gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Breakfast Cereals and How They Are Made (2000)

Cereals & Grains Association is a nonprofit organization dedicated to advancing the knowledge and understanding of cereal grain science through research leadership, education, superior technical service, and advocacy.
Hormones and feed intake (1983)

During the several decades that hormones have been considered for roles in the control of feeding, certain ones have gained special attention, although the role assigned to any one hormone has varied from time to time. Three classes of hormones have been considered in this review: gastrointestinal, brain, and pancreatic. Of these classes, two have obtained the most compelling evidence for a physiological role in the control of feeding. CCK, an intestinal and brain hormone, appears to be involved in satiety. Glucagon of pancreatic origin appears also to play an important role in satiety. These hormones, when sequestered by a specific antibody, cause a delay in satiety and thus increase food intake. Insulin, another pancreatic hormone, has been considered for several roles in the control of feeding. Recently, attention has been given to the possibility that insulin of the CSF provides an integrated link between the metabolic state of the adipose tissue and the brain structures concerned with the control of feeding. Thus, insulin may be a primary hormone involved in the maintenance of energy balance or of body-weight. Finally, brain opiate peptides, e.g. dynorphin, are very likely involved in the transmission of information concerned with the interaction of feeding and maintenance of energy balance. Clearly, hormones play primary roles in the control of feeding behaviour and the regulation of energy balance, but much remains to be done to establish their specific actions or components of the associated physiological systems.
Gain-assisted superluminal propagation in coupled optical resonators (2004)

We predict superluminal pulse propagation in co-resonant coupled optical resonators, when a gain element is placed in the resonator closest to the excitation waveguide, provided the resonator farthest from the excitation waveguide is under-coupled.
Clinical trial: comparison of ibuprofen‐phosphatidylcholine and ibuprofen on the gastrointestinal safety and analgesic efficacy in osteoarthritic patients (2008)

Ibuprofen-PC is an effective osteoarthritic agent with an improved GI safety profile compared with ibuprofen in older OA patients, who are most susceptible to NSAID-induced gastroduodenal injury.
Analyzing the ecosystem of malicious URL redirection through longitudinal observation from honeypots (2017)

Today, websites are exposed to various threats that exploit their vulnerabilities. A compromised website will be used as a stepping-stone and will serve attackers' evil purposes. For instance, URL redirection mechanisms have been widely used as a means to perform web-based attacks covertly; i.e., an attacker injects a redirect code into a compromised website so that a victim who visits the site will be automatically navigated to a malware distribution site. Although many defense operations against malicious websites have been developed, we still encounter many active malicious websites today. As we will show in the paper, we infer that the reason is associated with the evolution of the ecosystem of malicious redirection. Given this background, we aim to understand the evolution of the ecosystem through long-term measurement. To this end, we developed a honeypot-based monitoring system, which specializes in monitoring the behavior of URL redirections. We deployed the monitoring system across four years and collected more than 100K malicious redirect URLs, which were extracted from 776 distinct websites. Our chief findings can be summarized as follows: (1) Click-fraud has become another motivation for attackers to employ URL redirection, (2) The use of web-based domain generation algorithms (DGAs) has become popular as a means to increase the entropy of redirect URLs to thwart URL blacklisting, and (3) Both domain-flux and IP-flux are concurrently used for deploying the intermediate sites of redirect chains to ensure robustness of redirection. Based on the results, we also present practical countermeasures against malicious URL redirections. Security/network operators can leverage useful information obtained from the honeypot-based monitoring system. For instance, they can disrupt infrastructures of web-based attack by taking down domain names extracted from the monitoring system. They can also collect web advertising/tracking IDs, which can be used to identify the criminals behind attacks.
Expression and Purification of Recombinant Proteins Using the pET System (2003)

The pET System is the most powerful system yet developed for the cloning and expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli Target genes are cloned in pET plasmids under control of strong bacteriophage T7 transcription and (optionally) translation signals, expression is induced by providing a source of T7 RNA polymerase in the host cell (1-2). T7 RNA polymerase is so selective and active that almost all of the cell's resources are converted to target gene expression; the desired product can comprise more than 50% of the total cell protein after a few hours of induction. Another important benefit of this system is its ability to maintain target genes transcriptionally silent in the uninduced state. Target genes are initially cloned using hosts that do not contain the T7 RNA polymerase gene, thus eliminating plasmid instability caused by the production of proteins potentially toxic to the host cell. Once established in a nonexpression host, plasmids are then transferred into expression hosts containing a chromosomal copy of the T7 RNA polymerase gene under lacUV5 control, and expression is induced by the addition of IPTG. Two types of T7 promoter and several hosts that differ in then- stringency of suppressing basal expression levels are available, providing great flexibility and optimizing the expression of a wide variety of target genes. This chapter describes the vectors, hosts, and basic protocols for cloning, expression, and purification of target proteins in the pET System.
MR velocity mapping of tricuspid flow: Correction for through‐plane motion (1997)

We evaluated the effect of through-plane motion on tricuspid flow measurements performed with MR velocity mapping in nine normal subjects and 15 patients with possible right ventricular (RV) disease. Eight parameters of RV diastolic function were derived from the tricuspid flow measurements, both before and after a correction for through-plane motion. Measurements of E-peak, A-peak, and time-to-peak filling rate changed significantly after correction for through-plane motion (P < .05). Tricuspid flow as a marker of RV diastolic function should be corrected for the effect of through-plane motion to improve functional evaluation of the RV.
Nanofluidics in hollow nanowires (2010)

We present a novel scheme for producing nanotube membranes using free-standing hollow nanowires, with easily controllable dimensions. GaAs-AlInP core-shell nanowires were grown by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy and were partially embedded in a polymer film. The GaAs core and substrate were etched selectively, leaving tubes with open access to both sides of the membrane. Electrophoretic transport of T4-phage DNA through the hollow nanowires was demonstrated using epifluorescence microscopy.
Polyphenols and Glycemic Control (2016)

Growing evidence from animal studies supports the anti-diabetic properties of some dietary polyphenols, suggesting that dietary polyphenols could be one dietary therapy for the prevention and management of Type 2 diabetes. This review aims to address the potential mechanisms of action of dietary polyphenols in the regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity based on in vitro and in vivo studies, and to provide a comprehensive overview of the anti-diabetic effects of commonly consumed dietary polyphenols including polyphenol-rich mixed diets, tea and coffee, chocolate and cocoa, cinnamon, grape, pomegranate, red wine, berries and olive oil, with a focus on human clinical trials. Dietary polyphenols may inhibit α-amylase and α-glucosidase, inhibit glucose absorption in the intestine by sodium-dependent glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1), stimulate insulin secretion and reduce hepatic glucose output. Polyphenols may also enhance insulin-dependent glucose uptake, activate 5' adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), modify the microbiome and have anti-inflammatory effects. However, human epidemiological and intervention studies have shown inconsistent results. Further intervention studies are essential to clarify the conflicting findings and confirm or refute the anti-diabetic effects of dietary polyphenols.
NEWLY DISCOVERED REDOX COFACTORS: Possible Nutritional, Medical, and Pharmacological Relevance to Higher Animals (1998)

Research spurred by the discovery of pyrroloquinoline quinone (PPQ) in 1979 led to the discovery of four additional oxidation-reduction (redox) cofactors, all of which result from transmogrification of amino acyl side chains in respective enzymes. These cofactors are (a) topa quinone in copper-containing amine oxidases, enzymes found in nearly all forms of life, including human; (b) lysyl topa quinone of the copper protein lysyl oxidase, an enzyme required for proper cross-linking of collagen and elastin; (c) tryptophan tryptophylquinone of alkylamine dehydrogenases from gram-negative soil bacteria; and (d) the copper-complexed cysteinyltyrosyl radical of fungal galactose oxidase. Originally, PQQ was thought to be a covalently bound cofactor in numerous enzymes from eukaryotes and prokaryotes. Today, PQQ is only found as a noncovalent cofactor in bacterial enzymes. The ubiquity of PQQ in the environment and its steady accessibility in the human diet has raised questions concerning its role as a vitamin, or an essential or helpful nutrient. The relevance to nutrition, medicine, and pharmacology of PQQ, topa quinone, lysyl topa quinone, tryptophan trytophylquinone, the galactose oxidase cofactor, and the enzymes harboring these cofactors are discussed in this review.
Basic dyes in the staining of DNA-phosphate groups and DNA-aldehyde molecules in cell nuclei. (1982)

A novel method is presented for the staining of cell nuclei with aqueous solutions of Janus blue, methylene blue, and Janus red in tissue sections from which RNA has been extracted selectively with cold phosphoric acid. Not only this, DNA-aldehyde molecules can also be stained when tissue sections from which RNA has been extracted are then hydrolysed in 6 N hydrochloric acid at 30 degrees C for 15 min followed by staining with Janus blue, methylene blue, and Janus red. Following staining with any of these dyes, sections can be dried between folds of filter paper and then treated with n-butanol or passed through grades of ethanol, cleared in xylene and mounted. Staining with Janus blue has been considered to be metachromatic, particularly in the sections of the rectum in which glycogen stains blue-black and the nuclei purplish. An aqueous solution of methylene blue does also stain glycogen blue with similar colour of the nuclei while with Janus red both the nuclei as well as glycogen stain red. The in situ absorption spectra of the nuclei stained with the dyes mentioned, after selective extraction of RNA, reveal peaks of maximum absorption at 560-570 nm (Janus blue), at 600 and 640 nm (methylene blue), and at 530 nm (Janus red). Those of nuclei stained for DNA-aldehyde molecules are at 560 nm (Janus blue), at 600 and 630 nm (methylene blue), and at 520 nm (Janus red). Possible significance of these findings has been discussed.
A visual inspection system for drug tablets (2011)

To inspect drug tablets with one-dose package (ODP), we propose an automated inspection system which based on computer vision. In the proposed system, we capture both-side of tablets at once and apply hierarchical identification. In this paper, we repot several results of preliminary experiments, which distinguish 100 kinds of naked tablets. As a result, we have achieved hundred-percent recognition rate and discuss its robustness.
Immigration Policy and Economic Growth (1989)

The impact of immigration on economic welfare and social stability has been the subject of controversy in the English-speaking world since the sixteenth century. Tudor monarchs, colonial governors, and American presidents have generally supported liberal entry laws on the premise that they spur economic development. This is understandable, as a large and growing economy confers political benefits on its national leaders, both domestically and in foreign affairs. The British Parliament and the American Congress, however, reflecting the mood of a populace typically more concerned with social stability than with aggregate economic growth, have frequently taken a less sanguine view of aliens.
Differential sensitivity of bacterial 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthases to the herbicide glyphosate (1985)

The potent inhibition of the shikimate pathway enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase by the broad-spectrum herbicide glyphosate (N-[phosphonomethyl]glycine) was confirmed for the enzymes extracted from various bacteria, a green alga and higher plants. However, 5 out of 6 species belonging to the genus Pseudomonas were found to have EPSP synthases with a 50- to 100-fold decreased sensitivity to the inhibitor. Correspondingly, growth of these 5 species was not inhibited by 5 mM glyphosate, and the organisms did not excrete shikimate-3-phosphate in the presence of the herbicide.
An enhanced data compression method for applications in power quality analysis (2002)

This paper presents an enhanced method for data compression using a wavelet transform, to be applied in power systems signals for quality evaluation. The proposed approach is based on a previous estimation of the sinusoidal components of the signal under analysis, so that it could be subtracted from the original data in order to generate a transient type signal, which is subsequently applied to the compression techniques. The approach employs the Kalman filter and the adaptive notch filter techniques to provide the estimation of the sinusoidal components. Taking into account the wavelet property of sparse representation makes an improvement in the compression rate and in the signal degradation is attained. Finally, a proposed frame format to store the coded signal is presented.
Mechanism for the formation of methylglyoxal from triosephosphates (1993)

Conference Article| May 01 1993 Mechanism for the formation of methylglyoxal from triosephosphates J. P. Richard J. P. Richard 1Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506–0055, U.S.A. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1993) 21 (2): 549–553. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210549 Article history Received: December 15 1992 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation J. P. Richard; Mechanism for the formation of methylglyoxal from triosephosphates. Biochem Soc Trans 1 May 1993; 21 (2): 549–553. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0210549 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search Keywords: B, general base, d-, l-GAP, d-, l-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, DHAP, dihydroxyacetone phosphate This content is only available as a PDF. © 1993 Biochemical Society1993 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Failure mode and effects analysis (1996)

Discusses the implementation of failure mode and effects analysis (FMEA) for both product design and process control. FMEA is implemented in two ways to ensure that the reliability requirements are met for the production of an airbag inflator. Design FMEA is performed to generate a process control plan, visual aids, and a process verification list. Design FMEA and process FMEA are integrated through reliability prediction and supplier PPM reports. The supplier PPM reports contain the information that can be employed to update the probabilities used in design FMEA. The results of reliability predictions are fed back to eliminate the design weakness. Demonstrates the integrated procedure of the FMEA approach and discusses the relationships among useful tools.
Synthesis of high metal‐complexation linear elastomers containing <i>sym‐</i>1,2,4,5‐tetrazine rings (2009)

Abstract We report the synthesis of polyurethane‐urea elastomers containing 1,2,4,5‐tetrazine covalently reacted within the main chains of the polymers. Our study investigates the synthesis of 3,6‐diamino‐1,2,4,5‐tetrazine (DAT), the polymerization reaction conditions for reacting DAT into the backbone of segmented polyurethane elastomers, and the metal‐complexation capabilities of tetrazine‐containing elastomers with cobalt (II) chloride. Tetrazines are highly colored and electro‐active heterocyclic moieties, which have a very high electron affinity which make them reducible at high to very high potentials. Upon complexation with metals, we observed a strong color shift of the polymers from deep red to blue indicating the binding efficacy for the polymers. We quantified the metal‐complexation capability of the tetrazine elastomers and determined a molar ratio of approximately two metal atoms per tetrazine allowing us to provide a plausible complexation mechanism for the active polymers. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
10-Deacetylbaccatin III Analogues from Taxus baccata (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT10-Deacetylbaccatin III Analogues from Taxus baccataBruno Gabetta, Paolo de Bellis, Roberto Pace, Giovanni Appendino, Luciano Barboni, Elisabetta Torregiani, Pierluigi Gariboldi, and Davide ViterboCite this: J. Nat. Prod. 1995, 58, 10, 1508–1514Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 July 2004Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/np50124a005https://doi.org/10.1021/np50124a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views292Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Visual-vestibular processing deficits in mild traumatic brain injury (2017)

Postural and visual-vestibular tasks most closely linked to spatial and self-motion perception had the greatest discriminatory outcomes. The current findings suggest that mesencephalic and parieto-occipital centers and pathways may be involved in concussion.
A profile on the FoundationFocus CDxBRCA tests (2020)

<b>Introduction</b>: Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors, including rucaparib, are the only targeted class of therapeutics approved for recurrent epithelial ovarian carcinoma with a predictive biomarker. Currently, three different PARP inhibitors are approved for either the treatment of ovarian cancer or maintenance of remission following chemotherapy. The Foundation Focus CDxBRCA is an FDA-cleared next-generation sequencing tumor tissue assay that detects somatic and sometimes germline mutations in <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> genes.<b>Areas covered</b>: The authors discuss the evolution of the ovarian cancer genomic testing landscape relative to PARP inhibition, with a focus on Foundation Focus CDxBRCA and CDxBRCA Loss of Heterozygosity (LOH), the complementary diagnostics (CDx) to rucaparib.<b>Expert opinion</b>: Relatively early in PARP inhibitor development, women with somatic and/or germline mutations in the <i>BRCA1</i> and <i>BRCA2</i> genes were found to have higher response rates to PARP inhibitors with longer durability than women who were <i>BRCA</i> wildtype. Other measures of homologous recombination deficiency including LOH have proven to be predictive biomarkers also. Because PARP biomarkers are genomic and complex, co-development of high-performance companion diagnostics was a high priority. The Foundation Focus test began as a next-generation sequencing assay capable of detecting germline (gBRCA) and somatic (sBRCA) mutations that predict response to rucaparib treatment. The addition of LOH to the assay was validated by a clinical trial supporting expansion of the Rucaparib FDA label to include maintenance of chemotherapy response.
Gastric emptying of nondigestible solids in dogs: a hydrodynamic correlation (1990)

The influence of particle size, particle density, fluid viscosity, and fluid flow rate on the gastric emptying of nondigestible solids was investigated in five dogs with chronically placed fistulas. Six hundred and fifty particles of 13 different size and density combinations were administered simultaneously with 500 ml of either normal saline or low-, medium-, or high-viscosity polymer solutions. The canine stomach was found to discriminate between these solids on the basis of size and density at all levels of viscosity above saline. The observed patterns of emptying are consistent with the hypothesis that gastric emptying of nondigestible solids is governed in part by hydrodynamics and correlate well with the gastric-emptying coefficient (GEC), a dimensionless grouping of variables that takes the form GEC = (Dpy/Dp) [g(rho f - rho p)Dp2]/[eta (nu)] where [g(rho f - rho p)] is particle buoyancy consisting of fluid (rho f) and particle (rho p) densities and g, the gravitational constant; (Dp) is the particle diameter, (Dpy) the estimated pyloric diameter, eta the fluid viscosity, and (nu) the average linear velocity of fluid exiting the stomach.
Construct Differentiation and Person-Centred Regulative Messages (1991)

This research examined the effect of interpersonal construct differentiation and legitimate authority on several facets of regulative message design: the number of message strategies persuaders use, the way in which persuaders conceive the persuadee's behaviour problem, and the way persuaders defend their proposals to their persuadees. In Study 1 undergraduates responded to two situations requiring them to regulate the behaviour of a subordinate. In Study 2 undergraduates responded to one of three regulative situations that cast them into the role of peer or supervisor. In both studies highly differentiated persuaders conceived the problem and defended their proposal in more symbolicallycoordinated ways than less differentiated persuaders. Study 2 found that the correlational relationships did not differ as a function of the legitimate authority existing between the persuader and persuadee. Study 3 found that the correlational relationships could be substantially accounted for by the number of targetrelevant goals and the message-focused conception of persuasion the persuader possessed.