gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a Fluorogenic Probe Based on a DNA Staining Dye for Continuous Monitoring of the Histone Deacetylase Reaction (2014)

We designed a simple, rapid, and continuous method for the detection of the activity of histone deacetylases (HDACs), which are key enzymes involved in epigenetic gene regulation, using a DNA-based fluorogenic probe. We designed and synthesized a fluorogenic probe, BOXTO-GK(Ac)G, which is a DNA staining dye-peptide conjugate containing an acetylated lysine. The DNA-dependent fluorescence of BOXTO-GK(Ac)G was greatly enhanced upon deacetylation of the acetylated lysine moiety, owing to the increased DNA binding ability of the probe. The HDAC reaction was detected through a simple procedure that combined this probe with DNA. Our detection system monitored the enzymatic reaction in real time and could be applied to the inhibition assay. These findings demonstrated that our system might be a useful tool for the analysis of HDAC function and for the evaluation of the inhibitor potencies of drug candidates that target HDACs.
Electrical Drives in Intelligent Vehicles: Basis for Active Driver Assistance Systems (2005)

Drive-by-wire systems have been establishing the technological basis that is opening opportunities for the development of new driver assistance and safety systems, making it possible even for a computer to drive or park a car. Electrical drives represent the heart of such systems and are also becoming a trend in relation to distributed electrical traction systems in hybrid and electrical vehicles. This work presents an overview of electrical drives in intelligent vehicles. The article brings also a discussion about the reliability, production and maintenance costs of different types of electrical drives that can be used in such automotive applications.
Preparation of an acrylic‐grafted polyester and its aqueous dispersion: Grafting utilizing alternating copolymerization (1999)

An investigation was undertaken to develop a new method to obtain fine dispersion of grafted polyester without gelation. As a new method, grafting utilizing alternating copolymerization of hydrophilic polymers to unsaturated polyester was discussed. By use of grafting utilizing alternating copolymerization, the reaction tendency of grafted polymer radical for an unsaturated bond of the polyester was changed. The grafting utilizing alternating copolymerization was compared with the conventional grafting, and the calculated grafting efficiency is about twice. Moreover, it was possible to increase the incorporation of less reactive monomers into the grafted side chain by the grafting utilizing alternating copolymerization. From the above results, the grafting utilizing alternating copolymerization is considered a useful method to prepare grafted polymers. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 74: 1395–1403, 1999
Synthesis and study of novel polyol‐bound photosensitizers for cationic UV‐curable systems (2006)

Abstract Novel cationic intramolecular hydrogen abstraction photosensitizers (IHA‐PSs) based on a proposed intramolecular hydrogen abstraction photosensitization (IHAP) mechanism were synthesized and found to have a pronounced photosensitization effect in cycloaliphatic epoxide based cationic UV‐curable systems using sulfonium salt photoinitiators. A series of polyol‐based photosensitizers were synthesized with naphthalene attached. One photosensitizer, P‐Na, was found to have a more pronounced photosensitization effect in three different formulation systems, as revealed by real‐time Fourier transform infrared and differential photocalorimetry experiments. Such a phenomenon can be explained by a proposed facile IHAP mechanism, which is possible only with the unique molecular structure of P‐Na. The effect of P‐Na was further confirmed by comparison with two non‐polyol‐type photosensitizers. A designed IHA‐PS molecule was synthesized with the proposed principles ofthe IHAP mechanism, and it achieved a photosensitization effect similar to that of P‐Na with a much lower molecular weight and fewer hydroxyl groups per molecule. This further validated the proposed IHAP mechanism. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 4435–4449, 2006
Inner nuclear membrane protein Ima1 is dispensable for intranuclear positioning of centromeres (2011)

Inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins play a role in spatial organization of chromosomes within the nucleus. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, Sad1, an INM protein of the conserved SUN-domain family, plays an active role in moving chromosomes along the nuclear membranes during meiotic prophase. Ima1 is another conserved INM protein recently identified. A previous study claimed that Ima1 is essential for mitotic cell growth, linking centromeric heterochromatin to the spindle-pole body. However, we obtained results contradictory to the previously proposed role for Ima1: Ima1 was dispensable for mitotic cell growth or centromere positioning. This discrepancy was attributed to incorrect ima1 deletion mutants used in the previous study. Our results show that Ima1 collaborates with two other conserved INM proteins of the LEM-domain family that are homologous to human Man1 and Lem2. Loss of any one of three INM proteins has no effect on mitotic cell growth; however, loss of all these proteins causes severe defects in mitotic cell growth and nuclear membrane morphology. Considering that all three INM proteins interact with Sad1, these results suggest that Ima1, Lem2 and Man1 play at least partially redundant roles for nuclear membrane organization.
SERS optical fiber probe with plasmonic end‐facet (2016)

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a surface‐sensitive technique that can enhance the intensity of Raman signal by several orders of magnitude, enabling even the detection of single molecule. This work presents the experimental and theoretical studies of an optical fiber probe with nano‐structured end‐facet for bio‐sensing applications via SERS. The factors affecting the intensity of Raman signal passing through the fiber probe are investigated. These factors include the numerical aperture of the objective lens, the slit width of the spectrometer, the fiber length, and the size of SERS nano‐array. The Raman signal loss through fiber compared with optical microscope‐based free‐space Raman detection is estimated. To further enhance the SERS enhancement factor, a hybrid graphene/Au nano‐triangle structure is transferred on the end‐facet of the fiber probe to enable SERS. Superimposing graphene layer on Au nano‐structure is found to be superior over bare Au nano‐structure in terms of the detection sensitivity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Acute-Phase Concentrations of Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-Binding Protein Inhibit Innate Immune Cell Activation by Different LPS Chemotypes via Different Mechanisms (2004)

The chain length of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a crucial factor for host-pathogen interaction during bacterial infection. While rough (R)-type and smooth (S)-type LPSs have been shown to differ in their ability to interact with the bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, little is known about the differential mode of interaction with the acute-phase reactant LPS-binding protein (LBP). At lower concentrations, LBP catalyzes the binding of LPS to CD14 and enhances LPS-induced cellular activation via Toll-like receptor 4. In humans, however, concentrations of LBP in serum increase during an acute-phase response, and these LBP concentrations exhibit inhibitory effects in terms of cellular activation. The mechanisms of inhibition of LPS effects by LBP are not completely understood. Here, we report that human high-dose LBP (hd-LBP) suppresses binding of both R-type and S-type LPS to CD14 and inhibits LPS-induced nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB, although cellular uptake of R-type LPS was found to be increased by hd-LBP. In contrast, we found that hd-LBP enhanced the binding and uptake of S-type LPS only under serum-free conditions, whereas in the presence of serum, hd-LBP inhibited cellular binding and uptake. This inhibitory effect of serum could be mimicked by the addition of purified high-density lipoprotein (HDL) to serum-free medium, indicating an LBP-mediated transfer of preferentially S-type LPS to plasma lipoproteins such as HDL. A complete understanding of the host's mechanisms to modulate the proinflammatory effects of LPS will most likely help in the understanding of inflammation and infection and may lead to novel therapeutic intervention strategies.
Direct Patterning of Copper on Polyimide Using Ion Exchangeable Surface Templates Generated by Site-Selective Surface Modification (2004)

We demonstrate site-selective chemical surface modification by dispensing potassium hydroxide solution onto polyimide, which confines source metallic ions that can subsequently be used in resist- and mask-free fabrication of copper circuit patterns. Metallization can be achieved by a wet chemical method, providing control over metal/polymer interfacial structures. Because the approach is compatible with other existing printing technologies and much simpler than conventional lithography-based methods, we propose that the present surface template method may be of general application in fabrication of metallized polymers as well as in development of integrated circuits with a variety of electronic circuit elements.
Hysterosalpingography in the investigation of women requesting reversal of sterilization. Should it play a role? (2008)

The prevalence of abnormalities of the proximal oviductal segment identified by HSG is too low to warrant the routine use of HSG as a diagnostic tool.
Self-Organizing Agents for Grid Load Balancing (2005)

A computational grid is a wide-area computing environment for cross-domain resource sharing and service integration. Resource management and load balancing are key concerns when implementing grid middleware and improving resource utilization. Grid resource management can be implemented as a multiagent system with resource advertisement and discovery capabilities if job requests from users are associated with explicit QoS requirements. In this work agent-based self-organization is proposed to perform complementary load balancing for batch jobs with no explicit execution deadlines. In particular, an ant-like self-organizing mechanism is introduced and proved to be powerful to achieve overall grid load balancing through a collection of very simple local interactions. A modeling and simulation environment is developed to enable performance of the ant algorithm to be investigated quantitatively. Simulation results included in this work illustrate the impact of different performance optimization strategies on the overall system load balancing level, speed and efficiency.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex genetic diversity: mining the fourth international spoligotyping database (SpolDB4) for classification, population genetics and epidemiology (2006)

Our results broaden the knowledge of the global phylogeography of the MTC complex. SpolDB4 should be a very useful tool to better define the identity of a given MTC clinical isolate, and to better analyze the links between its current spreading and previous evolutionary history. The building and mining of extended MTC polymorphic genetic databases is in progress.
Improving Strategy in Robot Soccer Game by Sequence Extraction (2014)

Robot Soccer is a very attractive platform in terms of research. It contains a number of challenges in the areas of robot control, artificial intelligence and image analysis. This article presents a look at the overall architecture of the game and describes some results of our experiments in analysis and optimization of strategies using sequence extraction. We have extracted sequences of game situations from the log of a game played in our simulator, as they occurred during the game. Afterwards, these sequences were compared by methods LCS, LCSS and T-WLCS, which are usually used for sequence comparison in the sequence alignment area. Using these methods, we are able to visualize the relations between the sequences of game situations and clusters of similar game situations in a graph. In conclusion, a possible description improvement of these game situations is introduced. Therefore, a possible strategy improvement to ensure a smoother and faster performing of actions defined by these situations is described.
Automated system for fractionation of blood samples. (1978)

Abstract We describe a prototype system for preparing multiple fractions of blood components (plasma, washed erythrocytes, and hemolysates) by use of automated techniques. The procedure is based on centrifugal separation and sample transfer by induced pressure differentials in a blood-processing vessel (rotor) that has been designed to process 24 samples simultaneously. Erythrocytes are sedimented against the outer walls of individual sample chambers, and plasma is siphoned, by imposition of either a slight positive or negative pressure, into individual reservoirs in a collection ring. Cells are washed in situ; samples of washed cells, either packed or in saline solution, can be recovered. Cellular hemolysates are automatically prepared and transferred to individual, commercially available collection vials, ready for immediate analysis or for storage in liquid nitrogen. The system has potential application in any biomedical area in which many samples are to be expeditiously analyzed and in which one or more of the blood fractions will be used. A separate unit has been designed and developed for the semiautomated cleaning of the rotor.
Structural Organization of the Human Gene (LMNB1) Encoding Nuclear Lamin B1 (1995)

We have determined the structural organization of the human gene (LMNB1) that encodes nuclear lamin B1, an intermediate filament protein of the nuclear envelope. The transcription unit spans more than 45 kb and the transcription start site is 348 nucleotides upstream from the translation initiation codon. Lamin B1 is encoded by 11 exons. Exon 1 codes for the amino-terminal head domain and the first portion of the central rod domain, exons 2 through 6 the central rod domain, and exons 7 through 11 the carboxyl-terminal tail domain of this intermediate filament protein. Intron positions are conserved in other lamin genes from frogs, mice, and humans but different in lamin genes from Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. In the region encoding the central rod domain, intron positions are also similar to those in the gene for an invertebrate nonneuronal cytoplasmic intermediate filament protein and the genes for most vertebrate cytoplasmic intermediate filament proteins except neurofilaments and nestin.
A Wireless, Passive pH Sensor Based on Magnetic Higher-Order Harmonic Fields (2009)

A wireless, passive sensor was fabricated for remote monitoring of chemical analytes in the human body. The sensor was made of a magnetically soft film (sensing element) and a permanent magnetic film (biasing element) sandwiching a reversibly swelling hydrogel. When subjected to a low frequency magnetic AC field, the sensing element generated higher-order harmonic magnetic fields that were detected with a remotely located detection coil. In the presence of a DC magnetic field (biasing field), such as that generated from the biasing element, the pattern of the higher-order harmonic magnetic fields varied, and the magnitude of change (referred to as the harmonic field shift) was proportional to the strength of the biasing field. The hydrogel, which acted as a transducer that converted variations in the chemical concentration into changes in dimensions, physically varied the separation distance between the sensing and the biasing elements. This causes a change in the magnitude of biasing field experienced by the sensing element, thus changing its higher-order harmonic field shift allowing remote measurement of chemical concentrations. The novelty of this sensor was its wireless and passive nature, which allows it to be used inside a human body for long term chemical monitoring. A scaled-up prototype was fabricated and tested to demonstrate the pH monitoring capability of the sensor. The main structure of the prototype sensor was a polycarbonate substrate containing a larger rectangular well of 36mm×8mm×4mm on top of a smaller well of 30mm×5mm×2mm (see Fig. 1). The smaller well was filled with hydrogel made of (poly)vinyl alcohol and (poly)acrylic acid. A commercial magnetoelastic thick film, Metglas 2826MB from Metglas Inc., was attached to the step at the bottom of the larger well and allowed to rest on the hydrogel. The DC magnetic field was provided by an Arnokrome III film (Arnold Magnetic Technologies) of 30mm×6mm attached at the bottom of the sensor structure. The sensor was placed on the detection coil, and its response was measured with a spectrum analyzer while exposed to test solutions of varying pH. The sensor's harmonic field shift, when cycled between pH 7 and pH 3, was measured and plotted in Fig. 2. As shown in the figure, the hydrogel swelled when the sensor was exposed to pH 3, decreasing the harmonic field shift. The response and recovery times of the hydrogel were below 2 minutes. This experiment proves the feasibility of the technology for real-time, remote monitoring of pH. Further work includes improving the response time and sensitivity of the hydrogel, as well as miniaturization of the sensor.
Longitudinal shift in diabetic wound microbiota correlates with prolonged skin defense response (2010)

Diabetics frequently suffer from chronic, nonhealing wounds. Although bacterial colonization and/or infection are generally acknowledged to negatively impact wound healing, the precise relationship between the microbial community and impaired wound healing remains unclear. Because the host cutaneous defense response is proposed to play a key role in modulating microbial colonization, we longitudinally examined the diabetic wound microbiome in tandem with host tissue gene expression. By sequencing 16S ribosomal RNA genes, we show that a longitudinal selective shift in wound microbiota coincides with impaired healing in diabetic mice (Lepr(db/db); db/db). We demonstrate a parallel shift in longitudinal gene expression that occurs in a cluster of genes related to the immune response. Further, we establish a correlation between relative abundance of Staphylococcus spp. and the expression of cutaneous defense response genes. Our data demonstrate that integrating two types of global datasets lends a better understanding to the dynamics governing host-microbe interactions.
[Folate receptor-mediated antitumor drugs]. (2009)

Folate receptor (FR) is over-expressed in a variety of human cancers and it is seldom expressed or found in normal tissues. Therefore, folate receptor-mediated antitumor drugs can be targeted specially to the FR-positive tumor cells. This strategy improves the selectivity of drugs which may destroy the normal tissues in traditional chemotherapeutics. This review provides the delivery mechanism of FR-mediated antitumor drugs and highlights the novel folate-drug conjugates and their activities.
Comparison of fully distributed and periodically loaded nonlinear transmission lines (2003)

Two different approaches to realizing nonlinear transmission lines (NLTLs) are investigated in detail. In the first approach, the nonlinearity is continuously distributed along the line; in the second, the line is periodically loaded (PL) with discrete nonlinear elements. Measured heterostructure-barrier varactor (HBV) characteristics are used as the nonlinearities in both pulse-compression and harmonic-generation (20-60-GHz tripler) simulations. We point out that the choice of simulation step size is critical in the case of fully distributed (FD) NLTLs, and should be made sufficiently small that no numerical Bragg cutoff frequency appears. For the frequency tripler considered in this paper, simulations show that with PL (PL) NLTLs, 21% efficiency at 210-mW output power and 30% bandwidth can be obtained, whereas only 4.8% efficiency is possible using FD NLTLs. For pulse compression, we find that when properly matched, the FD NLTLs can deliver pulses that are five times sharper than can be obtained with the PL NLTLs. Measured results for an HBV-based PL NLTL frequency multiplier are reported that agree with our simulations, in particular, the 30% bandwidth. The confirmation of the role of the Bragg cutoff frequency in preventing the generation and propagation of undesired harmonics (this improving the conversion efficiency) is obtained from experimental results carried out from hybrid Schottky diodes NLTL measurements.
Genetic diversity of dengue virus serotypes 1 and 2 in the State of Paraná, Brazil, based on a fragment of the capsid/premembrane junction region (2012)

The monitoring of circulating strains is an important tool to detect the migration of virus subtypes involved in dengue epidemics.
Utilization of recombinant human GM-CSF to enhance peripheral progenitor cell yield for autologous transplantation. (1991)

Evidence has accumulated which indicates that efficacy of chemotherapy correlates with dose intensity and with total dose. For most cytotoxic agents, the major limiting factor for escalation of dose intensity is myelotoxicity. Attempts have been made to circumvent myelotoxicity by autologous bone marrow transplantation. Recently, it has been demonstrated that progenitors enriched from the peripheral blood can also be used successfully for autografting. The concentration of progenitor cells in peripheral blood is lower than that in bone marrow but myelosuppressive chemotherapy or hematopoietic growth factors, or a combination of both can be exploited to enhance the progenitor cell yield. The studies reported here are sequential. In the first study, eight patients with advanced Hodgkin's disease received myelosuppressive regimen consisting of cytarabine (100 mg/m2/12h SC days 1 to 5) and daunorubicin (45 mg/m2/d, days 3 and 4). Progenitor cell leukapheresis was performed during the rebound phase of hematopoiesis. All eight patients were treated with super-dose chemotherapy with progenitor cell transplantation. One patient died of CNS toxicity 48 days after transplantation but all other seven had sustained engraftment. In the second study, human recombinant GM-CSF (at 250 micrograms/m2/d as continuous infusion) was administered to twelve patients. Leukapheresis was started at a white blood count (WBC) of greater than 10 x 10(9)/L and the dosage of rhGM-CSF adjusted to keep the WBC between 10 x 10(9)/L and 20 x 10(9)/L. The median duration of rhGM-CSF application was 11.5 days and a median number of six leukaphereses performed. The median increase in the number of granulocyte-macrophage colony forming units (CFU-GM)/ml of peripheral blood was 8.5 fold.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
<title>Sub-Oxide Thin Films For An Optical Recording Disk</title> (1982)

Thin films of SbOx, GeOx, TeOx, MoOx, InOx and PbOx ( x is smaller than the stoichiometric value for each component ) were found to have a feasibility to be applied to an optical recording disc. Upon heating, these thin films are critically changed in their optical constants at 150°, 280°, 120°, 150°, 120° and 100°C, respectively. The contrast ratios before to after heat treatment of the GeOx, TeOx and MoOx films of 1000 - 2000 Å thick are very high, they are 50, 20 and 15, respectively. Among them, the TeOx (x ≈1.1) film was excellent in both the sensitivity and the contrast ratio, and an optical recording disc was prepared by depositing the TeOx on a PMMA disc, substrate. Video-signals can be recorded and played back using a laser diode (λ =8300 Å, N.A.= 0.5) at the laser power of 6 - 8 mW incident. The carrier to noise ratio at 5 MHz was in excess of 55 dB.