gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neovastat—a novel antiangiogenic drug for cancer therapy (2003)

Neovastat (AE-941) is an antiangiogenic drug isolated from marine cartilage. It interferes with several steps associated with the development of angiogenesis through its ability to induce endothelial cell apoptosis, and to inhibit matrix metalloproteinase activities and vascular endothelial growth factor-mediated signaling pathways, suggesting that Neovastat behaves as a multifunctional antiangiogenic drug. Neovastat is orally bioavailable, and shows significant antitumor and antimetastatic properties in animal models. An excellent safety profile with few side effects has been monitored in more than 800 patients who have been exposed to Neovastat, some of whom for more than 4 years. This indicates that Neovastat is suitable for long-term use, either alone or in combination with other anticancer therapies. Accordingly, Neovastat is currently under evaluation in three pivotal clinical studies with two phase III clinical trials in patients with lung and renal carcinoma, and a phase II clinical trial in patients with multiple myeloma is ongoing.
Planarization of dielectric layers for multilevel metallization (1988)

A process to planarize low-pressure chemical-vapor deposition (LPCVD) SiO/sub 2/ films formed over the abrupt topography of fine-line (2.0- mu m pitch) integrated circuits with two levels of metallization and pillar interconnections has been developed with sacrificial photoresist and plasma etching using response-surface methodology. To produce flat dielectric surfaces with this topography, the ratio of the measured etch rate of photoresist to that of phosphorus-doped SiO/sub 2/ must be maintained at approximately 0.4 (3800 and 9100 AA/min, respectively) with an Ar/CF/sub 4//O/sub 2/ high pressure plasma generated in a low radio-frequency etching system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Submicron Sized Nb Doped Lithium Garnet for High Ionic Conductivity Solid Electrolyte and Performance of All Solid-State Lithium Battery (2019)

The garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (LLZO) has been widely investigated because of its high conductivity, wide electrochemical window and chemical stability to lithium metal. However, the usual preparation process of LLZO requires a long time of high-temperature sintering and a lot of mother powders against the lithium evaporation. The submicron Li6.6La3Zr1.6Nb0.4O12 (LLZNO) powders are prepared by conventional solid-state reaction method and attrition milling process, which are stable cubic phase and have high sintering activity, and Li stoichiometric LLZNO ceramics are obtained by sintering at a relative lower temperature or for a short time by using these powders which are difficult to control under high sintering temperature and long sintering time. The particle size distribution, phase structure, microstructure, distribution of element, total ionic conductivity, relative density and activation energy of submicron LLZNO powders and LLZNO ceramics are tested and analyzed by laser diffraction particle size analyzer, XRD, SEM, EIS and Archimedean method. The total ionic conductivity of sample sintered at 1200 &deg;C for 30 min is 5.09 &times; 10-4 S&middot;cm-1, the activation energy is 0.311 eV, and the relative density is 87.3%, and sintered at 1150 &deg;C for 60 min total ionic conductivity is 3.49 &times; 10-4 S&middot;cm-1, the activation energy is 0.316 eV, and the relative density is 90.4%. At the same time, all-solid-state batteries are assembled with LiMn2O4 as positive electrode and submicron LLZNO powders as solid state electrolyte. After 50 cycles, the discharge specific capacity is 105.5 mAh/g and the columbic efficiency is above 95%.
L-Selectin Facilitation of Metastasis Involves Temporal Induction of<i>Fut7</i>-Dependent Ligands at Sites of Tumor Cell Arrest (2006)

Hematogenous carcinoma metastasis is supported by aggregated platelets and leukocytes, forming tumor cell emboli. Early tumor cell-platelet interactions can be mediated by P-selectin binding to tumor cell surface ligands and this process is blocked by heparin. We previously showed that L-selectin deficiency also attenuates experimental metastasis. However, the mechanisms and timing of L-selectin action remained unknown. Here, we study how L-selectin facilitates establishment of pulmonary metastatic foci in syngeneic mice by using experimental metastasis to time events following entry of tumor cells into the bloodstream. Although L-selectin deficiency did not affect platelet aggregation or initial tumor cell embolization, the association of leukocytes with tumor cells was reduced and tumor cell survival was diminished 24 hours later. Temporal inhibition of L-selectin by a function-blocking antibody reduced metastasis. Moreover, although selectin blockade by heparin 6 to 18 hours after tumor cell injection was synergistic with P-selectin deficiency in reducing metastasis, there was no further effect in L-selectin-deficient animals. Thus, heparin apparently works at these time points primarily by blocking L-selectin. Endogenous L-selectin ligands were concomitantly induced adjacent to established intravascular tumor cell emboli in a similar time window when leukocytes were also present. Metastasis was attenuated in mice missing these induced endogenous L-selectin ligands due to fucosyltransferase-7 deficiency. Thus, L-selectin facilitation of metastasis progression involves leukocyte-endothelial interactions at sites of intravascular arrest supported by local induction of L-selectin ligands via fucosyltransferase-7. These data provide the first explanation for how leukocyte L-selectin facilitates tumor metastasis.
HIV and SARS-CoV-2 co-infection: The diagnostic challenges of dual pandemics (2020)

The first critically ill patient admitted to our hospital in Cape Town, South Africa, during the COVID-19 pandemic was co-infected with HIV and SARS-CoV-2. Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) and other respiratory opportunistic infections share many clinical features with severe COVID-19. Our understanding of the nuances of co-management of HIV and COVID-19 is evolving. We describe the diagnostic and therapeutic challenges presented by this case.
Effect ofmts1 (S100A4) expression on the progression of human breast cancer cells (1996)

The mts1 (S100A4) gene, encoding a Ca(2+)-binding protein of the S-100 subfamily, is involved in the control of tumor metastasis in some murine tumor cell lines. To further analyze its role, we transfected hormone-responsive human breast cancer MCF-7 cells with the mts1 gene under the control of a strong constitutive promoter. All of the 3 tested clones (MCF-7/mts1) producing Mts1 protein acquired an ability for hormone-independent growth in nude mice. Tumors derived from mts1 transfectants revealed local invasiveness into surrounding muscle and adipose tissues and metastasized to regional lymph nodes and lungs, characteristics which are rarely observed with parental MCF-7 cells. Electron-microscopic analysis of MCF-7/mts1 cells demonstrated structural changes in anchoring junctions, particularly in intermediate filament attachment site (desmosomes). The mts1-transfected clones expressed estrogen receptor, and their growth in tissue culture was both estrogen- and anti-estrogen responsive. Changes in regulation of the estrogen-dependent proteins progesterone receptor and cathepsin D were observed in some of the transfected clones. Our results indicate that mts1 expression in human breast cancer cells induces several changes characteristic of malignant phenotype and tumor progression.
Strong antimicrobial activity of<i>Lactobacillus rhamnosus</i>GG against<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>is due to accumulation of lactic acid (2006)

Spent culture supernatant (SCS) of the probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG had been reported to exert antibacterial activity against Salmonella typhimurium. However, the chemical identity of the antimicrobial compound(s) responsible remained unknown. A survey of the antimicrobial compounds produced by L. rhamnosus GG was performed. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG produced a low-molecular weight, heat-stable, non-proteinaceous bactericidal substance, active at acidic pH against a wide range of bacterial species. SCS of L. rhamnosus GG grown in MRS medium contained five compounds that could meet the above description, if present at the appropriate concentration. Based on different experimental approaches, it could be concluded that under the growth conditions tested, the strong antimicrobial activity of L. rhamnosus GG against Salmonella was mediated by lactic acid.
p53 Oligomerization Is Essential for Its C-terminal Lysine Acetylation (2008)

Acetylation of multiple lysine residues in the p53 plays critical roles in the protein stability and transcriptional activity of p53. To better understand how p53 acetylation is regulated, we generated a number of p53 mutants and examined acetylation of each mutant in transfected cells. We found that p53 mutants that are defective in tetramer formation are also defective in C-terminal lysine residue acetylation. Consistently, we found that several cancer-derived p53 mutants that bear mutations in the tetramerization domain cannot form oligomers and are defective in C-terminal lysine acetylation, and these mutants are inactive in p21 transactivation. We demonstrated that the acetyltransferase p300 interacts with and promotes acetylation of wild-type p53 but not with any of the artificially generated or human cancer-derived p53 mutants that are defective in oligomerization. These results, combined with a computer-aided crystal structure analysis, suggest a model in which p53 oligomerization precedes its acetylation by providing docking sites for acetyltransferases.
A Low-Power HKMG CMOS Platform Compatible With Dram Node 2× and Beyond (2014)

In this paper, a low-cost and low-leakage gate-first high-k metal-gate CMOS integration compatible with the high thermal budget used in a 2× node dynamic random access memory process flow is reported. The metal inserted polysilicon stack is based on HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> coupled with Al <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> capping for pMOS devices, and with a TiN/Mg/TiN stack together with As ion implantation for nMOS. It is demonstrated that n and pMOS performance of 400 and 200 μA/μm can be obtained for an OFF-state current of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-10</sup> A/μm, while maintaining gate and junction leakages compatible with low-power applications. Reliability and matching properties are aligned with logic gate-stacks, and the proposed solution is outperforming the La-cap-based solutions in terms of thermal stability.
Direct Distance Measurement (1978)

The measurement of distance is one of the fundamental operations in engineering surveying and the methods involved are divided into two categories, direct and indirect.
Polarization-Sensitive Hyperspectral Imaging in vivo: A Multimode Dermoscope for Skin Analysis (2014)

Attempts to understand the changes in the structure and physiology of human skin abnormalities by non-invasive optical imaging are aided by spectroscopic methods that quantify, at the molecular level, variations in tissue oxygenation and melanin distribution. However, current commercial and research systems to map hemoglobin and melanin do not correlate well with pathology for pigmented lesions or darker skin. We developed a multimode dermoscope that combines polarization and hyperspectral imaging with an efficient analytical model to map the distribution of specific skin bio-molecules. This corrects for the melanin-hemoglobin misestimation common to other systems, without resorting to complex and computationally intensive tissue optical models. For this system's proof of concept, human skin measurements on melanocytic nevus, vitiligo, and venous occlusion conditions were performed in volunteers. The resulting molecular distribution maps matched physiological and anatomical expectations, confirming a technologic approach that can be applied to next generation dermoscopes and having biological plausibility that is likely to appeal to dermatologists.
The "What If?" machine (2013)

Which models of Beyond Standard Model (BSM) physics do physicists “prefer” and why? How do these opinions change over time, especially in the light of the LHC results? These were the questions asked and answered by philosopher Arianna Borrelli at her recent presentation: “A philosophical experiment: empirical study of knowledge production at the LHC”. Image: Arianna Borrelli's presentation. Physicist-turned-philosopher Arianna Borrelli set out to examine the interplay of theory and experiment at CERN, and how developments in science influence changes in physicists’ opinions. Instead of relying on data taken “after the fact”, Arianna made use of the LHC’s first run to live-monitor physicists at work at CERN. She began in 2011, conducting interviews with CERN theorists and experimentalists, both in person and using a targeted online survey. Then, one year later, she did it all again - only this time, it was after the news of the Higgs-like particle discovery. The preliminary results of this research were presented, for the first time, at a CERN colloquium on 14 February. In the audience were the primary source: the CERN physicists involved in both the study and the research that affected the study. Arianna’s in-person interviews were held with well-known experimentalists and theorists, including Fabiola Gianotti, Guido Tonelli, John Ellis and Michelangelo Mangano. Among the experimentalists she spoke to, she found there was a preference to remain “unbiased” toward different physics models, and that they had a strong appreciation for model-independent searches. And while theorists did discuss their preferences for certain models, they seemed to consider them as “exploratory tools rather than serious candidates”. Meanwhile, the online survey looked at the views of the wider high-energy physics community. The first survey had over 1400 respondents, and there were over 900 in the second. While Arianna highlighted that this survey was not “statistically significant” (and that no one quite knew what a “statistically relevant” group of high-energy physicists would look like), the results of the survey did present a “qualitative picture of opinions”. Arianna’s preliminary conclusions showed that while the discovery of the Higgs-like particle does seem to have eroded the general belief in certain BSM-models, the respondents remained strongly motivated to invest resources in the search for new physics. For further results from the study, including a look at how theorists and experimentalists view each other, see Arianna’s full presentation, available here.
Bootstrapping Timed Efficient Stream Loss-Tolerant Authentication (TESLA) (2006)

