gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Quantitative Atlas of Cytochrome P450, UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase, and Transporter Proteins in Jejunum of Morbidly Obese Subjects (2016)

Protein expression levels of drug-metabolizing enzymes and transporters in human jejunal tissues excised from morbidly obese subjects during gastric bypass surgery were evaluated using quantitative targeted absolute proteomics. Protein expression levels of 15 cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzymes, 10 UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) enzymes, and NADPH-P450 reductase (P450R) in microsomal fractions from 28 subjects and 49 transporters in plasma membrane fractions from 24 of the same subjects were determined using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Based on average values, UGT1A1, UGT2B15, UGT2B17, SGLT1, and GLUT2 exhibited high expression levels (over 10 fmol/μg protein), though UGT2B15 expression was detected at a high level in only one subject. CYP2C9, CYP2D6, CYP3A5, UGT1A6, P450R, ABCG2, GLUT5, PEPT1, MCT1, 4F2 cell-surface antigen heavy chain (4F2hc), LAT2, OSTα, and OSTβ showed intermediate levels (1-10 fmol/μg protein), and CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, CYP2C18, CYP2C19, CYP2J2, CYP3A7, CYP4A11, CYP51A1, UGT1A3, UGT1A4, UGT1A8, UGT2B4, ABCC1, ABCC4, ABCC5, ABCC6, ABCG8, TAUT, OATP2A1, OATP2B1, OATP3A1, OATP4A1, OCTN1, CNT2, PCFT, MCT4, GLUT4, and SLC22A18 showed low levels (less than 1 fmol/μg protein). The greatest interindividual difference (364-fold) was detected for UGT2B17. However, differences in expression levels of other quantified UGTs (except UGT2B15 and UGT2B17), CYPs (except CYP1A1 and CYP3A5), and P450R, and all quantified transporters, were within 10-fold. Expression levels of CYP1A2 and GLUT4 were significantly correlated with body-mass index. The levels of 4F2hc showed significant gender differences. Smokers showed increased levels of UGT1A1 and UGT1A3. These findings provide a basis for understanding the changes in molecular mechanisms of jejunal metabolism and transport, as well as their interindividual variability, in morbidly obese patients.
Parastomal Hernia (2003)

Summary: Background: Parastomal hernia is a common complication after the construction of enterostomas and is difficult to treat. Methods: Proposals to avoid parastomal hernia are reviewed, analysing the current literature. Results: The rate of parastomal hernia is probably more than 30 % in general surgical practice. Bringing out the enterostomy through a laparotomy wound has been disastrous in terms of infection, wound dehiscence and herniation. Bringing out the stoma through the rectus abdominis muscle has been associated with a lower rate of parastomal hernia. After repair of parastomal hernia, the lowest rates of recurrence have been achieved with methods using a prosthetic mesh. The sublay technique is then the theoretically most attractive method. Conclusions: Parastomal hernia is a major surgical problem. The complication rate after the construction of enterostomas and the recurrence rate after repair of parastomal hernias are related to the choice of surgical technique. Zusammenfassung: Grundlagen: Nach Anlegen einer perkutanen Enterostomie sind Parastomie-Hernien eine häufige, schwierig zu behandelnde Komplikation. Methodik: Vorschläge zur Vermeidung von Parastomie-Hernien werden anhand einer Literaturübersicht dargestellt. Ergebnisse: Parastomie-Hernien werden in 30 % der Patienten beobachtet. Das Herausleiten einer Enterostomie durch die Laparotomie-Wunde ist durch Infektionen, Wunddehiszenz und Herniation mit vielen Komplikationen verbunden. Wird das Stoma durch den M. rectus abdominis herausgeleitet, ist die Rate an Parastomie-Hernien geringer. Zur Vermeidung von Rezidiven nach Verschluß von Parastomie-Hernien hat sich die Verwendung eines Kunststoffnetzes in Sublay-Technik besonders bewährt. Schlußfolgerungen: Parastomie-Hernien sind häufig ein chirurgisches Problem. Die Komplikations- und Rezidivrate nach Anliegen eines Enterostomas bzw. nach Korrektur einer Parastomie-Hernie sind von der Wahl der chirurgischen Technik abhängig.
Objective Quantification of Fluorescence Intensity on the Corneal Surface Using a Modified Slit-lamp Technique (2013)

Modifications performed on commercial slit-lamp hardware and the proposed digital image-processing technique have improved the quality of captured images for semiautomated quantification of fluorescein intensity on the cornea.
Demonstration of Split-Gate Type Trigate Flash Memory With Highly Suppressed Over-Erase (2012)

The functional split-gate type trigate flash memory cell transistors have successfully been fabricated for the first time, and their threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> ) variations before and after NOR-mode program/erase cycle have systematically been compared with the stack-gate ones. It was experimentally found that split-gate type cell transistors with the same control gate length (L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CG</sub> ) of 176 nm show much smaller Vt distribution after erase compared to those of stack-gate ones. Moreover, the measured source-drain breakdown voltage (BV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DS</sub> ) is higher than 3.1 V even the L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">CG</sub> was down to 76 nm. This indicates that the developed split-gate type trigate flash memory is very effective for scaled NOR-type flash memory with highly suppressed over-erase.
AC Loss Reduction in Multifilamentary Coated Conductors With Transposed Filaments (2016)

Filamentization has been shown to be an effective method in reducing magnetization ac loss of RE-Ba-Cu-O (REBCO) coated conductors. We have used a laser striation method followed by selective electroplating of copper to fabricate fully stabilized multifilamentary REBCO tapes with 12, 24, and 46 filaments. While expected levels of ac loss reduction has been confirmed in short segments of such multifilamentary tapes, electric coupling between the filaments of long tapes needs to be suppressed by transposition of the filaments. In this work, a technique was developed and implemented to reduce ac losses in REBCO multifilamentary coated conductors through a new design that allows us to transpose the filaments without any mechanical twisting. The process consists of patterning REBCO tapes by laser ablation followed by partial insulation and bonding. A twofold reduction of ac magnetization losses was achieved in the transposed multifilamentary REBCO tape when subject to an external perpendicular magnetic field at frequencies between 50 and 200 Hz and peak field values up to 88 mT. The filament-to-filament resistance and its effect on the coupling have also been investigated.
Autonomous greenhouse gas measurement system for analysis of gas migration on landfill sites (2010)

This paper describes the design, development and validation of an autonomous gas sensing platform prototype for monitoring of the greenhouse gases, methane (CH <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) and carbon dioxide (CO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). The deployment undertaken for validation of the developed prototype monitored landfill gas migration to perimeter borehole wells on a landfill site. Target gas concentrations were captured via infrared gas sensors tuned for each target gas and data reported to an offsite data collection point at 12 hour intervals. This bespoke platform and the accompanying data recording and interface software provide a flexible alternative to the presently employed labor intensive, manual monitoring routines. This successful trial brought about a change in the management of the trial sites gas extraction system.
Low-angle x-ray diffraction and electron-microscope studies of isolated erythrocyte membranes (1970)

ABSTRACT Two alternative sequences of low angle X-ray diffraction patterns (Type I and Type II) have been observed during the controlled dehydration of rat (and human) erythrocyte ghost preparations in which the residual haemoglobin content has varied. The Type I sequence has been obtained when haemoglobin has comprised more than 30 % of the total protein of the membrane preparation. It features an initial lamellar pattern that has been interpreted in terms of a predominantly continuous lipoprotein sandwich structure. Subsequent changes in diffraction pattern have been suggested to represent a partial breakdown of the lipoprotein structure to give a multiphase system. The Type II sequence was most readily obtained from haemoglobin-free ghosts. At no stage during the dehydration of these ghosts did the diffraction feature a stable lamellar pattern. At all levels of hydration the X-ray reflections appeared to represent independent lipid and lipoprotein phases. Osmium tetroxide fixation of haemoglobin-free membranes prevented the separation of lipid and lipoprotein phases during dehydration. Comparisons of electron micrographs of condensed membrane preparations have revealed some structural differences between membranes which give rise to the Type I and Type II diffraction sequences.
Self-diffusion in single-file zeolite membranes is Fickian at long times (1999)

