gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Catalogue of Chromosomal Aberrations in Barrett's Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma: A High-Density Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Array Analysis (2010)

To better understand the molecular mechanisms behind esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC) tumorigenesis, we used high-density single nucleotide polymorphism arrays to profile chromosomal aberrations at each of the four sequential progression stages, Barrett's metaplasia (BM), low-grade dysplasia (LGD), high-grade dysplasia (HGD), and EAC, in 101 patients. We observed a significant trend toward increasing loss of chromosomes with higher progression stage. For BM, LGD, HGD, and EAC, respectively, the average numbers of chromosome arms with loss per sample were 0.30, 3.21, 7.70, and 11.90 (P for trend = 4.82 x 10(-7)), and the mean percentages of single nucleotide polymorphisms with allele loss were 0.1%, 1.8%, 6.6%, and 17.2% (P for trend = 2.64 x 10(-6)). In LGD, loss of 3p14.2 (68.4%) and 16q23.1 (47.4%) was limited to narrow regions within the FHIT (3p14.2) and WWOX (16q23.1) genes, whereas loss of 9p21 (68.4%) occurred in larger regions. A significant increase in the loss of other chromosomal regions was seen in HGD and EAC. Loss of 17p (47.6%) was one of the most frequent events in EAC. Many recurrent small regions of chromosomal loss disrupted single genes, including FHIT, WWOX, RUNX1, KIF26B, MGC48628, PDE4D, C20orf133, GMDS, DMD, and PARK2, most of which are common fragile site regions in the human genome. However, RUNX1 at 21q22 seemed to be a potential tumor suppressor gene in EAC. Amplifications were less frequent than losses and mostly occurred in EAC. 8q24 (containing Myc) and 8p23.1 (containing CTSB) were the two most frequently amplified regions. In addition, a significant trend toward increasing amplification was associated with higher progression stage.
Drive System for TFT-LCDs Using Digital Drivers having Gray-Scale Interpolative Function. (1997)

Basic technologies of a drive system with digital drivers that have gray-scale interpolative functions are reported. The driver reported in this paper is a 3-bit driver, although it is the first digital driver in practical use that performs gray-scale interpolation. It has also become the starting point of the following higher multi-gray-scale drivers. The driver is designed by 5 volt withstanding process that is the standard process of a digital LSI. It should be used in combination with the AC common driving scheme (ACCDS). The ACCDS itself is not a new concept, however, the floating gate driving method proposed in this paper makes the ACCDS possible without deteriorating picture quality. In addition in this paper, the issue of the transparency asymmetry with respect to polarity of the drive voltage is discussed and the importance of estimating the asymmetry compensation errors inevitable in a drive system that performs gray-scale interpolation is discussed. It is also shown that the floating gate driving method can be simplified as long as the compensation errors are under a certain limit.
Intestinal epithelial cells in inflammatory bowel diseases (2010)

The pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) seems to involve a primary defect in one or more of the elements responsible for the maintenance of intestinal homeostasis and oral tolerance. The most important element is represented by the intestinal barrier, a complex system formed mostly by intestinal epithelial cells (IECs). IECs have an active role in producing mucus and regulating its composition; they provide a physical barrier capable of controlling antigen traffic through the intestinal mucosa. At the same time, they are able to play the role of non-professional antigen presenting cells, by processing and presenting antigens directly to the cells of the intestinal immune system. On the other hand, immune cells regulate epithelial growth and differentiation, producing a continuous bi-directional cross-talk within the barrier. Several alterations of the barrier function have been identified in IBD, starting from mucus features up to its components, from epithelial junctions up to the Toll-like receptors, and altered immune responses. It remains to be understood whether these defects are primary causes of epithelial damage or secondary effects. We review the possible role of the epithelial barrier and particularly describe the role of IECs in the pathogenesis of IBD.
Photocatalysis by Calcium Hydroxyapatite Modified with Ti(IV):  Albumin Decomposition and Bactericidal Effect (2003)

Colloidal calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2; HAP) particles doped with Ti(IV) ions in different atomic ratios, Ti/(Ca + Ti) = XTi, by a coprecipitation method were characterized by TEM, UV, FTIR, XPS, and ICP−AES. The photocatalytic activity of the modified HAP particles was examined by decomposition of acetaldehyde and albumin and a bactericidal test by colon bacillus. Ca(II) of HAP was one-to-one substituted by Ti(IV) at XTi ≤ 0.1. When doped at XTi > 0.1, irregular particles of amorphous titanium phosphate were formed besides long rectangular particles of HAP. XTi of the surface phase of the particles was much less than that of the whole particle; Ti(IV) is less contained in the surface phase than in the bulk one. A UV beam was absorbed by Ti(IV)-modified HAP particles but not by the unmodified particles. The decomposition of acetaldehyde and albumin by Ti(IV)-doped particles was found under UV irradiation, while the unmodified HAP particles were inactive for the decomposition of both materials. Further, different from TiO2, Ti(IV)-doped HAP showed a bactericidal function in the dark.
Dietary Calcium Intake Protects Women Consuming Oral Contraceptives from Spine and Hip Bone Loss (2005)

Dairy product intake, at levels necessary to achieve the recommended intakes of calcium, protected the total hip BMD and spine BMD from loss observed in young healthy women with low calcium intakes who were using OCP.
A High Speed and Power Controlled CMOS Edge Detector for 2.5 Gb/s Clock Recovery Circuit (2006)

The ever-growing demand to high-speed transmission of data has forced the designers to make faster and much more reliable circuits and systems for users. Among many of methodologies for data formats to be transmitted, the binary data is of great interest. There are various Pulse Code Modulations (PCM) for transmission of binary data among which, Non Return to Zero (NRZ) and Return to Zero (RZ) are well-known. RZ is more reliable and easier to use in comparison with NRZ but it is slower. Since there is no zero between any two bits in NRZ, its bit rate is two times more than that of RZ in the same conditions. But this reality makes the designers to consider an Edge Detector for NRZ data. This paper introduces a novel Edge Detector designed for 2.5 Gb/s Clock Recovery Circuit. This baud rate represents the free-running frequency of Phase Locked Loop (PLL). The advantage of this Edge Detector is its flexibility to encounter with frequency changes. Moreover, it doesn't dissipate constant power meaning that its dissipated power is proportional to the frequency of the received data. Therefore the jitter and extra power dissipation produced by conventional Edge Detectors are removed. Finally, the simulation of this Edge Detector for a 0.18 BC;m technology and its comparative results are given.
BEAUFORT SEA CASED GLORYHOLE DRILLING (1989)

To drill a well in ice infested waters from a floating drilling platform or vessel, the wellhead and BOP assemblies normally located on the sea floor must be protected from ice scour. Traditionally Gulf has done this by dredging the seafloor and locating the wellhead and BOP in this dredged out section. To save dredging, time and money, Tornado Drill and Gulf Canada developed a tool to drill a gloryhole. The tool was designed to operate suspended from a marine riser in the moonpool of the drilling unit Kulluk, and drill and case a 7.3m diameter hole to a depth of 10-13m.
Multiprotocol transport networking: a general internetworking solution (2002)

The multiprotocol transport networking (MPTN) architecture proposed in this paper is a general solution to providing interconnectivity for applications. The MPTN architecture provides a protocol-independent system interface that includes most functions provided by existing transport protocols. As a result, the MPTN architecture decouples higher-layer protocols, application programming interfaces, and applications from protocols at the transport layer and below. Using the MPTN architecture, current and new applications can function unmodified over any transport supported under the MPTN interface. In addition, MPTN transport-layer gateways provide an end-to-end communication facility across a number of networks running different protocols. Therefore, a collection of networks running different protocols can serve as a single logical network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Parthenolide Cooperates with NS398 to Inhibit Growth of Human Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cells through Effects on Apoptosis and G0-G1 Cell Cycle Arrest (2006)

Chemotherapy to date has not been effective in the treatment of human hepatocellular carcinoma. More effective treatment strategies may involve combinations of agents with activity against hepatocellular carcinoma. Parthenolide, a nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitor, and NS398, a cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor, have been shown to individually suppress the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. To investigate their effects in combination, three human hepatocellular carcinoma lines (Hep3B, HepG2, and PLC) were treated with parthenolide and/or NS398. Parthenolide (0.1-10 micromol/L) and NS398 (1-100 micromol/L) each caused concentration-dependent growth inhibition in all cell lines. The addition of parthenolide to NS398 reduced the concentration of NS398 required to inhibit hepatocellular carcinoma growth. Because parthenolide and COX-2 inhibitors have been reported to influence NF-kappaB activity, the effects on this pathway were investigated. The combination of parthenolide/NS398 inhibited phosphorylation of the NF-kappaB-inhibitory protein IkappaBalpha and increased total IkappaBalpha levels. NF-kappaB DNA-binding and transcriptional activities were inhibited more by the combination than the single agents in Hep3B and HepG2 cells but not in PLC cells. The response of PLC cells to NS398 was augmented by p65 small interfering RNA to inhibit NF-kappaB p65 protein expression. The combination of parthenolide/NS398 increased apoptosis only in PLC cells, suggesting that the combination may decrease the apoptotic threshold in these cells. In Hep3B and HepG2 cells, combination treatment with NS398/parthenolide altered the cell cycle distribution resulting in more G0-G1 accumulation. Cyclin D1 levels were further decreased by combination treatment in all cell lines, correlating with the cell cycle alterations. Our results suggest that parthenolide may be effective in combination with COX-2 inhibitors for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma.
Automatically sweeping dual-channel boxcar integrator (1978)

An automatically sweeping dual-channel boxcar integrator has been developed to automate the search for a signal that repeatedly follows a trigger pulse by a constant or slowly varying time delay when that signal is completely hidden in random electrical noise and dc-offset drifts. The automatically sweeping dual-channel boxcar integrator improves the signal-to-noise ratio and eliminates dc-drift errors in the same way that a conventional dual-channel boxcar integrator does, but, in addition, automatically locates the hidden signal. When the signal is found, its time delay is displayed with 100-ns resolution, and its peak value is automatically measured and displayed. This relieves the operator of the tedious, time-consuming, and error-prone search for the signal whenever the time delay changes. The automatically sweeping boxcar integrator can also be used as a conventional dual-channel boxcar integrator. In either mode, it can repeatedly integrate a signal up to 990 times and thus make accurate measurements of the signal pulse height in the presence of random noise, dc offsets, and unsynchronized interfering signals.
Comparison of serial data-input CRC and parallel data-input CRC design for CRC-8 ATM HEC employing MLFSR (2014)

Cyclic Redundancy check (CRC) is primarily used in the physical layer of transmission protocols (viz., Ethernet and Bluetooth). CRC computation can be done in two ways; either serial computation or parallel computation. CRC computation implement linear feedback shift registers (LFSRs). The proposed paper gives an insight of serial and parallel implementation of CRC 8- CCITT widely used in Header Error Control in Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM HEC).
Differences in the migration of B and T lymphocytes: organ-selective localization <i>in vivo</i> and the role of lymphocyte-endothelial cell recognition. (1982)

The migration of B and T lymphocytes in the mouse has been studied by using 1) short-term in vivo homing studies, and 2) an in vitro assay of lymphocyte binding to specialized lymphoid organ venules (post-capillary, high endothelial venules (HEV)) in frozen sections of lymph nodes and Peyer's patches. The homing characteristics of B and T cell populations are largely independent of their organ of origin. B cells from any source distribute preferentially to Peyer's patches, whereas T cells home preferentially to peripheral lymph nodes. This organ specificity of migration appears to be determined at the site of lymphocyte exit from the blood by selective recognition of organ-specific determinants on the endothelial cells of HEV. In addition, the in vivo tendency of B cells to migrate preferentially to the spleen, and of T cells to localize better in lymph nodes is confirmed. The results indicate that, in a hypothetical situation in which an equal number of B and T lymphocytes localized in peripheral lymph nodes (or bound in vitro to peripheral node HEV), there would be about 2.5 B cells for every T cell in the mesenteric node, four to six B cells per T cell in Peyer's patches, and seven to nine B cells per T cell in the spleen. Comparison of these homing preferences with the distribution of B and T lymphocyte populations in situ suggests that selective lymphocyte migration may help determine the proportions of functionally distinct lymphocyte classes in particular lymphoid organs or sites of chronic inflammation, and thus may serve to influence the character of local immune responses.
A 3-V RF CMOS bandpass amplifier using an active inductor (2002)

This paper presents the design of a 3-V RF CMOS bandpass amplifier using the recently proposed CMOS active inductor. Negative feedback is used with a cascode amplifier to realise a grounded inductance as a frequency selective element and achieve power amplification simultaneously. The proposed bandpass amplifier, which includes an input matching network and an output voltage buffer for a 50-/spl Omega/ environment, is designed and simulated with a commercial 0.8-/spl mu/m n-well BiCMOS process using HSPICE. Simulation results of the bandpass amplifier tuned at a centre frequency of 1 GHz with a quality factor of 56 illustrate that a power gain of 23 dB, and a noise figure of 4.3 dB can be achieved with a power dissipation of 57 mW from a single 3 V supply.
Size Distribution Data Analysis and Presentation (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Types of Particle Size Particle Shape Particle Size Distributions Concentration Distributions Summarizing Size Distributions Graphically Confidence Intervals and Error Analysis Testing Hypotheses with Size Distribution Data Coincidence Errors Choosing Sizing Interval Demarcations Data Inversion List of Symbols References
Silicon carbide power MOSFET technology (1997)

4H-SiC UMOSFETs and DMOSFETs have been fabricated and tested with measured blocking voltages (1400 V and 900 V, respectively). Although these breakdown voltages were reasonable, obtaining sufficient channel mobility (50 cm/sup 2//Vs) to enable devices with practical current densities has thus far proven elusive owing to the poor quality of the SiC-SiO/sub 2/ interface. DMOS structures suffer from a non-self aligned process, and gate oxide present over rough implanted and annealed SiC surfaces. Thus surface scattering effects and interface state density remain high, lowering carrier mobility. In addition, UMOS devices also suffer from poor inversion layer mobility due to the difficulties of forming high quality oxide on the sidewalls of the vertical trenches. In this paper we will explore these and other design and processing trade-offs.
Approximate matching : definition and terminology (2014)

ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical
Monitoring Multiple Active Sites on Thiotemplate Enzymes in Parallel:  A Molecular Movie of Yersiniabactin Bioassembly (2005)

For the uninterrupted observation of natural product bioassembly on nonribosomal peptide synthetases, Quadrupole Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (Q-FTMS) was utilized to directly interrogate peptides harboring covalently modified residues in yersiniabactin synthetase. After proteolysis in CNBr, the peptides corresponding to each carrier site were identified and visualized using a continuous kinetic assay. Overall, complex intermediate formation was rapid, with observation of the HPTT-beta-keto-2,2-dimethyl-S-ACP intermediate within 4 s, while each active site reached saturation within approximately 20 s. Reduction of the beta-keto group at the ACP domain was found to have the slowest rate, accumulating only after 40 s. This represents the first study to correlate five active sites in tandem with kinetic and structural resolution of the complex intermediates in addition to regiospecific information preserved in the assay.
APPROACHES TO QUOTIDIAN DIALYSIS: The Fresenius Medical Care Home Hemodialysis System (2004)

