gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Understanding immune cell trafficking patterns via in vivo bioluminescence imaging (2002)

Cell migration is a key aspect of the development of the immune system and mediating an immune response. There is extensive and continual redistribution of cells to different anatomic sites throughout the body. These trafficking patterns control immune function, tissue regeneration, and host responses to insult. The ability to monitor the fate and function of cells, therefore, is imperative to both understanding the role of specific cells in disease processes and to devising rational therapeutic strategies. Determining the fate of immune cells and understanding the functional changes associated with migration and proliferation require effective means of obtaining in vivo measurements in the context of intact organ systems. A variety of imaging methods are available to provide structural information, such as X-ray CT and MRI, but only recently new tools have been developed that reveal cellular and molecular changes as they occur within living animals. We have pioneered one of these techniques that is based on the observations that light passes through mammalian tissues, and that luciferases can serve as internal biological sources of light in the living body. This method, called in vivo bioluminescence imaging, is a rapid and noninvasive functional imaging method that employs light-emitting reporters and external photon detection to follow biological processes in living animals in real time. This imaging strategy enables the studies of trafficking patterns for a variety of cell types in live animal models of human biology and disease. Using this approach we have elucidated the spatiotemporal trafficking patterns of lymphocytes within the body. In models of autoimmune disease we have used the migration of "pathogenic" immune cells to diseased tissues as a means to locally deliver and express therapeutic proteins. Similarly, we have determined the tempo of NK-T cell migration to neoplastic lesions and measured their life span in vivo. Using bioluminescence imaging individual groups of animals can be followed over time significantly reducing the number of animals per experiment, and improving the statistical significance of a study since changes in a given population can be studied over time. Such rapid assays that reveal cell fates in vivo will increase our basic understanding of the molecular signals that control these migratory pathways and will substantially speed up the development and evaluation of therapies.
PS 17-84 THE LONG-TERM CEREBROPROTECTIVE EFFICIENCY OF RENAL DENERVATION IN RESISTANT HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS (2016)

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effect of transcatheter renal denervation (TRD) on presence and severity of pathological structural changes of a brain in resistant hypertensive patients (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT01499810). Design and method: Twenty three resistant hypertensive patients aged between 30–70 years were included in the study. TRD was performed as bilateral endovascular radiofrequency ablation of neural pathways adjacent to renal artery. Detailed clinical investigation, 24-h ABPM and brain MRI were performed in all patients at baseline and 12 months after TRD. Composite presence and severity of leucoaraiosis (LA), liquorodynamic disturbance, lacuna infarcts (LI) and focal white matter lesions (FWML) were scored by integrating index graded 0–8 in all patients. Results: Pathological structural brain changes were detected in 22 patients (96.7%). Periventricular leucoaraiosis was found in 20 (87%) patients (I grade – 17.4%; II grade – 43.5%; III grade - 17.4% and IY grade - 8.7%), liquorodynamic disorder in 21 (91.3%) patients. Lacunae were found in 12 (27.9%) patients and focal white matter lesions - in all patients. According to the changes of systolic blood pressure after TRD all patients were divided in responders (16, 69.6%) and non-responders (7, 30.4%). The severity of LA decreased by 13.5% in responders (p = 0.04). Subarachnoid space of the frontal and parietal areas of the brain decreased by 7–12 %, linear sizes of lateral brain ventricles decreased by 3–7 %, integrating index of structural hypertensive encephalopathy decreased by 13.7% (p = 0.004) while LI and FWML did not change. There was no significantly change in structural brain damages after TRD in non-responders. Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that TRD is associated with a decrease of blood pressure and the severity of leucoaraiosis and liquorodynamic disturbance of the brain for a long time in patients with resistant hypertension.
Genetics of mouse hepatitis virus transcription: evidence that subgenomic negative strands are functional templates (1994)

Mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) A59 temperature-sensitive (ts) mutants belonging to complementation group C were characterized and mapped by standard genetic recombination techniques. Temperature shift experiments early in infection suggested that the group C allele can be divided into two phenotypically distinct subgroups, designated C1 and C2. Since previous data indicated that the group C1 mutants probably contained an early defect which affects negative-strand synthesis, RNA synthesis was further examined by analyzing replicative-form (RF) RNA. Full-length as well as subgenomic-length RF RNAs were radiolabeled from 3 to 12 h postinfection (p.i.) and labeled late in infection after shift to the nonpermissive temperature (39.5 degrees C). The relative percent molar ratios of each mRNA and corresponding RF RNA were roughly equivalent throughout infection. Temperature shift experiments at 5.5 or 6.0 h p.i. resulted in an 83 to 92% reduction in the amount of total RF RNA at 39.5 degrees C. Radiolabeling time course experiments after temperature shift to 39.5 degrees C also demonstrated incorporation (6 to 9 h p.i.) into both subgenomic-length and full-length RF RNAs, suggesting that previously transcribed negative strands were functional templates throughout infection. To determine if the reduction in RF RNA was due to a decrease in positive- or negative-strand RNA synthesis, rates of mRNA synthesis were calculated from both full-length and subgenomic-length templates. The rate of mRNA synthesis after the shift was increased at 39.5 degrees C compared with that at 32 degrees C regardless of the template used; however, transcription rates calculated from subgenomic-length templates were similar to those of other viral and eukaryotic polymerases. These findings support the notion that the group C1 allele regulates negative-strand RNA synthesis and strongly suggest that the subgenomic negative-strand RNAs are probably the predominant functional templates for the synthesis of positive-strand RNAs late in infection.
Contextualization in Daniel’s Use of God’s Names for Cross-Cultural Witness to Nebuchadnezzar (2008)

The book of Daniel has many cultural aspects that illustrate how God uses culture to efficiently communicate his salvific purpose in a cross-cultural setting. The book also shows how Daniel witnessed to his faith in the God of Heaven in front of heathen kings using their language and cultural forms. Although the book of Daniel shows that both God and Daniel were sensitive to the local culture as they communicated God’s message, only a few scholars have paid any attention to the book of Daniel as a missionary document with cross-cultural perspectives and insights. Although there are many cultural aspects in the book of Daniel, in this article I will only discuss how Daniel contextualized God’s names for his cross-cultural witness to Nebuchadnezzar.
Time synchronization using the Internet (1998)

This paper discusses a new algorithm for synchronizing the clocks of networked computers using messages transmitted over the network itself. The design is based on a statistical model of the clock and the network, and uses this model to define the parameters of a frequency-lock loop which is used to discipline the local oscillator. The design was tested by synchronizing a standard workstation to a time server located 1200 km away; the time offset between the clock synchronized in this way and UTC is 2 ms rms. This analysis also can be used to design algorithms that provide lower accuracy at lower cost.
The History of Substances for Soft Tissue Augmentation (2000)

1 Department of Dermatology, University of California–Los Angeles, Beverly Hills, California and 2 Longevity Institute, LLC, Nashville, Tennessee Address correspondence and reprint requests to: Dr. Melvin L. Elson, 4535 Harding Road, Suite 300, Nashville, TN 37205.
Photoinduced processes in fullerenopyrrolidine and fullerenopyrazoline derivatives substituted with an oligophenylenevinylene moietyElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: synthetic procedures and full characterization of all new compounds. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b2/b200432a/ (2002)

Fullerene derivatives A-3PV and B-3PV in which an oligophenylenevinylene trimeric subunit (3PV) is attached to C60 through, respectively, a pyrrolidine or a pyrazoline ring have been prepared. The electrochemical and excited-state properties of the multicomponent arrays A-3PV and B-3PV have been investigated in solution using the related oligophenylenevinylene derivative 3PV, fullerenopyrrolidine A and fullerenopyrazoline B as reference compounds. In A-3PV quantitative OPV → C60 photoinduced singlet–singlet energy transfer has been observed. Population of the lowest fullerene singlet excited state is followed by nearly quantitative intersystem crossing to the lowest fullerene triplet excited state in CH2Cl2 and toluene, whereas OPV → C60 electron transfer is able to compete significantly in the more polar solvent benzonitrile. In the case of B-3PV, the excited-state properties are more complex due to the electron donating ability of the pyrazoline ring. As observed for A-3PV, quantitative OPV → C60 photoinduced singlet–singlet energy transfer occurs in B-3PV. However, in this case, the population of the lowest fullerene singlet excited state is followed by an efficient electron transfer from the pyrazoline ring in CH2Cl2 and benzonitrile. In B-3PV, studies of the dependence of photoinduced processes on solvent polarity, addition of acid, and temperature also reveal that this compound can be considered as a fullerene-based molecular switch, the switchable parameters being the photoinduced processes. Finally, A-3PV and B-3PV have been tested as active materials in photovoltaic devices and the differences of light to energy conversion efficiencies found for the two compounds have been rationalised on the basis of their photophysical properties.
Tetraspanin CD151 as a target for antibody-based cancer immunotherapy (2011)

CD151 is a plasma membrane protein belonging to the tetraspanin superfamily which is expressed on normal cells such as endothelial cells and platelets and frequently overexpressed on cancer cells. It is known to be functionally linked to cancer metastasis. In humans, increased expression of CD151 is indicative of a poor prognosis in different cancer types. Whereas its mechanism of action remains obscure, CD151 was shown to regulate cell motility and adhesion through association with laminin-binding integrins such as α3β1 or α6β4. Several anti-CD151 mAbs (monoclonal antibodies) have been shown to display anti-metastatic activity in vivo. Inhibition of metastasis was not attributed to any effect of these mAbs on tumour cell growth, but was essentially attributed to inhibition of cell motility. We have generated anti-CD151 mAbs which can inhibit the tumoral growth in different xenograft cancer models. As expected, these mAbs were also able to inhibit metastasis in orthotopic cancer models. These data suggest that CD151 could function at multiple cancer stages, including not only metastasis cascade steps, but also earlier steps of primary tumour growth, thus reinforcing the interest of this innovative target in oncology. mAbs targeting CD151 may be of significant interest for cancer biotherapy.
Wide-angle switchable negative refraction in high birefringence nematic liquid crystals (2013)

Negative refraction (NR) is a promising technique that provides an opportunity to manipulate beam behaviour. We have demonstrated experimentally the controllable NR with large refraction angle at visible wavelength in the novel high birefringence (Δn) liquid crystals. When the Δn of liquid crystal reaches 0.42, the NR angle and critical incident angle reach –14° and 23.2°, respectively, which are much larger than those achieved before by other liquid crystals. By applying the electric field, we control the switch from NR to positive.
A flexible 500MHz to 3.6GHz wireless receiver with configurable DT FIR and IIR filter embedded in a 7b 21MS/s SAR ADC (2010)

A flexible, digital-dominant wireless receiver in implemented in 65nm CMOS. The receive chain consists of a wide-band LNA, mixers, and baseband amplifiers. A 7b 21MS/s SAR ADC with embedded, configurable DT FIR/IIR filtering rejects aliasing interferers. Interleaving of sampling and SAR in the ADC maximizes conversion rate. The receiver achieves -92 dBm sensitivity, +33dB and +39dB adjacent and alternate channel interferer rejection with 802.15.4 packets, respectively, and -83dBm sensitivity, +41dB, +20MHz interferer rejection with 802.11 packets.
Haze removal for UAV reconnaissance images using layered scattering model (2016)

During the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) reconnaissance missions in the middle-low troposphere, the reconnaissance images are blurred and degraded due to the scattering process of aerosol under fog, haze and other weather conditions, which reduce the image contrast and color fidelity. Considering the characteristics of UAV itself, this paper proposes a new algorithm for dehazing UAV reconnaissance images based on layered scattering model. The algorithm starts with the atmosphere scattering model, using the imaging distance, squint angle and other metadata acquired by the UAV. Based on the original model, a layered scattering model for dehazing is proposed. Considering the relationship between wave-length and extinction coefficient, the airlight intensity and extinction coefficient are calculated in the model. Finally, the restored images are obtained. In addition, a classification method based on Bayesian classification is used for classification of haze concentration of the image, avoiding the trouble of manual working. Then we evaluate the haze removal results according to both the subjective and objective criteria. The experimental results show that compared with the origin image, the comprehensive index of the image restored by our method increases by 282.84%, which proves that our method can obtain excellent dehazing effect.
Theoretical Elucidation of the Unusually High [HNC]/[HCN] Abundance Ratio in Interstellar Space: Two‐dimensional and Two‐State Quantum Wave Packet Dynamics Study on the Branching Ratio of the Dissociative Recombination Reaction HCNH<sup>+</sup>+<i>e</i><sup>−</sup>→ HNC/HCN + H (2006)

In order to elucidate the unusually high [HNC]/[HCN] abundance ratio observed in interstellar space, we have carried out wave packet simulations for the dissociative recombination reaction HCNH+ + e- → HNC/HCN + H on the two-dimensional potential energy surfaces (PESs) of two dissociative electronic states of HCNH, 1 2Σ+ and 2 2Σ+. Two adiabatic PESs of 1 2Σ+ and 2 2Σ+ have been determined as functions of NH and CH bond lengths for a linear geometry of HCNH with a fixed CN bond length, by the multireference single and double configuration interaction plus Davidson's quadruple excitation correction [MR-SDCI(+Q)] method. The wave packets, generated from the low-lying vibrational eigenstates of HCNH+, have been put initially on the 2 2Σ+ adiabatic PES. The resulting branching ratios of [HNC]/[HCN] vary from 0.77 to 1.32, depending on the initial vibrational quantum numbers, which support that HCNH+ is the precursor of both HNC and HCN in interstellar space.
Email classification analysis using machine learning techniques (2022)

Purpose In this digital era, email is the most pervasive form of communication between people. Many users become a victim of spam emails and their data have been exposed. Design/methodology/approach Researchers contribute to solving this problem by a focus on advanced machine learning algorithms and improved models for detecting spam emails but there is still a gap in features. To achieve good results, features also play an important role. To evaluate the performance of applied classifiers, 10-fold cross-validation is used. Findings The results approve that the spam emails are correctly classified with the accuracy of 98.00% for the Support Vector Machine and 98.06% for the Artificial Neural Network as compared to other applied machine learning classifiers. Originality/value In this paper, Point-Biserial correlation is applied to each feature concerning the class label of the University of California Irvine (UCI) spambase email dataset to select the best features. Extensive experiments are conducted on selected features by training the different classifiers.
A time-predictable system initialization design for huge-capacity flash-memory storage systems (2008)

The capacity of flash-memory storage systems grows at a speed similar to many other storage systems. In order to properly manage the product cost, vendors face serious challenges in system designs. How to provide an expected system initialization time for huge-capacity flash-memory storage systems has become an important research topic. In this paper, a time-predictable system initialization design is proposed for huge-capacity flash-memory storage systems. The objective of the design is to provide an expected system initialization time based on a coarse-grained flash translation layer. The time-predictable analysis of the design is provided to discuss the relation between the size of main memory and the system initialization time. The system initialization time can be also estimated and predicted by the time-predictable analysis.
Effects of Daflon 500 mg on Increased Microvascular Permeability in Normal Hamsters (1995)

Daflon 500 mg1 (S 5682) is a purified, micronized, flavonoid fraction containing 90% diosmin and 10% hesperidin, which is currently used to treat chronic venous insufficiency and haemorrhoidal disease. In the present study, the effects of Daflon 500 mg on increased microvascular permeability induced by histamine, bradykinin and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) were investigated by intravital microscopy in the hamster cheek pouch preparation. Daflon 500 mg, suspended in 10% lactose solution, or vehicle (10% lactose) was administered orally to male hamsters for 10 days at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day (10 mg/kg twice daily). Fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran 150 was given intravenously, 30 min after completion of the cheek pouch preparation. Histamine, 2 mumol/l, bradykinin, 0.1 mumol/l, and LTB4, 0.01 mumol/l, applied topically for 5 min increased the number of fluorescent vascular leakage sites in postcapillary venules. The maximum number of leaky sites per cm2 in the prepared area that occurred 5 min after the beginning of each topical application was quantified by UV light microscopy. In comparison with vehicle, Daflon 500 mg significantly inhibited the macromolecular permeability-increasing effect of histamine (343.5 +/- 22.3 vs. 207.5 +/- 32.0; p < 0.01), bradykinin (345.2 +/- 19.0 vs. 206.2 +/- 21.6; p < 0.01) and LTB4 (353.3 +/- 27.5 vs. 242.7 +/- 33.6; p < 0.05). These results demonstrate that oral administration of Daflon 500 mg for 10 days at 20 mg/kg body weight/day has a protective effect against leakage of macromolecules after application of permeability-increasing substances in the cheek pouch microvasculature. These data, which illustrate the inhibitory effect of a clinically relevant dose of Daflon 500 mg on the inflammatory processes induced in this in vivo model of microcirculation, may serve as a rational basis to explain the clinical efficacy of Daflon 500 mg.
Characterization of <i>N</i>-acetylneuraminic acid synthase isoenzyme 1 from <i>Campylobacter jejuni</i> (2004)

Escherichia coli NeuNAc (N-acetylneuraminic acid) synthase catalyses the condensation of PEP (phosphoenolpyruvate) and ManNAc (N-acetylmannosamine) to form NeuNAc and is encoded by the neuB gene. Campylobacter jejuni has three neuB genes, one of which is very similar to the E. coli neuB gene. We have characterized the C. jejuni neuraminic acid synthase with respect to acylamino sugar specificity and stereochemistry of the PEP condensation. We determined the specificity of C. jejuni NeuNAc synthase for N-acetylmannosamine, N-butanoylmannosamine, N-propionoylmannosamine and N-pentanoylmannosamine. We find that, although this enzyme exhibits similar K(m) values for N-acylmannosamine molecules with different N-acyl groups, the kcat/K(m) values decreased with increasing chain length. NeuNAc synthase is a member of a PEP-utilizing family of enzymes that form oxo acids from PEP and a monosaccharide. This family includes KDO 8-P (2-keto-3-deoxy-D-manno-octulosonate 8-phosphate) synthase and DAH 7-P (2-keto-3-deoxy-D-arabino-heptulosonate 7-phosphate) synthase. Both enzymes catalyse the condensation of the re face of the aldehyde group of the monosaccharide with the si face of the PEP molecule. The C. jejuni NeuNAc synthase catalysed the condensation of Z- and E-[3-2H]PEP with ManNAc, yielding (3S)-3-deutero-NeuNAc and (3R)-3-deutero-NeuNAc respectively. The condensation of Z-[3-F]PEP and ManNAc yielded (3S)-3-fluoro-NeuNAc. Results of our studies suggest that the C. jejuni NeuNAc synthase, similar to KDO 8-P synthase and DAH 7-P synthase, catalyses the condensation of the si face of PEP with the aldehyde sugar. The present study is the first stereochemical analysis of the reaction catalysed by a bacterial NeuNAc synthase.
Reducing Energy Dissipation in ULP Systems: PLL-Free FBAR-Based Fast Startup Transmitters (2015)

The energy dissipated by conventional phase-locked-loop-based transmitters (TXs) during the long startup phase is a major bottleneck that reduces the energy autonomy of duty-cycled ultra-low-power systems. In order to tackle this problem, this paper presents a loop-free TX based on a film-bulk acoustic wave resonator (FBAR) that has a 5- μs startup time and requires just 3- μs for channel switching. The presented TX takes advantage of the high-frequency stability of the FBAR digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) to operate in open loop mode. In order to avoid the problem of the same frequency stability that also hinders addressing multiple channels, the DCO output is mixed with a divided down version (which gives the IF) of itself. By adjusting the division ratio suitably, frequency of the system can then be tuned. To further relax the tuning requirements on the FBAR, the divider for producing the IF is implemented as a phase-switching divider with a step size of 0.2. Integrated in a 65-nm technology node, the TX can address all the bands within the 2.36-2.5-GHz frequency range viz. Medical body area network, industrial, scientific, and medical, and low-power active medical implant bands. Moreover, this TX is able to reach up to 16-Mb/s peak data rate while consuming 9.2 mA at 1.2 V.
Dehydrooligopeptides. XIII. Selective Enzymatic Hydrolysis of <i>N</i>-Protected α-Dehydroglutamic Acid Diesters and Their Analogs Using Papain as Catalyst (1991)

Abstract Since the α-ester of α,γ-dimethyl N-benzyloxycarbonyl-α-dehydroglutamate (ΔGlu) was found to be hydrolyzed using papain, a variety of N-protected α-dehydroglutamates and their analogs, both esters of which were the same or different from each other, were newly synthesized and subjected to a similar hydrolysis. Although the substrates, with bulkier ester group at the γ- as well as α-positions, were found to become difficult to hydrolyze, the kind and size of the N-protecting group did not effect the hydrolysis. Moreover, it was found that the length of side chain of the substrate greatly influenced hydrolysis. The present study suggests that papain may become a useful tool for the hydrolysis and coupling of ΔGlu with α-amino acid or peptide.