gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discovering Communities in Social Networks Using Topology and Attributes (2011)

Many online social networks such as Facebook, LinkedIn and MySpace have become increasingly important. These social networks are rich in information about entities like hobbies, demographic information, friendship, and other attributes. This information can be used extensively for network analysis. One of the most important problems in social network analysis is community detection. The community detection problem is closely related to graph clustering. Most of the existing graph clustering algorithms employ only the structure of a graph to find highly connected components. These algorithms ignore nodes' attributes that can help in improving the quality of the clustering. In this paper, we propose a clustering algorithm which clusters a graph by incorporating both the topological structure of the graph as well as attribute information. The aim is to find clusters such that the nodes in each cluster are similar in the attribute space. In terms of social networks, we are looking to find communities where the members of the same community have similar profiles. The method was evaluated using real and synthetic graph datasets. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
US Experience with Itraconazole in <i>Aspergillus</i>, <i>Cryptococcus</i> and <i>Histoplasma</i> Infections in the Immunocompromised Host (1992)

Itraconazole has emerged as an important new oral agent in the treatment of systemic fungal infections. This paper summarizes the data available on its use in aspergillosis, cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis, compiled in the United States with particular attention to the immunocompromised host. Data have been accrued in open-label studies including 57 patients with cryptococcal disease where the overall response rate among patients with meningitis was 86%, and in 28 patients (8 with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection) with invasive aspergillosis where the overall response rates were 80% in patients without AIDS and 86% in patients with AIDS. Data are summarized on 6 patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis, 5 of whom demonstrated marked improvement on therapy, and 12 patients with histoplasmosis including 8 with AIDS, 11 of whom responded and 1 recrudesced on therapy. In summary, itraconazole showed activity in human studies of aspergillosis, cryptococcosis and histoplasmosis with minimal toxicity. Itraconazole offers a new oral alternative to conventional amphotericin B therapy in these infections. Comparative studies are needed to clarify its role.
Performance Design and Simulation Analysis of Vertical Double Gate MOSFET (VDGM) (2011)

Design consideration of vertical MOSFET with double gate structure on each side of insulating pillar for nanodevice applications is presented. The body doping effect on vertical channel for channel length, L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> = 50nm and analyzing its effect towards such small devices was successfully performed. The analysis continued with the comparative investigation of device performance with conventional planar MOSFET as scaling L <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> down to 50nm. The final part evaluates the innovative design of incorporating dielectric pocket (DP) on top of vertical MOSFET turret with comprehensive device performance analysis as compared to standard vertical MOSFET in nano scale realm. An optimized body doping for enhanced performance of vertical MOSFET was revealed. The vicinity of DP near the drain end is found to reduce the charge sharing effects between source and drain that gives better gate control of the depletion region for short channel effect (SCE) suppression in nanodevice structure.
Megacycle Stepping Counter (1948)

This paper describes the development and construction of a modified ring- or stepping-type counter capable of operating at a megacycle rate. Two special features are described: the input-pulse commutator, and the method of interstage coupling. Application to electronic digital computing work is discussed briefly.
Laser assisted micron scale particle removal (1990)

Advances in semiconductor manufacturing technology have led to ultralarge scale integrated circuits that have submicron pattern dimensions, but yield remains a problem. Removal of particles ~10 times smaller than the pattern size is the major limiting factor in the manufacture of such high density devices. As the particle size decreases, the particle weight becomes less significant compared with other adhesive forces, and as a result submicron particles are the most difficult to remove by conventional means. Contaminant particulates adversely affect other systems such as high power optics where particles on surfaces and interfaces can increase optical absorption and decrease laser damage threshold.
Isotransport Camera for 100,000 Frames per Second (1953)

A detailed description is given of the theory, construction and application of a new type of Isotransport camera using the rotating drum principle and designed to provide a potential repetition rate up to 100,000 frames/sec. It is expected that this camera will be of particular interest to organizations whose need for equipment in the higher speed range does not justify the investment required to provide a permanent installatin.
[The clinical significance of compliance]. (1981)

The authors deal with a particular type of working alliance, called "compliance", which may be defined as mutual agreement between patient and physician with respect to prevention and therapy. This type of compliance may be influenced by the kind of disease (e.g. low compliance in psychiatric illness), by the mode of referral (verbal or written), by the kind of hospital care (an individual appointment with one particular physician in an outpatient department makes for better compliance) and by medication (intravenous or oral administration and color and size of pills). The number of medicines prescribed is of particular importance for compliance, i.e. the greater the number of drugs prescribed per day, the more the patient tends to be unreliable in taking them. Furthermore, the time spent in the waiting room, the amount of information given to the patient and the clarity of the instructions given by the physician play an important role. Situational factors and interaction in the physician-patient relationship seem to be more relevant than specific personality traits.
The Solubility of n-Dotriacontane (Dicetyl). (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Solubility of n-Dotriacontane (Dicetyl).J. H. Hildebrand and A. WachterCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1949, 53, 6, 886–890Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1949https://doi.org/10.1021/j150471a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (307 KB) Get e-Alerts
Efficient Object Recognition Using Boundary Representation and Wavelet Neural Network (2008)

Wavelet neural networks combine the functions of time-frequency localization from the wavelet transform and of self-studying from the neural network, which make them particularly suitable for the classification of complex patterns. In this paper, an efficient object recognition method using boundary representation and the wavelet neural network is proposed. The method employs a wavelet neural network (WNN) to characterize the singularities of the object curvature representation and to perform the object classification at the same time and in an automatic way. The local time-frequency attributes of the singularities on the object boundary are detected by making a preliminary wavelet analysis of the curvature representation. Then, the discriminative scale-translation features of the singularities are stored as the initial scale-translation parameters of the wavelet nodes in the WNN. These parameters are trained to their optimum status during the learning stage. With our approach, as opposed to matching features by convolving the signal with wavelet functions at a large number of scales, the computational burden is significantly reduced. Only a few convolutions are performed at the optimum scale-translation grids during the classification, which makes it suitable for real-time recognition tasks. Compared with the artificial-neural-network-based approaches preceded by wavelet filter banks with fixed scale-translation parameters, the support vector machine (SVM) using traditional Fourier descriptors and K-nearest-neighbor ( K-NN) classifier based on the state-of-the-art shape descriptors, our scheme demonstrates superior and stable discrimination performance under various noisy and affine conditions.
Money and Power: The Disappearance of Autonomous Silver Issues in the Roman Province of Asia (2014)

The standardization process of Asian civic silver coinage that took place during the Augustan Age finds its origins in the attitude that the Roman administration adopted towards civic issues right from the institution of the Provincia Asia in the 120s BC. Through our study of Asian autonomous silver issues, we will demonstrate that Romans were much more involved in the silver coinages of the Asian cities than any previous power dominating the area, as is suggested by the Roman names present on these issues and the evident decrease in the number of cities issuing them after the Roman province of Asia was instituted. Another element hinting at Roman intervention is the fact that the circulation of autonomous silver issues was limited to Caria and Rhodes, regions which were bestowed freedom and special privileges after the First Mithridatic War and maintained these privileges even afterwards. Asian autonomous issues only became fully integrated into the local monetary system during Augustan times through their linkage to the denarius and the cistophorus standards, but this process had already started during the course of the 2nd century BC. After a brief introduction of Augustan policy towards Asian non-autonomous silver coinage, this paper will provide a survey of the changes in the production and circulation of Asian autonomous silver issues under Roman dominion up to the Augustan Age, and will show how these changes were deeply intertwined with a gradual increase in Roman political control over the province of Asia from the beginning of the Roman period.
Discovery of Uracil Derivatives as Potent Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (2016)

Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase (FAAH) is an intracellular serine enzyme involved in the biological degradation of the fatty acid ethanolamide family of signaling lipids, which exerts neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. In the present study, a conjugated 2,4-dioxo-pyrimidine-1-carboxamide scaffold was confirmed as a novel template for FAAH inhibitors, based on which, a series of analogues had been prepared for an initial structure-activity relationship (SAR) study. Most of the synthesized compounds displayed moderate to significant FAAH inhibitory potency. Among them, compounds 11 and 14 showed better activity than others, with IC50 values of 21 and 53 nM. SAR analysis indicated that 2,4-dioxopyrimidine-1-carboxamides represented a novel class of potent inhibitors of FAAH, and substitution at the uracil ring or replacement of the N-terminal group might favor the inhibitory potency. Selected compounds of this class may be used as useful parent molecules for further investigation.
Analysis of reticulin fiber pattern in lymph nodes with metastasis from oral squamous cell carcinoma (2015)

<b>Introduction:</b> The aim of the study was to determine the susceptibility of lymph nodes to metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) by analyzing the alterations in reticulin fiber pattern. <br><b>Materials and Methods:</b> This retrospective study on 30 cases of OSCC had 15 cases that presented with lymph node metastasis (test group) and 15 cases without metastatic episodes (control group). Four micron thick sections of the tumor proper and the resected lymph nodes of the cases were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and Gordon and Sweet's stain for reticulin. Statistical analysis of the variations in the staining patterns of reticulin at the invasive tumor front (ITF), involved and uninvolved lymph nodes were done with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) 15 version using chi-square test. <b>Results:</b> The assessment of reticulin fiber patterns at the ITF, cortical and medullary areas of lymph nodes in test cases showed thin, long individual fibers, as compared to thick, shorter interlacing fibers that were seen in control cases. The peritumoral and uninvolved areas in metastatic lymph nodes of almost all test cases showed very scant fibers. <b>Conclusion:</b> Reticulin pattern alteration by aggressive tumors may be appreciated as a part of the wide spectrum of proneoplastic stromal alterations. The histopathologist can discern these changes and thereby aid the clinician in predicting tumor behavior, the clinical course of the disease, and weighing the prognostic implications.
Tissue plasminogen activator and hemorrhagic brain injury (2002)

A rational approach to cerebral ischemia involves reperfusion of occluded arteries. Recent clinical trials have shown that thrombolytic therapy with tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) may be effective for acute ischemic stroke. However, there is also an elevated risk of cerebral hemorrhage and further brain injury. In all three of the major clinical trials (National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, European Cooperative Acute Stroke Study I and II), the odds ratio for intracerebral hemorrhage after tPA therapy was increased by about three-fold compared with placebo. The precise mechanisms that underlie these negative effects of tPA remain unclear, but are clearly related to severity of the ischemic insult as well as to the timing of tPA-induced reperfusion. In this chapter, the literature on the neurotoxic effects of tPA will be briefly discussed, and data from our own laboratory will be provided with which we examine some of these mechanisms.
Increased Cortisol Levels and Impaired Cognition in Human Aging: Implication for Depression and Dementia in Later Life (1999)

Perhaps the most prominent feature of human aging is the variability in decline of intellectual processes. Although many research avenues have been used to study the origin of such an increased variability with aging, new studies show that some biological factors may be associated with normal and pathological cognitive aging. One biological parameter that came under scrutiny in the past few years is the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, an endocrine closed-loop system controlling the secretion of stress hormones (glucocorticoids). In this review, we summarize data obtained in both animals and humans suggesting that cumulative exposure to high levels of glucocorticoids can be particularly detrimental for the aged hippocampus, a brain structure involved in learning and memory in both animals and humans. We then analyze the implication of these data for the study of dementia and depression in later life, two disorders characterized by increased glucocorticoid secretion in a significant proportion of patients. Finally, we suggest various factors that could explain the development of glucocorticoid hypersecretion in later life.
Angiogenic macrophages produce the angiogenic inhibitor thrombospondin 1. (1993)

Previous investigations have shown that macrophages play a pivotal role in the induction of angiogenesis in both physiological and pathological settings. This investigation examines the relative production of the angiogenic modulator thrombospondin-1 (TSP1) by activated and nonactivated monocytes and macrophages. TSP1, a multifunctional extracellular matrix molecule, has been reported recently to inhibit angiogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. To examine the relationship between the level of TSP1 production by macrophages and expression of the angiogenic phenotype, murine monocytelike cells (WEHI-3) and human peripheral blood monocytes were each activated in vitro and examined for TSP1 production and angiogenic activity in rat corneal bioassay. Nonangiogenic monocytes produced low levels of TSP1 messenger RNA. Surprisingly, activated, potently angiogenic monocytes and macrophages exhibited as much as a sixfold increase in steady state TSP1 messenger RNA over unstimulated levels. Biosynthetic labeling studies demonstrated that TSP1 protein secretion increased in conjunction with increased TSP1 messenger RNA levels in angiogenic macrophages. The results demonstrate that activated monocytes and macrophages actively produce the angiogenic modulator TSP1 and suggest that TSP1 production may be a component of the angiogenic phenotype. In addition, the data suggest that the ability of macrophages to mediate angiogenesis results from a complex interplay of positive and negative regulators.
Computer study of the percolation threshold in a two-dimensional anisotropic system of conducting sticks (1983)

We report here a Monte Carlo study of the percolation threshold in two-dimensional systems of conducting sticks. This is an extension of the work of Pike and Seager, who have considered only the isotropic sample of randomly-oriented---, equal-length---sticks system. Our study is concerned with the dependence of the percolation threshold on the macroscopic anisotropy of systems in which there is a preferred orientation of the sticks ensemble, as well as on the distribution of the sticks' lengths. In particular, we studied systems in which the orientation is determined by random alignments within a given interval or in which the alignments are normally distributed around a given direction. Similarly, for the sticks' lengths we have studied systems of equal lengths, of normally distributed lengths, and of log-normally distributed lengths. The results have shown that the percolation threshold always increases with the macroscopic anisotropy. Extrapolation of the results, from those of the finite sticks ensembles used to the infinite ensemble case, has indicated that in the infinite ensemble the percolation threshold is isotropic. It is found that the broader the stick-length distribution, the lower the mean of the distribution needed for the onset of percolation. Application of the present results for the evaluation of the conductivity indicates that the anisotropy dependence of the conductivity in systems of conducting fibers is determined by both the anisotropy dependence of the percolation threshold and the anisotropy dependence of the critical exponent. If (as found experimentally) a practically infinite two-dimensional system has a conductivity anisotropy, it must be attributed to the anisotropy in the latter parameter.
Accurate calculations of double-aperture electrostatic immersion lenses (1969)

A new and simple modification of the method of expansion in terms of Bessel functions has been developed for the accurate calculation of the potential distributions of cylindrically symmetric electrostatic lenses. The method has been used to give the potential distributions of some double-aperture immersion lenses, and the positions of the cardinal points and the spherical aberration coefficients of these lenses have been calculated by numerical integration of the ray equations. The calculated values are accurate to better than 1%, and differ significantly from previous experimental values.
Digital HDTV signal transmission on optical fibre (1988)

Referring to the optical fibre support and knowing the incomparable possibilities offered by transmission on such a support, Thomson-CSF have implemented some transmission and reception terminal equipment: an analog HDTV RGB signal transmission system on multimode or monomode optical fibre, the transmission channel bandwidth is 120 MHz (-3dB); and a serial digital HDTV signal transmission system on monomode optical fibre. The second system is presented. The digital HDTV signal is delivered on a parallel interface (8 bits) at 144 Mbyte/s rate. The parallel digital signal is issued from either a 1250/50/2 HDTV colour source or a diagonally prefiltered 1250/50/1 colour source. >
Microbial Urease in Health and Disease (2014)

Since the discovery of Helicobacter pylori, the urease activity of this bacterial pathogen has been identified as the key factor in infection and acid acclimation in the human stomach. Ureolytic activity plays a key role in the pathogenesis of several bacteria, and urease has also been described as an emerging pathogenic factor during fungal infection. However, urease produced by the oral bacteria community has been shown to counteract caries, and caries-free subjects have high levels of urease activity in plaque samples. Some lactic acid bacteria with documented probiotic behavior are urease-positive. Likewise, other lactic acid bacterial species that are widely used in yogurt production and other fermented dairy products use urease activity to counteract acid stress and to feed several biosynthetic pathways with carbon dioxide and ammonia derived from urea hydrolysis. Urease is also diffused in several species belonging to the human gut microbiota, and it is estimated that this complex microbial community is able to hydrolyze 15%-30% of the urea synthesized in normal subjects. In this context, urease was proposed to serve as a microbial biomarker to distinguish microbiomes based on age and geography, thus highlighting the crucial involvement of this enzymatic activity in nitrogen recycling when dietary nitrogen is limiting. In light of these considerations, the designation of urease as a microbial virulence factor would be misleading, and the proposed use of urease as a therapeutic target to counteract microbial infections should be carefully evaluated.
Optical Fiber Sensor Technologies: Opportunities and—Perhaps—Pitfalls (2004)

Fiber optic sensor technology has wide-ranging potential in sensing and measurement and the aim of this paper is to explore the factors that determine this potential. The basic principles of fiber sensing are well established and share much with fiber communications. However, the implementation technologies can be radically different and the market characteristics contrast totally with the communications sector. We explore these issues in the context of applications in structural monitoring, electromagnetic measurements, and environmental sensing. We also present very brief accounts of underlying principles and a short discussion concerning evolving technologies for fiber sensing.