gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Safe human-robot-cooperation: problem analysis, system concept and fast sensor fusion (2002)

We present a system concept allowing humans to work safely in the same environment as a robot manipulator. Several cameras survey the common workspace. A look-up-table-based fusion algorithm is used to back-project directly from the image spaces of the cameras to the manipulator's configuration space. In the look-up-tables both, the camera calibration and the robot geometry are implicitly encoded. For experiments, a conventional 6 axis industrial manipulator is used. The work space is surveyed by four grayscale cameras. Due to the limits of present robot controllers, the computationally expensive parts of the system are executed on a server PC that communicates with the robot controller via Ethernet.
Senile systemic amyloidosis affects 25% of the very aged and associates with genetic variation in<i>alpha2‐macroglobulin</i>and<i>tau</i>: A population‐based autopsy study (2008)

This population-based study shows that SSA is very common in old individuals, affecting one-quarter of people aged over 85 years. Myocardial infarctions and variation in the genes for alpha2M and tau may be associated with SSA.
Probabilistic approach for fault-section estimation in power systems based on a refined genetic algorithm (1997)

A systematic and mathematically sound model and a refined genetic algorithm (RGA) based method for fault-section estimation in power systems is proposed. First, the probabilistic causality relationship among section fault, protective relay action and circuit breaker trip is formulated as a probabilistic causality matrix. Secondly, the well-developed parsimonious set covering theory is applied to the fault-section estimation problem, and a 0–1 integer programming model is then obtained. Thirdly, a RGA-based method for fault-section estimation is developed by using information on operations of protective relays and circuit breakers. The proposed method is versatile and can deal with uncertainties in fault-section estimation, such as protective relay failures and/or malfunction and circuit breaker failures and/or malfunction. Test results for a sample power system have shown that the probabilistic approach developed for fault-section estimation is feasible and efficient.
Link functions and Matérn kernel in the estimation of reflectance spectra from RGB responses (2013)

We evaluate three link functions (square root, logit, and copula) and Matérn kernel in the kernel-based estimation of reflectance spectra of the Munsell Matte collection in the 400-700 nm region. We estimate reflectance spectra from RGB camera responses in case of real and simulated responses and show that a combination of link function and a kernel regression model with a Matérn kernel decreases spectral errors when compared to a Gaussian mixture model or kernel regression with the Gaussian kernel. Matérn kernel produces performance similar to the thin plate spline model, but does not require a parametric polynomial part in the model.
Compile-time meta-programming in a dynamically typed OO language (2005)

Compile-time meta-programming allows programs to be constructed by the user at compile-time. Although LISP derived languages have long had such facilities, few modern languages are capable of compile-time meta-programming, and of those that do many of the most powerful are statically typed functional languages. In this paper I present the dynamically typed object orientated language Converge which allows compile-time meta-programming in the spirit of Template Haskell. Converge demonstrates that integrating powerful, safe compile-time meta-programming features into a dynamic language requires few restrictions to the flexible development style facilitated by the paradigm. In this paper I detail Converge's compile-time meta-programming facilities, much of which is adapted from Template Haskell, contain several features new to the paradigm. Finally I explain how such a facility might be integrated into similar languages.
Deep learning based feature envy detection (2018)

Software refactoring is widely employed to improve software quality. A key step in software refactoring is to identify which part of the software should be refactored. To facilitate the identification, a number of approaches have been proposed to identify certain structures in the code (called code smells) that suggest the possibility of refactoring. Most of such approaches rely on manually designed heuristics to map manually selected source code metrics to predictions. However, it is challenging to manually select the best features, especially textual features. It is also difficult to manually construct the optimal heuristics. To this end, in this paper we propose a deep learning based novel approach to detecting feature envy, one of the most common code smells. The key insight is that deep neural networks and advanced deep learning techniques could automatically select features (especially textual features) of source code for feature envy detection, and could automatically build the complex mapping between such features and predictions. We also propose an automatic approach to generating labeled training data for the neural network based classifier, which does not require any human intervention. Evaluation results on open-source applications suggest that the proposed approach significantly improves the state-of-the-art in both detecting feature envy smells and recommending destinations for identified smelly methods.
The Rational Tree Machine (1989)

