gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Non-Peptidic CRF1 Receptor Antagonists for the Treatment of Anxiety, Depression and Stress Disorders (2002)

Anxiety and depression are psychiatric disorders that constitute a major health concern worldwide, and new pharmacological approaches with the potential for improved efficacy and decreased side effect profiles relative to currently marketed drugs are desired. Since the identification of corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) by Vale and colleagues in 1981, an extensive research effort has solidified the importance of this 41 amino acid peptide in mediating the body's behavioral, endocrine, and autonomic responses to stress. The further identification of CRF receptor subtypes has provided compelling targets for novel pharmaceutical agents. The present review focuses on the potential of non-peptidic antagonists of the CRF(1) receptor subtype as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of anxiety and depression. The first section reviews preclinical and clinical evidence implicating CRF, in general, and CRF(1) receptors, in particular, in anxiety and depression. Clinical studies have demonstrated a dysfunctional hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis and/or elevated CRF levels in depression and in some anxiety disorders. Preclinical data utlilizing correlational methods, genetic models, and exogenous CRF administration techniques in rodents and non-human primates supports a link between hyperactive CRF pathways and anxiogenic and depressive-like symptoms. Studies employing the use of receptor knockouts and selective, non-peptidic antagonists of the CRF(1) receptor have demonstrated anxiolytic and antidepressant effects under certain types of laboratory conditions. A Phase II, open-label, clinical trial in major depressive disorder has reported that a CRF(1) receptor antagonist was safe and effective in reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression. In the second section, a topological approach is used to describe the design strategies employed to produce potent, non-peptidic CRF(1) receptor antagonists. Two main topologies, featuring a center core, a top side-chain, and a pending aromatic ring, can be used to characterize the vast majority of currently known CRF(1) receptor antagonists. By exploiting some of these structural elements, pharmacological, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic properties can be modulated and optimized. However, as a result of a relatively conservative iteration process during the structural optimization, the chemical space presently defined by the existing CRF(1) receptor antagonists still remains fairly narrow. Expanding these structural and topological boundaries, while optimizing the "drug-like" properties of the CRF(1) receptor antagonists, seems to be a common objective across pharmaceutical companies to maximize the chances for a clinical success in the near future.
An Architecture for Virtual Worlds (1992)

This paper presents a system architecture for creating interactive, multisensory, three-dimensional environments called virtual worlds. The architecture specifically addresses the requirements of virtual worlds for high performance, flexibility, and coordination of concurrent events. Performance is enhanced by a distributed client/server system structure and by efficient overlap of processing time and input/output delay. All processes communicate via asynchronous messages. The functional partitioning of a virtual world requires relatively low bandwidth among the individual processes and the system can be implemented over a conventional local-area network. A key element of this architecture is a central, event-driven dialogue manager that coordinates concurrent input and output events. The dialogue manager provides a clear separation of the interaction techniques from the content of the virtual world as defined by the application. The system is flexible and easily reconfigurable. An interaction technique can be readily changed or replaced because each interaction device is modularized into a separate server and each interaction modality into a separate subdialogue. Subdialogues can be loaded and dropped dynamically, enabling input/output device remapping and the selection of interaction techniques while a virtual world is running. As an initial test of this architecture we have implemented a virtual world for interacting with data from a computational fluid dynamics simulation.
Estimation of impurity profiles in ion-implanted amorphous targets using joined half-Gaussian distributions (1973)

A probability distribution function appropriate for nonsymmetrical impurity distributions in ion-implanted targets is defined to consist of two half-Gaussian distributions that join at a modal projected range RM. For projected distances Xp&lt;Rm the distribution has standard deviation σ1, while for Xp&gt;Rm the distribution has standard deviation σ2. For appropriate choices of RM, σ1, and σ2, the proposed distribution is found to provide an extremely good fit for experimental impurity profiles.
DBS and diathermy interaction induces severe CNS damage (2001)

Pulse-modulated radiofrequency diathermy treatment to the maxilla produced permanent diencephalic and brainstem lesions and a vegetative state in a patient with PD with implanted subthalamic electrodes for deep brain stimulation.
Final report to SEMITHERM XIII on the European-funded project DELPHI-the development of libraries and physical models for an integrated design environment (2002)

