gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
X-ray repair cross-complementing gene I protein plays an important role in camptothecin resistance. (2002)

X-ray repair cross-complementing gene I protein (XRCC1) in complex with DNA polymerase beta, DNA ligase III, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase is important in the base excision repair process. Previously, we isolated camptothecin (CPT)-resistant cell lines (KB100 and KB300) from the human epidermoid carcinoma cell line KB by exposure to CPT. From these CPT-resistant cell lines, their revertants (KB100(rev) and KB300(rev)), which lost most of their CPT-resistant phenotype during passage in the absence of CPT, were established. In this study, we found the expression levels of XRCC1 protein in KB100 and KB300 were > or =5-fold more than in their respective revertant cell lines, whereas there was no difference in the expression of XRCC1-associated proteins such as DNA polymerase beta, DNA ligase III, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease. The degree of CPT resistance was relatively correlated with the XRCC1 protein amount. We also found XRCC1 gene amplification in CPT-resistant KB100 and KB300 cell lines. To confirm a correlation between overexpression of XRCC1 and CPT resistance, we transfected the XRCC1 gene into KB100(rev) and obtained two different transfected cell lines (clones 14 and 16). The expression levels of XRCC1 in the transfected cell lines were higher than in KB100(rev) but lower than in KB100 with no difference in XRCC1-associated protein expression levels. Resistance to CPT in transfected cell lines was 2-2.5-fold higher than in KB100(rev) in regard to growth inhibition and 4-fold higher with respect to clonogenicity. Transfected cell lines also showed increased resistance to other topoisomerase I poisons. However, the cytotoxicity of VP-16 and cisplatin was similar in both the transfected cells and KB100(rev). Similar to our CPT-resistant cell lines, the resistance of transfected cell lines was reversed by treatment with 3-aminobenzamide. These results indicate that CPT resistance in our cells could be partly attributable to the overexpression of XRCC1.
The effect of mutant <i>beta</i> 2-microglobulins on the conformation of HLA-B27 detected by antibody and by CTL. (1994)

The arthritis-predisposing HLA-B27 consists of a heavy chain, a small peptide, and the monomorphic beta 2-microglobulin (beta 2-m). CTLs and a mAb, Ye-2, which recognize the complex with specificities both for the heavy chain and for the peptide, are available. The beta 2-m is in noncovalent association with the heavy chain at multiple points and is exchangeable with free beta 2-m outside of the complex. The purpose of our experiments was to test whether mutant beta 2-m capable of modulating HLA-B27 activity could be created. Eighteen recombinant mutants of the human beta 2-m were experimentally generated. In 14 of these, mutations were at or near residues that are either contact residues or interface residues with the heavy chain. Relative to the parent beta 2-m, two-thirds of the mutants showed reduced ability to exchange into HLA-B27 complexes. However, at least four of them induced more than 80% decrease in Ye-2 Ab reactivity. Two mutants were able to induce a minor decrease in susceptibility to lysis by four CTL clones. One of the CTL clones was autoreactive. Two of the CTL clones were specific for HLA-B27 cells experimentally infected with arthritis-causing Yersinia enterocolitica. These results indicate that certain beta 2-m residues play an indirect role in peptide presentation, although they are not directly associated with the peptide residues.
The average impulse response of a rough surface and its applications (1977)

This paper is concerned with the theoretical model for short pulse scattering from a statistically random planar surface with particular application to current state of the art radar altimetry, A short review of the assumptions inherent in the convolational model is presented. Simplified expressions are obtained for both the impulse response and the average backscattered power for near normal incidence under the assumptions common to satellite radar altimetry systems. In particular, it is shown that the conventional two-dimensional surface integration can be reduced to a closed form solution. Two applications of these results are presented relative to radar altimetry, namely, radar antenna pointing angle determination and altitude bias correction for pointing angle and surface roughness effects. It is also shown that these results have direct application to the analysis of the two frequency system proposed by Weissman, and a possible combined long pulse altimeter and two frequency system is suggested.
Statistical Description of Microstructures (2002)

▪ Abstract We review progress made in quantitatively ascertaining the various statistical correlation functions that are fundamental to determining the material properties of specific classes of disordered materials. Topics covered include the definitions of the correlation functions, a unified theoretical means of representing and computing the different statistical descriptors, structural characterization from two-dimensional and three-dimensional images of materials, scalar order metrics and particle packings, and reconstruction techniques.
Revision Total Knee Arthroplasty (1982)

Revision total knee arthroplasty can be very successful if careful preoperative planning has been carried out and the surgeon is equipped to handle potential problems encountered with restoration of static alignment, stability, and deficient bone stock. Special femoral and tibial component extractors are indispensable tools. A high-speed burr is helpful. Posterior cruciate ligament-preserving prostheses often can be used, but prostheses with extra degrees of constraint must be available. Long-stemmed components for both the femoral and tibial sides should be available. Access to a bone bank to obtain allogeneic bone for grafting is essential. The surgeon must be familiar with techniques other than bone grafting for restoration of deficient stock, such as the use of bone screws and cement, custom-augmented components, and metal wedge spacers.
Changes in the structure and function of the human thrombin receptor during receptor activation, internalization, and recycling. (1994)

According to current models, human thrombin receptors are activated when thrombin cleaves the receptor's N terminus, exposing the tethered ligand domain, SFLLRN. In the megakaryoblastic CHRF-288 cell line, thrombin receptor activation is followed by the rapid internalization of > 90% of the receptors. In the present studies, antibodies directed at the site of cleavage by thrombin were used to examine changes in receptor structure during activation, internalization, and recovery. As would be expected, the initial rate of receptor cleavage was directly related to the thrombin concentration. However, even after prolonged incubation, receptor cleavage was incomplete until the thrombin concentration exceeded the receptor concentration. Only cleaved receptors were internalized in response to thrombin and only catalytically active thrombin and active variants of SFLLRN-containing peptides caused receptor internalization. Over a 3-h period following receptor activation by thrombin, there was a gradual recovery of approximately one-quarter of the receptors on the cell surface. These receptors were detectable with antibodies directed at retained portions of the receptor N terminus, but not with antibodies directed at the proposed site of cleavage, confirming that they are recycled, rather than new, receptors. At 4 degrees C two-thirds of the receptors cleaved by thrombin were retained on the cell surface. Like recycled receptors these "cold-cleaved" receptors failed to self-activate when warmed to 37 degrees C, but could be activated by SFLLRN. Unlike recycled receptors, however, the cold-cleaved receptors were also internalized and appeared to be activated by a second addition of thrombin. These results 1) provide strong evidence at the protein level that thrombin cleaves its receptors at the predicted site, 2) show that receptor activation is necessary for internalization, 3) suggest that each thrombin molecule may not activate large numbers of receptors, 4) demonstrate that a substantial fraction of internalized thrombin receptors can be recycled, and 5) suggest that the failure of recycled receptors to be reactivated by thrombin may involve a change in the receptor that does not occur at 4 degrees C. Finally, the inability of cold-cleaved receptors to self activate in the absence of thrombin, suggests that in addition to cleaving the receptor, thrombin may also play an important role in guiding the tethered ligand domain to regions on the remainder of the receptor that mediate activation.
Stem cells in regenerative medicine: introduction (2011)

Based on unsubstantial claims fueled by media, patients are frequently seeking advice about the risks and prospects of specific therapeutic regimes from their physicians. Reports in specialized journals written in a scientific vocabulary are difficult to evaluate for many primary-care physicians. Hence, physicians are reluctant to provide advice or endorse treatment options for cell-based therapies. AREAS TIMELY FOR FURTHER DEVELOPMENT: We wish to fill the gap and offer physicians suitable guidance. By giving a comprehensive overview of different types of stem cells and their potential in a simple language, here we are introducing a series of articles written by world-renowned experts on regenerative medicine about the current status and prospects of the field from the point of view of the standard level of patient safety and efficacy for the healthcare industry.
Predicting protein function from structure: Unique structural features of proteases (2000)

We have noted consistent structural similarities among unrelated proteases. In comparison with other proteins of similar size, proteases have smaller than average surface areas, smaller radii of gyration, and higher C α densities. These findings imply that proteases are, as a group, more tightly packed than other proteins. There are also notable differences in secondary structure content between these two groups of proteins: proteases have fewer helices and more loops. We speculate that both high packing density and low α-helical content coevolved in proteases to avoid autolysis. By using the structural parameters that seem to show some separation between proteases and nonproteases, a neural network has been trained to predict protease function with over 86% accuracy. Moreover, it is possible to identify proteases whose folds were not represented during training. Similar structural analyses may be useful for identifying other classes of proteins and may be of great utility for categorizing the flood of structures soon to flow from structural genomics initiatives.
Simplified Approach to Identification of Aerobic Actinomycetes by Thin-Layer Chromatography (1974)

A system has been developed for the identification of aerobic actinomycetes in the clinical laboratory based on analysis of whole cells for diaminopimelic acid and carbohydrates and on the ability of the organism to decompose casein, tyrosine, and xanthine media. The whole-cell analyses were performed by a simple thin-layer chromatographic procedure that is described. Eighteen reference cultures were correctly identified and, subsequently, 35 isolates from clinical material were grouped by using this system. The method is well suited for use in routine clinical laboratories.
Fast barrier synchronization hardware (2002)

A special-purpose hardware scheme uniquely tailored to barrier synchronization is presented. It allows barrier synchronization to be performed within a single instruction cycle for moderately sized systems, and is scalable with logarithmic increase in synchronization time. It supports a large number of concurrent barriers, and can also be used to support a number of different barrier synchronization schemes. The hardware is relatively simple and inexpensive. Simulation results have shown that, under reasonable assumptions, it can decrease typical parallel-loop execution time significantly, especially for fine-grained and statically scheduled loops.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The virulence-enhancing factor of mucins. 4. The role of particulate insoluble matter and a viscous medium in virulence enhancement, with a revised assay of the third factor involved (1951)

In Part 3 (Smith, 1951) of this series a virulence- enhancing fraction of hog gastric mucin was sep- arated from the insoluble particulate residue. This residue had an adjuvant action on the enhancement ofthe virulence by the activefactor comparable with that already demonstrated (Smith, 1950b) for the viscosity of the original mucin. However, using a biological assay involving a medium of constant viscosity for injection, no residue was obtained com- pletelyfree from virulence-enhancing activity, even after autoclaving and washing with hot water. The suggestion was made, therefore, that a viscous medium, together with the particulate residue, could impede the host defence mechanisms by themselves, quite apart from their probable action in delaying the absorption by the host of the active factor. This suggestion is supported by the work of Olitzki & Koch (1945), who reported the adjuvant action of kaolin, fuller's earth, Norit A and talcum on the small virulence-enhancing activity of 0-3 % agar for
Palladium‐Catalyzed Enantioselective Allylic Phosphination (2008)

A new cat. for chiral phosphines: A highly enantioselective allylic phosphination reaction is realized using the Pd–Josiphos(L) catalyst system. This CP bond forming reaction provides a new access to chiral phosphines (see scheme) that may be further functionalized. Cy=cyclohexyl, dba=trans,trans-dibenzylideneacetone. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z801287_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Transforming the Balanced Scorecard from Performance Measurement to Strategic Management: Part II (2001)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share MailTo Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Robert S. Kaplan, David P. Norton; Transforming the Balanced Scorecard from Performance Measurement to Strategic Management: Part II. Accounting Horizons 1 June 2001; 15 (2): 147–160. doi: https://doi.org/10.2308/acch.2001.15.2.147 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest Search
Matched frequency-hopping (MFH) signals for slowly fading dispersive channels (1998)

The design of channel-matched frequency-hopping (MFH) spread-spectrum signals that overcome the performance degradation caused by the channel dispersion is described. In MFH systems, the used frequency slots are selected such as to correspond to maximum transmission through the communication channel. This is affected by adapting the MFH signals so that the probability density function (PDF) of hopped frequencies matches the transfer function of the communication channel. The performance of MFH signals in multipath slowly fading dispersive channels is evaluated, using a generalized bandpass two-path transfer function model. The performance is compared with that of frequency-hopping (FH) signals with uniformly distributed frequencies for different scenarios of channel parameters. The results clearly show the advantages of MFH transmission.
Effect of Superacidic Side Chain Structures on High Conductivity Aromatic Polymer Fuel Cell Membranes (2015)

Proton-conducting superacidic polymer membranes with different fluoroalkyl sulfonate pendants attached to aromatic polymer backbones were synthesized via C–H functionalization and Suzuki coupling reactions. Variation in the chemical structures of the pendant acidic sulfonate moieties and their effects on membrane properties including water uptake, ion exchange capacity, morphology, and proton conductivity were systemically investigated. Membranes containing the short −OCF2SO3H pendant (PSU-S5) showed a smaller hydrophilic domain size and lower proton conductivity than those containing the longer pendants −OCF2CF2SO3H (PSU-S1) and −SCF2CF2SO3H (PSU-S4), likely due to the short chain’s less favorable aggregation and lower acidity. Polymer electrolyte membranes with unique branched fluoroalkyl sulfonate pendants (PSU-S6) gave larger ionic domain sizes, more uniform hydrophilic channels, and higher proton conductivity than samples with analogous linear pendant chains (PSU-S1), indicating that branched sulfonate structures may be a key future direction in the field of fuel cell membrane.
Lymphocyte-conditioned medium protects human monocyte-macrophages from cholesteryl ester accumulation. (1982)

Exposure of human monocyte-macrophages to as little as 50 microliters of cultured medium from lymphocytes stimulated by concanavalin A (Con A) resulted in a dramatic decrease in the activities of the low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor pathway, the LDL-dextran sulfate pathway, and the scavenger receptor pathway. This effect was not seen when the monocyte-macrophages were exposed to culture medium from lymphocytes cultured without Con A or with Con A together with alpha-methyl mannoside or control medium without lymphocytes. The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methyglutaryl-coenzyme A reductase also decreased in monocyte-macrophages exposed to culture medium from stimulated lymphocytes. Acyl-CoA:cholesterol O-acyltransferase activity, protein synthesis, protein content, phagocytosis of heat-killed yeast, and non-receptor-mediated endocytosis were not inhibited. Monocyte-macrophages exposed to malondialdehyde altered-LDL in the presence of stimulated lymphocyte culture medium accumulated substantially less cholesteryl esters than did cells in control medium. We propose that substances produced by stimulated lymphocytes may be useful in protecting macrophages from cholesteryl ester accumulation.
Chloroplast gene sequence data suggest a single origin of the predisposition for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in angiosperms. (1995)

Of the approximately 380 families of angiosperms, representatives of only 10 are known to form symbiotic associations with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in root nodules. The morphologically based classification schemes proposed by taxonomists suggest that many of these 10 families of plants are only distantly related, engendering the hypothesis that the capacity to fix nitrogen evolved independently several, if not many, times. This has in turn influenced attitudes toward the likelihood of transferring genes responsible for symbiotic nitrogen fixation to crop species lacking this ability. Phylogenetic analysis of DNA sequences for the chloroplast gene rbcL indicates, however, that representatives of all 10 families with nitrogen-fixing symbioses occur together, with several families lacking this association, in a single clade. This study therefore indicates that only one lineage of closely related taxa achieved the underlying genetic architecture necessary for symbiotic nitrogen fixation in root nodules.
Effects of thawing, refreezing and storage conditions of tissue samples and protein extracts on 2‐DE spot intensity (2010)

We report that reliable quantitative proteome analyses can be performed with tissue samples stored at -80 degrees C for up to 10 years. However, storing protein extracts at 4 degrees C for 24 h and freezing protein extracts at -80 degrees C and thawing them significantly altered 41.6 and 17.5% of all spot intensities on 2-DE gels, respectively. Fortunately, these storing effects did not impair the reliability of quantifying 2-DE experiments. Nonetheless, the results show that freezing and storage conditions should be carefully controlled in proteomic experiments.
Acute hepatic allograft rejection: Incidence, risk factors, and impact on outcome † (1998)

Hepatic allograft rejection remains an important problem following liver transplantation, and, indeed, complications related to the administration of immunosuppressive therapy remain a predominant cause of posttransplantation morbidity and mortality. The Liver Transplantation Database (LTD) was used to study a cohort of 762 consecutive adult liver transplantation recipients and determined the incidence, timing, and risk factors for acute rejection. We also evaluated the impact of histological severity of rejection on the need for additional immunosuppressive therapy and on patient and graft survival. Four hundred ninety (64%) of the 762 adult liver transplantation recipients developed at least one episode of rejection during a median follow-up period of 1,042 days (range, 336-1,896 days), most of which occurred during the first 6 weeks after transplantation. Multivariate analysis revealed that recipient age, serum creatinine, aspartate transaminase (AST) level, presence of edema, donor/recipient HLA-DR mismatch, cold ischemic time, and donor age were independently associated with the time to acute rejection. An interesting observation was that the histological severity of rejection was an important prognosticator: the use of antilymphocyte preparations was higher, and the time to death or retransplantation was shorter, for patients with severe rejection. Findings from this study will assist in decision-making for the use of immunosuppressive regimens and call into question whether complete elimination of all rejection or alloreactivity is a desirable goal in liver transplantation.
Fingerprinting relational databases: schemes and specialties (2005)

In this paper, we present a technique for fingerprinting relational data by extending Agrawal et al.'s watermarking scheme. The primary new capability provided by our scheme is that, under reasonable assumptions, it can embed and detect arbitrary bit-string marks in relations. This capability, which is not provided by prior techniques, permits our scheme to be used as a fingerprinting scheme. We then present quantitative models of the robustness properties of our scheme. These models demonstrate that fingerprints embedded by our scheme are detectable and robust against a wide variety of attacks including collusion attacks.
Electrical Conductivity of the KF-NaF-AlF3 Molten System at Low Cryolite Ratio (2008)

Abstract not Available.
Analysing binary associations (1996)

This paper describes how binary associations in databases of items can be organised and clustered. Two similarity measures are presented that can be used to generate a weighted graph of associations. Each measure focuses on different kinds of regularities in the database. By calculating a Minimum Spanning Tree on the graph of associations, the most significant associations can be discovered and easily visualised, allowing easy understanding of existing relations. By deleting the least interesting associations from the computed tree, the attributes can be clustered.