gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
miR‐145 regulates myofibroblast differentiation and lung fibrosis (2013)

The expression of smooth muscle actin-α (SMA-α) by fibroblasts defines phenotypic transition to myofibroblasts and is a primary contributor to contractile force generation by these differentiated cells. Although the regulation of SMA-α expression has been the focus of many studies, there is presently only limited information concerning miRNA regulation of lung myofibroblast differentiation and the involvement of these miRNAs in pulmonary fibrosis. To determine the role of miR-145 in regulating lung myofibroblast differentiation and pulmonary fibrosis. Wild-type and miR-145(-/-) mice were studied. Lung fibrosis models and cell culture systems were employed. miR-145 mimics or inhibitors were transfected into pulmonary fibroblasts. Fibrogenic and contractile activities of lung fibroblasts were determined. We found that miR-145 expression is upregulated in TGF-β1-treated lung fibroblasts. miR-145 expression is also increased in the lungs of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis as compared to in normal human lungs. Overexpression of miR-145 in lung fibroblasts increased SMA-α expression, enhanced contractility, and promoted formation of focal and fibrillar adhesions. In contrast, miR-145 deficiency diminished TGF-β1 induced SMA-α expression. miR-145 did not affect the activity of TGF-β1, but promoted the activation of latent TGF-β1. miR-145 targets KLF4, a known negative regulator of SMA-α expression. Finally, we found that miR-145(-/-) mice are protected from bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. miR-145 plays an important role in the differentiation of lung myofibroblasts. miR-145 deficiency is protective against bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, suggesting that miR-145 may be a potential target in the development of novel therapies to treat pathological fibrotic disorders.
The use of cone-shaped kernels for generalized time-frequency representations of nonstationary signals (1990)

Generalized time-frequency representations (GTFRs) which use cone-shaped kernels for nonstationary signal analysis are presented. The cone-shaped kernels are formulated for the GTFRs to produce good resolution simultaneously in time and frequency. Specifically, for a GTFR with a cone-shaped kernel, finite time support is maintained in the time dimension along with an enhanced spectrum in the frequency dimension, and the cross-terms are smoothed out. Experimental results on simulated data and real speech show the advantages of the GTFRs with the cone-shaped kernels through comparisons to the spectrogram and the pseudo-Wigner distribution.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Kinetics of Silicon Deposition on Silicon by Pyrolysis of Silane (1974)

The kinetics of silane pyrolysis on a silicon (111) surface has been investigated mass spectrometrically by molecular beam sampling over the silane pressure range Torr and specimen temperature range 20°–1200°C. Silane decomposition was found to occur by the mechanism
Development of a Tissue-Engineered Human Oral Mucosa: From the Bench to the Bed Side (2004)

The main objective of this publication is to make the reader aware of the complexity and steps that are necessary to make a Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved laboratory produced cell-based device, for use in clinical trials for reconstructive surgery. Most tissue-engineered cell-based devices are considered as 'human somatic cell therapy' and fall under the auspices of the Center of Biologic Evaluation and Research (CBER) and are considered a combination product by the FDA. We have illustrated the algorithm that is necessary to follow an Independent New Drug (IND) application by using our ex vivo produced oral mucosa equivalents (EVPOME), a tissue-engineered oral mucosa, as an example of a cell-based device that needs FDA approval prior to clinical application. By illustrating the experimental approach and presenting resulting data we attempt to explain each step that we address along the way.
Achromatic supertwisted nematic LCD using birefringent film (2003)

A novel achromatic supertwisted nematic (STN) cell with birefringent film, which is used to compensate the rotational dispersion of the STN-cell, is proposed, and optical properties of the cell are discussed. It is found from the numerical analysis using Oseen-Frank elastic theory and Berreman's 4*4 matrix method that there are several solutions that yield high contrast ratio and color-tree background. This result is confirmed by experiment. The advantages of the cell are its light weight and good contrast ratio.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Retinoic acid suppresses intimal hyperplasia and prevents vessel remodeling following arterial injury (1999)

