gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Investigations of a bearing fault detector for railroad bearings (1975)

The laboratory tests are described which were conducted on new and damaged bearings to determine the feasibility of using high-frequency vibration as a diagnostic tool. A high-frequency band pass filter and demodulator was assembled to permit field measurements of the high-frequency vibrations. Field tests were conducted on an actual truck and on an axle assembly run in a grease test rig. These field tests were directed toward demonstration of the suitability and capabilities of the high-frequency technique for field application. Two specific areas of field application were identified as being cost effective for railroad use. One area is the examination of railroad roller bearings at a derailment site, and the second is as a wayside detector to supplement present hot box detectors for defective roller bearings.
Modeling of Pharmacokinetics of Cocaine in Human Reveals the Feasibility for Development of Enzyme Therapies for Drugs of Abuse (2012)

A promising strategy for drug abuse treatment is to accelerate the drug metabolism by administration of a drug-metabolizing enzyme. The question is how effectively an enzyme can actually prevent the drug from entering brain and producing physiological effects. In the present study, we have developed a pharmacokinetic model through a combined use of in vitro kinetic parameters and positron emission tomography data in human to examine the effects of a cocaine-metabolizing enzyme in plasma on the time course of cocaine in plasma and brain of human. Without an exogenous enzyme, cocaine half-lives in both brain and plasma are almost linearly dependent on the initial cocaine concentration in plasma. The threshold concentration of cocaine in brain required to produce physiological effects has been estimated to be 0.22±0.07 µM, and the threshold area under the cocaine concentration versus time curve (AUC) value in brain (denoted by AUC2(∞)) required to produce physiological effects has been estimated to be 7.9±2.7 µM·min. It has been demonstrated that administration of a cocaine hydrolase/esterase (CocH/CocE) can considerably decrease the cocaine half-lives in both brain and plasma, the peak cocaine concentration in brain, and the AUC2(∞). The estimated maximum cocaine plasma concentration which a given concentration of drug-metabolizing enzyme can effectively prevent from entering brain and producing physiological effects can be used to guide future preclinical/clinical studies on cocaine-metabolizing enzymes. Understanding of drug-metabolizing enzymes is key to the science of pharmacokinetics. The general insights into the effects of a drug-metabolizing enzyme on drug kinetics in human should be valuable also in future development of enzyme therapies for other drugs of abuse.
Phylogenetic Analysis of ORF Viruses From Five Contagious Ecthyma Outbreaks in Argentinian Goats (2018)

Orf virus (ORFV) is the etiological agent of Contagious Ecthyma (CE) disease that mainly affects sheep, goats, wild ruminants, and humans with a worldwide distribution. To date, only two strains from Argentinian sheep have been characterized at the molecular level and there is little information on ORFV strains circulating in Argentina. Here we describe and analyze five outbreaks of CE in goats in three geographic regions of the country: Northwest, Center, and Southwest. The phylogenetic analysis based on four molecular markers of ORFV (<i>orf011</i> partial sequence and <i>orf020, orf109</i>, and <i>orf127</i> complete sequence genes) revealed that there are different strains circulating in Argentina and pointed out the importance of knowing the health status of animals traded between farms.
An expanded CAG repeat sequence in spinocerebellar ataxia type 7. (1996)

Expanded CAG repeat sequences have been identified in the coding region of genes mutated in several neurodegenerative disorders, including spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 and Machado-Joseph disease. In all disorders described to date the CAG expansion codes for an elongated polyglutamine chain. An increased polyglutamine chain size leads to a more severe disease, thus correlating with the genetic anticipation seen in repeat expansion disorders. Spinocerebellar ataxia type 7 (SCA7) is an autosomal dominant spinocerebellar ataxia with anticipation and a progressive degeneration of the cerebellar cortex. Using repeat expansion detection (RED), a method in which a thermostable ligase is used to detect repeat expansions directly from genomic DNA, we have analyzed 8 SCA7 families for the presence of CAG repeat expansions. RED products of 150-240 bp were found in all affected individuals and found to cosegregate with the disease (P < 0.000001, n = 66), indicating strongly that a CAG expansion is the cause of SCA7. On the basis of a previously established correlation between RED product sizes and actual repeat sizes in Machado-Joseph disease, we were able to estimate the average expansion size in SCA7 to be 64 CAG copies.
Amiodarone Use Is Associated With Increased Risk of Stroke in Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation (2015)

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained arrhythmia requiring treatment worldwide, is one of the major causes of ischemic stroke. Although amiodarone is commonly used for rhythm control in AF, its relationship with stroke has rarely been addressed.We evaluated 16,091 patients who were diagnosed with AF (Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM] 427.31 and 427.32) between 1998 and 2011; the date of AF diagnosis was set as the index date. Patients with a history of stroke (ICD-9-CM 430-438) who received amiodarone before the index date or during the following 30 days, or who experienced stroke within 30 days of receiving amiodarone were excluded. Finally, 7548 patients with AF were included in this study and divided into 2 groups according to whether they received amiodarone (Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical code C01BD01) during the study period.The risk of ischemic stroke in AF patients receiving amiodarone was 1.81-fold (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.52-2.16), 1.79-fold (95% CI 1.50-2.14), and 1.78-fold (95% CI 1.49-2.13) higher than in those who did not receive amiodarone, according to crude, Model 1, and Model 2 Cox proportional hazard regression models, respectively. In a demographically stratified analysis, the risk of ischemic stroke was significantly higher in patients aged <65 years, with no comorbidities, who were also taking digoxin or had a low CHA2DS2VASc score.Amiodarone treatment is associated with an increased risk of stroke in patients with AF, especially in those who have an initial low risk of stroke. Antiplatelet drugs and warfarin could reduce the stroke risk in AF patients receiving amiodarone. However, as the combination of digoxin and amiodarone increases the risk of stroke in these patients, the combination of these 2 drugs should be avoided.
The influence of reduced liver blood flow (LBF) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of (LBF) on the pharmacokinetics (PK) of recombinant tissue factor pathway inhibitor (rTFPI) (1999)

Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1999) 65, 162–162; doi:
Glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase activity in cultured human skeletal muscle cells: relationship to glucose disposal rate in control and non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus subjects and regulation by glucose and insulin. (1996)

We examined the activity of the rate-limiting enzyme for hexosamine biosynthesis, glutamine:fructose-6-phosphate amidotransferase (GFA) in human skeletal muscle cultures (HSMC), from 17 nondiabetic control and 13 subjects with non-insulin-dependent diabetes. GFA activity was assayed from HSMC treated with low (5 mM) or high (20 mM) glucose and low (22 pM) or high (30 microM) concentrations of insulin. In control subjects GFA activity decreased with increasing glucose disposal rate (r = -0.68, P < 0.025). In contrast, a positive correlation existed between GFA and glucose disposal in the diabetics (r = 0.86, P < 0.005). Increased GFA activity was also correlated with body mass index in controls but not diabetics. GFA activity was significantly stimulated by high glucose (22%), high insulin (43%), and their combination (61%). GFA activity and its regulation by glucose and insulin were not significantly different in diabetic HSMC. We conclude that glucose and insulin regulate GFA activity in skeletal muscle. More importantly, our results are consistent with a regulatory role for the hexosamine pathway in human glucose homeostasis. This relationship between hexosamine biosynthesis and the regulation of glucose metabolism is altered in non-insulin-dependent diabetes.
Experimental study of buoyancy driven natural ventilation through horizontal openings (2007)

An experimental study of buoyancy driven natural ventilation through single-sided horizontal openings was performed in a full-scale laboratory test rig. Measurements were made for opening ratios <em>L/D </em>range from 0.027 to 4.455, where <em>L </em>and <em>D </em>are the length and the diameter of the opening, respectively. The bidirectional air flow rate was measured using constant injection tracer gas technique. Smoke visualizations showed that the air flow patterns are highly transient, unstable and complex, and that air flow rates oscillate with time. Correlations between the Froude number <em>Fr </em>and the <em>L/D </em>ratio were in reasonable agreement with result in literature obtained from brine-water measurements, but the obtained <em>Fr </em>values show considerable deviations for a range of <em>L/D </em>ratios. The measurement results can be used in both simple calculation tools to give a rough estimate of the capacity for design of a ventilation system, but also be implemented in more detailed models, especially multi-zone models, for simulation of the performance of natural ventilation systems
Tofacitinib and Other Kinase Inhibitors in the Treatment of Psoriasis (2013)

Protein kinases play a crucial role in the intracellular signaling pathways involved in inflammation and cell proliferation. Advances in our understanding of these metabolic pathways and of the role played by intracellular signaling in the pathogenesis of psoriasis have led to research in this area and the development of a new class of drugs for the treatment of psoriasis and other inflammatory processes. Since kinase inhibitors are small molecules, oral and topical treatments are possible. The future role of these molecules in the therapeutic arsenal used to treat psoriasis is as yet unknown because in most cases they are still in the early stages of research. The fact that these drugs may cost much less than biologic therapies could favor their approval in coming years. Tofacitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor, is the drug that has reached the most advanced stage of research and has shown the most promising results.
Training a Quantum Neural Network (2003)

Quantum learning holds great promise for the field of machine intelli-gence. The most studied quantum learning algorithm is the quantum neural network. Many such models have been proposed, yet none has become a standard. In addition, these models usually leave out many details, often excluding how they intend to train their networks. This pa-per discusses one approach to the problem and what advantages it would have over classical networks. 1
A Comparative Study of an Indirect Fluorescent Antibody Test and an Immunoperoxidase Monolayer Assay for the Diagnosis of Porcine Proliferative Enteropathy (2002)

The currently used indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT) for the detection of antibodies against porcine proliferative enteropathy (PPE) was compared to an immunoperoxidase monolayer assay (IPMA). Serum samples used in this comparison were collected from 5-week-old pigs on day 0 (pre-experimental challenge) and on days 7, 14, 21, and 28 after oral inoculation with intestinal homogenate from pigs affected by PPE (28 challenged pigs) and sucrose phosphate glutamate solution (2 control pigs). All animals were euthanized 4 weeks after inoculation. Immunohistochemistry staining was applied to formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded sections of ileum for the detection of Lawsonia intracellularis antigen. The serology results with each method agreed in all samples, except on days 0 and 7 in 1 control animal, which was positive by IPMA, but negative by IFAT. The percentage of agreement between IFAT and IPMA was 98.6%.
Hormonal regulation of leptin expression in broiler chickens (1999)

Leptin, the polypeptide hormone encoded by the obese gene, is secreted by adipose tissue and has been shown to induce satiety and increase energy expenditure in mammals. In this study, we confirmed the presence of a leptin homolog in liver and adipose tissues of broiler chickens. Leptin expression was also detected in chicken embryonic liver and yolk sac. The effects of hormone treatment on leptin expression in chickens were also investigated. Leptin expression in the liver is increased by insulin and dexamethasone and decreased by glucagon and estrogen. There was no induction of leptin expression in adipose tissue by any treatment, whereas only estrogen decreased adipose expression. The differential effect on liver and adipose tissue suggests that adipocytes in chickens may be expressing leptin at a maximal rate or that its mechanism of expression regulation differs from liver. The localization of leptin expression and tissue-specific effects of hormone treatments on leptin expression observed in chickens may indicate a relationship between leptin and avian lipid metabolism.
Multimedia content protection via biometrics-based encryption (2003)

We propose a multimedia content protection framework that is based on biometric data of the users and a layered encryption/decryption scheme. Password-only encryption schemes are vulnerable to illegal key exchange problems. By using biometric data along with hardware identifiers as keys, it is possible to alleviate fraudulent usage of protected content. A combination of symmetric and asymmetric key systems is utilized for this purpose. The computational requirements and applicability of the proposed method are addressed. The results of encryption and decryption experiments related to time measurements are included. Watermarking systems can be used to complement the proposed method to permit novel uses of protected multimedia data.
HDL Cholesterol and TaqIB Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein Gene Polymorphism in Renal Transplant Recipients (2000)

Decreased serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are a well-known risk factor for coronary heart disease (CHD) in the general population and have been suggested as one of the best predictor of CHD after renal transplantation. However, very heterogeneous HDL-C levels have been reported in renal transplant recipients. In this patient population, serum HDL-C levels are determined by complex interactions between hormonal, environmental (such as a high amount of abdominal adipose tissue), and genetic factors and drugs (particularly glucocorticoids). We, therefore, evaluated the effects of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene TaqIB polymorphism as well as of abdominal obesity on HDL-C levels in 78 male renal transplant recipients who were receiving azathioprine and/or ciclosporin A in combination with prednisone as immunosuppression. The patients were classified into genotypic groups according to the presence or absence of the restriction site (B1 allele or B2 allele, respectively). The distribution of CETP genotypes was similar to that previously described in the general population. Overall, HDL-C levels were 19 and 26% higher in B1B2 and B2B2 patients as compared with B1B1 homozygotes (p < 0.05), even after control for other lipid measurements. Patients with abdominal obesity (waist girth >/=93 cm) showed reduced HDL-C levels as compared with lean (waist girth <93 cm) patients (1.20 +/- 0.28 vs. 1.42 +/- 0.41 mmol/l, respectively, p < 0.01). Moreover, the HDL-C levels were markedly affected by the CETP TaqIB polymorphism in lean patients (+28 and +41% in B1B2 and B2B2 as compared with B1B1 patients, p < 0.05), but no significant difference was observed among obese patients. Significantly lower total cholesterol:HDL-C ratios were obtained in lean B2B2 homozygotes, suggesting that these patients could be less susceptible to atherosclerosis than lean B1B1 homozygotes. In addition, patients with the B1B1 genotype had more documented CHD as compared with patients carrying at least one B2 allele, supporting the protective effect of the B2 allele against CHD. In conclusion, considerable variation in HDL-C levels appears to be explained by the CETP TaqIB gene polymorphism in male renal transplant recipients, but this potential protective gene effect appears strongly reduced by concomitant abdominal obesity.
Role of ninjurin‐1 in the migration of myeloid cells to central nervous system inflammatory lesions (2011)

Our study uncovers an important cell-specific role for Ninjurin-1 in the transmigration of inflammatory APCs across the BBB and further emphasizes the importance of myeloid cell recruitment during the development of neuroinflammatory lesions.
HIGH T<sub>c</sub> SUPERCONDUCTIVITY OF Sr-La-Cu-O AND Ba-Y-Cu-O THIN FILMS (1987)

In a very short time after it was reported 1 that perovskite-type Ba-La-Cu oxide system could have high temperature superconductivity, many new results were reported. 2,3 Later, Y was substituted for La to form Ba-Y-Cu oxides and the T c rose to the liquid nitrogen region. 4 In this report we describe the results obtained with the Sr-La-Cu-O and Ba-Y-Cu-O thin films.
Isolation and Characterization of Paulownioside, A New Highly Oxygenated Iridoid Glucoside From Paulownia tomentosa (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsolation and Characterization of Paulownioside, A New Highly Oxygenated Iridoid Glucoside From Paulownia tomentosaClaudio Adriani, Carlo Bonini, Carlo Iavarone, and Corrado TrogoloCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1981, 44, 6, 739–744Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 November 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50018a024https://doi.org/10.1021/np50018a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Privacy oracle (2008)

We describe the design and implementation of Privacy Oracle, a system that reports on application leaks of user information via the network traffic that they send. Privacy Oracle treats each application as a black box, without access to either its internal structure or communication protocols. This means that it can be used over a broad range of applications and information leaks (i.e., not only Web traffic or credit card numbers). To accomplish this, we develop a differential testing technique in which perturbations in the application inputs are mapped to perturbations in the application outputs to discover likely leaks; we leverage alignment algorithms from computational biology to find high quality mappings between different byte-sequences efficiently. Privacy Oracle includes this technique and a virtual machine-based testing system. To evaluate it, we tested 26 popular applications, including system and file utilities, media players, and IM clients. We found that Privacy Oracle discovered many small and previously undisclosed information leaks. In several cases, these are leaks of directly identifying information that are regularly sent in the clear (without end-to-end encryption) and which could make users vulnerable to tracking by third parties or providers.
Recalibration of the Complaint Prediction Model (2004)

This paper describes the evaluation and recalibration of the complaint prediction model developed by Federspiel (2000). We collected temperature time-series data and complaint data from six buildings ranging in size from 60,000 ft2 to 800,000 ft2 from three different geographical locations. Using these data, we found a low correlation between the observed number of complaint events and the Predicted Average Complaint Events (PACE) for the monitoring intervals and systematic underprediction of hot complaints. We recalibrated the model, increasing the correlation coefficient between observed number of complaint events and PACE to r = 0.49. This degree of correlation, though still not high, is statistically significant (p = 0.044). The recalibrated model predicts that the temperature corresponding to the minimum number of complaints is lower than that of the original model. The recalibrated model also predicts that the minimum number of complaints is greater than that of the original model. Finally, the recalibrated model is not symmetrical. The recalibrated model predicts that hot complaints will increase faster as the average temperature rises than will cold complaints as the average temperature decreases. We used complaint temperatures and an observed setup in building-wide mean temperature to validate the recalibration. From observed complaint temperatures, we constructed six hypothesis tests on predicted values of the mean and standard deviation of complaint temperatures. The differences between the predicted and computed complaint temperature statistics were not statistically significant in all six cases. We compared the observed effect of raising the mean temperature 3°F with the predicted effect. The observed hot complaint rate during the high-temperature period was 2.4 times higher than during the low-temperature period. The predicted ratio was 5.3 times. The difference was explained by underreporting observed by the chief engineer. We expected a dependence of the mean complaint levels on mean outdoor temperature because correlations between mean outdoor temperature, clothing insulation, and indoor air velocity have been established. However, we did not find such an influence. The complaint model predicts that the mean temperature for minimizing complaint rate on arrival is lower than for minimizing complaint rate during the occupied period of the day. This can be explained by a higher metabolic rate on arrival.