gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Description, Validation, and Performance Characteristics of a New Computer-Automated Sperm Motility Analysis System1 (1988)

A computer-automated sperm motility assay (CASMA) system has been developed that provides a rapid and accurate analysis of multiple sperm movement parameters and a new measure of linearity, the linear deviation angle. CASMA provides objective, unbiased sampling and accurate quantitation of the movement characteristics of 200 sperm cells in 20 min. It consists of a microscope-mounted video camera, a high-resolution video disk recorder, a video digitizer/memory board mounted in an IBM 9000 microcomputer, and newly developed software. After manual recording, at 60 frames/s, of the video sequences (takes) of sperm suspensions, each take is automatically played back frame by frame, digitized, and stored in video memory. The software searches each frame, recognizes sperm cells, randomly selects a preset number for analysis, and traces each cell through the sequence to generate sperm "tracks" that are then stored in disk memory. This process is repeated for each take. Analysis of the stored tracks of each take yields the mean +/- SEM of the standard sperm motility parameters: percent motile (%M), curvilinear velocity (VC), net velocity (Vn), position-averaged velocity (Va), linear index (Vn/Va), progressiveness ration (Vn/Vc), and curvilinear progressiveness ratio (Va/Vc). Additionally, CASMA allows measurement of the linear deviation angle, a more direct measure of the linearity of sperm movement. For statistical comparisons, multiple takes can be considered either as replicates or separate experimental determinations. Finally, for more detailed analysis, each individually stored track, with its associated parameters, or histogram distributions of all sperm for each parameter can be displayed and printed. The performance of CASMA was evaluated by comparison of CASMA-determined movement parameters with manually determined values derived from the same sperm cells in the same video sequence and by comparison with published values determined using microcinematographic techniques. In each case, the CASMA values were essentially identical to those determined by manual measurements. Finally, CASMA accurately quantitates the linearity of sperm movement, a characteristic previously determined only by much more time-consuming methods. CASMA is a rapid and accurate system for measuring washed bull sperm motility and has reliably analyzed monkey and elephant sperm. The system has the potential to quantitate motility equally well with sperm from any species that have similar sperm head size.
<i>N</i>-(5′-Phosphoribosyl)anthranilate isomerase–indol-3-ylglycerol phosphate synthetase of tryptophan biosynthesis. Relationship between the two activities of the enzyme from <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1970)

Further evidence is presented to confirm the previous conclusion that the enzyme from Escherichia coli catalysing the two sequential reactions in tryptophan biosynthesis, N-(5'-phosphoribosyl)anthranilic acid (PRA) --> 1-(o-carboxyphenyl-amino)-1-deoxyribulose 5-phosphate (CdRP) --> indol-3-ylglycerol phosphate (InGP)+CO(2)+H(2)O, consists of a single polypeptide chain. The kinetic properties of the enzyme demonstrate that intermediate CdRP formed from PRA must dissociate from the enzyme before it can be converted into InGP. It is concluded that there are two distinct and non-overlapping catalytic sites on the enzyme for the two reactions. The expected complementation between a mutationally altered form of the enzyme lacking the first reaction and a mutationally altered form lacking the second reaction has been demonstrated in vitro by InGP formation from PRA. This system thus exhibits intracistronic complementation with a non-oligomeric protein gene product.
Rotary cold re-pressing and heat treatment of sintered materials from Co–Cr–Mo alloy powder (2002)

This paper presents the analysis of research results concerning the application of PM technology to produce porous implantation material from Co-Cr-Mo alloy. Rotary cold re-pressing and heat treatment has been used to increase the density and mechanical properties of sintered samples. The microstructure, hardness and compressive properties, and ultrasonic data of the obtained materials were investigated. The material had about 10% of porosity and has higher mechanical properties, i.e. UCS and plastic strain, compared with cast cobalt alloy, and had 25% lower values of Young's modulus and shear modulus.
Antiaggregatory effect of oral cilostazol and recovery of platelet aggregability in patients with cerebrovascular disease. (1985)

A new antithrombotic drug, cilostazol (6-[4-(1-cyclohexyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl)butoxy]-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)- qui nolinone, OPC-13013), was orally administered at 50, 100, 150 and 200 mg daily for four weeks to 24 patients with cerebrovascular diseases including cerebral thrombosis, cerebral embolism, transient ischemic attacks and cerebral arteriosclerosis. The drug effect on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP), collagen, epinephrine and arachidonic acid and the recovery of platelet aggregation after drug withdrawal were monitored with time by determining the plasma concentrations of the drug. Prior to the repetitive administration study, the antiplatelet-aggregating effect of the drug was examined by single administration at 50 and 100 mg to six patients each. The dose of 50 mg was not sufficiently effective, but the dose of 100 mg significantly (p less than 0.05) reduced aggregation induced by collagen and arachidonic acid at 6 h suggesting the therapeutic value of the drug even by single administration. Following this study, the antiplatelet-aggregating effect of the drug was determined after four weeks of treatment. The pretreatment values for ADP-induced aggregation were 72.7, 72.1, 70.5 and 78.8% in the 50 mg/day (once daily), 100 mg/day (50 mg twice a day), 150 mg/day (50 mg three times a day) and 200 mg/day (100 mg twice a day) dosage groups, respectively. The aggregation rates determined after 4 weeks of treatment were 60.8, 56.8, 46.0 and 43.8%, respectively, and the values obtained at 100 mg/day or higher were significantly (p less than 0.05) low compared to the respective pretreatment values.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Multiple wavelength analysis of radiation-induced attenuation on optical fibers: a novel approach in fiber optic dosimetry (1998)

In an attempt to cope with annealing effects, temperature, and other dependencies, the radiation induced attenuation in optical fibers is processed at different wavelengths to extract the total dose. The validity of the approach is demonstrated for the annealing effects for the pure silica fibers with low Cl and high OH dopant concentrations in the fiber core. The heuristic "blackbox" analysis is further supported through deconvolution of the absorption bands from the spectral data sets and by exploiting the kinetic properties of the bands near 600 and 635 nm.
pH Measurements under High Pressures of CO2 and H2S (1984)

Abstract Under high pressures of CO2 only, the pH of the waters produced by oil and gas wells was shown to depend as much upon the physical chemistry of water as upon the partial pressure of the acidifying gas. Especially, the content in buffering species, such as bicarbonate and acetate ions, and the content in saturated species, such as calcite, are of prime importance for the evolution of the pH as a fonction of the CO2 partial pressure. In presence of CO2 and H2S, additional species have to be considered: a second acid H2S, a second buffer HS− and a second saturated salt FeS. The various laws for the pH variations are developped for each interesting case and they are experimentally checked. Beyond the quantitative prediction of the pH in any field conditions, the main conclusions are: when the acidity of an aqueous solution is expressed directly as a function of the partial pressures of CO2 and H2S in the gas in equilibrium with this solution, the acid strengthes of the gases CO2 and H2S appear nearly equivalent.in the presence of H2S, the corrosion products are liable to buffer strongly the solutions used in laboratory tests, even when the volume/surface ratio would be commonly considered as "satisfactory".when corrosion tests are supposed to represent the corrosion in sweet or sour fields, the acidity of corrosive medium and the precipitation of corrosion products cannot be reproduced simultaneously… but under the exact pressure of CO2 and H2S !
High‐Resolution Metal NMR Spectroscopy of Organometallic Compounds [New Analytical Methods (30)] (1986)

Abstract Great advances have been made in the past decade in the field of NMR spectroscopy. Apart from the development of completely new areas of application, such as in solid‐state chemistry, in materials science, in physiological chemistry, and in medicine, with the introduction of new pulse spectroscopic methods and the application of high magnetic field strengths important progress has also been made in the traditional field of high‐resolution NMR spectroscopy. Thus, among other things, the observation of metal resonances has been facilitated and new areas of application have been opened up in inorganic and organometallic chemistry. In this review, recent detection methods for spin‐1/2 and quadrupolar metal nuclei are presented and discussed. The use of metal‐NMR spectroscopy with respect to problems of a typical chemical nature, mainly from the field of organometallics, is demonstrated for a number of selected metal nuclei ( 25 Mg, 27 Al, 49 Ti, 57 Fe, 59 Co, 61 Ni, 91 Zr, 103 Rh, and 195 Pt). Relations found empirically between chemical shifts and coordination number, oxidation number, and electronic configuration of a metal bound in a complex are emphasized. Furthermore, cases in which the chemical shifts of metal nuclei can be interpreted in terms of the energy difference of frontier orbitals are presented. This aspect leads to the establishment of a relationship between chemical reactivity and NMR parameters for a series of related compounds.
Surface expression of a glycolytic enzyme, α‐enolase, recognized by autoantibodies in connective tissue disorders (2000)

