gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antiviral Activity of Bay 41-4109 on Hepatitis B Virus in Humanized Alb-uPA/SCID Mice (2011)

Current treatments for HBV chronic carriers using interferon alpha or nucleoside analogues are not effective in all patients and may induce the emergence of HBV resistant strains. Bay 41-4109, a member of the heteroaryldihydropyrimidine family, inhibits HBV replication by destabilizing capsid assembly. The aim of this study was to determine the antiviral effect of Bay 41-4109 in a mouse model with humanized liver and the spread of active HBV. Antiviral assays of Bay 41-4109 on HepG2.2.15 cells constitutively expressing HBV, displayed an IC(50) of about 202 nM with no cell toxicity. Alb-uPA/SCID mice were transplanted with human hepatocytes and infected with HBV. Ten days post-infection, the mice were treated with Bay 41-4109 for five days. During the 30 days of follow-up, the HBV load was evaluated by quantitative PCR. At the end of treatment, decreased HBV viremia of about 1 log(10) copies/ml was observed. By contrast, increased HBV viremia of about 0.5 log(10) copies/ml was measured in the control group. Five days after the end of treatment, a rebound of HBV viremia occurred in the treated group. Furthermore, 15 days after treatment discontinuation, a similar expression of the viral capsid was evidenced in liver biopsies. Our findings demonstrate that Bay 41-4109 displayed antiviral properties against HBV in humanized Alb-uPA/SCID mice and confirm the usefulness of Alb-uPA/SCID mice for the evaluation of pharmaceutical compounds. The administration of Bay 41-4109 may constitute a new strategy for the treatment of patients in escape from standard antiviral therapy.
Perfusion of the Juxtapapillary Retina and the Neuroretinal Rim Area in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma (1996)

In POAG, optic nerve head blood flow and juxtapapillary blood flow were significantly decreased.
Highly Selective Recognition of Thymidine Mono- and Diphosphate Nucleotides in Aqueous Solution by Ditopic Receptors Zinc(II)−Bis(cyclen) Complexes (Cyclen = 1,4,7,10-Tetraazacyclododecane) (2000)

Highly selective and efficient recognition of thymidine and uridine nucleotides such as 3‘-dTMP (thymidine 3‘-monophosphate), 5‘-dTMP (thymidine 5‘-monophosphate), 2‘-UMP (uridine 2‘-monophosphate), 3‘-UMP (uridine 3‘-monophosphate), 5‘-UMP (uridine 5‘-monophosphate), 5‘-dTDP (thymidine 5‘-diphosphate), 5‘-dTTP (thymidine 5‘-triphosphate), AZTMP (3‘-azido-3‘-deoxythymidine 5‘-monophosphate), and AZTDP (3‘-azido-3‘-deoxythymidine 5‘-diphosphate) with ditopic dimeric zinc(II) complexes of macrocyclic 12-membered tetramines, meta- and para-xylyl-bis(Zn2+-cyclen)s (Zn2L4 and Zn2L5) (cyclen = 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane) has been studied by potentiometric pH titration, isothermal titration calorimetry, UV spectrophotometric titration, and NMR titration. The apparent 1:1 complexation constants for 5‘-dTMP, Kapp (= [(Zn2L)−(S-−OPO32-)]/[Zn2L]free[S−OPO32-]free (M-1)), where S- denotes the imide-deprotonated thymine part), with Zn2L4 or Zn2L5 determined by potentiometric pH titration showed a more stable complex with Zn2L5 (log Kapp = 6.4) than with Zn2L4 (log Kapp = 5.5) at pH 7.6 with I = 0.1 (NaNO3) and 25 °C. These values are much greater than log Kapp (Kapp = [ZnL3−dT-]/[ZnL3]free[dT]free (M-1)) of 3.2 for a nucleoside thymidine (dT) complex with a monomeric Zn2+-benzylcyclen (ZnL3). The 1:1 complexation was confirmed by the FAB mass spectroscopic data for Zn2L with 3‘- and 5‘-dTMP. The combined data from the spectrophotometric UV titration and 1H NMR measurements of 5‘-dTMP and 5‘-dTDP with Zn2L5 in D2O at pD 7.8 and 35 °C indicated that the terminal phosphate dianion interacted with one of the (Zn2+-cyclen)s and the imide anion of dT bound to the other Zn2+-cyclen.
Assessment-driven selection and adaptation of exercise difficulty in robot-assisted therapy: a pilot study with a hand rehabilitation robot (2014)

ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT02096445.
Neurological complications of pertussis inoculation (1974)

Findings are presented in 36 children, seen in the past 11 years, who are believed to have suffered from neurological complications of pertussis inoculation (given as triple vaccine). The clustering of complications in the first 24 hours after inoculation suggests a causal rather than a coincidental relation. Possible contributory factors were present in one-third of patients studied and support the view that idiosyncratic features are present in the patients, not the vaccine. A prospective review is urged. It is recommended that pertussis vaccine should not be given to patients with a history of fits, or a family history of fits in first-degree relatives, or to those who have had a reaction to previous inoculations, those who have had recent intercurrent infection, or those with presumed neurological deficit.
Multi-View Learning of Word Embeddings via CCA (2011)

NeurRecently, there has been substantial interest in using large amounts of unlabeled data to learn word representations which can then be used as features in supervised classifiers for NLP tasks. However, most current approaches are slow to train, do not model the context of the word, and lack theoretical grounding. In this paper, we present a new learning method, Low Rank Multi-View Learning (LR-MVL) which uses a fast spectral method to estimate low dimensional context-specific word representations from unlabeled data. These representation features can then be used with any supervised learner. LR-MVL is extremely fast, gives guaranteed convergence to a global optimum, is theoretically elegant, and achieves state-ofthe- art performance on named entity recognition (NER) and chunking problems.
Design and characterization of silicon carbide photoconductive switches for high field applications (2006)

Characteristics of a silicon carbide photoconductive switch designed for high field applications have been studied. Analyses show that premature breakdown occurs primarily due to impact ionization and subsequent charge accumulation near the anode. For the shallow donor, deep-acceptor-type compensated material, a p+ layer next to the cathode results in field homogenization in the bulk. As a result, the blocking or hold off voltage of the switch could increase beyond the experimentally determined value of 18kV (0.45MV∕cm). Simulations also show that a minimum thickness, equivalent to a diffusion length, of the p+ layer is necessary to avoid premature breakdown. Following illumination, the photocurrent rise time of the switch would also improve by about 25% with the p+ layer near the cathode.
Formation of a Spheromak Plasma Configuration (1980)

A compact, toroidal configuration of magnetized plasma is produced by a combination of $Z$- and $\ensuremath{\theta}$-pinch discharges. A paramagnetic toroidal field is produced by currents circulating in the plasma on closed flux surfaces.
Free-Radical Polymerization of (<i>R</i>)-(−)-1-(1-Naphthyl)ethyl(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)urea and Chiral Recognition Ability (2003)

(R)-(−)-1-(1-Naphthyl)ethyl(2-methacryloyloxyethyl)urea (NEMOU) was synthesized from 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate (MOI) and (R)-(+)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylamine. Radical homopolymerizations of NEMOU were performed in several solvents to obtain the corresponding chiral polymers that have hydrogen bonds based on urea moieties. Specific optical rotations of poly(NEMOU) changed by the measurement temperature, which may be attributed in part to change of conformation. From the results of radical copolymerizations of NEMOU with styrene (ST, M2) or methyl methacrylate (MMA, M2), monomer reactivity ratios (r1, r2) and Alfrey−Price Q−e were determined: r1 = 0.48, r2 = 0.20, Q1 = 1.41, e1 = 0.74 for the NEMOU−ST system; r1 = 0.55, r2 = 0.16, Q1 = 9.02, e1 = 1.96 for the NEMOU−MMA system. The chiroptical property of the copolymers was strongly influenced by comonomer units. To examine the chiral recognition ability of poly(NEMOU), chiral stationary phases (CSPs) for high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were prepared from silica gel and poly(NEMOU). The CSPs resolved some racemates such as 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthol and N-benzyl-1-(1-methyl-2-methoxycarbonyl)ethylamine in n-hexane/2-propanol as mobile phase by HPLC. The chiral recognition ability of poly(NEMOU) may be ascribed not only to the interaction between the low molecular weight chiral selector and the racemates but also to the secondary and/or higher-ordered structure of the polymer.
Electrolytic Production of Boron (1959)

