gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cold atmospheric plasma discharged in water and its potential use in cancer therapy (2016)

Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) has been emerged as a novel technology for cancer treatment. CAP can directly treat cells and tissue but such direct application is limited to skin or can be invoked as a supplement during open surgery. In this study we report indirect plasma treatment using CAP discharged in DI water using three gases as carriers (argon, helium and nitrogen). Plasma stimulated water was applied to human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). MTT assay tests showed that using argon plasma had the strongest effect on inducing apoptosis in cultured human breast cancer cells. This result is attributed to the elevated production of the reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species in water in the case of argon plasma.
Agalsidase alfa – a preparation for enzyme replacement therapy in Anderson–Fabry disease (2002)

Anderson-Fabry disease is an X-linked multisystemic disorder caused by a genetic deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme a-galactosidase A. The enzyme is responsible for degradation of glycolipids inside the lysosomes. Lack of catalytic activity leads to progressive depositions of undegraded glycolipids in a large number of organs. Crises of severe pain in the extremities (acroparesthesias), hypohidrosis, corneal opacities and dysfunction of several organs (kidney, brain, heart) are the leading symptoms in patients with Anderson-Fabry disease. Females may have the same symptoms as males but to a more variable degree. The variable manifestations seen in heterozygotes can be explained by the Lyon hypothesis. This hypothesis predicts that in X-linked diseases, the carriers are a mosaic of normal and mutant cells in varying proportions and hence have variable expression. As in Gaucher's disease, enzyme replacement therapy recently became available for Anderson-Fabry disease. Two drugs have gained approval in the EU by the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products. These are agalsidase beta (Fabrazyme, Genzyme Corporation) and agalsidase alfa (Replagal, Transkaryotic Therapies, Inc.). This review will describe clinical efficacy, safety and tolerability of agalsidase alfa.
Effects of Properties in Seismic Data on Reservoir Characterization and Consequent Fluid-Flow Predictions When Integrated With Well Logs (1992)

ABSTRACT A reservoir model was generated to quantify the enhancements in reservoir description resulting from the incorporation of seismically-derived information with well-based data and to study how the quality of the seismic data affects those reservoir descriptions. The reservoir model was created from 56 well logs with a predetermined spatial correlation using geostatistical techniques. A regular grid of traces was extracted from this model and transformed into 3D seismic surveys which were then inverted to produce acoustic impedance logs. Several seismic data parameters such as frequency bandwidth, waveform phase estimation error, and correlation coefficient between seismic and well data were varied to study their relative importance on reservoir description and subsequent flow results. These differing seismic datasets were finally integrated with the original well-log data again using geostatistical methods. Comparative fluid displacements were performed on all reservoir realizations using an all-purpose flow simulator to quantify the flow behavior differences. The results, based on breakthrough time and oil recovery predictions, show that even marginal increases in frequency bandwidth (e.g., increases of 10 Hz in the upper frequency) provide significant enhancements to the reservoir model. Also, estimation of waveform phase to within ±20° of the true value is shown to be sufficient to capture much of the interwell heterogeneity contributed by the seismic data and thus does not significantly affect fluid-flow results. Finally, even for correlation coefficients as low as 0.4, which initially was considered quite low, sufficient positive contribution from the seismic data still warrants integrating it with the well-log data.
MODULATION OF MDR-1 GENE IN HUMAN BREAST CANCER CELLS BY SODIUM BUTYRATE AND DMSO (2001)

