gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of defect-tolerance scheme in a 600 M-bit wafer-scale memory (2002)

Describes a simulator using Monte Carlo simulation that has been used to evaluate the defect tolerance scheme in 600 M-bit wafer-scale DRAM having additional switching register network logic (SW-REG). To obtain functional wafers even if a memory core yield is as low as 5%, a bypass line for SW-REG and spare lines for common signals are prepared, and the number of sections that the memory is to be partitioned into is determined. One can obtain about 300 to 650 M bits on a 6-in wafer when the memory core yield is 5 to 70%. Although the wafer-scale memory has hundreds of common signal lines because of parallel access, one can have an area-efficient system with optimized additional circuits using the simulator.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hybrid integration of III/V lasers on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) optical board (2005)

A multipurpose optical platform in SOI technology is presented. Hybrid integration of the active devices is realised by AuSn solder technology. The device adjustment by passive self-alignment is in the 1/spl mu/m tolerance range.
High average power edge emitting laser diode arrays on silicon microchannel coolers (1990)

We have demonstrated high average power output devices in both one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) arrays of laser diodes using efficient edge emitting cleaved bars and silicon microchannel coolers. These packages are based on the rack and stack architecture. For the 1-D array a cw optical power output of 22.2 W was obtained with 20% electrical to optical conversion efficiency. For the 2-D array an average optical power density of greater than 100 W/cm2 was obtained at an efficiency of 25%.
Optical Frequency Comb Generation Using Dual Frequency Optical Phase Modulation (2005)

We have demonstrated a novel scheme of wide and flat optical comb generation by driving a phase modulator with fundamental and harmonic signals. The experimental results have been evaluated with numerical simulation. 17-29 peaks in flat comb with about 10 GHz intervals were experimentally obtained, which showed good agreement with the results of simulation.
High-Pressure Pulsatile Lavage Causes Soft Tissue Damage (2004)

Irrigation and debridement can be a source of iatrogenic injury in open fracture treatment. Although high-pressure pulsatile lavage has been shown to cause considerable damage to bone, little has been written about its effects on soft tissue. The purpose of this study is to quantify and compare the damages on soft tissue caused by high-pressure pulsatile lavage and low-pressure lavage. Forty specimens of fresh ovine muscle were collected and subjected to high-pressure pulsatile lavage or low-pressure lavage, with the delivery orientation being across or in line with the muscle fibers. Ten additional specimens were used as controls. The results show that high-pressure pulsatile lavage causes considerable soft tissue penetration of particulate markers (across, 4.7 mm; in line, 15.6 mm) when compared with low-pressure lavage (across, 0.5 mm; in line, 0.7 mm). Furthermore, all specimens subjected to high-pressure pulsatile lavage showed gross tissue disruption. Fifteen additional samples were obtained to measure cellular death. This was observed at a deeper level for high-pressure pulsatile lavage (median depths: across, 1210 microm; in line, 1335 microm), which was approximately twice that of low-pressure lavage (across, 485 microm; in line, 682 microm). These results show that high-pressure pulsatile lavage penetrates and disrupts soft tissue to a deeper level than low-pressure lavage, causing considerable gross and microscopic tissue disruption.
Compassionate Use of the ROCK Inhibitor Fasudil in Three Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (2020)

