gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrochemical scaffold generates localized, low concentration of hydrogen peroxide that inhibits bacterial pathogens and biofilms (2015)

We hypothesized that low concentrations of H2O2 could be generated through the electrochemical conversion of oxygen by applying an electric potential to a conductive scaffold and produce a low, but constant, concentration of H2O2 that would be sufficient to destroy biofilms. To test our hypothesis we used a multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strain, because this species is often implicated in difficult-to-treat biofilm infections. We used conductive carbon fabric as the scaffold material ("e-scaffold"). In vitro experiments demonstrated the production of a maximum constant concentration of ~25 μM H2O2 near the e-scaffold surface. An e-scaffold was overlaid onto an existing A. baumannii biofilm, and within 24 h there was a ~4-log reduction in viable bacteria with an ~80% decrease in biofilm surface coverage. A similar procedure was used to overlay an e-scaffold onto an existing A. baumannii biofilm that was grown on a porcine explant. After 24 h, there was a ~3-log reduction in viable bacteria from the infected porcine explants with no observable damage to the underlying mammalian tissue based on a viability assay and histology. This research establishes a novel foundation for an alternative antibiotic-free wound dressing to eliminate biofilms.
Nonpeptidic αvβ3 Integrin Antagonist Libraries: On-Bead Screening and Mass Spectrometric Identification without Tagging (2001)

Libraries of low molecular weight aza-RGD mimetics were synthesized according to the split method and evaluated by on-bead screening with a soluble integrine receptor. No coding was required because the biologically active mimetics could be identified using MSn after photochemical cleavage from the stained beads (see picture). New αvβ3 antagonists were found by this approach.
Polymerization and Copolymerizations of Sodium Vinyl Sulfonate (1966)

スルホン酸基を含む水溶性高分子の合成と応用を目的として,ビニルスルホン酸ナトリウムの重合性,ならびに各種ビニル単量体およびマレイン酸ナトリウムとの共重合性を検討した。反応溶媒としては水または水/メタノール系を選び,過硫酸アンモニウムまたは過酸化水素を用いて重合した。ビニルスルホン酸ナトリウムの単独重合では,高分子量の重合体が得られにくいが,アクリルアミド,アクリル酸またはメタクリル酸のように,高分子量の重合体が得られやすい単量体と共重合することによって,高分子量の共重合体が得られた。その反対にN-ビニルピロリドン,アクリル酸ナトリウム,酢酸ビニルなど比較的低分子量の重合体が得られやすい単量体と共重合すると,低分子量の共重合体が得られた。またアクリロニトリル,マレイン酸ナトリウムとも共重合するが重合収率がわるい。一般に,ビニルスルホン酸ナトリウムの仕込モル分率が増大するほど,得られた共重合体の分子量は低下する。また共重合性はQがビニルスルホン酸ナトリウムの値(Q=0.048)に近く,しかも極性因子(e)もビニルスルホン酸ナトリウムの値(e=0.51)と差の大きい単量体ほど良好である。
The Gene Expression Index c- <i>myc</i> × E2F-1/p21 Is Highly Predictive of Malignant Phenotype in Human Bronchial Epithelial Cells (1998)

