gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superparamagnetic Reduced Graphene Oxide with Large Magnetoresistance: A Surface Modulation Strategy (2016)

The graphene system is actively pursued in spintronics for its nontrivial sp electron magnetism and its potential for the flexible surface chemical tuning of magnetoelectronic functionality. The magnetoresistance (MR) of graphene can be effectively tuned under high magnetic fields at cryogenic temperatures, but it remains a challenge to achieve sensitive magnetoelectric response under ambient conditions. We report the use of surface modulation to realize superparamagnetism in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) with sensitive magnetic field response. The superparamagnetic rGO was obtained by a mild oxidation process to partially remove the thiol groups covalently bound to the carbon framework, which brings about large low-field negative MR at room temperature (-8.6 %, 500 Oe, 300 K). This strategy provides a new approach for optimizing the intrinsic magnetoelectric properties of two-dimensional materials.
The Synthesis of <i>Pseudo‐Geminal</i>, <i>Pseudo‐Ortho</i> and <i>Ortho</i> Hydroxy‐oxazolinyl[2.2]paracyclophanes for Use as Ligands in Asymmetric Catalysis (2006)

Abstract Synthetic routes to pseudo‐geminal , pseudo‐ortho and ortho hydroxy‐oxazolinyl[2.2]paracyclophanes (and the diastereoisomers of each) for use as N,O ligands in asymmetric catalysis have been devised. The substitution pattern was found to have a strong effect on the rate and enantioselectivity of the formed catalyst in the addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde.
Model calculations on the amide-I infrared bands of globular proteins (1992)

Model calculations are performed on the amide-I infrared (ir) bands of globular proteins by assigning one oscillator with a transition dipole to each peptide group. Coupling between these oscillators is introduced through the transition dipole coupling mechanism. As examples of application of the model, the ir spectra in the amide-I region of eight representative proteins, viz., carbonmonoxy myoglobin, ribonuclease A, α-lactalbumin, lysozyme, flavodoxin, carboxypeptidase A, concanavalin A, and β-trypsin are calculated. Good agreement is obtained between the calculated and observed amide-I band envelopes. Some structure-spectrum correlations are discussed on the basis of the model calculations. The presence of bands with significant ir intensities for myoglobin in the region below 1640 cm−1 is consistent with its x-ray structure having no β sheet. Analysis of the contributions of β sheets to the amide-I band envelopes shows that parallel, antiparallel, and mixed parallel/antiparallel β sheets give rise to strong ir bands at a similar position in the wave number region below 1650 cm−1, and that no band in the region above 1650 cm−1 can be regarded as a reliable marker of antiparallel β sheets. The contributions of non-α-non-β parts spread over a wide wave number region. The differences in the amide-I band envelopes between α-lactalbumin and lysozyme originate most probably from the structural differences between the α-helical parts near the N termini of these proteins.
Validation of a Scalable Solar Sailcraft System (2007)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Preemptive Analgesia and Local Anesthesia as a Supplement to General Anesthesia: A Review (2005)

General anesthesia (GA) and local anesthesia (LA) evolved on separate tracks. Procedures that could not be performed under LA were typically conducted under GA. Decoding of afferent linkage of peripheral noxious stimuli has provided important understanding that may change the way we traditionally treat surgical pain. In the 1980s, animal studies suggested that preemptive peripheral blocking of painful (nociceptive) stimuli to the central nervous system with regional anesthesia or LA and nonsteroidal analgesics could be beneficial in attenuating postoperative pain. Clinical studies based on this knowledge suggest combining LA with GA, and perhaps non-steroidal analgesics with or without narcotics, to reduce the severity of postoperative pain. General anesthetics can be given in lower minimal alveolar concentration when combined with LA, and recovery characteristics are superior. Increasing evidence suggests that the combined use of GA and LA may reduce the afferent barrage of surgery, and that preemptive analgesia may reduce postoperative pain and should be used in patient care. This article reviews the evidence supporting the combined use of LA or analgesics with GA or sedation to provide improved pain management after surgery.
Colonoscopic allergen provocation (COLAP): a new diagnostic approach for gastrointestinal food allergy. (1997)

The COLAP test may be a useful diagnostic measure in patients with suspected intestinal food allergy and may provide a new tool for the study of underlying mechanisms.
Diversion Issues in Real-Time Vehicle Dispatching (2000)

Recent technological advances in communication systems now allow the exploitation of realtime information for dynamic vehicle routing and scheduling. It is possible, in particular, to consider diverting a vehicle away from its current destination in response to a new customer request. In this paper, a strategy for assigning customer requests, which includes diversion, is proposed, and various issues related to it are presented. An empirical evaluation of the proposed approach is performed within a previously reported tabu search heuristic. Simulations compare the tabu search heuristic, with and without the new strategy, on a dynamic problem motivated from a courier service application. The results demonstrate the potential savings that can be obtained through the application of the proposed approach.
Shuffle and Learn: Unsupervised Learning using Temporal Order Verification (2016)

