gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of tyrosylprotein sulfotransferase in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2009)

Tyrosine sulfation is a posttranslational modification common in peptides and proteins synthesized by the secretory pathway in most eukaryotes. In plants, this modification is critical for the biological activities of a subset of peptide hormones such as PSK and PSY1. In animals, tyrosine sulfation is catalyzed by Golgi-localized type II transmembrane proteins called tyrosylprotein sulfotransferases (TPSTs). However, no orthologs of animal TPST genes have been found in plants, suggesting that plants have evolved plant-specific TPSTs structurally distinct from their animal counterparts. To investigate the mechanisms of tyrosine sulfation in plants, we purified TPST activity from microsomal fractions of Arabidopsis MM2d cells, and identified a 62-kDa protein that specifically interacts with the sulfation motif of PSY1 precursor peptide. This protein is a 500-aa type I transmembrane protein that shows no sequence similarity to animal TPSTs. A recombinant version of this protein expressed in yeast catalyzed tyrosine sulfation of both PSY1 and PSK precursor polypeptide in vitro, indicating that the newly identified protein is indeed an Arabidopsis (At)TPST. AtTPST is expressed throughout the plant body, and the highest levels of expression are in the root apical meristem. A loss-of-function mutant of AtTPST displayed a marked dwarf phenotype accompanied by stunted roots, pale green leaves, reduction in higher order veins, early senescence, and a reduced number of flowers and siliques. Our results indicate that plants and animals independently acquired tyrosine sulfation enzymes through convergent evolution.
Computer Assisted Animation: 2D or not 2D? (1994)

2D animation can only be automated to the extent that the computer acts as an interactive assistant to the animator. The key problem is that the 3D information which is implicit in the animated drawings is unavailable and this has encouraged the view of 2D animation being a subset of 3D animation in its fullest generality. However, introducing more than the absolute minimum of 3D information, essentially that contained in a hierarchy of drawing overlays, has matching advantages and disadvantages because animators, for aesthetic reasons, deliberately break the rules of geometry and physics as they apply to real-world objects. A software environment which only supports 2D functionality and drawing overlays is sufficient to promote cost-effectively the full range of effects that animators use while the state of the 3D animation art is as yet incapable of this. Essentially the same techniques can be used on live-capture images once they have had a structure similar to that required for animation imposed on them.
Thermal noise modeling for short-channel MOSFETs (1996)

An analytical formulation of the thermal noise in short-channel MOSFETs, working in the saturation region, is presented. For the noise calculation, we took into account effects like the field dependent noise temperature and mobility, the device geometry and the channel length modulation, the back gate effect and the velocity saturation. The derived data from the model are in good agreement with reported thermal noise measurements, regarding the noise bias dependence, for transistors with channel lengths shorter than 1 /spl mu/m. Since the present thermal noise models of MOS transistors are valid for channel lengths well above 1 /spl mu/m, the proposed model can be easily incorporated in circuit simulators like SPICE, providing an extension to the analytical thermal noise modeling suitable for submicron MOSFETs.
Protection of probiotic microorganisms by microencapsulation (2007)

Probiotic bacteria are used in the production of fermented dairy foods, pharmaceutical products and health supplements. They play an important role in promoting and maintaining human health. In order, to produce health benefits probiotic strains should be present in a viable form at a suitable level during the product's shelf life until consumption and maintain high viability throughout the gastrointestinal tract. Despite the importance of these beneficial microorganisms many investigations have shown their poor viability and stability, especially for bifidobacteria in fermented products. The introduction of microencapsulation techniques for protection of probiotic strains has resulted in greatly enhanced viability of these microorganisms in food products as well as in the gastrointestinal tract. This paper gives an overview of available microencapsulation techniques and materials for probiotic protection and stabilization. Several methods of microencapsulation for probiotic bacteria, including extrusion, emulsification, drying (fluidized bed, spray, freeze) and spray coating techniques, are presented. The commonly used supporting materials like alginate, starch, chitosan, gelatin, waxes, biogums, and some others are also discussed.
Preincubation with the Proteasome Inhibitor MG‐132 Enhances Proteasome Activity via the Nrf2 Transcription Factor in Aging Human Skin Fibroblasts (2006)

Strategies that lead to the upregulation of the proteasome are known to elicit beneficial consequences to the organism by countering oxidative stress-associated disorders, such as protein conformational diseases, cancer, and aging. Mild treatment with proteasome inhibitors has been previously demonstrated to stimulate proteasome activity and cellular resistance against oxidative injury. However, the mechanism for this action has not been clearly defined. We examined the role of the nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in fibroblasts, a key transactivator of the antioxidant response pathway, in the regulation of the proteasome by its inhibitor MG-132. Here, we demonstrate that the stimulation of the proteasome by low levels of MG-132 can be abrogated by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) targeted against Nrf2. Consistently, cells that constitutively express Nrf2 exhibit elevated levels of proteasome activities. We further investigate how its beneficial effects, that is, proteasome stimulation, are manifested in young and replicative-senescent cells. Our data underscore that manipulation of Nrf2 by the administration of pharmacologically low levels of proteasome inhibitors may prove to be an alternatively potent strategy for inducing long-term protective effects against oxidative stress.
Fatty acid content of the seeds from 14 varieties of date palm <i>Phoenix dactylifera</i> L. (2003)

Abstract The fat content and fatty acid profiles of 14 varieties of date seeds were measured by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Fat content ranged from just over 5% (w/w) to about 9%. Eleven fatty acids were found with nearly 50% oleic acid in most varieties and an overall range from about 12 to 0.2%. The differences between samples were ascribed to both varietal and cultural differences. Some varieties had similar names but it is not known whether they are identical. The uses of dates seeds, which are currently only used for animal feed, is assessed with suggestions for potential uses as sources of edible oils and pharmaceuticals.
Study on the generation mechanism of co-seismic electric signals (2005)

An electromagnetic fault model, which considers the compensation of the piezoelectric effect and the dislocation theory of faults, is presented to deal with reported coseismic electric signals. Charges are assumed to be induced by the stress changes associated with an earthquake. The stress-induced charges are quantified by the charge density as a function of the polarization, which can be calculated using a piezoelectric model and an analytical solution of seismic stress. The theoretical charge distribution around the Nojima fault, which moved at the 1995 Kobe earthquake (M=7.2), was obtained. The coseismic electric field, consistent with that observed at the Kobe earthquake, was estimated as the field due to the charges which compensate the piezoelectric charges.
Molecular rectification: self-assembled monolayers of a donor–(π-bridge)–acceptor chromophore connected via a truncated Au–S–(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>bridge (2003)

Bis-[1-{(3-propyl)-4-(2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)vinyl)quinolinium}]disulfide diodide interacts with gold to form self-assembled monolayers, the thickness and contact area being 2.25 ± 0.05 nm and 0.30 ± 0.03 nm2 molecule−1 respectively. The films exhibit asymmetric current–voltage characteristics with a rectification ratio of ca. 12 at ±1 V. These become symmetrical when the intramolecular charge-transfer axis is suppressed by protonation but the electrical asymmetry is restored when the films are exposed to base. Molecular rectification is intrinsic to the bridged donor–acceptor combination.
Differential expression and biological activity of the heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM) in lung cancer cell lines (1997)

The growth of human lung cancer cells is regulated positively and negatively by a variety of growth factors through autocrine as well as paracrine mechanisms. In the present report, we studied the differential role and expression of a neuropolypeptide growth factor in 26 lung cancer cell lines. Expression of the heparin-binding growth-associated molecule (HB-GAM) in 12 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) cell lines was compared to that in 14 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines. HB-GAM mRNA was expressed in 9 of 12 SCLC and 3 of 14 NSCLC cell lines as determined by RT-PCR analyses. Normal human bronchial epithelial cells were used as negative controls. All cell lines which expressed HB-GAM mRNA produced HB-GAM protein as well. Western blot analysis showed that the tumor cells secreted HB-GAM into the media. HB-GAM, purified from lung cancer cell lines, exerted biological activity on fibroblasts, endothelial cells and SW13 cells as determined by thymidine incorporation and soft agar cloning assays. In addition, the biological activity of HB-GAM was blocked by a specific antibody in a dose-dependent way. Our findings suggest that HB-GAM may serve as a marker for SCLC cell lines and that it may function as a paracrine growth factor in human lung cancer. HB-GAM may be a further member of the network of growth factors involved in proliferation, angiogenesis and metastasis of lung tumors.
Relaxin Stimulates Leukocyte Adhesion and Migration through a Relaxin Receptor LGR7-dependent Mechanism (2005)

Leukocytes are critical effectors of inflammation and tumor biology. Chemokine-like factors produced by such inflammatory sites are key mediators of tumor growth that activate leukocytic recruitment and tumor infiltration and suppress immune surveillance. Here we report that the endocrine peptide hormone, relaxin, is a regulator of leukocyte biology with properties important in recruitment to sites of inflammation. This study uses the human monocytic cell line THP-1 and normal human peripheral blood mononuclear cells to define a novel role for relaxin in regulation of leukocyte adhesion and migration. Our studies indicate that relaxin promotes adenylate cyclase activation, substrate adhesion, and migratory capacity of mononuclear leukocytes through a relaxin receptor LGR7-dependent mechanism. Relaxin-stimulated cAMP accumulation was observed to occur primarily in non-adherent cells. Relaxin stimulation results in increased substrate adhesion and increased migratory activity of leukocytes. In addition, relaxin-stimulated substrate adhesion resulted in enhanced chemotaxis to monocyte chemoattractant protein-1. These responses in THP-1 and peripheral blood mononuclear cells are relaxin dose-dependent and proportional to cAMP accumulation. We further demonstrate that LGR7 is critical for mediating these biological responses by use of RNA interference lentiviral short hairpin constructs. In summary, we provide evidence that relaxin is a novel leukocyte stimulatory agent with properties affecting adhesion and chemomigration.
Long time revival of femtosecond laser plasma filaments in air (2009)

We experimentally demonstrate the revival of short lived femtosecond laser induced plasma channels in air by a nanosecond laser pulse up to several milliseconds after plasma recombination. Such revived plasma channel is generated over 50 cm using a Bessel-like nanosecond laser beam.
Surface-Driven Sodium Ion Energy Storage in Nanocellular Carbon Foams (2013)

Sodium ion (Na(+)) batteries have attracted increased attention for energy storage due to the natural abundance of sodium, but their development is hindered by poor intercalation property of Na(+) in electrodes. This paper reports a detailed study of high capacity, high rate sodium ion energy storage in functionalized high-surface-area nanocellular carbon foams (NCCF). The energy storage mechanism is surface-driven reactions between Na(+) and oxygen-containing functional groups on the surface of NCCF. The surface reaction, rather than a Na(+) bulk intercalation reaction, leads to high rate performance and cycling stability due to the enhanced reaction kinetics and the absence of electrode structure change. The NCCF makes more surface area and surface functional groups available for the Na(+) reaction. It delivers 152 mAh/g capacity at the rate of 0.1 A/g and a capacity retention of 90% for over 1600 cycles.
Implementation of 10 Giga VPN accelerator board (2006)

This paper proposes a VPN accelerator board (VPN-AB), a virtual private network (VPN) protocol designed for trust channel security system (TCSS). The TCSS supports safety communication channel between security nodes in Internet. It furnishes authentication, confidentiality, integrity, and access control to the security node to transmit data packets with IPsec protocol. TCSS consists of Internet key exchange block, and security association block, IPsec engine block. The Internet key exchange block negotiates crypto algorithm and key used in IPsec engine block. Security association blocks setting-up and manages security association information. IPsec engine block treats IPsec packets and consists of networking functions for communication. The IPsec engine block should be embodied by HAV and in-line mode transaction for high speed IPsec processing. Our VPN-AB is implemented with high speed security processor that supports many cryptographic algorithms and in-line mode. We evaluate a small TCSS communication environment, and measure a performance of VPN-AB in the environment. The experiment results show that VPN-AB gets a performance throughput of maximum 15.645 Gbps when we set the IPsec protocol with 3DES-HMAC-MD5 tunnel mode
Toxicity of Nucleoside Analogues Used to Treat AIDS and the Selectivity of the Mitochondrial DNA Polymerase (2003)

Incorporation of nucleoside analogues by the mitochondrial DNA polymerase has been implicated as the primary cause underlying many of the toxic side effects of these drugs in HIV therapy. Recent success in reconstituting recombinant human enzyme has afforded a detailed mechanistic analysis of the reactions governing nucleotide selectivity of the polymerase and the proofreading exonuclease. The toxic side effects of nucleoside analogues are correlated with the kinetics of incorporation by the mitochondrial DNA polymerase, varying over 6 orders of magnitude in the sequence zalcitabine (ddC) > didanosine (ddI metabolized to ddA) > stavudine (d4T) ≫ lamivudine (3TC) > tenofovir (PMPA) > zidovudine (AZT) > abacavir (metabolized to carbovir, CBV). In this review, we summarize our current efforts to examine the mechanistic basis for nucleotide selectivity by the mitochondrial DNA polymerase and its role in mitochondrial toxicity of nucleoside analogues used to treat AIDS and other viral infections. We will also discuss the promise and underlying challenges for the development of new analogues with lower toxicity.
Editorial - Medicinal Chemistry 1969 and Beyond (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEditorial - Medicinal Chemistry 1969 and BeyondPhilip PortogheseCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1989, 32, 1, 1Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online27 September 2004Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00121a600https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00121a600research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
[From the immunological aspect--interleukin-10 production by human blood mononuclear cells stimulated with multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis]. (1996)

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) has been shown to down-regulate a number of different macrophage functions, including microbicidal activity against intracellular bacteria or parasites. In this study, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) obtained from a healthy tuberculin-reactor were stimulated in vitro with various strains of multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MDRTB) or drug-sensitive M. tuberculosis (DSTB) to produce IL-10. We obtained one mycobacterial strain from each patient, preparing a total of 10 strains of DSTB, 5 strains of MDRTB. PBMC were cultured with LPS or mycobacterial preparations for 1, 3 and 5 days. IL-10 concentration in the culture supernatants was measured by ELISA using IL-10-specific monoclonal antibodies. The mean IL-10 production by PBMC stimulated with MDRTB was greater than that with DSTB, statistically significant at day 3 (MDRTB 171.4 +/- 18.2 pg/ml, DSTB 106.3 +/- 17.2 pg/ml, p < 0.05). Cell separation experiments indicated that cells producing IL-10 when stimulated with M. tuberculosis or LPS were monocytes, not T lymphocytes. Next, we examined PBMC from refractory tuberculosis patient who had continuously excreted MDRTB. PBMC from those patients secreted greater, but statistically not significant, amounts of IL-10 in response to LPS or TB bacilli than those of healthy subjects. Increased production of IL-10 by MDRTB-stimulated PBMC might be responsible for intractable tuberculosis.
전북지역 돼지유행성설사 바이러스 Spike 유전자 염기서열 및 계통분석 (2021)

Although many swine farms continuously vaccinated to sow to prevent Porcine epidemic diarrhea(PED), PED has occurred annually in swine herds in Jeonbuk province, Korea. In the present study, the small intestine and feces samples from 17 farms where severe watery diarrhea and death of newborn piglets occurred in 2019 were collected, amplified by RT-PCR and determined the complete nucleotide sequences of the spike (S) glycoprotein genes of nine Jeonbuk PEDV isolates. The spike (S) glycoprotein is an important determinant for molecular characterization and genetic relationship of PEDV. These nine complete S gene isolates were compared with other PEDV reference strains to identify the molecular diversity, phylogenetic relationships and antigenicity analysis. 9 field strains share 98.5∼100% homologies with each other at the nucleotide sequence level and 97.3∼100% homologies with each other at the amino acid level. The nine Jeonbuk PEDV isolates were classified into G2b group including a genetic specific signal, S-indels (insertion and deletion of S gene). In addition, comparisons the neutralizing epitopes of S gene between 9 field strains and domestic vaccine strains of Korea mutated 12-15 amino acids with SM-98-1 (G1a group) and mutated 0-3 amino acids with QIAP1401 (G2b group). Therefore, the development of G2b-based live vaccines will have to be expedited to ensure effective prevention of endemic PED in Korea. In addition, we will need to be prepared with periodic updates of preventive vaccines based on the PEDV variants for the re-emergence of a virulent strain.
Hiërarchical Job Scheduling for Clusters of Workstations (2000)

1 In this paper we study hierarchical job scheduling strategies for clusters of workstations. Our approach uses two-level scheduling: global scheduling and local scheduling. The local scheduler refines the scheduling decisions made by the global scheduler, taking into account the most recent information. In previous work, we explored the First Come First Served (FCFS), the Shortest Job First (SJF), and the First Fit (FF) policies at the global level. Now, we will apply all three policies both at the global and the local level. In addition, we use separate queues at the global level for arriving jobs, where the jobs with the same number of tasks are placed in one queue. At both levels, the schedulers strive to maintain a good load balance. The unit of load balancing at the global level is the job consisting of one or more parallel tasks; at the local level it is the task. 1 Introduction With the advent of large computing power in workstations and high speed networks, the highperforma...
Carotid Plaque Phenotyping by Correlating Plaque Morphology from Computed Tomography Angiography with Transcriptional Profiling (2021)

The study demonstrates that CTA image analysis for evaluation of carotid plaque morphology, also reflects prevalent biological processes relevant for assessment of plaque phenotype. The results support the use of CTA image analysis of plaque morphology for risk stratification and management of patients with carotid stenosis.
Heel Pain and Body Weight (1989)

Body weight has been implicated as a factor in plantar heel pain. In this study, a statistically significant correlation between heel pain and increased body weight is documented in a series of consecutive plantar heel pain patients.
Clinical trial of nimodipine in acute ischemic stroke. The American Nimodipine Study Group. (1992)

Nimodipine had no overall effect when treatment was begun within 48 hours. Confirmation of the benefits suggested by post hoc analyses for the subgroup treated with 120 mg nimodipine within 18 hours, and who had negative computed tomographic scans, would require a separate trial.
Curved dielectric optical waveguides with reduced transition losses (1982)

At a junction between two monomode dielectric optical waveguides with different curvatures power is lost by radiation. To reduce this transition loss, it is proposed to offset each waveguide section towards its centre of curvature by a distance which equals the corresponding shift between the wave-beam axis and the waveguide axis.
Development of laser scanning terahertz imaging system using organic nonlinear optical crystal (2010)

We constructed a laser scanning terahertz (THz) imaging system for high-speed imaging by using a galvano scanner and an organic nonlinear optical crystal, DASC, as a two-dimensional THz emitter. Using this system, we succeeded in obtaining high-resolution THz images of a test sample.