Vitamin A and its derivatives (retinoids) are capable of inhibiting vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation in vitro. The present study examines the effect of two retinoids, all-trans retinoic acid and 13-cis retinoic acid, on intimal hyperplasia following arterial injury. After receiving varying doses of all-trans retinoic acid or 13-cis retinoic acid, 78 male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent standard balloon catheter denudation of the left common carotid artery. Morphometric analysis and immunohistochemistry for proliferating cell nuclear antigen was performed at early and late time points. Intimal/medial ratios were reduced in a dose-dependent fashion for animals treated with all-trans retinoic acid (P = 0.001) and 13-cis retinoic acid (P = 0.004). Proliferating cell nuclear antigen labeling indices were reduced after treatment with all-trans retinoic acid and 13-cis retinoic acid at early time points post-injury. At a dose of 10 mg/kg, both all-trans retinoic acid and 13-cis retinoic acid inhibited vessel remodeling as measured by increases in luminal diameter (P < 0.05) and external elastic lamina (P < 0.05). Retinoids are an attractive clinical option for the treatment of restenosis following angioplasty and arterial surgery.
Fully Silicided Metal Gates for High-Performance CMOS Technology: A Review (2005)

Full silicidation (FUSI) of polysilicon gates promises to be a simple approach for formation of metal gate electrodes for highly scaled complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) transistors. Devices have been reported with several different silicides, prominently with nickel. NiSi was shown to produce different work functions, covering a large portion of silicon bandgap, in relation to a dopant type and amount present in polysilicon. Elimination of polysilicon gate electrode depletion has been demonstrated. Data indicates that significant reduction of gate tunneling current is possible. A summary of developments of this new approach to metal gates and discussion of issues and challenges of the FUSI process and its applicability to highly scaled technologies is presented.
Holographic Subtraction (1971)

A holographic technique by which two dissimilar optical fields can be subtracted to yield only their difference is presented. The principle underlying this technique is that of optical interference between a holographically reconstructed field and a direct real-time one. Experimental verification is presented for the three cases of image-plane, fourier-transform, and Fresnel side-band holograms. Also considered is the application of this concept to change detection between photographic transparencies of some scene taken at different times.
A High-Performance Single-Phase Bridgeless Interleaved PFC Converter for Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle Battery Chargers (2011)

In this paper, a new front end ac-dc bridgeless interleaved power factor correction topology is proposed for level II plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) battery charging. The topology can achieve high efficiency, which is critical for minimizing the charger size, PHEV charging time and the amount and cost of electricity drawn from the utility. In addition, a detailed analytical model for this topology is presented, enabling the calculation of the converter power losses and efficiency. Experimental and simulation results are included for a prototype boost converter converting universal ac input voltage (85-265 V) to 400 V dc output at up to 3.4 kW load. The experimental results demonstrate a power factor greater than 0.99 from 750 W to 3.4 kW, THD less than 5% from half load to full load and a peak efficiency of 98.9% at 70 kHz switching frequency, 265 V input and 1.2 kW load.
Real-time Optimization of IGBT/Diode Cell Switching under Active Voltage Control (2006)

A combined digital and analogue approach is introduced to establish a dynamic active voltage controller (AVC) for controlling an insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), suitable for series connection of devices. In the AVC, the reference voltage dictates the switching trajectory of active voltage controlled IGBTs via a feedback loop. By means of employing adaptive and self-timing control methods to adjust the reference voltage profile according to the transient states on the power side, this new controller has achieved real-time optimization of the IGBT switching with lowest possible power losses. In particular, this new AVC has provided an efficient and flexible solution to addressing the diode reverse recovery and the IGBT-diode commutation during IGBT switch-on operation. The commonly seen voltage overshoot and extra power loss associated with diode reverse recovery voltage are greatly reduced in the new AVC. The optimal switching performance in experiments for both a single IGBT and IGBTs connected in series is given in this paper. This is an effective solution to IGBT control without snubber networks and shows the effectiveness of concurrent optimization of devices and circuits
대의민주주의에서 보통선거의 원칙과 투표율 제고방안 (2010)

