gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of CD8+ T Lymphocyte Effector Function and Macrophage Inflammatory Cytokine Production by Retinoic Acid Receptor γ (2007)

Vitamin A and its derivatives regulate a broad array of immune functions. The effects of these retinoids are mediated through members of retinoic acid receptors (RARs) and retinoid X receptors. However, the role of individual retinoid receptors in the pleiotropic effects of retinoids remains unclear. To dissect the role of these receptors in the immune system, we analyzed immune cell development and function in mice conditionally lacking RARgamma, the third member of the RAR family. We show that RARgamma is dispensable for T and B lymphocyte development, the humoral immune response to a T-dependent Ag and in vitro Th cell differentiation. However, RARgamma-deficient mice had a defective primary and memory CD8(+) T cell response to Listeria monocytogenes infection. Unexpectedly, RARgamma-deficient macrophages exhibited impaired inflammatory cytokine production upon TLR stimulation. These results suggest that under physiological condition, RARgamma is a positive regulator of inflammatory cytokine production.
Microwave-assisted synthesis of curcumin analogs (2006)

Curcumin, a 1,7-diaryl-1,6-heptadiene-3,5-dinone, has attracted considerable attention worldwide owing to its outstanding biological properties.Microwave-assisted expeditious synthesis of numerous cyclic analogs of curcumin under solvent-free and environmentallybenign conditions in moderate to excellent yields is reported here.
Total synthesis of hyacinthacine A2: stereocontrolled 5-aza-cyclooctene photoisomerization and transannular hydroamination with planar-to-point chirality transfer (2011)

The total synthesis of hyacinthacine A2 is reported via a novel transannular hydroamination in which planar chirality of a 5-aza-trans-cyclooctene precursor is transferred to point chirality in the product. Key to the success of this strategy was the development of a method for establishing absolute planar chirality via stereocontrolled photoisomerization of a 5-aza-cis-cyclooctene. This was accomplished by constructing a 5-aza-cis-cyclooctene precursor with a trans-fused acetonide. The improved diastereoselectivity observed upon photoisomerization of this derivative is attributed to the conformational strain of the eight-membered ring in the minor diastereomer.
Automatic model construction and pose estimation from photographs using triangular splines (1998)

This paper addresses the automatic construction of complex spline object models from a few photographs. Our approach combines silhouettes from registered images to construct a G/sup 1/-continuous triangular spline approximation of an object with unknown topology. We apply a similar optimization procedure to estimate the pose of a modeled object from a single image. Experimental examples of model construction and pose estimation are presented for several complex objects.
A Highly Hydroxide Conductive, Chemically Stable Anion Exchange Membrane, Poly(2,6 dimethyl 1,4 phenylene oxide)-<i>b</i>-Poly(vinyl benzyl trimethyl ammonium), for Electrochemical Applications (2016)

A chemically stable copolymer [poly(2,6 dimethyl 1,4 phenylene oxide)-b-poly(vinyl benzyl trimethyl ammonium)] with two ion exchange capacities, 3.2 and 2.9 meq g-1, was prepared as anion exchange membranes (AEM-3.2 and AEM-2.9). These materials showed high OH-conductivities of 138 mS.cm-1 and 106 mS.cm-1, for AEM-3.2 and AEM-2.9 respectively, at 60°C, and 95% RH. The OH-conductivity = 45 mS.cm-1 for AEM-3.2 at 60% RH and 60°C in the absence of CO2. Amongst the ions studied, only OH-is fully dissociated at high RH. The lower Ea = 10-13 kJ.mol-1 for OH-compared to F- ∼ 20 kJ.mol-1 in conductivity measurements, and of H2O from self-diffusion coefficients suggests the presence of a Grotthuss hopping transport mechanism in OH-transport. PGSE-NMR of H2O and F-show that the membranes have low tortuosity, 1.8 and 1.2, and high water self-diffusion coefficients, 0.66 and 0.26 × 10 cm2.s-1, for AEM-3.2 and AEM-2.9 respectively. SAXS and TEM show that the membrane has several different sized water environments, ca. 62 nm, 20 nm, and 3.5 nm. The low water uptake, "k = 9-12, reduced swelling, and high OH-conductivity, with no chemical degradation over two weeks, suggests that the membrane is a strong candidate for electrochemical applications.
Inhibition of factor IXa and factor Xa by antithrombin III/heparin during factor X activation. (1988)

We investigated the kinetics of the inhibitory action of antithrombin III and antithrombin III plus heparin during the activation of factor X by factor IXa. Generation and inactivation curves were fitted to a three-parameter two-exponentional model to determine the pseudo first-order rate constants of inhibition of factor IXa and factor Xa by antithrombin III/heparin. In the absence of heparin, the second-order rate constant of inhibition of factor Xa generated by factor IXa was 2.5-fold lower than the rate constant of inhibition of exogenous factor Xa. It appeared that phospholipid-bound factor X protected factor Xa from inactivation by antithrombin III. It is, as yet, unclear whether an active site or a nonactive site interaction between factor Xa and factor X at the phospholipid surface is involved. The inactivation of factor IXa by antithrombin III was found to be very slow and was not affected by phospholipid, calcium, and/or factor X. With unfractionated heparin above 40 ng/ml and antithrombin III at 200 nM, the apparent second-order rate constant of inhibition of exogenous and generated factor Xa were the same. Thus, in this case phospholipid-bound factor X did not protect factor Xa from inhibition. In the presence of synthetic pentasaccharide heparin, however, phospholipid-bound factor X reduced the rate constant about 5-fold. Pentasaccharide had no effect on the factor IXa/antithrombin III reaction. Unfractionated heparin (1 micrograms/ml) stimulated the antithrombin III-dependent inhibition of factor IXa during factor X activation 400-fold. In the absence of reaction components this stimulated was 65-fold. We established that calcium stimulated the heparin-dependent inhibition of factor IXa.
RFLP mapping of thymidine kinase mutants places Dl7S4 proximal to the human TK1 locus (1991)

Journal Article RFLP mapping of thymidine kinase mutants places Dl7S4 proximal to the human TK1 locus Get access Sally A. Amundson, Sally A. Amundson Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Mark B. Benjamin, Mark B. Benjamin Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar John B. Little, John B. Little Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Howard L Liber Howard L Liber Harvard School of Public HealthBoston, MA 02115, USA Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 19, Issue 13, 11 July 1991, Page 3748, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/19.13.3748 Published: 11 July 1991 Article history Accepted: 11 April 1991 Published: 11 July 1991
Development of an inducible caspase-9 safety switch for pluripotent stem cell–based therapies (2014)

Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) therapies offer a promising path for patient-specific regenerative medicine. However, tumor formation from residual undifferentiated iPSC or transformation of iPSC or their derivatives is a risk. Inclusion of a suicide gene is one approach to risk mitigation. We introduced a dimerizable-"inducible caspase-9" (iCasp9) suicide gene into mouse iPSC (miPSC) and rhesus iPSC (RhiPSC) via a lentivirus, driving expression from either a cytomegalovirus (CMV), elongation factor-1 α (EF1α) or pluripotency-specific EOS-C(3+) promoter. Exposure of the iPSC to the synthetic chemical dimerizer, AP1903, in vitro induced effective apoptosis in EF1α-iCasp9-expressing (EF1α)-iPSC, with less effective killing of EOS-C(3+)-iPSC and CMV-iPSC, proportional to transgene expression in these cells. AP1903 treatment of EF1α-iCasp9 miPSC in vitro delayed or prevented teratomas. AP1903 administration following subcutaneous or intravenous delivery of EF1α-iPSC resulted in delayed teratoma progression but did not ablate tumors. EF1α-iCasp9 expression was downregulated during in vitro and in vivo differentiation due to DNA methylation at CpG islands within the promoter, and methylation, and thus decreased expression, could be reversed by 5-azacytidine treatment. The level and stability of suicide gene expression will be important for the development of suicide gene strategies in iPSC regenerative medicine.
Studies on the formation of novel copolyesters containing naphthalene and aralkyloxy structures (1995)

