gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Strategies for Demand Response in Commercial Buildings (2006)

This paper describes strategies that can be used in commercial buildings to temporarily reduce electric load in response to electric grid emergencies in which supplies are limited or in response to high prices that would be incurred if these strategies were not employed.The demand response strategies discussed herein are based on the results of three years of automated demand response field tests in which 28 commercial facilities with an occupied area totaling over 11 million ft. 2 were tested.Although the demand response events in the field tests were initiated remotely and performed automatically, the strategies used could also be initiated by on-site building operators and performed manually, if desired.While energy efficiency measures can be used during normal building operations, demand response measures are transient; they are employed to produce a temporary reduction in demand.Demand response strategies achieve reductions in electric demand by temporarily reducing the level of service in facilities.Heating ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) and lighting are the systems most commonly adjusted for demand response in commercial buildings.The goal of demand response strategies is to meet the electric shed savings targets while minimizing any negative impacts on the occupants of the buildings or the processes that they perform.Occupant complaints were minimal in the field tests.In some cases, "reductions" in service level actually improved occupant comfort or productivity.In other cases, permanent improvements in efficiency were discovered through the planning and implementation of "temporary" demand response strategies.The DR strategies that are available to a given facility are based on factors such as the type of HVAC, lighting and energy management and control systems (EMCS) installed at the site.
Chemical Redox Reactions Induced by Cryptoelectrons on a PMMA Surface (2009)

We show that pristine PMMA can spontaneously transfer electrons to species in a liquid, thereby inducing a variety of electron transfer reactions. The electrons that are transferred we call cryptoelectrons; these have a surface density of the order of 5 x 10(13) cm(-2) and are at a considerably more negative reduction potential than the PMMA bonding electrons. For example, metal ions including Ag(+), Cu(2+), and Pd(2+) were reduced and plated on a PMMA surface and Fe(CN)(6)(3-) was reduced to Fe(CN)(6)(4-). Moreover, protons were reduced when PMMA powder was dropped into a slightly acidic solution, resulting in a pH increase and hydrogen generation. Chemiluminescence was produced in a solution containing Ru(bpy)(3)(2+) and S(2)O(8)(2-) with the addition of PMMA powder. These results clearly demonstrate that there are available electrons in PMMA that can participate in redox reactions at a rather negative potential. We also show that contacting PMMA with Teflon depletes this electronic surface charge. However, the PMMA used for a redox reaction or contacted with Teflon that was depleted of the electronic surface charge could be recharged by contacting with a suitable reductant.
Evaluation of Meloxicam (A Cox-2 Inhibitor) for Management of Postoperative Endodontic Pain: A Double-blind Placebo-controlled Study (2003)

Successful management of endodontic pain represents a continuing challenge. The purpose of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group trial was to compare the pain reducing effect of oral preparations of meloxicam, piroxicam, and placebo in endodontic emergency patients. A total of 51 patients who presented to the Tehran University endodontic clinic and one private dental clinic were invited to participate. Patients were asked to evaluate their pretreatment pain with a visual-analog scale. After root canal therapy they were randomly assigned to one of three groups: meloxicam, piroxicam, or placebo. Each patient was sent home with a visual-analog scale to fill out at 8 and 24 h after completion of therapy. The results of this study showed no significant differences between efficacy of meloxicam, piroxicam, and placebo, but a significant effect of the time factor in reducing postoperative pain in all treatment groups was observed.
Emerging Biology of Malignant Salivary Gland Tumors Offers New Insights into the Classification and Treatment of Mucoepidermoid Cancer (2006)

In this issue of Clinical Cancer Research , Okabe et al. ([1][1]) have analyzed 71 cases of mucoepidermoid cancer and 51 cases of non-mucoepidermoid cancer for the presence of the Mect1-Maml2 fusion oncogene and have made a valuable observation. They confirmed that Mect1-Maml2 expression is specific
Capsaicinoids: their separation, synthesis, and mutagenicity (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCapsaicinoids: their separation, synthesis, and mutagenicityPeter M. Gannett, Donald L. Nagel, Pam J. Reilly, Terence Lawson, Jody Sharpe, and Bela TothCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 5, 1064–1071Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00240a024https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00240a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views5773Altmetric-Citations106LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An Unequal Wilkinson Power Divider with Variable Dividing Ratio (2007)

In this paper, an unequal 1:N Wilkinson power divider with variable power dividing ratio is proposed. The proposed unequal power divider is composed of the conventional Wilkinson divider structure, rectangular-shaped defected ground structure (DGS), island in DGS, and varactor diodes of which capacitance is adjustable according to bias voltage. The high impedance value of microstrip line having DGS is going up and down by adjusting the bias voltage for varactor diodes. Output power dividing ratio (N) is adjusted from 2.59 to 10.4 for the unequal power divider with 2 diodes.
Nature, Music, and Algorithmic Composition (1995)

puter that can use simple algorithms to automatically compose new pieces of music. The main theory in this article, which allows existing works to be analyzed in terms of tree structures, is reminiscent of the work by Fred Lerdahl and Ray Jackendoff (1983). However, we arrive at our event tree notion from a different fundamental stance. This theory, along with other new theories and methods in the analysis of music, are outlined in this article and embodied in an experimental software system for melody generation, XComposer. Previous attempts at musical analysis (Bent and Drabkin 1987) have often used tonal music as a base, making the resulting techniques inapplicable to other types of music. Such a technique was developed by Heinrich Schenker, who held that most musical works have a fundamental tonal structure embracing the whole composition. The Schenkerian technique reduces an original work to successive scores, each with fewer and fewer notes. Progression from one score to another involves grouping notes together and replacing each group by a single note. The final score, termed the background, contains one note that represents the work's fundamental tonal structure. Other analytic techniques include Roudolph Reti's Thematic Process, which tries to identify recurring non-rhythmic themes within a piece, and Hans Keller's Functional Analysis, which sees music as a constant battle between repeated themes and new information. All these forms of analysis could be used in reverse to synthesize certain elements of music. However, the analysis techniques lack generality, objectivity, and the ability to account for all the constructs that occur in music. (For example, how a e themes combined? Is it just a random process, or does it involve some kind of talent?) We believe that these problems will always exist in any analysis method that does not view music as something simple and fundamental. A critical look at some of the more obvious properties of music show what any analysis/resynthesis method should take into account.
The Anti-Inflammatory Drug Leflunomide Is an Agonist of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (2010)

These data reveal that leflunomide, an anti-inflammatory drug, is an agonist of the AhR. Our findings link AhR activation by leflunomide to inhibition of fin regeneration in zebrafish. Identification of alternative AhR agonists is a critical step in evaluating the AhR as a therapeutic target for the treatment of immune disorders.
Automatic Detection and Classification of Pole-Like Objects for Urban Cartography Using Mobile Laser Scanning Data (2017)

Mobile laser scanning (MLS) is a modern and powerful technology capable of obtaining massive point clouds of objects in a short period of time. Although this technology is nowadays being widely applied in urban cartography and 3D city modelling, it has some drawbacks that need to be avoided in order to strengthen it. One of the most important shortcomings of MLS data is concerned with the fact that it provides an unstructured dataset whose processing is very time-consuming. Consequently, there is a growing interest in developing algorithms for the automatic extraction of useful information from MLS point clouds. This work is focused on establishing a methodology and developing an algorithm to detect pole-like objects and classify them into several categories using MLS datasets. The developed procedure starts with the discretization of the point cloud by means of a voxelization, in order to simplify and reduce the processing time in the segmentation process. In turn, a heuristic segmentation algorithm was developed to detect pole-like objects in the MLS point cloud. Finally, two supervised classification algorithms, linear discriminant analysis and support vector machines, were used to distinguish between the different types of poles in the point cloud. The predictors are the principal component eigenvalues obtained from the Cartesian coordinates of the laser points, the range of the Z coordinate, and some shape-related indexes. The performance of the method was tested in an urban area with 123 poles of different categories. Very encouraging results were obtained, since the accuracy rate was over 90%.
Convergence and Applications of a Gossip-Based Gauss-Newton Algorithm (2013)

The Gauss-Newton algorithm is a popular and efficient centralized method for solving non-linear least squares (NLLS) problems. In this paper, a multi-agent distributed version of this algorithm is proposed to solve general NLLS problems in a network, named Gossip-based Gauss-Newton (GGN) algorithm. Furthermore, we analyze and present sufficient conditions for its convergence and show numerically that the GGN algorithm achieves performance comparable to the centralized algorithm, with graceful degradation in case of network failures. More importantly, the GGN algorithm provides significant performance gains compared to other distributed first order methods.
Antibiofilm Properties of Interfacially Active Lipase Immobilized Porous Polycaprolactam Prepared by LB Technique (2014)

Porous biomaterial is the preferred implant due to the interconnectivity of the pores. Chances of infection due to biofilm are also high in these biomaterials because of the presence of pores. Although biofilm in implants contributes to 80% of human infections, there are no commercially available natural therapeutics against it. In the current study, glutaraldehyde cross linked lipase was transferred onto a activated porous polycaprolactam surface using Langmuir-Blodgett deposition technique, and its thermostability, slimicidal, antibacterial, biocompatibility and surface properties were studied. There was a 20% increase in the activity of the covalently crosslinked lipase when compared to its free form. This immobilized surface was thermostable and retained activity and stability until 100°C. There was a 2 and 7 times reduction in carbohydrate and 9 and 5 times reduction in biofilm protein of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli respectively on lipase immobilized polycaprolactam (LIP) when compared to uncoated polycaprolactam (UP). The number of live bacterial colonies on LIP was four times less than on UP. Lipase acted on the cell wall of the bacteria leading to its death, which was confirmed from AFM, fluorescence microscopic images and amount of lactate dehydrogenase released. LIP allowed proliferation of more than 90% of 3T3 cells indicating that it was biocompatible. The fact that LIP exhibits antimicrobial property at the air-water interface to hydrophobic as well as hydrophilic bacteria along with lack of cytotoxicity makes it an ideal biomaterial for biofilm prevention in implants.
Production, Binding Characteristics and Protective Immunity of Monoclonal Antibody to Pneumococcal Type‐9V Conjugate (1996)

A monoclonal antibody (MAb) to pneumococcal type-9V polysaccharide (PS) was produced using PS conjugated to inactivated pneumolysin as the immunogen. The MAb to 9V PS was of the IgG1 subclass. The antigen-antibody reaction increased rapidly at low concentrations and reached a plateau at 10 micrograms PS/ml as measured by nephelometry of the group 9 PS against 9V MAb binding. In contrast, the binding of group 9 PS against rabbit 9V antiserum (AS) increased proportionally and continued to increase up to the highest concentration of PS tested (20 micrograms PS/ml). The 9V MAb reacted with all group 9 PSs (9A, 9L, 9N and 9V) by immunodiffusion. In the homologous 9V Ag-MAb reaction, there were marked differences in the inhibition of binding by the cross-reactive 9L PS (19.2% inhibition) and the 9N PS (0.2%). In contrast, inhibition of the homologous 9V Ag-rabbit AS binding by cross-reactive 9L and 9N PSs ranged from 57.8 to 62.7%. Removal of the O-acetyl group from 9V PS by alkali hydrolysis resulted in decreased binding with rabbit 9V AS. However, the binding reaction with 9V MAb was less affected by the loss of O-acetyl content. The 9V MAb was both opsonic and passively protected young mice against challenge with type-9V pneumococci.
Risk Factors for Pediatric Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Infection and Predictors of Infectious Pathogens (2003)

Identification of risk factors for shunt infection and predictors of infectious pathogens may improve current methods to prevent and treat shunt infections. We reviewed data on 820 consecutive ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt placement procedures in 442 pediatric patients at our institution during 1992-1998. Ninety-two shunts (11%) developed infection a median of 19 days (interquartile range, 11-35 days) after insertion. Premature birth (relative risk [RR], 4.81; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.19-10.87), previous shunt infection (RR, 3.83; 95% CI, 2.40-6.13), and intraoperative use of the neuroendoscope (RR, 1.58; 95% CI, 1.01-2.50) were independent risk factors for shunt infection. The bacterial organisms early after shunt surgery (<14 days) were the same as those late after shunt surgery (>14 days). As determined by an analysis of the 92 infected shunts, hospital stay of >3 days at the time of shunt insertion (odds ratio [OR], 5.27; 95% CI, 1.15-25.3) and prior Staphylococcus aureus shunt infection (OR, 5.91; 95% CI, 1.35-25.9) independently increased the odds that S. aureus was the causal pathogen.
A simple design of FIR filters with powers-of-two coefficients (1988)

A design algorithm for finite-impulse response (FIR) filters with powers-of-two coefficients (2PFIR filters) is presented. The algorithm enables the design of 2PFIR filters with sharp cutoff. The 2PFIR filters are attractive for high-speed operation and simplification of hardware. However, the optimal or suboptimal design of 2PFIR filters with sharp cutoff have been difficult in the minimax sense. The algorithm proposed is composed of two methods. The first is suboptimal design, which preserves a proportional relation between the coefficients of the conventional FIR filters and the 2PFIR filters. This method is referred to as the proportional relation-preserve (PRP) method. The second is the application of the simple symmetric-sharpening (SSS) method. The SSS method is applied when the PRP method cannot realize the given filter specifications. Using the PRP and SSS methods, the 2PFIR with filter length N>200 can be easily designed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Investigations of the Deuterium Permeability of As-Deposited and Oxidized Ti2AlN Coatings (2020)

