gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Differentiation of Two Mouse Cell Lines Is Associated with Hypomethylation of Their Genomes (1984)

Methyl-accepting assays and a sensitive method for labeling specific CpG sites have been used to show that the DNA of F9 embryonal carcinoma cells decreases in 5-methylcytosine content by ca. 9% during retinoic acid-induced differentiation, whereas the DNA of dimethyl sulfoxide-induced Friend murine erythroleukemia (MEL) cells loses ca. 3.8% of its methyl groups. These values correspond to the demethylation of 2.2 X 10(6) and 0.9 X 10(6) 5'-CpG-3' sites per haploid genome in differentiating F9 and MEL cells, respectively. Fluorography of DNA restriction fragments methylated in vitro and displayed on agarose gels showed that demethylation occurred throughout the genome. In uninduced F9 cells, the sequence TCGA tended to be more heavily methylated than did the sequence CCGG, whereas this tendency was reversed in MEL cells. The kinetics of in vitro DNA methylation reactions catalyzed by MEL cell DNA methyltransferase showed that substantial numbers of hemimethylated sites accumulate in the DNA of terminally differentiating F9 and MEL cells, implying that a partial loss of DNA-methylating activity may accompany terminal differentiation in these two cell types.
Laminin α3 LG4 Module Induces Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 through Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase Signaling (2003)

The LG4 module of the laminin alpha 3 chain (alpha 3 LG4), a component of epithelial-specific laminin-5, has cell attachment activity and binds syndecan (Utani, A., Nomizu, M., Matsuura, H., Kato, K., Kobayashi, T., Takeda, U., Aota, S., Nielsen, P. K., and Shinkai, H. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 28779-28788). Here, we show that recombinant alpha 3 LG4 and a 19-mer synthetic peptide (A3G756) within alpha 3 LG4 active for syndecan binding increased the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) in keratinocytes and fibroblasts. This induction was inhibited by heparin and required de novo synthesis of proteins. In keratinocytes, A3G756 up-regulated interleukin (IL)-1 beta and MMP-1 expression and an IL-1 receptor antagonist thoroughly inhibited A3G756-mediated induction of MMP-1. A3G756 also activated p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) and extracellular signal-related kinase (Erk). Studies with specific inhibitors of MAPKs showed that p38 MAPK activation was necessary for both IL-1 beta and MMP-1 induction, but Erk activation was required only for MMP-1 induction. In fibroblasts, IL-1 receptor antagonist did not block A3G756-mediated induction of MMP-1. These results indicated that induction of MMP-1 by alpha 3 LG4 is mediated through the IL-1 beta autocrine loop in keratinocytes but the mechanism of the induction in fibroblasts is different. Our study suggests that the laminin alpha 3 LG4 module may play an important role in tissue remodeling by inducing MMP-1 expression during wound healing.
Measurement of relative permittivity of LTCC ceramic at different temperatures (2014)

Devices based on LTCC (low-temperature co-fired ceramic) technology are more widely applied in high temperature environments, and the temperature-dependent properties of the LTCC material play an important role in measurements of the characteristics of these devices at high temperature. In this paper, the temperature-dependence of the relative permittivity of DuPont 951 LTCC ceramic is studied from room temperature to 500 °C. An expression for relative permittivity is obtained, which relates the relative permittivity to the resonant frequency, inductance, parasitic capacitance and electrode capacitance of the LTCC sample. Of these properties, the electrode capacitance is the most strongly temperature-dependent. The LTCC sample resonant frequency, inductance and parasitic capacitance were measured (from room temperature to 500 °C) with a high temperature measurement system comprising a muffle furnace and network analyzer. We found that the resonant frequency reduced and the inductance and parasitic capacitance increased slightly as the temperature increases. The relative permittivity can be calculated from experimental frequency, inductance and parasitic capacitance measurements. Calculating results show that the relative permittivity of DuPont 951 LTCC ceramic ceramic increases to 8.21 from room temperature to 500 °C.
Advanced Ultra-Low-Loop Wire Bonds (2006)

Stacked die, die-to-die, and multi-tiered package demand has driven the development of over 20 premium-process wire bond loop shapes. A high-productivity, ultra-low loop, with <70µm loop height, is one example. The array of loop shape solutions from which a packaging engineer can choose has grown substantially, with new shapes being developed as new demands are identified. Continuous wire bonding developments increase the process productivity, flexibility and versatility.
PERMEABLE SEAWALL WITH RESERVOIR AND THE USE OF "WAROCK" (1976)

Interesting facts that a uniformly permeable seawall of vertical faces with appropriate reservoir has remarkable characteristics of absorbing wave energy even for long period waves in the same degree of usual sloped-face seawall and that these characteristics appear most clearly for permeable seawall of trapezoidal cross-section with backward-sloped reservoir wall are found theoretically and experimentally. Moreover, it is shown that a perforated wall with reservoir has similar characteristics to those for uniformly permeable wall with reservoir. "Warock" is a type of concrete blocks which was invented in order to realize the wave absorbing seawall in practical works. Several examples of ever constructed wave absorbing seawalls, quaywalls and breakwaters by means of "Warock" in Japan are introduced.
A design of high‐Q dielectric resonators for MIC applications (1984)

Abstract A design method of radiation‐suppressed high‐Q dielectric resonators with a metal cap loaded above a dielectric material with high dielectric constant is studied. For exact evaluation of the effect of the radiation‐suppressing metal cap, a semispherical dielectric resonator model with simplified boundary conditon of the metal cap is introduced. As a result, it is found that there exist two modes in this resonator, a dielectric resonator mode and a hollow cavity mode, depending on the size (diameter) of the metal cap, and almost constant resonant frequencies for the change of metal cap size and high unloaded Q factors are obtained in the dielectric resonator mode by selecting the cap size on the optimum range. the validity of the analysis result is confirmed by experiment. Moreover, the resonant frequency and its temperature variation for a cylindrical resonator are studied and it is found that the frequency variation does not depend on the material of the metal cap but greatly depends on the temperature coefficient of the high‐constant dielectric material itself.
Supporting Complex Multi-Dimensional Queries in P2P Systems (2005)

More and more applications require peer-to-peer (P2P) systems to support complex queries over multi-dimensional data. For example, a P2P auction network for real estate frequently needs to answer queries such as "select five available buildings closest to the airport". Such queries are not efficiently supported in current P2P systems. Towards an efficient and scalable P2P system capable of processing complex multi-dimensional queries, we first propose a comprehensive framework for sharing, indexing, and querying multi-dimensional data, where (i) peers with more computational power coordinate indexing and query processing, and (ii) other peers participate in part of the computation in order to achieve scalability and load-balance. Based on this framework, we propose Network-R-tree (NR-tree), a P2P adaptation of the dominant spatial index - R*-tree. NR-tree, indexing spatial data at clustered peers, is capable of processing complex queries such as range queries and k-nearest neighbor queries. We propose query processing algorithms for range and k-nearest neighbor queries and experimentally prove the effectiveness of proposed techniques with real data.
PULPING AND BLEACHING OF PARTIALLY CAD-DEFICIENT WOOD (2002)

ABSTRACT Mutant loblolly pine trees that are partially deficient in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) have been studied as a possible new source of pulpwood. Young (4- and 6-year-old) partially CAD-deficient pine trees are ˜20% more easily delignified (pulping and bleaching) and provide similar pulp yields to that of similarly aged normal pines grown on the same plots. Bleached pulp from a 6-year-old partially CAD-deficient pine tree displayed better strength properties than the same age normal pine tree; this probably reflects the milder pulping conditions needed in the case of the partially CAD-deficient tree. Studies also were conducted on a limited number of 14-year-old trees from a different genetic background. In contrast to the results with young trees, no real differences in ease of delignification, pulp yields, bleached pulp strength properties, and wood specific gravities were observed with the 14-year-old trees. There would likely be no penalty if partially CAD-deficient trees were used for lumber products. The rapid growth of partially CAD-deficient trees could make them a valuable pulpwood.
Human Neutrophils Secrete Gelatinase B <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> in Response to Endotoxin and Proinflammatory Mediators (1999)

Bacterial sepsis is characterized by a systemic inflammatory state, with activation of numerous cell types. Phagocytes participate in this phenomenon by secreting various proinflammatory cytokines and enzymes. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) such as gelatinases are produced by phagocytes and are thought to play an important role in processes of cell transmigration and tissue remodeling. In this work, we show that endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) and other inflammatory mediators, such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF), interleukin-8, and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, induce a rapid (within 20 min) release of gelatinase-B (MMP-9) zymogen in whole human blood, as determined by gelatin zymography. The polymorphonuclear neutrophil was identified as the cell responsible for this rapid secretion, as a result of the release of preformed enzymes stored in granules. Normal human subjects given LPS intravenously showed a similar pattern of proMMP-9 secretion, with maximum plasma levels reached 1.5 to 3 h after LPS administration (P = 0.0009). Prior administration of TNF receptor:Fc, a potent TNF antagonist, to subjects given LPS, only partially blunted the release of proMMP-9 (P = 0.033). Ibuprofen, a cyclooxygenase inhibitor, did not alter this pattern of release. Increased levels of proMMP-9 and proMMP-2, as well as activated forms of MMP-9, were found in plasma from two patients with gram-negative sepsis. The levels of MMPs paralleled the severity of clinical condition and a marker of the severity of sepsis, plasma procalcitonin. These data indicate that MMPs are released in whole blood in response to various inflammatory mediators and that they could serve as sensitive and early markers for cell activation during the course of bacterial sepsis.
New cholesteric liquid crystals induced by intermolecular hydrogen bonding (1997)

New cholesteric liquid crystals induced by intermolecular hydrogen bonding between 3-cholesteryloxycarbonylpropanoic acid (MCB) and 4-(4-alkoxybenzoyloxy)-4-stilbazoles (n SZ); between MCB and N -(4-pyridylmethylidiene)anilines (n -PMA) were prepared. Their liquid crystalline properties were investigated by DSC, polarized optical microscopy and X-ray diffraction. Cholesteric and smectic phases were observed. In order to study the influence of covalent and non-covalent bonding upon the liquid crystal behaviour several new covalently bonded N -\[4-(3-cholesteryloxycarbonylpropionyloxy)benzylidiene]-4-alkoxy anilines were investigated.
Efficient organic DSSC sensitizers bearing an electron-deficient pyrimidine as an effective π-spacer (2011)

A series of new push–pull organic dyes incorporating electron-deficient pyrimidine as the π-spacer have been synthesized, characterized, and used as the sensitizers for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In comparison with the model compound M-TP, which adopts phenylene as the π-spacer, the tailor-made dyes display enhanced spectral responses in the red portion of the solar spectrum. Through the introduction of two hexyloxy chains on the diphenylthienylamine donor, the DSSC employing dye OHexDPTP exhibited high power conversion efficiency up to 7.64% under AM1.5G irradiation.
Multidrug resistance proteins MRP3, MRP1, and MRP2 in lung cancer: correlation of protein levels with drug response and messenger RNA levels. (2001)

Previously (L. C. Young et al., Clin. Cancer Res., 5: 673-680, 1999), we found, in a panel of 23 lung cancer cell lines that had not been selected for in vitro drug resistance, that the mRNA levels of MRP3 and MRP1, two members of the ATP-binding cassette superfamily of transport proteins, correlated with resistance to doxorubicin, vincristine, VP-16, and cis-diamminedicholoroplatinum(II). To extend these studies, we measured multidrug resistance protein (MRP)1, MRP2, and MRP3 protein levels in a panel of 30 lung cancer cell lines that included the original 23 cell lines as well as an additional 7 unselected lung cancer cell lines. In the case of MRP3, a polyclonal antibody was developed that was found to be a sensitive reagent for the detection of MRP3 by Western blot analysis. We found good agreement in the original 23 cell lines between the cognate mRNA and protein levels for MRP1, MRP2, and, especially, MRP3 (r, 0.852), supporting the use of semiquantitative PCR to predict MRP1, MRP2, and MRP3 protein levels in patient samples. There were also strong correlations between the mRNA and protein levels of MRP3 and MRP1, which suggested that these genes might be expressed in a coordinate manner. MRP3, MRP1, and MRP2 protein levels were higher in the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) than in the SCLC cell lines and, in addition, MRP3 and MRP2 were detected almost exclusively in the NSCLC cell lines. Finally, we found that both MRP3 and MRP1, but not MRP2, protein levels correlated with decreased sensitivity of these lung cancer cell lines to doxorubicin, VCR, VP-16, and cis-diamminedicholoroplatinum(II). These findings are consistent with our hypothesis that both MRP3 and MRP1 are components of the multifactorial multidrug resistance phenotype of lung cancer and that MRP3 contributes to the intrinsic resistance of NSCLC cells.
Screening for Peripheral Artery Disease and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Assessment With the Ankle-Brachial Index (2018)

The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for PAD and CVD risk with the ABI in asymptomatic adults. (I statement).
Improved Serodiagnosis of Posttransfusion Hepatitis C Virus Infection by a Second‐Generation Immunoassay Based on Multiple Recombinant Antigens (1992)

Serial serum samples from 35 patients with posttransfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis in a prospective study were tested for antibody to hepatitis C virus (HCV) by a multiple recombinant antigen based immunoassay [anti-HCV (2nd); Abbott]. Of them, 23 were positive for anti-C100, and 27 were positive for HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction. By anti-HCV (2nd), 28 patients were positive, and all except 1 of the 28 patients were positive for HCV RNA. A total of 24 patients, who became HCV RNA positive at the acute stage and who were negative for both anti-C100 and anti-HCV (2nd) before transfusion, were considered to have posttransfusion hepatitis C. The mean time to seroconversion for anti-HCV (2nd) was 7.5 or 12.1 weeks after the onset of hepatitis or the date of transfusion, respectively, and was generally 6 weeks earlier than that detected by anti-C100. However, seroconversion was delayed in 2 hepatitis B surface antigen carriers as compared with anti-C100. The anti-C100 assay detected 20 (83%) and the anti-HCV (2nd) all 24 patients with documented posttransfusion hepatitis C. The second-generation test is, therefore, better than conventional anti-C100 for the early diagnosis of HCV infection.
Real-valued (Medical) Time Series Generation with Recurrent Conditional GANs (2017)

Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) have shown remarkable success as a framework for training models to produce realistic-looking data. In this work, we propose a Recurrent GAN (RGAN) and Recurrent Conditional GAN (RCGAN) to produce realistic real-valued multi-dimensional time series, with an emphasis on their application to medical data. RGANs make use of recurrent neural networks in the generator and the discriminator. In the case of RCGANs, both of these RNNs are conditioned on auxiliary information. We demonstrate our models in a set of toy datasets, where we show visually and quantitatively (using sample likelihood and maximum mean discrepancy) that they can successfully generate realistic time-series. We also describe novel evaluation methods for GANs, where we generate a synthetic labelled training dataset, and evaluate on a real test set the performance of a model trained on the synthetic data, and vice-versa. We illustrate with these metrics that RCGANs can generate time-series data useful for supervised training, with only minor degradation in performance on real test data. This is demonstrated on digit classification from 'serialised' MNIST and by training an early warning system on a medical dataset of 17,000 patients from an intensive care unit. We further discuss and analyse the privacy concerns that may arise when using RCGANs to generate realistic synthetic medical time series data.
TREM‐1 expression in macrophages is regulated at transcriptional level by NF‐κB and PU.1 (2007)

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells (TREM)-1 is a recently identified immunoglobulin receptor that is expressed on neutrophils and monocytes where it amplifies the acute inflammatory response to bacteria. We examined the transcriptional regulation of TREM-1 in macrophages. Treatment of RAW cells with Escherichia coli LPS or Pseudomonas aeruginosa led to the induction of TREM-1 within 1 h with an expression lasting up to at least 24 h in vitro as detected by RT-PCR. Since the promoter of TREM-1 has multiple binding sites for NF-kappaB and PU.1 (one of the members of the ets family of transcription factors), we investigated the role of these transcription factors in the induction of TREM-1. Treatment of cells with NF-kappaB inhibitors abolished the expression of message of TREM-1 induced by LPS and P. aeruginosa. In contrast, the expression of TREM-1 was increased after stimulation with LPS or P. aeruginosa in cells that had gene of PU.1 silenced. Additionally, over-expression of PU.1 led to inhibition of TREM-1 induction in response to LPS and P. aeruginosa. These data suggest that both these transcription factors are involved in the expression of TREM-1. NF-kappaB functions as a positive regulator whereas PU.1 is a negative regulator of the TREM-1 gene.
Human thyroid cells transfected with SV40 DNA retain the TSH receptor. (1990)

Human thyroid cells were transfected with SV40 DNA using the calcium phosphate co-precipitation technique. The transfected cells grew rapidly and could be passaged readily. TSH and the immunoglobulin fraction from a patient with hyperthyroid Graves' disease stimulated adenylate cyclase activity in the transfected cells. These cells could potentially be used in clinical assays of patients' immunoglobulins without concern for species incompatibilities. On immunoblot analysis, extracts from SV40-transfected human thyroid cells, from sheep thyroid cells and from rat FRTL5 cells reacted with the immunoglobulin fraction from the patient with hyperthyroid Graves' disease but not with the immunoglobulin fraction from a pool of serum from normal subjects. Proteins of molecular weights 77,000, 70,000 and 54,000 were identified by the patient's immunoglobulin fraction in the three thyroid-derived cell types.
Optimizing the Heat Treatment of Rare Earth-Transition Metal Sintered Magnets (2010)

Rare earth transition metals magnets, as for example SmCo5, NdFeB and Sm(CoCuFeZr)z magnets are, very often, submitted to a post-sintering heat treatment where the coercivity increases. In many cases, a slow cooling between the sintering and the annealing temperatures is applied. To optimize the time and cooling rate of heat treatment, it was developed a model using the finite volume method. This model takes into account the diffusivities of the different atom species and also the boundaries of phase diagrams.
Telling the whole story (2010)

We present a field study of TellTable, a new storytelling system designed to support creativity and collaboration amongst children. The application was deployed on a multi-touch interactive table in the library of a primary school, where children could use it to create characters and scenery based on elements of the physical world (captured through photography) as well as through drawing. These could then be used to record a story which could be played back. TellTable allowed children to collaborate in devising stories that mixed the physical and the digital in creative ways and that could include themselves as characters. Additionally, the field deployment illustrated how children took inspiration from one another's stories, how they planned elements of their own tales before using the technology, and how the fact that stories could be accessed in the library led some to become well-known and popular within the school community. The real story here, we argue, needs to take into account all that happens within the wider context of use of this system.
Studies on the Alkaloids of Menispermaceous Plants. CCI (1963)

The structure of trilobine was reported by Inubushi and Nomura as the formula (I) from the cleavage reaction of its N-acetyl compound with metallic sodium in liquid ammonia. The antipodal isotrilobine (II) was synthesized from dlhydroepistephanine (V) by the present writers.In the present series of work, O-methylanhydrodemethyl-N-ethyl-dihydroepistephanine (X) was synthesized from N-ethyldihydroepistephanine (VII) by a similar method. X came as a picrate of m.p. 194-195°, [α]D-283.1° (acetone), C37H38O5N2⋅2C6H3O7N3⋅1 1/2H2O. By comparison with the picrate, m.p. 193-195°, [α]D+283.8° (acetone), C37H38O5N2⋅2C6H3O7N3⋅1 1/2H2O, of the N-ethyl compound (III) from natural trilobine (I), X was found to be its antipode (cf. Table I). Consequently, the structure of trilobine was reaffirmed as I by synthesis.
Small Hypervascular Enhancing Lesions on Arterial Phase Images of Multiphase Dynamic Computed Tomography in Cirrhotic Liver (2008)

Because of the low positive predictive value of non-wedge-shaped, centrally located, early enhancing lesions in the diagnosis of HCC, the serial follow-up for examining lesion growth is essential to the correct diagnosis of small arterial hypervascular lesions in cirrhotic liver.
High Rate Etching of Ru and TaN using Electrochemical Reaction for Bevel Cleaning (2009)

We have developed a new wet technology using electrochemical etching for removing Ru (ruthenium) film and TaN (tantalum nitride) film on the wafer bevels for Back End of Line (BEOL) processes of system LSIs. The etching rates of 50nm/min and 25nm/min for Ru film and TaN film are achieved by diluted HCl solution of 0.5%, respectively. This process can provide a stable, low cost and environmentally friendly process without conventional special and conc. solutions.