gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Illustrative Deformation for Data Exploration (2007)

Much of the visualization research has focused on improving the rendering quality and speed, and enhancing the perceptibility of features in the data. Recently, significant emphasis has been placed on focus+context (F+C) techniques (e.g., fisheye views and magnification lens) for data exploration in addition to viewing transformation and hierarchical navigation. However, most of the existing data exploration techniques rely on the manipulation of viewing attributes of the rendering system or optical attributes of the data objects, with users being passive viewers. In this paper, we propose a more active approach to data exploration, which attempts to mimic how we would explore data if we were able to hold it and interact with it in our hands. This involves allowing the users to physically or actively manipulate the geometry of a data object. While this approach has been traditionally used in applications, such as surgical simulation, where the original geometry of the data objects is well understood by the users, there are several challenges when this approach is generalized for applications, such as flow and information visualization, where there is no common perception as to the normal or natural geometry of a data object. We introduce a taxonomy and a set of transformations especially for illustrative deformation of general data exploration. We present combined geometric or optical illustration operators for focus+context visualization, and examine the best means for preventing the deformed context from being misperceived. We demonstrated the feasibility of this generalization with examples of flow, information and video visualization.
Tungsten in silicon carbide: Band-gap states and their polytype dependence (2000)

Band-gap states of tungsten in silicon carbide (polytypes $4H,$ $6H,$ and $15R)$ are investigated by deep-level transient spectroscopy (DLTS) and admittance spectroscopy on n-type SiC. Doping with W is done by ion implantation and annealing. To establish a definite chemical identification of band-gap states, the radioactive isotope ${}^{178}\mathrm{W}$ is used as a tracer: band-gap states involving a ${}^{178}\mathrm{W}$ isotope are uniquely identified by their decreasing concentration during the nuclear transmutation of ${}^{178}\mathrm{W}$ to Hf. In addition, conventional doping studies with stable W isotopes are performed. Within the part of the band gap accessible by DLTS on n-type SiC, there is one tungsten-related deep level with a large capture cross section ${(10}^{\ensuremath{-}12}{\mathrm{cm}}^{2})$ for electrons. In the polytypes $4H,$ $6H,$ and $15R,$ its energy is 1.43, 1.16, and 1.14 eV below the conduction-band edge ${(E}_{C}),$ respectively. The polytype dependence of this level position directly reflects the conduction-band offset. In the $4H$ polytype, an additional level close to the conduction band ${(E}_{C}\ensuremath{-}0.17\mathrm{eV})$ exists that is absent in the other polytypes because of their smaller band gap. Due to the acceptorlike deep band-gap state, tungsten is a good candidate for a compensating center to produce semi-insulating SiC.
Suppression of apoptotic DNA fragmentation in herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells (1997)

HEp-2 cells underwent apoptosis when the cells were incubated in medium containing sorbitol. Infection with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) prior to the sorbitol treatment suppressed this apoptosis completely, indicating that HSV-1 carries an antiapoptosis gene. In addition, HSV-1 multiplication was restricted in these apoptotic HEp-2 cells.
Macrophages (2013)

The Russian bacteriologist Metchnikov described the macrophage for the first time in the late 19th century.1 For his extraordinary contributions to the then burgeoning field of immunology, he was one of the recipients of the 1908 Nobel Prize in Medicine or Physiology. The etymology of the word macrophage, built from the roots makros and phagein, lends insights into the earliest understanding of the function of these captivating cells, that is, the devouring of large structures. We now understand that these big eater macrophages engulf invading pathogens, as well as debris and dead and dying cells. However, beyond roles for these cells in phagocytosis, research has uncovered seminal functions for macrophages in diverse processes, such as development,2,3 metabolism,4 and reproduction.5 Once monocytes are recruited from the circulation into the target tissues, they are transformed into macrophages; these cells are both modulated by and modulate the fundamental phenotypes of the tissues into which they are …
Mass spectrometric identification of an HLA-A*0201 epitope from Plasmodium falciparum MSP-1 (2008)

