gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cellular and humorial immune responses in mice. III. Acceleration of delayed hypersensitivity response by presensitization with suboptimal dose of antigen. (1976)

Delayed hypersensitivity (DH) response in mice induced by subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of optimal dose of sheep red blood cells (SRBC) 10(8)) was accelerated by s.c. injection of the antigen of 10(3) or more doses, given 2 or more days earlier. The accelerated response appeared soon after the injection of optimal antigen dose, that is, 1 or 2 days earlier than the response of non-presensitized control. The acceleration was antigen specific. The accelerated response was generally accompanied by an acceleration and/or enhancement of humoral antibody response. Parallel to the acceleration of DH response, the proliferation of regional lymph node cells in the presensitized mice was induced immediately after the following injection of 10(8) SRBC, 1 day earlier than that of non-presensitized animals. These results suggest that presensitization of mice with the antigen induces DH-related memory cells which proliferate immediately after the following injection and function as effector cells for DH reactions, and that the development of DH-related memory cells occurs in close relation to that of helper thymus-derived (T) cells for antibody production.
Elastohydrodynamic Film Thickness Measurements of Artificially Produced Nonsmooth Surfaces (1981)

Optical interferometry is used to measure the elastohydrodynamic (EHD) film thickness associated with artificially produced nonsmooth surfaces. The nonsmooth surfaces are produced by modifying the surfaces of highly-polished balls with irregularities in the form of multiple grooves and dents. By closely spacing these irregularities it is possible not only to produce depressions on the surface of the balls but also to generate pseudo asperities. The average roughness wavelength of this artificially-produced, nonsmooth, surface approximates the average fundamental roughness wavelength found on surfaces of some mechanical elements operating under concentrated contact. By comparing the measured film thickness profiles to the stylus traces of the irregularities, it was possible to observe the local deformations associated with micro-EHD pressure generation. In both pure rolling and pure sliding conditions the artificially-produced asperities are deformed and complete separation exists between them and the mating surface. Such findings demonstrate the importance of local surface topography and resulting micro-EHD effects on the film thickness between rough surfaces in concentrated contact. Sliding data are presented which demonstrate a severe constriction, caused by the irregularities, at the exit of the Hertzian region.
Improvement of the kirromycin fermentation by resin addition (1996)

The kirromycin yield ofActinoplanes sp A8924 was improved from 30–50 mg L−1 to 350 mg L−1 by mutant selection and medium optimization. The incorporation of polystyrenic resins into the fermentations promoted a further fourfold enhancement of kirromycin productivity to 1500 mg L−1. The positive effect of resin addition appears to be due to removal of kirromycin from the fermentation broth because kirromycin's minimal inhibitory concentration against the producing strain remained atca 350 mg L−1.
Decomposition of calcium sulfate: a review of the literature. (1976)

One of the important issues related to fluidized bed combustion of fossil fuels is the subsequent handling and/or treatment of the partially sulfated lime material removed from the combustor. One alternative would be to regenerate the sulfated additive to recover the sulfur, which would be stored for use, and lime that would be recycled for reuse in the combustor. It is the purpose of this report to review the development of regeneration technology which has progressed rather slowly as compared with the technology relative to the fluidized bed combustion process. The review covers research efforts specifically directed toward the regeneration of sulfated limestones plus those studies which have been made to investigate the decomposition of naturally occurring minerals of calcium sulfate. The report reviews basic thermodynamic and kinetic studies as well as laboratory, bench, and pilot scale process development studies. No attempt has been made in the review to evaluate the engineering, environmental, or economic merits of regeneration of the various regeneration schemes.
On Quadratization of Pseudo-Boolean Functions (2014)

We survey current term-wise techniques for quadratizing high-degree pseudo-Boolean functions and introduce a new one, which allows multiple splits of terms. We also introduce the first aggregative approach, which splits a collection of terms based on their common parts.
Internet video packet categorization with enhanced end-to-end QoS performance (2002)

In this research, a video delivery system is proposed by integrating the layered codec and the proposed corruption model. In the system, it is assumed that the base layer packets are delivered without loss since they are assigned the most reliable service level. Then, packets in the enhancement layer are analyzed with the corruption model and categorized for differentiated delivery services. The corruption model for generating the relative priority index (RPI) is extended to layered bitstreams. In addition to taking into account the initial error and the propagation error due to packet loss, the dependency between the same and different layers is reflected in the modified macroblock corruption model. In order to facilitate the prioritized delivery of the enhancement layer, the RPI-based corruption model for each packet as well as coordinated delivery of packetized video over QoS networks are investigated. Finally, a per-packet optimization framework with unequal error protection (UEP) is realized to consider both end-to-end video performance and pricing. The performance of the proposed solution is verified with extensive simulations.
A REAL TIME TRAFFIC LIGHT RECOGNITION SYSTEM (2008)

Driving is a challenging task, especially for those with color vision deficiencies. Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) can provide useful information and make driving safe and convenient. A real time traffic light recognition system is presented in this paper for improving public safety and facilitating color deficient drivers. It may also be included as a part of ITS. The presented system consists of a digital video camera to record traffic lights and a portable PC to process images in real time. It uses various techniques of color detection, feature matching with normalized cross-correlation (NCC), and mathematical shape analysis for the traffic light recognition. For color detection, we obtained an initial solution by using RGB component adjustment, thresholding algorithm, and median filter. In dealing with illumination changes with weather and time, a simple adaptation method was developed. Feature matching with NCC was used after color detection to further detect and recognize the traffic lights. To improve the system's tolerance and robustness, a mathematical shape analysis was undertaken to obtain the final results. Numerous experiments were conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness and practicability of the system with images under different weather conditions. The average recognition ratio is higher than 95% from the testing results. The average processing time is 30 ms per frame, making the system suitable in real time conditions. Audio alert is added to the current system as an integral part of a portable system to be developed.
Modifying muscle mass – the endocrine perspective (2006)

This review describes the major hormonal factors that determine the balance between human skeletal muscle anabolism and catabolism in health and disease, with specific reference to age-related muscle loss (sarcopenia). The molecular mechanisms associated with muscle hypertrophy are described, and the central role of the satellite cell highlighted. The biological dynamics of satellite cells, varying between states of quiescence, proliferation and differentiation are strongly influenced by local endocrine factors. The molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy are examined focussing on the causes of sarcopenia and associations with systemic medical disorders. In addition, evidence is provided that the mechanisms of atrophy and hypertrophy are unlikely to be simple opposites. Novel endocrine mechanisms underpinning mechano-transduction include IGF-I subtypes that may differentiate between endocrine and mechanical signals; their interaction with classical endocrine factors is an active area of translational research. Recently acquired knowledge on the mechanism of anabolic effects of androgens is also reviewed. The increasingly recognised role of myostatin, a negative regulator of muscle function, is described, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target. Strategies to counter age-related sarcopenia thus represent an exciting field of future investigation.
Assembly, activation, and signaling by kinin-forming proteins on human vascular smooth muscle cells (2005)

Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of death in the United States. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) are an important constituent of the vessel wall that can bring about pathological changes leading to vascular disease. Depending on the environment, the function of VSMC can deviate profoundly from its normal contractile role. Despite advances in research, the underlying mechanisms that activate VSMC toward vascular disease are poorly understood. For the first time, we have observed that factor XII and high-molecular-weight kininogen, constituents of the blood plasma, can bind to VSMC in a Zn2+-dependent manner. In the presence of prekallikrein, this assembly of factor XII and high-molecular-weight kininogen on VSMC leads to the activation of prekallikrein to kallikrein with a rapid formation of bradykinin. The amount of bradykinin in the culture medium then decreases, presumably because of the presence of a kininase activity. p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase is rapidly phosphorylated in response to in situ-generated or in vitro-added bradykinin and is inhibited by bradykinin antagonist HOE-140. Binding of factor XII to VSMC also results in a concentration-dependent phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase. This early mitogenic signal, which is also implicated in atherogenesis, may change the metabolic and proliferative activity of VSMC, which are key steps in the progression of atherosclerosis.
A Simple Multichannel Fluidic System for Laminar Flow over Planar Substrates (2006)

We describe the design, assembly, and operation of a multichannel fluidic system for performing laminar flow biochemical assays on planar substrates under optical inspection using standard laboratory microscopes. The basic design uses a reusable elastomer gasket, which forms the fluidic channel, sandwiched between the substrate and a sapphire plate having integrated microfluidic connections. Designs for use with both upright and inverted microscopes are described.
Comparison of the effect of Er, Cr-YSGG laser and ultrasonic retrograde root-end cavity preparation on the integrity of root apices (2010)

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Waterlase laser and ultrasonic root end cavity preparation on the integrity of root end in extracted human teeth. The canals of 60 extracted maxillary central incisors were cleaned, shaped, obturated and 3 mm of the root end was resected and examined for the presence of any cracks. Class I root-end cavities were then prepared using an ultrasonic unit or Waterlase laser. In the ultrasonic group, KIS 2D tip and medium intensity and in the laser group, 600 mum laser tips and an output power setting of 4 W with 55% water and 65% air were used to prepare the cavity which was studied for the presence of any cracks or chippings. One crack was found in the ultrasonic group, while no cracks were observed in the laser group. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05). As for the chipping effect, seven cases (23%) had chipping after cavity preparation in the ultrasonic group but no chipping was found in the specimens of the laser group and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). According to the results of this in vitro study, laser preserves the integrity of root-end cavities better than ultrasonic devices from the standpoint of producing chipping.
Low-complexity decoding for non-binary LDPC codes in high order fields (2010)

In this paper, we propose a new implementation of the Extended Min-Sum (EMS) decoder for non-binary LDPC codes. A particularity of the new algorithm is that it takes into accounts the memory problem of the non-binary LDPC decoders, together with a significant complexity reduction per decoding iteration. The key feature of our decoder is to truncate the vector messages of the decoder to a limited number n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> of values in order to reduce the memory requirements. Using the truncated messages, we propose an efficient implementation of the EMS decoder which reduces the order of complexity to ¿(n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sub> ). This complexity starts to be reasonable enough to compete with binary decoders. The performance of the low complexity algorithm with proper compensation is quite good with respect to the important complexity reduction, which is shown both with a simulated density evolution approach and actual simulations.
Sensitive method for measuring small rotations of a distant object (1961)

The application of a polarimetric system to measurements of the relative orientation of two units separated by a large distance is described. A sensitivity of 0.1 minute of arc is easily obtainable, with a separation of 2000 ft.
Distance-driven User Interface for Collaborative Exhibit Viewing in Augmented Reality Museum (2019)

The rapid advancement of augmented reality technology brings museum visitors enhanced interaction and immersion experience. However, most existing augmented reality museums adopt individual-based user interfaces that hinder joint interaction across multiple users. We present the distance-driven user interface (DUI) to enable collaborative exhibit viewing in augmented reality museum. We classify the users in four groups according to the user-exhibit distance and assign each group specific interaction privileges - put simply, the DUI elicits the users standing far from an exhibit to explore more of the desired exhibit by approaching closer to the exhibit. We describe the DUI architecture and preliminarily evaluate users' acceptance and effectiveness of the DUI and find that, the DUI is interpretable, improves users' awareness of collaboration, and increases user interests to the exhibit with considerably improved willingness of approaching the exhibit.
Urinary concentrating ability in patients with Jk(a-b-) blood type who lack carrier-mediated urea transport. (1992)

Water homeostasis is regulated in large part by the proper operation of the urinary concentrating mechanism. In the renal inner medulla, urea recycling from the inner medullary collecting duct to the inner medullary interstitium is thought to be essential for the production of a concentrated urine; however, it has not been possible to test this hypothesis in humans. Recently, a unique combination of genetic abnormalities has been described: absence of Kidd blood group antigens and absence of carrier-mediated urea transport in erythrocytes. Because animal studies indicate a similarity between urea transport in red blood cells and the nephron, it was postulated that patients without the Kidd antigen might lack facilitated urea transport in their kidneys. Hence, their ability to concentrate urine maximally was measured. Current models of nephron function would predict that in the complete absence of urea transport, the maximal concentrating ability would be around 800 to 900 mosM/kg H2O. Two homozygous patients had a moderate decrease in maximal concentrating ability (UosM,max = 819 mosM/kg H2O); a heterozygote also had some limitation. These studies raise the possibility that the erythrocyte urea transporter and the kidney urea transporter are encoded by a single gene (detected by the mutational loss of the Kidd antigen) and that a lack of facilitated urea transport impairs urea recycling in the kidney and, hence, maximal urinary concentrating ability.
Microfluidic synthesis of methyl jasmonate-loaded PLGA nanocarriers as a new strategy to improve natural defenses in Vitis vinifera (2019)

The objective of the present work was to synthesize biopolymeric nanoparticles (NPs) entrapping the resistance-inductor methyl jasmonate (MeJA) to be employed as a novel and alternative strategy in integrated pest management. NPs were prepared by using a continuous flow microfluidic reactor that allows to precisely control some features that are crucial for applications such as size, polydispersion, morphology and reproducibility. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), a biopolymer largely studied for its use in biological applications, was chosen for the production of NPs entrapping MeJA, a biotic endogenous elicitor able to trigger plant's defense responses. The effect of different fluid-dynamic conditions, PLGA molecular weight and concentration on NP properties (dimensions, polydispersion, morphology, stability) was evaluated. DLS and SEM were employed to characterize the obtained NPs. MeJA-loaded PLGA NPs ranging from 40 to 70 nm were administered to Vitis vinifera cell cultures, in order to evaluate the biological response in terms of stilbene biosynthesis. HPLC investigations showed a faster response when the elicitor was administered by PLGA NPs in comparison with free MeJA. This result demonstrates that the encapsulation in PLGA NPs significantly promotes MeJA cell uptake and the activation of MeJA-induced responses.
Cyclization of 2-(G-Bromoacetoacetamido)pyridine Derivatives: Formation of N-Aryl-G-lactam Derivatives (1980)

l-(2-Pyridyl)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone ( l ) was obtained from 2-(y-bromoacetoacetamido)pyridine ( ) through the reduction of the R-carbonyl group with NaBH4, protection of the hydroxyl group by tetrahydropyranyl group, cyclization of the ether to a y-lactam by using DHU, and subsequent hydrolysis of the ether.According to the similar synthetic process, l-phenyl-4-hydroxy-2pyrrolidone (&I and 1-(p-methoxypheny1)-4-hydroxy-2-pyrrolidone - 6.82 and 7.39 (4H, AB-q, J = 6 Hz, aromatic H) .MS W e ) : 207 ( M ' ) .18) IR U(KBr) cm-l: 3200 (NH), 1740 (acetyl C=O), 1690 (amido C=O).' H NMR 6 (CDC13) ppm: 2.08 (3H.s , acetyl CHJ), 2.81 (2H.d, J = 6 Hz, CO-CHZ), 3.62 (2H, m , changed to AB-quartet centred at 3.55 and 3.70 p p m on irradiation at 5.41 ppm, CH2Br), 5.41 (lH, m, CH-OAc), 6.95 -8.5 (4H, m , pyridyl HI, 9.50 (1H.b, disappeared by addition of D 0 , NH) .MS (m/e) : 302, 300 ( M ' ) .2
OPC verification considering CMP induced topography (2015)

OPC Verification is important to identify the critical wafer hotspots prior to mask fabrication. It helps to identify process limiting structures and possible yield limiters. These hotspots are also used by litho engineers to set up process conditions upfront. OPC Verification generally involves verification done at nominal and process window conditions. The process window conditions take into consideration typical process variations for lithography. In this standard flow, the post CMP topography variation was also lumped into these process variations via focus. But in current technologies especially in higher metal layers, CMP induced topography variation has become a major contributor to limit the overall process window. This results in different best focus for structures with different topography. This gives rises to requirement of OPC Verification flow taking into account these location-specific variations in order to know if the mask data can be used or not. This paper proposes a method to incorporate the topography induced focus shift into the OPC Verification flow. OPC Verification checks are performed at the new nominal and Process window conditions to identify the real hotspots seen on wafer. Results are shown where the highlighted hotspots with the proposed new flow correlate better with wafer results. Runtime was also taken into consideration when the flow was developed. Experiments on various products show better accuracy with minimal runtime impact.
Prevention of Hereditary Angioedema Attacks with a Subcutaneous C1 Inhibitor (2017)

In patients with hereditary angioedema, the prophylactic use of a subcutaneous C1 inhibitor twice weekly significantly reduced the frequency of acute attacks. (Funded by CSL Behring; COMPACT EudraCT number, 2013-000916-10 , and ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT01912456 .).
Floating-point reconfiguration array processor for 3D graphics physics engine (2008)

We implemented an RTL model of the proposed RA and perform simulation in RealView coverification environment by executing examples using physics engine. We discovered if the physics engine part is accelerated by RA, the workloads run over 20 times faster than the pure software without FPU and over 4 times faster than the pure software with FPU. If codes are well partitioned and optimized for the proposed RA, which now remains for future study, even more improvement can be expected.
Chemical composition and antioxidant properties of the essential oil of Cinnamomum altissimum Kosterm. (Lauraceae) (2014)

The essential oil of the bark of Cinnamomum altissimum Kosterm. obtained by hydrodistillation was analyzed by capillary GC and GC–MS. The oil was characterized by linalool (36.0%), methyl eugenol (12.8%), limonene (8.3%), α-terpineol (7.8%) and terpinen-4-ol (6.4%). The content of total phenolics in the extracts was determined spectrometrically according to the Folin–Ciocalteu procedure and calculated as gallic acid equivalents (GAE). A total phenolic compound was 50.41 ± 0.98 μg GAE/mg oil. The extract displayed antioxidant activities, with an IC50 value of 38.5 ± 4.72 μg/ml, using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, and 345.2 ± 14.8 μM Fe (II)/g dry mass using ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) assay.
Iron-induced enhancement of 67Ga uptake in a model human leukocyte culture system. (1975)

The addition of iron, either as Fe dextran or FeCl3, to leukocyte tissue culture medium (containing 20% fetal calf serum) significantly increased the cellular accumulation of subsequently added 67Ga-citrate. This effect of iron was dose-related and decreased, after the initial increase, with increasing concentrations of elemental iron. There was a significant negative correlation (P less than 0.025) between the concentrations of gallium and iron in the medium indicating competition between the two elements for the same serum binding sites. Although it is not yet justified to begin clinical trials, these experiments suggest the possibility that prior administration of iron may increase the usefulness of 67Ga scanning for the diagnosis of neoplasms or abscesses. Further testing of this hypothesis in animals with such lesions would seem indicated.