gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tumor-Expressed Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Controls Induction of Functional Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells through Modulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Release (2012)

Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) is a hallmark of chronic inflammation that is also overexpressed in melanoma and other cancers. Whereas iNOS is a known effector of myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-mediated immunosuppression, its pivotal position at the interface of inflammation and cancer also makes it an attractive candidate regulator of MDSC recruitment. We hypothesized that tumor-expressed iNOS controls MDSC accumulation and acquisition of suppressive activity in melanoma. CD11b(+)GR1(+) MDSC derived from mouse bone marrow cells cultured in the presence of MT-RET-1 mouse melanoma cells or conditioned supernatants expressed STAT3 and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and efficiently suppressed T cell proliferation. Inhibition of tumor-expressed iNOS with the small molecule inhibitor L-NIL blocked accumulation of STAT3/ROS-expressing MDSC, and abolished their suppressive function. Experiments with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-depleting Ab and recombinant VEGF identified a key role for VEGF in the iNOS-dependent induction of MDSC. These findings were further validated in mice bearing transplantable MT-RET-1 melanoma, in which L-NIL normalized elevated serum VEGF levels; downregulated activated STAT3 and ROS production in MDSC; and reversed tumor-mediated immunosuppression. These beneficial effects were not observed in iNOS knockout mice, suggesting L-NIL acts primarily on tumor- rather than host-expressed iNOS to regulate MDSC function. A significant decrease in tumor growth and a trend toward increased tumor-infiltrating CD8(+) T cells were also observed in MT-RET transgenic mice bearing spontaneous tumors. These data suggest a critical role for tumor-expressed iNOS in the recruitment and induction of functional MDSC by modulation of tumor VEGF secretion and upregulation of STAT3 and ROS in MDSC.
Engaging music : essays in music analysis (2005)

This collection of 21 model essays written by some of the most highly regarded contemporary North American scholars in music theory is designed to provide advanced undergraduates and graduates majoring in music with exemplary models of music analysis. The book would be a useful supplement to the scores that are studies in upper level Form and Analysis courses. The topics range from Purcell and Bach to the classical (Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven), 19th-century masters (Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, Chopin, and Wagner) and 20th-century (Bartok, Schoenberg, Webern). Also included are analyses of popular music (jazz, rock, the Beatles) and a recent work by Barbara Kolb.
Contrast enhancement using histogram equalization based on logarithmic mapping (2012)

A widely used contrast enhancement method, the histogram equalization (HE) often produces images with unnatural appearances and visually disturbing artifacts because the HE compels the enhanced image to follow the uniform distribution. An adaptive histogram equalization using logarithmic mapping is presented, with a proposed algorithm based on a bin underflow and overflow method that achieves contrast enhancement by putting constraints on each histogram component differently. To incorporate characteristics of the human visual system, the logarithmic mapping function is used as constraint function, while the rate of contrast enhancement is controlled by determining the control parameters with the characteristics of the original image. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm not only keeps the original histogram shape features, but also enhances the contrast effectively. Due to its simplicity, the proposed algorithm can be applied by simple hardware and processed in a real-time system.
Poly-L-proline (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPoly-L-prolineArieh Berger, Joseph Kurtz, and Ephraim KatchalskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 21, 5552–5554Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01650a082https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01650a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views693Altmetric-Citations127LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation and characterization of an improved Cu2+–cyclen polyurethane material that catalyzes generation of nitric oxide from S-nitrosothiols (2012)

A new, stable and highly efficient Cu(2+)-cyclen-polyurethane material is described and shown to exhibit improved performance compared to prior materials for the catalytic decomposition of S-nitrosothiols to physiologically active nitric oxide.
The effect of high acceptor dopant concentration of Zn<sup>2 </sup>on electrical, optical and structural properties of the In<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>transparent conducting thin films (2002)

