gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvent extraction of alfalfa chloroplastic curds (1988)

Abstract The effects of pH during the preparation of chloroplastic curds upon the extraction of their lipids and their discoloration were studied. The chloroplastic curds were produced by means of a heat treatment, after adjusting the pH of the juice. Four pH values (6·0, 8·0, 8·5, 9·0) and three solvents (acetone, chloroform /methanol 2:1, propan‐2‐ol) were evaluated. The extractions were performed in a Soxhlet apparatus and carried out on freshly prepared curds. In the extracted and non‐extracted products, Kjeldahl nitrogen and the colour parameters a, b and L (Hunter Colour Difference method) were determined. The largest amount of lipids was extracted from the curds obtained at pH 6·0; this was associated with an increase in the nitrogen content of the concentrate arising from lipid removal. The curds obtained under alkaline conditions yielded increasing amounts of lipid with increasing pH. In all cases a slight decrease in the nitrogen content was noticed in the extracted curd compared with the non‐extracted curd. The colour of the extracted products depended both on the pH employed during curd preparation and on the solvent used for the extraction.
Molded Rigid Polymer Monoliths as Separation Media for Capillary Electrochromatography. 1. Fine Control of Porous Properties and Surface Chemistry (1998)

Monolithic columns for capillary electrochromatography have been prepared within the confines of untreated fused-silica capillaries in a single step by a simple copolymerization of mixtures of butyl methacrylate, ethylene dimethacrylate, and 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-1-propane-sulfonic acid (AMPS) in the presence of a porogenic solvent. The use of these novel macroporous monoliths eliminates the need for frits, the difficulties encountered with packed capillaries, and capillary surface functionalization. Since the porous properties of the monolithic materials can be easily tailored through changes in the composition of the ternary porogenic solvent, the effects of both pore size and the percentage of sulfonic acid monomer on the efficiency and the electroosmotic flow velocity of the capillary columns could be studied independently over a broad range. A simple increase in the content of charged functionalities within the monolith leads to an expected acceleration of the flow velocity. However, increasing the pore size leads to a substantial deterioration of the efficiency of the separation. In contrast, monoliths with increasing levels of AMPS in which the pore size remains fixed due to adjustments in the composition of the porogenic solvent show no deterioration in efficiency while maintaining the same increase in flow velocity, thus producing a significant reduction in separation time. Additionally, measurements on monoliths with constant levels of AMPS but different pore sizes suggest that flow velocity may be affected by the flow resistance within the capillary column.
Stilbazulenyl Nitrone Decreases Oxidative Stress and Reduces Lung Injury After Hemorrhagic Shock/Resuscitation and LPS (2007)

Multiorgan failure is a major cause of late morbidity and mortality after trauma. Reactive oxygen species generated during shock/resuscitation contribute to tissue injury by priming the immune system for an exaggerated response to subsequent inflammatory stimuli such as LPS. Stilbazulenyl nitrone (STAZN) is a novel second-generation azulenyl nitrone that has been shown to have potent antioxidant properties in a rat model of brain ischemia. We hypothesized that STAZN may confer protection against lung injury after shock/resuscitation and LPS by reducing oxidative stress and lowering the production of NF-kappaB-dependent pro-inflammatory cytokines. Sprague-Dawley rats were submitted to a two-hit model of lung injury involving hemorrhagic shock/resuscitation and subsequent intratracheal LPS injection, with and without intraperitoneal injections of STAZN. STAZN reduced overall lung injury in response to LPS alone and also after shock/resuscitation plus LPS. STAZN also reduced plasma levels of 8-isoprostane, a proxy measure of oxidative stress, indicating its antioxidant activity in vivo. The effect of STAZN was, at least in part, related to its effect on nuclear translocation of NF-kappaB and generation of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-alpha. Azulenyl nitrones such as STAZN represent a promising novel class of antioxidants for treating organ injury.
A new algorithm for computing the "effective capacitance" in deep sub-micron circuits (2002)

In this paper we introduce an algorithm which computes the effective capacitance with improvements in both accuracy and speed over previously published algorithms. Speed improvements are achieved by replacing complex circuit analysis equations used to compute intermediate values of effective capacitance with a characterized table which is a function of circuit parameters. Accuracy improvements are attained by replacing model approximations for the driver cell with a representative SPICE driver model which accounts for higher order effects of deep sub-micron (DSM) circuits. This new algorithm interfaces with industry-standard empirical timing libraries providing an efficient interface with timing driven EDA applications.
The YRD Motif Is a Major Determinant of Substrate and Inhibitor Specificity in T-cell Protein-tyrosine Phosphatase (2001)

We have studied T-cell protein-tyrosine phosphatase (TCPTP) as a model phosphatase in an attempt to unravel amino acid residues that may influence the design of specific inhibitors. Residues 48--50, termed the YRD motif, a region that is found in protein-tyrosine phosphatases, but absent in dual-specificity phosphatases was targeted. YRD derivatives of TCPTP were characterized by steady-state kinetics and by inhibition studies with BzN-EJJ-amide, a potent inhibitor of TCPTP. Substitution of Asp(50) to alanine or Arg(49) to lysine, methionine, or alanine significantly affected substrate hydrolysis and led to a substantial decrease in affinity for BzN-EJJ-amide. The influence of residue 49 on substrate/inhibitor selectivity was further investigated by comparing subsite amino acid preferences of TCPTP and its R49K derivative by affinity selection coupled with mass spectrometry. The greatest effect on selectivity was observed on the residue that precedes the phosphorylated tyrosine. Unlike wild-type TCPTP, the R49K derivative preferred tyrosine to aspartic or glutamic acid. BzN-EJJ-amide which retains the preferred specificity requirements of TCPTP and PTP1B was equipotent on both enzymes but greater than 30-fold selective over other phosphatases. These results suggest that Arg(49) and Asp(50) may be targeted for the design of potent and selective inhibitors of TCPTP and PTP1B.
Ln(III)-DOTAMGly Complexes: A Versatile Series to Assess the Determinants of the Efficacy of Paramagnetic Chemical Exchange Saturation Transfer Agents for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Applications (2004)

The modulation of the magnetic properties along the lanthanide series allows an in-depth understanding of the determinants of ST effect and provides useful insights for the design of more efficient agents.
Determination of glutathione in human plasma using high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection with a carbon-epoxy resin composite electrode chemically modified with cobalt phthalocyanine (1989)

High-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (LCEC), incorporating a novel carbon-epoxy resin working electrode modified with cobalt phthalocyanine, has been employed for preliminary studies directed towards the determination of normal circulating levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) in human plasma. The mobile phase consisted of 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH 3) containing 0.1% m/m ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA); the calibration graph was linear in the range 0.24-30.7 ng of GSH injected. The mean recovery of GSH added to a control serum over the physiological concentration range (0.38-3.07 ng ml-1) was 99%; this was achieved following a simple sample pre-treatment method, prior to LCEC, involving chelation of divalent cations with EDTA and subsequent acidification with orthophosphoric acid. Using the LCEC method, the mean circulating level of GSH in plasma, found in three normal subjects, was 2.69 microM, GSH; this indicates that the method might be applicable to the determination of depressed circulating levels of GSH.
Room Temperature Bulk Synthesis of Silver Nanocables Wrapped with Polypyrrole (2007)

Abstract Wet chemical synthesis of silver cables wrapped with polypyrrole is reported in aqueous media without use of any surfactant/capping agent and/or template. The method employs direct polymerization of pyrrole in an aqueous solution with AgNO 3 as an oxidizing agent. The four probe conductivity results for the as‐synthesized silver nanocables of polypyrrole films were found to be 3, 5, 5, and 9 S · cm −1 for a 1: 2, 1: 1, 1: 0.5, and 1: 0.1 silver‐to‐pyrrole ratio, respectively. This approach can be extended to other monomers such as aniline and N ‐methylaniline (NMA) to prepare different morphologies of silver nanostructures. Aniline monomer polymerization occurred at room temperature to produce a coating of a silver mirror on the side walls of the glass vial, as in the case of Tollen's process of making silver mirrors. The silver mirror coating strategy was extended to a poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) surface and the resistivity of the polyaniline‐coated Ag nanocomposites were measured and found to be semiconducting. magnified image
Dynamic Resource Allocation via Clustered MC-CDMA in Multi-Service Ad-Hoc Networks: Achieving Low Interference Temperature (2007)

This work presents a novel resource allocation scheme for a multi-service (e.g., voice, video and data) wireless ad-hoc networks. The technique is established via clustered multicarrier code division multiple access (MC-CDMA) system. In clustered MC-CDMA, the available bandwidth is divided into the clusters of carriers, their MC-CDMA is applied within each cluster and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) is applied across clusters. Here, a master node allocates carrier clusters and their associated power to the nodes in order to minimize the interference temperature, with constraints on bit-error-rate and transmission rates for different classes of services. Sub-optimum algorithms are proposed for this constrained optimization problem and their impact on interference temperature in multi-service wireless networks is investigated. Simulation results confirm the potential of the proposed techniques to improve the interference temperature, which is mainly due to the flexibility in channel allocation via clustered MC-CDMA.
C/EBPβ <sup>ΔuORF</sup> mice—a genetic model for uORF-mediated translational control in mammals (2010)

Upstream ORFs (uORFs) are translational control elements found predominantly in transcripts of key regulatory genes. No mammalian genetic model exists to experimentally validate the physiological relevance of uORF-regulated translation initiation. We report that mice deficient for the CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein beta (C/EBPbeta) uORF initiation codon fail to initiate translation of the autoantagonistic LIP (liver inhibitory protein) C/EBPbeta isoform. C/EBPbeta(DeltauORF) mice show hyperactivation of acute-phase response genes, persistent repression of E2F-regulated genes, delayed and blunted S-phase entry of hepatocytes after partial hepatectomy, and impaired osteoclast differentiation. These data and the widespread prevalence of uORFs in mammalian transcriptomes suggest a comprehensive role of uORF-regulated translation in (patho)physiology.
Quantitative evaluation of variation in composition of the streptozyme agglutination reagent for detection of antibodies to group A streptococcal extracellular antigens (1981)

The antibody titers of 90 acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 30 patients (mean age, 15.0 years) were studied with five different lots of Streptozyme reagent to determine whether variation exists among lots of reagent and whether this can affect clinical interpretation of antibody titers. Each serum was tested simultaneously with each of the five lots of reagent. Lot-to-lot variation in the reagent resulted in a significant difference (greater than 2 dilution increments) in antibody titer for 61 (68%) of the 90 sera tested. In addition, differences among the five lots also resulted in variation in determining whether a significant rise in titer occurred from the acute-phase to the convalescent serum for a given patient. These data indicate a need for precise identification and quantitation of the streptococcal antigens coated onto erythrocytes used for the Streptozyme test reagent.
On the stability of the phase-lead integrator (1977)

The oscillations frequently encountered in the application of the noninverting phase-lead integrators are shown to be due to the second (parasitic) op-amp pole. A method is given for stabilizing this integrator circuit while keeping the integrator <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> -factor unchanged.
Production of WC Powder from WO<SUB>3</SUB> Added Co<SUB>3</SUB>O<SUB>4</SUB> (1978)

A process for production of fine WC powders using Co3O4 as an additive was investigated. The mixed powder of WO3, carbon black and 0.4 to 6.25%Co3O4 was reduced and carburized in H2 at various temperatures. This report deals with the result of the examination on the operating conditions and the particle size of the obtained WC.From the chemical analysis of combined carbon contents of the products and identification of the compounds by X-ray analysis, it was found that the mixed powder containing more than 1.6%Co3O4 could be carburized at 900°C. When the Co3O4 content is less than 1.6%, the lower the Co3O4 content the higher the carburization temprature, and the effect of Co addition was almost negligible at less than 0.4%Co3O4. The WC particle size obtained became coarser as the degree of reduction, carburization temperature and Co3O4 content increased. The particle size of more than about 0.6 μm could be controlled by regulating these three factors. Although in this process the WC was carburized at a much lower temperature than in the usual process, where WC was prepared by the reaction between W and C, its grain size of WC determined by X-ray diffraction was comparatively large and became larger with increasing Co3O4 content of the mixed powder.
Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Replication by the K10-K42 Peptide of GAP31 Is Due to Induction of Rapid but Nonspecific Precipitation of Viral and Nonviral Proteins (1999)

The 33-amino acid peptide K10-K42 has previously been described as having potent anti-HIV-1 activity, and antiviral efficacy against hepatitis B and human cytomegalovirus in vitro. Although the exact mechanism of antiviral activity was unknown, it was hypothesised that the K10-K42 peptide inhibited HIV-1 by interfering with one or more of the intracellular processes of reverse transcription, integration, and/or viral gene expression. We performed a series of experiments to identify and characterize the inhibitory mechanism, and to determine whether intracellular expression of the K10-K42 peptide would potentiate its antiviral efficacy in vitro. Surprisingly, our results revealed that the antiviral activity of the K10-K42 peptide could be explained without implicating intracellular inhibition of HIV-1 replication. The activity appeared to be due to an extraordinary capacity of the K10-K42 peptide to precipitate viral and nonviral proteins in vitro. The protein-precipitating capacity of the K10-K42 peptide was sequence specific and a scrambled version of the 33-amino acid peptide did not retain the activity. Although the unusual biochemical properties of the K10-K42 peptide probably negate a number of potential therapeutic applications, they do merit further investigation. Moreover, these findings provide a plausible explanation of the mechanism by which the K10-K42 peptide can inhibit replication of viruses from families as genetically and functionally diverse as Retroviridae, Hepadnaviridae, and Herpesviridae.
Inspection of aircraft fastener holes using a conically shaped multi-element phased array probe (2002)

A novel inspection technique is described using phased ultrasonic arrays to detect faying surface cracks in the first layer around the base of a fastener hole with fasteners installed. A unique phased array probe incorporates a matrix of ultrasonic elements arranged in a conical configuration encircling the fastener head. This arrangement permits deflection of the ultrasonic beam in three dimensions, and adapts to different hole diameters and skin thickness. Full circumferential scans are performed using a pre-programmed sequence of phased array focal laws. The inspection method uses pulse-echo at a variety of angles incident on the crack to thoroughly cover the fastener hole and surrounding area, and is designed to detect cracks as small as 0.030″ in length.
Städtische Eliten und ihre Selbstinszenierung: Die Dreihundertjahrfeier Saratovs 1891 (2000)

Häfner L. Städtische Eliten und ihre Selbstinszenierung: Die Dreihundertjahrfeier Saratovs 1891. <em>Jahrbücher für Geschichte Osteuropas</em>. 2000;48(1):17-40.
Effects of Surface Treatments on Secondary Electron Emission from CVD Diamond Films (1995)

Secondary electron emission (SEE) properties of polycrystalline diamond films grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) were measured. The total secondary yield (sigma) from as-grown samples was observed to be as high as 20 at room temperature and 48 while heating at 700 K in vacuum. Electron-beam-activated, alkali-terminated diamond films have shown stable values of sigma as high as 60 when coated with CsI and similarly high values when coated with other alkali halides. Diamond coated with BaF2 had a stable sigma of 6, but no enhancement of the SEE properties was observed with coatings of Ti or Au. Hydrogen was identified to give rise to this effect in as-grown films. However, electron beam exposure led to a reduction in sigma values as low as 2. Exposure to a molecular hydrogen environment restored sigma to its original value after degradation, and enabled stable secondary emission during electron beam exposure. Atomic hydrogen and hydrogen plasma treatments were performed on diamond/Mo samples in an attempt to increase the near-surface hydrogen concentration which might lead to increased stability in the secondary emission. Raman scattering analysis, scanning electron microscopy, and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) confirmed that hydrogen plasma and atomic hydrogen treatments improved the quality of the CVD diamond significantly. Elastic recoil detection (ERD) showed that heating as-grown diamond targets to 7OO K, which was correlated with an increase in sigma, removed contaminants from the surface but did not drive hydrogen from the diamond bulk. ERD showed that the hydrogen plasma treatment produced an increase in the hydrogen concentration in the near-surface region which did not decrease while heating in vacuum at 700 K, but no improvement in the SEE properties was observed.
Parallel compilation for a parallel machine (1989)

An application for a parallel computer with multiple, independent processors often includes different programs (functions) for the individual processors; compilation of such functions can proceed independently. We implemented a compiler that exploits this parallelism by partitioning the input program for parallel translation. The host system for the parallel compiler is an Ethernet-based network of workstations, and different functions of the application program are compiled in parallel on different workstations. For typical programs in our environment, we observe a speedup ranging from 3 to 6 using not more than 9 processors. The paper includes detailed measurements for this parallel compiler; we report the system overhead, implementation overhead, as well as the speedup obtained when compared with sequential compilation.
<title>Two-dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy for application in biotechnology</title> (1999)

A wide range of excitation and emission wavelengths is measured using the technique of two-dimensional (2D-) fluorescence spectroscopy. In a single, so called, two- dimensional fluorescence spectrum several biogenic fluorophors like proteins, vitamins and coenzymes can be detected simultaneously. This can give important information for bioprocess monitoring and control. An optical sensor (BioView<SUP>R</SUP>) for on line fluorescence measurements at industrial (bio)-processes was used to get the results presented in this paper. This BioView<SUP>R</SUP>-sensor is optimized to work in the harsh environment of production sites in biotechnological industry and -- using an optical light guide system with open-end detection -- it is very well suited for in vivo measurements, because it is non-invasive and the on line data can be performed in-situ.
The Assembly of Very Low Density Lipoproteins in Rat Hepatoma McA-RH7777 Cells Is Inhibited by Phospholipase A2Antagonists (2000)

In McA-RH7777 cells, the oleate-stimulated assembly and secretion of very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) was associated with enhanced deacylation of phospholipids, which was markedly decreased by inactivation of the cellular phospholipase A(2). Treatment of the cells with antagonists or antisense oligonucleotide of the Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) (iPLA(2)) significantly inhibited secretion of apoB100-VLDL and triglyceride. Similar inhibitory effect of the iPLA(2) antagonists was observed on apoB48-VLDL secretion, but secretion of high density lipoprotein particles (such as apoAI- and apoB48-high density lipoprotein) or proteins in general was unaffected. The iPLA(2) antagonist did not affect the synthesis of apoB100 or triglyceride, nor did it affect the activities of phospholipase D, phosphatidate phosphohydrolase, or microsomal triglyceride transfer protein. Inactivation of iPLA(2) resulted in impaired apoB100-VLDL assembly as shown by decreased apoB100-VLDL and triglyceride within the microsomal lumen, with concomitant increase in apoB100 association with the microsomal membranes. The inhibitory effect of iPLA(2) antagonists on apoB100-VLDL assembly/secretion could be abated by pretreatment of cells with oleate. Analysis of molecular species of microsomal phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine by electron spray tandem mass spectrometry revealed that the enrichment of oleoyl moieties was altered by the treatment of iPLA(2) antagonist. These results suggest that the oleate-induced VLDL assembly/secretion may depend upon the establishment of membrane glycerolipids enriched in oleoyl chain, a process mediated by the iPLA(2) activity.