gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane insertion of the FYVE domain is modulated by pH (2009)

The FYVE domain associates with phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate [PtdIns(3)P] in membranes of early endosomes and penetrates bilayers. Here, we detail principles of membrane anchoring and show that the FYVE domain insertion into PtdIns(3)P-enriched membranes and membrane-mimetics is substantially increased in acidic conditions. The EEA1 FYVE domain binds to POPC/POPE/PtdIns(3)P vesicles with a Kd of 49 nM at pH 6.0, however associates approximately 24 fold weaker at pH 8.0. The decrease in the affinity is primarily due to much faster dissociation of the protein from the bilayers in basic media. Lowering the pH enhances the interaction of the Hrs, RUFY1, Vps27p and WDFY1 FYVE domains with PtdIns(3)P-containing membranes in vitro and in vivo, indicating that pH-dependency is a general function of the FYVE finger family. The PtdIns(3)P binding and membrane insertion of the FYVE domain is modulated by the two adjacent His residues of the R(R/K)HHCRXCG signature motif. Mutation of either His residue abolishes the pH-sensitivity. Both protonation of the His residues and nonspecific electrostatic contacts stabilize the FYVE domain in the lipid-bound form, promoting its penetration and increasing the membrane residence time.
Chameleon ART: a non-optimization based analog design migration framework (2006)

Presented in this paper is a tool that automatically migrates analog designs from one process to another while keeping circuit and layout topologies. A netlist migration engine recalculates the new device dimensions in the target technology followed by a layout migration engine that compacts the design according to the new process design rules. The overall framework preserves design intelligence embedded in the original IP such as symmetry, hierarchy, placement and routing. The circuit migration engine, being very fast, can retarget large analog blocks in only a few minutes while giving same or better performance of the original design. The migration of 3 different circuits is presented to validate the overall methodology. These circuits have been fabricated and measured.
Planar microwave structures for electron guiding (2011)

We present microwave electrode structures suited for guiding electrons propagating in a purely electric, alternating quadrupole field. In a first experiment using a standing wave on an electrically short structure, we previously demonstrated the general concept of electron confinement in microwave fields. Here, we discuss the extension to electrically long structures supporting travelling microwave excitations. This requires a modal decomposition of the voltage patterns on the multiconductor transmission line formed by the electrodes. We show that the use of a general five-wire structure leads to the distortion of the guiding potential upon propagation due to differing modal propagation constants. This can be avoided by implementing a coupled microstrip configuration with elevated signal electrodes. With structures like these, complex geometries connecting different beam manipulation elements can be realized, enabling new forms of electron experiments with guided matter waves.
Experimental evidence for nanoparticle deposition in continuous argon–silane plasmas: Effects of silicon nanoparticles on film properties (1996)

These last few years a great effort has been made to understand the mechanisms of powder formation in silane discharges. It is now well established that powders are negatively charged and thus confined in the plasma. Therefore, one does not expect powders to contribute to the deposition, unless the plasma is switched off. We present here experimental evidence for the deposition of nanoparticles, even in the case of a continuous discharge. Experimental conditions for nanoparticle formation while avoiding powder formation have been determined from light-scattering and transmission electron microscopy measurements. Nanoparticle deposition has been studied by in situ ellipsometry in silane–argon discharges. From a comparison of the growth kinetics and the optical properties of films obtained under continuous and modulated discharges we conclude that nanoparticle deposition can take place even when the discharge is on. The implications of these discoveries on the properties of hydrogenated amorphous silicon are discussed in the framework of previous studies where we showed that low defect density and well relaxed films are deposited under conditions where nanoparticles and powders are formed in the discharge. The improved properties in these films are attributed to the incorporation of nanoparticles.
Effects of Human Antithrombin III on Mortality and Blood Coagulation Induced in Rabbits by Endotoxin (1984)

Twenty-one rabbits were infused with 20 micrograms/kg/hr of E. coli endotoxin for 6 hr. Eight of the animals were preinjected immediately before the infusion of endotoxin, with a bolus dose of human AT III calculated to increase the antithrombin content of the plasma by about 4 units/ml. All eight animals which were preinjected with AT III survived, while 5 of the 13 control rabbits infused with endotoxin alone died. The changes in coagulation parameters from the baseline values, between the 8 control rabbits which survived and the 8 animals which were preinjected with AT III were compared. The concentration of the preinjected human AT III declined significantly faster (P: less than 0.01) than that of the native rabbit AT III. AT III prevented the decline of F.XII throughout the infusion of the endotoxin. However, the decline in F.V, fibrinogen, prothrombin and platelets was not affected (P: greater than 0.5) by the injection of AT III.
Dietary protection during radiation therapy. (1975)

Eighteen patients receiving Cobalt 60 irradiation for abdominal or pelvic malignancies were assigned at random to eat either a semi-hydrolyzed diet (Flexical: 10 g % casein hydrolsate; 14 g % triglycerides, 20% of which medium chain; 66% disaccharides) or a normal diet. There are no significant differences between these two groups with respect to age and the ratio of ideal to actual caloric intake. The patients in the control group received on the average a total of 3900 rd and those in the Flexical group 4040 rd. Generally, Flexical appeared to have a significant positive effect on body weight. In addition, radiation-induced diarrhea was not a problem in the Flexical group. In the latter group, serum proteins including immunoglobulins remained essentially unchanged during therapy while a moderate but significant fall was observed in all control patients. No significant difference between the two groups was observed with respect to peripheral blood hematocrit, red and white cell counts. However, the drop in blood lymphocytes following irradiation was significantly less in the Flexical group. The mechanisms of radioprotection are discussed. These preliminary data indicate that the nutritional and perhaps the immunological status of cancer patients receiving intensive irradiation can be maintained by dietary measures.
BinDCT and Its Efficient VLSI Architectures for Real-Time Embedded Applications (2005)

In this article, we present the BinDCT algorithm, a fast approximation of the Discrete Cosine Transform, and its efficient VLSI architectures for hardware implementations. The design objective is to meet the real-time constrain in embedded systems. Two VLSI architectures are proposed. The first architecture is targeted for low complexity applications such as videophones, digital cameras, and digital camcorders. The second architecture is designed for high perform applications, which include high definition TV and digital cinema. In order to meet the real-time constrain for these applications, we decompose the structure of the BinDCT algorithm into simple matrices and map them into multi-stage pipeline architectures. For low complexity implementation, the proposed 2-D BinDCT architecture can be realized with the cost of 10 integer adders, 80 registers and 384 bytes of embedded memory. The high performance architecture can be implemented with an extra of 30 adders. These designs can calculate real-time DCT/IDCT for video applications of CIF format at 5 MHz clock rate with 1.55 volt power supply. With its high performance and low power consumption features, BinDCT coprocessor is an excellent candidate for real-time DCT-based image and video processing applications.
Coping with inaccurate reputation sources (2005)

This research aims to develop a model of trust and reputation that will ensure good interactions amongst software agents in large scale open systems. The following are key drivers for our model: (1) agents may be self-interested and may provide false accounts of experiences with other agents if it is beneficial for them to do so; (2) agents will need to interact with other agents with which they have little or no past experience. Against this background, we have developed TRAVOS (Trust and Reputation model for Agent-based Virtual OrganisationS) which models an agent's trust in an interaction partner. Specifically, trust is calculated using probability theory taking account of past interactions between agents. When there is a lack of personal experience between agents, the model draws upon reputation information gathered from third parties. In this latter case, we pay particular attention to handling the possibility that reputation information may be inaccurate.
Active contours using a constraint-based implicit representation (2005)

We present a new constraint-based implicit active contour, which shares desirable properties of both parametric and implicit active contours. Like parametric approaches, their representation is compact and can be manipulated interactively. Like other implicit approaches, they can naturally adapt to non-simple topologies.Unlike implicit approaches using level-set methods, representation of the contour does not require a dense mesh. Instead, it is based on specified on-curve and off-curve constraints, which are interpolated using radial basis functions. These constraints are evolved according to specified forces drawn from the relevant literature of both parametric and implicit approaches.This new type of active contour is demonstrated through synthetic images, photographs, and medical images with both simple and non-simple topologies. For complex input, this approach produces results comparable to those of level set or parameterized finite-element active models, but with a compact analytic representation. As with other active contours they can also be used for tracking, especially for multiple objects that split or merge.
Binding of Colloidal MnO <sub>2</sub> by Extracellular Polysaccharides of <i>Pedomicrobium manganicum</i> (1990)

The extracellular acidic polysaccharides of the manganese-oxidizing bacterium Pedomicrobium manganicum were able to bind preformed colloidal MnO(2). The capacity of the cells to bind MnO(2) was pH dependent. Enhanced binding capacity below pH 5 suggests that ionic bonding forces are involved in the binding mechanism and that there is a charge reversal on the acidic polysaccharides between pH 5 and 4 that is due to increased protonation of carboxyl groups.
Conduction band discontinuities in Ga0.5In0.5P-Al<i>x</i>Ga0.5−<i>x</i>In0.5P heterojunctions measured by internal photoemission (1995)

The conduction band discontinuities in Ga0.5In0.5P-AlxGa0.5−xIn0.5P heterojunctions, lattice matched to GaAs and grown by molecular beam epitaxy, were measured by internal photoemission techniques at room temperature over the whole compositional range. The discontinuity is found to vary linearly in x as (0.59x)eV for x≤0.30 and as (−0.18x+0.23)eV for x≳0.30, whereas the inferred valence band discontinuity (band-gap difference minus the conduction band discontinuity) varies as (0.61x)eV. The direct–indirect gap crossover composition in AlxGa0.5−xIn0.5P is found to be close to x≊0.3.
Advancing Novel Molecular Imaging Agents from Preclinical Studies to First-in-Humans Phase I Clinical Trials in Academia—A Roadmap for Overcoming Perceived Barriers (2015)

There is a critical need to advance promising novel molecular imaging (MI) agents for cancer from preclinical studies to first-in-humans Phase I clinical trials in order to realize their full potential for cancer detection and for predicting or monitoring response to targeted ("personalized") cancer therapies. Steps to clinical translation include radiopharmaceutical formulation, preclinical pharmacology and toxicology studies, clinical trial design and human ethics approval, and regulatory agency submission. In this Topical Review, we provide a "roadmap" to advancing one class of novel MI agents to Phase I trials in academia and illustrate the processes that we have successfully applied for (111)In-labeled pertuzumab, a MI probe for monitoring response of HER2-positive breast cancer to treatment with trastuzumab (Herceptin). We hope that our experience will encourage other academic radiopharmaceutical scientists to embrace this challenge.
Exploiting internet route sharing for large scale available bandwidth estimation (2005)

Recent progress in active measurement techniques has made it possible to estimate end-to-end path available bandwidth. However, how to efficiently obtain available bandwidth information for the N2 paths in a large N-node system remains an open problem. While researchers have developed coordinate-based models that allow any node to quickly and accurately estimate latency in a scalable fashion, no such models exist for available bandwidth. In this paper we introduce BRoute--a scalable available bandwidth estimation system that is based on a route sharing model. The characteristics of BRoute are that its overhead is linear with the number of end nodes in the system, and that it requires only limited cooperation among end nodes. BRoute leverages the fact that most Internet bottlenecks are on path edges, and that edges are shared by many different paths. It uses AS-level source and sink trees to characterize and infer path-edge sharing in a scalable fashion. In this paper, we describe the BRoute architecture and evaluate the performance of its components. Initial experiments show that BRoute can infer path edges with an accuracy of over 80%. In a small case study on Planetlab, 80% of the available bandwidth estimates obtained from BRoute are accurate within 50%.
Relationships Between the Microstructure and Fracture Behavior of Rubber-Toughened Thermosetting Polymers (1989)

Thermosetting polymers may be modified by the incorporation of a second phase of dispersed rubbery particles in order to increase greatly the resistance of the material to crack initiation and growth. This chapter discusses the toughening micromechanisms that operate in such materials and the relationships between the microstructure of rubber-toughened thermosetting polymers and their fracture behavior. Finally, a model is proposed to account for the observed structure-property relationships.
THE NEW SCHOOL (2013)

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Why Stress Is Bad for Your Brain (1996)

Several recent studies of humans correlate stress with atrophy of the hippocampus, an area of the brain required for memory and cognition. In his Perspective, Sapolsky argues that the underlying causal agent may be glucocorticoids secreted in abnormally high amounts under stressful conditions.
Spike timing dependent adaptation for mismatch compensation (2006)

This paper presents some circuitry for use within a visual-processing depth-recovery algorithm based upon spike timing. The accuracy of the depth calculation relies on a prediction which, when implemented in analogue VLSI, will be degraded by transistor mismatch. An adaptive circuit based on spike timing dependent plasticity (STDP) was designed to reduce the effects of VLSI process variations on the algorithm's performance. Simulation results for the circuitry, designed using a 0.35mum process, are reported
The effect of green, black and white tea on the level of alpha and gamma tocopherols in free radical-induced oxidative damage of human red blood cells. (2007)

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of aqueous tea extracts on lipid peroxidation and alpha and gamma tocopherols concentration in the oxidative damage of human red blood cells (RBC). RBC was taken as the model for study of the oxidative damage was induced by cumene hydroperoxide (cumOOH). The antioxidative property of leaf green tea, leaf and granulate of black tea and white tea at levels 1, 2, 4 g/150 mL of water were evaluated. The correlation was observed between reducing power of tea extract and formation of malondialdehyde--MDA (an indicator of lipid peroxidation) in oxidative damage of RBC. All tea extracts at level of 4 g/150 mL of water significantly decreased concentration of MDA. The extract of green tea in comparison to black and white tea extracts at the same levels seems to be a better protective agent against oxidative stress. The antioxidant synergism between components extracted from leaves of green tea and endogenous alpha tocopherol in the oxidative damage of red blood cells was observed. The consumption of alpha tocopherol in oxidative damage of RBC was the lowest after treatment with the highest dose of green tea extract. All tea extracts did not protect against decrease of gamma tocopherol in human erythrocytes treated with cumOOH.
Eine neue Klasse von Desinfektionsmitteln (1935)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Snow Stratigraphy Measured by an Active Microwave System (1985)

Snow stratigraphy was obtained in the laboratory and field, using a FM-CW radar system having microwave frequencies ranging from 2-8 GHz and from 6-12 GHz. A multi-layered model consisting of artificial snow such as glass beads or polystyrene plastics was used in the laboratory. In the field, the thickness of an individual layer within a snowpack was determined by analyzing the profile of responses from interfaces within the snowpacks. Large anomalies of the responses which produce misleading results, were found to have been caused mainly by multi-reflection between stratified layers as well as residual mismatch reflection in the system’s components. The physical properties of a snowpack were measured by digging a snow pit. The comparison of the microwave responses in the profile with the visual stratigraphic layering of snow was made by inserting a reflection plate between individual layers within the snowpack,
Time triggered protocol-fault tolerant serial communications for real-time embedded systems (2002)

This article discusses an advanced serial communications protocol which has been developed for applications which require highly dependable, or fault-tolerant operation. A typical such application would be automotive brake-by-wire or steer-by-wire systems where the system must be 'fail-operational' as it is safety critical. 'By-wire' systems transfer electrical signals down a wire instead of using a medium such as hydraulic fluid to transfer muscular energy. A conventional Antilock Braking System (ABS) is considered 'fail-silent'; if a fault in the electronic control system is detected, the control system is switched off, leaving the manual hydraulic back-up still operational. If no such hydraulic back-up is available (as in the case of a 'by-wire' system), the system must continue to function in the event of a fault occurring. The automotive industry has identified many good reasons to develop 'by-wire' systems; reduction in parts count, removal of hydraulic system, improved maintenance, increased performance and functionality, increased passive safety by removal of mechanical linkages to passenger compartment, fuel economy, etc. Although there are several non-trivial challenges which must be overcome before 'by-wire' systems become the mainstream, there are many compelling reasons for the technology to be introduced and so it is expected that they'll be overcome relatively quickly. The Time Triggered Protocol (TTP) overcomes the challenge of fault-tolerant distributed embedded processing.
Novel therapies for immune tolerance in haemophilia A (2006)

Standard treatment for an inhibitory antibody to factor VIII (FVIII) in a patient with severe congenital haemophilia A is to attempt to induce immune tolerance with high-dose FVIII, either alone or in combination with immunosuppression. Patients in whom the inhibitor is not eradicated or who have prognostic features suggestive of a poor response may be suitable for experimental approaches to immune tolerance induction. The two options that are currently under investigation in clinical practice are anti-CD20 antibody therapy using rituximab and the use of von Willebrand factor (VWF)-containing FVIII concentrate in immune tolerance regimens. Immunomodulation with rituximab has been reported to eradicate inhibitors in some patients with severe haemophilia A who have previously failed standard immune tolerance. Similarly, some patients who have failed to be tolerized with high-purity FVIII have been successfully treated with VWF-containing concentrates. Neither of these treatment modalities is supported by controlled clinical trial data, and reported observational data require confirmation. Immunomodulation via interference with B-cell/T-cell interactions by blocking CD40/CD40 ligand or a gene therapy approach using FVIII peptides in IgG heavy chain transfected into B-cell blasts has been reported to suppress inhibitors in animal models and may lead to clinically useful therapies. Further understanding of the aetiology of inhibitor formation and how FVIII leads to tolerance in some patients with an inhibitor may suggest further approaches in the future.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Infections May Not Impede the Success of Ultrasound-Guided Drainage of Puerperal Breast Abscesses (2010)

MRSA is the most common bacteria in puerperal breast abscess in our population. When these patients are treated initially by percutaneous abscess drainage followed by repeated ultrasound-guided drainage or surgical incision and drainage, the presence of MRSA may not adversely affect treatment outcomes.
Binding Sites of Amyloid &#946;-Peptide in Cell Plasma Membrane and Implications for Alzheimers Disease (2004)

The binding of amyloid beta peptides (Abeta) to plasma membranes appears to be a promising point of intervention in the events leading to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). This binding has been studied as regards the direct toxicity of Abeta on neurons, and the activation of a local inflammation phase involving microglia. By virtue of its structure, Abeta is able to bind to a variety of biomolecules, including lipids, proteoglycans and proteins. This review focuses on the membrane proteins that can mediate the interaction between Abeta and the plasma membranes in AD. On neurons, these are APP (amyloid precursor protein), the NMDA-R (N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor), integrins, the alpha7nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (alpha7nAChR), the P75 neurotrophin receptor (P75NTR) and the CLAC-P/collagen type XXV (collagen-like Alzheimer amyloid plaque component precursor/collagen XXV). On glial cells, FPRL1 (formyl peptide receptor-like 1), the scavenger receptors A, BI (SR-A, SR-BI) and CD36, a complex involving CD36, alpha(6)beta(1)-integrin and CD47, and heparan sulfate proteoglycans have been reported to bind Abeta. It should be noted that integrins, RAGE (receptor for advanced glycosylation end-products), the Serpin-enzyme complex receptor (SEC-R) and the insulin receptor can bind Abeta and are present on neurons and on glial cells. After a presentation of the structure and the function of each of these proteins, the method used to prove their binding to Abeta is described, and the implication of this binding in AD is discussed. Finally, it is underlined that multireceptor complexes containing integrins may be involved in this interaction.