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) directed against Plasmodium falciparum-derived antigens were shown to play an important role for the protection against malaria. Although several CTL epitopes have been identified from P. falciparum sporozoite-derived antigens, none has been described for the merozoite form. Since the merozoite surface protein (MSP)-1 is a known target of the immune response, we focused on this protein to identify HLA-A*0201-associated epitopes. Using our mass spectrometry-based method [the 'predict-calibrate-detect' (PCD) approach], we were able to identify an MSP-1-derived epitope in the peptide mixture naturally associated with HLA-A*0201 molecules purified from an MSP-1-expressing cell line. CTLs against this epitope were generated from HLA-A*0201 monochain transgenic mice (HHD). They specifically killed MSP-1-expressing HLA-A2-positive target cells. Thus, we describe here the first MHC class I epitope from the merozoite form of P. falciparum. This epitope can be used as a tool for the immunomonitoring of natural or vaccine-induced CTL immune responses against malaria and could eventually be proposed as a component of an anti-malaria peptide-based vaccine.
Lightning Current Distribution to Ground at a Power Line Tower Carrying a Radio Base Station (2005)

Radio base stations are often mounted on towers of power transmission lines. They are usually powered from the low-voltage network through an isolating transformer, to separate the high- and low-voltage networks. The isolating transformer ensures security at customers' premises in the case of nearby power faults and particularly in case of lightning striking, which is a frequent cause of flashover of the high-voltage insulators and a subsequent phase-to-ground fault. To optimize such protection, a better understanding of the current distribution to the ground in the initial phase of the lightning striking is required. This work presents a computer simulation method and its results for the lightning current distribution between the sky wires, grounding systems, and power cable network. What is of special concern is the part of the lightning current that might be led into the metal-shielded distribution cable network. A rigorous electromagnetic modeling approach was applied for the analysis of the grounding effects in a network of coated and uncoated low- and medium-voltage cables. The analysis was then applied to a practical case.
On planning immobilizing grasps for a reconfigurable gripper (2002)

We propose a reconfigurable gripper that consists of two parallel plates whose distance can be adjusted by a computer-controlled actuator. The bottom plate is a bare plane, and the top plate carries a rectangular grid of actuated pins that can translate in discrete increments under computer control. We propose to use this gripper to immobilize objects through frictionless contacts with three of the pins and the bottom plate. We present an efficient grasp planning algorithm, describe the design of the gripper, which is currently under construction, and report preliminary simulation experiments.
ESSAY ON THE BALLISTOCARDIOGRAM (1954)

This article is an essay rather than a scientific publication of the more usual type. Its purpose is not to instruct physicians how to use the method to be described nor to urge them to do so but rather to acquaint them with the main features of this rapidly growing field, emphasizing its difficulties, as well as its background, hopes, and aspirations. I do not propose to review the literature at length, nor to supply a complete bibliography. Once a week, I hold in my laboratory a conference to which any physician interested in ballistocardiograms is welcome and at which the records taken during the week are shown and discussed. I also take great interest in inspecting any records brought in by those physicians who care to attend, and so, although not actively practicing medicine myself, I have become well aware of the difficulties being encountered by those seeking to
Electrocortical frequencies in hyperactive, learning-disabled, mixed, and normal children. (1982)

Ten boys in each of four groups (hyperactive, learning-disabled, hyperactive/learning-disabled or mixed, and normal) were exposed to a complex visual search task. EEGs were recorded at central and parietal sites, 1-sec prestimulus and 1-sec poststimulus onset, on three types of trials. The resulting wave forms, averaged over trials, were converted to the frequency domain via a fast Fourier transform and factored by principal components. Four components accounting for 87% of the variance were varimax-rotated. Analyses of variance of the component scores revealed that Component 1 differentiated the four groups of boys. This component had highest loadings in frequencies from 16 to 20 Hz and secondary loading in frequencies from 7 to 10 Hz. It was concluded that this multifrequency component is sensitive to parameters deficient in hyperactive and learning-disabled children.
MetaLDA: a Topic Model that Efficiently Incorporates Meta information (2017)

Besides the text content, documents and their associated words usually come with rich sets of meta informa- tion, such as categories of documents and semantic/syntactic features of words, like those encoded in word embeddings. Incorporating such meta information directly into the generative process of topic models can improve modelling accuracy and topic quality, especially in the case where the word-occurrence information in the training data is insufficient. In this paper, we present a topic model, called MetaLDA, which is able to leverage either document or word meta information, or both of them jointly. With two data argumentation techniques, we can derive an efficient Gibbs sampling algorithm, which benefits from the fully local conjugacy of the model. Moreover, the algorithm is favoured by the sparsity of the meta information. Extensive experiments on several real world datasets demonstrate that our model achieves comparable or improved performance in terms of both perplexity and topic quality, particularly in handling sparse texts. In addition, compared with other models using meta information, our model runs significantly faster.
Introduction: (1996)

The conflicts and confrontations which appear to be a permanent feature of the 1990s seem to cry out for a leader who can knit the polarized factions together. The objective of this book is to examine the behaviour of successful leaders to provide insight on how they resolved such conflicts. The innocent observer of this trauma thus finds himself facing the age-old issues: what can a single individual do in the face of such strongly held opposed views? Are these nations bereft of leadership, or have their leaders tried and failed against insuperable odds?
[Drug interference with the determination of urinary proteins with pyrocatechol violet Upro Vitros slides]. (2004)

The purpose of this study is to investigate drug's interference on proteinuria's determination with pyorcatechol violet (Vitros technology). Five drugs were selected: gelatin based vascular replacement fluids (Plasmion), deferoxamine (Desféral), ceftriaxone (Rocéphine), ceftazidime (Fortum) and imipeneme (Tienam). To state precisely the role played by slide's technology, a liquid phase dosage was simultaneously made with pyrocatechol violet. No interference was notified with therapeutical range for four of them: gelatin, deferoxamine, ceftazidime and imipeneme. Slides technology prevents from gelatin's interference because the colorant is sensible to this drugs. On the other hand, positive interference was observed with ceftriaxone for urinary concentration upper than 0.75 g/L. This concentration is lower than that notified by Vitros laboratory in the technical data.
Effects of prolonged‐release melatonin, zolpidem, and their combination on psychomotor functions, memory recall, and driving skills in healthy middle aged and elderly volunteers (2008)

This study extends previous researches showing impairment of cognitive functions by zolpidem within 5 h post-administration. Further, PR-M use was not found associated with impairment of psychomotor functions, memory recall, and driving skills, and point to a pharmacodynamic interaction between melatonin and GABA-A modulators.
Hypoxia-Sensitive Fluorescent Probes for <i>in Vivo</i> Real-Time Fluorescence Imaging of Acute Ischemia (2010)

Based on the findings that the azo functional group has excellent properties as the hypoxia-sensor moiety, we developed hypoxia-sensitive near-infrared fluorescent probes in which a large fluorescence increase is triggered by the cleavage of an azo bond. The probes were used for fluorescence imaging of hypoxic cells and real-time monitoring of ischemia in the liver and kidney of live mice.
Measurement of Microgram Surface Densities by Observation of Proton Produced X Rays (1967)

X-ray production by proton bombardment was used to determine the surface density of thin films of Al, Cu, and Yb. This was accomplished by comparison at a number of thicknesses with known films. In addition, the x-ray yield for Al was compared with values predicted by the use of x-ray production cross section, stopping power, and bulk density. The experimental and calculated values agreed within 15%. The data are presented in linear form from 0 to 1900 Å and semilogarithmic form from 0 to 7000 Å, which is nearly a thick film for this technique. The useful upper limit lies in the range of 1000 Å for Yb and 4000 Å for Al. The lower limit is not clearly established, although the measurements for the Al surface densities were limited to surface densities equivalent to 1.2 Å as established by substrate contamination.
Comparison between sterile saline and tap water for the cleaning of acute traumatic soft tissue wounds. (1992)

Sterile saline should be replaced by tap water for the cleaning of acute traumatic superficial soft tissue wounds.
THE weighted histogram analysis method for free‐energy calculations on biomolecules. I. The method (1992)

Abstract The Weighted Histogram Analysis Method (WHAM), an extension of Ferrenberg and Swendsen's Multiple Histogram Technique, has been applied for the first time on complex biomolecular Hamiltonians. The method is presented here as an extension of the Umbrella Sampling method for free‐energy and Potential of Mean Force calculations. This algorithm possesses the following advantages over methods that are currently employed: (1) It provides a built‐in estimate of sampling errors thereby yielding objective estimates of the optimal location and length of additional simulations needed to achieve a desired level of precision; (2) it yields the “best” value of free energies by taking into account all the simulations so as to minimize the statistical errors; (3) in addition to optimizing the links between simulations, it also allows multiple overlaps of probability distributions for obtaining better estimates of the free‐energy differences. By recasting the Ferrenberg–Swendsen Multiple Histogram equations in a form suitable for molecular mechanics type Hamiltonians, we have demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of this method by applying it to a test problem of the generation of the Potential of Mean Force profile of the pseudorotation phase angle of the sugar ring in deoxyadenosine. © 1992 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Comparative investigation of gate leakage current in single and double channel InP HEMT (2002)

The InP HEMT is a key electron device for monolithic optoelectronic integration. However, the additional gate current due to impact ionization in the low band-gap InGaAs channel is a serious limitation for photoreceiver applications and for high breakdown voltage. In order to overcome this limitation InGaAs/InP double channel HEMTs (DC HEMT) have been fabricated, characterised and compared with InGaAs single channel HEMTs (SC HEMT). As expected the gate leakage current is much lower for the DC HEMT. A physical quasi-2D simulation supports this improved behaviour and shows that the gate leakage current peak is about four orders of magnitude lower for the DC HEMT than for the SC HEMT. This is verified for different gate lengths, even though the drain current for the DC HEMT is two times higher than that of the SC HEMT.
The Basal Lamina of the Neuromuscular Junction (1983)

Each muscle fiber in skeletal muscle is ensheathed by a layer of extracellular matrix material, the basal lamina (BL). BL extends between nerve and muscle at the neuromuscular junction and projects into folds that invaginate the postsynaptic membrane (Fig. la). BL thus comprises a large fraction of the synaptic cleft material of the neuromuscular junction, and it presents this material in a form that is highly structured, morphologically identifiable, and susceptible to experimental analysis. In contrast, extracellular material in the clefts of interneuronal synapses has been particularly difficult to study.
Solubilization of Polycyclic Aromatics in Water by γ‐Cyclodextrin Derivatives (2011)

A series of hydrophilic per-6-thio-6-deoxy-γ-cyclodextrins (CDs) were synthesized from per-6-iodo-6-deoxy-γ-CD. These new hosts are able to solubilize polycyclic aromatic guests in aqueous solution to much higher extents than native CDs. Phase-solubility diagrams were mostly linear in accordance with both 1:1 and 1:2 CD-guest complexes in aqueous solution. The stoichiometry of the inclusion complexes was further investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, which revealed very pronounced Stokes shifts typical for 1:2 complexes. This finding was further consolidated by quantum mechanical calculations of dimer formation of the guests and space-filling considerations by using the cross-sectional areas of the CDs and guests. The calculated dimerization energies correlated well with the binding free energies measured for the 1:2 complexes, and provided the main contribution to the driving force of complexation in the γ-CD cavity.
Cyanidin 3-Galactoside, a New Anthocyanin from Camellia japonica subsp. rusticana (Honda) Kitamura and Its Occurrence in the Garden Forms of Camellia of Japanese Origin (1986)

Cyanidin 3-galactoside was detected in flowers of the wild form of C. japonica subsp. rusticana by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This was the first case in which 3-galactoside of cyanidin was found to occur in the genus Camellia. The amounts of cyanidin 3-galactoside in the garden forms of C. japonica, C. japonica subsp. rusticana, C. sasanqua and C. vernalis were 12, 34, 1 and 7% of the total amount of anthocyanins, respectively, indicating that the occurrence of relatively large amounts of this pigment is specific to C. japonica subsp. rusticana. It is suggested that, along with other constituent anthocyaninspreviously reported, the use of cyanidin 3-galactoside as a chemical marker will make more positive classification of camellia cultivars possible.
Development of Pd/C-Catalyzed Cyanation of Aryl Halides (2010)

A practical method for palladium-catalyzed cyanation of aryl halides using Pd/C is described. The new method can be applied to a variety of aryl bromide and active aryl chloride substrates to effect efficient conversions. The process features many advantages over existing cyanation conditions and the practical utility of the process has been demonstrated on scale.
LIGHT (a Cellular Ligand for Herpes Virus Entry Mediator and Lymphotoxin Receptor)-Mediated Thymocyte Deletion Is Dependent on the Interaction Between TCR and MHC/Self-Peptide (2003)

Negative selection serves as a major mechanism to maintain self-tolerance. We previously reported that LIGHT (a cellular ligand for herpes virus entry mediator and lymphotoxin receptor), a TNF family member, plays an important role in thymocyte development via promoting apoptosis of double-positive thymocytes. Here, we demonstrated that LIGHT-mediated deletion of thymocyte requires the strong interaction of TCR with MHC/self-peptide. Transgenic mice overexpressing LIGHT in thymocytes were bred with a transgenic mouse line expressing a TCR recognizing the H-Y male Ag in the context of H-2b class I MHC molecules. In male H-Y/LIGHT double-transgenic mice, more efficient negative selection of H-Y T cells occurred, and total thymocyte number was further reduced compared with H-Y/negative littermates. In contrast, the presence of LIGHT transgene had no evident impact on the thymocyte development of female H-Y/LIGHT double-transgenic mice. Taken together, LIGHT plays a role in negative selection of thymocytes via inducing the apoptosis of thymocytes bearing high affinity TCR during negative selection.
SYNSEA code for generating synthetic IR imagery of sea backgrounds (1992)

The emitted and reflected contributions to infrared sea radiance are affected by factors such as water temperature, prevailing weather conditions, wave structure, and viewing geometry. These factors are all addressed in the computer code SYNSEA which generates synthetic IR sea background imagery. In generating a radiance value for a scene pixel, SYNSEA calculates the radiance contributions for a distribution of surface orientations, weights these contributions according to the probabilities with which the orientations will occur, and sums the weighted contributions. SYNSEA predicts a unique surface orientation distribution for each pixel based upon the IFOV and the randomness of the surface, allowing the radiance calculations to make a smooth transition between the extremes of high and low resolution. SYNSEA has been coded in a modular fashion to facilitate modifications for integration with other codes. Although the statistics of the clutter predicted by SYNSEA have not yet been compared to any measurements, mean radiance values predicted with SYNSEA calculations have compared well with radiometric measurements.
Mobile Edge Computing: A Survey (2017)

Mobile edge computing (MEC) is an emergent architecture where cloud computing services are extended to the edge of networks leveraging mobile base stations. As a promising edge technology, it can be applied to mobile, wireless, and wireline scenarios, using software and hardware platforms, located at the network edge in the vicinity of end-users. MEC provides seamless integration of multiple application service providers and vendors toward mobile subscribers, enterprises, and other vertical segments. It is an important component in the 5G architecture which supports variety of innovative applications and services where ultralow latency is required. This paper is aimed to present a comprehensive survey of relevant research and technological developments in the area of MEC. It provides the definition of MEC, its advantages, architectures, and application areas; where we in particular highlight related research and future directions. Finally, security and privacy issues and related existing solutions are also discussed.