gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Purification and Characterization of a 1,4-Benzoquinone Reductase from the Basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1995)

An intracellular, soluble 1,4-benzoquinone reductase was purified from agitated cultures of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and characterized. The quinone reductase was expressed in cultures grown under both nitrogen-sufficient and nitrogen-limiting (12 and 1.2 mM ammonium tartrate) conditions. The protein was purified to homogeneity by using ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydrophobic interaction, and ion-exchange and blue-agarose affinity chromatographies. The native flavin mononucleotide-containing protein, pI 4.3, has a molecular mass of 44 kDa as determined by gel filtration. The protein has a subunit molecular mass of ;sim22 kDa as determined by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The quinone reductase exhibits a broad pH optimum between 5.0 and 6.5 and a temperature optimum of 30(deg)C. The enzyme catalyzes the two-electron reduction of several quinones and other electron acceptors utilizing either NADH or NADPH as an electron donor. The apparent K(infm) for 2-methoxy-1,4-benzoquinone is 2.4 (mu)M, and the apparent k(infcat) is 4.4 x 10(sup5) s(sup-1). Enzyme activity is strongly inhibited by Cibacron blue 3GA and by dicumarol.
On the Performance of Bandwidth Estimation Tools (2005)

In this paper we first present a complete survey on available bandwidth estimation tools. More precisely, according to the classification proposed on IEEE Network by Prasad et al. in 2003 we categorize them in (i) end-to-end capacity estimation tools; (ii) available bandwidth estimation tools; (iii) tcp throughput and bulk transfer capacity measurement tools. After a complete survey, we present our proposal, which is based on an integration of previous tools, aiming to improve a fitness function composed of accuracy and total time of estimation. Experimental results are given with respect to comparative analysis between our proposal and existing tools, interference analysis, and finally, wireless links.
A new access point selection policy for multi-rate IEEE 802.11 WLANs (2008)

In wireless local area networks, often a station can potentially associate with more than one access point (AP). Therefore, a relevant question is which AP to select ‘best’ from a list of candidate ones. In IEEE 802.11, the user simply associates to the AP with the strongest received signal strength. However, this may result in a significant load imbalance between several APs. Moreover, the multi-rate flexibility provided by several IEEE 802.11 variants can cause low bit rate stations to negatively affect high bit rate ones and consequently degrade the overall network throughput. This paper investigates the various aspects of ‘best’ AP selection for IEEE 802.11 systems. In detail, we first derive a new decision metric which can be used for AP selection. Using this metric, we propose two new selection mechanisms which are decentralised in the sense that the decision is performed by each station, given appropriate status information of each AP. In fact, only few bytes of status information have to be added to the Beacon and Probe Response frames which does not impose significant overhead. We show that our mechanism improves mean quality of service of all stations and better utilises network resources compared to the conventional one implemented today in IEEE 802.11 devices. Also, the schemes are appealing in terms of stability and provide their performance improvement even for denser or lighter network configurations.
Approaches to Immunization against Respiratory Syncytial Virus (1992)

Human respiratory syncytial (RS) virus is a major cause of lower respiratory tract infections among infants and young children. Globally, 65 million infections occur each year, resulting in 160,000 deaths. Severe lower respiratory tract disease because of RS virus infection predominantly occurs in infants who are two to six months of age. The antiviral compound ribavirin provides some benefits when used to treat children hospitalized with RS virus infections. However, its proper role in pediatric therapeutics remains ill-defined. Three approaches have been used to identify the individual proteins of RS virus that might be involved in generating protective immune responses: (1) the production and identification of monoclonal antibodies to individual viral proteins and their subsequent use in passive immunization trials to determine protective efficacy; (2) the administration of individual proteins isolated by immunoaffinity chromatography or by various physical separation methods, that is, a subunit vaccine approach; and (3) the expression of individual RS virus proteins from live recombinant vectors as a means of synthesizing individual gene products and testing their protective efficacy by vaccination with such vectors.
Design of narrow bandwidth elliptic-type SAW/BAW filters (2012)

The passband width obtained in the SAW/BAW filter is inherently limited by the electromechanical coupling factor K2 of piezoelectric substrate. Proposed is a new design technology to flexibly control the passband width without sacrificing insertion loss, out-of-band rejection and steepness of the transition bands. A bandpass LC filter has been designed based on the traditional elliptic filter design. The LC resonators are replaced with SAW/BAW resonators in this filter and the design of the resonators is optimised to suppress passband ripples generated by finite capacitance ratio γ. It revealed that filters with different relative bandwidth are easy to design using one piezoelectric substrate. This technique is applied to the design of a SAW filter fabricated on the Cu-grating/15°YX-LiNbO3 structure.
Watch Out for the Sand Twaps (1998)

As a 3-year-old, golf star Tiger Woods learned that to prepare for each shot, he would need to watch outfor wawa, sand twaps, and the wind. The idea of being alert to uncontrollable aspects of the environment serves as a metaphor for family life. Family counselors need to recognize the impact of the environment on eachfamily. They must also play a part in eliminating the sand twaps themselves.
GaAs avalanche microwave oscillators (1966)

Oscillations in the microwave region have been obtained from reverse biased GaAs diodes. Both diffused <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p-n</tex> junctions and surface barrier structures have been employed with breakdown voltages ranging roughly from 20 to 70 volts. Typically, the current densities associated with the oscillating condition are in the range 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sup> amperes/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> All observations have been made at room temperature on a pulse basis (one percent to twenty percent duty cycle) with the exception of two units which were operated CW. The oscillations are thought to be of the avalanche transit-time type, with the drift space being the space-charge region itself. On this basis, for the device geometries employed to date, the fundamental frequencies of oscillation are expected to lie primarily between 30 and 100 GHz, somewhat beyond the range conveniently accessible to the detection equipment employed. The observed oscillations have been mainly in the region of 8 to 30 GHz and are thought to be, for the most part, parametric lower sidebands, excited by the (unobserved) fundamental. A pulse output of 40 mW at 27 GHz has been measured, corresponding to an efficiency of 2 percent.
Effect of magnetoelastic film thickness on power absorption in acoustically driven ferromagnetic resonance (2017)

Surface acoustic waves (SAWs) traveling on the surface of a piezoelectric substrate are capable of exciting magnetoelastic ferromagnets into resonance. In this work, we explore the effects of magnetoelastic film thickness on the coupling of SAWs into such magnetic thin films. We find that power absorption as a function of film thickness begins to saturate above thicknesses of ≈20 nm. This is contrary to current models that predict an exponential increase of the absorption as a function of increasing film thickness. We show that the saturation happens due to an increase in the damping of the film beyond this thickness range.
OPTICAL PHASE AND AMPLITUDE RESPONSE OF AN IN-FIBER GRATING RESONATOR (1992)

We report the measured phase and amplitude response of an in-fiber grating resonator1. The optical bandpass resonator was formed in a single-mode fiber by a photo-refractive induced Bragg reflector2. The grating length was about 22 mm with a 1 mm central gap to facilitate formation of the resonator. The resonant peak occurred at 1547.1 nm. The 3 dB optical bandpass is 4 GHz wide.
Engineering a clinically-useful matrix for cell therapy (2008)

The design criteria for matrices for encapsulation of cells for cell therapy include chemical, biological, engineering, marketing, regulatory, and financial constraints. What is required is a biocompatible material for culture of cells in three-dimensions (3-D) that offers ease of use, experimental flexibility to alter composition and compliance, and a composition that would permit a seamless transition from in vitro to in vivo use. The challenge is to replicate the complexity of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) environment with the minimum number of components necessary to allow cells to rebuild a given tissue. Our approach is to deconstruct the ECM to a few modular components that can be reassembled into biomimetic materials that meet these criteria. These semi-synthetic ECMs (sECMs) employ thiol-modified derivatives of hyaluronic acid (HA) that can form covalently crosslinked, biodegradable hydrogels. These sECMs are "living" biopolymers, meaning that they can be crosslinked in the presence of cells or tissues to enable cell therapy and tissue engineering. Moreover, the sECMs allow inclusion of the appropriate biological cues needed to simulate the complexity of the ECM of a given tissue. Taken together, the sECM technology offers a manufacturable, highly reproducible, flexible, FDA-approvable, and affordable vehicle for cell expansion and differentiation in 3-D.
A Transport-Friendly NIC for Multicore/Multiprocessor Systems (2011)

Receive side scaling (RSS) is a network interface card (NIC) technology. It provides the benefits of parallel receive processing in multiprocessing environments. However, existing RSS-enabled NICs lack a critical data steering mechanism that would automatically steer incoming network data to the same core on which its application process resides. This absence causes inefficient cache usage if an application is not running on the core on which RSS has scheduled the received traffic to be processed. In Linux systems, it cannot even ensure that packets in a TCP flow are processed by a single core, even if the interrupts for the flow are pinned to a specific core. This results in degraded performance. In this paper, we develop such a data steering mechanism in the NIC for multicore or multiprocessor systems. This data steering mechanism is mainly targeted at TCP, but it can be extended to other transport layer protocols. We term a NIC with such a data steering mechanism "A Transport Friendly NIC" (A-TFN). Experimental results have proven the effectiveness of A-TFN in accelerating TCP/IP performance.
Wood pulp as an immobilization matrix for the continuous production of isopropanol and butanol (2012)

The study was focused on developing a continuous method to produce an alcohol mixture suitable to be used as a gasoline supplement. The immobilized column reactor with wood pulp fibers was successfully used for the continuous production of butanol and isopropanol using Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423. A sugar mixture (glucose, mannose, galactose, arabinose and xylose) representing lignocellulose hydrolysate was used as a substrate for the production of solvents. The effect of dilution rate on solvent production was studied during continuous operation. The maximum total solvent concentration of 11.99 g/l was obtained at a dilution rate of 0.16 h(-1). The maximum solvent productivity (5.58 g/l h) was obtained at a dilution rate of 1.5 h(-1). The maximum solvent yield of 0.45 g/g from sugar mixture was observed at 0.25 h(-1). The system will be further used for the solvent production using wood hydrolysate as a substrate.
Synthesis and Electrode Performance of Nanostructured V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> by Using a Carbon Tube‐in‐Tube as a Nanoreactor and an Efficient Mixed‐Conducting Network (2008)

Totally tubular electrodes: A new design is proposed for nanostructured electrodes for high-performance lithium batteries (see picture) based on the use of carbon tube-in-tube (CTIT) as both a nanoreactor and an efficient ion- and electron-conducting network. A V2O5/CTIT nanocomposite electrode is prepared to demonstrate this concept. The resulting materials exhibit a significant improved lithium-storage performance.
Immunostimulatory effects of pig seminal proteins on pig lymphocytes (1998)

Pig seminal proteins PSP-I and PSP-II are major protein components of boars' ejaculate and are present as heterodimers (PSP-dimer) in seminal plasma. These proteins were examined for their ability to modulate pig lymphocyte activity in vitro in mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation assays and in one-way mixed lymphocyte reactions. Pig lymphocytes were cultured with phytohaemagglutinin, concanavalin A, or pokeweed mitogen (PWM) in the presence or absence of pig seminal proteins and the amount of cellular [3H]thymidine was used as an indication of proliferation. In the absence of mitogens, none of the three pig seminal proteins affected lymphocyte proliferation suggesting that these proteins are not antigenic or mitogenic. PSP-dimer enhanced lymphocyte proliferation induced by PWM (156-227%, P < 0.05) in a concentration-dependent manner, but had no effect on phytohaemagglutinin- or concanavalin A-induced proliferation. PSP-I enhanced (127-185%, P < 0.05) phytohaemagglutinin-induced proliferation. PSP-II augmented (130-240%, P < 0.05) lymphocyte proliferation induced by concanavalin A and PWM. Lymphocytes from gilts were significantly more responsive to concanavalin A- and PWM-induced lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of PSP-I compared with boars (concanavalin A: gilts 131%, boars 91%; PWM: gilts 188%, boars 134%; P < 0.05). In the mixed lymphocyte reaction, pretreating stimulating cells with increasing concentrations of PSP-I or PSP-II elicited a 400% concentration-dependent increase (P < 0.01) in lymphocyte proliferation. The abundance of pig seminal proteins in boar seminal plasma, their ability to enhance lymphocyte proliferation, and their previously reported ability to bind to lymphocytes suggest that these proteins are immunostimulatory and supports the hypothesis that they modulate uterine immune activity to ensure reproductive success.
HFR1 is targeted by COP1 E3 ligase for post-translational proteolysis during phytochrome A signaling (2005)

Upon activation by far-red light, phytochrome A signals are transduced through several pathways to promote photomorphogenesis. The COP1 E3 ligase represses photomorphogenesis in part by targeting transcription activators such as LAF1 and HY5 for destruction. Another positive regulator of photomorphogenesis is HFR1, a basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factor. Here, we show that HFR1 colocalizes with COP1 in nuclear bodies, and that the HFR1 N-terminal region (amino acids 1-131) interacts with the COP1 WD40 domain. HFR1(DeltaN), an HFR1 mutant lacking the two N-terminal, COP1-interacting motifs, still localizes in nuclear bodies and retains weak affinity for COP1. Both HFR1 and HFR1(DeltaN) can be ubiquitinated by COP1, although with different efficiencies. Expression of 35S-HFR1(DeltaN) in wild-type plants confers greater hypersensitivity to FR than 35S-HFR1 expression, and only seedlings expressing 35S-HFR1(DeltaN) display constitutive photomorphogenesis. These phenotypic differences can be attributed to the instability of HFR1 compared with HFR1(DeltaN). In transgenic plants, HFR1 levels are significantly elevated upon induced expression of a dominant-negative COP1 mutant that interferes with endogenous COP1 E3 activity. Moreover, induced expression of wild-type COP1 in transgenic plants accelerates post-translational degradation of HFR1 under FR light. Taken together, our results show that HFR1 is ubiquitinated by COP1 E3 ligase and marked for post-translational degradation during photomorphogenesis.
Qu’est-ce que la papauté avignonnaise? (2016)

Definir os limites cronológicos do período vulgarmente chamado de “papado de Avinhão” obriga os historiadores a tomar posição em relação ao Grande Cisma do Ocidente. Alguns incluem este último naquele período, outros não. Embora Baluze tenha excluído Bento XIII das suas Vitae paparum avenionensium, o livro foi posto no Index. Era o começo de uma corrente historiográfica concebida para rotular com o mesmo estigma papas legítimos e cismáticos, todos eles acusados de ter residido em Avinhão para benefício da monarquia francesa. Esta tendência historiográfica começa agora a reverter-se.
Speckle free laser imaging (2012)

Speckle and related coherent artifacts limit the use of lasers for imaging, despite their potential advantages (i.e. brightness). We demonstrate speckle-free laser imaging using a random laser designed to produce spatially incoherent emission.
Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 Regulation of Blood–Brain Barrier Permeability (2005)

The present study was designed to elucidate the effects of the chemokine monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP-1) on blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Experiments were conducted under in vitro conditions (coculture of brain endothelial cells and astrocytes) to study the cellular effects of MCP-1 and under in vivo conditions (intracerebral and intracerebroventricular administration of MCP-1) to study the potential contribution of MCP-1 to BBB disruption in vivo. Our results showed that MCP-1 induces a significant increase in the BBB permeability surface area product for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-albumin under in vivo conditions, particularly during prolonged (3 or 7 days) exposure (0.096+/-0.008 versus 0.031+/-0.005 microL/g min in controls at 3 days, P<0.001). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 also enhanced (17-fold compared with control) the permeability of the in vitro BBB (coculture) model. At the cellular level, MCP-1 causes alteration of tight junction (TJ) proteins in endothelial cells (redistribution of TJ proteins determined by Western blotting and loss of immunostaining for occludin, claudin-5, ZO-1, ZO-2). Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1-induced alterations in BBB permeability are mostly realized through the CCR2 receptor. Absence of CCR2 diminishes any effect of MCP-1 on BBB permeability in vitro and in vivo. The permeability surface area product for FITC-albumin after 3 days exposure to MCP-1 was 0.096+/-0.006 and 0.032+/-0.007 microL/g min, in CCR2+/+ and CCR2-/- mice, respectively (P<0.001). Monocytes/macrophages also participate in MCP-1-induced alterations in BBB permeability in vivo. Monocytes/macrophages depletion (by clodronate liposomes) reduced the effect of MCP-1 on BBB permeability in vivo approximately 2 fold. Our results suggest that, besides its main function of recruiting leukocytes at sites of inflammation, MCP-1 also plays a role in 'opening' the BBB.
DNA methyltransferase DNMT3b protein overexpression as a prognostic factor in patients with diffuse large B‐cell lymphomas (2010)

Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCL) are the most common type of aggressive lymphomas, with considerable heterogeneity in clinical presentation, molecular characteristics, and outcome. Previous studies have showed significant correlations between DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) overexpression and unfavorable prognosis in human cancers. Therefore, we investigated in this study the biological and prognostic significance of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b protein expression in DLBCL. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in 81 DLBCL cases and correlated with clinicopathological parameters. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to estimate survival rates, and the Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to evaluate the prognostic impact of DNMT expression. Our results showed that overexpression of DNMT1, DNMT3a, and DNMT3b were detected in 48%, 13%, and 45% of investigated cases, respectively. DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and DNMT3b overexpression was significantly correlated with advanced clinical stages (P = 0.028 and P = 0.016, respectively). Moreover, concomitant expression of DNMT1 and DNMT3b was significantly correlated with resistance to treatment (P = 0.015). With regard to survival rates, although data was available only for 40 patients, DNMT3b overexpression was significantly correlated with shorter overall survival (P = 0.006) and progression-free survival (P = 0.016). Interestingly, multivariate analysis demonstrated that DNMT3b overexpression was an independent prognostic factor for predicting shortened overall survival (P = 0.004) and progression-free survival (P = 0.024). In conclusion, DNMT3b overexpression was identified as an independent prognostic factor for predicting shortened survival of patients with DLBCL and could be, therefore, useful in identifying patients who would benefit from aggressive therapy.
High Prevalence of “Simkania Z,” a Novel<i>Chlamydia‐like</i>Bacterium, in Infants with Acute Bronchiolitis (1998)

The newly described microorganism "Simkania Z" ("Z"), an obligate intracellular, penicillin-resistant microorganism most closely related to the chlamydiae, has been associated with adult community-acquired pneumonia. The possible involvement of "Z" in bronchiolitis in infants was examined in a prospective study of 239 infants with bronchiolitis and 78 controls. Other potential etiologic agents sought were respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), adenovirus, and cytomegalovirus. Evidence for the presence of "Z" in nasopharyngeal wash specimens (polymerase chain reaction and/or culture) was found in 25% of infants with bronchiolitis, while controls were all negative (P < .001). A serum IgA response to "Z" infection was detected by immunoperoxidase assay in 15% of infants with bronchiolitis versus 1.3% of controls (P < .001). Clinical findings were not different for infants with bronchiolitis associated with RSV alone, "Z" alone, or RSV and "Z" together. The high prevalence of "Z" in infants with bronchiolitis, often accompanied by an immune response, suggests a possible etiologic role of this agent in the disease.
Abatacept in the treatment of patients with psoriatic arthritis: Results of a six‐month, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II trial (2010)

The results of this study suggest that 10 mg/kg of abatacept, the approved dosage for rheumatoid arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis, may be an effective treatment option for PsA.