gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photoredox Catalysis for Polymerization Reactions (2012)

Photoredox catalysis is now well-known in organic synthesis for the formation of free radicals under very soft irradiations conditions (e.g. sunlight, household fluorescence or LED bulbs, Xe lamp). This method has been introduced here to the polymer chemistry area to initiate ring opening polymerizations (ROP) or free radical polymerizations (FRP). The present paper will give an up-to date situation of the photocatalyst achievements in FRP and ROP.
Diurnal Cortisol Rhythm as a Predictor of Breast Cancer Survival (2000)

Patients with metastatic breast cancer whose diurnal cortisol rhythms were flattened or abnormal had earlier mortality. Suppression of NK cell count and NK function may be a mediator or a marker of more rapid disease progression.
Sparsity aware dynamic gesture recognition using radar sensors with angular diversity (2018)

In this study, two radar sensors with angular diversity are used to recognise dynamic hand gestures by analysing the sparse micro‐Doppler signatures. The radar echoes are firstly mapped into the time–frequency domain through the Gaussian‐windowed Fourier dictionary at each radar sensor. Then the sparse time–frequency features are extracted via the orthogonal matching pursuit algorithm. Finally, the sparse time–frequency features at two radar sensors are fused and input into the modified‐Hausdorff‐distance‐based nearest neighbour classifier to achieve the dynamic hand gesture recognition. The experimental results based on the measured data under three different experimental scenes demonstrate that (i) the recognition accuracy can be improved by fusing the features extracted at two radar sensors when each radar sensor works well on its own; (ii) the recognition accuracy produced by feature fusion keeps satisfactory even if one of the radar sensors has poor performance, which means that the feature fusion can improve the robustness of the recognition system; and (iii) it would be more helpful if the line‐of‐sights of the two radar sensors are set to be orthogonal to each other.
Title Pages (2001)

Extract DESIGNS DESIGNS for Science Literacy Project 206l American Association for the Advancement of Science Copyright © 2001 by American Association for the Advancement of Science First published in 2000 by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Project 2061 (American Association for the Advancement of Science) Designs for Science Literacy. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-19-513278-5 1. Science—Study and teaching—United States. 2. Mathematics—Study and teaching—United States. 3. Engineering—Study and teaching—United States. I. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Q183.3.A1D48 2000 507'.1'073—dc21 99-38299 CIP Designs on Disk contains Macromedia...
Malaria surveillance--United States, 2001. (2003)

Additional information was obtained concerning the 11 fatal cases and the two infections acquired in the United States. Persons traveling to a malarious area should take one of the recommended chemoprophylaxis regimens appropriate for the region of travel, and travelers should use personal protection measures to prevent mosquito bites. Any person who has been to a malarious area and who subsequently develops a fever or influenza-like symptoms should seek medical care immediately and report their travel history to the clinician; investigation should include a blood-film test for malaria. Malaria infections can be fatal if not diagnosed and treated promptly. Recommendations concerning malaria prevention can be obtained from CDC by calling the Malaria Hotline at 770-488-7788 or by accessing CDC's Internet site at http://www.cdc.gov/travel.
Analysis of Evolution and Optimization Design of WAP Wireless Protocols (2003)

WAP is de facto standard for development and application of Wireless Internet se rvices. In this paper, WAP Wireless Protocols in WAP1.x and WAP2.0 are compared, and a detailed analysis of optimization design of TCP in WAP2.0 is presented, e ither. In the end, a prospect of the future of WAP is given.
Peristaltic Pump Autosamplers for Solids Measurement in Stormwater Runoff (2009)

Regulatory agencies approve automatic samplers containing peristaltic pumps as a sample collection method for stormwater characterization and for treatment-device evaluation. Autosampler performance, as discussed in the limited available literature, can vary across the entire particle size range typically found in stormwater from different source areas and outfalls-reasonably consistent performance for particle sizes < 250 microm, but much less consistency for particles > 250 microm. Therefore, a series of experiments was undertaken to quantify the upper range of consistent particle capture that may occur with sampling stormwater suspended sediment and particulate-bound pollutants. These experiments, based on triplicate sampling at each experimental condition, found that peristaltic pump autosamplers commonly used in stormwater monitoring could not repeatedly and effectively capture particles > 250 microm from a simulated stormwater whose particles have a specific gravity of 2.65. It was expected that the effective size for autosamplers would be correspondingly larger for particles having smaller specific gravities. The height of the sampler had no influence on particle recovery up to a height of 2.5 m, with slightly decreasing recoveries of large particles occurring at greater heights, as a result of reduced sampler intake velocity. Therefore, to characterize the solids across the entire size range and specific gravities that may occur in stormwater runoff, autosamplers should be deployed in conjunction with bedload and floatables sampling.
Milieux criminels et pouvoir politique. Les ressorts illicites de l’État, J.-L. Briquet, G. Favarel-Garrigues (Eds.) (2011)

Cet ouvrage collectif, coordonné par Jean-Louis Briquet et Gilles Favarel‑Garrigues, est le fruit d’une longue réflexion entamée en 2001 et acquise au cours d’une série de séminaires organisée par les deux coordinateurs au Centre d’études et de recherches internationales (CERI‑FNSP) intitulée « Sociologie des entreprises criminelles ». L’objectif de cette série de séminaires était de comprendre les phénomènes criminels, leurs contextes historiques, géographiques et sociaux. L’ouvrage Milieux ...
Wonders of the Radio Telephone (1922)

Essay| April 01 1922 Wonders of the Radio Telephone William H. Easton William H. Easton Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Current History (1922) 16 (1): 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1922.16.1.26 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation William H. Easton; Wonders of the Radio Telephone. Current History 1 April 1922; 16 (1): 26–32. doi: https://doi.org/10.1525/curh.1922.16.1.26 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentCurrent History Search This content is only available via PDF. © 1922 by The Regents of the University of California1922 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Novel retransmission scheme for energy harvesting transmitter and receiver (2015)

We consider a point-to-point wireless link with automatic repeat request (ARQ) based packet transmission where both the transmitter and receiver nodes are energy harvesting (EHNs). Transmitter EHN has access to low-grade channel state information (CSI) as it is implicitly obtained from ARQ feedback. Furthermore, signal processing tasks such as sampling and decoding at the receiver EHN can be interrupted if there is insufficient energy in the battery that cause loss of packet and wastage of harvested energy both at the transmitter and receiver EHNs. We propose selective sampling (SS) scheme where only part of the transmitted packet is sampled and stored depending on the receiver nodes stored energy. SS information (SSI) is then fed back to the transmitter. Packet decoding is not performed until full packet is constructed. Hence, we modify the conventional ARQ messages, i.e., ACK/NAK by adding few more bits to carry additional SSI as well. Another objective is to find the optimal power allocation policy to adapt to the low-grade CSI and SSI available at the transmitter such that harvested energy can be utilized efficiently especially at the receiver. Furthermore, using a decision-theoretic framework, we propose greedy power allocation scheme to evaluate the performance of the proposed retransmission scheme. In numerical examples, we illustrate that our proposed scheme has lower average packet transmission time and packet drop probability (PDP) compared to the equal power allocation and greedy power allocation with conventional retransmission scheme.
Glucose Deprivation Contributes to the Development of <i>KRAS</i> Pathway Mutations in Tumor Cells (2009)

Tumor progression is driven by genetic mutations, but little is known about the environmental conditions that select for these mutations. Studying the transcriptomes of paired colorectal cancer cell lines that differed only in the mutational status of their KRAS or BRAF genes, we found that GLUT1, encoding glucose transporter-1, was one of three genes consistently up-regulated in cells with KRAS or BRAF mutations. The mutant cells exhibited enhanced glucose uptake and glycolysis and survived in low-glucose conditions, phenotypes that all required GLUT1 expression. In contrast, when cells with wild-type KRAS alleles were subjected to a low-glucose environment, very few cells survived. Most surviving cells expressed high levels of GLUT1, and 4% of these survivors had acquired KRAS mutations not present in their parents. The glycolysis inhibitor 3-bromopyruvate preferentially suppressed the growth of cells with KRAS or BRAF mutations. Together, these data suggest that glucose deprivation can drive the acquisition of KRAS pathway mutations in human tumors.
Inhibition of Intestinal Carcinogenesis in Rats: Effect of Difluoromethylornithine With Piroxicam or Fish Oil<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref> (1986)

An inhibitor of ornithine decarboxylase, difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), and two inhibitors of prostaglandin biosynthesis, piroxicam and menhaden fish oil, were examined for their effect on intestinal tumorigenesis in male Sprague-Dawley rats fed a 5% fat semisynthetic diet. Each agent was given individually in one of two doses as follows: DFMO, 0.05% and 0.1% in the drinking water; piroxicam, 65 mg/kg diet and 130 mg/kg diet; and menhaden fish oil, 1.25% and 2.50% of the diet. Additional animal groups were given combinations of the lower dose of DFMO and the lower dose of either piroxicam or fish oil. Intestinal tumors were induced by sc injections of azoxymethane (AOM; CAS: 25843-45-2) at 8 mg/kg (body wt) weekly for 8 weeks. Test diets were started 1 week prior to the first dose of AOM, and the rats were sacrificed 26 weeks later. Rats that received either dose of DFMO or the high dose of piroxicam developed significantly fewer intestinal tumors compared to controls. The low dose of piroxicam and the fish oil given at either dose level had no effect. The combination of the low dose of DFMO and the low dose of piroxicam reduced tumor formation more than either dose of DFMO alone, whereas the low dose of DFMO and fish oil together was no more effective than either dose of DFMO alone. These results show that a combination of a small amount of DFMO and piroxicam, each acting through a different mechanism, exerts an additive inhibitory effect on intestinal tumor formation in rats.
For most large underdetermined systems of linear equations the minimal 𝓁<sub>1</sub>‐norm solution is also the sparsest solution (2006)

Abstract We consider linear equations y = Φ x where y is a given vector in ℝ n and Φ is a given n × m matrix with n < m ≤ τ n , and we wish to solve for x ∈ ℝ m . We suppose that the columns of Φ are normalized to the unit 𝓁 2 ‐norm, and we place uniform measure on such Φ. We prove the existence of ρ = ρ(τ) > 0 so that for large n and for all Φ's except a negligible fraction, the following property holds: For every y having a representation y = Φ x 0 by a coefficient vector x 0 ∈ ℝ m with fewer than ρ · n nonzeros, the solution x 1 of the 𝓁 1 ‐minimization problem is unique and equal to x 0 . In contrast, heuristic attempts to sparsely solve such systems—greedy algorithms and thresholding—perform poorly in this challenging setting. The techniques include the use of random proportional embeddings and almost‐spherical sections in Banach space theory, and deviation bounds for the eigenvalues of random Wishart matrices. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Functional organization of plasmid pKM101 (1981)

Tn5 insertion mutants and in vitro-generated deletion mutants of the mutagenesis-enhancing plasmid pKM101 have been used to identify several genetic regions on the pKM101 map. In clockwise order on the pKM101 map are: (i) the bla gene, coding for a beta-lactamase; (ii) the Slo region, responsible for retarding cell growth on minimal medium; (iii) the tra genes, enabling pKM101 to transfer conjugally; (iv) sensitivity to IKe phage (this function[s] maps within the tra region); (v) the muc gene(s), responsible for enhancing ultraviolet light and chemically induced mutagenesis in the cell; and (vi) the Rep region, essential for plasmid replication. The muc gene(s) and the Rep region are contained in a deoxyribonucleic acid region bounded by inverted repeated sequences.
Semantically Consistent Regularization for Zero-Shot Recognition (2017)

The role of semantics in zero-shot learning is considered. The effectiveness of previous approaches is analyzed according to the form of supervision provided. While some learn semantics independently, others only supervise the semantic subspace explained by training classes. Thus, the former is able to constrain the whole space but lacks the ability to model semantic correlations. The latter addresses this issue but leaves part of the semantic space unsupervised. This complementarity is exploited in a new convolutional neural network (CNN) framework, which proposes the use of semantics as constraints for recognition. Although a CNN trained for classification has no transfer ability, this can be encouraged by learning an hidden semantic layer together with a semantic code for classification. Two forms of semantic constraints are then introduced. The first is a loss-based regularizer that introduces a generalization constraint on each semantic predictor. The second is a codeword regularizer that favors semantic-to-class mappings consistent with prior semantic knowledge while allowing these to be learned from data. Significant improvements over the state-of-the-art are achieved on several datasets.
Molecular Differentiation of Metastriate Tick Immatures (2004)

Hard ticks, family Ixodidae, are divided into two groups, the Metastriata and the Prostriata, based on morphological differences. In the United States, there are four medically important genera of the Ixodidae: Ixodes, Amblyomma, Dermacentor, and Rhipicephalus. Ixodes is the only genus in and representative of the Prostriata, whereas the latter three genera are members of the Metastriata. All developmental stages of the Prostriata can be easily differentiated from the Metastriata using morphology. Similarly, the three Metastriate genera are highly identifiable as adults, yet as immatures, the discriminating characteristics can be difficult to use for differentiation, especially if the specimens are damaged or engorged with blood. All three Metastriate genera represent medically important vectors, thus accurate differentiation is necessary. To this end, we have developed a multiplexed-PCR diagnostic assay that, when combined with RFLP analysis will differentiate between the Metastriate genera--Amblyomma, Dermacentor, Rhipicephalus, and Haemaphysalis based on the length of the PCR amplicon and subsequent restriction digestion profile. The intended use for this diagnostic is to verify morphological identifications, especially of immatures, as well as to identify samples destroyed for molecular analysis, which will lead to more accurate field data as well as implication of vectors in disease transmission.
Synthesis and Investigation of Conformationally Restricted Analogues of Lavendustin A as Cytotoxic Inhibitors of Tubulin Polymerization (2002)

A series of conformationally restricted analogues were synthesized in order to elucidate the possible effects of different amide conformations of lavendustin A derivatives on cytotoxicity in cancer cell cultures and on inhibition of tubulin polymerization. The conformationally restricted analogues were based on the oxazinedione and isoindolone ring systems. In addition, the amide bond was replaced by both cis and trans alkene moieties. Surprisingly, the results indicated very little effect of conformational restriction on biological activity. Because all of the compounds synthesized had similar cytotoxicities and potencies as tubulin polymerization inhibitors, the side chain present on the aniline ring system does not appear to be important in the biological effects of the lavendustins. The hydroquinone ring of lavendustin A may be a more important determinant of the biological activity than the structure surrounding the aniline ring.
Three-dimensional Co-culture of Primary Human Liver Cells in Bioreactors for <i>In Vitro</i> Drug Studies: Effects of the Initial Cell Quality on the Long-term Maintenance of Hepatocyte-specific Functions (2002)

In vitro culture models that employ human liver cells could be potent tools for predictive studies on drug toxicity and metabolism in the pharmaceutical industry. A bioreactor culture model was developed that permits the three-dimensional co-culture of liver cells under continuous medium perfusion with decentralised mass exchange and integral oxygenation. We tested the ability of the system to support the long-term maintenance and differentiation of primary human liver cells. The effects of the initial cell quality were investigated by comparing cultures from resected, non-preserved liver with cultures from liver graft tissue damaged by long-term preservation. In cultures originating from non-preserved liver, protein and urea synthesis, glucose metabolism, and cytochrome (CYP450) activities were stable over the 2-week culture period, with maximal activities at the end of the first week in culture. Enzyme induction led to increased 7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activities of up to 20 times the basal value. In cultures from preservation-damaged liver, recovery of metabolic activities was detected during bioreactor culture. After two weeks, most biochemical parameters approached those of cultures from non-preserved human liver. Light microscopy demonstrated the three-dimensional reorganisation of hepatocytes and non-parenchymal cells in co-culture. Long-term maintenance, and even the regeneration of specific functional activities of human liver cells, can be achieved in the bioreactor. This could facilitate the introduction into the pharmaceutical industry of in vitro drug testing with primary human liver cells.
<i>Short Communication</i> : Studies in Macaques on Cross-Clade T Cell Responses Elicited by a DNA/MVA AIDS Vaccine, Better Conservation of CD8 Than CD4 T Cell Responses (2005)

One of the unknowns faced by an HIV/AIDS vaccine is the ability of a single clade vaccine to protect against the multiple genetic subtypes and recombinant forms of HIV-1 present in the current pandemic. Here, we use a macaque model to investigate the ability of our clade B vaccine that consists of DNA priming and modified vaccinia Ankara (MVA) virus boosting to elicit T cell responses that recognize an A/G recombinant of HIV-1. To test for cross-reactive T cells, intracellular cytokine staining was conducted using five pools of Gag and six pools of Env peptides representing B or A/G sequences. Studies using the peptide pools revealed essentially complete conservation of the CD8 response but only approximately 50% conservation of the CD4 response. Thus, the ability of an HIV vaccine for one clade to protect against other clades may be more limited by the ability to provide CD4 T cell help than the ability to elicit CD8 effector functions.
Distributed Submodular Maximization: Identifying Representative Elements in Massive Data (2013)

Many large-scale machine learning problems (such as clustering, non-parametric learning, kernel machines, etc.) require selecting, out of a massive data set, a manageable, representative subset. Such problems can often be reduced to maximizing a submodular set function subject to cardinality constraints. Classical approaches require centralized access to the full data set; but for truly large-scale problems, rendering the data centrally is often impractical. In this paper, we consider the problem of submodular function maximization in a distributed fashion. We develop a simple, two-stage protocol GreeDI, that is easily implemented using MapReduce style computations. We theoretically analyze our approach, and show, that under certain natural conditions, performance close to the (impractical) centralized approach can be achieved. In our extensive experiments, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on several applications, including sparse Gaussian process inference on tens of millions of examples using Hadoop.