The accurate prediction of the operating temperatures of critical electronic parts at the component-, board- and system-level is seriously hampered by the lack of reliable, standardised input data. This paper is the final report on the 3-year European collaborative project, named DELPHI, whose goal is to solve the aforementioned problem. The project concerns the creation and experimental validation of thermal models (detailed and compact) of a range of electronic parts including mono-chip packages, heat sinks, electrolytic capacitors, transformers and interfacing materials. The purpose of this paper is to give an account of the principal project results. Fuller details of the topics covered can be found in the papers listed in the DELPHI bibliography that is provided at the end of this paper.
Expression of CYP1B1 in human adult and fetal tissues and differential inducibility of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 by Ah receptor ligands in human placenta and cultured cells (1997)

Expression of the Ah receptor-regulated cytochrome P4501B1 (CYP1B1) gene was studied in human adult and fetal tissues and cells in culture by reverse transcriptase-coupled polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). In adults, CYP1B1 mRNA was detected in liver, lymphocytes, cells of bronchoalveolar lavage samples and uterine endometrium, but not in lung. The level of expression was very low in adult liver and only three out of six fetal livers expressed CYP1B1. Extrahepatic fetal tissues, especially brains and kidneys, expressed high levels of CYP1B1. CYP1B1 mRNA was constitutively detected at a low level in first trimester and full-term placental samples. A competitive RT-PCR assay was developed to assess the regulation of CYP1B1. CYP1B1 mRNA was not induced in placenta by maternal cigarette smoking. Inducibility of CYP1B1 in cells in culture by the Ah receptor ligand 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin was studied in primary fibroblasts and chorion carcinoma cell line JEG-3 having different CYP1A1 induction properties. Inducibility of CYP1B1 was found to be regulated independently from CYP1A1. In JEG-3 cells CYP1A1 mRNA was induced up to 9000-fold, while the expression of CYP1B1 was not affected. Expression of Ah receptor and Ah receptor nuclear translocator (regulators of the CYP1 family) was determined in human placenta and in the JEG-3 cell line. Expression of these transcription factors was found neither to be co-regulated nor affected by Ah receptor ligands. This study provides evidence that in addition to the Ah receptor complex, other cell-specific factors modulate the response of CYP1B1 and CYP1A1 to Ah receptor ligands.
A genomic island in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> carries the determinants of flagellin glycosylation (2001)

Protein glycosylation has been long recognized as an important posttranslational modification process in eukaryotic cells. Glycoproteins, predominantly secreted or surface localized, have also been identified in bacteria. We have identified a cluster of 14 genes, encoding the determinants of the flagellin glycosylation machinery in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK, which we called the flagellin glycosylation island. Flagellin glycosylation can be detected only in bacteria expressing the a-type flagellin sequence variants, and the survey of 30 P. aeruginosa isolates revealed coinheritance of the a-type flagellin genes with at least one of the flagellin glycosylation island genes. Expression of the b-type flagellin in PAK, an a-type strain carrying the glycosylation island, did not lead to glycosylation of the b-type flagellin of PAO1, suggesting that flagellins expressed by b-type bacteria not only lack the glycosylation island, they cannot serve as substrates for glycosylation. Providing the entire glycosylation island of PAK, including its a-type flagellin in a flagellin mutant of a b-type strain, results in glycosylation of the heterologous flagellin. These results suggest that some or all of the 14 genes on the glycosylation island are the genes that are missing from strain PAO1 to allow glycosylation of an appropriate flagellin. Inactivation of either one of the two flanking genes present on this island abolished flagellin glycosylation. Based on the limited homologies of these gene products with enzymes involved in glycosylation, we propose that the island encodes similar proteins involved in synthesis, activation, or polymerization of sugars that are necessary for flagellin glycosylation.
A New Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylmagnesium Halides (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA New Synthesis of Perfluoroalkylmagnesium HalidesE. T. McBee, Robert D. Battershell, and H. P. BraendlinCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 4, 1131–1133Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01039a504https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01039a504research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views268Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sport and poverty (2016)

Living in a disadvantaged area hampers young people’s development: area-based deprivation is strongly related to higher crime, poorer educational achievement, health problems and high levels of disability. These factors have a knock-on effect on the local environment and community spirit, with residents in poor areas experiencing roughly four times more social and environmental problems than residents in more affluent areas. Sport and outdoor physical activity can have a positive impact on young people’s lives, yet youngsters living in disadvantaged areas face many barriers to participation. Anne Power and her team talked to young people and their parents to find out more.
Influence of anisotropy on thermal boundary conductance at solid interfaces (2011)

We investigate the role of anisotropy on interfacial transport across solid interfaces by measuring the thermal boundary conductance from 100 to 500 K across Al/Si and Al/sapphire interfaces with different substrate orientations. The measured thermal boundary conductances show a dependency on substrate crystallographic orientation in the sapphire samples (trigonal conventional cell) but not in the silicon samples (diamond cubic conventional cell). The change in interface conductance in the sapphire samples is ascribed to anisotropy in the Brillouin zone along the principal directions defining the conventional cell. This leads to resultant phonon velocities in the direction of thermal transport that vary nearly 40% based on crystallographic direction.
A non-sequential phase detector for PLL-based high-speed data/clock recovery (2002)

The Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) is a widely used block in data and clock recovery circuits. Phase detectors form a crucial part of the PLL. The requirements for phase detectors used in random data recovery are more stringent than the one used for clock recovery, especially at high-speed. This paper presents a new Phase Detector (PD) that can be used for high-speed random data/clock recovery. In contrast to most existing structures which are speed-limited by sequential logic circuits, it exploits the leading and lagging signals from the VCO which greatly simplifies the PD structure. Using the HSPICE simulator and HP 0.35 u standard CMOS process models, simulation results show that the PD can operate at 2 GHz over the 0/spl deg/C to 100/spl deg/C temperature range and over fast and slow process corners.
Microwave‐Assisted Stereoselective One‐Pot Synthesis of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical 2,5‐Diketopiperazines from Unprotected Amino Acids (2008)

Abstract The facile condensation of unprotected amino acids by a phosphite‐promoted one‐step coupling reaction is a highly efficient synthesis to generate stereoselective and optically pure symmetrical and unsymmetrical functionalized diketopiperazines. The use of microwaves enhanced by small amounts of ionic liquid is accompanied by significant improvement in reaction times and yields. Simple filtration through a pad of silica provides the pure compounds in very good to excellent yields.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Pattern measurements of reflector antennas in the compact range and validation with computer code simulation (1990)

The measurements were performed at the University's compact range facility. They demonstrated: (1) the excellent dynamic range that can be achieved with antenna pattern measurements in a compact range facility; and (2) the excellent validation achieved for the calculated patterns of two 8-ft diameter reflector antennas. The compact range has a rolled edge modification to its reflector and uses a pulsed radar system to eliminate the clutter interference such that a dynamic range of more than 80 dB can be obtained. The measured far field patterns of two 8-ft reflector antennas, a prime focus fed antenna and a Cassegrain antenna, at 11 GHz were compared with those calculated by Ohio State University's Reflector Antenna Code. The computer code simulation's approach is also briefly described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ectoin: An Effective Natural Substance to Prevent UVA-Induced Premature Photoaging (2004)

With the help of a new 'UVA stress model', it was shown that Ectoin protects the skin from the effects of UVA-induced cell damage in a number of different ways. Using cell cultures, high-performance thin-layer chromatography, gel electrophoresis mobility shift assays, reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, ion exchange chromatography and UV spectroscopy, it was demonstrated that the UVA-induced second messenger release, transcription factor AP-2 activation, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 expression and mitochondrial DNA mutation could be prevented. The results obtained clearly demonstrate that Ectoin counteracts the effects of UVA-induced and accelerated skin aging at different cell levels.
Classification Rules for Pre-Analysis Filtering of Web Transactions (2006)

Web usage mining is the process of applying data mining techniques to discover usage patterns from web data to serve the needs of web based organizations. These patterns are usually expressed in the form of association rules. In this paper, we attempt to improve the performance of algorithms for mining web association patterns in terms of runtime and quality of results. We made use of the fact that only a small portion of user sessions lead to the generation of interesting rules. Decision trees were used to extract classification rules describing interesting sessions. These rules were applied on future data to focus the analysis on interesting sessions. The average classification accuracy was 94.29% and the average sensitivity was 28.16%. The use of classification rules caused an average improvement in runtime of 63.13%. The improvement in the precision of the system was not significant. The average improvement in precision was 5.34%. The average recall of the system was 95.06%.
An ‘empirical interpolation’ method: application to efficient reduced-basis discretization of partial differential equations (2004)

We present an efficient reduced-basis discretization procedure for partial differential equations with nonaffine parameter dependence. The method replaces nonaffine coefficient functions with a collateral reduced-basis expansion which then permits an (effectively affine) offline–online computational decomposition. The essential components of the approach are (i) a good collateral reduced-basis approximation space, (ii) a stable and inexpensive interpolation procedure, and (iii) an effective a posteriori estimator to quantify the newly introduced errors. Theoretical and numerical results respectively anticipate and confirm the good behavior of the technique.
A cloud-based intrusion detection system for Android smartphones (2012)

Cloud computing is primarily being use for eliminating the need of local information resources. The ability of cloud provides vast range of services on web. As Smartphone usage has been continuously increasing in recent years, but due to its complexity and functionality, they are also vulnerable to the attacks such as virus, Trojans and worms. The smart phones have limited storage, processing and computational power to execute highly complex algorithms for intrusion detection and implementing signature based attack detection. In this paper, we propose a cloud based intrusion detection and recovery system for Android smart mobile phones that provides continuous in-depth forensic analysis to detect any misbehaviour in network. The mechanism performs analysis on the virtualized and synchronized replica of an actual device in the cloud environment. The analysis on the emulated device includes running multiple detection engines in parallel, memory scanners and system call anomaly detection that generate responses in event of attack. The responses are instructs to mobile agent installed on the device to take essential actions and perform recovery of device if needed.
Microstructural polymorphism in bovine brain galactocerebroside and its two major subfractions (1992)

Aqueous suspensions of either brain galactocerebrosides or its subfraction consisting of alpha-hydroxyacyl galactocerebrosides are mainly composed of vesicles or granular lipid with occasional multilamellar sheets. In aqueous media the other subfraction consisting of non-hydroxyacyl galactocerebrosides forms some helical structures, but most of the lipid remains as granules or vesicles. It is demonstrated that thermal cycling of non-hydroxyacyl galactocerebrosides in polar nonaqueous solvents can greatly enhance the degree of conversion to helical ribbons about 100 nm in diameter. These structures appear to be a stable dehydrated crystalline form of this lipid and are morphologically similar to helical microstructures produced by a few synthetic lipids. On the other hand, similar treatment of unfractionated bovine brain cerebroside and its alpha-hydroxy fatty acyl subfraction quantitatively produces straight needles that appear to be cochleate cylinders. While their dimensions depend on formation conditions, a typical suspension has uniform particles with diameters close to 100 nm and lengths variable from one to a few hundred micrometers. This is the first report demonstrating the quantitative formation of crystalline high axial ratio microstructures from complex mixtures of natural lipids. The different microstructures formed by the two components appear related to the various forms of lipid deposits occurring in lipid storage diseases. The similarity of these "synthetic" microstructures to biological structures in which they are found (such as myelin and intestinal brush border microvilli) strengthens the possibility that galactocerebrosides have a role in stabilizing cylindrical biological structures.
Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia: The Tigray People's Liberation Front, 1975–1991, John Young (2001)

Journal Article Peasant Revolution in Ethiopia: The Tigray People's Liberation Front, 1975–1991, John Young Get access David M. Anderson David M. Anderson School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume 116, Issue 465, February 2001, Pages 291–292, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/116.465.291 Published: 01 February 2001
The intramolecular Heck reaction (1996)

S. E. Gibson (née Thomas) and R. J. Middleton, Contemp. Org. Synth., 1996, 3, 447 DOI: 10.1039/CO9960300447
Barium Carbonate Nanoparticles as Synergistic Catalysts for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction on La<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>Co<sub>0.2</sub>Fe<sub>0.8</sub>O<sub>3−<i>δ</i></sub> Solid‐Oxide Fuel Cell Cathodes (2016)

Abstract Barium carbonate (BaCO 3 ) nanoparticles have been demonstrated to have excellent synergistic catalytic activity for the oxygen reduction reaction on La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3− δ (LSCF) and LSCF‐SDC (SDC=Sm 0.2 Ce 0.8 O 1.9 ), which are typical mixed conducting electrode materials for solid‐oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). The BaCO 3 nanoparticles were deposited into the porous electrodes through an infiltration/impregnation method with barium acetate as the precursor. Electrochemical impedance analysis indicated that BaCO 3 dramatically reduced the resistance associated with the low‐frequency response, which suggests that BaCO 3 greatly enhances the kinetics of the surface reaction process. Electrical conductivity relaxation experiments revealed that BaCO 3 particles enlarged the oxygen chemical surface exchange coefficient by a factor of up to eight. As a result, the interfacial polarization resistance of both the LSCF and LSCF‐SDC electrodes was greatly reduced, from 0.28 and 0.13 to 0.12 and 0.047 Ω cm 2 , respectively, at 700 °C. In addition, the single‐cell performance was also improved and demonstrated peak power density from 0.66 and 0.71 to 0.73 and 0.81 W cm 2 for the LSCF and LSCF‐SDC cathodes, respectively, at 700 °C. The LSCF electrode infiltrated with BaCO 3 nanoparticles also exhibited higher stability than the bare LSCF electrode in tests conducted under typical SOFC conditions for over 340 h of operation.