gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent serum assay specific for the 7S domain of Collagen Type IV (P4NP 7S): A marker related to the extracellular matrix remodeling during liver fibrogenesis (2012)

This newly developed serum assay specific for P4NP 7S was highly related to liver fibrosis and correlated to extent of hepatic fibrosis. This assay may improve fibrosis quantification.
Development and first results of a new mesoporous microelectrode DO-sensor (2002)

A new dissolved oxygen (DO) sensor for marine application was developed and first tests in the field were carried out. The sensor uses a mesoporous microelectrode as the sensing element that has an inherently fast response and an increased resistivity to bio-fouling due to the properties of the electrode material, mesoporous platinum. Introduction of a cleaning cycle, where the potential applied to the electrode is altered, allows the elimination of material build up at the electrode surface as well as the reconditioning of the electrode-surface, thus minimising drift and the effect of bio-fouling. Mesoporous microdisc electrodes ranging between 10 and 50 /spl mu/m diameter have been tested. The sensor has been adapted to operate on a CTD system. Results of two test cruises are presented, showing that although the general sensor performance is good further work has to be done to exploit the inherently fast response of the microelectrodes.
Reliable method for the synthesis of aryl β-<scp>D</scp>-glucopyranosides, using boron trifluoride–diethyl ether as catalyst (1996)

Stereospecific formation of aryl 2,3,4,6-tetra-O-acetyl-β-D-glucopyranosides was achieved by reaction of penta-O-acetyl-β-D-glucose 1 with substituted phenols in the presence of boron trifluoride. Yields of the purified products varied from 52–85%. Benzyl alcohol could also be glucosylated using similar conditions. All products were purified by crystallization from ethanol. The purity and the anomeric configuration of the products were determined by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy, melting points and optical rotation.
Hyalinization of Seminiferous Tubules and Clumping of Leydig Cells. Notes on Treatment of the Clinical Syndrome with Testosterone Propionate, Methyl Testosterone and Testosterone Pellets12 (1945)

FIFTEEN of the cases described in the companion papers (1 and 2) were available for treatment. Therapy was deemed advisable for some because of their eunuchoidism, for others because of their climacteric symptoms but for most because of their lack of vigor and subnormal muscular strength. Those with marked gynecomastia, but with otherwise fairly normal development, were given androgenic therapy in order to gauge its effect upon the excessive breast development. Therapy consisted of daily injections of testosterone propionate5 given intramuscularly 5 times weekly to 14 of the 15 subjects. Methyl testosterone was administered sublingually in the form of specially compressed tablets or in the form of a liquid (dissolved in propylene glycol) in several instances. Implantation of 6 to 8 free testosterone pellets, weighing 75 mg. each, was undertaken in 5 Cases. In four instances determinations of the gonadotrophic excretion before, during and after therapy were made.
Modeling of the Nonlinear Response of an Electrodynamic Loudspeaker by a Volterra Series Expansion (1987)

Modelisation des distorsions non lineaires a basse frequence de la reponse d'un haut-parleur electrodynamique
Solid-Phase Catalysis:  A Biomimetic Approach toward Ligands on Dendritic Arms to Explore Recyclable Hydroformylation Reactions (2001)

Peer reviewed: Yes
Nonlinear MPC with emission control for a real-world off-highway diesel engine (2017)

This contribution demonstrates the practical realizability of a tailored real-time nonlinear model predictive control (MPC) scheme for off-highway diesel engines. Besides controlling the torque and emissions, the MPC accounts for inequality constraints such as the maximum cylinder pressure by means of an augmented Lagrangian formulation. In addition, the heat-up of the exhaust gas aftertreatment system, e.g. for the regeneration of a diesel particulate filter, is facilitated with a warm-start strategy that enables the smooth activation of the inequality constraints. Experimental results from a testbench of the off-highway diesel engine within a wide operation range demonstrate the efficiency of the control scheme.
Increased E-Cadherin Expression in Ovarian Surface Epithelium (1997)

Ovarian surface epithelium (OSE), the source of common epithelial carcinomas, is a simple mesothelium that during carcinogenesis acquires complex epithelial characteristics normally found in tubal, endometrial, and endocervical epithelia. These characteristics include the intercellular adhesive molecule E-cadherin. We examined cryostat sections of 12 normal ovaries by immunofluorescence and immunocytochemistry to determine whether E-cadherin is a component of normal OSE that is retained in ovarian cancers or whether it, like many other epithelial characteristics, is acquired in the course of metaplasia and neoplastic progression. E-cadherin expression by OSE varied with its location within the ovary and with cell shape. It was present inconsistently on the ovarian surface but was increased in surface invaginations and particularly in epithelial inclusion cysts. Independent of location, E-cadherin was most prominent in columnar, variable in cuboidal, and absent in flat OSE. This relationship to cell morphology accounts for the increased E-cadherin expression in inclusion cysts, which are sites of frequent metaplastic and dysplastic changes. These results suggest that the morphologic variation of OSE reflects differences in E-cadherin-mediated intercellular adhesion. Thus, the appearance of this adhesion molecule in columnar OSE may represent an early step in the increased commitment to epithelial phenotypes that accompanies metaplasia and neoplastic progression of OSE.
PRECLINICAL LIPID PROFILE STUDIES OF AN AYURVEDIC PREPARATION â??SARAGUNA BALIJARITA MAKARADHVAJAâ? USED AS ANTIPYRETIC (2016)

Saraguna Balijarita Makaradhvaja (SBM) is an Ayurvedic preparation used in traditional medicine as an antipyretic in the rural population. We were eager to know the effect of chronic administration of SBM on the lipid profile test. To find out the effect of chronic administration of SBM on the lipid profile, it was administered chronically to the male Sprague-Dawley rats at a dose of 400 mg/Kg. After 28 days of chronic administration of the SBM preparation, the following effects on the lipid profile were noted. There was a statistical significant increase in LDL and Non-HDL Cholesterol (p=0.01). A very highly significant (p=0.001) decrease was noticed in HDL-C level; thus leading to a statistically very highly significant (p=0.001) increase in Cardiac Risk Ratio (CRR) (TC/HDL-C), Castelli’s Risk Index-II (CRI-II) (HDL C/LDL-C) and Atherogenic Coefficient (AC) [(TC/HDLC)/ HDL-C)]. No significant change was found in case of TG, TC, VLDL and Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP) (log (TG/HDL-C)).
Some remarks on finite element modeling of electromigration in solder joints (2010)

This paper investigates several issues in finite element modeling of electromigration in solder joints: current density and thermal stress singularities; negative divergences of atomic fluxes due to electron current and thermal stresses; and submodeling accuracy. A copper post wafer level package is used as a test vehicle for simulation. Coupled electrical-, thermal-, and mechanical finite element modeling is performed. Results show that the values of maximum current density in solder balls significantly depend on finite element mesh sizes, indicating a singularity exists. Negative values of the divergences of atomic fluxes due to electron current and thermal stresses are obtained under certain loading conditions. Submodeling presents accurate results if cut boundary is appropriately chosen.
Characterization of pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A: comparison with alpha 2-macroglobulin. (1990)

Pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A), like alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha 2M), is a large protein with homotetrameric molecular conformation. Each monomer has Mr 205 kDa. Total carbohydrate content of PAPP-A (19.4%) exceeded that of alpha 2M (8.6%). In addition to glucose (9.4%), fucose (3.1%), mannose (2.3%) and galactose (0.8%), PAPP-A contained glucuronic acid (3.8%). The amino acid composition of PAPP-A differed most significantly from alpha 2M, in the content of glutamate, glycine and lysine. Although the peptide core of both proteins were of similar size, the difference in size, of native molecules was due to the carbohydrate moiety. Whereas alpha 2M monomer was autolytically cleaved into two smaller non-identical subunits (Mr 128 and 65 kDa), no such breakdown products were observed with PAPP-A. Unlike alpha 2M, PAPP-A is not a broad spectrum protease inhibitor. Both proteins inhibited human granulocyte elastase (HGE) in a dose dependent relationship, with PAPP-A (Ki 0.2 x 10(-6) M) being a more potent inhibitor than alpha 2M (Ki 1.02 x 10(-6) M). Since PAPP-A lacked internal thiolester groups, the mechanism of HGE inhibition was unlikely to be entrapment, as defined for alpha 2M. Inhibition kinetics of HGE for PAPP-A (noncompetitive inhibitor) and alpha 2M (uncompetitive inhibitor) were distinct. Thus, these findings do not support the tenet of a common ancestral protein for PAPP-A and alpha 2M.
Normalized discriminant analysis with application to a hybrid speaker-verification system (2002)

A modified linear discriminant analysis technique for speaker verification, referred to as normalized discriminant analysis (NDA), is presented. Using this technique it is possible to design an efficient linear classifier with very limited training data and to generate normalized discriminant scores with comparable magnitudes for different classifiers. The NDA technique is applied to a classifier for speaker verification based on speaker specific information obtained when utterances are processed with speaker independent models. In experiments conducted on a network based telephone database, the NDA technique provides an equal-error rate of 6.13% while the classifier using Fisher linear discriminant analysis has an equal-error rate of 18.18%. Furthermore, when the NDA combined with HMM approach in a hybrid speaker verification system, the rate was reduced from 5.30% (HMM with cohort normalization) to 4.32%.
Enhanced resolution for long electrode ERT (2012)

The resolution of the long electrode electrical resistivity tomography method is investigated through the comparison of arrays. The investigations included a synthetic model study and a pilot-scale field experiment, in which data from the 2-pole and 4-pole arrays were used to reconstruct known targets through inverse modelling. The results confirmed that the 2-pole array maps conductive targets with low lateral resolution and no vertical resolution. The 4-pole array performs extremely well or extremely poorly depending on the specific subset of data used in the inversion modelling. The worst performance was observed from using a randomized 4-pole subset. In this case, the reconstructed target was offset from the known location. The best performance came from evaluating the comprehensive data set comprising all possible 4-pole combinations and choosing favourable subsets that minimized outliers in transfer resistance, geometric factor, data error and apparent resistivity. These favourable 4-pole subsets were capable of resolving both conductive and resistive targets with higher fidelity than the 2-pole array. Unfortunately, it may not be possible to acquire the comprehensive 4-pole data set, especially for a large number of electrodes. A viable alternative is to acquire the comprehensive 2-pole data set and calculate any desired 4-pole subset using superposition. In this way, the geophysicist will also have full advantage of signal strength and shorter measurement cycle that accompanies the 2-pole array.
Using Carbon Tetrachloride for Carbon Doping Al<sub>X</sub>Ga<sub>1-X</sub>As Grown by Metalorganic Chemical Vapor Deposition (1995)

Carbon doped Al X Ga 1- X As was grown by metal organic chemical vapor deposition, using liquid carbon tetrachloride ( CCl 4 ) as a p-type dopant, in the aluminum content range of 0 to 1 and growth temperature range 600 to 750° C. By using the diluting line for CCl 4 a remarkably wide range of carrier concentration was obtained at 700° C: the third order range of 1×10 16 to 2×10 19 cm -3 for GaAs, and the second order range of 1×10 17 to 5×10 19 cm -3 for Al X Ga 1- X As ( X ≤0.3). This indicates that carbon is a promising dopant for optoelectronic devices, such as lasers and detectors, that have a relatively high aluminum content and are grown at a higher growth temperature.
<title>Quantum dot solar cells</title> (2001)

The idea of the quantum dot solar cell, which provides a novel direction to the high-efficiency solar cell problem, is developed. A theoretical model is presented for a practical p-i-n quantum dot solar cell built on the base of the self-organized InAs/GaAs system. Study the advantages of the use of quantum dots in active region for photon absorption in the long-wavelength part of spectrum and increase in the efficiency of the conversion of solar energy in electrical power is carried out. Problems of theory and experiment of low-dimensional solar cells (quantum well and quantum dot solar cells) are discussed.
340 Information Hiding in Finite State Machine (2008)

Abstract. In this paper, we consider how to hide information into finite state machine (FSM), one of the popular computation models. The key advantage of hiding information in FSM is that the hidden information becomes inexpensive to retrieve, yet still hard to remove or delete. This is due to the fact that verifying certain FSM properties is easy, but changing them requires efforts equivalent to redoing all the design and implementation stages after FSM synthesis. We first observe that not all the FSM specifications (or transitions) are needed during the state minimization phase. We then develop a Boolean Satisfiability (SAT) based algorithm to discover, for a given minimized FSM, a maximal set of redundant specifications. Manipulating such redundancy enables us to hide information into the FSM without changing the given minimized FSM. Moreover, when the original FSM does not possess sufficient redundancy to accommodate the information to be embedded, we propose a state duplication technique to introduce additional redundancy. We analyze these methods in terms of correctness, capacity of hiding data, overhead, and robustness against possible attacks. We take sequential circuit design benchmarks, which adopt the FSM model, as the simulation testbed to demonstrate the strength of the proposed information hiding techniques. 1
A versatile spatio-temporal correlation function for mobile fading channels with non-isotropic scattering (2002)

For the analysis and design of adaptive antenna arrays in mobile fading channels, we need a model for the spatio-temporal correlation among the array elements. In this paper we propose a general spatio-temporal correlation function, where non-isotropic scattering is modeled by von Mises distribution, an empirically-verified model for non-uniformly distributed angle of arrival. The proposed correlation function has a closed form and is suitable for both mathematical analysis and numerical calculations. The utility of the new correlation function has been demonstrated by quantifying the effect of non-isotropic scattering on the performance of two applications of the antenna arrays for multiuser multichannel detection and single-user diversity reception. Comparison of the proposed correlation model with published data in the literature shows the flexibility of the model in fitting real data.
Implementation of true continuous bed motion in 2-D and 3-D whole-body PET scanning (2001)

True continuous axial bed motion has been implemented on a high-resolution positron emission tomography (PET) scanner for use in both two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) acquisition modes. This has been accomplished by modifications in the bed motion controller firmware and by acquiring data in list mode. The new bed controller firmware was shown to provide an accurate and constant bed speed down to 0.25 mm/s with a moderate patient weight load. The constant bed motion eliminates previously reported dead-time due to bed positioning when using small discrete bed steps. The continuous bed motion was tested on uniform phantoms, in 2-D and 3-D. As a result of the continuous axial motion, a uniform axial sensitivity is achieved. This was also reflected in the reconstructed images, which showed an improvement in axial image uniformity (1.4% for continuous sampling, 5.0% for discrete) as well as an improvement in %SD uniformity in comparison to conventional step-and-shoot acquisitions. The use of the continuous axial motion also provide slight improvements in 2-D emission and transmission scanning, resulting in an overall improved image quality in whole-body PET.
Arsenic Counteracts Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Restriction by Various TRIM5 Orthologues in a Cell Type-Dependent Manner (2006)

Arsenic trioxide (As(2)O(3)) increased human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infectivity when particular Homo sapiens and Cercopithecus aethiops cell lines were used as targets. Knockdown of human TRIM5alpha by RNA interference eliminated the As(2)O(3) effect, demonstrating that the drug acts by modulating the activity of this retroviral restriction factor. In contrast, HIV-1 infectivity in target cell lines from other primate species (Cercopithecus tantalus, Macaca mulatta, and Aotus trivirgatus) was not increased by As(2)O(3), despite the potent TRIM5-dependent HIV-1 restriction activity that these cells exhibit. To determine if As(2)O(3) responsiveness is characteristic of particular TRIM5 orthologues and not others, TRIM5 cDNAs from these five primate species were transduced into cat fibroblasts, which lack endogenous HIV-1 restriction activity and, therefore, responsiveness to As(2)O(3). In this context, the HIV-1 restriction activity conferred by all TRIM5 orthologues was largely eliminated by As(2)O(3). The effect of As(2)O(3) on HIV-1 restriction is thus shared by different TRIM5 orthologues but dependent on factors specific to the cell line in which TRIM5 is expressed.
Stable free radicals. Part I. A new principle governing the stability of organic free radicals (1974)

The concept of merostabilisation, the stabilisation of free radicals by simultaneous conjugation with electron donor and acceptor groups, is developed by valence bond, MO, and Linnett double quartet theories. The concept is used to rationalise the stabilities of known radicals, and to predict those of new ones, some of which have been synthesised.
The Human Connectome: A Structural Description of the Human Brain (2005)

The connection matrix of the human brain (the human "connectome") represents an indispensable foundation for basic and applied neurobiological research. However, the network of anatomical connections linking the neuronal elements of the human brain is still largely unknown. While some databases or collations of large-scale anatomical connection patterns exist for other mammalian species, there is currently no connection matrix of the human brain, nor is there a coordinated research effort to collect, archive, and disseminate this important information. We propose a research strategy to achieve this goal, and discuss its potential impact.
Boron and aluminum implantation in α-SiC (1994)

In this letter, we report the comparison of experimental implantation profiles in 6Hα-silicon carbide (SiC) with the theoretical results obtained using the widely used trim profile simulator. Our results for the projected range of Al and B implanted into this material agree well with those predicted by trim, in contrast to previously published results. Profiles for 40–250 keV Al and B implantation, off-crystal axis to minimize channeling in SiC, are obtained using secondary ion mass spectroscopy. The Pearson I and VI theoretical profiles, constructed using the first four moments of the distribution generated by the trim simulator, are then compared to the experimental ones.
Hydrothermalsynthesen von Zeolithen mit Methoden der kombinatorischen Chemie (1998)

100 Festkörperreaktionen gleichzeitig lassen sich in einem neuartigen Autoklavenblock durchführen und zur kombinatorischen Hydrothermalsynthese von Zeolithen nutzen. Die Funktionstüchtigkeit dieses Autoklaven wurde durch erneute Untersuchung des von Breck erschlossenen Na2O-Al2O3-SiO2-Phasensystems in einem einzigen Experiment nachgewiesen (Bild rechts, die schraffierten Bereiche links geben Bereiche kristalliner und einer amorphen Phase an).
Optical switching of Y-hydride thin film electrodes: a remarkable electrochromic phenomenon. (1996)

The optical appearance of yttrium thin film electrodes can be electrochemically switched from mirrorlike to highly transparent by making use of the hydride-forming properties of Y. A strong alkaline solution is a suitable electrolytic environment for obtaining stable electrochromic electrodes. The presence of a thin Pd layer covering the Y electrode is essential in providing a sufficiently high electrocatalytic activity for the electrochemical charge-transfer reaction. Hydrogen is irreversibly bound in Y-dihydride and reversibly bound in Y-trihydride. The optical changes are reversible and are induced within a narrow hydrogen concentration range, making this typical electrode material interesting for application in a new type of electrochromic devices.
COMPUTER-ASSISTED EYE EXAMINATIONS IV. “ADDITIVE” LENS SYSTEMS IN EYE REFRACTORS (1975)

After a brief introduction to the optical principles and terms, formulas are derived which demonstrate that with conventional methods and designs it is not possible to summate with accuracy the labeled power of three or more ophthalmic lenses in tandem. The effective power of sphero-cylindrical combinations in all currently available eye refractors, when powers of eight to ten diopters are exceeded, may differ from the summated labeled power by a quarter diopter or more, which can be clinically significant. This error can be directly and readily eliminated only in computer-actuated refractors by including a computer program which calculates the effective power and makes the necessary correction.
Comparison of expression of the msx-1, msx-2, BMP-2 and BMP-4 genes in the mouse upper diastemal and molar tooth primordia. (1995)

The existence of transient putative tooth anlagen in the prospective mouse upper diastema region has been documented previously in morphological studies. By in situ hybridization we investigated the expression patterns of the msx-1, msx-2, BMP-2 and BMP-4 genes, supposed to regulate early tooth development, in day 10-14 mouse embryonic upper diastema and molar regions, using 49 series of frontal sections. On the basis of comparison of the temporo-spatial expression patterns in both diastemal and molar tooth primordia we conclude that each of the four genes was expressed at least for some period simultaneously and at a comparable developmental stage in the transient and persisting dental primordia. BMP-2 and BMP-4 expression was downregulated in the diastemal dental primordia during their regression starting at day 13. The temporo-spatial pattern of BMPs expression may be associated with the disappearance of diastemal rudiments. Contrary to the molar anlage, we did not detect msx-2 gene expression in the diastemal dental rudiments after the stage of epithelial thickening. The deficiency of the msx-2 gene products may play a role in the growth retardation of diastemal dental primordia resulting in their subsequent involution.