gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Four-State Markov Frame Error Model for the Wireless Physical Layer (2007)

Wireless network analysis and simulations rely on simple yet accurate physical layer models. In this paper, a new four-state Markov model is proposed for the flat Rayleigh fading channel by approximating the good/bad frame run length distributions with a mixture of geometric distributions. The transition probabilities in the four-state model can be analytically established without having to run extensive physical layer simulations. This greatly simplifies the process of model establishment. Physical layer good/bad frame run length distributions are compared and it is shown that the four-state Markov model reasonably approximates the run length distributions. Ns2 simulations are performed and comparisons are made with the popular two-state Markov model and also the finite state Markov chain model.
Gold Complexes for Therapeutic Purposes: an Updated Patent Review (2010-2015) (2016)

Gold has always aroused great interest in the history of mankind. It has been used for thousands of years for jewelry, religious cult valuables, durable goods and in the art world. However, few know that such a precious and noble metal was exploited in the past by the ancients also for its therapeutic properties. More recently, in the twentieth century some complexes containing gold centers in the oxidation state +1 were studied for the treatment of the rheumatoid arthritis and the orally-administered drug Auranofin was approved by the FDA in 1985. From the chemical point of view, gold derivatives deserve special attention due to the unique position of this metal within the periodic table, which results in unconventional relativistic effects and, ultimately, in the highest electronegativity, electron affinity and redox potential among all metals. In this review, after an introduction concerning the use of gold complexes in medicine, we have examined all the patents internationally or nationally published in the years 2010-2015 (until December 31, 2015) and describing new inorganic compounds containing gold(I) and gold(III) with proved therapeutic properties. These patents were filed to mainly protect compounds with promising anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities (total 18 and 4, respectively). In particular, this work explores both coordination compounds containing ligands with various donor atoms (e.g., N-, O-, S- and -P) and organo-gold derivatives with at least one Au-C bond. The toxicological profile and the intracellular targets reported for some among the patented gold derivatives are discussed.
Exome sequencing reveals frequent inactivating mutations in<i>ARID1A, ARID1B, ARID2</i>and<i>ARID4A</i>in microsatellite unstable colorectal cancer (2014)

ARID1A has been identified as a novel tumor suppressor gene in ovarian cancer and subsequently in various other tumor types. ARID1A belongs to the ARID domain containing gene family, which comprises of 15 genes involved, for example, in transcriptional regulation, proliferation and chromatin remodeling. In this study, we used exome sequencing data to analyze the mutation frequency of all the ARID domain containing genes in 25 microsatellite unstable (MSI) colorectal cancers (CRCs) as a first systematic effort to characterize the mutation pattern of the whole ARID gene family. Genes which fulfilled the selection criteria in this discovery set (mutations in at least 4/25 [16%] samples, including at least one nonsense or splice site mutation) were chosen for further analysis in an independent validation set of 21 MSI CRCs. We found that in addition to ARID1A, which was mutated in 39% of the tumors (18/46), also ARID1B (13%, 6/46), ARID2 (13%, 6/46) and ARID4A (20%, 9/46) were frequently mutated. In all these genes, the mutations were distributed along the entire length of the gene, thus distinguishing them from typical MSI target genes previously described. Our results indicate that in addition to ARID1A, other members of the ARID gene family may play a role in MSI CRC.
Natural Communities of Novel Archaea and Bacteria with a String-of-Pearls-Like Morphology: Molecular Analysis of the Bacterial Partners (2002)

A recently discovered bacterial/archaeal association, growing in a string-of-pearls-like structure, thrives in the cold (approximately 10 degrees C) sulfidic marsh water of the Sippenauer Moor near Regensburg, Bavaria, Germany. It forms characteristic, macroscopically visible globules, the pearls, containing microcolonies of novel euryarchaeota, which are surrounded by mainly filamentous bacteria (C. Rudolph, G. Wanner, and R. Huber, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:2336-2344, 2001). Single pearls in series are connected by white threads. Here we report the first detailed molecular investigations of the taxonomic affiliation of the bacteria contributing to the strings of pearls. Phylogenetic analysis showed the dominance of a single phylotype (clone sipK4) within single pearls most closely related to Thiothrix unzii. The presence of Thiothrix sipK4 as a major constituent of single pearls and of the pearl-connecting white threads was verified by fluorescence in situ hybridization.
Delayed severe multivessel spasm and aborted sudden death after Taxus stent implantation (2005)

Sudden cardiac arrest associated with major spasm of three coronary arteries was observed about 10 hours after Taxus stent insertion in a three vessel lesion and was successfully treated by intracoronary glyceryl trinitrate infusion. This case illustrates a potential risk associated with drug eluting stent and alerts clinicians to the life threatening risk of spasm when stenting multiple vessels with drug eluting stent (especially the Taxus stent).
A happy birthday? (1994)

paediatric Nursing was launched five years ago this month and there were many that said it couldn’t survive. Too small a market, they'[Illegible word]. Not enough paediatric nurse authors. It was as if the speciality was not considered important enough to merit its own journal.
An experimental examination of group history and group support system use on information sharing performance and user perceptions (2002)

A laboratory experiment was conducted in which group history (i.e. established vs. ad hoc groups) and group support system (GSS) use were manipulated. Subjects completed a hidden profile task, i.e. a task where some information is held by all group members prior to the meeting while other information is held only by a subset of the group. No differences in information sharing performance were observed, except that, when compared to ad hoc groups, established groups discussed less information that was initially held by one group member. Established group members were more satisfied than ad hoc group members while those using a GSS were less satisfied than no-technology groups. Group cohesion was found to be positively related to satisfaction across all treatments, while cohesion was positively related to information sharing performance only for ad hoc groups that did not use a GSS. A discussion of the results in the context of prior theory and research is also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive routing of QoS-constrained media streams over scalable overlay topologies (2004)

Current research on Internet-based distributed systems emphasizes the scalability of overlay topologies for efficient search and retrieval of data items, as well as routing amongst peers. However, most existing approaches fail to address the transport of data across these logical networks in accordance with quality of service (QoS) constraints. Consequently, we investigate the use of scalable overlay topologies for routing real-time media streams between publishers and potentially many thousands of subscribers. Specifically, we analyze the costs of using k-ary n-cubes for QoS-constrained routing. Given a number of nodes in a distributed system, we calculate the optimal k-ary n-cube structure for minimizing the average distance between any pair of nodes. Using this structure, we describe a greedy algorithm that selects paths between nodes in accordance with the real-time delays along physical links. We show this method improves the routing latencies by as much as 40%, compared to approaches that do not consider physical link costs. Additionally, we discuss an approach that dynamically repositions nodes in logical space, to improve the likelihood of meeting service requirements on data routed between publishers and subscribers.
The adrenergic blocking effect of certain beta-chloroethyl amines. (1949)

1. A series of β-chloroethyl amines has been studied for evidence of adrenergic blocking activity by their ability to protect mice against lethal doses of epinephrine. Active agents were tested for the production of adrenergic block in cats. 2. From data reported herein and elsewhere, it appears that activity resides in tertiary β-halogenated amines substituted with certain aromatic groups separated by at least one C atom from the N atom. 3. Evidence is presented that dibenamine is transformed slowly in vivo. This does not appear to be responsible for the prolonged action of this and related compounds. 4. The absence of an effect of such adrenergic blocking agents upon the excitatory response of the heart to epinephrine is confirmed using the papillary muscle technique.
Cooperation and Routing in Multi-Hop Networks (2007)

We study the cross-layer problem of combining routing and cooperative diversity in multi-hop, bandwidth- constrained networks with dedicated multiple access. Previous work in cooperative diversity nearly always assumes cooperation to be a positive. We show that in a large scale multi-hop network, cooperation must only be used selectively. Our figure of merit is achievable data rate between a source and destination at a fixed probability of outage. We show that enforcing multiple hops is detrimental to performance, since each extra hop requires bandwidth expansion. This performance can be significantly improved by incorporating a selective cooperative diversity scheme on a one-hop link. On the other hand, the simulation results show that cooperative diversity does not improve performance over a dynamic routing protocol which searches for the optimal, non-diversity, route. Including the search for cooperative nodes into the dynamic route search, however, does further increase flow rates by decreasing the average number of hops and thus decreasing the required bandwidth expansion. This paper therefore points to the importance of an integrated approach to routing and the physical layer in cooperative networks.
A Two-and-Half-Dimensional Model-Based Inversion Algorithm for the Controlled- Source Electromagnetic Data (2007)

Abstract The model-based inversion method for the reconstruction of geometry and conductivity of unknown regions or bodies using marine controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) data is presented. The method has the advantage of using a priori information such as the background conductivity distribution, structural information extracted from seismic and/or gravity measurements, and/or inversion results a priorily derived from a pixel-based inversion method. By incorporating this a priori information, the number of unknown parameters to be retrieved becomes significantly reduced. In this paper, we develop the model-based inversion method by adopting the regularized Gauss-Newton minimization scheme. The robustness of the inversion is enhanced by adopting nonlinear constraints and applying a quadratic line search algorithm to the optimization process. We also introduce the adjoint formulation to calculate the Jacobian matrix with respect to the geometrical parameters. We compare the inversion results obtained by the model-based inversion method with those obtained from the pixel-based inversion method.
Clinical Implications of Phase IV Studies of Antihypertensive Agents. (1992)

Phase IV studies, which are commonly referred to as "postmarketing surveillance (PMS)" or pharma-coepidemiological studies, play an important role in evaluating the long-term safety of medicines. The system for conducting PMS in Japan consists of three components; spontaneous reporting of side effects, "reexamination of newly marketed agents" and "reevaluation of agents used in practice." The reevaluation is to be repeated at given intervals. However, the present system applied for PMS has many problems which must be solved. Particularly in regard to antihypertensive therapy, since most hypertensive patients are required to take antihypertensive agents for the rest of their life, scientifically sound PMS is indispensable. In this article, the present system for PMS in Japan will be overviewed, the preliminary results of prospective phase IV studies which are being conducted to evaluate the long-term efficacy and safety of calcium antagonists will be reported, and some proposals will be mentioned to improve phase IV studies, PMS, on the basis of the preliminary results which are currently available. (Hypertens Res 1992; 15: 121-126)
Evaluation of the Performance of Controlled Release Dosage Forms of Ticlopidine Using<i>In Vitro</i>Intestina] Permeability and Computer Simulations (1994)

Prototype controlled release formulations of ticlopidine hydrochloride were developed, but when administered to humans, these formulations significantly reduced the bioavailability of intact drug in plasma. In order to examine the intestinal permeability characteristics and gastrointestinal metabolism of 14C-ticlopidine, we employed an in vitro diffusion cell system to directly measure the permeation of ticlopidine across various segments of monkey and rabbit intestine. High pressure liquid chromatography was used to determine the amount of intact ticlopidine on both the mucosal and serosal sides of the intestinal tissue. Simulations based upon the known pharmacokinetics of ticlopidine were conducted using STELLA, a modeling program, to provide insight as to the nature of the decreased bioavailability of these ticlopidine CR dosage forms. These simulations indicate that the absorption of intact ticlopidine is a non-linear phenomena, with inordinately large increases in absorbed intact drug with increases in dose. Conversely, decreases in drug available for immediate absorption, as with the controlled release dosage forms, lead to non-linear decreases in bioavailability. Such a finding is very consistent with the extensive first-pass metabolism suggested from the tissue permeability studies.
Snow Creep Pressure on Mast Constructions (1990)

In Norway snow-creep quite often causes damage on mast constructions on hillsides exposed to deep snow-cover. An extensive snow-creep measurement program has therefore been carried out for different constructions at NGI's snow and avalanche research station in Grasdalen during the period 1975 to 1990. Examples from power-line masts and ski-lift masts are shown to illustrate the snow-creep pressure problem. The aim of the research project is to be able to draw up guidelines for the design of masts in snow-creep exposed areas.
Expression of CCR8 is increased in asthma (2010)

There may be a role for CCR8 in the recruitment of T cells to the lung in asthmatics.
Transgenerational Epigenetic Inheritance: Prevalence, Mechanisms, and Implications for the Study of Heredity and Evolution (2009)

This review describes new developments in the study of transgenerational epigenetic inheritance, a component of epigenetics. We start by examining the basic concepts of the field and the mechanisms that underlie epigenetic inheritance. We present a comprehensive review of transgenerational cellular epigenetic inheritance among different taxa in the form of a table, and discuss the data contained therein. The analysis of these data shows that epigenetic inheritance is ubiquitous and suggests lines of research that go beyond present approaches to the subject. We conclude by exploring some of the consequences of epigenetic inheritance for the study of evolution, while also pointing to the importance of recognizing and understanding epigenetic inheritance for practical and theoretical issues in biology.
The active site of human paraoxonase (PON1) (2001)

Ideally we would like to treat people exposed to nerve agents with an enzyme that rapidly destroys nerve agents. The enzymes considered for such a role include human butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), acetylcholinesterase (AChE), carboxylesterase and paraoxonase (PON1). Success has been achieved in endowing BChE with the ability to hydrolyze organophosphates. The G117H mutant of BCHE hydrolyzes sarin and VX, whereas the double mutant G117H/E197Q hydrolyzes soman (Millard et al. Biochemistry 1995; 34: 15925-15933; 1998; 37: 237-247). However, the rates of organophosphate hydrolysis are slow and a faster organophosphate hydrolase is being sought. Native PON1 hydrolyzes paraoxon with a catalytic efficiency, of 2.4 x 10(6) M(-1) x min(-1), and our goal is to improve the organophosphate hydrolase activity of PON1. To achieve this we need to identify the amino acids in the active site of PON1. Using site-directed mutagenesis and expression in human 293T cells, we have identified the following eight amino acids as being essential to PON1 activity: W280, H114, H133, H154, H242, H284, E52 and D53. Fluorescence of PON1 complexed to terbium ion shows that at least one tryptophan is close to the calcium binding site.
FastFabric: Scaling Hyperledger Fabric to 20,000 Transactions per Second (2019)

Blockchain technologies are expected to make a significant impact on a variety of industries. However, one issue holding them back is their limited transaction throughput, especially compared to established solutions such as distributed database systems. In this paper, we re-architect a modern permissioned blockchain system, Hyperledger Fabric, to increase transaction throughput from 3,000 to 20,000 transactions per second. We focus on performance bottlenecks beyond the consensus mechanism, and we propose architectural changes that reduce computation and I/O overhead during transaction ordering and validation to greatly improve throughput. Notably, our optimizations are fully plug-and-play and do not require any interface changes to Hyperledger Fabric.
Model identification in rapid thermal processing systems (1993)

Of the various techniques for controlling the temperature in rapid thermal processing (RTP), model-based control has the greatest potential for attaining the best performance, when the model is accurate. Some system identification methods are introduced to help obtain more accurate models from measured input-output data. For the first identification method, techniques for estimating the parameters (time constant and gain) of a particular physics-based model are presented. For the other, it is shown how to use the input-output measurements to obtain a black-box (autoregressive exogenous) model of the RTP system, which turns out to have better predictive capability. For each problem, the theoretical derivation of the identification technique and assumptions on which it is based are summarized, and experimental results based on data collected from an RTP system are described. Studying the DC response using the identified model led to a reconfiguration of the chamber geometry of the existing RTP system to more effectively distribute the light energy from the lamps.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HIV-1 Tat Promotes Lysosomal Exocytosis in Astrocytes and Contributes to Astrocyte-mediated Tat Neurotoxicity (2016)

Tat interaction with astrocytes has been shown to be important for Tat neurotoxicity and HIV/neuroAIDS. We have recently shown that Tat expression leads to increased glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) expression and aggregation and activation of unfolded protein response/endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in astrocytes and causes neurotoxicity. However, the exact molecular mechanism of astrocyte-mediated Tat neurotoxicity is not defined. In this study, we showed that neurotoxic factors other than Tat protein itself were present in the supernatant of Tat-expressing astrocytes. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry revealed significantly elevated lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes and plasma membrane-associated proteins in the supernatant of Tat-expressing astrocytes. We confirmed that Tat expression and infection of pseudotyped HIV.GFP led to increased lysosomal exocytosis from mouse astrocytes and human astrocytes. We found that Tat-induced lysosomal exocytosis was tightly coupled to astrocyte-mediated Tat neurotoxicity. In addition, we demonstrated that Tat-induced lysosomal exocytosis was astrocyte-specific and required GFAP expression and was mediated by ER stress. Taken together, these results show for the first time that Tat promotes lysosomal exocytosis in astrocytes and causes neurotoxicity through GFAP activation and ER stress induction in astrocytes and suggest a common cascade through which aberrant astrocytosis/GFAP up-regulation potentiates neurotoxicity and contributes to neurodegenerative diseases.
Corona-A Brief Status Report (1977)

Relevant to many practical applications [1] including xerography [2]-[9], the various forms of gas discharge which can occur in asymmetrical gaps (for example, needle-to-plane geometry) have been briefly summarized in this status report. Due to its engineering importance, emphasis have been placed upon corona in atmospheric air, particularly l) the positive glow corona, especially the emerging controversy concerning the role of negative ions, and 2) the negative Trichel pulse corona, particularly the latest research in this field including the transition to sparking. Although a considerable body of knowledge is available, controversies remain, and there are many interesting things left to be done.
Precipitates of Al(III), Sc(III), and La(III) at the Muscovite–Water Interface (2014)

The interaction of Al(III), Sc(III), and La(III) with muscovite-water interfaces was studied at pH 4 and 10 mM NaCl using second harmonic generation (SHG) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). SHG data for Sc(III) and La(III) suggest complete and/or partial irreversible adsorption that is attributed by XPS to the growth of Sc(III) and La(III) hydroxides/oxides on the muscovite surface. Al(III) adsorption appears to coincide with the growth of gibbsite (Al(OH)3) deposits on the muscovite surface, as indicated by the magnitude of the interfacial potential computed from the SHG data. This interpretation of the data is consistent with previous studies reporting the epitaxial growth of gibbsite on the muscovite surface under similar conditions. The implication of our findings is that the surface charge density of mica may change (and in the case of Al(III), even flip sign from negative (mica) to positive (gibbsite)) when Al(III), Sc(III), or La(III) is present in aqueous phases in contact with heterogeneous geochemical media rich in mica-class minerals, even at subsaturation conditions.
Modified Maxwell-Garnett equation for the effective transport coefficients in inhomogeneous media (1998)

The well known Maxwell-Garnett equation for the effective diffusion coefficient in two-phase media (a matrix with spherical inclusions) is modified in order to describe a wide range of experimental situations. This novel approach correctly treats the partial trapping of a diffusing particle by an inclusion as well as the consequences of an energy barrier for the particle penetration into an inclusion.