TESLA, the Timed Efficient Stream Loss-tolerant Authentication protocol, provides source authentication in multicast scenarios.TESLA is an efficient protocol with low communication and computation overhead that scales to large numbers of receivers and also tolerates packet loss.TESLA is based on loose time synchronization between the sender and the receivers.Source authentication is realized in TESLA by using Message Authentication Code (MAC) chaining.The use of TESLA within the Secure Real-time Transport Protocol (SRTP) has been published, targeting multicast authentication in scenarios where SRTP is applied to protect the multimedia data.This solution assumes that TESLA parameters are made available by out-of-band mechanisms.This document specifies payloads for the Multimedia Internet Keying (MIKEY) protocol for bootstrapping TESLA for source authentication of secure group communications using SRTP.TESLA may be bootstrapped using one of the MIKEY key management approaches, e.g., by using a digitally signed MIKEY message sent via unicast, multicast, or broadcast.
原子质心运动的量子效应对光场量子噪声压缩的影响 (2002)

摘要 考虑JaynesCummings模型中与光场相互作用的原子为超冷原子,讨论了原子质心运动的量子效应对光场两正交分量量子噪声压缩的影响,结果表明,在JaynesCummings模型中,原子质心运动的量子效应增加光场两正交分量的量子噪声,使其压缩效应消失 关键词: 超冷原子 / 质心运动的量子效应 / 光场量子噪声压缩 Abstract Keywords: / / 作者及机构信息 熊锦1, 牛中奇2, 张智明1 (1)上海交通大学物理系,上海200240; (2)西安电子科技大学电子工程学院,西安710071; 基金项目: 国家自然科学基金 (批准号 :10 0 740 46,60 1780 0 1)资助课题~~ Authors and contacts Xiong Jin1, Niu Zhong-Qi2, Zhang Zhi-Ming1 (1)上海交通大学物理系,上海200240; (2)西安电子科技大学电子工程学院,西安710071; 参考文献 施引文献
Blacksheep: a Tool for Kernel Rootkit Detection, based on Physical Memory Crowdsourced Analysis (2012)

Detecting rootkit infestations is a complicated security problem faced by modern organizations.\nMany possible solutions to this have been proposed in the last decade, but various drawbacks prevent these approaches from being ideal solutions.\n\nIn this thesis, we present blacksheep a detection tool for utilizing a crowd of similar machines to detect rootkit infestations.\nIn particular we focus on kernel rootkits infecting the Windows operating system.\n\nWe propose a novel technique to detect kernel rootkits based on the analysis of physical memory dumps acquired from a set of machines.\nThese memory dumps are compared with each others and the results of these comparisons are used to classify them in infected and non-infected.\n\nThree different comparisons are performed: code comparison, kernel entry point comparison and data comparison.\nTheir results are used by two different analyses: a trained classification and an untrained classification.\nThe trained classifier relies on a set of memory dumps manually flagged as having been acquired from machines in a non-infected state.\nThe goal of this analysis is to classify a set of memory dumps as having come from infected or non-infected machines.\nThe untrained classifier generates a hierarchy of clusters of memory dumps based on their similarity.\nThe aim of this analysis is to separate the analyzed memory dumps into subsets based on the state of the machines which they have been taken from.\n\nAs part of our investigation into Windows kernel rootkits, much research was needed to be done in two main areas:\nthe internals of the Windows kernel itself and the methods to acquire and analyze dumps of the physical memory and copies of the swap area.\nPart of our contribution is the summary of these researches.\n\nWe have tested blacksheep on two sets of memory dumps acquired from differently configured machines infected with eight different rootkits.\nSome of the analyses performed by blacksheep achieve a 100% detection rate, with no false positives in both sets.\nOthers are able to give interesting information about the behaviors of the analyzed rootkits.
Rewiring a receptor: negative output from positive input (1998)

A point mutation or covalent modification in bacterial chemotaxis receptors causes bacteria to be repelled by attractants, and attracted to repellents. The variety of conditions causing inverse responses suggest that the signal transduction mechanism in receptors can be readily rewired to elicit inverse responses. A model is presented in which the orientation of a critical residue with respect to an active site determines whether the receptor produces normal or inverted signals. The model is consistent with observed responses and can be generalized to include receptors in other signal transduction systems.
Soot particle disintegration and detection by two-laser excimer laser fragmentation fluorescence spectroscopy (2005)

A two-laser technique is used to study laser-particle interactions and the disintegration of soot by high-power UV light. Two separate 20 ns laser pulses irradiate combustion-generated soot nanoparticles with 193 nm photons. The first laser pulse, from 0 to 14.7 J/cm2, photofragments the soot particles and electronically excites the liberated carbon atoms. The second laser pulse, held constant at 13 J/cm2, irradiates the remaining particle fragments and other products of the first laser pulse. The atomic carbon fluorescence at 248 nm produced by the first laser pulse increases linearly with laser fluence from 1 to 6 J/cm2. At higher fluences the signal from atomic carbon saturates. The carbon fluorescence from the second laser pulse decreases as the fluence from the first laser increases, suggesting that the particles fully disintegrate at high laser fluences. We use an energy balance parameter, called the photon/atom ratio, to aid in understanding laser-particle interactions. These results help define the regimes where photofragmentation fluorescence methods quantitatively measure total soot concentrations.
Nicotine Enhances 1‐Methyl‐4‐Phenyl‐1,2,3,6‐Tetrahydropyridine Neurotoxicity (1992)

Epidemiologic evidence of an inverse relationship between cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease suggests that a component of cigarette smoke protects against nigrostriatal degeneration. Nicotine, a major component of cigarette smoke, is similar in chemical structure to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) and is metabolized in part by the same enzymes that detoxify MPTP. We investigated the effect of chronic nicotine on MPTP neurotoxicity in two strains of mice and found that nicotine increases rather than decreases MPTP toxicity. These results are not compatible with the hypothesis that nicotine is that component of cigarette smoke that protects against nigrostriatal degeneration, at least in the MPTP experimental model of Parkinson's disease.
Automated reasoning for multi-step feature model configuration problems (2009)

The increasing complexity and cost of software-intensive systems has led developers to seek ways of increasing software reusability. One software reuse approach is to develop a Software Product-line (SPL), which is a reconfigurable software architecture that can be reused across projects. Creating configurations of the SPL that meets arbitrary requirements is hard.Existing research has focused on techniques that produce a configuration of the SPL in a single step. This paper provides three contributions to the study of multi-step configuration for SPLs. First, we present a formal model of multi-step SPL configuration and map this model to constraint satisfaction problems (CSPs). Second, we show how solutions to these CSP configuration problem CSPs can be derived automatically with a constraint solver. Third, we present empirical results demonstrating that our CSP-based technique can solve multi-step configuration problems involving hundreds of features in seconds.
Intelligent control of power wheelchairs (1995)

Power wheelchair controllers become more sophisticated as motor control and human/machine interaction research progresses. The result of this increasing sophistication is that more people are provided with independent mobility. The challenge for engineering is to provide safe and effective mobility in a dynamic environment. Fortunately, many of the control methods outlined in here make that goal attainable. Tuneable controllers have had a significant impact, but they only allude to the possibilities for improved mobility. Shared control proves promising for expanding the number and variety of power wheelchair users. Integrated control will increase the independence of power wheelchair users in all realms of assistive technology. Fault-tolerant control can guide one towards safer and more reliable power wheelchairs. Fault-tolerant controllers may also be a cost effective solution to many electromagnetic interference related issues. Through thoughtful research and design, power wheelchair control will progress along safe and effective pathways towards providing users independent and self-guided mobility.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>