gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decreased B lymphocyte ecto‐5′nucleotidase and increased adenosine deaminase in mononuclear cells from patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (1988)

The levels of purine enzyme activities were studied in 10 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) or AIDS related complex (ARC) and in 6 healthy individuals with antibodies against human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). All AIDS/ARC patients studied had ecto-5'nucleotidase (ecto-5'NUC) activity in B lymphocytes below the normal range and 4 out of 6 clinically healthy HIV-positive likewise had reduced activity. Increased numbers of activated B lymphocytes were found both in the group of healthy HIV positive individuals and in AIDS/ARC patients. Further studies are needed to define whether the decrease in ecto-5'NUC activity on the B lymphocytes is a result of increased activation of the cells or of a B cell defect. No significant changes were found in ecto-5'NUC levels in T lymphocytes or mononuclear cells (MNC), neither in the group of AIDS/ARC patients nor in the healthy HIV-positive group. Both AIDS/ARC patients and healthy individuals with antibodies against HIV had increased levels of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in mononuclear cells, but only in the group of AIDS/ARC patients was the increase significant. No changes were found in purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNP) activity in the two groups tested. From these investigations of purine enzyme levels and other markers of immune function in both sick and healthy HIV infected individuals we conclude that the observed changes in ecto-5'NUC and ADA activities in HIV infected patients are not a direct result of the HIV infection but develop early in the course of the disease.
Cellulose Electro-Active Paper: From Discovery to Technology Applications (2014)

Cellulose electro-active paper (EAPap) is an attractive material of electro-active polymers (EAPs) family due to its smart characteristics. EAPap is thin cellulose film coated with metal electrodes on both sides. Its large displacement output, low actuation voltage and low power consumption can be used for biomimetic sensors/actuators and electromechanical system. Because cellulose EAPap is ultra-lightweight, easy to manufacture, inexpensive, biocompatible, and biodegradable, it has been employed for many applications such as bending actuator, vibration sensor, artificial muscle, flexible speaker, and can be advantageous in areas such as micro-insect robots, micro-flying objects, microelectromechanical systems, biosensors, and flexible displays.
Fabric and Garment Drape Measurement - Part 1 (2012)

This paper aims to make a comprehensive review of measurement methods developed for evaluating fabric and garment drape.Drapemeters used for evaluating drapeability since Pierce's bending length tester are reviewed.Parameters proposed for measuring drapeability are also considered.The authors propose that using flat fabric methods does not accurately reflect the drape of fabrics when worn.The paper is a pre-cursor to a new image analysis technique which will be reported in Part 2.
Endorphins and the Modulation of Acute Pain (1982)

The endorphins constitute a large family of structurally but not generically related peptides. They act pharmacologically like narcotic analgesics. An intimate connection between endorphin fibers and pain pathways is present, for instance, at the spinal level and at the first synapse of primary afferent pain fibers. These fibers may contain the neuropeptide substance P. In acute pain, naloxone injection causes a significant increase in pain suffering. A patient with high preoperative endorphin levels in the cerebrospinal fluid will require less pethidine for adequate pain relief after major abdominal surgery. Pethidine administration reduces substance P levels in the cerebrospinal fluid. The data suggest that endorphins do not have a protective role in acute pain conditions.
Detoxication mechanisms. III. Scope and mechanism of the iron-catalyzed dealkylation of tertiary amine oxides (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetoxication mechanisms. III. Scope and mechanism of the iron-catalyzed dealkylation of tertiary amine oxidesJ. P. Ferris, Roderick D. Gerwe, and G. R. GapskiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 9, 3493–3498Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01273a028https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01273a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views434Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of various pharmaceutical preparations of prednicarbate after repeated topical administration to the skin of rats. (1985)

