gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Human MicroRNA and Disease Associations (2008)

It has been reported that increasingly microRNAs are associated with diseases. However, the patterns among the microRNA-disease associations remain largely unclear. In this study, in order to dissect the patterns of microRNA-disease associations, we performed a comprehensive analysis to the human microRNA-disease association data, which is manually collected from publications. We built a human microRNA associated disease network. Interestingly, microRNAs tend to show similar or different dysfunctional evidences for the similar or different disease clusters, respectively. A negative correlation between the tissue-specificity of a microRNA and the number of diseases it associated was uncovered. Furthermore, we observed an association between microRNA conservation and disease. Finally, we uncovered that microRNAs associated with the same disease tend to emerge as predefined microRNA groups. These findings can not only provide help in understanding the associations between microRNAs and human diseases but also suggest a new way to identify novel disease-associated microRNAs.
<title>Design and implementation of an FPGA-based processor for compressed images</title> (2000)

This paper deals with the implementation of a systolic array architecture in hardware using FPGAs for processing compressed binary images without decompressing them. Specifically, run-length encoding (RLE) is used for compression. Processing images in compressed form provides a significant speedup in the computation. Using a systolic architecture and implementing it in hardware further increases the speed.
Binding of Nerve Growth Factor Receptor in Sympathetic Ganglia (1973)

(125)I-Labeled nerve growth factor binds to membrane preparations from superior cervical ganglia of rabbit in a specific fashion indicative of an interaction with the physiological receptor. Of various tissues examined, binding was observed only in the superior cervical ganglia, a presumed target organ of nerve growth factor. Binding of labeled factor is displaced by nonradioactive factor but not by several other peptide hormones. Binding to ganglia of preparations of nerve growth factor treated with N-bromosuccinimide closely parallels their biological activity. Binding of nerve growth factor receptor is saturable with an affinity constant of about 0.2 nM, similar to the reported plasma levels of the factor. Nerve growth factor does not elicit insulin-like biological effects in isolated adipocytes, and it does not modify the binding of [(125)I]insulin or [(125)I]epidermal growth factor to fat cells or liver membranes.
The Value of ???Multimodal??? or ???Balanced Analgesia??? in Postoperative Pain Treatment (1993)

Department of Surgical Gastroenterology and Anesthesiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Hvidovre, Denmark Address correspondence and reprint requests to Henrik Kehlet, MD, PhD, Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Hvidovre Hospital, 2650-Hvidovre, Denmark. This study was supported by a grant from Alfred Benzon's Fond. Accepted for publication May 14, 1993.
Etiology of Chemically Induced Writhing in Mouse and Rat (1958)

1. Histamine is probably not a basic cause of writhing in the mouse. 2. It is possible that 5-HT may be a basic etiologic agent but, if true, the usual releasers of 5-HT do not so function in the mouse. 3. Acidity of injected solution per se is probably not etiologic. 4. It is worth considering that phenylquinone, HCl, serotonin, and L-1935 may release some substance other than histamine, serotonin, heparin, or bradykinin which in turn may incite writhing. 5. Direct irritation of nerve endings remains as a distinct causative possibility. 6. In screening for analgesics, both opiate and non-opiate types, phenylquinone and HCl are most useful of writhing agents tried, in eliminating the possibility of false positives. Phenylquinone may be preferable because of its greater duration of action.
Rapid purification of intact minichromosomes over a glycerol cushion (1999)

Negatively supercoiled plasmids can be assembled into dynamic minichromosomes using Drosophila embryo extract as a source of histones and chromatin assembly factors. However, analysis of such mini-chromosomes is often difficult due to the presence in the crude extract of a large excess of macromolecules and low molecular weight molecules including ATP. Several techniques have been used to partially purify the minichromosomes based on either sizing columns or centrifugation on sucrose gradients. We have developed a single-step method employing a 30 min ultracentrifugation through a glycerol cushion. In contrast to chromatin purified in sucrose-containing buffers, the minichromosomes obtained with this method are suitable for transcriptional analysis. This method is fast, quantitative, flexible, can deal with several samples simultaneously and leads to concentration of the chromatin. As centrifugation through glycerol yields chromatin free of ATP and several characterized chromatin remodeling complexes, this method should be useful for structural and functional studies in vitro.
Simultaneous area and delay minimum K-LUT mapping for K-exact networks (2002)