We have developed a theory for self-diffusion in single-file Langmuirian zeolites of finite extent, which has been validated by open system kinetic Monte Carlo simulations. Our theory is based on a two-stage, Fickian diffusion mechanism, wherein a vacancy must traverse the entire file length to produce particle displacements of one lattice spacing. For times shorter than the vacancy diffusion time, tc, particle transport proceeds via the nonFickian, single-file diffusion mode, with mean-square displacements increasing with the square-root of time. For times longer than tc, however, we find that self-diffusion in single-file systems is completely described by Fick’s laws. We find that the fraction of time in the single-file diffusion mode scales inversely with file length for long files, suggesting that Fickian self-diffusion dominates transport in longer single-file zeolites. Through correlations among the particle movements, the single-file self-diffusivity is sensitive to sorption limitations for short files, and scales inversely with file length for long files. Experimental verification of the theory by pulsed field gradient NMR and tracer zero-length column experiments is discussed.
A Review of Watt-Level CMOS RF Power Amplifiers (2014)

This paper reviews the design of watt-level integrated CMOS RF power amplifiers (PAs) and state-of-the-art results in the literature. To reach watt-level output power from a single-chip CMOS PA, two main strategies can be identified: use of high supply voltage and use of matching and power combination. High supply voltage limits are closely related to device design in the fabrication process. However, the maximum operating voltage can be improved by amplifier class selection, circuit solutions, and process modifications or mask changes. High output power can also be reached by the use of on-chip matching and power combination, commonly using on-chip transformers. Reliability often sets the limits for the PA design, and PA degradation mechanisms are reviewed. A compilation of state-of-the-art published results for linear and switched watt-level PAs, as well as a few fully integrated CMOS PAs, is presented and discussed.
SYNTHESIS OF COUMARINS CATALYZED BY ECO-FRIENDLY W/ZrO<sub>2</sub>SOLID ACID CATALYST (2001)

Synthesis of substituted coumarins via reactions of resorcinol and substituted resorcinol with ethyl acetoacetate and ethyl α-methylacetoacetate (Pechmann reaction) are reported, in which the production of environmentally harmful waste streams is minimized by the use of a novel solid acid catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND STUDY OF P‐SUBSTITUTED TOLUOYL DERIVATIVES OF ETHYLENEDIAMINE AND PIPERAZINE (1982)

Abstract Derivate von Amben (I) besitzen stark antiproteolytische Eigenschaften.
Optimal determination of relaxation times of fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance. Determination of spin-lattice relaxation times in chemically polarized species (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOptimal determination of relaxation times of fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance. Determination of spin-lattice relaxation times in chemically polarized speciesKenner A. Christensen, David M. Grant, Edward M. Schulman, and Cheves WallingCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1974, 78, 19, 1971–1977Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100612a022https://doi.org/10.1021/j100612a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views621Altmetric-Citations146LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
An increase in dendritic spine density on hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells following spatial learning in adult rats suggests the formation of new synapses. (1994)

The search for cellular correlates of learning is a major challenge in neurobiology. The hippocampal formation is important for learning spatial relations. A possible long-lasting consequence of such spatial learning is alteration of the size, shape, or number of excitatory synapses. The dendritic spine density is a good index for the number of hippocampal excitatory synapses. By using laser-scanning confocal microscopy, we observed a significantly increased spine density in CA1 basal dendrites of spatially trained rats when compared to nontrained controls. With unchanged dendritic length, the higher spine density reflects an increased number of excitatory synapses per neuron associated with spatial learning.
Conformational analysis of cocaine, the potent analog 2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐fluorophenyl)tropane (CFT), and other dopamine reuptake blockers (1993)

