gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 1.2mW CMOS temporal-difference image sensor for sensor networks (2008)

In this paper we report a 64×64 active pixel image sensor (APS), Mototrigger, which targets low-power image sensing for sensor networks. The image sensor computes the temporal-difference between two continuous light-intensity frames and communicates them in address-event format. The image sensor is capable of computing 30 temporal-difference frame/s and consumes 1.2mW with a 3V power supply. Light-intensity images are also available as an output at a speed of 60 frame/s. The pixel occupies an area of 29×28μm2 with a fill factor of 23%. The die size is 3mm by 3mm, including pads and test structures. The image sensor is fabricated in a 0.5μm bulk CMOS process.
Case 36-1998 (1998)

Presentation of CaseAn 11-year-old girl was admitted to the hospital because of fever, hypotension, and azotemia.The patient had been in excellent health until four days earlier, when fever, headache, sore throat, stiffness of the neck, abdominal pain, and an abdominal rash developed. The results of laboratory tests performed three days before admission and subsequently are presented in Table 1 and Table 2. A rapid test for streptococcal antigens was negative. Two days before admission, amoxicillin and diphenhydramine were administered. A throat culture yielded non–group A, β-hemolytic streptococci. The symptoms persisted, the urinary output was low, and menses began. One day before . . .
Stereoselective <i>C</i>-Glycosylation Reactions of Pyranoses:  The Conformational Preference and Reactions of the Mannosyl Cation (2006)

A systematic study of C-glycosylations of acetals related to mannose and other pyranoses was conducted. The C-5 alkoxyalkyl group provides only a modest influence on stereoselectivity. On the other hand, studies of pentopyranoses bearing alkoxy groups at C-2, C-3, and C-4 showed that the alkoxy groups exerted powerful influences on selectivity. In the case of mannose, the high alpha selectivity observed with C-mannosylation was reversed to high beta selectivity if the C-5 alkoxyalkyl group were removed. An analysis of the conformational preferences of the intermediate oxocarbenium ions, including the mannosyl cation, as well as consideration of steric effects that develop in the transition states for nucleophilic attack provide explanations for these phenomena.
A Liquid Crystal Opto-optical Switch: Nondestructive Information Retrieval Based on a Photochromic Fulgide as Trigger (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Liquid Crystal Opto-optical Switch: Nondestructive Information Retrieval Based on a Photochromic Fulgide as TriggerSlawomir Z. Janicki and Gary B. SchusterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1995, 117, 33, 8524–8527Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00138a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00138a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views684Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optimal Pilots for Frequency Offset and Channel Estimation in OFDMA Uplink (2008)

Optimal pilots design and placement for the frequency offset and channel estimation in orthogonal frequency- division multiplexing access (OFDMA) uplink systems are proposed. The received pilots of multiple users can always be demodulated, even if they are totally overlapped due to the large frequency offsets. With the knowledge of channel state information (CSI) at the receiver, the performance of the proposed frequency offset estimation is robust to the channel estimation errors. The frequency offset and CSI can be jointly estimated by employing the proposed pilots.
Crystal structure of the complex of porcine trypsin with soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) at 2.6 Å resolution (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure of the complex of porcine trypsin with soybean trypsin inhibitor (Kunitz) at 2.6 Å resolutionR. M. Sweet, H. T. Wright, J. Janin, C. H. Chothia, and D. M. BlowCite this: Biochemistry 1974, 13, 20, 4212–4228Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00717a024https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00717a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views711Altmetric-Citations340LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Feasibility Assessment and Rapid Development of Oral Controlled Release Prototypes (2000)

Several essential data and predictive methods are available to assess the feasibility of controlled release for a drug candidate in early development. These include physicochemical properties such as solubility and partition coefficient, and biopharmaceutical properties such as Caco-2 permeability. Feasibility assessment is important to aid in the selection of appropriate drug candidates that will benefit from novel drug-delivery approaches. The strategies to rapidly progress prototype oral controlled release dosage forms into clinical evaluation in the context of drug development in a large pharmaceutical company are discussed.
Matrix-grating strongly gain-coupled (MC-SGC) DFB lasers with 34-nm continuous wavelength tuning range (1999)

A matrix-grating strongly gain-coupled (MG-SGC) distributed-feedback laser structure has been demonstrated to exhibit a continuous wavelength tuning range of about 34 nm. A simple tuning mechanism was employed, and a sidemode-suppression-ratio of beyond 50 dB within the entire tuning range was achieved. This device can be potentially used in dense wavelength-division-multiplexed systems for cost effective applications.
Prevention of Transfusion-Induced Chagas' Disease by Amphotericin B (1980)

Amphotericin B, a polyene antibiotic effective against eukaryotic cells, can eliminate the trypomastigote form of Trypanosoma cruzi from blood stored at 4 degrees C. This antitrypanosomal effect can be achieved with a concentration of 3 micrograms/ml within 48 hours. This concentration of amphotericin B does not produce hemolysis over a period of 3 weeks. Amphotericin B methyl ester and nystatin are not effective. Amphotericin B may be considered as a replacement for crystal violet in blood bank blood to prevent transfusion-induced Chagas' disease.
Fabrication of Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Using a 3-D Robotic System: Comparison with Conventional Scaffolds Fabricated by Particulate Leaching (2006)

Cite This Article , . (2006). Fabrication of Porous Scaffolds for Bone Tissue Engineering Using a 3-D Robotic System: Comparison with Conventional Scaffolds Fabricated by Particulate Leaching. Molecular & Cellular Biomechanics, 3(4), 179–180.
Microfluidic methods for forming liposomes (2012)

Liposome structures have a wide range of applications in biology, biochemistry, and biophysics. As a result, several methods for forming liposomes have been developed. This review provides a critical comparison of existing microfluidic technologies for forming liposomes and, when applicable, a comparison with their analogous macroscale counterparts. The properties of the generated liposomes, including size, size distribution, lamellarity, membrane composition, and encapsulation efficiency, form the basis for comparison. We hope that this critique will allow the reader to make an informed decision as to which method should be used for a given biological application.
Interlanguage speech recognition by computer : implications for SLA and computational machines (2001)

During the last decade, there has been a rapid growth in research into speech recognition by computer (SRC). Computerised voice recognition systems have been developed which are being used for a variety of applications. However there remain a whole range of issues which have to be elucidated and investigated before SRC can be broadly useful including for language learning purposes. It is well documented that speaker variability caused by accent is one of these issues and one of the major hurdles in accurate speech recognition. Foreign speaker recognition is particularly problematic to program for reasons that our work is beginning to suggest. In this paper we describe and compare the SRC of an interlanguage speaker of Italian/English versus a native speaker of English, both with repetitive strain disorder (RSD) and thus highly motivated, using the same software, DragonDictate, from Dragon Systems. Cognitive processes such as language transfer, fossilization and communication strategies are examined in light of the research. We illustrate the possibility of using SRC in second language research with particular emphasis on phonology. In this paper we not only explain our views of the potentials of this new technology in facilitating second language acquisition research but go to a more general applied linguistics issue where we briefly discuss some implications for the design of speech recognition systems for interlanguage speakers. This focus, we believe, can help make applied linguistics a main stream discipline, thereby increasing the job space for applied linguistics graduates.
Mutation analysis of <i>H19</i> and<i>NAP1L4</i> (<i>hNAP2</i>) candidate genes and <i>IGF2</i> DMR2 in Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (2000)

Editor—Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome (BWS) is a human overgrowth disorder with a variable phenotype and genetic heterogeneity. Recent data indicate that the BWS locus is subject to genomic imprinting and current evidence shows that in many patients the disease is associated with epigenetic lesions of genes on 11p15.5. BWS is characterised by pre- and postnatal overgrowth, macroglossia, and anterior abdominal wall defects. Additional, but variable complications include organomegaly, hypoglycaemia, hemihypertrophy, genitourinary abnormalities, and a predisposition to embryonal tumours in about 5% of patients.1 The genetics of BWS are complex, but parent of origin effects, suggesting genomic imprinting, have been implicated in the pathogenesis of three major groups of patients2: (1) for patients (∼2%) with chromosome 11p15.5 abnormalities, duplications are of paternal origin and balanced translocations or inversion breakpoints of maternal origin; (2) in familial cases (∼15% of all cases) which exhibit more complete penetrance with maternal transmission; and (3) approximately 20% of sporadic cases have uniparental disomy (paternal isodisomy) for chromosome 11p15.5. Cloning of genes in the vicinity of BWSCR1, the most distal breakpoint cluster associated with BWS balanced cytogenetic anomalies, and within the area of minimal disomy present in cases of paternal isodisomy, has led to the identification of a group of genes as potential candidates in the aetiopathology of BWS. Thus, multiple imprinted genes bounded centromerically by NAP1L4 and telomerically by L23mrp ( RPL23L ) have been identified.3-6 

For a gene to be a good candidate to account for a significant number of BWS cases, it should map to this region and constitute either a paternally expressed growth promoter or a maternally expressed growth inhibitor. However, because factors involved in maintaining or modifying genomic imprints may affect the epigenotype and therefore expression status of imprinted genes, it is possible that an underlying lesion in a non-imprinted …
Lipid II Is an Intrinsic Component of the Pore Induced by Nisin in Bacterial Membranes (2003)

The peptidoglycan layers surrounding bacterial membranes are essential for bacterial cell survival and provide an important target for antibiotics. Many antibiotics have mechanisms of action that involve binding to Lipid II, the prenyl chain-linked donor of the peptidoglycan building blocks. One of these antibiotics, the pore-forming peptide nisin uses Lipid II as a receptor molecule to increase its antimicrobial efficacy dramatically. Nisin is the first example of a targeted membrane-permeabilizing peptide antibiotic. However, it was not known whether Lipid II functions only as a receptor to recruit nisin to bacterial membranes, thus increasing its specificity for bacterial cells, or whether it also plays a role in pore formation. We have developed a new method to produce large amounts of Lipid II and variants thereof so that we can address the role of the lipid-linked disaccharide in the activity of nisin. We show here that Lipid II is not only the receptor for nisin but an intrinsic component of the pore formed by nisin, and we present a new model for the pore complex that includes Lipid II.
Interleukin 4 is important in protective immunity to a gastrointestinal nematode infection in mice. (1991)

Parasitic helminths typically induce components of immediate-type hypersensitivity, including elevated serum IgE, eosinophilia, and mucosal mast cells. These responses are T-cell-dependent and associated with rapid expulsion of parasitic worms from a sensitized host; existing experimental systems have failed to define the precise role of cytokines in these responses. We report here that anti-interleukin 4 or anti-interleukin 4 receptor antibodies block the polyclonal IgE response to a parasitic nematode, Heligmosomoides polygyrus, and abrogate protective immunity to the infection. In contrast, anti-interleukin 5 antibody prevented H. polygyrus-induced eosinophilia but did not prevent protection. These data provide evidence that a specific cytokine affects the physiology and survival of a parasitic nematode in the host.
Apparent diurnal effects in the global positioning system (1989)

Significant evidence is found indicating a systematic diurnal variation in the ephemeris and the propagation terms as transmitted from GPS (global positioning system) satellites. It is noted that the proper way to sort these out would be a two-frequency receiver. The presence of a similar diurnal variation even with a two-frequency P-code receiver is also indicated. The significance of using the P-code is that the chip rate of the pseudonoise code is 10 times higher, thus dividing by 10 the effect of multipath variations. It is also shown that a GPS clock can be characterized for periods of less than one day by removing the diurnal variation. It is assumed that the diurnal variation is a systematic error, not a feature of the clock. It is removed by taking only relevant fast Fourier transform values, inversely transforming them, and subtracting them in the time domain. The resultant (GPS-Global UTC(NIST)) data are presented with the Allan variance.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cells Bearing Mutations Causing Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy Are Sensitized to Fas-induced Apoptosis (2002)

Three prevalent mitochondrial DNA pathogenic mutations at positions 11778, 3460, and 14484, which affect different subunits of Complex I, cause retinal ganglion cell death and optic nerve atrophy in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON). The cell death is painless and without inflammation, consistent with an apoptotic mechanism. We have investigated the possibility that the LHON mutation confers a pro-apoptotic stimulus and have tested the sensitivity of osteosarcoma-derived cybrid cells carrying the most common and severe mutations (11778 and 3460) to cell death induced by Fas. We observed that LHON cybrids were sensitized to Fas-dependent death. Control cells that bear the same mitochondrial genetic background (the J haplogroup) without the pathogenic 11778 mutation are no more sensitive than other controls, indicating that increased Fas-dependent death in LHON cybrids was induced by the LHON pathogenic mutations. The type of death was apoptotic by several criteria, including induction by Fas, inhibition by the caspase inhibitor zVAD-fmk (zVal-Ala-Asp-fluoro-methyl ketone), activation of DEVDase activity (Asp-Glu-Val-Asp protease), specific cleavage of caspase-3, DNA fragmentation, and increased Annexin-V labeling. These data indicate that the most common and severe LHON pathogenic mutations 11778 and 3460 predispose cells to apoptosis, which may be relevant for the pathophysiology of cell death in LHON, and potential therapy.
Doxycycline Attenuated Pulmonary Fibrosis Induced by Bleomycin in Mice (2006)

The administration of doxycycline prior to bleomycin in mice attenuated pulmonary fibrosis. Bronchoalveolar neutrophil influx and gelatinase activity, but not caseinolytic activity, were attenuated by doxycycline. Established fibrosis was not affected by doxycycline. Thus, doxycycline might be useful for slowing down pulmonary fibrosis by biological activity other than antibacterial activity.
Study on Crane Tele-operation System Using Zero Phase Notch Filter and Model Predictive Control (2013)

This paper deals with control of crane tele-operation system considering power assisted conveyance. We design a new crane tele-operation system using zero phase notch filter and model predictive control. We apply the zero phase notch filter to power assist controller in master enviroment and apply the model predictive control to feedback controller in slave enviroment respectively. The zero phase notch filter enables to modify frequency characteristics of operating torque without signal distortion on the line in oder to suppress vibration of the load-rope of crane. The model predictive control enables to suppress vibration of the load-rope of crane sufficently in comparison with conventional system. Some results of simulation and experiment are given in order to verify the usefulness of our proposed system.
A MAC Protocol with Multi-User MIMO Support for Ad-Hoc WLANs (2007)

Multiple Input-Multiple Output (MIMO) is a wide set of multiple antenna technologies, which significantly increase the capacity of wireless networks, without additional bandwidth or increased transmission power. They are widely recognized as methods that can meet the ever growing network capacity requirements. With a MIMO physical layer (PHY), the transmission channel gains a layered structure, which gives another degree of freedom in scheduling transmissions. Additionally, support from higher layers with a cross-layer approach that provides efficient management of the channel's spatial layers, can significantly increase the networks' performance on both link and system level. Single-User-DCF (SU-DCF), a Multiple Access Control (MAC) protocol with the support for Single-User (SU)-MIMO transmissions in Ad-Hoc WLANs, has been previously presented. In this paper we extend that protocol to support Multi-User (MU) transmissions. In the new protocol - Multi-User-DCF (MU-DCF), destination stations for the frames in a MIMO frame can be different stations. We have studied and compared different transmission strategies and schedulers including the IEEE 802.1 In system, to explore the benefits of transmitting in MU mode.
Massive parallel bisulfite sequencing of CG-rich DNA fragments reveals that methylation of many X-chromosomal CpG islands in female blood DNA is incomplete (2009)

Methylation of CpG islands (CGIs) plays an important role in gene silencing. For genome-wide methylation analysis of CGIs in female white blood cells and in sperm, we used four restriction enzymes and a size selection step to prepare DNA libraries enriched with CGIs. The DNA libraries were treated with sodium bisulfite and subjected to a modified 454/Roche Genome Sequencer protocol. We obtained 163 034 and 129 620 reads from blood and sperm, respectively, with an average read length of 133 bp. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that 12 358 (7.6%) blood library reads and 10 216 (7.9%) sperm library reads map to 6167 and 5796 different CGIs, respectively. In blood and sperm DNA, we identified 824 (13.7%) and 482 (8.5%) fully methylated autosomal CGIs, respectively. Differential methylation, which is characterized by the presence of methylated and unmethylated reads of the same CGI, was observed in 53 and 52 autosomal CGIs in blood and sperm DNA, respectively. Remarkably, methylation of X-chromosomal CGIs in female blood cells was most often incomplete (25-75%). Such incomplete methylation was mainly found on the X-chromosome, suggesting that it is linked to X-chromosome inactivation.
Cellobiose uptake and metabolism by Ruminococcus flavefaciens (1991)

The cellulolytic ruminal bacterium Ruminococcus flavefaciens FD-1 utilizes cellobiose but not glucose as a substrate for growth. Cellobiose uptake by R. flavefaciens FD-1 was measured under anaerobic conditions (N2), using [G-3H]cellobiose. The rate of cellobiose uptake for early- or late-log-phase cellobiose-grown cells was 9 nmol/min per mg of whole-cell protein. Cellobiose uptake was inhibited by electron transport inhibitors, iron-reactive compounds, proton ionophores, sulfhydryl inhibitors, N,N-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide, and NaF, as well as lasalocid and monensin. The results support the existence of an active transport system for cellobiose. Transport of [U-14C]glucose was not detected with this system. Phosphorylation of cellobiose was not by a phosphoenolpyruvate-dependent system. Cellobiose phosphorylase activity was detected by both a coupled spectrophotometric assay and a discontinuous assay. The enzyme was produced constitutively in cellobiose-grown cells at a specific activity of 329 nmol/min per mg of cell-free extract protein.