gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental chemotherapy of tuberculosis using single dose treatment with isoniazid in biodegradable polymers (1994)

In previous studies we showed that a single implant of polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) polymer as a film containing isoniazid ensured sustained release of the drug for up to 4 weeks. These studies have been extended to PLGA polymer as a rod which is retrievable. Both types of implant gave therapeutically active levels of free isoniazid in liver and urine for prolonged periods. We assessed the in vivo chemotherapeutic efficacy of the rod implant against heavy infections of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis in C57Bl/6 mice. The chemotherapeutic data essentially confirmed the bioavailability data. In one chemotherapeutic study, one (7%) out of 15 mice which received the isoniazid polymer implant died within 30 days of bacterial challenge, while none of those receiving daily oral treatment died. In contrast, 14 (93%) of the 15 control mice died during the same period. In a second study similar results were obtained.
Tunneling-injection quantum-dot laser: ultrahigh temperature stability (2001)

We propose a genuinely temperature-insensitive quantum dot (QD) laser. Our approach is based on direct injection of carriers into the QDs, resulting in a strong depletion of minority carriers in the regions outside the QDs. Recombination in these regions, which is the dominant source of the temperature dependence, is thereby suppressed, raising the characteristic temperature T/sub 0/ above 1500 K. Still further enhancement of T/sub 0/ results from the resonant nature of tunneling injection, which reduces the inhomogeneous line broadening by selectively cutting off the nonlasing QDs.
Agronomic characteristics of 'Prata-anã' and 'Maçã' bananas micropropagated (2006)

The experiment evaluated the agronomic characteristics of 'Prata-anã' and 'Maçã' banana plants, in the São Manuel region of São Paulo state. In the first crop cycle, the number of days from planting to inflorescence and from inflorescence to harvest; the number of shoots until the appearance of inflorescence and during the harvest period; active leaves number at inflorescence appearance and during the harvest period. Were evaluated yield parameters: like average weight of bunch, hand, rachis and fruit; average fruit number per hand and bunch; average fruit diameter and length. Incidences of plague diseases, as well as their severity were also evaluated. Delineation was totally at random, with 2 treatments, 15 replications and 5 useful plants per experimental plot. Both cultivars were characterized by values of descriptive average statistics and standard deviation, for characteristic interests. Number of days from planting to harvest was similar for both 'Prata-anã' and 'Maçã', 574 and 567 days respectively. Banana plants showed good phytosanitary quality throughout the whole cycle.
Gamma irradiation of poly(alkyl methacrylates) (1959)

Abstract A series of poly(alkyl methacrylates) were prepared from monomer of high purity and subjected to gamma irradiation. Gelation in the n ‐alkyl series was detected for poly ( n ‐heptyl methacrylate) at 15 Mreps; gel was detected at lower doses as the length of the alkyl group increased. No gelation was found on irradiation of poly ( sec ‐alkyl methacrylates) to relatively high doses; poly( sec ‐nonyl methacrylate) remained soluble after 40 Mreps of irradiation. Correlation with earlier work on irradiation of poly(alkyl acrylates) is discussed.
Iron-regulated transcription of the pvdA gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: effect of Fur and PvdS on promoter activity (1996)

The pvdA gene, encoding the enzyme L-ornithine N5-oxygenase, catalyzes a key step of the pyoverdin biosynthetic pathway in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Expression studies with a promoter probe vector made it possible to identify three tightly iron-regulated promoter regions in the 5.9-kb DNA fragment upstream of pvdA. The promoter governing pvdA expression was located within the 154-bp sequence upstream of the pvdA translation start site. RNA analysis showed that expression of PvdA is iron regulated at the transcriptional level. Primer extension and S1 mapping experiments revealed two 5'termini of the pvdA transcript, 68 bp (T1) and 43 bp (T2) 5' of the PvdA initiation. The pvdA transcripts were monocystronic, with T1 accounting for 90% of the pvdA mRNA. Fur box-like sequences were apparently absent in the regions 5' of pvdA transcription start sites. A sequence motif resembling the -10 hexamer of AlgU-dependent promoters and the iron starvation box of pyoverdin genes controlled by the sigmaE -like factor PvdS were identified 5' of the T1 start site. The minimum DNA region required for iron-regulated promoter activity was mapped from bp -41 to -154 relative to the ATG translation start site of pvdA. We used pvdA'::lacZ transcriptional fusions and Northern (RNA) analyses to study the involvement of Fur and PvdS in the iron-regulated expression of pvdA. Two fur mutants of P. aeruginosa were much less responsive than wild-type PAO1 to the iron-dependent regulation of pvdA expression. Transcription from the pvdA promoter did not occur in a heterologous host unless in the presence of the pvdS gene in trans and was abrogated in a pvdS mutant of P. aeruginosa. Interaction of the Fur repressor with a 150-bp fragment encompassing the pvdS promoter was demonstrated in vivo by the Fur titration assay and confirmed in vitro by gel retardation experiments with a partially purified Fur preparation. Conversely, the promoter region of pvdA did not interact with Fur. Our results support the hypothesis that the P. aeruginosa Fur repressor indirectly controls pvdA transcription through the intermediary sigma factor PvdS; in the presence of sufficient iron, Fur blocks the pvdS promoter, thus preventing PvdS expression and consequently transcription of pvdA and other pyoverdin biosynthesis genes.
A new criterion of phase separation: The effect of diamine chain extenders on the properties of polyurethaneureas (1982)

A new criterion of phase separation of segmented polyurethaneureas. is found by comparing the relative crystallinity of the soft segment of polyurethaneurea. This criterion is more sensitive than the conventional thermal transition temperature measurements. The difference of crystallinity can be distinguished even if the thermal transition temperatures are the same. The polymers are synthesized by coupling a prepolymer consisting of poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) with different chain extenders, ethylenediamine (ED), 1.6-hexanediamine (HD), and 4,4′-methylenedianiline (MDA). The degree of phase separation is found to relate to the structure of the chain extender and the hard-segment content as indicated by the relative crystallinity and initial modulus. Several explanations are proposed to discuss the relationship between these factors.
Baculovirus Expression Systems for Recombinant Protein Production in Insect Cells (2009)

Baculoviruses are lethal pathogens of insects, predominantly of the order Lepidoptera. These viruses have a bi-phasic life cycle, which greatly facilitates their use for biotechnological applications. They were exploited initially as biocontrol agents, and then engineered as protein expression vectors. The baculovirus expression vector system (BEVS) is now widely used for recombinant protein production. More recently they have become a popular choice for development as gene delivery and expression vectors in mammalian cells. This article reviews some of the major developments and patents relating to baculoviruses since their initial use as an expression tool and investigates current technologies alleviating bottlenecks in recombinant gene expression in insect cells.
Primäre Offenwinkelglaukome (2017)

Zusammenfassung Das Glaukom gehört zu den häufigsten irreversiblen Erblindungsursachen weltweit und die alternde Gesellschaft in den westlichen Industrieländern impliziert ein hohes Risiko einer weiteren Zunahme. Das primäre Offenwinkelglaukom stellt den bei Weitem häufigsten Glaukomtyp des Erwachsenenalters dar. Die Therapie erfolgt zunächst konservativ mit einer Monotherapie, bei unzureichender Einstellung des Zieldruckbereichs sollte jedoch frühzeitig eine Glaukomoperation durchgeführt werden.
Nonlinear optical adaptive photodetectors for remote sensing: application to ultrasound detection (1998)

In recent years, there has been a need for improved basic materials evaluation during and after processing. In particular, there is a need for nondestructive, noncontact characterization of critical materials without mechanical loading, inspection of welds, surface treatments of metals, as well as in-process evaluation of composites and microelectronics components for elastic properties, material flaws and delamination. We will highlight a novel all-optical technology in this regard: laser-based ultrasonic inspection of critical materials, bonds, and processes.
Preparation of crosslinked epoxy microparticles via phase inversion (1996)

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) studies have been performed to reveal a crosslinked epoxy nature of the spherical particles formed in cured epoxy/DDS/PMMA blends. An interesting phase inversion phenomenon was observed in cured DGEBA/DDS/PMMA blends, which occurred at a relatively low thermoplastic composition of 20 phr PMMA in blends. A unique method of preparing crosslinked epoxy spheres of controlled sizes based on cure-induced phase inversion is described in this report. Several factors have been found to affect the geometry of the formed epoxy spheres. The volume fraction of PMMA in the blends strongly dominates the influence. With the increase of PMMA volume fraction in the blends, the spheres not only become smaller in sizes, but also more regular in the spherical geometry due to less impingement. The crosslinking density (DDS phr in the blends) has been found to influence the average sizes of the spheres. The cure temperature has relatively limited effects only when the PMMA loadings in the blends are relatively small. Various potential applications for the epoxy microspheres may be investigated in future studies. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Construction of a Defined Biomimetic Matrix for Long-Term Maintenance of Mouse Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells (2016)

The existing in vitro culture systems often use undefined and animal-derived components for the culture of pluripotent stem cells. Artificial bioengineered peptides have the potential to become alternatives to these components of extracellular matrix (ECM). Integrins and cadherins are two cell adhesion proteins important for stem cell self-renewal, differentiation, and phenotype stability. In the present study, we sought to mimic the physico-biochemical properties of natural ECMs that allow self-renewal of mouse induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs). We develop a genetically engineered ECM protein (ERE-CBP) that contains (i) an integrin binding peptide sequence (RGD/R), (ii) an E-/N-cadherin binding peptide sequence (SWELYYPLRANL/CBP), and (iii) 12 repeats of APGVGV elastin-like polypeptides (ELPs/E).While ELPs allow efficient coating by binding to nontreated hydrophobic tissue culture plates, RGD/R and CBP support integrin- and cadherin-dependent cell attachment, respectively. Mouse iPSCs on this composite matrix exhibit a more compact phenotype compared to cells on control gelatin substrate. We also demonstrated that the ERE-CBP supports proliferation and long-term self-renewal of mouse iPSCs for up to 17 passages without GSK3β (CHIR99021) and Erk (PD0325901) inhibitors. Overall, our engineered ECM protein, which is cost-effective to produce in prokaryotic origin and flexible to modify with other cell adhesion peptides or growth factors, provides a novel approach for expansion of mouse iPSCs in vitro.
Control of airflow about a high energy laser turret (1980)

A high energy laser system inflicts damage on a target by radiating large amounts of thermal energy onto a small area. Airflow about the laser turret, which is located on top of the aircraft fuselage, is unsteady and causes problems in beam control. The problems are jitter, which is vibration of the laser beam, and optical path distortions. The theory of flow around a cylinder and around a sphere was examined, and several airflow control techniques were screened in an effort to suppress the unsteadiness of the flow. A fairing and turret base suction apparatus was selected and experimentally tested in a wind tunnel. During the course of the experiments several parameters were varied as follows: blower flow rate, spacing between turret and fairing nosepiece, and flow rate in five separate ducts. Results of the tests indicate that the fairing and base suction technique eliminates the unsteadiness. Further research and testing are required to develop this technique for actual use on aircraft. (Author)
Optical Breakdown in Water and Ocular Media, and Its Use for Intraocular Photodisruption (2001)

Since its introduction into ophthalmology by Krasnov (1977), Fankhauser, et al. (1981), and Aron-Rosa, et al. (1980), photodisruption by short, intense laser pulses has come into widespread use because it makes noninvasive, intraocular microsurgery possible. This dissertation is devoted to a study of the physical mechanisms of photodisruption in water and ocular media for the purpose of determining the optimum laser parameters for existing laser surgical procedures and opening up possible new areas of application by shortening the laser pulse duration from the nanosecond to the picosecond or femtosecond range.
Hassallidins, antifungal glycolipopeptides, are widespread among cyanobacteria and are the end-product of a nonribosomal pathway (2014)

