gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Augmented reality graphic interface for upstream dam inspection</title> (1995)

This paper presents a 3D graphic interface for the inspection of cracks along a dam. The monitoring of concrete dams is restricted by the accessibility of the various parts of the structure. Since the upstream face of a dam is not usually exposed, as in our case at Hydro- Quebec, a systematic and even ad hoc inspection become extremely complex. The piloting of a ROV (Remotely Operated Vehicle) underwater is like driving in a snowstorm. The view from the camera is similar to the visibility a driver would have in a snowstorm. Sensor fusion has to be performed by the operator since each sensor is specialized for its task. Even with a 2D positioning system or sonar scan, the approach to the inspection area is very tedious. A new 3D interface has been developed using augmented reality since the position and orientation of the vehicle are known. The point of view of the observer can easily be changed during a manipulation of the ROV. A shared memory based server can access the position data of the ROV and update the graphics in real time. The graphic environment can be used as well to drive the ROV with computer generated trajectories. A video card will be added to the Silicon Graphics workstation to display the view of the camera fixed to the ROV. This visual feedback will only be available when the ROV is close enough to the dam. The images will be calibrated since the position of the camera is known. The operator interface also includes a set of stereoscopic camera, hydrophonic (sound) feedback and imaging tools for measuring cracks.
Morbidity and mortality attributable to alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use in Canada. (1999)

Substance abuse exacts a considerable toll on Canadian society in terms of morbidity and mortality, accounting for 21% of deaths, 23% of years of potential life lost, and 8% of hospitalizations.
Solar Energy Materials (2006)

Abstract Solar energy materials have properties tailored to meet requirements set by the spectral distribution, angle of incidence, and intensity of the electromagnetic radiation prevailing in our natural surroundings. Specifically, the optimization can be performed with regard to solar irradiation, thermal emission, atmospheric absorption, visible light, and photosynthetic efficiency. Materials for thermal and electrical conversion of solar energy in manmade collectors, as well as for energy‐efficient passive design in architecture, are typical examples. This article reviews solar energy materials with emphasis on thermal applications of a variety of kinds. Electrical applications are given a more cursory exposition, the reason being that a systems perspective, rather that a materials perspective, is most fruitful in this case.
Field trials using HTS SQUID magnetometers for ground-based and airborne geophysical applications (1999)

Since December 1992, CSIRO and BHP have been field trialing rf HTS SQUID magnetometers for mineral prospecting applications. Ten field trials in widely varying environments(from -16/spl deg/C to +40/spl deg/C ambient temperatures) in mostly remote locations saw the development of a system which can be operated in many configurations including ground based and airborne Transient ElectroMagnetics (TEM). The magnetometer system has been developed to a point where, at late times in TEM applications, the SQUID system has a higher signal-to-noise level than the competing traditional coil technology. In some trials, a SQUID magnetometer detected anomalies at later times than were observed with the coil system, indicating an enhanced ability to detect highly conductive targets. This paper reviews development of our 3-axis SQUID magnetometer. SQUID systems as B field sensors have advantages over coils which are dB/dt type sensors. We will discuss the importance of these advantages for mineral prospecting in regions with a conducting soil cover or overburden typical of the Australian landscape.
Free nuclear induction (1953)

The study of nuclear magnetic resonance or nuclear induction, a recent field of research for which F. Bloch and E. M. Purcell have been awarded the Nobel Prize, has been carried out by a variety of techniques. The usual approach has been to observe the nuclear resonance of an ensemble of nuclear moments in a large static magnetic field as a function of a slow change in this field. Meanwhile, a small radio-frequency field is applied continuously to the nuclear sample in a direction perpendicular to the large field. An alternative method to this steady state or “slow passage” technique is one by which the radio-frequency energy is applied to the sample in the form of short, intense pulses, and nuclear signals are observed after the pulses are removed. The effects which result can be compared to the free vibration or “ringing” of a bell, a term often applied to the free harmonic oscillations of a shocked inductive-capacitive (LC) circuit. The circuit is first supplied with electrical energy from some source, and the supply of energy is suddenly removed. The LC circuit then remains for a time in the “excited state”, and the energy is gradually dissipated into heat, mostly in the circuit resistance. Similarly the atom or nucleus in the excited state can store energy for a time before it is completely dissipated, and in the case discussed here, the free oscillation or precession of an ensemble of nuclear spins in a large static field provides the ringing process.
Design of nanofilters for optical nanocircuits (2008)

We theoretically and numerically study the design of optical ``lumped'' nanofiltering devices in the framework of our recently proposed paradigm for optical nanocircuits. In particular, we present a design of basic filtering elements, such as low-pass, pass-band, stop-band, and high-pass lumped nanofilters, for use in optical nanocircuits together with more complex designs, such as multizero or multipole nanofilters, to work at THz, infrared, and optical frequencies. Following the nanocircuit theory, we show how it is possible to design such complex frequency responses by applying simple rules, similar to those in rf circuit design, and we compare the frequency response of these optical nanofilters with classic filters in rf circuits. These findings introduce a theoretical foundation for the fabrication of nanofilters in optical lumped nanocircuit devices.
Comparison of Brain Activation <i>via</i> Tooth Stimulation (2012)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the sensation of each tooth type at the cortical level. The tactical sensation from teeth plays an important role in controlling the masticatory system. However, the role of each tooth type has not been determined. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to detect changes in cerebral blood flow in the somatosensory cortex of 12 healthy volunteers. Painless vibrotactile stimuli were applied to 8 teeth (left maxillary and mandibular incisors, canines, 1(st) premolars, or 1(st) molars). The somatosensory cortex was activated during stimulation of all teeth. A comparison of cortical activation revealed significantly greater activation during stimulation of the maxillary and mandibular first molars. However, no significant differences were seen between any other teeth. These results indicate that the first molar is the most sensitive tooth type at the cortical level, and provide basic data on the relationship between input from individual tooth type and brain activation. These data could be useful for understanding the neural mechanisms of individual tooth types.
Purification and some Properties of a Heat Labile Serum Factor (UF); Identity with Glycine-rich ß-Glycoprotein and Properdin Factor B (1973)

Article Purification and some Properties of a Heat Labile Serum Factor (UF); Identity with Glycine-rich ß-Glycoprotein and Properdin Factor B was published on January 1, 1973 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 354, issue 1).
Extruded collagen ophthalmic sutures. A clinical survey. (1970)

During the last decade ophthalmic surgeons have shown increasing interest in absorbable sutures, though a large body of opinion still favours silk and synthetic fibres. Hitherto, prejudice against catgut centred in the uncertainty of tissue reaction, wound healing, and absorption, and physical defects such as brittleness and unsuitable needles.
Thrombin stimulates the activities of multiple previously unidentified protein kinases in platelets (1989)

We have used a renaturation method to search for previously unidentified protein kinases in human platelets. The method involves subjecting lysates to denaturing gel electrophoresis, transferring the proteins to blotting membranes, and treating the blotted proteins with guanidine. The guanidine is then removed to allow the proteins to renature, and the blots are overlaid with [gamma-32P]ATP. We have identified 14 electrophoretically distinct, serine/threonine-specific protein kinases. Eleven of the kinases clearly differ in molecular weight from all previously described platelet serine/threonine kinases. Ten of these novel kinases (PK220, PK200, PK170, PK150, PK64, PK60, PK56, PK52, PK48, and PK40) were found to possess markedly increased in vitro activity when isolated from thrombin-stimulated platelets, presumably as a result of thrombin-stimulated covalent modification. Treatment of intact platelets with the calcium ionophore ionomycin and phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also increased the in vitro activity of these kinases. The agonist-stimulated kinases could be divided into three classes: 1) one kinase whose activity was increased by in vivo phorbol ester treatment but not by ionomycin (PK150); 2) two kinases whose activity was increased by ionomycin but not phorbol ester (PK48 and PK40); 3) seven kinases whose activity was markedly increased by combinations of phorbol ester and ionomycin, but not by either agent alone (PK220, PK200, PK170, PK64, PK60, PK56, and PK52). This third mode of regulation is what would be expected of enzymes that mediate the biological effects of inositide-mobilizing stimuli.
Development of three-dimensional inductors using plastic deformation magnetic assembly (PDMA) (2003)

On-chip inductors are critical for enabling portable power-efficient wireless communication systems. Existing on-chip spiral inductors based on conventional planar integrated-circuit fabrication technology suffer from substrate loss and parasitics, and have relatively large footprints. In this paper, we discuss the development of two types of on-chip three-dimensional (3-D) inductors-a vertical spiral inductor and a solenoid inductor-by using a 3-D assembly process called plastic deformation magnetic assembly. Prototype vertical spiral inductors and solenoid inductors have been fabricated and tested. Experimental results show that the vertical spiral inductors can achieve better performance and a smaller footprint than the in-plane ones.
Mechanochemistry:  The Mechanical Activation of Covalent Bonds (2005)

Martin Beyer received his diploma in physics in 1996 and a Ph.D. in physical chemistry in 1999 from TU Munich. With a Feodor Lynen fellowship from the Alexander von Humboldt foundation, he conducted postdoctoral research at UC Berkeley. In 2003, he received the Heinz Maier Leibnitz award jointly given by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the Bundesministerium f&uuml;r Bildung und Forschung. He finished his habilitation in 2004 and obtained the venia legendi in physical chemistry from TU Munich in the same year. Martin Beyer&#39;s research focuses on gas-phase ion chemistry of molecular and metal clusters, computational chemistry, and fundamental concepts in mechanochemistry.\n\t\n\t\tHauke Clausen-Schaumann studied physics at the Technical University of Munich. In 1995, he joined the group of Prof. Hermann Gaub, for his diploma research about the adsorption of DNA to nano-structured cationic lipid membranes. In 1996, he moved to the Ludwig Maximilians University in Munich, where he started his Ph.D. research in the area of single-molecule force spectroscopy. During this time, he also served as scientific coordinator of the national competence center for nanoanalytics. In 2000, he obtained his Ph.D. from the Ludwig Maximilians University, for his work on DNA mechanics. After several years as a scientist and R&amp;D manager for private companies and public research organizations, he joined the Munich University for Applied Sciences as a Professor for nanobiotechnology, in October 2004. His research interests concern the mechanical properties of biomolecules and chemical bonds, the development of force-based biochip technologies, as well as biomembranes and single-enzyme activity.\n\n\n\t&nbsp;
Experimental Study of Cavitation in the Nozzle Hole of Diesel Injectors Using Transparent Nozzles (1995)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The flow in nozzles of different sizes is studied by using transparent nozzles of the same size as in diesel injectors and refractive index matching. In a steady flow rig, short exposure video pictures of the flow were made at injection pressures up to 100 MPa. Discharge measurements and a measurement of the flow velocity in the nozzle hole using a modified laser-two-focus-velocimeter completed the picture of the flow. Above an injection pressure threshold that depends on the nozzle geometry and chamber pressure, cavitation appears at the sharp inlet corner of the nozzle. With increasing injection pressure the cavitation reaches the nozzle exit (supercavitation). The discharge coefficient and the spray angle then level off at a value that is almost independent of any further increase of injection pressure. The measured flow velocity is close to the velocity calculated from the pressure drop assuming inviscid incompressible flow.</div>
Further study of V/sub TH/-mismatch evaluation circuit (2004)

A new test chip is developed for further studying the test circuit, with which the MOSFET threshold-voltage (VTH) mismatch can easily be evaluated and which is proposed in the previous ICMTS. The data obtained from the test circuits having different design channel width, design channel length, MOSFET number and channel conductivity show reasonable dependency of the VTH-mismatch on those parameters.
Liquid Refrigerant Injection in Scroll Compressors Operating at High Compression Ratios (1992)

Scroll compressors are seeing applications in low and medium temperature refrigeration systems as well as heat pumps.Oper.Wng at elevated compression ratios associated with these conditions can result in excessive discharge temper.trures in the singlestage scroll compressor.Injection of liquid refrigerant is an effective and praclical method of supplying cooling.A thermodynamic analysis is paired with laboratory tcisting tu detennine possible effects of liquid injection on compressor capacity, efficiency, and internal temperature.
Characterization of the novel benzisothiazole ring-cleaved products of the antipsychotic drug ziprasidone. (1997)

Characterization of two novel benzisothiazole ring cleaved metabolites of the antipsychotic drug, ziprasidone (ZIP), in rat has been described. Metabolites designated M6 and M9 were isolated from urine and bile of the rat dosed with radiolabeled ZIP and purified by reversed phase HPLC. The chemical structures of these metabolites were assigned based on tandem mass spectrometry in combination with chemical derivatization techniques. M6 and M9 were unaffected upon treatment with N-(tert-butyldimethylsilyl)-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide. Reaction of M9 with aqueous TiCl3 also did not change the HPLC retention time or the CID spectrum of metabolite M9. These data excluded the possibility that these metabolites were owing to N-oxidation and/or aromatic hydroxylation. M6 and M9 were generated only when in vitro incubations of ZIP were conducted with human liver S-9 fraction in the presence of S-adenosyl-L-methionine. Based on these data, metabolites M6 and M9 were identified as S-methyl-dihydro-ZIP and S-methyl-dihylro-ZIP-sulfoxide, respectively. The structure of M9 was unambiguously confirmed by comparing the LC/MS retention time and mass spectral data with synthetic standard. A mechanism for the formation of these metabolites from ZIP is proposed.
The influence of anatomy (normal versus scoliosis) on the free-hand placement of pedicle screws: Is misplacement more frequent in patients with anatomical deformity? (2010)

The percentage of incorrectly placed screws was similar in both groups, trauma and deformity patients. The presence of vertebral anatomical changes related to adult scoliosis was not associated with an increase in the screw-related neurological or vascular complications. [Table: see text] The definiton of the different classes of evidence is available on page 73.
Palette-based compound image compression in HEVC by exploiting non-local spatial correlation (2014)

Non-camera captured images (also known as compound image) contain a mixture of camera-captured natural images and computer-generated graphics and texts. Nowadays, there are more and more applications calling for non-camera captured image/video compression scheme. However, current video coding standards, which are designed for natural video, treat non-camera captured video less carefully. For example, the state-of-the-art video coding standard High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) may blur or even remove edges in text/graphic region. A lot of schemes are proposed to preserve direction property of texts and graphics, such as palette-based intra coding. In this paper, a novel palette coding scheme is proposed for palette-based intra coding in HEVC. The palette in a block is predicted from an adaptive palette template, which records the statistical non-local spatial correlation of an image. Every block chooses its own palette using the palette template as the prediction in a rate-distortion optimized manner. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme can achieve up to 5.2% bit-rate saving compared to the state-of-the-art palette-based coding scheme in HEVC.
Purification and Concentration of <scp>DNA</scp> from Aqueous Solutions (2002)

This unit presents basic procedures for manipulating solutions of single- or double-stranded DNA through purification and concentration steps. These techniques are useful when proteins or solute molecules need to be removed from aqueous solutions, or when DNA solutions need to be concentrated. The , using phenol extraction and ethanol (or isopropanol) precipitation, is appropriate for purification of DNA from small volumes (<0.4 ml) at concentrations lower than 1 mg/ml. Three support protocols outline methods to buffer the phenol used in extractions, concentrate DNA using butanol, and extract residual organic solvents with ether. An alternative to these methods is nucleic acid purification using glass beads and this is also presented. These protocols may also be used for purifying RNA. The final two alternate protocols are used for concentrating RNA and extracting and precipitating DNA from larger volumes and from dilute solutions, and for removing low-molecular-weight oligonucleotides and triphosphates.
Artificial higher order neural networks for computer science and engineering trends for emerging applications (2010)

"This book introduces and explains Higher Order Neural Networks (HONNs) to people working in the fields of computer science and computer engineering, and how to use HONNS in these areas" - Provided by publisher
Rapid Enantiomeric Excess and Concentration Determination Using Simple Racemic Metal Complexes (2008)

Racemic-metal complexes were used to determine identity, enantiomeric excess, and concentration of chiral diamines using metal-to-ligand charge transfer bands in circular dichroism spectroscopy. It takes under just 2 min per sample to determine [G]t and %R with tolerable errors (19% and 4%, respectively). The simplicity of the achiral receptors employed confers to this technique great potential for high-throughput screening.
ChemInform Abstract: Solvated Electrons in High‐Temperature Melts and Glasses of the Room‐Temperature Stable Electride [Ca<sub>24</sub>Al<sub>28</sub>O<sub>64</sub>] <sup>4+</sup>·4e<sup>‐</sup>. (2011)

Abstract The formation of persistent solvated electrons in both a high‐temperature melt of the title electride and its glass is demonstrated by electrical conductivity measurements, XRD, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy.
Improving the Performance of an Optimistic Concurrency Control Algorithm Through Timestamps and Versions (1987)

This correspondence describes and analyzes two schemes for improving the performance of serial validation, an optimistic concurrency control algorithm proposed by Kutng and Robinson. It is shown that timestamp-based techniques can be used to implement serial validation, yielding an equivalent algorithm with a much lower validation cost. A multiple version variant of serial validation is then presented, and simulation results indicate that multiversion serial validation has significant performance advantages over the single version algorithm.
Color‐appearance model and chromatic‐adaptation transform (1990)

Abstract A nonlinear color‐appearance model was extended to apply to white and light‐gray background. Based on this extended model, two kinds of chromatic‐adaptation transforms were derived, which correspond to lightness‐chroma match and brightness‐colorfulness match. The chromatic‐adaptation transform for lightness‐chroma match is also an extension of the transform proposed by CIE for further testing. The differences between the two transforms were confirmed by visual observations. The usefulness of a combination of a color‐appearance model and its corresponding chromatic adaptation transform is discussed. In addition, the practical importance of brightness and colorfulness is discussed.
Multilevel μTESLA (2004)

Broadcast authentication is a fundamental security service in distributed sensor networks. This paper presents the development of a scalable broadcast authentication scheme named <i>multilevel μTESLA</i> based on μTESLA, a broadcast authentication protocol whose scalability is limited by its unicast-based initial parameter distribution. Multilevel μTESLA satisfies several nice properties, including low overhead, tolerance of message loss, scalability to large networks, and resistance to replay attacks as well as denial-of-service attacks. This paper also presents the experimental results obtained through simulation, which demonstrate the performance of the proposed scheme under severe denial-of-service attacks and poor channel quality.