gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Significance of the Formation of Calcium Carbonate Minerals in the Pedogenesis and Management of Cracking Clay Soils (Vertisols) of India (2002)

Abstract Micromorphological studies were performed in order to understand the factors and processes involved in the formation of calcium carbonate (CaCO 3 ) in twenty three soil series of Vertisols representing sub-humid, semi-arid and arid climatic regions of Peninsular India. The study indicates that Vertisols contain both pedogenic calcium carbonate (PC) and non-pedogenic calcium carbonate (NPC) irrespective of the ecosystems to which they belong. The NPCs are part of the parent material of Vertisols. Dissolution of NPCs and recrystallization of dissolved Ca 2+ ions are responsible for the formation of PCs. Vertisols of arid and semi-arid climates contain more PC in their soil control section (SCS) than those of sub-humid climates. Formation of PC is the prime chemical reaction responsible for the increase in pH, the decrease in the Ca/Mg ratio of exchange site with depth and in the development of subsoil sodicity. Petrographic and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of quartz, feldspars and micas indicate little or no alteration, discounting the possibile formation of smectite during Vertisol formation. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of clays indicates that smectites of Vertisols are fairly well crystallized and do not show any sign of transformation except for hydroxy interlayering. The preservation of the crystallinity of smectite and the lack of transformation of primary minerals thus validate the hypothesis of positive entropy change during the formation of Vertisols. The precise cause-effect relationship between CaCO 3 of pedogenic and non-pedogenic origin, and exchangeable Mg, Na and Ca percentages (EMP, ESP and ECP) has been established in the study. This indicates that impoverishment of Ca 2+ ions on the exchange sites of Vertisols needs to be controlled by rehabilitation methods that can replenish Ca 2+ ions, and thus the study provides relevant information for future land resource management programmes not only on Vertisols of India but also on similar soils occurring elsewhere.
A robust adaptive beamformer for microphone arrays with a blocking matrix using constrained adaptive filters (2002)

This paper proposes a new robust adaptive beamformer applicable to microphone arrays. The proposed beamformer is a generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) with a variable blocking matrix using coefficient-constrained adaptive digital filters (CCADFs). The CCADFs minimize leakage of target signal into the interference path of the GSC. Each coefficient of the CCADFs is constrained to avoid mistracking. The input signal to all the CCADFs is the output of a fixed beamformer. In a multiple-input canceller, leaky ADFs are used to decrease undesirable target-signal cancellation. The proposed beamformer can allow large look-direction error with almost no degradation in interference-reduction performance and can be implemented with a small number of microphones. The maximum allowable look-direction error can be specified by the user. Simulation results show that the proposed beamformer designed to allow about 20 degrees of look-direction error can suppress interference by more than 17 dB.
Over 550 V breakdown voltage of InAlN/GaN HEMT on Si (2013)

Abstract InAlN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) on Si substrate with a high breakdown voltage is reported. The observed off‐state breakdown voltage was over 550 V and the specific on‐state resistance was 0.7 mΩcm 2 in the fabricated device with the spacing between the gate and drain (L gd ) of 8 µm. After the measurement, the device was found not to be broken when it was observed by an optical microscope. The off‐state breakdown voltage might be about 550 V in the device with L gd of 5 µm, because the increase of the off‐state leakage current was observed at the drain voltage of 550 V. If the off‐state breakdown voltage was proportional to L gd , the speculated off‐state breakdown voltage from this result was 880 V in the device with L gd of 8 µm. Therefore, InAlN/GaN HEMTs have potential for application as power electronics devices. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
[A novel synthesis of olmesartan medoxomil and examination of its related impurities]. (2006)

A novel synthetic route for olmesartan medoxomil was developed successfully. The olmesartan medoxomil regio-isomer is reported for the first time.
The metabolic impact of improving diurnal cortisol exposure in patients with adrenal insufficiency (2010)

