gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cancer-derived mutations in the regulatory subunit p85α of phosphoinositide 3-kinase function through the catalytic subunit p110α (2010)

Cancer-specific mutations in the iSH2 (inter-SH2) and nSH2 (N-terminal SH2) domains of p85alpha, the regulatory subunit of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), show gain of function. They induce oncogenic cellular transformation, stimulate cellular proliferation, and enhance PI3K signaling. Quantitative determinations of oncogenic activity reveal large differences between individual mutants of p85alpha. The mutant proteins are still able to bind to the catalytic subunits p110alpha and p110beta. Studies with isoform-specific inhibitors of p110 suggest that expression of p85 mutants in fibroblasts leads exclusively to an activation of p110alpha, and p110alpha is the sole mediator of p85 mutant-induced oncogenic transformation. The characteristics of the p85 mutants are in agreement with the hypothesis that the mutations weaken an inhibitory interaction between p85alpha and p110alpha while preserving the stabilizing interaction between p85alpha iSH2 and the adapter-binding domain of p110alpha.
Low Temperature Deposition and Crystallization of Large-Grained Ge Films on TiN (2006)

Germanium films were deposited by low-pressure chemical vapor deposition on TiN substrates using a Si seeding technique. By depositing a self-limiting Si film on TiN via decomposition at , a continuous, amorphous Ge film could subsequently be deposited by decomposition at . Amorphous Ge films were crystallized by thermal annealing at for . Polycrystalline Ge films on TiN are shown to have larger grains and fewer stacking faults when deposited amorphous and subsequently crystallized, compared to films polycrystalline as-deposited.
Multi-gigahertz repetition rate passively modelocked fiber lasers using carbon nanotubes (2011)

There is an increasing demand for all-fiber passively mode-locked lasers with pulse repetition rates in the order of gigahertz for their potential applications in fields such as telecommunications and metrology. However, conventional mode-locked fiber lasers typically operate at fundamental repetition rates of only a few megahertz. In this paper, we report all-fiber laser operation with fundamental repetition rates of 4.24 GHz, 9.63 GHz and 19.45 GHz. This is, to date and to the best of our knowledge, the highest fundamental repetition rate reported for an all-fiber laser. The laser operation is based on the passive modelocking of a miniature all-fiber Fabry-Pérot laser (FFPL) by a carbon nanotube (CNT) saturable absorber. The key components for such device are a very high-gain Er:Yb phosphosilicate fiber and a fiber compatible saturable absorber with very small foot print and very low losses. The laser output of the three lasers was close to transform-limited with a pulsewidth of approximately 1 ps and low noise. As a demonstration of potential future applications for this laser, we also demonstrated supercontinuum generation with a longitudinal mode-spacing of 0.08 nm by launching the laser operating at 9.63 GHz into 30 m of a highly nonlinear dispersion shifted fiber.
High resolution EL2 and resistivity topography of SI GaAs wafers (1998)

The mesoscopic inhomogeneity of LEC grown semi-insulating (SI) GaAs wafers has been investigated with EL2/spl deg/ absorption topography (EAT), photoluminescence topography (PLT), point contact topography (PCT) and contactless resistivity mapping (COREMA). Significant progress with respect to sensitivity of EAT and lateral resolution of COREMA has been achieved. High resolution topograms of wafers cut from ingots subject to standard and modified annealing procedures are presented. Direct comparison of EL2/spl deg/ and resistivity topograms reveals significant differences in the mesoscopic contrast and a contrast reversal for modified annealing. These observations can be explained very satisfactorily by assuming mesoscopic inhomogeneity of the intrinsic acceptor concentration which is modified during annealing. A model involving generation of Ga vacancies by dissolution of As/sub Ga/ antisites and gettering of the interstitial As at precipitates is presented and discussed.
Expression of the gangliosides GM3, GD3 and GD2 in tissue sections of normal skin, naevi, primary and metastatic melanoma (1988)

Expression of the gangliosides GM3, GD3 and GD2 was studied in tissue sections from 19 naevi, 29 primary and 83 metastatic melanoma using the ABC immunoperoxidase technique. GM3 was not detected in normal skin whereas GD2 was detected on the basal and stratum spinosum of the epidermis and on peripheral nerves in the dermis. GD3 was expressed on melanocytes but not on most other components of normal skin. However, GD3 was strongly expressed on epidermis adjacent to naevi and primary melanoma whereas GD2, in contrast to that in normal skin, was not expressed on the epidermis adjacent to 26/29 primary melanoma. All naevi were positive for GM3 and GD3 except that GM3 was not detected on junctional components of naevi. GD2 was not expressed on naevi except in areas showing neuroid differentiation. Studies on melanoma revealed that approximately 60% of primary and 75% of metastatic melanoma expressed GM3 to a varying extent. With 2 exceptions, all primary and metastatic melanomas expressed GD3 although there was variable expression within most of the individual tumours. GD2 was detected in only approximately 25% of primary and 50% of metastatic melanomas. Both GD2 and GD3 were detected on lymphocytes surrounding melanoma. The higher expression of GD2 on metastases compared to primary melanomas was consistent with the view that GD2 expression was associated with increased metastatic potential. However, the low proportion of metastases expressing GD2 and the absence of any correlation with thickness of the primary tumour suggested that GD2 expression was not a reliable marker of metastatic potential. No differences could be detected in ganglioside expression on metastases in skin or lymph nodes. These results appear to have implications for the use of MAbs against gangliosides in therapy of melanoma and in the study of melanocytic differentiation.
Monoclonal antibody directed to a fibrinogen A?? #529???539 epitope inhibits ??-chain crosslinking by transglutaminases (1996)

A monoclonal antibody (5A2) recognizing a segment near the C-terminus of the fibrin(ogen) A alpha-chain (A alpha #529-539) was found to inhibit alpha-chain crosslinking catalyzed by coagulation factor XIIIa and by tissue-transglutaminase. The rapid gamma-chain cross-linking by factor XIIIa was not affected by the antibody. Results obtained from direct binding and competitive immunoassay established that the antigenic determinant recognized by 5A2 was included within the CNBr fragment referred to as CNBr X (A alpha #518-584), and that it survived trypsin digestion but was destroyed by treatment with Staph V-8 protease or chymotrypsin. Reverse-phase (C-18) high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed to obtain a CNBr X tryptic fingerprint, which was subsequently characterized by compositional and NH2-terminal analysis. Assay of the HPLC column effluent revealed a single peak of 5A2 immunoreactivity that coincided with elution of the eleven-residue tryptic peptide, A alpha #529-539. When this isolated peptide and its parent CNBr fragment were employed as solution phase competitors in the 5A2 immunoassay, the relative cross-reactivities (18.3%, peptide: fragment) indicated that a significant proportion of the 5A2 epitope was preserved within the small peptide. This is a region that is released from fibrinogen early in its degradation by plasmin. Thus, the antibody can be used as a probe for intact fibrin(ogen) and C-terminal (A) alpha-chain fragments, in addition to assessing roles of the A alpha-chain C-terminus in cross-linking.
Comparison of the canine and human acid β-galactosidase gene (1996)

Several canine cDNA libraries were screened with human beta-galactosidase cDNA as probe. Seven positive clones were isolated and sequenced yielding a partial (2060 bp) canine beta-galactosidase cDNA with 86% identity to the human beta-galactosidase cDNA. Preliminary analysis of a canine genomic library indicated conservation of exon number and size. Analysis by Northern blotting disclosed a single mRNA of 2.4 kb in fibroblasts and liver from normal dogs and dogs affected with GM1 gangliosidosis. Although incomplete, these results indicate canine GM1 gangliosidosis is a suitable animal model of the human disease and should further efforts to devise a gene therapy strategy for its treatment.
A world wide supermarket scheme using rights trading system (2002)

This paper presents a new electronic commerce scheme that provides consumers with a one stop check-out service for the purchase of a set of items from multiple autonomous shops. In this scheme, a consumer collects a transaction ticket, a specific form of digital-right, from each shop for each purchase representing the right to said purchase, and transfers the collected tickets to a check-out agent when the customer finally decides to complete all purchases selected. This approach allows for the autonomy of inventory/reservation databases in each shop without requiring them to provide transaction control interfaces, e.g., prepare, commit, and rollback, which are traditionally required to avoid the situation in which an item put into a shopping cart does not exist at the check-out phase. It also enables the redemption of digital coupons or gift certificates together with transaction tickets at the same time in a uniform manner.
A Two-Dimensional X-Ray Detector with a Slow-Scan Charge-Coupled Device Readout (1986)

A prototype two-dimensional x-ray detector featuring an 80 mm photocathode and the use of a charge-coupled device array as the data integration and readout element was evaluated. By comparison to previously described detectors using SIT vidicons as readout devices, this detector showed low noise, improved uniformity of response and reduced size, complexity and cost. Improvements are suggested which would make such a detector highly suitable for x-ray diffraction work.
Direct Digital Control of Building Systems: Theory and Practice (1994)

From the Publisher:
Computer-based monitoring and control systems offer numerous application possibilities that can lead to substantial energy savings, reduced maintenance costs, enhanced performance, and greater human comfort. Direct Digital Control of Building Systems, written by the developer and manager of Cornell University's massive digital control system, provides thorough coverage of the design methodology needed to create complete and efficient HVAC control systems and to upgrade existing analog technology for such enclosed spaces as buildings, transportation systems, and other controlled environments. It emphasizes throughout the high performance, reliability, and reduced cost of modern digital sensors, control devices, microprocessors, computer memory, and other electronic components. Direct Digital Control of Building Systems goes on to provide an extensive case study of effective DDC system design... step-by-step insight into how to specify, install, commission, operate, and maintain a DDC system... and a concise evaluation of DDC's future. Also included are numerous references to various standards and documents that form much of the foundation of DDC technology, and a listing of available DDC hardware and software suppliers. The many advantages of digital controls in HVAC systems have been amply documented in recent years. Now there's a comprehensive volume that provides today's mechanical engineers with the practical tools needed to effectively realize such systems - Newman's Direct Digital Control of Building Systems.
Surface‐induced changes in the structure and activity of enzymes physically immobilized at solid/liquid interfaces (1998)

A proteolytic enzyme, alpha-chymotrypsin, and a lipolytic enzyme, cutinase, were adsorbed from aqueous solutions on solid surfaces with different hydrophobicities and morphologies. With both enzymes the affinity of adsorption is larger for the more hydrophobic surface. Water-soluble, flexible oligomers grafted on the sorbent surface cause a decrease in enzyme adsorption. CD spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicate severe structural perturbations in the enzymes resulting from adsorption. The CD spectra reflect an average of the structure of the whole protein population. The DSC data allow additional conclusions to be drawn on the heterogeneity in the conformational states of the adsorbed enzymes. The degree of structural perturbation, that is the fraction of the adsorbed molecules of which the structure is perturbed, is lower at a surface that (1) is less hydrophobic, (2) contains water-soluble flexible oligomers and (3) is more covered by the protein. The specific activities of the enzymes are decreased on adsorption, more or less following the extent of structural perturbation. Unlike in solution, in the adsorbed state the heat-induced inactivation process is not identical with the heat-induced unfolding process. Furthermore, when the enzymes are adsorbed their specific activities are much less sensitive to temperature variation.
Combination therapy with 5-fluorouracil and L-canavanine (1995)

L-Canavanine (CAV) is a potent L-arginine antagonist, produced by legumes such as the jack bean, Canavalia ensiformis. CAV is cytotoxic to MIA PaCa-2 human pancreatic cancer cells. We sought to determine whether CAV's efficacy as an anticancer agent might be increased in combination with 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), a pyrimidine antimetabolite with activity against solid tumors. Using optimal conditions for the expression of CAV's cytotoxicity against MIA PaCa-2 cells, CAV was more cytotoxic to the cells than 5-FU. The combination of both drugs at a fixed molar ratio of 1:1 exhibited synergistic effects in the cells as determined by combination index analysis. The combination of 5-FU:CAV was tested at a ratio of 5:1 and exhibited antagonism at lower effect levels, additivity at 50% effect levels and slight synergism at higher effect levels. A 10:1 combination of both drugs (5-FU:CAV) exhibited antagonistic effects at all levels. When the drugs were combined at a molar ratio of 20:1, increased antagonism was observed. When CAV (1.0 or 2.0 g/kg daily) and/or 5-FU (35 mg/kg daily) was administered to colonic tumor-bearing rats for five consecutive days, the antitumor activity of the drug combination was significantly greater than the combined effects of either drug alone. However, the body weight loss experienced by CAV-treated rats was increased in those rats exposed to a combination of both drugs. These studies using different tumors provide in vitro and in vivo evidence that combination therapy offers a viable means of improving CAV's intrinsic efficacy while decreasing the concentration of 5-FU required to produce the same cytotoxic effect.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Pals1 Is a Major Regulator of the Epithelial-Like Polarization and the Extension of the Myelin Sheath in Peripheral Nerves (2010)

Diameter, organization, and length of the myelin sheath are important determinants of the nerve conduction velocity, but the basic molecular mechanisms that control these parameters are only partially understood. Cell polarization is an essential feature of differentiated cells, and relies on a set of evolutionarily conserved cell polarity proteins. We investigated the molecular nature of myelin sheath polarization in connection with the functional role of the cell polarity protein pals1 (Protein Associated with Lin Seven 1) during peripheral nerve myelin sheath extension. We found that, in regard to epithelial polarity, the Schwann cell outer abaxonal domain represents a basolateral-like domain, while the inner adaxonal domain and Schmidt-Lanterman incisures form an apical-like domain. Silencing of pals1 in myelinating Schwann cells in vivo resulted in a severe reduction of myelin sheath thickness and length. Except for some infoldings, the structure of compact myelin was not fundamentally affected, but cells produced less myelin turns. In addition, pals1 is required for the normal polarized localization of the vesicular markers sec8 and syntaxin4, and for the distribution of E-cadherin and myelin proteins PMP22 and MAG at the plasma membrane. Our data show that the polarity protein pals1 plays an essential role in the radial and longitudinal extension of the myelin sheath, likely involving a functional role in membrane protein trafficking. We conclude that regulation of epithelial-like polarization is a critical determinant of myelin sheath structure and function.
Avalanche proton-boron fusion based on elastic nuclear collisions (2016)

Recent experiments done at Prague with the 600 J/0.2 ns PALS laser interacting with a layer of boron dopants in a hydrogen enriched target have produced around 109 alphas. We suggest that these unexpected very high fusion reactions of proton with 11B indicate an avalanche multiplication for the measured anomalously high nuclear reaction yields. This can be explained by elastic nuclear collisions in the broad 600 keV energy band, which is coincident with the high nuclear p-11B fusion cross section, by the way of multiplication through generation of three secondary alpha particles from a single primarily produced alpha particle.
Location of breakpoints within the major breakpoint cluster region (<i>bcr</i>) in 33 patients with <i>bcr</i> rearrangement‐positive chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with complex or absent Philadelphia chromosomes (1989)

We report the sublocalization of the breakpoint in chromosome 22 in 33 patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) who also had unusual marrow cytogenetics. In 23 patients, the leukemic clones were characterized by Philadelphia (Ph1) chromosomes that arose through complex translocations that involved three or more chromosomes. In the remaining ten patients, there were no detectable Ph1 chromosomes despite molecular evidence for the presence of rearrangements in the major breakpoint cluster region (bcr) of chromosome 22 in all cases. There was no significant difference between the two groups with respect to location of the breakpoints within the bcr. When these two groups of patients were combined, there was a significant excess of breakpoints in one segment of the bcr when compared to the distribution of breakpoints seen in 119 patients with simple 9;22 translocations. The difference in breakpoint distributions did not appear to be entirely attributable to differences between groups in disease duration at the time of study. These data support the notion that the unusual genetic recombinations that give rise to BCR/ABL fusion genes in CML involve specific DNA sequences of BCR (and possibly ABL) and additional, recombinogenic sequences, at least some of which are present in loci known to be nonrandomly involved in complex Ph1 translocations.
Alterations in intestinal microbial flora and human disease (2008)

We focus on the example of an abnormal expansion of gut microbial flora into the small bowel or small intestinal bacterial overgrowth and discuss the effects of bacterial overgrowth on the human host in acute pancreatitis, bacterial gastroenteritis, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, hepatic encephalopathy, and fibromyalgia and burn injury. The identification of the underlying role of altered commensal gut microbiota in these and other human diseases could lead to novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies that would improve clinical outcome.
Calculation of Doppler spectral power density functions (1992)

A volume integral method for the calculation of Doppler ultrasound spectral power density (spd) functions is described. Axisymmetric flow in a circular tube with a power law velocity profile is assumed. The spd function is regarded as a probability density function for scatterer velocity, and the assumptions under which this is justified are considered. It is shown that the spd function is independent of Doppler angle except in the presence of wall reflection effects. A coordinate system centered on the beam is used and this enables the integrals to be easily formulated for arbitrary beams. Irregularly shaped and nonuniform beams can be treated. For the common flow and beam patterns, which exhibit symmetry, the volume integrals can often be reduced to a single integral and evaluated directly. The method is applied and the spectra are calculated for various different cases. Results are obtained for uniform rectangular and circular insonating beams, and for nonuniform beams with Gaussian, jinc, and sinc profiles. The effects of narrow beams and wall reflection are shown. The method may be readily applied to other beam and flow patterns, and extension to more complicated situations is also discussed.
Theory of silicon superlattices: Electronic structure and enhanced mobility (1983)

A realistic tight-binding band-structure model of silicon superlattices is formulated and used to study systems of potential applied interest, including periodic layered Si-Si1−xGex heterostructures. The results suggest a possible new mechanism for achieving enhanced transverse carrier mobility in such structures: reduced transverse conductivity effective masses associated with the superlattice band structure. For electrons in [100]-oriented superlattices, a reduced conductivity mass arises intrinsically from the lower symmetry of the superlattice and its unique effect on the indirect bulk silicon band gap. An order of magnitude estimate of the range of mobility enhancement expected from ths mechanism appears to be consistent with preliminary experimental results on Si-Si1−xGex superlattices.
Radiation‐induced skin ulcer and rib fractures following percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI): A case of right back skin ulcer and adjacent rib fractures after single PCI (2015)

We experienced a 75-year-old male patient with a refractory and severely painful skin ulcer on the right back. He had suffered from ischemic heart disease and undergone percutaneous coronary intervention 5 months prior to the consultation with us. The characteristic clinical appearance, location of the lesion and his past medical history led us to the diagnosis of radiation-induced skin ulcer. Magnetic resonance imaging, computed tomography as well as bone scintigraphy showed fractures of the right back rib adjacent to the ulcer, which was thought to be attributable to bone damage due to X-ray radiation and/or persistent secondary inflammation of the chronic ulcer. In the published work, there are no other reports of bone fractures associated with radiation dermatitis after coronary interventional radiology.
Study of Network Monitoring Theory in Switched Ethernet and its Countermeasures (2011)

Network monitoring technique is an important and sensitive technique in the field of network safety. hackers usually make use of TCP/IP protocol's flows to spoof their target . With the combination of Network Monitoring, hacker can intercept and tamper his target's communication data, which is a significant threat to today's network security. This paper gives an analysis on the Network Monitoring Theory in Switched Ethernet and puts forward several Countermeasures.
Reexamination of the Extent of the Activation of Lys<sub>78</sub> Plasminogen by Tissue Plasminogen Activator in the Presence of Polymerized Fibrin (1996)

The rate of the conversion of Lys78 plasminogen (Lys78-plg) to Lys78 plasmin by tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) was directly quantitated by SDS-PAGE. The apparent second-order rate constant (Kapp) was (0.27 +/- 0.07) x 10(3)/M/s for single-chain tPA and Lys78-plg, and was enhanced approximately 5-fold by fibrinogen and 17-fold by polymerized fibrin. Kapp was (1.57 +/- 0.46) x 10(3)/M/s for two-chain tPA and Lys78-plg, and was enhanced approximately 2.6-fold by fibrinogen and 3.6-fold by fibrin. The factor of the enhancement by polymerized fibrin was far less than in previous reports in which chromogenic substrate was commonly employed.