gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The upstream activation site of a Ty2 element of yeast is necessary but not sufficient to promote maximal transcription of the element. (1987)

The Ty elements of yeast are a family of retrovirus-like transposons that are highly transcribed, accounting for about 10% of total mRNA. We have mapped two sites to the nontranscribed region of the element upstream of the transcription start site that are required for maximal gene expression and are similar to sites previously defined in other genes. One, the TATA site, is located 74 base pairs upstream of the transcription start site and has the canonical sequence TATAAAA. This site is required for normal rates of initiation; deletion of the site greatly reduces the amount of Ty917 mRNA without changing its 5' end. A second site is located in a region from 140 to 110 base pairs upstream of the start site. Unlike other upstream activation site (UAS) elements previously defined, the Ty917 UAS is not sufficient to promote any transcription in the absence of downstream transcription regulatory sites. Thus the UAS is necessary but not sufficient for maximal transcription. Comparison of constructs lacking either the UAS or the downstream enhancer or both shows evidence of synergistic interaction between the sites since the effect of the sites on the rate of transcription initiation is more than additive.
Refreshable Tactile Display Based on a Bistable Electroactive Polymer and a Stretchable Serpentine Joule Heating Electrode (2018)

The demand for tactile interactive devices has been growing exponentially as the sense of touch enriches the human-machine interaction experience. However, the tactile devices reported so far cannot offer high-quality performance, compact form factor, and relatively simple system architecture for low-cost production. We report the fabrication of a 4 × 4 pneumatic tactile display with Braille standard resolution using a bistable electroactive polymer (BSEP) thin film and a serpentine-patterned carbon nanotube electrode. The BSEP is a variable stiffness material that exhibits a stiffness change of 3000-fold within the narrow temperature range of 43 ± 3 °C. The carbon nanotube electrode was patterned on the polymer film via a P3R process, Prestretch-Pattern-Protect-Release, which leads to a serpentine-patterned composite electrode that is highly stretchable, retains its high electrical conductivity up to an ∼200% area strain, and provides a fast Joule heating rate of 31 °C/s. The tactile pixels are diaphragm actuators that can be individually controlled to produce 0.7 mm out of plain deformation and greater than 50 g of blocking force by application of local heating and pneumatic pressure. The device can operate under low voltage supply (30 V) and has a lifetime of over 100 000 cycles without much performance degradation. This work could open a path to building compact, user-friendly, and cost-effective tactile devices for a variety of important applications.
Spontaneous emission from<i>N</i>atoms in a detuned damped cavity in the case of a symmetrical single-atom excitation (1986)

The exact solution for the spontaneous emission from N identical two-level atoms prepared initially to a symmetrical Dicke state with only one atom excited, which was obtained in our previous paper for the case of a perfectly tuned damped cavity, is generalized to the case of a detuned cavity. By using analytic and numerical results the effects of the detuning and the number N of atoms on the spontaneous emission are discussed.
Wave Energy Extraction Maximization Using Direct Transcription (2012)

Wave energy converters (WECs) extract energy from the motion of ocean waves. A variety of different WEC devices have been studied over the past several decades, with emphasis on cost-effective energy extraction. Active control has been shown to improve energy production significantly. Here we investigate energy extraction potential of a tethered heaving cylinder WEC using direct transcription (DT), an open-loop optimal control strategy. This enables direct inclusion of asymmetric constraints on power and tether force, practical considerations not considered in previous studies, and opens the door to WEC optimal control problems with more realistic nonlinear models and integration of control design with physical system design.
An Assessment of Diltiazem and Hydrochlorothiazide in Hypertension (1990)

This multicenter, factorial-design trial assessed the safety and additive antihypertensive efficacy of a slow-release (SR) formulation of diltiazem hydrochloride given alone or in combination with hydrochlorothiazide for treatment of mild to moderate hypertension. After a 4- to 6-week placebo run-in period, 297 qualifying patients were randomized to receive placebo, 1 of 4 doses of diltiazem SR monotherapy, 1 of 3 doses of hydrochlorothiazide monotherapy, or 1 of 12 possible combinations of diltiazem SR and hydrochlorothiazide for 6 weeks. A dose-related reduction in blood pressure was demonstrated for each drug as monotherapy and for the two drugs in combination. Absolute blood pressures of patients who received combination therapy were lower by an overall mean of 3.0 mm Hg diastolic and 8.0 mm Hg systolic vs diltiazem SR used alone and 3.5 mm Hg diastolic and 4.0 mm Hg systolic vs hydrochlorothiazide used alone. At the largest doses used, 50% of patients achieved goal blood pressure while taking hydrochlorothiazide, 57% while taking diltiazem SR, and 75% while taking combination therapy. Combination therapy was well tolerated. This trial clearly demonstrates that diltiazem SR and hydrochlorothiazide have additive antihypertensive effects.
Ion-pair upconversion pumped laser emission in Er3+ ions in YAG, YLF, SrF2, and CaF2 crystals (1988)

Ion-pair upconversion pumped laser emission at 2.7–2.9 μm between the 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 excited states of triply ionized erbium ions (Er3+) has been studied at 300 and 100 K in YLF, YAG, SrF2, and CaF2 hosts. Laser action was obtained by pumping directly into the transition’s terminal laser level. In all four hosts, the lifetime of the 4I13/2 state is longer than that of the 4I11/2 state, by factors of 5 and 80 for the first two, and factors of (5)/(2) and 2 for the SrF2 and CaF2, respectively. The absorption coefficient for the 1.533-μm pump radiation is comparable in YLF, SrF2, and CaF2, but is larger by a factor of 3 in YAG. At room temperature the threshold pump energy for YAG is larger by a factor of 10 than for CaF2, SrF2, and YLF. Interpretation of the lasing delay times at threshold pumping levels in terms of a simple analytic model gives for the upconversion coefficients: αYLF =1.2×10−17 cm3 s−1, αYAG =5.4×10−17 cm3 s−1, αSrF2 =2.9×10−15 cm3 s−1, and αCaF2 =3.2×10−15 cm3 s−1. Nonoptimized upconversion pumped laser efficiency in Er:YLF was measured at 110 K to be 17%. A peculiar upconversion pumped lasing behavior was observed in Er:YAG at low temperatures.
Circuitry in three dimensions: multifunctional molded plastic packages (1991)

The topics dealt with are: some of the major structural/mechanical benefits of a molded circuit board; some of the material benefits of a molded circuit board; high-heat thermoplastics; resin materials for molded circuit interconnect fabrication; MCB metallization; MCB general properties; molded circuit interconnect applications; and the future of performance plastics and 3D molded circuit interconnects. Molded circuits consolidate circuitry, wiring and hardware into a one piece construction. The resultant integral assembly provides increased reliability and reduced costs. Elements of cost savings include reduced factory labor, parts consolidations, simplified product assembly, lighter weight, compact size, and unique function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Germanium, Poly-trans-[2-Carboxyethyl] Germasesquioxane on Natural Killer (NK) Activity in Dogs. (2002)

In an attempt to study the immunological effects on normal and adenocarcinoma (AC) dogs, the natural killer (NK) activity was determined. Augmentation of NK cell activities in responsive normal and AC dogs that indicatedanergy in the phaseolus vulgaris agglutinin (PHA) skin-test was manifested when the animals were accordingly treated with germanium (GN).
Influence of barrier thickness on the performance of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well solar cells (2012)

The performance of InGaN/GaN multiple quantum well (MQW) solar cells containing 15 periods of 2.7 nm thick In0.21Ga0.79N wells and three different GaN barriers thicknesses of 3.0 nm, 6.3 nm, and 10.0 nm is investigated. Increasing barrier thickness results in absorption at lower energies, consistent with piezoelectric polarization induced electric fields tilting the energy bands of the MQW and changing the transition energy of well states. The internal quantum efficiency and leakage currents are additionally affected by GaN barrier thickness, resulting in the 6.3 nm barrier structure achieving the highest power conversion efficiency (1.66%, 1 sun AM1.5G).
Soft palate implants as a minimally invasive treatment for mild to moderate obstructive sleep apnea (2006)

The mean AHI was reduced following implantation, from 16.1 to 11.8 (p<0.01). A reduction in AHI was achieved in 13 patients (81%). Ten of 16 patients had their AHI reduced to <10.0. Snoring intensity decreased from 8.3+/-1.8 to 4.7+/-2.5 on a visual analog scale (p<0.001) and daytime sleepiness dropped from 7.2+/-2.5 to 4.6+/-3.2 on the Epworth Sleepiness Scale (p<0.05). No significant adverse events were reported.
Predicting Conversion to Alzheimer Disease Using Standardized Clinical Information (2000)

A standardized clinical assessment can be used to identify the subgroup of individuals within the category of questionable AD who have a high likelihood of converting to AD over time. Subjects who met the criteria for questionable AD had a variety of trajectories during a 3-year follow-up, suggesting that diverse factors may influence the functional changes observed in this population.
Correcting vertically altered faces: orthodontics and orthognathic surgery. (1998)

Traditional methods of model and cephalometric examination are often unreliable for diagnosis and treatment planning. This article presents soft tissue cephalometric analysis that measures the face, analyzes important dentoskeletal structures that determine facial appearance, and reveals the etiology of malocclusions. A technique for cephalometric treatment planning for guiding esthetic facial changes and the method of occlusal correction are also described. Vertical maxillary excess and vertical maxillary deficiency malocclusions are used to illustrate these techniques.
The bacterial genus <i>Collimonas</i> : mycophagy, weathering and other adaptive solutions to life in oligotrophic soil environments (2009)

This minireview provides a synopsis of past and present research on the biology and ecology of members of the bacterial genus Collimonas. From the distribution, abundance and functional behaviours of these so-called collimonads emerges a general picture of bacterial adaptation to low-nutrient soil environments. Among these adaptations is the ability to extract nutrients from living fungi (mycophagy) and from rocks and minerals (weathering). This unique combination of properties will be discussed in the context of other interactions that collimonads have with their biotic and abiotic surroundings, such as the ability to inhibit fungal growth (fungistasis), protect plant roots from fungal disease (biocontrol), and degrade natural polymers and synthetic pollutants (biodegradation). Future research on Collimonas is expected to take advantage of the genomic tools and resources that are becoming available to uncover and describe the genes and gene functions that distinguish this group of bacteria and are the basis for its phenotypes. Potential applications of collimonads include the control of unwanted fungi, for example in agriculture, their use as biological indicators of soil quality and fertility, and as a source of bioactive compounds.
A New Application of the Buck-Boost-Derived Converters to Obtain the I-V Curve of Photovoltaic Modules (2007)

A new experimental way to measure the I-V characteristic curve of a solar cell, module or photovoltaic generator by using Buck-Boost-Derived DC-DC converters is proposed. Theoretical analysis shows that the optimal topologies for this purpose are the SEPIC (Single-Ended Primary Inductance Converter) and Cuk converter. The advantages of this method are described, and experimental results show its usefulness.
The intrinsic resistome of bacterial pathogens (2013)

Intrinsically resistant bacteria have emerged as a relevant health problem in the last years. Those bacterial species, several of them with an environmental origin, present naturally low-level susceptibility to several drugs. It has been proposed that intrinsic resistance is mainly the consequence of the impermeability of cellular envelopes, the activity of multidrug efflux pumps or the lack of appropriate targets for a given family of drugs. However, recently published articles indicate that the characteristic phenotype of susceptibility to antibiotics of a given bacterial species depends on the concerted activity of several elements, what has been named as intrinsic resistome. These determinants comprise not just classical resistance genes. Other elements, several of them involved in basic bacterial metabolic processes, are of relevance for the intrinsic resistance of bacterial pathogens. In the present review we analyze recent publications on the intrinsic resistomes of Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. We present as well information on the role that global regulators of bacterial metabolism, as Crc from P. aeruginosa, may have on modulating bacterial susceptibility to antibiotics. Finally, we discuss the possibility of searching inhibitors of the intrinsic resistome in the aim of improving the activity of drugs currently in use for clinical practice.
Magnetic shielding by superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O hollow cylinders (1989)

The authors have measured the magnetic field H' at the center of a hollow of sintered Y-Ba-Cu-O superconductor as a function of applied field H, temperature, tube length, and tube wall thickness. The maximum field that can be shielded H/sub sh/ agrees with the value calculated from the critical state model using the measured critical-current density J/sub c/. The maximum trapped field H/sub tr/ in the tube, on decreasing H to zero, exceeds H/sub sh/ by as much as a factor of two, and large enhancements in J/sub c/ are observed in the decreasing field. These phenomena are identified with intragranular flux pinning present only after H has exceeded H/sub c1/ of the grains. Finite tube length does not affect the H/sub tr//H/sub sh/ ratio appreciably. H/sub sh/ depends approximately on the square root of the wall thickness.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Patients' Preferences for Technical versus Interpersonal Quality When Selecting a Primary Care Physician (2005)

These participants showed a strong preference for physicians of high technical quality when forced to make tradeoffs, but a substantial proportion of the sample preferred physicians of high interpersonal quality. Individual physician report cards should contain ample information in both domains to be most useful to patients.
Modular assembly of voltage-gated channel proteins: a sequence analysis and phylogenetic study. (1999)

Voltage-sensitive cation-selective ion channels of the voltage-gated ion channel (VGC) superfamily were examined by a combination of sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction procedures. Segments of the alpha-subunits of K+-selective channels homologous to the structurally elucidated KcsA channel of Streptomyces lividans were multiply aligned, and this alignment provided the database for computer-assisted structural analyses and phylogenetic tree construction. Similar analyses were conducted with the four homologous repeats of the alpha-subunits from representative Ca2+- and Na+-selective channels, as well as with the ensemble of K+, Ca2+ and Na+ channels. In both the single subunit of the K+ channels and the individual repeats of the Ca2+ and Na+ channels, the analyses suggest the occurrence of at least two tandemly arranged modules corresponding to the predicted voltage-sensor domain and the pore domain. The phylogenetic analyses reveal strict clustering of segments according to cation-selectivity and repeat unit. We surmise that the pore module of the prokaryotic K+ channel was the primordial polypeptide upon which other modules were superimposed during evolution in order to generate phenotypic diversity. These observations may prove applicable to all members of the VGC family yet to be discovered throughout the prokaryotic and eukaryotic kingdoms.
Contrast and resolution enhanced optical sectioning in scattering tissue using line-scanning two-photon structured illumination microscopy (2017)

Optical sectioning imaging with high spatial resolution deep inside scattering samples such as mammalian brain is of great interest in biological study. Conventional two-photon microscopy deteriorates in focus when light scattering increases. Here we develop an optical sectioning enhanced two-photon technique which incorporates structured illumination into line-scanning spatial-temporal focusing microscopy (LTSIM), and generate patterned illumination via laser intensity modulation synchronized with scanning. LTSIM brings scattering background elimination and in-focus contrast enhancement, and realizes nearly 2-fold increase in spatial resolution to ∼208 nm laterally and ∼0.94 µm axially. In addition, the intensity modulated line-scanning implementation of LTSIM enables fast and flexible generation of structured illumination, permitting adjustable spatial frequency profiles to optimize image contrast. The highly qualified optical sectioning ability of our system is demonstrated on samples including tissue phantom, C. elegans and mouse brain at depths over hundreds of microns.
Integrating on-board diagnostics speed data with sparse GPS measurements for vehicle trajectory estimation (2013)

We evaluate the integration of on-board diagnostics (OBD) speed measurements with sparse and/or missing GPS data for vehicle trajectory estimation using an extended Kalman filter. The suggested framework is relevant to the deployment of low-power, low-cost GPS receivers in the context of mobile and pervasive sensing. Our algorithm is capable of handling sensors at different sampling rates and comprises an accelerometer error model that significantly improves trajectory estimation. Based on field data, we evaluate its performance by simulating deliberately reduced GPS sampling rates, random GPS outages, and varying base sampling rates of the Kalman filter estimation loop. We achieve robust performance in estimating the driven distance and a vehicle trajectory with GPS data downsampled from 10 Hz to 0.02 Hz. We also demonstrate that for random GPS omissions of up to two thirds of the samples, the root mean squared error of position estimates is less than 4 m with GPS data downsampled by a factor of 10.
From Offline to Real-Time Distributed Activity Recognition in Wireless Sensor Networks for Healthcare: A Review (2021)

This review presents the state of the art and a global overview of research challenges of real-time distributed activity recognition in the field of healthcare. Offline activity recognition is discussed as a starting point to establish the useful concepts of the field, such as sensor types, activity labeling and feature extraction, outlier detection, and machine learning. New challenges and obstacles brought on by real-time centralized activity recognition such as communication, real-time activity labeling, cloud and local approaches, and real-time machine learning in a streaming context are then discussed. Finally, real-time distributed activity recognition is covered through existing implementations in the scientific literature, and six main angles of optimization are defined: Processing, memory, communication, energy, time, and accuracy. This survey is addressed to any reader interested in the development of distributed artificial intelligence as well activity recognition, regardless of their level of expertise.
Feature of Internucleotidic 2′,3′-Cyclicphosphate Intermediates During Liquid and Solid Phase Synthesis of RNA Fragments and Practical Synthesis of Octaadenylate in the Phosphoramidite Approach (1987)

Abstract Internucleotidic cyclic phosphate intermediates were found to be hydrolyzed completely to give no 2′-5′ linkages under the usual conditions for deprotection in RNA synthesis.
D0 forward-angle muon tracking detector and its gas system (2002)

The design of the new D0 forward angle muon tracking detector and its gas system are described in this paper. The new D0 forward muon tracking detector is based on a minidrift tube technology. The minidrift tubes are operated in proportional mode using a fast nonflammable gas mixture. The basic operational characteristics of this gas mixture and the effects of impurities are presented. Special requirements of the gas system that lead to our design choices are discussed. The gas distribution, recirculation, control, and monitoring system are described.
Characteristics of major outer membrane proteins of Haemophilus influenzae (1983)

Several properties of Haemophilus influenzae outer membrane proteins were analyzed to define related proteins in various isolates. H. influenzae type b 760705 had six major outer membrane proteins with the following characteristics. Protein a (Mr, 47,000) demonstrated heat modifiability in sodium dodecyl sulfate; its apparent molecular weight was 34,000 at temperatures below 60 degrees C. This protein was extracted from cell envelopes by using Triton X-100-10 mM MgCl2; in cell envelope preparations, the protein was degraded by trypsin. Proteins b (Mr, 41,000) and c (Mr, 40,000) were insensitive to trypsin degradation, were not heat modifiable in sodium dodecyl sulfate, and were peptidoglycan associated in 0.5% Triton X-100-0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate. The amount of protein b was reduced in ultrasonically obtained cell envelopes. Protein d (Mr, 37,000) was heat modifiable in sodium dodecyl sulfate with an Mr of 28,000 at temperatures below 100 degrees C and was degraded by trypsin, leaving a membrane-bound fragment of Mr, 27,000. Both the intact and degraded proteins were immunologically cross-reactive with the heat-modifiable OmpA protein of Escherichia coli K-12. Protein d was absent in LiCl-EDTA extracts of cells. Protein e (Mr, 30,000), invariably present in all H. influenzae strains tested, was insensitive to trypsin and absent in LiCl-EDTA extracts of cells. Protein k (Mr, 58,000) was extracted from cell envelopes with 2% Triton X-100-10 mM MgCl2 and, in cell envelopes, appeared to be sensitive to trypsin degradation. Proteins with similar properties to those of proteins a to k were found in 10 other H. influenzae b strains, reference strains with serotype a, c, d, e, and f capsules, and 18 of 20 nonencapsulated strains. Their relative molecular weights, however, varied.