gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of adenosine1-receptor blockade on renin release from rabbit isolated perfused juxtaglomerular apparatus. (1990)

Adenosine has been proposed to act within the juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) as a mediator of the inhibition of renin secretion produced by a high NaCl concentration at the macula densa. To test this hypothesis, we studied the effects of the adenosine1 (A1)-receptor blocker 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX) on renin release from single isolated rabbit JGAs with macula densa perfused. The A1-receptor agonist, N6-cyclohexyladenosine (CHA), applied in the bathing solution at 10(-7) M, was found to inhibit renin secretion, an effect that was completely blocked by adding CPX (10(-5) M) to the bath. Applied to the lumen, 10(-5) M CPX produced a modest stimulation of renin secretion rates suppressed by a high NaCl concentration at the macula densa (P less than 0.05). The effect of changing luminal NaCl concentration on renin secretion rate was examined in the presence of CPX (10(-7) and 10(-5) M) in the bathing solution and in vehicle control experiments. The control response to increasing luminal NaCl concentration was a marked suppression of renin secretion, that was maintained as long as luminal NaCl concentration was high and was promptly reversible when concentration was lowered. CPX did not alter renin release when luminal NaCl was low, but diminished the reduction caused by high NaCl (P less than 0.01). It is concluded that A1-receptors are located within the JGA, and that A1-receptor activation inhibits renin release. A high NaCl concentration at the macula densa appears to influence A1-receptor activation, but a low NaCl concentration does not. The findings support participation of adenosine in macula densa control of renin secretion.
Microbiome and biological blood marker changes in hens at different laying stages in conventional and cage free housings (2020)

With the majority of conventional cage (CC) laying facilities transitioning into cage-free (CF) systems in the near future, it is important to characterize biological markers of health in layers housed in commercial housings for sustainable production. The objectives of this study were to compare i) blood markers, that is heterophil:lymphocyte (H:L) ratios and susceptibility to avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) and ii) lung and ceca microbiome between hens at different maturity stages in commercial CC and CF farms. Laying hens at 3 maturity stages were randomly sampled (N = 20 per maturity and per farm). Blood was tested for H:L ratios and APEC killing ability using microscopy and in vitro assay, respectively. Microbiomes were assessed using 16S rRNA sequencing and QIIME2 analysis. Data show H:L ratios did not differ between maturities in both farms. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli killing was only different in CC hens, where χ7122 level was higher (P < 0.05) in peak compared with early lay. In both farms, microbiome diversity was consistently different (P < 0.05) in both ceca and lung of early lay compared with peak and late lay. In the ceca and lung, relative abundances of the 3 predominant phyla (Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria) did not significantly change with maturity in both farms. Potential pathogens Campylobacter and Staphylococcus reached greater (P < 0.05) abundances in CC lungs in early lay and in CF lungs in late lay, respectively. Overall, this study showed no differences in the stress marker H:L but identified some differences in resistance to APEC and microbiome composition across maturity stages in CC and CF. The lung and gut microbiomes were highly similar, with both serving as potential reservoirs for Campylobacter and Staphylococcus. Future studies on controllable environments for CF and CC are needed to develop adequate strategies for each housing and maturity stage to reduce pathogens and optimize disease-resistance.
Identification of Galectin-3 and Mucin-Type O-Glycans in Breast Cancer and Its Metastasis to Brain (2008)

Galectin-3 has been implicated in tumor progression. We demonstrated immunohistochemically that galectin-3 was negative in normal breast tissue, but it was highly increased in breast cancer and in metastatic tissues to brain. Similarly, histochemistry with mucin-specific lectins showed increased recognition in breast tumor and metastasis with Machaerocereus eruca agglutinin (Fualpha 1,2 (GalNAcalpha 1,3) Galss1,4 in complex mucin) but not for Amaranthus leucocarpus (Galss1,3-GalNAc-alpha 1,0-Ser/Thr) and Arachis hypogaea lectins (Galss1,3GalNAc/Galss1,4GlcNAc). Mucin-type glycans and galectin-3 colocalized in breast cancer and metastasis, but not in normal tissue, suggesting upregulated biosynthesis of complex O-glycosidically linked glycans and galectin-3 favor breast cancer progression and brain metastasis.
Packaging and interconnect design and analysis using FDTD (2002)

This paper presents information about the development of a versatile FDTD solver and explores design issues relevant to the packaging and interconnect design engineers. The EM analysis development is called "LC". It consists of a GUI interface with the ability to auto-mesh a graphically defined user geometry. A number of different excitations are possible, and the outputs can yield not only field data, but also voltages, currents, impedances, inductances, capacitances and fluxes. Further, both time and frequency-domain data are available on output. It also allows for 2-D visual simulations of the full 3-D problem being simulated during time-stepping. This is very useful in identifying problem areas with a particular design. Another very important and relevant feature of the LC tool is an interface to SPICE which will analyze a circuit based on FDTD field values linked to SPICE at each time step. The SPICE interface also generates output voltages and/or currents that modify the FDTD field values which are then used during the next FDTD time-step. Essentially LC is an integrated EM model editor, simulator, and analysis tool. It is composed of 100,000 lines of C and Fortran, uses OSF/Motif, and is portable to all commercial Unix platforms. Its companion batch simulator, FDTD, and plotting program, LCPlot, are also included in the executable distribution.
Attentive Single-Tasking of Multiple Tasks (2019)

In this work we address task interference in universal networks by considering that a network is trained on multiple tasks, but performs one task at a time, an approach we refer to as “single-tasking multiple tasks”. The network thus modifies its behaviour through task-dependent feature adaptation, or task attention. This gives the network the ability to accentuate the features that are adapted to a task, while shunning irrelevant ones. We further reduce task interference by forcing the task gradients to be statistically indistinguishable through adversarial training, ensuring that the common backbone architecture serving all tasks is not dominated by any of the task-specific gradients. Results in three multi-task dense labelling problems consistently show: (i) a large reduction in the number of parameters while preserving, or even improving performance and (ii) a smooth trade-off between computation and multi-task accuracy. We provide our system's code and pre-trained models at https://github. com/facebookresearch/astmt.
Assessment of Three In Vitro Tests and an In Vivo Test for Chloroquine Resistance in <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> Clinical Isolates (1998)

Three in vitro assays (the isotopic semimicrotest [700 microl per well; 24-well plates], the isotopic microtest [200 microl per well; 96-well plates], and the rapid in vitro test) and the standard in vivo test for chloroquine resistance were compared for 99 clinical isolates of Plasmodium falciparum obtained from symptomatic African patients. The 50% inhibitory concentrations determined by the two isotopic tests were similar and were highly correlated (r = 0.965; P < 0.05), showing a high concordance between the semimicrotest and the microtest. There was a moderate agreement between these two isotopic tests and the in vivo test. Most of the discordant results were probably due to host factors, including reinfections, pharmacokinetic variations, and immunologic response, which are eliminated in in vitro assays. The rapid in vitro test based on the inhibition of chloroquine efflux in the presence of verapamil was poorly concordant with the other tests. Despite some discordant results, isotopic in vitro assays are useful to characterize the phenotypes of individual isolates without the interference of host factors and are complementary to in vivo evaluation of drug efficacy. However, in vitro assays need to be standardized to allow direct comparison of results between different laboratories.
Isolation of a cDNA clone for human NAD+: protein ADP-ribosyltransferase. (1987)

NAD+:Protein ADP-ribosyltransferase (EC 2.4.2.30) (ADPRT) was purified from human placenta by affinity chromatography. With the purified enzyme specific antibodies were raised and partial amino acid sequences were determined. To one of the amino acid sequences corresponding oligonucleotides were synthesized. A sized HeLa lambda gt11 cDNA library was constructed and screened. Positive clones were characterized to be ADPRT specific by immuno- and hybridization techniques. Clone ADPRT-G8 reacted with affinity chromatographically purified specific antibodies and with two specific oligonucleotides. The DNA of this clone detected an mRNA of about 4 kb, sufficient in size to code for the ADPRT with an Mr of 116,000. Partial sequence analysis of this clone confirmed its identity by revealing sequences which code for peptides which were found in cyanogen bromide (CNBr) fragments of the purified enzyme. The ADPRT-G8 clone was characterized with respect to its restriction pattern. The cloned ADPRT cDNA now opens the possibility to investigate the role of this enzyme in control of cellular functions.
Tuning Fluorescence Direction with Plasmonic Metal–Dielectric–Metal Substrates (2012)

Physical Processes in Nanomaterials and Nanostructures.
Plant lipid biotechnology through the looking glass (1987)

Abstract The biosynthesis of economically important fatty acids has been resolved in recent years. The individua enzymes have been isolated, purified and characterized; the specific compartmentations of these enzymes in the cell have been determined; the flow of precursors required to supply the substrates for fatty acid synthesis has been defined. With these data at hand, a new thrust has been brought forth, namely the input of the concepts of molecular biology to the solution of a number of problems, which until now have not been resolved. If and when these problems are elucidated, application of these new solutions will have a profound effect on the agroeconomics involved in the annual production and consumption of over 50 million metric tons (m MT) of vegetable oil throughout the world. This discussion focuses on some of the problems facing plant scientists in their attempts to understand and control plant lipid biosynthesis. Some possible solutions will be suggested, and the impact of these solutions on the economy of nations will be examined.
Cholesterol-Induced Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Atherosclerosis Aggravated by Systemic Inflammation (2014)

Although triglyceride accumulation in the liver causes non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), hypercholesterolemia is also a main cause of NAFLD as well as atherosclerosis. However, NAFLD and atherosclerosis have not been investigated simultaneously in animal models fed a high-cholesterol diet. Moreover, it is unclear whether systemic inflammation can exacerbate both pathologies in the same model. Accordingly, this study investigated the effect of additional systemic inflammation on NAFLD and atherosclerosis induced by cholesterol overload in wild animals. New Zealand white rabbits were divided into 4 groups: groups I (control) and II received normal chow, and groups III and IV received a 1% cholesterol diet. To induce inflammation via toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 signaling, groups II and IV received subcutaneous injections of 0.5 mL of 1% carrageenan every 3 weeks. After 3 months, total cholesterol markedly increased in groups III and IV, and the serum expressions of systemic inflammatory markers were elevated in the groups II-IV. Early NAFLD lesions (e.g., mild fatty changes in the liver with sporadic fibrosis) and atherosclerosis (e.g., intimal hyperplasia composed of foam cells) were observed in both the liver and aorta specimens from group III, and advanced lesions were observed in group IV. The expressions of inflammatory cellular receptors, TLR-2 and TLR-4, in the aorta gradually increased from group I to IV but were similar in the liver in groups II-IV. Cholesteryl ester (CE) levels were higher in group IV than in group III, although the difference was not significant. CE levels in the aorta were similar between groups III and IV. Systemic inflammation can simultaneously exacerbate existing early lesions due to cholesterol overload in both the liver and aorta of rabbits. However, the cellular response of inflammatory receptors and expression of cholesterol metabolites differ between these organs.
Improved Endothelialization of Postfixation Treated Biological Vascular Grafts (1992)

Preliminary in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that endothelialization is improved by a detoxifying postfixation treatment of glutaraldehyde (GA) fixed bovine pericardial patches and grafts. To test whether this is also true for GA tanned human vein (HUV) grafts, patches of commercially available HUV grafts (MHUV), postfixation treated HUV grafts (PTHUV) and GA fixed HUV granfts (GAHUV) were endothelialized in vitro. Eight pairs of MHUV and PTHUV grafts were implanted as femoropopliteal grafts in eight sheep. Endothelial cell adherence was significantly better on PTHUV (11910 +/- 4413 cells/cm2) than on MHUV (6545 +/- 2835 cells/mm2; p = 0.0007) and on GAHUV (3563 +/- 1638; p = 0.0001) one day after cell seeding. After eight days of culture significantly more cells spread on PTHUV material than on MHUV (p = 0.0002), but none of the cultures on GAHUV remained viable. Four PTHUV grafts occluded in the femoropopliteal position, mostly because of kinking, so that only in four pairs of grafts could the thrombus-free surface be compared by planimetry. Again PTHUV material was covered more by endothelial cells than was MHUV material. On PTHUV endothelial cells spread directly on the graft material while on MHUV these cells spread on a layer of fibrin and macrophages. Postfixation treatment of GA-fixed biological graft material by amino-acid solutions improves the biocompatibility of the material and enhances in vitro as well as spontaneous in vivo endothelialization.
Transcriptional Control of COX-2 via C/EBPβ (2005)

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is a highly inducible enzyme exerting diverse actions on cell functions, including proliferation, migration, and DNA damage. Enhanced COX-2 expression may be protective, but excessive expression may be harmful, causing inflammation, atheromatous plaque instability, and intimal hyperplasia. COX-2 transcriptional activation by proinflammatory mediators has been extensively characterized. In this review, the role of C/EBP in regulating COX-2 transcription is highlighted. Recent advances in control of COX-2 transcription by aspirin and salicylate and by a cell cycle-dependent endogenous mechanism are described. The recent progress sheds light on the pathophysiological mechanisms of COX-2 and new transcription-based strategy for controlling COX-2 overexpression and COX-2-mediated cardiovascular diseases.
Large Power Transformers (1987)

1. The Physical Background of Transformer Operation. 2. The Core. 3. The Windings. 4. Stray-Field Losses in Structural Parts of Transformers. 5. Transformer Insulation. 6. Temperature Rise and Cooling of Transformers. 7. Constructional Parts of the Transformer. Subject Index.
Comparative study of deep-UV resist processes for 0.35-μm technology (1992)

Deep UV lithography at 248 nm has shown resolution down to 0.3 micrometers on flat substrates by using wet developable resists. However, due to higher reflectivity at this wavelength, interference effects are enhanced and CD variations have been observed on topography. Different approaches can be used to decrease these effects. In this paper we propose to study two processes related to this problem: (1) a dyed monolayer wet developable resist, and (2) a bilayer system, including a dry developable organic antireflective coating. Several dyed versions of XP 89131 resist from Shipley were studied first, on flat substrates and then on wafers with topography. On flat substrates, the influence of different parameters, such as resist absorption, solubility, bake temperatures, and development time for a given exposure dose on CD, slope, and process latitude have been quantified for 0.3 and 0.35 micrometers . The resist profile modification on reflective topography is discussed. In the case of a bilayer system, a deep UV transparent layer can be used as the top layer (XP 89131). The bottom antireflective (ARC) layer is the resist XP 91218 from Shipley. Dry anisotropic etching of this ARC has been studied by screening of plasma parameters (gas pressure, ion energy, gas type) in various etching equipments (DECR and RIE).
Autonomus Helicopter Landing on a Mobile Platform. (2011)

In this thesis we investigate the problem of landing a helicopter autonomously on a mobile platform by designing controllers for the attitude- and translational dynamics in parallel. A mathematical model of the helicopter, in form of general 6-degrees-of-freedom rigid-body dynamics with application-specific actuations, is developed. A linearized model is used in order to make a landing problem more tractable, which is also rather reasonable under landing constraints, where small angle- and velocity approximations are valid. The inputs used for the attitude controller are the tail rotor thrust and the tip-path-plane angles. Then, a form of cascaded control is adopted for the translational dynamics, in which the inputs are the Euler angles together with the main rotor thrust. The resulting control system is tested by MATLAB simulations against a smooth position reference path, with satisfying results. For the landing scenario, a trajectory planning strategy based on linear model predictive control (MPC) is adopted. The cascaded control system is then used to track the translational reference trajectory. The translational reference trajectory is chosen such that the attitude dynamics is adapted to the attitude of the platform at touch-down.
Physicochemical Features of the hERG Channel Drug Binding Site (2004)

Blockade of hERG K(+) channels in the heart is an unintentional side effect of many drugs and can induce cardiac arrhythmia and sudden death. It has become common practice in the past few years to screen compounds for hERG channel activity early during the drug discovery process. Understanding the molecular basis of drug binding to hERG is crucial for the rational design of medications devoid of this activity. We previously identified 2 aromatic residues, Tyr-652 and Phe-656, located in the S6 domain of hERG, as critical sites of interaction with structurally diverse drugs. Here, Tyr-652 and Phe-656 were systematically mutated to different residues to determine how the physicochemical properties of the amino acid side group affected channel block by cisapride, terfenadine, and MK-499. The potency for block by all three drugs was well correlated with measures of hydrophobicity, especially the two-dimensional approximation of the van der Waals hydrophobic surface area of the side chain of residue 656. For residue 652, an aromatic side group was essential for high affinity block, suggesting the importance of a cation-pi interaction between Tyr-652 and the basic tertiary nitrogen of these drugs. hERG also lacks a Pro-Val-Pro motif common to the S6 domain of most other voltage-gated K(+) channels. Introduction of Pro-Val-Pro into hERG reduced sensitivity to drugs but also altered channel gating. Together, these findings assign specific residues to receptor fields predicted by pharmacophore models of hERG channel blockers and provide a refined molecular understanding of the drug binding site.
Acute polyarthritis (1994)

Physicians are familiar with the "slapped cheek" rash seen in childhood cases of erythema infectiosum. Less well known is that infection with its pathogen, parvovirus B19, often becomes manifest in adults as acute viral arthropathy. In evaluation of suspected cases, a complete blood cell count and blood chemistry profile are useful additions to thorough history taking and physical examination. Differential diagnosis includes Lyme disease, other viral infections, acute rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, and psoriatic arthritis. Treatment is symptomatic with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Automatic Power Modeling of Infrastructure IP for System-on-Chip Power Analysis (2007)

Modern System-on-Chips (SoCs) are often designed under stringent time-to-market constraints. Hence, they are realized by re-using a number of pre-designed components (or IP blocks) that implement standard, yet critical functions. An important category of IP blocks are the so-called Infrastructure IP (IIP) blocks, which include interfaces to off-chip memory, I/O devices, and peripherals, as well as hardware to provide DMA transfers, interrupts, timing, etc. IIP components are often responsible for a substantial portion of a SoC's power consumption, making it important to model and consider their effect in power-aware SoC design. However, system-level power analysis and optimization has, for the most part, focused on the processor, memory hierarchy, interconnect, and application-specific hardware. Relatively little work has addressed modeling the power consumed by these Infrastructure IP (IIP) components, or their impact on system-level tradeoffs. This paper describes a systematic methodology to automatically generate power models for IIP components for use in system-level power analysis and optimization tools. Our methodology starts with (i) a high-level functional model of an IIP component designed for fast simulation, and (ii) a corresponding implementation model (RTL or gate-level description), from which accurate power estimates can be obtained. It automatically generates an enhanced version of the high-level functional model, which includes an accurate, yet efficient power model. This paper describes the key steps of the methodology, and presents techniques based on statistical analysis and symbolic regression to automate the most labor-intensive steps. The proposed methodology has been applied to several commercial IIP designs, including ones from the Synopsys Design- Ware library. The resulting power models produce estimates that are within 7% of gate-level power analysis, while being several hundred times faster, making them highly suitable for system-level power analysis. Moreover, the use of an automatic methodology drastically reduces the effort spent in power model development, from over a week to under an hour in some cases. The automatically generated models have been integrated into an in-house system-level power estimation framework. We demonstrate their utility in exploring system-level design tradeoffs using an example SoC design.