gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antitumor activity of cytotropic heterogeneous molecular lipids (CHML) on human breast cancer xenograft in nude mice. (2001)

Cytotropic heterogeneous molecular lipid (CHML), which is a new anticancer agent with US patent number 5,260,067, has recently been shown to suppress tumor cell growth in multiple tumor lines and induce apoptosis in vitro (1). These results indicate that CHML may be an effective antitumor agent. In the present study, using both local injection and intravenous injection, we have investigated the suppressive effect of CHML on human breast caner cells MCF-7 xenograft in nude mice. In the local injection, CHML was introduced into nude mice implanted with human breast cancer xenograft at doses of 25 mg/tumor area (cm2), 35 mg/tumor area (cm2), or 50 mg/tumor area (cm2), once every two days, total 3 times. The inhibition of tumor growth was 81.3%, 93.8% and 100%, respectively. In the intravenous injection, the nude mice bearing MCF-7 xenografts were treated with CHML at 10 mg/kg/day, or 15 mg/kg/day, or 20 mg/kg/day, once a day, total 7 days, the growth inhibition of tumor area was 58.1%, 77.4%, and 83.9%, respectively. At the same time, the toxicity of CHML was determined through examining the number of the white blood cell (WBC) and the activity of the serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT). However, no evident alterations of WBC and SGPT were detected in all animals treated with CHML, suggesting that CHML has little toxicity on nude mice. Taken together, these results indicate that CHML is an effective agent that suppresses breast tumor growth and suggest the possibility of using CHML in the clinical trial in the near future.
Event-Driven Simulation of Spiking Neurons with (2003)

We present a new technique, based on a proposed event-based strategy (Mattia & Del Giudice, 2000), for efficiently simulating large networks of simple model neurons. The strategy was based on the fact that interactions among neurons occur by means of events that are well localized in time (the action potentials) and relatively rare. In the interval between two of these events, the state variables associated with a model neuron or a synapse evolved deterministically and in a predictable way. Here, we extend the event-driven simulation strategy to the case in which the dynamics of the state variables in the inter-event intervals are stochastic. This extension captures both the situation in which the simulated neurons are inherently noisy and the case in which they are embedded in a very large network and receive a huge number of random synaptic inputs. We show how to effectively include the impact of large background populations into neuronal dynamics by means of the numerical evaluation of the statistical properties of single-model neurons under random current injection. The new simulation strategy allows the study of networks of interacting neurons with an arbitrary number of external afferents and inherent stochastic dynamics.
Lamin A/C and emerin are critical for skeletal muscle satellite cell differentiation (2006)

Mutations within LMNA, encoding A-type nuclear lamins, are associated with multiple tissue-specific diseases, including Emery-Dreifuss (EDMD2/3) and Limb-Girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD1B). X-linked EDMD results from mutations in emerin, a lamin A-associated protein. The mechanisms through which these mutations cause muscular dystrophy are not understood. Here we show that most, but not all, cultured muscle cells from lamin A/C knockout mice exhibit impaired differentiation kinetics and reduced differentiation potential. Similarly, normal muscle cells that have been RNA interference (RNAi) down-regulated for either A-type lamins or emerin have impaired differentiation potentials. Replicative myoblasts lacking A-type lamins or emerin also have decreased levels of proteins important for muscle differentiation including pRB, MyoD, desmin, and M-cadherin; up-regulated Myf5; but no changes in Pax3, Pax7, MEF2C, MEF2D, c-met, and beta-catenin. To determine whether impaired myogenesis is linked to reduced MyoD or desmin levels, these proteins were individually expressed in Lmna(-/-) myoblasts that were then induced to undergo myogenesis. Expression of either MyoD or, more surprisingly, desmin in Lmna(-/-) myoblasts resulted in increased differentiation potential. These studies indicate roles for A-type lamins and emerin in myogenic differentiation and also suggest that these effects are at least in part due to decreased endogenous levels of other critical myoblast proteins. The delayed differentiation kinetics and decreased differentiation potential of lamin A/C-deficient and emerin-deficient myoblasts may in part underlie the dystrophic phenotypes observed in patients with EDMD.
Contrast-induced nephropathy: the wheel has turned 360 degrees (2008)