The metabolic impact of improving diurnal cortisol exposure in patients with adrenal insufficiency
Sphingosine 1-Phosphate, a Diffusible Calcium Influx Factor Mediating Store-operated Calcium Entry (2003)

Store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) is a fundamental mechanism of calcium signaling. The mechanisms linking store depletion to SOCE remain controversial, hypothetically involving both diffusible messengers and conformational coupling of stores to channels. Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a bioactive sphingolipid that can signal via cell surface G-protein-coupled receptors, but S1P can also act as a second messenger, mobilizing calcium directly via unknown mechanisms. We show here that S1P opens calcium entry channels in human neutrophils (PMNs) and HL60 cells without prior store depletion, independent of G-proteins and of phospholipase C. S1P-mediated entry has the typical divalent cation permeability profile and inhibitor profile of SOCE in PMNs, is fully inhibited by 1 microm Gd3+, and is independent of [Ca2+]i. Depletion of PMN calcium stores by thapsigargin induces S1P synthesis. Inhibition of S1P synthesis by dimethylsphingosine blocks thapsigargin-, ionomycin-, and platelet-activating factor-mediated SOCE despite normal store depletion. We propose that S1P is a "calcium influx factor," linking calcium store depletion to downstream SOCE.
Wall Pressure Fluctuations and Acoustics in Turbulent Pipe Flow (1986)

Measurements of the turbulent boundary layer (TBL) wall pressure spectrum and the facility's propagating acoustic field were conducted in the Boundary Layer Research Facility. Subminiature, piezoresistive-type pressure transducers were used. Detailed calibration of the pressure transducers was performed using a standing wave tube. Measured sensitivities of the transducers were within 0.5 dB of factory specifications and measured phase differences between individual transducers were insignificant. The TBL wall pressure spectrum was obtained using a novel signal-processing technique that allowed a minimization of both acoustic and vibration-induced noise. This technique uses pairs of transducer difference signals from an exisymmetric array of three flush-mounted pressure sensors and permits cancellation of the propagating acoustic and vibrationally induced pressure fields. A measurement involving the coherence function between these transducer signals was shown to validate the measured TBL wall pressure spectra and all assumptions used in developing the measurement technique. Non-dimensionalized spectra of the TBL fluctuating wall pressure measured in this investigation are compared to those measured previously. These comparisons substantiated a maximum, normalized transducer diameter for the complete resolution of the high-frequency part of the TBL wall pressure spectrum. In this study, using glycerine as the working fluid, the transducer diameter is less than wall units, a factor of smaller than ever before achieved.
Magnetic Fields in the Treatment Of Parkinson's Disease (1992)

Levodopa-induced dyskinesias are a common complication of chronic dopaminergic therapy in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The overall prevalence of levodopa-induced dyskinesias ranges from 40%-90% and is related to the underlying disease process, pharmacologic factors, and to the duration of high dose levodopa therapy. The mechanisms underlying the emergence of levodopa-induced dyskinesias are unknown, although most investigators favor the theory that striatal dopamine receptor supersensitivity is directly responsible for the development of these abnormal movements. In laboratory animals, the pineal hormone melatonin has been shown to regulate striatal dopaminergic activity and block levodopa-induced dyskinesias (Cotzias et al., 1971). Since the pineal gland is known to be a magnetosensitive organ and as application of external magnetic fields has been shown to alter melatonin secretion, we studied the effects of application of external artificial weak magnetic fields in a Parkinsonian patient with severe levodopa-induced dyskinesias ("on-off"). Application of weak magnetic fields with a frequency of 2 Hz and intensity of 7.5 picotesla (pT) for a 6 minute period resulted in a rapid and dramatic attenuation of Parkinsonian disability and an almost complete resolution of the dyskinesias. This effect persisted for about 72 hours after which the patient regressed to his pretreatment state. To ascertain if the responses elicited in the laboratory were reproducible, the patient was instructed to apply magnetic fields of the same characteristics daily at home. These subsequent treatments paralleled the initial response with a sustained improvement being maintained during an observation period lasting at least one month. This case demonstrates the efficacy of weak magnetic fields in the treatment of Parkinsonism and motor complications of chronic levodopa therapy.
Cyclic Voltammetry of Submicrogram Quantities of Supercoiled, Linear and Denatured DNAs with DNA-Modified Mercury Electrode (1993)

