gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced Na <sup>+</sup> -H <sup>+</sup> Exchanger Activity and NHE-1 mRNA Expression in Lymphocytes From Patients With Essential Hypertension (1995)

It has been demonstrated that the activity of the sodium-proton exchanger (NHE-1 isoform) is increased in lymphocytes and other blood cells from patients with essential hypertension. In the present study, we investigated whether an increased level of NHE-1-specific mRNA in lymphocytes from patients with essential hypertension would explain the enhanced transport activity. Twenty-two hypertensive patients and 21 normotensive subjects were studied. Basal cytosolic pH was measured by the pH-sensitive fluorescent probe 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein. Maximal sodium-proton exchange activity was determined by acidifying cell pH and measuring the initial rate of the net sodium-dependent proton efflux driven by an outward proton gradient. The transcript level of NHE-1 was measured by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction in comparison with a constitutively expressed reference gene (beta-actin). Intracellular pH was lower in hypertensive patients than normotensive subjects (7.34 +/- 0.01 versus 7.39 +/- 0.01, mean +/- SEM, P < .001). The maximal activity of the sodium-proton exchanger was higher in hypertensive patients than in normotensive subjects (1262 +/- 100 versus 881 +/- 56 mmol/L cells per hour, P < .01). NHE-1 mRNA was increased in hypertensive patients compared with normotensive subjects (ratio of NHE-1 mRNA to beta-actin mRNA, 0.16 +/- 0.01 versus 0.12 +/- 0.02, P < .05). These data suggest that the increased sodium-proton exchange activity in essential hypertension may be related to the de novo synthesis of exchanger protein.
Peptides Encoded by Short ORFs Control Development and Define a New Eukaryotic Gene Family (2007)

Despite recent advances in developmental biology, and the sequencing and annotation of genomes, key questions regarding the organisation of cells into embryos remain. One possibility is that uncharacterised genes having nonstandard coding arrangements and functions could provide some of the answers. Here we present the characterisation of tarsal-less (tal), a new type of noncanonical gene that had been previously classified as a putative noncoding RNA. We show that tal controls gene expression and tissue folding in Drosophila, thus acting as a link between patterning and morphogenesis. tal function is mediated by several 33-nucleotide-long open reading frames (ORFs), which are translated into 11-amino-acid-long peptides. These are the shortest functional ORFs described to date, and therefore tal defines two novel paradigms in eukaryotic coding genes: the existence of short, unprocessed peptides with key biological functions, and their arrangement in polycistronic messengers. Our discovery of tal-related short ORFs in other species defines an ancient and noncanonical gene family in metazoans that represents a new class of eukaryotic genes. Our results open a new avenue for the annotation and functional analysis of genes and sequenced genomes, in which thousands of short ORFs are still uncharacterised.
TMN architecture for SDH networks using IS-IS routing protocol: design and performances (2002)

This paper reflects selected results and guidelines which are extracted from an extensive study at Alcatel Telecom TSD on designing and optimising SDH TMN in intermediate system to intermediate system (IS-IS) and end system to intermediate system (ES-IS) environments. A methodology for TMN design has been proposed. Typical questions like how to partition the network, how to set the numerous IS-IS configuration parameters in these network elements (NEs) or how to achieve efficient reconfiguration capabilities are addressed. Performance issues are discussed and a numerical example is given which illustrates the behaviour of the protocol in an SDH network.
Full-vectorial finite-difference analysis of microstructured optical fibers (2002)

In this paper we present a full-vectorial finite-difference analysis of microstructured optical fibers. A new mode solver is described which uses Yee's 2-D mesh and an index averaging technique. The modal characteristics are calculated for both conventional optical fibers and microstructured optical fibers. Comparison with previous finite difference mode solvers and other numerical methods is made and excellent agreement is achieved.
Characteristics of secundum atrial septal defects not percutaneously closed (2014)

