gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Suppression of Antiviral Silencing by Cucumber Mosaic Virus 2b Protein in <i>Arabidopsis</i> Is Associated with Drastically Reduced Accumulation of Three Classes of Viral Small Interfering RNAs (2007)

We investigated the genetic pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana targeted during infection by cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b protein, known to suppress non-cell-autonomous transgene silencing and salicylic acid (SA)-mediated virus resistance. We show that 2b expressed from the CMV genome drastically reduced the accumulation of 21-, 22-, and 24-nucleotide classes of viral small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) produced by Dicer-like4 (DCL4), DCL2, and DCL3, respectively. The defect of a CMV 2b-deletion mutant (CMV-Delta2b) in plant infection was efficiently rescued in Arabidopsis mutants producing neither 21- nor 22-nucleotide viral siRNAs. Since genetic analysis further identifies a unique antiviral role for DCL3 upstream of DCL4, our data indicate that inhibition of the accumulation of distinct viral siRNAs plays a key role in 2b suppression of antiviral silencing. Strikingly, disease symptoms caused by CMV-Delta2b in Arabidopsis mutants defective in antiviral silencing were as severe as those caused by CMV, demonstrating an indirect role for the silencing suppressor activity in virus virulence. We found that production of CMV siRNAs without 2b interference depended largely on RNA-dependent RNA polymerase 1 (RDR1) inducible by SA. Given the known role of RDR6-dependent transgene siRNAs in non-cell-autonomous silencing, our results suggest a model in which 2b inhibits the production of RDR1-dependent viral siRNAs that confer SA-dependent virus resistance by directing non-cell-autonomous antiviral silencing.
Time-resolved immunofluorometric assay of p53 protein (1995)

A common feature of human tumor tissue is mutant p53 protein accumulation. Here we evaluate a new "sandwich" immunoassay for p53 protein incorporating modifications to a previously reported method, including the use of microtiter plates coated directly with the anti-p53 monoclonal antibody DO-1, a detergent- and mouse serum-containing sample diluent, and a labeled secondary antibody diluent containing goat serum. The use of CM-1 antiserum to probe the immunocaptured p53 and the detection of bound complexes by a labeled secondary antibody allows coupling to a time-resolved fluorescence detection system. The new assay yielded p53 concentrations comparable with those by the previous assay for breast tumor cytosols (n = 198), nondiseased breast tissues (n = 70), and five transformed cell lines, but showed differences in p53 values measured in sera from patients without cancer (n = 78). These serum differences were found to reflect nonspecific interferences affecting the original method, which implies that the new immunoassay has improved specificity for serum p53 quantification.
Equity in Math and Science: A Technology-Supported Teaching and Learning Model (2008)

In this article, I propose a technology-supported teaching and learning model that aims to bridge the gender gap identified in areas such as mathematics and science. Further, this model promotes collaboration between teacher educators and K-12 teachers. The focus of technology is on the use of video conferencing. This model is further tested by a government funded 3-year project using design-based research paradigm.
A highly strained (/spl lambda/=1.12 /spl mu/m) GaInAs/GaAs VCSEL on GaAs (311)B substrate exhibiting stable polarization (2000)

We have demonstrated a 1.12 /spl mu/m highly strained GaInAs/GaAs QWs VCSELs grown on a GaAs (311)B substrate. Those wells have the In content of 33% and 2.3% strain. The threshold current is 0.9 mA. These VCSELs also show large polarization stability with OPSR of 25 dB, we can expect these VCSELs can maintain a large OPSR under high-speed operation. We are elongating the wavelength toward 1.3 /spl mu/m and apply the device to high-speed silica-fiber based LANs.
Thermal Properties of Starch in Corn Variants Isolated After Chemical Mutagenesis of Inbred Line B73 (1999)

ABSTRACT The starch from eight ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) treated M4 families of the corn ( Zea mays L.) inbred line B73 was analyzed using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), a Rapid Visco Analyser (RVA), a texture analyzer (TA), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with image analysis. The eight families were chosen from 144 families previously selected for having starch with unusual DSC parameters. Apparent amylose contents of the starch from the eight families generally were lower than that of the control. According to DSC, starches from mutagenized families tended to have lower onset temperature ( T 0 ) of gelatinization, enthalpy (Δ H ) of gelatinization, and peak height index (PHI), but broader gelatinization range ( R ) than the B73 control. Their values for Δ H and percentage of retrograzdation (% R ) were clustered around that of the control. Pasting properties from the RVA of the starches from the M4 families also were clustered around those of the control B73 starch, except for the setback values which were lower than B73 for M4 starches. Gel firmness values, as measured by TA, of all the M4 starches were generally lower than that of the B73 starch at storage treatments of one day at 25°C or seven days at 4°C. The stickiness of the gels of the M4 starches tended to be greater than that of B73 after seven days of storage at 4°C. These observations were consistent with the lower apparent amylose values for the M4 starches. SEM and image analysis data revealed no differences among the treatments in granule size and shape. Possibly, EMS treatment altered the genes, affecting internal structure of the starch granules. Starch from the mutagenized families likely had lower bonding forces among molecules and fewer long chains in the amylopectin molecules than did B73.
Characterisation and modelling of artificial light interference in optical wireless communication systems (2002)

