gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Signature Effect: Signing Influences Consumption-Related Behavior by Priming Self-Identity (2011)

Abstract Evidence from four studies shows that signing one’s name influences consumption-related behavior in a predictable manner. Signing acts as a general self-identity prime that facilitates the activation of the particular aspect of a consumer’s self-identity that is afforded by the situation, resulting in behavior congruent with that aspect. Our findings demonstrate that signing causes consumers to become more (less) engaged when shopping in a product domain they (do not) closely identify with (studies 1 and 2), to identify more (less) closely with in(out)-groups (study 3), and to conform more with (diverge more from) in(out)-groups when making consumption choices in preference domains that are relevant to signaling one’s identity (study 4). We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.
Evaluation of the Effects of Effluents on Aquatic Life in Receiving Waters—An Overview (1981)

Federal water pollution control legislation strongly emphasizes the need to protect aquatic life from adverse effects of effluents. Effluent biomonitoring, therefore, plays an important role in the federal water pollution control program, and includes two basic functions: (1) measurement of the toxicity and biostimulatory properties of effluents, and (2) measurement of the effects of effluents on the biological integrity of receiving waters, which includes the abundance, species composition, metabolism, and condition of indigenous aquatic organisms. Standardized methods for sample collection and preparation are widely available. However, additional tools are urgently needed to assist biologists in sample analysis and data interpretation. The tools needed include species identification manuals, information on the life histories of aquatic organisms, and descriptive models with which to evaluate field data. The models would describe the standing crop, species composition, and community metabolism expected at a given sampling station in the absence of pollution, taking into account the season of the year, climate, ambient meteorological and hydrological conditions, water chemistry, and the nature of the substrate. Effective data interpretation also requires utilization of available parametric and nonparametric methods for statistical analyses of the field data in order to determine the significance of observed differences in the properties of aquatic communities at “control” and “polluted” sampling stations.
Does pancreatic enzyme supplementation reduce pain in patients with chronic pancreatitis: a meta-analysis. (1997)

Statistical analysis demonstrates no significant benefit of supplemental pancreatic enzyme therapy to relieve pain associated with chronic pancreatitis.
Staged Mixture Modelling and Boosting (2012)

In this paper, we introduce and evaluate a data-driven staged mixture modeling technique for building density, regression, and classification models. Our basic approach is to sequentially add components to a finite mixture model using the structural expectation maximization (SEM) algorithm. We show that our technique is qualitatively similar to boosting. This correspondence is a natural byproduct of the fact that we use the SEM algorithm to sequentially fit the mixture model. Finally, in our experimental evaluation, we demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach on a variety of prediction and density estimation tasks using real-world data.
Arginine Biosynthesis in<i>Thermotoga maritima</i>: Characterization of the Arginine-Sensitive<i>N</i>-Acetyl-<scp>l</scp>-Glutamate Kinase (2004)

To help clarify the control of arginine synthesis in Thermotoga maritima, the putative gene (argB) for N-acetyl-L-glutamate kinase (NAGK) from this microorganism was cloned and overexpressed, and the resulting protein was purified and shown to be a highly thermostable and specific NAGK that is potently and selectively inhibited by arginine. Therefore, NAGK is in T. maritima the feedback control point of arginine synthesis, a process that in this organism involves acetyl group recycling and appears not to involve classical acetylglutamate synthase. The inhibition of NAGK by arginine was found to be pH independent and to depend sigmoidally on the concentration of arginine, with a Hill coefficient (N) of approximately 4, and the 50% inhibitory arginine concentration (I0.5) was shown to increase with temperature, approaching above 65 degrees C the I0.50 observed at 37 degrees C with the mesophilic NAGK of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (the best-studied arginine-inhibitable NAGK). At 75 degrees C, the inhibition by arginine of T. maritima NAGK was due to a large increase in the Km for acetylglutamate triggered by the inhibitor, but at 37 degrees C arginine also substantially decreased the Vmax of the enzyme. The NAGKs of T. maritima and P. aeruginosa behaved in gel filtration as hexamers, justifying the sigmoidicity and high Hill coefficient of arginine inhibition, and arginine or the substrates failed to disaggregate these enzymes. In contrast, Escherichia coli NAGK is not inhibited by arginine and is dimeric, and thus the hexameric architecture may be an important determinant of arginine sensitivity. Potential thermostability determinants of T. maritima NAGK are also discussed.
Using broadcast primitives in replicated databases (2002)

We explore the use of different variants of broadcast protocols for managing replicated databases. Starting with the simplest broadcast primitive, the reliable broadcast protocol, we show how it can be used to ensure correct transaction execution. The protocol is simple, and has several advantages, including prevention of deadlocks. However, it requires a two-phase commitment protocol for ensuring correctness. We then develop a second protocol that uses causal broadcast and avoids the overhead of two-phase commit by exploiting the causal delivery properties of the broadcast primitives to implicitly collect the relevant information used in two-phase commit. Finally, we present a protocol that employs atomic broadcast and completely eliminates the need for acknowledgements during transaction commitment.
Developing a conceptual model of possible benefits of condensed tannins for ruminant production (2014)

Enteric methane (CH4) emissions from ruminants have compelled a wide range of research initiatives to identify environmental abatement opportunities. However, although such mitigations can theoretically be attained with feed additives and feeding strategies, the limited empirical evidence on plant extracts used as feed additives does not support extensive or long-term reductions. Nevertheless, their strategic use (i.e. alone or combined in a simultaneous or consecutive use) may provide not only acceptable CH4 abatement levels, but also relevant effects on animal physiology and productivity. Condensed tannins (CT) represent a range of polyphenolic compounds of flavan-3-ol units present in some forage species that can also be added to prepared diets. Methods to determine CT, or their conjugated metabolites, are not simple. Although there are limitations and uncertainties about the methods to be applied, CT are thought to reduce CH4 production (1) indirectly by binding to the dietary fibre and/or reducing the rumen digestion and digestibility of the fibre and (2) directly by inhibiting the growth of rumen methanogens. On the basis of their role in livestock nutrition, CT influence the digestion of protein in the rumen because of their affinity for proteins (e.g. oxidative coupling and H bonding at neutral pH) that causes the CT-protein complex to be insoluble in the rumen; and dissociate in the abomasum at pH 2.5 to 3.0 for proteolysis and absorption in the small intestine. CT may also reduce gastro-intestinal parasite burdens and improve reproductive performance, foetal development, immune system response, hormone serum concentrations, wool production and lactation. The objectives of this paper are to discuss some of the beneficial and detrimental effects of CT on ruminant production systems and to develop a conceptual model to illustrate these metabolic relationships in terms of systemic physiology using earlier investigations with the CT-containing legume Lotus corniculatus. Our conceptual model indicated four complex and long-lasting relationships (digestive, toxicological, physiological and morphological) that can alter the normal biology of the animal. These relationships are interdependent, integrative, and sometimes, complementary to each other. This conceptual model can be used to develop mechanistic models to improve the understanding of the interaction between CT and the ruminants as well as to guide research initiatives of the impact of polyphenol-rich foods on human health.
Light Intensity as a Critical Parameter in the Dye-Sensitized Photooxidation of the House Fly,Musca domestica1 (1978)

Light intensity is a critical variable of the dye-sensitized photooxidation reaction, and the rate of house fly, Musca domestica , mortality is observed to increase with increasing light intensity. Relative toxicities were described for 6 xanthene dyes (rose bengal, octabromofluorescein, erythrosin B, phloxin B, eosin Y, and tetrachlorofluorescein) as a function of the 3rd-order rate constant of photooxidation, k 3 , obtained for each dye and determined from the LT 50 , tissue dye levels, and light intensity measurements. The ranking of these 6 xanthenes by their respective k 3 values is almost identical to the ranking of these same dyes by their k 2 , or second-order rate constant. The number of accumulated photons needed to produce 50% mortality was observed to decrease with an increase in light intensity.
A 1‐GHz band low‐power dissipation GaAs prescaler IC (1988)

Abstract It is important that the power consumption by mobile communication equipment be reduced as much as possible from the viewpoint of miniaturization, weight reduction and battery operation. One approach to this problem has been the development of a dual modulus prescaler IC for 1/128 and 1/129 division in the 1‐GHz band with GaAs FET's capable of high‐speed operation and low power consumption. Since nonuniformity of device characteristics is still substantial in GaAs FET's, an optimization in the circuit design is needed whereby the characteristics of the FET are given sufficient consideration. In the design of the prescaler, the SCFL is used as a logic gate which has a broad tolerance in characteristic fluctuations of the FET. In addition to consideration of the operating margin and fan‐out characteristics, such design optimizations as the pattern orientation of the IC and the current distribution to each part have been carried out. With only one 5‐V power supply, the power supply current required has been less than 5 mA in the 1‐GHz band. This power consumption is less than half that used by the conventional SiECL IC. The design procedure and the results of the test fabrication are reported.
Global Trends in Typhoid and Paratyphoid Fever (2009)

Typhoid and paratyphoid fever continue to be important causes of illness and death, particularly among children and adolescents in south-central and Southeast Asia, where enteric fever is associated with poor sanitation and unsafe food and water. High-quality incidence data from Asia are underpinning efforts to expand access to typhoid vaccines. Efforts are underway to develop vaccines that are immunogenic in infants after a single dose and that can be produced locally in countries of endemicity. The growing importance of Salmonella enterica serotype Paratyphi A in Asia is concerning. Antimicrobial resistance has sequentially emerged to traditional first-line drugs, fluoroquinolones, and third-generation cephalosporins, posing patient treatment challenges. Azithromycin has proven to be an effective alternative for treatment of uncomplicated typhoid fever. The availability of full genome sequences for S. enterica serotype Typhi and S. enterica serotype Paratyphi A confirms their place as monomorphic, human-adapted pathogens vulnerable to control measures if international efforts can be redoubled.
THE SHUFFLING BUFFER (2001)

The complexity of randomized incremental algorithms is analyzed with the assumption of a random order of the input. To guarantee this hypothesis, the n data have to be known in advance in order to be mixed what contradicts with the on-line nature of the algorithm. We present the shuffling buffer technique to introduce sufficient randomness to guarantee an improvement on the worst case complexity by knowing only k data in advance. Typically, an algorithm with O(n 2 ) worst-case complexity and O(n) or O(n log n) randomized complexity has an [Formula: see text] complexity for the shuffling buffer. We illustrate this with binary search trees, the number of Delaunay triangles or the number of trapezoids in a trapezoidal map created during an incremental construction.
Cooperative C−H···O Hydrogen Bonding in CO<sub>2</sub>−Lewis Base Complexes:  Implications for Solvation in Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> (2002)

Understanding the fundamental principles for the design of CO(2)-philic materials is of growing importance due to the potential for enabling "green" chemistry and technologies in liquid and supercritical CO(2) as alternative solvent systems. Recently, there have been numerous efforts to develop hydrocarbon-based CO(2)-philes containing carbonyl groups, which are known to interact through a Lewis acid-Lewis base (LA-LB) interaction with CO(2) molecules, thereby providing the necessary solvation energy for dissolution. In this work, we investigate the role of a weaker, but cooperative, C-H...O hydrogen bond as an additional stabilizing interaction in the solvation of polycarbonyl moieties with hydrogen atoms attached directly to the carbonyl carbon or to the alpha-carbon atom. Ab initio calculations are performed on simple intermolecular complexes of CO(2) with compounds capable of acting as Lewis bases. Systems studied in different interaction configurations include formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acetic acid, and methyl acetate, as model carbonyl compounds, and dimethyl sulfoxide as a model system for the sulfonyl group. Interaction energies, vibrational frequencies, charge transfer, and other molecular properties are calculated. Results indicate that C-H...O hydrogen bonds may be an important stabilizing interaction that merits consideration in the design of future CO(2)-philes.
Finite Element Method (2008)

Abstract The objective of this article is to give an overview of finite element methods that currently are used extensively in academia and industry. The method is described in general terms, the basic formulation is presented, and some issues regarding effective finite element procedures are summarized. Various applications are given briefly to illustrate the current use of the method. Finally, the article concludes with key challenges for the additional development of the method.
Electrically variable transmissions for hybrid electric vehicles (2000)

An electrically variable transmission is based on planetary differential gearing attached to a rotating mechanical shaft input and output and to an electric generator and electric motor acting in series.A systematic approach is taken toward examining all configurations of this recently rediscovered continuously variable transmission.Simulation results compare fuel efficiency in a standard driving cycle for a vehicle with an electrically variable transmission, a parallel hybrid electric powertrain, and a conventional powertrain.Electrically variable transmissions provide an excellent combination of efficiency and powertrain simplicity for hybrid electric vehicles.iii
A new retractor for the anterior cervical approach (1994)

(1994). A new retractor for the anterior cervical approach. British Journal of Neurosurgery: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 469-470.
ATLaS: A Native Extension of SQL for Data Mining and Stream Computations (2002)

A lack of power and extensibility in their query languages has seriously limited the generality of DBMSs and hampered their ability to support new application domains. Considerable efforts by database researchers and commercial DBMS vendors have led to major extensions; yet there remain important applications---particularly data mining---that are not supported well in SQL-3. Thus, there is a pressing need for more general mechanisms for extending SQL and dealing with new application areas, particularly database-centric data mining. To satisfy this need, we allow database users to add new table functions and stream-oriented aggregate functions by defining them in SQL---rather than in external procedural languages as O-R DBMSs currently do. This simple extension turns SQL into a powerful database language, which can express a wide range of applications, including recursive queries, ROLAP aggregates, time-series queries, stream-oriented processing, and data mining functions. In addition to adding great power and flexibility to SQL, these extensions are conducive to performance and data independence. The paper also discusses the system we have developed to support these SQL extensions, and the architecture and techniques used in its realization.
A printed circuit board inspection system using artificial neural network (2002)

The network is trained to distinguish between correct and faulty PCB assembly boards. The setup consists of a video camera, a robot, and a machine vision system along with an IBM PC. The backpropagation algorithm is used to train the network.
Fitted Elmore delay: a simple and accurate interconnect delay model (2004)

In this brief, we present a new interconnect delay model called fitted Elmore delay (FED). FED is generated by approximating HSPICE delay data using a curve fitting technique. The functional form used in curve fitting is derived based on the Elmore delay (ED) model. Thus, our model has all the advantages of the ED model. It has a closed-form expression as simple as the ED model and is extremely efficient to compute. Interconnect optimization with respect to design parameters can also be done as easily as in the ED model. In fact, most previous algorithms and programs based on ED model can use our model without much change. Most importantly, FED is significantly more accurate than the ED model. The maximum error in delay estimation is at most 2% for our model, compared to 8.5% for the scaled ED model. The average error is less than 0.8%. We also show that FED can be more than 10 times more accurate than the ED model when applied to wire sizing.
On one-multiplier implementations of FIR lattice structures (1987)

One-multiplier realizations for certain recently reported FIR lossless lattice structures are investigated. The multiplier extraction approach is used to show that there does not exist a real one-multiplier realization whereas it is possible to get complex one-multiplier realizations. This is unlike the situation in conventional linear-prediction FIR lattice structures, where real one-multiplier realizations are possible.
Structure of Polypeptide Based Diblock Copolymers in Solution: Stimuli-responsive Vesicles and Micelles (2005)

Polypeptide-based diblock copolymers forming either well-defined self-assembled micelles or vesicles after direct dissolution in water or in dichloromethane, have been studied combining light and neutron scattering with electron microscopy experiments. The size of these structures could be reversibly manipulated as a function of environmental changes such as pH and ionic strength in water. Compared to other pH-responsive seld-assembled systems based on “classical” polyelectrolytes, these polypeptide-based nanostructures present the ability to give a response in highly salted media as the chain conformational ordering can be controlled. This makes these micelles and vesicles suitable for biological applications: they provide significant advantages in the control of the structure and function of supramolecular self-assemblies.
Graph Tree Neural Networks (2021)

Graph neural networks (GNNs) have recently shown good performance in various fields. In this paper, we propose graph tree neural networks (GTNNs) designed to solve the problems of existing networks by analyzing the structure of human neural networks. In GTNNs, information units are related to the form of a graph and then they become a bigger unit of information again and have a relationship with other information units. At this point, the unit of information is a set of neurons, and we can express it as a vector with GTNN. Defining the starting and ending points in a single graph is difficult, and a tree cannot express the relationship among sibling nodes. However, a graph tree can be expressed using leaf and root nodes as its starting and ending points and the relationship among sibling nodes. Depth-first convolution (DFC) encodes the interaction result from leaf nodes to the root node in a bottom-up approach, and depth-first deconvolution (DFD) decodes the interaction result from the root node to the leaf nodes in a top-down approach. GTNN is data-driven learning in which the number of convolutions varies according to the depth of the tree. Moreover, learning features of different types together is possible. Supervised, unsupervised, and semi-supervised learning using graph tree recursive neural network (GTR) , graph tree recursive attention networks (GTRAs), and graph tree recursive autoencoders (GTRAEs) are introduced in this paper. We experimented with a simple toy test with source code dataset.
Acyl Transfer Catalysis with 1,2,4-Triazole Anion (2009)

1,2,4-Triazole anion has been identified as an active acyl transfer catalyst suitable for the aminolysis and transesterification of esters.
Regional Correlation Between Estimated UVB Levels and Skin Cancer Mortality in Japan (1999)

Most ecological studies investigating the relationship between incidence and/or mortality of skin cancer and surrogate measures of ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) have been conducted among the Caucasian population. The objective of the present study was therefore to assess the geographical correlation between ambient UVB estimates and regional mortality rates for skin cancer in Japan. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) for malignant melanoma and other malignant neoplasms of the skin was calculated by sex, region and time-period for all deaths occurring in the period 1973-1994. The Spearman's correlation coefficient was calculated between estimated ambient UVB and regional SMRs for the two types of skin cancer. There was no geographical correlation between UVB and skin cancer mortality, except for a significantly negative correlation in malignant melanoma among males and a significantly negative correlation in other malignant neoplasms of the skin confined to unexposed anatomic sites of the body among females. The characteristic ecological relationship adds to the importance of conducting further epidemiological studies at the individual level in Japan.