gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral and multispectral image fusion using local spatial-spectral dictionary pair (2017)

This paper deals with the spatial resolution enhancement of low resolution (LR) hyperspectral image (HSI) by fusing it with high resolution (HR) multispectral image (MSI) of the same observed scene. A new HSI and MSI fusion approach based on local spatial-spectral dictionary pair is proposed. In the proposed approach, HR MSI and its spatial degradation version (LR MSI) are divided into overlapped subimages for the purpose of HR and LR dictionary pair construction. To incorporate spatial and spectral information simultaneously, spatial-spectral dictionary is generated rather than the traditional spectral or spatial ones. Meanwhile, a localized strategy is employed for dictionary construction to generate a local dictionary rather than a global one, to reduce the computational cost. By appropriately assuming that the LR HSI and desired HR HSI can be collaboratively represented by LR dictionary and HR dictionary respectively sharing the same set of representation coefficients, the desired HR HSI is reconstructed by HR dictionary and the obtained collaborative representation coefficients. Simulative experimental results illustrate that the proposed HSI and MSI fusion approach is capable of producing better or comparable fused results compared with some state-of-the-art fusion approaches using spectral or spatial dictionaries, with much lower computational cost. This makes it quite promising in practical application.
Contributions to image encryption and authentication (2003)

Advanced digital technologies have made multimedia data widely available. As multimedia applications become common in practice, security of multimedia data has become main concern. Digital images are widely used in various applications, that include military, legal and medical systems and these applications need to control access to images and provide the means to verify integrity of images. Image encryption algorithms protect data against unauthorized access. In almost all cases image data is compressed before it is stored or transmitted because of the enormity of multimedia data and their high level of redundancy. Compressing plaintext before applying the encryption algorithm effectively increases security of the overall system. However direct application of encryption algorithms to image data i) requires high computational power and ii) introduces delay in real-time communication. If a data compression algorithm can be made to also provide security, less processing overhead could be expected as a single algorithm achieves two goals. Image authentication provides the means to verify the genuineness of images. Authentication codes provide a method of ensuring integrity of data. The challenge in image authentication is that in many cases images need to be compressed and so the authentication algorithms need to be compression tolerant. Cryptographic authentication systems are sensitive to bit changes and so are not suitable for image authentication. In this thesis, we study existing image encryption and authentication systems and demonstrate various attacks against these systems. We propose a JPEG encryption system that encrypts only part of the data, and a JPEG2000 encryption system that uses a simple operation, i.e. permutation, and show methods to minimize the computation cost for encryption. We also propose an image authentication system that remains tolerant to changes due to JPEG lossy compression.
Altered Glucose and Insulin Responses to Brain Medullary Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone (TRH)-Induced Autonomic Activation in Type 2 Diabetic Goto-Kakizaki Rats (2005)

Insulin secretion is impaired in type 2 diabetes (T2D). The insulin and glucose responses to central autonomic activation induced by excitation of brain medullary TRH receptors were studied in T2D Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. Blood glucose levels in normally fed, pentobarbital-anesthetized GK and nondiabetic Wistar rats were 193 and 119 mg/100 ml in males and 214 and 131 mg/100 ml in females. Intracisternal injection (ic) of the stable TRH analog RX 77368 (10 ng) induced significantly higher insulin response in both genders of overnight-fasted GK rats compared with Wistar rats and slightly increased blood glucose in female Wistar rats but significantly decreased it from 193 to 145 mg/100 ml in female GK rats. RX 77368 (50 ng) ic induced markedly greater glucose and relatively weaker insulin responses in male GK rats than Wistar rats. Bilateral vagotomy blocked ic RX 77368-induced insulin secretion, whereas adrenalectomy abolished its hyperglycemic effect. In adrenalectomized male GK but not Wistar rats, ic RX 77368 (50 ng) dramatically increased serum insulin levels by 6.5-fold and decreased blood glucose levels from 154 to 98 mg/100 ml; these changes were prevented by vagotomy. GK rats had higher basal pancreatic insulin II mRNA levels but a lower response to ic RX 77368 (50 ng) compared with Wistar rats. These results indicate that central-vagal activation-induced insulin secretion is susceptible in T2D GK rats. However, the dominant sympathetic-adrenal response to medullary TRH plays a suppressing role on vagal-mediated insulin secretion. This unbalanced vago-sympathetic activation by medullary TRH may contribute to the impaired insulin secretion in T2D.
ATS-6 the Geosynchronous, Very High Resolution Radiometer (1975)

