gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elimination of the Hydrolytic Water Molecule in a Class A β-Lactamase Mutant:  Crystal Structure and Kinetics<sup>,</sup> (1996)

Two site-directed mutant enzymes of the class A beta-lactamase from Staphylococcus aureus PC1 were produced with the goal of blocking the site that in the native enzyme is occupied by the proposed hydrolytic water molecule. The crystal structures of these two mutant enzymes, N170Q and N170M, have been determined and refined at 2.2 and 2.0 A, respectively. They reveal that the side chain of Gln 170 displaces the water molecule, whereas that of Met170 does not. In both cases, the catalytic rates with benzylpenicillin are reduced by 10(4) compared with the native enzyme. With nitrocefin, the N170Q mutant enzyme exhibits an approximately 800-fold reduced rate compared with the native enzyme and in addition, a fast initial burst with stoichiometry of 1 mol of degraded nitrocefin/mol of enzyme. Stopped-flow kinetic experiments establish that the rate constant of the burst is 250 s-1, a value comparable with the rate of acylation of the native enzyme. Two structurally based mechanisms that explain the kinetic properties of the N170Q beta-lactamase are proposed, both invoking a deacylation-impaired enzyme due to the elimination of the hydrolytic water molecule. The catalytic rate of the N170M mutant enzyme with nitrocefin is reduced by approximately 50-fold compared with the native enzyme, and the slow progressive inhibition that is revealed indicates that the hydrolysis proceeds via a branched pathway mechanism. This is consistent with the structural data that show that the water site is preserved and that Met170 occupies part of the space that is required for substrate binding. The short contacts between the substrate and the enzyme may lead to structure perturbation and inactivation.
Scattering Characteristics Of Optical Materials (1978)

In the visible and ultraviolet regions of the spectrum the dominant source of scattered light from optical components is surface scattering by microirregularities. They are typically only a few nanometers in height but cover the entire optically polished surface. Since microirregularity scattering is inversely proportional to the square of the wavelength, the dominant source of scattering in the infrared is often macroscopic defects such as scratches or digs. Pitting of the surface by sand or rain erosion also contributes to defect scattering. Dust particles and other particulates are a third important source of scattered light in the near infrared. When specifying the surface quality of optical components to be used in low scatter applications, at least the rms microroughness of the surface and the scratch/dig specification should be given. (An improved scratch standard would be most helpful here.) Better yet is a functional test of the scattering performance of the component. The most direct functional test is total integrated scatter. A prototype instrument utilizing a Coblentz sphere and a HeNe laser operating at 3.39 p.m, where the dominant source of scattering is scratches and other macro-scopic defects; at 1.15 p.m, where particulates such as dust may be important; and at 0.6328 pm, where microirregularity scattering dominates, has been constructed to perform this functional test. A simple theory allows us to extrapolate the results at these wavelengths to obtain a reasonably complete picture of the total integrated scattering behavior of the component at any wavelength. Additional data are required to understand the angular dependence of the scattered light since the angular dependence of scattered light is related to the slopes as well as the heights of the surface defects. Such data can be measured experimentally and analyzed to give a more complete picture of the surface than is obtainable from total integrated scattering measurements alone.
Innovative Financial Technologies To Facilitate Trade With Eastern Europe (2011)

The European Economic Community is overshadowing the great market potential of the emerging, newly liberated Eastern Bloc countries. Entering these formerly communist markets is challenging because of a lack of sound economies and weak currencies. This paper develops a model whereby North American businesses enter these markets and accept local currencies for products and services, purchase local goods with the local currency and then sell these goods through international commodity exchanges.
Microsensors based on quantum cascade lasers (2011)

We present our results on efficient coupling of Quantum Cascade Lasers (QCLs) into Whispering Gallery Resonators, Hollow Waveguide. We also present results of micro sensors using the unique properties of QCLs, e.g. online sensors for Gas Chromatography (GC). We show that because of the unique brightness properties of QCLs, we could improve GC-Infrared sensors' sensitivity to the same level as Mass Spectrometry, and with different dimension of chemical information.
Psychometric properties of the sensory scale of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment in stroke patients (2004)

The psychometric properties of the FMA-S in measuring sensory function do not support its clinical use in stroke patients. Further studies on methods to improve the psychometric properties of the FMA-S are needed.
Targeted Alpha Particle Therapy for Neuroendocrine Tumours: The Next Generation of Peptide Receptor Radionuclide Therapy (2018)

Neuroendocrine tumours (NETs) are being seen increasingly frequently, but to date only complete surgical resection is curative. However, among the various therapeutic options, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy, linking a radioactive moiety to an octreotide derivative, has been shown to be highly efficacious and a well-tolerated therapy, improving progression-free survival and probably overall survival. Nevertheless, the current radionuclides in use are beta particle emitters with non-optimal radiobiological properties. A new generation of alpha particle-emitting radionuclides is being developed, with advantages in terms of very high energy and a short path length, which should theoretically show higher efficacy. We survey the current developments in this field, emphasising the exciting potential of this novel form of therapy for NETs.
Resolution improvement in digital holography by angular and polarization multiplexing (2010)

Angular and polarization multiplexing techniques are utilized in both object and reference arms in the digital holographic microscopy system to improve its resolution. The angular multiplexing provides on-axis and off-axis illumination and reference beams with different carrier frequencies. Polarization multiplexing prohibits the occurrence of interference between low and high object spatial frequencies and reference beams. The proposed system does not require special light sources or filtering masks. Experimental results show that the resolution of the synthesized image exceeds the resolution determined by the numerical aperture of the imaging microscope objective.
Inside Electoral Democracy: Gift-Giving and Flaunting in Political Campaigning in Cameroon (2010)

This article focuses on political electoral campaigning in a given town in Cameroon. The intention is to bring about a deeper understanding of the nature of ‘democracy’ and its implications for political power sharing and accountability in a given locality in Africa. Based on extensive field research, interviews and participative observation the empirical data gathered are analysed with references to recent academic approaches on democratic developments in Africa. The article discusses concrete ways politicians use to convince potential voters to vote for their party in relation to theories of gift-giving and symbolic capital.
Nature of phosphorus(V) chloride in ionizing and nonionizing solvents (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNature of phosphorus(V) chloride in ionizing and nonionizing solventsR. W. Suter, H. C. Knachel, V. P. Petro, J. H. Howatson, and S. G. ShoreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1973, 95, 5, 1474–1479Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00786a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00786a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views368Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Culture Strongly Impact the Placental Transcriptome in the Mouse Model (2010)

For the first time, our study shows that in vitro fertilization associated with embryo culture strongly modify the placental expression profile, long after embryo manipulations, meaning that the stress of artificial environment is memorized after implantation. Expression of X and imprinted genes is also greatly modulated probably to adapt to adverse conditions. Our results highlight the importance of studying human placentas from ART.
Multiresolution decomposition for triangular mesh geometry coding based on structuring surrounding vertices (2009)

A novel coding method using multiresolution decomposition for triangular mesh is proposed. We have proposed surrounding vertices structuring on a 2-D plane to obtain 2-D structured geometry data. In this paper, non-separable component decomposition is proposed to decompose the structured geometry data in consideration of correlations among neighboring vertices. The structured data are decomposed into four components depending on whether each vertex was located at even or odd positions along the horizontal and vertical axes. And a prediction and update are performed. In the prediction process the predicted value is obtained from the non-processed vertices neighboring to the target vertex in the 3-D space. By repeating the decomposition process for the update component, octave-decomposed coefficients are obtained. The vector SFQ is introduced to remove redundancies among the coefficients at similar positions in different resolution levels. Experiments showed that the proposed method gave better coding performances comparing to conventional coding schemes.
Fragment and Focus: Jane Austen and the Art of the Blazon (2005)

PERHAPS ONE OF THE MOST FAMOUS LINES in Jane Austen's canon is the compliment paid to Elizabeth Bennet when Fitzwilliam Darcy responds to the prying questions of Miss Bingley: 'I have been meditating on the very great pleasure which a pair of fine in the face of a pretty can bestow' (PP in subsequent times, his portrayal of feminine beauty became authoritative (Diana 95). According to Vickers, this portrayal influenced not only male writers following in Petrarch's pattern of sonnet adulation, but female writers as well, particularly in Petrarch's representation of Laura not as a single, unified image, but in terms of or of a woman (Diana 96). As Vickers describes the strategy, image is that of a collection of exquisitely beautiful dissociated objects. Singled out among them are hair, hand, foot, and eyes (Diana 96). This fragmentation of feminine charms was further extended in early modern literature in the blazon, in England a poetic tradition of a collection of poems or a single poetic catalog which describes the beloved in terms of rather than as a whole person (Vickers Blazon 95). While critics may rightly suggest that all description is essentially a process by which a whole picture is built up of fragments, since the writer can only describe a subject by enumerating the essential qualities that constitute that object, the Petrarchan convention creates a special moment of synecdoche which gives the observer a power over the observed through the reduction of that individual into a specific, isolated part selected by and often obsessively elaborated by the writer. Since from medieval and early modern times, the person using the convention was most frequently the male lover or lover-poet, in a sense, the division and description of the subject of that poetic attention defined a kind of ownership, an empowerment at the expense of the one being described (Jankowski 83). However, the same Petrarchan convention was capable of critique and satire on the part of poets, most notably in Shakespeare's famous Sonnet 130, which begins with the well-known line My mistress' are nothing like the sun (Shakespeare 1867). Given that kind of critique at least as early as the sixteenth century, it is not surprising that Jane Austen, with her exacting wit and precise literary construction, is able to make the blazon work in multiple ways, both to express the admiration (as yet unknown in its depth to the speaker) of such an eligible lover as Darcy and in her letters, to turn the convention upside down by blazoning individuals for the amusement of her major correspondent, Cassandra. Anita G. Gorman has rightly noted that Austen is often reticent in describing the physical in her novels, the early writings more physical and exuberant than her mature ones (131). Gorman identifies those body parts most usually mentioned as similar to those of the blazon--eyes, brow, lips, hair, complexion, and figure (131). …
A simple depolarization compensator for very wideband communications links an experimental evaluation (1994)

A simple cancellation-type compensator was built and subjected to limited testing in a terrestrial link using dual polarization frequency reuse (DPFR) with 3.2 Gb/s in each polarization. A wideband complex (four quadrant) weighting circuit was developed which was capable of about 20 dB of cancellation at midband in a 3.4 GHz band. Control of the weighting circuit was effected by use of two pilot tones near the band edges, from which magnitude and phase of cross-polarization interference (XPI) were estimated. Integration of the compensator, which operated at RF, had negligible impact on clear weather performance of the link, and impacted receiver noise figure by 0.2-0.3 dB. In rain, cancellation of the order of 5-10 dB was observed at values of cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) as low as 10 dB. Post-experiment analysis of the data suggested that there had been errors in the estimation of the phase of the XPI. In spite of this, useful improvement in link performance was demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Whispering-gallery modes of dielectric resonators (1982)

The whispering-gallery modes of cylindrical dielectric resonators of high permittivity (er~38) are investigated. Axial-mode confinement is ensured by a slight increase in the rod diameter. The resonances for various azimuthal mode numbers and the two states of polarisation are identified experimentally. There is a good agreement between measured and calculated frequencies. The measured quality factor, of the order of 7000 at 6 GHz, is, for some resonances, limited only by the intrinsic loss of the dielectric material. The whispering-gallery mode of resonance enables designers to use comparatively larger-size dielectric resonators at millimetre-wavelengths with good frequency selection and low loss.
Evidence that the potyvirus P1 proteinase functions in trans as an accessory factor for genome amplification (1995)

The tobacco etch potyvirus (TEV) polyprotein is proteolytically processed by three viral proteinases (NIa, HC-Pro, and P1). While the NIa and HC-Pro proteinases each provide multiple functions essential for viral infectivity, the role of the P1 proteinase beyond its autoproteolytic activity is understood poorly. To determine if P1 is necessary for genome amplification and/or virus movement from cell to cell, a mutant lacking the entire P1 coding region (delta P1 mutant) was produced with a modified TEV strain (TEV-GUS) expressing beta-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter, and its replication and movement phenotypes were assayed in tobacco protoplasts and plants. The delta P1 mutant accumulated in protoplasts to approximately 2 to 3% the level of parental TEV-GUS, indicating that the P1 protein may contribute to but is not strictly required for viral RNA amplification. The delta P1 mutant was capable of cell-to-cell and systemic (leaf-to-leaf) movement in plants but at reduced rates compared with parental virus. This is in contrast to the S256A mutant, which encodes a processing-defective P1 proteinase and which was nonviable in plants. Both delta P1 and S256A mutants were complemented by P1 proteinase expressed in a transgenic host. In transgenic protoplasts, genome amplification of the delta P1 mutant relative to parental virus was stimulated five- to sixfold. In transgenic plants, the level of accumulation of the delta P1 mutant was stimulated, although the rate of cell-to-cell movement was the same as in nontransgenic plants. Also, the S256A mutant was capable of replication and systemic infection in P1-expressing transgenic plants. These data suggest that, in addition to providing essential processing activity, the P1 proteinase functions in trans to stimulate genome amplification.
A density taper technique for low side lobe applications of hex array antennas (2002)

A density taper design procedure, which allocates the element positions in a hex array to reduce near-in sidelobe levels, is investigated. This procedure adjusts the element positions to simulate a Taylor amplitude distribution function. This technique can be used in single power amplifier design (for every element) of a transmit phased array with reduced co-channel interference. Since no attenuation of amplifier output power is required, this technique has higher power efficiency than the amplitude taper technique. The performance of this density taper technique is compared to that of a Taylor amplitude taper technique.
One-step fabrication of silver nanoparticle embedded polymer nanofibers by radical-mediated dispersion polymerization (2006)

Silver nanoparticle embedded poly(vinyl alcohol)-poly(methyl methacrylate) nanofibers, ca. 30 nm in diameter and ca. 60 microm in length, were fabricated by one-step radical-mediated dispersion polymerization using 2,2'-azobis(isobutyronitrile) to reduce the silver ions. In this methodology, PVA acted both as a gelator to form the nanofibers and as a stabilizer to protect the silver clusters from sintering.
Elimination of Tumorigenic Human Pluripotent Stem Cells by a Recombinant Lectin-Toxin Fusion Protein (2015)

The application of stem-cell-based therapies in regenerative medicine is hindered by the tumorigenic potential of residual human pluripotent stem cells. Previously, we identified a human pluripotent stem-cell-specific lectin probe, called rBC2LCN, by comprehensive glycome analysis using high-density lectin microarrays. Here we developed a recombinant lectin-toxin fusion protein of rBC2LCN with a catalytic domain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A, termed rBC2LCN-PE23, which could be expressed as a soluble form from the cytoplasm of Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity by one-step affinity chromatography. rBC2LCN-PE23 bound to human pluripotent stem cells, followed by its internalization, allowing intracellular delivery of a cargo of cytotoxic protein. The addition of rBC2LCN-PE23 to the culture medium was sufficient to completely eliminate human pluripotent stem cells. Thus, rBC2LCN-PE23 has the potential to contribute to the safety of stem-cell-based therapies.
Software components-a scalable solution to platform independent software development for commercial applications (2003)

The Universal Component System (UCS), a platform-independent application development system targeted for large-scale, commercial applications, is discussed. UCS runs on several platforms, including Microsoft Windows, Macintosh, Unix/Motif, and Open-look. UCS addresses three major aspects of application portability: user interface, system services, and connectivity. UCS uniquely addresses traditional functionality-performance design tradeoffs by providing an architecture scalable to application developers' needs. The authors describe the design philosophy of UCS, and contrast it with other approaches. They highlight several unique aspects of the system, illustrating how their goals influenced the design of specific UCS components.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Merging DBS with viral vector or stem cell implantation: “hybrid” stereotactic surgery as an evolution in the surgical treatment of Parkinson's disease (2016)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder that is currently managed using a broad array of symptom-based strategies. However, targeting its molecular origins represents the potential to discover disease-modifying therapies. Deep brain stimulation (DBS), a highly successful treatment modality for PD symptoms, addresses errant electrophysiological signaling pathways in the basal ganglia. In contrast, ongoing clinical trials testing gene and cell replacement therapies propose to protect or restore neuronal-based physiologic dopamine transmission in the striatum. Given promising new platforms to enhance target localization-such as interventional MRI-guided stereotaxy-the opportunity now exists to create hybrid therapies that combine DBS with gene therapy and/or cell implantation. In this mini-review, we discuss approaches used for central nervous system biologic delivery in PD patients in previous trials and propose a new set of strategies based on novel molecular targets. A multifaceted approach, if successful, may not only contribute to our understanding of PD pathology but could introduce a new era of disease modification.
A unified phylogeny-based nomenclature for histone variants (2012)

Histone variants are non-allelic protein isoforms that play key roles in diversifying chromatin structure. The known number of such variants has greatly increased in recent years, but the lack of naming conventions for them has led to a variety of naming styles, multiple synonyms and misleading homographs that obscure variant relationships and complicate database searches. We propose here a unified nomenclature for variants of all five classes of histones that uses consistent but flexible naming conventions to produce names that are informative and readily searchable. The nomenclature builds on historical usage and incorporates phylogenetic relationships, which are strong predictors of structure and function. A key feature is the consistent use of punctuation to represent phylogenetic divergence, making explicit the relationships among variant subtypes that have previously been implicit or unclear. We recommend that by default new histone variants be named with organism-specific paralog-number suffixes that lack phylogenetic implication, while letter suffixes be reserved for structurally distinct clades of variants. For clarity and searchability, we encourage the use of descriptors that are separate from the phylogeny-based variant name to indicate developmental and other properties of variants that may be independent of structure.