gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Flight- and Aerodynamic Characteristics of a Flying Disc. (1999)

A wind tunnel test was conducted to study the mechanism of a flight of a flying disc which flies while rotating. A Flying disc is a rotating disc without blades, being different from the rotor of a helicopter and the like and its cross sectional shape is a unique upward convex. Using a production flying disc used at an official game, wind tunnel tests were performed. Forces were measured to investigate aerodynamic characteristics of an object of such a shape. In addition, a flat disc was also experimented for a comparison. Free flight tests of the flying disc were carried out to obtain base line data to experiment in the wind tunnel test. Flight data of the flying disc in free air was reduced by analyzing the flight path from the video tapes which recorded the flights of the flying disc. Smoke visualization tests were also made to visualize the flow pattern around the flying disc.
Ligand‐induced internalization of the orexin OX<sub>1</sub> and cannabinoid CB<sub>1</sub> receptors assessed via N‐terminal SNAP and CLIP‐tagging (2010)

These studies demonstrate that highly sensitive and quantitative assays that monitor cell surface CB(1) and OX(1) receptors and their internalization by agonists can be developed based on introduction of variants of O(6)-alkylguanine-DNA-alkyltransferase into the N-terminal domain of the receptor. This should be equally suitable for other G protein-coupled receptors.
Synthesis and stereochemistry ofortho-methylated octaphenylnaphthalenes (1998)

Two exceptionally crowded derivatives of octaphenylnaphthalene bearing ortho-methyls on the phenyl substituents—2,3,5,6,7,8-hexaphenyl-1,4-di(o-tolyl)naphthalene (2) and 2,3,6,7-tetraphenyl-1,4,5,8-tetra(o-tolyl)naphthalene (3)—were prepared by the addition of tetraarylbenzynes to tetraarylcyclopentadienones. Both compounds exist as a mixture of conformational isomers which do not interconvert at ordinary temperatures. The yield of 2 and its distribution of conformers is strongly influenced by the choice of precursors in the final cycloaddition; one method gives a high yield of a 55:45 trans-2:cis-2 mixture, while another gives a very low yield of a 15:85 trans-2:cis-2 mixture. Kinetic epimerization of the latter indicated that the barrier to rotation about the tolyl-naphthalene bonds is 33.1 kcal/mol. Chirality 10:154–158, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Machine Learning in Biology: A Profile of David Haussler (2006)

This paper helped initiate the integration of a branch of machine learning theory with machine learning practice, according to Carnegie Mellon's Tom Mitchell, a world-renowned machine learning researcher and past president of the AAAI. Haussler's paper helped introduce the AI community to PAC (probably approximately correct) learning - then a new line of theoretical work - and linked it with ongoing AI work in machine learning.
An on-chip coupled resonator optical waveguide single-photon buffer (2013)

Integrated quantum optical circuits are now seen as one of the most promising approaches with which to realize single-photon quantum information processing. Many of the core elements for such circuits have been realized, including sources, gates and detectors. However, a significant missing function necessary for photonic quantum information processing on-chip is a buffer, where single photons are stored for a short period of time to facilitate circuit synchronization. Here we report an on-chip single-photon buffer based on coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROW) consisting of 400 high-Q photonic crystal line-defect nanocavities. By using the CROW, a pulsed single photon is successfully buffered for 150 ps with 50-ps tunability while maintaining its non-classical properties. Furthermore, we show that our buffer preserves entanglement by storing and retrieving one photon from a time-bin entangled state. This is a significant step towards an all-optical integrated quantum information processor.
Prediction of delayed neck metastasis in patients with stage I/II squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue (2002)

Such factors provide useful information with regard to DNM and the prognosis. We concluded that patients with early SCC whose tumors are > 4 mm in thickness and immunopositive for Flt-4 are particularly at risk of developing DNM.
A scenario for the deployment of interactive multimedia cable television systems in the United States in the 1990s (1994)

This paper discusses the key technologies that are enabling the transition from analog to digital interactive television. Also discussed is a proposed three-phase scenario for the U.S. deployment of interactive multimedia cable television systems during the remainder of the decade of the 1990s and some of the social implications of such networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immunohistochemical Similarities Between Pancreatic Mucinous Cystic Tumor and Ovarian Mucinous Cystic Tumor (2008)

MCT(P) and MCT(O) have several immunohistochemical similarities and are significantly different from DC. The female sex hormone system may play a major role in the development of both MCT(P) and MCT(O). A frequent p27/kip1 expression level was associated with nonaggressive progression of both tumors.
Light-induced spiral mass transport in azo-polymer films under vortex-beam illumination (2012)

When an azobenzene-containing polymer film is exposed to non-uniform illumination, a light-induced mass migration process may be induced, leading to the formation of relief patterns on the polymer-free surface. Despite many years of research effort, several aspects of this phenomenon remain poorly understood. Here we report the appearance of spiral-shaped relief patterns on the polymer film under the illumination of focused Laguerre-Gauss beams with helical wavefronts and an optical vortex at their axis. The induced spiral reliefs are sensitive to the vortex topological charge and to the wavefront handedness. These findings are unexpected because the doughnut-shaped intensity profile of Laguerre-Gauss beams contains no information about the wavefront handedness. We propose a model that explains the main features of this phenomenon through the surface-mediated interference of the longitudinal and transverse components of the optical field. These results may find applications in optical nanolithography and optical-field nanoimaging.
Microwave Oven Standars (1978)

AbstractThe role of standardization of certain factors of microwave oven design and performance is assuming greater importance as sales continue to increase.Current test standards are discussed, as well as those under development, for radio frequency interference, power output, energy efficiency, as well as for various performance attributes such as defrosting capability and evenness of heating.
Smoking Cessation Rapidly Increases Circulating Progenitor Cells in Peripheral Blood in Chronic Smokers (2004)

The number of circulating PCs/EPCs was reduced in chronic smokers. Smoking cessation led to a rapid restoration of PC/EPC levels. The recovery of EPC levels was greater in light smokers than in heavy smokers. The decreased number of circulating EPCs would make smokers susceptible to cardiovascular disease, and even short-time cessation of smoking may be an effective means to reduce cardiovascular risk.
Angiotensin II and endothelin-1 augment the vascular complications of diabetes via JAK2 activation (2007)

The JAK/STAT pathway is activated in vitro by angiotensin II (ANG II) and endothelin-1 (ET-1), which are implicated in the development of diabetic complications. We hypothesized that ANG II and ET-1 activate the JAK/STAT pathway in vivo to participate in the development of diabetic vascular complications. Using male Sprague-Dawley rats, we performed a time course study [days 7, 14, and 28 after streptozotocin (STZ) injection] to determine changes in phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3 in thoracic aorta using standard Western blot techniques. On day 7 there was no change in phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3. Phosphorylation of JAK2, STAT1, and STAT3 was significantly increased on days 14 and 28 and was inhibited by treatment with candesartan (AT(1) receptor antagonist, 10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) orally in drinking water), atrasentan (ET(A) receptor antagonist, 10 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) orally in drinking water), and AG-490 (JAK2 inhibitor, 5 mg x kg(-1) x day(-1) intraperitoneally). On day 28, treatment with all inhibitors prevented the significant increase in systolic blood pressure (SBP; tail cuff) of STZ-induced diabetic rats (SBP: 157 +/- 9.0, 130 +/- 3.3, 128 +/- 6.8, and 131 +/- 10.4 mmHg in STZ, STZ-candesartan, STZ-atrasentan, and STZ-AG-490 rats, respectively). In isolated tissue bath studies, diabetic rats displayed impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation in aorta (maximal relaxation: 95.3 +/- 3.0, 92.6 +/- 7.4, 76.9 +/- 12.1, and 38.3 +/- 13.1% in sham, sham + AG-490, STZ + AG-490, and STZ rats, respectively). Treatment of rats with AG-490 restored endothelium-dependent relaxation in aorta from diabetic rats at 14 and 28 days of treatment. These results demonstrate that JAK2 activation in vivo participates in the development of vascular complications associated with STZ-induced diabetes.
Effect of composition of MOCVD-SrRuO<sub>3</sub>top electrode of (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O<sub>3</sub>capacitor on H<sub>2</sub>degradation (2001)

