratonic basin during a period in the Earth's history when the climate was cooler than today. High-frequency changes of sea level across an extremely low-gradient depositional surface controlled erosion and deposition. These facies tracts reflect the response of valley-fill sedimentary processes to high-frequency relative sea level changes resulting from glacio-eustasy. The resultant valley-fill systems have many characteristics in common with published valley-fill models, but have significant differences as well.
Paper Strengthening with Gas-Phase Parylene. Polymers: Practical Considerations (1990)

Article Paper Strengthening with Gas-Phase Parylene. Polymers: Practical Considerations was published on January 1, 1990 in the journal Restaurator. International Journal for the Preservation of Library and Archival Material (volume 11, issue 1).