gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Code compression (1997)

Current research in compiler optimization counts mainly CPU time and perhaps the first cache level or two. This view has been important but is becoming myopic, at least from a system-wide viewpoint, as the ratio of network and disk speeds to CPU speeds grows exponentially.For example, we have seen the CPU idle for most of the time during paging, so compressing pages can increase total performance even though the CPU must decompress or interpret the page contents. Another profile shows that many functions are called just once, so reduced paging could pay for their interpretation overhead.This paper describes:&bull; Measurements that show how code compression can save space and total time in some important real-world scenarios.&bull; A compressed executable representation that is roughly the same size as gzipped x86 programs and can be interpreted without decompression. It can also be compiled to high-quality machine code at 2.5 megabytes per second on a 120MHz Pentium processor&bull; A compressed "wire" representation that must be decompressed before execution but is, for example, roughly 21% the size of SPARC code when compressing gcc.
Inspection, Maintenance and Field Repair of Heavy Duty Industrial Gas Turbines (1974)

The expenditures for inspection and maintenance of gas turbines are an important part of the total owning and operating costs. Maintenance outage time should be kept to a minimum. A proper design with adequate ports facilitates visual and boroscope inspection of critical areas. Maintenance outage time can be considerably reduced by special equipment which allows inspection and replacement of bearings and combustor inner parts and balancing of rotors without major disassembly of the unit. The advantages of an indoor installation with overhead crane with respect to maintenance are also discussed in this paper.
Teaching Vocabulary through Collaboration: Students as Independent Readers (2014)

Vocabulary teaching is part of University curriculum at where I teach.The vocabulary teaching practice there has become a persisting problem because of lack of progress in awareness on students' part on the one hand, and failure on teachers' part to facilitate learning through novel tactics on the other.Since learning vocabularies is deemed as a complete experience, teaching vocabularies necessitates encouraging students to learn new words which requires comprehension ability, motivation, learning strategies on students' part.Therefore, a teacher, who is keen on finding new tactics of teaching vocabularies to students, must accommodate students' needs and familiarize with how each individual student is.Moreover, this teacher should ensure students' participation and an increase in the growth of awareness in self learning among students.The purpose of this paper is to probe into failure of the strategies and techniques that have been used repetitively at the institute where I teach in a futile attempt to generate any fruitful output from students at all.This paper seeks to prove how a student centered approach overcomes the setback.For instance, working with students by encouraging discovery technique may boost up students' interest and stimulate their metacognitive awareness.This paper also aims at showing how students could be made to become an independent learner and how that could assist them in vocabulary learning as Kyleen Beers puts rightly "independent readers" are those who are good at inferring meaning of words from the context.A good teacher's first priority is, before anything else, to make students become self learners.Hence this paper, inspired by what goes on in the language classroom of the University where I teach, will try to show how a teacher, who is able to collaborate with his or her students, accomplishes the tough task of teaching vocabulary.
The computer for the 21 <sup>st</sup> century (1999)

Specialized elements of hardware and software, connected by wires, radio waves and infrared, will be so ubiquitous that no one will notice their presence.
The control of miscibility of PP/EPDM blends by adding lonomers and applying dynamic vulcanization (1995)

Abstract The control of miscibility for isotactic polypropylene (PP) and ethylene‐propylene‐diene terpolymer (EPDM) has been attempted by adding poly(ethylene‐comethacrylic acid) (EMA) ionomers and by applying dynamic vulcanization. The rheological properties, crystallization behavior, and morphology of the dynamically vulcanized EPDM/PP/ionomer ternary blends were investigated with a Rheometrics dynamic spectrometer (RDS), a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Two kinds of EMA ionomers neutralized with different metal ions (Na + and ZN ++ ) were investigated. Blends were prepared on a laboratory internal mixer at 190°C. Blending and curing were performed simultaneously, i.e., EPDM was vulcanized with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) in the presence of PP/ionomer. The composition of PP and EPDM was fixed at 50/50 by wt% and the contents of EMA ionomer were vaired from 5 to 20 parts based on the total amount of PP and EPDM. It was found that the addition of ionomers and the application of the dynamic vulcanization were effective in enhancing the miscibility of PP and EPDM. The structure of the blends was controlled by the following three component phases, i.e., the phase of the dynamially valcanized EPDM, PP, and Zn‐neutralized ionomer. The ternary blends showed more miscibility than the PP/EPDM binary blend. This is due to the thermoplastic interpenetrating polymer network (IPN) of the ternary blends. The structure and properties of the ternary blends differed, depending on the types and contents of ionomer, i.e., the ternary blend containing Na‐neutralized ionomer did not show a thermoplastic IPN structure clearly, even though the blend was prepared by dynamic vulcanization. The ternary blend containing Zn‐neutralized ionomer clearly showed the behavior of a thermoplastic IPN when the contents of ionomer and DCP were 15 parts and 1.0 part, respectively.
Direct Investigation of Mg Intercalation into the Orthorhombic V<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub> Cathode Using Atomic-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (2017)

Batteries based on Mg metal anode can promise much higher specific volumetric capacity and energy density compared to Li-ion systems and are, at the same time, safer and more cost-effective. While previous experimental reports have claimed reversible Mg intercalation into beyond Chevrel phase cathodes, they provide limited evidence of true Mg intercalation other than electrochemical data. Transmission electron microscopy techniques provide unique capabilities to directly image Mg intercalation and quantify the redox reaction within the cathode material. Here, we present a systematic study of Mg insertion into orthorhombic V2O5, combining aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) imaging, electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis. We compare the results from an electrochemically cycled V2O5 cathode in a prospective full cell with Mg metal anode with a chemically synthesized MgV2O5 sample. Results suggest that the electrochemically cycled orthorhombic V2O5 cathode shows a local formation of the theoretically predicted ϵ-Mg0.5V2O5 phase; however, the intercalation levels of Mg are lower than predicted. This phase is different from the chemically synthesized sample, which is found to represent the δ-MgV2O5 phase.
A non-parametric Bayesian model for joint cell clustering and cluster matching: identification of anomalous sample phenotypes with random effects (2014)

These results demonstrate that anomalous samples can be identified by ASPIRE with almost perfect accuracy without a priori access to samples of anomalous subtypes in the training set. The ASPIRE approach is unique in its ability to form generalizations regarding normal and anomalous states given only very weak assumptions regarding sample characteristics and origin. Thus, ASPIRE could become highly instrumental in providing unique insights about observed biological phenomena in the absence of full information about the investigated samples.
Not all brains are created equal: the relevance of individual differences in responsiveness to transcranial electrical stimulation (2014)

A current issue in the research of augmentation of brain functions using transcranial electrical stimulation (tES) is the diversity and inconsistency in outcome results. Similar studies often report different results, depending on the parameters and tasks used. Such inconsistencies have led to significant doubts about the efficacy of the method in the broader scientific community, despite its promising potential for patient recovery and treatment. Evidence on the large variability in individual cortical excitability and response to tES suggests that stimulation may affect individuals differently, depending on the subject's age, gender, brain state, hormonal levels, and pre-existing regional excitability. Certain factors might even lead to the reversal of polarity-dependent effects, and therefore have crucial implications for neurorehabilitation and cognitive enhancement. Research paradigms may have to be refined in the future to avoid the confounding effects of such factors.
Lanthanide-Labeled DNA (2005)

ConclusionLanthanides, as alternative probes to conventional fluorophores, can lead to enhanced sensitivity in applications where autofluorescence is a problem. Multiple labeling with lanthanide chelates have been shown to be an effective method for further increases in sensitivity. These probes, being nonisotopic, avoid the many practical problems associated with radioactive probes. Lanthanide probes are particularly advantageous in resonance energy transfer, whether for measuring distances in biocomplexes or when used to generate new lifetime tailored dyes.
Fluorescence rejection by shifted excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (2010)

Raman spectroscopy is often hampered by strong fluorescence background that can easily bury the much weaker Raman signal. One of the most widely used techniques to reject the fluorescence disturbance is the shifted-excitation Raman difference spectroscopy (SERDS), which incorporates multiple wavelengths as excitation sources. This paper proposed a SERDS system with 532 nm and 526.5 nm DPSS lasers and a home-made holographic notch filter. In this system, two lasers illuminate the sample alternatively, and two series of spectra are acquired to generate the difference spectrum. And then a regularization constrained least square algorithm is proposed to reconstruct the conventional Raman spectrum from the difference spectrum. Computer simulation of this algorithm is provided and the preliminary experimental results are presented. It demonstrates that this system can effectively reject the fluorescence.
Report on the 2001-2002 Statistical Survey of Victorian Health Sciences Libraries (2003)

The Statistical Survey of Victorian Health Sciences Libraries was intended to include all Victorian health sciences libraries in clinical and research organisations. It excluded two major components of the Victorian health libraries system, namely Clinicians Health Channel, and the academic libraries.
Cutaneous lymphocyte antigen and α4β7 <scp>T</scp>‐lymphocyte responses are associated with peanut allergy and tolerance in children (2012)

The predominance of the CLA+ response to peanut in peanut allergic patients is consistent with the hypothesis that allergic sensitization occurs through the skin. The predominant α4β7+ response in peanut-tolerant groups suggests that allergen exposure through the GI tract induces tolerance.
Effect of Station Originated Outages in a Composite System Adequacy Evaluation of the IEEE Reliability Test System (1985)

