gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Parameter Estimation in Computer Vision (1999)

Estimation techniques in computer vision applications must estimate accurate model parameters despite small-scale noise in the data, occasional large-scale measurement errors (outliers), and measurements from multiple populations in the same data set. Increasingly, robust estimation techniques, some borrowed from the statistics literature and others described in the computer vision literature, have been used in solving these parameter estimation problems. Ideally, these techniques should effectively ignore the outliers and measurements from other populations, treating them as outliers, when estimating the parameters of a single population. Two frequently used techniques are least-median of squares (LMS) [P. J. Rousseeuw, {J. Amer. Statist. Assoc., 79 (1984), pp. 871--880] and M-estimators [Robust Statistics: The Approach Based on Influence Functions, F. R. Hampel et al., John Wiley, 1986; Robust Statistics, P. J. Huber, John Wiley, 1981]. LMS handles large fractions of outliers, up to the theoretical limit of 50% for estimators invariant to affine changes to the data, but has low statistical efficiency. M-estimators have higher statistical efficiency but tolerate much lower percentages of outliers unless properly initialized. While robust estimators have been used in a variety of computer vision applications, three are considered here. In analysis of range images---images containing depth or X, Y, Z measurements at each pixel instead of intensity measurements---robust estimators have been used successfully to estimate surface model parameters in small image regions. In stereo and motion analysis, they have been used to estimate parameters of what is called the 'fundamental matrix,' which characterizes the relative imaging geometry of two cameras imaging the same scene. Recently, robust estimators have been applied to estimating a quadratic image-to-image transformation model necessary to create a composite, 'mosaic image' from a series of images of the human retina. In each case, a straightforward application of standard robust estimators is insufficient, and carefully developed extensions are used to solve the problem.
Pancreatic Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management (2016)

PC (pancreatic cancer) is the fourth most common cause of death due to cancer worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates have been increasing year by year worldwide, and this review has analyzed the most recent incidence and mortality data for pancreatic cancer occurrence in China. Several possible risk factors have been discussed here, involving known established risk factors and novel possible risk factors. The development of this cancer is a stepwise progression through intraepithelial neoplasia to carcinoma. Though early and accurate diagnosis is promising based on a combination of recent techniques including tumor markers and imaging modalities, lacking early clinical symptoms makes the diagnosis late. Correct staging is critical because treatment is generally based on this parameter. Treatment options have improved throughout the last decades. However, surgical excision remains the primary therapy and efficacy of conventional chemoradiotherapy for PC is limited. Recently, some novel new therapies have been developed and will be applied in clinics soon. This review will provide an overview of pancreatic cancer, including an understanding of the developments and controversies.
Resource-aware exploration of the emergent dynamics of simulated systems (2003)

The emerging science of simulation enables us to explore the dynamics of large and complex systems even if a formal representation and analysis of the system is intractable and a construction of a real-world instantiation for the purpose of experimentation is too expensive. A computer simulation model can be run for many more configurations and the accumulated observations deepen our understanding of the system's operation, but it is very important that we have tools that help us manage the huge numbers of experiments that need to be run and the massive data sets that are collected. Furthermore, as we explore vast parameter spaces of simulation model, we need guidance in finding regions of interest in a resource efficient way.In this paper we use a model of agent-based graph coloring to introduce a software infrastructure for the systematic execution of experiments across large regions of parameter space (parameter sweep). Furthermore, we present a multi-agent system that searches large parameter spaces automatically for regions of interest specified by a fitness function. The fitness function captures the researcher's interest in certain system dynamics. We specify a function that searches for overlap regions that accompany phase changes in the simulation model. The agents search the parameter space by executing simulation experiments in regions of high fitness. As a consequence, the use of computational resources is minimized.
Interaction of Auxilin with the Molecular Chaperone, Hsc70 (1997)

We have studied the direct interaction of the constitutive isoform of Hsp70 (Hsc70) with the DnaJ homolog, auxilin, a cofactor that binds to clathrin-coated vesicles and is required for their uncoating by Hsc70. Auxilin caused a 5-fold increase in Hsc70 ATPase activity and a corresponding increase in steady-state levels of bound ADP; the dissociation constant for this effect was 0.6 microM. Auxilin also induced polymerization of Hsc70 and bound to the resulting polymer at a 1:1 molar ratio; here too the dissociation constant was 0.6 microM. Both this binding and polymerization required ATP; the Hsc70 depolymerized with a 4-min half-life when ATP was completely hydrolyzed to ADP. Although auxilin induces polymerization stoichiometrically and other DnaJ homologs induce polymerization catalytically, these data show that auxilin is similar to other DnaJ homologs in its ability to activate the Hsc70 ATPase activity, to polymerize Hsc70, and in the nucleotide dependence of this polymerization. Furthermore, the 70-amino acid J-domain of auxilin polymerized Hsc70 with the same nucleotide dependence as intact auxilin. Therefore, although only auxilin and not other DnaJ homologs support uncoating, our data suggest that various DnaJ homologs share a common mechanism of interaction with Hsc70, perhaps because their J-domains interact similarly with Hsc70.
The Brn-3b Transcription Factor Regulates the Growth, Behavior, and Invasiveness of Human Neuroblastoma Cells in Vitro and in Vivo (2004)

Neuroblastomas are the second most common solid tumor in children but the molecular mechanisms underlying the initiation and progression of this disease are poorly understood. We previously showed that the Brn-3b transcription factor is highly expressed in actively proliferating neuroblastoma cells but is significantly decreased when these cells are induced to differentiate. In this study, we analyzed the effects of manipulating Brn-3b levels in the human neuroblastoma cell line, IMR-32 and showed that constitutive overexpression of Brn-3b consistently increased cellular growth and proliferation in monolayer as well as in an anchorage-independent manner compared with controls whereas stably decreasing Brn-3b can reduce the rate of growth of these cells. Cells with high Brn-3b also fail to respond to growth inhibitory retinoic acid, as they continue to proliferate. Moreover, Brn-3b levels significantly modified tumor growth in vivo with elevated Brn-3b resulting in faster tumor growth in xenograft models whereas decreasing Brn-3b resulted in slower growth compared with controls. Interestingly, elevated Brn-3b levels also enhances the invasive capacity of these neuroblastoma cells with significantly larger numbers of migrating cells observed in overexpressing clones compared with controls. Because invasion and metastasis influence morbidity and mortality in neuroblastoma and so significantly affect the course and outcome of neuroblastomas, this finding is very important. Our results therefore suggest that Brn-3b transcription factor contributes to proliferation of neuroblastoma cells in vivo and in vitro but may also influence progression and/or invasion during tumorigenesis. It is possible that decreasing Brn-3b levels may reverse some effects on growth and proliferation of these cells.
Peptidoglycan composition in heterogeneous Tn551 mutants of a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain. (1992)

It was shown that Tn551 inactivation of two chromosomal (so-called auxiliary) loci other than the mec gene result in a dramatic reduction of methicillin resistance and decreased cell wall turnover and autolytic capacity in a methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strain (de Jonge, B. L. M., de Lencastre, H., and Tomasz, A. (1990) J. Bacteriol. 173, 1105-1110). To understand the mechanistic basis of these phenomena we have examined the status of the autolytic enzymes and the muropeptide composition of peptidoglycan using reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectral analyses. While no differences could be detected in the number of autolytic hydrolases, the mutants showed major changes in peptidoglycan composition. Nine prominent muropeptides of the parental strain each carrying a pentaglycyl substituent were missing from the cell wall of one group of mutants. The second mutant lacked four parental muropeptides which were composed of the unsubstituted disaccharide pentapeptide and its alanyl-tetraglycine derivative. The auxiliary genes are genetic determinants involved with the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan precursors, the presence of which in the cell wall may be needed for optimal cell wall turnover.
Intellijoint HIP<sup>&reg;</sup>: a 3D mini-optical navigation tool for improving intraoperative accuracy during total hip arthroplasty (2016)

