gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microstructure and Electrochemical Performances of LiF-coated spinel LiMn2O4 (2007)

LiF-coated LiMn2O4 samples were prepared via a chemical method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns show that the bare LiMn2O4 and the LiP-coated LiMn2O4 samples are all spinel structure in Fd(average)3m space group. The apparent morphologies, the spectroscopic properties and the LiF distributions of the as-prepared samples were studied by scanning electronic microscopy (SEM), Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffractometry (SAED) respectively. The LiF-coated LiMn2O4 gets a more stable surface than bare LiMn2O4, and changes the interaction between the cathode material and the electrolyte. Therefore, it can endure overcharge in the secondary lithium batteries, and achieve better electrochemical performances even when charged to 4.7 V and 4.9 V.
Quantitative analysis of constitutive and 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-induced cytochrome P450 1B1 expression in human lymphocytes. (1999)

Exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin) results in a broad spectrum of biological responses, including altered metabolism, disruption of normal hormone signaling pathways, reproductive and developmental effects, and cancer. Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is a dioxin-inducible gene that is active in the formation of 4-hydroxyestradiol, a potentially genotoxic catechol estrogen. Therefore, the analysis of CYP1B1 in humans may be useful in establishing relationships between dioxin exposure and adverse health effects. In this study, we examined the expression of CYP1B1 in human peripheral blood lymphocytes of unexposed individuals using a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR method. Absolute CYP1B1 RNA levels varied more than 30-fold in uncultured mononuclear cells obtained from 10 individuals. In vitro treatment of mitogen-stimulated lymphocytes with TCDD for 1-5 days of culture resulted in a peak induction of CYP1B1 after 3 days. The induction of CYP1B1 RNA levels after 3 days of culture was dose-dependent, exhibited a maximum response above 10 nM TCDD, and varied greatly among different individuals. However, the half maximal dose required for this induction was similar between individuals and comparable to that observed in the MCF-7 and HepG2 human cell lines. These observations indicate that CYP1B1 exhibits variable constitutive expression and is inducible in vitro by TCDD in human lymphocytes and that the magnitude of induction varies within the population. These data define the suitability of CYP1B1 for use as a mechanistically based biomarker in ongoing molecular epidemiological studies of human populations exposed to dioxins and related chemicals that bind the aromatic hydrocarbon receptor.
Beyond intelligent machines: just do it (1993)

The author argues that users want a sense of direct and immediate control over computers that differs from how they interact with people. He presents several examples of these predictable and controllable interfaces developed in the lab. The examples include tree maps and dynamic queries.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nucleophilic attack on co-ordinated phosphinoacetylenes: products from the hydrolysis of cis-PdCl<sub>2</sub>(Ph<sub>2</sub>PCCCF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>and the X-ray structure of a 1-diphenylphosphino-3,3,3-trifluoropropen-2-olato complex (1974)

The hydrolysis of cis-PdCl2(Ph2PCCCF3)2 proceeds via nucleophilic attack at both phosphorus and alkyne sites yielding novel complexes containing 1-diphenylphosphino-3,3,3-trifluoropropen-2-olato, diphenyl-ethoxyphosphine, diphenylphosphinous acid, and β-keto phosphine ligands; a 1-diphenylphosphino-3,3,3-trifluoropropen-2-olato species has been fully characterised by an X-ray structure determination.
A critical role for macrophages in neovessel formation and the development of stenosis in tissue‐engineered vascular grafts (2011)

