gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hydraulic Fracturing of High-Permeability Formations to Overcome Damage (1994)

ABSTRACT Gravel pack operations in poorly consolidated, high-permeability formations are often plagued by relatively low production results, which are caused by the constraints of radial flow, damage to the formation and damage to the gravel pack caused by the treatment fluid. Hydraulic fractures will alter the radial flow for improved production results and will reduce the effects of formation damage caused by the treatment fluid. Data have been generated with several fluid systems that show the damage to the permeability of three different rock types. Fluid loss test results show the expected fluid loss performance of the different fluids. Calculations from recent work are used to show that viscous fluid invasion is also a mechanism for fluid loss control. Fracture conductivity data are provided for 20/40 mesh sands to show performance with the fluids tested. Additional conductivity data with 40/70 mesh sands illustrates the fact that small size gravel pack sands may not provide adequate conductivity for fractured well production. Reservoir simulations compare well performance based on the data provided here.
Crystal structure, solution properties and hydrolytic activity of an alkoxo-bridged dinuclear copper(ii) complex, as a ribonuclease model (2002)

Crystal structures, solution properties and ribonuclease activity of copper(II) complexes of a binucleating, bis-pyridyl ligand (N,N′-bis(2-pyridylmethyl)-1,3-diaminopropan-2-ol, L) have been investigated. The single-crystal X-ray structure of the mononuclear complex [CuL(ClO4)2] (1) shows distorted octahedral geometry around the metal ion, with the four nitrogens of the ligand in the equatorial plane of copper(II). A μ-alkoxo-bridged dinuclear complex is formed in the presence of a two-fold metal excess. Despite the symmetrical ligand, the two metal ions in [Cu2(LH−1)(DPP)(ClO4)(CH3OH)]ClO4 (2, DPP = diphenyl phosphate) have distinct, distorted octahedral (Cu1) and square pyramidal (Cu2) geometry. Beside the alkoxo-oxygen, the phosphate group of DPP also bridges the two metal centers in 2 in a μ-1,3-bridging mode. The complexes formed in aqueous solution are likely to have analogous structures to 1 and 2. The dinuclear [Cu2(LH−1)(OH)] complex efficiently promotes the hydrolysis/transesterification of both activated (2-hydroxypropyl p-nitrophenyl phosphate, hpnp) and non-activated, biological phosphodiesters (uridine-2′,3′-cyclic-monophosphate, cUMP and uridylyl-(3′,5′)-uridine, UpU). For example, a 2 mM solution of the dinuclear complex provides 5 orders of magnitude acceleration in the hydrolysis of cUMP. The proposed mechanisms include double Lewis-acid activation with intramolecular general base catalysis.
Effect of medium of lowered NaCl concentration on virus release and protein synthesis in cells infected with reticuloendotheliosis virus (1976)

When cultures producing reticuloendotheliosis virus were incubated for 24 h in medium of lowered NaCl concentration, virus production was inhibited. The extent of inhibition increased as the salt concentration of the medium was decreased. The inhibition was rapidly reversed by replacement of low-salt medium with normal medium. During the first hour after the inhibited cultures were returned to normal medium, virus was released at an accelerated rate, making the total amount of virus released by inhibited and control cultures the same. After 1 h in normal medium, the rate of virus production in the previously inhibited cultures was the same as in the control cultures. Incubation of infected cells in low-salt medium resulted in a 60% decrease in the overall rate of protein synthesis. Although returning the cells to normal medium rapidly reversed the inhibition of virus production, it did not rapidly increase the rate of protein synthesis. These results suggest that host cell-directed protein synthesis is preferentially inhibited by the low-ionic-strength medium, whereas that required for virus production continues.
On the Integration of In Silico Drug Design Methods for Drug Repurposing (2017)

Drug repurposing has become an important branch of drug discovery. Several computational approaches that help to uncover new repurposing opportunities and aid the discovery process have been put forward, or adapted from previous applications. A number of successful examples are now available. Overall, future developments will greatly benefit from integration of different methods, approaches and disciplines. Steps forward in this direction are expected to help to clarify, and therefore to rationally predict, new drug-target, target-disease, and ultimately drug-disease associations.
Relationships between colony size, adult non-breeding and environmental conditions for Shags<i>Phalacrocorax aristotelis</i>on the Isle of May, Scotland (1992)

The number of Shags nesting on the Isle of May, Scotland, increased at an average rate of 11% from 1918 to 1987. Two major perturbations in colony growth occurred in 1974–76 and 1985–86, when numbers dropped to 46% and 79% respectively of the pre-crash level. In both cases, the crashes were associated with late breeding, low chick production and poor first-year survival rates. Attendance of breeders at the colony and timing of breeding were linked to Herring abundance around the island in February and (timing only) to the number of days of easterly winds in March. Annual chick production and first-year survival rates were each positively related to local Herring abundance and to the mean size of sandeels collected by Puffins rearing chicks on the island, but not to overall sandeel biomass in the southern North Sea. Simulation modelling showed that in both crash periods, a proportion of Shags that had bred in a previous year did not breed; the exact proportion depended on the amount of recruitment, and ranged from 10% to 60% in the years when it occurred. With up to 25% of Shags not breeding at least once in their lifetime after having recruited to the colony, such non-breeding behaviour constitutes a standard feature of Shag biology, probably as an adaptation to maximizing lifetime reproductive success in an annually fluctuating environment.
Validation of the red blood cell test system as in vitro assay for the rapid screening of irritation potential of surfactants. (1989)

An in vitro red blood cell assay (RBC assay) is presented that allows one to estimate irritation potentials of tensides and detergents. The estimation is based on the differentiation between cell membrane lysis and cell protein denaturation. Both effects are measured photometrically by use of the inherent native dye oxyhemoglobin (HbO2). Besides hemolysis (H50) as a test parameter, the denaturation index DI is introduced, which is defined to be equal to 100% at a concentration of 30 mol sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) per mole HbO2 as internal standard. The HbO2 release (H50), its denaturation (DI), and the ratio of both parameters (L/D ratio) are used to characterize the in vitro effects of surfactants. All data, including the L/D ratio are compared with in vivo data on eye irritancies, evaluated according to OECD Guideline #405 for testing chemicals, and with other published results from in vivo experiments. The good correlation of the L/D ratio of a broad range of 100 marketable shampoos with their corresponding Draize data (r = .806, p less than .0001) allows one to predict eye irritation potentials from another 20 commercially available shampoos in a blind trial with highly significant rank correlations to their in vivo irritancies (rs = .911, p less than .0001). Nearly similar good correlations were obtained by comparing ranks of in vivo and in vitro data of 16 anionic surfactants. All correlations found were significant (rs greater than .80 and p less than .0001). The RBC assay is an inexpensive, rapid, irritancy screening test that provides reliable results with good reproducibility. The test helps to reduce or even avoid animal testing in this application.
Declaring independence via the sketching of sketches (2008)

We consider the problem of identifying correlations in data streams. Surprisingly, our work seems to be the first to consider this natural problem. In the centralized model, we consider a stream of pairs (i, j)â[n] 2 whose frequencies define a joint distribution (X, Y). In the distributed model, each coordinate of the pair may appear separately in the stream. We present a range of algorithms for approximating to what extent X and Y are independent, i.e., how close the joint distribution is to the product of the marginals. We consider various measures of closeness including â1, â2, and the mutual information between X and Y. Our algorithms are based on âsketching sketchesâ, i.e., composing smallspace linear synopses of the distributions. Perhaps ironically, the biggest technical challenges that arise relate to ensuring that different components of our estimates are sufficiently independent.
Photoluminescence imaging of phosphor particles using near‐field optical microscope with UV light excitation (1999)

We have developed fibre probes suitable for 325 nm UV light excitation and a photoluminescence near-field scanning optical microscope (NSOM) and demonstrated the photoluminescence imaging of phosphor BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ (BAM) particles. The probe was fabricated by a two-step-etching method that we developed. The probe had a large taper angle at the top of the probe and a small taper angle at the root. The NSOM image was different from the topographical structure but roughly reflected the corresponding features of the particles. The inhomogeneity of the photoluminescence intensity between BAM particles was observed in the NSOM image. The photoluminescence intensity with various bandpass filters showed differences between the individual particles, which means that they have different spectra.
The hydrodynamic stability of rapidly evaporating liquids at reduced pressure (1976)

The hydrodynamic stability of a pure liquid undergoing steady rapid evaporation at reduced pressure is examined using linear stability analysis. Results show that the rapidly evaporating liquid is unstable to local variations in evaporation rate, local surface depressions being produced by the force exerted on the surface by the rapidly departing vapour and sustained liquid flows being driven by the resultant shear exerted on the liquid surface by the vapour. The coupling of this ‘differential vapour recoil’ mechanism to the Marangoni effect is investigated and the importance of inertial heat transfer, fluid inertia and viscous dissipation at the interface to system stability is resolved.
Congenital Malaria due to Chloroquine-Resistant Plasmodium Vivax: A Case Report (2010)

The clinical manifestation of malaria in neonates and young infants is non-specific and differs from that of adults and older children. So a high index of suspicion is needed to diagnose malaria in early infancy. Chloroquine is the first-line treatment for Plasmodium vivax malaria in most parts of the world. This case report details a case of chloroquine-resistant malaria due to P. vivax by transplacental transmission from mother with mixed infection of P. falciparum and P. vivax in a 26-day-old young infant who presented with moderate grade fever and reviews the literature of malaria in infantile and neonatal age groups. And we concluded that high suspicion of malaria is needed to diagnose congenital malaria. Primigravida women with placental malaria pose high risk for congenital infection in baby and emerging chloroquine-resistant P. vivax in congenital malaria.
Enhancement of transdermal delivery by superfluous thermodynamic potential. III. Percutaneous absorption of nifedipine in rats. (1987)

The bioavailability of percutaneous nifedipine was studied in rats. To improve the transdermal delivery of nifedipine, concentration changes due to loss of a volatile component in the vehicle were utilized. The percutaneous absorption of nifedipine was enhanced from binary solvent systems of acetone and propylene glycol (PG) or isopropyl myristate (IPM), compared with the results from simple PG or IPM saturated with the drug. In contrast, no appreciable increases in the percutaneous absorption of nifedipine from PG or IPM above controls were observed for pretreatment of the dosing site with acetone. From a ternary vehicle of volatile/nonvolatile-hydrophile/nonvolatile-lipophile solvent system, i.e., acetone-PG-IPM, a very dramatic enhancement in the bioavailability of nifedipine was noted. In addition, a marked increase in the penetration of PG from the ternary solvent system was found, compared with the result from the binary solvent system of acetone and PG. Nifedipine solutions with the volatile component eventually caused precipitation at the dosing site and so reduced the plasma nifedipine concentration. The precipitation was inhibited or retarded when polymer additives were incorporated in the ternary solvent system, and the high plasma nifedipine concentrations were maintained. This effect was not diminished when the formulation was administered immediately after the evaporation of acetone. The area under the plasma nifedipine concentration-time curve from the ternary solvent system with a polymer additive was higher by about 75 times than that from PG saturated with the drug.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Meat and Meat Products: Technology, Chemistry and Microbiology (1995)

Introduction. Liquid Milk and Liquid Milk Products. Concentrated and Dried Milk Products. Dairy Protein Products. Cream and Cream-Based Products. Butter, Margarine and Spreads. Cheese. Fermented Milks. Ice Cream and Related Products. Bibliography. Index.
Reduction of the length and repetition frequency of the ion bunches in a cyclotron (1962)

The results of an experimental and theoretical investigation of the possibility of altering the length of the ion current pulse at the target of a cyclotron are presented. The feasibility of changing the repetition frequency of the ion bunches by applying a high-frequency deflecting potential to an electrode inside the trapping dee during the first half-revolution of the ions is also examined. The calculations and experiments were carried out for a 1½ m cyclotron(1) operating in the 10 MeV deuteron acceleration regime.
A New Method for Fast XRPD Using a Position Sensitive Detector (1978)

The scanning speed of powder diffractometers can be increased by about two orders of magnitude by replacing the normal detection system (receiving slit/scintillation counter) by a linear position sensitive detector (PSD) which collects diffracted x-rays of a larger part of the diffractometer measuring arc simultaneously. The velocity increase is proportional to the section of the arc 29 in which the diffracted x-rays are detected. With respect to the Bragg-Brentano focussing geometry, a range of several degrees (typically 5°) can be tolerated without affecting the resolution remarkably. Diffractograms over extended angular regions of 2θ are received by slewing the PSD continuously along the arc while the diffracted x-rays are accumulated with their accurate 2θ angle address on a digital base. The method has been named the continuous position sensitive detection technique (CPSD). With this technique, diffraction patterns with similar quality (resolution, linearity, peak/background ratio) as conventional, scintillation counter recorded diagrams can be received at slewing rates of several hundred degrees per minute. Additionally, the CPSD technique augments the number of crystallites contributing to the diffraction intensity by the same amount, thus producing much better crystallite statistics for quantitative measurements.
Topical Erythropoietin Treatment Accelerates the Healing of Cutaneous Burn Wounds in Diabetic Pigs Through an Aquaporin-3–Dependent Mechanism (2017)

We have previously reported that the topical application of erythropoietin (EPO) to cutaneous wounds in rats and mice with experimentally induced diabetes accelerates their healing by stimulating angiogenesis, reepithelialization, and collagen deposition, and by suppressing the inflammatory response and apoptosis. Aquaporins (AQPs) are integral membrane proteins whose function is to regulate intracellular fluid hemostasis by enabling the transport of water and glycerol. AQP3 is the AQP that is expressed in the skin where it facilitates cell migration and proliferation and re-epithelialization during wound healing. In this report, we provide the results of an investigation that examined the contribution of AQP3 to the mechanism of EPO action on the healing of burn wounds in the skin of pigs with experimentally induced type 1 diabetes. We found that topical EPO treatment of the burns accelerated their healing through an AQP3-dependent mechanism that activates angiogenesis, triggers collagen and hyaluronic acid synthesis and the formation of the extracellular matrix (ECM), and stimulates reepithelialization by keratinocytes. We also found that incorporating fibronectin, a crucial constituent of the ECM, into the topical EPO-containing gel, can potentiate the accelerating action of EPO on the healing of the burn injury.
PSEUDOLINDELOF SPACES AND HEWITT REALCOMPACTIFICATION OF PRODUCTS (1999)

The concept of pseudoLindelof spaces is introduced. It is shown that the followings are equivalent: (a) for any two disjoint zero-sets in X, at least one of them is Lindelof, (b) vX{\;}-{\;}X{\leq}{\;}1$, and (c) for any space T with , there is an embedding such that f(x) = x for all and that if is a z-embedded pseudoLindelof subspace of .
A residential gateway architecture based on Cloud computing (2010)

The residential gateway plays a significant role in a Smart Home, which connects the home network and the public network. There are various gateway architectures for the Smart Home. With the development of Cloud Computing, it is hoped that Smart Home can merge into the Clouds to provide more services and get more information provided by the Clouds. In this paper, we propose residential gateway architecture based on Cloud Computing. The residential gateway interconnects the household appliances and the Clouds. Our architecture is divided into four layers: physical layer, virtual devices layer, devices management layer and access Clouds layer. It is useful that the normal users can get benefit from the Clouds and it makes the Clouds extend the normal households. The architecture that we propose in this paper is a conceptual model and more work need to be done to implement it.
Text compression using prediction (1986)

In the compression of the text files, the dependencies between the successive characters should be exploited to as great an extent as possible. There are two obvious possibilities: either to detect and encode often occurring character strings, or to encode successors of character blocks. This paper presents two methods based on the latter approach. In the first method we encode only the most probable successors of blocks, whereas in the second we encode them all, using the knowledge of their distribution. The second method uses recursion to store effectively the dependencies between the characters and this results in good compression gains in practical cases.
Isolation of Peptides That Mimic Epitopes on a Malarial Antigen from Random Peptide Libraries Displayed on Phage (1999)

The ring-infected erythrocyte surface antigen (RESA) is a dense-granule protein of Plasmodium falciparum which binds to the cytoskeletal structure of the erythrocyte after parasite invasion. It is currently under trial as a vaccine candidate. In an effort to characterize further the antibody responses to this antigen, we have panned two independent libraries of random peptides expressed on the surface of filamentous phage with a monoclonal antibody (MAb 18/2) against RESA. One library consisted of a potentially constrained 17-mer peptide fused with the gpVIII phage coat protein, and the other displayed an unconstrained 15-mer as a fusion with the minor phage coat protein gpIII. Several rounds of biopanning resulted in enrichment from both libraries clones that interacted specifically with MAb 18/2 in protein-blotting and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay experiments. Nucleotide sequencing of the random oligonucleotide insert revealed a common predominant motif: (S/T)AVDD. Several other clones had related but degenerate motifs. Thus, a monoclonal antibody against a malarial antigen can select common mimotopes from different random peptide libraries. We envisage many uses for this technology in malaria research.
New degradation products in an aqueous solution of hydralazine hydrochloride with cimetidine. (1986)

Hydralazine hydrochloride was found to undergo hitherto unknown degradation with cimetidine in aqueous solution to give 1, 1-di(phthalazin-3-yl)amine, 1, 1-di(phthalazin-3-yl)hydrazine, 1-amino-1, 2, 2-tri-(phthalazin-3-yl)hydrazine, and 1, 1, 2-tri(phthalazin-3-yl)hydrazine.
Recent developments in anti‐inflammatory natural products (2009)

Abstract Many of the inflammatory diseases are becoming common in aging society throughout the world. The clinically used anti‐inflammatory drugs suffer from the disadvantage of side effects and high cost of treatment (in case of biologics). Alternative to these drugs are traditional medicines and natural products, which offer a great hope in the identification of bioactive lead compounds and their development into drugs for treating inflammatory diseases. Since ancient times traditional medicines and phytopharmaceuticals are being used for the treatment of inflammatory and other disorders. The present review article describes anti‐inflammatory natural products derived from plants and marine sources reported during last decade. The compounds described belong to different chemical classes such as alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, polyphenolics, phenylpropanoids, fatty acids and lipids, and various miscellaneous compounds. The attempt is also being made to enumerate the possible leads, e.g. curcumin, resveratrol, baicalein, boswellic acid, betulinic acid, ursolic acid, and oleanolic acid, for further development with the help of structure–activity relationship (SAR) studies and their current status. In addition SAR studies carried out on the anti‐inflammatory activity of flavonoid compounds and clinical studies performed on anti‐inflammatory natural products are also discussed. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Med Res Rev, 29, No. 5, 767–820, 2009
Waveguide couplers with new power splitting ratios made possible by cascading of short multimode interference sections (2007)

We show that it is possible to obtain 2 x 2 waveguide couplers with new power splitting ratios for cross coupling of 7%, 64%, 80% and 93% by cascading two short MMI sections. These couplers have simple geometry and low loss. They offer valuable new possibilities for designing waveguide power taps, high-Q ring resonators, ladder-structure optical filters, and loop-mirror partial reflectors.