gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Reaction-Based Fluorescent Probe for Imaging of Formaldehyde in Living Cells (2015)

Formaldehyde (FA), in the 0.2-0.4 mM range, is produced and maintained endogenously via enzymatic pathways. At these levels, FA can promote cell proliferation as well as mediate memory formation. Once elevated, FA stress is known to induce cognitive impairments, memory loss, and neurodegeneration owing to its potent DNA and protein cross-linking mechanisms. Optical imaging is a powerful noninvasive approach used to study FA in living systems; however, biocompatible chemical probes for FA are currently lacking. Herein, we report the design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of Formaldehyde Probe 1 (FP1), a new fluorescent indicator based on the 2-aza-Cope sigmatropic rearrangement. The remarkable sensitivity, selectivity, and photostability of FP1 has enabled us to visualize FA in live HEK293TN and Neuroscreen-1 cells. We envision that FP1 will find widespread applications in the study of FA associated with normal and pathological processes.
Plagiochin E, a botanic-derived phenolic compound, reverses fungal resistance to fluconazole relating to the efflux pump (2008)

These results indicate that the combination of PLE and FLC may provide an approach for the clinical therapy of fungus infection induced by FLC-resistant strains.
Ksp-cadherin gene promoter. II. Kidney-specific activity in transgenic mice (1999)

Kidney-specific cadherin (Ksp-cadherin, cadherin 16) is a tissue-specific member of the cadherin superfamily that is expressed exclusively in the basolateral membrane of tubular epithelial cells in the kidney. To determine the basis for tissue-specific expression of Ksp-cadherin in vivo, we evaluated the activity of the promoter in transgenic mice. Transgenic mice containing 3.3 kb of the mouse Ksp-cadherin promoter and an Escherichia coli lacZ reporter gene were generated by pronuclear microinjection. Assays of beta-galactosidase enzyme activity showed that the transgene was expressed exclusively in the kidney in both adult and developing mice. Within the kidney, the transgene was expressed in a subset of renal tubular epithelial cells that endogenously expressed Ksp-cadherin and that were identified as collecting ducts by colabeling with Dolichos biflorus agglutinin. In the developing metanephros, expression of the transgene in the branching ureteric bud correlated with the developmental expression of Ksp-cadherin. Identical patterns of expression were observed in multiple founder mice, indicating that kidney specificity was independent of transgene integration site. However, heterocellular expression was observed consistent with repeat-induced gene silencing. We conclude that the Ksp-cadherin gene promoter directs kidney-specific expression in vivo. Regulatory elements that are sufficient to recapitulate the tissue- and differentiation-specific expression of Ksp-cadherin in the renal collecting duct are located within 3.3 kb upstream to the transcriptional start site.
PUBLIC HEALTH IN EASTERN MACEDONIA (1920)

In Macedonia a band of devoted, associated physicians fought the plagues of the nearer Orient, a splendid example of cosmopolitan coöperation. Here is the story as viewed by American eyes of a work which is fundemental in the removal of a very serious menace to the health of the world.
<font>TIO</font><sub>2</sub>BASED ELECTRORHEOLOGICAL FLUID WITH HIGH YIELD STRESS (2005)

We have fabricated several TiO 2 based ER fluids with doping and without designed doping, which exhibit the high yield stress up to more than 100kPa. The titanium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by using wet chemical method. The ER effect of those materials is dominated by the special additives, such as amide or its ramification, as well as the remained molecules or ions in the sample preparation. It is found that the yield stress is also strongly dependent on the viscosity of the oil. The prepared ER fluids possess other attractive characters, for instance the current density is low and against sedimentation.
The Effects of Axotomy Upon the Extrasynaptic Acetylcholine Sensitivity of An Identified Motoneurone in The Cockroach <i>Periplaneta Americana</i> (1982)

The effects of axotomy on the sensitivity of the fast coxal depressor motoneurone (Df) of the cockroach (Periplaneta americana) to applied acetylcholine (ACh) and carbamylcholine (CCh) have been investigated. ACh and CCh applied to the soma membrane either by bath perfusion or by ionophoresis caused depolarization; repeated application of large doses of these agonists resulted in a relatively rapid desensitization and depression of the response. Axotomy performed 3-10 days before recordings were made caused an approximately threefold increase in the sensitivity to ACh but had no affect upon the sensitivity to CCh. The resting potential, input resistance and membrane time-constant remained within the normal range. In addition there was no change in the rise-times of the responses or of the ACh reversal potential, or in the apparent number of ACh molecules needed to combine with individual cholinoceptors to produce a response. The anticholinesterases physostigmine and neostigmine potentiated the ACh response at relatively low concentrations (10(-7) M-10(-6) M). This potentiation was significantly greater in the normal cells than in the axotomized cells. It is therefore concluded that the increase in ACh sensitivity of this motoneurone results at least partly from a fall in the activity of cholinesterase in the region of the applied drug.
Biphasic Adrenergic Modulation of β-Adrenergic Receptors in Man (1980)

beta-Adrenergic receptors in mononuclear leukocyte preparations were assessed with (-)[(3)H]-dihydroalprenolol binding studies during the infusion of adrenergic agonists into normal human subjects. During the infusion of isoproterenol into seven subjects, mean (+/-SE) (-)[(3)H]dihydroalprenolol binding increased from 25+/-3 fmol/mg protein to 47+/-8 fmol/mg protein (P < 0.02) at 0.5 h and 40+/-3 fmol/mg protein (P < 0.01) at 1 h and decreased to 12+/-1 fmol/mg protein (P < 0.01) at 4-6 h. During the infusion of epinephrine into three subjects, mean (-)[(3)H]dihydroalprenolol binding increased from 32+/-3 to 63+/-3 fmol/mg protein (P < 0.01) at 0.5-1 h. By Scatchard plot analysis, these changes were attributable to changes in the number of available binding sites rather than changes in binding affinity. The observed changes in the number of (-)[(3)H]dihydroalprenolol binding sites were not paralleled by changes in total mononuclear cell counts or in T lymphocyte, B lymphocyte, and monocyte distributions. Thus, we conclude that adrenergic agonists modulate the number of available beta-adrenergic receptors on circulating mononuclear cells in a biphasic manner, with an early increment and a late decrement, in man. Further, the finding that the increase in pulse rate in response to a "pulse" infusion of isoproterenol was significantly greater after 0.5-1 h of agonist infusion suggests that the observed early agonist-induced increment in beta-adrenergic receptor number on circulating cells is paralleled by increments in extra-vascular beta-adrenergic receptor sensitivity.
Sampling schemes and detection algorithms for wideband spectrum sensing (2014)

This paper establishes a unified model for sub-Nyquist sampling and discusses different aliasing patterns inherent in sub-Nyquist sampling. Several sub-Nyquist sampling schemes are considered within the unified model. This paper also develops multi-channel detection for wideband spectrum sensing following a Bayesian rule based upon the new performance metrics we defined in earlier work. The paper shows that generalized co-prime sampling exhibits similar sensing performance to that of random sampling for the same performance metrics and detection algorithms, and is much easier to implement. Moreover, integer undersampling, which corresponds to the simplest sub-Nyquist sampling scheme and leads to periodic aliasing, appears to be advantageous over the more sophisticated sub-Nyquist sampling schemes in the regime that better protects the primary system.
NAD+-dependent DNA Ligase (Rv3014c) from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2005)

DNA ligases utilize either ATP or NAD+ as cofactors to catalyze the formation of phosphodiester bonds in nicked DNA. Those utilizing NAD+ are attractive drug targets because of the unique cofactor requirement for ligase activity. We report here the crystal structure of the adenylation domain of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis NAD+-dependent ligase with bound AMP. The adenosine nucleoside moiety of AMP adopts a syn-conformation. The structure also captures a new spatial disposition between the two subdomains of the adenylation domain. Based on the crystal structure and an in-house compound library, we have identified a novel class of inhibitors for the enzyme using in silico docking calculations. The glycosyl ureide-based inhibitors were able to distinguish between NAD+- and ATP-dependent ligases as evidenced by in vitro assays using T4 ligase and human DNA ligase I. Moreover, assays involving an Escherichia coli strain harboring a temperature-sensitive ligase mutant and a ligase-deficient Salmonella typhimurium strain suggested that the bactericidal activity of the inhibitors is due to inhibition of the essential ligase enzyme. The results can be used as the basis for rational design of novel antibacterial agents.
Distribution of haptoglobin phenotypes in oesophageal and gastric cancer. (1989)

Haptoglobin (Hp) phenotypes were studied in 72 oesophageal and 104 gastric cancer patients and compared with 100 healthy controls to see if there is any association between oesophageal and gastric cancer and haptoglobin type. There was a significantly increased frequency of Hp 2-1 (59.7%) and Hp 2-2 (91.3%) in oesophageal and gastric cancer patients. Our results suggest that genetic factors play a role in the aetiology and pathogenesis of gastrointestinal tract malignancy.
Localized Populations of CD8low/− MHC Class I Tetramer+ SIV-Specific T Cells in Lymphoid Follicles and Genital Epithelium (2009)

CD8 T cells play an important role in controlling viral infections. We investigated the in situ localization of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV)-specific T cells in lymph and genital tissues from SIV-infected macaques using MHC-class I tetramers. The majority of tetramer-binding cells localized in T cell zones and were CD8(+). Curiously, small subpopulations of tetramer-binding cells that had little to no surface CD8 were detected in situ both early and late post-infection, and in both vaginally and rectally inoculated macaques. These tetramer(+)CD8(low/-) cells were more often localized in apparent B cell follicles relative to T cell zones and more often found near or within the genital epithelium than the submucosa. Cells analyzed by flow cytometry showed similar populations of cells. Further immunohistological characterization revealed small populations of tetramer(+)CD20(-) cells inside B cell follicles and that tetramer(+) cells did not stain with gammadelta-TCR nor CD4 antibodies. Negative control tetramer staining indicated that tetramer(+)CD8(low/-) cells were not likely NK cells non-specifically binding to MHC tetramers. These findings have important implications for SIV-specific and other antigen-specific T cell function in these specific tissue locations, and suggest a model in which antigen-specific CD8+ T cells down modulate CD8 upon entering B cell follicles or the epithelial layer of tissues, or alternatively a model in which only antigen-specific CD8 T cells that down-modulate CD8 can enter B cell follicles or the epithelium.
Topological Anderson Insulator in Three Dimensions (2010)

We show that disorder, when sufficiently strong, can transform an ordinary metal with strong spin-orbit coupling into a strong topological "Anderson" insulator, a new topological phase of quantum matter in three dimensions characterized by disordered insulating bulk and topologically protected conducting surface states.
cDNA Cloning of the Human Peroxisomal Enoyl-CoA Hydratase: 3-Hydroxyacyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Bifunctional Enzyme and Localization to Chromosome 3q26.3-3q28: A Free Left Alu Arm Is Inserted in the 3′ Noncoding Region (1994)

Enoyl-CoA hydratase:3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase bifunctional enzyme is one of the four enzymes of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway. Here, we report the full-length human cDNA sequence and the localization of the corresponding gene on chromosome 3q26.3-3q28. The cDNA sequence spans 3779 nucleotides with an open reading frame of 2169 nucleotides. The tripeptide SKL at the carboxy terminus, known to serve as a peroxisomal targeting signal, is present. DNA sequence comparison of the coding region showed an 80% homology between human and rat bifunctional enzyme cDNA. The 3' noncoding sequence contains 117 nucleotides homologous to an Alu repeat. Based on sequence comparison, we propose that these nucleotides are a free left Alu arm with 86% homology to the Alu-J family. RNA analysis shows one band with highest intensity in liver and kidney. This cDNA will allow in-depth studies of molecular defects in patients with defective peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme. Moreover, it will also provide a means for studying the regulation of peroxisomal beta-oxidation in humans.
A New Self‐Aligned Planar Oxidation Technology (1987)

This paper presents a new self‐aligned planar oxidation technology (SPOT) developed as an isolation process for obtaining highly uniform planar surfaces in very‐high‐speed bipolar LSI's. In the SPOT isolation process, low temperature (900°C) high pressure (0.8 MPa) oxidation is used. Planarity is found to be independent of the selective oxidation temperature and oxide thickness. Furthermore, no dislocation is generated in this process. A low leakage current vs. high voltage breakdown characteristic is obtained between isolated islands. The results confirm SPOT to be very effective for the low temperature isolation indispensable to realizing very‐high‐speed bipolar large scale integrated circuits (LSI's).
Enhancing the performance of mobile communications systems (2002)

This paper describes and quantitatively evaluates a new cell design method and new radio link control procedures that increase the capacity of micro-macrocell systems. The cell design method is based on a technique of predicting the location of mobile subscribers in the base station area. The first part of this paper outlines prediction strategies and their precision. The second part describes a new cell selection method intended for use with a micro-macrocell overlay cell layout and shows that this method reduces the base station processing load. This paper also considers channel assignment algorithms and handover algorithms for microcell systems. Specific examples of these approaches are shown for the second-generation Japanese personal digital cellular system.
Range Extension for Buxbaumia minakatae (1969)

The known range of Buxbaumia minakatae Okam. is extended from the state of New York to the Southern Appalachian Mountains in western North Carolina. In a recent article by Iwatsuki and Sharp (1967), the known range of the rare Buxbaumia minakatae Okam. was given as Japan and Siberia in Asia and Cape Breton Island, New York, and Michigan in northeastern North America. In 1965 I collected a specimen (Hicks 1062) about 16 miles southeast of Boone in Watauga County in the Blue Ridge section of western North Carolina. It was growing on a rotting log at an elevation of 4,000 feet. This collection extends the range of the species well into the southern Appalachian Mountains. The plants agree with the description of the species as given by Iwatsuki and Sharp, having a spore size of 10-124, capsule length of 4.3 mm (average of 25 capsules), and a ratio of 3.6 in length to width of the capsule. The collection has been divided and material deposited in the herbaria of the University of Tennessee, Duke University, and the author. LITERATURE CITED IWATSUKI, Z. & A. J. SHARP. 1967. The bryogeographical relationships between Eastern Asia and North America, I. Jour. Hattori Bot. Lab. No. 30: 152-170. 1 Contribution from the Botanical Laboratory, University of Tenessee, New Series No. 318. I thank Dr. A. J. Sharp for identifying the material. 2Department of Botany, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37916. Fissidens asplenioides on the Gulf Coastal Plain WILLIAM D. REESE AND ANDREW W. WESTLING1 Abstract. Fissidens asplenioides Hedw. is reported from a second station in Mississippi and from adiacent Louisiana, over 300 miles from the nearest previously known locality. The new stations are well within the Gulf coastal plain. Fissidens asplenioides Hedw. was reported as new to the United States by Crum and Anderson (1965) and Wilkes (1965) upon specimens from Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The Mississippi specimens were all from Tishomingo 1 Department of Biology, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana 70501. Fissidens asplenioides Hedw. is reported from a second station in Mississippi and from adiacent Louisiana, over 300 miles from the nearest previously known locality. The new stations are well within the Gulf coastal plain. Fissidens asplenioides Hedw. was reported as new to the United States by Crum and Anderson (1965) and Wilkes (1965) upon specimens from Mississippi, North Carolina, and South Carolina. The Mississippi specimens were all from Tishomingo 1 Department of Biology, University of Southwestern Louisiana, Lafayette, Louisiana 70501. This content downloaded from 157.55.39.92 on Wed, 22 Jun 2016 05:00:07 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms
Bread : A Baker's Book of Techniques and Recipes Ed. 2 (2012)

When Bread was first published in 2004, it received the Julia Child Award for best First Book and became an instant classic.  Hailed as a “masterwork of bread baking literature,” Jeffrey Hamelman’s Bread features 140 detailed, step-by-step formulas for versatile sourdough ryes; numerous breads made with pre-ferments; and simple, straight dough loaves.  Here, the bread baker and student will discover a diverse collection of flavors, tastes, and textures; hundreds of drawings that vividly illustrate techniques; and four-color photographs of finished and decorative breads.
Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus in Parkinson's Disease Does Not Produce Striatal Dopamine Release (2003)

Our results suggest that STN stimulation does not mediate its anti-PD effects via the release of dopamine, as assessed with [(11)C]raclopride displacement.
Impaired Preadipocyte Differentiation in Human Abdominal Obesity (2009)

The apparent number of preadipocytes in the abdominal subcutaneous tissue that can undergo differentiation is reduced in obesity with enlarged fat cells, possibly because of increased MAP4K4 levels. TNF-alpha promoted a macrophage-like phenotype of the preadipocytes, including several macrophage markers. These results document the plasticity of human preadipocytes and the inverse relationship between lipid storage and proinflammatory capacity.
Regulation of lipoprotein lipase synthesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by interleukin-11/adipogenesis inhibitory factor. (1994)

Interleukin-11/adipogenesis inhibitory factor (IL-11/AGIF) inhibits adipogenesis and suppresses lipoprotein lipase (EC3.1.1.34, LPL) activity in adipocytes (1,2). We investigated the mechanism of suppression of LPL activity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes by IL-11/AGIF. Incubation of adipocytes with 50 ng/ml of IL-11/AGIF led to a 75% decrease in LPL activity within 8 hours, whereas LPL mRNA level decreased by less than 30%. The LPL synthesis, as judged by the incorporation of 35S-label into immunoprecipitable LPL, decreased at almost the same rate over the same time period as enzyme activity. The degradation rate was not significantly affected by IL-11/AGIF. These data suggest that regulation of the synthesis of the enzyme protein is at least one of the main steps in the suppression of LPL by IL-11/AGIF in 3T3-L1 adipocytes.
A COMPARISON OF THE EFFICIENCY OF MANUAL AND AUTOMATIC DISHWASHING FOR THE REMOVAL OF BACTERIA FROM DOMESTIC CROCKERY (1983)

A comparison was made between dinner plates washed by hand and dried by tea towel, and plates washed in a dishwasher. The results indicate that during hand washing and drying the total number of bacteria found on the plates increased seven‐fold. Mechanical dishwashing almost totally removed naturally occurring bacteria from the plates; bacteria were also almost completely removed from plates artificially contaminated with a culture of Escherichia coli.
Targeting a Mimotope Vaccine to Activating Fcγ Receptors Empowers Dendritic Cells to Prime Specific CD8+ T Cell Responses in Tumor-Bearing Mice (2009)

A major challenge for inducing antitumor immune responses with native or modified tumor/self-Ags in tumor-bearing hosts relates to achieving efficient uptake and processing by dendritic cells (DCs) to activate immune effector cells and limit the generation of regulatory T cell activity. We analyzed the ability of therapeutic DC vaccines expressing a CD166 cross-reactive mimotope of the GD2 ganglioside, 47-LDA, to selectively expand adoptively transferred, tumor-specific T cells in NXS2 neuroblastoma tumor-bearing syngeneic mice. Before the adoptive cell transfer and DC vaccination, the tumor-bearing mice were lymphodepleted by nonmyeloablative total body irradiation or a myeloablative regimen that required bone marrow transplantation. The 47-LDA mimotope was presented to DCs either as a linear polypeptide in conjunction with universal Th epitopes or as a fusion protein with the murine IgG2a Fc fragment (47-LDA-Fcgamma2a) to deliver the antigenic cassette to the activating Fcgamma receptors. We demonstrate that immunization of adoptively transferred T cells in tumor-bearing mice with the 47-LDA mimotope expressed in the context of the activating Fc fusion protein induced higher levels of antitumor immune responses and protection than the 47-LDA polypeptide-DC vaccine. The antitumor efficacy of the therapeutic 47-LDA-Fcgamma2a-DC vaccine was comparable to that achieved by a virotherapy-associated cancer vaccine using a recombinant oncolytic vaccinia virus expressing the 47-LDA-Fcgamma2a fusion protein. The latter treatment, however, did not require total body irradiation or adoptive cell transfer and resulted in induction of antitumor immune responses in the setting of established tolerance, paving the way for testing novel anticancer treatment strategies.
Characterization of the Follicular Dendritic Cell Reservoir of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (2008)

Throughout the natural course of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) trap and retain large quantities of particle-associated HIV RNA in the follicles of secondary lymphoid tissue. We have previously found that murine FDCs in vivo could maintain trapped virus particles in an infectious state for at least 9 months. Here we sought to determine whether human FDCs serve as an HIV reservoir, based on the criteria that virus therein must be replication competent, genetically diverse, and archival in nature. We tested our hypothesis using postmortem cells and tissues obtained from three HIV-infected subjects and antemortem blood samples obtained from one of these subjects. Replication competence was determined using coculture, while genetic diversity and the archival nature of virus were established using phylogenetic and population genetics methods. We found that FDC-trapped virus was replication competent and demonstrated greater genetic diversity than that of virus found in most other tissues and cells. Antiretrovirus-resistant variants that were not present elsewhere were also detected on FDCs. Furthermore, genetic similarity was observed between FDC-trapped HIV and viral species recovered from peripheral blood mononuclear cells obtained 21 and 22 months antemortem, but was not present in samples obtained 4 and 18 months prior to the patient's death, indicating that FDCs can archive HIV. These data indicate that FDCs represent a significant reservoir of infectious and diverse HIV, thereby providing a mechanism for viral persistence for months to years.