gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of AvrHah1, a novel AvrBs3‐like effector from <i>Xanthomonas gardneri </i>with virulence and avirulence activity (2008)

Many phytopathogenic bacteria inject virulence effector proteins into plant cells. To identify novel virulence effectors of the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas, a worldwide collection of pepper (Capsicum annuum) pathogenic Xanthomonas strains was studied. Xanthomonas gardneri strains produced in pepper enhanced watersoaking, a phenotype that is typical of a compatible interaction. Transfer of X. gardneri library clones into a Xanthomonas euvesicatoria recipient strain revealed that enhanced watersoaking was attributable to avrHah1 (avirulence (avr) gene homologous to avrBs3 and hax2, No. 1), a novel avrBs3-like gene. avrHah1 is a novel member of the avrBs3 family that encodes tandemly arranged repeat units of both 34 and 35 amino acid lengths. Although AvrHah1 is only distantly related to AvrBs3, it was shown to trigger a Bs3-dependent hypersensitive response (HR). When fused to a nuclear export signal, AvrHah1 is no longer capable of triggering a Bs3 HR, indicating that nuclear targeting of AvrHah1 is crucial to its recognition. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that, although AvrBs3 and AvrHah1 are only distantly related, they share blocks of high homology within potentially solvent-exposed repeat units. Thus, these data suggest that the recognition specificity of AvrBs3-like proteins is predominantly determined by solvent-exposed residues, rather than by overall homology or repeat unit length.
Evaluation of a New Assay for Cardiac Troponin I vs Creatine Kinase‐MB for the Diagnosis of Acute Myocardial Infarction (1997)

cTn-I was as sensitive and specific for AMI as was CK-MB in ED patients who presented within 24 hours of symptom onset. However, cTn-I was more sensitive in patients who presented > or = 24 hours after symptom onset. Elevations of either marker within 6 hours of symptom onset predict an increased risk of complications and/or need for interventions.
Non-pharmacological treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias (1996)

In recent years the recognition of toxicity and relative ineffectiveness of antiarrhythmic drugs in the management of arrhythmias has led to the development of non-pharmacological approaches. In the setting of supraventricular arrhythmias, such non-pharmacological approaches include preventative pacing, atrial defibrillation, surgery and radiofrequency catheter ablation. Success rates for catheter ablation exceeding 90% are expected in A-V nodal reentrant tachycardia. A-V reentry due to concealed or manifest bypass tracts, and incessant atrial tachycardias. Success rates in the management of atrial flutter are rapidly approaching this. Atrial fibrillation remains the main problem for which pharmacological therapy may still be useful. New preventative pacing modes, automatic atrial defibrillation, and perhaps surgical or radiofrequency procedures to limit the ability to sustain atrial fibrillation are on the horizon.
Recovery and utilization of useful by-products from egg processing wastewater by electrocoagulation (2002)

The efficacy of a laboratory electrocoagulation (EC) system for treating egg processing plant waste-water (WW) is reported. For simulated and industrial egg processing WW, chemical oxygen demand, turbidity, and total suspended solids (TSS) were reduced 92 to 97%, 97%, and 99%, respectively, after treatment with EC. The final TSS concentration and turbidity values were 30 mg/L and 5 formazin turbidity units (FTU), respectively, similar to that of potable water standards. The recovered by-product solids had a similar pattern of essential amino acids compared to that of liquid whole egg and were comparable to the Food Agriculture Organization's essential amino acid profile for an ideal protein. The relative protein digestibilities of the recovered solids and a commercial corn meal averaged 130 and 56%, respectively, compared to liquid whole egg (set at 100%). An economic analysis of EC indicated that this treatment is economically feasible in that a savings of approximately $425,000 per year is possible in addition to recovering the capital equipment costs after about 14 mo of operation. These findings demonstrate that EC can be successfully applied to treat egg processing plant WW, yielding a high quality water suitable for recycling and valuable by-products having a highly digestible protein and fat value.
Scale Prediction and Inhibition for Unconventional Oil and Gas Production (2010)

