gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental studies of electrokinetic conversions in fluid-saturated borehole models (1999)

Abstract Experimental and theoretical studies show that there are electromagnetic (EM) fields generated by seismic waves with two kinds of conversion mechanisms in a fluid-saturated, porous medium. Within a homogeneous formation, the seismic wave generates a seismoelectric field that exists only in the area disturbed by the seismic wave and whose apparent velocity is that of the seismic wave. At an interface between differing formation properties, the generated seismoelectric wave is a propagating EM wave that can be detected everywhere. An electrode, used as a receiver on the ground surface, can detect the propagating EM wave generated at an interface, but cannot detect the seismoelectric field generated in a homogeneous formation. When the electrode is in a borehole and close to a porous formation, it can detect both the EM waves and the seismoelectric field. In this paper, electrokinetic measurements are performed with borehole models made of natural rocks or artificial materials. Experimental results show that the Stoneley wave and other acoustic modes, excited by a monopole source in the borehole models, generate seismoelectric fields in fluid-saturated formations. The electric components of the seismoelectric fields can be detected by an electrode in the borehole or on the borehole wall. The amplitude and frequency of the seismoelectric fields are related not only to the seismic wave, but also to formation properties such as permeability, conductivity, etc. Comparison between the waveforms of the seismoelectric signals and acoustic logging waves suggests that seismoelectric well logging may explore the different properties of the formation. Electroseismic measurements are also performed with these borehole models. The electric pulse through the electrode in the borehole or on the borehole wall induces Stoneley waves in fluid-saturated models that can be received by a monopole transducer in the same borehole. These measurement methods (seismo-electric logging or electroseismic logging) might directly apply to well logging to investigate formation properties related to the pore fluid flow.
ParABS Systems of the Four Replicons of<i>Burkholderia cenocepacia</i>: New Chromosome Centromeres Confer Partition Specificity (2006)

Most bacterial chromosomes carry an analogue of the parABS systems that govern plasmid partition, but their role in chromosome partition is ambiguous. parABS systems might be particularly important for orderly segregation of multipartite genomes, where their role may thus be easier to evaluate. We have characterized parABS systems in Burkholderia cenocepacia, whose genome comprises three chromosomes and one low-copy-number plasmid. A single parAB locus and a set of ParB-binding (parS) centromere sites are located near the origin of each replicon. ParA and ParB of the longest chromosome are phylogenetically similar to analogues in other multichromosome and monochromosome bacteria but are distinct from those of smaller chromosomes. The latter form subgroups that correspond to the taxa of their hosts, indicating evolution from plasmids. The parS sites on the smaller chromosomes and the plasmid are similar to the "universal" parS of the main chromosome but with a sequence specific to their replicon. In an Escherichia coli plasmid stabilization test, each parAB exhibits partition activity only with the parS of its own replicon. Hence, parABS function is based on the independent partition of individual chromosomes rather than on a single communal system or network of interacting systems. Stabilization by the smaller chromosome and plasmid systems was enhanced by mutation of parS sites and a promoter internal to their parAB operons, suggesting autoregulatory mechanisms. The small chromosome ParBs were found to silence transcription, a property relevant to autoregulation.
Effect of antidepressive therapy on retinal contrast processing in depressive disorder (2012)

The study provides evidence for a state-dependent modulation of retinal contrast gain in patients with major depression. Reduced contrast gain normalised after therapy. A PERG-based contrast gain could serve as a state marker of depression.
Stability of performances of vascular prostheses retrospective study of 22 cases of human implanted prostheses (1988)

Twenty-two cases of vascular graft failures (thrombosis, pseudoaneurysm, dilation, infection) were investigated by means of physicochemical, histological, and ultrastructural studies. A general decrease of mechanical resistance to stress of the prostheses was observed. Its magnitude ranged from 2 to 75% of the values of identical virgin prostheses and there was no relation with the duration of implantation. In addition to the breakage of yarn filaments (SEM), migration of fiber debris (histology) was observed in 7 cases. The structure of the polyester molecule had evolved after implantation. A decrease of crystallinity (x-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry) was noted. These observations raise the question of the established stability of vascular prostheses and emphasize the need for further investigations in human graft retrieval programs.
Giant multilevel cation channels formed by Alzheimer disease amyloid beta-protein [A beta P-(1-40)] in bilayer membranes. (1993)