Objective: To analyze the regulation effect of MDR-1 gene inhuman breast cancer cell by the differentiating agents, sodium butyrate and dimethyl sulfoxide. Methods: 1. A sensitive assay, RT-PCR, was used to measure the mRNA level before and after the treatment of sodium butyrate, DMSO, using b -actin as control; 2. Evaluated the effect of sodium butyrate, DMSO on MDR-1 gene expression of human breast cancer at the protein level by immunoflow cytometry; 3. P-glycoprotein function was examined after accumulation of the fluorescent drug, Phodamine-123, by flow cytometry; 4. Chemosensitivity to doxorubicin was analyzed using the MTT assay. Results: Sodium butyrate and DMSO were found to increase the MDR characteristics on MDR-1 gene, MDR-1 expression levels, P-glycoprotein function and chemosensitivity to doxorubicin. Conclusion: sodium butyrate, DMSO can modulate the MDR-1 gene at gene level, protein level, protein function level and cell level.
Compact Packing of Lipocalin-type Prostaglandin D Synthase Induced by Binding of Lipophilic Ligands (2008)

Lipocalin-type prostaglandin (PG) D synthase (L-PGDS) is a multi-functioning protein belonging to the lipocalin family, acting as a PGD(2)-synthesizing enzyme and as an extracellular transporter for small lipophilic molecules. In the present study, to clarify the conformational changes of lipocalin proteins induced by binding of lipophilic ligands, such as all-trans-retinoic acid (RA), bilirubin (BR) and biliverdin (BV), we measured small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) of L-PGDS and that of two other lipocalins, beta-lactoglobulin (betaLG) and retinol-binding protein (RBP). L-PGDS bound all three ligands with high affinity, while betaLG and RBP could bind only RA. The radius of gyration was estimated to be 19.4 A for L-PGDS, and 18.8 A for L-PGDS/RA, 17.3 A for L-PGDS/BR and 17.8 A for L-PGDS/BV complexes, indicating that L-PGDS became compact after binding of these ligands. Alternatively, the radius of gyration of betaLG and RBP was 20.3 and 26.2 A, respectively, and was almost the same before and after RA binding. Based on the SAXS data, we found that the compact packing upon binding ligands is a special feature of L-PGDS and it may be ascribed to the conformational flexibility of L-PGDS molecule itself, which underlies the high-affinity for its ligands.
Protective effects of melatonin against oxidative stress in Fmr1 knockout mice: a therapeutic research model for the fragile X syndrome (2009)

Fragile X syndrome is the most common form of inherited mental retardation. It is typically caused by a mutation of the Fragile X mental-retardation 1 (Fmr1) gene. To better understand the role of the Fmr1 gene and its gene product, the fragile X mental-retardation protein in central nervous system functions, an fmr1 knockout mouse that is deficient in the fragile X mental-retardation protein was bred. In the present study, fragile X mental retardation 1-knockout and wild-type mice are used to determine behaviour and oxidative stress alterations, including reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances, before and after chronic treatment with melatonin or tianeptine. Reduced glutathione levels were reduced in the brain of fmr1-knockout mice and chronic melatonin treatment normalized the glutathione levels compared with the control group. Lipid peroxidation was elevated in brain and testes of fmr1-knockout mice and chronic melatonin treatment prevents lipid peroxidation in both tissues. Interestingly, chronic treatment with melatonin alleviated the altered parameters in the fmr1-knockout mice, including abnormal context-dependent exploratory and anxiety behaviours and learning abnormalities. Chronic treatment with tianeptine (a serotonin reuptake enhancer) did not normalize the behaviour in fmr1-knockout mice. The prevention of oxidative stress in the fragile X mouse model, by an antioxidant compound such as melatonin, emerges as a new and promising approach for further investigation on treatment trials for the disease.
Ad hoc, Cross-language and Spoken Document Information Retrieval at IBM. (1999)

Introduction The Natural Language Systems group at IBM participated in three tracks at TREC-8: ad hoc, SDR and cross-language. Our SDR and ad hoc participation included experiments involving query expansion and clustering-induced document reranking. Our CLIR participation involved both the French and English queries and included experiments with the merging strategy. 2 Ad Hoc Track In the TREC-8 ad hoc experiments we used a two-pass approach, in which the top documents, as ranked by the Okapi formula [1], were used to construct expanded queries, which were then used to compute the final scores. We also experimented with applying a clustering algorithm to obtain a more reliable list of passages for query expansion. The data pre-processing agorithm was similar to the one we used in our previous TREC participations [2], [3]. It consisted of a decision tree based tokenizer, part-of-speech tagger [4] and a morphological analyzer. Filler query prefixes were remove
Natural Learning (1981)

The human specie, along with other species, is born with the ability to learn. Learning is indispensable for survival. The infant from birth has a natural curiosity about its environment and the instinctive capacity to orientate itself towards satisfying this need. Adult protection is necessary during infancy but balance in this is vital to growth—over protection robs the infant of chances to engage in meaningful learning experiences and under protection to possible injury or worse. Learning experiences are unique to the individual and no set of experiences can be a carbon copy of another.
Use of Staby<sup>®</sup>technology for development and production of DNA vaccines free of antibiotic resistance gene (2013)

The appearance of new viruses and the cost of developing certain vaccines require that new vaccination strategies now have to be developed. DNA vaccination seems to be a particularly promising method. For this application, plasmid DNA is injected into the subject (man or animal). This plasmid DNA encodes an antigen that will be expressed by the cells of the subject. In addition to the antigen, the plasmid also encodes a resistance to an antibiotic, which is used during the construction and production steps of the plasmid. However, regulatory agencies (FDA, USDA and EMA) recommend to avoid the use of antibiotics resistance genes. Delphi Genetics developed the Staby(®) technology to replace the antibiotic-resistance gene by a selection system that relies on two bacterial genes. These genes are small in size (approximately 200 to 300 bases each) and consequently encode two small proteins. They are naturally present in the genomes of bacteria and on plasmids. The technology is already used successfully for production of recombinant proteins to achieve higher yields and without the need of antibiotics. In the field of DNA vaccines, we have now the first data validating the innocuousness of this Staby(®) technology for eukaryotic cells and the feasibility of an industrial production of an antibiotic-free DNA vaccine. Moreover, as a proof of concept, mice have been successfully vaccinated with our antibiotic-free DNA vaccine against a deadly disease, pseudorabies (induced by Suid herpesvirus-1).
Droplet electric separator microfluidic device for cell sorting (2010)

A simple and effective droplet electric separator microfluidic device was developed for cell sorting. The aqueous droplet without precharging operation was influenced to move a distance in the channel along the electric field direction by applying dc voltage on the electrodes beside the channel, which made the target droplet flowing to the collector. Single droplet can be isolated in a sorting rate of ∼100 Hz with microelectrodes under a required pulse. Single or multiple mammalian cell (HePG2) encapsulated in the surfactant free alginate droplet could be sorted out respectively. This method may be used for single cell operation or analysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Antiviral Activity, and Biological Properties of Vinylacetylene Analogues of Enviroxime. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Hydrothermal synthesis of one-dimensional yttrium hydroxide particles by a two-step alkali-addition method (2012)

One-dimensional yttrium hydroxide particles of hexagonal crystal structure were selectively synthesized through a hydrothermal reaction of yttrium chloride solution that was alkalized by two-step addition of sodium hydroxide solution. Keeping the YCl3 solution at pH ∼ 6.8 for a few minutes before raising the pH to the sufficient level (pH ∼ 13) was concluded to be the practical requirement for the one-dimensional Y(OH)3 particle formation. This requirement was successfully achieved by the two-step addition procedure that was applicable to adjust the pH values independently. The size distribution of one-dimensional particles was changed depending on the interval time between alkali-additions and on the pH of the hydrothermal reaction. The formation mechanism of the one-dimensional particles was also discussed.
Understanding the Photothermal Conversion Efficiency of Gold Nanocrystals (2010)

