gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cursive script online character recognition with a recurrent neural network model (2003)

A study was conducted to assess the performance of a discrete-time recurrent neural network in cursive script character recognition. The pen coordinates were sampled at discrete times and sequentially entered on two separate channels to a bank of neural-network-based recognizers, each trained to recognize one specific character. The recognizers' outputs were collected and reconverted into a string of characters, with associated probabilities. This method was tried on a restricted alphabet of six letters. The results of the study are presented, and its extension to more complex situations is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
IP Over ICN - The Better IP? An Unusual Take on Information-Centric Networking (2015)

This paper presents a proposition for informationcentric networking (ICN) that lies outside the typical trajectory of aiming for a wholesale replacement of IP as the internetworking layer of the Internet. Instead, we propose that a careful exploitation of key ICN benefits, expanding previously funded ICN efforts, will enable individual operators to improve the performance of their IP-based services along many dimensions. Alongside the main motivation for our work, we present an early strawman architecture for such an IP-over-ICN proposition, which will ultimately be implemented and trialed in a recently started H2020 research effort.
A highly efficient chireix amplifier using adaptive power combining (2008)

A novel, highly efficient out-phasing amplifier with adaptive power combiner is presented. Saturated class-F operation is used for the amplifier cells. Varactor tuning is applied to make the output power combining network adaptive. Use of optimum input drive conditions and output varactor tuning, to eliminate imaginary loading introduced by the out-phasing principle, yields an amplifier efficiency of more than 50% over a 9 dB power back-off range.
Modification of Human Left Ventricular Relaxation by Small-Amplitude, Phase-Controlled Mechanical Vibration on the Chest Wall (1997)

Phase-controlled, small-amplitude vibration on the chest wall can directly modulate LV relaxation rate, especially in those with hypertrophy or failing ventricle.
A high-speed programmable CMOS interface system combining D/A conversion and FIR filtering (1994)

This paper describes the design, integrated circuit realization, and experimental characterization of a high-speed programmable interface system combining the functions of digital-to-analog (D/A) conversion and FIR filtering. The system comprises four high-speed digital delay lines, with programmable delay length, together with four high-speed steering-current D/A converters with independent digitally-programmable gains. A demonstration prototype chip has been fabricated in a 1.2-/spl mu/m digital CMOS technology. At 54 MHz conversion rate and digital delay lines clocked at 18 MHz, it consumes 115 mW for a full-scale output current of 13.3 mA at 5 V supply.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Putative Helicase of the Coronavirus Mouse Hepatitis Virus Is Processed from the Replicase Gene Polyprotein and Localizes in Complexes That Are Active in Viral RNA Synthesis (1999)

The coronavirus mouse hepatitis virus (MHV) translates its replicase gene (gene 1) into two co-amino-terminal polyproteins, polyprotein 1a and polyprotein 1ab. The gene 1 polyproteins are processed by viral proteinases to yield at least 15 mature products, including a putative RNA helicase from polyprotein 1ab that is presumed to be involved in viral RNA synthesis. Antibodies directed against polypeptides encoded by open reading frame 1b were used to characterize the expression and processing of the MHV helicase and to define the relationship of helicase to the viral nucleocapsid protein (N) and to sites of viral RNA synthesis in MHV-infected cells. The antihelicase antibodies detected a 67-kDa protein in MHV-infected cells that was translated and processed throughout the virus life cycle. Processing of the 67-kDa helicase from polyprotein 1ab was abolished by E64d, a known inhibitor of the MHV 3C-like proteinase. When infected cells were probed for helicase by immunofluorescence laser confocal microscopy, the protein was detected in patterns that varied from punctate perinuclear complexes to large structures that occupied much of the cell cytoplasm. Dual-labeling studies of infected cells for helicase and bromo-UTP-labeled RNA demonstrated that the vast majority of helicase-containing complexes were active in viral RNA synthesis. Dual-labeling studies for helicase and the MHV N protein showed that the two proteins almost completely colocalized, indicating that N was associated with the helicase-containing complexes. This study demonstrates that the putative RNA helicase is closely associated with MHV RNA synthesis and suggests that complexes containing helicase, N, and new viral RNA are the viral replication complexes.
Reconstruction of Precordial Lead Electrocardiogram From Limb Leads Using the State-Space Model (2015)

A new electrocardiogram (ECG) reconstruction method based on a state-space model is presented. This method was applied to reconstruct precordial leads from limb leads (lead I, II, III) for its validity verification. The system matrices of the state-space model were estimated at the model estimation stage by considering the limb lead signals as the input of the system and precordial lead signals as the output. To evaluate the performance of the proposed method, all of the 549 records of the Physikalisch Technische Bundesanstalt diagnostic ECG database were used, and the correlation coefficients (CC) and root-mean-square errors between reconstructed ECG and measured ECG were calculated. For a more objective evaluation, the results were compared with those of linear regression model that has been typically used for ECG reconstruction. The mean and median values of CCs were higher than 0.988 and 0.995, respectively, for healthy subject data, and also higher than 0.981 and 0.993, respectively, for cardiac patient data and comparable to those by linear regression model. In addition, it was found that the reconstruction performance depended on the type of disease rather than lead type. Among cardiac patient data, hypertrophy, myocarditis, valvular heart disease, and stable heart angina showed higher CC (>0.990), while unstable angina and heart failure showed lower CC of 0.932 and 0.914, respectively. Moreover, when ECG contaminated with the noise was used for reconstruction, the proposed method demonstrated better performance than linear regression model in general.
Isolierung und Strukturaufklärung von 11‐Desacetoxy‐wortmannin (1973)

Abstract The structure of 11‐desacetoxy‐wortmannin ( 3 ), a new antiinflammatory metabolite of the fungus Penicillium funiculosum THOM, has been elucidated by physico‐chemical methods and chemical correlation with wortmannin ( 1 ).
Newer Imaging Modalities to Assess Tumor in the Prostate (2004)

Future studies using these new techniques are needed to demonstrate changes in outcomes in large patient populations.
Improved identification of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> using a new agglutination test Results of an international study (1993)

A new reagent for the identification of Staphylococcus aureus, SLIDEX STAPH-KIT, operates on the principle of a latex and red blood cell combination agglutination: red blood cells are coated with fibrinogen for the detection of clumping factor, and latex particles are sensitized with anti-S. aureus serotype 18 monoclonal antibody for the detection of protein A and antigen 18. French strains belonging to serotype 18 are methicillin-resistant. The performance of this reagent was compared with STAPHYSLIDE and STAPHAUREX in Europe (France, Germany, Italy), in the United States and in Japan using 548 methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains, 392 methicillin-sensitive S. aureus strains, and 441 non-aureus staphylococci. The specificity of the three reagents was equivalent (98.8% for SLIDEX STAPH-KIT, 99.1% for STAPHYSLIDE, 98.1% for STAPHAUREX). SLIDEX STAPH-KIT (97.3%) was more sensitive than STAPHYSLIDE (93.5%) and STAPHAUREX (89.7%) for all S. aureus strains due to a higher rate of identified methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains.
A Simulation-based Optimization Approach to Efficiently Route Air Taxis in a Cyber-Physical Network (2020)

Besides air pollution and commuter stress, traffic congestions also lead to loss of productivity, increase in delay, vehicle operating cost, and accidents. To assuage these issues, several logistics companies are planning to launch air taxis, electric-powered vehicles that aim to provide faster passenger commutes on a daily basis at an affordable cost. This research is one of the first to propose a centralized framework to dispatch and route flying taxis in a cyber-physical network considering unique constraints pertaining to air taxi operations. The feasibility of the proposed approach is tested using potential air taxi demands in New York City (NYC) provided by a prior study. The results of the experimentation suggest that the minimum number of air taxis required for efficient operation in NYC is 84, functioning with an average utilization rate of 66%. In addition, the impacts of commuter willingness to fly rate, percentage of demand fulfillment, on-road travel limit, maximum customer wait time, and arrival distribution on the optimal number of air taxis, utilization rate, number of customers served and cost incurred per customer are examined. Analyses show that the willingness to fly rate appears to have a linear influence on the number of air taxis and the efficiency, while on-road travel distance has an exponential impact on the performance measures. The routing and dispatching algorithm developed in this paper can be used by any company that is interested in venturing into the air taxi market.
A boosting approach to remove class label noise (2005)

Ensemble methods have been known to improve prediction accuracy over the base learning algorithm. AdaBoost is well-recognized for that in its class. However, it is susceptible to overfitting the training instances corrupted by class label noise. This paper proposes a modification to AdaBoost that is more tolerant to class label noise, which further enhances its ability to boost prediction accuracy. In particular, we observe that in Adaboost, the weight-hike of noisy examples can be constrained by careful application of a cut-off in their weights. Effectiveness of our algorithm is demonstrated empirically using some artificially generated data. We also corroborate this on a number of data sets from UCI repository (Blake and Mertz, 1998). In both experimental settings, the results obtained affirm the efficacy of our approach. Finally, some of the significant characteristics of our technique related to noisy environments have been investigated.
History and Technology Developments of Radio Frequency (RF) Systems for Particle Accelerators (2015)

This article attempts to give a historical account and review of technological developments and innovations in radio frequency (RF) systems for particle accelerators. The evolution from electrostatic field to the use of RF voltage suggested by R. Wideröe made it possible to overcome the shortcomings of electrostatic accelerators, which limited the maximum achievable electric field due to voltage breakdown. After an introduction, we will provide reviews of technological developments of RF systems for particle accelerators.
Aged Garlic Extract Ameliorates Physical Fatigue (2006)

Aged garlic extract (AGE) has recently received attention as a potent anti-fatigue agent. The principal aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism responsible for the ameliorating effect of AGE on physical fatigue in rats caused by repeated endurance exercise on a mechanical treadmill apparatus. Rats were subjected to endurance exercise 5 times per week for 4 weeks. AGE at a dosage of 2.86 g/kg was administrated to rats 30 min before every exercise. Succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) activity in the gastrocnemius and soleus muscles and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, nitric oxide (NO) metabolites, and lactic acid concentration in plasma were evaluated as biomarkers of physical fatigue. SDH activity was increased 2-4-fold by repeated endurance exercise in comparison with unexercised (intact) rats, and AGE further up-regulated this activity by 40%. SOD activity was increased 5-fold, whereas AGE maintained it at a level equivalent to that in intact rats. Levels of NO metabolites were slightly decreased, whereas AGE enhanced them 2-fold. Lactic acid concentration was not changed in any of the groups. These results indicate that AGE may facilitate the turnover of aerobic glucose metabolism, attenuate oxidative stress, and promote oxygen supply based on vasodilation, suggesting that AGE ameliorates the various impairments associated with physical fatigue.
Electromagnetic Suspension of a Molten Zone (1956)

A new method of suspending a molten zone is as follows: clamp a horizontal cylindrical ingot at both ends; apply a horizontal magnetic field normal to the ingot where the zone is to be suspended; and pass a direct current through the ingot, creating an upward force equal and opposite to the gravitational force, thereby permitting the zone to be melted and suspended. It is shown theoretically that such a zone will be stable in a uniform magnetic field if its length-to-diameter ratio is less than π and if its length is less than 0.17(γ/ρ)½, where γ and ρ denote surface tension and density, respectively, in cgs units. Some experimental results and practical considerations are discussed.
Genetic and epigenetic alterations of the <i>KLF6</i> gene in hepatocellular carcinoma (2006)

The results suggest that genetic and epigenetic alteration of KLF6 may play a minor role in the development of HCC.
PRELINGUALLY DEAFENED CHILDREN??S PERFORMANCE WITH THE NUCLEUS MULTICHANNEL COCHLEAR IMPLANT (1993)

The speech perception abilities of 19 children with onset of deafness before age 3 years was examined after they received the Nucleus multichannel cochlear implant. The children were divided into two groups based on age at onset of deafness: children with congenital deafness (n = 8) and children with onset of deafness after birth but before age 3 (n = 11). There was no statistically significant difference between the scores of the two groups of subjects on 12 of the 13 speech perception tests administered. This finding suggests that children who are born deaf have the potential to derive the same benefit from cochlear implants as do children who have had some exposure to spoken language before the onset of their deafness. Examination of performance in terms of communication mode revealed that prelingually deafened children with implants who used oral communication obtained significantly higher scores on only 2 of the 13 speech perception measures than did children who used total communication. The data suggest that communication mode does not appear to account for large differences in speech perception performance among prelingually deafened children with multichannel cochlear implants.
Factors influencing body composition in persons with spinal cord injury: a cross-sectional study (2003)

To determine the body composition differences across age, 133 men with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) (66 with tetraplegia, 67 with paraplegia) were compared with an age-, height-, and ethnicity-matched able-bodied male reference population (n = 100) using two different dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry densitometers. The effects of duration of injury, level, and completeness of lesion were analyzed in the SCI population. Independent of age, total body and regional lean mass were lower and fat mass was higher in persons with SCI compared with controls. The SCI group was 13 +/- 1% (means +/- SE) fatter per unit of body mass index (kg/m2) compared with the control group (P < 0.0001). Advancing age was strongly associated with less lean mass and greater adiposity in those with SCI, whereas it was mildly related in the controls. Total body and regional arm and trunk, but not leg, lean tissues were lower in subjects with SCI, across all ages, than in the controls. In summary, persons with SCI were fatter for any body mass index and demonstrated significantly less lean and more adipose tissues for any given age compared with controls.
Induction of Lectin-like Transcript 1 (LLT1) Protein Cell Surface Expression by Pathogens and Interferon-γ Contributes to Modulate Immune Responses (2011)

CD161 is a C-type lectin-like receptor expressed on human natural killer (NK) cells and subsets of T cells. CD161 has been described as an inhibitory receptor that regulates NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and IFN-γ production. Its role on T cells has remained unclear. Studies have shown that triggering of CD161 enhances NK T cell proliferation and T cell-IFN-γ production while inhibiting TNF-α production by CD8(+) T cells. Lectin-like transcript 1 (LLT1), the ligand of CD161, was found to be expressed on Toll-like receptor (TLR)-activated plasmacytoid and monocyte-derived dendritic cells (DC) and on activated B cells. Using newly developed anti-LLT1 mAbs, we show that LLT1 is not expressed on the surface of circulating B and T lymphocytes, NK cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells but that LLT1 is up-regulated upon activation. Not only TLR-stimulated dendritic cells and B cells but also T cell receptor-activated T cells and activated NK cells up-regulate LLT1. Interestingly, IFN-γ increases LLT1 expression level on antigen-presenting cells. LLT1 is also induced on B cells upon viral infection such as Epstein-Barr virus or HIV infection and in inflamed tonsils. Finally, expression of LLT1 on B cells inhibits NK cell function but costimulates T cell proliferation or IFN-γ production, and coengagement of CD161 with CD3 increases IL-17 secretion. Altogether, our results point toward a role for LLT1/CD161 in modulating immune responses to pathogens.
Protective Immunity against<i>Streptococcus mutans</i>Infection in Mice after Intranasal Immunization with the Glucan-Binding Region of<i>S. mutans</i>Glucosyltransferase (1999)

Here we present the construction and characterization of a chimeric vaccine protein combining the glucan-binding domain (GLU) of the gtfB-encoded water-insoluble glucan-synthesizing glucosyltransferase enzyme (GTF-I) from Streptococcus mutans and thioredoxin from Escherichia coli, which increases the solubility of coexpressed recombinant proteins and stimulates proliferation of murine T cells. The protective potential of intranasal (i.n.) immunization with this chimeric immunogen was compared to that of the GLU polypeptide alone in a mouse infection model. Both immunogens were able to induce statistically significant mucosal (salivary and vaginal) and serum responses (P < 0.01) which were sustained to the end of the study (experimental day 100). Following infection with S. mutans, sham-immunized mice maintained high levels of this cariogenic organism ( approximately 60% of the total oral streptococci) for at least 5 weeks. In contrast, animals immunized with the thioredoxin-GLU chimeric protein (Thio-GLU) showed significant reduction (>85%) in S. mutans colonization after 3 weeks (P < 0.05). The animals immunized with GLU alone required 5 weeks to demonstrate significant reduction (>50%) of S. mutans infection (P < 0.05). Evaluation of dental caries activity at the end of the study showed that mice immunized with either Thio-GLU or GLU had significantly fewer carious lesions in the buccal enamel or dentinal surfaces than the sham-immunized animals (P < 0.01). The protective effects against S. mutans colonization and caries activity following i.n. immunization with GLU or Thio-GLU are attributed to the induced salivary immunoglobulin A (IgA) anti-GLU responses. Although in general Thio-GLU was not significantly better than GLU alone in stimulating salivary IgA responses and in protection against dental caries, the finding that the GLU polypeptide alone, in the absence of any immunoenhancing agents, is protective against disease offers a promising and safe strategy for the development of a vaccine against caries.
TWEAK and LTβ Signaling during Chronic Liver Disease (2014)

Chronic liver diseases (CLD) such as hepatitis B and C virus infection, alcoholic liver disease, and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis are associated with hepatocellular necrosis, continual inflammation, and hepatic fibrosis. The induced microenvironment triggers the activation of liver-resident progenitor cells (LPCs) while hepatocyte replication is inhibited. In the early injury stages, LPCs regenerate the liver by proliferation, migration to sites of injury, and differentiation into functional biliary epithelial cells or hepatocytes. However, when this process becomes dysregulated, wound healing can progress to pathological fibrosis, cirrhosis, and eventually hepatocellular carcinoma. The other key mediators in the pathogenesis of progressive CLD are fibrosis-driving, activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) that usually proliferate in very close spatial association with LPCs. Recent studies from our group and others have suggested the potential for cytokine and chemokine cross-talk between LPCs and HSCs, which is mainly driven by the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) family members, TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK) and lymphotoxin-β, potentially dictating the pathological outcomes of chronic liver injury.
The Human T Cell Receptor Alpha Joining (TRAJ) Genes (2000)

'Human T cell Receptor Alpha Joining Genes', the 9th report of the 'IMGT Locus in Focus' section, comprises 3 tables: (1) 'Human germline TRAJ genes'; (2) 'Human TRAJ allele table'; and (3) 'Nucleotide and protein displays of the human TRAJ alleles (overview)'. These tables are available on the IMGT Marie-Paule page from IMGT, the international ImMunoGeneTics database (http://imgt. cines.fr:8104) created in 1989 by Marie-Paule Lefranc, Université Montpellier II, CNRS, France.
Study of Red‐Emission Piezochromic Materials Based on Triphenylamine (2016)

Two conjugated molecules based on triphenylamine and 1,3-indandione have been synthesized by employing Knoevenagel condensation. Both materials demonstrated aggregation-induced emission behavior, and solvato- and piezochromic properties. These red luminescence materials are able to respond to F<sup>-</sup> and I<sup>-</sup> sensitively. The emission wavelength changed by almost 100 nm in the presence of F<sup>-</sup> and I<sup>-</sup> , and could be observed by the naked eye under daylight and UV light.
Myoglobin‐Catalyzed Olefination of Aldehydes (2016)

The olefination of aldehydes constitutes a most valuable and widely adopted strategy for constructing carbon-carbon double bonds in organic chemistry. While various synthetic methods have been made available for this purpose, no biocatalysts are known to mediate this transformation. Reported herein is that engineered myoglobin variants can catalyze the olefination of aldehydes in the presence of α-diazoesters with high catalytic efficiency (up to 4,900 turnovers) and excellent E diastereoselectivity (92-99.9 % de). This transformation could be applied to the olefination of a variety of substituted benzaldehydes and heteroaromatic aldehydes, also in combination with different alkyl α-diazoacetate reagents. This work provides a first example of biocatalytic aldehyde olefination and extends the spectrum of synthetically valuable chemical transformations accessible using metalloprotein-based catalysts.