gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of crosstalk in very high-speed LSI/VLSI's using a coupled multiconductor MIS microstrip line model (1984)

Crosstalk in very high-speed LSI/VLSI's is analyzed using a coupled multiconductor metal-insulator-semiconductor (MIS) microstrip line model. Loss in the substrate is ignored for simplicity. A periodic boundary condition is used, and the mode analysis is done using the Green's function method. Effects of line length, spacing, substrate thickness, and output impedance of gates are investigated. The "lumped capacitance" approximation for interconnections is shown to be inadequate for crosstalk evaluation when the circuit speed is less than 200-300 ps in LSI circuits. The result indicates that crosstalk considerations based on a transmission-line model is very important in the design of very high-speed LSI/VLSI circuits. Provisions of adjacent shield lines are shown to be significantly effective in reducing crosstalk, but at the risk of dynamic ringing and at the sacrifice of wiring capacity. A shielded multilevel interconnect scheme is proposed for reduction of crosstalk without reduction of wiring capacity.
User-centric evaluation of a K-furthest neighbor collaborative filtering recommender algorithm (2013)

Collaborative filtering recommender systems often use nearest neighbor methods to identify candidate items. In this paper we present an inverted neighborhood model, k-Furthest Neighbors, to identify less ordinary neighborhoods for the purpose of creating more diverse recommendations. The approach is evaluated two-fold, once in a traditional information retrieval evaluation setting where the model is trained and validated on a split train/test set, and once through an online user study (N=132) to identify users' perceived quality of the recommender. A standard k-nearest neighbor recommender is used as a baseline in both evaluation settings. Our evaluation shows that even though the proposed furthest neighbor model is outperformed in the traditional evaluation setting, the perceived usefulness of the algorithm shows no significant difference in the results of the user study.
Interactions Between the Nucleus Accumbens and Auditory Cortices Predict Music Reward Value (2013)

We used functional magnetic resonance imaging to investigate neural processes when music gains reward value the first time it is heard. The degree of activity in the mesolimbic striatal regions, especially the nucleus accumbens, during music listening was the best predictor of the amount listeners were willing to spend on previously unheard music in an auction paradigm. Importantly, the auditory cortices, amygdala, and ventromedial prefrontal regions showed increased activity during listening conditions requiring valuation, but did not predict reward value, which was instead predicted by increasing functional connectivity of these regions with the nucleus accumbens as the reward value increased. Thus, aesthetic rewards arise from the interaction between mesolimbic reward circuitry and cortical networks involved in perceptual analysis and valuation.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polymer Nanofoams (2007)

In order to obtain thin film dielectric layers with very low dielectric constants for use in microelectronic devices, polyimide nanofoamed films has been prepared from the polyimide precursors (PMDA-ODA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in N,N-dimethylacetamide. The synthesization process included blending polyimide as the major phase with a minor phase of the thermally labile PEO blocks. The foamed films were characterized by a variety of experiments including TG and SEM, and the experimental results indicated that the labile PEO would undergo oxidative thermolysis to release small moleculars from the matrix so as to leave voids into the polyimide matrix. The dielectric properties of the films were studied over broad frequency ranges. The dependences of dielectric constant on the PEO content in the films and frequency were discussed. The films with a proper amount of PEO displayed relatively low dielectric constant compared to the pure polyimide film. Thin film foams with high thermal stability and low dielectric constants can be prepared using the approach.
Neural Semantic Parsing with Type Constraints for Semi-Structured Tables (2017)

We present a new semantic parsing model for answering compositional questions on semi-structured Wikipedia tables. Our parser is an encoder-decoder neural network with two key technical innovations:
Zirconium and niobium transmission data at wavelengths from 11-16 nm and 200-1200 nm (2004)

Transmission measurements of niobium and zirconium at both extreme-ultraviolet (EUV) and ultraviolet, visible, and near infrared (UV/Vis/NIR) wavelengths are presented. Thin foils of various thicknesses mounted on nickel mesh substrates were measured, and these data were used to calculate the optical constants delta and beta of the complex refractive index n = 1- δ + iβ. β values were calculated directly from the measured transmittance of the foils after normalizing for the nickel mesh. The average beta values for each set of foils are presented as a function of wavelength. The real (dispersive) part of the refractive index, delta was then calculated from Kramers-Kronig analysis by combining these beta values with those from previous experimental data and the atomic tables.
Activation of the Diguanylate Cyclase PleD by Phosphorylation-mediated Dimerization (2007)

Diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) are key enzymes of second messenger signaling in bacteria. Their activity is responsible for the condensation of two GTP molecules into the signaling compound cyclic di-GMP. Despite their importance and abundance in bacteria, catalytic and regulatory mechanisms of this class of enzymes are poorly understood. In particular, it is not clear if oligomerization is required for catalysis and if it represents a level for activity control. To address this question we perform in vitro and in vivo analysis of the Caulobacter crescentus diguanylate cyclase PleD. PleD is a member of the response regulator family with two N-terminal receiver domains and a C-terminal diguanylate cyclase output domain. PleD is activated by phosphorylation but the structural changes inflicted upon activation of PleD are unknown. We show that PleD can be specifically activated by beryllium fluoride in vitro, resulting in dimerization and c-di-GMP synthesis. Cross-linking and fractionation experiments demonstrated that the DGC activity of PleD is contained entirely within the dimer fraction, confirming that the dimer represents the enzymatically active state of PleD. In contrast to the catalytic activity, allosteric feedback regulation of PleD is not affected by the activation status of the protein, indicating that activation by dimerization and product inhibition represent independent layers of DGC control. Finally, we present evidence that dimerization also serves to sequester activated PleD to the differentiating Caulobacter cell pole, implicating protein oligomerization in spatial control and providing a molecular explanation for the coupling of PleD activation and subcellular localization.
Large area cylindrical silicon drift detector (1992)

An advanced silicon drift detector, a large-area cylindrical drift detector, was developed. The authors focus on the design aspects of the detector. They study the transport of electrons in a cylindrical geometry. The consequences of the transport analysis for the pitch of anodes and for the number of readout channels is shown. The flow of the leakage current generated at the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface into a sink anode is considered. The diversion of the leakage current away from the signal anodes improves the performance of the detector. The increase of the current generation on the Si-SiO/sub 2/ interface due to anticipated radiation damage effects the detector less. Some results obtained from laboratory tests and from the operation of the detector at the NA45 experiment at CERN are shown.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transmit <i>B</i><sub>1</sub>‐field correction at 7T using actively tuned coupled inner elements (2011)

When volume coils are used for (1)H imaging of the human head at 7 T, wavelength effects in tissue cause a variation in intensity, that is typically brighter at the center of the head and darker in the periphery. Much of this image nonuniformity can be attributed to variation in the effective transmit B(1) field, which falls by ∼ 50% to the left and right of center at mid-elevation in the brain. Because most of this B(1) loss occurs in the periphery of the brain, we have explored use of actively controlled, off-resonant loop elements to locally enhance the transmit B(1) field in these regions. When tuned to frequencies above the NMR frequency, these elements provide strong local enhancement of the B(1) field of the transmit coil. Because they are tuned off-resonance, some volume coil detuning results, but resistive loading of the coil mode remains dominated by the sample. By digitally controlling their frequency offsets, the field enhancement of each inner element can be placed under active control. Using an array of eight digitally controlled elements placed around a custom-built head phantom, we demonstrate the feasibility of improving the B(1) homogeneity of a transmit/receive volume coil without the need for multiple radio frequency transmit channels.
Different Mechanisms of Longevity in Long-Lived Mouse and <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Mutants Revealed by Statistical Analysis of Mortality Rates (2016)

Mouse and Caenorhabditis elegans mutants with altered life spans are being used to investigate the aging process and how genes determine life span. The survival of a population can be modeled by the Gompertz function, which comprises two parameters. One of these parameters ("G") describes the rate at which mortality accelerates with age and is often described as the "rate of aging." The other parameter ("A") may correspond to the organism's baseline vulnerability to deleterious effects of disease and the environment. We show that, in mice, life-span-extending mutations systematically fail to affect the age-dependent acceleration of mortality (G), but instead affect only baseline vulnerability (A). This remains true even when comparing strains maintained under identical environmental conditions. In contrast, life-span-extending mutations in C. elegans were associated with decreases in G These observations on mortality rate kinetics suggest that the mechanisms of aging in mammals might fundamentally differ from those in nematodes.
Revision of the Nomenclature for the <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> Pesticidal Crystal Proteins (1998)

The crystal proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis have been extensively studied because of their pesticidal properties and their high natural levels of production. The increasingly rapid characterization of new crystal protein genes, triggered by an effort to discover proteins with new pesticidal properties, has resulted in a variety of sequences and activities that no longer fit the original nomenclature system proposed in 1989. Bacillus thuringiensis pesticidal crystal protein (Cry and Cyt) nomenclature was initially based on insecticidal activity for the primary ranking criterion. Many exceptions to this systematic arrangement have become apparent, however, making the nomenclature system inconsistent. Additionally, the original nomenclature, with four activity-based primary ranks for 13 genes, did not anticipate the current 73 holotype sequences that form many more than the original four subgroups. A new nomenclature, based on hierarchical clustering using amino acid sequence identity, is proposed. Roman numerals have been exchanged for Arabic numerals in the primary rank (e.g., Cry1Aa) to better accommodate the large number of expected new sequences. In this proposal, 133 crystal proteins comprising 24 primary ranks are systematically arranged.
Stabilization of Activated Sludge Processes During Wet Weather Flow through Microscreening (1994)

In the activated sludge process, between the aeration tank and the final clarifier, offline microscreening is introduced to separate activated sludge and purified water. The intention is to reduce the drifting of activated sludge from the aeration tank into the final clarifier. Sludge drifting usually occurs during wet weather flow loading of the treatment facility and can cause higher concentrations of ammonia and suspended solids in the effluent. Laboratory and half-technical scale experiments demonstrate that microscreening is suitable for this application. It is expected that the operational stability of activated sludge processes could be improved significantly by this process modification.
Effects of diethyldithiocarbamate and N-methyl-N-dithiocarboxyglucamine on murine hepatic cadmium-metallothionein in vitro. (1985)

A study was made of the effects of diethyldithiocarbamate (DDTC) and N-methyl-N-dithiocarboxyglucamine (MDCG) on partially purified cadmium-metallothionein (Cd-MT) in vitro obtained from livers of mice previously injected with CdCl2 containing 109CdCl2. Analytical Sephadex G-75 gel filtration showed that MDCG effected a time-dependent removal of Cd from MT, and 99% of the Cd was recovered as the soluble Cd(MDCG)2 complex after 24 hr of incubation. Only a portion of Cd of Cd-MT was complexed by DDTC after 24 hr of incubation; 44% remained as Cd-MT, and the net loss following centrifugation prior to application of the samples to the column corresponded to 56% of the Cd originally present. It was proposed that MDCG complexes the 4 g-atoms of Cd in cluster A of MT as well as the 3 g-atoms in cluster B, while DDTC complexes only the 4 g-atoms of Cd in cluster A.
Usability tool for analysis of web designs using mouse tracks (2006)

This paper presents MouseTrack as a web logging system that tracks mouse movements on websites. The system includes a visualization tool that displays the mouse cursor path followed by website visitors. It helps web site administrators run usability tests and analyze the collected data. Practitioners can track any existing webpage by simply entering its URL. This paper includes a design case that shows the tool's value for teaching interaction design concepts.
Controlling the Orientation of Terraced Nanoscale “Ribbons” of a Poly(thiophene) Semiconductor (2009)

The large-scale manufacture of organic electronics devices becomes more feasible if the molecular orientation and morphology of the semiconductor can be controlled. Here, we report on a previously unidentified crystal shape of terraced nanoscale "ribbons" in thin films of poly(2,5-bis(3-alkylthiophen-2-yl)thieno[3,2-b]thiophene) (pBTTT). The ribbons form after a pBTTT film is heated above its highest temperature phase transition. In contrast to the wide terrace crystal shape previously reported, terraced ribbons have lateral widths of approximately 60 nm and lengths greater than 10 microm, with a common orientation between adjacent ribbons. Further, we report a simple and scalable flow coating process that can control the ribbon orientation without requiring special substrates or external fields. The degree of molecular orientation is small after coating but increases dramatically after the terraced ribbons are formed, indicating that an oriented minority templates the whole film structure. The large extent of orientation obtained in these polythiophene crystallites provides potential opportunities to exploit anisotropic electrical properties and to obtain detailed information about the structure of organic semiconductor thin films.
Diclofenac Versus Lidocaine as Injection Therapy in Myofascial Pain (1986)

Twenty-four patients with localized myofascial pain were treated with injections, 11 with 2 ml lidocaine 1% and 13 with 2 ml diclofenac (Voltaren) (50 mg) given in the trigger-point. The effect of therapy was measured by visual analogue scale (VAS) during 5 h corresponding to the expected pharmacological period of effect. Despite the small number of patients a clear trend was seen towards better treatment results with diclofenac, and after 4 h the difference between the two treatments was significant (p less than 0.05). Compared with the pain score value at the start the treatment with diclofenac gave a significant alleviation (p less than 0.05) after 3 h, whereas treatment with lidocaine did not give any significant change in pain level. The demonstrated effect of a prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor illustrates how inflammation is involved as an etiological factor in myofascial pain.
Optimal pumping schemes for gain-band management of thulium-doped fiber amplifiers (2002)

It is shown that, used in conjunction with 1550-nm pumping, 1047-nm pumping is more suitable to operate the TDFA in the short wavelength band while 1400-nm pumping is more efficient for the long wavelength band.
10 Minute Guide to Microsoft Exchange (1997)

