gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The impact of potential political security level on international tourism (2002)

The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of potential political security in an effort to fill in two foregoing research gaps in international tourism. To investigate the relationship between political security and international tourism, a simple regression model was employed. Secondary data were collected from a variety of sources, such as international tourist arrivals (130 countries) from Statistical Yearbook of Tourism by World Tourism Organization and their political security index from Euromoney aggregated by polling risk analysts, risk brokers and bank credit officers. The result found that the regression coefficient of political security turned out to be statistically insignificant (p=0.23). Only 9% of total variance in international tourist arrivals is explained by the political security. However, according to the scatter plot, the outlier clusters of 18 underestimated countries and 5 overestimated countries revealed important patterns explained in terms of the political security.
QoS issues for wide-area CORBA-based object systems (2002)

CORBA is a distributed object technology which shows great promise in simplifying the task of programming applications which must operate over a wide area network (WAN). However, WAN environments are dynamic and hostile, making applications which are distributed over a WAN much more difficult to develop and maintain than those only distributed across a local area network (LAN). Quality of service (QoS) is a technology emerging in a number of communications substrates which needs to be provided at the object level to help distributed applications be easier to develop and be more adaptive at runtime. The paper describes some of the issues which CORBA based middleware must address to provide QoS for objects distributed across a WAN and overviews QuO, our middleware framework for wide area QoS.
Transformación de Beauveria bassiana cepa Bb9112 con los genes de la proteína verde fluorescente y la proteasa pr1A de Metarhizium anisopliae (2004)

In order to produce an improved strain of the entomopathogen Beauveria bassiana, fungus transformation system was developed based on resistance to the herbicide glufosinate ammonium, conferred by the bar gene. B. bassiana strain Bb 9112, characterized by its resistance to UV light, was transformed with the plasmid pBarGPE1, previously cloned with the marker gene coding for green fluorescent protein (GFP). Transformed colonies were selected in a minimal medium containing 25 µgml of the herbicide glucosinate ammonium. The expression of the protein GFF in the transformed protoplasts and the mycelium regenerated from triose protoplasts was confirmed by UV light microscopy. Pathogenicity tests indicated no significant differences in percent pathogenicity between the transformed and nontransformed strains. In order to increase the pathogenicity of Bb9112 against the coffee berry borer, it was transformed with the plasmid pBarGPEl-pr1A containing a subtilisin - protease gene (pr1A) isolated from Metarhizium anisopliae. In the transgenic strain the presence of the pr1A gene was identified by PCR. The expression of the protein was confirmed by isoelectrofocus and enzymatic activity.
Transcriptomic changes due to early, chronic intermittent alcohol exposure during forebrain development implicate WNT signaling, cell‐type specification, and cortical regionalization as primary determinants of fetal alcohol syndrome (2021)

We found that a major effect of chronic intermittent alcohol on the developing cerebral cortex is an overall imbalance in regionalization, with enrichment of gene expression related to the production of posterodorsal progenitors and a diminution of anteroventral progenitors. This finding parallels behavioral and morphological phenotypes observed in animal models of high-dose prenatal alcohol exposure, as well as patients with FAS.
Substrate temperature and collimator aspect ratio effects in titanium sputtering (1993)

We investigated the relationship of substrate temperature and collimator aspect ratio to sputtered titanium thin-film properties. Titanium films were deposited in a configuration with a collimating mesh between the target and substrate over collimator aspect ratios of 0.7–2.0 and substrate temperature ranges of 150–450 °C, respectively. We found that a morphology transition occurs with rising deposition temperature and falling collimator aspect ratio where film stress switches from compressive to tensile, roughness increases 50%, grain size doubles, and resistivity increases 20%. We propose that the transition phenomenon is based on a film growth mechanism where substrate heating and surface bombardment have competing effects on the formation of surface clusters.
The clinical characteristics and the role of surgery and imatinib treatment in patients with liver metastases from c-Kit positive gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). (2003)

The purpose of this study was to analyze the clinical features of the group of c-KIT positive GIST patients with liver metastases evaluated and treated in two referral institutions as well as to attempt to define the role of surgery in the management of GIST given the emergence to imatinib as an important part of treatment strategy in GIST patients. Between August 2001 and December 2002, 90 patients with c-KIT positive GIST were referred to our institutions. In 50 patients metastatic disease were disclosed. Of these, 35 patients (35/50; 70%) were rendered to have liver metastases and therefore offered imatinib or surgical therapy depend on CT assessment. The median follow-up of these 35 patients calculated from the time of first operation was 23 months (range 3-246 months). Male patients comprised the majority of patients (70%) with liver metastases. In 14 patients (40%) the metastases were confined only to the liver, in the others 21 patients (60%) the liver metastases were accompanied by intraperitoneal dissemination (17; 48.6%) or local recurrences (4; 11.4%). The period of time between the diagnosis of primary lesion and occurring liver metastases ranged from 0 to 164 months (median time of liver metastases presentation was 16 months for patients undergone primary curative surgery). The liver metastases were estimated as resectable in 3 cases (8.6%) and hepatic resection of all gross lesions was possible. Group of 32 patients with unresectable liver involvement was considered to treatment with imatinib. The median time of imatinib treatment for survivors is 7.5 months (range: 3.5-18.5 months). Twelve patients (37.5%) demonstrated partial response (PR) and 16 patients (50%) stable disease (SD) according to RECIST criteria. We did not observe any complete response (CR). At median follow-up 7 months, 32 of 35 patients (91.4%) were alive, 3 patients (8.6%)remained free of disease and 28 patients (87.5%) remained on imatinib treatment and have maintained disease although with partial response or stabilization only. Radical surgical resection remains the only possibility of cure for GIST patients because the complete response after imatinib therapy is restricted to a few patients only. However, despite the advanced metastatic disease, approximately 90% of patients are alive and continue imatinib treatment with median follow-up time more than 7 months. Surgery in combination with adjuvant imatinib treatment may result in improved survival with patients with advanced GIST.
Preliminary observations on isotretinoin-induced ear malformations and pattern formation of the external ear. (1992)

Retinoic acid is a morphogenic substance capable of inducing a variety of limb malformations, including duplications and reduction-type defects. Whether retinoic acid plays a similar role in controlling pattern formation of other vertebrate structures is unclear. Many fetuses and infants exposed to isotretinoin (13-cis-retinoic acid) in utero have a characteristic pattern of anomalies, chiefly involving brain, craniofacial, and thymic morphogenesis. Among the craniofacial anomalies, external ear malformations are common and the specific types of auricular malformations include partial duplications, and tissue reductions and displacements. These similarities to the types of limb malformations that retinoic acid can induce suggest that retinoic acid may play an important role in controlling pattern formation of facial structures.
Self-splicing of the Tetrahymena pre-rRNA is decreased by misfolding during transcription (1993)

RNA processing depends in part on the ability of nascent transcripts to fold into the desired conformation. Self-splicing of the group I intron from Tetrahymena was used to assess the folded state of preribosomal RNA transcripts when synthesized in vitro. A simple method for isolating nondenatured RNA from a T7 RNA polymerase reaction was tested. The intron alone is fully active when transcribed at 30 degrees C, suggesting that the active structure is both kinetically and thermodynamically favored. Longer precursor RNAs, however, were less than completely active in self-splicing. Full activity, as judged by both the initial rate and the extent of product formation, was restored by brief incubation at 95 degrees C and rapid cooling in the presence of magnesium ion. This result did not depend on the length of the precursor RNA in any simple way, but correlated loosely with the presence of intact exon domains. When transcribed in the absence of cellular proteins, a significant portion of the pre-RNA appears to be trapped in a conformation that does not readily undergo the first step of splicing.
Synthesis of pyrimidine derivatives by the reaction of ketene dithioacetals with amides (1988)

Abstract Reactions of methyl 2‐cyano‐3,3‐bis(methylthio)acrylate ( 1a ) with carboxamides 2a‐g in the presence of sodium hydride in a mixture of benzene and N,N ‐dimethylacetamide took place displacement with the methylthio group to give the corresponding methyl 3‐ N ‐acylamino‐2‐cyano‐3‐(methylthio)acrylates 3a‐g which were readily converted to the corresponding pyrimidine derivatives at reflux in methanol in good yields. Reactions of 2‐cyano‐3,3‐bis(methylthio)acrylonitrile ( 1b ) with the carboxamides 2a‐f gave directly pyrimidine‐5‐carbonitrile derivatives 7a‐f . Ketene dithioacetals 1a,b smoothly reacted with thioamide 2g or urea 2h,i to give the expected pyrimidine derivatives 9,10a,b . Polyfunctionalized pyrimidines, thus obtained, were also used for the synthesis of fused pyrimidine derivatives.
Rechargeable batteries in Japan (1977)

Separate abstracts were prepared for 25 of the papers in this book. One paper, on a very-small-capacity, solid-electrolyte cell not used as a power source, was not included. The final section of the book contains information supplied by various battery manufacturers on current products, patents, publications, etc. (RWR)
Membrane associated matrix metalloproteinases in metastasis (1999)

Hematogenous metastasis is postulated to involve tumor cell-initiated degradation of basement membrane barriers and underlying connective tissue matrices. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) are zinc-dependent endopeptidases that have been implicated in the proteolytic events of tumor cell invasion. Research has revealed a class of membrane-anchored metalloproteinases (MT-MMPs) and has provided convincing evidence that these enzymes activate latent MMP-2 (72 kDa gelatinase A) on the cell surface. The activation of plasma membrane associated MMP is a potential mechanism for facilitation of cellular metastasis and requires consideration when addressing potential roles of MMPs in tumor progression. This review focuses on potential in vivo regulatory mechanisms of membrane-associated MMP activity in the context of tumor cell interaction with matrix macromolecules. BioEssays 1999;21:940-949.
5-Methylisoxazole-3-carboxamide-Directed Palladium-Catalyzed γ-C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H Acetoxylation and Application to the Synthesis of γ-Mercapto Amino Acids for Native Chemical Ligation (2016)

Palladium-catalyzed acetoxylation of the primary γ-C(sp(3))-H bonds in the amino acids Val, Thr, and Ile was achieved using a newly discovered 5-methylisoxazole-3-carboxamide directing group. The γ-acetoxylated α-amino acid derivatives could be easily converted to γ-mercapto amino acids, which are useful for native chemical ligation (NCL). The first application of NCL at isoleucine in the semisynthesis of a Xenopus histone H3 protein was also demonstrated.
Model based extraction of articulated objects in image sequences for gait analysis (2002)

This paper describes an approach to the extraction of articulated objects which will be used for gait analysis. In most medical applications markers are used to determine trajectories of different body parts. This approach works without any markers. Monotony operators which compute the displacement vector field are used to initialize a contour based tracking algorithm called active rays-for several body parts which are important for gait analysis. The contours of different parts of the human body are extracted and tracked. These parts are approached by simple 3D geometric objects (blocks), which 3D position and motion are estimated for the each image of the image sequence. Then, the trajectories of the moving parts represented by the 3D blocks can be determined and used for classification of different gait disorders.
Selective Optical Property Modification of Double-Walled Carbon Nanotubes by Fluorination (2008)

We found that by fluorination of double-walled carbon nanotubes (DWNTs), it is possible to suppress only the Raman radial breathing mode and absorption peaks from the outer (large diameter) tubes of DWNTs. In contrast, Raman signals from the inner shells showed no difference from the pristine DWNTs. The stability of the inner shells of fluorinated DWNTs was also confirmed from the photoluminescence (PL) map and the optical absorption spectra, which only showed the signals from the inner shells of DWNTs, with no distinct change in the optical properties of the inner tubes after fluorination. Our results indicate that once fluorinated, there exists only a weak, if not none, interaction between the inner tube and the outer fluorinated tube, proving that fluorination can be used to suppress the optical properties of carbon nanotubes without interfering the properties of inner tubes. The present finding can be important in electronic and sensor applications, keeping the inner tube from having unwanted contact with other substances that may distract from the inner tube's own characteristics.
Gender Influences the Correlation between Body Mass Index and Neuroticism Score in a Community Adult Sample (2011)

Background: Body mass index (BMI) and neuroticism are used to be treated as important variables in psychiatric research. But, several previous researches have shown that there may be a correlation between those two variables. Methods: This study investigated the correlation between BMI and the neuroticism score in 1,230 participants from the community. Neuroticism score was assessed using the Maudsley Personality Inventory. Results: Correlation analysis showed that BMI was negatively correlated with neuroticism score (r=-0.09, p=0.003). But the correlation disappeared after considering the gender effect. Conclusion: The gender effect may confound the correlation between BMI and neuroticism score.
Cell Death in the Pathogenesis of Heart Disease: Mechanisms and Significance (2010)

Cell death was once viewed as unregulated. It is now clear that at least a portion of cell death is a regulated cell suicide process. This type of death can exhibit multiple morphologies. One of these, apoptosis, has long been recognized to be actively mediated, and many of its underlying mechanisms have been elucidated. Moreover, necrosis, the traditional example of unregulated cell death, is also regulated in some instances. Autophagy is usually a survival mechanism but can occur in association with cell death. Little is known, however, about how autophagic cells die. Apoptosis, necrosis, and autophagy occur in cardiac myocytes during myocardial infarction, ischemia/reperfusion, and heart failure. Pharmacological and genetic inhibition of apoptosis and necrosis lessens infarct size and improves cardiac function in these disorders. The roles of autophagy in ischemia/reperfusion and heart failure are unresolved. A better understanding of these processes and their interrelationships may allow for the development of novel therapies for the major heart syndromes.
A Complete Monolithically-Integrated Circuit for All Optical Generation of Millimeter-Wave Frequencies (1997)

The first monolithic integrated circuit for all-optical generation of millimeter wave signals is reported. The design integrates a mode-locked semiconductor ring diode laser with an optical amplifier and high-speed photodetector into a single optical integrated circuit. Signal generation is demonstration is demonstrated at 30, 60 and 90 GHz frequencies.
Synthesis of Porritoxin (2004)

A total synthesis following the sequence in Scheme 1 confirms that porritoxin possesses revised structure 3, not the originally assigned 1. A key reaction was the use of iron pentacarbonyl to formylate an aryllithium when DMF and methyl formate proved insufficiently reactive.
Construction of a Transposon-mediated Baculovirus Vector Hanpvid and a New Cell Line for Expressing Barnase (2005)

In this study we developed the transposon-mediated shuttle vector 'Hanpvid', which composed of HaNPV (Heliothis armigera nuclear polyhedrosis virus) genomic DNA and a transposon cassette from Bacmid of Bac-to-Bac system. Hanpvid replicates in E. coli in the same way as Bacmid and retains infective function in cotton bollworm cells (Hz-AM1). Using Hanpvid we constructed a recombinant virus, which could infect Hz-AM1 cells and generate recombinant HaNPV (rHa-Bar) containing the barnase gene, a ribonuclease gene from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Since the expression vector carrying barnase gene cannot replicate in the absence of barstar, a specific inhibitor of barnase, we constructed a new cotton bollworm cell line (AM1-NB) using the marker rescue method. In AM1-NB barstar was integrated into the cellular chromosome to sustain the replication of rHa-Bar. To screen out recombinant HaNPV for potential use as biopesticide, Hz-AM1 and AM1-NB cell lines were infected with rHa-Bar, respectively. The results obtained indicate that Viral progenies in AM1-NB were 23 and 160 times greater than those in Hz-AM1 48 h and 72 h after infection, respectively. With additional insertion of the polyhedron gene from AcNPV (Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus) into the Hanpvid genome, rHa-Bar regained the polyhedron phenotype and its pest-killing rate greatly improved. Toxic analysis showed that the lethal dosages (LD(50)) and the lethal time(s) (LT(50)) of rHa-Bar were reduced by 20 % and 30 %, respectively, compared to wt-HaNPV in the third instar larvae of cotton bollworm. This study shows that in AM1-NB barnase can be effectively produced and used as pest-killing agent for the biological control of cotton pests.
Biomechanical Analysis of Supracondylar Femoral Fractures Fixed With Modern Retrograde Intramedullary Nails (1999)

The bending stiffness of four currently available designs of retrograde intramedullary nails does not appear to be dependent on design variations. The torsional stiffness did vary among the four designs, but this was not determined by the number of fixation holes provided. It appears that a well-placed retrograde supracondylar nail of modern design should have sufficient stiffness to support the femur and provide stability during fracture healing.
Cyclodepsipeptides from Beauveria bassiana. Part 2. Beauverolides A to F and their relationship to isarolide (1980)

In some fermentations with a Beauveria bassiana strain capable of producing beauverolides A–F, the beauverolide metabolites contain alloisoleucine residues in place of isoleucine and are designated by the subscript a. Beauverolides Ea and Fa are shown to be the cyclotetradepsipeptides cyclo-[3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-L-valyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-alloisoleucyl] and cyclo-[3-hydroxy-4-methyloctanoyl-L-phenylalanyl-L-phenylalanyl-D-alloisoleucyl] respectively. Beauverolides Ba and Ca are the homologues derived from 3-hydroxy-4-methyldecanoic acid. Beauverolide Ba is identical with Isarolide A and with beauverilide A. Beauverolide Ca is identical with Isarolide C. The structures of beauverolides A and D are deduced from the mass spectra of the beauverolide mixture.
Equilibrium phase properties of the methanol-isobutane binary system (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEquilibrium phase properties of the methanol-isobutane binary systemAh Dong Leu and Donald B. RobinsonCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1992, 37, 1, 10–13Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00005a004https://doi.org/10.1021/je00005a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views189Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Increased nitrogen‐use efficiency in transgenic rice plants over‐expressing a nitrogen‐responsive early nodulin gene identified from rice expression profiling (2009)

Development of genetic varieties with improved nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) is essential for sustainable agriculture. In this study, we developed a growth system for rice wherein N was the growth-limiting factor, and identified N-responsive genes by a whole genome transcriptional profiling approach. Some genes were selected to test their functionality in NUE by a transgenic approach. One such example with positive effects on NUE is an early nodulin gene OsENOD93-1. This OsENOD93-1 gene responded significantly to both N induction and N reduction. Transgenic rice plants over-expressing the OsENOD93-1 gene had increased shoot dry biomass and seed yield. This OsENOD93-1 gene was expressed at high levels in roots of wild-type (WT) plants, and its protein product was localized in mitochondria. Transgenic plants accumulated higher concentrations of total amino acids and total N in roots. A higher concentration of amino acids in xylem sap was detected in transgenic plants, especially under N stress. In situ hybridization revealed that OsENOD93-1 is expressed in vascular bundles, as well as in epidermis and endodermis. This work demonstrates that transcriptional profiling, coupled with a transgenic validation approach, is an effective strategy for gene discovery. The knowledge gained from this study could be applied to other important crops.