Wireless indoor infrared transmission systems are affected by noise and interference induced by natural and artificial ambient light. While the shot noise induced on the receiver photodiode by steady ambient light has been extensively described and included in system models, the interference produced by artificial light has only been mentioned as a source of degradation and quite simple descriptions have been presented. This paper presents a characterisation (through extensive measurements) of the interference produced by artificial light and proposes a simple model to describe it. These measurements show that artificial light can introduce significant in-band components for systems operating at bit rates up to several Mbit/s. Therefore it is essential to include it as part of the optical wireless indoor channel. The measurements show that fluorescent lamps driven by solid state ballasts produce the wider band interfering signals, and are then expected to be the more important source of degradation in optical wireless systems.
Poster abstract: MaWi: A hybrid Magnetic and Wi-Fi system for scalable indoor localization (2014)

We present MaWi - a smart phone based scalable indoor localization system. Central to MaWi is a novel framework combining two self-contained but complementary localization techniques: Wi-Fi and Ambient Magnetic Field. Combining the two techniques, MaWi not only achieves a high localization accuracy, but also effectively reduces human labor in building fingerprint databases: to avoid war-driving, MaWi is designed to work with low quality fingerprint databases that can be efficiently built by only one person. Our experiments demonstrate that MaWi, with a fingerprint database as scarce as one data sample at each spot, outperforms the state-of-the-art proposals working on a richer fingerprint database.
Adrenomedullin Protects Against Myocardial Apoptosis After Ischemia/Reperfusion Through Activation of Akt-GSK Signaling (2003)

Adrenomedullin (AM) is a potent vasoactive peptide and plays an important role in cardiovascular function. In this study, we delivered the AM gene locally into the heart, using a catheter-based technique to investigate the signaling mechanism mediated by AM in protection against cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by acute ischemia/reperfusion. After adenovirus-mediated gene delivery, highly efficient and specific expression of luciferase, green fluorescent protein, or recombinant human AM was identified in the left ventricle. Delivery of the AM gene 5 days before ischemia/reperfusion attenuated myocardial apoptosis identified by in situ dUTP nick-end labeling and DNA laddering, and the effect was blocked by the AM antagonist human calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP 8 to 37). AM gene transfer increased phosphorylation of Akt and glycogen synthase kinase (GSK-3beta) but reduced GSK-3beta and caspase-3 activities in the heart. The effects of AM on GSK-3beta and caspase-3 activities were blocked by CGRP (8-37) and by adenovirus containing dominant-negative Akt (DN-Akt). Furthermore, in cultured cardiomyocytes, AM also attenuated apoptosis induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation, which was accompanied by increased phospho-GSK-3beta but reduced GSK-3 and caspase-3 activities. GSK-3 and caspase-3 activities were both blocked by Ad.DN-Akt and lithium, whereas only caspase-3 was inhibited by its inhibitor Z-VAD. The effects of AM on anti-apoptosis and promoting cell viability were blocked by DN-Akt but not by constitutively active Akt, lithium, or Z-VAD. These results indicate that AM protects against cardiomyocyte apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion injury through the Akt-GSK-caspase signaling pathway.
Solubility, Entropy and Partial Molal Volumes in Solutions of Gases in Non-polar Solvents (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubility, Entropy and Partial Molal Volumes in Solutions of Gases in Non-polar SolventsJ. E. Jolley and J. H. HildebrandCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 5, 1050–1054Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01538a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01538a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views329Altmetric-Citations81LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Iridoid Biosynthesis: 7-Deoxyloganetic Acid 1-O-Glucosyltransferase in Cultured Lonicera japonica Cells. (2002)

Iridoid 1-O-glucosylation enzyme activities of crude cell-free extracts prepared from loganin-producing plants and nonproducing cultured cells were comparatively examined. Crude cell-free extracts from Lonicera japonica cell suspension cultures glucosylated 7-deoxyloganetic acid, 7-deoxyloganetin, and loganetin, but not iridotrial, an intermediate just preceding 7-deoxyloganetic acid. Crude cell-free extracts from Hydrangea macrophylla young leaves also glucosylated 7-deoxyloganetin and loganetin, whereas those from cultured cells induced from iridoid-nonproducing plants did not show any iridoid glucosylation activity. The partially purified glucosyltransferase from L. japonica cells showed the highest glucosylation activity for loganetin. However, kinetic studies showed that Km values for 7-deoxyloganetic acid, 7-deoxyloganetin, and loganetin were 106μM, 561μM, and 660μM, respectively, indicating that the enzyme had the highest affinity to 7-deoxyloganetic acid. These data suggest the presence of a pathway for the biosynthesis of loganin, in which 7-deoxyloganetic acid is glucosylated at the 1-O position to give 7-deoxyloganic acid, which is further hydroxylated and methylated to produce loganin.
The preparation of substrates for film deposition using glow discharge techniques (1979)

Substrates for film deposition can be cleaned and/or modified in a variety of ways by various sputtering techniques, but this can be done controllably only by careful attention to all of the possible effects that can occur. In this review the known effects are summarised. Some of the system configurations that can be used are described. The physical and chemical sputtering effects are emphasised. These include rates of material removal and recontamination, backscattering, redeposition, trenching, faceting, cone formation, formation of altered surface layers, dissociation of compounds, diffusion, sublimation, ion implantation, crystallographic damage and radiation damage.
A study of dead data members in C++ applications (1998)

Object-oriented applications may contain data members that can be removed from the application without affecting program behavior. Such "dead" data members may occur due to unused functionality in class libraries, or due to the programmer losing track of member usage as the application changes over time. We present a simple and efficient algorithm for detecting dead data members in C++ applications. This algorithm has been implemented using a prototype version of the IBM VisualAge C++ compiler, and applied to a number of realistic benchmark programs ranging from 600 to 58,000 lines of code. For the non-trivial benchmarks, we found that up to 27.3% of the data members in the benchmarks are dead (average 12.5%), and that up to 11.6% of the object space of these applications may be occupied by dead data members at run-time (average 4.4%).
Fast pedestrian detection with multi-scale orientation features and two-stage classifiers (2010)

In this paper, we propose an approach for fast pedestrian detection in images. Inspired by the histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) features, a set of multi-scale orientation (MSO) features are proposed as the feature representation. The features are extracted on square image blocks of various sizes (called units), containing coarse and fine features in which coarse ones are the unit orientations and fine ones are the pixel orientation histograms of the unit. A cascade of Adaboost is employed to train classifiers on the coarse features, aiming to high detection speed. A greedy searching algorithm is employed to select fine features, which are input into SVMs to train the fine classifiers, aiming to high detection accuracy. Experiments report that our approach obtains state-of-art results with 12.4 times faster than the SVM+HOG method.
Recovering 3D motion of multiple objects using adaptive Hough transform (1997)

We present a method to determine 3D motion and structure of multiple objects from two perspective views, using adaptive Hough transform. In our method, segmentation is determined based on a 3D rigidity constraint. Instead of searching candidate solutions over the entire five-dimensional translation and rotation parameter space, we only examine the two-dimensional translation space. We divide the input image into overlapping patches, and, for each sample of the translation space, we compute the rotation parameters of patches using least-squares fit. Every patch votes for a sample in the five-dimensional parameter space. For a patch containing multiple motions, we use a redescending M-estimator to compute rotation parameters of a dominant motion within the patch. To reduce computational and storage burdens of standard multidimensional Hough transform, we use adaptive Hough transform to iteratively refine the relevant parameter space in a "coarse-to-fine" fashion. Our method can robustly recover 3D motion parameters, reject outliers of the flow estimates, and deal with multiple moving objects present in the scene. Applications of the proposed method to both synthetic and real image sequences are demonstrated with promising results.
Expression of mammalian gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors with distinct pharmacology in Xenopus oocytes. (1991)

Gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA), the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in mammalian brain, is known to interact with two classes of GABA receptors denoted GABAA and GABAB. Using Xenopus oocytes, we compared the electrical and pharmacological properties of GABA receptors expressed by poly(A)+ RNA isolated from mammalian brain and retina. RNA from cerebral cortex expressed GABA responses with features characteristic of currents mediated by GABAA receptors. In contrast, RNA from retina expressed responses mediated by GABAA receptors and, in addition, GABA responses that were insensitive to the GABAA antagonist bicuculline and the GABAB agonist baclofen and showed no modulation by barbiturates or benzodiazepines. The bicuculline/baclofen-insensitive GABA response was a Cl- current that was blocked by picrotoxin but showed little desensitization or outward rectification. Our results suggest that mammalian retina contains RNAs encoding GABA receptors with distinct pharmacology.
A Membrane‐Free Redox Flow Battery with Two Immiscible Redox Electrolytes (2017)

Flexible and scalable energy storage solutions are necessary for mitigating fluctuations of renewable energy sources. The main advantage of redox flow batteries is their ability to decouple power and energy. However, they present some limitations including poor performance, short-lifetimes, and expensive ion-selective membranes as well as high price, toxicity, and scarcity of vanadium compounds. We report a membrane-free battery that relies on the immiscibility of redox electrolytes and where vanadium is replaced by organic molecules. We show that the biphasic system formed by one acidic solution and one ionic liquid, both containing quinoyl species, behaves as a reversible battery without any membrane. This proof-of-concept of a membrane-free battery has an open circuit voltage of 1.4 V with a high theoretical energy density of 22.5 Wh L<sup>-1</sup> , and is able to deliver 90 % of its theoretical capacity while showing excellent long-term performance (coulombic efficiency of 100 % and energy efficiency of 70 %).
Molecular Cloning and Sequence Analysis of the Gene Encoding the H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>-forming NADH Oxidase from<i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (1994)

Streptococcus mutans induces both H2O2-forming and H2O-forming NADH oxidases in the presence of O2 [M. Higuchi, J. Gen. Microbiol., 130, 1819-1826 (1984)]. In this paper, a nox-1 gene encoding H2O2-forming NADH oxidase (NOX-1) from Streptococcus mutans was cloned, and the nucleotides sequenced. The structural gene of nox-1 consisted of 1530 base pairs, which encode a polypeptide consisting of 510 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 55,196 Da. The deduced N-terminal amino acid sequence was consistent with that previously found for the purified NOX-1 protein. The nox-1 gene was expressed in Escherichia coli using its own promoter. Alignment of the amino acid sequence of NOX-1 with those of NADH oxidases from other microorganisms showed identities of 55.6%, 20.8%, 20.3%, and 7.3% for those of Amphibacillus xylanus Ep01, Streptococcus faecalis 10C1, Thermoanaerobium brockii Rt8.G4, and Thermus thermophilus HB8, respectively.
An Infinite Series for π with Determinants (1984)

This can be proved with some geometry and calculus. A quarter of the area of a circle of unit radius can be expressed as the sum of an infinite series: 7T 4 =O+2?A,+2lA2+2 2A3+ * * 2tz-Sl where the Ai (i = 0,1, 2, ...) are the areas of the isosceles triangles indicated in FIGURE 1. Let Q and PO be the points (1,0) and (0,1), respectively, and Pt, be the apex of the triangle of area A (n?>1). Po = I P a P2
Dopant redistribution in silicides: Materials and process issues (1984)

The need to understand dopant redistribution in refractory metal silicides is important for reliable fabrication of polycide gates and other silicide-containing structures in VLSI devices. This paper will review work on dopant redistribution in silicides with emphasis on polycide structures. Of particular concern is the high-temperature sintering step required to form stable silicide and polycide structures. Results from conventional furnace sintering indicate that dopants can diffuse rapidly through certain silicides. The use of rapid thermal processing techniques to minimize dopant redistribution during the sintering step will also be reviewed. One conclusion is that our understanding of dopant redistribution in refractory metal silicides is limited and additional studies are required.
Broadband Light Out‐Coupling Enhancement of Flexible Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes Using Biomimetic Quasirandom Nanostructures (2014)

Flexible organic light‐emitting diodes are gaining increasing importance as a leading technology for high‐quality displays and lighting in wearable electronics due to their low power consumption, excellent color gamut, and the desirable mechanical flexibility with soft materials and curvilinear surfaces. However, further enhancements in efficiency are still challenging because of the optical confinement and limited light out‐coupling efficiency. Here, a simple and wavelength‐independent light extraction scheme is demonstrated using the biomimetic quasirandom nanostructures that can simultaneously enhance the out‐coupling of the waveguided light and allow the minimized ohmic losses without spectral distortion. Compared to periodic grating structures, the nanoimprinted quasirandom nanostructures can broaden the periodicity and randomize the emission directionality, leading to the superiority of color stability over the visible wavelength range for a large variation of viewing angles. The resulting external quantum efficiency and current efficiency are 1.51 and 1.43 times that of a conventional flexible organic light‐emitting diode used as a comparison, respectively.