gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Retransmission Systems (1964)

This paper presents an analysis of the throughput rate R and undetected block error rate ρ for each of three basic types of retransmission logics: 1) send and wait for confirmation, 2) send continuously repeating each individual unconfirmed message, and 3) send continuously repeating each unconfirmed message together with those which followed it. Formulas for R and ρ were obtained in terms of the probability of detected block error and the probability of misinterpreted confirmation or retransmission request. Several options for interpreting garbled service information were considered and the corresponding formulas for R and ρ were obtained. Block diagrams are presented which show the possible sequences of events and their probabilities for each type of logic. Analysis of the third logic required models based on seven-state and ten-state Markov processes. Tractable formulas were not obtainable in closed form but only as solutions to matrix equations. Approximate formulas for R and ρ were derived for this case. The results of this paper are used in a companion paper to compare the performance of forward error correcting codes and retransmission systems under various channel conditions.
An Overview of Physical Layer Design for Ultra-Reliable Low-Latency Communications in 3GPP Releases 15, 16, and 17 (2020)

Ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC) has been introduced in 5G new radio for new applications that have strict reliability and latency requirements such as augmented/virtual reality, industrial automation and autonomous vehicles. The first full set of the physical layer design of 5G release, Release 15, was finalized in December 2017. It provided a foundation for URLLC with new features such as flexible sub-carrier spacing, a sub-slot-based transmission scheme, new channel quality indicator, new modulation and coding scheme tables, and configured-grant transmission with automatic repetitions. The second 5G release, Release 16, was finalized in December 2019 and allows achieving improved metrics for latency and reliability to support new use cases of URLLC. A number of new features such as enhanced physical downlink (DL) control channel monitoring capability, new DL control information format, sub-slot physical uplink (UL) control channel transmission, sub-slot-based physical UL shared channel repetition, enhanced mobile broadband and URLLC inter-user-equipment multiplexing with cancellation indication and enhanced power control were standardized. This article provides a detailed overview of the URLLC features from 5G Release 15 to Release 16 by describing how these features allow meeting URLLC target requirements in 5G networks. The ongoing Release 17 targets further enhanced URLLC operation by improving mechanisms such as feedback, intra-user-equipment multiplexing and prioritization of traffic with different priority, support of time synchronization and new quality of service related parameters. In addition, a fundamental feature targeted in URLLC Release 17 is to enable URLLC operation over shared unlicensed spectrum. The potential directions of URLLC research in unlicensed spectrum in Release 17 are presented to serve as a bridge from URLLC in licensed spectrum in Release 16 to URLLC in unlicensed spectrum in Release 17.
Microwave-enhanced folding and denaturation of globular proteins (2000)

It is shown that microwave irradiation can affect the kinetics of the folding process of some globular proteins, especially beta-lactoglobulin. At low temperature the folding from the cold denatured phase of the protein is enhanced, while at a higher temperature the denaturation of the protein from its folded state is enhanced. In the latter case, a negative temperature gradient is needed for the denaturation process, suggesting that the effects of the microwaves are nonthermal. This supports the notion that coherent topological excitations can exist in proteins. The application of microwaves hold promises for a wide range of biotechnological applications, such as protein synthesis, protein aggregation, etc., and may have implications for biological systems as well.
Turbo-Coded OFDM Transmission Over a Nonlinear Channel (2005)

In this paper, deliberate level clipping and turbo coding are combined to achieve an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmission system with a low peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) and a good performance. Using the linear approximation technique based on the minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, we first modify the metric computation for the turbo decoding in order to consider the distortion effects of the nonlinearity, caused by the Cartesian clipper. Also, this paper introduces a modified turbo decoder which simultaneously performs the data estimation and signal reconstruction. In other words, the turbo decoder iteratively recovers the clipped signal by using the estimated data, and then improves the data estimation by using the newly recovered signal. Numerical results are presented showing an improvement in the performance of the OFDM transmission system over the nonlinear channel, an increase in the efficiency of the high power amplifier (HPA), and/or an expansion of the transmitter coverage area.
Drug-eluting balloons and bifurcations, a new future? (2010)

J161 Current perspective In recent years, the drug-eluting balloon (DEB) technology has emerged as a potential alternative to drug-eluting stents (DES) to prevent restenosis. The DEB technology has demonstrated safety and efficacy in the porcine model of restenosis and in randomised clinical trials for patients with in-stent restenosis. Nevertheless, the technology carries challenges in release kinetics, ability to overcome elastic recoil, and concerns whether it can be coupled successfully to bare metal stents. The active substance on a DEB should be lipophilic enough to have a high absorption rate through the vessel wall, compensating for the short time of contact between the inflated balloon and the vessel wall itself, and to maintain sustained effect once released. The drug of choice at this moment seems to be paclitaxel. Paclitaxel was identified as the primary drug for DEB with the ability to retain in the vessel wall for nearly a week. Paclitaxel is a broad-spectrum antimitotic agent that inhibits cell division in the G2/M phase, stabilising the polymerised microtubules, and thus inhibiting cell replication of the smooth muscle cells and by that reducing neointimal hyperplasia. Cells have been shown to contain effective doses of paclitaxel in vivo experiments for at least six days, even when plasma levels of paclitaxel were below the detection limit. Currently there are several commercially available DEB in Europe (all CE approved) which all use paclitaxel as an active drug. However the coating and release methods are quite different. It has been demonstrated that the coating method, next to the active substance paclitaxel, highly determines the efficacy of a DEB.
Formation of rarefaction waves in origami-based metamaterials (2015)

We investigate the nonlinear wave dynamics of origami-based metamaterials composed of Tachi-Miura polyhedron (TMP) unit cells. These cells exhibit strain softening behavior under compression, which can be tuned by modifying their geometrical configurations or initial folded conditions. We assemble these TMP cells into a cluster of origami-based metamaterials, and we theoretically model and numerically analyze their wave transmission mechanism under external impact. Numerical simulations show that origami-based metamaterials can provide a prototypical platform for the formation of nonlinear coherent structures in the form of rarefaction waves, which feature a tensile wavefront upon the application of compression to the system. We also demonstrate the existence of numerically exact traveling rarefaction waves. Origami-based metamaterials can be highly useful for mitigating shock waves, potentially enabling a wide variety of engineering applications.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON ORGANOPHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS. XL. REACTIONS OF KETONES WITH 2,4‐BIS(4‐METHOXYPHENYL)‐1,3,2,4‐DITHIADIPHOSPHETANE 2,4‐DISULFIDE (1982)

Abstract Die Ketone (I) reagieren mit dem Lawesson‐Reagenz (II) unter Bildung der bisher unbekannten Trithiaphosphorinc (III).
TOWARD A STEWARDSHIP THEORY OF MANAGEMENT (1997)

Recent thinking about top management has been influenced by alternative models of man.1 Economic approaches to governance such as agency theory tend to assume some form of homo-economicus, which depict subordinates as individualistic, opportunistic, and self-serving. Alternatively, sociological and psychological approaches to governance such as stewardship theory depict subordinates as collectivists, pro-organizational, and trustworthy. Through this research, we attempt to reconcile the differences between these assumptions by proposing a model based upon the subordinate's psychological attributes and the organization's situational characteristics.
Exploring a Mindfulness Meditation Program on the Mental Health of Upper Primary Children: A Pilot Study (2010)

In Australia, 14% of children and adolescents have a significant mental health problem, which is similar to global prevalence estimates of 12%. Teaching children techniques in mindfulness meditation has been recommended to improve their mental health. However, the recommendations are based mainly on efficacy in adult clinical trials, and insufficiently on trials with children and adolescents in a classroom setting. This mindfulness meditation pilot project involved training teachers at two primary schools in the outer suburbs of Melbourne, Australia to deliver a ten-week mindfulness curriculum and optional daily mindfulness exercises to students in grades 5 and 6 (ages 10 to 12). Pre- and post-program, students completed the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) and a modified version of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI). On both scales there was a significant decrease in overall average score and the number of children in the diagnostic categories, 25.6% scoring in the borderline or diagnostic category for the SDQ pre-program and 16.3% post-program. For the CDI this was 25.8% pre- and 21.6% post-. The study is limited by its use of a pre-post design without comparison group. However, qualitative findings from teachers assist in discerning key themes, and this pilot study suggests the potential of more formal experimental testing of mindfulness training as an element of a whole-school mental health promotion program.
Nature and antigen-specific activities of transfer factor against herpes simplex virus type 1. (1987)

Transfer factor specific for herpes simplex virus (HSV) type 1 (TFHSV-1) was prepared from splenic cells of HSV-1 immunized mice. Protection was transferred with TFHSV-1 to nonimmune mouse recipients. The TFHSV-1 injected mice had a higher survival rate after lethal HSV-1 challenge as compared to mice injected with a nonspecific transfer factor (P less than 0.05). 51Cr-labelled leukocyte adherence inhibition (51-Cr-LAI) test was used to demonstrate the specific activity of transfer factor in vitro. Only leukocytes incubated with TFHSV-1 exhibited significant adherence inhibition (P less than 0.01) to HSV-1 antigen, but not to control antigen. Specific activity component of TFHSV-1 (STFc) was separated by affinity adsorption with the antigen. Activity of STFc in 51Cr-LAI test was significantly higher than that of TFHSV-1 (P less than 0.01). Ratio activity of STFc in protective host immunity was 16 times as much as that of TFHSV-1. STFc was analysed by high performance liquid chromatography, thin layer chromatography and isoelectric focusing in the polyacrylamide gel. Results revealed that STFc appeared to be a polypeptide with a molecular weight of about 12,870 dalton.
[RuO(dppz)(tpy)]<sup>2+</sup> : a DNA Cleavage Agent with High DNA Affinity (1992)

A RuIVO functional unit and an intercalating heteroligand, dipyridophenazine (dppz), are united in the complex cation of the title, 1, and responsible for its high DNA-cleavage activity and DNA affinity. In the solid state, the units of the RuOH2 analogue of 1 (C1O counterion) are linked by π-stacking interactions similar to those in acridine orange and other conventional intercalators; the distance between the dppz ligands is 3.5 Å. tpy = 2,2′,2″-terpyridine.
Developing a synthetic yeast for the expression of heterologous genes using SCRaMbLE (2016)

Synthetic genomics is a new and fast emerging multi-disciplinary field of research, representing the largest scale of work underway in synthetic biology. The Saccharomyces cerevisiae version 2 (Sc2.0) project is currently the leading example of synthetic genomics research, and is an attempt to perform the first redesign, synthesis and assembly of a complete synthetic genome for an eukaryotic organism. Major changes are being made to the redesigned DNA sequence of the new yeast genome and these include a variety of different deletions, sequence recodings at every gene and also insertions of DNA motifs. The most significant insertion is the placement of a recombinase recognition site called loxPsym throughout the genome, placed downstream of all non-essential genes. These recombinase sites act as recombination hotspots for Cre recombinase, to bring about recombination-mediated genomic rearrangements of the synthetic chromosomes. Together the Cre recombinase and loxPsym inserts make up the inducible Synthetic Chromosome Rearrangement and Modification by LoxPsym Evolution (SCRaMbLE) system. This thesis describes the design, synthesis, hierarchical assembly and in vivo integration of synthetic DNA for the construction of synthetic chromosome XI for the Sc2.0 project. With the first 90 kb of the synthetic chromosome complete, the SCRaMbLE toolkit was then examined. It was hypothesised that along with causing gene deletions, inversions and duplications, this Cre-lox system could also be implemented to insert heterologous DNA into the synthetic chromosomes. This thesis shows that with the correct formatting of heterologous DNA, SCRaMbLE can be further developed to generate a new synthetic biology method called ‘SCRaMbLE-in’ suitable for the insertion of heterologous genes into synthetic chromosomes as they are rearranging to produce diverse synthetic yeast strains with novel functions. Having successfully developed and investigated SCRaMbLE-in, this method was then used for the simultaneous introduction of multiple genes that can confer a selective benefit to yeast. By providing three heterologous genes encoding enzymes that together reconstitute the oxidoreductase xylose-utilisation pathway, a synthetic yeast strain capable of growth on the lignocellulosic sugar xylose was produced by SCRaMbLE-in. This work thus demonstrates a new approach to constructing strains for metabolic engineering projects, where incorporation of heterologous genes and rapid evolution of the yeast genome can be done simultaneously in one pot.
Constrained linear quadratic regulation (1998)

The paper is a contribution to the theory of the infinite-horizon linear quadratic regulator (LQR) problem subject to inequality constraints on the inputs and states, extending an approach first proposed by Sznaier and Damborg (1987). A solution algorithm is presented, which requires solving a finite number of finite-dimensional positive definite quadratic programs. The constrained LQR outlined does not feature the undesirable mismatch between open-loop and closed-loop nominal system trajectories, which is present in the other popular forms of model predictive control (MPC) that can be implemented with a finite quadratic programming algorithm. The constrained LQR is shown to be both optimal and stabilizing. The solution algorithm is guaranteed to terminate in finite time with a computational cost that has a reasonable upper bound compared to the minimal cost for computing the optimal solution. Inherent to the approach is the removal of a tuning parameter, the control horizon, which is present in other MPC approaches and for which no reliable tuning guidelines are available. Two examples are presented that compare constrained LQR and two other popular forms of MPC. The examples demonstrate that constrained LQR achieves significantly better performance than the other forms of MPC on some plants, and the computational cost is not prohibitive for online implementation.
Pulse-width degradation in digital circuits (1989)

Pulsewidth distortion is a major contributing factor in limiting circuit performance. For 1-μm technology, inverting circuits had a 238-MHz data rate limit, 2.5× that of noninverting circuits. Process parameter tracking of 20% leads to pulsewidth distortion of ±100 ps for reasonable circuit loading. Loading and process tolerance variation were simulated with end-point statistical analysis, reducing computer time 10× over standard statistical methods
A Business Activity Monitoring System Supporting Real-Time Business Performance Management (2008)

Recently, strong interests in the real-time performance management are increasing to gain competitive advantages in the rapidly changing business environment. For better business performance or continuous process improvement of an enterprise, real-time measurement and analysis of the performance of managerial activities is essential. Business activity monitoring (BAM) which provides real-time access to key performance indicators is one of core elements for the real-time performance management. A BAM system prototype is designed and implemented for a global automotive company in this paper. This paper presents the design procedure and implementation result of BAM system. This paper is expected to be a practical help to the practitioners who are planning and executing the BAM system implementation for the real-time performance management.
Fly ash carbon separation and ammonia removal in Florida (2013)

A company operates fly ash beneficiation facilities that produce high quality pozzolan from poor quality fly ash. A patented electrostatic separation process reduces the carbon content of fly ash to produce a low loss on ignition (LOI) product used as a portland cement replacement in concrete products. Additionally, a high carbon content product stream is produced and is returned to utilities to recover fuel value or to cement kilns as a fuel and raw material. Two processing facilities have been commissioned in Florida; one in Tampa and another in Jacksonville. Both installations also include a patented ammonia removal process that reduces ammonia content on the fly ash from levels of greater than 2000 ppm to levels less than 75 ppm. The Tampa facility includes three separators, an ammonia removal process, two concrete slip-form product silos and a 25,000-ton dome. The plant is capable of processing 350,000 tons of fly ash per year. The Jacksonville installation contains two separators and an ammonia removal process capable of processing 300,000 tons per year. Twelve (12) ash beneficiation facilities have been commissioned in North America, the United Kingdom and Poland along with two mineral processing facilities in Europe and Canada.
Oscillatory Neural Networks Based on TMO Nano-Oscillators and Multi-Level RRAM Cells (2015)

In massively parallel computational tasks, such as pattern recognition, conventional computing architectures have insufficient power efficiency for energy constrained environments. This has made alternative architectures, such as neuromorphic computing, increasingly attractive. Oscillatory neural networks (ONNs) are one promising architecture, but efficient hardware implementations have been limited by shortcomings in CMOS technology, specifically in the efficient implementation of oscillators and synaptic weights. The authors have recently demonstrated that metal-oxide based resistive switching (RRAM) structures can be engineered to create low-power, scalable, voltage-controlled oscillators that utilize inherent meta-stability in the device. This work proposes an RRAM-based ONN that couples oscillatory “neurons” through weighted “synapses” using oscillator phase as the state-variable. This paper demonstrates a robust architecture using only a few logic gates per neuron to implement phase initialization and locking of these oscillators, and demonstrate their capability to identify stored patterns from noisy inputs. Using measured characteristics of RRAMs as oscillators and programmable resistors, compact models are derived and used to simulate both an 8-neuron and 20-neuron network.
Treatment with intranasal iloprost reduces disease manifestations in a murine model of previously established COPD (2016)

Pulmonary endothelial prostacyclin appears to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The effect of treatment with a prostacyclin analog in animal models of previously established COPD is unknown. We evaluated the short- and long-term effect of iloprost on inflammation and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR) in a murine model of COPD. Nineteen mice were exposed to LPS/elastase, followed by either three doses of intranasal iloprost or saline. In the long-term treatment experiment, 18 mice were exposed to LPS/elastase and then received 6 wk of iloprost or were left untreated as controls. In the short-term experiment, iloprost did not change AHR but significantly reduced serum IL-5 and IFN-γ. Long-term treatment with iloprost for both 2 and 6 wk significantly improved AHR. After 6 wk of iloprost, there was a reduction in bronchoalveolar lavage (BALF) neutrophils, serum IL-1β (30.0 ± 9.2 vs. 64.8 ± 7.4 pg/ml, P = 0.045), IL-2 (36.5 ± 10.6 vs. 83.8 ± 0.4 pg/ml, P = 0.01), IL-10 (75.7 ± 9.3 vs. 96.5 ± 3.5 pg/ml, P = 0.02), and nitrite (15.1 ± 5.4 vs. 30.5 ± 10.7 μmol, P = 0.01). Smooth muscle actin (SMA) in the lung homogenate was also significantly reduced after iloprost treatment (P = 0.02), and SMA thickness was reduced in the small and medium blood vessels after iloprost (P < 0.001). In summary, short- and long-term treatment with intranasal iloprost significantly reduced systemic inflammation in an LPS/elastase COPD model. Long-term iloprost treatment also reduced AHR, serum nitrite, SMA, and BALF neutrophilia. These data encourage future investigations of prostanoid therapy as a novel treatment for COPD patients.
High-Performance Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells by Using a Combination of Ultrasonic Spray-Coating and Low Thermal Budget Photonic Curing (2015)

Realizing the commercialization of high-performance and robust perovskite solar cells urgently requires the development of economically scalable processing techniques. Here we report a high-throughput ultrasonic spray-coating (USC) process capable of fabricating perovskite film-based solar cells on glass substrates with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) as high as 13%. Perovskite films with high uniformity, crystallinity, and surface coverage are obtained in a single step. Moreover, we report USC processing on TiO2/ITO-coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrates to realize flexible perovskite solar cells with a PCE as high as 8.1% that are robust under mechanical stress. In this case, a photonic curing technique was used to achieve a highly conductive TiO2 layer on flexible PET substrates for the first time. The high device performance and reliability obtained by this combination of USC processing with optical curing appear very promising for roll-to-roll manufacturing of high-efficiency, flexible perovskite solar cells.
An Efficient, Catalytic, Aerobic, Oxidative Iodination of Arenes Using the H<sub>5</sub>PV<sub>2</sub>Mo<sub>10</sub>O<sub>40</sub> Polyoxometalate as Catalyst (2003)

Iodination of arenes was carried out by reacting 1 equiv of arene substrate with 0.5 equiv of iodine under an oxygen atmosphere with H5PV2Mo10O40 as oxidation catalyst. The synthesis is an inherently waste-free method for the preparation of iodoarenes.