gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Noncontact Visual Three-Dimensional Ranging Devices</title> (1981)

This paper describes design and development of two types of 3-D ranging devices for robotic applications: both are noncontact, optical devices based on active illumination and triangulation. One is a laser scanning ranging device for medium-range (50cm), and the other is a proximity range sensor for short range (5 cm). The features of the devices are that both use analog area position sensor chips and that they provide simple, fast, accurate, non-contact visual sensing of range information.
Hyper-accumulation of starch and oil in a Chlamydomonas mutant affected in a plant-specific DYRK kinase (2016)

The DYRKP kinase is proposed to act as a negative regulator of the sink capacity of photosynthetic cells that integrates nutrient and energy signals. Inactivation of the kinase strongly boosts accumulation of reserve compounds under photoautotrophic nitrogen deprivation and allows maintaining high photosynthetic activity. The DYRKP kinase therefore represents an attractive target for improving the energy density of microalgae or crop plants.
Fabry-Perot-type antireflective coating for deep-ultraviolet binary photomask applications (2002)

We demonstrate an antireflective coating structure, which is based on the three-layer metal interference called the Fabry-Perot structure, for a deep-ultraviolet binary mask. The antireflective coating structure is composed of a metal-oxide-metal stack. By addition of different optimized structures, reflectances of less than 1.5% at both 248 and 193 nm have been achieved. At the three-layer Fabry-Perot structure, the bottom chrome layer provides suitable absorption. By controlling the thickness of the intermediate silicon oxide layer, we can tune the minimum-reflection regime to the desired exposure wavelength. The top metal layer can prevent charge accumulation during e-beam writing.
Inducing Persistent Flow Disturbances Accelerates Atherogenesis and Promotes Thin Cap Fibroatheroma Development in <i>D374Y</i> -PCSK9 Hypercholesterolemic Minipigs (2015)

These data support a causal role for lowered and multidirectional shear stress in the initiation of advanced coronary atherosclerotic plaques. Persistently lowered shear stress appears to be the principal flow disturbance needed for the formation of thin cap fibroatheroma.
The myths, constructs and integrity of memory (2012)

Selling “existences” for $25 a shot, hypnotists in 1950s America took their soul-searching clients back before birth to access memories from their previous lives. This brief “nationwide preoccupation” with past-life regression is one of eleven episodes richly documented in Alison Winter’s history of memory in the twentieth century. It followed reports from Morey Bernstein, a Colorado businessman, that when he hypnotized a local housewife, she remembered vivid details of her life as “Bridey Murphy” in nineteenth-century Ireland. A “giddy salon culture” developed in the wake of public thrill at Bridey’s precise and emotional personal memories, transmitted across incarnations. While party invitations instructed guests to “come as you were”, one teenager’s suicide note announced his desire to explore reincarnation “in person”.
Site Specific Incorporation of Amino Acid Analogues into Proteins In Vivo (2000)

Abstract : The goal of this project is to develop methods for the site-specific insertion in vivo of one or more amino acid analogues into proteins in eubacteria and in eukaryotes. The amino acids to be used include those that are photoactivatable, those that are fluorescent, those that carry reactive side chains such as keto groups, heavy atoms such as iodine, those that act as spectroscopic probes, and those that mimic phosphoserine, phosphothreonine, or phosphotyrosine. Besides providing a method for the production of new biomateirals with novel chemical and biological properties, proteins carrying such amino acid analogues will have wide applications in biology. These include studies on the folding, structure, stability and function of proteins, protein-protein interactions, protein localization and protein dynamics in vivo and signal transduction.
Prevention of Type 1 Diabetes in the Rat With an Allele-Specific Anti–T-Cell Receptor Antibody (2012)

In earlier studies of the Iddm14 diabetes susceptibility locus in the rat, we identified an allele of the T-cell receptor (TCR) β-chain, Tcrb-V13S1A1, as a candidate gene. To establish its importance, we treated susceptible rats with a depleting anti-rat Vβ13 monoclonal antibody and then exposed them to either polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid or a diabetogenic virus to induce diabetes. The overall frequency of diabetes in the controls was 74% (n = 50), compared with 17% (n = 30) in the anti-Vβ13-treated animals, with minimal islet pathology in nondiabetic treated animals. T cells isolated from islets on day 5 after starting induction showed a greater proportion of Vβ13(+) T cells than did peripheral lymph node T cells. Vβ13 transcripts recovered from day 5 islets revealed focused Jβ usage and less CDR3 diversity than did transcripts from peripheral Vβ13(+) T cells. CDR3 usage was not skewed in control Vβ16 CDR3 transcripts. Anti-rat Vβ13 antibody also prevented spontaneous diabetes in BBDP rats. The Iddm14 gene is likely to be Tcrb-V13, indicating that TCR β-chain usage is a determinant of susceptibility to autoimmune diabetes in rats. It may be possible to prevent autoimmune diabetes by targeting a limited element of the T-cell repertoire.
Should Bank Reserves Earn Interest (1995)

This article examines the effects and desirability of paying interest on required reserves. Scott Freeman and Joseph Haslag demonstrate that a policy of paying interest on reserves can make everyone better off, even if the interest must be financed by a tax on capital. An essential part of this policy is an open market operation that offsets any changes in the value of money.
Measurement of Circularly Polarized Broadcast Antennas (1972)

This paper reviews, by way of illustration, some of the terminology used in describing antennas radiating rotating polarization, and demonstrates how the parameters necessary to specify such antennas are measured.
A planar slot array with four independent beams (1966)

Active Doppler velocity sensors require an antenna system that generates three or more independent beams. A four-port dual-mode antenna that generates four independent beams from a single aperture is described. The signals emanating from the four ports generate four beams in space through a common aperture of crossed slot radiators. Isolation between the four signals processed through the antenna is obtained primarily by utilizing the mode isolation that exists between the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TE_{10}</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">TE_{01}</tex> modes in square waveguide. The isolation obtained between ports was 27.5 dB or greater. The special design problems and the effect of dimensional tolerances on the port isolation are discussed. A gain of greater than 30 dB for each beam and an overall antenna efficiency of approximately 71 percent were achieved. The beam pointing directions ranged from 27 to 29 degrees from the normal to the aperture. Sidelobes of 15 dB or better were also obtained.
Human computer interactions using language based technology (2002)

Spoken language offers an attractive alternative for human computer interface, since speech is the most natural, efficient, flexible, and economical means of communication among humans. To provide this interface, however, speech recognition technology must be combined with natural language processing technology, so that the verbal input can not only be recognized, but also understood, and appropriate actions can be taken. This paper provides an overview of recent research in spoken language understanding, focusing on the activities in the United States sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency of the Department of Defense. Some of the future research directions are also summarized.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Experimental investigations on an x-ray preionizer test bed (1988)

An experimental test bed has been used to extensively investigate the operating characteristics of various types of cathode and anode in an x-ray preionizer. The temporal development, intensity, and uniformity of x-ray beams generated by a carbon fiber cold cathode and corona plasma cathode were measured and compared. Electron densities of &gt;108 cm−3 in N2 (1 atm) and &gt;109 cm−3 in Ar (1 atm) could be generated. Factors affecting the high repetition rate operation of both cathodes were examined. The effect of transmitting target material and thickness on x-ray output were investigated.
Id2 expression increases with differentiation of human myeloid cells (1996)

Id proteins are helix-loop-helix (HLH) transcriptional factors that lack the basic DNA binding domain. The Id proteins have been reported generally to function as inhibitors of cell differentiation, and their gene expression is often downregulated during cell differentiation. We examined the expression of human Id mRNAs by Northern hybridization in 11 human myeloid cell lines, several myeloid cell lines induced to differentiate, fresh myeloid leukemia samples, and normal human myeloid cells. Id2 mRNA was expressed in myelomonoblastic and monoblastic leukemic cells (PLB-985, THP-1, and U-937) but was weakly expressed in myeloblastic leukemic cells (KG-1 and HL-60). Id2 mRNA levels markedly increased with induction of differentiation of myeloid blasts (HL-60, PLB-985, THP-1, and U-937) toward either granulocytes or macrophages. Examination of fresh acute myeloid leukemic samples from 22 individuals also showed prominent Id2 mRNA expression in those samples having more differentiated blasts. Using the French-American-British classification, only 2 of 8 M0/M1 samples expressed Id2 mRNA; however, 10 of 13 M2/M3/M4 samples expressed it. In normal human myeloid cells, Id2 mRNA was expressed in cultured macrophages from bone marrow and in mature granulocytes and monocytes from peripheral blood. The half-life of Id2 mRNA was short (1 hour), and its expression was inducible by cessation of protein synthesis. Id3 mRNA was moderately expressed in monoblastic cell lines (THP-1 and U-937), and levels decreased with their differentiation. Almost no Id3 expression was detectable in either other myeloid leukemia lines, fresh leukemic samples, or normal human myeloid cells by Northern analyses. Id1 mRNA was not detected by polymerase chain reaction in either leukemic or normal myeloid cells except in K562 myeloid/erythroid cells. These results showed that Id2 mRNA was constitutively expressed in more mature myeloid blast cells and level markedly increased with terminal myeloid differentiation, suggesting that Id2 protein may inhibit an HLH transcriptional complex that normally represses myeloid differentiation.
Development and Validation of an Assay for Measuring Preimplantation Factor (PIF) of Embryonal Origin (1996)

PIF is a likely candidate to be the next frontier of diagnosing the presence of viable preimplantation embryos in vivo.
Clinical supervision provided to mental health nurses in England (2021)

Background/Aims Clinical supervision has become widely regarded as a central tenet of professional practice. However, little is known about the basis for claims to the benefits. This study described the features of clinical supervision provision to mental health nurses in England. Methods A Freedom of Information Act request was submitted to 52 mental health NHS trusts in England regarding clinical supervision that is available to ∼42 000 mental health nurses. These data underwent content analysis. Each submitted document was read several times and meaningful pieces of content were assigned to one of the 10 major themes that emerged (clinical supervision definitions, discriminated clinical supervision definitions, roles duties and responsibilities, confidentiality, training, evaluations, reporting, templates, references/bibliographies, document size). Results All 52 mental health NHS trusts responded. Multiple operational definitions of clinical supervision were reported. For 29 out of the 31 trusts (94%) the length of each clinical supervision session was reportedly 60 minutes, of which nearly 80% (23/29) were held at a frequency of between four and eight sessions a year. Overall, 33 trusts (64%) reported that the supervisors were specifically trained to provide clinical supervision to mental health nurses. Of the 52 trusts, 48 (92%) had a dedicated clinical supervision policy document. Most trusts reported brief in-house evaluations, which were narrowly contained to comply with local clinical supervision policy positions. Conclusions Early professional objectives for clinical supervision have since morphed into a de facto managerial staff performance monitoring exercise which may, or may not, have other advantages.
An improved sensor deployment scheme for multiple target localization using compressive sensing (2015)

In this paper, we propose an approach for multiple target localization in wireless sensor network by employing the compressive sensing (CS) theory, which provides a novel framework for recovering the signal with far fewer sampling values than traditional methods, under the assumption that the signal is sparse. The sparsity in our localization approach is reflected by the location of targets, which can be formulated as a sparse vector. We use the received signal strength (RSS) to achieve the target localization and it only requires a small number of measurements for accurately recovering the location vector by solving the ℓ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sub> -minimization program. Moreover, we propose an improved sensor deployment scheme, which shows a more stable and valid performance than the random deployment widely used in CS-based localization. Meanwhile, it also decreases the workload of acquiring the sensor locations in practice. Finally, we conduct simulations and the results demonstrate the effectiveness of our localization approach.
NSLIC: SLIC superpixels based on nonstationarity measure (2015)

Superpixels become more and more popular as image preprocessing step in computer vision applications. In this paper, we propose an improved simple linear iterative clustering (SLIC) superpixel approach based on nonstationarity measure (NS-M), which is called nSLIC. An adjustive distance measure is developed in the five-dimensional [labxy] space. The nSLIC superpixel replaces the predefined fixed value of compactness parameter by the nonstationarity measure map of each image, which exploits the image information and is therefore adaptive to the color feature of the image. It also avoids the difficulty of pre-setting compactness parameter and reduces the parameters needed setting to only one indeed. The nSLIC superpixel improves not only segmentation quality bust also computational efficiency by the way of achieving faster convergence. Experiments done on BSD500 dataset show that nSLIC adheres better to image edges meanwhile producing regular and compact superpixels as much as possible, compared to various popular versions of SLIC.
Selective attachment of neural cells to specific substrates including Cell-Tak, a new cellular adhesive (1988)

Adherence of embryonic hypothalamic cells and a homogeneous neuronal cell line was assessed on various substrates and compared to attachment to the new cellular and tissue adhesive, Cell-Tak. Cell-Tak provided the most advantageous surface with 100% of fetal brain cells attaching in 5 h. Attachment of hypothalamic cells to compounds such as poly-D-lysine or collagen within this time was increased by 45 and 25%, respectively, over tissue-culture plastic. All cells of the clonal cell line N2AB-1 attached to Cell-Tak in the presence or absence of fetal calf serum and were found to be resistant to trypsin removal. Conditioned medium from these cells enhanced attachment of N2AB-1 twofold when compared to adherence to tissue-culture plastic. Striking morphological changes were seen in N2AB-1 after culturing on Cell-Tak for 2 days. Thirty percent of the population extended long neurites when grown on Cell-Tak with serum. Without serum, 30 to 50% of the cells extended very broad neurites often branched at the end, which were morphological changes not seen on plastic surfaces. These findings indicate that Cell-Tak is an optimal adhesive for primary neural cell culture and maintenance. Moreover, this adhesive protein appears to induce neuritogenesis and cellular differentiation in a neuronal cell line.
Development of a machine learning-based multimode diagnosis system for lung cancer (2020)

As an emerging technology, artificial intelligence has been applied to identify various physical disorders. Here, we developed a three-layer diagnosis system for lung cancer, in which three machine learning approaches including decision tree C5.0, artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) were involved. The area under the curve (AUC) was employed to evaluate their decision powers. In the first layer, the AUCs of C5.0, ANN and SVM were 0.676, 0.736 and 0.640, ANN was better than C5.0 and SVM. In the second layer, ANN was similar with SVM but superior to C5.0 supported by the AUCs of 0.804, 0.889 and 0.825. Much higher AUCs of 0.908, 0.910 and 0.849 were identified in the third layer, where the highest sensitivity of 94.12% was found in C5.0. These data proposed a three-layer diagnosis system for lung cancer: ANN was used as a broad-spectrum screening subsystem basing on 14 epidemiological data and clinical symptoms, which was firstly adopted to screen high-risk groups; then, combining with additional 5 tumor biomarkers, ANN was used as an auxiliary diagnosis subsystem to determine the suspected lung cancer patients; C5.0 was finally employed to confirm lung cancer patients basing on 22 CT nodule-based radiomic features.
A Innovative Liquid Detection Sensors for Wet Gas Subsea Business to Improve Gas-Condensate Flow Rate Measurement and Flow Assurance Issue (2014)

In subsea business, the use of wetgas flowmeter is becoming a standard for deep and ultradeep field development. The business growth is outstanding over the last few years and it is expected to continue at the same path. Furthermore, the tieback of these fields to hosting platform or onshore facility has increased drastically. The critical measurement is not only on high accuracy flow rates but also on water detection with 99.x% of the production being gas. The liquid is initially predominantly condensate phase continuous before becoming more watery with the well ageing. Water is the main concern either in presence of H2S or because hydrate could be formed and will plug the production line. To counterbalance these catastrophic scenarii the chemical use is necessary, but the cost leads to loss of benefit, therefore an optimization is necessary. The need for a reliable water detection became a compulsory practice with constraint to be working initially in oil and water continuous phase. The innovative solution describes in this paper look at how an accurate measurement could be offered at any GVF and WLR based on the use of two different types of measurement having a different response to the water-hydrocarbon contrast and water conductivity sensitivity. This approach led to a development of an innovative add-on on the wet gas meter which provides a high accurate local water fraction measurement that can be comparing with a global measurement. This paper is focusing on the explanation of this innovative analysis after 10 years of work in this direction, and the value brought to oil/gas operator in detection of water and then optimizes the use of expensive chemical. It is also possible to identify clearly, if the water is coming from the formation or not in any WLR mix. It addresses also the use of MPFM beyond the classical metering flow rate performance and focus on the benefits of brought for a subsea flow assurance and reservoir management.
Synthesis and antiviral activity of deoxy analogs of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (HEPT) as potent and selective anti-HIV-1 agents (1992)

Several 6-benzyl analogs of 1-[(2-hydroxyethoxy)methyl]-6-(phenylthio)thymine (1; HEPT) were synthesized and evaluated for their anti-HIV-1 activity. LDA (lithium diisopropylamide) lithiation of 5-ethyluracil derivatives 7 and 8 and subsequent reaction with an aryl aldehyde gave 6-(arylhydroxymethyl)-5-ethyluracil derivatives 9-12. 6-(Arylhydroxymethyl)-5-isopropyluracil derivatives 15-18 were prepared from the 5-isopropyl-2-thiouracil derivatives 13 and 14 by the above procedure following oxidative hydrolysis of the thione. Preparation of the target 5-alkyl-1-(alkoxymethyl)-6-benzyluracil derivatives 27-34 was carried out by acetylation of 9-14 followed by Pd-catalyzed hydrogenolysis. The 1-butyl- (37 and 39) and 1-(2-methoxyl)- (38 and 40) 5-alkyl-6-benzyluracils were synthesized by 1-alkylation of the 3-phenacyl derivatives 35 and 36 with alkyl halides followed by deprotection of the 3-phenacyl group. Compounds synthesized in this study inhibited HIV-1 replication in MT-4 cells in the submicromolar to namomolar concentration range. From this series of compounds, 6-benzyl-1-(ethoxymethyl)-5-isopropyluracil (33) was selected for clinical evaluation.
Brain-derived circulating cell-free DNA defines the brain region and cell specific origins associated with neuronal atrophy (2019)

Liquid biopsies are revolutionizing the fields of prenatal non-invasive testing and cancer diagnosis by leveraging the genetic differences between mother and fetus, and, host and cancer. In the absence of genetic variance, epigenetics has been used to decipher the cell-of-origin of cell-free DNA (cfDNA). Liquid biopsies are minimally invasive and thus represent an attractive option for hard to biopsy tissues such as the brain. Here we report the first evidence of neuron derived cfDNA and cerebellum cfDNA within acute neurotrauma and chronic neurodegeneration, establishing the first class of peripheral biomarkers with specificity for the cell-type and brain-region undergoing potential injury and/or neurodegeneration.
A 2 Gb/s 256*256 CMOS crossbar switch fabric core design using pipelined MUX (2003)

In this paper, we present the design of a full-custom 2 Gb/s 256*256 crossbar switch fabric core circuit, using TSMC 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS technology. To cope with the high data link rate, conventional approaches use duplicated multiple bit-slices of the switch core to reduce the core delay requirement. However, this increases the area and limits the size of the crossbar switch. To cater for a large number of input and output ports of the switch, we propose a novel 3-stage pipelined MUX-tree based architecture. As a result, the problem of designing a 256*256 crossbar is reduced to a 128*128 sub-crossbar. The clock cycle time of the switch core can be reduced below Ins. To achieve a 2 Gb/s link rate, only two bit-slices are needed instead of 4 or 8 in the conventional designs. By doing so, we can put a 256*256 crossbar on a single chip. The layout of the 128*128 sub-crossbar was designed and simulated. Experimental results show that 1 GHz clock frequency can be achieved. Furthermore, a full 2 Gb/s 64*64 crossbar switch digital core circuit was designed to demonstrate the whole pipeline structure. The area of this core is only 2.4 mm*1.9 mm and the power consumption is about 2.5 W at 1 GHz.