gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiple-Triazole–Resistant Aspergillosis (2007)

To the Editor: The use of voriconazole has become common for the management of invasive aspergillosis. However, therapy with voriconazole still sometimes fails, more often because of unresponsive underlying disease than because of resistance of the fungus. Since the first description of itraconazole resistance in Aspergillus fumigatus, 1 three amino acid substitutions in the 14α-sterol demethylase cyp51A gene, which is the target site for azole drugs, have been described.2 Our laboratory receives fungal isolates for identification and susceptibility testing from throughout the Netherlands. Since 2002, using Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute methodology, we have observed an increase in the number of . . .
Tunable Er3+ fiber laser utilizing intracore Bragg reflectors (1991)

Rare-earth-doped single-mode optical-fiber lasers have a wide range of applications in the laboratory environment. Field use, however, has been limited because the dichroic mirrors that are typically employed can be easily damaged or misaligned and are environmentally unstable. Replacement of the dichroic mirrors with intracore Bragg reflectors would provide a rugged, small, tunable fiber laser.
나고야의정서 상의 유전자원의 접근 및 이익공유에 대한 EU의 이행 현황 (2017)

나고야의정서는 생물다양성협약의 목적 중의 하나인 유전자원 접근과 이용으로 발생하는 이익을 공유하는 새로운 협약으로서, 나고야의정서의 발효 및 각국의 국내적 이행조치 마련에 따라 이익공유가 필요적 사항으로 국제적으로 규범화되고 있다. 이러한 현실에서 산업계의 혼란을 방지하고 관련 산업을 보호할 수 있는 국가체계의 마련이 필요하다 할 것이며. 관련 절차 등을 확립하는 부분에 있어서도 입장별로 이해관계가 대립하고 있어 법안을 마련하고 확정하는 데에 있어 보다 꼼꼼한 검토와 각 입장별 실무적인 대응이 필요할 것이다. 이에 우리나라보다 조금 이르게 법안을 준비한 바 있는 유럽 국가들의 다양한 법, 정책, 조치들은 우리가 참조할 수 있는 부분이 상당하다 할 것이다. 특히 유럽국가의 법률들은 유전자원의 이용자 입장에서 필요한 의무사항들에 대하여 규정하고 안내하고 있는 바, 이용자로서의 지위가 강한 우리나라의 입장에서 검토가 필요하다 할 것이다. 이에 본고에서는 이익공유와 관련한 유럽 국가의 법제동향을 연구하여 우리나라에 필요한 시사점을 얻고자 하였다. 이를 통하여 나고야의정서 이행법률에 따른 이해관계자의 혼란을 방지하고, 관련 산업의 보호와 지원을 위한 국가체계를 점검하고 향후 유전자원 제공국의 요구 사항 및 법령의 개선방안에 대하여 고려할 사항이 있는 지를 점검하고 자 한다
Hydrolytic Degradation of Poly(ethylene oxide)-<i>block-</i>Polycaprolactone Worm Micelles (2005)

Spherical micelles and nanoparticles made with degradable polymers have been of great interest for therapeutic application, but degradation-induced changes in a spherical morphology can be subtle and mechanism/kinetics appears poorly understood. Here, we report the first preparation of giant and flexible worm micelles self-assembled from degradable copolymer poly(ethylene oxide)-block-polycaprolactone. Such worm micelles spontaneously shorten to generate spherical micelles, triggered by polycaprolactone hydrolysis, with distinct mechanism and kinetics from that which occurs in bulk material.
Stability of the delta-endotoxin gene from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki in a recombinant strain of Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis (1991)

Deletion of chromosomally inserted gene sequences from Clavibacter xyli subsp. cynodontis, a xylem-inhabiting endophyte, was studied in vitro and in planta. We found that nonreplicating plasmid pCG610, which conferred resistance to kanamycin and tetracycline and contained segments of C. xyli subsp. cynodontis genomic DNA, integrated into a homologous sequence in the bacterial chromosome. In addition, pCG610 contains two copies of the gene encoding the CryIA(c) insecticidal protein of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD73. Using drug resistance phenotypes and specific DNA probes, we found that the loss of all three genes arose both in vitro under nonselective conditions and in planta. The resulting segregants are probably formed by recombination between the repeated DNA sequences flanking pCG610 that resulted from the integration event into the chromosome. Eventually, segregants predominated in the bacterial population. The loss of the integrated plasmid from C. xyli subsp. cynodontis revealed a possible approach for decreasing the environmental consequences of recombinant bacteria for agricultural use.
Bioactive Hydrogels with Enhanced Initial and Sustained Cell Interactions (2013)

The highly tunable properties of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-based hydrogel systems permit their use in a wide array of regenerative medicine and drug delivery applications. One of the most valuable properties of PEG hydrogels is their intrinsic resistance to protein adsorption and cell adhesion, as it allows for a controlled introduction of desired bioactive factors including proteins, peptides, and drugs. Acrylate-PEG-N-hydroxysuccinimide (Acr-PEG-NHS) is widely utilized as a PEG linker to functionalize bioactive factors with photo-cross-linkable groups. This enables their facile incorporation into PEG hydrogel networks or the use of PEGylation strategies for drug delivery. However, PEG linkers can sterically block integrin binding sites on functionalized proteins and reduce cell-material interactions. In this study we demonstrate that reducing the density of PEG linkers on protein backbones during functionalization results in significantly improved cell adhesion and spreading to bioactive hydrogels. However, this reduction in functionalization density also increases protein loss from the matrix over time due to ester hydrolysis of the Acr-PEG-NHS linkers. To address this, a novel PEG linker, acrylamide-PEG-isocyanate (Aam-PEG-I), with enhanced hydrolytic stability was synthesized. It was found that decreasing functionalization density with Aam-PEG-I resulted in comparable increases in cell adhesion and spreading to Acr-PEG-NHS systems while maintaining protein and bioactivity levels within the hydrogel network over a significantly longer time frame. Thus, Aam-PEG-I provides a new option for protein functionalization for use in a wide range of applications that improves initial and sustained cell-material interactions to enhance control of bioactivity.
Identification and characterization of a p53 homologue in <i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2000)

The tumor suppressor gene p53 in mammalian cells plays a critical role in safeguarding the integrity of genome. It functions as a sequence-specific transcription factor. Upon activation by a variety of cellular stresses, p53 transactivates downstream target genes, through which it regulates cell cycle and apoptosis. However, little is known about p53 in invertebrates. Here we report the identification and characterization of a Drosophila p53 homologue gene, dp53. dp53 encodes a 385-amino acid protein with significant homology to human p53 (hp53) in the region of the DNA-binding domain, and to a lesser extent the tetramerization domain. Purified dp53 DNA-binding domain protein was shown to bind to the consensus hp53-binding site by gel mobility analysis. In transient transfection assays, expression of dp53 in Schneider cells transcriptionally activated promoters that contained consensus hp53-responsive elements. Moreover, a mutant dp53 (Arg-155 to His-155), like its hp53 counterpart mutant, exerted a dominant-negative effect on transactivation. Ectopic expression of dp53 in Drosophila eye disk caused cell death and led to a rough eye phenotype. dp53 is expressed throughout the development of Drosophila with highest expression levels in early embryogenesis, which has a maternal component. Consistent with this, dp53 RNA levels were high in the nurse cells of the ovary. It appears that p53 is structurally and functionally conserved from flies to mammals. Drosophila will provide a useful genetic system to the further study of the p53 network.
Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy (2008)

Total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy represents a method of exciting and visualizing fluorophores present in the near-membrane region of live or fixed cells grown on coverslips. TIRF microscopy is based on the total internal reflection phenomenon that occurs when light passes from a high-refractive medium (e.g., glass) into a low-refractive medium (e.g., cell, water). The evanescent field produced by total internally reflected light excites the fluorescent molecules at the cell-substrate interface and is accompanied by minimal exposure of the remaining cell volume. This technique provides high-contrast fluorescence images, with very low background and virtually no out-of-focus light, ideal for visualization and spectroscopy of single-molecule fluorescence near a surface. This unit presents, in a concise manner, the principle of operation, instrument diversity, and TIRF microscopy applications for the study of biological samples.
Consolidating metabolite identifiers to enable contextual and multi-platform metabolomics data analysis (2010)