The following pharmaceutical preparations of prednicarbate (Hoe 777) were tested: fatty ointment 0.1% and 0.25%, ointment 0.1% and 0.25%, cream 0.1% and 0.25%, solution 0.25%. These pharmaceutical preparations were applied 10 times to the shorn back of male Sprague-Dawley rats. After sacrifice the following parameters were recorded: body weight, skin thickness as well as ultimate load, ultimate strain, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of excised skin strips. Soluble fractions of collagen (soluble in 0.15 and 0.5 molar NaCl solution and in citrate buffer) and insoluble collagen as well as total collagen/g fresh weight were determined. The values of the treated animals were compared with the values of untreated animals and animals treated with the individual base only. As found in earlier studies prednicarbate induced a slight decrease of body weight and skin thickness. Ultimate extension and ultimate load were only barely changed. There was, however, a dose-dependent increase of modulus of elasticity and tensile strength, due to treatment with prednicarbate. Simultaneously, an increase on insoluble collagen and of total collagen per g fresh weight was noted. These results confirm previous findings, indicating a positive correlation between tensile strength and modulus of elasticity of connective tissue with the content of insoluble collagen. The effects of ointment, fatty ointment and cream are very similar, nevertheless, they depend on the type of formulation applied. In the case of prednicarbate solution the dependence of the effects upon the formulation used is very obvious. The increase of tensile strength and modulus of elasticity as well as of insoluble collagen show that very impressively.
Low Temperature Thermal Atomic Layer Deposition of Aluminum Nitride Using Hydrazine as the Nitrogen Source (2020)

Aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films were grown using thermal atomic layer deposition in the temperature range of 175-350 °C. The thin films were deposited using trimethyl aluminum (TMA) and hydrazine (N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>) as a metal precursor and nitrogen source, respectively. Highly reactive N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>, compared to its conventionally used counterpart, ammonia (NH<sub>3</sub>), provides a higher growth per cycle (GPC), which is approximately 2.3 times higher at a deposition temperature of 300 °C and, also exhibits a low impurity concentration in as-deposited films. Low temperature AlN films deposited at 225 °C with a capping layer had an Al to N composition ratio of 1:1.1, a close to ideal composition ratio, with a low oxygen content (7.5%) while exhibiting a GPC of 0.16 nm/cycle. We suggest that N<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub> as a replacement for NH<sub>3</sub> is a good alternative due to its stringent thermal budget.
The interconnection problem - a tutorial (1973)

This paper represents a fairly extensive survey of the literature on the interconnection problem. The topics covered are: Pin Assignment, Layering, Ordering, Wire List Determination, Spanning Trees, Rectilinear Steiner Trees and Wire Layout. In addition, several new ideas are presented which could provide for better wire layout. Algorithms are presented in a way that makes them easy to understand and hence, to discuss and apply. Formal statement of the algorithms can be found in the references cited.
Uranium Redox Cycling in Sediment and Biomineral Systems (2011)

Under anaerobic conditions, uranium solubility is significantly controlled by the microbially mediated reduction of relatively soluble U(VI) to poorly soluble U(IV). However, the reaction mechanism(s) for bioreduction are complex with prior sorption of U(VI) to sediments significant in many systems, and both enzymatic and abiotic U(VI) reduction pathways potentially possible. Here, we describe results from sediment microcosm and Fe(II)-bearing biomineral experiments designed to assess the relative importance of enzymatic vs. abiotic U(VI) reduction mechanisms and the longterm fate of U(IV). In oxic sediments representative of the UK Sellafield reprocessing site, U(VI) was rapidly and significantly sorbed to surfaces and during microbially-mediated bioreduction, XAS analysis showed that sorbed U(VI) was reduced to U(IV) commensurate with Fe(III)-reduction. Additional control experiments with Fe(III)-reducing sediments that were sterilized after bioreduction and then exposed to U(VI), indicated that U(VI) reduction was inhibited, implying that enzymatic as opposed to abiotic mechanisms dominated in these systems. Further experimentswithmodel Fe(II)-bearing biomineral phases (magnetite and vivianite) showed that significant U(VI) reduction occurred in co-precipitation systems, where U(VI)was spiked into the biomineral precursor phases prior to inoculation with Geobacter sulfurreducens. In contrast, when U(VI) was exposed to pre-formed, washed biominerals, XAS analysis indicated that U(VI) was recalcitrant to reduction. Reoxidation experiments examined the long-term fate of U(IV). In sediments, air exposure resulted in Fe(II) oxidation and significant U(IV) oxidative remobilization. By contrast, only partial oxidation of U(IV) and no remobilization to solution occurred with nitrate mediated bio-oxidation of sediments. Magnetite was resistant to biooxidation with nitrate. On exposure to air, magnetite changed from black to brown in colour, yet there was limited mobilization of uranium to solution and XAS confirmed that U(IV) remained dominant in the oxidized mineral phase.Overall these results highlight the complexity of uranium biogeochemistry and highlight the importance of mechanistic insights into these reactions if optimal management of the global nuclear legacy is to occur. © Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Serum type III procollagen peptide: Indicator for pulmonary fibrosis: II. Application in 80 asbestos insulation workers (1987)

