gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tooele NDE Test Report: LLNL 14-MeV Neutron Activation Group (1991)

The concept of the 14-MeV Neutron Activation technique is to non- destructively identify unknown chemical elements or atom fractions in closed containers by irradiating the enclosed material with fast neutrons. Nuclear reactions between the neutrons and the atoms of the materials in the container will generally produce gamma rays of energies that are unique to each atom. Although the gamma ray spectra produced are sensitive only to the elements that are present -- not the specific chemical compounds -- some of the constituents of chemical weapon agents are sufficiently different from those of conventional munitions to easily distinguish them from the latter, and, in most cases, from other chemical agents. This is a non-contact method of non-destructive evaluation with a data collection time projected to be around 10--30 minutes per test item with an appropriate source and detector. Good statistical data from chlorine specimens can be obtained rapidly with a modest-strength neutron source, owing to the large radiative neutron capture cross section of chlorine. Although there is qualitative evidence for the other distinctive constituents of blister and nerve agents, namely, P, S, and F, the signature reactions for these elements have much smaller cross sections and need some combination of higher neutron flux, longer data acquisition times, or a more efficient detector. This was expected; it is evident from our preliminary data-base measurements made at LLNL, where data collection times of several hours were required to achieve good statistical accuracy in the times on the order of 10--30 minutes, we have ordered a pulsed neutron source with about two orders of magnitude greater average neutron flux than the PuBe source used for all data shown here. 4 refs., 3 figs.
A evolução do centro histórico de Viana do Castelo (2005)

As most urban settlements, the city of Viana do Castelo has unique features deriving from its site and position, its surroundings and people. However, one can also find political, socio-economic, technical and cultural aspects testifying to different epochs that Portugal and even Europe have been through along the ages. Its primordial mediaeval wall, Renaissance expansion and 19th century urban planning, that spread its influence through the first decades of the 20th century, imprinted a certain character in Viana's historic centre that, together with the river, mountain and sea constraints conferred a coherence rich enough to justify additional attention.
Presentation and major design aspects of the CYCLADES computer network (1973)

A computer network is being developed in France, under government sponsorship, to link about twenty heterogeneous computers located in universities, research and D.P. Centers. Goals are to set up a prototype network in order to foster experiment in various areas, such as: data communications, computer interaction, cooperative research, distributed data bases. The network is intended to be both, an object for research, and an operational tool.
Gel‐fabric prostheses of the ureter (1967)

Abstract In 14 canines the ureter was substituted with a new type of ureteral gel‐fabric prosthesis. The prosthesis is a tube of knitted fabric of polyester fiber case in a layer of hydrophilous glycol methacrylate gel. Anastomoses were carried out by inserting the prosthesis ends into the ureter lumen and by suturing the stump of the ureter to a special fixing ring on the prosthesis. Preliminary results of short‐term obsevations (4 months) are quite promising. The prosthesis is non‐irritating and conducts the urine satisfactorily.
Design of Access Control System Considering Usability and Security --Application of Vital Sign Sensing Technology-- (2005)

We propose the access control system from which the usability and security are considered. We design this system by using the feature of "method of the personal authentication of using belongings" (operativeness and economy). Moreover, we solve the problem of this method (everyone, the person who obtains belongings should be able to go in and out) by combining "method of the personal authentication of using biometrics" and "vital sensing technology". We also describe advantage of the proposal system, the reason to build "vital sensing technology" into the proposal system, and describe the readability of the proposal system
Multimodal Information Spaces for Content-based Image Retrieval (2009)

Currently, image retrieval by content is a research problem of great interest in academia and the industry, due to the large collections of images available in different contexts. One of the main challenges to develop effective image retrieval systems is the automatic identification of semantic image contents. This research proposal aims to design a model for image retrieval able to take advantage of different data sources, i.e. using multimodal information, to improve the response of an image retrieval system. In particular two data modalities associated to contents and context of images are considered in this proposal: visual features and unstructured text annotations. The proposed framework is based on kernel methods that provide two main important advantages over the traditional multimodal approaches: first, the structure of each modality is preserved in a high dimensional feature space, and second, they provide natural ways to fuse feature spaces in a unique information space. This document presents the research agenda to build a Multimodal Information Space for searching images by content.
Development and test of an axial flux type PM synchronous motor with liquid nitrogen cooled HTS armature windings (2008)

We developed an axial gap permanent magnet type superconducting synchronous motor cooled by liquid nitrogen (LN2). The motor includes 8 poles and 6 armature windings. The armature windings are made from BSCCO wire operated at the temperature level between 66K~70K. The design of the rated output is 400kW at 250rpm. Because HTS wires produce AC loss, there are few motors developed with a superconducting armature winding. In a large capacity motor, HTS windings need to be connected in parallel way. However, the parallel connection causes different current flowing to each HTS winding. To solve this problem, we connected a current distributor to the motor. As a result, not only the current difference can be suppressed, but also the current of each winding can be adjusted freely. The low frequency and less flux penetrating HTS wire because of current distributor contribute to low AC loss. This motor is an axial gap rotating-field one, the cooling parts are fixed. This directly leads to simple cooling system. The motor is also brushless. This paper presents the structure, the analysis of the motor and the tests.
Question Answering on the Real Semantic Web (2007)

Restriction to a predefined set of ontologies, and consequently limitation to specific domain environments is a pervading drawback in Semantic Search technologies. In this work we present PowerAqua [2], a multi-ontology-based Question Answering (QA) platform that exploits multiple distributed ontologies and knowledge bases to answer queries in multi-domain environments. The system interprets the user’s Natural Language (NL) query using the available semantic information, and translates the user terminology into the ontology terminology (triples), retrieving accurate semantic entity values as response to the user’s request
Microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs): an emerging biomaterial for tissue engineering and therapeutic applications. (2004)

Among the various biomaterials available for tissue engineering and therapeutic applications, microbial polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) offer the most diverse range of thermal and mechanical properties. Of particular interest are the PHAs that contain 4-hydroxybutyrate such as poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(3HB-co-4HB) and poly(4-hydroxybutyrate) [P(4HB)]. These polyesters can only be synthesized by a few types of bacteria, among which Comamonas acidovorans has the most efficient metabolic pathways to channel 4HB monomers. The resulting polyesters are bioabsorbable and are being developed as a new biomaterial for medical applications. By controlling the molar ratio of the monomers, it is possible to produce materials that are as tough and elastic as rubber.
EKBOM'S SYNDROME AND BURNING PARÆSTHESIÆ (1970)

Journal Article EKBOM'S SYNDROME AND BURNING PARÆSTHESIÆ: A BIOPSY STUDY BY VITAL STAINING AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPY OF THE INTRAMUSCULAR INNERVATION WITH A NOTE ON AGE CHANGES IN MOTOR NERVE ENDINGS IN DISTAL MUSCLES Get access D. G. F. HARRIMAN, D. G. F. HARRIMAN From TheGeneral Infirmary at Leeds and the Midland Centre for Neurosurgery and NeurologySmethwick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar D. TAVERNER, D. TAVERNER From TheGeneral Infirmary at Leeds and the Midland Centre for Neurosurgery and NeurologySmethwick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar A. L. WOOLF A. L. WOOLF From TheGeneral Infirmary at Leeds and the Midland Centre for Neurosurgery and NeurologySmethwick Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Brain, Volume 93, Issue 2, 1970, Pages 393–406, https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/93.2.393 Published: 01 April 1970 Article history Received: 15 September 1969 Published: 01 April 1970
Isolation and pure culture of microvascular endothelial cells from the fetal skin (1996)

Microvascular endothelial cells were purely isolated from human fetal skin using magnetic particles. The principle of this technique is based on the selective binding of the lectin Ulex europaeus I (UEA I) to the endothelial cell surface via fucose residues. Initially UEA I was covalently bound to tosyl-activated magnetic polydisperse polymer particles (Dynabeads) and then the UEA I-coated beads were collected using a magnetic particle concentrator (MPC). Endothelial cells were isolated by extracting microvascular segments from trypsin-treated fetal skin tissue and were purified by sieving with nylon mesh and by 35% Percoll gradient centrifugation. For further purification, the obtained cells were incubated with UEA I-coated Dynabeads. The endothelial cells bound to the Dynabeads were collected using MPC. This is a simple and reproducible technique for isolating a pure population of microvascular endothelium from the fetal skin.
An Azo-Spiro Mixed Ionic Liquid Electrolyte for Lithium Metal–LiFePO[sub 4] Batteries (2010)

Using a binary ionic liquid (IL) electrolyte composed of -methyl--propylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide and 2-oxo-3,9-dioxa-6-azonia-spiro[5.5]undecane bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide at an optimized ratio, we investigated battery cycling behavior at temperatures of and above. We achieved an extended cycle life using the binary electrolyte system as the problem of cell short-circuiting (stemming from lithium dendrite growth) was significantly reduced. We provide evidence that 2-oxo-3,9-dioxa-6-azonia-spiro[5.5]undecane bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide assists in short-circuit prevention through the suppression of lithium dendrites. For batteries employing a lithium metal anode and a cathode, we report capacities in excess of , and by utilizing a pulse charging technique we were able to charge a cell at a current density , which we were not able to achieve using a normal charging regime. We also present lithium cycling data for 2-oxo-3,9-dioxa-6-azonia-spiro[5.5]undecane bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide in the absence of another IL. We show that poor capacity and a necessarily high operating temperature make this system undesirable although we observed no short-circuiting. We conclude that the structure of the components of the IL and the nature of the charging regime employed can cause a significant reduction in dendrite-induced short-circuiting.
Phenylacetylene Dendrimers by the Divergent, Convergent, and Double-Stage Convergent Methods (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenylacetylene Dendrimers by the Divergent, Convergent, and Double-Stage Convergent MethodsZhifu Xu, Michael Kahr, Kathleen L. Walker, Charles L. Wilkins, and Jeffrey S. MooreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1994, 116, 11, 4537–4550Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00090a002Request reuse permissionsArticle Views912Altmetric-Citations192LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Information centric sensor-cloud integration: An efficient model to improve wireless sensor networks' lifetime (2017)

This paper proposes an efficient decoupling model for information producer (IPD) (i.e., physical sensor) and information provider (IPV) toward a semantic sensor-cloud integration to improve Wireless Sensor Networks' (WSN) lifetime. In particular, while IPDs produce sensing information, their IPVs, which are designed as virtual sensors on sensor-cloud based on network function virtualization, are responsible for providing sensing services to information consumers. By decoupling, IPVs can make sensing data available to applications (consumers) while allowing most of IPDs to sleep. Based on applications' requirement, IPVs are globally grouped into information correlated communities (ICC). An external information correlation based prediction scheme is then established on top of the ICC to enable an IPV to predict its IPD data accurately and controllably without requiring the IPD to wake up frequently. The model requires only one IPD within an ICC to be active in a round to maintain the prediction quality, thus minimizing 1) the number of sensors required to be active and 2) their traffic load while satisfying the requirement of applications. Obtained results show that the proposed system improves WSNs' energy efficiency and service availability significantly compared to the state-of-the-art schemes.
Preparation of difluorophosphonoacetic acid and its derivatives (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPreparation of difluorophosphonoacetic acid and its derivativesDonald J. Burton and Lee G. SpragueCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 7, 1523–1527Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00242a034https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00242a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views587Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
X-Ray crystallographic and NMR evidence for a uniquely strong OH ? N hydrogen bond in the solid state and solution (1989)

Crystallographic and NMR evidence indicates that the neutral compound (1) has a strong and essentially linear [170(1)°] O–H ⋯ N intramolecular hydrogen bond as part of a seven membered ring, with uniquely short O ⋯ N and H ⋯ N distances of 2.465(5) and 1.32(2)Å and an O–H distance of 1.16(2)Å respectively.
Flow and pressure field characteristics in the porous block compact modeling of parallel plate heat sinks (2003)

Growing complexity has resulted in an increased computational effort in CFD modeling of electronic systems. To reduce the computational effort, one or several heat sinks can be represented by a compact "porous block" model, with an effective thermal conductivity and pressure loss coefficient. In this study of parallel plate heat sinks in laminar forced convection, a methodology is developed to analytically determine the fluid properties of compact heat sink models that provide acceptable levels of approximation. The results of an extensive set of CFD simulations for a three heat sink channel, covering three distinct heat sink geometries, air velocities from 0.25 m/s to 2 m/s and various spacings between the heat sinks, were used to create and evaluate the effectiveness of compact models. Use of a two term, equivalent loss coefficient-reflecting the linear and quadratic components in the pressure drop of a porous block-has led to good agreement between the detailed numerical and compact model predictions, with compact heat sink pressure drops usually slightly higher (<10%) than detailed heat sink pressure drops.
Donald J. Ortner: (1938–) (2012)

Abstract This chapter presents a biographical sketch of Donald J. Ortner. This is followed by a discussion of his contributions to paleopathology. Donald's significant contributions to the scientific discipline of human skeletal paleopathology fall into three general categories: his outstanding skill and generosity as a teacher; the range of his numerous publications on paleopathology; and his service to the Paleopathology Association (PPA), the primary scholarly society for the discipline.
Erythropoietin and G-csf Receptors in Human Tumor Cells: Expression and Aspects regarding Functionality (2002)

These results demonstrate that Epo and G-CSF did not modulate the growth rate of examined receptor-positive tumor cell lines; the presence of the Epo receptor seems not essential for cell growth of these tumor cells in cell culture.
How the Great Firewall of China is Blocking Tor (2012)

Internet censorship in China is not just limited to the web: the Great Firewall of China prevents thousands of potential Tor users from accessing the network. In this paper, we investigate how the blocking mechanism is implemented, we conjecture how China's Tor blocking infrastructure is designed and we propose circumvention techniques. Our work bolsters the understanding of China's censorship capabilities and thus paves the way towards more effective circumvention techniques.
Optical Method of Performing the Operation of Matrix Multiplication (2006)

We propose the method of all-optical performing the operation of matrix multiplication on the base of the matrix of waveguide ring microresonators. Information is processed immediately when it passes through the optical system, which performs the computation procedures, and with supply of the input data in parallel. The speed of such optical matrix processor is mtimes10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">10</sup> vector multiplication per second, where m is the quantity of the used wavelengths that defines the number of rows of the multiplied matrix
Aminosilanization Nanoadhesive Layer for Nanoelectric Circuits with Porous Ultralow Dielectric Film (2013)

An ultrathin layer is investigated for its potential application of replacing conventional diffusion barriers and promoting interface adhesion for nanoelectric circuits with porous ultralow dielectrics. The porous ultralow dielectric (k ≈ 2.5) substrate is silanized by 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) to form the nanoadhesive layer by performing oxygen plasma modification and tailoring the silanization conditions appropriately. The high primary amine content is obtained in favor of strong interaction between amino groups and copper. And the results of leakage current measurements of metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor structure demonstrate that the aminosilanization nanoadhesive layer can block copper diffusion effectively and guarantee the performance of devices. Furthermore, the results of four-point bending tests indicate that the nanoadhesive layer with monolayer structure can provide the satisfactory interface toughness up to 6.7 ± 0.5 J/m(2) for Cu/ultralow-k interface. Additionally, an annealing-enhanced interface toughness effect occurs because of the formation of Cu-N bonding and siloxane bridges below 500 °C. However, the interface is weakened on account of the oxidization of amines and copper as well as the breaking of Cu-N bonding above 500 °C. It is also found that APTMS nanoadhesive layer with multilayer structure provides relatively low interface toughness compared with monolayer structure, which is mainly correlated to the breaking of interlayer hydrogen bonding.
Total Synthesis of Sporolide B and 9-<i>epi</i>-Sporolide B (2010)

The total synthesis of the structurally unique secondary metabolite sporolide B (1b) is described. The total synthesis of 1b was developed on the basis of preliminary studies that revealed the reactivity of an appropriate o-quinone as a diene system toward a number of indene derivatives as dienophiles, first in intermolecular and thence intramolecular settings. Thus, substrates were devised (37 and 75) that underwent exquisite intramolecular [4+2] cycloaddition reactions under thermal conditions to provide primitive sporolide-type structures that were subsequently elaborated to a sporolide model system, 9-epi-sporolide B, and 1b. The requisite indene o-quinone precursor 75 was synthesized through a ruthenium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction between a propargylic alcohol and a chloroacetylenic cyclopentenyne, followed by elaboration and silver-promoted oxidation of the resulting chloroindene derivative. In addition to the total synthesis of 1b, this work demonstrated, for the first time, the power of the intramolecular hetero [4+2] cycloaddition reaction in the total synthesis of complex molecules and the application of the ruthenium-catalyzed [2+2+2] cycloaddition reaction to highly substituted indene systems possessing a chlorine residue on the aromatic nucleus.