gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Teaching the SIMD execution model: (2003)

This paper gives an overview of what the SIMD (single-instruction/multiple-data) parallel execution model is, and provides an approach for presenting it to undergraduate students. We specifically propose a few assembly language idioms and programming projects which we have successfully used in the past to teach this non-trivial topic.
Modification of vortex interactions in a reattaching separated flow (1986)

Recent experimental observations have shown that large-scale organized vortices are produced in reattaching separated flows. Interactions between these vortices are important in the development of these flows downstream. Experimental studies from a downstream-fac ing step flow are presented to demonstrate that substantial changes in a reattaching flow can be produced by controlled forcing techniques. The forcing apparently works by affecting the vortex merging process in a fashion similar to that observed in forced mixinglayer experiments. The separated mean flow spreading rate could be increased most effectively by forcing at a nondimensional frequency (based on step height and freestream velocity) between 0.2 and 0.4. This result was found to be relatively independent of step Reynolds numbers over the range (26,000-76,000) studied. A significant decrease in the reattachment length accompanied the increased growth of the separated shear layer. Considerable changes in the turbulence energy and the Reynolds stress levels were also observed for the forced flows.
Log-Logistic Analysis of Herbicide Dose-Response Relationships (1995)

Dose-response studies are an important tool in weed science. The use of such studies has become especially prevalent following the widespread development of herbicide resistant weeds. In the past, analyses of dose-response studies have utilized various types of transformations and equations which can be validated with several statistical techniques. Most dose-response analysis methods 1) do not accurately describe data at the extremes of doses and 2) do not provide a proper statistical test for the difference(s) between two or more dose-response curves. Consequently, results of dose-response studies are analyzed and reported in a great variety of ways, and comparison of results among various researchers is not possible. The objective of this paper is to review the principles involved in dose-response research and explain the log-logistic analysis of herbicide dose-response relationships. In this paper the log-logistic model is illustrated using a nonlinear computer analysis of experimental data. The log-logistic model is an appropriate method for analyzing most dose-response studies. This model has been used widely and successfully in weed science for many years in Europe. The log-logistic model possesses several clear advantages over other analysis methods and the authors suggest that it should be widely adopted as a standard herbicide dose-response analysis method.
Tenascin-C Stimulates Glioma Cell Invasion through Matrix Metalloproteinase-12 (2006)

The capacity of glioma cells to invade extensively within the central nervous system is a major cause of the high morbidity rate of primary malignant brain tumors. Glioma cell invasion involves the attachment of tumor cells to extracellular matrix (ECM), degradation of ECM components, and subsequent penetration into adjacent brain structures. These processes are accomplished in part by matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) within a three-dimensional milieu of the brain parenchyma. As the majority of studies have used a two-dimensional monolayer culture system, we have used a three-dimensional matrix of collagen type I gel to address glioma-secreted proteases, ECM, and invasiveness of glioma cells. We show that in a three-dimensional collagen type I matrix, the presence of tenascin-C, commonly elevated in high-grade gliomas, increased the invasiveness of glioma cells. The tenascin-C-mediated invasiveness was blocked by metalloproteinase inhibitors, but this did not involve the gelatinases (MMP-2 and MMP-9) commonly implicated in two-dimensional glioma growth. A thorough analysis of 21 MMPs and six members of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain showed that MMP-12 was increased in gliomas by tenascin-C in three-dimensional matrix. Furthermore, examinations of resected specimens revealed high MMP-12 levels in the high-grade glioblastoma multiforme tumors. Finally, a function-blocking antibody as well as small interfering RNA to MMP-12 attenuated the tenascin-C-stimulated glioma invasion. These results identify a new factor, MMP-12, in regulating glioma invasiveness through interaction with tenascin-C.
Clinical supervision UK style: Good for nurses and nursing? (2001)

