gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of regular expressions for FPGAs (2008)

Regular expressions are being used in many applications to specify multiple and complex text patterns in a compact way. In some of these applications large sets of regular expressions need to be evaluated to detect matched content. Specialised hardware engines are employed when software-based regular expression engines are not able to meet the performance requirements imposed by such applications. Since the sets of regular expressions are periodically modified and/or extended, FPGAs are an attractive hardware solution to achieve both programmability and high-performance demands. However, efficient automatic synthesis tools are of paramount importance to achieve fast prototyping of regular expression engines on these devices. This paper presents an overview of the synthesis of regular expressions with the aim of achieving high-performance engines for FPGAs. We focus on describing current solutions, proposing new solutions for constraint repetitions and overlapped matching, and discussing a number of challenges and open issues. As a case study, we present FPGA implementations of the regular expressions included in two rule-sets of network intrusion detection system (NIDS), Bleeding Edge and Snort, obtained using a state-of-the-art synthesis approach.
Prediction-driven computational auditory scene analysis for dense sound mixtures (1996)

We interpret the sound reaching our ears as the combined effect of independent, sound-producing entities in the external world; hearing would have limited usefulness if were defeated by overlapping sounds. Computer systems that are to interpret real-world sounds -- for speech recognition or for multimedia indexing -- must similarly interpret complex mixtures. However, existing functional models of audition employ only data-driven processing incapable of making context-dependent inferences in the face of interference. We propose a prediction-driven approach to this problem, raising numerous issues including the need to represent any kind of sound, and to handle multiple competing hypotheses. Results from an implementation of this approach illustrate its ability to analyze complex, ambient sound scenes that would confound previous systems.
Hydroformylation of Olefins Using Rhodium Complex Catalysts (Part 1) (1977)

A new catalyst system is described for producing normal aldekydes predominantly from α-olefins. The catalyst consists of a rhodium compound, triphenyl phosphite and sodium acetate. Effects of various reaction parameters on the ratio of n- to iso-aldehyde are reported. Sodium acetate has been found to be highly selective production of normal isomer and for maintaining the activity of the catalyst for a long period of time.The rate of aldehyde formation depends on the concentration of rhodium as follows:d[aldehyde]/dt∝[Rh]1.0 (at initial state) d[aldehyde]/dt∝[Rh]0.7 (at stationary state)However, the concentration of rhodium has little effect on the n/i ratio.
On Order Conditions for Partitioned Symplectic Methods (1997)

We are concerned with symplectic methods for integrating Hamiltonian systems. We focus our attention on the independent order conditions for symplectic integrators that can be expanded as P-series. This class of methods includes the important family of partitioned Runge--Kutta methods. It is known that, as in the nonpartitioned case, the conditions for a partitioned method to be symplectic act as simplifying assumptions, introducing many redundancies in the order conditions. We show that there is a one-to-one correspondence between the set of independent order conditions for symplectic partitioned methods and a suitable set of oriented graphs that we call H-trees. We count the number of such H-trees, i.e., the number of independent order conditions.
Regulation of Peptidoglycan Synthesis by Outer-Membrane Proteins (2010)

Growth of the mesh-like peptidoglycan (PG) sacculus located between the bacterial inner and outer membranes (OM) is tightly regulated to ensure cellular integrity, maintain cell shape, and orchestrate division. Cytoskeletal elements direct placement and activity of PG synthases from inside the cell, but precise spatiotemporal control over this process is poorly understood. We demonstrate that PG synthases are also controlled from outside of the sacculus. Two OM lipoproteins, LpoA and LpoB, are essential for the function, respectively, of PBP1A and PBP1B, the major E. coli bifunctional PG synthases. Each Lpo protein binds specifically to its cognate PBP and stimulates its transpeptidase activity, thereby facilitating attachment of new PG to the sacculus. LpoB shows partial septal localization, and our data suggest that the LpoB-PBP1B complex contributes to OM constriction during cell division. LpoA/LpoB and their PBP-docking regions are restricted to γ-proteobacteria, providing models for niche-specific regulation of sacculus growth.
SciCentr and BioLearn (2000)

In this paper, we present and compare two examples of the use of the Active Worlds client/server technology for implementation of 3D multi-user virtual science museums: SciCentr, developed as a standalone environment at the Cornell Theory Center, Cornell University's high-performance computing center, and Biolearn, a virtual visitors center for the proposed LifeLearn Bioregional Learning Center on the Northern California Coast. SciCenter focuses on interactive exhibits analogous to those of a traditional hands-on science center, but presented solely within the virtual space. In contrast, BioLearn is designed to provide a globally accessible interactive tour of the seaside museum and preserve by offering web-based information about the bioregion in a dynamic, natural 3D setting.
Highly Enantioselective Insertion of Carbenoids into O−H Bonds of Phenols:  An Efficient Approach to Chiral α-Aryloxycarboxylic Esters (2007)

A highly efficient copper-catalyzed asymmetric carbenoid insertion into O−H bonds of phenols has been realized by using chiral spiro bisoxazoline ligands, affording α-aryloxypropionates and the related propionic acids in high yields with excellent enantiomeric excesses.
Experimentally Induced Osteoarthritis in Guinea Pigs (1981)

Developing osteoarthritis, surgically induced in the right hind knee joint of guinea pigs by different procedures (A or B), was studied in animals maintained on either minimal or supplemented levels of dietary vitamin C. Procedure A, consisting of transecting the anterior cruciate and major portion of the medial collateral ligaments, resulted in a slower developing and less severe form of the disease than procedure B which also included a partial menisectomy. Regardless of the surgical procedure used, animals on minimal levels of ascorbate always exhibited more severe pathology than those on high levels. When compared with controls, a significant enhancement of acid phosphatase characterized arthritic cartilage in both supplemented and minimal diet groups, although the increase was 2-fold greater in the latter. In addition, a significant elevation of arylsulfatase A and B activities was observed only in the minimal diet group. Early stages of pathology in both diet groups were characterized by formation of repair cartilage which stained strongly with Safranin O on histologic sections. As the disease progressed, pitting, ulcerations, and eburnation occurred in the minimal diet group. Cartilage weight in normal joints was greater for guinea pigs kept on high levels of vitamin C. It is likely that this stimulated synthesis of cartilage in the supplemented animals protected against the erosion of the articular cartilage which characterized the more severe disease process in the guinea pigs on minimal levels of ascorbate.
Design considerations for a real-time random-noise tracking radar (2004)

Random-noise radar has been applied successfully to range measurement, velocity estimation and terrain/target imaging. For applications involving stationary targets, long integration times and process averaging are easily tolerated. In situations where the target or radar platform moves at high speed, the impact of this relative motion on system design should be considered. This work addresses the statistical performance of a generic random-noise radar receiver and examines the inter-relationships between design parameters and performance tradeoffs. Complementing this examination, a random-noise monopulse system is also investigated as a possible architecture for real-time angle estimation. Simulations and numerical illustrations provide the basis of processor design and performance prediction.
Experimental Model-Based Linearization of a S.I. Engine Gas Injector Flow Chart (2014)

Experimental tests previously executed by the authors on the simultaneous combustion of gasoline and gaseous fuel in a spark ignition engine revealed the presence of strong nonlinearities in the lower part of the gas injector flow chart. These nonlinearities arise via the injector outflow area variation caused by the needle impacts and bounces during the transient phenomena that take place in the opening and closing phases of the injector and may seriously compromise the air-fuel mixture quality control for the lower injection times, thus increasing both fuel consumption and pollutant emissions. Despite the extensive literature about the operation and modelling of fuel injectors, there are no known studies focused on the nonlinearities of the gas injector flow chart and on the way they can be reduced or eliminated. The authors thus developed a mathematical model for the prediction of mass injected by a spark ignition (S.I.) engine gas injector, validated through experimental data. The gas injector has been studied with particular reference to the complex needle motion during the opening and closing phases, which may strongly affect the amount of fuel injected. In this work, the mathematical model previously developed has been employed to study and determine an appropriate injection strategy in order to linearize the injector flow chart to the greatest degree possible. The injection strategy proposed by the authors is based on minimum injection energy considerations and may be easily implemented in current engine control units (ECU) without any hardware modification or additional costs. Once calibrated by means of simulation, this strategy has been validated by experimental data acquired on an appropriately equipped injector test bench. As a result, the real injector flow chart has been substantially improved, reducing its deviation from linearity to one third of the original flow chart, which is an excellent result, especially if the typical measurement dispersion of the injected mass is taken into account. The injection strategy proposed by the authors could extend the linear behaviour of gas injectors and improve the fuel supply by means of a simple software update of the ECU, thus obtaining higher engine efficiency and lower pollutant emissions.
Qualitative Detection of Iodine in Organic Compounds (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQualitative Detection of Iodine in Organic CompoundsJ. G. Sharefkin and H. E. SchwerzCite this: Anal. Chem. 1960, 32, 8, 996–998Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60164a031https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60164a031research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views179Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polygenic Resistance of Pepper to Potyviruses Consists of a Combination of Isolate-Specific and Broad-Spectrum Quantitative Trait Loci (1997)