Abstract The effect of the composition of MOCVD-SrRuO3 film was investigated not only on its property but also on the character as the top electrode of (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3[PLZT] capacitor for H2 degradation. Resistivity of SrRuO3 film increased by the heat treatment under H2 contained atmosphere but was recovered by the heat treatment at 450 °C under O2 atmosphere. When Ru excess and the stoichiometric SrRuO3 films deposited at 600 °C were used as top electrodes, the remanent polarization(Pr) value of SrRuO3/PLZT/Pt capacitor was almost the same as that of Pt top electrode. On the other hand, when Sr excess SrRuO3 film was used as a top electrode, apparent Pr value decreased. After the heat treatment under 3 % H2 atmosphere at 270°C and the following that under O2 atmosphere at 450 °C, Pr value was perfectly recovered when using the stoichiometric SrRuO3 film as a top electrode. However, Pr value was 50% when Ru excess SrRuO3 was used as a top electrode and hysteresis loops was not observed when using Sr excess SrRuO3 as a top electrode. Moreover, no degradation was observed for fatigue test up to 1010 cycles when MOCVD-SrRuO3 was used as a top electrode. These data showed that MOCVD-SrRuO3 film with stoichiometric composition is a useful top electrode for PLZT ferroelectric capacitor.
Synthesis and epoxy curing of Mannich bases derived from bisphenol A and poly(oxyalkylene)diamine (2000)

A family of Mannich bases were prepared from the reaction of 2,2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propane (bisphenol A or BPA), formaldehyde, and poly(oxyalkylene)diamines at 1 : 1 : 1 or 1 : 2 : 2 molar ratio. By varying the molar ratio of bisphenol A to amine and the chemical structures of poly(oxyalkylene)diamines, a series of products with multiple functionalities of primary/secondary amines, phenols, and poly(oxyalkylene) were prepared. The curing profiles of these products toward the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) were examined by a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The physical properties of these cured materials were correlated with the chemical structures of the Mannich bases. Compared with the poly(oxyalkylene)diamines, the built-in phenol moiety in Mannich bases accelerated the curing rate. Both amine and phenol functionalities could be reactive sites toward diglycidyl ethers in a step-wise fashion under catalytic (triphenylphosphine) and different temperature conditions. Furthermore, the cured polymers demonstrated improved properties including tensile and flexural strength in comparison with those cured by the corresponding poly(oxyalkylene)diamines. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 78: 615–623, 2000
Multiple Preemption Priority Policy Element for RSVP (2010)

RSVP Extensions are being defined allowing an endpoint to signal
alternate bandwidths of interest in case the preferred is
not available and allowing the RSVP routers to collectively establish
the reservation with the highest currently achievable among
the signaled set. This can be used to achieve efficient dynamic
endpoint codec adjustment. The present document presents a
complementary set of extensions, allowing the dynamic bandwidth
selection to reflect a different reservation priority for each of the
multiple bandwidth associated with a reservation.
Effects of low-temperature buffer-layer thickness and growth temperature on the SEE sensitivity of GaAs HIGFET circuits (1997)

Heavy-ion Single Event Effects (SEE) test results reveal the roles of growth temperature and buffer layer thickness in the use of a low-temperature grown GaAs (LT GaAs) buffer layer for suppressing SEE sensitivity in GaAs HIGFET circuits.
Progression of sugar cataract in the dog. (1991)

Young beagle dogs were fed a 30% galactose diet, with or without the aldose reductase inhibitors sorbinil or M79175. Cataract formation was monitored by indirect ophthalmoscope and hand-held slit-lamp microscopy and documented by retroillumination photography. In these dogs, the first sign of cataract development was an accentuation of the anterior and posterior lens sutures (1 month after feeding), then the appearance of cortical vacuoles (3 months after feeding), and finally, the formation of predominantly equatorial cortical opacities toward the posterior cortices (4-6 months after feeding). After long-term galactose feeding, a progressive, irregular, clear zone formed at the cortical equatorial regions. Light microscopic examination of these lenses shows that the cataracts are osmotic, many of the lens fibers appear to be swollen or ruptured, and vacuoles are seen near the bow region. Moreover, these histologic changes were reduced in a dose-dependent manner in galactose-fed dogs concomitantly treated with the aldose reductase inhibitors sorbinil or M79175. The osmotic nature of these cataracts and the observation that their formation can be reduced in a dose-dependent manner by aldose reductase inhibitors are consistent with the concept that the aldose-reductase catalyzed formation of polar sugar alcohols (polyols) initiates sugar cataract formation in the dog.
Cathodic Reduction of 3,4,5,6 -Tetrachloro-N -(2 - Dimethylaminoethyl) -Phthalimide in an Aqueous Medium at a Lead Cathode (1956)

It has been shown that electrolytic reduction of 3,4,5,6 ‐tetrachloro ‐N ‐(2 ‐dimethyl ‐aminoethyl) ‐phthalimide in an aqueous medium at high current densities yields a compound which is probably the 4,6,7 ‐ ‐trichloro ‐2 ‐(2 ‐dimethylaminoethyl) ‐isoin ‐doline. The side reaction which resulted in dehalogenation can be attributed possibly to the general inefficiency of the system for reduction of the carbonyl groups which permitted a relatively stable p ‐quinoid intermediate with resultant nucleophilic substitution on carbon ‐5.
Onset of a painful peripheral neuropathy in rat: a partial and differential deafferentation and spontaneous discharge in A beta and A delta primary afferent neurons (1992)

1. The activity of primary afferent axons was recorded in rats that had received a chronic constriction injury (CCI) to the common sciatic nerve. The CCI gives rise to a painful peripheral neuropathy that is characterized by allodynia, hyperalgesia, and, probably, spontaneous pain (or dysesthesia). In the majority of animals, these neuropathic pain symptoms begin 2 days postinjury; sciatic nerve afferents were examined just before and just after the time of symptom onset, at 1 and 3 days postinjury. 2. We used two stimulating electrodes, one proximal to the injury and the other distal, to activate the injured sciatic nerve while we recorded from individual primary afferent axons in microfilaments teased from the L4-L6 dorsal roots. Measurements of conduction velocities (calculated from the proximal electrode) and evaluation of conduction through the site of injury were made from 181 A beta, 135 A delta, and 60 C-fibers. 3. The percentage of axons that did not conduct through the injury site at 1 day postinjury was 85% for the A beta fibers and 55% for the A delta fibers, but only 9% for the C-fibers. By day 3, these percentages had increased to 89% for the A beta fibers, 87% for the A delta fibers, and 32% for the C-fibers. Some axons were activated from the distal stimulating electrode at currents greater than 5-10 times those required from the proximal electrodes, but their distally evoked responses did not have the longer latencies expected from a more distant site of activation. Control experiments confirmed that such high-threshold responses were due to current spread from the distal electrode to a site proximal to the nerve injury. 4. Spontaneous discharges were observed in 35% of A beta fibers, 15% of A delta fibers, and 3% of C-fibers (data from 1 and 3 days postinjury combined). Of the 55 A beta fibers exhibiting spontaneous discharge, 89% did not conduct through the injury site; the same was true of 65% of the A delta fibers (n = 20). Both of the two spontaneously discharging C-fibers conducted through the injury. The frequency of the spontaneous discharge of the myelinated fibers ranged from 10 to 50 Hz and was usually regular or bursting. 5. Intravenous administration of gallamine triethiodide (Flaxedil), a K+ channel blocker, either induced activity in previously silent fibers or increased the frequency of spontaneous activity in 50% (21/42) of A beta fibers and 19% (3/16) of A delta fibers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Effect of the Hypocotyl Hook on Greening in Etiolated Cucumber Cotyledons (1970)

Four-day-old etiolated cucumber cotyledons (Cucumis sativus, L.) were excised and allowed to green in white fluorescent light at 28 C. Cotyledons excised with a full hypocotyl hook exhibited a lag phase of 1 hour before entering the rapid greening phase, whereas cotyledons excised without any hypocotyl hook exhibited a lag phase of 6 hours. Cotyledons excised with varying lengths of hypocotyl hook accumulated chlorophyll roughly in proportion to the hook length. When cotyledons were excised with a full hook and were partially or totally shielded from light with aluminum foil, the samples with the hook covered accumulated more chlorophyll than the wholly exposed samples. The samples with the cotyledons covered showed no net accumulation of chlorophyll irrespective of hook's exposure to light. These data suggest the contribution of some factor or factors by the hypocotyl hook which reduce the lag phase during greening.
Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids and Their Glucosides from Sonchus oleraceus L. (2008)

Eight compounds, including 2 flavones, luteolin (1) and apigenin (2), 2 flavonols, kaempferol (3) and quercetin (4), and 4 flavonoid glucosides, luteolin-7-O-<TEX>${\beta}$</TEX>-D-glucoside (5), apigetrin (6), astragalin (7), and isoquercitrin (8), isolated from the whole herb of Sonchus oleraceus L. were analyzed on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence. This was the first time to report compounds 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 from the Sonchus oleraceus L. The antioxidant activities of the isolated flavonoids and their glucoside derivatives were evaluated by DPPH free radical-scavenging assay, showing that compounds 1, 3, 4 and 8 exhibited stronger antioxidant activities compared with <TEX>${\alpha}$</TEX>, tocopherol and curcumin. Flavonoids containing more hydroxyl groups exhibited better antioxidant activities. The antioxidant activity of flavonols was superior to their corresponding flavones, and that of aglycone are more potent than their glucoside derivatives.
Experiences from use of a Managed Pressure Drilling & ECD Management System during drilling of a challenging HPHT well (2010)

Abstract A very challenging HPHT well has been drilled utilizing a Managed Pressure Drilling System comprised of an advanced ECD Management System with automatic decision support, and real time simulations using state-of-the art models. The System uses all available real time drilling data (surface and downhole) in combination with real time modelling to monitor and optimize the drilling process. Especially the dynamic well pressure and the allowable drilling window (pore / fracture pressures and well stability limits) are focused on. The information is used to visualize the wellbore in 3D in real time. It has been implemented in Total E&P Norge TASC (Total Activities Support and Collaboration) Center in Norway.The system is composed of the following elements: An advanced and fast integrated wellbore flow and thermal simulator modeling the thermohydraulics effects dynamically, and also the interaction between flow and temperature effects in real time.Automatic quality check and corrections of drilling data; making them suitable for processing by computer modelsReal time supervision of the drilling window using time based drilling data as well as drilling modelsDiagnostics of the drilling state and conditions. This is obtained from comparing model predictions with measured data.Automatic forward looking of the ECDA Virtual Wellbore, with advanced visualization of the downhole process.Data flow and computer infrastructure Among the challenges during planning and drilling of this well have been: Very small window between pore and fracture pressure. RT ECD simulations were performed with an advanced hydraulic and thermal wellbore model, and automatic supervision of the margins versus pore and fracture limits was performed.Increased probability for instabilities in the tight window. Was mitigated by RT stability modeling during drilling.Uncertainties in pore pressure predictions. Was mitigated by updating predictions during drilling. Experiences from the drilling as well as use of the MPD System will be summarized and presented. The supervision and diagnosis functionalities have been useful in particular.
A Simple Route to the Preparation of Benzimidazoles and Benzoxazoles (2001)

The synthesis of benzimidazoles and benzoxazoles by the condensation reaction of o-phenylenediamines and o-aminophenols with S-methylisothioamide hydroiodides on silica gel under microwave irradiation, and also in solvent under reflux, is reported.
Enhancing the “Stickiness” of Bile Acids to Cross-Linked Polymers:  A Bioconjugate Approach to the Design of Bile Acid Sequestrants (2000)

A series of cross-linked polymers have been synthesized by reaction of 2% cross-linked, chloromethylated polystyrene with a tertiary amine derivative (7) of cholic acid (prepared by reaction of cholic acid methyl ester with N,N-dimethyl-ethylenediamine), followed by exhaustive quaternization with trimethylamine. Increased loadings of 7 result in enhanced binding of taurocholate ion and a decrease in its rate of release upon exposure to 50 mM aqueous NaCl. Examination of particle-size effects indicates that film diffusion and particle diffusion both contribute to the observed kinetics. Interruption tests that were carried out confirmed that particle diffusion is kinetically important. The relevance of this bioconjugate approach to the design of bile acid sequestrants for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia is briefly discussed.
We Don't Create Angels ... The Bristol primary exclusion project (1998)

Summary This article describes the work of the Bristol primary exclusion project which has contributed to a 46 per cent drop in the permanent exclusions of primary age children in Bristol in the academic year 1996‐97. It outlines a multi‐agency team approach to supporting young children on the verge of exclusion and describes the roles and support structures within the team. The article also offers an analysis of the referral data and evaluates the outcomes in terms of final placements for the ‘graduates’ and feedback both from the schools and the team. Conclusions are drawn about the value of the team's approach and the continuing development of its work.