gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
肝障害時の血中インスリン動態に関する研究 第1編 肝疾患時の糖負荷後血中高インスリン反応の機序 (1985)

Glucose intolerance and insulin hyperreaction after oral glucose loading have been reported in various liver diseases. Pancreatic hypersecretion and decreased hepatic degradation of insulin have been pointed out as explanation of the high peripheral insulin levels. To clarify the effects of and correlation between these two factors in various stages of liver diseases, serum immunoreactive insulin (IRI), connecting peptide immunoreactivity (CPR) and blood glucose (BG) were determined after 50-g oral glucose tolerance tests. In the acute stage of acute hepatitis, ΣCPR, ΣCPR/ΣBG and ΣIRI/ΣCPR were high, suggesting that both increased secretion and decreased degradation of insulin were responsible for the high peripheral insulin levels. In the convalescent stage, ΣCPR, ΣCPR/ΣBG and ΣIRI/ΣCPR were normal. In chronic hepatitis, increased ΣCPR and normal ΣCPR/ΣBG were observed. ΣIRI/ΣCPR was low in chronic persistent hepatitis, but high in chronic aggressive hepatitis. Thus, in chronic persistent hepatitis, hypersecretion of insulin to compensate for the elevated blood glucose was induced and insulin degradation did not decrease, so that normal peripheral insulin levels were maintained. In chronic aggressive hepatitis, increased secretion and decreased degradation of insulin were responsible for the higher peripheral insulin levels. In compensated liver cirrhosis, ΣCPR and ΣCPR/ΣBG were high, but ΣIRI/ΣCPR was normal. In the decompensated state, ΣCPR was high, ΣCPR/ΣBG normal and ΣIRI/ΣCPR high, suggesting that increased insulin secretion was the major cause of the high peripheral insulin levels in compensated liver cirrhosis. In the decompensated state, both increased secretion and decreased degradation of insulin were responsible for the high peripheral insulin levels. These data indicate that insulin secretion from the pancreas and insulin degradation in the liver are influenced by the stage of the liver disease.
Money and the Internet: a strange new relationship (1997)

Electronic wallets, Internet-driven mail and electronic cash, credit cards that are debit cards capable of being refilled with electronic money that is spendable like pocket change, banks that not only have no branches but exist solely in cyberspace...indeed, we are entering a strange new world. Discount brokers want you to power up your computer, access your portfolio and trade your stocks-all electronically. Brokerage houses want to be your banker and banks want to be your broker. The author sees the electronic money revolution as inevitable, with "e-mail for money" becoming as ubiquitous in the future as e-mail messages are already today.
Ultrasonic In Vivo Measurement of Ocular Surface Expansion (2010)

Our aim was to ascertain whether the ultrasonic measurement of longitudinal corneal apex displacements carried out in a proper headrest is a credible method of ocular pulse (OP) detection. To distinguish between longitudinal movements of the eye globe treated as a rigid body and ocular surface expansion caused by the variations of the eye-globe volume, two ultrasound distance sensors were applied to noninvasively measure displacements of cornea and sclera. The same sensors were used to examine the influence of the anterio-posterior movements of a fixed head on the registration of corneal apex pulsation. In both experiments, ECG signals were synchronically recorded. Time, spectral, and coherence analyses obtained for four healthy subjects showed that the ocular surface expansion due to pulsatile ocular blood flow (POBF) is the main component of longitudinal corneal displacement. Ocular surface pulsation is always affected by the head movement. However, there exist some unique properties of signals, which help to distinguish between head and eye movements. A rigid headrest and a bite bar are required to stabilize the head during OP measurement. Ultrasonic technique enables noninvasive and accurate in vivo measurement of corneal pulsation, which could be of interest for indirectly estimating intraocular pressure propagation and POBF component.
GRANNIE 2: A Ubiquitous, Protean Robotic Guardian Angel (2007)

GRANNIE 2 is the latest iteration of the author's artificial intelligence-enhanced robot control system. Early versions provided a biologically inspired, object oriented, open systems, multiprocessor network to support android or simian robots. Later extensions assisted with research into human growth and development, simulated hormone action and drug responses, and served as a user-friendly interface for medical devices for patients. The current system is being developed as an intelligent agent to monitor persons via communications networks and assist with their activities of daily living, via any available machine-controllable resources.
A Survey on Long-Range Attacks for Proof of Stake Protocols (2019)

