gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Involvement of trypsin-like activity in binding of mouse spermatozoa to zonae pellucidae. (1981)

Work from a number of laboratories has shown that fertilization is blocked in the presence of protease inhibitors, although the specific site of inhibition has not been identified. The present experiments were designed to discriminate between sperm binding to zonae pellucidae as opposed to sperm penetration through zonae, so as to assess the effect of protease inhibitors on these two distinct events. Exposure of capacitated mouse spermatozoa to a variety of protease inhibitors directed against trypsin blocked sperm binding to zonae in a concentration-dependent manner. A chymotrypsin-directed inhibitor was not capable of blocking sperm binding to zonae. The trypsin inhibitors did not affect sperm penetration though zonae nor gamete membrane fusion if the sperm had established a firm association with the zona surface before addition of the inhibitors. Previous incubation of zona-intact eggs with the inhibitors did not lead to a reduction in sperm binding, indicating that the activity affected by the inhibitors is borne by spermatozoa. Interaction between spermatozoa and the zona surface appeared to be the specific locus of inhibition; sperm binding to zona-free eggs (i.e., binding to the egg plasma membrane) was unaltered by the trypsin inhibitors. These results suggest a reevaluation of the function of proteases in fertilization focusing on their role in initial sperm contact with the zona pellucida.
Development of programmable architecture for base-band processing (2002)

Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) are the most flexible solutions for reconfigurable platforms. However, they do not always deliver the required performance, e.g. in base-band processing, where the trend is to use DSP processors for flexibility and very specialised ASICs for performance. We propose a reconfigurable architecture based on parameterised functional blocks that correspond to core functionality of the base-band systems. This architecture completes with DSPs and ASICs both in flexibility and performance. Our methodology starts with a systematic analysis of various base-bands standards. We derived functional specification of the required blocks and identified the data flows to be reflected in the interconnect fabric. The parameterised blocks are of higher complexity and performance than the cells in FPGAs. Based on our analysis, we can take advantage of the sequential data flow in the base-band applications and provide dedicated circuitry to support signal multiplexing between blocks to fully utilise the bandwidth on the data path, conserve chip area and simplify inter-chip connections with route-through resources.
Post polymerization strength values of an argon laser cured resin (1991)

A hybrid composite resin, Prisma APH, and a microfilled composite resin, Silux Plus, were compared regarding diametral tensile strength values following conventional visible light polymerization and argon lasing. The time interval between resin polymerization and physical property testing ranged from 1 hour to 20 days. Results demonstrated considerable mean tensile strength value variation in the earlier phases of the study with a lessening of the differences between the tensile strengths achieved by each method of polymerization as the 20 day interval was approached. It was concluded that composite resin testing protocols should be lengthened to be able to fully assess the effects of the widely variant, time dependent mean test results.
Kynurenine pathway metabolomics predicts and provides mechanistic insight into multiple sclerosis progression (2017)

Activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) of tryptophan metabolism results from chronic inflammation and is known to exacerbate progression of neurodegenerative disease. To gain insights into the links between inflammation, the KP and multiple sclerosis (MS) pathogenesis, we investigated the KP metabolomics profile of MS patients. Most significantly, we found aberrant levels of two key KP metabolites, kynurenic acid (KA) and quinolinic acid (QA). The balance between these metabolites is important as it determines overall excitotoxic activity at the N-methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) receptor. We also identified that serum KP metabolic signatures in patients can discriminate clinical MS subtypes with high sensitivity and specificity. A C5.0 Decision Tree classification model discriminated the clinical subtypes of MS with a sensitivity of 91%. After validation in another independent cohort, sensitivity was maintained at 85%. Collectively, our studies suggest that abnormalities in the KP may be associated with the switch from early-mild stage MS to debilitating progressive forms of MS and that analysis of KP metabolites in MS patient serum may have application as MS disease biomarkers.
Vitamin C prevents zidovudine-induced NAD(P)H oxidase activation and hypertension in the rat (2006)

Chronic AZT administration increases blood pressure and promotes cardiovascular damage through a NAD(P)H oxidase-dependent mechanism that involves PKC delta. Vitamin C antagonizes these adverse effects of AZT in the cardiovascular system.
Introduction (2005)

Abstract Remedies are fundamental to private law. Every person who turns to the courts for assistance in a civil dispute seeks a legal remedy. But even well before situations become litigious, people retain lawyers, often at great expense, to document their dealings in such a way that, in the event that things turn sour, they will be able to obtain a legal remedy or be immune from one. However, the concept of a remedy is unstable. It comprises a number of different but insufficiently differentiated legal concepts. This book addresses three grave problems. First, the notion of a remedy lacks stability. Second, the structure or taxonomy of the law of remedies is flawed. Third, the law of remedies appears to be lost in substantive law and the law of civil procedure.
Block-based multi-period refresh for energy efficient dynamic memory (2002)

