gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A multicenter trial of immunotherapy with alginate--conjugated grass pollen extract. (1986)

Conjuvac, a new generation of allergen extracts, has been developed to meet the need for improved characterization, purification, and standardization. Conjuvac consists of a dialyzed, standardized aqueous allergen extract chemically conjugated to a sodium alginate carrier and lyophilized in single-dose vials, thus ensuring stability until reconstituted with sterile water just before each injection. A preliminary study of Conjuvac 2 Grass by Pegelow (1984) involving a small number of patients showed this extract to have potential advantages. Accordingly, a study involving more patients was undertaken: two different maintenance dose levels of Conjuvac 2 Grass were investigated and compared to a pyridine-extracted, alum-precipitated two-grass extract called Allpyral, which in previous double-blind trials has been shown to be effective. The trial, which included 125 patients with hay fever and which extended over 2 years, involved ten allergists from seven European countries. Overall, the Conjuvac high-dose regimen proved slightly superior to Allpyral without any increased incidence of side effects, and all treatments stimulated marked increases in specific IgG levels without raising IgE levels.
Copropagating and counterpropagating pumps in second-order-pumped discrete fiber Raman amplifiers (2002)

The gains and noise figures of discrete second-order-pumped fiber Raman amplifiers utilizing copropagating and counterpropagating pump configurations were experimentally obtained, and the gain results were compared with computer simulations. It was found that the additional gain that is due to second-order Raman pumping is larger for the copropagating pumps than for the counterpropagating pumps, in agreement with simulations. In contrast to distributed second-order-pumped fiber Raman amplifiers, a slight increase in noise figure, by as much as ~1 dB was observed relative to the single-pump scheme. However, the advantages of second-order pumping in discrete amplifiers include greater flexibility in design of the gain distribution along the fiber and the ability to spectrally distribute the pump powers to avoid undesired nonlinear effects.
Lignin and Its Polyblends (1995)

Lignin, one of the most abundant biopolymers, is a renewable, cheap source with great possibilities for use as a component in polymeric systems. In spite of many research efforts, its potential hasn't been exploited. Recent developments in the domain of lignin and its derivatives focus on the possibilities of their use in polymeric systems. This paper shows some recent data obtained by using lignin in poIyblends with silicones, acrylics, polyurethanes, epoxy, and PVC. 1613
Uncovering a multitude of sins: medication management in the home post acute hospitalisation among the chronically ill (1999)

Management of prescribed medications among chronically ill patients recently discharged from acute hospital care is often sub-optimal. Assessment of medication management in the home provides an invaluable opportunity to detect and address problems likely to result in poorer health outcomes.
Expression of the α9β1 integrin in human colonic epithelial cells: Resurgence of the fetal phenotype in a subset of colon cancers and adenocarcinoma cell lines (1998)

Cell-matrix interactions are thought to be of critical importance in the regulation of various cell functions, including proliferation, migration and control of gene expression. The integrins, a large family of specific receptors for the macromolecules of the extracellular matrix, are important mediators of these interactions. The integrin alpha9beta1 is one of the integrins whose expression is restricted to specialized tissues. Its exact function is unknown. In the present study, we have analyzed expression of the alpha9 subunit in human colonic epithelial cells by indirect immuno-fluorescence and Western and Northern blots. In normal intact tissues, the antigen was detected at the basolateral domain of epithelial cells in colonic glands at the fetal stage but was absent in adults. Strong staining was detected constitutively in contractile cells at both stages. In adenocarcinomas, the alpha9 subunit was detected at the basolateral domain of epithelial cells in 6 of the 10 tumors tested, while a reduction of the staining was observed in the sub-epithelial myofibroblasts in parallel with peri-glandular stroma disorganization. The potential for colon adenocarcinoma cells to express the integrin alpha9 subunit was confirmed at both the protein and transcript levels in Caco-2 and T84 cell lines, 2 well-characterized cell lines known to exhibit polarization features. The 5 other cell lines tested were negative for expression of the alpha9 subunit. Taken together, our observations suggest that the alpha9 integrin subunit is subject to an onco-fetal pattern of expression in human colonic epithelium.
An Integrated Bias Voltage Control Method for SPAD Arrays (2018)

