gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct-view three-dimensional display tube (1963)

The three-dimensional display tube is a novel type of cathode-ray tube that directly displays volumetric analog information. In contrast to other presentations in which the third dimension is simulated stereoscopically or with color, this device displays the information in actual space. The three-dimensional display tube utilizes a phosphor coated disc spinning at 900 rpm within an evacuated sphere. Upon excitation by a cathode-ray beam at selected times, any point in the volume "swept out" by the rotating disc may be illuminated at 30 cps. The result is true volumetric analog display, which is visible without any special viewing position or glasses. Thus, minimum observer fatigue and equal display resolution in depth are possible as compared with existing stereoscopic three-dimensional displays. Different color phosphors on either side of the disc and appropriate cathode-ray beam gating provide a simple means of two color display. Also, special deflection scans that are compatible with particular display requirements can result in a display equal in brightness and quality to commercial television display. Some typical applications as well as the technical aspects of this type of display such as brightness, data storage requirements, and feed circuit bandwidths are discussed. Compatibility with normal observer vision and ease of determining target intersections within the display volume are important properties of this type of display.
The DSI diode&#8212;A fast large-area optoelectronic detector (1985)

Fast double-Schottky-interdigitated diodes have been fabricated by evaporating Al-Schottky contacts on lowly doped n-GaAs (n=10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> ), These detectors have a relatively large light-sensitive area of 400 µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . Rise and fall times are in the order of 10 ps. The external quantum efficiency is 25 percent at λ = 820 nm. The frequency response of the diodes is essentially flat up to 18 GHz, which is the limit of the measuring equipment.
<title>Pulsed laser deposition of high-quality tribological coatings</title> (1999)

Advanced materials are being designed and tested for use on ball bearings that have wide-ranging applications in almost any type of spacecraft. There has been considerable interest in 'hard' or wear-resistant coatings for protecting steel surfaces present in bearing components. Titanium carbide (TiC) has received serious consideration as a wear-resistant coating material that could be suitable for use in such applications. At present, the commercially available process for the deposition of TiC involves heating the steel substrates to fairly high temperatures. High-temperature coating deposition is not desirable for applications involving steel substrates as it results in a softening of the steels. This further necessitates post-deposition heat- treatments for re-hardening the steel and re-polishing the coating. This paper will describe the use of Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) to deposit high-quality thin films of TiC on bearing steels at room temperature. Such a process eliminates the problems associated with high temperature deposition, and the costs and complexities involved in the post-deposition heat treatment of steels. To develop an understanding of the deposition process, the plasma generated by laser ablation has been investigated using time-resolved emission spectroscopy. The PLD of TiC films on bearing steels, the material properties of these films, and the spectroscopy of the ablated plume will be discussed.
The Mode of Occurrence and Composing Minerals of Petrified Woods from the Tertiary Janggi Group of Pohang Basin in Korea (2008)

경북 포항의 장기층군에서 산출된 규화목의 산출상태로부터 판단하면 규화목은 모두 이지성 화석임을 지시한다. 장기층군에는 규화목과 함께 탄화목, 목탄도 발견되며, 일부의 규화목에는 껍질부분에 갈탄화된 유기물이 일부 남아있는 것도 있다. 규화목의 X선 회절 분석으로부터 Opal-CT, Opal-C, 석영+크리스토발라이트의 3가지 유형이 확인되었다. 이러한 광물의 존재는 규화작용이 비교적 낮은 온도에서 일어났음을 지시한다. 실리카(<TEX>$SiO_2$</TEX>)의 주공급원은 응회암으로 추정된다. 규화목의 구성광물의 종류와 조직 보존 상태로부터 판단하면 규화작용은 주로 치환에 의해 일어난 것으로 추정된다. The mode of occurrence of petrified woods from the Tertiary strata of Pohang Basin in Kyeongsangbug-do suggests that the petrified woods are all allochthonous fossils. Petrified woods as well as various types of wood fossils such as carbonized woods and charcoal woods were found. However, some lignified organic remains are rarely found in the bark part of petrified woods. X-ray diffraction analysis showed three types of minerals including Opal-CT, Opal-C, and quartz+cristobalite. The presence of these minerals indicates that silicification occurred under the low temperature. The tuffs are considered to be main source of supply of silica. Analysis of the kind of composing minerals and the condition of tissue preservation can predict that silicification is mainly occurred by replacement.
Phase III Postoperative Adjuvant Radiotherapy After Radical Prostatectomy Compared With Radical Prostatectomy Alone in pT3 Prostate Cancer With Postoperative Undetectable Prostate-Specific Antigen: ARO 96-02/AUO AP 09/95 (2009)

Adjuvant RT for pT3 prostate cancer with postoperatively undetectable PSA significantly reduces the risk of biochemical progression. Further follow-up is needed to assess the effect on metastases-free and overall survival.
Road sign detection on a smartphone for traffic safety (2014)

The goal of this work is the development of a low-cost driver assistance system that runs on an ordinary smartphone. It uses computer vision techniques and multiple-resolution template matching to detect speed limit signs and alert the driver if the speed limit is exceeded. It inputs an image of the sign to be detected and creates a set of multiple-resolution templates. It also inputs photographs of the road from the smartphone camera at regular intervals and generates multiple-resolution images from the photographs. In the first step of processing, fast filters restrict the focus of attention to smaller areas of the photographs where signs are likely to be present. In the second step, the system matches the templates against the photographs using fast normalized cross correlation to detect speed limit signs. The multiple resolutions enable this approach to detect signs at different scales. In the third step, the system recognizes the sign by matching a series of annotated speed templates to the image at the position and scale that were determined by the detection step. It compares the speed limit with the actual vehicle speed as computed from the smartphone GPS device and issues warnings to the driver as necessary. The system is implemented as an Android application that runs on an ordinary smartphone as part of a client-server architecture. It processes photos at a rate of 1 Hz with a probability of detection of 0.93 at the 95% confidence level and a false alarm rate of 0.0007, or one false classification every 25 min.
MEHR KLIMAKOMFORT IM PERSONENWAGEN (1987)

BEI DEN MODERNEN FAHRZEUGEN MIT GROSSEN GLASFLAECHEN, DIE EINE HOHE STRAHLUNGSBELASTUNG DES INNENRAUMS VERURSACHEN, IST DIE RICHTIGE TEMPERIERUNG DES KOPFRAUMBEREICHS, DIE BEVORZUGT DURCH DIE MITTELDUESEN ERFOLGT, VON ENTSCHEIDENDER BEDEUTUNG. WENN VIELE EINSTELLMOEGLICHKEITEN FUER DIE KLIMAANLAGE VORHANDEN SIND, KANN ZWAR THEORETISCH UNTER ALLEN WITTERUNGSVERHAELTNISSEN OPTIMALE BEHAGLICHKEIT EINGESTELLT WERDEN, JEDOCH BESTEHT DIE GEFAHR, DASS VIELE KUNDEN BEDIENUNGSFEHLER MACHEN UND SO LETZTEN ENDES IN EINEM UNANGENEHMEREN KLIMA FAHREN. WIRD DURCH DIE MITTELDUESE DIREKT KALTE LUFT AUSGEBLASEN, SO KANN PROBLEMLOS DIE TEMPERATURREGELUNG FUER DIE LINKE UND RECHTE SEITE UNABHAENGIG VONEINANDER ERFOLGEN, UND BEDIENUNGSFEHLER SIND AUSZUSCHLIESSEN. BEI ANLAGEN MIT MANUELLER TEMPERATUREINSTELLUNG ERFOLGT DIE TEMPERATURSTEUERUNG MEIST DURCH LUFTMISCHUNG. DANN WIRD HAEUFIG DIE MITTELDUESE MIT TEMPERIERTER LUFT VERSORGT, SO DASS SIE BEI VIELEN WITTERUNGSVERHAELTNISSEN DEN KLIMAKOMFORT STEIGERT. BEI VOLLAUTOMATISCHEN KLIMAANLAGEN MUSS DER TEMPERATURVERLAUF AN DER MITTELDUESE BESONDERS SORGFAELTIG ABGESTIMMT WERDEN. AUSSERGEWOEHNLICHER KOMFORT WIRD DURCH INDIVIDUELLE EINSTELLMOEGLICHKEIT DIESER LUFTTEMPERATUR UND DAMIT DER TEMPERATURSCHICHTUNG IM FAHRZEUG GEBOTEN. DURCH EINSATZ MODERNER ELEKTRONIK WIRD GLEICHZEITIG DAFUER GESORGT, DASS TROTZDEM NUR SINNVOLLE TEMPERATUREN AUFTRETEN UND SICH SO BEDIENUNGSFEHLER NICHT NEGATIV AUF DEN KOMFORT AUSWIRKEN. (A*)
Band Engineering for Novel Two‐Dimensional Atomic Layers (2014)

The discovery of graphene has sparked much interest in science and lead to the development of an ample variety of novel two-dimensional (2D) materials. With increasing research interest in the field of 2D materials in recent years, the researchers have shifted their focus from the synthesis to the modification of 2D materials, emphasizing their electronic structures. In this review, the possibilities of altering the band structures are discussed via three different approches: (1) alloying 2D materials, so called ternary 2D materials, such as hexagonal carbonized boron nitrides (h-BCN) and transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) ternary materials; (2) stacking 2D materials vertically, which results in 2D heterostructures named van der Waals (vdW) solids (using hexagonal boron nitrides (h-BN)/graphene and TMDs stacking as examples), and growing lateral TMDs heterostructrues; (3) controlling the thickness of 2D materials, that is, the number of layers. The electronic properties of some 2D materials are very sensitive to the thickness, such as in TMDs and black phosphorus (BP). The variations of band structures and the resulting physical properties are systematically discussed.
Design and implementation of taxi calling and dispatching system based on GPS mobile phone (2009)

This paper introduces an application research on taxi calling and dispatching system (TCDS in short), which is a prototype of LBS application based on GPS mobile phone. The paper gives the basic design, modules division, GIS display algorithm design, test results and feature analysis of TCDS prototype. Finally, the paper points out the further improvement direction of TCDS, and prompts its usage in future.
Design and implementation of redundant multiprocessor interconnects in a high capacity router (2005)

This paper is about multiprocessor interconnects for the high capacity router built on ATCA (Advanced Telecom Computing Architecture) platform. Multiprocessor inter-connection in ATCA brings some design issues when it comes to satisfy the constraint and specification of ATCA platform. In the multiprocessor communication, most transfers are from one port to the other ports or the opposite direction (usually between a main processor and local processors on line cards). Congestion may happen when inter-processor communication packets from local processors are simultaneously heading for a main processor. In order to manage or alleviate the congestion, bandwidth for inter-processor communication should be increased and QoS mechanisms should be introduced in multiprocessor interconnects. This study suggests several methods to build multiprocessor interconnects in ATCA and discusses them in the view of redundancy, congestion handling ability, and implementation feasibility.
Engineering flexible World Wide Web services (1998)

World Wide Web service and application engineering is a complex task, comparable to the software engineering process. Similar to CASE environments in software engineering, web service editors and web document designers are successful products on the market. Most of the tools concentrate on single web page creation; only a few manage the organization of complete web services. Large web applications containing hundreds or thousands of documents and complex interactive services need a more sophisticated engineering approach. Basic requirements for a web application management system are proper organizations of both the data and the navigation model. Consistent interface design and integration facilities for static information and dynamic interactive services identify a good engineering toolset. A real challenge to the engineering task is the introduction of flexibility to the web applications in terms of content changes, layout design updates, temporal information changes, multilinguai support and online content management. We discuss the benefits of databases to keep the web service information and the use of the HTML++ toolset to map the database contents to World Wide Web documents. Databases are used to introduce an abstract level of data management for web applications. The object-based HTML++ toolset is used to engineer complex web applications like the Vienna International Festival WWW presence. This case study contains 300+ multilingual pages and several interactive services. The combination of database support and HTML++ introduces a high level of flexibility to the festival's web service engineering.
Effects of Ethanol on Adenosine 5′‐Triphosphate–Gated Purinergic and 5‐Hydroxytryptamine<sub>3</sub>Receptors (2006)

This report of the proceedings of a symposium presented at the 2005 annual meeting of the Research Society on Alcoholism highlights the actions of ethanol on purinergic (P2XRs) and 5-hydroxytryptamine3 (5-HT3Rs) receptors. Both P2XRs and 5-HT3Rs, are modulated by pharmacologically relevant concentrations of ethanol, with inhibition or stimulation of P2XR subtypes and stimulation of 5-HT3Rs, respectively. With regard to ethanol-modulatory actions, these 2 distinctly different receptor classes have been studied to a much lesser extent than other LGICs. The organizers and chairs were Daryl L. Davies and Tina K. Machu. John J. Woodward discusses the molecular pharmacology and physiology of P2XRs and 5-HT3Rs and sets the stage for a detailed investigation into the ethanol sensitivity of these channels by the invited speakers. Daryl L. Davies discusses the results from recent electrophysiological studies conducted in his and Dr. Woodward's laboratories, highlighting the actions of ethanol on P2XR subtypes. Jiang-Hong Ye discusses results from recent studies using loose-patch and whole-cell recordings on purinergic receptors expressed on neurons from the ventral tegmental area (VTA) in rats. Tina K. Machu discusses electrophysiological studies conducted in her and Dr. David Lovinger's laboratories on nonpore lining residues of the second transmembrane domain (TM2) of the 5-HT3A receptor. Li Zhang presents data demonstrating that F-actin cytoskeletons play a critical role in 5-HT3 receptor clustering in hippocampal neurons. Collectively, the presentations provided strong evidence that P2X and 5-HT3 receptors are important targets for ethanol action.
EAC-Net: Deep Nets with Enhancing and Cropping for Facial Action Unit Detection (2018)

In this paper, we propose a deep learning based approach for facial action unit (AU) detection by enhancing and cropping regions of interest of face images. The approach is implemented by adding two novel nets (a.k.a. layers): the enhancing layers and the cropping layers, to a pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) model. For the enhancing layers (noted as E-Net), we have designed an attention map based on facial landmark features and apply it to a pretrained neural network to conduct enhanced learning. For the cropping layers (noted as C-Net ), we crop facial regions around the detected landmarks and design individual convolutional layers to learn deeper features for each facial region. We then combine the E-Net and the C-Net to construct a so-called Enhancing and Cropping Net (EAC-Net), which can learn both features enhancing and region cropping functions effectively. The EAC-Net integrates three important elements, i.e., learning transfer, attention coding, and regions of interest processing, making our AU detection approach more efficient and more robust to facial position and orientation changes. Our approach shows a significant performance improvement over the state-of-the-art methods when tested on the BP4D and DISFA AU datasets. The EAC-Net with a slight modification also shows its potentials in estimating accurate AU intensities. We have also studied the performance of the proposed EAC-Net under two very challenging conditions: (1) faces with partial occlusion and (2) faces with large head pose variations. Experimental results show that (1) the EAC-Net learns facial AUs correlation effectively and predicts AUs reliably even with only half of a face being visible, especially for the lower half; (2) Our EAC-Net model also works well under very large head poses, which outperforms significantly a compared baseline approach. It further shows that the EAC-Net works much better without a face frontalization than with face frontalization through image warping as pre-processing, in terms of computational efficiency and AU detection accuracy.
Effect of fasting, hypocaloric feeding, and refeeding on the energetics of stimulated rat muscle as assessed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (1993)

A previous study suggested that muscles from hypocalorically fed rats were limited in their ability to rephosphorylate ADP. During muscle contraction hydrolysis of ATP results in an increase in phosphorus, free ADP, delta GATP, and a reduction in phosphocreatine levels that is reversed during rest by rephosphorylation of ADP to ATP and the resynthesis of phosphocreatine by ATP. We therefore hypothesized that these changes would be restored more slowly during postcontraction rest in hypocalorically fed rats as compared with controls. We compared controls fed ad lib to 2-d fasted and hypocalorically fed rats, losing 20% of their weight. We also compared hypocalorically fed rats that had been refed ad lib for 7 d with age-matched controls fed ad lib. The results showed that ATP, muscle pH, and total muscle creatine levels were not different in all groups. The raised phosphorus and delta GATP levels and lower phosphocreatine/phosphorus ratio at the end of contraction changed more slowly during rest in the hypocaloric rats. These abnormalities were partially corrected by refeeding. The data taken as a whole support the concept of impaired rephosphorylation of ADP in malnourished muscle that is not completely restored by refeeding in stimulated muscle.
Phase Relationships and Structural and Chemical Stabilities of Charged Li[sub 1−x]CoO[sub 2−δ] and Li[sub 1−x]Ni[sub 0.85]Co[sub 0.15]O[sub 2−δ] Cathodes (2002)

The structural and chemical stabilities of and cathodes have been investigated by chemically extracting lithium with an acetonitrile solution of The and systems maintain the initial O3-type structure, respectively, for and While begins to form a P3-type phase for begins to form a new O3-type phase, designated as phase, for The P3-type and the phases have smaller parameters than do the O3-type phase and oxygen contents of resulting in a loss of oxygen from the lattice for and respectively, for and The loss of oxygen is also confirmed for electrochemically charged samples. The formation of new phases with lower oxygen contents at different levels of charge, vs. for the two systems may play a role in limiting the practical capacities of the two systems (140 vs. 180 mAh/g). © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Identification and Characterization of a Novel 38.5-Kilodalton Cell Surface Protein of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with Extended-Spectrum Binding Activity for Extracellular Matrix and Plasma Proteins (2001)

The ability to attach to host ligands is a well-established pathogenic factor in invasive Staphylococcus aureus disease. In addition to the family of adhesive proteins bound to the cell wall via the sortase A (srtA) mechanism, secreted proteins such as the fibrinogen-binding protein Efb, the extracellular adhesion protein Eap, or coagulase have been found to interact with various extracellular host molecules. Here we describe a novel protein, the extracellular matrix protein-binding protein (Emp) initially identified in Western ligand blots as a 40-kDa protein due to its broad-spectrum recognition of fibronectin, fibrinogen, collagen, and vitronectin. Emp is expressed in the stationary growth phase and is closely associated with the cell surface and yet is extractable by sodium dodecyl sulfate. The conferring gene emp (1,023 nucleotides) encodes a signal peptide of 26 amino acids and a mature protein of a calculated molecular mass of 35.5 kDa. Using PCR, emp was demonstrated in all 240 S. aureus isolates of a defined clinical strain collection as well as in 6 S. aureus laboratory strains, whereas it is lacking in all 10 S. epidermidis strains tested. Construction of an allelic replacement mutant (mEmp50) revealed the absence of Emp in mEmp50, a significantly decreased adhesion of mEmp50 to immobilized fibronectin and fibrinogen, and restoration of these characteristics upon complementation of mEmp50. Emp expression was also demonstrable upon heterologous complementation of S. carnosus. rEmp expressed in Escherichia coli interacted with fibronectin, fibrinogen, and vitronectin in surface plasmon resonance experiments at a K(d) of 21 nM, 91 nM, and 122 pM, respectively. In conclusion, the biologic characterization of Emp suggests that it is a member of the group of secreted S. aureus molecules that interact with an extended spectrum of host ligands and thereby contribute to S. aureus pathogenicity.
Design and Engineering of a Dynamic Binary Optimizer (2005)

In today's software, which increasingly utilizes dynamic class loading, shared libraries, and interconnected components, the power and reach of static compiler optimization is diminishing. An exciting new paradigm of transparent dynamic binary optimization is emerging, aimed at improving the performance of a program while it executes. Recently, several dynamic binary optimization systems have appeared in the literature. They all share a fundamental property: the ability to observe and modify instructions of the executing program immediately before they run. Importantly, recent advances allow this capability to be offered without having to pay the price of performance degradation. This paper describes the intricacies of a dynamic binary optimizer and how to build the core functionalities of observing and modifying executing instructions. We illustrate the major design decisions and tradeoffs and point to the important engineering challenges.
The spherical interpolation method of source localization (1987)

A closed-form least squares approximate maximum likelihood method for localization of broad-band emitters from time-difference-of-arrival (TDOA) measurements, called the spherical interpolation (SI) method, is presented. The localization formula is derived from least squares "equation-error" minimization. Computer simulation results show that the SI method has variance approaching the Cramer-Rap lower bound.
Design, Fabrication and Characterization of High-Performance Silicon Nanowire Transistor (2008)

We report the fabrication and characterization of double-gated Si nanowire field effect transistors with excellent current-voltage characteristics, low subthreshold slope ~85 mV/dec and high on/off current ratio ~10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> . The Si nanowire devices are fabricated by using a self-aligned technique with standard photolithographic alignment and metal lift-off processes, enabling the large-scale integration of high-performance nanowire devices. We have also studied the effect of device structure and forming gas rapid thermal annealing on the nanowire transistor's electrical properties. We conclude that the self-aligned fabrication and non-overlapped gate-source/drain structure combined with appropriate post annealing leads to the excellent observed device performance.