Abstract With the advance of new exploration and production technologies, oil and gas production has gone to deeper and tighter formation than ever before. These developments have also brought challenges in scale prediction and inhibition, such as how to prevent scales at high temperature (150–200°C), pressure (1,000–1,500 bars) and TDS (&gt;300,000 mg/L) commonly experienced at these depths. This paper will discuss (1) the challenges of scale prediction at high temperature, pressure, and TDS; (2) an efficient method to study the nucleation kinetics of scale formation and inhibition at these conditions; (3) the kinetics of barite crystal nucleation and precipitation in the presence of various scale inhibitors and the effectiveness of those inhibitors. In this study, nine scale inhibitors have been evaluated at 70–200°C to determine if they can successfully prevent barite precipitation. The results show that only a few inhibitors can effectively inhibit barite formation at 200°C. Although it is commonly believed that phosphonate scale inhibitors may not work for high temperature inhibition applications, the results from this study suggest barite scale inhibition by phosphonate inhibitors was not impaired at 200°C under strictly anoxic condition and in NaCl brine. However, phosphonate inhibitors can precipitate with Ca2+ in a brine at high temperatures and, hence, reduce efficiency. In addition, the relationship of scale inhibition to types of inhibitors and temperature are explored in this study.
Flexible and general redirected walking for head-mounted displays (2013)

Traditional head-mounted display (HMD) locomotion interfaces map real world movements into an equivalent virtual world movement. Therefore, people cannot naturally explore a virtual world that is larger than the real world space. Joysticks, treadmills, redirected walking, and other techniques have been proposed by others to relax this restriction. In this work, we propose a new “general redirected walking” interface which works with arbitrary shaped and sized real worlds and virtual worlds by injecting dynamic translation or rotation gains into virtual world and steering a user to walk along a best direction in the real world identified by three heuristics in real time. We tested our algorithm with 10 virtual world models and 5 real-world (i.e., tracking system) models using software designed to simulate a user walking on a random path. We have also developed a prototype implementation for our HMD system.
Color Image Wavelet Compression Using Vector Morphology (2015)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Tampere, Finland, 2000
Automatic Detection of Name Disambiguation and Extracting Aliases for the Personal Name (2012)

An individual can be referred by multiple name aliases on the web. Extracting aliases of a name is important in information retrieval, sentiment analysis and name disambiguation. We propose a novel approach to find aliases of a given name using automatically extracted lexical pattern based approach. We exploit set of known names and their aliases as training data and extract lexical patterns that convey information related to aliases of names and extract large set of candidate aliases from text snippets returned by web search engine. We define numerous ranking scores to evaluate candidate aliases using three approaches: lexical pattern frequency, word co-occurrences in an anchor text and page counts on the web. We introduce notion of a word co-occurrence graph to represent mutual relations between words that appear in anchor text, words in anchor text are represented as nodes in the co-occurrence graph and edge is formed between nodes which link to the same url. The drawback of the existing method is the extracted alias names may be a original of some other person. So we introduce Email id extraction, by this we can overcome the problem. To construct a robust alias detection system, we integrate ranking scores through support vector machines using a single ranking function. Moreover, the aliases extracted using the proposed method are successfully utilized in information retrieval task to improve recall by 20 percent in a relation detection task.
A failure to communicate: next generation communication requirements, technologies, and architecture for the electric power grid (2005)

The power grid engineering community is beginning to recognize a need to fundamentally transform the capabilities of the communication infrastructure that supports power grid operations. Better communications are key to providing improvements in security, efficiency, and reliability. This paper reviews current data communication practices for the grid and describes a new approach to data communications that will help realize the vision of a more resilient and efficient "smart" grid.
Amplification of the HER2 gene in breast cancers testing 2+ weak positive by HercepTest immunohistochemistry: false-positive or false-negative immunohistochemistry? (2006)

