gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Entropy of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Li</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:math>intercalation in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Li</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CoO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2004)

The entropy of lithiation of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$ for $0.5<x\ensuremath{\leqslant}1.0$ was determined from measurements of the temperature dependence of equilibrated voltages of electrochemical cells. Measured changes in the entropy of the lithiation reaction were as large as $9.0\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{k}_{\mathrm{B}}∕\mathrm{atom}$, and as large as $4.2\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}{k}_{\mathrm{B}}∕\mathrm{atom}$ within the $``\mathrm{O}3''$ layered hexagonal structure of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}{\mathrm{CoO}}_{2}$. Three contributions to the entropy of lithiation for the $\mathrm{O}3$ phase were assessed by experiment and calculation. The phonon entropy of lithiation was determined from measurements of inelastic neutron scattering. Phonon entropy can account for much of the negative entropy of lithiation, but its changes with lithium concentration were found to be small. Electronic structure calculations in the local density approximation gave a small electronic entropy of lithiation of the $\mathrm{O}3$ phase. The configurational entropy from lithium-vacancy disorder was large enough to account for most of the compositional trend in the entropy of lithiation of the $\mathrm{O}3$ phase if ordered structures exist at lithium concentrations of $x=1∕2$ and $x=5∕6$. The electrochemical measurements showed the existence of a two-phase region in the composition range between $x=5∕6$ and 0.95. Electronic structure calculations gave evidence that these phases were metallic and insulating, respectively. Changes of the electronic and configurational entropy were found to be of comparable importance for this metal-insulator transition.
Vitamin B <sub>2</sub> -based blue-light photoreceptors in the retinohypothalamic tract as the photoactive pigments for setting the circadian clock in mammals (1998)

In mammals the retina contains photoactive molecules responsible for both vision and circadian photoresponse systems. Opsins, which are located in rods and cones, are the pigments for vision but it is not known whether they play a role in circadian regulation. A subset of retinal ganglion cells with direct projections to the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) are at the origin of the retinohypothalamic tract that transmits the light signal to the master circadian clock in the SCN. However, the ganglion cells are not known to contain rhodopsin or other opsins that may function as photoreceptors. We have found that the two blue-light photoreceptors, cryptochromes 1 and 2 (CRY1 and CRY2), recently discovered in mammals are specifically expressed in the ganglion cell and inner nuclear layers of the mouse retina. In addition, CRY1 is expressed at high level in the SCN and oscillates in this tissue in a circadian manner. These data, in conjunction with the established role of CRY2 in photoperiodism in plants, lead us to propose that mammals have a vitamin A-based photopigment (opsin) for vision and a vitamin B2-based pigment (cryptochrome) for entrainment of the circadian clock.
Recent Progress of LCD-TVs using OCB Mode (2005)

We have newly developed 32 inch-in-diagonal HDTV (1366 x 768 pixels) panels using OCB (Optically Compensated Bend) mode and low temperature p-Si TFT (LTPS)array substrates. The OCB mode can provide advantages both fast response (4ms) and wide viewing angle (> 160 degrees). High performance of brightness of 600 cd/m2 and contrast ratio of 500 :1 w as obtained. By using pseudo-impulse driving method to insert a black period between continuous two frames, moving picture quality was drastically improved [1]. Moving Picture Response Time (MPRT) of 8.4ms was achieved, which was proposed as an indicator of moving picture quality. LTPS array substrates were fabricated in our p-Si line using the largest substrates (730mm x 920mm) and we realized large size and high definition(HD) panels with high performance and high uniformity. By using LTPS, peripheral circuits were integrated on glass substrates. Gate drivers and signal line selectors to reduce the number of external source drivers were integrated, resulting in huge cost reduction and high reliability.
Spin dynamics in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">CoPt</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>alloy films: A magnetic phase transition in the femtosecond time scale (1998)

We have measured the magnetization dynamics of an epitaxial ${\mathrm{CoPt}}_{3}$ alloy film using a magneto-optical pump-probe Kerr setup with 120 fs laser pulses. At high pump fluence, the film is driven from the ferro- to the paramagnetic state with a characteristic time comparable to the pulse duration. The associated demagnetization occurs within the thermalization time of the electrons to a Fermi distribution. These results demonstrate the feasibility of ultrafast magneto-optical devices.
SIR estimation for fast power control for FDD-UMTS (2003)

The control of transmission power is essential in third generation systems for several reasons. The fast power control (or closed-loop power control) is intended to track the fast fading of the channel. Therefore, the received SIR (signal-to-interference ratio) has to be estimated. This paper investigates the requirements for SIR estimation when used in fast power control. It is explained that delay is more critical than low exactness of the estimate. Then, it is derived that the SIR estimation problem can be reduced to the problem of signal power estimation. Different simple estimation methods give insight into the performance of SIR estimation. Moreover, a new estimation algorithm is derived that takes sent TPC (transmit power control) bits into account to improve SIR estimation. Finally, simulation results highlight the derived results.
A cysteine proteinase, which cleaves human C3, the third component of complement, is involved in tumorigenicity and metastasis of human melanoma. (1996)

The DM-4 human melanoma cell line, which is highly metastatic in nude mice, expresses a C3-cleaving activity that proteolyzes labeled as well as unlabeled human C3. This C3-cleaving activity is a cysteine proteinase characterized by a M(r) 41,000. The p41 proteinase shares antigenic determinants with murine p39 procathepsin-L and human procathepsin-L. Preincubation of DM-4 cells with anti-p39 F(ab')2 induced up to 45% decrease in their complement resistance. Pretreatment of DM-4 cells with anti-p39 Ab strongly inhibited their tumorigenicity and significantly decreased their metastatic potential in nude mice. Thus, the p41 C3-cleaving proteinase contributes to tumorigenicity and metastasis of human melanoma DM-4 cells.
Results from a randomized trial of salvage chemotherapy followed by lestaurtinib for patients with FLT3 mutant AML in first relapse (2011)

In a randomized trial of therapy for FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) mutant acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse, 224 patients received chemotherapy alone or followed by 80 mg of the FLT3 inhibitor lestaurtinib twice daily. Endpoints included complete remission or complete remission with incomplete platelet recovery (CR/CRp), overall survival, safety, and tolerability. Correlative studies included pharmacokinetics and analysis of in vivo FLT3 inhibition. There were 29 patients with CR/CRp in the lestaurtinib arm and 23 in the control arm (26% vs 21%; P = .35), and no difference in overall survival between the 2 arms. There was evidence of toxicity in the lestaurtinib-treated patients, particularly those with plasma levels in excess of 20 μM. In the lestaurtinib arm, FLT3 inhibition was highly correlated with remission rate, but target inhibition on day 15 was achieved in only 58% of patients receiving lestaurtinib. Given that such a small proportion of patients on this trial achieved sustained FLT3 inhibition in vivo, any conclusions regarding the efficacy of combining FLT3 inhibition with chemotherapy are limited. Overall, lestaurtinib treatment after chemotherapy did not increase response rates or prolong survival of patients with FLT3 mutant acute myeloid leukemia in first relapse. This study is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT00079482.
New results on selection diversity (1998)

The performances of selection diversity receiver structures in a slow flat Rayleigh-fading environment are assessed. A number of new and interesting results are obtained. Binary digital signaling using noncoherent frequency-shift keying (NCFSK), differential phase-shift keying (DPSK), coherent phase-shift keying (CPSK), and coherent frequency-shift keying (CFSK) is considered. The traditional analysis (the traditional selection diversity model) of a selection diversity system is based on choosing the branch with the largest signal-to-noise (SNR) power ratio while assuming that the noise power is constant across all branches. However, many practical selection systems choose the branch based on a largest signal-plus-noise (S+N selection) sample of a filter output. This paper comprises accurate analyses of such S+N selection systems. Results show that S+N selection systems perform better than predicted by the traditional selection diversity model. This is because the former includes the statistical nature of the noise, whereas the latter does not. The performance difference between the two models increases as the number of diversity branches increases. For each of DPSK and CPSK, the dual diversity equal gain (EG) combining and S+N selection systems perform identically. For each of NCFSK and CFSK, receiver structures which are equivalent when there is no diversity perform differently in a diversity environment. Certain dual diversity S+N selection systems give the same performances as EG combining or square law combining. The results are contingent upon perfect cophasing for the EG combining. In systems where estimates of the combining carrier phases contain noise, S+N selection outperforms EG combining for dual diversity.
Aspects of a head-mounted eye-tracker based on a bidirectional OLED microdisplay (2012)

