gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sp1 Is Phosphorylated and Its DNA Binding Activity Down-regulated upon Terminal Differentiation of the Liver (1995)

Using nuclear extracts prepared from rat liver it was demonstrated that binding of a transcription factor to site II of the D-site binding protein promoter could be induced by dephosphorylation of these extracts. Competition band shifts and supershift assays reveal this protein to be the general transcription factor Sp1. Phosphorylation of Sp1 appears to occur as a result of terminal differentiation of the liver. Proteins from both 1-day-old rat liver and adult liver undergoing regeneration have less of the phosphorylated form of Sp1 present with consequent increased DNA binding activity. Sp1 is similarly phosphorylated in brain, kidney, and spleen with phosphatase treatment of the extracts significantly increasing the level of DNA binding activity. Dephosphorylation of Sp1 results in a 10-fold increase in the affinity of Sp1 for its cognate site. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis reveals that approximately 20% of the detectable protein appears to be in the phosphorylated form in adult liver extracts. Another protein with similar characteristics also appears to be present in the liver. Decreasing Sp1 DNA binding activity by phosphorylation may be an important mechanism for regulating gene expression, and possibly bringing about growth arrest during terminal differentiation.
Synthesis of Saframycins. VIII. Synthesis of the ABC Ring of Safracins. (1992)

An efficient synthesis of the 1, 5-imino-3-benzazocine derivative (18) from 1, 4-diacetyl-2, 5-piperazinedione (7) and 4-methoxy-3-methylbenzaldehyde (8) is described. The tricyclic lactam (18) is shown to be a useful intermediate for preparation of a phenol (5), which has the structure of the ABC ring system of safracins and ecteinascidins. This conversion is a promising route to total synthesis of (±)-safracin A (1a).
Size effects on the hydrogen storage properties of nanostructured metal hydrides: A review (2007)

Hydrogen is considered a good energy carrier candidate for future automotive applications that could be part of a carbon-free cycle. Metal hydrides are often preferred over pressurized gas and other hydrogen storage methods because of their gravimetric and volumetric storage capacities and safe operating pressures. In addition to the hydrogen storage capacity, other properties that have often been disregarded must now be addressed before hydrogen storage in metal hydrides becomes feasible. The slow hydriding/dehydriding kinetics, high release temperature, low storage efficiency due to the high enthalpy of formation, and thermal management during the hydriding reaction remain important difficulties in meeting the objectives set by the Department of Energy (DOE) for hydrogen storage systems. Nanotechnology offers new ways of addressing those issues by taking advantage of the distinctive chemical and physical properties observed in nanostructures. Nanostructured materials significantly improve the reaction kinetics, reduce the enthalpy of formation, and lower the hydrogen absorption and release temperatures through destabilization of the metal hydride and multiple catalytic effects in the system. But nanostructures can also lead to poor cyclability, degradation of the sorption properties, and a significant reduction of the thermal conductivity that could make metal hydrides impractical for hydrogen storage. This review summarizes the effects that nanotechnology can have on the main properties of metal hydrides and highlights the main competing behaviours between the system requirements, the necessary trade-offs, and the research priorities necessary to obtain hydride storage materials for practical automotive applications. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sol–Gel Processing of Lead Titanate in 2‐Methoxyethanol: Investigations into the Nature of the Prehydrolyzed Solutions (1988)

A previously developed system for the sol–gel processing of lead titanate powders and films has been analyzed by a variety of spectroscopic, chromatographic, and wet‐chemical means. The results indicate that refluxing Pb(OAc) 2 ˙3H 2 O in 2‐methoxyethanol is accompanied by the volatilization of 0.5 equiv of organic acetate and results in solutions containing what is believed to be anhydrous basic lead acetate, 3Pb(OAc) 2 ˙PbO. This has been isolated as its monohydrate, which has been fully characterized by elemental (C, H, Pb), infrared, 1 H NMR, and XRD analyses. The anhydrous salt generated in situ reacts further with Ti(OR) 4 under reflux conditions to liberate more organic acetates. The final stoichiometries (one volatilized acetate per lead) tend to preclude the possibility that significant amounts of polymeric intermediates are generated. Analyses of the organic volatiles also indicate that, at least under our conditions, significant trans‐alcoholysis of the precursor Ti(OR) 4 (R=Et, i‐Pr, n‐Pr) occurs (80% to 90% replacement). The conclusions and consequences of these and related observations are presented.
Neutrophil heterogeneity: implications for homeostasis and pathogenesis (2016)

Neutrophils are polymorphonuclear leukocytes of the phagocytic system that act as first line of host defense against invading pathogens but are also important mediators of inflammation-induced injury. In contrast to other members of the innate immune system, neutrophils are classically considered a homogenous population of terminally differentiated cells with a well-defined and highly conserved function. Indeed, their short lifespan, the absent proliferative capacity, their limited ability to produce large amounts of cytokines, and the failure to recirculate from the tissue to the bloodstream have sustained this idea. However, increasing evidence over the last decade has demonstrated an unexpected phenotypic heterogeneity and functional versatility of the neutrophil population. Far beyond their antimicrobial functions, neutrophils are emerging as decision-shapers during innate and adaptive immune responses. These emerging discoveries open a new door to understand the role of neutrophils during homeostatic but also pathogenic immune processes. Thus, this review details novel insights of neutrophil phenotypic and functional heterogeneity during homeostasis and disease.
Apparatus and method for burning a lean, premixed fuel/air mixture with low NOx emission (2023)

An apparatus for enabling a burner to stably burn a lean fuel/air mixture. The burner directs the lean fuel/air mixture in a stream. The apparatus comprises an annular flame stabilizer; and a device for mounting the flame stabilizer in the fuel/air mixture stream. The burner may include a body having an internal bore, in which case, the annular flame stabilizer is shaped to conform to the cross-sectional shape of the bore, is spaced from the bore by a distance greater than about 0.5 mm, and the mounting device mounts the flame stabilizer in the bore. An apparatus for burning a gaseous fuel with low NOx emissions comprises a device for premixing air with the fuel to provide a lean fuel/air mixture; a nozzle having an internal bore through which the lean fuel/air mixture passes in a stream; and a flame stabilizer mounted in the stream of the lean fuel/air mixture. The flame stabilizer may be mounted in the internal bore, in which case, it is shaped and is spaced from the bore as just described. In a method of burning a lean fuel/air mixture, a lean fuel/air mixture is provided, and is directed in a stream; an annular eddy is created in the stream of the lean fuel/air mixture; and the lean fuel/air mixture is ignited at the eddy.
Variation in leaf trichomes of Wigandia urens: environmental factors and physiological consequences (2000)

Seasonal and environmentally induced variation in the type and frequency of leaf trichomes of Wigandia urens (Ruiz & Pavón) Kunth (Hydrophyllaceae) was studied. Depending on the microsite, W. urens plants had smooth leaves with glandular trichomes or bristly leaves with both glandular trichomes and urticant trichomes (stinging hairs). Trichome density (number of urticant trichomes per unit leaf area) was higher in the dry season than in the wet season, and was significantly correlated with both temperature (r = 0.353, P < 0.05) and photosynthetic active radiation (r = 0.313, P < 0.05). Plants established in sun-exposed areas had trichome densities three times higher than those of plants established in shaded areas during the dry season, and 28 times higher during the wet season. At both exposed and shaded sites, trichome densities of the youngest leaves of young plants were higher than those of the youngest leaves of mature plants. In smooth and bristly leaves, transpiration rates decreased with increasing temperature during the day. However, smooth leaves had higher transpiration rates than bristly leaves at both exposed and shaded sites. In laboratory studies, trichome density was significantly (P < 0.01) reduced when small sun-grown plants (0.20-0.30 m tall) were either shaded or irrigated. In larger plants, also, irrigation significantly (P < 0.01) reduced trichome density relative to that of unirrigated controls.
Coordination complexes of functionalized pyrazines with metal ions: reagents for the controlled release of flavourant molecules at elevated temperatures (2006)

The potential for stabilization of volatile flavourant molecules such as functionalized pyrazines by coordination to metal ions, and the application of the resultant coordination complexes as controlled release agents at elevated temperatures were explored. New complexes containing the flavourant molecules 2,3,5-trimethylpyrazine (TMP), 2-ethyl-3-methylpyrazine (EMP) and 2-acetylpyrazine (ACP) with copper(II) and copper(I) salts were prepared and structurally characterized. Representative examples of known copper(II) and calcium(II) complexes containing pyrazine carboxylic acids were also prepared. The complexes were examined by thermal analysis techniques and demonstrated, by a combination of thermogravimetric (TGA) and pyrolysis GC–MS analyses, to act as convenient reagents for the release of the parent pyrazine at elevated temperatures. Thus, pyrolysis GC–MS revealed that the complex [Cu3Cl3(EMP)2]n cleanly releases EMP in 96.5% selectivity at 200 °C. Of particular significance is that the calcium complex [Ca(3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylate)2·H2O], under ramped pyrolysis conditions, was shown to undergo decarboxylation prior to the release of 2-aminopyrazine (AMP), as essentially the only volatile component, in the temperature range 600–800 °C. This finding provides a precedent for the application of complexes of pyrazinecarboxylate salts with metal ions (of which an almost infinite number of combinations is potentially available) as controlled release agents of the parent pyrazine molecule at elevated temperatures, suitable for exploitation by the foodstuffs, flavour and fragrance industries. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Real-Time Human Pose Estimation and Gesture Recognition from Depth Images Using Superpixels and SVM Classifier (2015)

In this paper, we present human pose estimation and gesture recognition algorithms that use only depth information. The proposed methods are designed to be operated with only a CPU (central processing unit), so that the algorithm can be operated on a low-cost platform, such as an embedded board. The human pose estimation method is based on an SVM (support vector machine) and superpixels without prior knowledge of a human body model. In the gesture recognition method, gestures are recognized from the pose information of a human body. To recognize gestures regardless of motion speed, the proposed method utilizes the keyframe extraction method. Gesture recognition is performed by comparing input keyframes with keyframes in registered gestures. The gesture yielding the smallest comparison error is chosen as a recognized gesture. To prevent recognition of gestures when a person performs a gesture that is not registered, we derive the maximum allowable comparison errors by comparing each registered gesture with the other gestures. We evaluated our method using a dataset that we generated. The experiment results show that our method performs fairly well and is applicable in real environments.
Malignant stroma increases luminal breast cancer cell proliferation and angiogenesis through platelet-derived growth factor signaling (2014)

We provide evidence that Luminal breast cancer cells can be targeted by the PDGF signaling pathway leading to estrogen-independent proliferation and angiogenesis. We speculate that stroma-directed therapies, including anti-PDGFR agents like Imatinib, may be useful in combination with other therapies for treatment of luminal cancers.
ACUTE LEUKOPENIA AS AN ALLERGIC REACTION TO SILVER SULFADIAZINE IN BURN PATIENTS (1976)

Of 68 burn patients at the University of Wisoncsin Burn Center treated with silver sulfadiazine cream over 2 years, two (about 3%) developed fever and marked leukopenia. The symptoms disappeared 1-2 days after discontinuation of the cream. The two cases are described and possible mechanisms of allergic response to this agent are discussed.
Reviews Ted Hughes. A Bibliography 2nd edn 1946–1995. By SAGARKEITH and TABORSTEPHEN, London and New York: Mansell, 1998xvii + 470. Pp £90 ISBN 0 72012337 2 (2000)

Journal Article Reviews Get access Ted Hughes. A Bibliography 2nd edn 1946–1995. By KEITH SAGAR and STEPHEN TABOR, London and New York: Mansell, 1998 xvii + 470. Pp £90 ISBN 0 72012337 2 PAUL W. NASH PAUL W. NASH London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Library, Volume 1, Issue 1, March 2000, Pages 95–96, https://doi.org/10.1093/library/1.1.95 Published: 01 March 2000
The effect of mineral matter on the physicochemical and sorption properties of brown coal-based activated carbons (2015)

A series of new carbonaceous adsorbents has been obtained by means of direct and physical activation of Polish brown coal, characterised by high mineral matter content. The influence of activation procedure on the porous structure development, acidic and basic surface groups generation as well as the sorptive properties of the adsorbents prepared toward liquid and gas pollutants was tested. Additionally the effect of mineral matter presence on the physicochemical and sorption properties of materials prepared was studied. The final products were micro/mesoporous activated carbons of medium developed surface area ranging from 407 to 674 m2/g, showing strongly basic or intermediate acidic-basic character of the surface. The results obtained during this study showed that direct and physical activation of low quality brown coal led to activated carbons with very good sorption capacity both toward gas contamination of acidic character (especially nitrogen dioxide) as well as toward methylene blue and inorganic pollutants of molecules of size similar to that of iodine molecules. It was also proved that demineralization of prepared activated carbons by hydrochloric acid significantly reduced their ability to toxic gases sorption, but simultaneously increased the efficiency of removing impurities from the liquid phase.
A Multiple-Time-Region (MTR)-Based Fault Subspace Decomposition and Reconstruction Modeling Strategy for Online Fault Diagnosis (2012)

Time-varying fault characteristics have not yet been addressed by conventional fault-reconstruction-based modeling methods, which could affect fault diagnosis performance. In the present work, the multiple-time-region (MTR) nature, that is, the multiplicity of fault characteristics along with the process evolution, is proposed and efficiently analyzed for fault diagnosis. First, an automatic time-region-division algorithm is developed that can partition the whole fault process into different local regions according to the changes in fault characteristics. Different local fault characteristics are thus analyzed by building different representative fault feature models in multiple time regions. Following the changing relationships between the fault and normal operation statuses, different fault reconstruction actions are finally taken in different time regions. By a proper time-region division, the proposed method can better model the time-varying fault behaviors and capture the different fault-to-normal reconstruction relationships for fault diagnosis. The feasibility and performance of the proposed method are illustrated with the Tennessee Eastman process, revealing enhanced fault understanding and improved fault diagnosis performance.
Electron and hole mobilities in silicon as a function of concentration and temperature (1982)

An analytical expression has been derived for the electron and hole mobility in silicon based on both experimental data and modified Brooks-Herring theory of mobility. The resulting expression allows one to obtain electron and hole mobility as a function of concentration up to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\sim 10^{20}</tex> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> in an extended and continuous temperature range (250-500 K) within ± 13 percent of the reported experimental values.
HIBERT: Document Level Pre-training of Hierarchical Bidirectional Transformers for Document Summarization (2019)

Neural extractive summarization models usually employ a hierarchical encoder for document encoding and they are trained using sentence-level labels, which are created heuristically using rule-based methods. Training the hierarchical encoder with these \emph{inaccurate} labels is challenging. Inspired by the recent work on pre-training transformer sentence encoders \cite{devlin:2018:arxiv}, we propose {\sc Hibert} (as shorthand for {\bf HI}erachical {\bf B}idirectional {\bf E}ncoder {\bf R}epresentations from {\bf T}ransformers) for document encoding and a method to pre-train it using unlabeled data. We apply the pre-trained {\sc Hibert} to our summarization model and it outperforms its randomly initialized counterpart by 1.25 ROUGE on the CNN/Dailymail dataset and by 2.0 ROUGE on a version of New York Times dataset. We also achieve the state-of-the-art performance on these two datasets.
TDDFT Study of the Optical Properties of Cy5 and Its Derivatives (2010)

Cyanine dyes which show a very strong pi-pi* type electronic absorption have attracted attention as active components for optoelectronic applications. In the present study, the optical properties of Cy5 and Cy5-X (X = F, Cl, Br, and I) have been theoretically explored by applying the time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) method. The geometries of the ground state of the studied models have been fully optimized at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ and B3LYP/SDD levels of theory. Based upon the optimized structures of the ground state, the TDDFT calculations were performed to compute the vertical singlet excitation energies and the absorption spectra of the studied species. Compared with the optical properties of Cy5, halogen ions lower the vertical excitation energies and cause the maximum absorption wavelength to be red-shifted for the Cy5-X derivatives. By employing the polarizable continuum model (PCM) approach for all the gas-phase-optimized structures, the influence of solvent effects on the spectra of Cy5 and Cy5-X was considered in three solvents (ethanol, DMSO, and water). The obtained results suggest that the solvents may lower the excitation energy of Cy5. However, for the Cy5-X species the excitation energies are higher in solvents than in the gas phase.
Invariant Common Spatial Patterns: Alleviating Nonstationarities in Brain-Computer Interfacing (2007)

Brain-Computer Interfaces can suffer from a large variance of the subject conditions within and across sessions. For example vigilance fluctuations in the individual, variable task involvement, workload etc. alter the characteristics of EEG signals and thus challenge a stable BCI operation. In the present work we aim to define features based on a variant of the common spatial patterns (CSP) algorithm that are constructed invariant with respect to such nonstationarities. We enforce invariance properties by adding terms to the denominator of a Rayleigh coefficient representation of CSP such as disturbance covariance matrices from fluctuations in visual processing. In this manner physiological prior knowledge can be used to shape the classification engine for BCI. As a proof of concept we present a BCI classifier that is robust to changes in the level of parietal -activity. In other words, the EEG decoding still works when there are lapses in vigilance.
Modelling of Transient Two-Phase Flow Operations and Offshore Pigging (1998)

Abstract Transient gas-liquid processes and operations involving pigging has been successfully applied in hard environments offshore Brazil for assure an efficient oil and gas flow. These pigging operations are: wax control in deep water multiphase flowlines, water and condensate removal from complex offshore pipeline systems and the use of pigging inside the well as an artificial lift system. Despite of the tremendous success of these operations in the last years, they were performed just based on experience. A new subsea boosting system using gas and pig to transport the accumulated oil in the flowline is also proposed and evaluate. This paper describes some of these operations and a new model to simulate them. A two-fluid model was developed to determine the transient behaviour of fluids during these operations. The derived one- dimensional set of equations for each flow pattern describe the flow of fluids in all regions. Semi-implicit finite difference schemes were used to solve the initial and boundary value problem for each phase of the pigging process: gas/pig injection, gas shut-in, slug production and gas flow out of the system. A significant improvement upon previous work makes unnecessary to track the position of the slug front. Lab and field data are compared to the results from the theoretical model. P. 701
Selection of learning parameters for CMAC-based adaptive critic learning (1995)

The CMAC-based adaptive critic learning structure consists of two CMAC modules: the action and the critic ones. Learning occurs in both modules. The critic module learns to evaluate the system status. It transforms the system response, usually some occasionally provided reinforcement signal, into organized useful information. Based on the knowledge developed in the critic module, the action module learns the control technique. One difficulty in using this scheme lies on selection of learning parameters. In our previous study on the CMAC-based scheme, the best set of learning parameters were selected from a large number of test simulations. The picked parameter values are not necessarily adequate for generic cases. A general guideline for parameter selection needs to be developed. In this study, the problem is investigated. Effects of parameters are studied analytically and verified by simulations. Results provide a good guideline for parameter selection.
Post-fault control technique for multi-phase PM motor drives under short-circuit faults (2013)

In this paper, a post-fault control technique is proposed for multi-phase permanent-magnet (PM) machine drives under short-circuit faults. Purpose of the proposed fault-tolerant control (FTC) is to find a general closed-form solution for healthy phase currents under steady-state post-fault conditions. Healthy phase currents are found through an optimization problem which tries to produce ripple-free output torque with minimum ohmic losses. A five-phase PM machine is used as an example to investigate validity of the proposed solutions through finite-element-analysis (FEA) and experimental tests. Proposed method is a great tool to evaluate fault-tolerant capability of different designs for drive system in terms of maximum available ripple-free torque and power losses. Thanks to its simplicity and flexibility, It is also well-suited for real-time implementation.