Total hip arthroplasty is an increasingly common procedure used to address degenerative changes in the hip joint due to osteoarthritis. Although generally associated with good results, among the challenges associated with hip arthroplasty are accurate measurement of biomechanical parameters such as leg length, offset, and cup position, discrepancies of which can lead to significant long-term consequences such as pain, instability, neurological deficits, dislocation, and revision surgery, as well as patient dissatisfaction and, increasingly, litigation. Current methods of managing these parameters are limited, with manual methods such as outriggers or calipers being used to monitor leg length; however, these are susceptible to small intraoperative changes in patient position and are therefore inaccurate. Computer-assisted navigation, while offering improved accuracy, is expensive and cumbersome, in addition to adding significantly to procedural time. To address the technological gap in hip arthroplasty, a new intraoperative navigation tool (Intellijoint HIP<sup>®</sup>) has been developed. This innovative, 3D mini-optical navigation tool provides real-time, intraoperative data on leg length, offset, and cup position and allows for improved accuracy and precision in component selection and alignment. Benchtop and simulated clinical use testing have demonstrated excellent accuracy, with the navigation tool able to measure leg length and offset to within <1 mm and cup position to within <1° in both anteversion and inclination. This study describes the indications, procedural technique, and early accuracy results of the Intellijoint HIP surgical tool, which offers an accurate and easy-to-use option for hip surgeons to manage leg length, offset, and cup position intraoperatively.
MULTI-STOREY CAR PARKS - 'THEIR REAL WORTH' (1919)

This paper gives a brief history of multi-storey car park design in the United Kingdom. The standards which should be met by new and existing car parks are discussed as is the need for repairing many of them. The approach used by Mott Macdonald for inspecting, testing, and rehabilitating car parks is presented. The various repair techniques required are briefly discussed. It is emphasised that rehabilitation of multi-storey car parks is a specialised field which involves many disciplines, and that an assessment of the overall structure should be done before patch repairs are carried out.
Determination of the regulon and identification of novel mRNA targets of <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> RsmA (2009)

One of the prokaryotic post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms involves the CsrA/RsmA family of proteins that act by modulating translation initiation at target mRNAs. In this study, we identified the regulon of RsmA of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAK strain by using cultures in the stationary phase of growth. The RsmA regulon includes over 500 genes, of which approximately one-third were affected by an rsmA mutation negatively, while the rest were affected positively. By isolating RsmA/mRNA complexes, analysing transcriptional and translational fusions, and performing gel-shift analyses, we identified 40 genes in six operons that are regulated by RsmA directly at the level of translation. All of these genes were affected by RsmA negatively and include genes encoding the type VI secretion system HSI-I, which has been implicated in the P. aeruginosa chronic infections. On the other hand, we were unable to demonstrate a direct interaction of RsmA with transcripts that are positively affected by this protein, including mRNAs encoding the type III secretion system and the type IV pili genes. Our work supports a model in which RsmA acts as a negative translational regulator, and where its positive effects are achieved indirectly by RsmA-mediated interference with translation of specific regulatory factors.
Asymmetric phosphorylation through catalytic P(III) phosphoramidite transfer: Enantioselective synthesis of <scp>d</scp> - <i>myo</i> -inositol-6-phosphate (2010)

Despite the ubiquitous use of phosphoramidite chemistry in the synthesis of biophosphates, catalytic asymmetric phosphoramidite transfer remains largely unexplored for phosphate ester synthesis. We have discovered that a tetrazole-functionalized peptide, in the presence of 10-Å molecular sieves, functions as an enantioselective catalyst for phosphite transfer. This chemistry in turn has been used as the key step in a streamlined synthesis of myo-inositol-6-phosphate. Mechanistic insights implicate phosphate as a directing group for a highly selective kinetic resolution of a protected inositol monophosphate. This work represents a distinct and efficient method for the selective catalytic phosphorylation of natural products.
Metal‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Organoboron Compounds with Organic Halides (2005)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale reduces the frequency of migraine attacks (2004)

Among 215 patients referred for percutaneous closure of patent foramen ovale (PFO) after presumed paradoxical embolism, we assessed the prevalence of migraine. In the year prior to PFO closure, 48 (22%) patients had migraine, twice the expected prevalence of 10 to 12% in the general European population. In patients with migraine with aura, percutaneous PFO closure reduced the frequency of migraine attacks by 54% (1.2 +/- 0.8 vs 0.6 +/- 0.8 per month; p = 0.001) and in patients with migraine without aura by 62% (1.2 +/- 0.7 vs 0.4 +/- 0.4 per month; p = 0.006). PFO closure did not have an effect on headache frequency in patients with nonmigraine headaches (1.4 +/- 0.9 vs 1.0 +/- 0.9 per month; p = NS).
GEX1 Compounds, Novel Antitumor Antibiotics Related to Herboxidiene, Produced by Streptomyces sp. II. The Effects on Cell Cycle Progression and Gene Expression. (2002)

Six GEX1 compounds, GEX1A/herboxidiene and its related 5 novel compounds, were isolated from a culture broth of Streptomyces sp. GEX1 compounds induced both G1 and G2/M arrest in a human normal fibroblast cell line, WI-38. All six compounds up-regulated luciferase reporter gene expression directed by enhancer/promoter of various genes, such as cdc2, IL-2 and SV40 early genes. All GEX1 compounds showed cytotoxic activities in the same order of the up-regulating activities on gene expression, suggesting that these two activities are related. Despite the up-regulating activities on the reporter gene expression, GEX1A/herboxidiene did not enhance the expression of any endogenous genes involved in the cell cycle, proliferation and apoptosis. Although the unique effects of GEX1 compounds on cell cycle and the reporter gene expression were similar to those of trichostatin A (TSA), an inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC), GEX1A/herboxidiene did not affect histone acetylation in cells. In addition, GEX1A/herboxidiene treatment gave rise to the shorter sized transcripts of the cdc25A and cdc2 genes as well as the normal sized ones. These results suggest that GEX1 compounds modulate gene expression by an unknown mechanism.
A hardware testbed for evaluation of adaptive antennas in GSM/UMTS (2002)

This paper gives a description of a hardware testbed for evaluation of adaptive base station antenna arrays in the GSM/UMTS. The testbed is aimed at the spatial and temporal characterisation of the radio channel and at the performance evaluation of array processing algorithms. The testbed consists of two test mobiles and an 8 element adaptive array receiver. The array processing is implemented by means of real-time digital signal processing hardware.
[Myocyte polyploidy in human cardiac pathology]. (1992)

With general atherosclerosis, the ploidy of left ventricle myocytes in the hearts of patients that underwent infarction corresponds to the norm variation irrespective of the ventricle and heart weights. At heart diseases the myocyte nucleus ploidy is often much higher than the norm variability both in hypertrophied ventricles and in those with normal weight. An additional polyploidization is suggested that may occur at some natural ontogenetic periods of human development (in the childhood) during heart diseases both innate or spontaneously appearing at the particular time. Unlike, the myocardial hypertrophy in adults does not stimulate myocyte polyploidy.
Hydrolysis and condensation of silanes in aqueous solutions (1984)

Abstract Aminosilanes hydrolyze rapidly in aqueous acidic solutions and exhibit good stability; however 1 H NMR measurements indicate that γ‐MPS (γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxy silane) hydrolyzes slowly and condenses rapidly under similar conditions. The rate constant of these two reactions depends upon the pH of the solution, and the rate constant of the condensation reaction also depends upon the initial γ‐MPS concentration. The hydrolysis is faster and the condensation slower at low pH's. These factors explain why an induction period is observed before the adsorption of γ‐MPS onto mica takes place and why it does not occur if the induction period is too long. Using the Lentz technique, it is also shown that the main species resulting from the condensation of a concentrated γ‐MPS solution is a cyclic trimer or tetramer, in agreement with literature results.
The Use of Cellobiose and Fructooligosaccharide on Growth and Stability of &lt;i&gt;Bifidobacterium infantis&lt;/i&gt; in Fermented Milk (2013)

The effects of cellobiose, fructooligosaccharide and their combination on fermentation of skim milk by probiotic Bifidobacterium infantis were evaluated using mean doubling time as a parameter for sustaining growth. The lowest mean doubling time was observed for 2% cellobiose, followed by a combination of 2% fructooligosaccharide (FOS) with 2% cellobiose, while during storage at 4℃ for 4 weeks of fermented milk, no significant differences were observed between fermented milk supplemented with 2% cellobiose and 2% FOS. The highest viability retention during storage was observed for the combination of the two prebiotics, cellobiose and FOS. The results indicate that, in milk supplemented with cellobiose or a combination of cellobiose and FOS, Bifidobacterium infantis remain viable during 4 weeks of storage, suggesting the usefulness of cellobiose as a prebiotic ingredient in fermented products involving bifidobacteria.
Clinical significance of fucose level in glycoprotein fraction of serum in patients with malignant tumors. (1977)

Through a single optical interface, a 250 μm pitch two-dimensional 2×8-channel optical transceiver is integrated on a lithographically patterned silicon interposer, offering 200 Gb/s data input and output duplex within an area of 6 mm×6 mm.
A new isoflavone from licorice root. (1978)

A new isoflavone, licoisoflavone A, was isolated from the root of Glycyrrhiza spp. (Leguminosae), and the structure I was formulated on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic studies.
EcoIMU: A Dual Triaxial-Accelerometer Inertial Measurement Unit for Wearable Applications (2010)

This paper describes EcoIMU, a gyro-free, wearable inertial measurement unit (IMU) built with a pair of triaxial accelerometers that are spatially separated and wirelessly connected on the body. It can output the translation and rotation of the body for the purpose of motion tracking and dead reckoning applications. It mitigates error accumulation and drift problems using domain knowledge including pause identification and geometric constraints on the two nodes. Experimental results show EcoIMU to have less drift error while consuming significantly lower power than comparable IMUs built with MEMS gyroscopes and accelerometers.
Special feature. The role of the bill-of-materials as a CAD/CAPM interface and the key importance of engineering change control (1992)

The role of the bill of materials is central to the integration of computer-aided design and computer-aided production management systems. Increasingly specific customer demands often involve significant changes to the bill-of-materials. This article explains the implications of engineering change control on the bill-of-materials and the CAD/CAPM interface. Case studies illustrate the success of introducing engineering change control to integrate manufacturing and design systems.
Nuclear localization and histone acetylation: a pathway for chromatin opening and transcriptional activation of the human β-globin locus (2000)

We have investigated the mechanism, structural correlates, and cis-acting elements involved in chromatin opening and gene activation, using the human beta-globin locus as a model. Full transcriptional activity of the human beta-globin locus requires the locus control region (LCR), composed of a series of nuclease hypersensitive sites located upstream of this globin gene cluster. Our previous analysis of naturally occurring and targeted LCR deletions revealed that chromatin opening and transcriptional activity in the endogenous beta-globin locus are dissociable and dependent on distinct cis-acting elements. We now report that general histone H3/H4 acetylation and relocation of the locus away from centromeric heterochromatin in the interphase nucleus are correlated and do not require the LCR. In contrast, LCR-dependent promoter activation is associated with localized histone H3 hyperacetylation at the LCR and the transcribed beta-globin-promoter and gene. On the basis of these results, we suggest a multistep model for gene activation; localization away from centromeric heterochromatin is required to achieve general hyperacetylation and an open chromatin structure of the locus, whereas a mechanism involving LCR/promoter histone H3 hyperacetylation is required for high-level transcription of the beta-globin genes.