Scanning Probe Microscopies Beyond Imaging (2006)

Foreword. Preface. List of Authors. I Scanning Tunneling Microscopy-Based Approaches. Nanoscale Structural, Mechanical and Electrical Properties. 1 Chirality in 2D (Steven De Feyter and Frans C. De Schryver). 1.1 Introduction. 1.2 Chirality and STM: From 0D to 2D. 1.3 Conclusion. Acknowledgements. References. 2 Scanning Tunneling Spectroscopy of Complex Molecular Architectures at Solid/Liquid Interfaces: Toward Single-Molecule Electronic Devices (Frank Jackel and Jurgen P. Rabe) 2.1 Introduction. 2.2 STM/STS of Molecular Adsorbates. 2.3 An Early Example of STS at the Solid/Liquid Interface. 2.4 Ultrahigh Vacuum versus Solid/Liquid Interface. 2.5 Probing p-Coupling at the Single-Molecule Level by STS. 2.6 Molecular Diodes and Prototypical Transistors. 2.7 Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 3 Molecular Repositioning to Study Mechanical and Electronic Properties of Large Molecules (Francesca Moresco). 3.1 Introduction. 3.2 Specially Designed Molecules. 3.3 STM-Induced Manipulation. 3.4 Mechanical Properties: Controlled Manipulation of Complex Molecules. 3.5 Inducing Conformational Changes: A Route to Molecular Switching. 3.6 The Role of the Substrate. 3.7 Electronic Properties: Investigation of the Molecule-Metal Contact. 3.8 Perspectives. Acknowledgements. References. 4 Inelastic Electron Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy of Single Molecules by STM (Jose Ignacio Pascual and Nicola-s Lorente). 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Experimental Results. 4.3 Theory. 4.4 Conclusion. References. II Scanning Force Microscopy-Based Approaches. Patterning. 5 Patterning Organic Nanostructures by Scanning Probe Nanolithography (Cristiano Albonetti, Rajendra Kshirsagar, Massimiliano Cavallini, and Fabio Biscarini). 5.1 Importance of Patterning Organic Nanostructures. 5.2 Direct Patterning of Organic Thin Films. 5.3 Assembly of Organic Structures on Nanofabricated Patterns. 5.4 Outlook and Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 6 Dip-Pen Nanolithography (Seunghun Hong, Ray Eby, Sung Myung, Byung Yang Lee, Saleem G. Rao, and Joonkyung Jang). 6.1 Introduction. 6.2 Basics of Dip-Pen Nanolithography. 6.3 Lithographic Capability of Dip-Pen Nanolithography. 6.4 Other Applications. 6.5 Nanoscale Statistical Physics Inspired by DPN. 6.6 Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. Mechanical Properties. 7 Scanning Probe Microscopy of Complex Polymer Systems: Beyond Imaging their Morphology (Philippe Leclere, Pascal Viville, Melanie Jeusette, Jean-Pierre Aime, and Roberto Lazzaroni). 7.1 Introduction. 7.2 Microscopic Morphologies of Multicomponent Polymer Systems. 7.3 Methodology. 7.4 Combined Analysis of Height and Phase Images. 7.5 Concluding Remarks. Acknowledgements. References. 8 Pulsed Force Mode SFM (Alexander Gigler and Othmar Marti). 8.1 Introduction. 8.2 Modes of SPM Operation. 8.3 Pulsed Force Mode. 8.4 Theoretical Description of Contact Mechanics. 8.5 AFM Measurements Using Pulsed Force Mode. 8.6 Applications of Pulsed Force Mode. 8.7 Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. 9 Force Spectroscopy (Phil Williams). 9.1 Introduction. 9.2 Basic Experiments. 9.3 Theory. 9.4 The Ramp-of-Force Experiment. 9.5 Multiple Transition States. 9.6 Multiple Bonds. 9.7 Distributions. 9.8 Simulations. 9.9 The Future. References. Appendix. Bond Strength and Tracking Chemical Reactions. 10 Chemical Force Microscopy: Nanometer-Scale Surface Analysis with Chemical Sensitivity (Holger Scho nherr and G. Julius Vancso). 10.1 Introduction: Mapping of Surface Composition by AFM Approaches. 10.2 Chemical Force Microscopy: Basics. 10.3 Applications of CFM. 10.4 Outlook. Acknowledgements. References. 11 Atomic Force Microscopy-Based Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy of Synthetic Supramolecular Dimers and Polymers (Shan Zou, Holger Schonherr, and G. Julius Vancso). 11.1 Introduction. 11.2 Supramolecular Interactions. 11.3 AFM-Based Single-Molecule Force Spectroscopy (SMFS). 11.4 SMFS of Synthetic Supramolecular Dimers and Polymers. 11.5 Conclusions and Outlook. Acknowledgments. References. Electrical Properties of Nanoscale Objects. 12 Electrical Measurements with SFM-Based Techniques (Pedro. J. de Pablo and Julio Gomez-Herrero). 12.1 Introduction. 12.2 SFM Tips. 12.3 Setups for Short Molecules. 12.4 Experiments with Molecular Wires (MWs). 12.5 Noncontact Experiments. References. 13 Electronic Characterization of Organic Thin Films by Kelvin Probe Force Microscopy (Vincenzo Palermo, Matteo Palma, and Paolo Samori) 13.1 Introduction. 13.2 Kelvin Probe Scanning Force Microscopy. 13.3 Interpretation of the Signal in KPFM Measurements. 13.4 Electronic Characterization of Organic Semiconductors. 13.5 KPFM of Conventional Inorganic Materials. 13.6 KPFM on Organic Monolayers, Supramolecular Systems, and Biological Molecules. 13.7 KPFM on Organic Electronic Devices. 13.8 Conclusions and Future Challenges. Acknowledgements. References. Appendix: Practical Aspects of KPFM. III Other SPM Methodologies. 14 Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy Beyond Imaging (FrancCois O. Laforge and Michael V. Mirkin). 14.1 Introduction. 14.2 SECM Principle of Operation. 14.3 Instrumentation. 14.4 Theory. 14.5 Applications. Acknowledgements. References. IV Theoretical Approaches. 15 Theory of Elastic and Inelastic Transport from Tunneling to Contact (Nicolas Lorente and Mads Brandbyge). 15.1 Introduction. 15.2 Theory of Tunneling Conductance. 15.3 Theory of Inelastic Processes in Electron Transport. 15.4 Elastic High-Transmission Regime. 15.5 Inelastic High-Transmission Regime. 15.6 Conclusions and Outlook. Acknowledgements. References. Appendix A. Appendix B. 16 Mechanical Properties of Single Molecules: A Theoretical Approach (Pasquale De Santis, Raffaella Paparcone, Maria Savino, and Anita Scipioni). 16.1 Introduction. 16.2 DNA Curvature. 16.3 DNA Flexibility. 16.4 The Worm-Like Chain Model. 16.5 DNA Persistence Length in Two Dimensions. 16.6 A Model for Predicting the DNA Intrinsic Curvature and Flexibility. 16.7 Mapping Sequence-Dependent DNA Curvature and Flexibility from Microscopy Images. 16.8 The Ensemble Curvature and the Corresponding Standard Deviation for a Segmented DNA. 16.9 The Symmetry of Palindromic DNA Images. 16.10 Experimental Evidence of DNA Sequence Recognition by Mica Surfaces. 16.11 Comparison between Theoretical and Experimental DNA Curvature and Flexibility. 16.12 Sequence-Dependent DNA Dynamics from SFM Time-Resolved DNA Images. 16.13 Conclusions. Acknowledgements. References. Index.