gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localization of ligand binding regions of the human formyl peptide receptor. (1991)

The formyl peptide receptor is involved in the activation of human neutrophils (PMN) and their subsequent response to chemotactic peptides such as FMLP. The normal FMLP receptor has been reported to contain both high and low affinity states and to consist of several glycoprotein components, ranging in size from 40-94 kDa. However, little is known about the functional domains of the receptor. In this study we have constructed synthetic peptides corresponding to different portions of the reported receptor structure, and have tested their involvement in ligand binding. One of these peptides, corresponding to the first extracellular loop of the N-terminus end of the molecule, has been shown to specifically inhibit FMLP binding to PMN membranes. Concomitantly, this peptide exhibited the strongest direct binding to the ligand. We propose that this portion of the FMLP receptor molecule is important in receptor-ligand interactions.
Automatic software documentation support: an example of machine translation (2003)

An approach for deriving an English-language description of a computer program directly from the source code is presented. Two levels of translation are presented: statement rendering, to derive the English-language equivalent of the program statements, and concept abstraction, to deduce the purpose of the program. The translation method presented is shown to be equivalent to language translation, with some restrictions. One restriction is that the translation grammar is not bidirectional when abstractions are considered. Another is that the source (program) language is much more regularized than is normally the case with spoken (natural) languages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Suppression of Psyllium Husk Suspension Viscosity by Addition of Water Soluble Polysaccharides (2016)

Psyllium seed husk is an insoluble dietary fiber with many health benefits. It can absorb many times its weight in water, forming very viscous suspensions, which have low palatability and consumer acceptance. We report here a novel approach for decreasing its viscosity, involving inclusion of a soluble polysaccharide in the suspension. This leads to a drastic decrease (up to 87%) in viscosity of suspensions, while maintaining the same dosage level of psyllium and also delivering a significant amount of soluble dietary fiber such as corn bio-fiber gum in a single serving. Four soluble polysaccharides with a range of molecular weights and solution viscosities have been studied for their viscosity suppression effect. Besides improving palatability, another advantage of this approach is that it makes it possible to deliver 2 different dietary fibers in significant quantities, thus offering even greater health benefits.
Assessment of an Oblique Moving Deformable Barrier Test Procedure (2013)

In September 2009 the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) published a report that investigated the incidence of fatalities to belted non-ejected occupants in frontal crashes involving late-model vehicles. The report concluded that after exceedingly severe crashes, the largest number of fatalities occurred in crashes involving poor structural engagement between the vehicle and its collision partner, such as corner impacts, oblique crashes, or impacts with narrow objects. In response to these findings, NHTSA began researching a test procedure intended to mitigate the risk of injuries and fatalities related to motor vehicle crashes involving poor structural engagement. This research demonstrated that an offset impact between a “research” moving deformable barrier (RMDB) and a stationary vehicle at a 15 degree angle can reproduce vehicle crush, occupant kinematics, and risk of injury seen in vehicle-to-vehicle crashes. It was also demonstrated that injury risk related to poor structural engagement has not been entirely mitigated in the current fleet, as newly-designed vehicles are still prone to large intrusions and potential injuries to the head, chest, knee/thigh/hip, and lower extremity. The current study adds additional oblique RMDB-to-vehicle crash tests with high sales volumes vehicles in order to capture a larger portion of the current and future fleet for further analysis. These additional tests bolster the utility of the existing database of oblique RMDB-to-vehicle crash tests with a THOR 50th percentile male occupant in the driver’s seat.
Rhenium: an ammonia synthesis catalyst (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTRhenium: an ammonia synthesis catalystN. D. Spencer and G. A. SomorjaiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1982, 86, 18, 3493–3494Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100215a001https://doi.org/10.1021/j100215a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views288Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Kinetics of Thermal Denaturation of β-Lactoglobulin at pH 2.5 (1980)

