gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Membrane Expression of HIV Envelope Glycoproteins Triggers Apoptosis in CD4 Cells (1993)

The cytopathic effect of HIV-1 and HIV-2 in CD4+ lymphocytes has been shown to be associated with apoptosis or programmed cell death. Using different experimental conditions, we demonstrate here that apoptosis is triggered by cell membrane expression of the mature HIV envelope glycoproteins, gp120-gp41 complex, and their interaction with CD4 receptor molecules. Viral entry alone did not induce apoptosis but virus replication was required in order to produce the gp120-gp41 complex. Indeed, expression of the HIV env gene alone in the CD4+ T cell line (CEM) was sufficient for the induction of apoptosis. In general, syncytium formation and apoptosis induction were closely associated as both events require functional envelope glycoproteins and CD4 molecules. Nevertheless, apoptosis but not syncytium formation was suppressed by a monoclonal antibody against CD4 that does not affect gp120 binding. Furthermore, single-cell killing by apoptosis was observed in infected cell cultures treated with a monoclonal antibody against gp41, which completely abolishes the formation of syncytia. These results indicate that apoptosis is not the consequence of toxic effects induced by the formation of syncytia but is triggered by the HIV envelope glycoproteins. Therefore, cell death during HIV infection in CD4+ lymphocyte cultures is due to a specific event triggered by the gp120-gp41 heterodimer complex programming death in metabolically active cells.
Facile Ni(II)/Ketoxime-Mediated Conversion of Organonitriles into Imidoylamidine Ligands. Synthesis of Imidoylamidines and Acetyl Amides (2003)

Treatment of alkyl nitriles with NiX2·6H2O (X = Cl, NO3) and 2-propanone oxime, followed by (X = Cl) addition of [i-Pr4N](NO3) for precipitation of the product, resulted in the formation of amidinium nitrates [RC(NH2)NH2](NO3) (R = Me, Et, n-Pr). The reaction went to another direction with NiX2·2H2O, i.e., the reaction between neat RCN (R = Me, Et, n-Pr, i-Pr, n-Bu, CH2Cl, CH2C6H4OMe-p) and NiCl2·2H2O/2-propanone oxime (other ketoximes can also be used) gave the (imidoylamidine)Ni(II) complexes [Ni{N(H)C(R)NHC(R)NH}2]2+ (12+−72+). The latter were isolated in good yields (65−91%) as the bis-chloride salts 1·Cl2−6·Cl2 and the mixed salt 7·(Cl)(p-MeOC6H4CH2CO2). Remarkably, the latter transformation does not proceed at all if NiCl2·2H2O or the ketoxime are taken alone. Liberation of imidoylamidines was performed for one alkyl-containing complex [2·Cl2] and one benzyl-containing complex [7·(Cl)(p-MeOC6H4CH2CO2)], by (i) addition of HBF4·Et2O to the acetonitrile solution of the complexes to yield [N(H)C(R)NHC(R)NH]·2HBF4 (R = Et 8 and R = CH2C6H4OMe-p 9) or (ii) substitution for ethanediamine (en) with following precipitation of the complex [Ni(en)3]Cl2 with formation of free N(H)C(R)NHC(R)NH (R = Et 10 and R = CH2C6H4OMe-p 11). In contrast to the liberation in nonaqueous media, treatment of 2·Cl2 and 7·(Cl)(p-MeOC6H4CH2CO2) with Na2EDTA·2H2O in water−methanol solutions led to substitution and hydrolysis to furnish the acyl amides {EtC(O)}2NH (12) and {p-MeOC6H4CH2C(O)}2NH (13). Alternatively, 12 and 13 were obtained by hydrolysis of 10 and 11 in water at pH ca. 8.5. It was shown that the oxime complexes trans-[NiCl2(C4H8CNOH)4] (14) or cis-[Ni(O,O-NO3)2(C4H8CNOH)2] (15) can be intermediates in the formation of amidines and imidoylamidines. The sequence of the Ni(II)/oxime mediated formation of (imidoylamidine)Ni complexes and liberation (or hydrolytic liberation) of the ligands opens up a novel, facile and environmentally benign route to imidoylamidines and acyl amides.
Use of a hand-carved silicone-rubber spacer for advanced Kienböckʼs disease. (1981)

