gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The effects of flumazenil on sleepiness, task performance and nocturnal sleep after anesthesia with midazolam (2001)

The purpose of the present study was to clarify the changes in psychophysiological functions after anesthesia with midazolam (intravenous (i.v.) benzodiazepine anesthetic) and to examine the ability of flumazenil (benzodiazepine antagonist) to prevent the adverse effects of anesthesia with midazolam. Clinical dose of midazolam (0.1 mg/kg i.v.) was administered to seven healthy volunteers and either flumazenil (0.3 mg i.v.) or saline was injected at the end of the anesthesia. After anesthesia with midazolam, subjective sleepiness and euphoria increased significantly, but these changes were not observed when flumazenil was administered. In addition, sleep latency was prolonged and sleep efficiency decreased significantly after midazolam anesthesia with and without flumazenil. Slow wave sleep decreased significantly only by co-administration of flumazenil.
Development of a Corrugated Test Specimen for Composite Materials Energy Absorption (2008)

One of the key factors preventing the widespread adoption of composites in primary crash structures is the absence of specialized test methods for the characterization of specific energy absorption (SEA). Aside from thin-walled tubular specimens, a limited number of attempts have been made at using a plate specimen, which is easier to manufacture but requires complex anti-buckling fixtures. A new method, featuring a corrugated plate, which can be easily manufactured and is self-stabilizing and hence does not require a dedicated test fixture, is suggested here. A systematic investigation is performed to validate the possibility of using such specimen to screen candidate material systems and laminate designs, with the specific goal of isolating the sensitivity of the method to intrinsic specimen parameters.
Robust phase unwrapping for MR temperature imaging using a magnitude‐sorted list, multi‐clustering algorithm (2014)

The algorithm has been demonstrated to operate robustly with clinical in vivo data in this study. The processing time for common regions of interest in referenceless MR temperature imaging allows for online updates of temperature maps without noticeable delay.
The effect of Freund's complete adjuvant on the cellular response in mice to sheep erythrocytes. (1975)

The effect of Freund's complete adjuvant on the cellular response in BALB/c mice to SRBC was studied using techniques based on immunocytoadherence (ICA), inhibition of ICA using an antiserum to the theta alloantigen, and immune adherence (IA). Particular attention was paid to the cellular morphology of the responding lymph nodes, details of which are described.
A 12b 100 MS/s Three-Step Hybrid Pipeline ADC Based on Time-Interleaved SAR ADCs (2014)

This work proposes a 12b 100 MS/s 0.11 μm CMOS three-step hybrid pipeline ADC for highspeed communication and mobile display systems requiring high resolution, low power, and small size. The first stage based on time-interleaved dualchannel SAR ADCs properly handles the Nyquist-rate input without a dedicated SHA. An input sampling clock for each SAR ADC is synchronized to a reference clock to minimize a sampling-time mismatch between the channels. Only one residue amplifier is employed and shared in the proposed ADC for the first-stage SAR ADCs as well as the MDAC of back-end pipeline stages. The shared amplifier, in particular, reduces performance degradation caused by offset and gain mismatches between two channels of the SAR ADCs. Two separate reference voltages relieve a reference disturbance due to the different operating frequencies of the front-end SAR ADCs and the back-end pipeline stages. The prototype ADC in a 0.11 μm CMOS shows the measured DNL and INL within 0.38 LSB and 1.21 LSB, respectively. The ADC occupies an active die area of 1.34 mm² and consumes 25.3 mW with a maximum SNDR and SFDR of 60.2 dB and 69.5 dB, respectively, at 1.1 V and 100 MS/s.
A new method for cell volume measurement based on volume exclusion of a fluorescent dye (1983)

Several methods currently in use for measuring mean corpuscular volume include: centrifuged packed cell volume, electronic impedance, and light scattering methods. Although these techniques are widely used and accepted, there are problems inherent to each method which may produce systematic errors that are difficult to estimate. This paper describes a new flow cytometric method of cell volume determination, based on the principle of volume exclusion, which may overcome the systematic errors of the methods currently in use. This method requires that the cells be suspended in a fluorescent dye which is unable to penetrate the cell membrane. The level of fluorescence which is produced when a narrow stream of the cell suspension is excited by a focused laser beam will remain constant until a cell arrives in the illuminated region thereby causing a decrease in fluorescence which is directly proportional to the cell's volume. The volume exclusion method is shown to give an estimate of mean red cell volume which correlates well with existing methods.
On Maximal Subsystems of Root Systems (1968)

Let g be a semisimple Lie algebra over an algebraically closed field K of characteristic 0. Let h be a Cartan subalgebra of g and let Δ be the root system of g with respect to h .
Protection and recovery in influenza virus-infected mice immunosuppressed with anti-IgM. (1985)

BALB/c mice, immunosuppressed from birth with goat anti-mouse IgM, were able to recover from influenza virus infection in the absence of detectable serum and nasal antibody. Recovery was delayed a few days when compared with control animals. Antibody-deficient mice, that had recovered from an initial influenza virus infection, i.e., convalescent mice, were subsequently rechallenged with homologous influenza virus in order to study the importance of nasal and serum antibody in prevention of infection. Convalescent mice were susceptible to reinfection when nasal and serum antibody were not detectable. The mice were resistant to reinfection when serum and/or nasal antibody was detectable by radioimmunoassay. Normal mice that were passively immunized with high titer mouse anti-influenza virus serum were susceptible to challenge with homologous influenza virus. The serum antibody levels in these mice were higher than most of those found in the immune convalescent mice suppressed with anti-IgM, thereby suggesting that the serum antibody, found in convalescent suppressed mice, is not protective. We conclude that 1) mice can recover from influenza virus infection in the absence of detectable levels of nasal and serum antibody, thus indirectly confirming the role of cell-mediated immunity in recovery; 2) serum IgM, IgG2A, IgG2B, IgG3, and probably IgG1 antibody levels are not responsible for protection against influenza virus infection of the upper respiratory tract; and 3) nasal IgA antibody correlates best with protection against reinfection of the upper respiratory tract, but some other locally protective agent cannot be excluded.
The influence of genetic variation in the HLA–DRB1 and <i>LTA</i>–<i>TNF</i> regions on the response to treatment of early rheumatoid arthritis with methotrexate or etanercept (2004)

Genetic variation in the HLA-DRB1 and the LTA-TNF regions is significantly associated with response to treatment of early RA. These findings may have clinical application through the identification of patients who are most likely to benefit from treatment with methotrexate or etanercept.
A kernelised fuzzy-Support Vector Machine CAD system for the diagnosis of lung cancer from tissue images (2008)

This research describes a non-interactive process that applies several forms of computational intelligence to classifying biopsy lung tissue samples. Three types of lung cancer evaluated (squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and bronchioalveolar carcinoma) together account for 65-70% of diagnoses. Accuracy achieved supports hypothesis that an accurate predictive model is generated from training images, and performance achieved is an accurate baseline for the process's potential scaling to larger datasets. Feature vector performance is good or better than Thiran and Macq's in every case. Except bronchioalveolar carcinomas, each individual cancer classification task experienced improvement, with two groupings showing nearly 20% classification accuracy.
Female sexual dysfunction: evaluation and treatment. (2000)

Sexual dysfunction includes desire, arousal, orgasmic and sex pain disorders (dyspareunia and vaginismus). Primary care physicians must assume a proactive role in the diagnosis and treatment of these disorders. Long-term medical diseases, minor ailments, medications and psychosocial difficulties, including prior physical or sexual abuse, are etiologic factors. Gynecologic maladies and cancers (including breast cancer) are also frequent sources of sexual dysfunction. Patient education and reassurance, with early diagnosis and intervention, are essential for effective treatment. Patient history and physical examination techniques, normal sexual responses and the factors that influence these responses, and the application of medical and gynecologic treatments to sexual issues are discussed. Basic treatment strategies, which may be successfully provided by primary care physicians for most sexual dysfunctions, are outlined. Referral can be reserved for patients who do not respond to therapy.
BER performance of anti-multipath modulation scheme PSK-VP and its optimum phase-waveform (1993)

This paper proposes a new anti-multipath modulation scheme, which the author calls PSK-W (phase-shift-keying with varied phase), in which a time-varying phase-waveform is redundantly imposed on the DPSK timeslot. The relationship between the phase-waveform and BER (bit-error rate) is discussed by using an analytical approach which considers the diversity of received signal components that are continuously varying over a symbol period. A formula-type BER expression obtained by this analytical approach yields a maximum-diversity phase-waveform condition. A convex phase-waveform is considered to be the best choice because of this condition and an additional consideration for spectrum compactness. A numerical evaluation confirms the performance of PSK-VP with a convex phase-waveform and reveals a band-limitation effect. From the numerical evaluation, it is shown that the 4-ary version of PSK-VP with a convex phase-waveform has an excellent BER performance in multipath fading when the delay dissipation is less than 1.7 bits, although requiring about twice the bandwidth due to the imposed phase redundancy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new class of optical fibers for high capacity transmission (2011)

Linearity-enhanced pure-silica-core fiber with low attenuation of 0.16dB/km and large Aeff of 130µm2 has been developed to enhance OSNR for enabling high capacity and long haul transmission with beyond 100Gb/s signals.
An integrated programmable low-noise charge pump (2003)

This paper presents the design and implementation of an integrated programmable low-noise charge pump based on the op-amp current mirror. The presented 4-bit structure, designed for the output circuitry of a phase-frequency detector, provides output currents ranging from 0 to 7.5 mA with a 500 /spl mu/A resolution. The device also has an output impedance of over 10 M/spl Omega/ for output voltages ranging from 0.7 to 4.3 V. The current imbalance between the source and sink currents is less than 3%, and the output current noise spectral density is 18.7 pA//spl radic/Hz for an output current of 500 /spl mu/A. Feedback-which keeps the voltage over the charge pump constant during switching-is employed to reduce switching transients. The structure operates from a 5.0 V supply and is processed in a 0.8 /spl mu/m BiCMOS process.
Opening doors--creativity in nursing. (1970)

THE PRACTICE of nursing is a continual challenge to the imagination. Creative imagination plays a vital in the development of all professions. It is the sine qua non of scientific and technological achievement.
 Today, the word creativity is part of a growing resistance to the tyranny of the formula, a new respect for individuality, a dawning recognition of the potentialities of the liberated mind.1 There is need for freedom of thought and inquiry if this unpredictable, capricious, open, independent, zealous, synthesizing process of creativity is to flourish.
Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Clopidogrel and Its Metabolites in Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases (2013)

The C max of the active H4 isomer and platelet aggregation measured by the Multiplate analyser may serve as markers of the patient response to clopidogrel therapy.
Effects of alcohols, povidone-iodine and hydrogen peroxide on biofilms of Staphylococcus epidermidis (2007)

S. epidermidis obtained from infected implants forms thicker biofilms than that of healthy volunteers. Hydrogen peroxide, at a concentration of 3% and 5%, and alcohols rapidly eradicate S. epidermidis biofilms, whereas povidone-iodine is less effective.
The application of k-space in medical ultrasound (2002)

K-space is a frequency domain description of ultrasonic imaging systems and targets which can be used to gain insight into their interaction during image formation. Although originally proposed as a technique for the analysis of imaging problems involving anisotropic scattering, the authors have found it useful as a general analysis tool. They present analytical and conceptual techniques for estimating the k-space representation of imaging systems with arbitrary transmit and receive array geometries and apodizations. The authors describe simple graphical methods of estimating the first and second order characteristics of speckle formed using different imaging geometries. They also present examples utilizing k-space to gain intuition about the performance of spatial and frequency compounding and to describe the impact of several synthetic aperture geometries on beam forming and speckle statistics. The authors present the Van Cittert Zernike Theorem in k-space and discuss techniques which can be used to improve echo correlation.
Electromechanical Tuning Fork Resonator For Drilling Fluid Viscometry and Densitometry (2019)

Drilling fluids are an integral part of drilling wells for oil and gas production. They carry cuttings from the bit to the surface, prevent collapse of the wellbore, and balance formation pressures to prevent reservoir fluids from entering the wellbore. Frequent measurement and adjustment of the viscosity and density of the drilling fluid is crucial for a safe and efficient operation. However, on most drilling rigs, these measurements are done manually. Here, we describe an automatic sensor, based on an electromechanical tuning fork resonator, for vibrational viscometry and densitometry. The device was integrated into an instrument that allows continuous measurements at the return tank of the mud circulation system. The electromechanical resonator is the frequency-defining element of an oscillator circuit, where a digital gain control system maintains a constant vibrational amplitude. The resonant frequency and the required gain are related to the density and viscosity of the fluid. This technique enables fast measurements limited only by the transient response time of the resonator, which is in the millisecond timescale for the obtained quality factors in liquid media. This feature enables further integration of such devices into in-line systems, where measurements faster than the typical flow-rates are needed.
Spectral performance of frequency multipliers and dividers (2003)

A review of phase noise performance data for frequency multiplier (transistor and step-recovery diode impulse generator, and diode and transistor full-wave rectifier doubler) circuits and frequency divider (digital logic-level, analog regenerative and varactor diode) circuits is given. The data reveal large variations in the spectral performance exhibited by the various circuit types, and can be used as a database guide in the design of low-noise, frequency synthesizer hardware.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
How I Diagnose and Manage HIT (2011)

Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic drug reaction caused by platelet-activating IgG antibodies that recognize platelet factor 4 (PF4)/polyanion complexes. Platelet activation assays, such as the serotonin-release assay, are superior to PF4-dependent immunoassays in discerning which heparin-induced antibodies are clinically relevant. When HIT is strongly suspected, standard practice includes substituting heparin with an alternative anticoagulant; the 2 US-approved agents are the direct thrombin inhibitors (DTIs) lepirudin and argatroban, which are "niche" agents used only to manage HIT. However, only ~ 10% of patients who undergo serological investigation for HIT actually have this diagnosis. Indeed, depending on the clinical setting, only 10%-50% of patients with positive PF4-dependent immunoassays have platelet-activating antibodies. Therefore, overdiagnosis of HIT can be minimized by insisting that a positive platelet activation assay be required for definitive diagnosis of HIT. For these reasons, a management strategy that considers the real possibility of non-HIT thrombocytopenia is warranted. One approach that I suggest is to administer an indirect, antithrombin (AT)-dependent factor Xa inhibitor (danaparoid or fondaparinux) based upon the following rationale: (1) effectiveness in treating and preventing HIT-associated thrombosis; (2) effectiveness in treating and preventing thrombosis in diverse non-HIT situations; (3) both prophylactic- and therapeutic-dose protocols exist, permitting dosing appropriate for the clinical situation; (4) body weight-adjusted dosing protocols and availability of specific anti-factor Xa monitoring reduce risk of under- or overdosing (as can occur with partial thromboplastin time [PTT]-adjusted DTI therapy); (5) their long half-lives reduce risk of rebound hypercoagulability; (6) easy coumarin overlap; and (7) relatively low cost.
Effects of glyoxal and methyiglyoxal administration on gastric carcinogenesis in Wistar rats after initiation with <i>N</i>-methyl-<i>N</i>′ -nitro-<i>N</i>-nitrosoguanidine (1989)

Glyoxal and methylglyoxal were tested for tumor-promoting potential in a two-stage stomach carcinogenesis model. Male outbred Wistar rats were initially given N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) in the drinking water (100 mg/l) along with a 10% sodium chloride dietary supplement for 8 weeks. Thereafter, they were returned to basal diet and maintained on drinking water containing no addition or either 0.5% glyoxal or 0.25% methylglyoxal for 32 weeks and then killed for necropsy and histological examination at week 40. Glyoxal treatment significantly increased the incidence of adenocarcinomas in the pylorus of the glandular stomach of rats pretreated with MNNG and sodium chloride. Furthermore, although methylglyoxal did not enhance the development of adenocarcinomas, the incidence of hyperplasias in the pylorus was significantly increased. The results indicate that glyoxal exerts tumor promoting activity on rat glandular stomach carcinogenesis and that methylglyoxal might also have promoting potential.
New and Emerging Therapies for Parkinson Disease (1999)

Few neurological disorders have been more successful in introducing novel therapies than Parkinson disease (PD). However, despite enormous progress, many challenges remain. Although levodopa is still the most effective drug in the symptomatic treatment of PD, adverse effects, particularly motor fluctuations and dyskinesias, limit its usefulness. Furthermore, there is a growing concern about the escalating cost of PD treatment: the cost-benefit aspect of the novel approaches must be balanced against the advantages of long-term experience with established treatments.
The Origin of Chylomicron Phosphatidylcholine in the Rat (1977)

This study investigates the pathways of origin of chylomicron phosphatidylcholine (PC) using a lymph- and bile-fistulated rat infused with a stabilized triolein emulsion. [(14)C-glycerol]PC was used to evaluate chylomicron PC generated by lyso PC acyltransferase. The percentage of chylomicron PC derived from the PC infused was directly proportional to the PC concentration in the infusate. When the infusate PC concentration was 10 mM, essentially all the chylomicron PC was derived therefrom at 4-6 h of infusion. Incorporation of the radiolabel was not found to be as great in the lymph subnatant PC as in chylomicron PC, suggesting that chylomicron and lymph subnatant PC might be supplied from different PC precursor pools.(32)P(i) was infused into similarly prepared rats to judge chylomicron PC synthesized from de novo sources. In these experiments it was found that the percentage of chylomicron PC derived from de novo synthesis was inversely related to the PC concentration of the infusate. This suggests that exogenously infused PC inhibits de novo PC synthesis. When [(32)P]rat bile PC was infused with [(14)C-glycerol]potato PC, the bile PC was preferred as a chylomicron precursor despite the greater similarity of the saturated fatty acids of potato PC to those of chylomicron PC. When the saturated fatty acids of bile and chylomicron PC were compared, chylomicron PC was significantly richer in stearate, suggesting extensive enterocyte modification of the saturated fatty acids of bile PC.
Customer relationship management and big data enabled: Personalization & customization of services (2018)

The emergence of big data brings a new wave of Customer Relationship Management (CRM)’s strategies in supporting personalization and customization of sales, services and customer services. CRM needs big data for better customers experiences especially personalization and customization of services. Big data is a popular term used to describe data that is volume, velocity, variety, veracity, and value of data both structured and unstructured. Big data requires new tools and techniques to capture, store and analyse it and is used to improve decision making for enhancing customer management. The aim of the research is to examine big data for CRM’s scenario. The method of collection of data for this study was literature review and thematic analysis from recent studies. The study reveals that CRM with big data has enabled business to become more aggressive in term of marketing strategy like push notification through smartphone to their potential target audiences.