gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of HER2/neu Status by Immunohistochemistry Using Computer-Based Image Analysis and Correlation With Gene Amplification by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Assay: A 10-Year Experience and Impact of Test Standardization on Concordance Rate (2015)

Scoring of HER2/neu by IA was associated with high false-positive rates before 2008. Improvement in concordance rate after 2008 may be due to proper tissue handling, improved HER2/neu scoring by IA, and assay standardization.
Study on rt-PA production by recombinant CHO cells immobilized with a porous microcarrier. (1999)

Using the porous microcarrier Cytopore, immobilized cultivation of a recombinant CHO cell line 4B3 producing tissue type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) was performed in a 3L stirring tank bioreactor with the perfusion of serum-free medium DF5S. 4B3 cells could enter the inner space and grow both in the inner space and on the surface of the Cytopore. The highest viable cell density of 4B3 and the highest production level of rt-PA were 8.83 x 10(6) cells/mL and 12,473 IU/mL, respectively. Purified by MPG adsorption chromatography and lysine-Sepharose 4B affinity chromatography, the purified rt-PA with a purity exceeding 98% was obtained from the culture supernatant.
Analysis and prediction of absorption band shapes, fluorescence band shapes, resonance Raman intensities, and excitation profiles using the time-dependent theory of electronic spectroscopy (2007)

A general method for the simulation of absorption (ABS) and fluorescence band shapes, resonance-Raman (rR) spectra, and excitation profiles based on the time-dependent theory of Heller is discussed. The following improvements to Heller's theory have been made: (a) derivation of new recurrence relations for the time-dependent wave packet overlap in the case of frequency changes between the ground and electronically excited states, (b) a new series expansion that gives insight into the nature of Savin's preresonance approximation, (c) incorporation of inhomogeneous broadening effects into the formalism at no additional computational cost, and (d) derivation of a new and simple short-time dynamics based equation for the Stokes shift that remains valid in the case of partially resolved vibrational structure. Our implementation of the time-dependent theory for the fitting of experimental spectra and the simulation of model spectra as well as the quantum mechanical calculation of the model parameters is discussed. The implementation covers all electronic structure approaches which are able to deliver ground- and excited-state energies and transition dipole moments. The technique becomes highly efficient if analytic gradients for the excited-state surface are available. In this case, the computational cost for the simultaneous prediction of ABS, fluorescence, and rR spectra is equal to that of a single excited-state geometry optimization step while the limitations of the short-time dynamics approximation are completely avoided. As a test case we discuss the well-known case of the strongly allowed 1 (1)A(g) --> 1 (1)B(u) transition in 1,3,5 trans-hexatriene in detail using method ranging from simple single-reference treatments to elaborate multireference electronic structure approaches. At the highest computational level, the computed spectra show the best agreement that has so far been obtained with quantum chemical methods for this problem.
Nuclear matrix: isolation and characterization of a framework structure from rat liver nuclei (1977)

A nuclear framework structure termed the nuclear matrix has been isolated and characterized. This matrix forms the major residual structure of isolated nuclei and consists largely of protein with smaller amounts of RNA, DNA, carbohydrate, and phospholipid. The nuclear matrix can be further resolved by combined treatment with DNase and RNase. The remaining nuclear protein structure, after extraction of 90 percent of the nuclear protein, 99.9 percent of the DNA, and 98 percent of the RNA and phospholipid, is termed the nuclear protein matrix. Electron microscopy of this final nuclear protein matrix reveals an interior framework structure composed of residual nucleolar structures associated with a granular and fibrous internal matrix structure. The internal matrix framework is derived from the interchromatinic structures of the nucleus, and is connected to a surrounding residual nuclear envelope layer containing residual nuclear pore complex structures. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-acrylamide gel electrophoresis of the nuclear matrix proteins demonstrates three major polypeptide fractions, P-1, P-2, and P-3, with average molecular weights of approximately 69,000, 66,000 and 62,000, as well as several minor polypeptides which migrate at approximately 50,000 and at higher molecular weights (>100,000). Polypeptides with molecular weights identical to those of P-1, P-2 and P-3 are also components of isolated nuclear envelopes and nucleoli, whereas isolated chromatin contains no detectable matrix polypeptides. This suggests that the major matrix polypeptides are localized in specific structural regions of the nucleus, i.e., nuclear envelope, nucleoli, and interchromatinic structures. The presence of cytochrome oxidase activity in the isolated nuclear matrix indicates that at least some integral proteins of the nuclear membrane are associated with the matrix.
Central infusion of melanocortin agonist MTII in rats: assessment of c-Fos expression and taste aversion (1998)

