gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prevention of Coronary Vascular Abnormalities Early in Reperfusion with TGF-β May Not Prevent Late Coronary Vascular Injury (1997)

Endothelial injury, manifest by increased protein leak and decreased endothelium-dependent relaxation, occurs during reperfusion after ischemia. Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) has been shown to improve endothelium-dependent relaxation and reduce infarct size after short periods (from 20 min to 4.5 h) of reperfusion even when administered 24 h before the ischemic period. However, whether this represents a transient delay in the process leading to endothelial injury or prevention of injury has not been clear. To examine this issue, we measured protein leak, an index of coronary microvascular permeability, and endothelium-dependent relaxation, a measure of coronary endothelial function, after brief (1-h) and lengthy (48-h) reperfusion periods in dogs treated 30 min before ischemia with TGF-beta (30 microg/kg, i.v.) and control dogs. The left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) was ligated for 1 h followed by 1 h of reperfusion (n = 10) or 48 h of reperfusion (n = 12). Protein leak was assessed by a dual-isotope technique by using radiolabeled transferrin and erythrocytes, and endothelium-dependent relaxation was assessed in epicardial coronary rings by using adenosine diphosphate (ADP), an endothelium-dependent vasodilator, and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), an endothelium-independent dilator. In control animals, there was a marked increase in the protein leak index (PLI) in the infarct zone (8.3 +/- 1.4 in 1-h dogs, and 8.7 +/- 0.9 in 48-h dogs) compared with the nonischemic myocardium (3.1 +/- 0.8 at 1 h, and 3.8 +/- 0.9 at 48 h). In TGF-beta treated dogs, there was a marked improvement in PLI in the infarct zone in 1-h dogs (PLI, 4.1 +/- 1.1; p < 0.05; or a 50% reduction compared with untreated dogs). However, the 48-h dogs treated with TGF-beta failed to demonstrate an improvement in PLI (PLI, 8.5 +/- 0.9; p = NS). Endothelium-dependent relaxation was impaired in the LAD in control dogs, and treatment with TGF-beta failed to improve relaxation after 1 or 48 h of reperfusion. Microvascular permeability was increased and endothelium-dependent relaxation was decreased after ischemia at both 1 and 48 h of reperfusion. Pretreatment with TGF-beta reduced the increase in permeability at 1 h of reperfusion but not at 48 h.
Über Polyamide mit 2,4‐Imidazoldiyl‐Bausteinen (1975)

Abstract 2,4‐Bis(aminophenyl)imidazole 1a, 2a und 3 werden mit aromatischen und aliphatischen Dicarbonsäure‐dichloriden zu linearen, thermostabilen Polyamiden mit 2,4‐Imidazoldiyl‐Bausteinen umgesetzt. Durch Verwendung von Imidazolderivaten mit methyliertem bzw. unsubstituiertem Stickstoff im Imidazolring wird gezeigt, in welchem Maße die Thermostabilität der resultierenden Polyamide erhöht wird, wenn die Möglichkeit zur Ausbildung von NHN‐Wasserstoffbrücken zwischen den Ketten vorhanden ist. Die Polyamide 10c, 11c, 12c , die mit 4,4′‐Oxydiphenylen‐dicarbonsäuredichlorid ( 9c ) bereitet werden, zeigen ausgezeichnete Thermostabilität, faserige Beschaffenheit und hohe Werte für die inhärente Viskosität.
RXR gamma null mice are apparently normal and compound RXR alpha +/-/RXR beta -/-/RXR gamma -/- mutant mice are viable. (1996)

The RXR gamma (RXR, retinoid X receptor) gene was disrupted in the mouse. Homozygous mutant mice developed normally and were indistinguishable from their RXR gamma +/- or wild-type littermates with respect to growth, fertility, viability, and apparent behavior in the animal facility. Moreover, RXR alpha -/-/RXR gamma -/- and RXR beta -/-/RXR gamma -/- mutant phenotypes were indistinguishable from those of RXR alpha -/- and RXR beta -/- mutants, respectively. Strikingly, RXR alpha +/-/RXR beta -/-/RXR gamma -/- triple mutants were viable. Thus, it appears that RXR gamma does not exert any essential function that cannot be performed by RXR alpha or RXR beta, and one copy of RXR alpha is sufficient to perform most of the functions of the RXRs.
Parallel computing of catchment basins of rivers in large digital elevation models (2010)

This paper describes a new fast and scalable parallel algorithm to automatically determine catchment basin of rivers in large digital elevation models (DEM for short). This algorithms is based on the construction of a minimal spanning tree, via a hierarchy of graphs, modeling the water route on the DEM. It does not need any preprocessing like stream burning on the initial DEM and tends to make the most of incomplete DEM. Efficiency and scalability have been tested on very large DEM.
Sensing liquid properties using split-ring resonator in Mm-wave band (2010)

Sensing liquids and their contaminations is very important for many applications. In this paper, the LC-resonance response of circular split rings illuminated with a normal incidence light is analyzed. The tuning response of the resonant frequency upon loading various samples of liquids is described. The liquids are deposited on the array of the rings. The sensor allows to extract various information about the dielectric properties and the loss from the resonant frequency. The analyses process consists of comparing the resonant shift to characterize the liquid type and the resonant dip to examine the impurities induced in the liquid.
Endothelium-dependent relaxation competes with alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic constriction in the canine epicardial coronary microcirculation. (1993)

These data confirm that alpha-adrenergic receptors are widespread in the coronary microcirculation, with the baseline functional responses to alpha 1-adrenergic activation predominating in small arteries and those to alpha 2-adrenergic activation predominating in arterioles. Furthermore, coronary microvascular constriction caused by both alpha 1- and alpha 2-adrenergic receptor activation is significantly modulated by endothelium-dependent relaxation, being markedly potentiated by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase activity. The data imply that alpha-adrenergic activation will assume considerable importance as a determinant of coronary microvascular resistance in pathophysiological situations associated with coronary endothelial impairment.
Novel Approaches in Gluten‐Free Breadmaking: Interface between Food Science, Nutrition, and Health (2014)

Abstract The evidence that celiac disease is one of the commonest food intolerances in the world is driving an increasing demand for gluten‐free foods. However, gluten is a structure‐building protein essential for formulating leavened baked goods. Therefore, obtaining high‐quality gluten‐free bread (GFB) is a technological challenge. This review focuses on contemporary approaches in gluten‐free baking that allow improvements at the structure, texture, acceptability, nutritive value, and shelf life of GFB. Gluten‐free breadmaking is a relatively new, emerging research topic that is attracting worldwide attention in order to develop different kinds of GFB, including regional varieties. Several approaches have been used to understand and improve GFB systems by evaluating different flours and starch sources, ingredients added for nutritional purposes, additives, and technologies or a combination of these elements. Some studies aimed to assess or improve GFB's technological or nutritional properties, while others had multiple objectives. Several studies used food science tools in order to improve technological and sensory quality of GFB, together with nutritional value. Some GFBs are vehicles of nutrients and bioactive compounds. Furthermore, extensive research on interfacing food science, nutrition, and health is needed so that a GFB with both good technological and nutritional properties can be prepared and made more available to those with celiac disease, which will help them adhere to a strict gluten‐free diet, increase social inclusion, and improve their quality of life.
Elaboration of <i>Bacillus anthracis</i> Antigens in a New, Defined Culture Medium (1983)

Improved culture conditions and a new, completely synthetic medium (R medium) were developed to facilitate the production of Bacillus anthracis holotoxin antigens. Levels of these antigens up to fivefold greater than the highest previously reported values were recovered with the described system. Cultures of Sterne, V770-NP1-R, and Vollum 1B strains of B. anthracis were monitored for growth, pH change, glucose utilization, supernatant protein concentration, lethal toxin activity, and protease activity.
Differences in Caffeine 3-Demethylation Activity among Inbred Mouse Strains: A Comparison of Hepatic <i>Cyp 1a2</i> Gene Expression between Two Inbred Strains (1997)

The 3-demethylation of caffeine can be used as an index of cytochrome P450 CYP1A2 activity in vivo. We compared the plasma levels of caffeine and the 3-demethylated metabolite, 1,7-dimethylxanthine, in six common inbred strains (A/J, P/J, BALB/cJ, C3H/HeJ, AKR/J, and SWR/J) and one inbred strain (APN) derived in our laboratory from outbred Swiss-Webster mice on the basis of its relative susceptibility to acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity. We found significant variations between a number of the common strains, all of which produced significantly higher caffeine 3-demethylation indices than our APN strain. In three of the six common strains, there was a significant difference between males and females, with the females having consistently lower 1,7-xanthine/caffeine ratios. Hepatic Cyp1a2 expression was compared between APN and C3H/HeJ males. Microsomal methoxyresorufin O-demethylation, acetanilide 4-hydroxylation, and CYP1A2 immunoreactive protein levels were significantly higher in C3H/HeJ relative to APN mice, as were hepatic CYP1A2 mRNA levels. These results indicate the importance of strain and gender to the outcome of pharmacological or toxicological studies involving CYP1A2-mediated metabolism, as well as the suitability of the plasma 1,7-dimethylxanthine/caffeine ratio as a marker of CYP1A2 activity in the mouse. The striking differences observed between the APN and C3H/HeJ mice suggest that these strains may be suitable for a genetic analysis of the regulation of the basal expression of CYP1A2, a key enzyme In procarcinogen activation.
Detection of low levels of long‐chain branching in polydisperse polyethylene materials (2010)

Abstract Creep experiments have been applied to probe the zero‐shear viscosity, η 0 , of polyethylene chains directly and precisely in a constant‐stress rheometer at 190°C. Such experiments, when combined with precise measurements of the weight‐average molecular weight, M w , calibrated relative to linear chains of high‐density polyethylene, are shown to provide a very sensitive approach to detect low levels (0.005 branches per 1000 carbons) of long‐chain branching (LCB). This detection limit is shown to be insensitive to whether the molecular weight distribution (MWD) breadth, M w / M n , rises from about two to ten. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
Precisely tunable continuous-wave terahertz source with interferometric frequency control (2008)

We realized a tunable continuous-wave terahertz source with megahertz frequency resolution. The system is based on optical heterodyning of two near-infrared distributed feedback diode lasers, each laser being stabilized by electronic feedback from a low-finesse quadrature interferometer. The control loop permits precisely linear laser frequency scans over >1200 GHz, and a beat signal linewidth of 1 MHz at 80 ms time scale. Using GaAs photomixers and log-periodic antennae, we achieve a signal-to-noise ratio of the terahertz power of >70 dB at 100 GHz and 100 ms integration time, and still approximately 30 dB at 1 THz. As an example for high-resolution terahertz spectroscopy, we characterize the transmission properties of a subwavelength metal grating.
Optimization of the evaporation cavity in a torch integrated sample introduction system based ICP-AES system. Applications to matrix and transient effects, analysis of microsamples and analysis of certified solid samples (2003)

Results corresponding to the optimization of the aerosol evaporation cavity of the previously published torch integrated sample introduction system (TISIS) are shown in the present work. A micronebulizer (i.e., MicroMist) operated at liquid delivery rates in the 20–200 µl min−1 range was used throughout. Theoretical calculations suggested that the TISIS chamber allowed the evaporation of a significant fraction of the solvent contained in primary aerosol, while the remaining droplets first impacted against its inner walls and then evaporated. The cavity dimensions (i.e., length and inner diameter) were optimized in terms of sensitivity and memory effects. The results demonstrated that the longer the cavity, the higher the sensitivity, whereas an increase in its diameter did not significantly modify the aforementioned parameters. The optimized TISIS cavity, with a conical shaped end, proved to significantly shorten the wash-out times with respect to a double pass spray chamber and a low inner volume cyclonic type one (i.e., a Cinnabar spray chamber). Besides, the TISIS was used for discrete sample introduction of very low sample volumes (i.e., from 0.3 to 32 µl). The peaks found were narrower and higher than those provided by a double pass spray chamber. Matrix effects caused by sodium, acetic acid and ethanol solutions were less severe for TISIS than for the double pass and the Cinnabar spray chambers, while transient effects caused by nitric acid solutions almost disappeared when using the TISIS. As a result of the mitigation of the interferences, the recoveries found for three certified solid samples while calibrating with plain water standards were closer to 100% for the TISIS than for double pass and mini cyclonic spray chambers.
IL-10 down-regulates costimulatory molecules on<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-pulsed macrophages and impairs the lytic activity of CD4 and CD8 CTL in tuberculosis patients (2004)

Activation of T cells requires both TCR-specific ligation and costimulation through accessory molecules during T cell priming. IFNgamma is a key cytokine responsible for macrophage activation during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) infection while IL-10 is associated with suppression of cell mediated immunity in intracellular infection. In this paper we evaluated the role of IFNgamma and IL-10 on the function of cytotoxic T cells (CTL) and on the modulation of costimulatory molecules in healthy controls and patients with active tuberculosis (TB). gamma-irradiated-Mtb (i-Mtb) induced IL-10 production from CD14(+) cells from TB patients. Moreover, CD3(+) T cells of patients with advanced disease also produced IL-10 after i-Mtb stimulation. In healthy donors, IL-10 decreased the lytic activity of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells whereas it increased gammadelta-mediated cytotoxicity. Furthermore, we found that the presence of IL-10 induced a loss of the alternative processing pathways of antigen presentation along with a down-regulation of the expression of costimulatory molecule expression on monocytes and macrophages from healthy individuals. Conversely, neutralization of endogenous IL-10 or addition of IFNgamma to either effector or target cells from TB patients induced a strong lytic activity mediated by CD8(+) CTL together with an up-regulation of CD54 and CD86 expression on target cells. Moreover, we observed that macrophages from TB patients could use alternative pathways for i-Mtb presentation. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the presence of IL-10 during Mtb infection might contribute to mycobacteria persistence inside host macrophages through a mechanism that involved inhibition of MHC-restricted cytotoxicity against infected macrophages.
Sex Ratios of Eels Reared Under Two Temperature Regimes by (1996)

eels (Anguilla rostrata (LeSueur » were cultured to a length of 30 cm at a continual high temperature (23°C) and at 23°C, but with a 3-mo exposure to 5°C, with triplicate tanks for each treatment. Survival to 30 cm was low, ranging from 1-25 % for the six tanks. The period of cold exposure did not significantly increase the proportion of females (2 of 35 for cold exposure vs 0 of 22 for wann exposure). One eel from each treatment was sexually undifferentiated. Of 40 wild eels obtained from a local stream, 27 (67.5%) were females. All wild eels greater than 37 cm were females.
Systematic Reverse Engineering of Cache Slice Selection in Intel Processors (2015)

Dividing last level caches into slices is a popular method to prevent memory accesses from becoming a bottleneck on modern multicore processors. In order to assess and understand the benefits of cache slicing in detail, a precise knowledge of implementation details such as the slice selection algorithm are of high importance. However, slice selection methods are mostly unstudied, and processor manufacturers choose not to publish their designs, nor their design rationale. In this paper, we present a tool that allows to recover the slice selection algorithm for Intel processors. The tool uses cache access information to derive equations that allow the reconstruction of the applied slice selection algorithm. Thereby, the tool enables further exploration of the behavior of modern caches. The tool is successfully applied to a range of Intel CPUs with different slices and architectures. Results show that slice selection algorithms have become more complex over time by involving an increasing number of bits of the physical address. We also demonstrate that among the most recent processors, the slice selection algorithm depends on the number of CPU cores rather than the processor model.
Low Noise Cruise Efficient Short Take-Off and Landing Transport Vehicle Study (2006)

The saturation of the airspace around current airports combined with increasingly stringent community noise limits represents a serious impediment to growth in world aviation travel. Breakthrough concepts that both increase throughput and reduce noise impacts are required to enable growth in aviation markets. Concepts with a 25 year horizon must facilitate a 4x increase in air travel while simultaneously meeting community noise constraints. Attacking these horizon issues holistically is the concept study of a Cruise Efficient Short Take-Off and Landing (CESTOL) high subsonic transport under the NASA's Revolutionary Systems Concepts for Aeronautics (RSCA) project. The concept is a high-lift capable airframe with a partially embedded distributed propulsion system that takes a synergistic approach in propulsion-airframe-integration (PAI) by fully integrating the airframe and propulsion systems to achieve the benefits of both low-noise short take-off and landing (STOL) operations and efficient high speed cruise. This paper presents a summary of the recent study of a distributed propulsion/airframe configuration that provides low-noise STOL operation to enable 24-hour use of the untapped regional and city center airports to increase the capacity of the overall airspace while still maintaining efficient high subsonic cruise flight capability.
Stimulation of HIV replication in mononuclear phagocytes by leukemia inhibitory factor. (1994)

This study examined the effects of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) replication in mononuclear phagocytes (MNP). LIF induced a dose-dependent increase in p24 antigen production in the chronically infected promonocytic cell line U1. The magnitude and time kinetics of the LIF effects were similar to interleukin 1 (IL-1), IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), other cytokines known to induce HIV replication in this cell line. To characterize mechanisms responsible for these LIF effects, levels of HIV mRNA, activation of the DNA binding protein nuclear factor (NF)-kB, signal transduction pathways, and potential interactions with other cytokines were analyzed. LIF increased steady-state levels of HIV mRNA at 2.0, 4.3, and 9.2 kB. This was detectable by 24 h and persisted until 72 h. The DNA binding protein NF-kB is a central mediator in cytokine activation of HIV transcription. NF-kB levels were higher in unstimulated U1 cells as compared to the parent cell line U937. In both cell lines LIF increased NF-kB activity. Induction of NF-kB and HIV replication by cytokines are at least in part dependent on reactive oxygen intermediates. The oxygen radical scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine, but not an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase, inhibited LIF-induced HIV replication. LIF induces the production of other cytokines in monocytes but its effects on HIV replication were not inhibited by antibodies to IL-1, TNF, or IL-6. These results identify LIF as a stimulus of HIV replication.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
E2F-1:DP-1 Induces p53 and Overrides Survival Factors To Trigger Apoptosis (1995)

The E2F DNA binding activity consists of a heterodimer between E2F and DP family proteins, and these interactions are required for association of E2F proteins with pRb and the pRb-related proteins p107 and p130, which modulate E2F transcriptional activities. E2F-1 expression is sufficient to release fibroblasts from G0 and induce entry into S phase, yet it also initiates apoptosis. To investigate the mechanisms of E2F-induced apoptosis, we utilized interleukin-3 (IL-3)-dependent 32D.3 myeloid cells, a model of hematopoietic progenitor programmed cell death. In the absence of IL-3, E2F-1 alone was sufficient to induce apoptosis, and p53 levels were diminished. DP-1 alone was not sufficient to induce cell cycle progression or alter rates of death following IL-3 withdrawal. However, overexpression of both E2F-1 and DP-1 led to the rapid death of cells even in the presence of survival factors. In the presence of IL-3, levels of endogenous wild-type p53 increased in response to E2F-1, and coexpression of DP-1 further augmented p53 levels. These results provide evidence that E2F is a functional link between the tumor suppressors p53 and pRb. However, induction of p53 alone was not sufficient to trigger apoptosis, suggesting that the ability of E2F to override survival factors involves additional effectors.
An engineered lipid remodeling system using a galactolipid synthase promoter during phosphate starvation enhances oil accumulation in plants (2015)

Inorganic phosphate (Pi) depletion is a serious problem for plant growth. Membrane lipid remodeling is a defense mechanism that plants use to survive Pi-depleted conditions. During Pi starvation, phospholipids are degraded to supply Pi for other essential biological processes, whereas galactolipid synthesis in plastids is up-regulated via the transcriptional activation of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase 3 (MGD3). Thus, the produced galactolipids are transferred to extraplastidial membranes to substitute for phospholipids. We found that, Pi starvation induced oil accumulation in the vegetative tissues of various seed plants without activating the transcription of enzymes involved in the later steps of triacylglycerol (TAG) biosynthesis. Moreover, the Arabidopsis starchless phosphoglucomutase mutant, pgm-1, accumulated higher TAG levels than did wild-type plants under Pi-depleted conditions. We generated transgenic plants that expressed a key gene involved in TAG synthesis using the Pi deficiency-responsive MGD3 promoter in wild-type and pgm-1 backgrounds. During Pi starvation, the transgenic plants accumulated higher TAG amounts compared with the non-transgenic plants, suggesting that the Pi deficiency-responsive promoter of galactolipid synthase in plastids may be useful for producing transgenic plants that accumulate more oil under Pi-depleted conditions.