The primary graft-related complication during the first clinical trial evaluating the use of tissue-engineered vascular grafts (TEVGs) was stenosis. We investigated the role of macrophages in the formation of TEVG stenosis in a murine model. We analyzed the natural history of TEVG macrophage infiltration at critical time points and evaluated the role of cell seeding on neovessel formation. To assess the function of infiltrating macrophages, we implanted TEVGs into mice that had been macrophage depleted using clodronate liposomes. To confirm this, we used a CD11b-diphtheria toxin-receptor (DTR) transgenic mouse model. Monocytes infiltrated the scaffold within the first few days and initially transformed into M1 macrophages. As the scaffold degraded, the macrophage infiltrate disappeared. Cell seeding decreased the incidence of stenosis (32% seeded, 64% unseeded, P=0.024) and the degree of macrophage infiltration at 2 wk. Unseeded TEVGs demonstrated conversion from M1 to M2 phenotype, whereas seeded grafts did not. Clodronate and DTR inhibited macrophage infiltration and decreased stenosis but blocked formation of vascular neotissue, evidenced by the absence of endothelial and smooth muscle cells and collagen. These findings suggest that macrophage infiltration is critical for neovessel formation and provides a strategy for predicting, detecting, and inhibiting stenosis in TEVGs.
Ion Binding by Synthetic Macrocyclic Compounds (1971)

The existence of synthetic macrocyclic molecules with hydrophilic cavities containing multiple binding atoms and with hydrophobic exteriors gives rise to extraordinary possibilities with respect to the design and synthesis of molecules with specific cation and anion binding properties. The preparation of many new macrocyclic compounds has recently been reported, but few practical applications for them have been suggested. From the information available, it is becoming clear that it should be possible to synthesize macrocycles that will have specified, or selected, ion binding properties. Cavity size can be varied to accommodate only those cations or anions within a specified narrow band of sizes. Numbers and types of coordinating atoms can be chosen to give essentially electrostatic or covalent bonding or a combination of the two in a metalmacrocycle complex. The metal ligand bond appears to be predominantly ionic in the case of the cyclic polyethers but the covalent character increases on substitution of sulfur or nitrogen for oxygen donor atoms. The essential hydrophobic exteriors of the macrocycles can be modified by the addition of side chains and groups to facilitate the solution of anions and cations in organic solvents. The structures of many macrocycles can be made to approximate naturally occurring molecules, that is, cyclic polyethers similar to macrocyclic antibiotics of the valinomycin and nonactin types and cyclic polyamines similar to porphyrins. Macrocycles are also useful as model compounds for the study of metal interactions with biological systems. The synthetic macrocycles thus represent an intriguing new area of coordination chemistry, the systematic study of which should lead to many interesting and useful chemical applications in the field of metal complexation in solution.
Induction of a Global Stress Response during the First Step of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Plate Growth (2006)

We have investigated the first events that occur when exponentially grown cells are transferred from a liquid medium (Luria-Bertani [LB]) to a solid medium (LB agar [LBA]). We observed an initial lag phase of 180 min for the wild type MG1655 without any apparent growth. This lack of growth was independent of the bacterial physiological state (either the stationary or the exponential phase), the solid medium composition, or the number of cells on the plate, but it was dependent on the bacterial genotype. Using lacZ-reporter fusions and two-dimensional electrophoresis analysis, we observed that when cells from exponential-phase cultures were plated on LBA, several global regulons, like heat shock regulons (RpoH, RpoE, CpxAR) and oxidative-stress regulons (SoxRS, OxyR, Fur), were immediately induced. Our results indicate that in order to grow on plates, bacteria must not only adapt to new conditions but also perceive a real stress.
Hydrogenated poly(styrene‐<i>co</i>‐α‐methylstyrene) polymers: A new class of high glass‐transition‐temperature polyolefins (2003)

Abstract We demonstrate a method to prepare high glass‐transition‐temperature ( T g ) materials with a two‐step process—anionic copolymerization of α‐methylstyrene with styrene (leading to copolymers referred to as SAMS), with subsequent catalytic hydrogenation. The product, poly(cyclohexyl ethylene‐ co ‐2‐cyclohexyl propylene), is referred to as PCEP x , where the subscript denotes the molar percentage of 2‐cyclohexyl propylene units in the copolymer. PCEP x exhibits T g values between 140 and 178 °C depending on the composition and composition distribution in the polymerization product. To increase the toughness of PCEP x , we copolymerized SAMS with butadiene followed by hydrogenation to form PCEP x /PEE y block copolymers, where PEE y refers to poly(ethylene‐ co ‐ethyl ethylene), and y denotes the molar percentage of ethyl ethylene segments. T g values as high as 162 °C were achieved for these block copolymers. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 725–735, 2003
Melting phenomena and mechanisms in polymer processing equipment (1998)

This article examines the heating and melting phenomena taking place when individual polymer particulates or compacted polymer particulate systems are subjected to stressing that forces them to deform and flow. The heating/melting behavior in compression experiments of single polymer cylinders and melting in batch internal mixers, as well as in corotating twin-screw extruders, was examined. Different polymers and different polymer particulate solid systems were used, over a range of processing conditions. The results of this work shed light on the important roles that solid dissipative deformation and interparticle frictional phenomena play in generating the heat necessary to melt polymer particulate systems. Also, an attempt is made to deal with the modification of the thermal energy balance equation, so that it includes the heat-generating dissipative source terms. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 17: 285–305, 1998
Site-selected Mutagenesis of a Conserved Nucleotide Binding HXGH Motif Located in the ATP Sulfurylase Domain of Human Bifunctional 3′-Phosphoadenosine 5′-Phosphosulfate Synthase (1999)

3'-Phosphoadenosine-5'-phosphosulfate (PAPS) synthase is a bifunctional protein consisting of an NH2-terminal APS kinase and a COOH-terminal ATP sulfurylase. Both catalytic activities require ATP; the APS kinase domain involves cleavage of the beta-gamma phosphodiester bond of ATP, whereas the ATP sulfurylase domain involves cleavage of the alpha-beta phosphodiester bond of ATP. Previous mutational studies have suggested that beta-gamma phosphodiesterase activity involves a highly conserved NTP-binding P-loop motif located in the adenosine-5'-phosphosulfate kinase domain of PAPS synthases. Sequence alignment analysis of PAPS synthases and the superfamily of TagD-related nucleotidylyltransferases revealed the presence of a highly conserved HXGH motif in the ATP sulfurylase domain of PAPS synthases, a motif implicated in the alpha-beta phosphodiesterase activity of cytidylyltransferases. Thus, site-selected mutagenesis of the HXGH motif in the ATP sulfurylase domain of human PAPS synthase (amino acids 425-428) was performed to examine this possibility. Either H425A or H428A mutation produced an inactive enzyme. In contrast, a N426K mutation resulted in increased enzymatic activity. A G427A single mutant resulted in only a modest 30% reduction in catalytic activity, whereas a G427A/H428A double mutant produced an inactive enzyme. These results suggest an important role for the HXGH histidines in the ATP sulfurylase activity of bifunctional PAPS synthase and support the hypothesis that the highly conserved HXGH motif found in the ATP sulfurylase domain of PAPS synthases is involved in ATP binding and alpha-beta phosphodiesterase activity.
Cell-Derived Microparticles Generated in Patients During Cardiopulmonary Bypass Are Highly Procoagulant (1997)

This study is the first to demonstrate that microparticles generated in vivo can stimulate coagulation.
Zephyr: A secure Internet process to streamline engineering (1998)

Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is implementing an Internet-based process pilot called `Zephyr` to streamline engineering and commerce using the Internet. Major benefits have accrued by using Zephyr in facilitating industrial collaboration, speeding the engineering development cycle, reducing procurement time, and lowering overall costs. Programs at LLNL are potentializing the efficiencies introduced since implementing Zephyr. Zephyr`s pilot functionality is undergoing full integration with Business Systems, Finance, and Vendors to support major programs at the Laboratory.
Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits for Wavelength-Division Multiplexing Applications (2016)

Silicon photonics will provide low-cost, high-bandwidth and compact optical components for a wide range of applications in optical communications and interconnects. One of the cited key advantages is the capability of wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM). However, the nature of high-index contrast of silicon photonic devices leads to significant challenges when implementing on-chip WDM filters, which is one of the key components in WDM circuits. In this paper, we review several demonstrated silicon photonic WDM circuits based on monolithically integrated silicon nitride (SiN) arrayed-waveguide gratings (AWGs) and thermally tunable silicon microring filters. The use of SiN waveguides with lower index contrast than silicon waveguides enables the realization of high-performance AWGs. Meanwhile, they can evanescently couple to silicon waveguides with high efficiency. The thermally tunable silicon microrings can be used as modulators and wavelength (de)multiplexing filters to implement versatile WDM circuits. Reconfigurability of channel spacing and central wavelengths is achieved by individual tuning of the rings. In this paper, we review silicon photonic circuits for multiple-channel modulators, polarization-insensitive WDM receiver, and variable optical attenuators with multiplexer.
IMPLEMENTATION OF NEURAL - CRYPTOGRAPHIC SYSTEM USING FPGA (2011)

Modern cryptography techniques are virtually unbreakable. As the Internet and other forms of electronic communication become more prevalent, electronic security is becoming increasingly important. Cryptography is used to protect e-mail messages, credit card information, and corporate data. The design of the cryptography system is a conventional cryptography that uses one key for encryption and decryption process. The chosen cryptography algorithm is stream cipher algorithm that encrypt one bit at a time. The central problem in the stream-cipher cryptography is the difficulty of generating a long unpredictable sequence of binary signals from short and random key. Pseudo random number generators (PRNG) have been widely used to construct this key sequence. The pseudo random number generator was designed using the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) providing the required nonlinearity properties that increases the randomness statistical properties of the pseudo random generator. The learning algorithm of this neural network is backpropagation learning algorithm. The learning process was done by software program in Matlab (software implementation) to get the efficient weights. Then, the learned neural network was implemented using field programmable gate array (FPGA).
Comparative study between the polysaccharide‐based Chiralcel OJ and Chiralcel OD CSPs in chromatographic enantioseparation of imidazole analogues of Fluoxetine and Miconazole (2005)

The enantiomeric separation of a series of imidazole analogues of Fluoxetine and Miconazole endowed with potent antifungal activity was performed using cellulose tris(4-methylbenzoate) (Chiralcel OJ) and cellulose tris(3,5-dimethylphenylcarbamate) (Chiralcel OD) as chiral stationary phases. Binary mixtures of n-hexane and alcohol as well as pure alcohols (ethanol or 2-propanol) were used as eluents. The enantiomer elution order was monitored by chiroptical detectors based on on-line optical rotation and circular dichroism measurements. For some of the compounds studied very high enantioseparation factor values (alpha > 7) on Chiralcel OJ CSP were observed. In order to study the chiroptical characteristics of the two most biologically active compounds, chromatographic resolutions were carried out on a semipreparative scale. Assignment of the absolute configuration was empirically established by comparing the CD spectra of the separated enantiomers with those obtained from the enantiomers of Miconazole.
Siddhartha: a method for developing domain-specific test driver generators (2003)

Siddhartha applies the domain-specific language (DSL) paradigm to solve difficult problems in specification-based testing (SBT). Domain-specific test case data specifications (TestSpecs) and difficult-to-test program design styles engender difficult SBT problems, which are the essential phenomena of interest to Siddhartha. Difficult-to-test program design styles are explicitly represented by domain-specific, unit test driver reference designs that accommodate the problematic program design styles. DSLs are developed to represent both TestSpecs and Driver reference designs. A DSL language processing tool (a translator) is developed that maps TestSpecs into Drivers. We developed a prototype implementation of Siddhartha via Reasoning SDK (formerly known as Software Refinery) and developed two domain-specific TestSpec/spl rarr/Driver translators. Each translator generated Drivers that revealed new failures in a real-world digital flight control application program.
Ovarian tumor vasculature as a source of biomarkers for diagnosis and therapy (2007)

The discovery that tumor vasculature has a molecular profile distinct from normal resting vessels identified tumor vasculature as an important new clinical target. Two recent large studies profiling ovarian cancer vasculature make ovarian tumor vascular cells the best characterized to date. Tumor vascular-specific antigens have the potential to act as biomarkers for cancer screening and diagnosis, bio-imaging, and targeted therapy. We will review the current studies of tumor vascular proteins as targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. We will focus not only on tumor endothelial cells but also vascular leukocytes, a novel population of myeloid cells abundant in ovarian cancer and critical for tumor angiogenesis.
Differential GPS in a real time land vehicle environment-satellite based van carrier location system (2002)

The handling of containers in terminals requires, in particular in the application of "chaotic storekeeping", optimal logistic organization-supported by technical and innovative methods. In this manner, it is possible to guarantee that the existing resources are used at maximal cost and time efficiency. The satellite supported DGPS location system represents a substantial contribution to this problem, which determines the container location during the pick-up and set-down phases in the decimeter range and transmits this information via data telemetry link to the central control office. This allows the realization of a fully automatic administration of the container storage facility, as well as integration into the company's data radio link and terminal control.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of a fragment of human parathyroid hormone, hPTH-(44-68) (1977)

In today’s simulation manikins anatomical mechanics and aesthetics are ignored, resulting in an incorrect haptic experience for a medical trainee who needs to learn the lifesaving chest compression procedure. Within this paper we detail the process of producing a neonatal ribcage with realistic mechanical , aesthetic, and haptic properties using 3D printing. One rib model was printed using the ABS material in multiple thicknesses and print angles. These ribs were tested for mechanical properties using a force gauge (Figure 1). The results were organized and compared to literature. We conclude that the ABS material, with a 10% increase in thickness, and printed under a 0 to 10 degree angle replicates neonatal bone properties best, and provides a more realistic mechanical, aesthetic, and haptic representation to use in simulation manikins.<br/><br/><br/><br/><br/><br/>
Asynchronous Callback in Web Services (2006)

Web service technology is a component-oriented and SOAP-based interoperable technology widely adopted in enterprise Application to Application (A2A), Business to Business (B2B), and Enterprise Application Integration (EAI) applications. Web Service component composite and connection models are the key issues to make Web service successful in the future. Web service standard and specification does not support event-based asynchronous callback which is very important for transaction or delayed business application. This paper presents a Callback Web services enable proxy approaches to implement callback in Web services without modifying existing Web services providers. In addition, a universal Callback reusable proxy design pattern is also proposed, which provides a platform, language, proprietary and technology independent service middleware for multiple clients to share and get services from multiple service providers in an asynchronous event-based implicit invocation communication mode .
Feature Selection for Summarising: The Sunderland DUC 2004 Experience (2004)

In this paper we describe our participation in task 1-very short single-document summaries in DUC 2004. The task chosen is related to our research project, which aims to produce abstracting summaries to improve search engine result summaries. DUC allowed us to produce summaries no longer than 75 characters, therefore we focused on feature selection to produce a set of key words as summaries instead of complete sentences. Three descriptions of our summarisers are given. Each of the summarisers performs very differently in the six ROUGE metrics. One of our summarisers which uses a simple algorithm to produce summaries without any supervised learning or complicated NLP technique performs surprisingly well among different ROUGE evaluations. Finally we give an analysis of ROUGE and participants’ results. ROUGE is an automatic evaluation of summaries package, which uses n-gram matching to calculate the overlapping between machine and human summaries, and indeed saves time for human evaluation. However, the different ROUGE metrics give different results and it is hard to judge which is the best for automatic summaries evaluation. Also it does not include complete sentences evaluation. Therefore we suggest some work needs to be done on ROUGE in the future to make it really effective.