gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reliability evaluation of electric vehicle charging systems including the impact of repair (2017)

This paper presents a framework to analyze and assess the reliability of the power electronic circuits utilized in electric vehicle (EV) charging systems. These charging systems are anticipated to be a significant portion of the utility load in the near future. A general structure of electric vehicle charging systems is described including multi-phase interleaved charger topologies and different charging levels are discussed. The multi-phase interleaved charging system can be fault-tolerant so that the controller is capable of fault detection, isolation, and reconfiguration with perfect coverage. Component level reliability is calculated using MIL-HDBK-217. A Markov model is proposed to analyze the reliability of the fault tolerant multi-phase interleaved charger topology including the impact of repair. Reliability indices such as mean time to failure (MTTF) and mean time to first failure (MTTFF) are discussed and calculated. The impact of repair is investigated and evaluated on overall system reliability and the reliability indices for repairable and non-repairable charging systems are calculated and compared. The proposed systematic framework can be extended to reliability assessment and comparison of other types of EV chargers and can help understand and improve future charging infrastructure designs.
A Rapid Design Tool and Methodology for Reducing High Frequency Brake Squeal (2006)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A simple finite element model is presented as a rapid engineering tool for designing pad shape to reduce high frequency brake squeal. The mechanism, effect, and design methodology of pad shape on squeal are discussed. The proposed model and method are applied on fifteen different brakes to generate the alternative pad shape designs. Validation tests on dynamometer demonstrate very promising results for the proposed tool and method.</div>
An overview of the potential and actual contribution of the anthropological approach to the understanding of factors affecting demographic variables: fertility mortality and migration. (1988)

Survey methodology alone will not answer all the demographic questions which arise in Africa. This is particularly the case with regard to the cultural and social context of demographic behavior. Imported surveys include inappropriate questions and omit needed questions because their construction is based upon implicit assumptions from very different societies. African society is characterized by man unique features and it was because of this that the discipline of anthropology was so important in its study; similarly there is a need for distinguished history in such areas as traditional birth spacing the fostering of children and the demographic reaction to crisis. Much more work is needed on patterns of sexuality conjugal relations the economics of the family the position of women the cultural context of high fertility the acceptability of various types of fertility control the nature of child care and its mortality implications the demographic impact of the new African Christian religions and the way health and family planning services actually work. Anthropological research is also needed to test satisfactoriness of responses to survey questions and to design better questions. The paper outlines approaches which can be employed in anthropological demographic research. (authors)
Correlation between TIMP-1 expression and liver fibrosis in two rat liver fibrosis models (2006)

The correlations between TIMP-1 expression and liver fibrosis in two rat liver fibrosis models are different. In immune-induced model, serum TIMP-1 level could reflect the severity of liver fibrosis, while in CCL4-induced model, the correlation between the serum TIMP-1 level and the severity of hepatic fibrosis was not statistically significant.
Direct Vascular Effects of Estrogens and SERMs (2000)

The aim of this review is to provide an update on the latest advancements in the field of the action of estrogens on the cardiovascular system, and particularly on the molecular mechanisms of the direct effects of these hormones and of some of the new synthetic selective estrogen receptor modulators on the vascular wall.
Predicting oral reading miscues (2002)

This paper explores the problem of predicting specific reading mistakes, called miscues, on a given word.Characterizing likely miscues tells an automated reading tutor what to anticipate, detect, and remediate.As training and test data, we use a database of over 100,000 miscues transcribed by University of Colorado researchers.We explore approaches that exploit different sources of predictive power: the uneven distribution of words in text, and the fact that most miscues are real words.We compare the approaches' ability to predict miscues of other readers on other text.A simple rote method does best on the most frequent 100 words of English, while an extrapolative method for predicting real-word miscues performs well on less frequent words, including words not in the training data.
Alleged Effects of the Near Ultraviolet on Human Vision (1952)

It has been reported that short exposures of the human eye to near ultraviolet radiation in the wavelength range 290–365 mμ produce appreciable changes in subsequent dark adaptation, and a lasting depression of visual sensitivity, rod and cone. These reports are hard to reconcile with the fact that only traces of such radiation reach the retina. Wavelengths shorter than 300 mμ are absorbed by the cornea of the eye, and they can do damage; longer wavelengths up to 400 mμ are absorbed in the lens. The assertion that such radiations affect the visual sensitivity is reexamined in the present paper. Exposures to ultraviolet light identical with those referred to produce no appreciable effects on subsequent dark adaptation of the normal eye, rod or cone. In lensless (aphakic) subjects, near ultraviolet radiation in the neighborhood of 365 mμ does reach the retina and is clearly visible. Even in such persons, exposure to the near ultraviolet does not affect the threshold of rod vision after 20 minutes of dark adaptation. The early portions of dark adaptation—the adaptation of the cones, and sometimes also the early rod thresholds—may be raised; but these changes are caused, not by intrinsic effects of the ultraviolet, but by the increased brightness to which it gives rise in the aphakic eye.It is concluded that ultraviolet radiations which might harm the retina do not reach it; those which reach the retina do it no harm, and can at most be seen.
Magnesium: The Fifth but Forgotten Electrolyte (1994)

Magnesium (Mg) is the second most abundant intracellular cation and is a cofactor in more than 300 enzymatic reactions involving energy metabolism and protein and nucleic acid synthesis. Ionized Mg is the physiologically active form of the element. Protein-bound and chelated Mg buffer the ionized pool. Approximately half the total Mg in the body is present intracellularly in soft tissue, and the other half is present in bone. Less than 1% of the total body Mg is present in blood. However, the majority of our clinical laboratory information comes from the determination of total Mg in serum. Currently, the clinical laboratory evaluation of Mg status is limited primarily to the total serum Mg concentration and a 24-hour urinary excretion. Instrumentation to determine ionized Mg in serum (ion-selective electrode) and in soft tissue (nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) should be available in the near future. Magnesium may be a factor in the treatment of acute myocardial infarction and the rate of atherosclerosis. Chronic changes of Mg status, that may be latent, are poorly understood and require a better knowledge of ionized Mg metabolism.
KETENE FROM ACETIC ACID (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKETENE FROM ACETIC ACIDCharles D. Hurd and Kenneth E. MartinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1929, 51, 12, 3614–3617Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01387a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01387a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views614Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
SMP-SIM: An event-driven performance simulator for SMP (2012)

Performance prediction for the high performance computer system is of great importance for designing, implementing, and optimizing system. As a widely used technique for predicting performance, simulation method attracts more and more attention from the research community. Based on analyzing the problems in the current performance simulation techniques, we present a key idea of the performance simulator for SMP system based on event-driven. We propose the framework of SMP-SIM and implement it based on MPICH2. The simulation results show that, our simulation technique has the advantages of high accuracy and simulation performance.
Leukocyte density and pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in human fetal membranes, decidua, cervix and myometrium before and during labour at term (2003)

Accumulating evidence suggests that human parturition represents an inflammatory process. Leukocytes are known to infiltrate uterine tissues but the exact timing, nature and quantity of these cells has not been formally characterized. We have previously demonstrated an apparent increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines within tissues of the labouring uterus. The aims of this study were to quantify and compare the leukocyte subpopulations before and during labour in fetal membranes, decidua and cervix and to quantify and compare mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta), IL-6, IL-8 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in myometrium, cervix, chorio-decidua and amnion. Biopsies of each of these tissues were obtained from pregnant women delivered by Caesarean section before and after the onset of spontaneous labour at term. Subpopulations of leukocytes were identified using immunohistochemistry and cytokine mRNA expression was quantified using Northern analysis. We found that parturition was associated with a significant increase in IL-1beta, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression in cervix and myometrium, IL-6 and IL-8 mRNA expression in chorio-decidua and IL-1beta and IL-8 mRNA expression in amnion. Histological analysis demonstrated that leukocytes (predominantly neutrophils and macrophages) infiltrate the uterine cervix coincident with the onset of labour. These data lend further support to the hypothesis that labour is an inflammatory process.
Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia Long-Term Survivors (2014)

The number of leukemia patients and survivors is growing. This review summarizes what is known regarding the health related quality of life (HRQOL) and medical complications associated with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) disease and treatment and highlights understudied aspects of adult AML survivorship care, and potential novel areas for intervention.
Inspection and Repair Techniques and Strategies for Alloy 600 PWSCC in Reactor Vessel Head CRD Nozzles and Welds (2002)

As a result of the Alloy 600 PWSCC CRD nozzle leaks discovered in the fall of 2000 and spring of 2001 in several US plants, the NRC has recommended a more pro-active effort by U.S. utilities to inspect similarly susceptible nozzles in all US plants. The primary safety concern is circumferential cracks that can permit the nozzle to separate from the head at high velocity and produce a large-break leak in the reactor vessel. A secondary concern is head leakage from any through-wall cracks in the nozzle or J-groove weld area. Although the fundamental weld and seal design are similar for all US PWR plants, the various surrounding geometry and repair probability considerations require multiple inspection and repair alternatives. Geometry issues include the head insulation design that influences the ability to perform visual examinations from above the head, and the presence or absence of thermal sleeves and funnels governing the type of NDE probes than can be used. Repair probability considerations primarily include the likelihood for repair of a small or large number of nozzles and the length of time the repair must last before a head replacement. This paper discusses the various inspection and repair alternatives offered by one service vendor and discusses a decision process for planning the inspection and repair effort.
Designing fuzzy logic controllers for DC servomotors supported by fuzzy logic control development environment (2002)

The design of advanced controllers for many industrial processes is heavily dependent on the availability of a model for the process. Construction of appropriate models is often not possible due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the process. Fuzzy logic can be used for different tasks within intelligent control systems because they represent general, nonlinear relationships that can be initialized using expert knowledge. In adaptive control the key problem is system identification and fuzzy logic is used as process identification and acts as an on-line adaptive part of the control system. The presented work in this paper devoted to the development and the implementation of a smooth and robust fuzzy logic based PID controller targeting a real process represented by a DC servomotor. The aim is to overcome the need for an on-line tuning problem associated with the parameters of classical PID approach and enhances the performance. The adopted self-tuning strategy improves the performance automatically until it converges to a predetermined optimal global criterion. The experimental results and the performance of a developed fuzzy logic controller is compared with other methods such as, model reference adaptive controller and other fuzzy logic based controllers using the same process in terms of steady state error, settling time, and response time. The developed controller shows better performance.
Purification and Characterization of Allophanate Hydrolase (AtzF) from <i>Pseudomonas</i> sp. Strain ADP (2005)

AtzF, allophanate hydrolase, is a recently discovered member of the amidase signature family that catalyzes the terminal reaction during metabolism of s-triazine ring compounds by bacteria. In the present study, the atzF gene from Pseudomonas sp. strain ADP was cloned and expressed as a His-tagged protein, and the protein was purified and characterized. AtzF had a deduced subunit molecular mass of 66,223, based on the gene sequence, and an estimated holoenzyme molecular mass of 260,000. The active protein did not contain detectable metals or organic cofactors. Purified AtzF hydrolyzed allophanate with a k(cat)/K(m) of 1.1 x 10(4) s(-1) M(-1), and 2 mol of ammonia was released per mol allophanate. The substrate range of AtzF was very narrow. Urea, biuret, hydroxyurea, methylcarbamate, and other structurally analogous compounds were not substrates for AtzF. Only malonamate, which strongly inhibited allophanate hydrolysis, was an alternative substrate, with a greatly reduced k(cat)/K(m) of 21 s(-1) M(-1). Data suggested that the AtzF catalytic cycle proceeds through a covalent substrate-enzyme intermediate. AtzF reacts with malonamate and hydroxylamine to generate malonohydroxamate, potentially derived from hydroxylamine capture of an enzyme-tethered acyl group. Three putative catalytically important residues, one lysine and two serines, were altered by site-directed mutagenesis, each with complete loss of enzyme activity. The identity of a putative serine nucleophile was probed using phenyl phosphorodiamidate that was shown to be a time-dependent inhibitor of AtzF. Inhibition was due to phosphoroamidation of Ser189 as shown by liquid chromatography/matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. The modified residue corresponds in sequence alignments to the nucleophilic serine previously identified in other members of the amidase signature family. Thus, AtzF affects the cleavage of three carbon-to-nitrogen bonds via a mechanism similar to that of enzymes catalyzing single-amide-bond cleavage reactions. AtzF orthologs appear to be widespread among bacteria.
Chance favors a prepared genome (2008)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Proangiogenic Role of Tumor–Activated Hepatic Stellate Cells in Experimental Melanoma Metastasis (2003)

Myofibroblasts infiltrate malignant liver tumors, although their pathogenic implications are unclear. Immunohistochemical detection of alpha-smooth muscle actin, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and CD31 and CD34 expression was used to analyze the contribution of myofibroblasts to angiogenesis in hepatic metastasis produced by intrasplenically-injected B16 melanoma (B16M). Because activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are oxygen-sensing myofibroblasts producing vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the effect of B16M and human A375 melanoma supernatants on VEGF production by immortalized rat HSC line T6 and primary cultured human HSCs also was studied under an hypoxic atmosphere mimicking a tumor microenvironment. Myofibroblast infiltration preceded endothelium recruitment in avascular micrometastasis and generated specific stroma for sinusoidal-type and portal-type angiogeneses. Thereafter, myofibroblasts and endothelial cells colocalized within both angiogenic patterns and their numerical densities correlated with metastasis development. Myofibroblasts often were GFAP-positive, suggesting an HSC origin. Melanoma supernatants stimulated VEGF messenger RNA and protein synthesis by HSCs. These effects were potentiated by hypoxia. VEGF up-regulation was accompanied by increased expression of cyclooxygenase type 2 (COX-2) and PGE2 synthesis. HSC production of VEGF decreased under COX-2 inhibition, whereas it was increased by exogenous PGE2. The high VEGF expression in HSCs induced by melanoma factors and hypoxia resulted in mitogenic, antiapoptotic, and motogenic stimulation of both murine hepatic sinusoidal endothelium and human umbilical vein endothelium. In conclusion, temporal and positional relationships evolve between myofibroblast and endothelium recruitment during metastasis development. Mechanistically, hypoxic induction of VEGF in tumor-activated HSCs may create a proangiogenic microenvironment, facilitating endothelial cell recruitment and survival during hepatic metastasis transition from an avascular to a vascular stage.
Same or Not the Same? Comparison of Adipose Tissue-Derived Versus Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stem and Stromal Cells (2012)

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) comprise a heterogeneous population of cells with multilineage differentiation potential, the ability to modulate oxidative stress, and secrete various cytokines and growth factors that can have immunomodulatory, angiogenic, anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Recent data indicate that these paracrine factors may play a key role in MSC-mediated effects in modulating various acute and chronic pathological conditions. MSCs are found in virtually all organs of the body. Bone marrow-derived MSCs (BM-MSCs) were discovered first, and the bone marrow was considered the main source of MSCs for clinical application. Subsequently, MSCs have been isolated from various other sources with the adipose tissue, serving as one of the alternatives to bone marrow. Adipose tissue-derived MSCs (ASCs) can be more easily isolated; this approach is safer, and also, considerably larger amounts of ASCs can be obtained compared with the bone marrow. ASCs and BM-MSCs share many biological characteristics; however, there are some differences in their immunophenotype, differentiation potential, transcriptome, proteome, and immunomodulatory activity. Some of these differences may represent specific features of BM-MSCs and ASCs, while others are suggestive of the inherent heterogeneity of both BM-MSC and ASC populations. Still other differences may simply be related to different isolation and culture protocols. Most importantly, despite the minor differences between these MSC populations, ASCs seem to be as effective as BM-MSCs in clinical application, and, in some cases, may be better suited than BM-MSCs. In this review, we will examine in detail the ontology, biology, preclinical, and clinical application of BM-MSCs versus ASCs.
Conformal microwave imaging for breast cancer detection (2003)

An important feature of our Gauss-Newton iterative scheme for microwave breast image reconstruction is that only the heterogeneous target zone within the antenna array is represented using the finite-element method, while the surrounding homogeneous coupling medium is modeled with the boundary-element (BE) method. The interface between these two zones may be arbitrary in shape and position with the restriction that the BE region contains only the homogeneous coupling liquid. In this paper, we demonstrate through simulation and phantom experiments, as well as in patient examinations, that the detection of tumor inclusions can be enhanced as the target zone approaches the exact breast perimeter. It is also shown that central artifacts that often appear in the reconstructed images that may potentially confound the ability to distinguish benign and malignant conditions have also been reduced.
Real-world illumination and the perception of surface reflectance properties (2003)

Under typical viewing conditions, we find it easy to distinguish between different materials, such as metal, plastic, and paper. Recognizing materials from their surface reflectance properties (such as lightness and gloss) is a nontrivial accomplishment because of confounding effects of illumination. However, if subjects have tacit knowledge of the statistics of illumination encountered in the real world, then it is possible to reject unlikely image interpretations, and thus to estimate surface reflectance even when the precise illumination is unknown. A surface reflectance matching task was used to measure the accuracy of human surface reflectance estimation. The results of the matching task demonstrate that subjects can match surface reflectance properties reliably and accurately in the absence of context, as long as the illumination is realistic. Matching performance declines when the illumination statistics are not representative of the real world. Together these findings suggest that subjects do use stored assumptions about the statistics of real-world illumination to estimate surface reflectance. Systematic manipulations of pixel and wavelet properties of illuminations reveal that the visual system's assumptions about illumination are of intermediate complexity (e.g., presence of edges and bright light sources), rather than of high complexity (e.g., presence of recognizable objects in the environment).