gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ZF V-BLAST for Imperfect MIMO Channels using Average Performance Optimization (2007)

In practice, channel estimation is often imperfect due to the noise and interference. This paper extends the V-BLAST system to the imperfect channel state information by dividing the channel matrix into two parts. Upon an assumption that the channel estimation error vectors are independent complex Gaussian with zero mean and known second-order statistics, a symbol detection ordering criteria for ZF V-BLAST system is proposed which aims at providing, in each layer, the maximum average signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR), over the random channel errors. This robust V-BLAST ordering rule takes the imperfect CSI into account, while maintaining the simple implementation of the V-BLAST structure. It is shown that the new ordering criterion is capable of achieving global performance optimization and outperforms the standard ZF V-BLAST when estimation errors exist.
Mining Risk Information in Hospital Information Systems as Risk Mining (2007)

This paper focuses on application of data mining to medical risk management. To err is human. However, medical practice should avoid as many errors as possible to achieve safe medicine. Thus, it is a very critical issue in clinical environment how we can avoid the near misses and achieve the medical safety. Errors can be classified into the following three type of errors. First one is systematic errors, which occur due to problems of system and workflow. Second one is personal errors, which occur due to lack of expertise of medical staff. Finally, the third one is random error. The important point is to detect systematic errors and personal errors, which may be prevented by suitable actions, and data mining is expected as a tool for analysis of those errors. For this purpose, this paper proposes risk mining where data including risk information is analyzed by using data mining methods and mining results are used for risk prevention.
The Boundary Layer of Swimming Fish (2001)

Tangential and normal velocity profiles of the boundary layer surrounding live swimming fish were determined by digital particle tracking velocimetry, DPTV. Two species were examined: the scup Stenotomus chrysops, a carangiform swimmer, and the smooth dogfish Mustelus canis, an anguilliform swimmer. Measurements were taken at several locations over the surfaces of the fish and throughout complete undulatory cycles of their propulsive motions. The Reynolds number based on length, Re, ranged from 3x10(3) to 3x10(5). In general, boundary layer profiles were found to match known laminar and turbulent profiles including those of Blasius, Falkner and Skan and the law of the wall. In still water, boundary layer profile shape always suggested laminar flow. In flowing water, boundary layer profile shape suggested laminar flow at lower Reynolds numbers and turbulent flow at the highest Reynolds numbers. In some cases, oscillation between laminar and turbulent profile shapes with body phase was observed. Local friction coefficients, boundary layer thickness and fluid velocities at the edge of the boundary layer were suggestive of local oscillatory and mean streamwise acceleration of the boundary layer. The behavior of these variables differed significantly in the boundary layer over a rigid fish. Total skin friction was determined. Swimming fish were found to experience greater friction drag than the same fish stretched straight in the flow. Nevertheless, the power necessary to overcome friction drag was determined to be within previous experimentally measured power outputs. No separation of the boundary layer was observed around swimming fish, suggesting negligible form drag. Inflected boundary layers, suggestive of incipient separation, were observed sporadically, but appeared to be stabilized at later phases of the undulatory cycle. These phenomena may be evidence of hydrodynamic sensing and response towards the optimization of swimming performance.
Eigenvectors of block circulant and alternating circulant matrices (2005)

The eigenvectors and eigenvalues of block circulant matrices had been found\nfor real symmetric matrices with symmetric submatrices, and for block circulant\nmatrices with circulant submatrices. The eigenvectors are now found\nfor general block circulant matrices, including the Jordan Canonical Form\nfor defective eigenvectors. That analysis is applied to Stephen J. Watson’s\nalternating circulant matrices, which reduce to block circulant matrices with\nsquare submatrices of order 2.
The Thermal Dimerization of Acrylonitrile (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Thermal Dimerization of AcrylonitrileEugene C. Coyner and William S. HillmanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 1, 324–326Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01169a091RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views314Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (388 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Metallic palladium, the actual catalyst in Lindlar and Rosenmund reductions? (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMetallic palladium, the actual catalyst in Lindlar and Rosenmund reductions?Alan B. McEwen, Mary J. Guttieri, Wilhelm F. Maier, Richard M. Laine, and Youval ShvoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1983, 48, 23, 4436–4438Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1983https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00171a069Request reuse permissionsArticle Views1320Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>β</i>-D xyloside alters dermatan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis and the organization of the developing avian corneal stroma (1992)

Corneal transparency is dependent upon the development of an organized extracellular matrix containing small diameter collagen fibrils with regular spacing, organized as orthogonal lamellae. Proteoglycan-collagen interactions have been implicated in the regulation of collagen fibrillogenesis and matrix assembly. To determine the role of dermatan sulfate proteoglycan in the development and organization of the secondary corneal stroma, its synthesis was disrupted using beta-D xyloside. The secondary corneal stroma contains two different proteoglycans, dermatan sulfate and keratan sulfate proteoglycan. beta-D xyloside interferes with xylose-mediated O-linked proteoglycan synthesis, and thus disrupts dermatan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis. Corneal keratan sulfate proteoglycan, a mannose-mediated N-linked proteoglycan, should not be altered. Biochemical analysis of corneas treated both in vitro and in ovo revealed a reduced synthesis of normally glycosylated dermatan sulfate proteoglycans and an increased synthesis of free xyloside-dermatan sulfate glycosaminoglycans. Keratan sulfate proteoglycan synthesis was unaltered in both cases. Corneal stromas were studied using histochemistry and electron microscopy after in ovo treatment with beta-D xyloside. The observed biochemical alterations in dermatan sulfate proteoglycans translated into disruptions in the organization of beta-D xyloside-treated stromas. There was a reduction in the histochemical staining of proteoglycans, but no alteration in collagen fibril diameter. In addition, focal alterations in collagen fibril packing, and a disruption of lamellar organization were observed in beta-D xyloside-treated corneas. These data suggest that dermatan sulfate proteoglycans are not involved in the regulation of corneal collagen fibril diameter, but are important in the fibril-fibril spacing as well as in lamellar organization, and cohesiveness.
The Variable Stroke Engine - Problems and Promises (1978)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The concept of the variable stroke engine (VSE) is explained and the problems related to its use are discussed. Single cylinder combustion data are combined with published multi-cylinder VSE friction data to formulate engine model. This engine model is coupled with a vehicle model to make projections of 55/45 fuel economy and NO<sub>x</sub> g/mile which are compared with similar projections for a throttled engine. At an NO<sub>x</sub> level of 0.93 g/km (1.5 g/mile), VSE fuel economy improvements ranged from 2 to 20%, depending upon the frictional losses and vehicle power-to-weight ratio used in the models.</div>
3D listless zerotree coding for low bit rate video (2003)

Although many good video coding algorithms for low bit rates have been proposed, none of them place much emphasis on hardware implementation. Hardware implementations should utilize low complexity video coding algorithms and have small memory requirements because high memory requirements increase implementation costs. In this paper we propose a very low complexity and high regularity video coding algorithm that is suitable for hardware implementation. The proposed video coding algorithm uses the 3D wavelet transform coding and is based on 3D zerotree theory. The coding memory required by the proposed video coding algorithm is also dramatically reduced to minimize the implementation cost.
Thermodynamic analysis of 5' and 3' single- and 3' double-nucleotide overhangs neighboring wobble terminal base pairs (2008)

Thermodynamic parameters are reported for duplex formation of 40 self-complementary RNA duplexes containing wobble terminal base pairs with all possible 3' single and double-nucleotide overhangs, mimicking the structures of short interfering RNAs (siRNA) and microRNAs (miRNA). Based on nearest neighbor analysis, the addition of a single 3' dangling nucleotide increases the stability of duplex formation up to 1 kcal/mol in a sequence-dependent manner. The addition of a second dangling nucleotide increases the stability of duplexes closed with wobble base pairs in an idiosyncratic manner. The results allow for the development of a nearest neighbor model, which improves the predication of free energy and melting temperature for duplexes closed by wobble base pairs with 3' single or double-nucleotide overhangs. Phylogenetic analysis of naturally occurring miRNAs was performed. Selection of the effector miR strand of the mature miRNA duplex appears to be dependent on the orientation of the GU closing base pair rather than the identity of the 3' double-nucleotide overhang. Thermodynamic parameters for the 5' single terminal overhangs adjacent to wobble closing base pairs are also presented.
Synthesis of Sulfonated Hyaluronan Derivatives Containing Nucleic Acid Bases (1994)

Abstract The conjugation of nucleic acid base with sulfonated hyaluronan was achieved by the ring opening reaction of 1,2-O-ethano derivatives of nucleic acid bases. The conditions of sulfonation of sodium hyaluronate were studied. Thymine and 5-bromouracil base were quantitatively conjugated to sulfonated hyaluronan in 15% and 24%, respectively.
A solution for secure SIP conferencing over IMS and SAE (2010)

Over the latest few years, most of the major telephony and services providers have got their attention on the LTE/SAE solution, in the attempt of getting the most bandwidth and features at the least implementation and operating price. One of the major challenges that 3GPP, the creator of LTE/SAE architecture, has faced is the IMS integration with SAE. The latest standard version available at this moment on IMS integration and its security challenges is TS 33.203, which is focused on 3G security aspects. When talking about IMS-SIP security, there are several studies that propose end-to-end security for a SIP conversation over EPS infrastructure.

This paper reviews the security issues that resides in the SAE-IMS interaction and, looking at the specificities of the SIP conferencing, proposes a security model that uses GDOI management to secure the SIP conference data over IMS and SAE. One important aspect of conferencing in the mobile world is to realize the user is never stationary. One chapter of this paper describes the most complicated type of mobility scenario and also introduces the role of the Diameter server into this architecture.
Mutant insulin receptors in syndromes of insulin resistance (1992)

Under normal physiological conditions the many actions of insulin on carbohydrate, lipid and protein metabolism are mediated through its specific binding to a unique receptor which is encoded by a single gene on chromosome 19. The molecular cloning of this receptor and the study of naturally occurring and artificially created receptor mutants has greatly enhanced understanding of the early events necessary
Carbon Doped InP/InGaAs Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors Grown By MOCVD (2001)

InGaAs/InP heterojunction bipolar transistors grown in a multi-wafer metal-organic chemicalvapor deposition system will be demonstrated.Excellent large and small area DC and RF results are obtained for single and double heterojunction structures. The large area DC current gain was increased by a factor of 3 at a given base sheet resistance via growth optimization. DHBT devices exhibit a current gain cut-off frequency of ft ~ 125 GHz and a unilateral gain cut-off frequency of fmax ~ 125 GHz.
Microtubules are required in amoeba chemotaxis for preferential stabilization of appropriate pseudopods (1994)

ABSTRACT Amoebae of Physarum polycephalum exhibit chemotactic responses to glucose and to cAMP. The chemotaxing amoebae exhibit alternating locomotive movements: relatively linear locomotion and movements that change the direction of the locomotion. Such locomotive activity is tightly coupled with the changes in the number and the positions of the pseudopods; cells have one pseudopod at the leading edge during their linear locomotion, while they have multiple pseudopods when they are changing the direction of locomotion. Treatment of cells with microtubule-disrupting reagents inhibited the chemotaxis of the cells. To characterize the role of the microtubule system in chemotaxis, we quantitatively analyzed the relationship between the positions of multiple pseudopods of the amoebae and the relative stability of the pseudopods during reorientation. No significant differences were observed in the pseudopod dynamics between the untreated and the treated amoebae. In both cases, one pseudopod at the leading edge continued to expand during linear locomotion. It then split into two to three pseudopods in the reorientation phase, and the positions of the multiple pseudopods were random. Among multiple pseudopods, however, the pseudopods closer to the microneedle tip were selectively stabilized more often than those distant from the tip in the presence of the microtubule system. By contrast, such preferential stabilization of the appropriate pseudopods was completely abolished by microtubule inhibitors. The microtubule-dependent selection of appropriately located pseudopods enables amoebae to turn correctly at the reorientation step.
Effect of Mannitol on the Kidney (1965)

THE use of hypertonic mannitol as an osmotic diuretic has captured the attention and imagination of investigators and clinicians alike in the past several years. First used widely by physiologists to promote urine flow during studies of general renal physiology, it was reported in 1945 by Selkurt1 to improve renal function in a dog's kidney after a period of ischemia. This study led to the use of mannitol in clinical situations involving a decrease in renal blood flow or the presence of circulating nephrotoxic substances.2,3 The result of this interest has led to significant investigation of the renal, as . . .
Cloning and characterization of the Ewing's sarcoma and peripheral neuroepithelioma t(11;22) translocation breakpoints (1992)

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) and peripheral neuroepithelioma (PN) are related tumors, possibly of neural crest origin, which are cytogenetically characterized by the specific translocation t(11;22)(q24;q12). The cos5 locus, previously identified in the vicinity of the chromosome 22 breakpoint of this translocation, was shown by in situ hybridization on interphase nuclei to lie between VIIIF2 and LIF, two loci located on either side of the breakpoint and at a distance of less than 2,000 kb. The progressive expansion of this locus by chromosome walking led to the construction of a 300 kb contig, which finally crossed the breakpoint. The subsequent cloning of the two translocation junction fragments of a PN, followed by the molecular characterization of the translocation breakpoints of 20 ES and PN, showed that most chromosome 22 breakpoints are clustered within a small, 2 kb region. In contrast, the chromosome 11 breakpoints are scattered over a region of at least 40 kb. The translocation leads to the synthesis of chimeric transcript that links sequences from chromosomes 22 and 11. Finally, no evidence was found of any specific difference in the position of ES and PN translocation breakpoints.
Downregulation of p63 upon exposure to bile salts and acid in normal and cancer esophageal cells in culture (2007)

p63 is a member of the p53 protein family that regulates differentiation and morphogenesis in epithelial tissues and is required for the formation of squamous epithelia. Barrett's mucosa is a glandular metaplasia of the squamous epithelium that develops in the lower esophagus in the context of chronic, gastroesophageal reflux and is considered as a precursor for adenocarcinoma. Normal or squamous cancer esophageal cells were exposed to deoxycholic acid (DCA, 50, 100, or 200 microM) and chenodeoxycholic and taurochenodeoxycholic acid at pH 5. p63 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expressions were studied by Western blot and RT-PCR. DCA exposure at pH 5 led to a spectacular decrease in the levels of all isoforms of the p63 proteins. This decrease was observed within minutes of exposure, with a synergistic effect between DCA and acid. Within the same time frame, levels of p63 mRNA were relatively unaffected, whereas levels of COX-2, a marker of stress responses often induced in Barrett's mucosa, were increased. Similar results were obtained with chenodeoxycholic acid but not its taurine conjugate at pH 5. Proteasome inhibition by lactacystin or MG-132 partially blocked the decrease in p63, suggesting a posttranslational degradation mechanism. These results show that combined exposure to bile salt and acid downregulates a critical regulator of squamous differentiation, providing a mechanism to explain the replacement of squamous epithelium by a glandular metaplasia upon exposure of the lower esophagus to gastric reflux.
Lignin-degrading enzyme from <i>Phanerochaete chrysosporium</i> : Purification, characterization, and catalytic properties of a unique H <sub>2</sub> O <sub>2</sub> -requiring oxygenase (1984)

An extracellular lignin-degrading enzyme from the basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium Burdsall was purified to homogeneity by ion-exchange chromatography. The 42,000-dalton ligninase contains one protoheme IX per molecule. It catalyzes, nonstereospecifically, several oxidations in the alkyl side chains of lignin-related compounds: C(alpha)-C(beta) cleavage in lignin-related compounds of the type aryl-C(alpha)HOH-C(beta)HR-C(gamma)H(2)OH (R = -aryl or -O-aryl), oxidation of benzyl alcohols to aldehydes or ketones, intradiol cleavage in phenylglycol structures, and hydroxylation of benzylic methylene groups. It also catalyzes oxidative coupling of phenols, perhaps explaining the long-recognized association between phenol oxidation and lignin degradation. All reactions require H(2)O(2). The C(alpha)-C(beta) cleavage and methylene hydroxylation reactions involve substrate oxygenation; the oxygen atom is from O(2) and not H(2)O(2). Thus the enzyme is an oxygenase, unique in its requirement for H(2)O(2).
Image Forgery Localization via Fine-Grained Analysis of CFA Artifacts (2012)

In this paper, a forensic tool able to discriminate between original and forged regions in an image captured by a digital camera is presented. We make the assumption that the image is acquired using a Color Filter Array, and that tampering removes the artifacts due to the demosaicking algorithm. The proposed method is based on a new feature measuring the presence of demosaicking artifacts at a local level, and on a new statistical model allowing to derive the tampering probability of each 2 × 2 image block without requiring to know a priori the position of the forged region. Experimental results on different cameras equipped with different demosaicking algorithms demonstrate both the validity of the theoretical model and the effectiveness of our scheme.
Antitumor Agents. 180. Chemical Studies and Cytotoxic Evaluation of Cumingianosides and Cumindysoside A, Antileukemic Triterpene Glucosides with a 14,18-Cycloapotirucallane Skeleton (1997)

Treatment of cumingianosides and cumindysoside A, which possess a 14,18-cycloapotirucallane skeleton, with p-toluenesulfonic acid in CH2Cl2 yielded new triterpene glucosides. Cumingianoside A (1) gave 10 and 11, along with cumingianoside Q (5). The structures of 10 and 11 were determined on the basis of spectral examination and contained a dammar-13(17)-ene and a 17(R),23(R)-epoxydammarane skeleton, respectively. Cumingianoside C (2) afforded, together with cumingianoside P (6), products 12 and 13, which were similar to 10 and 11, respectively. With a short reaction time at room temperature, cumingianoside E (3) yielded cumingianoside D (4). In contrast, when 3 was treated with p-toluenesulfonic acid in CH2Cl2 overnight at 5 degrees C, it gave two products, 9 and 14. Extensive spectroscopic examination revealed that 9 possessed a dammar-12-ene skeleton, while 14 was a pentacyclic tetranortriterpene glucoside with a novel skeleton. Cumindysoside A (8) gave a product (15) similar to 14. The cytotoxicities of 9-15 were evaluated against a panel of 58 human tumor cell lines. Compounds 11-15 exhibited potent cytotoxicity with log GI50 values ranging from -7.11 to -4.94, especially against leukemia and colon-tumor cell lines.
Tracking Objects in 3D Using Stereo Vision (2010)

This report describes a stereo vision system to be used on a mobile robot. The system is able to triangulate the positions of cylindrical and spherical objects in a 3D environment. Triangulation is done in real-time by matching regions in two images, and calculating the disparities between them.