Abstract Copolyesters containing naphthalene structure were synthesized from bis(hydroxyethyl)naphthalate (BHEN) and various aralkyloxy diols. The starting bis(4‐(2‐hydroxyethoxy)aryl) compounds were derived from a nucleophilic substitution of various bisphenols with ethylene carbonate in the presence of potassium iodide (KI). Copolyesters having intrinsic viscosities of 0.50 to 0.60 dL/g were obtained by melt polycondensation in the presence of metallic catalysts. The effects of reaction temperature and time on the formation of copolyesters were investigated in order to obtain an optimum condition for copolyester manufacturing. The optimal reaction temperature and time were found to be 290 to 310°C and 90 to 120 min, respectively. Most of these copolyesters have better solubilities than polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) in aprotic solvents such as N ‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone or m ‐cresol. The thermal properties of the copolyesters were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). Glass transition temperatures of these copolyesters were in the range of 90 to 141°C, and 10% weight loss values in nitrogen were all above 460°C. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Data Preprocessing and Easy Access Retrieval of Data through Data Ware House (2009)

The World Wide Web (WWW) provides a simple yet effective media for users to search, browse, and retrieve information in the Web. Web Usage Mining is the application of data mining techniques to click stream data in order to extract usage patterns. These patterns are analyzed to determine user's behavior which is an important and challenging research topic in web usage mining. In order to determine which pages of the web site were accessed and how various web pages were reached, requires examining the raw data recorded in the log files created by the web server. An important fundamental task for Web log mining is data
Individualized Anemia Management Reduces Hemoglobin Variability in Hemodialysis Patients (2013)

One-size-fits-all protocol-based approaches to anemia management with erythropoiesis-stimulating agents (ESAs) may result in undesired patterns of hemoglobin variability. In this single-center, double-blind, randomized controlled trial, we tested the hypothesis that individualized dosing of ESA improves hemoglobin variability over a standard population-based approach. We enrolled 62 hemodialysis patients and followed them over a 12-month period. Patients were randomly assigned to receive ESA doses guided by the Smart Anemia Manager algorithm (treatment) or by a standard protocol (control). Dose recommendations, performed on a monthly basis, were validated by an expert physician anemia manager. The primary outcome was the percentage of hemoglobin concentrations between 10 and 12 g/dl over the follow-up period. A total of 258 of 356 (72.5%) hemoglobin concentrations were between 10 and 12 g/dl in the treatment group, compared with 208 of 336 (61.9%) in the control group; 42 (11.8%) hemoglobin concentrations were <10 g/dl in the treatment group compared with 88 (24.7%) in the control group; and 56 (15.7%) hemoglobin concentrations were >12 g/dl in the treatment group compared with 46 (13.4%) in the control group. The median ESA dosage per patient was 2000 IU/wk in both groups. Five participants received 6 transfusions (21 U) in the treatment group, compared with 8 participants and 13 transfusions (31 U) in the control group. These results suggest that individualized ESA dosing decreases total hemoglobin variability compared with a population protocol-based approach. As hemoglobin levels are declining in hemodialysis patients, decreasing hemoglobin variability may help reduce the risk of transfusions in this population.
Demonstration of 10-Gbps Real-Time Reed–Solomon Decoding Using GPU Direct Transfer and Kernel Scheduling for Flexible Access Systems (2018)

In recent years, the applicability of network function virtualization and software-defined networks to optical access systems has been studied for reducing capital expenditure/operating expense and quickly responding to various service requests. We are aiming at expanding the footprint of software-defined functionality in optical line terminals by focusing on physical (PHY) layer functions as one key part of the flexible access system architecture. Utilization of common graphic processing units (GPUs) with a large amount of computation resources is promising for softwarizing PHY-layer functions that have high computation complexity. However, conventional studies do not consider sequential signal input and realize only Mbps-class processing. This paper proposes CPU control for GPU direct transfer in order to directly transfer an external signal input to GPU, and kernel startup scheduling so as to handle a sequential signal at 10 Gbps. For Reed-Solomon decoding, whose PHY-layer functions have high computation complexity, we demonstrate real-time performance from a general-purpose server with standard optical modules by implementing on it. The proposed configuration is evaluated using an optical system compliant with IEEE 802.3av. Evaluations show that the proposed GPU configuration realizes, for the first time, 10-Gbps real-time error correction.
Geosmin Production by Cyanobacteria (Blue‐green Algae) in Fish Ponds at Auburn, Alabama (1991)

Abstract Studies on production of geosmin, the compound responsible for earthy‐muddy flavor in water and fish, were carried out at the Auburn University Fisheries Research Station. Water was collected from ponds during 44 cyanobacterial bloom periods from April to September. Geosmin ( trans ‐1, 10‐dimethyl‐ trans ‐9‐decalol) was detected at levels averaging 4.77 μg/L when Anabaena species with straight trichomes were predominant. Lower geosmin concentrations were associated with blooms of Anabaena species with coiled trichomes, Microcystis aeruginosa , and Aphanizomenon flos‐aquae , and averaged 0.24, 0.12, and 0.07 μg/L, respectively. Study of four Anabaena blooms over a period of 4–8 weeks showed that changes in geosmin were correlated significantly with changes in trichome abundance. Geosmin disappeared from the water in seven days when Anabaena died. Comparison of geosmin concentrations in raw and filtered water showed that, on average, 90% of the geosmin could be associated with the particulate fraction. Dissolved geosmin concentrations ranged from 0.07–0.85 μg/L.
Compositional analysis of Helicobacter pylori rough-form lipopolysaccharides (1992)

Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to analyze the macromolecular heterogeneity of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from seven fresh clinical isolates and three culture collection strains of the human pathogen Helicobacter pylori. All the clinical isolates produced smooth-form LPS with O side chains of relatively homogeneous chain length, whereas the culture collection strains yielded rough-form LPS. A better yield of the latter LPS was obtained when combined protease pretreatment and hot phenol-water extraction were used than when the conventional phenol-water technique alone was used for extraction. The LPS of the three culture collection strains (S-24, C-5437, and NCTC 11637) were chemically characterized. Constituents common to all the LPS were fucose, D-mannose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-glycero-D-manno-heptose, L-glycero-D-manno-heptose, and 3-deoxy-D-manno-2-octulosonic acid. The molar ratios of the hexoses differed between different strains, thereby reflecting structural differences. Phosphate, phosphorylethanolamine, and pyrophosphorylethanolamine were present also. Free lipid A contained D-glucosamine and fatty acids, with phosphate and a minor amount of ethanolamine. The major fatty acids were ester- and amide-bound 3-hydroxyoctadecanoic acid and ester-bound octadecanioc and 3-hydroxyhexadecanoic acids, with minor amounts of ester-bound tetradecanoic and hexadecanoic acids. In addition to the uncommonly long 3-hydroxy fatty acids, an unusual phosphorylation pattern was deduced to be present in the lipid A.
EGFR/HER-Targeted Therapeutics In Ovarian Cancer (2012)

Despite decades of research and evolving treatment modalities, survival among patients with epithelial ovarian cancer has improved only incrementally. During this same period, the development of biologically targeted therapeutics has improved survival for patients with diverse malignancies. Many of these new drugs target the human epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/HER/ErbB) family of tyrosine kinases, which play a major role in the etiology and progression of many carcinomas, including epithelial ovarian cancer. While several HER-targeted therapeutics are US FDA approved for the treatment of various malignancies, none have gained approval for the treatment of ovarian cancer. Here, we review the published literature on HER-targeted therapeutics for the treatment of ovarian cancer, including novel HER-targeted therapeutics in various stages of clinical development, as well as the challenges that have limited the use of these inhibitors in clinical settings.
Inhibition of p53-Murine Double Minute 2 Interaction by Nutlin-3A Stabilizes p53 and Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Hodgkin Lymphoma (2007)

These data suggest that nutlin-3A stabilized p53 by preventing MDM2-mediated p53 degradation in HRS cells. wt p53 stabilization and activation by nutlin-3A may be a novel therapeutic approach for patients with HL.
Overcoming the overlap problem in the assignment of proton NMR spectra of larger proteins by use of three-dimensional heteronuclear proton-nitrogen-15 Hartmann-Hahn-multiple quantum coherence and nuclear Overhauser-multiple quantum coherence spectroscopy: application to interleukin 1.beta. (1989)

The application of three-dimensional (3D) heteronuclear NMR spectroscopy to the sequential assignment of the 1H NMR spectra of larger proteins is presented, using uniformly labeled (approximately 95%) [15N]interleukin 1 beta, a protein of 153 residues and molecular mass of 17.4 kDa, as an example. The two-dimensional (2D) 600-MHz spectra of interleukin 1 beta are too complex for complete analysis, owing to extensive cross-peak overlap and chemical shift degeneracy. We show that the combined use of 3D 1H-15N Hartmann-Hahn-multiple quantum coherence (HOHAHA-HMQC) and nuclear Overhauser-multiple quantum coherence (NOESY-HMQC) spectroscopy, designed to provide the necessary through-bond and through-space correlations for sequential assignment, provides a practical general-purpose method for resolving ambiguities which severely limit the analysis of conventional 2D NMR spectra. The absence of overlapping cross-peaks in these 3D spectra allows the unambiguous identification of C alpha H(i)-NH(i+1) and NH(i)-NH(i+1) through-space nuclear Overhauser connectivities necessary for connecting a particular C alpha H(i)-NH(i) through-bond correlation with its associated through-space sequential cross-peak The problem of amide NH chemical shift degeneracy in the 1H NMR spectrum is therefore effectively removed, and the assignment procedure simply involves inspecting a series of 2D 1H-1H slices edited by the chemical shift of the directly bonded 15N atom. Connections between residues can be identified almost without any knowledge of the spin system types involved, though this type of information is clearly required for the eventual placement of the connected residues within the primary sequence.
Immune response against the T‐independent antigen α(1→3)dextran II. Occurrence of Bγ memory cells in the course of immunization with the native polysaccharide is T cell dependent (1984)

The immune response of BALB/c mice against the bacterial antigen dextran B1355S [alpha (1----3)dextran] (Dex), a class 2 T cell-independent antigen, is largely restricted to IgM class antibody production. However, despite the fact that Dex fails to give rise to enhanced IgG responses upon repeated immunization, the development of Dex-specific B gamma memory cells, i.e. resting B cells committed to the production of specific IgG antibodies, is observed upon immunization with Dex. These B gamma memory cells, albeit not activated to IgG production in situ, can be activated upon adoptive transfer into irradiated congenic BALB Ighb mice. This mouse strain is a nonresponder strain to Dex. The expression of adoptively transferred Dex-specific B gamma memory cells is T cell-independent as T cell depletion of spleen prior to cell transfer into BALB.Ighb recipients does not abolish the IgG response. Dex-primed athymic BALB/c nude mice, in contrast to euthymic mice, give a pronounced primary IgG response but do not develop Dex-specific B gamma memory cells. Yet, they do so when reconstituted with syngenic T cells prior to immunization. This indicates that the formation of Dex-specific B gamma memory cells requires the presence of functional T cells. The pronounced primary IgG anti-Dex response of nude mice is greatly impaired by T cell reconstitution. Thus, with regard to T cell dependence, there is an inverse relationship between the formation of B gamma memory cells and the capacity to produce IgG anti-Dex. Dex-specific B gamma memory cells from BALB/c mice are expressed in congenic BALB.Ighb recipients (nonresponder to Dex) but not when transferred into identically treated syngenic hosts. This also applies to memory cells from Dex-primed female (CBA/N X BALB/c)F1 [NBF1] or from (BALB/c X CBA/N)F1 hybrids. Dex-specific B gamma memory cells from these donors are demonstrable upon adoptive transfer into BALB.Ighb mice, but they are not expressed when transferred into syngenic recipients, including male NBF1 hybrids. NBF1 males, albeit possessing the VH-Dex+ allele, do not mount humoral responses to Dex, a deficiency which is ascribed to an X chromosome-linked B cell defect. The apparent absence of Dex-specific antibodies in NBF1 males provides an opportunity to examine whether B gamma memory cell expression is inhibited in syngenic recipients by anti-Dex or autologous anti-idiotype antibodies.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Discussion Reform of Forestry Panorama Course Teaching (2012)

The existing problems such as teaching materials, teaching methods and assessment links of the forestry panorama course teaching are pointed out and some solutions to the problems in thinking are put forward. In addition, the importance and curriculum of the forestry panorama as an entry and enlightenment course is emphasized. The main goal of this paper is to make positive exploration for further deepening reform of course teaching and cultivate high-level forestry talents, and it is hoped to improve course teaching.