gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Pain in Patients with Cancer (2011)

Pain in patients with cancer can be refractory to pharmacological treatment or intolerable side effects of pharmacological treatment may seriously disturb patients' quality of life. Specific interventional pain management techniques can be an effective alternative for those patients. The appropriate application of these interventional techniques provides better pain control, allows the reduction of analgesics and hence improves quality of life. Until recently, the majority of these techniques are considered to be a fourth consecutive step following the World Health Organization's pain treatment ladder. However, in cancer patients, earlier application of interventional pain management techniques can be recommended even before considering the use of strong opioids. Epidural and intrathecal medication administration allow the reduction of the daily oral or transdermal opioid dose, while maintaining or even improving the pain relief and reducing the side effects. Cervical cordotomy may be considered for patients suffering with unilateral pain at the level below the dermatome C5. This technique should only be applied in patients with a life expectancy of less than 1 year. Plexus coeliacus block or nervus splanchnicus block are recommended for the management of upper abdominal pain due to cancer. Pelvic pain due to cancer can bemanaged with plexus hypogastricus block and the saddle or lower end block may be a last resort for patients suffering with perineal pain. Back pain due to vertebral compression fractures with or without pathological tumor invasion may be managed with percutaneous vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty. All these interventional techniques should be a part of multidisciplinary patient program.
An in-system reprogrammable 32 K*8 CMOS flash memory (1988)

The authors describe the design and performance of a 192-mil/sup 2/ 256 K (32 K*8) flash memory targeted for in-system reprogrammable applications. Developed from a 1.5 mu m EPROM base technology with a one-transistor 6*6- mu m/sup 2/ cell, the device electrically erases all cells in the array matrix in 200 ms and electrically programs at the rate of 100 mu s/byte typical. The read performance is equivalent to comparable-density CMOS EPROM devices with a chip-enable access time of 110 ns at 30-mA active current consumption. A command-port interface facilitates microprocessor-controlled reprogramming capability. Device reliability has been increased over byte-alterable EEPROMs by reducing the program power supply to 12 V. Cycling endurance experiments have demonstrated that the device is capable of more than 10000 erase/program cycles.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Capacitance Parameters of Discontinuities in Microstriplines (1978)

Capacitance components of microstrip equivalent circuit discontinuities of gaps and the T junctions have heen calculated using the quasi-static formulation. Comparison of the calculated results with experimental measurements where available show good agreement. The range of data extends that data previously published, and new results on parallel gaps also are included.
High Bandwidth FASTBUS Based Data Acquisition System for Imaging Coronary Arteries (1983)

This paper describes the construction of a data acquisition system which will support a minimally invasive replacement for coronary catheterization, generating digitized images of blood flow in the coronary arteries with the aid of a venous injection of x-ray contrast medium. Images generated by a Hamamatsu C1800 TV camera viewing a CGR x-ray image intensifier are digitized by an Analog Devices/Computer Labs MOD-1020/7120 10-bit 20 MHz ADC and then routed to a VICOM model 1500 digital image processing system. Discusses functional specifications and system design. Points out that the FASTBUS system contains three basic items which are interfaced to a single standard FASTBUS crate: a VAX host interface; 64 megabytes of commercial bulk memory; and a DMA controller for moving data from the VICOM into the bulk memory.
Fluorescence analysis of chromium-doped forsterite (Mg/sub 2/SiO/sub 4/) (1991)

The polarized absorption spectra, emission spectra, and fluorescence dynamics of Cr:forsterite are presented and analyzed in detail. At least three different kinds of emitting centers are identified by time-resolved spectroscopy. These correspond to two sorts of octahedrally coordinated Cr/sup 3+/ ions and one Cr/sup 4+/ with various possible environments. The infrared laser active center is identified with the latter species, and its infrared absorption and emission properties are attributed to excited state-ground state optical transitions without any thermalization process into the excited state.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Naphthaloyl group: a new selective amino protecting group for deoxynucleosides in oligonucleotide synthesis (1988)

The naphthaloyl group has been found to be a selective amino protecting group for deoxycytidine, deoxyadenosine, and deoxyguanosine in oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis. All three protected monomers obtained (78–85%), being six-membered cyclic imides, were fairly stable. These protected monomers were used successfully for the preparation of dimers (phosphodiester approach) and tetramers (phosphotriester approach) in solution as well as solid phase, respectively. The group acted as a purification tool due to its high lipophilicity. No adverse effect has been observed either on the glycosidic bond (depurination) or the internucleotidic bond during its removal. The monomeric units were characterized by UV, NMR, and elemental analyses whereas the tetramers were characterized by enzymatic hydrolyses with snake venom phosphodiesterase followed by alkaline phosphatase.
Non-hemolytic enterotoxin of<i>Bacillus cereus</i>induces apoptosis in Vero cells (2016)

Bacillus cereus is an opportunistic pathogen that often causes foodborne infectious diseases and food poisoning. Non-hemolytic enterotoxin (Nhe) is the major toxin found in almost all enteropathogenic B. cereus and B. thuringiensis isolates. However, little is known about the cellular response after Nhe triggered pore formation on cell membrane. Here, we demonstrate that Nhe induced cell cycle arrest at G<sub>0</sub> /G<sub>1</sub> phase and provoked apoptosis in Vero cells, most likely associated with mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and death receptor pathways. The influx of extracellular calcium ions and increased level of reactive oxygen species in cytoplasm were sensed by apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1 (ASK1) and p38 MAPK. Extrinsic death receptor Fas could also promote the activation of p38 MAPK. Subsequently, ASK1 and p38 MAPK triggered downstream caspase-8 and 3 to initiate apoptosis. Our results clearly demonstrate that ASK1, and Fas-p38 MAPK-mediated caspase-8 dependent pathways are involved in apoptotic cell death provoked by the pore-forming enterotoxin Nhe.
The role of action observation in rehabilitation of motor deficits (2005)

Traditional bottom-up neurorehabilitative approaches to the treatment of motor deficits after stroke are of proven value and have their established place in the treatment schemas. Experimental data suggest that motor observation is capable of activation of the same cortical motor areas that are involved in the performance of the observed actions, constituting a physiologically based top-down mechanism of motor activation. Action observation along with reinforcement by actual action execution combines both bottom-up and top-down approaches and provides a potentially powerful tool for neurorehabilitation.
APPLICATION OF THE “SCALE OF COMBINED INFLUENCE” TO EXPLAIN THE IONIZATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND A REPLY TO THE CRITICISM OF C. G. DERICK. (1912)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTAPPLICATION OF THE "SCALE OF COMBINED INFLUENCE" TO EXPLAIN THE IONIZATION CONSTANTS OF ORGANIC ACIDS AND A REPLY TO THE CRITICISM OF C. G. DERICK.Arthur MichaelCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1912, 34, 7, 849–855Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1912Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1912https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02208a001https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02208a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The drifting human genome (2007)

Around the time of the completion of the draft human genome sequence, biologists heatedly debated the number of genes contained in the human genome. In 2003, GeneSweep, an informal gene-count betting pool that began at the 2000 Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Genome Meeting, announced Lee Rowen of the Institute of Systems Biology in Seattle to be the winner. His bet (25,946) was the lowest and was closest to what many computer programs predicted from the then draft human genome sequence (1). But, in this issue of PNAS, Nozawa, Kawahara, and Nei (2) tell us that asking about the exact number of human genes is meaningless, because different human individuals have different numbers of genes, and it is not uncommon for one person to have 100 more gene copies than another person. They argue that this large variation reflects genomic drift, random changes of gene copy number in evolution.
Design and implementation of single antenna polarimetric active radar calibrators (2002)

An outline of the theory, design, and implementation of the L and C-band single antenna PARCs (polarimetric active radar calibrators) developed for NASA and JPL at the University of Michigan is presented. The C band PARC system underwent various phase and amplitude tests within anechoic chamber and actual field deployment environments. The maximum RCS (radar cross section) response obtainable with this system, namely 40 dBsm is demonstrated. In this case, the PARC receives a vertically polarized signal which is amplified, delayed, and transmitted back to the SAR (synthetic aperture radar) platform with a horizontal polarization. This orientation also yields a cross polarization isolation of 38 dB. A PARC is most useful, however, when its aperture is rotated by 45/spl deg/; this orientation allows a complete calibration of the Mueller matrix.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effects of Flow Patterns on the Localization and Expression of VE-Cadherin at Vascular Endothelial Cell Junctions: In vivo and in vitro Investigations (2005)

Atherosclerosis occurs preferentially at vascular curvature and branch sites where the vessel walls are exposed to fluctuating shear stress and have high endothelial permeability. Endothelial permeability is modulated by intercellular adhesion molecules such as VE-cadherin. This study was designed to elucidate the effects of different flow patterns on the localization and expression of VE-cadherin in endothelial cells (ECs) both in vivo and in vitro. VE-cadherin staining at EC borders was much stronger in the descending thoracic aorta and abdominal aorta, where the pulsatile flow has a strong net forward component than in the aortic arch and the poststenotic dilatation site beyond an experimental constriction, where the flow near the wall is complex and reciprocating with little net flow. With the use of flow chambers the effects of pulsatile flow (12 +/- 4 dyn/cm2 at 1 Hz) and reciprocating flow (0.5 +/- 4 dyn/cm2 at 1 Hz) on VE-cadherin organization in endothelial monolayers were studied in vitro. VE-cadherin staining was continuous along cell borders in static controls. Following 6 h of either pulsatile or reciprocating flow, the VE-cadherin staining at cell borders became intermittent. When the pulsatile flow was extended to 24, 48 or 72 h the staining around the cell borders became continuous again, but the staining was still intermittent when the reciprocating flow was similarly extended. Exposure to pulsatile or reciprocating flow for 6 and 24 h neither change the expression level of VE-cadherin nor its distribution between membrane and cytosol fractions as determined by Western blot and compared with static controls. These findings suggest that the cell junction remodeling induced by different flow patterns may result from a redistribution of VE-cadherin within the cell membrane. Both the in vivo and in vitro data indicate that pulsatile and reciprocating flow patterns have different effects on cell junction remodeling. The lack of junction reorganization in regions of reciprocating flow in vivo and in vitro may provide a mechanistic basis for the high permeability and the preferential localization of atherosclerosis in regions of the arterial stress with complex flow patterns and fluctuating shear stress.
Blood–materials interactions: The minimum interfacial free energy and the optimum polar/apolar ratio hypotheses (1982)

Numerous hypotheses exist to explain observed blood-materials interactions. It is the purpose of this article to test two popular hypotheses, namely, the minimum interfacial free energy hypothesis and the optimum polar/apolar ratio hypothesis. Methacrylate polymers and copolymers were characterized using the captive bubble underwater contact angle method; bulk water content was determined by gravimetric methods; streaming potential measurements were made; and surface roughness and possible particulate contamination were evaluated by reflected light microscopy. In vitro blood tests include whole blood clotting time measurements on polymer-coated tubes; centrifugal force platelet adhesion on polymer-coated coverslips; and a measure of the partial thromboplastin time, Russell's viper venom time (Stypven time), and the prothrombin time of native whole blood exposed to polymer-coated microscope slides. Results suggest that platelet adhesion correlates in the opposite direction of whole blood clotting time and partial thromboplastin time, emphasizing the need for a multiparameter approach to blood-materials testing. Based on these tests the minimum interfacial free energy hypothesis is not supported. In fact, the data suggest the opposite to be true. It is apparent that platelet adhesion can be a misleading indicator of blood compatibility. Neither hypothesis can explain the apparent conflict between the platelet adhesion data and the coagulation time data.
Fluorenone-photosensitized isomerization of trans-stilbene. Inefficiencies both in intersystem crossing and in triplet excitation transfer (1971)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorenone-photosensitized isomerization of trans-stilbene. Inefficiencies both in intersystem crossing and in triplet excitation transferRichard A. Caldwell and Robert P. GajewskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1971, 93, 2, 532–534Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1971https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00731a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00731a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views170Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Isolation and sequence analysis of bovine .ALPHA.s1-casein cDNA clone. (1984)

Poly(A+) RNAwas isolated from lactating cow mammary gland and cDNAwas synthesized by a method which resulted in a high yield of products containing complete 5'-terminal mRNAsequences. Transformants were screened with a HaelU-EcoRI fragment for bovine αs1-casein CDNA[M. Maki, M. Nagao, M. Hirose and H. Chiba, Agric. Biol Chem., 47, 441 (1983)]. A CDNAclone was isolated that contained the full length of αs1-casein mRNAand its nucleotide sequence was determined. The amino acid sequence predicted from the nucleotide sequence was in good agreement with that determined with the purified mature αs1-casein. The signal peptide consisting of 15 amino acids was identical to that of ovine αs1-casein. High homology at the nucleotide sequence level in the signal peptide region and in the 5'-untranslated region was found between rat α-casein and bovine αs1-casein.
Effective Operator Formalism in Optical Pumping (1967)

Real and virtual absorption of weak monochromatic light is analyzed with semiclassical radiation theory. The influence of the light on the atoms is described by an effective ground-state Hamiltonian operator, and the effect of the atoms on the light is described by a dielectric susceptibility operator. These operators are expressed explicitly in terms of familiar ground-state observables, angular factors, oscillator strengths, and plasma dispersion functions. The theory gives a comprehensive description of optical pumping, light shifts, and light modulation due to real and virtual absorption of light, and several new effects are predicted. Repopulation of the atomic ground state from a polarized excited state is not considered in this paper.
Antigenic relatedness of two strains of hepatitis A virus determined by cross-neutralization (1983)

Cell culture-adapted HM-175 (Australia) and PA-21 (Panama) strains of hepatitis A virus were compared in a cross-neutralization radioimmunofocus inhibition assay. The ratio of antibody titers achieved with two sera against the two viruses differed by less than twofold, indicating a high degree of antigenic relatedness between epidemiologically disparate strains of virus.
Chip with Twin Anchors for Reduced Ion Suppression and Improved Mass Accuracy in MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry (2005)

A new sample target for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry is described. The target consists of pairs of elevated hydrophilic anchor surfaces, positioned in proximity onto a microchip. The anchors are used to obtain separate preparations of sample and external standard, while both anchor surfaces are irradiated simultaneously by the laser pulse. Using a standard, based on six peptides, a 2-fold improvement in mass accuracy is observed. Also, ion suppression is significantly reduced. With a one peptide calibration standard, 22 tryptic fragments from a BSA digest are detected using the twin-anchor concept, whereas only 14 fragments are detected when the sample and standard are laser-ablated as a mixture from a conventional anchor target. A volume of approximately 30 pL of sample solution of angiotensin I is transferred to the anchor surface, under a thin layer of a perfluorocarbon, to prevent a concentration bias due to evaporation. With this arrangement, a detection limit of 1.5 amol was achieved with a signal-to-noise ratio of 22:1.
Regulation of oxygen affinity by quaternary enhancement: Does hemoglobin ypsilanti represent an allosteric intermediate? (1992)

Recent crystallographic studies on the mutant human hemoglobin Ypsilanti (beta 99 Asp-->Tyr) have revealed a previously unknown quaternary structure called "quaternary Y" and suggested that the new structure may represent an important intermediate in the cooperative oxygenation pathway of normal hemoglobin. Here we measure the oxygenation and subunit assembly properties of hemoglobin Ypsilanti and five additional beta 99 mutants (Asp beta 99-->Val, Gly, Asn, Ala, His) to test for consistency between their energetics and those of the intermediate species of normal hemoglobin. Overall regulation of oxygen affinity in hemoglobin Ypsilanti is found to originate entirely from 2.6 kcal of quaternary enhancement, such that the tetramer oxygenation affinity is 85-fold higher than for binding to the dissociated dimers. Equal partitioning of this regulatory energy among the four tetrameric binding steps (0.65 kcal per oxygen) leads to a noncooperative isotherm with extremely high affinity (pmedian = .14 torr). Temperature and pH studies of dimer-tetramer assembly and sulfhydryl reaction kinetics suggest that oxygenation-dependent structural changes in hemoglobin Ypsilanti are small. These properties are quite different from the recently characterized allosteric intermediate, which has two ligands bound on the same side of the alpha 1 beta 2 interface (see ref. 1 for review). The combined results do, however, support the view that quaternary Y may represent the intermediate cooperativity state of normal hemoglobin that binds the last oxygen.
Perineural invasion as a predictor of recurrence of gastric cancer (1994)

The evaluation of PNI is useful in determining the prognosis of gastric cancer of T2 class with no serosal invasion.
Autophosphorylation of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. (1992)

Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) releases internal stores of calcium by binding to a specific membrane receptor which includes both the IP3 recognition site as well as the associated calcium channel. The IP3 receptor is regulated by ATP, calcium, and phosphorylation by protein kinase A, protein kinase C, and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. Its cDNA sequence predicts at least two consensus sequences where nucleotides might bind, and direct binding of ATP to the IP3 receptor has been demonstrated. In the present study, we demonstrate autophosphorylation of the purified and reconstituted IP3 receptor on serine and find serine protein kinase activity of the IP3 receptor toward a specific peptide substrate. Several independent purification procedures do not separate the IP3 receptor protein from the phosphorylating activity, and many different protein kinase activators and inhibitors do not identify protein kinases as contaminants. Also, renaturation experiments reveal autophosphorylation of the monomeric receptor on polyvinylidene difluoride membranes.