Despite common arguments about the prevalence of blockchain technology, in terms of security, privacy, and immutability, in reality, several attacks can be launched against them. This paper provides a systematic literature review on long-range attacks for proof of stake protocols. If successful, these attacks may take over the main chain and partially, or even completely, rewrite the history of transactions that are stored in the blockchain. To this end, we describe how proof of stake protocols work, their fundamental properties, their drawbacks, and their attack surface. After presenting long-range attacks, we discuss possible countermeasures and their applicability.
Dietary lutein modulates inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene and protein expression in mouse macrophage cells (RAW 264.7) (2007)

Lutein is an oxycarotenoid primarily found in dark-green leafy vegetables such as spinach and kale. Other dietary sources which contain moderate amounts of lutein include corn, egg yolks, and fruits like oranges and kiwi. Although a number of in vivo studies have demonstrated the anti-inflammatory effect of lutein, its in vitro anti-inflammatory molecular mechanism of action is unknown. In this study, we have investigated the in vitro anti-inflammatory effect of lutein using LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line (RAW 264.7). The inhibition of LPS-stimulated nitric oxide (NO) was measured and the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) was assessed at the mRNA and protein levels in mouse macrophage cells after treatment with lutein. Lutein decreased the LPS-induced NO production by 50% compared to LPS alone. Real-time PCR analysis showed a 1.9-fold reduction in iNOS expression at the mRNA level. Western blotting revealed that lutein decreased LPS-induced iNOS expression at the protein level by 72.5%. The results of this study suggest the anti-inflammatory properties of lutein demonstrated by the decrease in the expression of iNOS at the mRNA and protein levels in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophage cells.
PAN based quasi carbon whiskers reinforced PI polyblends: Microhardness, mechanical, hydraulic, and morphological study (2008)

Abstract Polyimide (PI)/Polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polyblend films were prepared using solution cast technique by spin coating unit. PAN was incorporated within the PI matrix in different concentration i.e. 10 −3 , 10 −2 , 10 −1 , and 1 wt% to prepare polyblend films. The PI polyblend film incorporated with 10 −1 wt% PAN and cured at 330°C produces well defined quasi carbon whiskers within the PI matrix. Evidence of the orientation of these carbon whiskers was indicated by optical microscopy and AFM. The improved microhardness, mechanical performance, and hydraulic resistivity of 10 −1 wt% PI/PAN polyblend film was observed and attributed to the orientation of these partially carbonized whiskers within PI matrix. The overall property decreases with increasing the concentration of PAN over 10 −1 wt%. The incorporation of ultra low concentration of PAN within the PI provides means of achieving excellent combination of microhardness, mechanical, and hydraulic resistance with improved morphology. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2008. © 2008 Society of Plastics Engineers
Sketch and run (2009)

Numerous robots have been developed, and some of them are already being used in homes, institutions, and workplaces. Despite the development of useful robot functions, the focus so far has not been on user interfaces of robots. General users of robots find it hard to understand what the robots are doing and what kind of work they can do. This paper presents an interface for the commanding home robots by using stroke gestures on a computer screen. This interface allows the user to control robots and design their behaviors by sketching the robot's behaviors and actions on a top-down view from ceiling cameras. To convey a feeling of directly controlling the robots, our interface employs the live camera view. In this study, we focused on a house-cleaning task that is typical of home robots, and developed a sketch interface for designing behaviors of vacuuming robots.
Synthesis, Relaxometric and Photophysical Properties of a New pH-Responsive MRI Contrast Agent:  The Effect of Other Ligating Groups on Dissociation of a <i>p</i>-Nitrophenolic Pendant Arm (2004)

Two gadolinium(III) chelates, GdNP-DO3A (1-methlyene-(p-NitroPhenol)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacycloDOdecane-4,7,10-triAcetate) and GdNP-DO3AM (1-methlyene(p-NitroPhenol)-1,4,7,10-tetraazacycloDOdecane-4,7,10-triacetAMide), containing a single nitrophenolic pendant arm plus either three acetate or three amide pendant arms were synthesized and characterized. The properties of the gadolinium, terbium, and dysprosium complexes of these ligands were examined as a function of pH. The extent and mechanism of the changes in water relaxivity with pH of each gadolinium complex was found to differ substantially for the two complexes. The water relaxivity of Gd(NP-DO3A) increases from 4.1 mM(-1) s(-1) at pH 9 to 7.0 mM(-1) s(-1) at pH 5 as a result of acid-catalyzed dissociation of the nitrophenol from the lanthanide. The nitrophenol group in Gd(NP-DO3AM) does not dissociate from the metal center even at pH 5; therefore, the very modest increase in relaxivity in this complex must be ascribed to an increase in prototropic exchange rate of the bound water and/or phenolic protons.
Complex Crystal Formation of Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lactide) with Solvent Molecules (2012)

By screening examinations for a wide variety of organic solvents, we found that poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) forms the crystalline complex (ε-form) with the specific organic solvents such as tetrahydrofuran (THF) and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) below room temperature. It was revealed that PLLA has high selectivity for low molecular weight compounds to form the ε-crystals. By fiber diagram analyses for the ε-forms, it was found that PLLA chains take the 107 (left-handed 103) helical conformation and are packed in the orthorhombic lattice (a = 1.5–1.6 nm, b = 1.2–1.3 nm, c = 2.8–2.9 nm, and α = β = γ = 90°). Based on R-factor and packing energy calculations, the plausible crystal structure of PLLA–DMF complex was proposed, in which four PLLA chains and eight guest solvents are packed in the unit cell.
CD26: a novel treatment target for T-cell lymphoid malignancies? (Review). (2003)

CD26 is a surface glycoprotein with intrinsic dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) enzyme activity with multiple biological roles, including being intricately involved in immunoregulation as a T-cell activation molecule and as a regulator of chemokine function. T-cell lymphoid malignancies represent a heterogeneous group of diseases that are generally aggressive and are for the most part resistant to current treatment modalities. Previous studies showed that CD26 is expressed on selected T-cell neoplasms, suggesting a potential role for CD26 in tumor development. We review herein recent classification schemes for T-cell lymphoid malignancies that take into account various facets of their clinical presentation. In addition, we discuss findings supporting the conclusion that CD26 has an essential role in human T-cell activation, as well as its ability to regulate the biological effects of selected chemokines through its DPPIV activity. Finally, we will present recent work from our laboratory that indicates a potential role for CD26 as a molecular target for novel treatment modalities for T-cell lymphoid malignancies.
BIODEGRADATION OF A CHEMICALLY DISPERSED CRUDE OIL (1981)

ABSTRACT The n-alkane fraction of Prudhoe Bay crude oil dispersed with Corexit 9527 disappeared rapidly from the water column directly beneath a seawater surface slick contained by an enclosure. Biodegradation appeared to be more important than nonbiological volatilization or photooxidation processes. Extracellular polysaccharides, synthesized by floc-forming bacteria, accumulated in the water column of the enclosures during n-alkane degradation. The study demonstrates the possible usefulness of Corexit 9527 in accelerating the conversion of this crude oil fraction by the indigenous microflora of coastal marine waters.
Scanning plasmon near-field microscope (1992)

A new optical near-field microscope with a lateral resolution of 3 nm (\ensuremath{\lambda}/200) is presented. Resonantly excited extended surface plasmons generate an optical near field which is locally probed by a sharp tip. The interaction of the surface plasmons with the tip can be understood in terms of elastic plasmon scattering and radiationless energy transfer from the tip to the sample. The new technique may permit the detection and spectrscopic identification of single adsorbed molecules.
Dynamic detection of novice vs. skilled use without a task model (2007)

If applications were able to detect a user's expertise, then software could automatically adapt to better match exper-tise. Detecting expertise is difficult because a user's skill changes as the user interacts with an application and differs across applications. This means that expertise must be sensed dynamically, continuously, and unobtrusively so as not to burden the user. We present an approach to this prob-lem that can operate without a task model based on low-level mouse and menu data which can typically be sensed across applications at the operating systems level. We have implemented and trained a classifier that can detect "nov-ice" or "skilled" use of an image editing program, the GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP), at 91% accuracy, and tested it against real use. In particular, we developed and tested a prototype application that gives the user dy-namic application information that differs depending on her performance.
Marine Fuels (2005)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. History 2. Specifications 3. Composition 4. Properties 5. Outlook
Crumpled Graphene Photodetector with Enhanced, Strain‐Tunable, and Wavelength‐Selective Photoresponsivity (2016)

A stretchable photodetector with enhanced, strain-tunable photoresponsivity is developed based on crumpled graphene by engineering 2D graphene into 3D structures. This crumpled graphene photodetector demonstrates ≈400% enhanced photoresponsivity led by an order-of-magnitude enhanced extinction of graphene and 100% modulation in photoresponsivity with 200% applied strain. Finally, strain-tunable, wavelength-selective photodetection is shown by integrated colloidal photonic crystals-crumpled graphene photodetector devices.
Medicinal Chemistry of Adenosine A3 Receptor Ligands (2003)

A(3) Adenosine receptors (ARs) exhibit large species differences. Potent, selective agonists for rat (e.g. Cl-IB-MECA, 5) and human A(3) ARs (e.g. PENECA, 17, and analogs) have been developed during the past years. Potent, selective antagonists for human A(3) ARs include the imidazopurinones PSB-10 (28) and PSB-11 (29), the pyrazolotriazolopyrimidines MRE-3005F20 (38) and analogs, and the dihydropyridines (e.g. MRS-1334, 50). For rat A(3) ARs only moderately potent antagonists have been identified, such as the pyridine derivative MRS-1523 (51) and the flavonoid MRS-1067 (52), both of which exhibit only a low degree of selectivity versus the other AR subtypes. Selective antagonist radioligands for the human A(3) receptor, [(3)H]MRE-3008F20 and [(3)H]PSB-11, have been prepared, while A(3)-selective agonist radioligands are still lacking. Recent developments also include allosteric modulators, irreversibly binding antagonists, fluorescence-labelled agonists, partial agonists and inverse agonists for A(3)ARs. Site-directed mutagenesis and molecular modeling studies have been performed in order to obtain information about the ligand binding site and the process of receptor activation. A(3)Adenosine receptors have recently attracted considerable interest as novel drug targets. A(3) Agonists may have potential as cardioprotective and cerebroprotective agents, for the treatment of asthma, as antiinflammatory and immunosuppressive agents, and in cancer therapy as cytostatics and chemoprotective compounds. A(3) AR antagonists might be therapeutically useful for the acute treatment of stroke, for glaucoma, and also as antiasthmatic and antiallergic drugs, since A(3)receptors cannot only mediate antiinflammatory, but also proinflammatory responses. The future development of further pharmacological tools, including potent, selective antagonists for rat A(3) receptors and selective agonist radioligands for rat and human receptors will facilitate the evaluation of the (patho)physiological roles of A(3) receptors and the pharmacological potential of their ligands.
The Iowa Power PCFB demonstration project Ahlstrom Pyroflow pressurized circulating fluidized bed technology (1992)

Iowa Power, Dairyland Power Cooperative, Pyropower Corporation, and Black and Veatch, have embarked on the demonstration of the Clean Coal Technology at Iowa Power's Des Moines Energy Center (DMEC), in Pleasant Hill, Iowa. The project has been named by Iowa Power the DMEC-1 PCFB Demonstration Project. DMEC-1 will be the first commercial scale application of the AHLSTROM PYROFLOW Pressurized Circulating Fluidized Bed (PCFB) technology for electric utility power generation. In August of 1991, the DMEC-1 Project was awarded a Cooperative Agreement by the DOE. The first budget period of the project, preliminary design and project definition, has been initiated. This paper provides a description of the PCFB technology, and an update on the status of the development of the DMEC-1 Project.
Pipeline interleaved programmable DSP's: Synchronous data flow programming (1987)

