gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct and indirect determination of nonuniform cell density distribution in human corneal endothelium. (1984)

The density distribution of endothelial cells was determined, directly and indirectly, by counting cells and cell nuclei in two separate groups of unpaired human corneas. Four areas, measuring 1 square mm each, were counted in the corneal center as well as in the periphery close to Schwalbe's line. In 19 Orcein-stained corneas, the peripheral density of nuclei was 3632/mm2 +/- 592 (SD) as compared with central counts of 2778 mm2 +/- 284 (SD). The other group of 22 corneas, stained supravitally with Alizarin-red revealed a peripheral cell density of 3696/mm2 +/- 721 (SD), in contrast with a central density of 2811/mm2 +/- 425 (SD). There was also an uneven density distribution in the central endothelium. The average difference between the highest and lowest central square millimeter counts in the two groups was 8.0 +/- 7.7% (SD) and 9.0 +/- 3.6% (SD), respectively. The data indicate a nonuniform endothelial cell density distribution in the human cornea that may have clinical implications.
Pivotal role of connective tissue growth factor in lung fibrosis: MAPK‐dependent transcriptional activation of type I collagen (2009)

Our results clearly define a direct profibrotic effect of CTGF and demonstrate its contribution to lung fibrosis through transcriptional activation of Col1a2. Blocking strategies revealed the signaling mechanisms involved. These findings show CTGF to be a rational target for therapy in fibrotic diseases such as SSc.
Connection management for multiwavelength optical networking (1998)

This paper describes the connection management research done by the Network Control and Management (NC&M) task force under the multiwavelength optical networking (MONET) program. MONET is sponsored by the Defense Advanced Research Project Agency (DARPA) the US Government Department of Defense, with participation from Bellcore, AT&T, Lucent Technologies, several government agencies, and regional Bell operating companies. MONET's vision is to develop a flexible reliable high-capacity high-performance cost-effective national optical network based on multiwavelength fiber optic technology. As an important component in realizing this vision, the MONET program includes the architecture and design of a prototype network control and management system for MONET's reconfigurable wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) all-optical network. The primary objectives of the prototype research work are to develop the architecture and framework for managing national-scale transparent reconfigurable WDM optical networks and to demonstrate the feasibility of the NC&M prototype system in a field experiment network in Washington, DC. This prototype system allows the program participants to conduct experiments and gain experience in the management and operations of reconfigurable optical networks. This paper describes the connection management aspects of the prototype system, addressing issues such as the management architecture, information model, and provisioning algorithms of the prototype management system.
NADPH Oxidase Mediates Hypersomnolence and Brain Oxidative Injury in a Murine Model of Sleep Apnea (2005)

Collectively, these findings strongly support a critical role for NADPH oxidase in the lasting hypersomnolence and oxidative and proinflammatory responses after hypoxia/reoxygenation patterns simulating severe obstructive sleep apnea oxygenation, highlighting the potential of inhibiting NADPH oxidase to prevent oxidation-mediated morbidities in obstructive sleep apnea.
Plasma Lactoferrin Levels in Newborn Preterm Infants: Effect of Infection (1989)

Plasma lactoferrin was measured within 24 h of birth in 23 preterm infants of between 24 and 36 weeks gestation. Lactoferrin concentrations fell with decreasing gestational age whilst the incidence of subsequent infection rose. Sequential measurements on a subgroup of 10 preterm infants showed that even when initial lactoferrin concentrations were within the range for term infants, they fell during the first week. Lactoferrin concentrations in preterm babies may rise transiently, such increases often being associated with clinical signs of infection. A rise in plasma lactoferrin of 200 micrograms/L or more over a period of less than 48 h is suggestive of infection. These findings are discussed in terms of both the possible role of lactoferrin, and the clinical usefulness of the measurement.
Acetylenic Dicobalt Hexacarbonyls. Organometallic Compounds Derived from Alkynes and Dicobalt Octacarbonyl<sup>1,2</sup> (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAcetylenic Dicobalt Hexacarbonyls. Organometallic Compounds Derived from Alkynes and Dicobalt Octacarbonyl1,2Harold Greenfield, Heinz W. Sternberg, Robert A. Friedel, John H. Wotiz, Raymond Markby, and Irving WenderCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1956, 78, 1, 120–124Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1956Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01582a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01582a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views955Altmetric-Citations215LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Determination of Dose Rate of Florfenicol in Feed for Control of Mortality in Channel Catfish <i>Ictalurus punctatus</i> (Rafinesque) Infected with <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>, Etiological Agent of Enteric Septicemia (2004)

Abstract –A dose titration study was conducted to determine the appropriate dosage of florfenicol in feed to control mortality in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus associated with enteric septicemia of catfish caused by Edwardsiella ictaluri. Six tanks (20 fish/ tank) were assigned to each of the following treatment: 1) not challenged with E. ictaluri and fed unmedicated feed; 2) challenged with E. ictaluri and fed unmedicated feed; 3) challenged and fed 5‐mg florfenicol/kg body weight (kg bw); 4) challenged and fed 10‐mg florfenicol/kg bw; or 5) challenged and fed 15‐mg florfenicol/kg bw. Treatment was initiated the day after inoculation, and feed was administered by hand at 2.5% body weight for 10 consecutive days. Feeding activity was scored for all groups and was noted to be significantly less than the challenged, unmedicated group. Cumulative mortality in the challenged untreated group was 60%. The mortality in the unchallenged untreated group was 0%, and in die 5‐, 10‐, 15‐mg florfenicol/kg bw group was 2.5%, 0.8%, and 2.5%, respectively. The mortality in each challenged, treated group and the non‐challenged control group was significantly less than the challenged, unmedicated controls (P < 0.0001 for each contrast). There were no pairwise statistically significant contrasts among the florfenicol treated groups and the non‐challenged control group. All 600 fish in the study were necropsied, cultured for bacteria, and examined by gross pathology. No specific lesions that could be associated with the antibiotic were observed. The efficacy of the 10 mg/kg dosage was confirmed in a separate dose confirmation study. In this study, fish in 30 tanks (20 fish/ tank) were infected with E. icraluri by immersion. Two days post‐inoculation, fish in 15 tanks were hand‐fed unmedicated feed, and 15 tanks were hand‐fed medicated feed at a dosage of 10‐mg florfenicol/kg bw at 2.5% body weight for 10 d. Feeding activity was scored and was noted to be significantly less than the challenged, unmedicated group. Cumulative mortality in the florfenicol group (14%) was significantly less than cumulative mortality in the untreated group (87.3%) (P < 0.0001). All 600 fish were submitted for bacterial culture, necropsied. and examined for gross pathology, and once again, no specific lesions that could be associated with the antibiotic were observed. The minimum inhibitory concentration of florfenicol against E. ictaluri in both studies was 0.25 ug/mL. Florfenicol was palatable, safe , and efficacious for control of mortality due to infection by E. ictaluri in catfish.
The composition of solid inclusions and the occurrence of shortite in apatites from the Tororo carbonatite complex of eastern Uganda (1981)

Abstract Apatite concentrates obtained from a carbonatite of the Tororo complex contain cogenetic fluid and solid primary inclusions. The solid inclusions are commonly composed of calcite and shortite and these minerals, together with the host apatite, were deposited from aqueous fluids at approximately 400°C.
A Study of Monthly Mutual Fund Returns and Performance Evaluation Techniques (1994)

Mark Grinblatt, Sheridan Titman, A Study of Monthly Mutual Fund Returns and Performance Evaluation Techniques, The Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, Vol. 29, No. 3 (Sep., 1994), pp. 419-444
Orchestrating Virtualized Network Functions (2015)

Middleboxes or network appliances like firewalls, proxies and WAN optimizers have become an integral part of today's ISP and enterprise networks. Middlebox functionalities are usually deployed on expensive and proprietary hardware that require trained personnel for deployment and maintenance. Middleboxes contribute significantly to a network's capital and operational costs. In addition, organizations often require their traffic to pass through a specific sequence of middleboxes for compliance with security and performance policies. This makes the middlebox deployment and maintenance tasks even more complicated. Network Function Virtualization (NFV) is an emerging and promising technology that is envisioned to overcome these challenges. It proposes to move packet processing from dedicated hardware middleboxes to software running on commodity servers. In NFV terminology, software middleboxes are referred to as Virtualized Network Functions (VNFs). It is a challenging problem to determine the required number and placement of VNFs that optimizes network operational costs and utilization, without violating service level agreements. We call this the VNF Orchestration Problem (VNF-OP) and provide an Integer Linear Programming (ILP) formulation with implementation in CPLEX. We also provide a dynamic programming based heuristic to solve larger instances of VNF-OP. Trace driven simulations on real-world network topologies demonstrate that the heuristic can provide solutions that are within 1.3 times of the optimal solution. Our experiments suggest that a VNF based approach can provide more than 4x reduction in the operational cost of a network.
Very low surface recombination velocities on p- and n-type silicon wafers passivated with hydrogenated amorphous silicon films (2003)

Outstanding surface passivation of single-crystalline p- as well as n-type silicon is obtained using hydrogenated amorphous silicon (a-Si:H) films deposited at very low temperature in a plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system. It is demonstrated that a-Si:H films with excellent surface passivation properties can be deposited in the temperature range between 200 and 250/spl deg/C. Despite the low deposition temperature, the surface passivation of low-resistivity (/spl sim/1 /spl Omega/cm) p-type silicon provided by the films exceeds that provided by high-temperature (/spl sim/1000/spl deg/C) thermal oxides and PECVD silicon nitride films deposited at temperatures around 400/spl deg/C. A record-low surface recombination velocity (SRV) of 3 cm/s is achieved on 1.6-/spl Omega/cm p-Si. In addition, on 3.4-/spl Omega/cm n-Si wafers, very low SRVs of 7 cm/s are obtained. Investigations regarding the thermal stability of the passivation quality of the a-Si:H films show that the passivation is stable for temperatures exceeding the deposition temperature.
Tabletop x-ray ghost imaging with ultra-low radiation (2018)

Computational ghost imaging, in which an image is retrieved from a known patterned field that illuminates an object and the total transmitted intensity therefrom, has seen great advances on account of its advantages and potential applications at all wavelengths. However, even though lensless x-ray ghost imaging was anticipated more than a decade ago, its development has been hampered due to the lack of suitable optics. The image quality is proportional to the total flux in conventional projection x-ray imaging, but high photon energy could severely damage the object being imaged, so decreasing the radiation dose while maintaining image quality is a fundamental problem. Using a simple tabletop x-ray source, we have successfully realized ghost imaging of planar and natural objects with a much higher contrast-to-noise ratio compared to projection x-ray imaging at the same low-radiation dose. Ultra-low-flux imaging has been achieved, and thus radiation damage of biological specimens could be greatly reduced with this new technique.
Venturi Flume of Minimum Space Requirements (1988)

The flow features of a Venturi flume, constricted with sharp‐edged, thin‐plated elements are investigated. These elements, located at both side walls of a rectangular duct, as are usually found in large municipal sewers, are fixed at the bottom and at the ceiling by a simple device. Particular attention is paid to the head‐discharge equation for various constriction rates, the limit submergence, and the discussion of the internal flow mechanism. The theoretical approach accounts for the effects of fluid separation from the constriction elements and for the streamline curvature. Compared to the conventional discharge equation, the effects of the contraction geometry, and the relative energy head are thus included. The final result corresponds to an explicit equation for discharge once the contraction geometry is fixed and the upstream flow depth is recorded. Design curves allow a rapid and precise determination of discharge.
Cost-aware synthesis of asynchronous circuits based on partial acknowledgement (2006)

Designing asynchronous circuits by reusing existing synchronous tools has become a promising solution to the problem of poor CAD support in asynchronous world. A straightforward way is to structurally map the gates in a synchronous netlist to their functionally equivalent modules which use delay-insensitive codes. Different trade-offs exist in previous methods between the overheads of the implementations and their robustness. The aim of this paper is to optimise the area of asynchronous circuits using partial acknowledgement concept. We employ this concept in two design flows, which are implemented in a software tool to evaluate the efficiency of the method. The benchmark results show the average reduction in area by 28% and in the number of inter-functional module wires that require timing verification by 67%, compared to NCL-X.
Platelets and parotid acinar cells have different mechanisms for agonist-stimulated divalent cation entry. (1988)

Stimulation of platelets with thrombin or parotid acinar cells with carbachol results in an increase in [Ca2+]i which is due to both release from internal stores and influx across the plasma membrane. In platelets, thrombin also stimulates Mn2+ entry into the cytosol; this is seen as a stimulated quench of fura-2 fluorescence. In the parotid, however, carbachol does not stimulate Mn2+ entry. This result suggests different mechanisms of stimulated divalent cation entry in the two cell types and could have important implications in the study of receptor-mediated Ca2+ entry mechanisms.
Epithelial ultrastructure and cellular mechanisms of acid and base transport in the<i>Drosophila</i>midgut (2009)

There is a resurgence of interest in the Drosophila midgut on account of its potential value in understanding the structure, development and function of digestive organs and related epithelia. The recent identification of regenerative or stem cells in the adult gut of Drosophila has opened up new avenues for understanding development and turnover of cells in insect and mammalian gastrointestinal tracts. Conversely, the physiology of the Drosophila gut is less well understood as it is a difficult epithelial preparation to study under controlled conditions. Recent progress in microperfusion of individual segments of the Drosophila midgut, in both larval and adult forms, has enabled ultrastructural and electrophysiological study and preliminary characterization of cellular transport processes in the epithelium. As larvae are more active feeders, the transport rates are higher than in adults. The larval midgut has at least three segments: an anterior neutral zone, a short and narrow acid-secreting middle segment and a long and wider posterior segment (which is the best studied) that secretes base (probably HCO(3)(-)) into the lumen. The posterior midgut has a lumen-negative transepithelial potential (35-45 mV) and a high resistance (800-1400 Omega.cm(2)) that correlates with little or no lateral intercellular volume. The primary transport system driving base secretion into the lumen appears to be a bafilomycin-A(1)-sensitive, electrogenic H(+) V-ATPase located on the basal membrane, which extrudes acid into the haemolymph, as inferred from the extracellular pH gradients detected adjacent to the basal membrane. The adult midgut is also segmented (as inferred from longitudinal gradients of pH dye-indicators in the lumen) into anterior, middle and posterior regions. The anterior segment is probably absorptive. The middle midgut secretes acid (pH<4.0), a process dependent on a carbonic-anhydrase-catalysed H(+) pool. Cells of the middle segment are alternately absorptive (apically amplified by approximately 9-fold, basally amplified by >90-fold) and secretory (apically amplified by >90-fold and basally by approximately 10-fold). Posterior segment cells have an extensively dilated basal extracellular labyrinth, with a volume larger than that of anterior segment cells, indicating more fluid reabsorption in the posterior segment. The luminal pH of anterior and posterior adult midgut is 7-9. These findings in the larval and adult midgut open up the possibility of determining the role of plasma membrane transporters and channels involved in driving not only H(+) fluxes but also secondary fluxes of other solutes and water in Drosophila.
A Conceptual Model of the Effects of Health Care Organizations on the Quality of Medical Care (1998)

There has been a great deal of interest in recent years in developing measures of health care quality that can be used to characterize and study the effects of health plans. However, because of the recent emergence of diverse types of health care organizations, it is often difficult to know which parts of a plan should be combined for analysis purposes. Also, simple taxonomies of health maintenance organizations (eg, staff, independent practice associations, group, and network) no longer adequately describe the diverse types of organizations that have become common. In this article we describe these trends, explain why older taxonomies of health care plans are not adequate, and present a new framework for characterizing and studying the effects of diverse types of plans.
Worldwide survey of direct-to-listener digital audio delivery systems development since WARC-1992 (1993)

Each country was allocated frequency band(s) for direct-to-listener digital audio broadcasting at WARC-92. These allocations were near 1500, 2300, and 2600 MHz. In addition, some countries are encouraging the development of digital audio broadcasting services for terrestrial delivery only in the VHF bands (at frequencies from roughly 50 to 300 MHz) and in the medium-wave broadcasting band (AM band) (from roughly 0.5 to 1.7 MHz). The development activity increase was explosive. Current development, as of February 1993, as it is known to the author is summarized. The information given includes the following characteristics, as appropriate, for each planned system: coverage areas, audio quality, number of audio channels, delivery via satellite/terrestrial or both, carrier frequency bands, modulation methods, source coding, and channel coding. Most proponents claim that they will be operational in 3 or 4 years.
Plasma membrane calcium ATPase isoform expression in cultured rat mesangial cells (1997)

The maintenance of intracellular ionized calcium (iCa2+) in the submicromolar range is important for mesangial cell (MC) function, and, as in most mammalian cells, plasma membrane Ca(2+)-ATPases (PMCA) play an important role in the homeostatic process. Molecular studies have demonstrated four PMCA isoforms, each with multiple splice variants. The present study examines the expression of PMCA isoforms and calmodulin-binding region splice variants in cultured MC from Sprague-Dawley rats and from spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats before and after the onset of hypertension in SHR. Using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Southern blot analyses, we have demonstrated PMCA1, -3, and -4, but not PMCA2, to be present in MC from these rat strains. Splice variant analysis revealed PMCA1a and -1b, PMCA3a, -3b, and -3c, and PMCA4a and -4b to be expressed in MC from all three strains. The relative quantities of PMCA1 and PMCA4 mRNA were not different in age-matched SHR vs. WKY rats, correlating with similar iCa2+ measurements. The expression of all three isoforms declined with age in SHR and WKY.
A new method for the purification and identification of covalently closed circular DNA molecules (1978)

A new technique has been developed for the rapid isolation of covalently closed circular DNA molecules. The procedure is a selective extraction based on differences in the partitioning of covalently closed circular DNA molecules and noncovalently closed species between phenol and water at acid pH and low ionic strength. Under the conditions described, linear as well as nicked circular DNA is extracted into phenol, while covalently closed circular DNA molecules remain in the water phase. The method permits the quantitative isolation of covalently closed circular DHA from either tofal cellular DNA or partially purified preparations, to a degree of purity comparable with buoyant density procedures.
Hybrid Cutting of Deformable Solids (2006)

A central training objective of virtual reality based surgical simulation is the removal of pathologic tissue. This necessitates stable, real-time updates of the underlying mesh representation. Within the framework of a hysteroscopy simulator, we have developed a hybrid cutting approach for tetrahedral meshes. It combines the topological update by subdivision with adjustments of the existing topology. Moreover, the mechanical and the visual model are decoupled, thus allowing different resolutions for the underlying mesh representations. With our method, we can closely approximate an arbitrary, user-defined cut surface while avoiding the creation of small or badly shaped elements, thus strongly reducing stability problems in the subsequent deformation computation. The presented approach has been integrated into a virtual reality training system for hysteroscopic interventions. The performance of the algorithm is demonstrated by examples of intra-uterine tumor ablations.