gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of the immunopathology of extrinsic, intrinsic and occupational asthma. (1995)

Using immunohistochemistry and a panel of monoclonal antibodies we have compared T lymphocyte, eosinophil, macrophage and neutrophil infiltration and expression of adhesion receptors (ICAM-1, E-selectin and VCAM-1) in bronchial biopsies from 10 intrinsic asthmatics, 9 isocyanate-induced asthmatics, 10 extrinsic asthmatics and 12 normal healthy nonatopic controls. There was a significant increase in the number of CD25+ (interleukin-2 receptor [IL-2R]-bearing) cells (p < 0.01) in isocyanate-induced asthma compared with that of controls. There were also significant increases in MBP+ cells (p < 0.02) and EG2+ cells (p < 0.01), which represent total and activated eosinophils. CD25+ (p < 0.01), MBP+ (p < 0.03) and EG2+ (p < 0.01) cells were also elevated in extrinsic asthma. An intense mononuclear cell infiltrate was identified in intrinsic asthmatics with an increase in the number of CD45+ cells (total leukocytes), CD3+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD68+ macrophages (p < 0.03, p < 0.01, p < 0.03 and p < 0.03, respectively), compared with normal controls. CD25+ cells (IL-2R+) and the number of MBP+ and actively secreting eosinophils were also increased in intrinsic asthmatics compared with normal controls (p < 0.01, p < 0.01 and p < 0.01, respectively). EG2+ cell numbers in intrinsic asthma correlated with the Aas symptom score (r = 0.65, p < 0.05), where EG2+ cell numbers in intrinsic and extrinsic asthmatics correlated with airways methacholine responsiveness (r = -0.5, p < 0.03) and the Aas symptom score (r = 0.54, p < 0.03). There was constitutive expression of ICAM-1, E-selectin and VCAM-1 in patients with asthma (intrinsic and extrinsic) and normal controls. Compared with controls, ICAM-1 and E-selectin staining in the submucosa was increased in intrinsic asthma both for intensity (p < 0.02, p < 0.05) and extent of staining (p < 0.01, p < 0.05). Epithelial expression of ICAM-1 was more frequent in asthmatics than control subjects (p < 0.05). These results suggest that T cell activation and eosinophil infiltration are features common to asthma of diverse etiology. There appears to be a complex pattern in in vivo of regulation for ICAM-1, E-selectin and VCAM-1, where they may reflect the degree of ongoing inflammation in asthma.
Passive control of coherent vortices in compressible mixing layers (1993)

Passive control of coherent vortex formation is demonstrated in three axisymmetric compressible mixing layers. The layers are created (1) between Mach 2 and Mach 1.3 co-flowing supersonic jets, (2) between Mach 3 and Mach 1.3 jets, or (3) by a free flowing Mach 2 supersonic jet. All the supersonic jets are fully expanded in the experiments. The convective Mach numbers were 0.23, 0.47, and 0.85 respectively. In the first two cases which use coaxial jets, coherent vortex formation is controlled by having a finite-thickness nozzle lip and varying its thickness. The interaction between the lipcreated wake and the shear flow results in highly coherent large-scale structures. The lip thickness is systematically varied and the resulting compressible shear layers are visualized using a planar Mie scattering technique. The Mie scattering images are digitized and processed using the Fast Fourier transform to quantify the streamwise 'd wavelength. The results show that the streamwise wavelength varies monotonically with the lip thickness. Lastly, a novel use of a resonating cavity is described for passively controlling free shear layers. The technique is successfully demonstrated. The cavity draws the acoustic energy from the supersonic jet noise and amplifies certain frequency oscillations by the acoustic resonance. When forced in this manner, the spreading rate of the compressible shear layer is drastically increased.
Acétylcarnitine et spermatozoïdes : relation avec la maturation épididymaire et la mobilité chez le verrat et l'homme (1988)

The level of carnitine and acetylcarnitine in spermatozoa of boar epididymal origin and of human ejaculates was demonstrated. In the epididymal fluid of boars, the concentration of carnitine (nmol/mg protein) began to increase from 20 in the distal caput to rise progressively to 700 in the distal cauda. By contrast, the carnitine content of spermatozoa only started to increase in the proximal cauda where the concentration of carnitine in the fluid was 200-300 nmol/mg protein, then gradually increased in spermatozoa from more distal sites. The increase in the acetylcarnitine content of spermatozoa paralleled that of the carnitine amount, represented 50% of total carnitine (carnitine + acetylcarnitine) and coincided with the acquisition of progressive motility. In two populations of human seminal spermatozoa selected by migration and characterised by a very large difference in their percentage of progressively motile cells, higher carnitine and acetylcarnitine contents (40%) were found in migrated spermatozoa compared to the residual population. These results suggest that accumulation of carnitine and its metabolite may be an important factor in the acquisition and the maintenance of progressive motility. Measurement of acetylcarnitine content of human seminal spermatozoa could be used as a marker of epididymal maturation.
A Transcutaneous P<sub>o2</sub>Electrode Incorporating a Thermal Clearance Local Blood Flow Sensor (1978)

Several possible methods for estimating and recording skin blood flow by thermal clearance are presented. The method chosen for trial with an O2 electrode was to thermoregulate an annular anode which covered the cathode, surrounding it like a heat shell, and to measure the cooling of the cathode by blood flow, by implanting a thermistor near the surface of the cathode. This device is far less affected by ambient temperature than is simple measurement of heating power in an uninsulated tcPO2 electrode.
Organo-amine Surfactant Salts as Hydration Suppressants for Reactive Clay (2005)

Organo-amine surfactant salts are gaining widespread use as clay inhibitors in water-based drilling fluids. Organo-amine surfactant salts are effective clay hydration suppressants (CHS) and suitable alternatives to halide-containing additives such as sodium and potassium chloride . These materials have also been used to modify clayey soil non-oilfield industries such as agriculture and highway construction. This paper discusses the mechanisms by which organo-amine additives inhibit reactive clays. Clays have very good sorption properties, which are influenced by the clay’s total charge, chemical composition and surface area. Specific surface area and cation exchange capacity are interrelated and control the adsorption rate of clay. The chemistry and charge density of t he CHS influences the optimum flocculation point and molecular coverage of the clayey surface. Th e paper also discusses the application of organo amine CHS in stabilizing reactive clays and gumbo when drilling with water-based muds (WBM) . The CHS have proven effective in stabilizing reactive clays, providing greater tolerance to solids contamination, reducing dilution rates and improved management of drilling fluid properties. Additionally, these additives are used with increased frequency in drill-in and completion fluid applications to stabilize reactive clays in the reservoir.
A study of android application security (2011)

The fluidity of application markets complicate smart-phone security. Although recent efforts have shed light on particular security issues, there remains little insight into broader security characteristics of smartphone ap-plications. This paper seeks to better understand smart-phone application security by studying 1,100 popular free Android applications. We introduce the ded decom-piler, which recovers Android application source code directly from its installation image. We design and exe-cute a horizontal study of smartphone applications based on static analysis of 21 million lines of recovered code. Our analysis uncovered pervasive use/misuse of person-al/phone identifiers, and deep penetration of advertising and analytics networks. However, we did not find ev-idence of malware or exploitable vulnerabilities in the studied applications. We conclude by considering the implications of these preliminary findings and offer di-rections for future analysis. 1
Phosphorylation of Right Open Reading Frame 2 (Rio2) Protein Kinase by Polo-like Kinase 1 Regulates Mitotic Progression (2011)

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays essential roles during multiple stages of mitosis by phosphorylating a number of substrates. Here, we report that the atypical protein kinase Rio2 is a novel substrate of Plk1 and can be phosphorylated by Plk1 at Ser-335, Ser-380, and Ser-548. Overexpression of Rio2 causes a prolonged mitotic exit whereas knockdown of Rio2 accelerates mitotic progression, suggesting that Rio2 is required for the proper mitotic progression. Overexpression of phospho-mimicking mutant Rio2 S3D but not the nonphosphorylatable mutant Rio2 S3A displays a profile similar to that of wild-type Rio2. These results indicate that the phosphorylation status of Rio2 correlates with its function in mitosis. Furthermore, time-lapse imaging data show that overexpression of Rio2 but not Rio2 S3A results in a slowed metaphase-anaphase transition. Collectively, these findings strongly indicate that the Plk1-mediated phosphorylation of Rio2 regulates metaphase-anaphase transition during mitotic progression.
Prognostic influence of tumor‐associated eosinophilic infiltrate in colorectal carcinoma (2000)

BACKGROUND In 1983, Pretlow et al. reported one classical study of the prognostic influence of eosinophil infiltration in human colon carcinoma. Since then, very few reports have analyzed this supposed prognostic influence in this type of tumor, although there have been several reports of other types of tumors with different results. Eosinophils seem to play a central role in the immunologic defense against tumors; their activity can be induced through immunotherapy with interleukin in cases that are unresponsive to conventional therapies. METHODS To analyze the prognostic influence of eosinophils in colorectal carcinoma, the authors selected 126 patients with this type of tumor treated only with curative surgery and followed for a minimal period of 5 years. They divided these patients into 4 categories according to the number of eosinophils per high-power field (400×): 0 (Grade 1), 1–9 (Grade 2), 10–50 (Grade 3), and more than 50 (Grade 4). RESULTS The results of this series confirm that high eosinophil counts are associated with a significantly better prognosis. In multivariate analysis, this factor was independent from staging, vascularization, p53 expression, and histologic grade. CONCLUSIONS Eosinophil count served as a significant independent favorable prognosticator in colorectal carcinoma patients. Cancer 2000;88:1544–8. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Fabrication of large-scale single-crystal bismuth telluride (Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub>) nanosheet arrays by a single-step electrolysis process (2014)

Nanolizing of thermoelectric materials is one approach to reduce the thermal conductivity and hence enhance the figure of merit. Bismuth telluride (Bi₂Te₃)-based materials have excellent figure of merit at room temperature. For device applications, precise control and rapid fabrication for the nanostructure of thermoelectric materials are essential issues. In the present study, we demonstrate a one-step electrolysis process to directly form Bi₂Te₃ nanosheet arrays (NSAs) on the surface of bulk Bi₂Te₃ with controllable spacing distance and depth by tuning the applied bias and duration. The single sheet of NSAs reveals that the average thickness and electrical resistivity of single crystalline Bi₂Te₃ in composition are 399.8 nm and 137.34 μΩ m, respectively. The formation mechanism of NSAs has been proposed. A 1.12% efficiency of quantum dot-sensitized solar cells with Bi₂Te₃ NSAs for counter electrode has been demonstrated, indicating that Bi₂Te₃ NSAs from top-down processing with a high ratio of surface area to volume are a promising candidate for possible applications such as thermoelectrics, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), and lithium-ion batteries.
Architecture for a multipurpose guideline execution engine. (1999)

Integration of guideline knowledge into the clinical workflow is essential, for improving adherence to guidelines. Guidelines in structured formats can be utilized by computer programs to provide decision support in clinical information systems, as well as to facilitate workflow. We have designed an architecture for a flexible guideline execution engine that can be utilized in clinical decision support applications. The engine may be utilized for other applications such as referral management, medical education, and conducting clinical trials. The engine executes guidelines that are defined in an extension of the Guideline Interchange Format (GLIF). GLIF was extended to support representation of constructs that are essential to the execution of the guideline. A prototype of the engine was implemented based on this architecture. The engine is being utilized in two clinical applications that draw on guidelines for decision support. The engine was also used for developing an educational application aimed at testing knowledge of guideline recommendations.
The Role of Important Values and Predominant Identity in the Dress Practices of Female Muslim Students Attending a South African University (2015)

This study explores the role of important values and predominant identity in the dress practices of female Muslim students attending a university in South Africa. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire using a purposive convenience sample of 200 female Muslim students. A cluster analysis was used to divide participants into groups based on their dress practices. The sample could be divided into two groups: those who follow less modest and those who follow more modest dress practices. An independent t-test was calculated to determine if there was a significant difference between the important values and predominant identity of the less modest and more modest groups. The results revealed differences in the significance of certain values and predominant identity. The more modest group placed more importance on religious values, while the less modest group attributed more importance to social values than the more modest group. For the more modest group their Muslim identity was more predominant than for the less modest group. Despite these differences, both groups tended to communicate a hybrid identity, as aspects of Islamic and Western thought and behavior were synthesized in each individual’s dress practice. The study offers benefits to scholars interested in the social-cultural aspects of clothing by showing how people manipulate their appearances and cultural forms to create a specific reality and to adapt to multicultural environments (e.g. campuses).
Information Extraction From Multi-Modality Medical Imaging (1988)

Two information. extraction methods were applied to selected diagnostic medical images obtained from different imaging. modalities. Sample images consisted of magnetic resonance tomograms, transmission computed tomograms, and emission computed tomograms of patients with focal and generalized brain abnormalities. Color composite analysis applied to image pairs afforded a limited but potentially useful approach to enable rapid, objective. depiction of relative and absolute contribu-tions from dualmodality parameters. Cluster analysis applied to image pairs or triplets was computationally more demanding, but this approach afforded a method for objective classification of tissues that could be generalized. Technical problems arise from patient factors and machine factors. Patient factors include motion and positioning. Machine factors include resolution, orientation, format, registration and scaling.
Simultaneous In Situ Measurement of Temperature and Relative Humidity in a PEMFC Using Optical Fiber Sensors (2010)

The development, implementation, and demonstration of in-fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors for a simultaneous measurement of temperature and relative humidity (RH) in an operating polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) are presented. Etched fiber, polymer-coated FBG sensors with fast response and high sensitivity are installed in situ in a minimally invasive manner in the cathode unipolar plate of a single PEMFC with serpentine flow fields. The performance of the fuel cell under transient operating conditions is monitored. Step increases in current induce significantly larger increases in RH near the outlet than near the inlet of the cell, and associated transients within the fuel cell are found on a time scale approaching the sensor response time . The improved response of the technique, together with the significantly improved temperature and RH resolution, provides useful information on the dynamics of heat and water management. The technique is well suited for distributed measurements, and its relatively low cost and nonintrusive character make it a good candidate for practical multipoint monitoring of complete stacks.
TAG, dynamic programming, and the perceptron for efficient, feature-rich parsing (2008)

We describe a parsing approach that makes use of the perceptron algorithm, in conjunction with dynamic programming methods, to recover full constituent-based parse trees. The formalism allows a rich set of parse-tree features, including PCFG-based features, bigram and trigram dependency features, and surface features. A severe challenge in applying such an approach to full syntactic parsing is the efficiency of the parsing algorithms involved. We show that efficient training is feasible, using a Tree Adjoining Grammar (TAG) based parsing formalism. A lower-order dependency parsing model is used to restrict the search space of the full model, thereby making it efficient. Experiments on the Penn WSJ treebank show that the model achieves state-of-the-art performance, for both constituent and dependency accuracy.
Cell-type and promoter-context dependent retinoic acid receptor (RAR) redundancies for RAR beta 2 and Hoxa-1 activation in F9 and P19 cells can be artefactually generated by gene knockouts. (1996)

