gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimating the global ozone characteristics during the last 30 years (1995)

All available total ozone data from over 150 past and present Global Ozone Observing System (GO 3 OS) stations, after careful quality control and reevaluation, have been analyzed in order to deduce the basic global ozone characteristics both for pre‐ozone‐hole and during “ozone hole” time periods. Utilizing Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) data, the longitudinal inhomogeneity of the total ozone distribution was estimated. That permitted the use of ground‐based data for establishing long‐term zonal as well as hemispheric and global ozone variations for the 1964–1994 period. The difference between the estimations of monthly zonal variations from ground‐based and TOMS data for the overlapping period of 1979–1993 is less than 1% in latitudes 40°S–60°N. The ozone changes are several times larger than possible errors of the estimated values; therefore the results are highly reliable. They show that the northern hemisphere average ozone was ∼312 and the southern average was ∼300 matm cm in the pre‐ozone‐hole decades (1964–1980) and that the global average for the 1984–1993 period was lower by ∼3% (from 306.4±1.0 down to 297.7±2.2 matm cm). The southern hemisphere contributed ∼64% of the overall ozone decline. The levels of annual ozone maximum have been reduced by 5.8% in the southern hemisphere and 3.2% in the northern hemisphere, and the levels of ozone minimum have been reduced by 2.1% and 1.2%, respectively. The ozone trends for midlatitudinal bands (35–65°) show a pronounced seasonal dependence varying from ∼3% to 8 % (and even more for the southern hemisphere) for the cumulative decline since 1970. The ozone decline calculated in percent per decade from 1980 is almost twice as large as the decline calculated from 1970. The cumulative year‐round global ozone decline is 4.8±0.6%; however, the cumulative year‐round decline over middle and polar latitudes is more than 7%. The advantages of establishing ozone “norms” for estimations of long‐term ozone variations from ground‐based data are emphasized.
Studies on in vitro dissolution kinetics of #alpha#-TCP bone cement (2004)

Dissolution kinetics of α-Tricalcium phosphate (α-TCP) bone cement in physiological saline dissolution is studied in the present paper. It shows that the dissolution process of α-TCP bone cement in static physiological saline accords with Avrami kinetic model equation: -ln(1-x)= kt 1/2,its activation energy is about 9.87kJ/mol.The process is controlled by diffusion of forming hydroxyapatite (HA) solid layer.
Effects of Ilex Paraguariensis Polyphenols on Magnesium Absortion and Iron Bioavailability: Preliminary Study (2018)

Yerba maté (Ilex paraguariensis) is a native plant of South America widely consumed as hot infusion. It is a vegetable that has many bioactive compounds, such as caffeine, theobromine theophylline and saponins, phenolic compounds, mainly chlorogenic acids and dicaffeoylquinic acids, and minerals as Fe, Ca, K y Mg, which have many beneficial properties for the health. Polyphenols have the property of chelating the transition metals, as iron and magnesium, decreasing their bioavailability. Iron deficiency anaemia and subclinical hypomagnesemia is observed in the American population. Women at childbearing age belong to a specially vulnerable group. The aim of this work was to evaluate the "in vivo" effect of the polyphenols from yerba maté infusions, consumed in their traditional form, on the bioavailability of Fe and Mg in the diet. Eleven healhty young female volunteers participated in the magnesium and iron study. After the first blood sample was taken (time 0), the volunteers ingested 300 mL of yerba maté infusions, ferrous sulfate or yerba maté infusions plus ferrous sulfate at50 °C in no more than 5 minutes. They remained seated at a comfortable temperature throughout the study. Blood samples were taken 20, 40, 50, 60, 80, 100 and 120 minutes after ingestion.The yerba maté infusions prepared in their traditional form of “hot maté”, which containining an average of 4.68 ± 0.54 GAE/L of polyphenols, have an inhibitory effect on the bioavailability of the magnesium and mainly on non-heminic Fe consumed as ferrous sulphate of the 76 ± 10 % .
Molecular analysis of the linear 2.3 kb plasmid of maize mitochondria: apparent capture of tRNA genes (1989)

The nucleotide sequence and transcription pattern of the linear 2.3 kb plasmid of maize mitochondria was analyzed in order to elucidate its possible function in the organelle. The plasmid has 170 bp inverted repeats at its termini composed, in turn, of shorter repetitive sequences. An open reading frame within the plasmid is transcribed and can potentially specify a 33 kD product. In addition the plasmid contains two tRNA genes homologous to chloroplast sequences; the tRNApro(CAA) and the tRNAtrp(UGG). Both of the tRNA genes of the plasmid are transcribed, but apparently only the tRNAtrp is processed to the correct size. These tRNA sequences are found in the main mitochondrial genome of all higher plants tested, and in most maize relatives. An exception is the close maize relative Northern teosinte in which the tRNAtrp gene is also carried on a plasmid. These results suggest that the 2.3 kb plasmid has acquired the tRNA sequences from the main mitochondrial DNA. It is possible that the plasmid-encoded tRNAtrp gene is essential for organelle function thereby ensuring the maintenance of the plasmid in the mitochondrion.
Altered Development of Immunocompetence Following Prenatal or Combined Prenatal-Postnatal Insult: A Timely Review (1984)

There is an unequal distribution of interest between assessment of immunocompetence at the adult level following the administration of various agents/protocols and evaluation of immunocompetence postnatally subsequent to prenatal insult. This paper reviews the effects of dietary manipulation, selected pharmaceuticals, and certain environmental agents on the functional status of the postnatal immune system after in utero exposure to these agents and protocols. These data are discussed in light of what has also been observed for adult exposure to the same or similar experimental design. A discussion of congenital disorders of immunocompetence is also provided. Alteration in the development of postnatal immunocompetence following prenatal insult may manifest itself in several ways, some of which may reflect a permanent defect while others may be of a transient nature. In either instance, however, it behooves scientists in all arenas to (1) determine the precise nature and magnitude of such developmentally related immunologic deficits and (2) focus on the selection and standardization of the most relevant procedures to be employed in the assessment of immunocompetence.
Conhecimento e aprendizagem a atualidade de Paulo Freire (2007)

The aim of this paper was to outline some of the controversial aspects of knowledge and learning in order to point out their political reconstructive meaning, thus restoring the consolidated tradition of Paulo Freire, namely the emancipative meaning of its proposal: to undo the condition of maneuvering mass of the great majority of the population on account of their ignorance. Based on the literature relevant to the field of education and on an analysis of it, the author discusses the meaning of knowledge and the methods and resources of conveying it, while condemning reproductive, intructionist didactics. The author also states that the main measures of learning should be to know how to think and to learn how to learn, which will eventually turn schools into centers of change that will lead society to the knowledge era. In addition, the author considers that it is difficult to direct knowledge’s decisive energy in favor of the excluded population, even though he considers it to be the main function of a political education. In conclusion, the author states that political poverty is even more serious than material poverty as it reveals the inner functioning of the dialectical contradiction in real history, made of privileged minorities that exploit ignorant majorities.
The diacetamidodideoxyuronic-acid-containing glycan chain of Bacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a represents the secondary cell-wall polymer of wild-type B. stearothermophilus strains (1999)

The diacetamidodideoxymannuronic-acid-containing glycan of Bacillus stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a with the repeating unit structure [-->4)-beta-D-ManpA2,3(NAc)2-(1-->6)-alpha-D-Glcp-(1-->4)-beta-D-+ ++ManpA2,3 (NAc)2-(1-->3)-alpha-D-GlcpNAc-(1-->], was examined to identify its linkage to the bacterial cell wall. In a previous paper it was suggested that this glycan is covalently linked to the surface layer (S-layer) glycoprotein of that organism. By improved chromatographic techniques (gel permeation over Sephacryl S-1000 SF; C4 reversed-phase HPLC) the diacetamidodideoxyuronic-acid-containing material was completely separated from the S-layer glycoprotein. This implicates only low, if any, specific affinity between these cell-wall components. To obtain sufficient amounts for the chemical characterization of its linkage region, the identical diacetamidodideoxyuronic-acid-containing material was isolated from sonicated cells of that organism by a purification procedure different to that for preparation of S-layers. This method allowed collection of the intact molecule including its linkage region. From the combined results of the chemical characterization and 600 MHz NMR spectroscopy it is proposed that the diacetamidodideoxyuronic-acid-containing glycan chain, consisting of approximately six tetrasaccharide repeating units, is directly linked via a pyrophosphate bridge to carbon 6 of muramic acid residues of the peptidoglycan sacculus. About 20-25% of the muramic acid residues are substituted with these polysaccharide chains. Thus, the diacetamidodideoxyuronic-acid-containing glycan represents a secondary cell-wall polymer of B. stearothermophilus NRS 2004/3a.
Reagentless enzyme electrodes for ethanol, lactate, and malate (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReagentless enzyme electrodes for ethanol, lactate, and malateW. J. Blaedel and R. C. EngstromCite this: Anal. Chem. 1980, 52, 11, 1691–1697Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50061a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50061a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views181Altmetric-Citations58LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Late complications after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation for leukaemia. (1990)

Late effects of bone marrow transplantation are of clinical concern as more patients survive the early phase after transplantation and remain free of their original disease. Late effects express themselves as structural or functional impairment of organs or tissues or as neoplastic growth secondary to the primary treatment. Non-neoplastic late effects affect growth and development of children, endocrine and reproductive function, and the function of eyes, lungs, kidneys and other organs. Secondary neoplasms comprise malignant lymphoma and leukaemia, many of them in donor cells, that occur early after transplantation. The incidence of solid tumours is increased years after transplantation. At present the risk of secondary neoplasms after transplantation appears not to be different from that of intensive chemoradiotherapy without transplantation. In contrast to conventional chemoradiotherapy secondary malignancies of the host's haemopoiesis are rare due to the myeloablative conditioning. The incidence of solid tumours may increase as more patients survive more than a decade after transplantation.
MicroRNA-Directed Regulation of Arabidopsis <i>AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17</i> Is Essential for Proper Development and Modulates Expression of Early Auxin Response Genes (2005)

The phytohormone auxin plays critical roles during plant growth, many of which are mediated by the auxin response transcription factor (ARF) family. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), endogenous 21-nucleotide riboregulators, target several mRNAs implicated in auxin responses. miR160 targets ARF10, ARF16, and ARF17, three of the 23 Arabidopsis thaliana ARF genes. Here, we describe roles of miR160-directed ARF17 posttranscriptional regulation. Plants expressing a miRNA-resistant version of ARF17 have increased ARF17 mRNA levels and altered accumulation of auxin-inducible GH3-like mRNAs, YDK1/GH3.2, GH3.3, GH3.5, and DFL1/GH3.6, which encode auxin-conjugating proteins. These expression changes correlate with dramatic developmental defects, including embryo and emerging leaf symmetry anomalies, leaf shape defects, premature inflorescence development, altered phyllotaxy along the stem, reduced petal size, abnormal stamens, sterility, and root growth defects. These defects demonstrate the importance of miR160-directed ARF17 regulation and implicate ARF17 as a regulator of GH3-like early auxin response genes. Many of these defects resemble phenotypes previously observed in plants expressing viral suppressors of RNA silencing and plants with mutations in genes important for miRNA biogenesis or function, providing a molecular rationale for phenotypes previously associated with more general disruptions of miRNA function.
Tapered semiconductor optical power amplifiers and oscillators (2002)

Summary form only given. Tapered AlGaAs quantum well (QW) semiconductor optical amplifiers have made possible compact, efficient, all semiconductor cw optical sources with high brightness. At 980 nm wavelength, cw output power over 3 W in a nearly single-lobed, nearly diffraction-limited beam has been demonstrated in a master-oscillator/power-amplifier configuration requiring less than 100 mW of amplifier input power.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Multilink PPP (1999)

One Big Virtual WAN Pipe: MLPPP gives network managers the power to deliver WAN bandwidth on demand using an array of services
Forum: From 100 Milliwatts/MIPS to 10 Microwatts/MIPS. (1994)

Fas-FasL and PKC signaling pathways, as well as Ca2+, may mediate the dysfunction of trophoblast infiltration, which leads to recurrent spontaneous abortion.
Thymidylate synthase activity and the cell growth are inhibited by the ?-carboline-benzoquinolizidine alkaloid deoxytubulosine (1998)

Employing thymidylate synthase (TS) (5, 10-CH2-H4PteGlu: dUMP C-methyltransferase, EC 2.1.1.45), a key target enzyme in chemotherapy, the biological activity of the beta-carboline-benzoquinolizidine alkaloid deoxytubulosine (DTB) isolated from the Indian medicinal plant Alangium lamarckii has been evaluated and assessed for the first time. The TS employed in the present studies was purified from Lactobacillus leichmannii. The DTB was demonstrated to exhibit potent cytotoxicity and inhibited the cell growth of L. leichmannii, and DTB potently inhibited TS activity (IC50 = 40 microM). The DTB concentrations > 80 microM resulted in a total loss of the TS activity, thus suggesting that the beta-carboline-benzoquinolizidine alkaloid is a promising potential antitumor agent. The DTB binding to TS appears to be irreversible and tight through a possible covalent linkage. Although DTB strongly binds to DNA, it is not known whether DTB binds to RNA associated with TS. Inhibition kinetics showed that TS has a Ki value of 7 x 10(-6) M for DTB and that the inhibition is a simple linear "noncompetitive" type.
Manipulating Nanoparticles in Solution with Electrically Contacted Nanotubes Using Dielectrophoresis (2004)

Dielectrophoresis is an electronic analogue1,2 of optical tweezers3 based on the same physical principle: an ac electric field induces a dipole moment on an object in solution, which then experiences a force proportional to the gradient of the field intensity. For both types of tweezers, this force must compete with thermal Brownian4 motion to be effective, which becomes increasingly difficult as the particle size approaches the nanometer scale. Here we show that this restriction can be overcome by using the large electric field gradient in the vicinity of a carbon nanotube to electronically manipulate nanoparticles down to 2 nm in diameter.
Scalable cryptographic key management in wireless sensor networks (2004)

We propose a scalable key management scheme for sensor networks consisting of a large-scale random deployment of commodity sensor nodes that are anonymous. The proposed scheme relies on a location-based virtual network infrastructure and is built upon a combinatorial formulation of the group key management problem. Primary features of our scheme include autonomously computing group keys, and dynamically computing, using a simple hash function, the mapping of nodes to group keys. The scheme scales well in the size of the network and supports dynamic setup and management of arbitrary structures of secure group communications in large-scale wireless sensor network.
Physiological models to understand exercise fatigue and the adaptations that predict or enhance athletic performance (2000)

A popular concept in the exercise sciences holds that fatigue develops during exercise of moderate to high intensity, when the capacity of the cardiorespiratory system to provide oxygen to the exercising muscles falls behind their demand inducing "anaerobic" metabolism. But this cardiovascular/anaerobic model is unsatisfactory because (i) a more rigorous analysis indicates that the first organ to be affected by anaerobiosis during maximal exercise would likely be the heart, not the skeletal muscles. This probability was fully appreciated by the pioneering exercise physiologists, A. V Hill, A. Bock and D. B. Dill, but has been systematically ignored by modern exercise physiologists; (ii) no study has yet definitely established the presence of either anaerobiosis, hypoxia or ischaemia in skeletal muscle during maximal exercise; (iii) the model is unable to explain why exercise terminates in a variety of conditions including prolonged exercise, exercise in the heat and at altitude, and in those with chronic diseases of the heart and lungs, without any evidence for skeletal muscle anaerobiosis, hypoxia or ischaemia, and before there is full activation of the total skeletal muscle mass, and (iv) cardiovascular and other measures believed to relate to skeletal muscle anaerobiosis, including the maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) and the "anaerobic threshold", are indifferent predictors of exercise capacity in athletes with similar abilities. This review considers four additional models that need to be considered when factors limiting either short duration, maximal or prolonged submaximal exercise are evaluated. These additional models are: (i) the energy supply/energy depletion model; (ii) the muscle power/muscle recruitment model; (iii) the biomechanical model and (iv) the psychological model. By reviewing features of these models, this review provides a broad overview of the physiological, metabolic and biomechanical factors that may limit exercise performance under different exercise conditions. A more complete understanding of fatigue during exercise, and the relevance of the adaptations that develop with training, requires that the potential relevance of each model to fatigue under different conditions of exercise must be considered.
Reliability analysis - a tool set for improving business processes (2010)

A methodology for applying reliability tools to business processes is presented as a means of controlling and/or reducing costs. The concept of a failure cost distribution and using it to prioritize analysis and corrective action is presented. In general, the use of reliability tools to prevent business process failures is a cost effective approach.
Protective effects of analogs of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone against x-radiation-induced testicular damage in rats. (1987)

Possible protective effects of the agonist [D-Trp6]LH-RH (analog of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone in which Gly-6 is replaced by D-tryptophan) and antagonist N-Ac-[D-Phe(pCI)1,2,D-Trp3,D-Arg6,D-Ala10]LH-RH against testicular damage caused by x-radiation were investigated in rats. Three months after being subjected to x-irradiation of the testes with 415 or 622 rads, control rats showed marked reduction in the weights of the testes and elevated levels of LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), indicating tubular damage. Histological studies demonstrated that, in testes of rats given 415 rads, most seminiferous tubules had only Sertoli cells and no germinal cells, and, in the group given 622 rads, the depression of spermatogenesis was even more marked. Rats pretreated for 50 days with LH-RH antagonist (1000 micrograms/kg of body weight per day) showed a complete recovery of testicular weights and spermatogenesis 3 months after 415 rads and showed partial recovery after 622 rads, and LH and FSH levels returned to normal in both of these groups. Thus, pretreatment of rats with LH-RH antagonist, by reversibly inhibiting gonadal function, protected the germinal cells of the testes against damaging effects of x-rays. Three experiments were also carried out in which the rats were pretreated for 1-2 months with long-acting microcapsules of the agonist [D-Trp6]LH-RH, liberating 25 micrograms of the agonist per day. Some rats were then subjected to gonadal irradiation with 415 or 622 rads and allowed a recovery period of 2-4 months. In spite of pretreatment with [D-Trp6]LH-RH, testicular weights were significantly lower and LH or FSH levels were elevated in the irradiated groups as compared with nonirradiated controls. The recovery of spermatogenesis was incomplete, and there was a decrease in the number of germinal cells after 415 rads and especially after 622 rads. On the basis of testicular weights, histology, and gonadotropin levels, it could be concluded that the agonist [D-Trp6]LH-RH did not protect the rat testes exposed to 622 rads and, at most, only partially protected against 415 rads. These results suggest that pretreatment with LH-RH antagonists and possibly agonists, might decrease the testicular damage caused by radiation and accelerate the recovery of reproductive functions.
Genetic and molecular aspects of spinocerebellar ataxias (2005)

The group of spinocerebellar ataxias (SCAs) includes more than 20 subgroups based only on genetic research. The "ataxia genes" are autosomal; the "disease-alleles" are dominant, and many of them, but not all, encode a protein with an abnormally long polyglutamine domain. In DNA, this domain can be detected as an elongated CAG repeat region, which is the basis of genetic diagnostics. The polyglutamine tails often tend to aggregate and form inclusions. In some cases, protein-protein interactions are the key to understanding the disease. Protein partners of ataxia proteins include phosphatases and components of chromatin and the transcriptional machinery. To date, investigation of spinocerebellar ataxias involves population genetics, molecular methods, and studying model organisms. However, there is still no efficient therapy for patients. Here, we review the genetic and molecular data gained on spinocerebellar ataxias.