gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Formulation of Binucleate <i>Rhizoctonia</i> spp. and Biocontrol of <i>Rhizoctonia solani</i> on Impatiens (2001)

Isolates BNR621 and P9023 of binucleate Rhizoctonia spp. (BNR) in Pesta and rice flour formulations were evaluated for control of preemergence damping-off of impatiens caused by R. solani. Amendment of a soilless potting mix with the formulations at 0.47% (vol:vol) 3 days prior to seeding and infesting did not improve control compared to amendment 1 day prior to seeding and infesting regardless of whether the moistened amended potting mix was stored in closed plastic bags or in plug trays under a mist system. BNR fungi were no more effective in biocontrol of R. solani in formulations amended at 0.9%. Control of damping-off was comparable but not consistent between formulations of BNR fungi and the fungicide thiophanatemethyl. Damping-off was controlled better with formulations of BNR fungi than with SoilGard based on Trichoderma virens. Shelf life of Pesta and rice flour formulations at 4°C was determined by assessing viability of BNR isolates over time. Viability of the BNR isolates, measured as CFU/g of formulation, declined to approximately 68 to 79% of the original propagule concentration after 6 months in Pesta and rice flour formulations, with the greatest decline in the first 2 months. Shelf life of BNR isolates in formulation significantly affected control of preemergence damping-off but was isolate dependent. Preemergence damping-off was only 5 to 7% with fresh formulations but increased to 30 to 50% with 4-month-old formulations. Controlled atmospheres, maintained with saturated salt solutions, were established to measure the effect of water activity on shelf life of formulations. Water activities (a<sub>w</sub>) of 0.12 and 0.33 a<sub>w</sub> enhanced BNR survival in formulations by approximately 2 to 3 months compared with a<sub>w</sub> of 0.53 and 0.75 a<sub>w</sub>. Storage of Pesta and rice flour formulations at 4°C significantly improved BNR survival by 4 to 5 months compared with storage at 25°C. These results suggest that improved shelf life of BNR isolates is needed before formulated products can be developed for biocontrol of preemergence damping-off.
A weighting detector for the effect of interference on digital radiocommunication services (2003)

Weighting of interference for its effect on modern digital radiocommunication systems is vital for the future definition of emission limits. The effect on radiocommunication services depends on the type of interference (e.g. broadband or narrowband, pulse rate etc.). Starting with the classical concept of pulse weighting to analog radio systems defined in CISPR standards, the paper gives a concept for the definition of weighting of interference to digital radiocommunication systems and experimental results of weighting curves. The results are analysed with respect to their common response and shape. Finally, a detector is proposed for universal application
Synergistic Function of DNA Methyltransferases Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b in the Methylation of <i>Oct4</i> and <i>Nanog</i> (2007)

DNA methylation plays an important role in gene silencing in mammals. Two de novo methyltransferases, Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b, are required for the establishment of genomic methylation patterns in development. However, little is known about their coordinate function in the silencing of genes critical for embryonic development and how their activity is regulated. Here we show that Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b are the major components of a native complex purified from embryonic stem cells. The two enzymes directly interact and mutually stimulate each other both in vitro and in vivo. The stimulatory effect is independent of the catalytic activity of the enzyme. In differentiating embryonic carcinoma or embryonic stem cells and mouse postimplantation embryos, they function synergistically to methylate the promoters of the Oct4 and Nanog genes. Inadequate methylation caused by ablating Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b is associated with dysregulated expression of Oct4 and Nanog during the differentiation of pluripotent cells and mouse embryonic development. These results suggest that Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b form a complex through direct contact in living cells and cooperate in the methylation of the promoters of Oct4 and Nanog during cell differentiation. The physical and functional interaction between Dnmt3a and Dnmt3b represents a novel regulatory mechanism to ensure the proper establishment of genomic methylation patterns for gene silencing in development.
Repair of Global Regulators in<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>8325 and Comparative Analysis with Other Clinical Isolates (2010)

The pathogenicity of Staphylococcus aureus strains varies tremendously (as seen with animals). It is largely dependent on global regulators, which control the production of toxins, virulence, and fitness factors. Despite the vast knowledge of staphylococcal molecular genetics, there is still widespread dispute over what factors must come together to make a strain highly virulent. S. aureus NCTC8325 (RN1 and derivatives) is a widely used model strain for which an incomparable wealth of knowledge has accumulated in the almost 50 years since its isolation. Although RN1 has functional agr, sarA, and sae global regulators, it is defective in two regulatory genes, rsbU (a positive activator of SigB) and tcaR (an activator of protein A transcription), and is therefore considered by many to be a poor model for studies of regulation and virulence. Here, we repaired these genes and compared the resulting RN1 derivatives with other widely used strains, Newman, USA300, UAMS-1, and COL, plus the parental RN1, with respect to growth, extracellular protein pattern, hemolytic activity, protein A production, pigmentation, biofilm formation, and mouse lethality. The tcaR-repaired strain, showed little alteration in these properties. However, the rsbU-repaired strain was profoundly altered. Hemolytic activity was largely decreased, the exoprotein pattern became much more similar to that of typical wild-type (wt) S. aureus, and there was a surprising increase in mouse lethality. We note that each of the strains tested has a mutational alteration in one or more other regulatory functions, and we conclude that the repaired RN1 is a good model strain for studies of staphylococcal regulation and pathobiology; although strain Newman has been used extensively for such studies in recent years, it has a missense mutation in saeS, the histidine kinase component of the sae signaling module, which profoundly alters its regulatory phenotype. If this mutation were repaired, Newman would be considerably improved as a model strain.
Teleimmersion and Visualization with the OptIPuter (2002)

The OptIPuter is a radical distributed visualization, teleimmersion, data mining and computing architecture. Observing that the exponential growth rates in bandwidth and storage are now much higher than Moore's Law, this major new project of several US universities in Southern California and Illinois goes to the end of the rainbow to exploit a new world in which the central architectural element is optical networking, not computers. This transition is caused by the use of parallelism, as in supercomputing a decade ago. However, this time the parallelism is in multiple wavelengths of light, or lambdas, on single optical fibers, creating supernetworks. The OptIPuter project aims to re- optimize the entire Grid stack of software abstractions, to learn how, as George Gilder suggests, to waste bandwidth and storage in order to conserve increasingly scarce high-end computing and people time in this new world of inverted values.
Reaction of the myocardium to cryosurgery: electrophysiology and arrhythmogenic potential. (1979)

The acute and chronic electrophysiological effects of a cryolesion produced in the left ventricle were studied in six dogs. All dogs had frequent ventricular premature beats (VPB) and five of six dogs had ventricular tachycardia during the first 4 days after the cryolesion; only one of the six dogs continued to have VPBs after 1 week, and this dog had identical VPBs before the creation of the cryolesion. Neither control dog had VPBs. Two additional dogs underwent epicardial and transmural mapping studies immediately after production of a cryolesion. VPBs in these animals were shown to originate at the border of the cryolesion. Epicardial activation sequence during normal sinus rhythm was not altered by the chronic cryolesion. The border zone of the chronic cryolesion was sharply demarcated with normal potentials recorded outside of the lesion and "extrinsic" potentials recorded within.
Functional Interaction between DP-1 and p53 (1996)

The cellular transcription factor DRTF1/E2F and the tumor suppressor protein p53 play important roles in controlling early cell cycle events. DRTF1/E2F is believed to coordinate and integrate the transcription of cell cycle-regulating genes, for example, those involved in DNA synthesis, with the activity of regulatory proteins, such as the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor gene product (pRb), which modulate its transcriptional activity. In contrast, p53 is thought to monitor the integrity of chromosomal DNA and when appropriate interfere with cell cycle progression, for example, in response to DNA damage. Generic DRTF1/E2F DNA binding activity and transcriptional activation arise when members of two distinct families of proteins, such as DP-1 and E2F-1, interact as DP/E2F heterodimers. In many cell types, DP-1 is a widespread component of DRTF1/E2F DNA binding activity which when expressed at high levels oncogenically transforms embryonic fibroblasts. Here, we document an association between DP-1 and p53 and demonstrate its presence in mammalian cell extracts. In vitro p53 interacts with an immunochemically distinct form of DP-1 and in vivo can regulate transcription driven by the DP-1/E2F-1 heterodimer. At the biochemical level, p53 competes with E2F-1 for DP-1, with a consequent reduction in DNA binding activity. Mutational analysis defines within DP-1 a C-terminal region required for the interaction with p53 and within p53 an N-terminal region distinct from that required to bind to MDM2. Our results establish DRTF1/E2F as a common cellular target in growth control mediated through the activities of pRb and p53 and suggest an alternative mechanism through which p53 may regulate cellular proliferation.
Scaffolding proteins in G-protein signaling (2007)

Heterotrimeric G proteins are ubiquitous signaling partners of seven transmembrane-domain G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest (and most important pharmacologically) receptor family in mammals. A number of scaffolding proteins have been identified that regulate various facets of GPCR signaling. In this review, we summarize current knowledge concerning those scaffolding proteins that are known to directly bind heterotrimeric G proteins, and discuss the composition of the protein complexes they assemble and their effects on signal transduction. Emerging evidence about possible ways of regulation of activity of these scaffolding proteins is also discussed.
Correlation of early dynamic CT perfusion imaging with whole-brain MR diffusion and perfusion imaging in acute hemispheric stroke. (2003)

Good correlation was seen between CT and MR for CBF and MTT abnormalities. It remains uncertain whether CT perfusion CBV abnormalities correspond well to whole-brain abnormalities.
Mechanical properties of iron-cobalt alloys for power applications (2002)

The United States Air Force is in the process of developing magnetic bearings as well as an aircraft integrated power unit and an internal starter/generator for main propulsion engines. These developments are the driving force for the new emphasis on high temperature, high strength magnetic materials for power applications. Analytical work, utilizing elasticity theory, in conjunction with design requirements, indicates a need for magnetic materials to have strengths in excess of 80 ksi up to about 1000/spl deg/F. Two specific iron-cobalt alloys have been tested as part of a magnetic materials characterization program at Wright Laboratory. The first material is Hiperco(R) Alloy 50HS from Carpenter Technology Corporation and the second is HS50 from Telcon Limited. The effect of composition and heat treatment of these two soft magnetic materials on mechanical behavior and the impact on potential aircraft power applications is discussed.
The RNA<sub>2</sub>–PNA<sub>2</sub>hybrid i-motif—a novel RNA-based building block (2007)

We report the formation of a hybrid RNA2-PNA2 i-motif comprised of two RNA and two PNA strands based on the sequence specific self assembly of RNA, with potential as a building block for structural RNA nanotechnology.
Plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene. I. Inductive radio frequency discharge (1979)

The plasma polymerization of tetrafluoroethylene in an inductively coupled radio frequency glow discharge, using a flow system, was studied. A simple long tube reactor, with the coupling coil placed at the middle of the tube and gas entrance and exit at the respective ends, was used. Deposition rates and the chemical nature of the polymer (as revealed by ESCA spectra and surface energy studies) are obtained as a function of location in the reactor tube with respect to the coupling coil and of applied energy per unit mass of tetrafluoroethylene (W/FM). It was found that a fluorinepoor polymer, containing considerable carbon–oxygen bonds (after contact with air), is obtained at all locations at high W/FM. When a low W/FM is utilized, such a fluorine-poor polymer is also obtained at locations downstream from the coupling coil (the location of the highest energy density) in the reactor. In the latter case a fluorine-rich polymer containing very little oxygen is formed upstream from the coil. The polymer deposition rate distribution is also considerably broader in a high W/FM plasma than when low W/FM is used. These results are in agreement with earlier studies indicating that fluorine abstraction and decomposition due to fluorine etching occur when the energy density, as expressed by W/FM, is high.
High-transconductance beta -SiC buried-gate JFETs (1989)

An improved performance buried-gate SiC junction field-effect transistor (JFET) has been fabricated and evaluated. This structure uses an n-type beta -SiC film epitaxially grown by chemical vapor deposition on the Si(0001) face of a p-type 6H alpha -SiC single crystal. The current in the n-type channel was modulated using the p-type alpha -SiC layer as a gate. Electron-beam-evaporated Ti/Au was utilized as an ohmic contact to the n-type beta -SiC layer, and thermally evaporated Al was used to contact the p-type gate. A maximum DC transconductance of 20 mS/mm was obtained, which is the highest reported for a beta -SiC FET structure. The experimental data are analyzed using a charge-control model. Calculated drain current versus drain voltage characteristics for a buried-gate JFET are in good agreement with experimental data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immune cell subsets and their gene expression profiles from human PBMC isolated by Vacutainer Cell Preparation Tube (CPT™) and standard density gradient (2015)

Our findings demonstrate that the CPT and Ficoll PBMC isolation protocols do not differ in their ability to purify high quality immune cell subpopulations. Since there was no difference in the gene expression profiles between immune cells obtained by these two methods, the Ficoll isolation can be substituted by the CPT protocol without conceding phenotypic changes of immune cells and compromising the gene expression studies. Given that the CPT protocol is less elaborate, minimizes cells' handling and processing time, this method offers a significant operating advantage, especially in large-scale clinical studies aiming at dissecting gene expression in PBMC and PBMC-derived immune cell subpopulations.
Effect of Sewage Irrigation on Nitrate Accumulation and Nitrate Reductase Activity in Leafy Vegetables (2011)

The effect of sewage water irrigation along with the N-fertilizers on NO3 accumulation and on the in vivo NR assay in three leafy vegetable crops were studied. It was found that the NO3 content in the leaves from the experimental sites were around two fold than the control and the NR enzyme activity was comparatively more in the control samples. The in vivo NRA with NaCl treatment increased at low level of NaCl where as with high level of NaCl, the enzyme activity decreased considerably. This is suggestive of the fact that NO3 accumulation may be due to antagonistic effect of chloride ions.
Evidence for Simultaneous Growth and Saturation Mechanisms in Phononic Frequency Combs (2019)

Phononic frequency combs refer to mechanical vibrations which are evidenced by a series of equidistant spectral lines. Such combs contain signals oscillating at drive frequency and resonant frequency, among other equidistant spectral lines. This paper shows that there exist specific growth and saturation mechanisms for each comb line and the nature of such mechanisms can be different for variant comb dynamical pathways. The fundamental understanding of such contrasting growth and saturation mechanisms is directly relevant to the engineering of either single tone self-sustained oscillation at resonant frequency or broadband frequency comb spectrum.
MMX Multi Matrix System<sup>®</sup> mesalazine for the induction of remission in patients with mild‐to‐moderate ulcerative colitis: a combined analysis of two randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trials (2007)

MMX mesalazine [LIALDA (US), MEZAVANT XL (UK and Ireland) MEZAVANT (elsewhere)] utilizes MMX Multi Matrix System (MMX) technology which delivers mesalazine throughout the colon. Two phase III studies have already evaluated MMX mesalazine in patients with active, mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis. Aim To provide more precise estimates of the efficacy of MMX mesalazine over placebo by combining the patient populations from the two phase III studies. Methods Combined data from two 8-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials were analyzed. Patients randomized to MMX mesalazine 2.4 g/day (once daily or 1.2 g twice daily), 4.8 g/day (once daily) or placebo were reviewed. The primary end point was clinical and endoscopic remission (modified Ulcerative Colitis-Disease Activity Index of </=1 calculated as: rectal bleeding and stool frequency scores of 0, a combined Physician's Global Assessment and sigmoidoscopy score of </=1, no mucosal friability and a >/=1-point reduction in sigmoidoscopy score from week 0). Results Data from 517 patients were analysed. 8-week remission rates were 37.2% and 35.1% in the MMX mesalazine 2.4 g/day and 4.8 g/day groups, vs. 17.5% on placebo (P < 0.001, both comparisons). 8-week complete mucosal healing rates were 32% in both MMX mesalazine groups compared with 16% on placebo. Adverse event frequency was similar in all groups. Conclusion MMX mesalazine is effective and generally well tolerated for inducing clinical and endoscopic remission of active, mild-to-moderate ulcerative colitis.
Administration of a creatine analogue induces isomyosin transitions in muscle (1989)

A creatine analogue, beta-guanidinopropionic acid (beta-GPA), was administered in the food (2% wt/wt) and the water (0.5% wt/vol) of male CD-1 mice. Uptake of the phosphorylated analogue and depletion of phosphocreatine in hindlimb muscle was monitored by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and was found to be complete within 7 wk. After this time, the isomyosin composition of soleus, extensor digitorum longus (EDL), and ventricle was analyzed by pyrophosphate gel electrophoresis. The analogue was found to induce significant alterations in the type of myosin expressed in soleus and EDL. Normal soleus contains both intermediate (IM) and slow (SM) myosins, and treatment reduced the relative content of IM by approximately 50%. In EDL, treatment decreased fast isomyosin FM3 by 60% compared with controls. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis also showed a decrease of parvalbumin in EDL by approximately 50%. Treatment had no significant effect on the isomyosin composition of heart ventricle. Levels of physical activity and concentrations of serum glucose and thyroxine of treated mice were not significantly different from controls. These results indicate a role for intracellular energetics in mediating adaptive changes in the phenotype of muscle in mature animals.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 stimulates luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone secretion in a rodent hypothalamic neuronal cell line. (1998)

To examine the influence of the putative satiety factor (GLP-1) on the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis, we used GT1-7 cells as a model of neuronal luteinizing hormone- releasing hormone (LHRH) release. GLP-1 caused a concentration-dependent increase in LHRH release from GT1-7 cells. Specific, saturable GLP-1 binding sites were demonstrated on these cells. The binding of [125I]GLP-1 was time-dependent and consistent with a single binding site (Kd = 0.07+/-0.016 nM; binding capacity = 160+/-11 fmol/mg protein). The specific GLP-1 receptor agonists, exendin-3 and exendin-4, also showed high affinity (Ki = 0.3+/-0.05 and 0.32+/-0.06 nM, respectively) as did the antagonist exendin-(9-39) (Ki = 0.98+/-0.24 nM). At concentrations that increased LHRH release, GLP-1 (0.5-10 nM) also caused an increase in intracellular cAMP in GT1-7 cells (10 nM GLP-1: 7.66+/-0.4 vs. control: 0.23+/-0.02 nmol/mg protein; P < 0.001). Intracerebroventricular injection of GLP-1 at a single concentration (10 microg) produced a prompt increase in the plasma luteinizing hormone concentration in male rats (GLP-1: 1.09+/-0.11 vs. saline: 0.69+/-0.06 ng/ml; P < 0.005). GLP-1 levels in the hypothalami of 48-h-fasted male rats showed a decrease, indicating a possible association of the satiety factor with the low luteinizing hormone levels in animals with a negative energy balance.
The network capacity benefits of Flexgrid (2013)

Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks of the future are likely to use Flexgrid, providing operators with additional flexibility when assigning spectrum compared to traditional WDM networks using the 50GHz ITU grid. Flexgrid breaks the spectrum up into small (typically 12.5GHz) slots, but \nits key feature is that contiguous slots can be joined together to form arbitrary sized blocks of spectrum. This additional flexibility will allow faster transponders that utilise high spectral efficiency modulation techniques, but no longer fit within a 50GHz slot due to their larger spectral width requirements, to be carried by the optical network. From the use of these new spectrum efficient modulation formats and finer control over spectrum allocations, a key benefit that Flexgrid offers network \noperators is that their WDM networks can carry more traffic. This paper will look at the capacity improvements that can be\nrealised on a WDM network that is using Flexgrid over those that are using a traditional fixed grid.