In the companion paper [1], a programmable architecture for digital signal processing is proposed that requires the partitioning of a signal processing task into multiple programs that execute concurrently. In this paper, a synchronous dataflow programming method is proposed for programming this architecture, and programming examples are given. Because of its close connection with block diagrams, data flow programming is natural and convenient for describing digital signal processing (DSP) systems. Synchronous dataflow is a special case of data flow (large grain or atomic) in which the number of tokens consumed or produced each time a node is invoked is specified for each input or output of each node. A node (or block) is asynchronous if these numbers cannot be specified a priori. A program described as a synchronous data flow graph can be mapped onto parallel processors at compile time (statically), so the run time overhead usually associated With data flow implementations evaporates. Synchronous data flow is therefore an appropriate paradigm for programming high-performance real-time applications on a parallel processor like the processors in the companion paper. The sample rates can all be different, which is not true of most current data-driven digital signal processing programming methodologies. Synchronous data flow is closely related to computation graphs, a special case of Petri nets. In this paper, we outline the programming methodology by illustrating how nodes are defined, how data passed between nodes are buffered, and how a compiler can map the nodes onto parallel processors. We give an example of a typically complicated unstructured application: a voiceband data modem. For this example, using a natural partition of the program into functional blocks, the scheduler is able to use up to seven parallel processors with 100 percent utilization. Beyond seven processors, the utilization drops because the scheduler is limited by a recursive computation, the equalizer tap update loop. No attempt has been made to modify the algorithms or their description to make them better suited for parallel execution. This example, therefore, illustrates that modest amounts of concurrency can be effectively used without particular effort on the part of the programmer.
System level security modeling using attack trees (2009)

Vulnerabilities in intrusion tolerant systems have dependence on various dynamic aspects such as redundant mechanisms, fault and error recovery mechanisms, and different operation modes. The conventional nodes of attack trees cannot adequately capture the attacks towards those systems, thus constructing security models for the systems is very difficult. This paper introduces new nodes to model the security of those systems. The nodes include: PAND node, k/n node, SEQ node, CSUB node, and Housing node. We provide the syntax and graphical representation for each node. The nodes allow us to model attacks that require exploitation of vulnerabilities which have dependence on ordering events, sequence-dependant events, conditional failures and mechanisms which involve configuration changes with time. We use the nodes to construct attack trees for different security related systems.
Identification of mutations in 23S rRNA gene of clarithromycin-resistant Mycobacterium intracellulare (1994)

Clarithromycin is a potent macrolide that has been used for treating infections with nontuberculous mycobacteria. Pairs of susceptible and resistant Mycobacterium intracellulare strains were obtained from patients with chronic pulmonary M. intracellulare infections undergoing monotherapy with clarithromycin. Nucleotide sequence comparisons of the peptidyltransferase region in 23S rRNAs from parental and resistant strains revealed that in three of six resistant strains, for which the MIC was > 32 micrograms/ml, a single base was mutated (Escherichia coli equivalent, A-2058-->G, C, or U). As the modification of adenine 2058 by dimethylation is a frequent cause of macrolide resistance in a variety of different bacteria, we suggest that mutation of A-2058 confers acquired resistance to clarithromycin in M. intracellulare.
Soluble IL-2 receptor levels in serum from blood donors seropositive for HIV. (1988)

Serum levels of soluble IL-2R (sIL-2R) were measured in blood donors seropositive for HIV. Approximately one-half (53/101) of these seropositive donors exhibited increased serum sIL-2R levels compared with seronegative controls (n = 65). Further, a significant inverse correlation was observed between serum sIL-2R levels and CD4 cell levels in seropositive study participants. These findings suggest that increased serum sIL-2R levels in HIV infection may be linked to CD4 cell loss, and thus reflective of the stage of HIV-induced disease.
Resistance against Brugia malayi microfilariae induced by a monoclonal antibody which promotes killing by macrophages and recognizes surface antigen(s). (1985)

Several monoclonal antibodies were produced following the immunization of mice with infective larvae of Brugia malayi. One of these gives a positive fluorescence reaction on the surface of B. malayi microfilariae and this particular monoclonal antibody (IgM isotype) was able to mediate mouse peritoneal macrophage adherence to, and killing of, B. malayi microfilariae in vitro. Adherence and killing were enhanced by fresh normal mouse serum, suggesting a role for complement. When the same monoclonal antibody was passively transferred to mice harbouring microfilariae in their circulation, a complete clearance of microfilariae was observed in 70% of the animals. This monoclonal antibody was able to recognize antigenic determinants (of 110,000 MW) present on the surface of B. malayi microfilariae by radioimmunoprecipitation.