gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Jugular venous and arterial concentrations of serum S-100B protein in patients with severe head injury: a pilot study (1998)

The objective of this study was to analyse the temporal course of the jugular venous-arterial gradient of S-100B protein after severe head injury and the correlation between the absolute concentrations of serum S-100B protein and outcome, CT findings, and clinical variables. Fifteen patients were included in this pilot study. All patients were treated according to a standard therapy protocol targeted to maintain cerebral perfusion pressure. The serum concentration of S-100 protein was measured daily for five consecutive days after injury by a monoclonal two site immunoluminometric assay. Nine patients showed favourable and six unfavourable outcome after 6 months with a mortality rate of 33% (five patients). The mean gradient between jugular venous and arterial blood was 8.2% (p<0.05). Patients showing an unfavourable outcome had significantly higher jugular venous or arterial S-100 values compared with those with a favourable outcome (jugular venous S-100B 2.78 microg/l v 1.22 microg/l, p<0.05; arterial S-100B 2.48 microg/l v 1.19 microg/l, p<0.05). All patients with an initial or secondary increase in S-100B value of >2 microg/l were found to have an unfavourable outcome. S-100B was found to be an independent predictor of outcome after severe head injury. The persisting increase of S-100B for three to five days even in patients with favourable outcome and no signs of secondary insults might reflect continuing damage to the blood-brain barrier or ongoing glial cell death.
The 5'-terminal structures of poliovirion RNA and poliovirus mRNA differ only in the genome-linked protein VPg. (1977)

The 5'-terminal, RNase T1-resistant oligonucleotide of poliovirus mRNA has been isolated. Its sequence is pU-U-A-A-A-A-C-A-Gp, which is identical to that of virion RNA except that the genome-linked protein VPg is absent [Nomoto, A., Detjen, B., Pozzatti, R. & Wimmer, E. (1977) Nature 268, 208-213]. Because all newly synthesized viral RNAs are VPg-linked, we propose that VPg is cleaved from progeny RNA at the linkage between protein and nucleic acid prior to polyribosome formation. This may represent a new mode of processing of viral macromolecules. Virion RNA from which VPg has been cleaved proteolytically retains its specific infectivity, an observation suggesting that VPg is not involved in early steps (penetration and translation) of the infectious cycle initiated by RNA.
Specificity of the effect of lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid on calcium homeostasis in neutrophils. Correlation with functional activity. (1982)

The ability of the major neutrophil-derived lipoxygenase metabolites of arachidonic acid to increase the rate of 45Ca influx in rabbit neutrophils was examined. The results obtained demonstrate that (5S),(12R)-dihydroxy-6,8,11,14-(cis,trans,trans,cis)-eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene B4) is the most active of the arachidonic acid metabolites. The activity of leukotriene B4 is highly stereospecific in that its three nonenzymatically derived isomers are essentially inactive. The omega-hydroxylation of leukotriene B4 results in a compound that is nearly as active as leukotriene B4 as far as its ability to stimulate calcium influx and neutrophil aggregation while being a much weaker secretagogue. The further conversion of leukotriene B4 into a dicarboxylic acid removes all detectable biological activity. 5,6-Oxido-7,9,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene A4) methyl ester was also found to increase the rate of calcium influx, while the degradation products of native leukotriene A4 were essentially inactive. These results demonstrate that a close correlation exists between the ability of the various lipoxygenase products to alter calcium homeostasis in rabbit neutrophils and their biological activities.
The study of discourse (2003)

This book studies discourse passages from a linguistic point of view. Discourse is made up of sentences, and through linguistic analysis we have learned a good deal about them. The perspective of linguistics, however, can't be used directly to study an entire discourse. Novels, histories, arguments, and other types of discourse are activities with their own character and conventional structure. Receivers draw on discourse knowledge to construct interpretations.
Multimodal Silica-Shelled Quantum Dots: Direct Intracellular Delivery, Photosensitization, Toxic, and Microcirculation Effects (2008)

In the present study, we describe a multimodal QD probe with combined fluorescent and paramagnetic properties, based on silica-shelled single QD micelles with incorporated paramagnetic substances [tris(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate)/gadolinium] into the micelle and/or silica coat. The probe was characterized with high photoluminescence quantum yield and good positive MRI contrast, low cytotoxicity, and easy intracellular delivery in viable cells. The intravenous administration of the probe in experimental animals did not affect significantly the physiological parameters and microcirculation (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, diameter and shape of blood vessels), which makes it appropriate for tracing of blood circulation and in vivo multimodal imaging using fluorescent confocal microscopy, two-photon microscopy, and MRI.
Convolutional network codes for reliable point-to-point wireless communication (2012)

This paper considers the idea of using convolutional network codes to code across blocks of packets at the transmitter in order to increase the reliability of a wireless link. The encoding and decoding operations exploit traditional convolutional codes and Viterbi decoders, respectively, and are defined in such a way to be compatible with existing technologies. We present results for the packet error rate (PER) of various convolutional network coding schemes and show that there is a steep decline in the PERs as the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) increases. We also show that it is possible to achieve large coding gains when a soft network decoder is used.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of the Effects of Non-Axisymmetric Contoured Stator Endwalls in an Axial Turbine (2010)

Numerical and experimental investigations have been performed to determine the effects of non-axisymmetric stator endwall contouring on the efficiency of an axial turbine stage. The influences of the contoured endwalls on the secondary flows in the stator and the rotor have been analyzed by conducting steady and unsteady RANS simulations as well as measurements in the 1.5-stage axial cold air turbine test rig of the Institute of Jet Propulsion and Turbomachinery. Both numerical and experimental results show an aerodynamic improvement of efficiency and secondary kinetic energy through non-axisymmetric endwall contouring. The non-axisymmetric endwall contour induces a vortex, which separates the pressure side leg of the horseshoe vortex from the passage vortex resulting in redistributed and reduced secondary flows. The modified secondary flow pattern increases the torque of the rotor blade in the hub region as a consequence of improved inlet conditions for the rotor as well as a reduction of the time interval the secondary flows are convected through the rotor passage within. Concerning the shroud region the endwall contour had no significant impact on the efficiency as a consequence of a dominating tip clearance vortex system.
Alginate-based Strategies for Therapeutic Vascularization (2013)

Therapeutic stimulation of vessel growth to improve tissue perfusion has shown promise in many regenerative medicine and tissue engineering applications. Alginate-based biomaterial systems have been investigated for growth factor and/or cell delivery as tools for modulating vessel assembly. Growth factor encapsulation allows for a sustained release of protein and protection from degradation. Implantation of growth factor-loaded alginate constructs typically shows an increase in capillary density but without vascular stabilization. Delivery of multiple factors may improve these outcomes. Cell delivery approaches focus on stimulating vascularization either via cell release of soluble factors, cell proliferation and incorporation into new vessels or alginate prevascularization prior to implantation. These methods have shown some promise but routine clinical application has not been achieved. In this review, current research on the application of alginate for therapeutic neovascularization is presented, shortcomings are addressed and the future direction of these systems discussed.
Effects of Lasering upon the Electron Gas and Excited-State Populations in Xenon Discharges (1967)

Spatially resolved electron density measurements are reported for dc-excited xenon laser discharges over a pressure range of 12.5 to 25.5 mTorr. Due to electrophoretic effects within the closed capillary tube, anode-directed gradients in electron density are established which affect local population inversions. The influence of lasering upon these discharges is investigated experimentally by using a 3.51-μ (5d33−6p22) laser whose optical cavity Q is periodically spoiled by a mechanical chopping wheel. It is observed that lasering noticeably alters the state of the electron gas and the populations of excited xenon atoms. The discharge current is decreased due to lasering by up to 0.02%, and spatially resolved microwave cavity measurements reveal that lasering may either increase or decrease the electron density by approximately 109 cm−3 depending upon local discharge conditions. Laser-induced changes in the microwave cavity Q and the electron drift velocity indicate that lasering also affects the mean electron energy. Ionization via electron impact from the upper laser level and the xenon metastables is suggested as the dominant physical process responsible. Confirming spectroscopic observation of laser-induced changes in the spontaneous radiation are presented. It is demonstrated that excitation from the xenon metastables populated the 6p and 6p′ levels, degrading the laser population inversion and significantly decreasing the 3.51-μ laser output power. Radiative and collisional mechanisms responsible for the propagation of the laser-induced perturbation from the 5d33 and 6p22 levels to other excited levels are also discussed. It is suggested that laser media in general can be analyzed and improved upon by studying the laser-induced changes in excitation and relaxation processes.
Particulate emissions: Evaluating removal methods (1997)

Next month, the US Environmental Protection Agency expects to finalize a new set of regulations for the removal of airborne particulate matter. The so-called PM-2.5 Standard would set thresholds for the removal of particles under 1 micrometer ({micro}m) in diameter. Current EPA rules regulate airborne particles that are 2.5--10 {micro}m dia. The impetus behind the controversial PM-2.5 Standard comes from recent studies that suggest that the finest airborne particles cause considerable health damage to humans. This article examines a variety of air pollution control devices, and discusses how each performs in the removal of submicrometer-sized particles. Such particles are ubiquitous in exhaust streams from combustion and other high-temperature operations, such as boilers and smelters. Since toxic vapors and volatilized heavy metals created during high-temperature operations condense on the surface of particles, submicrometer-sized particles can be deadly carriers of toxic substances. Once coated with heavy metals, tiny particles pose a greater toxicity threat than larger particles, due to their increased surface area. Many of today`s air pollution control devices are not suited for the efficient removal of submicrometer particles. While settling chambers, cyclonic separators, venturi scrubbers, packed towers and conventional electrostatic precipitators remove a variety of gaseous and particulate pollutants, somemore » perform better than others in the removal of submicrometer-sized particles.« less
Nordihydroguaiaretic acid blocks secretory and endocytic pathways in human dendritic cells (1998)

Abstract Nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA), an antioxidant and inhibitor of the lipoxygenase arm of the arachidonic acid metabolism, was recently demonstrated to inhibit transport of secretory proteins to the Golgi complex. We have investigated the effects of NDGA on the secretory and endocytic activity of cultured human blood dendritic cells (DC). Treatment with NDGA strongly diminished cytokine secretion by DC. Moreover, NDGA reduced in a dose- and time-dependent fashion fluid phase as well as receptor-mediated endocytosis in DC. Zileuton and MK-886, specific inhibitors of 5-lipoxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase-activating protein, respectively, had no effect. Likewise, N-acetyl-l-cysteine, a thiol antioxidant precursor of glutathione, did not affect DC function. Finally, serum remarkably protected the cells from the inhibitory effects of NDGA. Our data demonstrate that NDGA not only disrupts vesicular transport along the secretory route but is also a potent inhibitor of the endocytic pathways in human DC and that NDGA has inhibitory properties different from those described. J. Leukoc. Biol. 64: 747–752; 1998.
Synthesis of control circuits in folded pipelined DSP architectures (1992)

A systematic folding transformation technique to fold any arbitrary signal processing algorithm data-flow graph to a hardware data-flow architecture, for a specified folding set and specified technology constraints, is presented. The folding set specifies the processor and the time partition at which the task is executed and is typically obtained by performing scheduling and resource allocation for the algorithm data-flow graph and the specified iteration period. The constraints imposed on the hardware architecture are also assumed to be known. The technique is used to derive the control circuitry of the hardware architecture. The authors derive conditions for the validity of a specified folding set, and present approaches to generate the dedicated architecture using systematic folding of tasks to operators. They propose automatic retiming and pipelining of algorithms described by data-flow graphs for folding. The folding algorithm is applied after preprocessing the data-flow graph for automated pipelining and retiming.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rapid typing of the human Fc gamma receptor IIA polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction amplification with allele‐specific primers (1998)

The use of PCR with allele-specific primers provides a rapid and easily performed method for the determination the Fc gamma RIIa polymorphism.
Asymptotically zero power dissipation gigahertz clock distribution networks (2003)

