gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diurnal flight response of the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), to pheromone-baited traps in two northern California walnut habitats (2012)

Abstract The diurnal flight response of the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), was assessed during two seasonal periods at two sites in northern California. Males and females flew primarily at dusk in response to aggregation pheromone-baited traps during late June/early July, and the percentage of beetles that flew between sunrise and late afternoon was positively correlated with the temperature at 6 AM of that day. Between late August and early November, the diurnal flight pattern was more varied and generally bimodal, though approx. 42 to 55% of the beetles still flew during the dusk period. During either period of the season, there was very little evidence that any flight occurred during the night. Between late August and late September, diurnal flight of both sexes during two-hour intervals was associated with temperature in a Gaussian manner with a threshold at 17–18 °C (62.6–64.4 °F) and peak activity at 23–24 °C (73.4–75.2 °F). The proportion of females i...
Polycarbonates (2001)

Abstract Polycarbonates are an unusual and extremely useful class of polymers. The vast majority of polycarbonates are based on bisphenol A (BPA) and sold under the trade names Lexan, Makrolon, Calibre, and Panlite. BPA polycarbonates having high glass‐transition temperatures are widely regarded for optical clarity and exceptional impact resistance and ductility at room temperature and below. Other properties such as modulus, dielectric strength, or tensile strength are comparable to other amorphous thermoplastics at similar temperatures below their respective glass‐transition temperatures. Polycarbonates are prepared commercially by two processes: Schotten–Baumann reaction of phosgene and an aromatic diol in an amine‐catalyzed interfacial condensation reaction, or via base‐catalyzed transesterification of a bisphenol with a monomeric carbonate such as diphenyl carbonate. Important products are also based on polycarbonates in blends with other polymers, copolymers, branched resins, flame‐retardant compositions, foams, and other materials. Polycarbonate, produced globally, has been the object of research studies, owing to its widespread utility and unusual properties. This article summarizes the preparation, properties, and utility of polycarbonates.
Progress in the Manufacture of Long Length YBCO Roebel Cables (2009)

We have manufactured lengths of up to 10 m of Roebel cable from wide strips of second generation YBCO wire. The wide strips are first screened using magnetic scanning to check for superconductor defects to avoid incorporating poor quality wire into the cable. Manufacturing issues such as the long length registration of the strand crossovers and the maximum yield from wide strip is discussed. Differences in cutting and winding due to different tape substrate materials are shown to be minimal. We report electrical measurements on samples of HTS Roebel cable. Insulation which protects the assembled conductors from environmental degradation is reported.
Geometric model for an independently tilted lens and sensor with application for omnifocus imaging (2017)

Optical imaging systems in which the lens and sensor are free to rotate about independent pivots offer greater degrees of freedom for controlling and optimizing the process of image gathering. However, to benefit from the expanded possibilities, we need an imaging model that directly incorporates the essential parameters. In this work, we propose a model of imaging which can accurately predict the geometric properties of the image in such systems. Furthermore, we introduce a new method for synthesizing an omnifocus (all-in-focus) image from a sequence of images captured while rotating a lens. The crux of our approach lies in insights gained from the new model.
Antioxidant systems in insects (1995)

Insects possess a suite of antioxidant enzymes and small molecular weight antioxidants that may form a concatenated response to an onslaught of dietary and endogenously produced oxidants. Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione transferase, and glutathione reductase have been characterized in insects. Water-soluble and lipid-soluble antioxidants such as ascorbate, glutathione, tocopherols, and carotenoids have not been well studied in insects but may play very important antioxidant roles. Additionally, the peritrophic matrix and trehalose may possess important antioxidant functions in insects. The enzymatic recycling of ascorbate, first noted in green plants, may also exist in insects. A greater understanding of these antioxidant systems may provide greater understanding about the ecological relationships of insects with their hosts.
Asymmetric hydrogenation of methyl (Z)-.alpha.-acetamidocinnamate catalyzed by [1,2-bis(phenyl-o-anisoyl)phosphino)ethane]rhodium(I): kinetics, mechanism and origin of enantioselection (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAsymmetric hydrogenation of methyl (Z)-.alpha.-acetamidocinnamate catalyzed by [1,2-bis(phenyl-o-anisoyl)phosphino)ethane]rhodium(I): kinetics, mechanism and origin of enantioselectionClark R. Landis and Jack HalpernCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 6, 1746–1754Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00240a025https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00240a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4541Altmetric-Citations493LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An approach to the automatic recognition of speech (1978)

This paper describes some techniques employed at the National Physical Laboratory in developing a practical system capable of recognizing human speech. The system, which is currently being evaluated in an extended series of trials, is capable of performing two main tasks: (1) recognizing key words embedded in continuous speech and (2) segmenting and recognizing continuous speech such as strings of numerals.
Patterns of Self-Organising in the Bitcoin Online Community : Code Forking as Organising in Digital Infrastructure (2017)

Digital infrastructures play an increasingly central role in shaping existing organisations and creating new ones. Research on digital infrastructure has rested on the assumption that infrastructures are developed to support pre-existing organised activities. However, with new digital infrastructures supporting open source projects and blockchain communities such as Bitcoin, development of the technological infrastructure also gives rise to a new way of self-organising. Specifically, forking of the underlying source code and subsequent community adoption is increasingly observed to trigger new patterns of self-organising. In order to explore and develop this concept, this paper investigates a case of such distributed digital community: the emergence of the Bitcoin community around a specific instantiation of the Blockchain infrastructure. Our study examines how the community emerges, and how changes in the source code lead to different patterns of self-organising. The paper develops a conceptual framework of self-organising in distributed communities emerging around digital infrastructures.
The Chemistry of Carbanions. VI. Stereochemistry of the Wittig Reaction with Stabilized Ylids<sup>1a</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Chemistry of Carbanions. VI. Stereochemistry of the Wittig Reaction with Stabilized Ylids1aHerbert O. House, Vera K. Jones, and George A. FrankCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 11, 3327–3333Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01034a049https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01034a049research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1085Altmetric-Citations92LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The complete genomes of three viruses assembled from shotgun libraries of marine RNA virus communities (2007)

The complete genomes of these viruses permitted analyses that resulted in a more comprehensive comparison of these pathogens with established taxa. For example, in concordance with phylogenies based on the RdRp, our results support a close homology between JP-A and JP-B and RsRNAV. In contrast, although classification of the SOG genome based on the RdRp places SOG within the Tombusviridae, SOG lacks a capsid and movement protein conserved within this family and SOG is thus likely more distantly related to the Tombusivridae than the RdRp phylogeney indicates.
High-power vertical-cavity surface-emitting arrays (2008)

We present record output power levels (a few hundred Watts) in continuous-wave (CW) and quasi-CW (QCW) from 2D vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) arrays, corresponding to power densities exceeding 1kW/cm<sup>2</sup> in CW and 3.5kW/cm<sup>2</sup> in QCW. These VCSEL arrays emit around 975nm with narrow spectral width (<1nm) and excellent wavelength stability (<0.07nm/K). Peak power conversion efficiency of properly designed arrays exceeds 50%. Additional features of these arrays include emission in a circular, low-diverging beam, and reliable high-temperature operation. These arrays can also be operated reliably in short pulses (<200nsec) at many times their roll-over CW current, making them useful for high-energy applications. VCSEL arrays with 2.2kW peak output power operating under 100nsec pulse-width have been demonstrated.
NOX-free inflammasome activation (2010)

In this issue of Blood, Meissner and colleagues discover that immune cells from CGD patients that have defective phagocyte oxidases show hyperactive inflammasome activation. These findings implicate that ROS down-regulate rather than enable caspase-1 activation and identify anti–IL-1 strategies as a potential therapy for the disproportionate inflammatory responses associated with CGD.
A Convenient Synthetic Method for Pure Oxo(phthalocyaninato)titanium(IV) and Application to Other Metal Phthalocyanines (1995)

Abstract High-yield synthesis of pure oxo(phthalocyaninato)titanium(IV) was conveniently achieved by heating a mixture of 1,2-dicyanobenzene, titanium(IV) butoxide, urea, and 1-octanol at 150 °C. It is suggested that a key pathway of the efficient condensation reaction is the complex formation of titanium(IV) butoxide with ammonia generated by the nucleophilic attack of 1-octanol to urea. Applicabilities of this method were investigated for condensation reactions of 1,2-dicyanobenzene with other metal alkoxides.
Spatial modulation display using spatial light modulators (1992)

A spatial modulation display is described that permits the observation of a phantom or transparent image by several persons simultaneously and is suitable for medical imaging. The display uses spatial light modulators and large format convex lenses within a Schlieren optical system. The number of sectional images in a three-dimensional image is limited by the number of spatial light modulators. The display is electro-optical and requires no moving parts.
CD32-dependent platelet activation by a drug-dependent antibody to glycoprotein IIb/IIIa antagonists (2003)

