gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Digital Intermediate Frequency Receiver for Inter-vehicle Communications (2007)

This paper proposes a digital intermediate frequency (D-IF) receiver for inter-vehicle communications. Bandpass sampling is employed to lower the sampling rate. Appropriate selection of sampling rate and equivalent digital IF frequency results in a simplified Digital down converter (DDC). Meanwhile, the simplified DDC makes the combination of DDC and the following low pass filter (LPF) possible. This combination reduces the complexity. Unique word (UW) correlation is used to perform frame detection and frequency offset estimation. Finally, a Turbo decoder is employed to provide enough coding gain for combating fading.
Conservation of Regional Gene Expression in Mouse and Human Brain (2007)

Many neurodegenerative diseases have a hallmark regional and cellular pathology. Gene expression analysis of healthy tissues may provide clues to the differences that distinguish resistant and sensitive tissues and cell types. Comparative analysis of gene expression in healthy mouse and human brain provides a framework to explore the ability of mice to model diseases of the human brain. It may also aid in understanding brain evolution and the basis for higher order cognitive abilities. Here we compare gene expression profiles of human motor cortex, caudate nucleus, and cerebellum to one another and identify genes that are more highly expressed in one region relative to another. We separately perform identical analysis on corresponding brain regions from mice. Within each species, we find that the different brain regions have distinctly different expression profiles. Contrasting between the two species shows that regionally enriched genes in one species are generally regionally enriched genes in the other species. Thus, even when considering thousands of genes, the expression ratios in two regions from one species are significantly correlated with expression ratios in the other species. Finally, genes whose expression is higher in one area of the brain relative to the other areas, in other words genes with patterned expression, tend to have greater conservation of nucleotide sequence than more widely expressed genes. Together these observations suggest that region-specific genes have been conserved in the mammalian brain at both the sequence and gene expression levels. Given the general similarity between patterns of gene expression in healthy human and mouse brains, we believe it is reasonable to expect a high degree of concordance between microarray phenotypes of human neurodegenerative diseases and their mouse models. Finally, these data on very divergent species provide context for studies in more closely related species that address questions such as the origins of cognitive differences.
Stakeholder strategies for the physician executive. (1989)

If physician executives are to be effective in confronting the environmental turbulence and uncertainty facing their organizations, they must effectively manage their stakeholders. This article extends the stakeholder approach described in the May-June 1989 issue of Physician Executive as a tool for the physician executive in the development of practical strategies to cope with turbulence and uncertainty. We suggest four generic strategies physician executives can use: involve supportive stakeholders, monitor marginal stakeholders, defend against nonsupportive stakeholders, and collaborate with mixed-blessing stakeholders. As an overarching strategy, a physician executive should try to change the organization's relationships with a stakeholder from a less favorable category to a more favorable one. The stakeholder can then be managed using the generic strategy most appropriate for the category.
A multi-model based fault detection and diagnosis of internal sensors for mobile robot (2004)

A multi-model based approach to fault detection and diagnosis (FDD) of internal sensor for mobile robot is proposed. Three failure modes (hard failure mode, noise failure mode, and scale failure mode) of the sensor are handled; on the hard failure the sensor output is stuck at a constant value. The noise failure causes the sensor output with large noise. On the scale failure the gain (scale) of the sensor output differs from the normal. The detection and diagnosis of the hard/noise failure (HNFDD) is based on the variable structure interacting multiple-model (VSIMM) estimator; changes of the failure modes are modeled as switching from one mode to another in a probabilistic manner. The mode probabilities, which are estimated based on a bank of Kalman filters, provide the fault decision. The detection and diagnosis of the scale failure (SFDD) is achieved via single-model based Kalman filters, each of which is based on a model matching to a failure mode of particular sensors; the fault decision is made by comparing the model conditional estimates in the sensor gain. The proposed FDD algorithm is implemented on our skid-steered mobile robot with five internal sensors (four wheel-encoders and one yaw-rate gyro). Experimental results show the property of the FDD algorithm.
Adjacent channel interference in partial response continuous phase modulation systems with MSK-type receivers (1986)