A novel global clock distribution network design with zero asymptotic power dissipation for the GHz frequency range is proposed. Power dissipation and clock skew of the new global clock distribution network are analyzed. A simple experiment on a transmission line, as a scaled model of a clock distribution network, demonstrates a 97% reduction in power dissipation.
H.261 and MPEG1-a comparison (2002)

This paper is motivated by the fact that the USA and Europe have chosen different approaches for implementing video data compression for applications such as video conferencing. Primarily, the former uses JPEG and MPEG, the latter uses H.261, also known as p*64. Within the framework of this paper, a thorough introduction into both techniques is provided. This paper focuses on the video coding part. The starting point is the analysis of the baseline method of JPEG on which the intra-frame coding mode for both H.261 and MPEG1 (first phase of MPEG) is based. By studying the CCITT (now, ITU-TS-International Telecommunications Union, Teleconferencing Sector) recommendation H.261, motion-compensated prediction is presented. Motion-compensated interpolation is explained discussing the ISO standard MPEG1. Preliminary results of intermediate tests are presented. For running tests, public domain codecs for H.261 and MPEG1 provided by Stanford University are used.
A Pixel-Isolated Flexible Liquid Crystal Display with a Homogeneous Alignment on an Amorphous ZrO[sub 2] Thin Film (2010)

In this study, we developed a pixel-isolated flexible liquid crystal display (LCD) with a homogeneous alignment on inorganic thin-film surfaces using ion beam (IB) irradiation. The amorphous film, used as a homogeneous alignment layer on the plastic substrate, was deposited at room temperature. Pixel walls based on poly(dimethylsiloxane) were fabricated using a simple photolithographic process. Even under external tension, the two plastic substrates remained tightly attached by the pixel walls at each pixel; the highly uniform alignment of liquid crystals was optimized on the surface. The electro-optical performance of our flexible device was highly reliable and comparable to that of conventional glass-substrate LCDs.
The Software Stack for Transactional Memory Challenges and Opportunities (2006)

Transactionalmemorysystemsapplytheexperienceofthedatabase community to the general problem of parallel programming with the goal of providing a simple parallel programing model that delivers on the performance potential of multi-processor systems. Although initial research into both software-only and hardwaresupported transactional memory has shown promising results, there are many challenges to creating a fully transactional software stack. Although today’s software stack has some limited use of transactional programming, many parts of the stack from basic data structures to the operating system and program runtimes contain at least some lock-based code. In code with coarse-grained locking, transactions provide an opportunity to improve performance. In code with fine-grained lock, transactions provide an opportunity to simplify code while reducing overhead.
The Rev. Samuel Wesley, the elder (1896)

The Rev. Samuel Wesley, the elder Get access Alfred F. Robbins Alfred F. Robbins Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s8-IX, Issue 211, 11 January 1896, Pages 21–22, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s8-IX.211.21 Published: 11 January 1896
Characteristics of a multicolor InGaAs-GaAs quantum-dot infrared photodetector (2004)

A three-color quantum-dot infrared photodetector has been fabricated and characterized. The active absorption region consists of undoped In/sub 0.4/Ga/sub 0.6/As quantum dots separated by GaAs barriers. Intersublevel transitions of electrons in the quantum dots results in absorption peaks at /spl sim/3.5, 7.5, and 22 μm. The devices were characterized at 80 K and 120 K. The dark current density is 10/sup -6/ A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 120 K for an applied bias of 1 V. The responsivity and specific detectivity D/sup */ are 0.07 A/W and 4.8×10/sup 10/ cm/spl middot/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> 2//W for the 7.5-μm response at 80 K for an applied bias of 3 V.
Effect of amino acid based dialysate on peritoneal blood flow and permeability in stable CAPD patients: a potential role for nitric oxide? (1996)

Amino acid dialysis solution 1.1% (Nutrineal) contains L-arginine, a substrate for nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. NO causes vasodilation in many organs. To investigate effects of the amino acid dialysis solution on peritoneal permeability and perfusion, standard peritoneal permeability analyses were performed in 10 stable CAPD patients; one with Nutrineal and another with glucose dialysate (Dianeal 1.36%). The mass transfer area coefficient (MTAC) of nitrate and cGMP were calculated to study a possible role of NO. The MTAC of CO2 was measured to estimate peritoneal blood flow. The MTAC of CO2 was higher during the 4-hour dwell with the amino acid solution: median 93 ml/min (amino acid solution) vs. 60 ml/min (glucose solution); p < 0.01. This suggests an increased peritoneal blood flow during the administration of amino acids. Also the MTACs of low molecular weight solutes were greater with amino acids compared to glucose: creatinine 11.6 ml/min vs. 10.0, urea 19.0 vs. 16.6, urate 9.5 vs. 8.0; p < or = 0.01 for all. This points to an increased effective peritoneal surface area during amino acids. The clearances of the macromolecules beta 2-microglobulin and alpha 2-macroglobulin were also greater with the amino acid dialysis solution (p < 0.05), but there was only a small increase in the clearances of albumin and IgG. The increase in albumin loss during the 4-hour dwell with amino acids was only marginal. The MTACs of nitrate and cGMP were similar with the 2 solutions, without evidence of local production of these solutes. No difference was found between the 2 solutions in the dialysate concentrations of the prostaglandins PGE2, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha, PGF2 alpha and TxB2. The transcapillary ultrafiltration rate was higher during the amino acid dwell (p < 0.01), but no significant difference in net ultrafiltration was found, because the lymphatic absorption tended to be slightly greater with amino acids. The difference in transcapillary ultrafiltration with the 2 solutions was probably blood flow dependent, as the peritoneal filtration fraction was essentially the same in the 2 experiments. It is concluded that amino acid dialysis solution had a vasoactive effect. It mainly influenced the peritoneal blood flow and the effective peritoneal surface area. These effects could not be attributed to NO, as judged from nitrate or cGMP MTACs.
Synthesis and Evaluation of 6,7-Dihydroxy-2,3,4,8,9,13b-hexahydro-1H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2,3-ef][3]benzazepine, 6,7-Dihydroxy-1,2,3,4,8,12b-hexahydroanthr[10,4a,4-cd]azepine, and 10-(Aminomethyl)-9,10-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxyanthracene as Conformationally Restricted Analogs of .beta.-Phenyldopamine (1995)

The present study was designed to define the geometry of the hydrophobic accessory region for binding of dopamine D1 receptor ligands and to assess the relative importance of ethylamine side chain conformation for receptor affinity. Three compounds, 6,7-dihydroxy-2,3,4,8,9,13b-hexahydro-1H-benzo[6,7]cyclohepta[1,2, 3-ef][3]benzazepine, 4, 6,7-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4,8,12b-hexahydroanthr[10,4a,4-cd]aze pin e, 5, and 10-(aminomethyl)-9,10-dihydro-1,2-dihydroxyanthracene, 6, were synthesized as conformationally restricted analogs of beta-phenyldopamine. Molecular modeling studies were performed to compare these three compounds with the high-affinity D1 agonists dihydrexidine (DHX), 2, and SKF 38393, 3. The beta-phenyl moieties in the target compounds are constrained by means of either an ethyl (4) or methylene (5 and 6) bridge. The compounds adopt minimum-energy conformations in which the beta-phenyl group is approximately -22 degrees (4), -12 degrees (5), and -30 degrees (6) from coplanarity with the catechol ring. These compounds also embody either a freely rotating (6) or a rigidified gauche (4 and 5) rotameric conformation of the dopamine ethylamine side chain, the latter nearly perfectly superimposible on the benzazepine portion of SKF 38393. Radioligand competition experiments showed that compounds 4, 5, and 6 have only micromolar affinity for both the D1 and D2 dopamine receptor subtypes. The low affinity of 4-6, relative to 2 and 3, may be due to improper orientation of the beta-phenyl moiety and provides important information about the three-dimensional orientation of the hydrophobic accessory binding domain of the dopamine D1 receptor. In addition, the negligible affinity of 6, as compared to 2 and 3, indicates that the rotameric positioning of the ethylamine side chain may not be a primary determinant of receptor affinity.