gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Regio- and Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Amination with Sodium Diformylamide (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTHighly Regio- and Enantioselective Palladium-Catalyzed Allylic Amination with Sodium DiformylamideYi Wang and Kuiling DingView Author Information Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 354 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China [email protected]Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 2001, 66, 9, 3238–3241Publication Date (Web):April 7, 2001Publication History Received2 February 2001Published online7 April 2001Published inissue 1 May 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo015553mhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo015553mbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1040Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amines,Ligands,Organic compounds,Organic reactions,Stereoselectivity Get e-Alerts
Anatomic Basis of Cleft Palate and Velopharyngeal Surgery: Implications from a Fresh Cadaveric Study (1998)

The purpose of this investigation was to apply the findings of an anatomic study of the levator veli palatini, palatopharyngeus, and superior constrictor muscles in 18 fresh cadaveric specimens of normal adults to analyze current controversies in velopharyngeal function and cleft palate surgery. The levator veli palatini was observed to form a muscular sling, suspending the velum from the cranial base. Its fibers occupied the middle 50 percent of the velum, lying in transverse orientation and without significant overlap across the midline. It is well placed to function as the prime mover in the velar component of velopharyngeal closure. The velar component of the palatopharyngeus consisted of two heads clasping the levator and inserting into the latter just short of the midline. Its pharyngeal component inserted into the superior constrictor in the lateral and posterior pharyngeal walls. Together, these two muscles formed a sphincter around the velopharyngeal port, suggesting that both muscles are involved in the pharyngeal component of velopharyngeal closure. Based on the premise that the goal of palatoplasty is to restore normal anatomy, the intravelar veloplasty has a sound basis, and theoretically improves both velar and pharyngeal wall function because it corrects the dysmorphology of both the levator and palatopharyngeus. Although the Furlow palatoplasty also reorients these velar muscles correctly in the transverse position, the resulting overlap of the levator and palatopharyngeus across the midline is morphologically abnormal. In addition, the use of large Z-plasty flaps in wide clefts may cause excessive lateral tension, increasing the risk of fistula formation and causing an impairment of velar stretch capacity. The raising of a vertical pharyngeal flap divides the fibers of the superior constrictor and has the potential to impair pharyngeal wall function. The sphincter pharyngoplasty interferes less with pharyngeal wall anatomy. The potential for an obstructive outcome seems to be related to the use of wide, long flaps and a tight, overlapping type of flap inset. In addition, the level of flap inset is important: an inset at the level of the uvula has the greatest risk of causing obstruction, whereas a higher inset at the level of attempted velopharyngeal closure seems to provide the best opportunity for achieving velopharyngeal competence while avoiding hyponasality and obstruction.
Sensory perception, neurobiology, and behavioral adaptations for predator avoidance in planktonic copepods (2011)

Copepods are important grazers on microplankton in marine food webs and are, in turn, preyed upon by a wide range of predators with diverse feeding adaptations. Although copepods have evolved numerous adaptations to help them avoid predation, their escape behavior sets them apart from many other planktonic organisms. Mechanoreception is widely used by copepods to detect hydrodynamic disturbances created by approaching predators. When these disturbances are detected, copepods respond quickly with escape jumps that can accelerate them from a stationary position to speeds of over 600 body lengths per second within a few milliseconds. Myelinated nerves may improve the escape behavior of some copepods through faster conduction of nerve impulses. The differences in response latencies between myelinate and amyelinate copepod species are greatest in larger copepod species, where nerve signals must be conducted over longer distances. Environmental variability such as turbulence may affect the ability of both prey to detect predators and predators to capture their planktonic prey. Small amounts of turbulence favor the predator, while too much turbulence reduces predation. Understanding the sensory physiology of copepods and their behavioral adaptations for avoiding predation will increase knowledge of the factors affecting the structure and function of marine pelagic food webs.
Volatile signalling by sesquiterpenes from ectomycorrhizal fungi reprogrammes root architecture (2015)

The mutualistic association of roots with ectomycorrhizal fungi promotes plant health and is a hallmark of boreal and temperate forests worldwide. In the pre-colonization phase, before direct contact, lateral root (LR) production is massively stimulated, yet little is known about the signals exchanged during this step. Here, we identify sesquiterpenes (SQTs) as biologically active agents emitted by Laccaria bicolor while interacting with Populus or Arabidopsis. We show that inhibition of fungal SQT production by lovastatin strongly reduces LR proliferation and that (-)-thujopsene, a low-abundance SQT, is sufficient to stimulate LR formation in the absence of the fungus. Further, we show that the ectomycorrhizal ascomycote, Cenococcum geophilum, which cannot synthesize SQTs, does not promote LRs. We propose that the LR-promoting SQT signal creates a win-win situation by enhancing the root surface area for plant nutrient uptake and by improving fungal access to plant-derived carbon via root exudates.
CLONING, EXPRESSION and SEQUENCE ANALYSIS OF cDNA FOR THE LUCIFERASES FROM THE JAPANESE FIREFLIES, Pyrocoelia tniyako AND Hotaria parvula (1995)

Cloning and sequence analysis of cDNA for the luciferases of Pyrocoelia miyako and Hotaria parvula were carried out (GenBank accession numbers L39928 and L39929, respectively). The amino acid sequence, deduced from the nucleotide sequence, showed P. miyako luciferase to consist of 548 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 60,955, while the luciferase of H. parvula consisted of 548 amino acid residues with a molecular weight of 60,364. Pyrocoelia miyako luciferase showed 82.1% homology with the luciferase of Photinus pyralis and less than 70% homology with other firefly luciferases, whereas H. parvula luciferase showed 98%, 82.5% and 81.2% homology with the luciferases of Luciola mingrelica, Luciola lateralis and Luciola, cruciata respectively. Two regions in the enzymes were found to be highly conserved. The amino acid sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree, which showed that the fireflies could be divided into two groups.
Electron microscopical studies of the cell population in nasal secretions. (1995)

The purpose of this study is to identify the cell types and ultrastructural changes of the cells in nasal secretions, and to understand the pathology of allergic and infectious rhinitis. Nasal secretions from 20 patients with allergic rhinitis and 15 patients with infectious rhinitis have been observed by transmission electron microscopy. The cell population of the allergic group consists of (in order of predominance): epithelial cells, eosinophils, neutrophils, lymphocytes, basophilic cells (basophil leukocytes and mast cells), and macrophages. In the infectious group the population contains: neutrophils, epithelial cells, macrophages, and lymphocytes. Marked degranulation has been observed in the granules of eosinophils in allergic nasal secretions together with granule fusion, vacuolation, and signs of phagocytosis. Increased numbers of basophil leukocytes and mast cells are also a feature of the allergic nasal secretion. Degranulation of neutrophils is markedly increased in the infectious group as compared to the allergic group. Clustered epithelial cells are observed in the allergic group more often than in the infectious group. Four types of lymphocytes with different morphological features are observed in both groups, i.e. small lymphocyte, T-lymphocyte-like cells, large granular lymphocyte-like cells, and plasma cells. The results of the present study show special ultrastructural characteristics in the cell population of allergic nasal secretions, i.e., an increase in the number of degranulated eosinophils and basophilic cells, clustered epithelial cells, and large granular lymphocytes, while an increase in degranulated neutrophils and macrophages with marked phagocytosis are characteristic for infectious nasal secretions.
Modal noise-limited signal-to-noise ratios in multimode optical fibers (1983)

The problem of signal degradation due to spatial filtration in graded-index fibers excited by single-mode lasers is considered. In particular, a computer simulation of the interfering pattern is used to predict the signal-to-noise ratios which would be measured given some degree of vignetting at the detector end of the fiber. An experiment is made and comparison with the simulation results shows acceptable agreement.
Studies on ropiness in cultures of Streptococcus Lactis (1923)

The production of a ropy condition in milk is a character occasionally shown by the organisms of the S. lactis group. 'l'his character is, however , one that is rather inconstant and its gain or loss or a variation in its extent is frequently noted in the laboratory in cultures that are very probably pure. In starters also, where the S. lactis type of organisms makes up the largest percent of the flora, the development of ropiness occasionally occurs and when ropy starters are carried thru a number of transfers this ropiness sometimes disappears. The change from ropy to non-ropy cultures of S . lactis and the reverse have recently been studied by plating out one of the types, picking colonies and looking for the other among the cultures developing; the results obtained are herein reported.
Pyridoxine and depression: neuroendocrine aspects. (1982)

Plasma prolactin levels (PRL) were determined in 5 male depressed patients and in 5 controls, after injection of TRH (200 mg i.v.) (first phase), TRH following oral L-DOPA (500 mg) given 90 minutes before (second phase), TRH plus pyridoxine (300 mg i.v.) after same pretreatment with L-Dopa (third phase). L-Dopa induced a statistically significant suppression of TRH, caused PRL release; such suppression appears to be lower when TRH plus pyridoxine were administered simultaneously. PRL profile was not significantly different in the two groups.
Predicting technical communication in product development organizations (1995)

This work explores prediction of technical communication patterns within product development organizations. Our methodology involves first predicting the patterns of communication and then measuring the actual communications to see if the anticipated linkages are realized. We applied this methodology to a commercial product development project in the electronics industry. In this case study we found that: 81% of all coordination type communication linkages were predicted in advance; occurrences of frequent communications were more accurately predicted than infrequent communications; and two-way communication exchange was most often observed, even where oneway information transfer was predicted. For the management of product development projects, these results imply that certain aspects of organizational design can be planned by anticipating the technical communication linkages required for project execution. Finally, a critical analysis of our methodology suggests improvements for future work.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High affinity p-nitrophenol oxidation by Bacillus sphaericus JS905 (1998)

Bacillus sphaericus JS905, isolated from an agricultural soil by selective enrichment, transforms p-nitrophenol (PNP) releasing only nitrite in stoichiometric amounts. The kinetics of PNP oxidation by this strain were successfully measured using an extant respirometric assay. Washed PNP-grown cells displayed very high substrate affinity (Ks) values of 0.003 and 0.023 mg PNP l−1, and low specific growth rate (μmax) values of 0.021 and 0.019 h−1 at 30 and 37°C, respectively, at initial substrate concentration of 0.70 and 1.40 mg PNP l−1. Substrate inhibition was only evident at substrate concentration of 2.80 mg PNP l−1; the measured kinetic parameters were 0.055 and 0.043 h−1. Temperature had a small impact on the measured values for μmax and Ks. Surprisingly, values for the endogenous decay coefficient (0.015 and 0.020 h−1 at 30 and 37°C, respectively) were of the same size as the specific growth rate. This indicates that net growth of B. sphaericus JS905 on PNP when used as a sole substrate is very small. As a result, the advantage of the high affinity PNP removal by this strain must probably depend on its growth on other primary substrates. The O2/PNP stoichiometry indicates the consumption of 3 mol of molecular oxygen for the oxidation of each mol of PNP.
Characterizing the Host Response to rhBMP-2 in a Rat Spinal Arthrodesis Model (2013)

Our data suggest that the in vivo host response to rhBMP-2 in an animal model may be associated with circulating proinflammatory and osteoclastic cytokines.
Silicon optical diode based on cascaded photonic crystal cavities (2014)

An all-silicon passive optical diode based on optical nonlinearity in cascaded photonic crystal (PhC) L3 cavities is proposed and demonstrated. A nonreciprocal transmission ratio (NTR) of 30.8 dB and insertion loss of 8.3 dB are realized in the device. The device has a relatively broad 17 dB operation bandwidth of 0.08 nm, and at least 16 dB of NTR is achieved when input power varies between -6.25 and -2.95 dBm. A nonlinear couple mode model for cascaded PhC cavities is established to analyze the behavior of the device, and numerical simulation results are in good agreement with the experiment results.
Effective index method for all-solid photonic bandgap fibres (2007)

An effective index method is proposed for all-solid photonic bandgap fibres, where the effective cladding index is taken to be that of the lower edge of the bandgaps. The weak-guidance approximation allows the effective indices of both the fibre cladding and the defect modes to be calculated analytically. Comparison with a vectorial plane wave method shows that good accuracy is obtained.
Nodes, Paranodes, and Incisures: From Form to Function (1999)

The exquisite molecular architecture of myelinated fibers is the basis for saltatory conduction. The nodal axolemma contains high concentrations of voltage-dependent sodium channels as well as the cell adhesion molecules neurofascin and Nr-CAM, all of which are probably linked to the axonal cytoskeleton by ankyrin. At paranodes, the axonal membrane contains paranodin/Caspr, which may be a Ca<sup>2+</sup>-dependent cell adhesion molecule with a heterophilic partner on the apposed glial cell membrane. The juxtaparanodal axonal membrane contains the potassium channels Kv1.1 and Kv1.2, as well as the associated β2 subunit, which together may function to dampen re-entrant excitation. The paranodes and incisures of the Schwann cell myelin sheath contain "reflexive" adherens junctions and gap junctions. The adherens junctions are composed of E-cadherin as well as α- and β-catenin, which together probably join the adjacent layers of noncompact myelin together. Reflexive gap junctions, comprising connexin32 and at least one other connexin protein, form a radial pathway for the diffusion of ions and small molecules directly across the myelin sheath.
Hydrolysis of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors – organophosphorus acid anhydrolase enzyme immobilization on photoluminescent porous silicon platforms (2004)

We report on the immobilization of an OPAA enzyme on luminescent porous silicon devices, and on the utilization of this new platform to hydrolyze p-nitrophenyl-soman.
[Human leukocyte elastase]. (1988)

This article reviews some properties of human leucocyte elastase. This 30 kDa glycoprotein formed of 218 amino acid residues, is a serine proteinase which cleaves proteins at Val-X, Ala-X, Leu-X or Met-X bonds. Leucocyte elastase solubilizes fibrous elastin and also degrades other extracellular matrix proteins. It hydrolyses and inactivates a number of plasma proteins. Synthetic substrates are more convenient than elastin to measure elastase activity. A large number of natural and synthetic inhibitors of leucocyte elastase have been described. The former include alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor or alpha 1-antitrypsin, inter-alpha-inhibitor, alpha 2-macroglobulin, bronchial and cervical mucous inhibitor and a number of animal and plant proteins. Numerous synthetic inhibitors with therapeutic potentials have been designed. The efficiency of an inhibitor depends, among others, upon its rate of association with the enzyme and upon the stability of the enzyme-inhibitor complex. Elastase probably plays a physiological function in neutrophil migration, phagocytosis and tissue remodeling. It apparently plays a pathological role in pulmonary emphysema, rheumatoid arthritis, infections and inflammation. The pathogenic role of leucocyte elastase is best understood in emphysema.
Recent Advances in Ocular Drug Delivery, with Special Emphasis on Lipid Based Nanocarriers (2015)

Eye is a vital sense organ of our body and any disorder can lead to serious medical implications that may put great financial burden on patient and their family. Effective drug delivery to the eye is a challenging proposition for the pharmaceutical scientist. Eye drops have been globally accepted as a formulation for anterior segment applications. On one hand it is widely used owing to its convenience but is also associated with some limitations in terms of desired pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profile, dosing frequency, systemic untoward effects, patient noncompliance, low drug bioavailability due to transient contact time, rapid washout by tearing and nasolacrimal drainage. The need to overcome these major issues related to ocular pharmacotherapy has been long recognized. Several novel nanocarriers including nanolipid based carrier systems have been widely explored and investigated for ophthalmic applications. These include solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC), liposomes, in situ gels, niosomes, mucoadhesive systems and discomes. Since lipids have similar structure to human cell lipids, their biodegradable, non-toxic and biocompatible profile are particularly useful. Additionally, they also offer protection against drug degradation, impart controlled drug release characteristics and site specific delivery. This review explores the potential feasibility of lipid component in formulation of nanomedicine for ophthalmic delivery and reports the clinical findings in order to improve the ocular pharmacotherapy. Here, we also discussed for patents related to the topic.
Dynamic Phasor Measurement Unit Test System (2007)

This paper presents the plans and progress towards the development of a dynamic phasor measurement unit (PMU) performance test system at NIST. We describe an algorithm for taking time-synchronized samples of single-phase voltage and current power signals and calculating their dynamic parameters, in particular the signal magnitude, phase, frequency, and rate of change of frequency that a PMU reports. PMUs must time stamp their values at periodic Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) markers called the update times. Thus, to provide a reference for PMU testing the sampled data can be fit to a model to define the value of a dynamic parameter at a specific time. The analysis model proposed in this paper assumes that the dynamic magnitude and frequency parameters of the signals are constant over the sampling interval analyzed. This analysis interval is usually the same as the update period or an integer multiple of that period. In the proposed analysis model the dynamic magnitude and frequency parameters are considered a polynomial in time about the update times. The order of the polynomial can be adjusted in a way that meets the needs of the signal being analyzed, yet minimizes the computational effort and sensitivity to noise. We show that when the dynamic variations are analyzed in this way, a single matrix can be used to iteratively converge on a good estimate of the dynamic frequency and magnitude parameters. The polynomial model can be used to generate and analyze test signals. Several test patterns are proposed, which include linearly changing magnitudes or frequencies. As expected, during low voltage tests of the system, the analysis does very well when the generation model matches the analysis model. Several other generation models are also proposed, such as sine waves or damped sine waves. The proposed analysis model is shown to be very accurate in these cases as well.