gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental induction of recurrent airway obstruction with inhaled fungal spores, lipopolysaccharide, and silica microspheres in horses (2010)

Results indicated that inhalation of fungal spores in combination with lipopolysaccharide and silica microspheres can induce disease exacerbation in susceptible horses and may thus be a useful model for future standardized studies of RAO in horses.
Visualization of Biofilm Formation in <em>Candida albicans</em> Using an Automated Microfluidic Device (2017)

Candida albicans is the most common fungal pathogen of humans, causing about 15% of hospital-acquired sepsis cases. A major virulence attribute of C. albicans is its ability to form biofilms, structured communities of cells attached to biotic and abiotic surfaces. C. albicans biofilms can form on host tissues, such as mucosal layers, and on medical devices, such as catheters, pacemakers, dentures, and joint prostheses. Biofilms pose significant clinical challenges because they are highly resistant to physical and chemical perturbations, and can act as reservoirs to seed disseminated infections. Various in vitro assays have been utilized to study C. albicans biofilm formation, such as microtiter plate assays, dry weight measurements, cell viability assays, and confocal scanning laser microscopy. All of these assays are single end-point assays, where biofilm formation is assessed at a specific time point. Here, we describe a protocol to study biofilm formation in real-time using an automated microfluidic device under laminar flow conditions. This method allows for the observation of biofilm formation as the biofilm develops over time, using customizable conditions that mimic those of the host, such as those encountered in vascular catheters. This protocol can be used to assess the biofilm defects of genetic mutants as well as the inhibitory effects of antimicrobial agents on biofilm development in real-time.
A workflow task scheduling algorithm based on the resources' fuzzy clustering in cloud computing environment (2014)

Summary Cloud computing is the key and frontier field of the current domestic and international computer technology, workflow task scheduling plays an important part of cloud computing, which is a policy that maps tasks to appropriate resources to execute. Effective task scheduling is essential for obtaining high performance in cloud environment. In this paper, we present a workflow task scheduling algorithm based on the resources' fuzzy clustering named FCBWTS. The major objective of scheduling is to minimize makespan of the precedence constrained applications, which can be modeled as a directed acyclic graph. In FCBWTS, the resource characteristics of cloud computing are considered, a group of characteristics, which describe the synthetic performance of processing units in the resource system, are defined in this paper. With these characteristics and the execution time influence of the ready task in the critical path, processing unit network is pretreated by fuzzy clustering method in order to realize the reasonable partition of processor network. Therefore, it largely reduces the cost in deciding which processor to execute the current task. Comparison on performance evaluation using both the case data in the recent literature and randomly generated directed acyclic graphs shows that this algorithm has outperformed the HEFT, DLS algorithms both in makespan and scheduling time consumed. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Optimal tracking of time-varying channels: a frequency domain approach for known and new algorithms (1995)

In this paper, we developed a systematic frequency domain approach to analyze adaptive tracking algorithms for fast time-varying channels. The analysis is performed with the help of two new concepts, a tracking filter and a tracking error filter, which are used to calculate the mean square identification error (MSIE). First, we analyze existing algorithms, the least mean squares (LMS) algorithm, the exponential windowed recursive least squares (EW-RLS) algorithm and the rectangular windowed recursive least squares (RW-RLS) algorithm. The equivalence of the three algorithms is demonstrated by employing the frequency domain method. A unified expression for the MSIE of all three algorithms is derived. Secondly, we use the frequency domain analysis method to develop an optimal windowed recursive least squares (OW-RLS) algorithm. We derive the expression for the MSIE of an arbitrary windowed RLS algorithm and optimize the window shape to minimize the MSIE. Compared with an exponential window having an optimized forgetting factor, an optimal window results in a significant improvement in the h MSIE. Thirdly, we propose two types of robust windows, the average robust window and the minimax robust window. The RLS algorithms designed with these windows have near-optimal performance, but do not require detailed statistics of the channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Information networks and data communication : proceedings of the IFIP TC6 International Conference on Information Networks and Data Communication, Funchal, Madeira Island, Portugal, 18-21 April, 1994 (1994)

Part 1 Network applications: the MIRA telemedicine conference system, M.R. Koblas and L. Steinbakk multimedia mail - a colourful business application for success, B. Teunissen and M. Baveco OVOPS, object virtual operations system for distributed applications development, O. Martikainen et al A distributed message passing coordinator for OBLOG applications, B. Bonchev and M. Capitao interfacing a quality of service manager for distributed multimedia applications, L. Fedaoui and E. Horlait. Part 2 Network protocols: traffic control in slotted rings to realise a multi-service environment, T. Meuser a framework for performance analysis of parallel protocol execution, M. Walch TCP extensions for interconnection of LANs by satellite, M.A. Jolfaei et al bandwidth allocation on the metaring gigabit/s network, M. Gagnaire and G. Macario an experimental study on voice/data integration over an ethernet LAN, J. Azevedo et al. Part 3 High speed networking: an ATM network interface for an SCI-based system, O. Kure and K. Moldeklev architectures of multimedia communication subsystems, E. Rutsche and M. Kaiserswerth user's vs provider's views of quality of service in B-ISDN, D. Dromard et al performance management issues in ATM networks, G. Pujolle and D. Gaiti network architecture for the introductory phase broadband subscriber access network, S. Hong et al support of data communication in an ATM LAN, R. Castro et al. Part 4 Network management and performance measurement: a monitoring system for local area networks using distributed measurements, W. Schollenberger advanced protocol analysers, L. Absillis and M. Goosens performance measurements of ISODE and the convergence protocol RFC 1006, W. Reinhardt and E. Fenger. Part 5 Network security: interdomain guardians in a distributed directory service, D.W. Chadwick and N. Pope secure multicast communications using a key distribution center, F. Jordan and M. Medina a tool for support of key distribution and validity certificate check in global directory service, B. Jerman-Blazic et al.
12B-5 Eigen-Based Clutter Filters for Color Flow Imaging: Single-Ensemble vs. Multi-Ensemble Approaches (2007)

In designing eigen-based clutter filters for color flow imaging, one of the challenges is to develop an accurate way of estimating the eigen-components that represent clutter in slow- time ensembles. To provide new insights on the problem, this paper presents a comparative analysis on how eigen-fllters perform when using eigen-estimation methods that involve multiple ensembles or a single ensemble. The analysis consists of two parts: 1) a comparative review on the principles behind different eigen-estimation methods; 2) an eigen-flltering experiment done with coronary flow imaging data acquired from a porcine during bypass graft operation. For an imaging case containing tissue motion due to myocardial contraction, our analysis showed that the single-ensemble eigen-fllter shared similar performance with a multi-ensemble eigen-fllter that uses small (5times5) ensemble windows (with about 1 dB difference in clutter suppression level). Results also showed that a multi-ensemble eigen-fllter with large (20times20) ensemble windows yielded poorer performance (clutter suppression level was 3 to 6 dB lower).
A New Approach to Zero-Copy Message Passing with Reversible Memory Allocation in Multi-core Architectures (2012)

We present a new Zero-Copy approach for message passing in a tightly coupled, multi - process parallel discrete event simulation. Our approach is highly scalable and is suited for large scale distributed simulations. A Zero-Copy approach never copies message content. Rather, messages are created initially in a shared - memory region, and only a smart pointer referring to the shared memory object is passed to a message recipient. The smart pointer can be dereferenced normally, and has reference count semantics allowing memory reuse when no references remain. This approach significantly reduces the amount of data copied between processes and results in considerable improvement in overall application performance as compared to more traditional shared - memory based message passing. We demonstrate the efficiency of our approach using two distributed discrete event simulators using conservative synchronization. However, we also included knowledge of the Global Virtual Time and the Current Simulation Time in our memory management algorithms, allowing rollbacks and reclaiming of memory that was freed prematurely.
Recent strategies to minimise fouling in electrochemical detection systems (2016)

Abstract Electrode fouling is a phenomenon that can severely affect the analytical characteristics of a technique or a sensor, such as sensitivity, detection limit, reproducibility, and overall reliability. Electrode fouling generally involves the passivation of an electrode surface by a fouling agent that forms an increasingly impermeable layer on the electrode, inhibiting the direct contact of an analyte of interest with the electrode surface for electron transfer. Some potential fouling agents include proteins, phenols, amino acids, neurotransmitters, and other biological molecules. Various antifouling strategies have been reported to reduce or eliminate electrode fouling. Most antifouling strategies exploit a protective layer or barrier on an electrode substrate to prevent the fouling agent from reaching the electrode surface. Although such strategies can be quite effective, they are inappropriate for systems in which the analyte itself is also the fouling agent. In such cases, other strategies must be used, including electrode surface modification and electrochemical activation. In this review, recent strategies to minimise and efforts to overcome electrode fouling across a diverse range of analytes and fouling agents will be presented.
The Prsence of Compounds with a Carbon-Phosphorus Bond in Some Marine Invertebrates<sup>*</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Prsence of Compounds with a Carbon-Phosphorus Bond in Some Marine Invertebrates*Louis D. QuinCite this: Biochemistry 1965, 4, 2, 324–330Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00878a022https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00878a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations77LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Resolution Electron Microscopy of Modulated Structure in 20 K Superconducting Oxide Bi<sub>2</sub>Sr<sub>2</sub>CuO<sub>y</sub> (1988)

The structure of the 20 K superconductor Bi 2 Sr 2 CuO y is examined by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy. A strongly modulated structure due to the periodic lattice distortions is observed. The unit cell is B-centered monoclinic with a m =0.54, b m =2.6, c m =2.8 nm and α=116°, where b m is incommensurate with the tetragonal subcell. The pseudo-orthorhombic setting of the unit cell, where A = a m =0.54, B = b m =2.6 and C =2 c m cos α=5.0 nm, reported previously [Matsui et al. : Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27 (1988) L827], is considered convenient to compare the superstructure with the orthorhombic one of the 80 K superconductor Bi 2 Sr 2 CaCu 2 O y .
Primary structure and evolution of rat growth hormone gene. (1981)

The rat growth hormone gene was isolated on a cloned 11.4-kilobase EcoRI-generated DNA fragment from a bacteriophage "library" of chromosomal DNA. The structural gene sequence, approximately 2.1 kilobases long, was identified by hybridization to the corresponding cloned rat growth hormone cDNA and shown to contain four intervening sequences. The complete primary structure of the gene and the 5' and 3'-flanking regions was determined. The mosaic structure of exons and introns can be related to the different biological activities of growth hormone and to the evolution from ancestral sequences of a gene that was the precursor to the growth hormone and the related prolactin and placental lactogen (chorionic somatomammotropin) genes. The largest intron was found to contain a dispersed repetitive DNA sequence flanked by perfect 18-base pair direct repeats. The mobility of sequences of this kind could play a role in the observed variation of intron sizes and in rearrangements of mammalian genes.
Infrared picosecond laser for perforation of single plant cells (2007)

The functional analysis of plant cells at the cellular and subcellular levels requires novel technologies for the directed manipulation of individual cells. In this report, we demonstrate the use of an infrared (1,064 nm) picosecond laser for the perforation of tobacco cell protoplasts. A single pulse was sufficient to perforate the plasma membrane enabling the uptake of dye from the surrounding medium into the cytosol. Moreover, the procedure was shown to be suitable for the efficient delivery of DNA expression constructs to the nucleus, as demonstrated by the subsequent expression and correct targeting of a recombinant fluorescent protein. Single cell perforation using this novel optoporation method shows that isolated plant cells can be permeabilized without direct manipulation. This is a valuable procedure for cell-specific applications, particularly where the import of specific molecules into plant cells is required for functional analysis.
Coexistence of ferroelectricity and antiferroelectricity in epitaxial PbZrO3 films with different orientations (2008)

The temperature dependence of the ferroelectric hysteresis and capacitance in PbZrO3 epitaxial films with (120)O and (001)O orientations was investigated in the 4.2–400K temperature range. It was found that the films with (120)O orientation show a mixture of ferroelectric and antiferroelectric phases on the entire temperature range up to room temperature, with the ferroelectric phase more stable at low temperatures. Above room temperature the (120)O oriented films seem to behave only as an antiferroelectric material. By contrast, films with (001)O orientation show only ferroelectric behavior up to a temperature of about 60K when the single hysteresis loop splits into a double loop characteristic for antiferroelectrics. Above this temperature the (001)O oriented films show only antiferroelectric behavior up to 400K. The temperature dependence of capacitance and loss tangent clearly shows a maximum at around 16K in the case of the (001)O oriented film. This might be associated with a low temperature ferroelectric-antiferroelectric phase transition. However, this transition is not visible in the (120)O oriented films.
Wave splitting and the reflection operator for the wave equation in R3 (1989)

The problem of wave splitting in a nonhomogeneous medium in R3 is considered. Previous results for wave splitting in a planar stratified medium can be generalized to a general nonhomogeneous medium (with sufficiently smooth velocity). The wave equation is factorized into an up- and down-going wave system using certain integral and integral-differential operators. The equation for the reflection operator (which relates the up-going wave to a down-going wave) is then obtained, and certain properties of the reflection operator are deduced.
Heteroepitaxial Semiconductors for Electronic Devices (1979)

Some years ago it was not uncommon for materials scientists, even within the electronics industry, to work relatively independently of device engi- neers. Neither group had a means to determine whether or not the materials had been optimized for application in specific device structures. This mode of operation is no longer desirable or possible. The introduction of a new material, or a new form of a well known material, now requires a close collaborative effort between individuals who represent the disciplines of materials preparation, materials characterization, device design and pro- cessing, and the analysis of the device operation to establish relationships between device performance and the materials properties. The develop- ment of devices in heteroepitaxial thin films has advanced to the present state specifically through the unusually close and active interchange among individuals with the appropriate backgrounds. We find no book available which brings together a description of these diverse disciplines needed for the development of such a materials-device technology. Therefore, the authors of this book, who have worked in close collaboration for a number of years, were motivated to collect their experiences in this volume. Over the years there has been a logical flow of activity beginning with heteroepi- taxial silicon and progressing through the III-V and II-VI compounds. For each material the early emphasis on material preparation and characteriza- tion later shifted to an emphasis on the analysis of the device characteristics specific to the materials involved.
Unexplained CD4‐positive T‐cell deficiency in non‐HIV patients presenting as a <i>Pneumocystis carinii</i> pneumonia (1991)

Three cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia occurring in adults with unexplained T-cell defects are reported. No HIV markers were found during the follow up, and neither was any immunosuppressive disease. The authors emphasize the possibility that Pneumocystis pneumonia may occur and may be treated successfully in previously healthy subjects.
Effect of Pore Structure on the Nitridation of Mesoporous Silica with Ammonia (2010)

Abstract Various mesoporous silicas [MCM‐41(M41), SBA‐15(SBA15), MCM‐48(M48)] and silica gel were nitrided with ammonia in a plug‐flow reactor at 1273 K. The nitrogen contents of various (oxy)nitrides obtained were increased with the amount of ammonia supplied per sample weight. The nitridation rates of silica samples were not changed with the pore sizes of the samples but with the pore structures. They were dependent on the surface areas of the parent silicas. The maximum contents of nitrogen in nitrided M41s, SBA15, M48, and silica gel were ca. 38, 35, 39, and 21 wt.‐%, respectively, which indicates the great difference between the reactivity of the mesoporous silicas and silica gel. 29 Si NMR and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy also supported the progress in almost complete nitridation of the former samples. The XRD and the FE‐SEM measurements revealed that the mesoporous (oxy)nitrides maintained the original 2D hexagonal or 3D cubic mesopore structures and particle morphology. Nitrogen sorption analysis showed that the pore diameters, the surface areas, and the primary mesopore volumes were varied with the nitridation degrees and the types of pore structures but there occurred no destruction of pore structures. Finally, the stabilities of the silicon (oxy)nitrides prepared were studied. The pore structures and nitrogen contents remained essentially unchanged upon storage under a nitrogen atmosphere, immersion in 1‐buthanol or toluene, or by heating under H 2 flow at 1073 K. Heating samples under O 2 flow at 1073 K resulted in the collapse of the pore structures and a decrease in nitrogen content.
A novel single-chip RF-voltage-controlled oscillator for bio-sensing applications (2009)

A novel interdigiated capacitance (IDC) based affinity biosensor system is presented that detects C-Reactive Protein (CRP), a risk marker for cardiovascular diseases, and transmit the information to a distance location wirelessly. The biosensor system consist of a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) and an IDC. In the presence of CRP the capacitance of the IDC changes and this directly reflects to the oscillation frequency of the VCO. In the presence of 800 ng/ml antigen the frequency of the system shifts from 1.9438 GHz to 1.94175 GHz and with 64 ug/ml frequency shifts from 1.95975 GHz to 1.94875 GHz with -120 dBc/Hz phase noise.
Relationship Between Extractable Chlorophyll and an in Situ Method to Estimate Leaf Greenness (1987)

Abstract Traditional quantification of leaf chlorophyll requires destructive sampling of leaves and tedious extraction in 80% acetone (1,2), whereas N, N -dimethylformamide (DMF) is an alternative solvent that does not require tissue grinding (3). Minolta has recently marketed a portable meter (SPAD-501) for a rapid and nondestructive estimate of leaf greenness. Earlier results indicate a weak but significant correlation ( r 2 = 0.48) between SPAD readings and leaf chlorophyll extracted in acetone from data pooled from 22 species (5). The purpose of this study was to address three questions: a) is there a species-specific relationship between the SPAD readings and extractable chlorophyll; b) is the relationship of SPAD readings stronger when chlorophyll is expressed on a leaf area-or fresh-weight basis; and c) what is the consistency between two individual SPAD-501 instruments?
Nuclear Relaxation in Aluminum (1959)

Nuclear spin-lattice relaxation times ${T}_{1}$ and phase memory times ${T}_{2}$ have been measured in 99.99% pure aluminum foil from 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to the melting point by the spin-echo method. At high temperature the line narrows due to self-diffusion, as previously observed by Seymour. The temperature dependence of the narrowing gives an activation energy of self-diffusion ${E}_{D}$ of 1.4\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.1 ev. From the measured "narrowing temperature" and Nowick's theoretical estimate of ${D}_{0}$, the same value of ${E}_{D}$ is found. As predicted theoretically, measurements show that ${T}_{1}$ arises from interaction with conduction electrons and is inversely proportional to temperature from 1\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K to 930\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At the highest temperatures, an unknown line broadening mechanism is found which is believed to represent quadrupole coupling to strain fields of dislocations. The measurements were made feasible only through the use of a phase-coherent detection system, a description of which is given.