Plasmon-based photothermal therapy is one of the most intriguing applications of noble metal nanostructures. The photothermal conversion efficiency is an essential parameter in practically realizing this application. The effects of the plasmon resonance wavelength, particle volume, shell coating, and assembly on the photothermal conversion efficiencies of Au nanocrystals are systematically studied by directly measuring the temperature of Au nanocrystal solutions with a thermocouple and analyzed on the basis of energy balance. The temperature of Au nanocrystal solutions reaches the maximum at ∼75 °C when the plasmon resonance wavelength of Au nanocrystals is equal to the illumination laser wavelength. For Au nanocrystals with similar shapes, the larger the nanocrystal, the smaller the photothermal conversion efficiency becomes. The photothermal conversion can also be controlled by shell coating and assembly through the change in the plasmon resonance energy of Au nanocrystals. Moreover, coating Au nanocrystals with semiconductor materials that have band gap energies smaller than the illumination laser energy can improve the photothermal conversion efficiency owing to the presence of an additional light absorption channel.
Mesoscopic ferroelectric cell arrays prepared by imprint lithography (2003)

Arrays of mesoscopic ferroelectric (Pb,Zr)TiO3 cells with lateral sizes from several micrometers down to below 300 nm were prepared applying nanoimprint lithography. The ferroelectric properties of the mesoscopic cells were investigated by scanning force microscopy in piezoresponse mode. The best chemical route to obtain ferroelectric cells was found to be the sol-gel method. Using Nb-doped SrTiO3 single crystals as bottom electrodes, the crystallization into the ferroelectric phase was uniform with grain sizes in the 35 nm range.
Acetic Acid—Ammonium Acetate Reactions. 2-Isoimidazoles as Intermediates in Imidazole Formation<sup>1</sup> (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetic Acid—Ammonium Acetate Reactions. 2-Isoimidazoles as Intermediates in Imidazole Formation1Marvin WeissCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 20, 5193–5195Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1952https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01140a063RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1115Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (374 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Two-dimensional surface characterization of laser-deposited carbon films using Raman scattering (2006)

We report an apparatus designed to characterize two-dimensional (2D) surfaces of carbon films based on the principle of inelastic light scattering (Raman scattering). The design and construction details are presented. The system with a backscattering configuration, is constructed using a high power argon ion laser with a wavelength of 514.5 nm, an XYZ motorized stage with a step resolution of 3.175 μm, a microscope objective lens, a confocal spatial filter and a holographic notch filter, to achieve extremely low crosstalk and maximum resolution in spectroscopy. The radial resolution for film surface is much enhanced by confocal spatial filter due to its stray light suppression capability. A large depth of sampling field is achieved using an objective lens with a middle NA of 0.55 and a long working distance of 8 mm, thus the requirement of using auto-focusing can be avoided. A specific algorithm is designed to decide the film boundaries as well as the outline of surface structures from pre-defined spectral windows. Control software on Labview<sup>TM</sup> platform has been developed for controlling movement of the sample stage, spectral acquisition and data visualization. Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and patterned silicon were used to evaluate the sensitivity, 1D profile and 2D mapping functionality of the designed system. Diamond-like amorphous carbon (DLC) films prepared by pulsed-laser deposition (PLD) were studied using the developed instrument. The results from this approach are compared with those using general scanning tunneling microscope (STM). This comparable low-cost system with high performance is suitable to characterize semiconductors and other materials both for industrial applications and academic research.
A colorimetric determination of inositol monophosphates as an assay for <scp>d</scp>-glucose 6-phosphate–1<scp>l</scp>-<i>myo</i>inositol 1-phosphate cyclase (1970)

A rapid and convenient chemical assay for the enzyme d-glucose 6-phosphate-1l-myoinositol 1-phosphate cyclase is described. The 1l-myoinositol 1-phosphate formed enzymically was oxidized with periodic acid liberating inorganic phosphate, which was assayed. myoInositol 2-phosphate can be assayed in the same way. Glucose 6-phosphate and other primary phosphate esters gave only very small quantities of inorganic phosphate under the conditions described. The K(m) of the enzyme for d-glucose 6-phosphate, 7.5+/-2.5x10(-4)m, was identical with that measured by the radiochemical method. 2-Deoxy-d-glucose 6-phosphate was a powerful competitive inhibitor, K(i) 2.0+/-0.5x10(-5)m, but was not a substrate for the enzyme.
A Framework of Transfer Learning in Object Detection for Embedded Systems (2018)

