gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intestinal epithelial cells use two distinct pathways for HLA class II antigen processing. (1997)

Intestinal epithelial cells express a low level of HLA class II molecules constitutively, with elevated levels seen in the setting of mucosal inflammation including inflammatory bowel disease. The ability of intestinal epithelial cells to act as antigen presenting cells for alphabeta CD4(+) T lymphocytes was examined through a molecular analysis of the HLA class II antigen processing pathway. We have shown that intestinal epithelial cells contain abundant constitutive levels of the cathepsin proteases proven to function in HLA class II mediated antigen presentation. Activation of these cells by gamma-IFN induced the expression of invariant chain and HLA-DM alphabeta, thus facilitating the formation of compact, SDS-stable HLA- DR alphabeta heterodimers. Using HLA-DR-restricted T cells and retroviral mediated gene transfer of HLA-DR alleles into the intestinal epithelial cell lines HT-29 and T84, we demonstrated efficient antigen processing and presentation to CD4(+) T lymphocytes in the presence of the proinflammatory cytokine gamma-IFN. The class II processing pathway and presentation in the presence of gamma-IFN was indistinguishable from that observed with a conventional antigen presenting cell. Antigen processing also occurred in intestinal epithelial cells in the absence of gamma-IFN, and in contrast to that seen after stimulation with gamma-IFN, required high concentration of antigen and was not inhibited by the protease inhibitor leupeptin. These data suggest the use of two distinct pathways of HLA class II antigen processing in enterocytes with differential immunomodulatory properties in the presence or absence of mucosal inflammation.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. <b>XLII</b>. Three novel compounds derived from thienopyridine <i>N</i>‐oxides (1994)

Abstract Extension of the Reissert‐Henze reaction to treatment of thieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridine 7‐oxide with potassium thiocyanate and benzoyl chloride in water‐methylene chloride gives a 2% yield of bis(6‐thieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridyl) disulfide. Peroxidation of 5‐ethylthieno[2,3‐ b ]pyridine ( 4 ) forms the 7‐oxide 5 (53%), converted to a monopicrate 5a . Picrate 5a undergoes N ‐deoxygenation to 4 ‐picrate on drying at 78° in vacuo , but shows the expected additive mass spectrum of 5 (thermally stable) and picric acid. Nucleophilic displacement of chloride ion from 7‐chlorothieno[3,2‐ b ]pyridine (derived, in turn, from thieno[3,2‐ b ]pyridine 4 ‐oxide) by the anion from ethyl cyanoacetate gives 7‐(1‐cyano‐1‐ethoxycarbonyl)methylene‐4,7‐dihydrothieno[3,2‐ b ]pyridine (82%), stable in this iminodienic tautomeric form.
Novel route to chiral polymers involving biocatalytic transesterification of O-acryloyl oximes (1990)

A. Ghogare and G. S. Kumar, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 134 DOI: 10.1039/C39900000134
The Hygiene of Cardiac Children (1922)

The Hygiene of Cardiac Children Charles Hendee Smith CopyRight https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.12.1.35 Published Online: August 30, 2011
The Orbitofrontal Cortex and Reward (2000)

The primate orbitofrontal cortex contains the secondary taste cortex, in which the reward value of taste is represented. It also contains the secondary and tertiary olfactory cortical areas, in which information about the identity and also about the reward value of odors is represented. The orbitofrontal cortex also receives information about the sight of objects and faces from the temporal lobe cortical visual areas, and neurons in it learn and reverse the visual stimulus to which they respond when the association of the visual stimulus with a primary reinforcing stimulus (such as a taste reward) is reversed. However, the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in representing negative reinforcers (punishers) too, such as aversive taste, and in rapid stimulus-reinforcement association learning for both positive and negative primary reinforcers. In complementary neuroimaging studies in humans it is being found that areas of the orbitofrontal cortex (and connected subgenual cingulate cortex) are activated by pleasant touch, by painful touch, by rewarding and aversive taste, and by odor. Damage to the orbitofrontal cortex in humans can impair the learning and reversal of stimulus- reinforcement associations, and thus the correction of behavioral responses when these are no longer appropriate because previous reinforcement contingencies change. This evidence thus shows that the orbitofrontal cortex is involved in decoding and representing some primary reinforcers such as taste and touch; in learning and reversing associations of visual and other stimuli to these primary reinforcers; and in controlling and correcting reward-related and punishment-related behavior, and thus in emotion.
The effect of inhaled and intranasal sodium cromoglyeate on symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections (1996)

Sodium cromoglycate administered both by inhalation and intranasally is an effective treatment for the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection. Its combined safety and efficacy would make it an acceptable form of treatment for these conditions.
Determination of Free Hydroxyl Content (1942)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetermination of Free Hydroxyl ContentCarl J. Malm, Leo B. Genung, and Robert F. Williams, Jr.Cite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Anal. Ed. 1942, 14, 12, 935–940Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1942Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1942https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i560112a007https://doi.org/10.1021/i560112a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views483Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
SOLITON TRANSMISSION SPEEDS GREATLY MULTIPLIED BY SLIDING-FREQUENCY GUIDING FILTERS (1994)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text LINN F. MOLLENAUER, "SOLITON TRANSMISSION SPEEDS GREATLY MULTIPLIED BY SLIDING-FREQUENCY GUIDING FILTERS," Optics & Photonics News 5(4), 15-19 (1994) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Group V allergens in grass pollens: IV. Similarities in amino acid compositions and NH<sub>2</sub>‐terminal sequences of the Group V allergens from <i>Lolium perenne, Poa pratensis</i> and <i>Dactylis glomerata</i> (1992)

Monoclonal antibodies (PpV4) raised against Phleum pratense group V allergen were used for immuno-affinity chromatography of cross-reacting group V allergens from related grass species. Fractions enriched in group V allergen were obtained from Lolium perenne, Poa pratense and Dactylis glomerata extracts. The major components in these fractions were found in the Mwr range 25-28 kD. IgE binding to these components was shown using a pool of grass allergic sera, by SDS-PAGE immunoblotting. These fractions were electroblotted from tricine SDS-PAGE gels onto a polyvinylidene-difluoride membrane and selected group V bands were directly cut out and used for amino acid analysis and NH2-terminal sequencing. Both the amino acid compositions and the NH2-terminal sequences obtained for each group V allergen were almost similar to each other and to the sequence and composition of the previously described allergen Phl p V from Phleum pratense. A common trait of the investigated allergens, is the very high contents of alanine (25-32%) and the presence of the modified amino acid, hydroxyproline.
On the detection of flow-induced fractionation in melts of homopolymers by normal-mode microdielectrometry (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOn the detection of flow-induced fractionation in melts of homopolymers by normal-mode microdielectrometryJeffrey Fodor and Davide A. HillCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 13, 3511–3520Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00039a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00039a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views70Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparative Pepstatin Inhibition Studies on Individual Human Pepsins and Pepsinogens 1,3 and 5(gastricsin) and Pig Pepsin A (2003)

Human gastric juice contains 3 major proteolytic components (pepsins1,3 and 5 or gastricsin). Pepsin 1 is increased in peptic ulcer and it's properties are relatively poorly understood. Studies with pepstatin the highly specific aspartic-protease inhibitor have therefore been carried out on individual active and proenzymes to assess any enzymic similarities. Human pepsin 1 was inhibited with high affinity similar to pepsin 3, whereas pepsin 5(gastricsin) was at least 40 times less sensitive. Inhibition of human pepsinogens 1,3 and 5 and pig pepsinogen A showed similar trends to the active enzymes. Studies using Sephadex gel filtration showed that pepstatin does not bind to pepsinogens and inhibition arises from pepstatin binding the pepsins released upon activation. Pepstatin inhibition was shown to be relatively independent of pH between 1.5 and 3.8 although at higher pH inhibition was less effective. The evidence suggests that pepsin 1 is similar to pepsin 3 and pepstatin inhibits by a one to one molecular binding to the active site. The explanation for the reduced affinity of pepstatin to pepsin 5(gastricsin) needs further study by co-crystallisation X-ray analysis.
Method of Fatigue Life Estimation for Spot Welded Structures (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper, a new theory to obtain the nominal structural stress to the cross tension and the bending moment is described and, the method of the fatigue life estimation for the spot welding structure is proposed using this theory. Proposed method can do away with D value decision problem that is the current problem in D.Radaj's method for fatigue life estimation. Moreover, a nominal structural stress that is the fatigue strength evaluation parameter can be estimated in accuracy good, because the deformation around the nugget to which it pays attention in the spot welding structure is introduced into the analysis.</div>
Assessment of beat-to-beat heart rate detection method using a camera as contactless sensor (2016)

Video photoplethysmography (videoPPG) has emerged as area of great interest thanks to the possibility of remotely assessment of cardiovascular parameters, as heart rate (HR), respiration rate (RR) and heart rate variability (HRV). The present article proposes a fully automated method based on chrominance model, that selects for each subject the best region of interest (ROI) to detect and evaluate the accuracy of beat detection and interbeat intervals (IBI) measurements. The experimental recordings were conducted on 26 subjects which underwent a rest-to-stand maneuver. The results show that the accuracy of beat detection is slightly better during supine position (95%) compared to the standing one (92%), due to the maintenance of the balance that introduces larger motion artifact in the signal dynamic. The error in the measurement (expressed as mean±sd) of instantaneous heart rate is of +0.04 ±3.29 bpm in rest and +0.01±4.26 bpm in stand.
Antiferroelectric Behavior in Symmetric<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>KNbO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi>/</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>KTaO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Superlattices (2002)

Antiferroelectric behavior is observed in artificially layered KTaO (3)/KNbO (3) perovskite superlattices. While KTaO (3) and KNbO (3) are ferroelectric and paraelectric, respectively, the superlattice appears antiferroelectric based on an increase in the dielectric constant with applied dc bias. This dielectric behavior is inconsistent with the nonlinear response for either paraelectric or ferroelectric materials. However, an increase in the dielectric constant with applied electric field is consistent with antiferroelectric behavior. The antiferroelectric ordering appears to be induced by cation modulation imposed by the superlattice.
Digital etching of GaAs using Se molecular beam and atomic hydrogen beam (1994)

A novel digital etching technique for GaAs was investigated. The GaAs surface was first irradiated by a Se molecular beam to form Ga2Se3 on the surface as a result of the Se–As exchange reaction. The surface was then irradiated by an atomic hydrogen (H*) beam to selectively etch the Ga2Se3 layer. These steps were repeated until etched to the desired depth. An etch rate of about 0.2 nm/cycle was obtained at the substrate temperature of 500 °C. The etch rate was nearly independent of the Se and H* irradiation time, suggesting the involvement of a self-limiting mechanism in the etching process.
Akt/FOXO3a/SIRT1-Mediated Cardioprotection by <i>n</i>-Tyrosol against Ischemic Stress in Rat in Vivo Model of Myocardial Infarction: Switching Gears toward Survival and Longevity (2008)

Moderate consumption of wine has been associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular events. Recently we have shown that white wine is equally as cardioprotective as red wine. However, unlike resveratrol (polyphenol in red wine), the white wine component, n-tyrosol [2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethanol] has not been explored for its cardioprotective effect and mechanism of action. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the effect of tyrosol treatment (5 mg/kg/day for 30 days) on myocardial ischemic stress in a rat in vivo model of Myocardial Infarction (MI) and to identify key molecular targets involved in this mechanism. MI was induced by Left Anterior Descending (LAD) coronary artery ligation. Reduced infarct size (32.42 vs 48.03%) and cardiomyocyte apoptosis (171 vs 256 counts/100 HPF) were observed along with improvement in the myocardial functional parameters such as LVIDs (5.89 vs 6.58 mm), ejection fraction (51.91 vs 45.09%), and fractional shortening (28.46 vs 23.52%) as assessed by echocardiography in the tyrosol-treated animals when compared to the nontreated controls. We have also observed significant increase in the phosphorylation of Akt (1.4-fold), eNOS (3-fold) and FOXO3a (2.6-fold). In addition, tyrosol induced the expression of longevity protein SIRT1 (3.2-fold) in the MI group as compared to the non-treated MI control. Therefore tyrosol's SIRT1, Akt and eNOS activating power adds another dimension to the white wine research, because it adds a great link to the French paradox. In conclusion these findings suggest that tyrosol induces myocardial protection against ischemia related stress by inducing survival and longevity proteins that may be considered as anti-aging therapy for the heart. However, human intervention studies would be necessary before establishing any recommendations about dietary habits for tyrosol intake or administration of dietary supplements containing tyrosol.
Synthesis and Racemization Process of Chiral Carbon Nanorings: A Step toward the Chemical Synthesis of Chiral Carbon Nanotubes (2011)

A simple and realistic model for the shortest sidewall segments of chiral single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) has been designed, and one of the chiral carbon nanorings, cyclo[13]paraphenylene-2,6-naphthylene ([13]CPPN, 1) has been successfully synthesized. DFT calculations reveal that the racemization energy of 1 is 8.4 kcal·mol(-1). In addition, some important energetic values, such as racemization barriers and strain energies, of other chiral carbon nanorings have been systematically estimated for future molecular design.
A high-resolution Doppler model of human gait (2002)

A high resolution Doppler model of the walking human was developed for analyzing the continuous wave (CW) radar gait signature. Data for twenty subjects were collected simultaneously using an infrared motion capture system along with a two channel 10.525 GHz CW radar. The motion capture system recorded three-dimensional coordinates of infrared markers placed on the body. These body marker coordinates were used as inputs to create the theoretical Doppler output using a model constructed in MATLAB. The outputs of the model are the simulated Doppler signals due to each of the major limbs and the thorax. An estimated radar cross section for each part of the body was assigned using the Lund & Browder chart of estimated body surface area. The resultant Doppler model was then compared with the actual recorded Doppler gait signature in the frequency domain using the spectrogram. Comparison of the two sets of data has revealed several identifiable biomechanical features in the radar gait signature due to leg and body motion. The result of the research shows that a wealth of information can be unlocked from the radar gait signature, which may be useful in security and biometric applications.
Spectector: Principled Detection of Speculative Information Flows (2020)

Since the advent of Spectre, a number of counter-measures have been proposed and deployed. Rigorously reasoning about their effectiveness, however, requires a well-defined notion of security against speculative execution attacks, which has been missing until now.In this paper (1) we put forward speculative non-interference, the first semantic notion of security against speculative execution attacks, and (2) we develop Spectector, an algorithm based on symbolic execution to automatically prove speculative non-interference, or to detect violations.We implement Spectector in a tool, which we use to detect subtle leaks and optimizations opportunities in the way major compilers place Spectre countermeasures. A scalability analysis indicates that checking speculative non-interference does not exhibit fundamental bottlenecks beyond those inherited by symbolic execution.
Chlorine concentration profiles in silica fibres (1984)

Chlorine concentration profiles in silica fibres were studied by X-ray microanalysis and consideration of the chemical reactions concerned with chlorine in the fibre fabrication process. The chlorine content was proportional to the doped element contents. The Cl/Ge content ratio was larger than the Cl/Si or Cl/P content ratio.
A Cyclic Triphenylamine Dimer for Organic Field-Effect Transistors with High Performance (2006)

A cyclic ethylene linked triphenylamine dimer formed highly crystalline thin film via vapor deposition. Meanwhile, the corresponding linear molecule only resulted in amorphous films under the same condition. The performance as FET semiconductor also improved significantly when the molecular structure derived from linear to cyclic type. The cyclic molecule displayed mobilities in excess of 10-2 cm2 V-1 s-1 and high on/off ratios up to 107.
Enhanced Resolution Jitter Testing Using Jitter Expansion (2007)

This paper presents a hardware jitter expansion technique to enable high-resolution jitter measurement of multi-GHz digital signals. To realize high-resolution timing analysis, the jitter is reconstructed on a low-speed signal and jitter measurements are made on this signal instead of the original high-speed signal. The reconstructed jitter on the low-speed signal occurs on a proportionately larger time-scale as opposed to the original jitter on the high-speed signal. Consequently, the jitter on the low-speed signal can be measured easily using conventional jitter measurement techniques and mapped back to its corresponding value relative to the high-speed signal. The approach allows one or two orders of magnitude smaller jitter values to be measured than standard jitter measurement techniques available today. The proposed hardware is easily implemented as a front-end to any existing jitter measurement system. Simulation data and hardware measurements are presented to prove the viability of the proposed scheme.
SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION FOR DIAGNOSTIC ACCURACY STUDIES INVOLVING BINORMAL ROC CURVE INDICES (1997)

Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and their associated indices are valuable tools for the assessment of the accuracy of diagnostic tests. The area under the ROC curve is a popular summary measure of the accuracy of a test. The full area under the ROC curve, however, has been criticized because it gives equal weight to all false positive error rates. Alternative indices include the area under the ROC curve in a particular range of false positive rates ('partial' area) and the sensitivity of the test for a single fixed false positive rate (FPR). We present a unified approach for computing sample size for binormal ROC curves and their indices. Our method uses Taylor series expansions to derive approximate large-sample estimates of the variance and covariance of binormal ROC curve parameters. Several examples from diagnostic radiology illustrate the proposed method.
Chemicals from Renewables: Aerobic Oxidation of Furfural and Hydroxymethylfurfural over Gold Catalysts (2007)

Aerobic exercise: The biomass-derived platform chemicals furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) are readily oxidized in methanol in the presence of oxygen and a supported gold nanoparticle catalyst to afford the corresponding methyl esters (see scheme). Thus, furfural was oxidized to methyl furoate under very mild conditions, and HMF was converted into furan-2,5-dimethylcarboxylate (FDMC), a potential polymer building block, with high yields.