gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Star-shaped perylene–oligothiophene–triphenylamine hybrid systems for photovoltaic applications (2005)

A series of novel star-shaped donor–acceptor systems is described. These molecules consist of three head-to-tail coupled oligo(3-hexylthiophene) arms covalently linked to a triphenylamine core which acts as the donor part. At the termini perylene monoimide moieties are attached as acceptors. These hybrid molecules, which differ by the length of the oligothiophene units, were effectively synthesized via palladium-catalyzed Suzuki-type couplings. Their optical and electrochemical properties were determined and structure–property relationships were established, clearly demonstrating the influence of the length of the integrated oligothiophene chains on the electronic nature of these hybrid systems.
On the aerodynamics and performance of active vortex generators (1993)

As a building block in the development of smart lift-enhancement devices, a new concept for flow control using active vortex generators (AVGs) is presented. Ramp, wedge, and doublet wedge (Wheeler) VG configurations are investigated. The AVGs are designed to conform to the surface of the wing section at low alpha. As the section approaches the stall, they are deployed and accordingly, alpha(stall) and C(lmax) are increased. A qualitative analysis of the flow around the various VG configurations was conducted in a low speed wind tunnel at 1.6 ft/s and a Reynolds number of approximately 3400. The results demonstrate that ramp VGs produce vortices that have the longest distance at breakdown. The VGs were also applied to a 25-in. span, 8-in. chord NACA 4415 wing section. Optimization studies were conducted on the spanwise spacing, chordwise position, and size of statically deployed VGs. The test results demonstrate a 14-percent increase in C(lmax) while increasing alpha (stall) by up to 3.
Mannosylerythritol lipid is a potent inducer of apoptosis and differentiation of mouse melanoma cells in culture. (1999)

Malignant melanomas are tumors that are well known to respond poorly to treatment with chemotherapeutic reagents. We report here that mannosylerythritol lipid (MEL), an extracellular glycolipid from yeast, markedly inhibited the growth of mouse melanoma B16 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Exposure of B16 cells to MEL at 10 microM and higher concentrations caused the condensation of chromatin, DNA fragmentation, and sub-G1 arrest, all of which are hallmarks of cells that are undergoing apoptosis. Analysis of the cell cycle also suggested that both the MEL-mediated inhibition of growth and apoptosis were closely associated with growth arrest in the G1 phase. Moreover, MEL exposure stimulated the expression of differentiation markers of melanoma cells, such as tyrosinase activity and the enhanced production of melanin, which is an indication that MEL triggered both apoptotic and cell differentiation programs. Forced expression of Bcl-2 protein in stably transformed B16 cells had a dual effect: it interfered with MEL-induced apoptosis but increased both tyrosinase activity and the production of melanin as compared with these phenomena in vector-transfected MEL-treated control B16 cells. These results provide the first evidence that growth arrest, apoptosis, and the differentiation of mouse malignant melanoma cells can be induced by a microbial extracellular glycolipid.
Myocardial Infarction: Optimization of Inversion Times at Delayed Contrast-enhanced MR Imaging (2004)

Seventeen patients underwent magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for myocardial viability with a protocol approved by the institutional review board and gave written informed consent. Breath-hold cine inversion-recovery segmented k-space true fast imaging with steady-state precession sequence, referred to as inversion time (TI) mapping, was performed to determine optimal TI for myocardial infarction inversion-recovery imaging. From TI mapping, optimal TI was 180-315 msec 10-15 minutes after administration of 0.15 mmol/kg of gadolinium-based contrast material. At that optimal TI, relative signal intensity of infarcted myocardium compared with uninfarcted myocardium was maximal (mean +/- standard deviation, 297.8% +/- 86.5), whereas signal-to-noise ratio of uninfarcted myocardium was minimal (4.5 +/- 1.2). When applied to conventional myocardial infarction inversion-recovery imaging, optimal TI resulted in nulling of signal intensity of uninfarcted myocardium in all patients and in excellent conspicuity of infarcted myocardium in all nine patients with visible infarction.
Broad agents (1991)

The Oz project at Carnegie Mellon is developing technology for dramatic virtual worlds. One requirement of such worlds is the presence of broad, though perhaps shallow, agents. To support our needs, we are developing an agent architecture that provides goals and goal directed reactive behavior, emotional state and its effects on behavior, some natural language abilities (especially pragmatics based language generation), and some memory and inference abilities. We are limiting each of these capacities whenever necessary to allow us to build a broadly capable, integrated agent.In attempting to construct a broad agent, constraints seem to arise between components of the architecture. In this brief note, we discuss some of these constraints.
Withdrawal Symptoms after Serotonin-Noradrenaline Reuptake Inhibitor Discontinuation: Systematic Review (2018)

Clinicians need to add SNRI to the list of drugs potentially inducing withdrawal symptoms upon discontinuation, together with other types of psychotropic drugs. The results of this study challenge the use of SNRI as first-line treatment for mood and anxiety disorders.
The role of implant porosity on the development of infection. (1977)

The role of implant porosity as a determinant of infection was studied. Standardized porous and nonporous polymethyl methacrylate implants were fabricated for this investigation. In rabbits, the premolded polymethyl methacrylate implants were placed under the paravertebral fascia, just superficial to the paravertebral muscle fascia, before inoculation with a measured number of staphylococci. The polymethyl methacrylate implants did not enhance the infection rate of the contaminated wounds. The presence of pores within the implants did not damage tissue defenses. Polymethyl methacrylate implants did not alter the success of antibiotic treatment. Antibiotics prevented the development of infection in wounds containing 10(6) organisms, even in the presence of an implant. When higher levels of organisms were delivered to the wound, antibiotic treatment had a negligible benefit in the implant and control wounds.
Antagonism of E2F-1 regulated Bnip3 transcription by NF-κB is essential for basal cell survival (2008)

The transcription factor E2F-1 drives proliferation and death, but the mechanisms that differentially regulate these divergent actions are poorly understood. The hypoxia-inducible death factor Bnip3 is an E2F-1 target gene and integral component of the intrinsic mitochondrial death pathway. The mechanisms that govern Bnip3 gene activity remain cryptic. Herein we show that the transcription factor NF-kappaB provides a molecular switch that determines whether E2F-1 signals proliferation or death under physiological conditions. We show under basal nonapoptotic conditions that NF-kappaB constitutively occupies and transcriptionally silences Bnip3 gene transcription by competing with E2F-1 for Bnip3 promoter binding. Conversely, in the absence of NF-kappaB, or during hypoxia when NF-kappaB abundance is reduced, basal Bnip3 gene transcription is activated by the unrestricted binding of E2F-1 to the Bnip3 promoter. Genetic knock-down of E2F-1 or retinoblastoma gene product over-expression in cardiac and human pancreatic cancer cells deficient for NF-kappaB signaling abrogated basal and hypoxia-inducible Bnip3 transcription. The survival kinase PI3K/Akt inhibited Bnip3 expression levels in cells in a manner dependent upon NF-kappaB activation. Hence, by way of example, we show that the transcriptional inhibition of E2F-1-dependent Bnip3 expression by NF-kappaB highlights a survival pathway that overrides the E2F-1 tumor suppressor program. Our data may explain more fundamentally how cells, by selectively inhibiting E2F-1-dependent death gene transcription, avert apoptosis down-stream of the retinoblastoma/E2F-1 cell cycle pathway.
Synthesis of Epoxycontaining Siliconorganic Compounds (1995)

Abstract Epoxycompounds containing the methyl, phenyl, vinyl, chlormethyl. thienyl and chlorthienyl radicals with molecules containing one siloxane or cyclosiloxane, or two and more siloxane fragments are synthesised for the first time by the hydrosililization of aiylglicidyl ester with organohydrosilanes or siloxanes in the presence of Speier catalizator H2PtCl6. The reaction of hydrosililization is studied using infrared spectroscopy and gas-liquid chromatography method. The anionic polymerization of epoxicompounds containing cyclosiloxane fragments using α,β-bis(tetramethilammonium)dimethilsilanolat is carried out. Key Words: Silico organicepoxidessiloxanecyclosiloxane
Sequential Windowed Acquisition of Reporter Masses for Quantitation-First Proteomics (2019)

The standard approach for proteomic data acquisition of isobaric-tagged samples by mass spectrometry is data-dependent acquisition. This semistochastic, identification-first paradigm generates a wealth of peptide-level data without regard to relative abundance. We introduce a data acquisition concept called sequential windowed acquisition of reporter masses (SWARM). This approach performs quantitation first, thereby allowing subsequent acquisition decisions to be predicated on user-defined patterns of reporter ion intensities. The efficacy of this approach is validated through experiments with both synthetic mixtures of Escherichia coli ribosomes spiked into human cell lysates at known ratios and the quantitative evaluation of the human proteome's response to the inhibition of cullin-based protein ubiquitination via the small molecule MLN4924. We find that SWARM-informed parallel reaction monitoring acquisitions display effective acquisition biasing toward analytes displaying quantitative characteristics of interest, resulting in an improvement in the detection of differentially abundant analytes. The SWARM concept provides a flexible platform for the further development of new acquisition methods.
Association of a single nucleotide polymorphism in the 5' upstream region of the porcine <i>myosin heavy chain 4</i> gene with meat quality traits in pigs (2015)

We identified a potential molecular marker associated with meat quality traits in the myosin heavy chain 4, MYH4 gene of Landrace pigs. Sequencing revealed a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP; g.-1398G>T) in the 5' upstream region of MYH4. It was significantly associated with the number of type IIa muscle fibers and water-holding capacity based on filter-paper fluid uptake. The GG genotype groups had a greater number of type IIa fibers and a larger area composed of type IIa fibers than the other genotype group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.061, respectively). Expression level of MYH4 gene in the genotype TT or GT was higher than in genotype of GG (P < 0.0001). The T allele may enhance expression level of MYH4 gene and then the portion of IIb type fiber in the muscle be increased by the T allelle. Therefore, we suggest that the g.-1398G>T in the 5' upstream region of the porcine MYH4 may be used as a molecular marker for meat quality traits, although its functional effect is not defined yet.
Increased<i>in vivo</i>apoptosis in cells lacking mitochondrial DNA gene expression (2001)

We have attempted to determine whether loss of mtDNA and respiratory chain function result in apoptosis in vivo . Apoptosis was studied in embryos with homozygous disruption of the mitochondrial transcription factor A gene ( Tfam ) and tissue-specific Tfam knockout animals with severe respiratory chain deficiency in the heart. We found massive apoptosis in Tfam knockout embryos at embryonic day (E) 9.5 and increased apoptosis in the heart of the tissue-specific Tfam knockouts. Furthermore, mtDNA-less (ρ 0 ) cell lines were susceptible to apoptosis induced by different stimuli in vitro . The data presented here provide in vivo evidence that respiratory chain deficiency predisposes cells to apoptosis, contrary to previous assumptions based on in vitro studies of cultured cells. These results suggest that increased apoptosis is a pathogenic event in human mtDNA mutation disorders. The finding that respiratory chain deficiency is associated with increased in vivo apoptosis may have important therapeutic implications for human disease. Respiratory chain deficiency and cell loss and/or apoptosis have been associated with neurodegeneration, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, and aging. Furthermore, chemotherapy and radiation treatment of cancer are intended to induce apoptosis in tumor cells. It would therefore be of interest to determine whether manipulation of respiratory chain function can be used to inhibit or enhance apoptosis in these conditions.
Copolymerization of Vinyl Compounds with Dienes<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCopolymerization of Vinyl Compounds with Dienes1Turner Alfrey Jr., A. I. Goldberg, and W. P. HohensteinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1946, 68, 12, 2464–2467Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01216a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01216a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views42Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Oil and Fatty Acid Contents in Seed of Citrullus lanatus Schrad. (2012)

Intact seed of 475 genebank accessions of Citrullus ( C. lanatus var. lanatus and C. lanatus var. citroides) were analyzed for percent oil content using TD-NMR. Extracts from whole seed of 96 accessions of C. lanatus (30 var. citroides, 33 var. lanatus, and 33 egusi), C. colocynthis (n = 3), C. ecirrhosus (n = 1), C. rehmii (n = 1), and Benincasa fistulosa (n = 3) were also analyzed for their fatty acids content. Among the materials analyzed, seed oil content varied from 14.8 to 43.5%. Mean seed oil content in egusi types of C. lanatus was significantly higher (mean = 35.6%) than that of either var. lanatus (mean = 23.2%) or var. citroides (mean = 22.6%). Egusi types of C. lanatus had a significantly lower hull/kernel ratio when compared to other C. lanatus var. lanatus or C. lanatus var. citroides. The principal fatty acid in all C. lanatus materials examined was linoleic acid (43.6-73%). High levels of linoleic acid were also present in the materials of C. colocynthis (71%), C. ecirrhosus (62.7%), C. rehmii (75.8%), and B. fistulosa (73.2%), which were included for comparative purposes. Most all samples contained traces (<0.5%) of arachidonic acid. The data presented provide novel information on the range in oil content and variability in the concentrations of individual fatty acids present in a diverse array of C. lanatus, and its related species, germplasm.
Detection of an evanescent field scattered by silicon tips in an apertureless scanning near-field optical microscope (1999)

We describe how a commercial silicon cantilever can be used both as a force probe and a local scatterer of light. This tip can thus be used as the key element of an apertureless Scanning Near-field Optical Microscope (SNOM) combined with an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). We use a Total Internal Reflection (TIR) illumination to provide a Fresnel evanescent wave with well-defined characteristics. We show how the weak signal issued from the near-field scattered by the tip can be extracted from the background noise. Finally we present how a signal related to the near field can also be obtained when the tip is oscillated at a frequency close to the resonance frequency of the cantilever. These results are compared with a simulation of the lock-in detection. Finally we describe the role of the vibration amplitude on the signal.
Geometry and surface assisted flow discretization (2004)

This paper presents a micro flow discretizer that autonomously digitizes continuous liquid flow into nanoliter segments without consuming any electricity or requiring any external control. In the prototype demonstration, the discretizer is made of PDMS microfluidic channels with desired geometry and surface properties. Employing a new self-aligned masking process followed by oxygen plasma to pattern the 3-dimensional PDMS surfaces, areas exposed to plasma are converted from naturally hydrophobic into hydrophilic while areas covered by the mask remain hydrophobic. With the assistance of channel geometry and properties of hydrophobic/hydrophilic surface patterns, a continuous water flow has been split into segments with controllable and predetermined volumes from 10 to 40 nanoliters. As such, this autonomous flow discretizer opens up a new class of metering and manipulation scheme in microfluidic applications including lab-on-a-chip.
LAP: Lightweight Anonymity and Privacy (2012)

Popular anonymous communication systems often require sending packets through a sequence of relays on dilated paths for strong anonymity protection. As a result, increased end-to-end latency renders such systems inadequate for the majority of Internet users who seek an intermediate level of anonymity protection while using latency-sensitive applications, such as Web applications. This paper serves to bridge the gap between communication systems that provide strong anonymity protection but with intolerable latency and non-anonymous communication systems by considering a new design space for the setting. More specifically, we explore how to achieve near-optimal latency while achieving an intermediate level of anonymity with a weaker yet practical adversary model (i.e., protecting an end-host's identity and location from servers) such that users can choose between the level of anonymity and usability. We propose Lightweight Anonymity and Privacy (LAP), an efficient network-based solution featuring lightweight path establishment and stateless communication, by concealing an end-host's topological location to enhance anonymity against remote tracking. To show practicality, we demonstrate that LAP can work on top of the current Internet and proposed future Internet architectures.
Novel activity of a phycobiliprotein lyase: both the attachment of phycocyanobilin and the isomerization to phycoviolobilin are catalyzed by the proteins PecE and PecF encoded by the phycoerythrocyanin operon (2000)

The structure of phycoviolobilin, the photoactive chromophore of alpha-phycoerythrocyanin, is incompatible with a chromophore ligation to the apoprotein via SH-addition (cysteine) to a Delta3, 3(1)-double bond of the phycobilin. The two putative phycoerythrocyanin lyase genes of Mastigocladus laminosus, pecE and pecF, were overexpressed in Escherichia coli. Their action has been studied on the addition reaction of phycocyanobilin to apo-alpha-phycoerythrocyanin (PecA). In the absence of the components of alpha-PEC-phycoviolobilin lyase PecE and PecF, or in the presence of only one of them, phycocyanobilin binds covalently to PecA forming a fluorescent chromoprotein with a red-shifted absorption (lambda(max)=641 nm) and low photoactivity (<10%). In the presence of both PecE and PecF, a chromoprotein forms which by its absorption (lambda(max)=565 nm) and high photoreversible photochromism (100% type I) has been identified as integral alpha-phycoerythrocyanin. We conclude that PecE and PecF jointly catalyze not only the addition of phycocyanobilin to PecA, but also its isomerization to the native phycoviolobilin chromophore.
Functional Divergence Prediction from Evolutionary Analysis: A Case Study of Vertebrate Hemoglobin (2003)

It is a central assumption of evolution that gene duplications provide the genetic raw material from which to create proteins with new functions. The increasing availability in multigene family sequences that has resulted from genome projects has inspired the creation of novel in silico approaches to predict details of protein function. The underlying principle of all such approaches is to compare the evolutionary properties of homologous sequence positions in paralogous proteins. It has been proposed that the positions that show switches in substitution rate over time-i.e., "heterotachous sites," are good indicators of functional divergence. Here, we analyzed the alpha and beta paralogous subunits of hemoglobin in search for such signatures. We found as many heterotachous sites in comparisons between groups of paralogous subunits (alpha/beta) as between orthologous ones (alpha/alpha, beta/beta). Thus, the importance of substitution rate shifts as predictors of specialization between protein subfamilies might be reconsidered. Instead, such shifts may reflect a more general process of protein evolution, consistent with the fact that they can be compatible with function conservation. As an alternative, we focused on those residues showing highly constrained states in two sequence groups, but different in each group, and we named them CBD (for "constant but different"). As opposed to heterotachous positions, CBD sites were markedly overrepresented in paralogous (alpha/beta) comparisons, as opposed to orthologous ones (alpha/alpha, beta/beta), identifying them as likely signatures of functional specialization between the two subunits. When superimposed onto the three-dimensional structure of hemoglobin, CBD positions consistently appeared to cluster preferentially on inter-subunit surfaces, two contact areas crucial to function in vertebrate tetrameric hemoglobin. The identification and analysis of CBD sites by complementing structural information with evolutionary data may represent a promising direction for future studies dealing with the functional characterization of a growing number of multigene families identified by complete genome analyses.
Dynamic blood pressure control and middle cerebral artery mean blood velocity variability at rest and during exercise in humans (2007)

These findings suggest that the exercise intensity related reduction in cardiac-arterial baroreflex function at its operating point does not influence the dynamic control of MCA V(mean), even when the ability of exercise-induced increase in cardiac output is reduced by cardiac beta(1)-adrenergic blockade.