The reliability evaluation of a bulk power system normally includes the independent outages of generating units, transformers and transmission lines. Station originated outages, can, however, also have a significant effect on the composite system adequacy indices. Terminal station related failure events such as failures of breakers, transformers and bus sections are a major cause of multiple outages of major cxxponents (generators and/or transmission lines etc.). This paper illustrates the effects of terminal stations in composite system reliability evaluation by using the IEEE Reliability Test System (RTS). The paper also provides a valuable extension of the original RWS by including switching configurations at each bus.
Heme-induced neutrophil extracellular traps contribute to the pathogenesis of sickle cell disease (2014)

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is characterized by recurring episodes of vascular occlusion in which neutrophil activation plays a major role. The disease is associated with chronic hemolysis with elevated cell-free hemoglobin and heme. The ensuing depletion of heme scavenger proteins leads to nonspecific heme uptake and heme-catalyzed generation of reactive oxygen species. Here, we have identified a novel role for heme in the induction of neutrophil extracellular trap (NET) formation in SCD. NETs are decondensed chromatin decorated by granular enzymes and are released by activated neutrophils. In humanized SCD mice, we have detected NETs in the lungs and soluble NET components in plasma. The presence of NETs was associated with hypothermia and death of these mice, which could be prevented and delayed, respectively, by dismantling NETs with DNase I treatment. We have identified heme as the plasma factor that stimulates neutrophils to release NETs in vitro and in vivo. Increasing or decreasing plasma heme concentrations can induce or prevent, respectively, in vivo NET formation, indicating that heme plays a crucial role in stimulating NET release in SCD. Our results thus suggest that NETs significantly contribute to SCD pathogenesis and can serve as a therapeutic target for treating SCD.
An Interactive 3D Mesh Builder for Fluid Flow Reservoir Simulation (1993)

Summary An original 3D-mesh builder designed to allow users to construct meshes interactively for fluid-flow simulation from a high-resolution geologic model is described. Most available packages use a series of horizontal and vertical 2D sections to build these meshes. Then, 3D visualizations sometimes are created to check the consistency. Our software incorporates a new approach to this problem by making better use of the geologic description, constructing the mesh directly in 3D, and introducing more flexibility in the individual cell geometry.
Applications for Automotive Coatings (2002)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction History of Automotive Coating Automotive Coating Layers Electrocoat Primer Basecoat Properties of Water-borne Binders used for Automotive Coatings Emulsion Polymers Microgels Miniemulsions Selection of Monomers, Initiators, and Surfactants Secondary Acrylic Dispersions Secondary Polyurethane Dispersions Rheology Crosslinking Application Properties Metallic Effect Environmental Aspects and Future Trends
Effect of Medical Treatment in Stroke Patients With Patent Foramen Ovale (2002)

On medical therapy, the presence of PFO in stroke patients did not increase the chance of adverse events regardless of PFO size or the presence of atrial septal aneurysm.
Active Immunization with a Detoxified<i>Escherichia coli</i>J5 Lipopolysaccharide Group B Meningococcal Outer Membrane Protein Complex Vaccine Protects Animals from Experimental Sepsis (2001)

The passive infusion of antibodies elicited in rabbits with a detoxified J5 lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/group B meningococcal outer membrane protein complex vaccine protected neutropenic rats from heterologous lethal gram-negative bacterial infection. In this study, active immunization was studied in neutropenic rats infected with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in the presence or absence of ceftazidime therapy, and with Klebsiella pneumoniae. This vaccine elicited a > 200-fold increase in anti-J5 LPS antibody, which remained elevated throughout the duration of cyclophosphamide-induced neutropenia and for < or = 3 months. There was improved survival among immunized versus control animals: 48% (13/28) versus 7% (2/29) in Pseudomonas-challenged rats; 61% (11/18) versus 0% (0/10) in Pseudomonas- and ceftazidime-treated rats; and 64% (9/14) versus 13% (2/15) in Klebsiella-challenged rats (P < 0.01 for each comparison). Immunized animals had lower levels of bacteria in organs and lower levels of circulating endotoxin at the onset of fever. In conclusion, active immunization with an anti-endotoxin vaccine improved survival after infection with > or = 2 heterologous, clinically relevant bacterial species in immunocompromised animals. Active immunization with this vaccine merits further investigation.
Identification of Possible Pathways for C–C Bond Formation during Electrochemical Reduction of CO<sub>2</sub>: New Theoretical Insights from an Improved Electrochemical Model (2016)

We have carried out a periodic Kohn-Sham density functional theory investigation of the pathways by which carbon-carbon bonds could be formed during the electrochemical reduction of CO2 on Cu(100) using a model that includes the effects of the electrochemical potential, solvent, and electrolyte. The electrochemical potential was set by relating the applied potential to the Fermi energy and then calculating the number of electrons required by the simulation cell for that specific Fermi energy. The solvent was included as a continuum dielectric, and the electrolyte was described using a linearized Poisson-Boltzmann model. The calculated potential of zero charge for a variety of surfaces agrees with experiment to within a mean average error of 0.09 V, thereby validating the assumptions of the model. Analysis of the mechanism for C-C bond formation revealed that at low-applied potential, C-C bond formation occurs through a CO dimer. However, at high applied potentials, a large activation barrier blocks this pathway; therefore, C-C bond formation occurs through reaction of adsorbed CHO and CO. Rate parameters determined from our calculations were used to simulate the kinetics of ethene formation during the electrochemical reduction of CO over a Cu(100) surface. An excellent match was observed between previously reported measurements of the partial current for ethene formation as a function of applied voltage and the variation in the partial current for C-C bond formation predicted by our microkinetic model. The electrochemical model reported here is simple, fairly easy to implement, and involves only a small increase in computational cost over calculations neglecting the effects of the electrolyte and the applied field. Therefore, it can be used to study the effects of applied potential and electrolyte composition on the energetics of surface reactions for a wide variety of electrochemical reactions.
C-Terminal Analogues of Parathyroid Hormone:  Effect of C-Terminus Function on Helical Structure, Stability, and Bioactivity (2006)

We have studied the effects of C-terminal group modifications (amide, methylamide, dimethylamide, aldehyde, and alcohol) on the conformation, adenylyl cyclase stimulation (AC), or binding of parathyroid hormone (hPTH) analogues, hPTH(1-28)NH(2) and hPTH(1-31)NH(2). hPTH(1-31)NH(2) has a C-terminal alpha-helix bounded by residues 17-29 [Chen, Z., et al. (2000) Biochemistry 39, 12766]. In both cases, relative to the natural analogue with a carboxyl C-terminus, the amide and methylamide had increased helix content whereas the dimethylamide forms had CD spectra more similar to the carboxyl one. Conformational effects were more pronounced with hPTH(1-28) than with hPTH(1-31), with increases in helix content of approximately 30% in contrast to 10%. Stabilization of the C-terminal helix of residues 1-28 seemed to correlate with an ability of the C-terminal function to H-bond appropriately. None of the analogues affected the AC stimulating activity significantly, but there was an up to 15-fold decrease in the level of apparent binding of the carboxyl hPTH(1-28) analogue compared to that of the methylamide and a 4-fold decrease in the level of binding of the aldehyde or dimethylamide. There was no significant change in binding activities for the 1-31 analogues. These observations are consistent with previous studies that imply the importance of a region of the hormone's C-terminal alpha-helix for tight binding to the receptor. They also show that modulation of helix stability does have an effect on the binding of the hormone, but only when the C-terminus is at the putative end of the helix. The similarity of AC stimulation even when binding changed 10-fold can be explained by assuming greater efficacy of the weaker binding PTH-receptor complexes in stimulating AC.
Models of permeation in ion channels (2001)

Ion channels are formed by specific proteins embedded in the cell membrane and provide pathways for fast and controlled flow of selected ions down their electrochemical gradient. This activity generates action potentials in nerves, muscles and other excitable cells, and forms the basis of all movement, sensation and thought processes in living beings. While the functional properties of ion channels are well known from physiological studies, lack of structural knowledge has hindered development of realistic theoretical models necessary for understanding and interpretation of these properties. Recent determination of the molecular structures of potassium and mechanosensitive channels from x-ray crystallography has finally broken this impasse, heralding a new age in ion channel studies where study of structure-function relationships takes a central stage. In this paper, we present a critical review of various approaches to modelling of ion transport in membrane channels, including continuum theories, Brownian dynamics, and classical and ab initio molecular dynamics. Strengths and weaknesses of each approach are discussed and illustrated with applications to some specific ion channels.
Conversion of 2,4,6-trinitrophenol to a mutagen by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1979)

A strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa reduced 2,4,6-trinitrophenol (picric acid) to 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol (picramic acid) under anaerobic conditions. Mutagenic assays of picric acid and picramic acid were carried out with histidine-requiring strains of Salmonella typhimurium. Picric acid (10 micrograms per plate) demonstrated mutagenicity (both frame shift and base substitution-gype mutations) only after activation with a rat liver homogenate preparation. Picramic acid (1 microgram per plate) induced both base pair substitution and frame shift-tupe mutations without activation by the rat liver preparation.