British nursing has presented a particular view of clinical supervision and has made its availability an essential requirement for all nurses in the United Kingdom (UK). Through a plethora of literature, this view of clinical supervision has become widespread, as has the notion that it is good for nurses and nursing. In this paper, utilising a Foucauldian approach to discourse, power-knowledge and clinical gaze, I radically interrogate this seemingly unproblematic conceptualisation of clinical supervision and its rising popularity and influence.
OPTICAL AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF NITROGEN DOPED ZnO THIN FILMS PREPARED BY LOW COST SPRAY PYROLYSIS TECHNIQUE (2015)

Nitrogen doped p type ZnO films are prepared by a simple and low cost spray pyrolysis technique for various precursor solution concentration with air as carrier gas. The optical constants such as refractive index (n) and extinction coefficient (k), band gap, and the electrical properties of the prepared thin films are measured. The band gap of the thin films is calculated using the optical spectrum which is in the range of 3 eV to 3.2 eV. From the electrical properties, it is found that the electrical resistivity of the thin films is in the range of 1.649-2.063 Ωcm. The Hall Effect measurement confirms that the grown films were p type.
Nature of the tumor-associated determinant(s) of carcinoembryonic antigen. (1975)

The carbohydrate moiety of carcinoembryonic antigen could be sequentially degraded by repeated cycles of periodate oxidation, reduction, and mild acid hydrolysis (Smith degradation). After three complete degradations, all fucose and sialic acid, 80% of the galactose, 65% of the mannose, and about 40% of the N-acetylglucosamine were eliminated without impairing the ability of degraded carcinoembryonic antigen to react with specific antisera against the antigen. Inhibition studies in a carcinoembryonic antigen/rabbit anti-carcinoembryonic antigen precipitating system with oligosaccharides covering previously known internal structures of glycoproteins and presumably corresponding to the internal carbohydrate region of the antigen, demonstrated that none of the compounds tested was inhibitory. Nor could any inhibitory effect on the binding of carcinoembryonic antigen to antibody against the antigen in a radioimmunoassay system be domonstrated for the carbohydrate moiety prepared by hydrazinolysis or the glyco peptide fraction isolated after papain degradation of the antigen. However, if carcinoembryonic antigen is completely reduced and alkylated, with three intrachain disulfide bonds cleaved per 10-5 g, the immunological activity is reduced to 3-5% of untreated antigen. Furthermore, treatment of the antigen with 0.5 NaOH at 20 degrees for 2 hr completely abolished its ability to react with antiserum, whereas its ability to precipitate with a series of lectins was unchanged. No release of low-molecular-weight carbohydrate orchange in sugar composition of alkali-treated antigen was observed. Our tentative conclusion is that the carbohydrate moiety of carcinoembryonic antigen does not contain the tumor-associated determinant(s).
Constraint analysis: a design process for specifying operations on objects (1990)

A design process for an object-oriented database design environment, known as constraint analysis, is presented. Given the increased level of semantics associated with an object-oriented database schema, constraint analysis makes use of semantics expressed as database constraints to support the flexible specification of propagation actions for operations on objects. Constraints are formally represented using Horn logic. The constraint analysis process then reasons about constraints at design time to help the designer understand the effects of constraints on object manipulation, identifying possible constraint violations as well as design alternatives for handling violations. An advantage of constraint analysis is that both inherent and explicit schema constraints are included in the analysis process. A formal representation is given that supports the analysis of constraints and the automatic identification of design alternatives for responding to constraint violations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Solution Structure of an Active Mini-Proinsulin, M2PI: Inter-chain Flexibility is Crucial for Insulin Activity (2000)

