gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular cell biology of K<sub>ATP</sub>channels: implications for neonatal diabetes (2007)

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels play a key role in the regulation of insulin secretion by coupling glucose metabolism to the electrical activity of pancreatic beta-cells. To generate an electric signal of suitable magnitude, the plasma membrane of the beta-cell must contain an appropriate number of channels. An inadequate number of channels can lead to congenital hyperinsulinism, whereas an excess of channels can result in the opposite condition, neonatal diabetes. KATP channels are made up of four subunits each of Kir6.2 and the sulphonylurea receptor (SUR1), encoded by the genes KCNJ11 and ABCC8, respectively. Following synthesis, the subunits must assemble into an octameric complex to be able to exit the endoplasmic reticulum and reach the plasma membrane. While this biosynthetic pathway ensures supply of channels to the cell surface, an opposite pathway, involving clathrin-mediated endocytosis, removes channels back into the cell. The balance between these two processes, perhaps in conjunction with endocytic recycling, would dictate the channel density at the cell membrane. In this review, we discuss the molecular signals that contribute to this balance, and how an imbalance could lead to a disease state such as neonatal diabetes.
PhI(OAc)<sub>2</sub>/KI‐Mediated Reaction of Aryl Sulfinates with Alkenes, Alkynes, and α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: Synthesis of Vinyl Sulfones and β‐Iodovinyl Sulfones (2010)

Abstract (Diacetoxyiodo)benzene [PhI(OAc) 2 , DIB] was able to promote the reaction of sodium aryl sulfinate and potassiumiodide (KI) with alkenes and alkynes to afford the corresponding vinyl sulfones and β‐iodovinyl sulfones, respectively, in good yields. The salient features of this reaction are that it employs a commercially available and environmentally benign hypervalent iodine(III) reagent, a one‐step reaction, a short reaction time, and mild reaction conditions.
Toxicity of MRI and CT contrast agents (2009)

Anatomical and physiological imaging using CT and MRI are playing a critical role in patients' diagnosis, disease characterization and treatment planning. CT- and MRI-based protocols increasingly require an injection of iodinated CT and gadolinium (Gd)-based MRI contrast media. Although routinely used in clinical practice, iodinated and to a less extent Gd-based contrast media possess side effects: life-threatening contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is associated with CT and nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) with MRI contrast agents. CIN is defined as an acute decline in renal functions (serum creatinine increase > 0.5 mg/dl) after administration of iodinated contrast media. Patients with moderate-to-severe chronic kidney disease are considered the highest risk group for development of CIN. CIN is more common with ionic high-osmolar contrast CT media. NSF is a rare condition characterized by the formation of connective tissue in the skin and systemically in the lung, liver, heart and kidney. Patients with end stage kidney disease, acute kidney injury and stage 4-5 chronic kidney disease are at a high risk for NSF. The nonionic linear Gd-chelates are associated with the highest risk of NSF. This review summarizes the incidence, symptoms, safety profile of various CT and MRI contrast agents based on their physiochemical properties.
Steganalysis of GIM-based data hiding using kernel density estimation (2007)

This paper presents a novel steganalysis technique to attack quantization index modulation (QIM) steganography. Our method is based on the observation that QIM embedding disturbs neighborhood correlation in the transform domain. We estimate the probability density function (pdf) of this statistical change in a systematic manner using a kernel density estimate (KDE) method. The estimated parametric density model is then used for stego message detection. The impact of the choice of kernels on the estimated density is investigated experimentally. Simulation results evaluated on a large dataset of 6000 quantized images indicate that the proposed method is reliable. The impact of the choice of message embedding parameters on the accuracy of the steganalysis detection is also evaluated. Simulation results show that the proposed method can distinguish between the quantized-cover and the QIM-stego with low false alarm rates (i.e. Pfn≤0.03 and Pfp≤0.19). We demonstrate that the proposed steganalysis scheme can successfully attack steganographic tools like Jsteg and JP Hide and Seek as well.
An Experimental Approach to Spinning New Cellulose Fibers with N-Methylmorpholine-Oxide as a Solvent (1987)

This paper presents practical knowledge about dissolving and spinning cellulose in the NMMO-H 2 O system described in the Kodak and Akzona patents. From the highly hydrated NMMO commercialized by Texaco and a viscose pulp with an average polymerization degree of 700, we made true solutions in two stages: swelling of the cellulose and evaporation of the largest part of the water in a mixing-kneading device under vaccum, and dissolving in a twin-screw extruder with degassing sections. The depolymerization was controlled by antioxidants. The spinning of solutions with 10 or 20% cellulose is on line with the dissolving operation. After drawing in air, the filaments are plunged into water, which separates the NMMO from the cellulose. The initial modulus of the filaments depends on the drawing ratio. The best value measured (about 15 N/tex) is comparable with values from commercial high modulus viscose fibers. The breaking strength is still insufficient because of microbubbles, which will be removed in the future by means of a more efficient degassing of the solutions.
Applications of Ionic Liquids in Science and Technology (2011)

This volume of the two volume set on ionic liquids focuses on the applications of ionic liquids in a growing range of areas. Throughout the 1990’s, it seemed that most of the attention in the area of ionic liquids applications was directed toward their use as solvents for organic and transition-metal-catalyzed reactions. Certainly this interest continues on to the present date, but the most innovative uses of ionic liquids span a much more diverse field than just synthesis. Some main topics of coverage include the application of RTILs in various electronic applications (batteries, capacitors, and light emitting materials), polymers (synthesis and functionalization), nanomaterials (synthesis and stabilization), and separations. More unusual applications can be noted in the fields of biomass utilization, spectroscopy, optics, lubricants, fuels, and refrigerants. It is hoped that this diversity of this volume will serve as an inspiration for even further advances in the use of RTILs.
“Masterpiece” Copolymer Sequences by Targeted Equilibrium-Shifting (2000)

We describe an equilibrium model to determine whether a random population of dynamic copolymer sequences could be driven by molecular recognition to a subset of sequences that tightly bind a specific ligand. The model predicts that the population's mean binding constant can be shifted, but because of competitive binding, only to a limited degree (ca. 2 orders of magnitude larger than the original mean). True chemical evolution will require a mechanism for selection and amplification.
Scheduling with Group Dynamics: A Multi-Robot Task-Allocation Algorithm based on Vacancy Chains (2002)

Existing task allocation and scheduling algorithms, including taskallocation algorithms for multi-robot systems, generally assume that tasks are independent. This assumption is often violated in groups of cooperative mobile robots, where the group dynamics can have a critical impact on performance. We present a multi-robot task allocation algorithm that is sensitive to group dynamics. Our algorithm is based on vacancy chains, a resource distribution process common in human and animal societies. We study the problem of cooperative transportation in simulation. We demonstrate through experiments in simulation that if robots keep local task utility estimates, and follow a greedy task selection policy, the interactions in the group cause the collection of learned policies to converge toward an optimal allocation pattern as defined by the vacancy chain framework. As the robots are continuously updating their individual utility estimates, the vacancy chain algorithm has the additional property of adapting automatically to changes in the environment, e.g., robot breakdowns or changes in task values. Our experiments show that in the case of such changes, the vacancy chain algorithm consistently outperforms random and static task allocation algorithms. Finally, the vacancy chain algorithm uses no communication or unique roles, and as a result it is more likely to scale to large groups and will degrade gracefully in response to individual breakdowns. 1 1
Dyslexia: Regional differences in brain electrical activity by topographic mapping (1980)

Electroencephalographic (EEG) and evoked potential data were recorded during behavioral testing from 8 dyslexic and 10 normal boys aged 9 to 11 years. Topographic mapping of their brain electrical activity revealed four discrete regions of difference between the two groups involving both hemispheres, left more than right. Aberrant dyslexic physiology was not restricted to a single locus but was found in much of the cortical region ordinarily involved in reading and speech. Prominent group differences were observed in the bifrontal area in addition to the more expected left temporal and left posterior quadrant regions. Although activation tests produced more prominent group difference, dyslexics differed from normal subjects at rest as well. EEG alpha activity was increased for the dyslexics, suggesting relative cortical inactivity in that group.
A SDN controller architecture for Small Cell Wireless Backhaul using a LTE Control Channel (2016)

Future Access and Backhaul Networks need to significantly carry more data traffic, which calls for network densification. However, when many small cells are densely deployed, the backhaul network might become the bottleneck, as it is economically infeasible to wire every small cell or power them on constantly. Therefore, an effective configuration of a Small Cell Wireless Backhaul Network is important due to its multi-hop operation, possibly operating in mmWave bands. In this paper, we propose to use Software-Defined Networking for the Operation and Management of Small Cell Wireless Backhaul Networks. A SDN controller based in OpenDaylight is in charge of adaptively powering on/off Small Cells and reconfiguring the backhaul forwarding topology, according to traffic demands. The SDN controller uses an optimizer module which can be configured with different policies in order to minimize the energy cost or optimize capacity or latency. We extend OpenFlow in order to gather wireless and power consumption statistics, which are exchanged between Controller and Small Cell Backhaul nodes using a LTE Out-Of-Band Control Channel.
Kinetics of Chain Coupling at Melt Interfaces (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of Chain Coupling at Melt InterfacesP. Guegan, C. W. Macosko, T. Ishizone, A. Hirao, and S. NakahamaCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 18, 4993–4997Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00096a022https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00096a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views474Altmetric-Citations137LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Use of phased array coils for a determination of absolute metabolite concentrations (2004)

This work describes the use of phased array coils for a quantification of absolute metabolite concentrations. The method is demonstrated for single-voxel localized proton MRS of human brain with an eight-element receive-only head coil. It is based on the transmitter reference amplitude of the body coil used for RF transmission. A relative sensitivity of every element of the phased array coil is derived from a combination of two reference scans without water suppression that correspond to either the body coil in transmit-receive mode or the phased array coil in conjunction with body coil excitation. Experimental results were obtained at 2.9 T for both phantoms and 12 human subjects in different locations of gray and white matter. The data demonstrate that the procedure is technically robust and without a penalty in measuring time. Moreover, it takes full advantage of the signal-to-noise gain for quantitative proton MRS and may be extended to other phased array coils without the need for a recalibration.
Comparison of two soft switching DC-DC converters for fuel cell applications (2006)

This paper is going to develop two soft switching DC-DC C isolated converters for the design of the power electronic interface for fuel cell applications. One is based on the half - bridge capacitive converter and operates in ZVS mode. Another, in ZCS mode, is issued from the half-bridge inductive converter. Each structure has its own advantages and drawbacks. The ZVS converter can, actually, overcome the drawbacks of the original structure but is more complicated. As for the ZCS converter, the duty cycle is limited greater than 0.5 but more simple and suitable for the fuel cell applications thanks to the inductive feature of the input. Operation principle, characteristics and components sizing and losses estimation of each converter show that both of these structures allow optimizing the choice of components. Finally, experimental results on 2.5kW converter are going to validate prediction results.
Multivariate Cosine Wavelets (1997)

We construct bivariate biorthogonal cosine wavelets on a two-overlapping rectangular grid with bell functions not necessary of tensor product type. The biorthogonal system as well as frame and Riesz basis conditions are given explicitly. Our methods are based on the properties of bivariate total folding and unfolding operators.
Modification of the Generalized Born Model Suitable for Macromolecules (2000)

The analytic generalized Born approximation is an efficient electrostatic model that describes molecules in solution. Here it is modified to permit a more accurate description of large macromolecules, while its established performance on small compounds is nearly unaffected. The modified model is also adapted to describe molecules with an interior dielectric constant not equal to unity. The model is tested by computations of pK shifts for a number of titratable residues in lysozyme, myoglobin, and bacteriorhodopsin. In general, except for some deeply buried residues of bacteriorhodopsin, the results show reasonable agreement with both experimental data and calculations based on numerical solution of the Poisson−Boltzmann equation. A very close agreement between the two models is obtained in an application to the prediction of the pK shifts associated with conformational change. The calculations based on this version of the generalized Born approximation are much faster than finite difference solutions of the Poisson−Boltzmann equation, which makes the present method useful for a variety of other applications where computational time is a critical factor. The model may also be integrated into molecular dynamics programs to replace explicit solvent simulations which are particularly time-consuming for large molecules.
Substrate coupling in mixed-mode and RF integrated circuits (2002)

This paper overviews substrate coupling in mixed mode and RF integrated circuits. Verification methods are reviewed with emphasis on modeling techniques for the substrate. An efficient substrate coupling simulation methodology is presented that utilizes macromodels of the circuit, substrate and package, and a design example is illustrated.
Changes of oxygen tension in experimental tumors after a single dose of X-ray irradiation. (1995)

Electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry was used to measure the partial pressure of oxygen (pO2) in two types of tumor in vivo in C3H/HeJ mice. The pO2 in MTG-B (high hypoxic fraction) and RIF-1 (low hypoxic fraction) tumors was monitored prior to and at several time points after a single dose of X-ray irradiation (up to 7 days after treatment). Initial values of pO2 in RIF-1 (8.7 +/- 1.1 mm Hg; n = 14) were higher than that of pO2 in MTG-B (3.3 +/- 0.5 mm Hg; n = 19). The pO2 in both types of unirradiated tumors decreased slowly with tumor growth. Irradiation of tumors had a two-phase effect on pO2: an initial sharp decrease in pO2, followed by slow reoxygenation. After a 20-Gy radiation dose, the pO2 was 2.2 +/- 0.5 mm Hg at 6 h [significantly lower (P < 0.0001) than in control] and 3.2 +/- 0.5 mm Hg at 48 h [significantly higher (P < 0.02) than in control] in MTG-B, and 5.4 +/- 1.2 mm Hg at 24 h and 8.2 +/- 1.0 mm Hg at 72 h in RIF-1. The time course for these changes in pO2 was found to be independent of the doses in use in this study (10, 20, and 40 Gy). The occurrence of radiation-induced changes in pO2 and the different time courses of these changes suggest that repeated monitoring of pO2 in tumors during treatment could be used to enhance the efficacy of clinical treatments.
Inkjet Printing of High Performance Transistors with Micron Order Chemically Set Gaps (2017)

