gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of Viscous Couplings for Traction Control in Passenger Cars (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">THIS ARTICLE DESCRIBES the wide range of potential applications of the viscous coupling, not only as a lock in two and four-wheel drive differentials, but also as an assembly that facilitates low-cost implementation of permanent four-wheel drive concepts with one directly driven axle. In such systems, the viscous coupling combines the functions of a locked transfer box and/or axle differential in a single component.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Operating according to the principle of fluid friction, the coupling represents a differential slip control: the linear to degressive dependence between locking torque and speed difference provides optimized torque distribution.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The article also describes a method of calculating the coupling's characteristic in advance. A max.-traction-characteristic is used to determine the coupling's dimensions at the early vehicle design stage. For handling and ABS-compatibility reasons a fine adjustment will be done later on by vehicle testing.</div>
Integration of ER stress, oxidative stress and the inflammatory response in health and disease. (2010)

There has been much effort to define the molecular basis by which pathophysiological stimuli initiate and/or propagate the inflammatory response. Recent research endeavors on stress response from a cellular organelle called the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) shed new light on the understating of the molecular basis of the inflammatory response and its interaction with other intracellular stress signaling pathways. As a protein folding compartment and dynamic calcium store, the ER plays major roles in sensing cellular stress and mediating highly-specific signaling pathways termed Unfolded Protein Response (UPR). The UPR signaling emanating from the ER has been identified as one of the avenues leading to the inflammatory response. The integration of ER stress, oxidative stress, and the inflammatory response is critical to the pathogenesis of a variety of diseases. In this brief review, we discuss some representative evidence for the integration of ER stress, oxidative stress, and inflammation in health and disease.
Xanthophyll Cycle Enzymes Are Members of the Lipocalin Family, the First Identified from Plants (1998)

Violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase catalyze the addition and removal of epoxide groups in carotenoids of the xanthophyll cycle in plants. The xanthophyll cycle is implicated in protecting the photosynthetic apparatus from excessive light. Two new sequences for violaxanthin de-epoxidase from tobacco and Arabidopsis are described. Although the mature proteins are well conserved, the transit peptides of these proteins are divergent, in contrast to transit peptides from other proteins targeted to the thylakoid lumen. Sequence analyses of both violaxanthin de-epoxidase and zeaxanthin epoxidase establish the xanthophyll cycle enzymes as members of the lipocalin family of proteins. The lipocalin family is a diverse group of proteins that bind small hydrophobic (lipophilic) molecules and share a conserved tertiary structure of eight beta-strands forming a barrel configuration. This is the first reported identification of lipocalin proteins in plants.
Complete Genome Sequence of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Strain JKD6008, an ST239 Clone of Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> with Intermediate-Level Vancomycin Resistance (2010)

We report here the complete 2.92-Mb genome sequence of a clinical isolate of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus that demonstrates intermediate-level vancomycin resistance. The strain, named JKD6008, belongs to multilocus sequence type 239 and was isolated from the bloodstream of a patient in New Zealand in 2003.
Survival and Histopathologic Characteristics of Human Melanocytic Nevi Transplanted to Athymic (Nude) Mice (1995)

Melanocytic nevi (n = 406) covering a range of sizes and gross morphologic features were excised from human donors, sampled for histologic diagnosis, and transplanted to athymic (nude) mice. Ninety percent of these xenografts survived transplantation, of which a subset was irradiated daily with ultraviolet light to promote neoplastic transformation. Over 16 weeks of observation, nearly all grafts histologically showed focal inflammatory cell infiltration and fibrosis, progressing in approximately 30% of grafts to complete regression at final observation. During the inflammatory phase, the nevi often had junctional intraepidermal melanocytic hyperplasia in a lentiginous pattern, with cytologic hypertrophy, dendritic morphology, and hypermelaninization. These changes were evident in approximately 20-30% of nevi where they were absent before transplantation, suggesting that host factors, such as those related to the immune response, had stimulated growth. Graft survival was independent of nevus size and initial histologic diagnosis. No melanomas developed in any of the grafts, either spontaneously or with ultraviolet irradiation. These results indicate that successful transplantation can be achieved in a high proportion of human nevus xenografts and that the majority survive for a period of time that would be sufficient for experimental studies. The host response, however, has effects on intraepidermal melanocytic growth that lead to progressive fibrous replacement of the nevus, introducing significant artifacts that compromise the model. Furthermore, malignant transformation of engrafted melanocytes seems to be a rare event, which would limit studies of neoplastic progression in the transplanted melanocytes. Nonetheless, the intraepidermal melanocytic pattern described here evidently constitutes one pattern of melanocyte growth that could be exploited experimentally for studies of growth and differentiation control in melanocytes.
Membrane-lined thermal storage systems (1981)

Background and advantages of membrane-lined liquid thermal storage are presented as well as surveys of existing projects and potential liner materials. Alternate structural enclosure designs are discussed for basement, crawl space, slab-on-grade foundation types, and optimal-cost designs are identified. 3 refs.
BR38, a New Ultrasound Blood Pool Agent (2011)

: BR38 shows a very good safety profile. It is characterized by a long persistence and low shadowing. BR38 is a promising ultrasound blood pool agent for noncardiac and cardiac applications including myocardial perfusion imaging.
THE EFFECTS OF BORON CONTENT ON THE MICROSTRUCTURE AND EXCHANGE COUPLING EFFECT OF Nd~Fe85.5-xB5+x MELT SPUN RIBBONS (1996)

The magnetic properties, phases transformations and microstructural evolution of Nd9.sFess.s-xBs+x(x=0, 1, 3 and 4) alloy ribbons have been investigated. Excellent magnetic properties with a B~11.7 kG, iH~6.6 kOe, (BH)max=18.7 MGOe and B~11.4 kG, iHc=6.3 kOe, (BH)max=19 MGOe, can be achieved in the alloys with x=O and 1, respectively, simply from direct quenching. For alloy ribbons with higher boron content (x=3 and 4), the magnetic properties degrade and are lower than that of the former even after subsequent annealing. From x-ray diffraction, TEM and magnetic analysis, the degradation of magnetic properties was found to result from the formation of Fe3B phase inside NdzFeiJB and a-Fe phases and to grain coarsening leading to the reduction of the exchange coupling effect between NdzFe14B and a-Fe or Fe3B phases.
Homogenous Dual-Processor core with Shared L1 Cache for Mobile Multimedia SoC (2007)

We propose a novel dual-processor core which adopts a shared L1 cache with active way scheme. In this scheme, each WAY of cache is owned by specific processor and replace operation is only happened to its own WAYs. This architecture only requires dual port TAG, and no dual port DATA memory to realize simultaneous access from both processors, and can guarantee no cache thrashing and no snoop overhead. And also by sharing cache memory and cache controller, power dissipation is 23% smaller in case of heavy load and area is 29 % smaller than dual processor core with snoop cache.
An Audio Architecture Integrating Sound and Live Voice for Virtual Environments (2002)

The purpose behind this thesis was to design and implement audio system architecture, both in hardware and in software, for use in virtual environments The hardware and software design requirements were aimed at implementing acoustical models, such as reverberation and occlusion, and live audio streaming to any simulation employing this architecture, Several free or open-source sound APIs were evaluated, and DirectSound3DTM was selected as the core component of the audio architecture, Creative Technology Ltd, Environmental Audio Extensions (EAXTM 3,0) were integrated into the architecture to provide environmental effects such as reverberation, occlusion, obstruction, and exclusion, Voice over IP (VoIP) technology was evaluated to provide live, streaming voice to any virtual environment DirectVoice was selected as the voice component of the VoIP architecture due to its integration with DirectSound3DTM, However, extremely high latency considerations with DirectVoice, and any other VoIP application or software, required further research into alternative live voice architectures for inclusion in virtual environments Ausim3D's GoldServe Audio System was evaluated and integrated into the hardware component of the audio architecture to provide an extremely low-latency, live, streaming voice capability.
Structure of the Oxidized Active Site of Galactose Oxidase from Realistic In Silico Models (2006)

A systematic in silico approach is employed to generate an accurate model for the catalytically important oxidized state of galactose oxidase (GO) using spectroscopically calibrated hybrid density-functional theory. GO displays three distinct oxidation states: oxidized [Cu(II)-Y*], semireduced [Cu(II)-Y], and fully reduced [Cu(I)-Y], but only the [Cu(II)-Y*] and the [Cu(I)-Y] states are assumed to be involved in catalysis. We have developed multiple models for the oxidized [Cu(II)-Y*] state, whose structure has not yet been fully characterized. These models were evaluated by comparison of calculated and experimental structural data, singlet-triplet energy gaps, and electronic transitions for the antiferromagnetically coupled oxidized [Cu(II)-Y*] state. An extended model system that includes explicit solvent molecules and second coordination sphere residues (R330, Y405, and W290) is essential to obtain the correct electronic structure of the active site. The model with all the residues that have been shown to affect the radical stability and catalysis resulted in a singlet ground state with the radical centered on the Y272-C228 cofactor. The optimized structure of the oxidized GO [Cu(II)-Y*] reveals a five-coordinated square pyramidal coordination geometry very similar to [Cu(II)-Y] with considerably different Cu-ligand distances. The hydrogen-bonding interactions involving Y495 modulates the spin density distribution and the singlet-triplet energy gaps. The final model as the most reasonable structure of the oxidized [Cu(II)-Y*] state in GO reproduces the spectroscopic signature of oxidized GO.
Isolation of tetracenomycin C-nonproducing Streptomyces glaucescens mutants (1986)

We analyzed the properties of tetracenomycin C (TcmC)-nonproducing mutants of Streptomyces glaucescens to establish the nature of pathway intermediates and to provide some information about the genetics of antitumor anthracycline antibiotic production. Using cosynthesis properties and metabolite accumulation data, we classified a collection of 34 TcmC-nonproducing strains into seven different groups. From this information, we deduced the positions of the tcm mutations in relation to a hypothetical TcmC biosynthetic pathway and suggest which pathway enzymes are affected by the different mutations.
Neuroprotective effects of vagus nerve stimulation on traumatic brain injury (2014)

Previous studies have shown that vagus nerve stimulation can improve the prognosis of traumatic brain injury. The aim of this study was to elucidate the mechanism of the neuroprotective effects of vagus nerve stimulation in rabbits with brain explosive injury. Rabbits with brain explosive injury received continuous stimulation (10 V, 5 Hz, 5 ms, 20 minutes) of the right cervical vagus nerve. Tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-10 concentrations were detected in serum and brain tissues, and water content in brain tissues was measured. Results showed that vagus nerve stimulation could reduce the degree of brain edema, decrease tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β concentrations, and increase interleukin-10 concentration after brain explosive injury in rabbits. These data suggest that vagus nerve stimulation may exert neuroprotective effects against explosive injury via regulating the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and interleukin-10 in the serum and brain tissue.
Energy harvesting for human wearable and implantable bio-sensors (2010)

There are clear trade-offs between functionality, battery lifetime and battery volume for wearable and implantable wireless-biosensors which energy harvesting devices may be able to overcome. Reliable energy harvesting has now become a reality for machine condition monitoring and is finding applications in chemical process plants, refineries and water treatment works. However, practical miniature devices that can harvest sufficient energy from the human body to power a wireless bio-sensor are still in their infancy. This paper reviews the options for human energy harvesting in order to determine power availability for harvester-powered body sensor networks. The main competing technologies for energy harvesting from the human body are inertial kinetic energy harvesting devices and thermoelectric devices. These devices are advantageous to some other types as they can be hermetically sealed. In this paper the fundamental limit to the power output of these devices is compared as a function of generator volume when attached to a human whilst walking and running. It is shown that the kinetic energy devices have the highest fundamental power limits in both cases. However, when a comparison is made between the devices using device effectivenesses figures from previously demonstrated prototypes presented in the literature, the thermal device is competitive with the kinetic energy harvesting device when the subject is running and achieves the highest power density when the subject is walking.
Extracellularly Activated Nanocarriers: A New Paradigm of Tumor Targeted Drug Delivery (2009)

One of the main goals of nanomedicine is to develop a nanocarrier that can selectively deliver anticancer drugs to the targeted tumors. Extensive efforts have resulted in several tumor-targeted nanocarriers, some of which are approved for clinical use. Most nanocarriers achieve tumor-selective accumulation through the enhanced permeability and retention effect. Targeting molecules such as antibodies, peptides, ligands, or nucleic acids attached to the nanocarriers further enhance their recognition and internalization by the target tissues. While both the stealth and targeting features are important for effective and selective drug delivery to the tumors, achieving both features simultaneously is often found to be difficult. Some of the recent targeting strategies have the potential to overcome this challenge. These strategies utilize the unique extracellular environment of tumors to change the long-circulating nanocarriers to release the drug or interact with cells in a tumor-specific manner. This review discusses the new targeting strategies with recent examples, which utilize the environmental stimuli to activate the nanocarriers. Traditional strategies for tumor-targeted nanocarriers are briefly discussed with an emphasis on their achievements and challenges.
BODIPY derivatives as donor materials for bulk heterojunction solar cells (2009)

BODIPY derivatives have been used as donor in solution-processed bulk heterojunction solar cells using PCBM as acceptor. A power conversion efficiency of 1.34% has been obtained under simulated solar irradiation.
Demonstrating Oxygen Loss and Associated Structural Reorganization in the Lithium Battery Cathode Li[Ni<sub>0.2</sub>Li<sub>0.2</sub>Mn<sub>0.6</sub>]O<sub>2</sub> (2006)

The cathode in rechargeable lithium-ion batteries operates by conventional intercalation; Li+ is extracted from LiCoO2 on charging accompanied by oxidation of Co3+ to Co4+; the process is reversed on discharge. In contrast, Li+ may be extracted from Mn4+-based solids, e.g., Li2MnO3, without oxidation of Mn4+. A mechanism involving simultaneous Li and O removal is often proposed. Here, we demonstrate directly, by in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry (DEMS), that O2 is evolved from such Mn4+ -containing compounds, Li[Ni(0.2)Li(0.2)Mn(0.6)]O2, on charging and using powder neutron diffraction show that O loss from the surface is accompanied by diffusion of transition metal ions from surface to bulk where they occupy vacancies created by Li removal. The composition of the compound moves toward MO(2). Understanding such unconventional Li extraction is important because Li-Mn-Ni-O compounds, irrespective of whether they contain Co, can, after O loss, store 200 mAhg(-1) of charge compared with 140 mAhg(-1) for LiCoO(2).
Identification of Specific Sites Involved in Ligand Binding by Photoaffinity Labeling of the Receptor for the Urokinase-Type Plasminogen Activator. Residues Located at Equivalent Positions in uPAR Domains I and III Participate in the Assembly of a Composite Ligand-Binding Site (1998)

Plasminogen activation by the urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) is facilitated in the presence of cells expressing the glycolipid-anchored high-affinity receptor for uPA (denoted uPAR). Structures involved in the interaction between human uPAR and a decamer peptide antagonist of uPA binding (SLNFSQYLWS) were previously tagged by specific site-directed photoaffinity labeling [Ploug, M., Østergaard, S., Hansen, L. B. L., Holm, A., and Danø, K. (1998) Biochemistry 37, 3612−3622]. Replacement of the key functional residues Phe4 and Trp9 with either benzophenone or (trifluoromethyl)aryldiazirine rendered this peptide antagonist photoactivatable, and as a consequence, it incorporated covalently upon photolysis into either uPAR domain I or domain III depending on the actual position of the photophore in the sequence. The residues of uPAR specifically targeted by photoaffinity labeling were identified by matrix-assisted laser desorption mass spectrometry, NH2-terminal sequence analysis, and amino acid composition analysis after enzymatic fragmentation and HPLC purification. According to these data, the formation of the receptor−ligand complex positions Phe4 of the peptide antagonist very close to Arg53 and Leu66 in uPAR domain I and Trp9 of the antagonist in the vicinity of His251 in uPAR domain III. The gross molecular arrangement of the deduced receptor−ligand interface provides a rational structural basis for the observed requirement for the intact multidomain state of uPAR for achieving high-affinity ligand binding, since according to this model ligand binding must rely on a close spatial proximity of uPAR domains I and III. In addition, these data suggest that the assembly of the composite ligand binding site in uPAR may resemble the homophilic interdomain dimerization of κ-bungarotoxin, a structural homologue of the Ly-6/uPAR domain family.
A System for Non-Intrusive Human Iris Acquisition and Identification. (1996)

An automated system for the non-intrusive acquisition of images of human irises for the purpose of identity verification is described. This system uses active machine vision techniques, and does not require the user to make any physical contact with the system, or to assume any particular pose except that he stand with his head within a designated calibrated volume. The system integrates a broad range of vision and control algorithms, and hence represents a major achievement in system integration. Currently, the system has been developed to the level of a robust prototype. It has been tested on over 600 people, and the results are impressive. A proposed use of the system is for identity verification at automatic teller machines to reduce the frequency of fraud. In this paper, the overall control structure of the system is delineated, and each of the algorithmic modules is described. Preliminary test results are reported and discussed. 1
Signaling pathways perturbing muscle mass (2010)

These findings will help to define strategies to treat cachexia.
Acupuncture for the induction of cervical dilatation in preparation for first-trimester abortion and its influence on HCG. (1985)

Cervical dilatation in preparation for first-trimester abortion using acupuncture at loci SP6 and LI4 was studied in 20 patients, who were compared to a control group in whom no preparation was used. Ninety percent of the patients had successful acupuncture procedures. As judged by Hegar dilators, the increase in cervical dilatation in those 18 patients was significantly greater than in the controls. No significant side effects were observed. The effect of acupuncture on serum human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) as a pregnancy marker was evaluated in 12 patients. No statistically significant difference in the change in HCG was noted in terms of the controls, indicating an absence of abortifacient activity with acupuncture.
A study of interpolation filter for MUSE decoder (1992)

The authors describe the results from a study of the construction of an interpolation filter, and the determination method for the tap coefficients for the multiple sub-Nyquist sampling encoding (MUSE) HDTV decoder. They examine the skew-symmetric interpolation filter, consider the necessary conditions, and describe the deduction of an equation for the skew-symmetric interpolation filter. The application of the filter is described for moving and stationary area interpolation, where good characteristics were obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Coenzyme Q10 improves mitochondrial respiration in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies. An in vivo study on brain and skeletal muscle by phosphorous magnetic resonance spectroscopy. (1997)

With phosphorus magnetic resonance spectroscopy (31P-MRS) we studied in vivo the effect of six-month coenzyme Q10 treatment on the efficiency of brain and skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration in six patients with different mitochondrial cytopathies. Before CoQ we found a low phosphocreatine content (average of 25% decrease from controls) in the occipital lobes of all patients. Calculated [ADP] and the relative rate of ATP synthesis were high (as an average, 57% and 16% above control group respectively), whereas the cytosolic phosphorylation potential was low (as an average, 60% of control value). 31P-MRS also revealed an average of 29% reduction of the mitochondrial function in the skeletal muscle of patients compared with controls. After a six-month treatment with 150 mg CoQ10/day all brain variables were remarkably improved in all patients, returning within the control range in all cases. Treatment with CoQ also improved the muscle mitochondrial functionality enough to reduce the average deficit to 56% of the control group. These in vivo findings show the beneficial effect of CoQ in patients with mitochondrial cytopathies, and are consistent with the view that increased CoQ concentration in the mitochondrial membrane increases the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation independently of enzyme deficit.
Image Decimation and Interpolation Techniques Based on Frequency Domain Analysis (1984)

A scheme for a spatial domain image data preprocessing decimation and postprocessing interpolation is presented. The scheme is implemented by appropriate FIR digital filters. Frequency and patial domain specifications are discussed in the design of the corresponding digital filters. Fast approximation techniques in the spatial domain are presented.