gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In vitro</i> site-specific integration of bacteriophage DNA catalyzed by a recombinase of the resolvase/invertase family (1998)

The genome of the broad host range Streptomyces temperate phage, phiC31, is known to integrate into the host chromosome via an enzyme that is a member of the resolvase/invertase family of site-specific recombinases. The recombination properties of this novel integrase on the phage and Streptomyces ambofaciens attachment sites, attP and attB, respectively, were investigated in the heterologous host, Escherichia coli, and in an in vitro assay by using purified integrase. The products of attP/B recombination, i.e., attL and attR, were identical to those obtained after integration of the prophage in S. ambofaciens. In the in vitro assay only buffer, purified integrase, and DNAs encoding attP and attB were required. Recombination occurred irrespective of whether the substrates were supercoiled or linear. A mutant integrase containing an S12F mutation was completely defective in recombination both in E. coli and in vitro. No recombination was observed between attB/attB, attP/attP, attL/R, or any combination of attB or attP with attL or attR, suggesting that excision of the prophage (attL/R recombination) requires an additional phage- or Streptomyces-encoded factor. Recombination could occur intramolecularly to cause deletion between appropriately orientated attP and attB sites. The results show that directionality in phiC31 integrase is strictly controlled by nonidentical recombination sites with no requirement to form the topologically defined structures that are more typical of the resolvases/invertases.
Pulsatile insulin secretion accounts for 70% of total insulin secretion during fasting (1995)

The purpose of the present study was to determine the contributions of discrete insulin secretory bursts vs. basal insulin release to total insulin secretion in vivo. Quantification of the partitioning of pulsatile and basal insulin secretion is complicated by physiological delivery of these pulses into the portal vein and the absence of validated methods of measuring the rates of pulsatile and basal insulin secretion in vivo. We therefore 1) developed a canine model with chronically implanted portal vein catheters, 2) validated an established deconvolution technique as well as a novel direct catheterization technique (Clustcath) for measurement of pulsatile and nonpulsatile insulin secretion rates in this model, and 3) applied these methods to study insulin secretion in the overnight-fasted dog in vivo to determine the contribution of pulsatile vs. basal insulin secretion to total rates of endogenous insulin secretion. Rates of total, pulsatile, and nonpulsatile endogenous insulin secretion measured by Cluscath closely parallel those measured by deconvolution analysis (54 +/- 15 vs. 51 +/- 11, 38 +/- 12 vs. 36 +/- 11, and 16 +/- 4 vs. 14 +/- 4 pmol/min, respectively). Clustcath and deconvolution indicated that the majority of insulin was secreted as pulses (70 +/- 6 and 66 +/- 7%, respectively). These data infer that any process that selectively decreases the pulsatile component of insulin secretion (e.g., diabetes mellitus) will likely have a major impact on total insulin secretion.
Inhibition of DYRK1A Stimulates Human β-Cell Proliferation (2016)

Restoring functional β-cell mass is an important therapeutic goal for both type 1 and type 2 diabetes (1). While proliferation of existing β-cells is the primary means of β-cell replacement in rodents (2), it is unclear whether a similar principle applies to humans, as human β-cells are remarkably resistant to stimulation of division (3,4). Here, we show that 5-iodotubercidin (5-IT), an annotated adenosine kinase inhibitor previously reported to increase proliferation in rodent and porcine islets (5), strongly and selectively increases human β-cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo. Remarkably, 5-IT also increased glucose-dependent insulin secretion after prolonged treatment. Kinome profiling revealed 5-IT to be a potent and selective inhibitor of the dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase (DYRK) and cell division cycle-like kinase families. Induction of β-cell proliferation by either 5-IT or harmine, another natural product DYRK1A inhibitor, was suppressed by coincubation with the calcineurin inhibitor FK506, suggesting involvement of DYRK1A and nuclear factor of activated T cells signaling. Gene expression profiling in whole islets treated with 5-IT revealed induction of proliferation- and cell cycle-related genes, suggesting that true proliferation is induced by 5-IT. Furthermore, 5-IT promotes β-cell proliferation in human islets grafted under the kidney capsule of NOD-scid IL2Rg(null) mice. These results point to inhibition of DYRK1A as a therapeutic strategy to increase human β-cell proliferation.
Magnetism and structure of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Li</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Co</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>and comparison to<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Na</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Co</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2008)

The magnetic properties and structure of ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ for $0.5<x<1.0$ are reported. ${\mathrm{Co}}^{4+}$ is found to be high spin in ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ for $0.94\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}1.00$ and low spin for $0.50\ensuremath{\leqslant}x\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.78$. Weak antiferromagnetic coupling is observed, and at $x\ensuremath{\approx}0.65$ the temperature-independent contribution to the magnetic susceptibility and the electronic contribution to the specific heat are largest. Neutron diffraction analysis reveals that the lithium oxide layer expands perpendicular to the basal plane and the Li ions displace from their ideal octahedral sites with decreasing $x$. Comparison of the structures of ${\mathrm{Na}}_{x}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ and ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ reveals that the $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ layer changes substantially with alkali content in the former but is relatively rigid in the latter, and that the $\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{6}$ octahedra in ${\mathrm{Li}}_{x}\mathrm{Co}{\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ are less distorted.
System design for passive human detection using principal components of the signal strength space (2013)

In this article, device-free human presence detection method based on principal components analysis of the radio signal strength variations is proposed. The method increases user awareness for automated power management interaction in residential power saving systems. Motivation comes from a need for decreasing the installation complexity and development costs induced by the integration of specific human presence detection sensors. The method exploits the fact that a human body interferes with radio signals by introducing irregularities in the radio signature which indicate possible human presence. By analyzing radio signals between radio transceivers embedded in 2.4 GHz wireless power outlets, the original environment is not visually modified and a certain level of sensorial intelligence is introduced without additional sensors. The analysis of the signal strength variations in principal components space enhances the detection accuracy level of human presence detection method, retaining low installation costs and improving overall energy conservation.
Tackling the Transition: A Multi-Mode Combustion Model of SI and HCCI for Mode Transition Control (2004)

Homogeneous charge compression ignition (HCCI) offers a promising way to improve efficiency and emissions. However, when HCCI is induced by reinducting exhaust gases, less power is produced. A possible solution is to couple HCCI with spark ignition (SI) operation at higher loads. This requires a way to smoothly switch between combustion modes. The authors present a multi-cycle, multi-mode combustion model to aid in understanding and controlling the mode transition. The model captures early ignition and low work after a switch from SI to HCCI. Furthermore, the model reveals a need to coordinate intake and exhaust valve timing to correct the HCCI phase and work. To demonstrate the model, the paper concludes with an example trajectory that maintains constant work and ignition phasing after a switch from SI to HCCI.
Design of metamaterial superstrates and substrates for directivity and port isolation enhancement of a dual‐frequency dual‐polarization microstrip antenna (2006)

Abstract In this paper, we propose a novel design for enhancing the directivity and port isolation of a dual‐frequency dual‐polarization (DFDP) microstrip antenna by using metamaterial superstrates and substrates. To enhance the directivity of this without a complex feed network, we first design a strip‐mesh type of Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) type superstrate as a cover for a DFDP antenna, which supports two orthogonal polarizations at two different resonant frequencies. Next, a 2D anisotropic uniplanar compact bandgap type ground plane is introduced to enhance the isolation between the two ports of the DFDP antenna. It is demonstrated that the directivity at two frequency bands is enhanced by about 13 dB in the first band and by ∼12 dB at the second one, when compared with the patch antenna alone. Also, the isolation between the two ports is shown to be −35 dB, which is −15 dB lower than that of a conventional patch antenna. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 48: 1873–1876, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.21764
Broadcasting Via Internet (1999)

Abstract The sections in this article are Client–Server Architecture Unicast Versus Multicast Delivery Protocols: TCP/IP, UDP Encoding for Low‐Bit‐Rate Transmission Audiences, Future Trends
Magnetoencephalography with cryogen-free atomic magnetometers. (2013)

Abstract not provided.
Improved Identification of Potentially Dangerous Pigmented Skin Lesions by Computerized Image Analysis (2003)

The results of the present study indicate that computerized image analysis can improve the evaluation of pigmented skin lesions by identifying clinically unsuspicious, but potentially dangerous, lesions that might have otherwise have been neglected.
The DNA binding domains of the varicella-zoster virus gene 62 and herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP4 transactivator proteins heterodimerize and bind to DNA (1994)

The product of varicella-zoster virus gene 62 (VZV 140k) is the functional counterpart of the major transcriptional regulatory protein of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), ICP4. We have found that the purified bacterially expressed DNA binding domain of VZV 140k (residues 417-647) is a stable dimer in solution. As demonstrated by the appearance of a novel protein--DNA complex of intermediate mobility in gel retardation assays, following in vitro co-translation of a pair of differently sized VZV 140k DNA binding domain peptides, the 140k DNA binding domain peptide binds to DNA as a dimer. In addition, the DNA binding domain peptide of HSV-1 ICP4 readily heterodimerizes with the VZV 140k peptide on co-translation, indicating that HSV-1 ICP4 and VZV 140k possess very similar dimerization interfaces. It appears that only one fully wild type subunit of the dimer is sufficient to mediate sequence specific DNA recognition in certain circumstances. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis of mutant DNA binding domain peptides, co-translated with an epitope-tagged ICP4 DNA binding domain, shows that the sequence requirements for dimerization are lower than those necessary for DNA binding.
New all fiber laser (1987)

We describe a Nd3+-doped fiber laser which uses all-fiber reflectors to form the resonant cavity. The mirrors, each made using a loop of doped single-mode fiber between the output ports of a fused tapered coupler1 (Fig. 1), are used in series with a length of doped fiber to form a structure which resembles an all-fiber Fabry-Perot laser (Fig. 2). A continuous length of doped fiber may be used to make the device.
Integrity control in relational database systems: An overview (1991)

Grefen, P.W.P.J. and P.M.G. Apers, Integrity control in relational database systems- An overview, Data &amp;
DEVELOPMENT OF QUARTER WAVE RESONATORS (2007)

The accelerating structure for the superconducting linac booster for the 15 UD Pelletron at IUAC is a Nb QWR cavity, designed and fabricated as a joint collaboration between IUAC and ANL, USA. Initial cavities required for the first linac module were fabricated at ANL. For fabrication of cavities required for future modules a Superconducting Resonator Fabrication Facility has been set up at IUAC. Three quarter wave resonator (QWR) cavities have been fabricated and fifteen more resonators for the second and third linac modules are in advanced stage of completion. This facility has allowed us to undertake repairs on some of the resonators which sprung leaks. First experiment with the accelerated Si beam through the first linac module having eight resonators along with a superconducting solenoid have been conducted recently. The Quarter Wave resonator is a coaxial structure operating in the TEM mode with beam accelerating gaps in a direction perpendicular to the symmetry axis. The central conductor is shaped with two different diameters to reduce the effective length of the cavity by capacitive loading. This helps in reducing the frequency jitter and thus in the control of the cavity. The resonator is formed entirely of niobium and is closely jacketed in a vessel of stainless steel which contains the liquid helium. A small amount of niobium-stainless steel bonded composite material is used to provide welding transitions where beam and coupling ports penetrate the stainless steel jacket. A novel pneumatic slow tuner in the form of a niobium bellow provides a tuning range of approximately 100 kHz, substantially larger than in any working quarter wave resonators. A picture of completed QWR along with the Nb slow tuner bellows is given in figure 1.
Identification and characterization of a cyanate permease in Escherichia coli K-12 (1989)

Escherichia coli contains an inducible enzyme, cyanase, that catalyzes the decomposition of cyanate into ammonia and bicarbonate. The gene encoding cyanase, cynS, was cloned and found to be on a DNA fragment that contained the lac operon. Characterization of a plasmid encoding cyanase indicated that a 26-kilodalton (kDa) protein of unknown function was also induced by cyanate (Y-C. Sung, D. Parsell, P.M. Anderson, and J.A. Fuchs, J. Bacteriol. 169:2639-2642, 1987). The gene encoding the 26-kDa protein was located between cynS and its promoter, indicating the existence of a cyn operon. The 26-kDa protein was identified as a cyanate permease that transports exogenous cyanate by active transport. E. coli was shown to contain a cyanate transport system that is energy dependent and saturable by cyanate.
A Hysteresis Model for Antiferroelectric SmC<sub>A</sub> <sup>*</sup> Phases (1991)

In this paper, we shall present a simple irreversible rotation model with a couple of polarization vectors to account for the hysteretic phenomena in SmC A * phases. From a numerical calculation, a double hysteresis curve was found in antiferroelectric SmC A * phase, whereas a single curve was found in the ferroelectric SmC * phase. Remarkably it is found that there exists a direct ferroelectric-ferroelectric transition under a sinusoidal electric field with a sufficiently large amplitude and high frequency in qualitative agreement with experimental findings.
γ-Secretase Cleavage and Nuclear Localization of ErbB-4 Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (2001)

ErbB-4 is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase that regulates cell proliferation and differentiation. After binding of its ligand heregulin (HRG) or activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA), the ErbB-4 ectodomain is cleaved by a metalloprotease. We now report a subsequent cleavage by gamma-secretase that releases the ErbB-4 intracellular domain from the membrane and facilitates its translocation to the nucleus. gamma-Secretase cleavage was prevented by chemical inhibitors or a dominant negative presenilin. Inhibition of gamma-secretase also prevented growth inhibition by HRG. gamma-Secretase cleavage of ErbB-4 may represent another mechanism for receptor tyrosine kinase-mediated signaling.
Noninvasive Assessment of UV‐induced Skin Damage: Comparison of Optical Measurements to Histology and MMP Expression (2009)

Abstract Acute exposure to UV radiation (UVR) causes visible skin damage such as erythema and results in local and systemic immunosuppression while chronic exposure can result in photocarcinogenesis. These deleterious effects can be quantified by histology and by bioassays of key biological markers, including matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), or tryptophan moieties. We now report our results in quantifying UV skin damage with noninvasive optical methods based on reflectance and fluorescence spectroscopy and compare these noninvasive measurements to histopathology and MMP‐13 expression. A solar simulator with spectral output nearly identical to that of solar radiation was developed and used in our experiments. SKH1 hairless mice were exposed to solar‐simulated UVR at a total dose of 21 MED delivered over 10 weeks. Changes in oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin were measured by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, and tryptophan changes were monitored via a fluorescence monitor. Our results show that there is an increase in erythema, skin fluorescence, sunburn cells and MMP‐13 after a series of suberythemal doses of UV irradiation on a hairless mouse animal model. Increased skin fluorescence is observed with increasing UV exposure. The levels of MMP‐13 increase as the cumulative UV dose increases but their increase does not correspond to noninvasively measured changes.
Lifetime cost-effectiveness analysis of ticagrelor in patients with acute coronary syndromes based on the PLATO trial: a Singapore healthcare perspective (2013)

Based on PLATO trial data, one-year treatment with ticagrelor versus generic clopidogrel in patients with ACS, relative to WHO reference standards, is cost-effective from a Singapore public healthcare perspective.
Fabrication of a microbial carbon dioxide sensor using semiconductor fabrication techniques (1989)

Abstract A disposable bacterial CO 2 sensor has been fabricated using semiconductor techniques by immobilizing autotrophic bacteria on the sensitive area of a miniature Clark‐type oxygen electrode and covering them with another gas‐permeable membrane consisting of a negative photoresist formed directly on the gel. The response time of the CO 2 sensor was 2 to 3 minutes. A linear relationship for the NaHCO 3 concentration was obtained between 0.5 and 3.5 mM at 30°C and pH 5.5. The CO 2 sensor can be used up to 10 times.
Lactate-utilizing community is associated with gut microbiota dysbiosis in colicky infants (2017)

The aetiology of colic, a functional gastrointestinal disorder in infants, is not yet resolved. Different mechanisms have been suggested involving the gut microbiota and intermediate metabolites such as lactate. Lactate can be metabolized by lactate-utilizing bacteria (LUB) to form different end-products. Using a functional approach, we hypothesized that H<sub>2</sub> production and accumulation by LUB is associated with the development of colic. The LUB communities in the feces of forty infants, including eight colicky infants, were characterized using a combination of culture- and molecular-based methods, and metabolite concentrations were measured by HPLC. Interactions among LUB strains isolated from feces were investigated with pure and mixed cultures using anaerobic techniques. We emphasized high prevalence of crying, flatulence, colic and positive correlations thereof in the first 3 months of life. Crying infants showed significantly higher ratio of LUB non-sulfate-reducing bacteria (LUB non-SRB) (H<sub>2</sub>-producer), to LUB SRB (H<sub>2</sub>-utilizer) at 3 months. Colicky infants had significantly higher number of H<sub>2</sub>-producing Eubacterium hallii at 2 weeks compared to non-colicky infants. We revealed the function of Desulfovibrio piger and Eubacterium limosum to reduce H<sub>2</sub> accumulation in co-cultures with H<sub>2</sub>-producing Veillonella ratti. Our data suggest that the balance between H<sub>2</sub>-producing and H<sub>2</sub>-utilizing LUB might contribute to colic symptoms.
Speech Driven Face Animation Based on Dynamic Concatenation Model (2006)

Abstract. In the paper, we design and develop a speech driven face animation system based on the dynamic concatenation model. The face animation is synthesized by the unit concatenating, and synchronous with the real speech. The units are selected according to the cost functions which correspond to voice spectrum distance between training and target units. Visual distance between two adjacent training units is also used to get better mapping results. Finally, the Viterbi method is used to find out the best face animation sequence. The experimental results show that synthesized lip movement has a good and natural quality. 1
Abdominal Surgery (1950)

THE great volume of literature devoted to abdominal surgery continues unabated, and it is therefore possible, in this brief survey, to include only the salient features of articles that are of great importance or of wide interest. During the past year, surgeons generally have been concerned with more accurate appraisal of the value of established procedures rather than the introduction of new operations. Of particular interest, in this respect, are the management of acute massive gastrointestinal hemorrhage, the treatment of the various lesions of the pancreas and the surgical therapy of polyps and cancer of the colon and rectum. These . . .
Towards non-cooperative iris recognition systems (2004)

Iris Technology has been successfully applied to person verification and identification. However, all commercial products require user cooperation for iris image capture. This paper examines the new challenges of iris recognition when extended to less cooperative situations. With the current stress on security and surveillance, this has been an important consideration. First, a summary of research findings of the past decade on iris recognition is described Then we identified new challenges that will be encountered when extending these methods to less cooperative situations. The difficulties are great and this paper describes some initial work into this area. One difficulty studied is the loss of iris details captured. We propose a modified Kolmogorov complexity measure based on maximum Shannon entropy of wavelet packet reconstruction to quantify the iris information. Real-time eye-corner tracking, iris segmentation and feature extraction algorithms are implemented. Video images of the iris are captured by an ordinary CCD camera with a zoom lens. Experiments are performed and the performances and analysis of iris code method and correlation method are described. Several useful findings were reached albeit from a small database. The iris codes were found to contain almost all the discriminating information. Our correlation approach coupled with nearest neighbour classification outperforms the conventional thresholding method for iris recognition with degraded images.