gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Complejidad sintáctica y discurso académico: parámetros gramaticales en la producción escrita de estudiantes universitarios (2013)

espanolEl presente estudio analiza la complejidad sintactica de textos producidos por estudiantes universitarios que pertenecen a cursos academicos diferentes. Los denominados indices de madurez sintactica permiten establecer como determinado discurso es mas o menos complejo desde el punto de vista de su sintaxis, en la medida en que es posible dar cuenta de la capacidad del sujeto que escribe para producir estructuras oracionales consolidadas. El objetivo es, pues, evaluar tales indices, en textos expositivo-argumentativos, producidos por estudiantes de 2.° y 5.° ano, que cursan carreras de idiomas en la Facultad de Lenguas de la UNC (Argentina). Con este fin, se considera un corpus conformado por fragmentos discursivos correspondientes a proyectos de investigacion disenados por alumnos de asignaturas introductorias a las tareas de investigacion. Se describen los parametros de complejidad y desarrollo sintactico en un nivel descriptivo de investigacion, desde un enfoque cuantitativo. Se concluye que el promedio de clausulas por unidad terminal asi como la intensidad de incrustacion (frente a otros indices) marcan diferencias significativas entre los sujetos de ambos grupos, en cuanto a la competencia gramatical para escribir discursos academicos. EnglishThis study analyses the syntactic complexity of texts written by students at university level who belong to different academic courses. The so called syntactic maturity indexes allow us to determine the level of complexity of each discourse taking into account syntax, as long as it is possible to describe the capacity that the subject who is written has to produce consolidated sentences. The aim is to assess such indexes in expositive-argumentative texts produced by students in their 2nd and 5th academic year who are studying to get a degree in different languages in the Faculty of Languages of the National University of Cordoba (Argentina). To this aim, we consider a corpus composed by discursive fragments that correspond to research projects designed by students in introductory subjects related to research. The parameters related to syntactic complexity and development are described in a descriptive level, from a quantitative approach. We conclude that the averages of clauses per terminal unit, as well as the intensity of embedding (compared to other indexes) establish significant differences between the subjects of both groups with respect to their grammatical competence to write academic discourses.
High‐Field Scanning Probe Lithography in Hexadecane: Transitioning from Field Induced Oxidation to Solvent Decomposition through Surface Modification (2007)

High field scanning probe lithography in hexadecane leads to two different chemical reactions depending on surface hydrophilicity. On a hydrophilic surface, oxidation of the sample occurs; a hydrophobic surface, results in solvent decomposition and nanoscale deposition of etch resistant material. The features are characterized with photoelectron emission microscopy and are carbonaceous in nature with a highly cross-linked bonding network. Tone reversal in a fluorinated etch is achieved.
Temperature-driven nucleation of ferromagnetic domains in FeRh thin films (2012)

The evolution of ferromagnetic (FM) domains across the temperature-driven antiferromagnetic (AF) to FM phase transition in uncapped and capped epitaxial FeRh thin films was studied by x-ray magnetic circular dichroism and photoemission electron microscopy. The coexistence of the AF and FM phases was evidenced across the broad transition and the different stages of nucleation, growth, and coalescence were directly imaged. The FM phase nucleates into single domain islands and the width of the transition of an individual nucleus is sharper than that of the transition in a macroscopic average.
Biodiesel Production from Waste Oil Using Mg−Al Layered Double Hydroxide Catalysts (2009)

The use of a heterogeneous catalyst in the transesterification reaction of sunflower oil and waste oil for the production of methyl esters (biodiesel) has been studied. The basic hydrotalcite catalyst used showed a high activity for transesterification reactions in the operation conditions studied. The experiments were performed in a temperature range between 80 and 160 °C, in a batch reactor. The methanol/oil molar ratio in the reaction mixture and catalyst concentration ranges used were from 12:1 to 48:1 (mol/mol) and 3−12 (wt % of the initial vegetable oil mass) respectively. Calcined forms of the catalyst were tested. The catalyst was characterized with SEM, XRD, IR, and DTA-TG methods.
Development of an Underwater Sliding Vehicle for Oceanographic Measurements (1981)

Underwater Sliding Vehicle (USV) has been developed in JAMSTEC since 1978. Purpose of the development is to provide a small and high performance towed vehicle for oceanographic measurement. USV is a kind of towed vehicle which moves in the vertical plane made by path of the tow ship and catenary of the tow cable. USV is not linked to the end of the tow cable,but moves along the tow cable. Thus USV does not need a large wing to overcome the hydrodynamic drag of tow cable,and can be made small and light weight. Prototype was made and tested in the Sagami Bay. Dimensions of the prototype are 0.6 m (length), 0.6 m (wing span),and 0.4 m (hight). Weight is about 5 kg in air. Analysis of the motion was also performed. Results of the calculation agreed well with those from the test,showing the maximum rate of surfacing greater than 2 m/sec and maximum rate of diving greater than 6 m/sec for 4 knots towing with use of 4 mm steel wire and hydrodynamic depressor which generates 35 kg depressing force at that speed.
Pan-cancer adaptive immune resistance as defined by the Tumor Inflammation Signature (TIS): results from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) (2018)

The Tumor Inflammation Signature (TIS) is an investigational use only (IUO) 18-gene signature that measures a pre-existing but suppressed adaptive immune response within tumors. The TIS has been shown to enrich for patients who respond to the anti-PD1 agent pembrolizumab. To explore this immune phenotype within and across tumor types, we applied the TIS algorithm to over 9000 tumor gene expression profiles downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). As expected based on prior evidence, tumors with known clinical sensitivity to anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) blockade had higher average TIS scores. Furthermore, TIS scores were more variable within than between tumor types, and within each tumor type a subset of patients with elevated scores was identifiable although with different prevalence associated with each tumor type, the latter consistent with the observed clinical responsiveness to anti PD-1 blockade. Notably, TIS scores only minimally correlated with mutation load in most tumors and ranking tumors by median TIS score showed differing association to clinical sensitivity to PD-1/PD-1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) blockade than ranking of the same tumors by mutation load. The expression patterns of the TIS algorithm genes were conserved across tumor types yet appeared to be minimally prognostic in most cancers, consistent with the TIS score serving as a pan-cancer measurement of the inflamed tumor phenotype. Characterization of the prevalence and variability of TIS will lead to increased understanding of the immune status of untreated tumors and may lead to improved indication selection for testing immunotherapy agents.
Growth Regulation of Cotton Fibers (2024)

The mature fiber is an elongated epidermal cell of the cotton ovule with a thickened secondary cell wall composed mainly of cellulose ( ~95 percent). A developing fiber passes through four discrete yet overlapping phases: (1) initiation, (2) elongation, (3) secondary cell wall synthesis, and (4) maturation (Basra and Malik, 1984).
Coarse-Grained Modeling of the Self-Association of Therapeutic Monoclonal Antibodies (2012)

Coarse-grained computational models of two therapeutic monoclonal antibodies are constructed to understand the effect of domain-level charge-charge electrostatics on the self-association phenomena at high protein concentrations. The coarse-grained representations of the individual antibodies are constructed using an elastic network normal-mode analysis. Two different models are constructed for each antibody for a compact Y-shaped and an extended Y-shaped configuration. The resulting simulations of these coarse-grained antibodies that interact through screened electrostatics are done at six different concentrations. It is observed that a particular monoclonal antibody (hereafter referred to as MAb1) forms three-dimensional heterogeneous structures with dense regions or clusters compared to a different monoclonal antibody (hereafter referred to as MAb2) that forms more homogeneous structures (no clusters). These structures, together with the potential mean force (PMF) and radial distribution functions (RDF) between pairs of coarse-grained regions on the MAbs, are qualitatively consistent with the experimental observation that MAb1 has a significantly higher viscosity compared to MAb2, especially at concentrations >50 mg/mL, even though the only difference between the MAbs lies with a few amino acids at the antigen-binding loops (CDRs). It is also observed that the structures in MAb1 are formed due to stronger Fab-Fab interactions in corroboration with experimental observations. Evidence is also shown that Fab-Fc interactions can be equally important in addition to Fab-Fab interactions. The coarse-grained representations are effective in picking up differences based on local charge distributions of domains and make predictions on the self-association characteristics of these protein solutions. This is the first computational study of its kind to show that there are differences in structures formed by two different monoclonal antibodies at high concentrations.
A Region-Based Gauss-Newton Approach to Real-Time Monocular Multiple Object Tracking (2018)

