gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of Agonist-Induced Positive Inotropy by a Selective Rho-Associated Kinase Inhibitor, Y-27632 (2003)

We examined the effect of Y-27632 ((+)-(R)-trans-4-(1-aminoethyl)-N-(4-pyridyl)cyclo-hexanecarboxamide), a selective Rho-associated kinase (ROCK) inhibitor, on agonist-induced inotropy in isolated mouse left atria. Endothelin-1, angiotensin-II, and prostaglandin F(2)(alpha) (PGF(2)(alpha)) produced positive inotropy, which was significantly attenuated by Y-27632 (100 microM). On the other hand, isoproterenol-induced positive inotropy was not attenuated by the drug. These results provide the first evidence that the Rho/ROCK pathway is involved in endothelin-1-, angiotensin-II-, and PGF(2)(alpha)-induced positive inotropy, but not in beta-adrenoceptor-mediated positive inotropy.
Cytokeratin Profiles Identify Diagnostic Signatures in Colorectal Cancer Using Multiplex Analysis of Tissue Microarrays (2006)

Reduced coexpression of CK8 and CK20 may indicate an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) representing an important step in the development of more aggressive CRCs. In addition, multiplex analysis of TMAs together with immunohistochemistry (IHC) supplemented by hierarchical clustering are a useful, promising and very powerful tool for the identification of tumour subgroups with diagnostic and prognostic signatures.
An apoptotic endonuclease activated either by decreasing pH or by increasing calcium (1996)

DNA fragmentation in isolated nuclei from the murine IL3-dependent bone marrow cell line BAF3 could be stimulated either by decreasing pH below 6.5 or by adding microM calcium at neutral pH. An endonuclease which could also be stimulated either by a decrease in pH, to 6.5, or by the presence of microM calcium at neutral pH, was purified 10(4)-fold from nuclei of BAF3 cells. Digestion of DNA with the purified enzyme resulted in 5'-terminal hydroxyl and 3'-terminal phosphate ends. These characteristics are distinct from those described for other mammalian endonucleases. The possible role of this enzyme in genome digestion during apoptosis is discussed.
A First Attempt into the Production of Acylglycerol Mixtures from Echium Oil (2016)

Enzymatic glycerolysis of Echium oil (Echium plantagineum) has been carried out in the presence of four commercial lipases. Different pretreatments of the reaction mixture, such as high pressure homogenization and addition of food grade monoolein as an emulsifier, were evaluated to test their influence on the glycerolysis reaction. In addition, the impact of reducing temperature and the utilization of a solvent generally recognized as safe as a flavoring agent, such as limonene, were also investigated. Conversion of ca. 60-70% of triacylglycerols and production of ca. 25-30% of monoacylglycerols (MAGs) were attained. Finally, at the best reaction conditions, the glycerolysis reaction was scaled up at pilot plant and the product mixture obtained was fractionated via molecular distillation. From this stage, two products were attained: a distillate containing 80% of MAGs and a residue containing approximately 50% of diacylglycerols and 50% of triacylglycerols. All these mixtures can be utilized as self-emulsifying vehicles for the formulation of bioactive substances and also as precursors for the production of structured bioactive lipids.
Large scale restructuring of porous Pt-Ni nanoparticle tubes for methanol oxidation: A highly reactive, stable, and restorable fuel cell catalyst (2011)

We report a large scale restructuring of porous Pt-Ni nanoparticle tubes for electrocatalytic oxidation of methanol, showing high catalytic activity, stability and resistance to poisoning. The surface restructuring highly improved the electrochemical active surface area (ECSA) by potential cycling in a strong acid electrolyte at room temperature. After a long-time stability test, the ECSA can be restored to its initial value after another potential cycling, thus this kind of electrocatalyst shows the potential possibility for next-generation highly restorable catalysts in direct methanol fuel cells.
Adverse Reactions Related to Treatment Compliance During BCG Maintenance Therapy for Non-muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer (2013)

Most patients who completed bacillus Calmette-Guérin maintenance therapy experienced local adverse reactions (≥G2) during the maintenance therapy. Gross hematuria and systemic adverse reactions during bacillus Calmette-Guérin induction therapy might be related to the discontinuation of bacillus Calmette-Guérin maintenance therapy because of severe adverse reactions.
Controlling electric potential to inhibit solid-electrolyte interphase formation on nanowire anodes for ultrafast lithium-ion batteries (2018)

