gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
FPGA Acceleration of MultiFactor CDO Pricing (2011)

The last decade has seen a significant growth in the financial industry. The recent widespread use of Internet technology has increased the accessibility of the general population to financial data, thereby increasing the average portfolio size. This increase, compounded by the need for accurate real-time results, has led to a rising demand for faster risk simulations. Often, accurately pricing widespread instruments, such as Collateralized Debt Obligations (CDOs), can take excessively long due to their multifactor assets dependency. We present a hardware implementation for a MultiFactor Gaussian Copula (MFGC) CDO pricing algorithm. Through a detailed benchmark exploration we demonstrate how reconfigurable hardware could be used to exploit fine-grain parallelism. Our results show that our implementation mapped onto a Xilinx Virtex 5 (XC5VSX50T) FPGA is over 71 times faster than corresponding software running on a single core 3.4 GHz Intel Xeon processor.
Membrane-bound hemichrome in density-separated cohorts of normal (AA) and sickled (SS) cells. (1982)

The presence of bound heme pigment was compared in membranes of AA and SS cells. Spectophotometric study of membranes prepared by hypotonic lysis and washed free of hemoglobin revealed the presence of an irreversibly oxidized hemoglobin derivative, HCh. SS cell membranes contained significantly more HCh than did the AA cell membranes. When red cells were separated into cohorts of various density on a discontinuous density gradient of Stractan, washed membranes from the highest-density AA cells had significantly more HCh than did the remainder. In contrast, when density-separated SS cells were studied, no significant difference could be demonstrated in the HCh content of membranes from various cohorts.
Synthesis of 2′,3′-Didehydro-2′,3′-Dideoxy-3′-C-Methyl Substituted Nucleosides (1993)

Abstract 1-(2,3-Dideoxy-3-C-hydroxmethyl-β-D-threo-pentofuranosyl) -,1- (2,3-didehydro-2,3-dideoxy-3-C-hydroxymethyl-β-D-glycero- pentofuranosyl) -and 1-(3-C-azidomethyl-2,3-dideoxy-3-C-hydroxymethyl-β-D-glycero- pentofuranosyl)uracil, thymine and cytosine were synthesized and evaluated for anti-HIV activity. The synthetic strategy was based on an allylic alcohol transposition of the corresponding 3′-C-methylene-nucleoside analogues.
The operation of Australian central bank controls (2014)

The article outlines the evolution of the Australian credit control mechanism up to present day; describes its modus operandi and the complex variety of instruments at disposal of the Central Bank (“special accounts”; direction related to advances in various classes and for various purposes; control of interest rates; etc.); and discusses the criticisms made by banking circles who would favour a more flexible and less “authoritarian” system. The emphasis placed on compulsion, however, is in the author’s opinion, “a necessary consequence of the relative immaturity of the Australian financial institutions which does not allow of the adoption of the more sophisticated methods of credit controls worked out for the more mature economic and banking systems”. JEL: E52, E58
Regioselective Bromination of Organic Substrates by Tetrabutylammonium Bromide Promoted by V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>−H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>:  An Environmentally Favorable Synthetic Protocol (2000)

[reaction: see text] Vanadium pentoxide very effectively promotes the bromination of organic substrates, including selective bromination of some aromatics, by tetrabutylammonium bromide in the presence of hydrogen peroxide; mild conditions, high selectivity, yield, and reaction rate, and redundancy of bromine and hydrobromic acid are some of the major advantages of the synthetic protocol.
Stereolithography of lead zirconate titanate ceramics for MEMS applications (2003)

In this study, stereolithography of PZT films or composites has been successfully carried out. With regard to the PZT suspensions formulation, the process was modified to allow the deposition of films with thickness ranging between 8 to 40 μm. 1-3 and 0-3 piezocomposites as well as other highly loaded structures (maximum 45 % in volume) have been elaborated. Moreover, PZT thick films have been deposited on metallic substrates and silicon wafers. After sintering, crack-free PZT films with thickness ranging between 12 to hundreds of microns have been metallized and polarized. The properties of these microstructures have been studied with permittivity and piezoelectric coefficients measurements. Experiments have shown that the piezoelectric properties of PZT ceramics fabricated by stereolithography are promising (d<sub>33</sub> up to 200 pC/N and g<sub>33</sub> greater than 30×10<sup>-3 </sup>Vm/N), which implies that such structures could be integrated in MEMS for microactuators or sensors applications. Finally, simultaneous fabrications by conventional stereolithography of polymer micropumps and their related piezoelectric transducers have been tested. The upper polymer member of the micropump is 100 μm thick and the inner diameter of the pump is 5 mm. Researches are in progress to improve the micropump flow rate and to manufacture a drop-on-demand inkjet device.
In silico Driven Redesign of a Clinically Relevant Antibody for the Treatment of GD2 Positive Tumors (2013)