The reasons for deferring transcatheter device closure of a secundum ASD are diverse, not only isolated rim deficiencies but the requirements of large implants, malposition, arrhythmias, and lack of hemodynamic need are influential components in clinical decision making.
First Diverless Subsea Wireline Well Intervention Performed in Offshore Vietnam offers Low-Cost Solution for Light Well Workovers: Case Histories and Future Trends (1999)

Abstract Subsea completions have been on the rise in recent years due to the economics, extreme environments, the use of infrastructures (subsea tiebacks), and migration to water depths in excess of 1300-feet. In this paper, subsea slickline operations are performed on three cluster wells situated beneath the operator's semi-submersible floating production unit in Vietnam's offshore Dai Hung field. The services were needed for reservoir management, including installation and retrieval of memory gauges, performance of logging surveys, and to manipulate sliding sleeves that had been installed with the ultimate purpose of optimizing hydrocarbon recovery. A subsea wireline unit (capable of deploying slickline and electric line) was chosen to provide the services. This unit was selected because of its cost efficiency and capability to perform a fishing job without impacting platform space and weight restrictions on the floating production unit as would have been imposed by use of a drilling riser. This paper will provide the case history of these services, which were unique in that these were the first diverless subsea slickline jobs performed solely with remote-operated vehicle (ROV) support for manipulation or assistance. Slickline provided an effective solution for the operator's service requirement within the specified criteria. Because of the versatility of newly developed advanced systems, slickline equipment was able to meet the restrictions of weight and size on platforms to provide a more efficient alternative for services that traditionally require rig mobilization. As a result of the success of this operation, the operator is planning other subsea slickline services that will be performed without a drilling or jack-up rig. With the present economic climate of the oil-and-gas industry, the significant costs normally associated with heavy workover and drilling facilities have strengthened the need to find other ways to enhance cost efficiency in subsea workover scenarios. To support this trend, innovative methods that have expanded the scope of operations that can be performed on subsea wells without a drilling rig have now been introduced. As an example, plug and abandonment operations can be performed with subsea wireline intervention units and other coiled tubing and wireline intervention techniques rather than with a tensioned riser from an anchored drilling vessel or a jack-up rig. With the new methods, the deployment system for wireline and coiled tubing does not require special system modification—any standard wireline or coiled tubing unit can be used. These techniques will be discussed more fully in the paper.
Cobalt-Porphyrin-Platinum-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Nanostructures: A Novel Peroxidase Mimetic System For Improved Electrochemical Immunoassay (2015)

5,10,15,20-Tetraphenyl-21H,23H-porphine cobalt flat stacking on the reduced graphene oxide with platinum nanoparticles (PtNPs/CoTPP/rGO) were first synthesized and functionalized with monoclonal rabbit anti-aflatoxin B1 antibody (anti-AFB1) for highly efficient electrochemical immunoassay of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in this work. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and spectral techniques were employed to characterize the PtNPs/CoTPP/rGO hybrids. Using anti-AFB1-conjugated PtNPs/CoTPP/rGO as the signal-transduction tag, a novel non-enzymatic electrochemical immunosensing system was designed for detection of target AFB1 on the AFB1-bovine serum albumin-functionalized sensing interface. Experimental results revealed that the designed immunoassay could exhibit good electrochemical responses for target analyte and allowed the detection of AFB1 at a concentration as low as 5.0 pg mL(-1) (5.0 ppt). Intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation were below 10%. Importantly, the methodology was further validated for analyzing naturally contaminated or spiked blank peanut samples with consistent results obtained by AFB1 ELISA kit, thus providing a promising approach for quantitative monitoring of organic pollutants.
Preparation and Structures of [W(CH3)6], [Re(CH3)6], [Nb(CH3)6], and [Ta(CH3)6] (1998)

Varying degrees of distortion from trigonal-prismatic symmetry are observed in the crystal structure determinations of the title compounds. A strongly distorted trigonal-prismatic C3v symmetry was found for [W(CH3)6], a regular trigonal-prismatic symmetry for [Re(CH3)6], and both [Ta(CH3)6]− and [Nb(CH3)6]− show a slight distortion from an ideal trigonal prism. The reasons for these different distortions are discussed. The top view of [W(CH3)6] is shown on the right.
Common Therapeutic Targets in Cardiometabolic Disease (2014)

The interactions between cardiovascular disease (CVD) and insulin resistance syndromes suggest the possibility of joint targets for cardiometabolic research. The best drugs would go beyond minimizing adverse effects and have protective actions against both metabolic disease and CVD. In this perspective, we will outline a few examples in which a deep mechanistic understanding of the many cellular pathways that contribute to type 2 diabetes and CVD, regardless of cell type, have resulted in common upstream pathogenic pathways that can be therapeutically targeted.
Impact of pentadecapeptide BPC 157 on muscle healing impaired by systemic corticosteroid application. (2010)

BPC 157 completely reversed systemic corticosteroid-impaired muscle healing.
Identification, Modelling and Prediction of Non-periodic Bursts in Workloads (2010)

Non-periodic bursts are prevalent in workloads of large scale applications. Existing workload models do not predict such non-periodic bursts very well because they mainly focus on repeatable base functions. We begin by showing the necessity to include bursts in workload models by investigating their detrimental effects in a petabyte-scale distributed data management system. This work then makes three contributions. First, we analyse the accuracy of five existing prediction models on workloads of data and computational grids, as well as derived synthetic workloads. Second, we introduce a novel averages-based model to predict bursts in arbitrary workloads. Third, we present a novel metric, mean absolute estimated distance, to assess the prediction accuracy of the model. Using our model and metric, we show that burst behaviour in workloads can be identified, quantified and predicted independently of the underlying base functions. Furthermore, our model and metric are applicable to arbitrary kinds of burst prediction for time series.
Synthesis of Boron-Doped Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Tandem Intramolecular Electrophilic Arene Borylation (2015)

Tandem intramolecular electrophilic arene borylation was developed to facilitate access to B-doped polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). DFT calculations revealed that electrophilic arene borylation occurred via a four-membered ring transition state, in which C-B and H-Br bonds formed in a concerted manner. An organic light-emitting diode employing the B-doped PAH as an emitter and a B-doped PAH-based field-effect transistor were successfully fabricated, demonstrating the potential of B-doped PAHs in materials science.
Economists, institutions, and trade restrictions : a review article (1988)

A review article on the work of"practitioners of contemporary economic analysis of trade restrictions", this report focuses on three questions : a) are there holes in the case of free trade? B) Why are trade restrictions imposed, and c) how do US policy actions and those of other nations interact ? On the first question, though difficult to identify when there is profit to be captured by trade intervention and to design an appropriate trade intervention policy, capturing a strategic sector and economic rents is important to equity holders without necessarily being of much significance to the economy as a whole. Further, on trade restrictions, these are often aimed at non economic objectives, since economic sanctions tend to be used only when other instruments fail. As for the interaction of US policy actions versus other nations, they are a manifestation of protectionist legislation in the US Congress and perhaps indictments against GATT as wrong headed.
Addition of Carbon Dioxide to Dairy Products to Improve Quality: A Comprehensive Review (2006)

ABSTRACT: Changes in distribution patterns and demand for increased food quality have resulted in a desire to improve the shelf life of nonsterile dairy products. Refrigerated shelf life extension typically requires, at a minimum, reductions in the growth rate of spoilage microorganisms and subsequent product deterioration. Reducing initial bacterial loads, increasing pasteurization regimes, and reducing postprocessing contamination have all been employed with measured success. The use of antimicrobial additives has been discouraged primarily due to labeling requirements and perceived toxicity risks. Carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) is a naturally occurring milk component and inhibitory toward select dairy spoilage microorganisms; however, the precise mechanism is not fully understood. CO 2 addition through modified atmosphere packaging or direct injection as a cost‐effective shelf life extension strategy is used commercially worldwide for some dairy products and is being considered for others as well. New CO 2 technologies are being developed for improvements in the shelf life, quality, and yield of a diversity of dairy products, including raw and pasteurized milk, cheeses, cottage cheese, yogurt, and fermented dairy beverages. Here we present a comprehensive review of past and present research related to quality improvement of such dairy products using CO 2 .
Hormonal approaches to male contraception (2010)

Male hormonal contraception is efficacious, reversible and well tolerated for the target population of younger men in stable relationships. Suppression of spermatogenesis is achieved with a combination of an androgen and a progestin. Partnership with industry will accelerate the marketing of a male hormonal contraceptive. Research is ongoing on selective androgen and progesterone receptor modulators that suppress spermatogenesis, minimize potential adverse events while retaining the androgenic and gonadotropin suppressive actions.
An Amorphous Si High Speed Linear Image Sensor (1982)

An amorphous silicon thin film linear image sensor of a sandwich structure has been developed. The sensor consists of a transparent ITO as an upper electrode, an a-Si: H layer and Cr or Al lower electrodes. The a-Si: H layer is formed by RF glow discharge. These layers are deposited on a glass or ceramic substrate. The sensor has good photoelectric characteristics as follows: Photo-sensitivity is 10 -7 A/cm 2 1x, photo-response time is less than 0.5 ms and photo- to dark-current ratio is larger than 3×10 3 . The sensor can be operated by a -5 V single power source and this same power source can be used for the driving circuits. A 1056-bit, 8 bit/mm linear image sensor has been fabricated. Using the device, images of a document have been read and reproduced successfully.
Properties of Liquid Crystal Injection Mouldings (1987)

Abstract The suitability of liquid crystal polymers for the injection moulding process was pointed out at the time of their discovery. However, up to now, it has been assumed that the unmodified liquid crystal polymers were less suited to processing by injection moulding due to their distinct anisotropies. The direction of developments in the application of liquid crystal polymers was done mainly in another direction. We, however, have been concerned for more than four years now with this subject [3, 4, 5], even when our practical experiments could not be as comprehensive as we would wish, due to the limited availability of the raw materials. We have also been able to use this time to develop CAE programs which support the constructor in the design of injection moulds, whereby these programs enable the flow process to be simulated and therefore enabling the orientation to be seen at every point in the injection moulded part [6]. This is naturally particularly important for those materials in which the orientation of the molecules plays such a large part for the respective properties, as these are caused by the direction of the flows in the flow process. A changed runner position causes other orientations. More details should therefore be reported about our investigations to date.
Block of Stretch-Activated Ion Channels in <i>Xenopus</i> Oocytes by Gadolinium and Calcium Ions (1989)

Gadolinium ions produce three distinct kinds of block of the stretch-activated (SA) ion channels in Xenopus oocytes: a concentration-dependent reduction in channel open time, a concentration-dependent reduction in open channel current, and a unique, steeply concentration-dependent, reversible inhibition of channel opening. This last effect reduces the probability of a channel being open from about 10(-1) at 5 microM to less than 10(-5) at 10 microM gadolinium. Calcium has effects on open time and current similar to that of gadolinium, but this channel is permeable to calcium and calcium does not completely inhibit channel activity. The availability of a blocker for SA ion channels may help to define their physiological function, and will simplify the use of oocytes as an expression system for ion channels.
Family ACK tree (FAT): a new reliable multicast protocol for mobile ad hoc networks (2003)

This paper proposes a new protocol, called family ACK tree (FAT), to support reliable multicast service in ad hoc networks. FAT employs a tree-based recovery mechanism that localizes ACKs and retransmissions to avoid feedback implosion. To cope with node movements, FAT constructs an ACK tree in which each node maintains reachability information to three generations of family in the tree. When a tree is fragmented due to a departed node, the fragments will be glued back to the tree using the underlying multicast routing protocol. FAT then adopts an adaptive mechanism to recover missed packets that have been multicast to the group during fragmentation. We have conducted simulations to evaluate the performance of FAT and to compare FAT with the existing solution. The results show that FAT achieves better performance in providing reliable service in ad hoc networks, in terms of reliability, scalability, and delivery efficiency.
1,2-Aryl Shift in the Hypervalent Iodine Oxidation of Flavanones: A New Useful Synthesis of Isoflavones (1990)

Hypervalent iodine oxidation of flavanones 1a-g (2-aryl-2H-1-benzopyran-4(3H)-ones with [hydroxy(tosyloxy) iodo]benzene leads to a 1,2-aryl shift, providing a new useful route to isoflavones 3a-g (3-aryl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-ones).
Genetic predictors of the maximum doses patients receive during clinical use of the anti-epileptic drugs carbamazepine and phenytoin (2005)

Phenytoin and carbamazepine are effective and inexpensive anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs). As with many AEDs, a broad range of doses is used, with the final "maintenance" dose normally determined by trial and error. Although many genes could influence response to these medicines, there are obvious candidates. Both drugs target the alpha-subunit of the sodium channel, encoded by the SCN family of genes. Phenytoin is principally metabolized by CYP2C9, and both are probable substrates of the drug transporter P-glycoprotein. We therefore assessed whether variation in these genes associates with the clinical use of carbamazepine and phenytoin in cohorts of 425 and 281 patients, respectively. We report that a known functional polymorphism in CYP2C9 is highly associated with the maximum dose of phenytoin (P = 0.0066). We also show that an intronic polymorphism in the SCN1A gene shows significant association with maximum doses in regular usage of both carbamazepine and phenytoin (P = 0.0051 and P = 0.014, respectively). This polymorphism disrupts the consensus sequence of the 5' splice donor site of a highly conserved alternative exon (5N), and it significantly affects the proportions of the alternative transcripts in individuals with a history of epilepsy. These results provide evidence of a drug target polymorphism associated with the clinical use of AEDs and set the stage for a prospective evaluation of how pharmacogenetic diagnostics can be used to improve dosing decisions in the use of phenytoin and carbamazepine. Although the case made here is compelling, our results cannot be considered definitive or ready for clinical application until they are confirmed by independent replication.
Xpert<sup>®</sup>MTB/RIF for point-of-care diagnosis of TB in high-HIV burden, resource-limited countries: hype or hope? (2010)

Despite the identification of Mycobacterium tuberculosis as the cause of tuberculosis (TB) more than a century ago, diagnosing TB in resource-poor countries remains a challenge, especially in people living with HIV. In the past decade, important research investments have been made towards the development of new diagnostics for TB and the Xpert(®) MTB/RIF assay (Cepheid, CA, USA) has emerged as one of the most promising. In this article, we review the current knowledge on Xpert MTB/RIF, discuss the potential value of Xpert MTB/RIF as a point-of-care diagnostic for drug-sensitive and drug-resistant TB, and outline the potential indications for the assay in resource-limited, high-HIV burden settings. We also discuss key research questions that need to be addressed prior to possible large-scale implementation of the assay.
Bandpass and band-rejection filters using dispersive fibers (1989)

It is shown that bent optical fibers can have bandpass or band-rejection filter characteristics by selecting the core and cladding materials of appropriate index dispersions. The filter properties are caused by wavelength dependence on the index difference between the core and cladding. The spectral bending loss of dispersive fibres is calculated and their characteristics as in-line fibers are discussed. The magnitude of the loss depends strongly on the fiber curvature. The bending loss of curved optical fibers is evaluated to estimate the filter characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
All-optical header processor for packet switched networks (2003)

A serial all-optical header processing technique is presented that is based on the two-pulse correlation principle in a SLALOM configuration. The operation is demonstrated using optical data packets with a packet header at 2.5 Gbit/s and Manchester encoded packet payload at 10 Gbit/s. Experimental evidence is provided in the case of two different output ports. A Bragg grating assisted all-optical header pre-processor based on self-phase modulation in a semiconductor optical amplifier is also presented. It is shown that the header pre-processor improves the performance of the SLALOM-based header processor and that the packet structure can be simplified.