gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cloning and characterization of the Streptomyces peucetius dnrQS genes encoding a daunosamine biosynthesis enzyme and a glycosyl transferase involved in daunorubicin biosynthesis (1995)

The dnrQS genes from the daunorubicin producer Streptomyces peucetius were characterized by DNA sequencing, complementation analysis, and gene disruption. The dnrQ gene is required for daunosamine biosynthesis, and dnrS appears to encode a glycosyltransferase for the addition of the 2,3,6-trideoxy-3-aminohexose, daunosamine, to epsilon-rhodomycinone.
Sensitive Determination of a Drug Candidate in Dried Blood Spots Using a TLC–MS Interface Integrated into a Column-Switching LC–MS/MS System (2010)

The thin-layer chromatography-mass spectrometry interface provided high reproducibility and good extraction efficiency. Although manually operated, it significantly reduced sample preparation efforts. The combination with online solid-phase extraction allowed enrichment of larger sample/extract volumes and efficient clean-up.
Raman tensor analysis of (K<sub>0.5</sub>Na<sub>0.5</sub>)NbO<sub>3</sub>–LiSbO<sub>3</sub> lead‐free ceramics and its application to study grain/domain orientation (2012)

A quantitative polarized Raman analysis of ferroelectric grain/domain orientation in LiSbO 3 (LS‐modified) (K 0.5 Na 0.5 )NbO 3 (KNN) ceramics is presented, based on the analysis of the complex orientation dependence in space of their Raman‐active modes. Complete sets of Raman tensor elements of A g , and E g phonon modes for orthorhombic/tetragonal structures of KNN have been determined. Through this spectroscopic algorithm, quantitative information could be extracted in terms of three Euler angles in space for KNN samples consisting of mixed phases, thus enabling quantitative visualization of the local distribution of grains/domains in the solid angle. As an application of the method, we quantitatively examined the unknown crystallographic grain orientation patterns on the surfaces of pure KNN and of KNN‐0.05LS ceramics. These two samples were useful to clarify a polymorphic phase transition from the orthorhombic to the tetragonal phase taking place in the LS‐modified KNN system. Thus, we demonstrated that polarized Raman spectroscopy is a valuable and efficient tool for nondestructive three‐dimensional assessments of grain/domain orientation in ferroelectric materials with complex polymorphic structures. We believe that the data shown here represent a typical scenario encountered in grain/domain orientation assessments of piezoelectric perovskites. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Gate capacitance-voltage characteristics of submicron-long-gate diamond field-effect transistors with hydrogen surface termination (2007)

The radio-frequency characteristics of p-type diamond field-effect transistors with hydrogen surface termination were numerically analyzed using an equivalent-circuit model. From the gate-source capacitance (CGS)-voltage (VGS) results extracted from measured s parameters, the authors found a plateau in CGS within a certain VGS range. This means that a two-dimensional hole gas channel forms parallel to the surface and that the channel is separated by a thin energy-barrier layer with an infinite height from the gate metal. At a high negative VGS, as negative VGS is increased, CGS increases steeply. This results from holes penetrating the energy barrier.
IMU-based vehicle load estimation under normal driving conditions (2014)

In vehicle load detection and estimation, having an accurate estimate of the height of the Center of Gravity (CG) and the Roll Center (RC) is crucial. In this paper, taking advantage of the availability of Inertial Measurement Units (IMUs) in automotive vehicles, the nominal CG and RC heights are estimated and used for the main purpose of roof load detection. RC estimation is formulated as an Errors-in-Variables regression model. The Total and Corrected Least Squares (TLS and CLS) approaches are applied and a comparison is performed. Using the knowledge of the covariance matrix, CLS provides consistent estimates of the RC height. The estimated RC and CG heights are used to estimate the roof load using a greybox model and the method is applied to measurements from normal driving conditions.
Enhancement of light extraction efficiency of OLEDs using Si_3N_4-based optical scattering layer (2014)

An optical scattering layer, consisting of a Si3N4 nano-pillar array and a spin-coated hydrogen silsesquioxane (HSQ) planarization layer, was introduced to an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) substrate to increase the out-coupling efficiency. After plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) of the Si3N4 layer, the nano-pillar array was created using nanoimprint lithography and reactive ion etching. As the Si3N4 pillar array has a refractive index of 2.0, photons generated in the organic layer are scattered by the Si3N4 structures and thus have a higher chance of being emitted from the device. The spin-coated HSQ planarization layer produces a flat substrate, which is essential for depositing a uniform organic material layer and assuring the electric conductivity of the transparent conducting oxide (TCO) layer. In this study, Si3N4 nano-structures with a height of 100 or 300 nm were used to enhance the out-coupling efficiency of the OLED devices. Although the electrical conductivity of the TCO layer deposited on the light scattering layer was slightly degraded, the OLED devices formed with the light scattering layer exhibited a higher luminous power at given electrical power. Consequently, the use of a planarized 300-nm-thick Si3N4 layer increased the external quantum efficiency of the OLED device by 50% at 10,000 cd/m2 compared to the reference OLED device fabricated on a flat glass substrate.
Computer-generated residential building layouts (2010)

