gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of the N Terminus and Transmembrane Domain of TRPM8 in Channel Localization and Tetramerization (2007)

Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are a family of cation channels involved in diverse cellular functions. They are composed of a transmembrane domain of six putative transmembrane segments flanked by large N- and C-terminal cytoplasmic domains. The melastatin subfamily (TRPM) channels have N-terminal domains of approximately 700 amino acids with four regions of shared homology and C-terminal domains containing the conserved TRP domain followed by a coiled-coil region. Here we investigated the effects of N- and C-terminal deletions on the cold and menthol receptor, TRPM8, expressed heterologously in Sf21 insect cells. Patch-clamp electrophysiology was used to study channel activity and revealed that only deletion of the first 39 amino acids was tolerated by the channel. Further N-terminal truncation or any C-terminal deletions prevented proper TRPM8 function. Confocal microscopy with immunofluorescence revealed that amino acids 40-86 are required for localization to the plasma membrane. Furthermore, analysis of deletion mutant oligomerization shows that the transmembrane domain is sufficient for TPRM8 assembly into tetramers. TRPM8 channels with C-terminal deletions tetramerize and localize properly but are inactive, indicating that although not essential for tetramerization and localization, the C terminus is critical for proper function of the channel sensor and/or gate.
Intellectual Capital: Realizing Your Company's True Value by Finding Its Hidden Brainpower (1997)

Intellectual capital is a phrase covering corporate brainpower, information technology, and relationships with customers and suppliers, all of which influence a company's ability to make money. They are all factors which tend to get overlooked because they are intangible and do not show up on a balance sheet. Yet without them, a good company can founder. This guide shows how to measure, manage and grow these hidden values as if they were money and takes accounting to a new level. It establishes the need for identifying hidden assets, develops principles for intellectual accounting, explains the metrics, applies the model with real examples and provides an action plan for managing development and growth of intellectual capital.
Free-electron laser based on the effect of channeling in an intense standing light wave (1988)

Channeling of electrons moving across an intense standing light wave is described. This effect is proposed to be used for the creation of a free-electron laser. Its linear gain is found and estimated.
Plateletpheresis with the COBE spectra single needle access option (1991)

A group of modifications, including a reservoir bag in the return circuit, has been devised to allow single needle plateletpheresis with the COBE Spectra. We compared the number and quality of platelets collected from 10 subjects in paired donations with single and dual needle protocols. There was no evidence of hemolysis with either protocol. Mean (+/- SD) platelet yields were 3.61 +/- 1.47 x 10(11) with two needles and 3.31 +/- 1.31 x 10(11) with the single needle procedure (P = .13). Mean leukocyte levels (standard manual counting chamber) were 1.0 +/- 1.7 x 10(7) and 1.2 +/- 1.0 x 10(7), respectively (p = .78). pH values during storage were acceptable in both groups of concentrates, and there were no significant differences between the single needle and dual needle concentrates in morphology scores or beta-thromboglobulin levels at 0, 1, 3, or 5 days of storage. Thus the single needle modification produced platelets that were comparable in quantity and quality to those from the standard dual needle plateletpheresis protocol.
Mental load and performance at different automation levels (1998)

The pandemic declaration of COVID-19 in 2020 presented unique challenges, lessons, and opportunities for public health practice in the United States. Despite clear evidence of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness, vaccine uptake and vaccine confidence remained low in many regions. Vaccine holdouts, or those who are vaccine hesitant, have been an increasingly difficult population to reach. Several factors influence vaccine hesitancy and behavior in rural areas, including health care access challenges, misinformation, political loyalties, and concerns regarding the perceived lack of trustworthy evidence and knowledge of long-term effects. In March 2021, the Finger Lakes Rural Immunization Initiative (FLRII) engaged stakeholders to address vaccine hesitancy in a nine-county region of rural New York known as the Finger Lakes. Driven by data collected from community partners, physicians, and local health departments regarding their biggest barriers and greatest needs, the FLRII team created an interactive program for trusted messengers (TMs) including a stakeholder panel, called the Trusted Messenger Forum (TMF). The TMF met every 2 weeks from August 2021- August 2022 to engage local TMs and disseminate up-to-date knowledge in real time. During forum sessions, TMs shared detailed accounts of their experiences combating vaccine hesitancy in their communities and supported one another in their efforts through positive interaction and reaffirming conversations. Collaborations between community stakeholders can form a scaffolding to support a rapid response to a variety of public health problems and result in impactful change. For researchers implementing community-based research projects, modeling stakeholder panels after trusted messenger forums can be effective for diversifying the scope of the project and reacting to emergent problems in real-time.
The Aspergillus flavus Homeobox Gene, hbx1, Is Required for Development and Aflatoxin Production (2017)

Homeobox proteins, a class of well conserved transcription factors, regulate the expression of targeted genes, especially those involved in development. In filamentous fungi, homeobox genes are required for normal conidiogenesis and fruiting body formation. In the present study, we identified eight homeobox (<i>hbx</i>) genes in the aflatoxin-producing ascomycete, <i>Aspergillus flavus</i>, and determined their respective role in growth, conidiation and sclerotial production. Disruption of seven of the eight genes had little to no effect on fungal growth and development. However, disruption of the homeobox gene AFLA_069100, designated as <i>hbx1</i>, in two morphologically different <i>A. flavus</i> strains, CA14 and AF70, resulted in complete loss of production of conidia and sclerotia as well as aflatoxins B₁ and B₂, cyclopiazonic acid and aflatrem. Microscopic examination showed that the Δ<i>hbx1</i> mutants did not produce conidiophores. The inability of Δ<i>hbx1</i> mutants to produce conidia was related to downregulation of <i>brlA</i> (bristle) and <i>abaA</i> (abacus), regulatory genes for conidiophore development. These mutants also had significant downregulation of the aflatoxin pathway biosynthetic genes <i>aflC</i>, <i>aflD</i>, <i>aflM</i> and the cluster-specific regulatory gene, <i>aflR</i>. Our results demonstrate that <i>hbx1</i> not only plays a significant role in controlling <i>A. flavus</i> development but is also critical for the production of secondary metabolites, such as aflatoxins.
Safety and Immunogenicity Profile of the Concomitant Administration of ZOSTAVAX and Inactivated Influenza Vaccine in Adults Aged 50 and Older (2007)

ZOSTAVAX and influenza vaccine given concomitantly are generally well tolerated in adults aged 50 and older. Ab responses were similar whether ZOSTAVAX and influenza vaccine were given concomitantly or sequentially.
Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Randomized Clinical Trial of Calcium Supplementation (2005)

In this randomized controlled clinical trial, there was no increase in prostate cancer risk associated with calcium supplementation and some suggestion of a protective effect.
Brevetoxin modulates neuronal sodium channels in two cell lines derived from rat brain. (1999)

Single Na+ channel currents were recorded from cell-attached membrane patches from two neuronal cell lines derived from rat brain, B50 and B104, and compared before and after exposure of the cells to purified brevetoxin, PbTx-3. B50 and B104 Na+ channels usually exhibited fast activation and inactivation as is typical of TTX-sensitive Na+ channels. PbTx-3 modified channel gating in both cell lines. PbTx-3 caused (1) significant increases in the frequency of channel reopening, indicating a slowing of channel inactivation, (2) a change in the voltage dependence of the channels, promoting channel opening during steady-state voltage clamp of the membrane at voltages throughout the activation range of Na+ currents, but notably near the resting potential of these cells (-60 - -50 mV), and (3) a significant, 6.7 mV hyperpolarized shift in the threshold potential for channel opening. Na+ channel slope conductance did not change in PbTx-3-exposed B50 and B104 neurons. These effects of Pbx-3 may cause hyperexcitability as well as inhibitory effects in intact brain.
A Probabilistic Compute Fabric Based on Coupled Ring Oscillators for Solving Combinatorial Optimization Problems (2021)

Nondeterministic polynomial time hard (NP-hard) combinatorial optimization problems (COPs) are intractable to solve using a traditional computer as the time to find a solution increases very rapidly with the number of variables. An efficient alternative computing method uses coupled spin networks to solve COP. This work presents a first-of-its-kind coupled ring oscillator (ROSC)-based scalable probabilistic Ising computer to solve NP-hard COPs. An integrated coupled oscillator network was designed with 560 ROSCs that mimic a coupled spin network. Each ROSC can be coupled to any of its neighbors using programmable back-to-back (B2B) inverter-based coupling mechanism. The ROSC-based spins and B2B inverter-based coupling were optimized to work under a wide range of system noise as well as voltage and temperature variations. Randomly generated 1000 max-cut problems were mapped and solved in the hardware. The integrated Ising computer produced satisfactory solutions of max-cut problems when compared with commercial software running on a CPU. Experiments show that the integrated CMOS-based Ising computer can find the solution to NP-hard problems with an accuracy of 82%-100%. In addition, the repeated measurements of the same problem showed that the Ising computer can traverse through several local minima to find high-quality solutions under various voltage and temperature variation conditions. The experimental results show that ROSCs are a potential candidate for a dedicated hardware accelerator aiming to solve a wide range of COPs.
Primary-backup replication: from a time-free protocol to a time-based implementation (2002)

Fault-tolerant control systems can be built by replicating critical components. However replication raises the issue of inconsistency. Multiple protocols for ensuring consistency have been described in the literature. PADRE (Protocol for Asymmetric Duplex REdundancy) is such a protocol, and an interesting case study of a complex and sensitive problem: the management of replicated traffic controllers in a railway system. However, the low level at which the protocol has been developed embodies system details, namely timeliness assumptions, that make it difficult to understand and may narrow its applicability. We argue that, when designing a protocol, it is preferable to consider first a general solution that does not include any timeliness assumptions; then, by taking into account an additional hypothesis, one can easily design a time-based solution tailored to a specific environment. This paper illustrates the benefit of a top-down protocol design approach and shows that PADRE can be seen as an instance of a standard primary-backup replication protocol based on view-synchronous communication (VSC).
Spectroscopic and electrochemical studies of charge transfer in modified electrodes (1989)

Experimental results from electrochemical e.s.r. on electrodes modified with conducting polymers such as polyaniline, polypyrrole and polythiophene are presented. The results show that the polymer exists in two forms, one stable when it is insulating (α) and the other (β) when it is conducting. In the conducting region the kinetics of the transformation of the metastable α form into the β form can be followed by e.s.r. It is further shown that in the lightly oxidised films there is a one-to-one correlation between charge injected and e.s.r. spins. These results are explained by a chemical redox model as opposed to a delocalised band.Results from a.c. impedance studies are presented. These results are explained by an equivalent circuit which includes a novel transmission line with differential resistances. Theoretical impedance plots are derived. Experimental results show that the polymer resistance and the resistance of the aqueous pores are equal. Reasons for this finding are discussed.
Mapping science education policy in developing countries (2000)

The paper examines the factors that shape science policy in developing countries, initially discussing two different approaches to the formation of science education policy, to further elaborate on the dimensions of the policy context for science education in developing countries, which include questions related to participation, financial constraints, the supply and demand for science education, and the different needs, for different groups. Specific issues are discussed in depth, debating on specialization, and special science schools, the structure and organization of the science curriculum, and, the provision of learning materials. In addition, the role of practical activity, problems of assessment and selection, and, patterns of science teacher education, are also selectively discussed. Finally, preemptive issues in science education suggest that the medium of science instruction lacks language fluency, since it is often taught in international languages, and, while new information technology opportunities are extensive, its impact on science education is uncertain. Science education is a sub-system, with its own characteristics, but needs to be seen in a generalized context, if interventions are to be effective.
DC conduction and electrical breakdown of MgO/LDPE nanocomposite (2008)

To understand basic electric properties of nano-sized magnesium oxide (MgO) / low-density polyethylene (LDPE) nanocomposite under DC voltage application, the volume resistivity, the space charge distribution and the breakdown strength were investigated. By the addition of nano-sized MgO filler, both the DC breakdown strength and the volume resistivity of LDPE increased. At the average DC electric field of about 85 kV/mm and more, a positive packet space charge was observed in LDPE without MgO nano-filler, whereas a little homogeneous space charge was observed in MgO/LDPE nanocomposite material at the front of electrode. From these results, it is confirmed that the addition of MgO nano-filler leads to the improvement of DC electrical insulating properties of LDPE.
Review of seagrass biomass and primary production research (2007)

Seagrass beds are important coastal ecosystems characterized by high biomass and primary production. The variation of seagrass primary production and biomass are determined by abiotic factors such as irradiance level, inorganic carbon supply, nutrient availability, water temperature, salinity, water velocity, iron deficiency and pollutants. Herbivory and the interaction with epiphytes are the most important biotic factors affecting the biomass and production of seagrasses. In general, the abiotic factors display optimal ranges for seagrass growth while the biotic factors exist double faced effects on it. Further research will be focused on development of research methods and comparative analysis based on larger spatial and temporal scales.
A new chemical procedure for 32P-labeling of ribonucleic acids at their 5'-ends after isolation. (1975)

A new technique, which utilizes the chemical reaction between [32P]diimidazolidate of orthophosphate and the cetyltrimethylammonium salt of high-molecular-weight RNA in nonaqueous dimethyl formamide, has been developed for the 32P-labeling of RNAs after isolation. The radioactive label of high specific activity is introduced onto a phosphorylated 5'-end of the RNA and renders it suitable for 5'-terminal group analysis. When the labeling reaction was applied to the 70S RNA of avian myeloblastosis virus, a labeled 35S RNA was isolated on sucrose-dimethyl sulfoxide gradients without apparent degradation.
Apolipoprotein(a) Kringle IV Repeat Number Predicts Risk for Coronary Heart Disease (1996)

A high plasma concentration of lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] has been suggested as a risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD), but some recent prospective studies have questioned the significance of Lp(a). Lp(a) concentrations are determined to a large extent by the hypervariable apo(a) gene locus on chromosome 6q2.7, which contains a variable number of identical tandemly arranged transcribed kringle IV type 2 repeats. The number of these repeats correlates inversely with plasma Lp(a) concentration. We analyzed whether apo(a) gene variation (kringle IV repeat number) is associated with CHD. Apo(a) genotypes were determined by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis/genomic blotting in CHD patients who had undergone angiography (n = 69) and control subjects matched for age, sex, and ethnicity (n = 69) and were related to Lp(a) concentration, apo(a) isoform in plasma, and disease status. Apo(a) alleles with a low kringle IV copy number ( < 22) and high Lp(a) concentration were significantly more frequent in the CHD group (P < .001), whereas large nonexpressed alleles were more frequent in control subjects. The odds ratio for CHD increased continuously with a decreasing number of kringle IV repeats and ranged from 0.3 in individuals with > 25 kringle IV repeats on both alleles to 4.6 in those with < 20 repeats on at least one allele. This provides direct genetic evidence that variation at the apo(a) gene locus, which determines Lp(a) levels, is also a determinant of CHD risk.
A Comparison of Loss Weighting Strategies for Multi task Learning in Deep Neural Networks (2019)

With the success of deep learning in a wide variety of areas, many deep multi-task learning (MTL) models have been proposed claiming improvements in performance obtained by sharing the learned structure across several related tasks. However, the dynamics of multi-task learning in deep neural networks is still not well understood at either the theoretical or experimental level. In particular, the usefulness of different task pairs is not known a priori. Practically, this means that properly combining the losses of different tasks becomes a critical issue in multi-task learning, as different methods may yield different results. In this paper, we benchmarked different multi-task learning approaches using shared trunk with task specific branches architecture across three different MTL datasets. For the first dataset, i.e. Multi-MNIST (Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology database), we thoroughly tested several weighting strategies, including simply adding task-specific cost functions together, dynamic weight average (DWA) and uncertainty weighting methods each with various amounts of training data per-task. We find that multi-task learning typically does not improve performance for a user-defined combination of tasks. Further experiments evaluated on diverse tasks and network architectures on various datasets suggested that multi-task learning requires careful selection of both task pairs and weighting strategies to equal or exceed the performance of single task learning.
Low gravity guidance system for airborne microgravity research (1996)

Microgravity research techniques have been established to achieve a greater understanding of the role of gravity in the fundamentals of a variety of physical phenomena and material processing. One technique in use at the NASA Lewis Research Center involves flying Keplarian trajectories with a modified Lear Jet and DC-9 aircraft to achieve a highly accurate Microgravity environment by neutralizing accelerations in all three axis of the aircraft. The Low Gravity Guidance System (LGGS) assists the pilot and copilot in flying the trajectories by displaying the aircraft acceleration data in a graphical display format. The Low Gravity Guidance System is a microprocessor based system that acquires and displays the aircraft acceleration information. This information is presented using an electroluminescent display mounted over the pilot's instrument panel. The pilot can select the Microgravity range that is required for a given research event. This paper describes the characteristics, design, calibration and testing of the Low Gravity Guidance System Phase 3, significant lessons from earlier systems and the developmental work on future systems.
Reactively sputtered PMN-PT thin films for electrocaloric applications (2014)

In this work, lead magnesium niobate-lead titanate (1-x)Pb(Mg <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/3</sub> Nb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2/3</sub> )O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> -xPbTiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> (PMN-PT) thin films with PT-fractions of 6.5 to 20% were fabricated on Pt(111)-coated Si wafers for the first time by multitarget reactive sputtering using four metallic targets (Pb, Mg, Nb, Ti).
Defective insulin secretion and enhanced insulin action in K <sub>ATP</sub> channel-deficient mice (1998)

ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels regulate many cellular functions by linking cell metabolism to membrane potential. We have generated KATP channel-deficient mice by genetic disruption of Kir6.2, which forms the K+ ion-selective pore of the channel. The homozygous mice (Kir6.2(-/-)) lack KATP channel activity. Although the resting membrane potential and basal intracellular calcium concentrations ([Ca2+]i) of pancreatic beta cells in Kir6.2(-/-) are significantly higher than those in control mice (Kir6.2(+/+)), neither glucose at high concentrations nor the sulfonylurea tolbutamide elicits a rise in [Ca2+]i, and no significant insulin secretion in response to either glucose or tolbutamide is found in Kir6.2(-/-), as assessed by perifusion and batch incubation of pancreatic islets. Despite the defect in glucose-induced insulin secretion, Kir6.2(-/-) show only mild impairment in glucose tolerance. The glucose-lowering effect of insulin, as assessed by an insulin tolerance test, is increased significantly in Kir6.2(-/-), which could protect Kir6.2(-/-) from developing hyperglycemia. Our data indicate that the KATP channel in pancreatic beta cells is a key regulator of both glucose- and sulfonylurea-induced insulin secretion and suggest also that the KATP channel in skeletal muscle might be involved in insulin action.