denaturation of /~-lactoglobulin at pH 2.5 was studied at temperatures ranging from 60 to 130 C. Changes were followed by measurements of specific optical rotation [0d2ss9 and solubility at pH 4.5. Denaturation, as determined by both methods, was irreversible and was evident only at 75 C or above, a higher temperature than 65 C reported for denaturation at neutral pH. Also, the cooperative transition temperatures were higher (83 to 84 C) at pH 2.5 than at pH 6.7 (68 to 69 C).
High‐Energy Density Capacitors Utilizing 0.7 BaTiO <sub>3</sub> –0.3 BiScO <sub>3</sub> Ceramics (2009)

A high, temperature‐stable dielectric constant (∼1000 from 0° to 300°C) coupled with a high electrical resistivity (∼10 12 Ω·cm at 250°C) make 0.7 BaTiO 3 –0.3 BiScO 3 ceramics an attractive candidate for high‐energy density capacitors operating at elevated temperatures. Single dielectric layer capacitors were prepared to confirm the feasibility of BaTiO 3 –BiScO 3 for this application. It was found that an energy density of about 6.1 J/cm 3 at a field of 73 kV/mm could be achieved at room temperature, which is superior to typical commercial X7R capacitors. Moreover, the high‐energy density values were retained to 300°C. This suggests that BaTiO 3 –BiScO 3 ceramics have some advantages compared with conventional capacitor materials for high‐temperature energy storage, and with further improvements in microstructure and composition, could provide realistic solutions for power electronic capacitors.
Area‐priority‐based sensor deployment optimisation with priority estimation using <i>K</i> ‐means (2017)

Deployment in wireless sensor networks (WSN) addresses maximising the coverage of sensors and reducing the total cost of deployment. The area‐priority concept for WSN deployment that the authors contributed to the literature recently allows environments with regions that have different importance or priority levels. In this study, the authors propose the first priority‐estimation method for area‐priority‐based WSN deployments. First, a satellite image of the environment that will be used in the deployment of the sensors is clustered by a K ‐means algorithm using the colour features of the regions. In the sensor deployment phase, this cluster information is used to determine the priorities of the sensor coverage areas on positions of the image. Sensors are initially deployed quickly using a priority queue‐based technique. Then, a simulated annealing algorithm is used to maximise the total covered area priority and to minimise the gaps between the sensors. Various experiments are performed for different scenarios (land, sea, and forest) on images captured from Google Maps using different parameter values. The experiments confirm that the proposed approach performs well and outperforms the random deployment of sensors.
Chemokines and T lymphocyte activation: I. Beta chemokines costimulate human T lymphocyte activation in vitro (1996)

While chemokines primarily promote chemotaxis, it is apparent that these cytokines also modulate a number of other biologic activities, including adhesion, degranulation, cytotoxicity, and enzyme release. We demonstrate here that the beta chemokines, recombinant human macrophage inflammatory protein-1 alpha and -1 beta, RANTES (regulated upon activation, normally T cell expressed and secreted), and macrophage chemotactic peptide-1, are capable of directly costimulating purified human T cell and human T cell clone proliferation and IL-2 production in the presence of anti-CD3 mAb, but not phorbol esters, in vitro. This costimulatory activity was dose and donor dependent and required the presence of free extracellular calcium as well as endogenously produced IL-2. Chemokine treatment of human T cells in vitro increased the level of cell surface CD25 and soluble CD25. In addition, these chemokines enhanced both Ag- and alloantigen-specific T cell and T cell clone proliferation. This activity was further augmented in the presence of the CD28 ligand, B7-1. Neutralization analyses using chemokine-specific Abs revealed that endogenously produced chemokines are important costimulatory mediators in human T cell activation. Together, these results suggest that chemokines not only play an important role in lymphocyte recruitment to inflammatory sites, but also participate in T cell activation.
Inhibiting effect of ursolic acid on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TGF-Î²1 and its mechanism (2017)

Objective To study the effect of ursolic acid (UA) intervention on hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TGF-I²1 and its potential mechanism. Methods Primary hepatocytes were extracted from healthy SD rats by in situ perfusion, cultured for 12-24h, then randomly divided into the following groups: blank control group, UA control group (UA 25I¼mol/L), TGF-I²1 group (TGF-I²1 2.5ng/ml), UA intervention group (UA 25I¼mol/L and TGF-I²1 2.5ng/ml), DPI intervention group (DPI 0.5I¼mol/L and TGF-I²1 2.5ng/ml). Each group was treated with drugs for corresponding time and their proliferation and apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry, the expression of CD95 (Fas) mRNA was analyzed by RT-qPCR, the expression of protein CD95 and membrane translocation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) subunit p47phox were analyzed by Western blotting, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation in primary hepatocytes was analyzed with reactive oxygen detection kit. Results UA intervention at 30min before TGF-I²1 stimulating hepatocytes markedly reduced hepatocyte apoptosis (63.97Â±3.19 vs 80.53Â±1.56, P<0.01) and promoted hepatocyte proliferation (18.67Â±1.60 vs 10.83Â±2.03, P<0.01). UA intervention notably down-regulated the expressions of CD95 mRNA and protein (1.28Â±0.15 vs 2.40Â±0.25, P<0.01; 1.05Â±0.15 vs 1.37Â±0.18, P<0.05), restrained membrane translocation of p47phox (1.13Â±0.12 vs 1.76Â±0.22, P<0.01), and decreased ROS level in primary hepatocytes induced by TGF-I²1 (2.12Â±0.45 vs 3.23Â±0.53, P<0.01). Conclusion The mechanism of UA inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis induced by TGF-I²1 is likely to be that UA intervention reduced hepatocyte apoptosis by inhibiting NOX activation and decrease generation of ROS so as to down-regulate expression of CD95 in hepatocytes.
		
		DOI: 10.11855/j.issn.0577-7402.2017.05.05
Reflection from bound microbubbles at high ultrasound frequencies (2009)

Targeted contrast agents and ultrasound imaging are now used in combination for the assessment and tracking of biomarkers in animal models in vivo. These applications have triggered interest in the understanding and prediction of the ultrasound echoes from contrast agents attached to cells. This study describes the reflection enhancement due to microbubbles bound on a gelatin surface. The reflection enhancement was measured using ultrasound pulses at high frequency (40 MHz) and low pressure (38 kPa peak-negativepressure) allowing a linear approximation to be applied. The observed reflection coefficient increased with the number of microbubbles, until reaching saturation at 0.9 when the surface coverage fraction was 35%. A multiple scattering model assuming that the targeted microbubbles are confined within an infinitesimally thin layer appeared suitable in predicting the reflection coefficient even at very high surface densities. These results could permit the optimization of the sensitivity of highfrequency ultrasound to targeted contrast agents.
The Role of the Capsular Polysaccharide in the Activation of the Alternative Pathway by the Pneumococcus (1976)

Previous studies have shown that when pneumococci are incubated in normal, nonimmune serum, they activate the alternative pathway and opsonically active C3b is fixed to the surface of the organism. Other studies have demonstrated that C3-dependent opsonization via the alternative pathway plays a significant role in the nonimmune host's defense against the pneumococcus. The present studies concern the role of the capsular polysaccharide in initiating the activation of the alternative pathway by the pneumococcus. Some pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide types, but not all, are able to activate the alternative pathway. Soluble purified capsular polysaccharide types 1, 4 and 25 activate the alternative pathway, whereas types 2, 3, 14, and 19 do not. Since the capsular polysaccharides exist in their native form attached to the pneumococcal surface, selected capsular polysaccharides were also tested for their ability to activate the alternative pathway when attached to a particulate carrier, sheep erythrocytes. Capsular polysaccharide types 2 and 3 failed to activate the alternative pathway when attached to sheep erythrocytes, paralleling the results obtained when these capsular polysaccharides were in solution. In contrast, the type 25 capsular polysaccharide not only activated the alternative pathway when attached to sheep erythrocytes, as it had when in solution, but it also initiated alternative pathway-mediated lysis of the erythrocytes. The capsular polysaccharide is not required for the activation of the alternative pathway by the pneumococcus. Although all types of encapsulated pneumococci are able to activate the alternative pathway, not all the purified capsular polysaccharide types are able to do so. In addition, a nonencapsulated pneumococcus, derived originally from a type 2 organism, activates the alternative pathway as well as a fully encapsulated type 2 pneumococcus.
Role of NMDA receptor GluN2D subunit in the antidepressant effects of enantiomers of ketamine (2017)

We investigated the rapid and sustained antidepressant effects of enantiomers of ketamine in N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor GluN2D subunit knockout (GluN2D-KO) mice. Intraperitoneal administration of ketamine or its enantiomers 10 min before the tail-suspension test exerted significant antidepressant effects on restraint stress-induced depression in both wildtype and GluN2D-KO mice. The antidepressant effects of (RS)-ketamine and (S)-ketamine were sustained 96 h after the injection in both wildtype and GluN2D-KO mice, but such sustained antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine were only observed in wildtype mice. These data suggest that the GluN2D subunit is critical for the sustained antidepressant effects of (R)-ketamine.
Efficient Semi‐Transparent Organic Solar Cells with Good Transparency Color Perception and Rendering Properties (2011)

Abstract Window integrated photovoltaics for automotive and building applications are a promising market segment for organic solar modules. Besides semi‐transparency, window integrated applications require a reasonable transparency perception and good color rendering properties in order to be suitable for realistic scene illumination. Here, the transmitted light through semi‐transparent organic solar cells comprising the polymer/fullerene blend poly[(4,4'‐bis(2‐ethylhexyl)dithieno[3,2‐b:2',3'‐d]silole)‐2,6‐diyl‐alt‐(2,1,3‐benzothiadiazole)‐4,7‐diyl]: [6,6]‐phenyl C 71 ‐butric acid methyl ester (PSBTBT:PC 70 BM) as active layer and a sputtered aluminum doped zinc oxide cathode were found to exhibit a color neutral perception for the human eye and very good color rendering properties. Moreover, the electrical cell properties allow for efficient energy harvesting with an overall power conversion efficiency η ≈ 3%.
Analysis of lateral coherency in wide‐angle seismic images of heterogeneous targets (1991)

The character of deep reflections recorded in wide‐angle seismic experiments often suggests fine‐scale layering in the structure of the reflecting target. The lateral continuity of wide‐angle reflections is enhanced, however, because energy arriving at a long‐off set receiver is confined to a narrow range of apparent slowness. The distribution of energy with slowness was studied by Levander and Gibson (this issue), who show that the restricted range amounts to a dip filter. Their energy‐slowness distribution is used here to relate lateral correlation in a reflected wave field to the correlation properties of a randomly heterogeneous target. Tests with finite difference synthetic data from Levander and Gibson confirm a simple convolutional relation between the statistics of the wave field and those of a target with small‐magnitude velocity variations. Field data recorded in the Basin and Range Province, Nevada, show a progressive increase in reflection continuity with increasing source‐receiver offset, as expected. Interpretation of reflector heterogeneity for this data set, however, is complicated by noise contamination and scattering above the target.
Modulation of myb gene expression in sponges by retinoic acid. (1992)

We demonstrate that the cells of the sponge Geodia cydonium are equipped with the basic elements required for a retinoic acid (RA)-dependent response pathway; RA was identified and quantitated, the cellular RA-binding protein (CRABP) was detected and the nuclear RA receptor (RAR) was found. In the isolated cell system the level of CRABP, but not of RAR, is strongly induced after incubating the cells for 10h with the homologous aggregation factor. In induced cells incubation with 0.3 microM RA results in a strong down-regulation of the c-myb (or c-myb-related) proto-oncogene (M(r) 63,000; mRNA 3.3 kb). We postulate that this pathway is also functionally active and that RA acts as a natural morphogen.
Introduction: Why Entrepreneurship Matters (2009)

When the three editors of this volume studied and prepared for their doctoral degrees in three different American Ph.D. programs during the late 1970s, not one of them heard a word about entrepreneurship and small business. All three of them had a specialization in the field of industrial organization within economics, the field most closely related to issues concerning firm size and organization. In all three Ph.D. programs, as was no doubt true across the entire landscape of American graduate schools, the focus was exclusively on large corporations and their impact on the economy. The large corporation was widely accepted as the source of jobs – good-paying ones – and security. No wonder that when the Chairman of General Motors, Charlie "Engine" Wilson, exclaimed, "What's good for General Motors is good for America," the country believed. There certainly was no room for the study and analysis of something as peripheral and tangential as small business and entrepreneurship in the nation's top graduate programs in economics. Nor was there any room or interest within the entire economics profession. The 1990 edition of Palgrave's Encyclopedia of Economics, consisting of over a dozen volumes and spanning thousands of pages covering virtually every topic imaginable on economics, barely touched on the issues of small business and entrepreneurship, a gap unfilled until 2008 The most influential economics book in the modern history of the profession, Principles of Economics, by Paul Samuelson, barely contains reference to small business and entrepreneurship.
Antisense Oligodeoxynucleotides Targeted against Molecular Chaperonin Hsp60 Block Human Hepatitis B Virus Replication (2003)

The major role of hepatitis B virus polymerase (HBV pol) is polymerization of nucleotides, but it also participates in protein priming and the packaging of its own genome into capsids. Therefore, HBV pol may require many assistance factors for its roles. Previous reports have shown that Hsp60, a molecular chaperone, activates HBV pol both in vitro and ex vivo, such as inside insect cells. Moreover, HBV pol binds to Hsp60 in the HepG2 host cell line. In this report, we show that Hsp60 plays a role in the in vivo replication of HBV. Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (A-ODNs) specifically directed against Hsp60 induced its down-regulation, severely reducing the level of replication-competent HBV without influencing cell proliferation and capsid assembly under these conditions. Furthermore, we found that Hsp60 did not encapsidate into nucleocapsids. Our results indicate that Hsp60 is important for HBV replication in vivo, presumably through activation of HBV pol before encapsidation of HBV pol into HBV core particle. In addition, A-ODNs specific for Hsp60 also inhibit replication of a mutant HBV strain that is resistant to the nucleoside analogue 3TC, which is the main drug used for HBV treatment, and we suggest that A-ODNs directed against Hsp60 are possible reagents as anti-HBV drugs. Conclusively, this report shows that the host factor, Hsp60, is essential for in vivo HBV replication and that mechanism of Hsp60 is probably through an activation of HBV pol by Hsp60.
Isothermal Recombinase Polymerase amplification (RPA) of Schistosoma haematobium DNA and oligochromatographic lateral flow detection (2015)

The LF-RPA assay developed here can amplify and detect low levels of S. haematobium DNA. Reactions are rapid, require low temperatures and positive reactions are interpreted using lateral flow strips, reducing the need for infrastructure and resources. This together with an ability to withstand inhibitors within urine makes RPA a promising technology for further development as a molecular diagnostic tool for urogenital schistosomiasis.
Push-push oscillator with simplified circuit structure (2002)

A push-push oscillator with simplified circuit structure is proposed. The power combiner circuit required in conventional push-push oscillators is eliminated in this circuit. Therefore, the circuit structure is simplified, and the circuit size can also be miniaturised. Performance measures such as the output power of the desired signal (2f0) in K-band and suppression of the undesired odd harmonics are also remarkably higher.