The majority of HercepTest 2+ results are not accompanied by gene amplification and represent "false positive" IHC in terms of prognostic or therapeutic relevance. A small proportion of HercepTest 2+ scores represent true 2+ IHC positive cases accompanied by gene amplification: a category probably biologically related to 3+ IHC cases. The remainder of cases of HercepTest 2+ accompanied by gene amplification represent a category of referral IHC 2+ weak positive, FISH amplified, repeat IHC 3+ strong positive, best described as "false negative 2+ IHC". This has implications for selection of cases for FISH analysis where weak positive (2+) IHC score is used as a triage for FISH testing, and for testing strategies in referral laboratories undertaking FISH analysis.
The relation between scabies and hypersensitivity to antigens of house dust mites and storage mites. (1998)

Twenty five non-atopic scabietic patients were examined to estimate their reaction to crude house dust mite Dermatophagoides farinae (D. farinae) and storage mite Tyrophagus putrescentia (T. putrescentiae) antigens. Skin prick testing (SPT) by extracts of both mites antigens showed significant higher positive results in scabietics when compared to non-scabietic control subjects. Moreover, 60% and 56% of scabietic patients showed positive levels of specific anti-D. farinae and T. putrescentia IgE respectively in comparison to 13.4% & 20% of control subjects. A significant difference has been obtained when the total number of positive results were compared to the total number of negative ones. The results revealed that there is an evidence of cross reactivity between Sarcoptes scabiei antigens and extracts of D. farinae and T. putrescentiae, and the hypersensitivity to house dust mite and storage mite antigens was significantly higher in scabietics than in controls. It could be concluded that there is some proof that other mites rather than Sarcoptes scabiei may have a role in the pathogenesis of scabies and the cross reactivity between S. scabiei and house dust mite and storage mite may explain the persistence of symptoms in some cases even after proper treatment of the disease.
Resonant Inductive Link for Remote Powering of Pacemakers (2015)

This paper presents a wireless power link for powering implantable medical devices. The proposed link operates at 403 MHz and exploits magnetic coupling between an external resonator and an implanted resonator to wirelessly provide power to implantable devices. Experimental results for remote powering of pacemakers are reported and the compliance with safety guidelines is discussed. It is demonstrated that the proposed wireless link is able to deliver up to 1 mW with an induced 10-g average specific absorption rate lower than 1.08 W/kg. This value is significantly below the 2-W/kg recommended limit, thus proving the suitability of the proposed system to be used to energize modern pacemakers.
Apolipoprotein E Genotype and the Risk of Recurrent Lobar Intracerebral Hemorrhage (2000)

The apolipoprotein E genotype can identify patients with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage who are at highest risk for early recurrence. This finding makes possible both the provision of prognostic information to patients with lobar hemorrhage and a method of targeting and assessing potential strategies for prevention.
Multimode directionality in all-dielectric metasurfaces (2017)

We demonstrate that spectrally diverse multiple magnetic dipole resonances can be excited in all-dielectric structures lacking rotational symmetry, in contrast to conventionally used spheres, disks, or spheroids. Such multiple magnetic resonances arise from hybrid Mie-Fabry-Perot modes, and can constructively interfere with induced electric dipole moments, thereby leading to novel multifrequency unidirectional scattering. Here we focus on elongated dielectric nanobars, whose magnetic resonances can be spectrally tuned by their aspect ratios. Based on our theoretical results, we suggest all-dielectric multimode metasurfaces and verify them in proof-of-principle microwave experiments. We also believe that the demonstrated property of multimode directionality is largely responsible for the best efficiency of all-dielectric metasurfaces that were recently shown to operate across multiple telecom bands.
Active phased array antenna based on DDS (2004)

The use of active phased-array antenna in communication system can bring about not only improved system performance, but also extended functions, so it has found its ever-broadly applications in communication system. This paper introduces an active phased-array antenna system that has eight antenna elements without RF phase shifters. The antenna system consists of planar array, digital T/R modules, receiving DBF; system control /analysis software, etc. Its basic theory is that in transmitting channel, the traditional RFphase shifter and attenuator are replaced by direct digital synthesizer (DDS). As the operating frequency of DDS available is not sufficiently high, the upper frequency converter is used to convert the frequency to required system operating frequency (2.0 GHz). In transmitting mode, through controlling DDS, the amplitude and phase weights needed for transmit beam formation and the LO signals needed for upper frequency conversion are produced. In receiving mode, through controlling DDS, the LO signals is needed for down frequency conversion for the received signal are produced. The resultant digital I/Q signals are used to form the receive beam. This paper introduces in detail the ways and results of an experiment on an active phased array antenna based on DDS. Through the research on the eight-element active phased array antenna based on DDS, the notable virtues of DDS technology in phased array antenna, and the potential applications of the phased array antenna in communications are proven.
Efficient Functionalization of Oligonucleotides by New Achiral Nonnucleosidic Monomers (2014)

A novel synthetic strategy has been designed for preparation of achiral nonnucleosidic phosphoramidite monomers for automated solid-phase oligonucleotide synthesis. It is based on O-DMTr-protected 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-morpholine-2,3-dione as the key compound and a family of building blocks obtained by its ring-opening by primary aliphatic amines. A series of nonnucleosidic phosphoramidites containing various side-chain functionalities was synthesized, and corresponding oligodeoxyribonucleotides incorporating modified units in single or multiple positions along the chain were prepared.
Nuisance Law and the Doctrine of Equivalents in Patent Law (2018)

Nuisance Law and the Doctrine of Equivalents in Patent Law
Performance of three-photon PET imaging: Monte Carlo simulations (2005)

We have recently introduced the idea of making use of three-photon positron annihilations in positron emission tomography. In this paper the basic characteristics of the three-gamma imaging in PET are studied by means of Monte Carlo simulations and analytical computations. Two typical configurations of human and small animal scanners are considered. Three-photon imaging requires high energy resolution detectors. Parameters currently attainable by CdZnTe semiconductor detectors, the technology of choice for the future development of radiation imaging, are assumed. Spatial resolution is calculated as a function of detector energy resolution and size, position in the field of view, scanner size, and the energies of the three gamma annihilation photons. Possible ways to improve the spatial resolution obtained for nominal parameters: 1.5 cm and 3.2 mm FWHM for human and small animal scanners, respectively, are indicated. Counting rates of true and random three-photon events for typical human and small animal scanning configurations are assessed. A simple formula for minimum size of lesions detectable in the three-gamma based images is derived. Depending on the contrast and total number of registered counts, lesions of a few mm size for human and sub mm for small animal scanners can be detected.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF A CELLULASE FROM BACILLUS SUBTILIS YJ1 (2010)

Broth incubated with Bacillus subtilis YJ1 at 37°C for 36 h was collected and removed bacterial cells by passing through a 0.45 µm membrane. A cellulase was purified to electrophoretical homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, Macro-Prep ion exchange and Bio-Gel P-100 chromatography. The recovery and purification fold were 9.7% and 289, respectively, after Bio-Gel P-100 chromatograph. The purified cellulase, with a molecular mass (M) of 32.5 kDa, had an optimal pH and temperature at 6.0 and 50-60°C, respectively. It was stable at pH 6.0-7.5 and
243. A common source of error in dynamics (1971)

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51.3: Driving an Adaptive Local Dimming Backlight for LCD‐TV Systems (2008)

Abstract LEDs in direct‐lit backlights require new driving concepts and local dimming algorithms for an optimal efficiency and high contrast of the panel. Special measures have to be taken to control the LEDs to compensate for drift of brightness and color in order to get a picture with no critical artifacts.
Preclinical activity and determinants of response of the GPRC5DxCD3 bispecific antibody talquetamab in multiple myeloma (2021)

Cell surface expression levels of GPRC5D, an orphan G protein-coupled receptor, are significantly higher on multiple myeloma (MM) cells, compared with normal plasma cells or other immune cells, which renders it a promising target for immunotherapeutic strategies. The novel GPRC5D-targeting T-cell redirecting bispecific antibody, talquetamab, effectively kills GPRC5D+ MM cell lines in the presence of T cells from both healthy donors or heavily pretreated MM patients. In addition, talquetamab has potent anti-MM activity in bone marrow (BM) samples from 45 patients, including those with high-risk cytogenetic aberrations. There was no difference in talquetamab-mediated killing of MM cells from newly diagnosed, daratumumab-naïve relapsed/refractory (median of 3 prior therapies), and daratumumab-refractory (median of 6 prior therapies) MM patients. Tumor cell lysis was accompanied by T-cell activation and degranulation, as well as production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. High levels of GPRC5D and high effector:target ratio were associated with improved talquetamab-mediated lysis of MM cells, whereas an increased proportion of T cells expressing PD-1 or HLA-DR, and elevated regulatory T-cell (Treg) counts were associated with suboptimal killing. In cell line experiments, addition of Tregs to effector cells decreased MM cell lysis. Direct contact with bone marrow stromal cells also impaired the efficacy of talquetamab. Combination therapy with daratumumab or pomalidomide enhanced talquetamab-mediated lysis of primary MM cells in an additive fashion. In conclusion, we show that the GPRC5D-targeting T-cell redirecting bispecific antibody talquetamab is a promising novel antimyeloma agent. These results provide the preclinical rationale for ongoing studies with talquetamab in relapsed/refractory MM.
Genomic Potential of Differentiated Cells (1997)

This book is a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge about the influence of genetic or genomic material on developing body cells. Written by a leading developmental biologist, this book brings together a century of research on a wide range of questions. In particular, it focuses on the question of whether genetic changes are irreversible after somatic cell specialization has taken place during cell development. Providing a full historical survey of the development of nuclear transplantation in unicellular and multicellular organisms, the book has great value in the search for a genetic cure for cancer and other biomedical cellular disorders, some of which may be alleviated by inducing activation of dormant genes to restore health. Unique in scope, depth and clarity of presentation, Genomic Potential of Differentiated Cells stands as a major contribution to current knowledge in cell, developmental and molecular biology, and in eukaryotic genetics and biochemistry. It should serve students, researchers and clinicians alike.
Analysis and Design of Staircase Codes for High Bit-Rate Fibre-Optic Communication (2017)

Low-complexity, iterative hard-decision decoded staircase codes for hard-decision optical transport-networks (OTNs) are designed, with overheads (OH) between 6.25% and 33.3%. Extensive software simulations are performed for all code designs. Net coding gain gaps to hard-decision capacity are found to range from 0.45 dB at 6.25% OH to 1.38 dB at 33.3% OH. All code designs with
Breast-cancer incidence in relation to height, weight and body-fat distribution in the Dutch “DOM” cohort (1998)

In a cohort of 11,663 participants in a breast-cancer screening program, height, weight, waist circumference and hip circumference were measured, and information about menstrual and reproductive history was obtained by questionnaire. After exclusion of 83 women with unclear menopausal status, the subjects were divided into 3 sub-cohorts: 5,891 women who were pre-menopausal at the time of data collection, 3,521 women who had entered the study after natural menopause, and 2068 women who had been hysterectomized and/or ovariectomized. After a median follow-up of 10.6 years, 147, 76 and 52 incident cases of breast cancer were detected in the 3 respective sub-cohorts. No statistically significant association was found in any of the sub-cohorts between breast-cancer risk and height, weight, body-mass index (BMI) or hip circumference. In the sub-cohort of women with natural menopause, however, risk of breast cancer was positively and significantly associated with the ratio of waist-to-hip circumferences (WHR) (RR = 2.63 for upper vs. lower quartile), and this association did not change after adjustment for variations in disease risk related to body height and weight. Although similar to observations in other cohort studies showing positive associations between obesity and breast-cancer risk in post-menopausal women, our results are different, in that WHR and not BMI appears to be the more specific indicator of breast-cancer risk.
Genetic and Molecular Analysis of an Allelic Series of cop1 Mutants Suggests Functional Roles for the Multiple Protein Domains (1994)

Timothy W. McNellis, Albrecht G. von Arnim, Takashi Araki, Yoshibumi Komeda, , Xing-Wang Deng, Genetic and Molecular Analysis of an Allelic Series of cop1 Mutants Suggests Functional Roles for the Multiple Protein Domains, The Plant Cell, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Apr., 1994), pp. 487-500