gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tectonic evolution of Tethyan tectonic field, formation of Northern Margin basin and explorative perspective of natural gas in Tarim Basin (2002)

Analyzing the characteristics of the Tethyantectonic field, the authors think that the Tethyan tectonicfield underwent three evolutional stages: closing of Pa-leo-Tethys and rifting of Neo-Tethys from early Permian tolate Triassic, subduction of Neo-Tethys and collision betweenthe Indian plate and the Eurasia plate from Jurassic to earlyof low Tertiary, and collision between the Arab plate and theEurasia plate and the A-type subduction of Indian plate fromlate of low Tertiary to the present. Combining the evolutionof the Tethyan orogenic belt with the characteristics of theNorthern Margin basin, it is suggested that the sedimentaryand tectonic characteristics and types of the Northern Mar-gin basin are controlled by the formation and evolution ofthe Tethyan orogenic belt and the ingression of Tethys. Theevolution of Northern Margin basin can be divided into threedevelopment stages: back-arc foreland basin from late Per-mian to Triassic, the back-arc fault subsidence and depres-sion from Jurassic to the early of low Tertiary, and the reac-tive foreland basin from the late of low Tertiary to the pre-sent. The Northern Margin basin in the Tethyan tectonicfield is an important region for natural gas accumulation,and the Tarim Basin is a part of this region.
Electron-transfer processes: oxidation of α- and β-alkenylbenzenes by peroxydisulphate in acetic acid (1983)

Oxidation of α- and β-unsaturated alkylbenzenes by peroxydisulphate in acetic acid gives side-chain acetoxylation with formation of the corresponding glycol diacetates and compounds (10), respectively. The reaction is catalysed by transition-metal salts, among which cupric acetate gives the best results. Generally, electron-releasing substituents on the benzene ring increase the yield and improve the selectivity. The same substrates are oxidized in water under Ag+ catalysis to the corresponding aldehydes. The different behaviour in the two solvents is ascribed to the difference in reactivity between the primary oxidation products and the starting olefin, whereas the initial oxidation step is suggested to occur in both cases via an electron-transfer process from the olefin to the sulphate radical anion.
A Unified Model for Predicting Flowing Temperature Distribution in Wellbores and Pipelines (1992)

Summary This paper presents a general and unified equation for flowing temperature prediction that is applicable for the entire range of inclination angles. The equation degenerates into Ramey's equations for ideal gas or incompressible liquid and into the Coulter and Bardon equation, with the appropriate assumptions. This work also proposes an approximate method for calculating the Joule-Thomson coefficient for black-oil models.
Transthoracic defibrillation with chopping-modulated biphasic waveforms (2001)

The superiority of different biphasic pulses for transthoracic defibrillation was proven by several studies. These efficient waveforms were implemented in some commercially available defibrillators. Recently we have devised and evaluated a biphasic waveform with a specially balanced ratio of the first-to-second phase voltages and with 5 kHz frequency 1:1 on-off chopping. It used less than half the energy for successful defibrillation in comparison with the 'classic' monophasic damped sinusoidal wave and showed considerably less post-shock negative effects. This experience led us to try several laws of chopping modulation. A pulse-width modulation, combining low energy with gradual upslope of the modelled transmembrane potential, proved to have better performance than the standard damped sinusoid wave and the non-chopped biphasic truncated exponential pulse. This waveform was tested in a series of animal experiments in comparison with other modulated pulses, with the non-modulated waveform and the standard damped sinusoid wave. The experiments demonstrated the superiority of the modulated waveform, assessed by combining the parameters of threshold defibrillation energy and of post-shock disturbances reduction.
Combined interventional and surgical treatment for acute aortic type a dissection (2008)

For patients with aortic type A dissection, combining intervention and surgical procedures is feasible, and complete or at least partial thrombosis of the false lumen in the descending aorta can be achieved. This combined approach simplified the surgical procedures and shortened the circulatory arrest time, minimizing the necessity for further aortic operation.
Probing the N-Terminal β-Sheet Conversion in the Crystal Structure of the Human Prion Protein Bound to a Nanobody (2013)