The Rational Tree Machine (RTM) is a type of graph reduction architecture, for the processing of logic programs, currently under development at Boeing's High Technology Center. The architecture is composed of three types of functional modules: tree memory, automata constructor, and automata simulation modules. A previous paper described the overall architecture and its functionality. This paper will concentrate on a detailed description of the automata constructor.
Soft-Decision Decoding in Asynchronous FH/SSMA Networks (2006)

Soft-decision decoding techniques are applied to asynchronous frequency-hop/spread-spectrum multiple-access (FH/SSMA) networks, where M-ary frequency shift keying (MFSK) is employed to transmit one modulated symbol per hop. Coding schemes using soft-decision decoded binary convolutional codes or turbo codes are considered, both with or without bit-interleaving. Performances of several soft metrics are examined for each coding scheme. It is shown that when multiple access interference is the main source of errors, the product metric offers the best performance among the soft metrics considered for all coding schemes. Furthermore, the application of soft-decision decoded convolutional codes or turbo codes without bit-interleaving is shown to allow for a much larger number of simultaneously transmitting users than hard-decision decoded Reed-Solomon codes
Characterization Of Selective TRPM8 Ligands And Their Structure Activity Response (S.A.R) Relationship (2010)

The new substances activate TRPM8 with a higher potency, efficacy and specificity than menthol and will thus be of importance for the development of pharmacological agents suitable for treatment and diagnosis of certain cancers and as analgesics. STATEMENT OF NOVELTY: The new compounds have an unmatched specificity for TRPM8 ion channels with additional display of high potency and efficacy. Thus these substances are better pharmacological tools for TRPM8 characterization then known compounds and it is suggested that these menthol-derivates may serve as model substances for the development of TRPM8 ligands.
Generation of Amplifiable Genome-Specific Oligonucleotide Probes and Libraries (2002)

Here we describe a process for the generation of oligonucleotide libraries representative of a given nucleic acid. Starting from at random pool of DNA oligonucleotides, the technique selects only those that hybridize to the nucleic acid template. This selection yields a highly specific library that represents an oligonucleotide image of the chosen template. The novel quality of this approach is the generation of amplifiable oligonucleotide probes that are of unique length and are easily subjected to differential selection. Here we apply this technique to produce different genomic oligonucleotide libraries and show that these genomic oligonucleotide libraries do not cross-hybridize. Differential selection of these genomic oligonucleotide libraries produces oligonucleotides that can be used in the identification, characterzation, and isolation of nucleic acids.
The Performance of Dichroic Displays for Automotive Instrument Panel Use (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Conventional liquid crystal displays, which are based upon twisted nematic materials, suffer from several problems: their polarizers limit their viewing angles and make them sensitive to humidity, they are fairly slow, and they do not lend themselves readily to multicolor displays. A new dichroic dye LCD from Integrated Display Systems, Inc., overcomes these problems because it operates on an absorption, rather than a polarization, principle. The new display essentially, is a light valve. It is opaque in the off state, appearing black when exposed to incident light. With an applied field, the LCD becomes transmitting, showing the color (or colors) of the reflector. The operation of the dichroic dye display involves a phase change from the cholesteric state, in which the dye absorbs light, to the nonabsorbing nematic state. The paper will discuss in detail the performance of dichroic displays with respect to automotive requirements.</div>
Sevoflurane but Not Propofol Preserves Myocardial Function in Coronary Surgery Patients (2002)

Sevoflurane preserved LV function after CPB with less evidence of myocardial damage in the first 36 h postoperatively. These data suggest a cardioprotective effect of sevoflurane during coronary artery surgery.
Controlling the rates of reductively-activated elimination from the (indol-3-yl)methyl position of indolequinones (2001)

A series of substituted 3-(4-nitrophenyloxy)methylindole-4,7-diones (Q) were synthesised. The effects of substitution patterns on the indole core on rates of elimination of 4-nitrophenol as a model for drug release following fragmentation of a phenolic ether linker were studied. After reduction to either the radical anion (Q˙−) or hydroquinone (QH2) elimination of 4-nitrophenol occurred from the (indol-3-yl)methyl position. The half-lives of Q˙− radicals at [O2] ≈ 5 µmol dm−3, typical of tumour hypoxia, were t½ ≈ 0.3–1.8 ms, the higher values associated with higher reduction potentials. Half-lives for the autoxidation of the QH2 were markedly longer at the same oxygen concentration (t½ ≈ 8–102 min) and longer still in the presence of 4 µmol dm−3 superoxide dismutase (t½ ≈ 8–19 h). Although the indolequinones were able to eliminate 4-nitrophenol with high efficiency only Q˙− radicals of the 3-carbinyl substituted derivatives did so with sufficiently short half-lives (t½ ≈ 41–2 ms) to compete with electron transfer to oxygen and therefore have the potential to target the leaving group to hypoxic tissue. The hydroquinones are not sufficiently oxygen sensitive to prevent the elimination of 4-nitrophenol (t½ ≈ 1.5–3.5 s) even at oxygen concentrations expected in normal tissue. By incorporating electron rich substituents at the indolyl carbinyl position it is possible to control the rate of reductive fragmentation. This may prove an important factor in the design of an indolequinone-based bioreductive drug delivery system.
Nickel concentrations in serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris. (1985)

Nickel was measured, by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrophotometry, in sera from (a) 30 healthy adults, (b) 54 patients with acute myocardial infarction, (c) 33 patients with unstable angina pectoris without infarction, and (d) five patients with coronary atherosclerosis who developed cardiac ischemia during treadmill exercise. Mean (and SD) concentrations in Group a were 0.3 (0.3) microgram/L (range less than 0.05-1.1 microgram/L). Within 72 h after hospital admission, hypernickelemia (Ni greater than or equal to 1.2 microgram/L) was found in 41 patients of group b (76%) and in 16 patients of group c (48%). Hypernickelemia was found before and after exercise in one patient of Group d (20%). Peak values averaged 3.0 micrograms/L (range 0.4-21 micrograms/L) in Group b, 1.5 microgram/L (range less than 0.05-3.3 micrograms/L) in Group c. In Group b, the mean time interval between the peak values for creatine kinase activity and for nickel was 18 h. Serum nickel concentrations were unrelated to age, sex, time of day, cigarette smoking, medications, clinical complications, or outcome. Mechanisms and sources of release of nickel into the serum of patients with acute myocardial infarction or unstable angina pectoris are conjectural, but hypernickelemia may be related to the pathogenesis of ischemic myocardial injury.
Raman study of 2H-Mo1−xWxS2 layered mixed crystals (2010)

A systematic study of a series of Mo1−xWxS2 layered mixed crystals, with 0 ≤ x ≤ 1, grown by the chemical-vapor transport method were carried out by using Raman scattering measurements. The peaks of the two dominant first-order Raman-active modes, A1g and E2g1, and several second-order bands have been observed in the range of 200–1000 cm−1. The peaks corresponding to A1g mode show one-mode type behavior while the peaks of E2g1 mode demonstrate two-mode type behavior for the entire series. The results can be explained on the basis of the atomic displacements for each mode. For A1g mode only sulfur atoms vibrate and this give rise to a one-mode type behavior for the mixed crystals. For E2g1 mode metal atoms also vibrate as well as sulfur atoms, the mass difference of the vibrating Mo and W cations causes the two-mode type behavior of E2g1 mode. In addition, the observation of largest asymmetry and broadening of A1g mode for Mo0.5W0.5S2 has been attributed to random alloy scattering.
A comprehensive survey of imbalanced learning methods for bankruptcy prediction (2021)

Abstract In practical datasets used for supervised learning, the uneven distribution of the amounts of data between classes is known as the class imbalance problem, and can reduce the performance of basic classifiers. The class imbalance problem arises in various areas such as medical diagnosis, spam filtering, and fraud detection. Bankruptcy prediction is of particular research interest due to the current economic upheaval. In a bankruptcy prediction dataset, there are two classes containing bankrupt and normal companies, and this problem can therefore be solved with binary classification methods. Several advanced models for handling the class imbalance problem in bankruptcy prediction have been developed to improve the predictability performance on a Korean bankruptcy (KB) dataset. To give an overview of imbalanced learning methods for bankruptcy prediction, this study first reviews several state‐of‐the‐art approaches for handling this problem in bankruptcy prediction, including an oversampling‐based framework, a cost‐sensitive method (the CBoost algorithm), a combination of resampling techniques and a cost‐sensitive framework, and an ensemble‐based model (the XGBS algorithm). We also conduct empirical experiments to evaluate the methods surveyed here in terms of two performance metrics, the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and the geometric mean. The results show that the ensemble‐based model outperforms other methods in terms of bankruptcy prediction on the KB dataset.
Time and Frequency (Time-Domain) Characterization, Estimation, and Prediction of Precision Clocks and Oscillators (1987)

A tutorial review of some time-domain methods of characterizing the performance of precision clocks and oscillators is presented. Characterizing both the systematic and random deviations is considered. The Allan variance and the modified Allan variance are defined, and methods of utilizing them are presented along with ranges and areas of applicability. The standa,rd deviation is contrasted and shoun not to be. in general. a good measure for precision clocks and oscillators. Once a proper characterization model has been developed, then optimum estimation and prediction techniques can be employed. Some important cases are illustrated. As precision clocks and oscillators become increasingly important in society. communication of their characteristics and specifications among the vendors, manufacturers. design engineers. managers, and metrologists of this equipment becomes increasingI> important.
Heterocyclische Arylazoquartärsalze, I. Ambidentes Verhalten heterocyclischer Arylazoquartärsalze gegen Nucleophile (1967)

Abstract Arylazoquartärsalze vom Typ 2 sind ambidente Kationen. Es werden die Reaktionen sowie die entstehenden Produkte beschrieben, die aus einem Angriff der Nucleophile OH ⊖ , ArSO 2 ⊖ , HSO 3 ⊖ an den Stellen a und b resultieren.
Wideband-CDMA channel estimation: a data-aided multi-slot averaging method (2004)

In this paper, a two-step channel estimation scheme is presented for downlink wideband code division multiple access (W-CDMA) communication systems. The proposed method employs the time multiplexed pilot symbols for an initial coarse estimation followed by a data-aided fine estimation in order to achieve a fast and accurate estimation of the complex channel gain. Our simulation shows that the proposed method works very well for both slow and fast fading channels. The computational complexity required by the proposed estimation is significantly reduced compared to some of the existing estimation techniques.
Localization and Masking Thresholds of Diagonally Positioned Sound Sources and Their Relationship to Interchannel Time and Level Differences (2014)

3D panning and microphone techniques have become important as new reproduction setups find their way into cinemas and TV standards. Experiments in the field of 3D panning mostly examined the case of two vertically arranged loudspeakers, one above the other. Results of these experiments indicate unstable phantom images and only small ranges between localization threshold and masking threshold. Since the signals in most of these studies can be considered to be equal for the left and right ear (due to the frontal incidence) it should be noted that mainly just monaural effects were studied so far. Williams [1] suggested using loudspeakers placed in isosceles triangles to increase the sense of height. Combining these findings, the following paper examines the masking and localization threshold for loudspeakers placed on a diagonal plane in front of the listener when different interchannel time and level differences are involved. The results are compared to other findings on 3D panning and room acoustics to discern whether the strength of binaural effects increase in a diagonal reproduction.
Inhibition of histamine release from dispersed human lung and tonsillar mast cells by nicardipine and nifedipine. (1985)

Calcium entry blocking drugs attenuate antigen-induced bronchoconstriction in asthma which is mast cell mediated. We have investigated the effects of two calcium uptake blockers, nicardipine and nifedipine on histamine secretion from human mast cells dispersed from lung and tonsillar tissue. Mast cells were activated for secretion with anti-human IgE or calcium ionophore, A23187. Nicardipine and nifedipine caused a concentration-related inhibition of IgE-dependent histamine release from both lung (IC30 10 microM and 4.4 microM) and tonsillar (IC30 21 microM and 47 microM) mast cells. Nicardipine and nifedipine also inhibited mast cell histamine release induced by A23187 with IC30 values of 14 microM and 67 microM for lung and 15 microM and 30 microM for tonsillar mast cells. In the absence of drugs, increasing the extracellular calcium concentrations from 0.2 to 5 mM caused a concentration related increase in IgE-dependent histamine release from tonsillar mast cells. Both nicardipine and nifedipine (50 microM) displaced the concentration-effect curve to the right. Nicardipine (0.01-100 microM) caused a concentration related inhibition of rat kidney histamine methyltransferase activity used in the radioenzymatic assay of histamine (ki of 7.5-12 microM) whereas nifedipine was only a weak inhibitor. Nicardipine also interfered with the spectrofluorimetric assay after exposure to ultraviolet light. These observations demonstrate that nicardipine and nifedipine inhibit IgE-dependent and ionophore stimulated mediator secretion from human mast cells. The lack of stimulus-related specificity and the high drug concentrations required suggest that classical calcium channel blockade is not responsible for inhibition of mast cell mediator release. Furthermore, we suggest that inhibition of mast cell mediator release is unlikely to be the mechanism by which these drugs alleviate asthma.
Analysis of low efficiency droop of semipolar InGaN quantum well light-emitting diodes by modified rate equation with weak phase-space filling effect (2016)

We study the low efficiency droop characteristics of semipolar InGaN light-emitting diodes (LEDs) using modified rate equation incoporating the phase-space filling (PSF) effect where the results on c-plane LEDs are also obtained and compared. Internal quantum efficiency (IQE) of LEDs was simulated using a modified ABC model with different PSF filling (n0), Shockley-Read-Hall (A), radiative (B), Auger (C) coefficients and different active layer thickness (d), where the PSF effect showed a strong impact on the simulated LED efficiency results. A weaker PSF effect was found for low-droop semipolar LEDs possibly due to small quantum confined Stark effect, short carrier lifetime, and small average carrier density. A very good agreement between experimental data and the theoretical modeling was obtained for low-droop semipolar LEDs with weak PSF effect. These results suggest the low droop performance may be explained by different mechanisms for semipolar LEDs.
Thermal imaging for detecting thermal interface issues in assembly and reliability stressing (2006)

This paper describes the development of a non-destructive thermal imaging technique to detect thermal interface material defects in integrated heat spreader in advanced microprocessors. This technique allows capturing the surface infrared emission response as a function of time using high speed infrared camera. The infrared response of the surface of the integrated heat spreader is captured immediately after powering up the silicon die internally or applying pulsed external heating to the surface. With the presence of thermal interface material defects, the heat flow is disrupted and is reflected on the surface thermal distribution of integrated heat spreader. Since the thermal response of the heat spreader is affected by the thermal interface material defects underneath, the technique can be used to evaluate thermal interface material defects and thermal degradation. We show the successful application of this technique to capture various types of artificially created defects such as voiding. We also show that post thermally cycling and stressing, the thermal signature degrades for all units tested. This paper discusses the results obtained using the internal die heating only as it provided better results for all cases, as compared to pulsed external heating