From the Publisher:
Microsoft has just released the latest version of Microsoft Exchange, which provides the capability to access the server using a host of new clients, particularly Internet-based clients. This simple, two-color guide has been updated to cover the robust Microsoft Echange groupware product, reflect its additional Internet-based support, and include increased coverage of group-enabled scheduling capabilities.
Uses the easy-to-follow approach of the best-selling 10 Minute Guides
Shows how to compose and send messages, use personal folders, manage tasks, delegate mail functions, work off-line, administer public folders, and much more
Micromagnetic Computation of Damping Constant Effect on Switching Mechanism of a Hexagonal Platelet Particle (1993)

The effect of Gilbert's damping constant on the switching mechanism of a magnetic hexagonal platelet particle was investigated by computer simulation. Three damping constants were used for the calculation: α=1, 0.3 and 0.1. When a uniform field is applied in the direction of the easy axis of the platelet, the average magnetization in that direction begins to oscillate. The amplitude of the oscillation, which increases with decreasing damping constant, decreases with time. Switching occurs after the oscillation ceases. The magnetic moments of the platelets switch in the vortex mode for all damping constants investigated. The switching mechanism is complicated in a small α platelet; the center of the vortex moves around in a hexagonal plane at small α (α=0.1), but the center of the vortex stays at the center at large α (α=0.3, 1).
Experimental and computational analysis of a novel flow channel to assess the adhesion strength of sessile marine organisms (2014)

Bioadhesives produced by marine macroalgae represent a potential source of inspiration for the development of water-resistant adhesives. Assessing their adhesion strength, however, remains difficult owing to low volumes of adhesive material produced, low solubility and rapid curing time. These difficulties can be circumvented by testing the adhesion strength of macroalgae propagules attached to a substrate. In this paper, we present a simple, novel flow channel used to test the adhesion strength of the germlings of the fucalean alga Hormosira banksii to four substrates of biomedical relevance (PMMA, agar, gelatin and gelatin + lipid). The adhesion strength of H. banksii germlings was found to increase in a time-dependent manner, with minimal adhesion success after a settlement period of 6 h and maximum adhesion strength achieved 24 h after initial settlement. Adhesion success increased most dramatically between 6 and 12 h settlement time, while no additional increase in adhesion strength was recorded for settlement times over 24 h. No significant difference in adhesion strength to the various substrates was observed. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to estimate the influence of fluid velocity and germling density on drag force acting on the settled organisms. CFD modelling showed that, on average, the drag force decreased with increasing germling number, suggesting that germlings would benefit from gregarious settlement behaviour. Collectively, our results contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms allowing benthic marine organisms to thrive in hydrodynamically stressful environments and provide useful insights for further investigations.
Performance of synchronous parallel discrete-event simulation (2002)

Explores the performance of three synchronous discrete-event simulation algorithms: the global clock algorithm, the conservative lookahead algorithm, and speculative computation. We examine the effects of granularity and present empirical data to illustrate at what granularity the algorithm has reasonable performance. We also investigate two techniques for decreasing both synchronization and load imbalance. In addition, we examine how various execution platforms impact the performance of the simulation, providing empirical data from a network of workstations and a shared-memory multiprocessor. The impact of shared computational resources on simulation performance is also explored. The simulated system is a network of queues connected in a torus topology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Control and improvement of p-type conductivity in indium and nitrogen codoped ZnO thin films (2006)

p -type ZnO thin films have been fabricated by In and N codoping. The carrier type in the In–N codoped ZnO can be controlled by adjusting the growth conditions and good p-type conductivity is obtained at temperatures between 490 and 580°C. The p-type behavior is improved when a buffer layer is used. The lowest reliable room temperature resistivity is found to be 7.85Ωcm in the presence of a buffer layer. The ZnO-based homostructural p-n junctions comprising a n-ZnO:In layer on a p-ZnO:(In,N) layer on a buffer layer display apparent electrical rectification in the authors’ repeated measurements.
Further studies on the cyclization of aromatic azomethines ortho-substituted with a trifluoromethyl group: synthesis of 2,4-di- or 2,3,4-trisubstituted quinolines (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFurther studies on the cyclization of aromatic azomethines ortho-substituted with a trifluoromethyl group: synthesis of 2,4-di- or 2,3,4-trisubstituted quinolinesLucjan Strekowski, Steven E. Patterson, Lubomir Janda, Roman L. Wydra, Donald B. Harden, Malgorzata Lipowska, and Marek T. CeglaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 1, 196–201Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00027a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00027a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views413Altmetric-Citations49LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts