gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single-Phase Liquid Friction Factors in Microchannels (2005)

The validity of friction factor theory based upon conventional sized passages for microchannel flows is still an active area of research. Several researchers have reported significant deviation from predicted values, while others have reported general agreement. The discrepancies in literature need to be addressed in order to generate a set of design equations to predict the pressure drop occurring in microchannel flow devices. The available literature on single-phase liquid friction factors in microchannels is reviewed. A database is generated to critically evaluate the experimental data available in the literature. An in-depth comparison of previous experimental data is performed to identify the discrepancies in reported literature. It is concluded that the conventional Stokes and Poiseuille flow theories apply for single-phase liquid flow in microchannel flows. New experimental data is presented and the pressure drop components are carefully analyzed. The developed procedure properly identifies the components of total pressure drop that allow for improved agreement with conventional theory.
Cooperative Proxy Caching for Wireless Base Stations (2007)

This paper proposes a mobile cache model to facilitate the cooperative proxy caching in wireless base stations. This mobile cache model uses a network cache line to record the caching state information about a web document for effective data search and cache space management. Based on the proposed mobile cache model, a P2P cooperative proxy caching scheme is proposed to use a self‐configured and self‐managed virtual proxy graph (VPG), independent of the underlying wireless network structure and adaptive to the network and geographic environment changes, to achieve efficient data search, data cache and date replication. Based on demand, the aggregate effect of data caching, searching and replicating actions by individual proxy servers automatically migrates the cached web documents closer to the interested clients. In addition, a cache line migration (CLM) strategy is proposed to flow and replicate the heads of network cache lines of web documents associated with a moving mobile host to the new base station during the mobile host handoff. These replicated cache line heads provide direct links to the cached web documents accessed by the moving mobile hosts in the previous base station, thus improving the mobile web caching performance. Performance studies have shown that the proposed P2P cooperative proxy caching schemes significantly outperform existing caching schemes.
Heparin‐immobilized biodegradable scaffolds for local and sustained release of angiogenic growth factor (2006)

Heparin-immobilized porous biodegradable scaffolds were fabricated to release basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in a sustained manner. Heparin was covalently conjugated onto the surface of macroporous PLGA scaffolds fabricated by a gas-foaming/salt-leaching method. Sustained release of bFGF was successfully achieved for over 20 days due to high affinity of bFGF onto the immobilized heparin. It appears that bFGF release rate was regulated by the specific interaction between bFGF and heparin. The bFGF fraction released from the scaffolds maintained its bioactivity, as judged from determining the proliferation extent of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. When heparin-immobilized scaffolds loaded with bFGF were implanted subcutaneously in vivo, they effectively induced the formation of blood vessels in the vicinity of the implant site. This study demonstrated that local and sustained delivery of angiogenic growth factor for tissue regeneration could be achieved by surface modification of porous scaffolds with heparin.
Method of forming high voltage CMOS transistors using a modified SADS process (2002)

As geometries continue to shrink, developing an integrated process, which combines high-speed logic with high-voltage capability, becomes more challenging. One technique often used in advanced process technologies to reduce gate and junction resistivity is to use a salicide process (self-aligned silicide). The salicide process, which typically uses titanium, cobalt, or other transition metals to form the salicide layer, is a well-known technique that is often used on low voltage CMOS transistors as they begin to scale below 0.5 μm. However, because high-voltage transistors typically have shallow, lightly doped source/drain junctions, it has been difficult to develop an integrated process which salicides both high-voltage and low-voltage transistors at the same time, while maintaining a balance between low junction leakage and high breakdown voltage. Previous solutions have either avoided saliciding the high-voltage transistors altogether, or have salicided only the poly 2 gates while avoiding the lightly doped source/drain regions. This paper describes a method of saliciding high-voltage transistors using a modified SADS (Silicide As Diffusion Source) process that produces low resistivity gates and junctions, while maintaining high breakdown voltages and low junction leakages.
Vascular dimensions of the cerebral arteries follow the principle of minimum work. (1993)

This study demonstrates that the process of branching of the internal carotid artery system obeys the principle of minimum work, as the diameter exponent approximates 3. The principle of minimum work establishes strict functional relations between volumetric flow, flow velocity, and vessel radius. This model was extended to parametric optimization of branch angles, which has proved irrelevant in terms of functional optimization. Our results corroborate this finding. Shear stress-induced endothelial mediation seems to be the regulating mechanism for the maintenance of this optimum vessel design. The magnitude of wall shear stress is the same at every point in a vascular network obeying the principle of minimum work, because the flow rate influences the shear stress proportionally to the third power of the vessel radius. This observation has implications for understanding the remodeling of the cerebral vascular network in the presence of arteriovenous malformations and for the pathogenesis of saccular aneurysms.
Constructing a Cloud-Centric Service Assurance Platform for Computing as a Service (2011)

As the cloud market is growing fast and more and more enterprises are moving their services to the cloud, assurance of cloud service quality becomes one of the key success factors of cloud business. Due to the dynamic nature of the cloud, it's more complicated to manage and guarantee quality level in the cloud than that in the telecommunication. In order to address these issues, we developed a service assurance oriented platform, Cloud BOSS, which has the capabilities of monitoring and measuring, problem management, and quality management. Every module in this platform cooperates with each other via standard JMX (Java Management Extensions) interfaces. An end-to-end SLA (Service Level Agreement) mechanism was also depicted to show how we manage to meet the service agreements with customers and demonstrate a practical way of mapping KPIs (Key Performance Indicators) to KQIs (Key Quality Indicators).
Forced Convection Heat Transfer of Liquid Hydrogen Through a 200-mm Long Heated Tube (2012)

The heat transfer from the inner side of a vertically- mounted heated tube with a length of 200.0 mm and a diameter of 6.0 mm to a forced flow of liquid hydrogen was measured for wide ranges of flow rate and liquid temperature. The non-boiling heat transfer coefficients agreed well with the Dittus -Boelter equation. The heat fluxes at departure from nucleate boiling (DNB) were higher for higher flow velocities and greater subcooling. The effect of the tube length on the DNB heat flux was clarified through comparison with our previous data. It was confirmed that the experimental data agreed well with the authors’ DNB correlation.
Interstitial Cells: Regulators of Smooth Muscle Function (2014)

Smooth muscles are complex tissues containing a variety of cells in addition to muscle cells. Interstitial cells of mesenchymal origin interact with and form electrical connectivity with smooth muscle cells in many organs, and these cells provide important regulatory functions. For example, in the gastrointestinal tract, interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and PDGFRα(+) cells have been described, in detail, and represent distinct classes of cells with unique ultrastructure, molecular phenotypes, and functions. Smooth muscle cells are electrically coupled to ICC and PDGFRα(+) cells, forming an integrated unit called the SIP syncytium. SIP cells express a variety of receptors and ion channels, and conductance changes in any type of SIP cell affect the excitability and responses of the syncytium. SIP cells are known to provide pacemaker activity, propagation pathways for slow waves, transduction of inputs from motor neurons, and mechanosensitivity. Loss of interstitial cells has been associated with motor disorders of the gut. Interstitial cells are also found in a variety of other smooth muscles; however, in most cases, the physiological and pathophysiological roles for these cells have not been clearly defined. This review describes structural, functional, and molecular features of interstitial cells and discusses their contributions in determining the behaviors of smooth muscle tissues.
A Vaccine against Avian Colibacillosis Based on Ultrasonic Inactivation of Escherichia coli (1991)

Ultrasonic inactivation of Escherichia coli followed by irradiation was found to be the most efficient method for preparation of an effective vaccine against colibacillosis. Challenge experiments revealed that this vaccine provided the best protection compared with other methods of inactivation: heat, formaldehyde, and irradiation. Preparing the ultrasonicated vaccine from O2:K1 strain increased its range and also supported adequate protection against homologous strain O78:K80. The degree of protection conferred by the vaccine was positively correlated with the antibody titer against E. coli as measured on day of challenge. Low antibody titers detected 5 days post-vaccination resulted in only 20% protection. High antibody titers detected at 8 and 15 days post-vaccination correlated with a low number of chicks with lesions. In each challenged group, the live chicks that did not develop lesions had higher antibody titers than chicks with lesions, revealing a correlation between numbers of chicks with lesions and antibody titers as measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Laser absorption spectroscopy with an ATR prism--noninvasive in vivo determination of glucose. (1979)

The use of lasers as light sources in IR spectroscopy allows an improvement in measuring sensitivity by a factor of about 100 as compared with the conventional technique. In addition, the monochromaticity of lasers appreciably improves the resolution. Combining lasers with an ATR plate acting as test prism gets rid of transmission cells without impairing the measuring sensitivity. It also considerably reduces the thermal load on the test sample; in vivo measurements on biological tissue can thus be made simply.
Mast cells and histamine concentration in muscle and liver of dystrophic mice (1964)

The distribution of mast cells in muscle and liver of dystrophic mice was studied; histamine and histidine decarboxylase activity was also measured in the same tissues. Mast cells were significantly more numerous in dystrophic muscles. On the other hand, very few cells could be counted in the liver of either control or dystrophic animals. Histamine concentration was higher in muscle and liver of dystrophic mice; no visible increase in histidine decarboxylase activity could be measured by the methods used. It is concluded that histamine-binding capacity is increased in some tissues of dystrophic mice.
DETERMIN (2010)

The trend towards multicore processors and graphic processing units is increasing the need for software that can take advantage of parallelism. Writing correct parallel programs using threads, however, has proven to be quite challenging due to nondeterminism. The threads of a parallel application may be interleaved nondeterministically during execution, which can lead to nondeterministic results---some interleavings may produce the correct result while others may not. We have previously proposed an assertion framework for specifying that regions of a parallel program behave deterministically despite nondeterministic thread interleaving. The framework allows programmers to write assertions involving pairs of program states arising from different parallel schedules. We propose an algorithm to dynamically infer likely deterministic specifications for parallel programs given a set of inputs and schedules. We have implemented our specification inference algorithm for Java and have applied it to a number of previously examined Java benchmarks. We were able to automatically infer specifications largely equivalent to or stronger than our manual assertions from our previous work. We believe that the inference of deterministic specifications can aid in understanding and documenting the deterministic behavior of parallel programs. Moreover, an unexpected deterministic specification can indicate to a programmer the presence of erroneous or unintended behavior.
The counter-intuitive role of the neutrophil in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (2019)

Aside from treatment of the precipitating causes of ARDS, and scrupulous fluid, infection and ventilation management, there are no pharmacological interventions for ARDS; this represents an urgent and unmet need. Therapies aimed at reducing overall neutrophil numbers risk secondary infection; hence better ways are needed to reverse the processes of neutrophil priming activation, hyper-secretion and delayed apoptosis while enhancing the pro-resolution functions of the neutrophil.
Do bisphosphonates affect bone healing? A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2014)

There was no clinically detectable delay to fracture healing via external callus formation following bisphosphonates treatment. Considering the benefit aspects of bisphosphonates for osteoporosis treatment, we recommend bisphosphonates infusion after fracture fixation surgery and lumbar fusion surgery.
Industrial Hemp Fibers: An Overview (2019)

Industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa) is one of the most available and widely produced bast fibers with high cellulose content. Interest in these fibers is warranted due to environmental protection challenges as well as their inherent properties such as low density, high specific strength, and stiffness. In addition, advanced research and progress have gone into increasing their mechanical performance through surface treatments and in the development of new materials. The most promising application for hemp fibers is as reinforcement in polymeric composites or through hybridization. Nonetheless, more research is needed to improve their properties and expand their range of applications. The biodegradability issue is one problem that must be addressed when considering long life-cycle applications as the reproducibility of these composites’ final properties. This review is a comprehensive literature review on hemp fibers. It includes hemp fibers’ chemical and mechanical properties, surface modifications, hybrid composites, as well as current and future applications.
Parametric macromodels of digital I/O ports (2002)

Addresses the development of macromodels for input and output ports of a digital device. The proposed macromodels consist of parametric representations that can be obtained from port transient waveforms at the device ports via a well established procedure. The models are implementable as SPICE subcircuits and their accuracy and efficiency are verified by applying the approach to the characterization of transistor-level models of commercial devices.
INVOLVEMENT OF THE PROTEIN KINASE PATHWAY IN MELANIN SYNTHESIS BY CHICK RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIAL CELLS (2000)

Protein kinases are involved in a variety of cellular functions and cell proliferation in eyes. We have explored the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in cell proliferation and melanin synthesis by chick retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells in vitro. This was achieved by incubation of confluent RPE cells with known inhibitors of protein kinase, H-7, W-7, H-8, and staurosporine. Chick RPE cells were cultured in the presence or absence of the protein kinase inhibitors for a 10-day period. Effects of the inhibitors on cell proliferation and melanin synthesis, as an indication of cell differentiation, were assessed by counting the number of surviving cells and by measuring the melanin content in the cells, respectively. H-7, W-7, and staurosporine inhibited cell proliferation and increased melanin synthesis in a concentration-dependent manner during culture; however, H-8 did not produce these cellular effects. These findings indicate that PKC and calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase pathways are involved in the proliferation and differentiation of chick RPE cells.
Orientation of skeletal muscle actin in strong magnetic fields (1984)

Measurement of birefringence is used to follow actin filament and paracrystal formation in a strong magnetic field. Both F-actin and paracrystals orientate parallel to the field. This confirms that globular proteins arranged in filamentous assemblies can orientate in magnetic fields. This is consistent with the alpha-helical component of the actin subunits being approximately aligned along the actin filament.
Remediation of Radiation-Induced Cognitive Dysfunction through Oral Administration of the Neuroprotective Compound NSI-189 (2018)

Clinical management of primary and secondary central nervous system (CNS) malignancies frequently includes radiotherapy to forestall tumor growth and recurrence after surgical resection. While cranial radiotherapy remains beneficial, adult and pediatric brain tumor survivors suffer from a wide range of debilitating and progressive cognitive deficits. Although this has been recognized as a significant problem for decades, there remains no clinical recourse for the unintended neurocognitive sequelae associated with these types of cancer treatments. In previous work, multiple mechanisms have been identified that contribute to radiation-induced cognitive dysfunction, including the inhibition of neurogenesis caused by the depletion of radiosensitive populations of stem and progenitor cells in the hippocampus. To explore the potential neuroprotective properties of a pro-neurogenic compound NSI-189, Long-Evans rats were subjected to a clinically relevant fractionated irradiation protocol followed by four weeks of NSI-189 administered daily by oral gavage. Animals were then subjected to five different behavioral tasks followed by an analysis of neurogenesis, hippocampal volume and neuroinflammation. Irradiated cohorts manifested significant behavioral decrements on all four spontaneous exploration tasks. Importantly, NSI-189 treatment resulted in significantly improved performance in four of these tasks: novel place recognition, novel object recognition, object in place and temporal order. In addition, there was a trend of improved performance in the contextual phase of the fear conditioning task. Importantly, enhanced cognition in the NSI-189-treated cohort was found to persist one month after the cessation of drug treatment. These neurocognitive benefits of NSI-189 coincided with a significant increase in neurogenesis and a significant decrease in the numbers of activated microglia compared to the irradiated cohort that was given vehicle alone. The foregoing changes were not accompanied by major changes in hippocampal volume. These data demonstrate that oral administration of a pro-neurogenic compound exhibiting anti-inflammatory indications could impart long-term neurocognitive benefits in the irradiated brain.
Watermarking Cryptographic Capabilities. (2015)

A watermarking scheme for programs embeds some information called a mark into a program while preserving its functionality. No adversary can remove the mark without damaging the functionality of the program. In this work, we study the problem of watermarking various cryptographic programs such as pseudorandom function (PRF) evaluation, decryption, and signing. For example, given a PRF F , we create a marked program C that evaluates F (·). An adversary that gets C cannot come up with any program C∗ in which the mark is removed but which still evaluates the PRF correctly on even a small fraction of the inputs. The work of Barak, Goldreich, Impagliazzo, Rudich, Sahai, Vadhan, and Yang (CRYPTO’01 and Journal of ACM 59(2)) shows that, assuming indistinguishability obfuscation (iO), such watermarking is impossible if the marked program C evaluates the original program with perfect correctness. In this work we show that, assuming iO, such watermarking is possible if the marked program C is allowed to err with even a negligible probability, which would be undetectable to the user. We also significantly extend the impossibility results to our relaxed setting. Our watermarking schemes are public key, meaning that we use a secret marking key to embed marks in programs, and a public detection key that allows anyone to detect marks in programs. Our schemes are secure against chosen program attacks where the adversary is given oracle access to the marking functionality. We emphasize that our security notion of watermark non-removability considers arbitrary adversarial strategies to modify the marked program, in contrast to the prior works (Nishimaki, EUROCRYPT ’13). ∗This work is a merged version of [NW15] and [CHV15] with additional results. This work was sponsored in part by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) and the U.S. Army Research Office under contract number W911NF-15-C-0226. This work was done in part while the first two authors were visiting the Weizmann Institute of Science, and in part while the authors were visiting the Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, supported by the Simons Foundation and by the DIMACS/Simons Collaboration in Cryptography through NSF grant CNS-1523467. †MIT, aloni@mit.edu. Research supported in part by the NSF Graduate Student Fellowship. ‡MIT, holmgren@mit.edu. Research supported in part by NSF Frontier CNS-1413920. §NTT Secure Platform Laboratories, nishimaki.ryo@lab.ntt.co.jp. This work was done in part while the author was visiting Northeastern University. ¶MIT CSAIL, vinodv@csail.mit.edu. Research supported in part by DARPA Safeware grant, NSF grants CNS-1350619 and CNS-1414119, Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellowship, Microsoft Faculty Fellowship, the NEC Corporation, and a Steven and Renee Finn Career Development Chair from MIT. ‖Northeastern University, wichs@ccs.neu.edu. Research supported in part by NSF grants CNS-1347350, CNS-1314722, CNS-1413964.