gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The use of rare‐earth magnet couplers in cochlear implants (1981)

The cochlear implant is an electronic auditory prosthesis gaining widespread acceptance as a means of restoring partial hearing to the totally deaf. A number of engineering and biological hurdles remain toward the improvement of existing implantable systems and development of multichannel systems. One hurdle concerns reliable transcutaneous coupling of the external electric signal to the implanted device. To date this has been accomplished by inductive means through coils which were mechanically held in place. The incorporation of small, permanent, rare-earth (SmCo5) magnets with the coil assemblies has eliminated the unreliable mechanical supporting devices. Magnetic attachment was simulated in dogs to examine for biological compatibility. Electron micrographs indicated normal subcellular structures in tissue exposed for 10 weeks. Five patients were implanted with magnet-modified coil assemblies and tested for the proper alignment and support of the external coil assembly, as well as efficiency of inductive coupling. Electromagnetic coupling was not interfered with and mechanical support was adequate. We conclude that rare-earth magnets provide an effective means for supporting and positioning in place medical devices, such as the cochlear implant.
Longitudinal Trends in Violence in the Rural South (1994)

Since 1960, the number of violent crimes in America has increased by more than four hundred and fifty percent. Although the bulk of these crimes are being committed in urban areas, the rural areas of the country are not immune from the violence. Previous studies have noted that as a region, the South has one of the highest rates of arrests and incarcerations. Most studies on criminal violence have treated the region as a culturally monolithic entity without any recognition of differences in the patterns and distribution of violence in the rural areas of that region. The purpose of this paper is to examine variations in rural violence among twelve states in the southeastern United States using Uniform Crime Report data from 1962 to 1991. The study found that aggravated assault is the most common form of violent offending. This is followed by robbery, forcible rape, and homicide. For total violence, the rural areas of South Carolina, Florida, and Louisiana reported the highest rates. Total violence rates are lower in the rural areas of West Virginia, Arkansas, and Virginia.
Improved real-time bio-aerosol classification using artificial neural networks (2018)

Abstract. Air pollution has had an increasingly powerful impact on the everyday life of humans. More and more people are aware of the health problems that may result from inhaling air which contains dust, bacteria, pollens or fungi. There is a need for real-time information about ambient particulate matter. Devices currently available on the market can detect some particles in the air but cannot classify them according to health threats. Fortunately, a new type of technology is emerging as a promising solution. Laser-based bio-detectors are characterizing a new era in aerosol research. They are capable of characterizing a great number of individual particles in seconds by analyzing optical scattering and fluorescence characteristics. In this study we demonstrate the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to real-time analysis of single-particle fluorescence fingerprints acquired using BARDet (a Bio-AeRosol Detector). A total of 48 different aerosols including pollens, bacteria, fungi, spores, and nonbiological substances were characterized. An entirely new approach to data analysis using a decision tree comprising 22 independent neural networks was discussed. Applying confusion matrices and receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis the best sets of ANNs for each group of similar aerosols were determined. As a result, a very high accuracy of aerosol classification in real time was achieved. It was found that for some substances that have characteristic spectra, almost each particle can be properly classified. Aerosols with similar spectral characteristics can be classified as specific clouds with high probability. In both cases the system recognized aerosol type with no mistakes. In the future, it is planned that performance of the system may be determined under real environmental conditions, involving characterization of fluorescent and nonfluorescent particles.
Leukemia Inhibitory Factor: Part of a Large Ingathering Family (1998)

Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF) has a wide variety of biological activities. It regulates the differentiation of embryonic stem cells, neural cells, osteoblasts, adipocytes, hepatocytes and kidney epithelial cells. It also triggers the proliferation of myoblasts, primordial germ cells and some endothelial cells. Many of these biological functions parallel those of interleukin-6, Oncostatin M, ciliary neurotrophic factor, interleukin-11 and cardiotrophin-1. These structurally related cytokines also share subunits of their receptors which could partially explain the redundancy in this system of soluble mediators. In vivo LIF proves important in regulating the inflammatory response by fine tuning of the delicate balance of at least four systems in the body, namely the immune, the hematopoietic, the nervous and the endocrine systems. Although we are far from its therapeutic applications, the fast increasing knowledge in this field may bring new insights for the understanding of the cytokine biology in general.
Quantum interferometry with three-dimensional geometry (2012)

Quantum interferometry uses quantum resources to improve phase estimation with respect to classical methods. Here we propose and theoretically investigate a new quantum interferometric scheme based on three-dimensional waveguide devices. These can be implemented by femtosecond laser waveguide writing, recently adopted for quantum applications. In particular, multiarm interferometers include "tritter" and "quarter" as basic elements, corresponding to the generalization of a beam splitter to a 3- and 4-port splitter, respectively. By injecting Fock states in the input ports of such interferometers, fringe patterns characterized by nonclassical visibilities are expected. This enables outperforming the quantum Fisher information obtained with classical fields in phase estimation. We also discuss the possibility of achieving the simultaneous estimation of more than one optical phase. This approach is expected to open new perspectives to quantum enhanced sensing and metrology performed in integrated photonics.
Multi‐point monitoring of cross‐linking reactions (2014)

ABSTRACT The feasibility of deploying optical fiber sensors to obtain qualitative and quantitative information on the cross‐linking characteristics of thermosetting resin systems has been demonstrated by a number of researchers. This article is concerned with the demonstration of a low‐cost fiber‐optic Fresnel sensor system for monitoring the cross‐linking reactions at multiple locations. Cross‐linking reactions can be influenced by a number of parameters including the stoichiometry of the resin and hardener, and the heat‐transfer rates in and out of the preform as a function of the cross‐section of the preform. In situations where there is a variation in the thickness of the preform or when large components are processed, a facility to monitor the cross‐linking reactions at multiple locations will be valuable because the rate and extent of the cross‐linking can be inferred. In this article, six Fresnel sensors were immersed in individual vials containing an epoxy/amine resin system and processed (cross‐linked) in an air‐circulating oven. One additional vial with a Fresnel sensor immersed in the neat epoxy resin (no hardener) was co‐located in the oven to enable the effect of temperature to be monitored. The feasibility of using the multiplexed Fresnel sensors for cure monitoring was demonstrated successfully. The sensors in the post‐cross‐linked samples were used to study the effects of heating and cooling cycles. The feasibility of detecting the glass transition temperature using the Fresnel sensor is discussed along with the factors that give rise to variability in the output Fresnel signals. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Applied Polymer Science Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 41088.
LeGO-LOAM: Lightweight and Ground-Optimized Lidar Odometry and Mapping on Variable Terrain (2018)

We propose a lightweight and ground-optimized lidar odometry and mapping method, LeGO-LOAM, for realtime six degree-of-freedom pose estimation with ground vehicles. LeGO-LOAM is lightweight, as it can achieve realtime pose estimation on a low-power embedded system. LeGO-LOAM is ground-optimized, as it leverages the presence of a ground plane in its segmentation and optimization steps. We first apply point cloud segmentation to filter out noise, and feature extraction to obtain distinctive planar and edge features. A two-step Levenberg-Marquardt optimization method then uses the planar and edge features to solve different components of the six degree-of-freedom transformation across consecutive scans. We compare the performance of LeGO-LOAM with a state-of-the-art method, LOAM, using datasets gathered from variable-terrain environments with ground vehicles, and show that LeGO-LOAM achieves similar or better accuracy with reduced computational expense. We also integrate LeGO-LOAM into a SLAM framework to eliminate the pose estimation error caused by drift, which is tested using the KITTI dataset.
Optical modes at the interface between two dissimilar discrete meta-materials (2007)

We have studied theoretically and experimentally the properties of optical surface modes at the hetero-interface between two meta-materials. These meta-materials consisted of two 1D AlGaAs waveguide arrays with different band structures.
A new approach to DSP intrinsic functions (2005)

A compiler is frequently unable to make use of algorithm-specific instructions which DSP's (digital signal processors) provide. To force their use, programmers use language extensions to define intrinsic functions. Traditionally, these intrinsic functions are implemented with assembly language instructions on the target processor. We propose and implement a new approach to intrinsic functions where the programmer targets a compiler's intermediate representation rather than the assembly language of a particular processor. The benefits of our approach are both portability and improved performance. We compare the performance of the traditional approach with our new approach for four GSM (Global System for Mobile communication) speech coders. We also examine the interaction of our new approach with two major optimizations: profile-directed function inlining and aggressive loop optimization. We find that, compared to the traditional approach, ours benefits greatly from removing barriers to these optimizations. We find that without inlining or loop optimization, our new approach speeds up execution by a factor of 1.12 compared to the traditional approach; however, with both loop optimization and a moderate amount of inlining, we find a speedup of 2.88. We find a similar improvement in achieved instruction level parallelism.
Preparation of Cathode Active Material for Rechargeable Magnesium Battery by Atmospheric Pressure Microwave Discharge Using Carbon Felt Pieces (2008)

Abstract Magnesium manganese oxide (MMO) with spinel structure was prepared from powders of MgO and Mn2O3 by atmospheric pressure microwave discharge using CF pieces. The produced MMO was strained in the crystal structure by the barrier discharge between CF pieces and the raw powder. Cyclic voltammograms of the strained MMO showed a reduction current peak, and the discharge capacity increased.
Ueber die Reduction des tertiären Nitroisobutylglycerins und das Oxim des Dioxyacetons (1897)

ReductionNitroisobutylglycerins und das Osim des Dioxyaoetone
Understanding customer malling behavior in an urban shopping mall using smartphones (2013)

This paper presents a novel customer malling behavior modeling framework for an urban shopping mall. As an automated computing framework using smartphones, it is designed to provide comprehensive understanding of customer behavior. We prototype the framework in a real-world urban shopping mall. Development consists of three steps; customer data collection, customer trace extraction, and behavior model analysis. We extract customer traces from a collection of 701-hour sensor data from 195 in-situ customers who installed our logging application at Android Market. The practical behavior model is created from the real traces. It has a multi-level structure to provide the holistic understanding of customer behavior from physical movement to service semantics. As far as we know, it is the first work to understand complex customer malling behavior in offline shopping malls.
Inflammation in Childhood Asthma and Other Wheezing Disorders (2002)

It has become clear in the last few decades that the primary underlying pathology of asthma is airway tissue inflammation. In asthma, airway remodeling occurs during chronic inflammation, even in very young children. One of the key goals in treating asthma is to identify those young children with an asthmatic phenotype and initiate early treatment to avoid irreversible airway remodeling. Distinguishing asthma from other conditions that induce wheezing is a daunting but critical step in the appropriate treatment of asthma. In some children, hallmark mediators of inflammation, such as increased eosinophil levels, may distinguish asthma from other causes of wheezing, such as viral infections. Although progress has been made in the differential diagnoses of asthma in young children, more research is needed to define unique markers for distinguishing asthma from other respiratory conditions that produce wheezing.
A heuristic method for gray images pseudo coloring with histogram and RGB layers (2011)

Pseudo Coloring is one of the attractive categories and popular course in image processing topic and as applications such as making old black and white movies colorful in cinema industry is considered in these cases. In this paper we are using analysis identifying color surfaces of sample image and Adaptive modeling of histogram black and white image, we are doing Pseudo Coloring. Selecting different values in the layers R, G, B is the most important achievement of this technique such that in this method based on the analysis of histogram characteristics in sample image, to assign different values in different layers of a color image, we take action. Results of implementing idea used in this article come with improvement compared with other similar methods have.
Analysis of nonlinear amplifiers with Gaussian input signals on the basis of complex gain measurements (2004)

Abstract We analyse passing complex Gaussian signals through nonlinear power amplifiers. Using the coefficients of the power series expansion of the amplifier complex gain, we obtain closed‐form expressions for the output power and the linear gain of the amplifier. The simplicity and accuracy of the derived formulas make the obtained results useful for practical applications, for example in OFDM or CDMA systems. Copyright © 2004 AEI.
Caregivers' Judgments of the Functional Abilities of the Alzheimer's Disease Patient: Impact of Caregivers' Depression and Perceived Burden (2001)

Research has demonstrated that caregivers of cognitively impaired patients may misjudge aspects of the patient's functional capacities. The nature and directions of these relationships are not well understood, however. Further, the effects that depression and perceived caregiver burden have on the caregivers' ability to render accurate judgments of patient's functional abilities have not been addressed. In this study, the primary caregivers of 128 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) were administered a questionnaire regarding the patients' functional capacities. These judgments were subsequently compared to actual functional performance of AD patients on an extended version of the Direct Assessment of Functional Status scale administered in the patients' home environment. A significant proportion of caregivers overestimated AD patients' functional performance in telling time, counting currency, making change for a purchase, brushing teeth, and using eating utensils. Further analyses revealed that self-reported depression, but not perceived burden, was related to the type of caregiver bias errors observed.
Direct-Glycerin Fuel Cell for Mobile Applications (2008)

The oxidation of caustic, crude glycerin in a passive direct-fuel cell using an alkaline anion-exchange membrane (AAEM) at ambient temperature is reported. Glycerin is a byproduct of the biodiesel production process and the recent surge in biodiesel production has resulted in increased and underutilized glycerin supplies. The described AAEM fuel cell uses crude glycerin directly and eliminates the need for costly neutralization, distillation and purification procedures. The AAEM fuel cell using crude glycerin demonstrated five times greater energy density than a comparable direct-methanol fuel cell. The enhanced energy density is attributed to the AAEM and glycerin fuel combination, which allows for significantly higher fuel concentrations to be used, a consequence of the AAEM reducing fuel-crossover and preventing water-management problems at the cathode. The described fuel cell performance and demonstrated energy densities could facilitate the use of fuel cells in portable power applications, particularly for low-watt, hand-held mobile electronic devices.
Evidence for Water Ice Near Mercury’s North Pole from MESSENGER Neutron Spectrometer Measurements (2012)

Measurements by the Neutron Spectrometer on the MErcury Surface, Space ENvironment, GEochemistry, and Ranging (MESSENGER) spacecraft show decreases in the flux of epithermal and fast neutrons from Mercury's north polar region that are consistent with the presence of water ice in permanently shadowed regions. The neutron data indicate that Mercury's radar-bright polar deposits contain, on average, a hydrogen-rich layer more than tens of centimeters thick beneath a surficial layer 10 to 30 cm thick that is less rich in hydrogen. Combined neutron and radar data are best matched if the buried layer consists of nearly pure water ice. The upper layer contains less than 25 weight % water-equivalent hydrogen. The total mass of water at Mercury's poles is inferred to be 2 × 10(16) to 10(18) grams and is consistent with delivery by comets or volatile-rich asteroids.
A microbial carbon-phosphorus bond cleavage enzyme requires two protein components for activity (1989)

Enterobacter aerogenes IFO 12010 contains a carbon-phosphorus (C-P) bond cleavage enzyme catalyzing the liberation of inorganic phosphate from various alkyl- and phenylphosphonic acids. The enzyme in the bacterium was found to be composed of two physically different protein components, E2 and E3. The molecular weights of E2 and E3 were 560,000 and 110,000, respectively, and E3 was resolved into two apparently homogeneous subunits. Neither component alone could catalyze the C-P bond cleavage reaction, but the reaction was efficiently catalyzed when the components were mixed.
Scientist-Led High-Throughput Experimentation (HTE) and Its Utility in Academia and Industry (2013)

High-Throughput Experimentation is emerging, in both the academic and industrial settings, as a powerful tool for developing new synthetic methodologies. This approach has the advantage of being highly transferable from one reaction type to another. The numerous variables associated with transition-metal-catalyzed methodology development complement HTE techniques perfectly. This report highlights recent (2009-2013) advances in the application of HTE in synthetic organic chemistry. Outline
Serial analysis of gene expression and cancer (2003)

Serial analysis of gene expression has been widely used to characterize gene expression patterns associated with tumor formation. These studies resulted in the identification of tumor-specific markers, transcriptional pathways, or therapeutic targets. In this review, recent applications and developments of serial analysis of gene expression and their impact on the diagnosis and treatment of cancer are discussed. A combination of serial analysis of gene expression and small-scale microarray analysis represents a strategy that should facilitate the identification and exploitation of tumor-specific gene expression for diagnostic or therapeutic purposes. In addition, cancer diagnosis and treatment may benefit from a complementation between serial analysis of gene expression and quantitative proteomics in the future.
Stress et éducation de l'enfant (1986)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Copper oxide-impregnated fabrics for the control of house dust mites (2008)

Copper oxide (CuO) has broad-spectrum anti-microbial and anti-fungal properties. The aim of this study was to test the acaricidal efficacy of CuO-impregnated fabrics on the common house dust mite, Dermatophagoides farinae. The overall vitality/mobility of the mites was reduced when they were exposed to the CuO-impregnated fabrics and, when possible, the dust mites migrated to fabrics where no CuO was present. The mortality of mites exposed for 10 days to fabrics containing 0.2% (w/w) CuO was significantly higher than the mortality of mites on control fabrics (72 ± 4 and 18.9 ± 0.3%, respectively). The mortality reached 95.4 and 100% with fabrics containing 0.4 and 2% CuO after 47 and 5 days, respectively. The acaricidal effect of copper oxide seems to be due to direct toxicity. The use of fabrics containing copper oxide may thus be an important avenue for reducing house dust mite populations, and for reducing the load of dust mite allergens.
Block seriation problems: A unified approach. Reply to the problem of H. Garcia and J. M. Proth (<i>Applied Stochastic Models and Data Analysis</i>, 1, (1), 25–34 (1985)) (1987)

Abstract In their article, entitled ‘Group technology in production management, the short horizon planning level’, H. Garcia and J. M. Proth have stated the following problem: starting from a (0, 1) binary matrix of size ( N x M ), how to divide into independent subsets the rows of this matrix simultaneously with a one‐to‐one corresponding partition of the columns, maximizing the presence of 1s in the intersecting blocks with a joint minimization of the presence of 0s outside of these blocks. The authors have proposed an efficient and very fast heuristic algorithm in comparison with the existing methods of a fast‐growing literature on the subject. The only drawback of this algorithm is its dependence on the initial partition. In this paper, we try to improve this algorithm slightly, first in rewriting the objective function in a linear form and secondly in giving computational improvements related to this linear formulation.
The role of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism in cardiovascular disease (2015)

Coronary heart disease and stroke, the deadliest forms of cardiovascular disease (CVD), are mainly caused by atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall driven by maladaptive immune responses in the vessel wall. Various risk factors for CVD influence this pathogenic process, including diabetes mellitus, hypertension, dyslipidaemia, and obesity. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), an enzyme catalyzing the rate-limiting step in the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation, is strongly induced by inflammation in several tissues, including the artery wall. An increasing body of evidence indicates that IDO promotes immune tolerance, decreases inflammation, and functions as a homeostatic mechanism against excessive immune reactions. This review provides an overview of the emerging field of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan degradation in CVD, emphasizing the role of IDO-mediated tryptophan metabolism and its metabolites in the modulation of 'classical' cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity, lipid metabolism, diabetes mellitus, and in the development of atherosclerotic CVD.