gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Myocardial T1 mapping and extracellular volume quantification: an overview of technical and biological confounders (2017)

Novel tissue biomarkers based on the spin-lattice relaxation time T1, a fundamental property in the theory of magnetic resonance physics, have emerged as a new approach for myocardial tissue characterization with many validated clinical applications. This article is intended as an overview of the physical and physiological mechanisms underlying the interpretation and the accuracy of any practical measurement of T1, or derived biomarkers such as extravascular volume fraction, and also includes a discussion of potential pitfalls. Numerous caveats und knowledge gaps related to the precise interpretation of T1-based biomarkers remain, which are being addressed incrementally through ongoing research. Equally important, further careful standardization will pave the way for a wider clinical translation of these novel T1-based biomarkers of tissue remodeling, which have been well validated for their sensitivity to pathophysiological changes, though for the most part in single-center studies.
The Research of Open Architecture for PC-based CNC System (2003)

Industrialization of open CNC depends on open architecture constituted.This paper analyzed several open architectures for PC based CNC system.and discussed the topic of open degree for open CNC and discussed the problems that need to be solved.
Edge-Assisted Rendering of 360° Videos Streamed to Head-Mounted Virtual Reality (2018)

Over the past years, 360° video streaming is getting popular. Watching these videos with Head-Mounted Displays (HMDs), also known as Virtual Reality (VR) headsets, gives more immersive experience than using traditional planar monitors. To fulfill a real immersive experience, there are several challenges, such as high bandwidth consumption, latency-sensitive, and heterogeneous HMD devices. In this paper, we propose an edge-assisted 360° video streaming system, which leverages edge servers to render viewports for viewers of 360° videos. We formulate an optimization problem to determine which HMD clients should be served by the edge server. We design an algorithm to solve this problem, and implement a real testbed as a proof-of-concept. The resulting edge-assisted 360° video streaming system is extensively evaluated with a public 360° viewing dataset. Leveraging edge servers, we reduce the bandwidth usage and computational workload on HMD clients. Moreover, lower network latency is achieved. The evaluation results show that compared to current 360° video streaming platforms, our edge-assisted rendering platform: (i) saves up to 62% in bandwidth consumption, (ii) achieves higher viewing quality, (iii) reduces the computation workload for those lightweight HMDs, and (iv) saves the battery life of HMD clients.
Mixing Time Analysis Using Colorimetric Methods and Image Processing (2007)

A new image analysis technique is proposed to determine the macromixing time in a transparent stirred tank. It consists of capturing on video a decolorization process by using a fast acid−base indicator reaction and employing image analysis to quantify the color evolution. The color change is quantified by means of individual thresholds on the RGB color model and provides a direct measurement of the macromixing evolution as it can be seen by an operator in front of the vessel. It is shown that this technique removes the subjectivity of the estimation of macromixing time by the naked eye, has a high degree of reliability and repeatability, and can yield accurate macromixing information by considering the possible presence of segregated regions and dead zones. Moreover, applications show that the macromixing curves bring new insights to study and compare mixing efficiency of different impellers or multiple impeller mixing systems.
Acute neurological crisis: A toxicological commentary (1989)

SUMMARY In the present case the clinical signs, despite their florid nature, are rather non‐specific. The same is true of the post mortem findings. That makes presumptive diagnosis hazardous. There is no specific reason to suspect poisoning on the basis of circumstantial or factual evidence of exposure, from clinical signs or from the pathological investigations. In these circumstances and in the absence therefore of any indication as to the agent sought, it would be impossible to proceed with chemical analysis. Even if analysis is possible the likely costs and the legal and epidemiological value of the information must be considered. It is a wise policy to discourage clients from pursuing litigation in cases of putative intoxication unless the losses are substantial and the evidence clear cut.
Amorphe Metallfluoride mit außergewöhnlich großer spezifischer Oberfläche (2003)

Supersauer, hochaktiv: Eine neue zweistufige Syntheseroute zu oberflächenreichen Metallfluoriden wird vorgestellt, mit der amorphes AlF3 mit einer BET(N2)-Oberfläche von über 200 m2 g−1 erhalten wurde (siehe SEM-Aufnahme). Dieses als HS-AlF3 bezeichnete Material weist eine sehr hohe Lewis-Acidität und eine dementsprechend hohe katalytische Aktivität auf.
Pyronin B as a donor for <i>n</i>-type doping of organic thin films (2003)