Thrombocytopenia is observed with a frequency of up to 2% in patients treated with glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa antagonists. We recently provided evidence that thrombocytopenia is caused by antibody binding to drug-induced conformational changes in GP IIb/IIIa. Here, we report that a murine monoclonal antibody binds to GP IIb/IIIa in an antagonist-dependent manner and activates platelets. Platelet stimulation is associated with a disruption of the phospholipid asymmetry, resulting in the assembly of catalytic active intrinsic Xase and prothrombinase complexes. Further mechanistic studies revealed that this response is (I) mediated in cis, (II) not associated with the formation of prothrombotic microparticles, and (III) requires intact platelet signaling and (IV) is blocked by increases in cAMP. The prothrombotic response is not observed using F(ab')2 fragments and is blocked by incubation of platelets with neutralizing antibodies to the platelet FcgammaRIIa receptor (CD 32).Taken together, these observations suggest that GPIIb/IIIa antagonist-dependent antibody binding to the platelet fibrinogen receptor has the propensity to lead to CD32-mediated platelet activation and accelerated platelet clearance, leading to thrombocytopenia.
Stress-Dependent Nucleolin Mobilization Mediated by p53-Nucleolin Complex Formation (2002)

We recently discovered that heat shock causes nucleolin to relocalize from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm, whereupon it binds replication protein A and inhibits DNA replication initiation. We report that nucleolin mobilization also occurs following exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) and treatment with camptothecin. Mobilization was selective in that another nucleolar marker, upstream binding factor, did not relocalize in response to IR. Nucleolin relocalization was dependent on p53 and stress, the latter initially stimulating nucleolin-p53 complex formation. Nucleolin relocalization and complex formation in vivo were independent of p53 transactivation but required the p53 C-terminal regulatory domain. Nucleolin and p53 also interact directly in vitro, with a similar requirement for p53 domains. These data indicate a novel p53-dependent mechanism in which cell stress mobilizes nucleolin for transient replication inhibition and DNA repair.
Cation-Independent Mannose 6-Phosphate Receptor Blocks Apoptosis Induced by Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Mutants Lacking Glycoprotein D and Is Likely the Target of Antiapoptotic Activity of the Glycoprotein (2002)

Herpes simplex virus 1 mutants lacking the gene encoding glycoprotein D (gD) and the gD normally present in the envelope of the virus (gD(-/-) stocks) or mutants lacking the gD gene but containing trans-induced gD in their envelopes (gD(-/+)) cause apoptosis in human SK-N-SH cells. The gD(-/-) virions are taken up by endocytosis and are degraded, whereas gD(-/+) viruses replicate but produce gD(-/-) virus. Apoptosis is blocked by delivery of the gD gene in trans. Studies designed to test several hypotheses concerning the role of gD in apoptosis revealed the following. (i) gD(-/-) and gD(-/+) stocks induce fragmentation of cellular DNA in SK-N-SH, HEp-2, HeLa, and Vero cell lines. (ii) Chloroquine blocks apoptosis induced by gD(-/-) stocks but not by gD(-/+) stocks. The drug also rescues gD(-/-) from degradation. (iii) Cells transduced with cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CI-MPR) block apoptosis induced by either gD(-/-) or gD(-/+) virus. (iv) Expression of sequences antisense to the cloned CI-MPR gene induced apoptosis by themselves. Wild-type virus but not gD(-/-) or gD(-/+) stocks of mutant virus blocked apoptosis induced by the expression of CI-MPR antisense sequences. These results exclude the possibility that to block apoptosis, gD must interact with its HveA receptor, a member of the tumor necrosis factor alpha receptor family. Instead, the data suggest that gD blocks the influx of lysosomal enzymes into the endosomal compartment by binding to CI-MPR. This conclusion is consistent with published reports that phosphorylated gD interacts with CI-MPR.
Transferrin-appended .BETA.-(1.RAR.3)-D-glucan schizophyllan for antisense oligonucleotides delivery to enhance the cellular uptake (2005)

