gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Access Flow: A Protection Model which Integrates Access Control and Information Flow (1981)

Past work concerning operating system protection has focused on two notions: access control and information flow. Access control or protection matrix based protection systems control the ways in which users may manipulate objects. Information flow or security class based systems control the flow of information between users. Although it has been noted that both notions are essential to real protection systems, no previous work has compared the two notions, or developed a protection model that integrates those notions. This paper compares and contrasts access control and information flow and supports the assertion that both notious are essential to real protection systems. It is argued that the military classification model of information flow poorly models reality, and a new information flow model based on the controlled sharing of secrets is introduced. A protection model that integrates access control and information flow is then developed and formally defined, and some example applications of this model are described.
Comprehensive Study on Computational Methods for K-Shortest Paths Problem (2012)

The application domains like network connection routing, highway and power line engineering, robot motion planning and other optimization problems require the computation of shortest path. Computations of K-shortest paths provide more (K-1) numbers of backup shortest paths for consideration, which enable the applicability of additional constraints on the particular domains. For instance, a biologist can determine the best of an alignment from the available instances of biological sequence alignments generated from more than one shortest paths computation. The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review of existing algorithms available for Kshortest paths computation. It will be useful for researcher to implement the effective K-shortest paths computation based on their matching computational requirements over the domain of their interest.
Plasma Homocysteine, Aortic Stiffness, and Renal Function in Hypertensive Patients (1999)

Hyperhomocysteinemia has been associated with both vascular structure alterations and vascular clinical end points. To assess the relation between plasma homocysteine, structure and function of large arteries, and the presence of clinical vascular disease, we investigated a population of 236 hypertensive patients. We estimated arterial stiffness by measuring the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity. Total plasma homocysteine was determined by fluorometric high-performance liquid chromatography. The presence of cardiovascular disease was defined on the basis of clinical events, including coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. In this population, pulse wave velocity was positively correlated with homocysteine, even after adjustments for age, mean blood pressure, extent of atherosclerosis, and creatinine clearance (P=0.016). Analysis of variance showed statistically significant differences between the mean values of homocysteine, creatinine clearance, and pulse wave velocity according to the extent of atherosclerosis, with an increase in these 3 parameters concomitant with an increase in the number of vascular sites involved with atherosclerosis. In conclusion, in hypertensive patients the levels of homocysteine are strongly and independently correlated to arterial stiffness measured by aortic pulse wave velocity. Plasma homocysteine, creatinine clearance, and aortic pulse wave velocity are higher in patients presenting with clinical vascular disease. These results suggest that the evaluation of aortic distensibility and homocysteine levels can help in cardiovascular risk assessment in hypertensive populations.
Zinc Mediated Azide–Alkyne Ligation to 1,5- and 1,4,5-Substituted 1,2,3-Triazoles (2013)

A mild method for regioselective formation of 1,5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles is described. The zinc-mediated reaction works at room temperature and is successful across a wide range of azido/alkynyl substrates. Additionally, the triazole 4-position can be further functionalized through the intermediate aryl-zinc to accommodate a diverse three-component coupling strategy.
Probing the human vestibular system with galvanic stimulation (2004)

Galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) is a simple, safe, and specific way to elicit vestibular reflexes. Yet, despite a long history, it has only recently found popularity as a research tool and is rarely used clinically. The obstacle to advancing and exploiting GVS is that we cannot interpret the evoked responses with certainty because we do not understand how the stimulus acts as an input to the system. This paper examines the electrophysiology and anatomy of the vestibular organs and the effects of GVS on human balance control and develops a model that explains the observed balance responses. These responses are large and highly organized over all body segments and adapt to postural and balance requirements. To achieve this, neurons in the vestibular nuclei receive convergent signals from all vestibular receptors and somatosensory and cortical inputs. GVS sway responses are affected by other sources of information about balance but can appear as the sum of otolithic and semicircular canal responses. Electrophysiological studies showing similar activation of primary afferents from the otolith organs and canals and their convergence in the vestibular nuclei support this. On the basis of the morphology of the cristae and the alignment of the semicircular canals in the skull, rotational vectors calculated for every mode of GVS agree with the observed sway. However, vector summation of signals from all utricular afferents does not explain the observed sway. Thus we propose the hypothesis that the otolithic component of the balance response originates from only the pars medialis of the utricular macula.
Fetal cells in maternal blood (2001)

Fetal lymphocytes, trophoblasts, and nucleated red blood cells have each been separated from maternal blood by methods such as flow cytometry, magnetic cell sorting, and charge flow separation. The frequency of fetal cells among circulating maternal mononuclear cells remains to be ascertained. Current estimates range from about 10-5 to 10-7, but the numbers may be increased in women carrying aneuploid fetuses. Fetal cells separated from maternal blood have been studied by methods such as polymerase chain reaction and fluorescence in situ hybridization. Among fetal conditions so far identified are sex; human leukocyte antigen and Rh blood types; trisomy 13, 18 and 21; triploidy; and sickle cell anemia and thalassemia. Thus, fetal cell separation might one day be used for screening of the common aneuploidies and, ultimately, for prenatal diagnosis. Individual fetal erythroid precursors have been cultured after separation in some laboratories. Culturing and karyotyping of separated fetal cells might enable diagnosis of a spectrum of chromosomal and genetic disorders. Further development will be required, however, before regular clinical application of these methodologies.
T-cell receptors of man and mouse studied with antibodies against synthetic peptides. (1992)

We used polyclonal rabbit antibodies directed against synthetic peptides predicted from the gene sequence of the human T-cell receptor (TCR) beta-chain YT35 to study the antigen receptor on human helper T-cell leukemia lines and on normal mouse thymocytes. Antibodies were raised to peptides corresponding to joining segment (J beta) and to a conserved stretch of sequence around the first cysteine in the constant region (C beta). These peptides were selected on the basis of homology with corresponding segments of immunoglobulin light chains. The specificity of the antibodies was established using synthetic overlapping peptides that modelled the complete TCR beta-chain. Western blot analysis was performed against detergent lysates of T cells. Both of the antibodies reacted strongly with 2-3 polypeptides in the mass range 40-45 kDa in mouse and human cells. Clearance experiments using monoclonal antibodies against murine TCR alpha- and beta-chains and against human TCR beta-chain and immunoprecipitations with monoclonal antibody to the murine T3 complex established that these components represented the alpha/beta heterodimer. An additional component around 31 kDa was detected by anti-J beta antibodies in murine thymus extracts. The use of the affinity-purified antipeptide antibody in two-dimensional Western blot analyses allows the clear discrimination between the characteristic individual receptors of monoclonal neoplastic T cells and the polydisperse patterns representative of heterogeneous normal populations. Antigenic cross-reactions between T-cell receptor beta-chains of man and mouse observed with monoclonal antibodies and rabbit antisera to peptides are consistent with the homology in gene sequence between the two species.
Polyelectrolyte Diode:  Nonlinear Current Response of a Junction between Aqueous Ionic Gels (2007)

We demonstrate that a fixed junction between two aqueous gels containing oppositely charged polyelectrolytes could rectify electric current. The agarose-based gels were "doped" with sodium poly(styrene sulfonic acid) and poly(diallyl dimethylammonium chloride). The unidirectional current response of the interface between the cationic and anionic gels originates directly from anisotropy in the mobile ionic charges in the gels. The current depends on the concentration of polyelectrolyte, the background ionic concentration, and the distance traveled by the ions. The I-V curves from the devices demonstrated a combination of transient and stationary rectification effects. The current densities achieved were comparable to or higher than those obtained with previously reported organic semiconductor diodes. The diodes had good long-term stability in both DC and AC conduction modes. The materials and the process of preparation of these devices are simple, inexpensive, and scalable. They could be used in flexible and biocompatible electronic circuits.
Production of Eruca‐Brassica Hybrids by Embryo Rescue (1990)

Abstract Allied species of crop Brassicas have potential value as donors of useful nuclear/organelle genomes. Eruca sativa , a member of subtribe Brassicineae , is resistant to white rust and well adapted to drought. Attempts to hybridize it with Brassica campestris by conventional methods were unsuccessful. However, hybrids were obtained by embryo rescue and the hybrid embryos were found to produce numerous secondary embryos in upto 7 to 8 subcultures. Plantlets developed from them exhibited morphological characteristics of both parents. The chromosome number of 2n = 42 showed that they were amphidiploids. The plants were allotctraploids (2n = 42) and showed 21 bivalents at M 1 of meiosis. Hybridization of total DNA of the hybrids with two probes, a B. campestris tandem repeat DNA and 18s ribosomal DNA of wheat showed that it was derived from the genome of both parents. The hybrids are self‐fertile and show the same high fertility even in A 3 generation. They were selfed or crossed with B. juncea, B. campestris and B. nigra to screen for useful agronomical traits. Six more embryos of E. saliva × B. campestris have been obtained and their growth is being studied. Preliminary small scale field trials indicate that the selfed hybrid is comparable in yield with a high yielding commercial variety of B. juncea.
The Nose as a Stereochemist. Enantiomers and Odor (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleThe Nose as a Stereochemist. Enantiomers and OdorRonald BentleyView Author Information Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260 Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2006, 106, 9, 4099–4112Publication Date (Web):August 15, 2006Publication History Received27 February 2006Published online15 August 2006Published inissue 1 September 2006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr050049tCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4540Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (251 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Lipids,Materials,Molecular structure,Neurophysiology,Odorants Get e-Alerts
A sub-micron CMOS embedded SRAM compiler (2002)

The authors describe the Memorist SRAM compiler, a highly flexible memory generation system that produces high-speed, high-density synchronous single or dual port static diffused memories embedded in a gate array environment. It provides for accurate timing characterization and is lightly integrated into an ASIC (application-specific integrated circuit) development system. Embedded memories up to 256K bits can be achieved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using real options to select stable middleware-induced software architectures (2005)

The requirements that force decisions towards building distributed system architectures are usually of a non-functional nature. Scalability, openness, heterogeneity, and fault-tolerance are examples of such non-functional requirements. The current trend is to build distributed systems with middleware, which provide the application developer with primitives for managing the complexity of distribution, system resources, and for realising many of the non-functional requirements. As non-functional requirements evolve, the ‘coupling’ between the middleware and architecture becomes the focal point for understanding the stability of the distributed software system architecture in the face of change. It is hypothesised that the choice of a stable distributed software architecture depends on the choice of the underlying middleware and its flexibility in responding to future changes in non-functional requirements. Drawing on a case study that adequately represents a medium-size component-based distributed architecture, it is reported how a likely future change in scalability could impact the architectural structure of two versions, each induced with a distinct middleware: one with CORBA and the other with J2EE. An option-based model is derived to value the flexibility of the induced-architectures and to guide the selection. The hypothesis is verified to be true for the given change. The paper concludes with some observations that could stimulate future research in the area of relating requirements to software architectures.
[Preliminary study on immunologic tolerance for hetero-skin graft induced by chimeric donors]. (2007)

Immunologic tolerance for skin graft can be induced by the skin from chimeric donors, which can prolong the surviving time of skin grafts and shorten the wound healing time.
Global DNA Hypomethylation Prevents Consolidation of Differentiation Programs and Allows Reversion to the Embryonic Stem Cell State (2012)

DNA methylation patterns change dynamically during mammalian development and lineage specification, yet scarce information is available about how DNA methylation affects gene expression profiles upon differentiation. Here we determine genome-wide transcription profiles during undirected differentiation of severely hypomethylated (Dnmt1⁻/⁻) embryonic stem cells (ESCs) as well as ESCs completely devoid of DNA methylation (Dnmt1⁻/⁻;Dnmt3a⁻/⁻;Dnmt3b⁻/⁻ or TKO) and assay their potential to transit in and out of the ESC state. We find that the expression of only few genes mainly associated with germ line function and the X chromosome is affected in undifferentiated TKO ESCs. Upon initial differentiation as embryoid bodies (EBs) wild type, Dnmt1⁻/⁻ and TKO cells downregulate pluripotency associated genes and upregulate lineage specific genes, but their transcription profiles progressively diverge upon prolonged EB culture. While Oct4 protein levels are completely and homogeneously suppressed, transcription of Oct4 and Nanog is not completely silenced even at late stages in both Dnmt1⁻/⁻ and TKO EBs. Despite late wild type and Dnmt1⁻/⁻ EBs showing a much higher degree of concordant expression, after EB dissociation and replating under pluripotency promoting conditions both Dnmt1⁻/⁻ and TKO cells, but not wild type cells rapidly revert to expression profiles typical of undifferentiated ESCs. Thus, while DNA methylation seems not to be critical for initial activation of differentiation programs, it is crucial for permanent restriction of developmental fate during differentiation.
Methylalumoxane as a Highly Lewis Acidic Reagent for Organic Synthesis (1997)

Methylalumoxane (MAO) is an extremely strong Lewis acid and is a useful reagent for organic reactions such as the Diels-Alder reaction and the amidation of esters. Reactions using MAO proceed much faster than those using Me3Al.
Selective electrowinning of silver and gold from cyanide process solutions (1993)

The US Bureau of Mines investigated the selective electrowinning of Ag and Au from cyanide solutions contaminated with Cu, with the goal of decreasing the amount of Cu codeposited. Decreasing Cu codeposited will reduce refinery costs. Direct current was applied to the cell in pulsed and square wave voltages at 0.70 A [center dot] h per 150 mL of solution. Times tested for each cycle ranged from 1 to 100,000 ms. Graphite, lead, and stainless steel were evaluated as electrode materials. Square wave electrowinning at 70 C gave the best separation of Ag and Au from Cu. Applying 2.5 V during the duty cycle, 0.0 V the rest of the period, a duty cycle to 10 to 30%, and a period of 100 to 1,000 ms gave the following results: Ag concentrations decreased from 34 to 0.1 [mu]g/mL, Au concentrations decreased from 54 to 0.2 [mu]g/mL, and Cu concentrations remained almost constant at 560 [mu]g/mL.
Merging of Thin‐ and Thick‐Film Fabrication Technologies: Toward Soft Stretchable “Island–Bridge” Devices (2017)

Soft stretchable thick–thin-film devices are prepared by merging different fabrication technologies with different functional materials. The new “island–bridge” devices rely on screen-printed thick-film island electrodes, connected by thin-film serpentine interconnects. Such a hybrid fabrication process enables to realize high-performance stretchable materials toward a new class of soft electronics with new capabilities that cannot be achieved via individual fabrication routes.
Satietin, a blood-borne, highly selective and potent anorectic glycoprotein. (1985)

Satietin, a 50 000 dalton anorectic glycoprotein, was isolated from human serum. Its isoelectric point is 7.0. It contains 14-15% amino acids and 70-75% carbohydrates. Its biological activity survives digestion with proteases and boiling. Satietin is a highly potent anorectic substance. The intracerebroventricular administration of 10-20 micrograms satietin suppresses food intake in rats during the first day of feeding after deprivation of food for 96 h to half of the amount eaten by untreated controls (ID50). The onset of the effect can be detected within 30 min, the peak effect is reached within an hour. The effect lasts 24-30 h. Satietin acts both at intravenous and subcutaneous administration (ID50 = 0.5-0.75 mg/kg) to rats deprived of food for 96 h. The peak effect is reached within an hour and lasts over 24 h. In contrast to the anorectic drugs in clinical use and to the endogenous anorectic substances (like cholecystokinin and calcitonin), satietin proved to be highly selective in suppressing food intake. Considering that satietin is widely distributed in the world of vertebrates, its concentration in the blood is amazingly high, its site of effect is in the central nervous system and it induces satiety without having any other detectable central or peripheral effect, the hypothesis was put forward that satietin may play the role of a rate limiting blood-borne satiety signal in the negative feed-back of food intake, i.e. serving as the essential chemical link connecting the gastrointestinal tract and the brain in the regulation of feeding.
Gefitinib Prevents Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis in Mice (2006)

These findings suggest that, in the preclinical setting, EGFR-TKIs may have a protective effect on lung fibrosis induced by bleomycin. Because these molecular targeted drugs may have differing effects depending on species and individuals, a cautious interpretation is warranted.
Otvorena nastava kao teorijski konstrukt (2006)

SaetakAnaliza radova koji se bave temom otvorene nastave pokazala je veliku arolikost, difuznost shvaanja i brojnost pokuaja odreenja to otvorena nastava
Lactate Stimulates Vasculogenic Stem Cells via the Thioredoxin System and Engages an Autocrine Activation Loop Involving Hypoxia-Inducible Factor 1 (2008)

The recruitment and differentiation of circulating stem/progenitor cells (SPCs) in subcutaneous Matrigel in mice was assessed. There were over one million CD34(+) SPCs per Matrigel plug 18 h after Matrigel implantation, and including a polymer to elevate the lactate concentration increased the number of SPCs by 3.6-fold. Intricate CD34(+) cell-lined channels were linked to the systemic circulation, and lactate accelerated cell differentiation as evaluated based on surface marker expression and cell cycle entry. CD34(+) SPCs from lactate-supplemented Matrigel exhibited significantly higher concentrations of thioredoxin 1 (Trx1) and hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) than cells from unsupplemented Matrigel, whereas Trx1 and HIF-1 in CD45(+) leukocytes were not elevated by lactate. Results obtained using small inhibitory RNA (siRNA) specific to HIF-1 and mice with conditionally HIF-1 null myeloid cells indicated that SPC recruitment and lactate-mediated effects were dependent on HIF-1. Cells from lactate-supplemented Matrigel had higher concentrations of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, Trx1, Trx reductase (TrxR), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1) than cells from unsupplemented Matrigel. SPC recruitment and protein changes were inhibited by siRNA specific to lactate dehydrogenase, TrxR, or HIF-1 and by oxamate, apocynin, U0126, N-acetylcysteine, dithioerythritol, and antibodies to VEGF or SDF-1. Oxidative stress from lactate metabolism by SPCs accelerated further SPC recruitment and differentiation through Trx1-mediated elevations in HIF-1 levels and the subsequent synthesis of HIF-1-dependent growth factors.