gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A first-in-human, phase l study to evaluate the dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitor GDC-0980 administered QD in patients with advanced solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. (2010)

3079 Background: The PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway is deregulated in a wide variety of cancers. GDC-0980 is a potent, highly selective, oral, dual inhibitor of class I PI3K and mTOR kinase. GDC-0980 demonstrates broad preclinical activity in breast, ovarian, lung, and prostate cancer models. Methods: This phase I dose escalation study (PIM4604g) for patients (pts) with solid tumors or non-Hodgkin's lymphoma used a 3+3 design. GDC-0980 was given on day 1, followed by 1wk washout to study single-dose pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic (PD) markers. GDC-0980 was then dosed QD on a 3wk on/1wk off schedule. Steady-state PK and PD were evaluated after 1wk of continuous dosing. Objectives were to determine maximum tolerated dose and dose-limiting toxicity (DLT), evaluate PD endpoints (pAKT in platelet-rich plasma [PRP] and optional fluorodeoxyglucose [FDG] uptake via positron emission tomography imaging [PET]), and describe anti-tumor activity. Results: Twelve pts have been enrolled in 4 successive dose-escalation cohorts with dose levels of 2-, 4-, 8-, and 16 mg GDC-0980 daily. The most frequently reported adverse events were nausea (25%), fatigue (50%), diarrhea (42%), and flatulence (25%). No drug-related grade 3 or higher events or DLT have been reported to date. Preliminary PK data suggest dose-proportional increases in Cmax and AUC. Preliminary PD data shows >50% inhibition of pAKT levels assayed in PRP (relative to baseline) following a single dose of 8 mg and higher GDC-0980. Potential signs of antitumor activity have been observed in a mesothelioma pt (previously treated with radiation and cisplatin/pemetrexed) who had a decrease in target lesions of ∼32% by RECIST after one cycle of 8 mg GDC-0980 QD and a soft tissue sarcoma pt who had a decrease in tumor mean SUVmax of ∼31% assessed by FDG-PET after 2 weeks of 16 mg GDC- 0980 QD. Conclusions: GDC-0980 is generally well tolerated up to 16 mg administered orally QD with potential signs of antitumor activity. Preliminary PK data suggest dose-proportional increases in exposure over the dose levels evaluated. Dose-escalation continues and updated data will be presented. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration Genentech, Institute of Cancer Research Arno Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Exelixis, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer Roche Arno Therapeutics, AstraZeneca, Exelixis, Genentech, GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, Novartis, Pfizer Genentech
Current equalization in SPWM FACTS controllers at lowest switching rates (1999)

This paper shows that sinusoidal pulsewidth modulation (SPWM) flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controllers can be synthesized by employing the phase-shifted triangle carrier technique to multiconverters at a switching rate of only three pulses. The options of parallel, series and series/parallel module connections are examined for current equalization. This paper presents simulation and experimental results.
Toward integrated single-photon-counting microarrays (2003)

Silicon, shallow junction, Geiger-mode avalanche photo- diodes (APDs) can be manufactured with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) compatible processing steps and provide single- photon-counting sensitivity. As we move toward providing integrated de- tection of increasingly nanoscopic-sized emissions, small-area detectors and arrays that can be easily integrated into marketable systems will be required. Geiger-mode diodes with diameters of 10, 15, and 20 mm are manufactured and the dark counts measured at 10 V above breakdown are 9, 95, and 990, respectively, at room temperature. The simulated and measured optical crosstalk is found to be significantly reduced for detec- tor pixel pitches beyond 300 mm. The activation energy of the dark count with temperature is found to be 0.58 eV, representing an order of mag- nitude drop in dark count for every 27°C decrease in temperature. The responsivity of the detectors, without antireflection coatings, is found to peak between 550 and 650 nm with a photon detection probability of 43% at 10 V above the breakdown voltage. The low dark counts of the detectors and high photon detection probability highlight the potential these detectors have for fluorescence decay experiments and also in future integrated photonic detection systems. © 2003 Society of Photo-Optical
The Use of Electrets in Electrical Instruments (1940)

An electret is a permanently electrically polarized material and exhibits an electric field near its free surface which keeps undiminished for years. It is possible to utilize this field in electrical appliances. Experiments and devices on this line are described in the following paper.
Effect of Cardiac Function on Cognition and Brain Structural Changes in Dementia (2012)

Cardiac dysfunction represented by LA enlargement could be related to cognitive decline and WMC of the brain resulting from impairment of the cerebral hemodynamic process in dementia.
An Asynchronous Analog Self-Powered CMOS Sensor-Data-Logger With a 13.56 MHz RF Programming Interface (2011)

Design and implementation of a hybrid energy scavenging integrated circuit (IC) is presented which includes an asynchronous self-powered analog sensor-data-logger (SDL) unit and a 13.56 MHz radio-frequency (RF) programming interface. The SDL unit operates on an event-based analog self-powering technique where the energy for sensing, computation and non-volatile storage is harvested directly from the signal being sensed. By exploiting operational primitives inherent in a controlled hot-electron injection mechanism, the SDL unit eliminates the need for voltage regulation, energy storage, ADCs, MCUs and RAMs which are commonly used in traditional energy scavenging sensors. Remote programming and data interrogation of the SDL unit are performed using an integrated 13.56 MHz RF back-telemetry interface. The interface consists of a 6-instruction set digital command and control unit based on a token-ring architecture; a high-voltage generator for programming floating-gate (FG) transistors; and an RF front-end unit for communicating with an external reader. We show that the self-powered design is suitable for integration with electro-capacitive transducers (e.g., piezoelectric transducers) that can generate open-load voltages greater than 5 V and drive currents less than 200 nA. Measured results from prototypes fabricated in a 0.5-μ m standard CMOS process demonstrate that the IC consumes less than 90 nA in the self-powering mode and less than 200 μW of power in the RF-powering mode with an interrogation distance up to 40 mm. By combining self-powering and RF-powering, we show that the sensor experiences minimum down-time and can continuously monitor and record level-crossing statistics of different attributes of sensor signals.
At the national physical laboratory open days, May 1962 (1962)

Abstract There has been growing interest in recent years in the intrinsic stresses in evaporated thin films. Apart from the relevance of such stresses to nucleation theory, film structure and gas absorption, their measurement and control is of importance in many thin film optical components. In some cases, the stresses can lead to the complete breakdown of thin films resulting in optical scattering and occasionally substrate deformation.
The altered glucose metabolism in tumor and a tumor acidic microenvironment associated with extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer and monocarboxylate transporters (2016)

Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer, also knowns as cluster of differentiation 147 (CD147) or basigin, is a widely distributed cell surface glycoprotein that is involved in numerous physiological and pathological functions, especially in tumor invasion and metastasis. Monocarboxylate transporters (MCTs) catalyze the proton-linked transport of monocarboxylates such as L-lactate across the plasma membrane to preserve the intracellular pH and maintain cell homeostasis. As a chaperone to some MCT isoforms, CD147 overexpression significantly contributes to the metabolic transformation of tumor. This overexpression is characterized by accelerated aerobic glycolysis and lactate efflux, and it eventually provides the tumor cells with a metabolic advantage and an invasive phenotype in the acidic tumor microenvironment. This review highlights the roles of CD147 and MCTs in tumor cell metabolism and the associated molecular mechanisms. The regulation of CD147 and MCTs may prove to be with a therapeutic potential for tumors through the metabolic modification of the tumor microenvironment.
A comparison between satellite DVB conditional access and secure IP multicast (2005)

Security of satellite data is becoming an important issue. The DVB (TV broadcasting) Conditional Access system used in satellite broadcasting has however been surrounded by controversy for many years due to the spread of counterfeit smart cards, and this paper examines the weaknesses of current DVB-S security. We provide an alternative solution to secure multicast services over satellites using IPSEC and a group key management system called GSAKMP.
Advanced Soil Mechanics (2013)

What's New in the Fourth Edition:The fourth edition further examines the relationships between the maximum and minimum void ratios of granular soils and adds the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) soil classification system. It summarizes soil compaction procedures and Proctor compaction tests. It introduces
Experimental Prototyping in Smalltalk (1987)

Smalltalk promotes fearless programming. Users can signicantly alter an application — even the system itself — without fearing unrecoverable disasters.
Transforming growth factor‐β and epidermal growth factor modulate basal and interleukin‐6‐induced amino acid uptake and acute phase protein synthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes (1990)

Rat hepatocytes cultured for 2 days with interleukin-6 show increased synthesis of acute phase proteins and enhanced accumulation of 14C-labelled alpha-aminoisobutyric acid. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (0.1-10 ng/ml) inhibits whereas epidermal growth factor (1-100 ng/ml) enhances both basal and interleukin-6-induced amino acid uptake by rat hepatocytes with only a slight alteration of acute phase protein synthesis.
Classification of motor unit activity following targeted muscle reinnervation (2015)

For the past six decades, signal processing methods for myoelectric control of prostheses consisted mainly of calculating time- and frequency domain features of the EMG signal. This type of feature extraction considers the surface EMG as colored noise, neglecting its generation as a sum of motor unit activities. In this study we propose the use of motor unit behavior for classifying motor tasks with the aim of myoelectric control. We recorded high-density surface EMG of three patients who underwent targeted muscle reinnervation, and decomposed these signals into motor unit spike trains using an automatic offline EMG decomposition method. From the motor unit spike trains we used the number of discharges in each analysis interval as a feature for a support vector machine classifier. The same classifier was used for discriminating classic time-domain EMG features, for comparison. Classification accuracy was greater for motor unit information than for the classic features (97.06%±1.74 vs 85.01%±13.66), especially when the number of classes was high (95.11% ± 1.74 vs 69.25% ± 4.04 for 11 classes). These results suggest that the identification of motor unit activity from surface EMG can be a powerful way for pattern recognition in targeted muscle reinnervation patients.
Niacin Treatment of Stroke Increases Synaptic Plasticity and Axon Growth in Rats (2010)

Niacin treatment of stroke promotes synaptic plasticity and axon growth, which is mediated, at least partially, by the brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tropomyosin-related kinase B pathways.
Design of omnidirectional reflector air-waveguide (2004)

In this paper, we study the structure of air-waveguide surrounded by omnidirectional reflectors for both vertical and horizontal confinements. The structure is designed for the fabrication processes using GaAs-based materials and their oxides with which the omnidirectional reflectors have been demonstrated elsewhere. The vertical and horizontal confinements are achieved by the omnidirectional reflectors consisting of AlGaAs/AlGaAs -oxide multilayers and AlGaAs/air multilayers, respectively. Due to large index difference between GaAs (n=3.53) and AlAs-oxide (n=1.56), large photonic band gap can be obtained. In our design, AlGaAs (n=3.2) and AlGaAs-oxide (n=2.2) are used as the materials for growth of multilayers. The band structure of the omnidirectional reflector is calculated by transfer matrix method. For the AlGaAs/air multilayers, with the thickness ratio of the AlGaAs/air multilayers to be 40%/60%, the normalized band gap that is in the range between 0.18 to 0.34 and 0.45 to 0.62 exists only for the TE mode. With a pulsed input light of the wavelength at 1.55 /spl mu/m launched at the position of z=0, the entrance of the air-waveguide, the propagation loss is calculated. The minimum propagation loss is 0.23 dB//spl mu/m for the wavelength at 1.596 /spl mu/m. By tuning the structure of the omnidirectional reflector and the air-waveguide, for example by increasing the period of the multilayers, the propagation loss can still be decreased.
A Review on Biodegradation of Polythene: The Microbial Approach (2012)

The use of polythene is increasing day by day and its degradation is becoming a great challenge. Annually about 500 billion to 1 trillion polythene carry bags are being consumed around the globe. Polythene is durable and needs up to 1000 years for natural degradation in the environment. In the present review, an attempt has been made to pool all the available literature on the biodegradation of polythene under the following objectives: (1) to highlight the level of polythene pollution; (2) to enlist the cost effective methods; (3) to pool the source of polythene degrading microbes; (4) to brief the mechanism of polythene degradation; (5) to highlight the methods used for the biodegradation of the polythene; (6) to discuss the assessment of polythene degradation by efficient microbes; (7) to enlist the products of polythene under degradation process; (8) to test the toxicity level of the products of the degraded polythene, and (9) to discuss the future aspects of polythene degradation.
Speaking their Sex (1996)

  In Sex Education in the Eighties, Mary Calderstone concludes her article with the most common raison d'etre for formal, school-based sex education:  We can no longer allow our young children to be see-sawed back and forth between public over-permissiveness and exploitativeness, on the one hand, and private repressiveness, punishment, shame, guilt, or total silence on the other as we see happening now … Our children are sexual: they are born that way and would not be considered normal if this were not so. It is our responsibility to help parents not to fear or repress their children's sexuality, but to help it to mature safely along with all the other wondrous endowments that are part of being a human child.
Probabilistic Non-Local Means (2013)

In this letter, we propose a so-called probabilistic non-local means (PNLM) method for image denoising. Our main contributions are: 1) we point out defects of the weight function used in the classic NLM; 2) we successfully derive all theoretical statistics of patch-wise differences for Gaussian noise; and 3) we employ this prior information and formulate the probabilistic weights truly reflecting the similarity between two noisy patches. Our simulation results indicate the PNLM outperforms the classic NLM and many NLM recent variants in terms of the peak signal noise ratio (PSNR) and the structural similarity (SSIM) index. Encouraging improvements are also found when we replace the NLM weights with the PNLM weights in tested NLM variants.
Determination of liposome size distribution by flow cytometry (2000)

Demonstration of stability, reproducibility, and reliability of results make the employment of this method acceptable for an adequate routine analysis technique.
Maturation of active zone assembly by <i>Drosophila</i> Bruchpilot (2009)

Synaptic vesicles fuse at active zone (AZ) membranes where Ca(2+) channels are clustered and that are typically decorated by electron-dense projections. Recently, mutants of the Drosophila melanogaster ERC/CAST family protein Bruchpilot (BRP) were shown to lack dense projections (T-bars) and to suffer from Ca(2+) channel-clustering defects. In this study, we used high resolution light microscopy, electron microscopy, and intravital imaging to analyze the function of BRP in AZ assembly. Consistent with truncated BRP variants forming shortened T-bars, we identify BRP as a direct T-bar component at the AZ center with its N terminus closer to the AZ membrane than its C terminus. In contrast, Drosophila Liprin-alpha, another AZ-organizing protein, precedes BRP during the assembly of newly forming AZs by several hours and surrounds the AZ center in few discrete punctae. BRP seems responsible for effectively clustering Ca(2+) channels beneath the T-bar density late in a protracted AZ formation process, potentially through a direct molecular interaction with intracellular Ca(2+) channel domains.
Effect of Ketorolac on <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Ocular Infection in Rabbits (1988)

Corticosteroids can exacerbate bacterial ocular infections, even in the presence of antibiotics. Ketorolac tromethamine is a new non-steroidal compound being considered as an anti-inflammatory ophthalmic drug. In this study, rabbits ocularly infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa were treated topically with 0.4 percent tobramycin sulfate 4 times daily for 7 days to control infection. At the same times, either 0.5 percent ketorolac, 0.1 percent dexamethasone or vehicle was also given topically. Animals were scored for severity of both conjunctivitis (maximum severity rates score of 10) and corneal opacity (maximum of 4) using the Draize scale. Severity of the infection was determined by counting the number of punctate lesions which developed on the cornea. Nine days after treatment ended, the number of these lesions was the same for ketorolac as for the vehicle (respectively, 16.7 +/- 3 and 13.8 +/- 3, mean +/- SE, n = 24), indicating no exacerbation of the infection, whereas with dexamethasone these parameters increased (30.2 +/- 4, n = 24). During treatment, ketorolac reduced conjunctivitis (1.8 +/- 0.2, n = 120) when compared with the vehicle (2.9 +/- 0.2, n = 120), whereas dexamethasone did not (3.8 +/- 0.2, n V 120); neither ketorolac nor dexamethasone reduced corneal opacity (respectively, 2.3 +/- 0.05 and 2.6 +/- 0.1, n = 24) compared with vehicle (2.2 +/- 0.05, n = 24). After treatment, both conjunctivitis and corneal opacity became more severe only in dexamethasone treated eyes (respectively, 4.4 +/- 0.2, n = 120 and 3.0 +/- 0.02, n = 24). Thus, ketorolac appears to be an anti-inflammatory agent that does not worsen bacterial ocular infection.
A new live virtual machine migration strategy (2012)

Virtualization can provide significant benefits in data centers by enabling virtual machine migration to eliminate hotspots. In order to improve the overall resource utilization, we propose a new live virtual machine migration strategy. In the strategy, we use the load characteristics to implement hotspots detection, selection of virtual machine and migration destination host according to some multi-threshold patterns. Experimental results show that the new virtual machine migration strategy can effectively support live migration.
Immunoassay by Differential Pulse Polarography (1979)

An immunological method based on labeling an antigen with an electroactive group detectable by differential pulse polarography has been demonstrated. Estriol labeled with mercuric acetate is electroactive, giving a reduction wave at -300 millivolts versus a standard calomel electrode. Addition of estriol antibody to 4-mercuric acetate estriol diminishes the peak current as a result of the antigen-antibody binding reaction. Separation of free-labeled estriol from antibody-bound-labeled antigen is unnecessary. The method is potentially useful as an analytical immunological technique.
Abnormal expression of hemidesmosome-like structures by junctional epidermolysis bullosa keratinocytes in vitro (1990)

Hemidesmosomes are frequently rudimentary in junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB), and JEB keratinocytes display abnormal attachment to the substrate in culture. Our aim was to determine whether this abnormality reflects defective hemidesmosome synthesis in vitro. Keratinocytes from five JEB patients were cultured under standard conditions. Control cultures, from four healthy males, three patients with dystrophic EB (DEB), and one patient with the simplex variant (EBS), were also examined. Post-confluent cultures were processed for transmission electron microscopy. Hemidesmosome-like structures were counted in electron micrograph montages. The number of hemidesmosome-like structures in JEB cultures (0.97 +/- 0.57, per 10 microns of basal cell membrane) was approximately 17% of the value for normal controls (5.81 +/- 3.08, P less than 0.02). The values for EBS (3.72) and DEB (3.28 +/- 1.44) were not statistically different from normal controls. In addition hemidesmosome-like structures in JEB cultures were morphologically ill-defined, compared with those from controls. This correlated with the loose apposition between JEB keratinocytes and the substrate, which appeared tight in controls. JEB keratinocytes continue to express in vitro a major phenotypic abnormality which characterizes the disease in vivo. Therefore, this model should prove useful in studies determining the pathogenesis and possible new treatments of JEB.
Oral prostaglandin (PGE<sub>2</sub>) therapy for chronic viral hepatitis B and C (1999)

The cytoprotective effects of prostaglandins have been utilized in the prevention of hepatitis B virus reactivation after liver transplantation. This pilot study evaluated the effects of oral prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in chronic viral hepatitis B and C. Twenty patients with chronic hepatitis B and 20 patients with chronic hepatitis C received 4mg day-1 PGE2 for 6 months. The lymphocyte antiviral enzyme 2',5'-oligoadenylate synthetase (2',5'-OAS) and peripheral blood monocyte procoagulant activity (PCA) were measured before, during and after the treatment. Three of 20 hepatitis B and five of 20 hepatitis C patients withdrew from the study. Eight of 17 hepatitis B patients responded: in seven of these eight patients, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels normalized; loss of viral replication was sustained in all eight patients; and seroconversion from hepatitis Be antigen (HBeAg) to hepatitis Be antibody (HBeAb) positivity occurred in seven patients over the 48-week duration of this study. In 14 of the 15 hepatitis C patients, hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA remained detectable and the serum ALT levels remained elevated. 2',5'-OAS levels and PCA values did not correlate with other markers of response to PGE2 therapy in either chronic hepatitis B or C. In summary, PGE2 was associated with sustained loss of viral replication in 47% of chronic hepatitis B patients; no beneficial effects were apparent in chronic hepatitis C.