gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mucins and inflammatory bowel disease (2000)

There is a layer of mucus lining the gastrointestinal tract, which acts as both a lubricant and as a physical barrier between luminal contents and the mucosal surface. The mucins that make up this layer consist of a protein backbone with oligosaccharides attached to specific areas of the protein core. These areas are called the variable number tandem repeat regions. The degree of glycosylation of the mucins is central to their role in the mucus barrier. The oligosaccharides are variable and complex. It has been demonstrated that the degree of sulphation and sialylation and the length of the oligosaccharide chains all vary in inflammatory bowel disease. These changes can alter the function of the mucins. Mucins are broadly divided into two groups, those that are secreted and those that are membrane bound. The major mucins present in the colorectum are MUC1, MUC2, MUC3, and MUC4. Trefoils are a group of small peptides that have an important role in the mucus layer. Three trefoils have been demonstrated so far. They seem to play a part in mucosal protection and in mucosal repair. They may help to stabilise the mucus layer by cross linking with mucins to aid formation of stable gels. Trefoils can be expressed in the ulcer associated cell lineage, a glandular structure that can occur in the inflamed mucosa. There seem to be differences in the expression of trefoils in the colon and the small bowel, which may imply different method of mucosal repair.
Dose-Dependent Circulating Immunoglobulin A Antibody-Secreting Cell and Serum Antibody Responses in Swedish Volunteers to an Oral Inactivated Enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> Vaccine (2001)

The immunogenicity of different preparations of an oral inactivated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) vaccine was evaluated in Swedish volunteers previously unexposed to ETEC infection. The vaccine preparations consisted of recombinant cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and various amounts of formalin-killed whole bacteria expressing the most prevalent colonization factor antigens (CFAs). Significant immunoglobulin A (IgA) antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses against CTB and the various CFA components were seen in a majority of volunteers after two doses of ETEC vaccine independent of the vaccine lot given. The IgA ASC responses against CTB were significantly higher after the second than after the first immunization, whereas the CFA-specific IgA ASC responses were almost comparable after the first and second doses of ETEC vaccine. Two immunizations with one-third of a full dose of CFA-ETEC bacteria induced lower frequencies of IgA ASC responses against all the different CFAs than two full vaccine doses, i.e., 63 versus 80% for CFA/I, 56 versus 70% for CS1, 31 versus 65% for CS2, and 56 versus 75% for CS4. The proportion of vaccinees responding with rises in the titer of serum IgA antibody against the various CFA antigens was also lower after immunization with the reduced dose of CFA-ETEC bacteria. These findings suggest that measurements of circulating IgA ASCs can be used not only for qualitative but also for quantitative assessments of the immunogenicity of individual fimbrial antigens in various preparations of ETEC vaccine.
Sensor technology integration in an intelligent machine for herring roe grading (1996)

The development and integration of sensor technology for herring roe grading is described. In this application, by and large, grading is presently done by hand. Shape, firmness/texture, color and weight all play key roles in determining the grade of a roe skein. Furthermore, number of these variables are quite subjective both in the way they are determined by human graders, and in the way they affect the overall grade of a skein. Thus, in the present system an "intelligent" decision-making system, with multiple levels of abstraction, is used to determine the final grade of the product. The system uses a model base and also a knowledge base developed through interactive acquisition of knowledge from grading experts and off-line experiments. These are implemented as a set of fuzzy-logic rules and model matching procedures. A prototype grading machine has been developed and tested at an industrial plant. Typical experimental results are presented and studied.
Comparison of GaInP/GaAs heterostructure-emitter bipolar transistors and heterojunction bipolar transistors (1995)

Carbon-doped GaInP/GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBT's) and heterostructure-emitter bipolar transistors (HEBT's) grown by MOCVD were fabricated. Experimental comparison of HBT's and HEBT's has been made based on the dc and the RF performance. HBT's have higher current gains than those of HEBT's in the high current regime, while HEBT's offer a smaller offset voltage and better uniformity in dc characteristics across the wafer. The current gain and cutoff frequency of the DEBT with a 150 /spl Aring/ emitter set-back layer are comparable to those of HBT's. DC (differential) current gains of 600 (900) and 560 (900) were obtained at a collector current density of 2.5/spl times/10/sup 4/ A/cm/sup 2/ for the HBT and HEBT, respectively. The cutoff frequencies are 37 and 31 GHz for the HBT and HEBT, respectively. It is shown that there is negligible contribution of the diffusion capacitance to the emitter capacitance in HEBT's with a thin emitter set-back layer but not with a thick emitter set-back layer. The behavior of HEBT's both in dc and RF characteristics is similar to that of HBT's.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Clinical candidates of small molecule p38 MAPK inhibitors for inflammatory diseases (2016)

