gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integrin-regulated Secretion of Interleukin 4: A Novel Pathway of Mechanotransduction in Human Articular Chondrocytes (1999)

Chondrocyte function is regulated partly by mechanical stimulation. Optimal mechanical stimulation maintains articular cartilage integrity, whereas abnormal mechanical stimulation results in development and progression of osteoarthritis (OA). The responses of signal transduction pathways in human articular chondrocytes (HAC) to mechanical stimuli remain unclear. Previous work has shown the involvement of integrins and integrin-associated signaling pathways in activation of plasma membrane apamin-sensitive Ca2+-activated K+ channels that results in membrane hyperpolarization of HAC after 0. 33 Hz cyclical mechanical stimulation. To further investigate mechanotransduction pathways in HAC and show that the hyperpolarization response to mechanical stimulation is a result of an integrin-dependent release of a transferable secreted factor, we used this response. Neutralizing antibodies to interleukin 4 (IL-4) and IL-4 receptor alpha inhibit mechanically induced membrane hyperpolarization and anti-IL-4 antibodies neutralize the hyperpolarizing activity of medium from mechanically stimulated cells. Antibodies to interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta) and cytokine receptors, interleukin 1 receptor type I and the common gamma chain/CD132 (gamma) have no effect on me- chanically induced membrane hyperpolarization. Chondrocytes from IL-4 knockout mice fail to show a membrane hyperpolarization response to cyclical mechanical stimulation. Mechanically induced release of the chondroprotective cytokine IL-4 from HAC with subsequent autocrine/paracrine activity is likely to be an important regulatory pathway in the maintenance of articular cartilage structure and function. Finally, dysfunction of this pathway may be implicated in OA.
Full-Wave Spectral Analysis and Design of Annular Patch Antenna With Electromagnetically Coupled Microstrip Feed Line (2004)

This paper presents a full-wave analysis, and the ensuing design considerations, of the annular patch antenna fed by an electromagnetically coupled microstrip line. The numerical analysis employs the spectral domain version of the integral equation, with the method of moments formulation; the basis functions on the ring patch are the eigenmodes of the corresponding magnetic wall cavity, and subsectional (rooftop) functions are employed on the access line. Both TM and TE modes are used, along with more-efficient "collective" solenoidal modes; mode sorting criteria are given to ensure uniform convergence. Efficient schemes are presented for the calculation of the spectral-domain reaction integrals, along with criteria to avoid calculation of negligible mode-to-mode couplings, based on the spectral analysis of the matrix condition number. Very good agreement is shown with measured data, and design considerations are given for matching the radiator.
Loss performance analysis of an ATM multiplexer loaded with high-speed on-off sources (1991)

The performance of an asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) multiplexer whose input consists of the superposition of a multiplicity of homogeneous on-off sources modeled by a two-state Markovian process is studied. The approach is based on the approximation of the actual input process by means of a suitably chosen two-state Markov modulated Poisson process (MMPP), as a simple and effective choice for the representation of superposition arrival streams. To evaluate the cell loss performance, a new matching procedure that leads to accurate results compared to simulation is developed. The application limits of the proposed method are also discussed. The outstanding physical meaning of this procedure permits a deep insight into the multiplexer performance behavior as the source parameters and the multiplexer buffer size are varied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Survival of anti-Clostridium difficile bovine immunoglobulin concentrate in the human gastrointestinal tract (1997)

To be therapeutically active, oral hyperimmune bovine immunoglobulin concentrate (BIC) must survive its passage through the intestinal tract. This led us to study the gastrointestinal stability of orally administered BIC directed against Clostridium difficile toxins (BIC-C. difficile). BIC-C. difficile was stable at neutral pH in vitro but was degraded at low pH, particularly in the presence of pepsin. Healthy volunteers (n = 6) took BIC-C. difficile (45 or 8 g) as a single oral dose. Total bovine immunoglobulin G (IgG) and specific anti-C. difficile IgG were measured in the stool. BIC was given under the following conditions: in the fasting state, in the fed state, with antacid, during omeprazole therapy, or in enteric capsules (released at pH > 6). The mean fecal bovine IgG content of 3-day stool collections was similar in the fasting (536 mg; 3.8% of the ingested dose of BIC), fed (221 mg; 1.6%), and antacid (381 mg; 2.7%) groups. Omeprazole therapy was associated with increased fecal bovine IgG levels (1253 mg; 8.8%), but this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.07). Administration of 8 g of BIC-C. difficile in enteric capsules resulted in substantially higher fecal bovine IgG levels (1,124 mg; 32.7% of the oral dose) than those obtained after administration of nonencapsulated BIC (22 MG; 0.6%; P = 0.004). An inverse relationship was noted between intestinal transit time and fecal bovine IgG content (R = 0.83; P = 0.04 [data from omeprazole group]). Filtrates of stool samples collected after oral administration of BIC-C. difficile neutralized the cytotoxicity of C. difficile toxins A and B, whereas control stool filtrates did not. Bovine colostral IgG undergoes partial degradation in the intestinal tract. Exposure to acidic gastric secretions and prolonged colonic transit may both contribute to IgG degradation. Nonetheless, humans taking BIC-C. difficile orally have neutralizing antitoxin activity in their stool.
The iPlant Collaborative: Cyberinfrastructure to Feed the World (2011)

As plant biology becomes a data-driven science, new computing technologies are needed to address many formidable challenges. The iPlant Collaborative provides cyberinfrastructure for researchers and developers to collaborate in creating better tools, workflows, algorithms, and ontologies.
Adverse Cardiovascular and Central Nervous System Events Associated with Dietary Supplements Containing Ephedra Alkaloids (2000)

The use of dietary supplements that contain ephedra alkaloids may pose a health risk to some persons. These findings indicate the need for a better understanding of individual susceptibility to the adverse effects of such dietary supplements.
Evidence for a local action of melatonin on the rat prostate. (1998)

The results demonstrate putative melatonin receptors in the rat prostate and suggest a direct suppression by melatonin of testosterone-dependent prostate growth.
Electronic Communications Systems (1987)

Electronic technicians can keep up-to-date on new technologies and techniques with this revised edition. Containing the latest updates on the information superhighway, the Internet, HDTV, fiber optics and LEOS satellites, it provides you with the knowledge and skills to succeed in today's technical world.
Donor variation in the growth properties and osteogenic potential of human marrow stromal cells (1999)

Human marrow stromal cells (MSCs) were isolated from posterior illiac crest marrow aspirates obtained from 17 healthy donors, ages 19-45 years, with no apparent physical disability. First passage hMSCs exhibited growth rates in vitro that varied up to 12-fold between donors. No correlation between growth rate and the age or gender of the donor was evident (P </= 0.05). When hMSCs were cultured without passage for eight days (subconfluent cultures) or 22 days (confluent cultures) in the absence of any osteogenic agonists, levels of alkaline phosphatase enzyme activity varied 40-fold and 10-fold, respectively, between donors. When exposed to osteo-inductive media, donor populations also showed dramatic differences in levels of bone-specific gene induction. Collectively, these data demonstrate that hMSC cultures are composed of a heterogeneous mixture of cells at various stages of differentiation and with distinct osteogenic potentials. Differences in both growth rate and ALP activity were evident in hMSC cultures established from multiple aspirates obtained over a six month period from the same donors. Therefore, it appears that cellular heterogeneity produced by the method of harvest is propagated within and among different donor populations during culture expansion in vitro.
Decentralised control of adaptive sampling and routing in wireless visual sensor networks (2009)

The efficient management of the limited energy resources of a wireless visual sensor network is central to its successful operation. Within this context, this paper focuses on the inter-dependent adaptive sampling and routing actions of each node in order to maximise the information value of the data collected. Thus, we develop two optimal decentralised algorithms to solve this distributed constraint optimization problem. The first assumes fixed routing and works in tree-structured networks. The second works in networks with any topologies by using a flexible routing approach. The two algorithms represent a trade-off in optimality, communication cost, and processing time. In an empirical evaluation on loopy sensor networks, we show that the flexible routing algorithm is able to deliver approximately twice the quantity of information compared to the fixed routing algorithm, where an arbitrary choice of route is made. However, this gain comes at a considerable communication and computational cost (increasing both by a factor of 100 times).
Annexin A5-Functionalized Bimodal Lipid-Based Contrast Agents for the Detection of Apoptosis (2006)

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, plays an important role in the etiology of a variety of diseases, including cancer and myocardial infarction. Visualization of apoptosis would allow both early detection of therapy efficiency and evaluation of disease progression. To that aim, we synthesized two types of lipid-based bimodal contrast agents that enable the detection of apoptotic cells with both MRI and optical techniques. MR contrast was provided either by entrapment of iron oxide particles within pegylated micelles or by incorporation of Gd-DTPA-bis(stearylamide) (Gd-DTPA-BSA) lipids within the lipid bilayer of pegylated liposomes. The resulting contrast agents were approximately 10 and 100 nm in diameter, respectively. Additional fluorescent lipids were incorporated in the lipid (bi)layer of the contrast agents to allow parallel detection with optical methods. Multiple human recombinant annexin A5 molecules were covalently coupled to introduce specificity for apoptotic cells. Both annexin A5-conjugated contrast agents were shown to significantly increase the relaxation rates of apoptotic cell pellets compared to untreated control cells and apoptotic cells that were treated with nonfunctionalized nanoparticles. Increased relaxation rates were confirmed to originate from association of the contrast agents to apoptotic cells by confocal microscopy. The targeted nanoparticles presented in this study, which differ both in size and in magnetic properties, may have applications for the in vivo detection of apoptosis.
Relationship between Surface Tension and Surface Coverage (2011)

Surfactant action is caused in part by a dramatic reduction in surface tension. Using surface excess measurements from a radioactive surfactant, it was possible to show that (a) the surface tension declines only slightly when the occupancy of the air/water interface increases from 0 to 60% of the maximum and (b) the steep drop in surface tension in region B (Figure 1 ), frequently observed to be linear, begins at about 80% occupancy. Surfactant continues to enter the interface cooperatively up to and past the critical micelle concentration. Linearity in region B is not indicative of surface saturation despite a seemingly constant surface excess throughout the region. The disparity between interfacial areas determined by surface tension and by other methods is discussed in terms of these results.
Corrosion Behavior of a Novel SiC / Al2 O 3 / Al Composite Exposed to Chloride Environments (1997)

The electrochemical behavior of a new class of aluminum metal matrix composites produced by the direct metal oxidation technique, Lanxide AS‐109™, was detailed. The composite is 69% (by volume) SiC reinforcement, 24% oxidized metal (primarily ), and 7% retained aluminum alloy. The corrosion behavior of the composite was found to be dependent on NaCl concentration and pH. was susceptible to pitting of the Al alloy phase at open circuit during exposure to aerated and deaerated 0.6, 0.06, and 0.006 M NaCl solutions. In contrast, exposure to M NaCl did not result in pitting at open circuit, and buffered borate solution (no chloride) did not yield pitting at any potential examined. The pitting potential of was estimated to decrease 80 mV per order of magnitude increase in NaCl concentration. Comparison of the composite to a model composite matrix material, Al 6061, revealed that the composite was more susceptible to localized corrosion than the matrix alloy alone which did not pit at open circuit in deaerated 0.6 M NaCl. Polarization resistance measurements in pH adjusted (pH 1 to 13) 0.6 M NaCl solutions revealed that the corrosion rate is minimized in neutral solution. Pits were neither confined to regions adjacent to SiC nor , suggesting little galvanic effect of the reinforcing phases.
Initial evaluation of Sandia National Laboratory-prepared crystalline silico-titanates for cesium recovery (1993)

Pacific Northwest Laboratory initiated a study of a new class of inorganic ion exchange materials that selectively extracts cesium (Cs), strontium (Sr), and plutonium (Pu) from alkaline radioactive waste solutions. These materials, identified as crystalline silico-titanates (CST), were developed by scientists at the Sandia National Laboratory (SNL) and Texas A&M. This report summarizes preliminary results for the measurement of batch distribution coefficient (K{sub d}) values for the powdered CST materials compared to previously tested ion exchange materials: IONSIV IE-96 (a zeolite produced by UOP), CS-100 (an organic resin produced by Rohm and Haas), and BIB-DJ (a new resorcinol-formaldehyde organic resin produced by Boulder Scientific). Excellent results were obtained for CST inorganic exchangers that could be significant in the development of processes for the near-term pretreatment of Hanford alkaline wastes. The following observations and conclusions resulted from this study: (1) Several CST samples prepared at SNL had a higher capacity to remove Cs from solution as compared to BIB-DJ, IE-96, and CS-100. (2) Cesium distribution results showed that CST samples TAM-40, -42, -43, -70, and -74 had {lambda} values of {approximately}2,200 ({lambda} = Cs K{sub d} {times} {rho}{sub b}; where {lambda} represents the number of exchanger bed volumes of feed that can be loaded on an ion exchange column) at a pH value >14. (3) Cesium distribution values for CST exchangers doubled as the aqueous temperature decreased from 40{degrees} to 10{degrees}C. (4) Crystalline silico-titanates have the capacity to remove Cs as well as Sr and Pu from alkaline wastes unless organic complexants are present. Experimental results indicated that complexed Sr was not removed, and Pu is not expected to be removed.
Long-term prospective pilot study with tranilast for the prevention of stricture progression in patients with Crohn’s disease (2007)

Fibrosis and strictures are common and irreversible complications of Crohn’s disease that potentially necessitate bowel resection. Tranilast, N-(3’,4’-dimethoxycinnamoyl) anthranilic acid, inhibits keloid scar formation through the inhibition of production of metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 from neutrophils.1 Please check the phrase “inhibition of … neutrophils” is OK Tranilast has been shown to inhibit fibrosis in various experimental models.2–4 Randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled studies have shown substantial inhibition by tranilast of restenosis of coronary arteries.5–7 A case report has demonstrated the efficacy of long-term administration of tranilast in inflammatory endobronchial stenosis.8

Between June 2001 and July 2005, 24 patients with quiescent Crohn’s disease with non-symptomatic intestinal strictures were recruited. Baseline intestinal stricture was evaluated by small bowel barium enteroclysis, or …
Carrier frequency offset estimation in OFDM systems (2013)

This paper presents a basic useful technique for carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimation in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) over frequency selective fading channel. The performance of OFDM system is very sensitive to CFO, which introduces inter-carrier interference (ICI). In cyclic prefix (CP) based estimation, the CFO can be found from the phase angle of the product of CP and corresponding rear part of the OFDM symbol. In CFO estimation using training symbol, the CFO estimation range can be increased by reducing the distance between two blocks of samples for correlation. This was made possible by using training symbol that are repetitive with shorter period. An analytic expression in form of mean square error(MSE) of frequency offset synchronization is reported, and simulation results verify theoretical analysis.
Laser Radar (Lidar) for Meteorological Observations (1966)

This paper describes an experimental high powered, Q switched, ruby laser radar or lidar designed for meteorological applications and upper atmosphere studies being conducted by the Environmental Sciences Division, Range Development Department, Pacific Missile Range, Point Mugu, California. The lidar system equations, detailed design, operation, and recommendations for design improvements are discussed, and typical observational data are presented to illustrate the uses of this new meteorological instrument.
An optimized 0.5 micron LDD transistors (1983)

A 0.5 micron triple diffused (LD <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> ) NMOS transistor with a maximum operating voltage of 10 volts has been designed and fabricated. The transistor is a low doped drain type (1,3,6) with an additional boron region (halo) around the source/drain junctions. By properly tailoring this boron profile, long channel behavior can be maintained down to the sub-micron level.
Putative Disulfide-Forming Pathway of Porcine Insulin Precursor during Its Refolding in Vitro (2001)

Although the structure of insulin has been well studied, the formation pathway of the three disulfide bridges during the refolding of insulin precursor is ambiguous. Here, we reported the in vitro disulfide-forming pathway of a recombinant porcine insulin precursor (PIP). In redox buffer containing L-arginine, the yield of native PIP from fully reduced/denatured PIP can reach 85%. The refolding process was quenched at different time points, and three distinct intermediates, including one with one disulfide linkage and two with two disulfide bridges, have been captured and characterized. An intra-A disulfide bridge was found in the former but not in the latter. The two intermediates with two disulfide bridges contain the common A20-B19 disulfide linkage and another inter-AB one. Based on the time-dependent formation and distribution of disulfide pairs in the trapped intermediates, two different forming pathways of disulfide bonds in the refolding process of PIP in vitro have been proposed. The first one involves the rapid formation of the intra-A disulfide bond, followed by the slower formation of one of the inter-AB disulfide bonds and then the pairing of the remaining cysteines to complete the refolding of PIP. The second pathway begins first with the formation of the A20-B19 disulfide bridge, followed immediately by another inter-AB one, possibly nonnative. The nonnative two-disulfide intermediates may then slowly rearrange between CysA6, CysA7, CysA11, and CysB7, until the native disulfide bond A6-A11 or A7-B7 is formed to complete the refolding of PIP. The proposed refolding behavior of PIP is compared with that of IGF-I and discussed.
Visualizing bagged decision trees (1997)

We present a visual tablet for exploring the nature of a bagged decision tree (Breiman [1996]). Aggregating classifiers over bootstrap datasets (bagging) can result in greatly improved prediction accuracy. Bagging is motivated as a variance reduction technique, but it is considered a black box with respect to interpretation. Current research seeking to explain why bagging works has focused on different bias/variance decompositions of prediction error. We show that bagging's complexity can be better understood by a simple graphical technique that allows visualizing the bagged decision boundary in low-dimensional situations. We then show that bagging can be heuristically motivated as a method to enhance local adaptivity of the boundary. Some simulated examples are presented to illustrate the technique.
Distinctive patterns of hyperplasia in transgenic mice with mouse mammary tumor virus transforming growth factor-alpha. Characterization of mammary gland and skin proliferations. (1992)

Eight lines of transgenic mice expressing a mouse mammary tumor virus (MMTV) human transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) fusion gene were established. Three lines with distinctive phenotypes are presented. All have proliferative changes of the mammary gland. One line has sebaceous gland hyperplasia of the skin. Five histologic patterns of mammary gland hyperplasia based on two of these lines were identified: cystic hyperplasia, solid hyperplasia, dysplasia, adenoma, and adenocarcinoma. Human TGF alpha mRNA and protein were produced in all patterns but appeared reduced in solid hyperplasia, dysplasia, and adenocarcinoma. TGF alpha immunoreactivity in the mammary tissue, cystic fluid, and serum did not show significant differences; hyperplasia developed in 65% of multiparous mice and 45% of virgin mice by 12 months of age. Adenocarcinoma developed in 40% of multiparous mice and 30% of virgin mice by 16 months of age. These transgenic lines may provide useful models of mammary and sebaceous gland hyperplasia analogous to human disease.
SEPARATIONS BY SOLVENT EXTRACTION WITH TRI-n-OCTYL-PHOSPHINE OXIDE (1961)

A compilation was made of extraction data obtained for tri-n- octylphosphine oxide (TOPO). Diluents, oxidation states of the elements, type and concentration of acid, concentration of the metal and extractant, phase volumes, temperature, phase equilibrium, stripping, decomposition of metal adducts, and determination of extracted elements are discussed. lts extraction characteristics for the elements in each pericdic group are described. (M.C.G.)
[Gene transfer of a beta-adrenergic receptor kinase inhibitor up-regulates the level of beta2-adrenergic receptor and cyclic adenosine monophosphate in the asthmatic murine lung]. (2004)

The results indicated that there was down-regulation of beta(2)AR and cAMP in asthmatic mice (group B), especially in those treated with beta(2)AR agonist (group C). Gene transfer of betaARKct could inhibit the extent of the down-regulation of beta(2)AR and cAMP in asthmatic mice treated with beta(2)AR agonist. The route of gene delivery could also affect the degree of up-regulation of beta(2)AR and cAMP. Gene transfer of betaARKct may provide a novel approach to the therapeutic strategy for asthma.