gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Experimental acoustic-surface-wave-to-bulk-wave scattering by grooves (1976)

The letter describes results obtained on the conversion of acoustic surface waves into bulk waves through scattering by rectangular grooves on aluminium at 1.15 MHz, and gives a comparison with theoretical predictions.
Flexible electrochromic films based on CVD-graphene electrodes (2014)

Graphene synthesized via chemical vapor deposition is a notable candidate for flexible large-area transparent electrodes due to its great physical properties and its 2D activated surface area. Electrochromic devices in optical displays, smart windows, etc are suitable applications for graphene when used as a transparent conductive electrode. In this study, various-layer graphene was synthesized via chemical vapor deposition, and inorganic WO(x) was deposited on the layers, which have advantageous columnar structures and W(6+) and W(4+) oxidation states. The characteristics of graphene and WO(x) were verified using optical transmittance, Raman spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The optimum transparent conductive electrode condition for controlling graphene layers was investigated based on the optical density and cyclic voltammetry. Electrochromic devices were fabricated using a three-layer graphene electrode, which had the best optical density. The graphene in the flexible electrochromic device demonstrated a potential for replacing ITO in flexible electronics.
IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 1,2-DIMETHOXY-3-ISOPROPYLBENZENE AND GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF 3-SUBSTITUTED-1,2-DIMETHOXYBENZENES (1990)

(1990). IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 1,2-DIMETHOXY-3-ISOPROPYLBENZENE AND GENERAL SYNTHESIS OF 3-SUBSTITUTED-1,2-DIMETHOXYBENZENES. Organic Preparations and Procedures International: Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 495-500.
Boosting Fashion Image Attributes Classification Performance with MT-GAN Training Technique (2020)

Automatic understanding of the product images, particularly the image attributes such as pattern, color, category, material, department, etc., has become a prerequisite for many downstream applications in the e-commerce ecosystem such as visually similar product retrieval and recommendation, publisher website image content monetization. With the recent advancement of deep learning techniques, multi-task deep neural networks (MTDNN) have been widely adopted for multi-class multi-label fashion image classification tasks. In this work, we propose a training technique Multi-Task Generative Adversarial Network (MT-GAN) to improve fashion image classification performance with an additional image translation task. We evaluated the proposed technique on two real-world fashion image datasets and experimental results show that both image classification and image translation benefit from this joint training setting. Specifically the image classifier, even though trained with a smaller amount of data and fewer types of labeled information, manages to outperform existing image classification models such as WTBI and DARN by 54% and 20% respectively for category classification on DeepFashion benchmark. Two main contributors to the superior performance of the image classifier trained as the discriminator in the proposed MT-GAN framework are: 1) the classifier leverages additional amount of data and the regularization effect by taking on the task of a traditional discriminator. 2) The classifier takes not only the RGB image but also the conditional input image shared between the generator and itself as its input, boosting the classification accuracy and recall by 18%. The proposed MT-GAN training technique is GAN-agnostic and can be applied to various state-of-the-art designs of generator and discriminator as well.
Diffusion and Reaction in Catalyst Pellets with Bidisperse Pore Size Distribution (1998)

Catalysts with bidisperse pore structures are extensively used in chemical industries. In such catalysts, diffusion and reaction in the microporous particles are preceded by diffusion in the macropores. The relative significance of macro- and micropore diffusion resistances on the observed reaction rates with linear and nonlinear rate forms, heat effects, catalyst deactivation and selectivity problems in bidisperse catalysts are investigated in number of published works. In this article, a review of the models proposed in the literature is presented together with a critical analysis of assumptions involved. Criteria are presented to test the relative significance of transport limitations. Also, a review of experimental techniques and experimental values of micro- and macropore effective diffusivities of gases in solids with bidisperse pore structures, such as zeolite pellets and supported porous catalysts, is given.
South african fish products. XXXI.—The composition of pilchard oil and of maasbanker oil (1950)

