gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Size Effects and Reliability of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 Thin Films (2002)

Thin films of (Ba,Sr)TiO3 (BST) deposited by Liquid Source MOCVD were investigated. BST is a candidate dielectric for future-generation DRAM and as a tunable dielectric. Two areas of both scientific and commercial interest were investigated. The first area is the effect of decreasing dimension on ferroelectric properties. Several theories of size effects in ferroelectrics were evaluated. The dielectric response of a set of BST films of thicknesses from 15 to 580 nm was measured from 85 to 580 K. These films were extensively characterized and the boundary conditions that often influence size effects measurements were considered, including strain, finite screening length in the electrode, depolarization fields in the ferroelectric, atmospheric effects, control of stochiometry, and others. The data set was compared to the theoretical predictions and it was determined that Finite Size Scaling provided the best fit to the data. Using this theory, the predicted dielectric response was compared to the requirements of future generations of DRAM and was found to be sufficient, if film strain can be controlled. The second area is reliability. The types of lifetime-limiting electrical failure observed in BST are resistance degradation, time dependant dielectric breakdown (tddb), and noisy breakdown. Previous work on BST reliability has largely focused on resistance degradation at high temperature. This condition is only a small subset of experimental space. This work extends the understanding of BST failure into the low temperature regime and evaluates the effects of both DC and AC stress. It was found that tddb is the dominant failure mode at low temperature and resistance degradation is the dominant failure modes at high temperature. Synthesizing this work with previous work on resistance degradation allowed a failure framework to be developed. Rigorous extrapolation of resistance degradation and tddb lifetimes was compared to the requirements of future generations of DRAM and was found that while resistance degradation will not limit device lifetimes, tddb will. Refinement of BST processing will be necessary to reduce the defect causing tddb failure.
Application of Plasma Jet Crystallization Technique to Fabrication of Thin-Film Transistor (2004)

The crystallization of a-Si films on glass substrates using the plasma jet crystallization (PJC) technique and its application to thin-film transistor fabrication were studied. Amorphous Si (a-Si) films deposited by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of 50% SiH 4 diluted with H 2 were crystallized by thermal plasma jet under the power of 1.6 to 2.6 kW input to the plasma source and the substrate scan speed of 170 to 1000 mm/s. The crystallinity of the films was improved by treating the films at a higher input power for a longer duration. Thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated using the crystallized films showed good electrical characteristics. By increasing the input power from 1.86 to 2.29 kW in the crystallization, the average field-effect mobility was increased from 42 to 61 cm 2 ·V -1 ·s -1 , and the threshold voltage was decreased from 4.0 to 3.4 V. These results indicate that the PJC technique is a very promising low-temperature process technology.
Vehicle Speed Prediction in a Convoy Using V2V Communication (2015)

This paper proposes a speed prediction scheme for multi-vehicle car-following scenarios, which involves vehicle intelligence, human drivers, and vehicle dynamics interacting with one another, under low vehicular communication penetration rates. The algorithm relies on a small number of vehicles equipped with communication capabilities and utilizes car-following models to predict the targeted vehicle's states for a horizon of seconds. Information gained through the proposed prediction/deduction method is useful for applications such as extensions of Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) or Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control (CACC), especially for the development of ACC/CACC with optimal fuel economy or improved safety objectives. The developed methodology is illustrated and verified through simulation examples.
Macromol. Rapid Commun. 1/2008 (2007)

Cover: The cover picture shows the ion‐induced negative‐shift of the lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of a novel thermo‐responsive smart copolymer. After capturing the guest potassium ions, the LCST value of the copolymer changes from LCST b to LCST a . The ion‐responsive behavior of the smart polymer is similar to the behavior of Venus flytraps. Further details can be found in the article by P. Mi, L.‐Y. Chu, * X.‐J. Ju, and C. H. Niu on page 27.
Follicle cell regulation of protein synthesis and developmental competence in sheep oocytes (1981)