Recent methodological developments allow expression measurement of many genes simultaneously, thereby revealing patterns of gene expression that can be related to phenotype. We hypothesized that through the use of such methods we could identify patterns of gene expression associated with the malignant phenotype in human bronchial epithelial cells (BEC). To test this hypothesis, a recently developed quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction method was used to assess simultaneously expression of 15 genes mechanistically associated with cell-cycle control (c-myc, E2F-1, p21, rb, PCNA, cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cyclin E, cdc2, CDK2, CDK4, mad, max p21, max p22, and p53) in normal cell cultures from five individuals and in nine different malignant BEC lines. Relative to the mean expression levels in cultured normal cell populations, expression of c-myc, E2F-1, PCNA, cyclin E, and CDK4 messenger RNA (mRNA) were significantly increased and expression of p21 and p53 mRNA were significantly decreased in one or two, but not all three subtypes (squamous, adenocarcinoma and small cell) of carcinoma cell lines evaluated. No single cell-cycle control gene discriminated all three subtypes from normal cell populations. In contrast, the gene expression index c-myc x E2F-1/p21 separated all carcinoma cell lines from all normal cell populations initially evaluated. This malignancy index was validated in an additional three cultured normal BEC and three carcinoma cell lines, as well as three pairs of matched primary normal bronchial epithelial and primary bronchogenic carcinoma samples, and three pairs of matched primary normal lung parenchyma and primary bronchogenic carcinoma tissue. Again, the c-myc x E2F-1/ p21 index successfully discriminated all cultured and primary normal from malignant samples and thereby had a predictive value of 1 (no false positives and no false negatives). We hypothesize that because of functional mutations in cell-cycle regulatory genes (e.g., p53 and/or rb), cells lose the ability to maintain a pattern of gene expression mechanistically associated with normal, division-limited homeostatic equilibrium. Because the c-myc x E2F-1/p21 gene expression index has high specificity for malignant tissue, it will allow confirmation that there is a significant amount of tumor tissue present in small (e.g., fine-needle) biopsy specimens prior to evaluating them for expression of other genes, such as those involved in chemoresistance or radioresistance. In addition, the goal of most gene therapy efforts is to alter levels of gene expression quantitatively. This index and others derived in a similar manner may better define potential gene therapy targets as well as response of targeted genes to therapy.
PET Imaging of Epigenetic Influences on Alzheimer’s Disease (2015)

The precise role of environment-gene interactions (epigenetics) in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is unclear. This review focuses on the premise that radiotracer-specific PET imaging allows clinicians to visualize epigenetically influenced events and that such imaging may provide new, valuable insights for preventing, diagnosing, and treating AD. Current understanding of the role of epigenetics in AD and the principles underlying the use of PET radiotracers for in vivo diagnosis are reviewed. The relative efficacies of various PET radiotracers for visualizing the epigenetic influences on AD and their use for diagnosis are discussed. For example, [(18)F]FAHA demonstrates sites of differential HDAC activity, [(18)F]FDG indirectly illuminates sites of neuronal hypomethylation, and the carbon-11 isotope-containing Pittsburgh compound B ([(11)C]PiB) images amyloid-beta plaque deposits. A definitive AD diagnosis is currently achievable only by postmortem histological observation of amyloid-beta plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles. Therefore, reliable in vivo neuroimaging techniques could provide opportunities for early diagnosis and treatment of AD.
New Instruments for Biopsy (1975)

A new instrument has been designed to obtain cytologic material. It consists of a cannula, a thin screw needle and an instrument holder. The technique offers a more efficient sampling and better material than the simple needle aspiration technique.
Magnetic resonance microscopy of mouse embryos. (1994)

The increased use of the mouse as a model for various aspects of mammalian biology has caused a renewed interest in developing strategies for examining and comparing normal and abnormal mouse embryonic development and anatomy. In this study, we have explored the use of magnetic resonance microscopy as a tool for these purposes. Techniques for the fixation, embedding, perfusion, and image acquisition of mouse embryos are described. The perfusion of bovine serum albumin-diethylenetriamine pentaacetic anhydride-gadolinium as a contrast agent enhances images of the developing embryonic vasculature during critical stages of organogenesis and allows for comparisons when embryos have been treated with teratogens such as retinoic acid. The acquired three-dimensional data sets are available for archiving, distributing, and postacquisition manipulations such as computer segmentation of anatomical structures.
A Micro Hydrogen Air Fuel Cell (2005)

