gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Conversation with Kalevi Aho (1992)

At the relatively young age of 43 (which his schoolboyish looks nonetheless belie), Kalevi Aho is one of the best-known of Finnish composers, with a substantial corpus of music to his credit – seven symphonies and other orchestral pieces, two operas and several smaller vocal works, three concertos (for violin, cello and for piano), and a healthy amount of chamber and instrumental music. I visited him in Helsinki last summer, in the offices of the Helsinki Festival, where he has a hand in the planning of the programmes, and remarked first on the richness and sheer vigour of Finnish musical life; anyone visiting Finland will be struck by the fact that it seems to have an awful lot of composers.
Hypotonic stress influence the membrane potential and alter the proliferation of keratinocytes in vitro (2007)

Keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation is strongly influenced by mechanical forces. We investigated the effect of osmotic changes in the development of HaCaT cells in culture using intracellular calcium measurements, electrophysiological recordings and molecular biology techniques. The application of hypotonic stress (174 mOsmol/l) caused a sustained hyperpolarization of HaCaT cells from a resting potential of -27 +/- 4 to -51 +/- 9 mV. This change was partially reversible. The surface membrane channels involved in the hyperpolarization were identified as chloride channels due to the lack of response in the absence of the anion. Cells responded with an elevation of intracellular calcium concentration to hypotonic stress, which critically depended on external calcium. The presence of phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate in the culture medium for 12 h augmented the subsequent response to hypotonic stress. A sudden switch from iso- to hypotonic solution increased cell proliferation and suppressed the production of involucrin, filaggrin and transglutaminase, markers of keratinocyte differentiation. It is concluded that sudden mechanical forces increase the proliferation of keratinocytes through alterations in their membrane potential and intracellular calcium concentration. These changes together with additional modifications in channel expression and intracellular signalling mechanisms could underlie the increased proliferation of keratinocytes in hyperproliferative skin diseases.
Semantic Service Bus: Architecture and Implementation of a Next Generation Middleware (2007)

In this paper we present a middleware for the service oriented architecture, called the Semantic Service Bus. It is an advanced middleware possessing enhanced features, as compared to the conventional service buses. It is distinguished by the fact that it uses semantic description of service capabilities, and requirements towards services to enable more elaborate service discovery, selection, routing, composition and data mediation. The contributions of the paper are the conceptual architecture of the Semantic Service Bus and a prototypical implementation supporting different semantic Web service technologies (OWL-S and WSMO) and conventional Web services. Since mission critical application scenarios (for SOA) involve complex orchestrations of services, we have chosen to utilize semantically annotated service orchestrations as the applications to employ this middleware.
Antibody-induced redistribution of Heymann antigen on the surface of cultured glomerular visceral epithelial cells: possible role in the pathogenesis of Heymann glomerulonephritis. (1985)

In this study we analyze the ability of antibodies that produce passive Heymann glomerulonephritis to induce antigen redistribution on the surface of cultured glomerular visceral epithelial cells (GEC). Polyclonal antibodies produced by immunization with membrane vesicles prepared from proximal tubule brush borders (BB) and polyclonal (rabbit) and monoclonal (mouse) antibodies to a membrane glycoprotein (gp 330) purified from epithelial cells of rat proximal tubule were used. The study by immunofluorescence of GEC kept at 4 degrees C or fixed with paraformaldehyde showed that the three antibody preparations reacted with the plasma membrane in a punctate pattern known to be due to staining of coated pits or coated vesicles on the cell surface. At 37 degrees C and, at a slower rate, at 22 degrees C, the two polyclonal antibodies induced a rapid clustering of antigen-antibody complexes on the nonadherent surface of living cultured GEC with subsequent formation of patches and caps and, after prolonged incubation, with temporary disappearance of Heymann antigen from the cell surface, so-called antigenic modulation. Antigen redistribution and modulation were inhibited by sodium azide, indicating that these processes are energy dependent. Monovalent Fab fragments of antibodies to BB vesicles did not alter the distribution of Heymann antigen unless they were subsequently cross-linked. Monoclonal anti-gp330 induced a modest degree of antigen redistribution, which was increased by subsequent cross-linking. Exposure of glomerular epithelial cells to cytochalasin B, colchicine, or ionophore A23187 prevented or altered antigen redistribution at 37 degrees C. Furthermore, the antibody-induced antigen redistribution was associated with changes in distribution of cytoplasmic actin, myosin, and tubulin, indicating that it is related to the contractile activity GEC. LEW rats, given i.v. injection of IgG directed against BB membrane vesicles, developed passive Heymann glomerulonephritis (i.e., immune deposits in the lamina rara externa of the glomerular basement membrane). In contrast, the glomeruli of rats exposed for longer periods to larger amounts of Fab fragments of the same antibodies failed to develop immune deposits. These studies show that the antibodies to the nephritogenic antigen of Heymann glomerulonephritis may induce a redistribution of immune complexes (IC) in the membrane of glomerular epithelial cells that is similar to that produced by other plasma membrane antigen-ligand interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Super-resolution of bar codes (2001)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.
TCE Remediation Using <i>In Situ</i>, Resting-State Bioaugmentation (1996)

A field test has demonstrated that an in situ biofilter using resting-state cells effectively remediated groundwater with about 425 ppb of trichloroethene (TCE) as the sole contaminant species. About 5.4 kg (dry weight equivalent) of a strain of methanotrophic bacteria (Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b) was suspended in 1800 L of groundwater (5.4 × 109 cells/mL) and injected into an aquifer through a single well at a depth of 27 m, several meters below the water table. The injected groundwater was devoid of TCE and growth substrates but was amended with a phosphate solution (10 mM) to buffer the pH and phenol red (20 μm) to act as a tracer. Approximately 50% of the injected bacteria attached to the sediments, forming an in situ, fixed-bed bioreactor of unknown geometry. Contaminated groundwater was subsequently withdrawn through the biofilter region by extracting at 3.8 L/min for 30 h and then at 2.0 L/min for the remaining 39 days of the field experiment. TCE concentrations in the extracted groundwater decreased from 425 to less than 10 ppb during the first 50 h of withdrawal, which is equivalent to a 98% reduction. TCE concentration extracted through the biofilter gradually increased to background values at 40 days when the experiment was terminated.
Synthetic Crystals of Silver with Carbon: 3D Epitaxy of Carbon Nanostructures in the Silver Lattice (2015)

Only minimum amounts of carbon can be incorporated into silver, gold, and copper in a thermodynamically stable form. Here, the structure of stable silver carbon alloys is described, which are produced by thermoelectrically charging molten silver with carbon ions. Transmission electron microscopy and Raman scattering are combined to establish that large amount of carbon is accommodated in the form of epitaxial graphene‐like sheets. The carbon bonds covalently to the silver matrix as predicted from density functional theory (DFT) calculations with bond energies in the range 1.1–2.2 eV per atom or vacancy. Graphitic‐like sheets embedded in the crystal lattice of silver form 3D epitaxial structures with the host metal with a strain of ≈13% compared to equilibrium graphene. The carbon nanostructures persist upon remelting and resolidification. A DFT‐based analysis of the phonon density of states confirms the presence of intense vibration modes related to the AgC bonds observed in the Raman spectra of the alloy. The solid silver–high carbon alloy, termed “Ag‐covetic,” displays room temperature electrical conductivity of 5.62 × 10 7 S m −1 even for carbon concentrations of up to ≈6 wt% (36 at%). This process of incorporation of carbon presents a new paradigm for electrocharging assisted bulk processing.
Ultra Deep Water Drilling Riser Design and Relative Technology (2002)

IFP has developed tools and technology to answer the waiting of contractors that wish to drill in deeper water depths, in harsher environment with higher mud weight. The methodology aims to optimise the riser design by proposing practical guidelines implemented by a software. To reduce unproductive time on the rig during the drilling, the Clip Riser has been developed. The main feature of the Clip Riser is the coupling which allows quick make-up of the riser. The clip technology is a unique design which does not require bolts, threads or any preloading in operation. To reduce drillship deckload and required tensioning capacity, the hybrid tubes have been developed to replace the existing 4 1/2 ID (114. 3 mm) steel kill and choke lines by lighter tubes. The hybrid tubes are 50% lighter than equivalent all steel lines. Advantages of this technology will be presented in this paper. To improve axial behavior of the riser and riser architecture, hyperstatic integration of choke and kill lines have been studied. This consists in fixing the auxiliary lines at each riser joint so that they can participate to the axial resistance of the riser. Advantages of this system will be presented in this paper. Finally, the technological developments should answer the waiting of contractors and will further expand the range of application of standard riser systems and make them well suited for ultra deep drilling in very harsh operational and oceanographic environments.
[Biological properties of antibiotic-resistant strains of lactic acid bacteria]. (1979)

Lactic-acid bacteria (L. fermenti, L. acidophilus, L. delbruecki), when developing resistance to antibiotics, did not change their main biochemical, antagonistic properties and did not lose capacity for acid production. Only a decrease in their growth rate and a change in their sensitivity to the action of ultraviolet radiation were observed. Both initial and antibiotic-resistant strains were capable of taking on the mucous membrane of the large and small intestines in CBA mice.
Metallization for direct solder interconnection of power devices (2002)

Inside the state-of-the-art power modules, interconnection of power devices is accomplished with wire bonds, which are prone to noise, parasitic oscillations, fatigue and eventual failure. The objective of this research is to design direct solder interconnection technique for power electronics modules by eliminating the use of wire bonds. To eliminate wire bonds by using solder interconnects on the power devices, such as Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistors (IGBTs) for enhanced electrical and thermal performances, we need to have solderable contact pads on the device. Currently, the IGBT manufacturers use aluminum contact pads, which are not solderable. Consequently, we have implemented a few under bump metallization (UBM) schemes on contact pads of individual IGBT dice. In this paper, a detailed description of the solderable metallization processes (thin film sputtering of Ti-Ni-Cu and Cr-Cu-Au, and electroless deposition of Zn-Ni-Au) on an IXYS IGBT (IXGD40N60A) is presented. XPS, SEM and EDX results are used to characterize the underbump metallurgy processes. Metallized IGBTs have been packaged with solder interconnects and have been electrically tested. High-power electrical tests on the solder-interconnected devices are also presented in the paper.
Target pharmacology of topiramate, a new antiepileptic drug. (2000)

Topiramate is a novel antiepileptic drug, a fructopyranose derivative. In animal studies, topiramate suppresses maximal electroshock seizures, whereas it does not exert inhibitory effects on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures. Since topiramate hardly affects the threshold of the seizure, topiramate has been believed to be a type of antiepileptic drug that blocks spread of seizures. Thus far, the mechanisms of its actions have been proven to include use-dependent inhibition of voltage-dependent Na+ channels in neurons, potentiation of GABA (gamma-amino-butyric acid)-induced Cl- influx, and inhibitory effects on inward currents by antagonizing kainate/alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors. In clinical studies conducted overseas, topiramate has been demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of partial seizures etc. In 55 countries including UK and USA, topiramate has been already approved for the clinical use as a drug for partial seizures, while a phase III study has been planned in Japan, using patients with symptomatic localization-related epilepsies.
Survey and Thought on Graduates' Repayment Awareness of Student Loan in Agricultural Universities and Colleges (2011)

To find out graduates' repayment awareness of student loan,we conducted a questionnaire survey for those graduates who applied for student loan in Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering.The survey has following results.First,the national student loan plays an important role in assisting poor students in finishing their study.Second,graduates value social function of personal credit.Third,trustworthiness education activities carried out by colleges and universities are effective.Fourth,economic income is a major factor of graduates repaying capital with interest.Fifth,bank's student loan management system is not perfect.Sixth,the national student loan system remains to be improved.In line with these results,we put forward five countermeasures and suggestions:strengthen the trustworthiness education of students;standardize the credit investigation management of students' personal credit;establish student information management mechanism;standardize banks' payment reminder administration behavior;and perfect national student loan system.
Spin valves using Perovskite antiferromagnets as the pinning layers (1999)

Spin-values having large MR ratios and high thermal stability are required for GMR heads. Spin-valves using NiO[1-2] or a-Fe2O3[3-4] as the pinning layers showed large MR ratios owing to the specular scattering effect[1]. However the thermal stability of these spin-valves is not sufficiently high[5]
Penalized regression, standard errors, and Bayesian lassos (2010)

Penalized regression methods for simultaneous variable selection and coefficient estimation, especially those based on the lasso of Tibshirani (1996), have received a great deal of attention in recent years, mostly through frequentist models. Properties such as consistency have been studied, and are achieved by different lasso variations. Here we look at a fully Bayesian formulation of the problem, which is flexible enough to encompass most versions of the lasso that have been previously considered. The advantages of the hierarchical Bayesian formulations are many. In addition to the usual ease-of-interpretation of hierarchical models, the Bayesian formulation produces valid standard errors (which can be problematic for the frequentist lasso), and is based on a geometrically ergodic Markov chain. We compare the performance of the Bayesian lassos to their frequentist counterparts using simulations, data sets that previous lasso papers have used, and a difficult modeling problem for predicting the collapse of governments around the world. In terms of prediction mean squared error, the Bayesian lasso performance is similar to and, in some cases, better than, the frequentist lasso.
High-density haplotyping with microarray-based expression and single feature polymorphism markers in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2006)

Expression microarrays hybridized with RNA can simultaneously provide both phenotypic (gene expression) and genotypic (marker) data. We developed two types of genetic markers from Affymetrix GeneChip expression data to generate detailed haplotypes for 148 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) derived from Arabidopsis thaliana accessions Bayreuth and Shahdara. Gene expression markers (GEMs) are based on differences in transcript levels that exhibit bimodal distributions in segregating progeny, while single feature polymorphism (SFP) markers rely on differences in hybridization to individual oligonucleotide probes. Unlike SFPs, GEMs can be derived from any type of DNA-based expression microarray. Our method identifies SFPs independent of a gene's expression level. Alleles for each GEM and SFP marker were ascertained with GeneChip data from parental accessions as well as RILs; a novel algorithm for allele determination using RIL distributions capitalized on the high level of genetic replication per locus. GEMs and SFP markers provided robust markers in 187 and 968 genes, respectively, which allowed estimation of gene order consistent with that predicted from the Col-0 genomic sequence. Using microarrays on a population to simultaneously measure gene expression variation and obtain genotypic data for a linkage map will facilitate expression QTL analyses without the need for separate genotyping. We have demonstrated that gene expression measurements from microarrays can be leveraged to identify polymorphisms across the genome and can be efficiently developed into genetic markers that are verifiable in a large segregating RIL population. Both marker types also offer opportunities for massively parallel mapping in unsequenced and less studied species.
Toward more accurate quartz cement models: The importance of euhedral versus noneuhedral growth rates (2008)

Existing quartz cement models assume that the rate of growth per unit surface area is independent of grain size. Application of one such model to four geologically diverse data sets reveals a systematic error with grain size such that values in finer grained sandstones are overpredicted. Our laboratory synthesis of quartz overgrowths indicates that this grain-size effect results from the more rapid development of euhedral crystal forms on smaller grains. Experiments show that the rate of growth along the quartz c axis drops by a factor of about 20 after euhedral faces develop. Our numerical simulations of quartz growth in two dimensions indicate that this euhedral effect should be significant in sandstones despite the complexity that arises from the interaction of multiple growing crystals and small pore sizes. Simulations also suggest that this phenomenon is responsible for the common observation that quartz overgrowths are less extensively developed on chert and polycrystalline grains compared to monocrystalline grains. This euhedral effect may also explain the common observation that quartz growth rates are significantly faster on fracture surfaces compared to detrital grain surfaces. Most sand grains have well-developed dust rims that reflect minor adhesions of nonquartz materials or damage from surface abrasions or impacts. Our numerical and laboratory experiments indicate that such small-scale discontinuities dramatically reduce initial rates of quartz growth because they break overgrowths into separate smaller crystal domains that are bounded by euhedral faces. The paucity of nucleation discontinuities on fracture surfaces should lead to substantially faster rates of growth compared to grain surfaces.
Brushless DC motor control without position and speed sensors (1992)

A new control strategy for a brushless DC motor without position and speed sensors is presented. The control is performed by software using the DSP-TMS320C25. The prototype has been constructed using a 1.5 kW, 154 V, 2000 r/min, four-pole motor. The test results have been satisfactory in both steady and transient states.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The multicast capacity of deterministic relay networks with no interference (2006)

The multicast capacity is determined for networks that have deterministic channels with broadcasting at the transmitters and no interference at the receivers. The multicast capacity is shown to have a cut-set interpretation. It is further shown that one cannot always layer channel and network coding in such networks. The proof of the latter result partially generalizes to discrete memoryless broadcast channels and is used to bound the common rate for problems where one achieves a cut bound on throughput.
Designing Adaptable Learning Resources with Learning Object Patterns (2005)

Constructing courses of study from learning objects is an attractive proposition, but for this to be feasible learning objects need to be designed to be reusable. While considerable work has been done in producing technical standards to promote compatibility in learning objects, more work is required in designing learning objects for reuse. Aspects of cohesion, coupling and freedom from specific contexts can be used in designs to help ensure that learning objects are reusable, and these aspects can be captured as design patterns that may be employed to produce reusable designs for learning objects. However, the requirements for reusability may be in conflict with those for effective learning so the patterns used must ensure that the learning objects constructed are adaptable to different contexts and remain pedagogically sound within those contexts. The paper shows how patterns can be used to create learning resources that are both reusable and adaptable.
Nonaqueous chemical etch for YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> (1988)

A nonaqueous chemical etch, with Br as the active ingredient, is described which removes the insulating hydroxides and carbonates that form on high-temperature superconductor surfaces as a result of atmospheric exposure. X-ray photoemission spectra have been recorded before and after etching YBa2Cu3O7−x films. It is found that, after the etch, the high binding energy O 1s and Ba 3d peaks associated with surface contaminants are greatly reduced, the Y:Ba:Cu ratio is close to the expected 1:2:3, and the oxidation state of the Cu(2+) is not affected. The resistance of an etched film reaches zero at 78 K, compared to 81 K for a similar unetched film. The suitability of other nonaqueous halogen-based etches is discussed, as is the applicability of this etch to other high Tc superconductors.
Understanding diagnostic tests 1: sensitivity, specificity and predictive values (2007)

Sensitivity and specificity are important measures of the diagnostic accuracy of a test but cannot be used to estimate the probability of disease in an individual patient. Positive and negative predictive values provide estimates of probability of disease but both parameters vary according to disease prevalence.