gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nebulized Drug Admixtures: Effect on Aerosol Characteristics and Albuterol Output (2006)

Although not recommended, co-administration of drugs separately prescribed for nebulization is done in real life. The impact of this practice on drug output and aerosol characteristics is poorly understood. We studied the effect of drug admixtures (DA) on aerosol characteristics and drug output of nebulized albuterol delivered by a continuous output (CONT) and a breath enhanced nebulizer (BEN). Albuterol was nebulized alone (ALB) and combined with cromolyn sodium (A+CRO), ipratropium bromide (A+IB), tobramycin (A+TOB), flunisolide (A+FLU), and n-acetylcysteine (A+NAC). A BEN (PARI LC Plus) and a CONT (Hudson T UP-DRAFT II) were tested at 8 liters per minute (Lpm) for 2 and 5 min, respectively. Albuterol output and aerosol characteristics were determined by impaction and chemical analysis. Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD; microm) A+CRO reduced MMAD from 2.57 (ALB) to 1.29 with CONT. A+FLU increased MMAD from 2.71 (ALB) to 3.40 with BEN. Geometric standard deviation (GSD) A+CRO increased GSD from 2.66 (ALB) to 3.36 with CONT. GSD was 2.33 for ALB and was not changed by DA with BEN. BEN generated a smaller and less heterodisperse aerosol than CONT. Respirable fraction (RF%) was 74% for ALB and was not changed by DA with CON. A+TOB and A+FLU decreased RF% from 75%, to 70% and 67% (respectively) with BEN. Respirable mass (RM; microg) for ALB was 935 and was not changed by DA with CONT. A+IB and A+FLU increased RM from 917 (ALB) to 1172 and 1240, respectively, with BEN. Co-nebulization of albuterol with other drugs can affect its output and aerosol characteristics. In vivo data is needed to asses the clinical implications of our findings.
Steric Field-Flow Fractionation: A New Method for Separating I to 100 μm Particles (1978)

Abstract Steric field-flow fractionation (steric FFF) is described as a high field limit of normal FFF that separates particles according to their diameter or radius. Retention equations are used to describe the phenomenon; these equations lead to the suggestion that steric FFF is applicable to particles from 1 to 100 μm as a minimum range. Conditions that control resolution are discussed, and fundamental similarities and differences between steric FFF on one hand and normal FFF and hydrodynamic chromatography on the other hand are noted. Optimum flow conditions are discussed and the complication of describing the migration of irregular particles is noted. Preliminary experiments with glass beads of 10 to 30 μm diameter demonstrate the existence of fractionation.
Anwendung des ultraroten Spektrums in der chemischen Industrie (1947)

Abstract Der vorliegende Aufsatz soll einen Überblick über den Stand der Anwendung des ultraroten Spektrums In der chemischen Industrie geben. Es werden die beiden Entwicklungsrichtungen dargestellt, die durch die Namen Registrierspektrograph und Ultrarotabsorptionsschreiber gekennzeichnet sind. Es sei jedoch betont, daß diese Übersicht keineswegs Vollständigkelt erstrebt, sondern die bei uns entwickelten Verfahren und Erfahrungen in den Vordergrund der Betrachtung stellt und andere, vorwiegend im Ausland durchgeführte Arbeiten nur soweit erwähnt, wie es zur Ergänzung und Abrundung notwendig erscheint.
Fibrin and Collagen Differentially but Synergistically Regulate Sprout Angiogenesis of Human Dermal Microvascular Endothelial Cells in 3-Dimensional Matrix (2013)

Angiogenesis is a highly regulated event involving complex, dynamic interactions between microvascular endothelial cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. Alteration of ECM composition and architecture is a hallmark feature of wound clot and tumor stroma. We previously reported that during angiogenesis, endothelial cell responses to growth factors are modulated by the compositional and mechanical properties of a surrounding three-dimensional (3D) extracellular matrix (ECM) that is dominated by either cross-linked fibrin or type I collagen. However, the role of 3D ECM in the regulation of angiogenesis associated with wound healing and tumor growth is not well defined. This study investigates the correlation of sprout angiogenesis and ECM microenvironment using in vivo and in vitro 3D angiogenesis models. It demonstrates that fibrin and type I collagen 3D matrices differentially but synergistically regulate sprout angiogenesis. Thus blocking both integrin alpha v beta 3 and integrin alpha 2 beta 1 might be a novel strategy to synergistically block sprout angiogenesis in solid tumors.
LEUKOCYTE ADHERENCE AND SEQUESTRATION FOLLOWING HEMORRHAGIC SHOCK AND TOTAL ISCHEMIA IN RATS (1999)

The pathogenesis of generalized microvascular injury following hemorrhagic shock and total ischemia appears to be dependent on leukocytes interacting with the venular endothelium. The purpose of this study was to compare leukocyte adherence and sequestration following hemorrhagic shock with that of total ischemia in the small bowel mesentery of rats. Leukocyte adherence and sequestration was measured by direct visualization in vivo using intravital microscopy. In addition, sequestration was also quantitated by measuring tissue levels of myeloperoxidase, a marker of leukocyte infiltration. Mean arterial blood pressure was decreased to 40 mm Hg for 30 min (hemorrhagic shock group). In the total ischemia group, both the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries were clamped for 30 min followed by reperfusion. Hemorrhagic shock (9.4+/-1.5 cell/100 microm) and total ischemia (8.3+/-3 cell/100 microm) caused a statistically significant increases in leukocyte adherence 60 min postinsult as compared with controls (.9+/-1.5 cell/100 microm). However, the increase in leukocyte adherence appeared earlier and to a greater degree initially following total ischemia. Leukocyte sequestration as measured by intravital microscopy was significant only after total ischemia [(24.6+/-1.7 cell/(100 microm)2; p<.01] and not hemorrhagic shock [3.4+/-.6 cell/(100 microm)2] versus controls [2.2+/-.2 cell/(100 microm)2]. This difference in sequestration was also confirmed by tissue levels of myeloperoxidase. The results of this study suggest that the microvascular response following hemorrhagic shock is different than that of total ischemia, and caution is warranted when extrapolating the experimental results of one to the other.
Evaluation of fingerprinting techniques and a windows-based dynamic honeypot (2013)

Server honeypots are static systems, setup to monitor attacks on research and production networks. Static honeypots are unable to represent the dynamic nature of today's networks where different numbers of hardware devices and hosts running various operating systems are online at a particular time and frequently join and leave a network. A single static server honeypot presents a particular operating system, open ports and hardware type which are associated with a unique address (i.e. IP/MAC address). A static honeypot system is also always present on the network while other hosts leave and join frequently. These properties of static systems can be a revealing indication of presence of a honeypot within a network. Dynamic honeypots overcome the static nature of server honeypots by automatically adjusting the number of hosts, operating systems and running services of honeypots deployed in a network environment, based on the topology of the production network. In this paper a dynamic honeypot design with self-configuring capabilities based on Windows platform is presented with a focus on usability and simplicity in installation, configuration and management. The honeypot can be deployed within production networks without requiring prior knowledge of network topology, hardware, operating systems and associated services and open ports on the network. Dynamic honeypots can lead to popularity and increased adaption of server honeypots with end-users and within production networks. Active and passive fingerprinting techniques utilized in the process of mapping a network and its systems for dynamic honeypot deployments are also evaluated and their accuracy and speed in detection are measured and discussed.
Potential Indications for the Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (1992)

The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) include fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, citalopram, paroxetine and sertraline. These medications may be effective for a variety of indications. The literature clearly supports their efficacy in some of these conditions in major depression. Data concerning their use in other areas is clearly preliminary but promising. These include reports of treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder, atypical depression, panic disorder, premenstrual tension, eating disorders, substance use disorders, chronic pain, dementia, and personality disorders with aggressive or impulsive features. The variety of clinical uses for the SSRIs may compel re-examination of traditional diagnostic categories and theories of how antidepressants work.
2D RAKE receivers for CDMA cellular systems (2002)

A major advantage of spread-spectrum communication systems is their ability to exploit the multipath structure of the received signal. Different paths can be characterized by their time delays, attenuations, and angles of arrival. A standard RAKE receiver recombines different path signals and mitigates the effects of multipath by separating the paths in time domain. A method of exploiting the spatial properties of the multipath environment using multiple element antenna arrays is proposed where both code and spatial structure of signals can be used to improve SINR. The simulation results present the performance of such a multichannel receiver.
Prediction of charge and dipole solitons in DNA molecules based on the behaviour of phosphate bridges as tunnel elements (1998)

Motivated by our view of chemical bonds as tunnel elements and by the studies of one-dimensional arrays of mesoscopic tunnel junctions, we investigate charge and dipole soliton dynamics in DNA molecules. We predict the existence of charge solitons in single-strand DNA and of charge and dipole solitons in double-strand DNA. We discuss possible roles of these excitations in DNA functioning, and propose specific experiments for testing our predictions.
Efficient Light Collection and Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Using a Photonic Integrated Circuit (2012)

Efficient collection of light into a photonic integrated circuit is becoming increasingly important. To couple light from free-space into an integrated circuit, one needs to efficiently guide it into a photonic wire. By using multiple light capturing elements and tuning their respective phases, it is possible to efficiently guide light into a single-mode waveguide, even when the phase front is distorted. Using a similar approach, a direction-of-arrival estimation is also performed. This is useful in free-space optical links or wavefront analysis. A 16 element integrated structure that performs these functions is presented here. Increasing the number of elements and downscaling the size will further improve the performance.
Control of AIF-mediated Cell Death by the Functional Interplay of SIRT1 and PARP-1 in Response to DNA Damage (2006)

Cell survival after genotoxic stress is determined by a counterbalance of pro- and anti-death factors. Sirtuins (SIRTs) are deacetylases that promote cell survival whereas poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) can act both as survival and death inducing factor and the two protein families are strictly dependent on NAD(+) for their activities. Here we report that SIRT1 modulates PARP-1 activity upon DNA damage. Activation of SIRT1 by resveratrol leads to reduced PARP-1 activity and there is a drastic increase in PAR synthesis in sirt1-null cells. The unbalanced regulation of PARP-1 in the absence of SIRT1 results in AIF (apoptosis inducing factor)-mediated cell death. Our findings establish a functional link between the two NAD+-dependent enzyme systems and provide a physiological interpretation for the mechanism of death in cells lacking SIRT1.
EFFECT OF METHIONINE AND METHIONINE SULPHOXIMINE ON RAT BRAIN <i>S</i>‐ADENOSYL METHIONINE LEVELS (1975)

Abstract— Rat brain SAM levels were markedly increased after methionine administration, whereas the convulsant, L‐methionine‐dl‐sulphoximine (MSO), produced a 35 per cent decrease in whole brain content of S ‐adenosyl‐L‐methionine (SAM). When methionine was given in combination with MSO, SAM levels were not decreased. Studies on the regional distribution of SAM revealed only a small variation between regions (from 24 nmol/g in midbrain to 49‐5 nmol/g in striatum). SAM levels were reduced by about 50 per cent in the cerebellum, striatum, cortex and hippocampus 3 and 6 h after MSO. It is proposed that abberant cerebral methylation processes may be involved in the genesis of the MSO seizure.
Serology of coccidioidomycosis (1990)

Serologic tests have assisted in the diagnosis and prognosis of coccidioidomycosis for a half-century. The causative agent, Coccidioides immitis, is a dimorphic fungus existing in a hyphal form with arthroconidia in nature and in the usual culture. The arthroconidia represent the inhaled infective forms which in vivo and under special laboratory conditions form spherules which endosporulate. The culture filtrate/autolysate (coccidioidin) from the hyphal phase has provided antigens of suitable reliability for currently used serologic tests. These tests are primarily to determine the two major antibody responses: the early immunoglobulin M (IgM) response is useful in the diagnosis of acute primary coccidioidomycosis. Later, IgG is produced and usually outlasts the IgM, persisting in chronic coccidioidomycosis. The IgM is detectable by tube precipitin, a corresponding immunodiffusion, or latex particle agglutination tests. The pertinent antigen(s) is heat stable and pronase resistant and appears to be largely carbohydrate, mainly mannose with some 3-O-methyl mannose. The IgG detectable in the serum and other body fluids by complement fixation and a corresponding immuno-diffusion is useful in diagnosis, and its quantitation provides an indicator of progression of disease (increasing titer) or regression (decreasing titer). The pertinent antigen appears to be a heat-labile, pronase-sensitive protein which in an unreduced form has a molecular weight of 110,000. A third very useful serologic procedure is the exoantigen test for identification of putative cultures of C. immitis.
Concentration of Human Cytomegalovirus from Large Volumes of Tissue Culture Fluids (1979)

Three methods of pelleting, ultracentrifugation (95000 g for 60 min), precipitation with polyethylene glycol 6000 (5% v/v), and with ammonium sulphate (38% w/v), were used to concentrate human cytomegalovirus (CMV) from tissue culture fluids. Maximum recovery of infectious virus particles was obtained with the polyethylene glycol (PEG) method. The precipitating activity of PEG 6000 and PEG 20000 was then compared at different concentrations. The best results were obtained with PEG 6000 at a final concentration of 5% (v/v). Changes in pH or salt concentration, treatment of the concentrates with Pronase and long periods of time at 4 degrees C significantly reduced the number of biologically active CMV particles recovered by PEG precipitation.
ChemInform Abstract: Polarized Ketene Dithioacetals. Part 50. Reactions of α‐Aroyl‐α‐bromoketene Dithioacetals with Hydrazine Hydrate: Formation of Rearranged Pyrazoles. (1987)

Abstract Reaction of the dithioacetals (Ia)‐(Ic) according to A) yields the corresponding pyrazoles (II)‐(IV), whereas in the case of (Id) only type (II) and (IV) is formed.
A hierarchical multilayer QoS routing system with dynamic SLA management (2000)

This paper proposes a hierarchical multilayer QoS routing system with dynamic SLA management for large-scale IP networks. Previously, the promising approach to provide QoS in large-scale IP networks using a mixture of DiffServ-based QoS management and MPLS-based traffic engineering has been actively discussed. However, the introduction of QoS exacerbates the already existing scalability problems of the standard IP routing protocols. In order to address this issue, we propose a new scalable routing framework based on hierarchical QoS-aware path computation. We augment the existing OSPF and CR-LDP protocols to support hierarchical QoS routing, QoS aggregation, and QoS reservation in our MPLS-DiffServ-based hierarchical routing network. In order to provide additional flexibility and cost-efficiency, we augment the network with a policy server which is capable of dynamically handling SLAs between the networks and providing load balancing management within the network. We implement a prototype of the proposed framework and study its performance with a virtual network simulator and specially designed QoS routing algorithm simulator. In our simulations, we evaluate both the implementation complexity and algorithms performance; the results demonstrate the efficiency of the framework and its advantages over the existing proposals.
ADJACENT VERTEX SUM POLYNOMIAL OF FACTOGRAPHS (2015)

Please refer the attached document for abstract. Because this box not accepting the mathematical notations. Thanking you.
Recent Development and New Trend of Nonlinear Optical Borate Crystals. (1998)

The interest in the use of borate crystals in nonlinear optics (NLO) has increased because all solid-stateshort-wavelength lasers obtained with NLO are in highly demand. Much effort has been spent on developingborates series, such as β-BaB204 (BBO) and LiB3O5 (LBO), in this decade. Recently another new boratecrystals, CsLiB6O10 (CLBO), GdCa40 (B03) 3 (GdCOB), YCa40 (B03) 3 (YCOB) and Sr2Be2B2O7 (SBBO) families, have been discovered and developed. Here, the growth, NLO and frequency conversion properties ofthese new borate crystals are reviewed, with emphasis on the history of the development of this crystal group.
Yield of Transcranial Doppler in Acute Cerebral Ischemia (1999)

A proximal occlusion on TCD was found in 69% of thrombolysis-eligible patients. In 26% of all patients, TCD provided further relevant information that, in addition to angiography, helped to refine the severity of a stenosis and determine stroke pathogenesis. Emergent TCD is both sensitive and specific in determining arterial occlusion and stenosis in acute cerebral ischemia.
Ethane/Ethene Separation Turned on Its Head: Selective Ethane Adsorption on the Metal−Organic Framework ZIF-7 through a Gate-Opening Mechanism (2010)

Ethane is selectively adsorbed over ethylene in their mixtures on the zeolite imidazolate framework ZIF-7. In packed columns, this results in the direct production of pure ethylene. This gas-phase separation is attributed to a gate-opening effect in which specific threshold pressures control the uptake and release of individual molecules. These threshold pressures differ for the different molecules, leaving a window of selective uptake operation. This phenomenon makes ZIF-7 a perfect candidate for the separation of olefins from paraffins, since in contrast to most microporous materials, the paraffin is selectively adsorbed. Mixture adsorption, as studied by breakthrough experiments, demonstrates that gate-opening effects can be effectively used to separate molecules of very similar size.
Alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Is a Target in Pharmacology and Toxicology (2012)

Alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (α7 nAChR) is an important part of the cholinergic nerve system in the brain. Moreover, it is associated with a cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the termination of the parasympathetic nervous system. Antagonists of α7 nAChR are a wide group represented by conotoxin and bungarotoxin. Even Alzheimer's disease drug memantine acting as an antagonist in its side pathway belongs in this group. Agonists of α7 nAChR are suitable for treatment of multiple cognitive dysfunctions such as Alzheimer's disease or schizophrenia. Inflammation or even sepsis can be ameliorated by the agonistic acting compounds. Preparations RG3487, SEN34625/WYE-103914, SEN12333, ABT-107, Clozapine, GTS-21, CNI-1493, and AR-R17779 are representative examples of the novel compounds with affinity toward the α7 nAChR. Pharmacological, toxicological, and medicinal significance of α7 nAChR are discussed throughout this paper.
Glucocorticoid amplifies IL‐2‐dependent expansion of functional FoxP3<sup>+</sup>CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup> T regulatory cells <i>in vivo</i> and enhances their capacity to suppress EAE (2006)

IL-2 is crucial for the production of CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory (Treg) cells while important for the generation of effective T cell-mediated immunity. How to exploit the capacity of IL-2 to expand Treg cells, while restraining activation of T effector (Teff) cells, is an important and unanswered therapeutic question. Dexamethasone (Dex), a synthetic glucocorticoid steroid, has been reported to suppress IL-2-mediated activation of Teff cells and increase the proportion of Treg cells. Thus, we hypothesized that glucocorticoids may be useful as costimulants to amplify IL-2-mediated selective expansion of Treg cells. We show in this study that short-term simultaneous administration of Dex and IL-2 markedly expanded functional suppressive Foxp3(+)CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells in murine peripheral lymphoid tissues. In a myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) mouse model, we observed that splenic CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells failed to suppress the proliferation of CD4(+)CD25(-) T cells. Pretreatment with Dex/IL-2 remarkably increased the proportion of CD4(+)FoxP3(+) cells and partially restored the function of splenic CD4(+)CD25(+) T cells, and inhibited the development of EAE. Therefore, the combination of glucocorticoid and IL-2, two currently used therapeutics, may provide a novel approach for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, transplant rejection and graft-vs.-host disease.
Durable broadband ultralow index fluoropolymer antireflection coatings for plastic optics (2017)

Durable broadband antireflection (AR) coatings remain an ongoing challenge for plastic optics used in a wide range of applications. Here, we show that glancing angle deposition of a commercial fluoropolymer can be used to fabricate extremely durable ultralow index AR coatings that reduce the solar spectrum-averaged (400<λ<1600  nm) reflectance of acrylic and polycarbonate plastic to <1% over a wide range of incidence angles up to ∼40°. The coatings feature strong adhesion and exhibit outstanding resistance to heat, humidity, dirt, ultraviolet light, outdoor exposure, solvents, acids, bases, abrasion, and repeated bend/compression cycling. They are successfully applied to f/1 curved lens surfaces as well as acrylic Fresnel lenses, where coating both sides increases the solar spectrum-averaged transmittance from 92% to 98%. These results represent a significant development for plastic optics commonly used in solar concentrators as well as more generally for broadband AR applications that demand extreme environmental, chemical, and mechanical durability.