gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A secreted and LIF-mediated stromal cell–derived activity that promotes ex vivo expansion of human hematopoietic stem cells (2000)

The development of culture systems that facilitate ex vivo maintenance and expansion of transplantable hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) is vital to stem cell research. Establishment of such culture systems will have significant impact on ex vivo manipulation and expansion of transplantable stem cells in clinical applications such as gene therapy, tumor cell purging, and stem cell transplantation. We have recently developed a stromal-based culture system that facilitates ex vivo expansion of transplantable human HSCs. In this stromal-based culture system, 2 major contributors to the ex vivo stem cell expansion are the addition of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and the AC6.21 stromal cells. Because the action of LIF is indirect and mediated by stromal cells, we hypothesized that LIF binds to the LIF receptor on AC6.21 stromal cells, leading to up-regulated production of stem cell expansion promoting factor (SCEPF) and/or down-regulated production of stem cell expansion inhibitory factor (SCEIF). Here we demonstrate a secreted SCEPF activity in the conditioned media of LIF-treated AC6.21 stromal cell cultures (SCM-LIF). The magnitude of ex vivo stem cell expansion depends on the concentration of the secreted SCEPF activity in the SCM-LIF. Furthermore, we have ruled out the contribution of 6 known early-acting cytokines, including interleukin-3, interleukin-6, granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor, stem cell factor, flt3 ligand, and thrombopoietin, to this SCEPF activity. Although further studies are required to characterize this secreted SCEPF activity and to determine whether this secreted SCEPF activity is mediated by a single factor or by multiple growth factors, our results demonstrate that stromal cells are not required for this secreted SCEPF activity to facilitate ex vivo stem cell expansion. (Blood. 2000;95:1957-1966)
Ultrasmall Gold Cluster Arrays Encapsulated in Silica Nanospheres: Applications in Fluorescence Imaging and Catalysis (2011)

Facile synthesis of ultrasmall gold nanoclusters of size <2 nm dispersible in water using a novel quaternary ammonium ligand is reported. Further, arrays of these nanoclusters are encapsulated in monodisperse silica nanospheres of size 25–30 nm. The photophysical characteristics of the clusters are found to be intact upon encapsulation, rendering the resulting composite material ideal for fluorescence imaging applications. We have further shown the utilization of these materials in catalysis as precursors for Au nanoparticles encapsulated in porous silica.
Twenty years since ‘antibody mimics’ by molecular imprinting were first proposed: A critical perspective (2013)

inaugural molecular imprinting paper that demonstrated imprinting within an organic polymer [1]. Some twenty years later, in February 1993, the group of Klaus Mosbach published their milestone study in Nature where, for the first time, noncovalent molecular imprints were employed in a competitive binding assay for the detection/quantitation of theophylline and diazepam in human serum [2]. Cited almost 1,200 times, this paper helped popularise the technique of imprinting as a means of generating synthetic recognition materials and, decades after the first report of molecular imprinting, spawned the phrase 'antibody mimics'; a term now synonymous with the technology. The authors hypothesised that the technology would, one day, provide a 'useful, general alternative to antibodies'. The Vlatakis et al. paper was the first demonstration of MIPs being successfully used as alternatives for antibodies in competitive binding assays. The results reported were, and still are, impressive with molecular imprinted polymer (MIP) dissociation constants (K d ) in the nanomolar range and when challenged with a range of structurally related competitive ligands, cross-reactivity profiles correlating with those observed with antibodies (Table However, the key difference between the MIP assay and a typical immunoassay was the environment in which the assays were performed. Antibodies have the ability to efficiently bind their antigen with high affinity directly from complex biological milieu, whereas the MIP system required extraction of drug into organic solvents, namely acetonitrile/ acetic acid and toluene/heptane mixtures, in order to optimise Twenty years since 'antibody mimics' by molecular imprinting were first proposed: A critical perspective
The Opportunity of Change (2009)

1President of the Health Research and Educational Trust (HRET) and is the Senior Vice President for Research at the American Hospital Association For more information on this article, contact Maulik Joshi at[email protected].
8. The Immersed Finite Element Methods (2006)

In previous chapters, we have described the immersed interface method (IIM) using a finite difference discretization. Sometimes numerical methods using a finite element formulation may be preferred for various reasons such as theoretical analysis, personal background and preferences, available resources and linear solvers, etc. If a finite element method is applied to a self-adjoint elliptic PDE, the resulting linear system of equations is symmetric positive or negative definite. The Sobolev space theory provides strong theoretical foundations for convergence analysis for finite element methods. It is well known that a second-order accurate approximation to the solution of an interface problem can be generated by the Galerkin finite element method with the standard linear basis functions if the triangulation is aligned with the interface, that is, a body-fitted mesh is used; see, for example, [11, 30, 39, 44, 100, 273]. Applications of such methods can be found in [43, 45, 204, 272] and many others. Mortar finite element methods for elliptic interface problems are discussed in [111]. Finite volume methods for interface Maxwell system have been developed in [50, 51]. An alternative to body-fitted meshes is locally fitted mesh techniques in which the mesh is almost Cartesian except near the interface, where the mesh is modified; see [21, 25, 26]. However, it may be difficult and time consuming to generate a body-fitted mesh for an interface problem in which the interface separates the solution domain into pieces or problems with complicated geometries. Such difficulty may become even more severe for moving interface problems, because a new grid has to be generated at each time step, or every other time step. A number of efficient software packages and methods based on Cartesian grids such as the FFT, the level set method, and others may not be applied directly to a body-fitted mesh. Few publications can be found in the literature about using body-fitted meshes for moving interface problems that have topological changes such as merging and splitting.
The bungalow: The production of a global culture (1986)

The bungalow: The production of a global culture, by Anthony D King, Routledge and Kegan Paul, London 1984, $87.50.
Bacterial Biofilms and Catheters: A Key to Understanding Bacterial Strategies in Catheter‐Associated Urinary Tract Infection (1991)

Despite major technological improvements in catheter drainage systems, the indwelling Foley catheter remains the most common cause of nosocomial infection in medical practice. By approaching this common complicated urinary tract infection from the perspective of the biofilm strategy bacteria appear to use to overcome obstacles to produce bacteriuria, one appreciates a new understanding of these infections. An adherent biofilm of bacteria in their secretory products ascends the luminal and external surface of the catheter and drainage system from a contaminated drainage spigot or urethral meatus into the bladder. If the intraluminal route of bacterial ascent is delayed by strict sterile closed drainage or addition of internal modifications to the system, the extraluminal or urethral route assumes greater importance in the development of bacteriuria, but takes significantly longer. Bacterial growth within these thick coherent biofilms confers a large measure of relative resistance to antibiotics even though the individual bacterium remains sensitive, thus accounting for the failure of antibiotic therapy. With disruption of the protective mucous layer of the bladder by mechanical irritation, the bacteria colonizing the catheter can adhere to the bladder’s mucosal surface and cause infection. An appreciation of the role of bacterial biofilms in these infections should suggest future directions for research that may ultimately reduce the risk of catheter‐associated infection.
Analysis of spectra using correlation functions (1988)

We present a novel method for the quantitative analysis of spectra based on the properties of the cross correlation between a real spectrum and either a numerical synthesis or a laboratory simulation. We propose a new goodness-of-fit criterion called the heteromorphic coefficient H that has the property of being zero when a fit is achieved and varying smoothly through zero as the iteration proceeds, providing a powerful tool for automatic or near-automatic analysis. We also show that H can be rendered substantially noise-immune, permitting the analysis of very weak spectra well below the apparent noise level and, as a by-product, providing Doppler shift and radial velocity information with excellent precision. The technique is in regular use in the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) project and operates in an interactive, real time computing environment with turn-around times of a few seconds or less.
Dynamic NBTI management using a 45nm multi-degradation sensor (2010)

We propose a low power unified oxide and NBTI degradation sensor designed in 45nm process node. The cell power consumption is 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sup> lower than a previously proposed sensor. The unified nature enables efficient reliability monitoring with reduced sensor deployment effort and area overhead. Using the sensor Dynamic NBTI Management (DNM) has been implemented for the first time. DNM trades the excess `reliability-margin' present in the design, due to better than worst case operating conditions, with performance. For the typical case shown in this paper, DNM allows for an average boost of 90mV in accelerated supply voltage while bringing down the excess NBTI margin of 22.5mV to 8mV where the total budget for NBTI was 66mV.
Reiter's syndrome and acute aortic insufficiency (1972)

Abstract A 24‐year‐old man with active Reiter's syndrome suddenly developed aortic insufficiency. The significance of this lesion is commented upon. He represents the first well‐documented case of acute aortic insufficiency associated with Reiter's syndrome.
Uveitis Caused by<i>Tropheryma whippelii</i>(Whipple's Bacillus) (1995)

Whipple's disease is a multisystem bacterial disease usually characterized by malabsorption, diarrhea, and polyarthritis. Ocular manifestations of Whipple's disease include blurred vision or visual loss with one or more of the following findings: vitritis, uveitis, retinitis, retinal hemorrhage, choroiditis, papilledema, optic atrophy, and keratitis.1 In general, these ocular manifestations occur in patients who also have gastrointestinal or central nervous system involvement. We report a case of chronic, bilateral uveitis with unusual ophthalmologic features. The patient had no clinical evidence of gastrointestinal disease, and light microscopy of repeated duodenal-biopsy specimens was negative. A preliminary diagnosis of Whipple's disease was made on . . .
Recreating the Creation (2009)

In this excerpt from his forthcoming book, The New Holy Wars: Economic Religion versus Environmental Religion in Contemporary America, economist Robert H. Nelson provides examples of how current environmental religion is beset by underlying theological confusions. Intent upon restoring the natural world to a state prior to destructive human interventionwhether through trying to reintroduce extinct mega-fauna to the Americas or saving the endangered spotted owlenvironmentalists are unwittingly engaged in their own contradictory project of defying Darwinand playing God.
High mobility n-channel organic thin-film transistors and complementary inverters (2005)

We report on n-channel organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) with field-effect mobility comparable to that typically reported for p-channel OTFTs fabricated from pentacene. The OTFTs were fabricated on oxidized silicon wafers using N,N′-ditridecylperylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI–C13H27) as the semiconductor and with Au, Cr, Al, and LiF∕Al source and drain contacts. Accumulation mode n-channel transistor operation is demonstrated for all contact metals despite the large differences in their work functions. High field-effect mobility near 0.6cm2∕Vs and large Ion∕Ioff of 107 were achieved. Device performance is sufficient to demonstrate pentacene∕PTCDI–C13H27 TFT complementary inverters with record gain.
In vivo magnetic resonance imaging of catheter-based vascular gene transfer (2005)

The purpose of this study was to develop an in vivo imaging tool to monitor vascular gene transfer. We produced gadolinium/blue-dye and gadolinium/gene-vector media by mixing Magnevist with a trypan-blue or a lentiviral vector carrying a green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene. The gadolinium was used as an imaging marker for MRI to visualize vessel wall enhancement, while the blue-dye/GFP was used as a tissue stain marker for histology/immunohistochemistry to confirm the success of the transfer. Using Remedy gene delivery catheters, we transferred the gadolinium/blue-dye (n=8) or gadolinium/GFP-lentivirus (n=4) into the arteries of 12 pigs, monitored. under high-resolution MR imaging. This technical development enabled dynamic visualization of: (i) where the gadolinium/genes distributed; (ii) how satisfactorily the target portion was marked; and (iii) whether the gene transfer procedure caused complications. Our study represents the first direct evidence that catheter-based vascular gene delivery/distribution can be monitored by MR imaging in vivo.
Genome Sequencing and Annotation (2004)

Many microbial genome sequences have been determined, and more new genome projects are ongoing. Shotgun sequencing of randomly cloned short pieces of genomic DNA can provide a simple way of determining whole genome sequences. This process requires sequencing of many fragments, compilation of the separate sequences into one contiguous sequence, and careful editing of the assembled sequence. The genes present on the microbial genome are then predicted using clues derived from typical gene features, such as codon usage, ribosomal binding sequences, and bacterial initiation codons. Function of genes is predicted by homology searches performed against either public or well-established protein databases. This chapter discusses each of these stages in a genome-sequencing project.
A Two Stage Magnetic Analyzer for Isotopic Ratio Determinations of 10<sup>4</sup> to 1 or Greater (1954)

For the past few years we have been making isotopic ratio measurements on a variety of metals using a surface ionization type source. In certain applications, it is desirable to search for isotopes which are present in very small amounts. A specific difficulty has been encountered in searching for an isotope adjacent to another isotope of the same element in which the ratio of the large to small isotope is of the order of 104. As is well known, the resolution of a mass spectrometer is a function of a number of parameters. The first is the radius of curvature of the analyzing magnet; this factor determines the dispersion. Secondly, the width of the source and detector slits is a limitation. That is, if the slits are very small, the beam will be attenuated; on the other hand, as the slit widths approach the dispersion distance, it becomes increasingly difficult to resolve adjacent isotopes. A third, and also important factor, is the energy spread of the ions leaving the source. This energy spread arises from the I. R. drop in voltage across the surface ionization filament as well as from the kinetic energy distribution of ions produced by the surface ionization mechanism.
Argon mini-arc meets its match: use of a laser-driven plasma source in ultraviolet-detector calibrations (2014)

The National Institute of Standards and Technology operates two spectral comparator facilities, both of which are used to provide detector calibrations from the ultraviolet to the near-infrared spectral range. One, the Ultraviolet Spectral Comparator Facility (UV SCF), has been in operation for more than two decades, providing one of the core calibration services. Recently, the illumination source used in the UV SCF has been changed from an argon mini-arc source to a laser-driven plasma light source. This new source has higher brightness, a smaller source size, better temporal stability, and much better conversion efficiency than the previous source. The improvements in the capabilities are summarized.
Production and characterization of biologically active recombinant beta nerve growth factor. (1988)

DNA fragments encoding either rat or chicken beta nerve growth factor (NGF) were inserted in the expression vector p91023(B) for transient expression in COS cells. The two NGF constructs produced RNA transcripts and proteins of the predicted sizes. Conditioned media from the transfected cells stimulated neurite outgrowth from cultured chicken embryo sympathetic ganglia. The results show that the rat or chicken NGF gene can direct the synthesis of a biologically active NGF protein after transfection of COS cells.
Filterbank-based universal demosaicking (2010)

Recent advances in spatio-spectral sampling and panchromatic pixels have contributed to increased spatial resolution and enhanced noise performance. As such, it is necessary to consider the universality of demosaicking design principles-instead of CFA-specific optimization for signal recovery. In this article, we introduce a new universal demosaicking method that draws from the lessons learned in Bayer demosaicking designs, but can be applied to arbitrary array patterns. We recast the data-dependence of Bayer demosaicking as a parsimonious reconstruction of the underlying image signal that is inherently sparse in some representation. Using properties of filterbanks, we generalize this principle to yield a nonlinear recovery method that is consistent with the state-of-the-art Bayer demosaicking methods.
Capillary microfluidic electrophoretic mobility shift assays: application to enzymatic assays in drug discovery (2009)

This technology has reached maturity, providing reliable and robust results. Current limitations are the lower-than-desired throughput capacity for primary screening campaigns, and its current restriction to enzyme classes catalyzing a significant change in mass/charge of the substrate.
Three‐cell‐type clusters of T cells with antigen‐presenting cells best explain the epitope linkage and noncognate requirements of the <i>in vivo</i> cytolytic response (1987)

Using an established i.p. adoptive transfer system in which primed precursors of cytolytic (Tc) cells are combined with primed helper (Th) cells and alloantigen, the three-cell-type hypothesis of T-T cooperation has been tested. This hypothesis assumes that cooperation takes place through the formation of clusters, consisting of one or more Tc precursors plus one or more Th cells binding to antigen on the surface of antigen-presenting cells (APC). By using antigens in which the H-2Db epitopes recognized by the Tc precursors are presented either on the same cell as the BALB minor histocompatibility epitopes recognized by the Th cells, or a different one, the value of epitope-linkage has been explored. Epitope-linkage is found to enhance the response at low concentrations of antigen but not at high ones, in accordance with the prediction that at low concentrations individual APC will usually take up either one antigen or the other but not both from an unlinked mixture, while at high concentrations most APC will take up both whether they are linked or not. In a further test of this hypothesis, no requirement for a cognate T-T interaction could be detected. With the three-cell-type interaction thus better established, its implications in terms of efficiency compared with linked-cognate interactions and its evolution are discussed.
Cloning, Characterization and Developmental Regulation of Two Members of a Novel Human Gene Family of Neurite Outgrowth-Promoting Proteins (1991)

This report describes the cloning, expression and characterization of two members of a novel human gene family of proteins, HBNF and MK, which exhibit neurite outgrowth-promoting activity. The HBNF cDNA gene codes for a 168-residue protein which is a precursor for a previously described brain-derived heparin-binding protein of 136 amino acids. The second human gene identified in this study, called MK, codes for a 143-residue protein (including a 22-amino acid signal sequence) which is 46% homologous with HBNF. Complementary DNA constructs coding for the mature HBNF and MK proteins were expressed in bacteria and purified by heparin affinity chromatography. These recombinant proteins exhibited neurite-outgrowth promoting activity, but lacked mitogenic activity. The HBNF gene is expressed in the brain of adult mice and rats, but only minimal expression of MK was observed in this tissue. Different patterns of developmental expression were observed in the embryonic mouse, with MK expression peaking in the brain between days E12 and E14 and diminishing to minimal levels in the adult, while expression of HBNF mRNA was observed to gradually increase during embryogenesis, reaching a maximal level at birth and maintaining this level into adulthood. Expression of these genes was also observed in the human embryonal carcinoma cell line, NT2/D1. Retinoic acid induced the expression of HBNF and MK 6- and 11-fold, respectively, in this cell line. Our studies indicate that HBNF and MK are members of a new family of highly conserved, developmentally regulated genes that may play a role in nervous tissue development and/or maintenance.
Persistent microcirculatory alterations are associated with organ failure and death in patients with septic shock* (2004)

Microcirculatory alterations improve rapidly in septic shock survivors but not in patients dying with multiple organ failure, regardless of whether shock has resolved.
Mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties of metal fiber‐filled polymer composites (1979)

Abstract The critical concentration at which a metal‐filled composite becomes electrically conductive can be dramatically reduced by adding the metal as randomly dispersed fibers. The higher the aspect ratio of the fibers, the lower the concentration needed to induce electrical conductance. Composites exhibiting resistivities below 20 ohm‐cm have been produced with less than 8 volume percent aluminum fibers, having an aspect ratio of 24:1. At low fiber loadings the tensile strength of the composites is similar to that of the unfilled polymer. The thermal properties of these composites are shown to increase monotonically in accordance with the theoretical development of Nielsen.
Relevance of ineffective esophageal motility to secondary peristalsis in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (2013)

Defective activation of secondary peristalsis is present in ineffective esophageal motility patients with impedance abnormality. Our study indicates that increased ineffective esophageal motility severity associated with defective triggering of secondary peristalsis may contribute to impaired esophageal clearance in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease.