gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrical properties and conduction mechanisms of Ru-based thick-film (cermet) resistors (1977)

This paper presents an experimental study of the electrical conduction mechanisms in thick-film (cermet) resistor. The resistors were made from one custom and three commercially formulated inks with sheet resistivities ranging from 102 to 106 Ω/⧠ in decade increments. Their microstructure and composition have been examined using optical and scanning electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis, x-ray diffraction, and various chemical analyses. This portion of our study shows that the resistors are heterogeneous mixtures of metallic metal oxide particles (∼4×10−5 cm in diameter) and a lead silicate glass. The metal oxide particles are ruthenium containing pyrochlores, and are joined to form a continuous three-dimensional network of chain segments. The principal experimental work reported here is an extensive study of the electrical transport properties of the resistors. The temperature dependence of conductance has been measured from 1.2 to 400 K, and two features common to all resistors are found. There is a pronounced decrease in conductance at low temperatures and a shallow maximum at several hundred Kelvin. Within the same range of temperatures the reversible conductance as a function of electric field from 0 to 28 kV/cm has been studied. The resistors are non-Ohmic at all temperatures, but particularly at cryogenic temperatures for low fields. At higher fields the conductance shows a linear variation with electric field. The thick-film resistors are found to have a small dielectric constant and a (nearly) frequency-independent conductance from dc to 50 MHz. The magnetoresistance to 100 kG, the Hall mobility, and the Seebeck coefficient of most of the resistors have been measured and discovered to be quite small. Many of the electrical transport properties have also been determined for the metal oxide particles which were extracted from the fired resistors. These results yielded a quantitative estimate of the metal oxide contribution to the total thick-film resistance. Using the results of our measurements we examine four broad categories of conduction mechanism models which have been previously suggested in the literature: uniform, uniform channel, nontunneling barrier, and tunneling barrier models. The first three categories are systematically rejected because of disagreements with the data. A tunnel barrier model is then developed which incorporates two features not ordinarily considered in simple tunneling theory. The small metal oxide particle size is shown to cause a small activation energy associated with electrostatic charging of the particles. Also, impurities within the tunnel barriers are presumed to act as resonant centers which increase the barrier transmission coefficient. The model is compared in detail to our experimental results and shown to be in excellent agreement.
Future Scenarios for the Treatment of Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Focus on Taxane-Containing Regimens (2010)

Despite recent progress in the development of new molecularly targeted agents, the chemotherapy regimens considered standard at the end of the last century--that is, two-drug combinations consisting of either cisplatin or carboplatin plus a third-generation agent (docetaxel, paclitaxel, gemcitabine, or vinorelbine)--remain the primary treatment option for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Most recently, the existing standard of care has been amended to reflect the significant survival advantage of cisplatin-pemetrexed over cisplatin-gemcitabine as first-line treatment of nonsquamous NSCLC. The addition of a biological drug (bevacizumab, cetuximab) or the use of a single-agent epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor may further improve outcomes in selected patients. It has become increasingly clear, primarily through recent meta-analyses, that although the therapeutic equivalence of any combination of a platinum agent plus either gemcitabine, vinorelbine, docetaxel, or paclitaxel has been long accepted, each regimen has different side effects and therapeutic outcomes that allow clinicians to select the most appropriate treatment for chemotherapy-naïve patients with stage IIIB/IV NSCLC. In this review, we evaluate the available evidence and explore the role and importance of various modern chemotherapy regimens, with the aim of optimizing treatment selection and combination with biological agents. Emphasis is placed on the role of taxanes (docetaxel versus paclitaxel) in this changing landscape.
Ink-Jet Printing of a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin Film Transistor (2009)

Single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) thin-film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated using ink-jet printing. We printed both thick source–drain electrodes and thin active semiconducting films using N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF)-based SWCNT dispersion. Despite the presence of metallic SWCNTs, the device exhibited field-effect behavior, with an effective mobility of 2.99 cm2 V-1 s-1 and an on/off current ratio of up to 75. The method used in this study is promising for the fabrication of large-scale high-performance SWCNT-TFTs.
Dopamine agonists for the treatment of restless legs syndrome (2011)

The meta-analyses show the superiority of dopamine agonists over placebo in RCTs up to seven months. Cabergoline and pramipexole showed larger efficacy compared to levodopa in some but not all outcomes.
Tinea Capitis: An Overview with Emphasis on Management (1999)

Tinea capitis is perhaps the most common mycotic infection in children. In North America the epidemiology of tinea capitis has changed so that Trichophyton tonsurans now predominates over Micro-sporum audouinii. With this transition the utility of the Wood's light for diagnosis has been reduced since T. tonsurans infection is Wood's light negative. Griseofulvin has been the mainstay of therapy for the last 40 years. The newer antifungal agents-itraconazole, terbinafine, and fluconazole-appear to be effective and safe for the treatment of tinea capitis. When tinea capitis is due to T. tonsurans or other endothrix species the following regimens have been used: itraconazole continuous regimen (5 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks), itraconazole pulse regimen with capsules (5 mg/kg/day for 1 week plus 1-3 pulses 3 weeks apart), and itraconazole pulse regimen with oral solution (3 mg/kg/day for 1 week plus 1-3 pulses 3 weeks apart). With terbinafine tablets the continuous regimen (>40 kg body weight, 250 mg/day; 20-40 kg, 125 mg/day; and <20 kg, 125 mg/day) is given for 2 to 4 weeks. Fluconazole tablets or oral suspension (6 mg/kg/day) were administered for 20 days in one trial. Another possibility may be 6 mg/kg/day for 2 weeks and evaluating the scalp 4 weeks later. An extra week of therapy (6 mg/kg/day) can be administered if clinically indicated at that time. A once-weekly regimen may also be effective. When ectothrix organisms (e.g., Microsporum canis) are present, a longer duration of therapy may be required. The data suggest that the newer agents are effective, safe with few adverse effects, and have a high benefit:risk ratio. It remains to be seen to what extent griseofulvin will be superseded for the treatment of tinea capitis. Adjunctive therapies may help decrease the risk of infection to other individuals. Appropriate measures should be taken to reduce the possibility of reinfection.
Language Constructs for Distributed Real-Time Programming (1985)

For many distributed applications, it is not sufficient for programs to be logically correct. In addition, they must satisfy various timing constraints. This paper discusses primitives that support the construction of distributed real-time programs. Our discussion is focused in two areas: timing specification and communication. To allow the specifications of timing constraints, we introduce the language constructs for defining temporal scope and specifying message deadline. We also identify communication primitives needed for real-time programming. The issues underlying the selection of the primitives are explained, including handling of timing exceptions. The primitives will eventually be provided as part of a distributed programming system that will be used to construct distributed multi-sensory systems.
Mixed reality for robotics (2015)

Mixed Reality can be a valuable tool for research and development in robotics. In this work, we refine the definition of Mixed Reality to accommodate seamless interaction between physical and virtual objects in any number of physical or virtual environments. In particular, we show that Mixed Reality can reduce the gap between simulation and implementation by enabling the prototyping of algorithms on a combination of physical and virtual objects, including robots, sensors, and humans. Robots can be enhanced with additional virtual capabilities, or can interact with humans without sharing physical space. We demonstrate Mixed Reality with three representative experiments, each of which highlights the advantages of our approach. We also provide a testbed for Mixed Reality with three different virtual robotics environments in combination with the Crazyflie 2.0 quadcopter.
Click Here: Human-Localized Keypoints as Guidance for Viewpoint Estimation (2017)

We motivate and address a human-in-the-loop variant of the monocular viewpoint estimation task in which the location and class of one semantic object keypoint is available at test time. In order to leverage the keypoint information, we devise a Convolutional Neural Network called Click-Here CNN (CH-CNN) that integrates the keypoint information with activations from the layers that process the image. It transforms the keypoint information into a 2D map that can be used to weigh features from certain parts of the image more heavily. The weighted sum of these spatial features is combined with global image features to provide relevant information to the prediction layers. To train our network, we collect a novel dataset of 3D keypoint annotations on thousands of CAD models, and synthetically render millions of images with 2D keypoint information. On test instances from PASCAL 3D+, our model achieves a mean class accuracy of 90.7%, whereas the state-of-the-art baseline only obtains 85.7% mean class accuracy, justifying our argument for human-in-the-loop inference.
Development of a reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction assay with fluorogenic probes to discriminate Korean wild-type and vaccine isolates of Classical swine fever virus. (2006)

A 1-step reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay using TaqMan minor-groove-binding (MGB) probes was developed to distinguish between vaccine-type and wild-type strains of Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) in Korea. Because attenuated Korean LOM strains have been used in animal vaccination in Korea for some time but CSF remains a serious problem, there was a need for a practical approach to differentiating vaccine and field strains. We examined the fluorescence of 5 vaccine strains, 10 field strains, and 5 mixed samples. Three clusters of the samples could be distinguished: those with only fluorescence of the vaccine-type-specific probe, VIC; those with only fluorescence of the wild-type-specific probe, FAM; and those with both VIC and FAM fluorescence. The RT-PCR assay with fluorogenic probes is sensitive and accurate and is therefore useful for differentiating vaccine and field strains of CSFV in Korea.
Effects of nisin on growth of bacteria attached to meat (1989)

