gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stiffness of paper (1952)

An instrument to determine the stiffness of paper is desc ribed. The spccime n is b ent through a given angle, and the b ending moment is m eas ured as t he torque i n two l engths of piano wue, between which the clamp that holds t h e sp ecimen is suspended.
The long-term effects of taxol on explants of developing chick optic tectum in culture. (1991)

The long term effects on cellular ultrastructure and survival of exposure to the antimitotic drug taxol were investigated using explant cultures of embryonic chick optic tectum. After 7-8 days of continuous exposure the major changes were similar to those previously reported for shorter periods of exposure (Bird, 1984), i.e. the presence of increased numbers of microtubules in large bundles, associated with networks of filamentous cytoskeletal elements (inter-microtubule substance). With longer periods of exposure microtubule numbers increased further, the inter-microtubule substance became displaced towards the periphery of the microtubule bundles and filamentous cross-bridges between microtubules, other microtubules and membranous organelles became more numerous. Further microtubule accumulation, darkening of the cytoplasmic matrix, compression of endoplasmic cisterns and neuronal cell death were increasingly evident after 15 days and longer, and the numbers of synaptic profiles fell drastically. Few neurons survived beyond 28 days and return of cultures to normal medium after 7-14 days continuous exposure to taxol had limited effects on neuronal survival and none on synaptic profile numbers.
The propagation of surface waves in flow down an oscillating inclined plane (1993)

Abstract The propagation of surface waves is investigated theoretically and experimentally for the case of a single layer of viscous liquid flowing down an inclined plane, where the plane is oscillating in the flow direction. This work focuses on the linearized wavemaker problem, where the oscillations create waves which are small perturbations from the undisturbed flow. Downstream from the entrance region to the incline where the fluid is introduced, the undisturbed interface is parallel to the incline surface, and theory predicts that oscillations do not interact with waves that travel along the free surface. These waves grow as if there were no oscillation at all, and their propagation is governed by a dispersion relation between frequency, wavelength, and wave growth for single layer flow down a nonoscillating inclined plane. The entrance region to the incline is therefore responsible for exciting the various wave frequencies which are observed down the incline, as well as the initial amplitude of these waves. Experiments performed verify that waves propagate as predicted. Theory indicates that these conclusions are valid when the oscillations are perpendicular to the incline, as well as for the case of multiple stacked layers.
Marked difference in the in vivo antitumor efficacy between two immunotoxins targeted to different epitopes of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen (CD10). Mechanisms involved in the differential activities of immunotoxins. (1990)

In the present study, two isotype-matching mAb, SN5d and SN5, which are directed toward two distinctively different epitopes of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia Ag (CD10) but show a very similar binding affinity to leukemia cells, were compared for their in vivo antitumor activity after conjugated to ricin A chain (RA). Our recently established nude mouse model carrying an ascitic tumor of NALM-6 human pre-B leukemia cells was used as the tumor model. A marked difference was observed in the in vivo antitumor efficacy between SN5d-RA and SN5-RA; SN5d-RA was much more effective than SN5-RA. Several experiments were carried out to gain information concerning the mechanisms involved in the different antitumor efficacy of the two immunotoxins. Although naked (unconjugated) mAb SN5d was much less effective than SN5d-RA conjugates in the in vivo tumor suppression, mAb SN5d was more effective than mAb SN5 in the in vivo tumor suppression. Additionally, marked differences were found between SN5d and SN5 in the induction of antigenic modulation and in the regulation of Ag biosynthesis and expression. Binding of SN5 to NALM-6 leukemia cells caused strong antigenic modulation (down-regulation of Ag expression) and strongly down-regulated Ag biosynthesis and cell surface expression of new Ag. In contrast, binding of SN5d to NALM-6 leukemia cells caused little modulation of overall cell surface expression of common acute lymphoblastic leukemia Ag; the decrease of old Ag by endocytosis after binding to mAb SN5d was compensated by newly exocytosed cell-surface expressed Ag. The present results appear to reveal a novel mechanism which regulates cytotoxic activities of antibodies and immunoconjugates.
1-Bromo-1-lithioethene:  A Practical Reagent for the Efficient Preparation of 2-Bromo-1-alken-3-ols (2003)

A reliable preparative-scale synthesis of 1-bromo-1-lithioethene is reported. This reagent undergoes clean 1,2-addition with a range of aldehydes and ketones at -105 degrees C to afford the corresponding 2-bromo-1-alken-3-ols in moderate to excellent yield. Efficient diastereoselective addition to alpha-siloxy and alpha-methylcyclohexanones, as well as protected 3-keto furanose sugars, is achieved in the presence of 10 mol % CeBr(3). The resulting bromoallylic alcohol adducts have considerable potential as synthetic building blocks. [reaction: see text]
Reaktionen von <i>N.N</i>′‐Thiocarbonyl‐di‐imidazol (1962)

Abstract Darstellung und Eigenschaften von N.N ′‐Thiocarbonyl‐di‐imidazol (I) werden beschrieben. I reagiert mit Aminen im Molverhältnis 1:2 zu Thioharnstoffen, mit Alkoholen und Phenolen zu Imidazol‐thiocarbonsäure‐(1)‐estern bzw. O.O ‐Diestern der Thiokohlensäure und mit Carbonsäuren unter Bildung von Kohlenoxysulfid zu Carbonsäure‐imidazoliden.
Functional properties of protein isolates from yeast, Saccharomyces fragilis (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFunctional properties of protein isolates from yeast, Saccharomyces fragilisPong. Vananuvat and John E. KinsellaCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1975, 23, 4, 613–616Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60200a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60200a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views264Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Preparation of highly reactive metal powders. Preparation and reactions of highly reactive palladium and platinum metal slurries (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of highly reactive metal powders. Preparation and reactions of highly reactive palladium and platinum metal slurriesReuben D. Rieke and Arunas V. KavaliunasCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 17, 3069–3072Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01331a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01331a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views351Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Continuous Spin Detonations (2006)

Results on controlled continuous spin detonation of various fuels in liquid-propellant rocket motors and ramjet combustors are reported. Schemes of chambers, combustion in transverse detonation waves, and typical photographic records of transverse detonation waves are given. The flow structure, existence conditions, and basic properties of continuous detonation are considered. An analysis of physical, chemical, and geometric parameters determining spin detonation is presented. Results of studying continuous spin detonation of C 2 H 2 + air and H 2 + air mixtures in an annular ducted chamber 30.6 cm in diameter are reported. The range of existence of continuous spin detonation in fuel-air mixtures is determined as a function of the governing parameters. In the case of high-quality mixing, the transverse detonation wave velocity and structure are extremely stable in a wide range of the ratios of propellant components and in the examined range of pressures in the chamber.
The Action of Lysozyme on Partially Deacetylated Chitin (1978)

The effect of N ‐unsubstitution of chitin and chitin oligosaccharides on their hydrolysis by lysozyme was studied. Lysozyme digests of chitin deacetylated at about 70% of its glucosamine residues were fractionated by gel chromatography, paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis, giving six oligosaccharides with N ‐unsubstituted glucosamine residues, C1–C6, together with the monomer to tetramer of N ‐acetylglucosamine. Oligosaccharides C1, C2 and C3, which accounted individually for about 4–7% of the total glucosamine residues in the isolated saccharides, were identified as GlcNAc‐GlcNAc‐GlcNAc‐GlcN, GlcNAc‐GlcN‐GlcNAc‐GlcNAc and GlcNAc‐GlcN‐GlcNAc‐GlcN, respectively. Oligosaccharide C4, present in a smaller amount, and oligosaccharide C5, present in a very small amount, were identified as GlcNAc‐GlcNAc‐GlcN and GlcN‐GlcNAc‐GlcNAc, respectively. Oligosaccharide C6, accounting for about 7% of the glucosamine residues recovered, was identified as GlcNAc‐GlcN. On further digestion with excess lysozyme, tetrasaccharide C1 yielded small amounts of N ‐acetylglucosamine and GlcNAc‐GlcNAc‐GlcN in addition to major products, (GlcNAc) 2 and GlcNAc‐GlcN. Tetrasaccharide C2 was hydrolyzed by lysozyme into GlcNAc‐GlcN and (GlcNAc) 2 ; tetrasaccharide C3 into GlcNAc‐GlcN alone; trisaccharide C4 into N ‐acetylglucosamine and GlcNAc‐GlcN. In contrast, trisaccharide C5 was shown to be completely resistant to lysozyme. The results of digestion of the isolated oligosaccharides with lysozyme, together with the structural feature of these saccharides, were accounted for by the importance of the N ‐acetyl groups of the N ‐acetylglucosamine residues located on subsites C and E in the enzyme · substrate complexes.
Covalently-linked cyclooctatetraenyl dianions as sensitizers in photoelectrochemical cells (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCovalently-linked cyclooctatetraenyl dianions as sensitizers in photoelectrochemical cellsMarye Anne Fox, Kay A. Colapret, John R. Hurst, Robert L. Soulen, Rene Maldonado, and Luis EchegoyenCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 13, 3728–3729Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00039a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00039a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wide angle virtual view synthesis using two-by-two Kinect V2 (2017)

In this paper, we propose a wide-angle view synthesis system based on captured multiple images and depth maps. We use a two-by-two array of Kinect v2 cameras to facilitate virtual camera tilt and zoom-in cases. We integrate two essential components developed by our lab colleagues to form a complete and practical system Two additional elements are designed and implemented in this study. The first element is an improved multi-view blending algorithm that provides a clear improvement on the synthesized image quality even though the warping process induces some artifacts. By using four RGB-D cameras to capture the reference views, we have sufficient information to decide which pixel in the warped views is erroneous and we replace it by choosing the correct virtual color pixel from the other warped views to generate the synthesized pixel. The second element is solving the asynchronization problem among multiple Kinects in capturing images/videos. For simplicity, our first attempt is implementing a clock calibration system based on PC clock synchronization software. We examine the quality of synthesized views for various camera tilt and zoom-in/out cases. Experimental results show that the proposed multi-view blending algorithm achieves good synthesized image subjective quality on the real world images captured by four Kinect v2 sensors.
Effect of local tissue cooling on microvascular smooth muscle and postjunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors (1988)

The effect of local tissue cooling on microvascular smooth muscle contractile behavior and sensitivity to adrenergic constriction was examined in rat cremaster skeletal muscle. Intravital microscopy was used to measure the diameter of first- and second-order arterioles (control diam = 101 +/- 7 microns) and venules (diam = 142 +/- 9 microns), and third-order terminal arterioles (diam = 19 +/- 4 microns). Norepinephrine (NE) was added to the cremaster bath to produce a 20-35% reduction in control diameter obtained at 34 degrees C bath temperature (in situ cremaster temperature). In the presence of NE, cooling the bath to 26 degrees C caused additional constriction of large arterioles and venules. Terminal arterioles exhibited a more pronounced cooling-induced constriction. Spontaneous vasomotion, evident only in this vessel type, was abolished by cooling. Cooling-induced constriction and inhibition of vasomotion were readily reversible with rewarming to 34 degrees C. Blockade of postjunctional alpha 2-adrenoceptors with yohimbine (1-5 X 10(-7) M) completely abolished cooling-induced constriction, as did the alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenoceptor antagonist phentolamine (10(-6) M); blockade of alpha 1-adrenoceptors with prazosin (10(-8) M) had no effect on the response. After inhibition of the noradrenergic constriction with yohimbine or phentolamine, local cooling dilated terminal arterioles; however, the dilation was transient. These data suggest that modest tissue cooling has a direct, although transient, depressant effect on microvascular smooth muscle tone. However, in the presence of adrenergic constriction, the inhibitory effect of local tissue cooling is overcome by a selective increase in alpha 2- but not alpha 1-mediated vasoconstriction.
<i>Lens Design Fundamentals</i> (1978)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation R. Kingslake, Robert R. Shannon; Lens Design Fundamentals. Physics Today 1 December 1978; 31 (12): 51. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2994870 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Synergism between Antiplasmid Promethazine and Antibiotics In Vitro and In Vivo (2014)

Four large groups of antibiotics were developed for different targets of bacterial cells which differ from those of human cells. Uncontrolled use of antibiotics, resistance soon followed. Today, the majority of bacterial infections are caused by multidrug resistant bacterial isolates and result in serious treatment difficulties. The main cause for antibiotic resistance is the acquisition of plasmids which carry antibiotic resistant genes. These extra-chromosomal genetic elements can be eliminated by phenothiazines from antibiotic resistant bacteria by the selective inhibition of plasmid replication over that of the plasmid carrying bacterium at three different levels or steps as follows: 1. replication of plasmid DNA is destabilized due to the drug induced relaxation of super-helical structure of replicative form of plasmid DNA; 2. inhibition of partition of plasmid DNA during the cell division blocks the rolling circle type of distribution of plasmid into the two daughter cells; 3. inhibition of re-infection of plasmidless bacteria by blocking conjugation. The medical significance of plasmid elimination in vitro provides a method to isolate plasmid-free bacteria for biotechnology without any risks of mutation and opens a new perspective in rational drug design against multidrug resistant bacterial infections.
Petroleum Coke in the Urban Environment: A Review of Potential Health Effects (2015)

Petroleum coke, or petcoke, is a granular coal-like industrial by-product that is separated during the refinement of heavy crude oil. Recently, the processing of material from Canadian oil sands in U.S. refineries has led to the appearance of large petcoke piles adjacent to urban communities in Detroit and Chicago. The purpose of this literature review is to assess what is known about the effects of petcoke exposure on human health. Toxicological studies in animals indicate that dermal or inhalation petcoke exposure does not lead to a significant risk for cancer development or reproductive and developmental effects. However, pulmonary inflammation was observed in long-term inhalation exposure studies. Epidemiological studies in coke oven workers have shown increased risk for cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, but these studies are confounded by multiple industrial exposures, most notably to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that are generated during petcoke production. The main threat to urban populations in the vicinity of petcoke piles is most likely fugitive dust emissions in the form of fine particulate matter. More research is required to determine whether petcoke fine particulate matter causes or exacerbates disease, either alone or in conjunction with other environmental contaminants.
The Origin of Indoleacetic Acid and Indolepropionic Acid in Rat and Human Cerebrospinal Fluid<sup>1</sup> (1980)

Abstract: Using a new high performance liquid chromatographic method we have measured tryptophan, 5‐hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA), indoleacetic acid (IAA), and indolepropionic acid (IPA) in rat and human CSF. Experiments on rats indicate that IPA in CSF is not derived from the CNS but from bacterial metabolism in the intestine. However, IAA in CSF is derived from CNS tryptamine metabolism. Some tryptamine that is formed peripherally diffuses across the blood‐brain barrier and augments the tryptamine formed within the CNS. We have concluded from our data that (i) measurements on CSF are a useful way of studying trace amine metabolism in human CNS, but it is essential to establish the anatomical and metabolic origin of any metabolite found in the CSF; and (ii) tryptamine metabolism is more important in man than in the rat.
Investigation of Some Guiding Structures for Low-Noise FET Amplifiers (1985)

The characteristics of low-noise amplifiers using various guiding structures have been investigated. A 0.15-0.20 dB improvement over the conventional microstrip amplifiers has been achieved at 48Hz with coplanar structures. Minimum noise temperatures of 45K and 10-12 K have been obtained at room and Iiquid nitrogen temperatures respectively. A two stage amplifier was realized at 198Hz exhtbiting a gain of 13-14 dB and 3 dB noise at room temperatures.
Distinction of Hereditary Nonpolyposis Colorectal Cancer and Sporadic Microsatellite-Unstable Colorectal Cancer through Quantification of MLH1 Methylation by Real-time PCR (2007)

According to the present data, quantitative MLH1 methylation analysis in MSI-H CRC is a valuable molecular tool to distinguish between HNPCC and sporadic MSI-H CRC. The detection of a BRAF V600E mutation further supports the exclusion of HNPCC.
Effects of a Specific Benzodiazepine Antagonist (RO 15???1788) on Cerebral Blood Flow (1987)

RO 15-1788, a specific benzodiazepine antagonist, although it effectively antagonizes the clinical effects of benzodiazepines (i.e., sedation and amnesia), can also induce subjective agonist effects such as sedation or inverse agonist effects such as anxiety. The purpose of this study was to investigate in seven healthy volunteers the effect of RO 15-1788 on cerebral blood flow when intravenously injected alone or with midazolam and to compare its effects with midazolam administered alone. Cerebral blood flow was measured with the 133xenon inhalation technique and the drugs were administered simultaneously in a double-blind, randomized fashion during the four following sessions: placebo-placebo; midazolam-placebo; RO 15-1788-placebo; midazolam-RO 15-1788. No difference in cerebral blood flow was noted between the placebo-placebo, the RO 15-1788-placebo, and the RO 15-1788-midazolam sessions--although midazolam injected alone decreased cerebral blood flow by 30%. The sedation, amnesia, and the electroencephalograph (EEG) and muscle tone changes observed with midazolam-placebo were not present during the RO 15-1788-placebo and RO 15-1788-midazolam sessions. This study demonstrates the absence of effects of RO 15-1788 on cerebral blood flow when injected alone and the efficacy of this new drug in antagonizing the depressant effects of midazolam on cerebral hemodynamics.