The Rho kinase (ROCK) inhibitor Fasudil is a promising drug for a disease-modifying therapy of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). In preclinical models, Fasudil was shown to increase motor neuron survival, inhibit axonal degeneration, enhance axonal regeneration and modulate microglial function <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i>. It prolonged survival and improved motor function of SOD1-G93A-mice. Recently, a phase IIa clinical trial has been commenced to investigate the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of Fasudil in ALS patients at an early stage of disease (ROCK-ALS trial, NCT03792490, Eudra-CT-Nr.: 2017-003676-31). Although Fasudil has been approved in Japan for many years for the treatment of vasospasms following subarachnoid hemorrhage and is known to have a favorable side effect profile in these patients, there is no data on its use in human patients with ALS or any other neurodegenerative conditions. Here, we report the first three cases of compassionate use of Fasudil in patients with ALS. Between May 2017 and February 2019, one male (66 years old) and two female (62 and 68 years old) subjects with probable or definite ALS according to the El Escorial criteria (one of the females having a pathogenic SOD1 mutation) were administered Fasudil 30 mg intravenously twice daily over 45 min on 20 consecutive working days. Blood pressure, heart rate and routine laboratory tests were constantly controlled. All three subjects tolerated the Fasudil infusions well without any obvious side effects. Interestingly, the slow vital capacity showed a significant increase in one of the patients. Taken together, we report here the first compassionate use of the ROCK inhibitor Fasudil in three ALS patients, which was well-tolerated.
Comparison of Extracellular Cellulase Activities of <i>Clostridium thermocellum</i> LQRI and <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> QM9414 (1981)

The crude extracellular cellulase of Clostridium thermocellum LQRI (virgin strain) was very active and solubilized microcrystalline cellulose at one-half the rate observed for the extracellular cellulase of Trichoderma reesei QM9414 (mutant strain). C. thermocellum cellulase activity differed considerably from that of T. reesei as follows: higher endoglucanase/exoglucanase activity ratio; absence of extracellular cellobiase or beta-xylosidase activity; long-chain oligosaccharides instead of short-chain oligosaccharides as initial (15-min) hydrolytic products on microcrystalline cellulose; mainly cellobiose or xylobiose as long-term (24-h) hydrolysis products of Avicel and MN300 or xylan; and high activity and stability at 60 to 70 degrees C. Under optimized reaction conditions, the kinetic properties (V(max), 0.4 mumol/min per mg of protein; energy of activation, 33 kJ; temperature coefficient, 1.8) of C. thermocellum cellulose-solubilizing activity were comparable to those reported for T. reesei, except that the dyed Avicel concentration at half-maximal velocity was twofold higher (182 muM). The cellulose-solubilizing activity of the two crude cellulases differed considerably in response to various enzyme inhibitors. Most notably, Ag and Hg effectively inhibited C. thermocellum but not T. reesei cellulase at <20 muM, whereas Ca, Mg, and Mn inhibited T. reesei but not C. thermocellum cellulase at >10 mM. Both enzymes were inhibited by Cu (>20 mM), Zn (>1.0 mM), and ethylene glycol-bis(beta-aminoethyl ether)- N,N-tetraacetic acid (>10 mM). T. reesei but not C. thermocellum cellulose-solubilizing activity was 20% inhibited by glucose (73 mM) and cellobiose (29 mM). Both cellulases preferentially cleaved the internal glycosidic bonds of cellooligosaccharides. The overall rates of cellooligosaccharide degradation were higher for T. reesei than for C. thermocellum cellulase, except that the rates of conversion of cellohexaose to cellotriose were equivalent.
Freeze-Set-Go interaction method for handheld mobile augmented reality environments (2009)

Mobile computing devices are getting popular as a platform for augmented reality (AR) application, and efficient interaction methods for mobile AR environments are considered necessary. Recently, touch interfaces are getting popular and drawing attention as a future standard interface on mobile computing devices. However, accurate touch interactions are not that easy in mobile AR environments where users tend to move and viewpoints easily get shaky. In this paper, the authors suggest a new interaction method for handheld mobile AR environments, named 'Freeze-Set-Go'. The proposed interaction method lets users to 'freeze' the real world view tentatively, and continue to manipulate virtual entities within the AR scene. According to the user experiment, the proposed method turns out to be helping users to interact with mobile AR environments using touch interfaces in a more accurate and comfortable way.
Market efficiency analysis requires a sensitivity to market characteristics: some observations on a recent study of betting market efficiency (2000)

This short paper offers a critical appraisal of a recent contribution to the debate on efficiency in the particular context of horserace betting markets. A number of specific criticisms are detailed. These include the failure of the authors to capture inefficiency signals which relate to non-winning horses and the weakness of the rule developed to identify inefficiency signals, in terms especially of its arbitrary nature and the fact that it captures a wide range of non-equivalent changes in underlying subjective probability. <br/>The nature of the inefficiency signals identified by the rule also arouses suspicions of sample bias. Further concerns relate to the operational limitations of a rule for identifying inefficiency which is only observable at the close of the trading period and the lack of acknowledgement of the highly limited arbitrage opportunities which exist between the parallel bookmaker and parimutuel betting markets which operate in the UK. In general, it is argued that the main limitation of the earlier paper lies in the fact that its methodology, analysis and interpretation of results fail to address the idiosyncrasies of structure and process which characterize betting markets. <br/>
Platelet CMK-5 as an Excellent Mesoporous Carbon to Enhance the Pseudocapacitance of Polyaniline (2013)

A high-performance supercapacitor electrode consisting of platelet ordered mesoporous carbon CMK-5 and polyaniline (PANi) was prepared by chemical oxidative polymerization of aniline in the presence of CMK-5. The PANi with uniform size of 2-5 nm was primarily confined in the mesochannels of CMK-5 at low PANi loadings (40 and 51 wt %), whereas at a high loading of 64 wt %, additional PANi thin films with thicknesses of 5-10 nm were coated on the surface of the CMK-5 particles. Such CMK-5-PANi composites afforded a high electrochemical active surface area for surface Faradic redox reactions, leading to a more than 50% utilization efficiency when considering the theoretical capacitance of PANi of about 2000 F/g. As a result, a specific capacitance of 803 F/g and an energy density of 27.4 Wh/kg were achieved for CMK-5-PANi composite electrode with 64 wt % PANi, showing substantial improvement as compared with symmetric capacitors configured with CMK-5 electrodes (10.1 Wh/kg) or pure PANi electrodes (16.4 Wh/kg). Moreover, an excellent rate capability and a substantially enhanced electrochemical stability with 81% capacitance retention as compared with 68% of pure PANi were also observed over 1000 charge-discharge cycles at a constant current density of 4.0 A/g.
T-spline simplification and local refinement (2004)

A typical NURBS surface model has a large percentage of superfluous control points that significantly interfere with the design process. This paper presents an algorithm for eliminating such superfluous control points, producing a T-spline. The algorithm can remove substantially more control points than competing methods such as B-spline wavelet decomposition. The paper also presents a new T-spline local refinement algorithm and answers two fundamental open questions on T-spline theory.
NACIS News (1997)

cartograplzic perspectives 55 Communication Inc. is attempting to add this feature in hopes of developing more commercial transactions on the WWW. Many users of the WWW are reluctant to send financial information over the WWW. By implementing CrytoAPI more commerce will hopefully follow. Conclusions
The design of extended bandwidth shape memory alloy actuators (1994)

Extending the usable bandwidth of shape memory alloy actuators for vibration control is investigated, both analytically and experimentally. The differential actuator, which uses SMA wires in agonist-antagonist pairs, is a potential solution. Simulation shows that only modest power requirements are necessary to achieve bandwidths between 10 and 20 Hz.
A phase III trial of <i>nab</i>-paclitaxel versus dacarbazine in chemotherapy-naive patients with metastatic melanoma: A subanalysis based on <i>BRAF</i> status. (2013)

9030 Background: Activating mutations of BRAF V600 can be found in 40%-50% of melanomas and are related to poor prognosis. In a phase 3 trial for the treatment of metastatic melanoma (MM) in chemotherapy-naive patients, nab-paclitaxel (nab-P) vs dacarbazine (DTIC) demonstrated a significant improvement in the primary endpoint of progression-free survival (PFS), assessed by independent radiological review (IRR), and a trend toward prolonged overall survival (OS) at the interim survival analysis. The study also explored the effect of BRAF status on the efficacy parameters. Methods: Chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IV melanoma (M1c stage 65%; elevated LDH 28%) and ECOG performance status 0-1 were randomized to nab-P 150 mg/m 2 on days 1, 8, and 15 of a 28-day cycle (n = 264) or DTIC 1000 mg/m 2 on day 1 of each 21-day cycle (n = 265) independent of BRAF status. Prespecified subgroup analyses of final PFS and interim OS in subgroups by BRAF status (V600E mutant, wild-type, or unknown) were performed. Results: BRAF mutation status was balanced between the treatment arms, with 36% and 38% of patients with known BRAF mutation status in the nab-P and DTIC arms, respectively. Patient characteristics were also balanced within BRAF subgroups. As shown in the Table, advantage in the nab-P arm vs DTIC arm was observed for both PFS and interim OS regardless of BRAFmutation status. Poststudy BRAF inhibitor treatment was also balanced. Conclusions: In this phase III trial, treatment effect was independent of BRAF mutation status, benefiting all patients who received nab-P vs DTIC. Therefore nab-P should be considered in the armamentarium for all chemotherapy-naive patients with MM. Clinical trial information: NCT00864253. [Table: see text]
A non-preemptive monitor for real-time applications (2003)

Requirements are described for real-time tool sets and details are given concerning NAMO, a non-preemptive application monitor for real-time applications. The design goals and system features are outlined. The authors give preliminary details of this system since some of the subsystems are still in the process of development. An example of applying NAMO to a real-time system which is resource limited is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Advanced authoring tools for game-based training (2009)

We present a complete system of authoring technologies for creating scenario-driven 3D games for training. The proposed system includes advanced tools for authoring and debugging non-linear training scenarios, creating and real-time rendering of immersive 3D environments, and automatic generation of character facial animations using recorded speech. The scenario authoring tools make it possible to easily construct and debug complex training logic flows. The 3D real-time rendering tools enable content developers with a what-you-see-is-what-you-get working environment and hence greatly reduce the production time for 3D scene and character development. The speech-driven face animation tools provide for automatic generation of lip and emotion animation.
Adaptation algorithm for adaptive streaming over HTTP (2012)

Internet video makes up a significant part of the Internet traffic and its fraction is constantly growing. In order to guarantee best user experience throughout different network access technologies with dynamically varying network conditions, it is fundamental to adopt technologies enabling a proper delivery of the media content. One of such technologies is adaptive streaming. It allows to dynamically adapt the bit-rate of the stream to varying network conditions. There are various approaches to adaptive streaming. In our work, we focus on the receiver-driven approach where the media file is subdivided into segments, each of the segments is provided at multiple bit-rates, and the task of the client is to select the appropriate bit-rate for each of the segments. With this approach, the challenges are (i) to properly estimate the dynamics of the available network throughput, (ii) to control the filling level of the client buffer in order to avoid underflows resulting in playback interruptions, (iii) to maximize the quality of the stream, while avoiding unnecessary quality fluctuations, and, finally, (iv) to minimize the delay between the user's request and the start of the playback. During our work, we designed and implemented a receiver-driven adaptation algorithm for adaptive streaming that does not rely on cross-layer information or server assistance. We integrated the algorithm with a prototype implementation of a streaming client based on the MPEG DASH (Dynamic Adaptive Streaming over HTTP) standard. We evaluated the implemented prototype in real-world scenarios and found that it performes remarkably well even under challenging network conditions. Further, it exhibits stable and fair operation if a common link is shared among multiple clients.
Role of N<sub>2</sub>gas in a transverse-flow CW CO<sub>2</sub>laser excited by silent discharge (1989)

Experimental and theoretical investigations have been carried out on the effect of N2 gas in a transverse-flow CO2 laser excited by silent discharge (SD). It has been found that the addition of N2 is a cause of the increase of excitation efficiency compensating the effect of the increase in reduced electric field strength E/N. The excitation efficiency expressed as a function of N2 gas concentration agrees qualitatively with the results of a Boltzmann equation analysis in which the electric field is assumed to be temporally stationary and spatially uniform. The decrease in gain coefficient with N2 concentration is explained well by a model in which the stream of excited molecules due to transverse flow of gas is taken into account. The optimum gas composition for SD excitation is found to be a mixture of CO2-CO-N2-He=8-4-60-28. The optimum molar fraction of N2 is extremely high in comparison to those values reported for other types of discharge excitation.
Analytical strategies for assessing comparability of biosimilars (2011)

Abstract Biosimilar products are required by regulatory authorities to have appropriate and comparable quality, safety and efficacy with a reference biologic product. The analytical techniques that are available to manufacturers of biosimilar medicines are well advanced and present a range of options to characterize the products and compare them with the relevant marketed reference product. This variety of analytical methods can be used to investigate the attributes of a candidate biosimilar and a reference biologic, and ensures that orthogonal methods can be deployed to characterize a single attribute, facilitating rigorous structural characterization and physicochemical evaluation. These analytical methodologies not only enable evidence for bio‐comparability to be amassed but also enable a developer of biosimilars to incorporate risk mitigation into the development strategy. This review discusses the analytical techniques available to support comparability testing, the handling of reference material and the strategic aspects to commercializing biosimilar or follow‐on biological medicinal products. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry
Heavy traffic multiplexing behavior of highly-bursty heterogeneous sources and their admission control in high-speed networks (2003)

Highly bursty heterogeneous sources, their heavy traffic multiplexing behavior, and their admission control in high-speed networks are discussed. The mathematical model used consists of a discrete-time queue which is fed by the superposition of the nonidentical three-state ternary Markov sources, where each source is characterized by its utilization and the first two moments of its burst period. A simple characterization of the tail of the queue length distribution in the heavy traffic is obtained. This characterization provides a simple metric for call admission control in high-speed networks where the network resources are shared by different sources with highly different characteristics. The proposed metric for call admission control is ideal for real-time operation in a high-speed environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Rat Growth‐Hormone Release Stimulators from Fenugreek Seeds (2008)

Bioassay-guided fractionation of MeOH extract from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seeds resulted in the isolation of two rat growth-hormone release stimulators in vitro, fenugreek saponin I (1) and dioscin (9), along with two new, i.e., 2 and 3, and five known analogues, i.e., 4-8. The structures of the new steroidal saponins, fenugreek saponins I, II, and III (1-3, resp.), were determined as gitogenin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, sarsasapogenin 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and gitogenin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside, respectively. Fenugreek saponin I (1) and dioscin (9) caused ca. 12.5- and 17.7-fold stimulation of release, respectively, of rat growth hormone from rat pituitary cells, whereas gitogenin (5) showed moderate activity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that steroidal saponins stimulate rat growth-hormone release in rat pituitary cells.
EFFECT OF THE USE OF MODIFIERS ON PERFORMANCE OF ASPHALTIC PAVEMENTS (1991)

The effects of two commercially available asphalt modifiers in improving the mechanical properties of asphalt paving mixtures were explored, and the abilities of these modifiers to mitigate pavement distress and improve overall pavement performance were evaluated. Nine binders were formulated with three asphalt grades and two modifiers. The modifiers investigated were carbon black and polymerized asphalt (styrelf). The dense-graded asphalt paving mixture specimens were subjected to dynamic and creep tests at temperatures of 0 deg, 40 deg, 70 deg, 100 deg, and 140 deg F, and the mechanical properties determined were resilient modulus, creep, permanent deformation parameters, and fatigue life. On the basis of these properties, the VESYS IIIA pavement performance prediction model was used to assess any improvement of the modifier on pavement distress and overall performance. The results indicate that the effect of the modifier on the paving mixture properties is not significant at low temperatures but pronounced at high temperatures. The predicted performance shows that carbon black is the most significant in reducing pavement rutting and polymer is the most significant in reducing fatigue cracking. Both modifiers show some degree of improvement in the overall pavement performance.