This paper reports a 100% inkjet printed transistor with a short channel of approximately 1 µm with an operating speed up to 18.21 GHz. Printed electronics are a burgeoning area in electronics development, but are often stymied by the large minimum feature size. To combat this, techniques were developed to allow for the printings of much shorter transistor channels. The small gap size is achieved through the use of silver inks with different chemical properties to prevent mixing. The combination of the short channel and semiconducting carbon nanotubes (CNT) allows for an exceptional experimentally measured on/off ratio of 10<sup>6</sup>. This all inkjet printed transistor allows for the fabrication of devices using roll-to-roll methodologies with no additional overhead compared to current state of the art production methods.
Single crystal biphenyl end-capped furan-incorporated oligomers: influence of unusual packing structure on carrier mobility and luminescence (2013)

We report the synthesis and characterization of two new furan-based biphenyl end-capped oligomers, 2-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-5-(5-([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)thiophen-2-yl)furan (BPFT) and 5,5′-di([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2,2′-bifuran (BP2F) as candidate semiconductors for organic light-emitting field effect transistors (OLETs). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) showed the high thermostability of these furan-based semiconductors. X-Ray crystallography of single crystals grown by physical vapor transfer (PVT) method revealed a complicated herringbone packing of BPFT stacking with unusual flat and bent structures, which is different from that of BP2F and the bithiophene-based analogue 5,5′-di([1,1′-biphenyl]-4-yl)-2,2′-bithiophene (BP2T). BPFT single crystal showed a higher absolute quantum yield (51%) compared to that of BP2F and BP2T. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations showed that the different excitation energies between flat and bent structures led to the asymmetric transition dipoles in dark state of BPFT H-aggregates, which explains the highest PLQY of BPFT single crystal. Single crystal FET based on BPFT showed an ambipolar characteristic with high hole and electron mobilities, while single crystal FET based on BP2F exhibited p-type characteristic with a high hole mobility. Light emission was observed from the single-crystal FET based on BPFT.
Characteristics of mobile communication traffic in a two‐way band‐shaped service area (1996)

Abstract In a cellular mobile communication system, a service area is divided into many cells for efficient use of channels. It is necessary to take into consideration intercell vehicle movement for teletraffic performance evaluation of such cellular mobile communication systems. Its performance evaluation has been done for a one‐dimensional band‐shaped area, e.g., a highway, assuming that vehicle movement is one way. This paper presents a theoretical performance evaluation of a one‐dimensional band‐shaped area, assuming two‐way vehicle movement. First, whether steady‐state performance for the traffic offered to each cell is constant is analyzed and then the transient characteristic for the case in which traffic varies with time is analyzed. Through a comparison of theoretical and simulation results, the validity of the theoretical result is demonstrated.
Some arachnids from the Carlsbad Cave of New Mexico (1926)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Economic reform, social change, and illegal Chinese emigrants (1996)

Focusing on current human smuggling operations in China, this article analyzes and attempts to explain the background of illegal Chinese emigrant activities. It argues that, contrary to the common representation of these illegal emigrants as hopeless, destitute people who have no choice but to flee from their country, in truth many are young people driven by restlessness and ambition, from various social origins. Recent political, economic, and social reforms within China provide those dreaming of a better life in foreign countries the opportunity to leave.
Identification of a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain associated with nosocomial urinary tract infection (1997)

To differentiate between relapse of infection and reinfection of the urinary tract due to Klebsiella pneumoniae, 33 K. pneumoniae isolates collected from 20 patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) over 2 years were typed by genomic fingerprinting by repetitive-element PCR. Clinical isolates obtained from the same patients with recurrent episodes of urinary tract infection (UTI) revealed identical genomic fingerprints indicating relapse of UTI due to K. pneumoniae, despite appropriate antibiotic therapy. Seventeen isolates obtained from 8 of the 20 SCI patients shared a common genotype, termed RD6. Among non-SCI patients residing in other nursing units, the RD6 genotype was found in 5 of 10 patients with K. pneumoniae UTI but in only 1 of 20 patients with K. pneumoniae infection that did not involve the urinary tract, suggesting a strong association of this genotype with UTI. All RD6 isolates exhibited strong adherence (> or =50 adherent bacteria per cell) to HEp-2 cells, whereas other K. pneumoniae isolates generally did not adhere to or adhered very weakly to HEp-2 cells (< or =5 adherent bacteria per cell). Adherence was inhibited either by 4% D-mannose or by anti-type 1 fimbrial rabbit serum. These results suggest that the capacity of K. pneumoniae RD6 isolates to cause UTI may be mediated by its striking adherence to mammalian cells.