gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzymatic Hydrolysis and Synthesis of Soy Protein to Improve its Amino Acid Composition and Functional Properties (2000)

ABSTRACT: Soy protein was enzymatically modified and ultrafiltred, and functional properties were evaluated. After enzymatic hydrolysis, hydrolysate (20 g/100 mL) was incubated with chymotrypsin and glycerol at 37°C. Different methionine methyl‐ester concentrations, pHs, and time were tested. Amino acid composition and functional properties of ultrafiltrated fractions (FI>10, 10>FII>3, and 3>FII>1 kDa) were evaluated. Optimum hydrolysis conditions were 12 h and 50°C, and those of synthesis were 0.07585 g Met/g, pH 7, and 3 h, binding 2.2% to 5% methionine. Fractions under 10 kDa presented 100% solubility and the best clarity. High‐methionine fractions had higher foam volume, lower emulsifying capacity and hydrophobicity. Modified hydrolysates have a potential for use in soluble high nutritional products.
Continuous flow separation of particles within an asymmetric microfluidic device (2006)

A microfluidic based device has been developed for the continuous separation of polymer microspheres, taking advantage of the flow characteristics of systems. The chip consists of an asymmetric cavity with variable channel width which enables continuous amplification of the particle separation for different size particles within the laminar flow profile. The process has been examined by varying the sample inlet position, the sample to media flow rate ratio, and the total flow rate. This technique can be applied for manipulating both microscale biological and colloidal particles within microfluidic systems.
Abundant expression of type <i>l</i> K+ channels. A marker for lymphoproliferative diseases? (1988)

Using the patch clamp whole-cell recording technique, we studied expression of K+ channels in mAb-defined T cell subsets from diseased C3H-lpr/lpr and C3H-gld/gld mice and from healthy C3H-HeJ congenic controls. Both mutant mouse strains develop a lupus-like syndrome accompanied by hyperplasia of a functionally and phenotypically abnormal T cell subset. These defective cells, which are Thy-1.2+ CD4- CD8- B220+ F23.1+, display an abundance of type l K+ channels. Phenotypically similar lymph node T cells from normal C3H-HeJ mice, or young C3H-lpr/lpr mice before the onset of disease, do not display large numbers of type l K+ channels. CD4+ CD8- T cells (helper/inducer) from the mutant mice express a small number of type n K+ channels, and CD4- CD8+ T cells (suppressor/cytotoxic) show a low level of type l or n' K+ channels, as do their phenotypically equivalent counterparts in the normal mouse thymus. These results suggest that the abundant expression of type l K+ channels is a marker for the defective lpr and gld T cell subset and may reflect the "abnormal" proliferative status of these cells.
Fuel Permeation Performance of Polymeric Materials Analyzed by Gas Chromatography and Sorption Techniques (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the results of permeation and sorption tests conducted to assess the properties of several plastic materials as barriers to fuel. The materials examined include ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymers (EVOH), nylon, high density polyethylene, polyketone, poly-vinyledene fluoride (PVDF) as well as tetra-fluoro-ethylene, hexa-fluoro-propylene and vinyledene fluoride terpolymers (THV). The permeation from thin films of these materials exposed to methanol or CM15 was analyzed (speciated) by gas chromatography. These results are compared to those of parallel sorption experiments conducted on the same materials. The goal of this work is to determine the materials best suited for fuel barrier applications.</div>
Inhibiting spontaneous etching of nanoscale electron beam induced etching features: Solutions for nanoscale repair of extreme ultraviolet lithography masks (2008)

Electron beam induced etching (EBIE) is an important technique for repairing nanoscale defects on extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography masks as it provides excellent spatial resolution and etch selectivity while minimizing collateral damage to the mask. While EBIE itself is a complex process, a current problem with EBIE of the TaN EUV mask absorber layer using XeF2 is the spontaneous etching of repaired features during subsequent edits of the mask. This work explores three passivation techniques for controlling the spontaneous etching after an EBIE repair is made. An oxygen plasma was used to attempt to oxidize the TaN sidewalls, but it was not successful at stopping the spontaneous etching. An active electron beam induced passivation using water was successful at stopping the spontaneous etching. Also, simple adsorption of water molecules on the TaN sidewalls was successful at inhibiting spontaneous etching. The successful passivation strategies are affected by subsequent scanning electron beam imaging. It was determined that the electron beam activated passivation can be damaged by electron beam imaging in the presence of residual XeF2 on the surface. Also, the adsorbed water passivation strategy is susceptible to electron induced desorption of the water.
Interaction between cadmium and phenobarbital on the activity of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase system in the male rat. (1980)

Pretreatment of male rats with phenobarbital markedly stimulates, while treatment with cadmium inhibits, the activity of the hepatic microsomal monooxygenase enzyme system. When both agents were administered concomitantly, the stimulatory effect of phenobarbital and the inhibitory effect of cadmium cancelled each other.
Tokenization: Open Asset Protocol on Blockchain (2019)

Token represents the right to do some operations in software. In blockchain, there are two types of tokens: utility token and security token. They endow the items of token more value in blockchain world. In order to achieve asset tokenization, we propose a new kind of token in this paper, the asset-backed token, which is used for the proposed blockchain based Open Asset Protocol (OAP). Using OAP, we show to how to convert both of the real and virtual objects to asset-backed tokens on blockchain. Then we discussed a new method for data utilization and privacy-preserving based on OAP and compare with our previous scheme, the Secure Multi-Party Computation (SMPC). Additionally, we introduce the Policy-Backed Token(PBT), which is an instance implementing OAP in insurance industry. We have applied PBT in the airline travel insurance product E-life of an insurance company.
Effects of free and bound insulin‐like growth factors on proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage explants (1992)

This article describes the effects of bound forms of insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) on proteoglycan metabolism by bovine articular cartilage in explant culture. When these growth factors were added to articular cartilage explants complexed with their native serum binding proteins (BPs), both IGF-I-BP complex and IGF-II-BP complex stimulated proteoglycan synthesis to different degrees over a 3-day period. When added to the medium of cultures of articular cartilage over 5 days, IGF-II-BP complex induced high rates of synthesis and low rates of catabolism of proteoglycans, giving rise to tissue levels of proteoglycan similar to those observed in fresh tissue. When articular cartilage was maintained in culture with the same concentration of IGF-I-BP complex, tissue levels of proteoglycans fell over the culture period because of lower rates of proteoglycan synthesis. Analysis of the proteoglycans synthesized by articular cartilage in the presence of free or bound IGF-I or IGF-II showed that these growth factors stimulated the rate of synthesis of the large proteoglycan species present in cartilage but did not affect the synthesis of the small proteoglycans.
Association of Inflammation and Malnutrition with Cardiac Valve Calcification in Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients (2001)

Cardiac valve calcification (VC) has long been regarded as a consequence of aging and abnormal calcium-phosphate metabolism in uremic patients. In view of the recent recognition of association among inflammation, malnutrition, and atherosclerosis, the possible role of inflammation and malnutrition in VC was investigated. Inflammatory markers (including C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen, and basal metabolic rate) and nutritional status (assessed using serum albumin, subjective global nutrition assessment, and handgrip strength) were examined, in addition to calcium phosphate parameters and other traditional cardiovascular risk factors, including gender, smoking habits, BP, and lipid profile, in relation to VC in 137 patients who were on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Compared with patients with no VC, patients with VC not only were older (60 [10] versus 54 [12] yr; P = 0.005), had higher plasma phosphate (1.89 [0.52] versus 1.64 [0.41] mmol/L; P = 0.003), and had higher parathyroid hormone (83 [40, 145] versus 38 [16, 71] pmol/L; P = 0.001) but also had higher CRP (4.5 [0.1, 13.4] versus 0.2 [0.1, 4.4] mg/L; P = 0.004), had higher fibrinogen (6.6 [1.9] versus 5.7 [1.3] g/L; P = 0.002), and had lower serum albumin (26 [4] versus 29 [3] g/L; P = 0004). Twenty-three percent of patients with VC versus 17% of patients with no VC were moderately to severely malnourished according to subjective global nutrition assessment (P = 0.05). Even after adjustment for patients' age, duration of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis, diabetes, and calcium x phosphate product, cardiac VC remained strongly associated with CRP (odds ratio, 1.05; P = 0.026) and albumin (odds ratio, 0.85; P = 0.01). The data suggest that VC not only is a passive degenerative process but also involves active inflammation, similar to that seen in atherosclerosis. The presence of uncontrolled hyperphosphatemia and hyperparathyroidism further accelerates the progression of calcification. The data also indicate that VC and atherosclerosis should be considered as associated syndromes, sharing similar pathogenic mechanisms, namely active inflammation.
The neuroprotective effect of progesterone after traumatic brain injury in male mice is independent of both the inflammatory response and growth factor expression (2005)

