gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
AIDS and journalism. Trying to tell too clear a story. (1994)

Much in science is complex. Scientists, by definition, work within the realm of complex hypothesis, empirical evidence, and proof. Questions, answers, details, complexities; that is the domain of the scientist. Journalists, on the other hand, are paid to develop and present stories which are clearly read and interpreted by the general public. The mechanics and dynamics of HIV and AIDS are among the most complex scientific challenges in the history of humankind. Journalists calling upon scientists to obtain and report clear, concise, information about the agent and its resulting pandemic are therefore surely not always going to receive simple, readily reportable responses. HIV is a moving target upon which research continues. While there are some definitively affirmative and some definitively negative factors about HIV, the gray areas and speculation remain vast. The author gives a few examples of AIDS stories which the media mishandled because they were trying to tell too clear a story. He then discusses stories flawed because scientists managed to present clear information about which journalists were overly skeptical. In one case, the public was informed that AIDS vaccines were not working, with headlines which insinuated that the vaccines themselves were causing infections. None of the vaccines, however, contained infectious materials. As a result, people became overly fearful of participating in HIV vaccine trials. Coverage of the potential identification of HIV-3 was premature and only scared people, while Rolling Stone magazine's article hypothesizing the origin of HIV via trials of a contaminated polio vaccine in the Belgium Congo in the late 1950s should not have been published. Clear answers about HIV/AIDS are few and far between, but interesting and significant stories can still be found; they are just hard to tell.
Development of neural network based plasma monitoring system for laser welding quality analysis (2003)

Neural networks are shown to be effective in being able to distinguish incomplete penetration-like weld defects by directly analyzing the plasma which is generated on each impingement of the laser on the materials. The performance is similar to that of existing methods based on extracted feature parameters. In each case around 93% of the defects in a database derived from 100 artificially produced defects of known types can be placed into one of two classes: incomplete penetration and bubbling. The present method based on classification using plasma is faster, and the speed is sufficient to allow on-line classification during data collection.
Immunoreactive Dynorphin-(1-8) and Corticotropin-Releasing Factor in Subpopulation of Hypothalamic Neurons (1983)

Immunoreactive corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and dynorphin-(I-8) were visualized in rat hypothalamus by immunohistofluorescence with specific antibodies. In brains from colchicine-treated, adrenalectomized rats, neuronal perikarya with immunoreactive CRF were observed in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus. The CRF occurred together with the dynorphin-(1-8). However, the CRF immunoreactivity occurred only in a subpopulation of the dynorphin-(1-8) immunoreactive cells. These findings suggest that there may be a functional interrelationship of CRF with dynorphin-related opioid peptides and provide further evidence that neurons may contain more than one bioactive substance.
Preparation of 2,5-Bis(alkylamino)-3,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinones (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of 2,5-Bis(alkylamino)-3,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinonesHerbert S. Verter and Joan RogersCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 3, 987–988Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01341a526https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01341a526research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views114Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Challenges and solutions for next generation main memory systems (2009)

Today's high performance computing memory systems mainly consist of with DDR3 DRAMs offering 800 Mb/s to 1600 Mb/s data rates. Extending the performance of these main memory systems beyond the current data rate is quite challengeable as the signal integrity issues with physical channel remains relatively constant compared to the device performance which improves as process advances. This paper presents three key technologies which help the current memory architecture to reach the data rates of 1600~3200 Mb/s without sacrificing memory capacity, increasing power consumption, or switching to more advanced differential signaling. These key features include FlexPhasetrade timing adjustment to eliminate trace length matching, dynamic point-to-point signaling to increase memory capacity at high data rates, and near ground signaling to reduce IO signaling power. This paper demonstrates the benefits of these features from signal and power integrity point of view.
<title>Computational approach to sensor/actuator location for feedback control of fluid flow systems</title> (1995)

In this paper, we discuss a computational approach to sensor/estimator design for feedback control of fluid dynamic systems. This approach is based on combining minmax compensator design with piecewise constant approximations of 'optimal feedback gains'. A driven cavity flow control problem is presented to illustrate the idea and to demonstrate the feasibility of this approach.
Multilevel distributed genetic algorithms (1995)

Some problems are very difficult to solve by mathematical programming approaches. A genetic algorithm (GA) is an extremely powerful optimization technique that could be used to solve such problems, but its efficiency is dependent on its ability to do a large number of evaluations in a reasonable amount of time. A classical GA contains three basic operators-reproduction, crossover and mutation. To increase the efficiency of a genetic algorithm the influence of migration in a multilevel distributed GA (MDGA) was tested. Several different structures of PC computers connected in a local area network (LAN) were used for the MDGAs. MDGAs use the power of the computers better than one-level distributed GAs. The problem of communication between the computers in the MDGAs was dealt with in two different ways, with files on a server or by sending packets.
Modified Least Squares Extraction for Volterra-Series Digital Predistorter in the Presence of Feedback Measurement Errors (2012)

Measurement errors (in-phase/quadrature imbalance, dc offset, and nonlinearity) in the feedback path can adversely affect the linearization performance of digital predistorter (DPD) for RF power amplifiers (PAs). In this paper, a generalized analysis for the Volterra-series DPD system is presented in the presence of feedback measurement errors. It shows that the DPD coefficients are biased due to these errors. A modified least squares (MLS) method is then proposed for DPD coefficients extraction, which can eliminate the detrimental effect of feedback measurement errors without using a post-compensator. The proposed MLS method has the advantage of being free of behavioral modeling for the feedback path or the post-compensator. However, it can still achieve comparable performance as the state-of-the-art. The performance of the MLS method is validated with both simulations and experiments. The measurement results show that, when a nonideal feedback path is employed to capture the PA output, the proposed MLS method can still ensure a high linearization performance of the DPD, and the results are nearly the same as that when an ideal feedback path is used.
DotGrid: A .NET-based Infrastructure for Global Grid Computing (2006)

Grid infrastructures have provided wide integrated use of resources. DotGrid intends to introduce required Grid services and toolkits that are implemented as a layer wrapped over the existing operating systems. Our DotGrid has been developed based on Microsoft .NET in Windows and MONO .NET in Linux and UNIX. Using DotGrid APIs, grid middlewares and applications can be implemented easily. We evaluated our DotGrid capabilities by implementing some applications including a grid-based distributed cryptographic engine and also a typical computational problem
An in vitro study of renal allograft recipients for cellular delayed type hypersensitivity to glomerular basement membrane and disrupted spleen cells. (1972)

An in vitro study of delayed hypersensitivity by leucocyte migration inhibition using disrupted spleen cells as a source of transplantation antigens, and soluble glomerular basement membrane (GBM) antigen, was made on the peripheral blood leucocytes of six normal subjects and eleven renal allograft recipients. There was no inhibition of migration in the control group. The cells of one allograft recipient were inhibited by disrupted spleen cells and the cells of four other recipients were inhibited by soluble GBM antigen. Three of the latter had underlying glomerulonephritis and the fourth recipient only showed inhibition after infarction of the graft and its removal. These observations suggest that the immunosuppressed transplant recipients develop hypersensitivity to GBM antigen although there is no evidence of deteriorating renal function.
A third type of hydrogenase catalyzing H<sub>2</sub> activation (2007)

The activation of molecular hydrogen is of interest both from a chemical and biological viewpoint. The covalent bond of H(2) is strong (436 kJ mol(-1)). Its cleavage is catalyzed by metals or metal complexes in chemical hydrogenation reactions and by metalloenzymes named hydrogenases in microorganisms. Until recently only two types of hydrogenases are known, the [FeFe[-hydrogenases and [NiFe[-hydrogenases. Both types, which are phylogenetically unrelated, harbor in their active site a dinuclear metal center with intrinsic CO and cyanide ligands and contain iron-sulfur clusters for electron transport as revealed by their crystal structures. Fifteen years ago a third type of phylogenetically unrelated hydrogenase was discovered, which has a mononuclear iron active site and is devoid of iron-sulfur clusters. It was initially referred to as "metal free" hydrogenase, but was later renamed iron-sulfur cluster-free hydrogenase or [Fe[-hydrogenase. In this review, we introduce first the [FeFe[-hydrogenases and [NiFe[-hydrogenases, and then focus on the structure and function of the iron-sulfur cluster-free hydrogenase (Hmd) and show that this enzyme contains an iron-containing cofactor. The low-spin iron is complexed by two intrinsic CO-, one sulfur- and one or two N/O ligands and has one open coordination site, which is proposed to be the location of H(2) binding.
Cramer-Rao bounds for target angle and Doppler estimation with space-time adaptive processing radar (2002)

Space-time adaptive processing (STAP) can substantially improve airborne radar performance in environments with interference (clutter and/or jamming). This paper considers target parameter estimation with the STAP radar. The maximum-likelihood estimator for target angle and Doppler is reviewed. Cramer-Rao bounds for target angle and Doppler estimation accuracy are derived for an arbitrary interference scenario. These bounds show that in clutter, angle accuracy depends on the target Doppler and vice-versa. They are useful for quantifying the best-case degradation in estimator accuracy due to interference, and for determining the fractions of the Doppler space and coverage sector over which a specified level of accuracy can be achieved.
Die Grenze der Bistümer Verden und Halberstadt von der Elbe bis zur Ohre. (1906)

.
A control panel interface for graphics and image processing applications (1986)

This paper describes a graphical interface for application programs. The interface is based on the notion of a control panel . A control panel contains a browsable list of an application's parameters and a set of functions to control the application's execution. A variety of graphical knobs and gauges may be associated with any or all of the parameters to permit fine-grain execution control, including animation of an application's output. The control panel interface is integrated into the framework of an interactive programming environment for graphics and image processing applications. This integration is an important feature of the overall interface design.
HDAC Inhibitor Entinostat Restores Responsiveness of Letrozole-Resistant MCF-7Ca Xenografts to Aromatase Inhibitors through Modulation of Her-2 (2013)

We previously showed that in innately resistant tumors, silencing of the estrogen receptor (ER) could be reversed by treatment with a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, entinostat. Tumors were then responsive to aromatase inhibitor (AI) letrozole. Here, we investigated whether ER in the acquired letrozole-resistant tumors could be restored with entinostat. Ovariectomized athymic mice were inoculated with MCF-7Ca cells, supplemented with androstenedione (Δ(4)A), the aromatizable substrate. When the tumors reached about 300 mm(3), the mice were treated with letrozole. After initial response to letrozole, the tumors eventually became resistant (doubled their initial volume). The mice then were grouped to receive letrozole, exemestane (250 μg/d), entinostat (50 μg/d), or the combination of entinostat with letrozole or exemestane for 26 weeks. The growth rates of tumors of mice treated with the combination of entinostat with letrozole or exemestane were significantly slower than with the single agent (P < 0.05). Analysis of the letrozole-resistant tumors showed entinostat increased ERα expression and aromatase activity but downregulated Her-2, p-Her-2, p-MAPK, and p-Akt. However, the mechanism of action of entinostat in reversing acquired resistance did not involve epigenetic silencing but rather included posttranslational as well as transcriptional modulation of Her-2. Entinostat treatment reduced the association of the Her-2 protein with HSP-90, possibly by reducing the stability of Her-2 protein. In addition, entinostat also reduced Her-2 mRNA levels and its stability. Our results suggest that the HDAC inhibitor may reverse letrozole resistance in cells and tumors by modulating Her-2 expression and activity.
Enantioselective Enzymatic Desymmetrization of Prochiral Allenic Diols (2011)

Crude lipase from porcine pancreas acts as a highly efficient biocatalyst in the enantioselective transesterification of prochiral allendiols. Following a simple synthetic protocol, highly functionalized axially chiral allenes are obtained in high yields and excellent enantiopurity (see scheme). Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
ChemInform Abstract: BECKMANN REARRANGEMENT OF SOME STEROID ALPHA‐HYDROXY RING B KETOXIMES, 5‐OXO 5,6‐SECO‐NITRILES (1974)

Abstract Bei der Umsetzung der Oxime (I) mit SOCI, (‐20°C) und anschließend mit KOH (20°C) (Beckmann‐Umlagerung) bilden sich das Nitril (II) und das Chlornitril (IIIa), wobei aus (Ia) bzw." (Ib) zusätzlich die Derivate (IIIb) bzw. (IIIc) erhalten werden.
Postmenopausal Hormone Replacement Therapy and Cardiovascular Disease (1997)

Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of mortality in postmenopausal women in developed countries. A possible cardioprotective role of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is suggested by epidemiologic studies of HRT and reduced risk of coronary heart disease, as well as by randomized trials of HRT and lipid subfractions. Estrogen has beneficial effects on the lipid profile, raising high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and reducing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels each by approximately 10%. Other possible biologic mechanisms include beneficial effects on vascular function, oxidative status, endothelial-dependent vasodilation, intimal hyperplasia and insulin sensitivity. Estrogen's net effects on coagulation and fibrinolysis are less clear. Estrogen replacement therapy is associated with decreased atherosclerosis in several animal models. However, most of the available data on HRT derive from observational studies or small randomized trials assessing biologic intermediates rather than clinical events. Further research, including large-scale randomized clinical trials, are required to evaluate definitively the role of estrogen replacement therapy, especially given uncertainties about the effects of combined estrogen-progestin therapy and the balance of benefits and risk of this common intervention in postmenopausal women.
Leitura do padrão de urbanização do Paraná nas duas últimas décadas (2011)

O Paraná é um dos estados brasileiros que mais sofreram os impactos do processo de urbanização. Em apenas vinte anos, seu grau de urbanização dobrou de 36% para 73%, embora o acelerado ritmo de crescimento da população urbana nos anos 70, de 6,0% a.a., não tenha se repetido no decênio seguinte, declinando para 3,0% a.a. Mudanças estruturais na base da economia estadual resultam em intensos movimentos migratórios, ora em direção a fronteiras agrícolas externas ao Estado, ora em busca de opções no mercado de trabalho urbano, paranaense ou fora dele. A rapidez - praticamente uma década - e a intensidade dessa urbanização deram origem a uma nova configuração espacial na rede urbana do Paraná.
High resolution, zero quantum transition (two-dimensional) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: spectral analysis (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHigh resolution, zero quantum transition (two-dimensional) nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy: spectral analysisG. Pouzard, S. Sukumar, and L. D. HallCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 14, 4209–4215Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00404a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00404a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views132Altmetric-Citations43LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New routes to polyfunctionally substituted pyridine, pyridopyridine, quinoline, and pyridazine derivatives (1991)

Abstract The pyridine derivatives 4 and 10 are obtained by condensing β‐aminocrotononitrile ( 1a ) with malononitrile. Compound 4 affords the pyridylpyridazine 7 on coupling with aryldiazonium salts. The reaction of 1a with cyanothioacetamide affords 12 which affords the thieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridine 13 on treatment with phenacylbromide, and pyrido[2,3‐ b ]pyridine 15 on treatment with benzylidenemalononitrile ( 14 ). A variety of new pyridines, cyclohexadiene, and pyridopyridine derivatives were obtained from reaction of 2‐amino‐1‐propene‐1,1,3‐tricarbonitrille ( 1b ) and diethyl 3‐amino‐2‐cyanopent‐2‐enedioate ( 1c ) with Michael ‐systems. Reaction of 1b with acrylonitrile afforded an acyclic diadduct 25 which could be cyclized to the aminoquinoline 26 .
Inhibitors of Pathogen Intercellular Signals as Selective Anti-Infective Compounds (2007)

Long-term antibiotic use generates pan-resistant super pathogens. Anti-infective compounds that selectively disrupt virulence pathways without affecting cell viability may be used to efficiently combat infections caused by these pathogens. A candidate target pathway is quorum sensing (QS), which many bacterial pathogens use to coordinately regulate virulence determinants. The Pseudomonas aeruginosa MvfR-dependent QS regulatory pathway controls the expression of key virulence genes; and is activated via the extracellular signals 4-hydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (HHQ) and 3,4-dihydroxy-2-heptylquinoline (PQS), whose syntheses depend on anthranilic acid (AA), the primary precursor of 4-hydroxy-2-alkylquinolines (HAQs). Here, we identified halogenated AA analogs that specifically inhibited HAQ biosynthesis and disrupted MvfR-dependent gene expression. These compounds restricted P. aeruginosa systemic dissemination and mortality in mice, without perturbing bacterial viability, and inhibited osmoprotection, a widespread bacterial function. These compounds provide a starting point for the design and development of selective anti-infectives that restrict human P. aeruginosa pathogenesis, and possibly other clinically significant pathogens.
Lectin-Functionalized Poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-<i>block</i>-poly(vinyldimethyl azlactone) Surface Scaffolds for High Avidity Microbial Capture (2013)

Microbial exopolysaccharides (EPS) play a critical and dynamic role in shaping the interactions between microbial community members and their local environment. The capture of targeted microbes using surface immobilized lectins that recognize specific extracellular oligosaccharide moieties offers a nondestructive method for functional characterization of EPS content. In this report, we evaluate the use of the block copolymer, poly(glycidyl methacrylate)-block-4,4-dimethyl-2-vinylazlactone (PGMA-b-PVDMA), as a surface scaffold for lectin-specific microbial capture. Three-dimensional polymer films were patterned on silicon substrates to provide discrete, covalent coupling sites for Triticum vulgare and Lens culinaris lectins. This material increased the number of Pseudomonas fluorescens microbes captured by up to 43% compared to control scaffolds that did not contain the copolymer. These results demonstrate that PGMA-b-PVDMA scaffolds provide a platform for improved microbe capture and screening of EPS content by combining high avidity lectin surfaces with three-dimensional surface topography.