gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Common-source-line array (2013)

Traditional array organization of bipolar nonvolatile memories such as STT-MRAM and memristor utilizes two bitlines for cell manipulations. With technology scaling, such bitline pair will soon become the bottleneck for further density improvement. In this article we propose a novel common-source-line array architecture, which uses a shared source-line along the row, leaving only one bitline per column. We elaborate the array design to ensure reliability, and demonstrate its effectiveness on STT-MRAM and memristor memory arrays. Our study results show that with comparable latency and energy, the proposed common-source-line array can save 34% and 33% area for Memristor-RAM and STT-MRAM respectively, compared with corresponding dual-bitline arrays.
Preparation of Benzene, Furan, and Thiophene Analogs of Duocarmycin SA Employing a Newly-Devised Phenol-Forming Reaction. (2000)

Five A-ring analogs of duocarmycin SA 9a-e were synthesized in racemic form modifying our second synthetic route toward duocarmycin SA. The problem encountered at the crucial phenol forming step to secure 17a, b from 16a, b under the conventionally used Kuwajima conditions was overcome by devising a more convenient method: simple heating of 16a-c in benzene in the presence of bis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(II) chloride (10 mol%), cesium carbonate (3 eq), and triphenylphosphine (0.3 eq) gave 17a-c in high yields of 86-91%. The intermediates 17a-e were readily led to the A-ring analogs (+/-)-9a-e almost according to the reported route.
Bioligand Interaction Assay by Flow Injection Absorptiometry (1997)

A novel technique for the study of bioligand interactions based on combining flow injection on renewable surfaces with UV-visible absorptiometry is introduced. The concept is proven by monitoring the binding of various proteins to protein G and the binding of various insulin analogs to a monoclonal anti-insulin antibody, thus providing a comparison with the performance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based techniques. The advantages of the bioligand interaction flow injection absorptiometry approach are speed, low cost, no need for regeneration of solid substrate, and spectral resolution not available with SPR sensing. It is believed that this technique will have an impact on the entire biosensor field since it allows simultaneous monitoring of labeled as well as nonlabeled species in real time over a wide spectral range with high sensitivity.
5-<i>tert</i>-Butylproline (1996)

Steric effects on the isomer equilibrium of amides N-terminal to proline can be explored with 5-alkylprolines having bulky 5-position substituents. Enantiopure 5-tert-butylprolines were thus synthesized from glutamic acid via an acylation/diastereoselective reductive amination sequence. Double deprotonation of γ-methyl N-(PhF)glutamate (2) with LiN(SiMe3)2 and C-acylation with pivaloyl chloride provided β-keto ester 3, which upon γ-ester hydrolysis and decarboxylation gave δ-oxo-α-[N-(PhF)amino]heptanoic acid (4). Syntheses of (2S,5R)- and (2R,5S)-N-(BOC)-5-tert-butylprolines ((2S,5R)-1 and (2R,5S)-1) were accomplished by catalytic hydrogenation of their respective (2S)- and (2R)-methyl δ-oxo-α-[N-(PhF)amino]heptanoates ((2S)-5a and (2R)-5a) in methanol with di-tert-butyl dicarbonate followed by chromatography and ester hydrolysis with potassium trimethylsilanolate. The 5-tert-butylproline cis-diastereomers were proven to be of >99% enantiomeric purity after their conversion to diastereomeric α-methylbenzylamides 10. Good diastereoselectivity in favor of the trans-diastereomer was observed when (2S,5S)-5-tert-butylproline was synthesized from (2S)-δ-oxo-α-[N-(PhF)amino]heptanoate ((2S)-4) by solvolysis of the PhF group in trifluoroacetic acid and subsequent reduction of 5-tert-butyl-Δ5-dehydroproline (11) with tetramethylammonium triacetoxyborohydride; however, imino acid 11 was shown to be configurationally labile and racemized under acidic conditions. 5-tert-Butyl-Δ5-dehydroproline N‘-methylamide 15 was configurationally stable in acid, yet preliminary attempts to reduce 15 favored cis-diastereomer 16. Alternatively, enantiopure trans-diastereomer, (2R,5R)-methyl N-(BOC)-5-tert-butylprolinate (9) was prepared by epimerization of (2S,5R)-9. In summary, this synthetic methodology now provides access to all four enantiopure 5-tert-butylproline isomers from inexpensive l- and d-glutamate as chiral educts.
Carotenoid, tocopherol, and retinol concentrations in elderly human brain. (2004)

