gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
BSS for improved interference estimation for Blind speech signal Extraction with two microphones (2009)

Blind Source Extraction (BSE) as desirable for acoustic cocktail party scenarios requires estimates for the target or interfering signals. Conventional single-channel approaches for obtaining the interference estimate rely on noise and interference estimates during absence of the target signal. For multichannel approaches using multiple microphone signals, a separation of simultaneously active target and interference signals becomes possible if the positions of the target and interfering sources are known. We propose a new method which exploits Directional BSS (Blind Source Separation with a geometric constraint) to estimate the interfering speech sources and diffuse background noise jointly and blindly. Herewith we can effectively deal with the underdetermined BSS scenario (more point sources than sensors) in reverberant environments and can even allow for additional babble noise in the background.
Edge indexing in a grid for highly dynamic virtual environments (2006)

Newly emerging game--based application systems such as Second Life1 provide 3D virtual environments where multiple users interact with each other in real--time. They are filled with autonomous, mutable virtual content which is continuously augmented by the users. To make the systems highly scalable and dynamically extensible, they are usually built on a client--server based grid subspace division where the virtual worlds are partitioned into manageable sub--worlds. In each sub--world, the user continuously receives relevant geometry updates of moving objects from remotely connected servers and renders them according to her viewpoint, rather than retrieving them from a local storage medium. In such systems, the determination of the set of objects that are visible from a user's viewpoint is one of the primary factors that affect server throughput and scalability. Specifically, performing real--time visibility tests in extremely dynamic virtual environments is a very challenging task as millions of objects and sub-millions of active users are moving and interacting. We recognize that the described challenges are closely related to a spatial database problem, and hence we map the moving geometry objects in the virtual space to a set of multi-dimensional objects in a spatial database while modeling each avatar both as a spatial object and a moving query. Unfortunately, existing spatial indexing methods are unsuitable for this kind of new environments.The main goal of this paper is to present an efficient spatial index structure that minimizes unexpected object popping and supports highly scalable real--time visibility determination. We then uncover many useful properties of this structure and compare the index structure with various spatial indexing methods in terms of query quality, system throughput, and resource utilization. We expect our approach to lay the groundwork for next--generation virtual frameworks that may merge into existing web--based services in the near future.
Pinning a domain wall in (Ga,Mn)As with focused ion beam lithography (2004)

We utilize a focused beam of Ga+ ions to define magnetization pinning sites in a ferromagnetic epilayer of (Ga,Mn)As. The nonmagnetic defects locally increase the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies, by which a domain wall is pinned at a given position. We demonstrate techniques for manipulating domain walls at these pinning sites as probed with the giant planar Hall effect. By varying the magnetic field angle relative to the crystal axes, an upper limit is placed on the local effective anisotropy energy.
Alteration of the E‐cadherin/β‐catenin cell adhesion system is common in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors and is an independent predictor of lymph node metastasis in atypical carcinoids (2005)

The subcellular compartmentalization of the E-cadherin/beta-catenin complex was altered in pulmonary neuroendocrine tumors. This likely affects the tumor growth pattern and cell motility of ACT and was correlated with the occurrence of lymph node metastases.
Structural changes during cellulose composite processing (2012)

Two approaches for creating a new all-cellulose composite material have been studied: the biosynthesis of compartmentalised bacterial cellulose fibril aggregates and the compression moulding of commercial chemical wood pulps processed with only water. The objective was to study the structural changes during processing and the complexity of relating the mechanical properties of the final biocomposites to the nanoscale structure was highlighted. Solid-state CP/MAS 13C NMR spectroscopy was utilised to determine both the fibril aggregate width and the content of the different crystalline cellulose forms, cellulose I and cellulose II. Using this method, the quantities of hemicellulose present inside the fibre wall and localised at the fibre surfaces could be determined. The formation of cellulose fibrils was affected by the addition of hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) to a culture medium of Acetobacter aceti, and the fibrils were coated with a thin layer of HEC, which resulted in loose bundles of fibril aggregates. The HEC coating, improved the fibril dispersion in the films and prevented fractures, resulting in a biocomposite with remarkable mechanical properties including improved strength (289 MPa), modulus (12.5 GPa) and toughness (6%). The effect of press temperature was studied during compression moulding of sulphite dissolving-grade pulps at 45 MPa. A higher press temperature yielded increases in the fibril aggregation, water resistance (measured as the water retention value) and Young’s modulus (12 GPa) in the final biocomposite. The high pressure was important for fibril aggregation, possibly including cellulose-cellulose fusion bonds, i.e., fibril aggregation in the fibre-fibre bond region. The optimal press temperature was found to be 170°C because cellulose undergoes thermal degradation at higher temperatures. The effect of hemicellulose was studied by comparing a softwood kraft paper-grade pulp with a softwood sulphite paper and a softwood sulphite dissolving-grade pulp. A significant fibril aggregation of the sulphite pulps suggested that the content and distribution of hemicellulose affected the fibril aggregation. In addition, the hemicellulose structure could influence the ability of the hemicellulose to co-aggregate with cellulose fibrils. Both sulphite pulp biocomposites exhibited Young’s moduli of approximately 12 GPa, whereas that of the kraft pulp was approximately half that value at 6 GPa. This result can be explained by a higher sensitivity to beating in the sulphite pulps. The effect of mercerisation, which introduces disordered cellulose, on the softwood sulphite dissolving-grade pulp was also studied under compression moulding at 170°C and 45 MPa. The mechanisms causing an incomplete transformation of cellulose I to II in a 12 wt% NaOH solution were discussed. The lower modulus of cellulose II and/or the higher quantity of disordered cellulose likely account for the decrease in Young’s modulus in the mercerised biocomposites (6.0 versus 3.9 GPa).
Three‐dimensional imaging in confocal imaging systems with finite sized detectors (1988)

SUMMARY We consider the effect of the finite size of the detector on both the lateral and axial resolution of the confocal system. The use of a finite sized detector means that the imaging is no longer truly coherent. We find that the lateral resolution is considerably more sensitive to the detector size than is the axial response. The question of the rejection of flare light is also considered. Experimental results are shown and we find that acceptable extended‐focus, auto‐focus and height images may be obtained from non truly‐confocal systems. We also find that lens apodization has a far greater effect on the axial resolution than the lateral resolution.
A Distributed Compressive Sensing Technique for Data Gathering in Wireless Sensor Networks (2013)

Compressive sensing is a new technique utilized for energy efficient data gathering in wireless sensor networks. It is characterized by its simple encoding and complex decoding. The strength of compressive sensing is its ability to reconstruct sparse or compressible signals from small number of measurements without requiring any a priori knowledge about the signal structure. Considering the fact that wireless sensor nodes are often deployed densely, the correlation among them can be utilized for further compression. By utilizing this spatial correlation, we propose a joint sparsity-based compressive sensing technique in this paper. Our approach employs Bayesian inference to build probabilistic model of the signals and thereafter applies belief propagation algorithm as a decoding method to recover the common sparse signal. The simulation results show significant gain in terms of signal reconstruction accuracy and energy consumption of our approach compared with existing approaches.
Comparative Pathogenesis of Infection of Pigs with Hepatitis E Viruses Recovered from a Pig and a Human (2001)

Specific-pathogen-free pigs were inoculated with one of two hepatitis E viruses (HEV) (one recovered from a pig and the other from a human) to study the relative pathogenesis of the two viruses in swine. Fifty-four pigs were randomly assigned to three groups. Seventeen pigs in group 1 served as uninoculated controls, 18 pigs in group 2 were intravenously inoculated with the swine HEV recovered from a pig in the United States, and 19 pigs in group 3 were intravenously inoculated with the US-2 strain of human HEV recovered from a hepatitis patient in the United States. Two to four pigs from each group were necropsied at 3, 7, 14, 20, 27, or 55 days postinoculation (DPI). Evidence of clinical disease or elevation of liver enzymes or bilirubin was not found in pigs from any of the three groups. Enlarged hepatic and mesenteric lymph nodes were observed in both HEV-inoculated groups. Multifocal lymphoplasmacytic hepatitis was observed in 9 of 17, 15 of 18, and 16 of 19 pigs in groups 1 to 3, respectively. Focal hepatocellular necrosis was observed in 5 of 17, 10 of 18, and 13 of 19 pigs in groups 1 to 3, respectively. Hepatitis lesions were very mild in group 1 pigs, mild to moderate in group 2 pigs, and moderate to severe in group 3 pigs. Hepatic inflammation and hepatocellular necrosis peaked in severity at 20 DPI and were still moderately severe at 55 DPI in the group inoculated with human HEV. Hepatitis lesions were absent or nearly resolved by 55 DPI in the swine-HEV-inoculated pigs. All HEV-inoculated pigs seroconverted to anti-HEV immunoglobulin G. HEV RNA was detected by reverse transcriptase PCR in feces, liver tissue, and bile of pigs in both HEV-inoculated groups from 3 to 27 DPI. Based on evaluation of microscopic lesions, the US-2 strain of human HEV induced more severe and persistent hepatic lesions in pigs than did swine HEV. Pig livers or cells from the livers of HEV-infected pigs may represent a risk for transmission of HEV from pigs to human xenograft recipients. Since HEV was shed in the feces of infected pigs, exposure to feces from infected pigs represents a risk for transmission of HEV, and pigs should be considered a reservoir for HEV.
A characterization of online browsing behavior (2010)

In this paper, we undertake a large-scale study of online user behavior based on search and toolbar logs. We propose a new CCS taxonomy of pageviews consisting of Content (news, portals, games, verticals, multimedia), Communication (email, social networking, forums, blogs, chat), and Search (Web search, item search, multimedia search). We show that roughly half of all pageviews online are content, one-third are communications, and the remaining one-sixth are search. We then give further breakdowns to characterize the pageviews within each high-level category.
Adenosine Triphosphate Conservation in Metabolic Regulation (1967)

Abstract The citrate cleavage enzyme (EC 4.1.3.8) of rat liver is inhibited by adenosine diphosphate, which appears to compete with adenosine triphosphate. This effect may ensure that fatty acids are produced only when the ATP level is high. The of the adenylate system, defined as (ATP + ½ ADP)/(AMP + ADP + ATP), is proposed as a fundamental metabolic control parameter. Enzymes that utilize ATP and are inhibited by ADP or AMP will yield steep curves of velocity as a function of energy charge (resembling the steep curves of velocity as a function of substrate concentration that are characteristic of many regulatory enzymes) even in the absence of multiple sites and cooperative binding.
An evaluation of MRI contrast in the uterus using synthetic imaging (1991)

Using a 1.5-T system, we investigated the contrast in MR images of the uterus using a synthetic imaging program that was capable of producing images with TR values of 20 to 10220 ms and TE values of 1 to 511 ms. Synthetic images were calculated from images obtained on six normal women of reproductive age. The synthesized uterine images were essentially indistinguishable from acquired images with the same TR and TE parameters. Cervical and uterine anatomy could be clearly differentiated in synthetic images with a TE = 80 ms when the TR was as low as 100 ms. We conclude that the zonal anatomy of the uterus can be demonstrated using TR values that are much lower than those usually used for demonstrating uterine anatomy.
Towards A New Generation of Car Navigation System- Data Fusion Technology in Solving On-board Camera Registration Problem (2008)

To properly align objects in the real and virtual world in an Augmented Reality (AR) space, it is essential to keep tracking camera’s exact 3D position and orientation, which is well known as the camera registration problem. Traditional vision based or inertial sensor based solutions are mostly designed for well-structured environment, which is however unavailable for outdoor uncontrolled road navigation applications. This paper proposed a hybrid camera pose tracking system that combines vision, GPS and 3D inertial gyroscope technologies. The fusion approach is based on our PMM (parameterized model matching) algorithm, in which the road shape model is derived from the digital map referring to GPS absolute road position, and matches with road features extracted from the real image. Inertial data estimates the initial possible motion, and also serves as the relative tolerance to stabilize output. The algorithms proposed in this paper are validated with the experimental results of real road tests under different conditions and types of road. 1. INSTRUCTION Tracking a moving camera’s three-dimensional (3D) position and orientation is essential to
Blind source separation and directional audio synthesis for binaural auralization of multiple sound sources using microphone array recordings (2008)

Microphone array signal processing techniques are extensively used for sound source localisation, acoustical characterisation and sound source separation, which are related to audio analysis. However, the use of microphone arrays for auralisation, which is generally related to synthesis, has been limited so far. This paper proposes a method for binaural auralisation of multiple sound sources based on blind source separation (BSS) and binaural audio synthesis. A BSS algorithm is introduced that exploits the intensity vector directions in order to generate directional signals. The directional signals are then used in the synthesis of binaural recordings using head related transfer functions. The synthesised recordings subsume the indirect information about the auditory environment conveying the source positions and the acoustics similar to dummy head recordings. Test recordings were made with a compact microphone array and a dummy head in different indoor environments. Subjective listening tests were performed to compare the synthesized recordings with the actual ones for their performance in providing presence, spaciousness and envelopment.
Adaptive isocurve-based rendering for freeform surfaces (1996)

article Free AccessAdaptive isocurve-based rendering for freeform surfaces Authors: Gershon Elber Computer Science Department, Technion--Israel Institute of Technology, 3200 Haifa, Israel Computer Science Department, Technion--Israel Institute of Technology, 3200 Haifa, IsraelView Profile , Elaine Cohen Computer Science Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT Computer Science Department, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UTView Profile Authors Info & Claims ACM Transactions on GraphicsVolume 15Issue 3July 1996 pp 249–263https://doi.org/10.1145/231731.231736Published:15 July 1996Publication History 13citation674DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations13Total Downloads674Last 12 Months19Last 6 weeks5 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
cDNA Array Analysis of Altered Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells in Response to<i>Chlamydia pneumoniae</i>Infection (2001)

Strong epidemiological and pathological evidence supports a role for Chlamydia pneumoniae infection in atherosclerosis and human coronary heart disease. Animal models have shown that C. pneumoniae disseminates hematogenously in infected monocytes and macrophages, while in vitro data suggest that infected macrophages can transmit C. pneumoniae infection directly to endothelial cells. Endothelial cells may be key in vivo targets for C. pneumoniae infection; given that these cells are important in regulating the dynamics of the vessel wall, we used cDNA microarrays to study the transcriptional response of endothelial cells to infection with C. pneumoniae. cDNA arrays were used to characterize the mRNA expression profiles for 268 human genes following infection with C. pneumoniae, which were compared to mRNA profiles of uninfected cells. Selected genes of interest were further investigated by reverse transcription-PCR throughout a 24-h period of infection. C. pneumoniae infection upregulated mRNA expression for approximately 20 (8%) of the genes studied. Genes coding for cytokines (interleukin-1), chemokines (monocyte chemotactic protein 1 and interleukin-8), and cellular growth factors (heparin-binding epidermal-like growth factor, basic fibroblast growth factor, and platelet-derived growth factor B chain) were the most prominently upregulated. In addition to these families of genes, increases in mRNA levels for intracellular kinases and cell surface receptors with signal transduction activities were observed. Time course experiments showed that mRNA levels were upregulated within 2 h following infection. These results expand our knowledge of the response of endothelial cells to C. pneumoniae by further defining the repertoire of C. pneumoniae-inducible genes and provide new insight into potential mechanisms of atherogenesis. In addition, the use of cDNA microarrays may prove useful for the study of host cell responses to C. pneumoniae infection during latent and replicative stages of infection and related pathology.
A Novel Method of Distance Measurement Based on Pulse Position Modulation and Synchronization of Chaotic Signals Using Ultrasonic Radar Systems (2008)

This paper deals with a novel method of transmission and receipt of a signal based on both the property of two chaotic systems generating the same chaotic signal when they are synchronized and the property of pulse position modulation (PPM) to be insensitive to the distortions of the transmission channel. The method is discussed in the context of ultrasonic radar systems, in which the transmitter and receiver, which consist of ultrasonic sensors, are near each other, and the received signal consists of the transmitted signal reflected by an obstacle. A reference sinusoidal signal is superimposed to a chaotic signal generated by a master chaotic system, and the whole signal is modulated according to the PPM method and transmitted by the sensor. The received signal is demodulated, and the demodulated signal forces a slave chaotic system to generate the chaotic signal embedded in it, which allows recovery of the sinusoidal signal by subtracting this chaotic signal from the demodulated echo. The difference of the phases of the reference sinusoidal signal and the recovered sinusoidal signal allows computation of the <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">time</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">of</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">flight</i> of the signal and, consequently, the distance of the radar system from the obstacle. The novel method is illustrated and tested by both simulation and experiments. The interference problem between the considered radar system and other radar systems ( <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">crosstalk</i> ) is also addressed, and a solution is proposed to avoid it.
Regulation of Metabolic Responses by Adipocyte/ Macrophage Fatty Acid–Binding Proteins in Leptin-Deficient Mice (2006)

Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are cytosolic fatty acid chaperones that play a critical role in systemic regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism. In animals lacking the adipocyte/macrophage FABP isoforms aP2 and mal1, there is strong protection against diet-induced obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, fatty liver disease, and hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. On high-fat diet, FABP-deficient mice also exhibit enhanced muscle AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) and reduced liver stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1) activities. Here, we performed a cross between aP2(-/-), mal1(-/-), and leptin-deficient (ob/ob) mice to elucidate the role of leptin action on the metabolic phenotype of aP2-mal1 deficiency. The extent of obesity in the ob/ob-aP2-mal1(-/-) mice was comparable with ob/ob mice. However, despite severe obesity, ob/ob-aP2-mal1(-/-) mice remained euglycemic and demonstrated improved peripheral insulin sensitivity. There was also a striking protection from liver fatty infiltration in the ob/ob-aP2-mal1(-/-) mice with strong suppression of SCD-1 activity. On the other hand, the enhanced muscle AMPK activity in aP2-mal1(-/-) mice was lost in the ob/ob background. These results indicated that both decreased body weight and enhanced muscle AMPK activity in aP2-mal1(-/-) mice are potentially leptin dependent but improved systemic insulin sensitivity and protection from liver fatty infiltration are largely unrelated to leptin action and that insulin-sensitizing effects of FABP deficiency are, at least in part, independent of its effects on total-body adiposity.