gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
D 3 S: debugging deployed distributed systems (2008)

Testing large-scale distributed systems is a challenge, because some errors manifest themselves only after a distributed sequence of events that involves machine and network failures. D³S is a checker that allows developers to specify predicates on distributed properties of a deployed system, and that checks these predicates while the system is running. When D³S finds a problem it produces the sequence of state changes that led to the problem, allowing developers to quickly find the root cause. Developers write predicates in a simple and sequential programming style, while D³S checks these predicates in a distributed and parallel manner to allow checking to be scalable to large systems and fault tolerant. By using binary instrumentation, D³S works transparently with legacy systems and can change predicates to be checked at runtime. An evaluation with 5 deployed systems shows that D 3 S can detect non-trivial correctness and performance bugs at runtime and with low performance overhead (less than 8%).
Molecular characterization of idiA and adjacent genes in the cyanobacteria Synechococcus sp. strains PCC 6301 and PCC 7942 (1999)

IdiA (iron-deficiency-induced protein A) is a protein expressed at highly elevated levels in Synechococcus sp. strains PCC 6301 and PCC 7942 under Fe- or Mn-limiting growth conditions. Besides being similar to two bacterial Fe-binding proteins, SfuA and FbpA, IdiA shows similarity to two ORFs (slr0513 and sir1295) of Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803. Northern blot analysis detected one transcript of about 1300 nt in RNA extracted from Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301 and PCC 7942 grown under Fe deficiency. The intensity of this transcript was considerably reduced in Fe-sufficient culture. It could be further shown that the regulation of IdiA expression is at the transcriptional level and that transcription and translation of IdiA are closely linked. Primer extension analysis indicated a single transcriptional start site 193 nt upstream of the first presumed translational start codon. Moreover, molecular characterization of the entire 5.8 kb chromosomal HindIII DNA fragment carrying the idiA gene from Synechococcus sp. PCC 6301 led to the identification of six long ORFs in addition to idiA. The two genes adjacent to idiA, and dpsA located 2018 nt downstream of idiA, were insertionally inactivated in Synechococcus sp. PCC 7942 and the corresponding mutants were partially characterized. These experiments provide evidence that the gene products of idiB, located immediately downstream of idiA, and of dpsA are involved in the activation of IdiA expression, since the absence of each of these two gene products prevents the greatly elevated expression of IdiA under nutrient deficiency.
<i>EVI2B</i> , <i>ATP2A2</i> , <i>S100B</i> , <i>TM4SF3</i> , and <i>OLFM4</i> As Potential Prognostic Markers for Postoperative Taiwanese Colorectal Cancer Patients (2011)

Undetected micrometastasis may play a key role in the early relapse of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The aim of this study was to detect circulating tumor cells (CTCs) for predicting early relapse of CRC patients by a weighted enzymatic chip array (WEnCA) and analyze 15 candidate genes associated with CRC carcinogenesis. The genes of 105 postoperative CRC patients were analyzed by membrane array and direct sequencing. We constructed a WEnCA platform including five prognosis-related genes and analyzed the detection rate of WEnCA for CTCs in 30 clinically confirmed CRC relapse patients. Postoperative relapse was significantly correlated with gene overexpression, including EVI2B (p=0.001, OR=4.622), ATP2A2 (p=0.006, OR=4.688), S100B (p=0.001, OR=11.521), TM4SF3 (p=0.001, OR=6.756), and OLFM4 (p=0.008, OR=3.545). Using WEnCA (weighting score of each gene: 5 to EVI2B, 5 to ATP2A2, 12 to S100B, 7 to TM4SF3, and 4 to OLFM4), we could detect CTCs presenting these genotypes in relapsed CRC patients. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 94.7%, 93.5%, and 97%, respectively. The results of the present study suggest that EVI2B, ATP2A2, S100B, TM4SF3, and OLFM4 could be potential prognostic markers for CRC patients.
Functionalization of gadolinium metallofullerenes for detecting atherosclerotic plaque lesions by cardiovascular magnetic resonance (2013)

The ATCA is specifically internalized by CD36 receptors on atherosclerotic plaque providing enhanced visualization of lesions under physiological conditions. These ATCA may provide new tools for physicians to non-invasively detect atherosclerotic disease.
Synthesis and characterisation of certain biodegradable xylitol based polyesters (2016)

Bioresorbable polymeric materials are emerging biomaterials to meet the demands in the biomedical field such as tissue engineering, drug delivery and wound healing applications. In this work, we focused on the biodegradable polymers with tunable properties for biomedical application. A polyol based crosslinked polyesters were synthesized by melt polycondensation. Xylitol, Maleic acid and the dicarboxylic acid such as succinic acid/sebacic acid were used for the synthesis of polymers by catalyst free melt polycondensation method. The synthesized polymers were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (13C NMR). The thermal stability of polymers was studied by Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC).
Analysis of electroplating baths by capillary electrophoresis with high voltage contactless conductivity detection (2006)

A new design of a contactless conductivity detector for capillary electrophoresis is demonstrated for the detection of compounds of relevance in metal plating baths. Galvanic baths for the deposition of Zn, Cu, Ni and Ag were analysed. The compounds related to the zinc plating system contained Zn2+, Na+, Mg2+ and NH4+, the copper plating system CuEDTA2−, SO42−, oxalate−, EDTA2− and glyoxylate, the nickel plating system Ni2+, Co2+ and NH4+ and the silver plating system included AgCN−, NO3− and CN−. Concurrent determinations of the compounds could be carried out in less than 10 min.
Desalting Crude Oils (1938)

The treatment of emulsified crude oils has been a problem for years in thepetroleum industry. Until comparatively recently various methods of settlingwith and without chemicals have been used with indifferent success. Since wellshave been acidized, emulsified crudes have been produced, which addconsiderably to the need for improved methods of treatment. The presence oflarge quantities of salts in the oils from acidized wells has presented severalnew problems to the industry. The use of hydrochloric acid in well treatmentshas caused the formation of sodium, magnesium, and calcium chlorides byinteraction with the dolomitic limestones. These salts dissolve readily in thewater normally present in the oil, and they. are therefore incorporated in theemulsified oil. The crystalline salts have also been found in the oil, prevented from settling by protective films such as asphalt, resins andpetrolatum. In some instances, free hydrochloric acid has been found. The saltsmay be present in crude oil in amounts ranging from a few pounds to over 1000lb. per 1000 bbl. of oil. The transportation of these crude oils through pipe lines has led to erosiveand corrosive effects, which are a tremendous cost to the petroleum industry. During 1937, more than 1,200,000,000 bbl. of crude oil was transported throughpipe lines. Of this quantity approximately 10,000,000 bbl. was water, andconsiderably more than 50,000,000 lb. was salts. If the crude oils were treatedat the producing wells to remove the salts and water, an appreciable savingwould be possible. The treatment would not be difficult, since it has beenfound that these oils are more easily treated at the time they are producedthan after the aging and more stable emulsification that occur before theyreach the refinery. Since great costs are involved in the use of.these saltycrudes at the refinery, treated oils essentially free of salts would naturallycommand a premium. The real added costs lie in refining salt-containing crude oils. Severecorrosion of refinery equipment in both topping and cracking installations hasappeared in many refineries. T.P. 915
Alkaline phosphatase isoenzymes in the plasma of preterm and term infants: serial measurements and clinical correlations. (1987)

Serial measurements of the bone and fetal intestinal isoenzymes of alkaline phosphatase (EC 3.1.3.1) in the plasma of 43 term and 43 preterm infants, from birth to six weeks later, indicate that the bone isoenzyme gradually increases over this period in both preterm and term infants fed with unsupplemented commercial formulas. Preterm babies given formula supplemented with calcium (with or without additional phosphate) had significantly lower bone isoenzyme activities for most of the study period. The concentrations of fetal intestinal isoenzyme increased, under the stimulation of milk feeding, from generally undetectable at birth to a peak during the first two weeks postpartum, and then declined. This increase was highly significantly negatively correlated with gestational age, the preterm infants having a much higher and more prolonged increase in this isoenzyme than did term infants. Unlike the adult isoenzyme, fetal intestinal alkaline phosphatase in plasma showed no relationship with blood group status.
Calculation of sensitivity penalty for opticallypreamplified burst mode receivers using Fabry-Perotfilters (1998)

The error rate perormance of an on-off keyed optically preamplified burst mode receiver using a Fabry-Perot filter is analysed including the effects of pulse distortion, ISI resulting from the filter characteristic and realistic noise statistics. The optical power penalty is 1.38 dB for a 1 bit preamble, decreasing to 0.19 dB for 10 bits.
Exposure to diagnostic radiation and risk of breast cancer among carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations: retrospective cohort study (GENE-RAD-RISK) (2012)

In this large European study among carriers of BRCA1/2 mutations, exposure to diagnostic radiation before age 30 was associated with an increased risk of breast cancer at dose levels considerably lower than those at which increases have been found in other cohorts exposed to radiation. The results of this study support the use of non-ionising radiation imaging techniques (such as magnetic resonance imaging) as the main tool for surveillance in young women with BRCA1/2 mutations.
Online access and sharing of reality-based 3d models (2014)

<p class="Abstracttext">The article presents an investigation on techniques and solutions for publishing reality-based 3D models online. The process starts from a dense point cloud and leads to a reduced textured 3D model accessible on the web with a browser. The work is divided into four phases: (i) generation of a polygon mesh model, (ii) 3D model segmentation, (iii) simplification of the polygonal model (geometry and texture) in different levels of detail (LoD) and (iv) publication on the web. The entire workflow is based on open source software. Comparisons with commercial solutions are also reported.
Ionospheric effects observed around the time of the Alaskan earthquake of March 28, 1964 (1965)

The purpose of this note is to draw attention to certain ionosperic disturbances observed near certain ionospheric disturbances observed near Boulder, Colorado, around the time of the Alaskan earthquake, which occurred at about 0335 UT, March 28, 1964. These ionospheric observation consisted of the spectral analysis of ionospherically propagated radio signals by the method of Watts and Davies [1960]. Observation were made at Boulder on frequencies of 4 and 5 Mc/s, with vertical propagation, and on 10 Mc/s from WWVH in Hawaii, about 5000 km from Boulder. The frequency versus time records are shown in Figure 1. The WWVH 10-Mc/s signal and reflected from the ionosphere by a normal refractive process, whereas, after about 0130 UT, the Boulder 5-Mc/s signal appears to have been scattered by ionospheric irregularities, as can be seen in the ionogram in Figure 2, in which the penetration frequency of the extraordinary wave is less than 5 Mc/s.
Inhibition of GSK-3 Selectively Reduces Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase Gene Expression (2001)

A major action of insulin is to regulate the transcription rate of specific genes. The expression of these genes is dramatically altered in type 2 diabetes. For example, the expression of two hepatic genes, glucose-6-phosphatase and PEPCK, is normally inhibited by insulin, but in type 2 diabetes, their expression is insensitive to insulin. An agent that mimics the effect of insulin on the expression of these genes would reduce gluconeogenesis and hepatic glucose output, even in the presence of insulin resistance. The repressive actions of insulin on these genes are dependent on phosphatidylinositol (PI) 3-kinase. However, the molecules that lie between this lipid kinase and the two gene promoters are unknown. Glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is inhibited following activation of PI 3-kinase and protein kinase B. In hepatoma cells, we find that selectively reducing GSK-3 activity strongly reduces the expression of both gluconeogenic genes. The effect is at the level of transcription and is observed with induced or basal gene expression. In addition, GSK-3 inhibition does not result in the subsequent activation of protein kinase B or inhibition of the transcription factor FKHR, which are candidate regulatory molecules for these promoters. Thus, GSK-3 activity is required for basal activity of each promoter. Inhibitors of GSK-3 should therefore reduce hepatic glucose output, as well as increase the synthesis of glycogen from L-glucose. These findings indicate that GSK-3 inhibitors may have greater therapeutic potential for lowering blood glucose levels and treating type 2 diabetes than previously realized.
New SQL standard for object-relational database applications (2004)

We examine the impact of the newest generation of structured query language (SQL), which is the standard language for relational model. The new standard of SQL4 adds powerful object-oriented data structures to object-relational database (ORDB), which is designed and implemented on relational model, to be used in diverse applications. We offer some opportunities of ORDB usage in many emerging database technologies such as statistical and scientific database, Web database, multimedia database, etc. We aim to show how standardization's impact on the model that can be useful for many real world applications.
Thermal rectification in bulk materials with asymmetric shape (2011)

We investigate thermal rectification in a bulk material with a pyramid shape to elucidate shape dependence of the thermal rectification, and find that rectifying coefficient R is 1.35 for this shape, which is smaller than R=1.43 for a rectangular shape. This result is fully duplicated by our numerical calculation based on Fourier’s law. We also apply this calculation to a given shape, and show a possible way to increase R depending on the shape.
Pd-Catalyzed Cascade Crossover Annulation of <i>o</i>-Alkynylarylhalides and Diarylacetylenes Leading to Dibenzo[<i>a</i>,<i>e</i>]pentalenes (2013)

A novel and selective Pd-catalyzed cascade crossover-annulation of o-alkynylarylhalides and diarylacetylenes for the synthesis of dibenzo[a,e]pentalenes has been reported. Various arylacetylenes with a wide range of functional groups were tolerated, producing the corresponding multisubstituted dibenzopentalenes with the different substituents on the aromatic rings in good to high yields under the optimized reaction conditions. The reaction proceeds through a Pd-catalyzed cascade carbopalladation and C-H activation. The use of the combined DBU and CsOPiv bases is crucial for the successful implementation of the present cross-annulation.
Extraordinary aluminum coordination in a novel homometallic double complex salt (2015)

We have characterized a novel aluminum-based homometallic double complex salt, incorporating discrete octa-coordinated cationic [Al(G3)2](3+) and hexa-coordinated anionic [Al(TfO)4(OH)2](3-) complexes (G3 = triglyme, TfO = trifluoromethanesulfonate). X-ray crystallography, Raman spectra, and DFT calculations demonstrate extraordinary weak Al(3+) coordination in [Al(G3)2](3+).
Generation of Independent Bright Zones for a Two-Channel Private Audio System (2010)

A private audio system is investigated. This system allows a user to enjoy two-channel sound in privacy without headphones. Most commercial audio sounds provide two-channel audio signals recorded via binaural or stereo recording techniques. Therefore it is useful to generate, separately, acoustically bright zones, which are fed by each of the two-channel audio signals, and simultaneously, acoustically dark zones elsewhere. The authors create independent bright zones in the vicinity of a user's ears, together with dark zones in the side regions of the user, practically realizable via acoustic contrast control. A method to make a two-channel private audio system possible, using a linear loudspeaker array, and a means for evaluating the system performance are suggested and experimentally verified.
A new solution for an old problem: the regiochemical distribution of the acyl chains in galactolipids can be established by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (2003)

Electrospray ionization-quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometry (ESI-QITMS), either in positive- or in negative-ion mode, has been used to establish the chemical structures (chain length, degree of unsaturation, positional distribution) of the fatty acids attached to the primary (sn-1) and secondary (sn-2) hydroxyl groups of the glycerol moiety of natural monogalactosyl- (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDG), isolated from the freshwater dinoflagellate Glenodinium sanguineum and from a marine diatom belonging to the genus Chaetoceros. Fragmentation by collision-induced dissociation of a single component in MGDG and DGDG mixtures, separated by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and detected on-line by tandem positive-ion ESI-MS, leads to a clear-cut determination of the positional distribution of the sn-glycerol-bound fatty acyl chains. Reversed-phase liquid chromatography allowed a partial resolution of the component mixture before ESI-MS/MS analysis. These results were validated by comparison with ESI-MS data obtained for the sn-2 lysoglyceroglycolipids synthesized via regiospecific enzymatic hydrolysis of the corresponding diacylglycerols by Rhizopus arrhizus lipase.
Study of Fricke gel dosimeter response for different gel quality (2010)

The Fricke xylenol gel (FXG) dosimeter has been studied for application in radiotherapy because it is capable of to measure the spatial distribution of radiation doses. The dosimetry is based on the oxidation of ferrous (Fe2+) to ferric (Fe3+) ions radiation induced, related to the radiation dose. The gel material usually employed is the 300 Bloom gelatin, which is imported and very expensive in Brazil. Aiming to analyze the viability of to use a locally produced and low cost gel material, in this work the spectrophotometric responses of FXG solutions prepared using 270 Bloom gelatin commercially available and 300 Bloom gelatin imported were compared. The absorption spectra of solutions prepared with 5% by weight 270 and 300 Bloom gelatins non-irradiated and irradiated with 60Co gamma radiation in the dose range between 0.5 and 100 Gy were analysed, the dose-response curves were evaluated and the useful dose range was established. The obtained results indicate that the FXG solution prepared with 270 Bloom gelatin presents good performance, similar to that presented by the FXG solution prepared with 300 Bloom gelatin and its use can be recommended owing to the low cost and the availability in local market.
A new synthesis of imidazoles (1982)

Alkenes are converted into imidazoles through their epoxides by treatment with 2-tri-n-butylstannyltetrazoles (2), followed by dehydration with methyltriphenoxyphosphonium iodide in an improved procedure, and photolysis of the resulting vinyltetrazoles (4).
PFirewall: Semantics-Aware Customizable Data Flow Control for Home Automation Systems (2019)

Emerging Internet of Thing (IoT) platforms provide a convenient solution for integrating heterogeneous IoT devices and deploying home automation applications. However, serious privacy threats arise as device data now flow out to the IoT platforms, which may be subject to various attacks. We observe two privacy-unfriendly practices in emerging home automation systems: first, the majority of data flowed to the platform are superfluous in the sense that they do not trigger any home automation; second, home owners currently have nearly zero control over their data. We present PFirewall, a customizable data-flow control system to enhance user privacy. PFirewall analyzes the automation apps to extract their semantics, which are automatically transformed into data-minimization policies; these policies only send minimized data flows to the platform for app execution, such that the ability of attackers to infer user privacy is significantly impaired. In addition, PFirewall provides capabilities and interfaces for users to define and enforce customizable policies based on individual privacy preferences. PFirewall adopts an elegant man-in-the-middle design, transparently executing data minimization and user-defined policies to process raw data flows and mediating the processed data between IoT devices and the platform (via the hub), without requiring modifications of the platform or IoT devices. We implement PFirewall to work with two popular platforms: SmartThings and openHAB, and set up two real-world testbeds to evaluate its performance. The evaluation results show that PFirewall is very effective: it reduces IoT data sent to the platform by 97% and enforces user defined policies successfully.
Efficient Production of Offspring from Japanese Wild-Derived Strains of Mice (Mus musculus molossinus) by Improved Assisted Reproductive Technologies1 (2012)

Because the genetic diversity of the laboratory mouse (Mus musculus) is very limited, wild-derived strains from this genus could provide invaluable experimental models for studies of mouse genetics and epigenetics such as quantitative trait locus analysis. However, such strains generally show poor reproductive performance under conventional husbandry conditions, so their use for large-scale analyses has been limited. This study was undertaken to devise assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) for the efficient production of offspring in two wild-derived strains, MSM/Ms and JF1/Ms (Mus musculus molossinus). First, as females of these strains are poor responders to equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) stimulation, we examined the efficiency of superovulation by injecting anti-inhibin serum followed by human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Approximately four to six times more oocytes were ovulated than with eCG-hCG treatment in both strains, reaching ∼25-30 oocytes per female. Consequently, the procedures for in vitro fertilization using these superovulated oocytes and cryopreservation of embryos and spermatozoa could be optimized for both of the wild-derived strains. However, MSM/Ms embryos but not JF1/Ms embryos failed to develop to term after embryo transfer because of intrauterine death at mid to late gestation. We were able to overcome this obstacle by cotransfer of these embryos with those from laboratory strains combined with treatment of recipient females with an immunosuppressant (cyclosporin A). Thus, a series of ARTs essential for efficient production and preservation of the wild-derived strains were successfully devised. These technologies will facilitate systematic studies of mouse genetics and epigenetics using a wider range of genetic diversity than currently available in the genus Mus.