gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of two novel benzoylphenylurea sulfur analogues and evidence that the microtubule-associated protein <i>tau</i> is predictive of their activity in pancreatic cancer (2007)

In this work, we evaluated two lead compounds, referred to as SG410 and SG430, obtained from a screen of sulfur benzoylphenylurea analogues, against in vitro and in vivo models of pancreas cancer. Both drugs showed a similar mechanism of action profile, with SG410 being more potent as an inhibitor of tubulin assembly. We determined the best in vivo administration schedule and tested SG410 and SG430 in nine cases of a novel platform of direct pancreas cancer xenografts. Both compounds had antiproliferative activity in vitro in the low nanomolar range, but only SG410 showed significant activity in vivo. Administration of SG410 resulted in significant tumor growth delay in five of nine groups tested. In a direct comparison in three of the cases, SG410 was at least as efficacious as docetaxel. We also sought markers that would be predictive of the efficacy of these agents, and we found such a marker in microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT). This protein enhances the assembly and stability of microtubules. In both the cell lines and the direct human xenografts, MAPT mRNA and protein levels correlated well. There was also a statistically significant inverse correlation between MAPT expression and sensitivity to the tested agents. In summary, the novel sulfur benzoylphenylurea SG410 showed activity inversely related to MAPT expression in a preclinical model of pancreatic cancer comparable with that observed with docetaxel, another microtubule-targeting agent.
Frequency-shaped sliding modes: analysis and experiments (1997)

A recent improvement over a motion control algorithm, sliding mode control with perturbation estimation, is considered in this paper. It enforces the nonlinear system to follow a desired trajectory despite the presence of modeling uncertainties and disturbances. This robustness feature is introduced by a control which may excite resonances of the system, especially those of high frequency. A complementary procedure, frequency shaping, is utilized in order to attenuate these controller introduced excitations. The combined control algorithm offers a couple of attractive features, such as suppression of high-frequency dynamics (including those which are unmodeled), as well as maintaining a desired level of tracking ability for the original uncertain system. The highlight of this work is to bring an equivalent conventional sliding surface to the frequency-shaped one. It is shown that such a strategy exists and can be found as a function of the initial conditions of the dynamics. This optimal conventional sliding surface is found by minimizing a quadratic cost over the trajectory tracking errors. The results of this study are experimentally verified using a single degree of freedom robot with a flexible appendage which represents the unmodeled dynamics.
Informed Prefetching and Caching (2009)

In this paper, we present aggressive, proactive mechanisms that tailor file system resource management to the needs of I/O-intensive applications. In particular, we show how to use application-disclosed access patterns (hints) to expose and exploit I/O parallelism, and to dynamically allocate file buffers among three competing demands: prefetching hinted blocks, caching hinted blocks for reuse, and caching recently used data for unhinted accesses. Our approach estimates the impact of alternative buffer allocations on application execution time and applies cost-benefit analysis to allocate buffers where they will have the greatest impact. We have implemented informed prefetching and caching in Digital's OSF/l operating system and measured its performance on a 150 MHz Alpha equipped with 15 disks running a range of applications. Informed prefetching reduces the execution time of text search, scientific visualization, relational database queries, speech recognition, and object linking by 20-83%. Informed caching reduces the execution time of computational physics by up to 42% and contributes to the performance improvement of the object linker and the database. Moreover, applied to multiprogrammed, I/O-intensive workloads, informed prefetching and caching increase overall throughput.
<i>PTEN</i> , a Putative Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Gene Mutated in Human Brain, Breast, and Prostate Cancer (1997)

Mapping of homozygous deletions on human chromosome 10q23 has led to the isolation of a candidate tumor suppressor gene, PTEN, that appears to be mutated at considerable frequency in human cancers. In preliminary screens, mutations of PTEN were detected in 31% (13/42) of glioblastoma cell lines and xenografts, 100% (4/4) of prostate cancer cell lines, 6% (4/65) of breast cancer cell lines and xenografts, and 17% (3/18) of primary glioblastomas. The predicted PTEN product has a protein tyrosine phosphatase domain and extensive homology to tensin, a protein that interacts with actin filaments at focal adhesions. These homologies suggest that PTEN may suppress tumor cell growth by antagonizing protein tyrosine kinases and may regulate tumor cell invasion and metastasis through interactions at focal adhesions.
Synthesis of Ultra‐Fine Hafnium Carbide Powder and its Pressureless Sintering (2010)

