gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role-based authorization constraints specification (2000)

Constraints are an important aspect of role-based access control (RBAC) and are often regarded as one of the principal motivations behind RBAC. Although the importance of contraints in RBAC has been recogni zed for a long time, they have not recieved much attention. In this article, we introduce an intuitive formal language for specifying role-based authorization constraints named RCL 2000 including its basic elements, syntax, and semantics. We give soundness and completeness proofs for RCL 2000 relative to a restricted form of first-order predicate logic. Also, we show how previously identified role-based authorization constraints such as separtation of duty (SOD) can be expressed in our language. Moreover, we show there are other significant SOD properties that have not been previously identified in the literature. Our work shows that there are many alternate formulations of even the simplest SOD properties, with varying degree of flexibility and assurance. Our language provides us a rigorous foundation for systematic study of role-based authorization constraints.
Life at Pisa II (1985)

Upon seeing Lord Byron, I hardly knew him, he was grown so fat; and he was longer in recognising me, I had grown so thin. He was dressed in a loose nankeen jacket and white trousers, his neckcloth open, and his hair in thin ringlets about his throat; altogether presenting a very different aspect from the compact, energetic, and curly-headed person, whom I had known in England.
Spectroscopic studies of the reaction between bovine serum amine oxidase (copper-containing) and some hydrazides and hydrazines (1988)

The carbonyl cofactor of bovine serum amine oxidase, recently identified as pyrroloquinoline quinone [Ameyama, Hayashi, Matsushita, Shinagawa & Adachi (1984) Agric. Biol. Chem. 48, 561-565; Lobenstein-Verbeek, Jongejan, Frank & Duine (1984) FEBS Lett. 170, 305-309], reacts stoichiometrically and irreversibly with hydrazides of phenylacetic acid and of benzoic acid. With the phenylacetic hydrazides a reversible intermediate step was detected by competition with substrate, carbonylic reagents or phenylhydrazine, a typical inhibitor of the enzyme. All hydrazides form an intense broad band with maximum absorbance in a narrow wavelength range (350-360 nm), irrespective of the acyl group, suggesting that the transition is located on the organic cofactor. A different situation is found with some phenylhydrazines, where extended conjugation can occur between the cofactor and the phenyl pi-electron system via the azo group, as shown by the lower energy and higher intensity of the transition. In this case the transition is sensitive to substituents in the phenyl ring. The c.d. spectrum of the adducts is influenced by the type of hydrazide (derived from phenylacetic acid or benzoic acid), by pH and by NN-diethyldithiocarbamate binding to copper, probably as a result of shifts of equilibria between hydrazone-azo tautomers.
Human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 transgenic mice infected with SARS-CoV-2 develop severe and fatal respiratory disease (2020)

ABSTRACT The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has created an international health crisis. Small animal models mirroring SARS-CoV-2 human disease are essential for medical countermeasure (MCM) development. Mice are refractory to SARS-CoV-2 infection due to low affinity binding to the murine angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) protein. Here we evaluated the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 in male and female mice expressing the human ACE2 gene under the control of the keratin 18 promotor. In contrast to non-transgenic mice, intranasal exposure of K18-hACE2 animals to two different doses of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in acute disease including weight loss, lung injury, brain infection and lethality. Vasculitis was the most prominent finding in the lungs of infected mice. Transcriptomic analysis from lungs of infected animals revealed increases in transcripts involved in lung injury and inflammatory cytokines. In the lower dose challenge groups, there was a survival advantage in the female mice with 60% surviving infection whereas all male mice succumbed to disease. Male mice that succumbed to disease had higher levels of inflammatory transcripts compared to female mice. This is the first highly lethal murine infection model for SARS-CoV-2. The K18-hACE2 murine model will be valuable for the study of SARS-CoV-2 pathogenesis and the assessment of MCMs.
Comparative interactomics analysis of different ALS-associated proteins identifies converging molecular pathways (2016)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating neurological disease with no effective treatment available. An increasing number of genetic causes of ALS are being identified, but how these genetic defects lead to motor neuron degeneration and to which extent they affect common cellular pathways remains incompletely understood. To address these questions, we performed an interactomic analysis to identify binding partners of wild-type (WT) and ALS-associated mutant versions of ATXN2, C9orf72, FUS, OPTN, TDP-43 and UBQLN2 in neuronal cells. This analysis identified several known but also many novel binding partners of these proteins. Interactomes of WT and mutant ALS proteins were very similar except for OPTN and UBQLN2, in which mutations caused loss or gain of protein interactions. Several of the identified interactomes showed a high degree of overlap: shared binding partners of ATXN2, FUS and TDP-43 had roles in RNA metabolism; OPTN- and UBQLN2-interacting proteins were related to protein degradation and protein transport, and C9orf72 interactors function in mitochondria. To confirm that this overlap is important for ALS pathogenesis, we studied fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP), one of the common interactors of ATXN2, FUS and TDP-43, in more detail in in vitro and in vivo model systems for FUS ALS. FMRP localized to mutant FUS-containing aggregates in spinal motor neurons and bound endogenous FUS in a direct and RNA-sensitive manner. Furthermore, defects in synaptic FMRP mRNA target expression, neuromuscular junction integrity, and motor behavior caused by mutant FUS in zebrafish embryos, could be rescued by exogenous FMRP expression. Together, these results show that interactomics analysis can provide crucial insight into ALS disease mechanisms and they link FMRP to motor neuron dysfunction caused by FUS mutations.
Two Distinct Types of Enhancement of Galactose Uptake into Hamster Cells: Tumor-Virus Transformation and Hexose Starvation (1973)

Enhancement of hexose uptake seems well correlated with transformation of cell cultures by tumor viruses and the absence of contact inhibition. Enhancement of sugar uptake has also been observed as a result of hexose starvation. Both types of enhancement can clearly be demonstrated in cultures of hamster cells when uptake of (14)C-labeled galactose is monitored after 10 or 20 min. The profiles of accumulation products are strikingly different. In cultures of hamster NIL cells transformed with polyoma virus much of the (14)C is accumulated as UDPhexose. Untransformed cells accumulate galactose-l-phosphate as well as UDPhexose. Hexose-starved cells show enhanced uptake of galactose; however, this marked enhancement was only observed in NIL cultures close to contact inhibition. The novel and common feature seen in hexose-starved cells when incubated briefly with (14)C-labeled galactose is the occurrence of a marked accumulation of [(14)C]UDPglucuronic acid at the expense of UDPhexose. The ratio [(14)C]UDPglucuronic acid/UDPhexose in cultures fed glucose or galactose was invariably low (0.15-0.2) regardless of the presence or absence of contact inhibition. 20 hr of hexose starvation invariably changed this ratio by a factor of 10 or more, due to accumulation of UDPglucuronic acid. This result was also observed in cultures transformed with polyoma virus. The presence of 3-O-methylglucose in the growth medium did not alter the typical "sugar starvation pattern" (i.e., the UDPglucuronic acid/UDPhexose ratio averaged 1.7). Enhancement of galactose uptake by hexose starvation was very pronounced in NIL cultures that were close to contact inhibition, but was not a prominent feature in the polyoma-transformed cultures. The transformed cells grown on glucose or galactose growth medium showed the usual enhanced rate of uptake of galactose as compared with nontransformed near-confluent cultures that had been fed hexose. The polyoma-induced enhancement showed none of the features characteristic of hexosestarved cells.
Validity of Execution-Time Theory of Software Reliability (1979)

This paper investigates the validity of the execution-time theory of software reliability. The theory is outlined, along with appropriate background, definitions, assumptions, and mathematical relationships. Both the execution time and calendar time components are described. The important assumptions are discussed. Actual data are used to test the validity of most of the assumptions. Model and actual behavior are compared. The development projects and operational computation center software from which the data have been obtained are characterized to give the reader some basis for judging the breadth of applicability of the concepts.
Can Eye Help You? (2016)

In this work, we investigate how remote collaboration between a local worker and a remote collaborator will change if eye fixations of the collaborator are presented to the worker. We track the collaborator's points of gaze on a monitor screen displaying a physical workspace and visualize them onto the space by a projector or through an optical see-through head-mounted display. Through a series of user studies, we have found the followings: 1) Eye fixations can serve as a fast and precise pointer to objects of the collaborator's interest. 2) Eyes and other modalities, such as hand gestures and speech, are used differently for object identification and manipulation. 3) Eyes are used for explicit instructions only when they are combined with speech. 4) The worker can predict some intentions of the collaborator such as his/her current interest and next instruction.
Influence of Decorin on the Mechanical, Compositional, and Structural Properties of the Mouse Patellar Tendon (2012)

The interactions of small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) with collagen fibrils, their association with water, and their role in fibrillogenesis suggests that SLRPs may play an important role in tendon mechanics. Some studies have assessed the role of SLRPs in the mechanical response of the tendon, but the relationships between sophisticated mechanics, assembly of collagen, and SLRPs have not been well characterized. Decorin content was varied in a dose dependent manner using decorin null, decorin heterozygote, and wild type mice. Quantitative measures of mechanical (tension and compression), compositional, and structural changes of the mouse patellar tendon were evaluated. Viscoelastic, tensile dynamic modulus was increased in the decorin heterozygous tendons compared to wild type. These tendons also had a significant decrease in total collagen and no structural changes compared to wild type. Decorin null tendons did not have any mechanical changes; however, a significant decrease in the average fibril diameter was found. No differences were seen between genotypes in elastic or compressive properties, and all tendons demonstrated viscoelastic mechanical dependence on strain rate and frequency. These results suggest that decorin, a member of the SLRP family, plays a role in tendon viscoelasticity that cannot be completely explained by its role in collagen fibrillogenesis. In addition, reductions in decorin do not cause large changes in indentation compressive properties, suggesting that other factors contribute to these properties. Understanding these relationships may ultimately help guide development of tissue engineered constructs or treatment modalities.
A Post-hoc comparison of paliperidone palmitate to oral risperidone during initiation of long-acting risperidone injection in patients with acute schizophrenia. (2011)

During the first month, paliperidone palmitate without oral supplementation has similar efficacy and safety to oral risperidone (during initiation of risperidone long-acting injectable) in acutely exacerbated schizophrenia.
A new arbitration circuit for asynchronous multiple bus multiprocessor systems (1991)

In a bus-based multiprocessor system, a bus arbitration circuit is necessary to assign the bus(es) to the requesting devices. The authors first discuss some design flaws of an existing asynchronous arbiter for multiple bus systems, and then present another design for an asynchronous arbiter which is simple, inexpensive and easy to implement. This circuit has been built and tested. The performance of this new arbiter was also measured by developing a software simulation model. The performance was measured in terms of fairness and mean-arbitration-time. The performance results are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Method to Remedy Image Degradations Due to Facet Braiding in 3D Integral-Imaging Monitors (2010)

One of the main challenges in 3D integral imaging (InI) is to overcome the limited depth of field of displayed 3D images. Although this limitation can be due to many factors, the phenomenon that produces the strongest deterioration of out-of-focus images is the facet braiding. In fact, the facet braiding is an essential problem, since InI 3D monitors are not feasible if the braiding problem is not solved. In this paper, we propose a very simple method for overcoming the facet braiding effect which is a serious limitation for realization of 3D TV based on InI. Hybrid experiments are presented to verify the theoretical analysis.
Agonist-specific refractoriness induced by isoproterenol. Studies with mutant cells. (1976)

The beta-adrenergic catecholamine isoproterenol produces a large, rapid, but often a transient, elevation in cellular content of cyclic AMP. We have used the S49 mouse lymphoma cell line, in which genetic variants with specific defects in the pathway of cyclic AMP generation and function have been isolated, to study the increase and subsequent decrease in cyclic AMP levels (termed refractoriness) following incubation of cells with isoproterenol. In wild type S49 cells, isoproterenol produces a peak response in the cellular content of cyclic AMP within 30 min, but the cyclic AMP level falls rapidly thereafter, approaching basal levels by 6 h. Neither inactivation of the drug nor secretion of a nonspecific inhibitor of adenylate cyclase appears to account for the refractoriness. Because isoproterenol refractory cells can still be stimulated by cholera toxin, refractoriness to isoproterenol does not represent a generalized decrease in cellular cyclic AMP response. Particulate preparations from refractory cells have a selective loss of isoproterenol-responsive adenylate cyclase activity, but their activation constants and stereoselectivity for (-)- and (+)-isoproterenol are unaltered. In addition, refractory cells have decreased specific binding of the beta-adrenergic antagonist [125I]iodohydroxybenzylpindolol. This decrease appears to represent a reduction in the number, but not the affinity, of beta-adrenergic receptor sites. Similar studies in an S49 clone that lacks the enzyme cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase yield essentially identical findings. Because kinase-deficient cells do not induce the cyclic AMP-degrading enzyme phosphodiesterase after the cellular content of cyclic AMP is increased, induced of phosphodiesterase cannot account for refractoriness to isoproterenol. Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase does not appear to be required for either the decrease in beta-adrenergic receptors and isoproterenol-responsive adenylate cyclase, nor does it appear to be required for the development of refractoriness to isoproterenol. In contrast, an S49 clone lacking hormone-responsive adenylate cyclase activity but retaining beta-adrenergic receptors does not appear to lose receptors after being incubated with isoproterenol, either alone or together with dibutyryl cyclic AMP. Therefore, in this clone, receptor occupancy alone or in combination with elevated cyclic AMP levels is insufficient to cause refractoriness. Refractoriness thus appears to require intact adenylate cyclase. This suggests that adenylate cyclase may exert regulatory controls on beta-adrenergic receptors in addition to generation of cyclic AMP.
An analogue computer technique using magnetic amplifiers (1955)

THE foremost requirement to be met in the design of computers for operational use by the military services is that of providing adequate reliability of operation. Such equipment should have a mean life between failures of more than 6 months when operated under unfavorable environmental conditions. This degree of reliability is needed to insure that the equipment will inspire the user's confidence in its functional availability, and that the maintenance load under front-line conditions is kept within the capability of the services. If the designer adopts this precept, then he must limit the complexity of the equations solved in accordance with the inherent reliability of the computer components. Conventional computer elements such as servos, with their vacuum-tube amplifiers, moving parts, and potentiometers, have sufficiently low component reliability that only simple computers will meet the over-all reliability requirements. On the other hand, computers with this degree of simplicity will inadequately meet many job requirements. The best way out of this dilemma is to find new computing techniques which have a higher inherent reliability factor per unit computing operation performed.
OTDR in Optical Amplifier Transmission Systems Using EDFAs Containing Optical Circulators (1991)

Optical time domain reflectometry (OTDR) is an effective technique for locating breaks and for determining the loss distribution along a fiber [1][2]. However, OTDR can not be used with optical transmission lines containing traditional Er-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFAs) because EDFAs require optical isolators to eliminate signal reflection [3]-[5]. The returning backscattered light generated by the forward traveling probe pulse is blocked by optical isolators in each EDFA.
[Effects of divergent habitat on genetic structure of population of Excoecaria agallocha, a mangrove associate]. (2005)