An integrated bias voltage control method is proposed for alleviating the impact of breakdown voltage non-uniformity in single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays. A shared resistor string digital-to-analog converter is utilized to provide an optional potential for the anode of SPAD. Adjusting the anode voltage of SPAD according to its breakdown voltage can guarantee each detector in the array with similar excess bias voltage. The circuit was fabricated in TSMC 0.18- <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{m}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> CMOS technology. The measurements show that the bias voltage of each pixel is adjustable from 0 to 1.2 V with the step length of 80 mV and the maximum error is 10 mV. With the bias voltage control method, the performance difference of the detectors in the array is substantially reduced.
Inventory Management of Pharmaceuticals in Authorized Medical/Dental Allowance Lists (1991)

Pharmaceuticals stocked in Authorized Medical/Dental Allowance Lists (AMAL/ADAL) have an ongoing problem of expiration. Due to short shell-life, Prepositioned War Reserve (PWR) pharmaceuticals inventory require constant monitoring to maintain medical support readiness. The problem associated with pharmaceuticals is the high cost of replacement and disposal. Numerous expires drugs were found in AMALs as a result of inaccurate inventory procedures. Current practices of the Medical Logistics Company were investigated and research was conducted for solutions on the pharmaceutical inventory problem. Cost-benefit studies foe a stability program and a bar code system show potentially cost-effective measures to solve the shelf-life problem. The financial as well as the beneficial outcomes of increasing drug stability and implementing transactional inventory methods could help reduce the cost of shelf-life expiration.
Characterization of the osteoclast vacuolar H+-ATPase B-subunit (1995)

During bone resorption, osteoclasts acidify the extracellular bone resorbing compartment via a vacuolar H(+)-ATPase (V-ATPase), which resides in the ruffled-border membrane. In an effort to characterize the composition of the osteoclast V-ATPase catalytic domain, we have isolated a cDNA clone that encodes the V-ATPase B-subunit from a cDNA library constructed from highly purified chicken osteoclasts. Comparison of the predicted amino-acid sequence with the published sequences of isoforms of V-ATPase B-subunits from other sources revealed that the chicken osteoclast B-subunit is brain type and not kidney type. Furthermore, only clones encoding the brain type isoform of subunit B could be generated by PCR from a cDNA library prepared from human osteoclastoma osteoclast-like cells. Northern blot analysis revealed that two B-subunit mRNAs, approx. 1.7 and 3.5 kb in length, are expressed in chicken bone marrow mono-nuclear cells, brain and kidney, although the relative amounts of these two transcripts were different in each tissue. In brain, the 3.5-kb mRNA was predominantly expressed. In bone marrow cells, the levels of the 1.7-kb mRNA were higher than in other tissues and expression of this message was increased by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D-3, suggesting that this mRNA is specifically upregulated during osteoclast differentiation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Impedance Tympanometry and Acoustic Reflectometry at Myringotomy (1991)

A total of 220 ears undergoing myringotomy and pressure-equalizing tube placement were studied with impedance tympanometry and acoustic reflectometry in a direct comparison for detection of middle-ear effusion. Impedance tympanometry and acoustic reflectometry were equally accurate, detecting the presence or absence of middle-ear effusion in 73% and 72% of ears, respectively. The presence of effusion in ears with tympanographic patterns other than type A and type B was not consistently and reliably predicted. The higher sensitivity of impedance tympanometry (90%) compared with that for acoustic reflectometry (58%) contrasted with the opposite findings for specificities (54% vs 88%). It is concluded that impedance tympanometry and acoustic reflectometry measure different events at the tympanic membrane and their utility lies in the fact that they complement each other. These instruments can aid the experienced otoscopist in confirming a clinical impression and assist the less experienced clinician in validating or improving otoscopic skills.
Triacylglycerol and phospholipid hydrolysis in human plasma lipoproteins: role of lipoprotein and hepatic lipase (1992)

To explore the interactions of triacylglycerol and phospholipid hydrolysis in lipoprotein conversions and remodeling, we compared the activities of lipoprotein and hepatic lipases on human VLDL, IDL, LDL, and HDL2. Triacylglycerol and phospholipid hydrolysis by each enzyme were measured concomitantly in each lipoprotein class by measuring hydrolysis of [14C]triolein and [3H]dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine incorporated into each lipoprotein by lipid transfer processes. Hepatic lipase was 2-3 times more efficient than lipoprotein lipase at hydrolyzing phospholipid both in absolute terms and in relation to triacylglycerol hydrolysis in all lipoproteins. The relationship between phospholipid hydrolysis and triacylglycerol hydrolysis was generally linear until half of particle triacylglycerol was hydrolyzed. For either enzyme acting on a single lipoprotein fraction, the degree of phosphohydrolysis closely correlated with triacylglycerol hydrolysis and was largely independent of the kinetics of hydrolysis, suggesting that triacylglycerol removed from a lipoprotein core is an important determinant of phospholipid removal via hydrolysis by the lipase. Phospholipid hydrolysis relative to triacylglycerol hydrolysis was most efficient in VLDL followed in descending order by IDL, HDL, and LDL. Even with hepatic lipase, phospholipid hydrolysis could not deplete VLDL and IDL of sufficient phospholipid molecules to account for the loss of surface phospholipid that accompanies triacylglycerol hydrolysis and decreasing core volume as LDL is formed (or for conversion of HDL2 to HDL3). Thus, shedding of whole phospholipid molecules, presumably in liposomal-like particles, must be a major mechanism for losing excess surface lipid as large lipoprotein particles are converted to smaller particles. Also, this shedding phenomenon, like phospholipid hydrolysis, is closely related to the hydrolysis of lipoprotein triacylglycerol.
Comparison of the effects of the K<sup>+</sup>‐channel openers cromakalim and minoxidil sulphate on vascular smooth muscle (1991)

1 The actions of the potassium channel openers, cromakalim and minoxidil sulphate, were compared in a range of isolated blood vessel preparations. 2 Cromakalim and minoxidil sulphate inhibited spontaneous mechanical activity of the guinea-pig portal vein and relaxed the noradrenaline precontracted rat aorta with similar potency. In contrast, minoxidil sulphate was less potent than cromakalim in inhibiting spontaneous activity in the rat portal vein and was essentially inactive in the noradrenaline precontracted rat mesenteric artery and rabbit aorta. 3 Minoxidil sulphate did not antagonize the effects of cromakalim in the rabbit aorta indicating it was not acting as a partial 'agonist'. 4 Charybdotoxin, noxiustoxin and rubidium failed to discriminate between cromakalim and minoxidil sulphate indicating that the apparently selective effects of minoxidil sulphate were not mediated by either Ca(2+)-activated potassium channels, delayed rectifiers or rubidium impermeable potassium channels. 5 Glibenclamide antagonized the effects of cromakalim in an apparently competitive manner whereas the effects of minoxidil sulphate were antagonized in a non-competitive manner. The involvement of subtypes of ATP-sensitive potassium channels is discussed.
Frequent inactivation of SPARC by promoter hypermethylation in colon cancers (2007)

Epigenetic modification of gene expression plays an important role in the development of human cancers. The inactivation of SPARC through CpG island methylation was studied in colon cancers using oligonucleotide microarray analysis and methylation specific PCR (MSP). Gene expression of 7 colon cancer cell lines was evaluated before and after treatment with the demethylating agent 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5Aza-dC) by oligonucleotide microarray analysis. Expression of SPARC was further examined in colon cancer cell lines and primary colorectal cancers, and the methylation status of the SPARC promoter was determined by MSP. SPARC expression was undetectable in 5 of 7 (71%) colorectal cancer cell lines. Induction of SPARC was demonstrated after treatment with the demethylating agent 5Aza-dC in 5 of the 7 cell lines. We examined the methylation status of the CpG island of SPARC in 7 colon cancer cell lines and in 20 test set of colon cancer tissues. MSP demonstrated hypermethylation of the CpG island of SPARC in 6 of 7 cell lines and in all 20 primary colon cancers, when compared with only 3 of 20 normal colon mucosa. Immunohistochemical analysis showed that SPARC expression was downregulated or absent in 17 of 20 colon cancers. A survival analysis of 292 validation set of colorectal carcinoma patients revealed a poorer prognosis for patients lacking SPARC expression than for patients with normal SPARC expression (56.79% vs. 75.83% 5-year survival rate, p = 0.0014). The results indicate that epigenetic gene silencing of SPARC is frequent in colon cancers, and that inactivation of SPARC is related to rapid progression of colon cancers.
EVIDENCE FOR THE PRESENCE OF D2 AND 5-HT2 RECEPTORS IN THE HUMAN PREFRONTAL CORTEX (1982)

The D2 receptor and two distinct affinity 5-HT2 receptors in the human prefrontal cortex were labeled with 3H-spiperone. In the Scatchard analysis of stereoselective binding defined by (+)- and (-)-butaclamol, two high affinity binding sites were clearly demonstrated. Apparent KD values of these higher and lower affinity sites determined in this manner were 0.028 and 0.64 nM, respectively. However, drug displacement studies of 3H-spiperone binding at these sites, using different concentrations of 3H-spiperone (0.05 nM for higher affinity sites and 0.5 nM for lower affinity sites), indicated that 70-80% of the higher affinity sites and almost all of the lower affinity sites showed characteristics of the 5-HT2 receptor and that 20-30% of the higher affinity sites showed characteristics of the D2 dopamine receptor. An additional saturation experiment related to the specific binding of 3H-spiperone to 5-HT2 receptors confirmed the existence of two distinct populations of 5-HT2 receptors that had different affinities for spiperone. Apparent KD values for higher and lower affinity 5-HT2 receptors were 0.091 and 1.27 nM, respectively. As the D2 receptor is a possible site of antipsychotic action of neuroleptics, these receptors, especially the D2 receptor in the human prefrontal cortex, seem to play an important role in psychotic disorders.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Thiazolopyrazine-Incorporated Tetracyclic Quinolone Antibacterials (1994)

A novel series of 8-substituted-9,1-[(N-methylimino)methano]- 7-fluoro-5-oxo-5H-thiazolo[3,2-alpha]-quinoline-4-carboxylic acids 5a-q having a unique thiazolopyrazine-incorporated tetracyclic structure were synthesized, and the in vitro and in vivo activities were determined against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. All compounds 5a-q had more potent activity than ofloxacin (6), which is one of the most popular quinolones, against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The 8-pyrrolidinyl, 5a-e, and 8-morpholino, 5p, derivatives showed the most potent activity against Gram-positive bacteria. It is also significant that these compounds, 5a-q, showed more potent antibacterial activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolates (MRSA) than ofloxacin (6). The combination of the morpholino group and this unique tetracyclic thiazolopyrazine skeleton contributes to the enhancement of the antibacterial activity against MRSA isolates. The in vivo antibacterial activities of these compounds, 5a-q, were limited and depended on the structure of the 8-substituent. The 8-(4-alkyl-1-piperazinyl) derivatives 5g, 5h, 5j, and 5n provided good oral efficacy and exhibited more potent activity than ofloxacin (6) against the systematic infection with S. aureus IID 803 in mice.
Granger-causal Attentive Mixtures of Experts. (2018)

Several methods have recently been proposed to detect salient input features for outputs of neural networks. Those methods offer a qualitative glimpse at feature importance, but they fall short of providing quantifiable attributions that can be compared across decisions and measures of the expected quality of their explanations. To address these shortcomings, we present an attentive mixture of experts (AME) that couples attentive gating with a Granger-causal objective to jointly produce accurate predictions as well as measures of feature importance. We demonstrate the utility of AMEs by determining factors driving demand for medical prescriptions, comparing predictive features for Parkinson's disease and pinpointing discriminatory genes across cancer types.
Coupled clustering ensemble: Incorporating coupling relationships both between base clusterings and objects (2013)

Clustering ensemble is a powerful approach for improving the accuracy and stability of individual (base) clustering algorithms. Most of the existing clustering ensemble methods obtain the final solutions by assuming that base clusterings perform independently with one another and all objects are independent too. However, in real-world data sources, objects are more or less associated in terms of certain coupling relationships. Base clusterings trained on the source data are complementary to one another since each of them may only capture some specific rather than full picture of the data. In this paper, we discuss the problem of explicating the dependency between base clusterings and between objects in clustering ensembles, and propose a framework for coupled clustering ensembles (CCE). CCE not only considers but also integrates the coupling relationships between base clusterings and between objects. Specifically, we involve both the intra-coupling within one base clustering (i.e., cluster label frequency distribution) and the inter-coupling between different base clusterings (i.e., cluster label co-occurrence dependency). Furthermore, we engage both the intra-coupling between two objects in terms of the base clustering aggregation and the inter-coupling among other objects in terms of neighborhood relationship. This is the first work which explicitly addresses the dependency between base clusterings and between objects, verified by the application of such couplings in three types of consensus functions: clustering-based, object-based and cluster-based. Substantial experiments on synthetic and UCI data sets demonstrate that the CCE framework can effectively capture the interactions embedded in base clusterings and objects with higher clustering accuracy and stability compared to several state-of-the-art techniques, which is also supported by statistical analysis.
Water vapor and oxygen permeability of wax films (1993)

Abstract The water vapor (WVP) and oxygen (O 2 P) permeabilities of beeswax (BW), candelilla wax (CnW), carnauba wax (CrW) and microcrystalline wax (MW), formed as freestanding films, were determined. CnW and CrW both had small values for O 2 P (0.29 and 0.26 g·m −1 ·sec −1 ·Pa −1 × 10 −14 , respectively), which are less than half the value for high‐density polyethylene and about a decade greater than the value for polyethylene terephthalate. O 2 P values for BW and MW were about 6−9× greater than those of CnW and CrW. WVP of CnW was 0.18 g·m −1 ·sec −1 ·Pa −1 × 10 −12 , which is about one‐half the value for CrW and MW and about one‐third the value for BW. The WVP of CnW was somewhat less than that of polypropylene and somewhat greater than that of high‐density polyethylene. Differences in permeabilities among the wax films are attributed mainly to differences in chemical composition and crystal type as determined by X‐ray diffraction.
Cyclic meso-ionic compounds. Part 17. Synthesis, spectroscopic properties, and chemistry of 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolium-5-aminides and 1,2,3,4-tetrazolium-5-olates (1979)

Derivatives of the isomeric meso-ionic 1,2,3,4-oxatriazolium-5-aminides (3) and 1,2,3,4-tetrazolium-5-olates (4) have been prepared and characterised and their interconversion (3 → 4) has been examined. 3-Phenyl-1,2,3,4-oxatriazolium-5-anilide (3a) undergoes a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition with p-chlorophenyl isocyanate. The 1,2,3,4-tetrazolium-5-olates (4) form tetrafluoroborate salts when treated with triethyloxonium tetrafluoroborate.
Molecular and immunological characterization of group V allergen isoforms from velvet grass pollen (<i>Holcus lanatus</i>) (1998)

Group V grass pollen allergens belong to the major grass pollen allergens causing reactions of type I allergy. cDNAs coding for two isoforms of the group V allergen of velvet grass pollen (Holcus lanatus), a widespread grass species, were isolated from a cDNA library by hybridization with a 5'-terminal reverse-transcribed PCR-derived cDNA probe. Amino acid sequences of the two isoforms, designated rHol l 5.01 and rHol l 5.02, revealed high similarity between them (78% identity) and to group V allergens and their isoforms found in other grass species. Recombinant Hol l 5 isoforms were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified as fusion proteins. To compare their immunological reactivities with group-V-specific monoclonal antibodies and patients' IgE, immunoblotting, ELISA and histamine release assay were performed. Interestingly, monoclonal antibody Bo9, specific for group Vb isoforms of timothy grass, bound only to isoform rHol l 5.01, not to rHol l 5.02. On the other side, IgE reactivities of patients' sera revealed no differences between the two isoforms when investigated by immunoblotting and only slight differences when investigated by ELISA. In histamine release assay both isoforms released comparable amounts of histamine from basophils of four individual patients. Thus, the two group V isoforms of velvet grass pollen exhibit differential binding when tested with monoclonal antibodies, i.e. different structure of single epitopes, but negligible differences concerning overall IgE-binding capacity and histamine-releasing capacity.