Schizophyllan (SPG) is a natural β-(1→3)-D-glucan existing as a triple helix in water and as a single chain in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), respectively. As we already reported, when a homo-phosphodiester polynucleotide [for example, poly(dA) or poly(C)] is added to the SPG/DMSO solution and subsequently DMSO is exchanged for water, SPG forms a complex with the polynucleotide. One of the potential applications of this novel complex is an antisense-oligonucleotide (AS ODN) carrier. The present paper describes a modification technique which enables us to introduce transferrin to the reducing end of SPG (Tf-SPG). We made a complex from Tf-SPG and AS ODN and carried out an in vitro antisense assay. We found that Tf-SPG dramatically enhances the antisense effect. Their superiority can be ascribed to enhancement of endocytosis due to the attached transferrin. One of the peculiar features of our system is that the complex (i.e., carrier + AS ODN) is charged negatively in total, because SPG itself is a neutral polysaccharide. This feature is different from the conventional systems such as cationic liposomes and polycations. The present work has thus clarified that SPG can act as a new potential candidate for AS ODN carriers. [DOI: 10.1380/ejssnt.2005.195]
Metabolomics and metabolic pathway networks from human colorectal cancers, adjacent mucosa, and stool (2016)

Stool metabolite profiles were limited for direct associations with CRC and adjacent mucosa, yet metabolic pathways were conserved across both matrices. Larger patient-matched CRC, adjacent non-cancerous colonic mucosa, and stool cohort studies for metabolite profiling are needed to validate these small molecule differences and metabolic pathway aberrations for clinical application to CRC control, treatment, and prevention.
Applicability of the JTRS software communications architecture in advanced Milsatcom terminals (2004)

The JTRS software communications architecture (SCA) provides important benefits in military satellite communications programs by allowing a reconfigurable MILSATCOM terminal to support multiple waveforms. Special treatment of the SCA is often required, however, in order to support the multiple user channel and high-bandwidth nature of advanced MILSATCOM waveforms. Such waveforms demand hardware providing a high degree of parallelism with low-latency connections between processing elements. This paper presents techniques for mapping the SCA onto such hardware in a manner that maintains the benefits of SCA while providing the required performance to support advanced waveforms.
Two new triterpenoid sulfates from the leaves of Schefflera octophylla. (1990)

Two new triterpenoid sulfates were isolated from the fresh leaf blades of Schefflera octophylla (Araliaceae). On the basis of results of spectral and chemical investigations, their structures were characterized as free forms of 3-epi-betulinic acid 3-O-sulfate and betulinic acid 3-O-sulfate.
Preparation of Shell Cross-Linked Nano-Objects from Hybrid-Peptide Block Copolymers (2005)

Supramolecular structures formed by self-assembly of diblock copolymers in solution are stable over restricted environmental conditions: concentration, temperature, pH, or ion strength among others. To enlarge their domain of application, it appears necessary to develop stabilization strategies. We report here different strategies to stabilize the shell of micelles formed by self-assembly of amphiphilic polydiene-b-polypeptide diblock copolymers. For this purpose, covalent bonds can be formed between either amine or carboxylic acid groups distributed along the soluble peptide block and a cross-linking agent that contains respectively aldehyde or amine functions. Shell stabilization affords systems with unique properties that combine three main advantages: shape persistence, control of the porosity, and stimuli-responsive behavior. The covalent capture of such macromolecular objects has been studied by light scattering, AFM, and conductimetry measurements.
Understanding the Physicochemical and Functional Properties of Wheat Starch in Various Foods (2010)

ABSTRACT This report highlights the structure and myriad properties of wheat starch in various food systems. Granule shape, size, and color, plus the proportion of A‐ and B‐granules, amylose content, and molecular structure largely determine its functionality in food. The role of wheat starch is portrayed in three categories of flour‐based foods that differ in water content. Wheat starch influences the appearance, cooking characteristics, eating quality, and texture of pasta and noodles, and its role is more than a filler in yeast‐leavened bread products. Recent developments in the properties and applications of commercially important wheat pyrodextrins and RS4‐type resistant wheat starches are reported, along with their use to produce fiber‐fortified foods. Gluten‐free foods are also discussed.
Flame Location Measurements in a Production Engine Using Ionization Probes Embodied in a Printed-Circuit-Board Head Gasket (1993)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A head gasket instrumented with ionization probes made using printed-circuit-board technology has been successfully demonstrated in a single-cylinder development version of a General Motors 3800 V-6 engine. Four different gasket designs were tested, but common to all was the use of a printed-circuit-board layer to provide multiple ionization-probes around the perimeter of the cylinder bore. The probes detect the arrival time of the flame at eight equally-spaced locations, giving an inferred measure of flame geometry. The cylinder pressure is recorded simultaneously with the eight ionization-probe signals using a personal-computer based data acquisition system. The technique provides a useful tool for studying cycle-to-cycle and cylinder-to-cylinder variations in the combustion rate as related to the flame arrival time at the gasket face. The design features of the gaskets that both succeeded and failed are discussed, and representative ionization-probe signals and data sets are presented.</div>