gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>derrière</i>: a TGF-β family member required for posterior development in <i>Xenopus</i> (1999)

TGF-beta signaling plays a key role in induction of the Xenopus mesoderm and endoderm. Using a yeast-based selection scheme, we isolated derrière, a novel TGF-beta family member that is closely related to Vg1 and that is required for normal mesodermal patterning, particularly in posterior regions of the embryo. Unlike Vg1, derrière is expressed zygotically, with RNA localized to the future endoderm and mesoderm by late blastula, and to the posterior mesoderm by mid-gastrula. The derrière expression pattern appears to be identical to the zygotic expression domain of VegT (Xombi, Brat, Antipodean), and can be activated by VegT as well as fibroblast growth factor (FGF). In turn, derrière activates expression of itself, VegT and eFGF, suggesting that a regulatory loop exists between these genes. derrière is a potent mesoderm and endoderm inducer, acting in a dose-dependent fashion. When misexpressed ventrally, derrière induces a secondary axis lacking a head, an effect that is due to dorsalization of the ventral marginal zone. When misexpressed dorsally, derrière suppresses head formation. derrière can also posteriorize neurectoderm, but appears to do so indirectly. Together, these data suggest that derrière expression is compatible only with posterior fates. In order to assess the in vivo function of derrière, we constructed a dominant interfering Derrière protein (Cm-Derrière), which preferentially blocks Derrière activity relative to that of other TGFbeta family members. Cm-derrière expression in embryos leads to posterior truncation, including defects in blastopore lip formation, gastrulation and neural tube closure. Normal expression of anterior and hindbrain markers is observed; however, paraxial mesodermal gene expression is ablated. This phenotype can be rescued by wild-type derrière and by VegT. Our findings indicate that derrière plays a crucial role in mesodermal patterning and development of posterior regions in Xenopus.
Resurrection Added: The Interpretatio Christiana of a Stoic Doctrine (1983)

RESURRECTION ADDED: THE INTERPRETATIO CHRISTIANA OF A STOIC DOCTRINE BY JAAP MANSFELD 1. Hippolytus Von Arnim's scissors have cut up the chapter on the Stoics in Hip- polytus' doxography (Ref. I 21) into several pieces, distributed rather haphazardly over Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta II. In the present paper, I am concerned with the second part of this chapter, Ref. I 21, 3-5 = SYF II 807 + 598 + 469; pp. 25, 22-26, 9 of Wendland's edition of the Refutatio: In the first section, Hippolytus speaks of the Stoic doctrine of the soul. He states that the soul is a body
Role of IL-15 and IL-21 in viral immunity: applications for vaccines and therapies (2009)

Most people suffer from at least one viral infection in their life, some more virulent and aggressive than others. The aggressiveness and progression of viral diseases depends on the type of virus and quality of antiviral response generated during innate immunity and maintained during adaptive immunity. Two recently discovered cytokines (IL-15 and IL-21) appear to be key regulators in this process. IL-15 induces an antiviral state during innate immunity through the regulation of IFN-alpha/beta production and natural killer cell proliferation. During the memory phase, antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells are highly dependent on IL-15 signaling. IL-21 induces natural killer cell maturation and IFN-gamma production and acts to enhance the proliferation of memory CD8(+) T cells, its effects being more pronounced when combined with IL-15. We describe the mechanisms and potential uses of these cytokines in the design of antiviral vaccines and therapies.
Markers of T Cell Infiltration and Function Associate with Favorable Outcome in Vascularized High-Grade Serous Ovarian Carcinoma (2013)

Overall, this data provides a rationale for developing strategies aimed at improving the adaptability and function of TIL to hypoxic tumor conditions.
Replication and Recombination of Herpes Simplex Virus DNA (2011)

Replication of herpes simplex virus takes place in the cell nucleus and is carried out by a replisome composed of six viral proteins: the UL30-UL42 DNA polymerase, the UL5-UL8-UL52 helicase-primase, and the UL29 single-stranded DNA-binding protein ICP8. The replisome is loaded on origins of replication by the UL9 initiator origin-binding protein. Virus replication is intimately coupled to recombination and repair, often performed by cellular proteins. Here, we review new significant developments: the three-dimensional structures for the DNA polymerase, the polymerase accessory factor, and the single-stranded DNA-binding protein; the reconstitution of a functional replisome in vitro; the elucidation of the mechanism for activation of origins of DNA replication; the identification of cellular proteins actively involved in or responding to viral DNA replication; and the elucidation of requirements for formation of replication foci in the nucleus and effects on protein localization.
Perspectives on Applications of Variable Valve Timing (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">While Variable Valve Timing (VVT) holds the potential to alleviate some of the compromises normally associated with engine operation over broad speed and load ranges, generalizing its benefits in a quantitative manner is difficult. Details of base engine design and the means of VVT execution and engine duty cycle play major roles in determining the outcome of such an application.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With the profusion of VVT means available, the matter of selecting an appropriate system for a given engine and duty cycle is difficult particularly when there is a host of competing features and technologies.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">This treatment of VVT is based on assessments of compromises associated with static valve timing and provides a framework for considering VVT as an engine performance option. Extensive use is made of pressure and geometric data, and several generalizations are made relative to strategies for incorporating common VVT systems.</div>
pH-Controlled Hydrogen Sulfide Release for Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2016)

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a critical signaling molecule that regulates many physiological and/or pathological processes. Modulation of H2S levels could have potential therapeutic value. In this work, we report the rational design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a class of phosphonamidothioate-based H2S-releasing agents (i.e., H2S donors). A novel pH-dependent intramolecular cyclization was employed to promote H2S release from the donors. These water-soluble compounds showed slow, controllable, and pH-sensitive production of H2S in aqueous solutions. The donors also showed significant cytoprotective effects in cellular models of oxidative damage. Most importantly, the donors were found to exhibit potent cardioprotective effects in an in vivo murine model of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (MI/R) injury through a H2S-related mechanism.
A New Population of Human Adult Dental Pulp Stem Cells: A Useful Source of Living Autologous Fibrous Bone Tissue (LAB) (2005)

A new c-kit+/CD34+/CD45- cell population of stromal bone producing cells (SBP/DPSCs) has been selected by FACSorting, expanded, and cultured. These SBP/DPSCs are highly clonogenic and, in culture, differentiate into osteoblast precursors (CD44+/RUNX-2+), still capable of self-renewing, and in osteoblasts, producing, in vitro, a living autologous fibrous bone (LAB) tissue. This new-formed tissue is markedly positive for several antibodies for bone, including osteonectin, bone sialoprotein, osteocalcin, fibronectin, collagen III, and bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP). Cells producing LAB can be stored at -80 degrees C for a long period of time and are an extraordinary source of osteoblasts and mineralized fibrous bone tissue. In this study, we also showed that, in aged humans, stem cells can be detected from their pulps. The produced LAB is a fibrous bone tissue resembling the human bone during mineralization, with an external layer formed by osteoblasts markedly positive for osteocalcin. This newly formed tissue constitute an ideal source of osteoblasts and mineralized tissue for bone regeneration. In fact, after in vivo transplantation into immunocompromised rats, LAB formed lamellar bone containing osteocytes.
On the Effects of Dispositional and Situational Variables on the Motivation of Industrial Buyers (1996)

Using survey data from a sample of fleet purchasing managers, we explore the motivational process of industrial buyers. The results reveal direct and indirect links between self-esteem and both extrinsic and intrinsic motivation. The indirect effects of self-esteem on motivation come through industrial buyer responsiveness to leader behavior and formal authority. We explore the implications of integrating dispositional and situational factors in a single model of industrial buyer motivation, both for marketers who seek to better understand their customers and for purchasing managers.
Human Airway Epithelial Cell Responses to <i>Neisseria lactamica</i> and Purified Porin via Toll-Like Receptor 2-Dependent Signaling (2010)

The human airway epithelium is constantly exposed to microbial products from colonizing organisms. Regulation of Toll-like receptor (TLR) expression and specific interactions with bacterial ligands is thought to mitigate exacerbation of inflammatory processes induced by the commensal flora in these cells. The genus Neisseria comprises pathogenic and commensal organisms that colonize the human nasopharynx. Neisseria lactamica is not associated with disease, but N. meningitidis occasionally invades the host, causing meningococcal disease and septicemia. Upon colonization of the airway epithelium, specific host cell receptors interact with numerous Neisseria components, including the PorB porin, at the immediate bacterial-host cell interface. This major outer membrane protein is expressed by all Neisseria strains, regardless of pathogenicity, but its amino acid sequence varies among strains, particularly in the surface-exposed regions. The interaction of Neisseria PorB with TLR2 is essential for driving TLR2/TLR1-dependent cellular responses and is thought to occur via the porin's surface-exposed loop regions. Our studies show that N. lactamica PorB is a TLR2 ligand but its binding specificity for TLR2 is different from that of meningococcal PorB. Furthermore, N. lactamica PorB is a poor inducer of proinflammatory mediators and of TLR2 expression in human airway epithelial cells. These effects are reproduced by whole N. lactamica organisms. Since the responsiveness of human airway epithelial cells to colonizing bacteria is in part regulated via TLR2 expression and signaling, commensal organisms such as N. lactamica would benefit from expressing a product that induces low TLR2-dependent local inflammation, likely delaying or avoiding clearance by the host.
Semiconductor Electrodes: XXI . The Characterization and Behavior of n‐Type Electrodes in Acetonitrile Solutions (1979)

The electrochemical behavior of Pb‐doped single crystal, Ti‐doped polycrystalline compacts, and chemical vapor deposited films of was investigated in acetonitrile solutions. Details of the surface electronic band structure were obtained from capacitance and photo‐excitation techniques and by comparing the cyclic voltammograms of various electroactive species of known standard potential to the Nernstian response at a Pt disk electrode. There is evidence that surface electronic states capable of mediating electron transfer exist at ∼0.9 eV and ∼1.8 eV negative of conduction bandedge. Results are interpreted in terms of a narrow conduction band of width dependent on the dopant level.
Effect of the Variety of Barley and Pearling Rate on the Quality of Shochu Koji (2005)

In liquor production, barley koji is used a source of saccharification enzymes, nutrition for yeast multiplication, and to impart flavor to the shochu product. Its role is analogous to that of malt in beer and whisky production. In this report, the influence of barley variety and pearling rate on barley koji characteristics is shown. Four Australian varieties (Stirling, Schooner, Arapiles, Grimmett) and one Japanese variety (Nishinohoshi) were evaluated. Significant differences were observed among barley varieties and pearling rate with respect to the amount of koji mycelia produced, enzyme activity and the amino acid composition of the barley koji.
Biochemical and In Vivo Properties of High Purity Factor IX Concentrates (1993)

The purified factor IX concentrates Nanotiv (Kabi Pharmacia), Immunine (Immuno), Factor IX VHP (Bio-transfusion), Alphanine (Alpha) and Mononine (Armour) have been studied in vitro and compared with the prothrombin complex concentrates (PCCs) Preconativ (Kabi Pharmacia) and Prothromplex TIM4 (Immuno). The measured values for factor IX coagulant activity (IX:C) were in good agreement with the manufacturer's label values. In contrast to the PCCs, most of the purified concentrates were virtually devoid of other vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, the inhibitors protein C and S as well as fibrinogen, fibronectin and immunoglobulins. Indicators of thrombin generation, namely prothrombin fragments 1 and 2 (F 1 + 2) and thrombin-antithrombin complex (TAT), were present in varying amounts in all preparations. The specific activity in the purified concentrates exceeded that in the PCCs by a factor of 50-100. Some differences in purity were found between the purified concentrates. In vivo, Nanotiv was compared with Preconativ and Immunine with Prothromplex TIM4 in crossover studies in patients with severe hemophilia B, and Mononine was tested in a single drug study. Most of the preparations yielded postinfusion increases in TAT, but not in F 1 + 2. Pharmacokinetic variables were analyzed with non-linear curve-fitting combined with model-independent methods. In retrospective comparisons, there were no apparent differences between Nanotiv, Preconativ and Mononine, whereas in vivo recovery seemed lower and the apparent clearance higher for Immunine and Prothromplex. Purified factor IX concentrates were successfully used as cover for surgery or in immune tolerance induction.
WANalytics: Analytics for a geo-distributed data-intensive world (2015)

Large organizations today operate data centers around the globe where massive amounts of data are produced and consumed by local users. Despite their geographically diverse origin, such data must be analyzed/mined as a whole. We call the problem of supporting rich DAGs of computation across geographically distributed data Wide-Area Big-Data (WABD). To the best of our knowledge, WABD is not supported by currently deployed systems nor suciently studied in literature; it is addressed today by continuously copying raw data to a central location for analysis. We observe from production workloads that WABD is important for large organizations, and that centralized solutions incur substantial cross-data center network costs. We argue that these trends will only worsen as the gap between data volumes and transoceanic bandwidth widens. Further, emerging concerns over data sovereignty and privacy may trigger government regulations that can threaten the very viability of centralized solutions. To address WABD we propose WANalytics, a system that pushes computation to edge data centers, automatically optimizing workow execution plans and replicating data when needed. Our Hadoop-based prototype delivers 257 reduction in WAN bandwidth on a production workload from Microsoft. We round out our evaluation by also demonstrating substantial gains for three standard benchmarks: TPC-CH, Berkeley Big Data, and BigBench.
Ultra Low Voltage Level Shifters to Interface Sub and Super Threshold Reconfigurable Logic Cells (2008)

Ultra-low power consumption often comes at the price of reduced performance for energy conscious electronics - particularly reconfigurable circuits. Operating devices at ultra-low voltage levels provides the lowest energy per operation, but can penalize the frequency of operation by several orders of magnitude. A more optimized approach is to segregate the logic based on performance requirements and use multiple voltage levels to supply separate voltage islands in an integrated circuit. The concept can be extended such that the low performance circuits can be supplied with a voltage below the threshold voltage of the transistor (i.e. subthreshold logic), however no analysis has been completed to date with regards to the performance and operation of the level shifters required for communication between voltage islands of such disparate levels. This paper compares a variety of existing level shifters as well as several proposed level shifters in the context of up-converting subthreshold signals to superthreshold levels.
Reliable and Deterministic Mobile Communications for Industry 4.0: Key Challenges and Solutions for the Integration of the 3GPP 5G System with IEEE (2019)

The digitization of industrial automation processes calls for flexible, adaptable, and scalable communication solutions in order to enable the vision of a truly cyber-physical system. In this context, IEEE Time Sensitive Networking (TSN), developed by the TSN task group of the IEEE 802.1 working group, receives particular interest as it defines mechanisms for the time-sensitive (i.e., deterministic) transmission of data over Ethernet networks. In order to enable novel use cases and further improve the efficiency of industrial automation, mobile communication solutions are needed. Here, the time-sensitive communications (TSC) service in 3GPP Release 16 aims to support applications requiring deterministic or isochronous communication with high reliability and availability, such as IEEE TSN and IETF DetNet, over 5G mobile networks. This paper briefly depicts the favorable deployment scenarios for an integrated 5G/TSN system in Industry 4.0 environments. It further describes the requirements in integrating a 5G system (5GS) with an IEEE TSN system and depicts the 3GPP integrated system architecture, which foresees to present the 5GS to the TSN system like any other TSN-aware bridge. Subsequently, the focus of this paper lies on presenting remaining challenges as well as solutions to a subset of these challenges, particularly focusing on radio access, core, and network management aspects as well as QoS mapping framework.
A novel high performance adaptive delta modulator (2003)

Adaptive delta modulation technique offers a data compression for the transmitted signal as it spends just one bit for transmitting a sampled data. Although the conventional adaptive delta modulation reduces the slope overload error to an extent it is still not sufficient to meet the requirements of certain types of signals where there are frequent steep transitions. Furthermore, the conventional adaptive delta modulators have complex structure and hardware that all cost effective modems could not afford to incorporate the technique efficiently. This paper proposes a novel adaptive delta modem which is quite fast in catching the transitions and has a simplified hardware for its implementation. This yields high adaptive efficiency and is suited for many systems.
Reconstruction-Free Action Inference from Compressive Imagers (2015)

Persistent surveillance from camera networks, such as at parking lots, UAVs, etc., often results in large amounts of video data, resulting in significant challenges for inference in terms of storage, communication and computation. Compressive cameras have emerged as a potential solution to deal with the data deluge issues in such applications. However, inference tasks such as action recognition require high quality features which implies reconstructing the original video data. Much work in compressive sensing (CS) theory is geared towards solving the reconstruction problem, where state-of-the-art methods are computationally intensive and provide low-quality results at high compression rates. Thus, reconstruction-free methods for inference are much desired. In this paper, we propose reconstruction-free methods for action recognition from compressive cameras at high compression ratios of 100 and above. Recognizing actions directly from CS measurements requires features which are mostly nonlinear and thus not easily applicable. This leads us to search for such properties that are preserved in compressive measurements. To this end, we propose the use of spatio-temporal smashed filters, which are compressive domain versions of pixel-domain matched filters. We conduct experiments on publicly available databases and show that one can obtain recognition rates that are comparable to the oracle method in uncompressed setup, even for high compression ratios.
A negative modulatory role for rho and rho-associated kinase signaling in delamination of neural crest cells (2008)

Rho-GTPases, through Rock, act downstream of BMP and of G1/S transition to negatively regulate crest delamination by modifying cytoskeleton assembly and intercellular adhesion.
A Machine Learning Approach for Radar Based Height Estimation (2018)

This work proposes a new radar-based height estimation approach using machine learning. The approach takes advantage of multipath propagation of radar waves to produce robust features. A random forest regressor is trained using the obtained features for extended objects height estimation. First, data of extended targets with various heights located at different positions is recorded. Subsequently, range, angle, amplitude and phase information is processed using the Fourier based high resolution spectral estimation method RELAX. The processed information is then used to generate features based on a multipath target height equation which assumes the Line of Sight (LOS) and (Non Line of Sight) NLOS peaks are known. Finally acquired height estimation results from a trained random forest regressor are presented and discussed. The results show that the proposed method is capable of predicting target heights with high accuracy, without requiring the LOS and NLOS peaks to be known.
Visual Scoping of Private Information Displayed on Shared Tabletop Surfaces (2010)

Informations sharing in meetings or conference calls are often done by displaying the information on a shared display, e.g. a projected or shared display, or a shared surface as a table. The amount of information on the shared surface may increase, and the clutter makes the relevant information hidden or hard to find. One challenge for current systems is to filter out the information without interest. Another challenge is adding information. For most current system, as information is added, it distracts the other participants as parts of the display is obstructed, or activity elsewhere on the display draws undesired activity. In this paper, we describe a novel system that fixes these challenges by filtering out unwanted information, or superimposing information that should not be displayed to everyone on a private display, thus providing a useful way of only working with the information of interest.
Measurement of stresses in optical fiber and preform (1982)

A method of measuring the stresses, residual or applied, in an optical fiber or preform is presented. It is shown that the stress profiles can be obtained from the Abel transform of the derivative of the retardation. The axial stress profile is shown to bear the same shape as the refractive-index profile. Measurement results indicate that the applied tension during the fiber drawing process is frozen into the fiber, consequently affecting the intrinsic strength of the fiber. The method of estimating the fiber drawing tension from the fiber stress profile is also given.