gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Systematic Use of Fibrin-Based Biological Adhesive to Prevent Leakage Due to Healing Defects in Rectal Anastomosis Significantly Reduces Costs (2015)

Objective: To analyse hospital costs in the pre-, and intra- and post-operative periods associated with patients undergoing rectal resection with anastomosis, comparing the costs per patient with and without the use of fibrin-based biological adhesive(Tissucol Duo®). Methods: The cost analysis was designed with a subsample of 37 patients who underwent rectal anastomosis in a randomised, single-blind, controlled, parallel comparison between two groups, to evaluate the effectiveness of fibrin-based biological adhesive used to prevent anastomotic leakage. The total costs included diagnostic tests, laboratory tests, hospital stay, adhesive cost, surgery, reintervention and drug treatment. Results: The patients had a mean age of 64.33 years, with a higher proportion of men (62.2%). The study groups were homogeneous and comparable. The average total cost in the group with biological adhesive was€ 10,304.84 compared to € 17,845.12 in the group without biological adhesive. Significant differences were found in the average cost of reintervention between groups: € 119.76 with adhesive vs. € 639.20 for the control group. Conclusions: The total cost decreased by 42% in the group in which a biological adhesive was applied compared to the group in which the adhesive was not applied. This percentage represented a difference of € 7,540.28 in the total average cost per patient.
Ontology Aided Model Comparison (2009)

In this paper we explore the use of formal ontology in model comparison. Most techniques used in the MDA community are essentially syntactic, and rely on typographical hints, such as attribute data types and labels to determine similarity. We have adapted and incorporated an ontology alignment technique, as the means to obtain more precise and reliable similarity measurements between model elements, a fundamental issue in model comparison and composition.
Photoelectron transfer mediated by size-quantized cadmium sulfide particles in polymer-blend membranes (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhotoelectron transfer mediated by size-quantized cadmium sulfide particles in polymer-blend membranesYouxin Yuan, Janos H. Fendler, and Israel CabassoCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 2, 312–318Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00020a017https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00020a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views140Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Service disciplines for guaranteed performance service in packet-switching networks (1995)

While today's computer networks support only best-effort service, future packet-switching integrated-services networks will have to support real-time communication services that allow clients to transport information with performance guarantees expressed in terms of delay, delay jitter, throughput, and loss rate. An important issue in providing guaranteed performance service is the choice of the packet service discipline at switching nodes. In this paper, we survey several service disciplines that are proposed in the literature to provide per-connection end-to-end performance guarantees in packet-switching networks. We describe their mechanisms, their similarities and differences and the performance guarantees they can provide. Various issues and tradeoffs in designing service disciplines for guaranteed performance service are discussed, and a general framework for studying and comparing these disciplines are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
B7/CD28 Costimulation Is Critical in Susceptibility to <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Corneal Infection: A Comparative Study Using Monoclonal Antibody Blockade and CD28-Deficient Mice (2001)

Evidence suggests that Pseudomonas aeruginosa stromal keratitis and corneal perforation (susceptibility) is a CD4(+) T cell-regulated inflammatory response following experimental P. aeruginosa infection. This study examined the role of Langerhans cells (LC) and the B7/CD28 costimulatory pathway in P. aeruginosa-infected cornea and the contribution of costimulatory signaling by this pathway to disease pathology. After bacterial challenge, the number of LC infiltrating the central cornea was compared in susceptible C57BL/6 (B6) vs resistant (cornea heals) BALB/c mice. LC were more numerous at 1 and 6 days postinfection (p.i.), but were similar at 4 days p.i., in susceptible vs resistant mice. Mature, B7 positive-stained LC in the cornea and pseudomonas Ag-associated LC in draining cervical lymph nodes also were increased significantly p.i. in susceptible mice. To test the relevance of these data, B6 mice were treated systemically and subconjunctivally with neutralizing B7 (B7-1/B7-2) mAbs. Treatment decreased corneal disease severity and reduced significantly the number of B7-positive cells as well as the recruitment and activation of CD4(+) T cells in the cornea. IFN-gamma mRNA levels also were decreased significantly in the cornea and in draining cervical lymph nodes of mAb-treated mice. When CD28(-/-) animals were tested, they exhibited a less severe disease response (no corneal perforation) than wild-type B6 mice and had a significantly lower delayed-type hypersensitivity response to heat-killed pseudomonas Ag. These results support a critical role for B7/CD28 costimulation in susceptibility to P. aeruginosa ocular infection.
EAR motif-mediated transcriptional repression in plants (2011)

Ethylene-responsive element binding factor-associated Amphiphilic Repression (EAR) motif-mediated transcriptional repression is emerging as one of the principal mechanisms of plant gene regulation. The EAR motif, defined by the consensus sequence patterns of either LxLxL or DLNxxP, is the most predominant form of transcriptional repression motif so far identified in plants. Additionally, this active repression motif is highly conserved in transcriptional regulators known to function as negative regulators in a broad range of developmental and physiological processes across evolutionarily diverse plant species. Recent discoveries of co-repressors interacting with EAR motifs, such as TOPLESS (TPL) and AtSAP18, have begun to unravel the mechanisms of EAR motif-mediated repression. The demonstration of genetic interaction between mutants of TPL and AtHDA19, co-complex formation between TPL-related 1 (TPR1) and AtHDA19, as well as direct physical interaction between AtSAP18 and AtHDA19 support a model where EAR repressors, via recruitment of chromatin remodeling factors, facilitate epigenetic regulation of gene expression. Here, we discuss the biological significance of EAR-mediated gene regulation in the broader context of plant biology and present literature evidence in support of a model for EAR motif-mediated repression via the recruitment and action of chromatin modifiers. Additionally, we discuss the possible influences of phosphorylation and ubiquitination on the function and turnover of EAR repressors.
Genome-wide functional screen identifies a compendium of genes affecting sensitivity to tamoxifen (2011)

Therapies that target estrogen signaling have made a very considerable contribution to reducing mortality from breast cancer. However, resistance to tamoxifen remains a major clinical problem. Here we have used a genome-wide functional profiling approach to identify multiple genes that confer resistance or sensitivity to tamoxifen. Combining whole-genome shRNA screening with massively parallel sequencing, we have profiled the impact of more than 56,670 RNA interference reagents targeting 16,487 genes on the cellular response to tamoxifen. This screen, along with subsequent validation experiments, identifies a compendium of genes whose silencing causes tamoxifen resistance (including BAP1, CLPP, GPRC5D, NAE1, NF1, NIPBL, NSD1, RAD21, RARG, SMC3, and UBA3) and also a set of genes whose silencing causes sensitivity to this endocrine agent (C10orf72, C15orf55/NUT, EDF1, ING5, KRAS, NOC3L, PPP1R15B, RRAS2, TMPRSS2, and TPM4). Multiple individual genes, including NF1, a regulator of RAS signaling, also correlate with clinical outcome after tamoxifen treatment.
Adhesion Functions in Cell Sorting by Mechanically Coupling the Cortices of Adhering Cells (2012)

Differential cell adhesion and cortex tension are thought to drive cell sorting by controlling cell-cell contact formation. Here, we show that cell adhesion and cortex tension have different mechanical functions in controlling progenitor cell-cell contact formation and sorting during zebrafish gastrulation. Cortex tension controls cell-cell contact expansion by modulating interfacial tension at the contact. By contrast, adhesion has little direct function in contact expansion, but instead is needed to mechanically couple the cortices of adhering cells at their contacts, allowing cortex tension to control contact expansion. The coupling function of adhesion is mediated by E-cadherin and limited by the mechanical anchoring of E-cadherin to the cortex. Thus, cell adhesion provides the mechanical scaffold for cell cortex tension to drive cell sorting during gastrulation.
Evaluation of a nutrient starvation model of <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> persistence by gene and protein expression profiling (2002)

The search for new TB drugs that rapidly and effectively sterilize the tissues and are thus able to shorten the duration of chemotherapy from the current 6 months has been hampered by a lack of understanding of the metabolism of the bacterium when in a 'persistent' or latent form. Little is known about the condition in which the bacilli survive, although laboratory models have shown that Mycobacterium tuberculosis can exist in a non-growing, drug-resistant state that may mimic persistence in vivo. Using nutrient starvation, we have established a model in which M. tuberculosis arrests growth, decreases its respiration rate and is resistant to isoniazid, rifampicin and metronidazole. We have used microarray and proteome analysis to investigate the response of M. tuberculosis to nutrient starvation. Proteome analysis of 6-week-starved cultures revealed the induction of several proteins. Microarray analysis enabled us to monitor gene expression during adaptation to nutrient starvation and confirmed the changes seen at the protein level. This has provided evidence for slowdown of the transcription apparatus, energy metabolism, lipid biosynthesis and cell division in addition to induction of the stringent response and several other genes that may play a role in maintaining long-term survival within the host. Thus, we have generated a model with which we can search for agents active against persistent M. tuberculosis and revealed a number of potential targets expressed under these conditions.
Foot-and-Mouth Disease (2004)

Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a highly contagious disease of cloven-hoofed animals. The disease was initially described in the 16th century and was the first animal pathogen identified as a virus. Recent FMD outbreaks in developed countries and their significant economic impact have increased the concern of governments worldwide. This review describes the reemergence of FMD in developed countries that had been disease free for many years and the effect that this has had on disease control strategies. The etiologic agent, FMD virus (FMDV), a member of the Picornaviridae family, is examined in detail at the genetic, structural, and biochemical levels and in terms of its antigenic diversity. The virus replication cycle, including virus-receptor interactions as well as unique aspects of virus translation and shutoff of host macromolecular synthesis, is discussed. This information has been the basis for the development of improved protocols to rapidly identify disease outbreaks, to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals, and to begin to identify and test novel vaccine candidates. Furthermore, this knowledge, coupled with the ability to manipulate FMDV genomes at the molecular level, has provided the framework for examination of disease pathogenesis and the development of a more complete understanding of the virus and host factors involved.
Crystallization of amorphous Si on a glass substrate through nucleation by Si+ ion implantation (1990)

Crystallization of amorphous Si films on a glass substrate by Si+ implantation (acceleration energy: 180 keV, beam current density: 10 μA/cm, ion dose: 1×1017 ions/cm2) was performed without external heating of the substrate. Transmission electron microscopy images of the crystallized specimens lead to the following conclusions: (1) crystallization was achieved through bulk nucleation by Si+ implantation, which is a low temperature and rapid process compared with the ordinary thermal process, (2) the crystallization is strongly related to the ion-solid interaction, not due to ‘‘pure’’ thermal annealing by ion beam heating.
On the queueing behavior of random codes over a gilbert-elliot erasure channel (2010)

This paper considers the queueing performance of a system that transmits coded data over a time-varying erasure channel. In our model, the queue length and channel state together form a Markov chain that depends on the system parameters. This gives a framework that allows a rigorous analysis of the queue as a function of the code rate. Most prior work in this area either ignores block-length (e.g., fluid models) or assumes error-free communication using finite codes. This work enables one to determine when such assumptions provide good, or bad, approximations of true behavior. Moreover, it offers a new approach to optimize parameters and evaluate performance. This can be valuable for delay-sensitive systems that employ short block lengths.
Preparation and characterisation of novel polypyrrole–silica colloidal nanocomposites (1994)

We describe the preparation and characterisation of colloidal dispersions of polypyrrole–silica nanocomposite particles. These nanocomposites have been characterised in terms of their particle size and chemical composition by a wide range of experimental techniques, including transmission electron microscopy, disc centrifuge photosedimentometry, photon correlation spectroscopy, elemental microanalyses, thermogravimetry, infrared spectroscopy and dc solid-state conductivity measurements. We find that both the particle size and the chemical composition depend markedly on the type of chemical oxidant selected for the in situ polymerisation of the pyrrole monomer. For example, using the FeCl3 oxidant we obtain polypyrrole–silica particles which contain up to 70 m/m% polypyrrole and have particle diameters in the range 160–320 nm, whereas the (NH4)2S2O8 oxidant yields composite particles which contain only 37–55 m/m% polypyrrole and are ca. 110–180 nm in diameter. In most cases the particle size distributions are reasonably narrow, with standard deviations as low as 13% as measured by disc centrifuge photosedimentometry. We have also investigated the mechanism of formation of these nanocomposite particles by studying: (i) the adsorption of pyrrole monomer from aqueous solution onto colloidal silica; (ii) the adsorption of oxidant [either FeCl3 or (NH4)2S2O8] from aqueous solution onto colloidal silica. These adsorption studies indicate that either the monomer or the oxidant is partially adsorbed onto the silica particles prior to polymerisation in all of our syntheses. Thus, surface polymerisation processes may be important in the formation of these nanocomposite particles.
Inertial Confinement Fusion Materials Science (2004)

Demonstration of thermonuclear ignition and gain on a laboratory scale is one of science's grand challenges. The National Ignition Facility (NIF) is committed to achieving inertial confinement fusion (ICF) by 2010. Success in this endeavor depends on four elements: the laser driver performance, target design, experimental diagnostics performance, and target fabrication and target materials performance. This article discusses the current state of target fabrication and target materials performance. The first three elements will only be discussed insofar as they relate to target fabrication specifications and target materials performance. Excellent reviews of the physics of ICF are given by Lindl [Lindl 1998] and Lindl et al. [Lindl 2004]. To achieve conditions under which inertial confinement is sufficient to achieve thermonuclear burn, an imploded fuel capsule is compressed to conditions of high density and temperature. In the laboratory a driver is required to impart energy to the capsule to effect an implosion. There are three drivers currently being considered for ICF in the laboratory: high-powered lasers, accelerated heavy ions, and x rays resulting from pulsed power machines. Of these, high-powered lasers are the most developed, provide the most symmetric drive, and provide the most energy. Laser drive operates in two configurations. The first is direct drive where the laser energy impinges directly on the ICF capsule and drives the implosion. The second is indirect drive, where the energy from the laser is first absorbed in a high-Z enclosure or hohlraum surrounding the capsule, and the resulting x-rays emitted by the hohlraum material drives the implosion. Using direct drive the laser beam energy is absorbed by the electrons in the outer corona of the target. The electrons transport the energy to the denser shell region to provide the ablation and the resulting implosion. Laser direct drive is generally less efficient and more hydrodynamically unstable than the x-ray driven ablation of indirect drive. The symmetry of the implosion depends sensitively on the balance of the intensity of the individual beams driving the target. Variations in intensity imprint perturbations on the target that are amplified by hydrodynamic instabilities. Indirect drive is less efficient at coupling energy to a capsule than direct drive because of the conversion to x-rays in the hohlraum. However, indirect drive is less sensitive to variations in beam intensity and hydrodynamic instabilities. The ignition threshold for directly-driven and indirectly-driven targets is about the same. However, the gain is calculated to be about a factor of 2 greater in directly driven targets.
Impact of base transceiver station selection mechanisms on a mobile botnet over a LTE network (2016)

This paper studies the impact of two base transceiver station selection mechanisms, namely, the distance-based eNodeB (DBM) and the signal power-based eNodeB (SPBM) mechanisms, on a mobile botnet launching a distributed denial of service (DDoS) attack on a Long Term Evolution (LTE) network. Simulation results using the Riverbed Modeller reveal that in comparison to DBM, using SPBM to enable the mobile devices' connections with the serving eNodeB stations can reduce the impact of the attack severity of the mobile botnet on the victim server, from 100% to 70%.
A Practical Method For Edge Detection And Focusing For Linewidth Measurements On Wafers (1985)

Lack of precision and accuracy of in-process critical dimension (CD) measurements of linewidth continues to be a serious problem at micrometer and submicrometer dimensions. Even with highly repeatable optical linewidth measurement systems, variable "offsets" or errors have been shown to occur with changes in process variables such as thickness of the patterned layer and sublayers and changes in the indices of refraction of the materials. All of these variations result in changes in the optical phase difference which occurs on reflection at the line edge and, therefore, results in changes in the structure of the optical image. Although an accurate coherent optical edge detection method has been developed, it requires accurate knowledge of the phase difference which is not always possible in CD measurements. This paper proposes a new dual-threshold method for edge detection and focusing, based on image theory, which can be adapted to most optical microscope-based measurement systems. It does not require knowledge of the phase difference at the line edge. The accuracy of this criterion is compared to two more widely used criteria, (1) the minimum and (2) 50% threshold, and it is concluded that, when the phase difference is unknown and varies with normal processing, the new dual-threshold method is the superior method.
Implementing the climate change convention: taxes or tradable abatement obligations equals coercion or negotiation (1998)

Technological change external to the energy supply industry – sink enhancement and demand side efficiency improvements – is key to a least–cost greenhouse gas response strategy. The potential for a low cost global forestry and biofuel based response is noted. Enlisting energy supply firms' expertise to manage such technology change entails the use of policy instruments congenial to managerial involvement. Tradable abatement obligations (equivalent to uniform voluntary agreements and to a dedicated carbon tax) provide a greater incentive to external technological change than do conventional economic instruments (carbon taxes and tradable emissions permits). A process of negotiated transition from voluntary agreements to tradable abatement obligations is described and aspects of the long run policy regime discussed.
Analysis of PV/wind potential in the Canadian residential sector through high-resolution building energy simulation (2008)

Rising fuel prices and global warming are two major issues that concern people today. In this paper, the effect that the integration of the hybrid photovoltaic (PV)/wind-turbine generation can have on conservation of energy and reduction of greenhouse gases (GHGs) has been studied. Base-case energy demands were calculated using building energy simulation software and then the residential buildings were equipped with the PV/wind-turbine electricity generation devices. The results show that the integration of those equipments can reduce both cost of fuel and GHG emissions to a fair amount. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.