Abstract A quantitative study of the saponifiable and unsaponifiable fractions of three samples of South African Pilchard oil and of one sample of maasbanker oil has been made. Differences in the iodine value of the three pilchard oils studied resxulted chiefly from differences in the mean unsaturation of the various homologous groups of fatty acids, the relative proportions of the different groups differing c comparatively little in oils of high and low iodine value. In the oil from the very lean fish the percentage of c 22 Acids was increased at the expense of the plamitc and c 18 unsturated acids, an observation which supports Lovern's view that in fasting fish the acids of lower molecular weight are preferentially utilized leading to an accumulation of acids of high molecular weight. Maasbanker iol differed from pilchard oil in that the percentage of C 20 unsaturated acids was lower and the percentage of C 22 unsturated acids was highere than in pilchard oil. A more striking difference was the lower degree of unsturation of both the C 20 and C 22 acids in the maasbanker oil; this was reflected in its very much lower iodine value. Cholesterol was the chief constituent of the unsaponifiable fraction of both pilchard and maasbanker oil. Other components of the unsaponifiable fractions of both oils were α‐glyceryl ethers, saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, fatty alcohols and vitamin A. Evidence was obtained that a C 22 unsturated fatty alcohol was present in the unsaponifiable faction of maasbanker oil.
Essential pathogenic and metabolic differences in steatosis induced by choline or methione‐choline deficient diets in a rat model (2006)

The CD diet induced uncomplicated steatosis as compared to progressive inflammation and fibrinogenesis in the MCD diet. CD and MCD diets represent two pathogenically different models of steatosis. Although equivalence for the outcome of both diets can be found in clinical steatosis, the results of models using these diets should be compared with caution.
Transthoracic Ventricular Defibrillation in the 100 kg Calf with Symmetrical One-Cycle Bidirectional Rectangular Wave Stimuli (1983)

From 2760 fibrillation-defibrillation episodes in 100 kg calves, the effectiveness of reversing ventricular fibrillation of 30 s duration with symmetrical one-cycle bidirectional rectangular-wave shocks was determined. Pulse widths of 0.5-64 ms, pulse amplitudes of 35,50,70,100, and 140 A, and delivered pulse energies in the 93-1567 J range were employed in a primary study involving 39 animals. Families of curves relating percent successful defibrillation and the time intervals required for the return ofventricular activity and of normal sinus rhythm in the postdefibrillation electrocardiograms to the parameters of the delivered shocks were derived. In an eight-calf supplementary study involving 91-110 kg animals, the effectiveness of 50 A, 10 ms bidirectional rectangular wave shocks and 70 A, 6 ms unidirectional rectangular wave shocks were stringently compared by interlacing fibrillation-defibrillation episodes involving 120 bidirectional and 120 unidirectional shocks. When combined with previously published data for unidirectional wave shocks in 100 kg calves, our data suggest that pulse amplitude and pulse width specifications are considerably broader for successful bidirectional rectangular wave shocks than for unidirectional rectangular wave shocks, and that appreciably higher first-shock successful defibrillation (96-99 percent) can be achieved with bidirectional waveforms
Critical research gaps and translational priorities for the successful prevention and treatment of breast cancer (2013)

With resources to conduct further high-quality targeted research focusing on the gaps identified, increased knowledge translating into improved clinical care should be achievable within five years.
A 2.3&#x03BC;m cutoff wavelength photodiode on InP using lattice-matched GaInAs-GaAsSb type-II quantum wells (2005)

We report on a p-i-n photodiode on InP substrate using lattice matched GaInAs-GaAsSb type-II quantum wells for absorption up to 2.3 /spl mu/m. Peak room temperature external quantum efficiency of 60% was observed at 2.3 /spl mu/m.
Cytotoxicity of Flavonoids and Sesquiterpene Lactones from<i>Arnica</i>Species Against the GLC<sub>4</sub>and the COLO 320 Cell Lines (1994)

The cytotoxicity of 21 flavonoids and 5 sesquiterpene lactones, as present in Arnica species, was studied in GLC4, a human small cell lung carcinoma cell line, and in COLO 320, a human colorectal cancer cell line, using the microculture tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Following continuous incubation, most flavonoids showed moderate to low cytotoxicity, as compared with the reference compound cisplatin (IC50 = 1.1 microM against GLC4 and 2.9 microM against COLO 320). Their IC50 values varied from 17 to > 200 microM. The most toxic compound was the flavone jaceosidin. Of the sesquiterpene lactones tested, helenalin, possessing both the reactive alpha-methylene-gamma-lactone moiety and a reactive alpha,beta-unsubstituted cyclopentenone ring, displayed the strongest cytotoxicity. For 2 h exposure, its IC50 value was 0.44 microM against GLC4 and 1.0 microM against COLO 320. COLO 320 was more sensitive than GLC4 for many flavonoids (especially for flavones), but more resistant to the cytotoxic effect of the sesquiterpene lactones bearing an exocylic methylene group fused to the lactone function.
Cell biology of atherosclerosis. (1994)

The major cells comprising plaques are phenotypically modified, smooth-muscle, monocyte-derived, macrophages and T lymphocytes. The monocyte/macrophages and T lymphocytes are chemoattracted into the vessel wall by substances such as oxidized lipoprotein following their adhesion to a dysfunctional endothelium (caused for example by hyperlipidaemia, hypertension or diabetes). The macrophages and T lymphocytes produce specific matrix-degrading enzymes that initiate smooth muscle phenotypic change to a state in which they are responsive to a vast array of mitogens released by cells within the artery wall and by degranulating platelets. Cytokines also released are mediators of an immune response. These processes result in the formation of a thick fibrous cap of proliferated, phenotypically modified, smooth muscle cells and the extracellular matrix that they have produced, overlying a laterally placed cellular region of macrophages, T lymphocytes and smooth muscle cells and a central core of cell debris and cholesterol which has formed from necrotic, lipid-filled macrophages and smooth muscle cells. THROMBI: Ulceration and splitting of the fibrous cap exposes the highly thrombogenic necrotic core to flowing blood, resulting in thrombi which can travel distally to occlude smaller vessels and produce (dependent on the site of the plaque) myocardial infarction, stroke or gangrene of the extremities.
Zur Treffertheorie der indirekten Strahlen-Wirkung (1954)

Es wird versucht, die Treffertheorie auf die indirekte Strahlenwirkung auszudehnen. Dazu wird angenommen, daß durch die Strahlung „Energieträger“ erzeugt werden, die durch Diffusion zu den „empfindlichen Bereichen“ gelangen und diese verändern können. Der Berechnung des Wirkvolumens für derartige „indirekte Treffer“ folgt eine reaktionskinetische Betrachtung der indirekten Wirkung. Durch die Einschaltung physikalisch-chemischer Prozesse zwischen Strahlenabsorption und „Treffer“ erscheint eine Berücksichtigung der physikalischen und chemischen Gegebenheiten im bestrahlten Objekt viel eher möglich als in der „klassischen“ Theorie der „direkten Trefferwirkung“.
Analysis of Polymeric UV Absorber (Tinuvin 213) Using LDI-TOFMS: Solvent Effect in Sample Preparation (2011)

The range of applications of polymeric materials is extending at an amazing rate and the number of additives available to modify polymer properties is increasing proportionately. These additives include antioxidants, UV stabilizers, lubricants, and so on. Polymeric materials undergo degradation when they are exposed to the ultraviolet (UV) radiation in sunlight. This degradation process results in a change in the appearance and reduction of the physical properties. ortho-Hydroxyphenyl benzotriazoles are commonly used as UV absorbers (UVAs). They absorb potentially destructive UV radiation and dissipate the energy on a subpicosecond time scale. 1-6 The UVA is used to filter off UV radiation and dissipate the energy in the form of heat. UVAs must have a wide range of chemical and physical properties to be useful in applications, which include coatings and a wide variety of polymer products. 1 Tinuvin 213 is a mixture of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and two types of polymeric UVAs. It commonly applies to poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), natural rubber (NR), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE), and so on. Chemical structures of the two UVAs are shown in Scheme 1. They are [3-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-1-oxopropyl]-hydroxypoly(oxo-1,2-ethanediyl) (CAS number: 104810-48-2) and 3-[3-(2H-benzotriazol-2-yl)-5-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-4
Quantum Chemical Calculations with the Inclusion of Nonspecific and Specific Solvation: Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation with Bifunctional Ruthenium Catalysts (2013)

