gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bringing Geography In (2006)

The core of this book's argument is that incorporating geography — as a synonym for ‘place’ not as an academic discipline — to the generally used models is central to understanding British voting patterns. Most voting behaviour models are based on a compositional approach, arguing that electors' choice of party or candidate is predominantly influenced by either their position within society or their personal evaluations of the contemporary political-economic situation. This chapter argues for a contextual approach, according to which people making voting decisions are influenced by elements of the milieux within which their daily lives are engaged. Some of those influences may not be directly linked to the intimate geography of their lives, such as the newspapers they choose to read and the radio and TV channels they tune in to, which are national in their coverage. But many are: the people they talk to about political issues, the organizations that they join which have political purposes, their responses to changes in the local economy — these and many more are place-based, so that where they live (their personal geographies) can have a strong impact, and may even be the major influence, on their political and electoral choices.
SOFTM: a software maintenance expert system in Prolog (1988)

A description is given of a knowledge-based system called SOFTM, serving the following purposes: (1) assisting a software programmer or analyst in his application code maintenance tasks, (2) generating and updating automatically software correction documentation, (3) helping the end user register, and possibly interpret, observed errors on the successive application code versions. SOFTM is written in Prolog II and is largely applicable to application codes written in different programming languages, provides code descriptors can be retrieved. SOFTM does not address any of the syntactic, input-output, or procedural errors normally detected by the syntactic analyzer, compiler, or by the operating system environment. SOFTM relies on a unique ATN network-based code description, on diagnostic inference procedure based on context-based pattern classification, on maintenance log report generators, and on interfacing capabilities of Prolog II to a variety of other languages.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The emerging role and implications of sentinel node biopsy in breast carcinoma. (2012)

The surgical management of breast cancer has become less invasive in recent years. Accurate lymphatic staging remains crucial for determining adjuvant treatment and prognosis. Sentinel node biopsy enables highly accurate lymphatic staging with minimal morbidity. In this article we give a historical overview, outline the technique, give succinct guidelines for practice based on current evidence, examine recently published work as well as highlight the most important trials in progress. The advent of sentinel node biopsy for the routine treatment of breast carcinoma will have significant implications on the whole team involved in beast cancer care. Training for the entire team needs to be addressed, and preparations made as patients are likely to soon demand this procedure as part of the routine management of their breast carcinoma.
Venous Air Embolism Occurring After Removal of a Central Venous Catheter (1991)

Address correspondence to Dr. Harper, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224. Received from the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, Florida; and the Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Graduate School of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota. Accepted for publication December 5, 1990.
Background (2005)

We study stellar spectra, including both lines and continua, because we are interested in the nature of the star's atmosphere. The behavior of the atmosphere is controlled by the density of the gases in it and the energy escaping through it. These in turn depend on the mass and age of the star and to a lesser extent on chemical composition and angular momentum. Stellar atmospheres are the connecting links between the observations and the rest of stellar astrophysics. In this way two philosophies arise. One is the study of the atmosphere for its own sake and the other is the use of the atmosphere as a tool to connect our observations to other parameters of interest. This book should be useful for students of both philosophies.
Twig2Stack: bottom-up processing of generalized-tree-pattern queries over XML documents (2006)

Tree pattern matching is one of the most fundamental tasks for XML query processing. Holistic twig query processing techniques [4, 16] have been developed to minimize the intermediate results, namely, those root-to-leaf path matches that are not in the final twig results. However, useless path matches cannot be completely avoided, especially when there is a parent-child relationship in the twig query. Furthermore, existing approaches do not consider the fact that in practice, in order to process XPath or XQuery statements, a more powerful form of twig queries, namely, Generalized-Tree-Pattern (GTP) [8] queries, is required. Most existing works on processing GTP queries generally calls for costly post-processing for eliminating redundant data and/or grouping of the matching results.In this paper, we first propose a novel hierarchical stack encoding scheme to compactly represent the twig results. We introduce Twig2Stack, a bottom-up algorithm for processing twig queries based on this encoding scheme. Then we show how to efficiently enumerate the query results from the encodings for a given GTP query. To our knowledge, this is the first GTP matching solution that avoids any post path-join, sort, duplicate elimination and grouping operations. Extensive performance studies on various data sets and queries show that the proposed Twig2Stack algorithm not only has better twig query processing performance than state-of-the-art algorithms, but is also capable of efficiently processing the more complex GTP queries.
Identification of Anchor Genes during Kidney Development Defines Ontological Relationships, Molecular Subcompartments and Regulatory Pathways (2011)

The development of the mammalian kidney is well conserved from mouse to man. Despite considerable temporal and spatial data on gene expression in mammalian kidney development, primarily in rodent species, there is a paucity of genes whose expression is absolutely specific to a given anatomical compartment and/or developmental stage, defined here as 'anchor' genes. We previously generated an atlas of gene expression in the developing mouse kidney using microarray analysis of anatomical compartments collected via laser capture microdissection. Here, this data is further analysed to identify anchor genes via stringent bioinformatic filtering followed by high resolution section in situ hybridisation performed on 200 transcripts selected as specific to one of 11 anatomical compartments within the midgestation mouse kidney. A total of 37 anchor genes were identified across 6 compartments with the early proximal tubule being the compartment richest in anchor genes. Analysis of minimal and evolutionarily conserved promoter regions of this set of 25 anchor genes identified enrichment of transcription factor binding sites for Hnf4a and Hnf1b, RbpJ (Notch signalling), PPARγ:RxRA and COUP-TF family transcription factors. This was reinforced by GO analyses which also identified these anchor genes as targets in processes including epithelial proliferation and proximal tubular function. As well as defining anchor genes, this large scale validation of gene expression identified a further 92 compartment-enriched genes able to subcompartmentalise key processes during murine renal organogenesis spatially or ontologically. This included a cohort of 13 ureteric epithelial genes revealing previously unappreciated compartmentalisation of the collecting duct system and a series of early tubule genes suggesting that segmentation into proximal tubule, loop of Henle and distal tubule does not occur until the onset of glomerular vascularisation. Overall, this study serves to illuminate previously ill-defined stages of patterning and will enable further refinement of the lineage relationships within mammalian kidney development.
Wide-band omnidirectional square cylindrical metal-plate monopole antenna (2005)

A novel square cylindrical monopole antenna easily fabricated from bending a cross-shaped metal plate for wide-band omnidirectional operation is presented. With a cross-sectional area of 8 /spl times/ 8 mm/sup 2/ and a length of 23 mm, the antenna can provide a wide operating bandwidth of about 4.7 GHz (about 1.9 /spl sim/ 6.6 GHz), making it very promising for WMAN operation with the 802.16e standard in the 2 to 6 GHz band. In addition, over the operating bandwidth, the antenna shows very good omnidirectional radiation (gain variations less than 1.5 dB in the azimuthal plane over the bandwidth). Experimental and simulation results of the proposed antenna are presented and discussed.
Investigation of Singlet → Triplet Transitions by the Phosphorescence Excitation Method. III. Aromatic Ketones and Aldehydes (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of Singlet → Triplet Transitions by the Phosphorescence Excitation Method. III. Aromatic Ketones and AldehydesDavid R. Kearns and W. Alan CaseCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 22, 5087–5097Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00974a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00974a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1508Altmetric-Citations277LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Liquid-crystal layer between rough polymeric surfaces (1999)

A new kind of device made by the insertion of a nematic liquid-crystal layer between two polymeric sheets with rough surfaces is presented and discussed. The device is experimentally shown to have the same optical behavior as polymer-dispersed liquid-crystal (PDLC) films. The optical behavior as a function of temperature and of the applied electric field is experimentally studied. A first quantitative study is performed by the use of a mathematical model originally introduced for PDLC’s.
Early Detection and Continuous Quantization of Plant Disease Using Template Matching and Support Vector Machine Algorithms (2013)

This paper present a novel method for robust and early Cercospora leaf spot detection in sugar beet using hybrid algorithms of template matching and support vector machine. We adopt three-stage framework to achieve our research target: first, a plant segmentation index of G-R is introduced to distinguish leaf parts from soil-contained background for automatic selection of initial sub templates, second, we adopt a robust template matching method called orientation code matching (OCM), which could not only realize the continuous and site-specific observation of disease development, but also shows its excellent robustness for nonrigid plant object searching in scene illumination, foliar translation and small rotation, afterward, we employ a machine learning method of support vector machine (SVM) for robust and early disease classification by a color-based feature named two dimensional (2D) xy-color histogram, which has stable ability to classify disease against various illumination changes. The indoor experiment results demonstrate the robust performance of our proposed method for early disease detection against complex changes of external environment.
Breakup and Fusion of Self-Guided Femtosecond Light Pulses in Air (2001)

We report experiments showing the breakup and the merging of filaments formed by the modulational instability of femtosecond optical pulses in air. For input powers as high as 25 times the self-focusing threshold, the beams are shown to split into two spots, which coalesce into a self-guided beam. This effect occurs in an optically Kerr regime and plays an important role in the guiding process. Numerical simulations and theoretical estimates both support the comparison with the experimental data.
Validation of a device for fluorescence sensing of rare circulating cells with diffusive light in an optical flow phantom model (2011)

Detection and quantification of rare circulating cells in biological tissues is an important problem and has many applications in biomedical research. Current methods normally involve extraction of blood samples and counting of cells ex vivo, or the use of microscopy-based fluorescence in vivo flow cytometry. The goal of this work is to develop an instrument for non-invasively enumerating very rare circulating cells in small animals with diffuse light with several orders of magnitude sensitivity improvement versus current approaches. In this work, we describe the design of our system and show that single, fluorescent microspheres can be detected in limb-mimicking optical flow phantoms with varying optical properties chosen to simulate in vivo conditions. Further, we demonstrate single cell counting capabilities using fluorescently (Vybrant-DiD) labeled Jurkat and Multiple Myeloma cells. Ongoing work includes in vivo testing and characterization of our system in mice.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Decarboxylative CH Bond Arylation of Thiophenes (2011)

An efficient method involving a Pd/PCy3 catalyst in combination with a stoichiometric amount of Ag2CO3 has been established for the decarboxylative CH bond arylation of thiophenes to give 2-arylthiophenes (see scheme; Cy=cyclohexyl). Electron-rich, electron-deficient, and heterocyclic benzoic acids can be used as the arylating reagent and a broad range of substituents on the thiophene are tolerated.
Ultra Low-k Non-Porous SiOCH Film (k &lt; 2.2) Formed by Ultra Precise Molecular Control in Polymerization Synthesis by Using Large-Radius Neutral- Beam-Enhanced CVD (2013)

2013 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,Ultra Low-k Non-Porous SiOCH Film (k < 2.2) Formed by Ultra Precise Molecular Control in Polymerization Synthesis by Using Large-Radius Neutral- Beam-Enhanced CVD
Characterization of a Respiratory Syncytial Virus L Protein Inhibitor (2014)

The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) L protein is a viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase that contains multiple enzyme activities required for RSV replication. The RSV L inhibitors described in literature are limited by their cytotoxicity or the lack of RSV B subtype coverage. Here, we characterize a new RSV L inhibitor with strong antiviral activity against both RSV A and B subtypes and no detectable cytotoxicity. This compound, AZ-27, was equally active against RSV live viruses and subgenomic replicons and demonstrated advantages over other classes of RSV inhibitors in time-of-addition and cell line dependency studies. Resistance studies identified a dominant mutation in the putative capping enzyme domain of L protein, which conferred strong resistance to the AZ-27 series but not other classes of RSV inhibitors, supporting RSV L protein as the direct target for AZ-27. This novel and broad-spectrum RSV L polymerase inhibitor may pave the way toward an efficacious RSV therapeutic and provide a new tool for interrogation of the L protein function.
Formation of Silver Nanowires by a Novel Solid−Liquid Phase Arc Discharge Method (1999)

A novel technique for fabrication of silver nanowires was successfully developed via a so-called solid−liquid phase arc discharge method (SLPAD). It was found that the aging time following the SLPAD method has a significant effect on the formation and growth of silver nanowires. The possible formation process of the silver nanowires was proposed. The present technique may be extended for preparation of other metal nanowires.
Oxidative stress: a theoretical model or a biological reality? (2004)

Although oxidative stress has been extensively studied the last fifteen years, many physicians and biologists are still sceptical concerning its interest in biology and medicine. This is probably due, in part, to the fact that this subject is a matter of biophysics, and the first studies reported were written using a physical language that inspired these people used to a more concrete problematic very little. Another problem is the difficulty to detect the species mediating oxidative stress, and to determine their role in biological processes. This review is aimed at presenting oxidative stress, as well as reactive oxygen species and free radicals--the molecules that mediate it--in a clear form able to convince all researchers involved in life sciences that these short-lived intermediates are indissociable from any aerobic organism. Moreover, if reactive oxygen species and free radicals are undoubtedly involved in many pathologies, they have physiological functions too.
Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion in Offshore Oil and Gas Systems (1993)

Stainless steels, copper/nickel and titanium alloys are frequently used in offshore and gas systems. Alloying elements are added to metals to improve workability, electrical properties and corrosion resistance. Alloying elements also alter the formation, chemical composition, thickness and tenacity of corrosion products and may increase or decrease susceptibility to microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC). Biofouling, Corrosion, Biodeterioration, Electrochemistry.
Differences in Textural Properties in Minced Pink Salmon (<i>Oncorhynchus gorbuscha</i>) Processed with Phosphate-Treated Proteins and Gums (1996)

Mince produced from Pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha) was divided into 4 batches. A different commercial phosphate-treated gel-forming ingredient was added to each of three batches and the fourth batch was left untreated as a control. The mince batches were adjusted to a pH of 6.8 prior to freezing. The additive treatments were at 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 percent of the final product weight. Samples were stored at -40°C for a period of 4 months and then measured for gel-strength by punch test, torsion test, texture profile analysis (TPA), and water binding ability (WBA). The textural properties of the mince were significantly improved by the addition of gel-forming additives. A difference in textural properties was detected among the standard methods of measurements, with torsion testing yielding the most sensitive measurements.
Fully Degradable and Well-Defined Brush Copolymers from Combination of Living CO<sub>2</sub>/Epoxide Copolymerization, Thiol–Ene Click Reaction and ROP of ε-caprolactone (2011)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTFully Degradable and Well-Defined Brush Copolymers from Combination of Living CO2/Epoxide Copolymerization, Thiol–Ene Click Reaction and ROP of ε-caprolactoneJiang-Feng Zhang†, Wei-Min Ren‡, Xue-Ke Sun†, Yuan Meng†, Bin-Yang Du†, and Xing-Hong Zhang*†View Author Information† MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China‡ State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116012, ChinaTelephone and Fax: +86-571 87953732. E-mail: [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2011, 44, 24, 9882–9886Publication Date (Web):November 18, 2011Publication History Received9 September 2011Revised8 November 2011Published online18 November 2011Published inissue 27 December 2011https://doi.org/10.1021/ma202062gCopyright © 2011 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3328Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (1 MB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbene compounds,Copolymerization,Copolymers,Ethers,Polymer degradation Get e-Alerts
Ring-Opening Polymerization of Ethylene Carbonate and Depolymerization of Poly(ethylene oxide-<i>c</i><i>o</i>-ethylene carbonate) (2000)

The ring-opening polymerization of ethylene carbonate (EC) using KOH as initiator was investigated by changing the EC/KOH ratios and the reaction temperatures. The ratio of the rate of polymerization to chain scission increases as the temperature rises. Hydrolysis results and polymer composition data indicate that polymer chains are formed initially by attack of the active polymer chain end (the alcoholate anion) on ethylene carbonate: one attack at the carbonyl group followed by two attacks at the methylene group. Reactions that decrease the molecular weight and carbonate content in the polymer continue as long as the carbonate links are present. A relationship between carbonate content and degree of polymerization was derived using both decarboxylation and bimolecular elimination reactions for the kinetic equations; this fit the experimental data very well.
Age Effects in Dichotic Listening to Consonant-Vowel Syllables: Interactions With Attention (2001)

A relatively large sample of individuals (N = 240) ranging from 7 to 70 years were studied with the dichotic listening (DL) technique as a measure of language lateralization. Two questions were asked: (a) Is there a developmental effect for the right-ear advantage (REA) with age? (b) Is there a developmental effect for attentional modulation of the REA? The participants were all right-handed, healthy individuals tested in Sweden and Norway. The stimuli were dichotic presentations of consonant-vowel (CV) syllable pairs. There were 3 different attentional conditions: nonforced (NF) attention, with no specific instructions about focusing of attention; forced-right (FR) attention, with instructions to focus attention on the right-ear stimulus; and forced-left (FL) attention, with instructions to focus attention on the left-ear stimulus. The results showed a REA in all age groups, except for the 9-year-olds, in the NF condition. In the FR condition, all age groups showed a REA. The youngest age groups did not, however, increase the REA to the same degree as the older age groups, as indicated by the significant age x ear interaction. In the FL condition, all age groups, with the exception of the youngest groups, showed a left-ear advantage (LEA). It is concluded that the REA effect in DL is subject to developmental effects and that attentional effects on laterality also develop with increasing age.