gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Time-Space Constrained Codes for Phase-Change Memories (2011)

Phase-change memory (PCM) is a promising non- volatile solid-state memory technology. A PCM cell stores data by using its amorphous and crystalline states. The cell changes between these two states using high temperature. However, since the cells are sensitive to high temperature, it is important, when programming cells, to balance the heat both in time and space. In this paper, we study the time-space constraint for PCM, which was recently proposed by Jiang et al. A code is called an (α, β, p)-constrained code if for any tx consecutive rewrites and for any segment of β contiguous cells, the total rewrite cost of the β cells over those a rewrites is at most p. Here, the cells are binary and the rewrite cost is defined to be the Hamming distance between the current and next memory states. First, we show a general upper bound on the achievable rate of these codes which extends the results of Jiang et al. Then, we generalize their construction for (α ≥ 1,β = 1,p = 1)-constrained codes and show another construction for (α = 1, β ≥, p≥1)- constrained codes. Finally, these two constructions are used to construct codes for all values of α, β, and p.
Chemical Constituents from Cichorium glandulosum (2009)

AIM: To investigate the chemical constituents from the aerial parts of Cichorium glandulosum Boiss. et Huet. METHODS: Various column chromatographic methods were applied for the isolation and purification of the chemical constituents and their structures were elucidated on the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic techniques. RESULTS: Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as lactucin (1), lactucopicrin (2), esculetin (3), cichoriin (4), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (5), kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucuronide (6), isoquercitrin (7), isorhamnetin (8), quercetin (9), inosine (10) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (11). CONCLUSION: Compounds 4-11 were obtained from this plant firstly and compounds 5-6, 8-11 were isolated from this genus for the first time.
Neonatal Pemphigus Vulgaris (1986)

The case history of a baby with neonatal pemphigus vulgaris is presented. This is the 13th case of pemphigus vulgaris during pregnancy reported in the literature. The correlations between the clinical, histologic, and immunofluorescent findings are discussed and a review of all previously reported cases is presented.
Inhibition of the human apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease (APE1) repair activity and sensitization of breast cancer cells to DNA alkylating agents with lucanthone. (2004)

Cells repair DNA damage via four main mechanisms, however, damage induced by alkylators and oxidative damage is predominantly repaired by the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway. The AP endonuclease, APE1, is one of the main enzymes in the BER pathway. It is abundant in human cells and accounts for nearly all of the abasic site cleavage activity observed in cellular extracts. APE1 expression is elevated in a variety of cancers and a high APE1 expression has been associated with poor outcome to chemoradiotherapy. The small molecule lucanthone has been shown to enhance the killing ability of ionizing radiation in cells and preliminary evidence suggests that lucanthone may inhibit AP endonuclease. Given the role APE1 plays in repairing oxidative and ionizing radiation DNA damage, the reports of lucanthone as an ionizing radiation enhancer and the potential use of lucanthone as an AP endonuclease inhibitor, we examined whether lucanthone could inhibit APE1 endonuclease activity. We report that lucanthone inhibits the repair activity of APE1, but not its redox function or exonuclease activity on mismatched nucleotides. Lucanthone also appears to inhibit exonuclease III family members (APE1 and ExoIII), but not endonuclease IV AP endonucleases, nor bifunctional glycosylase/lyases such as endonuclease VIII or formamidopyrimidine-DNA glycosylase (Fpg). Furthermore, the addition of lucanthone inhibits APE1 repair activity from cellular extracts and enhances the cell killing effect of the laboratory alkylating agent methyl methanesulfonate (MMS) and the clinically relevant agent temozolomide (TMZ). Given these initial findings, it would be of interest to further develop lucanthone as an APE1 inhibitor through the use of structure-function studies as a means of enhancing the sensitization of tumors to chemotherapeutic agents.
UWB and WLAN Coexistence: a Comparison of Interference Reduction Techniques (2005)

Ultra Wideband (UWB) is an emerging technology for use in the indoor wireless personal area networks and ad hoc networks. The more common form of UWB which uses sub-nanosecond pulses without any form of carrier signal is considered in this research. UWB signals have a large bandwidth with allocated frequency spectrum from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz and maximum power restricted to -41dBm/MHz. The IEEE 802.11a is a popular standard for high data rate wireless local area networks (WLANs). The operating frequency of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN is 5 GHz which is right inside the allocated UWB frequency spectrum.\nOne of the main obstacles facing the implementation of UWB devices is the challenge of reducing interference caused by UWB to other systems and vice versa. The potential operating areas/frequencies of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN and UWB systems overlap and therefore the problem of UWB interference to the IEEE 802.11a WLANs and vice versa becomes significant.\nIn this research we have focused on studying the effect of UWB interference on IEEE 802.11a WLANs. The different UWB parameters that affect the interference caused by UWB to IEEE 802.11a WLAN have been considered for determining their effect on the performance of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN. The effect of UWB multipath on the performance of the IEEE 802.11a WLAN has been observed. The UWB parameters have also been compared based on their effect on the performance of the IEEE 802.11a system in the presence of UWB multipath. Additionally, two different interference mitigation techniques that reduce UWB interference to the IEEE 802.11a WLANs have been studied.
[The use of UV rays for the disinfection of water. I. Microbiologic studies of drinking water]. (1988)

As a physical disinfection method without chemicals required the ultraviolet irradiation was tested for disinfection of drinking water. The survival was measured as a function of exposure to radiation for S. enteritidis, E. cloacae, C. freundii, S. marcescens, E. coli, K. pneumoniae und S. faecium. The bacteria were grown in trypton soya broth until they were well into the exponential phase. Two different UV-disinfection units were tested. Both consist of cylindrical shaped chambers with one low-pressure mercury-discharge lamp with their longitudinal axis parallel to the chambers. With 10(6) cfu/ml the experiments were done with three different rates of flow of 7,2 m3/h, 4,0 m3/h and 2,0 m3/h. The minimum exposures to radiation necessary to cause a 99.999% reduction were 10-86 mWs/cm2 depending on the test bacterium and on the UV-disinfection unit. The minimum doses ranged for S. enteritidis up to 13 mWs/cm2, for E. coli up to 21 mWs/cm2, for K. pneumoniae up to 39 mWs/cm2, for S. faecium up to 42 mWs/cm2, for E. cloacae up to 43 mWs/cm2, for C. freundii up to 72 mWs/cm2, and for S. marcescens up to 86 mWs/cm2.
Hollow‐fiber membrane bioreactors using immobilized <i>E. coli</i> for protein synthesis (1983)

Actively growing Escherichia coli C600(pBR322), immobilized within the macroporous matrix of asymmetric-wall hollow-fiber membranes, has been propagated to extremely high densities, typically more than 10(12) cells/mL of accessible void volume, in some regions cells accounting for nearly 100% of the available macrovoid volume forming a tissue-like mass. Production rates of beta-lactamase, an enzyme used as an indicator of the culture's biosynthetic potential, remained at high and relatively stable levels for more than three weeks of continuous operation, and effluent supernatant enzyme activities attained 25% of the accumulated level measured in a 24-h shaker-flask culture. Based on the accessible void volume within the fiber wall, the beta-lactamase productivity was independent of the specific asymmetric membrane used. On a per cell basis, however, cells cultured using hollow-fiber membranes were only 10% as productive as those in the shaker-flask culture, possibly due to the high packing density or culture aging. By contrast, the hollow-fiber bioreactor was 100 times more productive than the shaker-flask culture on a reactor-volume basis, primarily as a consequence of the high cell densities. Reactor productivity was dependent on the number of cells in the reactor, suggesting that reactor performance was kinetically controlled and not mass transport limited.
Hysteroscopic myomectomy: a comprehensive review of surgical techniques (2007)

Hysteroscopic myomectomy currently represents the standard minimally invasive surgical procedure for treating submucous fibroids, with abnormal uterine bleeding and reproductive issues being the most common indications. While hysteroscopic myomectomy has been shown to be safe and effective in the control of menstrual disorders, its effects on infertility remain unclear. The review provides a comprehensive survey of all hysteroscopic techniques used to treat fibroids found completely within the uterine cavity (G0) and those with intramural development (G1 and G2). MEDLINE and EMBASE searches identified published papers from 1970. The choice of the technique mostly depends on the intramural extension of the fibroid, as well as on personal experience and available equipment. 'Resectoscopic slicing' still represents the 'gold standard' technique for treating fibroids G0, even if several other effective techniques including ablation by neodymium-yttrium-aluminum-garnet laser, morcellation and office myomectomy have been proposed. On the other hand, the present review clearly indicates that there is still no single technique proven to be unequivocally superior for treating fibroids G1 and G2. Most techniques aim at the transformation of an intramural fibroid into a totally intracavitary lesion, thus avoiding a deep cut into the myometrium. At present, the 'cold loop' technique seems to represent the best option as it allows a safe and complete removal of such fibroids in just one surgical procedure, while respecting the surrounding healthy myometrium.
The contested space of prudence in the 1874–1875 civil rights debate (1998)

This essay examines how the rhetoric of Reconstruction congressional actors expressed divergent modes of political judgment with respect to the civil rights of African Americans. Through an interpretive analysis of the 1874–1875 civil rights debate, the essay contends that proponents and opponents enacted adverse norms of discursive practice and competing conceptions of equality. This conflict's discourse helped to bring about the separate but equal doctrine that guided race relations into the next century. This essay concludes that when studied as a contested space, prudence can reveal the evolution of a rhetorical culture and community.
ChemInform Abstract: Reaction of Polyhalogenated Unsaturated Compounds with Vanadium Pentafluoride. (1987)

Abstract Terminal alkenes such as (I) or (III) are fluorinated by VF 5 at low temperatures according to method A) to give the fluoroalkanes (II) or (IV).
A Privacy Preserving Probabilistic Neural Network for Horizontally Partitioned Databases (2007)

In this paper, we present a version of the probabilistic neural network (PNN) that is capable of operating on a distributed database that is horizontally partitioned. It does so in a way that is privacy-preserving: that is, a test point can be evaluated by the algorithm without any party knowing the data owned by the other parties. We present an analysis of this algorithm from the standpoints of security and computational performance. Finally, we provide performance results of an implementation of this privacy preserving, distributed PNN algorithm.
Achieving middleware customization in a configuration-based development environment: experience with the Aster prototype (2002)

Middleware configurations provide a means to make accessible a wide range of applications on a (possibly large) distributed heterogeneous platform. However, as new application areas appear, middleware configurations will have to evolve to accommodate those new applications' needs. This paper discusses the implementation of the Aster development environment that realizes automatic configuration of middleware which are customized to the applications' needs from the standpoint of provided non-functional properties (e.g., fault-tolerance, security). The environment relies on two main tools. The first tool retrieves the software constituting the middleware that meets application requirements, by means of software specification matching. The second tool implements the interfacing of the application's software components with the customized middleware. Interfacing is discussed in the framework of the CORBA environment, hence addressing construction of customized middleware on top of an ORB, possibly using common object services specified by the OMG.
Base-Catalyzed Addition of Thiols to α,β-Unsaturated Anhydrides (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBase-Catalyzed Addition of Thiols to α,β-Unsaturated AnhydridesFerdinand B. Zienty, Billy D. Vineyard, and Alfred A. SchleppnikCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 9, 3140–3146Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01056a038https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01056a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views953Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Ultrafast beam steering using gradient Au- Ge_2Sb_2Te_5 -Au plasmonic resonators (2015)

Beam steering devices have gained extensive interests in the fields of optical interconnects, communications, displays and data storages. However, the challenge lies in obtaining an ultrafast beam steering structure in the optical regime. Here, we propose phase-array-like plasmonic resonators based on metal/phase-change materials (PCMs)/metal trilayers for all-optical ultrafast beam steering in the mid-infrared (MIR) region. We numerically demonstrate an angle beam steering of 11° for transmitted wave (front lobe) and 22° for reflected wave (back lobe) by switching between the amorphous and crystalline states of the PCM (Ge₂Sb₂Te₅). A photothermal model is used to study the temporal variation of the temperature of the Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ film to show potential for switching the phase of Ge₂Sb₂Te₅ by optical heating. Generation of the beam steering in this structure exhibits a fast beam steering time of 3.6 ns under a low pump light intensity of 2.6 μW/μm₂. Our design possesses a simple geometry which can be fabricated using standard photolithography patterning and is essential for exploiting the ultrafast beam steering in various applications in the MIR regime.
Slow-release Chlormequat: A New Concept in Plant Growth Regulators1 (1974)

Abstract Encapsulated 2-chloroethyl-trimethylammonium chloride (chlormequat) stimulated and retarded growth of tomatoes, petunias, snapdragons, and mar-igolds. Low rates (3-6 g of 1, 2 oi 4 % active ingredients/liter of growing medium) stimulated earlier bloom up to 14 days in these crops and doubled stem diameter in tomato. Conversely, higher levels of encapsulated chlormequat (12-25 g/liter) retarded plant height to 50% of controls and produced stocky more symmetrical bedding plants without deleterious effects.
A Novel Neutralizing Monoclonal Antibody Against Both Ricin Toxin A and Ricin Toxin B, and Application of a Rapid Sandwich Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (2006)

Two strains of neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) anti-ricin, both B chain and A chain, named 3D74 and 4C13, were generated efficiently. The two antibodies recognized different epitopes located in a separated toxin structure domain characterized by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blotting. 3D74 recognized space conformation epitope, whereas 4C13 recognized linearity epitope of ricin. 4C13 possessed a novel neutralizing ability; the safe period for intraperitoneal injection of 100 microg of antibody was 30 min after intraperitoneal injection of 2 microg of ricin (10 times LD50). Using 3D74 and 4C13 as pair-matching antibodies, we established sandwich ELISA and rapid ELISA for detection of ricin. The detection sensitivities were 31.3 and 156 pg/ml, respectively. Rapid sandwich ELISA was sufficiently sensitive and was performed easily for ricin detection without any special instruments.
Phytoestrogens and Their Human Metabolites Show Distinct Agonistic and Antagonistic Properties on Estrogen Receptor   (ER ) and ER  in Human Cells (2004)

Phytoestrogens exert pleiotropic effects on cellular signaling and show some beneficial effects on estrogen-dependent diseases. However, due to activation/inhibition of the estrogen receptors ERalpha or ERbeta, these compounds may induce or inhibit estrogen action and, therefore, have the potential to disrupt estrogen signaling. We performed a comprehensive analysis and potency comparison of phytoestrogens and their human metabolites for ER binding, induction/suppression of ERalpha and ERbeta transactivation, and coactivator recruitment in human cells. The soy-derived genistein, coumestrol, and equol displayed a preference for transactivation of ERbeta compared to ERalpha and were 10- to 100-fold less potent than diethylstilbestrol. In contrast, zearalenone was the most potent phytoestrogen tested and activated preferentially ERalpha. All other phytoestrogens tested, including resveratrol and human metabolites of daidzein and enterolactone, were weak ER agonists. Interestingly, the daidzein metabolites 3',4',7-isoflavone and 4',6,7-isoflavone were superagonists on ERalpha and ERbeta. All phytoestrogens tested showed reduced potencies to activate ERalpha and ERbeta compared to diethylstilbestrol on the estrogen-responsive C3 promoter compared to a consensus estrogen response element indicating a degree of promoter dependency. Zearalenone and resveratrol were antagonistic on both ERalpha and ERbeta at high doses. The phytoestrogens enhanced preferentially recruitment of GRIP1 to ERalpha similar to 17beta-estradiol. In contrast, for ERbeta no distinct preference for one coactivator (GRIP1 or SRC-1) was apparent and the overall coactivator association was less pronounced than for ERalpha. Due to their abundance and (anti)-estrogenic potencies, the soy-derived isoflavones, coumestrol, resveratrol, and zearalenone would appear to have the potential for effectively functioning as endocrine disruptors.
Comparative Analysis of Methodologies to Evaluate Air Cargo Carriers’ Service Quality: Focusing on SERVQUAL and SERVPERF (2013)

With an increasing air cargo demand in the global air cargo transport industry, not only domestic airlines but also foreign carriers are actively investing in the air cargo service sector and trying to provide a differentiated service in order to gain a competitive advantage. There are a variety of service quality models available but most research to date has not found an optimal model for the air cargo service sector.
Physical localization of the flocculation gene <i>FLO1</i> on chromosome I of <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1993)

The genetics of flocculation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are poorly understood despite the importance of this property for strains used in industry. To be able to study the regulation of flocculation in yeast, one of the genes involved, FLO1, has been partially cloned. The identity of the gene was confirmed by the non-flocculent phenotype of cells in which the C-terminal part of the gene had been replaced by the URA3 gene. Southern blots and genetic crosses showed that the URA3 gene had integrated at the expected position on chromosome I. A region of approximately 2 kb in the middle of the FLO1 gene was consistently deleted during propagation in Escherichia coli and could not be isolated. Plasmids containing the incomplete gene, however, were still able to cause weak flocculation in a non-flocculent strain. The 3' end of the FLO1 gene was localized at approximately 24 kb from the right end of chromosome I, 20 kb centromere-proximal to PHO11. Most of the newly isolated chromosome I sequences also hybridized to chromosome VIII DNA, thus extending the homology between the right end of chromosome I and chromosome VIII to approximately 28 kb.
Über Nitrobenzoylverbindungen und Vorgänge bei ihrer Reduktion, III. Mitteil.: Reduktionsvorgänge bei Nitrobenzoylverbindungen der Tolylhydrazine und Toluidine (1947)

Abstract Aus dem Äthyliden‐ p ‐tolyl‐hydrazin ließen sich in gleicher Weise wie aus der entsprechenden Phenyl‐Verbindung das α‐Benzoyl‐ und das α‐[4‐Nitro‐benzoyl]‐Derivat darstellen. Bei der Reduktion des letztgenannten boten sich zunächst erhebliche Schwierigkeiten, die sich erst nach Darstellung der drei isomeren 4‐Nitro‐benztoluidide und deren weiteren Behandlung überwinden ließen. Es gelang schließlich, bei der Reduktion von β‐Äthyliden‐α‐[4‐nitro‐benzoyl]‐ p ‐tolyl‐hydrazin die Bildung von 4‐Äthylamino‐benz‐ p ‐toluidid in geringen Mengen nachzuweisen. Die durch die Einwirkung von Aldehyden auf primäre Amine sich bildenden Schiffschen Basen wurden im Entstehungszustande durch Cyanwasserstoff in die beständigen Cyanalkylamine (Nitrile) über‐geführt, andererseits in der früher beschriebenen Weise (tropfenweiser Zusatz von Aldehyd unter dauernder lebhafter Wasserstoffentwicklung) in sekundäre Amine verwandelt. Beide Verfahren konnten auch auf die freien Nitro‐bzw. Amino‐benzoesäuren übertragen werden. Von den drei isomeren Äthylamino‐benzoesäuren ließ sich das Meta‐Derivat nur als Nitrosoverbindung abscheiden, während die Darstellung der 4‐Äthylamino‐benzoesäure ohne Schwierigkeit gelang.
On accurate modeling and efficient simulation of CMOS opens (2002)

This paper presents a new modeling and simulation technique for CMOS opens. The significance of the method is that both the hazard and charge-sharing effects of all possible opens are modeled in terms of a set of detecting conditions. They are efficiently represented at logic level. Then during fault simulations only these detecting conditions are evaluated to decide if the opens are detected. In this way, all efficient simulation techniques developed at logic level can be applied. The paper shows how the detecting conditions are derived for arbitrary opens. Results of a parallel pattern simulator show a good trade-off of accuracy versus efficiency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>