gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polypeptide Hormone Interaction (1972)

Abstract The binding of glucagon to lysolecithin has been evaluated by fluorescence techniques. Fluorescence spectra and polarization measurements indicate that the hormone is bound to lysolecithin micelles. Since the rate of micelle dissociation below its critical micelle concentration is rather slow, binding is observed at all concentrations of lysolecithin. By similar criteria, the polypeptide hormone calcitonin, but not adrenocorticotropic hormone, was bound to lysolecithin micelles. Phosphatidyl serine showed very weak binding and lecithin no binding of glucagon. The colloidal properties of lysolecithin were evaluated from its interactions with two fluorescent dyes, i.e. eosin and 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate.
Self-cleaning efficiency of titanium dioxide surface under simultaneous UV irradiation of various intensities and water flow (2014)

We investigated the self-cleaning efficiencies of titanium dioxide (TiO2) surface under ultraviolet (UV) irradiation in combination with a water flow (UV/water) condition using oleic acid as the model surface contaminant. UV light intensities were varied from a typical indoor intensity level to a representative outdoor intensity level in Japan. The combined UV/water treatment exhibited a much higher self-cleaning efficiency than either condition alone. This suggests that the self-cleaning effect occurred at nanometer-sized photo-induced superhydrophilic domains of the TiO2 film surface located at the interface of the TiO2 surface, oleic acid, and air.
Two-dimensional single grating phase contrast system (2018)

Phase contrast X-ray not only provides attenuation of tissue, but two other modalities (phase and scatter) in same scan. Scatter (dark-field) images provided by the technology are far more sensitive to structural and density changes of tissue such as lungs and can identify lung disease where conventional X-ray fails. Other areas poised to benefit greatly are mammography and bone joint imaging (eg. imaging arthritis). Of the various interferometer techniques, the two at the forefront are: Far-field Interferometry (FFI) (Miao et al, <i>Nat. Phy</i>. 2015) and Talbot-Lau interferometry (TLI) (Momose<i> JJAP 2005</i>, Pfeiffer <i>Nature 2006</i>). While the TLI has already made clinical strides, the newer FFI has advantage of not requiring an absorption grating (“analyzer”) and provides few-fold higher scatter sensitivity. In this work, a novel 2D single phase-grating (not requiring the analyzer), <i>near-field </i>phase contrast system was simulated using Sommerfeld- Rayleigh diffraction integrals. We observed 2D fringe patterns (pitch 800nm) at 50mm distance from the grating. Such a pattern period of 0.05mm, can be imaged by the LSU-interferometers with CT detector resolution (0.015mm) or Philips mammography detector resolution (0.05mm) making this practical system. Our design has a few advantages over Miao et al FFI system. We accomplish in one X-ray grating the functionality that requires 2-3 phase-grating in their design. And our design can also provide a compact system (source to detector distance < 1m) with control over the fringe pattern by fine tuning grating structure. We retain all the benefits of far-field systems -- of not requiring analyzer and high scatter sensitivity over Talbot-Lau interferometers.
DNA topoisomerases in cancer therapy. (1987)

DNA topoisomerases I and II are nuclear enzymes which modify DNA topology by their ability to break and reseal one or both strands in concert. Each of these enzymes has important functions in DNA replication, and very likely in other genetic processes as well. In addition, each can serve as a cancer chemotherapy target. The plant alkaloid camptothecin traps DNA topoisomerase I in a form which is covalently linked to DNA. Presumably this action is the basis for its anti-tumor effect, although this has not been conclusively demonstrated. The evidence for DNA topoisomerase II as a target for intercalating agents and epipodophyllotoxins is more formidable. Each of these classes of agents traps the enzyme on DNA in a structure referred to as a 'cleavable complex'. Illicit recombination events, as well as induction of an 'SOS-like' response analogous to that found in bacteria, have been suggested as possible mechanisms for cell death following cleavable complex formation. Development of new agents directed at topoisomerase II will depend heavily on understanding the nature of the interaction between the drug, enzyme and DNA. Hypotheses are presented in this paper on this interaction. Intracellular content of topoisomerase II is linked to the ability of the cell to enter a G0-like state, and the inability of malignant cells to undergo such a change may provide part of the basis for therapeutic selectivity. The ability to modulate topoisomerase II levels may provide an opportunity for therapeutic intervention.
Overlapping Roles of CXCL13, Interleukin 7 Receptor α, and CCR7 Ligands in Lymph Node Development (2003)

Lymphoid tissue development is associated with local accumulation of CD4+ CD3- IL-7R alpha hi hematopoietic cells that deliver lymphotoxin (LT)alpha 1 beta 2 signals to resident stromal cells. Previous studies have established an important role for CXCL13 (BLC) in the development of Peyer's patches (PP) and some peripheral lymph nodes (LNs), but the chemokine requirements for several LN types, including mesenteric LNs, remain undefined. Using CXCL13-/- mice that additionally carry the paucity of LN T cell mutation (plt/plt), we discovered that CCR7 ligands function in peripheral LN development. We also tested for a genetic interaction during LN development between CXCL13 and a cytokine receptor required in PP development, IL-7R alpha. Mice deficient for both CXCL13 and IL-7R alpha displayed a striking absence of LNs, including mesenteric LNs. These data extend the role of CXCL13 to the development of all LNs and establish a previously unappreciated role for IL-7R alpha in this process. Both circulating and LN CD4+ CD3- IL-7R alpha hi cells are shown to express LT alpha 1 beta 2 in an IL-7R alpha-dependent manner. Furthermore, CXCL13 was found to be sufficient to mediate CD4+ CD3- IL-7R alpha hi cell recruitment in vivo to an ectopic site. These findings indicate that CXCL13 and CCR7 ligands promote accumulation of CD4+ CD3- IL-7R alpha hi cells, delivering IL-7R alpha-dependent LT alpha 1 beta 2 signals critical for LN development.
Water acoustic microscopy at suboptical wavelengths (1983)

An acoustic microscope using water as the coupling medium has been operated at frequencies up to 4.4 GHz. The signal-to-noise ratio is sufficient for imaging and the acoustic images demonstrate that the resolution is better than 2000 Å when the instrument is operated in the nonlinear regime.
Big Data Analytics for User-Activity Analysis and User-Anomaly Detection in Mobile Wireless Network (2017)

The next generation wireless networks are expected to operate in fully automated fashion to meet the burgeoning capacity demand and to serve users with superior quality of experience. Mobile wireless networks can leverage spatio-temporal information about user and network condition to embed the system with end-to-end visibility and intelligence. Big data analytics has emerged as a promising approach to unearth meaningful insights and to build artificially intelligent models with assistance of machine learning tools. Utilizing aforementioned tools and techniques, this paper contributes in two ways. First, we utilize mobile network data (Big Data)-call detail record-to analyze anomalous behavior of mobile wireless network. For anomaly detection purposes, we use unsupervised clustering techniques namely k-means clustering and hierarchical clustering. We compare the detected anomalies with ground truth information to verify their correctness. From the comparative analysis, we observe that when the network experiences abruptly high (unusual) traffic demand at any location and time, it identifies that as anomaly. This helps in identifying regions of interest in the network for special action such as resource allocation, fault avoidance solution, etc. Second, we train a neural-network-based prediction model with anomalous and anomaly-free data to highlight the effect of anomalies in data while training/building intelligent models. In this phase, we transform our anomalous data to anomaly-free and we observe that the error in prediction, while training the model with anomaly-free data has largely decreased as compared to the case when the model was trained with anomalous data.
Production of polysaccharide with <i>Xanthomonas campestris</i> (1961)

Abstract Industrially important polysaccharides are now primarily obtained from plant sources. One exception is the exocellular bacterial polysaccharide, dextran. A survey at the Northern Laboratory revealed that many other microbial polysaccharides could be synthesized by the action of micro‐organisms on starch‐derived saccharides. Previous publications from this laboratory describe the production of the microbial polymer, phosphomannan, synthesized by the yeast Hansenula holstii . This paper describes the production of another polysaccharide, synthesized by the bacterium Xanthomonas campestris NRRL B‐1459. Fermentation of media containing 3 per cent dextrose, seeded with 5 per cent inoculum of X. campestris NRRL B‐1459 and cultured aerobically at 28°C, is complete in 96 h. A light tan polymer is recovered in yields of 50 per cent, based on commercial dextrose, from the viscous fermentation broth by precipitation with methanol in the presence of an electrolyte. The viscosities of aqueous re‐solutions containing 1 and 2 per cent of the polymer were 3,000 cP and 11,000 cP respectively.
LCD masks for spatial augmented reality (2014)

One aim of Spatial Augmented Reality is to visually integrate synthetic objects into real-world spaces amongst physical
objects, viewable by many observers without 3D glasses, head-mounted displays or mobile screens. In common
implementations, using beam-combiners, scrim projection, or transparent self-emissive displays, the synthetic object’s
and real-world scene’s light combine additively. As a result, synthetic objects appear low-contrast and semitransparent
against well-lit backgrounds, and do not cast shadows. These limitations prevent synthetic objects from appearing solid
and visually integrated into the real-world space. We use a transparent LCD panel as a programmable dynamic
mask. The LCD panel displaying the synthetic object’s silhouette mask is colocated with the object’s color image, both
staying aligned for all points-of-view. The mask blocks the background providing occlusion, presents a black level for
high-contrast images, blocks scene illumination thus casting true shadows, and prevents blow-by in projection scrim
arrangements. We have several implementations of SAR with LCD masks: 1) beam-combiner with an LCD mask, 2)
scrim projection with an LCD mask, and 3) transparent OLED display with an LCD mask. Large format (80” diagonal)
and dual layer volumetric variations are also implemented.
Glycine transport inhibitors for the treatment of schizophrenia: symptom and disease modification. (2009)

Schizophrenia is a severe neuropsychiatric disorder for which there is no adequate current treatment. Recent theories about the molecular basis of schizophrenia focus on disturbances of glutamatergic neurotransmission, particularly at NMDA-type glutamate receptors (NMDARs). NMDARs are regulated in vivo by the amino acids glycine and D-serine. Glycine levels, in turn, are regulated by glycine transporter type 1 (GlyT1), which serves to maintain low subsaturating glycine levels in the vicinity of the NMDAR. Therefore, one proposed approach to the treatment of schizophrenia is via the inhibition of GlyT1-mediated transport. During the past decade, several well-tolerated, high-affinity glycine transport inhibitors (GTIs) have been developed that demonstrate the ability to potentiate NMDAR-mediated neurotransmission in animal models relevant to schizophrenia. In addition, clinical trials have been conducted with sarcosine (N-methylglycine), a naturally occurring GTI. Issues related to clinical proof-of-concept studies with high-affinity GTIs in schizophrenia are discussed in this review.
Protective Effect of CRHR1 Gene Variants on the Development of Adult Depression Following Childhood Maltreatment (2009)

A haplotype in CRHR1 has been suggested to exert a protective effect against adult depression among research participants who reported maltreatment on the CTQ, a measure that elicits emotional memories. This suggests the hypothesis that CRHR1's protective effect may relate to its function in the consolidation of memories of emotionally arousing experiences.
Biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane by Rhodanobacter AYS5 and the role of additional substrates (2015)

The present study details about the biodegradation of 1,4-dioxane by Rhodanobacter AYS5 isolated from bacterial consortia enriched from industrial sludge. Rhodanobacter AYS5 potently degraded 95 % of 1,4-dioxane (1000 ppm) in 10 days as sole carbon source. To accelerate the growth of Rhodanobacter AYS5 and to reduce the time taken for degradation, additional carbon source (glucose, yeast extract and tetrahydrofuran) were added and analysed. The study revealed that, yeast extract and tetrahydrofuran (THF) accelerated the degradation of 1,4-dioxane by reducing the time taken for degradation. Growth on glucose reduced the degradation potential of the bacterial strain. Study on carbondioxide evolution and metabolites formation confirmed complete mineralisation of 1,4-dioxane by Rhodanobacter AYS5. Further study on different concentration of 1,4-dioxane with and without additional substrate (THF and yeast extract) revealed that, Rhodanobacter AYS5 is a promising bacterial strain for 1,4-dioxane degradation. In lab scale reactor study with industrial wastewater, Rhodanobacter AYS5 showed 91 % chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal, and complete degradation of 1,4-dioxane and THF in 5 days. The 1,4-dioxane degrading bacterial strain was identified as Rhodanobacter AYS5 (JQ419753) using molecular and biochemical techniques.
ChemInform Abstract: ALKYL 4‐PYRIDYLMETHYL KETONES AND DERIVATIVES (1973)

Abstract Die Ketone (I) werden nach bekannter Methode aus γ‐Picolylnatrium mit den entsprechenden Methylestern erhalten.
An energy-efficient self-charged crystal oscillator with a quadrature-phase shifter technique (2017)

An energy-efficient self-charged crystal oscillator (SCXO) employing a quadrature-phase shifter is proposed to provide wide-range pulse injection timing for power consumption reduction. The passive resistors of quadrature-phase shifter can be shared by the startup circuit to save area consumption. The double-edge extractor and the low-power comparator are added to reduce the power consumption. The proposed 32.768-kHz energy-efficient SCXO, fabricated in a 40-nm CMOS technology, consumes 34.3 nW under a 1 V supply.
A decade of modeling financial vehicles (2000)

While building nine object-oriented financial systems since 1989, we evolved techniques for modeling “financial vehicles” (bonds, contracts, real estate, racehorses). We specify each particular financial vehicle and vehicle type by combining objects that model the fundamental ideas behind financial vehicles. These techniques enable installed systems to accommodate new kinds of financial vehicles. Many normal software design techniques proved ineffective.
Effect of Anti-cerebral Ischemia of Gross Saponin of Chicory (2005)

Objective: To study the effect of anti-cerebral ischemia of GSC. Methods: A focal cerebral ischemia model was set up through blocking one-side medium cerebral artery, the effects on infarction area and behavior scoring(neuological deficits) of GSC were observed; blood stasis model was built in rats , the effects on platelet aggregation rate and clotting time of GSC were observed. Results: GSC with dose of 10.4, 20.8 and 31.2mg/kg could significantly decrase the infarction area and improve behavior score(p0.05, p0.01); GSC with dose of 10.4, 20.8 and 31.2mg/kg could remarkably decrase the platelets aggregation rate(p0.05) , and markedly prolong the clotting time in blood stasis rats. Conclusion: GSC have the effect of anti- cerebral ischemia and its mechanism may be related to lowering platelets aggregation rate and prolonging clotting time.
Dynamic poroelasticity; a unified model with the squirt and the Biot mechanisms (1993)

Abstract The velocities and attenuation of seismic and acoustic waves in rocks with fluids are affected by the two most important modes of fluid/solid interaction: (1) the Biot mechanism where the fluid is forced to participate in the solid's motion by viscous friction and inertial coupling, and (2) the squirt-flow mechanism where the fluid is squeezed out of thin pores deformed by a passing wave. Traditionally, both modes have been modeled separately, with the Biot mechanism treated in a macroscopic framework, and the squirt flow examined at the individual pore level. We offer a model which treats both mechanisms as coupled processes and relates P-velocity and attenuation to macroscopic parameters: the Biot poroelastic constants, porosity, permeability, fluid com-pressibility and viscosity, and a newly introduced microscale parameter--a characteristic squirt-flow length. The latter is referred to as a fundamental rock property that can be determined experimentally. We show that the squirt-flow mechanism dominates the Biot mechanism and is responsible for measured large velocity dispersion and attenuation values. The model directly relates P-velocity and attenuation to measurable rock and fluid properties. Therefore, it allows one to realistically interpret velocity dispersion and/or attenuation in terms of fluid properties changes [e.g., viscosity during thermal enhanced oil recovery (EOR)], or to link seismic measurements to reservoir properties. As an example of the latter transformation, we relate permeability to attenuation and achieve good qualitative correlation with experimental data.
Mining idioms from source code (2014)

We present the first method for automatically mining code idioms from a corpus of previously written, idiomatic software projects. We take the view that a code idiom is a syntactic fragment that recurs across projects and has a single semantic purpose. Idioms may have metavariables, such as the body of a for loop. Modern IDEs commonly provide facilities for manually defining idioms and inserting them on demand, but this does not help programmers to write idiomatic code in languages or using libraries with which they are unfamiliar. We present Haggis, a system for mining code idioms that builds on recent advanced techniques from statistical natural language processing, namely, nonparametric Bayesian probabilistic tree substitution grammars. We apply Haggis to several of the most popular open source projects from GitHub. We present a wide range of evidence that the resulting idioms are semantically meaningful, demonstrating that they do indeed recur across software projects and that they occur more frequently in illustrative code examples collected from a Q&A site. Manual examination of the most common idioms indicate that they describe important program concepts, including object creation, exception handling, and resource management.
Zement und Kalk (2000)

Jedermann weiß, was Zement ist, aber selbst in Kreisen, die täglich mit ihm zu tun haben, hat man oft keine Vorstellung davon, wie dieses merkwürdige graue Pulver entsteht, das mit Wasser angemacht, s
Convenient Regioselective mono-2-<i>O</i>-Sulfonation of Cyclomaltooctaose (1998)

Regioselective mono-2-O-sulfonation of cyclomaltooctaose was conveniently achieved by using the combination of sulfonyl imidazole and molecular sieves in DMF. In this reaction, no 3-O- or 6-O-sulfonation products were produced. The reactions do not require strict anhydrous or basic conditions, or specific sulfonyl groups.
Position-Sensitive Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Dye Laser Covering a Full Visible Range (2007)

We fabricated a cholesteric-liquid-crystal distributed-feedback laser cell with spatial gradient structures not only of the helical pitch but also of the concentrations of two dyes. By utilizing the energy transfer between two dyes, lasing was achieved covering a full visible range from 470 to 670 nm continuously by translating the cell with respect to a pumping beam without changing the excitation wavelength.
Konzeptioneller Rahmen (2010)

Der Begriff "Governance" ist in den sozialwissenschaftlichen Diskursen der letzten Jahre sehr prominent und wird von Vertretern unterschiedlicher Disziplinen und mit Bezug auf verschiedene Gegenstandsbereiche verwendet (vgl. Benz u. a. 2007). Um so wichtiger ist es, zunächst die Verwendung des Begriffes zu klären und den damit verbundenen Ansatz kurz einzuordnen.
Application of bifurcation control to practical circuit design (2005)

Bifurcations delimit the operation bands of many nonlinear circuits. Thus, the capability to preset these bifurcations at the desired parameter values will be of invaluable interest for practical design. In this paper, simple conditions for bifurcation control are presented. They are based on the use of auxiliary generators and can be implemented in both in-house and commercial harmonic-balance simulators. The control is performed through the introduction into the circuit of feedback networks, whose values are calculated in order to fulfill the desired bifurcation conditions. Through the control techniques, it is possible to preset the operation bands of complex circuits, such as synchronized and voltage-controlled oscillators and frequency dividers. They also enable the elimination of hysteresis phenomena. They have been tested by means of their application to practical microwave circuits, with very good results in comparison with measurements.
Optical Properties of Spherical and Oblate Spheroidal Gold Shell Colloids (2008)

The surface plasmon modes of spherical and oblate spheroidal core−shell colloids composed of a 312 nm diameter silica core and a 20 nm thick Au shell are investigated. Large arrays of uniaxially aligned core−shell colloids with size aspect ratios ranging from 1.0 to 1.7 are fabricated using a novel ion irradiation technique. Angle- and polarization-resolved extinction spectroscopy is performed on the arrays. Extinction spectra on spherical particles reveal dipole, quadrupole, and octupole resonances in good agreement with calculations using Mie theory. Optical extinction measurements on oblate spheroidal core−shell show strong red- and blue-shifts for polarizations along major and minor axes, respectively, that increase with size anisotropy. The measured spectral shifts of the dipole, quadrupole, and octupole resonant modes with angle and anisotropy are in good agreement with T-matrix calculations. The data provide insight into the tunable resonant behavior of surface plasmons in oblate spheroidal core−shell particles.
A study of some factors affecting the fiber–matrix bond in steel fiber reinforced concrete (1990)

With the objective of understanding the reinforcing mechanisms of fibers in steel fiber reinforced concrete, the bond between the fibers and the surrounding matrix is studied by conducting single fiber pull-out tests on fibers bonded in cementitious matrices. Various matrix compositions and fiber geometries have been investigated and the effects of various other factors on the pull-out behavior of the fibers have been quantified through pull-out load–extension plots. Finally, the various modes of fiber–matrix load transfer have been discussed and the favorable and unfavorable conditions for such a transfer have been recognized. Key words: steel fiber reinforced concrete, toughness, fiber–matrix bond, deformed fiber, pull-out tests, load–extension plots.