gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Polyvinyl trifluoroacetate (1956)

Abstract Vinyl trifluoroacetate and its homopolymer have been investigated. In copolymerization, the monomer behaves normally, having a Q similar to that of vinyl acetate and a positive e value resulting from fluorine substitution. Unlike the vinyl acetate system, polyvinyl trifluoroacetate is insoluble in its monomer and polymerization leads to no increase in DP with conversion. It is suspected that substitution of CH 3 by CF 3 has greatly reduced chain transfer and branching. Infrared spectra of vinyl trifluoroacetate and its polymer are presented and solubilities of the latter reported. Polyvinyl trifluoroacetate is very unstable to the hydrolytic loss of the perfluoro acid. The fluoropolymer is much harder than polyvinyl acetate and higher values are obtained for its softening point and apparent second‐order transition temperature. Although no difference can be found by infrared measurements between authentic polyvinyl alcohol and that obtained by hydrolysis of the fluoropolymer, a large difference in their water solubilities exists. Polyvinyl trifluoroacetate is readily oriented by stretching and some polarized infrared absorption data are presented. X‐ray diffraction photographs of stretched specimens indicate moderate order and considerable orientation. These results are surprising when considered in the light of the general concepts regarding polymer structure and crystallinity. Extremely highly ordered and highly birefringent polyvinyl alcohol can be obtained readily from stretched polyvinyl trifluoroacetate by conversion of the latter with gaseous ammonia.
Magnetic Phase Shifter for Superconducting Qubits (2004)

We have designed and investigated a contactless magnetic phase shifter for flux-based superconducting qubits. The phase shifter is realized by placing a perpendicularly magnetized dot at the center of a superconducting loop. The flux generated by this magnetic dot gives rise to an additional shielding current in the loop and induces a phase shift. By modifying the parameters of the dot an arbitrary phase shift can be generated in the loop. This magnetic phase shifter can, therefore, be used as an external current source in superconducting circuits, as well as a suitable tool to study fractional Josephson vortices.
Novel method for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compounds (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNovel method for the oxidation of primary and secondary alcohols to carbonyl compoundsY. Shyamsunder Rao and R. FillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 22, 3304–3305Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1974https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00936a040RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views257Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (322 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Virtual Screening of 4‐Anilinoquinazoline Analogues as EGFR Kinase Inhibitors: Importance of Hydrogen Bonds in the Evaluation of Poses and Scoring Functions. (2005)

Virtual Screening (VS) is a computational technique that allows selection and ranking of possible hits from\na library of compounds. We have carried out VS on 128 selected EGFR kinase inhibitors with GOLD and\nLigandFit. From the experimental crystal structure of the erlotinib−EGFR complex, three key hydrogen\nbonds were identified as responsible for anchoring the ligand in the active site. These are of the N−H···N,\nO<sub>w</sub>−H···N, and C−H···O types. Failure to include the hydrogen-bonded water molecule that forms the\nO<sub>w</sub>−H···N bond leads to incorrect results. Of the three interactions, the C−H···O formed by an activated\nC−H group is the best conserved. On the basis of the efficacy of these hydrogen bonds, the poses were\nclassified into one of three categories: close, shifted, and misoriented. In the VS context, all three interactions\nneed to be modeled correctly so that correct poses and affinities are obtained, and this happens in ligands\nof the close variety. Cross scoring wherein the poses from one software are input into another for scoring\nand consensus scoring wherein the scores from various software packages are weighted are also helpful in\nobtaining better agreements.
Effect of Phenylalanine and p-Chlorophenylalanine Administration on the Development of Rat Brain 2',3'-Cyclic Nucleotide 3'-Phosphohydrolase (1974)

Subcutaneous injections of L-phenylalanine and DL-p-chlorophenylalanine in developing rats resulted in reduced body weight, brain weight, and concentration of 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphohydrolase—a myelin-enriched protein. These reductions were less marked when injections were reduced by half; when pups were allowed to recover after age 13 days, no differences were observed at 40 days of age. Brain hexokinase and cytochrome c oxidase development was not affected by the injection treatments.
Laser plus iron target:broad-band x-ray source (1972)

By bombarding a thick iron target with a high-power laser, a broad-band source of x rays has been produced. The conversion efficiency of 1.06-micron laser light into x rays is at least 10%, probably 15–20% and possibly 30–40%, according to Philip Mallozzi (Battelle Memorial Institute, Columbus), who announced his results at the Esfahan (Iran) Symposium on Fundamental and Applied Laser Physics in September.
Measurement of bone mineral density via light scattering (2004)

In this study we have investigated the potential of optical techniques to monitor changes in bone mineral density (BMD) via changes in scattering coefficient. For each of five bone samples, diffuse reflection and transmission coefficients were measured over the wavelength range 520-960 nm using an integrating sphere and CCD spectrometer. These were converted into optical absorption and scattering coefficients using a Monte Carlo inversion procedure. Measurements were made on samples immersed in formic acid solution for different lengths of time in order to investigate the effect of reduction in BMD on the optical properties. After full demineralization, the optical scattering coefficient fell by a factor 4. From the observed degree of fluctuation of the measurements, we estimate that BMD could be measured with an accuracy of 7% if optical scattering can be measured with an accuracy of 10%. We also report preliminary measurements of bone scattering using optical coherence tomography (OCT). An inter-side variability of 3% is obtained on dry samples with and without overlying periosteum. These results suggest that minimally invasive techniques for measuring optical scattering, such as OCT, may have a role in monitoring regional changes in BMD. This could be an important advance in our understanding of bone remodelling and its relationship to osteoarthritis. Both the integrating sphere and OCT measurements also suggest that light transport in bone is spatially anisotropic. OCT was used to assess probability of obtaining results in vivo.
Observation of near-interface oxide traps with the charge-pumping technique (1992)

In studies of MOS devices with the charge pumping technique, the authors have encountered a low-frequency increase in the charge recombined per cycle, which they attribute to the charging and discharging of traps located within a tunneling distance of the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface, i.e., near-interface oxide traps. MOS devices subjected to ionizing radiation as well as ultrathin tunnel oxide polysilicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) nonvolatile memory devices possess a high density of near-interface oxide traps. When the charge recombined per cycle is examined as a function of frequency, a breakpoint is observed at a particular frequency with an inverse equivalent to a trap-to-trap tunneling time constant.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a High-Level Simulation Approach and Its Application to Multicore Video Decoding (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, we introduce a high-level simulation methodology for the modeling of multicore video processing architectures. This method allows design space explorations of parallel video processing applications (VPAs). It is used to test the performance of running a VPA on arbitrary virtual hardware and software configurations. The method represents an alternative to performing a “complete” decoder implementation on a field-programmable gate array or an application-specific integrated circuit. The use of our method, therefore, yields the advantage of being considerably more time, labor, and cost efficient. As an application, we use our method for designing a parallel H.264 decoder targeting 720 p 25 resolution at bit-rates up to 50 Mb/s. Starting from a single-core decoder implementation, we use our simulator for estimating the performance gain when using a multicore architecture. We then detect the major performance bottlenecks in this multicore system and perform additional decoder splittings accordingly until we reach the targeted requirements. The use of functional splitting (i.e., pipelining) and data-parallel processing is demonstrated. The final H.264 decoder architecture is capable of fulfilling our performance requirements. </para>
Near field assisted magnetic recording (2005)

A surface plasmon and magnetic field applicable synchronously hybridized (SMASH) head that generates magnetic field and surface plasmon at nanosized region is proposed. The capability of the SMASH head for the near-field assisted magnetic recording is demonstrated . The near-field assisted magnetic recording was performed with a spin-stand tester equipped with the SMASH head and the TbFeCo medium. The linear velocity was 0.9 m/s and the write current for the laser-assisted magnetic recording was 100 mA. An irradiating laser power for write process was 8 mW.
Application of Fibre-Optic Interferometry to Detection of Human Vital Signs (2012)

Ageing population and limited healthcare budgets call for new paradigms and more efficient healthcare and medical services. Home and continuous care for the elderly and people with disabilities can facilitate and prolong their independent living. The core solution is unobtrusive observations of human vital functions. Sensors being capable of detecting several vital sign at a time are of particular interest. This paper introduces a new healthcare monitoring technology based on fibre-optic interferometry which detects sub-micron changes of optical fibre length. Mechanical and acoustic activity of human heart causes changes of a few microns. We model the observed interferometric signal by a superimposition of all external fibre stimuli. These can be extracted by unwrapping the phase of the analytic version of intereferometric signal. We then process the unwrapped phase by modified continuous wavelet transform whose multiresolution properties sort out different signal components. Our main finding is that Morlet-wavelet-based transform of fibre-optic interferometric signal can separate ballistocardiographic and phonocardiographic components of detected heart activity. To confirm the locations of extracted components are representative, we compute their delays after referential R waves and compare their inter-beat intervals to referential RR intervals. Delays fall within the expected physiological limits, except for the second heart sound which split into two differently delayed groups. This may be explained by well-known fact that aortic and pulmonary valves that generate the second heart sounds may not close synchronously. The inter-beat intervals are best aligned in the first heart sound with P90 error below 10%.
[Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in married women of reproductive age in the rural area of Shandong province and its risk factors]. (2006)

The prevalence of bacterial vaginosis in married women of reproductive age in Shandong rural area is high, which correlates with the lower education level, limited health knowledge, and unhealthy behavior.
Planar 77 GHz antennas on new thermoplastic polymer substrate (2010)

In this paper, we describe the design and layout of planar patch antenna arrays for automotive radar applications at 77 GHz. Based on the low loss thermoplastic polymer substrate material ER182, single layer arrays with high directivity and efficiency of up to 78% are fabricated. Hybrid series/corporate feed networks are designed and beamforming capabilites in the E-plane as well as in the H-plane are evaluated.
Constant-frequency, clamped-mode resonant converters (1987)

Two novel Clamped-Mode Resonant Converters are proposed which operate at a constant frequency while retaining many desired features of conventional series- and parallel-resonant converters. State-plane analysis techniques are employed to identify all possible operating modes of clamped-mode series-resonant converter and define their mode boundaries. The control-to-output characteristics are derived that specifies the regions for natura; and forced commutation The predicted operating modes are verified using a prototype circuit.
Macro-level software evolution: a case study of a large software compilation (2008)

Software evolution studies have traditionally focused on individual products. In this study we scale up the idea of software evolution by considering software compilations composed of a large quantity of independently developed products, engineered to work together. With the success of libre (free, open source) software, these compilations have become common in the form of ‘software distributions’, which group hundreds or thousands of software applications and libraries into an integrated system. We have performed an exploratory case study on one of them, Debian GNU/Linux, finding some significant results. First, Debian has been doubling in size every 2 years, totalling about 300 million lines of code as of 2007. Second, the mean size of packages has remained stable over time. Third, the number of dependencies between packages has been growing quickly. Finally, while C is still by far the most commonly used programming language for applications, use of the C++, Java, and Python languages have all significantly increased. The study helps not only to understand the evolution of Debian, but also yields insights into the evolution of mature libre software systems in general.
Therapeutic plasma exchange for the treatment of anti‐NMDA receptor encephalitis (2011)

Anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA-R) encephalitis is thought to be one of the common paraneoplastic-associated encephalitides. Between February 2001 and February 2011, nine patients were diagnosed with this disorder at Columbia University Medical Center: eight females (mean age 23 years) and one male (3 years of age). Four female patients had ovarian teratomas, which were removed as part of their treatment. Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) was used as one of the treatment modalities in addition to immunosuppressive therapy, including corticosteroids, intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), and/or rituximab. A total of 56 TPE procedures were performed in these patients on alternate days (range, 5-14 procedures/patient). Approximately 1 plasma volume (PV) was processed for all patients; 5% albumin and 0.9% normal saline were used as replacement fluid. Complications occurred in 20% of TPE procedures; 9% were possibly due to underlying disease. The remaining 11% of complications were hypotensive episodes that rapidly responded to either a fluid bolus or a vasopressor treatment. One patient demonstrated immediate clinical improvement after three TPE treatments, and four patients had significant improvement at time of discharge from the hospital. Long-term follow-up showed that early initiation of TPE appears to be beneficial, and patients who received IVIG after TPE did better than those who received IVIG before TPE. However, the number of patients in this series is too small to provide statistically significant conclusions. Overall, TPE is a relatively safe treatment option in patients with anti-NMDA-R encephalitis. Further studies are needed to elucidate the benefit of TPE in this disease.
Decision-Making and Decision Support in Acute Care (2013)

Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) are information tools intended to optimize medical choice, promising better patient outcomes, faster care, reduced resource expenditure, or some combination of all three. Clinical trials of CDSS have provided only insipid evidence of benefit to date. This chapter reviews the theory of medical decision-decision making, identifying the different decision support needs of novices and experts, and demonstrates that discipline, objective and setting, and affect of the nature of support that is required. A discussion on categorization attempts to provide metrics by which systems can be compared and evaluated, in particular with regard to decision support mechanics and function. Throughout, the common theme is the placement of clinical decision makers at the center of the design or evaluation process.
Out‐diffusion of nitrogen from float‐zone silicon measured by dislocation locking (2007)

Abstract A measurement of nitrogen out‐diffusion from nitrogen‐doped float‐zone silicon made using a dislocation locking technique is presented. Specimens containing a well‐defined array of dislocation half‐loops are subjected to identical anneals at 750 °C, during which nitrogen diffuses both to the surface and to the dislocations. The specimens are then chemically etched so as to remove different thicknesses of material from the surface. The stress required to move the dislocations away from the nitrogen is then measured. The variation in this unlocking stress with thickness of material removed allows some measure of nitrogen diffusivity to be deduced. The result obtained is consistent with an extrapolation of SIMS out‐diffusion measurements previously performed at higher temperatures, but indicates a different activation energy for out‐diffusion to that associated with dislocation locking by nitrogen. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Frizzled at the Cutting Edge of the Synapse (2005)

DFrizzled2 is a Drosophila member of the Frizzled family of Wnt receptors. In his Perspective, [Arias][1] discusses the findings by [ Mathew et al .][2] of Wingless association with DFrizzled2 in the fly neuromuscular junction. The interaction results in a surprising cleavage of the receptor's intracellular domain, an event that is required for the maturation of synaptic structures. This cleavage represents a novel modality of Wnt signaling, a pervasive pathway in animal development.

 [1]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5752/1284
 [2]: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/310/5752/1344
Prediction of absolute thresholds and equal-loudness contours using a modified loudness model (2006)

The loudness model described by Moore et al. [J. Audio Eng. Soc. 45, 224-240 (1997)] forms the basis for a recent ANSI standard for the calculation of the loudness of steady sounds. However, the model does not give accurate predictions of the absolute thresholds published in a recent ISO standard. Here it is described how the assumed middle-ear transfer function in the model can be modified to give more accurate absolute threshold predictions. The modified model also gives reasonably accurate predictions of the equal-loudness contours published in a recent ISO standard.
Erianin induces apoptosis in human leukemia HL-60 cells. (2001)

Erianin showed potent inhibitory activity on the proliferation of HL-60 cells. The inhibition might be relative to the apoptosis induced by erianin and the altered expression of bcl-2 and bax genes in HL-60 cells.
MicroRNA expression profiling of carcinoma in situ cells of the testis (2012)

Testicular germ cell tumours, seminoma (SE) and non-seminoma (NS), of young adult men develop from a precursor cell, carcinoma in situ (CIS), which resembles foetal gonocytes and retains embryonic pluripotency. We used microarrays to analyse microRNA (miRNA) expression in 12 human testis samples with CIS cells and compared it with miRNA expression profiles of normal adult testis, testis with Sertoli-cell-only that lacks germ cells, testis tumours (SE and embryonal carcinoma (EC), an undifferentiated component of NS) and foetal male and female gonads. Principal components analysis revealed distinct miRNA expression profiles characteristic for each of the different tissue types. We identified several miRNAs that were unique to testis with CIS cells, foetal gonads and testis tumours. These included miRNAs from the hsa-miR-371-373 and -302-367 clusters that have previously been reported in germ cell tumours and three miRNAs (hsa-miR-96, -141 and -200c) that were also expressed in human epididymis. We found several miRNAs that were upregulated in testis tumours: hsa-miR-9, -105 and -182-183-96 clusters were highly expressed in SE, while the hsa-miR-515-526 cluster was high in EC. We conclude that the miRNA expression profile changes during testis development and that the miRNA profile of adult testis with CIS cells shares characteristic similarities with the expression in foetal gonocytes.
Possible linkage between alcoholism and esterase-D. (1988)

Association and linkage relationships between alcoholism and 30 polymorphic marker loci were studied in a total of 42 families: 27 families originally collected as part of a study on depression spectrum disease, 14 previously reported families with depression spectrum disease, and 1 family with familial alcoholism. Since heterogeneity within a sample can confound genetic linkage analysis, obscuring linkage relationships, alcoholism was studied in these families as a disorder unrelated to depression or antisocial personality. No allelic associations were found to be significant after allowing for the multiple tests. In a sib-pair linkage analysis, significant differences between the mean proportion of genes identical by descent in concordant and discordant sib pairs were found for the esterase-D (ESD) marker locus (p less than or equal to .01). This suggested that a linkage may exist between a gene for alcoholism and the ESD locus on chromosome 13q. Lod score linkage analysis yielded odds in favor of linkage to ESD of 44 to 1, most of the information relevant to linkage residing in a single family in which three offspring were classified as alcoholic and five were not.