In this paper, deposition and electrical, optical and structural characterizations of the In2O3:Zn transparent conducting thin films are investigated. At first, undoped and non-stoichiometric n-In2O3 thin films are deposited using an alcoholic solution by spray pyrolysis technique. Then, in order to prepare Zn-doped In2O3 thin films, certain amounts of zinc chloride are added to the initial solution. Finally, the effects of Zn doping on electrical, optical and structural properties of In2O3 films are studied. The results of XRD analysis, Hall effect experiment and resistivity measurement of films indicate that no phase change in In2O3 lattice occurs in high acceptor doping condition, and for a given acceptor dopant (Zn2+) concentration (∼6wt% in solution), electrical conductivity increases sharply and p-conductivity dominates.
The affinity‐labelling of cathepsin s with peptidyl diazomethyl ketones (1993)

Since peptidyl diazomethyl ketones are useful irreversible inhibitors for inactivating cysteinyl proteinases in vitro and in vivo and in order to reveal their role, we set out to obtain selective and effective reagents for cathepsin S. A number of such derivatives with hydrophobic amino acid residues, such as valine, leucine and tryptophane in positions adjacent to the primary specificity site were synthesized and these provided inhibitors rapidly acting at high dilution. For example, 1 nM Z-Leu-Leu-Nle-CHN2 inactivates cathepsin S with k2nd = 4.6 x 10(6) M-1 x s-1 at pH 6.5, 25 degrees C. Similarities to the specificities of cathepsin L and calpain were evident. However, Z-Val-Val-NleCHN2 is over 300 times more effective in inactivating S than L. On the other hand, Z-Phe-Tyr(t-Bu)CHN2 is about 10(4) more effective against L than S. Reagents are thus now available for a clear discrimination between these proteases.
Measurement of Parameters of Low Temperature Technological Plasmas (2005)

Abstract. Time-resolved Langmuir probe technique was used for determination of parameters of the hollow cathode plasma jet system used for plasma enhanced deposition of various thin films. Plasma parameters, such as electron distribution, electron density, or effective electron temperature, were measured in continuous wave radio-frequency (RF), pulse-modulated RF, continuous direct current (DC), and pulsed DC mode of the plasma jet excitation. Further, measurements of ion current to the substrate during deposition are presented. A method using measurement of RF current and voltage on the substrate is used. A simple theory for determination of the ion part of the RF current to the substrate is described and its applicability to the hollow cathode plasma jet deposition system is discussed.
Control of Apoptosis in the Immune System: Bcl-2, BH3-Only Proteins and More (2003)

Apoptotic cell death plays a critical role in the development and functioning of the immune system. During differentiation, apoptosis weeds out lymphocytes lacking useful antigen receptors and those expressing dangerous ones. Lymphocyte death is also involved in limiting the magnitude and duration of immune responses to infection. In this review, we describe the role of the Bcl-2 protein family, and to a lesser extent that of death receptors (members of the tumor necrosis factor receptor family with a death domain), in the control of lymphoid and myeloid cell survival. We also consider the pathogenic consequences of failure of apoptosis in the immune system.
Laser Cut Sheet Laminated Forming Dies by Diffusion Bonding (1985)

This paper describes a manufacturing system to produce 3-D forming dies by laminating laser cut sheets with suitable profiles. The steps involved in this system are generation of 3-D curved surface, determination of the number of sheets and the profiles on each of them forming the surface, laser beam cutting sheets into cross section shape., laminating them to form the die surfaces with steps and solid state bonding of sheets followed by CNC milling and polishing.
Topoisomerase II inhibitors affect entry into mitosis and chromosome condensation in BHK cells. (1996)

DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) is required at mitosis in yeast for high chromosome condensation and for chromosome segregation. Recent studies on intact mammalian cells using topo II inhibitors that do not stabilize cleavable complexes also suggest a requirement for topo II for complete chromosome condensation and perhaps also for entry into mitosis. We have investigated the effects of merbarone, ICRF-187, and aclarubicin, three topo II inhibitors that do not stabilize the cleavable complex, on entry into mitosis and on chromosome condensation in BHK and in tsBN2 cells. We have compared their effects with those of etoposide, a topo II inhibitor that stabilizes the cleavable complex. All inhibitors induced a concentration-dependent G2 delay or arrest that could be overcome with fostriecin or okadaic acid or by inactivation of RCC1 in tsBN2 cells. Mitotic chromosomes from cells treated with etoposide were extensively fragmented, whereas mitotic chromosomes from cells treated with merbarone, ICRF-187, or aclarubicin were intact but elongated and tangled. These results provide strong evidence that topo II activity is required in chromosome condensation for final coiling of the chromatids. Our results also indicate that protein phosphatases and RCC1 play a role in G2 delay induced by all inhibitors, whether they do or do not stabilize the cleavable complex.
Dip Moveout And Prestack Imaging (1986)

ABSTRACT Dip moveout is presented as a data conditioning process in which a diffraction surface in midpoint-offset-time space is transformed into a surface of revolution. Pre-stack imaging operates on constant-time slices of the data, after dip moveout has been applied, in which diffractions appear as circles, adds data along these circles, and plots the sum at the largest offset point of each circle. After both operations, a standard velocity analysis and stacking algorithm produces a migrated section. Both operations are independent of velocity. INTRODUCTION Two problems commonly associated with CDP stacking are (1) a loss of resolution because the reflection point moves updip as the offset increases and (2) the stacking velocity depends on the dip angle of the reflector. The first problem is particularly severe if the reflection point moves across a fault as it moves updip, as indicated in Figure 1. The second problem means that stacking velocities are not appropriate for migration after stack. Dip moveout (DMO) helps with both problems, as first explained by Judson et al. (1976). There is less loss of resolution because the gathers, after DMO, have events with common reflection points. Also, the stacking velocity is not so dependent on the angle of dip and is more useful for selecting velocities to migrate the data after stack. However, the stacking velocity is estimated at the slant travel time T2 and not at the vertical travel time To, as one would wish. DMO can be followed by another processing step called pre-stack imaging (PSI). After PSI, the data are migrated but not yet stacked. In other words, gathers formed after DMO and PSI have been applied can be stacked using a standard velocity analysis and stack program. In this case, there is no loss of resolution, the stacking velocity gives the root-mean-square velocity at time To, and the stacked traces are fully migrated. Both DMO and PSI are independent of velocity. The processes do not have to be repeated if the velocity is changed. The selection of velocity is made at the last step when the migrated traces are being stacked. Thus the velocity analysis may be more robust because the traces used in the analysis have a better signal to noise ratio. This paper gives an overview of both processes and illustrates the algorithms by showing how a diffraction in multi-fold data is summed and plotted at a point. THREE-STEP PRE-STACK MIGRATION The first step is DMO. Viewing a 2D multi-fold line as a three-dimensional space with axes m (the midpoint coordinate), h (half the offset), and t (time), as shown in Figure 2, we can see that DMO operates on vertical sections with constant h. The original data cube is transformed into a new cube by processing the constant-offset sections one by one.
RACK1 Regulates Directional Cell Migration by Acting on Gβγ at the Interface with Its Effectors PLCβ and PI3Kγ (2008)

Migration of cells up the chemoattractant gradients is mediated by the binding of chemoattractants to G protein-coupled receptors and activation of a network of coordinated excitatory and inhibitory signals. Although the excitatory process has been well studied, the molecular nature of the inhibitory signals remains largely elusive. Here we report that the receptor for activated C kinase 1 (RACK1), a novel binding protein of heterotrimeric G protein betagamma (G betagamma) subunits, acts as a negative regulator of directed cell migration. After chemoattractant-induced polarization of Jurkat and neutrophil-like differentiated HL60 (dHL60) cells, RACK1 interacts with G betagamma and is recruited to the leading edge. Down-regulation of RACK1 dramatically enhances chemotaxis of cells, whereas overexpression of RACK1 or a fragment of RACK1 that retains G betagamma-binding capacity inhibits cell migration. Further studies reveal that RACK1 does not modulate cell migration through binding to other known interacting proteins such as PKC beta and Src. Rather, RACK1 selectively inhibits G betagamma-stimulated phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma (PI3K gamma) and phospholipase C (PLC) beta activity, due to the competitive binding of RACK1, PI3K gamma, and PLC beta to G betagamma. Taken together, these findings provide a novel mechanism of regulating cell migration, i.e., RACK1-mediated interference with G betagamma-dependent activation of key effectors critical for chemotaxis.
Training Conditional Random Fields for Maximum Labelwise Accuracy (2007)

We consider the problem of training a conditional random field (CRF) to maximize per-label predictive accuracy on a training set, an approach motivated by the principle of empirical risk minimization. We give a gradient-based procedure for minimizing an arbitrarily accurate approximation of the empirical risk under a Hamming loss function. In experiments with both simulated and real data, our optimization procedure gives significantly better testing performance than several current approaches for CRF training, especially in situations of high label noise.
Automatically Tuning Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication for GPU Architectures (2010)

Graphics processors are increasingly used in scientific applications due to their high computational power, which comes from hardware with multiple-level parallelism and memory hierarchy. Sparse matrix computations frequently arise in scientific applications, for example, when solving PDEs on unstructured grids. However, traditional sparse matrix algorithms are difficult to efficiently parallelize for GPUs due to irregular patterns of memory references. In this paper we present a new storage format for sparse matrices that better employs locality, has low memory footprint and enables automatic specialization for various matrices and future devices via parameter tuning. Experimental evaluation demonstrates significant speedups compared to previously published results.
Apelin (APLN) and Apelin Receptor (APLNR) in Human Ovary: Expression, Signaling, and Regulation of Steroidogenesis in Primary Human Luteinized Granulosa Cells (2016)

Apelin (APLN) is a recently discovered adipokine involved in the regulation of various metabolic functions. Its receptor, APLNR, is expressed in reproductive tissues, however, its role in human ovarian cells is unknown. In this study, we identified APLN and APLNR in human ovarian follicles and analyzed their expression in granulosa cells and follicular fluid obtained from obese and nonobese patients, with or without polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). We also investigated the effect of APLN on steroidogenesis in cultured human luteinized granulosa cells (hGCs) from nonobese patients without PCOS. Using RT-PCR and immunoblotting, we found that APLN and APLNR were expressed in hGCs and cumulus and theca cells. We confirmed these data immunohistochemically and observed that APLNR and APLN are present in human oocytes at different stages of follicular development. In patients with PCOS, we observed that follicular fluid APLN concentration and granulosa cell APLN and APLNR mRNA expression was higher than that observed in control patients. In cultured hGCs from nonobese patients without PCOS, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) increased APLNR expression, and recombinant human APLN (APLN-13 and APLN-17) increased both basal and IGF1-induced steroid secretion. These effects on steroid production were reversed when cultured in the presence of ML221, an APLNR antagonist, which was associated with an increased 3beta-hydrosteroid dehydrogenase (HSD3B) protein concentration. We showed that these effects were dependent on the activation of the AKT and MAPK3/1 pathways using pharmacological inhibitors. Our results show that APLN and APLNR are present in human ovarian cells and APLN increases IGF1-induced steroidogenesis in granulosa cells through an increase in HSD3B protein expression and activation of the MAPK3/1 and Akt pathways. Therefore, APLN and APLNR may play a role in human follicular development and the pathogenesis of PCOS.
IL-1 Receptor Antagonist Prevents Apoptosis and Caspase-3 Activation after Spinal Cord Injury (2001)

One of the consequences of cytokine-orchestrated inflammation after CNS trauma is apoptosis. Our hypothesis is that cell death in the spinal cord after injury results in part from increased synthesis and release of IL-1beta. Using a ribonuclease protection assay, we demonstrated that there is increased transient expression of IL-1beta mRNA and, by using IL-1beta protein ELISA assay, that there are increased IL-1beta protein levels in the contused rat spinal cord, initially localized to the impact region of the spinal cord (segment T8). Using an ELISA cell death assay, we showed that there is apoptosis in the spinal cord 72 h after injury, a finding that was confirmed by measuring caspase-3 activity, which also significantly increased at the site of injury 72 h after trauma. Treatment of the contused spinal cord at the site of injury with the IL-1 receptor antagonist (rmIL-lra, 750 ng/mL) for 72 h using an osmotic minipump completely abolished the increases in contusion-induced apoptosis and caspase-3 activity.
Incremental circuit simulation analysis for design modification and verification (2009)

A novel circuit simulation methodology, incremental circuit SPICE analysis, is presented with the foundational circuit simulation algorithm. When a circuit in design is modified from one version to another, only the change in the circuit is simulated and analyzed. The approach is well applied into design process for circuit parametric modification and functionality verification. By reusing simulation result from successive version, the algorithm reduces the duplicated operations in simulation. The examples show the new approach increases simulation speed about 10 times over the traditional method.
Object recognition via information-theoretic measures/metrics (2007)

Discrimination of friendly or hostile objects is investigated using information-theory measures/metric in an image which has been compromised by a number of factors. In aerial military images, objects with different orientations can be reasonably approximated by a single identification signature consisting of the average histogram of the object under rotations. Three different information-theoretic measures/metrics are studied as possible criteria to help classify the objects. The first measure is the standard mutual information (MI) between the sampled object and the library object signatures. A second measure is based on information efficiency, which differs from MI. Finally an information distance metric is employed which determines the distance, in an information sense, between the sampled object and the library object. It is shown that the three (parsimonious) information-theoretic variables introduced here form an independent basis in the sense that any variable in the information channel can be uniquely expressed in terms of the three parameters introduced here. The methodology discussed is tested on a sample set of standardized images to evaluate their efficacy. A performance standardization methodology is presented which is based on manipulation of contrast, brightness, and size attributes of the sample objects of interest.
Engineering and mechanistic studies of the<i>Arabidopsis</i>FAE1 β‐ketoacyl‐CoA synthase, FAE1 KCS (2002)

The Arabidopsis FAE1 beta-ketoacyl-CoA synthase (FAE1 KCS) catalyzes the condensation of malonyl-CoA with long-chain acyl-CoAs. Sequence analysis of FAE1 KCS predicted that this condensing enzyme is anchored to a membrane by two adjacent N-terminal membrane-spanning domains. In order to characterize the FAE1 KCS and analyze its mechanism, FAE1 KCS and its mutants were engineered with a His6-tag at their N-terminus, and expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The membrane-bound enzyme was then solubilized and purified to near homogeneity on a metal affinity column. Wild-type recombinant FAE1 KCS was active with several acyl-CoA substrates, with highest activity towards saturated and monounsaturated C16 and C18. In the absence of an acyl-CoA substrate, FAE1 KCS was unable to carry out decarboxylation of [3-(14)C]malonyl-CoA, indicating that it requires binding of the acyl-CoA for decarboxylation activity. Site-directed mutagenesis was carried out on the FAE1 KCS to assess if this condensing enzyme was mechanistically related to the well characterized soluble condensing enzymes of fatty acid and flavonoid syntheses. A C223A mutant enzyme lacking the acylation site was unable to carry out decarboxylation of malonyl-CoA even when 18:1-CoA was present. Mutational analyses of the conserved Asn424 and His391 residues indicated the importance of these residues for FAE1-KCS activity. The results presented here provide the initial analysis of the reaction mechanism for a membrane-bound condensing enzyme from any source and provide evidence for a mechanism similar to the soluble condensing enzymes.