gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photorefractive Keratectomy With an Argon Fluoride Excimer Laser: A Clinical Study (1991)

The results of excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy (PRK) in 16 blind and 120 sighted eyes (136 patients) are presented. Follow up for the blind eyes was 22 months and for the sighted eyes 8 to 18 months (mean, 1 year). A Summit Technology UV200 excimer laser with fluence fixed at 180 mJ/cm2, beam diameter 4 mm, a frequency of 10 Hz, and ablation rate of 0.22 mu per pulse was used. The range of preoperative myopia was - 1.50 diopters to - 17.50 D (spherical equivalent). Ninety percent of patients undergoing a -2.00 D correction and 75% of patients undergoing a -3.00-diopter correction were within +/- 1.00 D of intended refraction at 6 months. This figure fell to 40% and 20% for the groups undergoing -6.00 D and -7.00 D corrections, respectively. While the trend is toward undercorrection, around 70% of patients in all groups have benefited from a reduction of their myopia by at least half that intended. A variable degree of anterior stromal "haze" was detected in 110 patients (92%) despite a rigid high dose topical corticosteroid regime over 3 months. Best spectacle corrected visual acuity, however, was greater than or equal to preoperative levels in 111 patients (93%). Six patients experienced a reduction of one line of Snellen acuity at 6 months and three of the high myopes lost two lines. No patients lost more than two lines of Snellen acuity. Ninety-four patients (78%) noticed a "halo" around lights at night, more marked in the early postoperative period, which we attribute to the 4-millimeter diameter ablation zone. With a large pupil, both central and paracentral cornea can contribute simultaneously to the retinal image. We have demonstrated considerable individual variation in response to this surgery, which is more marked in high myopia. Although follow up at the present time is limited, to date PRK appears to be a safe procedure that holds considerable promise for refractive surgery in the future.
Case Studies from Industry: Skiving Addition to the Cutting Stock Problem in the Paper Industry (1997)

Skiving is the process of joining smaller rolls to form larger rolls. When this process is combined with traditional roll-cutting technology, profitable solutions to once "hopeless" one-dimensional cutting stock problems can be found. A generalization of the classic cutting stock problem models the combined skiving and cutting stock problem. The commercial software package MAJIQTRIM solves this combined problem using both heuristic and linear programming (LP) methods.
Synthesis of a parallel-coupled ring-resonator filter (2001)

An effective and exact synthesis technique for the design of parallel-coupled ring-resonator filters with a maximally flat stop-band characteristic of any order is presented. Simple closed-form formulas determine the Q factor of each resonator and the coupling coefficients. The performances of these filters are discussed for their applications as interleavers and channel-dropping filters in wavelength-division multiplexing systems.
Synthesis and Preliminary Evaluation of <sup>18</sup>F-Labeled Pyridaben Analogues for Myocardial Perfusion Imaging with PET (2012)

The (18)F-labeled pyridaben analogs reported in this study have high heart uptake and low background uptake in both the mouse model and the Chinese mini swine model. The tracer with the shorter radiolabeling side chain ((18)F-FP1OP) has better stability, faster clearance from the major organs, and a higher heart-to-liver ratio than the other tracer ((18)F-FP3OP). On the basis of the promising biologic properties, this mitochondrial complex I-targeted tracer ((18)F-FP1OP) is worthy to be developed as an MPI agent and to be compared with the other PET MPI agents in the future.
Using multiple genetic algorithms to generate radar point-scatterer models (2000)

This paper covers the use of three different genetic algorithms applied sequentially to radar cross-section data to generate point-scatterer models. The aim is to provide automatic conversion of measured 2D/3D data of low, medium, or, high resolution into scatterer models. The resulting models are intended for use in a missile-target engagement simulator. The first genetic algorithm uses multiple species to locate the scattering centers. The second and third algorithms are for model fine tuning and optimization, respectively. Both of these algorithms use nondominated ranking to generate Pareto-optimal sets of results. The ability to choose results from the Pareto sets allows the designer some flexibility in the creation of the model. A method for constructing compound models to produce full 4 /spl pi/ sr coverage is detailed. Example results from the model generation process are presented.
Mannich Reaction on 7-Hydroxychromones and Flavones. Synthesis of Powerful Central Nervous System Stimulants (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMannich Reaction on 7-Hydroxychromones and Flavones. Synthesis of Powerful Central Nervous System StimulantsPAOLO DA RE, LUCIA VERLICCHI, and IVO SETNIKARCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 7, 1097–1100Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01077a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01077a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A dual-path, current-sensing resistor-free boost LED driver with fast PWM dimming (2013)

A boost LED driver features high PWM dimming ratio and optimized efficiency is presented. This LED driver, which having low dropout voltage and is able to drive 3~7 LEDs in series with constant output current and fast PWM dimming, is alternative for brightness adjustment. A dual-path control scheme with automatically state switching and maintenance is proposed. Meanwhile, a cascode current mirror structure is adopted with the output transistor multiplexed as LED PWM dimming transistor. Implemented in 0.5um 25V BCD process, the measurement results show that a voltage conversion range of 5V input to 6~21V output with constant output current is achieved. With automatically switching dual-path control and optimized current mirror, the response time during PWM dimming is reduced to as less as 240ns and the efficiency is kept above 89% over wide PWM dimming ratio @250mA output current.
Enhanced Sensitivity to Benzodiazepines in Active Cocaine-Abusing Subjects: A PET Study (1998)

The enhanced sensitivity to lorazepam in cocaine-abusing subjects suggests disruption of GABA pathways that may reflect, in part, cocaine withdrawal. The intense sleepiness induced by lorazepam in some of the abusers, despite their significantly lower plasma concentrations, should alert clinicians of the potential toxicity from accentuated responses to sedative hypnotics in active cocaine-abusing subjects.
Zeolite-clay mineral zonation of volcaniclastic sediments within the McDermitt caldera complex of Nevada and Oregon (1979)

Volcaniclastic sediments deposited in the moat of the collapsed McDermitt caldera complex have been altered chiefly to zeolites and potassium feldspar* The original rhyolitic and peralkaline ash-flow tuffs are included in conglomerates at the caldera rims and grade into a lacustrine series near the center of the collapse. The tuffs show a lateral zeolitic alteration from almost fresh glass to clinoptilolite, clinoptilolite-mordenite, and erionite; to analcime-potassium feldspar; and finally to potassium feldspar. Vertical zonation is in approximately the same order. Clay minerals in associated mudstones, on the other hand, show little lateral variation but a distinct vertical zonation, having a basal dioctahedral smectite, a medial trioctahedral smectite, and an upper dioctahedral smectite. The medial trioctahedral smectite is enriched in lithium (as much as 6,800 ppm Li). Hydrothermal alteration of the volcaniclastic sediments, forming both mercury and uranium deposits, caused a distinct zeolite and clay-mineral zonation within the general lateral zonation. The center of alteration is generally potassium feldspar, commonly associated with alunite. Potassium feldspar grades laterally and vertically to either clinoptilolite or clinoptilolite-mordenite, generally associated with gypsum. This zone then grades vertically and laterally into fresh glass. The clay minerals are a dioctahedral smectite, a mixed-layer clay mineral, and a 7-A clay mineral.
Developmental Dyslexia and Specific Language Impairment: Same or Different? (2004)

Developmental dyslexia and specific language impairment (SLI) were for many years treated as distinct disorders but are now often regarded as different manifestations of the same underlying problem, differing only in severity or developmental stage. The merging of these categories has been motivated by the reconceptualization of dyslexia as a language disorder in which phonological processing is deficient. The authors argue that this focus underestimates the independent influence of semantic and syntactic deficits, which are widespread in SLI and which affect reading comprehension and impair attainment of fluent reading in adolescence. The authors suggest that 2 dimensions of impairment are needed to conceptualize the relationship between these disorders and to capture phenotypic features that are important for identifying neurobiologically and etiologically coherent subgroups.
Planning and analysis of three‐arm non‐inferiority trials with binary endpoints (2006)

Three-arm trials including an experimental treatment, an active control and a placebo group are frequently preferred for the assessment of non-inferiority. In contrast to two-arm non-inferiority studies, these designs allow a direct proof of efficacy of a new treatment by comparison with placebo. As a further advantage, the test problem for establishing non-inferiority can be formulated in such a way that rejection of the null hypothesis assures that a pre-defined portion of the (unknown) effect the reference shows versus placebo is preserved by the treatment under investigation. We present statistical methods for this study design and the situation of a binary outcome variable. Asymptotic test procedures are given and their actual type I error rates are calculated. Approximate sample size formulae are derived and their accuracy is discussed. Furthermore, the question of optimal allocation of the total sample size is considered. Power properties of the testing strategy including a pre-test for assay sensitivity are presented. The derived methods are illustrated by application to a clinical trial in depression.
Oxidation of Organic Sulfides by Electrophilically Activated Hydrogen Peroxide: The Catalytic Ability of Methylrhenium Trioxide (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of Organic Sulfides by Electrophilically Activated Hydrogen Peroxide: The Catalytic Ability of Methylrhenium TrioxideKarlene A. Vassell and James H. EspensonCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 24, 5491–5498Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00102a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00102a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views414Altmetric-Citations122LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Sulfur Metabolism of Aerobacter aerogenes. I. A Repressible Sulfatase (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSulfur Metabolism of Aerobacter aerogenes. I. A Repressible SulfataseD. H. Rammler, C. Grado, and L. R. FowlerCite this: Biochemistry 1964, 3, 2, 224–230Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00890a014https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00890a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views109Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Processing of Plastic Waste and Scrap Tires into Chemical Raw Materials, Especially by Pyrolysis (1976)

Abstract An account of the occurrence of pyrolyzable material and the state of development of pyrolysis processes in the USA and Japan is followed by a description of laboratory and pilot‐scale experiments designed to exploit the raw material content of pyrolyzable substances rather than the heating value. Plastic waste and scrap tires can be pyrolyzed to give up to 40% by weight of aromatic compounds in fluidized sand beds which are surprisingly insensitive to the unit size of the feed material.
Inhalation Toxicity Study on Para-dichlorobenzene Mothball on Rats (2006)

Objective To study the inhalation toxicity on para-dichlorobenzene mothball sold in the market on rats. Methods 60 rats were used in acute inhalation toxicity.The dose in every group increased by 1.5 times of the former.In subacute inhalation toxicity experiments,40 rats,male and female in half,were divided into 4 groups randomly according to the dose(700 mg/m~3,(1 400 mg/m~3),2 400 mg/m~3 and negative control),and the rats had inhaled para-dichlorobenzene mothball for 2 hours every day.The action state of the rats were observed,the blood of rats was examined after 24 hours since each group had been treated with para-dichlorobenzene mothball,and its liver,kidney,spleen,lung and heart were weighted and made into pathology slices.(Results The LC_(50) of) acute inhalation toxicity was 8 858 mg/m~3.The blood examination had no difference among them.The weight of its liver and kidney increased in high dose group.Pathology slices showed that the liver cells were cloudy swelling and the renal tubule epitheliums were swelling.Conclusion The middle and high doses of para-dichlorobenzene mothball have certain toxicity to rats.
DNAzyme-Based Rolling-Circle Amplification DNA Machine for Ultrasensitive Analysis of MicroRNA in <i>Drosophila</i> Larva (2012)

We present a highly sensitive colorimetric method for microRNA (miRNA) detection. This method is based on a rolling-circle amplification (RCA) DNA machine, which integrates RCA, nicking enzyme signal amplification and DNAzyme signal amplification. The DNA machine is triggered by the hybridization of target miRNA with a rational designed padlock DNA template and activated by RCA. The resulting RCA product then autonomously replicates a multiple machinery cutter cycle and generates accumulated amount of products. Specifically, the DNA product in the present work is designed as a horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-mimicking DNAzyme, which could that catalyze a colorimetric reaction and generate colored product. Through these cascade amplifications, microRNA (miRNA) as low as 2 aM could be detected. As an example of in vivo application, miRNA from single Drosophila larva was successfully analyzed. Drosophila is a model organism that provides a powerful genetic tool to study gene functions. Study of Drosophila miRNAs has brought us knowledge of its biogenesis and biological functions. The analysis of miRNA typically requires a pretreatment process of extracting total RNAs from target cells, followed by quantitative analysis of target miRNA in total RNA samples, which nevertheless suffers from laborious total RNA extraction and time-consuming processes and poor limit of detection. Meanwhile, the tiny size of Drosophila makes it difficult to accurately measure trivial changes of its cellular miRNA levels. The ability to detect ultralow concentration of miRNA of the proposed method enables the analysis the expression of mir-1 in single Drosophila larva. We thus expect that the strategy may open new avenues for in situ miRNA analysis in single cell or living animals.
A kinureninek és a kognitív funkció összefüggései, és lehetséges szerepük a depresszió kialakulásában (2012)

Depression can originate from changes in tryptophan availability, caused by activation of the kynurenine pathway (KP) as a result of inflammation. Alterations in the KP and the changing levels of its metabolites have recently been considered to be factors contributing to the pathogenesis of depression. The key molecular mediator which induces the conversion of tryptophan into kynurenine is indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase. Following its activation, both the production of neurotoxic compounds and the diminished peripheral accessibility of tryptophan are regarded as essential steps in the pathophysiological processes. The aim of this review is to survey the role of the KP in depression and its relationships with cognitive functions.
Extensible, Scalable Monitoring for Clusters of Computers (1997)

Introduction Monitoring a large cluster of cooperating computers requires extensibility, fault tolerance, and scalability. We handle the evolution of software and hardware in our cluster by using relational tables to make CARD extensible. We detect and recover from node and network failures by using timestamps to resynchronize out system. We improve data scalability by using a hierarchy of databases and a hybrid push/pull protocol for efficiently delivering data from sources to sinks. Finally, we improve visualization scalability by statistical aggregation and using color to reduce information loss. We have designed and implemented a system for flexible, online gathering and visualization of statistics and textual information from hundreds of data sources. CARD gathers node statistics such as CPU and disk usage, and node information such as executing processes. We will describe the system we developed to monitor our cluster, explain how we solved the four problems described a
GEORGE BRETTINGHAM SOWERBY THE FIRST AND HIS CORRESPONDENTS (1964)

The correspondence of naturalists of the early nineteenth century, conducted on a much more voluminous scale than that of today, is often of considerable personal as well as scientific interest. Preserved in the Department of Zoology of the National Museum of Wales is a large file of correspondence addressed by numerous writers to the famous George Brettingham Sowerby the first (17881854), conchologist, author and artist, and dealer in natural history specimens. Although his scientific publications are not always easy to separate from those of his son, George Brettingham Sowerby the second (1821-84), since the two men worked together at times, the correspondence here discussed appears to be all addressed to the senior Sowerby.* It includes letters from many professional and amateur naturalists in this country who were well known in their time, as well as from correspondents in various parts of the Continent, in North and South America, and elsewhere; and the publication of them all would occupy very much more space than is available for a paper in this Journal. It is proposed to confine the present paper to letters from Mary Anning, Hugh Cuming, William John Broderip, James Robert Campbell and one or two others. During the 1820's Sowerby transacted a good deal of business with Mary Anning, the famous amateur collector of fossils at Lyme Regis, whose portrait hangs in the Natural History Museum at South Kensington. On 27 July 1826 she wrote to Sowerby as follows:
An Examination Of The Consistency Of Risk Differentials Between Historical Measures Of Risk And The Risk Implied By Economic Value Added (2011)

The corporate world is continually striving to identify an effective means of evaluating management performance. Corporate concern over this issue stems from both the perspective of managerial compensation and maximizing shareholder value. Some companies have used such measures as returns on assets, equity, or investment. Some have relied on other measures like inventory management, trade credit management, or cash management. The common ground shared by these measures is that they rely on accounting measures of firm activity. The weakness of using such means to measure firm performance is that they are driven by a rule-based system, and anyone with sufficient understanding of the rules can manipulate the information to present the picture of the firm’s performance in a way that may not track with the reality of the firm’s performance. This does not suggest that managers will engage in such numerical fiddle-dee-dee; rather, it suggests that the opportunity to do so exists, and must somehow be incorporated into the shareholder’s interpretation of the reported performance. This situation leaves firms in the position of needing a better performance measure by which to evaluate the work of its management. One alternative performance measure offered to meet this need was introduced in the early 1980's by Stern Stewart and Company and is known as Economic Value Added or EVA®.(Ehrbar, 1998) The basic premise underlying EVA is an effort to encourage managers and other employees to think and act as entrepreneurs rather than employees.