Aluminum containing M<sub>n+1</sub>AX<sub>n</sub> (MAX) phase materials have attracted increasing attention due to their corrosion resistance, a pronounced self-healing effect and promising diffusion barrier properties for hydrogen. We synthesized Ti<sub>2</sub>AlN coatings on ferritic steel substrates by physical vapor deposition of alternating Ti- and AlN-layers followed by thermal annealing. The microstructure developed a {0001}-texture with platelet-like shaped grains. To investigate the oxidation behavior, the samples were exposed to a temperature of 700 °C in a muffle furnace. Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) depth profiles revealed the formation of oxide scales, which consisted mainly of dense and stable α-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. The oxide layer thickness increased with a time dependency of ~t<sup>1/4</sup>. Electron probe micro analysis (EPMA) scans revealed a diffusion of Al from the coating into the substrate. Steel membranes with as-deposited Ti<sub>2</sub>AlN and partially oxidized Ti<sub>2</sub>AlN coatings were used for permeation tests. The permeation of deuterium from the gas phase was measured in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) permeation cell by mass spectrometry at temperatures of 30-400 °C. We obtained a permeation reduction factor (PRF) of 45 for a pure Ti<sub>2</sub>AlN coating and a PRF of ~3700 for the oxidized sample. Thus, protective coatings, which prevent hydrogen-induced corrosion, can be achieved by the proper design of Ti<sub>2</sub>AlN coatings with suitable oxide scale thicknesses.
Temperature‐dependent inactivation and catalysis rates of plant‐based ureases for engineered biomineralization (2020)

Abstract Engineered (bio)mineralization uses the enzyme urease to catalyze the hydrolysis of urea to promote carbonate mineral precipitation. The current study investigates the influence of temperature on ureolysis rate and degree of inactivation of plant‐sourced ureases over a range of environmentally relevant temperatures. Batch experiments at 30°C demonstrated that jack bean meal (JBM) has a 1.7 to 56 times higher activity (844 μmol urea hydrolyzed g −1 JBM min −1 ) than the other tested plant‐sourced ureases (soybean, pigeon pea and cottonseed). Hence, ureolysis and enzyme inactivation rates were evaluated for JBM at temperatures between 20°C and 80°C. A combined first‐order urea hydrolysis and first‐order enzyme inactivation model described the inactivation of urease over the investigated range of temperatures. The temperature‐dependent rate coefficients ( k urea ) increased with temperature and ranged from 0.0018 at 20°C to 0.0249 L g −1 JBM min −1 at 80°C; JBM urease became ≥50% inactivated in as little as 5.2 minutes at 80°C and in as long as 2238 minutes at 50°C. The combined urea hydrolysis kinetics and enzyme inactivation model provides a mathematical relationship useful for the design of biomineralization technologies and can be incorporated into reactive transport models.
Defective intracellular activity of GDP‐<scp>d</scp>‐mannose‐4,6‐dehydratase in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II syndrome (1998)

Leukocyte adhesion deficiency type II (LAD II) is a rare genetic disease characterized by severe immunodeficiency which is related to defective expression in leukocytes of sialyl‐Lewis X (SLeX), a fucosylated ligand for endothelial selectins. The molecular basis of LAD II is still unknown, but has been tentatively localized in the de novo pathway of GDP‐ l ‐fucose biosynthesis from GDP‐ d ‐mannose. Here, we demonstrate that in cell lysates from a LAD II patient, GDP‐ d ‐mannose‐4,6‐dehydratase (GMD), the first of the two enzymes of the pathway has a defective activity compared to control subjects. GMD in cell lysates from both parents showed intermediate activity levels. Cloning of GMD from patient and control lymphocytes ruled out any mutation affecting the amino acid GMD sequence and the purified recombinant proteins from both controls and the patient showed identical specific activities. Since the levels of immunoreactive GMD in cell lysates were comparable in the patient and in controls, the biochemical deficiency of intracellular GMD activity in LAD II seems to be due to mutation(s) affecting some still unidentified GMD‐regulating protein.
Cryptosporidiosis: An Emerging, Highly Infectious Threat (1997)

Cryptosporidium parvum, a leading cause of persistent diarrhea in developing countries, is a major threat to the U.S. water supply. Able to infect with as few as 30 microscopic oocysts, Cryptosporidium is found in untreated surface water, as well as in swimming and wade pools, day-care centers, and hospitals. The organism can cause illnesses lasting longer than 1 to 2 weeks in previously healthy persons or indefinitely in immunocompromised patients; furthermore, in young children in developing countries, cryptosporidiosis predisposes to substantially increased diarrheal illnesses. Recent increased awareness of the threat of cryptosporidiosis should improve detection in patients with diarrhea. New methods such as those using polymerase chain reaction may help with detection of Cryptosporidium in water supplies or in asymptomatic carriers. Although treatment is very limited, new approaches that may reduce secretion or enhance repair of the damaged intestinal mucosa are under study.