gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A built-in adjuvant-engineered mucosal vaccine against dysbiotic periodontal diseases (2018)

Periodontitis is associated with a dysbiotic shift in the oral microbiome. Vaccine approaches to prevent microbial shifts from healthy to diseased state in oral biofilms would provide a fundamental therapeutic strategy against periodontitis. Since dental plaque formation is a polymicrobial and multilayered process, vaccines targeting single bacterial species would have limited efficacy in clinical applications. In this study, we developed a divalent mucosal vaccine consisting of a mixture of FlaB-tFomA and Hgp44-FlaB fusion proteins targeting virulence factors of inflammophilic bacteria Fusobacterium nucleatum and Porphyromonas gingivalis, respectively. Introduction of peptide linkers between FlaB and antigen improved the stability and immunogenicity of engineered vaccine antigens. The intranasal immunization of divalent vaccine induced protective immune responses inhibiting alveolar bone loss elicited by F. nucleatum and P. gingivalis infection. The built-in flagellin adjuvant fused to protective antigens enhanced antigen-specific antibody responses and class switch recombination. The divalent vaccine antisera recognized natural forms of surface antigens and reacted with diverse clinical isolates of Fusobacterium subspecies and P. gingivalis. The antisera inhibited F. nucleatum-mediated biofilm formation, co-aggregation of P. gingivalis and Treponema denticola, and P. gingivalis-host cell interactions. Taken together, the built-in adjuvant-engineered mucosal vaccine provides a technological platform for multivalent periodontitis vaccines targeting dysbiotic microbiome.
Performance = flows? : investment insight (2009)

In a recent examination of the flow of investor's cash into and out of the various different fund categories for various different periods. What was concluded was that money was still going into money market funds, even with the recent massive rally in equity markets. In this article I will look at the flows into / out of retail equity funds (Domestic General, Growth, Value and Large Cap funds) and compare this to their performance in order to determine if there is any correlation between the performance of a fund and its resultant flows.
A Comparison of Two- and Four-Electrode Techniques to Characterize Blood Impedance for the Frequency Range of 100 Hz to 100 MHz (2008)

Measurement setups that characterize the impedance of suspensions of blood over the wide frequency range of 100 Hz to 100 MHz are presented in this paper. The performance of the two- and four-electrode techniques have been compared and evaluated. By applying a combination of the two measurement techniques the best result is achieved when taking into account the main nonidealities, such as electrode polarization impedance and parasitic capacitances. It has been found that the conventional three-element model for the impedance of blood can be used for frequencies up to 1 MHz. For frequencies exceeding 1 MHz, an extended model is introduced where a constant phase angle element is used for modeling the cell membrane and a capacitor C(liq) is added for modeling the electrical capacitance of water in blood.
Optimizing center performance through coordinated data staging, scheduling and recovery (2007)

Procurement and the optimized utilization of Petascale supercomputers and centers is a renewed national priority. Sustained performance and availability of such large centers is a key technical challenge significantly impacting their usability. Storage systems are known to be the primary fault source leading to data unavailability and job resubmissions. This results in reduced center performance, partially due to the lack of coordination between I/O activities and job scheduling.
Beneficial effect of erythropoietin on experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (2004)

We have known for a long time that erythropoietin signaling plays a key role in bone marrow erythrocyte proliferation. However, recent studies have indicated that erythropoietin also may have protective effects on the nervous system. This unexpected role remains incompletely characterized. To investigate the potential neuroprotective role of erythropoietin in the central nervous system, we assessed its effects on a well-characterized autoimmune demyelinating model of multiple sclerosis-myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in the mouse. We found that erythropoietin administered intravenously for 14 days after the onset of symptoms reduced both disease severity and duration of maximum impairment at dose levels as low as 50U/kg (p < 0.001). We assessed the neuropathology of diseased spinal cords and found that erythropoietin-treated EAE animals had reduced axonal damage, inflammatory cell infiltration and demyelination, and diminished blood-brain barrier leakage when compared with saline-treated EAE controls. Moreover, the pronounced upregulation of spinal cord major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II expression found in saline-treated EAE was significantly reduced in erythropoietin-treated animals, a finding we replicated in vitro, using microglial cultures. The notion that short-term erythropoietin therapy might be of clinical benefit in human autoimmune demyelinating diseases needs investigation.
Polymer–Temozolomide Conjugates as Therapeutics for Treating Glioblastoma (2018)