Abstract : The object of this project is to produce a microfabricated hydrogen-air fuel cell by combining microfabrication techniques, polymer electrolyte fuel cell technology, and metal hydride fuel storage. The result will be a device capable of providing on-board electrical power for microelectronic circuits, sensors, and actuators with energy storage and power delivery capabilities considerably greater than that of thin-film batteries. Integrated packages of fuel cells (up to three cells in series) and fuel storage/hydrogen generation have been successfully fabricated and tested. Each of the major milestones has been achieved and the fabrication yields and device performance have been improved. We have also been looking for insertion opportunities and partners with which to develop this technology. Recently, we have signed an agreement of collaboration with The Ash lawn Group, LLC, of Alexandria, VA to develop this technology to provide power for smart munitions.
L'ermita de Sant Lluís Bertran de Torrent (1985)

Late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) or sporadic AD is the most common form of AD. The precise pathogenetic changes that trigger the development of AD remain largely unknown. Large-scale genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms in multiple genes which are associated with AD; most notably, these are ABCA7, bridging integrator 1 (B1N1), triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), CD33, clusterin (CLU), complement receptor 1 (CRI), ephrin type-A receptor 1 (EPHA1), membrane-spanning 4-domains, subfamily A (MS4A) and phosphatidylinositol binding clathrin assembly protein (PICALM) genes. The proteins coded by the candidate genes participate in a variety of cellular processes such as oxidative balance, protein metabolism, cholesterol metabolism and synaptic function. This review summarizes the major gene loci affecting LOAD identified by large GWASs. Tentative mechanisms have also been elaborated in various studies by which the proteins coded by these genes may exert a role in AD pathogenesis have also been elaborated. The review suggests that these may together affect LOAD pathogenesis in a complementary fashion.
Chemical transformation of uronic acids leading to aminocyclitols. II. Synthesis of hexaacetyl-streptamine from N-acetyl-D-glucosamine. (1978)

By employing the oxidative decarboxylation reaction using lead tetraacetate and successive nitromethane cyclization reaction in the reaction sequence, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (11a) has been converted to hexaacetyl-streptamine (20a) in 8% overall yield. It has been also suggested that the present transformation would provide a versatile method for preparation of aminocyclitols from various types of uronic acids.
Insights on the Solubility of CO<sub>2</sub> in 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide from the Microscopic Point of View (2013)

Emissions of greenhouse gases due to human activities have been well documented as well as the effects on global warming resulting from it. Efforts to reduce greenhouse gases at the source are crucial to curb climate change, but due to insignificant economic incentives to reduce usage of fossil fuels, not a lot of progress has been made by this route. This necessitates additional measures to reduce the occurrence of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. Here we used theoretical methods to study the solubility of carbon dioxide in ionic liquids (ILs) since sequestration of CO2 in ILs has been proposed as a possible technology for reducing the emissions of CO2 to the atmosphere. Ionic liquids form a class of solvents with melting temperatures below 100 °C and, due to very low vapor pressures, which are not volatile. We have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (C2mim) bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (Tf2N) and its mixtures with carbon dioxide in order to investigate the CO2 concentration effect on the CO2-cation and CO2-anion interactions. A systematic investigation of CO2 concentration effects on resulting equilibrium liquid structure, and the local environment of the ions is provided. The Quantum Theory of Atoms in Molecules (QTAIM) was used to determine the interaction energy for CO2-cation and CO2-anion complexes from uncorrelated structures derived from MD simulations. A spatial distribution function analysis demonstrates the specific interactions between CO2 and the ionic liquid. Our findings indicate that the total volume of the system increases with the CO2 concentration, with a molar volume of CO2 of about 0.038 L/mol, corresponding to liquid CO2 under a pressure of 100 bar. In other words, the IL effectively pressurizes the CO2 inside its matrix. The thermodynamics of CO2 solvation in C2 min-Tf2N were computed using free energy techniques, and the solubility of CO2 is found to be higher in this IL (-3.7 ± 1 kcal/mol) than in water (+0.2 kJ/mol), predominantly due to anion-CO2 interactions.
Development and applications of the Veterans Health Administration’s Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation (STORM) to improve opioid safety and prevent overdose and suicide. (2017)

Concerns about opioid-related adverse events, including overdose, prompted the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) to launch an Opioid Safety Initiative and Overdose Education and Naloxone Distribution program. To mitigate risks associated with opioid prescribing, a holistic approach that takes into consideration both risk factors (e.g., dose, substance use disorders) and risk mitigation interventions (e.g., urine drug screening, psychosocial treatment) is needed. This article describes the Stratification Tool for Opioid Risk Mitigation (STORM), a tool developed in VHA that reflects this holistic approach and facilitates patient identification and monitoring. STORM prioritizes patients for review and intervention according to their modeled risk for overdose/suicide-related events and displays risk factors and risk mitigation interventions obtained from VHA electronic medical record (EMR)-data extracts. Patients' estimated risk is based on a predictive risk model developed using fiscal year 2010 (FY2010: 10/1/2009-9/30/2010) EMR-data extracts and mortality data among 1,135,601 VHA patients prescribed opioid analgesics to predict risk for an overdose/suicide-related event in FY2011 (2.1% experienced an event). Cross-validation was used to validate the model, with receiver operating characteristic curves for the training and test data sets performing well (>.80 area under the curve). The predictive risk model distinguished patients based on risk for overdose/suicide-related adverse events, allowing for identification of high-risk patients and enrichment of target populations of patients with greater safety concerns for proactive monitoring and application of risk mitigation interventions. Results suggest that clinical informatics can leverage EMR-extracted data to identify patients at-risk for overdose/suicide-related events and provide clinicians with actionable information to mitigate risk. (PsycINFO Database Record
Cloning and Identification of Amino Acid Residues of Human Phospholipase Cδ1 Essential for Catalysis (1995)

In vitro single point mutagenesis, inositol phospholipid hydrolysis, and substrate protection experiments were used to identify catalytic residues of human phosphatidylinositide-specific phospholipase C delta 1 (PLC delta 1) isolated from a human aorta cDNA library. Invariant amino acid residues containing a functional side chain in the highly conserved X region were changed by in vitro mutagenesis. Most of the mutant enzymes were still able to hydrolyze inositol phospholipid with activity ranging from 10 to 100% of levels in the wild type enzyme. Exceptions were mutants with the conversion of Arg338 to Leu (R338L), Glu341 to Gly (E341G), or His356 to Leu (H356L), which made the enzyme severely defective in hydrolyzing inositol phospholipid. Phospholipid vesicle binding experiments showed that these three cleavage-defective mutant forms of PLC delta 1 could specifically bind to phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) with an affinity similar to that of wild type enzyme. Western blotting analysis of trypsin-treated enzyme-PIP2 complexes revealed that a 67-kDa major protein fragment survived trypsin digestion if the wild type enzyme, E341G, or H356L mutant PLC delta 1 was preincubated with 7.5 microM PIP2, whereas if it was preincubated with 80 microM PIP2, the size of major protein surviving was comparable to that of intact enzyme. However, mutant enzyme R338L was not protected from trypsin degradation by PIP2 binding. These observations suggest that PLC delta 1 can recognize PIP2 through a high affinity and a low affinity binding site and that residues Glu341 and His356 are not involved in either high affinity or low affinity PIP2 binding but rather are essential for the Ca(2+)-dependent cleavage activity of PLC.
A high-speed programmable FIR digital filter using switching arrays (2002)

In this paper, we propose a programmable tap structure used in a programmable FIR digital filter for high-frequency communication system, which speed performance is comparable to the case of a non-programmable filter. A fully parallel bit-level pipelined transposed-form carry-save architecture using CSD coefficients was used to achieve high-sample rate FIR digital filter. For realization of programmable filter coefficients, two decoders and some registers were added, and these registered data controlled the shifting process of input data using switch arrays.
Interaction and Regulation of Macrophage Receptors (1986)

Macrophages express distinct plasma membrane receptors for different isotypes of immunoglobulin, bear at least two receptors for cleaved third complement component (CR1 and CR3) and have a lectin-like receptor that mediates endocytosis of glycoproteins or glycoconjugates with terminal mannose or fucose residues (MFR). Interferon-gamma, a macrophage-activating factor, induces effects common to other interferons as well as having unique effects on cell function. The down-regulation of MFR, induction of IgG2a Fc receptors and Class II antigens and enhanced production of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide can be considered interferon-gamma-specific effects on macrophages. Previous reports described synergism of various interferon preparations in anticellular and antiviral effects. However, interferon-alpha/beta can selectively antagonize the down-regulation of macrophage MFR by interferon-gamma. The macrophage MFR and CR3 also play a synergistic role in the uptake of zymosan and Leishmania donovani in the absence of serum. The receptors may act independently or in concert. Cleaved third complement components can be specifically eluted from zymosan particles in the absence of exogenous complement and are derived from the macrophages themselves. These studies indicate a role for macrophage complement in local opsonization of pathogens at extravascular sites and focus on the role of the tissue macrophage in first-line host defence.
A Simple Quick Acting Vacuum Lock (1941)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation L. A. Delsasso, E. C. Creutz; A Simple Quick Acting Vacuum Lock. Rev. Sci. Instrum. 1 September 1941; 12 (9): 450. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1769923 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioReview of Scientific Instruments Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A Wideband Array Antenna With 1-Bit Digital-Controllable Radiation Beams (2018)

In this paper, we propose a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> low-profile wideband patch array antenna with radiation pattern agility. The digital-controllable antenna element is composed of a square driven patch, a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$2\times 2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> parasitic patch array, and two switchable feeding ports, which are connected to a designed single-pole double-throw switch. Due to the symmetrical structure, individual excitation at the two feeding ports produces a 180° phase difference, giving rise to two basic digital elements of “0” and “1,” respectively. By switching the feeding ports for all antenna elements using a micro-controller unit, the radiation beam of the <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$4\times 4$ </tex-math></inline-formula> array antenna can be dynamically reconfigured. To validate the proposed concept, a prototype operating at 5.7 GHz with an overall size of <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$3.42\lambda _{0}\times 3.42\lambda _{0}\times 0.069\lambda _{0} (\lambda _{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> is the free-space wavelength at 5.7 GHz) was fabricated and measured. The measured 10-dB return loss bandwidths for all the states cover the frequency band of 5.12–6.32 GHz. The simulated and measured results show close agreement, which proves the powerful dynamical beam manipulation capability of the proposed array antenna.
Development of procedures for obtaining clean, low-defect-density Ge(100) surfaces (2001)

A repeatable, in situ process was developed for preparing clean, low-defect-density Ge(100) surfaces based on scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), Auger electron spectroscopy (AES), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) measurements. Surfaces prepared by ion sputtering followed by annealing, wet chemical etching followed by oxidation and thermal desorption of the oxide layer, growth of a Ge buffer layer, and in situ plasma cleaning were compared. The first two methods produced surfaces with no impurities detectable by AES, however, STM images of the surfaces revealed numerous protrusions, vacancies, and other defects. Auger electron spectra and STM images recorded before and after annealing C contaminated surfaces suggested that the protrusions were three-dimensional C clusters formed at elevated temperatures. The low surface to volume ratio of the clusters makes them difficult to detect by either XPS or AES. Although XPS indicated that oxygen plasma treatment effectively removes C from Ge surfaces, images of the plasma treated surfaces still showed the protrusions attributed to C. In contrast, surfaces prepared by Ge buffer layer growth followed by annealing exhibited no protrusions, low-defect densities on the terraces (less than 2% of a monolayer), and evenly spaced terraces that reflect the misorientation of the crystal. Thus, the surfaces prepared by Ge buffer layer growth were determined to be the most suitable for atomic level nucleation and growth studies.