gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
국제환경법상 우리나라의 법적 지위 -선진국과 개도국의 구분을 중심으로- (2007)

한 국가의 환경오염이 정치적 경계선에 불과한 국경에 한정되지 않고 인접국 또는 지구의 환경에 직·간접적인 영향을 미치기 때문에, 역으로 지구환경보호에 관한 국제적 논의결과는 곧바로 국내 환경법과 환경정책에 영향을 미치게 된다. 국제환경법은 ‘차별적 공동책임’이라는 원칙하에 선진국과 개발도상국 간의 차별적인 의무체계를 형성하고 있다. 차별적 공동책임은 모든 국가에게 공동의 환경보호책임을 확인하면서도 지구환경문제에 대한 선진국과 개발도상국 간의 역사적 책임의 차이와 환경문제를 다룰 수 있는 경제적·기술적 능력의 차이를 인정하여 국제의무를 차별화한다는 것이다. 그 예로써 선진국의 개발도상국에 대한 환경기술이전과 재정지원 등이 논의되어 왔다. 문제는 우리나라의 지위이다. 선진국과 개발도상국의 지위에 따른 국제환경의무의 차이만큼이나 우리 나라의 국제적 환경정책 또한 달라질 것이기 때문이다. 그 어느 국제법도 선진국과 개발도상국의 구분 기준을 명확히 확립하지 못하였다. WTO는 개발도상국 지위결정을 자기선택에 맡기고 있으며, 국제환경법에서는 협상능력에 따라 그 지위가 좌우되곤 한다. 결국 일반국제법 차원에서 우리나라의 지위가 고정될 수없으며, 정부는 선진국 또는 개발도상국의 지위를 전략적 차원에서 선택할 수 있다. 우리나라가 스스로 개발도상국임을 주장하여 국제의무의 부담을 줄이는 것도 좋은 선택일 수 있겠지만, 각종 경제지표 및 환경오염지표에서 10위권을 유지하고 있는 우리나라의 규모에 비추어볼 때 우리나라의 현실은 선진국에 가깝다고 보여진다. 친환경기술 및 상품의 개발이라는 적극적 정책이 개도국 주장이라는 방어적 정책보다 우선이다.
Continuous Locomotion-Mode Identification for Prosthetic Legs Based on Neuromuscular–Mechanical Fusion (2011)

In this study, we developed an algorithm based on neuromuscular-mechanical fusion to continuously recognize a variety of locomotion modes performed by patients with transfemoral (TF) amputations. Electromyographic (EMG) signals recorded from gluteal and residual thigh muscles and ground reaction forces/moments measured from the prosthetic pylon were used as inputs to a phase-dependent pattern classifier for continuous locomotion-mode identification. The algorithm was evaluated using data collected from five patients with TF amputations. The results showed that neuromuscular-mechanical fusion outperformed methods that used only EMG signals or mechanical information. For continuous performance of one walking mode (i.e., static state), the interface based on neuromuscular-mechanical fusion and a support vector machine (SVM) algorithm produced 99% or higher accuracy in the stance phase and 95% accuracy in the swing phase for locomotion-mode recognition. During mode transitions, the fusion-based SVM method correctly recognized all transitions with a sufficient predication time. These promising results demonstrate the potential of the continuous locomotion-mode classifier based on neuromuscular-mechanical fusion for neural control of prosthetic legs.
Rapidec Carba NP Test for Rapid Detection of Carbapenemase Producers (2015)

Performances of the Rapidec Carba NP test (bioMérieux) were evaluated for detection of all types of carbapenemases in Enterobacteriaceae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In less than 2 h after sample preparation, it showed a sensitivity and specificity of 96%. This ready-to-use test is well adapted to the daily need for detection of carbapenemase producers in any laboratory worldwide.
A 2.4-GHz +25dBm P-1dB linear power amplifier with dynamic bias control in a 65-nm CMOS process (2008)

A 2.4 GHz linear CMOS power amplifier (PA) for OFDM WLAN application in 65 nm CMOS technology is presented. The cascode PA operating from 3.3 V employs the proposed asymmetric lightly doped drain MOSFET (A-LDD) structure as common-gate stage to sustain large signal stress and 1.2 V core device as common source stage to provide high frequency operation. Beside, dynamic bias technique is used not only to increase efficiency but also improve the linearity. In the measurement, the breakdown voltage of the A-LDD MOSFET can achieve 6.2 V compared to standard I/O device of 5 V. A PA EVM of -29 dB is achieved at output power of 17 dBm with DC current of 173 mA from 3.3 V supply. Also, it reveals the output P1 dB of PA is 25.3 dBm.
Neue Verbindungs‐Bibliotheken: Pseudobiopolymere und Diversomere (1994)

Die Suche nach Leitstrukturen vereinfachen dürften Bibliotheken, die aus nichtnatürlichen Verbindungen bestehen, da die mit ihnen ermittelten Leitstrukturen weniger Modifikationen erforderlich machen sollten, um zum Wirkstoff zu gelangen, als die aus Peptid‐ und Oligonucleotid‐Bibliotheken abgeleiteten. Eine von Cho et al. beschriebene Oligocarbamat‐Bibliothek und eine von Hobbs DeWitt et al. vorgestellte Benzodiazepin‐Bibliothek sollten den Weg zu einer Vielzahl von Verbindungs‐Bibliotheken gewiesen haben.
Regulation of Carcinogen Metabolism in the Rat Ovary by the Estrous Cycle and Gonadotropin (1983)

The activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase in the rat ovary is several times higher in the proestrous phase of the estrous cycle than in the estrous and metestrous plus diestrous phases. Administration of gonadotropin leads to a similar increase in the capacity of the ovary to metabolize xenobiotics. This variation in the activity of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene hydroxylase during the estrous cycle may be related to the marked changes in the incidence of ovarian cancer during menopause and in women taking contraceptive pills.
The sickle erythrocyte in double jeopardy: autoxidation and iron decompartmentalization. (1990)

Despite its obvious utility and normal resilience, Hb poses a potential hazard through its latent ability to deliver heme or iron to susceptible cellular sites. For the sickle RBC this risk is derived from the instability of HbS, which not only subjects the cell to accelerated generation of oxygen radicals, but also results in decompartmentalization of cellular iron
A video-based system for acquiring biomechanical data synchronized with arbitrary events and activities (1995)

A video-based data acquisition and interactive multimedia data extraction system are described for measuring and synchronizing large quantities of biomechanical analog data with arbitrary events and activities. Analog signals from up to 32 channels are digitized, frequency-shift key (FSK) coded, and recorded directly onto the audio tracks of a video tape in synchronization with the video information. The data acquisition system includes an A/D converter that digitizes up to 16 multiplexed channels of 8-b data at a fixed sample rate between 60 and 960 Hz, and an FSK modem that transfers the data onto one of two VHS high fidelity (20 Hz-20 kHz bandwidth) audio tracks. Twenty megabytes of digitized data and time codes, along with associated video and normal audio are contained on a conventional 120-min video tape. An analyst interactively reviews the video tape off-line using a computer-controlled VCR and identifies specific events that divide arbitrary activities into time segments. The computer automatically extracts the biomechanical data corresponding to each time segment for further processing or analysis. This system is useful for ergonomics, gait analysis, sports medicine, sleep laboratory, biomechanics, or any application where complex visual events are synchronized with low-frequency analog data.
Studies of the electrical and interface properties of the metal contacts to CuInSe2 single crystals (1990)

The electrical behavior of the metal contacts and ITO and CdS junctions to single crystals of CuInSe2 has been studied using I–V and electron beam induced current measurements, then correlated to the chemical composition and intrinsic defect states in the semiconductor. The results have indicated that the contact resistance, junction characteristics, and crystalline order of surfaces are controlled mainly by the type and relative concentration of the intrinsic defect states dominating the copper-indium-deselenide material; these states are very sensitive to heat treatments and surface preparation procedures. Correlation between the behavior of different samples (polycrystalline thin films or single crystals) should be based upon similarities in the type and relative concentration of the chemical composition.
COVID-19 and its Implications for Women In Gaming: Move Towards Regulation, Policies, and Culture Changes in the United States (2021)

COVID-19 exposes structural inequalities within American society which can no longer be ignored. Here, we highlight the structural inequalities women and women of color face that are glaringly apparent or exacerbated in the pandemic. Inequalities that play a role in the unemployment, insufficient workplace protection, and increased work-life demands of women and women of color in the gaming industry. Instead of returning to “normal” business post-pandemic, we urge gaming leaders to reflect on these inequities within their workplaces. We offer that guaranteed paid leave and permanent flexible work arrangements could improve the life of gaming women employees and their families.
Laboratory Analyses in the Diagnosis of Human Allergic Disease (1997)

The clinical immunology laboratory provides support to the allergist in the diagnosis and management of human allergic diseases. Following a clinical history, the detection of allergen-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) in serum can be useful in the definitive diagnosis of an IgE antibody-mediated hypersensitivity. Total serum IgE, the multiallergen screen, and mast cell tryptase are less commonly measured analytes in the work-up of the allergic patient. More recently, the clinical laboratory has employed monoclonal antibody based-enzyme immunoassays to quantify dust mite, cat, dog, and cockroach indicator aeroallergen levels in indoor home and work environments. Levels of allergenic proteins in environmental and medical/consumer products are measured by other assays such as the competitive inhibition radioallergosorbent test. Methods of quantification, internal quality control, and external proficiency testing programs are emphasized in this report.
Mechanisms of Nitrosourea-Induced β-Cell Damage: Alterations in DNA (1986)

The initial step in streptozocin (STZ)-induced beta-cell toxicity has been hypothesized to be the alkylation of specific sites on DNA bases. The enzymatic removal of these lesions results in single-strand breaks that over-activate the nuclear enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase and critically deplete the cell of NAD. Our studies were performed to quantitatively evaluate the extent of DNA damage in beta-cells and correlate this damage with toxicity. Monolayer cultures of neonatal rat beta-cells were used to determine cytotoxicity and DNA damage after exposure to STZ or the aglycone N-methyl-N-nitrosourea (MNU). Toxicity in beta-cells was determined by correlating morphological alterations observed by phase-contrast microscopy with decrements in immunoreactive insulin release. The extent of DNA damage was determined by alterations in nucleoid density and quantitation of N7-methylguanine formation. Toxicity tests revealed that STZ and MNU were not toxic at equimolar concentrations. Streptozocin was toxic at 10(-3) M, whereas only mild toxicity was observed with MNU at 10(-2) M. Surprisingly, however, at equimolar concentrations the two drugs caused comparable DNA-strand breaks as evidenced by their ability to shift the nucleoid migration ratio in neutral sucrose gradients. Additionally, quantitation of N7-methylguanine formation after exposure to equimolar concentrations of the drugs demonstrated that the two alkylated DNA to the same extent. These findings suggest that factors in addition to the activation of poly(ADP-ribose) synthetase must be responsible for the toxicity seen with STZ, because MNU at a nonlethal concentration is capable of causing comparable DNA damage.
Quantum Dot-Based Lateral Flow Test Strips for Highly Sensitive Detection of the Tetanus Antibody (2019)

Tetanus possesses a high infection rate and remains a leading cause of infection in some developing countries. To reduce tetanus infection, point-of-care (POC) monitoring of the serum tetanus antibody level is highly desired. Here, we report fluorescent lateral flow test strips (LFTS) for simple, sensitive, and rapid detection of the tetanus antibody. By using a sandwich immunoreaction, LFTS are easily prepared. In the existence of the tetanus antibody, goat anti-human IgG (Fc)-labeled quantum dots (QDs) are captured on the test line via the formation of a sandwich structure complex of QD-labeled goat anti-human IgG (Fc)–tetanus antibody–tetanus antigens. The assay can be completed in 30 min. These LFTS possess high sensitivity for tetanus antibody detection, with a detection limit of 0.001 IU mL–1, which is 10 times lower than that of the Au nanoparticle-based test strip. The developed sensing system was also successfully applied for detection of the tetanus antibody in the human serum. Moreover, these strips can retain their specificity and sensitivity for at least 4 months when they are stored at 4 °C. All these results demonstrated that the LFTS can be used for detection of the tetanus antibody, and they exhibit great promise for in-field and POC application.
Susadrin transmucosal tablets (Nitroglycerin in Synchron® controlled-release base) (1983)

(1983). Susadrin transmucosal tablets (Nitroglycerin in Synchron® controlled-release base) Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy: Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 1359-1377.
Programmed sedimentation field-flow fractionation (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProgrammed sedimentation field-flow fractionationFrank J. F. Yang, Marcus N. Myers, and J. Calvin. GiddingsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1974, 46, 13, 1924–1930Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60349a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60349a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views135Altmetric-Citations74LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Strategies for Source-to-Source Constant Propagation (2002)

Data-flow optimizations are usually implemented on low-level intermediate representations. This is not appropriate for source-to-source optimizations, which reconstruct a source level program after transformation. In this paper we show how constant propagation, a well known data-flow optimization problem, can be implemented on abstract syntax trees in Stratego, a rewriting system extended with programmable rewriting strategies for the control over the application of rules and dynamic rewrite rules for the propagation of information.
APIC: a generic interface for sequencing projects. (1995)

In this paper, we describe the APIC graphical interface that aims at displaying the results produced by the genomic sequence analysis methods and at helping a comparison of these results. The major feature of APIC lies in its genericity. As a matter of fact, this interface can obviously be used to visualise genetic or physical maps but it also able to display other kinds of information such as curves or pictures. On the one hand, APIC provides the biologist who builds a new sequence analysis method with a standard interface allowing to display his results. Thus, he can avoid implementing a specific visualisation tool. On the other hand, even when the methods already have their own interfaces, using APIC has the advantage of giving a homogeneous way to compare several results coming from different analysis tools. Moreover, it provides some powerful functions for navigating and browsing into the results.
Potential use of additivity of mutational effects in simplifying protein engineering. (1996)

The problem of rationally engineering protein molecules can be simplified where effects of mutations on protein function are additive. Crystal structures of single and double mutants in the hydrophobic core of gene V protein indicate that structural and functional effects of core mutations are additive when the regions structurally influenced by the mutations do not substantially overlap. These regions of influence can provide a simple basis for identifying sets of mutations that will show additive effects.
Gene expression changes in an in vitro model of chondroinduction: a comparison of two methods (2003)

There are many useful technologies to describe patterns of gene expression that occur during tissue repair and regeneration. Results from different methods used in one experimental setting are not often compared. In this case study of chondrogenesis, we compare two methods to identify differentially expressed genes, representational difference analysis and targeted macroarray analysis, as a model for investigating genes that may be relevant to tissue repair. We sought to identify genes whose expression was altered when human dermal fibroblasts were cultured in a three-dimensional, porous collagen sponge with the chondroinductive agent, demineralized bone. Both representational difference analysis and macroarray experiments revealed several functional families of genes as up-regulated or down-regulated in chondroinduced fibroblasts. An advantage of representational difference analysis is that altered expression of specific mRNA transcripts can be revealed. In this example, representational difference analysis uncovered the up-regulation of a specific transcript of Wnt5a in fibroblasts cultured with demineralized bone. Representational difference analysis is limited, however, as there can be false negatives for genes not readily amplified by polymerase chain reaction. We conclude that small arrays containing functional classes of genes can be used to ask specific, hypothesis-driven questions at minimal cost. It may be prudent, however, to use more than one method to survey differences in gene expression in order to validate and expand findings.
Organic, polymer, and organic/inorganic hybrid light-emitting devices based on phosphorescent fluorinated platinum(II) porphyrin (2004)

Efficient and highly saturated red organic, polymer and white organic/inorganic hybrid light-emitting devices (OLEDs, PLEDs and OIHLEDs) employing platinum(II) meso-tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl) porphyrin (PtF<sub>20</sub>TPP) are reported. The presence of fluorine atoms on the periphery of porphyrin ring suppresses the self-quenching behavior and improves the electron mobility, solubility, and stability of PtF<sub>20</sub>TPP. Both the PLEDs and OLEDs give a red emission with a peak maximum at 650 nm (full width at half maximum = 26 nm) and a shoulder at 705 nm. The maximum external quantum efficiency (hext), luminous efficiency (hL), and brightness of the 2.1 wt% PtF20TPP-doped PLED are 3.2%, 1.1 cd/A, 350 cd/m<sup>2</sup> respectively; while those for the 4.0 wt% PtF20TPP-doped OLEDs are 5.1%, 1.5 cd/A, 890 cd/m<sup>2</sup>. The efficiency and luminous power efficiency (hP) of luminescence conversion of white OIHLEDs based on near-ultraviolet (n-UV) light GaN-LEDs as light source, tris-(8-hydroxyquinolato) aluminum (Alq<sub>3</sub>) as green emitter, and PtF<sub>20</sub>TPP as red emitter are 3.3% and 10 lm/W, respectively.
Continuous Self‐Healing Life Cycle in Vascularized Structural Composites (2014)

By incorporating 3D microvascular networks containing a two-part reactive chemistry within a fiber-reinforced composite, continuous cycles of self-healing after interlaminar delamination are achieved. An interpenetrating vasculature shows improved in situ fluid mixing over segregated microchannels, resulting in full recovery (>100%) of mode-I fracture resistance.
Green composites reinforced with hemp nanocrystals in plasticized starch (2008)

Abstract New nanocomposite films were prepared from a mixed suspension of hemp cellulose nanocrystals (HCNs) and thermoplastic starch, or plasticized starch (PS), by the casting and evaporating method. The morphology, thermal behavior, mechanical properties, and water sensitivity of the films were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy, wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, tensile testing, contact angle measurements, and water absorption. The results indicate that the cellulose nanocrystals dispersed in the PS matrix homogeneously and resulted in an increase in the glass‐transition temperature ascribed to the fact that the flexibility of the starch molecular chains in the starch‐rich phase was reduced because of the strong intermolecular interactions between the starch and stiff HCNs. The films exhibited significant increases in the tensile strength and Young's modulus, from 3.9 to 11.5 MPa and from 31.9 to 823.9 MPa, respectively, with increasing HCN content from 0 to 30 wt %. In addition to the improvement in mechanical properties, the incorporation of HCNs into the PS matrix also led to a decrease in the water sensitivity of the final composite materials. Therefore, the HCNs played an important role in improving the mechanical properties and water resistance of the starch‐based material. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008
Targeting extra-oral bitter taste receptors modulates gastrointestinal motility with effects on satiation (2015)

Bitter taste receptors (TAS2Rs) are present in extra-oral tissues, including gut endocrine cells. This study explored the presence and mechanism of action of TAS2R agonists on gut smooth muscle in vitro and investigated functional effects of intra-gastric administration of TAS2R agonists on gastric motility and satiation. TAS2Rs and taste signalling elements were expressed in smooth muscle tissue along the mouse gut and in human gastric smooth muscle cells (hGSMC). Bitter tastants induced concentration and region-dependent contractility changes in mouse intestinal muscle strips. Contractions induced by denatonium benzoate (DB) in gastric fundus were mediated via increases in intracellular Ca(2+) release and extracellular Ca(2+)-influx, partially masked by a hyperpolarizing K(+)-efflux. Intra-gastric administration of DB in mice induced a TAS2R-dependent delay in gastric emptying. In hGSMC, bitter compounds evoked Ca(2+)-rises and increased ERK-phosphorylation. Healthy volunteers showed an impaired fundic relaxation in response to nutrient infusion and a decreased nutrient volume tolerance and increased satiation during an oral nutrient challenge test after intra-gastric DB administration. These findings suggest a potential role for intestinal TAS2Rs as therapeutic targets to alter gastrointestinal motility and hence to interfere with hunger signalling.
Finger-vein Verification Using Gabor Filter and SIFT Feature Matching (2012)

In this paper, a novel method to verify the infrared finger-vein patterns is proposed for biometric purposes. Firstly, we select parameters for Gabor filter with eight orientations to exploit finger-vein network, then we extract vein patterns by the fusion of two distinct orientation results. Secondly, we utilize SIFT features to offset the effect of images rotation and shift impact during finger-vein verification. Finally, the number of matching SIFT features between the registered and test finger vein patterns is calculated as the similarity measurement to verify the personal identification. The experiment results show that EER is low to 0.46%, which demonstrates our proposed approach is valid and effective for finger-vein verification.