At least six potyviruses infect pepper crops around the world. Only monogenic resistance with isolate-specific effects or broad-spectrum effects against potyviruses has been identified. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to two potato virus Y (PVY) isolates and to potyvirus E have been mapped in a doubled-haploid progeny from the hybrid between the line Perennial with resistance factors against several potyviruses and the line Yolo Wonder, with 172 DNA markers. Eleven chromosomal regions were found to be associated with quantitative resistance to PVY and potyvirus E by both analysis of variance and non-parametric tests. This resistance results from the association of a major-effect QTL and several minor-effect QTLs. Two minor-effect QTLs originated from the susceptible parent. In addition to additive-effect QTLs, interactions between QTLs were also identified. Based on their spectrum of action, we discriminated QTLs with PVY isolate-or potyvirus-specific effect and loci involved in the resistance to several distinct potyviruses. The locations of QTLs were compared with loci having known qualitative effects against potyviruses; QTLs for PVY and potyvirus E resistance were detected in the vicinity of the pvr2 and pvr6 loci. The origin of the broad-spectrum resistance against potyviruses and the relationships between major genes and QTLs are discussed.
Kinetic investigation of methacrylic acid synthesis on hetropoly‐compounds (1988)

Abstract The kinetics of heterogeneously catalyzed methacrylic acid synthesis from isobutyric acid has been investigated. Initial catalyst screening pointed to 10‐molybdo‐2‐vanado‐phosphoric acid and its Cs‐salts as the most promising catalysts. A model describing the reaction behaviour of all the different hetropoly‐compounds used in this work was developed. A relationship was found between model parameters and composition of different catalysts. First insight was gained into the catalyst deactivation phenomena. Deactivation appears to be caused mainly by loss of molybdenum with simultaneous collapse of the Keggin structure.
MTSUN, LLC v. Mont. Dep't of Pub. Serv. Regulation (2020)

MTSUN, LLC initiated negotiations for a power purchase agreement with NorthWestern Energy in September of 2015 for a potential solar energy facility in eastern Montana. In December of 2016, at an impasse in contract negotiations with NorthWestern, MTSUN filed a petition with the Montana Public Service Commission requesting that the agency exercise its statutory authority to set the terms of the contract for the proposed project. Following MTSUN’s petition, the PSC issued a series of orders and reconsiderations which ultimately reconfigured the entirety of the agreement, including the terms that the parties had previously agreed upon. After exhausting its administrative remedies, MTSUN challenged the PSC’s orders in the Eighth Judicial District Court, Cascade County alleging that the PSC violated the Public Utility Regulatory Policies Act, Montana’s mini-PURPA, and the PSC’s own precedent in establishing the terms of the PPA. MTSUN, LLC. v. Mont. Dep’t of Pub. Serv. Regulation provides some insight into the PSC (one of the lesser-known state agencies) and the future of renewable energy in Montana.
Electrically Small, Millimeter Wave Dual Band Meta-Resonator Antennas (2010)

A meta-resonator antenna is one in which a metamaterial resonator is the radiating element of the antenna. In this paper, meta-resonator antennas are developed using multilayer low temperature co-fired ceramics techniques. A pair of split-ring resonators (SRR) is used as the radiating element of the antenna. The two SRRs have different resonance frequencies due to the opposite placement of the gaps and the antenna can operate at both frequencies. Other multiband antennas can be designed by adding different metamaterial resonators. No matching network is required since feeding is by inductive/capacitive coupling. The size of the meta-resonator antenna is 10% of a conventional microstrip antenna. The electrical size (ka) of the antenna is 0.386, the bandwidth is 2%, gain is 3.76 dB and efficiency is 71%. An omnidirectional meta-resonator antenna is designed by removing the ground plane and by using a microstrip line as the feed line. The feed line can also serve as a monopole antenna if desired. The radiation pattern, efficiency and gain of the omnidirectional meta-resonator antenna are similar to those of a monopole antenna.
Role of phenolics in the resistance mechanisms of plants against fungal pathogens and insects. (2006)

Plant phenolics are secondary metabolites that encompass several classes structurally diverse of natural products biogenetically arising from the shikimate-phenylpropanoids-flavonoids pathways. Plants need phenolic compounds for pigmentation, growth, reproduction, resistance to pathogens and for many other functions. Therefore, they represent adaptive characters that have been subjected to natural Correspondence/Reprint request: Prof. Vincenzo Lattanzio, Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Ambientali, Chimica e Difesa Vegetale, Universita degli Studi di Foggia, 71100-Foggia, Italy. E-mail: v.lattanzio@unifg.it Vincenzo Lattanzio et al. 24 selection during evolution. Plants synthesize a greater array of secondary compounds than animals because they cannot rely on physical mobility to escape their predators and have therefore evolved a chemical defence against such predators. This article, after a short review of plant phenols and polyphenols as UV sunscreens, signal compounds, pigments, internal physiological regulators or chemical messengers, examines some findings in chemical ecology concerning the role of phenolics in the resistance mechanisms of plants against fungal pathogens and phytophagous insects.
Proactive Attribute-based Secure Data Schema for Mobile Cloud in Financial Industry (2015)

Cyber-security has become one of the most significant issues in the financial industry. New threats continuously emerge when new technologies or approaches are introduced. One security challenge is that financial customers are unaware of the hazards due to the hidden third party. We address this issue and propose a novel approach that is proactive defense means using attributed-based encryption and data self-deterministic schema to protect financial clients' privacy information. The proposed novel approach is named as Proactive Dynamic Secure Data Schema (P2DS), which is designed to ensure that the sensitive data cannot be directly used by the unanticipated party. Three algorithms have been proposed for P2DS, including Static Decryption Attribute Algorithm (SDAA), Corresponded Decryption Attribute Algorithm (CDAA), and Proactive Determinative Encryption Algorithm (PDEA). The main contributions of this paper are providing an effective method of protecting customers' privacy and reducing operating risks of the financial organizations. Our experiment has proved the validity and efficiency of the proposed schema.
A Conflict Detection Scheme for Concurrency Control of R—tree (2003)

Despite extensive research on R-trees, most of the proposed schemes have not been integrated into existing DBMS owing to the lack of protocols of concurrency control. R-link tree is an acceptable data structure to deal with this issue, but problems like phantom still exist. In this paper, we focus on a conflict detection scheme based on R-link tree for complete concurrency control. An in-memory operation control list is designed to suspend conflicting operations. The main features of this approach are (1) it can be implemented easily and does not need any extra information; (2) No deadlocks are involved in locking scheme; (3) Non-conflicting operations are not restricted; and (4) Phantom problems in R-link tree are avoided through beforehand predication. The experiment results show that this scheme is correct and gains better system performance.
Designed Cyclic Permutants of HIV-1 gp120: Implications for Envelope Trimer Structure and Immunogen Design (2012)

Most HIV-1 broadly neutralizing antibodies are directed against the gp120 subunit of the env surface protein. Native env consists of a trimer of gp120-gp41 heterodimers, and in contrast to monomeric gp120, preferentially binds CD4 binding site (CD4bs)-directed neutralizing antibodies over non-neutralizing ones. Some cryo-electron tomography studies have suggested that the V1V2 loop regions of gp120 are located close to the trimer interface. We have therefore designed cyclically permuted variants of gp120 with and without the h-CMP and SUMO2a trimerization domains inserted into the V1V2 loop. h-CMP-V1cyc is one such variant in which residues 153 and 142 are the N- and C-terminal residues, respectively, of cyclically permuted gp120 and h-CMP is fused to the N-terminus. This molecule forms a trimer under native conditions and binds CD4 and the neutralizing CD4bs antibodies b12 with significantly higher affinity than wild-type gp120. It binds non-neutralizing CD4bs antibody F105 with lower affinity than gp120. A similar derivative, h-CMP-V1cyc1, bound the V1V2 loop-directed broadly neutralizing antibodies PG9 and PG16 with ∼20-fold higher affinity than wild-type JRCSF gp120. These cyclic permutants of gp120 are properly folded and are potential immunogens. The data also support env models in which the V1V2 loops are proximal to the trimer interface.
Modeling mitochondrial function (2006)

The mitochondrion represents a unique opportunity to apply mathematical modeling to a complex biological system. Understanding mitochondrial function and control is important since this organelle is critical in energy metabolism as well as playing key roles in biochemical synthesis, redox control/signaling, and apoptosis. A mathematical model, or hypothesis, provides several useful insights including a rigorous test of the consensus view of the operation of a biological process as well as providing methods of testing and creating new hypotheses. The advantages of the mitochondrial system for applying a mathematical model include the relative simplicity and understanding of the matrix reactions, the ability to study the mitochondria as a independent contained organelle, and, most importantly, one can dynamically measure many of the internal reaction intermediates, on line. The developing ability to internally monitor events within the metabolic network, rather than just the inflow and outflow, is extremely useful in creating critical bounds on complex mathematical models using the individual reaction mechanisms available. However, many serious problems remain in creating a working model of mitochondrial function including the incomplete definition of metabolic pathways, the uncertainty of using in vitro enzyme kinetics, as well as regulatory data in the intact system and the unknown chemical activities of relevant molecules in the matrix. Despite these formidable limitations, the advantages of the mitochondrial system make it one of the best defined mammalian metabolic networks that can be used as a model system for understanding the application and use of mathematical models to study biological systems.