gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mono‐unsaturated fatty acids protect against β‐cell apoptosis induced by saturated fatty acids, serum withdrawal or cytokine exposure (2004)

Long-chain saturated fatty acids are cytotoxic to pancreatic beta-cells while shorter-chain saturated and long-chain unsaturated molecules are better tolerated. Mono-unsaturated fatty acids are not, however, inert since they inhibit the pro-apoptotic effects of saturated molecules. In the present work we show that the mono-unsaturates palmitoleate (C16:1) or oleate (C18:1) also cause marked inhibition of apoptosis induced by exposure of clonal BRIN-BD11 beta-cells to serum withdrawal or a combination of interleukin-1beta plus interferon-gamma. This response was dose-dependent and not accompanied by changes in NO formation. Taken together, the results suggest that mono-unsaturated fatty acids regulate a distal step common to several apoptotic pathways in pancreatic beta-cells.
TCE removal from contaminated soil and ground water. Ground-water issue (1992)

PtdCho accumulation is a periodic, S phase-specific event that is modulated in part by cell cycle-dependent fluctuations in CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase (CCT) activity. A supply of fatty acids is essential to generate the diacylglycerol (DG) precursors for phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho) biosynthesis but it is not known whether the DG supply is also coupled to the cell cycle. Although the rate of fatty acid synthesis in a macrophage cell line was dramatically stimulated in response to the growth factor, CSF-1, it was not regulated by the cell cycle. Increased fatty acid synthesis correlated with elevated acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) and fatty acid synthase (FAS) steady-state mRNA levels. Cellular fatty acid synthesis was essential for membrane PL synthesis. Cerulenin inhibition of endogenous fatty acid synthesis also inhibited PtdCho synthesis, which was not relieved by exogenous fatty acids. Inhibition of CCT activity by the addition of lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPtdCho) or temperature-shift of a conditionally defective CCT diverted newly synthesized DG to the TG pool where it accumulated. Enforced expression of CCT stimulated PtdCho biosynthesis and reduced TG synthesis. Thus, the cellular DG supply did not regulate PtdCho biosynthesis and CCT activity governs the partitioning of DG into either the PL or TG pools, thereby controlling both PtdCho and TG biosynthesis.
ANGPTL8 promotes the ability of ANGPTL3 to bind and inhibit lipoprotein lipase (2017)

Together, these data indicate that ANGPTL8 binds to ANGPTL3 and that this complex is necessary for ANGPTL3 to efficiently bind and inhibit LPL.
Applications and approved projects on traditional Chinese medicine in National Natural Science Foundation of China in 2005 (2006)

National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) is an important part of national system for innovation, which provides financial assistance mainly for the basic and applied researches of natural sciences, especially for the researchers who work in the learning institutions and the agencies of scientific research with advanced facilities. This paper summarized the applications and approved projects on traditional Chinese medicine in NFSC in 2005. We initially analyzed the growth, quality, characteristics, tendency and problems of these items.
Magnetization of (100) Cu-Ni, (100) Cu-Co, and (100) Ni-Co superlattices deposited on silicon using a Cu seed layer (1990)

The magnetization of (100)Cu-Ni, (100)Cu-Co, and (100)Ni-Co superlattices has been studied. The structures were grown on the (100)Cu/Si substrates, with the (100)Cu epitaxially grown on the (100)Si as the seed. The (100)oriented superlattices show different magnetization curves from the (111) structures and from bulk (100)Ni and Co films. A much enhanced magnetization is observed for the (100)Cu-Ni superlattice with the field perpendicular to the film plane. The remanence is larger than that for the field parallel to the film plane. Negative remanence and coercivity are observed for the (100)Cu-Co and Ni-Co structures. The magnetization curve for the (100)Ni-Co superlattice is further shown to resemble a superposition of the Cu-Ni and Cu-Co ones. Upon heating the Ni-Co structure to 400 °C to consume more Ni than Co, a magnetization curve similar to that of the Cu-Co one is observed.
Extension of a two-step calibration methodology to include nonorthogonal sensor axes (2008)

We present an extension of the nonlinear two-step estimation algorithm originally developed for the calibration of solid-state strapdown magnetometers. We expand the algorithm to include nonorthogonality within a sensor set for both two- and three-axis sensors. Nonorthogonality can result from manufacturing issues, installation geometry, and in the case of magnetometers, from soft iron bias errors. Simulation studies for both two- and three-axis sensors show convergence of the improved algorithm to the true values, even in the presence of realistic measurement noise. Finally the algorithm is experimentally validated on a low-cost solid-state three-axis magnetometer set, which shows definite improvement postcalibration. We note that the algorithm is general and can be applied to any two- or three-axis sensor set (such as accelerometers) with an error model consisting of scale, offset, and nonorthogonality errors.
Generation of Brain Microvascular Endothelial-Like Cells from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells by Co-Culture with C6 Glioma Cells (2015)

The blood brain barrier (BBB) is formed by brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMECs) and tightly regulates the transport of molecules from blood to neural tissues. In vitro BBB models from human pluripotent stem cell (PSCs)-derived BMECs would be useful not only for the research on the BBB development and function but also for drug-screening for neurological diseases. However, little is known about the differentiation of human PSCs to BMECs. In the present study, human induced PSCs (iPSCs) were differentiated into endothelial cells (ECs), and further maturated to BMECs. Interestingly, C6 rat glioma cell-conditioned medium (C6CM), in addition to C6 co-culture, induced the differentiation of human iPSC-derived ECs (iPS-ECs) to BMEC-like cells, increase in the trans-endothelial electrical resistance, decreased in the dextran transport and up-regulation of gene expression of tight junction molecules in human iPS-ECs. Moreover, Wnt inhibitors attenuated the effects of C6CM. In summary, we have established a simple protocol of the generation of BMEC-like cells from human iPSCs, and have demonstrated that differentiation of iPS-ECs to BMEC-like cells is induced by C6CM-derived signals, including canonical Wnt signals.
Vienna Fortran 90 (2003)

Vienna Fortran 90 is a language extension of Fortran 90 which enables the user to write programs for distributed memory multiprocessors using global data references only. Performance of software on such systems is profoundly influenced by the manner in which data is distributed to the processors. Hence, Vienna Fortran 90 provides the user with a wide range of facilities for the mapping of data to processors. It combines the advantages of the shared memory programming paradigm with mechanisms for explicit user control of those aspects of the program which have the greatest impact on efficiency. The paper presents the major features of Vienna Fortran 90 and gives examples of their use.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a human lymphoblastoid cell line constitutively expressing human CYP1B1 cDNA: substrate specificity with model substrates and promutagens (1997)

An AHH-1 TK+/- cell derivative was developed that stably expresses human cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) cDNA in an extrachromosomal vector which confers resistance to 1-histidinol and co-expresses NADPH cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (OR). The CYP1B1-expressing cell line was designated h1B1/OR. Microsomes prepared from CYP1B1 cDNA expressing cells exhibit elevated levels of 7-ethoxy-resorufin deethylase (EROD), 7-ethoxy-4-trifluoromethyl-coumarin deethylase (EFCD), benzo(alpha)pyrene hydroxylase (BPH), bufuralol 1'-hydroxylase, testosterone hydroxylase activities and spectrally quantifiable cytochrome P450. CYP1B1-containing microsomes did not contain detectable coumarin 7-hydroxylase, p-nitrophenol hydroxylase, lauric acid hydroxylase, (S)-mephenytoin 4'-hydroxylase or diclofenac 4'-hydroxylase activities. Kinetic parameters for selected substrates were compared among CYP1B1 and the two additional members of the CYP1 family, CYP1A1 and CYP1A2. For BPH and EFCD, the rank order of rates of substrate metabolism were CYP1A1 > CYP1B1 > CYP1A2. For EROD, the rank order of substrate metabolism was CYP1A1 > CYP1A2 > CYP1B1. For both EROD and EFCD the apparent K(m) values for CYP1B1 were more similar to CYP1A1 than to CYP1A2. In order to begin to characterize the promutagen activating ability of CYP1B1, the mutagenicity of selected chemicals was examined in h1B1/OR cells; there was increased sensitivity (CYP1B1-expressing relative to control cells) to the mutagenicity of benzo(a)pyrene, cyclopenta(c,d)pyrene, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone and aflatoxin B1 (AFB). CYP1B1, expressed in this system, appears to be particularly efficient at activating AFB.
Inhibitors of lipid peroxidation among new pyrimido[1',6':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indoles. (1994)

A series of potent inhibitors of NADPH- and Fe(2+)-dependent lipid peroxidation has been found among new pyrimido[1'6':1,2]pyrido[3,4-b]indole derivatives. According to preliminary structure-activity relationship analysis the saturated pyrimidine moiety was responsible for this effect. Some members of this family were effective in a bilateral carotid occlusion model in mice, and some derivatives showed protective effect in a mouse head injury model.
Strategies for gene therapy (1996)

Whatever may be the pathology to be cured, infectious, leukemic, tumoral, genetic or degenerative, the stratgy for the transfer of a marker or therapeutic genes requires a comprehensive control of five parameters : 1) the gene of interest (transgene) ; 2) the transfer system ; 3) the target cell ; 4) the in vivo evaluation of the therapy and 5) the safety. For a specific disease, the therapeutic goals for gene transfer and the methods to reach them are multiple, even in the case of a monogenic disease. The pratical treatments we can forsee will be diverse, from the simple injection for vaccination of infectious diseases to sophisticated gene therapy requiring specific facilities and some time confinement of patients. An overview of the present strategies and their evolutions during the last fifteen years will be presented, from myth to reality.
TRAF4-mediated ubiquitination of NGF receptor TrkA regulates prostate cancer metastasis (2018)

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are important drivers of cancers. In addition to genomic alterations, aberrant activation of WT RTKs plays an important role in driving cancer progression. However, the mechanisms underlying how RTKs drive prostate cancer remain incompletely characterized. Here we show that non-proteolytic ubiquitination of RTK regulates its kinase activity and contributes to RTK-mediated prostate cancer metastasis. TRAF4, an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is highly expressed in metastatic prostate cancer. We demonstrated here that it is a key player in regulating RTK-mediated prostate cancer metastasis. We further identified TrkA, a neurotrophin RTK, as a TRAF4-targeted ubiquitination substrate that promotes cancer cell invasion and found that inhibition of TrkA activity abolished TRAF4-dependent cell invasion. TRAF4 promoted K27- and K29-linked ubiquitination at the TrkA kinase domain and increased its kinase activity. Mutation of TRAF4-targeted ubiquitination sites abolished TrkA tyrosine autophosphorylation and its interaction with downstream proteins. TRAF4 knockdown also suppressed nerve growth factor (NGF) stimulated TrkA downstream p38 MAPK activation and invasion-associated gene expression. Furthermore, elevated TRAF4 levels significantly correlated with increased NGF-stimulated invasion-associated gene expression in prostate cancer patients, indicating that this signaling axis is significantly activated during oncogenesis. Our results revealed a posttranslational modification mechanism contributing to aberrant non-mutated RTK activation in cancer cells.
Anticariogenic activity of piceatannol isolated from Callistemon citrinus fruit against Streptococcus mutans (2008)

Dental caries is the destruction of the enamel of teeth by Streptoccus mutans. S. mutans has been isolated from human dental plaque and is associated with the initial development of enamel lesions. We have studied the antibacterial action of the fruit of Callistemon citrinus against a cariogenic bacterium, S. mutans. From the fruit of C. citrinus, piceatannol (3,3',4',5-tetrahydroxystilbene) was isolated by repeated column chromatography with SiO2 and Sephadex LH-20. Its structure was elucidated by instrumental analysis using 1D-NMR, 2D-NMR and EI-MS. This compound was isolated from the fruit of C. citrinus for the first time. The anticarcinogenic activity of this compound was determined by using agar well-diffusion method and minimal inhibition concentration (MIC).
A Hybrid Testbed for Performance Evaluation of Large-Scale Datacenter Networks (2018)

Datacenters (DC) as well as their network interconnects are growing in scale and complexity. They are constantly being challenged in terms of energy and resource utilization efficiency, scalability, availability, reliability and performance requirements. Therefore, these resource-intensive environments must be properly tested and analyzed in order to make timely upgrades and transformations. However, a limited number of academic institutions and Research and Development companies have access to production scale DC Network (DCN) testing facilities, and resource-limited studies can produce misleading or inaccurate results. To address this problem, we introduce an alternative solution, which forms a solid base for a more realistic and comprehensive performance evaluation of different aspects of DCNs. It is based on the System-in-the-loop (SITL) concept, where real commercial DCN equipment (switches) is interconnected with simulated DCN nodes via the SITL virtual gateway modules in the Riverbed Modeler, forming a unified hybrid real-simulated DCN setup. This testbed is complemented with high performance network testers, which can generate a mix of different real traffic streams at L2-3 and L4-7 at the rates of 1, 10 or up to 40 Gbps. These components allow performance benchmarking tests to be conducted at large scale.
Toll-Like Receptors in Liver Fibrosis: Cellular Crosstalk and Mechanisms (2012)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors that distinguish conserved microbial products, also known as pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), from host molecules. Liver is the first filter organ between the gastrointestinal tracts and the rest of the body through portal circulation. Thus, the liver is a major organ that must deal with PAMPs and microorganisms translocated from the intestine and to respond to the damage associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) released from injured organs. These PAMPs and DAMPs preferentially activate TLR signaling on various cell types in the liver inducing the production of inflammatory and fibrogenic cytokines that initiate and prolong liver inflammation, thereby leading to fibrosis. We summarize recent findings on the role of TLRs, ligands, and intracellular signaling in the pathophysiology of liver fibrosis due to different etiology, as well as to highlight the potential role of TLR signaling in liver fibrosis associated with hepatitis C infection, non-alcoholic and alcoholic steatoheoatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, and cystic fibrosis.
Human T cell activation by phorbol esters and diacylglycerol analogues. (1989)

Abstract Activation of protein kinase C (PKC), by the phorbol ester PMA, or the membrane-permeable diacylglycerol 1-oleoyl 2-acetylglycerol (OAG), had different effects on the proliferation-associated responses of a more than 99% pure population of human T cells. Treatment with PMA or OAG caused down-regulation of the TCR-CD3 complex, but only PMA, in combination with ionomycin, was capable of stimulating IL-2R expression and proliferation. Immunocytochemical staining with antisera specific for the PKC subspecies alpha, beta I, beta II, and gamma showed that untreated resting T cells normally coexpress alpha, beta I, and beta II PKC subspecies, which are distributed diffusely throughout the cell, with some localization around the periphery of the nucleus. There was no difference between the responses of these PKC subspecies to OAG and PMA, redistributing, after 10 min of treatment, to a discrete focal area within the cell. Treatment with OAG resulted in transient redistribution of PKC, maximal at 10 min, while in PMA-stimulated cells, the PKC redistribution was prolonged, persisting for at least 24 h. The results suggest that the difference in cellular response to treatment with PMA and OAG is not a consequence of differential activation of various PKC subspecies.
Micro-grid fabrication of fluorinated polyimide by using magnetically controlled reactive ion etching (MC-RIE) (2002)

A micro grid consisting of 100- mu m-high pole-shaped counterelectrode elements arranged like a pair of interleaved combs was fabricated using a fluorinated polyimide as structural material and metallization and lift-off using a ZnO sacrificial layer. Research into the magnetically controlled reactive ion etching (MC-RIE) of fluorinated polyimide substrate has resulted in an etching selectivity of up to 2600. These conditions result in a smooth etched surface. Shaped constructions hundreds of micrometers high with a good perpendicular shape can be formed using the MC-RIE technique for fluorinated polyimide micro-fabrication. Moreover, many kinds of 3-D structural devices can be manufactured when this technology is combined to a lift-off method using a ZnO sacrificial layer.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Towards forming-free resistive switching in oxygen engineered HfO2−x (2014)

We have investigated the resistive switching behavior in stoichiometric HfO2 and oxygen-deficient HfO2−x thin films grown on TiN electrodes using reactive molecular beam epitaxy. Oxygen defect states were controlled by the flow of oxygen radicals during thin film growth. Hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed the presence of sub-stoichiometric hafnium oxide and defect states near the Fermi level. The oxygen deficient HfO2−x thin films show bipolar switching with an electroforming occurring at low voltages and low operating currents, paving the way for almost forming-free devices for low-power applications.
Mechanistic Study of Wettability Alteration Using Surfactants with Applications in Naturally Fractured Reservoirs (2008)

In naturally fractured reservoirs, oil recovery from waterflooding relies on the spontaneous imbibition of water to expel oil from the matrix into the fracture system. The spontaneous imbibition process is most efficient in strongly water-wet rock where the capillary driving force is strong. In oil- or mixed-wet fractured carbonate reservoirs, however, the capillary driving force for the spontaneous imbibition process is weak, and therefore the waterflooding oil recoveries are low. The recovery efficiency can be improved by dissolving low concentrations of surfactants in the injected water to alter the wettability of the reservoir rock to a more water-wet state. This wettability alteration accelerates the spontaneous imbibition of water into matrix blocks, thereby increasing the oil recovery during waterflooding. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the wettability alteration by surfactants, but none have been verified experimentally. Understanding of the mechanisms behind wettability alteration could help to improve the performance of the process and aid in identification of alternative surfactants for use in field applications. Results from this study revealed that ion-pair formation and adsorption of surfactant molecules through interactions with the adsorbed crude oil components on the rock surface are the two main mechanisms responsible for the wettability alteration. Previous researchers observed that, for a given rock type, the effectiveness of wettability alteration is highly dependent upon the ionic nature of the surfactant involved. Our experimental results demonstrated that ion-pair formation between the charged head groups of surfactant molecules and the adsorbed crude oil components on rock surface was more effective in changing the rock wettability toward a more water-wet state than the adsorption of surfactant molecules as a monolayer on the rock surface through hydrophobic interaction with the adsorbed crude oil components. By comparing two anionic surfactants with different charge densities, we propose that wettability alteration processes might be improved through the use of dimeric surfactants, which have two charged head groups and two hydrophobic tails. Gemini surfactants where the molecules are joined at the head end are likely to be effective when ion-pair formation is the wettability alteration mechanism, and bolaform surfactants, in which molecules are joined by the hydrophobic tails, should be more effective in the case of surfactant monolayer adsorption.
Improving Battery Design with Electro-Thermal Modeling (2005)

Temperature greatly affects the performance and life of batteries in electric and hybrid vehicles under real driving conditions, so increased attention is being paid to battery thermal management. Sophisticated electrochemical models and finite element analysis tools are available for predicting the thermal performance of batteries, but each has limitations. In this study we describe an electro-thermal finite element approach that predicts the thermal performance of a cell or module with realistic geometry, material properties, loads, and boundary conditions.
A Maximum Entropy Model for Part-Of-Speech Tagging (1996)

This paper presents a statistical model which trains from a corpus annotated with Part-OfSpeech tags and assigns them to previously unseen text with state-of-the-art accuracy(96.6%). The model can be classified as a Maximum Entropy model and simultaneously uses many contextual &quot;features&quot; to predict the POS tag. Furthermore, this paper demonstrates the use of specialized features to model difficult tagging decisions, discusses the corpus consistency problems discovered during the implementation of these features, and proposes a training strategy that mitigates these problems.