gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Airway-Resident Memory CD8 T Cells Provide Antigen-Specific Protection against Respiratory Virus Challenge through Rapid IFN-γ Production (2015)

CD8 airway resident memory T (TRM) cells are a distinctive TRM population with a high turnover rate and a unique phenotype influenced by their localization within the airways. Their role in mediating protective immunity to respiratory pathogens, although suggested by many studies, has not been directly proven. This study provides definitive evidence that airway CD8 TRM cells are sufficient to mediate protection against respiratory virus challenge. Despite being poorly cytolytic in vivo and failing to expand after encountering Ag, airway CD8 TRM cells rapidly express effector cytokines, with IFN-γ being produced most robustly. Notably, established airway CD8 TRM cells possess the ability to produce IFN-γ faster than systemic effector memory CD8 T cells. Furthermore, naive mice receiving intratracheal transfer of airway CD8 TRM cells lacking the ability to produce IFN-γ were less effective at controlling pathogen load upon heterologous challenge. This direct evidence of airway CD8 TRM cell-mediated protection demonstrates the importance of these cells as a first line of defense for optimal immunity against respiratory pathogens and suggests they should be considered in the development of future cell-mediated vaccines.
Confidence scalable post-silicon statistical delay prediction under process variations (2007)

Due to increased variability trends in nanoscale integrated circuits, statistical circuit analysis has become essential. We present a novel method for post-silicon analysis that gathers data from a small number of on-chip test structures, and combines this information with pre-silicon statistical timing analysis to obtain narrow, die-specific, timing PDFs. Experimental results show that for the benchmark suite being considered, taking all parameter variations into consideration, our approach can get a PDF with the standard deviation 83.5% smaller on average than the SSTA result. The approach is scalable to smaller test structure overheads.
Simultaneous breast augmentation and mastopexy (2003)

The results of combining breast augmentation and mastopexy are less predictable than those associated with mastopexy or augmentation mammoplasty alone. A method of breast skin envelope reduction is presented that allows the surgeon performing mastopexy to preview the final breast shape before committing to skin resection. This method, first described in 1978, has proven to be technically versatile and reproducible, and applicable not only to moderate (second degree) and severe (third degree) ptosis but also to simultaneous breast augmentation and mastopexy. For the combined procedures, the practical strategy proposed is first the implant placement through a periareolar incision, and a vertical transglandular incision, usually submusculofascial; second, restoring the gland anatomy by closing the muscularis and the vertical transglandular incision; third, skin envelope adjustment using the Tailor-Tack maneuver to accurately assure the best position of the nipple-areolar complex on the breast mound; fourth, skin incision, de-epithelialization and undermining; and finally, closure combining the the Purse-String maneuver with the vertical incision.
Effect of licorice compounds licochalcone A, glabridin and glycyrrhizic acid on growth and virulence properties of Candida albicans (2011)

Candida albicans is the predominant causal agent of candidiasis. Its ability to form hyphae and biofilm has been suggested to be key virulence factors. In this study, we investigated the effect of major licorice compounds licochalcone A, glabridin and glycyrrhizic acid on growth, biofilm formation and yeast-hyphal transition of C. albicans. The synergistic effect of licorice compounds with the antifungal drug nystatin was also evaluated. Minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for C. albicans were determined using a microplate dilution assay. The synergistic effect with nystatin was determined similarly. The effect of licorice compounds on biofilm formation was evaluated using a microplate assay and crystal violet staining. The effect of licorice compounds on yeast-hyphal transition was determined by microscopic observation. The toxicity of licorice compounds towards oral epithelial cells was evaluated with an MTT assay. Glabridin and licochalcone A showed antifungal activity on C. albicans while glycyrrhizic acid had no effect. Complete growth inhibition occurred with sub-inhibitory concentrations of nystatin with either glabridin or licochalcone A. Biofilm formation was inhibited by 35-60% in the presence of licochalcone A (0.2 μg ml(-1)). A strong inhibitory effect (>80%) on hyphal formation was observed with licochalcone A or glabridin (100 μg ml(-1)). Glabridin and licochalcone A at high concentrations showed toxicity towards oral epithelial cells. In summary, glabridin and licochalcone A are potent antifungal agents and may act in synergy with nystatin to inhibit growth of C. albicans. Licochalcone A has a significant effect on biofilm formation, while both licochalcone A and glabridin prevented yeast-hyphal transition in C. albicans. These results suggest a therapeutic potential of licochalcone A and glabridin for C. albicans oral infections.
Miniaturized Thermoelectric Power Sources (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Advanced thermoelectric microdevices integrated into thermal management packages and low power, electrical power source systems are of interest for a variety of space and terrestrial applications. By making use of macroscopic film technology, microgenerators operating across relatively small temperature differences can be conceptualized for a variety of high heat flux or low heat flux heat source configurations. The miniaturization of state-of-the-art thermoelectric module technology based on Bi<sub>2</sub>Te<sub>3</sub> alloys is limited due to mechanical and manufacturing constraints for thermoelement dimensions (100-200μm thick minimum) and number (100-200 legs maximum). We are developing novel thermoelectric microdevices combining high thermal conductivity substrate materials such as diamond or even silicon, thin film metallization and patterning technology, and electrochemical deposition of 10-50μm thick thermoelectric films. By shrinking the size of the thermoelements and increasing their number to several thousands in a single structure, these devices can generate high voltages even at low power outputs that are more compatible with electronic components. Miniature power systems taking advantage of waste heat sources or organic fuel heat sources and combined with energy storage devices for enhanced performance are particularly attractive for terrestrial applications. Some details about the fabrication of the miniature devices are described.</div>
High Voltage and High Switching Frequency Power-Supplies using a GaN-HEMT (2006)

This paper reports 13.56 MHz and 27.1 MHz class-E amplifiers with a high voltage GaN-HEMT as the main switching device showing the possibility of GaN-HEMTs in high frequency switching power applications such as RF power-supply applications. The 380 V/1.9 A GaN power-HEMT was designed and fabricated for high-voltage power electronics applications. The demonstrated 13.56 MHz circuit achieved the output power of 13.4 W and the power efficiency of 91 % under a drain-peak voltage as high as 330 V. For a 27.1 MHz circuit, the output power was 13.8 W with the efficiency of 89.6 %. These results show that high voltage GaN-devices are suitable for high frequency switching applications under high DC input voltages of over 100 V
Operadic Analysis of Distributed Systems (2015)

Establishing an assurance claim for a distributed safety critical system has proven extremely difficult. Developing and documenting the evidence needed to support a claim requires diverse models and abstractions of system properties to capture behaviors, understand error propagation, and evaluate the interactions with other systems and humans. The ability to scale and merge these diverse models and abstractions within a sound mathematical framework is the subject of this technical report. Category theory is one promising approach for this mathematical framework. A higher category theory known as operad theory is described and used to evaluate the effects of disruptions and failures of NextGen communication channels on the safe separation of aircraft within the National Airspace (NAS).
Chlamydial infections (third of three parts). (1978)

Neonatal Chlamydial InfectionsInclusion conjunctivitis of the newborn, also known as inclusion blennorrhea, is a chlamydial infection acquired by the neonate during passage through the birth canal. The incubation period is usually five to 14 days. Earlier onset is usually preceded by premature rupture of the membranes.44 In some cases, conjunctivitis observed since the first day of life is later diagnosed as inclusion conjunctivitis. It is likely that most of these cases reflect an earlier conjunctivitis, such as chemical conjunctivitis, preceding the development of inclusion conjunctivitis of the newborn. Credé prophylaxis has no known preventive effect . . .
Patient-Specific Mappings between Myocardial and Coronary Anatomy (2010)

The segmentation of the myocardium based on the 17-segment model as recommended by the American Heart Association is widely used in medical practice. The patient-specific coronary anatomy does not play a role in this model. Due to large variations in coronary anatomy among patients, this can result in an inaccurate mapping between myocardial segments and coronary arteries. We present two approaches to include the patient-specific coronary anatomy in this mapping. The first approach adapts the 17-segment model to fit the patient. The second approach generates a less constrained mapping that does not necessarily conform to this model. Both approaches are based on a Voronoi diagram computation of the primary coronary arteries using geodesic distances along the epicardium in three-dimensional space. We demonstrate both our approaches with several patients and show how our first approach can also be used to fit volume data to the 17-segment model. Our technique gives detailed insight into the coronary anatomy in a single diagram. Based on the feedback provided by clinical experts we conclude that it has the potential to provide a more accurate relation between deficiencies in the myocardium and the supplying coronary arteries.
Nonvolatile reversible capacitance changes through filament formation in a floating-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor with Ag/CeOx/Pt/HfOx/n-Si structure (2019)

Nonvolatile and reversible capacitance changes are demonstrated in a floating-gate metal-oxide-semiconductor (FG-MOS) capacitor with a Ag-control-gate/CeOx-control-oxide/Pt-floating-gate/HfOx-tunneling-oxide/n-Si structure. Different from the conventional floating-gate MOS field-effect-transistor (MOSFET) operating with a threshold voltage shift by electrical charging in the floating-gate (charge storage node), the proposed device operates with the change of gate oxide capacitance as one of the parameters determining the electrical properties of MOSFET. Applying positive voltage to the Ag control-gate forms a conducting filament in the Ag/CeOx/Pt stack and consequently increases the gate oxide capacitance. The accumulation capacitance increases from the capacitance of serial capacitors consisting of Ag/CeOx/Pt and Pt/HfOx/n-Si before the filament formation to that of a single capacitor of Pt/HfOx/n-Si after the filament formation. The capacitance is reversibly decreased to the initial value by rupturing the filament upon applying negative voltage. The change of capacitance is stable over time with the retention &gt;90% for 12 h of measured time. These noncharge-storage-based nonvolatile and reversible changes in the gate oxide capacitance through the filament formation would modulate the MOSFET properties with the advantages of better uniformity, superior immunity to the radiation, and less cross talk between adjacent devices for the application to nonvolatile memory and programmable logic devices.
Laser ablated coupling structures for optical printed circuit boards (2005)

We report on the cost effective fabrication of 45° micromirror couplers within single-mode polymer waveguides for achieving fully embedded board-level optoelectronic interconnections. Compatibility with existing board manufacturing technology is achieved by making use of polymers with high thermal stability. The sol-gel polymers behave as negative photo resist and waveguides are patterned by UV exposure. Micromirrors are fabricated using excimer laser ablation, a very flexible technology that is particularly well suited for structuring of polymers because of their excellent UV-absorption properties and highly non-thermal ablation behavior. A coupling structure based on total internal reflection (TIR) is enhanced by developing a process for embedding a metal coated 45° mirror in the optical layers. The mirrors are selectively metallized using a lift-off process. Filling up the angled via without the presence of air bubbles and providing a flat surface above the mirror is only possible by enhancing the cladding deposition process with ultrasound agitation. Surface roughness of both the mirrors and the upper cladding surface above the mirrors is investigated using a non-contact optical profiler. Initial loss measurements at 1.3 μm show a propagation loss of 0.62 dB/cm and an excess mirror loss of 1.55 dB. During most recent experiments mirror roughness has been reduced from 160 nm to 20 nm, which will seriously reduce the mirror loss.
What Should We Do with Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis? (2007)

The benefit of prophylactic carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for patients with asymptomatic severe carotid stenosis in the major randomised surgical studies was small, expensive and may now be absorbed by improvements in best practice medical intervention. Strategies to identify patients with high stroke risk are needed. If surgical intervention is to be considered the complication rates of individual surgeons should be available. Clinicians will differ in their interpretation of the same published data. Maintaining professional relationships with clinicians from different disciplines often involves compromise. As such, the management of a patient will, in part, depend on what kind of specialist the patient is referred to. The clinician's discussion with patients about this complex issue must be flexible to accommodate differing patient expectations. Ideally, patients prepared to undergo surgical procedures should be monitored in a trial setting or as part of an audited review process to increase our understanding of current practice outcomes.
Expression of Emmprin and matriptase in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: Correlation with clinicopathological parameters (2006)

Extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer (EMMPRIN) and the type II transmembrane serine protease, matriptase, are expressed in several human cancers and play an important role in tumor progression. The aim of the present study was to investigate the immuno-staining patterns of EMMPRIN and matriptase in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) and correlate the percentage tumor staining with tumor differentiation and clinical parameters. EMMPRIN and matriptase immunoreactivity was seen on the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm of tumor cells in all 41 cases of esophageal SCC evaluated. The percentage tumor staining of EMMPRIN was 48 +/- 3% for well differentiated, 73 +/- 3% for moderately differentiated, and 92 +/- 3% for poorly differentiated esophageal SCC. Higher percentage tumor staining with EMMPRIN correlated significantly with poorly differentiated esophageal SCC (P < 0.05). The percentage tumor staining with matriptase correlated significantly with tumor differentiation (52 +/- 3% for well differentiated, 85 +/- 2% for moderately differentiated, and 88 +/- 3% for poorly differentiated esophageal SCC). Additionally, higher percentage tumor staining with matriptase was significantly correlated with the advanced N and M stages (P < 0.05). Our results demonstrate that EMMPRIN and matriptase are over-expressed in esophageal SCC and are correlated with advanced clinicopathological stages. Pharmacological agents targeting EMMPRIN and matriptase expressions may be beneficial in the treatment of esophageal SCC.
A new sheathless electrospray interface for coupling of capillary electrophoresis to ion‐trap mass spectrometry (2002)

A simple laboratory-made sheathless electrospray interface for coupling of capillary electrophoresis to ion-trap mass spectrometry (CE/MS) was developed. The interface was machined in-house and it was designed to be freely interchangeable with the commercially available ionization sources for the mass spectrometer. Sharpened fused-silica capillaries were coated with nickel by a simple electrodeless plating procedure and were used as all-in-one columns/emitters. The electrodeless plating produced a 2-5- micro m thick smooth nickel layer that lasted for more than 8 h of continuous electrospraying. The performance of the CE/MS interface was examined by using four cationic imipramine derivatives as test substances. Relative detection limits were calculated on the basis of the extracted ion electrophorograms and were in the range 6-130 nmol/L, corresponding to absolute detection limits in the range of 20-400 amol. The system was applied for analysis of impurities in an impure imipramine N-oxide preparation, and two of the impurities could be identified on the basis of online-MS(MS) spectra recorded in scan-dependent mode.
ChemInform Abstract: TUMOR INHIBITORS PART 96, NOVEL MAYTANSINOIDS, STRUCTURAL INTERRELATIONS AND REQUIREMENTS FOR ANTILEUKEMIC ACTIVITY (1974)

Abstract Isolierung, Strukturaufklärung und chemische Beziehungen von 4 neuen Maytansinoiden aus Maytenus buchananii.
Posttraumatic stress in adolescents (1994)

Physically abused adolescents are more likely to develop behavioral and social difficulties than symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), according to a study in the March/April Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. Although PTSD often is diagnosed in victims of sexual abuse, physically abused adolescents often regard beatings as a normal part of daily life in an environment dominated by violence, researchers stated.
Autophagy of Sensory Neurons in the Trigeminal and Dorsal Root Ganglia of Cynomolgus Monkeys (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>) (2019)

Although necrosis and apoptosis are uncommon, autophagy of sensory neurons (ASN) in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia is a very common, spontaneous finding in cynomolgus monkeys (<i>Macaca fascicularis</i>). Data from one author's (Butt) laboratory showed 12 of 22 studies (year range 2017 to 2019) that included the evaluation of sensory ganglia from cynomolgus monkeys had at least one control animal with ASN. Autophagy of sensory neurons is characterized by a distinct cell membrane, cytoplasm filled with autolysosomes, disintegrated nuclear membrane, and/or globules of degraded chromatin. Since these changes are consistent with autophagy and indicate an irreversible state, a diagnosis of autophagy is preferred instead of necrosis or degeneration. Sensory ganglia are not commonly evaluated in nonclinical toxicology investigations so many pathologists may be unaware of this common change. Especially due to the typically small group size of monkey studies, the observation of this change in sensory ganglia may lead to a faulty interpretation that this change is due to the test article. This article describes the light microscopic and ultrastructural characteristics of neuronal autophagy in trigeminal and dorsal root ganglia and provides historical control data of the incidence of this change in cynomolgus monkeys.
Assessment of a New One-Layer Adhesive Bandaging Method in Maintaining Prolonged Limb Compression and Effects on Venous Ulcer Healing (1992)

Objective: To evaluate the effective duration of compression of acrylic adhesive bandaging compared to non-adhesive bandaging and to compare rate of venous ulcer healing using one layer adhesive bandaging as compared to standard three layer bandaging. Design: The first trial involved patients who had undergone bilateral operations for varicose veins. Adhesive acrylate bandage was applied to the experimental limb and non-adhesive crepe to the control limb. The second trial involved patients with venous ulcers randomly allocated to two groups. The experimental group used the one layer acrylic adhesive bandage whilst the control was treated by the three layer bandage technique (zinc oxide paste bandage followed by a non-adhesive compression bandage and tubular overlay). Setting: Hospital patients in the first trial and clinic patients in the second. Patients, participants: First trial, 11 patients with bilateral varicose veins of which 10 completed. Second trial, 15 patients in the experimental group and 12 patients in the control group all of which completed. Results: Non-adhesive bandaging lost effective compression after 24 hours. Acrylic adhesive bandage maintained effective compression after 1 week. The rate of venous ulcer healing was similar between the one layer adhesive bandage group and three layer group. One layer adhesive bandaging took only one quarter of the time to apply (p<0.01%). Conclusions: Adhesive bandaging produced more effective sustained compression than non-adhesive crepe. Adhesive bandaging was as effective as the currently used three layer bandaging technique in healing venous ulcers and was quicker to apply.
A Near-Infrared Digital Camera in Polycrystalline Germanium Integrated on Silicon (2007)

We report on the first silicon-integrated 2-D light-sensitive array equipped with complementary-metal-oxide-semiconductor addressing and readout electronics and operating in the near infrared. The chip includes 64 times 8 pixels, 64 analog-to-digital converters, cancellation circuitry for dark current, and facilities for test/calibration. We describe its architecture and fabrication, its electronic and optoelectronic characterization, as well as its operation as a near-infrared camera
Successful ultraviolet B treatment of psoriasis is accompanied by a reversal of keratinocyte pathology and by selective depletion of intraepidermal T cells. (1995)

Skin irradiation with ultraviolet B (UVB) is a common and often durable treatment for psoriasis and other inflammatory skin disorders. We studied the effects of UVB on keratinocytes and leukocytes in psoriatic tissue and in culture. In nine patients treated repetitively, most of the cellular and molecular changes that typify the psoriatic epidermis reverted to normal. Keratinocyte hyperplasia, assessed by expression of the Ki-67 cell cycle antigen, decreased by 70%, and residual cell proliferation was appropriately confined to the basal layer. Epidermal thickening was reduced by 60%, and a granular layer reformed. Expression of keratin 16, as well as suprabasal integrin alpha 3 and insulin-like growth factor-1 receptors, was eliminated, whereas filagrin increased markedly. UVB also depleted > 90% of the CD3+, CD8+, and CD25+ T cells from the psoriatic epidermis, whereas dermal T cells were only minimally depressed. The latter finding parallels the known inability of these doses of UVB to penetrate the dermis. In tissue culture, UVB was antiproliferative and cytotoxic toward T cells and keratinocytes, but the T cells were 10-fold more sensitive. Furthermore, low doses of UVB induced apoptosis in lymphocytes but not keratinocytes, as detected by the TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling) technique. The selective effects of UVB on intraepidermal T cells in situ and in culture support the hypothesis that epidermal alterations in psoriasis can be normalized by a depletion of activated intraepidermal T cells.