Abstract Using the MM2‐87 program and parameter set, conformational analyses have been performed on cocaine ( 1 ), the potent analog 2β‐carbomethoxy‐3β‐(4‐fluorophenyl)tropane (CFT, 2 ), and a group of dopamine reuptake blockers that contain two phenyl rings. The latter includes LU 19‐005 ( 3 ), a 1‐amino‐4‐phenyltetralin ( 4 ), a hexahydropyrrolo[2,1‐ a ]isoquinoline ( 5 ), diclofensine ( 6 ), and a hexahydro[1,2‐ b ]pyridine ( 7 ). Using different values for the dielectric constant, the global minimum of 1 and 2 is a conformer in which there is a favorable electrostatic interaction between the ammonium hydrogen and the carbonyl of the carbomethoxy group. The N ‐methyl groups in 1 and 2 are found to strongly prefer the equatorial position of the piperidine ring. These results were also related to four crystal structures of 1 and its close derivatives. Compounds 3–7 are found to have a common conformation that was used to define the pharmacophore for dopamine reuptake blockers including the required orientation of the ammonium hydrogen. The pharmacophore provides an explanation for why the tertiary amine analogs of 3 and 4 are less potent than the secondary amines because the added N ‐methyl group occupies the position required for the ammonium hydrogen. This explanation, however, does not work for 7 , in which the tertiary amine is again less active than the secondary amine. However, this last series appears to have a number of anomalous features. Superposition of 2 with the pharmacophore suggests that its carbomethoxy may occupy the same region of the receptor as the second phenyl ring in compounds 3–7 . © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Predictive coding of speech: Historical review and directions for future research (2005)

The reasons underlying the success of predictive coding are outlined. Proper attention to auditory perception and masking of the quantizing noise have resulted in coders with high quality at 0.5 bits/residual sample. Ever more powerful chips have transported these basic principles into the realm of real-time reality. For sustained progress, current research should focus on 1. The effects of dynamic masking: during and immediately following rapid transitions in the speech spectrum the ear seems more tolerant to rough coding. The saving in average information rate could be substantial. 2. Better algebraically structured codes: codes are needed that are fast, simple to implement and allow the incorporation of subjective criteria. 3. Efficient coding of the parameters: because of the great success with coding the residual, sparse representation of the predictor coefficients is now paramount.
Setting up a retrieval system for design reuse—experiences and acceptance (1995)

Within the EU funded Esprit project 8369 CONSOLE, Rohde & Schwarz developed a demonstration software version of a retrieval system for design reuse. The system stores the design classifications in a database and is connected to the EDA systems from Zuken-Redac and Viewlogic for access (read or copy) to the schematic and layout design data. This software version is part of the user requirement definition of a subcircuit browser, which will be developed as industrial prototype within the CONSOLE project by Zuken-Redac. Rohde & Schwarz engineers are using this software since early 1994. This paper covers the following main issues: objectives of the system; RS brief overview on the current system functionality; necessary in house rules for reusable designs; definition of families for design classification (i.e. power units, amplifiers); introduction of reusability in the current design flow; and work practice and acceptance experiences.
Characteristics of Epstein‐Barr virus isolated from the malignant lymphomas in Korea (2002)

Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a common herpes virus linked to a variety of human neoplasms. In this study, the EBV detection was identified with the paraffin-embedded tissues from 62 non-Hodgkin's lymphomas, 20 Hodgkin's lymphomas, and 48 non-neoplastic tonsils, using PCR for EBNA-1 and EBER-1 mRNA in situ hybridization for EBER-1 mRNA. The isolates were analyzed for type 1/2, variants C/D and F/f, and LMP-1 30 bp deletion. EBV was isolated in 31 of 48 (66%) non-neoplastic tonsils, 24 of 42 (57%) B cell lymphomas, in 15 of 20 (75%) T cell lymphomas, and 17 of 20 (85%) Hodgkin's lymphomas. These viruses were classified as type 1 for 81% of non-neoplastic tonsils, 95% of B cell lymphomas, 93% of T cell lymphomas, and 73% of Hodgkin's diseases. Both type 1 and 2 viruses were isolated in one non-neoplastic tonsil and 3 Hodgkin's diseases. Type C virus was predominant in non-neoplastic tonsils (77%) and B cell lymphomas (75%), while type D virus was common in T cell lymphomas (71%) and Hodgkin's diseases (73%) (P < 0.05). Majority of the viruses detected in non-neoplastic tonsils (93%) and malignant lymphomas (91%) were "F" prototype. LMP-1 30 bp deletion was found in high frequency in both non-neoplastic tonsils (92%) and malignant lymphomas (86%). In conclusion, most of EBV found in Korea was type 1, and "DF" genotype was more frequent in T cell lymphomas and Hodgkin's diseases than in non-neoplastic tonsils and B cell lymphomas. LMP-1 30 bp deletion did not seem to be associated with malignant lymphomas.
Contamination of primary embryonic bovine kidney cell cultures with parainfluenza type 2 simian virus 5 and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus (1978)

Two different viruses were isolated from bovine embryonic cell cultures after two subcultures from the primary cells. One virus was identified as parainfluenza type 2 simian virus 5 (SV-5), and the other was identified as infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Six months later, stock cultures of pig kidney (PK-15) cells were found to be contaminated with SV-5 virus. We believe that the source of the SV-5 virus in the bovine cells was a cross-contamination from monkey kidneys during preparation of the cell cultures. The infectious bovine rhinotracheitis contamination was probably of endogenous origin. The bovine embryonic cell cultures were the probable source of contamination of the PK-15 cells with SV-5 virus.
Synthesis of dimethyl‐substituted C<sub>18</sub> furanoid fatty ester (1992)

Reaction of a C 18 furanoic fatty acid with dimethyl dicarboxylate (DMAD) furnished the corresponding bicyclo Diels‐Alder adduct, which was partially hydrogenated over Pd/BaSO 4 . Heat treatment (160–180°C) of the partially hydrogenated product caused a retro‐Diels‐Alder reaction to yield a furanoid fatty acid derivative containing methoxycarbonyl (COOCH 3 ) substituents at the 3‐and 4‐positions of the furan nucleus. Reduction of the COOCH 3 substituents with LiBH 4 gave the corresponding CH 2 OH‐substituted furanoid fatty acid. Hydrogenation of the latter over Pd/C furnished the desired dimethyl‐substituted furanoid acid derivative (overall yield 60%). The spectroscopic properties of the intermediates and product are reported.
Comparison of Reagent-Impregnated Paper Strips and Conventional Methods for Identification of Enterobacteriaceae (1968)

Comparison of Reagent-Impregnated Paper Strips and Conventional Methods for Identification of Enterobacteriaceae Don K. Weaver, M.D., Don K. Weaver, M.D. Departments Of Pathology and Microbiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Elizabeth K. H. Lee, M.S., Elizabeth K. H. Lee, M.S. Departments Of Pathology and Microbiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Michael S. Leahy, M.D Michael S. Leahy, M.D Departments Of Pathology and Microbiology, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 49, Issue 4, 1 April 1968, Pages 494–499, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/49.4.494 Published: 01 April 1968 Article history Received: 09 May 1967 Published: 01 April 1968
A new method for diagonalising large matrices (1985)

The structure and implementation of a new general iterative method for diagonalising large matrices (the 'residual minimisation/direct inversion in the iterative subspace' method of Bendt and Zunger) are described and contrasted with other more commonly used iterative techniques. The method requires the direct diagonalisation of only a small submatrix, does not require the storage of the large matrix and provides eigensolutions to within a prescribed precision in a rapidly convergent iterative procedure. Numerical results for two rather different matrices (a real 50*50 non-diagonally dominant matrix and a complex Hermitian 181*181 matrix corresponding to the pseudopotential band structure of a semiconductor in a plane wave basis set) are used to compare the new method with the competing methods. the new method converges quickly and should be the most efficient for very large matrices in terms both of computation time and central storage requirements; it is quite insensitive to the properties of the matrices used. This technique makes possible efficient solution of a variety of quantum mechanical matrix problems where large basis set expansions are required.