The Geosynchronous Very High Resolution Radiometer (GVHRR), flown on the three-axis stabilized geosynchronous satellite, Applications Technology Satellite-6 (ATS-6), collected meteorological data for two months during the summer of 1974. Several hundred images were successfully taken. Data collection terminated when the instrument chopper motor failed. The instrument, its supporting ground equipment, and the data collected in orbit are described.
Phase-shifting surfaces bend the rules of ray optics (2011)

Researchers have outlined a recipe for fashioning subwavelength optical components from plasmonic antennas.
Media Polls in American Politics (2010)

Public opinion pools have become staples of contemporary political reporting, and most national news organizations have sophisticated in-house polling operations. The increased number and quality of polls conducted and reported by the press give the public a chance to help see the agendas of campaigns and define the meaning of elections. Yet competition and the need for fast responses to events often lead news organizations to misuse polls in a way that diminishes rather than enhances democracy. Polls can shape public opinion as well as describe it; they can set the news agenda and influence the coverage of political events in ways hostile to a constructive dialogue between citizens and their leaders. In this volume, media specialist and well-known reporters provide a comprehensive survey of the problems and possibilities of polling by media organizations in the 1990s and beyond. Thomas Mann and Gary Orren analyze the strengths and weaknesses of media polls and their impact on American politics. Everett Carll Ladd and John Benson discuss the extraordinary growth of polling in news organizations for the past two decades. Kathleen Frankovic addresses the tension between the needs of news organizations for quick results and the need to preserve the standards of survey research. Henry Brady and Gary Orren examine the most serious methodological problems with news media polls. Michael Kagay explores the sources of well-publicized variability in poll findings. Michael Traugott considers the complicated question of how polls influence the public and whether their effects are benign or harmful. Finally, E. J. Dionne, Jr. examines media organizations' obsession with polls and the impact polls have on reporters. The authors offer recommendations for improving the conduct and use of media polls so that citizens can make better informed and enlightened decisions about the public agenda.
OaSiS: integrating safety reasoning for decision support in oncology (2002)

Oncologists manage the treatment of cancer patients under a variety of protocol-based clinical trials. Each trial requires data to be collected for monitoring efficacy and toxicity. The life-threatening nature of cancer and the toxicity of therapy emphasise the safety-critical nature of oncology. OaSiS provides decision support for protocol-based treatment of cancer and contributes to better data management and safer, more consistent application of protocols. It offers a highly graphical interface, employs logic-based problem-solving and is implemented in PROLOG.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Expression of fibroblast growth factor receptors in peri-implantation mouse embryos (1998)

FGF receptor (FGFR) function is essential during peri-implantation mouse development. To understand which receptors are functioning, we tested for the expression of all four FGF receptors in peri-implantation blastocysts. By RT-PCR, FGFR-3 and FGFR-4 were detected at high levels, FGFR-2 at lower levels, and FGFR-1 was detected at background levels compared to control tissues. Because FGFR-3 and FGFR-4 were detected at the highest levels, we studied these in detail. Between 3.5 days after fertilization (E3.5) and E6.0, FGFR-4 mRNA was detected ubiquitously in the peri-implantation embryo, restricted to the inner cell mass (ICM) and its derivatives and primitive endoderm by E6.0, and was not detected at E6.5. FGFR-3 mRNA was detected ubiquitously in the peri-implantation embryo with a tendency towards extraembryonic cells. We tested blastocyst outgrowths, a model for implantation, for FGFR-3 and FGFR-4 protein. FGFR-3 protein was detected in all cells early during the outgrowth. Later, FGFR-3 was detected in the extraembryonic endoderm and trophoblast giant cells (TGC), but not in the ICM. FGFR-4 protein was detected in all cells of the implanting embryo, but was restricted to the ICM/primitive endoderm in later stage outgrowths. The distribution of the receptor proteins in the blastocyst outgrowths is similar to the distribution of the mRNA detected by in situ hybridization of sections of embryos. The data suggest roles for FGFR-3 and FGFR-4 in peri-implantation development.
Allelic loss at 1p34, 13q12, 17p13.3, and 17q21.1 correlates with poor postoperative prognosis in breast cancer (1999)

Allelic losses of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs), or the chromosomal regions harboring them, in tumor DNA may become useful postoperative prognostic indicators. To examine whether specific allelic losses might correlate with postoperative survival in a 5-year prospective follow-up, we tested tumors from a cohort of 264 breast cancer patients for allelic losses of 18 microsatellite markers representing either a known TSG or a region where genetic alterations are frequent in breast tumors. Patients whose tumors had lost an allele at 1p34, 13q12, 17p13.3, or 17q21.1 had significantly higher risks of postoperative mortality than those whose tumors retained both alleles at those loci (at 1p34, a 5-year mortality rate of 29% among patients with losses vs. 7% with retentions, P = 0.0008; at 13q12, 31% vs. 10%, P = 0.0062; at 17p13.3, 24% vs. 13%, P = 0.026; and at 17q21.1, 31% vs. 13%, P = 0.0047). Furthermore, combined losses at 13q12 and 17p13.3 increased the predicted postoperative mortality risks by a factor of 9.6 (5-year mortality rate of 42% vs. 5% with retentions, P = 0.0001), and combined losses at 1p34 and 17p13.3 raised the predicted postoperative mortality risks by a factor of 8.6 (27% vs. 3%, P = 0.0064). We conclude that allelic losses at these loci can serve as negative prognostic indicators to guide postoperative management of patients. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 26:134–141, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Analyze this! 145 questions for data scientists in software engineering (2014)

In this paper, we present the results from two surveys related to data science applied to software engineering. The first survey solicited questions that software engineers would like data scientists to investigate about software, about software processes and practices, and about software engineers. Our analyses resulted in a list of 145 questions grouped into 12 categories. The second survey asked a different pool of software engineers to rate these 145 questions and identify the most important ones to work on first. Respondents favored questions that focus on how customers typically use their applications. We also saw opposition to questions that assess the performance of individual employees or compare them with one another. Our categorization and catalog of 145 questions can help researchers, practitioners, and educators to more easily focus their efforts on topics that are important to the software industry.
Fast and Scalable Total Order Broadcast for Wide-area Networks (2006)

Version submitted to IEEE TPDS
TolC-Dependent Exclusion of Porphyrins in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2008)

We found that Escherichia coli tolC mutants showed increased sensitivity to 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), a precursor of porphyrins. The tolC mutant cells grown in the presence of ALA showed a reddish brown color under visible light and a strong red fluorescence under near-UV irradiation. Fluorescence spectrometry and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis showed that the tolC mutant cells grown in the presence of ALA accumulated a large amount of coproporphyrin(ogen) intracellularly. In contrast, the wild-type cells produced coproporphyrin extracellularly. The tolC mutant cells grown in the presence of ALA, which were capable of surviving in the dark, were killed by near-UV irradiation, suggesting that the intracellular coproporphyrin(ogen) renders these cells photosensitive. These results suggest that the TolC-dependent efflux system is involved in the exclusion of porphyrin(ogen)s in E. coli.
Polarization dependent loss mitigation technologies for digital coherent system (2020)

The performance of Pol-Mux systems is limited by polarization dependent loss (PDL) which mainly exist in the passive components and optical nodes. In coherent systems, the function of PDL mitigation to increase the transmission distance of polarization multiplexed signal is essential for the digital signal processing (DSP) technology. Several precoding technologies have been investigated with the capability of suppressing PDL penalty in a blind manner, so that the monitoring technology is not required. Space-time code is one of the precoding technologies with low processing complexity and better performance. An inverse matrix method was also investigated basing on the Mueller matrix monitor. The experimental demonstration showed good improvement by this method. In this paper, the PDL monitoring and the mitigation technologies will be summarized and well explained in theory.
Architecture for high-sensitivity single-shot readout and control of the electron spin of individual donors in silicon (2009)

We describe a method to control and detect in single shot the electron spin state of an individual donor in silicon with greatly enhanced sensitivity. A silicon-based single-electron transistor (SET) allows for spin-dependent tunneling of the donor electron directly into the SET island during the readout phase. Simulations show that the charge transfer signals are typically $\ensuremath{\Delta}q\ensuremath{\gtrsim}0.2e$---over an order of magnitude larger than achievable with metallic SETs on the ${\text{SiO}}_{2}$ surface. A complete spin-based qubit structure is obtained by adding a local electron spin resonance line for coherent spin control. This architecture is ideally suited to demonstrate and study the coherent properties of donor electron spins, but can be expanded and integrated with classical control electronics in the context of scale up.
A new failure mechanism by corrosion of tungsten in a tungsten plug process (1998)

The tungsten filled via plug process is commonly used in sub-half micron CMOS process technologies. As process technologies shrink beyond the 0.25 /spl mu/m generation, the metal overlap over the via also reduces. This results in vias which are not fully covered by the overlying interconnect lines. In the evaluation of such structures, we have observed a new failure mechanism resulting in completely unfilled vias due to electrochemical corrosion accelerated by a positive charge on specific structures.
ChemInform Abstract: Metalla‐ and Phosphaheterocycles with Diaminosupermesitylboryl Units. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Actigraphic Home-Monitoring Sleep-Disturbed and Control Infants and Young Children: A New Method for Pediatric Assessment of Sleep-Wake Patterns (1991)

Two studies were conducted to evaluate actigraphic home-monitoring for the assessment of infants' and children's sleep patterns. In the first study, 11 children (aged 12 to 48 months) were monitored in the laboratory by traditional polysomnography and by actigraphy for one night. Actigraphic automatic sleep-wake scorings were compared with those of the polysomnograph; total agreement rate was 85.3%. In the second study, sleep patterns of 63 sleep-disturbed and 34 control healthy children (aged 9 to 27 months) were compared. These children were home-monitored by actigraph for a mean of 4.45 nights (total 482 nights). Actigraphic data were analyzed by an automated scoring procedure. Sleep quality of the sleep-disturbed children, measured by actigraphically derived sleep percent and number of longer-than-5-minute wakings, was significantly lower than that of the control subjects (P less than .0001). Sleep measures showed significant night-to-night stability in both groups. The stability of specific measures and their age trends were different between the groups. Actigraphic sleep measures alone could discriminate between sleep-disturbed and control children with a highly correct assignment rate of 79.4% and 91.2%, respectively.
Mechanical Properties of Sulfonated Poly (Ether Ether Ketone) Nanocomposite Membranes (2014)

Sulfonated poly (ether ether ketone), SPEEK nanocomposite membranes were prepared and their mechanical properties were investigated. The commercial poly(ether ether ketone), Victrex PEEK @ was sulfonated with concentrated sulfuric acid (96 v/v%) at 50 C for various sulfonation times (4-8 hrs) to obtain SPEEK with various degrees of sulfonation (DS) and ion exchange capacity (IEC). Furthermore, SPEEK nanocomposite membranes were prepared via solution casting method. The effects of nanofiller type (nanosilicon dioxide, nanotitanium dioxide and nanotungsten trioxide) and nanofiller concentration to the properties of the nanocomposite membranes were examined. The results indicated that the DS and IEC values of SPEEKs increased with sulfonation time. Moreover, it was found that the mechanical properties of SPEEK nanocomposite membranes significantly depended on nanofiller type, concentration and their distribution.
Implementation Science to Respond to the COVID-19 Pandemic (2020)

The COVID-19 pandemic continues to expand globally, requiring massive public health responses from national and local governments. These bodies have taken heterogeneous approaches to their responses, including when and how to introduce and enforce evidence-based interventions-such as social distancing, hand-washing, personal protective equipment (PPE), and testing. In this commentary, we reflect on opportunities for implementation science to contribute meaningfully to the COVID-19 pandemic response. We reflect backwards on missed opportunities in emergency preparedness planning, using the example of PPE stockpiling and supply management; this planning could have been strengthened through process mapping with consensus-building, microplanning with simulation, and stakeholder engagement. We propose current opportunities for action, focusing on enhancing the adoption, fidelity, and sustainment of hand washing and social distancing; we can combine qualitative data, policy analysis, and dissemination science to inform agile and rapid adjustment to social marketing strategies to enhance their penetration. We look to future opportunities to enhance the integration of new evidence in decision-making, focusing on serologic and virologic testing systems; we can leverage simulation and other systems engineering modeling to identify ideal system structures. Finally, we discuss the ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic challenges implementation science to become more rapid, rigorous, and nimble in its approach, and integrate with public health practice. In summary, we articulate the ways in which implementation science can inform, and be informed by, the COVID-19 pandemic, looking backwards, proposing actions for the moment, and approaches for the future.
720 Origami Modeling of Ultra-light Core Structures (2005)

By folding a thin flat sheet with periodically set slits or punched out portions into the third dimension, ultra-lightweight strong and functional core models are newly devised. The basic idea of this modeling arises from the application of origami technique to engineering. Based on the space filling models, fundamental flat cores and skew type sponge cores have been newly developed. By applying these models, tube shaped core and curved cores are newly devised.
A quality driven framework for adaptive video streaming in mobile wireless networks (2014)

The concern over the quality of delivering video streaming services in mobile wireless networks is addressed in this work. A framework that enhances the Quality of Experience (QoE) of end users through a quality driven resource allocation scheme is proposed. To play a key role, an objective no-reference quality metric, Pause Intensity (PI), is adopted to derive a resource allocation algorithm for video streaming. The framework is examined in the context of 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) systems. The requirements and structure of the proposed PI-based framework are discussed, and results are compared with existing scheduling methods on fairness, efficiency and correlation (between the required and allocated data rates). Furthermore, it is shown that the proposed framework can produce a trade-off between the three parameters through the QoE-aware resource allocation process.
Joint hop-by-hop and receiver-driven interest control protocol for content-centric networks (2012)

Content-centric networking (CCN) advocates a new transport model tailored to named-data communication. Three features distinguish CCN transport from the TCP/IP model: unique endpoint at the receiver, pull-based data retrieval in a point to multi-point fashion and in-path caching.
Neuroprotection (2000)

Thrombolysis improves stroke outcome, but is applicable to a limited number of patients. Neuroprotection has the prospect to be universally offered, either alone or in combination with thrombolysis. Potential drug targets include elements of the excitotoxic glutamate cascade, calcium entry, intracellular protease activation, free radical damage, the inflammatory response and membrane repair. Clinical trials with many agents have so far been disappointing, but hindsight reveals flaws in the choice of compound, the dose that was administered or trial design. A further crop of trials has recently been initiated or completed, with results expected from 2000 to 2003. More selective, potent or better tolerated neuroprotective strategies are still being developed for clinical use, and approaches to trial conduct are advancing: increased use of computer randomisation algorithms or diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging should improve trial power. The prospects for a safe and effective treatment to improve stroke outcome remain good.