gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An introduction to tribology. (2008)

Tribology is the study of friction, wear, lubrication mechanisms, and their interrelationships. Biotribiology focuses on understanding diarthrodial joints and has been a branch of tribology since 1973. Since then, biotribology has played a prominent role in the evaluation and development of joint prostheses, contributing to reduced wear and increased longevity. Total joint replacements are now common for arthritic patients and are also used in treating a variety of other orthopaedic conditions. For this reason, a complete understanding of the joint lubrication and microstructure that exists in nature is crucial. A subfield of biotribology, biomimetic tribology, has been formed with this goal in mind. This review covers the basic concepts of tribology, provides a brief historical perspective on joint prostheses, and presents the application of tribology in understanding diarthrodial and prosthetic joints.
Effect of Tissue-Specific Promoters and microRNA Recognition Elements on Stability of Transgene Expression After Hydrodynamic Naked Plasmid DNA Delivery (2009)

Intravenous hydrodynamic injections into the liver and skeletal muscle have increased the efficacy of naked DNA delivery to a level that makes therapeutically relevant gene transfer attainable. Although there are no concerns about the immunogenicity of the delivered DNA itself, transgene products that are foreign to the host can trigger an immune response and hamper the therapeutic effect. Our goal was to determine whether and to what extent some known preventive measures are applicable to these delivery methods in order to achieve longterm expression of foreign proteins in immunocompetent mice. We designed plasmid DNA vectors that expressed a marker gene under the control of either a ubiquitous or a tissue-specific promoter. We also included microRNA (miR) target sites in the transcripts in order to silence expression in antigen-presenting cells (APCs). The constructs were delivered either into muscle or liver, using outbred ICR and inbred C57BL=6 mice. The data suggest that firefly luciferase, a potent immunogen, triggered a uniform immune response only in outbred ICR mice, and only when expressed from a ubiquitous promoter. This response could not be prevented by including APC-specific miR target sites in the transcript. In contrast, the probability of immune rejection in ICR mice could be significantly diminished by using tissue-specific promoters, and under these circumstances, the silencing of transgene expression in APCs did confer some benefits. After a single hydrodynamic injection, inbred mice did not reject luciferase under any of the tested conditions for at least 8 weeks. To test whether they became tolerized, they were challenged with a second boost of a cytomegalovirus promoter-driven luciferase construct. This triggered a strong immune response, suggesting that luciferase-reactive cells from the animals' T and B cell repertoire had not been eliminated. This secondary reaction could not be prevented by silencing expression in APCs. In conclusion, for the clinical application of hydrodynamic naked DNA delivery the use of tissue-specific promoters in combination with silencing expression in APCs will increase the probability of long-term expression, but the most desirable outcome, the establishment of transgene tolerance, appears unlikely to be achieved by any of these measures.
Generative Adversarial Speaker Embedding Networks for Domain Robust End-to-end Speaker Verification (2019)

This article presents a novel approach for learning domain-invariant speaker embeddings using Generative Adversarial Networks. The main idea is to confuse a domain discriminator so that it cannot tell if embeddings are from the source or target domains. We train several GAN variants using our proposed framework and apply them to the speaker verification task. On the challenging NIST-SRE 2016 dataset, we are able to match the performance of a strong baseline x-vector system. In contrast to the the baseline systems which are dependent on dimensionality reduction (LDA) and an external classifier (PLDA), our proposed speaker embeddings can be scored using simple cosine distance. This is achieved by optimizing our models end-to-end, using an angular margin loss function. Furthermore, we are able to significantly boost verification performance by averaging our different GAN models at the score level, achieving a relative improvement of 7.2% over the baseline.
Novel octagonal device structure for output transistors in deep-submicron low-voltage CMOS technology (2002)

A novel device structure to effectively reduce the layout area of CMOS output buffers with higher ESD reliability is proposed. Experimental results have shown that the output driving (sinking) current of output buffers in per unit layout area is increased 47.7% (34.3%) by this octagon-type design. The KBM (MM) ESD robustness of this octagon-type output buffer in per unit layout area is also increased 41.5% (84.6%), as compared to the traditional finger-type output buffer.
Kalkoenen: relatie stress-voeding-kwaliteit (1995)

leder jaar wordt in het Verenigd Koninkrijk een congres georganiseerd waar allerlei aspecten van de kalkoenhouderij aan bod komen. In april 1995 werd het congres gehouden in Renfrew, Schotland. P. Ferket
Increasing the Kinase Specificity of K252a by Protein Surface Recognition (2005)