In today's mobile world, small and lightweight information systems are becoming increasingly important. Microdisplays are the base for several near-to-eye display devices. The addition of an integrated image sensor significantly boosts the range of applications. This paper describes the base-building block for these systems: the bidirectional organic light-emitting diode microdisplay. A small and lightweight optic design, an eye-tracking algorithm, and interaction concepts are also presented.
A practical algorithm to correct geometrical distortion of image acquisition cameras (2005)

In this paper a new practical and simple method for removing the distortion of image acquisition cameras is described. A pattern image with straight horizontal and vertical lines is used to automatically compute the radial and tangential distortion based upon classical models, relying on the observed apparent distortion of the lines (obtained from a Canny's edge detector and making use of the Hough's Transform). The applied model is very robust and complete. Some practical results with real images are shown.
REVERSIBLE THERMOSENSITIVE GLUE FOR RETINAL IMPLANTS (2007)

pNIPAM provides effective in vitro retinal adhesion between 32 and 38 degrees C and this adhesion is completely reversible by lowering the temperature of the physiologic medium.
The Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Profile of Tigecycline (2005)

Tigecycline, a first-in-class expanded-spectrum antimicrobial agent, has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of complicated intra-abdominal and skin and skin-structure infections. This new antibiotic is available as an intravenous formulation and exhibits linear pharmacokinetics. It is rapidly distributed and has a large volume of distribution, indicating extensive tissue penetration. After a 100-milligram loading dose, followed by 50 milligrams every 12 h, the steady-state maximum concentration in serum after a 1-h infusion is approximately 0.6 microg/mL, the 24-h steady-state area under the concentration-time curve is approximately 5-6 microg.h/mL, and the terminal elimination half-life is approximately 40 h. The major route of elimination of tigecycline is through the feces, primarily as unchanged drug. The pharmacokinetic profile is not affected by severe or end-stage renal disease, nor is it significantly altered by hemodialysis. The pharmacokinetics of tigecycline are also not affected by food, although tolerability is increased if the drug is administered following a meal.
An endothelial laminin isoform, laminin 8 (α4β1γ1), is secreted by blood neutrophils, promotes neutrophil migration and extravasation, and protects neutrophils from apoptosis (2004)

During extravasation, neutrophils migrate through the perivascular basement membrane (BM), a specialized extracellular matrix rich in laminins. Laminins 8 (LN-8) (alpha4beta1gamma1) and 10 (LN-10) (alpha5beta1gamma1) are major components of the endothelial BM, but expression, recognition, and use of these laminin isoforms by neutrophils are poorly understood. In the present study, we provide evidence, using a panel of novel monoclonal antibodies against human laminin alpha4 (LNalpha4) chain, that neutrophils contain and secrete LN-8, and that this endogenous laminin contributes to chemoattractant-induced, alphaMbeta2-integrin-dependent neutrophil migration through albumin-coated filters. Phorbol ester-stimulated neutrophils adhered to recombinant human (rh) LN-8, rhLN-10, and mouse LN-1 (mLN-1) (alpha1beta1gamma1) via alphaMbeta2-integrin, and these laminin isoforms strongly promoted chemoattractant-induced neutrophil migration via the same integrin. However, only rhLN-8 enhanced the spontaneous migration. In addition, recruitment of neutrophils into the peritoneum following an inflammatory stimulus was impaired in LNalpha4-deficient mice. rhLN-8 also protected isolated neutrophils from spontaneous apoptosis. This study is the first to identify a specific laminin isoform in neutrophils and provides evidence for the role of LN-8 in the adhesion, migration, extravasation, and survival of these cells.
Cytolytically inactive terminal complement complex causes transendothelial migration of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in vitro and in vivo (2002)

Intravital microscopy was used to monitor leukocyte traffic across rat mesenteric postcapillary venules induced by the inactive terminal complement (C) complex (iTCC) topically applied to ileal mesentery. Leukocytes started rolling within 15 minutes from the administration of iTCC, and by 1 hour they adhered almost completely to the endothelium emigrating from the vessels in the next 3 hours. C5a caused a similar, though less marked, effect, whereas boiled iTCC was inactive, excluding the contribution of contaminating lipopolysaccharide. The complex stimulated the migration of polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) across endothelial cells (ECs) in a transwell system after a 4-hour incubation of ECs with iTCC added to the lower chamber of the transwell, whereas a 30-minute incubation was sufficient for C5a and interleukin (IL)-8 to induce the passage of PMNs. C5a was not responsible for the effect of iTCC because this complex had no chemotactic activity and contained too small an amount of C5a to account for the transendothelial migration of PMNs. Similarly, the effect of iTCC was not mediated by IL-8 released by stimulated ECs because anti-IL-8 failed to inhibit the migration of PMNs induced by the complex. Unlike tumor necrosis factor-alpha, iTCC did not cause the redistribution of platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1), and PMN mobilization was partially blocked by anti-PECAM-1 antibodies.
Induced Micronutrient Toxicity in ‘Touchdown’ Kentucky Bluegrass (1996)

The growth of turfgrass may be affected by excess levels of micronutrients. The objectives of this study were to determine changes in growth responses, leaf pigmentation, and chloroplast structure of Kentucky bluegrass ( Poa pratensis L. cv. Touchdown) as affected by elevated levels of micronutrients. Plants were established in peat‐lite mix in 11‐cm pots using a standard nutrient solution and were thereafter constantly fertilized with nutrient solutions supplemented with individual treatments of 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, or 12 m M of boron (B), chloride (Cl), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), molybdenum (Mo), or zinc (Zn) for 7 wk. The control solution had (in μ M ) 20 B, 0.5 Cu, 40 Fe, 10 Mn, 0.5 Mo, and 4 Zn. The lowest micronutrient concentrations that showed visual toxicity symptoms were 0.5 m M B, 12 m M Cl, 1 m M Cu, 4 m M Fe, 0.5 m M Mo, or 4 m M Zn. A reduction in dry matter yield was evident when the nutrient solution contained 2 m M B, 4 m M Cu, 2 m M Mo, or 4 m M Zn. Elevated levels of Cl, Fe, or Mn did not alter the biomass yield. Chlorophyll‐ a ( Chl‐a ), chlorophyll‐ b ( Chl‐b ), and carotenoid contents decreased as B concentration increased. Chlorophyll ( Chl ) content, particularly that of Chl‐b , increased with elevated levels of Fe. The altered Chl‐b levels induced by Fe correlated with increased levels of light harvesting chlorophyll (LHC) apoproteins and granai membrane accumulations. The loss of Chl in the B and Mo treatments correlated with decreased stroma membrane level and smaller chloroplast size, respectively. A linear relationship between the tissue and nutrient‐solution concentration existed for each micronutrient, suggesting a passive uptake by the plants. Findings of this study may be used in identifying altered growth and physiological characteristics of Kentucky bluegrass caused by supraoptimal levels of micronutrients.
Single-Junction Polymer Solar Cells with Over 10% Efficiency by a Novel Two-Dimensional Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Copolymer (2015)

Recent advances in bulk heterojunction (BHJ) polymer solar cell (PSC) performance have resulted from compressing the band gap to enhance the short-circuit current density (JSC) while lowering the highest occupied molecular orbital to increase the open-circuit voltage (VOC) and consequently enhance the power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). However, PCEs of PSCs are still constrained by a low JSC, small VOC, and low fill factor (FF). In this study, we report 10.12% PCE from single-junction PSCs based on a novel two-dimensional (2D) conjugated copolymer. By introduction of conjugated 5-alkylthiophene-2-yl side chains to substitute nonconjugated alkoxy side chains in one-dimensional (1D) poly[[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7), a novel 2D donor-acceptor low-band-gap conjugated copolymer, poly[[4,8-bis[(5-ethylhexyl)thienyl]benzo[1,2-b;3,3-b]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7-DT), is developed. 2D PTB7-DT is further systematically investigated by absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, charge carrier mobility measurement, thin film morphology, and wide-angle X-ray diffraction and compared with 1D PTB7. In comparison with 1D PTB7, 2D PTB7-DT possesses a narrower band gap, tighter π-π stacking, and higher charge carrier mobility. These results are consistent with the observation from first-principle calculations. Consequently, the single-junction PSCs based on 2D PTB7-DT exhibit a PCE of 10.12% with a high JSC, larger VOC, and high FF in comparison with the PSCs based on 1D PTB7.
High-density plane deposition kinetics and facet propagation in silicon-selective epitaxial growth (2006)

In this paper, we are investigating the silicon growth on such profiles resulting from the vapour phase HCl treatment. Facet apparition and kinetics are investigated as a function of the temperature and initial surface morphology
Plant growth promoting potential and soil enzyme production of the most abundant<i>Streptomyces</i>spp. from wheat rhizosphere (2012)

The abundant Actinomycetes obtained in this study (S. rochei IDWR19 and S. thermolilacinus IDWR81) are rhizosphere competent and effective strains.
Carbodiimide insertion reactions of homoleptic heavier alkaline earth amides and phosphides (2010)

A series of homoleptic guanidinate-type complexes of the heavier alkaline earth (Ae) metals calcium and strontium have been prepared. The six-coordinate compounds [Ae{(i)PrNC(NPh(2))CN(i)Pr}(2)(THF)(2)] (Ae = Ca and Sr) were synthesised through reactions of the appropriate THF-solvated hexamethyldisilazide [Ae{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(2)(THF)(2)] with two molar equivalents of diphenylamine and 1,3-di-iso-propylcarbodiimide. Both compounds were shown to crystallise with a cisoid arrangement of the two THF molecules at the metal centres. In contrast, the (Me(3)Si)(2)N-substituted calcium guanidinate, [Ca{CyNC{N(SiMe(3))(2)}CNCy}(2)(THF)(2)], contains two coordinated THF molecules with a trans disposition. Further reactions of the free amidine [{(2-FC(6)H(4))N}C(NH(i)Pr)(2)] with either [Ca{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(2)(THF)(2)] or its dimeric unsolvated analogue provided monomeric or dimeric derivatives respectively in which the ligands had tautomerised to an anisobidentate form. A further reaction of the phosphaguanidine [CyN=C(PPh(2))N(H)Cy] with [Sr{N(SiMe(3))(2)}(2)(THF)(2)] provided the first example of a phosphaguanidinate complex of this heavier alkaline earth metal. This compound has also been characterised in the solid state and shown to exist with a transoid configuration of the coordinated THF molecules.
The dynamic response of constant resistance anemometers (1970)

The dynamic response of constant resistance anemometer systems is related to the thermal equilibrium of the probe during unsteady changes in surface cooling and also to the characteristics of the feedback system which supplies the heating current. This maintains the probe resistance and average temperature at approximately constant values. In this paper the thermal equilibrium and feedback equations are combined, taking account of the inductance of the probe cables, to derive the governing equation for the unsteady probe current. The probe inductance raises the order of this equation from first to second.
Neuropeptides and their receptors in psoriatic skin in relation to pruritus (2007)

Pruritus is a common feature in psoriasis. Considering the well-known roles of neuropeptides in pathogenesis of both psoriasis and pruritus, increased SPR, TrkA and CGRPR may be involved in the pathogenesis of pruritus in psoriasis and in the severity of psoriasis.
Electroless Nickel Plating of Magnesium (1997)

SummaryThe development of a reliable production process for the electroless nickel plating of magnesium die casting alloy is described. The chemistries of the pre-treatment process and the electroless nickel solution itself are interdependent. SEM, EDX and EPS studies were made of the magnesium surface at various stages in the pre-treatment in an effort to explain the mechanism of adhesion and deposition.