gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signal Processing for Near 10 Tbit/in$^{2}$ Density in Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording (TDMR) (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Two-dimensional magnetic recording (TDMR) is a new magnetic recording paradigm that aims to record one bit of information in one or a few grains, with the goal of achieving a recording density of nearly 10 Tbit/in<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{2}$</tex></formula>. In addition to the usual noise, a TDMR channel experiences the problem that some bits are never recorded because of the randomness of grain size and location. Thus, it is believed that a key component of a TDMR channel is two-dimensional (2-D) signal processing along with a strong error correction code. In this study, the TDMR channel is investigated based on a random Voronoi grain model and a signal processing architecture is proposed. Here, a 2-D linear minimum mean squared error (LMMSE) equalizer and a low-density parity-check (LDPC) code are employed and the effects of unwritten bits are modeled by a Gaussian mixture model. In numerical simulations, the proposed architecture shows the feasibility of user bit densities near 10 Tbit/in<formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{2}$</tex> </formula> for media with a 20 <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">${\rm Tgrains/in}^{2}$</tex></formula> grain density. </para>
Proliferation of rat astrocytes, but not of oligodendrocytes, is stimulated <i>in vitro</i> by protease inhibitors (1988)

Various natural protease inhibitors stimulate the proliferation of rat astrocytes grown in primary culture in the absence of serum. They are inactive on the proliferation of oligodendrocytes. The mean level of stimulation of the astrocyte proliferation elicited by the protease inhibitors is higher when the cells are in the growth phase, at low cell density than when they are quiescent, at high cell density. Among the protease inhibitors tested three serum proteins, alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and anti-thrombin III were the most active. The present results, taken together with our previous finding that thrombin and some other proteases also stimulate the proliferation of astroglial cells but not of oligodendroglial cells, suggest that proteases and protease inhibitors participate, through still unclear mechanisms, in the control of the proliferation of astrocytes, but not in that of oligodendrocytes, during brain ontogenesis.
Prosodic Phonology (2007)

Prosodic Phonology by Marina Nespor and Irene Vogel is now available again. "Nespor & Vogel 1986" is a citation classic - even after twenty years, it is still recognized as the standard resource on Prosodic Phonology. This groundbreaking work introduces all of the prosodic constituents (syllable, foot, word, clitic group, phonological phrase, intonational phrase and utterance) and provides evidence for each one from numerous languages. Prosodic Phonology also includes a chapter in which experimental psycholinguistic data support the proposed hierarchy. A perceptual study provides evidence that prosodic constituent structure - not syntactic constituent structure - predicts whether listeners are able to disambiguate different types of ambiguous sentences. A chapter on the phonology of poetic meter examines portions of Dante's Divine Comedy . It is demonstrated that the constituents proposed for spoken language also make interesting predictions about literary metrical patterns. Prosodic Phonology is an important reference not only for phonologists, but for all linguists interested in the issue of interfaces among the components of grammar. It is also a basic resource for psycholinguists and cognitive scientists working on linguistic perception and language acquisition.
Synthesis of benz[<i>e</i>] indole and benz[<i>g</i>] indole carboxaldehydes (1974)

Abstract The Vilsmeier‐Haack formylation reaction and several additional reactions have been employed to prepare a variety of benz[e]‐ and benz[g] indole‐2‐ and 3‐carboxaldehydes. Similar conditions have been utilized to prepare several 2,3‐disubstituted benz[g] indole‐5‐carboxaldehydes.
Home Rule, Revisited;Note (1983)

HOME RULE, REVISITEDLeft to themselves, the institutions of a local community can hardly struggle against a strong and enterprising government; they cannot defend themselves with success unless they have reached full development and have come to form part of national ideas and habits.Hence, until communalfreedom has come toformpart of mores, it can be easily destroyed, and it cannot enter into mores without a long-recognized legal existence.-A. deTocqueviile 1 It seems appropriate to recall Alexis de Tocqueville's prophetic words during an era in which "new federalism" is promoted as a panacea for social and economic ills.Home rule, introduced as a vehicle for providing cities, towns, and counties with self-governing powers, was developed in the late nineteenth century.The early home rule movement was "fueled by widespread public indignation over excessive legislative interference with and insensitivity toward local problems and concerns, and by a growing dissatisfaction with the enormously inefficient system of performing local lawmaking functions at the state level."' A century later, home rule powers are being explored and reconsidered, but the current movement is prompted not only by the public's continued dissatisfaction with the inefficiencies of lawmaking functions performed at the state level, but also by dissatisfaction at the other end of the political spectrum.Today, because of the federal government's focus on escalating administrative costs for federal level programs designed to remedy state and local problems, additional pressure exists to delegate power to local units of government.Home rule returns legislative power to cities, towns, and counties under the philosophy that those closest to the people can best minister to their needs.In turn, such a delegation of power could in theory reduce the federal government's responsibility for the social and economic difficulties local units face. 3A twofold problem exists, however, in that first, American cities seem unable to solve their current problems or control their future development, and second, there is a widespread perception of the powerlessness of American cities in this 1. A. DEToCQUEVILLE, DEMOCRACY IN AMERICA 62 (Lawrence trans.1969).After wandering across the country in the early 1830's deTocqueville reported that The strength of free peoples resides in the local community.Local institutions are toliberty what primary schools are to science; they put it within the people's reach, they teach people to appreciate its peaceful enjoyment and accustom them to make use of it.Without local institutions a nation may give itself a free government, but it has not got a spirit of liberty.id. at 63.
Safer celebrating: what can be done to reduce the road trauma associated with youth celebrations? (2003)

End-of-year celebrations and celebrations of key events such as New Years Eve have long been recognised as potentially contributing to increased risk of injury to young people, particularly road related injury. Youthsafe, in partnership with the Roads and Traffic Authority NSW, has undertaken research to explore strategies for encouraging safer celebrations for young people. The result of this research is a guide for road safety and health professionals to developing safer celebrating projects. This paper will focus on Youthsafe's 'Safe Celebrating Guide' project which involved extensive literature reviews as well as consultation with key stakeholders and topic area experts. Findings from the project will be discussed including promising strategies for encouraging safer celebrations amongst young people with the aim of reducing road trauma associated with these activities. (a) For the covering entry of this conference, please see ITRD abstract no. E210298.
Exosome Secretion Is Enhanced by Invadopodia and Drives Invasive Behavior (2013)

Unconventional secretion of exosome vesicles from multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) occurs across a broad set of systems and is reported to be upregulated in cancer, where it promotes aggressive behavior. However, regulatory control of exosome secretion is poorly understood. Using cancer cells, we identified specialized invasive actin structures called invadopodia as specific and critical docking and secretion sites for CD63- and Rab27a-positive MVEs. Thus, inhibition of invadopodia formation greatly reduced exosome secretion into conditioned media. Functionally, addition of purified exosomes or inhibition of exosome biogenesis or secretion greatly affected multiple invadopodia life cycle steps, including invadopodia formation, stabilization, and exocytosis of proteinases, indicating a key role for exosome cargoes in promoting invasive activity and providing in situ signaling feedback. Exosome secretion also controlled cellular invasion through three-dimensional matrix. These data identify a synergistic interaction between invadopodia biogenesis and exosome secretion and reveal a fundamental role for exosomes in promoting cancer cell invasiveness.
Short-Time Voltage Transients in Shipboard Electrical Systems (1973)

Interest in high-amplitude short-time voltage transients has increased with the introduction of solid-state equipment into the electrical system. The paper presents and discusses some of the causes of short-time voltage transients, the special instrumentation developed to measure these phenomena, and the results of preliminary measurements made aboard a number of naval ships.
Carbodiimide-Modified Polyisocyanurate Foams: Preparation and Flame Resistance (1994)

Recently, elimination of CFCs and recycling have been discussed extensively in the polyurethane industry. Safety and health considerations are also important issues as is fire safety. Fire-retardant rigid polyurethane foams have been used in numerous applications as excellent insulation materials. These foams, however, are still flammable under actual fire conditions. In order to solve this problem, polyisocyanurate foams have been developed and commercialized. This paper discusses the preparation and flame resistance of carbodiimide- modified polyisocyanurate foams as thermally stable and substantially flame- retardant foams. Conventional polyisocyanurate foams are generally modified with urethane linkages to improve the brittleness of polyisocyanurate foams
Policy options for edible oil complex in India under WTO regime. (2011)

