gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nanoparticle-Mediated Cytoplasmic Delivery of Proteins To Target Cellular Machinery (2010)

Despite recent advances in nanomaterial-based delivery systems, their applicability as carriers of cargo, especially proteins for targeting cellular components and manipulating cell function, is not well-understood. Herein, we demonstrate the ability of hydrophobic silica nanoparticles to deliver proteins, including enzymes and antibodies, to a diverse set of mammalian cells, including human cancer cells and rat stem cells, while preserving the activity of the biomolecule post-delivery. Specifically, we have explored the delivery and cytosolic activity of hydrophobically functionalized silica nanoparticle-protein conjugates in a human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) and rat neural stem cells (NSCs) and elucidated the mechanism of cytosolic transport. Importantly, the proteins were delivered to the cytosol without extended entrapment in the endosomes, which facilitated the retention of biological activity of the delivered proteins. As a result, delivery of ribonuclease A (RNase A) and the antibody to phospho-Akt (pAkt) resulted in the initiation of cell death. Delivery of control protein conjugates (e.g., those containing green fluorescent protein or goat antirabbit IgG) resulted in minimal cell death, indicating that the carrier-mediated toxicity was low. The results presented here provide insight into the design of nanomaterials as protein carriers that enable control of cell function.
A single-chip 900-MHz spread-spectrum wireless transceiver in 1-μm CMOS. I. Architecture and transmitter design (1998)

A single-chip transceiver for frequency-hopped code division multiple access (CDMA) in the 900 MHz industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) band is implemented in 1-/spl mu/m CMOS. It combines a digital frequency synthesizer, a double quadrature upconverter, an integrated oscillator, and a power amplifier with variable output. Data modulates a carrier hopping at 20 kHz with quaternary frequency-shift keying (4-FSK). At an output power level of +3 dBm, the harmonics and spurious tones lie at -52 dBc or below. When active, the transmitter drains 100 mA from 3 V.
Study of Acid Catalyzed Reactions of Proton Pump Inhibitors at D.M.E. (2007)

Acid catalyzed reactions of three proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), namely omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole, have been investigated and monitored by direct current polarography at dropping mercury electrode (D.M.E) in phosphate buffer (0.1 M) of pH 3-7.5. This gives well defined current-time profiles of individual electroactive degradation products along with their starting materials. The investigation shows that the order of stability of three PPIs can be written as: pantoprazole > omeprazole > lansoprazole. The rate of degradation of PPIs decreases with decreasing the basicity of the corresponding benzimidazole nitrogen of PPIs, as predicted by the effect of individual substituents on each of the benzimidazole rings. At pH 7.5 all three PPIs are almost stable and the observed half wave potentials (E 1/2 ) are -1.07 V for omeprazole, -1.25 V for lansoprazole and -1.32 V for pantoprazole. On decreasing the pH from 7.5 to 3.0 the anodic shift in E 1/2 values were observed along with degradation of the PPIs and simultaneous appearance of degradation products. The present study may provide an insight for designing more potent new proton pump inhibitors.
Inhibition of Sulphate Scale Nucleation (1990)

ABSTRACT The nucleation of (Ba, Sr)S04 scale has been studied on different surfaces representative of those likely to be encountered in oil production. The amount of scale formed and the efficiencies ofthree typical scale inhibitors depended on the surface used. Similar results were obtained from mixtures of seawater with either synthetic or real formation water. INTRODUCTION Mineral scales are frequently formed in oil production, usually as the result of changes in the temperature or pressure of produced fluids, or the mixing of incompatible formation and injection waters. The scale may form a precipitate in thebulk fluid, and be carried along with it in suspension, or it may nucleate on the walls of containing vessels and grow to form an adherent scale. This adherent layer can reduce the flow of fluids in tubulars, prevent the proper functioning of chokes and safety valves, and concentrate some radioactive species from produced fluids to an extent sufficient to create a local radiation hazard. Some of the suspended scale may betransported to the walls to form a particulate deposit that is more porous, mechanically weaker, and easier to remove than those formed by direct nucleation on the surfaces. Despite the widespread occurrence of scale in oil production and other industrial and domestic situations, relatively little attention has been paid to the distinction between adherent and non-adherent scale. This paper describes some of the work being undertaken on scale nucleation on surfaces, and the effects of scale inhibitors on its inhibition and growth, in an on-going research programme at Harwell, supported by a number of oil producing companies. In view of the preponderance of mixed barium and strontium sulphate scaling in North Sea oil production as a result of mixing formation waters and seawater1, work has concentrated on (Ba, Sr)S04 scale formation on a number of surfaces representative of those likely to be encountered both downhole and topside. THE NUCLEATION PROCESS Nucleation of solid deposits is likely to be affected by the nature of the surface involved. The free energy change for the formation of a solid particle in a liquid can be written as(Available In Full Paper) where ø the driving force for the phase change, is given by(Available In Full Paper) in which S is the saturation index or saturation ratio, n is the number of molecular units in the particle,? the surface energy of the particle and A its surface area2. The change in G as the part1cle grows is given by(Available In Full Paper) where ? is the molecular volume and r is a measure of the radius of the particle that also allows for its shape. This change in free energy is thus affected by the saturation ratio, which isdetermined by the chemical composition of its surroundings and their temperature and pressure, and the energy required to create the new surface.
β-Lactam formation by ultrasound-promoted reformatsky type reaction (1984)

A. K. Bose, K. Gupta and M. S. Manhas, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1984, 86 DOI: 10.1039/C39840000086
A novel three-dimensional desalination system utilizing honeycomb-shaped lattice structures for flow-electrode capacitive deionization (2017)

A highly compact and scalable three-dimensional desalination cell was realized by utilizing honeycomb-shaped porous lattice scaffolds.
Detection of cathepsin B‐ and L‐, elstase‐, tryptase‐, trypsin‐, and dipeptidyl peptidase IV‐like activities in crevicular fluid from gingivitis and periodontitis patients with peptidyl derivatives of 7‐amino‐4‐trifluoromethyl coumarin (1989)

Crevicular fluid samples were collected from 20 gingivitis and periodontitis patients using filter paper strips; these were then eluted into buffer. Portions of each sample were combined and the activities of this pooled eluate against different peptidyl derivatives of 7‐amino‐4‐trifluoromethyl coumarin (AFC) were examined with respect to their pH profiles and effector responses. Cathepsin B‐ and L‐like activity was detected with Bz‐Val‐Lys‐Lys‐Arg‐AFC; elastase‐like activity with MeOSuc‐Ala‐Ala‐Pro‐Val‐AFC; tryptase‐like activity with Z‐Ala‐Ala‐Lys‐AFC; trypsin‐like activity with Z‐Gly‐Gly‐Arg‐AFC; and dipeptidyl peptidase (DPP) IV‐like activity with Ala‐Pro‐AFC. The selectivity and sensitivity of these assays were improved by choice of appropriate conditions. The cathepsin B‐ and L‐, elastase‐, tryptase‐, and trypsin‐like activities all had properties consistent with those from host sources, whilst partial inactivation of the DPP IV‐like activity by heat treatment (60°C for 30 min) suggested that it may have represented a mixture of human and Bacteroides gingivalis enzymes. Individual patient eluates showed wide variations in enzyme concentrations, but generally elastase‐like activity was by far the highest. The sensitivity of the assays with AFC‐linked substrates was such that it should prove possible to measure all five different types of activity in crevicular fluid samples from local periodontal disease sites.
A Full Digital Fractional-<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$ </tex-math> </inline-formula> TAF-FLL for Digital Applications: Demonstration of the Principle of a Frequency-Locked Loop Built on Time-Average-Frequency (2019)

Time-average-frequency (TAF) is a novel concept proposed in 2008 for constructing clock signal. TAF direct period synthesis (TAF-DPS) is an emerging frequency synthesis technique based on TAF. Its distinguished features are small frequency granularity and fast frequency switching, achieved simultaneously for a given design. Furthermore, its output frequency is monotonically changed with a digital control word. Those features make it suitable digitally controlled oscillator (DCO). In this paper, a TAF-DPS DCO is created entirely from digital cells. Using it as the core, a 100% digital TAF frequency-locked loop (TAF-FLL) is constructed. Unlike all established FLL and PLL architectures, TAF-FLL's output is in TAF instead of conventional frequency. This fact impacts the design from at least two directions. First, it blurs the boundary between integer- and fractional-N. Second, the issues of output jitter and the loop design are independent of each other and can be treated separately. This novel all-digital architecture has been implemented in field-programmable gate array for verifying the principle. It is the first case of building frequency control loop on TAF. The purpose of this TAF-FLL is to drive digital circuits, for digital-oriented applications.
Mechanics Of Hydraulic Fracturing (1957)

Published in Petroleum Transactions, AIME, Vol. 210, 1957, pages 153–168. Paper presented at Petroleum Branch Fall Meeting in Los Angeles, Oct. 14–17, 1956. Abstract A theoretical examination of the fracturing or rocks by means of pressures applied in boreholes leads to the conclusion that, regardless of whether the fracturing fluid be of the penetrating or non-penetrating type, the fractures produced should be approximately perpendicular to the axis of least stress. The general state of stress underground is that in which the three principal stresses are unequal. For tectonically relaxed areas characterized by normal faulting, the least stress should be horizontal; the fractures produced should be vertical with the injection pressure less than that of the overburden. In areas of active tectonic compression, the least stress should be vertical and equal to the pressure of the overburden; the fractures should behorizontal with injection pressures equal to or greater than the pressure of the overburden. Horizontal fractures cannot be produced by hydraulic pressures less than the total pressure of the overburden. These conclusions are compatible with field experience in fracturing and with the results of laboratory experimentation. Introduction The hydraulic-fracturing technique of well stimulation is one of the major developments in petroleum engineering of the last decade. The technique was introduced to the Petroleum Industry in a paper by J. B. Clark, of the Stanolind Oil and Gas Co. in 1918, and since then its use has progressively expanded so that by the end of 1955 more than 100,000 individual treatments had been performed.
A Porphyrin Pathway Impairment Is Responsible for the Phenotype of a Dominant Disease Lesion Mimic Mutant of Maize (1998)

The maize lesion mimic gene Les22 is defined by dominant mutations and characterized by the production of minute necrotic spots on leaves in a developmentally specified and light-dependent manner. Phenotypically, Les22 lesions resemble those that are triggered during a hypersensitive disease resistance response of plants to pathogens. We have cloned Les22 by using a Mutator-tagging technique. It encodes uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD), a key enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of chlorophyll and heme in plants. Urod mutations in humans are also dominant and cause the metabolic disorder porphyria, which manifests itself as light-induced skin morbidity resulting from an excessive accumulation of photoexcitable uroporphyrin. The phenotypic and genetic similarities between porphyria and Les22 along with our observation that Les22 is also associated with an accumulation of uroporphyrin revealed what appears to be a case of natural porphyria in plants.
Improved IC-compatible piezoelectric microphone and CMOS process (2002)

The authors report on an improved IC-processed microphone which has an unamplified sensitivity of approximately 100 mu V/ mu bar over the audio range. The microphone is constructed of a 2.0- mu m-thick LPCVD (low-pressure chemical vapor deposition) deposited, square, silicon nitride diaphragm (3.04 mm on an edge). On the top of the diaphragm, electrodes, insulators, and a ZnO piezoelectric film are deposited to transduce the mechanical deformation caused by the sound into an electrical signal. The microphone has been designed to be fabricated with an on-chip amplifier. The microphone has been produced without the on-chip amplifier and a signal-to-noise ratio of approximately 15 has been measured for an acoustic input of 1 mu bar (equivalent to a noise level of 50 dB SPL). Features that have improved the sensitivity over previous embodiments are: reduction of residual strain in the silicon nitride by modification of the film LPCVD deposition parameters, serial connections of the segmented, electrodes that are placed according to the diaphragm stress pattern, and design of the composite diaphragm and transducer layers to optimize sensitivity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Indian Ocean Solution (2009)

The plight of Hazaras that fled from Afghanistan to the Christmas Island in Australia is discussed. These people are being held on Christmas Island. In a tin shed on phosphate hill, a brisk woman from the department of immigration and citizenship sits facing a slight kid of 17. Though Ali Jaffari knows something of what is coming, he is battling nerves. his face is grey. one leg is trembling. His father, Sharif, sits quietly beside him, his head bowed. An air-conditioner thunders in the background. Both men keep an eye on the envelopes the DIAC officer has on the table: brown envelopes that hold the answer to the rest of their lives.
A review of the lesions in shipping fever of cattle. (1981)

A review of literature concerning the information published on the macroscopic and microscopic lung lesions in "shipping fever" of cattle is presented as reported in naturally occurring cases as well as the experimental disease.
What you always needed to know about electroporation based DNA vaccines (2012)

Vaccinations are increasingly used to fight infectious disease, and DNA vaccines offer considerable advantages, including broader possibilities for vaccination and lack of need for cold storage. It has been amply demonstrated, that electroporation augments uptake of DNA in both skin and muscle, and it is foreseen that future DNA vaccination may to a large extent be coupled with and dependent upon electroporation based delivery. Understanding the basic science of electroporation and exploiting knowledge obtained on optimization of DNA electrotransfer to muscle and skin, may greatly augment efforts on vaccine development. The purpose of this review is to give a succinct but comprehensive overview of electroporation as a delivery modality including electrotransfer to skin and muscle. As well, this review will speculate and discuss future uses for this powerful electrotransfer technology.
"PEV", a software to estimate the power and torque requirements and evaluate the performance of electric vehicles (2002)

Software to estimate the power and torque requirements and evaluate the performance of electric vehicles is presented in this paper. Inertia resistance forces, road gradient forces and aerodynamic drag forces are computed from the basic laws of mechanics, whereas for the computation of rolling resistance forces the program disposes of three different models, of variable complexity, to be used according to the needs and the available data. The program also gives the user the possibility to compute the energy consumption, when a specific driving cycle is selected and so permits comparisons between different electric vehicles.
Compatibility of refrigerants and lubricants with engineering plastics (1993)

Seven oil immersion studies were completed at both 20 and 60C. Test bars used in this study fall within the manufacturer specification limits of physical consistency and integrity. Refrigerant Immersion studies at ambient and 60C are also complete. Equilibrium refrigerant gas solubilities of the 32 ISO VG branched acid polyolester with all ten refrigerants have been determined and completed at 20C. Finally, the thermal aging of plastics at constant refrigerant pressure exposure with seventeen refrigerant lubricant combinations have been completed.
Deamination of nerylamine and geranylamine (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeamination of nerylamine and geranylamineClifford A. Bunton, David L. Hachey, and Jean Paul LerescheCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 25, 4036–4039Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00798a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00798a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views265Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Genetic algorithms for generation of class boundaries (1998)

A method is described for finding decision boundaries, approximated by piecewise linear segments, for classifying patterns in R(N),N>/=2, using an elitist model of genetic algorithms. It involves generation and placement of a set of hyperplanes (represented by strings) in the feature space that yields minimum misclassification. A scheme for the automatic deletion of redundant hyperplanes is also developed in case the algorithm starts with an initial conservative estimate of the number of hyperplanes required for modeling the decision boundary. The effectiveness of the classification methodology, along with the generalization ability of the decision boundary, is demonstrated for different parameter values on both artificial data and real life data sets having nonlinear/overlapping class boundaries. Results are compared extensively with those of the Bayes classifier, k-NN rule and multilayer perceptron.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Structure of the P395S Mutant of the N-SH2 Domain of the p85 Subunit of PI3 Kinase:  An SH2 Domain with Altered Specificity (2003)

Understanding the specificity of Src homology 2 (SH2) domains is important because of their critical role in cell signaling. Previous genetic analysis has characterized mutants of the N-terminal src homology 2 (SH2) domain of the p85 subunit of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). The P395S mutant exhibits a specificity for phosphopeptide binding different from that of the wild-type SH2. The P395S mutant has an increased affinity for the platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFr) compared to polyomavirus middle T antigen (MT). Solution structures of the P395S mutant of the p85 N-SH2 alone and complexed to a PDGFr phosphopeptide were determined to explain the change in specificity. Chemical shift perturbations caused by different peptides were compared for mutant and wild-type structures. The results show that the single P395S mutation has broad effects on the structure. Furthermore, they provide a rationale for the observed changes in binding preference.
Model for mammalian metallothionein structure. (1983)

The results of physicochemical studies of mammalian metallothioneins are summarized and used to propose a model of the protein. The primary structures of all mammalian metallothioneins are very homologous; there are 38 invariant residues and 20 of them are cysteines. The results of UV and CD optical studies indicated that all 20 cysteines are involved in the ligation of 7 mol of metal per mol of metallothionein and that the protein does not contain any alpha-helix structure. A theoretical analysis by the Chou-Fasman method has predicted 11 beta-bends, each one involving at least one cysteine residue. The most significant structural data, provided by 113Cd NMR, demonstrated that the 7 mol of bound Cd2+ are arranged in two separate metal clusters, one containing four metal ions and the other containing three, with all Cd2+ tetrahedrally coordinated to cysteine thiolate ligands. The 11 cysteine residues of the carboxyl-terminal portion of the metallothionein chain (residues 30-61) are ligated to the 4-metal cluster as shown by 113Cd NMR of this enzymatically cleaved fragment. The remaining cysteine residues from the amino-terminal polypeptide portion (residues 1-29) form the 3-metal cluster. Such a division of the chain is consistent with the presence of an intron in the mouse metallothionein-1 gene corresponding to residue 32 in the polypeptide chain. A two-domain molecular model has been constructed based on an analysis of all the available data and is described in detail. The accuracy of this model was tested by 1H NMR at 500 MHz and the data are in agreement with our proposed structure.