gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Faster 3D game graphics by not drawing what is not seen (1997)

The increasing demands of 3D game realism - in terms of both scene complexity and speed of animation - are placing excessive strain on the current low-level, computationally expensive graphics drawing operations. Despite these routines being highly optimized, specialized, and often being implemented in assembly language or even in hardware, the ever-increasing number of drawing requests for a single frame of animation causes even these systems to become overloaded, degrading the overall performance. To offset these demands and dramatically reduce the load on the graphics subsystem, we present a system that quickly and efficiently finds a large portion of the game world that is not visible to the viewer for each frame of animation, and simply prevents it from being sent to the graphics system. We build this searching mechanism for unseen parts from common and easily implemented graphics algorithms.
A new species of mite, Fusoherecia lawrencei, from an artificial tree-hole (Acarina: Glycyphagidae) (1964)

Studies of arthropods inhabiting tree holes, conducted at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, required the development of methods for the artificial establishment and maintenance of arthropod communities in tree holes (Auerbach, 1958). One procedure involved the creation of tree holes by cutting or drilling cavities in trunks of trees. Subsequent sampling showed that the arthropod communities which developed in these cavities resembled those which develop in natural ones. A new species of Fusoherecia was found in samples from such an artificial tree hole in the trunk of a yellow poplar, Liriodendron tulipifera, three years after the original cavity was created. The species did not appear in subsequent samples, and after three additional years the cavity had become closed by growth of bark.
Template requirements for the initiation of adenovirus DNA replication. (1984)

The first step in the replication of the adenovirus genome is the covalent attachment of the 5'-terminal nucleotide, dCMP, to the virus-encoded terminal protein precursor (pTP). This reaction can be observed in vitro and has been previously shown to be dependent upon either viral DNA or linearized plasmid DNA containing viral terminal sequences. Plasmids containing deletions or point mutations within the viral terminal sequence were constructed by site-directed mutagenesis. In the case of linear double-stranded templates, pTP-dCMP formation required sequences located within the first 18 base pairs of the viral genome. This sequence contains a segment of 10 base pairs that is conserved in all human adenovirus serotypes. Point mutations within the conserved segment greatly reduced the efficiency of initiation, while a point mutation at a nonconserved position within the first 18 base pairs had little effect. Single-stranded DNAs can also support pTP-dCMP formation in vitro. In contrast to the results obtained with duplex templates, experiments with a variety of single-stranded templates, including phage M13-adenovirus recombinants, denatured plasmids, and synthetic oligodeoxynucleotides, failed to reveal any requirements for specific nucleotide sequences. With single-stranded templates containing no dG residues, the specific deoxynucleoside triphosphate requirements of the initiation reaction were altered.
Expansion and Fixation Properties of a New Braided Biodegradable Urethral Stent: An Experimental Study in the Rabbit (2003)

Biodegradable polymers are suitable materials for braided urethral stents. The expansion properties of the 2 braiding models tested in this study sufficed to fix the stents in situ in the prostatic urethra. However, the 1 over 1 braiding pattern was superior to the 2 over 2 + 1 pattern, in that it retained its macroscopic construction until the degradation of single self-reinforced polylactic acid polymer fibers.
Intelligent control of flexible autonomous robots. II. Implementation (2002)

Recent work in intelligent systems suggests that a pertinent discipline based on artificial intelligence, operations research and control theory is evolving to imitate human behaviour. In this paper, the theory of intelligent machines, based on the Distributed multi-agent problem solving using constraint satisfaction with feedback, is applied successfully, to the hierarchical control of robots through the incorporation of constraint based strategies with learning, for addressing the planning, coordination and decision making issues.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A multi-spatial model of man machine cooperation (2002)

Many fields are concerned with computer-assisted design and, at the moment, each of them has its own methods and models. We propose a method for unification; it is based on the identification of spaces and of communications between these spaces. This is compatible with the notion of a generator that we have presented in Hermes, vol. 1-1, pp. 31-38 (1992); it gives the user the possibility of defining the assignment of parameters from a multiparameterized capture. It allows him to introduce user-defined functions, by the construction of tools and contexts, and by the dynamic interaction between tools and contexts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Differential proteomic analysis of grapevine leaves by iTRAQ reveals responses to heat stress and subsequent recovery (2014)

On the basis of these findings, we proposed that some proteins related to electron transport chain of photosynthesis, antioxidant enzymes, HSPs and other stress response proteins, and glycolysis may play key roles in enhancing grapevine adaptation to and recovery capacity from heat stress. These results provide a better understanding of the proteins involved in, and mechanisms of thermotolerance in grapevines.
Flexible arrays of inexpensive network (FAIN) (2008)

In this study, we present the flexible arrays of inexpensive network (FAIN) architecture: it can be used to maximize parallelism in network systems in order to satisfy future Internet traffic growth. Although the "parallel-in-global" approach used in FAIN overcomes a constraints of serial interfaces, the performance of applications with s small stream can be preserved. FAIN provides thousand of isolated virtualized slices, and enables incremental extensions in the capacity of router systems. FAIN also provides multiple level subscriber differentiation, and power consumption optimization according to the traffic.
The evolution of ion sources for implanters (invited) (1990)

Ion sources have improved in performance and reliability to such a degree that they can be operated completely under computer control. The improvements in design and fabrication that have made this possible are the result of many years of effort, and yet there are still serious shortcomings. For example, there is still a need for a several times improvement in lifetime and it is questionable whether this can be achieved by further evolution of existing designs. Perhaps the answer to better performance may be found by replacing the electron emitting filament used in almost all sources today by a source using rf or microwaves for plasma excitation.
Rapid evaluation of Catmull-Clark subdivision surfaces (2002)

Using subdivision as a basic primitive for the construction of arbitrary topology, smooth, free-form surfaces is attractive for content destined for display on devices with greatly varying rendering performance. Subdivision naturally supports level of detail rendering and powerful compression algorithms. While the underlying algorithms are conceptually simple it is difficult to implement player engines which achieve optimal performance on modern CPUs such as the Intel Pentium family.In this paper we describe a novel table driven evaluation strategy for subdivision surfaces using as an example the scheme of Catmull and Clark. Cache conscious design and exploitation of SIMD instructions allows us to achieve nearly 100% FPU utilization in the inner loop and achieve a composite performance of 1.2 flop/cycle on the Intel PIII and 1.8 flop/cycle on the Intel P4 including all memory transfers. The algorithm supports tradeoffs between cache size and memory bus usage which we examine. A library which implements this engine is freely available from the authors.
Magnetic shielding effects by the superposition of a six-layered ferromagnetic cylinder over a BPSCCO cylinder (1996)

The maximum shielded magnetic flux density (Bs) was shown to be improved by the superposition of a six-layered ferromagnetic cylinder over a Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O (BPSCCO) cylinder; termed the six-layered superimposed cylinder. The values of Bs for the six-layered superimposed cylinder were found to be about 100 times greater than that of a single-BPSCCO cylinder. The values of Bs were analyzed by using several different models. It was found that the experimental values of Bs agree well with theoretical values. The results confirm that an important criterion was determined for the design of an effective shield for large chambers.
A pareto-based genetic algorithm for optimized assignment of VM requests on a cloud brokering environment (2013)

In this paper, we deal with cloud brokering for the assignment optimization of VM requests in three-tier cloud infrastructures. We investigate the Pareto-based meta-heuristic approach to take into account multiple client and broker-centric optimization criteria. We propose a new multi-objective Genetic Algorithm (MOGA-CB ) that can be integrated in a cloud broker. Two objectives are considered in the optimization process: minimizing both the response time and the cost of the selected VM instances to satisfy the clients and to maximize the profit of the broker. The approach has been experimented using realistic data of different types of Amazon EC2 instances and their pricing history. The reported results show that MOGA-CB provides efficiently effective Pareto sets of solutions.
TOMORROW'S ADVANCED ELECTRIC BRAKE -- THE NEXT BIG BREAKTHROUGH? / (1994)

SUBTITLE: VIRTUALLY INSTANTANEOUS RESPONSE TOPS THE LIST OF BENEFITS CLAIMED FOR ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC BRAKING: DOUBTERS REMAIN, BUT BN'S TEST WITH A TSM SYSTEM PRODUCED POSITIVE RESULTS.
Bismuth, Bismuth Alloys, and Bismuth Compounds (2003)

The article contains sections titled: 

1.	Introduction	
2.	Properties	
3.	Occurrence	
4.	Production	
4.1.	Crude Bismuth from Bismuth-Rich Mixed Concentrates	
4.2.	Crude Bismuth from Lead Concentrates	
4.2.1.	Pyrometallurgical Separation of Bismuth from Metallic Lead	
4.2.2.	Processing of Bismuth-Containing Drosses	
4.2.3.	Electrolytic Separation of Lead and Bismuth. Bismuth Production	
4.3.	Crude Bismuth from Copper and Tin Concentrates	
5.	Refining	
6.	Bismuth Alloys	
7.	Bismuth Compounds	
7.1.	Inorganic Compounds	
7.2.	Organic Compounds	
8.	Chemical Analysis	
9.	Economic Aspects	
10.	Toxicology and Occupational Health
Biological qualities of saliva sterilized by filtration or ethylene oxide treatment (1991)

Stimulated whole saliva was centrifuged and sterilized either by filtration in the presence or absence of dithiothreitol (DTT) or by ethylene oxide treatment. Filtration was accomplished by 2 different techniques: conventional positive pressure filtration through prefilters and membranes with decreasing pore sizes and tangential flow microporous filtration. The sterile saliva samples were analyzed for enzyme activities of phosphatases, esterases, glucuronidase, and lysozyme. The samples were also tested by polyacrylamide electrophoresis, isoelectric focusing and for IgA concentration. Moreover, the samples were tested for support of bacterial growth of strains from the genera Actinomyces, Lactobacillus, Neisseria, Rothia and Streptococcus after the addition of glucose at a final concentration of 0.5%. The samples treated with ethylene oxide appeared to be more affected by this treatment than samples treated otherwise, as demonstrated by the electrophoretic analyses and analyses of enzyme activities. Ethylene oxide-treated saliva also was the least favorable saliva sample to support growth of bacteria. The positive pressure technique gave more rapid filtration than the tangential flow technique. DTT treatment of saliva facilitated filtration and, in contrast to ethylene oxide treatment, it affected the qualities of saliva only to a minor extent compared with the original saliva sample.
Ozone Mass Transfer in a Confined Plunging Liquid Jet Contactor (2003)

A Confined Plunging Liquid Jet Contactor (CPLJC) was used to transfer ozone into a stream of pure water. The CPLJC consists of a vertical downcomer (enclosed at the top and open at the base), which performs the gas-liquid mixing, and a riser where the gas disengages from the liquid. The ozone mass transfer performance of the CPLJC was measured by experimentally determining the overall volumetric mass transfer coefficient, k L a (s−1), based on the volume of the liquid phase. Over the range of gas and liquid flow conditions examined, k L a ranged from 0.301 s−1 to 0.474 s−1, which compares well with other gas-liquid contactors used today. Increasing the volumetric gas flowrate, Q G (L.s−1), was found to result in greater gas holdup, , inside the downcomer, which enhanced the interfacial area, a (m−1), and thus k L a. Conversely, increasing the volumetric liquid flowrate, Q L (L.s−1), produced lower values of k L a due to a decrease in . Transfer efficiency in this system using pure water reached 0.72 and would be greater in the case of water containing ozone-consuming impurities. The demonstrated strong ozone mass transfer performance of the CPLJC, combined with its compact size and safety improvements due to its operation under suction, emphasize its suitability for potable water treatment.
Standard Opioid Agonists Activate Heteromeric Opioid Receptors: Evidence for Morphine and [<scp>d</scp>-Ala<sup>2</sup>-MePhe<sup>4</sup>-Glyol<sup>5</sup>]Enkephalin as Selective μ−δ Agonists (2009)

Research in the opioid field has relied heavily on the use of standard agonist ligands such as morphine, [d-Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Glyol(5)]enkephalin (DAMGO), U69593, bremazocine, [d-Pen(2)d-Pen(5)]enkephalin (DPDPE), and deltorphin-II as tools for investigating the three major types of opioid receptors, MOP (μ), KOP (κ), and DOP (δ), that mediate antinociception. The functional selectivity of these ligands has been based on the assumption that opioid receptors exist as homomers. As numerous studies in cultured cells have suggested that opioid receptors can associate both as homomers and heteromers, we have investigated the selectivity of these standard ligands using intracellular calcium release and [(35)S]GTPγS assays in HEK-293 cells that contain singly and coexpressed opioid receptors. The present study reveals that morphine and DAMGO, traditionally classified as μ selective agonists, selectively activate μ-δ heteromeric opioid receptors with greater efficacy than homomeric opioid receptors. Moreover, standard ligands that have been widely employed as κ- and δ-selective agonists display little or no differences in the activation of homomeric and heteromeric opioid receptors. The far-reaching implications of these results are discussed.
Broadband-CDMA: one phone for a wireless twenty first century (2002)

We are in the midst of a revolution in telecommunications. Worldwide economic development coupled with the need for increased mobility has created a need for the immediate installation of a very large number of telephones. To meet this need and to accommodate the requirement of mobility, one must employ wireless telecommunications. Wireless systems are currently in wide, ever increasing, use in the US, UK, Europe, and all of Asia. Systems include fixed wireless local loop as well as cellular and PCS. In many areas of the world, second generation systems are being installed and third generation systems ordered. Multimedia and data services are being added to the basic voice service currently available. This paper discusses this evolution and explains why broadband-CDMA (B-CDMA) is required to meet the service and capacity needs of the 21st Century.
Cataloging the Wide World of Web (2002)

SUMMARY The Internet has become one of the leading forms of communication and information dissemination in the world today. Furthermore, the Internet provides great opportunities for librarians to supply their remote patrons with an invaluable research tool that will provide access to a vast amount of information and services. However, the Internet is currently a disorganized mesh of a variety of information resources, which makes it difficult for researchers to locate resources that are relevant, authoritative and reliable. This paper demonstrates the need for better organization of the information resources on the Internet, and then discusses various methods and initiatives towards resolving these issues of organization. Some methods mentioned for organizing the Internet include improving the capabilities of search engines, and the use of metadata both within and separate from Web documents. The new roles of librarians in the electronic environment are also discussed.
Culturing functional pancreatic islets on α5-laminins and curative transplantation to diabetic mice (2018)

The efficacy of islet transplantation for diabetes treatment suffers from lack of cadaver-derived islets, islet necrosis and long transfer times prior to transplantation. Here, we developed a method for culturing mouse and human islets in vitro on α5-laminins, which are natural components of islet basement membranes. Adhering islets spread to form layers of 1-3 cells in thickness and remained normoxic and functional for at least 7 days in culture. In contrast, spherical islets kept in suspension developed hypoxia and central necrosis within 16 h. Transplantation of 110-150 mouse islets cultured on α5-laminin-coated polydimethylsiloxane membranes for 3-7 days normalized blood glucose already within 3 days in mice with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. RNA-sequencing of isolated and cultured mouse islets provided further evidence for the adhesion and spreading achieved with α5-laminin. Our results suggest that use of such in vitro expanded islets may significantly enhance the efficacy of islet transplantation treatment for diabetes.
Discovery and Synthesis of a Phosphoramidate Prodrug of a Pyrrolo[2,1-<i>f</i>][triazin-4-amino] Adenine <i>C</i>-Nucleoside (GS-5734) for the Treatment of Ebola and Emerging Viruses (2017)

The recent Ebola virus (EBOV) outbreak in West Africa was the largest recorded in history with over 28,000 cases, resulting in >11,000 deaths including >500 healthcare workers. A focused screening and lead optimization effort identified 4b (GS-5734) with anti-EBOV EC<sub>50</sub> = 86 nM in macrophages as the clinical candidate. Structure activity relationships established that the 1'-CN group and C-linked nucleobase were critical for optimal anti-EBOV potency and selectivity against host polymerases. A robust diastereoselective synthesis provided sufficient quantities of 4b to enable preclinical efficacy in a non-human-primate EBOV challenge model. Once-daily 10 mg/kg iv treatment on days 3-14 postinfection had a significant effect on viremia and mortality, resulting in 100% survival of infected treated animals [ Nature 2016 , 531 , 381 - 385 ]. A phase 2 study (PREVAIL IV) is currently enrolling and will evaluate the effect of 4b on viral shedding from sanctuary sites in EBOV survivors.
DIALOGIC (1982)

The DIALOGIC system translates English sentences into representations of their literal meaning in the context of an utterance. These representations, or "logical forms," are intended to be a purely formal language that is as close as possible to the structure of natural language, while providing the semantic compositionality necessary for meaning-dependent computational processing. The design of DIALOGIC (and of its constituent modules) was influenced by the goal of using it as the core language-processing component in a variety of systems, some of which are transportable to new domains of application.
Polarisation-independent 100 Gbit/s all-opticaldemultiplexer using four-wave mixingin a polarisation-maintaining fibre loop (1994)

Polarisation-independent, stable 100 Gbit/s operation of an all-optical time-domain demultiplexer is demonstrated at 1.55 µm, using four-wave mixing frequency conversion in a polarisation-maintaining fibre loop. Error-free 100 to 6.3 Gbit/s demultiplexing is achieved by a 380 mW, 5.3 ps pulse pump from a modelocked Er3+-doped fibre ring laser. The conversion efficiency is 58 % and the polarisation dependency is less than 0.5 dB.
Shell-Restricted Swelling and Core Compression in Poly(<i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide) Core−Shell Microgels (2003)

We report on an investigation of the structural relationship between the core and shell components in stimuli-sensitive core/shell microgels. Photon correlation spectroscopy measurements indicate that the presence of the shell alters the extent of core swelling. Core particles composed of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) (pNIPAm-co-AAc) undergo volume changes as a function of temperature and pH, where deprotonation of the acidic sites results in a volume increase (particle swelling). The addition of a poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAm) shell restricts the core from swelling to its native volume both above and below the pKa of acrylic acid. Furthermore, the pH responsive core undergoes only small temperature-induced volume changes above the characteristic lower critical solution temperature (LCST) of pNIPAm (31 °C) at pH values where the acid groups are fully deprotonated. The addition of a pNIPAm shell results in compression of the core and induces a large volume change at the pNIPAm LCST. These effects are dependent on the degree of cross-linking in the core and shell. Particles synthesized with lower concentrations of N,N‘-methylenebis(acrylamide) display greater degrees of shell-restricted swelling and compression upon the addition of a pNIPAm shell with an identical cross-linker concentration. These results are interpreted in terms of a previously proposed radial cross-linker density gradient, which places topological restraints upon the core following shell addition.
Secure On-skin Biometric Signal Transmission using Galvanic Coupling (2019)

Increasing threats of malicious eavesdropping raise concerns in confidential data reporting by body-worn sensors. We propose a secure, body-guided transmission channel through the use of galvanic coupling (GC). This method involves injecting weak electrical current into the body, which propagates primarily through the skin. The proposed approach makes the transmission of biometric data impervious to sniffing attacks, enabling the body to serve as a waveguide. This paper makes the following contributions: (i) An analytical channel model using a tissue equivalent circuit of the human arm-wrist-palm GC-propagation path is formulated and empirically verified. (ii) A simulation study is conducted for a comparative analysis of various modulation schemes, leveraging the validated GC-channel behavior. (iii) A GC-transceiver with optimized communication parameters (modulation, frequency, power) is designed and implemented using a dielectrically equivalent tissue phantom, and (iv) through experimental trials, resilience to over-the-air susceptibility (i.e., likelihood of adversarial eavesdropping) of the GC-signal and similar body communication techniques are demonstrated. Performance results of the GC-transceiver prototype yield a bit error rate of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-6</sup> with a transmit power of -2dBm, in addition to over 7x reduction of signal radiation outside the body compared to capacitive coupling.