gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estramustine binds map-2 to inhibit microtubule assembly <i>in vitro</i> (1988)

We have investigated the ability of estramustine to bind to rat brain microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) and purified MAP-2 in vitro. [3H]estramustine's relative affinity for tubulin and MAPs was assessed by gel filtration chromatography, immunoprecipitation and binding assays. Scatchard analysis demonstrated a specific affinity of the drug for MAP-2. Calculations from kinetic parameters and non-linear regression analysis gave a Kd of 15 microM, and a Bmax of 3.4 x 10(-7)M ml-1. Extrapolation of this value suggested that each MAP-2 molecule binds approximately 20 molecules of estramustine. Microtubule assembly studies and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed that at 20-60 microM levels, estramustine inhibited the association of MAPs with taxol microtubules. Turbidity (A350) studies further demonstrated that 20-60 microM-estramustine inhibited MAP-2-driven tubulin assembly and produced microtubule disassembly. Electron-microscopic studies confirmed the centrifugation and turbidity results. The data demonstrated that estramustine can bind MAPs and MAP-2 specifically, thereby inhibiting microtubule assembly.
Two distinct UDP-galactose: 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucose 4 beta-galactosyltransferases in porcine trachea. (1984)

In previous studies on glycosyltransferase activities in porcine trachea, we demonstrated the presence of two galactosyltransferases which transfer galactose from UDP-galactose to N-acetylglucosamine (Sheares, B.T. and Carlson, D.M. (1983) J. Biol. Chem. 258, 9893-9898). One enzyme, UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine 3 beta-galactosyltransferase, synthesized galactosyl-beta 1,3-N-acetylglucosamine while the other, UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine 4 beta-galactosyltransferase, synthesized galactosyl-beta 1,4-N-acetylglucosamine. A third galactosyltransferase has now been demonstrated utilizing a solubilized membrane preparation from pig trachea, which also synthesizes galactosyl-beta 1,4-N-acetylglucosamine as determined by gas-liquid chromatography and Diplococcus pneumoniae beta-galactosidase treatment. This new UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine 4 beta-galactosyltransferase is distinct from the lactose synthetase A protein in that it does not bind to alpha-lactalbumin-agarose or to N-acetylglucosamine-agarose. The enzyme is separable from the UDP-galactose:N-acetylgalactosaminyl-mucin 3 beta-galactosyltransferase by affinity chromatography on asialo ovine submaxillary mucin adsorbed to DEAE-Sephacel. This newly discovered 4 beta-galactosyltransferase binds to UDP-hexanolamine-Sepharose and is partially separated from UDP-galactose:N-acetylglucosamine 3 beta-galactosyltransferase by Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration chromatography. Neither high concentrations of N-acetylglucosamine (200 mM) nor alpha-lactalbumin inhibits the incorporation of galactose into galactosyl-beta 1,4-N-acetylglucosamine by this enzyme.
Solid-state cesium ion gun for ion beam sputter deposition (1992)

A compact cesium ion gun, suitable for ion beam sputter deposition in high vacuum environment, has been developed. The gun uses a solid-state cesium ion source described previously. This gun is compact, stable, and easy to use. It requires none of the differential pumping or associated hardware necessary in designs using cesium vapor and porous tungsten ionizers. The gun produces a cesium ion beam of 0.2 mA at 5 keV. A beam diameter of 0.2 cm is measured at a target which is 3 cm apart from the exit aperture of the accelerator electrode. The sputter deposition rate is of the order of 100 Å/min for several metal targets such as Au, Cu, Mo, W, and Ta, measured at 4 keV primary Cs+ ion beam energy and in a distance of 1.5 cm from the target. The lifetime of this gun is more than 20 C of cesium, which corresponds to 60 h of operation with an extraction current of 0.1 mA.
Interactive flow field modeling for the design and control of fluid motion in computer animation (2009)

Ubiquitous and captivating, fluid—gaseous and liquid—motion is often desired in computer animation. For example, rives, lakes, and clouds enhance flights simulations. Realizing realistic fluid behaviour, however, can be difficult and laborious using traditional computer animation methods. Ad hoc kinematic models of fluid motion have been presented to facilitate the animation of fluids, but it is not clear how to extend or integrate these models to describe more general fluid motion. Simple dynamic models have been presented, but it is difficult to control the dynamic simulation to achieve the desired effect. To address this problem, a simple, hydrodynamically-based framework for realistically integrating models of fluid flow for computer animation purposes is presented. This framework is based on the continuity equation for incompressible flow, and allows flow fields to be linearly combined, regardless of whether they are interactively modeled or computed by dynamic simulation. Novel interactive flow field modeling methods are introduced to allow the animator to manipulate spline curves that correspond to streamlines in the flow field. The spline-based flow fields can be computed at interactive speed on standard graphics workstations. Many dynamic simulations produce flow fields that satisfy the continuity equation, and these can be linearly combined with the modeled flow field to define a mean flow field which is sampled at the nodes of a lattice. Turbulence is modeled by advecting stochastic distributions of models of vortex flow with the mean flow, allowing infinite resolution for small-scale complexity. Geometric models are advected using the final resulting flow field. A simple animation system incorporating the interactive flow modeling methods was implemented and shows this approach to be a promising and easily extendable method of realistically animating fluids.
A Study on <Naemyun Acting> (2020)

Naemyun Acting(Inner acting) is the acting term used only in Korea. Fact means acting in a realistic act or speech act based on a psychological acting methodology. This inner acting debate was first begun by An Chi-woon. Afterwards, Kim Bang-ok''s thesis and the debate between the two revealed various characteristics of inner acting, but unfortunately the debate did not continue. This study starts from the modernity of inner research which An Chi-woon said. We have examined how the term inner acting is connected with the modernization of Korea, how through which forms and methodologies peculiar to inner acting were initiated and maintained, and finally, through political implications. In the end, inner acting is a kind of transformation formed by neo-classicists, realist theatricians, who form the mainstream of Korean theater. Despite no mention of inner acting anywhere in the world, it is definitely a unique phenomenon of Korean theater. The political implications of the term internal acting and modernity, form and formation of inner acting, and inner acting are discussed by the neo-extremists who are the product of Korean modernization and still forming the mainstream of Korean theater. Their utility and value are exaggeratedly packed to the top of an exclusive hierarchy. Therefore, the discourse about inner acting should be expanded and deepened. This study is a fragment of that expectation and hope.
Molecular determinants for virulence in coxsackievirus B1 infection (1997)

Studies demonstrated that a strain derived from an infectious clone of coxsackievirus B1 (CVB1N) (N. Iizuka, H. Yonekawa, and A. Nomoto, J. Virol. 65:4867-4873, 1991) was 3 to 4 log10 less virulent than the myotropic Tucson strain of CVB1 (CVB1T) following intraperitoneal inoculation of newborn mice. Replacement of nucleotides (nt) 69 to 804 from the 5' untranslated region (5' UTR) and 1A coding region of CVB1N or nt 117 to 161 from the 5' UTR with the corresponding part from CVB1T restored greater than 90% of the virulence. Sequencing of the 5' UTR of CVB1T demonstrated areas with a greater similarity to particular echoviruses than to CVB1N, suggesting that recombination events might have occurred, perhaps influencing the virulence phenotype.
Impacts of essential amino acids on energy balance (2021)

Changes in circulating EAA levels, particularly increased branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), have been reported in obese human and animal models. Alterations in dietary EAA intake result in improvements in fat and weight loss in rodents, and each has its distinct mechanism. For example, leucine deprivation increases energy expenditure, reduces food intake and fat mass, primarily through regulation of the general control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling. Methionine restriction by 80% decreases fat mass and body weight while developing hyperphagia, primarily through fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21) signaling. Some effects of diets with different protein levels on energy homeostasis are mediated by similar mechanisms. However, reports on the effects and underlying mechanisms of dietary EAA imbalances on human body weight are few, and more investigations are needed in future.
Accelerated Rendering in Stereo-Based Projections (2000)

In this work, we present a new method for displaying stereo scenes, which speeds up the rendering time of complex geometry. We first discuss a scene splitting strategy, allowing us to partition objects to the distant background or the near foreground. Furthermore, wededuce a computation rule for positioning a cutting plane in the scene. 1.
On the behaviour of marginal and conditional AIC in linear mixed models (2010)

