gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Response of Uni-Modal Duffing-Type Harvesters to Random Excitations (2011)

The common linear energy harvesters have an inherent shortcoming in their operation concept because they operate efficiently only when the excitation frequency is very close to the fundamental frequency of the harvester. To extend the harvester’s bandwidth, some recent solutions call for utilizing energy harvesters with stiffness-type nonlinearities. From a steady-state perspective, this hardening nonlinearity can extend the coupling between the excitation and the harvester to a wider range of frequencies. In this effort, we investigate the response of such harvesters to Gaussian White and Colored excitations. For Gaussian White excitations, we solve the Fokker-Plank-Kolmogorov equation for the exact joint probability density function of the response. We show that the expected value of the output power is not even a function of the nonlinearity. As such, under White Gaussian excitations, nonlinearities in the stiffness do not provide any enhancement over the typical linear harvesters. Furthermore, we demonstrate that nonlinearities in the damping or inertia should be sought to enhance the output power. We also use the Van Kampen expansion to analyze the response to Colored excitations of different bandwidths and center frequencies. Again, we show that, regardless of the bandwidth or the center frequency, the expected value of the power is always less than that associated with a linear harvester.
Querrißbildung in 0/90/0 CFK‐Laminaten (1987)

Abstract Querrißbildung in kohlefaserverstärkten Kunststoffen (CFK) mit sowohl duromerer als auch thermoplastischer Matrix wurde untersucht an 0/90/0 Laminaten mit unterschiedlicher 90°‐Schichtdicke. Da die 90°‐Schicht in einem Mehrschichtverbund zuerst versagt, kann die höhere Festigkeit der anderen Schichten nicht ausgenutzt werden. Aus diesem Grunde muß nach Möglichkeiten gesucht werden, die Querzugfestigkeit (Festigkeit senkrecht zur Faser) von Faserverbundwerkstoffen zu erhöhen. Zunächst ist es deshalb notwendig, den Einfluß der Parameter, die die Querzugfestigkeit beeinflussen, zu untersuchen. In dieser Arbeit ist der Einfluß der Matrix(‐Bruchdehnung), der Faser/Matrix‐Grenzschicht, der Lunker und der Stützwirkung von Nachbarschichten ermittelt worden. Mit Hilfe von zweiparametrigen Weibull‐Verteilungen der 90° ‐Schicht‐Bruchdehnung, die das Phänomen der mehrfachen Rißbildung in einer Probe beschreiben, wurde festgestellt, daß die Stützwirkung der Nachbarschichten, verbesserte Faser/Matrix‐Haftung und Matrixduktilität die Bruchdehnung erhöhen und Lunker die Bruchdehnung verkleinern.
Coordination of cardiac transplantation: patient processing and donor organ procurement. (1987)

As cardiac transplantation has evolved into a viable therapeutic option for some terminally ill patients with end-stage heart disease, the role of clinical transplant and donor organ procurement coordinators has evolved into a new health profession. These well-trained, highly skilled, and dedicated individual's permeate all levels of the organ transplantation process, providing continuity of care and smoothness to a complicated path of operation.
Identification of a transient excision intermediate at the crossroads between DNA polymerase extension and proofreading pathways (1998)

DNA polymerases achieve accurate DNA replication through a delicate balance between primer elongation and proofreading. While insufficient proofreading results in DNA replication errors, indiscriminate removal of correct along with incorrect nucleotides is wasteful and may prevent completion of DNA synthesis. The transition between polymerization and proofreading modes is proposed to be governed by a kinetic barrier that prevents proofreading unless the rate of primer elongation is significantly reduced by the presence of an incorrect base pair at the primer-terminus. We have used mutational analysis, coupled with a sensitive, fluorescence-based assay to characterize intermediate steps in the proofreading pathway. A highly fluorescent complex forms between the bacteriophage T4 DNA polymerase and DNA primer-templates labeled at the 3' terminus with the base analog 2-aminopurine. Formation of the fluorescent complex appears to be a rate-determining step in the proofreading pathway and is impaired for several mutator T4 DNA polymerases with amino acid substitutions in the exonuclease domain. Although these mutant DNA polymerases are proficient in hydrolysis, their reduced ability to form the fluorescent complex imposes a higher kinetic barrier. As a consequence, the mutant DNA polymerases proofread less frequently, resulting in more DNA replication errors.
Physical and Biological Targeting of Radiotherapy (1999)

Targeting of radiotherapy can be based on improving physical dose distribution of radiation delivered or on utilization of specific biological processes for targeting. Tools for physical targeting include brachytherapy, hadron therapy, conformal radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy, stereotactically guided conformal fractionated radiotherapy, and intensity-modulated radiotherapy. Biological targeting can be based on specific metabolic pathways such as uptake of iodine-131 by thyroid cancer cells, difference in substrate uptake between cancer cells and normal cells (e.g. boronophenylalanine in boron neutron capture therapy), targeting of radioactive isotopes by specific carrier molecules (radioimmunotherapy, labeled hormone derivatives or bone-seeking phosphonates), or on the distribution of elements in the body (therapy of bone metastases with a calcium analog strontium-89 or phosphorus-32).
Optimization of Lift Force of Mini Quadrotor Helicopter by Changing of Gap Size between Rotors (2013)

This paper describes comparison between virtual simulation of quadrotor flying platforms (mini UAV - Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) and real experiments. In quadrotor helicopter (quadrocopter) air flows that are going out from rotors and affecting each other were simulated. Analysis of several helicopters that have different distances between rotors on different angular velocities were compared. During virtual simulation (with CFD Computational Fluid Dynamics software) there were conducted similar to real experiments with the use of scanned rotors (with 3D scanner) and same environment conditions. These experiments were compared with real experiments. Optimal gap distance between rotors is determined, when helicopter mass is minimum and rotors are creating maximum lifting force and consuming minimum energy (minimum impact on air flows to each other).
Structure and conductivity in LB films of low-dimensional polymer electrolytes (2000)

LB films and bulk samples of complexes of (CF3SO2)2NLi and LiClO4 with polymers CH2OCH2- [(C6H3OR)CH2O(CH2OCH2)n−1] where R = –C16H33 or –C18H37 and n = 5 have been compared. Three-component systems incorporating equimolar proportions to the repeating unit of ‘expander' C16H33OH or C18H38 are also discussed. The laminar structures of the complexes have been modelled by molecular dynamics. The LB multilayer films (400–600 Å) have been characterised using surface pressure–area isotherms, low angle X-ray scattering and impedance spectroscopy. Conductivity measurements both in the plane of the films and normal to the plane are reported and compared with measurements on bulk (100 μm) films. Temperature-independent conductivity is observed in the ‘normal-to-plane' LB measurements. We propose that a morphological transformation occurs at the first heating during which the ion-mobile interlamellar planes become oriented normal to the electrodes.
Keratinocyte Growth Factor Stimulates Migration and Hyaluronan Synthesis in the Epidermis by Activation of Keratinocyte Hyaluronan Synthases 2 and 3 (2003)

Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) activates keratinocyte migration and stimulates wound healing. Hyaluronan, an extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycan that accumulates in wounded epidermis, is known to promote cell migration, suggesting that increased synthesis of hyaluronan might be associated with the KGF response in keratinocytes. Treatment of monolayer cultures of rat epidermal keratinocytes led to an elongated and lifted cell shape, increased filopodial protrusions, enhanced cell migration, accumulation of intermediate size hyaluronan in the culture medium and within keratinocytes, and a rapid increase of hyaluronan synthase 2 (Has2) mRNA, suggesting a direct influence on this gene. In stratified, organotypic cultures of the same cell line, both Has2 and Has3 with the hyaluronan receptor CD44 were up-regulated and hyaluronan accumulated in the epidermis, the spinous cell layer in particular. At the same time the expression of the early differentiation marker keratin 10 was inhibited, whereas filaggrin expression and epidermal permeability were less affected. The data indicate that Has2 and Has3 belong to the targets of KGF in keratinocytes, and support the idea that enhanced hyaluronan synthesis acts an effector for the migratory response of keratinocytes in wound healing, whereas it may delay keratinocyte terminal differentiation.
Multifunctional Gemini Surfactants: Structure, Synthesis, Properties and Applications (2017)

Gemini cationic surfactants are compounds which are composed of two hydrophilic head groups and two hydrophobic tails linked by a spacer at the head groups or closed to them. The spacer can be either hydrophobic or hydrophilic. It can be rigid or flexible. The neutral charge of the molecule is retained by the presence of organic or inorganic counterions. Critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), surface tension (γ) and minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) are dozen times lower than corresponding parameters of monomeric surfactants. The unique properties of gemini surfactants with a wide range of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) make them a very useful, innovative material in detergents, cosmetics, personal care products, additives for paints and coatings, biocides, material science, organic synthesis, pharmacy, textiles, enhanced oil recovery, nanotechnology, petroleum and many other branches of life. A large number of papers concerning gemini surfactants have been published so far. This review presents a synthetic look at current work devoted to structure, synthesis and applications of gemini surfactants.
Production of margarine fats by enzymatic interesterification with silica‐granulated <i>Thermomyces lanuginosa</i> lipase in a large‐scale study (2001)

Abstract Interesterification of a blend of palm stearin and coconut oil (75∶25, w/w), catalyzed by an immobilized Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase by silica granulation, Lipozyme TL IM, was studied for production of margarine fats in a 1‐ or 300‐kg pilot‐scale batch‐stirred tank reactor. Parameters and reusability were investigated. The comparison was carried out between enzymatic and chemical interesterified products. Experimentally, Lipozyme TL IM had similar activity to Lipozyme IM for the interesterification of the blend. Within the range of 55–80°C, temperature had little influence on the degree of interesterification for 6‐h reaction, but it had slight impact on the content of free fatty acids (FFA). Drying of Lipozyme TL IM from water content 6 to 3% did not affect its activity, whereas it greatly reduced FFA and diacylglycerol contents in the products. Lipozyme TL IM was stable in the 1‐kg scale reactor at least for 11 batches and the 300‐kg pilot‐scale reactor at least for nine batches. Due to regiospecificity of the lipase ( sn ‐1,3 specific), enzymatically interesterified products had different fatty acid distribution at sn ‐2 position from the chemically randomized products, implying the potential nutritional benefits of the new technology.
Design issues of Media Access Control (MAC) protocol for multi-media traffic over DS-CDMA systems (2002)

ABSTRACT: We propose an efficient uplink MAC protocol for a variable spreading gain interference-limited W-CDMA system. It can, with high spectral efficiency, support both real-time traffic like speech and video and also non-real-time data traffic based on packet transmission. The schemes for power allocation, scheduling, and transmission rate adaptation for non-real time data traffic schemes are designed as integrated parts of the MAC, working jointly to improve the system performance. With these associated resource management mechanisms, the performance of the MAC protocol with two different channel allocation methods for RT traffic are compared (one is demanding channel allocation, and the other is named reserved channel allocation, in which a certain bandwidth is reserved for concurrent RT traffic). 1.
An Overview on Thermal Safety Issues of Lithium-ion Batteries for Electric Vehicle Application (2018)

Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are being intensively studied and universally used as power sources for electric vehicle applications. Despite the staggering growth in sales of LIBs worldwide, thermal safety issues still turn out to be the most intolerable pain point, and remain the focus of research for technological improvements. This paper presents a comprehensive overview on thermal safety issues of LIBs, in terms of thermal behavior and thermal runaway modeling and tests for battery cells, and safety management strategies for battery packs. Considering heat generation mechanism and thermal characteristics of LIBs, heat generation, dissipation and accumulation inside a cell are elaborated. The triggering factors leading to thermal runaway are also summarized. Finally, thermal runaway detection and prevention strategies for both cell- and pack-levels are introduced. Different engineering approaches from material refinement and additive adoption to thermal, electrical, and mechanical design are presented for thermal runaway prevention.
Deletion of Angiotensin II Type 2 Receptor Exaggerated Atherosclerosis in Apolipoprotein E–Null Mice (2005)

These results suggest that AT2 receptor stimulation attenuates atherosclerosis through inhibition of oxidative stress and that the antiatherosclerotic effect of valsartan could be at least partly due to AT2 receptor stimulation by unbound Ang II.
Splicing of the adenovirus-2 E1A 13S mRNA requires a minimal intron length and specific intron signals (1985)

The adenovirus E1A region encodes three overlapping mRNAs, designated 9S, 12S and 13S. They differ from each other with regard to the length of the intron which is removed by RNA splicing. We have constructed E1A genes with deletions and insertions in the intervening sequence that is common to all three E1A mRNAs, in a search for signals which influence splicing of the 13S mRNA. Mutant plasmids were transfected into HeLa cells and the transiently expressed E1A mRNAs characterized by the S1 protection assay. The results show that five upstream and 20 downstream nucleotides are sufficient to allow for a correct utilization of the 5'-splice junction for the E1A 13S mRNA. Moreover, we show that a minimal intron length of 78 nucleotides is required for efficient 13S mRNA splicing. The ability of mutants with large intron deletions to maturate a 13S mRNA could partially be restored by expanding the intron length with phage lambda sequences. However, in no case was the normal splicing efficiency obtained with these mutants. In contrast, one mutant in which sequences from the authentic 13S mRNA intron were used to expand the intron expressed almost normal levels of 13S mRNA, thus suggesting that signals which specifically promote 13S mRNA splicing exist.
Single-antenna interference cancellation for complex-valued signal constellations with applications to GSM/EDGE (2011)

Different approaches for single antenna interference cancellation (SAIC) in GSM/EDGE have been proposed. Most of them work best in synchronous interference environments. We propose three different modifications of the conventional EDGE receiver, which target the harmful effects of asynchronous co-channel interference (ACCI). All modifications are applicable to all linear modulation alphabets and do not require any modification of the GSM/EDGE air interface. We model the effect of ACCI as impulsive Generalized Gaussian noise. The proposed methods include a modification of the conventional path metrics for the reduced-state equalizer and the decoder, respectively, as well as a Viterbi algorithm, which performs erasure decoding. Based on simulation results, the performances of the proposed schemes are compared with that of a standard GSM/EDGE receiver. We show that all three proposed schemes outperform the standard receiver in ACCI environments and discuss their complexity.
Oral immunization against pox. Studies on fowl pox as a model. (1976)

On behalf of President Roosevelt, George B. Cortelyou invites William H. Brawley to dinner at the White House.
The absorption spectrum of diacetylene in the vacuum ultraviolet (1967)

Abstract The spectra of diacetylene-h2 and diacetylene-d2 have been photographed in the vacuum ultraviolet region as far as 1000 Å. Comparison of the spectra of the normal and deuterated molecules has led to an extensive vibrational analysis. A revised assignment of the Rydberg origin bands is proposed. This gives a new spectroscopic value of the first ionization potential of 10.180 ± 0.003 eV, in agreement with the electron impact value. Some bands at shorter wavelengths are arranged in a new Rydberg series leading to the second ionization potential, for which a value of 12.62 ± 0.04 eV is found. The results of the analysis correlate in a satis­factory way with the 'T' spectrum of the diacetylene positive ion. The mean of the first and second ionization potentials of diacetylene is found to be equal within experimental error to the first ionization potential of acetylene. Some anomalous features of the spectrum are noted and discussed. The Fermi resonance in the ‘T’ spectrum between v3 and 2v7 is also discussed, and it is concluded that the current assignment should be reversed.
Investigational glucagon receptor antagonists in Phase I and II clinical trials for diabetes (2017)

Despite type 2 diabetes (T2D) being recognized as a bihormonal pancreatic disease, current therapies are mainly focusing on insulin, while targeting glucagon has been long dismissed. However, glucagon receptor (GCGr) antagonists are currently investigated in clinical trials. Area covered: Following a brief description of the rationale for antagonizing GCGr in T2D, lessons from GCGr knock-out mice and pharmacological means to antagonize GCGr, a detailed description of the main results obtained with GCGr antagonists in Phase I-II clinical trials is provided. The development of several small molecules has been discontinued, while new ones are currently considered as well as innovative approaches such as monoclonal antibodies or antisense oligonucleotides inhibiting GCGr gene expression. Their potential benefits but also limitations are discussed. Expert opinion: The proof-of-concept that antagonizing GCGr improves glucose control in T2D has been confirmed in humans. Nevertheless, some adverse events led to stopping the development of some of these GCGr antagonists. New approaches seem to have a better benefit/risk balance, although none has progressed to Phase III clinical trials so far. Pharmacotherapy of T2D is becoming a highly competitive field so that GCGr antagonists should provide clear advantages over numerous existing glucose-lowering medications before eventually reaching clinical practice.
A Comparison of Diets with and without Oats in Adults with Celiac Disease (1995)

Moderate amounts of oats can be included in a gluten-free diet for most adult patients with celiac disease without adverse effects.
Association Between Smoking and Risk of Bladder Cancer Among Men and Women (2011)

Compared with a pooled estimate of US data from cohorts initiated between 1963 and 1987, relative risks for smoking in the more recent NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study cohort were higher, with PARs for women comparable with those for men.
Scaffoldless engineered enzyme assembly for enhanced methanol utilization (2016)

Methanol is an important feedstock derived from natural gas and can be chemically converted into commodity and specialty chemicals at high pressure and temperature. Although biological conversion of methanol can proceed at ambient conditions, there is a dearth of engineered microorganisms that use methanol to produce metabolites. In nature, methanol dehydrogenase (Mdh), which converts methanol to formaldehyde, highly favors the reverse reaction. Thus, efficient coupling with the irreversible sequestration of formaldehyde by 3-hexulose-6-phosphate synthase (Hps) and 6-phospho-3-hexuloseisomerase (Phi) serves as the key driving force to pull the pathway equilibrium toward central metabolism. An emerging strategy to promote efficient substrate channeling is to spatially organize pathway enzymes in an engineered assembly to provide kinetic driving forces that promote carbon flux in a desirable direction. Here, we report a scaffoldless, self-assembly strategy to organize Mdh, Hps, and Phi into an engineered supramolecular enzyme complex using an SH3-ligand interaction pair, which enhances methanol conversion to fructose-6-phosphate (F6P). To increase methanol consumption, an "NADH Sink" was created using <i>Escherichia coli</i> lactate dehydrogenase as an NADH scavenger, thereby preventing reversible formaldehyde reduction. Combination of the two strategies improved in vitro F6P production by 97-fold compared with unassembled enzymes. The beneficial effect of supramolecular enzyme assembly was also realized in vivo as the engineered enzyme assembly improved whole-cell methanol consumption rate by ninefold. This approach will ultimately allow direct coupling of enhanced F6P synthesis with other metabolic engineering strategies for the production of many desired metabolites from methanol.
Comparison of semi-automated image analysis and manual methods for tissue quantification in pancreatic carcinoma (2002)

Objective measurements of tissue area during histological examination of carcinoma can yield valuable prognostic information. However, such measurements are not made routinely because the current manual approach is time consuming and subject to large statistical sampling error. In this paper, a semi-automated image analysis method for measuring tissue area in histological samples is applied to the measurement of stromal tissue, cell cytoplasm and lumen in samples of pancreatic carcinoma and compared with the standard manual point counting method. Histological samples from 26 cases of pancreatic carcinoma were stained using the sirius red, light-green method. Images from each sample were captured using two magnifications. Image segmentation based on colour cluster analysis was used to subdivide each image into representative colours which were classified manually into one of three tissue components. Area measurements made using this technique were compared to corresponding manual measurements and used to establish the comparative accuracy of the semi-automated image analysis technique, with a quality assurance study to measure the repeatability of the new technique. For both magnifications and for each tissue component, the quality assurance study showed that the semi-automated image analysis algorithm had better repeatability than its manual equivalent. No significant bias was detected between the measurement techniques for any of the comparisons made using the 26 cases of pancreatic carcinoma. The ratio of manual to semi-automatic repeatability errors varied from 2.0 to 3.6. Point counting would need to be increased to be between 400 and 1400 points to achieve the same repeatability as for the semi-automated technique. The results demonstrate that semi-automated image analysis is suitable for measuring tissue fractions in histological samples prepared with coloured stains and is a practical alternative to manual point counting.