Ganglioside GD2 is a cell surface glycolipid that is highly expressed on cancer cells of neuroectodermal origin, including neuroblastoma, retinoblastoma, melanoma, sarcomas, brain tumors and small cell lung cancer. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAb) that target GD2 have shown clinical efficacy in the treatment of GD2 expressing tumors, and are expected to be the new standard of care for the treatment of pediatric neuroblastoma. In this study, the crystal structure of anti-GD2 murine MoAb 3F8 was solved to 1.65 Å resolution and used as a template for molecular docking simulations of its antigen, the penta-saccharide head group of GD2. Molecular docking revealed a binding motif composed of 12 key interacting amino acid side-chains, involving an extensive network of interactions involving main-chain and side-chain hydrogen bonding, two Pi-CH interactions, and an important charged interaction between Arg95 of the H3 loop with the penultimate sialic acid residue of GD2. Based on in silico scanning mutagenesis of the 12 interacting amino acids from the docked 3F8:GD2 model, a single point mutation (Heavy Chain: Gly54Ile) was engineered into a humanized 3F8 (hu3F8) MoAb and found to have a 6-9 fold enhancement in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity of neuroblastoma and melanoma cell lines. With enhanced tumor-killing properties, the re-engineered hu3F8 has the potential be a more effective antibody for the treatment of GD2-positive tumors.
Research of Food Safety Event Detection Based on Multiple Data Sources (2015)

Online event detection techniques are usually used in single data source. This paper analyzes event detection in the perspective of multiple data sources, combining news reports and microblogs. Detect events from news, combining microblogs to do event monitoring and early warning. Also improve feature selection methods for multiple data sources event detection. Finally, the methods are applied to the detection of food safety events and the results of the research show that event detection with multiple data sources is meaningful and valuable.
Amyloid β and Tau Alzheimer’s disease related pathology is reduced by Toll-like receptor 9 stimulation (2014)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, and currently, there is no effective treatment. The major neuropathological lesions in AD are accumulation of amyloid β (Aβ) as amyloid plaques and congophilic amyloid angiopathy, as well as aggregated tau in the form of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs). In addition, inflammation and microglia/macrophage function play an important role in AD pathogenesis. We have hypothesized that stimulation of the innate immune system via Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonists, such as type B CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs), might be an effective way to ameliorate AD related pathology. We have previously shown in the Tg2576 AD model that CpG ODN can reduce amyloid deposition and prevent cognitive deficits. In the present study, we used the 3xTg-AD mice with both Aβ and tau related pathology. The mice were divided into 2 groups treated from 7 to 20 months of age, prior to onset of pathology and from 11 to 18 months of age, when pathology is already present. We demonstrated that immunomodulatory treatment with CpG ODN reduces both Aβ and tau pathologies, as well as levels of toxic oligomers, in the absence of any apparent inflammatory toxicity, in both animal groups. This pathology reduction is associated with a cognitive rescue in the 3xTg-AD mice. Our data indicate that modulation of microglial function via TLR9 stimulation is effective at ameliorating all the cardinal AD related pathologies in an AD mouse model suggesting such an approach would have a greater chance of achieving clinical efficacy.
Clinical staging error in prostate cancer: localization and relevance of undetected tumour areas (2008)

Significantly many patients with newly diagnosed prostate cancer remain clinically understaged. The apical and dorsolateral region of the prostate are not adequately represented in current biopsy strategies. Undetected tumour areas are often clinically significant by size and capsular involvement, indicating a direct clinical implication when planning nerve-sparing RP or focal therapy. Our results show a continuing need for optimized and standardized biopsy protocols.
Simultaneous fast wavelength switching and intensity modulation using a tunable DBR laser (1990)

The use of a three-section distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) laser to switch wavelengths rapidly and simultaneously transmit data by intensity modulation is discussed. This combination simulates the operation of a tunable transmitter in a multiwavelength packet switch. In this type of switch, each output port is tuned to receive data on a unique, fixed wavelength; packets are routed from input ports to the appropriate output ports by wavelength addressing. In each transmission cycle, the input port transmitter tunes to the wavelength associated with the intended output port and subsequently broadcasts the data packet. Limitations on various system parameters, such as the number of allowed channels, the wavelength switching times, and packet lengths (residency times), as determined by thermally-induced wavelength drifts are also discussed. The advantages of using a single device for both fast wavelength switching and direct data modulation are significant: the elimination of external modulators improves both the simplicity of the implementation and the available power budget.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of epimeric 2-d1-dehydroepiandrosterones. (1978)

In order to clarify the metabolic fate of hydrogen at C-2 during microbial transformation of dehydroepiandrosterone into 1α-hydroxy-4-androstene-3, 17-dione, the stereospecific synthesis of epimeric 2-d1-dehydroepiandrosterones have been undertaken. A key intermediate leading to the required substrates, 5α-androst-2-ene-6β, 17β-diol 17-tert-butyl-dimethylsilyl ether, was prepared from dehydroepiandrosterone in several steps. Deuterioboration of the Δ2-olefin and subsequent oxidation of the organoborane afforded the 2α-deuterio-3α-ol. The trans-diaxial opening of the 2α, 3α-epoxide with lithium aluminum deuteride provided the 2β-deuterio-3α-ol. Being submitted to dehydration with phosphorus oxychloride in pyridine followed by usual elaborations, the C-2 deuterated 6β-hydroxysteroids were converted to the desired 2-d1-dehydroepiandrosterones.
Total Synthesis of (<i>R</i>)-Telomestatin (2006)

We have achieved a total synthesis of telomestatin, and its absolute configuration was determined to be (R). Coupling of cysteine-containing trisoxazole amine and serine-containing trisoxazole carboxylic acid, followed by macrocyclization, provided a 24-membered diamide. The seventh oxazole ring was formed by a Shin's procedure via dehydroamide. Cyclodehydration of a modified (R)-cysteine-(S-(t)Bu) moiety using Kelly's method (PPh3(O)-Tf2O) with anisole furnished (R)-telomestatin, whose CD spectrum was in good agreement with that of the natural product.
Rational combination treatment with histone deacetylase inhibitors and immunomodulatory drugs in multiple myeloma (2015)

Immunomodulatory drugs (IMiDs) thalidomide, lenalidomide (Len) and pomalidomide trigger anti-tumor activities in multiple myeloma (MM) by targetting cereblon and thereby impacting IZF1/3, c-Myc and IRF4. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) also downregulate c-Myc. We therefore determined whether IMiDs with HDACi trigger significant MM cell growth inhibition by inhibiting or downregulating c-Myc. Combination treatment of Len with non-selective HDACi suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid or class-I HDAC-selective inhibitor MS275 induces synergic cytotoxicity, associated with downregulation of c-Myc. Unexpectedly, we observed that decreased levels of cereblon (CRBN), a primary target protein of IMiDs, was triggered by these agents. Indeed, sequential treatment of MM cells with MS275 followed by Len shows less efficacy than simultaneous treatment with this combination. Importantly ACY1215, an HDAC6 inhibitor with minimal effects on class-I HDACs, together with Len induces synergistic MM cytotoxicity without alteration of CRBN expression. Our results showed that only modest class-I HDAC inhibition is able to induce synergistic MM cytotoxicity in combination with Len. These studies may provide the framework for utilizing HDACi in combination with Len to both avoid CRBN downregulation and enhance anti-MM activities.
1, 4-Dioxan (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT1, 4-DioxanE. W. Reid and H. E. HofmannCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1929, 21, 7, 695–697Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50235a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50235a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views50Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Electrochemical Behavior of Compacted Lithium Powder Electrode in Li/V[sub 2]O[sub 5] Rechargeable Battery (2010)

Lithium powder is safely prepared by the droplet emulsion technique and compacted to provide a lithium powder anode. Using the compacted Li powder anode, high specific energy density cells are assembled with a nonlithiated cathode such as . The capacity and cycle capability of a lithium powder/ cell are tested. The lithium powder cell is found to maintain its initial capacity for more than 100 cycles, whereas the lithium foil cell exhibited capacity fading after 37 cycles. The lithium powder with a double-sided cathode cell, whose cathode/anode ratio is about 1/10 in capacity, shows a capacity of at a rate of C/2 for over 40 cycles. The morphological changes of a Li foil and a Li powder anode after 50 cycles are observed by scanning electron microscopy. Impedance behavior of the powder anode cell is also observed and compared to that of the foil cell.
Front Matter and Table of Contents (1979)

This entry contains the front cover, front matter and back cover.
Analysis of DNA fragments by microchip electrophoresis fabricated on poly(methyl methacrylate) substrates using a wire-imprinting method (2000)

