gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A PERMIS-based authorization solution between portlets and back-end web services (2006)

A portal is a Web-based application that acts as an entry point to distributed resources. Individual portlets in a portal can be used to integrate information from a variety of back-end Web services. However, when Web services are deployed, they are available to unintended clients not related to the portal so a general solution for authorizing access to them is needed that is integrated with the portal’s own authentication and authorization mechanisms. This paper investigates the feasibility of an implementation of a general purpose solution for authorization between portlets and their back end Web services based on Privilege and Role Management Infrastructure Standards (PERMIS) which uses Web services security standards such as WS-Security and SAML. This solution is also appropriate for authorization across organizational boundaries supporting the inclusion of service resources to a portal which are contributed by many different organizations. A motivating example of instrument sharing based on the CIMA remote instrument access protocol is presented.
The molecular make-up of a tumour: proteomics in cancer research (2005)

The enormous progress in proteomics, enabled by recent advances in MS (mass spectrometry), has brought protein analysis back into the limelight of cancer research, reviving old areas as well as opening new fields of study. In this review, we discuss the basic features of proteomic technologies, including the basics of MS, and we consider the main current applications and challenges of proteomics in cancer research, including (i) protein expression profiling of tumours, tumour fluids and tumour cells; (ii) protein microarrays; (iii) mapping of cancer signalling pathways; (iv) pharmacoproteomics; (v) biomarkers for diagnosis, staging and monitoring of the disease and therapeutic response; and (vi) the immune response to cancer. All these applications continue to benefit from further technological advances, such as the development of quantitative proteomics methods, high-resolution, high-speed and high-sensitivity MS, functional protein assays, and advanced bioinformatics for data handling and interpretation. A major challenge will be the integration of proteomics with genomics and metabolomics data and their functional interpretation in conjunction with clinical results and epidemiology.
Creative strategies of Super Bowl commercials 2001-2009: an analysis of message strategies (2011)

This study employs creative strategies to contentanalyse Super Bowl commercials from 2001 to 2009, focusing specifically on message strategies. The findings aim to answer four research questions. What are the message strategies commonly employed in Super Bowl commercials? What are the trends of the message strategies employed in Super Bowl commercials over time? What are the relationships between the message strategies and the commercial likeability? What are the specific roles played by the high- vs. low-involvement product categories?
16 alpha-substituted analogs of the antiprogestin RU486 induce a unique conformation in the human progesterone receptor resulting in mixed agonist activity. (1996)

Previously, we have shown that agonists and antagonists interact with distinct, though overlapping regions within the human progesterone receptor (hPR) resulting in the formation of structurally different complexes. Thus, a link was established between the structure of a ligand-receptor complex and biological activity. In this study, we have utilized a series of in vitro assays with which to study hPR pharmacology and have identified a third class of hPR ligands that induce a receptor conformation which is distinct from that induced by agonists or antagonists. Importantly, when assayed on PR-responsive target genes these compounds were shown to exhibit partial agonist activity; an activity that was influenced by cell context. Thus, as has been shown previously for estrogen receptor, the overall structure of the ligand-receptor complex is influenced by the nature of the ligand. It appears, therefore, that the observed differences in the activity of some PR and estrogen receptor ligands reflect the ability of the cellular transcription machinery to discriminate between the structurally different complexes that result following ligand interaction. These data support the increasingly favored hypothesis that different ligands can interact with different regions within the hormone binding domains of steroid hormone receptors resulting in different biologies.
Granularity–density relationship for electrophotography incorporating paper and toner granularities (1986)

An equation to describe the granularity of an electrophotographic imaging system has been developed to include the density variance attributed to the reflectance of paper and toner surfaces. Granularity measurements from two conventional electrophotographic copiers were used to validate the relationship. The results show good agreement with the overall shape of the granularity-versus-density curve; however, the values are not consistent with estimated toner particle size. Clustering of the toner particles is suggested as the cause of the high granularity values.
A FRAMEWORK FOR SOFTWARE PERFORMANCE ENGINEERING OF CLIENT/SERVER SYSTEMS (1997)

Designers of new client/server (C/S) applications have many choices such as use of three-tiered architectures, work distribution between clients and servers, distribution of functions and DB tables among servers, and others. This paper presents a language-based framework for Software Performance Engineering in C/S environments. The language allows for the specification of objects such as clients, servers, DB tables, networks, and transactions. A specification of a C/S system in this language compiles into an analytic model used to predict the performance of the new system.
Loss of heterozygosity for 10q22-10qter in malignant melanoma progression. (1994)

Karyotypic and molecular data indicate that genetic events involving the chromosome region 10q22-10qter may be related to tumorigenesis in malignant melanoma. To test this we analyzed 10 polymorphic microsatellite repeats in the region 10q22-qter, using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay for loss of heterozygosity and DNA isolated from normal and tumor tissue from 26 individuals with malignant melanoma. The samples included 19 paired normal and malignant tissues representing various stages of melanoma as well as 7 cases in which samples from at least 2 different points in time during tumor progression were available. Our findings indicate that loss of heterozygosity of 10q22-10qter is a frequent event, that the observed loss of heterozygosity does not result from whole chromosome loss, and that it is associated with tumor progression. Finally, the appearance of new alleles in two of the tumors may indicate the involvement of DNA replication errors in melanoma analogous to such events in other tumor types.
Strain Derivatives for Practical Charge Rate Characterization of Lithium Ion Electrodes (2015)

During battery use, electrode materials are known to expand and contract in repeatable patterns, and this strain has been previously correlated with battery properties such as state of charge and state of health. In this study, we show that the second derivative of strain, d2ɛ/dQ2, is mathematically proportional to dV/dQ within an electrode stage. We also experimentally quantify peaks in the strain curves for electrode stage transitions at practical charge rates of up to C/2 and confirm that transitions are visible in the practical scenario of discharging at the higher rate of 1C. Moreover, the location of the transition measured by d2ɛ/dQ2 changes by less than 10% from 0.05 C to 0.5 C, but the transition measured with dV/dQ decreases by more than 15% from 0.05 C to 0.3 C, demonstrating the reliability of strain to measure electrode transitions at moderate charge rates. We also note that d2ɛ/dQ2 exhibits similar peak shifts as those expected in dV/dQ as the cell ages. Our derivations for the model system of graphite and lithium cobalt oxide can be generalized to other battery systems and used to characterize materials at practical charge rates impossible with only voltage.
Genetics, Genomics and Evolution of Ergot Alkaloid Diversity (2015)

The ergot alkaloid biosynthesis system has become an excellent model to study evolutionary diversification of specialized (secondary) metabolites. This is a very diverse class of alkaloids with various neurotropic activities, produced by fungi in several orders of the phylum Ascomycota, including plant pathogens and protective plant symbionts in the family Clavicipitaceae. Results of comparative genomics and phylogenomic analyses reveal multiple examples of three evolutionary processes that have generated ergot-alkaloid diversity: gene gains, gene losses, and gene sequence changes that have led to altered substrates or product specificities of the enzymes that they encode (neofunctionalization). The chromosome ends appear to be particularly effective engines for gene gains, losses and rearrangements, but not necessarily for neofunctionalization. Changes in gene expression could lead to accumulation of various pathway intermediates and affect levels of different ergot alkaloids. Genetic alterations associated with interspecific hybrids of Epichloë species suggest that such variation is also selectively favored. The huge structural diversity of ergot alkaloids probably represents adaptations to a wide variety of ecological situations by affecting the biological spectra and mechanisms of defense against herbivores, as evidenced by the diverse pharmacological effects of ergot alkaloids used in medicine.
Molecular Sensing Using Monolayer Floating Gate, Fully Depleted SOI MOSFET Acting as an Exponential Transducer (2010)

Field-effect transistor-based chemical sensors fall into two broad categories based on the principle of signal transduction-chemiresistor or Schottky-type devices and MOSFET or inversion-type devices. In this paper, we report a new inversion-type device concept-fully depleted exponentially coupled (FDEC) sensor, using molecular monolayer floating gate fully depleted silicon on insulator (SOI) MOSFET. Molecular binding at the chemical-sensitive surface lowers the threshold voltage of the device inversion channel due to a unique capacitive charge-coupling mechanism involving interface defect states, causing an exponential increase in the inversion channel current. This response of the device is in opposite direction when compared to typical MOSFET-type sensors, wherein inversion current decreases in a conventional n-channel sensor device upon addition of negative charge to the chemical-sensitive device surface. The new sensor architecture enables ultrahigh sensitivity along with extraordinary selectivity. We propose the new sensor concept with the aid of analytical equations and present results from our experiments in liquid phase and gas phase to demonstrate the new principle of signal transduction. We present data from numerical simulations to further support our theory.
Analysis of some redundancy removal bandwidth compression techniques (1967)

Three redundancy removal bandwidth compression algorithms --the floating-aperture predictor, the zero-order interpolator, and the fan interpolator--are analyzed. Theoretical expressions are found for the mean and mean-square times between output samples of these devices when the input signal is a Markov process. These expressions are evaluated for the case in which the input is a first-order Gaussian Markov process, and the resulting output sampling rates and transmission bandwidths are compared to those required by a PCM system using uniform sampling and optimum linear filter interpolation. It is shown that, given sufficient a priori knowledge of the signal process, there is little to be gained by using these redundancy removal techniques in place of the PCM system. However, if the signal statistics are unknown, the use of these algorithms instead of PCM may provide a considerable bandwidth reduction.
Crucial Role of Lys423 in the Electron Transfer of Neuronal Nitric-oxide Synthase (1999)

Nitric-oxide synthase (NOS) is composed of an oxygenase domain having cytochrome P450-type heme active site and a reductase domain having FAD- and FMN-binding sites. To investigate the route of electron transfer from the reductase domain to the heme, we generated mutants at Lys(423) in the heme proximal site of neuronal NOS and examined the catalytic activities, electron transfer rates, and NADPH oxidation rates. A K423E mutant showed no NO formation activity (<0.1 nmol/min/nmol heme), in contrast with that (72 nmol/min/nmol heme) of the wild type enzyme. The electron transfer rate (0.01 min(-1)) of the K423E on addition of excess NADPH was much slower than that (>10 min(-1)) of the wild type enzyme. From the crystal structure of the oxygenase domain of endothelial NOS, Lys(423) of neuronal NOS is likely to interact with Trp(409) which lies in contact with the heme plane and with Cys(415), the axial ligand. It is also exposed to solvent and lies in the region where the heme is closest to the protein surface. Thus, it seems likely that ionic interactions between Lys(423) and the reductase domain may help to form a flavin to heme electron transfer pathway.
Liquid Phase Epitaxial Growth of  ( Hg1 − x Cd x  ) Te from Tellurium‐Rich Solutions Using a Closed Tube Tipping Technique (1981)

The liquidus temperatures for have been determined for, , and compositions by differential thermal analyses. films with compositions of have been grown by liquid phase epitaxy on (111) A oriented substrates. The Cd segregation coefficient has been determined to be . Films grown at around 550°C from 3 mm thick melts at slow cooling rates showed thicknesses close to those expected for equilibrium growth. The residual impurity in the LPE films was usually n‐type and was less than 1015 cm−3 in the better films. Photovoltaic diodes fabricated in the films have shown performance comparable to those fabricated in bulk grown crystals.
New Mechanisms to Explain the Effects of Added Lactose Fines on the Dispersion Performance of Adhesive Mixtures for Inhalation (2014)

Fine excipient particles or 'fines' have been shown to improve the dispersion performance of carrier-based formulations for dry powder inhalation. Mechanistic formulation studies have focussed mainly on explaining this positive effect. Previous studies have shown that higher drug contents may cause a decrease in dispersion performance, and there is no reason why this should not be true for fines with a similar shape, size and cohesiveness as drug particles. Therefore, the effects on drug detachment of 'fine lactose fines' (FLF, X50 = 1.95 µm) with a similar size and shape as micronised budesonide were studied and compared to those of 'coarse lactose fines' (CLF, X50 = 3.94 µm). Furthermore, interactions with the inhalation flow rate, the drug content and the mixing order were taken into account. The observed effects of FLF are comparable to drug content effects in that the detached drug fraction was decreased at low drug content and low flow rates but increased at higher flow rates. At high drug content the effects of added FLF were negligible. In contrast, CLF resulted in higher detached drug fractions at all flow rates and drug contents. The results from this study suggest that the effects of fines may be explained by two new mechanisms in addition to those previously proposed. Firstly, fines below a certain size may increase the effectiveness of press-on forces or cause the formation of strongly coherent fine particle networks on the carrier surface containing the drug particles. Secondly, when coarse enough, fines may prevent the formation of, or disrupt such fine particle networks, possibly through a lowering of their tensile strength. It is recommended that future mechanistic studies are based on the recognition that added fines may have any effect on dispersion performance, which is determined by the formulation and dispersion conditions.
Forced magnetostriction of dilute Pd and Pt alloys with Fe and Co atoms (1982)

The concentration and temperature dependences of the forced volume magnetostriction for dilute Pd and Pt metals with Fe and Co atoms are calculated in the combined model of the localised moments on Fe and Co atoms and itinerant d electrons on Pd and Pt metals. The calculated results are compared with experimental ones for Pd-Fe, Pd-Co and Pt-Fe alloys and a satisfactory agreement for the concentration dependence in Pd-Fe and Pd-Co alloys is obtained, although the experimental data are very few.
Poly(vinyl chloride‐<i>g</i>‐butyl rubber) (1976)

Abstract The synthesis of poly(vinyl chloride‐ g ‐butyl rubber) and some of its physical properties are described. The key to the synthesis involves copolymerization initiation of an isobutylene–isoprene charge by a PVC/Et 2 AlCl initiator system with 1,2‐dichloroethane as solvent. The graft is a thermoplastic; cast films are flexible and optically clear. Proof of grafting is the crosslinking with S 2 Cl 2 of the pentane‐extracted product in THF solution. Crosslinking the butyl rubber moiety in the graft reduces overall stress properties.
Synthesis of Poly(ε-caprolactone) with a Stable Nitroxyl Radical as an End-Functional Group and Its Application to a Counter Radical for Living Radical Polymerization (1998)

The quantitative synthesis of poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) at one chain end was attained through the anionic polymerization of CL by an aluminum tri(4-oxy-TEMPO), which was prepared by the reaction of triethylaluminum and 4-hydroxy-TEMPO. The TEMPO-supported PCL behaved as a polymeric counter radical for the radical polymerization of styrene, giving poly(CL-block-styrene) in quantitative efficiency. The radical polymerization was found to proceed in accordance with a living mechanism, because the conversion of styrene linearly increased over time, and the molecular weight was directly proportional to the reciprocal of the initial concentration of the PCL. The resulting copolymers had two glass transition temperatures due to the PCL block and polystyrene and one melting endotherm based on the crystalline phases of PCL. The TEM picture of the film obtained from the block copolymer demonstrated microphase segregation.
On satisfying timing constraints in hard-real-time systems (1991)

We explain why pre-run-time scheduling is essential if we wish to guarantee that timing constraints will be satisfied in a large complex hard-real-time system. We examine some of the major concerns in pre-run-time scheduling and consider what formulations of mathematical scheduling problems can be used to address those concerns. A purpose of this paper is to provide a guide to the available algorithms.
A Survey of Preprocessing and Feature Extraction Techniques for Radiographic Images (1971)

Feature extraction is one of the more difficult steps in image pattern recognition. Some sources of difficulty are the presence of irrelevant information and the relativity of a feature set to a particular application. Several preprocessing techniques for enhancing selected features and removing irrelevant data are described and compared. The techniques include gray level distribution linearization, digital spatial filtering, contrast enhancement, and image subtraction. Also, several feature extraction techniques are illustrated. The techniques are divided into spatial and Fourier domain operations. The spatial domain operations of directional signatures and contour tracing are first described. Then, the Fourier domain techniques of frequency signatures and template matching are illustrated. Finally, a practical image pattern recognition problem is solved using some of the described techniques.
Properties of Gels Induced by Heat, Protease, Calcium Salt, and Acidulant from Calcium Ion-Aggregated Whey Protein Isolate (1998)

Gelation that was induced by heat, protease, calcium salt, or acidulant from a solution of Ca 2+aggregated whey protein was investigated by analyses of the rheological, textural, and microstructural properties of the gel. The addition of 40 mM CaCl 2 to 18% whey protein solution resulted in aggregation during 4 h of incubation at 45C. The occurrence of aggregation was determined as increases in turbidity and in mean aggregate size. Hydrolysis by a protease from Bacillus licheniformis (1% enzyme to protein, wt/wt), a decline in pH by glucono-d-lactone (1.5%, wt/vol), an increase in ionic strength with CaCl 2 (60 mM) , or heat treatment (80C for 30 min) all led to gelation of the aggregated whey protein solutions within 40 min. The gels formed differed widely in texture and rheological properties. The heat-induced gel was over 20 times stronger than the gels that were induced by protease from Bacillus licheniformis, glucono-d-lactone, and CaCl 2 . The heatinduced gel also showed significantly highest adhesiveness. The gels induced by CaCl 2 and glucono-dlactone had significantly higher cohesiveness than the gels induced by heat or enzyme.
Chronic Hemolytic Anemia Associated with Erythrocyte Enolase Deficiency Exacerbated by Ingestion of Nitrofurantoin (1972)

Stefanini, Mario: Chronic hemolytic anemia associated with erythrocyte enolase deficiency exacerbated by ingestion of nitrofurantoin. Am. J. Clin. Pathol. 58: 408–414, 1972. A 41-year-old woman developed acute, overt hemolytic anemia on the third day of administration of nitrofurantoin for treatment of chronic pyelitis. Regression of the acute hemolytic process followed discontinuation of the drug, administration of prednisone, and transfusion of six units of blood. Hemoglobinuria, hemoglobinemia, schistocytosis, spherocytosis, and increased osmotic and mechanical fragility of erythrocytes were observed when hemolysis was most severe. Hemolysis was caused by the addition of nitrofurantoin to the patient’s erythrocytes in vitro; antibodies reacting with, or coating, the patient’s erythrocytes were not detectable whether or not nitrofurantoin was present. After clinical recovery, a chronic hemolytic state was detected in the patient and her sister; studies with homogenates of their erythrocytes showed deficiency of the enzyme enolase. This is the first instance of chronic hemolytic anemia related to familial deficiency of erythrocyte enolase, exacerbated, in our patient, by the ingestion of a drug.
Synthesis of porphyrin-based two-dimensional metal–organic framework nanodisk with small size and few layers (2018)

A novel porphyrin-based two-dimensional metal–organic framework (MOF) nanodisk with small size and few layers was prepared by coordination chelation between <italic>meso</italic>-tetra(4-carboxyphenyl)porphine ligand and Zn(<sc>ii</sc>) paddlewheel metal nodes.
Manejo y prevención de la infección retrógrada periimplantaria a partir de extremos radiculares incluidos: presentación de dos casos (2004)

La fractura de extremos radiculares en la region premolar superior no es un hallazgo infrecuente debido a la alta incidencia de dilaceraciones bifidas y radiculares. De este modo, un extremo radicular incluido puede servir como nido infeccioso cuando se coloca un implante dental. El resultado probable es el desarrollo de una lesion periapical alrededor de un implante, de rapido desarrollo, ocasionado por un extremo radicular incluido que no se detecto. En un principio, los antibioticos sistemicos fracasaron en el control de la infeccion. Se retiro mediante cirugia un fragmento radicular incluido, junto con el implante, y se introdujo un nuevo implante de cuerpo ancho con AHDL mezclado con tetraciclina. Tras un seguimiento de 5 meses, se puso de manifiesto un aumento de la densidad radiografica, y la reapertura clinica revelo la formacion de hueso de consistencia dura. El segundo caso expone el manejo de un extremo radicular incluido mediante una tecnica de regeneracion osea guiada al ser detectada de forma previa o durante la colocacion del implante. Por ultimo, se propone un abordaje terapeutico sistematico en funcion de la descripcion de 17 casos sobre manejo de lesiones periapicales alrededor de implantes.