The developmental capacity of sheep oocytes cultured outside the follicle was greatly increased by the presence of high concentrations of gonadotrophins (10 micrograms/ml) in the medium. However, even under these conditions, the developmental capacity of the oocytes was only half that of oocytes cultured within the intact follicle. The presence of the cumulus was essential for development; nearly all denuded oocytes failed to undergo cleavage. Maturational changes in the oocyte involving increased amino acid uptake increased incorporation and specific changes in protein synthesis were inhibited by the follicle cells; this suppression was alleviated by gonadotrophic hormones. The cumulus cells suppressed amino acid incorporation and, to some extent, the changes in protein synthesis. However, the suppression of amino acid uptake required the presence of the whole follicle. Patterns of protein synthesis by oocytes cultured outside the follicle differed from those in oocytes cultured within the follicle, irrespective of the presence of the cumulus or gonadotrophins. Analysis of single oocytes cultured outside the follicle showed that the protein profiles varied markedly even under identical culture conditions.
Collapsing flow topology using area metrics (1999)

Visualization of topological information of a vector field can provide useful information on the structure of the field. However, in turbulent flows standard critical point visualization will result in a cluttered image which is difficult to interpret. This paper presents a technique for collapsing topologics. The governing idea is to classify the importance of the critical points in the topology. By only displaying the more important critical points, a simplified depiction of the topology can be provided. Flow consistency is maintained when collapsing the topology, resulting in a visualization which is consistent with the original topology. We apply the collapsing topology technique to a turbulent flow field.
Sequence of ossification of the foot in marmosets (<i>Saguinus oedipus</i>) (1969)

Abstract The cleared and alizarin‐stained feet of eight marmoset ( Saguinus oedipus ) fetuses revealed a sequence of initial ossification of the 19 bones of the foot that is almost totally different from that of man. The most striking difference is in the order of ossification of the distal phalanx of the big toe; in man it is the first bone to commence ossification, in the marmoset it is the fourteenth. It is suggested that the sequence of initial ossification in the foot may be species specific among the primates and may serve as a useful marker of teratogenic action.
DIA-NN: Deep neural networks substantially improve the identification performance of Data-independent acquisition (DIA) in proteomics (2018)

Abstract Data-independent acquisition (DIA-MS) strategies, like SWATH-MS, have been developed to increase consistency, quantification precision and proteomic depth in label-free proteomic experiments. They aim to overcome stochasticity in the selection of precursor ions by utilising (mass-) windowed acquisition that is followed by computational reconstruction of the chromatograms. While DIA methods increasingly outperform typical data-dependent methods in identification consistency and precision specifically on large sample series, possibilities remain for further improvements. At present, only a fraction of the information recorded in the complex DIA spectra is extracted by the software analysis pipelines. Here we present a software tool (DIA-NN) that introduces artificial neural nets and a new quantification strategy to enhance signal processing in DIA-data. DIA-NN greatly improves identification of precursor ions and, as a consequence, protein quantification accuracy. The performance of DIA-NN demonstrates that deep learning provides opportunities to boost the analysis of data-independent acquisition workflows in proteomics.
After the fall (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of shame in entrepreneurship. Extant research in relation to the entrepreneurial process has tended to concentrate upon the entrepreneur as hero and other positive aspects of the process. Consequently, the darker sides of the entrepreneurial personality and enterprise culture such as the role of shame remain a relatively under researched facet of entrepreneurship theory. Despite this dearth of actual empirical studies, the negative aspects of entrepreneurial behaviour associated with the “flawed hero model of entrepreneurship” are implicitly understood. These negative aspects include hubris, tragedy, narcissism, over‐stretching, hedonism, personality disorders, status anxiety, self‐centeredness, destructive relationships, alcoholism, suicide and the most heinous of all, business failure. Design/methodology/approach The paper considers the deeply social phenomenon of shame on the entrepreneur and his or her world by developing a conceptual model of shame. The social script of shame is analysed as found in novels and as found in real life newspaper reports of such epic tragedies, using a chosen methodology of narrative analysis. Findings The world portrayed in narrative is very much a “man's world” in which shame is a personal construct, a penance to be endured or ended and in the process a narrative script is developed. Shame is a deeply personal cognitive emotion easier to study in narrative than in person. From the stories of flawed heroes we construct a holistic model of possible entrepreneurial trajectories that take cognisance of wellbeing issues and cover the unspoken events that occur after a fall from grace. But why should we expect the story to end with the entrepreneur in crisis staring into the abyss? Originality/value Little previous work has been undertaken to explore entrepreneurial shame using both the entrepreneurship literature and narrative analysis.
Viability of Lactobacillus gasseri and Its Cholesterol-Binding and Antimutagenic Activities During Subsequent Refrigerated Storage in Nonfermented Milk (1999)

The effect storage at 4 degrees C on the viability of Lactobacillus gasseri and its sodium taurocholate-deconjugating and cholesterol-binding abilities as well as desmutagenic activity was investigated. Unfermented milks containing L. gasseri strains SBT0274 and SBT0270 at 10(9) cfu/ml were prepared using 10% skim milk. Total and bile-tolerant lactobacilli for strains SBT0274 and SBT0270 generally decreased after 14 d of storage at 4 degrees C; however, viable cells of these strains were still at 10(8) cfu/ml after 28 d of storage. The amounts of cholic acid released and of cholesterol bound by strains SBT0274 and SBT0270 declined over time, especially at 21 d of storage. Antimutagenic activity of unfermented milk made from both strains was attributed to the bacterial cells, and the activity was stable during storage at 4 degrees C for 28 d.
Biomedical signal acquisition using "Labview" (2002)

Biomedical signal acquisition has advanced greatly over the years, encompassing many different technologies. With the increasing performance of personal computers, PC-based signal processing systems are becoming an efficient and cost-effective way of acquiring and analyzing these signals. The advanced analysis techniques available on the PC are becoming invaluable to the practicing physician. This paper describes a PC-based signal acquisition, processing and analysis system using Labview, a graphics-based programming language for engineering applications.
Behavioral and biochemical effects of amperozide and serotonin agents on nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine systems. (2008)

Central dopaminergic system serves two major physiological functions, i.e., motivation activation and motor coordination. The evidence that serotonergic system could modulate these two pathways suggests that serotonin (5-HT) and related agents may possess potential therapeutic values against certain mental or motor disorders caused by dopamine malfunction. This study presents novel modulatory role for serotonergic agents in rat behaviors which have been speculated to be associated with forebrain dopamine system. Three serotonergic agents, including DOI (5-HT2 agonist), ritanserin (5-HT2 antagonist) and amperozide (5-HT2/D2 antagonist) were evaluated, focused particularly on the atypical antipsychotic amperozide. It was found that both amperozide and ritanserin could inhibit amphetamine-induced hyperlocomotion, and only amperozide inhibited nomifensine-induced hyperlocomotion. Amperozide could also reduce significantly the rearing but not sniffing behaviors. Furthermore, DOI and amperozide, but not ritanserin, reduced the haloperidol-induced catalepsy. [corrected] When animals were unilaterally radiofrequency lesioned in either caudate putamen (CP) or nucleus accumbens (NA), amperozide reduced both the ipsi- and contralateral turns in CP-lesioned, but reduced only ipsilateral turns in NA-lesioned rats. Via in vivo microdialysis, we demonstrated that amperozide could increase the extracellular dopamine release in both CP and NA in either intact or para-chlorophenylalanine (p-CPA) serotonin-depleted rats. Overall, we conclude that the modulatory role of amperozide on forebrain dopamine system requires not only 5-HT2/D2 antagonistic but also the blockade of dopamine transporter.
Games of Stochastic Automata (1974)

The collective behavior of variable-structure stochastic automata in competitive game situations is investigated. It is demonstrated that when the automata use optimal or ε-optimal reinforcement schemes, the Von Neumann value is achieved for games against nature as well as for two-player zero-sum games having a saddle point. Computer simulations of the latter games also indicate that in the absenice of a saddle point the value of the game oscillates about the Von Neunmann value in mixed strategies.
Bandwidth-efficient trellis coded modulation schemes (1990)

The author proposes a scheme that shapes the power density spectrum of the transmitted signal to reduce its bandwidth. The encoder is modeled as a finite-state machine consisting of a shift register and a mapper. A pulse-shaping filter generates time-limited or Nyquist pulses. The whole system is optimized with respect to bandwidth and power efficiency, where average-power and peak-power criteria are considered. The author presents the achievable data rates of systems with quaternary input symbols and an out-of-band power of -20 dB for the various mappers and pulse-shaping filters considered. It can be seen that bandlimited pulses allow roughly a doubling of the data rate with respect to time-limited pulses. The bandwidth gain that can be reached with proper coding is remarkable. The drawback is the increased receiver complexity needed to resolve the intersymbol interference.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
PET imaging of neurogenic activity in the adult brain: Toward in vivo imaging of human neurogenesis (2017)

Neural stem cells are present in 2 neurogenic regions, the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), and continue to generate new neurons throughout life. Adult hippocampal neurogenesis is linked to a variety of psychiatric disorders such as depression and anxiety, and to the therapeutic effects of antidepressants, as well as learning and memory. In vivo imaging for hippocampal neurogenic activity may be used to diagnose psychiatric disorders and evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants. However, these imaging techniques remain to be established until now. Recently, we established a quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) imaging technique for neurogenic activity in the adult brain with 3'-deoxy-3'-[<sup>18</sup>F]fluoro-L-thymidine ([<sup>18</sup>F]FLT) and probenecid, a drug transporter inhibitor in blood-brain barrier. Moreover, we showed that this PET imaging technique can monitor alterations in neurogenic activity in the hippocampus of adult rats with depression and following treatment with an antidepressant. This PET imaging method may assist in diagnosing depression and in monitoring the therapeutic efficacy of antidepressants. In this commentary, we discuss the possibility of in vivo PET imaging for neurogenic activity in adult non-human primates and humans.
Cornification defect in the Golden retriever: clinical, histopathological, ultrastructural and genetic characterisation (2008)

Veterinarians have recognised a nonpruritic skin disease in the Golden retriever breed characterised by excessive scaling of large, variably pigmented flakes of skin in otherwise healthy dogs. This prospective case series describes clinical, histopathological, ultrastructural and genetic features of this cornification defect in 17 affected dogs. The condition affects young dogs of either sex and is characterised by symmetrical, predominantly ventro-lateral scaling and hyperpigmentation of the trunk. Histopathological and ultrastructural changes of the stratum corneum are suggestive of delayed degradation of corneodesmosomes. A genetic aetiology is proposed and a single-trait autosomal recessive mode of inheritance discussed.
Extensible Collagen in Mussel Byssus: A Natural Block Copolymer (1997)

To adhere to solid surfaces, marine mussels produce byssal threads, each of which is a stiff tether at one end and a shock absorber with 160 percent extensibility at the other end. The elastic extensibility of proximal byssus is extraordinary given its construction of collagen and the limited extension (less than 10 percent) of most collagenous materials. From the complementary DNA, we deduced that the primary structure of a collagenous protein (preCol-P) predominating in the extensible proximal portion of the threads encodes an unprecedented natural block copolymer with three major domain types: a central collagen domain, flanking elastic domains, and histidine-rich terminal domains. The elastic domains have sequence motifs that strongly resemble those of elastin and the amorphous glycine-rich regions of spider silk fibroins. Byssal thread extensibility may be imparted by the elastic domains of preCol-P.
Development of BACE1 Inhibitors for Alzheimers Disease (2006)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease and the most common cause of dementia. The production and accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides (Abeta) from the beta-amyloid precursor protein (APP) are believed to play a key role in the onset and progression of AD. BACE1 (beta-site APP cleaving enzyme 1) is the protease responsible for the N-terminal cleavage of APP leading to the production of Abeta peptides and the development of BACE1 inhibitors as potential therapeutic agents for AD has generated tremendous interests from both academia and the pharmaceutical industry. A wide variety of BACE1 inhibitors have been reported, several of which have demonstrated highly promising efficacy in animal models of AD. This review focuses on recent disclosures of BACE1 inhibitors in the patent and scientific literature, covering the period from approximately May 2004 to November 2005.
A scalable to lossless audio streaming system applicable to mobile devices (2011)

In this paper, we introduce an innovative, scalable to lossless audio streaming system applicable to mobile platforms. In the system, bit streams in MPEG-4 Scalable to Lossless Coding (SLS) audio format are used and the scalability feature of SLS audio is fully utilized. In the streaming server, the conventional streaming process is enhanced by delivering data packets adaptively with the dynamics of real-time network bandwidth. In the streaming client, the directshow technology is exploited efficiently. The system is capable of acting as the platform paradigm of the next generation system of streaming high quality music to mobile devices.
Automatic speed measurements of spherical objects using an off-the-shelf digital camera (2005)

A method for automatic speed measurements of spherical objects using a digital camera is presented. Conventional speed measurement techniques use radar or laser based devices, which are usually more expensive compared to a passive camera system. In this work, a single image captured with object motion is used to estimate the speed of a spherical object (such as baseball). Due to the relative motion between the camera and a moving object during the camera exposure time, motion blur occurs in the dynamic region of the image. By identifying the motion blur parameters, the speed of a moving object can be obtained. Automatic target identification and motion estimation are first done by motion blur analysis, followed by more accurate blur identification using circle fitting of the spherical object. Finally, the object speed is calculated according to the imaging geometry, camera pose, and blur extent in the image.
Synthesis of .ALPHA.-amino-cycloheptatriene-1-acetic acids and their 7-acylaminocephalosporin derivatives. (1982)

tert-Butyl α-amino-2, 4, 6-cycloheptatriene-1-acetate (6) was prepared by treatment of tert-butyl N-benzylideneglycinate (5) with n-butyllithium followed by reaction with tropylium tetrafluoroborate. Heating 6 in xylene resulted in isomerization to tert-butyl α-amino-1, 3, 6-cycloheptatriene-1-acetate (7). Both the glycine derivatives were utilized for the acylation of a 7-amino-3-deacetoxycephalosporanic acid (7-ADCA) derivative (10) to obtain the orally active acyl derivative (14).
Prognostic significance of polo-like kinase (PLK) expression in squamous cell carcinomas of the head and neck. (1999)

Previously, we demonstrated that the mammalian polo-like kinase (PLK), which participates in the regulation of the cell cycle, is a novel marker of cellular proliferation. Because current prognostic tools for the evaluation of patients with head and neck squamous cell cancer (HNSCC) need to be improved, we analyzed 89 patients and found elevated PLK expression in most tumors. Nodal stage as a crucial prognostic factor in HNSCC also correlated to PLK transcript levels (P = 0.0043). A Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that HNSCC patients with moderate versus high PLK expression survived significantly longer (5-year survival rates, 43% versus 12%; P = 0.0047). Interestingly, a combination of nodal stage and PLK expression contributed to discriminate patients with a better prognosis in the pN(0/1) and pN(2/3) groups, which could improve the definition of a suitable therapy.
Triple level polysilicon E<sup>2</sup>PROM with single transistor per bit (1980)

An electrically-erasable, floating-gate PROM cell utilizing three levels of polysilicon is described. The cell is programmed via a channel injection mechanism similar to EPROMS. Erasure is accomplished with the third level of polysilicon which serves as an erase electrode causing field emission of electrons from the edges of the floating-gate. Conventional NMOS processing is used and all oxides are thicker than 800A. An adaptive erase feature is used to prevent over erasure into depletion and eliminates the requirement of a gating or series enhancement transistor. Endurance (ability to program and erase repeatedly), of a single cell is greater than 1000 cycles and is limited by electron trapping. Data retention has been experimentally determined to be comparable to EPROMs (greater than 10 years).