gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CD44 and CD69 Represent Different Types of Cell-surface Activation Markers for Human Eosinophils (1998)

Eosinophils (EOS) purified from peripheral blood or late-phase bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were analyzed with 473 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the Fifth International Workshop on Human Leukocyte Antigens in an attempt to identify markers of EOS activation. Two strategies were used: (1) to look for surface markers absent on fresh EOS but present after in vivo activation (e. g., in late-phase BAL fluid [BALF]) or after in vitro culture for up to 72 h with cytokines (<= 10 ng/ml of interleukin-3 [IL-3], IL-5, or granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF]); and (2) to look for markers constitutively expressed on fresh EOS that were increased after activation in vivo or after culture in vitro. With indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, the first approach revealed that among approximately 350 mAbs tested, only those recognizing CD69 became bound to late-phase BALF EOS or cytokine-cultured EOS, but not to fresh EOS. Using the second approach, we observed statistically significant concentration- and time-dependent increases in CD44 expression in EOS cultured with IL-3, IL-5, or GM-CSF (approximately 2-fold increase in fluorescence intensity, P < 0.05), but not with interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) (up to 100 ng/ml), whereas levels of 15 other constitutively expressed markers were unchanged. Despite increased expression, neither fresh nor cytokine-cultured EOS adhered to immobilized hyaluronate, a ligand for CD44. Additionally, simultaneous comparison of hypodense (specific gravity < 1.085 g/liter) and normodense (specific gravity > 1.085 g/liter) EOS from allergic donors consistently revealed higher levels of CD44 expression (approximately 3- to 8-fold) but not CD69 expression on hypodense EOS. We conclude that CD69 and CD44 represent different types of activation markers for human EOS. These findings may be useful in assessing the state of EOS activation in vitro and in vivo.
Tumor Necrosis Factor Reduces Brain Tumor Growth by Enhancing Macrophage Recruitment and Microcyst Formation (2005)

Recent findings implicate macrophages and some of their secreted products, especially tumor necrosis factor (TNF), as tumor promoters. Inhibitors of these inflammatory components are currently regarded as potential therapeutic tools to block tumor progression. Here, we show that infiltrating macrophages represented a significant population of nonneoplastic cells within malignant gliomas, in which they were the exclusive producers of TNF. Contrary to the reported pro-oncogenic effects of TNF in other types of solid tumors, glioma-bearing mice deficient in TNF developed larger tumors and had reduced survival compared with their wild-type controls. Histologic examinations revealed that glioma volume was negatively correlated with the number of macrophages and small cavities called microcysts. Overall, our results support the concept that macrophages alter brain tumor development through a TNF-dependent process that culminates in the formation of microcysts. This raises the question of whether anti-inflammatory drugs, such as those commonly administrated to patients with brain cancer, could interfere with antitumor mechanisms.
AMSH is an endosome-associated ubiquitin isopeptidase (2004)

The JAMM (JAB1/MPN/Mov34 metalloenzyme) motif has been proposed to provide the active site for isopeptidase activity associated with the Rpn11/POH1 subunit of the 19S-proteasome and the Csn5-subunit of the signalosome. We have looked for similar activity in associated molecule with the SH3 domain of STAM (AMSH), a JAMM domain-containing protein that associates with the SH3-domain of STAM, a protein, which regulates receptor sorting at the endosome. We demonstrate isopeptidase activity against K48-linked tetraubiquitin and K63-linked polyubiquitin chains to generate di-ubiquitin and free ubiquitin, respectively. An inactivating mutation (D348A) in AMSH leads to accumulation of ubiquitin on endosomes and the concomitant stabilization of a ubiquitinated form of STAM, which requires an intact ubiquitin interaction motif (UIM) within STAM. Short interfering RNA knockdown of AMSH enhances the degradation rate of EGF receptor (EGFR) following acute stimulation and ubiquitinated EGFR provides a substrate for AMSH in vitro. We propose that AMSH is a deubiquitinating enzyme with functions at the endosome, which oppose the ubiquitin-dependent sorting of receptors to lysosomes.
Archimedes in the Middle Ages. Volume 1: The Arabo-Latin Tradition. By Marshall Clagett. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press. Pp. xxxii + 720. 1964. $12.00. (1967)

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Correction: Comprehensive Analysis of Leukocytes, Vascularization and Matrix Metalloproteinases in Human Menstrual Xenograft Model (2011)

In our previous study, menstrual-like changes in mouse were provoked through the pharmacologic withdrawal of progesterone with mifepristone following induction of decidualization. However, mouse is not a natural menstruation animal, and the menstruation model using external stimuli may not truly reflect the occurrence and development of the human menstrual process. Therefore, we established a model of menstruation based on human endometrial xenotransplantation. In this model, human endometrial tissues were transplanted subcutaneously into SCID mice that were ovarectomized and supplemented with estrogen and progestogen by silastic implants with a scheme imitating the endocrinological milieu of human menstrual cycle. Morphology, hormone levels, and expression of vimentin and cytokeratin markers were evaluated to confirm the menstrual-like changes in this model. With 28 days of hormone treatment, transplanted human endometrium survived and underwent proliferation, differentiation and disintegration, similar to human endometrium in vivo. Human CD45 + cells showed a peak of increase 28 days post-transplantation. Three days after progesterone withdrawal, mouse CD45 + cells increased rapidly in number and were significantly greater than human CD45 + cell counts. Mouse CD31 + blood vascular-like structures were detected in both transplanted and host tissues. After progesterone withdrawal, the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) 1, 2, and 9 were increased. In summary, we successfully established a human endometrial xenotransplantation model in SCID mice, based on the results of menstrual-like changes in which MMP-1, 2 and 9 are involved. We showed that leukocytes are originated from in situ proliferation in human xenografts and involved in the occurrence of menstruation. This model will help to further understand the occurrence, growth, and differentiation of the endometrium and the underlying mechanisms of menstruation.
The role of avionics in modern aircraft (1978)

Avionics as a term was introduced in the USA in the early 1950s to describe the systems which depend on and exploit electronic technology in the aviation field. Its role has become more and more important in modern aircraft, and the cost of the avionic system now fitted can equal as much as one-third or more of the total aircraft cost. The world market for avionics equipment over the next 10 years is estimated to be in the region of £30 billion, and so its importance for the future can be appreciated
Deep Metric Learning to Rank (2019)

We propose a novel deep metric learning method by revisiting the learning to rank approach. Our method, named FastAP, optimizes the rank-based Average Precision measure, using an approximation derived from distance quantization. FastAP has a low complexity compared to existing methods, and is tailored for stochastic gradient descent. To fully exploit the benefits of the ranking formulation, we also propose a new minibatch sampling scheme, as well as a simple heuristic to enable large-batch training. On three few-shot image retrieval datasets, FastAP consistently outperforms competing methods, which often involve complex optimization heuristics or costly model ensembles.
Multi-ring approach for ATM-VP networks survivability (2002)

A multiring approach to the problem of a virtual path (VP) restoration in asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) networks is introduced. The flexible restoration architecture provided can survive simultaneous network equipment failures, like fiber cuts or node defects. Multilevel protection of VPs against failures is achieved as a result of planning on a central basis (preventive restoration action) combined with distributed control (reactive restoration action). The strategy provides several coherent schemes ranging from centralized to distributed processing. Each of them is a tradeoff between performance requirements and costs. The major schemes are presented and discussed. To illustrate the approach, an example mesh-type ATM-VP network is analyzed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Topical delivery for the treatment of psoriasis (2010)

New topical formulations have the potential to achieve better efficacy with improved safety profile.
Psychologische Forschung zum Müllproblem (1994)

Einleitend zu dem Kapitel über die bisherige Forschung zum Müllproblem möchte ich die historische Entwicklung der umweltpsychologischen Forschung zum Thema "Müll" betrachten. Dabei zeichnet sich ein Wandel des Forschungsinteresses vom Motiv des Sauberhaltens der Umwelt (pollution control) über Ressourcenschonung (conservation) hin zum Motiv der Vermeidung von Müll(deponien) aus Gesund-heits-bzw. Naturschutzgründen ab. Gleichzeitig ist damit ein Wandel des vorherrschenden Gegenstandes der Müllforschung verbunden, weg vom Thema "Littering" zum Thema "Recycling" und "Waste Reduction".
Reaching to Grasp With a Multi-Jointed Arm. I. Computational Model (2002)

The generation of goal-directed movements requires the solution of many difficult computational problems. Among these are transformations from extrinsic to intrinsic reference frames, specifying solution paths, removing under-specification due to excess degrees of freedom and path multiplicity, constraint satisfaction, and error correction. There are no current motor-control computational models that address these issues in the context of realistic arm movement with redundant degrees of freedom. In this paper, we conjecture there is a geometric stage between sensory input and physical execution. The geometric stage determines movement trajectories independently of forces. It uses a gradient technique that relies on the metric of the space of postures to resolve endpoint path selection, posture-change specification, error correction, and multiple constraint satisfaction on-line without preplanning. The model is instantiated in an arm with seven degrees of freedom that moves in three-dimensional space. Simulated orientation-matching movements are compared with actual human movement data to assess the validity of several of the model's behavioral predictions.
Fabrication of Graphene/Polyaniline Composite Paper <i>via</i> <i>In Situ</i> Anodic Electropolymerization for High-Performance Flexible Electrode (2009)