Like leptin (OB protein), central infusion of the nonspecific melanocortin agonist MTII reduces food intake for relatively long periods of time (i.e., 12 h; W. Fan, B. A. Boston, R. A. Kesterson, V. J. Hruby, and R. D. Cone, Nature; 385: 165-168, 1997). To test the hypothesis that MTII may influence ingestive behavior via mechanisms similar to those that mediate the effects of leptin, we infused a single dose of MTII into the third ventricle (i3vt) of Long-Evans rats and examined three dependent measures that have been studied following i3vt infusion of leptin: 1) effects on long-term food intake and body weight (48 h), 2) patterns of c-Fos expression in the brain, and 3) conditioned taste aversion learning. Similar to leptin, MTII reduced 48-h food intake (1.0 nmol dose), reduced body weight at 24 and 48 h (0.1 and 1.0 nmol doses, respectively), and induced c-Fos expression in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus and the central nucleus of the amygdala. In contrast to leptin, MTII was found to produce conditioned taste aversions. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that MTII may influence regulatory behavior via mechanisms similar to those that mediate the effects of leptin.
Efficient frequency-doubled single-frequency Nd:YAG laser (1974)

The design and operation of an efficient stable frequency-doubled single-frequency Nd :YAG laser providing a unidirectional harmonic output is discussed. Efficient resonant cavity designs utilizing the Nd:YAG rod as an internal focusing element were used to provide adequate TEM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">00</inf> -mode volume in the rod and a small beam waist at the nonlinear crystal (Ba <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> NaNb <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">15</inf> ) for optimum intracavity second-harmonic generation (SHG). Various two-component low-loss intracavity mode filters were investigated and a double Fabry-Perot ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F-P</tex> ) fused-quartz etalon arrangement devised to obtain single-frequency operation with relative ease. The unidirectional harmonic output geometry uses a 45° mirror which favors <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</tex> -polarized laser oscillations at 1.06 μm and very effectively transmits the second harmonic <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</tex> -polarized radiation. Other component designs include short-radius mirror coatings highly reflective at 1.06 and 0.53 μm, and antireflection (AR) coatings on the nonlinear crystal for both wavelengths. Relative phase differences between the fundamental and harmonic radiations are uncritical and compensable by adjusting the nonlinear crystal temperature. The techniques adopted have proven adequate and stable unidirectional single-frequency power outputs of 0.3-0.5 W were obtained consistently from a 5- by 50-mm Nd:YAG rod pumped effectively with 850 W with a tungsten-iodine lamp in a spherical pump cavity.
Calibration-free in vivo transverse blood flowmetry based on cross correlation of slow time profiles from photoacoustic microscopy (2013)

We propose a cross-correlation-based method to measure blood-flow velocity by using photoacoustic microscopy. Unlike in previous autocorrelation-based methods, the measured flow velocity here is independent of particle size. Thus an absolute flow velocity can be obtained without calibration. We first measured the flow velocity ex vivo, using defibrinated bovine blood. Then flow velocities in vessels with different structures in a mouse ear were quantified in vivo. We further measured the flow variation in the same vessel and at a vessel bifurcation. All the experimental results indicate that our method can be used to accurately quantify blood velocity in vivo.
Fragment-Based Identification of Amides Derived from <i>trans</i>-2-(Pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxylic Acid as Potent Inhibitors of Human Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) (2014)

Potent, trans-2-(pyridin-3-yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide-containing inhibitors of the human nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (NAMPT) enzyme were identified using fragment-based screening and structure-based design techniques. Multiple crystal structures were obtained of initial fragment leads, and this structural information was utilized to improve the biochemical and cell-based potency of the associated molecules. Many of the optimized compounds exhibited nanomolar antiproliferative activities against human tumor lines in in vitro cell culture experiments. In a key example, a fragment lead (13, KD = 51 μM) was elaborated into a potent NAMPT inhibitor (39, NAMPT IC50 = 0.0051 μM, A2780 cell culture IC50 = 0.000 49 μM) which demonstrated encouraging in vivo efficacy in an HT-1080 mouse xenograft tumor model.
Robust background estimation for complex video sequences (2004)

Knowing the background image of a video scene simplifies the general video-object segmentation problem and therefore it is required by several automatic segmentation algorithms. This paper presents a new background estimation algorithm which is applicable to complex video sequences where many objects are simultaneously visible and the background is visible for a short time period only. The algorithm applies a rough segmentation of the input images into foreground and background regions to exclude the foreground objects from background synthesis. This prevents a bias of the synthesized background image towards the color of foreground objects. Experiments show that the obtained background images differ significantly less from the real background than those obtained with previous algorithms.
Effect of Dissolution Kinetics on Feature Size in Dip-Pen Nanolithography (2002)

We have investigated the effects of humidity, tip speed, and dwell time on feature size during dip pen nanolithography. Our results indicate a transition between two distinct deposition regimes occurs at a dwell time independent of humidity. While feature size increases with humidity, the relative increase is independent of dwell time. The results are described by a model that accounts for detachment and reattachment at the tip. The model suggests that, at short dwell times (high speed), the most important parameter controlling the feature size is the activation energy for thiol detachment.
Nfatc1 Coordinates Valve Endocardial Cell Lineage Development Required for Heart Valve Formation (2011)

These results show that Nfatc1 regulates the cell-fate decision making of valve endocardial cells during valve development and coordinates EMT and valve elongation by allocating endocardial cells to the 2 morphological events essential for valve development.
The relationship between stress and pressure sore formation. (1998)

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between serum cortisol and pressure sore formation among persons over age 65 who recently relocated to a nursing home. Twenty-six subjects who exhibited risk for pressure sore formation and were free of pressure sores and diagnoses or medications known to affect cortisol were recruited from consecutive admissions to a nursing home. Morning and evening cortisol levels were assayed the first and second weeks following admission, and subject's skin and risk status were assessed twice weekly for five weeks. Subjects who developed pressure sores had significantly higher cortisol levels than those who did not (p < 0.02), with the greatest differences occurring in the second week (p < 0.002). The cortisol levels observed in subjects who developed pressure sores may be due to the stress of relocation, but other explanations are also possible. Furthermore, a causal relationship between cortisol and pressure sore development cannot be inferred.
Design and Optimization of an Ultra Wideband and Compact Microwave Antenna for Radiometric Monitoring of Brain Temperature (2014)

We present the modeling efforts on antenna design and frequency selection to monitor brain temperature during prolonged surgery using noninvasive microwave radiometry. A tapered log-spiral antenna design is chosen for its wideband characteristics that allow higher power collection from deep brain. Parametric analysis with the software HFSS is used to optimize antenna performance for deep brain temperature sensing. Radiometric antenna efficiency (η) is evaluated in terms of the ratio of power collected from brain to total power received by the antenna. Anatomical information extracted from several adult computed tomography scans is used to establish design parameters for constructing an accurate layered 3-D tissue phantom. This head phantom includes separate brain and scalp regions, with tissue equivalent liquids circulating at independent temperatures on either side of an intact skull. The optimized frequency band is 1.1-1.6 GHz producing an average antenna efficiency of 50.3% from a two turn log-spiral antenna. The entire sensor package is contained in a lightweight and low-profile 2.8 cm diameter by 1.5 cm high assembly that can be held in place over the skin with an electromagnetic interference shielding adhesive patch. The calculated radiometric equivalent brain temperature tracks within 0.4 °C of the measured brain phantom temperature when the brain phantom is lowered 10 °C and then returned to the original temperature (37 °C) over a 4.6-h experiment. The numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the optimized 2.5-cm log-spiral antenna is well suited for the noninvasive radiometric sensing of deep brain temperature.
Excessive Nocturnal Urine Production is a Major Contributing Factor to the Etiology of Nocturia (2011)

In this large study nocturnal polyuria was present in most patients with nocturia regardless of gender, age, ethnicity, country and concomitant benign prostatic hyperplasia/overactive bladder therapy.
Effects of charge compensation by Na<sup>+</sup> co-doping for Ce<sup>3+</sup> doped LiCaAlF<sub>6</sub> single crystals (2010)

We have investigated physical properties of Na <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> , Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> co-doped LiCaAlF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sub> [Na, Ce:LiCAF] single crystals grown by micro-pulling-down method. In their X-ray diffraction measurements, grown crystals except for Ce 2%, Na 2%:LiCAF indicated a second phase of CeF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> . Lattice parameters of LiCAF phase systematically increased with an increase of Na and Ce concentrations. Transmittance of Na co-doped Ce:LiCAF crystals was lower than Ce:LiCAF crystal due to the inclusion of CeF <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> in the crystals and emission peaks originated from 5d-4f transition of Ce <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ion around 285 and 310 nm were observed in all crystals. The light yield became smaller with an increase of Na concentration.
DESULPHURISATION OF A GASOLINE FRACTION FROM PARTIALLY CRACKED NAPHTHA (1988)

ABSTRACT A substantial desulphurisation of an 80-180°C gasoline fraction obtained from a partially, thermally cracked naphtha was possible by the use of a high iron clay. The operation was carried out by the contact of the gasoline vapours with a fixed-bed of the clay in a laboratory assembled quartz tube reactor. It was possible to reduce the sulphur content of the gasoline fraction from 0.3 wt% to 0.03 wt% at a temperature of 600% and a space velocity of 1.0 h−1. Analysis of the clay samples are given and the results on its role in desulphurisation may point to some important practical potentials.
On Uric Acid and Arterial Tension (1889)

of gonorrhoea in both sexes-which, however, have been studied from the standpoint of a general surgeon, and without any gynmcological proclivities-may be summarised as follows:
A Wafer-Level 3D Integration Using Bottom-Up Copper Electroplating and Hybrid Metal-Adhesive Bonding (2009)

We report a wafer-level 3D integration scheme using bottom-up copper electroplating (BCE) and hybrid metal-adhesive wafer bonding. Through-silicon-vias (TSVs) with aspect ratio as high as 13 are plated using BCE without forming voids/seams. Cu-Sn bumps electroplated on the TSVs are used together with polymer adhesive for hybrid bonding. A two-layer 3D integration is achieved using BCE and hybrid bonding, validating the feasibility in fabricating wafer-level 3D integration with high aspect ratio TSVs.
Diverse Chemical Applications of N-Heterocyclic Carbenes (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTDiverse Chemical Applications of N-Heterocyclic CarbenesWilliam D. JonesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009, 131, 42, 15075–15077Publication Date (Web):October 28, 2009Publication History Published online28 October 2009Published inissue 28 October 2009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja908253uCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views8186Altmetric-Citations42LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (70 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Carbene compounds,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Ligands,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Novel Variations of Group Sparse Regularization Techniques With Applications to Noise Robust Automatic Speech Recognition (2011)

This paper presents novel variations of group sparse regularization techniques. We expand upon the Sparse Group LASSO formulation to incorporate different learning techniques for better sparsity enforcement within a group and demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithms for spectral denoising with applications to robust Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). In particular, we show that with a strategic selection of groupings greater robustness to noisy speech recognition can be achieved when compared to state-of-the-art techniques like the Fast Iterative Shrinkage Thresholding Algorithm (FISTA) implementation of the Sparse Group LASSO. Moreover, we demonstrate that group sparse regularization techniques can offer significant gains over efficient techniques like the Elastic Net. We also show that the proposed algorithms are effective in exploiting collinear dictionaries to deal with the inherent highly coherent nature of speech spectral segments. Experiments on the Aurora 2.0 continuous digit database and the Aurora 3.0 realistic noisy database demonstrate the performance improvement with the proposed methods, including showing that their execution time is comparable to FISTA, making our algorithms practical for application to a wide range of regularization problems.
Histogram equalization algorithm for variable gray level mapping (2010)

The traditional histogram equalization algorithm is likely to cause information loss. The paper introduced a gray level mapping algorithm in which information entropy remains the same. The algorithm adjusting the gray scale transformation of the image, introduces a new transformation formula parameter β, and makes the spacing of two adjacent gray levels extend in the new mapped histogram. So that it avoids excessive gray pixel merger and excessive bright image. The selection rule of parameter β for different gray levels images is given. Experiments show that the improved algorithm may effectively improve visual effects under the premise of the same information entropy.
Localization of More Sources Than Sensors via Jointly-Sparse Bayesian Learning (2014)

We analyze the jointly-sparse signal recovery problem in the regime where the number of sources k is larger than the number of measurements M. We show that the support set of sources can still be recovered with sparse Bayesian learning (M-SBL) even if k ≥ M. We provide sufficient conditions on the dictionary and sources which theoretically guarantee support set recovery in the noiseless case of M-SBL. We validate our sufficient conditions with experiments and also demonstrate that M-SBL outperforms M-CoSaMP, the algorithm recently used to localize more sources than sensors. Finally, we experimentally show robustness of the approach in the presence of noise.
The Register of Thomas Langley, Bishop of Durham, 1406–37, IV. Edited by R. L. Storey. (Publications of the Surtees Society, clxx). Pp. x + 214. Durham: Andrews; London: Bernard Quaritch, 1962. n.p. (1962)

The Register of Thomas Langley, Bishop of Durham, 1406–37, IV. Edited by R. L. Storey. (Publications of the Surtees Society, clxx). Pp. x + 214. Durham: Andrews; London: Bernard Quaritch, 1962. n.p. - Volume 13 Issue 2