gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of SiC Microstructures in Si Technology by High Dose Carbon Implantation: Etch‐Stop Properties (1997)

The use of high dose carbon ion implantation in Si for the production of membranes and microstructures is investigated. Si wafers were implanted with carbon doses of 1017 and 5 × 1017 cm-2, at an energy of 300 keV and a temperature of 500°C. The structural analysis of these samples revealed the formation of a highly stable buried layer of crystalline β-SiC precipitates aligned with the Si matrix. The etch-stop properties of this layer have been investigated using tetramethyl-ammonium hydroxide as etchant solution. Secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements performed on the etched samples have allowed an estimate of the minimum dose needed for obtaining an etch-stop layer to a value in the range 2 to 3 × 1017 ions/cm2. This behavior has been explained assuming the existence of a percolation process in a SiC/Si binary system. Finally, very thin crystalline membranes and self-standing structures with average surface roughness in the range 6 to 7 nm have been obtained.
Indexing and search of multimodal information (2002)

The Informedia Digital Library Project allows full content indexing and retrieval of text, audio and video material. The integration of speech recognition, image processing, natural language processing and information retrieval overcomes limits in each technology to create a useful system. In order to answer the question how good speech recognition has to be in order to be useful and usable for indexing and retrieving speech recognizer generated transcripts, some empirical evidence is presented that illustrates the degradation of information retrieval at different levels of speech accuracy. In our experiments, word error rates up to 25% did not significantly impact information retrieval and error rates of 50% still provided 85 to 95% of the recall and precision relative to fully accurate transcripts in the same retrieval system.
HTTP/2-Based Adaptive Streaming of HEVC Video Over 4G/LTE Networks (2016)

In HTTP Adaptive Streaming, video content is temporally divided into multiple segments, each encoded at several quality levels. The client can adapt the requested video quality to network changes, generally resulting in a smoother playback. Unfortunately, live streaming solutions still often suffer from playout freezes and a large end-to-end delay. By reducing the segment duration, the client can use a smaller temporal buffer and respond even faster to network changes. However, since segments are requested subsequently, this approach is susceptible to high round-trip times. In this letter, we discuss the merits of an HTTP/2 push-based approach. We present the details of a measurement study on the available bandwidth in real 4G/LTE networks, and analyze the induced bit-rate overhead for HEVC-encoded video segments with a sub-second duration. Through an extensive evaluation with the generated video content, we show that the proposed approach results in a higher video quality (+7.5%) and a lower freeze time (-50.4%), and allows to reduce the live delay compared with traditional solutions over HTTP/1.1.
Speckle from rough rotating objects (1988)

Dynamic speckle from rough rotating objects with nonplanar underlying shape is considered in theory and experiment. The theoretical treatment is based on modeling the optical field as a sum of contributions from discrete scatterers on the surface of the object. It follows that computation of the speckle correlation function requires knowledge of the object's average scattering strength as a function of position and the underlying shape of the object. Calculation of the speckle correlation function reduces to tracing a series of rays that coarsely sample the object and for each ray computing the relative phase shift resulting from object rotation. This method is quite simple compared to previous analytic techniques. Theory and experiment are compared for cylinders with a variety of surface coatings. Dynamic speckle from multiple rotating objects and objects with complicated underlying shape is also considered.
What are the Receptive, Effective Receptive, and Projective Fields of Neurons in Convolutional Neural Networks? (2017)

In this work, we explain in detail how receptive fields, effective receptive fields, and projective fields of neurons in different layers, convolution or pooling, of a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) are calculated. While our focus here is on CNNs, the same operations, but in the reverse order, can be used to calculate these quantities for deconvolutional neural networks. These are important concepts, not only for better understanding and analyzing convolutional and deconvolutional networks, but also for optimizing their performance in real-world applications.
Advances in epilepsy (1994)

Recent advances in clinical epilepsy have included improved systems for classifying seizures and epileptic syndromes, better definition of nontemporal seizures, improved methods for distinguishing syncope and pseudoseizures from epilepsy, and new approaches in the management of pregnant women with epilepsy. There has been continued development of the concept that epilepsy is a heterogeneous disorder with many imitators. Treatment is most successful when tailored to the particular seizure type, epileptic syndrome, and special needs of the individual patient.
Mid-IR frequency comb upconversion spectroscopy (2010)

We present a mid-infrared frequency comb generated via differency frequency mixing of a Yb femtosecond fiber laser. After passing through a methane gas sample, the MIR comb is upconverted and dispersed onto a CCD for detection.
A 45 GHz AlGaAs/GaAs HBT IC technology (2002)

A non-self-aligned HBT (heterojunction bipolar transistor) IC process with f/sub T/ and f/sub max/ of 45 GHz is reported. The process provides 1.4 THz Schottky diodes, nichrome resistors, MIM capacitors, and air-bridge inductors. The process does not use any ion implantation. An HBT prescalar circuit designed with this process clocks at 13.5 GHz. A pulser circuit using Schottky diodes demonstrates 8.6 ps risetime.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Literary Nature of the Law (1963)

There is a dichotomy in the problem of sufficient interest in and of realization of the sheer importance of the literary aspects of law, beyond mere acceptance of the idea that a lawyer must be capable of a high degree of communication, which capacity requires a certain adroitness in composition and presentation, whether written or oral. The neglected ingredient of that adroitness is the appreciation of all forms of literature as a basic tool. Literature then can be used first by the practitioner to polish and enhance his already existing skills as a lawyer, and, secondly, the importance of literature for the lawyer can be impressed upon the law student in order to bring into better focus his incipient skills. It is to this latter end that this writer is directing his attention.
Interoperability issues in large-scale distributed object systems (1995)

article Free AccessInteroperability issues in large-scale distributed object systems Author: Frank Manola GTE Labs., Inc., Waltham, MA GTE Labs., Inc., Waltham, MAView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Computing SurveysVolume 27Issue 2June 1995 pp 268–270https://doi.org/10.1145/210376.210391Published:01 June 1995Publication History 16citation699DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations16Total Downloads699Last 12 Months30Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
4H-SiC npn bipolar junction transistors with BV/sub CEO/ &lt; 3,200 V (2003)

4H-SiC BJTs with 1.05 mm/sup 2/ and 0.0072 mm/sup 2/ active areas are fabricated. Large devices show specific on-state resistance R/sub ON,SP/ of 78 m/spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/, common emitter current gain /spl beta/ of 15, and open-base blocking voltage BV/sub CEO/ > 3,200 V at room temperature. Small devices have /spl beta/ around 20, and R/sub ON,SP/ of 28 m/spl Omega/-cm/sup 2/. R/sub ON,SP/ increases with temperature while /spl beta/ decreases. /spl beta/ also decreases as the spacing between base contact implant and emitter finger is reduced. We attribute this to recombination in the p+ implanted base contact at implant-induced defect sites.
Pain: A Culturally Informed Experience (2002)

I was raised in North America ‐ a culture and society in which the education emphasizes knowledge about science, its methods and its principles. The scientific method of understanding, coupled with the rudimentary knowledge that I was taught in high school biology, resulted in my conceptualization of pain as an objective truth. Pain, as I believed for a long time, was a bodily sensation with an expression that was more or less universal; to me, pain was simply the sensation that the brain experiences as a response to noxious stimuli. The pain sensation protects us from things that can hurt us; it is a warning sign that something in us is physically amiss. Thus, everybody physically reacts to the touch of a flame or experiences abdominal pain when there is appendicitis. Even now, in medical school, the pain education that I have received so far has only involved the physiology or mechanics of pain. Pain, as a physiological condition, operates independent of cultural context. However, in considering the experience of pain that my grandmother has endured, I realize that pain is much more than a mechanical bodily sensation effected by the nervous system in response to stimulus. Pain is a human experience, and as such, it is highly individualized and subjective. The proper diagnosis, care and treatment of pain necessitate a holistic understanding of pain, its physiology and its context (1).
Energy values and chemical composition of spirulina (Spirulina platensis) evaluated with broilers (2011)

The objective of this study was to determine the chemical and energy composition of spirulina (Spirulina platensis), the nutrient metabolizability coefficients, and the values of apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and the apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn) in broilers. A digestibility trial was carried out by using total excreta collection method, with 90 Cobb 500 lineage chicks, with initial weight of 256 ± 5 g at 11 days of age. Birds were allotted in metabolic cages for 10 days, distributed in a completely randomized design, with three treatments and six repetitions with five birds each. Diets consisted on a reference-ration based on corn and soybean meal and two test diets, one containing spirulina (30%) and the other one with soybean meal (30%). Spiruline was superior to soybean meal for contents of dry matter (DM), gross energy (9.60%), crude protein (26.56%), ether extract (54.45%), mineral matter (42.77%), calcium (100%) and total phosphorus (130.77%) and also for most amino acids, except lysine, glutamate, histidine and proline. Nevertheless, spiruline presented lower values of gross fiber (83.95%), acid detergent fiber (85.12%) and neutral detergent fiber (6.15). The AME and AMEn values (kcal/kg of DM) were, respectively, 2,906 and 2,502 for the spirulina and 2,646 and 2,340 for the soybean meal and AMEn of spirulina was 6.92% higher than soybean meal.
Unsaturated polymers containing boron and thiophene units in the backbone (1998)

2,5-Dialkynylthiophenes (RCC)2C4H2S (R = Ph, Me3Si or But) treated successively with HBCl2 and Et3SiH in CH2Cl2 undergo hydroboration polymerization to give intensely-coloured polymers of general structure –[CHCR–BCl–CRCH–C4H2S]n– for which the 11B NMR resonances occur ca. 50 ppm upfield of those for analogous monomers.
An Adiabatic Quantum Electron Pump (1999)

A quantum pumping mechanism that produces dc current or voltage in response to a cyclic deformation of the confining potential in an open quantum dot is reported. The voltage produced at zero current bias is sinusoidal in the phase difference between the two ac voltages deforming the potential and shows random fluctuations in amplitude and direction with small changes in external parameters such as magnetic field. The amplitude of the pumping response increases linearly with the frequency of the deformation. Dependencies of pumping on the strength of the deformations, temperature, and breaking of time-reversal symmetry were also investigated.
A Robust Frequency Tracking Loop at the eNodeB for LTE Uplink (2008)

4G systems like LTE (Long Term Evolution) provide an uplink data rate up to 80 Mbps, utilize higher order modulation (64-QAM) and introduce space division multiple access (SDMA) to improve spectral efficiency. These features pose stringent frequency and time synchronization requirements for the modem to guarantee satisfactory performance. This paper presents a simple yet robust scheme to estimate the frequency offset on a per user-basis at the eNodeB. The algorithm proposed utilizes a non-coherent method to provide frequency error estimation, hence decoupled from the channel estimator. This estimation can be used by the eNodeB in a "open loop" fashion to correct the user's local oscillator frequency via downlink (DL) timing adjustment messages or in a "closed loop" scheme such as frequency tracking loop (FTL) to iteratively reduce the measurement error fluctuations. The performance of the proposed estimator have been investigated in open loop configuration through simulations and found within 5% of Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) in AWGN channel. For closed loop operation mode, the presented FTL exploits multipath diversity in time and space to mitigate the effects of fading, thus showing less than 0.3 dB of performance gap with respect to perfect frequency correction in TU-30 kmh channel. Analysis is presented for both open loop and closed loop to provide further insights in the algorithm and to allow parameter optimization study, thus facilitating the design process.
Greedy heuristics for rapid scheduling of trains on a single track (1998)

This paper describes the core algorithm used in an implementation of a scheduler currently being installed in a major Asian railway. It extends previous work on a greedy heuristic for scheduling trains, to provide a powerful and practically useful method that is fast enough for real-time use in many cases. Real-world railway systems have constraints that do not fit easily into a simple mathematical formulation. The algorithm described here makes it straightforward to incorporate many such realistic features.
Instability of BaCeO3 in  H 2 O  ‐Containing Atmospheres (1996)

Rare earth oxide doped is known to exhibit high protonic conductivity in the temperature range 500 to 900°C and is a potential electrolyte for use in hydrogen sensing and fuel cell applications. Prior work, however, has shown that may be thermodynamically unstable at low temperatures. In the present work, the stability of in an vapor containing environment was investigated by exposing powder and sintered samples to ∼430 Torr in the temperature range 500 to 900°C. All samples decomposed into and in relatively short periods of time at temperatures less than 900°C. Doped decomposed at a faster rate than the undoped . Sintered decomposed at a rate comparable to the powder samples. These results establish that is thermodynamically unstable when a critical vapor pressure is exceeded and that the rapid decomposition of both powder and sintered samples is the result of the high solubility of in which accelerates the kinetics of decomposition.
The Koch island fractal microstrip patch antenna (2002)

The Koch island fractal patch antenna is introduced in order to reduce the antenna size. By the space-filling property of fractal geometry, this antenna reveals lower resonant frequency than that of a normal square patch antenna. Based on experimental results, it is found that as iteration and iteration factor increases, the resonant frequency of this patch antenna decreases, while maintaining a radiation pattern similar to that of normal square patch.
Single-Stage Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis and Hydroprocessing: The Hydroprocessing Performance of Ni/ZSM-5/γ-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> under Fischer–Tropsch Conditions (2011)

The single-stage combination of Fischer–Tropsch synthesis and hydroprocessing without intermediate product fractionation has been studied using Co/Al2O3 as FT and Ni/ZSM-5/γ-Al2O3 as HP catalysts either in dual-layer arrangement or in physical mixture. Furthermore, the performance of the hydroprocessing catalyst under Fischer–Tropsch conditions was investigated in more detail in the gas phase hydroprocessing of n-dodecane in the presence of CO and H2O vapor, mimicking 69.4% Fischer–Tropsch conversion. All experiments were conducted at 10 bar and varying temperatures and residence times. In the gas phase hydroconversion of n-dodecane, CO and H2O showed a strongly inhibiting effect. The disturbance of the hydrogenation function by CO is most detrimental because enduring deactivation by coke formation is initiated. In combined single-stage experiments, the formation of a liquid hydrocarbon film in the FT reactions reduces the impact of the inhibitors to a large extent. Here, the hydroprocessing performance is mostly determined by the ratio H2/hydrocarbons. In both single-stage configurations, lower C numbers and larger isomer fractions as compared to the FT reference evidenced the activity of the HP catalyst. In physical mixture configuration, however, the HP catalyst benefits from the higher H2/hydrocarbon ratios along the complete catalyst bed, resulting in a more efficient reduction of C21+ hydrocarbons and high isomer fractions in a broader range of carbon numbers.
Cardiovascular Effects of the Somatostatin Analog Octreotide in Acromegaly (1990)

The rapid and sustained cardiac improvement seen in our patients shows that octreotide therapy for patients with acromegaly may be highly beneficial, even in those patients with advanced cardiac failure.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of Some New 6‐Isothiocyanato‐, 6‐N‐(N,N‐Bis(methoxycarbonyl)guanidino)‐, and 6‐(2‐Aryl/2‐arylaminothiazol‐4‐yl)‐2H‐1,4‐benzoxazin‐3(4H)‐ones. (1988)

Abstract Title compounds of type (IV), (VI), (IX) and (XI) are synthesized as shown.
Stimulated Emission from Donor Transitions in Silicon (2000)

The observation of far-infrared stimulated emission from shallow donor transitions in silicon is reported. Lasing with a wavelength of 59 &mgr;m due to the neutral donor intracenter 2p(0)-->1s(E) transition in Si:P pumped by CO2 laser radiation is obtained. Populations of D0 and D- center states and the balance of the radiation absorption and amplification are theoretically analyzed.
Calcium ‐ Ca ( AlCl4 ) 2 ‐ Thionyl Chloride Cell: Performance and Safety (1982)

The conductivity of solutions was determined at temperatures from −30° to +60°C. The maximum specific conductivities at −30°, 30°, and 60°C were found to be 3.25, 6.7, 8.7 mmho cm−1, respectively. The discharge performance of sandwich‐like glass laboratory cells was determined at rates of 0.8–13 mA cm−2over this temperature range. Cell capacity at 25°C was 38 mA‐hr cm−2 at 1 mA cm−2 and 22 mA‐hr cm−2 at 11 mA cm−2. There was no loss of capacity on discharge at 60°C. At −20°C and 0.8 mA cm−2 the cell delivers 80% of its 25°C capacity. It was estimated that the energy density of a "jelly‐roll" type cell will be 250–300 W‐hr kg−1. The safety features of the cell were excellent as it was practically impossible to charge or overdischarge the cell. At a charging or a reversal voltage of 30V the corresponding current densities were smaller than 0.1 mA cm−2.
Kerr-lens mode-locked diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser (2004)

We report what we believe to be the first demonstration of a Kerr-lens mode-locked diode-pumped Yb:YAG laser. The spectral width is 30 nm, which corresponds to 38 fs of pulse duration assuming Fourier-transform-limited sech-shaped pulses.
Administration of LH-Releasing Hormone of Human Origin to Man (1971)

Two fractions with LH-RH and FSH-RH activities purified from human hypothalamic tissue were administered to 2 normal men. Injection of the first fraction resulted in a mean increase in serum LH of 163% and in serum FSH of 24.5%, while the second fraction induced a mean increase in serum LH of 140% and in serum FSH of 12%. When compared to the 16.5% increase in serum LH and 4% increase in serum FSH following injection of an amount of arginine vasopressin equivalent to that contained in the hypothalamic preparations, only the release of LH by each fraction was statistically significant. It is concluded that the material purified from hypothalamic tissue at autopsy stimulates the release of LH in man and thus probably represents human LH-RH.
Kutznerides 1−4, Depsipeptides from the Actinomycete <i>Kutzneria</i> sp. 744 Inhabiting Mycorrhizal Roots of <i>Picea </i><i>a</i><i>bies</i> Seedlings (2006)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of culture supernatants of the actinomycete Kutzneria sp. 744 resulted in the isolation of four new depsipeptides (1-4). Structure analysis revealed the general structure: cyclo[2-(1-methylcyclopropyl)-D-glycine-(2S,3aR,8aS)-6,7-dichloro-3a-hydroxy-1,2,3,3a,8,8a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-b]indole-2-carboxylic acid-3-hydroxy-D-glutamic acid-O-methyl-L-serine-L-piperazic acid-(S)-2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutanoic acid]. The 3-hydroxy-d-glutamic acid was present as its threo-isomer in 1 and 2 and as its erythro-isomer in 3 and 4. The piperazic acid was modified to its (R)-4-chloro analogue in 2 and to its C-5/N unsaturated analogue in 4. Compounds 1-4 displayed moderate spore germination inhibiting activity against several common root-rotting fungi.
Analysis Of The Spectral Variations In Repeated Head-Related Transfer Function Measurements (2013)

Presented at the 19th International Conference on Auditory Display (ICAD2013) on July 6-9, 2013 in Lodz, Poland.
BPEL4Chor: Extending BPEL for Modeling Choreographies (2007)

The business process execution language (BPEL) is a language to orchestrate web services into a single business process. In a choreography view, several processes are interconnected and their interaction behavior is described from a global perspective. This paper shows how BPEL can be extended for defining choreographies. The proposed extensions (BPEL4Chor) distinguish between three aspects: (i) participant behavior descriptions, i.e. control flow dependencies in each participant, (ii) the participant topology, i.e. the existing participants and their interconnection using message links and (iii) participant groundings, i.e. concrete configurations for data formats and port types. As BPEL itself is used unchanged, the extensions facilitate a seamless integration between service choreographies and orchestrations. The suitability of the extensions is validated by assessing their support for the Service Interaction Patterns.