gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diapering choices: a critical review of the issues. (1992)

Careful consideration is needed to determine which diapering system may be best suited to an institution's or individual's needs. A critical review of five issues--skin care, infection control, other health-related concerns, environmental and safety aspects, and time/cost issues--reveals that: (a) superabsorbent paper diapers reduce the incidence and severity of diaper dermatitis and control the spread of infection in caregiving surroundings; (b) cloth and paper diapers have different effects on the environment and neither type of diaper is clearly superior to the other; and (c) the cost of disposable diapers and reusable commercial-laundered diapers may be comparable, although home-laundered diapers are least expensive if the caregiver's labor is not considered.
A novel <i>KIF5B‐ALK</i> variant in nonsmall cell lung cancer (2011)

The discovery of the novel KIF5B-ALK variant further consolidated the role of aberrant ALK signaling in lung carcinogenesis.
3-D Simulation of Pyroelectric IR Sensor and Design of Optimized Peripheral Circuit (2000)

Pyroelectric characteristics such as voltage responsivity, noise equivalent power and detectivity are modeled 3-dimensionaly considering th interaction of each parameters. Also, the circuit is designed to set up the frequency band width and the signal amplification of the pyroelectric IR sensor. The case of low frequency region shows that the voltage response increases with the independence of the sensor area as the thickness decreases. In the high frequency region, it is found that the voltage response with the load resistor of 20 increases with the independence of the sensor thickness as the sensor area decreases. In the low frequency region, the detectivity becomes excellent at th load resistor of 20, the sensor area larger than and the sensor thickness thinner than , while, in the high frequency region, it shows high value at the sensor thickness thinner than and the sensor area smaller than with the independence of the load resistor. In the circuit design, quasi-boot-strap circuit is employed, in which a single op-amp is connected to the drain of JFFT. Desirable frequency band width, amplification rate and the remarkable drop of noise of about 56% from that of conventional circuits with double op-amps are obtained.
An Origin Unwinding Activity Regulates Initiation of DNA Replication During Mammalian Cell Cycle (1988)

An in vitro assay was developed to study the positive factors that regulate the onset of DNA replication during the mammalian cell cycle. Extracts prepared from cells at defined positions in the cell cycle were used to examine the replication of SV40 DNA in a cell free system. Extracts prepared from S phase cells were ten times more efficient at initiating replication at the SV40 origin than were extracts from G1 cells, whereas elongation rates were similar in G1 and S reactions. At a discrete point in the cell cycle, just before the cell's entry into S, an activity appeared that was required, in conjunction with SV40 T antigen, for site specific initiation at the SV40 origin. This factor had a role in unwinding DNA at the replication origin.
Contour-Shape Recognition and Retrieval Based on Chain Code (2009)

The direction chain code has been widely used in image coding and recognition for its simplicity and low storage requirement. However, the researches on how to use chain code for shape retrieval are few. The traditional retrieval methods, chain code histogram (CCH) and Minimize Sum Statistical Direction Code (MSSDC) did not take the distribution feature into consideration. In our previous work, three novel descriptors, chain code distribution vector (CCDV), chain code relativity entropy (CCRE), chain code spatial distribution entropy (CCSDE) are discussed which take full advantage of the statistical feature and the distribution, spatial and relativity feature. In this paper, we compared the five algorithms on a large set of shape database. The experimental results denote the efficiency of each method.
Characterization of Polymers (1993)

Chain structures Fabrication techniques Chemical composition Microstructures and related properties Thermodynamics Physical properties Surface modification Adhesion Polymer/metal and polymer/ceramic interfaces Polymer/polymer interfaces Friction, abrasion and tribology.
Manual Oligonucleotide Synthesis Using the Phosphoramidite Method (2003)

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides may be synthesized on a solid support, which allows for the elongation of the chain without intermediate purifications. The exocyclic amino groups on cytosine and the purines are protected as the alkali-labile benzoyl or iso-butyryl amides. The 3'-OH group of the first nucleoside is attached to the solid support by a spacer chain, and the synthesis procedes by coupling the 5'-OH group of the growing chain to the 3'-phosphorus of the monomer being added, which has its 5'-OH group protected by an acid-labile group. The phosphorus must also be protected to avoid side reactions. When the synthesis is completed, the chain must be cleaved from the support and the base, phosphorus, and terminal 5'-OH-protecting groups removed. The desired oligonucleotide is then separated from the mixture of shorter chains and modified chains (1).
내시경적 점막하 박리술후 발생한 과형성 용종 5례 (2011)

목적: 과형성 용종은 위에서 발생하는 과도한 상피증식을 특징으로 하는 비종양성 병변이다. 최근 조기 위암으로 의심되는 병변에 대하여 내시경적 점막하절제술을 시행 받은 환자에서 시술 이후 발생한 과형성 용종은 지금까지 국내에서 보고된 바가 드물다. 대상 및 방법: 2002년 3월부터 2010년까지 내시경 점막 절제술 및 점막하 박리술을 시행한 3804명 중에 추적내시경에서 과형성 용종이 발생한 5명의 환자를 대상으로 후향적으로 분석하였다. 결과: 대상환자의 나이의 중앙값은 70세(63~82세)였으며, 남자가 3명이었다. 5명 모두에서 위전정부의 저등급 형성이상으로 내시경 점막 절제술(1예)과 점막하 박리술(4예)을 시행하였다. 원발 부위의 크기의 중앙값은 10 mm (10-30 mm)였으며, 헬리코박터 감염은 2예에서 확인하였다. 추적관찰기간의 중앙값은 46.5개월(12~60)이었으며, 점막절제술 및 점막 박리술 후 8개월(6~45개월)째 과 증식성 용종이 발생하였다. 1예에서 시술 후 12개월째 내시경적 점막박리술을 시행하였으나 시술 후 16개월째 다시 과증식성 용종을 발견하였다. 2예에서 6 cm까지의 크기 증가와 소량의 자연출혈이 있었으며, 빈혈을 동반하였다. 결론: 내시경 시술 후 발생하는 과증식 용종은 크기 증가로 인하여 출혈 등의 임상적인 문제를 일으킬 수 있다. 향후 좀 더 많은 증례수를 가지고 내시경 시술 후 과증식 용종이 발생할 수 있는 환자 요인 및 시술 요인에 대한 연구가 필요할 것이다.
Synthesis and Catalyst Issues Associated with ADMET Polymerization. (2002)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Multiobjective optimization strategies for linear gradient chromatography (2005)

Abstract The increase in the scale of preparative chromatographic processes for biopharmaceutical applications now necessitates the development of effective optimization strategies for large‐scale processes in a manufacturing setting. The current state of the art for optimization of preparative chromatography has been limited to single objective functions. Further, there is a lack of understanding of when to use a particular objective, and how to combine and/or prioritize mutually competing objectives to achieve a true optimal solution. In this paper, these limitations are addressed by using a physical programming–based multiobjective optimization (MO) strategy. A set of Pareto solutions are first generated for model protein separations for both bi‐objective (production rate and yield) and tri‐objective (production rate, yield, and product pool concentration) scenarios. These Pareto frontiers are used to visualize the Pareto optimal surface for different components with various purity constraints and provide a qualitative framework to evaluate the optimal solutions. A physical programming–based multiobjective framework is then used for the quantitative evaluation of the optimal solutions for tertiary protein mixtures. This enables the interpretation of results for different sets of hierarchy and priority values assigned to the objective functions and constraints for the chromatographic processes. This novel multiobjective optimization approach computes the trade‐offs between the conflicting design objectives and helps in choosing an operating condition from infinite feasible optimal solutions. The combined quantitative and visualization framework presented in this paper sets the stage for the development of true optimal solutions for complex nonlinear preparative separations. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 51: 511–525, 2005
Treatment of chronic dyskinesia with CDP-choline. (1983)

Ten patients older than 60 years suffering from tardive dyskinesia consecutive to a long-term treatment with neuroleptics were included in a study with the scope to check the efficacy of cytidine diphosphate choline (CDP-choline, citicoline, Somazina) in these disorders. The drug was administered for four weeks at daily doses of 500-1200 mg. The evaluations of the symptomatology carried out with the Simpson's abbreviated scale, showed statistically significant reductions between the beginning and the end of the treatment. The tolerance of the drug was satisfactory.
From Limestone to Catalysis: Application of Calcium Compounds as Homogeneous Catalysts (2010)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTFrom Limestone to Catalysis: Application of Calcium Compounds as Homogeneous CatalystsSjoerd Harder†*View Author Information Anorganische Chemie, Universität Duisburg-Essen, 45117 Essen, Germany* Address for correspondence. E-mail: [email protected].†Current address: Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, Netherlands.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2010, 110, 7, 3852–3876Publication Date (Web):April 26, 2010Publication History Received6 November 2009Published online26 April 2010Published inissue 14 July 2010https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr9003659https://doi.org/10.1021/cr9003659review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2010 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10857Altmetric-Citations549LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Calcium,Catalysts,Hydrocarbons,Ligands,Metals Get e-Alerts
Treatment of Neuromyelitis Optica With Rituximab (2008)

In NMO, treatment with rituximab appears to reduce the frequency of attacks, with subsequent stabilization or improvement in disability.
Characterization of a Thermostable Lysine-Specific Metalloendopeptidase from the Fruiting Bodies of a Basidiomycete, Grifola frondosa (1995)

A zinc-metalloendopeptidase, MEP, capable of catalyzing specific cleavage of acyl-lysine bonds (-X-Lys-) in polypeptides has been purified 212-fold in a yield of 24.7% from the fruiting bodies of Grifola frondosa, which is a popular edible mushroom called "MAITA-KE" in Japan. The purified enzyme consists of a single polypeptide chain with an apparent molecular mass of 20 kDa and a pI value of 7.46, contains 1 atom of zinc/molecule and can be inactivated with EDTA or 1,10-phenanthroline. Treatment of MEP with EDTA affords an apoenzyme, whose activity can be fully restored by the addition of Mn2+, Zn2+, Ca2+, or Co2+. Prominent features of MEP are its remarkable heat stability and its high affinity for beta-D-glucans and chitin. It hydrolyzes proteins maximally at pH 9-10, liberating only lysylpeptides. Polylysine and lysine copolymers with alanine, phenylalanine, or glutamic acid can serve as good substrates. Lysylalanine was liberated from bovine insulin and its oxidized B chain by the action of MEP. Mass spectrometric analysis by Frit-FAB MS of the fragments generated from horse heart cytochrome c presented unambiguous evidence to corroborate the specificity of MEP for acyl-lysine bonds.
Generalized burst assembly and scheduling techniques for QoS support in optical burst-switched networks (2003)

We address the issue of providing differentiated services to IP packets over an optical burst switched core network, and we introduce a new approach for assembling packets into a burst. In this technique, a composite burst is created by combining packets of different classes into the same burst. The packets are placed from the head of the burst to the tail of the burst in order of decreasing class. The performance of this approach is enhanced by using a burst segmentation technique in which, during burst contention, only the packets in the tail of a burst are dropped. We describe a generalized model for burst assembly and burst scheduling, and we propose several composite burst assembly methods. We observe that having multiple classes of packets in a burst performs better than having a single class of packets in a burst.
mwr Xer site-specific recombination is hypersensitive to DNA supercoiling (2009)

The multiresistance plasmid pJHCMW1, first identified in a Klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated from a neonate with meningitis, includes a Xer recombination site, mwr, with unique characteristics. Efficiency of resolution of mwr-containing plasmid dimers is strongly dependent on the osmotic pressure of the growth medium. An increase in supercoiling density of plasmid DNA was observed as the osmotic pressure of the growth culture decreased. Reporter plasmids containing directly repeated mwr, or the related cer sites were used to test if DNA topological changes were correlated with significant changes in efficiency of Xer recombination. Quantification of Holliday junctions showed that while recombination at cer was efficient at all levels of negative supercoiling, recombination at mwr became markedly less efficient as the level of supercoiling was reduced. These results support a model in which modifications at the level of supercoiling density caused by changes in the osmotic pressure of the culture medium affects resolution of mwr-containing plasmid dimers, a property that separates mwr from other Xer recombination target sites.
Generalized polynomial chaos expansion approaches to approximate stochastic receding horizon control with applications to probabilistic collision checking and avoidance (2012)

This paper studies the model predictive control of dynamic systems subject to stochastic parametric uncertainty due to plant/model mismatches and exogenous disturbance that corresponds to uncertain circumstance in operation of the system. Model and disturbance uncertainties are ubiquitous in any mathematical models of system and control theory. Parametric uncertainty propagation or quantification is approximated using a spectral method called polynomial chaos expansion and exogenous disturbance is assumed to be an additive Gaussian random process. With Gaussian approximation of resulting solution trajectory of a stochastic differential equation using polynomial chaos expansion, we solve convex finite-horizon model predictive control problems that are amenable to online computation of a stochastically robust control policy over the time-horizon. The proposed approach to chance-constrained model predictive control provides an explicit way to handle a stochastic system model in the presence of both model uncertainty and exogenous disturbances. Probabilistic constraints are replaced by convex deterministic constraints that approximate the probabilistic violations with a user-defined confidence level.
Automatic Apparatus for Determination of Small Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide in Air.New Countercurrent Absorber for Rapid Recording of Low and High Concentrations (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAutomatic Apparatus for Determination of Small Concentrations of Sulfur Dioxide in Air.New Countercurrent Absorber for Rapid Recording of Low and High ConcentrationsMoyer D. Thomas and James O. IvieCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1946, 18, 6, 383–387Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560154a013https://doi.org/10.1021/i560154a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views30Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
RNase E plays an essential role in the maturation of Escherichia coli tRNA precursors (2002)

Conversion of tRNA precursors to their mature forms requires the action of both endo- and exoribonucleases. Although studies over many years identified the endoribonuclease, RNase P, and several exoribonucleases as the enzymes responsible for generating the mature 5' and 3' termini, respectively, of Escherichia coli tRNAs, relatively little is known about how tRNAs are separated from long multimeric or multifunction transcripts, or from long leader and trailer sequences. To examine this question, the tRNA products that accumulate in mutant strains devoid of multiple exoribonucleases plus one or several endoribonucleases were analyzed by northern analysis. We find that the multifunction tyrT transcript, which contains two tRNA(Tyr)1 sequences separated by a 209-nt spacer region plus a downstream mRNA, is cleaved at three sites in the spacer region by the endoribonuclease, RNase E. When both RNase E and RNase P are absent, a product containing both tRNAs accumulates. Two multimeric tRNA transcripts, those for tRNA Arg-His-Leu-Pro and tRNA Gly-Cys-Leu also require RNase E for maturation. For the former transcript, products with long 3' extensions on tRNA(Arg), tRNA(His), and tRNA(Pro), as well as the primary transcript, accumulate in the absence of RNase E. For the latter transcript, RNase E cleaves downstream of each tRNA. Little processing of either multimeric transcript occurs in the absence of both RNase E and RNase P. These data indicate that RNase E is a major contributor to the initial processing of E. coli tRNA transcripts, providing substrates for final maturation by RNase P and the 3' exoribonucleases. Based on this new information, a detailed model for tRNA maturation is proposed.
Real-time 3D shape recording by DLP-based all-digital surface encoding (2009)

The use of computer generated sinusoidal fringe patterns has found wide acceptance in optical metrology. There are corresponding software solutions that reconstruct the phase field encoded in the fringe pattern in order to get 3D-shape data via triangulation and deflection measuring setups, respectively. Short recording time is a common issue of high importance for all tasks on the factory shop floor as well as in medical applications and for security. Recent high-speed implementations take advantage of MEMS based spatial light modulators and the digital micro mirror chipset DLP Discovery<sup>TM*</sup> is the fastest proven component currently available for this aim. Being a bi-stable on-off-state system, the sinusoidal gray level pictures are generated by controlling the mirrors ON-time period during which an analogue detector is exposed. This digital generation of light intensity distributions provides outstanding precision and long-term stability. It is used in leading edge technology solutions that produce video type streams of 3D surface data with a sustained repetition rate of 40 Hz. A new proposal is discussed in this paper that goes beyond this state of the art by considering the optical encoding of the surface as an all-digital communication link. After a brief classification of state-of- the-art systems, the authors describe how future all-digital encoding leads to extremely high speed and precision in 3D shape acquisition.
Identification of the Immunodominant Epitope Region in Phospholipase A2 Receptor-Mediating Autoantibody Binding in Idiopathic Membranous Nephropathy (2014)

Membranous nephropathy (MN) is a common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adults. Recent clinical studies established that >70% of patients with idiopathic (also called primary) MN (IMN) possess circulating autoantibodies targeting the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor-1 (PLA2R) on the surface of glomerular visceral epithelial cells (podocytes). In situ, these autoantibodies trigger the formation of immune complexes, which are hypothesized to cause enhanced glomerular permeability to plasma proteins. Indeed, the level of autoantibody in circulation correlates with the severity of proteinuria in patients. The autoantibody only recognizes the nonreduced form of PLA2R, suggesting that disulfide bonds determine the antigenic epitope conformation. Here, we identified the immunodominant epitope region in PLA2R by probing isolated truncated PLA2R extracellular domains with sera from patients with IMN that contain anti-PLA2R autoantibodies. Patient sera specifically recognized a protein complex consisting of the cysteine-rich (CysR), fibronectin-like type II (FnII), and C-type lectin-like domain 1 (CTLD1) domains of PLA2R only under nonreducing conditions. Moreover, absence of either the CysR or CTLD1 domain prevented autoantibody recognition of the remaining domains. Additional analysis suggested that this three-domain complex contains at least one disulfide bond required for conformational configuration and autoantibody binding. Notably, the three-domain complex completely blocked the reactivity of autoantibodies from patient sera with the full-length PLA2R, and the reactivity of patient sera with the three-domain complex on immunoblots equaled the reactivity with full-length PLA2R. These results indicate that the immunodominant epitope in PLA2R is exclusively located in the CysR-FnII-CTLD1 region.
Field Trial of 80-Gb/s PDM-QPSK Signal Delivery over 300-m Wireless Distance with MIMO and Antenna Polarization Multiplexing at W-Band (2015)

We experimentally demonstrate 300-m wireless delivery of 80-Gb/s PDM-QPSK signal at W-band with BER less than 3.8×10−3, which, to the best of our knowledge, attains the largest bit rate over long transmission distance at W-band up to now.