gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1-Allyl-3-propylthiourea modified mesoporous silica for mercury removal (2002)

1-Allyl-3-propylthiourea modified mesoporous silica has high adsorption capacity for mercury ions and its regeneration can be accomplished by washing with 10% thiourea in aqueous 0.05 M HCl.
Sensing in liquids using acoustic plate mode devices (1987)

Acoustic plate mode devices fabricated on ST-quartz and operating at 158 MHz have been used to measure both liquid viscosity and changes in surface mass caused by accumulation of species from a liquid. A new model is proposed to explain the observed perturbation in plate mode propagation characteristics caused by viscous coupling of liquids and by mass accumulation at the solid/liquid interface. Measurements confirm the dependence of plate mode attenuation on the square root of viscosity and of velocity perturbation on surface mass density.
SPICE: A new general seismic attribute (2004)

A new general seismic attribute has been developed based on wavelet transform decomposition and singularity analysis of migrated seismic data. The new attribute provides a layered model of the subsurface that is rich in structural and stratigraphic detail, and thus compliments coherence and impedance attributes.
Pose Aware Fine-Grained Visual Classification Using Pose Experts (2018)

We focus on the problem of fine-grained visual classification (FGVC). We posit that unreasonable effectiveness of the state-of-the-art in this area is because of similar object categories present in the ImageNet dataset, which allows such models to be pretrained on a much larger set of samples and learn generic features for those object categories. We observe an important and often ignored additional structure present in an FGVC problem: the objects are captured from a small set of viewing angles only. We notice that subtle differences between object categories are difficult to pick from an arbitrary angle but easier to identify from a similar pose. We show in this paper that training specialized pose experts, focusing on classification from a single, fixed pose, and combining them in an ensemble style framework successfully exploits the structure in the problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on the benchmark Stanford Cars, FGVC-Aircrafts, and DeepFashion datasets. To highlight the contribution when the target category features may not be available in a pretrained network, we test on footwear class. We contribute a new 1000 object, 12 category footwear dataset, each object captured from 4 different poses and show significant improvement on this dataset.
The antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transition in iron-rhodium alloys (1970)

The critical field required to induce this transition in Fe-Rh alloys close to the equiatomic composition has been measured using pulsed magnetic fields up to 280 kOe. Measurements of the thermal expansion and high field magnetization have also been carried out. It is found that application of Kittel's theory of exchange inversion to the results leads to serious numerical discrepancies. A four sublattice model is developed which indicates the importance of the excess entropy of the ferromagnetic over the antiferromagnetic phase in exciting the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transition. The exchange iteration β between iron sublattices is small and negative and, although its lattice parameter dependence is large and positive, there is no suggestion of exchange inversion corresponding to a change in sign of β at the antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic transition. Thus the ferromagnetic state is stabilized by the excess entropy even in the presence of antiferromagnetic interactions and this stability is maintained right up to the Curie temperature
Optimal Placement of Social Digital Twins in Edge IoT Networks (2020)

In next-generation Internet of Things (IoT) deployments, every object such as a wearable device, a smartphone, a vehicle, and even a sensor or an actuator will be provided with a digital counterpart (twin) with the aim of augmenting the physical object's capabilities and acting on its behalf when interacting with third parties. Moreover, such objects can be able to interact and autonomously establish social relationships according to the Social Internet of Things (SIoT) paradigm. In such a context, the goal of this work is to provide an optimal solution for the social-aware placement of IoT digital twins (DTs) at the network edge, with the twofold aim of reducing the latency (i) between physical devices and corresponding DTs for efficient data exchange, and (ii) among DTs of friend devices to speed-up the service discovery and chaining procedures across the SIoT network. To this aim, we formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear programming model taking into account limited computing resources in the edge cloud and social relationships among IoT devices.
Doppler Measurement Accuracy in Standard and High-Sensitivity GNSS Receivers (2010)

Doppler frequency estimates generated by a GNSS receiver are essential for the evaluation of the user velocity. In this paper, a theoretical framework allowing the evaluation of Doppler measurement accuracy is introduced. The variance of Doppler estimates is related to the Carrier-to-Noise density power ratio (C/N0) and the type of processing adopted by the receiver. Both standard sequential and highsensitivity receivers adopting block processing techniques are considered. A general formula quantifying the Doppler variance is derived and applied to these two receiver architectures. Moreover, the concept of Doppler bandwidth is introduced for quantifying the amount of input noise transferred to the final Doppler estimates. The generality of the theory is validated using live GPS data and a good agreement between theoretical and empirical results is found.
Antiulcerogenic Activity and Toxicity of<i>Bauhinia holophylla</i>Hydroalcoholic Extract (2015)

Several species of Bauhinia are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal diseases, diabetes, and inflammation, among other conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiulcer effect of a hydroalcoholic extract from the leaves of B. holophylla. The chemical profile of the extract was determined by HPLC-PAD-ESI-IT-MS. A dose-effect relation was constructed using the ethanol-induced gastric ulcer model in male Wistar rats. Histological analyses and studies of antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were performed in stomach samples. The involvement of SH compounds, NO, K(+) ATP channels, and α 2-adrenergic receptors in the gastroprotective effect was evaluated. A toxicity study was performed with a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg. The extract was composed mainly of cyanoglucoside and flavonol-O-glycosides derivatives of quercetin and myricetin. SH compounds, NO release, K(+) ATP channel activation, and presynaptic α 2-adrenergic receptor stimulation each proved to be involved in the antiulcer effect. The levels of GSH and activity of GR and GPx were increased, and the levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-10 were modulated. There was an antidiarrheal effect and there were no signs of toxicity. B. holophylla presents antiulcer activity mainly by decreasing oxidative stress and attenuating the inflammatory response, without inducing side effects.
Bridging the Gap Between Value and Policy Based Reinforcement Learning (2017)

We establish a new connection between value and policy based reinforcement learning (RL) based on a relationship between softmax temporal value consistency and policy optimality under entropy regularization. Specifically, we show that softmax consistent action values correspond to optimal entropy regularized policy probabilities along any action sequence, regardless of provenance. From this observation, we develop a new RL algorithm, Path Consistency Learning (PCL), that minimizes a notion of soft consistency error along multi-step action sequences extracted from both on- and off-policy traces. We examine the behavior of PCL in different scenarios and show that PCL can be interpreted as generalizing both actor-critic and Q-learning algorithms. We subsequently deepen the relationship by showing how a single model can be used to represent both a policy and the corresponding softmax state values, eliminating the need for a separate critic. The experimental evaluation demonstrates that PCL significantly outperforms strong actor-critic and Q-learning baselines across several benchmarks.
Growth and adherence of Staphylococcus aureus were enhanced through the PGE2 produced by the activated COX-2/PGE2 pathway of infected oral epithelial cells (2017)

Staphylococcus aureus is a major pathogen of varieties of oral mucous infection. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is a pro-inflammatory factor and Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is a critical enzyme of PGE2 biosynthesis. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether Staphylococcus aureus can increase PGE2 production of oral epithelial cells and how PGE2 functions in the growth and adherence of Staphylococcus aureus. mRNA levels of COX-2, fnbpA and fnbpB were estimated by quantitative PCR. PGE2 production was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). The binding biomass of Staphylococcus aureus to human fibronectin was investigated by crystal violet staining and confocal laser scanning microscopy and the adherent force was measured by atomic force microscope (AFM). The COX-2 mRNA level and PGE2 production were increased by Staphylococcus aureus. PGE2 promoted the growth and biofilm formation of Staphylococcus aureus, enhanced the attachment of Staphylococcus aureus to the human fibronectin as well as to the HOK cells. The transcription of fnbpB was up-regulated by PGE2 in both early and middle exponential phase but not fnbpA. These results suggest that the activation of COX-2/PGE2 pathway in oral epithelial cell by Staphylococcus aureus can in turn facilitate the growth and the ability to adhere of the pathogen. These findings uncover a new function of PGE2 and may lead to the potential of COX-2/PGE2 targeting in the therapy of inflammation and cancer in both which the COX-2/PGE2 pathway were observed activated.
Inertial lift enhanced phase partitioning for continuous microfluidic surface energy based sorting of particles (2012)

A new microfluidics technique that exploits the selectivity of phase partitioning and high-speed focusing capabilities of the inertial effects in flow was developed for continuous label-free sorting of particles and cells. Separations were accomplished by introducing particles at the interface of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and dextran (DEX) phases in rectangular high aspect-ratio microfluidic channels and allowing them to partition to energetically favorable locations within the PEG phase, DEX phase or interface at the center of the microchannel. Separation of partitioned particles was further enhanced via inertial lift forces that develop in high aspect-ratio microchannels that move particles to equilibrium positions close to the outer wall. Combining phase partitioning with inertial focusing ensures selectivity is possible using phase partitioning with sufficient throughput (at least an order of magnitude greater than phase partitioning alone) for application in the clinical and research setting. Using this system we accomplished separation of 15 μm polystyrene (PS) particles from 1-20 μm polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) particles. Results confirm the feasibility of separation based on phase partitioning and enhancement of separation via inertial focusing. Approximately 86% of PS particles were isolated within the PEG phase whereas 78% of PMMA particles were isolated within the DEX phase. When a binary mixture of PS and PMMA was introduced within the device, ~83% of PS particles were isolated in the PEG phase and ~74% of PMMA particles were isolated in the DEX phase. These results confirm the feasibility of this technique for rapid and reliable separation of particles and potentially cells.
<i>Cryptococcus neoformans</i> Produces Authentic Prostaglandin E <sub>2</sub> without a Cyclooxygenase (2006)

Many single-celled eukaryotes produce prostaglandin-like molecules, but these have not been absolutely verified by mass spectrometry. We have isolated, and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, authentic prostaglandin E(2) from Cryptococcus neoformans. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors did not inhibit prostaglandin synthesis, and the cryptococcal genome lacks a cyclooxygenase homolog. Thus, novel enzymes must exist.
The Mechanism of Androgen Actions in PCOS Etiology (2019)

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most common endocrine condition in reproductive-age women. By comprising reproductive, endocrine, metabolic and psychological features-the cause of PCOS is still unknown. Consequently, there is no cure, and management is persistently suboptimal as it depends on the ad hoc management of symptoms only. Recently it has been revealed that androgens have an important role in regulating female fertility. Androgen actions are facilitated via the androgen receptor (AR) and transgenic <i>Ar</i> knockout mouse models have established that AR-mediated androgen actions have a part in regulating female fertility and ovarian function. Considerable evidence from human and animal studies currently reinforces the hypothesis that androgens in excess, working via the AR, play a key role in the origins of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Identifying and confirming the locations of AR-mediated actions and the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of PCOS is critical to provide the knowledge required for the future development of innovative, mechanism-based interventions for the treatment of PCOS. This review summarises fundamental scientific discoveries that have improved our knowledge of androgen actions in PCOS etiology and how this may form the future development of effective methods to reduce symptoms in patients with PCOS.
Differentiation of mammary tumors and reduction in metastasis upon <i>Malat1</i> lncRNA loss (2015)

Genome-wide analyses have identified thousands of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs). Malat1 (metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1) is among the most abundant lncRNAs whose expression is altered in numerous cancers. Here we report that genetic loss or systemic knockdown of Malat1 using antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) in the MMTV (mouse mammary tumor virus)-PyMT mouse mammary carcinoma model results in slower tumor growth accompanied by significant differentiation into cystic tumors and a reduction in metastasis. Furthermore, Malat1 loss results in a reduction of branching morphogenesis in MMTV-PyMT- and Her2/neu-amplified tumor organoids, increased cell adhesion, and loss of migration. At the molecular level, Malat1 knockdown results in alterations in gene expression and changes in splicing patterns of genes involved in differentiation and protumorigenic signaling pathways. Together, these data demonstrate for the first time a functional role of Malat1 in regulating critical processes in mammary cancer pathogenesis. Thus, Malat1 represents an exciting therapeutic target, and Malat1 ASOs represent a potential therapy for inhibiting breast cancer progression.
Revista Brasileira de Fisioterapia: uma história de dedicação, trabalho e sucesso (2008)

uma história de dedicação, trabalho e sucesso W hy is it that Brazil does not have any journals with an impact factor greater than 1?Why is it that we still do not have a Nobel Prize?Why is it that the top two Brazilian universities are ranked far below several institutions in North America, Europe and Australia, some of which receive less public funding than Universidade de São Paulo (USP) and Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp)?Why is our rate of research, despite the rapid growth of the last decade, still far behind the best educational institutions in the world?Why is it that we do not patent the knowledge generated here?Perhaps the answers to these questions are interconnected.We need to bravely reconsider the administration model of our universities and the policies on scientifi c and technological development.Th e same applies to the policy on the dissemination of scientifi c knowledge.Unfortunately, in several fi elds of knowledge in Brazil, we fi nd that researchers linked to no more than a few courses are creating scientifi c journals to publish their own work.Th e result has been the propagation of new, but low quality journals.In order to rectify this situation, the Physical Th erapy and Occupational Th erapy Council of the State of São Paulo (Crefi to-SP) took on the challenge of supporting the Brazilian Journal of Physical Th erapy (BJPT) to help in the development of a strategic project based on merit.Th us, in 2004, the BJPT set a course which can serve as a model to the country.In 2006, it began to be published quarterly and bimonthly in the following year, with English versions.Th e results started to appear with several
Preparation of piezoelectric PZT micro-discs by sol-gel method (2001)

This paper describes a modified sol-gel method to prepare PZT discs of nearly 1μm thickness without repeating any process. The method is based on the subdivision of the PZT precursor into small areas prior to sintering. The subdivision is realised by pouring the precursor solution into a ZnO mold. Ultrasonic transducers were fabricated using the PZT disc and the piezoelectricity of the PZT disc in GHz ranges were discussed.
Acute Demyelination in a Person with Amphetamine Abuse (2011)

We report the case of a 31-year-old woman, admitted to the hospital for chest pain, dying a few days later from septic multiorgan failure, and showing at autopsy foci of acute demyelination in the occipital lobe. Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of amphetamine in the demyelinated area, which might be considered as the pathogenic agent, since other causes for demyelination could be excluded. This case represents the first report showing a demyelinating process due to a street drug.
Tumor Necrosis Factor-  Plays a Role in Host Defense against Histoplasma capsulatum (1990)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha was detected in supernatants collected from BALB/c mouse peritoneal macrophages incubated continuously with Histoplasma capsulatum. The levels of TNF alpha measured by actinomycin D bioassay peaked within hours after exposure and then greatly declined by 24 h. TNF alpha was also measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid from BALB/c mice challenged intranasally with H. capsulatum. Lavage fluid TNF alpha levels exhibited the same pattern as the in vitro supernatants; they peaked within hours after challenge and lower levels were detected at 24 h. Treatment of mice with anti-TNF alpha antibody accelerated mortality in response to systemic infection and significantly increased tissue colony counts in the liver and spleen. In the murine model, TNF alpha is produced in response to H. capsulatum and appears to play some role in host defense to infection.
A Novel Retinal Identification System (2008)

This paper presents a novel biometric identification system with high performance based on the features obtained from human retinal images. This system is composed of three principal modules including blood vessel segmentation, feature generation, and feature matching. Blood vessel segmentation module has the role of extracting blood vessels pattern from retinal images. Feature generation module includes the following stages. First, the optical disk is found and a circular region of interest (ROI) around it is selected in the segmented image. Then, using a polar transformation, a rotation invariant template is created from each ROI. In the next stage, these templates are analyzed in three different scales using wavelet transform to separate vessels according to their diameter sizes. In the last stage, vessels position and orientation in each scale are used to define a feature vector for each subject in the database. For feature matching, we introduce a modified correlation measure to obtain a similarity index for each scale of the feature vector. Then, we compute the total value of the similarity index by summing scale-weighted similarity indices. Experimental results on a database, including 300 retinal images obtained from 60 subjects, demonstrated an average equal error rate equal to 1 percent for our identification system.
Vessel segmentation in 2-D optical coherence tomography images (2013)

This paper described a novel region segmentation method to avoid difficulties of the threshold process used in traditional segmentation methods in 2-D optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The speckle effect and diffusion problems make traditional image processing methods such as Canny edge and Otsu methods fail on finding layers and region edges in OCT images. The overcomplete-wavelet-frame-based fractal signature method based on high-pass information and a fuzzy-c-mean algorithm is considered to avoid the threshold processing, but the high-pass information is distorted because of noises and diffusions. To improve the high-pass information distortion problem, the proposed method uses the mean value and an enhanced-fuzzy-c-mean algorithm to cluster pixels in 2-D OCT images and find the edge between different clustered regions. The vessel OCT images are tested in the experiment, and the experimental results show that the proposed method performs with more accurate segmentation results than the overcomplete-wavelet-frame-based fractal signature method.
Configurable, wearable sensing and vibrotactile feedback system for real-time postural balance and gait training: proof-of-concept (2017)

These results suggest that the configurable, wearable sensing and feedback system is portable and effective for different types of real-time human movement training and thus may be suitable for home-based or clinic-based rehabilitation applications.
Synthesis, Characterisation and Coordinating Properties of a New Benzimidazolylpyrazole : Cobalt(II), Nickel(II) and Copper(II) Complexes of 5-Methyl-3-(2'-benzimidazolyl)pyrazole (1993)

Department of Chemistry, University of Calcutta, 92 Acharya Prafulla Chandra Road, Calcutta-700 009 <em>Manuscript received 23 December 1993</em> The synthesis, characterisation (mass, ir and pmr) and coordinating properties of a new imidazolylpyrazole, viz. 5- methyl-3-(2 -benzimidazolyl)pyrazole (MBP) containing the well-known chelating grouping -N=C-C=N- are reported. A host of electrolytic metallic complexes, M(MBP)<sub>n</sub>X<sub>2</sub>.2H<sub>2</sub>O (M = Co/Ni/Cu; n = 2 or 3; X = a counterion like Cl<sup>-</sup>, Br<sup>-</sup>, NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, I<sup>-</sup>, CIO<sup>-</sup><sub>4</sub> etc.) of the title ligand identified by physicochemical techniques are described. Magnetic and electronic spectral features classify all the species as magnetically normal high-spin six-coordinate complexes with an overall octahedral geometry. Epr spectral data of some of the Cu<sup>II</sup> species have identified the examined complexes as tetragonally distorted octahedral species associated with <em>d</em><sub>x2-y2</sub> ground state, the degree of exchange coupling being dependent on the counterion (X). Ir spectral data recommend that MBP exhibits a neutral bidentate function through the pyrazolyl and the imidazolyl tertiary nitrogens in forming complexes with Co<sup>II</sup>, Ni<sup>II</sup> and Cu<sup>II</sup> salts. Ir data also reveal that for the tris-chelated species of Co<sup>II</sup> and Ni<sup>II</sup> with MN<sub>6</sub> environment and for some of the aqua-bis-chelated species with MN<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2 </sub>chromophore, the counterion (X) retains its ionic character and for majority of the his-species, [M(MBP)<sub>2</sub>X<sub>2</sub>], the anion (X) is coordinated at least in the solid state.