Partial Response Continuous Phase Modulation (CPM) schemes employing simple sub-optimum receivers have found wide acceptance due to their compact spectra and comparable performance with other traditional modulation schemes. In this paper we study the Adjacent Channel Interference (ACI) in Partial Response CPM schemes employing MSK-type receivers. Signal to mean-square crosstalk ratio is evaluated as a function of channel spacing for various modulation schemes and receiver filters. These results are compared with those of MSK scheme employing optimum receiver to determine the improvement in ACI rejection offered by Partial Response schemes. Results show the importance of receiver filters in addition to the compactness of the transmitted spectra in assuring a low crosstalk.
Distributed electron cyclotron resonance in silicon processing: Epitaxy and etching (1990)

The microwave multipolar plasma (MMP) is confined by a multipolar magnetic field and excited by a 2.45 GHz microwave electric field. The distributed electron cyclotron resonance (DECR) excitation uses the confinement magnets to obtain the resonant magnetic field necessary for ECR excitation. The major MMP asset for surface treatment is a substantial ion flux under controlled and low energy (down to a few eV). Unlike conventional ECR, the DECR ion flux onto the substrate is homogeneous and not influenced by magnetic fields. Silicon homoepitaxy by SiH4 DECR is achieved in the 400–800 °C range. The substrate is cleaned by an H2 or Ar plasma before deposition. Control of the ion energy during cleaning and deposition is paramount. Above 600 °C the defect density drops from 1010 to 105 cm−2. N‐type As doped layers are obtained by adding AsH3 to the plasma. The growth rate is almost independent of temperature and doping level. Abrupt As profiles are obtained when the ion impact energy is adjusted to 50 eV. Recent etching work concerns the study of etch rate and anisotropy in the etching of Si and SiO2 by MMP’s of fluorinated gases and halogen mixtures, and the etching of polymers in oxygen‐based MMPs.
Quantum efficiency and linearity of 16 phosphors in the soft-x-ray regime (1992)

Phosphors have been used for decades in the conversion of soft x rays into visible photons for detection by solid-state devices or photomultipliers. However there have been few studies of the quantum efficiency or structure of phosphors in the soft-x-ray region. Here we present measurements of the quantum efficiency and flux linearity and discuss surface recombination-induced structure in 16 phosphors.
Simultaneous quantitative mapping of conductivity and susceptibility using a double‐echo ultrashort echo time sequence: Example using a hematoma evolution study (2015)

The proposed method can be useful for determining EM property changes (including those during hemorrhage) and providing additional information about the state of the blood. Magn Reson Med 76:214-221, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aeroacoustic and Aerodynamic Optimization of Aircraft Propeller Blades (2010)

Multidisciplinary and multi-objective optimization of transonic propeller blades is performed with Di erential Evolution. The optimization process relies on the combined use of an Arti cial Neural Network metamodel to allow spreading of the process over large numbers of generations as well as individuals, and of RANS simulations in order to safeguard the accuracy. The optimization parameters comprise the control points of b-spline parameterizations of the radial distributions of sweep, twist, chord and thickness as well as the points controlling the shape of the two airfoils used to manufacture the blade. The optimization results are discussed in terms of aerodynamic and aeroacoustic performance.
Rapid Identification of Dengue Virus by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction Using Field-Deployable Instrumentation (2005)

Dengue virus universal and dengue serotype 1 to 4, fluorogenic probe hydrolysis (TaqMan), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays were developed for screening and serotype identification of infected mosquito vectors and human sera using a field-deployable, fluorometric thermocycler. Dengue universal and dengue 1 to 4 serotype assay in vitro sensitivity and specificity results were 100% concordant when tested with total nucleic acid extracts of multiple strains of dengue serotype 1 to 4, yellow fever, Japanese encephalitis, West Nile, and St. Louis encephalitis viruses. The in vitro sensitivity and specificity results for all five assays were concordant when tested with a blind panel of 27 dengue virus-infected mosquitoes, 21 non-dengue (yellow fever, West Nile, or St. Louis encephalitis) flavivirus-infected mosquitoes, and 11 uninfected mosquitoes and with clinical specimens consisting of a human serum panel of eight dengue viremic and 31 non-dengue-infected febrile patient serum samples. No cross-reaction occurred with vector species or human genomic DNA. Sample processing and polymerase chain reaction required <2 hours.
A Study of Reuse and Plagiarism in LREC papers (2016)

International audience
Hydrothermally stable heterogeneous catalysts for conversion of biorenewables (2014)

This review addresses changes in the physical structure of heterogeneous catalysts used for biomass conversion carried out in the aqueous phase with increasing severity.
Parallel Synthesis of Diarylureas and Their Evaluation as Inhibitors of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor (2006)

Diarylurea (DAU) compounds, particularly species composed of a heteroaryl ring system conjugated through a urea linkage to a substituted arene, were previously identified by the screening of a diverse chemical library to be active against the insulin growth factor receptor (IGF-1R). DAU compounds 4{a,b} were synthesized in parallel by the coupling of aryl amines 2{a} with aryl isocyanates 3{b}. Preparative RP-HPLC purification was found necessary to remove an impurity 5{b}, the symmetric urea resulting from the hydrolytic degradation of aryl isocyanates. Two libraries of DAU compounds were prepared to perform preliminary optimization of the two-ring systems for inhibitory activity against IGF-1R. In the first library, we explored a series of heteroaryl ring systems and found the 4-aminoquinaldine ring system to be optimal among those evaluated. The second library fixed the 4-aminoquinaldine ring system and we evaluated a series of substituted arenes conjugated to it. Overall, eight compounds based on the 4-aminoquinaldine heteroaryl system were found to have moderate activity against IGF-1R with IC(50) values better than 40 microM.
An active RC elliptic function filter. (1966)

Low pass elliptic function filter fabricated from RC network and low gain voltage amplifier
Use of directed acyclic graph analysis in generating instructions for multiple users (2001)

Directed acyclic graphs are a common method of representing groups of tasks that have an underlying partial order. Graphs have the advantage of easily representing nonlinear relationships, but relationships between groups of tasks may go unnoticed as a group of tasks becomes large. Textual instructions have the advantage of allowing explicit reference to tasks or groups of tasks, but they do not facilitate users working in parallel. We present the use of directed acyclic graph analysis as a means of overcoming this problem. We use this as a means of text planning, producing instruction output that embodies the advantages of both graphical and textual representations.
Immunoglobulin Fc Fragment Tagging Allows Strong Activation of Endogenous CD4 T Cells To Reshape the Tumor Milieu and Enhance the Antitumor Effect of Lentivector Immunization (2012)

A major problem with current cancer vaccines is that the induction of CD8 immune responses is rarely associated with antitumor benefits, mainly owing to multiple immune suppressions in established tumor lesions. In this study, we investigated if and how activation of endogenous CD4 T cells could be achieved to influence the suppressive tumor milieu and antitumor effect. We engineered a lentivector (lv) to express a nominal fusion Ag composed of hepatitis B surface protein and IgG2a Fc fragment (HBS-Fc-lv) to increase the magnitude of CD8 response but, more importantly, to induce effective coactivation of CD4 T cells. We found that, remarkably, immunization with HBS-Fc-lv caused significant regression of established tumors. Immunologic analysis revealed that, compared with HBS-lv without Fc fragment, immunization with HBS-Fc-lv markedly increased the number of functional CD8 and CD4 T cells and the level of Th1/Tc1-like cytokines in the tumor while substantially decreasing the regulatory T cell ratio. The favorable immunologic changes in tumor lesions and the improvement of antitumor effects from HBS-Fc-lv immunization were dependent on the CD4 activation, which was Fc receptor mediated. Adoptive transfer of CD4 T cells from the HBS-Fc-lv-immunized mice could activate endogenous CD8 T cells in an IFN-γ-dependent manner. We conclude that endogenous CD4 T cells can be activated by lv expressing Fc-tagged Ag to provide another layer of help--that is, creating a Th1/Tc1-like proinflammatory milieu within the tumor lesion to boost the effector phase of immune responses in enhancing the antitumor effect.
Biology of CD34<sup>+</sup>CD38<sup>-</sup>Cells in Lymphohematopoiesis (1998)

