gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Performance Enhancement of WDM-PON FTTH Network by Using Decision Feedback and Feed forward Equalizations (2015)

In this paper, Decision Feedback Equalization (DFE) and Feed forward Equalization (FFE)based on minimum mean square error optimization has been employed to improve the performance of 32 channels, gigabit capacity WDM-PON network. An optical line terminal (OLT) installed at the transmitter end which continuous transmit 32 channels having different colors (wavelengths) of 20GB/s data rate , which is multiplexed by optical multiplexer and transmit through standard single mode fiber (SMF) having length 40km. A link design for 1:64 optical splitters is used as Passive Optical Network (PON) element which creates communication between OLT to different end users. It is observed that FFE and DFE significantly reduce BER by 1.0798e -010 , 1.1556e -011 , 1.2960e -010 and 8.8979e -009 at four different wavelengths 1550nm, 1559.6nm, 1562.8nm and 1574.8nm by using NRZ (non return zero) modulation format at 20GB/s for 64 users having 40km fiber length respectively. Sharp increase in BER 2.6916e -002 , 4.6519e -002 , 3.8804e -001 and 5.1570e -002 occurs if data rate increases up to 25 GB/s.
Rheumatologic Manifestations of Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) (1989)

The Reiter syndrome, reactive arthritis, polymyositis, and the sicca syndrome may herald the onset of clinically evident HIV infection. These diseases and others may also occur in patients with full-blown AIDS. Furthermore, HIV infection may mimic systemic lupus erythematosus.
Detecting significant change in neuropsychological test performance: A comparison of four models (1999)

A major use of neuropsychological assessment is to measure changes in functioning over time; that is, to determine whether a difference in test performance indicates a real change in the individual or just chance variation. Using 7 illustrative test measures and retest data from 384 neurologically stable adults, this paper compares different methods of predicting retest scores, and of determining whether observed changes in performance are unusual. The methods include the Reliable Change Index, with and without correction for practice effect, and models based upon simple and multiple regression. For all test variables, the most powerful predictor of follow-up performance was initial performance. Adding demographic variables and overall neuropsychological competence at baseline significantly but slightly improved prediction of all follow-up scores. The simple Reliable Change Index without correction for practice performed least well, with high error rates and large prediction intervals (confidence intervals). Overall prediction accuracy was similar for the other three methods; however, different models produce large differences in predicted scores for some individuals, especially those with extremes of initial test performance, overall competency, or demographics. All 5 measures from the Halstead-Reitan Battery had residual (observed--predicted score) variability that increased with poorer initial performance. Two variables showed significant nonnormality in the distribution of residuals. For accurate prediction with smallest prediction--confidence intervals, we recommend multiple regression models with attention to differential variability and nonnormality of residuals.
Protecting Neurons (2005)

Brain injury evolves over time, often taking days or even weeks to fully develop. It is a dynamic process that involves immediate oxidative stress and excitotoxicity followed by inflammation and preprogrammed cell death. This article presents a brief overview of mechanisms of neuroprotection in the developing brain. Although the focus is on ischemic injury, the conclusions drawn apply to any type of brain insult-epileptic seizures, trauma, or ischemia. Strategies of neuroprotection include salvaging neurons through the use of targeted pharmacotherapies, protecting neurons through preconditioning, and repairing neurons by enhancing neurogenesis. Drug therapies that dampen the impact of immediate and downstream postinjury events are only modestly effective in protecting the brain from ischemic injury. In experimental models, complete or true protection can be achieved only through preconditioning, a process during which an animal develops tolerance to an otherwise lethal stressor. Although of no clinical use, preconditioning models have provided valuable insight into how repair systems work in the brain. Cumulative evidence indicates that the same genes that are upregulated during preconditioning, those mediating true protection, are also upregulated during injury and repair. Specifically, hypoxic preconditioning and hypoxic-ischemic insult have been shown to induce hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and its target survival genes, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and erythropoietin (Epo) in rodents. Of particular interest is the upregulation of Epo, a growth factor that may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of ischemic stroke. At this time, however, the postinjury enhancement of neurogenesis appears to offer the best hope for long-lasting functional recovery following brain injury.
Formation Processes of Large Earthen Residential Mounds in La Mixtequilla, Veracruz, Mexico (1994)

Residential mounds are basic units of archaeological analysis, yet their formation rarely is considered systematically. Large earthen residential mounds, classified by Tourtellot (1983:43, 50) as “tells,” are characteristic of Veracruz and of many Preclassic sites. These low, broad mounds are larger than a house mound, commonly the size of a Maya plazuela group (Stark 1991a:45), and represent the remains of one or more structures. Data on the stratification and artifact characteristics of a Classic-period mound in La Mixtequilla, Veracruz, permit reconstruction of six major formation processes that contribute to the growth of earthern residential mounds. The formation processes of these "tells in miniature" and the relative quantity of fill vs. accretionary growth have important implications for the interpretation of household size, status, and other demographic and social variables.
A robust speech/non-speech detection algorithm using time and frequency-based features (1992)

The authors address the problem of automatic endpoint detection in normal and adverse conditions. Attention has been given to automatic endpoint detection for both additive noise and noise-induced changes in the talker's speech production (Lombard reflex). After a comparison of several automatic endpoint detection algorithms in different noisy-Lombard conditions, the authors propose a new algorithm. This algorithm identifies islands of reliability (essentially the portion of speech contained between the first and last vowel) using time- and frequency-based features and then applies a noise adaptive procedure to refine the endpoints. It is shown that this algorithm outperforms the commonly used algorithm developed by Lamel et al. (1981), and several other recently developed methods.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of RAPD protocol for typing of strains of lactic acid bacteria and enterococci (1995)

A protocol for typing strains of lactic acid bacteria and enterococci based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) fragments has been developed. Using a single 10-mer primer, fingerprints were achieved without the need to isolate genomic DNA. Different conditions of DNA release and amplification were investigated in order to obtain reproducible results and high discrimination among strains. This RAPD protocol was successfully applied for the typing of strains belonging to the species Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lact. helveticus, Lact. casei, Lact. reuteri, Lact. plantarum, Enterococcus faecalis, Ent. faecium and Streptococcus thermophilus.
Formal Transfers of Hydride from Carbon−Hydrogen Bonds. Generation of H<sub>2</sub>from Orthoformamides Designed To Undergo Intramolecular Protonolyses of Activated Carbon−Hydrogen Bonds (1996)

Protonolysis of the central carbon−hydrogen bond of tricyclic orthoformamide 1 occurs readily to liberate H2 and give the corresponding guanidinium ion 15 under mild conditions. To accelerate this process, we have attempted to make the reaction intramolecular by constructing molecules in which carbon−hydrogen bonds similarly activated as formal donors of hydride are held close to acidic sites. Spectroscopic and structural studies have indicated that orthoformamide 25 contains a central carbon−hydrogen bond activated as a formal donor of hydride by three antiperiplanar lone pairs on nitrogen, as well as an acidic ethylammonium group. As expected, pyrolysis of compound 25 produced the corresponding guanidinium ion 28 in high yield, and H2 was liberated and could be trapped in 39% yield. However, analogous bimolecular reactions of butylammonium chloride with simple orthoformamides 1 and 29, which do not contain intramolecular acidic sites, occurred at similar rates. This suggests that protonolyses of such structures may occur by collinear attack on the activated central carbon−hydrogen bond or that the observed liberation of H2 does not involve direct protonolysis.
Field collapse event ESD test method (2014)

A novel field collapse event ESD test method is presented in this paper. The device under test is continuously grounded in an electrostatic field and when the field is removed it drives current through the device. We show with measurements and simulations how to use this method to test ESD immunity of electronic products.
A New Synthesis of Quinol-2,4-diones (1975)

N-Methyl-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2,4-dihydroxyquinoline(4) has been synthesized by a new method involving the condensation of N-methylisatoic anhydride with diethylmalonate followed by alkylation with 4-bromo-2-methyl-2-butene and decarbethoxylation with copper (11) acetate in hot hexamethylphosphoroustriamide giving the desired quinol-2,4-dione system.Alternate procedures were studied and were found successful, but in lower yields.The new procedure represents a versatile entry into compounds of this type and promises to be general.
Incognito (2005)

A number of organizations publish microdata for purposes such as public health and demographic research. Although attributes that clearly identify individuals, such as Name and Social Security Number, are generally removed, these databases can sometimes be joined with other public databases on attributes such as Zipcode, Sex, and Birthdate to re-identify individuals who were supposed to remain anonymous. "Joining" attacks are made easier by the availability of other, complementary, databases over the Internet.K-anonymization is a technique that prevents joining attacks by generalizing and/or suppressing portions of the released microdata so that no individual can be uniquely distinguished from a group of size k. In this paper, we provide a practical framework for implementing one model of k-anonymization, called full-domain generalization. We introduce a set of algorithms for producing minimal full-domain generalizations, and show that these algorithms perform up to an order of magnitude faster than previous algorithms on two real-life databases.Besides full-domain generalization, numerous other models have also been proposed for k-anonymization. The second contribution in this paper is a single taxonomy that categorizes previous models and introduces some promising new alternatives.
Conceptual modeling of multimedia documents (1991)

An approach to the document-retrieval problem that aims to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of document-retrieval systems by exploiting the semantic contents of the documents is presented. The document retrieval problem is delineated, and conceptual document modeling basics and requirements are discussed. An experimental system, the Multimedia Office Server (Multos), which implements some of the document-model concepts described, is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and Characterization of New Poly(arylene ethynylene)s Based on 3-Hexyl Multisubstituted Oligothiophene Blocks (2001)

A series of new regioregular poly(arylene ethynylene)s were prepared by Pd-catalyzed condensation of 3-hexyl multisubstituted oligothiophene derivatives with either benzene or anthracene compounds. The NMR characterization of the starting materials and model compounds lead to a thorough investigation of the corresponding macromolecules. Both small and large molecules were characterized by optical methods. The former, particularly when containing anthracene moieties, display noticeable photoluminescence quantum yields. In the polymers, the photoluminescence quantum yield is lower than that of the starting materials when anthracene is present, while the polymers containing benzene show higher quantum yields.
Helical Sexithiophenes:  An Experimental and Theoretical Study Implicating the Alternating 2,2‘:3,3‘ Regioisomer as a Reliable Helical Motif (2003)

Perchlorinated sexithiophene regioisomer, 2,2' '' ''-diX-5,5',5' ',5' '',5' '' ',5' '' ''-hexachloro-[3,3';2',2' ';3' ',3' '';2' '',2' '' ';3' '' ',3' '' '']sexithiophene (compound 1), demonstrates a reliable helical conformation in the solid state, regardless of a broad range of substituents, X. The synthesis and composition of compound 1a (X = H) synthetically accommodates substituent diversity at the 2- and 2' '' ''-sites. X-ray crystal structures (X = H, Cl, Br) and theoretical geometry optimizations (X = H, Cl, Br, I, Me, Et, t-Bu, and Ph) both confirm that the helical state, a conformation likely dictated by internal torsional strain, is predominant and unaffected by substituent X. It is predicted (ACID/B3LYP/6-31G(d) calculations and UV-visible spectra) that the helical structure exists as a fully conjugated system.
Highly emissive excitons with reduced exchange energy in thermally activated delayed fluorescent molecules (2019)

Unlike conventional thermally activated delayed fluorescence chromophores, boron-centered azatriangulene-like molecules combine a small excited-state singlet-triplet energy gap with high oscillator strengths and minor reorganization energies. Here, using highly correlated quantum-chemical calculations, we report this is driven by short-range reorganization of the electron density taking place upon electronic excitation of these multi-resonant structures. Based on this finding, we design a series of π-extended boron- and nitrogen-doped nanographenes as promising candidates for efficient thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitters with concomitantly decreased singlet-triplet energy gaps, improved oscillator strengths and core rigidity compared to previously reported structures, permitting both emission color purity and tunability across the visible spectrum.
The Formation and Behavior of Polycyclic Borazines (1964)

Condensation of borazine to polycyclic boron-nitrogen polymers has been studied in a silent electrical discharge of the ozonizer type. The effects of design of discharge apparatus, concentration of borazine vapor, partial pressure of hydrogen, residence time of borazine and polycyclic borazines in the discharge, and distance of the quenching trap from the discharge region have been examined. Intermolecular condensation of borazine by dehydrogenation to form diborazinyl, B6 N6 H10 , can be repressed by adding hydrogen to the discharge tube. Formation of borazanaphthalene, B5N5H8, has been maximized to give 16% yields using a cyclic system. When crystalline or undercooled borazanaphthalene is held in the dark at room temperature, it decomposes very slowly yielding hydrogen, borazine, diborane, and nonvolatile polymeric materials. This instability resembles the decomposition of liquid borazine under similar conditions.
Montage: An X-Based Multimedia Electronic Mail System (1992)

This paper describes an extensible multimedia electronic mail system called Montage which is based on the X Window System. Montage supports the composition, transmission, and viewing of structured documents consisting of virtually any type of medium. Further, users can, at runtime, extend the system easily to support new document types, including text, images, audio, video, executable programs, and commercial file formats.
Task-oriented vision with multiple Bayes nets (1993)

We present the basic framework of a task-oriented computer vision system, called TEA, that uses Bayes nets and a maximum expected utility decision rule. Knowledge about the scene and about the nature of the specific task given to the system are represented in Bayes nets. We introduce a new kind of Bayes net, called an expected area net, that models both geometric relations between objects and the areas in the scene where objects are expected to be located. The decision of what areas of the scene to run a vision module on can be made using this relational knowledge. The decision of what vision modules to run is made using a value/cost utility measure, where value is based on mutual information measured between nodes in the Bayes net that correspond to actions and to the goal of the task, and cost is proportional to the fraction (using the expected area net) of the image that a vision module processes. We present a method for combining several Bayes nets that represent different types of scene and task knowledge into a single composite network. Composite nets support more complex visual tasks, and enable the calculation of action utilities relative to the information requirements of a specific task. TEA models camera movements and distinguishes between vision modules that operate either on foveal or on peripheral image data. Experimental results are presented from the TEA-O system, our initial implementation of the general TEA framework .
Predict the road to prevent roll-over, using the navigation database (2008)

This paper describes the design of the tilting warning system for commercial vehicles, PARSYST (Preventive Anti-Roll SYSTem). This system aims to determine the roll-sensitivity of the vehicle (learning phase), and to combine this information with data of forthcoming road curves through GPS and a navigation database to result in an assessment of the critical tilting speed. The need for such a system is discussed, as well as the PARSYST concept. The roll-sensitivity is estimated from a minimum set of data, extracted from already available systems such as pressure monitoring and ABS systems. The on-board navigation database, usually including a minimum set of road data in order to limit the size of the database, serves to extract the present and future curve radius, as part of the digital horizon. This PARSYST system can be considered as an additional functionality of board computers, leading to a safety enhancement system at moderate costs. The first focus is for rigid payloads, but steps have been made to understand the extension of the algorithms towards moving (liquid) payload.
Scar-Associated Macrophages Are a Major Source of Hepatic Matrix Metalloproteinase-13 and Facilitate the Resolution of Murine Hepatic Fibrosis (2007)

Both the identity and source of the rodent collagenase(s) that mediates matrix remodeling in liver fibrosis remain elusive. We have recently demonstrated an unequivocal role for scar-associated macrophages (SAMs) in the spontaneous resolution of liver fibrosis and sought to determine whether SAMs are the source of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 13 (collagenase 3), considered to be the primary interstitial collagenase in rodents. In this study, we demonstrate an association between MMP13 expression and the presence of SAMs in the regression of experimental liver fibrosis. mmp13 gene expression was restricted to regions of fibrosis that were rich in SAMs. Both MMP13 mRNA and protein colocalized to large phagocytes within and directly apposed to hepatic scars. Using the CD11b-DTR-transgenic mouse to deplete SAMs in a model of chronic CCl(4) injury, we found that SAM depletion resulted in a 5-fold reduction in mmp13 message (p = 0.005). Furthermore, resolution of CCl(4)-induced fibrosis was retarded in MMP13-deficient mice. Thus, SAMs selectively, during resolution of fibrosis induce and use the major collagenase MMP13 to mediate the resorption of interstitial matrix and successfully remodel the fibrotic liver.
A First-Principles Molecular Dynamics Study of the Solvation Shell Structure, Vibrational Spectra, Polarity, and Dynamics around a Nitrate Ion in Aqueous Solution (2017)

A first-principles molecular dynamics study is presented for the structural, dynamical, vibrational, and dipolar properties of the solvation shell of a nitrate ion in deuterated water. A detailed description of the anisotropic structure of the solvation shell is presented through calculations of various structural distributions in different conical shells around the perpendicular axis of the ion. The nitrate ion-water dimer potential energies are also calculated for many different orientations of water. The average vibrational stretch frequency of OD modes in the solvation shell is found to be higher than that of other OD modes in the bulk, which signifies a weakening of hydrogen bonds in the hydration shell. A splitting of the NO stretch frequencies and an associated fast spectral diffusion of the solute are also observed in the current study. The dynamics of rotation and hydrogen bond relaxation are found to be faster in the hydration shell than that in the bulk water. The residence time of water in the hydration shell is, however, found to be rather long. The nitrate ion is found to have a dipole moment of 0.9 D in water which can be attributed to its fluctuating interactions with the surrounding water.
A Method for the Determination of the Mass of Electrolytic Ions (1933)

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Defective IgG2a/2b Class Switching in PKCα−/− Mice (2006)

Using model tumor T cell lines, protein kinase C (PKC) alpha has been implicated in IL-2 cytokine promoter activation in response to Ag receptor stimulation. In this study, for the first time, PKCalpha null mutant mice are analyzed and display normal T and B lymphocyte development. Peripheral CD3(+) PKCalpha-deficient T cells show unimpaired activation-induced IL-2 cytokine secretion, surface expression of CD25, CD44, and CD69, as well as transactivation of the critical transcription factors NF-AT, NF-kappaB, AP-1, and STAT5 in vitro. Nevertheless, CD3/CD28 Ab- and MHC alloantigen-induced T cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production are severely impaired in PKCalpha(-/-) CD3(+) T cells. Consistently, PKCalpha-deficient CD3(+) T cells from OVA-immunized PKCalpha-deficient mice exhibit markedly reduced recall proliferation to OVA in in vitro cultures. In vivo, PKCalpha-deficient mice give diminished OVA-specific IgG2a and IgG2b responses following OVA immunization experiments. In contrast, OVA-specific IgM and IgG1 responses and splenic PKCalpha(-/-) B cell proliferation are unimpaired. Our genetic data, thus, define PKCalpha as the physiological and nonredundant PKC isotype in signaling pathways that are necessary for T cell-dependent IFN-gamma production and IgG2a/2b Ab responses.