gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A random sample survey of initial drug resistance among tuberculosis cases in Latin America. (1994)

A random sample survey of initial drug resistance among cases of tuberculosis in Latin America was carried out during the second half of the 1980s and the early 1990s. A total of 948 cultures of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolated from patients presumed never before to have been treated for tuberculosis were collected from 30 randomly selected clusters in Latin America and tested for resistance to isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampicin, ethambutol, and thioacetazone. Initial drug resistance, although unevenly distributed, was detected in all the clusters tested and characterized one out of every six tuberculosis cases. Both single and multiple resistance to streptomycin and to isoniazid were the most prevalent forms throughout the region but were not sufficiently frequent to jeopardize significantly the outcome of short-course chemotherapy. However, localized pockets of high drug resistance occurred throughout the region and are cause for concern, especially in the case of rifampicin.
La coyuntura en el engañoso espejo en los medios de información (2003)

La incertidumbre politica le estan brotando nuevos jueces: los medios de comunicacion. Ante la ausencia de oposicion politica al regimen, estan copando ese espacio los propios miembros de Sociedad Patriotica y algunos sectores de Pachakutik, pero particularmente los comentaristas de television. Simultaneamente, podemos observar que un proceso politico que nacio con elementos ineditos esta, paradojicamente, reemplazando sus originalidades por una secular inestabilidad y por un nuevo escenario de crisis, acompanado de un compas de espera por parte de las elites politicas que se mantienen a la sombra, hasta ver que pasa con Lucio Gutierrez. ?Cuales eran esos elementos ineditos, vistos desde la curiosidad de un periodista? Pocos, pero dignos de una atencion mas detenida que la que obtienen, particularmente por parte de los medios informativos.
Convergent Evolution of Hyperswarming Leads to Impaired Biofilm Formation in Pathogenic Bacteria (2013)

Most bacteria in nature live in surface-associated communities rather than planktonic populations. Nonetheless, how surface-associated environments shape bacterial evolutionary adaptation remains poorly understood. Here, we show that subjecting Pseudomonas aeruginosa to repeated rounds of swarming, a collective form of surface migration, drives remarkable parallel evolution toward a hyperswarmer phenotype. In all independently evolved hyperswarmers, the reproducible hyperswarming phenotype is caused by parallel point mutations in a flagellar synthesis regulator, FleN, which locks the naturally monoflagellated bacteria in a multiflagellated state and confers a growth rate-independent advantage in swarming. Although hyperswarmers outcompete the ancestral strain in swarming competitions, they are strongly outcompeted in biofilm formation, which is an essential trait for P. aeruginosa in environmental and clinical settings. The finding that evolution in swarming colonies reliably produces evolution of poor biofilm formers supports the existence of an evolutionary trade-off between motility and biofilm formation.
Personalized content delivery to mobile devices (2004)

Mobile computing has become an interesting field of research due to the advancement of wireless technology. With the rapidly increasing bandwidth of wireless networks and demand of acquiring information anytime, anywhere, delivering content to mobile devices in an effective, efficient, and personalized manner has been recognized as one of the important capabilities for enabling information-on-demand. In this study, the concept of 'user profile' is used for delivering customized content to mobile users. The user profiles reside in an application server, which includes users' information interests, properties of mobile devices, and media preferences. When a wireless application receives an information request from a mobile user, it obtains relevant content from either company databases or other sources including the Internet based on keywords specified by the user, customizes it based on users' preferences and network condition, and returns it to the user. In other cases, a wireless application may automatically multicast certain information to a group of users who share the common interest via the 'push' technology. This study aims to explore effective ways to enable delivery of personalized content to mobile devices under the restrictions imposed by wireless networks and mobile devices.
Response and resistance in 300 patients with BCR‐ABL–positive leukemias treated with imatinib in a single center (2005)

The data emphasized the need for a prolonged follow-up of patients treated with imatinib to define the clinical potential of the drug and to establish methods to optimize therapy.
Dielectric breakdown in electrically stressed thin films of thermal SiO2 (1978)

A novel technique is described which was used to study the intrinsic breakdown mechanism in films of thermal SiO2 in the thickness range 30–300 Å. It was determined that high-field and high electron injection current conditions existing in the films just prior to breakdown result in the generation of a very high density of defects which behave electrically as stable electron traps. These traps are most likely generated close to the injecting electrode. The internal field in the oxide due to trapped electrons can approach 3×107 V/cm which appears to be the maximum field strength which Si-O bonding can withstand. At all temperatures between 77 and 393 °K, the breakdown mechanism is intimately related to the rate of generation of the electron traps. No evidence was found to support the impact ionization breakdown model. The technique is also described as a tool for yield measurements, with important implications for long-term reliability of MOS IC’s.
Isonitrin A: Revision of the Structure and Total Synthesis in Racemic Form (1991)

On the basis of nuclear Overhauser effect studies we present a revised structure for Isonitrin A and describe its total synthesis in racemic form starting from 6-methyl-6-trimethylsiloxyfulvene.
Air-Stable PbSe/PbS and PbSe/PbSe<i><sub>x</sub></i>S<sub>1</sub><sub>-</sub><i><sub>x</sub></i> Core−Shell Nanocrystal Quantum Dots and Their Applications (2006)

The optical properties and functionality of air-stable PbSe/PbS core-shell and PbSe/PbSexS1-x core-alloyed shell nanocrystal quantum dots (NQDs) are presented. These NQDs showed chemical robustness over months and years and band-gap tunability in the near infrared spectral regime, with a reliance on the NQD size and composition. Furthermore, these NQDs exhibit high emission quantum efficiencies of up to 65% and an exciton emission band that is narrower than that of the corresponding PbSe NQDs. In addition, the emission bands showed a peculiar energy shift with respect to the relevant absorption band, changing from a Stokes shift to an anti-Stokes shift, with an increase of the NQD diameter. The described core-shell structures and the corresponding PbSe core NQDs were used as passive Q-switches in eye-safe lasers of Er:glass, where they act as saturable absorbers. The absorber saturation investigations revealed a relatively large ground-state cross-section of absorption (sigma gs = 10(-16) - 10(-15) cm2) and a behavior of a "fast" absorber with an effective lifetime of tau eff approximately 4.0 ps is proposed. This lifetime is associated with the formation of multiple excitons at the measured pumping power. The product of sigma gs and tau eff enables sufficient Q-switching performance and tunability in the near infrared spectral regime. The amplified spontaneous emission properties of PbSe NQDs were examined under continuous illumination by a diode laser at room temperature, suitable for standard device conditions. The results revealed a relatively large gain parameter (g = 2.63 - 6.67 cm-1). The conductivity properties of PbSe NQD self-assembled solids, annealed at 200 degrees C, showed an Ohmic behavior at the measured voltages (up to 30 V), which is governed by a variable-range-hopping charge transport mechanism.
Shape from polarization: a method for solving zenithal angle ambiguity (2012)

We report a multispectral based method that permits the evolution of shape from polarization setup applied to 3D shape estimation of transparent objects. The setup is based on a polarization imaging technique which is a recent imaging method based on the analysis of the polarization state of the light in the observed scene. The technique has rapidly evolved with the development of electro-optic components and some polarization cameras are now available on the market. Shape from polarization consists in measuring the azimuthal and zenithal angles characterizing the normal of each point of the observed surface. We focus on the ambiguity in the measurement of the zenithal angle and propose a general multispectral approach for estimating the appropriate value of this angle.
Immunologic testing of xeno-derived osteochondral grafts using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from healthy human donors (2005)

The findings of the study suggest that photooxidized bovine, porcine or equine samples have the potential to be used as an osteochondral graft. Although the first step in processing reduced the immunological response, photooxidation is still necessary to retain the structure and mechanical integrity of the cartilage, which would allow for immediate joint resurfacing.
Polymeric amides from diamines and dibasic acids (1947)

