gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single carrier charge collection in semiconductor nuclear detectors (1977)

For good energy resolution, the planar contact configuration requires good collection efficiency of both carriers. With shperical contacts, nuclear spectroscopy with energy resolutions as good as 3 % and nearly full charge collection is possible with only single carrier collection. This widens the class of semi-conductors that can be used for nuclear detectors. Theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that the differences in performance obtained with planar, semi-cylindrical and hemispherical devices occur because the induced charge depends on the geometry and the charge displacement and because the charge trapping is reduced by high electric fields. For hemispherical detectors, the effects of contact radii, electron and hole mobility-lifetime products, and voltage magnitude and polarity on the values of energy resolutions and full energy efficiency for γ-rays, are shown. Examples of gamma spectra observed with hemispherical HgI2 and CdTe detectors are given.
A CdS-modified TiO<sub>2</sub>nanocrystalline photoanode for efficient hydrogen generation by visible light (2008)

Cadmium sulfide (CdS) was in situ synthesized onto mesoporous TiO(2) films and used as a sensitizer to fabricate a photoelectrode for hydrogen generation in visible light. The incorporation of CdS extends the optical absorption threshold of a TiO(2) electrode to visible light, enhancing the visible-light-induced photocurrent. A maximum photoconversion efficiency of 3.67% was achieved for this CdS-sensitized TiO(2) electrode under visible light illumination of 100 mW cm(-2). The hydrogen generation rate obtained at conditions of maximum efficiency is 95.5 µmol cm(-2) h(-1). To the best of our knowledge, the hydrogen generation rate is the highest among those reported for a photoelectrochemical cell under the illumination of visible light.
Electrowetting with Electrolytes (2006)

A theory of electrowetting is developed for systems containing an interface between two immiscible electrolytic solutions. Laws for the dependence of contact angle on electrode potential are presented. Ionic impermeability of the liquid-liquid interface and nonlinear double-layer responses rationalize observed phenomena such as contact-angle saturation and droplet contraction or detachment. The theoretical results can be applied to design new, precisely controllable microfluidic devices.
A bioinspired study on the compressive resistance of helicoidal fibre structures (2017)

Helicoidal fibre structures are widely observed in natural materials. In this paper, an integrated experimental and analytical approach was used to investigate the compressive resistance of helicoidal fibre structures. First, helicoidal fibre-reinforced composites were created using three-dimensionally printed helicoids and polymeric matrices, including plain, ring-reinforced and helix-reinforced helicoids. Then, load-displacement curves under monotonic compression tests were collected to measure the compressive strengths of helicoidal fibre composites. Fractographic characterization was performed using an X-ray microtomographer and scanning electron microscope, through which crack propagations in helicoidal structures were illustrated. Finally, mathematical modelling was performed to reveal the essential fibre architectures in the compressive resistance of helicoidal fibre structures. This work reveals that fibre-matrix ratios, helix pitch angles and interlayer rotary angles are critical to the compressive resistance of helicoidal structures.
Time dispersion measurements using a SSFIP base station antenna (2003)

A novel type of base station antenna using strip-slot-foam-inverted-patch (SSFIP) arrays is proposed. The SSFIP configuration offers many advantages. The microstrip technology used in the feed network allows to tailor the antenna pattern to a wide range of applications. The antenna is very flat (about 4 cm thick), and thus can be unobtrusively mounted on a wall. Unlike conventional microstrip antennas, the SSFIP antennas have a broad bandwidth ( approximately 13%) suitable for mobile radio and personal communications applications. Measurements in cellular radio environments with a seven-element SSFIP array are compared to other conventional dipole array antennas. It is shown that the SSFIP array offers an alternative to conventional base station antennas.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Prototype Medical Workstation for Computer-Assisted Stereotactic Neurosurgery (1990)

We have developed a prototype display workstation for use in stereotactic neurosurgery. Patient image data from computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and digital subtraction angiography are acquired with the stereotactic frame in place and subsequently transferred to the workstation for further processing. Target points may be identified on any image type and probe trajectories defined. Any point or line indicated on one set of images may be transferred immediately to other images, to determine, for instance, safe avascular probe paths. We present some general outlines for the use of computers for stereotactic neurosurgery and discuss the different components of the current system. Finally, we make some suggestions as to further developments.
Dietary Protein, Life-span, and Biochemical Variables in Female Mice (1976)

The 50% mortality of female C57BL/6J mice fed ad libitum a diet which contained 26% or 4% casein, was 23.5 and 28 mo., respectively. Diet did not markedly affect the age-associated changes in the collagen content of the extractability of collagen of skin. In general, the activities of enzymes based on DNA were low in the restricted animals.
Human esophageal carcinomas frequently express the tumor‐rejection antigens of <i>MAGE</i> genes (1995)

The human genes MAGE-1 and -3 encode melanoma peptide antigens that are recognized by autologous cytotoxic T lymphocytes. Tumors expressing MAGE genes are potential targets for cancer immunotherapy, because MAGE genes are expressed only in tumor tissue and not in any normal tissue except testis and placenta. However, little is known about MAGE gene expression in human esophageal carcinoma. The purpose of this study was therefore to analyze MAGE gene status in human esophageal carcinoma. We studied the expression status of these genes in 42 surgical samples and in 12 cell lines of human esophageal carcinoma using the reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Various clinicopathological factors were also analyzed. No MAGE gene expression was seen in any of the 42 normal esophageal tissue specimens. In contrast, tumor tissue expressed MAGE-1, -2, and -3 in 26, 18 and 24 specimens, respectively. Thirty-three of 42 tumors expressed at least one MAGE gene. Significant clinicopathologic differences between the tumors were not observed, regardless of the presence or absence of MAGE gene expression. In cell lines, MAGE-1, -2, and -3 gene expression was recognized in 5, 4 and 4 cell lines, respectively. This study demonstrates that MAGE genes are frequently expressed in clinical samples as well as in cell lines of esophageal carcinoma. The identification of MAGE genes, therefore, may open up a new modality of treatment, namely specific immunotherapy, for patients with esophageal carcinoma.
Effect of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor, Nerve Growth Factor, and Neurotrophin-3 on Functional Recovery and Regeneration After Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Rats (2000)

This study examined whether continuous intramedullary infusion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF), or neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) had either an early neuroprotective effect or a delayed effect on regeneration after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult rats. BDNF, NGF, NT-3 or vehicle was infused at a rate of 625 ng/h into the SCI site at T3 through an implanted cannula attached to an osmotic pump. This infusion was maintained for 14 days after a 35-g clip compression injury. At 4 weeks after injury, the axonal tracer fluorogold (FG) was introduced into the spinal cord caudal to the lesion and the animals sacrificed 3 days later following behavioral assessment. The inclined plane score was significantly higher in BDNF-treated animals (45 +/- 3 degrees) compared to control animals (36 -/+ 1 degrees) at 1 week after injury (p < 0.05), although the scores were not significantly different at later times. BDNF-treated animals also showed more FG-labeled cells in the red nucleus and sensorimotor cortex (1,638 +/- 350 and 124 +/- 83, respectively) compared to controls (1,228 +/- 217 and 36 +/- 15, respectively) and a lower percent cavitation at the injury site (21.4 +/- 10.4%) compared to control animals (32.3 +/- 11.7%). Invasion & proliferation of Schwann cells and formation of peripheral myelin were more prominent at the injury site in the BDNF-treated animals than in the other groups. These results indicate that continuous intramedullary infusion of BDNF provides neuroprotection and enhances some regenerative activity after SCI.
Tamoxifen and vitamin E treatments delay symptoms in the mouse model of Niemann-Pick C. (2004)

Niemann-Pick C disease (NPC) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disorder without current treatment. It is the result of deficient intracellular cholesterol movement. We investigated the effects of tamoxifen and vitamin E (D-alpha tocopherol) treatment on patterns of weight loss and motor function in the mouse model of Niemann-Pick C disease (Npc1-/- mice). Tamoxifen has multiple metabolic effects, including reducing oxidative damage, while vitamin E primarily has this property. Npc1-/- mice were identified and treatment was initiated at an approximate age of 21 days. Tamoxifen suspended in peanut oil was administered via intraperitoneal injection (weekly, at a dose calculated to deliver 0.023 microg/g/day). Vitamin E (25 IU) was administered orally via gavage once a week. Weight loss and Rota-Rod performance were analyzed by using Kaplan-Meyer survival curves. Tamoxifen treatment by itself significantly delayed weight loss (an endpoint of neurodegeneration) in male and female mice compared to untreated controls. Motor function was evaluated by performance on a Rota-Rod. Tamoxifen maintained Rota-Rod performance for about an extra week. Vitamin E treatment significantly delayed weight loss in females only. Rota-Rod performance was maintained slightly longer in mice treated with vitamin E. Simultaneous use of both treatments did not delay weight loss longer than tamoxifen-only treatment but had a greater effect than either treatment alone on Rota-Rod performance and demonstrated a significant positive effect on the early "learning curve" portion of the Rota-Rod evaluations. We found significant but relatively small improvements in rate of disease progression by treating Npc1-/- mice with tamoxifen and/or vitamin E. Some sex differences in response and an early improvement in Rota-Rod performance suggest areas for further study.
Aeinrst Transposals on the Internet (2000)

In the August 1998 issue of Word Ways, I embarked on "The AEINRST Problem", a wide-ranging search for transposals of the letters AEINRST. In that article, I presented transposals for 155 different sequences of these letters (counting RAINEST and RAINE ST as the same sequence). Since then I have discovered additional transposals in dribs and drabs. Four of these were parceled up in the November 1999 Colloquy: ARTESIN, ATIN-RES, ENTAIRS and S'INTREA, bringing the number of transposals to 159.
ISIS Segment Routing Flexible Algorithm (2018)

IGP protocols traditionally compute best paths over the network based
on the IGP metric assigned to the links. Many network deployments use
RSVP based or Segment Routing based Traffic Engineering to enforce
traffic over a path that is computed using different metrics or
constrains then IGP path. Various mechanisms are used to steer the
traffic towards such traffic engineered paths. This document proposes
a solution that allows IGPs itself to compute constrained based path
over the network without the usage of the traffic engineering.
Performance Analysis of Node Placement in Linear Wireless Sensor Networks (2014)

Linear wireless sensor networks (LWSNs) are captivating significant attention because of their suitability for wide-range of applications. These applications dictate the topology of the network (i.e., placement of nodes) and introduce unique challenges such as non-uniform energy consumption. Moreover, these applications require LWSNs to operate for decades. However, sensor nodes with severe energy constraints may not be able to meet that expectation. Therefore, the network lifetime is one of the most prominent barriers in deploying LWSN for large-scale applications.Strategic placement of nodes can significantly improve the network performance. This paper investigates the state-of-the-art node placement schemes and analyzes their performance for LWSN. First, we analyze the performance of random and uniform placement schemes in linear sequential configuration while placing the gateway (GW) at the edge of the deployment region. Then, we present a non-uniform scheme called linearly decreasing distance (LDD) and analyze its performance. To make uniform energy consumption, LDD gradually decreases the distance between nodes and place them closer to each other towards the GW. We also analyze the impact of GW location on the network performance. Simulation results suggest that non-uniform sensor placement schemes such as LDD and strategic deployment of GW can significantly improve network performance.
Development of Analytical Method for <sup>14</sup>C Determination in Biomedical Sample by Laser Spectroscopy (2018)

医薬品開発プロセスにおいて，放射性炭素（14C）標識化合物をヒトに単回投与してヒト薬物動態を評価するマイクロドーズ臨床試験が実用化されつつあり，医薬品開発の低コスト化とリードタイムの大幅短縮が期待されている。本研究では，マイクロドーズ臨床試験における高感度と低コストを兼ね備えた簡便な14C測定への適用を念頭に，高感度レーザー分光に基づく生体試料中14C分析システムを開発した。
Intrusion Detection System Methodologies Based on Data Analysis (2010)

With the rapidly growing and wide spread use of computer networks the number of new threats has grown extensively. Intrusion and detection system can only identifying and protecting the attacks successfully. In this paper we focuses on detailed study of different types of attacks using in KDD99CUP Data Set and classification of IDS are also presented. They are Anomaly Detection System, Misuse Detection Systems. Different Data Analysis Methodologies also explained for IDS. To identify eleven data computing techniques associated with IDS are divided groups into categories. Some of those methods are based on computation such as Fuzzy logic and Bayesian networks, some are Artificial Intelligence such as Expert Systems, agents and neural networks some other are biological concepts such as Genetics and Immune systems.
Mature T-cell Lymphomagenesis Induced by Retroviral Insertional Activation of Janus Kinase 1 (2013)

Retroviral vectors (RVs) are powerful tools in clinical gene therapy. However, stable genomic integration of RVs can be oncogenic, as reported in several animal models and in clinical trials. Previously, we observed that T-cell receptor (TCR) polyclonal mature T cells are resistant to transformation after gammaretroviral transfer of (proto-)oncogenes, whereas TCR-oligoclonal T cells were transformable in the same setting. Here, we describe the induction of a mature T-cell lymphoma (MTCL) in TCR-oligoclonal OT-I transgenic T cells, transduced with an enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-encoding gammaretroviral vector. The tumor cells were of a mature T-cell phenotype and serially transplantable. Integration site analysis revealed a proviral hit in Janus kinase 1 (Jak1), which resulted in Jak1 overexpression and Jak/STAT-pathway activation, particularly via signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Specific inhibition of Jak1 markedly delayed tumor growth. A systematic meta-analysis of available gene expression data on human mature T-cell lymphomas/leukemias confirmed the relevance of Jak/STAT overexpression in sporadic human T-cell tumorigenesis. To our knowledge, this is the first study to describe RV-associated insertional mutagenesis in mature T cells.
Performance of Prototype Experimental Gas-Cooled Reactor Fuel Under Extreme Conditions (1965)

A series of experiments to test the Experimental Gas-Cooled Reactor (EGCR) fuel element concept was conducted in the Oak Ridge Research Reactor (ORR) and the Engineering Test Reactor (ETR). The elements tested were sintered UO2 fuel pellets contained in stainless steel tubing. Principal test variables were fuel pellet geometry, cladding temperature, and fuel burnup. After irradiation, the elements were examined for dimensional stability, integrity of the cladding, the fractional release of fission gas from the fuel, and any interactions between the fuel and the cladding.Some elements were subjected to unusual and extreme conditions of operation and others were not built to EGCR specifications. Such elements experienced three types of failure: 1) severe cladding fractures, 2) microscopic cladding defects, and 3) failures in associated components. Detailed examination of these experiments showed potential problems which may occur if EGCR fuel elements are operated outside design conditions.
Low Salinity Oil Recovery – Log-Inject-Log (2003)

Abstract Many laboratory coreflood studies have shown increased oil recovery is achieved by waterflooding using low salinity water, compared with injection of seawater or high salinity produced water. The reasons for this improved oil recovery are thought to be due to effective wettability changes and / or controlled removal of clay constituents. This paper describes a log-inject-log field test, designed to identify whether this phenomenon could be observed within the near well region of a reservoir. The log-inject-log test was meticulously designed and executed, to ensure that flow rates were maintained at low rates, and that cross flow was minimised, to ensure that the results were representative of bulk reservoir waterflood displacement. A producing well was selected for the test to ensure that all saturation changes occurred under stringently controlled test conditions and that the results would not be affected by previous high rate water injection. 10 - 15 ‘pore volumes’ of high salinity brine, were injected into the ‘volume of interest’, to obtain a baseline residual oil saturation. This was followed by sequences of more dilute brine followed by high salinity brine for calibration purposes. Multiple log passes were conducted during injection of each brine. At least three further passes were run to ensure that a stable saturation value had been established after injection of each brine. Extensive water sampling was conducted to confirm brine salinities and increase confidence in the quantitative saturation results. The results were in line with previous laboratory tests from other fields, and showed 25 - 50% reduction in residual oil saturation when waterflooding with low salinity brine.
Silicon‐based light emitters (2006)

Abstract A new concept for a Si light emitting diode (LED) capable of emitting efficiently at 1.55 µm or at 1.3 µm, respectively, is proposed. It utilizes radiation from a well‐defined dislocation network created in a reproducible manner by direct Si wafer bonding. The wavelength of the light emitted from the network can be tailored by adjusting the misorientation between the Si wafers. That way dominance of radiation at 1.55 µm (D1 line) or at 1.3 µm (D3 line) was achieved. There are hints that decoration of the dislocations by oxygen enhances the intensity of the D1 radiation. A critical analysis of the light emitter proposed by W. L. Ng et al. [Nature 410 , 192 (2001)] using band‐to‐band emission is given. Its application at the above wavelengths would require a few microns thick SiGe layer on top of the Si substrate. (© 2006 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Generalized PLS regression (2001)

Abstract The present paper develops a class of generalized partial least squares (GPLS) regression methods. GPLS can be regarded as a kind of weighted partial least squares regression method. Two special cases of them, ridge partial least squares (RPLS) and generalized ridge partial least squares (GRPLS) regression methods, are discussed in detail. RPLS and GRPLS combine partial least squares (PLS) with ridge regression (RR) and generalized ridge regression (GRR) respectively. It is shown that the estimated coefficient vectors by RPLS and GRPLS are shrunken PLS estimators and their prediction power is not so sensitive to the components included in the model compared to PLS. The four methods RR, PLS, RPLS and GRPLS are compared on the basis of three data sets under the criteria of prediction residual error sum of squares (PRESS) and mean squared error of prediction (MSEP). Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The Ability of Phosphates or κ-Carrageenan to Coagulate Whey Proteins and the Possible Uses of Such Coagula in Cheese Manufacture (1998)

A method is postulated for manufacturing cheese in which whey proteins are coagulated by food-grade phosphates or anionic polyelectrolytes and the aggregates are incorporated into casein coagula produced from concentrated UF retentates. The ability of monosodium phosphate, tetrasodium pyrophosphate, sodium hexametaphosphate, monobasic calcium phosphate, or k-carrageenan to coagulate whey proteins to facilitate this manufacturing procedure was evaluated in solutions of whey protein concentrate at various pH and heat treatments. Treatments that were selected to produce whey protein coagulates included 0.20% tetrasodium pyrophosphate, followed by 0.15% calcium chloride after 5 min in whey protein solutions at pH 6.4, 0.05% sodium hexametaphosphate in whey protein solutions at pH 2.5, or 0.05% k-carrageenan in whey protein solutions at pH 4.6. The treated whey protein solutions (13.3 ml) were combined with UF retentates prepared from whole milk with a concentration factor (by weight) of 4.8 (66.7 ml), the mixtures were set with rennet, and the coagula were analyzed after 20 and 30 min. Addition of solutions of treated whey protein to the UF retentate generally increased syneresis while reducing curd tension, coagulum hardness, and protein recovery (calculated) in the coagula.
Anti-microbial Action against Verotoxigenic<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 of Nitric Oxide Derived from Sodium Nitrite (2004)

The levels of verotoxin-1 and verotoxin-2 released by verotoxigenic Escherichia coli O157:H7 treated in vitro with sodium nitrite, sodium chloride and several antibiotics were evaluated. Of the three strains of E. coli O157:H7 used in this study, two strains produced both verotoxin-1 and verotoxin-2, and one strain produced only verotoxin-2. Treatment of E. coli O157:H7 with sodium nitrite (6000 mg/l, minimum inhibitory concentration) did not increase the levels of verotoxin-1 and verotoxin-2 compared with a treatment by sodium chloride or antibiotics. When the electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of sodium nitrite-treated bacterial cells was examined at 77 K to clarify the mechanism for the anti-bacterial activity of nitric oxide derived from sodium nitrite, electron paramagnetic resonance signals with g-values of 2.035 and 2.010 were observed. These were identified as being derived from iron-nitric oxide complexes. It appears that the dinitrosyl iron complexes in the E. coli O157:H7 cells were generated from the reaction of iron-sulfur proteins (enzymes) with nitric oxide formed by the reduction of sodium nitrite. The amount of ATP was decreased by the presence of sodium nitrite in the cell suspension. These findings indicate that nitric oxide derived from sodium nitrite penetrated the cells and inactivated enzymes related to the respiratory chain.