gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The ACT-ONE trial, a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-finding study of the anabolic/catabolic transforming agent, MT-102 in subjects with cachexia related to stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer: (2011)

AIMS: Cachexia, the wasting disorder associated with a wide range of serious illnesses including cancer, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. There is currently no widely approved therapeutic agent for treating or preventing cancer-associated cachexia. Colorectal cancer and non-small cell lung cancer have relatively high incidences of cachexia, approximately 28% and 34%, respectively. Neurohormonal overactivity has been implicated in the genesis and progression of cachexia and beta receptor antagonism has been proposed as a potential therapy. MT-102, a novel anabolic/catabolic transforming agent, has a multi-functional effect upon three potential pharmacological targets in cancer cachexia, namely reduced catabolism through non-selective β-blockade, reduced fatigue, and thermogenesis through central 5-HT1a antagonism and increased anabolism through partial β-2 receptor agonism. METHODS: At least 132 male and female patients, aged between 25 and 80 years with a confirmed diagnosis of late-stage non-small cell lung cancer or colorectal cancer, with cachexia will be randomised to either one of the two MT-102 doses or placebo in a 3:1:2 ratio (MT-102 10 mg BD(-1)/MT-102 2.5 mg BD/placebo). Patients will continue on study treatment for maximally 16 weeks. The primary endpoint, to be analysed by assigned treatment group, will be body weight change over 16 weeks. For this endpoint, the study has 85% power (0.05% significance level) to detect per 4-week period a mean change of -0.8 kg in the placebo group and 0 kg in the high-dose MT-102 arm. The first patient was randomised in February 2011 and patient recruitment is expected to continue until mid-2012. PERSPECTIVE: The ACT-ONE trial is designed to test whether the anabolic/catabolic transforming agent MT-102 will positively impact on the rate of change of body weight in cancer cachexia, thereby evaluating a novel therapeutic strategy in this hitherto poorly treatable condition. A separate ACT-TWO trial will recruit patients who complete the ACT-ONE trial and remain on randomised double-blind medication. Participants in ACT-TWO will be followed for an additional period with a separate primary endpoint.
EVALUATING THE PECAN AND SWEET POTATO PILOT INSURANCE PROGRAMS: A CASE STUDY IN THE APPLICATION OF UTILIZATION-FOCUSED CLIENT-BASED METHODOLOGY (2006)

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the application of qualitative evaluation techniques to generate information for decision making in a field setting. To achieve this goal, the paper presents a brief review of the epistemology of the qualitative technique of participatory action research and use focused evaluation. This is followed by an analysis of the results of the evaluation of the Pecan and Sweet Potato Pilot Insurance Programs to demonstrate the application of these qualitative techniques to generate information for decision making in a complex social milieu. The results of this case-study demonstrate the utility of qualitative techniques to produce credible and reliable information to decision makers. Risk has always been a n important factor in agriculture . The business of agriculture, however, has changed dramatically over the past few years. Farmers are now operating in a new environment where opportunities have increased, as have the risks associated with these opportunities. In this new environment, the changing role of government in agriculture has led to the elimination of ad hoc disaster payments and deficiency payments to farmers during years of crop disaster and p rice support during y ears of l ow prices. This h as l ed t o i ncreasing risk exposure for farmers (United States Department of Agriculture 1997). In t his vola tile en vironment crop insurance has bec ome an important risk management tool. Crop insurance not only protects the farmer against losses, but it also ensures a reliable level of cash flow and allows the farmer more flexibility in marketing his products (United States Department of Agriculture 1997). As part of the USDA’s effort to make crop insurance available to more farmers, the Board of Directors of the Federal Crop Insurance Corporation (FCIC) approved the Pecan Revenue Pilot Insurance Program and the Sweet Potato Pilot Insurance Program for the crop year 1998. The Pecan Pilot Revenue Insurance Pro gram provides protection a gainst an unavoidable de cline in rev enue du e t o ad verse weather, fire, insects, earthquake, volcanic eruptions, failure of the irrigation water supply, decline in market prices, and disease. The Pecan Revenue Pilot Insurance Program is ava ilable in the following states and counties: Dougherty, Lee and Mitchell counties in Georgia; Dona Ana County in New Mexico and Culberson, El Paso, and Pecos counties in Texas. The Sweet Potato Pilot Program is an Actual
Multiresolution optimal interpolation and statistical analysis of TOPEX/POSEIDON satellite altimetry (1995)

A recently developed multiresolution estimation framework offers the possibility of highly efficient statistical analysis, interpolation, and smoothing of extremely large data sets in a multiscale fashion. This framework enjoys a number of advantages not shared by other statistically-based methods. In particular, the algorithms resulting from this framework have complexity that scales only linearly with problem size, yielding constant complexity load per grid point independent of problem size. Furthermore these algorithms directly provide interpolated estimates at multiple resolutions, accompanying error variance statistics of use in assessing resolutionlaccuracy tradeoffs and in detecting statistically significant anomalies, and maximum likelihood estimates of parameters such as spectral power law coefficients. Moreover, the efficiency of these algorithms is completely insensitive to irregularities in the sampling or spatial distribution of measurements and to heterogeneities in measurement errors or model parameters. For these reasons this approach has the potential of being an effective tool in a variety of remote sensing problems. In this paper, we demonstrate a realization of this potential by applying the multiresolution framework to a problem of considerable current interest-the interpolation and statistical analysis of ocean surface data from the TOPEXPOSEIDON altimeter
Medical Therapy of Urolithiasis (2006)

Nephrolithiasis treatment has become easier and less invasive with the development of extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (SWL) and endourologic techniques. However, medical therapy represents a well-established and complementary approach that can improve the efficacy of SWL and endourology. During recent decades, pharmacologic intervention has become more effective in stone disease: drugs can control the pain of renal colic, interfere at various levels in lithogenesis, and contribute to the expulsion of stones. It is well known that lithogenesis is a multifactorial process influenced by environmental-nutritional factors (low urinary volume, diet rich in animal protein, etc) and metabolic alterations; i.e., hypercalciuria, hyperuricosuria, and deficiency of stone-inhibiting factors (citrate, magnesium, glycosaminoglycans [GAGs]). Specific drugs such as citrate, allopurinol, and thiazide represent highly effective treatments for the promoting factors. Furthermore, recent findings suggest an interesting role for a phytotherapeutic agent, Phillantus niruri, and its inhibitory action on calcium oxalate crystallization related to the higher incorporation of GAGs into the calculi. Another step forward in medical management of stone disease is expulsive therapy. Many studies have proven the efficacy of medical expulsive therapy with nifedipine and alpha-blockers: their specific action on ureteral smooth muscle in association with anti-edema drugs accounts for their efficacy in expelling ureteral stones. In this paper, we provide an update on the medical treatment of stone disease, focusing our attention on what is known and what is new in renal colic and litholithic and expulsive medical therapy.
Antioxidant vitamins and immune function. (2002)

This chapter discusses the role of antioxidant vitamins (vitamins C and E and carotenoids) in maintaining immune cell function against infections and in reducing the risk of developing chronic oxidative stress-related disorders (e.g., neoplasms, aging). The nature of reactive oxygen species, antioxidant defences and dietary sources of antioxidant vitamins are briefly described.
Third-generation infrared photodetector arrays (2009)

Hitherto, two distinct families of multielement detector arrays have been used for infrared (IR) imaging system applications: linear arrays for scanning systems (first generation) and two-dimensional arrays for staring systems (second generation). Nowadays, third-generation IR systems are being developed which, in the common understanding, provide enhanced capabilities such as larger numbers of pixels, higher frame rates, better thermal resolution, multicolor functionality, and/or other on-chip signal-processing functions. In this paper, fundamental and technological issues associated with the development and exploitation of third-generation IR photon detectors are discussed. In this class of detectors the two main competitors, HgCdTe photodiodes and quantum-well photoconductors, are considered. This is followed by discussions focused on the most recently developed focal plane arrays based on type-II strained-layer superlattices and quantum dot IR photodetectors. The main challenges facing multicolor devices are concerned with complicated device structures, thicker and multilayer material growth, and more difficult device fabrication, especially for large array sizes and/or small pixel dimensions. This paper also presents and discusses the ongoing detector technology challenges that are being addressed in order to develop third-generation infrared photodetector arrays.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Risk Factor for Pneumonia Caused by Legionella micdadei? (1997)

Since 1976, when Legionella pneumophila was first characterized, more than 34 species of this gram-negative, aerobic, non—spore-forming, unencapsulated bacillus have been described. Legionella pneumophila accounts for 85% of reported cases of pneumonia caused by Legionella . Of the remaining 15%, 60% are caused by Legionella micdadei. Legionella micdadei was first discovered in 1977 at the University of Pittsburgh (Pa) as a gram-negative, weakly acid-fast bacillus isolated from the lung tissue of patients who had undergone renal transplantation and developed pneumonitis. Legionella micdadei has emerged as a significant cause of nosocomial pneumonia in immunocompromised patients. We describe a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) who suffered from pneumonia caused by L micdadei and review the literature on this topic. Report of a Case. A 44-year-old white man with SLE diagnosed in 1981 experienced fevers (body temperature, 39.4°C) and headaches 1 week prior to admission to the hospital. In the past, he had
PRIMARY AND SECONDARY DEFICIENCIES OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL RESPIRATORY CHAIN (1998)

The first observation of mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction was made in 1959 with the report of a biochemical defect in the skeletal muscle of a euthyroid patient with hypermetabolism. Since then, numerous disorders have been found to be associated with mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, the nervous system being particularly affected. In 1988, the discovery of large-scale deletions of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in mitochondrial myopathies and a point mutation associated with Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy marked the beginning of a new era of mitochondrial research with the identification of many more pathogenic mutations. More recently, there has been great interest in the role of mitochondrial dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases and aging. In this review, we discuss inborn and acquired mitochondrial abnormalities and the relationship of mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction to neurological disorders.
Advances in Induction and Microwave Heating of Mineral and Organic Materials (2011)

The book offers comprehensive coverage of the broad range of scientific knowledge in the fields of advances in induction and microwave heating of mineral and organic materials. Beginning with industry application in many areas of practical application to mineral materials and ending with raw materials of agriculture origin the authors, specialists in different scientific area, present their results in the two sections: Section 1-Induction and Microwave Heating of Mineral Materials, and Section 2-Microwave Heating of Organic Materials.
Demonstration of a stable ultrafast laser based on a nonlinear microcavity (2012)

Ultrashort pulsed lasers, operating through the phenomenon of mode-locking, have had a significant role in many facets of our society for 50 years, for example, in the way we exchange information, measure and diagnose diseases, process materials, and in many other applications. Recently, high-quality resonators have been exploited to demonstrate optical combs. The ability to phase-lock their modes would allow mode-locked lasers to benefit from their high optical spectral quality, helping to realize novel sources such as precision optical clocks for applications in metrology, telecommunication, microchip-computing, and many other areas. Here we demonstrate the first mode-locked laser based on a microcavity resonator. It operates via a new mode-locking method, which we term filter-driven four-wave mixing, and is based on a CMOS-compatible high quality factor microring resonator. It achieves stable self-starting oscillation with negligible amplitude noise at ultrahigh repetition rates, and spectral linewidths well below 130 kHz.
DYNAMIC COMPUTER SIMULATION OF PARTS FEEDING ON A VIBRATORY BOWL FEEDER (2006)