Conventional DRAMs use a single refresh period determined by the cell with the largest leakage. This approach is simple but dissipative, because it forces unnecessary refreshes for the majority of the cells with small leakage. In this paper we investigate a novel scheme that relies on multiple refresh periods and small refresh blocks to reduce DRAM dissipation by decreasing the number of cells refreshed too often. Long periods are used to accommodate cells with small leakage. In contrast to conventional row-based refresh, small refresh blocks are used to increase worst-case data retention times. Retention times are further extended by adding a swap cell to each refresh block. We give a novel polynomial-time algorithm for computing an optimal set of refresh periods for block-based multiperiod refresh. Specifically, given an integer K and a distribution of data retention times, in O(KN/sup 2/) steps our algorithm computes K refresh periods that minimize DRAM dissipation, where N is the number of refresh blocks in the memory. We describe and evaluate a possible implementation of our refresh scheme. In simulations with a 16 Mb DRAM, block-based multi-rate refresh reduces standby dissipation by a multiplicative factor of 4 with area overhead below 6%.
The ideal-column concept: applying exergy to distillation (1985)

An ideal model is described to determine minimum energy requirements and perhaps other system parameters. The concept of exergy analysis is used here to formulate an ideal model for distillation, one that will be applicable to real systems, since exergy provides a comparable base for all energy forms. The analysis is used not only for ranking various setups according to overall results, but to provide comparisons for each section of the system. The paper examines binary mixtures, and characterizes distillation.
DottedDB: Anti-Entropy without Merkle Trees, Deletes without Tombstones (2017)

To achieve high availability in the face of network partitions, many distributed databases adopt eventual consistency, allow temporary conflicts due to concurrent writes, and use some form of per-key logical clock to detect and resolve such conflicts. Furthermore, nodes synchronize periodically to ensure replica convergence in a process called anti-entropy, normally using Merkle Trees. We present the design of DottedDB, a Dynamo-like key-value store, which uses a novel node-wide logical clock framework, overcoming three fundamental limitations of the state of the art: (1) minimize the metadata per key necessary to track causality, avoiding its growth even in the face of node churn; (2) correctly and durably delete keys, with no need for tombstones; (3) offer a lightweight anti-entropy mechanism to converge replicated data, avoiding the need for Merkle Trees. We evaluate DottedDB against MerkleDB, an otherwise identical database, but using per-key logical clocks and Merkle Trees for anti-entropy, to precisely measure the impact of the novel approach. Results show that: causality metadata per object always converges rapidly to only one id-counter pair; distributed deletes are correctly achieved without global coordination and with constant metadata; divergent nodes are synchronized faster, with less memory-footprint and with less communication overhead than using Merkle Trees.
Selective Patterning of ITO on flexible PET Substrate by 1064 nm picosecond Laser (2011)

Pulsed picosecond laser ablation of indium tin oxide (ITO) coated on flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate has been investigated. Pulses with 355 nm, 532 nm and 1064 nm wavelengths are performed for comparison. Laser irradiation from the front side and the back side are analyzed. The single pulse ablation threshold is found at 0.56 J/cm2 from the study of the spot sizes varied according to pulse fluence. The overlap rate in multi pulses ablation of ITO layer is discussed during the scribing of lines. Optical microscopy, SEM, surface stylus and EDX analysis reveal that the ITO layer can be completely removed with little damage of the PET substrate using optimized parameters.
Recent experimental data may point to a greater role for osmotic pressures in the subsurface (2009)

Uncertainty about the origin of anomalous fluid pressures in certain geologic settings has caused researchers to take a second look at osmosis, or flow driven by chemical potential differences, as a pressure‐generating process in the subsurface. Interest in geological osmosis has also increased because of an in situ experiment by Neuzil (2000) suggesting that Pierre Shale could generate large osmotic pressures when highly compacted. In the last few years, additional laboratory and in situ experiments have greatly increased the number of data on osmotic properties of argillaceous formations, but they have not been systematically examined. In this paper we compile these data and explore their implications for osmotic pressure generation in subsurface systems. Rather than base our analysis on osmotic efficiencies, which depend strongly on concentration, we calculated values of a quantity we term osmotic specific surface area ( A so ) that, in principle, is a property of the porous medium only. The A so values are consistent with a surprisingly broad spectrum of osmotic behavior in argillaceous formations, and all the formations tested exhibited at least a modest ability to generate osmotic pressure. It appears possible that under appropriate conditions some formations can be highly effective osmotic membranes able to generate osmotic pressures exceeding 30 MPa (3 km of head) at porosities as high as ∼0.1 and pressures exceeding 10 MPa at porosities as high as ∼0.2. These findings are difficult to reconcile with the lack of compelling field evidence for osmotic pressures, and we propose three explanations for the disparity: (1) Our analysis is flawed and argillaceous formations are less effective osmotic membranes than it suggests; (2) the necessary subsurface conditions, significant salinity differences within intact argillaceous formations, are rare; or (3) osmotic pressures are unlikely to be detected and are not recognized when encountered. The last possibility, that osmotic pressures routinely escape detection or are attributed to other mechanisms, has important implications for understanding subsurface flow regimes.
Optimization of Flame Synthesis for Carbon Nanotubes Using Supported Catalyst (2002)

A series of rich premixed flames are used to realize a post-flame gas mixture for optimum carbon nanotube (CNT) growth using inexpensive hydrocarbon fuels. The mixture of CO, CO2, H2, and H2O is varied through use of hydrocarbon fuels with different H/C ratio in flames with different fuel/air ratios. Both SEM and HRTEM imaging are used to correlate the nanotube morphology and internal structure to the reaction gas composition. The variations observed are understood in light of the gas composition and the interaction of the reactive components with both the deposited Co catalyst particles and supporting metal substrate. Further comparisons between flames producing the same CO or H2 concentrations identify the roles of these gases in CNT synthesis. Optimal flame synthesis conditions, defined upon a H2 and CO concentration map, are gauged on the basis of CNT length, relative surface density, and level of graphitic structure.
Fiber Optic Gyro With Digital Data Processing (1984)

Fiber optic gyros make use of the Sagnac-effect for rotation rate measurement. Two counterpropagating light beams travelling through a coil with length L and diameter D experience a phase shift 2ΔΦ which is given by (1) 2ΔΦ 2LD Ω λ= wavelength c = velocity of light Ω = angular velocity This phase shift can be detected with a 'phase-nulling scheme' or by direct detection /1/. The direct detection has the advantage of an uncomplicated optical set-up (Fig. 1, /2/), but the signal detection raises some problems. By using an analogue system the linearity and the dynamic range are subject to severe limitations. To overcome these problems we use a digital signal detection scheme.
Charge Limits on Droplets during Evaporation (2005)

We have examined charge stability limits of single evaporating microdroplets that were suspended in an electrodynamic balance. A high precision light scattering technique based on optical resonances was used to determine the size and the size change of a droplet at a charge instability induced breakup. The charge level and the charge loss at the breakup were obtained from the dc voltages required to balance the droplet prior to and following the breakup. The results on droplets of diethyl phthalate (DEP), diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG), and hexadecane show that breakups due to the charge instability occur at the Rayleigh charge limit. The observed charge losses during breakups range from about 15.3% for hexadecane droplets to about 41.1% for TEG droplets. Hexadecane droplets lose about 1.5% of their mass, while DEP droplets, about 2.3%. Within the detectable limit of 0.03%, no mass losses were observed during breakups of DEG and TEG droplets. The observation of extremely low mass losses that accompany high charge losses from DEG and TEG droplets suggests that the process of breakups of DEG and TEG droplets is distinct from that of DEP and hexadecane droplets. An analysis of the results indicates that breakups of DEP and hexadecane droplets result in the formation of a few large progeny droplets, while TEG and DEG droplets produce thousands of fine progeny droplets.
Strategies for Diagnosis and Treatment of Suspected Leptospirosis: A Cost-Benefit Analysis (2010)

Clinicians should continue treating suspected cases of leptospirosis on an empirical basis. This conclusion holds true as long as policy makers are not prioritizing the reduction of use of antibiotics, in which case the use of the latex test would be the most efficient strategy.
A search for chromosome damage following exposure of Chinese hamster cells to high intensity, pulsed ultrasound (1972)

A search has been made for evidence of chromosome damage in V79–379A Chinese hamster cells following exposure for one to two hours to 1 MHz ultrasound at peak intensity 150 W cm−2, in pulses of 50μs duration at a repetition frequency of 1 kHz. In a total of 926 cells examined, chromosome aberration rate was found to be not significantly different from control values.
Preferred Orientation in Ti Films Sputter-Deposited on SiO<sub>2</sub> Glass: The Role of Water Chemisorption on the Substrate (1997)

Ti thin films have been grown on SiO 2 glass layers at 350°C by ultrahigh vacuum magnetron sputtering with a small amount of H 2 O, H 2 or O 2 gas introduction to investigate the influence of adsorption on the crystallographic orientation of the Ti films. In situ reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies showed that a water vapor introduction at the beginning of sputter deposition promotes a highly preferred (002) orientation, whereas H 2 gas or O 2 gas introduction does not affect the orientation. These results indicate that the increase of water chemisorption on the substrate by H 2 O gas introduction and reduction of the surface free energy enhance the self-assembly of the Ti atoms toward the most stable C-axis orientation.
Pixel-wise absolute phase unwrapping using geometric constraints of structured light system (2016)

This paper presents a method to unwrap phase pixel by pixel by solely using geometric constraints of the structured light system without requiring additional image acquisition or another camera. Specifically, an artificial absolute phase map, Φmin, at a given virtual depth plane z = zmin, is created from geometric constraints of the calibrated structured light system; the wrapped phase is pixel-by-pixel unwrapped by referring to Φmin. Since Φmin is defined in the projector space, the unwrapped phase obtained from this method is absolute for each pixel. Experimental results demonstrate the success of this proposed novel absolute phase unwrapping method.
A synbiotic composed of <i>Lactobacillus fermentum</i> CECT5716 and FOS prevents the development of fatty acid liver and glycemic alterations in rats fed a high fructose diet associated with changes in the microbiota (2017)

We investigated the effect of a high fructose diet (HFD) on Sprague Dawley rats and the impact of a synbiotic composed of Lactobacillus fermentum CECT5716 and fructooligosaccharides. Feeding the HFD for 5 weeks resulted in liver steatosis and insulin resistance but not obesity. These changes were associated with increased production of short-chain fatty acids and increased Bacteroidetes in feces, with an augmented Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, among other changes in the microbiota. In addition, barrier function was weakened, with increased LPS plasma levels. These data are consistent with increased fructose availability in the distal gut due to saturation of absorptive mechanisms, leading to dysbiosis, endotoxemia, hepatic steatosis, and insulin resistance. Treatment with the synbiotic prevented some of the pathological effects, so that treated rats did not develop steatosis or systemic inflammation, while dysbiosis and barrier function were greatly ameliorated. In addition, the synbiotic had hypolipidemic effects. The synbiotic composed by L. fermentum CECT5716 and fructooligosaccharides has beneficial effects in a model of metabolic syndrome induced by a HFD, suggesting it might be clinically useful in this type of condition, particularly considering that high fructose intake has been related to metabolic syndrome in humans.
Quantitative analysis of transesophageal echocardiograms for the intraoperative setting: clinical need and initial experience (2003)

Two computerized analysis systems that provide objective interpretation of transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) images are described. A semi-automated system has been used to study systolic wall thickening (SWT) as a means of assessing the effects of anesthetics on TEE. Representative data are presented, showing marked decrease in SWT as a result of halothane administration. Initial experience with this system has demonstrated persistently high interexamination variability of SWT measurements, which is largely the result of its reliance on manual, user-dependent description of the cardiac outlines. In order to correct this problem, as well as to be able to utilize the analysis process into the real-time interoperative environment, development of a more fully automated system that incorporates computed detection and estimation of cardiac boundaries has begun. The implementation of the system and the procedure it uses are described. A number of steps to improve the automated boundary detection process are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Triacylglycerol Metabolism, Function, and Accumulation in Plant Vegetative Tissues (2016)

Oils in the form of triacylglycerols are the most abundant energy-dense storage compounds in eukaryotes, and their metabolism plays a key role in cellular energy balance, lipid homeostasis, growth, and maintenance. Plants accumulate oils primarily in seeds and fruits. Plant oils are used for food and feed and, increasingly, as feedstocks for biodiesel and industrial chemicals. Although plant vegetative tissues do not accumulate significant levels of triacylglycerols, they possess a high capacity for their synthesis, storage, and metabolism. The development of plants that accumulate oil in vegetative tissues presents an opportunity for expanded production of triacylglycerols as a renewable and sustainable bioenergy source. Here, we review recent progress in the understanding of triacylglycerol synthesis, turnover, storage, and function in leaves and discuss emerging genetic engineering strategies targeted at enhancing triacylglycerol accumulation in biomass crops. Such plants could potentially be modified to produce oleochemical feedstocks or nutraceuticals.
On the paper ''A note on the convergence of Steffensen's method'' (1982)

Not available.
Prenatal diagnosis of spinal muscular atrophy in Turkish families. (2001)

Prenatal diagnosis of childhood proximal spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is carried out by the detection of homozygous deletions of survival motor neuron (SMN; exons 7 and 8) and neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein (NAIP; exons 5 and 6) genes located in 5q13 chromosomal region. In Hacettepe University, Department of Medical Biology, 203 postnatal molecular diagnoses of SMA have been carried out since October 1994 and prenatal diagnosis in subsequent pregnancies to couples who previously had an affected child became possible. Between January 1996 and December 1999 totally 41 SMA families were analyzed by detecting homozygous deletions of SMN and NAIP genes for prenatal counseling. Fetal DNAs were obtained from amniotic fluid and chorionic villus samples. 8/41 (20%) fetal samples were found to be affected and these pregnancies were terminated. It was interesting to find that 2 fetuses had only SMN deletions, however their affected siblings had both SMN and NAIP gene deletions.