M2PI is an active single chain mini-proinsulin with a 9-residue linker containing the turn-forming sequence 'YPGDV' between the B- and A-chains, but which retains about 50% of native insulin receptor binding activity. The refolding efficiency of M2PI is higher than proinsulin by 20-40% at alkaline pH, and native insulin is generated by the enzymatic conversion of M2PI. The solution structure of M2PI was determined by NMR spectroscopy. The global structure of M2PI is similar to that of native insulin, but the flexible linker between the B- and A-chains perturbed the N-terminal A-chain and C-terminal B-chain. The helix in the N-terminal A-chain is partly perturbed and the -turn in the B-chain is disrupted in M2PI. However, the linker between the two chains was completely disordered indicating that the designed turn was not formed under the experimental conditions (20% acetic acid). Considering the fact that an insulin analogue, directly cross-linked between the C-terminus of the B-chain and the N-terminus of the A-chain, has negligible binding activity, a flexible linker between the two chains is sufficient to keep binding activity of M2PI, but the perturbed secondary structures are detrimental to receptor binding.
σ<sup>M</sup>, an ECF RNA polymerase sigma factor of <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> 168, is essential for growth and survival in high concentrations of salt (1999)

The Bacillus subtilis 168 genome encodes seven extracytoplasmic function (ECF) RNA polymerase sigma factors of unknown physiological function. The sigM(yhdM) gene, encoding an ECF sigma factor sigma M, is essential for growth and survival in nutrient broth (NB) containing 1.4 M NaCl. Strains insertionally inactivated in the sigM gene form aberrantly shaped cells, which swell and lyse spontaneously during growth in NB medium containing increased levels (0.35-0.7 M) of a wide range of different salts. The sigM gene was co-transcribed with the yhdL and yhdK genes with transcription initiating from two promoters, PA and PM. The transcript from PM was not detected in a sigM mutant, indicating that the expression of sigM was positively autoregulated. Expression of sigM was maximal during exponential growth and was increased by 50% in NB medium containing 0.7 M NaCl. The activity of sigma M is negatively regulated by the proteins encoded by the yhdL and yhdK genes.
A Gi-dependent Pathway Is Required for Activation of the Small GTPase Rap1B in Human Platelets (2002)

Stimulation of human platelets by cross-linking of the low affinity receptor for immunoglobulin, FcgammaRIIA, caused the rapid activation of the small GTPase Rap1B, as monitored by accumulation of the GTP-bound form of the protein. This process was totally dependent on the action of secreted ADP since it was completely prevented in the presence of either apyrase or creatine phosphate and creatine phosphokinase. Dose-dependent experiments revealed that the inhibitory effect of ADP scavengers was not related to the reduced increase of cytosolic Ca(2+) concentration in stimulated platelets. Activation of Rap1B induced by clustering of FcgammaRIIA was totally suppressed by AR-C69931MX, a specific antagonist of the G(i)-coupled ADP receptor P2Y12, but was not affected by blockade of the G(q)-coupled receptor, P2Y1. Similarly, direct stimulation of platelets with ADP induced the rapid activation of Rap1B. Pharmacological blockade of the P2Y1 receptor totally prevented ADP-induced Ca(2+) mobilization but did not affect activation of Rap1B. By contrast, prevention of ADP binding to the P2Y12 receptor totally suppressed activation of Rap1B without affecting Ca(2+) signaling. In platelets stimulated by cross-linking of FcgammaRIIA, inhibition of Rap1B activation by ADP scavengers could be overcome by the simultaneous recruitment of the G(i)-coupled alpha(2A)-adrenergic receptor by epinephrine. By contrast, serotonin, which binds to a G(q)-coupled receptor, could not restore activation of Rap1B. When tested alone, epinephrine was found to be able to induce GTP binding to Rap1B, whereas serotonin produced only a slight effect. Finally, activation of Rap1B induced by stimulation of the G(q)-coupled thromboxane A(2) receptor by was completely inhibited by ADP scavengers under conditions in which intracellular Ca(2+) mobilization was unaffected. Inhibition of -induced Rap1B activation was also observed upon blockade of the P2Y12 but not of the P2Y1 receptor for ADP. These results demonstrate that stimulation of a G(i)-dependent signaling pathway by either ADP of epinephrine is necessary and sufficient to activate the small GTPase Rap1B.
ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES PUBLIC MARKET (2011)

Abstract. Needs of people and communities in which they live are met through consumption of goods and services. They are very diverse and can be produced and provided under competitive market forces, or under public authorities, which are not fully subject to market laws. Given these issues, goods and services are divided into public and private. It is understood, however, that more goods and services can be produced and provided, of course in varying proportions, both public and private sector. Some of them, for good reasons, are produced and supplied only by the public sector often assimilated state sector, which in some cases indefensible. The contemporary state is, however, undeniably a reality-portability, it has certain features, made more or less uniform, which used to carry out goods and services produced or provided by its specific institutions, but also purchased the private sector. Services rendered and provided by state institutions fall into the category of administrative services. This study aims to address certain aspects of administrative services to the public market, considering that this is a general interest if they are considering the implications of the existence of public sector in society and its interaction with the private sector.
Explicit design of general high-order FLF OTA-Cfilters (1999)

Explicit design equations for the realisation of general high-order transfer functions with multiple integrator loop feedback OTA-grounded capacitor filters based on the follow-the-leader-feedback scheme are presented.
Differential cytokine mRNA expression in heterophils isolated from <i>Salmonella</i>‐resistant and ‐susceptible chickens (2004)

We recently showed that increased in vitro heterophil functional efficiency translates to increased in vivo resistance to a systemic Salmonella enteritidis (SE) infection utilizing a parental pair of broiler chickens (lines A and B) and the F1 reciprocal crosses (C and D). Heterophils produce cytokines and modulate acute protection against Salmonella in young poultry. Therefore, we hypothesize that heterophils from SE-resistant chickens (A and D) have the ability to produce an up-regulated pro-inflammatory cytokine response compared to that of heterophils from SE-susceptible chickens (B and C). In this study, heterophils were isolated from day-old chickens and treated with either RPMI-1640 (as the control), or phagocytic agonists (SE, or SE opsonized with either normal chicken serum or immune serum against SE) and cytokine mRNA expression assessed using real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Heterophils from SE-resistant chickens (A and D) had significantly higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokine (interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-18) mRNA expression upon treatment with all agonists compared to heterophils from SE-susceptible lines (B and C). Further, heterophils from SE-resistant chickens had significantly decreased mRNA expression levels of transforming growth factor-beta4, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, when compared to heterophils from SE-susceptible chickens. These data indicate cytokine gene expression in heterophils may be a useful parameter in determining resistance to Salmonella, as indicated by our previous in vivo SE studies. Therefore, heterophil functional efficiency and cytokine production may be useful biomarkers for poultry breeders to consider when developing new immunocompetent lines of birds.
Single-Stage Seawater Desalting with Thin-Film Composite Membrane Elements (1985)

To simplify system design and reduce capital and operating costs, Fluid Systems has developed spiral-wound, reverse osmosis membrane elements for producing potable water from seawater using a single-stage system. The elements contain a high salt rejection, thin-film composite (TFC) membrane and are fabricated in a close-coupled configuration to maximize productivity. The performance of commercial-size elements has been monitored at a seawater pilot plant since September 1983. The single-stage desalting capability of the elements (rejection > 99.5%) is demonstrated at pH 4-6.5 and for the duration of testing in terms of constant membrane salt passage. Single-stage elements display a high, stable productivity comparable to first-stage elements in two-stage systems. Productivity stability is explained by a new flux decline model.
Nanomechanical Motion Transducers for Miniaturized Mechanical Systems (2017)

Reliable operation of a miniaturized mechanical system requires that nanomechanical motion be transduced into electrical signals (and vice versa) with high fidelity and in a robust manner. Progress in transducer technologies is expected to impact numerous emerging and future applications of micro- and, especially, nanoelectromechanical systems (MEMS and NEMS); furthermore, high-precision measurements of nanomechanical motion are broadly used to study fundamental phenomena in physics and biology. Therefore, development of nanomechanical motion transducers with high sensitivity and bandwidth has been a central research thrust in the fields of MEMS and NEMS. Here, we will review recent progress in this rapidly-advancing area.
Inhibitors of melanogenesis increase toxicity of cyclophosphamide and lymphocytes against melanoma cells (2008)