Ultra‐fine HfC powders with particle sizes of 380 or 225 nm were synthesized by carbothermal reduction of HfO 2 with graphite or carbon black, respectively. The investigation of the process indicated that a vacuum level as high as 5 Pa was appropriate for decreasing the reaction temperature and consequently limiting the particle growth of HfO 2 reactant. Type and size distribution of carbon sources demonstrated an obvious effect on the particle size of the HfC powders obtained. A model was proposed to explain this phenomenon. Carbon black with a characteristic particle size of 42 nm resulted in a HfC powder with a median particle size of 225 nm. Compared with the reported values in the literature, the synthesized HfC powder exhibited better sinterability than the commercial HfC powder. Using the synthesized powder, monolithic HfC ceramics pressureless sintered at 2400°C reached a relative density of 98.4% and an average grain size of about 4 μm.
McMillan's Integrity and Loyalty (1951)

About the year 1881, the Wabash Railway company constructed, and for some years operated, a line from Albia to Des Moines, Iowa. The Wabash already had in operation a line from St. Louis via Moulton to Ottumwa, and perhaps planned extending the Albia-Des Moines line to Moulton, thus making a direct and much shorter mileage between St. Louis and Des Moines. Why this was not done I do not know. Neither is it germane to this story, but it is a fact that after a few years that portion of the line Albia to Harvey, some twenty-s^en miles was abandoned and St Louis-Des Moines tri.is were routed via Ottumwa, thence over the Rock Island rail to Harvey, where again on its own rail the Wabash entered the Iowa capital city.
THE DICK TEST IN NORMAL PERSONS AND IN ACUTE AND CONVALESCENT CASES OF SCARLET FEVER (1924)

Scarlet fever is one of the serious diseases of childhood, and ranks as the fifth most fatal ailment in the age group from 4 to 9 years. Seventy-four per cent. of the deaths from scarlet fever occur in children before they have reached their tenth birthday. It is not the mortality alone, however, that makes the disease so dreaded by those who know its complications. The late appearance of renal and cardiac sequelae that trace their history back to an attack of scarlet fever in childhood, are in many instances evidence of the destructive action of the scarlet fever toxin during the acute stages of the disease. Among the septic complications may be mentioned the frequent involvement of the ears, which terminates in partial or total deafness. Among the new measures that give promise of enlarging many of our long accepted ideas about scarlet fever is the Dick test<sup>1</sup>
Urban traffic signal control using reinforcement learning agents (2010)

This study presents a distributed multi-agent-based traffic signal control for optimising green timing in an urban arterial road network to reduce the total travel time and delay experienced by vehicles. The proposed multi-agent architecture uses traffic data collected by sensors at each intersection, stored historical traffic patterns and data communicated from agents in adjacent intersections to compute green time for a phase. The parameters like weights, threshold values used in computing the green time is fine tuned by online reinforcement learning with an objective to reduce overall delay. PARAMICS software was used as a platform to simulate 29 signalised intersection at Central Business District of Singapore and test the performance of proposed multi-agent traffic signal control for different traffic scenarios. The proposed multi-agent reinforcement learning (RLA) signal control showed significant improvement in mean time delay and speed in comparison to other traffic control system like hierarchical multi-agent system (HMS), cooperative ensemble (CE) and actuated control.
Prospective Open-Label Study of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Patients with Axillary Hyperhidrosis (2005)

Patients with primary axillary hyperhidrosis experience substantial functional impairment and reduced health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Few studies have comprehensively evaluated the effects of botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) on these symptoms. Objective To prospectively assess the effects of BoNT-A on functional impairment associated with primary axillary hyperhidrosis. Methods Patients treated with BoNT-A 50 U per axilla at baseline were assessed 4 and 12 weeks later. Outcome measures included functional impairment as assessed by the Hyperhidrosis Disease Severity Scale and the Hyperhidrosis Impact Questionnaire and dermatology-specific HRQOL as assessed by the Dermatology Life Quality Index. Results At weeks 4 and 12 after BoNT-A treatment, 85% and 90% of patients achieved the a priori definition of treatment responder. Patients reported less occupational and emotional impairment, spent less time managing their hyperhidrosis, and had fewer difficulties in social situations. Adverse events were uncommon (5.5%), were mild, and did not require treatment. At study end, 53% of patients reported no dermatology-specific HRQOL impairment and 90% were satisfied with treatment. Conclusions Significant, meaningful, rapid, and durable reductions in disease severity and functional impairment, as well as improvements in HRQOL, were seen following BoNT-A treatment. BoNT-A was safe and well tolerated, producing high levels of patient satisfaction.
One-Day Fluorescent-Antibody Procedure for Detecting Salmonellae in Frozen and Dried Foods (1970)

The indirect fluorescent-antibody technique was used to examine 422 food samples for the presence of salmonellae. A cultural phase involving a 16-hr preenrichment in buffered nutrient broth-milk medium followed by a 4- to 5-hr subculture into fresh medium of the same composition was evaluated. This procedure yielded a sufficient population of salmonellae so that no false-negative results were obtained. Of the 31 false-positives obtained, 12 samples yielded positive cultural results upon extensive subculture of the original enrichment broths. Yeast cells and both vegetative and spore forms of bacilli were observed to fluoresce when stained with anti-Salmonella serum. Efforts to ascertain the cause of these cross-reactions and several alternate explanations are discussed.
Prostaglandins and congeners. 18. Synthesis of cyclopentenolone precursors to prostaglandins from 2,5-dihydro-2,5-dimethoxyfurans (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProstaglandins and congeners. 18. Synthesis of cyclopentenolone precursors to prostaglandins from 2,5-dihydro-2,5-dimethoxyfuransM. Brawner FloydCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1978, 43, 9, 1641–1643Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00403a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00403a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views171Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Overview of the changing paradigm in cancer treatment: Oral chemotherapy (2007)

While bioavailability studies are often an integral part of developing oral agents, their comparisons with parenteral forms are less well documented. However, studies comparing intravenous 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) with oral 5-FU prodrugs have demonstrated that efficacy, safety, and quality of life are not compromised by the use of oral therapy. Finally, these studies, as well as others, reveal patients prefer the oral route of administration.
Phospholipid binding of factor VIII in different therapeutic concentrates (1999)

Binding to anionic phospholipid (PL) is essential for the biological function of factor VIII (FVIII). We have developed a method to study the level of PL binding of FVIII in a variety of therapeutic concentrates, using the BIACORETM system which utilizes the Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) phenomenon. A HPA sensor chip was employed on to which synthetic phospholipid unilamellar vesicles were adsorbed to form a 3:1 phosphatidylcholine: phosphatidylserine lipid monolayer. Using this surface the interaction of unlabelled FVIII in concentrates was observed from which direct kinetic data (kon, koff and KD values) were obtained in real-time. Marked differences in the binding to PL, as measured by KD values, between different products were observed. These fell into three categories: two recombinant FVIII products showed high affinities for PL with KD values around 0. 05-0.14 nM; four high-purity plasma derived products, two prepared by monoclonal antibody and two prepared by ion-exchange chromatography, had 6-8-fold lower affinities, and two intermediate-purity products had 34-60-fold lower affinities with KD values in the nM region. Measurements of kon and koff values for each product showed that the differences in the KD values expressed were primarily due to the differences in their respective kon values, although the recombinant products showed changes in the koff values. The study showed that the assessment of binding to PL by FVIII in concentrates was possible without prior purification and gave KD values in the range reported previously for other methods. The difference between the products requires further investigation but may be partly due to other proteins present, in particular the content and quality of von Willebrand factor which is known to affect PL binding of FVIII.
Effect of omega-3 dietary supplements with different oxidation levels in the lipidic profile of women: a randomized controlled trial (2013)

The oxidation level of omega-3 fatty acid supplements commercialized in capsules may be a risk to consumers' health. For this purpose, we have designed a single-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial in which 52 women participated. Volunteers were randomly distributed into three groups consuming: (1) less oxidized oil pills, (2) highly oxidized oil pills and (3) no capsules. All groups consumed a fish-rich diet. Circulating glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides and glutamic pyruvic transaminase were determined at the beginning and end (30 days) of the study. As a result, the ingestion of less oxidized ω-3 supplements reduced circulating triglyceride and cholesterol levels, as opposed to the highly oxidized omega-3 capsules, which had a negative effect on cholesterol levels. In conclusion, the level of oxidation of the supplements is a key factor in controlling circulating lipid profile. Therefore, manufacturers must pay attention to the quality of the prime product prior to encapsulation.
A novel fabrication technology for smooth 3D inclined polymer microstructures with adjustable angles (2004)

A novel technique for the fabrication of three-dimensional microstructures with inclined planes of adjustable angles is proposed. Angles of inclination from 19 to 90 degrees could be easily achieved by an inclined UV exposure on SU8 resist with thickness from 100 to 1000 /spl mu/m. Glycerol is employed as an index matching material during exposure to compensate the refractive index difference between air and SU8, thus extends the possible inclined angles from 54/spl deg/ (in air) down to 19/spl deg/ (in glycerol). 45/spl deg/ inclined mirrors can be easily fabricated by this method. To eliminate reflection induced patterns, CK-6020L resist is employed as an antireflection coating layer and mesa structures with surface of optical quality has also been successfully demonstrated by 5 times exposures in corresponding directions.
Dye Tracking Following Posterior Semicircular Canal or Round Window Membrane Injections Suggests a Role for the Cochlea Aqueduct in Modulating Distribution (2019)

The inner ear houses the sensory epithelium responsible for vestibular and auditory function. The sensory epithelia are driven by pressure and vibration of the fluid filled structures in which they are embedded so that understanding the homeostatic mechanisms regulating fluid dynamics within these structures is critical to understanding function at the systems level. Additionally, there is a growing need for drug delivery to the inner ear for preventive and restorative treatments to the pathologies associated with hearing and balance dysfunction. We compare drug delivery to neonatal and adult inner ear by injection into the posterior semicircular canal (PSCC) or through the round window membrane (RWM). PSCC injections produced higher levels of dye delivery within the cochlea than did RWM injections. Neonatal PSCC injections produced a gradient in dye distribution; however, adult distributions were relatively uniform. RWM injections resulted in an early base to apex gradient that became more uniform over time, post injection. RWM injections lead to higher levels of dye distributions in the brain, likely demonstrating that injections can traverse the cochlea aqueduct. We hypothesize the relative position of the cochlear aqueduct between injection site and cochlea is instrumental in dictating dye distribution within the cochlea. Dye distribution is further compounded by the ability of some chemicals to cross inner ear membranes accessing the blood supply as demonstrated by the rapid distribution of gentamicin-conjugated Texas red (GTTR) throughout the body. These data allow for a direct evaluation of injection mode and age to compare strengths and weaknesses of the two approaches.
Data Efficient Stagewise Knowledge Distillation (2019)

Despite the success of Deep Learning (DL), the deployment of modern DL models requiring large computational power poses a significant problem for resource-constrained systems. This necessitates building compact networks that reduce computations while preserving performance. Traditional Knowledge Distillation (KD) methods that transfer knowledge from teacher to student (a) use a single-stage and (b) require the whole data set while distilling the knowledge to the student. In this work, we propose a new method called Stagewise Knowledge Distillation (SKD) which builds on traditional KD methods by progressive stagewise training to leverage the knowledge gained from the teacher, resulting in data-efficient distillation process. We evaluate our method on classification and semantic segmentation tasks. We show, across the tested tasks, significant performance gains even with a fraction of the data used in distillation, without compromising on the metric. We also compare our method with existing KD techniques and show that SKD outperforms them. Moreover, our method can be viewed as a generalized model compression technique that complements other model compression methods such as quantization or pruning.
Hieraciorum novorum diagnoses nonnullae (1936)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Are patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome appropriate candidates for the ambulatory surgical center? (2005)

Ambulatory surgery centers (ASCs) provide surgical care for patients not requiring hospital admission for their postoperative care. Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a disease process affecting every phase of anesthesia care delivery. The potential complications of OSAS and anesthesia care have been well documented in the preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative phases. Patients with OSAS undergoing procedures at ASCs may be at increased risk because they are discharged to home. The influence of residual anesthetics, analgesia, airway edema, and disruption of sleep cycles may result in significant postoperative apneic events in this patient population. There is a lack of studies regarding the outcomes and management of patients with OSAS in the outpatient and ASC environments. Until there are more studies defining the risk and outlining safe and appropriate care for these patients, it would seem reasonable to remain conservative in our approach because the negative outcomes in this population can be catastrophic.
An automated system for stable isotope and concentration analyses of CO <sub>2</sub> from small atmospheric samples (2005)

We have developed an automated, continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry (CF-IRMS) system for the analysis of delta(13)C, delta(18)O, and CO(2) concentration (micromol mol(-1)) ([CO(2)]) from 2 mL of atmospheric air. Two replicate 1 mL aliquots of atmospheric air are sequentially sampled from fifteen 100 mL flasks. The atmospheric sample is inserted into a helium stream and sent through a gas chromatograph for separation of the gases and subsequent IRMS analysis. Two delta(13)C and delta(18)O standards and five [CO(2)] standards are run with each set of fifteen samples. We obtained a precision of 0.06 per thousand, 0.11 per thousand, and 0.48 micromol mol(-1) for delta(13)C, delta(18)O, and [CO(2)], respectively, by analyzing fifty 100 mL samples filled from five cylinders with a [CO(2)] range of 275 micromol mol(-1). Accuracy was determined by comparison with established methods (dual-inlet IRMS, and nondispersive infrared gas analysis) and found to have a mean offset of 0.00 per thousand, -0.09 per thousand, and -0.26 micromol mol(-1) for delta(13)C and delta(18)O, and [CO(2)], respectively.