[reaction: see text] Here we describe a miniature protein (1) that presents the cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) recognition epitope found within the heat-stable Protein Kinase Inhibitor protein (PKI) and a miniature protein conjugate (1-K252a) in which 1 is joined covalently to the high-affinity but nonselective kinase inhibitor K252a. Miniature protein 1 recognizes PKA with an affinity that rivals that of PKI and, in the context of 1-K252a, leads to a dramatic increase in kinase specificity.
Three-dimensional ultrasound scanning (2011)

The past two decades have witnessed developments of new imaging techniques that provide three-dimensional images about the interior of the human body in a manner never before available. Ultrasound (US) imaging is an important cost-effective technique used routinely in the management of a number of diseases. However, two-dimensional viewing of three-dimensional anatomy, using conventional two-dimensional US, limits our ability to quantify and visualize the anatomy and guide therapy, because multiple two-dimensional images must be integrated mentally. This practice is inefficient, and may lead to variability and incorrect diagnoses. Investigators and companies have addressed these limitations by developing three-dimensional US techniques. Thus, in this paper, we review the various techniques that are in current use in three-dimensional US imaging systems, with a particular emphasis placed on the geometric accuracy of the generation of three-dimensional images. The principles involved in three-dimensional US imaging are then illustrated with a diagnostic and an interventional application: (i) three-dimensional carotid US imaging for quantification and monitoring of carotid atherosclerosis and (ii) three-dimensional US-guided prostate biopsy.
Estimation of Induced Highway Travel Demand (2006)

Travel Demand Forecasting (TDF) is an essential and critical process in the evaluation of the highway improvement Project. The four-step TDF Process has generally been used to forecast travel demand and analyze the effects of diverted travel demand based on the given Origin-Destination trips in the future. Transportation system improvements, however, generate more travel, Induced Travel Demand (ITD) or latent travel demand, which has not been considered in the project evaluation. The Purpose of this study Is to develop a model which can forecast the ITD applied theory of economics and the Program(I.D.A) which can be widely applied to project evaluation analysis. The Kang-Byun-Book-Ro expansion scenario is used to apply and analyze a real-world situation. The result highlights that as much as 15% of diverted travel demand is generated as ITD. The results of this study are expected to improve reliability of the project evaluation of the highway improvement Project.
Cytochrome P450 and Liver Diseases (2004)

Cytochrome P-450 (CYPs) are involved in the metabolism of drugs, chemicals and endogenous substrates. The hepatic CYPs are also involved in the pathogenesis of several liver diseases. CYP-mediated activation of drugs to toxic metabolites induces hepatotoxicity. Well-known examples include acetaminophen and halothane. In some instances, covalent binding of the toxic metabolite to CYP leads to the formation of anti-CYP antibodies and immune-mediated hepatotoxicity (hydralazine, tienilic acid). Anti-CYP2D6 antibodies are also present in the serum of patients with type II autoimmune hepatitis, but the mechanism leading to their presence and their pathogenic significance remains unclear. Several studies support a role for CYP2E1 in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. In these conditions, enhanced CYP2E1 activity is associated with lipid peroxidation and the production of reactive oxygen species with secondary damage to cellular membranes and mitochondria. Because of its ability to activate carcinogens, a role for CYP2E1 as a cofactor for hepatocellular carcinoma has also been postulated. On the other hand, drug metabolism is impaired in patients with liver disease, particularly that mediated by CYPs. The content and activity of CYP1A, 2C19 and 3A appear to be particularly vulnerable to the effect of liver disease while CYP2D6, 2C9 and 2E1 are less affected. The pattern of CYPs isoenzymes alterations also differs according to the etiology of liver disease. A strong relationship between the activity of CYPs and the severity of cirrhosis has been demonstrated, but the usefulness of measuring CYP activity to assess hepatic functional reserve remains uncertain.
Synthesis of 4-Formyl Estrone Using a Positional Protecting Group and Its Conversion to Other C-4-Substituted Estrogens (2007)

4-Formyl estrone was synthesized in overall good yield in three steps starting from estrone. This was achieved by conducting an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction using formaldehyde, triethylamine, and MgCl2 on 2-tert-butyl estrone, which was readily prepared in 96% yield from estrone using tert-butyl alcohol and BF3OEt2. The tert-butyl group acted as a positional protecting group to prevent reaction at the 2-position. The tert-butyl group was readily removed in good yield using AlCl3 in dichloromethane/CH3NO2. To our knowledge, this represents the first use of a positional protecting group for the synthesis of a C-4-modified estrogen. 4-Formyl estrone was used as a common precursor to obtain a variety of other C-4 modified estrogens in very high yields such as 4-methylestrone and 4-hydroxymethylestrone as well as the novel estrogen 4-carboxyestrone. The syntheses of 4-formyl, -methyl-, and -hydroxymethyl estrone represent dramatic improvements over previously reported syntheses of these compounds.
Automated software transplantation (2015)

