gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of the thermo-optic effect in hydrogenated amorphous silicon and hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide between 300 and 500 K at 1.55 μm (2001)

The thermo-optic coefficients of hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) and hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H)—two of the main amorphous semiconductors in optoelectronics—have been measured and critically analyzed in the practical device operation temperature range 300–500 K, at the communication wavelength of 1.55 μm. The experimental data have been fitted using a single-oscillator model that takes into account the shape of the ε2 spectrum of the amorphous materials. In particular, for a-Si:H, the extracted parameters significantly extend, and are consistent with, the few data reported in the literature; an interesting analogy with crystalline silicon is also found and discussed. Complete results for a-SiC:H are finally reported.
Inside Visual J (1996)

Inside Visual J++ is a how-to solution guide for serious software developers wanting the most efficient development tool in existence. This book includes in-depth coverage of this brand new product and teaches readers how to create ActiveX-enabled Java applets and applications.
Polyatomic ion/surface collisions: New methodology in tandem mass-spectrometry (1987)

The excitation of a gas phase ion to induce fragmentation is an important aspect of tandem mass spectrometry. Although excitation and fragmentation of polyatomic ions is typically accomplished upon collision with gaseous targets, limitations in energy deposition in an ion call for alternative methods of excitation. Therefore, investigations have been made by using metal surfaces as collision partners to activate polyatomic ions by using ions of 20-150 eV kinetic energy. Among the phenomena investigated are dissociation of the polyatomic ions upon collision with metal surfaces. The extent of dissociation can be controlled by selection of the impact energy. Collision with a surface gives rise to a narrower range of internal energies than do the corresponding ion/gaseous target collisions. Very large amounts of energy can be deposited in polyatomic ions upon collision with a metal target. Even at modest laboratory kinetic energies, the average internal energy deposited in ion/surface collisions exceeds that in gaseous collisions. Charge-exchange of multiply-charged species at the surface also occurs. Although simple charge exchange is observed, dissociative charge exchange is dominant in the cases studied. Dissociation and charge exchange of polyatomic ions in ion/surface collision are also accompanied by reactive collisions between organic ions and gas-covered metal surfaces. These processes include abstraction of H$\sp{\cdot}$, 2H$\sp{\cdot}$, 3H$\sp{\cdot}$ atoms and a CH$\sb3\sp{\cdot}$ group from the surface by the incident ions. Utility of polyatomic ion/surface interaction technique for isomeric ion characterization has also been investigated. The ion/surface interaction technique appears to have excellent ability to distinguish isomeric ions. One advantage of SID in isomeric ion characterization lies in the fact that reactive collisions occur simultaneously and add a new dimension of information to the daughter spectra recorded. The hydrogen and methyl radical abstraction reactions assist in distinguishing closely related isomeric ions. In the cases examined, ion structures could be deduced from the reactive collision and dissociation reactions observed.
A simple fiber-optic vehicle axle detector for roadways (2003)

This paper presents a fiber-optic vehicle axle detector for roadways. It is based on a fiber-optic Michelson interferometer that is mounted directly into the road surface. The fully dielectric design allows for remote operation of the sensor via a long section of optical fiber. A simple signal-processing scheme of the output signals has been adopted that allows for reliable detection of commercial and personal vehicles.
Global cost estimates of reducing carbon emissions through avoided deforestation (2008)

Tropical deforestation is estimated to cause about one-quarter of anthropogenic carbon emissions, loss of biodiversity, and other environmental services. United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change talks are now considering mechanisms for avoiding deforestation (AD), but the economic potential of AD has yet to be addressed. We use three economic models of global land use and management to analyze the potential contribution of AD activities to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. AD activities are found to be a competitive, low-cost abatement option. A program providing a 10% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 0.3-0.6 Gt (1 Gt = 1 x 10(5) g) CO(2).yr(-1) in emission reductions and would require $0.4 billion to $1.7 billion.yr(-1) for 30 years. A 50% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 1.5-2.7 Gt CO(2).yr(-1) in emission reductions and would require $17.2 billion to $28.0 billion.yr(-1). Finally, some caveats to the analysis that could increase costs of AD programs are described.
Acid digestion for sediments, sludges, soils, and solid wastes. A proposed alternative to EPA SW 846 Method 3050 (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcid digestion for sediments, sludges, soils, and solid wastes. A proposed alternative to EPA SW 846 Method 3050David E. Kimbrough and Janice R. WakakuwaCite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1989, 23, 7, 898–900Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es00065a021https://doi.org/10.1021/es00065a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1281Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fatigue in patients with chronic hepatitis C (2002)

In numerous studies of symptoms in patients with chronic hepatitis C there has been no systematic assessment of both fatigue and extrahepatic manifestations. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of fatigue in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and to identify associations between fatigue and clinical and biological hepatic and extrahepatic manifestations. We studied 1614 patients. Data were prospectively recorded during the first visit of patients infected with HCV and the prevalence of fatigue and its association with dermatological, rheumatological, neurological and nephrological manifestations; diabetes; arterial hypertension; auto-antibodies, and cryoglobulinaemia were assessed. Then, using multivariate analysis, we identified demographic, biochemical, immunological, virological, and histological factors associated with the presence of fatigue. Fatigue was present in 53% of patients (95% confidence interval 51-56). In 17% of patients (95% confidence interval 15-19) fatigue was severe, impairing activity. Five other extrahepatic manifestations had a prevalence above 10% including, in decreasing order: arthralgia, paresthesia, myalgia, pruritus, and sicca syndrome. In univariate and multivariate analyses, fatigue, in comparison with the absence of fatigue, was associated with female gender, age over 50 years, cirrhosis, depression and purpura. Independent of these associations, fatigue was associated with arthralgia, myalgia, paresthesia, sicca syndrome and pruritus. The prevalence of fibromyalgia (as defined by the association of fatigue with arthralgia or myalgia) was 19% (95% confidence interval 17-21). There was no significant association between fatigue and the following characteristics: viral load or genotype, alcohol consumption, abnormal thyroid function, and type and level of cryoglobulinaemia. Hence, fatigue is the most frequent extrahepatic manifestation in patients infected with HCV. Fatigue is independently associated with female gender, age over 50 years, cirrhosis, depression and purpura.
Determination of elemental compositions by gas chromatography/time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry using chemical and electron ionization (2010)

Many metabolomic applications use gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) under standard 70 eV electron ionization (EI) parameters. However, the abundance of molecular ions is often extremely low, impeding the calculation of elemental compositions for the identification of unknown compounds. On changing the beam-steering voltage of the ion source, the relative abundances of molecular ions at 70 eV EI were increased up to ten-fold for alkanes, fatty acid methyl esters and trimethylsilylated metabolites, concomitant with 2-fold absolute increases in ion intensities. We have compared the abundance, mass accuracy and isotope ratio accuracy of molecular species in EI with those in chemical ionization (CI) with methane as reagent gas under high-mass tuning. Thirty-three peaks of a diverse set of trimethylsilylated metabolites were analyzed in triplicate, resulting in 342 ion species ([M+H](+), [M-CH(3)](+) for CI and [M](+.), [M-CH(3)](+.) for EI). On average, CI yielded 8-fold more intense molecular species than EI. Using internal recalibration, average mass errors of 1.8 +/- 1.6 mm/z units and isotope ratio errors of 2.3 +/- 2.0% (A+1/A ratio) and 1.7 +/- 1.8% (A+2/A ratio) were obtained. When constraining lists of calculated elemental compositions by chemical and heuristic rules using the Seven Golden Rules algorithm and PubChem queries, the correct formula was retrieved as top hit in 60% of the cases and within the top-3 hits in 80% of the cases.
Microwave Harmonic Generation by Ferrimagnetic Crystals (1961)

The experimental behavior of isotropic ferrimagnetic insulators in second harmonic generation at microwave frequencies has been investigated and compared with the behavior predicted by the equations of motion with Landau-Lifshitz and with Bloch-Bloem-bergen damping. In general, a close agreement between experiment and theory was found. The experiments were carried out with small samples of single-crystal manganese ferrite, YIG, and other ferrimagnetic materials. Since harmonic generation results from asymmetries in the precessional orbit, measurements were made with disk-shaped specimens in which the demagnetizing fields create the asymmetry. The technique employed a cavity simultaneously resonant to 8.5 and 17 kMc. Absolute values of field intensities and magnetizations were computed from absolute power measurements. A figure of merit F for a ferrimagnet is defined. In a practical 2ω generator the output power P2ω is expected to vary as the product F2Pi2, where Pi is the input ω power. In comparing materials at ferrimagnetic resonance (FMR), F should vary as χ0″. This was verified experimentally, even at high drive levels. At constant frequency and drive level F should be nearly independent of Hdc. Only slight deviations from this were found at low drive levels.
Large increase of refractive index and compactness in siloxane-type spin-on-glass induced by ion implantation (1990)

Drastic changes in index of refraction and volume shrinkage of spin-on-glass films induced by P+ implantation are reported. An increase in refraction index (n) as large as 20% (from 1.38 to 1.79) has been measured following 1.6×1016 cm −2 implantations. The changes in n are accompanied by a volume shrinkage of similar magnitude. However, at doses exceeding ≊1015 cm−2 the shrinkage saturates while the index of refraction continues to increase indicating that material changes other than simple densification must be responsible for the observed rise in refractive index.
Multimodal Image-to-Image Translation by Enforcing Bi-Cycle Consistency (2017)

Many image-to-image translation problems are ambiguous, with a single input image corresponding to multiple possible outputs. In this work, we aim to model a distribution of possible outputs in a conditional generative modeling setting. The ambiguity of the mapping is encoded in a low-dimensional latent vector, which can be randomly sampled at test time. A generator learns to map the input, along with the latent code, to an output. We explicitly enforce cycle consistency between the latent code and the output. Encouraging invertibility helps prevent a many-to-one mapping from the latent code to the output during training, also known as the problem of mode collapse, and helps produce more diverse results. We evaluate the relationship between perceptual realism and diversity of images generated by our method, and test on a variety of domains.
Tri-modality small animal imaging system (2005)

Our group is developing a scanner that combines X-ray, single gamma, and optical imaging on the same rotating gantry. Two functional modalities (SPECT and optical) are included because they have different strengths and weaknesses in terms of spatial and temporal decay lengths in the context of in vivo imaging, and because of the recent advent of multiple reporter gene constructs. The effect of attenuation by biological tissue on the detected intensity of the emitted signal was measured for both gamma and optical imaging. Attenuation by biological tissue was quantified for both the bioluminescent emission of ludferace and for the emission light of the near infrared fluorophore cyanine 5.5, using a fixed excitation light intensity. Experiments were performed to test the feasibility of using either single gamma or X-ray imaging to make depth-dependent corrections to the measured optical signal. Our results suggest that significant improvements in quantitation of optical emission are possible using straightforward correction techniques based on information from other modalities. Development of an integrated scanner in which data from each modality are obtained with the animal in a common configuration will greatly simplify this process.
Recovery mechanism for latency misprediction (2002)

Signalling result availability from the functional units to the instruction scheduler can increase the cycle time and/or the effective latency of the instructions. The knowledge of all instruction latencies would allow the instruction scheduler to operate without the need for external signalling. However, the latency of some instructions is unknown; but, the scheduler can optimistically predict the latency of these instructions and speculatively issue their dependent instructions. Although prediction techniques have great performance potential, their gain can vanish due to misprediction handling. For instance, holding speculatively scheduled instructions in the issue queue reduces its capacity to lookahead for independent instructions. The paper evaluates a recovery mechanism for latency mispredictions that retains the speculatively issued instructions in a structure apart from the issue queue: the recovery buffer. When data becomes available after a latency misprediction, the dependent instructions will be re-issued from the recovery buffer. Moreover in order to simplify the reissue logic of the recovery buffer, the instructions will be recorded in issue order. On mispredictions, the recovery buffer increases the effective capacity of the issue queue to hold instructions waiting for operands. Our evaluations in integer benchmarks show that the recovery buffer mechanism reduces issue-queue size requirements by about 20-25%. Also, this mechanism is less sensitive to the verification delay than the recovery mechanism that retains the instructions in the issue queue.
Electrostatic Plasma Containment System and Electron Motion Through Grids (1964)

Grids consisting of arrays of fine wires to form cylindrical surfaces were used in getter-ion pumps. They have been shown to be plasma containers holding ions and electrons up to densities of 3×108/cm3. A discussion is given of the motion of electrons through grids. Limitations on the mean free path of electrons are discussed. A method is described for obtaining high currents of positive ions.
Clinical, Virologic, and Immunologic Characteristics of Zika Virus Infection in a Cohort of US Patients: Prolonged RNA Detection in Whole Blood (2018)

ZIKV RNA detection was more frequent and prolonged in whole-blood specimens. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and neutralizing antibodies, but not IgM, were influenced by prior dengue infection. Robust cellular responses to E and nonstructural proteins have potential vaccine development implications.
Activity, Splice Variants, Conserved Peptide Motifs, and Phylogeny of Two New α1,3-Fucosyltransferase Families (FUT10 and FUT11) (2008)

We report the cloning of three splice variants of the FUT10 gene, encoding for active alpha-l-fucosyltransferase-isoforms of 391, 419, and 479 amino acids, and two splice variants of the FUT11 gene, encoding for two related alpha-l-fucosyltransferases of 476 and 492 amino acids. The FUT10 and FUT11 appeared 830 million years ago, whereas the other alpha1,3-fucosyltransferases emerged 450 million years ago. FUT10-391 and FUT10-419 were expressed in human embryos, whereas FUT10-479 was cloned from adult brain and was not found in embryos. Recombinant FUT10-419 and FUT10-479 have a type II trans-membrane topology and are retained in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) by a membrane retention signal at their NH(2) termini. The FUT10-479 has, in addition, a COOH-ER membrane retention signal. The FUT10-391 is a soluble protein without a trans-membrane domain or ER retention signal that transiently localizes to the Golgi and then is routed to the lysosome. After transfection in COS7 cells, the three FUT10s and at least one FUT11, link alpha-l-fucose onto conalbumin glycopeptides and biantennary N-glycan acceptors but not onto short lactosaminyl acceptor substrates as do classical monoexonic alpha1,3-fucosyltransferases. Modifications of the innermost core GlcNAc of the N-glycan, by substitution with ManNAc or with an opened GlcNAc ring or by the addition of an alpha1,6-fucose, suggest that the FUT10 transfer is performed on the innermost GlcNAc of the core chitobiose. We can exclude alpha1,3-fucosylation of the two peripheral GlcNAcs linked to the trimannosyl core of the acceptor, because the FUT10 fucosylated biantennary N-glycan product loses both terminal GlcNAc residues after digestion with human placenta alpha-N-acetylglucosaminidase.
Hysteresis Current Controllers for Grid Connected Inverter: Review and Experimental Implementation (2018)

The purpose of this paper is to present a comparative study on basic hysteresis current controller techniques for grid connected inverters. Hysteresis current controllers are best known for robustness, fast error tracking, better dynamic response and ease of implementation than other controllers proposed in literature. To improve the power quality of grid connected inverter, different methods of hysteresis current controller are studied under dynamic conditions. An Analytical study has been carried out on the basis of Total harmonic distortion (THD) and maximum switching frequency. In this paper, single band hysteresis control (SBHC), double band hysteresis control (DBHC), modified double band hysteresis control (MDBHC) and variable band hysteresis control (VBHC) techniques are discussed. All the analytical and experimental results are compared with a constant hysteresis band. Simulation and hardware results are presented to validate the analysis and performance of controllers for steady state and dynamic condition.
Removal of Congo red from aqueous solution using a chitosan/organo‐ montmorillonite nanocomposite (2007)

Abstract To further improve the adsorption capacity of chitosan (CTS), a series of novel chitosan/organo‐montmorillonite nanocomposites (CTS/OMMT) were synthesized and the adsorption abilities for Congo red (CR) investigated in this study. The nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction analysis (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the results indicated that an exfoliated nanostructure was formed in CTS/OMMT nanocomposites. Compared with the adsorption capacity of OMMT (192.4 mg g −1 ), CTS/OMMT with an amount of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide equal to 0.75 CEC of MMT and molar ratio of CTS to OMMT of 1:10 exhibited the higher adsorption capacity (290.8 mg g −1 ). The adsorption behaviours of OMMT and CTS/OMMT showed that the adsorption kinetics and isotherms were in good agreement with a pseudo‐second‐order equation and the Langmuir equation, respectively. The IR spectra revealed that a chemical interaction occurred between CTS/OMMT and CR. The adsorption capacity of CTS/OMMT nanocomposite was higher than that of other absorbents; this study suggested that the CTS/OMMT nanocomposite could be used as an adsorbent to remove CR dye from aqueous solution. Copyright © 2007 Society of Chemical Industry
XPM Mitigation in WDM Systems Using Split Nonlinearity Compensation (2019)

We propose a simple method to mitigate the cross phase modulation (XPM) effect in wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) systems, which combines the split nonlinearity compensation (NLC) and the receiver-side phase recovery algorithm. In the proposed method, the split NLC can suppress the conversion from the nonlinear phase noise (NLPN) to the Gaussian-like nonlinear interference noise (NLIN), and together with the phase recovery algorithm, which can compensate for the NLPN, the impact of the XPM on the signal is finally mitigated. This method is demonstrated by a transmission simulation with 11 WDM channels and 32 Gbaud 16 QAM modulations. The simulation results show that, due to the XPM mitigation, the proposed method can provide 0.4 dB gain for 500-km transmission, 0.3 dB gain for 2000-km transmission, and about 0.2 dB gain for 3000-km to 10000-km transmissions. The influence of the transmission distance on the gain is also discussed. Moreover, the selection of the phase recovery algorithm for different transmission distances is investigated, and the results show that for a short distance the blind phase search (BPS) is better, but for a long distance the V&V algorithm is more appropriate.
Protection against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) elicited in mice by plasmid DNA immunisation encoding a secreted RSV G protein-derived antigen (2000)

Plasmid vectors encoding two different variants, one cytoplasmic and one secreted version, of a candidate vaccine BBG2Na to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), were constructed and evaluated in a nucleic acid vaccination study. The two different vectors, which employed the Semliki Forest virus gene amplification system, were found to express BBG2Na appropriately in in vitro cell cultures. Immunisation of mice with the plasmid vectors elicited significant serum anti-BBG2Na IgG responses only in the mice receiving the plasmid encoding the secreted version of BBG2Na. Consistent with antibody induction data, sterilising lung protection against RSV-A challenge was also only observed in this group. These results indicate that the targeting of antigen expression (intracellular versus secreted) would be an important factor to consider in the design of nucleic acid vaccines.