The frontal cortex, generally vulnerable in Alzheimer's disease, had higher concentrations of all analytes than the occipital cortex which is generally unaffected. Moreover, frontal lobes, but not occipital lobes, exhibited an age-related decline in retinol, total tocopherols, total xanthophylls and total carotenoids. The importance of these differences and the role(s) of these antioxidants in the brain remain to be determined.
Low Voltage Electron Diffraction Study of the Oxidation and Reduction of Silicon (1962)

Low voltage electron diffraction and pumping speed measurements have been used to study the reactions of oxygen with clean Si (111) and (100) surfaces in the temperature range between 600° and 1000°C and the oxygen pressure range between 7×10−9 and 1×10−4 mm Hg. The results support the contention that a wide region in which Si is atomically clean exists in this range. Measurements of steady states yield an activation energy of about 90 kcal/mol for the clean-up process. The results also suggest a practical method for producing pure coatings of SiO2 by a technique similar to, but with several advantages over, the familiar Si+SiO2 reaction process.
A multi-template combination algorithm for protein comparative modeling (2008)

We have developed a novel multi-template algorithm to improve protein comparative modeling.
Potassium Deficiency-induced Changes in Stomatal Behavior, Leaf Water Potentials, and Root System Permeability in <i>Beta vulgaris</i> L. (1972)

Studies of the water relations of potassium deficient sugarbeet plants (Beta vulgaris L.) revealed two factors for stomatal closure. One component of stomatal closure was reversible by floating leaf discs on distilled water to relieve the water deficit in the leaves; the other component was reversible in the light by floating the leaf discs on KCl solution for 1 hour or more. Potassium-activated stomatal opening in the light was observed when the guard cells were surrounded by their normal environment of epidermal and mesophyll cells, just as observed by previous workers for epidermal strips. Leaf water potentials, like stomatal apertures, appear to be strongly related to leaf potassium concentration. Potassium-deficient plants have a greatly decreased root permeability to water, and the implications of this effect on stomatal aperture and leaf water potential are discussed. In contrast, petiole permeability to water is unaffected by potassium treatment.
The General Utility Lattice Program (<scp>GULP</scp>) (2003)

The General Utility Lattice Program (gulp) has been extended to include the ability to simulate polymers and surfaces, as well as adding many other new features, and the current status of the program is fully documented. Both the background theory is described, as well as providing a concise review of some of the previous applications in order to demonstrate the range of its use. Examples are presented of work performed using the new compatibilities of the software, including the calculation of Born effective charges, mechanical properties as a function of applied pressure, calculation of frequency-dependent dielectric data, surface reconstructions of calcite and the performance of a linear-scaling algorithm for bond-order potentials.
Autosomal Dominant Hypocalcemia Caused by a Novel Mutation in the Loop 2 Region of the Human Calcium Receptor Extracellular Domain (2002)

We report a novel missense mutation N124K in the extracellular calcium receptor (CaR) identified in two related subjects with the phenotypic features of autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH). Expression of the N124K mutant receptor created by site-directed mutagenesis and transfected into HEK-293 cells was comparable with that of the wild-type (WT) receptor and two other mutant receptors N118K and L125P identified in subjects with ADH. Functional characterization by the extracellular Ca2+ ion ([Ca2+]0)-stimulated phosphoinositide (PI) hydrolysis in transfected HEK-293 cells showed that the N124K mutant receptor was left-shifted in Ca2+ sensitivity. This biochemical gain-of-function is comparable with that seen in other missense mutations of the CaR identified in subjects with ADH. We tested a series of missense substitutions (R, Q, E, and G) in addition to K for N124 and found that only the N124K mutation and to a much lesser extent N124R caused a left shift in Ca2+ sensitivity. Thus, a specific substitution, not merely a mutation of the N124 residue, is required for receptor activation. The N124K mutation is one of eight naturally occurring mutations in subjects with ADH identified in a short segment A116-C129 of the CaR extracellular domain (ECD). We present a hypothesis to explain receptor activation by mutations in this region based on the recently described three-dimensional structure of the related metabotropic glutamate type 1 receptor (mGluR1).
Cortisone-Induced Recrudescence of Giardia lamblia Infections in Gerbils (1987)

The course of infection with Giardia lamblia in gerbils was studied after oral inoculation with either cysts isolated from humans or cultured trophozoites. Primary infections occurred in 87% of exposed gerbils; cyst release peaked during the second and third weeks post-infection; cysts and trophozoites were observed for up to 49 and 87 days post-infection, respectively. Gerbils were refractory to challenge infection with infective human source cysts at 5 months post-infection. Overall, 50% of animals given subcutaneous injections of hydrocortisone acetate, during or following the late stages of their primary infection, showed recrudescence of infection as evidenced by passage of cysts; percentages showing recrudescence were: 80% at 50 days post-infection, 55% at 70 days post-infection, 27% at 7 months post-infection, and 50% (2 of 4) in gerbils challenged unsuccessfully at 5 months post-infection and subsequently injected with hydrocortisone acetate at 7 months post-infection. Both infected animals and uninfected controls injected with hydrocortisone acetate were immunocompromised as evidenced by significantly reduced plaque forming cell responses to sheep red blood cells. We conclude that infections with G. lamblia in gerbils can last longer than standard examinations for cysts would indicate, and that long-term immunity to this organism can be nonsterile.
Acetylenic Acids. IV. The Reactions of Alkoxy-Substituted Phenylpropiolic Acids and Esters with Sulfur Halides, Particularly Thionyl Chloride (1979)

3,4-Dialkoxy-substituted phenylpropiolic acids and esters react with thionyl chloride to give good yields of substituted 1-benzothiophen systems. Similar reactions of m -and p -methoxyphenylpropiolic acids and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphenylpropiolic acid, which yield mixtures of products, are reported. In contrast, 2,5- and 2,3-dimethoxyphenylpropiolic acids gave mixtures in which a coumarin is the major product. The effect of adding pyridine to the reaction mixture is outlined. Reactions involving sulfur monochloride and sulfur dichloride generally gave much lower yields of these products. Attempts to form organometallic intermediates from the 3-chloro-1-benzothiophen products were unsuccessful.
The role of nitric oxide in osteoarthritis (2007)

Elevated levels of markers of nitric oxide (NO) production are found in osteoarthritic joints suggesting that NO is involved in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). In OA, NO mediates many of the destructive effects of interleukin-1 (IL-1) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in the cartilage, and inhibitors of NO synthesis have demonstrated retardation of clinical and histological signs and symptoms in experimentally induced OA and other forms of arthritis. As an important factor in cartilage, the regulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and activity, and the effects of NO are reviewed, especially in relation to the pathogenesis of OA.
Scattering of a TM surface wave at a guide deformation (1973)

Properties of the reflection and mode conversion of the fundamental TM surface wave at a guiding structure deformation are investigated in this paper with the boundary perturbation technique. In order to obtain each order of the scattered fields, it is found that a separate boundary value problem has to be solved. A brief outline of the formulation is given. Numerical results from an example are presented in graphs to show the effect of the geometric shape of the deformation.
Aldosterone Stimulates Elastogenesis in Cardiac Fibroblasts via Mineralocorticoid Receptor-independent Action Involving the Consecutive Activation of Gα13, c-Src, the Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Receptor, and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase/Akt (2009)

We previously demonstrated that aldosterone, which stimulates collagen production through the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-dependent pathway, also induces elastogenesis via a parallel MR-independent mechanism involving insulin-like growth factor-I receptor (IGF-IR) signaling. The present study provides a more detailed explanation of this signaling pathway. Our data demonstrate that small interfering RNA-driven elimination of MR in cardiac fibroblasts does not inhibit aldosterone-induced IGF-IR phosphorylation and subsequent increase in elastin production. These results exclude the involvement of the MR in aldosterone-induced increases in elastin production. Results of further experiments aimed at identifying the upstream signaling component(s) that might be activated by aldosterone also eliminate the putative involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive Galphai proteins, which have previously been shown to be responsible for some MR-independent effects of aldosterone. Instead, we found that small interfering RNA-dependent elimination of another heterotrimeric G protein, Galpha13, eliminates aldosterone-induced elastogenesis. We further demonstrate that aldosterone first engages Galpha13 and then promotes its transient interaction with c-Src, which constitutes a prerequisite step for aldosterone-dependent activation of the IGF-IR and propagation of consecutive downstream elastogenic signaling involving phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt. In summary, the data we present reveal new details of an MR-independent cellular signaling pathway through which aldosterone stimulates elastogenesis in human cardiac fibroblasts.
Anticoagulation with the direct thrombin inhibitor argatroban in patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes (2009)

In this cohort of patients presenting with acute coronary syndromes, patients receiving argatroban during cardiac catheterization had a moderate rate of adverse cardiac events and a very low rate of major bleeding.
Proportions réciproques et rythmes de croissance de l'agriculture et de l'industrie : quelques problèmes (1966)

Herer Wiktor. Proportions réciproques et rythmes de croissance de l'agriculture et de l'industrie : quelques problèmes. In: Économie rurale. N°68, 1966. Les rapports agriculture-Indutrie dans les économies socialistes de l'est européen. pp. 5-14.
Rate of NO scavenging alters effects of recombinant hemoglobin solutions on pulmonary vasoreactivity (2002)

Many hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) produce systemic and pulmonary hypertension and may increase microvascular permeability as a consequence of nitric oxide (NO) scavenging. In this study, we examined the effects of two recombinant human hemoglobin solutions, rHb1.1 and rHb2.0 for injection (rHb2.0), with different rates of NO scavenging on vasoconstrictor reactivity and vascular permeability in isolated, saline-perfused rat lungs. We hypothesized that rHb1.1, a first-generation HBOC with an NO scavenging rate similar to that of native human hemoglobin, would exacerbate pulmonary vasoconstriction and permeability and that rHb2.0, a second-generation HBOC with an NO scavenging rate approximately 20- to 30-fold lower than that of rHb1.1, would minimally influence these responses. Consistent with this hypothesis, rHb1.1 enhanced pulmonary vasoconstrictor reactivity to both hypoxia and thromboxane mimetic U-46619 in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, rHb2.0 produced little or no change in reactivity to these stimuli. Furthermore, whereas rHb1.1 abrogated pulmonary vasodilation to the NO-donor S-nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP), dose-dependent responses to SNAP were preserved, albeit attenuated, in lungs treated with rHb2.0. Finally, the capillary filtration coefficient was unaltered by either rHb1.1 or rHb2.0. We conclude that pulmonary hemodynamic responses to rHb2.0 are greatly reduced compared with those observed with rHb1.1, consistent with rHb2.0 having a diminished capacity to scavenge NO. In addition, neither hemoglobin solution measurably altered microvascular permeability in this preparation.
Analysis of periodic structures for BAW and SAW resonators (2002)

A bulk acoustic wave (BAW) or a surface acoustic wave (SAW) resonator is an acoustic device with the frequency characteristic of standing acoustic waves in the substrate and electrodes. Sometimes, the standing waves are almost spatially periodic depending on the geometry of the electrodes and the substrate. This is especially true in SAW resonators with long arrays of inter-digital transducers (IDTs) on the surface of the substrate, and may also be true for BAW resonators with similar arrays of IDTs. In these situations where the standing waves are essentially periodic, substantial analytical and design information on the frequency characteristics of the acoustic resonator itself can be obtain from the analysis of one period of the standing waves. The advantage of analyzing just one period of the standing wave is the significant reduction in the size of the numerical model. Sometimes, it is not possible to perform an finite element (fem) analysis of the entire acoustic resonator. This is especially true for SAW resonators, and we have to resort to a periodic analysis. This paper discusses the finite element periodic analysis of BAW and SAW resonators. The boundary conditions and finite element meshing of a periodic structure are presented. Examples are provided which shows the results of the periodic analysis compared with the experimental results of the actual resonators or the results of the full analysis which include the frequency-temperature behavior, mode shapes and frequency spectra. Examples are drawn from BAW resonators and SAW resonators including leaky SAW resonators.
McAlpin, James (d. 1732) (2004)

McAlpin, James James McAlpin (or McAlpine) was born in Scotland and died on 27 October 1732 at Ballynahinch, Co. Down. He entered the philosophy class at Glasgow in 1686–7. In 1690 he underwent trials for a vacancy as regent, but was unsuccessful. The following year he was awarded a Boyd’s bursary i
Registration of ‘Texoma’ MaxQ II Tall Fescue (2010)