Elemental boron was produced by the fused salt electrolysis of potassium fluoborate. A study was made of anode and cathode materials of construction, particularly the effect of various grades of graphite as anode material. The effect of additives to the electrolyte (including potassium, aluminum, calcium, vanadium, nickel, Inconel, water, and sulfate ion) on boron yield and purity was investigated. A method of passivating elemental boron was developed.
A frequency hopping sequential detection technique for in-net coarse acquisition (2003)

The authors present the results of a study assessing the impact that sequential detection has on the performance of the two-level frequency hopping coarse acquisition detector. The performance of the two-level detector is computed for the case where the active correlations use sequential detection and compared to the conventional case where fixed correlation times are used. The results show that sequential detection can significantly reduce the amount of hardware required to achieve a specified probability of detection in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise and partial band noise jamming under normal operating conditions. However, when the signal-to-interference level is low and/or the required detection probability is high, sequential detection requires more hardware than fixed direction.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prediction of rectal temperature from ear canal temperature (2001)

Personal heat strain monitoring provides the best means for maximizing worker safety and productivity in hot jobs. The present study compared methods for reducing the environmental effect on aural canal temperature in an attempt to reduce the predictive error of a personal heat stress monitor (QST) and a simple ear thermistor (EAR). Subjects underwent three exposures in impermeable protective clothing (PC) in an environment of 30.1 degrees C wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT) wearing either ear plugs (PLG), ear moulds (MLD) or ear moulds and earmuffs (MFS). Mean work time across all trials was 63.1 +/- 7.9 min, with a mean rectal temperature at 60 min of 38.5 +/- 0.1 degrees C and a sweat production rate of 29.7 +/- 8.6 g/min. Rectal temperature was used as the criterion measure of core temperature. Although group mean predictions were satisfactory, large SD of mean differences (+/- 0.36) meant that predictive ability of QST for individuals was greatly impaired. A simple well-insulated ear thermistor showed slightly better accuracy (+/- 0.28) as a predictor of rectal temperature across time, particularly at peak temperatures. Incorporating the predictive error of aural temperature still extended the duration of safe work times relative to ACGIH guidelines. Further investigation is still necessary to ensure that predictions based on aural temperature are accurate and safe for the worker population across varying conditions.
The intraoral use of EMLA cream in children: a clinical investigation. (1995)

The use of 5 percent EMLA (an eutectic mixture of local anesthetics comprised of a mixture of prilocaine and lidocaine) as an intraoral topical anesthetic in children has been assessed in a clinical investigation. In a split-mouth study in twenty children there was no difference in the efficacy of EMLA and 5 percent lidocaine ointment in alleviating the pain of maxillary buccal infiltration injections of local anesthetics. EMLA did not differ significantly from placebo in the changes in pulpal responses of maxillary primary teeth to electrical stimulation before and after application in a double-blind split-mouth study in twenty children.
Regulation of Coronary Blood Flow (1964)

1 : 5 diluted whole blood has been passed for 30s after the addition of 2 nM PAF.See p. 174.
In vivo imaging of graft-versus-host-disease in mice (2004)

We have developed a mouse system by which to track the migration and homing of cells in a setting of bone marrow transplantation (BMT)-induced graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after systemic infusion using enhanced green fluorescence protein (eGFP) transgenic (Tg) cells and a simple application of a fluorescence stereomicroscope outfitted with a color charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. Whole body images of anesthetized mice taken at various time points after cell infusion revealed the early migration of allogeneic cells to peripheral lymphoid organs, with later infiltration of GVHD target organs. Localization of eGFP Tg cells could be seen through the skin of shaved mice, and internal organs were easily discernible. After allogeneic or syngeneic eGFP Tg cell infusion, representative mice were dissected to better visualize deeper internal organs and tissues. Infusion of different cell populations revealed distinct homing patterns, and this method also provided a simple way to identify the critical time points for expansion of the transplanted cells in various organs. This simple application of the fluorescence stereomicroscope will be valuable for GVHD and graft-versus-tumor studies in which visualization of cellular migration, expansion, and cell-cell interactions will be more informative when analyzed by such an intravital method.
Characterization of Plasmid-Mediated β-Lactamases in Fecal Colonizing Patients in the Hospital and Community Setting in Spain (2013)

The prevalence of ESBL-producers from fecal carriers is stable in our area, but colonization by pAmpC producers has emerged recently as we have confirmed. Periodic active surveillance is useful to identify these human reservoirs and control the evolution of PMBL carriage in a community over time.
Regret and Feedback Information in First-Price Sealed-Bid Auctions (2008)

We investigate the effect of regret-related feedback information on bidding behavior in sealed-bid first-price auctions. Two types of regret are possible in this auction format. A winner of the auction may regret paying too much relative to the second highest bid, and a loser may regret missing an opportunity to win at a favorable price. In theory, under very general conditions, being sensitive to winning and paying too much should result in lower average bids, and being sensitive to missing opportunities to win at a favorable price should result in higher bids. For example, the U.S. Government's policy of revealing losing bids may cause regret-sensitive bidders to anticipate regret and bid conservatively, decreasing the government's revenue. We test these predictions in the laboratory and find strong support for both.
Ferrocene as a Reference Redox Couple for Aprotic Ionic Liquids (2009)

Abstract The electrochemical behavior of ferrocene has been studied in a number of room temperature ionic liquids. Diffusion‐controlled, well‐defined anodic and cathodic peaks were found for the Fc/Fc + (ferrocene/ferrocenium) oxidation/reduction on the gold electrode. Ohmic resistance R between working and auxiliary electrodes was deduced from impedance measurements. Cyclic voltammograms were corrected for the base line current as well as for the ohmic drop ( IR ). The formal potential 1/2( E pa + E pc ) for ferrocene reduction/oxidation in aprotic ionic liquids tested is within a relatively narrow range and may be approximated by the value of 0.527±0.018 V (against the cryptate Ag/Ag + 222 in acetonitrile reference). Ferrocene diffusion coefficients, calculated from the peak current dependence on the sweep rate, were of the order of 10 −7 cm 2 s −1 .
Secretion of immunoglobulins and plasma proteins from the jejunal mucosa. Transport rate and origin of polymeric immunoglobulin A. (1984)

Parameters of secretion of IgA and several other plasma proteins from the jejunal mucosa were investigated in 11 individuals who had a normal distribution of Ig-containing cells in the lamina propria and in one patient who was totally deficient in jejunal IgA and IgM plasmacytes. Jejunal samples were collected during segmental gut perfusion. The following results were obtained: (a) The secretion of polymeric IgA (p-IgA, mean equals 217 micrograms/40 cm per min) exceeded those of albumin (132 micrograms), IgG (35 micrograms), and monomeric IgA (m-IgA, 15 micrograms, or 6.4% of total IgA). About 35% of IgA was IgA2 in the jejunal secretion, compared with approximately 23% in serum. This closely corresponds to the 35 and 24% of IgA2 plasmocytes in jejunal mucosa and peripheral lymph nodes, respectively. (b) For each protein, a relative coefficient of excretion (RCE) was calculated (jejunum to serum concentration ratio expressed relative to that of albumin). RCEs of 1.41 for orosomucoid, 1.0 for albumin, 0.83 for IgG, and 0.74 for IgE and, in the deficient patient, of 0.64 for m-IgA and 0.016 for IgM were obtained. This was inversely related to the molecular weight of these proteins and indicated their predominantly passive transport into the jejunum. However, in normal individuals, the RCE of transferrin (approximately 1.11 greater than 1, P greater than 0.05), alpha 2-macro globulin (approximately 0.77), m-IgA (approximately 1.98), and p-IgA (approximately 218) exceeded the value expected from simple seepage from plasma, thus pointing to an additional role of either local gut synthesis and/or active transepithelial transport. (c) Approximately 98% of p-IgA, approximately 99% of IgM, and approximately 68% of m-IgA in jejunal secretions were derived from local production in the gut wall, as determined by 125I-p-IgA specific activities and/or by comparison between the RCE values of the deficient patient to the values of controls. Therefore, the jejunal production of p-IgA (approximately 312 mg/d per 40 cm vs. approximately 54 mg/d from bile) contributes the majority of upper intestinal IgA in humans. The active transport of plasma p-IgA across the intestinal mucosa (approximately 0.08 mg/40 cm per kg per d) contributes less than 2% of the total amount of p-IgA (4.5 mg/kg per d) that is cleared daily from plasma.
Determination of Battery Storage Capacity in Energy Buffer for Wind Farm (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Design of a battery energy storage system (BESS) in a buffer scheme is examined for the purpose of attenuating the effects of unsteady input power from wind farms. The design problem is formulated as maximization of an objective function that measures the economic benefit obtainable from the dispatched power from the wind farm against the cost of the BESS. Solution to the problem results in the determination of the capacity of the BESS to ensure constant dispatched power to the connected grid, while the voltage level across the dc-link of the buffer is kept within preset limits. A computational procedure to determine the BESS capacity and the evaluation of the dc voltage is shown. Illustrative examples using the proposed design method are included. </para>
Total syntheses of (.+-.)-cerulenin, (.+-.)-tetrahydrocerulenin and related compounds (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal syntheses of (.+-.)-cerulenin, (.+-.)-tetrahydrocerulenin and related compoundsAnn A. Jakubowski, Frank S. Guziec Jr., Marsaru Sugiura, Coretta Chan Tam, and Max TishlerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 7, 1221–1228Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00346a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00346a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views684Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Optical fibre Fizeau-based OCT (2004)

An optical fiber, Fizeau configuration Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) system is presented in this paper. The Interferometer is formed between the distal end of the sample-arm fiber and the sample itself. This ensures 'downlead insensitivity;' polarization variation is not a problem, as it is in the standard Michelson configuration. Path-length matching is performed by a secondary, bulk-optic scanning Mach-Zehnder interferometer. In this paper, we demonstrate the use of an optical circulator and balanced detection to permit optimum use of the light and maximize the signal-to-noise ratio.
Cyclosporin A as a modifier agent in the salvage treatment of acute leukemia (AL). (1993)

Sixteen adult patients with relapsed (7 patients) or refractory (9 patients) acute leukemia received mitoxantrone (10 mg/m2 per day for 3 days) and etoposide (200 mg/m2 per day for 3 days) with escalating dose of cyclosporin A (CsA) from a loading dose of 2 mg to 6.5 mg/kg per 2 h followed by 3 days continuous infusion of 5-15 mg/kg per day. The major toxicities were stomatitis and prolonged aplasia, occurring for 15 mg/kg per day of CsA. Transient conjugated hyperbilirubinemia occurred in all patients, and was CsA dose-dependent (r = 0.7). Adequate serum levels of CsA (> 1 microgram/ml) were obtained in 3/6 patients treated with 10 mg/kg per day and 4/4 patients with 15 mg/kg per day. The pharmacokinetic of mitoxantrone showed an unusual increase of carboxylic metabolites, parallel to CsA levels. We observed six responses (two complete and four partial remissions), and eight resistances. Two patients died at days 3 and 8 from sepsis. Before treatment, 7/16 patients tested for P-gp with C219 were positive (> 10% positive cells). 3/6 responders were P-gp-positive. At time of leukemic regrowth, cells expressing P-gp before therapy reverted to P-gp-negative cells.
The gene for hepatocyte nuclear factor (HNF)‐4α is activated by glucocorticoids and glucagon, and repressed by insulin in rat liver (2000)

The gene for a transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor-4alpha (HNF-4alpha) is responsible for maturity-onset diabetes of the young, type 1. We examined hormonal regulation of the HNF-4alpha gene in the liver. Stimulation of primary-cultured rat hepatocytes with dexamethasone or glucagon led to induction of HNF-4alpha mRNA, being antagonized by insulin. In the liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat, mRNA and protein levels for HNF-4alpha were elevated, and were normalized by insulin treatment. Therefore, HNF-4alpha in the liver is likely to be involved in the regulation of glucose metabolism in response to these hormones.