gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Composition of the antigenic material removed from Campylobacter jejuni by heat (1984)

The antigenic material removed form Campylobacter jejuni by the boiling of whole cells in saline was examined biochemically. Analyses showed that the extracted material contained 3 micrograms of protein per ml per mg of wet cells and ca. 2.6 micrograms of carbohydrate per ml per mg of wet cells. Further extraction of the material with chloroform-methanol produced about 0.5 microgram of water-insoluble residue per ml per mg of wet cells, suggesting the presence of lipid as well. Additional analyses revealed the presence of hexose, pentose, heptose, hexosamine, and 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonic acid, and the extract was also positive by the Limulus amoebocyte lysate assay for lipopolysaccharide. An examination by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that at least 10 different protein bands could be detected. One of the major bands corresponded to the major outer membrane protein, as determined by comparison with an outer membrane protein preparation by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Another major protein in the heated extract corresponded to a band previously shown to be flagellin. An analysis of the time course of the release of material showed that a significant amount was removed after 3 to 10 min at 100 degrees C, but the release of material seemed to be delayed at lower temperatures. These results show that the treatment of C. jejuni with heat produces a complex mixture of components, including cell wall lipopolysaccharide, the major outer membrane protein, and flagellin. It is likely that some cytoplasmic components are present as well. Blebs of outer membrane have been observed with this organism by electron microscopy. Our results confirm this and suggest that the heating of cells accelerates this blebbing process.
Legal Education and American Law Institute (1924)

During the last three years there have been two developments in the legal profession that have reached the stage of achievement and that promise to have far-reaching consequence. One is the effort to raise the standards of legal education, and the other to improve the law and bring it into harmony with modern life through its restatement.
Sexual Harassment in PhD Supervision (1998)

Abstract This article analyses the previously unresearched dynamics of sexual harassment in cross-gender, one-to-one PhD supervision in a UK social science faculty education department. I discuss two women research students' reflections on their supervisory relationships with a sexually harassing male supervisor, including the processes of obtaining a supervisor and the establishment or curtailment of the relationship. When students decide whether or not to be supervised by a particular individual there is a tension between personal compatibility and relevant research expertise. Once the relationship is established there is a further tension because the boundaries between discussions about academic work and personal life are so easily blurred. In particular, it is suggested that the sexually harassing male supervisor cannot simply be viewed as an aberration, for his exploits reveal a strategic exploitation of conditions which are actually integral and arguably necessary to this distinctive academic relationship.
Polarization Fading Effects In Polarization-Preserving Fiber Ring Resonators. (1990)

A theoretical model is developed of ring resonators made from polarization preserving and polarizing fiber. The model predicts significant output variation with temperature, as a result of small amounts of polarization crosstalk in the coupler. It also allows determination of the polarizing fiber attenuation necessary for eliminating the output variation. Finally, a resonator configuration made from polarization preserving fiber is proposed, that shows greatly improved temperature stability without the use of polarizers.
Using PlanetLab for network research (2006)

PlanetLab is a continuously-evolving global network research testbed that is simultaneously used by hundreds of researchers for diverse tasks, ranging from short-term self-contained experiments among PlanetLab nodes to continuously-running Web-accessible services with tens of thousands of non-PlanetLab users. While PlanetLab cannot provide a perfectly-customized environment for every experiment, it has been changing over time, and the base of knowledge of how to best utilize it has also been growing. As a result, many of the early observations researchers made about PlanetLab would change if rechecked today. In this paper, we discuss these issues and explain whether they remain, have been addressed via PlanetLab's evolution, or can be avoided by the use of best practices. Where possible, we provide quantitative evidence showing the realities of PlanetLab and possible research avenues to further broaden the opportunities for using PlanetLab in network research.
Focused image creation algorithms for digital holograms of macroscopic three-dimensional objects (2008)

When a digital hologram is reconstructed only points located at the reconstruction distance are in-focus. We have developed a novel technique for creating an in-focus image of the macroscopic objects encoded in a digital hologram.
Synthesis and characterization of a chitosan derivative (976.3) (2014)

Chitosan, a polymer of N-acetylglucosamine, has been shown to have activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria at low pH. However, chitosan is insoluble at physiological pH, reducing its utility as an antimicrobial agent. Poly (acetyl, arginyl) glucosamine (PAAG), a chitosan-arginine conjugate soluble at physiological pH, has been synthesized and shown to have similar antibacterial activity. PAAG’s solubility at physiological pH may be attributed to the guanidinium moiety’s positive charge, but the effect of the guanidinium on the polymer’s bioactivity is unclear. In order to explore the effects of positive charge on chitosan conjugates’ solubility and activity, we have synthesized an ornithine-chitosan conjugate and investigated its antimicrobial activity. We present a synthetic route toward the ornithine-chitosan conjugate and data regarding the conjugate’s antimicrobial activity.
First Preparation and Structural Determination of Optically Pure Cyclic Polysulfides, 6,10-Diethyl Trithiolo[<i>h</i>]benzopentathiepin Monooxides (1999)

Abstract Optically pure cyclic polysulfides, 6,10-diethyl trithiolo[h]benzopentathiepin 7-oxides (4) and (5) were prepared by asymmetric oxidation of 6,10-diethyl trithiolo[h]benzopentathiepin. The structure of 4 and 5 was determined by X-ray crystallographic analysis and the configuration was confirmed as R configuration on the sulfinyl sulfur atoms.
The C++ embeddable rule system (2002)

Most rule execution environments, having been derived from LISP, inference on internally defined data types and come packaged with stand-alone development environments. Data derived from outside these systems must be reformatted before they can be evaluated. This mismatch leads to a duplicate representation of data, which, in turn, introduces both performance and semantic problems. A description is given of a C++ embeddable rule system (CERS) which avoid this mismatch. CERS is a compiled, forward-chaining rule system that inferences directly on arbitrary C++ objects. CERS can be viewed as an extension of C++, where object methods can be defined either procedurally or declaratively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of New Benzo‐naphtho‐1,4‐diazepines. (1983)

Abstract Die Kondensation des Naphthylketocarbonsäureesters (I) mit o‐Phenylendiamin (II) liefert den Benzonaphtho‐diazepincarbonsäureester (III), der mit den Aminen (IV) zu den Carbonsäureamiden (V) umgesetzt wird.
Thioredoxin overexpression prevents NO-induced reduction of NO synthase activity in lung endothelial cells (1998)

We recently reported that nitric oxide (NO) induces posttranscriptional modulation of lung endothelial cell NO synthase (ecNOS) that results in loss of activity. The loss of activity can be reversed by the redox regulatory proteins thioredoxin (Thx)/thioredoxin reductase (Thx-R). The present study was designed to examine whether diminished expression of endogenous Thx and Thx-R may account for regulation of ecNOS activity in NO-exposed cells and whether overexpression of Thx can prevent NO-induced reduction of ecNOS activity in cultured porcine pulmonary artery endothelial cells (PAEC). Exposure to 8.5 ppm NO gas for 24 h resulted in an 80% decrease of Thx and a 27% decrease of Thx-R mRNA expression. Similarly, NO exposure caused 30 and 50% reductions in Thx and Thx-R protein mass, respectively. This NO-induced decrease in the expression of Thx-R mRNA and protein was accompanied by a significant (P < 0.05) decrease in the catalytic activity of Thx-R but not of glutaredoxin or the cellular levels of reduced glutathione and oxidized glutathione. Overexpression of Thx gene in PAEC was achieved by transient transfection of these cells with pcDNA 3.1 vector inserted in sense or antisense (native) orientation in a human Thx cDNA. Thx mRNA and protein contents in transfected cells were four- and threefold higher, respectively, than those in native PAEC. Exposure of native cells to 10 microM NO solution for 30 min resulted in a significant (P < 0.01) loss of ecNOS activity, whereas ecNOS activity was comparable in Thx-overexpressed cells with or without NO exposure. These results demonstrate that NO exposure results in diminished expression of Thx and Thx-R in PAEC. Endogenous levels of Thx are critical to restoring the NO-induced loss of ecNOS activity because overexpression of Thx prevented the NO-induced loss of ecNOS catalytic activity. These results also demonstrate that NO modulation of ecNOS and Thx proteins is regulated by a physiologically relevant redox mechanism.
Real-Time Scheduling for GPUs with Applications in Advanced Automotive Systems (2019)