Microfluidic devices were fabricated on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrate using two small-diameter (79 microm) wires to create a cross impression in plastics softened by low-temperature heating. The resulting channels had a rounded shape and 75 microm in depth. The variability of the channel dimensions was found to be less than 6% from different locations of the same channel and less than 10% between chips. Moreover, the fabricated PMMA chip appeared to sustain an electric field strength up to 300 V/cm without significant Joule heating. The function of resulting devices for electrophoretic injection and separation of a DNA size marker, HaeIII digest of (phiX174, was also characterized. Results indicated that all of the 11 DNA fragments of the size marker could be identified in less than 3 min with relative standard deviations less than 0.4% and 8% for migration time and peak area, respectively. Moreover, with the use of near infrared (IR) dye, fluorescence signals of the higher molecular weight fragments (> 603 bp in length) could be detected at total DNA concentrations as low as 0.1 microg/mL (S/N = 4.2). In conclusion, the performance of wire-imprinted devices on PMMA substrate were comparable to those fabricated by other professional means.
Mycotoxins in Corn Distillers Grains: A concern in ruminants? (2008)

The main fungi that produce toxins during storage belong to three genera: Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Penicillium. When dealing with cattle diets, it is not easy to correlate the presence of mycotoxins to that of molds. The same types of molds can produce different types of toxins, and different types of molds can produce the same mycotoxin. When addressing mycotoxicosis, the fact that multiple ingredients usually make up a dairy cattle diet can be viewed both positively and negatively. On the one hand, multiple feeds dilute the toxins from any given feed, resulting in a safer diet. On the other hand, because the effect of toxins can be additive, if there are multiple contaminated feeds, the toxic effect of the feeds will be compounded. The primary toxins of concern are aflatoxin, zearalenone, trichothecene, fumonisin, ochratoxin, and patulin.
Distance dependence of surface-enhanced resonance Raman enhancement in Langmuir-Blodgett dye multilayers (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDistance dependence of surface-enhanced resonance Raman enhancement in Langmuir-Blodgett dye multilayersT. M. Cotton, R. A. Uphaus, and D. MobiusCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1986, 90, 23, 6071–6073Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100281a003https://doi.org/10.1021/j100281a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations85LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
<i>Colloquium</i>: Transport in strongly correlated two dimensional electron fluids (2010)

An overview of the measured transport properties of the two dimensional electron fluids in high mobility semiconductor devices with low electron densities is presented as well as some of the theories that have been proposed to account for them. Many features of the observations are not easily reconciled with a description based on the well understood physics of weakly interacting quasiparticles in a disordered medium. Rather, they reflect new physics associated with strong correlation effects, which warrant further study.
Screening for cancer with PET and PET/CT: potential and limitations. (2007)

Screening for cancer remains a very emotional and hotly debated issue in contemporary medical practice. An analysis of published data reveals a multitude of opinions based on a limited amount of reliable data. Even for breast cancer screening, which is now widely practiced in the United States and many European countries, there is continuing controversy regarding the appropriate age limits for screening mammography and, in fact, concerning the value of mammography itself. Similarly, there is no agreement as to whether screening for lung or prostate cancer is meaningful as currently practiced. Recommendations and decisions regarding cancer screening should be based on reliable data, not good intention, assumptions, or speculation. Therefore, we first explain the underlying principles and premises of screening and then briefly discuss current controversies regarding screening for breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Recently, some authors advocated CT, PET, or PET/CT for whole-body screening without support from reliable data. We discuss the potential financial, legal, and radiation safety implications associated with whole-body CT or PET cancer screening. We conclude from the available data that neither CT nor PET/CT cancer screening is currently warranted. Far from providing a desirable binary answer (presence of absence of cancer), in nonselected populations the procedures frequently yield equivocal or indeterminate findings that require further evaluation, with associated costs and potential complications. The clinical and statistical relevance of occasionally detected cancers is likely too low to justify population-wide screening efforts with these 2 imaging modalities. Ultimately, the true utility, or lack thereof, of PET and PET/CT for cancer screening can be assessed only in a prospective randomized trial. Because of prohibitive costs and the required length of follow-up, it is unlikely that such a trial will ever be conducted. Rather than spending time and resources on screening studies, medical practitioners should continue using whole-body PET/CT for diagnosing, staging, and restaging cancer and for monitoring treatment effects. Researchers should also investigate the utility of whole-body PET/CT for the surveillance of selected groups of patients who have cancer, who have completed curative treatment, but who remain at high risk for recurrent disease.