gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Subtle Decreases in Stavudine Phenotypic Susceptibility Predict Poor Virologic Response to Stavudine Monotherapy in Zidovudine-Experienced Patients (2002)

To identify the level of phenotypic susceptibility for stavudine (d4T) that is associated with a diminished virologic response to d4T therapy, phenotyping was performed on archived baseline HIV isolates from 26 subjects who received d4T monotherapy in AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG) 302 who had received >3 years of prior zidovudine (ZDV) monotherapy. Seven of 26 subjects achieved a virologic response of >0.3-log10 copies/mL reduction in plasma HIV RNA after 8 weeks of d4T. Responders had lower fold changes in susceptibility to d4T (1.0 vs. 1.6, p=.003), lower baseline viral loads (4.26 vs. 4.74 log10 copies/mL, p=.004), and fewer thymidine analog mutations (TAMS) (1 vs. 2, p=.059). Lower baseline d4T fold change in susceptibility predicted greater reductions in HIV RNA from baseline to week 8 after adjusting for baseline HIV RNA, ZDV fold change in susceptibility, and number of TAMS. Using the same phenotypic assay, drug susceptibility among 240 antiretroviral-naive patients found all HIV isolates to have d4T susceptibility <or=1.4-fold change. Using <or=1.4 as the d4T cutoff, the positive predictive value for a virologic response in this study was 44%, and the negative predictive value was 100%. d4T susceptibility greater than 1.4-fold change was associated with failure to achieve significant viral load reduction after 8 weeks of d4T monotherapy.
One-round strongly secure key exchange with perfect forward secrecy and deniability (2011)

Traditionally, secure one-round key exchange protocols in the PKI setting have either achieved perfect forward secrecy, or forms of deniability, but not both. On the one hand, achieving perfect forward secrecy against active attackers seems to require some form of authentication of the messages, as in signed Diffie-Hellman style protocols, that subsequently sacrifice deniability. On the other hand, using implicit authentication along the lines of MQV and descendants sacrifices perfect forward secrecy in one round and achieves only weak perfect forward secrecy instead. We show that by reintroducing signatures, it is possible to satisfy both a strong key-exchange security notion as well as a strong form of deniability, in one-round key exchange protocols. Our security notion for key exchange is stronger than, e. g., the extended CK model, and captures perfect forward secrecy. Our notion of deniability, which we call peer-and-time deniability, is stronger than that offered by, e. g., the SIGMA protocol. We propose a concrete protocol and prove that it satisfies our definition of key-exchange security in the random oracle model as well as peer-and-time deniability. The protocol combines a signed-Diffie-Hellman message exchange with an MQV-style key computation, and offers a remarkable combination of advanced security properties and efficiency
The magnetic and structural properties of R-Ti-Fe ternary compounds (1987)

The magnetic and structural properties of RTiFe ternary alloy system were investigated. It was found that the alloy includes a new compound having the ratio of R to Ti to Fe of 1:1:10 and tetragonal structure. The SmTiFe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</inf> compound has a high saturation magnetization and magnetic anisotropy. It was also found that the same compound takes place in Sm-Ti-Co system.
Palladium structure engineering induced by electrochemical H intercalation boosts hydrogen evolution catalysis (2019)

Structure engineering by electrochemical H intercalation boosts the performance of Pd due to weakened Pd–H bonding.
Lack of choice (1988)

I would like to make a comment, in light of my own experience concerning Colin Ralph's letter about UKCC reregistration fees (Nursing Standard week ending January 2). He states that the majority of practitioners support the move to periodic reregistration. I would argue with this statement. Nurses are paying because failure to do so means loss of registration, therefore loss of right to practice, therefore loss of means to earn a living. Because I believe this to be undemocratic I refused to pay.
Dispersive Rayleigh Wave Delay Line Utilizing Gold on Lithium Niobate (Correspondence) (1969)

The dispersion characteristics have been obtained for a gold film overlay on lithium niobate into which Rayleigh waves around 100 MHz are injected. Phase and attenuation measurements are conducted continuously as the gold film is deposited under vacuum conditions. Linear increase of delay with frequency is observed for a gold thickness approximating 5000 /spl Aring/.
Testing autonomous cars for feature interaction failures using many-objective search (2018)

Complex systems such as autonomous cars are typically built as a composition of features that are independent units of functionality. Features tend to interact and impact one another's behavior in unknown ways. A challenge is to detect and manage feature interactions, in particular, those that violate system requirements, hence leading to failures. In this paper, we propose a technique to detect feature interaction failures by casting this problem into a search-based test generation problem. We define a set of hybrid test objectives (distance functions) that combine traditional coverage-based heuristics with new heuristics specifically aimed at revealing feature interaction failures. We develop a new search-based test generation algorithm, called FITEST, that is guided by our hybrid test objectives. FITEST extends recently proposed many-objective evolutionary algorithms to reduce the time required to compute fitness values. We evaluate our approach using two versions of an industrial self-driving system. Our results show that our hybrid test objectives are able to identify more than twice as many feature interaction failures as two baseline test objectives used in the software testing literature (i.e., coverage-based and failure-based test objectives). Further, the feedback from domain experts indicates that the detected feature interaction failures represent real faults in their systems that were not previously identified based on analysis of the system features and their requirements.
Does Okun’s law still hold today? (2013)

Arthur Okun claimed that when a country’s unemployment rate fell, the GDP expanded. This paper investigates the claim of Arthur Okun and the effect of unemployment rates and GDP of a country on each other. Data from three countries, namely, USA, Japan, and France, were tested to see if there was a causal link between the two variables. It was found that the proposed law of Arthur Okun did not hold. In the USA, there was a two way causality link but different directions of effect. France and Japan did not have a causal link between the two variables.
Structural and Functional Characterizations of SsgB, a Conserved Activator of Developmental Cell Division in Morphologically Complex Actinomycetes (2009)

SsgA-like proteins (SALPs) are a family of homologous cell division-related proteins that occur exclusively in morphologically complex actinomycetes. We show that SsgB, a subfamily of SALPs, is the archetypal SALP that is functionally conserved in all sporulating actinomycetes. Sporulation-specific cell division of Streptomyces coelicolor ssgB mutants is restored by introduction of distant ssgB orthologues from other actinomycetes. Interestingly, the number of septa (and spores) of the complemented null mutants is dictated by the specific ssgB orthologue that is expressed. The crystal structure of the SsgB from Thermobifida fusca was determined at 2.6 A resolution and represents the first structure for this family. The structure revealed similarities to a class of eukaryotic "whirly" single-stranded DNA/RNA-binding proteins. However, the electro-negative surface of the SALPs suggests that neither SsgB nor any of the other SALPs are likely to interact with nucleotide substrates. Instead, we show that a conserved hydrophobic surface is likely to be important for SALP function and suggest that proteins are the likely binding partners.
Driver Distraction, Telematics Design, and Workload Managers: Safety Issues and Solutions (2004)

This paper discusses how workload managers, driver distraction and telematics design interact. Workload managers are systems that try to ascertain if a driver is distracted or on information overload, and changes the operation of warning systems and the availability of telematics accordingly. Workload managers regulate the information flow to drivers that could negatively impact the driving task. This paper presents a summary of literature on traffic accidents and driver performance, discusses the unique nature of telematics operations, relates possible workload manager architectures, current industry efforts, and appropriate regulations.
Retained foetal membranes in dairy herds in the Huntly District (1967)

Abstract Extract During the period from April 1, 1964 to February 28, 1966, veterinary surgeons of the Huntly District Veterinary Club conducted an investigation into the incidence, the cause, subsequent fertility and treatment of dairy cows with retained foetal membranes.
Peer Assisted Study Sessions (PASS) in first year chemistry and statistics courses: insights and evaluations (2004)

First level Science students are faced with a bewildering array of courses at university, many of them with densely structured, modular, and multi-streamed curricula. While such curricula are designed to give students the advantage of studying a large number of topics in separate modules within the one course structure, they also have the potential to alienate rather than engage students. This is especially so if students lack the ability to interpret confusing messages concerning learning requirements. Any lack of coherence between teaching, learning and assessment may be exacerbated if there is non-alignment between student learning and progressive assessment. If students lack an overarching perspective of the critical appraisal inherent in the discipline, they may be forced to adopt a surface learning approach, especially if they have done so in the past.

Students’ prior educational experiences are known to influence their current conceptions of learning (Marton and Saljo 1997). However, while students’ approaches to learning can be influenced by their perceptions of the teaching and learning environments (Biggs 1999b), assessment criteria (Laurillard 1997), or motivation and anxiety levels (Fransson 1977), their learning orientations may be positively re-directed. This can be achieved if they are encouraged to become personally involved with their own learning (Beaty, Gibbs and Morgan 1997); for example, by increasing students’ level of learning related activity with the coursework (Biggs 1999a).

To provide an active learning environment which can also support the alignment of learning objectives and assessment with student learning, peer assisted study sessions (PASS) have been introduced into the curricula of eleven first level courses within the Faculty of Biological and Chemical Sciences. The aim of this paper is to discuss features, or insights, that have been identified as contributing to the successful implementation of PASS in chemistry and statistics, and to evaluate the effect of PASS on student performance and subsequent recruitment into the discipline.
Ets homologous factor regulates pathways controlling response to injury in airway epithelial cells (2014)

Ets homologous factor (EHF) is an Ets family transcription factor expressed in many epithelial cell types including those lining the respiratory system. Disruption of the airway epithelium is central to many lung diseases, and a network of transcription factors coordinates its normal function. EHF can act as a transcriptional activator or a repressor, though its targets in lung epithelial cells are largely uncharacterized. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by deep sequencing (ChIP-seq), showed that the majority of EHF binding sites in lung epithelial cells are intergenic or intronic and coincide with putative enhancers, marked by specific histone modifications. EHF occupies many genomic sites that are close to genes involved in intercellular and cell-matrix adhesion. RNA-seq after EHF depletion or overexpression showed significant alterations in the expression of genes involved in response to wounding. EHF knockdown also targeted genes in pathways of epithelial development and differentiation and locomotory behavior. These changes in gene expression coincided with alterations in cellular phenotype including slowed wound closure and increased transepithelial resistance. Our data suggest that EHF regulates gene pathways critical for epithelial response to injury, including those involved in maintenance of barrier function, inflammation and efficient wound repair.
Identification of three novel mutations of the noggin gene in patients with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (2001)

We report noggin mutations in three Spanish families with fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP). The three propositi have typical FOP findings; in the first and third families the parents are unaffected, while in the second family the father is partially affected. DNA of the three propositi and their parents was screened by sequencing for mutations in the noggin gene (NOG). Sequencing indicated a G to C mutation at nucleotide 274 of the NOG gene in the first propositus, encoding for the G92R substitution at the peptide level; this first mutation is de novo, the corresponding change not being observed in parents. In the second propositus, a G to T mutation at nucleotide 271 encodes for the G91C substitution, transmitted in the corresponding family by the partially affected father. In the third propositus, sequencing indicated a G to A mutation at nucleotide 275, encoding for the G92E substitution; this third mutation is de novo. All three mutations, as well as the Delta42 deletion already reported, resulted in the alteration of the portion of the NOG gene at positions 265-282, encoding for the potential N-myristoylation site at residues 89-GGGGGA-94.
pH-Taxis of Biohybrid Microsystems (2015)

The last decade has seen an increasing number of studies developing bacteria and other cell-integrated biohybrid microsystems. However, the highly stochastic motion of these microsystems severely limits their potential use. Here, we present a method that exploits the pH sensing of flagellated bacteria to realize robust drift control of multi-bacteria propelled microrobots. Under three specifically configured pH gradients, we demonstrate that the microrobots exhibit both unidirectional and bidirectional pH-tactic behaviors, which are also observed in free-swimming bacteria. From trajectory analysis, we find that the swimming direction and speed biases are two major factors that contribute to their tactic drift motion. The motion analysis of microrobots also sheds light on the propulsion dynamics of the flagellated bacteria as bioactuators. It is expected that similar driving mechanisms are shared among pH-taxis, chemotaxis, and thermotaxis. By identifying the mechanism that drives the tactic behavior of bacteria-propelled microsystems, this study opens up an avenue towards improving the control of biohybrid microsystems. Furthermore, assuming that it is possible to tune the preferred pH of bioactuators by genetic engineering, these biohybrid microsystems could potentially be applied to sense the pH gradient induced by cancerous cells in stagnant fluids inside human body and realize targeted drug delivery.
Practical geostatistics: modeling and spatial analysis (2001)

About Practical Geostatistics.- Introduction... Why Geostatistics?- Data Types and Structures for 3D Geostatistics.- Basic Concepts of Geostatistics.- Integration of Geology with Geostatistics.- Practical Application of Geostatistics.- Geostatistical Uncertainty and Probability.- Visualization and Spatial Analysis.- Practical Data Management for Geostatistics.- Worked Examples.
Enabling fast prediction for ensemble models on data streams (2011)

Ensemble learning has become a common tool for data stream classification, being able to handle large volumes of stream data and concept drifting. Previous studies focus on building accurate prediction models from stream data. However, a linear scan of a large number of base classifiers in the ensemble during prediction incurs significant costs in response time, preventing ensemble learning from being practical for many real world time-critical data stream applications, such as Web traffic stream monitoring, spam detection, and intrusion detection. In these applications, data streams usually arrive at a speed of GB/second, and it is necessary to classify each stream record in a timely manner. To address this problem, we propose a novel Ensemble-tree (E-tree for short) indexing structure to organize all base classifiers in an ensemble for fast prediction. On one hand, E-trees treat ensembles as spatial databases and employ an R-tree like height-balanced structure to reduce the expected prediction time from linear to sub-linear complexity. On the other hand, E-trees can automatically update themselves by continuously integrating new classifiers and discarding outdated ones, well adapting to new trends and patterns underneath data streams. Experiments on both synthetic and real-world data streams demonstrate the performance of our approach.
The Velocity of Longitudinal Waves in Cylindrical Bars (1941)

The velocity of longitudinal waves in cylindrical bars may be expressed as the velocity at infinite wave-length times a function of two variables: Poisson's ratio, and the ratio of the diameter of the bar to the wave-length. This function is computed over the domain of the arguments which is of physical interest. Asymptotic values for the velocities at very short wave-lengths are deduced, and the variation of the displacement as a function of the radius is discussed. It is found that a similar analysis can be applied to torsional and flexural waves.
20GHz Bandwidth Digitizer for Single Shot Analysis (2006)

The design of a single shot sampling circuit allowing 20GHz bandwidth random signal and the experimental results of the main circuits are described. Assuming a temporal analysis depth of 5ns, this circuit, based on the principle of non simultaneous spatial sampling and realized in InP HBT MMIC (FT=180GHz) and CPW propagation line, can reach a truly sampling frequency of 40GS/s. Very good performances are expected using such a technology in terms of bandwidth, dynamic range and jitter. Moreover a specific test bench allowing very low jitter measurement is presented
Design and cold testing of a high peak power X-band gyroklystron (1985)

The main goal of the University of Maryland's gyroklystron project is to develop an efficient, high power, high gain, phase controllable amplifier at 10 GHz. While peak powers of several hundred megawatts are ultimately of interest, our initial experimental design values include 30 MW of output power in 1 μs pulses with a gain in excess of 50 dB. The 30 MW power level represents an enhancement of almost three orders of magnitude over the current state-of-the-art in gyroklystron amplifiers.<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1,2</sup> This enhancement will be achieved by going to high beam energies (γ ≈ 2) and overmoded cavities TE<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup><inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf>. Outlined in this report are the steps being taken to realize our goal.
Ibuprofen Microcapsules: the Effect of Production Variables on Microcapsule Properties (1994)

AbstractIbuprofen was microencapsulated with ethylcellulose using the solvent evaporation method. The effect of production variables on the properties of the microcapsules and drug release from them is described. Results show that size distribution, drug loading and the amount of free drug on the surface of the microcapsules is affected by production variables. The release of drug from the microcapsules was observed to be strongly influenced by parameters affecting the presence of uncoated drug on the microcapsule surface.
Influence of hydrogen on the regeneration of boron-oxygen related defects in crystalline silicon (2013)

When exposed to light, boron doped monocrystalline Czochralski grown silicon suffers from degradation of the minority carrier lifetime due to the formation of recombination active boron-oxygen related defects. The so called regeneration procedure is able to convert these recombination active defects into a new less recombination active state characterized by a higher minority charge carrier lifetime and stability under illumination. However, the exact working principle on microscopic scale is still unknown even though some influencing factors were identified. The role of hydrogen in the regeneration process is investigated in this work. We find that the characteristic regeneration time constant is subject to variation depending on the process parameters of a Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition a-SiNx:H deposition, namely the applied gas flows, as well as on the thermal history of the sample prior to applying the regeneration procedure. The positive effect of a short high temperature (800–900 °C) step leads to the idea that the presence of atomic hydrogen in the silicon bulk is crucial for the regeneration effect to occur. The different regeneration behavior of samples with variable thickness of a hydrogen diffusion barrier, namely an Al2O3 layer capped by SiNx:H, supports those results. Finally, the importance of hydrogen for regeneration is directly shown on samples having different hydrogen bulk concentrations due to direct hydrogenation in a Microwave Induced Remote Hydrogen Plasma reactor. A new model to explain the effect of the regeneration of boron-oxygen related defect centers based on the possible role of atomic hydrogen is presented.
Vinyl-Polymer-Modified Hybrid Materials and Photoacid-Catalyzed Sol—Gel Reactions (1995)

We have developed a general method for the preparation of vinyl polymer-modified sol-gel hybrid materials. The polymer precursors are obtained by chain copolymerization of 3-(trialkoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate or other alkoxysilyl vinyl monomers with conventional vinyl monomers such as methyl methacrylates, acrylonitrile and styrene. The alkoxysilyl groups in the polymer precursors undergo the sol-gel reactions with inorganic precursors such as the alkoxides of silicon, titanium, and/or aluminum to afford monolithic, transparent hybrid materials without macroscopic phase separation. This approach makes it possible to incorporate virtually any conventional vinyl polymers into the inorganic matrices. We have also demonstrated that the vinyl polymer components in the inorganic matrices could be further chemically modified to give new hybrid materials or nano-composites. The first photochemical synthesis of vinyl polymer-inorganic hybrid materials has been achieved via photoacid-catalyzed sol-gel reactions. The exploratory applications are also discussed.