gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ID-based cryptographic schemes for user identification, digital signature, and key distribution (1993)

In 1984, A. Shamir introduced the concept of an identity-based cryptosystem. In this system, each user needs to visit a key authentication center (KAC) and identify himself before joining a communication network. Once a user is accepted, the KAC will provide him with a secret key. In this way, if a user wants to communicate with others, he or she only needs to know the identity of his communication partner and the public key of the KAC. There is no public file required in this system. However, Shamir did not succeed in constructing an identity-based cryptosystem, but only in constructing an identity-based signature scheme. The authors here propose three identity-based cryptographic schemes based on the discrete logarithm problem: the user identification scheme, the digital signature scheme, and the key distribution scheme. The schemes are based on the digital signature scheme of G.B. Agnew et al. (1990), which is reviewed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Backbone Chemical Composition and Monomer Sequence Effects on Phenylene Polymer Persistence Lengths (2019)

Despite a vast body of the literature devoted to the use of phenylene polymers in the fabrication of graphene nanoribbons, the study of the physical properties of these precursors still poses open questions whose answers will certainly contribute to the design of more efficient/precise synthesis protocols. Particularly, persistence length measurements combined with size exclusion chromatography techniques assign both semiflexible to semirigid structures depending on the molecular weight of the precursor (NaritaNat. Chem.2014, 6, 126-132). Peculiarly, these results suggest an apparent structural change upon increasing the length of the polymers. To address this puzzle, we use single-chain models to study the stiffness of polyphenylene precursors in a theta-like solvent as a function of chain composition and monomer sequence. Steric effects are isolated by considering random walk chains with segment length distributions and the position of monomers determined by the nature of the arene substitution along the backbone. Moreover, two homopolymer limiting cases are defined, that is, meta and para sequences, by associating two types of monomers to each possible substitution pattern. We consider, within these two limiting cases, chains with different compositions and monomer sequences. We compute persistence lengths, mean square end-to-end distances, and gyration and hydrodynamic radii. We find that distinct values of the persistence length for apparently the same chain chemistry are the result of different mixing ratios and the arrangement along the chain of the two positional isomers of the same monomer. Finally, we discuss the relation between two-dimensional density of the number of crossings and the length of polyphenylene segments as they would occur upon strong chain adsorption onto a substrate.
A programmable interface language for heterogeneous distributed systems (1987)

The 1980s have witnessed the emergence of a new architecture for computing based on networks of personal computer workstations. The performance requirements of such systems of workstations places a strain on traditional approaches to network architecture. The integration of diverse systems into this environment introduces functional compatibility issues that are not present in homogeneous networks. Effective prescriptions for functional compatibility, therefore, must go beyond the communication paradigms used in present distributed systems, such as remote procedure calls. This paper proposes a distributed system architecture in which communication follows a programming paradigm. In this architecture a programming language provides remote service interfaces for the heterogeneous distributed system environment. This language is a flexible and efficient medium for implementing service function protocols. In essence, clients and servers communicate by programming one another.
Advanced High Dynamic Range Imaging (2011)

Imaging techniques seek to simulate the array of light that reaches our eyes to provide the illusion of sensing scenes directly. Both photography and computer graphics deal with the generation of images. Both disciplines have to cope with the high dynamic range in the energy of visible light that human eyes can sense. Traditionally photography and
Modulation of botulinum neurotoxin A catalytic domain stability by tyrosine phosphorylation (2004)

Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNT A) is a substrate of the Src family of tyrosine kinases. Here, we report that the BoNT A light chain (LC) is phosphorylated in the tyrosine-71 located at N-terminus. Covalent modification of this residue notably increases the thermal stability of the endopeptidase activity, without affecting its catalytic efficacy. Similarly, mutation of this residue specifically affected the protein stability but not its endopeptidase function. Fusion of the Tat-translocating domain to the N-terminus of the enzyme produced a cell permeable, functional enzyme, as evidenced by immunocytochemistry and by the cleavage of cytosolic SNAP25 in intact PC12 cells. Noteworthy, truncation of cellular SNAP25 was reduced in cells when the Src kinase activity was inhibited with a specific antagonist, implying that tyrosine phosphorylation of BoNT A LC modulates the in vivo proteolytic activity of the neurotoxin. Taken together, these findings substantiate the tenet that tyrosine phosphorylation of BoNT A LC could be an important modulatory strategy of the neurotoxin stability and suggest that the phosphorylated neurotoxin may be a relevant molecule in vivo.
A new specimen preparation method for cross-section TEM using diamond powders (1999)

Journal Article A new specimen preparation method for cross-section TEM using diamond powders Get access Masahiro Kawasaki, Masahiro Kawasaki * 1JEOL LtdAkishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan *To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kawasaki@jeol.co.jp Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Tadanori Yoshioka, Tadanori Yoshioka 2JEOL High-Tech Ltd.Akishima, Tokyo 196-0022, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Makoto Shiojiri Makoto Shiojiri 3Kyto Institute of TechnologyMatsugasaki, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8585 Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Electron Microscopy, Volume 48, Issue 2, 1999, Pages 131–137, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jmicro.a023659 Published: 01 January 1999 Article history Received: 28 August 1998 Accepted: 24 December 1998 Published: 01 January 1999
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Studies on N‐Alkoxyamines: A Mild and Broadly Applicable Route Starting from Nitroxide Radicals and Aldehydes. (2009)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
V(D)J Recombinase Activity in a Subset of Germinal Center B Lymphocytes (1997)

Reexpression of the V(D)J recombinase-activating genes RAG1 and RAG2 in germinal center B cells creates the potential for immunoglobulin gene rearrangement and the generation of new antigen receptor specificities. Intermediate products of V(D)J recombination are abundant in a subset of germinal center B cells, demonstrating that the kappa immunoglobulin light-chain locus becomes a substrate for renewed V(D)J recombinase activity. This recombinationally active cell compartment contains many heavy-chain VDJ rearrangements that encode low-affinity or nonfunctional antibody. In germinal centers, secondary V(D)J recombination may be induced by diminished binding to antigen ligands, thereby limiting abrupt changes in receptor specificity to B cells that are usually eliminated from the germinal center reaction. This restriction preserves efficient antigen-driven selection in germinal centers while allowing for saltations in the somatic evolution of B cells.
AN EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF A GNSS+AIDED COURSE GUIDANCE TECHNIQUE FOR GENERAL AVIATION (2005)

This paper presents an experimental evaluation of course guidance technique that uses the aircraft's velocity vector to assist the general aviation pilot in following a course. This velocity vector-based approach to course guidance greatly simplifies the pilot's task of maintaining a desired track, especially in the presence of wind. Until recently, such guidance has been solely available to transport-category aircraft using expensive inertial reference systems, and the accuracy of other available navigation systems have not been suitable to derive an aircraft's velocity vector for guidance applications. Emerging technologies such as the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), however, offer the capability to derive an aircraft's velocity vector, along with several other useful navigation parameters, at a reasonable and justifiable cost. Two types of GNSS-based course guidance displays are presented, and a piloted simulation experiment to evaluate the algorithm and displays is described. In this experiment, pilots executed a series of 20 minute flights culminating in a holding pattern and a VOR approach. In some of the flights the pilots used traditional radio navigation instruments, and in others they used variations of the GNSS-aided displays. Results indicate that pilot navigation performance improved significantly when using the GNSSaided displays, and that many mental errors associated with traditional VOR-based navigation were largely eliminated. Several specific guidance display features were also evaluated for usefulness and for impact on pilot performance.
The role of Malassezia species in the ecology of human skin and as pathogens. (1998)

The new taxonomic structure of the lipophilic genus Malassezia was presented with key characteristics for the seven described species. Among techniques used for epidemiological surveys, the pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was found to be of little value in contrast to randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Immunological studies still yielded conflicting results but at least the immunomodulatory capacity of Malassezia yeasts appeared to be related to the cell wall lipids. A review of Malassezia infections together with the present consensus for their prevention and treatment was also made.
SOI and nanoscale MOSFETs (2002)

SOI may facilitate the fabrication of two attractive scalable MOSFET structures. Ultra-thin body FET has been demonstrated at 20 nm gate length, using low-barrier silicide S/D, with selectively deposited Ge raised S/D, on bulk substrate, or with Si-Ge channel. FinFET is a simple double gate FET with excellent performance and can be scaled to below 10 nm gate length-a candidate as the ultimate CMOS device. Adjusting the threshold voltage of a device with very thin body is challenging although several novel methods have been suggested.
Understanding how Product Attributes Influence Product Categorization: Development and Validation of Fuzzy Set-Based Measures of Gradedness in Product Categories (1999)

Products vary in the degree to which they are members of product categories. Understanding how product attributes influence product categorization is important for marketing decisions about product development, brand extension, and product positioning. Existing attribute-level measures of product attitude emphasize evaluation rather than categorization. Measures of category membership either are at the overall product level or emphasize feature-based attributes, whereas product attributes are often continuous in nature. A comprehensive approach for conceptualizing product categorization is provided by fuzzy set theory, with its basic postulate that no clear boundaries exist between members and nonmembers of a fuzzy set. The authors conceptualize product categories as fuzzy sets in which products have degrees of membership along specific attributes, argued to arise as a result of the degree to which a product possesses an attribute. Two fuzzy set-based measures of category membership are developed that assess gradedness of category membership at the attribute level, which is then combined across attributes to reach overall measures of gradedness for a product. The results of a study demonstrate the validity of these measures and illustrate important attribute-level analyses that are not possible with existing approaches.
The Mixed Lineage Leukemia (MLL) Fusion–Associated Gene <i>AF4</i> Promotes CD133 Transcription (2012)

Abstract The AC133 epitope has been used as a marker for both normal and cancer stem cells from multiple tissue lineages. To identify transcription factors that regulate CD133 expression, we conducted parallel large-scale RNA interference screens in Caco-2 cancer cells that endogenously express CD133 and in engineered HEK293 cells that express CD133 from a heterologous promoter. The transcription factor AF4 was identified following a comparative analysis between the two screens. We then showed that AF4 is a promoter of CD133 transcription in multiple cancer cell lines. Knockdown of AF4 resulted in a dramatic reduction in CD133 transcript levels. Importantly, a subset of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemias (ALL) harbor a fusion oncogene results from a chromosomal translocation that juxtaposes the mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL) gene and the AF4 gene. An investigation of the functional role of CD133 in the MLL-AF4–dependent ALL cells revealed that CD133 was required for leukemia cell survival. Together, our findings show AF4-dependent regulation of CD133 expression, which is required for the growth of ALL cells. CD133 may therefore represent a therapeutic target in a subset of cancers. Cancer Res; 72(8); 1929–34. ©2012 AACR.
Instrument for Continuous Measurement of Low Concentrations of Oxygen in Gases (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInstrument for Continuous Measurement of Low Concentrations of Oxygen in GasesGunther CohnCite this: Anal. Chem. 1947, 19, 11, 832–835Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60011a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60011a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views29Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hypericin inhibits choroidal endothelial cell proliferation and cord formation in vitro (1997)

Hypericin inhibits bovine choroidal endothelial cell proliferation and cord formation and choroidal endothelial cell protein kinase C activity. These results suggest that hypericin should be further investigated in animal models for its potential to inhibit subretinal neovascularization.
[Cold and warm thermoregulation by oropharynx area and esophagus]. (2000)

The isothermation of coldness and heat would work through the same mechanism: the mucosa vasodilatation and the increase of blood flow. This hypothesis would be valid for all the mucosa of the digestive tract. This mechanism could be altered in inflammatory diseases. Iced water washings on bleeding wounds be counter-productive. The persistence of extreme temperatures in the environment modifies the structure of the esophagus mienteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus). Frequent ingestion of fluids above 60 degrees C would be a predisponent factor for esophagus cancer.
Feasibility model of a flexible business customer premises network (1992)

The results of the activity on the feasibility model of a broadband customer premises network developed in the RACE 1011 Project ‘Business customer premises network’ (BCPN) are presented. The model represents a selected subset of the system architecture building blocks specified by the project. It has been physically implemented, with the aim of verifying the preferred topology (developed with attention to evolution aspects) and validating the key features of the system concept. In particular, the transmission and interface functions, the ATM test terminal built by the project and the router for interconnecting a standard Ethernet are described.
Short Notices (1968)

Short Notices Get access P. M. H. BELL P. M. H. BELL University of Liverpool Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXXIII, Issue CCCXXVII, April 1968, Pages 438-b–438, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXXIII.CCCXXVII.438-b Published: 01 April 1968
Complex regulation controls Neurogenin3 proteolysis (2012)

The ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) is known to be responsible for the rapid turnover of many transcription factors, where half-life is held to be critical for regulation of transcriptional activity. However, the stability of key transcriptional regulators of development is often very poorly characterised. Neurogenin 3 (Ngn3) is a basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor that plays a central role in specification and differentiation of endocrine cells of the pancreas and gut, as well as spermatogonia and regions of the brain. Here we demonstrate that Ngn3 protein stability is regulated by the ubiquitin proteasome system and that Ngn3 can be ubiquitylated on lysines, the N-terminus and, highly unusually, on non-canonical residues including cysteines and serines/threonines. Rapid turnover of Ngn3 is regulated both by binding to its heterodimeric partner E protein and by the presence of cdk inhibitors. We show that protein half-life does appear to regulate the activity of Ngn3 in vivo, but, unlike the related transcription factor c-myc, ubiquitylation on canonical sites is not a requirement for transcriptional activity of Ngn3. Hence, we characterise an important new level of Ngn3 post-translational control, which may regulate its transcriptional activity.
Compostability of Bioplastic Packaging Materials: An Overview (2007)

Packaging waste accounted for 78.81 million tons or 31.6% of the total municipal solid waste (MSW) in 2003 in the USA, 56.3 million tons or 25% of the MSW in 2005 in Europe, and 3.3 million tons or 10% of the MSW in 2004 in Australia. Currently, in the USA the dominant method of packaging waste disposal is landfill, followed by recycling, incineration, and composting. Since landfill occupies valuable space and results in the generation of greenhouse gases and contaminants, recovery methods such as reuse, recycling and/or composting are encouraged as a way of reducing packaging waste disposal. Most of the common materials used in packaging (i.e., steel, aluminum, glass, paper, paperboard, plastics, and wood) can be efficiently recovered by recycling; however, if packaging materials are soiled with foods or other biological substances, physical recycling of these materials may be impractical. Therefore, composting some of these packaging materials is a promising way to reduce MSW. As biopolymers are developed and increasingly used in applications such as food, pharmaceutical, and consumer goods packaging, composting could become one of the prevailing methods for disposal of packaging waste provided that industry, governments, and consumers encourage and embrace this alternative. The main objective of this article is to provide an overview of the current situation of packaging compostability, to describe the main mechanisms that make a biopolymer compostable, to delineate the main methods to compost these biomaterials, and to explain the main standards for assessing compostability, and the current status of biopolymer labeling. Biopolymers such as polylactide and poly(hydroxybutyrate) are increasingly becoming available for use in food, medical, and consumer goods packaging applications. The main claims of these new biomaterials are that they are obtained from renewable resources and that they can be biodegraded in biological environments such as soil and compost. Although recycling could be energetically more favorable than composting for these materials, it may not be practical because of excessive sorting and cleaning requirements. Therefore, the main focus is to dispose them by composting. So far, there is no formal agreement between companies, governments and consumers as to how this packaging composting will take place; therefore, the main drivers for their use have been green marketing and pseudo-environmental consciousness related to high fuel prices. Packaging compostability could be an alternative for the disposal of biobased materials as long as society as a whole is willing to formally address the challenge to clearly understand the cradle-to-grave life of a compostable package, and to include these new compostable polymers in food, manure, or yard waste composting facilities.
Substrate Integrated Waveguide-to-Microstrip Transition in Multilayer Substrate (2007)

This paper presents a novel transition between a microstrip line and a substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) in a multilayer substrate design environment. In order to achieve a low-loss broadband response, the transition, consisting of a tapered or multisectional ridged SIW and a tapered microstrip line, is modeled and designed by simultaneously considering both impedance matching and field matching. Characteristic impedance and guided wavelength calculated by using closed-form expressions based on a transverse resonant method are used to develop our design procedure. Effective broad bandwidth is obtained in two examples developed in this study, which are validated with simulated and measured results. This transition provides a simple way to design substrate integrated circuits with buried microstrip circuits in the multilayer substrate in which any ratio of impedance transform can be anticipated.
Axino Mass in Supergravity Models (1995)

We analyze the mass of the axino, the fermionic superpartner of the axion, in general supergravity models incorporating a Peccei--Quinn--symmetry and determine the cosmological constraints on this mass. In particular, we derive a simple criterion to identify models with an LSP--axino which has a mass of $O(m_{3/2}^2/f_{PQ})=O($keV) and can serve as a candidate for (warm) dark matter. We point out that such models have very special properties and in addition, the small axino mass has to be protected against radiative corrections by demanding small couplings in the Peccei--Quinn--sector. Generically, we find an axino mass of order $m_{3/2}$. Such masses are constrained by the requirement of an axino decay which occurs before the decoupling of the ordinary LSP. Especially, for a large Peccei--Quinn--scale $f_{PQ}>10^{11}$ GeV this constraint might be difficult to fulfill.