gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inferring Networks of Diffusion and Influence (2010)

Information diffusion and virus propagation are fundamental processes taking place in networks. While it is often possible to directly observe when nodes become infected with a virus or adopt the information, observing individual transmissions (i.e., who infects whom, or who influences whom) is typically very difficult. Furthermore, in many applications, the underlying network over which the diffusions and propagations spread is actually unobserved. We tackle these challenges by developing a method for tracing paths of diffusion and influence through networks and inferring the networks over which contagions propagate. Given the times when nodes adopt pieces of information or become infected, we identify the optimal network that best explains the observed infection times. Since the optimization problem is NP-hard to solve exactly, we develop an efficient approximation algorithm that scales to large datasets and finds provably near-optimal networks. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by tracing information diffusion in a set of 170 million blogs and news articles over a one year period to infer how information flows through the online media space. We find that the diffusion network of news for the top 1,000 media sites and blogs tends to have a core-periphery structure with a small set of core media sites that diffuse information to the rest of the Web. These sites tend to have stable circles of influence with more general news media sites acting as connectors between them.
Inhibition of the Endothelial Isoform of Nitric Oxide Synthase Impairs Long-Term Memory Formation in the Chick (1999)

Previous studies with general inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase have yielded variable and contradictory results with respect to their effects on memory. This may have been due to differential effects of blocking the various isoforms of this enzyme. We show that day-old chicks trained on a single-trial passive-avoidance task suffered significant memory loss from approximately 40 min post-training following post-training intracranial administration of a potent inhibitor of eNOS. Administration of a specific nNOS or iNOS inhibitor at the same time had no effect on retention, although a role for either of these isoforms when administered at a different time after learning has yet to be fully investigated. The onset of memory loss following eNOS inhibition is the same as observed following general NOS inhibition, which suggests that amnestic effects observed in previous studies using nonspecific inhibitors may be attributable to blocking the function of eNOS. The findings indicate that eNOS may play a role in memory formation for this task, which is at least distinct from any role that may be played by nNOS.
Inkjet printed and folded LTE antenna for vehicular application (2016)

A multi-band antenna suitable for Long-term Evolution (LTE) is inkjet-printed, and then folded around a cylindrical form. The plastic cylinder is also printed using additive manufacturing techniques, as a separate process. The antenna is based on a planar wideband monopole radiator concept with an additional resonator for the LTE700 frequency band. The aim is to study the potential of low-cost additive manufacturing (AM) techniques for the development of vehicular antennas. Two antennas have been fabricated, one on paper substrate, and a second on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The one on paper is tested as a planar monopole antenna on a large ground plane. The one printed on PET is shaped onto the cylindrical form. The main aim is to investigate the use of low-cost inkjet printing techniques for the fabrication of disposable vehicular antennas that can be upgraded regularly. The antennas successfully operate at all LTE and mobile frequency bands. Finite different time domain simulations compare well with measurements.
The Product of the <i>H19</i> Gene May Function as an RNA (1990)

The mouse H19 gene was identified as an abundant hepatic fetal-specific mRNA under the transcriptional control of a trans-acting locus termed raf. The protein this gene encoded was not apparent from an analysis of its nucleotide sequence, since the mRNA contained multiple translation termination signals in all three reading frames. As a means of assessing which of the 35 small open reading frames might be important to the function of the gene, the human H19 gene was cloned and sequenced. Comparison of the two homologs revealed no conserved open reading frame. Cellular fractionation showed that H19 RNA is cytoplasmic but not associated with the translational machinery. Instead, it is located in a particle with a sedimentation coefficient of approximately 28S. Despite the fact that it is transcribed by RNA polymerase II and is spliced and polyadenylated, we suggest that the H19 RNA is not a classical mRNA. Instead, the product of this unusual gene may be an RNA molecule.
Proteomic patterns for cancer diagnosis—promise and challenges (2006)

Proteomic patterns have been discovered for a variety of cancers and cancer related diseases. The platforms used have been both mass spectrometry and microarrays and the incorporation of computer informatics has resulted in innovative possibilities for novel diagnostics.
Efficient Syntheses of the Four Enantiomers and Diastereomers of .alpha.-Methylthreonine and Both Enantiomers of .alpha.-Methylserine (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEfficient Syntheses of the Four Enantiomers and Diastereomers of .alpha.-Methylthreonine and Both Enantiomers of .alpha.-MethylserineSung-Hwan Moon and Yasufumi OhfuneCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 16, 7405–7406Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00095a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00095a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views445Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The evolution of human anti-double-stranded DNA autoantibodies (2005)

It has been proposed that the anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) response in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is antigen driven and that DNA or nucleosomes select anti-DNA reactive, somatically mutated B cells. We have used site-directed mutagenesis to systematically revert the somatic mutations of two human anti-dsDNA antibodies from SLE patients to analyze the resulting changes in DNA binding as well as binding to other autoantigens. Our data demonstrate that high-affinity binding to dsDNA and nucleosomes is acquired by somatic replacement mutations in a stepwise manner. Reactivity to surface structures of apoptotic cells is acquired by the same somatic mutations that generate high-affinity dsDNA binding. Importantly, revertant antibodies with germ-line V regions did not show any measurable DNA reactivity. We propose that anti-DNA autoantibodies are generated from nonautoreactive B cells during a normal immune response. B cells may acquire autoreactivity de novo during the process of somatic hypermutation. Nucleosomes, if available in lupus patients because of defects in clearing of apoptotic debris, might subsequently positively select high affinity anti-DNA B cells.
Color in Opisthobranchs (1987)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
<title>Integrated applications of inspection data in the semiconductor manufacturing environment</title> (2001)

As integrated circuit fabrication processes continue to increase in complexity, it has been determined that data collection, retention, and retrieval rates will continue to increase at an alarming rate. At future technology nodes, the time required to source manufacturing problems must at least remain constant to maintain anticipated productivity as suggested in the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors. Strategies and software methods for integrated yield management have been identified as critical for maintaining this productivity. Integrated yield management must use circuit design, visible defect, parametric, and functional test data to recognize process trends and excursions so that yield-detracting mechanisms can be rapidly identified and corrected. This will require the intelligent merging of the various data sources that are collected and maintained throughout the fabrication environment.
Human and murine antibodies cross-reactive with streptococcal M protein and myosin recognize the sequence GLN-LYS-SER-LYS-GLN in M protein. (1989)

Molecular mimicry or epitope similarity between group A streptococcal M proteins and myosin may contribute to the presence of heart reactive antibodies in acute rheumatic fever. In our study overlapping synthetic peptides copying the entire sequence of PepM5 protein were used to map the myosin cross-reactive epitopes of streptococcal M protein recognized by mouse and human mAb and affinity purified myosin-specific antibodies from acute rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease sera. Overlapping M protein peptides SM5(164-197)C and SM5(184-197)C inhibited the murine mAb reactions with PepM5 protein. The human mAb and affinity purified myosin-specific antibodies reacted exclusively with SM5(184-197)C. However, one of the five different purified myosin-specific antibodies not only reacted with SM5(184-197)C but also reacted with SM5(84-116)C. The synthetic subpeptides SM5(175-184)C and SM5(188-197C) did not react with any of the antibodies to PepM5 and myosin demonstrating a requirement of the 184-188 amino acid sequence for antibody recognition. A heptapeptide containing the sequence SM5(183-189) was also found to inhibit selected human myosin-specific antibodies and a human antimyosin mAb. Therefore, the majority of mouse and human myosin crossreactive antibodies recognized an epitope within the 14 residue carboxy terminus of PepM5 which appeared to involve the GLN-LYS-SER-LYS-GLN sequence.
Virulence Factors in Shiga-like Toxin-Producing Escherichia coliIsolated from Humans and Cattle (1992)

was probably not due to a blocking by maternal antibodies but rather to the relatively low immunogenicity ofDiT. Only 2 children had > I ~g/ml anti-DiT as newborns and another 2 had 0.5-1.0 ~g/ml, all values below the concentration of 2.5 ~g/ml anti-TT observed to block the primary response at 3 months.
A NEWLY DETERMINED SPECIES OF ELAPHOMYCES FROM OREGON (1971)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
[Effect of glutamine depletion on immunity and other organ function in critically ill patients]. (2006)

In critically ill surgical patients glutamine depletion is evident, and the reduction in plasma Gln is related to immunosuppression and organ dysfunction.
New mechanisms for the biosynthesis and metabolism of 2‐keto‐<scp>L</scp>‐gulonic acid in bacteria (1975)

L-Sorbose is oxidized to 2-keto-L-gulonic acid (KGA) via the following sequence of reactions which we call the "sorbosone pathway": L-sorbose in equilibrium L-sorbosone leads to KGA. The first step is reversible and is mediated by enzymes found in a soluble fraction obtained from Pseudomonas putida ATCC 21812. Although no cofactor requirements were found for the forward reaction, the reverse reaction clearly required NADH. Enzymes for this NADH-dependent synthesis of L-sorbose could be differentiated on the basis of molecular weights. The second step in the sorbosone pathway is catalyzed by a particulate enzyme found in extracts from P. putida and Gluconobacter melanogenus IFO 3293. The rate limiting reaction in the sorbosone pathway is the synthesis of L-sorbosone. In addition to P. putida, Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 27858) and Serratia marcescens (ATCC 27857) also contain the enzymes which catalyze the reactions of the sorbosone pathway. Two of the bacteria studied, P. putida and G. melanogenus, also contain an enzyme involved in the further metabolism of KGA to L-idonic acid. This enzyme, referred to as KGA-reductase, is found in the soluble fraction of cell-free extracts and is dependent on NADH or NADPH.
Glass fibers for optical communications (1973)

Glass optical waveguides with attenuations below 20 dB/km have made possible a new approach to optical communications. These glass fibers satisfy requirements for transmission over kilometer lengths with experimental systems utilizing existing devices for sources and detectors. The realization of material and fabrication advances necessary for this accomplishment are the topic of this paper. Basic theoretical principles are introduced in a review fashion. The application of these principles in choice of materials and fabrication is described. Results in fiber performance following this framework are given in a section on evaluation, which includes information capacity, attenuation, and some environmental requirements. Preliminary experiments in bundling and cabling are discussed, followed by concluding remarks.
Theory of resonant tunneling in an epitaxial<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Fe</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi>MgO</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi>Au</mml:mi><mml:mo>∕</mml:mo><mml:mi>Fe</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mn>001</mml:mn><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:mrow></mml:math>junction (2005)

Calculation of the magnetoresistance of an epitaxial $\mathrm{Fe}∕\mathrm{Au}∕\mathrm{MgO}∕\mathrm{Au}∕\mathrm{Fe}(001)$ tunneling junction is reported. The tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) is determined without any approximations from the real-space Kubo formula using tight-binding bands fitted to an ab initio band structure of Fe, Au, and MgO. A very high TMR ratio of $\ensuremath{\approx}1000%$ is predicted for a junction with seven to nine atomic planes of MgO sandwiched between two Au layers, each consisting of eight atomic planes. The insertion of two Au interlayers should prevent oxidation of the Fe electrodes, which is detrimental to TMR in the junction without Au interlayers. It is also found that the TMR oscillates as a function of Au thickness with a period determined by the spanning vector of the Au Fermi surface belly. The underlying physics is explained in terms of a simple parabolic band model of resonant tunneling for a barrier sandwiched between two quantum wells.
Loose synchronization for large-scale networked systems (2006)

Traditionally, synchronization barriers ensure that no cooperating process advances beyond a specified point until all processes have reached that point. In heterogeneous large-scale distributed computing environments, with unreliable network links and machines that may become overloaded and unresponsive, traditional barrier semantics are too strict to be effective for a range of emerging applications. In this paper, we explore several relaxations, and introduce a partial barrier, a synchronization primitive designed to enhance liveness in loosely coupled networked systems. Partial barriers are robust to variable network conditions; rather than attempting to hide the asynchrony inherent to wide-area settings, they enable appropriate application-level responses. We evaluate the improved performance of partial barriers by integrating them into three publicly available distributed applications running across PlanetLab. Further, we show how partial barriers simplify a re-implementation of MapReduce that targets wide-area environments. 1
High Current AC Break Arc Contact Erosion (2008)

Contact break arc erosion fundamentals applicable to high power switching devices in air (e.g. air- magnetic circuit breakers and contactors) are reviewed along with recent results showing dominant factors that affect contact erosion in the range of 3 kA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> to 22 kA <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</sub> . Background covers a review of arc plasma theory pertaining to contact erosion in air at atmospheric pressure including metallic bridge formation, metallic-to-gaseous arc phase transition, plasma sheath formation, anode and cathode erosion, contact area effects, material composition, manufacturing methods, and metal vapor jet formation. One of the significant results from this data was that current density increased and erosion dramatically increased as the arc root area approached the contact surface area dimensions. Transient values for power density, current density, and arc conductivity were also measured using synchronized waveform acquisition with high-speed video to provide useful data in a current range where there is little published data available. High-current molten metal bridge results are also presented from the corresponding erosion test data that illustrate the many different types of bridge formation and voltage waveshapes at contact part. The theory and the experimental data presented will be useful for those who model contact erosion or need to understand the critical factors and the degree to which these factors can affect contact erosion.
Role of Hydroxocobalamin in Acute Cyanide Poisoning (2008)

Cyanide poisoning can rapidly cause death. Having an effective antidote readily available is essential for facilities that provide emergency care. In cases of cyanide ingestion, both the nitrite/thiosulfate combination and hydroxocobalamin are effective antidotes. Hydroxocobalamin offers an improved safety profile for children and pregnant women. Hydroxocobalamin also appears to have a better safety profile in the setting of cyanide poisoning in conjunction with smoke inhalation. However, current data are insufficient to recommend the empiric administration of hydroxocobalamin to all victims of smoke inhalation.
Antisense-fos RNA causes partial reversion of the transformed phenotypes induced by the c-Ha-ras oncogene. (1990)

Several lines of evidence have suggested that c-fos may act downstream from c-Ha-ras in a growth-regulatory signal transduction pathway. We used antisense RNA to inhibit c-fos gene expression and investigated the effects of diminished c-fos expression on the phenotypes induced by the EJ c-Ha-ras oncogene in NIH 3T3 cells. Immunofluorescent staining demonstrated that the antisense RNA caused a marked reduction in the amount of c-fos protein expressed following serum stimulation. EJ cells containing antisense-fos RNA continued to overexpress ras and remained capable of proliferating in vitro. However, the antisense-fos RNA caused a partial reversion of the major transformed phenotypes of EJ cells, including a restoration of both density-dependent growth arrest and the ability to be rendered quiescent by serum deprivation, a reversion to a flat morphology, inhibition of anchorage-independent growth, and inhibition of tumorigenicity in nude mice. Our results indicate that inhibition of c-fos expression, to a level still supporting in vitro proliferation, prevents the transforming effects of the ras oncogene; they thus provide additional evidence for the participation of c-fos in ras-regulated signal transduction pathways.
PRELIMINARY MICROBIOLOGICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF 6-(R-a-AMINO-3-THIENYLACETAMIDO) PENICILLANIC ACID (BL-P 875) (1969)

BL-P 875, a new semisynthetic penicillin, was found to possess broadspectrum antibacterial activity. Its inhibitory potency for both gram-negative and gram-positive organisms was comparable in all respects to that of ampicillin. Despite this, BL-P 875 proved to be significantly more active than ampicillin when administered by the oral route in a number of experimental bacterial infections of the mouse. Median curative doses (CD50) of BL-P 875 in infections produced by Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and 1 of 2 Escherichia coli strains were less than one-half those of ampicillin. On the other hand, comparable doses were required for curing mice challenged with Staphylococcus aureus, Diplococcus pneumoniae, or Salmonella enteritidis. Since no differences in acid stability, bactericidal effect, or serum binding were found for the 2 compounds, the probable explanation for BL-P 875's superior therapeutic activity is its higher degree of oral absorbability. BL-P 875 concentrations in mouse blood after oral administration were significantly higher (about 2-fold) than those of ampicillin at both one-half and 1 hour post-administration. Greater absorbability was also found in rats, where about twice as much BL-P 875 as ampicillin was recovered from urine after administration of a single oral dose. No differences in mouse blood levels or urine recovery values could be demonstrated for the parenterally-administered antibiotics.
Inductance of Nonstraight Conductors Close to Ground Return Plane (Short Papers) (1975)

Measurement and calculation of the inductance of a nonstraight conductor close to ground return plane are considered. An equivalent circuit model solution is given, and the results are compared to measurements for a corner-type geometry. Much larger changes in inductance as a function of frequency have been observed for the corner-type geometry than for the equivalent straight-conductor geometry. The circuit model can be used to predict the inductance for other configurations.
Effects of ceftriaxone on conditioned nicotine reward in rats (2017)

Nicotine is the addictive compound in tobacco products which exerts psychosomatic effects that contribute to abuse and to low rates of abstinence in treatment-seeking smokers. At present, the most successful smoking cessation aide helps one in four individuals quit smoking at 1 year postcessation. New adjunctive therapies are needed to improve status of smoking-related public health crises, and β-lactam antibiotics are one class of potential therapies as they favorably augment extrasynaptic glutamate clearance. Our study used two-chamber place conditioning to assess effects of ceftriaxone (CTX) on persistence of conditioned nicotine reward. Rats were conditioned to associate nicotine (0.4 mg/kg, subcutaneous) with one context and vehicle with an alternative context. After initial post-test, rats received either daily ceftriaxone (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or saline. All rats showed nicotine place preference during post-test 1. CTX-treated rats meeting extinction criterion by post-test 7 showed significantly reduced preference for the nicotine-paired context during post-test 2 compared with vehicle-treated rats. We interpret these data to support the further study of CTX as a smoking cessation aide. Our results suggest that CTX reduces persistence of conditioned nicotine reward and may be helpful for improving abstinence rates in a subset of treatment-seeking smokers.