gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Emerging Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Apoptosis in Atherosclerosis and Plaque Stability (2006)

Accelerated atherosclerosis is both a cause and a consequence of chronic renal failure. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are an important component of atherosclerotic plaques, responsible for promoting plaque stability in advanced lesions. In contrast, VSMC apoptosis has been implicated in a number of deleterious consequences of atherosclerosis, including plaque rupture, vessel remodelling, co- agulation, inflammation and calcification. Although VSMC apoptosis occurs in association with these processes, its precise contribution to these diseases is unknown, given that apoptosis frequently accompanies vessel injury or alterations to flow. Using transgenic mice with selective induction of VSMC apoptosis, a recent study has precisely determined the direct consequences of VSMC apoptosis in both normal vessels and atherosclerotic plaques. Surprisingly, normal arteries can withstand huge cell losses with little change in active or passive properties. Normal vessels demonstrate highly efficient clearance of apoptotic bodies, even in the absence of professional phagocytes. In contrast, VSMC apoptosis alone is sufficient to induce multiple features of vulnerability to rupture in plaques. This study identifies VSMC apoptosis as a critical process determining plaque stability and thus the most important consequence of atherosclerosis, plaque rupture.
Thermal Emissivity and Cigarette Coal Temperature During Smolder (2003)

Abstract Coal temperatures affect the burn properties of cigarettes. Thermal imaging was used to determine the average maximum surface coal temperatures during smolder of cigarettes of different tobacco types. The thermal imaging camera was calibrated against a reference blackbody. An emissivity correction was necessary since the set point temperatures of the reference blackbody did not correspond to the measured temperatures of the reference blackbody. A 0.87 camera emissivity was applied to provide accurate coal temperatures at a corrected emissivity of approximately 1. The average maximum surface coal temperatures during smolder of unfiltered single-tobacco-type cigarettes and a commercial blend cigarette were determined (with the camera lens focused parallel to the cigarette), and no discernible differences among them were found. The calculated average maximum surface coal temperature during smolder for all cigarettes was 584 AA± 15 °C. During smolder, thermocouples were used to measure the temperature of the gas phase (along the central axis of coal), and the thermal imaging camera was used to measure the temperature of the solid phase of the coal's surface. Using thermocouples, the peak coal temperatures in the center of the coal during smolder for three filtered single-tobacco-type cigarettes were 736-744 °C. Peak coal temperatures, measured by thermal imaging, on the surface of the coal (with the camera lens focused coaxially with the coal and the ash removed) for the same three single-tobacco-type cigarettes had a range of 721-748 °C. There was good correspondence between the two techniques. These results confirm that during smolder the gas-phase temperature inside the coal (as measured with the thermocouple) and the solid-phase temperatures beneath the ash (as measured with the camera) are in near thermal equilibrium. With proper calibration, a thermal imaging system is a good alternative to thermocouples for measuring cigarette coal temperatures.
Structure Analysis of the National Libraries’ Websites of the World (2017)

The present study examines various features of structure of the national libraries’ websites of the world. National library of a specific subject are exempted from the study. The study evaluates all the national libraries’ website, which are in English or have a comprehensive English version, on the basis of designed checklist. The checklist is drafted on the basis of published literature and guidelines. The author highlighted that most of the selected features were found missing on the sampled websites of national libraries under study. The author also recommends that structure of the website is equally important and access of uploaded information on the website highly depends on the technical structure of the website. Therefore, there is a need to improve the structure of the website on the light of the suggested suggestion under study.
Effect of Endothelin-1 on the Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Cycle (1991)

Rabbit vascular smooth muscle cells were cultured in various concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1) at 37 degrees C for 24 h. The vascular smooth muscle cell cycle distribution was determined by flow cytometry according to DNA content. In the control group, the mitotically active phase (S + G2 + M phase) of vascular smooth muscle cells was 11.94%. In ET-1-cultured smooth muscle cells, the mitotically active phase was 11.69% at a concentration of 1 pM ET-1, whereas the mitotically active phases were 18.98 and 26.91% at concentrations of 0.1 and 10 nM ET-1, respectively. The findings show that ET-1 significantly increased mitotic activity of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells.
A case for a l(IT)eracy approach to writing online educational materials (2005)

The uncertainty of writing educational materials online as multimodal and hypertextual documents presents a challenge to academics whose expertise lies in writing print based distance educational materials, print based academic papers and face-to-face education. In this paper a literacy approach is explored, one that fits into distance education traditions, while simultaneously centring pedagogy and technology within literacy. The concept metaphor l(IT)eracy signifies this approach. Its three dimensions - operational, cultural and critical - will be explored as a viable model of literacy.
Acousto-Optic Devices (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcousto-Optic DevicesChieu D. TranCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 20, 971A–981APublication Date (Print):October 15, 1992Publication History Published online31 May 2012Published inissue 15 October 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00044a722https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00044a722research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views280Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparative study of biological activities of lipoteichoic acid and lipopolysaccharide (1995)

Lipoteichoic acids (LTAs) of Gram-positive bacteria and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) are structurally similar and share several biological activities. In this study, the capacity of LTAs for inducing the cell surface expression of adhesion molecules ICAM-1, VCAM-1, and ELAM-1 by HUVEC were investigated and compared to that of LPS. In the presence of serum, LTA from Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus sanguis, Streptococcus pyogenes and Streptococcus mutans dose-dependently stimulated adhesion molecule expression above control levels although they were 100-1000 times less potent than LPS. LTA from Streptococcus faecalis and Bacillus subtilis had no effects. Similar to LPS, the activity of the LTAs was dose-dependently inhibited by polymyxin B, whereas unlike LPS, LTA activity decreased in the presence of triethylamine. The LTAs also exhibited reactivity in the Limulus amebocyte lysate (LAL) assay correlating with their ability to induce ICAM-1 expression. However, their LAL reactivity was approximately 3-6 orders of magnitude less than that of LPS. Furthermore, LTA-stimulated ICAM-1 expression was serum-dependent and inhibited by anti-CD14 antibody, 63D3. Thus, LTA shares several properties with LPS including inhibition by polymyxin B, reactivity in the LAL assay, and stimulation of endothelial cells via a CD14-dependent mechanism. These results suggests a possible role for LTAs in the inflammatory response due to infections with Gram-positive bacteria.
Glyphosate resistance: state of knowledge (2014)

Studies of mechanisms of resistance to glyphosate have increased current understanding of herbicide resistance mechanisms. Thus far, single-codon non-synonymous mutations of EPSPS (5-enolypyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase) have been rare and, relative to other herbicide mode of action target-site mutations, unconventionally weak in magnitude for resistance to glyphosate. However, it is possible that weeds will emerge with non-synonymous mutations of two codons of EPSPS to produce an enzyme endowing greater resistance to glyphosate. Today, target-gene duplication is a common glyphosate resistance mechanism and could become a fundamental process for developing any resistance trait. Based on competition and substrate selectivity studies in several species, rapid vacuole sequestration of glyphosate occurs via a transporter mechanism. Conversely, as the chloroplast requires transporters for uptake of important metabolites, transporters associated with the two plastid membranes may separately, or together, successfully block glyphosate delivery. A model based on finite glyphosate dose and limiting time required for chloroplast loading sets the stage for understanding how uniquely different mechanisms can contribute to overall glyphosate resistance.
Education and Welfare: Recalibrating the European Debate (2002)

Much of the recent scholarly literature on globalization and social welfare focuses on the threats that are allegedly posed to national social protection systems by footloose capital in search of lowcost labour. However, it is argued here that capital is less concerned about the costs imposed by generous social protection, more by the advantages offered by generous human capital investment. Thus, far from mobile capital driving national policies of social protection by the threat of exit, national policies on human investment may drive capital mobility by inducing entry. The paper investigates alternative national policies of this sort, their institutional preconditions and their implications for the distribution of welfare. It concludes that the current drive for human investment must be placed at the centre of comparative welfare analysis, not least in order to expose the fragility of the assumptions that policy makers are making, in seeing such investment as the road to welfare and opportunity for all.
Targeting Chromatin Regulators Inhibits Leukemogenic Gene Expression in <i>NPM1</i> Mutant Leukemia (2016)

MLL1 and DOT1L are chromatin regulators that control HOX, MEIS1, and FLT3 expression and are therapeutic targets in NPM1<sup>mut</sup> AML. Combinatorial small-molecule inhibition has synergistic on-target activity and constitutes a novel therapeutic concept for this common AML subtype. Cancer Discov; 6(10); 1166-81. ©2016 AACR.See related commentary by Hourigan and Aplan, p. 1087This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 1069.
A monoclonal antibody which recognized the functional site of snake neurotoxins and which neutralizes all short‐chain variants (1986)

We isolated a neurotoxin-specific monoclonal antibody (Mab) which is capable of recognizing and neutralizing all short-chain toxin variants that have been tested, including those with widely divergent sequences. The epitope incorporates the three invariant residues Lys-27, Trp-29 and Lys-47 which form part of the site by which the toxins bind to the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor. To our knowledge, this is the first Mab which possesses the universal capacity of neutralizing all natural variants of a toxic protein.
Plasma Vasopressin and Human Neurophysins in Physiological and Pathological States Associated with Changes in Vasopressin Secretion* (1979)

Using sensitive specific RIAs for vasopressin (AVP) and the two major human neurophysins, the relationship between AVP and the individual human neurophysins was investigated in man by measuring changes in plasma concentrations in physiological and pathological states known to be associated with changes in AVP secretion. Dehydration, water loading, and hemorrhage produced small but significant changes in plasma AVP concentrations without changes in the individual human neurophysins. In response to the stimulus of cigarette smoke inhalation, large parallel changes in plasma AVP and human neurophysin I (HNPI) levels were seen without change in plasma human neurophysin II (HNPII) levels. In the pathological states of diabetes insipidus and the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion,the observations more strongly supported a specific association between AVP and NHPI. In eight patients with central diabetes insipidus, plasma AVP and HNPI levels were low or undetectable, while plasma HNPII levels were normal. There was a clear distinction of both plasma AVP and HNPI levels in patients with central diabetes insipidus and those in patients whti nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. In 14 patients with the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion due to causes other than ectopic AVP production from tumors, plasma AVP and HNPI levels were elevated or normal, while plasma HNPII levels were normal. There was a highly significant positive correlation (r = 0.99) between plasma AVP and HNPI levels in these patients, with a 1:1 molar ratio. These data suggest that the secretion of AVP and HNPI in man are functionally related, while the secretion of HNPII is independent of AVP secretion.
ATM Engages Autodegradation of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligase COP1 After DNA Damage (2006)

The ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) protein kinase is a critical component of a DNA-damage response network configured to maintain genomic integrity. The abundance of an essential downstream effecter of this pathway, the tumor suppressor protein p53, is tightly regulated by controlled degradation through COP1 and other E3 ubiquitin ligases, such as MDM2 and Pirh2; however, the signal transduction pathway that regulates the COP1-p53 axis following DNA damage remains enigmatic. We observed that in response to DNA damage, ATM phosphorylated COP1 on Ser(387) and stimulated a rapid autodegradation mechanism. Ionizing radiation triggered an ATM-dependent movement of COP1 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, and ATM-dependent phosphorylation of COP1 on Ser(387) was both necessary and sufficient to disrupt the COP1-p53 complex and subsequently to abrogate the ubiquitination and degradation of p53. Furthermore, phosphorylation of COP1 on Ser(387) was required to permit p53 to become stabilized and to exert its tumor suppressor properties in response to DNA damage.
A residue-free green synergistic antifungal nanotechnology for pesticide thiram by ZnO nanoparticles (2014)

Here we reported a residue-free green nanotechnology which synergistically enhance the pesticides efficiency and successively eliminate its residue. We built up a composite antifungal system by a simple pre-treating and assembling procedure for investigating synergy. Investigations showed 0.25 g/L ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) with 0.01 g/L thiram could inhibit the fungal growth in a synergistic mode. More importantly, the 0.25 g/L ZnO NPs completely degraded 0.01 g/L thiram under simulated sunlight irradiation within 6 hours. It was demonstrated that the formation of ZnO-thiram antifungal system, electrostatic adsorption of ZnO NPs to fungi cells and the cellular internalization of ZnO-thiram composites played important roles in synergy. Oxidative stress test indicated ZnO-induced oxidative damage was enhanced by thiram that finally result in synergistic antifungal effect. By reducing the pesticides usage, this nanotechnology could control the plant disease economically, more significantly, the following photocatalytic degradation of pesticide greatly benefit the human social by avoiding negative influence of pesticide residue on public health and environment.
Spring-warming transfer processes in the lower antarctic stratosphere (1967)

Earlier evaluations of heat balance requirements in the lower stratosphere from sounding data had resulted in excessive radiational net-cooling rates (budget residuals) during 1958 and 1960 spring warming periods, viz. 4° to 6°C/day. The imbalance arises chiefly from stratospheric subsidence rates calculated with the assumption of vanishing net mass transport across the top of the highest datum layer (75 and 25 mb level respectively). When vertical mass transport is assumed to vanish relative to a minimum temperature surface (stratobase) which descends on to the principal Antarctic tropopause, quasi-Lagrangian radiational cooling rates of 0.5 to 1.5°C/day obtain in 1960 and 1964 stratospheric warming periods.The hypothesis of an impermeable stratobase requires transient ascent at the 25 mb level suggesting a temporarily reversed meridional circulation overlying the direct polar cell. The associated vertical divergence in the lower stratosphere is examined for its effects on ozone changes in this layer and observed changes of total ozone at Halley Bay, Mirny and Dumont d'Urville.
FO-WLP multi-DOF inertial sensor for automotive applications (2018)

Fan-out wafer level packaging (FO-WLP) is the fastest growing packaging technology. Besides providing greater number of IOs than could be obtained by fan-in wafer level packaging (WLP) it also offers interesting opportunities for multi-die packaging with minimum package dimensions. Combined inertial sensor is an established category of automotive sensor components. with of two or more MEMS sensor dies for 36 axis motion measurement and an interface circuit die. It is used for electronic chassis stability control (ESC) and for advanced driver assistant systems (ADAS). Currently the sensor is packaged in various standard or proprietary configurations: ceramic cavity packages, pre-molded plastic cavity packages, over-molded SOIC, PBGA. The demand is towards smaller foot print and smaller height, lower cost and better robustness to vibrations. FO-WLP offers some excellent characteristics like small size, compatible cost, vibration robustness and low stress to sensitive MEMS dies. Present work shows that it will also reach automotive reliability requirements and pass high temperature, thermal cycle and temperature-humidity tests. Three fracture mechanism of the solder ball IOs were identified at 2000 thermal cycles. Solder fatigue was no issue and by design changes two other mechanisms can be corrected. Two-fold redundancy will make an IO failure rate low enough. EMI and internal cross-talk protection was found better than with existing devices. Reversible humidity dependence due to moisture absorption by polyimide film was seen and a lay-out change was implemented to overcome it.
Mixed Accommodations under Rent Control Laws (1948)

Legislators all over the world have been vexed, in drafting rent-control laws, by the problem of "mixed accommodations"--premises used both for business and dwelling use, such as the shop with living quarters behind it, the doctor's apartment-and-consultation-room, the flat where the dressmaker lives and plies her needle.If, as is often the case, dwelling premises are controlled and commercial premises are not, the question is an important one, since its determination means the difference between control and no control; but even if commercial rents are subject to regulation, the problem must be faced if there are differences in the regulations applicable to the two classes of premises.Three approaches have been employed: the premises may be regarded as residential in any case (the English rule); or they may be regarded as not residential, with whatever consequences that entails (the minority rule); or some kind of a test of "predominant use" may be applied. THE ENGLISH RULEThe first alternative was adopted in England at an early date.In the leading case of Epsom Grand Stand Association v. Clarke, decided in 1919, the Court of Appeals held that a public house was covered by the 1915-1919 Acts if the tenant in fact lived on the premises, and the terms of the rental agreement did not forbid it.Bankes, L. J., said that "'The object of the legislature was to include all houses which are occupied as dwelling-houses, provided they are of the class ascertained by their value as prescribed by the Act, notwithstanding that they are also used by the tenant for other purposes as well as those of a dwelling-house."The rule of this case was written into the 1920 Act, which provides that "the application of this Act to any house or part of a house shall not be excluded by reason only that part of the premises is used as a shop or office or for business, trade or professional purposes.' "2 At the time the 1920 Act was passed, business premises were also regulated, but the provision just quoted has been retained in effect although control of business premises lapsed in 1921.The Inter-
Beamforming in Chunk-Based OFDM Systems (2007)

In this paper we first introduce a fixed beamfroming (BF) technique for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The basic idea of beamforming is that the phase of the transmitted signal is shifted according to the user direction, while at the receiver side, the phase shifting performs again to maximize the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We also propose a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based estimation algorithm which can estimate the beam domain channel. To reduce the computational complexities and feedback signaling, we do beamforming and channel estimation based on the chunk, which is a unit that occupies several symbol time intervals and subcarriers. The simulation results show the performance of the proposed beamforming technique associated with channel estimation algorithm. We also compare the beamforming technique we proposed with Alamouti space-time block coding (STBC).
Ocular Herpes Simplex Virus: How are Latency, Reactivation, Recurrent Disease and Therapy Interrelated? (2011)

Most humans are infected with herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 in early childhood and remain latently infected throughout life. While most individuals have mild or no symptoms, some will develop destructive HSV keratitis. Ocular infection with HSV-1 and its associated sequelae account for the majority of corneal blindness in industrialized nations. Neuronal latency in the peripheral ganglia is established when transcription of the viral genome is repressed (silenced) except for the latency-associated transcripts and microRNAs. The functions of latency-associated transcripts have been investigated since 1987. Roles have been suggested relating to reactivation, establishment of latency, neuronal protection, antiapoptosis, apoptosis, virulence and asymptomatic shedding. Here, we review HSV-1 latent infections, reactivation, recurrent disease and antiviral therapies for the ocular HSV diseases.