By using RAR type (alpha, beta, or gamma)-specific synthetic retinoids and a pan-retinoic X receptor (RXR)-specific ligand, we have investigated the contribution of RARs and RXRs in the activation of RA target genes and the differentiation of embryonal carcinoma cells. We demonstrate cell-type- and promoter context-dependent functional redundancies that differ between the three RAR types for mediating the induction of RARbeta2 and Hoxa-1 in wild-type, RARgamma-/- and RARalpha-/- F9 cells and in P19 cells. The extent of redundancy between RARs is further modulated by the synergistic activation of RXRs with a pan-RXR agonist. We also demonstrate that the expression of RARbeta2 is auto-inducible in RARgamma-/- but not in wild-type F9 cells, indicating that the functional redundancies observed between RARs in gene disruption studies can be artefactually generated. Thus, even though all three RARs can functionally substitute each other for inducing the expression of RA target genes and cell differentiation, one RAR can cell-specifically override the activity of the other RARs. Interestingly, only RARgamma can mediate the retinoic acid-induced differentiation of wild-type F9 cells, whereas the differentiation of P19 cells can be mediated by either RARalpha or RARgamma.
Authenticating Computation on Groups: New Homomorphic Primitives and Applications (2014)

In this paper we introduce new primitives to authenticate computation on data expressed as elements in (cryptographic) groups. As for the case of homomorphic authenticators, our primitives allow to verify the correctness of the computation without having to know of the original data set. More precisely, our contributions are two-fold. First, we introduce the notion of linearly homomorphic authenticated encryption with public verifiability and show how to instantiate this primitive (in the random oracle model) to support Paillier’s ciphertexts. This immediately yields a very simple and efficient (publicly) verifiable computation mechanism for encrypted (outsourced) data based on Paillier’s cryptosystem. As a second result, we show how to construct linearly homomorphic signature schemes to sign elements in bilinear groups (LHSG for short). Such type of signatures are very similar to (linearly homomorphic) structure preserving ones, but they allow for more flexibility, as the signature is explicitly allowed to contain components which are not group elements. In this sense our contributions are as follows. First we show a very simple construction of LHSG that is secure against weak random message attack (RMA). Next we give evidence that RMA secure LHSG are interesting on their own right by showing applications in the context of on-line/off-line homomorphic and network coding signatures. This notably provides what seems to be the first instantiations of homomorphic signatures achieving on-line/off-line efficiency trade-offs. Finally, we present a generic transform that converts RMA-secure LHSG into ones that achieve full security guarantees.
Fast Epitaxial Growth of 4H-SiC and Analysis of Defect Transfer (2009)

The transfer and generation of extended defects in 4H-SiC epitaxial growth at a high growth rate are examined. An epilayer with virtually no basal plane dislocations (BPDs) is obtained using 4º off Si-face substrates, although the formation of 3C-polytype inclusions is occasionally observed. The behavior of BPDs and threading screw dislocations (TSDs) in epitaxial growth is also investigated by X-ray topography and transmission electron microscopy, and the propagation of BPDs and conversion and generation of TSDs in the epilayers are discussed.
Narrowing the Gap: An Integrated Approach to Improving Food Security for Vulnerable and Homeless People (2004)

The contributory role that food exclusion ends up playing in social exclusion and vice-versa and their being contrary to human rights is discussed. The need for an integrated inter-sectoral approach to improving food security for the vulnerable and homeless people is highlighted.
Trends in protease inhibition (1988)

G. Fischer, Nat. Prod. Rep., 1988, 5, 465 DOI: 10.1039/NP9880500465
Fast Transcoding from H.264 AVC to High Efficiency Video Coding (2012)

In this paper, we present several strategies for transcoding from H.264/AVC bit streams to High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) bit streams. Because HEVC and AVC share the similar coding architecture, we try to exploit the information in AVC bit streams as much as possible. For inter picture, we utilize the power spectrum based rate-distortion optimization (PS-RDO) model as well as the input residual, modes and motion vectors to estimate the best coding unit (CU) split quad tree, the best prediction unit (PU) mode and the best motion vector of each PU partition For intra picture, we propose to reduce the CU and PU partition candidates. The proposed strategies can significantly reduce the transcoding complexity in terms of reduced processing for RDO evaluations, motion estimation, motion compensation as well as fractional pixel interpolation operations. Experiment results show that the proposed transcoding methods can achieve a good tradeoff between coding efficiency and transcoding complexity.
Postulates in the History of Scienec (1926)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.