gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low temperature wafer bonding for micromechanical applications (1992)

A new class of modified silicon direct bonding processes is presented. The new process step within the bonding procedure involves the use of thin, intermediate layers to decrease the required process temperatures. The bonding process was characterized using oxidized silicon wafers. It was found that very strong bonds at temperatures around 200 degrees C or 350 degrees C can be achieved. Using ammonia-silica solutions, the surface energies achieve values of about 1.6 J/m/sup 2/. The lower bonding strength is compensated by offering a full IC-compatible bonding process. The influence of chemical and temperature treatment on the surface energies is described in detail.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Reduced Oil Accumulation in Cottonseeds Transformed with a <i>Brassica</i> Nonfunctional Allele of a Delta‐12 Fatty Acid Desaturase (<i>FAD2</i>) (2008)

In an effort to better understand the mechanisms that regulate oil accumulation and packaging in seeds, transgenic cotton lines were generated using a Brassica napus nonfunctional delta‐12 fatty acid desaturase ( FAD2 ) gene under control of the phaseolin promoter. Seeds of numerous transgenic plant lines had reduced oil content compared with null‐segregating siblings or nontransformed seeds. Seed oil content was quantified by 1 H‐NMR, and was reduced to 12% or less of seed weight in transgenics from 20% by weight in nontransformed controls. Light‐ and electron‐microscopic analyses of severely lowered lines, showed a reduction in overall cotyledon thickness and a disruption in cellular and subcellular organization. Lipid bodies and protein bodies were fewer in transgenics, and their size and distribution in cells was different than that in nontransformed seeds. Coincident with reduced storage reserves, sucrose levels were elevated in transgenic seeds. The overall effect of oil suppression was to selectively reduce the size of the embryo, but the seed coat and fiber properties remained unaffected in seeds. In fact there was a significant increase in lint percentage in all oil‐suppressed lines examined. Overall we propose that expression of the nonfunctional Bnfad2 allele in cottonseeds disrupts normal oil biosynthesis and provides for redirection of carbon reserves.
Zeta Potential and Its Application to Difficult Waters (1961)

This article discusses zeta potential and its application to difficult waters. Topics covered include: reappraisal of turbidity; reappraisal of coagulation; factors affecting flocculation; stages of flocculation; zeta potential control; zeta potential variations of colloid particles; the nature of zeta potential; determination of electrophoretic mobility and zeta potential; zeta potential control at Waterford; and, hypothesis on coarse turbidity and colloid removal.
Synthesis of Highly Fluorescent Gold Nanoparticles for Sensing Mercury(II) (2007)

Aggregation löscht Fluoreszenz: Mit 11-Mercaptoundecansäure (11-MUA) geschützte Goldnanopartikel (11-MUA-AuNPs) sind deutlich beständiger und fluoreszieren viel stärker als die nichtmodifizierten AuNPs. Nach der Zugabe von 2,6-Pyridindicarbonsäure binden die 11-MUA-AuNPs hoch empfindlich und selektiv an HgII-Ionen, die eine Aggregation induzieren, die zur Fluoreszenzlöschung führt.
Medical Document Classification Based on MeSH (2014)

One of the most challenging projects in information systems is extracting information from unstructured texts, including medical document classification. I am developing a classification algorithm that classifies a medical document by analyzing its content and categorizing it under predefined topics from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH). I collected a corpus of 50 full-text journal articles (N=50) from MEDLINE, which were already indexed by experts based on MeSH. Using natural language processing (NLP), my algorithm classifies the collected articles under MeSH subject headings. I evaluated the algorithm's outcome by measuring its precision and recall of resulting subject headings from the algorithm, comparing results to the actual documents' subject headings. The algorithm classified the articles correctly under 45% to 60% of the actual subject headings and got 40% to 53% of the total subject headings correct. This holds promising solutions for the global health arena to index and classify medical documents expeditiously.
Axonal damage in acute multiple sclerosis lesions (1997)

One of the histological hallmarks of early multiple sclerosis lesions is primary demyelination, with myelin destruction and relative sparing of axons. On the other hand, it is widely accepted that axonal loss occurs in, and is responsible for, the permanent disability characterizing the later chronic progressive stage of the disease. In this study, we have used an antibody against amyloid precursor protein, known to be a sensitive marker of axonal damage in a number of other contexts, in immunocytochemical experiments on paraffin embedded multiple sclerosis lesions of varying ages in order to see at which stage of the disease axonal damage, in addition to demyelination, occurs and may thus contribute to the development of disability in patients. The results show the expression of amyloid precursor protein in damaged axons within acute multiple sclerosis lesions, and in the active borders of less acute lesions. This observation may have implications for the design and timing of therapeutic intervention, one of the most important aims of which must be the reduction of permanent disability.
Hemodynamic effects of continuous <i>versus</i> bolus infusion of terlipressin for portal hypertension: A randomized comparison (2013)

Continuous infusion of terlipressin reduces PVP stably and may become an alternative to traditional bolus injection.
Synthesis and crystallography of the wurtzite form of silicon carbide (1959)

Article Synthesis and crystallography of the wurtzite form of silicon carbide was published on November 1, 1959 in the journal Zeitschrift für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials (volume 111, issue 1-6).
Very-high-speed silicon bipolar transistors with in-situ doped polysilicon emitter and rapid vapor-phase doping base (1995)

We present a detailed study of the performance of very-high-speed silicon bipolar transistors with ultra-shallow junctions formed by thermal diffusion. Devices are fabricated with double-polysilicon self-aligned bipolar technology with U-groove isolation on directly bonded SOI wafers to reduce the parasitic capacitances. Very thin and low resistivity bases are obtained by rapid vapor-phase doping (RVD), which is a vapor diffusion technique using a source gas of B/sub 2/H/sub 6/. Very shallow emitters are formed by in-situ phosphorus doped polysilicon (IDP) emitter technology with rapid thermal annealing (RTA). In IDP emitter technology, the emitters are formed by diffusion from the in-situ phosphorus doped amorphous silicon layer. Fabricated transistors are found to have ideal I-V characteristics, large current gain and low emitter resistance for a small emitter. Furthermore, a minimum ECL gate delay time of 15 ps is achieved using these key techniques. Analyses of the high performance using circuit and device simulations indicate that the most effective delay components of an ECL gate are cut-off frequency and base resistance. A high cut-off frequency is achieved by reducing the base width and active collector region. In this study, RVD is used to achieve both high cut-off frequency and low base resistance at the same time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Purification and characterization of the NS3 serine protease domain of hepatitis C virus expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1997)

cDNA encoding the putative core of the hepatitis C virus NS3 serine protease domain (residues 1-181 of NS3; NS3 (181)) was expressed as an N-terminally (His)6-tagged fusion protein in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. NS3 (181) protease activity was found in soluble cell lysates, and the N-terminal metal-chelating domain facilitated the efficient purification of active enzyme, using immobilized metal affinity chromatography. The purified NS3(181), protease activity was characterized by assaying the trans-cleavage of in vitro transcription-translation generated substrates, and subsequently a previously unobserved cleavage site within the NS5A region was identified. The inhibitory effect of known protease inhibitors was also examined. It is hoped that availability of this method for the expression and purification of the NS3(181) protease will facilitate the development of anti-hepatitis C therapies.
BIOSIS Launches BiologyBrowser Portal (2003)

The single-chain variable fragment (scFv) against lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (LOX-1) is a promising molecule for its potential use in the diagnosis and immunotherapy of atherosclerosis. Producing this scFv in several milligram amounts could be the starting point for further engineering and application of the scFv. In this study, the abundant expression of the anti-LOX-1 scFv was attempted using <i>Escherichia coli</i> (<i>E. coli</i>) and <i>Brevibacillus choshinensis (B. choshinensis)</i>. The scFv had limited soluble yield in <i>E. coli</i>, but it was efficiently secreted by <i>B. choshinensis</i>. The optimized fermentation was determined using the Plackett-Burman screening design and response surface methodology, under which the yield reached up to 1.5 g/l in a 5-L fermentor. Moreover, the properties of the scFvs obtained from the two expression systems were different. The antigen affinity, transition temperature, and particle diameter size were 1.01E-07 M, 55.2 ± 0.3°C, and 9.388 nm for the scFv expressed by <i>B. choshinensis</i>, and 4.53E-07 M, 52.5 ± 0.3°C, and 13.54 nm for the scFv expressed by <i>E. coli</i>. This study established an efficient scale-up production methodology for the anti-LOX-1 scFv, which will boost its use in LOX-1-based therapy.
Ac Surface Photovoltages in Strongly-Inverted Oxidized p-Type Silicon Wafers<sup>*</sup> (1984)

Surface photovoltages in Si wafers excited with a chopped 559 nm-wavelength photon beam are analysed using a new half-sided junction model. In this model, the wafer surface with the depletion layer is considered to be one half of the p-n junction. Chopping frequency ranges from 2 Hz through 20 kHz. Four 76 mm-diameter p-type Si wafers having resistivities of 260, 92, 17 and 1.0 mΩ m are used after forming 360 nm-thick wet-oxide layer on their front surfaces. In these wafers, photovoltage increases with resistivity. In three high-resistivity wafers with strongly-inverted surfaces, the inversion capacitances and conductances limit the photovoltages at low frequencies. The obtained inversion time-constant is 7 s for the 17 mΩ m wafer.
Low-Quiescent Current Class-AB CMOS LDO Voltage Regulator (2018)

A low-quiescent current output-capacitorless class-AB CMOS low-dropout voltage regulator (LDO) capable to source/sink current to/from the load is presented, which is suitable for hybrid or linear-assisted structures utilized in envelope elimination and restoration (EER) applications. The proposed LDO regulator is designed and characterized in 0.18 μm CMOS process to provide a 1 V stable output voltage with 200 mV dropout without any off-chip output capacitor and can deliver a current range of 160 mA between -80 mA and +80 mA to the load, while consumes only 1.8 μA quiescent current.
Polysaccharides of <i>Chlorella pyrenoidosa</i> (1962)

HEAVY-METAL IONS AND p-GLUCURONIDASE 509
Cross-linking Electrospun Polydioxanone-Soluble Elastin Blends: Material Characterization (2008)

The purpose of this study was to establish whether material properties of elastin co-electrospun with polydioxanone (PDO) would change over time in both the uncross-linked state and the cross-linked state. First, uncross-linked scaffolds were placed in phosphate buffered saline (PBS) for three separate time periods: 15 minutes, 1 hour, and 24 hours, and subsequently tested using uniaxial materials testing. Several cross-linking reagents were then investigated to verify their ability to crosslink elastin: 1–ethyl-3–(dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC), ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether (EGDE), and genipin. Uniaxial tensile testing was performed on scaffolds cross-linked with EDC and genipin, yielding results that warranted further investigation for PDO-elastin blends. Material properties of the cross-linked scaffolds were then found within range of both pig femoral artery and human femoral artery. These results demonstrate PDO-elastin blends could potentially be favorable as vascular grafts, thus warranting future in vitro and in vivo studies.
Preconcentration of submicrogram amounts of metals from natural waters for x-ray energy spectrometric determination using pyrrolidinecarbodithioic acid (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreconcentration of submicrogram amounts of metals from natural waters for x-ray energy spectrometric determination using pyrrolidinecarbodithioic acidThomas. Tisue, Charles. Seils, and R. Thomas. KeelCite this: Anal. Chem. 1985, 57, 1, 82–87Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00279a024https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00279a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views38Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Inherent Limitations of Hydraulic Tomography (2010)

We offer a cautionary note in response to an increasing level of enthusiasm regarding high-resolution aquifer characterization with hydraulic tomography. We use synthetic examples based on two recent field experiments to demonstrate that a high degree of nonuniqueness remains in estimates of hydraulic parameter fields even when those estimates are based on simultaneous analysis of a number of carefully controlled hydraulic tests. We must, therefore, be careful not to oversell the technique to the community of practicing hydrogeologists, promising a degree of accuracy and resolution that, in many settings, will remain unattainable, regardless of the amount of effort invested in the field investigation. No practically feasible amount of hydraulic tomography data will ever remove the need to regularize or bias the inverse problem in some fashion in order to obtain a unique solution. Thus, along with improving the resolution of hydraulic tomography techniques, we must also strive to couple those techniques with procedures for experimental design and uncertainty assessment and with other more cost-effective field methods, such as geophysical surveying and, in unconsolidated formations, direct-push profiling, in order to develop methods for subsurface characterization with the resolution and accuracy needed for practical field applications.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Furodysin and (±)-Furodysinin (1987)

Abstract Furodysin and furodysinin, marine origin furanosesquiterpenes having a unique carbocyclic ring system, have been first synthesized as racemic forms from a cis-decalone derivative.
Studies on metal hydroxy compounds. II. Infrared spectra of zinc derivatives ϵ-Zn(OH)<sub>2</sub>, β-ZnOHCl, ZnOHF, Zn<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>, and Zn<sub>5</sub>(OH)<sub>8</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O (1967)

Infrared spectra of ϵ-Zn(OH) 2 , β-ZnOHCl, ZnOHF, Zn 5 (OH) 8 Cl 2 , and Zn 5 (OH) 8 Cl 2 ·H 2 O and their deuterated analogues in the range 2.5–16 μ are reported for the first time. The effects of substituting a halogen for an OH group in Zn(OH) 2 are (i) sharper OH stretching absorption bands, (ii) splitting of bands involving OH to give distinct doublets in ZnOHF and Zn 5 (OH) 8 Cl 2 , indicating strong intermolecular coupling, and (iii) shift of the OH stretching vibration to a higher frequency. Strong absorption bands are observed in the region of 695–780 cm −1 for all compounds and also near 1 020 ± 30 cm −1 in all cases except ZnOHCl. All the observed bands are displaced to lower frequencies by the deuterated analogues, with v H /v D ratios in the range 1.30–1.36. A cursory interpretation of the spectra of ZnOHCl and ZnOHF is given in terms of a planar molecule of C s symmetry, but the unambiguous assignment of the bands must await a site group or group factor analysis.
Involvement of Sensorimotor, Limbic, and Associative Basal Ganglia Domains in L-3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine-Induced Dyskinesia (2005)

Dyskinesia represents a debilitating complication of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa) therapy for Parkinson's disease. Such motor manifestations are attributed to pathological activity in the motor parts of basal ganglia. However, because consistent funneling of information takes place between the sensorimotor, limbic, and associative basal ganglia domains, we hypothesized that nonmotor domains play a role in these manifestations. Here we report the changes in 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) accumulation in the sensorimotor, limbic, and associative domains of basal ganglia and thalamic nuclei of four groups of nonhuman primates: normal, parkinsonian, parkinsonian chronically treated with L-dopa without exhibiting dyskinesia, and parkinsonian chronically treated with L-dopa and exhibiting overt dyskinesia. Although nondyskinetic animals display a rather normalized metabolic activity, dyskinetic animals are distinguished by significant changes in 2-DG accumulation in limbic- and associative-related structures and not simply in sensorimotor-related ones, suggesting that dyskinesia is linked to a pathological processing of limbic and cognitive information. We propose that these metabolic changes reflect the underlying neural mechanisms of not simply motor dyskinesias but also affective, motivational, and cognitive disorders associated with long-term exposure to L-dopa.
An Overview of Nanoscale Silicon Reactive Composites Applied to Microengergetics (2010)

The reactive properties of composite materials change dramatically at scales below about 100 nm, in contrast to other applications of nanomaterials where physical properties such as melting point are expected to change at length scales less than about 10 nm. Nanoenergetic composites, or nanoenergetics, have high surface areas, small diffusion scales, and consequently dramatically faster reaction rates. Aluminum-fueled nanoenergetics have been widely studied, while other possible fuels such as silicon has received much less study. Silicon has particular appeal to microscale energetic (microenergetics) applications because it has the capability of being intimately integrated into micro-scale devices such as Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) for application to microthrusters, actuators, drug delivery, etc. Microscale gaseous combustion is widely studied and is applied to applications where length scales are on the order of millimeters. Some energetic materials can selfpropagate in microchannels on the order of hundreds of micrometers, making them of interest for unique applications. In this paper the current state of nanoscale silicon (nSi), including reactive nanoporous silicon (nPSi) reactives is reviewed and recent experimental results from our group is presented. Both nSi and nPSi reactive systems are shown to propagate in scales on the order of a hundred micrometers.
Hall nano-probes fabricated by focused ion beam (2006)

Hall magnetometers with active areas down to 100 x 100 nm(2) were fabricated patterning gold and Si-doped GaAs films by focused ion beam. For GaAs probes, electrical characterization shows that the magnetic flux sensitivity is better than 10(-2)Phi(0) at room temperature. Hall nano-probes made of gold can work down to liquid helium temperature with magnetic flux sensitivity 10(-1)Phi(0).
Analysis of curved optical waveguides by conformal transformation (1975)

The method of conformal transformations is applied to the analysis of waveguide bends. Equivalent structures are obtained that permit solution by traditional methods of optical waveguide analysis. Losses associated with both curvature and with the transition from straight to curved guides are discussed and simple first-order expressions that describe the dependence of the losses on waveguide parameters are derived.
Early Lessons from a Voice-Only Interface for Finding Movies (2018)

The current generation of streaming media players often allow users to speak commands (e.g., users can change the TV channel by pressing a button and saying "ESPN"). However, these devices typically support a narrow range of control- and search-oriented commands, and do not support deeper recommendation or exploration queries. To study spoken natural language interactions with recommenders, we have built MovieLens TV, a movie recommender system with no input modalities except voice. In this poster, we describe MovieLens TV, with a focus on lessons learned building a prototype system around an off-the-shelf Amazon Echo.
Cloning and expression of a rat cardiac delayed rectifier potassium channel. (1991)

We have cloned a cDNA (designated RAK) coding for a delayed-rectifier K current (IRAK) from adult rat heart atrium and expressed it in Xenopus oocytes. RAK differs from the cloned rat brain K current, BK2 [McKinnon, D. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 8230-8236], by one amino acid at residue 411. RAK expressed in oocytes compares closely to the intrinsic adult rat atrial delayed-rectifier current measured by using whole-cell recording of single isolated cells. Northern blot analysis confirmed the presence of the channel in adult rat atrium, and to a lesser extent, in rat ventricle. IRAK activates with time constants ranging from 58 ms at -20 mV to 6 ms at +60 mV and does not show significant inactivation over 800 ms. It is blocked by 4-aminopyridine greater than barium much greater than tetraethylammonium chloride, which is similar to the relative potencies of these blockers on the native delayed rectifier current. We conclude that the main delayed rectifier K current in adult rat atria is virtually identical to a neuronal delayed rectifier, BK2.
An Information-Processing Theory of Mental Imagery: A Case Study in the New Mentalistic Psychology (1980)

Mental imagery has been on the defensive for the last fifty years. Philosophers have argued that talk of mental images invites systematic confusion, that such talk is at best metaphorical, and that it consequently creates only an unfortunate illusion of explanation when it is taken literally. Such a prioristic objections ought to carry less weight in the case of experimental studies of imagery since empirical findings are likely to supply nonmetaphorical content where it is needed. Nevertheless, the same sorts of criticism have been put forward against experimental efforts. Added to this is a suspicion that mental imagery is not compatible with a strictly computational account of mental processes and hence it is out of step with the most promising research occurring in cognitive psychology. So, even in the case of experimental studies, there is a presumptive burden of argument on those who take mental imagery seriously.