gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrating dependability analysis and optimization into the distributed embedded system design process (2000)

The goal of this research is to add dependability analysis into the design of distributed embedded systems. This helps system designers evaluate system dependability, while other system evaluation concerns, such as system performance, and design cost, are analyzed during every step in the system design process. 
Currently, there exists very few embedded system design frameworks that consider both dependability and performance properties of all the software and hardware components together during the design process, and nave of them support design for all design levels in the system design process, including evaluations of system redundancy, and dependency in failure behavior of the components that have both software and hardware. 
To solve these problems, we have designed a framework for integrating dependability analysis into the design of distributed, heterogeneous, fault-tolerant embedded systems. Our system dependability analysis provides choices of system design based on the dependability results. In addition, we perform system dependability evaluation and optimization early in the system design process, without needing complete design information. In other words, with incomplete design information, we are able to predict the behavior of system dependability. This benefit significantly reduces time and cost in system design. 
We present several models to demonstrate our techniques for optimizing system reliability and cost for fault-tolerant distributed embedded systems. The models help us find the optimal embedded (software and hardware) system structures while considering basic information on reliability, cost and weight of the components. Each model is suitable for a distinct set of conditions or situations. The models maximize reliability while meeting cost and/or weight constraints, or minimize cost while meeting reliability constraints.
A TAXONOMIC ANALYSIS OF CRASH CONTRIBUTING FACTORS AND PROSPECTS FOR ITS CRASH COUNTERMEASURES (1996)

A multi-year study was recently completed that examined several major highway crash types. The examined crash types included rear-end, roadway departure, backing, lane change, opposite-direction, and various intersection-related crashes. Each analysis addressed the crash problem's size, crash sub-types, contributing or causal factors associated with each crash, potential ITS crash countermeasures concepts, and crash avoidance requirements. A series of reports based on this work has been prepared. This paper summarizes the key characteristics and contributing or causal factors associated with each crash type. These contributing factors are organized into a taxonomy to illustrate common properties among them. This taxonomy is used to indicate generic crash contributing factors and circumstances that may not be amenable to crash avoidance system alleviation or that may affect the benefits to be derived from development and implementation of ITS crash countermeasures.
Safety and efficacy of red yeast rice (Monascus purpureus) as an alternative therapy for hyperlipidemia. (2009)

Red yeast rice is a Chinese fermented rice product (Monascus purpureus) that some have claimed improves blood circulation by decreasing cholesterol and triglyceride levels in humans. The supplement contains naturally occurring monacolin K, the active ingredient found in Merck's prescription agent lovastatin (Mevacor). Lovastatin is associated with various adverse effects such as myopathy and abnormal liver function test results, which can lead to serious problems if patients are not monitored and treated. The inclusion of lovastatin in red yeast rice and the lack of dietary supplement regulation by the FDA raise safety concerns for health care professionals as well as for patients. Studies have shown that red yeast rice products can be beneficial in lowering serum cholesterol levels, but they are not without risk. Furthermore, product uniformity, purity, labeling, and safety cannot be guaranteed.
Effect of Dietary Inclusion of<i> N</i>‐Acetyl Cysteine on Mucus Viscosity and Susceptibility of Rainbow Trout,<i> Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>, and Atlantic Salmon,<i> Salmo salar</i>, to Amoebic Gill Disease (2007)

Abstract The treatment of amoebic gill disease (AGD) in cultured Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., using mucolytic agents has been previously reported. The agent L‐cysteine ethyl ester reduces salmonid mucus viscosity and potentially increases the flushing of the gill. In the present study, the effects of the mucolytic agent N ‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) were assessed. Cutaneous mucus from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss Walbaum, and Atlantic salmon was shown to have reduced viscosity when mixed in vitro with 100 or 200 μg/mL NAC. Saltwater‐acclimated rainbow trout and Atlantic salmon were fed an oil‐incorporated, NAC‐medicated diet (8 g NAC/kg diet) for up to 24 d and challenged with inoculation of 300 cells/L Neoparamoeba spp., the etiological agent of AGD. Control fish were fed normal oil‐coated pellets and received no NAC. NAC medication failed to reduce the severity of gill lesions associated with AGD even though the mucus viscosity from medicated fish was less than that of controls. Oral NAC medication does not appear to be an effective method for controlling AGD in salmonids despite reducing cutaneous mucus viscosity.
WAVEFORM SYNTHESIS - THE ESSEX SOLUTION TO REPETITIVE NOISE AND VIBRATION (2024)

The Essex system for vibration and noise cancellation is briefly described. The periodicity of the system makes both sensing and filtering un-necessary and the anti-phase version can simply be synthesized and made coincident with the source. The system makes use of the information from the previous repeat cycle, and so has the benefit of negative time in which to synthesize the cancelling noise pressure waveform and propagate it at precisely the right instant.
Intelligent Network Video (2008)

