gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pressure drop measurements in a microchannel (2000)

Abstract Recent developments in micro‐energy and micro‐chemical systems have produced a need for greater understanding of flow in small channels. Several recent studies of friction factors and transition Reynolds numbers in rectangular microchannels have produced results that differ from classical theory. In this work, friction factors and laminar flow friction constants were determined for water flowing in high aspect ratio channels with depths ranging from 128 to 521 μm. Reynolds numbers were between 60 and 3,450. Pressure drops were measured within the channel itself to exclude entrance and exit losses. Transitions to turbulence were observed with flow visualization. Uncertainties in measured variables were quantified and propagated into the estimated friction constants. Friction factors were also determined in a 1,050‐μm‐deep channel that served as a control. After considering experimental uncertainties and systematic errors, significant differences remained between the results and classical theory.
Voriconazole-Loaded Nanostructured Lipid Carriers for Ocular Drug Delivery (2016)

The formulation was nonexpensive, easy to prepare, and composed of well-tolerated and accepted excipients. Further in vivo experiments are necessary to confirm the improved performance and tolerability of the formulation.
Design and development of a new dedicated RF sensor for the MRI of rat brain (2010)

The design and development of a new dual-frequency RF probe-head are presented. This probe was initially dedicated for the MRI of both proton (1H) and hyperpolarized Xenon-129 (HP 129Xe) in the rat brain at 2.35 Tesla. It consists of a double-tuned (100 MHz- 27.7 MHz) volume coil, which could be used for both transmitting and receiving, and of a receive-only single-tuned (27.7 MHz) coil. The double-tuned coil consists of two concentric birdcage resonators. The inner one is a low-pass design and it is tuned to 27.7 MHz, while the outer one, tuned to 100 MHz, is high-pass. The receive-only coil is a surface coil which is decoupled from the double-tuned volume coil by an active decoupling circuitry based on the use of PIN diodes. A home-built Transmit/Receive (T/R) driver ensures biasing of the PIN diodes in both volume and surface coils. The original concepts of the design are addressed, and practical details of realization are presented. One of the underlying ideas behind this work is to proceed well beyond the application to the MRI of HP 129Xe. Actually, this design could be easily adapted for a large palette of other MRI applications. Indeed, we tried to make the design versatile, simple and easy to replicate by other research groups, with a low-cost, minimum development time and accepted performances. The prototype was validated at 100 MHz and at 26.4 MHz (sodium-23 resonance frequency at 2.35 T). MRI experiments were performed using phantoms. In vivo 1H images and 23Na spectra of the rat brain are also presented.
Hemodynamic Patterns and Spectral Analysis of Heart Rate Variability during Dialysis Hypotension (1999)

Intradialytic hypotension, a major source of morbidity during hemodialysis and ultrafiltration, is often accompanied by paradoxical bradycardia. Relatively little is known about the sequential changes in autonomic nervous system activity up to and during the hypotensive episode. Continuous, beat-to-beat measurements of BP and heart rate were made during hemodialysis in patients prone (n = 8) and not prone (n = 11) to develop intradialytic hypotension. Off-line spectral analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) was performed to assess changes in autonomic nervous system activity during dialysis sessions both with and without hypotension. The low frequency (LF) component of HRV is thought to correlate with sympathetic nervous system activity, the high frequency (HF) component with that of the parasympathetic nervous system. In the sessions not complicated by symptomatic hypotension (n = 26), mean arterial BP (MAP) hardly fell, whereas heart rate increased from 77 +/- 2 to 89 +/- 5 bpm (P < 0.05). The LF component of HRV increased from 45.2 +/- 5.0 normalized units (nu) to 59.9 +/- 4.9 nu (P < 0.05), whereas the HF component fell from 54.8 +/- 5.0 to 40.2 +/- 4.4 nu (P < 0.05). These changes agree with compensatory baroreflex-mediated activation of the sympathetic nervous system (and suppressed parasympathetic activity) during ultrafiltration-induced intravascular volume depletion. In the sessions complicated by severe symptomatic hypotension (n = 22), the changes in heart rate and the results of spectral analysis of HRV were similar to those reported above up to the moment of sudden symptomatic (nausea, vomiting, dizziness, cramps) hypotension, whereas MAP had already fallen gradually from 94 +/- 3 to 85 +/- 3 mmHg (P < 0.05). The sudden further reduction in MAP (to 55 +/- 2 mmHg, P < 0.02) was invariably accompanied by bradycardia (heart rate directly before hypotension 90 +/- 2 bpm, during hypotension 69 +/- 3 bpm, P < 0.002). The LF component of HRV fell from 62.8 +/- 4.6 nu directly before to 40.0 +/- 3.7 nu (P < 0.05) during hypotension, whereas the HF component increased from 37.9 +/- 4.7 to 60.3 +/- 3.7 nu (P < 0.05). These findings agree with activation of the cardiodepressor reflex, involving decreased sympathetic and increased parasympathetic nervous system activity, respectively. These findings indicate that activation of the sympatho-inhibitory cardiodepressor reflex (Bezold-Jarisch reflex), which is a physiologic response to a critical reduction in intravascular volume and cardiac filling, is the cause of sudden intradialytic hypotension.
Studies on melt spinning. VIII. Transfer function approach (1982)

Abstract Transfer function analyses were carried out on a linearized perturbation model of melt spinning previously developed. Results are as follows. (1) Formal proof was obtained of the criterion of spinline stability stated in terms of transfer function. (2) A new concise statement of the stability criterion was obtained: the spinline is stable when the transfer function G 2 ( s ) connecting the spinline tension to the spinline velocity does not have a zero in the right‐hand half of the complex s plane. (3) Effects of various external disturbances on filament unevenness were predicted theoretically by expressing the transfer function between each disturbance input and cross‐sectional area at take‐up in the form of frequency response Bode diagrams.
Rondo: A Tool Suite for Continuous Deployment in Dynamic Environments (2015)

Driven by the emergence of new computing environments, dynamically evolving software systems makes it impossible for developers to deploy software with human-centric processes. Instead, there is an increasing need for automation tools that continuously deploy software into execution, in order to push updates or adapt existing software regarding contextual and business changes. Existing solutions fall short on providing fault-tolerant, reproducible deployments that can scale on heterogeneous environments. In this paper we present Rondo, a tool suite that enables continuous deployment for dynamic, service-oriented applications. At the center of these tools, we propose a deterministic and idem potent deployment process. We provide with Rondo a deployment manager that implements this process and capable of conducting deployments and continuously adapting applications according to the changes in the current target platform. The tool suite also includes a domain-specific language for describing deployment requests. We validate our approach in multiple projects, for provisioning the platform as well as for installing applications and continuous reconfigurations.
Clinical pharmacokinetics of unbound docetaxel: role of polysorbate 80 and serum proteins (2003)

This study demonstrates that the plasma binding of docetaxel is influenced by both alpha(1)-acid glycoprotein and its formulation vehicle. Further investigation is required to resolve the potential clinical significance of these observations.
A heat-inducible<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>bacteriophage Î¦105 expression system for the production of the protective antigen of<i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (1998)

The protective antigen of Bacillus anthracis is the major protective immunogen in the current human vaccine. A heat-inducible protective antigen expression system was constructed based on a derivative of Bacillus subtilis phage phi 105. The recombinant protein produced by this system protected immunised animals against challenge with spores of B. anthracis. Gene instability and protease activity of the host strain contributed to the low level of recoverable protein in culture supernatant (approximately 2 mg l-1).
AMPK Suppresses Vascular Inflammation In Vivo by Inhibiting Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1 (2015)