Details of the mechanism of asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of ketones catalyzed by two chiral bifunctional ruthenium complexes, (S)-RuH[(R,R)-OCH(Ph)CH(Ph)NH(2)](η(6)-benzene) (Ru-1) or (S)-RuH[(R,R)-p-TsNCH(Ph)CH(Ph)NH(2)](η(6)-mesitylene) (Ru-2), were studied computationally by density functional theory, accounting for the solvation effects by using continuum, discrete, and mixed continuum/discrete solvation models via "solvated supermolecules" approach. In contrast to gas phase quantum chemical calculations, where the reactions were found to proceed via a concerted three-bond asynchronous process through a six-membered pericyclic transition state, incorporation of the implicit and/or explicit solvation into the calculations suggests that the same reactions proceed via two steps in solution: (i) enantio-determining hydride transfer and (ii) proton transfer through the contact ion-pair intermediate, stabilized primarily by ionic hydrogen bonding between the cation and the anion. The calculations suggest that the proton source for neutralizing the chiral RO(-) anion may be either the amine group of the cationic Ru complex or, more likely, a protic solvent molecule. In the latter case, the reaction may not necessarily proceed via the 16e amido complex Ru[(R,R)-XCH(Ph)CH(Ph)NH](η(6)-arene). The origin of enantioselectivity is discussed in terms of the newly formulated mechanism.
Does computer-synthesized speech manifest personality? Experimental tests of recognition, similarity-attraction, and consistency-attraction. (2001)

Would people exhibit similarity-attraction and consistency-attraction toward unambiguously computer-generated speech even when personality is clearly not relevant? In Experiment 1, participants (extrovert or introvert) heard a synthesized voice (extrovert or introvert) on a book-buying Web site. Participants accurately recognized personality cues in text to speech and showed similarity-attraction in their evaluation of the computer voice, the book reviews, and the reviewer. Experiment 2, in a Web auction context, added personality of the text to the previous design. The results replicated Experiment 1 and demonstrated consistency (voice and text personality)-attraction. To maximize liking and trust, designers should set parameters, for example, words per minute or frequency range, that create a personality that is consistent with the user and the content being presented.
Embryological Development of Primordial Germ-cells in the Mouse: Influence of a New Mutation, <i>Wj</i> (1957)

ABSTRACT Twenty-seven mouse embryos at days from matings of Wjw × Wjw were examined in order to establish the embryological basis of the germ-cell deficiency found in the WjWj genotype at birth. Elective staining of primordial germ-cells was obtained with the azo dye coupling histochemical technique for alkaline phosphatase. Numbers and locations of these cells were recorded in complete serial sections. Formation of germ-cells occurs, as in normals, in all members of the 8-day group. At 9 days and later, during gonial migration from yolk sac toward germinal ridges, two distinct populations of individuals are recognizable. In one, the number of germ-cells increases; in the other, totals remain very low. The latter would be expected to characterize the WjWj class. Observed incidence of such cases was close to the theoretical frequency of 25 per cent, defective offspring. These findings support the earlier proof (Mintz & Russell, 1955, 1957) that the cells observed are the primordial germ-cells and are of extra-gonadal origin. In defectives, migratory retardation of germ-cells accompanies their mitotic insufficiency. The effects of Wj are compared with those of the alleles W and Wv, and the significance of the study for the problem of pleiotropic gene action is considered.
Bioactivities of Chalcones (1999)

This review outlines the different bioactivities of a variety of chalcones. The cytotoxic, anticancer, chemopreventative and mutagenic properties of a number of chalcones are described followed by an account of various of these unsaturated ketones as antimicrobial agents. The antiviral, antiprotozoal and insecticidal activities of a variety of chalcones are reviewed as well as the enzyme-inhibitory properties and miscellaneous activities of some of these molecules.
Clinical Experience in the Therapy of Bites from Exotic Snakes in Berlin (1992)