With increasing demand for high-capacity and rapidly rechargeable anodes, problems associated with unstable evolution of a solid-electrolyte interphase on the active anode surface become more detrimental. Here, we report the near fatigue-free, ultrafast, and high-power operations of lithium-ion battery anodes employing silicide nanowires anchored selectively to the inner surface of graphene-based micro-tubular conducting electrodes. This design electrically shields the electrolyte inside the electrode from an external potential load, eliminating the driving force that generates the solid-electrolyte interphase on the nanowire surface. Owing to this electric control, a solid-electrolyte interphase develops firmly on the outer surface of the graphene, while solid-electrolyte interphase-free nanowires enable fast electronic and ionic transport, as well as strain relaxation over 2000 cycles, with 84% capacity retention even at ultrafast cycling (>20C). Moreover, these anodes exhibit unprecedentedly high rate capabilities with capacity retention higher than 88% at 80C (vs. the capacity at 1C).
DSP Implementation of Voice Recognition Using Dynamic Time Warping Algorithm (2005)

Voice recognition is a process of an automatic system to perceive speech. The paper discusses voice recognition using Cepstral Analysis and DTW of a set of five words. The software model was designed using DSP block library in Simulink. The developed model provide us with the necessary tools to record, filter, and analyze different voice samples and compare them with the archived sample. The paper concludes with discussion about the implementation of the speech recognition algorithm on a DSP processor. The algorithm was implemented on the target DSP via Embedded target for TI DSP toolbox and real time Workshop (RTW).
Synthesis and properties of deoxyoligonucleotides containing putrescinylthymine (nucleosides and nucleotides. LXXVI). (1987)

Putrescinylthymidine was prepared by the reduction of the Schiff base formed from a 2'-deoxy-5-formyluridine derivative and N-phthaloylputrescine, followed by deprotection. The following deoxyoligonucleotides containing putrescinylthymine (TP) were synthesized; dodecathymidylic acids containing two to four TP residues, self-complementary decanucleotides (AAGAATTCTT) and dodecanucleotides (AGATAGCTATCT) in which T residues were partly replaced by TP, and related oligomers. Oligonucleotides containing TP were resistant to nuclease S1 digestion and were poor substrates to venom phosphodiesterase. The thermal stability (Tm) of the duplex structure of oligomers containing TP was not enhanced in spite of the expected electrostatic binding between the putrescinyl and phosphoryl residues, and was rather sequence-dependent.
Sodium‐dependent GABA‐induced currents in GAT1‐transfected HeLa cells. (1996)

1. HeLa cells were infected with recombinant vaccinia virus containing the T7 RNA polymerase gene and transfected with the cDNA for a rat GABA transporter, GAT1, cloned downstream of a T7 RNA polymerase promoter. Six to sixteen hours after transfection, whole-cell recording with a voltage ramp in the range -90 to 50 mV revealed GABA-induced currents (approximately -100 pA at -60 mV in 100 microM GABA, 16 h after transfection at room temperature). No GABA-induced currents were observed in parental HeLa cells or in mock-transfected cells. 2. GABA-induced currents were suppressed by extracellular perfusion with GABA-free solutions or addition of GAT1 inhibitors SKF89976-A or SKF100330-A. At fixed voltage the GABA dependence of the inward current fitted the Michaelis-Menten equation with a Hill coefficient, n, near unity and an equilibrium constant, K(m), near 3 microM. The Na+ dependence of the inward currents fitted the Michaelis-Menten equation with n approximately equal to 2 and K(m) approximately equal to 10 mM. The constants n and K(m) for GABA and Na+ were independent of voltage in the range -90 to -30 mV. 3. GABA-induced currents reverse direction in the range 5-10 mV. The implication of this result is that GAT1 can mediate electrogenic (electrophoretic) influx or efflux of GABA depending on the membrane voltage. The presence of an outward current in our experiments is consistent with radioactive-labelled flux data from resealed vesicle studies. However, it is inconsistent with frog oocyte expression experiments using the sample clone. In oocytes, GAT1 generates no outward current in a similar voltage range. Smaller intracellular volume or higher turnover rates in the mammalian expression system may explain the outward currents. 4. External GABA induces inward current, and internal GABA induces outward current. However, in cells initially devoid of internal GABA, external GABA can also facilitate an outward current. This GAT1-mediated outward current occurs only after applying negative potentials to the cell. These data are consistent with the concept that negative potentials drive GABA and Na+ into the cell, which then leads to electrogenic efflux through GAT1 at positive voltages. 5. Assuming coupled transport, we estimate the number of transporters, N, times the turnover rate, r, to be Nr approximately 10(9) s-1 under nominal conditions (V = -60 mV, 30 microM GABA, 130 mM Na+ and room temperature). This indicates either very high levels of expression (approximately 10(4) microns-2), assuming published turnover rates (approximately 10 s-1), or turnover rates that are significantly greater than previously reported. As an alternative, a channel may exist in the GAT1 protein that is gated by GABA and Na+ and blocked by GAT1 antagonists. The channel mode of conduction would exist in addition to the coupled, fixed-stoichiometry transporter mode of conduction.
Linear Diophantine equations over polynomials and soft decoding of Reed-Solomon codes (2003)

We generalize the classical Knuth-Schonhage algorithm computing GCD of two polynomials for solving arbitrary linear Diophantine systems over polynomials in time, quasi-linear in the maximal degree. As an application, we consider the following weighted curve fitting problem: given a set of points in the plain, find an algebraic curve (satisfying certain degree conditions) that goes through each point the prescribed number of times. The main motivation for this problem comes from coding theory, namely it is ultimately related to the list decoding of Reed-Solomon codes. We present a new fast algorithm for the weighted curve fitting problem, based on the explicit construction of Groebner basis. This gives another fast algorithm for soft-decoding of Reed-Solomon codes different from the procedure proposed by Feng (1999), which works in time (w/r)/sup O(1)/ n log/sup 2/ n loglogn, where r is the rate of the code, and w is the maximal weight assigned to a vertical line.
Simultaneous analysis of MDR1 C3435T, G2677T/A, and C1236T genotypes by multiplexed mutagenically separated PCR (2005)

P-glycoprotein (PGP) encoded by the multi-drug-resistance 1 (MDR1) gene is a member of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter family, drug-transporting proteins involved in the bioavailability and pharmacokinetics of various drugs. Several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MDR1 gene have been identified so far that may influence PGP expression levels and function. Thus, genotyping for MDR1 polymorphisms and determining specific haplotypes may become an important tool in predicting individual susceptibility to developing drug resistance. We developed a new multiplexed allele-specific PCR method based on the principle of mutagenically separated PCR (MS-PCR) for rapid and reliable simultaneous genotyping of the C3435T polymorphism in exon 26 of the MDR1 gene and two additional SNPs (G2677T/A in exon 21 and C1236T in exon 12), which are in linkage disequilibrium with MDR1 C3435T. The accuracy and reliability of this method was confirmed by sequencing the respective regions in the MDR1 gene. This newly developed MDR1 MS-PCR will facilitate fast, accurate and economic analysis of MDR1 genotypes and will provide important information in optimizing individual therapeutic approaches.
Reaction of δ-Tocopherol with an Alkylperoxyl Radical (1990)

δ-Tocopherol was reacted with an alkylperoxyl radical at 37°C in benzene. 2,2′-Azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile) was used to generate the alkylperoxyl radical. The reaction products of (δ-tocopherol were isolated and characterized. There were δ-tocored, four stereoisomers of 8a-(1-cyano-1,3-dimethyl)butybutylperoxy-δ-tocopherone, a mixture of four stereoisomers of 8a-(1-cyano-1,3-dimethyl)butylperoxy-5-(δ-tocopheroxy)-δ-tocopherone, 5-(δ-tocopheroxy)-δ-tocopherol, a mixture of four stereoisomers of 8a-(1-cyano-1,3-dimethyl)butylperoxy-5-[(5-(δ-tocopheroxy)-δ-tocopher-oxy]-δ-tocopherone, and 5-[(5-(δ-tocopheroxy)-δ-tocopheroxy]-δ-tocopherol. From the reaction products of δ-tocopherol and its dimer, a possible mechanism for the reaction of δ-tocopherol with peroxyl radicals was discussed.
An Electrically-heated Cold Trap Inlet For High Speed Gc. (1985)

The development of an electrically-heated cold trap for WCOT columns is described. Two heating methods, one involving a high-current transformer and the other using a capacitive discharge system, are experimented with. While more efficient heating is demonstrated with the discharge method, good results are obtainable with the transformer. Either method can reinject bands 15 ms wide at half-maximum. Detailed parametric studies of the cold trap are presented. Trapping efficiency is studied varying trap diameter, carrier gas, flow rate and the temperature of copper electrodes which connect the trap to the heating source. The best results are achieved for the narrower bore trap, 0.5 mm i.d., with hydrogen as the carrier gas. Trapping efficiency decreases with increasing flow rate, although at a helium flow rate of 200 cm/s 95% of the sample is trapped. Heating the upstream electrode has a detrimental effect on trapping efficiency, while heating the downstream electrode has no effect. Arrival times and band widths of solutes reinjected directly from the cold trap to the FID are determined under a wide variety of conditions. The necessity for rapid heating of the trap is demonstrated. Efficient heating reduces boiling point discriminations, narrows the bandwidths of reinjected peaks (down to the limit set by diffusional broadening) and increases the precision of arrival time measurements. Choice of carrier gas (hydrogen or helium) does not greatly affect either arrival time or peak width. Heating the downstream electrode also reduces boiling point discrimination, but heating of the upstream electrode has very little effect. Measurement of the solute transit time between the trap and detector has an accuracy of about 10 ms (1 standard deviation). A study of 5 different 0.5 mm i.d. column lengths (1, 2, 3, 5.6 & 11.6 m) shows identical values of H for flow rates ranging from 20 cm/s to over 200 cm/s. The short columns give same number of plates as the longer columns for fast (3-5 s) analysis times, but for slower analyses (20-50 s) the longer columns offer more effective theoretical plates even though the required flow rates are higher. Several examples of high speed separations are shown. Among these is a separation of pentane, hexane, heptane and octane in about 1 s and a separation of 9 aromatics and alkanes in under 7 s.
Multiecho dixon fat and water separation method for detecting fibrofatty infiltration in the myocardium (2008)

Conventional approaches for fat and water discrimination based on chemical-shift fat suppression have reduced ability to characterize fatty infiltration due to poor contrast of microscopic fat. The multiecho Dixon approach to water and fat separation has advantages over chemical-shift fat suppression: 1) water and fat images can be acquired in a single breathhold, avoiding misregistration; 2) fat has positive contrast; 3) the method is compatible with precontrast and late-enhancement imaging, 4) less susceptible to partial-volume effects, and 5) robust in the presence of background field variation; and 6) for the bandwidth implemented, chemical-shift artifact is decreased. The proposed technique was applied successfully in all 28 patients studied. This included 10 studies with indication of coronary artery disease (CAD), of which four cases with chronic myocardial infarction (MI) exhibited fatty infiltration; 13 studies to rule out arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC), of which there were three cases with fibrofatty infiltration and two confirmed with ARVC; and five cases of cardiac masses (two lipomas). The precontrast contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) of intramyocardial fat was greatly improved, by 240% relative to conventional fat suppression. For the parameters implemented, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) was decreased by 30% relative to conventional late enhancement. The multiecho Dixon method for fat and water separation provides a sensitive means of detecting intramyocardial fat with positive signal contrast.
Railgun performance with a two-stage light-gas gun injector (1991)

