gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new switched‐capacitor transformer and its analysis (1981)

Abstract IC realization of a switched‐capacitor transformer with in integer turn ratios, based on alternating and switching series and parallel‐connections of capacitors is presented. The circuit consists of n capacitors and 3 n +1 MOS FET switches. This circuit is advantageous in that it has monolithic IC capability, DC voltage step‐up and step‐down are possible and non‐grounding can be achieved. It is thus useful for the integration of difficult circuits containing transformers. In this paper theoretical analyses are given for the case of ideal capacitors and switches, and for the case of non‐zero stray capacitance and on‐resistance. The effects of the on‐resistance of switches on the transfer characteristics of the transformer on the operating frequency range, allowable input level, element sensitivity and temperature characteristics are shown both theoretically and experimentally. As an example of applications, the test of a first‐order all‐pass filter is presented. The test used two 1,000pF capacitors and MOS FET switches; voltage step‐up and step‐down in the range from DC to 100 kHz were demonstrated. In this case the maximum allowable input level is about 0.5V and stability is ensured at temperatures from −20 to 80°C.
Tryptoline Formation by a Preparation from Brain with 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid and Tryptamine (1975)

An enzymatic preparation from human brain converts tryptamine to tryptoline (9H-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrido[3,4-b]indole) in the presence of 5-methyltetrahydrofolic acid. Similarly, N-methyltryptamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine yield 1-methyltryptoline and 5-hydroxytryptoline, respectively. Neither in vitro nor in vivo formation of these compounds by human tissues has been described.
Control of underwater manipulators mounted on an ROV using base force information (2002)

This paper presents a control scheme for obtaining high manoeuvrability of underwater robot manipulators mounted on a remotely operated vehicle (ROV). The motions of an underwater manipulator can affect the attitude and position of the ROV which should remain stationary in seabed operation. To compensate for the dynamic effect of the underwater manipulator on the ROV, the force-torque (F/T) information between the manipulator and the vehicle is used to regulate the states of the ROV. When an F/T sensor is practically unavailable, a disturbance observer can fill the role of the F/T sensor. This paper proposes a disturbance observer for estimating the interaction forces between the ROV and the manipulator. A two-link manipulator mounted on an ROV is considered and numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the improvement on the manoeuvrability of the proposed controller.
Homologous p35 proteins of baculoviruses show distinctive anti‐apoptotic activities which correlate with the apoptosis‐inducing activity of each virus<sup>1</sup> (1998)

The anti-apoptotic activity of p35s from two baculoviruses, Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus (AcNPV) and Bombyx mori NPV (BmNPV), was compared in mammalian cells. AcNPV p35 efficiently blocked apoptosis induced by caspase overexpression, but BmNPV p35 did so very poorly. Analysis of chimeric p35s and in vitro cleavage of wild type p35s suggest that the cleavage efficiency of p35 correlates with the blocking activity. Single amino acid substitutions of BmNPV p35 with those observed in AcNPV p35, however, resulted in significant loss of its anti-apoptotic activity. We speculate that sequences flanking the cleavage site have uniquely evolved during baculovirus evolution.
Mouse and Human Eosinophils Degranulate in Response to Platelet-Activating Factor (PAF) and LysoPAF via a PAF-Receptor–Independent Mechanism: Evidence for a Novel Receptor (2010)

Platelet-activating factor (PAF [1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine]) is a phospholipid mediator released from activated macrophages, mast cells, and basophils that promotes pathophysiologic inflammation. Eosinophil responses to PAF are complex and incompletely elucidated. We show in this article that PAF and its 2-deacetylated metabolite (lysoPAF) promote degranulation (release of eosinophil peroxidase) via a mechanism that is independent of the characterized PAFR. Specifically, we demonstrate that receptor antagonists CV-3988 and WEB-2086 and pertussis toxin have no impact on PAF- or lysoPAF-mediated degranulation. Furthermore, cultured mouse eosinophils from PAFR(-/-) bone marrow progenitors degranulate in response to PAF and lysoPAF in a manner indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts. In addition to PAF and lysoPAF, human eosinophils degranulate in response to lysophosphatidylcholine, but not phosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidylethanolamine, or phosphatidylethanolamine, demonstrating selective responses to phospholipids with a choline head-group and minimal substitution at the sn-2 hydroxyl. Human eosinophils release preformed cytokines in response to PAF, but not lysoPAF, also via a PAFR-independent mechanism. Mouse eosinophils do not release cytokines in response to PAF or lysoPAF, but they are capable of doing so in response to IL-6. Overall, our work provides the first direct evidence for a role for PAF in activating and inducing degranulation of mouse eosinophils, a crucial feature for the interpretation of mouse models of PAF-mediated asthma and anaphylaxis. Likewise, we document and define PAF and lysoPAF-mediated activities that are not dependent on signaling via PAFR, suggesting the existence of other unexplored molecular signaling pathways mediating responses from PAF, lysoPAF, and closely related phospholipid mediators.
Insulin-Like Growth Factors as Intraovarian Regulators of Granulosa Cell Growth and Function* (1985)

A relatively large body of evidence now appears to support the existence of the essential ingredients for novel intraovarian IGF-driven control mechanisms. Indeed, evidence presented in this communication is in keeping with the possibility that the granulosa cell may be the site of IGF production, reception, and action. Although the relevance of IGFs to ovarian cell types other than the granulosa cell is largely unknown, one cannot at the present time exclude the possibility of nongranulosa cell contributions to intraovarian IGF production, reception, and action. Indeed, preliminary affinity cross-linking studies (Adashi, Resnick, Svoboda, Van Wyk and D'Ercole; unpublished data) suggest the existence of type-I and type-II receptors in nongranulosa cell compartments. The above notwithstanding, IGFs of granulosa (and possibly circulatory) origins may interact with granulosa cell autoreceptors either independently or in synergy with other granulosa cell agonists. According to this view, IGFs may act in the autocrine mode to stimulate granulosa cell replication on the one hand and promote granulosa cell differentiation on the other. Although proliferation and terminal differentiation may prove mutually exclusive under some circumstances, coexistence of the two processes is being increasingly recognized. In this context, some studies of porcine granulosa cells support a dual role for IGFs in granulosa cell ontogeny. As such, the IGFs can be added to a growing list of growth factors known to modulate granulosa cell growth and function, including EGF, PDGF, and FGF. Our findings indicate that Sm-C/IGF-I synergizes with FSH in the induction of rat granulosa cell aromatase activity at nanomolar concentrations compatible with its granulosa cell receptor binding affinity (thus far studied only in porcine cells. A role for Sm-C/IGF-I in the regulation of this key granulosa cell function would be in keeping with the possibility that Sm-C/IGF-I may partake in the assertion and maintenance of dominance by the selected follicle(s) or in promoting juvenile and early follicular development. Moreover, the ability of Sm-C/IGF-I to potentiate this and other FSH-driven ovarian functions may also account, at least in part, for the puberty-promoting effect of growth hormone. This permissive action of growth hormone has been initially suggested by observation in growth hormone-deficient rats, mice (dwarf mutants, and humans (sporadic, hereditary or acquired growth hormone deficiency.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Using Drosophila melanogaster as a Model for Genotoxic Chemical Mutational Studies with a New Program, SnpSift (2012)

This paper describes a new program SnpSift for filtering differential DNA sequence variants between two or more experimental genomes after genotoxic chemical exposure. Here, we illustrate how SnpSift can be used to identify candidate phenotype-relevant variants including single nucleotide polymorphisms, multiple nucleotide polymorphisms, insertions, and deletions (InDels) in mutant strains isolated from genome-wide chemical mutagenesis of Drosophila melanogaster. First, the genomes of two independently isolated mutant fly strains that are allelic for a novel recessive male-sterile locus generated by genotoxic chemical exposure were sequenced using the Illumina next-generation DNA sequencer to obtain 20- to 29-fold coverage of the euchromatic sequences. The sequencing reads were processed and variants were called using standard bioinformatic tools. Next, SnpEff was used to annotate all sequence variants and their potential mutational effects on associated genes. Then, SnpSift was used to filter and select differential variants that potentially disrupt a common gene in the two allelic mutant strains. The potential causative DNA lesions were partially validated by capillary sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA in the genetic interval as defined by meiotic mapping and deletions that remove defined regions of the chromosome. Of the five candidate genes located in the genetic interval, the Pka-like gene CG12069 was found to carry a separate pre-mature stop codon mutation in each of the two allelic mutants whereas the other four candidate genes within the interval have wild-type sequences. The Pka-like gene is therefore a strong candidate gene for the male-sterile locus. These results demonstrate that combining SnpEff and SnpSift can expedite the identification of candidate phenotype-causative mutations in chemically mutagenized Drosophila strains. This technique can also be used to characterize the variety of mutations generated by genotoxic chemicals.
Portable System for Monitoring and Controlling Driver Behavior and the Use of a Mobile Phone While Driving (2019)

There is an utmost requirement for technology to control a driver's phone while driving, which will prevent the driver from being distracted and thus saving the driver's and passenger's lives. Information from recent studies has shown that 70% of the young and aware drivers are used to texting while driving. There are many different technologies used to control mobile phones while driving, including electronic device control, global positioning system (GPS), on-board diagnostics (OBD)-II-based devices, mobile phone applications or apps, etc. These devices acquire the vehicle information such as the car speed and use the information to control the driver's phone such as preventing them from making or receiving calls at specific speed limits. The information from the devices is interfaced via Bluetooth and can later be used to control mobile phone applications. The main aim of this paper is to propose the design of a portable system for monitoring the use of a mobile phone while driving and for controlling a driver's mobile phone, if necessary, when the vehicle reaches a specific speed limit (>10 km/h). A paper-based self-reported questionnaire survey was carried out among 600 teenage drivers from different nationalities to see the driving behavior of young drivers in Qatar. Finally, a mobile application was developed to monitor the mobile usage of a driver and an OBD-II module-based portable system was designed to acquire data from the vehicle to identify drivers' behavior with respect to phone usage, sudden lane changes, and abrupt breaking/sharp speeding. This information was used in a mobile application to control the driver's mobile usage as well as to report the driving behavior while driving. The application of such a system can significantly improve drivers' behavior all over the world.
Statistical timing analysis of combinational logic circuits (1993)

Efficient methods for computing an exact probability distribution of the delay of a combinational circuit, given probability distributions for the gate and wire delays, are developed. The derived distribution can give the probability that a combinational circuit will achieve a certain performance, across the possible range. This information can then be used to predict the expected performance of the entire circuit. The techniques presented target fast analysis as well as reduced memory requirements. The notion of a correct approximation, based on convex inequality, which never overestimates the percentage of circuits that will achieve any given performance is defined. It is shown that given the assumption that all the topologically longest paths are responsible for the delay, the computation technique provides a correct probabilistic measure in the sense given above. Methods are given to identify and to ignore false paths in the probabilistic analysis, so as to obtain correct and less pessimistic answers to the performance prediction question. Some practical results are given for a number of benchmark combinational circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phospholamban Oligomerization, Quaternary Structure, and Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum Calcium ATPase Binding Measured by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer in Living Cells (2008)

Phospholamban (PLB) oligomerization, quaternary structure, and sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA) binding were quantified by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in an intact cellular environment. FRET between cyan fluorescent protein-PLB and yellow fluorescent protein-PLB in AAV-293 cells showed hyperbolic dependence on protein concentration, with a maximum efficiency of 45.1 +/- 1.3%. The observed FRET corresponds to a probe separation distance of 58.7 +/- 0.5A(,) according to a computational model of intrapentameric FRET. This is consistent with models of the PLB pentamer in which cytoplasmic domains fan out from the central bundle of transmembrane helices. An I40A mutation of PLB did not alter pentamer conformation but increased the concentration of half-maximal FRET (K(D)) by >4-fold. This is consistent with the previous observation that this putatively monomeric mutant still oligomerizes in intact membranes but forms more dynamic pentamers than wild type PLB. PLB association with SERCA, measured by FRET between cyan fluorescent protein-SERCA and yellow fluorescent protein-PLB, was increased by the I40A mutation without any detectable change in probe separation distance. The data indicate that the regulatory complex conformation is not altered by the I40A mutation. A naturally occurring human mutation (L39Stop) greatly reduced PLB oligomerization and SERCA binding and caused mislocalization of PLB to the cytoplasm and nucleus. Overall, the data suggest that the PLB pentamer adopts a "pinwheel" shape in cell membranes, as opposed to a more compact "bellflower" conformation. I40A mutation decreases oligomerization and increases PLB binding to SERCA. Truncation of the transmembrane domain by L39Stop mutation prevents anchoring of the protein in the membrane, greatly reducing PLB binding to itself or its regulatory target, SERCA.
Ribosome Profiling Reveals a Cell-Type-Specific Translational Landscape in Brain Tumors (2014)

Glioma growth is driven by signaling that ultimately regulates protein synthesis. Gliomas are also complex at the cellular level and involve multiple cell types, including transformed and reactive cells in the brain tumor microenvironment. The distinct functions of the various cell types likely lead to different requirements and regulatory paradigms for protein synthesis. Proneural gliomas can arise from transformation of glial progenitors that are driven to proliferate via mitogenic signaling that affects translation. To investigate translational regulation in this system, we developed a RiboTag glioma mouse model that enables cell-type-specific, genome-wide ribosome profiling of tumor tissue. Infecting glial progenitors with Cre-recombinant retrovirus simultaneously activates expression of tagged ribosomes and delivers a tumor-initiating mutation. Remarkably, we find that although genes specific to transformed cells are highly translated, their translation efficiencies are low compared with normal brain. Ribosome positioning reveals sequence-dependent regulation of ribosomal activity in 5'-leaders upstream of annotated start codons, leading to differential translation in glioma compared with normal brain. Additionally, although transformed cells express a proneural signature, untransformed tumor-associated cells, including reactive astrocytes and microglia, express a mesenchymal signature. Finally, we observe the same phenomena in human disease by combining ribosome profiling of human proneural tumor and non-neoplastic brain tissue with computational deconvolution to assess cell-type-specific translational regulation.
Modulating the Acidity: Highly Acidic Brønsted Acids in Asymmetric Catalysis (2011)

Recently, chiral highly acidic Brønsted acids have emerged as powerful catalysts for enantioselective C-C and C-X bond-forming reactions. Their strong acidity renders them valuable tools for the activation of imines, carbonyl compounds, and other weakly basic substrates. As a result, new perspectives are opened and highly stereoselective transformations based on the concept of chiral contact-ion-pair catalysis can be realized. This Minireview gives an overview of the design and application of these new organocatalysts and presents recent results in this rapidly growing field.
An Overview of Recent Patents on Oral Osmotic Drug Delivery Systems (2007)

In recent years, novel drug delivery systems (NDDS) have been recognized as an attractive niche for the pharmaceutical and health industry. Among various NDDS, osmotic drug delivery systems (ODDS) are most interesting and widely applicable. Osmotic drug delivery system use osmotic pressure for controlled delivery of active agent(s). Drug delivery from these systems, to a large extent is independent of the physiological factors of gastrointestinal tract. ODDS have matured from their use with laboratory animals to most reliable controlled release systems for humans. Most of the knowledge about ODDS is found in patents, which are difficult to read, analyze and judge because of their peculiar style in which they are written. Santus and Baker reviewed ODDS patents up to year 1993; this review article gives an overview of ODDS patents from year 1994 to 2006.
Loss of the actin‐like protein MamK has pleiotropic effects on magnetosome formation and chain assembly in <i>Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense</i> (2010)

Magnetotactic bacteria synthesize magnetosomes, which are unique organelles consisting of membrane-enclosed magnetite crystals. For magnetic orientation individual magnetosome particles are assembled into well-organized chains. The actin-like MamK and the acidic MamJ proteins were previously implicated in chain assembly. While MamK was suggested to form magnetosome-associated cytoskeletal filaments, MamJ is assumed to attach the magnetosome vesicles to these structures. Although the deletion of either mamK in Magnetospirillum magneticum, or mamJ in Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense affected chain formation, the previously observed phenotypes were not fully consistent, suggesting different mechanisms of magnetosome chain assembly in both organisms. Here we show that in M. gryphiswaldense MamK is not absolutely required for chain formation. Straight chains, albeit shorter, fragmented and ectopic, were still formed in a mamK deletion mutant, although magnetosome filaments were absent as shown by cryo-electron tomography. Loss of MamK also resulted in reduced numbers of magnetite crystals and magnetosome vesicles and led to the mislocalization of MamJ. In addition, extensive analysis of wild type and mutant cells revealed previously unidentified ultrastructural characteristics in M. gryphiswaldense. Our results suggest that, despite of their functional equivalence, loss of MamK proteins in different bacteria may result in distinct phenotypes, which might be due to a species-specific genetic context.
Screening for microorganisms producing soybean saponin hydrolase. (1990)

Soyasaponins I-V, A1-A3,': and acetyl-soyasaponin A1-A61~8) were reported as the constituents of crude soybean saponin. These saponins have a commonstructure with glucuronic acid linked at C-3 site of soyasapogenols A or B. It has been reported that soybean saponins have hemolytic,9) antioxidative,10) hypolipidemic,10) and hypocholesterolemicn) activities, and also undesirable bitter and astringent tastes depending on the concentration,12) and the structure. 13) While soybean saponins are therefore likely to contribute to undesirable tastes in soybean foods, Iijima et al.13) have reported that the undesirable taste intensity of soybean saponin decreased significantly after 3035
Surface-modified spherical activated carbon for high carbon loading and its desalting performance in flow-electrode capacitive deionization (2016)

We fabricated surface modified activated carbons covered with ion-selective polymer. These materials can be used as powerful dispersants and flow electrodes, and improved desalting efficiency by high carbon loading <italic>via</italic> electrostatic repulsion.
Humoral theory of transplantation: some hot topics (2013)

Research in B-cell targeted therapies to prevent and treat AMR is rapidly growing, which includes monoclonal antibodies against B-cell markers CD20, CD40, CD19, BlyS, etc. It requires extensive clinical research to determine the best approach to inhibit or delete antibody and how to balance the drug efficacy with safety.
Experimental verification of beta-decay-driven sublimation in deuterium-tritium ice held in spherical fusion targets (1988)

A nonuniform layer of deuterium-tritium (DT) ice inside a spherical inertial confinement fusion (ICF) target held in an isothermal cryogenic environment should be driven toward uniformity by the beta-decay heat of the tritium. Experiments have been performed at KMS fusion to verify this hypothesis. Two major conclusions may be drawn from the initial results: (1) the beta decay of the tritium does deposit energy in the target, as evidenced by melting of DT ice when the target is well insulated from its surroundings, and (2) solid layers of DT ice sublime because of beta-decay heat. Both conclusions are reinforced by companion studies with nonradioactive hydrogen-deuterium (HD) ice in similar targets held under similar experimental conditions.