gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Description of a Marine Fishes Cestode with the Discussion on the Third Nutrition Manner (2014)

The authors investigated the marine fish cestodes in Zhanjiang 2000s at the coast of South China Sea. Many specimen of fish cestodes were collected, in which 27 samples collected from Navodon sp. are belonging to Genus Anchistrocephalus. The description of the cestode is as follows: middle worm, with a length of 10~382, proglottids numbered 35~931. Biggest width of the worm is 4.28. Scolex Rectangle, measured 0.478~0.612×0.350~0.484, with an apical disc, 0.197~0.313 near to the disc there are 10 rows of staggering hooks. Neck absent. Taped structure with distinct segmentation, the ratio of width and length of proglottid is not definite. Immature proglottid measured 0.201~0.823×0.331~1.187, while mature proglottids 0.473~0.909×0.829~2.561, gravid proglottid 0.196~0.702×1.483~3.505. Male organs: numerous testes irregularly shaped located in medullary abdomen both side and gathered in the end of the proglottid; cirrus sac is liking a long peared shaped, 0.447 ~ 0.535×0.123 ~ 0.145, cirrus pore alternated both sides irregularly. The cirrus slender, measured 0.330~0.434, with denseness spines on it. The diameter of cirrus is 0.063, open hole, 0.048. Female organs: ovary posterior, measured 0.290~0.388×0.190~0.308, medullary. Vitelline glands distributed both side near the discharge tube follicle, the uterus is tube like, opens in the central abdomen and did not contact the genital pore, numbered 39~84, measured 0.052 ~ 0.062×0.031~ 0.037. For lacking documents the species cannot be identified to species. The special condition of the cestode is that it discharge eggs rather than gravid proglottids and the empty proglottids keep on the body and are absorbed gradually. And this would be a new nutrition manner for Animalia, and it is called by the authors. As we know animal nutrition manners are mainly phytotrophic and heterotrophic at present shown by all scientific documents, but the authors stated here the third one which is suggested to be named as autotrophy (self-absorption) based on the research. Many animals such as sea squirt, frog even human being carried on this nutrition manner.
Hydrothermally Robust Molecular Sieve Silica for Wet Gas Separation (2006)

Abstract A major challenge in silica membranes for gas separation is to maintain a robust pore structure in the presence of steam. In this work, use of a carbonized template is proposed to reduce damage to the pore structure by inhibiting silica migration along the membrane pore surface. This departs from the conventional wisdom of creating hydrophobic surfaces to achieve hydrostability. The carbonized‐template molecular sieve silica (CTMSS) membranes can then be applied to clean‐energy systems such as hydrogen separation and carbon dioxide sequestration, and membrane reactors where steam is present.
Genetic dissection of DNA binding and luminescence gene activation by the Vibrio fischeri LuxR protein (1992)

The Vibrio fischeri luminescence (lux) genes are regulated by the 250-amino-acid-residue LuxR protein and a V. fischeri metabolite termed autoinducer. The V. fischeri lux regulon consists of two divergently transcribed units. Autoinducer and LuxR activate transcription of the luxICDABE operon and autoregulate the luxR transcriptional unit. LuxR proteins with C-terminal truncations of up to 40 amino acid residues coded by plasmids with luxR 3'-deletion mutations are functional in negative autoregulation as demonstrated by using a luxR::lacZ transcriptional fusion as a luxR promoter probe in Escherichia coli. The truncated LuxR proteins showed little or no ability to activate transcription of luxICDABE, as indicated by using luminescence as a sensitive indicator of promoter strength in E. coli. Besides having no detectable activity as positive regulators of luxICDABE, LuxR proteins with C-terminal truncations of more than 40 amino acid residues had reduced or no detectable activity as negative autoregulators. The results suggest that amino acid residues in LuxR prior to no. 211 are sufficient for lux DNA binding. Residues in the region of 211 to 250 constitute a C-terminal tail that appears to be involved in activation of luxICDABE transcription either by interacting physically with the transcription initiation complex or by affecting lux DNA in the vicinity of the promoter.
Persistent Infection of Humans with Hepatitis B Virus: Mechanisms and Consequences (1982)

Although most infections of humans with hepatitis B virus are self-limited, up to 10% of individuals experiencing primary infection remain persistently infected. These individuals are usually asymptomatic but may suffer episodic or progressive liver injury that can result in cirrhosis and liver failure. In addition, chronic infection with hepatitis B virus is, in certain settings, associated with the late development of primary hepatocellular carcinoma. This review summarizes the biological characteristics of persistent viral infection, with particular emphasis on host and viral factors that affect the outcome of primary infection.
Design of triplexer combiners for base stations of mobile communications (2010)

This work presents a design technique for a class of combining networks used in base stations for mobile communications; the considered network is a triplexer composed by three high selectivity filters presenting arbitrary transmission zeros (both complex and pure imaginary), which are connected at the input port through a suitable 4-port junction. A technique for the design of this combining network is here proposed, which extends a previous approach used for duplexer networks. The design consists in a procedure for the evaluation of the characteristic polynomials of the three composing filters (defined in a normalized frequency domain), once the input junction topology and the transmission zeros of the filters have been assigned. The network synthesized from the characteristic polynomials presents the same reflection zeros of the three filters synthesized separated from the triplexer with an equiripple response in their respective passband; in this way the overall synthesized triplexer presents a quasi-equiripple response in the three passbands. The proposed design approach has been verified through a fabricated prototype, whose measured performance is in good agreement with the expected response obtained from the synthesized network.
Packet classification using tuple space search (1999)

Routers must perform packet classification at high speeds to efficiently implement functions such as firewalls and QoS routing. Packet classification requires matching each packet against a database of filters (or rules), and forwarding the packet according to the highest priority filter. Existing filter schemes with fast lookup time do not scale to large filter databases. Other more scalable schemes work for 2-dimensional filters, but their lookup times degrade quickly with each additional dimension. While there exist good hardware solutions, our new schemes are geared towards software implementation.We introduce a generic packet classification algorithm, called Tuple Space Search (TSS). Because real databases typically use only a small number of distinct field lengths, by mapping filters to tuples even a simple linear search of the tuple space can provide significant speedup over naive linear search over the filters. Each tuple is maintained as a hash table that can be searched in one memory access. We then introduce techniques for further refining the search of the tuple space, and demonstrate their effectiveness on some firewall databases. For example, a real database of 278 filters had a tuple space of 41 which our algorithm prunes to 11 tuples. Even as we increased the filter database size from 1K to 100K (using a random two-dimensional filter generation model), the number of tuples grew from 53 to only 186, and the pruned tuples only grew from 1 to 4. Our Pruned Tuple Space search is also the only scheme known to us that allows fast updates and fast search times. We also show a lower bound on the general tuple space search problem, and describe an optimal algorithm, called Rectangle Search, for two-dimensional filters.
Design rule development for microwave flip chip applications (2003)

This paper presents a novel approach for analysis of factors to be considered when designing a flip chip package. It includes the design of an experiment and statistical analysis of the outputs. The most significant factors are found to be, from most to least important, the length of the area where the device and the substrate overlap (referred to as conductor overlap), the bump diameter and the width of the coplanar waveguide transmission line launch. These results are valid for conductor overlaps between 300 and 500 /spl mu/m. For a lower overlap value (120 /spl mu/m), the bump height also becomes significant. The substrate thickness in the 10 to 25 mil interval is found to be statistically insignificant, and therefore can be eliminated from further analysis.
A multifunctional androgen receptor screening assay using the high‐throughput Hypercyt<sup>®</sup> flow cytometry system (2008)

The androgen receptor (AR) is a steroid hormone receptor which regulates transcription of androgen-sensitive genes and is responsible for the development and maintenance of male secondary sexual characteristics. Chemicals that interfere with AR activity may lead to pathological conditions in androgen-sensitive tissues. A variety of reporter systems have been developed, driven by androgen-sensitive promoters, which screen for chemicals that modulate androgenic activity. We have developed a flexible, high-throughput AR transcriptional activation assay, designated the Multifunctional Androgen Receptor Screening (MARS) assay, to facilitate the identification of novel modulators of AR transcriptional activity using flow cytometry. Androgen-independent human prostate cancer-derived PC3 cells were transiently cotransfected with an expression vector for the wild-type human AR and an androgen-sensitive promoter regulating the expression of destabilized enhanced GFP (dsEGFP). The transfected cells were stimulated with established androgenic and antiandrogenic compounds and assessed for increased or decreased dsEGFP expression. To screen for antagonists of AR transcription, the AR agonist R1881 was coadministered at submaximal concentrations with potential AR antagonists. The assay was formatted for high-throughput screening using the HyperCyt flow cytometry system. Agents with established androgenic and antiandrogenic activity were used for validation of the MARS assay. AR agonists were found to potently induce dsEGFP. Furthermore, AR agonists induced dsEGFP expression in a dose-dependent manner. Alternatively, AR antagonists blocked dsEGFP expression when coadministered with low-dose R1881, which also occurred in a dose-dependent manner. Modulators of AR transcriptional activity can be successfully identified by the MARS assay, utilizing a rapid, flexible, sensitive, and high-throughput format. Dose-response curves can be successfully generated for these compounds, allowing for an assessment of potency. Because of its simplicity and high-throughput compatibility, the MARS assay and HyperCyt system combined with flow cytometric analysis represents a valuable and novel addition to the current repertoire of AR transcriptional activation screening assays.
Some Properties of Diastereomers formed in the Reactions of<i>N</i>-Ethylmaleimide with Biological Thiols (1985)