We present a method for automated generation of building layouts for computer graphics applications. Our approach is motivated by the layout design process developed in architecture. Given a set of high-level requirements, an architectural program is synthesized using a Bayesian network trained on real-world data. The architectural program is realized in a set of floor plans, obtained through stochastic optimization. The floor plans are used to construct a complete three-dimensional building with internal structure. We demonstrate a variety of computer-generated buildings produced by the presented approach.
Metadata driven code generation using .NET framework (2004)

In this paper incorporating manual and automatic code generation is discussed. A solution for automatic metadata-driven code generation is presented illustrated with multi tier Enterprise Resource Planning System. We intend to make our solution available to public in order to encourage investigation of code generation and schema-driven tools for .NET Framework.
Mercury-Sealed Vessels for the Storage of Solutions (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMercury-Sealed Vessels for the Storage of SolutionsFrederic E. HolmesCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1940, 12, 7, 425–427Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50147a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50147a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Metallic Sealing Technology in Downhole Completion Equipment (1989)

ABSTRACT Metallic seal systems are relatively new to downhole completion equipment. Their incorporation into downhole products represents a trend toward higher technology in extreme service applications. The foundations for metal seal design have long been established in other industries such as aerospace, high pressure and temperature autoclaves, cryogenic and chemical industries. This paper will examine why metal Seal technology exists and to what extent downhole well completion equipment is affected. INTRODUCTION As new frontiers emerge in the oil and gas industry, new problems arise. Higher temperature and pressure, greater well depth and severe corrosion significantly affect downhole products. These factors combine to create severe performance and longevity problems which manufacturers of downhole equipment must work to solve. Polymeric seals in downhole equipment are the leading cause of equipment failure.1 Since reliability of the well completion is of utmost concern to today's operator, the push toward better seal systems has generated the current influx of metal seals. Metal seals provide excellent service in many currently marketed products2. However, metal seals are not the panacea of downhole sealing requirements. As much as the industry would like to convert to metal seals, certain downhole products have yet to prove easily adaptable to metal configurations. Incorporating metal seals downhole requires basic seal design consideration. Extensive time and financial support is also required. In general, metal seal technology costlier to develop than non-metal. Inroads have been made toward developing all-metal equipment. The subsurface safety valve is the first significant dynamic product to utilize all-metal seal technology. It is currently field proven and a readily available item. The safety valve utilizes all aspects of metal seal design and has laid the groundwork for products that follow. SEALING THEORY GENERAL TO understand what makes a "good" seal, one must realize that there is no current accepted definition of the term "zero leakage". An acceptable seal in the oilfield may be totally unacceptable by aerospace standards. In general, however, zero leakage dictates the use of polymeric seals. When metallic seals are desirable, zero leakage must be quantified. For example, Advanced Technology Labs (G.E.) defines zero leakage to be less than 10−8 cm3 per second of helium at atmospheric pressure.
Sub-scale Machining of Large Components (2015)

A post-processing algorithm for CNC machine NC code was developed for altering NC code based on measurements from a stand-alone coordinate metrology system that measures the orientation and offset of the part and machine coordinate systems (CS). With this post-processing algorithm, the ability to machine a monolithic part larger than the working area of a machine in multiple sections becomes possible. A series of test parts were machined with a Haas Vertical Milling Machine (VMM) and a Leica laser tracker as proof of concept and to determine the errors introduced into the machining process by adding the additional metrology system. Monte Carlo simulations confirm that adding the stand-alone metrology system increases the magnitude of errors to approximately the accuracy of the metrology system itself, about 50 micrometers. The initial set of test parts machined showed errors at a factor of 25 larger than expected. It was determined that a component used to determine the machine's spindle location was introducing significant error into the process. The component was replaced and new parts machined that showed a significant improvement but still with errors larger than expected. Machine squareness errors showed the importance of measuring CS features within the same plane. Finally, it was determined that the definition of the part CS is sensitive to how the part is fixtured to the machine. Sub-scale machining is a viable process for machining large components with a slight increase in feature location error.
Embedding Theoretical Models in Neural Networks (1992)

A novel method for incorporating constraints and default models into neural networks is presented. The method involves a parallel arrangement of a default model and a radial basis function network. The training procedure accounts for equality and inequality constraints that must be satisfied for all future inputs to the network. In the case of linear equality constraints and no inequality constraints, training is reduced to a quadratic problem possessing an analytical solution. The extrapolation properties of the model-based network are controllable to a greater extent than previous network models.
A Model for Studying Display Methods of Statistical Graphics (1993)

Abstract A method of statistical graphics consists of two parts: a selection of statistical information to be displayed and a selection of a visual display method to encode the information. Some display methods lead to efficient, accurate visual decoding of encoded information, and others lead to inefficient, inaccurate decoding. It is only through rigorous studies of visual decoding that informed judgments can be made about how to choose display methods. A model has been developed to provide a framework for the study of visual decoding. The model consists of three parts: (1) a two-way classification of information on displays—quantitative-scale, quantitative-physical, categorical-scale, and categorical-physical; (2) a division of the visual processing of graphical displays into pattern perception and table look-up; (3) a specification of visual operations that are employed to carry out pattern perception and table look-up. Display methods are assessed by studying the visual operations to which they lead. Studies use the theory and experimental technique of various areas of vision research including psychophysics, cognitive psychology, and computational vision. This process is illustrated by studies of three display methods: visual reference grids for graphs with juxtaposed panels and common scales, encoding a categorical variable on a scatterplot by the type of plotting symbol, and choosing the aspect ratio of a factor-response graph.
Distance and Severity of Creeping Bentgrass Injury from Mower-Dislodged Sulfonylurea Herbicides (2008)

Several field observations and limited research have confirmed that sulfonylurea herbicides commonly used in warm-season turf can laterally relocate via turf equipment and injure neighboring cool-season grasses. This phenomenon is referred to as ‘tracking’ among turf managers and often occurs when mowers traverse treated areas and adjacent creeping bentgrass putting greens, fairways, and tee boxes while foliage is wet with dew. Tracked flazasulfuron and metsulfuron at 9 and 42 g/ha, respectively, caused little injury to creeping bentgrass. Flazasulfuron at 26 and 53 g/ha, and foramsulfuron at 28 g ai/ha tracked while dew was present 20 h after treatment (HAT) resulted in the most noticeable creeping bentgrass injury when tracked. Flazasulfuron at higher rates and foramsulfuron tracked 20 HAT on dew-covered turf reduced turf color compared to nontracked turf. When the mower traversed dry turf at 6 HAT and wet turf at 68 HAT, turf color was reduced less than wet turf tracked 20 HAT. Length of track and creeping bentgrass injury decreased with flazasulfuron rate. When using flazasulfuron at rates between 9 and 53 g/ha, a 1.5- and 4.5-m border, respectively, around creeping bentgrass would eliminate most injury from tracked herbicide.Nomenclature: Flazasulfuron, foramsulfuron, metsulfuron, creeping bentgrass, Agrostis stolonifera L. ‘Penncross’, ‘L93’, perennial ryegrass, Lolium perenne L. ‘Pennant II’
Convergent and Divergent Development among M Cell Lineages in Mouse Mucosal Epithelium (2011)

M cells are specialized epithelial cells mediating immune surveillance of the mucosal lumen by transepithelial delivery of Ags to underlying dendritic cells (DC). At least three M cell phenotypes are known in the airways and intestine, but their developmental relationships are unclear. We used reporter transgenic mouse strains to follow the constitutive development of M cell subsets and their acute induction by cholera toxin (CT). M cells overlying intestinal Peyer's patches (PPs), isolated lymphoid follicles, and nasal-associated lymphoid tissue are induced by distinct settings, yet show convergent phenotypes, such as expression of a peptidoglycan recognition protein-S (PGRP-S) transgene reporter. By contrast, though PP, isolated lymphoid follicle, and villous M cells are all derived from intestinal crypt stem cells, their phenotypes were clearly distinct; for example, PP M cells frequently appeared to form M cell-DC functional units, whereas villous M cells did not consistently engage underlying DC. B lymphocytes are critical to M cell function by forming a basolateral pocket and possible signaling through CD137; however, initial commitment to all M cell lineages is B lymphocyte and CD137 independent. CT causes induction of new M cells in the airway and intestine without cell division, suggesting transdifferentiation from mature epithelial cells. In contrast with intestinal PP M cells, CT-induced nasal-associated lymphoid tissue M cells appear to be generated from ciliated Foxj1(+)PGRP-S(+) cells, indicative of a possible precommitted progenitor. In summary, constitutive and inducible differentiation of M cells is toward strictly defined context-dependent phenotypes, suggesting specialized roles in surveillance of mucosal Ags.
Harmonically mode-locked, polarization-maintaining, and dispersion-managed erbium fiber ring laser with variable output coupling (1998)

Summary form only given. Actively mode-locked erbium fiber ring lasers (ML-EFRLs) have attracted much interest as sources of transform-limited short pulses for future ultrahigh-speed optical communication. In this work, we have constructed a 10-GHz regeneratively ML-EFRL with a polarization-maintaining dispersion managed cavity. We experimentally show that the stable operation region of the ML-EFRL is extended by increasing the laser output coupling. Furthermore, we carry out a detailed analysis of the ML-EFRL pulse quality.
Impact of U.S. Preventive Services Task Force recommendation on screening for prostate cancer in men age 75 or older. (2012)

216 Background: In 2008, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommended against screening for prostate cancer in men age 75 years or older. We sought to determine the impact of this statement on utilization of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing in this patient group. Methods: Using the 2005 and 2010 National Health Interview Survey, a cross-sectional household interview survey providing a representative sample of the U.S. population, we analyzed the use of PSA testing in men age 40 years or older prior to and following the release of the USPSTF statement on prostate cancer screening. Results: In 2010, there were an estimated 2.0 million PSA tests ordered in men 75 years of age and older. In this group, PSA testing rates did not decline between 2005 and 2010 (40.4% vs. 40.6%). In 2010, PSA testing was more common in men aged 75 years and older than in men aged 40 to 49 (9.2%) and 50 to 59 (26.2%) (p < 0.01 between groups). In both 2005 and 2010, PSA testing rates were lowest in men aged 40-49 and highest in men aged 60-74. Conclusions: Despite the USPSTF recommendation against prostate cancer screening in men age 75 or older, there was no decrease in PSA testing rates in these men. A significant proportion of elderly men continue to receive PSA screening despite a very low likelihood of benefit. [Table: see text]
Intracranial contrast enhancement was misdiagnosed as cerebral hemorrhage after cerebral arterial thrombolysis and literature review (2014)

Objective
To study the causes of high density focus in brain after intracranial arterial thrombolysis, and improve the identification of the intracranial contrast enhancement, cerebral hemorrhage conversion and reduce misdiagnosis.


Methods
The CT scan in carotid artery stenting of the patient artery stenting who with severe stenosis of internal carotid artery was retrospective analysis.


Results
Anterior and middle cerebral artery occlusion were found in the surgery.CT scan showed high density focus in left basal ganglia after arterial thrombolysis, and dynamic CT scan of brain was given after 72 hours.The intracranial high density lesions disappeared after 72 hours.And after the surgery cerebral hemorrhage was excluded and the contrast enhancement was considered.


Conclusions
The intracranial contrast enhancementartery in patients with cerebral infarction can be found frequently, and confused with cerebral hemorrhage.We should improve the understanding and give patients active treatment.


Key words: 
Thrombolytic therapy; Cerebral hemorrhage; Contrast media
Case‐control study of late onset “probable Alzheimer's disease” (1987)

A case-control study was conducted on 64 cases of "probable Alzheimer's disease" with late onset of illness (after age 70 years) and 64 controls matched by age (+/- 3 years), race, and sex. Information was obtained on birth order, lifetime medical and surgical history, personal characteristics, exposure to toxins and animals, and a family history of various illnesses. None of the variables studied, including family history of dementia, reached statistical significance. An antecedent history of head trauma with loss of consciousness, though not statistically significant, was more frequently found in cases than in controls.
Mast Cells Cause Apoptosis of Cardiomyocytes and Proliferation of Other Intramyocardial Cells In Vitro (1999)

Mast cells cause apoptosis of cardiomyocytes and proliferation of other intramyocardial cells via the activity of RMCP 1. Our results suggest that mast cell chymase may play a role in the progression of heart failure, because loss of cardiomyocytes and proliferation of nonmyocardial cells exaggerate its pathophysiology.
Regulation of T cell proliferation by cloned interferon-alpha mediated by Leu-11b-positive cells. (1985)

The autologous T lymphocyte proliferative response (AMLR) induced by a B lymphocyte-enriched non-T, nonadherent cell population (NT, NAC) and by a macrophage-enriched population were both suppressed by the addition of a cloned interferon-alpha (IFN-alpha Con1) directly to the cultures. Preincubation of the stimulating NT, NAC with IFN-alpha Con1 resulted in comparable suppression. In contrast, preincubation of the macrophages with IFN-alpha Con1 resulted in significant augmentation of T cell proliferation. Depletion of Leu-11b-positive cells from the NT, NAC exposed to IFN-alpha Con1 restored the autologous T cell response. Addition of IFN-alpha Con1 activated Leu-11b-positive cells, isolated from the NT, NAC population, was suppressive of the AMLR. Although NK cytotoxicity was irradiation sensitive, suppression of the AMLR by IFN-alpha Con1-activated NT, NAC was resistant, suggesting that different subsets of cells or mechanisms by the same cells may have been responsible. These observations may offer insights into the potential role of cells with the NK phenotype, Leu-11b, and IFN in contributing to immuno-regulatory changes observed in clinical states associated with elevated concentrations of IFN.