gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Study of Phase Transitions in WO3 with a High-Temperature X-Ray Diffractometer (1957)

WO3 undergoes a phase transformation from monoclinic to orthorhombic at approximately 320°C and from orthorhombic to tetragonal at 720°C. A detailed study of the variation of the unit cell dimensions over the range from room temperature to 1000°C has been carried out using high-temperature x-ray diffraction techniques. Some unique features of the apparatus are described in this paper. Between the 320°C and 720°C transformations, the a and c axes increase uniformly in length while the b axis decreases. There is a marked increase in the volume of the unit cell below the orthorhombic to tetragonal transformation; the volume decreases sharply in the transformation and resumes its ``normal'' increase above 720°C.
Virulence of the Tubercle Bacillus: II. Effect of Oxygen Tension upon Growth of Virulent and Avirulent Bacilli (1954)

Journal Article Virulence of the Tubercle Bacillus: II. Effect of Oxygen Tension upon Growth of Virulent and Avirulent Bacilli Get access L. Ruth Guy, L. Ruth Guy Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Sidney Raffel, Sidney Raffel Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar C. E. Clifton C. E. Clifton Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 94, Issue 1, January 1954, Pages 99–106, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/94.1.99 Published: 01 January 1954 Article history Received: 08 August 1953 Published: 01 January 1954
Fast Hopping Injection Locked Frequency Generation for UWB (2007)

We present a novel injection locking frequency generation scheme for UWB systems. In the MBOA-UWB specification, the critical constraint on the frequency synthesizer is the band switching time (< 9.5 ns). In this paper we derive analytical expressions for the transient behavior of injection locked oscillators (ILO) and describe the design constraints on frequency settling of ILOs. We show that they are capable of UWB compliant fast frequency hopping. ILO based frequency synthesizers have a number of advantages over traditional fast hopping LO generation techniques. In particular, it eliminates the need for multiple PLLs and single-sideband (SSB) mixers reducing power consumption and eliminating parasitic spurs.
Automated three-dimensional finite element modelling of bone: a new method (1990)

Three-dimensional finite element stress analysis of bone is a key to understanding bone remodelling, assessing fracture risk, and designing prostheses; however, the cost and complexity of predicting the stress field in bone with accuracy has precluded the routine use of this method. A new, automated method of generating patient-specific three-dimensional finite element models of bone is presented--it uses digital computed tomographic (CT) scan data to drive the geometry of the bone and to estimate its inhomogeneous material properties. Cubic elements of a user-specified size are automatically defined and then individually assigned the CT scan-derived material properties. The method is demonstrated by predicting the stress, stain, and strain energy in a human proximal femur in vivo. Three-dimensional loading conditions corresponding to the stance phase of gait were taken from the literature and applied to the model. Maximum principal compressive stresses of 8-23 MPa were computed for the medial femoral neck. Automated generation of additional finite element models with larger numbers of elements was used to verify convergence in strain energy.
Specifying metamodel transformations for data warehouse design (2005)

Motivated by the increasing use of data warehouse systems and the difficulties in its definition, we propose an automatic approach for discovering multidimensional structure from relational databases, based in MDA. MDA supports the development of software- systems through the transformation of models [1]. MDA requires that model transformations be defined precisely in terms of the relationship between a source meta-model and a target meta-model. This paper is concerned with OLAP schema derivation (target meta-model) starting from the Relational metamodel (source meta-model). For the definition and application of model transformations we use the proposal for QVT presented in [2].
Reduction of the Adhesive Friction of Elastomers through Laser Texturing of Injection Molds (2017)