Freestanding and flexible graphene/polyaniline composite paper was prepared by an in situ anodic electropolymerization of polyaniline film on graphene paper. This graphene-based composite paper electrode, consisting of graphene/polyaniline composite sheets as building blocks, shows a favorable tensile strength of 12.6 MPa and a stable large electrochemical capacitance (233 F g(-1) and 135 F cm(-3) for gravimetric and volumetric capacitances), which outperforms many other currently available carbon-based flexible electrodes and is hence particularly promising for flexible supercapacitors.
MMIC-based FM-CW radar for multipolarization backscatter measurements (2002)

Presents a compact multipolarization radar that is designed around a new FM-CW microwave monolithic integrated circuit (MMIC). The FM-CW MMIC device consists of a varactor-tuned oscillator, an amplifier, an active circulator and a mixer. The radar is designed to transmit either a vertically or horizontally polarized signal and to receive both co- and cross-polarized signals simultaneously. The MMIC device is integrated with an external receiver and GaAs transfer switch to obtain all four linear polarizations. The cross-polarization receiver was assembled using a GaAs MMIC mixer and amplifier. The signal processor is a standard commercially available digital signal processing (DSP) board, which is connected to the bus of a personal computer. The radar and signal processor were developed by undergraduate students enrolled in a one-semester senior design course. The total cost of the radar, including the DSP board, was less than $10,000.
A sequential monte-carlo kalman filter based delay and channel estimation method in the MIMO-OFDM system (2005)

We propose a new propagation delay and channel estimation algorithm for a MIMO-OFDM system. To estimate delay parameters which enter the observation function in a nonlinear manner, we propose a sequential Monte-Carlo (SMC) filter which incorporates the extended Kalman filter (EKF) to generate delay samples. To reduce the complexity, the SMC filter employs sequential importance sampling. In the MIMO-OFDM system, the initial estimate for the delays and channels are obtained using one training symbol. In the remaining OFDM symbol intervals, the QRD-M algorithm is employed to detect the transmitted data symbols. The QRD-M data detector and SMC channel/delay estimator are finally combined in a joint decision-directed algorithm.
Block copolymers and liquid crystalline block copolymers: A bird's‐eye view (1997)

Abstract Block copolymers and liquid crystals are separately known to order at different length scales. Various types of molecular interactions in liquid crystalline block copolymers determine complex phase behaviors and states of order, and thereby can provide a way of tailoring the material properties. Examples of liquid crystalline block copolymers will be discussed as they may offer unique opportunities for both theoretical and experimental research.
Multi-bit high-order incremental converters with digital calibration (2009)

Cascade scheme of single order incremental modulators that obtain high-order architectures are studied. The use of high-order obtains a high number of bit with a small number of clock periods. Moreover, it is possible to use multi-bit modulators in the last stages of the chain. The requests of low gain error in the first stages of the cascade are satisfied with an off-line gain mismatch error and digital calibration of result.
Design and implementation of a MAC controller for the IEEE802.11 wireless LAN (2001)

IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs have a tremendous market potential, as they support high data rates, work in the world-wide licence free 2.4 GHz ISM band and have high performance in terms of range and power consumption. Hence, the development of a communication processor that supports the IEEE 802.11 MAC functions has a significant potential, making very important the concept of having an ASIC ‘right from the first time’, in order to minimize development cost and to meet short time-to-market requirements. This paper presents the methodology of developing such a component with emphasis on the rapid prototyping approach. The chip architecture, which is based on an ARM processor core, is described in detail, focusing on the implementation of the protocol functions using custom hardware modules. Finally, the paper presents experimental results on the ASIC implementation.
High bandwidth, high responsivity waveguide-coupled germanium p-i-n photodiode (2015)

A novel waveguide-coupled germanium p-i-n photodiode is demonstrated which combines high responsivity with very high -3 dB bandwidth at a medium dark current. Bandwidth values are 40 GHz at zero bias and more than 70 GHz at -1 V. Responsivity at 1.55 µm wavelength ranges from 0.84 A/W at zero bias to 1 A/W at -1 V. Room temperature dark current density at -1 V is about 1 A/cm2. The high responsivity mainly results from the use of a new, low-loss contact scheme, which moreover also reduces the negative effect of photo carrier diffusion on bandwidth.
Complementary Tunneling-FETs (CTFET) in CMOS Technology (2003)

The short channel effects (SCE) are becoming serious problems as MOSFET scales down to the deep sub-micron dimension. For this reason, a silicon tunneling transistor called TFET is investigated. The device and process simulations are carried out to investigate physical principle, optimized fabrication conditions, and future structure of TFET. With the improved technologies, the complementary TFETs are realized on the single silicon wafer. The room temperature gate-controlled tunneling is realized in this silicon device. Due to the low leakage current, TFET can be used in the low power circuits. In addition, TFET is suitable for microwave application because of the short electron transit time through its channel.
The diagnosis of emphysema. A computed tomographic-pathologic correlation. (1986)

To assess the accuracy of computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of emphysema, we performed CT on 32 patients prior to surgery for removal of suspected tumors. The CT scans were assessed visually for emphysema by 2 independent radiologists and 1 chest physician. Intraobserver and interobserver variation were assessed. Pathologic emphysema was graded on the resected lung specimens. These grades were correlated with the CT scores and with pulmonary function tests obtained prior to surgery. Significant correlation was found between the pathologic grade on resected lung specimens and the preoperative CT score of both the resected lobe (r greater than or equal to 0.57, p less than 0.001) and the whole lung (r greater than or equal to 0.63, p less than 0.001). Compared with pulmonary function tests, CT was a better predictor of emphysema and distinguished patients with moderate emphysema from patients with normal lungs. We conclude that CT is a useful adjunct in assessing the presence and severity of emphysema.
Electronic commerce on the move (1998)

This paper will address some of the business factors and technical developments that are driving electronic commerce in mobile telecommunications. The trend towards mass-market penetration coupled with increased processing power in the handset are evolving mobile networks into one of the primary e-commerce platforms in Europe.

The author will introduce two European pilot programs where the mobile handset-instead of a dedicated PC-is the vehicle for digital transactions. One program known as Smart Access is a service model that uses electronic cash, while a second model in Finland employs intelligent network technology to allow the user to 'Dial-a-Coke' from a vending machine and settle the transaction on their monthly telephone bill.

The next section will introduce an aspect of third generation mobile systems known as the Virtual Home Environment (VHE). The VHE is widely considered to be that part of the network architecture where mobile electronic commerce applications or services could reside. The last section will conclude with a comment about mobile electronic commerce.
Glutamate acting on NMDA receptors stimulates neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule cells (1987)

The effect of endogenous glutamate on neurite outgrowth from cerebellar granule cells in culture was examined. Neurite outgrowth was inhibited by enzymatic removal of endogenous glutamate from the culture medium. The broad-spectrum glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenate also inhibited neurite outgrowth from granule cells in serum-containing and serum-free cultures; the inhibition by kynurenate was reversed by exogenous glutamate. Neurite outgrowth was inhibited to the same extent by the NMDA receptor antagonist APV. These results indicate that endogenous glutamate, possibly released by granule cells themselves, stimulated neurite outgrowth through activation of the NMDA class of glutamate receptors. Activation of NMDA receptors on developing neurons may be an important mechanism for the regulation of neuronal growth and differentiation.
Cell division in Escherichia colicultures monitored at single cell resolution (2008)

In principle, the approaches developed here could be used to detect differences in cell division in response to different environmental conditions and in cultures of unicellular organisms other than E. coli.
Robust Image Segmentation using Active Contours: Level Set Approaches (2005)

Image segmentation is a fundamental task in image analysis responsible for partitioning an image into multiple sub-regions based on a desired feature. Active contours have been widely used as attractive image segmentation methods because they always produce sub-regions with continuous boundaries, while the kernel-based edge detection methods, e.g. Sobel edge detectors, often produce discontinuous boundaries. The use of level set theory has provided more flexibility and convenience in the implementation of active contours. However, traditional edge-based active contour models have been applicable to only relatively simple images whose sub-regions are uniform without internal edges.\n\nA partial solution to the problem of internal edges is to partition an image based on the statistical information of image intensity measured within sub-regions instead of looking for edges. Although representing an image as a piecewise-constant or unimodal probability density functions produces better results than traditional edge-based methods, the performances of such methods is still poor on images with sub-regions consisting of multiple components, e.g. a zebra on the field. The segmentation of this kind of multispectral images is even a more difficult problem. The object of this work is to develop advanced segmentation methods which provide robust performance on the images with non-uniform sub-regions.\n\nIn this work, we propose a framework for image segmentation which partitions an image based on the statistics of image intensity where the statistical information is represented as a mixture of probability density functions defined in a multi-dimensional image intensity space. Depending on the method to estimate the mixture density functions, three active contour models are proposed: unsupervised multi-dimensional histogram method, half-supervised multivariate Gaussian mixture density method, and supervised multivariate Gaussian mixture density method. The implementation of active contours is done using level sets.\n\nThe proposed active contour models show robust segmentation capabilities on images where traditional segmentation methods show poor performance. Also, the proposed methods provide a means of autonomous pattern classification by integrating image segmentation and statistical pattern classification.