This paper describes the development of three-dimensional (3D) computer simulation software using Java 3D API to simulate parts feeding and orienting in a vibratory bowl feeder. The simulation software can perform dynamic simulation of part motion and the interaction of simple parts with the designed orienting mechanism, therefore enabling the reliability and capability of the design of the mechanism to be assessed prior to fabrication of the bowl feeder.
Efficient retiming and unfolding (1993)

Data-flow graphs (DFGs) can be used to represent a signal-flow graph, a synchronous system or digital circuitry. Retiming and unfolding are two useful techniques which have been effectively applied to optimize the realization of DFGs. The retiming technique reorganizes an iteration; the unfolding technique schedules several iterations together. These two techniques can be combined to schedule DFGs optimally. The authors present a very efficient algorithm to combine these two techniques. They also present simple methods for examining an unfolded graph by simulating it on the original DFG.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cyclosporin A rapidly inhibits mediator release from human basophils presumably by interacting with cyclophilin. (1990)

We have examined the effects of cyclosporin A (CsA) and a series of CsA analogs that bind with decreasing affinity to cyclophilin, to evaluate the involvement of this protein in the release of preformed (histamine) and de novo synthesized (peptide leukotriene C4; LTC4) mediators of inflammatory reactions from human basophils. CsA (8 to 800 nM) concentration-dependently inhibited (5 to 60%) histamine release from peripheral blood basophils challenged with anti-IgE. CsA was more potent (92.6 +/- 1.8 vs 59.1 +/- 4.5%; p less than 0.001) and, at low concentrations, more effective when the channel-operated influx of Ca2+ was bypassed by the ionophore A23187 (IC40 = 24.1 +/- 3.9 vs 105.5 +/- 22.2 nM; p less than 0.05). CsA had no effect on the release of histamine caused by phorbol myristate and bryostatin 1 that activate different isoforms of protein kinase C. Inhibition of histamine release from basophils challenged with anti-IgE was not abolished by washing (three times) the cells before anti-IgE challenge. CsA also inhibited the de novo synthesis of LTC4 from basophils challenged with anti-IgE. The inhibitory effect of CsA was very rapid, and the drug, added from 1 to 10 min during the reaction, inhibited the ongoing release of histamine caused by anti-IgE and by A23187. The experiments with CsA analogs (CsG, CsC, CsD, and CsH) showed that CsH, which has an extremely low affinity for cyclophilin, has no effect on basophil mediator release. In addition, there is a significant correlation between the concentrations of CsA, G, C, and D that inhibited by 30% the histamine release induced by anti-IgE (r = 0.99; p less than 0.001) and by A23187 (r = 0.87; p less than 0.001) and their affinity for cyclophilin.
Design and Implementation of a Pilot Signal Scanning Receiver for CDMA Personal Communication Services Systems (1998)

In cellular and personal communications services (PCS) systems based on code division multiple access (CDMA), a pilot signal is used on the forward link for synchronization, coherent detection, soft handoff, maintaining orthogonality between base stations, and, in the future, position location. It is critical that the percentage of power allocated to the pilot signal transmitted by each base station be fixed properly to ensure the ability of the CDMA network to support subscriber demand. This thesis reports on the design and implementation of a prototype receiver for measuring pilot signals in CDMA PCS systems. Since the pseudonoise (PN) signal of the pilot channel is a priori information, the receiver searches for pilot signals by digitally correlating the received signal with this known, locally generated pilot signal. By systematically changing the phase of this locally generated pilot signal, the receiver scans the received signal to identify all possible signs of pilot signal activity. Large values of correlation indicate the presence of a pilot signal at the particular phase of the locally generated pilot signal. The receiver can also detect multipath components of the pilot signal transmitted from a given base station. One issue associated with this receiver is its ability to keep the signal power within the dynamic range of the analog-to-digital (A/D) converter at its input. This necessitated the design of an automatic gain control (AGC) mechanism, which is digitally implemented in this receiver. Simulation studies were undertaken to assist in the design and implementation of the pilot signal scanning receiver. These simulations were used to quantify how various non-idealities related to the radio frequency (RF) front-end and A/D converter adversely affect the ability of the digital signal processing algorithms to detect and measure pilot signals. Because the period of the pilot signal is relatively long, methods were developed to keep the receiver's update period as small as possible without compromising its detection ability. Furthermore, the high sampling rate required strains the ability of the digital logic to produce outputs at a rate commensurate with real-time operation. This thesis presents techniques that allow the pilot signal scanning receiver to achieve real-time operation. These techniques involve the judicious use of partial correlations and windowing the received signal to decrease the transfer rate from the A/D converter to the digital signal processor. This thesis provides a comprehensive discussion of these and other issues associated with the actual hardware implementation of the pilot signal scanning receiver.
Tools for information security assurance arguments (2002)

To design a system that can be trusted or assess security properties in a system, the related assurance arguments need to be developed and described effectively in an understandable way. To meet this pressing need, we have developed a prototype tool, VNRM (Visual Network Rating Methodology), to help users develop a map to assurance arguments and document it with related descriptions in a common environment. This map depicts the claim trees for the assurance arguments related to the enterprise security objective. VNRM supports ECM (Enterprise Certification Methodology) for deriving and organizing the related assurance arguments effectively and uses CAML (Composite Assurance Mapping Language) for describing the assurance arguments in the map. After the successful development of VNRM, we have started to develop a more robust tool, SANE (Security Assurance Navigation and Environment), providing more features, reusability of assurance arguments, and access control to CAML maps.
Synthesis and Properties of Benzil End-Capped Acetylene Terminated Phenylquinoxalines (BATQs) (1978)

Abstract : A series of new acetylene-terminated phenylquinoxaline materials have been prepared utilizing 4-(3-ethynylphenoxy)benzil. The amorphous materials with molecular weights from 500 to 1460 exhibited softening in the 25 - 160 deg C range with a strong polymerization exotherm reaching a maximum at 270 - 290 deg C. The addition nonvolatile cure provides thermoset systems which show excellent thermoxidative stability for high temperature matrix and adhesive resins. Reactive diluents have been synthesized which are completely compatible and provided additives for melt processability.
The Mechanism(s) of Hypoxic Pulmonary Vasoconstriction: Potassium Channels, Redox O<sub>2</sub>Sensors, and Controversies (2002)

Hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction matches perfusion to ventilation and optimizes systemic oxygenation. Alterations in PO(2) are sensed by a vascular redox O(2) sensor in the pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell, probably within the mitochondria. This creates a signal that modulates redox-sensitive K(+) channels, thereby controlling membrane potential, Ca(2+) entry, and tone.
Iterated wavelet transformation and signal discrimination for hrr radar target recognition (2003)

This paper explores the use of wavelets to improve the selection of discriminant features in the target recognition problem using high range resolution (HRR) radar signals in an air to air scenario. We show that there is statistically no difference among four different wavelet families in extracting discriminatory features. Since similar results can be obtained from any of the four wavelet families and wavelets within the families, the simplest wavelet (Haar) should be used. We use the box classifier to select the 128 most salient pseudo range bins and then apply the wavelet transform to this reduced set of bins. We show that by iteratively applying this approach, the classifier performance is improved. We call this the iterated wavelet transform . The number of times the feature reduction and transformation can be performed while producing improved classifier performance is small and the transformed features are shown to quickly cause the performance to approach an asymptote.
Peralkylated Polyaminophosphazenes— Extremely Strong, Neutral Nitrogen Bases (1987)

Probably the strongest uncharged nitrogen bases are readily accessible, unusually stable oligophosphazenes such as 1–3 (pKa(H2O)≤29–30). They are efficient dehydrohalogenating reagents for primary and secondary halides and exhibit low nucleophilicity. Their stability is revealed by, among other things, the fact that 1 only undergoes hydrolysis in D2O at 160°C and, even under these conditions, 2 and 3 remain unchanged for at least 20 h.