We found that the use of a hand-carved silicone-rubber (Silastic) spacer was reasonably effective in relieving symptoms in thirty-six patients with advanced Kienböck's disease, even though there was still some residual postoperative loss of wrist motion and grip strength. Preoperatively all patients had pain and limited motion of the wrist as well as weakness of grip. Roentgenographically all had fragmentation and collapse of the lunate, and 92 per cent had measurable carpal collapse. Most had had symptoms for longer than one year. After removal of the deformed lunate through a dorsal incision, a silicone-rubber spacer was shaped to fit the defect. Patients were followed for an average of fifty-four months. Thirty-two patients were followed for at least two years; all but three were improved. This procedure is not recommended when the shape of the lunate is normal or not significantly altered, or when the lunate has not collapsed as measured by precise determinants.
Monitoring and debugging message passing applications with MPVisualizer (2002)

MPVisualizer (Message Passing Visualizer) is a tool for the monitoring and debugging of message passing parallel applications with three components: the trace/replay mechanism, the graphical user interface and a central component, called visualization engine. The engine, which plays the main role during the replay phase, builds an object-oriented model of the application. Taking full advantage of inheritance and polymorphism the tool can be adapted to different message passing environments and different graphical environments, and easily reprogrammed to detect specific predicates. The engine is also prepared to recognize race conditions.
Parametric Investigation Toward Achieving an Optimal Magnetorheological Mount (2010)

I would first like to thank my
Distributed Operating Systems & Algorithms (1997)

From the Publisher:
Distributed Operating Systems and Algorithms integrates into one text both the theory and implementation aspects of distributed operating systems for the first time. This innovative book provides the reader with knowledge of the important algorithms necessary for an in-depth understanding of distributed systems; at the same time it motivates the study of these algorithms by presenting a systems framework for their practical application. 

The first part of the book is intended for use in an advanced course on operating systems and concentrates on parallel systems, distributed systems, real-time systems, and computer networks. The second part of the text is written for a course on distributed algorithms with a focus on algorithms for asynchronous distributed systems. While each of the two parts is self-contained, extensive cross-referencing allows the reader to emphasize either theory or implementation or to cover both elements of selected topics.
Features:
Integrates and balances coverage of the advanced aspects of operating systems with the distributed algorithms used by these systems. Includes extensive references to commercial and experimental systems to illustrate the concepts and implementation issues. Provides precise algorithm description and explanation of why these algorithms were developed. Structures the coverage of algorithms around the creation of a framework for implementing a replicated server-a prototype for implementing a fault-tolerant and highly available distributed system. Contains programming projects on such topics as sockets, RPC, threads, and implementation of distributed algorithmsusing these tools. Includes an extensive annotated bibliography for each chapter, pointing the reader to recent developments. Solutions to selected exercises, templates to programming problems, a simulator for algorithms for distributed synchronization, and teaching tips for selected topics are available to qualified instructors from Addison Wesley.
Photoluminescence measurements of quantum-dot-containing semiconductor microdisk resonators using optical fiber taper waveguides (2005)

Optical fiber taper waveguides are used to improve the efficiency of room temperature photoluminescence measurements of AlGaAs microdisk resonant cavities with embedded self-assembled InAs quantum dots. As a near-field collection optic, the fiber taper improves the collection efficiency from microdisk lasers by a factor of $\ensuremath{\sim}15--100$ times in comparison to conventional normal incidence free-space collection techniques. In addition, the fiber taper can serve as an efficient means for pumping these devices, and initial measurements employing fiber pumping and collection are presented. Implications of this work towards chip-based cavity quantum electrodynamics experiments are discussed.
Expression of Concern: The haptoglobin beta subunit sequesters <scp>HMGB</scp>1 toxicity in sterile and infectious inflammation (2017)

Haptoglobin β protein offers a novel therapeutic approach to fight against various inflammatory diseases caused by excessive HMGB1 release.
[Study progress in Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils]. (2002)

This article reviewed the progress in the study of the pharmacognosy, chemical compositions, pharmacological actions and clinical practices of Sinomenium acutum (Thunb.) Rehd. et Wils. An expectation for the further development and utilization of this plant was put forward.
Dietary lysine requirement of young adult males determined by oxidation of L-[1-13C]phenylalanine (1993)

Lysine requirement was determined in seven adult males by examining the effect of varying dietary lysine intake on phenylalanine flux and oxidation under dietary conditions of adequate energy and phenylalanine (14 mg.kg-1 x day-1) and excess tyrosine (40 mg.kg-1 x day-1). Phenylalanine flux was determined from primed, constant intravenous infusions of L-[1-13C]phenylalanine (1.2 mg.kg-1 x day-1) and L-[ring-2H5]phenylalanine (0.5 mg.kg-1 x day-1) and measurement of isotopic enrichments of phenylalanine in plasma. Phenylalanine flux was not affected by graded increases in dietary lysine intake or by the isotope infused. Mean phenylalanine conversion to tyrosine was low (3.4%) and not significantly affected by lysine intake. Phenylalanine oxidation, estimated from the rate of 13CO2 released in expired air during the infusion of L-[1-13C]phenylalanine, decreased linearly as lysine intake increased to a break point that was interpreted as the mean dietary lysine requirement (37 mg.kg-1 x day-1). At lysine intakes of > 37 mg.kg-1 x day-1 phenylalanine oxidation was low and constant. Plasma lysine concentrations supported this estimate of requirement. These data show that: 1) indicator amino acid oxidation can be used as a new method to determine amino acid requirements of humans and 2) the lysine requirement of adult males is three times greater than the World Health Organization recommendation of 12 mg.kg-1 x day-1.
Conization for cervical dysplasia and carcinoma in situ: long term follow-up of 1013 women. (1981)

1013 women were treated with cold knife conization. Histopathological investigation of the cone biopsies revealed 169 with dysplasia, 718 with carcinoma in situ (CIS) and 26 with invasive carcinoma. Invasive carcinomas were found even in patients with the lowest degree of cytological abnormality. In 100 cases, no pathological changes were found. The majority of patients were followed for more than five years after conization. The longest period of follow-up was 17 years. In 98% of the women with various degrees of cervical dysplasia (including all severe dysplasias) the cytology returned to normal after conization. The corresponding figure for women with CIS was 90%. This figure depended on whether the resection margins of the cone were free from pathological epithelium. If they were free, 92% of the women had normal cytology at follow-up. However, if the margins were doubtful, the cytology returned to normal in 64%. All patients with marginal growth had a pathologic smear at follow-up. Most abnormal smears developed within the first year. If smears were negative the first year after conization for CIS with free margins of resection, the risk of developing severe dysplasia or CIS was 2.3%.
Fibrin Degradation Enhances Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Proliferation and Matrix Deposition in Fibrin-Based Tissue Constructs Fabricated <i>In Vitro</i> (2010)

Completely biological tissue replacements can be fabricated by entrapping cells in a molded fibrin gel. Over time, the fibrin is degraded and replaced with cell-produced extracellular matrix. However, the relationship between fibrin degradation and matrix deposition has not been elucidated. We developed techniques to quantify fibrin degradation products (FDP) and examine plasmin activity in the conditioned medium from fibrin-based constructs. Fibrin-based tissue constructs fabricated with vascular smooth muscle cells (vSMC) were cultured for 5 weeks in the presence of varied concentrations of the fibrinolysis inhibitor -aminocaproic acid and cellularity, and deposited collagen and elastin were measured weekly. These data revealed that increasing concentrations of -aminocaproic acid led to delayed and diminished FDP production, lower vSMC proliferation, and decreased collagen and elastin deposition. FDP were shown to have a direct biological effect on vSMC cultures and vSMC within the fibrin-based constructs. Supplementing construct cultures with 250 or 500μg/mL FDP led to 30% higher collagen deposition than the untreated controls. FDP concentrations as high as 250μg/mL were estimated to exist within the constructs, indicating that FDP generation during remodeling of the fibrin-based constructs exerted direct biological activity. These results help explain many of the positive outcomes reported with fibrin-based tissue constructs in the literature, as well as demonstrate the importance of regulating plasmin activity during their fabrication.
Biological Applications of Ionophores (1976)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Low-pressure gas-phase ozone-olefin reactions. Chemiluminescence, kinetics, and mechanisms (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-pressure gas-phase ozone-olefin reactions. Chemiluminescence, kinetics, and mechanismsB. J. Finlayson, J. N. Pitts Jr., and R. AtkinsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1974, 96, 17, 5356–5367Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00824a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00824a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Substrate Specificity and Colorimetric Assay for Recombinant TrzN Derived from <i>Arthrobacter aurescens</i> TC1 (2005)

The TrzN protein, which is involved in s-triazine herbicide catabolism by Arthrobacter aurescens TC1, was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli as a His-tagged protein. The recombinant protein was purified via nickel column chromatography. The purified TrzN protein was tested with 31 s-triazine and pyrimidine ring compounds; 22 of the tested compounds were substrates. TrzN showed high activity with sulfur-substituted s-triazines and the highest activity with ametryn sulfoxide. Hydrolysis of ametryn sulfoxide by TrzN, both in vitro and in vivo, yielded a product(s) that reacted with 7-chloro-4-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazole (NBD-Cl) to generate a diagnostic blue product. Atrazine chlorohydrolase, AtzA, did not hydrolyze ametryn sulfoxide, and no color was formed by amending those enzyme incubations with NBD-Cl. TrzN and AtzA could also be distinguished by reaction with ametryn. TrzN, but not AtzA, hydrolyzed ametryn to methylmercaptan. Methylmercaptan reacted with NBD-Cl to produce a diagnostic yellow product having an absorption maximum at 420 nm. The yellow color with ametryn was shown to selectively demonstrate the presence of TrzN, but not AtzA or other enzymes, in whole microbial cells. The present study was the first to purify an active TrzN protein in recombinant form and develop a colorimetric test for determining TrzN activity, and it significantly extends the known substrate range for TrzN.
Engine Studies of Solid Film Lubricant Coated Pistons (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An investigation describing engine friction reduction benefits attainable via the introduction of Solid Film Lubricants to piston skirts is presented. Ford II-25 thermoset and II-25 waterborne molybdenum disulfide based solid film lubricants were shown through single cylinder motored engine experiments, to produce piston system friction reductions of 12 to 17% at 1500 rpm. Further tests undertaken in fired engine dynamometer studies, on a 1.91 1-4 CVH engine, demonstrated total engine friction reductions of 6% at W.O.T. conditions. The reduced engine friction resulted in lowering BSFC at 850 rpm by 3 to 4%. Tests conducted by Powertrain Operations confirmed durability. II-25 thermoset was selected for production implementation on all new Ford engines starting from model year 1995.</div>
Suharto Sebuah Biografi Politik (2005)

Buku ini memberikan wawasan memukau tentang seorang pria yang naik dari masa muda yang biasa-biasa saja untuk kemudian mendesakkan kekuatan luar biasa dalam memimpin sebuah bangsa yang kompleks dan bergejolak, namun figurnya tetap misterius dan membingungkan.
Auto-Tuning Digital Control Based on Parameters Identification and Disturbance Observer (2006)

This paper presented a digital servo driver that realizes an auto-tuning feedback and feedforward controller design using on-line parameters identification. Firstly, the variant inertia constant, damping constant and the disturbed load torque of the servo motor are estimated by the recursive least square (RLS) estimator, which is composed of an RLS estimator and a disturbance torque compensator. Furthermore, the auto-tuning algorithm of feedback and feedforward controller is realized according to the estimated parameters to match the tracking specification. The proposed auto-tuning digital servo controllers are evaluated and compared experimentally with a traditional controller on a microcomputer-controlled servo motor positioning system. The experimental results show that this auto-tuning digital servo system remarkably reduces the tracking error.
Substrate Sequence Selection by Retroviral Integrase (2001)

Integration of retrovirus DNA is a specific process catalyzed by the integrase protein acting to join the viral substrate DNA (att) sequences of about 10 bases at the ends of the long terminal repeat (LTR) to various sites in the host target cell DNA. Although the interaction is sequence specific, the att sequences of different retroviruses are largely unrelated to one another and usually differ between the two ends of the viral DNA. To define substrate sequence specificity, we designed an "in vitro evolution" scheme to select an optimal substrate sequence by competitive integration in vitro from a large pool of partially randomized substrates. Integrated substrates are enriched by PCR amplification and then regenerated and subjected to subsequent cycles of selection and enrichment. Using this approach, we obtained the optimal substrate sequence of 5'-ACGACAACA-3' for avian sarcoma-leukosis virus (ASLV) and 5'-AACA(A/C)AGCA-3' for human immunodeficiency virus type 1, which differed from those found at both ends of the viral DNA. Clonal analysis of the integration products showed that ASLV integrase can use a wide variety of substrate sequences in vitro, although the consensus sequence was identical to the selected sequence. By a competition assay, the selected nucleotide at position 4 improved the in vitro integration efficiency over that of the wild-type sequence. Viral mutants bearing the optimal sequence replicated at wild-type levels, with the exception of some mutations disrupting the U5 RNA secondary structure important for reverse transcription, which were significantly impaired. Thus, maximizing the efficiency of integration may not be of major importance for efficient retrovirus replication.
1,4-Reductive Addition of Hydrazoic Acid to γ-Oxo-α,β-unsaturated δ-Lactones and -Lactams: A Convenient Route to α-Amino-γ-oxo-α,β-unsaturated δ-Lactones and -Lactams (1999)

γ-Oxo-α,β-unsaturated δ-lactones and lactams, which are easily accessible from their corresponding 2-furylcarbinols, were used as substrates for the 1,4-reductive addition of hydrazoic acid. The outcome of the reaction is the formation, in high yields, of the corresponding α-amino-γ-oxo-α,β-unsaturated δ-lactones and -lactams, compounds of great biological and synthetic interest.
Thermodynamic Aspects of Hydrophobicity and the Blood−Brain Barrier Permeability Studied with a Gel Filtration Chromatography (1996)

It has been said that the selective permeability across the blood--brain barrier depends on several physicochemical properties of drugs such as hydrophobicity, molecular weight, and hydrogen-bonding potential. In order to investigate quantitatively the relationship between the blood--brain barrier permeability and the hydrophobicity of drugs, we have measured the micelle/water partition properties (Pmic) by the MLC (micellar liquid chromatography) method using a gel filtration version and compared with the blood--brain barrier permeability. The thermodynamic aspects of partition were derived by separating the micelle/water partition coefficient (log Pmic) into the enthalpy term PH and the entropy term PS. It was found that the PH shows a good correlation to the permeability, although log Pmic fails to do so. The result means that PH, which is easily obtained from the in vitro experiment, can be used as an excellent standard in discussing the transport phenomena through the blood--brain barrier.
Materials and Device Constructions for Aqueous Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2018)

Abstract Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have advantages in terms of their high specific capacity, natural abundance, and low cost of elementary sulfur on the basis of the multielectron conversion reactions in organic electrolytes. Despite their potential as next‐generation batteries, Li–S batteries are still limited by critical challenges such as redox shuttling and the parasitic reaction of polysulfides arising from intrinsic electrochemistry as well as a low electrical conductivity of sulfur and the insolubility of Li 2 S associated with the materials' properties. The unique redox electrochemistry of sulfur in aqueous electrolytes, which is completely different from that in organic electrolytes, provides a rational strategy to resolve the aforementioned problems by the design of new materials and cell constructions. Furthermore, this system enables to achieve significant benefits of aqueous systems in terms of safety, chemical tractability, environmental friendliness, low cost, and high ionic conductivity. Here, at first materials and cell constructions for aqueous Li–S batteries are reviewed, covering the fundamental electrochemistry of sulfur in aqueous electrolytes, the advances in the host materials and aqueous electrolytes, and the cell design of flow‐type aqueous Li–S batteries. Additionally, the current impediments and perspectives into the future direction of this field are provided.