gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The inclusion of haloperidol and trifluperidol by α- and γ-cyclodextrins. A 19F nuclear magnetic resonance study (1985)

The complexation of haloperidol (HP) and trifluperidol (TFP) by α-cyclodextrin (α-CD) and γ-cyclodextrin (γ-CD) has been studied by 19F n.m.r. at 295 K. Complexation at the m-CF3(A) and p-F (B) sites of TFP is characterised by stability constants KA= 50±2 mol–1 dm3 and KB= 9±4 mol–1 dm3 in the presence of α-CD and KA= 15±3 mol–1 dm3 and KB= 28±9 mol–1 dm3 in the presence of γ-CD. Similar observations are made for haloperidol.
Factors affecting preservation and fertility of bull sperm: a brief review (1993)

This paper is a brief review of the factors that determine the number of sperm required for insemination to obtain high fertility and ways that sperm viability might be prolonged. Damage to sperm during freezing results in a requirement, after thawing, of about 6 x 10(6) motile sperm (> 10 x 10(6) total) per insemination to achieve near-maximal fertility, whereas 2.5 x 10(6) motile fresh sperm result in high nonreturn rates. Multiple inseminations to bracket the time of ovulation are usually not economical except in superovulated cows. Earlier unpublished work on sperm packaging for slow release in the cow and methods for stabilizing membranes to increase sperm survival time in the cow are discussed. Current studies are directed towards reducing catabolic metabolism of sperm and studying membrane changes during freezing and thawing and during incubation with bovine oviduct epithelial cells. Studies with bull sperm indicate that the choline and ethanolamine phosphoglyceride components of their membranes represent an unstable configuration. Exposure of sperm to liposomes with the sterol cholesterol can alter the phospholipid bilayer and increase capacitation time. Similar approaches may produce sperm with a longer fertilizing life following insemination. New procedures in vitro permit low cost modelling of fertilization, which will facilitate research by reducing the cost of studies in vivo.
Identification of acrolein from the ozone oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids (1999)

By-products of lipoperoxidation reactions may be associated with the genesis or the progression of several diseases as arteriosclerosis, diabetes and cancer, among many others. Acrolein, at first a widely distributed environmental pollutant, is currently known as a compound capable of being generated as a result of metabolic reactions within biological systems, highly toxic and the most electrophilic of the alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehydes formed during lipoperoxidation. In the present study: 1. The separation of acrolein and malondialdehyde was achieved at alkaline pH with the use of high voltage capillary electrophoresis in uncoated fused-silica capillaries. 2. It was demonstrated how the oxidation of fatty acids (arachidonic/linoleic) with ozone generates, in dose-dependent form, acrolein as one of the by-products of the lipoperoxidation process. The oxidation of open human erythrocyte membranes with ozone also generated acrolein. 3. After aldolic condensation, aldol-acrolein derivative has a positive reaction with 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) and shows a maximum absorption at 498 nm. This novel characteristic is used in its identification after the separation of the by-products. 4. It is possible to suggest that in the classic reaction of the denominated thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), when used as an indicator of the degree of peroxidation in biological systems, a portion of acrolein could be present but dwarfed by the TBA-MDA adduct.
Fiberoptic Airway Endoscopy in Anesthesia and Critical Care (1990)

A practical introduction to the use of flexible fiberscopes in airway management, written primarily for anesthesiologists and nurse anesthetists, but also useful for any physician involved with critical care in emergency room or intensive care units. A primary aim is to convince practitioners of th
Spurious Elevation of Automated Platelet Counts in Secondary Acute Monocytic Leukemia Associated With Tumor Lysis Syndrome (1999)

The intent of this article is to describe the effect of tumor lysis on automated platelet counts in therapy-related, secondary acute monocytic leukemia. The first patient was a 69-year-old man with large cell carcinoma of the lung who developed acute monocytic leukemia 1(1/2) years after initiation of radiation and chemotherapy for his carcinoma. The second patient was a 72-year-old female with peripheral T-cell lymphoma who developed acute monocytic leukemia 1 year after initiation of chemotherapy for her lymphoma. Platelet counts were determined by the automated Coulter (STKS) counter. Both patients had clinical and laboratory evidences of tumor lysis syndrome and disseminated intravascular coagulation. The peripheral blood smears revealed numerous fragments of leukemic cells and apoptotic cells with pyknotic nuclei. The Coulter machine enumerated these cellular fragments as platelets, resulting in falsely elevated platelet counts. Awareness of this laboratory artifact in secondary acute monocytic leukemia with tumor lysis syndrome is important so that potential life-threatening thrombocytopenia is not overlooked.
''Will Check-in for Badges'': Understanding Bias and Misbehavior on Location-Based Social Networks (2021)

Social computing researchers are using data from location-based social networks (LBSN), e.g., "Check-in" traces, as approximations of human movement. Recent work has questioned the validity of this approach, showing large discrepancies between check-in data and actual user mobility. To further validate and understand such discrepancies, we perform a crowdsourced study of Foursquare users that seeks to a) quantify bias and misrepresentation in check-in datasets and the impact of self-selection in prior studies, and b) understand the motivations behind misrepresentation of check-ins, and the potential impact of any system changes designed to curtail such misbehavior. Our results confirm the presence of significant misrepresentation of location check-ins on Foursquare. They also show that while "extraneous" check-ins are motivated by external rewards provided by the system, "missing" check-ins are motivated by personal concerns such as location privacy. Finally, we discuss the broader implications of our findings to the use of check-in datasets in future research on human mobility.
Inhibition of ATR-Dependent Signaling by Protoapigenone and Its Derivative Sensitizes Cancer Cells to Interstrand Cross-link–Generating Agents <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> (2012)

DNA damage caused during cancer treatment can rapidly activate the ataxia telangiectasia-mutated (ATM) and ATM and Rad3-related (ATR)-dependent phosphorylation of Chk2 and Chk1 kinases, which are hallmarks of the DNA damage response (DDR). Pharmacologic inhibition of ATR causes a synthetic lethal effect on ATM- or p53-defective cancers, suggesting that such inhibition is an effective way to improve the sensitivity of cancers to DNA-damaging agents. Here, both the natural compound protoapigenone (WYC02) and its synthetic derivative WYC0209 exhibited cytotoxic effects on various cancer cell lines. WYC02 causes chromosomal aberration in the mitotic spreads of Chinese hamster ovary cells. Interestingly, cancer cells did not exhibit typical DDR markers upon exposure to WYC02 and WYC0209 (WYCs). Further investigation into the molecular mechanisms of WYCs function revealed that they have a potential ability to inhibit DDR, particularly on activation of Chk1 and Fanconi anemia group D2 protein (FANCD2), but not Chk2. In this way, WYCs inhibited ATR-mediated DNA damage checkpoint and repair. Furthermore, when combined with the DNA cross-linking agent cisplatin, treatment with WYCs resulted in increased tumor sensitivity to interstrand cross-link-generating agents both in vitro and in vivo. Our results therefore especially implicate WYCs in enhancing tumor chemosensitivity when the ATR checkpoint is constitutively active in states of oncogene-driven replicative stress or tolerance to DNA-interfering agents.
Sulfur amino acid utilization by growing steers. (1997)

Studies were conducted to quantify sulfur amino acid requirements of growing steers. In Exp. 1, six steers (160 kg) were used to determine the methionine requirement in the presence of excess L-Cys. Treatments were abomasal infusion of water only or water plus 2, 4, 6, 8, or 10g/d of L-Met. Steers were fed 2.4 kg/d DM of a diet designed to minimize basal Met supply to the small intestine. Continuous ruminal infusions of VFA (506 g/d) and abomasal infusions of dextrose (150 g/d) increased energy supply to the abomasum. Break-point analysis estimated maximal N retention at 5.8 g/d supplemental L-Met. The basal absorbable Met supply was 2.1 g/d; therefore, the total Met requirement was 7.9 g/d when excess Cys was available. In Exp. 2, five steers (195 kg) were used to determine the efficiency of transsulfuration. Treatments were abomasal infusion of water only or water plus 1.62 or 3.25 g/d L-Cys or 2 o4 g/d L-Met. Diet and infusions were similar to those on Exp. 1, except the amino acid mixture was devoid of Cys and all steers received 4 g/d L-Met to make total sulfur amino acids, but not necessarily Met, limiting. Nitrogen retention increased in response to Met but not Cys infusion and was maximized at 2 g/d supplemental L-Met; thus, the total Met requirement was near 8.4 g/d when the Cys supply was 2.1 g/d. Supplemental Cys did not spare Met, suggesting that nonprotein functions of Met may be quantitatively important.
Photoacoustic lifetime contrast between methylene blue monomers and self-quenched dimers as a model for dual-labeled activatable probes (2013)

Activatable photoacoustic probes efficiently combine the high spatial resolution and penetration depth of ultrasound with the high optical contrast and versatility of molecular imaging agents. Our approach is based on photoacoustic probing of the excited-state lifetime of methylene blue (MB), a fluorophore widely used in clinical therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Upon aggregation, static quenching between the bound molecules dramatically shortens their lifetime by three orders of magnitude. We present preliminary results demonstrating the ability of photoacoustic imaging to probe the lifetime contrast between monomers and dimers with high sensitivity in cylindrical phantoms. Gradual dimerization enhancement, driven by the addition of increasing concentrations of sodium sulfate to a MB solution, showed that lifetime-based photoacoustic probing decreases linearly with monomer concentration. Similarly, the addition of 4 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate, a concentration that amplifies MB aggregation and reduces the monomer concentration by more than 20-fold, led to a signal decrease of more than 20 dB compared to a solution free of surfactant. These results suggest that photoacoustic imaging can be used to selectively detect the presence of monomers. We conclude by discussing the implementation of the monomer-dimer contrast mechanism for the development of an enzyme-specific activatable probe.
Tachykinin‐induced contraction of the guinea‐pig isolated oesophageal mucosa is mediated by NK<sub>2</sub> receptors (2000)

1. The tachykinin receptor present in the guinea-pig oesophageal mucosa that mediates contractile responses of the muscularis mucosae has been characterized, using functional in vitro experiments. 2. The NK(1) receptor-selective agonist, [Sar(9)(O(2))Met(11)]SP and the NK(3) receptor-selective agonists, [MePhe(7)]-NKB and senktide, produced no response at submicromolar concentrations. The NK(2) receptor-selective agonists, [Nle(10)]-NKA(4 - 10), and GR 64,349 produced concentration-dependent contractile effects with pD(2) values of 8.20+/-0.16 and 8.30+/-0.15, respectively. 3. The concentration-response curve to the non-selective agonist, NKA (pD(2)=8.13+/-0.04) was shifted significantly rightwards only by the NK(2) receptor-selective antagonist, GR 159,897 and was unaffected by the NK(1) receptor-selective antagonist, SR 140,333 and the NK(3) receptor-selective antagonist, SB 222,200. 4. The NK(2) receptor-selective antagonist, GR 159,897, exhibited an apparent competitive antagonism against the NK(2) receptor-selective agonist, GR 64,349 (apparent pK(B) value=9.29+/-0.16) and against the non-selective agonist, NKA (apparent pK(B) value=8.71+/-0.19). 5. The NK(2) receptor-selective antagonist, SR 48,968 exhibited a non-competitive antagonism against the NK(2) receptor-selective agonist, [Nle(10)]-NKA(4 - 10). The pK(B) value was 10.84+/-0.19.6. It is concluded that the guinea-pig isolated oesophageal mucosa is a useful preparation for studying the effects of NK(2) receptor-selective agonists and antagonists as the contractile responses to various tachykinins are mediated solely by NK(2) receptors.
Electrochemical investigation of a series of peroxo-bridged binuclear cobalt complexes (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectrochemical investigation of a series of peroxo-bridged binuclear cobalt complexesWesley R. Harris, George L. McLendon, Arthur E. Martell, Robert C. Bess, and Michael MasonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1980, 19, 1, 21–26Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50203a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50203a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views309Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Specific Detection and Prevalence of <i>Helicobacter heilmannii</i> -Like Organisms in the Human Gastric Mucosa by Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization and Partial 16S Ribosomal DNA Sequencing (2001)

Gastric infection with Helicobacter heilmannii (previously known as Gastrospirillum hominis) is invariably linked with the presence of chronic gastritis and the risk of developing low-grade mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma in humans. In contrast to Helicobacter pylori, various H. heilmannii species colonize the stomachs of domestic animals, which might be a reservoir for transmission to humans (zoonosis). To identify the number and prevalence of different H. heilmanni types in humans, we analyzed 89 gastric biopsy samples histologically identified as H. heilmannii positive by fluorescence in situ hybridization. Of these gastric specimens, 84 (94.4%) contained a single H. heilmannii type. In five samples, however, two different H. heilmannii types were detected. The most prevalent species in monoinfected samples is H. heilmannii type 1, found in 78.5% (66 of 84) of the specimens, followed by a novel H. heilmannii-like organism (HHLO), HHLO type 4, identified in 9.6% (8 of 84) of tissue sections. H. heilmannii type 2 and a further HHLO type not described before, type 3, were found in 8.3% (7 of 84) and 1.2% (1 of 84) of the monoinfected samples, respectively. Additionally, HHLO type 5 with a 16S ribosomal DNA sequence identical to that of Helicobacter salomonis was found with a prevalence of 2.4% (2 of 89). Thirteen of these biopsy samples were also investigated by a PCR approach developed for this study that allows a Helicobacter-specific amplification of a variable portion of the 16S rRNA gene and subsequent sequencing. In total, five different types of HHLOs could be identified within these samples. We conclude that humans can be infected by at least five different HHLO types, which presumably have their origin in animal species like dogs, cats, and pigs.
Generating XML structure using examples and constraints (2008)

This paper presents a framework for automatically generating structural XML documents. The user provides a target DTD and an example of an XML document, called a Generate-XML-By-Example Document , or a GxBE document , for short. GxBE documents use a natural declarative syntax, which includes XPath expressions and the function count. Using GxBE documents, users can express important global and local characteristics for the desired target documents, and can require satisfaction of XPath expressions from a given workload. This paper explores the problem of efficiently generating a document that satisfies a given DTD and GxBE document.
Preparation and Properties of Polymeric Nano Composite Film on Surface of Sintered NdFeB Permanent Magnet (2013)

A nanofilm(TES-SAMs) was prepared by self-assembly of 6-(3-triethoxysilylpropylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol monosodium(TES) on a sintered NdFeB surface.A nano composite film(TES-ATP) was then prepared on the TES-SAMs surface by a self-developed polymer plating technique using 6-(N-allyl-1,1,2,2-tetrahydroperfluorodecylamino)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol monosodium(ATP).The surface of the TES-SAMs and TES-ATP were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectroscopy,spectroscopic ellipsometry,atomic force microscopy(AFM),and contact angle measurements.A UMT-2 tribometer was used to investigate their micro-tribological properties.The experimental results showed that the thicknesses of TES-SAMs and TES-ATP were 5.08 and 29.78 nm,respectively.The surface free energy of TES-ATP and TES-SAMs decreased from 73.13 mJ·m-2 for the substrate to 10.19 and 63.39 mJ·m-2,respectively.The contact angle of distilled water on TES-ATP was 123.5°,indicating transformation from a hydrophilic surface to a hydrophobic one.The friction coefficient was effectively reduced from 0.71 for the substrate to 0.22 for TES-SAMs and 0.12 for TES-ATP.In addition,the TES-ATP composite film possessed excellent anti-wear ability.Thus,the present TES-ATP composite film provides a novel approach to solving tribological issues in micro-electro-mechaanical system(MEMS).
Rapid Onset Relational Memory Effects Are Evident in Eye Movement Behavior, but Not in Hippocampal Amnesia (2007)

Little is known about the mechanisms by which memory for relations is accomplished, or about the time course of the critical processes. Here, eye movement measures were used to examine the time course of subjects' access to and use of relational memory. In four experiments, participants studied faces superimposed on scenic backgrounds and were tested with three-face displays superimposed on the scenes viewed earlier. Participants exhibited disproportionate viewing of the face originally studied with the scene, compared to other equally familiar faces in the test display. When a preview of a previously viewed scene was provided, permitting expectancies about the to-be-presented face to emerge, disproportionate viewing was manifested within 500-750 msec after test display onset, more than a full second in advance of explicit behavioral responses, and occurred even when overt responses were not required. In the absence of preview, the viewing effects were delayed by approximately 1 sec. Relational memory effects were absent in the eye movement behavior of amnesic patients with hippocampal damage, suggesting that these effects depend critically on the hippocampal system. The results provide an index of memory for face-scene relations, indicate the time by which retrieval and identification of these relations occur, and suggest that retrieval and use of relational memory depends critically on the hippocampus and occurs obligatorily, regardless of response requirements.
Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells with Low Donor Concentration (2011)

A high-performance organic photovoltaic cell with C70 as the sole absorber, mixed with 1,1-bis-(4-bis(4-methyl-phenyl)-amino-phenyl)-cyclohexane (TAPC), is fabricated and demonstrates a power conersion efficiency of 5.2%. With fullerene as the acceptor, high open-circuit voltages are achieved using a donor–acceptor bulk heterojunction with a low concentration of donor in conjunction with MoOx as a Schottky barrier contact.
Physiological Guidelines for the Design of Manual Lifting and Lowering Tasks: The State of the Art (1988)

The goal of many researchers and practitioners of occupational health and safety has been to design manual materials handling (MMH) tasks so as to reduce the frequency and severity of overexertion injuries usually associated with these types of tasks. Physiological limits with respect to the manual lifting and lowering aspects of MMH have been reviewed and evaluated. The information provided by different researchers has been presented in a concise manner that is easily accessed by designers and practitioners of MMH. Recommendations for future research in determining physiological limits of individuals engaged in manual lifting and lowering tasks and other aspects of MMH activities have been provided.
In vivo efficacy of a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, ceftriaxone, against penicillin-susceptible and -resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in a mouse pneumonia model (1994)

The increasing emergence of penicillin-resistant (Pr) strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae could pose a therapeutic problem in the next few years. Ceftriaxone (CRO), a broad-spectrum cephalosporin, exhibits a smaller increase in MICs against Pr S. pneumoniae strains than amoxicillin (AMO) (usually referred as to the "gold standard" therapy for pneumococcal infections). Therefore, we compared their respective efficacies in a leukopenic Swiss mouse model of pneumococcal pneumonia. Infection was induced with two serotype 19 strains: a penicillin-susceptible (Ps) strain (MICs of < 0.01 for penicillin, 0.03 for AMO, and 0.03 for CRO) and a Pr strain (MICs of 4 for penicillin, 2 for AMO, and 0.5 for CRO). Untreated mice died within 2 or 3 days. Against the Ps strain, the minimal protective dose (two subcutaneous injections at 12-h intervals for 3 days) for both CRO and AMO was 5 mg/kg of body weight (87% survivors). Ten-fold-increased doses of CRO (50 mg/kg) gave similar protection (75% survivors) against the Pr strain, whereas 20- and 40-fold-increased doses of AMO protected 0 and 34% of the animals, respectively, against the Ps strain. CRO had a marked and prolonged antibacterial effect in the lungs (2.7-log-unit reduction of CFU in 24 h after a single 50-mg/kg injection) against the Pr strain in comparison with AMO. A standard dosage of 50 mg of CRO per kg in mice resulted in peak levels in serum and protein binding comparable to those observed with 1 g given intravenously in humans. This dosage remained effective against a highly Pr S. pneumoniae strain in this model. The microbiological activity and pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties of CRO (time during which concentrations exceed the MIC for the test pathogen [delta t MIC], > or less than 8 h; and peak/MIC ratio, >90 for free active drug) accounted for its efficacy relative to AMO (50 mg/kg: delta t MIC, <2; peak/MIC ratio, <25) against the highly Pr S. pneumoniae strain used in this study.