Offering ready access to the security industry‘s cutting-edge digital future, Intelligent Network Video provides the first complete reference for all those involved with developing, implementing, and maintaining the latest surveillance systems. Pioneering expert Fredrik Nilsson explains how IP-based video surveillance systems provide better image q
Thymosin alpha-1 Protected T Cells from Excessive Activation in Severe COVID-19 (2020)

Abstract Two typical features of uncontrolled inflammation, cytokine storm and lymphopenia, are associated with the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), demonstrating that both innate and adaptive immune responses are involved in the development of this disease. Recent studies have explored the contribution of innate immune cells to the pathogenesis of the infection. However, the impact of adaptive immunity on this disease remains unknown. In order to clarify the role of adaptive immune response in COVID-19, we characterized the phenotypes of lymphocytes in PBMCs from patients at different disease stages using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology. Dynamics of the effector cell levels in lymphocytes revealed dysregulated adaptive immune responses in patients with severe disease. A new cluster of excessively activated CD8 T cells (Tea) was further identified, which displayed exhausted phenotypes and diminished function of antigen recognition. Interestingly, expression of PTMA, the proprotein of Tα1, was significantly increased in a group of highly proliferating CD8 T cells with memory stem cell features. We further showed that Tα1 significantly promoted the proliferation of activated T cells in vitro and relieved the lymphopenia in COVID-19 patients. Our data suggest that protection of T cells from excessive activation might be critical for the prevention of severe COVID-19.
Stereoblock Polylactides as High-Performance Bio-Based Polymers (2009)

Mixing of poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(D-lactic acid) (PDLA) affords stereocomplex-type PLA (sc-PLA) having a high melting temperature of 230°C, and its use provides higher thermal properties for PLA materials. The stereocomplex formation, however, is always accompanied by homochiral crystallization of PLLA and PDLA, causing deterioration of properties, when their molecular weight is higher than 100 kDa. Therefore, stereoblock-type PLAs (sb-PLA) consisting of PLLA and PDLA stereosequences are developed by utilizing new synthetic methodologies. The sb-PLAs exclusively generate the stereocomplex because of the better mixing state of their enantiomeric sequences and can be utilized as high-performance bio-based materials.
Modeling Simple Genetic Algorithms (1995)

The infinite- and finite-population models of the simple genetic algorithm are extended and unified, The result incorporates both transient and asymptotic GA behavior. This leads to an interpretation of genetic search that partially explains population trajectories. In particular, the asymptotic behavior of the large-population simple genetic algorithm is analyzed.
Photopolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of polyheteroarylenes (2009)

The free-radical photopolymerization of (meth)acrylates in the presence of a polyheteroarylene dissolved in a monomer has been studied. The kinetics of the radical polymerization of these monomers mediated by polyheteroarylene and the corresponding model compound has been investigated by differential scanning photocalorimetry and IR spectroscopy. Based on the experimental data, it is inferred that copolymers form due to chain transfer and/or chain termination to polyheteroarylene macromolecules. With the use of ESR spectroscopy, new radicals generated upon the addition of model polyheteroarylene compound to the initial solutions are discovered and characterized. The mechanism of the formation of copolymers is advanced.
Mechanism of Surface Carbon Formation During the Pyrolysis of Benzene in the Presence of Hydrogen (1983)

The mechanism of carbon formation on polycrystalline Cu foils was studied for the pyrolysis of benzene in the presence of hydrogen. The study was carried out on a microbalance tubular flow reactor at temperatures ranging form 800 to 1050°C. The rate of surface carbon deposition was constant after an initial period during which no appreciable deposition was observed. The dependence of the rate on the partial pressure of hydrogen seems to follow a negative order, while it is linear with respect to benzene initial partial pressure. The temperature dependence of the rate was found to follow an Arrhenius behavior with activation energy close to 50 kcal/mole. These effects can be explained by means of a mechanism proposed in this paper which postulates that benzene molecules decompose to form free radicals; the free radicals in turn react among themselves to product macromolecules or react with hydrogen to become inactive. The macromolecules, after saturation is reached, will condense into droplets. The droplets will grow by further addition of macromolecules and collide with the metallic surface where they deposit.
Mutations Affecting Programmed Cell Deaths in the Nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> s (1983)

Mutations in two nonessential genes specifically block the phagocytosis of cells programmed to die during development. With few exceptions, these cells still die, suggesting that, in nematodes, engulfment is not necessary for most programmed deaths. Instead, these deaths appear to occur by cell suicide.
Separation of a serum-derived tumoricidal factor from a helper factor for plaque-forming cells. (1980)

C3H/HeN mice administered BCG followed by lipopolysaccharide 14 days later released into their serum a cytotoxic factor for tumor cells and a factor that restored the anti-SRBC plaque-forming cell response of nude mouse spleen cells (helper activity). Gel filtration of serum containing the cytotoxic and the helper activities indicated that both factors exhibited an apparent m.w. of 125,000 to 150,000. The helper activity was also found at lower m.w. (60,000 and 13,000) suggesting the possibility that this factor existed in aggregated forms. Gel filtration of ammonium sulfate (40 to 60% saturation) precipitated serum in a high ionic strength buffer (1.6 M NaCl) resulted in shifts in the apparent m.w. of both factors. The cytotoxic factor now exhibited a m.w. of 55,000. The helper activity eluted with an apparent m.w. of 13,000, and thus was clearly separated from the cytotoxic factor. The helper activity was further shown to co-elute with macrophage-derived lymphocyte activating factor (LAF). This as well as other data represent the first demonstration of in vivo produced LAF.
CpG oligodeoxynucleotide as immune adjuvant enhances photodynamic therapy response in murine metastatic breast cancer (2013)

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer death in women. The side effects and complications following current breast cancer therapy can be devastating. Moreover, the prognosis in late stages of the diseases is usually poor. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a promising cancer treatment modality that is capable of both local tumor destruction and immune stimulation. However, treatment with PDT alone is often non-curative due to tumor-induced immune cell dysfunction and immune suppression. This phenomenon has motivated a new approach by combining immunostimulants with PDT to enhance anti-tumor immunity. In the present study, we investigated PDT mediated by verteporfin and 690 nm light delivered 15 min later, in combination with an immunomodulation approach using CpG oligodeoxynucleotide for the treatment of 4T1 metastatic breast cancer in a BALB/c immunocompetent mouse model. In vitro, CpG primed immature dendritic cells (DC) via toll like receptor 9 to phagocytose PDT killed tumor cells leading to DC maturation and activation. Peritumoral injection of CpG after PDT in mice gave improved local tumor control and a survival advantage compared to either treatment alone (p < 0.05). CpG may be a valuable dendritic cell targeted immunoadjuvant to combine with PDT.
CYTOKININS: Activity, Biosynthesis, and Translocation (2006)

Cytokinins (CKs) play a crucial role in various phases of plant growth and development, but the basic molecular mechanisms of their biosynthesis and signal transduction only recently became clear. The progress was achieved by identifying a series of key genes encoding enzymes and proteins controlling critical steps in biosynthesis, translocation, and signaling. Basic schemes for CK homeostasis and root/shoot communication at the whole-plant level can now be devised. This review summarizes recent findings on the relationship between CK structural variation and activity, distinct features in CK biosynthesis between higher plants and Agrobacterium infected plants, CK translocation at whole-plant and cellular levels, and CKs as signaling molecules for nutrient status via root-shoot communication.
Cellulose Fibrils for Polymer Reinforcement (2004)

Agglomerated cellulose fibrils embedded in a lignin matrix in the cell wall are a predominant reason for the outstanding specific tensile strength of wood. To convert these mechanical properties to practical use for polymer composites, the fibrils were isolated out of sulphite pulp. Depending on the disintegration method, the fibrils have diameters in the nanometer and lengths in the micrometer range.
[Protective action of ginseng root saponins on hypobaric hypoxic animals]. (1988)

When rats were exposed to a hypobaric hypoxic environment (31.25 kPa. 235 mm Hg), the rectal temperature and electrocardiogram activity of the rats decreased. These results were diminished by ginseng root saponins (GRS, ip lOO mg/kg). GRS protected tissues and mitochondrials of brain and heart of mice from hypobaric hypoxic damage and prolonged the survival time of hypoxic mice, but had no effect on adrenalectomized mice. These results indicate that the protective action of GRS on hypobaric hypoxic mice may be related to an effect of GRS on the adrenal gland axis.
A model of phenotypic susceptibility to tuberculosis: deficient in silico selection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis epitopes by HLA alleles. (2008)

HLA-DR allelic variants have been associated with tuberculosis (TB) susceptibility in different populations with risk ratios of 3.7 to 7.2. We hypothesized that the genetic susceptibility to TB depends upon the reduced capability of HLA-class II alleles of TB patients to bind and select peptide antigen from the Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) expressed genome. To test this hypothesis, we developed a software that can predict HLA-DR restricted epitopes within the whole MTB genome based on quantitative peptide binding matrices. We analyzed the number of MTB epitopes recognized in two previously described populations of TB patients and matched controls and in a control population comprised of individuals affected by a sarcoid-like granuloma induced by beryllium and by healthy exposed controls. The number of putative epitopes within the whole MTB genome which could be bound by any HLA-DR allele (HLA-DR immunome of MTB) was 405,422 out of 1,304,277 possible 9-mers i.e., 31.08% of the global capability, instead of the expected 35%. When tested at an affinity level equivalent of the 1% of the best binder peptides, the HLA-DR alleles (HLA-DRB1*0801, *0802, *1401, *1501 and *1502) associated with TB susceptibility recognized a significantly lower mean number of MTB-epitopes (7,862 +/- 4,258) than the MTB-epitopes recognized by HLA-DR alleles (HLA-DRB1*0301, *0701, *1101, *1102, *1301 and *1302) negatively associated with TB (11,376 +/- 1,984, p<0.032). The number of epitopes bound at high affinity out of the whole MTB genome by the combination of the two HLA-DR alleles carried by each individual was lower in TB patients [TB-population 1: 11,341 +/- 908 (mean+SEM); TB-population 2: 15,303 +/- 657] than in matched healthy controls (CTR-population 1: 13,587 +/- 605, p<0.03 vs TB-population 1; CTR-population 2: 1,6841 +/- 555, p<0.04 vs TB-population 2). No difference was seen in individuals with the sarcoid-like granuloma induced by beryllium compared to the exposed healthy (beryllium-hypersensitivity: 17,593 +/- 447; controls 18,014 +/- 421; p=0.57). The data suggest that HLA-DR alleles associated with susceptibility to tuberculosis may be endowed with a reduced capability to bind at high affinity T-cell epitopes and select them for antigen presentation. The same alleles may contribute to determine the reaction to mycobacteria in non tuberculous granulomatous disorders.
NEW MS-WINDOWS-BASED EDUCATIONAL SOFTWARE FOR TEACHING THE SUNPATH DIAGRAM AND SHADING MASK PROTRACTOR (1996)

The well-known versions of the sunpath diagrams and\nshading mask protractors that appear in the AIA's\nArchitectural Graphics Standards are based on the\nequidistant projections and use a shading mask protractor\ndeveloped by Olgyay and Olgyay at Princeton University\nin the 1950s. A designer using the AIA's Graphics\nStandards book, or other printed versions of the sunpath\ndiagram must select the nearest latitude, make\nphotocopies of the appropriate sunpath diagram and\nshading mask protractor, and then overlay the shading\nmask protractor upon the diagram in the proper\norientation. The outline of the shading device is then\ntranscribed upon the shading mask, aligned at the proper\norientation for the facade in which the window is being\nanalyzed, and placed on top of the sunpath diagram to\ndetermine if a point centered at the base of the window is\nexposed to direct sunlight. Obviously, teaching this\nprocess to architects and engineers is tedious and error-prone\nsince the students must calculate several angles to\nascertain whether or not a given shading device is going\nto work as planned and then painstakingly transcribe their\ncalculations onto the printed sunpath diagram and\nshading mask protractor.\nThis paper describes a new MS-Windows-based\neducational software package that has been developed to\nfast-track the learning and use of the sunpath diagram and\nshading mask protractor which is based on previously\npublished equations for plotting the sunpath diagram and\nshading mask protractor. Examples will be provided that\ndemonstrate some basic configurations of shading devices\nthat are often misrepresented in the standard literature.
25‐Hydroxycholesterol 3‐sulfate regulates lipid metabolism via SREBP‐1 in human macrophages (2008)

Macrophages are the most prominent cell type in atherosclerotic lesions. The earliest atherosclerotic lesions are characterized by the accumulation of foam cells in the arterial wall. The foam cells develop following the accumulation of lipids in macrophages. To reduce the accumulation or increase the elimination of lipids in macrophages is central to prevent the development of atherosclerotic foam cells. We have found that 25‐hydroxychosterol 3‐sulfate (25HC3S) plays an important role in lipid metabolism in hepatocytes. In the present study, we further examined the role of this oxysterol in lipid metabolism in macrophages. The results indicate that treatment of human leukemia cell line derived macrophages with 25HC3S decreased expression of sterol regulatory element binding protein and of its downstream targeting genes encoding key enzymes, fatty acid synthase (FAS), acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC‐1), and HMG reductase, which are involved in fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis; Oil‐Red O staining and MTT cell proliferation assay showed that 25HC3S decreased intracellular lipid accumulation and increased the cell viability in the oxidized low density lipoprotein‐treated cells, which were opposite to the effect of 25‐hydroxycholesterol. These studies suggest that 25HC3S is a potent regulator of lipid metabolism in macrophages and may be useful for prevention and therapy of atherosclerosis.