gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inducers of interferon and host resistance, V. In vitro studies. (1968)

Previous reports1-6 from this laboratory recorded that double-stranded ribonucleic acid molecules from numerous sources are efficient inducers of interferon and of resistance to viral infection in vivo and in vitro.The present report describes the induction of resistance against several viruses in a variety of cell cultures by the complex of polyriboinosinic and polyribocytidylic acids (rI: rC) and presents evidence to associate such resistance with interferon induction.The inactivity of the individual homopolymers, rI and rC, is reaffirmed, and interferon induction by rI: rC in vitro is shown to be inhibited by exposure of cells to actino- mycin D.Materials and Methods.-(I)Polyrzboinosinic acid (rI) and polyribocytidylic acid (rC) were purchased from Miles Laboratories, Elkhart, Indiana.The rI:rC complex was prepared by mixing rI and rC in equimolar concentration in phosphate-buffered saline (0.006 M sodium phosphate 0.15 M NaCl pH 7.0).( 2) Cell cultures: The various pri- mary, cell strain, and line cell cultures listed in Table 1 were prepared and maintained by ordinary procedures.The RK13 culture is a stable line of rabbit kidney cells, and the WI-38 and HFL cultures are diploid cell strains of human embryonic lung.The RK13
Radar: The Cassini Titan Radar Mapper (2005)

The Cassini RADAR instrument is a multimode 13.8 GHz multiple-beam sensor that can operate as a synthetic-aperture radar (SAR) imager, altimeter, scatterometer, and radiometer. The principal objective of the RADAR is to map the surface of Titan. This will be done in the imaging, scatterometer, and radiometer modes. The RADAR altimeter data will provide information on relative elevations in selected areas. Surfaces of the Saturn’s icy satellites will be explored utilizing the RADAR radiometer and scatterometer modes. Saturn’s atmosphere and rings will be probed in the radiometer mode only. The instrument is a joint development by JPL/NASA and ASI. The RADAR design features significant autonomy and data compression capabilities. It is expected that the instrument will detect surfaces with backscatter coefficient as low as −40 dB.
Intercellular spread of GFP-VP22 (1999)

Our study indicates that the VP22-chimeric protein transfer in its present form is suboptimal in terms of protein function. However, after fixation, the GFP signal in 100% of cells in a monolayer can be detected even at moderate transfection efficiency.
A region of interest extraction for color image based on bottom-up saliency map (2010)

Rapid increase of the amount of image data necessitates the development of efficient tools for representing visual input. In this paper, we present an approach for automatically extracting the ROI (region of interest) and that can find objects using visual attention technique. Multiple image features such as intensity, color and orientation in multiple scales are extracted to get some feature maps. Using visual attention model to locate salient points, in which the winner point, the most salient point, is selected as candidate area for extracted ROIS. ROIs are obtained by combining salient regions in bottom-up saliency map. The experimental results obtained with the proposed method have demonstrated that the proposed method is effective in auto-extracting ROIs and performs well for different objects.
Hierarchical approach to enhanced active shape model for color video tracking (2003)

Tracking and recognizing non-rigid objects in video image sequences are complex tasks of increasing importance to many applications. In this paper, we present a hierarchical realization of an enhanced active shape model for color video tracking and we study the performance of hierarchical and non-hierarchical implementations in the RGB, YUV, and HSI color spaces.
[The effect of cortisone on the course of respiratory and clinical parameters in ventilator patients with imminent ARDS]. (1986)

24 subjects in an intensive care unit with indication for mechanical ventilation with PEEP and predisposition for ARDS have been investigated. All patients received 2 g prednisolone 8 times over 48 hours. In group A (14 patients) this was administered within the first 24 hours of the beginning of the ventilation, and in group B (10 patients) at a later stage in the therapy. Severity of the disease was assessed by TISS, and, in addition to respiratory parameters, coagulation, thrombocytes, blood sugar, lactate and phosphate were determined. The data were evaluated by exploratory data analysis with box plots and median values. According to TISS, the two groups are comparable (group A 31.5 points, group B 31.3 points, age in group A 50.6 years, in group B 54.0 years). FiO2 rose from 0.44 to 0.82 in group B and in group A declined from 0.83 to 0.3 during receipt of PaO2 of more than 60 torr. EIP (endinspiratory pressure) rose from 28.7 cm H2O to 33.5 cm H2O in group B and fell from 29 to 26 cm H2O in group A. Compliance in group B fell and remained constant at over 48 ml/cm H2O in group A. PTT and TZ were normal in both groups, and Quick time values lower in group A than in group B. Thrombocytes fell to 63,000 in group B and rose to 201,000 in group A. Lactate, phosphate and leukocytes were unchanged in both groups. No cases of pulmonary infection were observed in either group. Mortality was 50% in group A and 80% in group B. Critical evaluation of the data from this retrospective study suggest a more favourable course, especially of the respiratory parameters, if a high dose of corticosteroids is administered at an early stage (group A).
Bone Marrow Transplant Nephropathy: Radiation Nephritis Revisited (1995)

Late-onset renal failure occurs in up to 20% of survivors of bone marrow transplantation. Total body irradiation is a major factor in this syndrome, so-called bone marrow transplant nephropathy (BMT NP), which is defined by disproportionate anemia, hypertension, and azotemia. Previous or concurrent chemotherapy may potentiate the effect of radiation on the kidney. Kidney function may decline acutely or more gradually, with eventual long-term stabilization. Patient survival is associated with control of the blood pressure. BMT NP is a recognized complication of bone marrow transplantation, which will require ongoing attention.
Improving Performance in Neural Networks Using a Boosting Algorithm (1992)

A boosting algorithm converts a learning machine with error rate less than 50% to one with an arbitrarily low error rate. However, the algorithm discussed here depends on having a large supply of independent training samples. We show how to circumvent this problem and generate an ensemble of learning machines whose performance in optical character recognition problems is dramatically improved over that of a single network. We report the effect of boosting on four databases (all handwritten) consisting of 12,000 digits from segmented ZIP codes from the United State Postal Service (USPS) and the following from the National Institute of Standards and Testing (NIST): 220,000 digits, 45,000 upper case alphas, and 45,000 lower case alphas. We use two performance measures: the raw error rate (no rejects) and the reject rate required to achieve a 1% error rate on the patterns not rejected. Boosting improved performance in some cases by a factor of three.
Soliton logic gate using low-birefringence fiber in a nonlinear loop mirror (1995)

We demonstrate, using numerical simulations, a new all-optical logic gate that combines the mechanisms of soliton dragging and nonlinear-optical loop mirrors (NOLM’s). The design uses specially wrapped low-birefringence polarization-maintaining fiber, which we recently demonstrated in the NOLM configuration. Combining the soliton dragging and NOLM effects increases the timing window of the gate, and using the low-birefringence fiber minimizes the number of cross splices required. For example, we show that by using only one cross splice we can achieve a switching energy of 5.3 pJ and a total timing window of 3.3 pulse widths. We also present a set of design rules for our low-birefringence NOLM.
A Fluorescence-Based Assay for Monoacylglycerol Lipase Compatible with Inhibitor Screening (2008)

A novel fluorescence-based assay of monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL) activity that is simple, sensitive, and amenable to the screening of small molecule inhibitors is described. Purified recombinant human MAGL protein and 7-hydroxycoumarinyl-arachidonate (7-HCA), a fluorogenic substrate for MAGL, were employed in the assay. MAGL protein catalyzes the hydrolysis of 7-HCA to generate arachidonic acid and the highly fluorescent 7-hydroxyl coumarin (7-HC). Release of 7-HC was measured using a fluorometer. MAGL protein catalyzed the hydrolysis of 7-HCA with an apparent K(m) of 9.8 microM and V(max) of 1.7 mmol/min/mg of protein. The assay is specific for MAGL as assay buffer alone or heat-denatured MAGL protein had no significant activity against 7-HCA. Furthermore, MAGL activity was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner by the specific inhibitor URB602 as well as N-arachidonyl maleimide with 50% inhibitory concentration values of 3.1 microM and 155 nM, respectively. The assay was further optimized under different conditions, including pH range and bovine serum albumin protein and dimethyl sulfoxide concentrations. The assay was found to be reproducible, having Z' values ranging from 0.7 to 0.9, and is therefore suitable for high-throughput screening.
Thermal decomposition of 1,1-bis(methylthio)ethene, pyran-2-one Diels-Alder adducts: an unusual [1,5]-sulfenyl rearrangement (2005)

The thermal decomposition of two Diels-Alder adducts derived from pyran-2-ones and bis(methylthio)ethene has been studied. A product obtained from the thermal decomposition of one of these Diels-Alder adducts (1), derives from a [1,5]-sulfenyl shift, the first welldocumented report of such a process occurring under non-polar conditions. The rearrangement in this case probably occurs via a radical pathway. No such rearrangement was observed on decarboxylation of a Diels-Alder adduct (7) derived from a benzopyranone. This latter thermolysis required more vigorous conditions as required for the application of this class of compounds as potential anti-cancer prodrugs.
Laser-induced micromass spectrometry of bioorganic molecules and biological specimens (1981)

The application of lasers in mass-spectrometric investigations is reported. Attention is focused on the description of a commercial laser microprobe mass analyzer (LAMMA) made by Leybold-Heraeus and on some features of the application of the technique to the study of biological specimens. Methods of preparing biological specimens for analysis are described and approaches to the quantitative and qualitative explanation of the spectra are presented. Characteristic features of LAMMA spectra of biological and biomedical specimens are described. Future prospects for various applications of the LAMMA technique are assessed.
Implicit Niching in a Learning Classifier System: Nature's Way (1994)

We approach the difficult task of analyzing the complex behavior of even the simplest learning classifier system (LCS) by isolating one crucial subfunction in the LCS learning algorithm: covering through niching. The LCS must maintain a population of diverse rules that together solve a problem (e.g., classify examples). To maintain a diverse population while applying the GAs selection operator, the LCS must incorporate some kind of niching mechanism. The natural way to accomplish niching in an LCS is to force competing rules to share resources (i.e., rewards). This implicit LCS fitness sharing is similar to the explicit fitness sharing used in many niched GAs. Indeed, the LCS implicit sharing algorithm can be mapped onto explicit fitness sharing with a one-to-one correspondence between algorithm components. This mapping is important because several studies of explicit fitness sharing, and of niching in GAs generally, have produced key insights and analytical tools for understanding the interaction of the niching and selection forces. We can now bring those results to bear in understanding the fundamental type of cooperation (a.k.a. weak cooperation) that an LCS must promote.
Lactobacillus fermentum promotes adipose tissue oxidative phosphorylation to protect against diet-induced obesity (2020)

Abstract The gut microbiota has pivotal roles in metabolic homeostasis and modulation of the intestinal environment. Notably, the administration of Lactobacillus spp. ameliorates diet-induced obesity in humans and mice. However, the mechanisms through which Lactobacillus spp. control host metabolic homeostasis remain unclear. Accordingly, in this study, we evaluated the physiological roles of Lactobacillus fermentum in controlling metabolic homeostasis in diet-induced obesity. Our results demonstrated that L. fermentum- potentiated oxidative phosphorylation in adipose tissue, resulting in increased energy expenditure to protect against diet-induced obesity. Indeed, oral administration of L. fermentum LM1016 markedly ameliorated glucose clearance and fatty liver in high-fat diet-fed mice. Moreover, administration of L. fermentum LM1016 markedly decreased inflammation and increased oxidative phosphorylation in gonadal white adipose tissue, as demonstrated by transcriptome analysis. Finally, metabolome analysis showed that metabolites derived from L. fermentum LM1016-attenuated adipocyte differentiation and inflammation in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. These pronounced metabolic improvements suggested that the application of L. fermentum LM1016 could have clinical applications for the treatment of metabolic syndromes, such as diet-induced obesity.
ChemInform Abstract: THREE‐MEMBERED HETEROCYCLES. 10. PHOSPHONOHYDRAZIDIC ESTERS BY ALKOXIDE‐INDUCED REARRANGEMENT OF N‐CHLOROPHOSPHONIC DIAMIDES (1981)

Abstract Aus den Phosphorylund Phosphonyldichloriden (I) und den prim. Aminen (II) entstehen die entsprechenden Diamide (III).
Interactive Design of 3D Computer-Animated Legged Animal Motion (1987)

A visually interactive approach to the design of 3D computer-animated legged animal motion in the context of the PODA computer animation system is presented. The design process entails the interactive specification of parameters that drive a computational model for animal movement. The animator incrementally modifies a framework for establishing desired limb and body motion as well as the constraints imposed by physical dynamics (Newtonian mechanical properties) and temporal restrictions. PODA uses the desired motion and constraints specified by the animator to produce motion through an idealized model of the animal's adaptive dynamic control strategies.
Successful Radiotherapy of Tumor in Pretargeted Mice by 188Re-Radiolabeled Phosphorodiamidate Morpholino Oligomer, a Synthetic DNA Analogue (2006)

MORF pretargeting has now been shown to be a promising approach for tumor radiotherapy as well as diagnosis.
Effects of Local Immunization with Glucosyltransferase Fractions from <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> on Dental Caries in Hamsters Caused by Homologous and Heterologous Serotypes of <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (1978)

Seven serotypes of Streptococcus mutans have been identified. The biochemical, genetic, and serological characteristics of these serotypes have indicated that certain serotypes are quite similar, whereas others are quite distinct. The effect of local immunization with glucosyltransferase (GTF) enzymes from serotypes a, c, or g on infection and disease caused by homologous or heterologous cariogenic S. mutans is reported. Organisms with either similar (a and g) or different (c and g) biochemical and serological characteristics were selected for heterologous challenge. NIH white hamsters were injected four times at weekly intervals with GTF prepared by 6 M guanidine-hydrochloride elution from water-insoluble glucan of serotypes a, c, or g, which resulted in enzyme (homologous) inhibitory activity in sera and salivas. After infection of GTF-immunized and sham-immunized groups of hamsters with cariogenic S. mutans of the same serotype as the injected antigen (homologous infection) or with S. mutans of a different serotype from the injected antigen (heterologous infection), the numbers of streptomycin-labeled S. mutans, caries, and lesions were determined. Immunization with GTF preparations from each of the three serotypes resulted in statistically significant reductions in the extent of infection and disease and number of lesions caused by infections with homologous cariogenic S. mutans. Statistically significant reductions in these three parameters were also observed in groups immunized with enzyme from serotype a (strain E49) and challenged with cariogenic serotype g (strain 6715) organisms; or immunized with enzyme from serotype c (strain Ingbritt) and challenged with cariogenic serotype g (strain 6715) organisms; or immunized with enzyme from serotype g (strain 6715) and challenged with cariogenic serotype c (strain Ingbritt) organisms. These studies suggest that soluble antigen preparations containing GTF from one serotype may elicit a protective immune response against infection with cariogenic S. mutans from many or possibly all serotypes.
Colorimetric Carbonyl Sulfide (COS)/Hydrogen Sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) Donation from γ‐Ketothiocarbamate Donor Motifs (2018)

Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub> S) is a biologically active molecule that exhibits protective effects in a variety of physiological and pathological processes. Although several H<sub>2</sub> S-related biological effects have been discovered by using H<sub>2</sub> S donors, knowing how much H<sub>2</sub> S has been released from donors under different conditions remains challenging. Now, a series of γ-ketothiocarbamate (γ-KetoTCM) compounds that provide the first examples of colorimetric H<sub>2</sub> S donors and enable direct quantification of H<sub>2</sub> S release, were reported. These compounds are activated through a pH-dependent deprotonation/β-elimination sequence to release carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is quickly converted into H<sub>2</sub> S by carbonic anhydrase. The p-nitroaniline released upon donor activation provides an optical readout that correlates directly to COS/H<sub>2</sub> S release, thus enabling colorimetric measurement of H<sub>2</sub> S donation.
Gastrointestinal colonization and systemic dissemination by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in intact and immunocompromised mice (1992)

Gastrointestinal colonization and systemic dissemination by Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis were compared in intact and immunocompromised mice. Five-day-old CFW mice were inoculated by the oral-intragastric route with 1.0 x 10(7) CFU of two C. albicans and two C. tropicalis strains isolated from the blood of patients with acute leukemia and with C. albicans 4918 and its cerulenin-resistant mutant 4918-10. C. albicans and C. tropicalis spread to the lungs, liver, and kidneys within 30 min postinoculation, and organ CFU of the two species were comparable over the following 10 days. Close association of blastoconidia with the villous surface of the small intestine resulted in lysis of microvilli and then progressive invasion of villi. Blastoconidia within villi were surrounded by a conspicuous zone of clearing. Persistent colonization of the small and large intestines by C. albicans blood isolates and strains 4918 and 4918-10 was similar for 31 days after inoculation, but consistently exceeded that of C. tropicalis. In mice colonized with C. albicans, immunosuppression with cortisone acetate and cyclophosphamide on days 30 and 33 after inoculation increased stomach CFU 40- to 370-fold and intestinal CFU 30- to 80-fold. In contrast, persistent colonization by C. tropicalis was undetectable before immunosuppression and only became apparent after treatment. C. albicans disseminated more frequently and with higher organ CFU than C. tropicalis. Despite this fact, 20% of mice infected with C. tropicalis died, compared with 4% infected with C. albicans blood isolates. Indirect immunofluorescence revealed penetrative growth by Candida hyphae exclusively in the mucosa and submucosa of the stomach from immunosuppressed, persistently colonized mice. Taken together, the data indicate that C. tropicalis appears to be more virulent than C. albicans and that factors responsible for gastrointestinal colonization, systemic dissemination, and mortality in immunocompromised mice may not be identical.
Dissociations Among Structural-Perceptual, Lexical-Semantic, and Event-Fact Memory Systems in Alzheimer, Amnesic, and Normal Subjects (1994)

Patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), patients with global amnesia (AMN), and normal control (NC) subjects received tests of recall and recognition, word-completion priming, and incomplete-picture priming. The AD and AMN patients had impaired recall and recognition. The AD patients, but not the AMN patients, had impaired word-completion priming. In contrast, the AD patients had intact incomplete-picture priming, a form of priming shown to be perceptual in normal subjects. These results provide neuropsychological evidence for a dissociation between two components of repetition priming, perceptual priming as measured with identification tasks and nonperceptual priming as measured with generation tasks. Preserved perceptual priming in AD may be mediated by the occipital regions that are relatively spared in AD; compromised nonperceptual priming may be mediated by temporal regions that show dense neuropathological changes early in AD.
Density functional calculations with simulated annealing – clusters and amorphous materials (1991)

The calculation of the structure of any material requires a method that (a) determines the total energy of the system of electrons and ions as a function of geometry and (b) avoids local minima in the energy surface that are energetically unfavourable. We review the problems inherent in such a strategy. The combination of the density functional (DF) formalism with finite-temperature molecular dynamics (MD) techniques provides a scheme that addresses both problems. We demonstrate its value in two areas: (1) Structures of small clusters of phosphorus, (2) The structures of liquid and amorphous selenium and of amorphous phosphorus.
Integrated laser with low-loss high-index-contrast waveguides for OEICs (2005)

Photonic integrated circuits require the ability to integrate both lasers and waveguides with low absorption and coupling loss. This technology is being developed at LLNL for digital logic gates for optical key generation circuits to facilitate secure communications. Here, we demonstrate an approach of integrating InGaAs DQW edge emitting lasers (EEL) with electron beam evaporated dielectric waveguides. The EELs are defined by electron cyclotron resonance etching (ECR). This approach results in highly anisotropic etched mirrors with smooth etched features (sidewall rms roughness = 28 Å, surface rms roughness = 10 Å). The mirror is etched to form both the laser cavity and define the waveguide mesa, which accommodates a dielectric stack, where the core is aligned with the active region of the laser to achieve maximum vertical mode overlapping. The waveguides are based on SiO<sub>2</sub>/Ta<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>/SiO<sub>2</sub> which yields a high index contrast of 0.6, resulting in low loss guides (~2-3dB/cm). The design of the interface has taken into account the waveguide transmission loss, air gap spacing and tilt between the laser and waveguide. The critical feature for this deposition technique is its required high directionality or minimal sidewall deposition and corner effects. In the butt coupled EEL/waveguide system we have measured a slope efficiency to be as high as 0.45 W/A. We have in conclusion demonstrated a technology that allows direct coupling of a dielectric optical interconnect to a semiconductor laser monolithically fabricated on the semiconductor substrate.