gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Laboratory Study on Warm-Mix Asphalt Additives (2007)

Although several WMA projects have been explored in the United States, Europe, and some countries in Asia, there is a need for the research to evaluate the applicability of WMA in Thailand. In this study, the fundamental properties of asphalt binders modified with one of the commonly used additives (Sasobit®) were evaluated. The properties include the viscosity, rheological properties, rutting, and fatigue resistance. In addition, the compactability of mixtures was also investigated to determine whether the mixes can reach the desired density at lower temperatures. It was found that the Sasobit® modification can improve the workability and the fundamental properties of asphalt binders as shown in better rutting and fatigue resistance, and also higher in complex shear modulus. The measurement of the compactability shows that less energy required to compact the Sasobit®-modified asphalt mixes to desired density even at 20C-40C below compaction temperature. The mixtures modified with Sasobit® have greater resistance to densification under traffic, or higher potential to resist permanent deformation. However, there is no effect of Sasobit® on the resistance of asphalt mixtures to moisture damage, but the reduction of mixing and compaction temperatures can cause detrimental effect on the moisture sensitivity.
Environmental Factors in Indoor Navigation Based on Real-World Trajectories of Blind Users (2018)

Indoor localization technologies can enhance quality of life for blind people by enabling them to independently explore and navigate indoor environments. Researchers typically evaluate their systems in terms of localization accuracy and user behavior along planned routes. We propose two measures of path-following behavior: deviation from optimal route and trajectory variability. Through regression analysis of real-world trajectories from blind users, we identify relationships between a) these measures and b) elements of the environment, route characteristics, localization error, and instructional cues that users receive. Our results provide insights into path-following behavior for turn-by-turn indoor navigation and have implications for the design of future interactions. Moreover, our findings highlight the importance of reporting these environmental factors and route properties in similar studies. We present automated and scalable methods for their calculation and to encourage their reporting for better interpretation and comparison of results across future studies.
Stability of the Lactobacillus Population in Feces and Stomach Contents of Rats Prevented from Coprophagy (1966)

Lev, Meir (Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, N.Y.), Raymond H. Alexander, and Stanley M. Levenson. Stability of the Lactobacillus population in feces and stomach contents of rats prevented from coprophagy. J. Bacteriol. 92: 13-16. 1966.-Lactobacilli were enumerated in the feces of rats prevented from coprophagy by tail-cupping. No differences were found when numbers of these organisms were compared with lactobacilli in feces of control rats, without tail-cups. High and similar numbers of lactobacilli were found in the stomachs of rats with and without tail-cups. The effect of coprophagy on fecal lactobacilli was therefore negligible.
Efficacy of imidacloprid for removal and control of fleas (Ctenocephalides felis) on dogs (1997)

Monthly imidacloprid application of 7.5 to 10 mg/kg will rapidly kill existing and reinfesting flea infestations on dogs and break the flea life cycle by killing adult fleas before egg production begins.
Microwave attenuation--a new tool for monitoring saturations in laboratory flooding experiments (1974)

A microwave attenuation technique has been developed to measure water saturations in laboratory porous media models. Microwave energy is absorbed by the water molecule dipole in its losing struggle to stay aligned with the oscillating electric field. The energy is dissipated as heat, but not enough to raise the temperature noticeably. The resulting electric field exponential decay, as radiation traverses the absorbing medium, leads directly to the Beer-Lambert absorption law. Other model components--oil, gas consolidated rock, epoxy paint--are nearly transparent compared to water. Use of this tool is illustrated by a Berea slab which was saturated with water, then oil flooded, and then waterflooded. Saturation snapshots show the typical Buckley-Leverett saturation behavior for both oil flood and waterflood.A sharp flood front progresses through the rock and behind the flood front the saturation of the displacing phase increases, but quite slowly. The potential of this tool is in studying in detail the mechanism of a variety of secondary and tertiary recovery processes.
Reduction of sound localization error for surround sound system using enhanced constant power panning law (2004)

In this paper, we propose an enhanced constant power panning (CPP) law which reduces the sound localization error in pair-wise panning for multi-channel loudspeaker layouts. In conventional CPP law, the phantom sound direction is usually different from the panning angle, especially when two loudspeakers are spread out widely. To overcome this problem, we propose an enhanced CPP law using directional psychoacoustic criteria (DPC). Analysis results show that the proposed method makes the same phantom sound direction as the panning angle in the audible frequency range. In addition, its performance is verified by means of a subjective sound localization test using a real sound source.
Antifungal Effects of Bacilysin and Fengymycin from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> F‐29‐3 A Comparison with Activities of Other <i>Bacillus</i> Antibiotics (1986)

Abstract Of the two antifungal antibiotics produced by Bacillus subtilis F‐29‐3, the dipeptide compound bacilysin inhibits yeasts (and bacteria), whereas the formerly unknown fengymycin, a complex of closely related lipopeptide components, shows antibiotic activity against filamentous fungi. Bacilysin production, formerly known for a few strains only, could be demonstrated for all 12 wild‐type cultures of Bacillus subtilis tested during this study. The antibiotic also occurs in some strains of three other Bacillus species considered as closely realted to B. subtilis. Members of the lipopeptide class of antifungal Bacillus metabolites were formed by 8 of 12 Bacillus subtilis ‐isolates and several other Bacillus strains. The antibiotics of F‐29‐3 were compared with antifungal metabolites of other Bacillus isolates using TLC, agar‐diffusion techniques and tests demonstrating the capacity of six lipopeptide and peptide preparations to protect rice seedlings from phytomycosis due to Rhizoctonia solani. Fengymycin proved to be different from the other compounds tested. It was less toxic to the test plants and protected them better from Rhizoctonia disease than the other antibiotics of the study did.
Argonaute 2 in dopamine 2 receptor–expressing neurons regulates cocaine addiction (2010)

Cocaine is a highly addictive drug that exerts its effects by increasing the levels of released dopamine in the striatum, followed by stable changes in gene transcription, mRNA translation, and metabolism within medium spiny neurons in the striatum. The multiple changes in gene and protein expression associated with cocaine addiction suggest the existence of a mechanism that facilitates a coordinated cellular response to cocaine. Here, we provide evidence for a key role of miRNAs in cocaine addiction. We show that Argonaute 2 (Ago2), which plays an important role in miRNA generation and execution of miRNA-mediated gene silencing, is involved in regulation of cocaine addiction. Deficiency of Ago2 in dopamine 2 receptor (Drd2)-expressing neurons greatly reduces the motivation to self-administer cocaine in mice. We identified a distinct group of miRNAs that is specifically regulated by Ago2 in the striatum. Comparison of miRNAs affected by Ago2 deficiency with miRNAs that are enriched and/or up-regulated in Drd2-neurons in response to cocaine identified a set of miRNAs that are likely to play a role in cocaine addiction.
Thrombinography shows acquired resistance to activated protein C in patients with lupus anticoagulants (2003)

In patients with lupus anticoagulants (LA), acquired resistance to activated protein C (APC) is difficult to demonstrate with clot-based assays due to the presence of the anticoagulant. Via the conversion of a fluorogenic substrate (thrombinography), we monitored the complete process of thrombin formation and decay and its delimitation by the protein C system in eight consecutive LA-patients without anticoagulant therapy and non-carriers of the V Leiden polymorphism. Thrombin generation was triggered in platelet-poor and platelet-rich plasma by recalcification in the presence of a low concentration of tissue factor. In 7 out of 8 patients we observed a long lag-time before the thrombin burst (LA effect) together with a marked inability of APC to diminish the thrombin activity. The lag-phase was however prolonged to some degree by APC. The effects were more outspoken in the presence of phospholipids from patients' platelets than with added phospholipids. Thrombinography thus demonstrates APC resistance in LA-patients despite the occurrence of long lag-times (clotting times). The amount of thrombin activity generated in the presence of APC could be a better indicator of the thrombotic risk than the moment at which the thrombin burst starts.
High-energy non-aqueous batteries (1993)

This book gives an interdisciplinary overview of the problems and topics inherent in the design and applications of high-energy galvanic cells and batteries, together with present limitations and possible development. It presents the theoretical fundamentals necessary for obtaining an insight into the various physical and chemical factors which determine the mechanism of action and the failure of galvanic cells. There is a detailed discussion of the thermodynamics and kinetics of electrode processes and transport phenomena in cells. The properties and functioning of many different types of materials used as cathodes, anodes, electrolytes and solvents in non-aqueous cells are also described.
Detection of sensor wearing positions for accelerometry-based daily activity assessment (2008)

In accelerometry-based activity monitoring, to correctly assess the level and recognize the type of physical activity performed by the monitored subject, it is essential to have the knowledge of the sensor wearing position. For consumer healthcare and lifestyle applications, such as with an activity monitor (AM), to restrict users with a fixed sensor position is not friendly and unrealistic as well. Therefore, it raises a need of developing a sensor position detecting method that allows a flexible sensor wearing manner and is able to extract the sensor location with very limited userdevice interactions. In this paper, two scenarios for achieving this goal are investigated. They are based on comparing the body position dependent features that are extracted from the measured acceleration data with those in an established feature database. The experiments using naturalistically collected data show the effectiveness of both scenarios, and the one that employs user-specific learning appears more promising for a practical use.
Honey bee venom specific immunoglobulin G4 in honey bee sting allergic patients and bee keepers. (1983)

Honey bee venom (HBV) IgG4 antibody was studied in bee keepers and honey bee sting allergic patients on immunotherapy using mouse monoclonal anti-human IgG4 antibody in a modified microtiter solid phase radioimmunoassay (MSPIRA). The mean HBV IgG4 in bee keepers was 31 units/ml. In patients the mean HBV IgG4 pre- and post-immunotherapy were 2.9 and 11.6 units/ml, respectively, representing a mean rise of 7.3-fold as compared to a rise of 1.6-fold for total HBV IgG. The mean HBV IgG level in bee keepers was 14 micrograms/ml which was not significantly different from the mean level of 17 micrograms/ml in allergic patients at diagnosis. The percentage interference of HBV IgE detection in vitro correlated with HBV IgG but not with HBV IgG4. On the other hand, there was an inverse relationship between serum HBV IgE and HBV IgG4 levels while none was found for HBV IgE and IgG.
“Janus” Calixarenes: Double-Sided Molecular Linkers for Facile, Multianchor Point, Multifunctional, Surface Modification (2016)

We herein report the synthesis of novel "Janus" calix[4]arenes bearing four "molecular tethering" functional groups on either the upper or lower rims of the calixarene. These enable facile multipoint covalent attachment to electrode surfaces with monolayer coverage. The other rim of the calixarenes bear either four azide or four ethynyl functional groups, which are easily modified by the copper(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction (CuAAC), either pre- or postsurface modification, enabling these conical, nanocavity reactor sites to be decorated with a wide range of substrates to impart desired chemical properties. Redox active species decorating the peripheral rim are shown to be electrically connected by the calixarene to the electrode surface in either "up" or "down" orientations of the calixarene.
A New and Efficient Algorithm for the Removal of High Density Salt and Pepper Noise in Images and Videos (2010)

A new and efficient algorithm for high-density salt and pepper noise removal in images and videos is proposed. The existing non-linear filter like standard median filter (SMF), adaptive median filter (AMF), decision based algorithm (DBA) and robust estimation algorithm (REA) shows better results at low and medium noise densities. At high noise densities, their performance is poor. A new algorithm to remove high-density salt and pepper noise using modified sheer sorting method is proposed. The new algorithm has lower computation time when compared to other standard algorithms. Results of the algorithm is compared with various existing algorithms and it is proved that the new method has better visual appearance and quantitative measures at higher noise densities as high as 90%.
Disruption of<i>acvrl1</i>increases endothelial cell number in zebrafish cranial vessels (2002)

The zebrafish mutant violet beauregarde (vbg) can be identified at two days post-fertilization by an abnormal circulation pattern in which most blood cells flow through a limited number of dilated cranial vessels and fail to perfuse the trunk and tail. This phenotype cannot be explained by caudal vessel abnormalities or by a defect in cranial vessel patterning, but instead stems from an increase in endothelial cell number in specific cranial vessels. We show that vbg encodes activin receptor-like kinase 1 (Acvrl1; also known as Alk1), a TGFβ type I receptor that is expressed predominantly in the endothelium of the vessels that become dilated in vbg mutants. Thus, vbg provides a model for the human autosomal dominant disorder, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2, in which disruption of ACVRL1 causes vessel malformations that may result in hemorrhage or stroke. Movies available on-line
Basal Bolus Dosing: A Clinical Experience (2005)

Basal bolus insulin dosing (BBD) may be defined as the physiological replacement of basal and bolus insulin to achieve near normal glycemia without hypoglycemia and loss of life quality. Normally, continuous and variable basal insulin release provides partial suppression of hepatic glucose production to maintain euglycemia during the fasting period. With meals, additional insulin is released in a biphasic pattern to further suppress hepatic glucose production and to increase glucose transport into muscle, fat and liver. Newer subcutaneous insulins for bolus and basal mimic near normal secretion. In addition, improvements in continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion pump features such as dual wave insulin delivery allow improved postprandial glycemia. Insulin dosing is done in a three step process. Firstly, the dosage is estimated based on formulas derived from body weight or previous insulin requirements. Secondly, pre-dosing adjustments modify these formulas by considering estimations of insulin sensitivity based on clinical judgment and laboratory evaluations. Lastly, post-dosage adjustments are based on timed, self-monitored, blood glucose determinations assisted by overall average glucose determinations such as hemoglobin A1c. Continuous glucose monitoring systems have provided a more insightful tool for dosage adjustments. Daily consecutive intensive glucose evaluations using a continuous glucose monitoring system and corresponding dosage adjustments may offer an even better tool for insulin dosing selection.
Lens-specific expression and developmental regulation of the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene driven by the murine alpha A-crystallin promoter in transgenic mice. (1985)

Two lines of transgenic mice with one to two copies of a DNA fragment containing nucleotides -364 to +45 of the murine alpha A-crystallin gene linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene expressed the CAT gene only in their eye lenses. Both CAT activity and alpha A-crystallin were first detected in eyes at approximately 12.5 days of embryonic development, suggesting that the alpha A-CAT fusion gene and the endogenous alpha A-crystallin gene are co-regulated during lens development in the transgenic mice. These experiments show that the murine alpha A-crystallin gene contains a short, cis-acting, tissue-specific regulatory sequence at its 5' end that can target the expression of the bacterial CAT gene, and probably foreign eukaryotic genes, specifically to the ocular lens.
Mouse microRNA profiles determined with a new and sensitive cloning method (2006)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are noncoding RNA molecules of 21 to 24 nt that regulate the expression of target genes in a post-transcriptional manner. Although evidence indicates that miRNAs play essential roles in embryogenesis, cell differentiation and pathogenesis of human diseases, extensive miRNA profiling in cells or tissues has been hampered by the lack of sensitive cloning methods. Here we describe a highly efficient profiling method, termed miRNA amplification profiling (mRAP), as well as its application both to mouse embryos at various developmental stages and to adult mouse organs. A total of 77,436 Small-RNA species was sequenced, with 11,776 of these sequences found to match previously described miRNAs. With the use of a newly developed computational prediction algorithm, we further identified 229 independent candidates for previously unknown miRNAs. The expression of some of these candidate miRNAs was confirmed by northern blot analysis and whole-mount in situ hybridization. Our data thus indicate that the total number of miRNAs in vertebrates is larger than previously appreciated and that the expression of these molecules is tightly controlled in a tissue- and developmental stage-specific manner.
Thermodynamics of Nickel‐Cadmium and Nickel‐Hydrogen Batteries (1993)

Thermodynamic parameters for nickel‐cadmium and nickel‐hydrogen batteries are calculated for temperatures ranging from 273.15 K (0°C) to 373.15 K (100°C). For both systems, we list equilibrium and thermoneutral voltages for the cells, and in the case of the battery, these data are provided for hydrogen fugacities ranging from 0.01 to 100 (atm) to simulate the full discharged and charged states. The quality of the input thermodynamic data is assessed and the effect of assuming different cell reactions is analyzed.
CCCXIV.—The hydrolytic fission of some substituted dibenzoylmethanes (1926)

W. Bradley and R. Robinson, J. Chem. Soc., 1926, 129, 2356 DOI: 10.1039/JR9262902356
Pulsed-Laser Annealing, a Low-Thermal-Budget Technique for Eliminating Stress Gradient in Poly-SiGe MEMS Structures (2004)

In this paper, we demonstrate eliminating the stress gradient in polycrystalline silicon germanium films at temperatures compatible with standard CMOS (Al interconnects) backend processing. First, we study the effect of varying the germanium concentration from 40% to 90%, layer thickness, deposition pressure from 650 to 800 mtorr and deposition temperature from 400 to 450/spl deg/C, on the mechanical properties of SiGe films. Then the effect of excimer laser annealing (248 nm, 38 ns, 780 mJ/cm/sup 2/) on stress gradient is analyzed. It is demonstrated that stress gradient can be eliminated completely by depositing Si/sub x/Ge/sub 1-x/(10%<x<92%) bilayers, with the bottom film exposed to a single laser pulse, which changes the grain microstructure of both the bottom and top films. Furthermore, laser annealing seems to reduce surface roughness, significantly, which is an attractive feature for some MEMS applications.
Damage detection in bridges through fiber optic structural health monitoring (2006)

A fiber optic structural health monitoring (SHM) system was developed and deployed by the Iowa State University (ISU) Bridge Engineering Center (BEC) to detect gradual or sudden damage in fracture-critical bridges (FCBs). The SHM system is trained with measured performance data, which are collected by fiber optic strain sensors to identify typical bridge behavior when subjected to ambient traffic loads. Structural responses deviating from the trained behavior are considered to be signs of structural damage or degradation and are identified through analytical procedures similar to control chart analyses used in statistical process control (SPC). The demonstration FCB SHM system was installed on the US Highway 30 bridge near Ames, IA, and utilizes 40 fiber bragg grating (FBG) sensors to continuously monitor the bridge response when subjected to ambient traffic loads. After the data is collected and processed, weekly evaluation reports are developed that summarize the continuous monitoring results. Through use of the evaluation reports, the bridge owner is able to identify and estimate the location and severity of the damage. The information presented herein includes an overview of the SHM components, results from laboratory and field validation testing on the system components, and samples of the reduced and analyzed data.
Bladder Reconstruction with Human Amniotic Membrane in a Xenograft Rat Model: A Preclinical Study (2017)

<i>Background:</i> Human amniotic membranes (HAMs) are assumed to have a number of unique characteristics including durability, hypoallergenic and anti-inflammatory properties. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Multilayer HAMs from caesarian sections were applied to repair defined bladder defects in male Sprague-Dawley rats. The animals were sacrificed at 7, 21 and 42 days after implantation. Bladder volume capacity after grafting was measured. Histological analyses were performed to asses a number of parameters including HAM degradation, inflammatory reaction, graft rejection and smooth muscle ingrowth. <i>Results:</i> One rat died from sepsis in the treated group. No severe complications or signs of leakage were observed. Bladder capacity did not change over time. The initially increased inflammation in the HAM group diminished significantly over time (p<0.05). No signs of HAM degradation were observed and smooth muscle staining increased over time. <i>Conclusions:</i> HAMs appear to be durable and hypoallergenic grafts. The assumed suitability for the reconstruction of urinary tract justifies further research on detailed immunological process in larger grafts.