gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
GW9662, a potent antagonist of PPAR<i>γ</i>, inhibits growth of breast tumour cells and promotes the anticancer effects of the PPAR<i>γ</i> agonist rosiglitazone, independently of PPAR<i>γ</i> activation (2004)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma), a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily, is activated by several compounds, including the thiazolidinediones. In addition to being a therapeutic target for obesity, hypolipidaemia and diabetes, perturbation of PPARgamma signalling is now believed to be a strategy for treatment of several cancers, including breast. Although differential expression of PPARgamma is observed in tumours compared to normal tissues and PPARgamma agonists have been shown to inhibit tumour cell growth and survival, the interdependence of these observations is unclear. This study demonstrated that the potent, irreversible and selective PPARgamma antagonist GW9662 prevented activation of PPARgamma and inhibited growth of human mammary tumour cell lines. Controversially, GW9662 prevented rosiglitazone-mediated PPARgamma activation, but enhanced rather than reversed rosiglitazone-induced growth inhibition. As such, these data support the existence of PPARgamma-independent pathways and question the central belief that PPARgamma ligands mediate their anticancer effects via activation of PPARgamma.
Induction of Cdk5 activity in rat skeletal muscle after nerve injury (2002)

Cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) was originally identified as a serine/threonine kinase and subsequently demonstrated to play a critical role in the development of CNS. We recently reported the novel function of Cdk5 in the neuregulin signaling pathway during the development of neuromuscular junction (NMJ). Here, we report the regulation of Cdk5 and p35 in rat skeletal muscle after nerve injury. Northern blot analysis revealed that Cdk5 and p35 transcripts were up-regulated in muscle after nerve denervation. The temporal profiles for the regulation of Cdk5 and p35 transcripts were different, suggesting that these changes in gene transcription might be regulated by different mechanism. Our finding on the ability of tetrodotoxin to induce p35 transcript in muscle suggested that electrical activity could regulate p35 expression. In addition to the induction of mRNA expression, the total Cdk5 and p35-associated kinase activity in muscle increased prominently after nerve denervation. Taken together, our findings suggest that Cdk5 and p35 may play important physiological roles in muscle regeneration following nerve injury.
Quantitative imaging of magnetization transfer parameters in vivo using MRI (2000)

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Heparan/chondroitin/dermatan sulfate primer 2-(6-hydroxynaphthyl)-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside preferentially inhibits growth of transformed cells. (1998)

Xylose forms the direct carbohydrate-protein link in extra- or pericellular proteoglycans (PGs) that are substituted with either chondroitin sulfate (CS)/dermatan sulfate (DS) and/or heparan sulfate (HS). Cell surface PGs carrying HS are important regulators of cell growth. Xylose coupled to an aromatic compound can enter cells and initiate either CS/DS synthesis or both HS and CS/DS synthesis, depending on the nature of the aromatic adduct. Here, we show that 2-(6-hydroxynaphthyl)-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside, which can prime both types of glycan chains, inhibits growth of a set of normal and transformed cells. Transformed cells are preferentially inhibited, and at a concentration of 0.15-0.20 mM xyloside, transformed cells are totally growth arrested, whereas normal cells are only < or = 50% inhibited. No inhibition of growth is observed with the stereoisomeric 2-(6-hydroxynaphthyl)-O-beta-L-xylopyranoside, which does not prime glycosaminoglycan synthesis at all; with the nonhydroxylated 2-naphthyl-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside, which only primes CS/DS synthesis under these conditions; or with p-nitrophenyl-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside, which is known to prime only CS/DS synthesis. We conclude that growth inhibition is due to priming of HS and/or CS/DS synthesis, which may either lead to the formation of specific antiproliferative glycans or glycan fragments or to interference with endogenous PG synthesis and turnover.
Spatial solitary-wave optical memory (1990)

We consider some features of spatial solitary-wave switching in a unidirectional ring cavity that is partially filled with a fast and saturably self-focusing nonlinear medium. Large (part-beam switched) solitary arrays are considered. It is found that prescribed binary patterns may be encoded in the duration of a single cavity transit and subsequently remain stable over thousands of transits. Beam interrupt allows pixels to be switched off in fewer than ten cavity transits. Pixel instabilities on an unpixelated beam are shown to arise from spatial solitary attractive forces and intensity gradients.
Physics-Based Features for Anomaly Detection in Power Grids with Micro-PMUs (2018)

The expansion of monitoring systems for power grids from the traditional transmission lines to include the distribution grid - closer to the end-user - is largely due to the advance in electrical monitoring devices and their increasing affordability. This paradigm-shift benefits from new algorithms that can be implemented at the grid edge (as opposed to the transmission grid) to detect anomalies faster, more efficiently, and in real-time. Micro-PMUs (μ-PMUs) are phasor measurement units that can be placed on the distribution lines to provide real-time data about the state of the grid and can detect fast transients. In this paper, we use data from (μ-PMUs to engineer physics-based features for a novel anomaly detection algorithm that detects anomalies based on the transient properties of the power grid. This allows for a more capable, agile, and reliable anomaly scoring system that can learn normal behavior patterns and detect anomalous behavior efficiently. We show that by combining the classical data-based approaches with physics-based features in the anomaly detection algorithm, the machine learning algorithm proposed is capable of detecting different classes of anomalies (such as edge devices on-off attacks, single line-to-ground (SLG) faults, etc.). Simulation results on IEEE 34-node test feeder show that we can achieve better detection performance than traditional techniques for a broader class of anomalies.
Phase II Study of Weekly Docetaxel and Trastuzumab for Patients With HER-2–Overexpressing Metastatic Breast Cancer (2002)

Weekly docetaxel and trastuzumab is an active combination for treating patients with HER-2-overexpressing metastatic breast cancer. Serum HER-2 ECD testing may be a promising method for monitoring patients on trastuzumab-based therapy.
Digital library services in mobile computing (1995)

Digital libraries bring about the integration, management, and communication of gigabytes of multimedia data in a distributed environment. Digital library systems currently envision users as being static when they access information. But it is expected in the near future that tens of millions of users will have access to a digital library through wireless access. Providing digital library services to users whose location is constantly changing, whose network connections are through a wireless medium, and whose computing power is low necessitates modifications to existing digital library systems. In this paper, we identify the issues that arise when users are mobile, classify queries that are specific to mobile users and introduce an architecture that supports flexible and transparent access to digital libraries for mobile users. The main features of the architecture include a layered data representation, support of adaptability, dual broadcast and on demand querying, caching, and mobile-specific user interfaces.
Estradiol Augments while Tamoxifen Inhibits Rat Mast Cell Secretion (1992)

Mast cells have been studied extensively for their involvement in allergic reactions, where they secrete numerous powerful mediators in response to immunoglobulin E and specific antigens. However, they are also triggered by neuropeptides, they have been found in close contact with neurons, and they are activated in diseases such as angioedema, interstitial cystitis and irritable bowel disease, the prevalence of which is much higher in women. When tested on purified rat peritoneal mast cells, 17 beta-estradiol augmented secretion of histamine and serotonin, starting at 1 microM and in a dose-dependent manner, whether stimulated by the mast cell secretagogue compound 48/80 or the neuropeptide substance P. However, 17 beta-estradiol did not augment mast cell secretion stimulated by immunoglobulin E and specific antiserum indicating that immunologic stimulation is under different regulation. Testosterone inhibited secretion induced by compound 48/80. Tamoxifen, an estrogen receptor antagonist used in the treatment of breast cancer, inhibited serotonin and histamine release from purified rat peritoneal mast cells triggered by compound 48/80 or substance P. Tamoxifen also inhibited the increase in intracellular free Ca2+ originating from an influx of extracellular Ca2+ in response to compound 48/80. Moreover, tamoxifen antagonized the synergistic effect of phorbol myristate and the cation ionophore A23187 on mast cell secretion, suggesting that tamoxifen's inhibition may be due to regulation of protein kinase C activity. Tamoxifen may, therefore, have a beneficial effect in other neuroimmunoendocrine disorders both through estrogen receptor blockade and inhibition of mast cell secretion.
Asymmetric reduction of 7,8‐difluoro‐3‐methyl‐2<i>H</i>‐1,4‐benzoxazine. Synthesis of a key intermediate of (<i>S</i>)‐(‐)‐ofloxacin (DR‐3355) (1991)

Abstract An efficient, highly enantioselective synthesis of ( S )‐(‐)‐7,8‐difluoro‐2,3‐dihydro‐3‐methyl‐4 H ‐1,4‐benzoxazine, a key intermediate of ( S )‐(‐)‐ofloxacin, using various chiral sodium triacyloxyborohydrides as reducing agents is reported.
Effects of Aβ immunization (AN1792) on MRI measures of cerebral volume in Alzheimer disease (2005)

A dissociation between brain volume loss and cognitive function was observed in AN1792/QS-21 antibody responders. The reasons for this remain unclear but include the possibility that volume changes were due to amyloid removal and associated cerebral fluid shifts.
Solubilization and characterization of the chicken oocyte vitellogenin receptor (1988)

This paper describes the biochemical characterization of the chicken oocyte plasma-membrane receptor for one of the major lipid-carrying yolk proteins, vitellogenin (VTG). The receptor was extracted from oocyte membranes with the non-ionic detergent octyl-beta-D-glucoside and visualized by ligand blotting, with 125I-VTG as a protein with an apparent Mr of 96000, under non-reducing conditions. It exhibited high affinity for native chicken VTG (Kd 2 X 10(-7) M) but was unable to bind VTG with reductively methylated lysine residues or phosvitin (the phosphoserine-rich intracellular cleavage product of VTG). Polyclonal antibodies to the 96 kDa protein inhibited VTG binding to the receptor and were able to precipitate functional VTG-receptor activity from oocyte-membrane detergent extracts with a concomitant removal of the 96 kDa protein. Antibodies directed against the mammalian receptor for low-density lipoprotein showed cross-reactivity with the chicken oocyte VTG receptor, raising the possibility that lipoprotein receptors in birds are structurally related to those in mammalian species.
Dystrophin Dp71 gene deletion induces retinal vascular inflammation and capillary degeneration (2015)

We have previously shown that the deletion of the dystrophin Dp71 gene induces a highly permeable blood-retinal barrier (BRB). Given that BRB breakdown is involved in retinal inflammation and the pathophysiology of many blinding eye diseases, here we investigated whether the absence of Dp71 brings out retinal vascular inflammation and vessel loss by using specific Dp71-null mice. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), quantified by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods, was higher in the retina of Dp71-null mice than in wild-type mice. In contrast, no differences were observed in VEGFR-2 and tumor necrosis factor-α expression. Moreover, mRNA expression of water channel, aquaporin 4 (AQP4) was increased after Dp71 deletion. The Dp71 deletion was also associated with the overexpression of intercellular adhesion molecule 1, which is expressed on endothelial cells surface to recruit leukocytes. Consistent with these findings, the total number of adherent leukocytes per retina, assessed after perfusion with fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated concanavalin A, was increased in the absence of Dp71. Finally, a significant increase in capillary degeneration quantified after retinal trypsin digestion was observed in mice lacking Dp71. These data illustrate for the first time that the deletion of Dp71 was associated with retinal vascular inflammation, vascular lesions with increased leukocyte adhesion and capillary degeneration. Thus, dystrophin Dp71 could play a critical role in retinal vascular inflammation disease, and therefore represent a potential therapeutic target.
Cerebral Cortical Representation of Automatic and Volitional Swallowing in Humans (2001)

Although the cerebral cortex has been implicated in the control of swallowing, the functional organization of the human cortical swallowing representation has not been fully documented. Therefore, the present study determined the cortical representation of swallowing in fourteen healthy right-handed female subjects using single-event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Subjects were scanned during three swallowing activation tasks: a naïve saliva swallow, a voluntary saliva swallow, and a water bolus swallow. Swallow-related laryngeal movement was recorded simultaneously from the output of a bellows positioned over the thyroid cartilage. Statistical maps were generated by computing the difference between the magnitude of the voxel time course during 1) a single swallowing trial and 2) the corresponding control period. Automatic and volitional swallowing produced activation within several common cortical regions, the most prominent and consistent being located within the lateral precentral gyrus, lateral postcentral gyrus, and right insula. Activation foci within the superior temporal gyrus, middle and inferior frontal gyri, and frontal operculum also were identified for all swallowing tasks. In contrast, activation of the caudal anterior cingulate cortex was significantly more likely in association with the voluntary saliva swallow and water bolus swallow than the naïve swallow. These findings support the view that, in addition to known brain stem areas, human swallowing is represented within a number of spatially and functionally distinct cortical loci which may participate differentially in the regulation of swallowing. Activation of the insula was significantly lateralized to the right hemisphere for the voluntary saliva swallow, suggesting a functional hemispheric dominance of the insula for the processing of swallowing.
Anthropogenic features influencing occurrence of Black Vultures (<i>Coragyps atratus</i>) and Turkey Vultures (<i>Cathartes aura</i>) in an urban area in central Amazonian Brazil (2015)

Recent increases in Black Vulture (Coragyps atratus) and Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura) numbers, particularly in urban–suburban settings, have led to more frequent human–vulture interactions, including vulture–aircraft strikes. This problem highlights the need for vulture management strategies, including determining habitat use by these species in urban settings. We investigated the effects of structures and landscape features on habitat use by Black and Turkey vultures in and around the city of Manaus in central Amazonian Brazil. We repeatedly surveyed 80 sites (3–9 visits per site in 2009–2010) and used detection histories to derive maximum-likelihood estimates of (1) vulture occurrence and detection probabilities and (2) environmental covariate effects on occupancy. Hierarchical logistic models showed that Black Vultures were associated with urban features such as open garbage containers and streams, but Turkey Vultures were associated with forest fragments. These results suggest that Black Vultures select environments where the food supply is abundant, whereas Turkey Vultures may avoid sites that attract Black Vultures in favor of forest remnants, a habitat for which they have specific foraging adaptations. Black Vulture management should focus on reducing the amount of food waste available to the birds in urban open garbage containers and streams, but Turkey Vulture management could be improved through removal of animal carcasses, and perhaps also removal of nests and roosts from forest remnants, especially near airfields.
Charge carrier generation, transport, and trapping in a photoconductive conjugated polymer: Polyphenylacetylene (1982)

Dark currents and photocurrents were measured in 3–6-μm-thick films of polyphenylacetylene (PPA) and of iodine-doped PPA. In undoped PPA, Schottky–Richardson injection from the electrodes is observed and holes are strongly trapped. Defect states exert a major control over dark currents and photocurrents. The photoconductivity action spectrum shows a good response in the red at energies well below the absorption edge. We conclude that undoped PPA is capable of trap-modulated electron transport through states in the band gap. Doping with iodine enhances photocurrents through charge transfer interaction.
Assignment of the Groundwater Level at the Leachate Collection Pipe for the Waste Landfill Groundwater Simulation: Combination of the Two Dimensional Saturated - Unsaturated Vertical and Horizontal Groundwater Flow Model (2009)

The landfill construction has caused many negative impacts on the surrounding environment, particularly groundwater. Evaluation of the function of the leachate collection pipe at the landfill site is indispensable for managing the landfill operation. 3D groundwater flow simulation may be applicable but it requires much capacity of computer and time consumption comparing with 2D groundwater flow simulation due to the huge calculations. Therefore, the 2D horizontal groundwater flow simulation (2Dh) was carried out. However, the most difficulty is the assignment of the groundwater head at the leachate collection pipe buried for leachate drainage. Therefore, in the present paper the 2D vertical model (2Dv) was applied to calculate the change of groundwater table above the leachate collection pipe. This paper paid attention to examine the validation of the assignment of the leachate collection pipe boundary by applying the results of the 2Dv. The 2Dh was coupled with the rainwater recharge model to solve the partial differential equation of groundwater flow. Finite difference method and iterative successive over relaxation were applied. The drainage volume of leachate collection was summed up in the whole landfill site and compared with the average volume of treated waste water. The study demonstrated that the groundwater level at the vicinity of the drainage pipe in the 2Dv analysis is reasonably assigned for the 2Dh.
How fluent is your interface? (1993)

To successfully build bridges between worlds, user interface designers must increase their awareness of cross-cultural differences, and make changes to the traditional software development process. Creating fluent interfaces for international markets goes beyond translating text and date, time, and number formats. This paper presents and explains a cross-cultural checklist of issues including text, local formats, images, symbols, colors, flow, and product functionality. Suggestions for an effective international product development cycle are provided. The suggested development cycle incorporates international design feedback and usability testing before the initial product is released.
Dynamic Tray Model To Predict Start-Up Transients in Concentrated Absorbers (2000)

In the presence of a sink, a gas stream with high solute concentration can undergo large decreases in pressure and flow rate because of the transfer of solute. This behavior has been observed during the loading of concentrated gas adsorbers. In this paper we introduce a dynamic tray model capable of predicting gas-phase transients during the start-up of concentrated absorbers. The model accounts for gas holdup and pressure, solvent evaporation, weeping, entrainment, and downcomer holdup. The main assumptions in the model are equilibrium trays, well-mixed gas and liquid phases, and ideal gas behavior. Simulation results for the absorption of concentrated HCl gas in water and concentrated NH3 gas in water are discussed. Predictions with the model reveal severe flow and pressure transients capable of inducing excessive weeping. An alternate start-up procedure to reduce transient weeping is discussed.
Configurable, Mixed-Initiative Systems for Planning and Scheduling (1996)

This paper discusses work aimed at accelerating the construction and introduction of planning and scheduling systems in complex application domains. We begin by outlining our basic perspective on planning and scheduling, and our assumptions about the requirements and characteristics of practical planning and scheduling problems. This leads to a particular constraint-based solution framework, and a specific architecture for configuring application systems. We describe OZONE, a planning and scheduling toolkit that implements these ideas, and give examples from different application building efforts that illustrate the efficacy of the approach. 1 Introduction Research has demonstrated the potential of knowledgebased planning and scheduling techniques in complex, practical domains where decision-making must face issues of scale and complexity, diversity in planning and scheduling constraints, executional uncertainty and multiple decision-making agents.(Zweben &amp; Fox 1994) Yet, use of thes...
Relationship between the stress and bonding properties of amorphous SiN<i>x</i>:H films (1992)

Amorphous SiNx:H (a-SiNx:H) films were deposited at 300 °C on single-crystal Si and fused quartz substrates using SiH4-NH3 mixtures. The stress and vibrational absorption were investigated as a function of the N content x. Increased tensile stress subsequent to a reduction in the compressive stress with increasing x was observed. From the values of stress determined for films on two different substrates, values of Y/(1−ν) for a-SiNx:H films were estimated, where Y is Young’s modulus and ν the Poisson ratio. The values of Y/(1−ν) rapidly decreased with an increase in x, from 4.2×1012 dyn/cm2 for a-Si:H films to about 2.5×1011 dyn/cm2 for a-SiNx:H films having x above 1.0. It was found that the measured tensile stress in a-SiNx:H films for high x above 1.0 was caused by the intrinsic stress, and that incorporated NH bonds act to relax the intrinsic stress. These results were discussed in terms of the change in the bonding configuration as a function of x, based on a modified random bonding model.