gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An overview of ring formation in lime kilns (1991)

Mud rings, mid-kiln rings, and front-end rings form at different locations in the lime kiln. High sulfur in the fuel, unstable operation, and poor flame performance are a few of the causes.
Ouabain Pharmacokinetics in Dog and Man (1972)

The pharmacokinetics of the relatively polar and rapidly acting cardiac glycoside ouabain (G-strophanthin) were studied in dogs and human subjects by the use of a newly devised radioimmunoassay technic. This method had high specificity and a sensitivity of less than 0.1 ng of ouabain per ml of plasma or urine. After administration of a single intravenous dose, the plasma ouabain concentration fell rapidly in both dogs and humans. After 7 hours, a phase of exponential decline was reached which had a half-life of 18 hours in dogs and 21 hours in normal human subjects. Repeated intravenous administration of ouabain to human subjects for 9 consecutive days resulted in the establishment of a plateau of plasma concentration and urinary excretion after 4-5 days, confirming plasma and urinary half-lives in the 19-24-hour range. The mean ratio of renal clearance of ouabain to that of creatinine was 0.81 in the human subjects. The plasma half-life of ouabain determined in these studies is in good agreement with previous observations of the half-life of dissipation of positive inotropy and of slowing of ventricular response to atrial fibrillation after ouabain administration.
Results of treatment of malignant tumors with ftorafur (1972)

Ftorafur, an active tumor drug, is less toxic than 5-fluorouracil and was most effective in cancer of the breast and cancer of the large bowel.
Synthesis and antitumor activity of new amphiphilic alkylglycerolipids substituted with a polar head group, 2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)ethyl or a congeneric oligo(ethyleneoxy)ethyl group. (1989)

A new series of amphiphilic 1-octadecyl glycerolipids (eleven compounds, 1a-k) were designed and synthesized, in which the 3-phosphocholine portion of platelet-activating factor (1-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, PAF) was replaced by the 2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)ethyl group and congeneric groups having oligo(ethyleneoxy)ethyl bridges of various lengths at position 3, together with modification at position 2 (lower alkyl, acetonyl, acetoacetyl, carboxymethyl and pyrimidin-2-yl groups). These ether lipids, characterized by a nonphosphorus lysoglycerolipid structure, showed potent antitumor activity in vitro (human promyelocytic leukemia cells, HL-60, and human epidermoid carcinoma cells, KB) and in vivo (mouse sarcoma S180 and mouse mammary carcinoma MM46). Maximal in vitro potency was obtained with 1-O-octadecyl-2-O-(2-pyrimidinyl)-3-O-[2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy )ethyl] glycerol (1g; IC50 values for both HL-60 and KB were 0.32 microgram/ml, indicating a higher activity than alkyl-lysophospholipid, ET18-OMe). Several appropriately 2-substituted 1-octadecylglycerolipids with the 3-[2-(2-trimethylammonioethoxy)ethyl] group (e.g., methyl, 1b; butyl, 1f; 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1j; and acetonyl, 1k) showed a potent life-span-prolonging effect on mice with ascites sarcoma S180 and on those with mammary carcinoma MM46, when administered intraperitoneally at 16.5 and 12.5 mg/kg/d, respectively. Compounds 1b and 1k showed definite tumor growth inhibition against solid sarcoma S180 in mice, whether given p.o. or i.v. at 16.5 mg/kg/d. Studies on the structure-activity relationships indicate that the metabolic stability to phospholipase C or related enzymes is at least partly responsible for the potent antitumor activity of this series of ether lipids.
Formation of Bis(methylthio)(methylsulfinyl)methane in the Reaction of Methyl (Methylthio)methyl Sulfoxide with Sodium Hydride (1978)

Abstract Treatment of methyl (methylthio)methyl sulfoxide (1) with sodium hydride gave bis(methylthio)(methylsulfinyl)methane (3) which might be formed by abnormal attack of the carbanion (2) of 1 on the sulfide linkage of 1. The additon of butyl iodide to this system completely suppressed the formation of 3, showing that 2 reacts faster with butyl iodide than with 1. The mechanism to account for these phenomena is discussed.
Microdiagnostics for the Standard Computer MLP-900 Processor (1971)