The trigger and etiology of chronic inflammatory diseases are not well understood, hindering the development of efficient therapeutic approaches. The observation that abnormal activity of the p38 MAPK is common to all inflammatory diseases raised the expectation that p38 inhibitors would serve as general anti-inflammatory therapeutics. A large number of inhibitors were consequently discovered. Several compounds of different scaffolds, blocking the p38 MAPK signaling pathway, have entered phase II clinical trials for rheumatoid arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pain, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. As I review here, in almost all cases the clinical trials have failed, leading to re-design of compounds and re-evaluation of p38 as a suitable target. I describe how structural features, unique to p38<span>α</span>, have been employed in the inhibitor design and achieved high degree of kinome selectivity. I then focus on some of the drugs that reached human trials and summarize their <em>in vitro/in vivo</em> pharmacological profiles and the related outcomes from clinical investigations. These compounds include VX-745, VX-702, RO-4402257, SCIO- 469, BIRB-796, SD-0006, PH-797804, AMG-548, LY2228820, SB-681323 and GW-856553. Finally, I discuss novel suggested approaches for the use of p38 inhibitors such as combining p38 inhibition with inhibiting other targets that function in parallel inflammatory pathways for achieving efficacy in treating inflammatory diseases.
Comparison of near source two-phase flow cooling of power electronics in thermosiphon and forced convection modes (2017)

In this paper, we present results of utilization of our patented technology, the force-fed cooling heat sink, to substantially improve the cooling performance of power electronics. In this microchannel heat sink, the heat sink is directly integrated with the substrate, thus reducing the total thermal resistance. The heat sink is tested in two different configurations, the first of which is a passive loop. The cooling process is possible due to the thermosiphon principle, in which thermal or liquid-vapor fluid density difference generate the fluid flow. In order to get the best performance, the effect of varying different parameters was examined, such as the filling ratio, the length of the pipes of the thermosiphon and the introduction of a reservoir to avoid the presence of noncondensable gas that can adversely affect the performance. With the thermosiphon loop, operation for heat fluxes around 230-240 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with moderate fluctuation in temperature was demonstrated. In the second test configuration, we introduced a pump in the loop to activate forced convection mode and avoid gravity dependence, and eventually ensuring less flow fluctuations while improving the heat removal performance. The result was a cooling capacity up to 500 W/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , with a thermal resistance of 0.125 (K cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> )/W. The detailed characterization leading to these significant results and the comparison of the performance between the two modes is discussed throughout this paper.
Analysis of molecular assemblies by flow cytometry: determinants of G i1 and by binding (1998)

We report here a novel application of flow cytometry for the quantitative analysis of the high affinity interaction between membrane proteins both in detergent solutions and when reconstituted into lipid vesicles. The approach is further advanced to permit the analysis of binding to expressed protein complexes in native cell membranes. The G protein heterotrimer signal transduction function links the extracellularly activated transmembrane receptors and intracellular effectors. Upon activation, (alpha) and (beta) (gamma) subunits of G protein undergo a dissociation/association cycle on the cell membrane interface. The binding parameters of solubilized G protein (alpha) and (beta) (gamma) subunits have been defined but little is known quantitatively about their interactions in the membrane. Using a novel flow cytometry approach, the binding of low nanomolar concentrations of fluorescein-labeled G(alpha) <SUB>i1</SUB> (F- (alpha) ) to (beta) (gamma) both in detergent solution and in a lipid environment was quantitatively compared. Unlabeled (beta) $gama reconstituted in biotinylated phospholipid vesicles bound F-(alpha) tightly (K<SUB>d</SUB> 6 - 12 nM) while the affinity for biotinylated-(beta) (gamma) in Lubrol was even higher (K<SUB>d</SUB> of 2.9 nM). The application of this approach to proteins expressed in native cell membranes will advance our understanding of G protein function in context of receptor and effector interaction. More generally, this approach can be applied to study the interaction of any fluorescently labeled protein with a membrane protein which can be expressed in Sf9 plasma membranes.
Cell-attachment activities of surface immobilized oligopeptides RGD, RGDS, RGDV, RGDT, and YIGSR toward five cell lines (1993)

Tetrapeptides, Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS), Arg-Gly-Asp-Val (RGDV), and Arg-Gly-Asp-Thr (RGDT), respectively, appearing in the cell-attachment domains of fibronectin, vitronectin, and collagen, and pentapeptide Tyr-Ile-Gly-Ser-Arg (YIGSR) appearing in B1 chain of laminin, were synthesized by liquid-phase procedure. Bioactivities of RGD, RGDX (X = S, V and T), YIGSR, and YIGSR-NH2 as cell recognition determinants were investigated by cell-attachment test using these oligopeptides immobilized to ethylene-acrylic acid copolymer (PEA) film. The cell lines used were A431, NRK, CHO-K1, HeLa.S3, and RLC-16 cells. It was found that the residue X in RGDX plays an important role for cell-attachment activity of RGDX, and, regarding YIGSR, introduction of NH2 residue at the C-terminal of the pentapeptide enhances the cell-attachment activity.
부분간절제술을 시행한 흰쥐간에서 H2 - Receptor Antagonist 가 간재생에 미치는 효과 (1989)

The effect of H2-receptor antagonist on remaining liver after partial hepatectomy in twenty four male Wistar strain rats were examined. The rats were divided into four groups. Group I, control, consisted 6 rats that were subjected to two thirds hepatectomy; Group II consisted of six rats that received an intramuscular injection of cimetidine (13 mg/kg, TID), starting immediately after the surgery for twenty four hours; Group III and Group IV consisted of six rats, respectively and each group received ranitidine (4 mg/kg, BID) and motidine (0.5 mg/kg, BID) as the same way of Group II. The regenerative rate in each experiment was cbtained by dividing the moist weight of the remaining liver by the estimat d preoperative weight of the whole liver and multiplying by 100. The amount of the incorporation of 3H-thymidine into DNA of the liver (D.P.M.) was divided by the optic density (O.D.) and the values of D.P.M./O.D. were compared with each group. The regenerative rate of each group was; Group I (74+10%), Group Ii (73+9.9%), Group II (75+9. 4%), Group IV (71+7.5%). There was no statistical significance in comparison with each group (p> 0.05). The value of D.P.M./O.D. of each group was; Group I (33, 617), Group II (9,506), Group III (12,440), Group IV (19,059). In conclusion, it was considered that the H2-receptor antagonists act as inhibitors on liver regenera tion in the order of cimetidine, ranitidine and famotidine but it was not statistically significant due to the wide range of the values. Inhibition of cimetidine on liver regeneration was statistically significant (p<0.05).
Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cell Therapy for Acute Myocardial Infarction (2014)

To understand the role of bone marrow mononuclear cells in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction, this overview offers a retrospective examination of strengths and limitations of 3 contemporaneous trials with attention to critical design features and provides an analysis of the combined data set and implications for future directions in cell therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
Effect of cavity sub-corona current on polymer insulation life (1991)

Calculations and experiments applying voltage to a test cell simulating a high-resistance conducting path in series with a cavity in polyethylene are discussed. These experiments generated chemical changes on the surface wall of the cavities for both subcorona currents (currents produced by voltage below critical inception voltage) and corona currents in different cavities. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra of the cavity surface chemical species indicate similar moieties (functional groups), implying that subcorona current or discharge causes failures similar to corona insulation failures. The longer time for the subcorona species to develop is consistent with field failure occurrence within a few months to a few years. Electric field conditions favorable to the existence of subcorona currents at relatively low voltage are developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wnt signaling promoter hypermethylation distinguishes lung primary adenocarcinomas from colorectal metastasis to the lung (2006)

Promoter hypermethylation is responsible for gene inactivation during carcinogenesis. It has been proposed that there is some degree of specificity in the set of genes that become altered by this mechanism in distinct tumor types. To understand whether promoter hypermethylation may differentiate the site of origin, 49 lung adenocarcinomas from 31 lung primaries and 18 metastases from colorectal primaries, respectively, were tested for the presence of this alteration in the APC, CDH1, DAPK, GSTP1, MLH1, MGMT, P14, P16, RARbeta2, RASSF1, sFRP1 and WIF-1 genes. A distinct profile was apparent for the 2 groups of lung tumors and the frequencies of promoter hypermethylation at sFRP1 and WIF-1, 2 genes involved in Wnt signaling, and at CDH1 were significantly higher in colorectal metastases than in lung primaries, whereas methylation of the APC promoter was significantly more common in lung primary adenocarcinomas. Some tumors showed concomitant APC, sFRP1 and WIF-1 gene inactivation, indicating that multiple DNA methylation events must have occurred to definitively down-regulate the signaling through Wnt. However, promoter hypermethylation at the APC and CDH1 genes tended to be mutually exclusive (Fisher's exact test, p = 0.006), suggesting a similar role in carcinogenesis. In conclusion, we propose that inactivation by promoter hypermethylation at the APC, CDH1, sFRP1 and WIF-1 genes may contribute to the discrimination of lung primary adenocarcinomas from colorectal metastasis to the lung, and report the simultaneous presence of methylation at the promoters of multiple genes involved in the Wnt signaling. This may have biological consequences for carcinogenesis.
A review of commercially available thrombin generation assays (2017)

Currently there are three commercially available thrombin generation methods. These methods help detect the levels of thrombin generated in patient samples by the use of chromogenic or fluorogenic substrates in plasma or whole blood. Determining the rate of thrombin generation can help indicate if patients are at risk of clotting or bleeding. This review discusses two fluorogenic and one chromogenic method and focuses on similarities and differences of these three methods. The review specifically focuses on the accuracy of commercial substrates used in thrombin generation, and interference that can occur by various plasma proteins, as well as on evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of each method. The commercial chromogenic assay and both fluorogenic assays are able to monitor the rate of thrombin generation and can give indications towards potential coagulation abnormalities. Overall, the main differences between the thrombin generation methods are based on the type of substrate used, sample preparation, and data processing. Despite advancement in this field there are still technical challenges that preclude the widespread use of thrombin generation in clinical applications.
Equipment Supply Chain Financial Collaborative Innovation Service Based on Distributed Ledger Technology (2019)

In the power equipment supply chain collaborative application system, through the organic integration of logistics and financial services, the construction of power equipment supply chain financial collaborative service system, for logistics, information flow and capital flow, power equipment procurement, manufacturing, logistics and construction provides whole process of installation financial services to satisfy the demand for liquidity of enterprises in the power equipment supply chain, improve the liquidity of assets of various enterprises, and reduce the capital occupation of enterprises.
ChemInform Abstract: Discovery of Novel Ansamycins Possessing Potent Inhibitory Activity in a Cell‐Based Oncostatin M Signaling Assay (2000)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
EpCAM Aptamer-siRNA Chimera Targets and Regress Epithelial Cancer (2015)

Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM), a cancer stem cell (CSC) marker is over expressed in epithelial cancers and in retinoblastoma (RB). We fabricated an EpCAM targeting aptamer-siRNA chimera and investigated its anti-tumor property and EpCAM intracellular domain (EpICD) mediated signaling in epithelial cancer. The anti-tumor efficacy of EpCAM aptamer-siEpCAM chimera (EpApt-siEp) was evaluated by qPCR, northern and Western blotting in WERI-Rb1- RB cell line, primary RB tumor cells and in MCF7- breast cancer cell line. Anti-tumor activity of EpApt-siEp was studied in vivo using epithelial cancer (MCF7) mice xenograft model. The mechanism and pathways involved in the anti-tumor activity was further studied using protein arrays and qPCR. EpApt-siEp chimera was processed in vitro by dicer enzyme. Treatment of the WERI-Rb1 and MCF7 cells with EpApt-siEp revealed statistically significant down regulation of EpCAM expression (P<0.005) and concomitant reduction in cellular proliferation. In primary RB cells cultured from RB tumors, EpApt-siEp silenced EpCAM, significantly inhibited (P<0.01) cell proliferation and induced cytotoxicity. Knockdown of EpICD expressed in RB primary tumors led to repression of pluripotency markers, SOX2, OCT4, NANOG, and CD133. In vivo studies showed complete tumor growth regression without any toxicity in animals (P<0.001) and tumor tissues showed significant downregulation (P<0.05) of EpCAM, MRP1, ABCG2, stathmin, survivin and upregulation of ATM (P<0.05) leading to apoptosis by intrinsic pathway with minor alteration in cytokines. Our results revealed that EpApt-siEp potentially eradicated EpCAM positive cancer cells through CSC marker suppression and apoptosis, while sparing normal EpCAM negative adjacent cells.
Photothermal Reshaping of Gold Nanorods Depends on the Passivating Layers of the Nanorod Surfaces (2008)

Photothermal reshaping of gold nanorods was triggered by pulsed-laser irradiation. The efficiency of the reshaping was strongly dependent on the surface conditions of the gold nanorods. When the gold nanorods were dispersed in concentrated hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the gold nanorods were efficiently transformed into a phi-shape. By comparison when poly(styrene sulfonate), poly(vinylpyrrolidone), poly(ethylene glycol), or phosphatidylcholine layers were used, the CTAB layers were found to be a better thermal insulator that helped to enhance the photothermal reshaping of the gold nanorods.
Occurrence of Tertiary Lymphoid Tissue Is Associated with T-Cell Infiltration and Predicts Better Prognosis in Early-Stage Colorectal Cancers (2014)

We provide evidence that TLT is associated with lymphocyte infiltration in colorectal cancer, providing a pathway of recruitment for TILs. TLT cooperates with TILs in a coordinated antitumor immune response, when identifying patients with low-risk early-stage colorectal cancer, thus, representing a novel prognostic biomarker for colorectal cancer.
Model for nucleotide regulation of aspartate transcarbamylase (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleModel for nucleotide regulation of aspartate transcarbamylaseRobert E. London and Paul G. SchmidtCite this: Biochemistry 1972, 11, 16, 3136–3142Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00766a029https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00766a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts