gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of zinc incorporation in aluminosilicate crystalline structures and the leaching behaviour of product phases (2014)

This study quantitatively evaluates a waste-to-resource strategy of blending zinc-laden sludge and clay material for low-cost ceramic products. Using ZnO as the simulated zinc-laden sludge to sinter with kaolinite, both zinc aluminate spinel (ZnAl₂O₄) and willemite (Zn₂SiO₄) phases were formed during the sintering process. To analyse the details of zinc incorporation reactions, γ-Al₂O₃and quartz were further used as precursors to observe ZnAl₂O₄and Zn₂SiO₄formations. By firing the ZnO mixtures and their corresponding precursors at 750-1350°C for 3 h, the efficiency of zinc transformation was determined through Rietveld refinement analyses of X-ray diffraction data. The results also show different incorporation behaviour for kaolinite and mullite precursors during the formation of ZnAl2O₄and Zn2SiO₄in the system. In addition, with a competitive formation between ZnAl₂O₄and Zn₂SiO₄, the ZnAl₂O₄spinel phase is predominant at temperatures higher than 1050°C. This study used a prolonged leaching test modified from the US Environmental Protection Agency's toxicity characteristic leaching procedure to evaluate ZnO, ZnAl₂O₄, and Zn₂SiO₄product phases. The zinc concentrations in ZnO and Zn₂SiO₄leachates were about two orders of magnitude higher than that of ZnAl₂O₄ leachate at the end of the experiment, indicating that ZnAl₂O₄formation is the preferred stabilization mechanism for incorporating zinc in ceramic products.
Defective Ca2+ metabolism in Duchenne muscular dystrophy: effects on cellular and viral growth. (1984)

Normal fibroblasts in medium containing 0.02 mM CaCl2 arrested growth within 24 hr, whereas Duchenne muscular dystrophy fibroblasts continued to grow for 5 days, albeit at 40% of their rate in standard medium (1.8 mM CaCl2). Moreover, Duchenne cells in calcium-deficient medium showed an enhanced rate of protein synthesis (60% over the rate in standard medium), whereas normal cells were unaffected. Previously we described a general assay for detection of mutant cells by using herpes simplex virus I replication as a probe of cellular function. By altering the growth medium, one can elicit changes in viral DNA replication that depend upon cellular differences. Duchenne fibroblasts in calcium-deficient low-serum (0.5%) medium supported viral replication at a rate 7- to 10-fold greater than did normal cells infected under the same conditions. Using this viral assay, we have successfully identified all 10 samples of a blind coded set of Duchenne muscular dystrophy, normal, and heterozygote cells. In addition, differences of a lower magnitude were found between these cell strains as measured by cellular growth or protein synthesis. Therefore, a cell's ability to grow and support viral replication in calcium-deficient medium can be used to readily distinguish Duchenne muscular dystrophy fibroblasts from normal ones. These results suggest that the viral assay could be used as a prenatal diagnostic test. A defect related to calcium metabolism may be fundamental to this disease.
Modeling complex access control policies in distributed systems (2002)

In a distributed environment where users and resources are dispersed, security policies often require a more complex control mechanism, for access authorization. Authorization for a subject accessing objects depends not only on its normal access rights but also on its access history and interaction with other subjects. In this paper, frequently desirable multilevel exceptions are systematically categorized and it is shown that many state-dependent security policies are actually examples of these multilevel exceptions. An effective access control model based on Boolean expressions of classified categories is proposed to enforce all the multilevel exceptions in a uniform and elegant way.
RFID Actuation of Self-Powered Downhole Tools (2008)

Abstract The emergence, development and first implementation of RADIO FREQUENCY IDENTIFICATION (RFID) technology used to actuate self powered downhole tools are discussed. A case history is also presented. Daily contact with RFID technology is all but inescapable. Typical uses include toll road monitoring, retail inventory control, banking and tracking of livestock and pets. RFID as an enabling technology was recognized for its potential to replace and/or complement existing methods of downhole communication, such as wired coiled tubing and downhole tubulars, ball drop operations, fibre optics, i-wire and EM telemetry. Additionally, the prospect of actuating self-powered downhole tools created an attractive and potentially highly rewarding improvement in operating costs at the wellhead through a reduction in third party wellhead asset value, less time in the hole, reduced number of trips and multi functional capabilities. RFID in this application has two inherent parts. The TAG, which is encoded with the appropriate command data.The READER which is housed in the downhole tool. The encoded tag is released into the well at surface from where wellbore flow of fluids, gas or condensate transports it down the well tubulars until it passes through the reader antenna. The high power antenna within the downhole tool energises the passive tag then reads and stores the tag data. Typically the tag data will consist of a command to actuate the tool by means of a self contained hydraulic pump, electric motor and battery pack. Operations such as opening and closing valves, indexing and release mechanisms and a multiple of other functions can be implemented. Multiple tools can be run at the same time without compromising the tool internal diameter. Each tool has a unique address therefore tags can be coded with data that picks out an individual tool to be actuated. Time delays and repeat sequence commands are all possible. The case history presented in this paper describes the use of this technology to open and close a drilling circulation sub. The tool was run by a North Sea operator as part of a drilling operation. The circulation sub was opened at a depth of 10,100 ft. by flowing an "Open" command tag from the surface. After circulating, the tool was closed by flowing a "Close" command tag.
Mechanisms of Drug Release in Nanotherapeutic Delivery Systems (2015)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTMechanisms of Drug Release in Nanotherapeutic Delivery SystemsPamela T. Wong and Seok Ki Choi*View Author Information Michigan Nanotechnology Institute for Medicine and Biological Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States*E-mail: [email protected]. Tel.: (734) 647-0052. Fax: (734) 936-2990.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2015, 115, 9, 3388–3432Publication Date (Web):April 27, 2015Publication History Received22 August 2014Published online27 April 2015Published inissue 13 May 2015https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr5004634https://doi.org/10.1021/cr5004634review-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2015 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views14486Altmetric-Citations396LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Antineoplastic agents,Drug release,Molecules,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins Get e-Alerts
A Lossless Compression Method of Time-Series Data Based on Increasing Average of Neighboring Signals (2008)

Golomb-Rice coding is a well-known compression algorithm for sensor data. When time-series data changes drastically with the large amplitudes such as a pulse signal, the code length based on Golomb-Rice coding becomes very long. In order to shorten the code length, amplitude of signal is decreased by calculating differential signal between a raw signal with a similar signal. In this paper, we develop a lossless compression method for time-series data such as sensor data. In traditional methods, finding the past-signal from which a differential signal with low amplitude can be generated is the main topic. However, if there are no past-signals to reduce sufficiently the amplitude of differential signal, the data compression procedure takes only low effects. In our approach, a signal which decreases energy of a pulse signal or increases energy of the neighboring signal of a pulse signal is adopted to generate differential signals. In order to select an effective signal, we propose a method for detecting reference signals based on cumulative distribution features of time-series data. As results of experiments, we confirm that our proposed method can generate codes whose length is shortened. The code length was decreased to 97% on average and up to 81% in comparison with the traditional method.
High-resolution structure of the catalytic region of MICAL (molecule interacting with CasL), a multidomain flavoenzyme-signaling molecule (2005)

Semaphorins are extracellular cell guidance cues that govern cytoskeletal dynamics during neuronal and vascular development. MICAL (molecule interacting with CasL) is a multidomain cytosolic protein with a putative flavoprotein monooxygenase (MO) region required for semaphorin-plexin repulsive axon guidance. Here, we report the 1.45-A resolution crystal structure of the FAD-containing MO domain of mouse MICAL-1 (residues 1-489). The topology most closely resembles that of the NADPH-dependent flavoenzyme p-hydroxybenzoate hydroxylase (PHBH). Comparison of structures before and after reaction with NADPH reveals that, as in PHBH, the flavin ring can switch between two discrete positions. In contrast with other MOs, this conformational switch is coupled with the opening of a channel to the active site, suggestive of a protein substrate. In support of this hypothesis, distinctive structural features highlight putative protein-binding sites in suitable proximity to the active site entrance. The unusual juxtaposition of this N-terminal MO (hydroxylase) activity with the characteristics of a multiprotein-binding scaffold exhibited by the C-terminal portion of the MICALs represents a unique combination of functionality to mediate signaling.
Frequency of Antibiotic-Producing Pseudomonas spp. in Natural Environments (1997)

The antibiotics phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) and 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (Phl) are major determinants of biological control of soilborne plant pathogens by various strains of fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. In this study, we described primers and probes that enable specific and efficient detection of a wide variety of fluorescent Pseudomonas strains that produce various phenazine antibiotics or Phl. PCR analysis and Southern hybridization demonstrated that specific genes within the biosynthetic loci for Phl and PCA are conserved among various Pseudomonas strains of worldwide origin. The frequency of Phl- and PCA-producing fluorescent pseudomonads was determined on roots of wheat grown in three soils suppressive to take-all disease of wheat and four soils conducive to take-all by colony hybridization followed by PCR. Phenazine-producing strains were not detected on roots from any of the soils. However, Phl-producing fluorescent pseudomonads were isolated from all three take-all-suppressive soils at densities ranging from approximately 5 x 10(sup5) to 2 x 10(sup6) CFU per g of root. In the complementary conducive soils, Phl-producing pseudomonads were not detected or were detected at densities at least 40-fold lower than those in the suppressive soils. We speculate that fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. that produce Phl play an important role in the natural suppressiveness of these soils to take-all disease of wheat.
General-Purpose Computation with Neural Networks: A Survey of Complexity Theoretic Results (2003)

We survey and summarize the literature on the computational aspects of neural network models by presenting a detailed taxonomy of the various models according to their complexity theoretic characteristics. The criteria of classification include the architecture of the network (feedforward versus recurrent), time model (discrete versus continuous), state type (binary versus analog), weight constraints (symmetric versus asymmetric), network size (finite nets versus infinite families), and computation type (deterministic versus probabilistic), among others. The underlying results concerning the computational power and complexity issues of perceptron, radial basis function, winner-take-all, and spiking neural networks are briefly surveyed, with pointers to the relevant literature. In our survey, we focus mainly on the digital computation whose inputs and outputs are binary in nature, although their values are quite often encoded as analog neuron states. We omit the important learning issues.
Impact of Activities OF NA<sup>+</sup>,K<sup>+</sup>-Atpase and CA<sup>2+</sup>-Atpase in the Cochlear Lateral Wall on Recovery from Noise-Induced Temporary Threshold Shift (2002)

The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between the noise-induced temporary threshold shift (TTS) and the specific activities of sodium potassium adenosine triphosphatase (Na+,K(+)-ATPase) and calcium adenosine triphosphatase (Ca(2+)-ATPase) in the cochlear lateral wall. The specific activities of these enzymes were quantified by microcolorimetric assay. Changes in auditory brain stem response (ABR) thresholds were compared with the quantitative alterations of the specific activities of Na+,K(+)-ATPase and Ca2(+)-ATPase in the cochlear lateral wall of guinea pigs with a noise-induced TTS. In the majority of those noise-exposed ears with complete recovery of ABR thresholds, the specific activities of both enzymes returned to at least 70% of the mean specific activity of the control group. Although other factors may be involved, reversible inactivation of Na+,K(+)-ATPase and Ca2(+)-ATPase in the cochlear lateral wall may be one component of the TTS. Our present findings could drive further studies on the molecular basis of noise-induced hearing loss.
Measurement of Vertebral Rotation in Standing Versus Supine Position in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2001)

Thirty-three structural curves of 25 patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis were evaluated using computed tomography (CT) scans and plain radiography. The average Cobb angle on standing radiographs was 55.72° and was observed to be corrected spontaneously to 39.42° while the patients were in supine position (29.78% correction). Average apical rotation according to Perdriolle was 22.75° on standing radiographs and 16.78° on supine scanograms. The average rotation according to Aaro and Dahlborn on CT scans was 16.48°. Radiographic measurements were significantly different from axial CT slice or scanogram measurements (p = 0.000), but the two latter measurements, both obtained in the supine position, did not appear to be different (p = 0.495). Deformities on the transverse plane as well as on the coronal plane are influenced by patient positioning. If the patient lies supine, the scoliosis curve corrects spontaneously to some degree on both planes. Measurements obtained from the scanograms by the Perdriolle method in the supine position are very similar to those obtained by CT. Perdriolle's is a simple, convenient, and reliable method to measure rotation on standing radiograms.
Towards Emotion-Sensitive Conversational User Interfaces in Healthcare Applications (2019)

Perception of emotions and adequate responses are key factors of a successful conversational agent. However, determining emotions in a healthcare setting depends on multiple factors such as context and medical condition. Given the increase of interest in conversational agents integrated in mobile health applications, our objective in this work is to introduce a concept for analyzing emotions and sentiments expressed by a person in a mobile health application with a conversational user interface. The approach bases upon bot technology (Synthetic intelligence markup language) and deep learning for emotion analysis. More specifically, expressions referring to sentiments or emotions are classified along seven categories and three stages of strengths using treebank annotation and recursive neural networks. The classification result is used by the chatbot for selecting an appropriate response. In this way, the concerns of a user can be better addressed. We describe three use cases where the approach could be integrated to make the chatbot emotion-sensitive.
A Learning-Based Approach for Automatic Defect Detection in Textile Images (2015)

This paper addresses the textile defect detection problem using a machine-learning approach. We propose a novel algorithm that uses supervised learning to classify textile textures in defect and non-defect classes based on suitable feature extraction and classification. We use statistical modeling of multi-scale contourlet image decomposition to obtain compact and accurate signatures for texture description. Our defect detection algorithm is based on two phases. In the first phase, using a training set of images, we extract reference defect-free signatures for each textile category. Then, we use the Bayes classifier (BC) to learn signatures of defected and non-defected classes. In the second phase, defects are detected on new images using the trained BC and an appropriate decomposition of images into blocks. Our algorithm has the capability to achieve highly accurate defect detection and localisation in textile textures while ensuring an efficient computational time. Compared to recent state-of-the-art methods, our algorithm has yielded better results on the standard TILDA database.
Polar anchoring energy effect and measurement of vertically-aligned liquid crystal cells (2006)

Polar anchoring energy effect of vertically aligned liquid crystal cell is introduced. An electric field method is developed for measuring the polar anchoring energy. Both theoretical analyses and confirming experimental results are presented. Buffed polyimide vertically aligned liquid crystal cells are used as examples.
Capillary gas chromatography coupled with negative ionization microplasma mass spectrometry for halogen-selective detection (2000)

Gas chromatography was coupled with plasma mass spectrometry with a microplasma ion source for negative ion detection. The ion source, which was kept inside the high vacuum chamber of the mass spectrometer, was a rigid fused silica capillary tube containing a capacitively coupled radiofrequency helium plasma. This made the setup quite simple: eliminating the sampler–skimmer pressure-reducing interface traditionally used in plasma mass spectrometry. The present study describes the utilization of halogen-selective negative ion detection. A high selectivity of fluorine to hydrocarbon compounds (3 × 103), and a highly sensitive detection for F, Cl, Br, and I (0.13–12 pg s−1), were obtained. The mechanisms of negative ion formation and breakdown were discussed in conjunction with the results that were achieved.
Automatic Community Discovery in Peer-to-Peer Systems (2006)

In many applications of peer-to-peer networks, such as information sharing and media streaming, a peer is much more likely to communicate with other peers with similar interests. Therefore, to optimize the structure of these systems, a good strategy is to form communities composed of peers with similar interests. In this paper, we propose a method to automatically identify a user's interests, and a distributed algorithm to discover communities based on the interests identified. We provide empirical results to demonstrate the correctness and efficiency of our algorithm
Sphere-based Information Visualization: Challenges and Benefits (2012)

Use of a sphere as a basis for organizing an information visualization should balance issues such as occlusion against potential useful benefits such as natural navigational affordances and perceptual connotations of an application.
BAMS2 workspace: A comprehensive and versatile neuroinformatic platform for collating and processing neuroanatomical connections (2014)

ABSTRACT We describe a novel neuroinformatic platform, the BAMS2 Workspace ( http://brancusi1.usc.edu ), designed for storing and processing information on gray matter region axonal connections. This de novo constructed module allows registered users to collate their data directly by using a simple and versatile visual interface. It also allows construction and analysis of sets of connections associated with gray matter region nomenclatures from any designated species. The Workspace includes a set of tools allowing the display of data in matrix and networks formats and the uploading of processed information in visual, PDF, CSV, and Excel formats. Finally, the Workspace can be accessed anonymously by third‐party systems to create individualized connectivity networks. All features of the BAMS2 Workspace are described in detail and are demonstrated with connectivity reports collated in BAMS and associated with the rat sensory‐motor cortex, medial frontal cortex, and amygdalar regions. J. Comp. Neurol. 522:3160–3176, 2014. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
BlowFish: dynamic storage-performance tradeoff in data stores (2016)

We present BlowFish, a distributed data store that admits a smooth tradeoff between storage and performance for point queries. What makes BlowFish unique is its ability to navigate along this tradeoff curve efficiently at fine-grained time scales with low computational overhead.

Achieving a smooth and dynamic storage-performance tradeoff enables a wide range of applications. We apply BlowFish to several such applications from real-world production clusters: (i) as a data recovery mechanism during failures: in practice, BlowFish requires 5.4× lower bandwidth and 2.5× lower repair time compared to state-of-the-art erasure codes, while reducing the storage cost of replication from 3× to 1.9×; and (ii) data stores with spatially-skewed and time-varying workloads (e.g., due to object popularity and/or transient failures): we show that navigating the storage-performance tradeoff achieves higher system-wide utility (e.g., throughput) than selectively caching hot objects.
Uplink Control for Low Latency HARQ in TDD Carrier Aggregation (2012)

A higher data rate and lower latency are two main features of Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-A). In order to support a higher peak data rate, carrier aggregation (CA) is implemented into LTE-A systems to provide sufficient bandwidth for data transmission. However, there is a problem in achieving lower latency. Time Division Duplexing (TDD) systems may not have a sufficient number of uplink subframes to transmit downlink hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ) feedback, which results in additional latency compared with Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) systems. In TDD CA systems, the downlink HARQ round trip time (RTT) of a component carrier (CC) is related to its TDD configuration. In this paper, a low latency downlink HARQ feedback method for TDD CA systems is proposed to shorten the transmission delay. The serving eNB determines whether to allocate the physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) to a new CC by comparing the downlink HARQ RTT of that CC to that of the primary cell. If the downlink HARQ RTT can be reduced, the eNB will allocate the PUCCH to this new CC. By using this method, the downlink HARQ RTT of TDD CA systems can be significantly reduced.