gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Specific action of the lipoxygenase pathway in mediating angiotensin II-induced aldosterone synthesis in isolated adrenal glomerulosa cells. (1987)

Angiotensin II (AII) in adrenal glomerulosa cells activates phospholipase C resulting in the formation of inositol phosphates and diacylglycerol rich in arachidonic acid (AA). Although glomerulosa cells can metabolize AA via cyclooxygenase (CO), this pathway plays little role in aldosterone synthesis. Recent evidence suggests that the lipoxygenase (LO) pathway may be important for hormonal secretion in endocrine tissues such as the islet of Langerhans. However, the capacity of the glomerulosa cell to synthesize LO products and their role in aldosterone secretion is not known. To study this, the effect of nonselective and selective LO inhibitors on AII, ACTH, and potassium-induced aldosterone secretion and LO product formation was evaluated in isolated rat glomerulosa cells. BW755c, a nonselective LO inhibitor dose dependently reduced the AII-stimulated level of aldosterone without altering AII binding (91 +/- 6 to 36 +/- 4 ng/10(6) cells/h 10(-4) M, P less than 0.001). The same effect was observed with another nonselective LO blocker, phenidone, and a more selective 12-LO inhibitor, Baicalein. In contrast U-60257, a selective 5-LO inhibitor did not change the AII-stimulated levels of aldosterone (208 +/- 11% control, AII 10(-9) M vs. 222 +/- 38%, AII + U-60257). The LO blockers action was specific for AII since neither BW755c nor phenidone altered ACTH or K+-induced aldosterone secretion. AII stimulated the formation of the 12-LO product 12-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (12-HETE) as measured by ultraviolet detection and HPLC in AA loaded cells and by a specific RIA in unlabeled cells (501 +/- 50 to 990 +/- 10 pg/10(5) cells, P less than 0.02). BW755c prevented the AII-mediated rise in 12-HETE formation. In contrast, neither ACTH nor K+ increased 12-HETE levels. The addition of 12-HETE or its unstable precursor 12-HPETE (10(-9) or 10(-8) M) completely restored AII action during LO blockade. AII also produced an increase in 15-HETE formation, but the 15-LO products had no effect on aldosterone secretion. These studies suggest that the 12-LO pathway plays a key role as a new specific mediator of AII-induced aldosterone secretion.
Soft switching converter with powerlimiting feature (1999)

A new zero voltage, soft switching converter is presented. This converter implements ZVS to minimise switching losses and it has special output power limiting characteristics. At a constant switching frequency the output power is limited to a maximum value and power falls at high current and low current. This is suitable for applications where power control is needed and the converter has inherent protection against short circuit and overvoltage at open circuit at the output. The authors provide analysis of the ZV soft switching converter; equations for different operating states and the power characteristics are presented. The work is verified by a 70 W prototype converter circuit.
Fast polygon scan conversion with medical applications (1994)

The algorithm presented for polygon scan conversion is very fast and can replace the standard version in any application. Special requirements from medical data sets illustrate its practicality and versatility. The polygon scan conversion problem refers to filling the interior of a region represented by one or more polygons. The polygons are represented by the coordinates of their vertices in cyclic order. This problem shows up in many areas of computer graphics. The standard approach to polygon scan conversion creates two data structures, an edge table and an active edge table (AET). The edge table contains a bucket for each scan line. Each bucket consists of a linked list containing all the edges starting on that scan line (or straddling it for the first time). Creation of the edge table is an image-space step, since it depends on the number of scan lines existing in image space (that is, on the resolution of the target display device). In this respect, it is a device-dependent step. The algorithm we develop uses only an object-space data structure instead of the edge table and is therefore less device dependent. In particular, it is suitable for both raster and vector graphics devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Failure Type-Aware Reliability Assessment with Component Failure Dependency (2010)

Most of the existing reliability assessment techniques assume that components fail independently and consider different types of failures equally. By disregarding component failure dependency, these techniques assume inappropriately that a component failure does not affect any other component and it directly leads to a system failure. Also, by considering different failure types equally, reliability assessment disregards various criticality levels or severities of different failures. In practice, component failures affect other system components and vary with respect to their criticality levels. Recently, some propagation-based techniques incorporate component failure dependency in the reliability measure through failure propagation analysis by focusing only on value failures. Therefore, other failures (e.g., silent and performance) are not considered in the current failure propagation analysis. In this paper, we present an approach for reliability assessment of fault tolerant component-based software systems considering component failure dependency and enabling failure type-awareness. We incorporate component failure dependency in the reliability quantification by analyzing failure propagation among system components. We enable failure type-awareness by analyzing the propagation of different failure types in fault tolerant components and the architectural service routes among them. Finally, we aggregate the impacts of these failure types on system reliability.
SmartGuia: Shopping Assistant for Blind People (2014)

Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Engenharia Biomédica apresentada à Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade de Coimbra.
The association between the use of antimicrobialgrowth promoters and development of resistance inpathogenic bacteria towards growth promoting andtherapeutic antimicrobials (1998)

The use of antimicrobial growth promoters has caused the development of resistance in a number of important pathogenic bacterial species. Furthermore, most cases in which antimicrobials belonging to one single class of antibiotics have been used as therapeutic drugs for both humans and animals have resulted in the development of cross resistance to these drugs. Some of the bacteria developing resistance are pathogenic to animals or man, and the development of resistance to growth promoters and related therapeutic drugs has limited the therapeutic options for these bacteria. In the case of E. faecium, resistance has developed towards very important "last resort" antimicrobials. Although the full public health consequences of the development of resistance through the use of antimicrobial growth promoters have not yet been determined, there is nevertheless a need to take precautionary actions in order to prevent further development of resistance towards a number of antimicrobials used as growth promoters.
Differential expression of α-lactalbumin and casein genes during the onset of lactation in the guinea-pig mammary gland (1981)

1. The expression of alpha-lactalbumin and casein genes was examined in guinea-pig mammary tissue taken from animals both pre- and post-partum. 2. Analysis of total RNA by RNA excess hybridization with sequence-specific complementary DNA probes demonstrated that alpha-lactalbumin mRNA was present late in pregnancy, and that maximum concentrations were present at parturition. Casein gene transcripts were absent late in pregnancy (62 days), but by parturition were present at concentrations identical to those found at all time points examined throughout lactation. 3. Studies using mammary explants in organ culture showed that tissue from pregnant animals, or animals at parturition, synthesized and secreted only alpha-lactalbumin. After parturition, at the onset of casein synthesis, differential rates of secretion of alpha-lactalbumin and the caseins were observed. 4. The results are discussed in terms of the multiple intracellular mechanisms involved in the regulation of milk protein gene expression in the guinea-pig mammary gland.
Radioautographic Localization of <sup>125</sup>I-Atrial Natriuretic Factor Binding Sites in the Brain (1986)

Rats were injected through the carotid artery (cephalad direction) with 18.9 mu Ci of either 125I-Arg 101-Tyr 126 atrial natriuretic factor alone or together with an excess of unlabeled hormone. At 2 min after injection, all rats were fixed in vivo by perfusion and serial sections of the whole brain were processed for light microscope radioautography. The radioautographic reaction produced by 125I-atrial natriuretic factor alone was localized in all circumventricular organs (except the subcommissural organ), the smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells of arteries, arterioles, veins, venules, the endothelial cells of intraparenchymal capillaries and the epithelial cells of the choroid plexus. In rats which received 125I-atrial natriuretic factor plus an excess of unlabeled hormone, the radioautographic reaction was reduced by 70-90%. Binding sites are thus localized in regions of the brain, some of them involved in the central monitoring of blood pressure and osmolarity. In addition, the presence of binding sites in the cerebral vasculature and in the epithelium of the choroid plexus suggests that circulating ANF may play a role in the control of cerebral blood flow and in the production of vertebrospinal fluid.
Effects of glycyrrhizin, an active component of licorice roots, on<i>Candida albicans</i>infection in thermally injured mice (1999)

Due to the generation of burn-associated CD8+ CD11b+ TCR gamma/delta+ type 2 T cells (burn-associated type 2 T cells), the susceptibility of thermally injured mice to infection with C. albicans has been shown to be increased by up to 50-fold when compared with normal mice. Glycyrrhizin (GR), an active component of licorice roots, reduced the susceptibility of thermally injured mice to C. albicans infection to levels observed in normal mice. Thermally injured mice inoculated with CD4+ T cells from GR-treated mice were also resistant to C. albicans infection. The following demonstrated that susceptibility to fungal infection was similar in thermally injured mice and normal mice inoculated with T6S cells (a clone of burn-associated type 2 T cells). This susceptibility of T6S mice (normal mice inoculated with T6S cells) was reversible by (i) administration of GR, (ii) inoculation of CD4+ T cells from GR-treated mice, and (iii) injection of a mixture of MoAbs targeted against type 2 cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). After stimulation with anti-CD3 MoAb, splenic T cells from thermally injured and T6S mice, treated with GR or inoculated with CD4+ T cells from GR-treated mice, did not have type 2 cytokines in culture supernatants. They were present in splenic T cell cultures from thermally injured and T6S mice that were treated with saline or inoculated with naive T cells. These results suggest that GR, by inducing CD4+ T cells which suppress type 2 cytokines produced by burn-associated type 2 T cells, improves the resistance of thermally injured mice to C. albicans. An anti-type 2 T cell action of the CD4+ T cells derived from GR-treated mice was previously described.
A Depth Camera-based Human Activity Recognition via Deep Learning Recurrent Neural Network for Health and Social Care Services (2016)

Human activity recognition (HAR) has become an active research topic in the fields of health and social care, since this technology offers automatic monitoring and understanding of activities of patients or residents. Depth camera-based HAR recognizes human activities using features from depth human silhouettes via conventional classifiers such as Hidden Markov Model (HMM), Conditional Random Fields etc. In this paper, we propose a new HAR system via Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) which is one of deep learning algorithms. We utilize joint angles from multiple body joints changing in time which are represented a spatiotemporal feature matrix (i.e., multiple body joint angles in time). With these derived features, we train and test our RNN for HAR. In order to evaluate our system, we have compared the performance of our RNN-based HAR against the conventional HMM- and Deep Belief Network (DBN)-based HAR using a database of Microsoft Research Cambridge-12 (MSRC-12). Our test results show that the proposed RNN-based HAR is able to recognize twelve human activities reliably and outperforms the HMM- and DBN-based HAR. We have achieved the average recognition accuracy of 99.55% for the activities. The results are 7.06% more accurate than that of the HMM-based HAR and 2.01% more accurate than that of the DBN-based HAR.
Identification of highly expressed genes in metastasis-suppressed chromosome 6/human malignant melanoma hybrid cells using subtractive hybridization and differential display (1997)

Microcell-mediated transfer of chromosome 6 into human melanoma cell lines C8161 and MelJuSo suppresses metastasis by at least 95% without affecting tumorigenicity. Subtractive hybridization and differential display were used to identify the molecule(s) responsible for suppressing metastasis in neo6/melanoma (neo6/C8161 and neo6/MelJuSo) hybrids. Seven cDNA clones exhibiting quantitatively or qualitatively higher expression in neo6/melanoma hybrids were obtained. These genes fell into 2 categories: 1) transcription-related genes (AP-2A, HMG-I(Y) and a novel isoform of nucleophosmin B23), which have previously been shown to regulate metastasis-associated genes; and 2) novel genes. One of the novel genes, designated KiSS-1, significantly suppressed metastasis of the human malignant melanoma cell lines MelJuSo and a highly metastatic subclone of C8161, C8161cl.9, following transfection and constitutive expression. Our results illustrate the power of subtractive hybridization and differential display to identify functional metastasis-controlling genes in human melanoma.
Rapid and prolonged distribution of tulathromycin into lung homogenate and pulmonary epithelial lining fluid of Holstein calves following a single subcutaneous administration of 2.5 mg/kg body weight. (2010)

Twenty-four healthy Holstein calves received single subcutaneous injections of 2.5 mg/kg bw tulathromycin. At each of 8 time points ranging from 1 – 360 hr post-dose, three animals were randomly selected for euthanasia. At the time of euthanasia, whole blood, lung tissue, and broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) samples were collected and subsequently assayed for tulathromycin with an LC MS/MS procedure. Concentrations of tulathromycin in pulmonary epithelial lining fluid (PELF) were determined from
Comparative in vitro evaluation of efficacy of mouthrinses against Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacilli and Candida albicans. (2011)

The results of the study indicate that 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse (Hexidine) has the best anti-microbial efficacy against all the tested microorganisms, with laboratory-manufactured propolis mouthrinse showing an equivalent efficacy against Streptococcus mutans only. No added advantage of using the tested mouthrinse combinations was observed.
Ultra High Bypass Ratio Low Noise Engine Study (2003)

A study was conducted to identify engine cycle and technologies needed for a regional aircraft which could be capable of achieving a 10 EPNdB reduction in community noise level relative to current FAR36 Stage 3 limits. The study was directed toward 100-passenger regional aircraft with engine configurations in the 15,000 pound thrust class. The study focused on Ultra High Bypass Ratio (UHBR) cycles due to low exhaust jet velocities and reduced fan tip speeds. The baseline engine for this study employed a gear-driven, 1000 ft/sec tip speed fan and had a cruise bypass ratio of 14:1. A revised engine configuration employing fan and turbine design improvements are predicted to be 9.2 dB below current takeoff limits and 12.8 dB below current approach limits. An economic analysis was also done by estimating Direct Operating Cost (DOC).
Modeling of lithium-ion battery degradationfor cell life assessment (2017)

Rechargeable lithium-ion batteries are promising candidates for building grid-level storage systems because of their high energy and power density, low discharge rate, and decreasing cost. A vital aspect in energy storage planning and operations is to accurately model the aging cost of battery cells, especially in irregular cycling operations. This paper proposes a semi-empirical lithium-ion battery degradation model that assesses battery cell life loss from operating profiles. We formulate the model by combining fundamental theories of battery degradation and our observations in battery aging test results. The model is adaptable to different types of lithium-ion batteries, and methods for tuning the model coefficients based on manufacturer's data are presented. A cycle-counting method is incorporated to identify stress cycles from irregular operations, allowing the degradation model to be applied to any battery energy storage (BES) applications. The usefulness of this model is demonstrated through an assessment of the degradation that a BES would incur by providing frequency control in the PJM regulation market.
Dry-grind processing using amylase corn and superior yeast to reduce the exogenous enzyme requirements in bioethanol production (2016)

Use of amylase corn and superior yeast in the dry-grind processing industry can reduce the total external enzyme usage by more than 80 %, and combining their use with in situ removal of ethanol during fermentation allows efficient high-solid fermentation.
The Effects of Ultrasonic Irradiation on Electroless Nickel Plating (1978)

SummaryThe effects of ultrasonic irradiation on electroless nickel plating were studied for both basic and practical purposes. The results reported here indicate that the application of ultrasound during the plating process can be beneficial. The rate of deposition is ncreased by ultrasound. The hardness of the resultant deposits was 635 VHN50 compared to 535 VHN50 for normal deposits. Significant changes in the microstructure of the Ni-P deposits were also observed. Deposits formed with ultrasound had a lower phosphorus content. The concentration of catalytic inhibitors, such as thiourea, was found to be critical in the presence of ultrasonic irradiation. The formulation of the experimental plating baths, exemplified by the metal-chelate stability constant, becomes an important factor when ultrasound is applied to an electroless nickel plating system.
Integration of Clearance Mechanisms: The Proteasome and Autophagy (2010)

Cells maintain a healthy proteome through continuous evaluation of the quality of each of their proteins. Quality control requires the coordinated action of chaperones and proteolytic systems. Chaperones identify abnormal or unstable conformations in proteins and often assist them to regain stability. However, if repair is not possible, the aberrant protein is eliminated from the cellular cytosol to prevent undesired interactions with other proteins or its organization into toxic multimeric complexes. Autophagy and the ubiquitin/proteasome system mediate the complete degradation of abnormal protein products. In this article, we describe each of these proteolytic systems and their contribution to cellular quality control. We also comment on the cellular consequences resulting from the dysfunction of these systems in common human protein conformational disorders and provide an overview on current therapeutic interventions based on the modulation of the proteolytic systems.
Bacterial Efflux Pumps Involved in Multidrug Resistance and their Inhibitors: Rejuvinating the Antimicrobial Chemotherapy (2012)

Active efflux of antibiotics is one of the major mechanisms of drug resistance in bacteria. The efflux process is mediated by membrane transporters with a large variety of unrelated compounds as their substrates. Though these pumps are responsible for the low intrinsic resistance of a bacterium to a drug, their overexpression, accumulation of mutations in these proteins and their synergy with other drug resistance mechanisms hampers effective antimicrobial treatment. As efflux pumps have been reported to play vital roles in mediating multidrug resistance in clinical isolates from varied geographic locations and varied populations, the inhibition of efflux pumps appears to be an attractive approach to combat the problem of drug resistance. Efflux pump inhibitors can be utilized for increasing the antibiotic concentration inside a pathogenic cell making these drugs more effective, reduce the accumulation of other resistance mechanisms in a cell and for diagnostic purposes to evaluate the presence and contribution of the efflux mechanism in a pathogen. A large number of inhibitors have been discovered and patented in last two decades but the process of discovery, testing and commercialization is rather slow. Some of the important inhibitors include the energy decouplers, phenothiazines, analogs of popular antibiotics, inhibitors of serotonin re-uptake, to name a few, that have been used as adjuvants in the antimicrobial chemotherapy to potentiate the activity of some important antimicrobials in deadly pathogens that have worried the mankind since long. This review describes the role of efflux pumps in governing the resistance phenotype of a pathogen, efflux pumps found in bacteria and the efflux pump inhibitors that have been studied and patented so far.
Basal cells are progenitors of luminal cells in primary cultures of differentiating human prostatic epithelium (1998)

These findings demonstrate that basal and luminal cells are of the same lineage and are derived from a common stem cell. Moreover, the progenitor stem cells reside within the basal compartment.
Acylated ghrelin as a provocative test for the diagnosis of GH deficiency in adults (2012)

Our data show that testing with acylated ghrelin represents a reliable diagnostic tool for the diagnosis of adult GHD, in lean and overweight subjects, if appropriate cut-off limits are assumed. Obesity strongly reduces GH response to ghrelin, GH weight-related cut-off limit and diagnostic reliability of the test.
Autophagy Activation and Antiviral Activity by a Licorice Triterpene (2014)

The triterpene glycyrrhizic acid (GRA), the main product from the Glycyrrhiza glabra medicinal plant, is known for its antiinflammatory and antimicrobial activity. In this work, GRA was studied for its ability to induce the autophagic process activator Beclin 1 in epithelial cells and to observe how this property could influence its antiviral activity. After 24 h of treatment, GRA induced a Beclin 1 production that was more than twofold higher than that produced by rapamycin, used as a reference compound. When the compounds were added to HeLa cells together with the viruses, GRA demonstrated a strong antiherpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV1) activity, whereas rapamycin had no activity. However, if the compounds were added to the cells 24 h before the viruses, GRA induced the production of an even higher amount of Beclin 1 and showed an improved antiviral effect; under these conditions, rapamycin was also able to exert a significant anti-HSV1 activity. In conclusion, GRA is a strong inducer of the autophagy activator Beclin 1, which establishes a resistance state to HSV1 replication.