Genetic diversity and population genetic structure of Excoecaria agallocha, a typical mangrove associate species,were surveyed at divergent habitats (intertidal and inland). In general, intertidal populations had higher genetic diversity than inland populations. Genetic differentiation among intertidal populations (G(ST) = 0.191) were smaller than that among inland populations (G(ST) = 0.218), suggesting that gene flow via seed among intertidal populations were stronger. In an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA), we found that 15.13% of the genetic variance could be explained by the differentiation between habitats, as compared to only 11.63% to geographical effects among five sits 181 -759 km distant from each other. This implies that markedly selection regimes result in habitat adaptation. Isolation-by-distance, Southwest Monsoon Current,China Coastal Current and genetic drift played important role in genetic differentiation of China population of Excoecaria agalocha.
Serum Insulin and Growth Hormone Response to Hemorrhagic Shock1 (1971)

Many metabolic abnormalities, including hyperglycemia and glucose intolerance, occur in hemorrhagic shock, which has been previously reported in dogs to be accompanied by elevations in plasma insulin levels. In this study, large primates (baboons) were subjected to hemorrhagic hypotension for 2 hr, during which time marked hyperglycemia occurred. Within 5 min of the onset of hemorrhage, insulin levels declined substantially in both fed and fasted animals and remained below preshock levels during the first hour of shock. During the second hour, insulin levels gradually rose, reaching levels slightly above base line values in approximately half the animals studied. Insulin response to intravenous tolbutamide was subnormal when administered after 1 hr of hypotension. Growth hormone levels remained suppressed in the majority of animals studied, and in the remaining animals changes in growth hormone levels did not correlate well with fluctuations in glucose concentration. These studies demonstrate that hemorrhagic shock in a primate species is associated with an immediate and significant decline in serum insulin concentration which may play an important role in the glucose intolerance of hemorrhagic states. Growth hormone levels during shock are not elevated, but remain suppressed in the majority of animals studied. The mechanism by which both insulin and growth hormone secretion are suppressed during hemorrhagic shock remains unclear. (Endocrinology88: 138, 1971)
[Sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis associated with Asp90Ala CuZn-superoxide dismutase mutations in Russia]. (2000)

16 blood samples from Russian patients (Moscow) with idiopathic motor neuron disease were analysed for mutations in the CuZn-superoxide dismutase gene. Two patients (12.5%) with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) were found to have a disease related mutation. One patient appears to have autosomal recessive adult-onset ALS associated with homozygosity for Asp90Ala and presents the characteristic phenotype of very slowly ascending paresis with both lower and upper motor neuron signs. The other patient heterozygous for Asp90Ala presents ALS with lumbar onset and rapid progression. Both of cases are apparently sporadic.
Oral and perioral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV‐1) infection: review of its management* (2006)

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) gives rise to a variety of clinical disorders and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. HSV-1 infections are common in oral and perioral area. The aim of the present report was to critically examine the published literature to evaluate the advantages and limitations of therapy of HSV-1 infection in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised patients. Systemic antiviral therapy has been widely accepted as effective for primary herpetic gingivostomatitis. Aciclovir (ACV) 5% cream seems to be the accepted standard topical therapy for herpes labialis, being both effective and well tolerated, although penciclovir 1% cream has been proposed as a potentially useful treatment. Systemic ACV may be effective in reducing the duration of symptoms of recurrent HSV-1 infection, but the optimal timing and dose of the treatment are uncertain. Aciclovir and famciclovir may be of benefit in the acute treatment of severe HSV-1 disease in immunocompromised patients. There is also evidence that prophylactic oral ACV may reduce the frequency and severity of recurrent attack of herpetic infection in immunocompromised patients, but the optimal timing and duration of treatment is uncertain and can vary in different situations.
FLEXED FOR FLIGHT : TIGHTLY COUPLED INTEGRATED NAV SYSTEM ADAPTS TO DATA FORMATS (2005)

The demanding requirements of a new miniaturized synthetic aperture radar (MiniSAR) system, adaptable to different types of data according to prevailing conditions, led these researchers to implement an extended Kalman Filter that can process diverse combinations of GNSS observables using different types of positioning. The system shows promise for application in photogrammetry , autonomous vehicle navigation, aerodynamic modeling, and other fields