gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new DC-DC converter with multi output: Topology and control strategies (2008)

This paper presents a new topology based on a Positive Buck-Boost converter with multi output (MOPBB). A single output positive Buck-Boost converter consists of a Buck and Boost converters in cascade which can be controlled against input voltage fluctuation and load changes. In this paper, the steady state and dynamic analyses of the proposed topology are presented along with simulation results. A control algorithm is presented to control output voltages against input voltage fluctuation and step change in load with a purely logic control system that is based on hysteresis current and voltage control. This topology is suitable for a high power multilevel converter with diode-clamped topology where a series of capacitors are required to generate different voltage levels and capacitors voltage control is an important issue in this application.
Complete Solving of Linear Diophantine Equational and Inequational Systems without Adding Variables (1995)

In this report, we present an algorithm for solving directly linear Diophantine systems of both equations and inequations. Here directly means without adding slack variables for encoding inequalities as equalities. This algorithm is an extension of the algorithm due to Contejean and Devie [10] for solving linear Diophantine systems of equations, which is itself a generalization of the algorithm of Fortenbacher [7] for solving a single linear Diophantine equation. All the nice properties of the algorithm of Contejean and Devie are still satised by the new algorithm: it is complete, i.e. provides a (nite) description of the set of solutions, it can be implemented with a bounded stack, and it admits an incremental version. All of these characteristics enable its easy integration in the CLP paradigm.
Catecholamine-Containing Cells in Larval and Postlarval Bivalve Molluscs (1997)

Previous studies have suggested an involvement of catecholamines in the control of several larval behaviors, such as feeding, locomotion, and induction of settling and metamorphosis. In the present study we employed aldehyde-induced, blue-green fluorescence to indicate catecholamines in cells within representatives of two bivalve families, the Pectinidae (Placopecten magellanicus) and the Mytilidae (Mytilus edulis). Larvae were examined at different stages of development before and also shortly after settlement. The general distribution of fluorescent cells was similar in the two species. By midveliger stage, several fluorescent cells and fibers were located along the outer rim of each velar lobe, and a pair of flask-shaped cells was located lateral to the mouth. A single fiber from near the mouth projected to a region beneath the apical tuft. In the pediveliger, the cells by the mouth were joined by an additional two to four fluorescent cells. The developing foot also contained numerous such cells, some of which had processes that penetrated the epithelium on the "sole" and bore ciliated terminals. Fluorescent somata were also located around the edge of the mantle. Centrally projecting fibers appeared to terminate in the pedal and abdominal ganglia, which also contained a few fluorescent somata. After settlement, the velar lobes and resident fluorescent somata disappeared, but fluorescent cells in the foot persisted as this latter organ grew. Fluorescent cells within the developing gill were connected with the abdominal ganglia by means of fibers. Control preparations labeled with antibodies raised against serotonin indicated that the aldehyde-induced fluorescence was not due to the presence of indoleamines. The present study not only confirms previous chromatographic evidence suggesting the presence of catecholamines in the larvae of bivalve molluscs, but also identifies putative neuronal circuits that may control various larval behaviors.
Photogenerated glycan arrays identify immunogenic sugar moieties of <b><i>Bacillus anthracis</i></b> exosporium (2007)

Using photogenerated glycan arrays, we characterized a large panel of synthetic carbohydrates for their antigenic reactivities with pathogen-specific antibodies. We discovered that rabbit IgG antibodies elicited by Bacillus anthracis spores specifically recognize a tetrasaccharide chain that decorates the outermost surfaces of the B. anthracis exosporium. Since this sugar moiety is highly specific for the spores of B. anthracis, it appears to be a key biomarker for detection of B. anthracis spores and development of novel vaccines that target anthrax spores.
Driver Reaction Time in Crash Avoidance Research: Validation of a Driving Simulator Study on a Test Track (2000)

A series of experiments was conducted on the Iowa Driving Simulator to examine driver reaction and performance in an intersection incursion crash scenario. To validate these simulator trials, a second study was run on a test track using a similar intersection incursion scenario to examine driver reaction and vehicle performance. Results showed that there was statistical equivalence between important driver reaction times with both studies.
Pressure-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve to Assess Serial Epicardial Stenoses (2000)

Background-Fractional flow reserve (FFR) is an index of stenosis severity validated for isolated stenoses. This study develops the theoretical basis and experimentally validates equations for predicting FFR of sequential stenoses separately. Methods and Results-For 2 stenoses in series, equations were derived to predict FFR (FFR(pred)) of each stenosis separately (ie, as if the other one were removed) from arterial pressure (P(a)), pressure between the 2 stenoses (P(m)), distal coronary pressure (P(d)), and coronary occlusive pressure (P(w)). In 5 dogs with 2 stenoses of varying severity in the left circumflex coronary artery, FFR(pred) was compared with FFR(app) (ratio of the pressure just distal to that just proximal to each stenoses) and to FFR(true) (ratio of the pressures distal to proximal to each stenosis but after removal of the other one) in case of fixed distal and varying proximal stenoses (n=15) and in case of fixed proximal and varying distal stenoses (n=20). The overestimation of FFR(true) by FFR(app) was larger than that of FFR(true) by FFR(pred) (0.070+/-0.007 versus 0.029+/-0.004, P<0.01 for fixed distal stenoses, and 0.114+/-0.01 versus 0.036+/-0. 004, P<0.01 for fixed proximal stenoses). This overestimation of FFR(true) by FFR(app) was larger for fixed proximal than for fixed distal stenoses. Conclusions-The interaction between 2 stenoses is such that FFR of each lesion separately cannot be calculated by the equation for isolated stenoses (P(d)/P(a) during hyperemia) applied to each separately but can be predicted by more complete equations taking into account P(a), P(m), P(d), and P(w).
pH transients evoked by excitatory synaptic transmission are increased by inhibition of extracellular carbonic anhydrase. (1992)

Excitatory synaptic transmission has been associated with a rapid alkalinization of the brain extracellular space. These pH shifts are markedly increased by acetazolamide, an inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase. Although this effect can be readily explained by inhibition of extracellular carbonic anhydrase, this enzyme has been considered strictly intracellular in the central nervous system. To determine whether these alkaline shifts are regulated by extracellular carbonic anhydrase, we studied the effects of a membrane impermeant, dextran-bound inhibitor of this enzyme. Extracellular alkaline transients, measured with pH-sensitive microelectrodes, were generated in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices by repetitive electrical stimulation of Schaeffer collateral fibers or by local ejection of glutamate. More direct alkalinizations were elicited by focal ejection of NaOH in the vicinity of a pH microelectrode. These pH transients were reversibly enhanced by addition of the dextran-bound inhibitor. We conclude that there is significant carbonic anhydrase activity in the extracellular space of the brain. We postulate that this enzyme functions in the regulation and modulation of extracellular pH transients associated with neuronal activity.
Communication and memory optimal parallel data cube construction (2005)

Data cube construction is a commonly used operation in data warehouses. Because of the volume of data that is stored and analyzed in a data warehouse and the amount of computation involved in data cube construction, it is natural to consider parallel machines for this operation. This paper addresses a number of algorithmic issues in parallel data cube construction. First, we present an aggregation tree for sequential (and parallel) data cube construction, which has minimally bounded memory requirements. An aggregation tree is parameterized by the ordering of dimensions. We present a parallel algorithm based upon the aggregation tree. We analyze the interprocessor communication volume and construct a closed form expression for it. We prove that the same ordering of the dimensions in the aggregation tree minimizes both the computational and communication requirements. We also describe a method for partitioning the initial array and prove that it minimizes the communication volume. Finally, in the cases when memory may be a bottleneck, we describe how tiling can help scale sequential and parallel data cube construction. Experimental results from implementation of our algorithms on a cluster of workstations show the effectiveness of our algorithms and validate our theoretical results.
Flux Balance Analysis of Cyanobacterial Metabolism: The Metabolic Network of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 (2013)

Cyanobacteria are versatile unicellular phototrophic microorganisms that are highly abundant in many environments. Owing to their capability to utilize solar energy and atmospheric carbon dioxide for growth, cyanobacteria are increasingly recognized as a prolific resource for the synthesis of valuable chemicals and various biofuels. To fully harness the metabolic capabilities of cyanobacteria necessitates an in-depth understanding of the metabolic interconversions taking place during phototrophic growth, as provided by genome-scale reconstructions of microbial organisms. Here we present an extended reconstruction and analysis of the metabolic network of the unicellular cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Building upon several recent reconstructions of cyanobacterial metabolism, unclear reaction steps are experimentally validated and the functional consequences of unknown or dissenting pathway topologies are discussed. The updated model integrates novel results with respect to the cyanobacterial TCA cycle, an alleged glyoxylate shunt, and the role of photorespiration in cellular growth. Going beyond conventional flux-balance analysis, we extend the computational analysis to diurnal light/dark cycles of cyanobacterial metabolism.
<title>Phase-grating use for slope discrimination in moiré contouring</title> (1992)

Moire contouring methods have been shown to be able to delineate the full surfaces of gently curved parts. One limitation of most interferometric based methods is that the resulting fringe pattern does not differentiate between positive and negative slope surfaces (peaks from valleys). Many dynamic analysis methods, such as phase shifting, do permit slope determination through the use of multiple images. This paper presents a method of moire fringe generation which discriminates peaks from valleys through the use of phase gratings. A phase grating creates a change in a static moire pattern whenever the sign of the surface slope changes. By selecting the sign of one slope on a continuous surface, the sign of any other region can be determined. The slopes are determined by the phase of the moire fringe pattern without moving the fringes. This method does not provide absolute slope determination, but only relative to any other slope on the same, continuous surface. We discuss the basic theory of moire fringe generation using phase gratings, and relate the fringe creation mechanism to an explanation of the slope effect. Finally, we present experimental results of some simple examples of practical applications of this method.
New 2-Diazocyclohexane-1,3-Dione Photoactive Compounds For Deep U.V. Lithography (1988)

The title compounds have been examined as photoactive components of two-part deep UV photoresists. All of the materials synthesized were soluble in typical photoresist solvents. Some were completely retained in photoresist layers baked at 95°C. The dependence of diazo compound retention on structure is discussed. Typical UV spectra of these photoresists are shown as well as the changes that occur on deep UV irradiation. Examples of typical development curves and PROSIM resist profiles are shown.
The Oncoprotein Kinase Chaperone <i>CDC37</i> Functions as an Oncogene in Mice and Collaborates with Both c- <i>myc</i> and Cyclin D1 in Transformation of Multiple Tissues (2000)

CDC37 encodes a 50-kDa protein that targets intrinsically unstable oncoprotein kinases including Cdk4, Raf-1, and v-src to the molecular chaperone Hsp90, an interaction that is thought to be important for the establishment of signaling pathways. CDC37 is required for proliferation in budding yeast and is coexpressed with cyclin D1 in proliferative zones during mouse development, a finding consistent with a positive role in cell proliferation. CDC37 expression may not only be required to support proliferation in cells that are developmentally programmed to proliferate but may also be required in cells that are inappropriately induced to initiate proliferation by oncogenes. Here we report that mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV)-CDC37 transgenic mice develop mammary gland tumors at a rate comparable to that observed previously in MMTV-cyclin D1 mice. Moreover, CDC37 was found to collaborate with MMTV-c-myc in the transformation of multiple tissues, including mammary and salivary glands in females and testis in males, and also collaborates with cyclin D1 to transform the female mammary gland. These data indicate that CDC37 can function as an oncogene in mice and suggests that the establishment of protein kinase pathways mediated by Cdc37-Hsp90 can be a rate-limiting event in epithelial cell transformation.
Improving radiotherapy planning, delivery accuracy, and normal tissue sparing using cutting edge technologies. (2014)

In the United States, more than half of all new invasive cancers diagnosed are non-small cell lung cancer, with a significant number of these cases presenting at locally advanced stages, resulting in about one-third of all cancer deaths. While the advent of stereotactic ablative radiation therapy (SABR, also known as stereotactic body radiotherapy, or SBRT) for early-staged patients has improved local tumor control to >90%, survival results for locally advanced stage lung cancer remain grim. Significant challenges exist in lung cancer radiation therapy including tumor motion, accurate dose calculation in low density media, limiting dose to nearby organs at risk, and changing anatomy over the treatment course. However, many recent technological advancements have been introduced that can meet these challenges, including four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT) and volumetric cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to enable more accurate target definition and precise tumor localization during radiation, respectively. In addition, advances in dose calculation algorithms have allowed for more accurate dosimetry in heterogeneous media, and intensity modulated and arc delivery techniques can help spare organs at risk. New delivery approaches, such as tumor tracking and gating, offer additional potential for further reducing target margins. Image-guided adaptive radiation therapy (IGART) introduces the potential for individualized plan adaptation based on imaging feedback, including bulky residual disease, tumor progression, and physiological changes that occur during the treatment course. This review provides an overview of the current state of the art technology for lung cancer volume definition, treatment planning, localization, and treatment plan adaptation.
Comb-Push Ultrasound Shear Elastography (CUSE) With Various Ultrasound Push Beams (2013)

Comb-push ultrasound shear elastography (CUSE) has recently been shown to be a fast and accurate 2-D elasticity imaging technique that can provide a full field-of-view (FOV) shear wave speed map with only one rapid data acquisition. The initial version of CUSE was termed U-CUSE because unfocused ultrasound push beams were used. In this paper, we present two new versions of CUSE-focused CUSE (F-CUSE) and marching CUSE (M-CUSE), which use focused ultrasound push beams to improve acoustic radiation force penetration and produce stronger shear waves in deep tissues (e.g., kidney and liver). F-CUSE divides transducer elements into several subgroups which transmit multiple focused ultrasound beams simultaneously. M-CUSE uses more elements for each focused push beam and laterally marches the push beams. Both F-CUSE and M-CUSE can generate comb-shaped shear wave fields that have shear wave motion at each imaging pixel location so that a full FOV 2-D shear wave speed map can be reconstructed with only one data acquisition. Homogeneous phantom experiments showed that U-CUSE, F-CUSE, and M-CUSE can all produce smooth shear wave speed maps with accurate shear wave speed estimates. An inclusion phantom experiment showed that all CUSE methods could provide good contrast between the inclusion and background with sharp boundaries while F-CUSE and M-CUSE require shorter push durations to achieve shear wave speed maps with comparable SNR to U-CUSE. A more challenging inclusion phantom experiment with a very stiff and deep inclusion shows that better shear wave penetration could be gained by using F-CUSE and M-CUSE. Finally, a shallow inclusion experiment showed that good preservations of inclusion shapes could be achieved by both U-CUSE and F-CUSE in the near field. Safety measurements showed that all safety parameters are below FDA regulatory limits for all CUSE methods. These promising results suggest that, using various push beams, CUSE is capable of reconstructing a 2-D full FOV shear elasticity map using only one push-detection data acquisition in a wide range of depths for soft tissue elasticity imaging.
Power Management of Multicore Multiple Voltage Embedded Systems by Task Scheduling (2007)

We study the role of task-level scheduling in power management on multicore multiple voltage embedded systems. Multicore on-a- chip, in particular DSP systems, can greatly improve performance through parallelism. On the other hand, dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) has been shown to be one of the most effective low power design techniques and multiple supply voltage system is among the most practical and well-studied DVS systems. The integration of multiple cores/processors on a chip naturally makes the system suitable for DVS with new innovations such as voltage island. In this paper, we discuss how to reduce multicore system's power consumption by utilizing multiple supply voltages. We first formulate the power management problem for multicore multi-voltage embedded systems and show that the problem is NP-hard, but the NP- hardness can be removed for several real life applications. More specific, we develop polynomial algorithms to find the optimal solutions for two special cases. The first case is when preemption is allowed, and the second one is when the system uses the first-come - first-serve (FCFS) service strategy. We prove both algorithms' optimality and analyze their run-time complexity. Simulation on real- life and randomly generated tasks show that the optimal preemption scheduler provides significant energy saving. Our goal in this paper is to build a solid foundation for the power management problem on multicore multiple voltage systems and to study real life applications where the problem can be solved optimally.
Cerebrospinal Fluid and Spinal Cord Distribution of Hyperbaric Bupivacaine and Baclofen during Slow Intrathecal Infusion in Pigs (2009)

Even at very slow infusion rates, drug distribution within the cerebral spinal fluid and spinal cord are affected by baricity/posture. These findings suggest that patient position and solution baricity may be important clinical factors determining the distribution and ultimate efficacy of chronic intrathecal drug infusions.
Prospects for ferroelectric HfZrOx FETs with experimentally CET=0.98nm, SSfor=42mV/dec, SSrev=28mV/dec, switch-off 0.2V, and hysteresis-free strategies (2015)

Ferroelectric HfZrOx (FE-HZO) FETs is experimentally demonstrated with 0.98nm CET (capacitance equivalent thickness), small hysteresis window VT (threshold voltage) shift <; 0.1V, SS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">for</sub> = 42mV/dec, SS <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">rev</sub> = 28mV/dec, and switch-off <; 0.2V. The optimum ALD process leads single monolayer SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> for IL (interfacial layer) and low gate leakage current. The FE-HZO FETs is operated at room temperature and 150K to obtain beyond the physical limitation of Boltzmann tyranny, and the extracted body factors are m = 0.67 and m = 0.89 for V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> = 0.1 and 0.5 V, respectively, to confirm the negative capacitance (NC) effect. There are two proposed strategies to reach hysteresis-free, including FE-HZO/epi-Ge/Si FETs with experimentally VT shift 3mV in hysteresis window, and 3nm-thick FE-HZO resulting hysteresis-free and sub-0.2V switching by numerical simulation.
Functional analysis of avian class I (BFIV) glycoproteins by epitope tagging and mutagenesis <i>in vitro</i> (1995)

Similarities between the physical structures of avian and mammalian major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I glycoproteins have been proposed based on comparative alignment of their amino acid sequences. To investigate the physical structure of the chicken class I glycoprotein, we cloned the cDNA representing the BFIV locus of the B21 haplotype. A unique, chimeric class I glycoprotein was constructed by incorporating an epitope tag (FLAG) at the N terminus. Monoclonal antibodies to the FLAG epitope served to monitor cell-surface expression for functional analysis of the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. The chimeric class I glycoprotein was expressed in target cells using an avian leukosis virus (ALV)-derived retrovirus vector (RCASBP). The presence of the FLAG epitope did not interfere with either alloantibody recognition or cytotoxic T lymphocyte interaction. Functional analysis employing site-directed mutagenesis identified BF amino acid residues forming serologic epitopes as well as residues important in antigen presentation to ALV-induced cytotoxic T lymphocytes. BF residues 78 and 81, corresponding to HLA 79 and 82, form an antibody epitope with a slight effect on ALV antigen presentation, consistent with their predicted orientation based on the HLA-A2 crystal structure. Alignment of the BFIV21 sequence with previously published BFIV sequences revealed polymorphisms at position 34 (HLA 34), a monomorphic residues in HLA and H-2. Residue 34 is located in pocket B and is predicted to contact the main-chain carbon of peptides bound in HLA-A2. A site-directed substitution in BFIV residue 34 dramatically alters ALV antigen presentation by the BFIV21 class I glycoprotein. These data indicate that the physical molecular structure of the chicken MHC class I glycoprotein is similar to HLA.