gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oxygen and water‐vapor diffusion through biaxially oriented poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1990)

Abstract The gas barrier properties of a wide range of biaxially oriented polyethylene terephthalate films have been investigated. The permeability and diffusion coefficients for oxygen and water vapor transmissions were determined for films prepared by both simultaneous and sequential biaxial stretching. The effect of annealing was also studied and a comparison made with previous results for uniaxially oriented films. It was found that the permeability correlated well with the density of the sample, but that the dependence on the gauche/trans conformer ratio shown for uniaxial material was not so clear. A good empirical correlation was also obtained between permeability and a proposed measure of molecular orientation obtained from refractive index measurements. A more detailed interpretation, based on infrared measurements of orientation, showed that there is a systematic reduction in permeability as the planes of the terephthalate residues become parallel to the film surface.
Anonymizing user profiles for personalized web search (2010)

We study the problem of anonymizing user profiles so that user privacy is sufficiently protected while the anonymized profiles are still effective in enabling personalized web search. We propose a Bayes-optimal privacy notion to bound the prior and posterior probability of associating a user with an individual term in the anonymized user profile set. We also propose a novel bundling technique that clusters user profiles into groups by taking into account the semantic relationships between the terms while satisfying the privacy constraint. We evaluate our approach through a set of preliminary experiments using real data demonstrating its feasibility and effectiveness.
Ancient isolation and independent evolution of the three clonal lineages of the exotic sudden oak death pathogen <i>Phytophthora ramorum</i> (2009)

The genus Phytophthora includes some of the most destructive plant pathogens affecting agricultural and native ecosystems and is responsible for a number of recent emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases of plants. Sudden oak death, caused by the exotic pathogen P. ramorum, has caused extensive mortality of oaks and tanoaks in Northern California, and has brought economic losses to US and European nurseries as well due to its infection of common ornamental plants. In its known range, P. ramorum occurs as three distinct clonal lineages. We inferred the evolutionary history of P. ramorum from nuclear sequence data using coalescent-based approaches. We found that the three lineages have been diverging for at least 11% of their history, an evolutionarily significant amount of time estimated to be on the order of 165,000 to 500,000 years. There was also strong evidence for historical recombination between the lineages, indicating that the ancestors of the P. ramorum lineages were members of a sexually reproducing population. Due to this recombination, the ages of the lineages varied within and between loci, but coalescent analyses suggested that the European lineage may be older than the North American lineages. The divergence of the three clonal lineages of P. ramorum supports a scenario in which the three lineages originated from different geographic locations that were sufficiently isolated from each other to allow independent evolution prior to introduction to North America and Europe. It is thus probable that the emergence of P. ramorum in North America and Europe was the result of three independent migration events.
Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide in aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate: Synthesis and characterization (2001)

Abstract Dispersion polymerization of acrylamide (PAM) has been successfully carried out in aqueous ammonium sulfate media by using poly(acryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride) (PAOTAC) as the polymeric stabilizer and 2,2′‐azobis(2‐methyl propionamidine) dihydrochloride (AIBA) as the initiator. The polymerization behaviors with varying concentrations of acrylamide, PAOTAC, AIBA, and ammonium sulfate were investigated. The reaction conditions for stable dispersion were concentrations of 5–10% for acrylamide, 0.6–1.8% for the stabilizer, 0.92–1.84 × 10 −4 mol/L for the initiator, and 24–30% for the salt. The resulting conversion–time curves were S‐shaped, as is typically observed in polymerization. Polydisperse spherical particles were formed in the system. An image analyzer photographed the size of the dispersed particles and their distribution was measured. The mechanism and kinetics for the dispersion polymerization were discussed. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 83: 1397–1405, 2002
A Coastal Cline in Sodium Accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana Is Driven by Natural Variation of the Sodium Transporter AtHKT1;1 (2010)

The genetic model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, like many plant species, experiences a range of edaphic conditions across its natural habitat. Such heterogeneity may drive local adaptation, though the molecular genetic basis remains elusive. Here, we describe a study in which we used genome-wide association mapping, genetic complementation, and gene expression studies to identify cis-regulatory expression level polymorphisms at the AtHKT1;1 locus, encoding a known sodium (Na(+)) transporter, as being a major factor controlling natural variation in leaf Na(+) accumulation capacity across the global A. thaliana population. A weak allele of AtHKT1;1 that drives elevated leaf Na(+) in this population has been previously linked to elevated salinity tolerance. Inspection of the geographical distribution of this allele revealed its significant enrichment in populations associated with the coast and saline soils in Europe. The fixation of this weak AtHKT1;1 allele in these populations is genetic evidence supporting local adaptation to these potentially saline impacted environments.
Active DLP Hyperspectral Illumination: A Noninvasive, in Vivo, System Characterization Visualizing Tissue Oxygenation at Near Video Rates (2011)

We report use of a novel hyperspectral imaging system utilizing digital light processing (DLP) technology to noninvasively visualize in vivo tissue oxygenation during surgical procedures. The system's novelty resides in its method of illuminating tissue with precisely predetermined continuous complex spectra. The Texas Instruments digital micromirror device, DMD, chip consisting of 768 by 1024 mirrors, each 16 μm square, can be switched between two positions at 12.5 kHz. Switching the appropriate mirrors controls the intensity of light illuminating the tissue as a function of wavelength, active spectral illumination. Meaning, the tissue can be illuminated with a different spectrum of light within 80 μs. Precisely, predetermined spectral illumination penetrates into patient tissue, its chemical composition augments the spectral properties of the light, and its reflected spectra are detected and digitized at each pixel detector of a silicon charge-coupled device, CCD. Using complex spectral illumination, digital signal processing and chemometric methods produce chemically relevant images at near video rates. Specific to this work, tissue is illuminated spectrally with light spanning the visible electromagnetic spectrum (380 to 780 nm). Spectrophotometric images are detected and processed visualizing the percentage of oxyhemoglobin at each pixel detector and presented continuously, in real time, at 3 images per second. As a proof of principle application, kidneys of four live anesthetized pigs were imaged before, during, and after renal vascular occlusion. DLP Hyperspectral Imaging with active spectral illumination detected a 64.73 ± 1.5% drop in the oxygenation of hemoglobin within 30 s of renal arterial occlusion. Producing chemically encoded images at near video rate, time-resolved hyperspectral imaging facilitates monitoring renal blood flow during animal surgery and holds considerable promise for doing the same during human surgical interventions.
Adaptive optics systems implemented using two-dimensional phase retrieval and a microelectromechanical deformable mirror (2000)

We present a fast 2-D phase retrieval approach used to per- form optical phase modulation of a microelectromechanical-deformable mirror (MEM-DM). Traditional solutions to beamsplitting, beam steering, and beam shaping (BS 3 ) involve multiple and sometimes costly optical components. For example, beamsplitting is normally accomplished with beamsplitters, beam steering is normally achieved with gimbaled me- chanical devices, and beam shaping is normally done with addressable, polarized, and potentially absorptive devices such as LCDs. Using the phase retrieval algorithm with a desired far-field amplitude pattern as a constraint, a segmented wavefront control device is shown to simulta- neously perform the functions of BS 3 . The MEM-DM used is a foundry- microfabricated device that is attractive for optical phase modulation ap- plications primarily because of its inherent low cost and low drive voltages. The MEM-DM shapes the beam based on the results of a modified Fienup and Roggemann/Lee phase retrieval algorithm imple- mented within the system. The optical bench setup and the experimental results for BS 3 are presented. Measured experimental data show good agreement with model simulations. A comparison between analog MEM- DMs and a digitally controlled MEM-DM is presented. Overall, experi- mental results demonstrate the efficacy of the phase retrieval algorithm and a single phase control device in solving optics problems normally solved through traditional techniques and multiple devices. © 2000 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. (S0091-3286(00)02310-2)
Testing of differential cascade voltage switch (DCVS) circuits (1990)

The problem of testing differential cascode voltage switch (DCVS) circuits is analyzed. These circuits have several potential applications in fault-tolerant, highly available system design due to their inherent self-checking capability. It is shown how concurrent (online) testing of DCVS circuits, which is very effective under single transistor fault assumptions, can be performed. The impact of multiple faults of DCVS circuits is examined, and analytical results are derived. These results indicate that periodic offline tests on DCVS circuits are necessary in order to achieve high multiple-fault coverage. Single-fault test sets and/or pseudorandom vectors were successfully used in the offline tests to detect many of the multiple faults which reduce the efficiency of online tests. The results show the need for a comprehensive mixed-test strategy combining offline and online tests for DCVS circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fault-tolerant hierarchical routing (2002)

This paper presents a self-stabilizing, fault-tolerant hierarchical routing algorithm. Hierarchical routing algorithms are less expensive algorithm than traditional all-pairs routing algorithms (i.e., lower memory requirements, faster routing table lookups, and less costly broadcast). The algorithm presented here retains these benefits yet, maintains routing capability between all pairs of connected nodes, even in the presence of faults, such as link/node failures and repairs and corruption of program variables. Additionally, this algorithm solves the problem of area partition where nodes that are defined to be in the same subset of the network become isolated by link or node failure. Being self-stabilizing, starting from an arbitrary state the protocol is guaranteed to reach a configuration with routing tables containing valid entries in a finite time. The protocol automatically updates the shortest paths in the face of dynamically changing link weights. The protocol dynamically allocates/deallocates storage for the routing information as the network size changes. The algorithm works on an arbitrary topology and under a distributed daemon model.
Visceral hypersensitivity (2003)

Visceral hypersensitivity is highly prevalent in all functional bowel disorders. Most also demonstrate wider patterns of somatic referral of intestinal pain or discomfort. This hypersensitivity may explain the symptoms as the sensitive gut can be more easily provoked by normal or abnormal motor events in the gut. Visceral hypersensitivity may increase during psychosocial stress and during periods of symptom exacerbation, although this requires confirmation. Pharmacological therapy to reduce visceral hypersensitivity is now possible using antagonists to neurotransmitters, opening up an exciting new era for the treatment of functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Two-Dimensional Supersonic Thrust Vectoring Using Staggered Ramps (2017)

The thrust vectoring performance of a novel nozzle mechanism was numerically investigated. The nozzle was designed for supersonic, air-breathing engines using published engine data, isentropic relationships, and piecewise quartic splines. The mechanism utilizes two staggered, adjustable ramps. A baseline inviscid numerical simulation without ramps verified the nozzle design by comparing the results to the analytical data. Nine ramp configurations were analyzed under steady-state turbulent viscous conditions, using two sets of inlet parameters corresponding to inlet conditions with and without an afterburner (AB). The realizable k – ε model was used to model the turbulence field. Area-weighted integrals of the exit flow showed superior flow deflection with the nonafterburning inlet flow parameters. Calculations of the mean flow deflection angles showed that the flow can be deflected as much as 30 deg in a given direction with the largest ramp length and angle values. The smallest ramp length (less than 5% of the nozzle length) demonstrated as much as 21 deg in flow deflection.
Authorization Transparency for Accountable Access to IoT Services (2019)

Highly distributed smart environments, such as Smart Cities, require scalable architectures to support a large number of stakeholders that share Internet of Things (IoT) resources and services. We focus on authorization solutions that regulate access of users to smart objects and consider scenarios where a large number of smart objects owners want to share the resources of their devices in a secure way. A popular solution is to delegate third parties, such as public Cloud services, to mediate authorization procedures among users and smart objects. This approach has the disadvantage of assuming third parties as trusted proxies that guarantee correctness of all authorization procedures. In this paper, we propose a system that allows to audit authorizations managed by third parties, to detect and expose their misbehaviors to users, smart objects owners and, possibly, to the public. The proposed system is inspired by the transparency projects used to monitor Web Certification Authorities, but improves over existing proposals through a twofold contribution. First, it is specifically designed for IoT devices, provided with little resources and distributed in constrained environments. Second, it complies to current standard authorization protocols and available open-source software, making it ready to be deployed.
Neutrophil polarity and locomotion are associated with surface redistribution of leukosialin (CD43), an antiadhesive membrane molecule (2000)

This study analyzed the behavior of an antiadhesive membrane molecule, CD43, in neutrophil polarization and locomotion. CD43 cross-linking by antibodies induced neutrophil locomotion, with CD43 molecules clustered at the uropod of polarized neutrophils. In contrast, CD11b/CD18 cross-linking by antibodies did not affect either cell polarization or locomotion. Stimulation of suspended or adherent neutrophils with chemotactic peptide results in cell polarization and locomotion and a concomitant redistribution of CD43 to the uropod. This process is entirely reversible. The study also investigated which actin-binding protein could be involved in CD43 lateral redistribution. alpha-Actinin and moesin are preferentially adsorbed on Sepharose beads bearing a recombinant CD43 intracellular domain. Analysis by immunofluorescence confocal microscopy shows a codistribution of moesin during CD43 lateral redistribution. By contrast, alpha-actinin is located at the leading edge, an area devoid of CD43. These results shed new light on the role of CD43 membrane redistribution, which appears to be directly related to neutrophil polarity and locomotion. (Blood. 2000;95:2462-2470)
A possible change in the rate-limiting step for cardiac norepinephrine synthesis in the cardiomyopathic Syrian hamster. (1977)

The development of heart failure in the cardiomyopathic hamster is associated with a decrease in norepinephrine stores and parallel increases in cardiac sympathetic tone and tyrosine hydroxylase activity. Despite the increase in tyrosine hydroxylase, cardiac norepinephrine synthesis does not increase in heart failure. In this study, we have shown that an accumulation of cardiac dopamine accompanies the decline of cardiac norepinephrine. The abnormal content of norepinephrine and of dopamine in the decompensating hamster heart is restored to normal by peripheral ganglionic blockade. The acute increase in cardiac sympathetic tone induced by immobilization stress in control hamsters mimics the alterations in cardiac catecholamine distribution found in heart failure. Other investigators have demonstrated similar alterations in the catecholamine content of the rat submaxillary gland and adrenal medulla following an increase in sympathetic input to these organs. We conclude that the increase in cardiac sympathetic tone in the late stages of hamster cardiomyopathy appears to lead to a shift in the rate-limiting step for norepinephrine synthesis from the hydroxylation of tyrosine to the hydroxylation of dopamine. There is evidence that this shift which results in an accumulation of dopamine in the noradrenergic nerve terminals of the heart is a general manifestaion of augmented sympathetic nerve traffic rather than a peculiarity of hamster cardiomyopathy.
IL-12 gene-deficient C57BL / 6 mice are susceptible toLeishmania donovani but have diminished hepatic immunopathology (2000)

To determine the in vivo role of IL-12 in the development of protective immunity in visceral leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania donovani, we examined the course of L. donovani infection in IL-12-deficient C57BL/6 (IL-12-/-) mice. IL-12-/- mice displayed significantly higher parasite burdens in their livers and spleens than wild-type C57BL/6 mice throughout the course of infection. Despite high parasite burdens, the onset of hepatosplenomegaly was significantly delayed in L. donovani-infected IL-12-/-. Moreover, livers and spleens from IL-12-/- mice displayed significantly less inflammation and poorly formed granulomatous lesions than those from IL-12+/+ mice throughout the course of infection. Antigen-stimulated splenocytes from IL-12-/- mice produced significantly less IFN-gamma but more IL-4 than IL-12+/+ mice. These findings indicate that although endogenous IL-12 is critical for the development of protective immunity to L. donovani, it is also responsible for inducing the significant immunopathology associated with visceral leishmaniasis.
<title>Edge-lit reflection holograms</title> (1992)

A three dimensional image has been reconstructed from a reflection hologram using edge illumination. This hologram is laminated on a 0.25" thick acrylic substrate and illuminated with white light through the edge of the substrate. In this paper, experimental schemes of recording and illuminating of an edge-lit reflection hologram are presented. The quality of the reconstructed images is evaluated as well.
Endogenous Telomerase Reverse Transcriptase N-Terminal Tagging Affects Human Telomerase Function at Telomeres <i>In Vivo</i> (2016)

Telomerase action at telomeres is essential for the immortal phenotype of stem cells and the aberrant proliferative potential of cancer cells. Insufficient telomere maintenance can cause stem cell and tissue failure syndromes, while increased telomerase levels are associated with tumorigenesis. Both pathologies can arise from only small perturbation of telomerase function. To analyze telomerase at its low endogenous expression level, we genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) to express various N-terminal fusion proteins of the telomerase reverse transcriptase from its endogenous locus. Using this approach, we found that these modifications can perturb telomerase function in hPSCs and cancer cells, resulting in telomere length defects. Biochemical analysis suggests that this defect is multileveled, including changes in expression and activity. These findings highlight the unknown complexity of telomerase structural requirements for expression and function in vivo.
Synthesis of p-chlorophenols (and -naphthols) from the thermal rearrangement of 4-chlorocyclobutenones (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of p-chlorophenols (and -naphthols) from the thermal rearrangement of 4-chlorocyclobutenonesSimon L. Xu and Harold W. MooreCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1, 326–338Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00027a057RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views281Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A reconfigurable stream compression hardware based on static symbol-lookup table (2013)

When we consider any applications that use large data continuously produced, it is necessary for the system developer to apply some fast method that migrates the data stream to the processors. Even if we consider the internal communications of a BigData processing system, applications that treat dataflow such as from a sensor system with tens of channels to a peripheral bus for interconnections among processing modules are currently facing a critical frequency problem to exchange data in the busses because the data size has become very large. One of the best solutions to improve the situation is to compress the exchanged data stream during the transfer in the interconnection among processing modules. However, the conventional compression mechanisms used by software solutions such as ZIP and LZW need to aggregate the compressed data and a table that includes the information for recovering the compressed data to the original one. This paper shows a novel compression mechanism based on the symbol pair matching that uses a coherent and static lookup table with a limited number of entries of the symbol pairs. Building a compression pipeline with multiple tables we can implement an effective data path of the stream-based compression with a reconfigurable and flexible compression ratio applying trained tables from the original data characteristics. This paper shows the algorithm design and an implementation example on an FPGA using the content addressable memory and reports the performance of the hardware.