This note describes the microdiagnostic approach being used on the Standard Computer MLP-900 processor. This machine is microprogrammable and designed for general-purpose emulation, simulation, and interpretation. As a consequence it has a number of features that make it unusually well suited for the application of microdiagnostics. These include a READ-WRITE control memory, one clock microinstructions, a general-purpose microinstruction repertoire, almost complete microprogram access to the hardware, and the ability to specify test operands as immediate values. These features plus the highly encoded form of microprogramming used greatly facilitate the design and programming of component-oriented test programs. This results in a microdiagnostic which is very compact, has a very short execution time, and requires a relatively short development time. Other advantages include a relatively low hardcore, very thorough testing, and high fault resolution.
High-Strength Stainless Steel by Deformation at Low Temperatures (1965)

A series of nickel-chromium stainless alloys made by air and vacuum melting were rolled 20 or 40 per cent at temperatures ranging from —320 to 400 F. Smooth and sharp-notched sheet-tensile properties were measured after heat treating the cold-rolled pieces for 24 hr at 800 F. Yield strengths up to 260 ksi were obtained. Hardening resulted primarily from martensite formation, and also from work hardening of the austenite prior to transformation. The yield strengths were correlated in terms of composition. Lowering the silicon content to 0.1 per cent significantly raised the toughness. Over the ranges studied none of the remaining elements had effects comparable to silicon. The toughness at a given strength level also depended upon the rolling conditions, but not upon the per cent martensite. Tests at −320 F with a low-silicon alloy showed a notch-tensile ratio of 1.0 at 297 ksi ultimate tensile strength. The results suggest that a low-silicon 301-type composition would have good cryogenic properties.
Identification of Copy Number Abnormalities and Inactivating Mutations in Two Negative Regulators of Nuclear Factor-κB Signaling Pathways in Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia (2009)

Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a distinct clinicobiological entity defined as a B-cell neoplasm characterized by a lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in bone marrow (BM) and IgM paraprotein production. Cytogenetic analyses were historically limited by difficulty in obtaining tumor metaphases, and the genetic basis of the disease remains poorly defined. Here, we performed a comprehensive analysis in 42 WM patients by using a high-resolution, array-based comparative genomic hybridization approach to unravel the genetic mechanisms associated with WM pathogenesis. Overall, 83% of cases have chromosomal abnormalities, with a median of three abnormalities per patient. Gain of 6p was the second most common abnormality (17%), and its presence was always concomitant with 6q loss. A minimal deleted region, including MIRN15A and MIRN16-1, was delineated on 13q14 in 10% of patients. Of interest, we reported biallelic deletions and/or inactivating mutations with uniparental disomy in tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor-associated factor 3 and TNFalpha-induced protein 3, two negative regulators of the nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signaling pathway. Furthermore, we confirmed the association between TRAF3 inactivation and increased transcriptional activity of NF-kappaB target genes. Mutational activation of the NF-kappaB pathway, which is normally activated by ligand receptor interactions within the BM microenvironment, highlights its biological importance, and suggests a therapeutic role for inhibitors of NF-kappaB pathway activation in the treatment of WM.
Advanced Wind Turbine Controllers Attenuate Loads when Upwind Velocity Measurements are Inputs (2006)

Sophisticated control algorithms for wind turbines provide means of increasing energy capture and mitigating extreme and fatigue loads. By including wind speed measurements upwind of the rotor, these control algorithms can include a feed-forward loop that anticipates the wind turbine response. Continuous-wave, monostatic, coherent lidar provides the capability of obtaining such measurements. Simulations show that a lidar device mounted on the turbine hub, aligned with a turbine blade, and rotating with the rotor produces a linear vertical shear measurement. The inclusion of this measurement in a disturbance accommodating controller (DAC) reduces blade flap damage equivalent loads when compared to a DAC that requires blade tip flap deflection measurements.
Degradation of Uric Acid by Certain Aerobic Bacteria (1968)

We have isolated and identified nine cultures of aerobic bacteria capable of growing on an elective medium containing uric acid as the only source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. Four of these cultures were identified as Aerobacter aerogenes, two as Klebsiella pneumoniae, and the remainder as Serratia killiensis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus species. Another culture identified as P. fluorescens required both glucose and uric acid for growth. When 23 laboratory stock cultures were inoculated into the uric acid medium, A. aerogenes, B. subtilis, Mycobacterium phlei, P. aeruginosa, and S. marcescens were able to grow. These five cultures also grew when the uric acid was replaced with adenine, guanine, hypoxanthine, xanthine, or allantoin, but growth was poor. In all of these media, including the uric acid medium, addition of glucose along with the nitrogenous compounds yielded good growth. Induction experiments demonstrated that the ability of A. aerogenes, K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, P. fluorescens, S. kiliensis, S. marcescens, B. subtilis, and Bacillus sp. to degrade uric acid is an induced property. Of these organisms, only Bacillus sp. accumulated a small amount of intracellular uric acid.
Equine lutropin and chorionic gonadotropin bear oligosaccharides terminating with SO4-4-GalNAc and Sia alpha 2,3Gal, respectively. (1993)

Equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG) and lutropin (eLH) are heterodimeric glycoprotein hormones which are synthesized in the placenta and pituitary, respectively. The beta subunits of eCG and eLH, like their alpha subunits, arise from a single gene and have identical amino acid sequences. In contrast, the beta subunits of CG and LH in primates arise from different genes and differ in sequence. We have examined the structures of the Asn-linked oligosaccharides on eCG and eLH. eCG bears di- and tri-branched Asn-linked oligosaccharides terminating with Sia alpha 2,3 or 6Gal beta 1,4GlcNAc. In contrast, > 72% of the Asn-linked oligosaccharides on eLH have 1 or 2 branches terminating with the sequence SO4-4-GalNAc beta 1,4GlcNAc. The nonsulfated oligosaccharides on eLH are neutral (6% of the total) or have branches terminating with sialic acid-Gal (22% of the total). Since the alpha and beta subunits of eCG and eLH both contain the tripeptide motif, Pro-Xaa-Arg/Lys, recognized by the glycoprotein hormone-specific GalNAc-transferase found in pituitary, expression of the GalNAc- and sulfotransferases must differ in the placenta and pituitary. eLH, but not eCG, is bound by the hepatic endothelial cell receptor specific for the sequence SO4-4-GalNAc beta 1,4GlcNAc. As a result, eLH is removed from the circulation 5.7-fold more rapidly than eCG and is selectively localized to the liver. Since the major structural difference between eCG and eLH is in the terminal glycosylation of their Asn-linked oligosaccharides and this has a major impact on circulatory half-life, it is likely that the difference in circulatory half-life defines the functional difference between eCG and eLH.
A Data-Centric Internet of Things Framework Based on Azure Cloud (2019)

Internet of Things (IoT) has been found pervasive use cases and become a driving force to constitute a digital society. The ultimate goal of IoT is data and the intelligence generated from data. With the progress in public cloud computing technologies, more and more data can be stored, processed and analyzed in cloud to release the power of IoT. However, due to the heterogeneity of hardware and communication protocols in the IoT world, the interoperability and compatibility among different link layer protocols, sub-systems, and back-end services have become a significant challenge to IoT practices. This challenge cannot be addressed by public cloud suppliers since their efforts are mainly put into software and platform services but can hardly be extended to end devices. In this paper, we propose a data-centric IoT framework that incorporates three promising protocols with fundamental security schemes, i.e., WiFi, Thread, and LoRaWAN, to cater to massive IoT and broadband IoT use cases in local, personal, and wide area networks. By taking advantages of the Azure cloud infrastructure, the framework features a unified device management model and data model to conquer the interoperability challenge. We also provide implementation and a case study to validate the framework for practical applications.
Three cases of congenital adrenal hypoplasia: A cause of salt‐wasting and mortality in the neonatal period (1991)

Three infants with congenital adrenal hypoplasia are described. The two surviving infants were detected and successfully treated in the neonatal period due to a suggestive family history (Case 1) and antenatal maternal oestriol screening (Case 2). The modes of inheritance, diverse clinical presentation, associated conditions, diagnostic work-up and pathology of congenital adrenal hypoplasia in these three infants is discussed.
Application of Data Compression to the MIL-STD-1553 Data Bus (2008)

This paper examines multiple data compression algorithms that improve the effective bandwidth of systems using the MIL-STD-1553 data bus. The algorithms are evaluated using data captured from F/A-18 C/D aircraft flights and simulations. Compression ratios of 5 to 1 and greater are achieved using algorithms that are suitable for implementation on legacy processors. It is demonstrated that the time required to compress and decompress the data can be more than offset by the savings in data transmission time. System implementation issues and the effects of data transmission errors are also discussed.
Behavioral modeling of a SONET/SDH transceiver using HDLA (2002)

In order to reduce the number of design iteration for complex mixed signal telecommunication IC's, verification through full chip simulation is a must. The objective is to verify connectivity and functionality for the whole chip including the interface between analog and digital blocks. Efficient top level simulation required the use of a mixed mode (Analog and Digital) simulator. In addition, in order to accomplish this task, behavioral models of all the system building blocks of the design were developed and used to replace the transistor level sub-circuit description. The design sub-blocks were modeled in HDLA.
An automated assessment and reporting tool for introductory Java programs (2011)

This paper presents a graph-based grading system for Java introductory programming courses, eGrader. The assessment process undergoes two stages in succession. Namely, dynamically and statically. This analysis leads to producing detailed feedback reports to both students and instructors. The student report provides a detailed feedback on the submitted code with a total mark break down. In addition to showing the model solution, specific comments on syntax and semantic errors (if any) are provided. On the other hand, the automated class report is a comprehensive document that provides detailed analysis on all students' submissions. The success of eGrader is measured by four performance measures which are sensitivity (97.37%), specificity (98.1%), precision (98.04%) and accuracy (97.07%).
Truth (1950)

Truth Get access J. L. Austin, J. L. Austin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar P. F. Strawson, P. F. Strawson Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar D. R. Cousin D. R. Cousin Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Aristotelian Society Supplementary Volume, Volume 24, Issue 1, 9 July 1950, Pages 111–172, https://doi.org/10.1093/aristoteliansupp/24.1.111 Published: 30 July 2015
ATP and MO25α Regulate the Conformational State of the STRADα Pseudokinase and Activation of the LKB1 Tumour Suppressor (2009)

Pseudokinases lack essential residues for kinase activity, yet are emerging as important regulators of signal transduction networks. The pseudokinase STRAD activates the LKB1 tumour suppressor by forming a heterotrimeric complex with LKB1 and the scaffolding protein MO25. Here, we describe the structure of STRADalpha in complex with MO25alpha. The structure reveals an intricate web of interactions between STRADalpha and MO25alpha involving the alphaC-helix of STRADalpha, reminiscent of the mechanism by which CDK2 interacts with cyclin A. Surprisingly, STRADalpha binds ATP and displays a closed conformation and an ordered activation loop, typical of active protein kinases. Inactivity is accounted for by nonconservative substitution of almost all essential catalytic residues. We demonstrate that binding of ATP enhances the affinity of STRADalpha for MO25alpha, and conversely, binding of MO25alpha promotes interaction of STRADalpha with ATP. Mutagenesis studies reveal that association of STRADalpha with either ATP or MO25alpha is essential for LKB1 activation. We conclude that ATP and MO25alpha cooperate to maintain STRADalpha in an "active" closed conformation required for LKB1 activation. It has recently been demonstrated that a mutation in human STRADalpha that truncates a C-terminal region of the pseudokinase domain leads to the polyhydramnios, megalencephaly, symptomatic epilepsy (PMSE) syndrome. We demonstrate this mutation destabilizes STRADalpha and prevents association with LKB1. In summary, our findings describe one of the first structures of a genuinely inactive pseudokinase. The ability of STRADalpha to activate LKB1 is dependent on a closed "active" conformation, aided by ATP and MO25alpha binding. Thus, the function of STRADalpha is mediated through an active kinase conformation rather than kinase activity. It is possible that other pseudokinases exert their function through nucleotide binding and active conformations.
Regulation of ATP-binding Cassette Sterol Transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 by the Liver X Receptors α and β (2002)

Mutations in the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCG5 and ABCG8 have recently been shown to cause the autosomal recessive disorder sitosterolemia. Here we demonstrate that the ABCG5 and ABCG8 genes are direct targets of the oxysterol receptors liver X receptor (LXR) alpha and LXRbeta. Diets containing high cholesterol markedly increased the expression of ABCG5/G8 mRNA in mouse liver and intestine. This increase was also observed using synthetic ligands of LXR and its heterodimeric partner, the retinoid X receptor. In situ hybridization analyses of tissues from LXR agonist-treated mice revealed that ABCG5/G8 mRNA is located in hepatocytes and enterocytes and is increased upon LXR activation. In addition, expression of the LXR target gene ABCA1, previously implicated in the control of cholesterol absorption, was also dramatically up-regulated in jejunal enterocytes upon exposure to LXR agonists. These changes in ABC transporter gene expression were not observed in mice lacking LXRs. Furthermore, in the rat hepatoma cell line FTO2B, LXR-dependent transcription of the ABCG5/G8 genes was cycloheximide-resistant, indicating that these genes are directly regulated by LXRs. The addition of ABCG5 and ABCG8 to the growing list of LXR target genes further supports the notion that LXRs serve as sterol sensors to coordinately regulate sterol catabolism, storage, efflux, and elimination.
Flexible modulation for digital terrestrial broadcasting (2006)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) is a multicarrier scheme transmitting low bit-rates through many subchannels as opposed to wideband techniques which send high data rates through a single channel. A novel technique is proposed that matches the signal-to-noise ratio characteristics of OFDM but which has a higher degree of flexibility and lower complexity for use in digital television.
인슐린 저항성과 암 발생 (2005)

비만과 당뇨병이 암 발생의 위험 요인이라는 주장이 제기되고 있다. 비만이 암의 위험 요인이라는 보고는 한국인의 가장 흔한 사망 원인 질환인 암과 심혈관 질환이 공통적으로 비만과 관련되어 있다는 측면에서 더욱 중요하게 생각된다. 대사증후군의 주요 병리 기전으로 생각되는 인슐린 저항성 (Insulin resistance)도 암 발생과 관련되어 있는 것으로...
The Brain of Opera Singers: Experience-Dependent Changes in Functional Activation (2009)

Several studies have shown that motor-skill training over extended time periods results in reorganization of neural networks and changes in brain morphology. Yet, little is known about training-induced adaptive changes in the vocal system, which is largely subserved by intrinsic reflex mechanisms. We investigated highly accomplished opera singers, conservatory level vocal students, and laymen during overt singing of an Italian aria in a neuroimaging experiment. We provide the first evidence that the training of vocal skills is accompanied by increased functional activation of bilateral primary somatosensory cortex representing articulators and larynx. Opera singers showed additional activation in right primary sensorimotor cortex. Further training-related activation comprised the inferior parietal lobe and bilateral dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. At the subcortical level, expert singers showed increased activation in the basal ganglia, the thalamus, and the cerebellum. A regression analysis of functional activation with accumulated singing practice confirmed that vocal skills training correlates with increased activity of a cortical network for enhanced kinesthetic motor control and sensorimotor guidance together with increased involvement of implicit motor memory areas at the subcortical and cerebellar level. Our findings may have ramifications for both voice rehabilitation and deliberate practice of other implicit motor skills that require interoception.