The Fresenius Medical Care home dialysis system consists of a newly designed machine, a central monitoring system, a state-of-the-art reverse osmosis module, ultrapure water, and all the services associated with a successful implementation. The 2008K@home hemodialysis machine has the flexibility to accommodate the changing needs of the home hemodialysis patient and is well suited to deliver short daily or prolonged nocturnal dialysis using a broad range of dialysate flows and concentrates. The intuitive design, large graphic illustrations, and step-by-step tutorial make this equipment very user friendly. Patient safety is assured by the use of hydraulic systems with a long history of reliability, smart alarm algorithms, and advanced electronic monitoring. To further patient comfort with their safety at home, the 2008K@home is enabled to communicate with the newly designed iCare remote monitoring system. The Aquaboss Smart reverse osmosis (RO) system is compact, quiet, highly efficient, and offers an improved hygienic design. The RO module reduces water consumption by monitoring the water flow of the dialysis system and adjusting water production accordingly. The Diasafe Plus filter provides ultrapure water, known for its long-term benefits. This comprehensive approach includes planning, installation, technical and clinical support, and customer service.
Anthraquinone with tailored structure for a nonaqueous metal–organic redox flow battery (2012)

A nonaqueous, hybrid metal-organic redox flow battery based on tailored anthraquinone structure is demonstrated to have an energy efficiency of ~82% and a specific discharge energy density similar to those of aqueous redox flow batteries, which is due to the significantly improved solubility of anthraquinone in supporting electrolytes.
Assemblage de la capside du rotavirus, "nanoboîtes" et vaccins (1999)

National audience
GRUSEL -a self optimizing, bandwidth aware video on demand P2P application (2004)

The main target of the application is an autonomic, self optimizing video on demand system with minimal administration effort. Thus we focus on content replication due to past access frequencies. The P2P communication strategy can be adapted to streaming applications: movie content is not just transferred via best effort but may be streamed from one peer to another with QoS guarantees.
Glial-conditional deletion of aquaporin-4 ( <i>Aqp4</i> ) reduces blood–brain water uptake and confers barrier function on perivascular astrocyte endfeet (2011)

Tissue- and cell-specific deletion of the Aqp4 gene is required to differentiate between the numerous pools of aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channels. A glial-conditional Aqp4 knockout mouse line was generated to resolve whether astroglial AQP4 controls water exchange across the blood-brain interface. The conditional knockout was driven by the glial fibrillary acidic protein promoter. Brains from conditional Aqp4 knockouts were devoid of AQP4 as assessed by Western blots, ruling out the presence of a significant endothelial pool of AQP4. In agreement, immunofluorescence analysis of cryostate sections and quantitative immunogold analysis of ultrathin sections revealed no AQP4 signals in capillary endothelia. Compared with litter controls, glial-conditional Aqp4 knockout mice showed a 31% reduction in brain water uptake after systemic hypoosmotic stress and a delayed postnatal resorption of brain water. Deletion of astroglial Aqp4 did not affect the barrier function to macromolecules. Our data suggest that the blood-brain barrier (BBB) is more complex than anticipated. Notably, under certain conditions, the astrocyte covering of brain microvessels is rate limiting to water movement.
Development of ETLARS Online Information Retrieval System (1986)

In this thesis, ETLARS online information retrieval system was developed. The development purpose of this system is to render information retrieval services to the researchers in Electronics and Telecommunications in a fast and exact manner.
The Dornier 328 Acoustic Test Cell (ATC) for interior noise tests and selected test results (1992)

To perform acoustic studies for achieving low noise levels for the Dornier 328, an acoustic test cell (ATC) of the Dornier 328 has been built. The ATC consists of a fuselage section, a realistic fuselage suspension system, and three exterior noise simulation rings. A complex digital 60 channel computer/amplifier noise generation system as well as multichannel digital data acquisition and evaluation system have been used. The noise control tests started with vibration measurements for supporting acoustic data interpretation. In addition, experiments have been carried out on dynamic vibration absorbers, the most important passive noise reduction measure for low frequency propeller noise. The design and arrangement of the current ATC are presented. Furthermore, exterior noise simulation as well as data acquisition are explained. The most promising results show noise reduction due to synchrophasing and dynamic vibration absorbers.