Prions are fatal neurodegenerative transmissible agents causing several incurable illnesses in humans and animals. Prion diseases are caused by the structural conversion of the cellular prion protein, PrP(C), into its misfolded oligomeric form, known as prion or PrP(Sc). The canonical human PrP(C) (HuPrP) fold features an unstructured N-terminal part (residues 23-124) and a well-defined C-terminal globular domain (residues 125-231). Compelling evidence indicates that an evolutionary N-terminal conserved motif AGAAAAGA (residues 113-120) plays an important role in the conversion to PrP(Sc). The intrinsic flexibility of the N-terminal has hampered efforts to obtain detailed atomic information on the structural features of this palindromic region. In this study, we crystallized the full-length HuPrP in complex with a nanobody (Nb484) that inhibits prion propagation. In the complex, the prion protein is unstructured from residue 23 to 116. The palindromic motif adopts a stable and fully extended configuration to form a three-stranded antiparallel β-sheet with the β1 and β2 strands, demonstrating that the full-length HuPrP(C) can adopt a more elaborate β0-β1-α1-β2-α2-α3 structural organization than the canonical β1-α1-β2-α2-α3 prion-like fold. From this structure, it appears that the palindromic motif mediates β-enrichment in the PrP(C) monomer as one of the early events in the conversion of PrP(C) into PrP(Sc).
A New Perspective on the Relationship Between House Prices and Income (2008)

The views expressed in this paper are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the
High-efficiency and fast-switching field-induced tunable phase grating using polymer-stabilized in-plane switching liquid crystals with vertical alignment (2016)

We demonstrate a high-efficiency and fast-switching phase grating based upon a polymer-stabilized liquid crystal device driven by in-plane switching electric field. Periodical modulation in field-induced refractive index profile is realized in the in-plane switching liquid crystal (LC) cells with vertical alignment, and voltage-dependent diffraction patterns are obtained. The diffraction efficiency of the LC phase grating is varied by voltage applied to the interdigitated electrodes, and the first-order diffraction efficiency of the device achieves 28.5% at 6.25 V μm−1. The dynamic response is improved by surface polymer stabilization. This device has potential advantages of versatile design and ease of fabrication.
[Evaluation of a new preservation solution for hypothermic heart transplant]. (2000)

It was found that the composition of the respective solutions had a major effect on the the quality of myocardial preservation. Compared to the other solutions tested in this study, the NS solution was found to be optimal for the preservation of isolated hypothermic rat hearts.
Inpainting surface holes (2004)

An algorithm for filling-in surface holes is introduced in this paper. The basic idea is to represent the surface of interest in implicit form, and fill-in the holes with a system of geometric partial differential equations derived from image inpainting algorithms. The framework and examples with synthetic and real data are presented.
Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing for Homeland Security (2007)

Abstract : The need to protect our borders and critical infrastructure, such as pipelines, power distribution, and transportation, has grown in importance over the last few years. To address this need, fiber optic sensing technology developed in the Optical Sciences Division at NRL for antisubmarine warfare applications has recently been adapted to homeland security applications. Ground-based seismic sensing applications have significantly different requirements than traditional underwater acoustic applications. As a result, new optical interrogation and signal processing techniques are needed. Border and critical infrastructure sensor systems must be able to monitor long lengths (several km to several 10's of km) with reasonable spatial resolution (5 to 100 m), and have sufficient seismic sensitivity to detect targets of interest. We have developed and recently field-tested a fiber optic distributed seismic sensor system capable of meeting these requirements and report on some initial observations below.
The Oncogenic EWS-FLI1 Protein Binds In Vivo GGAA Microsatellite Sequences with Potential Transcriptional Activation Function (2009)

The fusion between EWS and ETS family members is a key oncogenic event in Ewing tumors and important EWS-FLI1 target genes have been identified. However, until now, the search for EWS-FLI1 targets has been limited to promoter regions and no genome-wide comprehensive analysis of in vivo EWS-FLI1 binding sites has been undertaken. Using a ChIP-Seq approach to investigate EWS-FLI1-bound DNA sequences in two Ewing cell lines, we show that this chimeric transcription factor preferentially binds two types of sequences including consensus ETS motifs and microsatellite sequences. Most bound sites are found outside promoter regions. Microsatellites containing more than 9 GGAA repeats are very significantly enriched in EWS-FLI1 immunoprecipitates. Moreover, in reporter gene experiments, the transcription activation is highly dependent upon the number of repeats that are included in the construct. Importantly, in vivo EWS-FLI1-bound microsatellites are significantly associated with EWS-FLI1-driven gene activation. Put together, these results point out the likely contribution of microsatellite elements to long-distance transcription regulation and to oncogenesis.
Control of α-Alumina Surface Charge with Carboxylic Acids (2009)

In this work, we studied the surface charge of alpha-alumina treated with carboxylic acids with different carbon chain length. The results show the possibility of controlling surface charges of alumina by using different concentrations of carboxylic acids or changing the size of the carbon chain of the acids. We also report that part of the acid found on the surface is strongly bound, therefore making it possible to obtain pH-resistant samples of alpha-alumina with an isoelectric point (IEP) of 5.5. It is found, that IEP values obtained for modified samples have a linear correlation with the number of carbon atoms of dicarboxylic acids for up to five carbon atoms. From a practical perspective, the method presented in this work has many advantages. First, it maintains the same hydrophilicity of the alumina surface. Second, the modification of the surface is stable in a long-range of pH. Finally, the presented method is easy-to-use and cheap, as the modification consists of only two simple steps carried out at low temperatures with inexpensive and nontoxic reagents.
Loss and dispersion analysis of microstructured fibers by finite-difference method (2004)

The dispersion and loss in microstructured fibers are studied using a full-vectorial compact-2D finite-difference method in frequency-domain. This method solves a standard eigen-value problem from the Maxwell's equations directly and obtains complex propagation constants of the modes using anisotropic perfectly matched layers. A dielectric constant averaging technique using Ampere's law across the curved media interface is presented. Both the real and the imaginary parts of the complex propagation constant can be obtained with a high accuracy and fast convergence. Material loss, dispersion and spurious modes are also discussed.
Stripping and Cleaning of High-Dose Ion-Implanted Photoresists Using a Single-Wafer, Single-Chamber Dry/Wet Hybrid System (2009)

Stripping high-dose ion-implanted (HDI) photoresists is considered as one of the most challengeable processes in the semiconductor manufacturing due to the difficulty of both removing crust (or carbonized layer) formed during the ion implantation and preventing the silicon recess after subsequent cleaning. The HDI photoresists are conventionally removed by using a two-step process, low-pressure plasma ashing in a single-wafer tool followed by SPM-based wet stripping in a batch immersion tool. Alternative HDI-resist strip methods have been proposed, such as a combination of physical-force pretreatments followed by more traditional wet cleaning steps [1], a SPM-based all-wet process at extremely high temperature (≥ 200°C) [2], and supercritical CO2 combined with chemical additive formulations [3].
Size-Specific Catalytic Activity of Polymer-Stabilized Gold Nanoclusters for Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation in Water (2005)

Gold nanoclusters (phi = 1.3 nm) stabilized by poly(N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone) (Au:PVP NCs) readily oxidize benzylic alcohols to the corresponding aldehydes and/or carboxylic acids under ambient temperature in water. Kinetic measurement revealed that smaller Au:PVP NCs exhibit higher catalytic activity than larger (9.5 nm) homologues and, more surprisingly, than Pd:PVP NCs of comparable size (1.5 and 2.2 nm). On the basis of the marked difference in the kinetic isotope effect and activation energy between Au:PVP and Pd:PVP NCs, a reaction mechanism for alcohol oxidation catalyzed by Au:PVP NCs is proposed in which a superoxo-like molecular oxygen species adsorbed on the surface of the small Au NCs abstracts a hydrogen atom from the alkoxide.
Optimum traction force distribution for stability improvement of 4WD EV in critical driving condition (2006)

This paper is concerned with integrated yaw stability control strategy for 4WD EV driven by in-wheel motors. The strategy consists of double control loops. One is the upper control loop, which uses 2-DOF control method to specify control effectors which are required for keeping EV yaw stability. The other is the lower control loop, which is used to determine control inputs for four driving motors by optimum traction force distribution method. This distribution method is implemented by redundancy control. The simulation results indicate that handling stability of this 4WD EV is improved by proposed strategy, especially when the EV drives in critical conditions
Late Output Pulses from Fast Photomultipliers (1972)

Fast photomultipliers operating in the single-photoelectron limit exhibit a bimodal time distribution of output pulses; typically, 0.01 of output pulses occur several nanoseconds later than the most probable time. Correlation techniques can be used to characterize photomultiplier time response, and results are given for some commonly used tubes. Late pulse probability is a function of some tube parameters, but even when it is minimized, the effects of late pulses are significant in uses of single-photon counting such as the study of macromolecule fluorescence decay.
EDITORIAL (1991)

Cerontological Education: Meeting the Challenge Deirdre Jones and Victor Minichiello
Experimental validation of image contrast correlation between ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering and grating-based dark-field imaging using a laser-driven compact X-ray source (2012)

Abstract X-ray phase and dark-field contrast have recently been the source of much attention in the field of X-ray imaging, as they both contribute new imaging signals based on physical principles that differ from conventional X-ray imaging. With a so-called Talbot grating interferometer, both phase-contrast and dark-field images are obtained simultaneously with the conventional attenuation-based X-ray image, providing three complementary image modalities that are intrinsically registered. Whereas the physical contrast mechanisms behind attenuation and phase contrast are well understood, a formalism to describe the dark-field signal is still in progress. In this article, we report on correlative experimental results obtained with a grating interferometer and with small-angle X-ray scattering. Furthermore, we use a proposed model to quantitatively describe the results, which could be of great importance for future clinical and biomedical applications of grating-based X-ray imaging.
Identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in cultures from tonsillo-pharyngeal specimens by means of a slide co-agglutination test (Phadebact Gonococcus Test). (1976)

A slide co-agglutination test (Phadebact Gonococcus Test) for the serological identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae was assessed on gonococcal-like, oxidase positive colonies from 120 cultures, originating from about 6,500 consecutive tonsillo-pharyngeal specimens received at the Neisseria Department, Statens Seruminstitut. The test was performed after subculture on a serum-free medium, since this procedure was found to reduce the number of strains showing inconclusive reactions (pseudo co-agglutination). If this pseudo co-agglutination does occur, however, the test can be repeated with the addition of trypsin to the test system. This causes the previously inconclusive reactions to be reverted to clearly positive reactions in the case of gonococci, and to clearly negative reactions in more than half of the previously inconclusive reactions with other bacterial strains. The results obtained by the Phadebact Gonococcus Test were compared with those obtained by bacteriological identification procedures. Fifty-six of the 120 cultures examined contained gonococci, and all strains were identified by the slide co-agglutination test (five strains with the addition of trypsin). The remaining 64 cultures were negative or exhibited consistently pseudo co-agglutination (eight strains). The specificity and sensitivity of the reagent was further confirmed by the examination of 53 strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae and 50 strains representing Neisseria species commonly occurring in tonsillo-pharyngeal specimens. The Phadebact Gonococcus Test was considered to be a reliable alternative to routine bacteriological identification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae.
Magnetic Bearings at Draper Laboratory (1996)

Magnetic bearings, unlike traditional mechanical bearings, consist of a series of components mated together to form a stabilized system. The correct design of the actuator and sensor will provide a cost effective device with low power requirements. The proper choice of a control system utilizes the variables necessary to control the system in an efficient manner. The specific application will determine the optimum design of the magnetic bearing system including the touch down bearing. Draper for the past 30 years has been a leader in all these fields. This paper summarizes the results carried out at Draper in the field of magnetic bearing development. A 3-D radial magnetic bearing is detailed in this paper. Data obtained from recently completed projects using this design are included. One project was a high radial load (1000 pound) application. The second was a high speed (35,000 rpm), low loss flywheel application. The development of a low loss axial magnetic bearing is also included in this paper.
Using 3D Audio Guidance to Locate Indoor Static Objects (2006)

Is 3D audio an interesting technology for displaying navigational information in an indoor environment? This study found no significant differences between map- and 3D audio navigation. The user tasks tested involved finding objects in a real office environment. In order to conduct the study, a custom-made 3D audio system was built based on a public-domain HRTF-library to playback 3D sound beacons through a pair of earphones. Our results indicate that 3D audio is indeed a qualified candidate for navigation systems, and may be especially suitable for environments or individuals where vision is obstructed, insufficient, or unavailable. The study also suggests that special cues should be added to the pure spatial information to emphasize important information.
Detailed FD-TD analysis of electromagnetic fields penetrating narrow slots and lapped joints in thick conducting screens (1988)

The physics of electromagnetic-wave transmission through narrow slots and tapped joints in thick conducting screens is examined in detail by applying numerical models to compute both field distributions within the slots and joints, and fields transmitted to the shadow region. The primary modeling tool is the finite-difference time-domain (FD-TD) method, using a Faraday's-law contour integral approach to modify the basic FD-TD algorithm to properly model the slot physics, even when the slot gap width is much less than one space lattice cell. Finely sampled method-of-moments (MM) models are used to validate the FD-TD tool for relatively simple straight slots; FD-TD is then used to explore properties of more complicated lapped joints which are widely used for shielding purposes at junctions of metal surfaces. It is found that previously reported slot resonances occur in a more general sense for lapped joints as path-length resonances. In addition to greatly enhanced power transmission, path-length resonances can result in total fields within the joint exceeding the incident fields by more than one order of magnitude. Sample field distributions for this case are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Stability of Nitroblue Tetrazolium-based Alkaline Phosphatase Substrates (2001)

This report demonstrates the stability of NBT substrate after multiple exposures to alkaline phosphatase. Perhaps more important than the ability to reuse substrates, the report provides some insight into the mechanisms by which tetrazoliums are reduced and evidence for the formation of an intermediary product, i.e., a half-formazan that is reduced more rapidly. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:1189-1190, 2001)
Monte Carlo tests for associations between disease and alleles at highly polymorphic loci (1995)

In an association analysis comparing cases and controls with respect to allele frequencies at a highly polymorphic locus, a potential problem is that the conventional chi-squared test may not be valid for a large, sparse contingency table. However, reliance on statistics with known asymptotic distribution is now unnecessary, as Monte Carlo simulations can be performed to estimate the significance level of any test statistic. We have implemented a Monte Carlo method for four 'chi-squared' test statistics, three of which involved combination of alleles, and evaluated their performance on a real data set. Combining rare alleles to avoid small expected cell counts, and considering each allele in turn against the rest, reduced the power to detect a genuine association when the number of alleles was very large. We should either not combine alleles at all, or combine them in such a way that preserves the evidence for an association.
Search-coil head-thrust and caloric tests in Ménière's disease (2005)

Twenty subjects (52.6%) showed abnormal results on one or both tests. Pathologic UW was present in 16 subjects (42.1%). During HTTs, 11 subjects (28.9%) showed pathologic GA. Seven subjects (18.4%) showed abnormal results on both tests. A significant correlation was found between UW and GA. However, pathologic GA during HTTs in subjects with unilateral MD was less frequent and the values smaller than those published for vestibular neuritis patients. Two subjects with unilateral MD had 100% UW, but none had >30% asymmetry on HTTs.