Self-driving cars, once constrained to closed test tracks, are beginning to drive alongside human drivers on public roads. Loss of life or property may result if the computing systems of automated vehicles fail to respond to events at the right moment. We call such systems that must satisfy precise timing constraints “real-time systems.” Since the 1960s, researchers have developed algorithms and analytical techniques used in the development of real-time systems; however, this body of knowledge primarily applies to traditional CPU-based platforms. Unfortunately, traditional platforms cannot meet the computational requirements of self-driving cars without exceeding the power and cost constraints of commercially viable vehicles. We argue that modern graphics processing units, or GPUs, represent a feasible alternative, but new algorithms and analytical techniques must be developed in order to integrate these uniquely constrained processors into a real-time system. The goal of the research presented in this dissertation is to discover and remedy the issues that prevent the use of GPUs in real-time systems. To overcome these issues, we design and implement a real-time multi-GPU scheduler, called GPUSync. GPUSync tightly controls access to a GPU’s computational and DMA processors, enabling simultaneous use despite potential limitations in GPU hardware. GPUSync enables tasks to migrate among GPUs, allowing new classes of real-time multi-GPU computing platforms. GPUSync employs heuristics to guide scheduling decisions to improve system efficiency without risking violations in real-time constraints. GPUSync may be paired with a wide variety of common real-time CPU schedulers. GPUSync supports closed-source GPU runtimes and drivers without loss in functionality. We evaluate GPUSync with both analytical and runtime experiments. In our analytical experiments, we model and evaluate over fifty configurations of GPUSync. We determine which configurations support the greatest computational capacity while maintaining real-time constraints. In our runtime experiments, we execute computer vision programs similar to those found in automated vehicles, with and without GPUSync. Our results demonstrate that GPUSync greatly reduces jitter in video processing. Research into real-time systems with GPUs is a new area of study. Although there is prior work on such systems, no other GPU scheduling framework is as comprehensive and flexible as GPUSync.
Preparation and properties of p-type semi-transparent conductive nickel oxide films (2010)

The NiO films were sputtered by radio frequency (rf) reactive magnetron sputtering with different O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> partial pressure. The electric resistivity (ρ) of NiO films continuously decreases from 0.45 to 0.01 Ω-cm as the O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> partial pressure is increased from 10 to 100 %. On the other hand, the transmittance also decreases continuously from 96.33% to 32.93 % as the O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> partial pressure increases from 0 to 100%. The lattice parameter of NiO films increases with increasing the O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> partial pressures, but the crystallization of the films decreases significantly.
Competitive energy and electron-transfer quenching of excited ruthenium polypyridyls by ferrocene derivatives (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCompetitive energy and electron-transfer quenching of excited ruthenium polypyridyls by ferrocene derivativesEric J. Lee and Mark S. WrightonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 22, 8562–8564Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00022a076https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00022a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views430Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Orientation-Resolved Chemical Kinetics:  Using Microfabrication to Unravel the Complicated Chemistry of KOH/Si Etching (2002)

Microfabricated test patterns are used to measure the orientation-dependent rates of KOH/silicon etching of 180 surfaces in the Si[110] zone. The concentration and temperature dependence of the reaction is quantified, and a pronounced kinetic isotope effect is observed for all orientations. Although the kinetics of the KOH etching of silicon are complicated, the magnitude of the kinetic isotope effect, the morphology of the macrosteps on vicinal Si(111) surfaces, the pronounced hydrophobicity and H-termination of the etched surfaces are all consistent with a chemical mechanism that is rate-limited by cleavage of a Si−H bond by OH-. There is no evidence of a gross change in chemical mechanism with surface orientation. Silicon surfaces in the [110] zone can be divided into four regions of similar reactivity: vicinal Si(100), vicinal Si(110), and two types of vicinal Si(111) surfaces. Within each region, all surfaces display remarkably similar chemical kinetics. These regions are separated by morphological transitions of unknown origin. The orientations of the morphological transitions are temperature dependent, which implies that they are not associated with surface structural transitions, such as reconstructions. The etch rate of vicinal Si(111) surfaces is well fit by a simple step flow model; however, etching-induced step bunching is also observed. The observed kinetics are inconsistent with existing theoretical models of step bunching. Low miscut vicinal Si(110) surfaces have very isotropic etch rates, which are attributed to etching induced faceting. The macroscopic etch rate displays markedly non-Arrhenius behavior (the etch anisotropy actually increases with temperature!), and the concentration dependence cannot be fit by a simple empirical rate law. These phenomena are attributed to the multisite nature of the etching reaction.
Emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate. II (1970)

Abstract The emulsion polymerization of vinyl acetate was investigated at low ionic strengths and has quite unusual kinetics. The rate of polymerization is dependent on the initiator concentration to the first power and independent of soap concentration. In seeded polymerizations, the rate of polymerization depends on initiator to the 0.8 power, particle concentration to the 0.2 power, and monomer volume to 0.35 power. In all cases the rate of polymerization is almost independent of monomer concentration in the particles until 85–90% conversion. These results were rationalized by the following mechanism: (a) polymerization initiates in the aqueous phase because of the solubility of the monomer and is stabilized there by adsorption of ionic soap on the growing polymer molecule; (b) the growing polymer is swept up by a particle at a degree of polymerization (under our conditions) of about 50–200. Growth continues in the particle. This sweep‐up is activation‐controlled as both particle and polymer are charged. (c) Chain transfer to the acetyl group of monomer gives a new small radical which cyclizes to the water‐soluble butyrolactonyl radical, and reinitiates polymerization in the aqueous phase; (d) the main termination step is reaction of an uncharged butyrolactonyl radical with a growing aqueous polymer radical. A secondary reaction at low ionic strength is sweep‐up of an aqueous radical by a particle containing a radical. At high ionic strength, this is the major termination step. The unusual kinetic steps are justified by data from the literature. They are combined with the usual mechanisms operating for vinyl acetate polymerization and kinetic equations are derived and integrated. The integral equations were compared with the experimental data and shown to match it almost completely over the whole range of experimental variables.
WAD: A Feasibility study using the Wicked Audio Debugger (2007)

Contemporary programmers have a predominately visual experience. Computer code is read from sophisticated text editors, analyzed using visual tools, designed using UML, and debugged using a watch window. Little research has attempted to create tools for the non-sighted programmer, using either haptic or aural feedback. In this paper, we present WAD, the wicked audio debugger, a new debugger for Microsoft Visual Studio 2005 that sonifies computer code as an aid to the programmer. This paper has two primary contributions, namely the tool itself and the results of a feasibility study. We conducted this feasibility study to test participants' ability to comprehend dynamic program behavior, including tracking the value of state variables and control flow. Results of our feasibility study show that participants were able to comprehend approximately 86% of dynamic program behavior using audio only.
Measured and computed performance of a microstrip filter composed of semi-insulating GaAs on a fused quartz substrate (1991)

The performance of a microstrip hammerhead filter that has been fabricated on an electrically thin layer of semiinsulating GaAs backed by a fused quartz substrate was measured and compared to results of a three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) program used to calculate the response of the filter both with and without the GaAs layer. The program, presented by D.M. Sheen et al. (IEEE Trans. Microwave Theory and Techniques, vol.38, no.7, p.849-57, 1990), discretizes the entire structure and then simulates the propagation of a Gaussian pulse through the filter. The microstrip filter is intended for applications involving ultra-thin lifted-off or etched-back GaAs containing both active devices and passive microstrip circuitry backed by a much thicker mechanically rigid low-loss, low-dielectric-constant substrate. The low-pass characteristics of the hammerhead filter with the intermediate GaAs layer are compared with those of the same filter on quartz alone. Both the measured and computed data show a significant shift in cutoff frequency ( approximately=10% at the 3 dB points) for a GaAs layer that is 0.007 wavelengths thick at 4 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
WebSpy: An Architecture for Monitoring Web Server Availability in a Multi-Platform Environment (2002)

An international association advancing the multidisciplinary study of informing systems. Founded in 1998, the Informing Science Institute (ISI) is a global community of academics shaping the future of informing science.
Counteraction of Type 1 Diabetic Alterations by Engineering Skeletal Muscle to Produce Insulin (2002)

Insulin replacement therapy in type 1 diabetes is imperfect because proper glycemic control is not always achieved. Most patients develop microvascular, macrovascular, and neurological complications, which increase with the degree of hyperglycemia. Engineered muscle cells continuously secreting basal levels of insulin might be used to improve the efficacy of insulin treatment. Here we examined the control of glucose homeostasis in healthy and diabetic transgenic mice constitutively expressing mature human insulin in skeletal muscle. Fed transgenic mice were normoglycemic and normoinsulinemic and, after an intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test, showed increased glucose disposal. When treated with streptozotocin (STZ), transgenic mice showed increased insulinemia and reduced hyperglycemia when fed and normoglycemia and normoinsulinemia when fasted. Injection of low doses of soluble insulin restored normoglycemia in fed STZ-treated transgenic mice, while STZ-treated controls remained highly hyperglycemic, indicating that diabetic transgenic mice were more sensitive to the hypoglycemic effects of insulin. Furthermore, STZ-treated transgenic mice presented normalization of both skeletal muscle and liver glucose metabolism. These results indicate that skeletal muscle may be a key target tissue for insulin production and suggest that muscle cells secreting basal levels of insulin, in conjunction with insulin therapy, may permit tight regulation of glycemia.