Transfer learning is one of the subjects undergoing intense study in the area of machine learning. In object recognition and object detection there are known experiments for the transferability of parameters, but not for neural networks which are suitable for object detection in real time embedded applications, such as the SqueezeDet neural network. We use transfer learning to accelerate the training of SqueezeDet to a new group of classes. Also, experiments are conducted to study the transferability and co-adaptation phenomena introduced by the transfer learning process. To accelerate training, we propose a new implementation of the SqueezeDet training which provides a faster pipeline for data processing and achieves 1.8 times speedup compared to the initial implementation. Finally, we created a mechanism for automatic hyperparameter optimization using an empirical method.
Evaluation of pseudo-affective responses to noxious colorectal distension in rats by manometric recordings (2005)

Recordings of electromyographic (EMG) activity in the abdominal musculature are generally used to quantify the pseudo-affective visceromotor response induced by colorectal distension (CRD) in rodents. The present study describes a non-invasive, manometric method to quantify the magnitude of the abdominal contractions evoked by CRD. CRD-induced increases in EMG activity in female rats (electrical response) were compared to phasic changes in balloon pressure (mechanical response). A phasic increasing CRD paradigm from 10 to 80mmHg with 10mmHg intervals induced a clear stimulus-response relationship with a strong correlation (r(2)=0.93) between the electrical and mechanical responses. Twelve repeated phasic distensions at 80mmHg increased the mechanical response by 133+/-53% (P<0.01), while the electrical response only increased by 20+/-19% (P>0.05), when comparing the last distension to the first. Atropine methyl bromide (1mg/kg, i.v.) did not affect the mechanical response to distension at 80mmHg, suggesting that colonic activity per se, does not contribute to the balloon pressure variations during CRD in the current experimental set-up. The mu-opioid receptor agonist fentanyl at a dose of 1.5microg/kg (i.v.) significantly reduced the mechanical response to CRD (P<0.01) while the electrical response was not affected. The present study shows that phasic bursts in EMG activity from the abdominal musculature occur simultaneously with balloon pressure variations, which may represent a non-invasive alternative to EMG recordings. Furthermore, the mechanical response is a more sensitive parameter for detecting both hyperalgesic and analgesic responses.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Direct Bacterial Identification from Positive Blood Culture Pellets (2010)

An ammonium chloride erythrocyte-lysing procedure was used to prepare a bacterial pellet from positive blood cultures for direct matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry analysis. Identification was obtained for 78.7% of the pellets tested. Moreover, 99% of the MALDI-TOF identifications were congruent at the species level when considering valid scores. This fast and accurate method is promising.
Problems concerning the Efficiency of Oils as Mosquito Larvicides.—II. The spreading Power of Oils and Methods of increasing it (1939)

1. A method is described of using the Adam-Langmuir surface pressure trough for the direct measurement of the spreading power of oils against surface contamination. 2. Pure higher paraffins are non-spreading and pure aromatics have only a small spreading pressure. Commercial grades of oils owe what spreading pressure they have to impurities which are only present in small quantities and can be removed. 3. The spreading power of oil is greatly increased by irradiation of very thin layers of the oil. Even so, only a small fraction undergoes chemical change, the great bulk being recoverable with its original properties.
Gross computed surface anthropometry from 3D datasets (2004)

The paper describes the initial steps in the construction of a computer-assisted anthropometric system designed to enable the determination of gross anthropometric metrics from polyhedral 3D datasets (such as the Ceasar dataset).