Abstract Methods for the preparation of fiber‐forming polymeric amides from polymethylene diamines and polymethylene dicarboxylic acids, and the stabilization of these polymers against viscosity changes, have been described. The variation in physical properties, particularly melting points, of the polymeric amides with increasing chain length of the components has been discussed.
Concurrent engineering-why and what? (2002)

The authors focus on the need for and the underlying concepts of the concurrent engineering approach. They describe concurrent engineering methodology for product development. An attempt is made to clarify the prevailing misconceptions about concurrent engineering. The primary objectives of concurrent engineering and its impact on industry are also discussed. Some examples of organizations benefiting from concurrent engineering are presented to substantiate the potency and effectiveness of the methodology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modified Charpy hammer simulation of Steckel mill rolling of Nb microalloyed steels (1980)

Laboratory simulation of reversible hot rolling with a modified Charpy hammer has been undertaken on two niobium microalloyed steels and one plain carbon reference steel (0·11%C). Steckel mill hot-rolling schedules have been reproduced. Austenitic grain-size changes, softening behaviour, strain hardening, and carbonitride precipitation have been followed throughout the deformation schedules and during the delay between passes. Simulation of post-deformation treatments was also made via controlled cooling after the last deformation. The authors report the influence of rolling and coiling temperatures, and of C and Nb concentrations on austenite behaviour and ferrite microstructure and mechanical properties.
Memorial meshwork: The making of the commemorative space of the Hyde Park 7/7 Memorial (2015)

How do memorials act to transmit memory through the organization of space? In this article, we contrast a ‘preservation’ model of the endurance of encoded memory with a ‘meshwork’ model which treats memory as emergent on the perdurance of the memorial site. Developing a theoretical framework from Tim Ingold’s work, we describe how memorialization receives its spatial form through a collective work of braiding together multiple threads of activities and material flows. To illustrate, we examine the spatial and temporal organization of the Hyde Park 7/7 memorial from its initial designs, through to installation and contemporary use. We draw on interview data featuring various stakeholders in the 7/7 memorial project to analyse the relationship between memorial space and material relations. We develop an approach to organizational space as an unfinished meshwork that folds together wanted and unwanted memory, making the historical a matter of ongoing live concern but with the absence of a permanent guiding narrative.
Remote afterloading brachytherapy: human factors in a partially automated treatment system (2002)

Remote afterloading brachytherapy (RAB) introduces a radioactive source close to a target (or tumor) in the body with the object of delivering a prescribed dose of radiation to that target. Partial automation of the treatment delivery system using a computer to control the position of the source produces precise and repeatable control of source placement and has eliminated staff exposure to radiation during most RAB procedures. Some treatment planning and delivery problems affecting the radiation dose to the patient have been reported with these devices. A few of these problems have been traced to faulty equipment, but most have been attributed to human error. As part of a research study sponsored by The United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission, a human factors team has visited 23 RAB treatment delivery sites in the United States. The team performed a function and task analysis of RAB and used the results of that analysis to provide a framework for a systems analysis of the potential causes of human error in RAB. The authors present some of the error protection and detection methods used in these partially automated treatment systems and discuss ways in which they can be expected to succeed or fail from a human factors standpoint.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rat liver glutathione S-transferases. Complete nucleotide sequence of a glutathione S-transferase mRNA and the regulation of the Ya, Yb, and Yc mRNAs by 3-methylcholanthrene and phenobarbital. (1984)

With the use of cDNA probes reverse transcribed from purified glutathione S-transferase mRNA templates, four cDNA clones complementary to transferase mRNAs have been identified and characterized. Two clones, pGTB38 and pGTB34, have cDNA inserts of approximately 950 and 900 base pairs, respectively, and hybridize to a mRNA(s) whose size is approximately 980 nucleotides. In hybrid-select translation experiments, pGTB38 and pGTB34 select mRNAs specific for the Ya and Yc subunits of rat liver glutathione S-transferases. Clone pGTB33, which harbors a truncated cDNA insert, hybrid-selects only the Ya mRNA. All of the clones, pGTB38, pGTB34, and pGTB33, hybrid-select another mRNA which is specific for a polypeptide with an electrophoretic mobility slightly greater than the Ya subunit. The entire nucleotide sequence of the full length clone, pGTB38, has been determined and the complete amino acid sequence of the corresponding polypeptide has been deduced. The mRNA codes for a protein comprising 222 amino acids with Mr = 25,547. We have also identified a cDNA clone complementary to a Yb mRNA of the rat liver glutathione S-transferases. This clone, pGTA/C36, hybrid-selects only Yb mRNA(s) and hybridizes to a mRNA(s) whose size is approximately 1200 nucleotides. Although the Ya, Yb, and Yc mRNAs are elevated coordinately by phenobarbital and 3-methylcholanthrene, the Ya-Yc mRNAs are induced to a much greater extent compared to the Yb mRNA(s). These data suggest that the mRNAs for each transferase isozyme are regulated independently.
Actinomucor taiwanensis sp. nov., for manufacture of fermented soybean food (1985)

Volume: 23
Effects of extracts of <i>Zanthoxylum</i> fruit and their constituents on spontaneous beating rate of myocardial cell sheets in culture (1993)

Abstract In the course of our studies on naturally occurring cardioactive agents, we investigated the effects of water and methanol extracts of a Chinese crude drug “Huajiao” the dried fruit of Zanthoxylum bungeanum , on the spontaneous beating rate (BR) of embryonic mouse myocardial cell sheets in culture. Both extracts significantly increased the BR. Through bioassay directed fractionation of the extracts, hydroxy‐β‐sanshool (1b), xanthoxylin (2) and two quercetin glycosides, hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6), were found to increase the BR in a standard medium (2.1 m M Ca 2+ ). In a low Ca 2+ medium (0.5 m M Ca 2+ ), these compounds suppressed the decrease of BR, which was induced by low Ca 2+ . Of 16 flavonoids related in structure with hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6), quercetin, isoquercitrin, rutin, myricetin and myricitrin also increased the BR in the standard medium, while kaempferol and luteorin decreased the BR in the standard medium. When compared with control, hydroxy‐β‐sanshool (1b) and xanthoxylin (2) stimulated 13–15 fold calcium uptake of the cultured myocardial cells, which might have caused the positive chronotropic effect. Hyperin (4) and quercitrin (6) did not affect calcium uptake of the myocardial cells, Na + –K + ATPase activity or Ca 2+ ‐ATPase activity of sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Memory Management in a Viterbi Decoder (1981)

Management of the memory contents in a Viterbi decoder is a major design problem for both hardware and software realizations. In a naive implementation, every bit in the memory must be changed (read, modified, and rewritten) for each message bit decoded, and, in addition, some double buffering is required. An especially annoying feature is the need to read and rewrite long words, forty bits in a typical case. In this note we describe a memory organization which overcomes these problems. The techniques described here are not novel, but neither are they widely known.
The Role of Frame-Based Representation on the Semantic Web (2001)

A new architecture for the World Wide Web is emerging, known as the Semantic Web. In broad terms, it encompasses efforts to populate the Web with content which has formal semantics; this will enable automated agents to reason about Web content, and produce an intelligent response to unforeseen situations. We believe that to build the Semantic Web, the sharing of ontological information is required. This allows agents to reach partial shared understanding and thus interoperate. We are proposing frame-based representation as a suitable paradigm for building ontologies as well as the World Wide Web Consortium&apos;s RDF-formalism (and its extensions, such as the DARPA Agent Markup Language) as a manifestation of frame-based representation for the Web. The paper will discuss required and desirable features of ontological languages, giving examples of the possible usage of frame-based representation and ontologies on the Semantic Web. Introduction: Frame-based Representation Systems The term “Semantic Web ” encompasses efforts to build a new WWW architecture to support content with formal semantics; that is, content suitable for automated systems to consume, as opposed to content intended for human consumption. The Semantic Web will allow us to use more automated functions
[Liver morphology and clinical aspects of a case of cholesterol ester storage disease]. (1988)