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) has been a hot topic during the last 5 years due its association with increased morbidity and mortality. CIN is an important complication, particularly in patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated with diabetes mellitus. Methods to diminish the incidence of CIN have been highly contentious. They include choice of contrast, pharmacologic manipulation, and volume expansion. The pathophysiology of this complication remains uncertain, but reduction in renal blood flow and direct toxicity of tubular cells has been implicated. More than 900 publications under the heading CIN have been published during the last 5 years. Fewer than 5% of these publications are randomized prospective controlled studies. In spite of the large number of reports on CIN, very little has been changed. The use of the smallest possible dose of low- or iso-osmolar contrast media, volume expansion, stopping nephrotoxic drugs, and avoiding repeat contrast injections within 48 hours remain the most effective approach to reduce the risk of CIN.
CONTROL ALGORITHMS FOR AN ARTIFICIAL VASCULATURE DEVICE (2004)

We are developing a novel artificial vasculature device (AVD) that is designed to facilitate myocardial recovery unlike other ventricular assist devices (VAD) currently available. The AVD is a valveless, 85 ml blood chamber with a servo controlled pusher plate connected to the ascending aorta by a vascular graft. We designed control algorithms for the AVD to mimic user-defined systemic input impedance (IM) that includes resistance, elastance, and inertial components. A dynamic computer model of the AVD was developed and coupled to the circulatory system model. A position control algorithm, which can maintain any average value of resistance or compliance during left ventricular (LV) systole was developed. A force feedback control algorithm was designed to maintain the desired value or profile of resistance and compliance. Computer simulations of the developed models were used to predict pressures, volumes, flows, and the resistance and compliance experienced by the LV during ejection, for a circulatory system with a normal, failing and recovering LV to assess the performance of the control algorithms. Simulation results indicate that the LV volume and pressure decreases, and the LV stroke volume increases with decreasing IM, resulting in an increased ejection fraction. While the position control algorithm is more stable and can tolerate higher levels of sensor errors and noise, the force feedback control algorithm is better suited to maintain any instantaneous IM or an IM profile. Animal studies are being conducted to quantify myocardial recovery due to a reduced systolic IM offered by the AVD.
Hard Spheres in Vesicles: Curvature-Induced Forces and Particle-Induced Curvature (1998)

We explore the interplay of membrane curvature and nonspecific binding due to excluded-volume effects among colloidal particles inside lipid bilayer vesicles. We trapped submicron spheres of two different sizes inside a pear-shaped, multilamellar vesicle and found the larger spheres to be pinned to the vesicle's surface and pushed in the direction of increasing curvature. A simple model predicts that hard spheres can induce shape changes in flexible vesicles. The results demonstrate an important relationship between the shape of a vesicle or pore and the arrangement of particles within it.
Molecular Characterization Of Envelope Antigenic Variants Of Hepatitis B Virus From Spain (1994)

In a survey of hepatitis B virus (HBV) subtypes using one set of monoclonal typing antibodies, 96.6% of the samples were ad or ay and 3.3% (31) were untypeable. Using two additional antibody panels, 23 samples were ay and ad. Six samples required a third panel to be typed as ay. One sample was not typeable. These last 7 samples were nonreactive or had low reactivity with some antibodies to the common a determinant. Sequencing the HBsAg gene of these 7 samples revealed that amino acid (aa) 122 was arginine, as expected for the y determinant. However, mutations giving rise to serine at aa 120, leucine at aa 143, and glutamic acid at aa 144 were found singly or in combination and correlated with the monoclonal antibody binding patterns. These results have implications for further subtyping surveys, vaccines, immunotherapy, and the design of diagnostic assays, and they give clues to the structure of the major neutralizing epitope of HBV.
Multistage Regulator Based on Tandem Promoters and CRISPR/Cas (2014)

Accurately controlling expression of target genes between several designed levels is essential for low-noise gene network and dynamic range of gene expression. However, such manipulations have been hard to achieve due to technical limitations. Based on tandem promoters and CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)/Cas (CRISPR-associated) system, we constructed a multistage regulator that could stably regulate the expression of the reporter gene on three levels, with more than 2-fold difference between each of them. Our findings provide novel insights into constructing a more powerful gene regulation system.
On the Performance of Flooding-Based Resource Discovery (2006)

We consider flooding-based resource discovery in distributed systems. With flooding, a node searching for a resource contacts its neighbors in the network, which in turn contact their own neighbors and so on until a node possessing the requested resource is located. Flooding assumes no knowledge about the network topology or the resource distribution thus offering an attractive means for resource discovery in dynamically evolving networks such as peer-to-peer systems. We provide analytical results for the performance of a number of flooding-based approaches that differ in the set of neighbors contacted at each step. The performance metrics we are interested in are the probability of locating a resource and the average number of steps and messages for doing so. We study both uniformly random resource requests and requests in the presence of popular (hot) resources. Our analysis is also extended to take into account the fact that nodes may become unavailable either due to failures or voluntary departures from the system. Our analytical results are validated through simulation
Isolation and direct characterization of resident microglial cells from the normal and inflamed central nervous system. (1991)

In addition to the major population of infiltrating leukocytes recovered from inflamed rat central nervous system (CNS), all of which expressed high levels of leukocyte common antigen CD45, many cells were coisolated that were MRC OX42+ (complement receptor 3/CD11b) but expressed low-to-moderate levels of CD45 and major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. Most cells from normal CNS, in contrast, lay within this latter, CD45low population. From previous in situ immunohistochemical studies, the fortuitously isolated CD45low cells were probably resident (ramified) microglia. Using irradiation chimeras, we show that resident microglia respond to inflammation by upregulating CD45, CD4, and MHC class I molecules with a minority of these cells increasing their expression of MHC class II molecules. A 3- to 4-fold increase in the number of microglia isolated from inflamed CNS provided indirect evidence that the cells had proliferated. In normal CNS, a very small population of blood-derived CD45high-expressing cells are present; most MHC class II expression is associated with these few cells and not with the resident microglia.
Synthesis of nano WC/Co for tools and dies (1996)

Materials for cutting tools and dies must have high hardness, high toughness, and high wear/erosion resistance. Tungsten carbide (WC) has been well known for its exceptional hardness and wear/erosion resistance. However, its low toughness causes brittle fracture. Addition of ductile metals, such as cobalt, can improve its toughness. To obtain the optimum results, WC has to be evenly distributed in a continuous cobalt matrix, which has been a technical challenge at high WC contents (94--97wt%). It is also well established that toughness of ceramic materials can be increased remarkably, without sacrificing hardness, by reducing the grain size. Significant improvement of microhardness has been observed in nano-sized composites over micron-sized materials. In the current investigation, nano-sized WC particles, synthesized by carburizing tungstic acid powders, are first coated with Co compound individually and uniformly by a solution precipitation process. The coated WC powders are then processed in H{sub 2} to obtain individually Co coated nano particles, which are subsequently consolidated by various techniques emphasizing short ({approximately} minutes) exposure times at high temperature. This paper will present some of their experiences and will also highlight some of the basic problems associated with synthesis and consolidation of nano particles.
Enantioselective organocatalytic domino synthesis of tetrahydropyridin-2-ols (2012)

The asymmetric synthesis of tetrahydropyridin-2-ols from enals and enaminones is described. The organocatalytic domino reaction involves a Michael addition-hemiaminalization sequence using the Jørgensen-Hayashi catalyst. Dehydration or oxidation leads to the corresponding 1,4-dihydro-pyridines or 3,4-dihydropyridin-2-ones in a one-pot fashion.
<title>Field vibration tests of bridge stay cables incorporated with magnetorheological (MR) dampers</title> (2002)

Working towards full implementation of semi-active MR dampers to over 200 cables in the cable-stayed Dongting Lake Bridge, a few selected stay cables were installed with both MR dampers and vibration sensors for trial testing before full implementation. This paper reports the field vibration tests of a typical stay cable of 115 m long before and after being installed with MR dampers. The field vibration tests were conducted by using ambient vibration excitation, and sinusoidal excitation followed by free vibration decay, respectively. The resonant frequencies and equivalent modal damping of the first twenty in-plane modes of the cable with and without MR dampers are identified. The relationship between the equivalent modal damping ratio and the applied voltage strength to MR dampers is experimentally determined. The test results show that the modal damping ratios of the free cable without dampers conform to a combined Rayleigh and frequency-independent damping model, and are almost unvaried with vibration amplitude within the tested range. Installation of MR dampers results in a slight change of resonant frequencies in comparison with the free cable, but variation in applied voltage almost does not affect the resonant frequencies. The equivalent modal damping ratios of the cable-damper system are found to be dependent on the installation location of MR dampers, voltage strength applied to the dampers, and the cable vibration level. The optimal voltage input, which achieves maximum system damping, is obtained for different modes under different vibration amplitudes. With optimal voltage applied to the dampers, the resulting system damping should be high enough to suppress both wind-rain-induced vibration and wake galloping of cables.
Basic studies on group B streptococcal (GBS) culture medium. (2000)

Yeast extract and Serum are said to be necessary for the pigmentation of Group B Streptococcus (hereafter, GBS). We're examined the necessity of these for the GBS pigmentation. Firstly, we examined the following four types of culture media. (1) The medium in which serum was excluded from the New Granada medium (hereafter, called Basic medium). (2) New Granada medium (hereafter, S medium). (3) The medium in which Yeast extract was added to (1) (hereafter, Y medium). (4) The medium in which added Serum and Yeast extract were added to (1) (hereafter, SY medium). As for GBS tested (7 serotypes, 27 strains), Basic medium showed the strongest pigmentation potency, but, S and SY medium showed the weakest. About the quickness of pigmentation initiation, similar to the potency above, Basic medium was the quickest, followed by Y medium, and then S medium and SY medium. Among the media examined, there were no differences in the relationships between the quantity of GBS applied and the positive ratio of each media.>From these results, among four types of the media, Basic medium is thought to be the best one for the GBS detection.
Reliability and Flexibility Criteria to Locate Motor Operated Switches in Distribution Systems (2018)

Distribution systems traditionally did not involve much automation until the last quarter of the 20 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">th</sup> century. The equipment installed on feeders was expected to function autonomously, with occasional manual setting changes. This was later referred to as `local intelligence' when other types of automation began to be developed. Recently, more stringent to improve reliability and efficiency of the power system and more automation has been introduced to distribution systems. In this paper, a general overview of structuring good criteria for switch location is going to be discussed. First, the definition of the optimal topology will be explained. Then, the criteria to define the right location of switches and its advantages on the distribution system is going to be discussed.
Aluminum oxide thin films prepared by chemical vapor deposition from aluminum acetylacetonate (1992)

Amorphous aluminum oxide thin films were prepared on glass and silicon (100) substrates by a low-temperature atmospheric-pressure chemical vapor deposition method. The raw material was aluminum acetylacetonate, which is nontoxic and easy to handle. The substrate temperature could be lowered to 250 °C by the thermal decomposition of aluminum acetylacetonate in air.
Geometric-model-based segmentation of the prostate and surrounding structures for image-guided radiotherapy (2004)

We present a computer vision tool to improve the clinical outcome of patients undergoing radiation therapy for prostate cancer by improving irradiation technique. While intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) allows one to irradiate a specific region in the body with high accuracy, it is still difficult to know exactly where to aim the radiation beam on every day of the 30~40 treatments that are necessary. This paper presents a geometric model-based technique to accurately segment the prostate and other surrounding structures in a daily serial CT image, compensating for daily motion and shape variation. We first acquire a collection of serial CT scans of patients undergoing external beam radiotherapy, and manual segmentation of the prostate and other nearby structures by radiation oncologists. Then we train shape and local appearance models for the structures of interest. When new images are available, an iterative algorithm is applied to locate the prostate and surrounding structures automatically. Our experimental results show that excellent matches can be given to the prostate and surrounding structure. Convergence is declared after 10 iterations. For 256 x 256 images, the mean distance between the hand-segmented contour and the automatically estimated contour is about 1.5 pixels (2.44 mm), with variance about 0.6 pixel (1.24 mm).
Efficacy and safety of mesalamine suppositories for treatment of ulcerative proctitis in children and adolescents (2010)

This study showed that a daily bedtime dose of a 500 mg mesalamine suppository is safe and efficacious in children with ulcerative proctitis.
Investigation of Effectiveness of Sensorless Operation in Carrier-Signal-Injection-Based Sensorless-Control Methods (2010)

This paper investigates the effectiveness of sensorless operation in carrier-signal-injection-based sensorless-control methods for permanent-magnet brushless ac motors. The sensorless safety operation area (SSOA) is introduced with due account for the quantization error in the analog to digital conversion. The SSOA defines a working area in the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">d</i> - <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">q</i> plane in which the motor can operate in sensorless mode with a guaranteed performance in steady state. With the aid of SSOA, a proper injected carrier signal can be selected for the specific prototype machine and current-measurement resolution. Experimental results confirm that the performance of sensorless operation can be guaranteed when the machine operates inside the SSOA with cross-saturation compensation.
Spectroscopic properties and efficient diode-pumped laser operation of neodymium-doped lanthanum scandium borate (1994)

We report on the spectroscopic properties and laser performance of Czochralski-grown LaSc/sub 3/(BO/sub 3/)/sub 4/ (LSB) crystals with high neodymium concentrations up to 2.5/spl middot/10/sup 21/ cm/sup -3/. The low-concentration quenching of the upper laser level of neodymium and the polarization dependence of the spectra indicate that LaSc/sub 3/(BO/sub 3/)/sub 4/ crystalizes in a huntite-type structure like Nd/sup 3+/:YAl/sub 3/(BO/sub 3/)/sub 4/ (NYAB). With diode laser pumping at 808 nm, a multimode Nd/sup 3+/:LaSc/sub 3/(BO/sub 3/)/sub 4/ (NLSB) laser at 1063 nm is demonstrated. Optical slope efficiency was 64% with respect to absorbed pump power. The possibility of second-harmonic generation in the laser crystal is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancement of colon carcinogenesis by prostaglandin E2 administration (2003)

Although an accumulating body of evidence indicates that levels of prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) in human and rodent colon cancers are higher than those in surrounding normal tissues, the precise contribution of PGE(2) to the process of colon cancer development has still been unclear. Therefore, we designed a study using a well-established azoxymethane (AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis in male F344 rat model to investigate whether administration of exogenous PGE(2) has a real impact on colon carcinogenesis. Intraperitoneal PGE(2) injections (7.7 micro g) once a week for 25 weeks significantly increased the AOM-induced colon tumor incidence (percent rats with tumors, 92 versus 53%, P < 0.05), especially adenocarcinomas (92 versus 47%, P < 0.05), and multiplicity (number of tumors per rat, 2.8 versus 1.0, P < 0.05). PGE(2) treatment significantly increased 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdUrd) labeling index (11.8 versus 9.7%, P < 0.05) and reduced apoptotic index (0.34 versus 0.53%, P < 0.05) in colon cancers induced by AOM. PGE(2) exhibits its physiological functions through binding to E-prostanoid (EP) membrane receptors EP(1-4). All four types of EP receptors were detected in AOM-induced colon cancers using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Our results provide evidence that PGE(2) enhances colon carcinogenesis through induction of cell proliferation and reduction of apoptosis.