Efficient cross-referencing of metabolite identifiers is a key technology for metabolomics data analysis. We provide a practical and flexible solution to this task and an open-source program, the metabolite masking tool (MetMask), available at http://metmask.sourceforge.net, that implements our ideas.
A murine tumor progression model for pancreatic cancer recapitulating the genetic alterations of the human disease (2001)

This study describes a tumor progression model for ductal pancreatic cancer in mice overexpressing TGF-alpha. Activation of Ras and Erk causes induction of cyclin D1-Cdk4 without increase of cyclin E or PCNA in ductal lesions. Thus, TGF-alpha is able to promote progression throughout G1, but not S phase. Crossbreeding with p53 null mice accelerates tumor development in TGF-alpha transgenic mice dramatically. In tumors developing in these mice, biallelic deletion of Ink4a/Arf or LOH of the Smad4 locus is found suggesting that loci in addition to p53 are involved in antitumor activities. We conclude that these genetic events are critical for pancreatic tumor formation in mice. This model recapitulates pathomorphological features and genetic alterations of the human disease.
A rapid and sensitive micro-assay for the enzymatic determination of plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol. (1990)

A rapid and inexpensive micro-assay for determining cholesterol in plasma and isolated lipoprotein fractions has been established which utilizes a commercially available enzymatic reagent with semi-automated instruments and microtiter plates. The assay is sensitive, precise, and easy to perform. The color development is linear from 0.4 to 20 micrograms cholesterol/well, with sample volumes of 2 to 100 microliters. Inter- and intra-assay variability yielded coefficients of variation (CV) of 2.75% (n = 51) and 1.09% (n = 32), respectively. The concentrations of total plasma and lipoprotein cholesterol (d greater than 1.006 g/ml) obtained with this method were compared with those analyzed in a lipid laboratory standardized to the Centers for Disease Control. The correlation coefficients between the two methods were 0.976 and 0.964, respectively. For total high density lipoprotein (HDL) and the HDL3 subfraction, inter-assay variability was 4.12% and 6.33% (n = 27), respectively; the intra-assay variability was 2.79% and 4.19% (n = 12).
Simple total synthesis of prostaglandins from 4-cumyloxy-2-cyclopentenone (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple total synthesis of prostaglandins from 4-cumyloxy-2-cyclopentenoneGilbert Stork and Minoru IsobeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 21, 6260–6261Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00854a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00854a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1384Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adipose tissue macrophages: going off track during obesity (2016)

Inflammation originating from the adipose tissue is considered to be one of the main driving forces for the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in obese individuals. Although a plethora of different immune cells shapes adipose tissue inflammation, this review is specifically focused on the contribution of macrophages that reside in adipose tissue in lean and obese conditions. Both conventional and tissue-specific functions of adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) in lean and obese adipose tissue are discussed and linked with metabolic and inflammatory changes that occur during the development of obesity. Furthermore, we will address various circulating and adipose tissue-derived triggers that may be involved in shaping the ATM phenotype and underlie ATM function in lean and obese conditions. Finally, we will highlight how these changes affect adipose tissue inflammation and may be targeted for therapeutic interventions to improve insulin sensitivity in obese individuals.
Evaluation of Flexural Strength of Silicon Die with Thickness by 4 Point Bending Test (2011)

In this study, flexural strength and fracture behavior of silicon die from single crystalline silicon wafer were investigated as a function of thickness. Silicon wafers with various thickness of 300, 200, 180, 160, 150, and 100 were prepared by mechanical grinding and polishing of as-saw wafers. Flexural strength of 40 silicon dies (size: 62.5 mm4 mm) from each wafer was measured by four point bending test, respectively. For statistical analysis of flexural strength, shape factor(i.e., Weibull modulus) and scale factor were determined from Weibull plot. Flexural strength reflecting both statistical fracture probability and size (thickness) effect of brittle silicon die was obtained as a linear function of die thickness. Fracture appearance was discussed in relation with measured fracture strength.
Preparación psicofísica para el parto: seguridad y satisfacción a las gestantes (2012)

<strong>Fundamento: </strong>el trabajo de parto es un reto fisiológico y psicológico para las mujeres. El momento en que el parto se hace inminente puede ser de emociones conflictivas, el miedo y la aprehensión pueden coincidir con la excitación y la felicidad. <strong><br />Objetivo</strong>: determinar la seguridad y satisfacción de las gestantes al recibir el curso básico sobre la preparación psicofísica para el parto. <strong><br />Métodos: </strong>estudio descriptivo, longitudinal y prospectivo realizado en el Hogar Materno Área II, con el universo de 113 embarazadas ingresadas en el período de febrero 2008 a mayo 2009, las cuales recibieron el curso básico sobre preparación psicofísica para el parto. Se analizaron las variables: edad gestacional, paridad, conocimientos previos sobre psicoprofilaxis y conocimientos alcanzados después de finalizada las sesiones, grado de seguridad y satisfacción de las embarazadas durante la labor del parto. <strong><br />Resultados:</strong> predominó la edad gestacional de 29-35 semanas (48,6 %), el nivel de escolaridad de pre-universitario (47,8 %). Al iniciar el curso no tenía conocimientos el 68,5 %; al finalizar el curso refirió haberse capacitado el 87,7 %; después del parto, 96,4 % se sienten seguras y satisfechas de haber recibido clases. <strong><br />Conclusiones: </strong>el curso de preparación psicofísica para el parto brindó seguridad y satisfacción a la gestante durante el embarazo y el parto. <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;">
Attachment of bacteria to model solid surfaces: oligo(ethylene glycol) surfaces inhibit bacterial attachment (1996)

Bacterial cell attachment to the surfaces of self-assembled monolayers formed by the adsorption of omega-substituted alkanethiols on transparent gold films has been studied under defined bacterial culture and flow conditions. Phase contrast microscopy was used to quantify the attachment of two organisms, one of medical (Staphylococcus epidermidis) and one of marine (Deleya marina) importance. Self-assembled monolayers terminated with hexa(ethylene glycol), methyl, carboxylic acid and fluorocarbon groups were investigated. Over the range of experimental conditions, self-assembled monolayers formed from HS(CH2)11(OCH2CH2)6OH were found to be uniformly resistant to bacterial attachment, with a 99.7% reduction of attachment for both organisms when compared to the most fouled surface for each organism. On other surfaces, S. epidermidis and D. marina were shown to exhibit very different attachment responses to the wettability of the substratum. While the attachment of S. epidermidis correlated positively with surface hydrophilicity, D. marina showed a preference for hydrophobic surfaces. This study suggests that surfaces incorporating high densities of oligo(ethylene glycol) are good candidates for surfaces that interact minimally with bacteria.
Facile Routes to Alkoxymaleimides/Maleic Anhydrides (2003)

New routes to alkoxymaleic anhydrides 1a/b have been described in good yields via base-induced chemoselective vinylic substitution of bromo atom in bromomaleimide 4 with alkanols, and base-induced oxa-Micahel addition of alkanols to dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates 8a/b as key steps. An unusual acyl exchange in the conversion of 6a/b to 1a/b under very simple and mild reaction conditions is noteworthy.
Fabrication and performance of a three‐dimensionally adjustable device for the amperometric detection of microchip capillary electrophoresis (2005)

A microchip CE-amperometric detection (AD) system has been fabricated by integrating a two-dimensionally adjustable CE microchip and an AD cell containing a one-dimensionally adjustable disk detection electrode in a Plexiglas holder. It facilitates the precise 3-D alignment between the channel outlet and the detection electrode without a complicated 3-D manipulator. The performance of this unique system was demonstrated by separating five aromatic amines (1,4-phenyldiamine, aniline, 2-methylaniline, 4-chloroaniline, and 1-naphthylamine) of environmental concern. Factors influencing their separation and detection processes were examined and optimized. The five analytes have been well separated within 140 s in a 74 cm long separation channel at a separation voltage of +2500 V using a 10 mM phosphate buffer (pH 3.5). Highly linear response is obtained for the five analytes over the range 20-200 microM with the detection limits ranging from 0.46 to 1.44 microM, respectively. The present system demonstrated long-term stability and reproducibility with RSDs of less than 5% for the peak current (n = 9). The new approach for the microchannel-electrode alignment should find a wide range of applications in CE, flowing injection analysis, and other microfluidic analysis systems.
Modeling Auction Price Uncertainty Using Boosting-based Conditional Density Estimation (2002)

In complicated, interacting auctions, a fundamental problem is the prediction of prices of goods in the auctions, and more broadly, the modeling of uncertainty regarding these prices. In this paper, we present a machine-learning approach to this problem. The technique is based on a new and general boosting-based algorithm for conditional density estimation problems of this kind. This algorithm, which we present in detail, is at the heart of ATTac-2001, a top-scoring agent in the recent Trading Agent Competition (TAC-01). We describe how ATTac-2001 works, the results of the competition, and controlled experiments evaluating the effectiveness of price prediction in auctions.
Event-driven programming facilitates learning standard programming concepts (2004)

We have designed a CS 1 course that integrates event-driven programming from the very start. In cite BDMITiCSE1 we argued that event-driven programming is simple enough for CS 1 when introduced with the aid of a library that we have developed. In this paper we argue that early use of event-driven programming makes many of the standard topics of CS 1 much easier for students to learn by breaking them into smaller, more understandable concepts.
Uneven distribution of nanoparticles in immiscible fluids: Morphology development in polymer blends (2008)

International audience
Deposition chemistry and structure of plasma-deposited silicon nitride films from 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylcyclotrisilazane (1988)

Silicon nitride films were deposited in an rf glow discharge from various mixtures of NH3, H2, and N2 with 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylcyclotrisilazane (HMCTSZN). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy, and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, indicate that the films deposited with NH3 are essentially silicon nitride (&lt;4 at. % C) and contain 25 at. % H , when deposited from dilute HMCTSZN mixtures at elevated rf power. Gas phase neutral mass spectroscopy indicates a relative abundance of NHx radicals produced under these conditions, which actively remove carbon and enhance Si-NH-Si bonding. Films deposited in NH3 /H2 mixtures result in still greater Si–N bonding, since NH3/H2 plasmas are more NHx radical rich than NH3 discharges. Films deposited from H2/HMCTSZN plasmas contain significant carbon concentrations (30–40 at. %), but those formed from dilute HMCTSZN mixtures at elevated rf power are low in H content (21 at. %) and are highly cross-linked due to H abstraction from radicals produced in the discharge.
A 3.4Mbps NFC card emulator supporting 40mm<sup>2</sup> loop antenna (2017)

For compact integration of 13.56MHz NFC functionality in mobile devices, a small planar loop antenna is a necessity. Active load modulation (ALM) is a commonly adopted technique to boost load modulation amplitude to overcome weak inductive coupling in small antennas. However, due to the challenges of phase synchronization, ALM is mainly limited to low data rate NFC applications. This paper describes the challenges of supporting NFC Very High Bit Rate (VHBR) Card Emulation Mode (PICC) in small antennas. An ultra-fast retimed phase synchronization PLL technique is proposed to overcome the technical challenges of ALM for high data rate uplink transmission. A sub-sampling ADC topology is implemented as VHBR ASK envelope demodulator. A clock extractor-based PLL provides precise synchronized continuous clock to the high speed sub-sampling ADC for accurate demodulation of all ASK envelopes with modulation index (MI) ranging from 8% to 100%.
System facilities for CAD databases (1980)

Design is the specification of man-made artifacts. Among the reasons one designs is to both predict the expected performance of the artifact, to make sure they are responsive to apriori criteria, and to identity the set of actions that will efficient/y lead to rea/izing the artifact, eg. fabrication planning. Many specifications are used during design, as intermediate products leading to the final specification.
Resolving split resonant modes in microrings (2012)

A computational method for spectrally resolving closely spaced resonant modes of a high Q microring resonator is developed based on the modal expansion method. It can be used to obtain split degenerate mode complex eigenfrequencies.