We have previously shown that a DNA-modified electrode can be prepared by immersing the hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) in a small volume (about 5-10 microliters) of a DNA solution. Within a short period of time the DNA is irreversibly adsorbed at the electrode, resisting subsequent washing. The electrode is then transferred into a voltammetric cell filled with the background electrolyte (that does not contain any nucleic acid) in which the voltammetric measurements are performed. This procedure is called adsorptive transfer stripping voltammetry (AdTSV). In this paper AdTS cyclic voltammetry (CV) peaks of DNA were measured to report on the stability of the attachment of plasmid DNA molecules to the electrode surface. It was shown that the attachment of plasmid DNA to the electrode was, like the case of calf thymus DNA, sufficiently stable. If the DNA-modified electrode was immersed in a protein solution no significant exchange between the DNA and protein was observed. Submicrogram amounts of DNA were sufficient to attain full coverage of the electrode at relatively short waiting times and the detection limit of the denatured DNA was below 2 ng. The intensity of the AdTS CV signals of supercoiled, linearized and thermally denatured linear DNAs differed from one another. It was shown that alkaline denaturation of linear and supercoiled DNA in solution can be studied using AdTS CV technique. It was further shown that at neutral pH the linearized plasmid undergoes denaturation due to a prolonged contact with the electrode charged to potentials around -1.2 V. Such a surface denaturation has been previously observed with calf thymus DNA and synthetic double-stranded polynucleotides. Our results show that in contrast to linear DNA, supercoiled DNA was not significantly denatured as a result of its prolonged contact with the electrode charged to various potentials in the range between -0.1 to -1.5 V.
Cooperative Inertial Navigation (2014)

The design of suitable estimator architectures for INS aided by relative measurements and information sharing among an unrestricted community of users is discussed. Both decentralized and centralized estimators are presented. The centralized estimator is based on the Extended Kalman Filter. The challenge of handling inter-vehicle correlation in the decentralized framework is highlighted and a Covariance Intersection (CI) based decentralized estimator is proposed. The centralized and decentralized estimators are evaluated in an automotive simulation with a community of 2,000 + low-cost INS users operating in a GNSS-denied zone. Both single-vehicle and community-wide performance is compared. The proposed CI-based decentralized estimator is demonstrated to be conservative and maintain consistency. The centralized system achieves an order of magnitude reduction in uncertainty by aggressively aiding the INS on board each vehicle. Lastly, a quantitative evaluation of bandwidth requirements for both centralized and our proposed CI-based decentralized cooperative navigation systems are presented. Copyright © 2014 Institute of Navigation.
Design and implementation of a universal appliance controller based on selective interaction modes (2008)

In next generation of smart computing environment, myriads of networked resources are pervasive and embedded into everyday consumer products and appliances. Still, most controller systems provide separate control user interfaces for different uses when users inevitably face an increased number of interfaces for control and interaction tasks in such environment. To simplify burdens of user and reduce complexities in control tasks, we propose a universal appliance controller based on mobile device with two selective interaction modes. First mode is a network scanning-based indirect interaction mode which provides fast and reliable connection to the appliances with specific filters in the networked environment. Second mode is a camera-based direct interaction mode which provides an intuitive interface as an input device. These two modes are interchangeable for different tasks and according to user's preference. Moreover, control user interface is personalized with preference described in user profile to reflect the user of the system better. To verify usefulness of our approach, we present a prototype in a smart home test bed. Through an initial user study, we demonstrate usability of our prototype through a set of mobile interaction tasks. Moreover, we note usability issues, limitations of our work and analyze the participants' feedback.
Engineering Solar Cell Absorbers by Exploring the Band Alignment and Defect Disparity: The Case of Cu‐ and Ag‐Based Kesterite Compounds (2015)

The development of kesterite Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 thin‐film solar cells is currently hindered by the large deficit of open‐circuit voltage ( V oc ), which results from the easy formation of Cu Zn antisite acceptor defects. Suppressing the formation of Cu Zn defects, especially near the absorber/buffer interface, is thus critical for the further improvement of kesterite solar cells. In this paper, it is shown that there is a large disparity between the defects in Cu‐ and Ag‐based kesterite semiconductors, i.e., the Cu Zn or Cu Cd acceptor defects have high concentration and are the dominant defects in Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 or Cu 2 CdSnS 4 , but the Ag Zn acceptor has only a low concentration and the dominant defects are donors in Ag 2 ZnSnS 4 . Therefore, the Cu‐based kesterites always show p‐type conductivity, while the Ag‐based kesterites show either intrinsic or weak n‐type conductivity. Based on this defect disparity and calculated band alignment, it is proposed that the V oc limit of the kesterite solar cells can be overcome by alloying Cu 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 with Ag 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 , and the composition‐graded (Cu,Ag) 2 ZnSn(S,Se) 4 alloys should be ideal light‐absorber materials for achieving higher efficiency kesterite solar cells.
The Development and Synthetic Applications of the Meerwein Reaction (1984)

The development of the study of the Meerwein reaction is described and the reactions involving the anion-arylation and arylation of unsaturated compounds by aromatic diazo-compounds and catalysed by transition metal salts are examined and surveyed. The modern ideas about the mechanisms of these reactions and the possibility of their employment in organic synthesis are discussed. The bibliography includes 144 references.
Translation of trpG in Bacillus subtilis is regulated by the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP) (1995)

trpG of Bacillus subtilis encodes a glutamine amidotransferase subunit that is involved in the synthesis of both folic acid and L-tryptophan. Expression of trpG is negatively regulated by tryptophan even though this gene is located within a folic acid biosynthetic operon. Examination of both transcriptional and translational gene fusions to lacZ involving trpG and direct measurements of trpG mRNA levels and TrpG polypeptide accumulation demonstrated that translation of trpG is regulated by tryptophan whereas transcription is not. these studies also show that this regulation is mediated by the trp RNA-binding attenuation protein. Deletion and point mutations indicated that regulation is dependent on a series of G/UAG trinucleotide repeats surrounding the putative ribosome-binding site for trpG. Our results are consistent with a model in which the tryptophan-activated trp RNA-binding attenuation protein and ribosomes compete for binding to trpG mRNA.
GalnAsP Microdisk Injection Laser with Benzocyclobutene Polymer Cladding and Its Athermal Effect (2002)

We demonstrate a GalnAsP-microdisk injection laser with the benzocyclobutene (BCB) polymer cladding. Low threshold lasing, the reduction in thermal resistance, and the potential of athermal operation are discussed.
The Synthesis of Some Organosilicon Compounds, Particularly Those Containing Halophenyl Groups (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Some Organosilicon Compounds, Particularly Those Containing Halophenyl GroupsHENRY GILMAN, RICHARD D. GORSICH, and BERNARD J. GAJCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1962, 27, 3, 1023–1026Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01050a082https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01050a082research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views112Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Abbreviated Chemotherapy With Fludarabine Followed by Tositumomab and Iodine I 131 Tositumomab for Untreated Follicular Lymphoma (2005)

Use of abbreviated fludarabine before iodine I 131 tositumomab can reduce bone marrow involvement, when needed, to allow the use of RIT and can suppress HAMA responses. This sequential treatment regimen is highly effective as front-line therapy for follicular lymphoma, particularly for low- or intermediate-risk FLIPI patients.
Risk factors for islet loss during culture prior to transplantation (2008)

Culturing islets can add great flexibility to a clinical islet transplant program. However, a reduction in the islet mass has been frequently observed during culture and its degree varies. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors associated with a significant islet loss during culture. One-hundred and four islet preparations cultured in an attempt to use for transplantation constituted this study. After culture for 20 h (median), islet yield significantly decreased from 363 309 +/- 12 647 to 313 035 +/- 10 862 islet equivalent yield (IE) (mean +/- SE), accompanied by a reduction in packed tissue volume from 3.9 +/- 0.1 to 3.0 +/- 0.1 ml and islet index (IE/islet particle count) from 1.20 +/- 0.04 to 1.05 +/- 0.04. Culture did not markedly alter islet purity or percent of trapped islet. Morphology score and viability were significantly improved after culture. Of 104 islet preparations, 37 suffered a substantial islet loss (> 20%) over culture. Factors significantly associated with risk of islet loss identified by univariate analysis were longer cold ischemia time, two-layer method (TLM) preservation, lower islet purity, and higher islet index. Multivariate analysis revealed that independent predictors of islet loss were higher islet index and the use of TLM. This study provides novel information on the link between donor- isolation factors and islet loss during culture.
Multi-carrier backscatter communication system for concurrent wireless and batteryless sensing (2017)

Wireless and batteryless sensing has recently attracted significant attention of researchers in IoT and WSN applications. It turns out to be more challenging when simultaneous data acquisition from multiple sensors is required. This paper introduces a non-orthogonal multiple access technique MSMA, using extremely simple wireless and batteryless sensor tags and a reader to support concurrent streaming from multiple sensors. By simultaneously handling non-orthogonal subcarriers, produced either by multiple or single sensor tag, it can realize concurrent sensor data streaming, which can be used in health monitoring of machinery and civil structures. The paper explains the two primary challenges in MSMA, the optimal assignment of subcarrier frequencies and the unavoidable harmonics from one subcarrier to others. Since the mutual interference among subcarriers is unevenly distributed over the available frequency band, random allocation of subcarrier frequencies may result in degraded system performance. Results show that the interference can be canceled out with the signal processing technique and the system communication capacity can be increased significantly with a proposed heuristic approach compared to random allocation of subcarrier frequencies to the sensor tags.
The Cardiac hERG/IKr Potassium Channel as Pharmacological Target: Structure, Function, Regulation, and Clinical Applications (2006)

Human ether-a-go-go-related gene (hERG) potassium channels conduct the rapid component of the delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr, which is crucial for repolarization of cardiac action potentials. Moderate hERG blockade may produce a beneficial class III antiarrhythmic effect. In contrast, a reduction in hERG currents due to either genetic defects or adverse drug effects can lead to hereditary or acquired long QT syndromes characterized by action potential prolongation, lengthening of the QT interval on the surface ECG, and an increased risk for "torsade de pointes" arrhythmias and sudden death. This undesirable side effect of non-antiarrhythmic compounds has prompted the withdrawal of several blockbuster drugs from the market. Studies on mechanisms of hERG channel inhibition provide significant insights into the molecular factors that determine state-, voltage-, and use-dependency of hERG current block. In addition, crucial properties of the high-affinity drug binding site in hERG and its interaction with drug molecules have been identified, providing the basis for more refined approaches in drug design, safety pharmacology and in silico modeling. Recently, mutations in hERG have been shown to cause current increase and hereditary short QT syndrome with a high risk for life-threatening arrhythmias. Finally, the discovery of adrenergic mechanisms of hERG channel regulation as well as the development of strategies to enhance hERG currents and to modify intracellular hERG protein processing may provide novel antiarrhythmic options in repolarization disorders. In conclusion, the increasing understanding of hERG channel function and molecular mechanisms of hERG current regulation could improve prevention and treatment of hERG-associated cardiac repolarization disorders.