gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobility of filamentous actin in living cytoplasm. (1987)

Filamentous actin in living cultured cells was labeled by microinjecting trace amounts of rhodamine-phalloidin (rh-pha) as a specific, high-affinity probe. The microinjection caused no detectable effect on cell morphology or cell division. The distribution of rh-pha-labeled filaments was then examined in dividing cells using image-intensified fluorescence microscopy, and the exchangeability of labeled filaments along stress fibers was studied during interphase using fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. rh-pha showed a rapid concentration at the contractile ring during cell division. In addition, recovery of fluorescence after photobleaching occurred along stress fibers with a halftime as short as 8 min. These observations suggest that at least some actin filaments undergo continuous movement and reorganization in living cells. This dynamic process may play an important role in various cellular functions.
Effect of dose fractionation on the ethylnitrosourea induction of specific-locus mutations in mouse spermatogonia. (1982)

As measured by specific-locus mutations in mouse spermatogonia, fractionating a dose of 100 mg of ethylnitrosourea per kg of body weight into doses of 10 mg/kg injected intraperitoneally at weekly intervals greatly reduces the mutation frequency compared with that from a single dose of 100 mg/kg. Because there is independent evidence that the doses of 10 and 100 mg/kg reach the germ cells in amounts directly proportional to the injected dose, the lower mutational response with the fractionated dose is attributed to repair. The induced mutation rate expected from a single 10-mg/kg dose (on the assumption that this would be 1/10th the rate observed after 10 such doses) would be only 75% of the spontaneous mutation rate. Mouse spermatogonia apparently have an efficient repair system that is effective even against a potent mutagen.
Rifamycins as inhibitors of retroviral reverse transcriptase from M-MuLV, RAV-2, and HIV-1. (1992)

29 Rifamycins were tested for inhibition of Reverse Transcriptase (RT) as potential anti HIV drugs. Two purified commercial enzymes from M-MuLV and RAV-2 were used. Anti-RT activity was also measured on a crude lysate of HIV-1. The results show that some derivatives have interesting levels of activity on isolated M-MuLV and RAV-2 RTs, while they are less active on the RT in the crude HIV-1 lysate. The active derivatives include oximes and hydrazones, alkylaminoderivatives, open ansa-chain derivatives and derivatives carrying a modified nucleoside.
<title>Model of color vision for predicting the appearance of colors under different viewing conditions</title> (1993)

The viewing conditions in different types of display, such as reflection-copy and cathode-ray tubes, affect the appearance of colors; these effects must be allowed for in designing signals intended to produce color images. A model of color vision has been devised to predict the appearance of colors in different viewing conditions, in terms of their hues, brightnesses, lightnesses, colorfulnesses, saturations, and chromas. The model has been tested by comparing its predictions to published color appearance data. These data include magnitude scaling of the hue, lightness, brightness, and colorfulness of colors displayed as reflection samples, on cathode-ray tubes, on projected slides, and on transparencies viewed on light boxes. On the whole, the predictions given by the model compare reasonably well with the precision with which color appearance data can be determined.
Optimization-based scheduling of flexible manufacturing systems for apparel production (2002)

In the mid to high volume apparel production, garments are typically grouped into production lots, and each lot is processed in its own manufacturing cell. A flexible manufacturing system used in this environment enables quick cell configuration, and the efficient operation of cells. The scheduling problem is to decide when to set up a cell and consequently begin garment production in the cell, and to decide the quantity of machines to allocate to each cell. In this paper, an integer programming model is developed which integrates scheduling and resource allocation. The model is solved by using the Lagrangian relaxation technique, and a new bundle method is used to optimize the Lagrangian dual function. Testing is performed using data from a real factory, and numerical results show that high quality schedules are efficiently generated on personal computers.
Development of a chemically defined liquid medium for growth of Legionella pneumophila (1979)

A chemically defined liquid medium has been developed for the study of the physiology and antigen production of the Legionnaires disease bacterium. The medium contains basal salts, vitamins, alpha-ketoglutaric acid, pyruvate, 0.05% l-cysteine, 0.05% glutathione, and a mixture of 20 additional amino acids, each of 0.01% final concentration, except serine, which was at 0.1%. The medium in shake culture at 37 degrees C with increased CO2 at pH 6.5, supports the maximum rate of growth, the highest cell yields, and the maximum cell surface antigen as distinguished by specific fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated antibody. Studies during the development of this medium showed that CO2, pyruvate, and alpha-ketoglutarate strongly stimulated growth; that cysteine and methionine were required for growth; and that serine, threonine, histidine, tyrosine, and tryptophane were energy sources. Glutathione substituted for cysteine, but cystine did not. The organisms did not use glucose and polysaccharides, as judged by cell yields when these carbohydrates were present or absent. The chelators malate, citrate, and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid totally inhibited growth. Beta-mercaptoethanol, thioglycolate, dithiothreitol, and Tween 80 (0.05%) inhibited growth strongly or completely. Catalase activity was extremely weak or absent. Morphology varied, depending upon conditions and phases of growth. In general, filamentous forms became chains of cigar-shaped bacilli fragmenting to pairs and becoming coccoidal in the late stationary pha-e of growth. The organism grew at 25, 30, and 37 degrees C. Although they varied in their growth characteristics, 10 isolates were passed for five transfers in the chemically defined broth, giving maximum rates of growth, cell yields, and antigen production.
Design of vehicle control system based on bluetooth low energy smartphone platform (2013)

A vehicle control system based on Bluetooth 4.0 on smartphone platform is designed in this paper. The system uses Apple iPhone4s and TI CC2540 which supports BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) specification to realize short-range communications. On the one hand, vehicle BCM (Body Control Module) with CC2540 collects the car information by CAN in real-time. On the other hand, the smartphone connects CC2540 to control the vehicle and to display the information on smartphone interface using BLE technology. The Apple iPhone4s' application is on the base of X-code4.5 development platform with iOS6. The experiments show that the control system has a good performance and a broad prospect of application in short-range communication.
TriPleX&#x2122;: The low loss passive photonics platform: Industrial applications through Multi Project Wafer runs (2014)

The TriPleX™ waveguide platform shows very low loss over a large wavelength range band (from near UV through NIR to 2.35 micron). It can be fabricated on both silicon and Fused Silica, which makes it applicable in a large range of applications. The TriPleX™ platform is standardized, and available through MPW services. This paper will give an overview of the newest results and applications.
Understanding and Addressing the Epidemic of Obesity: An Energy Balance Perspective (2006)

The intent of this paper is to address the obesity epidemic, which is a term used to describe the sudden and rapid increase in obesity rates that began in the 1980s and continues unabated today. Since 1980, the entire population, regardless of starting weight, is gradually gaining weight. This has led to escalating obesity rates and to obesity being considered one of the most serious public health challenges facing the world. At one level, the obesity epidemic is a classic gene-environment interaction where the human genotype is susceptible to environmental influences that affect energy intake and energy expenditure. It is also a problem of energy balance. Understanding the etiology of obesity requires the study of how behavioral and environmental factors have interacted to produce positive energy balance and weight gain. Reversing the epidemic of obesity will require modifying some combination of these factors to help the population achieve energy balance at a healthy body weight. While body weight is strongly influenced by biological and behavioral factors, changes in the environment promoting positive energy balance have been most responsible for the obesity epidemic. Our best strategy for reversing the obesity epidemic is to focus on preventing positive energy balance in the population through small changes in diet and physical activity that take advantage of our biological systems for regulating energy balance. Simultaneously, we must address the environment to make it easier to make better food and physical activity choices. This is a very long-term strategy for first stopping and then reversing the escalating obesity rates, but one that can, over time, return obesity rates to pre-1980s levels.
Retinoid signaling is required for the establishment of a ZPA and for the expression of <i>Hoxb-8</i>, a mediator of ZPA formation (1997)

ABSTRACT We show that retinoid receptor antagonists applied to the presumptive wing region block the formation of a zone of polarizing activity (ZPA). This suggests a direct relationship between retinoid signaling and the establishment of the ZPA. We provide evidence that the Hox gene, Hoxb-8, is a direct target of retinoid signaling since exogenously applied RA rapidly induces this gene in the absence of protein synthesis and, moreover, retinoid receptor antagonists down-regulate Hoxb-8 expression. In addition, we find that, in the lateral plate mesoderm, the domains of Hoxb-8 expression and of polarizing activity are coextensive. Taken together, these findings support the hypothesis that retinoids are required for the establishment of a ZPA, and that retinoids act, at least in part, through Hoxb-8, a gene associated with ZPA formation (Charité et al., 1994).
Calorimetric and electrical transport properties of stoichiometric La<sub>1 <i>x</i></sub>Sr<sub><i>x</i></sub>MnO<sub>3</sub>compounds (2003)

Heat capacity and electrical resistivity investigations are carried out for stoichiometric La1−xSrxMnO3 manganite compounds. The temperature of the peak of the heat capacity cp associated with ferromagnetic transition is in agreement with the resistivity measurements. The electrical resistivity shows a roughly AT2 dependence over a wide temperature range, where the coefficient A decreases as the content of Sr increases. The results show that the Kadowaki–Woods empirical relation is not valid. It is attempted to explain the dependence of A on the x content of Sr within the framework of electron–electron Umklapp scattering.
Microsegmented Flow-Through Synthesis of Silver Nanoprisms with Exact Tunable Optical Properties (2012)

In this work, a multistep microcontinuous flow-through synthesis procedure for the generation of homogeneous, high-quality silver nanoprisms is presented. The particle synthesis is based on the wet chemical reduction of silver nitrate in the presence of the polyanionic polymer poly(sodium styrenesulphonate). To obtain a high yield of homogeneous prism-shaped Ag nanoparticles with a triangular base, two main experimental steps are necessary. The first step is the synthesis of seed particles. To match the quality criteria for small, homogeneous seed particles, the synthesis was carried out in a microcontinuous flow-through system. Constant residence times and an effective mixing of the reactants were realized by the application of the microsegmented flow technique. The advantage of good reactant mixing was also adapted in the second experimental step. The growth of silver nanoprisms by reduction of silver nitrate on the noncapped surfaces of the seed particles was again carried out within microfluid segments during a continuous flow-through synthesis. The obtained colloidal solutions of both, Ag seeds and Ag nanoprisms, were analyzed using differential centrifugal sedimentation, UV–vis spectrophotometry, and scanning electron microscopy. The size distributions of the product particles of the individual process steps were extremely narrow. For the Ag seed particles, an average particle diameter of 3.8 nm with a distribution half-width of 2.3 nm was found. The edge length of the Ag nanoprisms could be varied between 35 and 180 nm, while the size distribution remained narrow and the yield of particles of the desired shape high. Because of the strong sensitivity of the optical properties of the nanoprisms from the geometrical aspects, Ag nanoprisms promise a high potential for sensor applications. Constraints on nanoparticles presented by these applications, such as uniformity and narrow size distributions, can be met by microreaction technology. In particular, by applying a microsegmented flow, an improvement of the product quality can be achieved because of the enhanced segment-internal mixing and the suppression of a residence time distribution.
Forward link power allocation for IS-95 based CDMA mobile systems (2003)

The objective of forward link power allocation is to ensure the necessary signal quality at each mobile from the cell site. Especially, to cover the whole service area, the signals conveying control information should be provided with sufficient strength even at a cell boundary. This paper describes a power allocation model in order to show how to allocate powers for the control signals transmitted on the forward link and how much power should be equipped for each base to deliver an amount of information. And specific engineering issues are then discussed with numerical examples, which include: selection of an adequate ratio of pilot power to total power transmitted at a base station; the effect of transmit power limitation on the capacity; and introducing optional data services into existing networks.
Formation of a Continuous Mesoporous Silica Film with Fully Aligned Mesochannels on a Glass Substrate (1999)

A continuous mesoporous silica film with uniaxially aligned hexagonal mesochannels was formed on a silica glass substrate using a rubbing-treated thin polyimide coating on the substrate. Polyimide which has a hexamethylene group per the repeating unit as a part of the main chain was used. The mesostructured silica film was grown on the polyimide-coated substrate through the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane under acidic conditions in the presence of hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride. X-ray diffraction experiments show that the hexagonal mesochannels in the film run parallel to the substrate surface and are aligned normal to the rubbing direction with a very narrow distribution of ±6°. The hexagonal arrangement of the mesochannels over the whole film thickness was proved by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. This highly preferred alignment of the mesochannels is caused by strong interactions between the surfactant tail groups and the polymer chains.
CONTRIBUTION OF CD40-CD154-MEDIATED COSTIMULATION TO AN ALLORESPONSE IN VIVO1 (1999)

Our data suggest that CD40-CD154 costimulation contributes to T cell priming to alloantigens in vivo and to a second set rejection phase in which donor antigens are presented to primed T cells.
Single-cell origin of mouse hemopoietic colonies expressing multiple lineages in variable combinations. (1983)

By using a micromanipulator, single cells from blast cell colonies were individually transferred to 35-mm culture dishes for secondary colony formation. When individual colonies appeared to be mature, they were examined for cellular composition by May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining and were replated for determination of unexpressed hemopoietic potentials. We describe here a total of 50 mixed hemopoietic colonies. Seven types of colonies consisting of cells in two different lineages were seen--i.e., neutrophil-macrophage, neutrophil-eosinophil, macrophage-eosinophil, macrophage-mast cell, macrophage-megakaryocyte, macrophage-erythrocyte, and erythrocyte-megakaryocyte. Six types of colonies revealed three cell lineages--i.e., neutrophil-macrophage-eosinophil, neutrophil-macrophage-mast cell, neutrophil-macrophage-erythrocyte, macrophage-mast cell-erythrocyte, neutrophil-macrophage-megakaryocyte, and neutrophil-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte lineages. In addition, multilineage colonies expressing terminal differentiation in varying combinations of more than three lineages were present. Replating studies confirmed that the progenitors for many of these colonies are terminally committed to differentiation only in the lineages disclosed by staining. This study, thus, provides a proof for the single-cell origin of mouse hemopoietic colonies expressing various combinations of cell lineages. It also supports the hypothesis that the differentiation of multipotential hemopoietic progenitors is through progressive and stochastic restriction in cell lineages.
Reflector-type periodic broadband antennas (2005)

Operation of a logarithmically periodic radiating element over a reflecting cavity is described, and the limitations on frequency bandwidth are discussed. Methods of overcoming these limitations are presented. The most promising method involves the use of dielectric materials in the cavity. Data are presented on two operating models: one, designed for minimum size, covering a 3- to-1 frequency band with a maximum VSWR of 3 to 1, and the other, somewhat larger, covering a 4.5-to-1 band with a peak VSWR of 5 to 1. Both antennas exhibit essentially constant pattern characteristics over these bands.
Nonlamellar Liquid crystals: a New Paradigm for the Delivery of Small Molecules and bio-macromolecules (2018)

The aim of this article is to collate the recent developments in the field of drug delivery, medical therapeutics and diagnostics specifically involving the nonlamellar liquid crystalline (NLC) systems. This review highlights different NLC phases having cubic, hexagonal and sponge internal structures, and their application in the field of drug delivery, such as dose reduction, toxicity reduction and therapeutic efficacy enhancement either in the form of nanoparticles, colloidal dispersion or gels. In addition, application of NLC systems as vehicles for peptides, proteins and as a theranostic system in cancer and other disease conditions is also elaborated, which is a growing platform of interest. Overall, the present review gives us a complete outlook on applications of NLC systems in the field of medicine.
PREPARATION OF FORMALDEHYDE.<sup>1</sup> (1920)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTPREPARATION OF FORMALDEHYDE.1Moyer Delwyn ThomasCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1920, 42, 5, [867]–882Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1920Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1920https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01450a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views312Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1015 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Electrochemically Induced Volume Changes in Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (1996)

The electrochemical properties of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) are studied using the bending beam method to detect volume changes during electrochemical transformations of the material. Thin films of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) immersed in different supporting electrolytes first contract very rapidly and then expand on doping, while upon undoping they contract directly, or first expand and then contract, to their original positions. It is clearly observed that the oxidation or reduction of the polymer contains two steps, one due to a redox potential close to −0.5 V vs Ag/AgCl, and another potential around 0 V. We find that the volume changes cannot be understood as a simple consequence of ion transport but must be due to the structural change of the polymer between the different states. A hypothetical picture is that during the transition from the neutral to the polaron state, the polymer is slightly charged and thus contracted; on further doping to the bipolaron and to the metallic state, the coulomb repulsion between charged sites become stronger, and the polymer expands.
Preparation of Flame Retardant Modified with Titanate for Asphalt Binder (2014)

Improving the compatibility between flame retardant and asphalt is a difficult task due to the complex nature of the materials. This study explores a low dosage compound flame retardant and seeks to improve the compatibility between flame retardants and asphalt. An orthogonal experiment was designed taking magnesium hydroxide, ammonium polyphosphate, and melamine as factors. The oil absorption and activation index were tested to determine the effect of titanate on the flame retardant additive. The pavement performance test was conducted to evaluate the effect of the flame retardant additive. Oxygen index test was conducted to confirm the effect of flame retardant on flame ability of asphalt binder. The results of this study showed that the new composite flame retardant is more effective in improving the compatibility between flame retardant and asphalt and reducing the limiting oxygen index of asphalt binder tested in this study.
Nano‐Encapsulation of Lipase by Self‐Assembled Nanogels: Induction of High Enzyme Activity and Thermal Stabilization (2010)

The effects of self-assembled polysaccharide nanogels on colloidal and thermal stability of lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia were investigated. The enzyme activity, especially k(cat), drastically increased in the presence of nanogels of cholesterol-bearing pullulan (CHP). The thermostability of lipase complex increased because the denaturation temperature of lipase increased by more than 20 degrees C by complexation with CHP nanogels. Lipase denaturation and aggregation upon heating was effectively prevented by complexation with CHP nanogels. Moreover, complexation with CHP nanogels protected lipase from lyophilization-induced aggregation. Nano-encapsulation with CHP nanogel is a useful method for colloidal and thermal stabilization of unstable enzyme.