This paper summarizes the results obtained with the HELEOS railgun which uses a two-stage light-gas gun (2SLGG) as an {pi}injector. The high velocity 2SLGG injector preaccelerates projectiles up to {approximately}8 km/s. The high injector velocity reduces the exposure duration of the railgun barrel to the passing high temperature plasma armature, thereby reducing the ablation subsequent armature growth. The 2SLGG also provide a column of cool, high pressure hydrogen gas to insulate the rails behind the projectile, thereby eliminating restrike. A means to form an armature behind the injected projectile has been developed. In preliminary tests, the third stage railgun has successfully increased the projectile velocity by 1.35 km/s. Extensive diagnostics have been used to determine the behavior of the armature and track the launcher's performance. In some cases, velocity increase in the railgun section have been achieved, which are in close agreement with theoretical predictions, whereas in other experiments deviations from theoretical have been observed. The reasons for and implications of these results will be addressed. Recent tests are reported. 15 refs., 6 figs., 1 tab.
EZH2 Down-Regulation Exacerbates Lipid Accumulation and Inflammation in in Vitro and in Vivo NAFLD (2013)

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most prevalent, chronic liver diseases, worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease caused by complex interactions between genetic, epigenetic and environmental factors. Recently, several microRNAs, some of which epigenetically regulated, have been found to be up- and/or down-regulated during NAFLD development. However, in NAFLD, the essential role of the Polycomb Group protein Enhancer of Zeste Homolog 2 (EZH2), which controls the epigenetic silencing of specific genes and/or microRNAs by trimethylating Lys27 on histone H3, still remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that the nuclear expression/activity of the EZH2 protein is down-regulated both in livers from NAFLD rats and in the free fatty acid-treated HepG2. The drop in EZH2 is inversely correlated with: (i) lipid accumulation; (ii) the expression of pro-inflammatory markers including TNF-α and TGF-β; and (iii) the expression of miR-200b and miR-155. Consistently, the pharmacological inhibition of EZH2 by 3-Deazaneplanocin A (DZNep) significantly reduces EZH2 expression/activity, while it increases lipid accumulation, inflammatory molecules and microRNAs. In conclusion, the results of this study suggest that the defective activity of EZH2 can enhance the NAFLD development by favouring steatosis and the de-repression of the inflammatory genes and that of specific microRNAs.
Cosmetic perfumes vs. human pheromones (natural chemical scents) of the human female and male in signalling and performing context of their sexual behaviour. (2009)

Scent communication in man is undoubtedly of importance, although it is unconscious, rather than active, as compared to subhuman primates. Besides human sexual life it also affects a number of further characteristics of human life and its infrastructure including the mother-child relationship, creation of the odour basis of the family with the possibility to identify the family members solely by their odour as well as other parameters investigated thus far. Pheromones have effect upon the selection of a suitable partner of the opposite sex (or of the same sex in homosexual partners). The formation of specifically significant responses during communication between the two sexes, first of all in sexual life and its manifestations, may also be influenced by pheromone-based perfumes or classical cosmetic perfumes, as far as they are selected and used appropriately. The situation is much easier if the partners are of the olfactory type where for both partners the mutual olfactory parameters are the most attractive for their sexual life and its parameters, which significantly contributes to the quality of their overall coexistence (Ref. 29).
Transcranial direct stimulation and fluoxetine for the treatment of depression (2007)

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Behavior of Tip-Steerable Needles in Ex Vivo and In Vivo Tissue (2012)

Robotic needle steering is a promising technique to improve the effectiveness of needle-based clinical procedures, such as biopsies and ablation, by computer-controlled, curved insertions of needles within solid organs. In this paper, we explore the capabilities, challenges, and clinical relevance of asymmetric-tip needle steering through experiments in ex vivo and in vivo tissue. We evaluate the repeatability of needle insertion in inhomogeneous biological tissue and compare ex vivo and in vivo needle curvature and insertion forces. Steerable needles curved more in kidney than in liver and prostate, likely due to differences in tissue properties. Pre-bent needles produced higher insertion forces in liver and more curvature in vivo than ex vivo. When compared to straight stainless steel needles, steerable needles did not cause a measurable increase in tissue damage and did not exert more force during insertion. The minimum radius of curvature achieved by prebent needles was 5.23 cm in ex vivo tissue, and 10.4 cm in in vivo tissue. The curvatures achieved by bevel tip needles were negligible for in vivo tissue. The minimum radius of curvature for bevel tip needles in ex vivo tissue was 16.4 cm; however, about half of the bevel tip needles had negligible curvatures. We also demonstrate a potential clinical application of needle steering by targeting and ablating overlapping regions of cadaveric canine liver.