gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The 2010 Philip S. Portoghese Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship: Addressing the “Core Issue” in the Design of Estrogen Receptor Ligands (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPerspectiveNEXTThe 2010 Philip S. Portoghese Medicinal Chemistry Lectureship: Addressing the "Core Issue" in the Design of Estrogen Receptor LigandsAward AddressJohn A. Katzenellenbogen*View Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United StatesPhone: 1-217-333-6310. Fax: 1-217-333-7325. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: J. Med. Chem. 2011, 54, 15, 5271–5282Publication Date (Web):June 27, 2011Publication History Received21 June 2011Published online11 July 2011Published inissue 11 August 2011https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm200801hhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jm200801hreview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2457Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Crystal structure,Elements,Ligands,Receptors,Substituents Get e-Alerts
Total capacity management using simulation (1991)

Presents a discussion of how modeling and simulation can be used to support total capacity management (TCM). TCM promotes the integration of functions relating to capacity management and the sharing of information and decisions with those systems that are also involved in manufacturing system improvement. TCM is focused on the productive capability of the manufacturing system. It performs functions related to capacity setting and resource and job scheduling originally promised in an accurate or usable form at the shop floor level. It provides a path to break down the barriers between the functional units of design, planning, operations, and control. First, TCM is defined, then an example architecture for simulation-based TCM is described, and, finally two applications which relate to TCM concepts are given. >
Cross Talk Between Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide (2002)

Carbon monoxide and nitric oxide are two endogenously produced gases that can act as second messenger molecules. Heme oxygenase and nitric oxide synthase are the enzyme systems responsible for generating carbon monoxide and nitric oxide, respectively. Both carbon monoxide and nitric oxide share similar properties, such as the ability to activate soluble guanylate cyclase to increase cyclic GMP. It is becoming increasingly clear that these two gases do not always work independently, but rather can modulate each other's activity. Although much is known about the heme oxygenase/carbon monoxide and nitric oxide synthase/nitric oxide pathways, how these two important systems interact is less well understood. This review attempts to define the current known relationship between carbon monoxide and nitric oxide as it relates to their production and physiological function.
Synthesis of Potential Diuretic Agents. IV. Bromo Derivatives of 1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine 1,1-Dioxide (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Potential Diuretic Agents. IV. Bromo Derivatives of 1,2,4-Benzothiadiazine 1,1-DioxideJAMES H. SHORT and LEO R. SWETTCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1961, 26, 9, 3428–3431Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01067a098https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01067a098research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Plants, People, and Culture: The Science of Ethnobotany. (1996)

Is it possible that plants have shaped the very trajectory of human cultures? Using riveting stories of fieldwork in remote villages, two of the world’s leading ethnobotanists argue that our past and our future are deeply intertwined with plants. Creating massive sea craft from plants, indigenous shipwrights spurred the navigation of the world’s oceans. Today, indigenous agricultural innovations continue to feed, clothe, and heal the world’s population. One out of four prescription drugs, for example, were discovered from plants used by traditional healers. Objects as common as baskets for winnowing or wooden boxes to store feathers were ornamented with traditional designs demonstrating the human ability to understand our environment and to perceive the cosmos. Throughout the world, the human body has been used as the ultimate canvas for plant-based adornment as well as indelible design using tattoo inks. 

Plants also garnered religious significance, both as offerings to the gods and as a doorway into the other world. Indigenous claims that plants themselves are sacred is leading to a startling reformulation of conservation. The authors argue that conservation goals can best be achieved by learning from, rather than opposing, indigenous peoples and their beliefs. 

KEY FEATURES
• An engrossing narrative that invites the reader to personally engage with the relationship between plants, people, and culture
• Full-color illustrations throughout—including many original photographs captured by the authors during fieldwork
• New to this edition—Plants That Harm, a chapter that examines the dangers of poisonous plants and the promise that their study holds for novel treatments for some of our most serious diseases, including Alzheimer’s and substance addiction
• Additional readings at the end of each chapter to encourage further exploration
• Boxed features on selected topics that offer further insight
• Provocative questions to facilitate group discussion

Designed for the college classroom as well as for lay readers, this update of Plants, People, and Culture entices the reader with firsthand stories of fieldwork, spectacular illustrations, and a deep respect for both indigenous peoples and the earth’s natural heritage.
Neural contributions to the motivational control of appetite in humans (2004)

The motivation to eat in humans is a complex process influenced by intrinsic mechanisms relating to the hunger and satiety cascade, and extrinsic mechanisms based on the appetitive incentive value of individual foods, which can themselves induce desire. This study was designed to investigate the neural basis of these two factors contributing to the control of motivation to eat within the same experimental design using positron emission tomography. Using a novel counterbalanced approach, participants were scanned in two separate sessions, once after fasting and once after food intake, in which they imagined themselves in a restaurant and considered a number of items on a menu, and were asked to choose their most preferred. All items were tailored to each individual and varied in their incentive value. No actual foods were presented. In response to a hungry state, increased activation was shown in the hypothalamus, amygdala and insula cortex as predicted, as well as the medulla, striatum and anterior cingulate cortex. Satiety, in contrast, was associated with increased activation in the lateral orbitofrontal and temporal cortex. Only activity in the vicinity of the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex was observed in response to the processing of extrinsic appetitive incentive information. These results suggest that the contributions of intrinsic homeostatic influences, and extrinsic incentive factors to the motivation to eat, are somewhat dissociable neurally, with areas of convergence in the amygdala and orbitofrontal cortex. The findings of this study have implications for research into the underlying mechanisms of eating disorders.
Electron microscope observations of the magnetic structures in magnetoresistive multilayer films (1994)

A detailed investigation of the magnetic domain structures present in Cu-based magnetoresistive multilayers was carried out using transmission electron microscopy. The Cu thickness was varied to give multilayer films exhibiting a wide range of magnetoresistance values. The domain structures and magnetization reversal processes in samples with low magnetoresistance values were found to be typical of predominantly uniaxial, ferromagnetically coupled multilayer films. The giant magnetoresistance samples did not show a pronounced anisotropy. Rather than a complete antiparallel alignment of the magnetic layers at zero magnetization, the giant magnetoresistance samples displayed a significant parallel alignment. Samples with moderate magnetoresistance values exhibited a mixture of the structures observed in the high and low magnetoresistance films depending on the applied field orientation.
Solvothermal synthesis and characterization of a layered pyridinium vanadate, (C5H6N)V3O7 (2003)

A new layered vanadium oxide, (C5H5NH)V3O7, has been synthesized by a solvothermal process at 200 °C; this is the first vanadium oxide to have an aromatic intercalate between the V3O7 sheets, and it has a monoclinic structure with space group P21 and lattice parameters a = 7.5296(6) Å, b = 6.6592(8) Å, c = 10.1513(12) Å and β = 94.460(2)°.
The nature of engineering, the science of humanities, and Godel's theorem (2000)

No abstract available.
A Simple Anaerobic Cell for the Beckman Spectrophotometer (1961)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Simple Anaerobic Cell for the Beckman SpectrophotometerB. J. McCormick and George. GorinCite this: Anal. Chem. 1961, 33, 1, 157Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1961Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1961https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60169a058https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60169a058research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Influence of Glycyrrhetinic Acid on Plasma Cortisol and Cortisone in Healthy Young Volunteers (1990)

Based on studies in laboratory animals and on measurements of the urinary metabolites (allo)tetrahydrocortisol and tetrahydrocortisone in human volunteers it has been claimed that liquorice-induced mineralocorticoid excess is caused by a unique defect in the conversion of cortisol to cortisone. To further evaluate this hypothesis we have investigated the influence of glycyrrhetinic acid (GA), the mineralocorticoid-active constituent of liquorice, on plasma cortisol and cortisone in 10 healthy young normotensive volunteers. Pure GA (500 mg/day), administered orally from days 3-10 of the study, exerted pronounced mineralocorticoid activity. Ingestion of GA resulted in an elevated urinary excretion of free cortisol and virtually unchanged plasma cortisol levels in the presence of markedly decreased levels of both plasma cortisone and urinary free cortisone. These results provide direct clinical support for the hypothesis that GA induces an inhibition of the activity of 11 beta-dehydrogenase, resulting in a blockade in the conversion of cortisol to cortisone.
Spectrum of Cardiac Manifestations in COVID-19 (2020)

In COVID-19 infection, LV systolic function is preserved in the majority of patients, but LV diastolic function and RV function are impaired. Elevated troponin and poorer clinical grade are associated with worse RV function. In patients presenting with clinical deterioration at follow-up, acute RV dysfunction, with or without deep vein thrombosis, is more common, but acute LV systolic dysfunction was noted in ≈20%.
Induced and Spontaneous Emission in a Coherent Field. III (1960)

The theory developed in the first two articles of this series, dealing with the interaction between the electromagnetic field in a cavity resonator and a number of two-level molecules, is generalized to include a Gaussian spread in the molecular frequency. The center of the molecular frequency distribution coincides with the cavity resonant frequency. There is a coherent driving field in the cavity at the same frequency, and cavity loss is taken into account.Using the formalism previously developed for a quantum-mechanical field in a lossy cavity, expressions are obtained by means of second-order perturbation theory for the expectation values of the field strength and field energy in the cavity, and of the power loss by the molecules. It is shown that the parts of the field energy resulting from induced and spontaneous emission, respectively, initially increase as the square of the time and approach steady-state values after (different, in general) transient periods, each of which is determined by two time constants: cavity relaxation time and inverse molecular frequency spread.It is also shown that both the induced and spontaneous emission power radiated by the molecules increase initially linearly with the time and approach steady-state values after transient periods. For the induced emission power, the transient period is determined by only one time constant, the inverse molecular frequency spread, while for the spontaneous emission power it is determined both by the inverse molecular frequency spread and the cavity relaxation time. The ratio of induced to spontaneous emission is initially $n$, and approaches a steady-state value $n{[\mathrm{exp}({r}^{2})(1\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{erf}r)]}^{\ensuremath{-}1},$ where $n$ is the driving field energy in units of the photon energy, and $r$ is the ratio of the cavity resonance width to molecular frequency spread. The seeming inconsistency of this value with the classical value of the ratio of the Einstein coefficients is discussed.
NMR Spectroscopic-Based Metabonomic Studies of Urinary Metabolite Variation in Acclimatizing Germ-Free Rats (2003)

Understanding metabolic variation in "normal" animals is critical to the evaluation of drug-induced metabolic perturbation related to toxicity or pharmacology. NMR spectroscopic-based metabonomic methods were used to evaluate the acclimatization pathways of germ-free (axenic) rats to standard laboratory conditions concomitant with the associated development of gut microfloral communities. Urine samples from male Fischer 344 germ-free rats were collected over 21 days following introduction to a standard laboratory environment and analyzed using NMR spectroscopy. NMR spectra were data-reduced and analyzed using principal component analysis to visualize the changes in the host metabolic trajectory over the course of the study. At days 2 and 6 of the acclimatization process, there were marked episodes of glycosuria. In comparison to the concentrations in the 0-6 h samples, there was a reduction in the level of the tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates (citrate, 2-oxoglutarate, and succinate) from 6 h to day 6, after which there was a sustained increase until the end of the study. The concentrations of hippurate and trimethylamine N-oxide increased over the course of the study in comparison to the levels at 0-6 h, with the most pronounced increase in the former between days 17 and 21. Phenylacetylglycine levels increased after 6 h whereas 3-hydroxypropionic acid was observed at day 12 and increased up to day 17. By day 21, the urinary metabolic profile was within the control range when compared to historical data, implying the establishment of a stable gut microflora. Although the metabolic alterations caused by the microbial alterations were not as substantial as those from metabolic dysfunction, their presence does have an effect on the interpretation of the profiles, the state of the animal, and the mechanism for the cause of such alterations. Furthermore, the use of oral drug delivery will have an effect on the microbial state, not only as a direct influence of the drug but also from it's associated vehicle. Such effects are likely to be observed particularly in the area of preclinical investigation where the data from these studies are of particular relevance.
The Tandem as a Heavy Ion Accelerator (1965)

Tables of the estimated energies obtainable with three types of tandem accelerator are presented and together with a brief discussion of the problems of heavy ion generation and acceleration.
Meta-neural networks that learn by learning (2003)

A novel method for training neural networks is introduced. The method uses an additional observing neural network called a meta-neural network (MNN) to direct the training of the basic neural network. The MNN provides the basic neural network with a step size and a direction vector which is optimal based on successful training strategies learned from problems solved previously. The combination of the MNN with the basic neural network is shown to improve learning rates for several problems when the MNN is trained on a similar problem. The MNN is shown to help solve the problem of sensitivity to initial weight vectors. In addition, computer simulations demonstrate the improvement in the learning rate of the enhanced neural network on a 4-b parity problem, when it has been trained on a different nonlinear Boolean function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved forward and inverse analyses of saturated‐unsaturated flow toward a well in a compressible unconfined aquifer (2010)

We present an analytical solution for flow to a partially penetrating well in a compressible unconfined aquifer that allows inferring its saturated and unsaturated hydraulic properties from drawdowns recorded in the saturated and/or unsaturated zone. We improve upon a previous such solution due to Tartakovsky and Neuman (2007) by (1) adopting a more flexible representation of unsaturated zone constitutive properties and (2) allowing the unsaturated zone to have finite thickness. Both solutions account for horizontal as well as vertical flows throughout the system. We investigate the effects of unsaturated zone constitutive parameters and thickness on drawdowns in the saturated and unsaturated zones as functions of position and time; demonstrate the development of significant horizontal hydraulic gradients in the unsaturated zone in response to pumping; validate our solution against numerical simulations of drawdown in a synthetic aquifer having unsaturated properties described by the van Genuchten‐Mualem constitutive model; use our solution to analyze drawdown data from a pumping test conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey at Cape Cod, Massachusetts; and compare our estimates of van Genuchten‐Mualem parameters with laboratory values obtained for similar materials in the area.
Prevention of Accidental Extubation in Newborns (1988)

Maintaining endotracheal intubation is critical to treating respiratory failure in newborns. To reduce accidental extubations in our neonatal intensive care unit, a prospective comparison of rates of extubation was made between two taping methods and whether or not a head restraint was used. One tape method was significantly better at preventing accidental extubations. Head restraint was not a benefit when used prospectively. Factors that preceded or were associated with accidental extubation included the time intubated, infant agitation, endotracheal tube suctioning, the infant turning its head, chest physiotherapy, loose tape, too short a tube between lip and adapter, weighing, and endotracheal tube taping. This information and the study design are valuable in developing strategies to minimize accidental endotracheal extubation and the subsequent risks of airway injury and subglottic stenosis in sick newborns.
Congenital Sinuses of the External (1946)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
NeuroTrainer: An Intelligent Memory Module for Deep Learning Training (2017)

This paper presents, NeuroTrainer, an intelligent memory module with in-memory accelerators that forms the building block of a scalable architecture for energy efficient training for deep neural networks. The proposed architecture is based on integration of a homogeneous computing substrate composed of multiple processing engines in the logic layer of a 3D memory module. NeuroTrainer utilizes a programmable data flow based execution model to optimize memory mapping and data re-use during different phases of training operation. A programming model and supporting architecture utilizes the flexible data flow to efficiently accelerate training of various types of DNNs. The cycle level simulation and synthesized design in 15nm FinFET showspower efficiency of 500 GFLOPS/W, and almost similar throughput for a wide range of DNNs including convolutional, recurrent, multi-layer-perceptron, and mixed (CNN+RNN) networks