gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Principles and applications of the Laplacian electrocardiogram (1997)

The Laplacian ECG provides enhanced lateral spatial resolution in relating the body surface ECG recordings to the underlying myocardial electrical sources. This article reviews recent research activities associated with theoretical and experimental investigations of Laplacian ECGs. The emphasis is put on theoretical interpretation and recording techniques of this new ECG measurement, with representative examples illustrating the potential applications of the Laplacian ECG.
Non-negative matrix and tensor factorization based classification of clinical microarray gene expression data (2010)

Non-negative information can benefit the analysis of microarray data. This paper investigates the classification performance of non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) over gene-sample data. We also extends it to higher-order version for classification of clinical time-series data represented by tensor. Experiments show that NMF and the higher-order NMF can achieve at least comparable prediction performance.
Structural origins of the exonuclease resistance of a zwitterionic RNA (1999)

Nuclease resistance and RNA affinity are key criteria in the search for optimal antisense nucleic acid modifications, but the origins of the various levels of resistance to nuclease degradation conferred by chemical modification of DNA and RNA are currently not understood. The 2'-O-aminopropyl (AP)-RNA modification displays the highest nuclease resistance among all phosphodiester-based analogues and its RNA binding affinity surpasses that of phosphorothioate DNA by 1 degrees C per modified residue. We found that oligodeoxynucleotides containing AP-RNA residues at their 3' ends competitively inhibit the degradation of single-stranded DNA by the Escherichia coli Klenow fragment (KF) 3'-5' exonuclease and snake venom phosphodiesterase. To shed light on the origins of nuclease resistance brought about by the AP modification, we determined the crystal structure of an A-form DNA duplex with AP-RNA modifications at 1.6-A resolution. In addition, the crystal structures of complexes between short DNA fragments carrying AP-RNA modifications and wild-type KF were determined at resolutions between 2.2 and 3.0 A and compared with the structure of the complex between oligo(dT) and the D355A/E357A KF mutant. The structural models suggest that interference of the positively charged 2'-O-substituent with the metal ion binding site B of the exonuclease allows AP-RNA to effectively slow down degradation.
Microbial Modulation of Host Intestinal Glycosylation Patterns (2000)

The host and its intestinal microflora function together as a complex ecologic system in which there is a significant impact of the intestinal flora on the host. The structure and functioning of the gastrointestinal tract are dependent upon the presence of the resident and transient flora. The influence of the microflora on the secretory pattern of the intestinal glycoconjugates is an emerging field of research. This review summarizes and examines the evidence that commensal intestinal bacteria can modulate the host intestinal glycosylation patterns. Changes in the glycosylation patterns might be associated with the induction and/or degradation of glycans, and are usually studied using either in vitro or in vivo models. In vitro microbial modulation of the intestinal glycosylation remains largely related to the degradation of glycoconjugates. On the other hand, most of the in vivo studies are associated with the induction of particular glycan structures. These two processes are associated but often analysed independently. Likewise, there are few studies involving the same bacterial species and for which both in vitro and in vivo approaches are used. On-going research should focus both the induction and degradation of glycoconjugates and the use of in vitro and in vivo models in a combined manner. The biological role of alteration in complex carbohydrate expression has yet to be determined. Due to their localisation at the cell surface in the gastrointestinal tract, glycans act as mediators of many host-microbial interactions, providing a wide range of binding sites for bacteria, pathogens and toxins. The knowledge of host receptors and their possible microbial modulation may lead to improved means of control and treatment of bacterial infections.
Safe and secure wireless power transfer networks: challenges and opportunities in RF-based systems (2016)

RF-based WPTNs are deployed to transfer power to embedded devices over the air via radio frequency waves. Up until now, a considerable amount of effort has been devoted by researchers to design WPTNs that maximize several objectives such as harvested power, energy outage, and charging delay. However, inherent security and safety issues are generally overlooked, and these need to be solved if WPTNs are to become widespread. This article focuses on the safety and security problems related to WPTNs and highlights their cruciality in terms of efficient and dependable operation of RF-based WPTNs. We provide an overview of new research opportunities in this emerging domain.
Subspace algorithms for the identification of multivarible dynamic errors-in-variables models (1997)

Abstract We consider the problem of identifying multivariable finite dimensional linear time-invariant systems from noisy input/output measurements. Apart from the fact that both the measured input and output are corrupted by additive white noise, the output may also be contaminated by a term which is caused by a white input process noise; furthermore, all these noise processes are allowed to be correlated with each other. We shall develop a solution to this problem in the framework of subspace identification and we shall show that our algorithms give consistent estimates when the system is operating in open- or closed-loop. Two realistic simulation studies are presented to demonstrate the practical applicability of the proposed algorithms. © 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.
Regulation of Carbohydrate Metabolism by the Farnesoid X Receptor (2004)

The farnesoid X receptor (FXR; NR1H4) is a nuclear hormone receptor that functions as the bile acid receptor. In addition to the critical role FXR plays in bile acid metabolism and transport, it regulates a variety of genes important in lipoprotein metabolism. We demonstrate that FXR also plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism via regulation of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) gene expression. Treatment of either H4IIE or MH1C1 rat hepatoma cell lines as well as primary rat or human hepatocytes with FXR agonists led to stimulation of PEPCK mRNA expression to levels comparable to those obtained with glucocorticoid receptor agonists. We examined the physiological significance of FXR agonist-induced enhancement of PEPCK expression in primary rat hepatocytes. In addition to inducing PEPCK expression in primary hepatocytes, FXR agonists stimulated glucose output to levels comparable to those observed with a glucocorticoid receptor agonist. Consistent with these observations, treatment of C57BL6 mice with GW4064 significantly increased hepatic PEPCK expression. Activation of FXR initiated a cascade involving induction of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha and TRB3 expression that is consistent with stimulation of PEPCK gene expression via interference with a pathway that may involve Akt-dependent phosphorylation of Forkhead/winged helix transcription factor (FOXO1). The FXR-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha-TRB3 pathway was conserved in rat hepatoma cell lines, mice, as well as primary human hepatocytes. Thus, in addition to its role in the regulation of lipid metabolism, FXR regulates carbohydrate metabolism.
Outsourcing The Human Resource Function: Environmental and Organizational Characteristics That Affect HR Performance (1970)

A theoretical model is presented that identifies environmental and organizationalcharacteristics that affect human resource (HR) performance in an organization.Specifically, we address the issue of when and under what circumstancesdoes HR outsourcing contribute value to the firm by attempting to identify environmentaland organizational characteristics that affect HR department performanceand how HR outsourcing mediates that relationship. We propose that suppliercompetition in the HR provider market has a direct effect on the amount of HRoutsourcing which in turn has a direct effect on HR performance. Environmentaluncertainty (primary, competitive, and supplier) is proposed to moderate the relationshipbetween amount of HR outsourcing and HR performance while assetspecificity is proposed to moderate the relationship between supplier competitionand amount of HR outsourcing. An earlier version of this paper was presented atthe Southwest Academy of Management meeting in Houston, Texas, March, 2003,and received the 2003 Irwin/McGraw-Hill Distinguished Paper Award.
Design of ultra-low-cost UHF RFID tags for supply chain applications (2004)

The availability of inexpensive CMOS technologies that perform well at microwave frequencies has created new opportunities for automated material handling within supply chain management (SCM) that in hindsight, be viewed as revolutionary. This article outlines the system architecture and circuit design considerations that influence the development of radio frequency identification (RFID) tags through a case study involving a high-performance implementation that achieves a throughput of nearly 800 tags/s at a range greater than 10 m. The impact of a novel circuit design approach ideally suited to the power and die area challenges is also discussed. Insights gleaned from first-generation efforts are reviewed as an object lesson in how to make RFID technology for SCM, at a cost measured in pennies per tag, reach its full potential through a generation 2 standard.
Survival from early, intermediate, and late stages of HIV infection. (1996)

Survival of AIDS-free HIV-1-infected individuals with CD4 cell counts of less than 0.350 x 10(9)/L has improved since antiretroviral and HIV prophylactic treatments have become available, but the long-term prognosis remains poor.
The regulation of interleukin‐6 implicates skeletal muscle as an integrative stress sensor and endocrine organ (2012)

Skeletal muscle has been identified as an endocrine organ owing to its capacity to produce and secrete a variety of cytokines (myokines) and other proteins. To date, myokines have primarily been studied in response to exercise or metabolic challenges; however, numerous observations suggest that skeletal muscle may also release myokines in response to certain categories of internal or external stress exposure. Internal stress signals include oxidative or nitrosative stress, damaged or unfolded proteins, hyperthermia or energy imbalance. External stress signals, which act as indicators of organismal stress or injury in other cells, employ mediators such as catecholamines, endotoxin, alarmins, ATP and pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumour necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β. External stress signals generally induce cellular responses through membrane receptor systems. In this review, we focus on the regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) as a prototypical stress response myokine and highlight evidence that IL-6 gene regulation in muscle is inherently organized to respond to a wide variety of internal and external stressors. Given that IL-6 can initiate protective, anti-inflammatory or restorative processes throughout the organism during life-threatening conditions, we present the argument that skeletal muscle has a physiological function as a sensor and responder to stress. Furthermore, we hypothesize that it may comprise a fundamental component of the organism's acute stress response.
A p70 killer cell inhibitory receptor specific for several HLA-B allotypes discriminates among peptides bound to HLA-B*2705. (1996)

Natural killer (NK) cells express a repertoire of killer cell inhibitory receptors (KIR) for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. KIR specificity for MHC class I can be broad, as in the case of a single p70 KIR that can recognize several HLA-B allotypes, including HLA-B*2705. On the other hand, recognition of MHC class I can also be highly specific, as in the case of NK clones that recognize HLA-B*2705 in a peptide-specific manner. Most NK cells express multiple KIR sequences. To determine whether the broad and specific types of HLA-B recognition by NK cells reflect the use of different receptors or a property of a single KIR we analyzed the recognition of HLA-B*2705 by the p70 KIR-11, known to recognize several HLA-B allotypes. Vaccinia virus-mediated expression of KIR-11 in NK clones resulted in inhibition by HLA-B*2705 molecules on wild type but not on target cells deficient in the transporter for antigen presentation (TAP). Two peptides (FRYNGLIHR and RRSKEITVR) loaded onto HLA-B*2705 molecules on TAP-deficient cells provided protection from lysis by NK cells expressing KIR-11 but three other B27-specific peptides did not. As the five peptides bound to HLA-B*2705 with similar stability, these data demonstrate that a single KIR specific for several HLA-B allotypes recognizes a subset of peptides bound to HLA-B*2705.
IMPACT&#8212;A point-defect-based two-dimensional process simulator: Modeling the lateral oxidation-enhanced diffusion of dopants in silicon (1986)

This paper presents a point-defect-based two-dimensional process simulator, the Isen modeling package for integrated circuits technology (IMPACT). IMPACT simulates both dopant and interstitial redistribution during the usual IC fabrication steps. Based upon Hu's model, a study has been made on the interstitial kinetics, and 2D oxidation-enhanced diffusion has been investigated. A complete set of model parameters is given for dry oxidation in silicon. A good agreement is obtained for a wide range of experiments: time-dependent excess self-interstitial concentration deduced from stacking fault length measurements; 1D and 2D oxidation enhanced diffusion, and diffusivity enhancement due to backside oxidations.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of High‐Tc Superconductor Wires for Magnet Applications (1991)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Scalable Kernel Methods via Doubly Stochastic Gradients (2018)

The general perception is that kernel methods are not scalable, so neural nets become the choice for large-scale nonlinear learning problems. Have we tried hard enough for kernel methods? In this paper, we propose an approach that scales up kernel methods using a novel concept called doubly stochastic functional gradients''. Based on the fact that many kernel methods can be expressed as convex optimization problems, our approach solves the optimization problems by making two unbiased stochastic approximations to the functional gradient---one using random training points and another using random features associated with the kernel---and performing descent steps with this noisy functional gradient. Our algorithm is simple, need no commit to a preset number of random features, and allows the flexibility of the function class to grow as we see more incoming data in the streaming setting. We demonstrate that a function learned by this procedure after t iterations converges to the optimal function in the reproducing kernel Hilbert space in rate O(1/t), and achieves a generalization bound of O(1/\sqrt{t}). Our approach can readily scale kernel methods up to the regimes which are dominated by neural nets. We show competitive performances of our approach as compared to neural nets in datasets such as 2.3 million energy materials from MolecularSpace, 8 million handwritten digits from MNIST, and 1 million photos from ImageNet using convolution features.
Social Security in Developing Countries: What, Why, Who, and How? (1991)

Abstract This chapter aims to help clarify some of the problems and issues raised by attempts to understand and alleviate the deprivation and fragility associated with the lives of so many people. It explains what social security means and defines the term with respect to objectives for developing countries. The chapter determines why the State should be involved in social security and investigates various general reasons for intervention that may be relevant to entities other than government. It examines arguments concerning market failure and income distribution that arise within the standard economic theory of policy and then looks more widely at questions concerning rights of individuals, at notions of State obligations, and at the concept of standard of living and the role of the State in improving it. The chapter further poses the question of who should carry responsibility for social security.
New Efficient Detector for Radiation Therapy Imaging using Gas Electron Multipliers (2006)

Currently film is being replaced by electronic detectors for portal imaging in radiation therapy. This development offers obvious advantages such as on-line quality assurance and digital images that can easily be accessed, processed and communicated. In spite of the improvements, the image quality has not been significantly enhanced, partly since the quantum efficiency compared to film is essentially the same, and the new electronic devices also suffer from sensitivity to the harsh radiation environment. In this thesis we propose a third generation electronic portal imaging device with increased quantum efficiency and potentially higher image quality. Due to the parallel readout capability it is much faster than current devices, providing at least 200 frames per second (fps), and would even allow for a quality assurance and adaptive actions after each accelerator pulse. The new detector is also sensitive over a broader range of energies (10 keV - 50 MeV) and can be used to obtain diagnostic images immediately prior to the treatment without repositioning the patient. The imaging could be in the form of portal imaging or computed tomography. The new detector is based on a sandwich design containing several layers of Gas Electron Multipliers (GEMs) in combination with, or integrated with, perforated converter plates. The charge created by the ionizing radiation is drifted to the bottom of the assembly where a tailored readout system collects and digitizes the charge. The new readout system is further designed in such a way that no sensitive electronics is placed in the radiation beam and the detector is expected to be radiation resistant since it consists mainly of kapton, copper and gas. A single GEM detector was responding linearly when tested with a 50 MV photon beam at a fluence rate of ~1010 photons mm-2 s-1 during 3-5 μs long pulses, but also with x-ray energies of 10-50 keV at a fluence rate of up to ~108 photons mm-2 s-1. The electron transmission of a 100 μm thick Cu plate with an optical transparency of ~46% was found to be ~15.4%, i.e. the effective hole transmission for the electrons was about one third of the hole area. A low effective GEM gain is enough to compensate for the losses in converters of this dimension. A prototype for the dedicated electronic readout system was designed with 50 x 100 pixels at a pitch of 1.27 mm x 1.27 mm. X-ray images were achieved with a single GEM layer and also in a double GEM setup with a converter plate interleaved. To verify the readout speed a Newton pendulum was imaged at a frame rate of 70 fps and alpha particles were imaged in 188 fps. The experimental studies indicates that the existing prototype can be developed as a competitive alternative for imaging in radiation therapy.
Structure Determination and Total Synthesis of a Novel Antibacterial Substance, AB0022A, Produced by a Cellular Slime Mold. (2000)

A novel antibacterial substance, AB0022A, was isolated from the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium purpureum K1001. It inhibited the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, and its MICs ranged from 0.39 to 50 microg/ml. Because AB0022A was a highly substituted aromatic compound, we could not determine its structure based on only its physico-chemical and spectral data. We therefore used a dehalogenated derivative from AB0022A and deduced that its structure was 1,9-dihydroxy-3,7-dimethoxy-2-hexanoyl-4,6,8-trichlorodibenzofuran . To confirm this structure, we synthesized the compound having the deduced structure. The synthetic compound was identical to naturally occurring AB0022A.
Profiles of the Round Turbulent Jet in A Cross Flow (1967)

The shape of a jet issuing normal to a uniform cross wind has been studied experimentally for a large range of jet-to-wind velocity ratios, R, and over a large distance downstream of the source. Photographs taken of an oil aerosol jet were used to determine the size and position of the jet, and mean velocity measurements were made close to the outlet. Dimensional analysis shows that for negligible viscous stresses the jet profile and cross-section size are functions only of R. A momentum flux equation combined with experimental observation leads to a single form for the profile, with all linear dimensions divided by R. Experimental measurements also show that the shape follows the same parameter, and indicate zones of the jet in which the translational and vortex motions dominate. Consequences of the form of the results are discussed.
Integrating XML Sources Into a Data Warehouse Environment (2001)

A data warehousing system is a collection of technologies and tools which enables knowledge workers to acquire, integrate and flexibly analyze information from different sources aimed at improving the knowledge assets of the enterprise. The importance of integrating XML data in data warehousing environments is becoming increasingly high as more organizations view the web as an integral part of their communication and business. In this paper we propose a semiautomatic approach for building the conceptual schema for a data mart starting from the DTDs describing the XML sources. The main issue arising is that, since XML models semi-structured data, not all the information needed for design can be safely derived. In our approach, this issue is addressed by querying the source XML documents and, if necessary, by asking the designer’s help.
Correlation of High-Resolution Ultrasonographic Findings With the Clinical Symptoms and Electrodiagnostic Data in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome (2004)

There are several different imaging methods that are helpful in the diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome, including traditional radiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). CT and MRI offer the advantage of providing direct visualization of the structural abnormality of the carpal tunnel and median nerve, but both of these modalities are expensive and time-consuming. Recently, high-resolution ultrasonography has been reported to be effective in the study of the musculoskeletal system. The authors designed a case-control study to assess the diagnostic value of high-resolution ultrasonography. Forty-eight patients, for a total of 96 hands, whose diagnosis was confirmed by self-administered questionnaire and electrodiagnostic tests, underwent high-resolution ultrasonographic studies. The authors compared the sonographic findings with the electromyographic data and the patients' severity scores on the self-questionnaires. Proximal swelling of the median nerve at the entrance to the carpal tunnel was found to correlate with the nerve conduction data. Also, compression of the median nerve under the transverse carpal ligament was found to correlate with the subjective symptoms. Although ultrasonography is not an ideal method of diagnosis for carpal tunnel syndrome, it may be helpful for estimating the symptom severity and nerve conduction deficit.