Significance New antifungal compounds are needed due to an increasing incidence of invasive fungal infections and resistance to many currently used drugs. Here we show that cyanobacteria are a rich source of antifungal compounds such as glycosylated lipopeptides, called hassallidins, which are commonly produced by filamentous nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria. A diverse group of hassallidins and their complex nonribosomal biosynthesis were characterized in detail. Hassallidins and their previously unidentified biosynthetic enzymes offer new material for drug development. In addition, these compounds may have an ecological role in protecting cyanobacteria from parasitic fungi.
Failure mechanisms in uncemented Kudo type 5 elbow prosthesis in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: 7 of 49 ulnar components revised because of loosening after 2–10 years (2007)

We found an unexpectedly high rate of loosening of the ulnar component, which was associated with intraoperative malpositioning of the prosthesis. The ulnar component of this prosthesis should not be inserted without cement in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
632. Studies in the azole series. Part XXIII. A new synthesis of 6-aminopurines (1949)

A. H. Cook and E. Smith, J. Chem. Soc., 1949, 3001 DOI: 10.1039/JR9490003001
Enhanced Frequency Regulation Using Multilevel Energy Storage in Remote Area Power Supply Systems (2018)

Frequency support from renewable power generators is critical requirement to ensure the frequency stability of remote area power supply (RAPS) systems with high penetration of renewable power generation. However, traditional control strategies and the stochastic nature of wind resource constrain wind energy conversion system (WECS) such as permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) from participating in frequency regulation. This work proposes to integrate hybrid energy storage including ultracapacitors (UCs) and lead-acid batteries (LABs) into a PMSG to provide frequency support. The UCs deal with fast changing frequency by emulating conventional inertial response, whereas the LABs mimic automatic governor response (i.e., primary frequency response). The mechanical power reserved in wind turbine using suboptimal maximum power point tracking strategy is utilized to restore system frequency (i.e., secondary frequency response). Moreover, supplementary control strategies are proposed to enable the UCs and LABs to assist primary frequency response and secondary frequency response, respectively. Simulation study and experimental test are carried out to validate the effectiveness of frequency response provided by the multilevel energy storage. The multilevel energy storage solution can effectively regulate RAPS system frequency while avoiding abrupt and frequent charging/discharging of the LABs and significant mechanical/electromagnetic stress on the WECS.
HtrA is a major virulence determinant of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (2011)

Summary We demonstrate that disruption of the htrA (high temperature requirement A) gene in either the virulent Bacillus anthracis Vollum (pXO1 + , pXO2 + ), or in the ΔVollum (pXO1 ‐ , pXO2 ‐ , nontoxinogenic and noncapsular) strains, affect significantly the ability of the resulting mutants to withstand heat, oxidative, ethanol and osmotic stress. The Δ htrA mutants manifest altered secretion of several proteins, as well as complete silencing of the abundant extracellular starvation‐associated neutral protease A (NprA). VollumΔ htrA bacteria exhibit delayed proliferation in a macrophage infection assay, and despite their ability to synthesize the major B. anthracis toxins LT (lethal toxin) and ET (oedema toxin) as well as the capsule, show a decrease of over six orders of magnitude in virulence (lethal dose 50% = 3 × 10 8 spores, in the guinea pig model of anthrax), as compared with the parental wild‐type strain. This unprecedented extent of loss of virulence in B. anthracis, as a consequence of deletion of a single gene, as well as all other phenotypic defects associated with htr A mutation, are restored in their corresponding trans‐complemented strains. It is suggested that the loss of virulence is due to increased susceptibility of the Δ htrA bacteria to stress insults encountered in the host. On a practical note, it is demonstrated that the attenuated Vollum Δ htr A is highly efficacious in protecting guinea pigs against a lethal anthrax challenge.
Analysis of Improved Transmittance in Fringe-Field Switching Mode Using Positive Liquid Crystal Incorporated with Chiral Dopant (2005)

We studied transmittance in fringe-field switching mode using positive liquid crystal with added chiral dopant. When a chiral dopant (the pitch orientation of whose is in the same direction as the dielectric torque N) is added, the transmittances at the center and near the edge of the structure increase owing to the increase in each average twist angle toward the optimal twist angle.
Colored object detection algorithm for visual-servoing application (2012)

A visual servoing application for automated object detection is described. This application is based on a computer vision algorithm that enables: the detection of colored objects, which are located on a conveyor pallet, the height calculation of these objects, the determination of their type, their position and orientation, in order for a SCARA robot to be able to manipulate them. The object detection algorithm developed with the help of Matlab software relies on the fact that the image segmentation operation is performed in the HSV color space. The camera calibration and the robot calibration methods used are also described.
Chaos shift keying : modulation and demodulation of a chaotic carrier using self-sychronizing chua"s circuits (1993)

Mots-clefs: chaos ; Non-Linear Signal Processing ; Communication a chaos Reference LANOS-CONF-1993-015Afficher la publication dans Web of Science Notice creee le 2004-12-03, modifiee le 2016-08-08
Measurement of skin‐fold thickness in the guinea pig (1993)

The rabbit has been used for decades for predictive testing of skin irritancy, but in recent years, the guinea pig has been suggested as an alternative, especially for assessment of one of the components of the irritant reaction: edema (fluid accumulation). A method based on skin-fold measurements with Harpenden calipers has been developed and modified. In previous papers, experience with sodium lauryl sulphate, nonanoic acid and industrial solvents was reported. The present results concern the use of cutting fluids, buffered and unbuffered acid and alkaline solutions, formalin and dimethyl sulfoxide. This inexpensive and comparatively unsophisticated method afforded clear dose-response relationships and good discriminating power. The only exception was the acid and alkaline solutions, where no changes in skin-fold thickness were observed despite their documented irritant potential. The appearance of erythema (visual scoring) and the increase in skin-fold thickness, and their relationship, are discussed with some illustrative examples. The method described is now well standardized and is suited for predictive testing of the edema-inducing capacity of chemicals and products.
Performance of a model cascade thrust reverser for short-haul applications (1974)

Aerodynamic and acoustic characteristics are presented for a cowlmounted, model cascade thrust reverser suitable for short-haul aircraft. Thrust reverser efficiency and the influence on fan performance were determined from isolated fan-driven models under static and forward velocity conditions. Cascade reverser noise characteristics were determined statically in an isolated pipe-flow test, while aerodynamic installation effects were determined with a wind-tunnel, fan-powered airplane model. Application of test results to short-haul aircraft calculations demonstrated that such a cascade thrust reverser may be able to meet both the performance and noise requirements for short-haul aircraft operation. However, aircraft installation effects can be quite significant.
Systems Biology of Human Atherosclerosis (2013)

Systems biology describes a holistic and integrative approach to understand physiology and pathology. The "omic" disciplines include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolic profiling (metabonomics and metabolomics). By adopting a stance, which is opposing (yet complimentary) to conventional research techniques, systems biology offers an overview by assessing the "net" biological effect imposed by a disease or nondisease state. There are a number of different organizational levels to be understood, from DNA to protein, metabolites, cells, organs and organisms, even beyond this to an organism's context. Systems biology relies on the existence of "nodes" and "edges." Nodes are the constituent part of the system being studied (eg, proteins in the proteome), while the edges are the way these constituents interact. In future, it will be increasingly important to collaborate, collating data from multiple studies to improve data sets, making them freely available and undertaking integrative analyses.
Designing the focal plane spacing for multifocal plane microscopy (2014)

Multifocal plane microscopy (MUM) has made it possible to study subcellular dynamics in 3D at high temporal and spatial resolution by simultaneously imaging distinct planes within the specimen. MUM allows high accuracy localization of a point source along the z-axis since it overcomes the depth discrimination problem of conventional single plane microscopy. An important question in MUM experiments is how the number of focal planes and their spacings should be chosen to achieve the best possible localization accuracy along the z-axis. Here, we propose approaches based on the Fisher information matrix and report spacing scenarios called strong coupling and weak coupling which yield an appropriate 3D localization accuracy. We examine the effect of numerical aperture, magnification, photon count, emission wavelength and extraneous noise on the spacing scenarios. In addition, we investigate the effect of changing the number of focal planes on the 3D localization accuracy. We also introduce a new software package that provides a user-friendly framework to find appropriate plane spacings for a MUM setup. These developments should assist in optimizing MUM experiments.