Abstract In linear mixed models, model selection frequently includes the selection of random effects. Two versions of the Akaike information criterion, aic, have been used, based either on the marginal or on the conditional distribution. We show that the marginal aic is not an asymptotically unbiased estimator of the Akaike information, and favours smaller models without random effects. For the conditional aic, we show that ignoring estimation uncertainty in the random effects covariance matrix, as is common practice, induces a bias that can lead to the selection of any random effect not predicted to be exactly zero. We derive an analytic representation of a corrected version of the conditional aic, which avoids the high computational cost and imprecision of available numerical approximations. An implementation in an R package (R Development Core Team, 2010) is provided. All theoretical results are illustrated in simulation studies, and their impact in practice is investigated in an analysis of childhood malnutrition in Zambia.
Estimating atmosphere parameters in hyperspectral data (2010)

We address the problem of estimating atmosphere parameters (temperature, water vapour content) from data captured by an airborne thermal hyperspectral imager, and propose a method based on direct optimization. The method also involves the estimation of object parameters (temperature and emissivity) under the restriction that the emissivity is constant for all wavelengths. Certain sensor parameters can be estimated as well in the same process. The method is analyzed with respect to sensitivity to noise and number of spectral bands. Simulations with synthetic signatures are performed to validate the analysis, showing that estimation can be performed with as few as 10-20 spectral bands at moderate noise levels. More than 20 bands does not improve the estimates. The proposed method is also extended to incorporate additional knowledge, for example measurements of atmospheric parameters and sensor noise.
Involvement of a Quinoprotein Alcohol Dehydrogenase and an NAD-dependent Aldehyde Dehydrogenase in 2-Chloroethanol Metabolism in Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10 (1987)

An inducible methanol dehydrogenase showing high activity with 2-chloroethanol was purified from 2-chloroethanol-grown cells of the 1, 2-dichloroethane utilizing bacterium Xanthobacter autotrophicus GJ10. The enzyme consisted of a 60 kDa polypeptide that was associated with a 10 kDa polypeptide and contained pyrrolo-quinoline quinone (PQQ) as a prosthetic group. Chloroethanol-grown cells of strain GJ10 also contained an inducible NAD-dependent chloroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase. Its involvement in the metabolism of 2-chloroethanol was inferred from its absence in a 2-chloroethanol non-utilizing mutant. Three different isolates of X. autotrophicus that do not utilize 2-chloroethanol for growth produced chloroethanol dehydrogenase and chloroacetaldehyde dehydrogenase activities at similar levels as strain GJ10. It is concluded that both dehydrogenases are involved in the metabolism of natural compounds and due to their broad substrate specificity fortuitously also play a role in the metabolism of the xenobiotic compounds 1,2-dichloroethane and 2-chloroethanol.
<title>Ten years of laser treatment of congenital vascular disorders: techniques and results</title> (1994)

During the period of January 1984 - July 1993, we have treated 611 children with more than 2000 lesions of congenital vascular disorders (CVD) such as hemangiomas and vascular malformations. This number does not include the patients with port wine stains, which also have been treated by means of laser. Most of the CVD patients (n equals 467) presented hemangiomas of the face, the anogenital region, and the extremities, some were located in the trachea or mouth or in the urogenital tract. All of these hemangiomas were growing prior to intervention or showed complications such as bleeding, ulceration, superinfection, or obstruction. Nearly a quarter (n equals 144) of the patients presented vascular malformations, either of singular vessel type involvement or of mixed vascular genesis (venous, arterio- venous, veno-lymphatic or lymphatic) with various complications like tracheal obstruction or recurrent thrombophlebitis. According to our step program, which is based on a clinical classification, the hemangiomas were treated as early as possible, while the vascular malformations were only treated with laser when no other therapeutic technique (embolization, resection) was suitable. All patients were referred for laser treatment from other centers. The lasers used were Nd:YAG and Argon lasers with transcutaneous application with or without continuous ice-cube surface cooling or interstitial laser application. The treatments were performed either on in- or outpatient basis according to age, localization and with good to excellent results in most cases and a complication rate of less than 2%.
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster for the Cladoniamides, Bis-Indoles with a Rearranged Scaffold (2011)

The cladoniamides are bis-indole alkaloids isolated from Streptomyces uncialis, a lichen-associated actinomycete strain. The cladoniamides have an unusual, indenotryptoline structure rarely observed among bis-indole alkaloids. I report here the isolation, sequencing, and annotation of the cladoniamide biosynthetic gene cluster and compare it to the recently published gene cluster for BE-54017, a closely related indenotryptoline natural product. The cladoniamide gene cluster differs from the BE-54017 gene cluster in gene organization and in the absence of one N-methyltransferase gene but otherwise contains close homologs to all genes in the BE-54017 cluster. Both gene clusters encode enzymes needed for the construction of an indolocarbazole core, as well as flavin-dependent enzymes putatively involved in generating the indenotryptoline scaffold from an indolocarbazole. These two bis-indolic gene clusters exemplify the diversity of biosynthetic routes that begin from the oxidative dimerization of two molecules of L-tryptophan, highlight enzymes for further study, and provide new opportunities for combinatorial engineering.
Unified view of kinetic-based analytical methods with emphasis on ruggedness. A review (1996)

All analytical determinations can be grouped into two general categories, namely equilibrium-based and transient-based methods. This is an important grouping because most conventional approaches to transient-based methods are much less rugged than their equilibrium-based counterparts. As a result it is necessary to control variables within much narrower tolerances for transient-based methods than equilibrium-based methods to obtain similar degrees of reliability. This paper reviews measurement and data-processing methods developed to reduce effects of variables on transient-based methods, with emphasis on a general approach that is applicable to a wide variety of methodologies. The approach emphasized is identified as a pseudo-equilibrium method. In this method, transient data are used to compute signals that would be measured if all processes that affect the measurement could be monitored to equilibrium. Results included show that the pseudo-equilibrium method is applicable to the three most common types of responses from the transient phases of chemical and physico-chemical processes. Data included show 10- to 100-fold improvements in ruggedness relative to conventional measurement and data-processing options.
The effect of dysprosium on the microstructure and dielectric properties of (Ba/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/)TiO/sub 3/ ceramics (2003)

A study was performed on the microstructure and dielectric properties of barium strontium titanate ceramics having the compositions (Ba/sub 1-x/Sr/sub x/)TiO/sub 3/, and (Ba/sub 0.99-x/Sr/sub x/Dy/sub 0.01/)TiO/sub 3/ with x in the range from 0 to 0.3. In all cases, the addition of dysprosium resulted in a marked reduction in grain size, from approximately=50 mu m to approximately=1 mu m, which was accompanied by a substantial increase in permittivity below the Curie temperature. The peak in permittivity at the Curie point was strongly suppressed by Dy-doping, and the phase transition range became broad and diffuse, particularly at the higher levels of strontium. TEM (transmission electron microscope) observations of a high density of dislocations and an inhomogeneous distribution of strontium within the grains suggest that the chemical segregation of strontium is largely responsible for this diffuse phase transition behavior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Inhibitory Effect of Tamoxifen on Diethylstilbestrol‐promoted Hepatic Tumorigenesis in Male Rats and Its Possible Mechanism of Action (1988)

Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine (DEN, 200 mg/kg body weight). Two weeks later the rats were divided into 4 groups; DEN-C group rats were given no further treatment; DEN-DES group rats were fed diethylstilbestrol (DES, 0.5 mg/day); DEN-TMX group rats were given tamoxifen (TMX, 1.0 mg/day) orally; DEN-DES TMX group rats were fed both DES and TMX for 8 months. Rats of the DEN-DES group developed grossly visible hepatic tumors. On the other hand, tumor development was significantly inhibited in rats of the DEN-DES TMX group. Total area of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase-positive lesions and the mean area per lesion were significantly larger in rats of the DEN-DES group than those of the DEN-C, DEN-TMX or DEN-DES-TMX group. Estrogen receptor (ER) content of liver cytosol assayed by enzyme immunoassay (EIA) was significantly greater in rats of the DEN-DES group than in those of the DEN-C group and smaller in rats of the DEN-TMX and DEN-DES TMX group than in the DEN-C group. On the contrary, ER content of liver nuclei was significantly greater in rats of the DEN-TMX and DEN-DES TMX group than in those of the DEN-C or DEN-DES group. These results suggest that the promotive action of DES and the inhibitory action of TMX on DES-promoted hepatic tumorigenesis are, at least in part, mediated by ER in the rat.
Three-tier PoP configuration utilizing flip chip Fan-in PoP bottom package (2009)

The increasing demand for functionality and performance in mobile handsets has driven the requirement for separate modem and application processors with requisite memory. PoP has helped reduce the footprint of each processor and memory package combination on the PCB. Stacking the processors and memory in a single three-tier PoP configuration would further reduce the footprint. This paper details the development of such a three-tier PoP configuration, utilizing Fan-in PoP technology for the bottom PoP. The developed three-tier PoP test vehicle successfully exhibited good surface mount yield and excellent board level drop test and temperature cycle performance.
Evolving Cellular Automata Music: From Sound Synthesis to Composition (2001)

This paper focuses on issues concerning musical composition practices whereby the emergent behaviour of cellular automata is used to model generative processes for synthesised sound and musical forms. We introduce two cellular automata-based systems, Chaosynth and CAMUS, that we have designed for our investigation and discuss their performance and role in the composition of a number of professional pieces of music. Chaosynth is a granular synthesis system whose parameters are controlled by a variant of a cellular automaton that has been used to model Belousov-Zhabotinskii chemical reactions. CAMUS is a composition system that takes advantage of the pattern propagation properties of cellular automata in order to generate musical forms. 1
Comparative clinical efficacy and safety of a novel controlled‐release oxycodone formulation and controlled‐release hydromorphone in the treatment of cancer pain (1997)

BACKGROUND The use of oxycodone to treat chronic cancer pain has been hampered by its short elimination half-life, which necessitates administration every 4 hours. This study compared the clinical efficacy and safety of a novel oxycodone formulation with that of hydromorphone in the treatment of cancer pain. METHODS In a double-blind crossover study, 44 patients with stable cancer pain were randomized to controlled-release oxycodone or controlled-release hydromorphone, each given every 12 hours for 7 days. Pain intensity, nausea, and sedation were assessed by patients four times daily, and breakthrough analgesia was recorded. RESULTS Thirty-one patients completed the study (18 women, 13 men; mean age, 56 ± 3 years) and received a final controlled-release oxycodone dose of 124 ± 22 mg per day and a final controlled-release hydromorphone dose of 30 ± 6 mg per day. There were no significant differences between treatments in overall Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain intensity (VAS 28 ± 4 mm vs. 31 ± 4 mm), categorical pain intensity (1.4 ± 0.1 vs. 1.5 ± 0.1), daily rescue analgesic consumption (1.4 ± 0.3 vs. 1.6 ± 0.3), sedation scores (24 ± 4 mm vs. 18 ± 3 mm), nausea scores (15 ± 3 mm vs. 13 ± 3 mm), or patient preference. Two patients experienced hallucinations on controlled-release hydromorphone, but none did while receiving controlled-release oxycodone. CONCLUSIONS Controlled-release oxycodone demonstrated excellent pharmacodynamic characteristics, analgesic efficacy, and safety as compared with controlled-release hydromorphone and represents an important new therapeutic option for cancer pain management. Cancer 1997; 79:1428-37. © 1997 American Cancer Society.
Method for determining the electric and magnetic polarizability of arbitrarily shaped conducting bodies (1997)

The paper deals with polarization properties of arbitrarily shaped conducting bodies in quasistatic electric fields and quasisteady magnetic fields within the strong-skin-effect approximation. Based on measuring the capacitance (inductance) of a field-forming system before and after introducing an arbitrary conducting body into it, a method for determining its electric (magnetic) polarizability is proposed. The method permits one to find eigenvalues and directions of the principal axes of the polarizability tensors of any conducting body. The results obtained are useful in solving two practical problems of the electromagnetic compatibility: estimation of a measurement error induced by coupling the transducers of an electric and magnetic field to the conducting surfaces, and estimation of an additional field induced by coupling the objects to the field-forming system electrodes in electromagnetic susceptibility tests.