An assay for type III procollagen peptide (P-III-P) was applied to serum from 80 asbestos insulation workers in order to evaluate its relationship with pulmonary and pleural fibrosis. The serum peptide levels of 16 control workers were 7.8 +/- 2.0 ng/ml (mean +/- SD). An association between the serum values of P-III-P and the profusion of small irregular opacities on chest X-rays was noted. The levels in the group with moderate interstitial pulmonary fibrosis [profusion category 2(2/1, 2/2, and 2/3)] and with marked interstitial pulmonary fibrosis [profusion category 3(3/3)] were 9.9 +/- 2.3 ng/ml (n = 5) and thus tended to be higher than those of 16 control workers (p less than 0.1). On the other hand, there was not correlation between serum peptide levels and pleural lesions nor between the former and duration of asbestos exposure. From the results of the investigation [part I of which is reported elsewhere (Okazaki et al, 1986)] this assay may be useful for detecting individuals with a more marked tendency for progression of interstitial pulmonary fibrosis due to asbestos exposure in insulation work.
Regiospecific palladium-catalyzed cycloaddition of aziridines and carbodiimides (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegiospecific palladium-catalyzed cycloaddition of aziridines and carbodiimidesJin Ook Baeg and Howard AlperCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1, 157–162Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00027a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00027a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views408Altmetric-Citations39LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Second-generation organocatalysts for the highly enantioselective dynamic kinetic resolution of azlactones (2005)

Bifunctional organocatalysts of the thiourea-tert-amine type, carrying two “matched” elements of chirality, effect the alcoholytic dynamic kinetic resolution of a variety of azlactones with up to 95% ee.
Apaf-1/Cytochrome c-independent and Smac-dependent Induction of Apoptosis in Multiple Myeloma (MM) Cells (2001)

Smac, a second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases, promotes caspase activation in the cytochrome c (cyto-c)/Apaf-1/caspase-9 pathway. Here, we show that treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) cells with dexamethasone (Dex) triggers the release of Smac from mitochondria to cytosol and activates caspase-9 without concurrent release of cyto-c and Apaf-1 oligomerization. Smac binds to XIAP (an inhibitor of apoptosis protein) and thereby, at least in part, eliminates its inhibitory effect on caspase-9. Interleukin-6, a growth factor for MM, blocks Dex-induced apoptosis and prevents release of Smac. Taken together, these findings demonstrate that Smac plays a functional role in mediating Dex-induced caspase-9 activation and apoptosis in MM cells.
Effect of dietary lipoic acid on metabolic hormones and acute-phase proteins during challenge with infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus in cattle (2006)

Results suggested that LA supplementation augmented certain aspects of the immune response; LA32 steers had a more rapid recovery from IBRV viral challenge than did others.
On the radiation from point charges (1986)

An alternative derivation of the radiation field of a point charge is presented. It starts with the Fourier components of the current produced by the moving charge. The electric field is found from the vector wave equation. Each step in the integration permits physical interpretation. The retarded time appears very naturally in this derivation. The interpretation of the present derivation is that a charge at constant velocity v̄(‖v̄‖&lt;c) does not radiate, not because it is unaccelerated, but because it has no Fourier components synchronous with waves traveling at the speed of light. Of course, Cherenkov radiation in a medium, in which the velocity of electromagnetic propagation is less than c, is the classic example of radiation by a charge moving at constant velocity.
Low-energy emulsification. Part VI: Applications in high-internal phase emulsions (1984)

Low-energy emulsification (LEE) is a novel emulsification method by which thermal energy is selectively applied to only a portion of the external or internal phase instead of to the entire emulsion as in conventional emulsification. Although LEE has proven to be extremely energy-efficient and very practical in processing a wide-range of commercial emulsions, it has been difficult to apply the technique to emulsions with large internal phase volumes because of potential irreversible phase inversion. The inversion problem is particularly acute when LEE is carried out at relatively high ratios of unheated phase to heated phase. The modified LEE technique involves withholding of a portion of the internal phase liquid as well as a portion of the external phase. The emulsion is made in three stages, with application of thermal energy only during the first-stage concentrate preparation.
The future of pharmacotherapy for schizophrenia. (2003)

Although enormous progress has been made in the treatment of schizophrenia, and the use of existing pharmacologic agents can have a dramatic effect on the short- and long-term management of the disorder, enormous challenges and unmet needs continue to exist. Despite the introduction of a second generation of antipsychotic medications, many patients continue to derive inadequate benefits from available agents. Negative symptoms and cognitive dysfunction, and decrements in psychosocial and vocational functioning, often continue to persist despite our best available treatments. Medication adherence remains a constant challenge and has not been dramatically improved by the new-generation antipsychotic drugs. Since all currently marketed antipsychotic agents possess some degree of dopamine antagonist effects, the role of other neurotransmitters in the primary antipsychotic activity remains largely unclear. It is possible that different domains of disease effects might benefit from different specific classes of medications, yet research in this area is not highly developed. The promise of further discoveries in genetics leading to new treatment targets and better predictors of treatment response (both therapeutic and adverse) is enormously exciting, but these developments will require years of additional research. The field must balance the need to make the most informed and thorough use of available agents with a sense of both excitement and patience as we work toward other approaches.
THE FORMATION OF FREE RADICALS BY REDUCTION WITH VANADOUS CHLORIDE: Preliminary Paper (1923)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE FORMATION OF FREE RADICALS BY REDUCTION WITH VANADOUS CHLORIDE: Preliminary PaperJ. B. Conant and A. W. SloanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1923, 45, 10, 2466–2472Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1923Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1923https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01663a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01663a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Administration of gallium nitrate by continuous infusion: lack of chronic nephrotoxicity confirmed by studies of enzymuria and beta 2-microglobulinuria. (1983)

Enzymuria and beta 2-microglobulinuria are sensitive markers of injury to renal tubular cells. We evaluated these markers in 41 patients with advanced malignant lymphoma who received gallium nitrate administered as a continuous infusion during a recent phase I-II study. In contrast to our findings with cisplatin, we observed no significant increase in enzyme excretion or beta 2-microglobulinuria in these patients even after long-term treatment. Our results indicate that gallium nitrate administered by infusion does not produce cumulative renal tubular toxicity.
Use of DFT techniques in speed grading a 1 GHz+ microprocessor (2003)

This paper presents a practical case-study of using DFT techniques for speed-grading the Motorola MPC7455, a 1 GHz+ microprocessor. The effectiveness of transition fault detection, path-delay AC-scan patterns and array BIST is compared with that of functional patterns for speed-grading the parts. We discuss the capabilities and challenges of using the DFT methods based on production data.
Autotune Identification under Load Disturbance (1996)

Frequent and large load changes are often encountered in chemical processes. This can be lead to erroneous results in system identification especially for the fully automated identification procedure in autotuners. Relatively speaking, the relay feedback test is less sensitive to load disturbance (e.g., as compared to the step test). However, as the magnitude of load increases, the estimates of ultimate gain and ultimate frequency deteriorate exponentially. In this work, the causes of errors are analyzed using a describing function and a remedial action is devised. Since load disturbance leads to asymmetric output responses, an output-biased relay is employed to restore symmetric output response. Furthermore, instead of a trial-and-error procedure, the bias value can be calculated immediately following system responses. Subsequently, an identification procedure is proposed to maintain the quality of the model in the face of load changes. Linear and nonlinear systems are used to test the effectiveness of the proposed procedure. The results show that the proposed approach maintains the quality of estimates under step-like and non-step-like load changes.