Since there are nearly no indigenous poisonous snakes in Germany, snake bites by poisonous snakes are rare. Most serious snake bites reported to poison information centres or treated at hospitals are caused by exotic snakes that are kept in private households. Only few types of antivenom are stored in emergency depots in Germany including polyvalent antivenoms from commercial sources. Since experience with the treatment of poisonous snake bites is limited, the records of the Intensive Care Unit and the Poison Information Centre of the Universitätsklinikum Rudolf Virchow from 1980-1991 were evaluated. During this period, 51 snake bites were reported. Eleven patients who had been bitten by exotic poisonous snakes were treated in intensive care. In eight of the cases, ethanol (blood levels on admission 1.2-4.2 g-1) had played an important role in the cause of the bite. A moderate to severe local inflammation at the site of the bite followed by oedema and necrosis was typical. One patient developed respiratory failure, probably because of the neurotoxic effects of the snake venom and a compartment syndrome necessitating fasciotomy. Haemolysis was observed in four patients and coagulopathy in six patients. All patients received polyvalent antivenom within 2-12 h of the snake bite. Despite serious coagulopathy in two of the patients and respiratory arrest in one, all survived without sequelae.
<title>Fiber Optic Bus With Spread Spectrum Techniques</title> (1983)

First of all we will recall briefly the conventionnal architectures of buses ( tee or linear, ring and star network ) and their limits, then the distributed star configuration and finally we present a completely new topology of a non-processed fiber optic data bus. The non-processing consist of suppressing the entire command and address part of the bus.
An Unusual Hantavirus Outbreak in Southern Argentina: Person-to-Person Transmission? (1997)

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome is a rodent-borne zoonosis first recognized in the United States in 1993. Person-to-person transmission has not been reported; however, in the outbreak of 20 cases reported here, epidemiologic evidence strongly suggests this route of transmission.
A digital quadrature bridge for impedance measurements (2014)

This paper describes a digital alternating current (ac) quadrature bridge for impedance measurements under development at INMETRO. This bridge is primarily intended to allow the comparison of ac resistors with standard capacitors but it could be applied to a myriad of impedance-measurement tasks as the precise determination of dissipation factor of capacitors, of resistor time-constants, as well as an aid in investigations on the nonlinear behavior of passive electronic components. Aimed at attaining measurement uncertainties of around 10 μΩ/Ω at 1 kHz under sinusoidal conditions, it has prospects for further improvements.
Escape of SARS-CoV-2 501Y.V2 from neutralization by convalescent plasma (2021)

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) have arisen independently at multiple locations and may reduce efficacy of current vaccines targeted at the spike glycoprotein. We re-cently described the emergence of VOC in South Africa (501Y.V2 or PANGO lineage B.1.351) with mutations in the spike receptor-binding domain (RBD) and N-terminal domain (NTD). Here, using a live virus neutralization assay (LVNA), we compared neutralization of a first wave virus (B.1.1.117) versus the 501Y.V2 variant using plasma collected from adults hospitalized with COVID-19 from two South African infection waves, with the second wave dominated by 501Y.V2 infections. Sequencing demonstrated that infections in first wave plasma donors were with viruses harbouring none of the 501Y.V2-defining RBD or NTD mutations, except for one with E484K. 501Y.V2 virus was effectively neutralized by plasma from second wave infections and first wave virus was effectively neutralized by first wave plasma. In cross-neutralization, 501Y.V2 virus was poorly neutralized by first wave plasma, with an 8.4-fold drop in neutralization relative to first wave virus and a 15.1-fold drop relative to 501Y.V2 neutralization by second wave plasma. In contrast, second wave plasma neutralization of first wave virus was more effective, showing 4.1-fold decline relative to 501Y.V2 virus neutralization and 2.3-fold decline relative to first wave plasma neutralization. While we only tested one plasma elicited by E484K alone, this potently neutralized both variants. The observed effective neutralization of first wave virus by 501Y.V2 infection elicited plasma provides preliminary evidence that vaccines based on VOC sequences could retain activity against other circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages.