gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decoding hand and cursor kinematics from magnetoencephalographic signals during tool use (2008)

The ability to decode kinematics of intended movement from neural activity is essential for the development of prosthetic devices, such as artificial arms, that can aid motor-disabled persons. To date, most of the progress in the development of neuromotor prostheses has been obtained by decoding neural activity acquired through invasive means, such as microelectrode arrays seated into motor cortical tissue. In this study, we demonstrate the feasibility of decoding both hand position and velocity from non-invasive magnetoencephalographic signals during a center-out drawing task in familiar and novel environments. The mean correlation coefficients between measured and decoded kinematics ranged from 0.27-0.61 for the horizontal dimension of movement and 0.06-0.58 for the vertical dimension. Our results indicate that non-invasive neuroimaging signals may contain sufficient kinematic information for controlling neuromotor prostheses.
TCR-stimulated naive human CD4+ 45R0- T cells develop into effector cells that secrete IL-13, IL-5, and IFN- <i>gamma</i> , but no IL-4, and help efficient IgE production by B cells. (1995)

It is currently believed that IgE production by B cells is induced by activated CD4+ Th2-like cells that produce increased amounts of IL-4 but low levels of IFN-gamma. We found that "naive" CD4+ 45RO- T cells primed and restimulated in vitro via the TCR developed into effector cells that produced large amounts of IL-13, IL-5, and IFN-gamma, but no IL-4. Such CD4 T cells induced surface IgD+E- B cells to produce large amounts of IgE. The IgE response could be blocked completely by neutralizing anti-IL-13 Abs, whereas anti-IL-4 had no effect. Addition of exogenous IL-4 during priming of CD4 cells suppressed clonal expansion and the development of Th cells including helpers for IgE, but increased endogenous production of IL-4 and IL-5, and suppressed production of IFN-gamma. Addition of exogenous IFN-alpha, IFN-gamma, or neutralizing anti-IFN-gamma mAbs affected neither priming of CD4 T cells nor B cell help. In contrast to CD4+ 45RO- naive T cells, CD4+ 45RO+ "memory" T cells primed and restimulated in vitro secreted IL-4 in addition to IL-13, IL-5, and IFN-gamma, and the IgE response induced by such cells could be blocked only by a combination of anti-IL-4 plus anti-IL-13 Abs. Unlike CD4 cells, CD8 cells could not be primed to help IgE production. The results indicate that TCR/CD3 cross-linking on naive human CD4 T cells is sufficient to induce the development of potent IgE helper cells, which secrete large amounts of IL-13, IL-5, and IFN-gamma, but no IL-4. Such Th cells may exacerbate atopic inflammation, because all by themselves they could drive IL-13-dependent IgE production, IL-5-dependent eosinophilia, and IFN-gamma-dependent macrophage activation, but could not suppress IFN-gamma production by other T cells via IL-4.
<title>Inference of three-dimensional structure from weak perspective projections based on pairwise comparisons of images</title> (1992)

A new method is proposed for extraction of 3-D rigid depth interpretations from pairwise comparisons of weak perspective projections. The method provides a simple criterion to test for the correctness of correspondence for a pair of images; the method also provides a description of a one-parameter family of interpretations for each pair of images that satisfies this criterion. We show that if at least three projections of a volumetric object are known, then a 3-D rigid interpretation can be inferred from pairwise comparisons between any one of these images and other images in the set. The 3-D interpretation is derived from the intersection of corresponding one-parameter families. The method provides a uniform computational basis for different processes of depth perception (for example, depth-from-stereo and depth-from- motion). In fact, a single mechanism for these processes in the human visual system could be sufficient. The proposed method does not require information about relative positions of eye(s) or camera(s) for different projections, but this information can be easily incorporated. This method can be applied for pairwise comparison within a single image. If any non-trivial correspondence is found it means that several views of the same object are present in the same image or that the object with volumetric symmetry is presented within the image. Results of pairwise comparison within a single image may also be considered in the process of depth reconstruction. If the object possesses two or more symmetries, its depth can be reconstructed from single image. Symmetry as a source of structural information is widely used by the visual system.
F-SVR: A new learning algorithm for support vector regression (2008)