오늘날 우리나라를 비롯한 민주주의 국가에서 투표율의 저하현상은 대의제도의 위기를 말하는 한 원인이 되고 있다. 흔히 이 문제에 대한 손쉬운 대응방안으로 국가의 국민에 대한 투표강제, 즉 의무투표제를 떠올릴 수 있을 것이다. 반대로 보다 많은 유권자들이 보다 쉽게 투표에 참여할 수 있도록, 투표방식의 불편을 더는 국가의 노력이 더욱 필요하다고 주장할 수도 있을 것이다. 여러 선거의 원칙 중 특히 보통선거의 원칙은 이러한 투표율 제고방안과 밀접한 관련을 가진다. 선거권의 본질에 대해서는 이것을 권리로 이해하는 견해와 의무로 이해하는 견해가 있다. 보통선거의 원칙에서 비롯하는 보통선거권을 의무로 이해할 경우, 의무투표제는 가장 중요하고도 당연한 투표율 제고방안으로 받아들여지게 된다. 반면 보통선거의 원칙을 권리로 이해할 경우 투표율 제고방안은 당연히 유권자의 투표권 행사에 있어서의 여러 제약을 해소하는 방향으로 전개되어야 할 것이다. 국민주권의 원리가 확립된 오늘날 보통선거권을 비롯하여, 선거권의 본질은 의무가 아닌 권리로 이해된다. 따라서 의무투표제는 권리로서의 선거권의 본질을 간과한 구시대의 유물이라는 비판에서 자유롭지 못하다. 실제로 이런 이유에서 오늘날 의무투표제를 실시하는 민주주의 국가들 중에서 과거와 같이 엄격한 의미의 의무투표제를 실시하는 경우는 많지 않다. 많은 국가에서 의무투표제는 유권자에게 투표장에 출석할 것만을 요구하거나, 불참자에 대한 제제를 거의 하지않는 방식으로 운용되고 있다. 반면 선진 외국의 많은 국가에서, 특히 부재자투표제도와 관련하여, 유권자의 투표참여시 장애는 지속적으로 해소되고 있다. 이러한 점은 우리나라에서의 투표율 제고방안 또한, 국민의 투표참여 의무를 강화하는 방향이 아니라 모든 국민이 투표에 보다 쉽게 참여할 수 있도록 투표방식의 여러 제약을 해소하는 방향으로 전개되어야 한다는 점을 시사한다. 그러나 이러한 논의에도 불구하고, 투표율 저하현상의 궁극적인 원인은 투표방식의 문제보다는 정치에 대한 국민의 무관심에서 비롯한다고 할 수 있다. 따라서 장기적으로는 투표율 제고를 위해서 민주시민 교육과 더불어 유권자의 투표에 대한 효용성을 높이는 제도개선이 요구된다 하겠다.
Aerodynamic Data Reconstruction and Inverse Design Using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (2004)

The application of proper orthogonal decomposition for incomplete (gappy) data for compressible external aerodynamic problems has been demonstrated successfully in this paper for the first time. Using this approach, it is possible to construct entire aerodynamic flowfields from the knowledge of computed aerodynamic flow data or measured flow data specified on the aerodynamic surface, thereby demonstrating a means to effectively combine experimental and computational data. The sensitivity of flow reconstruction results to available measurements and to experimental error is analyzed. Another new extension of this approach allows one to cast the problem of inverse airfoil design as a gappy data problem. The gappy methodology demonstrates a great simplification for the inverse airfoil design problem and is found to work well on a range of examples, including both subsonic and transonic cases.
Psychosis in Vitamin B12 Deficiency (1971)

Vitamin B 12 deficiency may present with a psychosis which is curable if treated promptly. 1-8 Although this fact is not new and is described in various textbooks, 9,10 it seems that it is often forgotten, which results in prolonged suffering from irreversible brain damage. 1 Accordingly, the following case report is presented to reemphasize the value of recognizing and promptly treating megaloblastic madness. Patient Summary A 53-year-old Negro woman was admitted to the District of Columbia General Hospital for the first time on Sept 12, 1968, because of psychosis and anemia. She had become increasingly anorectic for two months before admission and lost 13.6 kg (30 lb). During the last month she had become unmanageable at home by refusing all food, defecating and urinating in bed, and failing to recognize her husband. She was fearful that various unknown persons would harm her and had to be led by the
Endothelial binding sites for heparin. Specificity and role in heparin neutralization (1986)

The specificity of endothelial binding sites for heparin was investigated with heparin fractions and fragments differing in their Mr, charge density and affinity for antithrombin III, as well as with heparinoids and other anionic polyelectrolytes (polystyrene sulphonates). The affinity for endothelial cells was estimated by determining I50 values in competition experiments with 125I-heparin. We found that affinity for endothelial cells increases as a function of Mr and charge density (degree of sulphation). Binding sites are not specific receptors for heparin. Other anionic polyelectrolytes, such as pentosan polysulphates and polystyrene sulphonates, competed with heparin for binding to endothelial cells. Fractions of standard heparin with high affinity for antithrombin III also had greater affinity for endothelium. However, these two properties of heparin (affinity for antithrombin III and affinity for endothelial cells) could be dissociated. Oversulphated heparins and oversulphated low-Mr heparin fragments had lower anticoagulant activity and higher affinity for endothelial cells than did their parent compounds. Synthetic pentasaccharides, bearing the minimal sequence for binding to antithrombin III, did not bind to endothelial cells. Binding to endothelial cells involved partial neutralization of heparin. Bound heparin exhibited only 5% and 7% of antifactor IIa and antifactor Xa specific activity, respectively. In the presence of 200 nM-antithrombin III, and in the absence of free heparin, a limited fraction (approx. 30%) of bound heparin was displaced from endothelial cells during a 1 h incubation period. These data suggested that a fraction of surface-bound heparin could represent a pool of anticoagulant.
Synthesis of Disubstituted Cucurbit[6]uril and Its Rotaxane Derivative (2002)