The paper assesses the technology and price policy options for edible oil sector in post-WTO scenario. Among all agricultural commodities, India's edible oil sector is more open to international markets and various policy instruments are used to influence demand and supply conditions. Within edible oil complex, oil cake/meal are highly competitive and edible oils are not competitive. The paper argues that even though in oilseed production India is competitive, due to inefficient processing sector, edible oils are less competitive. Processing sector is dominated by traditional ghanies and expellers with low capacity, low oil recovery and outdated technology. The paper suggests that reducing tariffs on oilseed sector will have negligible effect on trade creation and consumer surplus, while eliminating tariffs on edible oils will increase edible oil imports by 50 per cent over the base scenario of 5 mt in 2007. Increasing efficiency in processing sector through increased capacity utilisation and modernisation of processing sector are important to reduce cost of production of edible oils. There was a need to simplify norms to facilitate upgradation of technology and innovation in processing sector. Providing support for innovation, encouraging the spread of best practice, providing loan guarantees for small firms, and providing subsidies for investment in oilseed production centres to upgradation in ghanies and expellers is essential to make edible oils competitive within edible oil complex internationally and reduce over-dependence on imports of edible oils.
Role of Cyclins in Neuronal Differentiation of Immortalized Hippocampal Cells (1997)

The proto-oncogene cyclin D1 and the neuron-specific cyclins p35 and p39 are expressed during brain maturation. To investigate the role of these cyclins in neuronal differentiation, we used a conditionally immortalized rat hippocampal cell line, H19-7, that expresses cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 5 (cdk4 and -5). Cyclin D1, which activates cdk4 and binds but does not activate cdk5, was increased upon differentiation of the H19-7 cells. However, microinjection of either sense or antisense cyclin D1 cDNA or anti-cyclin D1 antibodies had no effect on morphological differentiation of the cells. On the other hand, neurite outgrowth was stimulated by expression of p35 or p39, both of which activate cdk5. A dominant-negative mutant of cdk5 blocked both p35- and p39-induced neurite extension as well as basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF)-induced neuronal differentiation. However, of these cyclins, only antisense p39 prevented bFGF-induced neurite outgrowth. These studies indicate that cyclin D1 is neither necessary nor sufficient for morphological differentiation, that p35 is sufficient but not required, and that p39 is both necessary and sufficient for neurite outgrowth in the hippocampal cells. Taken together, these results represent the first demonstration of a specific role for p39 in neuronal differentiation, implicate the cyclin-activated kinase cdk5 in this process, and indicate that p39 is able to mediate neurite outgrowth in the presence or absence of cyclin D1.
Meta Fine-Tuning Neural Language Models for Multi-Domain Text Mining (2020)

Pre-trained neural language models bring significant improvement for various NLP tasks, by fine-tuning the models on task-specific training sets. During fine-tuning, the parameters are initialized from pre-trained models directly, which ignores how the learning process of similar NLP tasks in different domains is correlated and mutually reinforced. In this paper, we propose an effective learning procedure named Meta Fine-Tuning (MFT), served as a meta-learner to solve a group of similar NLP tasks for neural language models. Instead of simply multi-task training over all the datasets, MFT only learns from typical instances of various domains to acquire highly transferable knowledge. It further encourages the language model to encode domain-invariant representations by optimizing a series of novel domain corruption loss functions. After MFT, the model can be fine-tuned for each domain with better parameter initializations and higher generalization ability. We implement MFT upon BERT to solve several multi-domain text mining tasks. Experimental results confirm the effectiveness of MFT and its usefulness for few-shot learning.
Gastric air contrast: useful adjunct to hepatic artery scintigraphy (1984)

The utility of scintigraphic views obtained after administration of sodium bicarbonate-citric acid-simethicone crystals (E-Z-GAS) for the determination of gastric extrahepatic perfusion was evaluated in 20 technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin hepatic arterial perfusion studies performed in 19 patients. These crystals produce carbon dioxide gas, distend the stomach, and allow better delineation of gastric activity (extrahepatic perfusion to the stomach). Conversely, a lack of change in activity in the left upper quadrant after the effervescent crystals have been ingested suggests no gastric activity (and no extrahepatic perfusion to the stomach). These "air-contrast" views added useful information in 16 of 20 studies. In three cases prior hepatic arterial perfusion studies without air contrast were misinterpreted as lacking extrahepatic perfusion, which was only recognized on subsequent studies through the use of the air-contrast views. In another case extrahepatic perfusion was erroneously diagnosed on a hepatic arterial perfusion study without air contrast, with a follow-up air-contrast hepatic arterial perfusion study showing this to have been a false-positive diagnosis. Air-contrast views of the stomach can be extremely helpful in verifying or excluding the diagnosis of gastric extrahepatic perfusion on technetium-99m macroaggregated albumin hepatic arterial perfusion studies.
Dual effect, certainty equivalence, and separation in stochastic control (1974)

In this paper the various policies in fixed end-time stochastic control are discussed first. The emphasis is on the difference between the feedback and closed-loop policies. It is shown how the closed-loop policy has the important property that it can be actively adaptive, while the feedback policy can only be passively adaptive. The feature of being actively adaptive is possible when the control has a dual effect, i.e., in addition to its effect on the state it affects the state uncertainty. The intimate connection between the neutrality (lack of dual effect) and certainty equivalence properties for a class of problems is proved. This new result is then used to widen the class of problems for which it was previously known that the certainty equivalence property holds.
Octabromofulvalene<sup>1</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOctabromofulvalene1Paul T. Kwitowski and Robert WestCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 19, 4541Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00971a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00971a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Fiber Bragg Grating-Based Anemometer (2018)

A novel fiber anemometer based on two pairs of fiber gratings is experimentally demonstrated and can simultaneously detect wind speed and wind direction. One pair of gratings, which are separated by 90° in space, is fixed on a small stainless steel pipe driven by a rotating disc for measuring the wind-direction angle. The other pair is composed of a sensing and a matched grating. The frequency of the spectrum-shifted of the sensing grating to overlap with that of the matched grating is employed for determining the wind speed. The errors in the wind-speed and wind-angle measurements are experimentally demonstrated to be less than 1%. The proposed fiber anemometer with a simple and durable structure can be applied in wind-powered electricity generators.
[Phase II study with methyl-6[[[2-chloroethyl) nitrosoamino] carbonyl] amino]-6-deoxy-alpha-D-glucopyranoside (MCNU) in hematological malignancies]. (1983)

A total of 117 cases with hematological malignancies were treated with MCNU at doses of 70-100 mg/m2. Following are the results obtained. 1. MCNU showed a marked depression of cells in the cases with CML, polycythemia vera and thrombocythemia. The low level of cells was maintained for 2 to 7 months. 2. A good response was observed in several cases with blastic crises of CML. 3. No response was observed in two cases with acute leukemia. 4. Although a fair response was observed in several cases with malignant lymphoma or multiple myeloma, moderate bone marrow suppression was observed in a majority of the cases.
<title>Customer and household matching: resolving entity identity in data warehouses</title> (2000)

The data preparation and cleansing tasks necessary to ensure high quality data are among the most difficult challenges faced in data warehousing and data mining projects. The extraction of source data, transformation into new forms, and loading into a data warehouse environment are all time consuming tasks that can be supported by methodologies and tools. This paper focuses on the problem of record linkage or entity matching, tasks that can be very important in providing high quality data. Merging two or more large databases into a single integrated system is a difficult problem in many industries, especially in the wake of acquisitions. For example, managing customer lists can be challenging when duplicate entries, data entry problems, and changing information conspire to make data quality an elusive target. Common tasks with regard to customer lists include customer matching to reduce duplicate entries and household matching to group customers. These often O(n<SUP>2</SUP>) problems can consume significant resources, both in computing infrastructure and human oversight, and the goal of high accuracy in the final integrated database can be difficult to assure. This paper distinguishes between attribute corruption and entity corruption, discussing the various impacts on quality. A metajoin operator is proposed and used to organize past and current entity matching techniques. Finally, a logistic regression approach to implementing the metajoin operator is discussed and illustrated with an example. The metajoin can be used to determine whether two records match, don't match, or require further evaluation by human experts. Properly implemented, the metajoin operator could allow the integration of individual databases with greater accuracy and lower cost.