gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electron-spin-resonance transistors for quantum computing in silicon-germanium heterostructures (2000)

We apply the full power of modern electronic band-structure engineering and epitaxial heterostructures to design a transistor that can sense and control a single-donor electron spin. Spin-resonance transistors may form the technological basis for quantum information processing. One- and two-qubit operations are performed by applying a gate bias. The bias electric field pulls the electron wave function away from the dopant ion into layers of different alloy composition. Owing to the variation of the g factor $(\mathrm{Si}:g=1.998,\mathrm{Ge}:g=1.563),$ this displacement changes the spin Zeeman energy, allowing single-qubit operations. By displacing the electron even further, the overlap with neighboring qubits is affected, which allows two-qubit operations. Certain silicon-germanium alloys allow a qubit spacing as large as 200 nm, which is well within the capabilities of current lithographic techniques. We discuss manufacturing limitations and issues regarding scaling up to a large size computer.
World Wide Web marketing (2nd ed.): integrating the Web into your marketing strategy (1998)

From the Publisher:
Online marketing guru Jim Sterne shows how to apply classic marketing principles to the Internet. He also explains how to take full advantage of the exciting new marketing opportunities presented by the latest Web technologies. Writing for non-techies, he provides just enough detail to help you understand the Web's vast potential as a marketing medium without overwhelming you. In straightfoward language, supplemented with fascinating case studies, he tells you what you need to know to: 
Develop relationships with valued customers and build brand loyalty Use personalization tools that tailor content to individual users Mine valuable information about customers Use state-of-the-art select marketing techniques Advertise your site online and through traditional media Make the most of search engines and push technology Use banner advertising Measure the success of online marketing initiatives
Localization and registration of three-dimensional objects in space—where are the limits? (2001)

We discuss the accuracy limits for the localization of surfaces in three-dimensional (3-D) space. Such a localization is necessary for the registration of different views of an object, taken by 3-D sensors from several directions. A quantitative analysis shows that the lateral localization accuracy of a small surface area is proportional to the local curvature of the surface. This confirms the intuitive conjecture that our visual system performs localization of 3-D objects via sharp features. The longitudinal localization accuracy depends only on the noise of the data and is usually much better than the lateral localization accuracy, suggesting that surfaces are to be registered only along the longitudinal directions.
Experimental Enzyme Chemistry (1936)

This volume includes a number of highly technical essays on the chemistry of the enzymes under the following chapter headings: Physical Chemistry of the Enzymes; Esterases; Proteolytic Enzymes and Peptidases, Mammal Gastric Proteases, Tryptases, Peptidases; Amidases; Carbohydrases, Sucrase (Saccharase, Invertase), Glucosidases, Maltases, Galactosidases, Lactase, Melibiase, "Emulsion," Polyases, Lichenase, Cellulase, Inulase; Catalase; Oxidizing Enzymes, Dehydrogenases or Anaerobic Oxidases, Oxidases or Aerobic Oxidases; The Flavine Oxidation System of Warburg and Christian and Its Relation to Other Dyes; Carbonic Anhydrase; The Zymase Complex and Alcoholic Fermentation; Luciferase. For all those interested in research in this field, it may be of special value; for the general reader, it is, of course, a book of reference.
Hypoxia in head and neck cancer: How much, how important? (2005)

The hypoxia problem in head and neck cancer needs to be addressed if improvements in current treatments are to be made. Increased knowledge of the molecular biology of intermediate, severe, and intermittent hypoxia is needed to assess their relevance and indicate strategies for overcoming their negative influence.
VLSI layout compaction using radix priority search trees (1991)

This paper describes a plane-sweep 1-D compaction algorithm with performance proportional to n lg r-s. The algorithm sweeps the layout from one side to the other, moving objects over as far as possible and organizing them into a data structure to compare with subsequently encountered objects. Two approaches are used to improve performance.
Differential Changes of Glutathione Levels in Astrocytes and Neurons in Ischemic Brains by Two-Photon Imaging (2010)

Using two-photon imaging techniques with monochlorobimane as a glutathione (GSH) probe, we investigated GSH levels in both core and penumbra regions of an ischemic brain after middle cerebral artery occlusion. We found that the GSH level significantly decreased in the ischemic core, but increased significantly in the penumbra. Furthermore, we observed a differential change of the GSH levels in neurons and astrocytes in the penumbra. The GSH level in neurons increased significantly whereas it decreased slightly in astrocytes in the penumbra. These findings reveal critical region and cell type-dependent changes of the GSH level in an ischemic brain.
Color-Sensitivity-Based Combined PSNR for Objective Video Quality Assessment (2018)

The peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) has been widely employed as an objective video quality assessment (VQA) metric. Usually, videos are represented in the YCbCr color space, which results in three PSNR values for each video frame. Several VQA metrics have been proposed to measure the video quality with a single combined PSNR. However, these metrics are derived heuristically without theoretical justification. In this paper, based on our extensive subjective tests on the sensitivity of the human visual system to different color components, we derive the optimal weighting coefficients of a color-sensitivity-based combined PSNR (CSPSNR). Moreover, to verify the performance of the combined PSNR, test sequences with different levels of combined PSNRs are used to evaluate the quality of the videos. However, no such database is currently available for measuring the effectiveness of different methods regarding combined PSNRs. In this paper, we design a novel coding scheme to produce sequences whose PSNRs are the combinations of different levels of PSNRs of YCbCr, with which the correlation between the subjective score and the combined PSNR is analyzed. Experiment results and statistical analysis demonstrate that the proposed CSPSNR correlates better with the mean opinion score than the existing methods.
Design and implementation of an extensible rule processing system for wearable computing (2004)

In wearable computing environments, a user brings and uses his/her own computer to acquire various services wherever he/she goes. This type of computer, which acts as a service platform for wearable computing, needs autonomy and simplicity of services, flexibility of services/devices configuration, and power saving functions. Since most conventional wearable computing systems do not fulfil all of these requirements, we propose A-WEAR, which is a rule-based wearable computing system. We employ an event-driven rule as a behavior description language of A-WEAR to achieve autonomy and simplicity. Furthermore, we employ a plug-in mechanism to achieve flexibility and power saving. Using our system, we can easily provide and use various services for wearable computing environments.
ACTIONS OF FINITE-DIMENSIONAL SEMISIMPLE HOPF ALGEBRAS AND INVARIANT ALGEBRAS (1998)

Let H be a finite dimensional Hopf algebra over a field k, and A be an H-module algebra over k which the H-action on A is D-continuous. We show that $Q_{max}(A)$, the maximal ring or quotients of A, is an H-module algebra. This is used to prove that if H is a finite dimensional semisimple Hopf algebra and A is a semiprime right(left) Goldie algebra than $A#H$ is a semiprime right(left) Goldie algebra. Assume that Asi a semiprime H-module algebra Then $A^H$ is left Artinian if and only if A is left Artinian.
Audio Description and Automatic User Identification: a Promising Marriage in Digital Terrestrial Television (DTT) (2010)

The DTT (Digital Terrestrial Television) switchover will enable the development of a television infrastructure with more resources and technological capabilities. In fact, DTT can encompass a variety of features and services where users can take on an interactive and participatory role. Nevertheless, the interactive services reveal interaction problems for visually impaired users (VIU). For this reason, it is important to apply accessibility, usability and design-oriented principles to the development of accessible interactive television systems. The present paper introduces a research project related to universal design issues on the Interactive Television scope, having as main objective the development of an audio description service offered by DTT that comprises an automatic identification system and an easy and simple interaction. Therefore, it will be prototyped an interactive and enhanced audio description system that includes new features and functionalities, is based on universal design principles and is supported by a users' identification system that is sustained through RFID tags and readers.
Comparison of Hemin Enhancement of Burst-Forming Units-Erythroid Clonal Efficiency by Progenitor Cells from Normal and HIV-Infected Patients (1991)

The ability of peripheral-blood hematopoietic progenitor cells from AIDS patients and normal controls to respond to erythropoietin (Epo) was assessed for burst-forming units-erythroid (BFU-E). BFU-E colony formation from AIDS patients' peripheral blood responded to a wide range of Epo concentrations (0.5-4 U) in a similar manner as erythroid progenitors obtained from normal peripheral blood. The optimum dose response of BFU-E to Epo was 2 U which resulted in generation of 71 +/- 4 BFU-E in AIDS patients (n = 10), as compared to 77 +/- 5 BFU-E in normal donors (n = 3). The optimum concentration range of hemin enhancement of erythroid progenitor BFU-E was 10-50 microM. In all instances, Epo was essential for BFU-E growth. Inclusion of hemin at a concentration of 10 microM in AIDS patients' peripheral-blood erythroid progenitor cells resulted in enhancement of BFU-E by 136-215%. Similarly, inclusion of hemin (10-100 microM) in normal bone marrow erythroid progenitor cell cultures resulted in enhancement of BFU-E. Inclusion of an equivalent amount of iron or tin protoporphyrin to progenitors cells from AIDS patients' peripheral blood had no effect on the number of colonies observed. On the other hand, inclusion of another heme analogue, zinc protoporphyrin, in AIDS or normal cultures resulted in a 50% suppression of BFU-E colony formation. These results demonstrate that peripheral-blood mononuclear cells from AIDS patients retain the capacity to generate erythroid precursors such as BFU-E in the presence of Epo, and that hemin has a specific enhancement effect on growth of BFU-E colony formation obtained from peripheral blood or bone marrow cells.
Synthesis and pharmacological activities of 3-phenyl-2-(1-piperazinyl)quinolines and related compounds. (1987)

Various 3-phenyl-2-piperazinylquinolines and their 3-methyl analogs were synthesized and the effects of these compounds on the central nervous system were evaluated pharmacologically in mice. Some compounds having a 3-phenyl group showed potent antagonism of maximal electroshock seizures, but the 3-methyl analogs had no significant activity in any of the tests.
Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids. 5. Alkaline degradation of curcumin (1985)

Die chemische Umwandlung von Curcumin bei pH 7 wurde untersucht. Ferulasaeure und Feruloylmethan sind die ersten Abbaustufen des Curcumins. HPLC- und MS-Analysen haben gezeigt, dass die meisten sekundaeren Produkte von Feruloylmethan stammen. Sie koennen Fehler verursachen bei der spektrophotometrischen Bestimmung des Curcumin.
Developing the ETSI Aurora advanced distributed speech recognition front-end and what next? (2005)

The ETSI STQ-Aurora DSR working group is developing the standard for the advanced DSR front-end. One of the main goals of the advanced front-end is improved robustness to noise compared to the existing ETSI DSR standard for the Mel-cepstrum front-end. The purpose of the paper is firstly to inform the wider speech research community about this activity and then to promote discussion on what further needs there are for DSR front-end standards. The scope of the DSR standard is described and the set of performance requirements that Aurora has specified for the advanced front-end. An important part of this is the evaluation and characterisation of the performance of candidate front-ends on noisy databases, and an overview of these is given. As the competition to select the best proposal draws to a close (submission deadline 28/sup th/ November 2001) an interesting question is "What next?".
The impact of using AlGaAs as a carrier supplying layer in an InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistor structure on thermal stability (1997)

The impact of using a thin AlGaAs layer as a carrier supplying layer in an InAlAs/InGaAs high electron mobility transistor structure (HEMT) on thermal stability has been investigated. The new structure exhibited no deterioration in its sheet carrier concentration after annealing for 15 min at 450 °C in nitrogen atmosphere, while in the conventional HEMT structure 20% deterioration was observed. The secondary ion mass spectroscopy analysis indicated that this excellent thermal stability originated from the absence of reaction between dopant and fluorine. By exposing the new and conventional HEMT structure in a fluorine atmosphere, it was obvious that the new structure had at least a five times higher tolerance to fluorine.
Spatially Adaptive Inference with Stochastic Feature Sampling and Interpolation (2020)

In the feature maps of CNNs, there commonly exists considerable spatial redundancy that leads to much repetitive processing. Towards reducing this superfluous computation, we propose to compute features only at sparsely sampled locations, which are probabilistically chosen according to activation responses, and then densely reconstruct the feature map with an efficient interpolation procedure. With this sampling-interpolation scheme, our network avoids expending computation on spatial locations that can be effectively interpolated, while being robust to activation prediction errors through broadly distributed sampling. A technical challenge of this sampling-based approach is that the binary decision variables for representing discrete sampling locations are non-differentiable, making them incompatible with backpropagation. To circumvent this issue, we make use of a reparameterization trick based on the Gumbel-Softmax distribution, with which backpropagation can iterate these variables towards binary values. The presented network is experimentally shown to save substantial computation while maintaining accuracy over a variety of computer vision tasks.
Novel spectrum sharing algorithm for maximizing supported WiFi-like secondary users in TV white spaces (2012)

Spectrum underutilization and efficient spectrum allocation are one of the major challenges in wireless communications today. Cognitive radios represent devices that aim to enable reliable spectrum availability detection and efficient secondary spectrum access in a plethora of possible deployment scenarios. This paper proposes a novel joint power and channel allocation algorithm in a spectrum sharing system for WiFi-like secondary systems in TV white spaces. The method itself relies on the Nash Bargaining Solution (NBS) from game theory. The proposed algorithm maximizes the number of supported secondary users while jointly optimizing both power and channel allocation. The performance evaluations show that the introduction of the combined allocation method enhances the efficient available spectrum usage among secondary users. The paper also evaluates the average throughput per SU and network density effects on the performance of the proposed sharing algorithm.
Retinol-binding protein and transthyretin mRNA levels in visceral yolk sac and liver during fetal development in the rat. (1986)

Studies were conducted to explore the synthesis of retinol-binding protein and transthyretin by embryonic and extraembryonic tissues during fetal development in the rat. The levels of retinol-binding protein mRNA and transthyretin mRNA were measured in fetal liver and in extraembryonic tissues by RNA gel blot analysis and hybridization with specific cDNA probes. Retinol-binding protein mRNA and transthyretin mRNA were both detected in the liver of fetuses at 14 days of gestation. The relative levels of these two transcripts increased during later fetal development; by the 20th day of gestation retinol-binding protein mRNA levels were comparable to those of the adult liver, while the levels of transthyretin mRNA were only 46% of those of the adult liver. Examination of the extraembryonic membranes for retinol-binding protein mRNA and transthyretin mRNA showed that these two transcripts were present specifically and only in the visceral yolk sac. The relative levels of retinol-binding protein mRNA and transthyretin mRNA in visceral yolk sac were constant from 14 to 20 days of gestation, averaging 58% and 51%, respectively, of the adult liver levels of these two transcripts. Both retinol-binding protein mRNA and transthyretin mRNA in the visceral yolk sac were found to be specifically localized in the endodermal layer. Finally, both immunoprecipitable retinol-binding protein and transthyretin were found to be synthesized and secreted by explant cultures of visceral yolk sac tissue. These data show that the visceral yolk sac is a major source of both retinol-binding protein and transthyretin in the developing fetus. Since the visceral yolk sac is a site of true placentation and nutrient transfer in the rodent, this raises the possibility that visceral yolk sac-derived retinol-binding protein and transthyretin may play important roles in the transport and delivery of retinol from the maternal blood to the developing fetus.
Radio interference and test methods (1988)

The problem of radio interference generated by the car itself will occur increasingly as the electronic complexity of motor vehicles rises. There was a leap in the quantity and type of technology employed in motor vehicles which happened with the launch of such cars as the new BMW 7 Series, the new Jaguar XJ6 and the new Opel Senator. From cars with, perhaps, engine management and a trip computer, our industry has jumped straight to cars routinely containing 7 or more microprocessors. Since susceptibility to, and generation of, radio energy seem to be poorly understood by hardware engineers, it appears that this aspect of component design has been largely ignored. Understanding the mechanisms involved requires a knowledge of both antenna and transmission line engineering. Until recently, problems in this area have been rectified as they have manifested themselves at a stage in design too late to influence fundamentals such as board layout and logic choice. Some test methods are outlined which allow detection of problems early in the design cycle. >
Advanced Plasma Nitriding for Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys (2003)

Low hardness and wear resistance of aluminum alloys limit their use in practical application to automotive parts. Formation of hard aluminum nitride (AlN) layer on the surface can prolong the life time of aluminum automotive parts. Plasma nitriding was selected in the present study to form AlN layer on aluminum alloys. This processing is an environmental friendly method because of its low gas and energy consumption. Normal plasma nitriding requires long processing time to successfully form AlN layer. For advancing this surface treatment, refining microstructure and micro-alloying processes are proposed to activate the formation of AlN by plasma nitriding. Bulk Mechanical Alloying is used not only to make grain-size refinement but also to carry out micro alloying with addition of 1 mass%Ti. The formation rate of AlN layer is improved from 4.2×10−5 μm/s to 20.8×10−5 μm/s by microstructure refining. In particular, since the co-formed TiN with AlN works as a template in the initial state nitriding, the micro-alloyed aluminum can be nitrided even without pre-sputtering.
Antitumor effects of novel compound, guttiferone K, on colon cancer by p21Waf1/Cip1‐mediated G<sub>0</sub>/G<sub>1</sub> cell cycle arrest and apoptosis (2012)

Low selectivity is one of the major problems of currently used anticancer drugs, therefore, there is a high demand for novel, selective antitumor agents. In this study, the anticancer effects and mechanisms of guttiferone K (GUTK), a novel polyprenylated acylphloroglucinol derivative isolated from Garcinia cowa Roxb., were examined for its development as a novel drug targeting colon cancer. GUTK concentration- and time-dependently reduced the viability of human colon cancer HT-29 cells (IC(50) value 5.39 ± 0.22 μM) without affecting the viability of normal human colon epithelial CCD 841 CoN cells and induced G(0) /G(1) cell cycle arrest in HT-29 cells by down-regulating cyclins D1, D3 and cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6, while selectively restoring p21Waf1/Cip1 and p27Kip1 to levels comparable to those observed in normal colon cells, without affecting their levels in normal cells. GUTK (10.0 μM) induced cleavage of PARP, caspases-3, -8 and -9 and chromatin condensation to stimulate caspase-3-mediated apoptosis. The addition of a JNK inhibitor, SP600125, partially reversed GUTK-induced caspase-3 activity, indicating the possible involvement of JNK in GUTK-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, GUTK (10 mg/kg, i.p.) significantly decreased the tumor volume in a syngeneic colon tumor model when used alone or in combination with 5-fluorouracil without toxicity to the mice. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor sections revealed a mechanism involving an increase in cleaved caspase-3 and a decrease in cell proliferation marker Ki-67. Our results support GUTK as a promising novel, potent and selective antitumor drug candidate for colon cancer.
Cyclization of N-Succinylglycine Dimethyl Ester (1947)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCyclization of N-Succinylglycine Dimethyl EsterHarold Werbin and Paul E. SpoerriCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1947, 69, 7, 1681–1684Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1947Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1947https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01199a034https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01199a034research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views199Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts