gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Scalarization on Short Vector Machines (2005)

Scalarization is a process that converts array statements into loop nests so that they can run on a scalar machine. One technical difficulty of scalarization is that temporary storage often needs to be allocated in order to preserve the semantics of array syntax - "fetch before store". Many techniques have been developed to reduce the size of temporary storage requirement in order to improve the memory hierarchy performance. With the emergence of short vector units on modern microprocessors, it is interesting to see how to extend the preexisting scalarization methods so that the underlying vector infrastructure is fully utilized, while at the same time keep the temporary storage minimized. In this paper, we extend a loop alignment algorithm for scalarization on short vector machines. The revised algorithm not only achieves vector execution with minimum temporary storage, but also handles data alignment properly, which is very important for performance. Our experiments on two types of widely available architectures demonstrate the effectiveness of our strategy
<title>Modeling, design, and simulation of a piezoelectrically driven microvalve for high-pressure high-frequency applications</title> (2001)

This paper reports the modeling, design, and dynamic simulation of a piezoelectrically-driven microfabricated valve for high frequency regulation of high pressure fluid flows. The enabling concept of the valve is the ability to convert the small displacement of a piezoelectric element into a large valve cap stroke through the use of a hydraulic fluid, while maintaining high force capability. The paper focuses on the development of a sytematic procedure to arrive at a geometric valve design for given performance requirements. Modeling of the non-linear large deflection behavior of the valve membrane and design of this structure to maintain stresses below critical levels are discussed. Design of the piezoelectric material drive portion of the valve to create a stiffness match with the valve membrane and external hydraulic system is detailed. In addition, this paper presents a dynamic simulation of the active valve, including effects such as valve cap dynamics and fluid damping, that allow for understanding and prediction of valve performance under various loading conditions.
INTENSITY OF LIGHT IN RELATION TO THE EXAMINATION OF THE EYE (1936)

In July, 1934, we published the description of an instrument which provides a convenient means of varying the intensity of illumination over a wide range from zero to very high without change in the colour of light or in the size, shape and location of the illuminated field.1 This instrument was devised as an aid to the practitioner in examining the eye as well as in caring for it by prescribing the amount of llight needed by the patiient under examination. The use of variable illumination in the correction
Site, Stand, and Host Characteristics of Southern Pine Beetle Infestations (1981)

Environmental Economics and Policy, Land Economics/Use, Risk and Uncertainty
The Male Obese Wistar Diabetic Fatty Rat Is a New Model of Extreme Insulin Resistance (1994)

The male obese Wistar Diabetic Fatty (WDF) rat is a genetic model of obesity and non-insulin dependent diabetes (NIDDM). The obese Zucker rat shares the same gene for obesity on a different genetic background but is not diabetic. This study evaluated the degree of insulin resistance in both obese strains by examining the binding and post binding effects of muscle insulin receptors in obese rats exhibiting hyperinsulinemia and/or hyperglycemia. Insulin receptor binding and affinity and tyrosine kinase activity were measured in skeletal muscle from male WDF fa/fa (obese) and Fa/? (lean) and Zucker fa/fa (obese) and Fa/Fa (homozygous lean) rats. Rats were fed a high sucrose (68% of total Kcal) or Purina stock diet for 14 weeks. At 27 weeks of age, adipose depots were removed for adipose cellularity analysis and the biceps femoris muscle was removed for measurement of insulin binding and insulin-stimulated receptor kinase activity. Plasma glucose (13.9 vs. 8.4 mM) and insulin levels (14,754 vs. 7440 pmol/L) were significantly higher in WDF obese than in Zucker obese rats. Insulin receptor number and affinity and TK activity were unaffected by diet. Insulin receptor number was significantly reduced in obese WDF rats ( 2.778 +/- 0.617 pmol/mg protein), compared to obese Zucker rats (4.441 +/- 0.913 pmol/mg potein). Both obese strains exhibited down regulation of the insulin receptor compared to their lean controls. Maximal tyrosine kinase (TK) activity was significantly reduced in obese WDF rats (505 +/- 82 fmol/min/mg protein) compared to obese Zucker rats (1907 +/- 610 fmol/min/mg protein). Only obese WDF rats displayed a decrease in TK activity per receptor. These observations establish the obese WDF rat as an excellent model for exploring mechanisms of extreme insulin resistance, particularly post-receptor tyrosine kinase-associated defects, in non-insulin dependent diabetes.
A Finite Element Model of Orthogonal Metal Cutting (1985)

A finite element model of orthogonal metal cutting is described. The paper introduces a new chip separation criterion based on the effective plastic strain in the workpiece. Several cutting parameters that are often neglected in simplified metal-cutting models are included, such as elastic-plastic material properties of both the workpiece and tool, friction along the tool rake face, and geometry of the cutting edge and workpiece. The model predicts chip geometry, residual stresses in the workpiece, and tool stresses and forces, without any reliance on empirical metal cutting data. The paper demonstrates that use of a chip separation criterion based on effective plastic strain is essential in predicting chip geometry and residual stresses with the finite element method.
Fluorescence screening of antioxidant capacity in pumpkin seed oils and other natural oils (2003)

Abstract Plant oils provide a rich source of dietary polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and mostly lipophilic antioxidants. PUFAs are both in their free form and as components of glycerolipids preferred targets of free radical‐induced oxidation, leading to the formation of highly atherogenic compounds. Thus, stabilization of polyunsaturated lipids by radical scavengers in the oils is important in order to avoid pathophysiological side effects of these essential components of our diet. To determine lipid oxidizability and its inhibition by endogenous antioxidants, we developed a simple fluorescence technique. It is based on solubilisation of the oils in aqueous buffer, labeling of the resulting emulsions with a suitable reporter fluorophore, which reflects lipid oxidation, and continuous monitoring of the decomposition process. Using this method, we found that oxidizability of the oils depended only to a limited extent on the content of lipophilic antioxidants. In addition, a smaller fraction of polar (phenolic) compounds showed comparable protective effects, especially in pumpkin seed oil, which is a non‐refined product therefore containing antioxidative components that are removed from most other edible oils during processing. Therefore, the contribution of these “minor” compounds has to be taken into account when potential biological effects of plant oils are evaluated.
Concept of the divertor of a fusion neutron source based on a spherical tokamak (2012)

A concept of the divertor and the technology for organizing the edge plasma in a fusion neutron source based on a spherical tokamak (FNS-ST) are described. The experimental data on the characteristics of the peripheral plasma in modern tokamaks are extrapolated to the FNS-ST conditions with the help of semi-analytical models. The effects depending on the magnetic configuration and on the geometry and materials of the divertor and the first-wall elements are considered. Possible designs of the FNS-ST divertor and the first wall are described. Using an original model, it is shown that the maximum density of the heat flux at the divertor plates in a double-null magnetic configuration does not exceed 5–6 MW/m2, which complies with modern engineering capabilities. Methods for further improvement of the FNS-ST divertor concept are analyzed.
Cellulose as an Insulating Material (1939)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCellulose as an Insulating MaterialG. T. KohmanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1939, 31, 7, 807–817Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1939Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1939https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50355a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50355a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views277Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A Case for the Genotoxicity of Ochratoxin A by Bioactivation and Covalent DNA Adduction (2005)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVPerspectiveNEXTA Case for the Genotoxicity of Ochratoxin A by Bioactivation and Covalent DNA AdductionRichard A. MandervilleView Author Information Department of Chemistry, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada Cite this: Chem. Res. Toxicol. 2005, 18, 7, 1091–1097Publication Date (Web):July 1, 2005Publication History Received8 March 2005Published online1 July 2005Published inissue 1 July 2005https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/tx050070phttps://doi.org/10.1021/tx050070preview-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2005 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations54LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Adducts,Genetics,Metabolism,Rodent models,Toxicology Get e-Alerts
Performance characterizations of traffic monitoring, and associated control, mechanisms for broadband 'packet' networks (2002)

A number of performance issues associated with real-time traffic-monitoring schemes are addressed. These schemes will likely be used in broadband packet-transport-based networks such as broadband ISDN (B-ISDN) with asynchronous transfer mode (ATM). The issues of an appropriate performance framework for traffic-monitoring scheme comparisons, appropriate control actions based on traffic-monitoring, and how traffic parameters (that could enter strongly into service contracts between the network and users) should best be specified are treated in an overview summary. Some of the more commonly suggested traffic-monitoring schemes are described, and the leaky-bucket scheme is analyzed. A relationship between traffic peakedness and traffic-monitoring schemes is introduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A disulfide-bond cascade mechanism for arsenic(III)<i>S</i>-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase (2015)

Methylation of the toxic metalloid arsenic is widespread in nature. Members of every kingdom have arsenic(III) S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) methyltransferase enzymes, which are termed ArsM in microbes and AS3MT in animals, including humans. Trivalent arsenic(III) is methylated up to three times to form methylarsenite [MAs(III)], dimethylarsenite [DMAs(III)] and the volatile trimethylarsine [TMAs(III)]. In microbes, arsenic methylation is a detoxification process. In humans, MAs(III) and DMAs(III) are more toxic and carcinogenic than either inorganic arsenate or arsenite. Here, new crystal structures are reported of ArsM from the thermophilic eukaryotic alga Cyanidioschyzon sp. 5508 (CmArsM) with the bound aromatic arsenicals phenylarsenite [PhAs(III)] at 1.80 Å resolution and reduced roxarsone [Rox(III)] at 2.25 Å resolution. These organoarsenicals are bound to two of four conserved cysteine residues: Cys174 and Cys224. The electron density extends the structure to include a newly identified conserved cysteine residue, Cys44, which is disulfide-bonded to the fourth conserved cysteine residue, Cys72. A second disulfide bond between Cys72 and Cys174 had been observed previously in a structure with bound SAM. The loop containing Cys44 and Cys72 shifts by nearly 6.5 Å in the arsenic(III)-bound structures compared with the SAM-bound structure, which suggests that this movement leads to formation of the Cys72-Cys174 disulfide bond. A model is proposed for the catalytic mechanism of arsenic(III) SAM methyltransferases in which a disulfide-bond cascade maintains the products in the trivalent state.
IEEE1394 to UPnP software bridge structure (2005)

This work presents the UPnP - IEEE1394 software bridge structure for representing legacy IEEE1394 devices to the UPnP middleware. This bridge implementation provides a UPnP based control mechanism for IEEE1394 devices and data transferring from IEEE1394 bus to IP network with formal conversion.
Elevated electrode integrated circuits (1979)

The authors developed a new device structure for a bipolar integrated circuit with a propagation delay time of 85 ps/gate and a speed-power product of 0.19 pJ. The remarkable feature of this integrated circuit is its overhanging structure of elevated emitter and collector electrodes, resistors, and interconnections. This article describes the structure, fabrication process, and performance of this integrated circuit.
Characterization of nuclear targeting signal of hepatitis delta antigen: nuclear transport as a protein complex (1992)

Hepatitis delta antigen (HDAg) is the only protein encoded by hepatitis delta virus (HDV). HDAg has been demonstrated in the nuclei of HDV-infected hepatocytes, and its nuclear transport may be important for the replication of HDV RNA. In this report, we investigated the mechanism of nuclear transport of HDAg. By expressing fusion proteins consisting of the different portions of HDAg and alpha-globin, we have identified a nuclear localization signal (NLS) within the N-terminal one-third of HDAg. It consists of two stretches of basic amino acid domains separated by a short run of nonbasic amino acids. Both of the basic domains are necessary for the efficient nuclear transport of HDAg. The nonbasic spacer amino acids could be removed without affecting the nuclear targeting of HDAg significantly. Thus, the HDAg NLS belongs to a newly identified class of NLS which consists of two discontiguous stretches of basic amino acids. This NLS is separated from a stretch of steroid receptor NLS-like sequence, which is also present but not functioning as an NLS, in HDAg. Furthermore, we have shown that subfragments of HDAg which do not contain the NLS can be passively transported into the nucleus by a trans-acting full-length HDAg, provided that these subfragments contain the region with a leucine zipper sequence. Thus, our results indicate that HDAg forms aggregates in the cytoplasm and that the HDAg oligomerization is probably mediated by the leucine zipper sequence. Therefore, HDAg is likely transported into the nucleus as a protein complex.
SPADs and SiPMs Arrays for Long-Range High-Speed Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) (2021)

Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) is a 3D imaging technique, widely used in many applications such as augmented reality, automotive, machine vision, spacecraft navigation and landing. Achieving long-ranges and high-speed, most of all in outdoor applications with strong solar background illumination, are challenging requirements. In the introduction we review different 3D-ranging techniques (stereo-vision, projection with structured light, pulsed-LiDAR, amplitude-modulated continuous-wave LiDAR, frequency-modulated continuous-wave interferometry), illumination schemes (single point and blade scanning, flash-LiDAR) and time-resolved detectors for LiDAR (EM-CCD, I-CCD, APD, SPAD, SiPM). Then, we provide an extensive review of silicon- single photon avalanche diode (SPAD)-based LiDAR detectors (both commercial products and research prototypes) analyzing how each architecture faces the main challenges of LiDAR (i.e., long ranges, centimeter resolution, large field-of-view and high angular resolution, high operation speed, background immunity, eye-safety and multi-camera operation). Recent progresses in 3D stacking technologies provided an important step forward in SPAD array development, allowing to reach smaller pitch, higher pixel count and more complex processing electronics. In the conclusions, we provide some guidelines for the design of next generation SPAD-LiDAR detectors.
Modulation of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis by VLA‐2 Blockade (2007)

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Adhesion molecules play important roles in cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) interactions in inflammation. Blocking the interaction between inflammatory cells and vascular endothelia can prevent cell entry into tissues and harmful inflammatory responses, that is, autoimmunity, but could also limit immunosurveillance by anti-viral T cells in sites of infection or latency. Development of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy in patients treated with antibody against very late antigen (VLA)-4 prompted us to explore an alternative therapeutic approach. We used an antibody against the integrin alpha2, VLA-2, that interacts with ECM, not vascular endothelium. SJL/J mice were sensitized with myelin proteolipid protein (PLP)(139-151) peptide to induce experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model for MS. Treatment of mice with VLA-2 antibody suppressed clinical signs and CNS inflammation of EAE, when antibody was given immediately after disease onset. In contrast, VLA-4 or VLA-2 antibody treatment of mice during the priming or remission phase of EAE had minor effects on the disease's clinical course. No differences were found in lymphoproliferative responses to PLP(139-151) among treatment groups. Data suggest that blocking cell-ECM interactions can be an alternative therapy for MS.
Synthesis of covalently linked porphyrin dimers and trimers (1976)

Abstract The synthesis of covalently linked porphyrin dimers and trimers is described. Mono‐ and dihydroxyporphyrins were synthesized by transeslerifying 5,10,15,20‐tetra(4‐carbomethoxy‐phenyl)porphyrin with ethylene glycol. The mixture of transesterified porphyrins were separated by preparative thin layer chromatography. Metal derivatives were made of the mono‐ and dihydroxyporphyrins and these were reacted with the acid chloride of a monocarboxyporphyrin to yield hybrid dimers and trimers containing one melalloporphyrin and either one or two free base porphyrins. The structures and purity of the dimers and trimers were established by measuring the absorbance spectra, nmr spectra, and molecular weight by gel permeation chromatography.
Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound and pulsed electromagnetic field in the treatment of tibial fractures: a systematic review. (2008)

The studies we included in our review were of generally high methodologic quality. The evidence suggests that LIPUS may speed healing of acute tibial fractures. Comparison studies of these modalities are needed to guide treatment of fractures sustained by athletic individuals.
Analysis of the mechanism of gas bubble break-up in liquids during the self-aspirating impeller operation (2016)

Abstract Feasibility of a model of gas bubble break-up and coalescence in an air-lift column enabling determination of bubble size distributions in a mixer with a self-aspirating impeller has been attempted in this paper. According to velocity measurements made by the PIV method with a self-aspirating impeller and Smagorinski’s model, the spatial distribution of turbulent energy dissipation rate close to the impeller was determined. This allowed to positively verify the dependence of gas bubble velocity used in the model, in relation to turbulent energy dissipation rate. Furthermore, the range of the eddy sizes capable of breaking up the gas bubbles was determined. The verified model was found to be greatly useful, but because of the simplifying assumptions some discrepancies of experimental and model results were observed.
Modeling for image processing system validation, verification and testing (2005)

State of the art digital copiers and multifunctional devices not only has millions of lines of software code but also employ application specific hardware components each having millions of gates to perform sophisticated image processing functions. To ensure high quality of the system, an image path system model, which contains both an image processing driver model part and a hardware component model part, is constructed. The modeling work not only facilitates system validation, verification and testing but also maximizes the reuse of well-tested artifacts. This paper describes the image path system model and its development process.