A series of polymer-drug conjugates based on 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) was prepared with the glioblastoma drug temozolomide (TMZ) as pendent groups. Random and block copolymers were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization using a TMZ-containing methacrylate monomer. The solution properties of the polyMPC-TMZ copolymers were investigated by dynamic light scattering and transmission electron microscopy, revealing well-defined nanostructures from the block copolymers. Conjugation of TMZ to polyMPC enhanced drug stability, with decomposition half-life values ranging from 2- to 19-times longer than that of free TMZ. The cytotoxicity of polyMPC-TMZ was evaluated in both chemosensitive (U87MG) and chemoresistant (T98G) glioblastoma cell lines. Furthermore, the polyMPC-TMZ platform was expanded considerably by the preparation of redox-sensitive polyMPC-TMZ copolymers utilizing disulfides as the polymer-to-drug linker.
pH-Regulated Chemical Oscillators (2015)

The hydrogen ion is arguably the most ubiquitous and important species in chemistry. It also plays a key role in nearly every biological process. In this Account, we discuss systems whose behavior is governed by oscillations in the concentration of hydrogen ion. The first chemical oscillators driven by changes in pH were developed a quarter century ago. Since then, about two dozen new pH oscillators, systems in which the periodic variation in pH is not just an indicator but an essential prerequisite of the oscillatory behavior, have been discovered. Mechanistic understanding of their behavior has grown, and new ideas for their practical application have been proposed and, in some cases, tested. Here we present a catalog of the known pH oscillators, divide them into mechanistically based categories based on whether they involve a single oxidant and reductant or an oxidant and a pair of reductants, and describe general mechanisms for these two major classes of systems. We also describe in detail the chemistry of one example from each class, hydrogen peroxide-sulfide and ferricyanide-iodate-sulfite. Finally, we consider actual and potential applications. These include using pH oscillators to induce oscillation in species that would otherwise be nonoscillatory, creating novel spatial patterns, generating periodic transitions between vesicle and micelle states, stimulating switching between folded and random coil states of DNA, building molecular motors, and designing pulsating drug delivery systems. We point out the importance for future applications of finding a batch pH oscillator, one that oscillates in a closed system for an extended period of time, and comment on the progress that has been made toward that goal.
Computer-aided modeling, analysis, and design of discrete event systems using Petri nets (2003)

The use of Petri nets for computer-aided design and analysis of discrete-event systems (DES) on the discrete event control level is described. Several CAD packages devoted to different aspects of DES in different environments are described. They include a powerful and user-friendly Petri net graphic editor, a behavior analyzer based on reachability-graph generation or reduction, a performance evaluator based on Markov processes and transfer functions, a simulator of Petri nets using dynamic graphical display, and a supervisory control program generator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A novel network analysis approach reveals DNA damage, oxidative stress and calcium/cAMP homeostasis-associated biomarkers in frontotemporal dementia (2017)

Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is the form of neurodegenerative dementia with the highest prevalence after Alzheimer's disease, equally distributed in men and women. It includes several variants, generally characterized by behavioural instability and language impairments. Although few mendelian genes (MAPT, GRN, and C9orf72) have been associated to the FTD phenotype, in most cases there is only evidence of multiple risk loci with relatively small effect size. To date, there are no comprehensive studies describing FTD at molecular level, highlighting possible genetic interactions and signalling pathways at the origin FTD-associated neurodegeneration. In this study, we designed a broad FTD genetic interaction map of the Italian population, through a novel network-based approach modelled on the concepts of disease-relevance and interaction perturbation, combining Steiner tree search and Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis. Our results show a strong connection between Calcium/cAMP metabolism, oxidative stress-induced Serine/Threonine kinases activation, and postsynaptic membrane potentiation, suggesting a possible combination of neuronal damage and loss of neuroprotection, leading to cell death. In our model, Calcium/cAMP homeostasis and energetic metabolism impairments are primary causes of loss of neuroprotection and neural cell damage, respectively. Secondly, the altered postsynaptic membrane potentiation, due to the activation of stress-induced Serine/Threonine kinases, leads to neurodegeneration. Our study investigates the molecular underpinnings of these processes, evidencing key genes and gene interactions that may account for a significant fraction of unexplained FTD aetiology. We emphasized the key molecular actors in these processes, proposing them as novel FTD biomarkers that could be crucial for further epidemiological and molecular studies.
Justice Breeds Murder: Justice in Diirrenmatt as Theme and as Theatrical Material (1981)

In Durrenmatt's plays "justice is at stake," as Palamedes tells his father in The Blind Man. Durrenmatt tends to examine every situation and every action from the standpoint of justice, discussing such themes as the possibility of changing the world through justice, the perversion and parody of justice in our world, and man's injustice versus the justice of God. As far as his characters are concerned, they are obsessed with it; it is the idea of justice which makes their existence meaningful. "If there is no justice, one parts easily from it [life]," says the man who is about to die in Nighttime Talk With A Despised Man. Durrenmatt's characters fight to their last breaths for their visions of justice, however distorted. For no matter how elevated or debased their aims, their conflicts arise from their pursuits of justice: whether hunting down a criminal, sentencing a son, robbing a bank, seeking revenge, destroying or saving an empire, they all believe themselves to be fighting for justice and order. Some of them, like the old lady in The Visit, seek personal justice for wrongs they have suffered, but most of Durrenmatt's major heroes pursue absolute social and historical justice. The Emperor in Romulus the Great sets himself up as Rome's judge and condemns his corrupt civilization to death in the name of justice. In The Marriage of Mr. Mississippi, Mississippi fights to reinstitute iron Mosaic justice in his unjust and chaotic society. The Bastard in King John uses all the power of his reason to work for justice and order in his war-tom country, whereas Titus of Titus Andronicus seeks justice for Rome as well as for his tortured family.
How Much Grain Can We Grow (1951)

The nation's defense effort calls for high production of corn, oats and other livestock feeds. Here's what Iowa farmers can reasonably do to grow the grain we need.
Some characteristics and partial purification of the Ganoderma lucidum cellulase system. (1994)

The extracellular cellulase system of the white-rotting basidiomycete Ganoderma lucidum was characterised while growing in cellulose-containing shaken liquid culture. The protein content of the culture filtrate reached its maximum after 36 days and cellulase activity at about 60 days. Different cellulase activities (endoglucanase, cellobiohydrolase and beta-glucosidase) were determined in a range of pH extending from 6 to 2. All of the three enzyme activities have at least three peaks between pH 6 and 2, although optimum points of the different enzymes are slightly different, showing that the enzyme complex consists of a number of enzymes and isozymes. Partial purification of the enzyme complex was carried out by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. Using 0-3 M linear urea gradient, protein was eluted in one sharp peak corresponding mainly to beta-glucosidase activity. Comparing crude extracellular protein with that of purified by the column using PAGE indicated that this method was suitable for the separation and partial purification of one type of Ganoderma cellulases.
An Efficient Rectification Algorithm for Multi-View Images in Parallel Camera Array (2008)

In this paper, we present an efficient rectification algorithm for multi-view images captured by a parallel camera array. Since conventional stereo image rectification methods did not consider three or more cameras simultaneously, we propose an algorithm to rectify multi-view images at the same time. We calculate the common baseline considering all camera positions and apply the rectifying transformation defined by camera rotations and camera intrinsic parameters. From our experiments, we have found that the proposed method rectifies multi-view images efficiently. Rectified images have uniform horizontal disparities and no vertical mismatches between adjacent views.
Artificial neural networks for parameter estimation in geophysics (2000)

Artificial neural systems have been used in a variety of problems in the fields of science and engineering. Here we describe a study of the applicability of neural networks to solving some geophysical inverse problems. In particular, we study the problem of obtaining formation resistivities and layer thicknesses from vertical electrical sounding (VES) data and that of obtaining 1D velocity models from seismic waveform data. We use a two‐layer feedforward neural network (FNN) that is trained to predict earth models from measured data. Part of the interest in using FNNs for geophysical inversion is that they are adaptive systems that perform a non‐linear mapping between two sets of data from a given domain. In both of our applications, we train FNNs using synthetic data as input to the networks and a layer parametrization of the models as the network output. The earth models used for network training are drawn from an ensemble of random models within some prespecified parameter limits. For network training we use the back‐propagation algorithm and a hybrid back‐propagation–simulated‐annealing method for the VES and seismic inverse problems, respectively. Other fundamental issues for obtaining accurate model parameter estimates using trained FNNs are the size of the training data, the network configuration, the description of the data and the model parametrization. Our simulations indicate that FNNs, if adequately trained, produce reasonably accurate earth models when observed data are input to the FNNs.
Internet traffic, QoS, and pricing (2004)

Based on an analysis of the statistical nature of IP traffic and the way this impacts the performance of voice, video, and data services, we question the appropriateness of commonly proposed quality-of-service mechanisms. This paper presents the main points of this analysis. We also discuss pricing issues and argue that many proposed schemes are overly concerned with congestion control to the detriment of the primary pricing function of return on investment. Finally, we propose an alternative flow-aware networking architecture based on a novel router design called cross-protect. In this architecture, performance requirements are satisfied without explicit service differentiation, creating a particularly simple platform for the converged network.
Immunobiology of Transfusion Medicine (1993)

Immunochemistry of Antigens on Erythrocytes, Leukocytes, and Platelets Carbohydrate-Associated Blood Group Antigens: The ABO, H/Se, and Lewis Loci, John B. Lowe Glycophorins: Structures and Antigens, Dominique Blanchard and Wolfgang Dahr Sialic Acid-Dependent Red Blood Cell Antigens, Dieter Roelcke Erythrocyte Blood Group Antigens Associated with Phosphatidylinositol Glycan-Linked Proteins, Marilyn J. Telen The Rh Blood Groups, Peter D. Issitt Platelet and Neutrophil Alloantigens: Their Nature and Role in Immune-Mediated Cytopenias, A. E. G. Kr. von dem Borne, S. Simsek, C. E. van der Schoot, and R. Goldschmeding Cellular and Molecular Biology of Senescent Cell Antigen, Marguerite M. B. Kay Associations of Blood Groups with Disease Do Blood Groups Have a Biological Role?, George Garratty Associations of Red Blood Cell Membrane Abnormalities with Blood Group Phenotype, Marion E. Reid Association of Blood Group Antigens with Immunologically Important Proteins, Joann M. Moulds Use of Hematopoietic Cells and Markers for the Detection and Quantitation of Human In Vivo Somatic Mutation, Stephen G. Grant and Ronald H. Jensen Red Cell Antibodies Immunological and Physicochemical Nature of Antigen-Antibody Interactions, Carel J. van Oss Monoclonal Antibodies to Human Red Blood Cell Blood Group Antigens, Marion L. Scott and Douglas Voak Structural Analyses of Red Blood Cell Autoantibodies, Don L. Siegel and Leslie E. Silberstein Immune Destruction of Cells Complement in Transfusion Medicine, John Freedman and John W. Semple Macrophage-Mediated Cell Destruction, Peter Horsewood and John G. Kelton Cellular Immunoassays and Their Use for Predicting the Clinical Significance of Antibodies, Barbara Zupanska Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia, George Garratty Drug-Induced Immune Hemolytic Anemia, George Garratty Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn, John M. Bowman Alloimmune Refractoriness to Transfused Platelets, Sherrill J. Slichter The Effect of Transfusion on the Immune Response Transfusion-Induced Graft-Versus-Host Disease, Kathleen Sazama and Paul V. Holland Retroviral Infections and the Immune Response, Harry E. Prince
Texture development in IBAD MgO films as a function of deposition thickness and rate (2001)

We have examined the effect of film thickness on in-plane texture for ion-beam assisted deposition (IBAD) of MgO films. Plan-view dark-field transmission electron microscopy (TEM) has revealed that texture develops rapidly, reaching its best value at a critical thickness of/spl sim/10 nm. These results have been confirmed by quantifying the in-plane texture of these samples at each thickness with X-ray diffraction /spl phi/-scans. We have also examined the effects of variable deposition rate on texture formation. X-ray diffraction shows that the optimum in-plane texture is achieved at the critical thickness with a rate of 0.2 nm/s. However, TEM imaging has shown that the distribution of well-aligned grains decreases with an increase in rate. As such, deposition at 0.1 nm/s was found to be sufficient for achieving good in-plane distribution values and good surface coverage for subsequent depositions. By combining the results of both of these experiments, we were then able to optimize our deposition process and apply them to the growth of IBAD MgO on metal substrates.
Syntheses with Radicals—CC Bond Formation via Organotin and Organomercury Compounds [New Synthetic Methods (52)] (1985)

Abstract CC bond formation is one of the most important synthetic steps in the construction of organic molecules. In the last few years it has been increasingly achieved by radical addition to alkenes. In such reactions the adduct radicals have to be trapped by an donor subsequent to the CC bond formation in order to prevent polymerization. This task can be accomplished with organotin and organomercury hydrides, the use of which has led to new synthetic methods. The occurrence of radical chain reactions in which reactions take place between radicals and nonradicals is decisive for the success of the synthesis. In these cases small amounts of radical initiators suffice and numerous functional groups may be used in the CC bond‐forming reactions. The yields and selectivities of these radical reactions are often very high.
Network configuration management : paving the way to network agility. (2007)

Sandia networks consist of nearly nine hundred routers and switches and nearly one million lines of command code, and each line ideally contributes to the capabilities of the network to convey information from one location to another. Sandia's Cyber Infrastructure Development and Deployment organizations recognize that it is therefore essential to standardize network configurations and enforce conformance to industry best business practices and documented internal configuration standards to provide a network that is agile, adaptable, and highly available. This is especially important in times of constrained budgets as members of the workforce are called upon to improve efficiency, effectiveness, and customer focus. Best business practices recommend using the standardized configurations in the enforcement process so that when root cause analysis results in recommended configuration changes, subsequent configuration auditing will improve compliance to the standard. Ultimately, this minimizes mean time to repair, maintains the network security posture, improves network availability, and enables efficient transition to new technologies. Network standardization brings improved network agility, which in turn enables enterprise agility, because the network touches all facets of corporate business. Improved network agility improves the business enterprise as a whole.
FULL‐FAT SOY FLOUR EXTRUSION COOKED: PROPERTIES AND FOOD USES (1971)

SUMMARY– Full‐fat soy flours prepared by the extrusion process were shown to have good nutritive value, flavor, and stability. A flour cooked to a nitrogen solubility index (NSI) of 30 stored well, but the addition of tertiary butyl hydroquinone was necessary to prevent rancidity in flours cooked to 19 and 11 NSI values. The 30 NSI flour was more yellow than a commercial flour cooked to the same degree by a different process. When soy flours were compared in bread to 3 and 6% nonfat dry milk on an equivalent protein, fat, and reducing sugar basis, baking properties were similar. At 15 and 20% levels of soy flour, loaf volume decreased less with the extruded products than with nonextrusion‐processed soy flour.