Activation of AMPK suppresses inflammation, but the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study was designed to characterize the molecular mechanisms by which AMPK suppresses vascular inflammation. In cultured human aortic smooth muscle cells, pharmacologic or genetic activation of AMPK inhibited the signal transducer and activator of transcription-1 (STAT1), while inhibition of AMPK had opposite effects. Deletion of AMPKα1 or AMPKα2 resulted in activation of STAT1 and in increases in proinflammatory mediators, both of which were attenuated by administration of STAT1 small interfering RNA or fludarabine, a selective STAT1 inhibitor. Moreover, AMPK activation attenuated the proinflammatory actions induced by STAT1 activators such as interferon-γ and angiotensin II (AngII). Mechanistically, we found that AMPK activation increased, whereas AMPK inhibition decreased, the levels of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1), an inducible nuclear phosphatase, by regulating proteasome-dependent degradation of MKP-1. Gene silencing of MKP-1 increased STAT1 phosphorylation and prevented 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxyamide ribonucleoside-reduced STAT1 phosphorylation. Finally, we found that infusion of AngII caused a more severe inflammatory response in AMPKα2 knockout mouse aortas, all of which were suppressed by chronic administration of fludarabine. We conclude that AMPK activation suppresses STAT1 signaling and inhibits vascular inflammation through the upregulation of MKP-1.
Tissue-specific modification of <i>gld-2</i> mRNA in <i>C. elegans</i> : Likely C-to-U editing (2004)

Seventeen years after the discovery of tissue-specific apoB mRNA editing, only three nucleus-encoded mRNAs have been shown to undergo C-to-U editing. All three mRNAs occur in mammals. apoB mRNA editing is tissue-specific and occurs normally, whereas NF1 and NAT1 mRNA editing is found largely in tumors. Here we report the first example of C-to-U RNA editing in Caenorhabditis elegans. The gld-2 gene encodes an atypical poly(A) polymerase that governs the mitosis/meiosis decision in the germ line as well as progression through meiosis and early embryogenesis. At least two of its alternatively spliced transcripts are germline-specific. We find that most and perhaps all germline-specific transcripts generated by the gld-2 gene undergo C-to-U editing, but that somatic transcripts show no detectable editing. The gld-2 C-to-U editing event changes the codon from CCG to CUG, which is predicted to cause a proline to leucine substitution in the protein sequence. Our findings suggest the presence of a sequence- and tissue-specific cytidine deaminase acting on RNA, or CDAR. This CDAR modifies a specific base in gld-2 mRNA, and acts only in the germline.
Determination of the Structural Requirements for Palmitoylation of p63 (1995)

Palmitoylation of p63, a type II membrane protein localized in the endoplasmic reticulum, is induced in a reversible manner by the drug brefeldin A. To study the requirements for palmitoylation, mutant forms of p63 were expressed in COS cells and analyzed by metabolic labeling with [3H]palmitate, immunoprecipitation, and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. By investigating deletion and point mutations, Cys100 in the 106-amino acid cytoplasmic tail of p63 has been identified as the site of acylation. Site-directed mutagenesis of residues 99-105 together with cytoplasmic tail truncation mutants showed that the amino acids surrounding Cys100 are not critical for palmitoylation of this residue. Analysis of a chimeric construct between p63 and the plasma membrane protein dipeptidylpeptidase IV further revealed that p63 palmitoylation is not dependent on its transmembrane domain. In contrast, the six-amino acid distance between the end of the predicted transmembrane domain and the palmitoylation site was found to be essential for proper acylation of p63.
Applying Static WCET Analysis to Automotive Communication Software (2006)

The number of embedded computers used in modern cars have increased dramatically during the last years, as they provide increased functionality to a reduced cost compared to previous technologies. These computers are often connected by one or more communication networks and the data traffic sent over the networks often has hard real-time requirements. To provide overall system timing guarantees, upper timing bounds need to be derived both for the data traffic and the embedded computer programs that controls the communication. In this article, we present a case study where static worst-case execution time (WCET) analysis was used to find upper time bounds for time-critical code in products from Volcano Communications Technologies AB (VCT). The VCT company provides tools for development of real-time communication solutions for embedded network systems, mainly used within the car industry. VCT's tool suite includes support for Controller Area Network (CAN), Local Interconnect Network (LIN), FlexRay and MOST network traffic. The primary purpose of the study was not to test the accuracy of the obtained WCET estimates, but rather to investigate the practical difficulties that arise when applying current WCET analysis methods to these particular kind of systems. A central question was if today is static WCET analysis tools can be used in the automotive software development process. In particular, we were interested in how labor-intensive the analysis becomes, measured by the number of manual annotations necessary to perform the analysis. As a result, we provide some qualitative observations on desirable research results for making static WCET analysis applicable in typical automotive software development.
Bottom-hole Pressures in Oil Wells (1931)

There is nothing more important in petroleum engineering than a definiteknowledge of the pressure at the bottom of an oil well at any existingoperating condition, and the relation of this pressure to the pressure withinthe producing formation. A knowledge of bottom-hole pressures is fundamental indetermining the most efficient methods of recovery and the most efficientlifting procedure, yet there is less information about these pressures thanabout any other part of the general problem of producing oil. Determination Of Bottom-Hole Pressures Bottom-hole pressure may be calculated or determined by several methods. On aninactive well it may be calculated from the fluid head or, if the well is shutin, by adding the casinghead pressure, the static head of the gas and the fluidhead. In wells flowing naturally through tubing the pressure at the bottom ofthe tubing may be calculated by adding the pressure at the casinghead betweenthe tubing and the casing and the pressure due to the weight of the column ofgas, but there is always possibility of error caused by fluid being in theannular space above the bottom of the tubing. If a well with tubing is flowingthrough either the annular space or the tubing, sufficient gas may be injectedthrough the static space to insure that it is free of fluid but not sufficientto establish an appreciable friction loss. The pressure at the bottom of thetubing can then be calculated by adding to the pressure at the tubing head thepressure due to the weight of the column of gas. This is probably the mostaccurate method of calculating bottom-hole pressures. In wells flowing bygas-lift, the pressure at the point the gas enters the flow may be calculatedby a gas-flow formula. Several types of pressure bombs have been used to measure the pressure at thebottom of wells. One is a piece of steel tubing with a check valve in thebottom and a connection for a pressure gage at the top.
Electropathological Substrate of Long-Standing Persistent Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Structural Heart Disease (2010)

Electric dissociation of neighboring atrial muscle bundles is a key element in the development of the substrate of human AF. The degree of the pathological changes can be measured on an individual basis by electrophysiological parameters in the spatial domain.
Beampattern Synthesis via a Matrix Approach for Signal Power Estimation (2007)

We present new beampattern synthesis approaches based on semidefinite relaxation (SDR) for signal power estimation. The conventional approaches use weight vectors at the array output for beampattern synthesis, which we refer to as the vector approaches (VA). Instead of this, we use weight matrices at the array output, which leads to matrix approaches (MA). We consider several versions of MA, including a (data) adaptive MA (AMA), as well as several data-independent MA designs. For all of these MA designs, globally optimal solutions can be determined efficiently due to the convex optimization formulations obtained by SDR. Numerical examples as well as theoretical evidence are presented to show that the optimal weight matrix obtained via SDR has few dominant eigenvalues, and often only one. When the number of dominant eigenvalues of the optimal weight matrix is equal to one, MA reduces to VA, and the main advantage offered by SDR in this case is to determine the globally optimal solution efficiently. Moreover, we show that the AMA allows for strict control of main-beam shape and peak sidelobe level while retaining the capability of adaptively nulling strong interferences and jammers. Numerical examples are also used to demonstrate that better beampattern designs can be achieved via the data-independent MA than via its VA counterpart.
The Operation and Kinematic Analysis of a Novel CAM-Based Infinitely Variable Transmission (2006)

In this paper, the operation and analysis of a novel, highly configurable, infinitely variable transmission of the ratcheting drive type is presented. This particular drive uses a cam and a number of cam followers rotatably mounted to a carrier plate to generate an oscillatory motion in an equal number of planet gears. A number of indexing clutches are then used to rectify this motion into a rotational output. A full description of the mechanism, including its components, operation, and kinematic equations are presented. There are a number of inversions of this device, and their characteristics and limitations are discussed. In addition, a method is presented to select the most suitable inversion, gearing, and follower velocity for a given application.
Sterically Demanding Diphosphonite Ligands –Synthesis and Application in Nickel‐Catalyzed Isomerization of 2‐Methyl‐3‐Butenenitrile (2004)

Abstract The synthesis of a novel class of sterically demanding diphosphonites 1 – 8 , based on rigid backbones, is described. The starting materials are all commercially available and the methodology allows for a modular approach. All ligands have been fully characterized, including an X‐ray crystal structure for compound 1 , 4,5‐bis{di[(2‐ tert ‐butyl)phenyl]phosphonito}‐9,9‐dimethylxanthene. The coordination of these diphosphonite ligands towards Ni(II) and Ni(0) precursors is investigated, both by NMR spectroscopy as well as X‐ray crystallography and compared with the behaviour of diphosphine ligands such as Xantphos. The molecular structure for complex 9 , trans ‐[NiBr 2 ( 1 )] is described in detail. The nickel‐catalyzed isomerization of 2‐methyl‐3‐butenenitrile to 3‐pentenenitrile is studied, a relevant step in the industrially important hydrocyanation of butadiene (the DuPont adiponitrile process). Good activities and selectivities to the desired 3‐pentenenitrile are obtained in this reversible CC bond activation reaction.
Microscopic Raman Line-Imaging with Principal Component Analysis (1995)

Reconstructed Raman images of the distribution of polystyrene and polyethylene were obtained by line-imaging, with the use of univariate and multivariate processing of the spectral data. Multiple sets of microscopic Raman spectral line-images were acquired with line-focused illumination, a motorized translation stage to move the sample perpendicular to the illumination line, and a holographic imaging spectrograph equipped with a 2D detector. The line-imaged raw spectral data were processed with the use of both a simple univariate method (single-band integration) and a more sophisticated multivariate method (principal component analysis with eigenvector rotation) to generate two-dimensional Raman images representing spatial distribution of the polymers. In the spectral range employed (900–1700 cm −1 ), suitable bands could be found for univariate processing of the polystyrene and polyethylene images. The principal component analysis method gave equivalent separation of the images, but only if the entire spectral window was employed to generate the eigenvectors.
Design and implementation of fall detection and voice response detection in a smart phone (2014)

In this paper we use a smart phone accelerometer combined with both a voice response detection function and a GPS function not only to design but also to implement a monitoring system which will detect falls. In addition to a previous design this new design requires that the smart phone be placed in a pocket and provides the function of voice response detection to determine whether the user needs help. By using a GPS this design estimates both the user walking distance and path as depicted on the GPS map. When a fall occurs the GPS data sends both emergency messages and the actual location of the user to the recipient.
A high performance scanning force microscope head design (1993)

A stable and highly sensitive scanning force microscope head design is presented. The head provides an implementation of the optical lever detection method in which mechanical vibration noise has been minimized.
Analysis of the hematocrit distribution in the mesenteric microcirculation. (1982)

The hematocrit in the microcirculation of the rat's mesentery was determined either by using measurements of optical density (in 56 arterioles and 52 venules) or by counting the number of red cells per unit vessel length (in 63 capillaries) from photographs. The systemic hematocrit (Hsys) averaged 0.42 +/- 0.025. The mean microvessel hematocrit (Hmicro) decreased and its standard deviation increased with decreasing vessel diameter; in capillaries, Hmicro/Hsys ranged between almost zero and 0.86 with an average of 0.36 +/- 0.23. In order to correct Hmicro for the Fahraeus effect, additional experiments were carried out in vitro, in which the tube hematocrit was obtained by centrifugation of glass tubes (I.D. 13-95 micron) perfused with rat's blood of different feed hematocrit. Even after correction for the Fahraeus effect the in vivo data seem to suggest a 'loss of red cells' in the microcirculation. To reconcile the observed hematocrit distribution with the law of mass conservation, model calculations were performed, in which the presence of shunt vessels was assumed on the one hand, and a proportionality between single vessel hematocrit and flow rate on the other. The experimental data are best described by a model which combines the flow dependence of hematocrit and a small shunt component. The positive correlation between single vessel flow rate and Hmicro which is contained in this model also explains an increase of average capillary hematocrit resulting from a more homogeneous flow distribution associated with vasodilatation.