Automated transplantation would open many exciting avenues for software development: suppose we could autotransplant code from one system into another, entirely unrelated, system. This paper introduces a theory, an algorithm, and a tool that achieve this. Leveraging lightweight annotation, program analysis identifies an organ (interesting behavior to transplant); testing validates that the organ exhibits the desired behavior during its extraction and after its implantation into a host. While we do not claim automated transplantation is now a solved problem, our results are encouraging: we report that in 12 of 15 experiments, involving 5 donors and 3 hosts (all popular real-world systems), we successfully autotransplanted new functionality and passed all regression tests. Autotransplantation is also already useful: in 26 hours computation time we successfully autotransplanted the H.264 video encoding functionality from the x264 system to the VLC media player; compare this to upgrading x264 within VLC, a task that we estimate, from VLC's version history, took human programmers an average of 20 days of elapsed, as opposed to dedicated, time.
Processor architecture driven algorithm optimization for fast 2D-DCT (2002)

This paper presents a fast two-dimensional (inverse) discrete cosine transform optimized for software implementation on a RISC microprocessor with an integer multiplier-accumulator (MAC) unit. The number of processor cycles as well as computational error is less than that of the row-column approaches based on fast 1D DCTs. The algorithm is implemented on a 100 MIPS 32-bit scalar RISC microprocessor V830 which has a MAC unit. The 8/spl times/8 DCT/IDCT for MPEG1 size (352/spl times/240) video with 30 frames/sec can be processed with 38.5 MIPS on V830.
TNFalpha contributes to the antitumor activity of a bispecific, trifunctional antibody. (2002)

Immunological cancer therapies focus on the activation of immune effector cells yielding a specific antitumor activity. Disseminated tumor cells are regarded as the origin of metastases and consequently their elimination is the central objective of adjuvant immune therapies. The use of bispecific antibodies is an approach that is regarded as promising in order to fight those disseminated tumor cells. Unfortunately, the efficiency of these antibodies is limited by the fact that they usually activate a single class of effector cell, thus not yielding optimal immune response. In addition, tumor cells may down-regulate the antibody's target molecule and escape recognition. We have recently described results with an intact bispecific molecule, BiUII, that represents a new class of intact antibodies. These antibodies, termed "triomab", provide an excellent antitumor activity in vitro, a fact that most probably is attributable to the simultaneous activation of different classes of immune effector cells. We have now investigated this antitumor activity in more detail and demonstrate here that at least a dual mechanism accounts for triomab-mediated killing of tumor cells: besides direct cell-mediated killing, triomab induces the production of TNFalpha in PBMCs at concentrations that induce apoptosis in target cells. This bystander effect may be of special interest for the clinical application of triomab in terms of killing of target antigen-negative tumor cells.
Fatty Acid Amides. I. Preparation of Amides of Oleic and the 9,10-Dihydroxystearic Acids (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFatty Acid Amides. I. Preparation of Amides of Oleic and the 9,10-Dihydroxystearic AcidsEdward T. Roe, John T. Scanlan, and Daniel. SwernCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 6, 2215–2218Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01174a081https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01174a081research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1461Altmetric-Citations66LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation and Culture of Precursor Cells from the Adult Human Spinal Cord (2013)

Our group recently provided evidence for the presence of neural stem cells and/or progenitor cells in the adult human spinal cord. In this chapter, we review materials and methods to harvest high-quality samples of thoracolumbar, lumbar, and sacral adult human spinal cord from brain-dead patients who had agreed to donate their bodies to science for therapeutic and scientific advances. The methods to culture precursor cells from the adult human spinal cord are also described.
Applying data mining to intrusion detection (2002)

Intrusion detection is an essential component of the layered computer security mechanisms. It requires accurate and efficient models for analyzing a large amount of system and network audit data. This paper is an overview of our research in applying data mining techniques to build intrusion detection models. We describe a framework for mining patterns from system and network audit data, and constructing features according to analysis of intrusion patterns. We discuss approaches for improving the run-time efficiency as well as the credibility of detection models. We report the ideas, algorithms, and prototype systems we have developed, and discuss open research problems.
An Analytical and Experimental Investigation of Rotating, Non-Capillary Heat Pipes (1972)

An approximate theoretical model is derived for laminar film condensation on the inside of a rotating, truncated cone, and is used to predict the heat transfer performance of rotating, non-capillary heat pipes for a wide variety of parametric conditions. Experimental results are presented for water, ethyl alcohol, and freon-113 in a stainless steel heat pipe rotating to speeds of 2800 rpm. Results show that these devices can be used effectively to transfer large quantities of heat in rotating systems. Predicted results agree to within + or - 20 percent of the experimental data. Dropwise condensation, instead of film condensation, improves heat pipe performance while the presence of non-condensible gases impairs performance.
Diversity of secretion systems associated with virulence characteristics of the classical bordetellae (2015)

Secretion systems are key virulence factors, modulating interactions between pathogens and the host's immune response. Six potential secretion systems (types 1-6; T1SS-T6SS) have been discussed in classical bordetellae, respiratory commensals/pathogens of mammals. The prototypical Bordetella bronchiseptica strain RB50 genome seems to contain all six systems, whilst two human-restricted subspecies, Bordetella parapertussis and Bordetella pertussis, have lost different subsets of these. This implicates secretion systems in the divergent evolutionary histories that have led to their success in different niches. Based on our previous work demonstrating that changes in secretion systems are associated with virulence characteristics, we hypothesized there would be substantial divergence of the loci encoding each amongst sequenced strains. Here, we describe extensive differences in secretion system loci; 10 of the 11 sequenced strains had lost subsets of genes or one entire secretion system locus. These loci contained genes homologous to those present in the respective loci in distantly related organisms, as well as genes unique to bordetellae, suggesting novel and/or auxiliary functions. The high degree of conservation of the T3SS locus, a complex machine with interdependent parts that must be conserved, stands in dramatic contrast to repeated loss of T5aSS 'autotransporters', which function as an autonomous unit. This comparative analysis provided insights into critical aspects of each pathogen's adaptation to its different niche, and the relative contributions of recombination, mutation and horizontal gene transfer. In addition, the relative conservation of various secretion systems is an important consideration in the ongoing search for more highly conserved protective antigens for the next generation of pertussis vaccines.
Ceramide As a Modulator of Endocytosis (1995)

The effects of ceramide analogs on the uptake of markers for fluid-phase (horseradish peroxidase, HRP) and receptor-mediated (low density lipoprotein, LDL) endocytosis were studied in Chinese hamster fibroblasts. N-Hexanoyl-D-erythro-sphingosine (C6-Cer) decreased the uptake of HRP in a dose-dependent manner. Internalization was inhibited > 40% with 25 microM C6-Cer, relative to controls, and was apparent within 5 min. Internalization of HRP was also inhibited by other Cer analogs and by treatment with agents that raise levels of endogenous Cer (sphingomyelinase or the glycosphingolipid synthesis inhibitor, 1-phenyl-2-decanoylamino-3-morpholino-1-propanol (PDMP)), but not by N-hexanoyl-D-erythrosphinganine (C6-dihydro-Cer) or sphingosine. Internalization of LDL was also inhibited by C6-Cer in a concentration-dependent manner, but was less pronounced than the effect on HRP internalization (10% versus 40% inhibition with 25 microM C6-Cer), suggesting that ceramide might affect fluid-phase and receptor-mediated endocytosis to different extents. C6-Cer also slowed HRP and LDL transport from endosomes to lysosomes as studied by analysis of endocytic vesicles on Percoll density gradients and induced a redistribution of endocytic organelles as determined by fluorescence microscopy of intact cells using appropriate markers. This resulted in decreased degradation of 125I-labeled LDL in the presence of C6-Cer. These results suggest that endogenous ceramide may modulate endocytosis.
Digital forgery estimation into DCT domain (2009)

One of the key characteristics of digital images with a discrete representation is its pliability to manipulation. Recent trends in the field of unsupervised detection of digital forgery includes several advanced strategies devoted to reveal anomalies just considering several aspects of multimedia content. One of the promising approach, among others, considers the possibility to exploit the statistical distribution of DCT coefficients in order to reveal the irregularities due to the presence of a superimposed signal over the original one (e.g., copy and paste). As recently proved the ratio between the quantization tables used to compress the signal before and after the malicious forgery alter the histograms of the DCT coefficients especially for some basis that are close in terms of frequency content. In this work we analyze in more details the performances of existing approaches evaluating their effectiveness by making use of different input datasets with respect to resolution size, compression ratio and just considering different kind of forgeries (e.g., presence of duplicate regions or images composition). We also present possible post-processing techniques able to manipulate the forged image just to reduce the performance of the current state-of-art solution. Finally we conclude the papers providing future improvements devoted to increase robustness and reliability of forgery detection into DCT domain.