gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the VALAB expert system. (1997)

The validation of a clinical laboratory report is a process that guarantees the results contained in the report have been obtained under satisfactory metrological conditions and that they are compatible with the information available on the patient. This validation is generally carried out manually by a clinical laboratory professional, but also may be done by an expert system properly programmed, such as the VALAB system. The evaluation presented in this article consists of comparing human and system decisions of validation for 500 randomly selected clinical laboratory reports from hospitalized patients. In this evaluation, 84.8% of the reports examined by the VALAB are accepted directly without any human aid, and only 15.2% require examination by clinical biochemists.
Asymmetric hydrogenation in water by a rhodium complex of sulfonated 2,2′bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (binap) (1993)

The synthesis of sulfonated 2,2′-bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1′-binaphthyl (binap) is reported; a rhodium complex of this ligand is the first to perform asymmetric hydrogenation in neat water with optical yields as high as those obtained in nonaqueous solvent.
Initial Work on the Application of Protective Coatings to Marine Gas Turbine Components by High-Rate Sputtering (1974)

Gas turbines operated in the marine environment are limited in life and performance by sulfidation or hot-corrosion. Protective coatings deposited by sputtering appear to have the potential of significantly increasing engine life over that obtained with current coatings produced by other techniques. The sputtering process and its application to coating hot section components is the subject of this paper. Two programs are described. In one, metallic overlay coatings of the CoCrAlY type were deposited by dc triode sputtering. Deposition conditions were determined which resulted in adherent, crack-free coatings with a fine grained structure. Platinum diffusion barrier layers were also investigated. Sputtering apparatus suitable for coating turbine blades and vanes was constructed. The other program utilized supported discharge radio frequency sputtering to deposit zirconia coatings, which were intended to serve a thermal barrier function as well as a corrosion resistant one. Graded composition interlayers were investigated as a means of improving the compatibility of the zirconia coating with superalloys.
Texture segmentation using different orientations of GLCM features (2013)

This paper describes the development of a new texture based segmentation algorithm which uses a set of features extracted from Grey-Level Co-occurrence Matrices. The proposed method segments different textures based on noise reduced features which are effective texture descriptor. Each of the features is processed including normalisation and noise removal. Principal Component Analysis is used to reduce the dimensionality of the resulting feature space. Gaussian Mixture Modelling is used for the subsequent segmentation and false positive regions are removed using morphology. The evaluation includes a wide range of textures (more than 80 Brodatz textures) and in comparison (both qualitative and quantitative) with state of the art techniques very good segmentation results have been obtained.
Symptoms of the olive pollen allergy: do they really occur only in the pollination season? (2005)

In the patient group sensitive to O.e. along with other pollen extracts, it was possible to observe symptoms outside the pollination season. However, patients with O.e. monosensitization also had symptoms to a great extent outside the season.
Generation of Large Libraries of Random Mutants in <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> by PCR-Based Plasmid Multimerization (1997)

We describe a PCR-based method for the generation of plasmid multimers that can be directly transformed into Bacillus subtilis with very high efficiency. This technique is particularly useful for the generation of large libraries of randomly mutagenized genes, which are required for the optimization of enzymes by directed evolution. We subjected the gene coding for the protease subtilisin to six consecutive rounds of PCR at three different levels of mutagenicity. The resulting 18 populations were cloned using our PCR multimerization protocol, and the mutation frequencies were determined by DNA sequencing. The resulting data demonstrate that the mutation frequency during PCR can be controlled by adding varying concentrations of manganese chloride to the reaction mixture. We observed a bias in the type of base pair changes with A and T being mutated much more frequently than C and G. We determined the fraction of active clones in all populations and found that its natural logarithm is proportional to the average mutation frequency of the populations. These data reveal that a fraction of about 0.27 of all possible mutations leads to the inactivation of the subtilisin gene, which provides a measure for its structural plasticity.
Wavelength Shift of Gallium Nitride Light Emitting Diode With p-Down Structure (2005)

Both the p-gallium nitride (GaN) on an n-light-emitting diode (LED) structure and the n-GaN on p-LED structure were fabricated by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy on c axis sapphire substrate. The output spectra with different applied bias voltages were studied on these structures. The small amount of the wavelength shift under a forward bias condition in the proposed p-down LED structure was observed but not in the n-down LED structure. This phenomenon was characterized by the effective electric field in the well created from the built-in electric field and the applied electric field. This proposed p-down LED shows an opportunity in the application of wavelength shift-free optoelectronic devices.
Effect of 6‐Methoxy‐2‐Benzoxazolinone on the Activities of Rat Pineal N‐Acetyltransferase and Hydroxyindole‐O‐Methyltransferase and on Melatonin Production (1990)

A naturally occurring compound, 6-methoxybenzoxazolinone (6-MBOA), present in grasses, has been shown to induce sexual maturation in a number of rodent species. The structural similarity of 6-MBOA and melatonin has led researchers to suspect that 6-MBOA might induce its progonadal effects by directly altering pineal function. Previous studies have shown that 6-MBOA has the properties of a weak beta-adrenergic agonist capable of stimulating rat pineal N-acetyltransferase (NAT) activity at pharmacological concentrations of 10(-3) M. In the present study we have examined the effect of 6-MBOA on both the pineal melatonin synthesizing enzymes, namely, NAT and hydroxyindole-O-methyltransferase (HIOMT) as well as on melatonin production, in organ cultured rat pineal glands. In addition, we have also examined the ability of 6-MBOA to displace a ligand from rat brain alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors. Our results confirm that 6-MBOA stimulates NAT activity and melatonin production at the high concentration of 10(-3) M. It appears to have no effect on HIOMT activity. A competition study shows that 6-MBOA is able of displacing ligands at the alpha- and beta-adrenoceptors but only at concentrations greater than 10(-4) M. Whether such high concentrations of 6-MBOA reach the pineal of rodent in their natural habitat is unknown. However, if 6-MBOA does mediate progonadal effects by altering pineal function it would be expected that 6-MBOA would ultimately inhibit the effects of melatonin. The possibilities are that the high melatonin levels induced by 6-MBOA cause desensitization of melatonin receptors or that 6-MBOA is an antagonist at the level of the melatonin receptor, thus restricting the inhibitory effects of melatonin on the reproductive system.
Restoration of superoxide generation to a chronic granulomatous disease- derived B-cell line by retrovirus mediated gene transfer (1992)

Failure of a superoxide generating system, the NADPH oxidase, present in neutrophils and other phagocytes gives rise to chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), a group of single-gene inherited disorders all characterized by an extreme susceptibility to pyogenic infection, with potentially fatal consequences. About 30% of CGD cases are caused by an autosomally inherited deficiency of a 47-Kd cytoplasmic component of the oxidase (p47-phox). Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) immortalized B-lymphocyte lines established from these CGD patients also express this NADPH oxidase defect and consequently are rendered incapable of generating superoxide on stimulation. We have used a p47-phox-deficient EBV-transformed B-cell line as a recipient for retroviral transfer of a functional p47-phox cDNA. The presence and activity of the retrovirally encoded p47-phox in the transduced cells is demonstrated and we show that this restores their capacity to generate superoxide.
Reduction of noise in diffusion tensor images using anisotropic smoothing (2005)

To improve the accuracy of tissue structural and architectural characterization with diffusion tensor imaging, a novel smoothing technique is developed for reducing noise in diffusion tensor images. The technique extends the traditional anisotropic diffusion filtering method by allowing isotropic smoothing within homogeneous regions and anisotropic smoothing along structure boundaries. This is particularly useful for smoothing diffusion tensor images in which direction information contained in the tensor needs to be restored following noise corruption and preserved around tissue boundaries. The effectiveness of this technique is quantitatively studied with experiments on simulated and human in vivo diffusion tensor data. Illustrative results demonstrate that the anisotropic smoothing technique developed can significantly reduce the impact of noise on the direction as well as anisotropy measures of the diffusion tensor images.
Effect of screw dislocation density on optical properties in n-type wurtzite GaN (2007)

The effect of open-core screw dislocations on photoluminescence in n-doped wurtzite GaN epilayer is studied computationally and compared with experimental data. A k•p Hamiltonian calculation domain is set up to contain a dipole of open-core screw dislocations, and its size is varied according to the desired dislocation density. Using the finite element method, energy levels and wave functions for conduction and valence states are determined in three-dimensional real space; the emission spectrum is then evaluated. The void associated with the dislocation core and the deformation potential due to the strain surrounding the core perturb the density of states and reduce the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum intensity accordingly. For dislocation densities below a transition density of around 108cm−2, the deformation potential effect dominates in reducing the PL intensity; above this dislocation density the effect of the missing material at the core dominates. The calculated photoluminescence results agree with experimental near-band edge PL intensity data well. Both the experimental and calculated PL spectra indicate a significant reduction in the optical response for a dislocation density larger than 107cm−2.
Genomic and functional characterization of polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> (2001)

The biosynthetic pathway for polyunsaturated fatty acids in the model animal Caenorhabditis elegans was examined in the context of the completed genome sequence. The genomic organization and location of seven desaturase genes and one elongase activity, all previously identified by functional characterization, were elucidated. A pathway for the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in C. elegans was proposed based on these genes. The role of gene duplication in enzyme evolution and proliferation is discussed.
Activation of apoptosis in NAF-1-deficient human epithelial breast cancer cells (2015)

Maintaining iron (Fe) ion and reactive oxygen species homeostasis is essential for cellular function, mitochondrial integrity and the regulation of cell death pathways, and is recognized as a key process underlying the molecular basis of aging and various diseases, such as diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases and cancer. Nutrient-deprivation autophagy factor 1 (NAF-1; also known as CISD2) belongs to a newly discovered class of Fe-sulfur proteins that are localized to the outer mitochondrial membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum. It has been implicated in regulating homeostasis of Fe ions, as well as the activation of autophagy through interaction with BCL-2. Here we show that small hairpin (sh)RNA-mediated suppression of NAF-1 results in the activation of apoptosis in epithelial breast cancer cells and xenograft tumors. Suppression of NAF-1 resulted in increased uptake of Fe ions into cells, a metabolic shift that rendered cells more susceptible to a glycolysis inhibitor, and the activation of cellular stress pathways that are associated with HIF1α. Our studies suggest that NAF-1 is a major player in the metabolic regulation of breast cancer cells through its effects on cellular Fe ion distribution, mitochondrial metabolism and the induction of apoptosis.
MODELING OPTICAL MEM SYSTEMS (2001)

After infusion therapy with hydroxyethyl starch (HES) on account of sudden hearing loss, a 68-year-old woman developed a marked and persistent periocular swelling. This extraordinary adverse effect caused us to search for an explanation by means of histopathology, immunohistochemistry, immunoelectron microscopy and biochemistry. In lesional periocular skin and in normal-appearing skin, lysosomal storage of HES could be detected with a specific HES antibody in histiocytes, endothelial cells, basal keratinocytes and small nerves. In the periocular skin, a stronger deposition of HES was found in addition to distinct xanthomatous changes as well as features of lymphoedema. In view of lysosomal HES storage we measured the pH-dependent activity of the lysosomal alpha-glucosidase (GAA) in cultured fibroblasts. We found a 50% decreased activity of the acid GAA, which is consistent with a heterozygous state of glycogenosis type II (Pompe's disease) and potentially of pathogenetic relevance for the intralysosomal accumulation of HES. Xanthomatous changes and lymphoedema are likely to be secondary effects, but contribute considerably to the clinical manifestation of persistent visible swelling. This observation could point to a role for GAA in the elimination of tissue-stored HES. Patients with decreased activities of GAA may be at risk of unusual adverse effects following extraordinary and prolonged tissue storage of HES, especially if it is infused in large quantities.
The Experiemental Use Exception to Infringement Applied to Federally Funded Inventions (1992)

Limb and tibial implant malalignment were infrequently seen in patients revised secondary to aseptic tibial loosening. Most patients fell within previously described "safe" alignment parameters (<3° varus for the tibial component and neutral or valgus limb alignment). Specifically, malalignment was only present in approximately six to eight percent of patients. Therefore, factors other than alignment appear to contribute most to the development of aseptic tibial loosening. <b>Level of Evidence: III</b>.
Autonomic healing of low-velocity impact damage in fiber-reinforced composites (2009)

In this study autonomic self-healing of impact damage in composite materials is shown using a microencapsulated healing agent. The components for self-healing, urea‐formaldehyde microcapsules containing dicyclopentadiene (DCPD) liquid healing agent and paraffin wax microspheres containing 10 wt% Grubbs’ catalyst, have been successfully incorporated in a woven S2-glass-reinforced epoxy composite. Lowvelocity impact tests reveal that the self-healing composite panels are able to autonomically repair impact damage. Fluorescent labeling of damage combined with image processing shows that total crack length per imaged cross-section is reduced by 51% after self-healing. A testing protocol based on compression after impact reveals significant recovery of residual compressive strength (RCS) in self-healing panels. Self-healing panels show a higher threshold impact energy before RCS reduction, and as impact energy increases, RCS recovery decreases. Qualitative inspection shows that crack separation increases with increasing impact energy, indicating that self-healing performance depends on the ability to adequately fill damage volume.
Differential expression of ARPP-16 and ARPP-19, two highly related cAMP- regulated phosphoproteins, one of which is specifically associated with dopamine-innervated brain regions (1990)

ARPP-16 and ARPP-19 are 2 cAMP-regulated phosphoproteins of Mr = 16,000 and 19,000, respectively, which are identical except for the presence of 15 additional amino acids on the NH2-terminus of ARPP-19. The phosphorylation of these 2 proteins is regulated by cAMP and vasoactive intestinal peptide in reaggregate striatal cultures (Girault et al., 1988). Using immunoblots and immunocytochemistry, we have compared the regional, subcellular, phylogenetic, and ontogenetic distributions of these 2 proteins. ARPP-19 was found in all vertebrate species studied and, at various levels, in all tissues of adult rat. ARPP-19 was also present at high levels in malignant cell lines. During development ARPP-19 concentrations were highest in the embryo and decreased during the pre- and postnatal periods. In contrast, ARPP-16 was detected only in some specific neurons of the dopamine-innervated regions of the basal ganglia and the cerebral cortex, which are known to possess D1 dopamine receptors, in particular the striatonigral neurons. ARPP-16 is phylogenetically recent, being found only in birds and mammals, and appears late in ontogenesis, increasing during the postnatal period. These 2 proteins provide a unique model for studying the specificity of signal transduction and gene expression in dopaminoceptive neurons.
Matrix Metalloproteinases 2 and 9 Immunoexpression in Prostate Carcinoma at the Positive Margin of Radical Prostatectomy Specimens (2014)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP-2) and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) in prostate cancer in the main tumor mass and tumor cells at the positive margin as well as the influence of these biomarkers on the biochemical recurrence of the disease in prostatectomy patients. Tissue microarrays of 120 archival prostate carcinoma samples were immunohistochemically evaluated for MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression and compared with clinicopathological parameters. Tumors with positive surgical margins showed significantly higher overall expression of MMP-9 versus tumors with negative resection margins (P = 0.0121). MMP-9 expression was significantly elevated in tumors from patients who had biochemical recurrence (P = 0.0207). In the group of patients with negative margins, MMP-9 expression above the cut-off value was significantly associated with recurrence (P = 0.0065). Multivariate analysis indicated that MMP-9 is a good predictor of biochemical recurrence (odds ratio = 10.29; P = 0.0052). Expression of MMP-2 in tumor cells was significantly higher at the positive margins than in the main tumor mass (P = 0.0301). The present results highlight the potential value of MMP-2 and MMP-9 expression for predicting the behavior of prostate tumors after prostatectomy with both positive and negative surgical margins.
Elongation method with cutoff technique for linear SCF scaling (2005)

Abstract The elongation method uses the concept of locality and works in a regionally localized molecular orbital basis set. In this method the system is partitioned into several frozen fragments and an active one. If the coupling between a given frozen fragment and the active space is small enough, one can develop a cutoff scheme for effectively discarding the former in all further calculations. At the Hartree–Fock level many two‐electron integrals are thereby eliminated, leading to a reduction in self‐consistent field computation time. In test calculations on four polyglycine conformers, with an appropriate default threshold for coupling, the cutoff error is very small and/or comparable to that of a normal elongation calculation. On the other hand, the computation time for 20 residues is a factor of 5 less than that of a normal Hartree–Fock treatment and scales linearly (or even sublinearly) with the number of residues. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2005
TRANSSEPTAL LEFT HEART CATHETERIZATION (1964)

Left heart catheterization by puncture of the atrial septum was introduced by Manfredi ( 1956) and elaborated by Ross (1959).We have investigated 65 patients by this method and present our results with particular reference to its safety and effectiveness. SUBJECTS AND METHODThe majority of the patients had rheumatic heart disease (Table I).The age range was 9 to 67 years and the distribution is shown in Table II.There were three patients under 17 years of age.The size of the left atrium was graded on X-ray (penetrated postero-anterior, right lateral, and right anterior oblique views with barium in the cesophagus) and was found to be normal in 11, slightly enlarged in 23, moderately enlarged in 29, and aneurysmal in 2 patients.The basic technique of transseptal left atrial puncture used was that described by Ross, Braunwald, and Morrow (1960).Briefly, this consists of introducing a 595 cm.long catheter into the right atrium from the right saphenous vein, threading the 61 cm.transseptal needle (Fig. 1) through the catheter and puncturing the septum in the region of the fossa ovalis with the needle.It has not always been found possible to make contact with the atrial septum in the lower half of the right atrial shadow as advised by Ross since a small left atrium frequently lies higher.When this is the case it is considered especially important to maintain the
Ceruloplasmin enhances DNA damage induced by hydrogen peroxide<i>in vitro</i> (2000)

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) was found to promote the oxidative damage to DNA, as evidenced by the formation of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and strand breaks, when incubated with H2O2 in vitro. The capacity of Cp to enhance oxidative damage to DNA was inhibited by hydroxyl radical scavengers such as sodium azide and mannitol, a metal chelator, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, and catalase. Although the oxidized protein resulted in an increase in the content of carbonyl groups, the ferroxidase activity and the proteolytic susceptibility were not significantly altered. The release of a portion of Cu from Cp was observed, and conformational alterations were indicated by the changes in fluorescence spectra. Based on these results, we suggest that damage to DNA is mediated in the H2O2/Cp system via the generation of *OH by released Cu2+ and/or loosely bound Cu exposed from oxidatively damaged Cp through the conformational change. The release of Cu from Cp during oxidative stress could enhance the formation of reactive oxygen species and could also potentiate cellular damage.
New antibiotics SF2315A and B produced by an Excellospora sp. II. The structural elucidation. (1988)

The structures of antibiotics SF2315A and B were determined to be [4aR-(4a beta,12b beta)] or [4aS-(4a alpha,12b alpha)]-4a,5,6,12b-tetrahydro-4a,8-dihydroxy-3- methylbenz[a]anthracen-1,7,12(4H)-trione and [1S-(1 beta,4a beta,6a beta,12 beta,12a beta,12b beta)] or [1 R-(1 alpha,4a alpha,6a alpha,12 alpha,12a alpha,12b alpha)]- 1,4,4a,5,6,6a,12a,12b-octahydro-1,4a,8,12-tetrahydroxy-3-methyl-6a ,12a- epoxybenz[a]anthracen-7(12H)-one, respectively from their spectroscopic analyses and single crystal X-ray diffraction analyses.