High mortality rate for metastatic melanoma is related to its resistant to the current methods of therapy. Melanogenesis is a metabolic pathway characteristic for normal and malignant melanocytes that can affect the behavior of melanoma cells or its surrounding environment. Human melanoma cells in which production of melanin pigment is dependent on tyrosine levels in medium were used for experiments. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were derived from the buffy coats purchased from Lifeblood Biological Services. Cell pigmentation was evaluated macroscopically, and tyrosinase activity was measured spectrophotometrically. Cell proliferation and viability were measured using lactate dehydrogenase release MTT, [(3)H]-thymidine incorporation and DNA content analyses, and gene expression was measured by real time RT-PCR. Pigmented melanoma cells were significantly less sensitive to cyclophosphamide and to killing action of IL-2-activated peripheral blood lymphocytes. The inhibition of melanogenesis by either blocking tyrosinase catalytic site or chelating copper ions sensitized melanoma cells towards cytotoxic action of cyclophosphamide, and amplified immunotoxic activities of IL-2 activated lymphocytes. Exogenous L-DOPA inhibited lymphocyte proliferation producing the cell cycle arrest in G1/0 and dramatically inhibited the production of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-6 and IL-10. Thus, the active melanogenesis could not only impair the cytotoxic action of cyclophosphamid but also has potent immunosuppressive properties. This resistance to a chemotherapeutic agent or immunotoxic activity of lymphocytes could be reverted by the action of tyrosinase inhibitors. Thus, the inhibition of melanogenesis might represent a valid therapeutic target for the management of advanced melanotic melanomas.
Evaluation of Pyrrolidin‐2‐imines and 1,3‐Thiazolidin‐2‐imines as Inhibitors of Nitric Oxide Synthase. (2004)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Compound Palmar Ganglion: A Case Report (2012)

Compound palmar ganglion or tuberculous tenosynovitis of flexor tendons of wrist and hand is a rare disease. The incidence of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis including musculoskeletal system has also increased with re-emergence of tuberculosis due to increase in HIV / AIDS cases. We are presenting a case of 16 year old boy who present with a dumbbell shaped fluctuating swelling between flexor surface of right wrist and palm without any previous or present history of pulmonary tuberculosis /contact and trauma. Radiographic and laboratory finding were normal except raised ESR and strongly positive montouxe test. Patient was managed by open biopsy with excision of thickened synovium and removal of multiple rice bodies or melon seeds and sample send for histopathological examination. Histopathological report showed caseous necrosis and epithelial granuloma along with Langhans type giant cell, staining for AFB was negative. ATT was given to patient for 9 months with regular follow-up. Patient gained full range of motion in wrist in five month and there is no underlying disorder in last follow-up at one and half year. The tuberculous tenosynovitis is rare but must be kept in mind as differential diagnosis of chronic tenosynovitis.
Model inversion via multi-fidelity Bayesian optimization: a new paradigm for parameter estimation in haemodynamics, and beyond (2016)

We present a computational framework for model inversion based on multi-fidelity information fusion and Bayesian optimization. The proposed methodology targets the accurate construction of response surfaces in parameter space, and the efficient pursuit to identify global optima while keeping the number of expensive function evaluations at a minimum. We train families of correlated surrogates on available data using Gaussian processes and auto-regressive stochastic schemes, and exploit the resulting predictive posterior distributions within a Bayesian optimization setting. This enables a smart adaptive sampling procedure that uses the predictive posterior variance to balance the exploration versus exploitation trade-off, and is a key enabler for practical computations under limited budgets. The effectiveness of the proposed framework is tested on three parameter estimation problems. The first two involve the calibration of outflow boundary conditions of blood flow simulations in arterial bifurcations using multi-fidelity realizations of one- and three-dimensional models, whereas the last one aims to identify the forcing term that generated a particular solution to an elliptic partial differential equation.