gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UbiCrawler: a scalable fully distributed Web crawler (2004)

Abstract We report our experience in implementing UbiCrawler, a scalable distributed Web crawler, using the Java programming language. The main features of UbiCrawler are platform independence, linear scalability, graceful degradation in the presence of faults, a very effective assignment function (based on consistent hashing) for partitioning the domain to crawl, and more in general the complete decentralization of every task. The necessity of handling very large sets of data has highlighted some limitations of the Java APIs, which prompted the authors to partially reimplement them. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preparation of N-Alkylnorpavines via Competitive N-Dealkylation of Quaternary Pavines (1996)

N-Alkyl quaternary pavlne salts were converted Into N-alkyl tertiary pavines by refluxing ethanolamine, via a competitive N-dealkylation mechanismThe following N-dealkylation order was observed: benzyb allyl> Me> Et > nPr 2 "Bu.Further study indicated that N-alkyl-and N-acylpavines could be obtained from N-methyl tertiary pavines in a one-pot reaction (acid anhydride1 allyl bromide or alkyl halide, reflux).This finding provides an alternative method for preparing N-alkyl tertiary pavines .Recently N-methyl tertiary pavine (-)-caryachine (I), isolated from Cryptocarya chinensis H.1 or obtained from N-demethylation of the quaternary (-)-caryachine N-metho salt (I)? was found to possess potent ion channel blocking action especially on IN, ( 1 C w 1.5 pM, ral single ventricular cells).3Being interested in exploring the potential use of this type compounds on cardiovascular system, we turned our attention to the preparation of N-alkyl terliary pavines for further studying their biological activity.R1 R? R1 R3
Some alternatives in transform-domain suppression of narrow-band interference for signal detection and demodulation (1995)

Conventional detection and demodulation rules are not ideally suited for use with discrete Fourier transform (DFT) based narrow-band interference suppression, if the DFT incorporates time-weighting to localize the interference spectrally. Detection rules which are adapted to the time-weighting are introduced and shown to offer significant improvements in performance, but their implementation is complex. It is found that if a spectrally-contained orthogonal transform (SCOT) is employed in place of the windowed DFT however, the conventional detection rules have a level of performance comparable to that obtained with DFT based suppression and the adapted rules. In addition to yielding good interference localization, SCOTs benefit from the fact that they provide a Karhunen-Loeve like transform for each component of the observation. The primary focus of the paper is the application of interference suppression for the detection of the presence of covert signals; however, it is also demonstrated that SCOT based suppression is potentially better suited than DFT based suppression for data demodulation in commercial code-division multiple-access (CDMA) network overlays.
Heterodimerization of TLR2 with TLR1 or TLR6 expands the ligand spectrum but does not lead to differential signaling (2007)

TLR are primary triggers of the innate immune system by recognizing various microorganisms through conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns. TLR2 is the receptor for a functional recognition of bacterial lipopeptides (LP) and is up-regulated during various disorders such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and sepsis. This receptor is unique in its ability to form heteromers with TLR1 or TLR6 to mediate intracellular signaling. According to the fatty acid pattern as well as the assembling of the polypeptide tail, LP can signal through TLR2 in a TLR1- or TLR6-dependent manner. There are also di- and triacylated LP, which stimulate TLR1-deficient cells and TLR6-deficient cells. In this study, we investigated whether heterodimerization evolutionarily developed to broaden the ligand spectrum or to induce different immune responses. We analyzed the signal transduction pathways activated through the different TLR2 dimers using the three LP, palmitic acid (Pam)octanoic acid (Oct)(2)C-(VPGVG)(4)VPGKG, fibroblast-stimulating LP-1, and Pam(2)C-SK(4). Dominant-negative forms of signaling molecules, immunoblotting of MAPK, as well as microarray analysis indicate that all dimers use the same signaling cascade, leading to an identical pattern of gene activation. We conclude that heterodimerization of TLR2 with TLR1 or TLR6 evolutionarily developed to expand the ligand spectrum to enable the innate immune system to recognize the numerous, different structures of LP present in various pathogens. Thus, although mycoplasma and Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria may activate different TLR2 dimers, the development of different signal pathways in response to different LP does not seem to be of vital significance for the innate defense system.
Cold-Storage of Synthetic Human Epidermis in HypoThermosol (1995)

There is a growing need for engineered tissues in a wide variety of medical applications and as alternatives to animal tissues for in vitro toxicology testing. While techniques for the preparation of a variety of synthetic tissue constructs have been devised, little attention has been focused upon the optimum conditions necessary for storage and shipping of these tissue devices. This study investigates the effects of hypothermic storage on synthetic human epidermis (EpiDerm, MatTek Corp., Ashland, MA) and specifically examines the quality of storage in keratinocyte growth medium (KGM), a standard skin culture medium, compared with storage in HypoThermosol, a new hypothermic preservation solution. EpiDerm samples were immersed in HypoThermosol for 1 to 13 days at 4 degrees C and were assayed using the noninvasive, viability indicator dye, Alamar Blue (AB). Samples immersed for 1 to 9 days in HypoThermosol retained their viability subsequent to warming to 37 degrees C and for at least 7 days thereafter in culture. During this time samples previously stored in HypoThermosol continued to generate a stratum corneum and their ultrastructural characteristics were similar to EpiDerm that were not exposed to hypothermic solutions. This profile, however, was not apparent in EpiDerm maintained for 1 to 13 days in KGM and subsequently warmed. These samples appeared viable immediately upon warming in most cases, but viability was not retained thereafter. EpiDerm maintained in KGM and allowed to recover at 37 degrees C appeared necrotic and failed to continue to differentiate. The conclusions of this study are the following: (1) HypoThermosol protects the viability of EpiDerm during cold-storage, (2) HypoThermosol preserves EpiDerm's ability to differentiate subsequent to warming, and (3) the inferior preservation of samples stored in KGM was most apparent 24 h after warming.
Physical Basis of Flower-opening in Pharbitis nil<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref> (1981)

Flower buds of Pharbitis nil cut from plants growing in the field open rapidly when subjected to darkness (20–25°C) or low temperature (20°C) in light. Petals of the buds are the sites of photo- and thermo-perception; flower-opening is caused mainly by the epinasty of petal midribs.
Open-circuit fault detection and localization in Modular Multilevel Converter (2015)

Multilevel converters use increased number of semiconductors compared to the conventional two-level inverters, which increases the possibility of switch failures. This paper presents an open-circuit fault detection and localization method in Modular Multilevel Converters (MMCs). This method uses gate signals, measured values of capacitor voltages and phase voltage to calculate the expected current behavior. The measured current behavior is compared to the expected current behavior to detect the fault occurrence and its location due to gate signals and the sign of arm current. Simulation results in a three-phase MMC are carried out to confirm the validity of the proposed method.
Investigation of Manganese Dioxides (1964)

The water content of natural ores, electrolytic, chemical, and synthetic hydrous samples, equilibrated in an atmosphere of 75% relative humidity, was determined at 110°, 235°, and 400°C. Total water varied from 1% for a highly crystalline to 20% for synthetic hydrous . The pH of the samples increased with increasing temperature, except for natural ores and their derivatives which showed a decrease in pH at 235°C. The degree of resorption of water vapor was dependent on the drying temperature and decreased with increasing temperature.
Autmomatic Modulation Classification Using Combination of Genetic Programming and KNN (2012)

Automatic Modulation Classification (AMC) is an intermediate step between signal detection and demodulation. It is a very important process for a receiver that has no, or limited, knowledge of received signals. It is important for many areas such as spectrum management, interference identification and for various other civilian and military applications. This paper explores the use of Genetic Programming (GP) in combination with K-nearest neighbor (KNN) for AMC. KNN has been used to evaluate fitness of GP individuals during the training phase. Additionally, in the testing phase, KNN has been used for deducing the classification performance of the best individual produced by GP. Four modulation types are considered here: BPSK, QPSK, QAM16 and QAM64. Cumulants have been used as input features for GP. The classification process has been divided into two-stages for improving the classification accuracy. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method provides better classification performance compared to other recent methods.
Characterization of a Ribosomal Inhibitory Polypeptide of Protein Phosphatase‐1 from Rat Liver (1996)

About 4% of the spontaneous phosphorylase phosphatase activity in a rat liver extract was associated with the ribosomal fraction and stemmed from both protein phosphatase-1 (PP-1) and protein phosphatase-2A (PP-2A). However, after repeated washing, only PP-1 remained bound to the ribosomes. The activity of ribosome-associated PP-1 (PP-1R) was partially latent and could be increased 2-3-fold by incubation with trypsin and an additional 50% by incubation with low concentrations of exogenous type-1 catalytic subunit. In contrast, incubation of the ribosomal fraction with MgATP resulted in a 50% drop in the activity of PP-1R. We have purified from a ribosomal extract a basic polypeptide (pI > or = 10.5) of 23 kDa that potently inhibited PP-1. This ribosomal inhibitor of PP-1, termed RIPP-1, was at least 30-times less efficient in inhibiting other major Ser/Thr protein phosphatases (PP-2A, PP-2B and PP-2C). RIPP-1 was identified as a non-competitive inhibitor of PP-1 with a substrate-dependent potency. The lowest Ki (approximately 20 nM) was obtained with phosphorylase and myelin basic protein as substrates. Besides instantaneously inhibiting the type-1 catalytic subunit, RIPP-1 also converted the catalytic subunit in a time-dependent manner (t 1/2 = 45 min at 25 degrees C) into a less active conformation. Unlike the inhibition, this slow inactivation was not reversed by the removal of RIPP-1. We propose that RIPP-1 accounts, at least in part, for the latency of PP-1R.
Radioprotection by plant products: present status and future prospects (2005)

The development of radioprotective agents has been the subject of intense research in view of their potential for use within a radiation environment, such as space exploration, radiotherapy and even nuclear war. However, no ideal, safe synthetic radioprotectors are available to date, so the search for alternative sources, including plants, has been on going for several decades. In Ayurveda, the traditional Indian system of medicine, several plants have been used to treat free radical-mediated ailments and, therefore, it is logical to expect that such plants may also render some protection against radiation damage. A systematic screening approach can provide leads to identifying potential new candidate drugs from plant sources, for mitigation of radiation injury. This article reviews some of the most promising plants, and their bioactive principles, that are widely used in traditional systems of medicine, and which have rendered significant radioprotection in both in vitro and in vivo model systems. Plants and their constituents with pharmacological activities that may be relevant to amelioration of radiation-mediated damage, including antiemetic, antiinflammatory, antioxidant, cell proliferative, wound healing and haemopoietic stimulatories are also discussed.
Modular and Stereoselective Synthesis of Tetrasubstituted Helical Alkenes via a Palladium-Catalyzed Domino Reaction (2012)

A highly modular and stereoselective synthesis of tetrasubstituted helical alkenes is accomplished by a Pd-catalyzed norbornene-mediated domino reaction. This protocol features the rapid assembly of four C-C bonds via sequential C-H activations and carbopalladations along with efficient access to enantiopure bromoalkyl aryl alkyne precursors using homologative alkynylation as the key transformation. Three distinct elements of stereoselectivity were observed in the preparation of the chiral helical alkenes: retention of stereochemistry of the substrates, induced helical diastereoselectivity in the alkene formation, and the exclusive exo-facial selectivity of the norbornene incorporation.
High resolution genetic analysis suggests one ancestral predisposing haplotype for the origin of the myotonic dystrophy mutation (1994)

The mutation causing myotonic dystrophy (DM) has been identified as an amplification of an unstable trinucleotide (CTG)n repeat in over 99% of the global DM population. It is in complete linkage disequilibrium with an Alu element polymorphism within the DM kinase gene, suggesting that DM is a consequence of one or few ancestral mutations. A recent analysis utilizing this polymorphism as well as a flanking dinucleotide marker, suggested that similar to Fragile X syndrome, DM exhibited a founder effect (Imbert et al., 1993 Nature Genet. 4, 72-76). In contrast, the low reproductive fitness of individuals with congenital DM (the endpoint of genetic anticipation in myotonic dystrophy) suggests a higher rate of new mutations. We present a high resolution genetic analysis of the DM locus using PCR based assays of nine polymorphisms, spanning a physical distance of 30 kb, within and immediately flanking the DM kinase gene. The persistent complete allelic association of the DM mutation with all these polymorphisms provides further support to previous observations and suggests more strongly that the DM mutation occurred on the background of a particular haplotype in which the (CTG)n repeat became inherently unstable and therefore predisposed to amplification.
Multicenter, open-label, non-comparative study of a combination of polytar and zinc pyrithione shampoo in the management of dandruff. (2007)

A combination shampoo of polytar (1%) and zinc pyrithione (1%) offers a safe and effective option in the treatment of dandruff and its associated symptoms.
A targeted real-time early warning score (TREWScore) for septic shock (2015)

Sepsis is a leading cause of death in the United States, with mortality highest among patients who develop septic shock. Early aggressive treatment decreases morbidity and mortality. Although automated screening tools can detect patients currently experiencing severe sepsis and septic shock, none predict those at greatest risk of developing shock. We analyzed routinely available physiological and laboratory data from intensive care unit patients and developed "TREWScore," a targeted real-time early warning score that predicts which patients will develop septic shock. TREWScore identified patients before the onset of septic shock with an area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve (AUC) of 0.83 [95% confidence interval (CI), 0.81 to 0.85]. At a specificity of 0.67, TREWScore achieved a sensitivity of 0.85 and identified patients a median of 28.2 [interquartile range (IQR), 10.6 to 94.2] hours before onset. Of those identified, two-thirds were identified before any sepsis-related organ dysfunction. In comparison, the Modified Early Warning Score, which has been used clinically for septic shock prediction, achieved a lower AUC of 0.73 (95% CI, 0.71 to 0.76). A routine screening protocol based on the presence of two of the systemic inflammatory response syndrome criteria, suspicion of infection, and either hypotension or hyperlactatemia achieved a lower sensitivity of 0.74 at a comparable specificity of 0.64. Continuous sampling of data from the electronic health records and calculation of TREWScore may allow clinicians to identify patients at risk for septic shock and provide earlier interventions that would prevent or mitigate the associated morbidity and mortality.
An NFC-based O2O service model in exhibition-space (2016)

We proposed a service model based on the spreading trend of Internet of Things (IoT)-based Online-to-Offline (O2O) services in the commerce industry and the steadfast growth of offline businesses in the exhibition industry. We approached the proposed service model from three perspectives. First, we conducted a case analysis of the O2O service to judge the timeliness of service model which we provide, and to find out the possible issues that may occur. Second, we performed a literature review for materials relevant to the proposed service model and explored the feasibility of applying near-field communication (NFC) technology to the service model by comparing NFC with Beacon technology, which is the most commonly used technology in indoor-space. Finally, we designed an NFC-based O2O service model in exhibition-space.
Optical interconnects in commercial BiCMOS (2004)

In this work, we demonstrated a practical means to construct wafer-level optical interconnects in commercial BiCMOS electronics. Through modifying the layout and design of commercially available SiGe Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors (HBT) through MOSIS<sup>TM</sup> foundry, we obtained high performance SiGe Heterojunction Phototransistors (HPT) that utilize the SiGe Base and Collector junction for photo-detection and the transistor action for the amplified photocurrent. Responsivities of 2.4A/W and 0.2A/W were achieved for the phototransistor detecting light of 850nm and 1060nm, respectively. The external quantum efficiency of 350% was obtained. The photocurrent gain was shown to be 78. Furthermore, we investigated the integration of optical waveguides and elements with the SiGe commercial platform to demonstrate an effective approach of the wafer-level optical interconnects. The leaky-mode waveguide routed on the chip surface can couple the light laterally from the input fiber to the buried photodetection region. A 20% coupling efficiency is obtained in the SiGe layer, and provides a response about 40 times higher than that of the vertical illumination. The integrated on-chip waveguides and photodetectors in the commercial platform offer efficient optical-to-electrical conversion and a low-loss routing scheme useful for on-chip computational architectures.
Comparison and optimization of packet loss repair methods on VoIP perceived quality under bursty loss (2002)

Packet loss degrades the perceived quality of voice over IP (VoIP). In addition, packet loss in the Internet tends to come in bursts, which may further degrade audio quality. Using the Gilbert loss model, we infer that changing the packet interval affects loss burstiness, which in turn influences forward error correction (FEC) performance. Next, we perform subjective listening tests based on Mean Opinion Score (MOS) to evaluate the effect of bursty loss on VoIP perceived quality. Then, we compare the perceived quality achieved by two major loss repair methods: FEC and low bit-rate redundancy (LBR). Our MOS test results show that FEC is much preferred over LBR. In addition, our MOS results reveal that, under bursty loss, FEC quality is much better with a moderately large packet interval. Finally, because FEC introduces an extra delay proportional to the packet interval, we present a method of optimizing the packet interval to maximize FEC MOS by considering the delay impairment in ITU's E-model standard.
Improvements in Photomultiplier and TV Camera Tubes for Nuclear Medicine (1977)

Electro-optic devices such as photomultiplier tubes or TV camera tubes are used in nuclear medicine applications directly or indirectly as sensors of scintillations resulting from excitation of phosphor or scintillators by x- or ..gamma..-rays. Ideally, a detector would provide 100 percent quantum efficiency, have a read-out mechanism whose noise does not obscure the response from a single photon, and have a response time sufficiently short so as not to degrade the scintillation pulse. Photomultiplier tubes have been improved in quantum efficienctly and in response time. Photomultiplier tubes have been improved in quantum efficiency and in response time. Photocathodes, however, do not run better than 20 to 30 percent quantum efficiency. Response times can be less than 1 ns so that for the detection of ordinary scintillations, this is more than adequate. Vidicon camera tubes utilize photoconductive type sensors which can have essentially 100 percent quantum efficiency in parts of the spectrum. Unfortunately the read out mechanism introduces lag and noise so that the inherent photoconductor quantum efficiency cannot be fully realized. Recently developed silicon intensifier target (SIT) camera tubes provide a read out mechanism which overcomes much of the amplifier limitation inherent in vidicons, but again, the primary sensor ismore » a photocathode so that 100 percent quantum efficiency is not achieved. SIT tubes are capable, however, of detecting remarkably low level light images with a minimum of lag.« less
Hardware security and split fabrication (2016)

As hardware system designers include third party IPs in their designs and outsource the fabrication to off-shore facilities, hardware security threats are becoming more serious. Threats include the overbuilding and malicious circuit insertion at the foundry during fabrication. Split fabrication for both 2D, 2.5D, and 3D ICs has been suggested to overcome these threats. In split fabrication, the system designer partitions the system into two parts: a complex part and a simple part. The complex part includes all the advanced circuitry that needs to be fabricated in a high-end untrusted fabrication facility. However, without the simple part, it is difficult for the untrusted foundry to identify the functionality of the system. The simple part is fabricated and integrated with the complex part in a trusted old foundry. This paper explores the use of an optimized set of isomorphic cells to implement digital systems. The use of these optimized cells should make it harder for the untrusted foundry to understand the system while simplifying the fabrication and integration process at the trusted foundry. The trade-off between simplifying the fabrication process at the trusted facility and the area overhead is studied on combinational benchmarks. The experimental results indicate that an average of 20% effort reduction can be achieved while maintaining a negligible impact on the area and delay of the original design.