We address the technology mapping problem for lookup table FPGAs. The area minimization problem for mapping K-bounded networks, consisting of nodes with at most K inputs using K-input lookup tables is known to be NP-complete for K/spl ges/5. The complexity was unknown for K=2, 3, and 4. The corresponding delay minimization problem (under the constant delay model) was solved in polynomial time by the flow-map algorithm, for arbitrary values of K. We study the class of K-bounded networks, where all nodes have exactly K inputs. We call such networks K-exact. We give a characterization of mapping solutions for such networks. This leads to a polynomial time algorithm for computing the simultaneous area and delay minimum mapping for such networks using K-input lookup tables. We also show that the flow-map algorithm minimizes the area of the mapped network as well, for K-exact networks. We then show that for K=2 the mapping solution for a 2-bounded network, minimizing the area and delay simultaneously, can be easily obtained from that of a 2-exact network derived from it by eliminating single input nodes. Thus the area minimization problem for 2-input lookup tables can be solved in polynomial time, resolving an open problem.
Normal Relationship of β- and Non–β-Cells Not Needed for Successful Islet Transplantation (2007)

Islets are composed mostly of beta-cells, and therefore stem cell research has concentrated on generating purified beta-cells, neglecting the other endocrine cell types in the islet. We investigated the presence of endocrine non-beta-cells after islet transplantation. In addition, we studied whether the transplantation of pure beta-cells, in volumes similar to that used in islet transplantation, would suffice to reverse hyperglycemia in diabetic mice. Rat islets were dispersed and beta-cells were purified by fluorescence-activated cell sorting according to their endogenous fluorescence. After reaggregation, 600 islet equivalents of the purified beta-cell aggregates were implanted into diabetic SCID mice. In mice implanted with beta-cell-enriched aggregates, the hyperglycemia was reversed and good graft function over a 12-week period was observed with regard to glucose and insulin levels, glucose tolerance tests, and graft insulin content. The endocrine cell composition of the beta-cell-enriched aggregates remained constant; before and 12 weeks after transplantation, the beta-cell-enriched aggregates comprised 95% beta-cells and 5% endocrine non-beta-cells. However, islet grafts, despite originally having comprised 75% beta-cells and 25% endocrine non-beta-cells, comprised just 5% endocrine non-beta-cells after transplantation, indicating a loss of these cells. beta-Cell-enriched aggregates can effectively reverse hyperglycemia in mice, and transplanted intact islets are depleted in non-beta-cells. It is therefore likely that islet non-beta-cells are not essential for successful islet transplantation.
Cortisol metabolism, cortisol sensitivity and the pathogenesis of leprosy reactions (1999)

The concentration of cortisol in a tissue is regulated by a reversible enzyme 'shuttle' that can deactivate cortisol by converting it to cortisone, or activate cortisone by converting it to cortisol. The activity of this shuttle, and the direction in which it operates, is regulated by numerous factors including cytokines. This results in large swings in the effective cortisol concentration in sites of inflammation at different phases of an inflammatory response. Thus changes in local cortisol concentration can be largely independent of circulating cortisol levels. The relevant shuttle enzymes are present in skin, blood vessels and nervous tissue, and inhibition of the enzymes in skin enhances the local anti-inflammatory effect of cortisol. We therefore suggest that changes in the activity or direction of action of the shuttle in leprosy lesions may predispose to reactions, requiring exogenous steroid supplements to regain control of the inflammation.
Formulation and Physiological and Biopharmaceutical Issues in the Development of Oral Lipid-Based Drug Delivery Systems (2001)

The rapidly increasing availability of drug receptor structural characteristics has permitted the receptor-guided synthesis of potential new drug molecules. This synthesis strategy frequently results in the creation of polycyclic and highly hydrophobic compounds, with attendant poor oral bioavailability resulting from low solubility and slow dissolution rate in the primarily aqueous contents of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. In an attempt to improve the solubility-limited bioavailabiliy associated with these compounds, formulators have turned to the use of lipid excipients in which the compounds can be solubilized prior to oral administration. This new class of excipients presents the pharmaceutical scientist with a number of new challenges at all stages of the formulation development process, beginning with the excipient selection and stability assessment of the prototype formulation, up to and including scale-up and mass production of the final market-image product. The interaction of lipid-based formulations with the gastrointestinal system and associated digestive processes presents additional challenges and opportunities that will be understood more fully as we begin to unravel the intricacies of the GI processing of lipid excipients. For example, an increasing body of evidence has shown that certain lipids are capable of inhibiting both presystemic drug metabolism and drug efflux by the gut wall mediated by p-glycoprotein (PGP). And, it is well known that lipids are capable of enhancing lymphatic transport of hydrophobic drugs, thereby reducing drug clearance resulting from hepatic first-pass metabolism. This review addresses the current state of knowledge regarding oral lipid-based formulation development and scale-up issues and the physiological and biopharmaceutical aspects pertinent to the development of an orally bioavailable and efficacious dosage form.
Electrostatic Lens Systems, 2nd edition (2000)

Electrostatic Lens Systems: Second Edition enables readers to design lens systems for focusing beams of charged particles that have useful characteristics. The book covers the basic theory of the motion of charged particles in electrostatic fields and describes several methods for the calculation of the potential and field distribution for various
Ensino de Medicina de Família e Comunidade no internato médico (2012)

Introducao: O curso de graduacao em medicina da Unoesc, cujo inicio se deu em 2004, tem seu eixo principal a saude coletiva, seguindo a tendencia dos novos cursos de medicina em nosso pais. Durante a graduacao os alunos cursam disciplinas que contemplam a saude da mulher, crianca, homem, idoso e trabalhador, aliando teoria a pratica, o que ocorre atraves do atendimento em unidades de saude, bem como atraves da participacao em programas de prevencao e promocao a saude. No entanto, e no internato, que se inicia a partir da oitava fase do curso, se estendendo por cinco semestres, que os alunos vivenciam de forma integral as praticas em medicina de familia e comunidade (MFC). Todo semestre, ao longo de aproximadamente 8 a 12 semanas (variando conforme a fase) uma dupla de alunos atua junto a uma Estrategia de Saude da Familia (ESF). Apos o termino deste periodo, e realizado um rodizio e novos academicos iniciam seu aprendizado. Objetivo: Descrever as atividades realizadas por academicos, durante o periodo em que permanecem no municipio de Agua Doce, Santa Catarina, atuando junto a ESF Irma Thereza Uber, que tem uma area de abrangencia de 4095 habitantes. Metodologia: Relato de experiencia. Resultados: As atividades desenvolvidas pelos academicos contemplam uma abordagem individual, familiar e comunitaria. Na primeira, esta o atendimento de pacientes na unidade de saude. Este e feito de modo individualizado, em consultorio, onde e realizada anamnese e exame fisico e apos, apresentado o caso para o medico tutor, que discute a conduta a ser tomada e dirime eventuais duvidas acerca da(s) queixa(s) apresentada(s). Na esfera familiar, os academicos realizam visitas domiciliares, orientando medidas de prevencao de doencas e verificando as influencias das relacoes intrafamiliares no processo saude-adoecimento. Ainda, expoem problemas verificados nas residencias em reunioes semanais com as agentes comunitarias de saude, para que estas possam intervir se assim for necessario. Junto a comunidade sao desenvolvidas acoes de prevencao das principais patologias (hipertensao, diabetes, osteoporose, etc.) por meio de palestras nos grupos do HIPERDIA e nas escolas municipais e estaduais da regiao. Conclusoes: O ensino da MFC na graduacao permite ao aluno se defrontar com os problemas que envolvem tanto o individuo e o coletivo de maneira integral, associado a realidade local, conforme preconizado nas diretrizes da Politica Nacional de Saude. Esta premissa esta presente nas atividades desta ESF, tornando a experiencia de aprendizado producente e satisfatoria.
Interleukin-8 Regulates Expression of Reg Protein in Helicobacter pylori-Infected Gastric Mucosa (2005)

The present study showed for the first time that Reg protein may be a potent stimulator of gastric epithelial cells in H. pylori-infected human gastric mucosa stimulated by IL-8. Further, our findings provide evidence of a novel link between Reg protein and H. pylori infection, which may help explain the molecular mechanisms underlying H. pylori-associated diseases, including gastric cancer.
Taking sustainable rural water supply services to scale : a discussion paper (2002)

Whereas many successful rural water supply (RWS) initiatives have been documented, few have evolved into sustained national programs. This paper reviews some of the issues associated with scaling up an effective RWS initiative, by which it is meant that it reaches (or is expected to reach) the vast majority of the target population with sustainable, improved services within a reasonable time frame (inclusion), and that a system of actors and institutions (public, private, and/or civic) is in place, having the necessary capacity and resources to carry out the RWS service delivery approach indefinitely (institutionalization). Four broad categories of constraints to scaling up in RWS are identified: insufficient resources, lack of knowledge/shared understanding, resistance, and untested implementation conditions. Drawing on relevant literature and empirical data from a limited number of cases, the paper offers some preliminary thoughts on these bottlenecks, and suggest an agenda for research that can yield guidelines for more scalable project design.
Second generation wavelet transform and its application in image fusion (2005)

A novel method of the second generation wavelet transform was introduced,which is to achieve wavelet transform by split,predict and update.Then it was used in image fusion successfully.The Experiment results show that the method is reasonable and effectual.
ChemInform Abstract: REACTIONS OF 2‐ARYL‐4‐ARYLHYDRAZONO‐Δ2‐OXAZOLIN‐5‐ONES WITH ACID AMIDES AND DIAMINES (1976)

Abstract Die vier Oxazolinone (I) werden mit einer Reihe von Verbindungen zu Triazolen umgesetzt.
Electrochemical reduction processes in indigo dyeing (1997)

The application of indirect electrolysis as a reduction technique in indigo dyeing is described. Various reversible redox systems were tested to determine whether they are suitable for indigo dyeing. The results of the dyeing trials confirm that the process engineering involved can be applied to the production of denim. The new process offers environmental benefits and offers the prospects of improved process stability, because the reduction state in the dyebath can be readily monitored by measuring reduction potential.
The Human Integrin α8β1 Functions as a Receptor for Tenascin, Fibronectin, and Vitronectin (1995)

The integrin family of adhesion receptors consists of at least 21 heterodimeric transmembrane proteins that differ in their tissue distribution and ligand specificity. The recently identified alpha 8 integrin subunit associates with beta 1 and is predominantly expressed in smooth muscle and other contractile cells in adult tissues, and in mesenchymal and neural cells during development. We now show that alpha 8 beta 1 specifically localizes to focal contacts in cells plated on the extracellular matrix proteins fibronectin or vitronectin. In addition we show that human embryonic kidney cells (293), transfected with alpha 8 cDNA, express alpha 8 beta 1 on their surface and use this receptor for adhesion to fibronectin and vitronectin. Furthermore, alpha 8 beta 1 binds to both fibronectin- and vitronectin-Sepharose and can be specifically eluted from either matrix protein by the arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (RGD)-containing peptide, GRGDSP. Because fibronectin and vitronectin adhesion appeared to be mediated by RGD, we examined additional RGD-containing proteins, including tenascin, fibrinogen, thrombospondin, osteopontin, and denatured collagen type I. We found that only tenascin was able to mediate adhesion of alpha 8-transfected 293 cells. By using recombinant fragments of tenascin in adhesion assays, we were able to localize the alpha 8 beta 1 binding domain of tenascin to the RGD-containing third fibronectin type III repeat. These data strongly suggest that tenascin, fibronectin, and vitronectin are ligands for alpha 8 beta 1 and that this integrin binds to the RGD site in each of these ligands through mechanisms that are distinct and separate from alpha 5- and alpha v-containing integrins.
Structure and morphology control in thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (2011)

Abstract This review focuses on the structural control in thin films of regioregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (P3HT), a workhorse among conjugated semiconducting polymers. It highlights the correlation existing between processing conditions and the resulting structures formed in thin films and in solution. Particular emphasis is put on the control of nucleation, crystallinity and orientation. P3HT can generate a large palette of morphologies in thin films including crystalline nanofibrils, spherulites, interconnected semicrystalline morphologies and nanostructured fibers, depending on the elaboration method and on the macromolecular parameters of the polymer. Effective means developed in the recent literature to control orientation of crystalline domains in thin films, especially by using epitaxial crystallization and controlled nucleation conditions are emphasized. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 49: 1218–1233, 2011
Scenario-Based Traffic Modeling for Data Emanating from Medical Instruments in Clinical Environment (2009)

In this paper, the application of individual scenario-based traffic models in identifying the traffic carrying needs of networks in patient monitoring environments is presented. Since the total number of traffic sources is small for a central limit theorem-like approximation, a simple traffic matrix for each scenario can be used to identify the capacity needed for carrying data. The data traffic is classified into three categories; constant bit rate (CBR), On-Off, and Impulsive. In digital communications, the Impulsive traffic is considered a limiting case of the On-Off traffic. Lack of standard mechanisms for digitization of the patient monitoring data offers a unique challenge for traffic modeling. Sample traffic characteristics in a certain scenario are used to demonstrate that the network does not have to be designed for a very high bit rate even if some sources occasionally generate high data rates. This is due to the fact that a source generating high data rate could do so only for a small fraction of time, which results in smoothing out the data over longer periods of time.
Activating newborn neurons suppresses depression and anxiety-like behaviors (2019)

The etiology of major depressive disorder (MDD), the leading cause of worldwide disability, is unknown. The neurogenic hypothesis proposes that MDD is linked to impairments of adult neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG), while the effects of antidepressants are mediated by increased neurogenesis. However, alterations in neurogenesis and endophenotypes are not always causally linked, and the relationship between increased neurogenesis and altered behavior is controversial. To address causality, we used chemogenetics in transgenic mice to selectively manipulate activity of newborn DG neurons. Suppressing excitability of newborn neurons without altering neurogenesis abolish the antidepressant effects of fluoxetine. Remarkably, activating these neurons is sufficient to alleviate depression-like behavior and reverse the adverse effects of unpredictable chronic mild stress. Our results demonstrate a direct causal relationship between newborn neuronal activity and affective behavior. Thus, strategies that target not only neurogenesis but also activity of newborn neurons may lead to more effective antidepressants.
Quenched Autoligation Probes (2008)

Methods are described for preparation and use of quenched autoligation (QUAL) probes. These modified oligonucleotide fluorescent probes can be used to detect DNA and RNA in solution, on solid surfaces, and in fixed and living bacterial and human cells. They are quenched probes, and thus provide a "lighting up" signal in a single step, without removing unbound or unreacted probes from the analyte. QUAL probe signals can be detected by fluorescence spectrometer, fluorescence microscope, or flow cytometry. These probes can distinguish between very small variations, including single nucleotide differences, in nucleic acid targets. The described method includes a description of how to prepare the needed dabsyl quencher linker, how to prepare the QUAL probes by DNA synthesizer, and how to employ them in detecting nucleic acids in solution and in detecting RNAs in bacterial and human cells.
A study on rectangular microstrip antenna with group of slots for compact operation (2004)

Abstract The compact configuration of a microstrip antenna can be realized by embedding suitable slots on the radiating patch. In this paper, a typical configuration of slots is studied by putting group of vertical slots near radiating edge with inset feed and the experimental results are presented. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 40: 396–398, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/mop.11391