Journal Article Some Properties of Diastereomers formed in the Reactions of N-Ethylmaleimide with Biological Thiols Get access Toyo Kuninori, Toyo Kuninori Department of Natural Science, Osaka Women’s University, Daisen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka 590, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Junko Nishiyama Junko Nishiyama Department of Natural Science, Osaka Women’s University, Daisen-cho, Sakai-shi, Osaka 590, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 49, Issue 8, 1 August 1985, Pages 2453–2454, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1985.10867100 Published: 01 August 1985 Article history Received: 09 November 1984 Published: 01 August 1985
Magneto-Rheological Dampers for Super-sport Motorcycle Applications (2003)

In recent years, a flurry of interest has been shown for a relatively old technology called magneto-rheological fluids, or MR fluids. Multiple types of devices have been designed to implement this versatile fluid, including linear dampers, clutches, work-piece fixtures, and polishing machines. The devices have been used in automobiles, washing machines, bicycles, prosthetic limbs, and even smart structures. This thesis focuses on another application of MR dampers, involving super-sport motorcycles. This paper introduces the topics of MR dampers and motorcycle suspensions, and why the two would be a good combination. A detailed history of MR fluids, MR dampers, and motorcycle suspension technologies is given next. After a broad outline of MR dampers and motorcycle suspensions, the method of designing and manufacturing MR dampers is discussed. The damper design for this research is presented in detail, along with the design procedure used to make it. Next, laboratory testing for it is covered, including the test equipment, test procedure, and the laboratory test results. Upon laboratory test completion, the field test setup and procedure are presented. The results of field tests with stock dampers and MR dampers with a variety of control systems is discussed. The MR dampers provided a more stable ride than that of the OEM dampers. By reducing suspension displacement, settling time, and suspension oscillations, the MR dampers were able to reduce suspension geometry instability. Lastly, concluding remarks are made on the research presented. Design flaws are discussed, as well as recommendations for future work in the same area.
Low-loss fiber accessible plasmon waveguide for planar energy guiding and sensing (2004)

A metal nanoparticle plasmon waveguide for electromagnetic energy transport utilizing dispersion engineering to increase lateral energy confinement via a two-dimensional pattern of Au dots on an optically thin Si membrane is described. Using finite-difference time-domain simulations and coupled-mode theory, we show that phase-matched evanescent excitation from conventional fiber tapers is possible with efficiencies &gt;90% for realistic geometries. Energy loss in this waveguide is mainly due to material absorption, allowing for 1/e energy decay distances of about 320 μm for excitation at telecommunication frequencies. This concept can be extended to the visible regime and promises applications in optical energy guiding, optical sensing, and switching.
IL-4 and IL-13 activate the JAK2 tyrosine kinase and Stat6 in cultured human vascular endothelial cells through a common pathway that does not involve the gamma c chain. (1996)

IL-4 and IL-13 each act on human endothelial cells (ECs) to induce expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1. On hematopoietic cells. IL-4 responses may be mediated either through a pathway involving gc, the common signaling subunit of the IL-2, IL-4, IL-7, IL-9, and IL-15 receptors, or through a gc-independent pathway that may be alternatively activated by IL-13. We find that human ECs do not express gc, as detected by indirect immunofluorescence and FACS analysis or by a reverse transcription-PCR method. Like IL-4, IL-13 activates a protein tyrosine kinase that phosphorylates the IL-4R binding protein. In addition, we find that IL-4 and IL-13 each induce tyrosine phosphorylation of the JAK2 tyrosine kinase. Furthermore, both IL-4 and IL-13 induce binding of the Stat6 transcription factor to a consensus sequence oligonucleotide. We conclude that the IL-4 response of human ECs involves the IL-13 shared pathway that is independent of gc, and uses JAK2-Stat6 signaling.
Atrial Fibrillation Ablation with Esophageal Cooling with a Cooled Water‐Irrigated Intraesophageal Balloon: A Pilot Study (2006)

Introduction: A left atrioesophageal fistula is an uncommon but devastating complication that may occur during atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation, and may be due to thermal injury occurring during the radiofrequency (RF) ablation. We examined the feasibility of an esophageal cooling (ECO) method using a cooled water‐irrigated intraesophageal balloon (IB). Methods and Results: Eight patients with drug‐refractory AF underwent RF catheter ablation to encircle the ipsilateral pulmonary veins. During the RF ablation at the posterior left atrium, the esophageal lumen was cooled using a 9‐Fr. IB catheter with a balloon length of 40 mm and diameter of 10 mm, in which cooled water, with a water temperature of 4.5 ± 3.1 °C, was irrigated while the luminal esophageal temperature (LET) was measured with an intraesophageal probe placed at a site close to the tip of the ablation catheter. In the control, the LET increased from 36.4 ± 0.8 °C to 40.5 ± 1.7 °C within 26.1 ± 8.2 seconds during 3.9 ± 1.2 RF energy applications, whereas with the ECO the LET decreased to 30.2 ± 2.9 °C at baseline (P<0.01 vs control), and increased only to 33.5 ± 2.9 °C (P<0.01 vs control) at most, within 30 seconds during 3.9 ± 1.2 RF energy applications. All pulmonary veins were successfully isolated in all patients without any complications. During a follow‐up period of 3.1 ± 1.2 months, no esophageal injuries were observed and all but one patient have been free from any symptoms. Conclusions: Use of an IB successfully lowers LET. This might have the potential of preventing esophageal injury, although further study is required.
The ontogeny of exploratory behavior in the house rat (<i>Rattus rattus</i>): The mobility gradient (1988)

Infants of rats and other mammals respond to a novel environment by becoming immobile, and then showing a process of motorial expansion called "warm-up." Starting from immobility, new types of movement are incorporated into the stream of behavior according to rather strict rules of order. Once a new type of movement has been performed, the infant reverts to it repeatedly. As a result, the earlier portion of the behavior appears stereotyped, giving the impression of an automatism. Later, as new types of movement are added to the infant's repertoire, the movement becomes increasingly rich and unpredictable, giving the impression of "free" behavior. The same rules of order operate within "warm-up" sequences of movement, and across such sequences, day by day. Concurrently, there is an increase in the amplitude of movements, resulting in a gradual expansion of the portion of the environment explored by the infant. The same rules of order seem to operate in the development of locomotion in more primitive vertebrates. In rats under the action of psychoactive drugs, the "warm-up" sequence is performed in reverse.
A New Class of Fluorinated Polymers by a Mild, Selective, and Quantitative Fluorination (1998)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTA New Class of Fluorinated Polymers by a Mild, Selective, and Quantitative FluorinationYu Ren, Timothy P. Lodge, and Marc A. HillmyerView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 27, 6830–6831Publication Date (Web):June 23, 1998Publication History Received20 April 1998Published online23 June 1998Published inissue 13 June 1998https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja981316yhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja981316yrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1998 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views808Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Halogenation,Insulators,Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy,Polymers,Precursors Get e-Alerts
Pichia pastoris-Expressed Dengue 2 Envelope Forms Virus-Like Particles without Pre-Membrane Protein and Induces High Titer Neutralizing Antibodies (2013)

Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease with a global prevalence. It is caused by four closely-related dengue viruses (DENVs 1-4). A dengue vaccine that can protect against all four viruses is an unmet public health need. Live attenuated vaccine development efforts have encountered unexpected interactions between the vaccine viruses, raising safety concerns. This has emphasized the need to explore non-replicating dengue vaccine options. Virus-like particles (VLPs) which can elicit robust immunity in the absence of infection offer potential promise for the development of non-replicating dengue vaccine alternatives. We have used the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris to develop DENV envelope (E) protein-based VLPs. We designed a synthetic codon-optimized gene, encoding the N-terminal 395 amino acid residues of the DENV-2 E protein. It also included 5' pre-membrane-derived signal peptide-encoding sequences to ensure proper translational processing, and 3' 6× His tag-encoding sequences to facilitate purification of the expressed protein. This gene was integrated into the genome of P. pastoris host and expressed under the alcohol oxidase 1 promoter by methanol induction. Recombinant DENV-2 protein, which was present in the insoluble membrane fraction, was extracted and purified using Ni(2+)-affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions. Amino terminal sequencing and detection of glycosylation indicated that DENV-2 E had undergone proper post-translational processing. Electron microscopy revealed the presence of discrete VLPs in the purified protein preparation after dialysis. The E protein present in these VLPs was recognized by two different conformation-sensitive monoclonal antibodies. Low doses of DENV-2 E VLPs formulated in alum were immunogenic in inbred and outbred mice eliciting virus neutralizing titers >1,1200 in flow cytometry based assays and protected AG129 mice against lethal challenge (p<0.05). The formation of immunogenic DENV-2 E VLPs in the absence of pre-membrane protein highlights the potential of P. pastoris in developing non-replicating, safe, efficacious and affordable dengue vaccine.