Since the discovery of the CD34 stem/progenitor cell antigen, considerable progress has been made in further purifying human lymphohematopoietic stem cells (HSC). These studies have identified a number of antigens which can be targeted to subfractionate the CD34+ cell population. In particular, several lines of evidence suggest that the rare CD38(-)subpopulation of CD34+ cells may be enriched in HSC. This review briefly summarizes relevant knowledge concerning the CD38 molecule and the results of in vitro and in vivo studies of CD34+38(-)cells. Possible clinical uses for purified CD34+38(-)cells are outlined.
Comparative Study of Three Methods to Detect Free Plasma Antiplatelet Antibodies (1996)

We have compared three techniques for the detection of plasma circulating antiplatelet antibodies, i.e., the platelet suspension immunofluorescence test (PSIFT), the platelet radioactive antiglobulin test (PRAT), and the monoclonal antibody immobilization of platelet antigens (MAIPA). Frozen plasma samples from patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura or HIV-associated thrombocytopenia were used in the study. The PSIFT and PRAT showed the appropriate ease of performance necessary for screening purposes. The PSIFT is free of radioactivity hazards, but seemed to be less sensitive than the PRAT. The MAIPA is a useful tool to detect antibodies against glycoproteins (GPs) Ib/IX and IIb/IIIa. However, in comparison to PSIFT and PRAT, MAIPA is more time consuming, requires considerable technical expertise, and the identification of antiplatelet activity is highly dependent on the selection of an appropriate primary anti-GP monoclonal antibody. This could explain the lower prevalence of antiplatelet activity detected by MAIPA, in comparison to the frequency provided by the PSIFT and PRAT.
Potential allergens stimulate the release of mediators of the allergic response from cells of mast cell lineage in the absence of sensitization with antigen‐specific IgE (1996)

A number of structurally diverse antigens preferentially stimulate the synthesis of IgE antibodies, but no unifying principle has been proposed that explains the nature of isotype selection. In the present study, we show that common allergens present in bee venom, house dust mite emanations and parasite proteins induce mast cell and basophil degranulation and stimulate interleukin-4 synthesis, and secretion in the absence of antigen-specific IgE. These data point to a linkage between the initial activation of cells of the innate immune system and subsequent adaptive immune responses. They suggest that IgE-independent mast cell and basophil degranulation is predictive of potential allergenicity and can be evaluated by means of a cellular assay. Our study indicates that non-immunological degranulation by prototypic allergens, such as bee venom phospholipase A2 or proteases associated with house dust mite emanations, is critically dependent on enzymatic activity. These findings have potentially important implications for vaccine design in allergic and parasitic disease.
Foveated imaging for near-eye displays (2018)

The angular resolution of current near-eye display devices is still far below human-eye acuity. How to achieve retina-level resolution while keeping wide field-of-view (FOV) remains a great challenge. In this work, we demonstrate a multi-resolution foveated display with two display panels and an optical combiner. The first display panel provides a wide FOV but relatively low resolution for the surrounding region, while the second one offers an ultra-high resolution for the central fovea region, by an optical minifying system which enhances the effective resolution by 5 ×. In addition, a switchable Pancharatnam-Berry phase deflector is employed to shift the high-resolution region. The proposed design effectively reduces the pixelation and screen-door effect in near-eye displays.
Scalable multi-objective optimization test problems (2003)

After adequately demonstrating the ability to solve different two-objective optimization problems, multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) must show their efficacy in handling problems having more than two objectives. In this paper, we suggest three different approaches for systematically designing test problems for this purpose. The simplicity of construction, scalability to any number of decision variables and objectives, knowledge of exact shape and location of the resulting Pareto-optimal front, and ability to control difficulties in both converging to the true Pareto-optimal front and maintaining a widely distributed set of solutions are the main features of the suggested test problems. Because of these features, they should be useful in various research activities on MOEAs, such as testing the performance of a new MOEA, comparing different MOEAs, and having a better understanding of the working principles of MOEAs.
Metaproteomic and metagenomic analyses of defined oceanic microbial populations using microwave cell fixation and flow cytometric sorting (2010)

A major obstacle in the molecular investigation of natural, especially oceanic, microbial cells is their adequate preservation for further land-based molecular analyses. Here, we examined the use of microwaves for cell fixation before high-speed flow cytometric sorting to define the metaproteomes and metagenomes of key microbial populations. The microwave fixation procedure was established using cultures of Synechococcus cyanobacteria, the photosynthetic eukaryote Micromonas pusilla and the gammaproteobacterium Halomonas variabilis. Shotgun proteomic analyses showed that the profile of microwave-fixed and -unfixed Synechococcus sp. WH8102 cells was the same, and hence proteome identification of microwave-fixed sorted cells by nanoLC-MS/MS is possible. Microwave-fixed flow-sorted Synechococcus cells can also be successfully used for whole-genome amplification and fosmid library construction. We then carried out successful metaproteomic and metagenomic analyses of microwave-fixed Synechococcus cells flow sorted from concentrates of microbial cells, collected in the North Atlantic Ocean. Thus, the microwave fixation procedure developed appears to be useful for molecular studies of microbial populations in aquatic ecosystems.
Embedded system protection from software corruption (2010)

As Embedded Systems are being network enabled, allowing for remote updates and data sharing, software corruption has become a major concern. Security protection has mostly been overlooked. Software corruption can simplistically be considered as unauthorized instructions that are executed within the system. This can occur through behaviorally modified instruction code introduced via new software installation, updates, or application input data (such as buffer overflows). We introduce a vault architecture that prevents the insertion of software corruptions for embedded systems that allow remote access. Simulation results for the vault architecture are provided.
Nitric oxide potentiates hydrogen peroxide-induced killing of Escherichia coli. (1995)

Previously, we reported that nitric oxide (NO) provides significant protection to mammalian cells from the cytotoxic effects of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Murine neutrophils and activated macrophages, however, produce NO, H2O2, and other reactive oxygen species to kill microorganisms, which suggests a paradox. In this study, we treated bacteria (Escherichia coli) with NO and H2O2 for 30 min and found that exposure to NO resulted in minimal toxicity, but greatly potentiated (up to 1,000-fold) H2O2-mediated killing, as evaluated by a clonogenic assay. The combination of NO/H2O2 induced DNA double strand breaks in the bacterial genome, as shown by field-inverted gel electrophoresis, and this increased DNA damage may correlate with cell killing. NO was also shown to alter cellular respiration and decrease the concentration of the antioxidant glutathione to a residual level of 15-20% in bacterial cells. The iron chelator desferrioxamine did not stop the action of NO on respiration and glutathione decrease, yet it prevented the NO/H2O2 synergistic cytotoxicity, implicating metal ions as critical participants in the NO/H2O2 cytocidal mechanism. Our results suggest a possible mechanism of modulation of H2O2-mediated toxicity, and we propose a new key role in the antimicrobial macrophagic response for NO.