It is well known that elastomers usually possess poor dry sliding friction properties due to their highly adhesive character. In order to overcome this problematic behavior in industrial applications, interfacial materials such as oils, greases, coatings, or lacks are normally used in order to separate or to functionalize the contact surfaces of elastomers. Alternatively, the high adhesion tendency of elastomers may be explicitly reduced by modifying the elastomer composition itself or by enabling a reduction of its effective contact area through, for example, surface laser texturing. This second approach, i.e., the reduction of the adhesive character of elastomers through laser structuring, will be the main topic of the present study. For this purpose, different micro-sized grooved structures were produced on flat injection molds using an ultra-short pulsed laser. The micro-structured molds were then used to produce injection molded micro-ridged Liquid Silicone Rubber (LSR) sample pads. The investigations consisted firstly of determining the degree of replication of the mold micro-structures onto the surface of the LSR pads and secondly, to ascertain the degree of reduction of the friction force (or coefficient of friction) of these micro-ridged LSR pads in comparison to the benchmark (unstructured LSR pads) when tested under dry conditions against Aluminum alloy (Al-6082) or PA6.6-GF30 plates. For this second part of the investigation, the normal force (or contact pressure) dependency of the coefficient of friction was determined through stepwise load increasing friction tests. The results of these investigations have shown that the production of micro-ridged surfaces on LSR pads through laser structuring of the injection molds could be successfully achieved and that it enables a significant reduction of the friction force for low normal forces (or contact pressures), where the component of adhesion friction is playing an important and determining role in the overall friction behavior of the LSR elastomer.
High Surface Area Hydrate—WUELFRAsorp®—Commercial Production and Application (1992)

Hydrated lime is an important chemical and sorbent for the removal of sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrochloric acid (HCl) and hydrofluoric acid (HF) from waste gases of utility and industrial boilers, municipal and industrial waste incinerators, and aluminum and glass melting furnaces. Commercially produced conventional hydrates normally have specific surface areas of 15 to 17 m2/g. Using water-alcohol mixtures for hydration, specific surface areas of 40 m2/g and higher are achieved. Rheinische Kalksteinwerke GmbH, Wuelfrath, Federal Republic of Germany (FRG), developed and patented a commercial process for the manufacture of high surface area hydrate (WUELFRAsorp®) and, since early 1989, operates a six metric tons per hour (TPH) plant, providing sorbent to several flue gas cleaning installations. The manufacturing steps in the commercial plant are described and results of industrial applications are given.
Quantitative comparison of power management algorithms (2000)

Article Free Access Share on Quantitative comparison of power management algorithms Authors: Yung-Hsiang Lu Computer Science Laboratory, Stanford University Computer Science Laboratory, Stanford UniversityView Profile , Eui-Young Chung Computer Science Laboratory, Stanford University Computer Science Laboratory, Stanford UniversityView Profile , Tajana Šimunić Computer Science Laboratory, Stanford University Computer Science Laboratory, Stanford UniversityView Profile , Luca Benini Dip. Informatica, Elettronica, Sistemistica, Università di Bologna, Italy Dip. Informatica, Elettronica, Sistemistica, Università di Bologna, ItalyView Profile , Giovanni De Micheli Computer Science Laboratory, Stanford University Computer Science Laboratory, Stanford UniversityView Profile Authors Info & Claims DATE '00: Proceedings of the conference on Design, automation and test in EuropeJanuary 2000 Pages 20–26https://doi.org/10.1145/343647.343688Published:01 January 2000Publication History 77citation474DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations77Total Downloads474Last 12 Months61Last 6 weeks8 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
From compliance to control: off-roadmap metrology for low-k 1 lithography (2001)

The need for high-resolution metrology to verify lithography compliance with shrinking CD and overlay specifications has resulted in a variety of roadmap sanctioned approaches; notably, SEM, AFM and scatterometry. The application of optical microscopy has been relegated to overlay metrology. While high-resolution metrology is essential to the setup and qualification of lithographic processes, it is often ill suited to the demands of dynamic lithography control. The path to improved CD compliance is through improved on- produce dose and focus control. In control applications, enhanced sensitivity to what we are trying to control becomes a new handle on precision-to-tolerance. Sensitivity must be accompanied by ease of setup, speed and sampling. Modeling for correctable components of variation becomes an integral part of the metrology function. We show that the old dog optical microscopy can learn new tricks to encompass the control of dose and focus. In doing so it becomes the lead candidate for an integrated metrology solution.
Prostaglandins in labor - a translational approach (2008)

The mechanisms involved in the initiation of human labor are largely unknown. Understanding the molecular pathways is fundamental in both the development of effective therapeutic strategies and intervention to prevent preterm labor. Prostaglandins are bioactive lipids and members of the eicosanoids family, derived from arachidonic acid, which act in a paracrine or autocrine manner and function via binding to specific G-protein-coupled receptors, activating intracellular signaling and gene transcription. Prostaglandins have a central role in the maintenance of pregnancy and initiation of labor, with the change from uterine quiescence to a contractile state facilitated by differential expression of prostaglandin receptors within the myometrium and fetal membranes. Clinical evidence for the key role of prostaglandins in human parturition is evident from their successful exploitation as exogenous agents for the induction of labor and the role of prostaglandin synthase inhibitors as a preventative therapy for preterm labor. This review aims to focus on prostaglandin synthesis and metabolism and how differential regulation of prostaglandins and their receptors in gestational tissues interact in the initiation of labor.
Radical anions of triptycene bis- and tris(quinones) (1981)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRadical anions of triptycene bis- and tris(quinones)Glen A. Russell, N. K. Suleman, Hiizu Iwamura, and Owen W. WebsterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1981, 103, 6, 1560–1561Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1981Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1981https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00396a046https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00396a046research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views559Altmetric-Citations35LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The flow of suspensions through tubes IV: Oscillatory flow of rigid spheres (1965)

Abstract The theory of oscillatory flow of a homogeneous liquid in a straight circular tube developed by Lambossy and Womersley has been confirmed by direct measurements of the displacement profiles for a sinusoidal pressure gradient at various frequencies. Rigid spheres suspended in the liquid showed radial migration away from the walls and away from the tube axis when the particle Reynolds number was made sufficiently high. This is the analogue of the tubular pinch effect discovered by Segré and Silberberg for steady flow, and is also exhibited by concentrated suspensions. The modification of the flow behavior of suspensions by Miperposition of an oscillatory pressure is briefly discussed.
Fibroblast Activation Protein Overexpression and Clinical Implications in Solid Tumors: A Meta-Analysis (2015)

FAP expression is associated with worse prognosis in solid tumors, and this association is particularly pronounced if FAP overexpression is found in the tumor cells rather than the stroma.
<i><i>N,N</i>,N′,N′</i>- Tetraphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine−Fluorene Alternating Conjugated Polymer: Synthesis, Characterization, and Electrochromic Application (2010)

A novel N,N,N′,N′-tetraphenyl-1,4-phenylenediamine (TPPA)-containing aromatic dibromide (3), N,N-bis(4-bromophenyl)-N′,N′-bis(4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl)phenyl)-1,4-phenylenediamine, was successfully synthesized. The novel conjugated polymer (4) having number-average molecular weight of 2.05 × 104 was prepared via Suzuki coupling from the dibromide (3) with 9,9-dioctylfluorene-2,7-diboronic acid bis(1,3-propanediol) ester. The conjugated polymer (4) exhibited excellent solubility in common organic solvents such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP), tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and toluene at room temperature. The conjugated polymer (4) had useful levels of thermal stability associated with their relatively high glass transition temperature (Tg = 144 °C), 10% weight-loss temperatures (Td10) in nitrogen (Td10 = 445 °C), and char yields at 800 °C in nitrogen (59.0%). The hole-transporting and electrochromic properties were examined by electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical methods. Cyclic voltammograms of the conjugated polymer films cast onto indium−tin oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrates exhibited two reversible oxidation redox couples at E1/2 value of 0.67 and 1.05 V vs Ag/Ag+ in acetonitrile solution. The conjugated polymer film (4) revealed better stability of electrochromic characteristics and more rapid switching time than model polymers M2 which has no electron-donating bis(4-(2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl) phenyl)amine group and M3 without electron-donating 2,4,4-trimethylpentan-2-yl substituent. The conjugated polymer film (4) also showed high contrast with color change from pale yellowish to green and then to blue at applied potentials ranging from 0.00 to 1.18 V.
Sex pheromones: Achievements in monitoring and mating disruption of cotton pests in Israel (1993)

Abstract Israeli contributions to the development of monitoring and mating suppression systems for cotton pests via the use of sex pheromones are described. These include identification of pheromones, development of dispensers and traps, assessment of pheromone traps as a monitoring device, and the use of pheromones for mating disruption. In Spodoptera littoralis , the minor component, Z9,E12–14:Ac, in addition to the major component, Z9,E11–14:Ac, was found to be essential for attracting males. The pheromonal components of Helicoverpa armigera were identified and only two, Z11–16:Ald and Z9–16:Ald, were found to be of importance for attracting males. In Heliothis peltigera two major pheromonal components, Z11–16:Ald and Z9–14:Ald, were identified and a species‐specific lure was developed. Two essential components, E10,E12–16:Ald and Z11–16:Ald, were detected in Earias insulana and proved to be effective in the field. The importance of the dispenser for attracting males was investigated. The efficiency of an Israeli septa was greater than that of other septa presently in use in the U.S.A for attracting H. zea or H. virescens . It was also shown that a more suitable dispenser enables the use of a smaller and easier to handle trap. Different types of traps used in Israel over the years are described. The modern funnel traps that are in wide use today throughout the world have almost the same design as the funnel traps developed in Israel long ago. Generally, there is a positive relation between captures of males in traps and the actual population in the field. However, peak capture of males in traps is somewhat delayed as compared with the peak of females in the field, and corresponds more to the egg peak. Trials carried out in Israel to test a hand‐applied polymeric aerosol formulation containing the major sex pheromone component of S. littoralis gave very promising results. Satisfactory mating disruption by hand application of ShinEtsu ropes was obtained for Pectinophora gossypiella and H. armigera . The pink bollworm P. gossypiella is commercially controlled today in Israel by NoMate or ShinEtsu ropes. Twist‐tie formulations for combined mating disruption of both pink bollworm and E. insulana are also being tested. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of Ganaxolone on Flurothyl Seizures in Developing Rats (2000)

GNX has anticonvulsant effects against flurothylinduced seizures in all age groups tested. Its effects are more prominent in the two younger age groups, especially in PN 15 rats, but are associated with motor side effects.
Opportunities and responsibilities in pharmaceutical care (1990)

Pharmacy's opportunity to mature as a profession by accepting its social responsibility to reduce preventable drug-related morbidity and mortality is explored. Pharmacy has shed the apothecary role but has not yet been restored to its erst-while importance in medical care. It is not enough to dispense the correct drug or to provide sophisticated pharmaceutical services; nor will it be sufficient to devise new technical functions. Pharmacists and their institutions must stop looking inward and start redirecting their energies to the greater social good. Some 12,000 deaths and 15,000 hospitalizations due to adverse drug reactions (ADRs) were reported to the FDA in 1987, and many went unreported. Drug-related morbidity and mortality are often preventable, and pharmaceutical services can reduce the number of ADRs, the length of hospital stays, and the cost of care. Pharmacists must abandon factionalism and adopt patient-centered pharmaceutical care as their philosophy of practice. Changing the focus of practice from products and biological systems to ensuring the best drug therapy and patient safety will raise pharmacy's level of responsibility and require philosophical, organizational, and functional changes. It will be necessary to set new practice standards, establish cooperative relationships with other health-care professions, and determine strategies for marketing pharmaceutical care. Pharmacy's reprofessionalization will be completed only when all pharmacists accept their social mandate to ensure the safe and effective drug therapy of the individual patient.
Evaluating Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Material Classification (2017)

Determining the material category of a surface from an image is a demanding task in perception that is drawing increasing attention. Following the recent remarkable results achieved for image classification and object detection utilising Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), we empirically study material classification of everyday objects employing these techniques. More specifically, we conduct a rigorous evaluation of how state-of-the art CNN architectures compare on a common ground over widely used material databases. Experimental results on three challenging material databases show that the best performing CNN architectures can achieve up to 94.99\% mean average precision when classifying materials.
분쇄용강구의 제조에 관한 연구 (1976)

본 실험에서는 1.61%C, 16.5%Cr, 0.50%Mo 및 0.23%V을 함유하는 분쇄용 고합금강구의 제조를 목적으로 주조응고 조직과 경도에 미치는 강구의 질량효과의 열처리시의 질량효과 및 최적의 열처리 조건을 규명하고자 경도 현미경조직 및 마모시험 등이 실시되었다. 본 실험결과에 따르면 응고시의 질량효과가 열처리후의 조직에 영향을 미치었고 특히 60㎜이상의 강구에는 질량효과가 커서 경도와 내마모성이 현저히 저하되었다. 그리고 austenitizing 온도는 1,050℃∼1,100℃가 바람직하였다.
Determination of glutathione in lymphocytes and possible association of redox state and proliferative capacity of lymphocytes (1981)

The glutathione (GSH) content of mouse T- and B-cells was determined and compared with the GSH content of human peripheral blood lymphocytes and human erythrocytes. Owing to the difficulty of obtaining large numbers of purified lymphocytes, a technique was developed to measure picomolar quantities of GSH. By this technique, mouse T- and B-cells, as well as mouse peripheral-blood lymphocytes, were found to contain approx. 30% of the GSH found in human peripheral-blood lymphocytes. The concanavalin A response of human peripheral-blood lymphocytes and human spleen cells was insensitive to 2-mercaptoethanol as well as to culture in 17% O2, whereas mouse lymphocyte responses were altered by 2-mercaptoethanol and inhibited by 17% O2. The capacity of human peripheral-blood lymphocytes, human erythrocytes, mouse T-cells and mouse B-cells to regenerate GSH stores after chemical oxidation by diamide was tested, and it was found that mouse cells were less capable of regenerating GSH than human erythrocytes or human peripheral-blood lymphocytes. In addition, the latter lymphocytes were less sensitive to oxidation of GSH and to inhibition of proliferation by diamide.
A Simple Preparation of Bis(trimethylsilyl) Peroxide (1990)

It has been found that commerically available urea-hydrogen peroxide complex offers considerable advantage over 1,4-diazobicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO)-hydrogen peroxide for the preparation of bis(trimethylsilyl) peroxide from N,N′-bis(trimethylsilyl)urea.
Simultaneous Localisation and Mapping in Dynamic Environments (SLAMIDE) with Reversible Data Associa (2007)

The conventional technique for dealing with dynamic objects in SLAM is to detect them and then either treat them as outliers We propose a technique that combines the least-squares formulation of SLAM and sliding window optimisation together with generalised expectation maximisation, to incorporate both dynamic and stationary objects directly into SLAM estimation. The sliding window allows us to postpone the commitment of model selection and data association decisions by delaying when they are marginalised permanently into the estimate. The two main contributions of this paper are thus: (i) using reversible model selection to include dynamic objects into SLAM and (ii) incorporating reversible data association. We show empirically that (i) if dynamic objects are present our method can include them in a single framework and hence maintain a consistent estimate and (ii) our estimator remains consistent when data association is difficult, for instance in the presence of clutter. We summarise the results of detailed and extensive tests of our method against various benchmark algorithms, showing its effectiveness.