gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detection and Classification of TCPRP Network Services (1997)

Computer intruders are employing more sophisticated techniques to compromise computer systems. Once compromised, in most cases, intruders install remote terminal software to ensure continued, undetectable access to the victim site bypassing standard system audit and security features. Detection of this type of intruder activity was a problem for law enforcement during a computer intrusion investigation that recently went to prosecution in Australia. The increasing availability of remote terminal software to intruders poses a significant problem to both the detection and monitoring of an intruder’s activities. This paper discusses an approach to the analysis of network traffic to detect the presence of unauthorised and anomalous network services. The aim of the project is the development of a network connection signature for common network services, therefore allowing connection type recognition independent of the port information. The specific service signatures can then be used to correlate port information with observed connection types facilitating the detection of anomalous and unauthorised network connections. The detection of anomalous connections may indicate the presence of unauthorised modifications to systems on the network being monitored or the installation of illicit remote terminal software on those systems. A modified neural network was used to analyse the network traffic captured for the experiment. Apart from it’s learning and generalisation properties, the neural network engine lends the application the ability to adapt to the different network environments on which the software may be employed.
Optical Microscopic Tomography (1985)

A new principle to obtain sectional images of a thick specimen by a conventional optical microscope without physically slicing is developed. The optical microscope with an off-axis pupil is used to project a 3-D distribution of the specimen in various directions within the numerical aperture of the objective lens. Since the system is the strictly angularly-limited one, a strong constraint is needed to reconstruct the 3-D structure from the projections. The conjugate gradient method with the object boundary constraint which is a priori known meets this problem. Experimental results with a biological sample verify the capability of the proposed method as optical tomography of microscopic size.
Improving the Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) for the World Wide Web (2016)

The Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) used for the World Wide Web (Web
PKI) is a vital component of trust in the Internet. In recent years,
there have been a number of improvements made to this infrastructure,
including improved certificate status checking, automation, and
transparency of governance. However, additional improvements are
necessary. This document identifies continuing areas of concern and
provides recommendations to the Internet community for additional
improvements, moving toward a more robust and secure Web PKI.
Next-generation sequencing identifies a novel<i>ELAVL1–TYK2</i>fusion gene in MOLM-16, an AML cell line highly sensitive to the PIM kinase inhibitor AZD1208 (2016)

Leukemia and lymphoma cell lines have been pivotal in the cytogenetic and molecular analysis of recurring chromosomal translocations, elucidating the pathogenesis of several hematological malignanc...
Biometric Mapping of Fingertip Eccrine Glands With Optical Coherence Tomography (2010)

Biometric access control systems often employ fingerprint recognition based on the analysis of ridge patterns and minutiae. The inclusion of finer details, such as sweat pores, increases the accuracy of fingerprint identification. However, the distribution of sweat pores is difficult to extract from conventional fingerprint images, where image quality is susceptible to variations in fingertip surface conditions. Furthermore, a fingertip surface can be routinely counterfeited with a variety of techniques. We propose a more reliable biometric technology using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to image the subsurface of a fingertip. Experiments demonstrate high repeatability in clearly visualizing the distribution of sweat (eccrine) glands in live fingertips. Experiments on artificial fingertips confirm this is a spoof-proof approach. We believe these encouraging results demonstrate the value of SD-OCT as a robust fingerprint identification technology for biometric recognition.
Singular-value decomposition for through-focus imaging systems (2006)

Singular-value decomposition (SVD) of a linear imaging system gives information on the null and measurement components of object and image and provides a method for object reconstruction from image data. We apply SVD to through-focus imaging systems that produce several two-dimensional images of a three-dimensional object. Analytical expressions for the singular functions are derived in the geometrical approximation for a telecentric, laterally shift-invariant system linear in intensity. The modes are evaluated numerically, and their accuracy confirmed. Similarly, the modes are derived and evaluated for a continuous image representing the limit of a large number of image planes.
Evaluation of scatter mitigation strategies for x-ray cone-beam CT: impact of scatter subtraction and anti-scatter grids on contrast-to-noise ratio (2007)

The large contribution of scatter to cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) x-ray projections significantly degrades image quality, both through streaking and cupping artifacts and by loss of low contrast boundary detectability. The goal of this investigation is to compare the efficacy of three widely used scatter mitigation methods: subtractive scatter correction (SSC); anti-scatter grids (ASG); and beam modulating with bowtie filters; for improving signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) and cupping artifacts. A simple analytic model was developed to predict scatter-to-primary ratio (SPR) and CNR as a function of cylindrical phantom thickness. In addition, CBCT x-ray projections of a CatPhan QA phantom were measured, using a Varian CBCT imaging system, and computed, using an inhouse Monte Carlo photon-transport code to more realistically evaluate the impact of scatter mitigation techniques. Images formed with uncorrected sinograms acquired without ASGs and bow-tie filter show pronounced cupping artifacts and loss of contrast. Subtraction of measured scatter profiles restores image uniformity and CT number accuracy, but does not improve CNR, since the improvement in contrast almost exactly offset by the increase in relative x-ray noise. ASGs were found to modestly improve CNR (up to 20%, depending ASG primary transmission and selectivity) only in body scans, while they can reduce CNR for head phantoms where SPR is low.
PRODUCTION OF EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS BY BACTERIA (1976)

Human coronavirus (HCoV) infection causes respiratory diseases with mild to severe outcomes. In the last 15 years, we have witnessed the emergence of two zoonotic, highly pathogenic HCoVs: severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and ...Read More
Recession and recovery in the tenth district (1991)

Recessions; Federal Reserve District, 10th
Extended Region of Nodulation Genes in <i>Rhizobium meliloti</i> 1021. II. Nucleotide Sequence, Transcription Start Sites and Protein Products (1987)

We have established the DNA sequence and analyzed the transcription and translation products of a series of putative nodulation (nod) genes in Rhizobium meliloti strain 1021. Four loci have been designated nodF, nodE, nodG and nodH. The correlation of transposon insertion positions with phenotypes and open reading frames was confirmed by sequencing the insertion junctions of the transposons. The protein products of these nod genes were visualized by in vitro expression of cloned DNA segments in a R. meliloti transcription-translation system. In addition, the sequence for nodG was substantiated by creating translational fusions in all three reading frames at several points in the sequence; the resulting fusions were expressed in vitro in both E. coli and R. meliloti transcription-translation systems. A DNA segment bearing several open reading frames downstream of nodG corresponds to the putative nod gene mutated in strain nod-216. The transcription start sites of nodF and nodH were mapped by primer extension of RNA from cells induced with the plant flavone, luteolin. Initiation of transcription occurs approximately 25 bp downstream from the conserved sequence designated the "nod box," suggesting that this conserved sequence acts as an upstream regulator of inducible nod gene expression. Its distance from the transcription start site is more suggestive of an activator binding site rather than an RNA polymerase binding site.
Temperature and Magnetic Effects on the Work Function of a Ni(100) Surface (1987)

The influence of ferromagnetism on the work function (WF) was studied by measuring the contact potential difference of a Ni(100) face, with an accuracy of ±0.5 meV. A decrease of the WF with temperature (approximate coefficient: -1.83×10 -4 eV/°C) and an anomalous change near the Curie point were found. By extrapolation from the paramagnetic region, the magnetic effect on the WF was estimated to be 2∼3 meV. These experimental results are explained as the combined effect of thermal expansion and spontaneous volume magnetostriction.
Review and Evaluation of MAC Protocols for Satellite IoT Systems Using Nanosatellites (2019)

Extending the internet of things (IoT) networks to remote areas under extreme conditions or for serving sometimes unpredictable mobile applications has increased the need for satellite technology to provide effective connectivity. However, existent medium access control (MAC) protocols deployed in commercial satellite networks were not designed to offer scalable solutions for the increasing number of devices predicted for IoT in the near future, nor do they consider other specific IoT characteristics. In particular, CubeSats-a low-cost solution for space technology-have the potential to become a wireless access network for the IoT, if additional requirements, including simplicity and low demands in processing, storage, and energy consumption are incorporated into MAC protocol design for satellite IoT systems. Here we review MAC protocols employed or proposed for satellite systems and evaluate their performance considering the IoT scenario along with the trend of using CubeSats for IoT connectivity. Criteria include channel load, throughput, energy efficiency, and complexity. We have found that Aloha-based protocols and interference cancellation-based protocols stand out on some of the performance metrics. However, the tradeoffs among communications performance, energy consumption, and complexity require improvements in future designs, for which we identify specific challenges and open research areas for MAC protocols deployed with next low-cost nanosatellite IoT systems.
Biodiversity-Based Identification and Functional Characterization of the Mannose-Specific Adhesin of<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> (2005)

Lactobacillus plantarum is a frequently encountered inhabitant of the human intestinal tract, and some strains are marketed as probiotics. Their ability to adhere to mannose residues is a potentially interesting characteristic with regard to proposed probiotic features such as colonization of the intestinal surface and competitive exclusion of pathogens. In this study, the variable capacity of 14 L. plantarum strains to agglutinate Saccharomyces cerevisiae in a mannose-specific manner was determined and subsequently correlated with an L. plantarum WCFS1-based genome-wide genotype database. This led to the identification of four candidate mannose adhesin-encoding genes. Two genes primarily predicted to code for sortase-dependent cell surface proteins displayed a complete gene-trait match. Their involvement in mannose adhesion was corroborated by the finding that a sortase (srtA) mutant of L. plantarum WCFS1 lost the capacity to agglutinate S. cerevisiae. The postulated role of these two candidate genes was investigated by gene-specific deletion and overexpression in L. plantarum WCFS1. Subsequent evaluation of the mannose adhesion capacity of the resulting mutant strains showed that inactivation of one candidate gene (lp_0373) did not affect mannose adhesion properties. In contrast, deletion of the other gene (lp_1229) resulted in a complete loss of yeast agglutination ability, while its overexpression quantitatively enhanced this phenotype. Therefore, this gene was designated to encode the mannose-specific adhesin (Msa; gene name, msa) of L. plantarum. Domain homology analysis of the predicted 1,000-residue Msa protein identified known carbohydrate-binding domains, further supporting its role as a mannose adhesin that is likely to be involved in the interaction of L. plantarum with its host in the intestinal tract.
Design and testing of an innovative slim-edge termination for silicon radiation detectors (2013)

Silicon detectors with reduced or no dead volume along the edges have been attracting a lot of interest in the past few years in many different fields. High Energy Physics (HEP) experiments are demanding this feature to ease the assembly of the innermost tracking layers, where space and material budget are usually a concern. At the same time, other applications like X-Ray imaging, are starting to use matrixes of silicon detectors to cover increasingly larger areas and, in order to do so in a seamless way, minimum edge extension is required. In this paper we report on the design and testing of a new edge termination for silicon 3D detectors able to reduce the edge extension to about 50 μm without increasing the fabrication complexity. In addition, the same edge termination can also be applied to planar detectors with little additional process complexity.
Dissolution Properties of Piroxicam Powders and Capsules as a Function of Particle Size and the Agglomeration of Powders (2000)

The poor dissolution characteristics of relatively insoluble drugs have long been a problem to the pharmaceutical industry. An example is piroxicam, a highly potent anti-inflammatory agent. In many countries, a large number of generic piroxicam products are available to the prescriber. The aim of this study was to investigate the cause of the dissolution problems experienced by manufacturers of generic piroxicam capsules. Two raw material batches and the dissolution properties of several piroxicam capsules were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) results showed that the two raw material samples were identical with respect to polymorphic modification. The particles of powder 1 were smaller than those of powder 2, but the dissolution of powder 1 was much slower than that of powder 2. The dissolution results for the capsules showed a marked difference among different brands, with capsule C not meeting the USP tolerance. Adding surfactant to the dissolution medium increased the dissolution of both powder 1 and capsule C. Failure of powder 1 or capsule C to meet USP dissolution criteria could result in differences in product efficacy, as well as in potential side effects. Such observations should be taken into account along with other relevant considerations when decisions regarding the generic substitution of oral piroxicam products are made.
Digital Camera for Acoustic Applications (1969)

We present a method for constructing a camera by using a digital computer to process the output of an array of hydrophones. The theoretical foundations of the system are presented, being nothing more than a new way of using established acoustic theory. The 1108 computer at NUWC has been programmed to simulate an acoustic field, and the digital camera has been used to form images of the simulated acoustic objects. The details of the program, and the pictures formed by the digital camera, are presented. Some of the details of a proposed first model of the camera are presented and the need for acoustic research is explored.
Extraction of the respiration influence from the heart rate variability signal by means of lattice adaptive filter (2002)

The respiratory sinus arrhythmia that influences the heart rate variability (HRV) signal is well quantifiable, by means of frequency analysis, in stationary conditions, when the respiration rate is uniform. In many physiological and pathological conditions, however, the respiration is characterized by transitions and variations which compromise the hypothesis of stationarity required for a correct spectral analysis. Here, an adaptive filter implemented in lattice form is employed for predicting the influence of respiration on the HRV and for separating this contribution from the other ones, namely from the low frequency (LF) oscillations also present in the HRV. The filter was employed for studying the sympatho-vagal balance in normal subjects during sleep, and in particular during transitions between different sleep stages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Public Health Engineering (1930)

Public Health Engineering Arthur P. Miller CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.20.3.316 Published Online: August 29, 2011
Genistein, a natural product from soy, is a potent inhibitor of transthyretin amyloidosis (2005)

The misfolding of transthyretin (TTR), including rate-limiting tetramer dissociation and partial monomer denaturation, is sufficient for TTR misassembly into amyloid and other abnormal quaternary structures associated with three amyloid diseases: senile systemic amyloidosis, familial amyloid polyneuropathy, and familial amyloid cardiomyopathy. Small molecules can bind to one or both of the unoccupied TTR thyroid hormone-binding sites, stabilizing the native tetramer more than the dissociative transition state, thereby raising the kinetic barrier for tetramer dissociation. Herein we demonstrate that genistein, the major isoflavone natural product in soy, works in this fashion and is an excellent inhibitor of transthyretin tetramer dissociation and amyloidogenesis, reducing acid-mediated fibril formation to <10% of that exhibited by TTR alone. Genistein also inhibits the amyloidogenesis of the most common familial amyloid polyneuropathy and familial amyloid cardiomyopathy mutations in TTR: V30M and V122I, respectively. Genistein additionally inhibits tetramer dissociation under physiological conditions thought to lead to slow amyloidogenesis in humans. Furthermore, this natural product exhibits highly selective binding to TTR in plasma over all of the other plasma proteins. Isothermal titration calorimetry shows that genistein binds to TTR with negative cooperativity (K(d1) = 40 nM, K(d2) = 1.4 microM). The benefits of using a nutraceutical such as genistein to treat orphan diseases such as the TTR amyloidoses include known oral bioavailability and safety data. It is conceivable that some patients could benefit from simply increasing their intake of soy products or supplements.
Nonapeptide Analogues Containing (<i>R</i>)-3-Hydroxybutanoate and β-Homoalanine Oligomers:  Synthesis and Binding Affinity to a Class I Major Histocompatibility Complex Protein (1999)

Crystal structures of antigenic peptides bound to class I MHC proteins suggest that chemical modifications of the central part of the bound peptide should not alter binding affinity to the MHC restriction protein but could perturb the T-cell response to the parent epitope. In our effort in designing nonpeptidic high-affinity ligands for class I MHC proteins, oligomers of (R)-3-hydroxybutanoate and(or) beta-homoalanine have been substituted for the central part of a HLA-B27-restricted T-cell epitope of viral origin. The affinity of six modified peptides to the B2705 allele was determined by an in vitro stabilization assay. Four out of the six designed analogues presented an affinity similar to that of the parent peptide. Two compounds, sharing the same stereochemistry (R,R,S,S) at the four stereogenic centers of the nonpeptidic spacer, bound to B2705 with a 5-6-fold decreased affinity. Although the chiral spacers do not strongly interact with the protein active site, there are configurations which are not accepted by the MHC binding groove, probably because of improper orientation of some lateral substituents in the bound state and different conformational behavior in the free state. However we demonstrate that beta-amino acids can be incorporated in the sequence of viral T-cell epitopes without impairing MHC binding. The presented structure-activity relationships open the door to the rational design of peptide-based vaccines and of nonnatural T-cell receptor antagonists aimed at blocking peptide-specific T-cell responses in MHC-associated autoimmune diseases.
A study on dietary culture in Nara Dynasty in JAPAN (1997)

The Nara Dynasty of Japan lasted from 710 to 784 A.D, which corresponds to the period of the Unified Shilla Kingdom of Korea. The Nara Dynasty enacted the 'Daiho Law and Ordinance' by referring to those of Tang Dynasty of China. Under these legal systems, the Ministries were defined, and foods were used for paying taxes or as currency. The characteristics of the dietary culture in Nara Dynasty were as follows. 1) They obtained food from rice and other grain farming, hunting and fishery. Rice was their main staple and was also used for preparing porridge and brewing wine. 2) Under the influence of Buddhism, meat was prohibited, and milks or dairy products were supplemented for improving malnutritional status. 3) They also used seasonings, spices and sweeteners to enhance the taste and produced medicines by extracting plants, animals and minerals. 4) While chopsticks were made of bamboo, willow, silver, shell, tree or bronze, such utensils as pan earthenware steamer, or charcoal pots were used for preparing meals. 5) Highly qualified utensils, made of porcelains painted with lacguetr, metal, glass, horn and stone, were produced as handcraft art wad developed. 6) Chinese style cousines and cooking methods were popular and various types of preserving techniques like drying or salting were used. Processed cookies were also developed. 7) Although flour was used mainly among noble class people, ordinary people also used it. The royal families ate milk products a lot and even fried foods. 8) One can say that Buddism exerted an influence on Vegetarianism from this era.
Chromosomal Gene Inactivation in the Green Sulfur Bacterium <i>Chlorobium tepidum</i> by Natural Transformation (2001)

Conditions for inactivating chromosomal genes of Chlorobium tepidum by natural transformation and homologous recombination were established. As a model, mutants unable to perform nitrogen fixation were constructed by interrupting nifD with various antibiotic resistance markers. Growth of wild-type C. tepidum at 40 degrees C on agar plates could be completely inhibited by 100 microg of gentamicin ml(-1), 2 microg of erythromycin ml(-1), 30 microg of chloramphenicol ml(-1), or 1 microg of tetracycline ml(-1) or a combination of 300 microg of streptomycin ml(-1) and 150 microg of spectinomycin ml(-1). Transformation was performed by spotting cells and DNA on an agar plate for 10 to 20 h. Transformation frequencies on the order of 10(-7) were observed with gentamicin and erythromycin markers, and transformation frequencies on the order of 10(-3) were observed with a streptomycin-spectinomycin marker. The frequency of spontaneous mutants resistant to gentamicin, erythromycin, or spectinomycin-streptomycin was undetectable or significantly lower than the transformation frequency. Transformation with the gentamicin marker was observed when the transforming DNA contained 1 or 3 kb of total homologous flanking sequence but not when the transforming DNA contained only 0.3 kb of homologous sequence. Linearized plasmids transformed at least an order of magnitude better than circular plasmids. This work forms a foundation for the systematic targeted inactivation of genes in C. tepidum, whose 2.15-Mb genome has recently been completely sequenced.