We have recently shown that the Alzheimer disease 40-residue amyloid beta-protein [A beta P-(1-40)] can form cation-selective channels when incorporated into planar lipid bilayers by fusion of liposomes containing the peptide. Since A beta P-(1-40) comprises portions of the putative extracellular and membrane-spanning domains of the amyloid precursor protein (APP751), we suggested that the channel-forming property could be the underlying cause of amyloid neurotoxicity. The peptide has been proposed to occur in vivo in both membrane-bound and soluble forms, and we now report that soluble A beta P-(1-40) can also form similar channels in solvent-free lipid bilayers formed at the tip of a patch pipet, as well as in the planar lipid bilayer system. As in the case of liposome-mediated incorporation, the amyloid channel activity in the patch pipet exhibits multiple conductance levels between 40 and 400 pS, cation selectivity, and sensitivity to tromethamine (Tris). Further studies with A beta P channels incorporated into planar lipid bilayers from the liposome complex have also revealed that the channel activity can express spontaneous transitions to a much higher range of conductances between 400 and 4000 pS. Under these conditions, the amyloid channel continues to be cation selective. Amyloid channels were insensitive to nitrendipine at either conductance range. We calculate that if such channels were expressed in cells, the ensuing ion fluxes down their electrochemical potential gradients would be homeostatically dissipative. We therefore interpret these data as providing further support for the concept that cell death in Alzheimer disease may be due to amyloid ion-channel activity.
Anti‐betalactoglobulin IgG antibodies bind to a specific profile of epitopes when patients are allergic to cow's milk proteins (1998)

The IgG responses to BLG of CM-intolerant or allergic patients are very different from those of healthy controls, being characterized not only by increased titres but also similar patterns of modified specificity, including a marked preference for conformational epitopes. Cross-competition experiments confirmed that the restricted specificity was clinically associated, appearing as an immunological signature, which allowed almost complete discrimination between patient groups. This phenomenon is a particularly promising diagnostic feature in this category of young patients where conventional tests usually only document the status of sensitization.
Mathematical modelling of the action potential of human embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (2012)

This study provides a novel modelling tool that may serve useful to investigate physiological properties of hESC-CMs.
모세관 GC / MS 에 의한 인삼향기성분의 일차적 동정 (同定) (1984)

Volatile flavor components of raw ginseng were collected from the manufacturing process of ginseng extract. Flavor components were separated by capillary column chromatography using SE-54 stationary phase and individual components were identified by means of GC/MS. Twenty six compounds including monoterpenes, esters, ethers, and sesquiterpenoids were tentatively identified. Major flavor components characteristic to ginseng appeared to be sesqiterpenoids such as α-gurjunene, β-maaliene, α-guaiene. β-patchoulene, (-)aromadendrene, and β-elemene.
RNA Silencing of Checkpoint Regulators Sensitizes <i>p53</i> -Defective Prostate Cancer Cells to Chemotherapy while Sparing Normal Cells (2005)

p53 is frequently mutated in patients with prostate cancer, especially in those with advanced disease. Therefore, the selective elimination of p53 mutant cells will likely have an impact in the treatment of prostate cancer. Because p53 has important roles in cell cycle checkpoints, it has been anticipated that modulation of checkpoint pathways should sensitize p53-defective cells to chemotherapy while sparing normal cells. To test this idea, we knocked down ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene by RNA interference in prostate cancer cell lines and in normal human diploid fibroblasts IMR90. ATM knockdown in p53-defective PC3 prostate cancer cells accelerated their cell cycle transition, increased both E2F activity and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression, and compromised cell cycle checkpoints, which are normally induced by DNA damage. Consequently, PC3 cells were sensitized to the killing effects of the DNA-damaging drug doxorubicin. Combining ATM knockdown with the Chk1 inhibitor UCN-01 further increased doxorubicin sensitivity in these cells. In contrast, the same strategy did not sensitize either IMR90 or LNCaP prostate cancer cells, both of which have normal p53. However, IMR90 and LNCaP cells became more sensitive to doxorubicin or doxorubicin plus UCN-01 when both p53 and ATM functions were suppressed. In addition, knockdown of the G(2) checkpoint regulators ATR and Chk1 also sensitized PC3 cells to doxorubicin and increased the expression of the E2F target gene PCNA. Together, our data support the concept of selective elimination of p53 mutant cells by combining DNA damage with checkpoint inhibitors and suggest a novel mechanistic insight into how such treatment may selectively kill tumor cells.
Optimum Design of a Non-Destructive Testing System to Maximize Magnetic Flux Leakage (2001)

This paper describes the design method of a magnetic system to maximize the magnetic flux leakage (MFL) in a non-destructive testing (NDT) system. The defect signals in a MFL type NDT system mainly depend on the change of the magnetic leakage flux in the region of a defect. The characteristics of the B-H curves are analyzed and a design method to define the operating point on B-H curves for maximum leakage is performed. The computed MFL signal by a nonlinear finite element method is verified by measurement using Hall sensors mounted on the 6 legs PIG, the traveling detector unit in gas pipe, in an 8 inch test tube with defects. The rhombic defects could be successfully identified from the defect signals.
Resistance to Active Oxygen Toxicity of Transgenic Nicotiana tabacum that Expresses the Gene for Glutathione Reductase from Escherichia coli (1991)

A chimeric gene consisting of a gene from Escherichia coli that encodes glutathione reductase (GR), the 35S promoter of cauliflower mosaic virus and the terminator sequences of the gene for nopaline synthase, was introduced into tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum SRI) cells via a Ti plasmid vector. Expression of the bacterial gene in transformed plants and their descendants was confirmed by immunochemical analysis. GR activity in leaf extracts varied among transgenic plants, ranging from about 1.0 to 3.5 times the control level. These transgenic plants exhibited lower susceptibility to paraquat than control plants in terms of the extent of visible foliar damage, a result that suggests that GR may play an important role in the detoxification of active oxygen in the cytoplasmic matrix of plant cells. However, the transgenic plants were no more resistant to ozone than were the controls, both in terms of the extent of visible foliar damage and with respect to photosynthetic activity.
Approach for sub pT, room temperature magnetic sensors (2010)

Some of the major contributions to noise in magnetic sensors can only be reduced by increasing the size of the sensor. Here we present an approach for reducing 1/f noise in large magnetic sensors. The approach is based on modulating the field by rotating a disc containing permalloy flux concentrators or flux guides. The disc rotation is driven by an air turbine. Modulation frequencies as high as 76 Hz have been achieved, but higher modulation frequencies will be achieved in our new design. Low frequency signals appear as sidebands around the modulation frequency. The magnetic sensor used is a magnetoelectric sensor. Magnetoelectric sensors have achieved sensitivities of 2nT at 1 Hz. By using modulation to operate at the mechanical resonance frequency of magnetoelectric sensors it should be possible to achieve sub pT/Hz <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1/2</sup> at 1 Hz. Here we discuss the progress and problems in achieving this goal.
Tesofensine (NS 2330), a Monoamine Reuptake Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Parkinson Disease and Motor Fluctuations (2008)

clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00148512.
Balanced multipoint displacement encoding for DENSE MRI (2009)

Displacement encoding with stimulated echoes (DENSE) is a quantitative imaging technique that encodes tissue displacement in the phase of the acquired signal. Various DENSE sequences have encoded displacement using methods analogous to the simple multipoint methods of phase contrast (PC) MRI. We developed general n-dimension balanced multipoint encoding for DENSE. Using these methods, phase noise variance decreased experimentally by 73.7%, 65.6%, and 61.9% compared with simple methods, which closely matched the theoretical decreases of 75%, 66.7%, and 62.5% for one-dimensional (1D), 2D, and 3D encoding, respectively. Phase noise covariances decreased by 99.2% and 99.3% for balanced 2D and 3D encoding, consistent with the zero-covariance prediction. The direction bias inherent to the simple methods was decreased to almost zero using balanced methods. Reduced phase noise and improved displacement and strain maps using balanced methods were visually observed in phantom and volunteer images. Balanced multipoint encoding can also be applied to PC MRI.
Estimation of the low-density (beta) lipoproteins of serum in health and disease using large molecular weight dextran sulphate (1964)

Studies have been made of the factors affecting the specificity of the interaction between high molecular weight dextran sulphate and low-density lipoproteins, both in pure solution and in serum. The results have been used in the development of a simple assay method for the serum concentration of low-density lipoproteins in small volumes of serum. The results obtained by this assay procedure have been found to correlate acceptably with parallel estimations of low-density lipoproteins by an ultracentrifugal technique and by paper electrophoresis. The technique has been applied to a survey of serum levels of these proteins in a normal population. The results have been compared with data in the literature. Satisfactory agreement was found between mean levels, matched for age and sex, between the dextran sulphate method and those methods based ultimately on chemical estimation of one or more components of the isolated lipoproteins. A systematic difference was observed when the dextran sulphate method was compared with estimates based on analytical ultracentrifugation or turbidimetry using amylopectin sulphate.Some indication of the range of application of the dextran sulphate method in clinical chemistry is provided.
Shakey the Robot (1984)

Abstract : From 1960 through 1972, the Artificial Intelligence Center at SRI conducted research on a mobile robot system nicknamed Shakey. Endowed with a limited ability to perceive and model its environment, Shakey could perform tasks that required planning, route finding, and the rearranging of simple objects. Although the Shakey project led to numerous advances in AI techniques, many of which were reported in the literature, much specific in formation that might be useful in current robotics research appears only in a series of relatively inaccessible SRI technical reports. Our purpose here, consequently, is to make this material more readily available by extracting and reprinting those sections of the reports that seem particularly interesting, relevant and important.
Role of Pericarp in Reducing Spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) Seed Germination at Supra-optimal Temperatures (1984)

Germination of the spinach (Spinacia oleracea L. var. grabra cv. Nobel) seed was examined at supra-optimal temperatures. Almost all seeds germinated rapidly at 20°C. However, germination decreased as temperature was raised and fell to about 10% at 35°C. Removal of the pericarp as well as presoaking treatment markedly improved the germination, especially, at 35°C. Germination of pericarp-removed seeds was inhibited by water soluble extracts from seeds and pericarp, but not by those from presoaked seeds. The inhibitory activity of the extracts was not affected much by the incubation temperatures before extraction. Sulfuric acid treatment conducted to modify the physical properties of the pericarp and hydrogen peroxide treatment conducted to elevate the oxygen tension promoted germination.Thus, the poor germination at high temperatures may be caused mainly by the pericarp, which produces germination inhibitors or gives mechanical resistance and impermeability to gases. Even in the pericarp-removed seeds, germination was delayed at high temperatures, indicating that high temperature directly affected the embryo.
The optimal use of bexarotene in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (2007)

The management goal in cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) is to improve symptoms and induce remission. Early-stage disease is generally treated with skin-directed therapies. However, if these do not control the disease, systemic therapy becomes necessary. Bexarotene, a novel rexinoid, is an oral, noncytotoxic drug that has been approved in Europe for the treatment of refractory advanced-stage CTCL and in the U.S.A. for refractory CTCL. We provide guidance on the use of bexarotene in the management of CTCL, based on data from phase II/III clinical trials and the authors' clinical experience, and suggest how the potential of the drug can be maximized. The clinical trial results with bexarotene are reviewed, especially in comparison with interferon-alpha, which is the other commonly used noncytotoxic systemic therapy for CTCL. A treatment algorithm for bexarotene in refractory CTCL is suggested. As bexarotene may take time to achieve a maximum response, this algorithm recommends that therapy should be continued for a sufficient period to allow for a delayed onset of action. In addition, possible combination therapies with bexarotene are discussed. We conclude that bexarotene is effective in the management of CTCL, and has the advantage of oral administration. An on-going randomized clinical trial comparing psoralen plus ultraviolet A (PUVA) with PUVA plus bexarotene will provide valuable information about this combination regimen in early-stage disease, but further data are needed on the relative efficacies of other combination therapies with bexarotene in CTCL.
A Rule-Based Expert System for Automatic Control Rod Pattern Generation for Boiling Water Reactors (1991)

An expert system for generating control rod patterns has been developed. The knowledge is transformed into IF-THEN rules. The inference engine uses the Rete pattern matching algorithm to match facts, and rule premises and conflict resolution strategies to make the system function intelligently. A forward-chaining mechanism is adopted in the inference engine. The system is implemented in the Common Lisp programming language. The three-dimensional core simulation model performs the core status and burnup calculations. The system is successfully demonstrated by generating control rod programming for the 2894-MW(thermal) Kuosheng nuclear power plant in Taiwan. The computing time is tremendously reduced compared to programs using mathematical methods.
<i>Ab initio</i>synthesis by DNA polymerases (2013)

The polymerization of free nucleotides into new genetic elements by DNA polymerases in the absence of DNA, called ab initio DNA synthesis, is a little known phenomenon. DNA polymerases from prokaryotes can effectively synthesize long stretches of linear double-stranded DNA in the complete absence of added primer and template DNAs. Ab initio DNA synthesis is extremely enhanced if a restriction endonuclease or nicking endonuclease is added to the reaction with DNA polymerase. The synthesized ab initio DNA have various tandem repeats. Sequences similar to those of ab initio DNA products are found in many natural genes. The significance of ab initio DNA synthesis is that genetic information can be created directly by protein. The ab initio DNA synthesis is considered a non-specific synthesis in various DNA amplification techniques. In this review, we present the main studies devoted to this phenomenon and introduce possible mechanisms of this synthesis from our current knowledge.
Inflammation, A beta deposition, and neurofibrillary tangle formation as correlates of Alzheimer's disease neurodegeneration. (1996)

We evaluated entorhinal cortex and superior frontal gyrus for hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology, including inflammation, in three patient sets: AD patients, nondemented elderly patients with few or no neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and amyloid beta peptide (A beta) deposits, i.e. normal controls (NC), and nondemented elderly patients with profuse entorhinal cortex NFTs and neocortical A beta deposits, i.e. high pathology controls (HPC). Membrane attack complex (C5b-9) immunoreactivity and immune activation of microglia (MHCII expression) were used as general markers for inflammation. Compared to NC patients, AD patients exhibited significant cortical synapse loss, A beta deposition, NFT formation, and inflammation. HPC patients also had significantly elevated A beta deposition and NFT formation, but there was no evidence of synapse loss and little or no evidence of inflammation. Across patients and brain regions the measures of inflammation each accounted for significant percentages of the variance in synaptophysin immunoreactivity and each was more highly correlated with synapse estimates than NFT formation or A beta deposition.
A Study of Catalysis by Metal Phosphates. IV. The Alkylation of Phenol with Methanol over Metal Phosphate Catalysts (1977)

Abstract The catalytic methylation in the vapor phase over various metal phosphates has been investigated using a conventional flow reactor at temperatures ranging from 350 to 500 °C under atmospheric pressure. The Ca3(PO4)2 catalyst was excellent in both its activity and its selectivity for ortho-methylation, giving predominantly o-cresol and 2,6-xylenol, whereas the BPO4 or CaHPO4 catalyst simultaneously promoted the formation of anisole. The activity of Ca3(PO4)2 was significantly higher than that of the CaO or MgO catalyst. The influences of the reaction temperature, the contact time, and the calcination temperature of the catalyst upon the conversion of phenol, and the yields of the products were investigated in detail over the Ca3(PO4)2 catalyst. The activities and the selectivities of various catalysts were discussed in connection with their acid-base properties. The mechanism of the participation of both the acidic and basic sites in the methylation was also discussed.