‘Texoma’ MaxQ II (Reg. No. CV‐99; PI 659316) tall fescue [ Lolium arundinaceum (Schreb.) S.J. Darbysh. = Festuca arundinacea Schreb.], also tested under the designations PDF 584, PDF AR584, and AGRFA 144, was developed by the Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation in cooperation with AgResearch Ltd. and was released in 2009. The Continental, summer active, tall fescue ecotype PDF E+ was collected near Ardmore in south‐central Oklahoma and inoculated with the novel endophyte [ Neotyphodium coenophialum (Morgan‐Jones & Gams.) Glenn, Bacon, & Hanlin comb. nov.] AR584. Forage yields of Texoma MaxQ II in Oklahoma have been as much as 20% greater than those of ‘Jesup’ MaxQ. Likewise, persistence in the south‐central USA and seed yield in Oregon have been equal or superior to those of Jesup MaxQ. Transmission of viable endophyte in breeder and foundation seed of Texoma MaxQ II has been consistently greater than 90%. The average daily gain of lambs grazing Texoma MaxQ II has been twice that of animals grazing ‘Kentucky 31’ infected with a toxic endophyte (139 vs. 68 g d −1 , respectively). Texoma MaxQ II was released because of its broad adaptation to the south‐central USA, improved persistence, and forage yield.
Cardiac fibroblasts: friend or foe? (2006)

Cardiac function is determined by the dynamic interaction of various cell types and the extracellular matrix that composes the heart. This interaction varies with the stage of development and the degree and duration of mechanical, chemical, and electrical signals between the various cell types and the ECM. Understanding how these complex signals interact at the molecular, cellular, and organ levels is critical to understanding the function of the heart under a variety of physiological and pathophysiological conditions. Quantitative approaches, both in vivo and in vitro, are essential to understand the dynamic interaction of mechanical, chemical, and electrical stimuli that govern cardiac function. The fibroblast can thus be a friend in normal function or a foe in pathophysiological conditions.
A comparative analysis of implementation mechanisms for packet voice conferencing (2002)

A quantitative comparative analysis of alternative implementation methods is presented with respect to network transmission capabilities, gateway design, and the presence or absence of silence detection algorithms. Performance measures presented include station, gateway, and network workloads. In presenting the results, the authors account for the effects of different network configurations and capabilities. In particular, they distinguish between multicast-capable and nonmulticast-capable networks. Results are given for conferences on a single network and across interconnected networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Interhemispheric facilitation of the hand motor area in humans (2001)

1. We investigated interhemispheric interactions between the human hand motor areas using transcranial cortical magnetic and electrical stimulation. 2. A magnetic test stimulus was applied over the motor cortex contralateral to the recorded muscle (test motor cortex), and an electrical or magnetic conditioning stimulus was applied over the ipsilateral hemisphere (conditioning motor cortex). We investigated the effects of the conditioning stimulus on responses to the test stimulus. 3. Two effects were elicited at different interstimulus intervals (ISIs): early facilitation (ISI = 4-5 ms) and late inhibition (ISI > or = 11 ms). 4. The early facilitation was evoked by a magnetic or anodal electrical conditioning stimulus over the motor point in the conditioning hemisphere, which suggests that the conditioning stimulus for early facilitation directly activates corticospinal neurones. 5. The ISIs for early facilitation taken together with the time required for activation of corticospinal neurones by I3-waves in the test hemisphere are compatible with the interhemispheric conduction time through the corpus callosum. Early facilitation was observed in responses to I3-waves, but not in responses to D-waves nor to I1-waves. Based on these results, we conclude that early facilitation is mediated through the corpus callosum. 6. If the magnetic conditioning stimulus induced posteriorly directed currents, or if an anodal electrical conditioning stimulus was applied over a point 2 cm anterior to the motor point, then we observed late inhibition with no early facilitation. 7. Late inhibition was evoked in responses to both I1- and I3-waves, but was not evoked in responses to D-waves. The stronger the conditioning stimulus was, the greater was the amount of inhibition. These results are compatible with surround inhibition at the motor cortex.