Liver specimen morphology and clinical course of a case of cholesterol ester storage disease are presented. In a 16-year-old boy on the first biopsy a massive storage of neutral fats was found light microscopically and of cholesterol ester micropolariscopically. Advanced portal field fibrosis and severe reactive hepatitis indicate the danger of progression up to metaplasia. Typical membrane-surrounded lipid inclusions were found electron microscopically in hepatic cells, stellate cells and also in bile duct epithelium.
Respiratory load compensation in infants (1976)

We have studied the respiratory compensation for elastic loads in 15 term and preterm infants. Elastic loads, approximately equal to the infant's effective elastance, were applied to the airway for five breaths while tidal volume and mask pressure were monitored. Motion of the rib cage and abdomen were monitored simultaneously with magnetometers. The studies were done both in active or REM sleep and in quiet or non-REM sleep. During quiet sleep the load immediately reduced the tidal volume by about 50% but a progressive increase in tidal volume occurred over the next four loaded breaths. During active sleep load compensation was disorganized with respect to both tidal volume and frequency, and compensation was significantly less. Active sleep was also characterized by marked rib cage distortion. We suggest that during active sleep there is tonic inhibition of the intercostal muscles, allowing the diaphragm to distort the rib cage. This distortion impairs load compensation by a direct mechanical effect and indirectly by initiating an intercostal-phrenic reflex.
Design of a photoreactive analogue of the Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin STIb: use in identifying its receptor on rat brush border membranes. (1986)

The Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin, STIb was prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis and purified to homogeneity by high-pressure liquid chromatography. This analogue was iodinated and shown to bind specifically to rat intestinal membranes. The radiolabeled peptide was derivatized at the amino terminus with the photoreactive heterobifunctional crosslinking agent N-hydroxysuccinimidyl p-benzoylbenzoate. This photoreactive probe also exhibited binding specificity. It was mixed with rat intestinal brush border membranes and photolyzed in the presence or absence of excess unlabeled STIb. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis performed in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2-mercaptoethanol indicated that the peptide probe was crosslinked specifically to two molecular species of 57 and 75 kDa. One or both of these molecules appear to constitute the enterotoxin receptor or to be in close proximity to it.
Regulation of the Transfer of TI Plasmids of Agrobacterium tumefaciens (1979)

Summary: Octopine-utilizing agrobacteria could be distinguished from non-utilizers on a solid medium containing octopine as the only added nitrogen source if a pH indicator such as bromothymolblue were present. On green bromothymolblue plates, octopine-utilizing strains formed orange-yellow colonies, while those of non-utilizers were translucent. Strains could be tested for utilization of other nitrogen sources such as nopaline by substituting these for octopine in the same medium. Using bromothymolblue plates, it was found that TI plasmids of octopine-utilizing strains of Agrobacterium tumefaciens were transferable in the presence of octopine, octopinic acid or lysopine, but not in the presence of the analogues nor-octopine, homo-octopine or desmethylhomo-octopine. Transfer in the presence of “inducer” was not detected when bacteria were mated at 37 °C instead of 29 °C, or when either methionine, cysteine or cystine was present in the mating medium. Mutant plasmids were obtained that were conjugative in the absence of an inducer; these were insensitive to methionine and cysteine but, like the wild-type plasmid, were thermosensitive for transfer. The TI plasmid of an octopine-utilizing strain was introduced into a strain that carried a deleted nopaline TI plasmid. These plasmids were found to be compatible. The properties of this transconjugant showed that the octopine oxidase does not accept nopaline as a substrate. Tumours induced on Kalanchoë daigremontiana by this bacterium were rough and contained octopine. Exclusion of phage S18 was found to be a marker specific for the TI(Kerr14) plasmid.