gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Meta-Learning Approach to Conditional Random Fields Using Error-Correcting Output Codes (2010)

We present a meta-learning framework for the design of potential functions for Conditional Random Fields. The design of both node potential and edge potential is formulated as a classification problem where margin classifiers are used. The set of state transitions for the edge potential is treated as a set of different classes, thus defining a multi-class learning problem. The Error-Correcting Output Codes (ECOC) technique is used to deal with the multi-class problem. Furthermore, the point defined by the combination of margin classifiers in the ECOC space is interpreted in a probabilistic manner, and the obtained distance values are then converted into potential values. The proposed model exhibits very promising results when applied to two real detection problems.
LOCATIONAL REFERENCING AND HIGHWAY SEGMENTATION IN A GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM (1990)

It is described how GIS (geographic information system) concepts and technology can form the framework for an integrated highway information system. Locational referencing affects a highway segmentation scheme through the way locational data and attribute data are linked. The locational data describe highway geometry while the attribute data describe characteristics of a highway or highway-related events. Locational referencing and highway segmentation in combination determine data retrieval for analysis and graphic display of highway information. It is described how locational referencing and highway segmentation are fundamental design issues in a GIS-T (GIS for transportation). Areas for further research are noted.
Simultaneous determination of ten herbicides residues in tobacco samples by gel permeation chromatography-gas chromatography (2013)

In this study, gas chromatography coupled with gel permeation chromatography for analysis of the residues of 10 herbicides (atrazine, clomazone, acetochlor, metolachlor, butralin, pendimethalin, butachlor, flumetralin, oxyfluorfen, quizalofop-p-ehtyl) in tobacco samples was developed. The herbicide residues were extracted from the tobacco with 1%acetic acid in acetonitrile. The extracts were purified by gel permeation chromatography, and analyzed by gas chromatographywith quantification by the external standard method. The elution time for herbicide was 15ÂÂ 30min inGel Permeation Chromatography. The relativeretention time was 24.3ÂÂ41.0 min in Gas Chromatography. The average recovery range for the herbicide residues was 83.8ÂÂ100.1%, the relative standard deviation range was 1.93ÂÂ8.91% and the detection limit range was 0.001ÂÂ0.004 mg/ kg. Because this method is simple, accurate, has high sensitivity, and provides good purification, it is suitable for analysis of the herbicide residues in tobacco.
The Admirable Trumpeter: A Biography of General James Wilkinson (1941)

Journal Article The Admirable Trumpeter: A Biography of General James Wilkinson. By Thomas Robson Hay and M. R. Werner. (Garden City, N. Y.: Doubleday, Doran and Company, 1941. x + 383 pp. End maps, footnotes, and bibliographical note. $3.00.) Get access Harold E. Briggs Harold E. Briggs University of Miami Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of American History, Volume 28, Issue 2, September 1941, Pages 260–261, https://doi.org/10.2307/1896233 Published: 01 September 1941
Starters and Bacteriophages in Lactic Acid Casein Manufacture (1975)

A controlled starter system was used for the first time in commercial lactic acid casein manufacture in New Zealand. Multiple starters of up to four components were constructed from 18 recently derived Streptococcus cremoris isolates which were not lysed by any of the phages in the collection of the New Zealand Dairy Research Institute. During the first season of casein manufacture, phages attacking 17 isolates were detected in the casein whey. Of these, 12 prevented adequate acid production by the appropriate host even at levels below 1 phage per 10 to 1000 ml in the milk before starter addition. In contrast, the first detected phages attacking the other five isolates did not significantly influence the rate of acid development; use of these starters continued until phages which eliminated acid production appeared. An alternative starter system based on the continuous selection of “phage-tolerant” cultures was investigated. Regular addition of whey, from previous manufacture, to the individual mother cultures of each component permitted long-term use of the multiple starter. This procedure of continued selection for phage-tolerant organisms has been used successfully for a complete season in a major casein factory.
Kinetic nucleation theory: A new expression for the rate of homogeneous nucleation from an ideal supersaturated vapor (1990)

The ‘‘kinetic theory’’ of homogeneous nucleation developed by Katz and Wiedersich is extended to derive a new expression for the rate of nucleation from an ideal supersaturated vapor. Compared to the classical expression for the nucleation rate, the new expression has a slightly different dependence on supersaturation, and a substantially different dependence on temperature. A comparison of the new expression with experimental data on nucleation rates of several organic liquids indicates that in some but not all cases the new expression gives much closer agreement with the data than does the classical expression. Discrepancies between the theory and the data are ascribed mainly to the physical assumptions of the theory presented, which are the same as in the classical theory—particularly, that the physical properties of microscopic clusters are the same as those of the bulk liquid.
Aspirin and the Stomach (1986)

Aspirin often causes acute gastric mucosal damage that can be seen endoscopically or assessed indirectly (for example, by measuring increased gastrointestinal blood loss). The occurrence of most adverse effects is apparently related to the dose administered. This dose-response effect, evident in both endoscopic and microbleeding studies done after acute or short-term aspirin administration, is also associated with the risk of developing chronic gastric ulcer. The occurrence of gastric adaptation, or lessening injury with continued treatment, obscures the interpretation of results from studies of acute administration. Moreover, evidence of dose-response effects has frequently been ignored when lists of complications and side effects are compiled. The absence of symptoms does not correlate with acute or chronic mucosal damage and appears to have no predictive value. Endoscopic studies linking the extent and degree of acute mucosal injury to various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have little or no value in predicting the frequency or severity of chronic gastric ulcer or gastrointestinal bleeding.
Scalable systems software---Problem diagnosis in large-scale computing environments (2006)

We describe a new approach for locating the causes of anomalies in distributed systems. Our target environment is a distributed application that contains multiple identical processes performing similar activities. We use a new, lightweight form of dynamic instrumentation to collect function-level traces from each process. If the application fails, the traces are automatically compared to each other. We find anomalies by identifying processes that stopped earlier than the rest (sign of a fail-stop problem) or processes that behaved different from the rest (sign of a non-fail-stop problem). Our algorithm does not require reference data to distinguish anomalies from normal behaviors. However, it can make use of such data when available to reduce the number of false positives. Ultimately, we identify a function that is likely to explain the anomalous behavior. We demonstrated the efficacy of our approach by finding two problems in a large distributed cluster environment called SCore.
Localized synthesis of the Vg1 protein during early <i>Xenopus</i> development (1989)

The Xenopus Vg1 gene encodes a maternal mRNA that is localized to the vegetal hemisphere of both oocytes and embryos and encodes a protein related to the TGF-beta family of small secreted growth factors. We have raised antibodies to recombinant Vg1 protein and used them to show that Vg1 protein is first detected in stage IV oocytes and reaches maximal levels in stage VI oocytes and eggs. During embryogenesis, Vg1 protein is synthesized until the gastrula stage. The embryonically synthesized Vg1 protein is present only in vegetal cells of an early blastula. We find that Vg1 protein is glycosylated and associated with membranes in the early embryo. Our results also suggest that a small proportion of the full-length Vg1 protein is cleaved to give a small peptide of M(r) = approximately 17 x 10(3). These results support the proposal that the Vg1 protein is an endogenous growth-factor-like molecule involved in mesoderm induction within the amphibian embryo.
Reactive ion etching of vertical GaN mesas by the addition of CH<sub>4</sub>to BCl<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>/Ar inductively coupled plasma (2001)

Effects of CHI addition on the etched profiles were studied during the BCl3/H-2/Ar inductively coupled plasma reactive ion etching of GaN mesas. It was observed that the sidewall angle increases with the addition of up to 10% CH4 but then decreases with further addition, resulting in a maximum angle of about 86 degrees at the optimum condition, while the etch rate continuously decreases. It was proposed that the improved anisotropy is due to the polymer deposition on the surfaces, which reduces the mask erosion during the etching.
Use of Sodium Propionate in the Prevention of Ketosis in Dairy Cattle (1958)

In a study involving 100 high-producing cows, one-half served as controls and onehalf was fed 0.25 lb. of sodimn propionate daily for a period of 6 wk., starting at calving. Blood analyses and milk production showed an advantage for the propionate-fed cows in terms of higher blood sugar levels, lower blood ketones, and higher milk production. Greatest differences were observed at 3 wk. after calving, when they were highly significant in favor of the propionate-fed cows in all three measurements. At 7 wk. after calving, after the propionate had been discontinued, there were no significant differences between the two groups. During the 6-wk. feeding period, nine cows in the control group showed sufficient symptoms of ketosis to require treatment; whereas, the level of propionate was increased on two cows in the propionate-fed group because of an abnormal blood picture.
REVERSAL OF MYCOBACILLIN INHIBITION REACTIONS BY STEROLS AND PHOSPHOLIPIDS (1971)

Sterols like cholesterol, ergosterol, ergocalciferol and stigmasterol can antagonize various reactions of the polypeptide antibiotic mycobacillin on sensitive cells of Aspergillus niger, e. g. growth inhibition, agglutination and release of ultraviolet-absorbing compounds from the cells. Among the lipids tested viz. lecithin, sphingomyelin and cephalin, only lecithin is able to antagonize these antifungal reactions of mycobacillin. The growth-inhibiting property of the antibiotic on A. niger is antagonized by intracellular sterols and lipids isolated from the same sensitive organism. The intracellular antagonists have been characterized mainly as cholesterol and lecithin.
In vitro study on shRNA-mediated reduction of testis developmental related gene 1 expression and its effects on the proliferation, invasion and apoptosis of NTERA-2 cells (2015)

Testis developmental related gene 1 (<i>TDRG1</i>) is a novel human testis-specific gene. <i>TDRG1</i> is differentially expressed in cancerous tissue compared with normal testicular tissue and demonstrates a unique expression pattern in normal testes; therefore, this gene may be involved in the occurrence and development of testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT). In the present study, the expression level of <i>TDRG1</i> was downregulated in human TGCT NTERA-2 cells by RNA interference (RNAi) in order to investigate the association between TDRG1 and TGCT. The TDRG1 mRNA and protein expression levels in NTERA-2 cells were significantly inhibited following transfection with specific RNAi plasmids. The ability to proliferate (inhibited by 15.4% at day 3 and 26.1% at day 5; P<0.001) and invade (reduced by 49.1%; P=0.01) <i>in vitro</i> was suppressed in cells in which the expression level of <i>TDRG1</i> was reduced, and a corresponding increase in the apoptotic potential was observed (the early apoptotic potential and total apoptotic potential were increased by 75%; P=0.019 and 54.8%; P=0.009, respectively). The results of the present study indicated that the biological behavior of NTERA-2 cells is associated with <i>TDRG1</i> expression levels, and that this gene may be a novel target candidate in the treatment of TGCT.
Blind Linear MMSE Receivers for MC-CDMA Systems (2007)

This paper studies blind constrained minimum output energy (CMOE)-based and subspace-based linear minimum mean-squared-error (LMMSE) detectors for multi-carrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) systems. By imposing quadratic weight constraint, the CMOE detector is made more robust against signature waveform mismatch, and a better performance over the standard CMOE detector is obtained. Because of separation of signal and noise subspaces, the more complicated subspace-based LMMSE detector has better performance than the CMOE detector. The recursive subspace tracking algorithms are also investigated for the subspace-based MMSE receiver. Numerical results show that the steady-state performance of the robust CMOE detector is close to the subspace-based MMSE method. The blind mode decision-directed LMMSE detection is studied where the blind detectors are used for initial adaptation. Numerical simulations illustrate that the blind mode decision-directed MMSE detection substantially improves the system performance when the frequency-selective channel is slowly-varying
Design and Analysis of Multi-Mirror Soft X-Ray Projection Lithography Systems (1991)

Recently, there have been a number of reports where two-mirror inverted Schwarzschild microscopes, which were coated with appropriate multilayers, have been used in soft x-ray projection lithography experiments and have obtained resolutions as small as 50 nm [1-3]. A projection optics design survey [4] reported that the Schwarzschild type optics will have a field of view less than 1 mm with a resolution of 0.1 microns. However, it has been demonstrated [4,5] that four-mirror projection systems can be designed by conventional techniques to have a resolution less than 0.1 micron over a 20 mm field of view with distortion limiting system performance. Canon has disclosed [6] a number of three- and four-mirror projection lithography systems which are reported to yield 0.25 micron resolution over large fields of view.
Photoselective Metal Deposition on Amorphous Silicon p‐i‐n Solar Cells (1997)

A novel method is described for the patternwise metallization of amorphous silicon solar cells, based on photocathodic deposition. The electric field of the p-i-n structure is used for the separation of photogenerated charge carriers. The electrons are driven to the interface of the n+-layer with the solution where they reduce metal ions to metal. The large difference between the conductivity of dark and illuminated areas and the high sheet resistance of the n-type layer makes it possible to define a metal pattern by selective illumination. It is shown that both nickel and gold patterns can be deposited using this method. After annealing, an ohmic nickel contact is formed and the cell exhibits good photovoltaic characteristics.
Purification and characterization of two enone reductases from <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (1998)

Two enone reductases catalyzing irreversibly the enantioselective reduction of alpha,beta-unsaturated carbonyls have been purified 165-fold and 257-fold, respectively, from the cytosolic fraction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by means of streptomycin sulfate treatment, Sephadex G-25 filtration, DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography, blue Sepharose CL-6B chromatography and Superdex 200 preparation-grade filtration. One enzyme (E I) was NADPH-dependent, showed a molecular mass of 75 kDa and decomposed under denaturing electrophoretic conditions into two subunits of 34 kDa and 37 kDa. The other enzyme (E II) was NADH linked and the molecular mass estimated by means of Superdex 200 preparation-grade filtration, was 130 kDa. The enzyme decomposed into subunits of 56 kDa and 64 kDa on SDS/PAGE. Both enzymes were most active at pH 4.8 and accepted 1-octen-3-one, 1-hexen-3-one, 3-alken-2-ones, 4-alken-3-ones, 2-cyclohexen-1-ones, 2-alkenals, 2,4-alkadienals, 2-phenyl-2-alkenals, and 2-alkyl-2-alkenals as substrates. Both enzymes showed their highest activities with 1-hexen-3-one and 1-octen-3-one, respectively. The Km values for 1-octen-3-one were estimated as 0.54 mM (E I) and 0.20 mM (E II), respectively. Both enzymes catalyzed the enantioselective reduction of cis- and trans-2-phenyl-2-butenal into (R)-2-phenylbutanal.
Are Asian Per Capita GDP Stationary? Evidence from First and Second Generation Panel Unit Root Tests (2012)

This study examines stationarity characteristics of per capita GDP of a panel of 17 Asian countries and sub-panels. We employed a series of panel unit root tests that assume cross sectional independence and cross sectional dependence. The results of the second-generation tests reveal stationarity of per capita GDP for the entire Asian panel, as well as the East Asian and High Income Asian sub-panels. However, we find weak evidence for stationarity for the South Asian panel. The stationarity properties of the East Asian countries were strongly consistent with the idea that business cycles have stationary fluctuations around a deterministic trend, and vice versa hold for the South Asian panel.
Phase modulation to amplitude modulation conversion of CW laser light in optical fibres (1986)

We have measured the induced amplitude modulation of sinusoidally phase-modulated CW 1.5 μm laser light propagating in a single-mode fibre. Amplitude modulation approaching 100% was observed for light phase-modulated at 4 GHz and transmitted through 50 km of fibre. PM-AM conversion produces a power penalty in coherent transmission systems.
Epitopes and active sites of the RecA protein. (1990)

The RecA protein is indispensable for homologous genetic recombination in Escherichia coli. This protein alone promotes the ATP-dependent formation of homologous joint molecules and their processing in vitro. Through the use of a set of anti-RecA protein mouse monoclonal IgGs, we have been attempting to divide the whole process into elementary steps to determine the basic functions of the protein. In order to correlate the basic functions with the active sites on the recA polypeptide, we located the epitopes for the anti-RecA protein-IgGs on the recA polypeptide by means of immunoblotting experiments and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay involving isolated proteolytic polypeptides or synthetic ones derived from various regions of the recA polypeptide. The epitopes for anti-RecA protein-IgGs ARM321 and ARM414, both of which are shown to inhibit the DNA-dependent ATP hydrolysis and the formation of homologous joints by the RecA protein, were found to be located between Thr89 and Glu127 and between Glu233 and Lys256, respectively, on the RecA polypeptide. IgG ARM193 had been shown to interfere with the protein-protein interaction between two RecA protein molecules, and ARM191 had been suggested to inhibit the binding of double-stranded DNA to the RecA protein. The epitopes for ARM193 and ARM191 were found to be located in a approximately 90-amino acid region at the C terminus. These results suggest the locations of the active sites and a functional core on the RecA polypeptide.
Experimental Measures of Ventricular Activation and Synchrony (2008)

Conclusions from this study are: (1) ventricular activation was reflected accurately by the RMS width obtained from direct cardiac measurements and from precordial leads on the tank surface and (2) VES was not strongly correlated with TVAT.
HMG CoA reductase inhibitors (1993)

Evidence for the efficacy and safety of the β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) reductase inhibitors in the treatment of patients with primary hypercholesterolemia continues to accumulate. In addition, these drugs may have a role in the treatment of other forms of hyperlipidemia. Hepatotoxicity is the most common side effect. Primary and secondary intervention studies are currently under way to investigate the effects of HMC CoA reductase inhibitors on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
Observation of domain expansion and contraction in TbFe films by Lorentz microscopy (1988)

Lorentz electron microscopy techniques have been used to study in situ, at room temperature, the expansion and contraction of thermomagnetically written circular domains in Tb/sub 19/Fe/sub 81/ and Tb/sub 32/Fe/sub 68/ films. Domains expand or contract more or less radially in Tb/sub 19/Fe/sub 81/, but with the development of jagged walls. In Tb/sub 32/Fe/sub 68/, dendritelike stripe domains with jagged walls form either outside or within the existing domains, leaving the perimeter of the initial circular domains unchanged. The difference in behavior can be understood in terms of the difference in the importance of the local demagnetizing field relative to the local total field. The implications of the nonuniform wall motion for the appearance of domain irregularity during thermomagnetic recording are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Insulin receptor substrate 1 regulates the cellular differentiation and the matrix metallopeptidase expression of preosteoblastic cells (2010)

Insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) is an essential molecule for the intracellular signaling of IGF1 and insulin, which are potent anabolic regulators of bone metabolism. Osteoblastic IRS1 is essential for maintaining bone turnover; however, the mechanism underlying this regulation remains unclear. To clarify the role of IRS1 in bone metabolism, we employed RNA interference to inhibit IRS1 gene expression and observed the effects of silencing this gene on the proliferation and differentiation of and the expression of matrix metallopeptidase (MMP) and tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 11b (TNFRSF11B) in MC3T3-E1 cells. Our results showed that IRS1 short hairpin RNAs can effectively suppress the expression of IRS1, and inhibit the phosphorylation of AKT in IRS1 pathway; reduce the expression of MMP2, MMP3, MMP13, and MMP14, decrease the expression of TNFRSF11B and RANKL (also known as tumor necrosis factor (ligand) superfamily, member 11), however increase the RANKL/TNFRSF11B ratio; decrease cell survival, proliferation, and mineralization, and impair the differentiation of MC3T3-E1 cells. The downregulation of IRS1 had no effect on the expression of MMP1. Our findings suggest that IRS1 not only promotes bone formation and mineralization but also might play roles in bone resorption partly via the regulation of MMPs and RANKL/TNFRSF11B ratio, thus regulates the bone turnover.