gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discussion: The Dantzig selector: Statistical estimation when p is much larger than n (2007)

Professors Cands and Tao are to be congratulated for their innovative and valuable contribution to high-dimensional sparse recovery and model selection. The analysis of vast data sets now commonly arising in scientific investigations poses many statistical challenges not present in smaller scale studies. Many of these data sets exhibit sparsity where most of the data corresponds to noise and only a small fraction is of interest. The needs of this research have excited much interest in the statistical community. In particular, high-dimensional model selection has attracted much recent attention and has become a central topic in statistics. The main difficulty of such a problem comes from collinearity between the predictor variables. It is clear from the geometric point of view that the collinearity increases as the dimensionality grows.
The new paint magic (1981)

This guide to paint finishes takes on a new look, reflecting the simplicity of the '90s interior. The dominant mood for paintwork, walls and furniture is gentle and unobstrusive, so simple techniques for creating rubbed, distressed and aged effects feature prominently, together with ideas for fresco-style finishes that emulate the suble textures of Italian painted plaster. Painted furniture is given greater emphasis, with new suggestions for marbling, antiquing and transforming pieces with watercolour paints. All materials and products mentioned have been updated.
Monopoly (2008)

Irving Fisher (1923), once defined monopoly simply as an ‘absence of competition’. From this point of view various attitudes to, or criticisms of, monopoly are connected with the particular vision of competition that each writer has in mind. To the neoclassical economist monopoly is the polar opposite to the now familiar ‘perfect competition’ of the textbooks. Modern writers in the classical tradition, on the other hand, complain that perfect competition neglects the process of competitive activity, overlooks the importance of time to competitive processes and assumes away transaction or information costs.
Enhancement of array gain with stacked parasitic elements (2002)

Microstrip antennas with stacked parasitic elements have been demonstrated to have broad bandwidth and high gain. The broad band characteristics of microstrip antennas with stacked parasitic elements have been studied extensively and are now well understood. Contrarily, enhancing the gain of a microstrip antenna with stacked parasitic elements has been attempted only by a few researchers over the years. An increase in gain of 3 dB has been reported for a stacked concentric ring patch antenna array. In practice, using stacked parasitic elements for gain enhancement is both easy and less costly since no increase in array size is required to provide the additional effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP) for completing the communication link. This paper reports an experimental investigation of gain enhancement of a 2/spl times/2 microstrip array at 29.5 GHz using stacked parasitic antenna elements. The EIRP and radiation patterns as a function of the spacings between the parasitic and driven antenna layers were measured. These results are presented and discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanisms of bioprosthetic heart valve failure: Fatigue causes collagen denaturation and glycosaminoglycan loss (1999)

Bioprosthetic heart valve (BPHV) degeneration, characterized by extracellular matrix deterioration, remodeling, and calcification, is an important clinical problem accounting for thousands of surgeries annually. Here we report for the first time, in a series of in vitro accelerated fatigue studies (5-500 million cycles) with glutaraldehyde fixed porcine aortic valve bioprostheses, that the mechanical function of cardiac valve cusps caused progressive damage to the molecular structure of type I collagen as assessed by Fourier transform IR spectroscopy (FTIR). The cyclic fatigue caused a progressive loss of helicity of the bioprosthetic cuspal collagen, which was evident from FTIR spectral changes in the amide I carbonyl stretching region. Furthermore, cardiac valve fatigue in these studies also led to loss of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) from the cuspal extracellular matrix. The GAG levels in glutaraldehyde crosslinked porcine aortic valve cusps were 65.2 +/- 8.66 microg uronic acid/10 mg of dry weight for control and 7.91 +/- 1.1 microg uronic acid/10 mg of dry weight for 10-300 million cycled cusps. Together, these molecular changes contribute to a significant gradual decrease in cuspal bending strength as documented in a biomechanical bending assay measuring three point deformation. We conclude that fatigue-induced damage to type I collagen and loss of GAGs are major contributing factors to material degeneration in bioprosthetic cardiac valve deterioration.
Fast incremental method for matrix completion: An application to trajectory correction (2011)

We address the problem of incrementally recovering a matrix of tracked image points, based on partial observations of their trajectories. Besides partial observability, we assume the existence of gross, but sparse, noise on the known entries. This problem has obvious applications in real-time tracking and structure from motion, where observations are plagued by self-occlusion and outliers. Recently, work in the optimization community has spun optimal methods for matrix completion when this matrix is known to be low rank by minimizing the nuclear norm, the sum of its singular values. Despite exhibiting several optimality properties, no available algorithms perform this minimization incrementally. In this paper, we build upon the Nuclear Norm Robust PCA method and SPectrally Optimal Completion to propose a fast and incremental algorithm which is able to cope with outliers. We present experiments showing the competitive speed of our method while maintaining performance comparable to the state-of-the-art.
Functional-Group-Directed Diastereoselective Hydrogenation of Aromatic Compounds. 1 (1999)

Diastereoselective liquid phase hydrogenation of a series of monosubstituted indane and tetralin substrates was studied on supported rhodium catalysts. Predominantly the cis−cis diastereomer, obtained by hydrogenation from the diastereoface opposite the substituent (at the stereogenic center), and the cis−trans diastereomer, obtained by hydrogenation from the diastereoface on the same side as the substituent, were formed. The diastereoselectivity between the two isomers was dependent on the steric repulsion or the electronic attraction of the substituent with the surface of the catalyst. The hydroxyl group did not exhibit a strong attraction (haptophilicity), and the cis−cis diastereomer was obtained as the major product. The amino group exhibited a very high haptophilicity, yielding primarily the cis−trans diastereomer. The diastereoselectivity obtained in the hydrogenation of all the substrates was influenced on addition of bases to the reaction mixture. In the case of alcoholic substrates, the selectivity to the cis−trans diastereomer could be substantially increased with alkaline hydroxide additives.
[Significance of the antioxidant factor, thioredoxin, in heart failure]. (2002)

These results indicate a possible association between thioredoxin and the severity of heart failure.
Cardiac and Renal Prostaglandin I2 (1978)

Both the isolated perfused rabbit heart and kidney are capable of synthesizing prostaglandin (PG) I(2). The evidence that supports this finding includes: (a) radiochemical identification of the stable end-product of PGI(2), 6-keto-PGF(1alpha), in the venous effluent after arachidonic acid administration; (b) biological identification of the labile product in the venous effluents which causes relaxation of the bovine coronary artery assay tissue and inhibition of platelet aggregation; and (c) confirmation that arachidonic acid and its endoperoxide PGH(2), but not dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and its endoperoxide PGH(1), serve as the precursor for the coronary vasodilator and the inhibitor of platelet aggregation. The rabbit heart and kidney are both capable of converting exogenous arachidonate into PGI(2) but the normal perfused rabbit kidney apparently primarily converts endogenous arachidonate (e.g., generated by stimulation with bradykinin, angiotensin, ATP, or ischemia) into PGE(2); while the heart converts endogenous arachidonate primarily into PGI(2). Indomethacin inhibition of the cyclo-oxygenase unmasks the continuous basal synthesis of PGI(2) by the heart, and of PGE(2) by the kidney. Cardiac PGI(2) administration causes a sharp transient reduction in coronary perfusion pressure, whereas the intracardiac injection of the PGH(2) causes an increase in coronary resistance without apparent cardiac conversion to PGI(2). The perfused heart rapidly degrades most of the exogenous endoperoxide probably into PGE(2), while exogenous PGI(2) traverses the heart without being metabolized. The coronary vasoconstriction produced by PGH(2) in the normal perfused rabbit heart suggests that the endoperoxide did not reach the PGI(2) synthetase, whereas the more lipid soluble precursor arachidonic acid (exogenous or endogenous) penetrated to the cyclooxygenase, which apparently is tightly coupled to the PGI(2) synthetase.
A cloud-based approach to spectrum monitoring (2015)

Thousands of wireless communication systems have been fielded, with hundreds more under development. The RF spectrum has growing economic value to consumers, businesses, and governments worldwide. This has generated such a demand for wireless bandwidth that spectrum allocation, the existing primary method of spectrum management, is becoming increasingly inadequate. In this paper, we briefly summarize the response to the U.S. National Telecommunications and Information Agency's Notice of Inquiry concerning a Spectrum Monitoring Pilot Program and present a cloud-based system-of-systems for spectrum monitoring based on the response to the Inquiry. We describe the interface to the cloud as an important enabler and propose a solution that allows ontology descriptions to be used for both spectrum management and monitoring. These ontology descriptions support the use of semantic techniques such as queries, responses, and reasoning.
A Novel Controllable BIST Circuit for embedded SRAM (2016)

With increasingly stringent requirements for memory test, the complexity of the test algorithm is increasing. This will make BIST (Build-In-Self-Test) circuit more complex and the area of BIST circuit larger. This paper proposes a novel controllable BIST circuit. The controllable BIST circuit provides a cost-effective solution that supports a variety of March algorithms and SRAM embedded testing operation modes. It controls the test patterns with three additional input ports. And it indicates the algorithm progress, the test result and the number of fails with three output ports. To achieve test patterns generation, analy-sis and test results recording, the proposed BIST circuit contains five internal functional modules, which are Address Gener-ator, Control Generator, Data Generator, Data Comparator and Fail Accumulator. The test patterns of the proposed BIST cir-cuit are controlled by external signals. It is not only suitable for any existing march algorithms but also leaves room for ex-tension if needed.
Moire interferometric focusing system for optical microlithography (1987)

An interferometric apparatus for detecting axial and angular misalignments of the film plane in a photolithographic camera is proposed. The misalignments are observed as moire interference fringes created by the superposition of a reference interferometric fringe pattern representing the focused camera and a perturbed fringe pattern produced when the camera is misfocused. The theory and results of a simple experimental implementation are described.
Chemical and Electrochemical Synthesis of Polyaniline/Gold Composites (2004)

The in situ synthesis of micrometer and nanometer gold particles in polyaniline (PANI/Au composite) using chemical or electrochemical methods, has been compared. The direct chemical synthesis of PANI/Au is initiated via the spontaneous oxidation of aniline by Gold colloid formation and subsequent reaction with PANI is monitored by in situ UV/vis spectroscopy. The emergent polymer nucleates on the gold as the PANI chain length increases, encapsulates the metal, and precipitates as its solubility limit is exceeded. Scanning electron microscopy images of these samples show relatively constant 1 μm diam gold particles. Electrochemical PANI/Au synthesis is initiated by reduction into an a priori electrochemically deposited PANI film. This method also produces a nearly uniform dispersion of Au particles but with significantly smaller 150-300 nm particles. The results indicate that electrochemical methods are more suitable for controlling particle dimensions. A minimal decrease in conductance is observed for the chemically formed PANI/Au when compared to PANI samples without the gold. A significant decrease in conductance is observed for the electrochemically formed composite. The large decrease in conductance is related to the decrease in proton doping and a greater number of oxidized units in the polymer upon electrochemical uptake and reduction of © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
A GPU-Based Approach to Accelerate Computational Protein-DNA Docking (2011)

This article describes a GPU-based high-performance computing method to tackle the protein-DNA docking problem. GPU-specific algorithmic techniques are developed to accelerate a docking algorithm that integrates Monte Carlo simulation and simulated annealing. Experiments show that such improved computation speed accelerates the conformational space sampling of the algorithm and increases the chance of finding near-native protein-DNA structures.
Novel Intumescent Applications to Textiles (1997)

Recently the use of intumescents that interact with flame retardant fibres during the application of heat to form a novel char structure showing unusually high flame and heat resistance has been reported [1]. The interactive pyrolytic mecha nisms of both components creates a char-bonded structure that is unusually resistant to oxidation. This paper extends the previous work to include flame retardant cotton; it studies the evidence of this interaction by thermo-analytical and scanning electron microscopic studies. The char formation characteristics and oxidative resistance ofthe composites have been studied by mass loss calorimetry at heat flux rates in the range 25-75 kW.m -2 .
Versatile Expandables Technology for Casing Repair (2005)

Abstract Three installations of a new expandable casing patch in 5 ½" production casing are described. During field trials, 2,530 ft and 8,380 ft patches were installed in Wyoming and Texas gas wells previously shut-in due to corrosion leaks. The third application was in a new-drill well where a 205 ft patch isolated holes in casing from a perforating gun misfire. All three patches pressure-tested successfully thus enabling the wells to be fracture stimulated and produced. The product provides high-strength flush-bore expandable seals at the ends of a liner comprised of conventional OCTG pipes. Unique about this system is that the expansion mandrel becomes integral with the seal assembly to provide internal yield and collapse resistance comparable to the OCTG liner. A hydraulic setting tool powered via work string by a high-pressure/low-volume pump (i.e., typical BOP or tubing tester) drives the expansion mandrel into the patch body. The product, built initially as a one-trip system, was simplified and made more reliable by running as a two-trip system. First, the lower expandable seals and polished bore receptacle are installed. Next, the spacer string with upper seal is stung into the lower receptacle and the upper seals are expanded. The system is versatile in that the upper expandable seal also provides a receptacle to which a tieback liner, production tubing or another patch can be attached. The paper highlights job design and execution including use of casing inspection logs, problems encountered, system improvements and best practices resulting from this work.
Simulation of photonic band gaps in metal rod lattices for microwave applications (2002)

We have derived the global band gaps for general two-dimensional (2D) photonic band gap (PBG) structures formed by square or triangular arrays of metal posts. Such PBG structures have many promising applications in active and passive devices at microwave, millimeter wave, and higher frequencies. A coordinate-space, finite-difference code, called the photonic band gap structure simulator (PBGSS), was developed to calculate complete dispersion curves for lattices for a series of values of the ratio of the post radius (r) to the post spacing (a). The fundamental and higher frequency global photonic band gaps were determined numerically. These universal curves should prove useful in PBG cavity design. In addition, for very long wavelengths, where the numerical methods of the PBGSS code are difficult, dispersion curves were derived for the transverse-magnetic (TM) mode by an approximate, quasi-static approach. Results of this approach agree well with the PBGSS code for r/a&lt;0.1. The present results are compared with experimental data for transverse-electric (TE) and TM mode PBG resonators built at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and the agreement is found to be very good.
Synthesis of dendritic macromolecules through divergent iterative thio‐bromo “Click” chemistry and SET‐LRP (2009)

Abstract The development of a novel nucleophilic thio‐bromo “Click” reaction, specifically base‐mediated thioetherification of thioglycerol with α‐bromoesters was reported in an earlier article. The combination of this thio‐bromo click reaction with subsequent acylation with 2‐bromopropionyl bromide provides an iterative two‐step divergent growth approach to the synthesis of a new class of poly(thioglycerol‐2‐ propionate) (PTP) dendrimers. In this article, the addition of a third step, the single‐electron transfer living radical polymerization (SET‐LRP) of methyl acrylate (MA), was shown to provides access to a three‐step “ branch ” and “ grow ” divergent approach to dendritic macromolecules wherein poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) connects the branching subunits. This facile methodology can provide a diversity of dendritic macromolecular topologies and will ultimately provide the means to the development of self‐organizable dendritic macromolecules. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 47: 3940–3948, 2009
Gene Function and Strand Breaks in DNA of γ-irradiated T7 Bacteriophages (1974)

SummaryThe effect of γ-irradiation on gene function in bacteriophage T7 was examined and compared with the alteration of the DNA structure. An early function tested was the synthesis of T7 specific RNA polymerase. Its relative radiosensitivity is 0·32 compared with the plaque-forming ability. The same relative sensitivity of 0·30 was observed for the inhibition of injection and for the formation of double-strand breaks. This observation confirms the hypothesis that, after infection with γ-irradiated phage, only DNA molecules with an intact double helix are injected into the host cell. The radiosensitivity of the synthesis of lysozyme, tested as late function, is 0·58 compared with plaque-forming ability.
Injunctive Relief in the Internet Age: The Battle Between Free Speech and Trade Secrets (2002)

The information revolution has led to technological innovations in the movement, storage, and dissemination of information. The Internet allows a person, with good or bad intent, to distribute information to millions of people. This ability raises serious implications when trade secret information is the subject of Internet postings. Once a trade secret becomes publicly available, it loses its legal secrecy, and special legal protection. Additionally, competitors and everyone else on the Internet can gain access to the information. For those who rely on trade secret protection to guard their inventions, this presents a growing concern.\nThis Note will illustrate the void in trade secret protection arising from the conflicting goals of trade secret law and the First Amendment. This void has allowed third parties to post trade secret information, often procured through inappropriate means or in violation of a duty to maintain secrecy. Part II of the Note sets out the basic frameworks of trade secret and First Amendment law as they apply in these circumstances. Part III examines both sides of this conflict, including the means of resolution used in cases like Ford Motor Co. v. Lane. Part IV explains why injunctive relief should be permitted in trade secret cases when a third party has obtained information from an employee, in violation of a duty of confidentiality. This Note concludes that, because of the gap that has emerged in trade secret protection, courts should begin to allow trade secret owners injunctive relief. This relief will mitigate damages when third parties have, through inappropriate means or an employee's wrongful disclosures, obtained confidential trade secret information.
The X/Open internationalization model (1993)

Software internationalization standards allow developers to create applications that are neutral with respect to language and cultural information. X/Open adopted a model for internationalization and has revised the model several times to expand the range of support. The latest version of the X/Open internationalization model, which supports multibyte code sets, provides a set of interfaces that enables users in most of Europe and Asia to develop portable applications independent of the language and code set. One implementation of this model, the
Haemorrhagic Bowel Syndrome in Dairy Cattle: Possible Role of <i>Clostridium perfringens</i> Type A in the Disease Complex (2006)

A survey based on clinical, pathological and microbiological investigations was performed on 11 Brown Swiss cattle affected with depression, anorexia, agalaxia, ruminal hypomotility, abdominal pain and melaena. In eight animals, macroscopical lesions consisted in haemorrhagic enteritis in the small intestine. Seven of eight isolates from tissue samples were identified as Clostridum perfringens type A, and four were identified as C. perfringens type A with the beta2 toxin gene. Based on these observations, animals were considered affected with haemorrhagic bowel syndrome.
Purification of Proteinase-Free Collagenase from Commercial Batches of the Enzyme (1990)

A method is described for purifying a collagenase fraction from commercial batches of the enzyme, which is free of proteolytic effects. The method, which is based on preparative electrophoresis in discontinuous buffers followed by electroelution, enables the separation and purification of 6 collagenase fractions with a good recovery of the protein (approximately 80%). Proteinase activity was a peculiarity of the low molecular weight components whereas one high MW fraction (C2) had maximal collagenase activity but was free from aspecific proteolytic effects. Only this collagenase should be employed for molecular studies on the collagen composition of the basement membrane.