We propose an algorithm for real-time 6DOF pose tracking of rigid 3D objects using a monocular RGB camera. The key idea is to derive a region-based cost function using temporally consistent local color histograms. While such region-based cost functions are commonly optimized using first-order gradient descent techniques, we systematically derive a Gauss-Newton optimization scheme which gives rise to drastically faster convergence and highly accurate and robust tracking performance. We furthermore propose a novel complex dataset dedicated for the task of monocular object pose tracking and make it publicly available to the community. To our knowledge, it is the first to address the common and important scenario in which both the camera as well as the objects are moving simultaneously in cluttered scenes. In numerous experiments-including our own proposed dataset-we demonstrate that the proposed Gauss-Newton approach outperforms existing approaches, in particular in the presence of cluttered backgrounds, heterogeneous objects and partial occlusions.
Study on the Composites of Colloidal Silica and Poly(vinyl alcohol) Modified with a Small Amount of Silanol Groups. (1994)

まずコロイド状シリカ分散液とシラン変姓PVA水溶液との混合物のゲル化挙動を調べた.シラン変性PVAのシラン変性度および重合度が大きいほどゲル化は起こりやすかった.コロイド状シリカの粒子径が小さいとゲル化しやすいことおよびpHが中性に近い領域でゲル化しやすいことがわかった.混合物中の両者の重量比が50/50付近でもっともゲル化しやすいこともわかった.ゲル化はシリカ粒子表面のシラノール基とシラソ変性PVA中のそれとの反応が起こり,次にこの反応物同士の反応または凝集によって起こると推定された.次にこの水系混合物を流延して得た複合フィルムの性質を調べた.シリカと通常のPVAとからなるフィルムは白濁していたが,シリカとシラン変性PVAとからなるフィルムは透明であった.前者ではフィルム形成過程でシリカが凝集するのに対し,後者ではそれが起こりにくいと考えられた.複合フィルムの水中膨潤度を調べ,シリカによるシラン変性PVAの架橋が起こること,その架橋構造はC-O-Siが主であることを推定した.この複合フィルムはPVAフィルムと異なり80℃ においても力学的性質の低下があまりなかった.架橋によりPVAのガラス転移温度が上昇したと推定した.
A Field Evaluation of In‐Situ Biodegradation of Chlorinated Ethenes: Part 2, Results of Biostimulation and Biotransformation Experiments (1990)

Abstract Results are presented from a field study that document the in‐situ biotransformation of trichloroethylene (TCE), cis‐dichLoroethylene (cis‐DCE), trans‐dichloroethylene (trans‐DCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) in a saturated, semiconfined aquifer. The enhanced biotransformation was accomplished by stimulating the growth of indigenous methane‐oxidizing bacteria (methanotrophs), which transform chlorinated aliphatic compounds by a cometabolic process to stable, nontoxic end products. Experiments were performed in the presence and absence of biostimulation by means of controlled chemical addition, frequent sampling, and quantitative analysis. The degree of biotransformation was assessed using mass balances and comparisons with bromide as a conservative tracer. Biostimulation of the test zone was successfully achieved by injecting methane‐ and oxygen‐containing ground water in alternating pulses under induced gradient conditions. After a few weeks of stimulation, methane concentrations gradually decreased below the detection limit within two meters of travel. Under active biostimulation conditions, 20 to 30% of the TCE was biotransformed during the first season of testing. Direct evidence for biotransformation of VC, trans‐DCE, cis‐DCE, and TCE was obtained in the second and third seasons of field testing. In the absence of biostimulation, the organic compounds concentrations at observation wells reached 95% of the injection concentration, demonstrating negligible losses due to abiotic processes. Biostimulation of the test zone resulted in a concurrent decrease in concentration of methane and the halogenated aliphatic compounds. The organic compounds were transformed within two meters of travel as follows: TCE, 20–30%; cis‐DCE, 45–55%; trans‐DCE, 80–90%; and VC, 90–95%. These results are in qualitative agreement with methane‐utilizing, mixed‐culture laboratory studies which indicate that the rate of biotransformation is more rapid when the molecules are less halogenated. A biotransformation intermediate was observed which was identified by GC‐MS analysis as trans‐dichloroethylene oxide (trans‐DCE epoxide), an expected intermediate based on laboratory studies. When methane addition was stopped, the concentration of the intermediate rapidly decreased, while halogenated compound concentrations slowly increased, indicating that active methane utilization was required for biotransformation to occur.
Semiconductor ring lasers with reflection output couplers (1993)

We report circular-cavity semiconductor ring lasers with 45° reflection output couplers that increase the lasing output power and slope efficiency twofold compared to lasers with Y-junction output couplers. These devices emit more than 3.5 mW of cw single-frequency output power at 100 mA ring current with slope efficiencies of 0.07 W/A. The increased output power and reduced spontaneous emission improve single-frequency side-mode rejection by up to 10 dB (to nearly 32 dB).
Ultrasound video analysis for understanding infant breastfeeding (2011)

While it has been widely proved that breastfeeding is the healthiest feeding option for a baby and its mother, the mechanisms by which a baby removes milk from the breast are still not completely known. Partly this is due to the lack of tools to analyze images of the infant oral cavity during feeding automatically and quantitatively. In this paper we propose two methods for analyzing ultrasound videos to automatically detect relevant events such sucking and swallowing of milk and to discriminate different types of tongue action during milk removal. The proposed algorithms provide, for the first time, quantitative indications of the type of activities carried out during breastfeeding by the baby, promising unprecedented advancements in the field.
Converting ultrafine silver nanoclusters to monodisperse silver sulfide nanoparticles via a reversible phase transfer protocol (2016)

To achieve better control of the formation of silver sulfide (Ag2S) nanoparticles, ultrasmall Ag nanoclusters protected by thiolate ligands (Ag44(SR)30 and Ag16(GSH)9) are used as precursors, which, via delicate chemistry, can be readily converted to monodisperse Ag2S nanoparticles with controllable sizes (4–16 nm) and switchable solvent affinity (between aqueous and organic solvents). This new synthetic protocol makes use of the atomic monodispersity and rich surface chemistry of Ag nanoclusters and a novel two-phase protocol design, which results in a well-controlled reaction environment for the formation of Ag2S nanoparticles.
Newton's method under weak Kantorovich conditions (2000)

The classical Kantorovich theorem on Newton's method assumes that the derivative of the operator involved satisfies a Lipschitz condition F(x) - F(y) Lx - y. In this paper we weaken this condition, assuming that F(x) - F(x 0) Lx - x 0 for a given point x 0.
Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling Drastically Reduces Non-Productive Time in Soka Field, South Sumatera (2009)

Abstract The wells in Soka field in onshore South Sumatra, Indonesia are drilled through a fractured carbonate reservoir (Baturaja formation) where severe circulation losses and kicks while drilling are commonplace. Drilling in one of the wells in the field, Soka 2006-1 was suspended for two years due to total losses combined with gas kicks. Almost two months were spent after total loss of circulation was experienced trying to control and drill Soka 2006-1 to no avail. The well was plugged and abandoned on July 2006 with the intention of returning to it and finishing it once an appropriate approach can be developed to address the drilling issues that were encountered. The approach chosen for re-entry operations in Soka 2006-1 was a managed pressure drilling (MPD) technique called Pressurized Mud Cap Drilling (PMCD). A rotating control device (RCD) is the main component used in PMCD operations, the objective of which is to eliminate the non-productive time (NPT) associated with drilling when loss – kick scenarios occur. A new well, Soka 2006-6, was also planned to be drilled in the area using the same technique, but with the addition of a downhole isolation valve that was to be installed and cemented together with the last casing string above the section where losses are expected. The casing valve allows for safer and faster tripping operations and more importantly, can serve as a downhole lubricator that will help facilitate the running of the completion assembly in PMCD mode. A casing valve could not be installed in Soka 2006-1 as the casing string above the loss zone was already in place. This paper describes the planning and implementation of the PMCD technique in both the Soka 2006-1 and 2006-6 wells and discusses the results of the drilling operations. Furthermore, it explains how drilling in PMCD mode allowed re-entry operations in Soka 2006-1 to reach the target depth in less than a day after total loss of circulation was again experienced, and how the completion assembly was run and cemented in PMCD mode.
Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II: role of transcription factors IIA, IID, and IIB during formation of a transcription-competent complex. (1990)

Human transcription factor TFIID, the TATA-binding protein, was partially purified to a form capable of associating stably with the TATA motif of the adenovirus major late promoter. Binding of the human and yeast TFIID to the TATA motif was stimulated by TFIIA. TFIIA is an integral part of a complex capable of binding other transcription factors. A complex formed with human TFIID and TFIIA (DA complex) was specifically recognized by TFIIB. We found that TFIIB activity was contained in a single polypeptide of 32 kDa and that this polypeptide participated in transcription and was capable of binding to the DA complex to form the DAB complex. Formation of the DAB complex required TFIIA, TFIID, and sequences downstream of the transcriptional start site; however, the DA complex could be formed on an oligonucleotide containing only the adenovirus major late promoter TATA motif. Using anti-TFIIB antibodies and reagents that affect the stability of a transcription-competent complex, we found that yeast and human TFIID yielded DAB complexes with different stabilities.
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 2α-independent Pathway of Stress Granule Induction by the Natural Product Pateamine A (2006)

Stress granules are aggregates of small ribosomal subunits, mRNA, and numerous associated RNA-binding proteins that include several translation initiation factors. Stress granule assembly occurs in the cytoplasm of higher eukaryotic cells under a wide variety of stress conditions, including heat shock, UV irradiation, hypoxia, and exposure to arsenite. Thus far, a unifying principle of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha phosphorylation prior to stress granule formation has been observed from the majority of experimental evidence. Pateamine A, a natural product isolated from marine sponge, was recently reported to inhibit eukaryotic translation initiation and induce the formation of stress granules. In this report, the protein composition and fundamental progression of stress granule formation and disassembly induced by pateamine A was found to be similar to that for arsenite. However, pateamine A-induced stress granules were more stable and less prone to disassembly than those formed in the presence of arsenite. Most significantly, pateamine A induced stress granules independent of eukaryotic initiation factor 2alpha phosphorylation, suggesting an alternative mechanism of formation from that previously described for other cellular stresses. Taking into account the known inhibitory effect of pateamine A on eukaryotic translation initiation, a model is proposed to account for the induction of stress granules by pateamine A as well as other stress conditions through perturbation of any steps prior to the rejoining of the 60S ribosomal subunit during the entire translation initiation process.
Effects of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate (STI571) on bone marrow features in patients with chronic myelogenous leukemia. (2004)

Preliminary data are available about bone marrow (BM) changes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who received the molecularly targeted and highly effective tyrosine kinase inhibitor Imatinib mesylate (STI571). This review is focused on a systematic assessment of BM features detectable at different stages of CML (stable, accelerated, blastic) following long-term (more than 10 months) treatment. By applying enzyme- and immunohistochemistry including monoclonal antibodies visualizing proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and apoptosis (anti-apostatin), a more elaborate insight into alterations affecting hematopoiesis and the stroma compartment was gained. In patients with stable-phase CML therapy resulted in a significant reduction in cellularity, neutrophil granulopoiesis and number of megakaryocytes, accompanied by a retrieval of erythroid precursors. In patients with Imatinib as the only treatment morphometric analysis of CD61+ megakaryopoiesis was in keeping with a significant decrease in maturation defects implying a lesser amount of atypical micromegakaryocytes almost consistent with normalization. Moreover, a reduction of the initially enhanced (CD34+) microvessel density was detectable associated with a decrease in luminal distension. Regression of marked to moderate myelofibrosis was recognizable in about 70% of patients especially in the accelerated and blastic phases. The amount of myeloblasts, CD34+ progenitor cells and lysozyme-expressing immature myelomonocytic cells declined with treatment, but recurred in about 19% of patients that developed a leukemic relapse after 21+/-6 months of therapy. Data on proliferative activity and apoptosis in general supported in vitro findings concerning the inhibitory effect of this agent on growth associated with a tendency for stimulated apoptosis, at least in responding patients.