Synthesis of diphenyl cucurbit[6]uril (CB[6]) has been achieved via co-oligomerization of diphenyl glycoluril and unsubstituted glycoluril. The unsymmetrically substituted CB[6], Ph(2)CB[6], was further converted to a rotaxane incorporating bis(dinitrophenyl)spermine. [reaction: see text]
Distributed object oriented systems (2002)

Distributed Objects is one of four competing technologies which include SQL Databases, TP Monitors and Groupware. The promise of Distributed Objects is that the partitioning of systems across networks will become more flexible, more homogeneous, more standardized, resulting in less difficulty to develop future applications. As the name implies, Distributed Objects encompasses two paradigms: the notion of distribution and the notion of object orientation These two concepts converge in what is referred to as middleware. Middleware is the somewhat nebulas domain in-between clients and servers where a great deal of time and effort is often spent in developing applications. In a properly designed Distributed Object System, enterprises have the ability to access any information by any system (or user) which has proper authorization and do so in a uniform and consistent fashion. In an admittedly oversimplified decomposition, two things are required to do this. The first is to make everything (including legacy systems) appear to be object oriented, and the second is to be able to access those objects across systems boundaries.
A new CMOS SiGeC avalanche photo-diode pixel for IR sensing (2009)

Near-infra-red sensing with silicon is limited by the bandgap of silicon, corresponding to a maximum wavelength of absorption of 1.1 μm. A new type of CMOS sensor is presented, which uses a SiGeC epitaxial film in conjunction with novel device architecture to extend absorption into the infra-red. The SiGeC film composition and thickness determine the spectrum of absorption; in particular for SiGeC superlattices, the layer ordering to create pseudo direct bandgaps is the critical parameter. In this new device architecture, the p-type SiGeC film is grown on an active region surrounded by STI, linked to the S/D region of an adjacent NMOS, under the STI by a floating N-Well. On a n-type active, a P-I-N device is formed, and on a p-type active, a P-I-P device is formed, each sensing different regions of the spectrum. The SiGeC films can be biased for avalanche operation, as the required vertical electric field is confined to the region near the heterojunction interface, thereby not affecting the gate oxide of the adjacent NMOS. With suitable heterojunction and doping profiles, the avalanche region can also be bandgap engineered, allowing for avalanche breakdown voltages that are compatible with CMOS devices.
Inhibition of human breast carcinoma cell proliferation by ascorbate and copper. (2002)

We tested the effect of different concentrations of ascorbic acid (AA), 50, 100, 250 mg/500 mg/dL) with copper sulfate (CS), 10 mg/dL) on human breast carcinoma (MDA-MB231) cell proliferation in vitro. Cell proliferation was measured using a colori-metric assay (Cell proliferation kit II (XTT), Boehringer, NJ). The results of the mean absorbance of the tissue culture at different AA concentrations and a constant CS concentration were as follow: 0.82 +/- 0.03 (control, mean +/- SE), 0.64 +/- 0.02 (CS above); 0.48 +/- 0.03 (50 mg/dL) AA), 0.21 +/- 0.02 (100 mg/dL), 0.08 +/- 0.01 (250 mg/dL) AA, 0.60 +/- 0.05 (500 mg/dL). These results show that a combination of AA and CS inhibits human breast carcinoma cell proliferation in vitro. This cell proliferation inhibitory effect is directly proportional to the AA concentration with the exception of the 500 mg/dL AA dose. This chemotherapeutic effect was optimally enhanced when AA was added at a concentration of 250 mg/dL. The AA concentrations of 500 mg/dL had a biphasic effect on tumor cell proliferation probably due to back and forth redox reactions between AA and dehydroascorbic acid in a closed system. This study provides preliminary evidence that AA and SC can be used as biological response modifiers (BRM) for tumor growth inhibition.
COLA: A Coverage and Latency Aware Actor Placement for Wireless Sensor and Actor Networks (2006)

In addition to the sensors, wireless sensor and actor networks (WSANs) employ significantly more capable actor nodes that can perform application specific actions. In these setups responsiveness to serious events is of utmost importance and thus requires minimal latency in both data gathering and action completion. In addition, since these actions are often taken at or close to where events are detected, which can be any spot within the monitored area, the actors should strive to provide maximal coverage of the area. In this paper, we propose COLA, an actor placement mechanism that considers both the delay requirements of data collection and the coverage. COLA first evenly distributes the actors in the region for maximized coverage. Actors then collaboratively partition the sensors, forming clusters. Each individual actor then repositions itself at a location that enables minimal latency in collecting data. The effectiveness of COLA is evaluated by extensive simulations.
Labelled compounds of potential biological interest. IV. Tritium labelling of some cyclzing compounds (1977)

Abstract Quaternary ammonium compounds formed at the site of action by spontaneous cyclization of tertiary ω‐haloalkylamine precursors may have interesting pharmacological properties. In order to study the pharmacokinetics of the cyclization principle, a series of new tertiary ω‐haloalkylamines derived from p‐chloroamphetamine has been synthesized both unlabelled and labelled with tritium at high specific activity.
Hydroxyproline Content of the Developing Chick Embryo (1950)

The egg-shell membranes of the chicken, duck, and turkey contain 0.66 to 1.00% hydroxyproline depending upon species. The remainder of the contents of the egg contains no detectable amount of hydroxyproline. Hydroxyproline appears in detectable amounts in the chick embryo after the fourth day and increases to 1.16% of the dry weight on the nineteenth day. The serosa contains hydroxyproline after the fifth day which increases to a maximum of 2.1% on the fourteenth day. Most of the hydroxyproline of the embryo and serosa is present in a form extractable by autoclaving, probably as collagen.
<scp>l</scp>-Arginine Infusion Decreases Peripheral Arterial Resistance and Inhibits Platelet Aggregation in Healthy Subjects (1994)

1. L-Arginine is the physiological precursor of nitric oxide which induces vasodilatation and inhibits platelet aggregation by the formation of cyclic GMP. 2. In the present study we investigated the effects of an intravenous infusion of L-arginine (30 g, 30 min) compared with placebo on blood pressure, heart rate and peripheral haemodynamics in ten healthy male subjects. Cyclic GMP, NO2- and NO3- were determined in plasma and urine to assess NO production in vivo by a new, highly specific and sensitive gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method. 3. L-Arginine significantly decreased mean arterial blood pressure and increased heart rate. The effect was more pronounced on diastolic than on systolic blood pressure. This was due to a decreased peripheral arteriolar resistance, as in femoral artery Doppler sonography the arterial diameter was unchanged but blood flow was increased. These haemodynamic effects were not observed after placebo administration. 4. Urinary excretion of cyclic GMP increased by 65.4% after L-arginine and by 25.1 after placebo. Urinary NO2- excretion was near the threshold of detection. Urinary NO3- excretion increased by 79.7% after L-arginine. Plasma arginine levels increased nearly ten-fold after the L-arginine infusion, and plasma cyclic GMP increased by a similar rate as in urine. However, plasma NO2- and NO3- remained unchanged after both treatments, as did plasma alpha-atrial natriuretic peptide levels. 5. Platelet aggregation was inhibited by 32.7% after L-arginine (P < 0.05), but was unchanged after placebo. Platelet intracellular cyclic GMP was increased by 43.0% after L-arginine, but not after placebo (P < 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Dextromethorphan and its combination with phenytoin facilitate kindling (1993)

We implanted 20 rats with bipolar electrodes and randomly distributed them into four groups that received intraperitoneal injections of phenytoin (PHT) (20 mg/kg), dextromethorphan (DM) (50 mg/kg), PHT+DM (20 and 50 mg/kg, respectively), or saline (C), 15 minutes before each daily stimulation. The number of stimulations needed to reach stage 3 seizures was 14.4 +/- 1.7 (C); 28 +/- 12 (PHT, p < 0.001); 6.2 +/- 3.9 (DM, p < 0.05); and 7.6 +/- 3.4 (PHT+DM, p < 0.05), suggesting that DM accelerated the expression of kindled seizures. Daily injections of DM and of DM+PHT without stimulation resulted in progressive seizure buildup to stage 3 in 4.8 +/- 6.2 (DM) or in 8 +/- 4.8 (DM+PHT) trials. We demonstrated savings in six kindled animals reinjected after 1 month. These results and previous experimental and clinical data suggest that DM may be epileptogenic when given repeatedly in high doses.