gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The contribution of exoproducts to virulence of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (1985)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa produces a large number of extracellular products which may contribute to its virulence. We have employed a genetic approach to determine the contribution of toxin A, exoenzyme S, elastase and alkaline protease to the pathogenesis of P. aeruginosa. Mutations have been introduced with chemicals or transposons. Mutants have been identified using immunological, chemical, or toxicity assays. Mutants were extensively characterized in vitro to ascertain that they were identical to their parent strain except for the production of the desired product. Appropriate mutants were compared with their parent strains in several animal models: the burned mouse model, the mouse corneal infection model, and a rat model of chronic lung infection. The data indicate that virulence of P. aeruginosa is multifactorial. Further, the relative contribution of a given P. aeruginosa product may vary with the type of infection.
Characterization Tools for Polymer Electrolyte Membrane (PEM) Water Electrolyzers (2015)

Whereas more than 95% of the hydrogen produced in the world comes from natural hydrocarbons, hydrogen of electrolytic grade produced by water electrolysis is receiving increasing attention because it could be used as a universal and carbon-free energy carrier. Energy applications of hydrogen (as a fuel for the automotive industry or as a means for the large-scale storage of renewable energy sources) are emerging markets. The situation is evolving rapidly and business opportunities are appearing. Among a few technologies of appropriate maturity, the so-called PEM water electrolysis is considered as a very promising one because of its high level of performance and because significant cost reductions are possible. Whereas the capacity of existing commercial products is still limited (approximately to <100 Nm3 H2 h−1), manufacturers are investing to develop production units at the MW scale (~200 Nm3 H2 h−1). This requires the use of larger cell areas (from ~1,000 cm2 with current state-of-art technology to 10,000 cm2). However, their development is not a straightforward task and can potentially be the source of significant performance losses.
Character and Concerns (2007)

As king of Britain, George II was known for being testy and over-sensitive. He was a very open character, more prone to outbursts than to dissimulation, and had a tendency to harbour grudges. He suffered not only from a lack of control, but also from a sense that he lacked control. In addition, George II lacked the easier manner of his wife, who certainly knew how to use the Court to win popularity and to help support the dynasty. Hanoverian by birth, training, loyalty, and inclination, the king was a pragmatist who did not have a pro-active agenda for Britain, other than helping Hanover. Instead, he was focused on preserving his position as monarch and maintaining royal prerogatives. He sought to end corrupt financial practices in the army, but did not show comparable interest in the navy. George II was very committed to foreign policy, which he sought to use to support Continental Protestantism.
The effect of dietary supplementation using isomeric blends of conjugated linoleic acid on lipid metabolism in healthy human subjects (2002)

Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) refers to a group of positional and geometric isomers of linoleic acid. Studies using animal models have shown that CLA reduces adiposity, improves plasma lipoprotein metabolism and insulin sensitivity and reduces arteriosclerosis. Whilst CLA may have therapeutic potential with regard to coronary artery disease risk factors in human subjects, there has been little investigation into its effects in human subjects. This current study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation using two isomeric blends of CLA on triacylglycerol (TAG)-rich lipoprotein metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport in human subjects and evaluates whether CLA modulated cardiovascular disease risk factors. Fifty-one normolipidaemic subjects participated in this randomised double-blind placebo-controlled intervention trial. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive 3 g cis-9,trans-11-trans-10,cis-12 isomeric blend (50 : 50) or a cis-9,trans-11-trans-10,cis-12 isomeric blend (80 : 20) CLA or linoleic acid (control)/d for 8 weeks. The 50 : 50 CLA isomer blend significantly reduced (P<or=0.005) fasting plasma TAG concentrations. The 80 : 20 CLA isomer blend significantly reduced (P<or=0.05) VLDL-cholesterol concentrations. CLA supplementation had no significant effect on LDL-cholesterol, HDL-lipid-protein composition or reverse cholesterol transport. CLA supplementation had no effect on body weight, plasma glucose and insulin concentrations. Fatty acid analysis revealed that the cis-9,trans-11 CLA isomer was incorporated into total plasma lipids following supplementation with both isomeric blends of CLA. The present study demonstrates that CLA supplementation significantly improves plasma TAG and VLDL metabolism in human subjects. The study confirms that some of the cardio-protective effects of CLA that were shown in animal studies are relevant to man.
Nucleotide sequence and organization of potato leafroll virus genomic RNA (1989)

The nucleotide sequence of the genomic RNA of potato leafroll virus was determined and its genetic organization deduced. The RNA is 5882 nucleotides long and contains 6 open reading frames (ORFs) encoding proteins of 70, 70, 56, 28, 23 and 17 kDa. The putative genes for the coat protein (23 kDa) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (70 kDa) were identified by interviral amino acid sequence homologies. For expression of the different ORFs, translational frameshift and readthrough events are proposed.
Microarray analysis of RNA extracted from formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded and matched fresh-frozen ovarian adenocarcinomas (2009)

Conclusively, we showed that systematic assessment of FFPE samples at the RNA level is essential for obtaining good quality gene expression microarray data. We also demonstrated that profiling of not only FF but also of FFPE samples can be successfully used to identify differentially expressed genes characteristic of ovarian carcinoma.
Portable Artificial Kidney with Advantages of Hemodialysis, Hemofiltration, and Hemoperfusion (1982)

The FDA (filtration, dialysis, absorption) system developed in the present study operates on the principle of simultaneous filtration of blood and dialysis against its purified filtrate, the filtrate being purified by a multi-adsorption system. The filtration of blood is done using a hemofilter which permits clearance of solutes up to 50,000 daltons and easy removal of excess fluid overload under minimal osmotic imbalance conditions. The clearance of small solutes in the above pure-convective filtration process is enhanced by returning the purified filtrate to the hemofilter which introduces an additional diffusive mass transport to the otherwise pure-convective process. The purification of the filtrate is done by 3 kg charcoal and 450 gm of cation exchanger in the Ca++ and Na+ form. Sufficient urea binding is achieved by raising the post-treatment urea level from 50 mg% to 150 mg% which may be justified as the blood urea level below 300 mg% was found to be nontoxic by others. By this procedure, about 40 gm urea is removed per treatment by 3 kg charcoal and 3 to 4 liters of excess fluid discarded. Three kg of charcoal is found to bind an adequate amount of phosphate, thus eliminating the use of phosphate binders, such as alumina, which is a toxic material. The ion exchangers in the Ca++ and Na+ form bind an adequate amount of K+ without altering Na+ and Ca++ levels. The filtrate purification cartridge can be easily regenerated and sterilized, if necessary, thus making it inexpensive. A comparison of the FDA system with other systems clearly showed that it has the advantages of HD, HF, and HP while the major disadvantages of HD, HF, and HP are eliminated in the FDA system.
A Gasoline Engine Concept for Improved Fuel Economy -The Lean Boost System (2000)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the Lean Boost System, a gasoline engine concept for improved fuel economy. The system combines direct injection, lean operation and pressure charging, and allows significant reduction in swept volume, or ‘downsizing’. Engine tests have been undertaken which demonstrate the validity of the combustion concept. The strategy a typical manufacturer might adopt in order to meet future European requirements for CO<sub>2</sub> emissions is proposed. Vehicle simulation results for typical North American and European vehicles are presented. Using the exhaust gas emission levels from engine tests and drive cycle simulation, aftertreatment requirements and configurations are considered.</div>
Professional Socialisation of Engineering Students (2001)

This paper is concerned with the professional socialisation of engineering students. The literature of socialisation is used to predict some of the engineering students' experiences during their degree studies. A case study of graduates from the Griffith University environmental engineering course then compares some actual student experiences. A better understanding of the students' experiences, as seen through their eyes, gives some cues to improving engineering education.
Stress echocardiography expert consensus statement: European Association of Echocardiography (EAE) (a registered branch of the ESC) (2008)

Stress echocardiography is the combination of 2D echocardiography with a physical, pharmacological or electrical stress. The diagnostic end point for the detection of myocardial ischemia is the induction of a transient worsening in regional function during stress. Stress echocardiography provides similar diagnostic and prognostic accuracy as radionuclide stress perfusion imaging, but at a substantially lower cost, without environmental impact, and with no biohazards for the patient and the physician. Among different stresses of comparable diagnostic and prognostic accuracy, semisupine exercise is the most used, dobutamine the best test for viability, and dipyridamole the safest and simplest pharmacological stress and the most suitable for combined wall motion coronary flow reserve assessment. The additional clinical benefit of myocardial perfusion contrast echocardiography and myocardial velocity imaging has been inconsistent to date, whereas the potential of adding - coronary flow reserve evaluation of left anterior descending coronary artery by transthoracic Doppler echocardiography adds another potentially important dimension to stress echocardiography. New emerging fields of application taking advantage from the versatility of the technique are Doppler stress echo in valvular heart disease and in dilated cardiomyopathy. In spite of its dependence upon operator's training, stress echocardiography is today the best (most cost-effective and risk-effective) possible imaging choice to achieve the still elusive target of sustainable cardiac imaging in the field of noninvasive diagnosis of coronary artery disease.
Bio‐Broker: a tool for integration of biological data sources and data analysis tools (2006)

Abstract In this work we present an architecture for XML‐based mediator systems and a framework for helping systems developers in the construction of mediator‐services for the integration of heterogeneous data sources. A unique feature of our architecture is its capability to manage (proprietary) user's software tools and algorithms, modelled as Extended Value Added Services (EVASs), and integrated in the data flow. The mediator offers a view of the system as a single data source where EVASs are readily available for enhancing query processing. A Web‐based graphic interface has been developed to allow dynamic and flexible EVASs inter‐connection, thus creating complex distributed bioinformatics machines. The feasibility and usefulness of our ideas has been validated by the development of a mediator system (Bio‐Broker) and by a diverse set of applications aimed at combining gene expression data with genomic, sequence‐based and structural information, so as to provide a general, transparent and powerful solution that integrates data analysis tools and algorithms. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonpharmacologic treatment of resistant hypertensives by Device-Guided slow breathing exercises (2003)

Resistant hypertensives can benefit from and are compliant with self-treatment by device-guided slow breathing.
Retrovirus-mediated Expression of Apolipoprotein A-I in the Macrophage Protects against Atherosclerosis in Vivo (2001)

We have previously reported that the lack of apolipoprotein (apo) E expression by macrophages promotes foam cell formation in vivo. Because transgenic mice overexpressing human apoA-I from the liver (h-apoA-I TgN) are protected from the atherogenesis induced by apoE deficiency, we hypothesized that the presence of apoA-I in the vessel wall could reduce the negative effect of apoE deficiency on lesion growth. To address this issue, we used both retroviral transduction and transgenic approaches to produce in vivo systems where apoA-I is expressed from macrophages. In the retroviral transduction study, apoA-I-deficient (apoA-I(-/-)) mice reconstituted with apoE-deficient (apoE(-/-)) bone marrow cells that were infected with a retroviral vector expressing human apoA-I (MFG-HAI) had 95% lower atherosclerotic lesion area than that of recipients of apoE(-/-) bone marrow cells infected with the parental virus (MFG). To determine whether the protective effect of locally produced apoA-I was due to the lack of systemic apoA-I, we conducted a different experiment using h-apoA-I TgN mice as recipients of apoE(-/-) bone marrow with or without human apoA-I (driven by a macrophage-specific transgene defined as mphi-AI). Aortic lesion area in apoE(-/-)/mphi-AI --> h-apoA-I TgN mice was decreased by 85% compared with apoE(-/-) --> h-apoA-I TgN mice. These data demonstrate that expression of apoA-I from macrophages protects against atherogenesis without affecting plasma apoA-I and high density lipoprotein cholesterol levels.
Circulating angiopoietin-2 levels increase with progress of chronic kidney disease (2010)

Circulating Ang-2, a putative marker and potential mediator of accelerated atherosclerosis, is inversely related to GFR and increases with advanced CKD. The correlation between Ang-2 and ADMA points towards the hypothesis that the ADMA-driven NO deficiency might trigger Ang-2 release and account for the Ang-2 increase in CKD patients.
Spanning Tree Methods for Discriminative Training of Dependency Parsers (2006)

Untyped dependency parsing can be viewed as the problem of finding maximum spanning trees (MSTs) in directed graphs. Using this representation, the Eisner (1996) parsing algorithm is sufficient for searching the space of projective trees. More importantly, the representation is extended naturally to non-projective parsing using Chu-Liu-Edmonds (Chu and Liu, 1965; Edmonds, 1967) MST algorithm. These efficient parse search methods support large-margin discriminative training methods for learning dependency parsers. We evaluate these methods experimentally on the English and Czech treebanks. 1
Wireless backhaul for broadband communication over Sea (2013)

A comprehensive survey of different possible solutions to provide wireless backhaul PTP links for broadband communication over Sea is presented. The main purpose of wireless backhaul network is to provide LongDistance Point-To-Point (PTP) broadband communication. Wireless Backhaul gives a low cost solution for access to remote areas with difficult terrain to install any wired link. Long-range backhaul network with high capacity and reliability is limited to line-of-sight (LOS) distances requiring high antenna towers for further increase in range. A mirror image of WiMax-like system used on land can be envisaged on Sea to provide similar services at even non line-of-sight (NLOS) distances. Satellite communication can also provide large distance coverage for communication over Sea. Tropospheric propagation using evaporation ducts over Sea is also explored for long-range wireless communication over Sea to achieve Trans-horizon NLOS distances. Current work and future challenges regarding backhaul broadband communication over Sea with some proposed solutions are discussed at the end.
Identification of Novel Orosensory Active Molecules in Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla planifolia) (2009)

Sequential application of solvent extraction, gel permeation chromatography, and HPLC in combination with taste dilution analyses, followed by LC-MS and 1D/2D NMR experiments, led to the discovery of seven velvety mouth-coating molecules in cured beans of Vanilla planifolia . Among these, 5-(4-hydroxybenzyl)vanillin, 4-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2-methoxyphenol, 4-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-5-methoxybenzaldehyde, (1-O-vanilloyl)-(6-O-feruloyl)-beta-d-glucopyranoside, americanin A, and 4',6'-dihydroxy-3',5-dimethoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxaldehyde were previously not reported in vanilla beans. Sensory studies revealed human recognition thresholds for the velvety mouth-coating sensation between 1.0 and 5.0 mumol/kg (water). Interestingly, the biphenyl derivatives were found to enhance the perception of creaminess and fatty body of sweetened skim milk, among which 4',6'-dihydroxy-3',5-dimethoxy-[1,1'-biphenyl]-3-carboxaldehyde showed the lowest threshold level of 5 mumol/kg. Quantitative analysis of these compounds in cured vanilla beans from different origins as well as in noncured beans revealed that, with the exception of americanin A, all of the other taste compounds are not present in the green vanilla beans and are formed during the bean curing process.
Dehydroeburicoic Acid from Antrodia camphorata Prevents the Diabetic and Dyslipidemic State via Modulation of Glucose Transporter 4, Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor α Expression and AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation in High-Fat-Fed Mice (2016)

This study investigated the potential effects of dehydroeburicoic acid (TT), a triterpenoid compound from Antrodia camphorata, in vitro and examined the effects and mechanisms of TT on glucose and lipid homeostasis in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed mice. The in vitro study examined the effects of a MeOH crude extract (CruE) of A. camphorata and Antcin K (AnK; the main constituent of fruiting body of this mushroom) on membrane glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phospho-Akt in C2C12 myoblasts cells. The in vitro study demonstrated that treatment with CruE, AnK and TT increased the membrane levels of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) and phospho-Akt at different concentrations. The animal experiments were performed for 12 weeks. Diabetic mice were randomly divided into six groups after 8 weeks of HFD-induction and treated with daily oral gavage doses of TT (at three dose levels), fenofibrate (Feno) (at 0.25 g/kg body weight), metformin (Metf) (at 0.3 g/kg body weight) or vehicle for another 4 weeks while on an HFD diet. HFD-fed mice exhibited increased blood glucose levels. TT treatment dramatically lowered blood glucose levels by 34.2%~43.4%, which was comparable to the antidiabetic agent-Metf (36.5%). TT-treated mice reduced the HFD-induced hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, hyperinsulinemia, hyperleptinemia, and hypercholesterolemia. Membrane levels of GLUT4 were significantly higher in CruE-treated groups in vitro. Skeletal muscle membrane levels of GLUT4 were significantly higher in TT-treated mice. These groups of mice also displayed lower mRNA levels of glucose-6-phosphatase (G6 Pase), an inhibitor of hepatic glucose production. The combination of these agents produced a net hypoglycemic effect in TT-treated mice. TT treatment enhanced the expressions of hepatic and skeletal muscle AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) phosphorylation in mice. TT-treated mice exhibited enhanced expression of hepatic fatty acid oxidation enzymes, including peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and increased mRNA levels of carnitine palmitoyl transferase Ia (CPT-1a). These mice also exhibited decreased expression levels of lipogenic fatty acid synthase (FAS) in liver and adipose tissue and reduced mRNA levels of hepatic adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 2 (aP2) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT). These alterations resulted in a reduction in fat stores within the liver and lower triglyceride levels in blood. Our results demonstrate that TT is an excellent therapeutic approach for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia.
Protein D1 preferentially binds A + T-rich DNA in vitro and is a component of Drosophila melanogaster nucleosomes containing A + T-rich satellite DNA. (1982)

Our previous work [Levinger, L. & Varshavsky, A. (1982) Cell 28, 375-385] has shown that D1, a 50-kilodalton chromosomal protein of Drosophila melanogaster, is specifically associated with isolated nucleosomes that contain a complex A + T-rich satellite DNA with buoyant density of 1.688 g/ml. We show here that D1 is also a component of nucleosomes containing a simple-sequence, pure A + T satellite DNA, buoyant density 1.672 g/ml. Furthermore, using a modification of a protein blotting technique in which proteins are not exposed to dodecyl sulfate denaturation, we have found that D1 preferentially binds to A + T-rich double-stranded DNA in vitro, and it is apparently the only abundant nuclear protein in cultured D. melanogaster cells that possesses this property. Synthetic poly[d(A-T)].poly[d(A-T)] and poly(dA).poly(dT) duplexes effectively compete in vitro with A + T-rich D. melanogaster satellite DNAs for binding to D1, whereas total Escherichia coli DNA is an extremely poor competitor. These findings strongly suggest that D1 is a specific component of A + T-rich, tandemly repeated, heterochromatic regions, which constitute up to 15-20% of the total D. melanogaster genome. Possible functions of D1 protein include compaction of A + T-rich heterochromatin and participation in microtubule-centromere interactions in mitosis. In addition, D1 may prevent nonspecific binding to A + T-rich satellite DNA of other nuclear proteins that have a preference for AT-DNA, such as RNA polymerase or regulatory proteins, and may also participate in the higher-order chromatin organization outside tandemly repetitive regions by binding to nonrandomly positioned stretches of A + T-rich DNA.