In this paper, we present an approach for learning a visual representation from the raw spatiotemporal signals in videos. Our representation is learned without supervision from semantic labels. We formulate our method as an unsupervised sequential verification task, i.e., we determine whether a sequence of frames from a video is in the correct temporal order. With this simple task and no semantic labels, we learn a powerful visual representation using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). The representation contains complementary information to that learned from supervised image datasets like ImageNet. Qualitative results show that our method captures information that is temporally varying, such as human pose. When used as pre-training for action recognition, our method gives significant gains over learning without external data on benchmark datasets like UCF101 and HMDB51. To demonstrate its sensitivity to human pose, we show results for pose estimation on the FLIC and MPII datasets that are competitive, or better than approaches using significantly more supervision. Our method can be combined with supervised representations to provide an additional boost in accuracy.
Web Performance Evaluation for Internet of Things Applications (2016)

An area of intensive research under the umbrella of the Internet of Things (IoT) has resulted in intensive proliferation of globally deployed sensor devices that provide a basis for the development of different use-case applications working with real-time data and demanding a rich user interface. Overcoming the lack of the standard HTML platform, HTML5 specifications WebSocket and Canvas graphics strongly supported the development of rich real-time applications. Such support has been offered by browser plug-ins such as Adobe Flash and Microsoft Silverlight for years. In order to provide a deep insight into IoT Web application performance, we implemented two test applications. In the first application, we measured latencies induced by different communication protocols and message encodings, as well as graphics rendering performance, while comparing the performance of different Web platform implementations. In the second application, we compared Web performance of IoT messaging protocols such as MQTT, AMQP, XMPP, and DDS by measuring the latency of sensor data message delivery and the message throughput rate. Our tests have shown that although Adobe Flash has the best performance at the moment, HTML5 platform is also very capable of running real-time IoT Web applications, whereas Microsoft Silverlight is noticeably behind both platforms. On the other hand, MQTT is the most appropriate messaging protocol for a wide set of IoT Web applications. However, IoT application developers should be aware of certain MQTT message broker implementation shortcomings that could prevent the usage of this protocol.
Etching and boron diffusion of high aspect ratio Si trenches for released resonators (1997)

This article discusses etching and boron diffusion in Si for the purpose of fabricating micromachined devices with high aspect ratio features. The etch rate of Si under various doping conditions in a Cl2 plasma generated by an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source was measured. It was found that lightly boron and phosphorus doped Si were etched at rates of 0.17 μm/min, whereas heavily boron doped Si had a similar etch rate of 0.16 μm/min. Si doped with high phosphorus concentrations had a faster etch rate of 0.31 μm/min. These etch rates were measured for Si etched at 100 W microwave power, 100 W rf power, 3 mTorr, with 20 sccm of Cl2 flow, and an ECR source to sample distance of 8 cm. The difference between the p++ and n++Si etch rates was more significant when etched at higher microwave power, higher rf power, or higher temperature. The depth of a heavily doped boron diffusion layer was measured for different feature sizes, trench openings, and aspect ratios. The diffusion layer thickness was found to decrease from 2.9 μm at the bottom of 50-μm-wide trenches, to 1.5 μm at the bottom of 2-μm-wide trenches. Diffusion thickness at the bottom of trenches near narrow features was found to increase to 3 μm compared to 2.5 μm for trenches near large features. The diffusion layer on the sides of the trenches for a 30 min boron diffusion at 1175 °C was 3.25 μm thick and was found to be independent of the trench opening and the trench aspect ratio. A deep etch-shallow diffusion process was used to fabricate thick released resonators with a short boron diffusion time. The second dry etch in the deep etch-shallow diffusion process, which is used to etch the p++ layer at the bottom of adjacent features, was studied. It was found that this etch successfully removed the p++ layer at the bottom of Si trenches in addition to widening the slightly tapered profile near the bottom of the trenches. This process has been applied to the fabrication of micromachined comb drive resonators and micromirrors successfully.
Unité allemande et marché du travail. Vers un chômage d'exclusion (1995)

Halle Grünert und Burkart Lutz, Deutsche Einheit und Arbeitsmarkt Arbeitslosigkeit durch Ausschluß. Seit 1989 sind etwa 40% der Arbeitsplätze in Ostdeutschland verloren gegangen. 1993 war nur noch jeder dritte Arbeitnehmer im selben Unternehmen beschäftigt wie 1989. Unter diesen Bedingungen ist es nur allzu verständlich, daß sich die Untersuchungen im Bereich der Sozialwissenschaften in erster Linie mit den quantitativen Problemen des Stellenabbaus befaßten. Zugleich wird es immer offensichtlicher, daß ein Großteil der Bevölkerung ihre Erfolgschancen sinken sah, was weder durch den Zufall noch durch traditionelle Faktoren wie Ausbildungsniveau und ausgeübter Beruf begründet werden kann. Der vorliegende Beitrag versucht mittels der auf der Grundlage westlicher Wirtschaftssysteme entwickelten Theorie der Arbeitsmarktsegmentation und insbesondere der Anwendung des allgemein mit dem Terminus interner Arbeitsmarkt bezeichneten Konzepts die qualitativen Vorgänge, die den Arbeitsmarkt bestimmen, verständlicher zu machen, zumal das ehemalige Beschäftigungssystem der DDR aus einem relativ starren Gebilde von mehreren internen Arbeitsmärkten bestand. Damit war das Risiko, daß die im Falle eines Arbeitsplatzverlusts von der Bundesrepublik eingeführten Instrumente und Maßnahmen der Arbeitsmarktpolitik eher zu einem dauerhaften Ausschluß der betroffenen Personen führen anstatt zu deren schnellen Wiedereingliederung beizutragen, umso größer, da das Verhalten der Arbeitnehmer und eines Teils der Arbeitgeber von den klassischen Schemata der internen « Arbeitmärkte » bestimmt wurde.
Iron mobilization from myocardial cells by 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one chelators: studies in rat heart cells in culture (1991)

The ability of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-ones (CP), a family of bidentate orally effective iron chelators, to remove iron and to prevent iron- induced lipid peroxidation was studied in beating rat myocardial cells in culture. The iron (III) binding constant (log beta 3) of all CP compounds is 36, but their lipophilicity may be modified by altering the length of the R2 substituent on the ring nitrogen. There was a direct relation between lipid solubility and chelating efficiency. Although at high concentrations all CP compounds were more effective in iron mobilization than deferoxamine, the opposite was true for low concentrations. Further studies with 1,2-diethyl-3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (CP94), the most effective CP compound, have shown that iron mobilization is completed within 6 hours, that effective mobilization requires a drug: iron molar ratio exceeding 3:1 permitting the formation of a hexadentate complex, and that the beneficial effects of iron mobilization are manifested in a marked reduction in membrane lipid peroxidation as indicated by cellular malonaldehyde content. Our study represents the first demonstration of a direct interaction between myocardial cells and an orally effective iron chelator, and underlines the need for high molar concentrations for achieving an optimal therapeutic effect.
Tri‐amelia and phocomelia with multiple malformations resembling Roberts syndrome in a fetus: is it a variant or a new syndrome? (1996)

Roberts-SC phocomelia syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by morphological anomalies such as limb defects and midfacial clefting, and by premature centromeric division in chromosomal study. Although it has been regarded as a single genetic entity and includes various morphologic defects, babies are being reported nowadays with severe facial defects, tetra-amelia, and pulmonary abnormality, yet with normal chromosomal findings. We have added a case resembling Roberts syndrome with various congenital anomalies. A gestation with a fetus was terminated at 24 weeks of gestational age because of multiple fetal anomalies. Postmortem examination revealed a severe mid-facial cleft, tri-amelia and phocomelia, multiple encephaloceles, protruding and hypoteloric eyes, low-set ears, atrial septal defect of ostium secundum type, patent ductus arteriosus, bilateral two-lobed lungs with incomplete lobation, multiple visceral anomalies, a penis without scrotum, abnormal dermoglyphics, and absence of nipples.
Dose response to chlorthalidone in patients with mild hypertension; Efficacy of a lower dose (1978)

A multicenter study of chlorthalidone was performed to determine the relative antihypertensive efficacy and side effects of doses lower than those usually recommended for therapy. After a 4-wk placebo control period 100 patients with mild hypertension were randomly assigned doubleblind to 12.5-, 25-, 50-, or 75-mg regimens of chlorthalidone or to placebo for 12 wk. The groups of patients taking 25, 50, and 75 mg had declines in blood pressure which were not significantly different from each other. Serum potassium decreased in the 50- and 75-mg groups but not significantly in the 25-mg group. We conclude that chlorthalidone, 25 mg daily, was at least as effective for hypertension as 50 and 75 mg with less perturbation of potassium. Use of smaller initial diuretic doses may provide equal efficacy with fewer side effects for many patients.
Hybrid ray‐propagator matrix modeling of complex stratified reservoirs (2007)

A hybrid ray‐propagator matrix approach can be an efficient, accurate and robust method to seismic modeling of complex stratified reservoirs. The hybrid approach combines wavefront construction (WFC) ray tracing with composite reflection coefficients to generate synthetic seismograms of such reservoir models. The WFC method will efficiently simulate the wave propagation in the geologic layer over a target reservoir, while the composite reflection coefficient obtained by the propagator matrix will model the amplitude of the signal reflected by the stratified reservoir model. The approach is applied to compute synthetic seismograms for test models of turbidite reservoirs in the Ursa field, Gulf of Mexico, validating the new results against exact calculations using the discrete wavenumber method. Comparison of synthetic seismograms between the hybrid approach and exact solutions demonstrates an excellent agreement. Since the total thickness of the turbidite reservoir is relatively thin to the seismic wavelength, the central frequency of the source at 10 and 60 Hz is conducted to discuss the frequency dependence of waveforms in the synthetic seismograms of a thin and complex stratified reservoir. As the source frequency goes higher, the more complex waveforms in the synthetic seismograms. They suggest the internal fluctuation of layering is detectable and the reflections from the top and bottom interfaces are differentiable. The new approach, however, can also be used to generate synthetic seismograms for the laterally heterogeneous, complex stratified reservoir models.
Reshaping Diverse Planning (2020)

The need for multiple plans has been established by various planning applications. In some, solution quality has the predominant role, while in others diversity is the key factor. Most recent work takes both plan quality and solution diversity into account under the generic umbrella of diverse planning. There is no common agreement, however, on a collection of computational problems that fall under that generic umbrella. This in particular might lead to a comparison between planners that have different solution guarantees or optimization criteria in mind. In this work we revisit diverse planning literature in search of such a collection of computational problems, classifying the existing planners to these problems. We formally define a taxonomy of computational problems with respect to both plan quality and solution diversity, extending the existing work. We propose a novel approach to diverse planning, exploiting existing classical planners via planning task reformulation and choosing a subset of plans of required size in post-processing. Based on that, we present planners for two computational problems, that most existing planners solve. Our experiments show that the proposed approach significantly improves over the best performing existing planners in terms of coverage, the overall solution quality, and the overall diversity according to various diversity metrics.
The Synthesis and Resolution of Hexahelicene<sup>1</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis and Resolution of Hexahelicene1Melvin S. Newman and Daniel LednicerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 18, 4765–4770Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01599a060https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01599a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2700Altmetric-Citations373LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Low-speed tests of an all-flexible parawing for landing a lifting-body spacecraft (1967)

Wind tunnel and flight tests to determine aerodynamic characteristics and rigging control of flexible parawing for lifting body spacecraft
Frequent inactivation of the <i>p73</i> gene by abnormal methylation or LOH in non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas (2002)

p73 is a candidate tumor suppressor and imprinted gene that shares significant homology with the p53 gene. It is located on 1p36, a region frequently deleted in neuroblastoma and other tumors. To investigate the pattern of inactivation of this gene in human lymphomas, we studied 59 tumors to identify abnormal methylation in exon 1 and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at this locus. p73 was methylated in 13/50 (26%) B cell lymphomas. There was no evidence of p73 methylation in the 9 T cell lymphomas analyzed. Burkitt's lymphomas showed the highest proportion of methylated cases (36%), although this alteration also affected other aggressive lymphomas such as diffuse large cell and some marginal zone lymphomas. LOH at the p73 locus was detected in 4/34 (11%) B and 1/9 (11%) T cell lymphomas. The p73 expression analysis showed absence or low level of p73 product in methylated lymphomas, whereas p73 was always detected in unmethylated tumors. We found monoallelic expression in normal peripheral blood samples, consistent with imprinting. None of the tumors showed LOH and methylation of the remaining allele simultaneously, suggesting that alteration of the expressed allele could lead to the total inactivation of the gene. Our results show that deletion or methylation of the p73 gene could be important mechanisms in suppressing p73 expression in B cell non-Hodgkin's lymphomas.
Performance of split routing algorithm for three-stage multicast networks (2000)

This paper studies three-stage Clos (1953) switching networks for multicast communications in terms of their blocking probabilities on a random traffic model. Even though the lack of multicast capability in input-stage switches requires a prohibitively large number of middle switches to provide compatible requests with nonblocking paths, the probabilistic model gives an observation that the blocking probability decreases drastically and then approaches zero as the number of middle switches is far less than the theoretical bound. The S-shaped curves of blocking probability versus degree of fanout indicate that high fanout requests are mostly blocked at some given reference network utilization. A split routing algorithm and its blocking probability are introduced to enhance the routability of the high fanout requests. We also corroborate the analytic model by performing network simulations based on a random request generator and a random routing strategy.