gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Color and Thiobarbituric Acid Values of Cooked Hamburger Patties after Storage of Fresh Beef Chubs in Modified Atmospheres (2004)

ABSTRACT: Cooked meat color is an important quality attribute for consumers. This study compared color and thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of cooked ground beef (internal temperatures of 49 to 79 °C), after storage of raw product in atmospheres of 0.4% carbon monoxide (CO), 80% oxygen, or vacuum at 2 °C for 7 to 21 d. Premature browning, observed as a brown cooked color at internal temperatures as low as 49 °C, was found in patties made from meat stored in 80% oxygen. At all cooking temperatures, samples stored in high oxygen had less internal red color, higher myoglobin denaturation values, and were more rancid with higher TBA values than CO or vacuum‐packaged ground beef. Raw ground beef held in 0.4% CO modified‐atmosphere packaging (MAP) remained bright red throughout the 21‐d storage period. Premature browning and high TBA values in cooked patties were avoided by use of this packaging system. However, internal patty color remained somewhat red even at the highest internal cooking temperature of 79 °C. The persistent pink color observed in CO‐treated patties cooked to 79°C internal temperature was likely due to development of heat‐denatured CO‐hemochrome, rather than the presence of undenatured CO myoglobin. The problems of PMB and high TBA values of cooked patties were also avoided by vacuum packaging. However, the development of dark purple color associated with vacuum packaging of raw beef limits the use of this packaging method for products in retail display. Keywords: beef, packaging, carbon monoxide, oxygen
Mixed mode crack mouth reflection in time-resolved acoustic microscopy of short fatigue cracks in single crystal aluminium (1994)

An Al single crystal with the axial direction of (452) was fatigued in air, at a constant resolved shear stress amplitude (4 MPa), a frequency of 20 Hz and at room temperature. Time-resolved measurements were then carried out on short cracks in persistent slip bands (PSBS) on the top surface, which has the largest slip steps, using the acoustic signal from the crack, when the acoustic lens was scanned over the crack sending convergent acoustic beams down the specimen, was detected and interpreted quantitatively. The signal results from the reflections of a mixed mode surface wave (Rayleigh longitudinal lateral wave) from the crack mouth. At 1.2*106 cycles, two short cracks in the PSB were measured to be 17 and 27 mu m in depth. The angle with the specimen surface was observed to be about 54 degrees , compared with a value of 51 degrees determined by an X-ray method.
Novel selection method for engineered antibodies using the mechanism of Fv fragment stabilization in the presence of antigen (1997)

Although the heavy and light chain domains of some antibody variable region fragments (Fvs) readily dissociate under physiological conditions, the Fvs are stable in the presence of antigen. This 'antigen-driven Fv stabilization mechanism' was applied to the selection of clones with specificity toward target antigens. The results can be summarized as follows. (i) Some of the residues in the heavy chain complementarity determining region 2 (HCDR2) of anti-hen egg white lysozyme (HEL) monoclonal antibody HyHEL10 heavy chain variable region (VH) were randomized. (ii) The randomized VH fragments of HyHEL10 were displayed on a filamentous bacteriophage and mixed with the target antigen, before being applied to a light chain variable region (VL) which was immobilized on microtiter plates and subjected to selection by panning. (iii) After four rounds of panning, four clones that showed significant binding to human lysozyme (hL), which HyHEL10 recognized poorly, were selected from the HCDR2 library. (iv) The soluble Fv fragments selected were expressed in Escherichia coli, purified, and subjected to an inhibition assay of lysozyme enzymatic activities and an isothermal titration calorimetry. These Fv fragments had increased affinity toward hL, and thermodynamic analysis suggested that the reduced entropy loss due to binding by the replacement of residues in HCDR2 resulted in the higher hL binding activity.
Needle-free injection into skin and soft matter with highly focused microjets (2013)

The development of needle-free drug injection systems is of great importance to global healthcare. However, in spite of its great potential and research history over many decades, these systems are not commonly used. One of the main problems is that existing methods use diffusive jets, which result in scattered penetration and severe deceleration of the jets, causing frequent pain and insufficient penetration. Another long-standing challenge is the development of accurate small volume injections. In this paper we employ a novel method of needle-free drug injection, using highly-focused high speed microjets, which aims to solve these challenges. We experimentally demonstrate that these unique jets are able to penetrate human skin: the focused nature of these microjets creates an injection spot smaller than a mosquito's proboscis and guarantees a high percentage of the liquid being injected. The liquid substances can be delivered to a much larger depth than conventional methods, and create a well-controlled dispersion pattern. Thanks to the excellent controllability of the microjet, small volume injections become feasible. Furthermore, the penetration dynamics is studied through experiments performed on gelatin mixtures (human soft tissue equivalent) and human skin, agreeing well with a viscous stress model which we develop. This model predicts the depth of the penetration into both human skin and soft tissue. The results presented here take needle-free injections a step closer to widespread use.
In vitro and in vivo effects of oxidative damage to deoxyguanosine (2004)

Biochemical, biophysical and biological studies of oligonucleotides containing lesions at defined sites provide a molecular basis for the effects of DNA lesions. dG (deoxyguanosine) is the most easily oxidized of the four native nucleotides. The chemical reactivity of dG correlates with compilations of mutations, which reveal that a significant fraction of transitions or transversions involve dG. OxodG (7,8-dihydro-8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine) is widely recognized as an important lesion derived from the oxidation of dG, and significant effort has been expended in studies of its effects on DNA structure and function. Recently, the properties of other lesions derived from dG and/or the oxidation of OxodG have been uncovered. Studies on these lesions reveal that they too are biologically significant.
Bacteriophage T7 DNA Helicase Binds dTTP, Forms Hexamers, and Binds DNA in the Absence of Mg2+ (1998)

The role of Mg2+ in dTTP hydrolysis, dTTP binding, hexamer formation, and DNA binding was studied in bacteriophage T7 DNA helicase (4A' protein). The steady state kcat for the dTTPase activity was 200-300-fold lower in the absence of MgCl2, but the Km was only slightly affected. Direct dTTP binding experiments showed that the Kd of dTTP was unaffected, but the stoichiometry of dTTP binding was different in the absence of Mg2+. Two dTTPs were found to bind tightly in the absence of Mg2+ in contrast to three to four in the presence of Mg2+. In the presence of DNA there was little difference in the stoichiometry of dTTP binding to 4A'. These results indicate that Mg2+ is not necessary for dTTP binding, but Mg2+ is required for optimal hydrolysis of dTTP. Gel filtration of 4A' in the presence of dTTP without Mg2+ showed that Mg2+ was not necessary, and dTTP was sufficient for hexamer formation. The hexamers formed in the presence of dTTP without Mg2+ were capable of binding single-stranded DNA. However, the 4A' hexamers formed in the presence of dTDP with or without Mg2+ did not bind DNA, indicating that hexamer formation itself is not sufficient for DNA binding. The hexamers need to be in the correct conformation, in this case in the dTTP-bound state, to interact with the DNA. Thus, the gamma-phosphate of dTTP plays an important role in causing a conformational change in the protein that leads to stable interactions of 4A' with the DNA.
Explaining the Overruling of U.S. Supreme Court Precedent (2001)

The decision to overrule U.S. Supreme Court precedent, we argue, results from the justices' pursuit of their policy preferences within intra- and extra-Court constraints. Based on a duration analysis of cases decided from the 1946 through 1995 terms, we show that ideological incongruence between a precedent and a subsequent Court increases the chance of it being overruled. Two legal norms also exert substantive effects as the Court is less likely to overrule statutory precedents and more likely to overrule precedents that previously have been interpreted negatively by the Court. While certain precedent characteristics also influence this decision, the political environment exerts no such effect. Consequently, one of the principal implications of this research is that legal norms influence Supreme Court decision making.
Hierarchical Context enabled Recurrent Neural Network for Recommendation (2019)

A long user history inevitably reflects the transitions of personal interests over time. The analyses on the user history require the robust sequential model to anticipate the transitions and the decays of user interests. The user history is often modeled by various RNN structures, but the RNN structures in the recommendation system still suffer from the long-term dependency and the interest drifts. To resolve these challenges, we suggest HCRNN with three hierarchical contexts of the global, the local, and the temporary interests. This structure is designed to withhold the global long-term interest of users, to reflect the local sub-sequence interests, and to attend the temporary interests of each transition. Besides, we propose a hierarchical context-based gate structure to incorporate our \textit{interest drift assumption}. As we suggest a new RNN structure, we support HCRNN with a complementary \textit{bi-channel attention} structure to utilize hierarchical context. We experimented the suggested structure on the sequential recommendation tasks with CiteULike, MovieLens, and LastFM, and our model showed the best performances in the sequential recommendations.
Lymphocutaneous Syndrome A Review of Non-Sporothrix Causes (1999)

The lymphocutaneous syndrome can be caused by a number of diverse microorganisms requiring very different antimicrobial therapy for resolution. The epidemiology and geographic occurrence of the infection often can provide important first clues to the microbiologic etiology. Accurate diagnosis can be accomplished usually by punch or wedge biopsy of a primary lesion or proximal subcutaneous nodule submitted for histopathologic examination and culture. The microbiology laboratory staff should be alerted to the diagnostic possibilities so that appropriate cultural and incubation techniques, procedures, and precautions can be initiated. Provision of a correct microbiologic diagnosis and institution of appropriate antimicrobial therapy will result in a complete cure in almost all instances. Adjunctive surgical debridement may be required for certain organisms such as Nocardia or Mycobacterium chelonae.
Mechanics, thermodynamics and locomotive design: Analytical methods and the classic form (1985)

The railway machine‐ensemble was brought to the classical condition by applying rational management, and associated techniques, which were developed by F.W. Taylor, F.B. Gilbreth, and H.L. Gantt. These methods identified the Stephenson‐Goss archetype, operated on the Common User system, as the ideal form of locomotive for the steam operated railway. It is argued that when a system is brought to the classical condition it usually approaches Design Impasse, and obsolescence. The application of rational methods to the machine‐ensemble is related to the creative, derivative, and synthetic traditions of engineering design.
Advances in geophysical methods for permafrost investigations (2008)

Abstract Geophysical techniques can be used to examine the spatial distribution of subsurface geophysical properties to delineate horizontally and vertically the active layer, permafrost and taliks. Spatial and temporal changes in subsurface geophysical properties due to permafrost cooling, warming, aggradation or degradation can also be assessed through geophysical monitoring. This paper reviews the geophysical methods most frequently applied in mountain and arctic/subarctic lowland permafrost investigations. Key results and recommendations based on the analysis of the applicability and reliability of different geophysical techniques for permafrost studies are summarised. Emphasis is put on the tomographic capabilities of geophysical methods. Recent advances in application and data interpretation are shown in relation to five case studies, and future perspectives are highlighted. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Man multi-agent interaction in VR: a case study with RoboCup (2002)

We discuss the use of virtual reality (VR) techniques for interaction between humans and a multi-agent system in the context of RoboCup. The goal of RoboCup is to let teams of cooperating autonomous agents play a soccer match, using either robots or simulated players. We use RoboCup to study distributed collaborative applications, which allow multiple users at different geographic locations to cooperate, by interacting in real time through a shared simulation program. Our objective is to construct a VR environment in which humans at different locations can play along with a running RoboCup simulation in a natural way. The simulation system consists of the Soccer Server and a set of processes modeling the players. The server keeps track of the state of the game: provides the players with information on the game, and enforces the rules. The players request state information and autonomously calculate a behavior, sending the server commands that consist of accelerations, turns and kicks. The server discretizes time into slots, only one command is executed per time slot. We have developed a 3D visualization system that allows a user in a CAVE to interact with the soccer simulation software.
Marine Corps Shelterized Expeditionary Food Service System (1980)

Abstract : The Marine Corps requires a food service system that can be housed, for portability, within the 8 by 8 by 20 foot shelters of the Marine Corps Expeditionary Shelter System. This food service system is intended for use aboard container ships when such ships are used for troops transport. After the troops disembark, the food service unit will be used for base camp feeding. This report contains a design concept for such a food service system.
Serum Progesterone Levels in Ovariectomized Rats Injected with Progesterone and Estrone: Relation to Pregnancy Maintenance and Growth of Decidual Tissue1 (1973)

Serum progesterone levels (ng/ml) were measured by competitive protein binding in ovariectomized pregnant or pseudopregnant rats with or without deciduomata, treated daily with 2 or 4 mg progesterone, with (E/P2 or E/P4) or without (P2 or P4) 1 Mg estrone. Treatment with E/P2 or E/P4 markedly enhanced fetal survival and deciduoma growth over the results obtained with P2 or P4, but serum progesterone levels were not different from those animals receiving progesterone alone. The serum progesterone concentrations were directly related to the dose of progesterone administered, were not significantly affected by duration of treatment, the presence of developing fetuses or decidual tissue, and were significantly lower than the values found in intact pregnant or pseudopregnant rats. These findings plus the lack of effect of pregnancy or deciduoma formation on the metabolic clearance rate of progesterone (Pepe and Rothchild, submitted with this paper) indicated that in the rat, changes in the level of progesterone in the peripheral circulation accurately reflect changes in the rate of its secretion. (Endocrinology93: 1193, 1973)
Decentralised IoT Architecture for Efficient Resources Utilisation (2018)

The exponentially growing number of devices connected to the Internet, the diversity of the Internet of Things (IoT), and the variety of IoT protocol stacks yield to concerns about IoT sustainability. A promising solution is in IoT integration platforms which can address challenges such as interoperability, scalability and adaptability surrounding IoT. Current implementations of IoT platforms are based on centralised architectures, yet a decentralised IoT architecture with logic moved to the (network) edge can offer several benefits to IoT platforms and devices. This paper identifies the feature set that a decentralised IoT platform should have. Based on the determined features, a general decentralised IoT architecture is proposed for efficient resource utilisation.
Transparent conducting films of CdSe(ZnS) core(shell) quantum dot xerogels (2012)

A method of fabricating sol-gel quantum dot (QD) films is demonstrated, and their optical, structural and electrical properties are evaluated. The CdSe(ZnS) xerogel films remain quantum confined, yet are highly conductive (10(-3) S cm(-1)). This approach provides a pathway for the exploitation of QD gels in optoelectronic applications.
Optimization of Hybridized Error Concealment for H.264 (2008)

Transmission of highly compressed video bitstreams can result in packet erasures when channel status is unfavorable, the consequence being not only the corruption of a single frame, but propagation to its successors. In order to avoid error-catalyzed artifacts from producing visible corruption of affected video frames, the use of error concealment at the video decoder becomes essential. The purpose of this paper proposes an efficient and integrated novel EC method for the latest video compression standard H.264/AVC, using not only spatially and temporally correlated information but also the tandem utilization of two new coding tools: directional spatial prediction for intracoding and variable block size motion compensation of H.264/AVC. Experiments performed using the proposed hybridization method of combining the above spatial and temporal estimation elements fulfilled the expectations of control-whole-scheme. The experimental results show that the proposed method offers excellent gains of up to 10.62 dB compared to that of the Joint Model (JM) decoder for a wide range of benchmark sequences without any considerable increase in time demand.
A Study on Lung Cancer Detection by Image Processing (2006)

The paper presents that (1) we apply image processing technique into lung tissue information recognition, the key and hardest task is auto-detecting the tiny nodules, which may present the information of early lung cancer; and (2) the newly developed ridge detection algorithm is to diagnose indeterminate nodules correctly, allowing curative resection of early-stage malignant nodules and avoiding the morbidity and mortality of surgery for benign nodules. The algorithm has been compared to some traditional image segmentation algorithms. All the results are satisfactory for diagnosis
A 1.9 Kilobase Homology in the 3'-terminal Regions of RNA-1 and RNA-2 of Tomato Ringspot Virus (1988)

Summary Double-stranded cDNA copies of RNA-1 and RNA-2 of tomato ringspot virus were cloned into pUC9. Comparison of restriction enzyme maps of eight clones indicated that 1.9 kb at the 3′ termini of RNA-1 and RNA-2 were similar. Five of these clones were used in Northern hybridization analyses and found to contain sequences either unique to RNA-1 or RNA-2, or common to RNA-1 and RNA-2. Southern blot analyses using clones derived from RNA-1 and RNA-2 confirmed that there is a 1.9 kb nucleotide sequence homology at the 3′ termini. A sequence homology of this magnitude has not been reported previously for other plant viruses with multipartite ssRNA genomes.
The progesterone receptor gene maps to human chromosome band 11q13, the site of the mammary oncogene int-2. (1987)

Progesterone is involved in the development and progression of breast cancers, and progesterone receptors (PR) are important markers of hormone dependence and disease prognosis. We have used a human PR cDNA probe, genomic DNA blotting of a series of Chinese hamster-human cell hybrids, and in situ hybridization to map the human PR gene to chromosome 11, band q13. This band also contains the human homolog of the mouse mammary tumor virus integration site, int-2, which surrounds a protooncogene thought to be involved in the development of murine mammary cancers. That these two genes share the same chromosomal location raises important questions about their possible linkage and about the relationship between the mammary-specific oncogene and the steroid hormone in the development, growth, and hormone dependence of human breast cancers.
Some Hypotensive Amino Steroid Glycosides<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSome Hypotensive Amino Steroid Glycosides1R. A. Lucas, D. F. Dickel, R. L. Dziemian, M. J. Ceglowski, B. L. Hensle, and H. B. MacPhillamyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 21, 5688–5693Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01506a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01506a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views211Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early immune responses accompanying human asymptomatic Ebola infections (2001)

In a recent study we identified certain asymptomatic individuals infected by Ebola virus (EBOV) who mounted specific IgG and early and strong inflammatory responses. Here, we further characterized the primary immune response to EBOV during the course of asymptomatic infection in humans. Inflammatory responses occurred in temporal association with anti-inflammatory phase composed by soluble antagonist IL-1RA, circulating TNF receptors, IL-10 and cortisol. At the end of the inflammatory process, mRNA expression of T-cell cytokines (IL-2 and IL-4) and activation markers (CD28, CD40L and CTLA4) was up-regulated, strongly suggesting T-cell activation. This T-cell activation was followed by EBOV-specific IgG responses (mainly IgG3 ang IgG1), and by marked and sustained up-regulation of IFN gamma, FasL and perforin mRNA expression, suggesting activation of cytotoxic cells. The terminal down-regulation of these latter markers coincided with the release of the apoptotic marker 41/7 NMP in blood and with the disappearance of viral RNA from PBMC, suggesting that infected cells are eliminated by cytotoxic mechanisms. Finally, RT-PCR analysis of TCR-V beta repertoire usage showed that TCR-V beta 12 mRNA was never expressed during the infection. Taken together, these findings improve our understanding about immune response during human asymptomatic Ebola infection, and throw new light on protection against Ebola virus.