gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric oxide accounts for histamine-induced increases in macromolecular extravasation (1994)

The goal of this study was to determine the role of nitric oxide in histamine-induced increases in macromolecular extravasation in the hamster cheek pouch in vivo. We used intravital fluorescent microscopy and fluorescein isothiocyanate dextran (FITC-dextran; mol wt = 70,000 K) to examine extravasation from postcapillary venules in response to histamine before and after application of an enzymatic inhibitor of nitric oxide, NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMMA; 1.0 microM). Increases in extravasation of macromolecules were quantitated counting the number of venular leaky sites. Histamine (1.0 and 5.0 microM) increased the number of venular leaky sites from zero (basal conditions) to 11 +/- 1 and 21 +/- 2/0.11 cm2, respectively. Superfusion of L-NMMA (1.0 microM) and LY-83583 (1.0 microM) significantly decreased histamine-induced formation of venular leaky sites, whereas L-arginine (100 microM) potentiated histamine-induced formation of venular leaky sites. In contrast, superfusion of NG-monomethyl-D-arginine (1.0 microM) did not inhibit the formation of venular leaky sites in response to histamine. Thus the findings of the present study suggest that production of nitric oxide, and subsequent activation of guanylate cyclase, plays an important role in macromolecular efflux in vivo in response to histamine.
Expression of CCR5 Increases during Monocyte Differentiation and Directly Mediates Macrophage Susceptibility to Infection by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (1998)

The stage of differentiation and the lineage of CD4+ cells profoundly affect their susceptibility to infection by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). While CD4(+) T lymphocytes in patients are readily susceptible to HIV-1 infection, peripheral blood monocytes are relatively resistant during acute or early infection, even though monocytes also express CD4 and viral strains with macrophage (M)-tropic phenotypes predominate. CCR5, the main coreceptor for M-tropic viruses, clearly contributes to the ability of CD4+ T cells to be infected. To determine whether low levels of CCR5 expression account for the block in infection of monocytes, we examined primary monocyte lineage cells during differentiation. Culturing of blood monocytes for 5 days led to an increase in the mean number of CCR5-positive cells from <20% of monocytes to >80% of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM). Levels of CCR5 expression per monocyte were generally lower than those on MDM, perhaps below a minimum threshold level necessary for efficient infection. Productive infection may be restricted to the small subset of monocytes that express relatively high levels of CCR5. Steady-state CCR5 mRNA levels also increased four- to fivefold during MDM differentiation. Infection of MDM by M-tropic HIV-1JRFL resulted in >10-fold-higher levels of p24, and MDM harbored >30-fold more HIV-1 DNA copies than monocytes. In the presence of the CCR5-specific monoclonal antibody (MAb) 2D7, virus production and cellular levels of HIV-1 DNA were decreased by >80% in MDM, indicating a block in viral entry. There was a direct association between levels of CCR5 and differentiation of monocytes to macrophages. Levels of CCR5 were related to monocyte resistance and macrophage susceptibility to infection because infection by the M-tropic strain HIV-1JRFL could be blocked by MAb 2D7. These results provide direct evidence that CCR5 functions as a coreceptor for HIV-1 infection of primary macrophages.
<i>In Vivo</i> Inhibition of Seed Development and Reserve Protein Accumulation in Recombinants of Abscisic Acid Biosynthesis and Responsiveness Mutants in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (1989)

In Arabidopsis thaliana, seed development in recombinants of the ABA-deficient aba mutant with the ABA response mutants abi1 or abi3 is compared to wild type and the monogenic parents. Aberrant seed development occurred in the aba,abi3 recombinant and was normal in aba,abi1, abi3 and aba,abi1 seeds. Embryos of the recombinant aba,abi3 seeds maintained the green color until maturity, the seeds kept a high water content, did not form the late abundant 2S and 12S storage proteins, were desiccation intolerant, and often showed viviparous germination. Application of ABA, and particularly of an ABA analog, to the roots of plants during seed development partially alleviated the aberrant phenotype. Seeds of aba,abi3 were normal when they developed on a mother plant heterozygous for Aba. In contrast to seed development, the induction of dormancy was blocked in all monogenic mutants and recombinants. Dormancy was only induced by embryonic ABA; it could not be increased by maternal ABA or ABA applied to the mother plant. It is concluded that endogenous ABA has at least two different effects in developing seeds. The nature of these responses and of the ABA response system is discussed.
The characterization of indium desorbed Si surfaces for low temperature surface cleaning in Si molecular beam epitaxy (1985)

To investigate the feasibility of using indium to replace Ga as an agent for silicon surface cleaning at lower substrate temperature in ultrahigh vacuum, we have examined the in-diffusion of indium and the surface defects introduced into silicon for various indium desorption processes. TEM, SEM, AES, SIMS, EDAX, and DLTS, as well as spreading resistance measurements, were used to characterize the samples. For the dynamic desorption case, which simulated the actual cleaning procedure, no significant surface defects were identified, nor was there any indium in the near surface region of the silicon substrate.
Design, Fabrication, and Characterization of Scandium Aluminum Nitride-Based Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasonic Transducers (2017)

This paper presents the design, fabrication, and characterization of piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducers (PMUTs) based on scandium aluminum nitride (Sc <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</sub> N) thin films (x = 15%). ScAlN thin film was prepared with a dual magnetron system and patterned by a reactive ion etching system utilizing chlorine-based chemistry with an etching rate of 160 nm/min. The film was characterized by X-ray diffraction, which indicated a crystalline structure expansion compared with pure AlN and a well-aligned ScAlN film. ScAlN PMUTs were fabricated by a two-mask process based on cavity SOI wafers. ScAlN PMUTs with 50and 40-μm diameter had a large dynamic displacement sensitivity measured in air of 25 nm/V at 17 MHz and 10 nm/V at 25 MHz, twice that of AlN PMUTs with the same dimensions. The peak displacement as a function of electrode coverage was characterized, with maximum displacement achieved with an electrode radius equal to 70% of the PMUT radius. Electrical impedance measurements indicated that the ScAlN PMUTs had 36% greater electromechanical coupling coefficient (k2t ) compared with AlN PMUTs. The output pressure of a 7 × 7 ScAlN PMUT array was 0.7 kPa/V at ~1.7 mm away from the array, which is approximately three times greater that of an 8 × 8 AlN PMUT array with the same element geometry and fill factor measured at the same distance. Acoustic spreading loss and PMUT insertion loss from mechanical transmit to receive were characterized with a 15 × 15 ScAlN PMUT array via hydrophone and laser Doppler vibrometer.
Cyber-Security, Aerospace, and Secure Satellite Communications - Evolving our Approach (2016)

Dr. Rowe has worked for nearly two decades in security and network architecture with a variety of industries in
Conservative treatment of early breast cancer. Long-term results of 1232 cases treated with quadrantectomy, axillary dissection, and radiotherapy. (1990)

One thousand two hundred and thirty-two women with invasive breast cancer lesions measuring less than 2 cm in diameter, clinically assessed as T1N0-1M0, were treated from 1970 to 1983 at the National Cancer Institute of Milan with quadrantectomy, axillary dissection, and radiotherapy (QUART). Pathologic evidence of lymph-nodes metastases was found in 32% of the patients. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years from surgery was 91% and 78%, respectively. The cumulative probability of survival tends to decrease with increasing tumor size: the 7-year survival rate was 84% in cases in which lesions measured from 1.6 to 2.0 cm, and 94% in cases in which the lesions were less than 0.5 cm. Tumor site in the treated breast did not affect distant outcome. No difference was found between the patients without node metastases and patients with one node involved, whereas the patients with more than one node showed a lower probability of survival. The survival curves of 352 cases treated inside a randomized trial and that of 880 cases routinely treated appear to be superimposable. Local recurrences and new primary ipsilateral tumors were, respectively, 35 (2.8%) and 19 (1.6%); 56 women with local recurrences or second tumors underwent second surgery (total mastectomy, 43; wide resection, 11). Five of them died from distant spread of breast cancer, while 49 are alive and well. In the contralateral breasts 45 carcinomas were recorded during the follow-up time. The results of the present analysis of a large number of T1 cases reconfirm the safety of integrated radiosurgical conservative treatments.
Brain Differences in Infants at Differential Genetic Risk for Late-Onset Alzheimer Disease (2013)

While our findings should be considered preliminary, this study demonstrates some of the earliest brain changes associated with the genetic predisposition to AD. It raises new questions about the role of APOE in normal human brain development, the extent to which these processes are related to subsequent AD pathology, and whether they could be targeted by AD prevention therapies.
Subelectron readout noise focal plane arrays for space imaging (2004)

Readout noise levels of under 1 electron have long been a goal for the FPA community. In the quest to enhance the FPA sensitivity, various approaches have been attempted ranging from the exotic Photo-multiplier tubes, Image Intensifier tubes, Avalanche photo diodes, and now the on-chip avalanche charge amplification technologies from the CCD manufacturers. While these techniques reduce the readout noise, each offers a set of compromises that negatively affect the overall performance of the sensor in parameters such as power dissipation, dynamic range, uniformity or system complexity. In this work, we overview the benefits and tradeoffs of each approach, and introduce a new technique based on ImagerLabs’ exclusive HIT technology which promises sub-electron read noise and other benefits without the tradeoffs of the other noise reduction techniques.
Exip, a splicing variant of p38α, participates in interleukin‐1 receptor proximal complex and downregulates NF‐κB pathway (2004)

The members of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase, especially specific inhibitors such as SB203580 sensitive isoforms, have been shown to play important roles in immune responses as well as in many biological events. In the course of our study to understand how p38 can be responsible for numerous biological phenomena, we have recently identified Exip, an alternative splicing variant of p38alpha. Exip retains amino acids responsible for the sensitivity to SB203580. Exip may also be involved in the intracellular signal transduction pathway different from those of conventional p38s. Though Exip is less abundant, it may play a critical role under certain circumstances. Here we report that Exip, but not p38alpha, binds to Toll interacting protein which is involved in interleukin-1 (IL-1) signaling pathway as a component of the receptor proximal complex and impaired NF-kappaB activity. Moreover, Exip binds to another component of the complex, IL-1 associating kinase. Exogenous-expression of Exip resulted in downregulation of NF-kappaB activities both in HeLa and HEK293T cells. Together, these results demonstrate that Exip can be a new component of NF-kappaB pathway, and contribute to a comprehensive understanding of the signal transduction pathway in the inflammatory responses.
The principle of per-survivor processing: a general approach to approximate and adaptive MLSE (2002)

A class of algorithms for maximum likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE) is introduced. These algorithms are based on the principle of performing signal processing (PPSP) operations, necessary for the estimation of unknown parameters, in a per-survivor fashion. Introduced by several authors for state complexity reduction in an ISI (intersymbol interference) environment, DDFSE (delayed decision feedback sequence estimation) and RSSE (reduced state sequence estimation) make use of this principle. A number of algorithms which apply the PPSP to combined sequence estimation and channel identification are presented. The results of the simulation analysis are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Array-of-arrays architecture for parallel floating point multiplication (2002)

This paper presents a new architecture style for the design of a parallel floating point multiplier. The proposed architecture is a synergy of trees and arrays. Architectural models were designed to implement the 53-bit mantissa path of the IEEE standard 754 for floating point multiplication, and tested for functionality in Verilog. The design, which was done in dual-rail domino, simulated in HSpice with estimated capacitive load models in a 1 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. Multiplication latency of 10 ns (23.3 FO4) at 4.3 V supply and 120/spl deg/C can be achieved with the best topology of the array-of-arrays architecture. The estimated multiplier area is 3 mm/spl times/6 mm.
Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding in the Treatment of Morbid Obesity (2003)

The epidemic of obesity requires an intervention that is both effective and broadly acceptable. Conventional medical programs have been ineffective. Traditional surgical approaches, such as gastric bypass and biliopancreatic diversion, are accepted by less than 1% of the severely obese each year. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) has been in clinical use for 8 years and it is timely to look at the developments in technique and to look at the outcomes for safety, effectiveness, and acceptability. Data are based on our clinical experiences and research reports derived from 1145 patients treated to date by laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding. We have also drawn on the published literature and on a systematic review of the literature about LAGB published by the Australian Safety and Efficacy Register of New Interventional Procedures–Surgical. Generally reports that have included more than 100 patients and 3 or more years of follow-up have been selected. Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding has proved to be a safe procedure, 7 to 10 times safer than gastric bypass in terms of mortality, and associated with few perioperativecomplications.Lateeventshavebeenmorefrequentwithprolapseofthestomachthrough the band occurring in 15% of our initial patients and erosion of the band into the stomach in 3.2% of our initial patients. Both complications are treatable laparoscopically and have become less common with modifications of technique. Weight loss is gradual but progressive over the first 2 years and has stabilized at about 50% of excess weight lost for the next 4 years. There are major associated improvementsinthemultiplecomorbiditiesofobesityincludingtype2diabetesmellitus(DM),asthma, hypertension,dyslipidemia,asthma,gastroesophagealrefluxdisease,sleepdisorderedbreathing,comorbidities of pregnancy, and the quality of life (QOL). Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding has several attributes that potentially will enable it to overcome the community’s resistance to bariatric surgery. It has proved to be safe. It is highly effective in achieving good weight loss, major improvements in health, and improved QOL. Because of the laparoscopic placement, adjustablity, and the easy reversibility, LAGB can provide these benefits in a gentle and safe way.
A Review of Virtual Sensing Algorithms for Active Noise Control (2008)

Traditional local active noise control systems minimise the measured acoustic pressure to generate a zone of quiet at the physical error sensor location. The resulting zone of quiet is generally limited in size and this requires the physical error sensor be placed at the desired location of attenuation, which is often inconvenient. To overcome this, a number of virtual sensing algorithms have been developed for active noise control. Using the physical error signal, the control signal and knowledge of the system, these virtual sensing algorithms estimate the error signal at a location that is remote from the physical error sensor, referred to as the virtual location. Instead of minimising the physical error signal, the estimated error signal is minimised with the active noise control system to generate a zone of quiet at the virtual location. This paper will review a number of virtual sensing algorithms developed for active noise control. Additionally, the performance of these virtual sensing algorithms in numerical simulations and in experiments is discussed and compared.
A Molecular Basis for Affinity Modulation of Fab Ligand Binding to Integrin αIIbβ3 (1996)

The Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) sequence within the third complementarity-determining region (CDR3) of the heavy chain (H3) is responsible for the binding of the recombinant murine Fab molecules, AP7 and PAC1.1, to the platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3. AP7 binding is minimally influenced by the conformational state of this receptor, whereas PAC1.1 binds preferentially to the activated state of the receptor induced by platelet agonists. To study the molecular basis for this functional difference, we replaced the AP7 H3 loop (HPFYRGDGGN) with all or segments of the analogous sequence from PAC1.1 (RSPSYYRGDGAGP). AP7 Fd (VH domain + Cgamma1 domain) segments containing these H3 loop sequences were expressed as active Fab molecules by coinfection of Spodoptera frugiperda cell lines with recombinant baculoviruses containing Fd and AP7 kappa chain cDNA. Replacement of the entire AP7 H3 loop with that from PAC1.1 generated the mutant AP7.3 Fab molecule, which bound selectively to either activated, gel-filtered platelets or to purified alphaIIbbeta3 in a manner identical to that of PAC1.1. Identical results were obtained when solely the sequences flanking the amino side of RGD within the respective H3 loops were exchanged. AP7.3 and PAC1.1 exhibited saturable but submaximal binding to activated gel-filtered platelets. Relative to AP7, the number of AP7.3 or PAC1. 1 Fab molecules bound per platelet was 17% in the presence of 1 m Ca2+ + 1 mM Mg2+ or 40% in the presence of 10 microM Mn2+. The ratio of Fab molecules bound after versus before activation (mean =/- S.D.; n = 3) was: for AP7.3, 9.8 =/- 0.6; for PAC1.1, 8.8 +/- 0.3; and for AP7, 1.4 =/- 0.2. In addition, AP7 bound to the stably expressed integrin mutant alphaIIbbeta3(S123A), whereas AP7.3 and PAC1 did not. Because AP7.3 behaves in every respect like PAC1.1, we conclude that the ability of RGD-based ligands to distinguish activated from resting conformations of the integrin alphaIIbbeta3 can be regulated by limited amino acid sequences immediately adjacent to the RGD tripeptide. Furthermore, those Fab molecules that exhibit increased selectivity for the activated conformation of alphaIIbbeta3 bind to a subpopulation of this integrin on platelets that is modulated by divalent cations.
Macrophages stimulate DNA synthesis in rat alveolar type II cells. (1985)

Proliferation of alveolar type II cells after lung injury is crucial for repair of the epithelium. Because an influx of macrophages occurs as part of the inflammatory response associated with acute lung injury and macrophages produce mitogenic factors for a variety of cell types, experiments were conducted to determine if macrophages stimulated DNA synthesis in type II cells. Dialyzed medium conditioned by macrophages consistently stimulated type II cell DNA synthesis, whereas medium conditioned by a variety of other cell types did not. A SV40-transformed macrophage cell line, produced in our laboratory, also secreted substance(s) that enhanced 3H-thymidine incorporation into type II cells. In addition, coculturing rat alveolar macrophages with type II cells stimulated DNA synthesis in the epithelial cells. As determined by autoradiography, the addition of macrophages to type II cells cultured on plastic or on an endothelial cell extracellular matrix increased the labeling index of the epithelial cells from 1 to 15% and from 19 to 51%, respectively. The culture conditions that promoted the greatest increase in DNA synthesis, as well as an increase in cell number, occurred with type II cells plated on an extracellular matrix in medium containing macrophage-conditioned medium, cholera toxin, insulin, and epidermal growth factor. The results suggest that substances secreted by macrophages play a role in regulating alveolar type II cell proliferation in vivo.
Complete L‐Alanine Scan of Neuropeptide Y Reveals Ligands Binding to Y<sub>1</sub> and Y<sub>2</sub> Receptors with Distinguished Conformations (1994)

The synthesis of more than fifty 36-residue oligopeptide analogs of neuropeptide Y (NPY) and their affinity to human Y1 and Y2 receptors is described. Each amino acid of the natural sequence was replaced by L-alanine, the four alanine residues at position 12, 14, 18 and 23 were replaced by glycine. Additional residues were exchanged to closely related ones in order to characterize the prerequisites for binding. A combination of automated single and multiple peptide synthesis using fluoren-9-ylmethoxycarbonyl/tert-butoxy strategy was applied. The purified peptides were characterized by electrospray mass spectrometry, analytical HPLC and amino acid analysis. Binding was investigated by displacement of 125I-labelled neuropeptide Y from human neuroblastoma cell lines SK-N-MC and SMS-KAN. Whereas Pro2 and the integrity of the neuropeptide Y loop is important for the binding to the Y1 receptor, exchanges within the C-terminal helix affect the affinity to the Y2 receptor. The C-terminal pentapeptide amide is important for both receptors and probably represents the binding site. However, Arg33 and Arg35 may not be exchanged by L-alanine in the Y1 system, whereas Arg35 and Tyr36 are the most susceptible residues in the Y2 system. In order to distinguish between conformational effects and direct hormone/receptor interaction via the side chains of neuropeptide Y, circular dichroic studies of the alanine-containing peptides were performed and structure affinity relationships are discussed. Comparing the affinities of the neuropeptide Y analogs to Y1 and Y2 receptors significant differences were found for the two binding sites, which suggests a different active conformation of neuropeptide Y at the two subtypes of receptors. Using molecular dynamics calculations, two distinct conformations were identified which are in good agreement with the data obtained by structure/affinity investigations.