In systemic autoimmune diseases, autoantibodies specific for alpha-enolase are detected more frequently in patients with active renal involvement. To analyze the properties of anti-alpha-enolase antibodies and the distribution of the enzyme in the cell, mouse monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were obtained from mice immunized with a glutathione-S-transferase-alpha-enolase fusion protein. Anti-alpha-enolase antibodies were purified from patient sera on enolase from human kidney. Using these antibodies, the distribution of alpha-enolase in the cell was analyzed in subcellular fractions and in the cell membrane by flow cytometry and immunoprecipitation. Plasminogen binding was studied by an immunoenzymatic assay. We observed that alpha-enolase was present in the cytosol and membrane fractions obtained from kidney and U937 cells. By flow cytometry, mouse polyclonal anti-enolase antibodies, one monoclonal and 7/9 human anti-enolase antibodies bound the membrane of U937 cells. One monoclonal antibody and mouse polyclonal anti-enolase antibodies immunoprecipitated a 48-kDa molecule from surface-labeled U937 cells and this molecule was recognized by rabbit anti-enolase antibodies. Both immunization-induced antibodies and 7/9 autoantibodies from patient sera inhibited the binding of plasminogen to alpha-enolase. The results show that alpha-enolase, an autoantigen in connective tissue diseases, is a cytoplasmic enzyme which is also expressed on the cell membrane, with which it is strongly associated. Anti-alpha-enolase autoantibodies isolated from patient sera recognize the membrane-associated form of the enzyme and/or interfere with its receptor function, thus inhibiting the binding of plasminogen. Autoantibodies specific for alpha-enolase could play a pathogenic role, either by a cytopathic effect or by interfering with membrane fibrinolytic activity.
A multicenter phase II study of non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (MYOCET®) in combination with trastuzumab and docetaxel as first line therapy in metastatic breast cancer. (2009)

Abstract Abstract #3156 The objective of the phase II study is to evaluate the cardiotoxicity, general safety, and efficacy of non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, in combination with docetaxel and trastuzumab, as first line treatment of metastatic breast cancer.&#x2028; Patients and methods: Patients (n = 31) with metastatic HER2-overexpressing breast cancer, who had not previously received chemotherapy for metastatic disease, received non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (50 mg/m2), docetaxel (75 mg/m2) every 3 weeks and trastuzumab (2 mg/kg/week) for up to eight cycles, followed by trastuzumab alone for up to 52 weeks. Cardiotoxicity was defined as signs and/or symptoms of congestive heart failure (CHF) and/or an absolute decrease in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of ≥ 20 units or a decline to ≤ 45%. Patients were allowed to receive adjuvant doxorubicin or epirubicin to cumulative doses up to 240 mg/m2 or 450 mg/m2, respectively.&#x2028; Results: The mean LVEF at baseline was 62.8 ± 7.1% and decreased to 60.2 ± 6.5% at cycle 2, but did not change significantly during the rest of the study; mean values at cycle 8 and at the end of the study were 58.7 ± 7.0% and 57.3 ± 9.5% respectively. One case of symptomatic CHF occurred during the study.&#x2028; The most common adverse events were hematologic toxicities, alopecia, asthenia and fever. The Overall Response Rate was 65.5% (CR 31%, PR 34.5%).The median progression free survival was 15.5 months (95% CI 11-24 months). The average overall survival was 27.9 months.Conclusions: These results suggest that the combination of non-pegylated liposomal doxorubicin, docetaxel and trastuzumab has shown a good cardiac safety profile at a long term follow up, comparatively to recent published results data in HET study. A promising efficacy including CR and PFS has been noted in 1st line MBC. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 3156.
High temperature resistant graded-index polymer optical fiber (2000)

The dopant system graded-index polymer optical fiber (GI POF) for high temperature stability both in bandwidth and attenuation is reported for the first time. We confirmed that the numerical aperture (NA) of the GI POF strongly influences the high temperature stability of the GI POF in the attenuation. It was confirmed in this paper that the attenuation increment was mainly induced by the bending loss, since the GI POF drawn by high tension tended to show its length shrinkage, resulting in irregular bending due to the orientation relaxation of polymer chain. We clarified the optimum drawing tension which maintains high mechanical property and minimizes the length shrinkage of the GI POF at high temperature, and the optimum fabrication conditions of the GI POF for high temperature stability both in bandwidth and attenuation.
Density Functional Study of Tetraphenolate and Calix[4]arene Complexes of Early Transition Metals (2001)

Density functional calculations have been performed on some calix[4]arenes complexes of early transition metals. Particular emphasis has been placed on the comparison of the main properties of these metal complexes with the analogous metal complexes based on four monodentate phenolate ligands to study the effect of the geometrical constraints imposed by the calixarenes framework on the electronic structure. The results show that the most stable geometry of titanium and molybdenum tetraphenolates is pseudotetrahedral (slightly flattened for molybdenum) and that the distortion to a square planar coordination requires, respectively, 52.0 and 21.5 kcal x mol(-1). However, a significant energy decrease is found when the four phenolate groups are bent in the same hemisphere, reproducing the calix[4]arene geometry. Such a coordination determines the energy decrease of the unoccupied metal d orbitals of sigma and pi symmetry, which leads to an increase of the electron-accepting properties of these metal fragments.
Synthetic immunobiology boosts the IQ of T cells (2015)

Engineered chimeric antigen receptors show promise
Cross talk between the immune system and the nervous system in response to injury: implications for regeneration (1994)

The central nervous system has long been regarded as an immunologically privileged site. Accumulating evidence suggests, however, that the privilege is not total, and that certain immune functions involving immune components and resident glial cells can operate in the central nervous system. The nervous and immune systems interact during normal development, but in the mature brain their interaction is restricted mainly to cases of pathogenic infections and traumatic lesions. The focus of this review is on bidirectional interactions between immune and neuroglial components in response to nerve injury. The macrophage is the most ubiquitous of the immune-derived cell types associated with injury. Its role, as in any other organ, is tissue remodeling and promotion of healing. Macrophage activities include removal of dead tissue and debris by phagocytosis, lipid recycling, and secretion of a wide spectrum of cytokines possessing trophic, mitogenic, and chemotactic properties. These activities affect the behavior of resident cells in the vicinity of the wound. We discuss the possible association of these cytokines with the ability of injured nerves to regenerate. Finally, we consider the apparently conflicting effects of posttraumatic inflammation on the recovery of function.
Hydrogen Bonding in Human P450-Substrate Interactions: A Major Contribution to Binding Affinity (2004)

The importance of hydrogen bonding, a relatively strong intermolecular force of attraction between molecules in biological systems, is discussed in the respect of P450 substrate affinity towards one or more of the human P450 enzymes that are generally associated with drug and other xenobiotic metabolism. It is shown that calculation of hydrogen bond distances and energies based on simple empirical relationships provide values that agree closely with experimental findings. It is thus possible to estimate the hydrogen bond contribution to P450 enzyme-substrate binding affinity based on modelled interactions and by use of these relatively simple formulae, particularly when employed in conjunction with substrate-lipophilicity relationships.
Codon usage in Mycoplasma capricolum. (1985)

The mycoplasmas are parasitic in eukaryotes, and are classified into the gram-positive bacteria.1) The genomic DNA of the mycoplasmas is the smallest in all the known organisms and extremely rich in A and T (75%).
Force Analysis, Mechanical Energy and Laser Heating Evaluation of Scratch Tests on Silicon Carbide (4H-SiC) in Micro-Laser Assisted Machining (µ-LAM) Process (2009)

The purpose of applying a laser beam in the micro-laser assisted machining (μ-LAM) process is to preferentially heat and thermally soften the surface layer of the work piece material (4H-SiC) at the interface with a diamond cutting tool. In the μ-LAM process the laser beam (1480 nm and 400 mW) is delivered to the work piece material through a transparent diamond cutting tool. Thus the cutting tool and the laser system are integrated and coupled; in contrast with other LAM processes where the cutting tool and laser are separate and distinct systems. Scratches were made on a 4H-SiC substrate using the μ-LAM process. The characteristics of the scratches, such as depth and width, are principally a function of the cutting tool geometry, applied forces, cutting speed, and laser heating. White light interferometer microscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques were used to measure the geometry (depth and width) of the scratches. Force analysis was carried out to evaluate the laser heating effect on the cutting forces and the measured depth of cut. The force analysis included an evaluation of the mechanical work, specific energy, and understanding the effect of laser heating on the cutting process. The scratch tests performed on 4H-SiC with the laser heating showed that there is a greater than 50% reduction in relative calculated hardness values of work piece material, resulting in a significant reduction in cutting forces.
Maximum Field of Magnetized Disks and Cylinders (1962)

Tables and plots are given of certain definite integrals which facilitate the calculation of an upper bound on the field attainable with a given configuration of magnetic material, when the volume occupied by magnetic material consists of a combination of solid and hollow circular cylinders. Such estimates are useful in the design of powerful electromagnets.
Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of a putative trpDC(F)BA operon in Buchnera aphidicola (endosymbiont of the aphid Schizaphis graminum) (1993)

A 8,392-nucleotide-long DNA fragment from Buchnera aphidicola (endosymbiont of the aphid Schizaphis graminum) contained five genes of the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway [trpDC(F)BA] which code for enzymes converting anthranilate to tryptophan. These genes are probably arranged as a single transcription unit. Downstream of the trp genes were ORF-V, ORF-VI, and P14, three open reading frames which in Escherichia coli are also found downstream of the trp operon. Upstream of the B. aphidicola trp genes were two unidentified open reading frames, one of which potentially codes for a membrane-spanning protein with a leader sequence. Evidence for the presence of trpB in the endosymbionts of eight additional species of aphids and two species of whiteflies was obtained. These results as well as those of A. E. Douglas and W. A. Prosser (J. Insect Physiol. 38:565-568, 1992) suggest that aphid endosymbionts are capable of synthesizing tryptophan, which is required by the aphid host.
Preproparathyroid Hormone-related Protein, a Secreted Peptide, Is a Substrate for the Ubiquitin Proteolytic System (1997)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is an important causal factor of hypercalcemia associated with malignancy. PTHrP also modulates cell growth and differentiation of normal cells through mechanisms that include binding to cell surface-specific receptors as well as by possible intracellular routes. To understand the regulation of intracellular PTHrP expression, post-translational processing of PTHrP was investigated. Using cell-free translations it was shown that PTHrP can be ligated efficiently to multiple ubiquitin moieties. Both conjugation to ubiquitin and degradation of prepro-PTHrP synthesized in vitro were ATP-dependent. Translation in vitro in the presence of the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 abolished the degradation of PTHrP. Treatment of cells, cotransfected with hemagglutinin-tagged ubiquitin and histidine-tagged prepro-PTHrP, with MG-132, led to the accumulation of ubiquitinated prepro-PTHrP. Deletion mutagenesis experiments indicated that both the prepro secretory domain and a PEST (amino acid residues Pro (P), Glu (E), and/or Asp (D), Ser (S), and Thr (T)) motif in the COOH-terminal region of the protein were not required as cis-acting determinants for ubiquitination. This is the first report of a wild-type secretory polypeptide serving as a substrate of the ubiquitin proteolytic pathway. These results suggest that the ubiquitin-dependent proteolytic pathway is involved in regulating the metabolic stability of intracellular PTHrP, and this regulation may be an important mechanism for modulating its effects on cell growth and differentiation.