We present an approach to stable n-type doping of organic matrices using organic dopands. To circumvent stability limitations inherent in strong organic donors, we produce the donor from a stable precursor compound in situ. As an example, pyronin B chloride is studied as a dopant in a 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetracarboxylic dianhydride matrix. Conductivities up to 2×10−4 S/cm are obtained, which is two orders of magnitude higher than obtained previously using bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene as a dopant [A. Nollau, M. Pfeiffer, T. Fritz, and K. Leo, J. Appl. Phys. 87, 4340 (2000)]. Field-effect measurements are used to prove n-type conduction. Other matrices which can be doped are N,N′-dimethyl-perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide and fullerene C60, frequently used in organic solar cells. Visible light and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirm the donor properties of pyronin B.
Temperature, Supplemental Lighting, and Chloromequat Chloride Effects on Flowering of Geranium Seedlings (1986)

Abstract The time between sowing and flowering (crop cycle) of geranium Pelargonium × hortorum Bailey was affected by light, temperature, chloromequat chloride (CCC), and cultivar. A minimum daily light integral of 17 mol·d −1 ·m −2 , provided by high-pressure sodium lamps (HPS) prior to transplanting, accelerated flower initiation. HPS, low pressure sodium (LPS), and metal halide (MH) lamps, used as supplemental light after transplanting, reduced the crop cycle significantly compared to incandescent (INC) or natural light only. Crop cycles were similar among the HPS, LPS, and MH lamp treatments when equal-input lamp wattage was used per unit growing area, even though PPF values at the plant canopy varied. Plants grown at 21° and 27°C had a 5- to 15-day-shorter crop cycle than plants grown at 18° and 21°. Generally CCC reduced the crop cycle, but not consistently for all cultivar and lighting combinations. Chemical names used: 2-chloro- N , N , N -trimethylethanaminium chloride [chloromequat chloride (CCC)].
Cancer chemoresistance: The relationship between p53 and multidrug transporters (2002)

Extensive studies indicate that both p53 and multidrug transporters play important roles in chemoresistance. Since the initial reports a decade ago demonstrating a transcriptional dependence of the ABCB1 gene (MDR) promoter by p53, much data have been accumulated. However, despite being the subject of intense study, this p53-MDR relationship remains unclear in human cancers. The data are confounded by variable and contrasting results when considering the in vitro regulation and attempting to draw parallels in tissue specimens. The original model suggested that wild-type p53 downregulates the ABCB1 promoter, whereas mutant p53 increases expression of ABCB1. This review summarizes the data for and against this hypothesis. What emerges from these studies is a complex picture, where data have been obtained in support of this hypothesis, but there are also many circumstances where it is not supported. Taken together, these data suggest that the relationship between p53 and multidrug transporters is conditional. It is dependent on cellular environment, the drug used, and the nature of the p53 mutation.
Automated chemical instrumentation of the future (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomated chemical instrumentation of the futureJack W. FrazerCite this: Acc. Chem. Res. 1974, 7, 5, 141–147Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ar50077a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ar50077a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views78Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved Helicopter Aeromechanical Stability Analysis Using Segmented Constrained Layer Damping and Hybrid Optimization (2000)

Aeromechanical stability plays a critical role in helicopter design and lead-lag damping is crucial to this design. In this paper, the use of segmented constrained damping layer (SCL) treatment and composite tailoring is investigated for improved rotor aeromechanical stability using formal optimization technique. The principal load-carrying member in the rotor blade is represented by a composite box beam, of arbitrary thickness, with surface bonded SCLs. A comprehensive theory is used to model the smart box beam. A ground resonance analysis model and an air resonance analysis model are implemented in the rotor blade built around the composite box beam with SCLs. The Pitt-Peters dynamic inflow model is used in air resonance analysis under hover condition. A hybrid optimization technique is used to investigate the optimum design of the composite box beam with surface bonded SCLs for improved damping characteristics. Parameters such as stacking sequence of the composite laminates and placement of SCLs are used as design variables. Detailed numerical studies are presented. It is shown that optimum blade design yields significant increase in rotor lead-lag regressive modal damping compared to the initial system.
Testing a Cloud Provider Network for Hybrid P2P and Cloud Streaming Architectures (2011)

The number of online real-time streaming services deployed over network topologies like P2P or centralized ones has remarkably increased in the recent years. This has revealed the lack of networks that are well prepared to respond to this kind of traffic. A hybrid distribution network can be an efficient solution for real-time streaming services. This paper contains the experimental results of streaming distribution in a hybrid architecture that consist of mixed connections among P2P and Cloud nodes that can interoperate together. We have chosen to represent the P2P nodes as Planet Lab machines over the world and the cloud nodes using a Cloud provider's network. First we present an experimental validation of the Cloud infrastructure's ability to distribute streaming sessions with respect to some key streaming QoS parameters: jitter, throughput and packet losses. Next we show the results obtained from different test scenarios, when a hybrid distribution network is used. The scenarios measure the improvement of the multimedia QoS parameters, when nodes in the streaming distribution network (located in different continents) are gradually moved into the Cloud provider infrastructure. The overall conclusion is that the QoS of a streaming service can be efficiently improved, unlike in traditional P2P systems and CDN, by deploying a hybrid streaming architecture. This enhancement can be obtained by strategic placing of certain distribution network nodes into the Cloud provider infrastructure, taking advantage of the reduced packet loss and low latency that exists among its datacenters.
Experience clip (2004)

This paper describes experiences from using a field testing technique for collecting user experience information for evaluating mobile applications used in everyday life. Our technique is based on the usage of mobile camera phones that are used for capturing video and audio during the use of the mobile application. The users helped researchers in collecting user experience material by shooting the video clips themselves. To our surprise they also started to participate actively by presenting "miniplays" in the clips to make their point clear. Our results show that with this technique we can get richer emotional material and more versatile usage situations than with traditional observation methods, and additionally there is clearly a yet unexplored potential to develop a more systematic design method around participation.
Lactobacillus‐ and bifidobacterium‐mediated antigenotoxicity in the colon of rats (1996)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are proposed to have several beneficial effects, including the inactivation of carcinogens. We have studied the potential of Lactobacillus acidophilus (from a commercially available yogurt), Lactobacillus gasseri (P79), Lactobacillus confusus (DSM20196), Streptococcus thermophilus (NCIM 50083), Bifidobacterium breve and Bifidobacterium longum (from human infant stool) to prevent the induction of DNA damage by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG, 7.5 mg/kg body wt) in colon cells of the rat. Using the new technique of single cell microgel electrophoresis, all investigated strains were antigenotoxic toward MNNG after a single dose of 10(10) viable cells/kg body wt p.o. eight hours before the carcinogen. One-half and one-tenth of this initial dose resulted in a loss of protective activity. High doses of heat-treated L. acidophilus strains were also not antigenotoxic. One mechanism of the preventive effect could be that bacterial metabolites or components are responsible. Accordingly, selected examples were investigated in vitro in colon cells of the rat. Metabolically active L. acidophilus cells, as well as an acetone extract of the culture, prevented MNNG-induced DNA damage. Different cell fractions from L. acidophilus (cytoplasm, cell wall skeleton, cell wall) were devoid of antigenotoxic activity, whereas the peptidoglycan fraction and whole freeze-dried cells were antigenotoxic. As a second carcinogen, 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH) was used. A dose- and time-response study was first performed to assess the effects of DMH in several segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Exposure for 16 hours to 15 or 25 mg DMH/kg body wt p.o. induced DNA damage in cells of the distal colon of rats, whereas no cytotoxicity was seen. Pretreatment orally with LAB on four consecutive mornings before DMH gavage (8 hours after the last LAB application) revealed that L. acidophilus, L. confusus, L. gasseri, B. longum, and B. breve inhibited the genotoxic effect of DMH. One of four S. thermophilus and one of three Lactobacillus delbrueckeii ssp. bulgaricus strains were also protective. Heat-treated L. acidophilus did not inhibit DMH-induced genotoxicity. A few aliquots of the colon cells were processed immunohistochemically for the presence of the "proliferation cell nuclear antigen" (PCNA). DMH treatment did not increase PCNA, nor was there any modulation by LAB. The effect of L. acidophilus on foreign compound-metabolizing enzymes (Phase I and Phase II) in liver and colon cells of rats revealed only one parameter to be modulated, namely, a two- to three-fold increase in the levels of NADPH-cytochrome P-450 reductase. The meaning of this finding, in terms of possible chemoprevention by LAB, remains unclear. In conclusion, our studies show that most, but not all, LAB tested could strongly inhibit genotoxicity in the GI tract of the rat and that viable LAB organisms are required for the protective effect in vivo. The comet assay technique is a powerful tool to elucidate such in vivo antigenotoxic activities in tumor target tissues.
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication in Vitro in Acutely and Persistently Infected Human CD4+ Mononuclear Cells Expressing Murine and Humanized Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Tat Single-Chain Variable Fragment Intrabodies (1999)

We have previously reported that a murine anti-Tat sFv intrabody, termed sFvtat1Ck, directed against the proline-rich N-terminal activation domain of HIV-1, is a potent inhibitor of HIV-1 replication [Mhashilkar, A. M., et al. (1995). EMBO J. 14, 1542-1551]. In this study, the protective effect of sFvtat1Ck expression on HIV-1 replication in both acutely infected and persistently infected CD4+ cells was examined. Stably transfected CD4+ SupT1 cells were resistant to HIV-1 infection at high MOI with both the laboratory isolate HxB2 and six syncytium-inducing (SI) primary isolates. Persistently infected U1 cells, which can be induced to increase HIV-1 mRNA synthesis on addition of PMA or TNF-alpha, showed decreased production of HIV-1 in the presence of sFvtat1Ck. In transduced CD4+-selected, CD8+-depleted, and total PMBCs, the sFvtat1Ck-expressing cells showed marked inhibition of HIV-1 replication. The anti-Tat sFv was subsequently humanized by substituting compatible human framework regions that were chosen from a large database of human V(H) and V(L) sequences on the basis of high overall framework matching, similar CDR length, and minimal mismatching of canonical and V(H)/V(L) contact residues. One humanized anti-Tat sFv intrabody, termed sFvhutat2, demonstrated a level of anti-HIV-1 activity that was comparable to the parental murine sFv when transduced PBMCs expressing the murine or humanized sFv intrabodies were challenged with HxB2 and two SI primary isolates. Because Tat is likely to have both direct and indirect effects in the pathogenesis of AIDS through its multiple roles in the HIV-1 life cycle and through its effects on the immune system, the strategy of genetically blocking Tat protein function with a humanized anti-Tat sFv intrabody may prove useful for the treatment of HIV-1 infection and AIDS, particularly when used as an adjuvant gene therapy together with highly active antiretroviral therapies that are currently available.
Nucleotide sequences recognized by the AGAMOUS MADS domain of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana in vitro</i> (1993)

The AGAMOUS gene of Arabidopsis thaliana is a homeotic gene involved in the development of stamens and carpels. This gene encodes a putative DNA-binding protein sharing a homologous region with the DNA-binding domains, MADS boxes, of yeast MCM1 and mammalian SRF. To examine the DNA-binding activity of the AGAMOUS protein, double-stranded oligonucleotides with random sequences of 40 bp in the central region were synthesized and mixed with the AGAMOUS MADS domain overproduced in Escherichia coli. Oligonucleotides which bound to the MADS domain were recovered by repeated immunoprecipitation with an antibody which recognizes the overproduced protein. From a comparison of the recovered DNA sequences, the consensus sequence of the high-affinity binding-sites for the AGAMOUS MADS domain was determined to be 5'-TT(A/T/G) CC(A/T)6GG(A/T/C)AA-3'. DNase I footprinting and methylation interference experiments showed that the MADS domain binds to this motif. Comparisons with the binding-site sequences of other MADS-box proteins revealed that the MCM1 binding-sites in a-mating type-specific promoters of Saccharomyces cerevisiae show similarities with the binding-site sequence of the AGAMOUS MADS domain. A synthetic MCM1 binding-site in the upstream region of the STE2 gene is recognized by the AGAMOUS MADS domain.
Effect of temperature on the consistency of asphalts (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffect of temperature on the consistency of asphaltsH. G. Nevitt and L. C. KrchmaCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1937, 9, 3, 119–122Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1937https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50107a006RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views51Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (466 KB) Get e-Alerts