Previous studies suggest that progesterone may possess neuroprotective properties after traumatic insult but, with the exception of reduced formation of cerebral oedema, limited experimental evidence has been presented to support this claim. In the present study we focused on the effect of progesterone treatment on structural and functional deficits in an experimental model of traumatic brain injury. Female mice exhibited significantly (P = 0.0445) reduced lesion volumes compared with males after aseptic cryogenic cerebral injury (ACI), suggesting that female sex steroids provide protection against this injury. In male mice, progesterone treatment after injury (three intraperitoneal doses of 8 mg/kg) reduced lesion volume (P = 0.0429) and improved performance in a spatial cognitive task (Morris water maze; P = 0.0014). However, progesterone had no demonstrable effect on the formation of oedema as measured using T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging, nor did it affect brain water content. The pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-1beta, and growth factors BDNF and G-CSF, were all strongly transcriptionally activated after ACI. However, progesterone administration did not affect expression of these genes. This study provides strong evidence that progesterone possesses neuroprotective properties in a mouse model of traumatic brain injury, but suggests that the steroid achieves this effect through mechanism(s) independent of the inflammatory response or growth factor up-regulation.
Model-Driven Process Configuration of Enterprise Systems (2005)

The configuration of comprehensive enterprise systems to meet the specific requirements of an organisation up to today is consuming significant resources. The results of failing or delayed enterprise system implementation projects are severe and may even threaten the organisation’s existence. One of the main drivers for implementing comprehensive enterprise systems is to streamline business processes. However, an intuitive conceptual support for business process configuration is insufficiently addressed by enterprise system vendors and inadequately researched in academia. This paper presents a model-driven approach to target this problem and proposes several configuration patterns that describe generic patterns of configuration alternatives, in order to understand what situations can occur during business process configuration. Based on these configuration patterns, a configuration notation is introduced that allows for visually highlighting configuration alternatives. Finally, we will sketch how configurable Event Driven Process Chains and the configuration of business processes can be supported using relational databases.
Endothelial STAT3 is essential for the protective effects of HO‐1 in oxidant‐induced lung injury (2006)

Administering high levels of inspired oxygen, or hyperoxia, is commonly used as a life-sustaining measure in critically ill patients. Unfortunately, the oxidant stress generated by prolonged hyperoxia can lead to respiratory failure, multiorgan failure, and death. Although the endothelial cell is known to be a target for hyperoxia-induced injury, its precise role is unclear. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and "signal transducer and activator of transcription 3" (STAT3) have been found to confer protection against endothelial cell injury. We sought to elucidate the specific roles of HO-1 and STAT3 in hyperoxic lung and endothelial cell injury. Mice or murine lung endothelial cells (MLEC) administered HO-1 siRNA exhibited marked injury and death compared with nonspecific siRNA. Overexpression of either HO-1 or STAT3 confers protection. However, HO-1 and its reaction product carbon monoxide (CO) lose their protective effects in the presence of STAT3 siRNA in MLEC or in endothelial-specific, STAT3-deficient mice. STAT3 overexpression is able to partially rescue HO-1-deficient MLEC from hyperoxia-induced cell death. Our results demonstrate 1) the importance of the endothelium in lethal hyperoxic injury, 2) HO-1 and CO require endothelial STAT3 for their protective effects, and 3) STAT3 confers endothelial cell protection via both HO-1-dependent and independent mechanisms.
Best practices for producing quality image files (2006)

http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/40247/1/Images-Best_Practice.pdf
Synthesis of low molecular weight poly(<i>N</i>‐acryloylmorpholine) end‐functionalized with primary amino groups, and its use as macromonomer for the preparation of poly(amidoamines) (1995)

Abstract Amphiphilic oligomers of poly( N ‐acryloylmorpholine) terminated at one end by primary amino groups have been prepared by free radical polymerization of the corresponding monomer, N ‐acryloylmorpholine, in the presence of cysteamine (2‐mercaptoethylamine) as chain‐transfer agent. The polymerization reaction was performed in aqueous media at acidic pH, in order to avoid any hydrogen‐transfer addition reaction the the acrylic double bonds by the SH or NH 2 groups present in cysteamine. The chain‐transfer constant of cysteamine towards N ‐acryloylmorpholine, under the conditions we used, was found to be very close to 1. The aminated poly( N ‐acryloylmorpholine) oligomers were found to behave as true macromonomers in polyaddition reactions with a diacrylamide, leading to new poly(amidoamines) carrying poly( N ‐acryloylmorpholine) chains as side substituents.
Design, testing, and operation of a plug-flow, inclined fluidized bed reactor (1987)

This report describes the design, testing, and initial operation of a plug-flow, fluidized bed reactor. The reactor is designed to overcome the problem of nonuniform residence times of particles having different sizes, which is common when using conventional, vertical, fluidized beds. Cold-flow tests using solid tracers have verified that the inclined fluidized bed is a plug-flow reactor. The reactor retains the desirable characteristics of fluidized beds such as high heat transfer rates, good mixing, high throughput, and no moving parts, while it also has the capability for uniform residence times of different-sized particles and nonisothermal operation. Combustion tests show the reactor is capable of burning 96 to 99% of the organic carbon from oil shales containing 6.2 to 13.9 wt % organic carbon and 76% from retorted shale containing 2.9 wt % organic carbon. Retorting tests using eastern shale with steam produce very heavy, viscous oil that does not flow from the present oil collection equipment. Oil would not flow from collection equipment during shakedown tests of the combined retort and combustor system with eastern and western shale retorted with pyrolysis gas. Yields were estimated from spent shale analyses at 103 and 114% of Fischer assay for tests using westernmore » and eastern shales. Recommendations are made for improvements in the oil collection equipment and future tests. Provision should be made to separate and remove heavy oil above its pour point. A factorial matrix of tests to study residence time, gas composition, and bed temperature is recommended. 14 refs., 10 figs., 10 tabs.« less
Non–AIDS-defining malignancies in patients with HIV infection (1996)

HIV-infected individuals are at an increased risk for development of cancers other than the three AIDS-defining malignancies. Two non-AIDS-defining cancers, germ cell tumors and Hodgkin's disease, have been reported in the setting of HIV infection with increased frequency compared with their incidence in the general population. Other non-AIDS-defining malignancies frequently reported in the setting of HIV infection include lung cancer, squamous and basal cell carcinomas of the skin, anal carcinoma, and pediatric leiomyosarcomas.
Cbfa1 Isoforms Exert Functional Differences in Osteoblast Differentiation (1999)

Cbfa1 is an essential transcription factor for osteoblast differentiation and bone formation. We investigated functional differences among three isoforms of Cbfa1: Type I (originally reported as Pebp2alphaA by Ogawa et al. (Ogawa, E., Maruyama, M., Kagoshima, H., Inuzuka, M., Lu, J., Satake, M., Shigesada, K., and Ito, Y. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 90, 6859-6863), Type II (originally reported as til-1 by Stewart et al. (Stewart, M., Terry, A., Hu, M., O'Hara, M., Blyth, K., Baxter, E., Cameron, E., Onions, D. E., and Neil, J. C. (1997) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 94, 8646-8651), and Type III (originally reported as Osf2/Cbfa1 by Ducy et al. (Ducy, P., Zhang, R., Geoffroy, V., Ridall, A. L., and Karsenty, G. (1997) Cell 89, 747-754). A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis demonstrated that these isoforms were expressed in adult mouse bones. The transient transfection of Type I or Type II Cbfa1 in a mouse fibroblastic cell line, C3H10T1/2, induced the expression of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity. This induction was synergistically enhanced by the co-introduction of Xenopus BMP-4 cDNA. In contrast, the transient transfection of Type III cDNA induced no ALP activity. In C3H10T1/2 cells stably transfected with each isoform of Cbfa1, the gene expression of ALP was also strongly induced in cells transfected with Type I and Type II Cbfa1 but not in cells with Type III Cbfa1. Osteocalcin, osteopontin,and type I collagen gene expressions were induced or up-regulated in all of the cells stably transfected with each isoform of Cbfa1, and Type II transfected cells exhibited the highest expression level of osteocalcin gene. A luciferase reporter gene assay using a 6XOSE2-SV40 promoter (6 tandem binding elements for Cbfa1 ligated in front of the SV40 promoter sequence), a mouse osteocalcin promoter, and a mouse osteopontin promoter revealed the differences in the transcriptional induction of target genes by each Cbfa1 isoform with or without its beta-subunit. These results suggest that all three of the Cbfa1 isoforms used in the present study are involved in the stimulatory action of osteoblast differentiation, but they exert different functions in the process of osteoblast differentiation.
The Role of Mucosal Immunity in Pertussis (2019)

Pertussis or whooping cough, mainly caused by <i>Bordetella pertussis</i>, is a severe respiratory disease that can affect all age groups but is most severe and can be life-threatening in young children. Vaccines against this disease are widely available since the 1950s. Despite high global vaccination coverage, the disease is not under control in any country, and its incidence is even increasing in several parts of the world. Epidemiological and experimental evidence has shown that the vaccines fail to prevent <i>B. pertussis</i> infection and transmission, although they are very effective in preventing disease. Given the high infection rate of <i>B. pertussis</i>, effective control of the disease likely requires prevention of infection and transmission in addition to protection against disease. With rare exceptions <i>B. pertussis</i> infections are restricted to the airways and do not usually disseminate beyond the respiratory epithelium. Therefore, protection at the level of the respiratory mucosa may be helpful for an improved control of pertussis. Yet, compared to systemic responses, mucosal immune responses have attracted relatively little attention in the context of pertussis vaccine development. In this review we summarize the available literature on the role of mucosal immunity in the prevention of <i>B. pertussis</i> infection. In contrast to vaccination, natural infection in humans and experimental infections in animals induce strong secretory IgA responses in the naso-pharynx and in the lungs. Several studies have shown that secretory IgA may be instrumental in the control of <i>B. pertussis</i> infection. Furthermore, studies in mouse models have revealed that <i>B. pertussis</i> infection, but not immunization with current acellular pertussis vaccines induces resident memory T cells, which may also contribute to protection against colonization by <i>B. pertussis</i>. As these resident memory T cells are long lived, vaccines that are able to induce them should provide long-lasting immunity. As of today, only one vaccine designed to induce potent mucosal immunity is in clinical development. This vaccine is a live attenuated <i>B. pertussis</i> strain delivered nasally in order to mimic the natural route of infection. Due to its ability to induce mucosal immunity it is expected that this approach will contribute to improved control of pertussis.
Automatic creation of architectural CAD models (2002)

This paper describes the automatic creation of architectural CAD files from a sequence of images acquired by a single camera mounted on a mobile robot. Segments with particular 3-D orientations are detected and tracked across several images using a matching algorithm. The 3-D position and orientation of the corresponding scene edges are reconstructed by a structure from motion algorithm. Next, an interpretation stage tries to identify planar patches in the 3-D data. These patches are likely to correspond to walls, ceilings and floors in the scene. The resulting scene description is converted to an industry-standard CAD file format (DXF) so that data can be manipulated or displayed using conventional CAD programs. The goal of the entire system is to reduce or eliminate human intervention in the generation of CAD descriptions of existing buildings. This paper focuses on the latter stages of the CAD model generation, including planar patch identification.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>