In this paper, we present a new method for optimizing support vector machines for regression problems. This algorithm searches for efficient feasible directions. Within these selected directions, we choose the best one, i.e. the one, coupled with an optimal step analytical evaluation, that ensures a maximum increase of the objective function. The resulting solution, the gradient and the objective function are recursively determined and the Gram matrix has not to be stored. Our algorithm is based on SVM-Torch proposed by Collobert for regression, which is similar to SVM-Light suggested by Joachims for classifications problems, but adapted to regression problems. We are also inspired by LASVM proposed by Bordes for classification problems. F-SVR algorithm uses a new efficient working set selection heuristic, ingeniously exploits quadratic function properties, so it is fast as well as easy to implement and is able to perform on large data sets.
Effects of biodegradation on the carbon isotopic composition of natural gas-A case study in the bamianhe oil field of the Jiyang Depression, Eastern China (2005)

To study the characteristics and the effects of biodegradation on the carbon isotopic composition of gaseous hydrocarbons of the natural gases in the Bamianhe oil field of the Jiyang Depression, five gas samples and three associated oil samples from the Bamianhe oil field of the Jiyang Depression, Eastern China, were collected and analyzed. The results present here an example of gas biodegradation. The main component of natural gas is methane, in the range of 94.8 to 99.2%. There are only small amounts of ethane and heavier wet hydrocarbon components in the gas, with methane/(ethane + propane) ratios (C1/(C2 + C3)) ranging from 78 to 551. The carbon isotopic compositions of methane and ethane rang from -45.0 to -50.0‰ and from -34.2 to -39.8‰, respectively. The carbon isotopic compositions of propane, iso-butane and normal butane display significant variability, ranging from -2.6 to -31.1‰, -14.6 to -29.5‰, and -3.7 to -29.2‰, respectively. The δ13C of propane and normal butane are generally more enriched in 13C than that of iso-butane, and there exists a direct correlation between δ13C values of propane and normal butane of biodegraded gases. The carbon isotopic compositions of CO2 tend to become depleted in 13C with the increasing δ13C values of propane and n-butane. This study reveals that δ13C values of methane and ethane basically have not been changed by the biodegradation; biodegradation of natural gas can lead to drier gas compositions; the effects of biodegradation on the δ13C of normal butane are greater than that on the δ13C of iso-butane; and that propane and normal butane are attacked by microorganisms in a synchronous process. Normal alkanes in the oil samples from the Bamianhe oil field are lost partially or totally with the increasing degree of biodegradation, resulting in the rising of the ratios of (Acyclic Isoprenoid Alkanes/(Normal Alkanes and the ratios of (pristane + phytane)/(nC17 + nC18). With the increasing of the above ratios, the carbon isotopic compositions of propane, iso-butane and normal butane become enriched in 13C and the C1/(C2 + C3) ratios increase. It confirms that the abnormal gas components and carbon isotopic compositions of natural gases of the Bamianhe oil field are the result of biodegradation.
Long-Term Transtracheal High Frequency Ventilation in Dogs (1982)

Department of Anesthesiology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
Effect of Pressure on the Energy Levels of Impurities in Semiconductors. II. Gold in Silicon (1962)

The changes in resistivity of silicon samples containing gold impurity, which are appropriately counterdoped with hydrogenic impurities, have been measured at hydrostatic pressures up to 30 000 kg ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ near room temperature. The changes are explained by a dependence on pressure of the ionization energy of the gold impurity.The pressure coefficient of the energy of a gold acceptor level near the center of the forbidden gap has been determined, relative to both band edges; the coefficient of the separation from the conduction band edge is twice that of the separation from the valence band. The sum of the two coefficients gives a pressure coefficient for the total energy gap of -1.5\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ eV ${\mathrm{kg}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ between 0 and 4000 kg ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$ or -2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}6}$ eV ${\mathrm{kg}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{2}$ near 20 000 kg ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}2}$. The low-pressure value is in agreement with previous, more direct, determinations. A donor level due to the gold, roughly 0.35 eV above the valence band edge, has a very low pressure coefficient relative to that edge.
MRI detection of macrophages labeled using micrometer‐sized iron oxide particles (2007)

Cells labeled with one or more MPIO particles could be readily detected ex vivo at 11.7 Tesla and after infusion of the MPIO-labeled macrophages into the kidney of a rat, hypointense regions of the outer cortex are observed, in vivo, by MRI at 4.7 Tesla.
Far away, deep down, close in (2014)

In 2003 I released 100 SUNS, a meditation on American power and the sublime seen through US military nuclear detonation images made during the period of atmospheric testing, 1945 to 1963. As it happens, I was born on the day the Limited Nuclear Test Ban Treaty was signed and most nuclear nations (excepting France) agreed to confine all further explosions underground, on 5 August 1963. That day marked a major step forward in minimising pesky things like global radioactive fallout, but a great leap backwards in terms of an informed international citizenry: the price of subterranean activity is invisibility and ignorance. Where there is nothing to see, there is nothing to photograph; where there is no image, there is nothing to remember - or to know in the first place.
Synchronizing routing information of control plane and forwarding plane gracefully (2006)

High availability in networks has become increasingly critical. Although the graceful restart mechanism makes the restarting router continue forwarding packets, the routing information between the control plane and the forwarding plane tends be inconsistent after the router completes its restart. The routing information inconsistency has a great influence on the forwarding behavior. Some actions must be taken to synchronize them. We think the synchronizing process should be graceful to minimize the negative effect of the router restart and keep it non-stop forwarding. So we present an algorithm PFGSA (prefixes file based graceful synchronizing algorithm) in the case that the control plane cannot get the forwarding plane routing information. The analysis and test results of the algorithm show that the control plane can synchronize the routing information in relatively short time. We believe the availability in networks will be increased further with the implementation of our algorithm
Large Size Low Speed Four-Stroke Marine Diesel Engine (1979)

Directly coupled low speed four-stroke diesel engine is one of the most stable and reliable marine engines.The Hanshin-6LUS58, 6500PS, 6 cylinder high super-charged trunk piston type engine which is included in the above category is a large size with a cylinder bore of 580mm and a particularly long stroke of 1050mm.It is featured by simple construction and especially a low fuel consumption ratio, minimum value reaching to 142g/PSh, which makes this engine most adapted to the current energy-sating age.The paper shows the construction, some of the performance, the service experience and two-stage turbocharging of the engine.
FELIX: a PCIe based high-throughput approach for interfacing front-end and trigger electronics in the ATLAS Upgrade framework (2016)

The ATLAS Phase-I upgrade (2018) requires a Trigger and Data Acquisition (TDAQ) system able to trigger and record data from up to three times the nominal LHC instantaneous luminosity. The Front-End LInk eXchange (FELIX) system provides an infrastructure to achieve this in a scalable, detector agnostic and easily upgradeable way. It is a PC-based gateway, interfacing custom radiation tolerant optical links from front-end electronics, via FPGA PCIe Gen3 cards, to a commodity switched Ethernet or InfiniBand network. FELIX enables reducing custom electronics in favour of software running on commercial servers. The FELIX system, the design of the PCIe prototype card and the integration test results are presented in this paper.
Espresso: A Fast End-to-end Neural Speech Recognition Toolkit (2019)

We present Espresso, an open-source, modular, extensible end-to-end neural automatic speech recognition (ASR) toolkit based on the deep learning library PyTorch and the popular neural machine translation toolkit fairseq. Espresso supports distributed training across GPUs and computing nodes, and features various decoding approaches commonly employed in ASR, including look-ahead word-based language model fusion, for which a fast, parallelized decoder is implemented. Espresso achieves state-of-the-art ASR performance on the WSJ, LibriSpeech, and Switchboard data sets among other end-to-end systems without data augmentation, and is 4--11x faster for decoding than similar systems (e.g. ESPnet).
The interaction of nominal antigen with T cell antigen receptors. I. Specific binding of multivalent nominal antigen to cytolytic T cell clones. (1985)

In this report, we describe an experimental strategy for analyzing the interaction of nominal antigen with antigen-specific T cell clones. Our approach was based on the notion that low affinity interactions between nominal antigen and T cell antigen receptors might be detected by using a highly multivalent form of the antigen in which a large number of identical, appropriately spaced epitopes are attached to a polymer backbone. Antigens of this kind should be capable of multivalent binding to receptors on the T cell, resulting in a marked enhancement of the overall avidity of the interaction. To examine this possibility, we established a series of murine cytolytic T cell (Tc) clones specific for the readily detectable hapten fluorescein isothiocyanate (FL). These clones lysed FL-conjugated target cells in an antigen-specific fashion and also showed specificity for target cell MHC gene products. The interaction of these clones with the nominal antigen FL was assessed by flow cytometry, using a series of water-soluble FL-conjugated polymers varying in polymer backbone and FL isomer. High m.w. (600 to 2000 Kd) polymers of acrylamide, dextran, or Ficoll conjugated with 300 to 800 FL groups/molecule bound specifically to anti-FL Tc clones. There was little binding to syngeneic spleen cells, thymocytes, noncytolytic T cell clones, or T cell clones specific for other haptens such as NIP. Polymer concentrations in the 1 to 10 micrograms/ml range produced readily detectable binding within minutes at 20 degrees C, and the binding approached plateau levels at polymer concentrations of between 100 and 300 micrograms/ml. Studies with closely related FL isomers showed that the same antigen fine specificity was operative in both lysis of FL-conjugated target cells and in binding of FL-conjugated polymers. The functional significance of the observed binding was assessed by measuring the effect of FL-conjugated polymers on lymphokine secretion by the clones. High m.w. FL-conjugated polymers caused a dose-dependent increase in the production of macrophage activation factor (MAF) by anti-FL Tc clones, but did not increase MAF production by an NIP-specific clone. In contrast, concanavalin A induced MAF production by both FL-specific and NIP-specific clones. Thus, the observed binding is both specific and functionally significant. These results suggest that soluble nominal antigen, in an appropriately multivalent form, can bind specifically to antigen receptors on Tc clones.
Syntheses and Reactivities of Disubstituted and Trisubstituted Fluorous Pyridines with High Fluorous Phase Affinities:  Solid State, Liquid Crystal, and Ionic Liquid-Phase Properties (2002)

Reactions of 2,6-dibromo-, 3,5-dibromo-, and 2,4,6-tribromopyridine with IZnCH(2)CH(2)R(f8) (R(f8) = (CF(2))(7)CF(3)) in THF at 65 degrees C in the presence of trans-Cl(2)Pd(PPh(3))(2) (5 mol %) gave the fluorous pyridines 2,6- and 3,5-NC(5)H(3)(CH(2)CH(2)R(f8))(2) (1 and 2; 85%, 31%) and 2,4,6-NC(5)H(2)(CH(2)CH(2)R(f8))(3) (3, 61%). Reaction of 2,6-pyridinedicarboxaldehyde with [Ph(3)PCH(2)CH(2)R(f8)](+)I(-)/K(2)CO(3) (p-dioxane/H(2)O, 95 degrees C) gave 2,6-NC(5)H(3)(CH[double bond]CHCH(2)R(f8))(2) (95%; 70:30 ZZ/ZE), which was treated with H(2) (1 atm, 12 h) and 10% Pd/C to yield 2,6-NC(5)H(3)(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)R(f8))(2) (5, 95%), a higher homologue of 1. Longer reaction times afforded piperidine cis-2,6-HNC(5)H(8)(CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)R(f8))(2) (6, 98%). The stereochemistry was established by NMR analysis of the N-benzylpiperidine. Pyridines 1-3 and 5 are low-melting white solids with CF(3)C(6)F(11)/toluene partition coefficients (24 degrees C) of 93.8:6.2, 93.9:6.1, >99.7:<0.3, and 90.4:9.6, respectively (6, 93.6:6.4). Reaction of 1 and CF(3)SO(3)H gave a pyridinium salt, and Cl(2)Pd(NCCH(3))(2) (0.5 equiv) yielded trans-Cl(2)Pd(1)(2). The crystal structure of the former, which also exhibited liquid crystalline and ionic liquid phases, was determined.
Prosody-Based Sentence Boundary Detection of Spontaneous Speech (2014)

Sentence boundary detection (SBD), also known as sentence breaking decides where a sentence begins and ends. This paper describes sentence boundary detection using acoustic and prosodic features for spontaneous Malay language spoken audio. We introduced the addition of volume change rate to 7 prosodic features and rate-of-speech for our preliminary experiment of detecting sentence boundary. Experiments are conducted on a forty-two minutes question-answer (Q/A) session of spontaneous speech comprising 12 adult male speakers and 4 female speakers. The speech datasets are first classified as speech/non-speech segments and only the non-speech segments are further tested as candidates of sentence boundaries. Our proposed rule-based method of boundary detection managed a promising 74.88% accuracy rate. For future work, we are considering to utilize learning algorithm to improve the accuracy rate and reduce false alert.
[Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphisms with the susceptibility to chronic periodontitis of Han nationality]. (2005)

These data indicate that VDR ApaI allele A may be related to the susceptibility to CP in Han Nationality.
Euler-q Algorithm for Attitude Determination from Vector Observations (1998)

A new cost function for optimal attitude dee nition and the Euler- q algorithm based on this cost function are presented. Theoptimality criterion isderived from theEuler axis rotational property and allowsa fast and reliable computation of the optimal eigenaxis. The mathematical procedure leads to the eigenanalysisof a 3 £ 3 symmetric matrix whose eigenvector, associated with the smallest eigenvalue, is the optimal Euler axis. This eigenvector is evaluated by a simple cross vector, and the singularity is avoided using the method of sequential rotations. The rotational error is then analyzed and dee ned, and an accuracy comparison test is performed between a previously accepted criterion of optimal attitude and the proposed one. Results show that the earlier dee nition of optimality is slightly more precise than Euler- q, which, in turn, demonstrates a clear gain in computational speed.
Rhabdopeptide/Xenortide-like Peptides from <i>Xenorhabdus innexi</i> with Terminal Amines Showing Potent Antiprotozoal Activity (2018)

Seven new rhabdopeptide/xenortide-like peptides (RXPs) (1-7) with putrescine or ammonia as the C-terminal amines were isolated from Xenorhabdus innexi DSM 16336. Their chemical structures were elucidated by high-resoultion mass spectroscopy (HR-MS) and one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) NMR. They were evaluated for their activities against protozoan parasites and cytotoxicity against rat skeletal myoblasts (L6 cells). All tested compounds exhibited strong effects against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Plasmodium falciparum, with IC<sub>50</sub> values of 0.07-6.25 and 0.091-3.16 μM, respectively, making them the most active RXP derivatives known to date.
[Directions of alkylation of deoxyguanosine and deoxyguanylic acid by thio-TEPA]. (1986)

As exemplified with the reaction of well-known anticancer agent thio-TEPA with dGMP, the ability of ethylenimine derivatives to modify this DNA component under the conditions approaching the biological ones was demonstrated for the first time. Modification involves mainly the phosphate group alkylation. In addition, thio-TEPA alkylates the base in dGMP at position 7. The formation of dGMP 7-alkyl derivatives was confirmed by detecting the luminescent products generated in the course of this reaction.
Expression of Neurotensin and its Receptors in Pituitary Adenomas (2008)

The neurotensin (NT) produced in the hypothalamus and in pituitary gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs participates in neuroendocrine regulation. Recently, the involvement of this peptide in normal and neoplastic cell proliferation has been postulated. In the present study, we evaluated the expression of NT and its receptors (NTR1, 2 and 3) in a series of 50 pituitary adenomas [11 growth hormone (GH)-, eight prolactin (PRL)-, four adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH)- and 27 nonfunctioning adenomas]. NT mRNA expression was significantly higher in functioning compared to nonfunctioning adenomas and with normal pituitary. Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas showed lower expression of NT mRNA than normal pituitary. In the immunohistochemical study of functioning adenomas, NT was colocalised with GH, PRL and ACTH secreting cells. In nonfunctioning adenomas, the NT immunoreactivity intensity was variable among the samples. NTR3 mRNA expression was observed in all examined samples and was higher in the adenomas, both functioning and nonfunctioning, compared to normal pituitary. By contrast, NTR1 and NTR2 mRNA were not detected in either pituitary adenomas or normal tissue. The higher expression of NTR3, as well as the expression of NT by tumoural corticotrophs, lactotrophs and somatotrophs, which are cells types that do not express this peptide in the normal pituitary, suggests that NT autocrine and/or paracrine stimulation mediated by NTR3 may be a mechanism associated with the tumourigenesis of functioning adenomas.