Nisin had an inhibitory effect on gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus lactis) but did not have an inhibitory effect on gram-negative bacteria (Serratia marcescens, Salmonella typhimurium, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) attached to meat. Nisin delayed bacterial growth on meats which were artificially inoculated with L. monocytogenes or Staphylococcus aureus for at least 1 day at room temperature. If the incubation temperature was 5 degrees C, growth of L. monocytogenes was delayed for more than 2 weeks, and growth of Staphylococcus aureus did not occur. We also found that the extractable activity of nisin decreased rapidly when the meats were incubated at ambient temperatures and that this decrease was inversely related to the observed inhibitory effect. These findings disclosed that nisin delays the growth of some gram-positive bacteria attached to meat. However, nisin alone may not be sufficient to prevent meat spoilage because of the presence of gram-negative and other nisin-resistant gram-positive bacteria.
Real-time CMOS terahertz camera employing plane-to-plane imaging with a focal-plane array of field-effect transistors (2013)

We present a terahertz camera working at 590 GHz at real-time frame-rates of 16 frames per second (fps). An array of 12×12 field-effect transistors has been fabricated in a 150-nm CMOS process and is used as the camera's image sensor. The averaged single-pixel noise-equivalent-power is 43 pW/√Hz, the voltage single-pixel responsivity is 340 V/W. For an effective power of 104 μW distributed over the sensor area and a single-pixel integration time of 2.5 ms, a dynamic range of more than 10 dB for full-frame images at 33 Hz update rate is observed. The array, which does not yet contain integrated preamplifiers, serves as a test-bed for the development of heterodyne imaging also to be described in the presentation.
[Comparative study of the intestinal spasmolytic properties of metoclopramide and metopimazine]. (1977)

<p>The development of highly humanoid sex robots is on the technological horizon. If sex robots are integrated into the legal community as “electronic persons”, the issue of sexual consent arises, which is essential for legally and morally permissible sexual relations between human persons. This paper explores whether it is conceivable, possible, and desirable that humanoid robots should be designed such that they are capable of consenting to sex. We consider reasons for giving both “no” and “yes” answers to these three questions by examining the concept of consent in general, as well as critiques of its adequacy in the domain of sexual ethics; the relationship between consent and free will; and the relationship between consent and consciousness. Additionally we canvass the most influential existing literature on the ethics of sex with robots.</p>
Electrical resistivity of molten indium–antimony alloys (2000)

The resistivity of liquid indium–antimony (In1−xSbx) alloys has been measured as a function of temperature and concentration. On the In-rich side, the resistivity increases linearly with raising temperature and rapidly with addition of Sb concentration. For Sb-rich alloys, clear turning points are found in the temperature coefficient of resistivity; the resistivity behaves smoothly with concentration and shows a peak around x=0.8.
Extracting Feature Points on Human Eye Photographs. (1992)

Stripping voltammetry is limited in acidic conditions to relatively high deposition potentials because of the interfering effects of the hydrogen produced at the working electrode. We report here a simple procedure to perform reliable and sensitive trace metal analysis in such conditions. Measurements are made at a gold microwire electrode. After applying a simple electrochemical conditioning procedure, hydrogen does not block the electrode, allowing reproducible analysis and smooth stripping signals to be obtained. Advantages of working inside the hydrogen wave are exemplified through the detection of the often considered electroinactive antimony(V). Sb(V) is detected in relatively low acidic conditions (pH ≤ 1) using low deposition potentials (≤-1.8 V). The detection limit is 5 pM (0.63 ppt), the lowest ever reported for an electroanalytical technique and one of the lowest analytical methods. The method is simple, robust, and free from the common arsenic interference due to selective electrochemical hydride generation of arsine over stibine during the deposition step. Analytical methods were optimized and tested on mineral, river, tap, and coastal seawater. Results favorably compare against Certified Reference Materials data (NASS-4 and SLRS-3) and ICPMS analysis. Deposition well below the hydrogen wave pushes the frontier of stripping voltammetry, and new analytical applications in this combined range of acidity and deposition potential are to be expected.
Robust Eye Detection from Facial Image based on Multi-cue Facial Information (2007)

Eyes are one of the most important facial features and eyes detection is a crucial aspect in many useful applications. Although many eye detection methods have been developed in the last decade, a lot of problems still exist also. We presented a novel and efficient method to locate eyes from face images based on multi-cue facial information. Firstly, we made use of the skin information to extract the facial region. In order to obtain the correct facial region and avoid the effect of extracted binary mask with concavities or spikes at the sides in some cases, we proposed an algorithm called as filter close operation. Secondly, we transformed the processed face image into second derivate and then horizontally projected the derivate. A filter algorithm was developed to smooth the derivate based on the penalized least squares minimization and then the horizontal positions of eyes were extracted. Finally, we determined the vertical positions of eyes by vertical gradient projection function developed in the paper. We have used three different face databases to test the validity of our algorithms. The experimental results demonstrated that our developed algorithm can accurately locate eyes from face images. Comparative study with some existing eye detection algorithms has indicated the superior performance of the developed algorithm.
Analysis of Generalized Pattern Searches (2002)

This paper contains a new convergence analysis for the Lewis and Torczon generalized pattern search (GPS) class of methods for unconstrained and linearly constrained optimization. This analysis is motivated by a desire to understand the successful behavior of the algorithm under hypotheses that are satisfied by many practical problems. Specifically, even if the objective function is discontinuous or extended-valued, the methods find a limit point with some minimizing properties. Simple examples show that the strength of the optimality conditions at a limit point depends not only on the algorithm, but also on the directions it uses and on the smoothness of the objective at the limit point in question. The contribution of this paper is to provide a simple convergence analysis that supplies detail about the relation of optimality conditions to objective smoothness properties and to the defining directions for the algorithm, and it gives previous results as corollaries.
A Simple Tagging System for Protein Encapsulation (2006)

Molecular containers that encapsulate specific cargo can be useful for many natural and non-natural processes. We report a simple system, based on charge complementarity, for the encapsulation of appropriately tagged proteins within an engineered, proteinaceous capsid. Four negative charges per monomer were added to the lumazine synthase from Aquifex aeolicus (AaLS). The capsids formed by the engineered AaLS associate with green fluorescent protein bearing a positively charged deca-arginine tag upon coproduction in Escherichia coli. Analytical ultracentrifugation and scanning force microscopy studies indicated that the engineered AaLS retains the ability to form capsids, but that their average size was substantially increased. The success of this strategy demonstrates that both the container and guest components of protein-based encapsulation systems can be convergently designed in a straightforward manner, which may help to extend their versatility.
A new alkaline elastase of an alkalophilic bacillus. (1983)

A new alkaline elastase was purified from the culture broth of an alkalophilic Bacillus sp. Ya-B. This was a serine proteinase. Molecular weight was 25,000. The optimum pH for elastin and casein was 11.75. The enzyme had very high specific activity, 12,400 units/mg protein for casein, and 2,440 units/mg protein for elastin at the optimum pH. It showed marked preference for elastin. The relative activity of elastin/casein of this enzyme was 17 and 6 times higher than those of subtilisin BPN' and subtilisin Carlsberg, respectively. This enzyme also had higher keratin and collagen hydrolyzing activity in comparison with subtilisin.
Development of 3-dimensional GIS running on Internet (1998)

The Internet offers opportunities for the distribution of spatial data and the geo-processing of 2D and 2.5D land surface phenomena and topographic data. The demands for detailed 3D application are especially acute. In the present study, a 3-dimensional GIS running on the Internet, is implemented. The system has a part function of 2-dimensional operation and partly 3-dimensional operation and is designed and developed like a lantern operation. The system gives the possibility of making a 3-dimensional GIS running on the Internet and can be used as a standard specification. The main results related to the research scopes can be summarized at component-level and further integrated level: 3D feature format which is composed of aspatial attributes, multimedia-related information, 3D representation information, and 3D geographic primitives, 3D operations which are composed of 3D buffering, near, metric, and Lantern function.
Therapeutic effects of date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera) in the prevention of diseases via modulation of anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant and anti-tumour activity. (2014)

The current mode of treatment of various diseases based on synthetic drugs is expensive, alters genetic and metabolic pathways and also shows adverse side effects. Thus, safe and effective approach is needed to prevent the diseases development and progression. In this vista, Natural products are good remedy in the treatment/management of diseases and they are affordable and effective without any adverse effects. Dates are main fruit in the Arabian Peninsula and are considered to be one of the most significant commercial crops and also have been documented in Holy Quran and modern scientific literatures. Earlier studies have shown that constituents of dates act as potent antioxidant, anti-tumour as well as anti-inflammatory, provide a suitable alternative therapy in various diseases cure. In this review, dates fruits has medicinal value are summarized in terms of therapeutic implications in the diseases control through anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumour and ant-diabetic effect.
Amine Oxidases of Microorganisms (1965)

The amine oxidase was found to be formed in mycelia of fungi when they were grown on monoamines or diamines as sole nitrogen sources. The maximal formation of enzyme was observed in the initial stage of growth, then the enzyme disappeared semilogarithmically. Other sources of nitrogen, such as ammonia, nitrate, urea and amino acids, were fully inactive for the enzyme formation. Furthermore, ammonia repressed the enzyme formation by fungi. The amine oxidase of fungi resembled in substrate specificity the monoamine oxidase of animal tissues. The enzyme oxidized preferentially aliphatic monoamines of C3-C6. Agmatine and histamine were also oxidized but in lower rates. Benzylamine was well oxidized by the enzymes of Aspergillus niger and Penicillium chrysogenum, but not by the enzymes of Monascus anka and Fusarium bulbigenum. Polyamines were not oxidized by the fungal enzymes.