gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alteration of intracellular DNA and RNA patterns by liver arginase studied with flow cytometry. (1992)

Previous study of lymphocyte proliferation in the presence of liver arginase has indicated that arginine-depletion in the culture medium plays an important role in inhibiting cell proliferation. The inhibitory effect of both liver arginase and arginine-free condition on DNA, RNA and protein syntheses in PHA-stimulated lymphocytes were studied in cultures by measuring the incorporation of labeled precursors. Simultaneously, their influence on DNA and RNA contents in cells stained by acridine orange was investigated by automated flow cytometry. With 3 micrograms/ml arginase, the syntheses of DNA, RNA and protein were markedly inhibited after 72 h of culture. The degrees of inhibition were close to that induced in an arginine-free condition. The DNA and RNA contents of the individual cell, either cultured with 3 micrograms/ml arginase or in arginine-free medium, were arrested in G0/G1 phase. The results of cell arrest in G0/G1 phase were similar whether the cells were cultured for 24, 48 or 72 h.
New Amylase Inhibitor (S-AI) from<i>Streptomyces diastaticus</i>var.<i>amylostaticus</i>No. 2476 (1975)

Journal Article New Amylase Inhibitor (S-AI) from Streptomyces diastaticus var. amylostaticus No. 2476 Get access Sawao Murao, Sawao Murao Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Kunio Ohyama Kunio Ohyama Department of Agricultural Chemistry, College of Agriculture, University of Osaka Prefecture, Sakai, Osaka Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 39, Issue 11, 1 November 1975, Pages 2271–2273, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1975.10861952 Published: 01 November 1975 Article history Received: 23 June 1975 Published: 01 November 1975
Effect of Obesity on the Response to Insulin Therapy in Noninsulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (1997)

An initial improvement in glycemic control is often followed by gradual deterioration of glycemia during insulin treatment of patients with noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). We examined the causes of such worsening in a 12-month follow-up analysis of 100 insulin-treated NIDDM patients in the Finnish Multicenter Insulin Therapy Study who were treated with either combination therapy with insulin or insulin alone. In the entire study group, glycemic control averaged 9.7 +/- 0.2% at 0 months and 8.0 +/- 0.1%, 8.0 +/- 0.1%, 8.2 +/- 0.1%, and 8.5 +/- 0.2% at 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (P < 0.001 for each time point vs. 0 months). Glycemic control at 12 months was significantly worse than that at 3 (P < 0.001), 6 (P < 0.001), and 9 months (P < 0.02). Baseline body mass index was the most significant predictor of deterioration in glycemic control. During 1 yr, hemoglobin A1c decreased almost 3-fold more (by 1.7 +/- 0.2%; P < 0.001 vs. 0 months) in patients whose baseline weight was below the mean baseline body mass index of 28.1 kg/m2 (nonobese patients) than in those whose weight exceeded 28.1 kg/m2 (obese patients; 0.5 +/- 0.2%; P = NS vs. 0 months; P < 0.01 vs. obese patients). Glycemic control improved similarly over 1 yr in the nonobese subjects and deteriorated similarly in the obese patients regardless of their treatment regimen. Insulin doses, per body weight, were similar in the nonobese and obese patients. The nonobese patients consistently gained less weight during 12 months of combination therapy with insulin (3.5 +/- 0.6 kg at 12 months) than during insulin therapy alone (5.1 +/- 0.6 kg; P < 0.05). The treatment regimen did not influence weight gain in the obese group, who gained 4.4 +/- 1.0 kg during combination therapy with insulin and 4.5 +/- 1.1 kg during insulin therapy alone. We reached the following conclusions: 1) after an initial good response, glycemic control deteriorates more in obese than in nonobese patients with NIDDM; 2) in obese patients, weight gain per se cannot explain the poor glycemic response to combination or insulin therapy, but it may induce a disproportionately large increase in insulin requirements because of greater insulin resistance in the obese than in the nonobese; 3) in nonobese patients, glycemic control improves equally during 1 yr with combination therapy with insulin and insulin alone, but combination therapy with insulin is associated with less weight gain than treatment with insulin alone; 4) weight gain appears harmful, as it is associated with increases in blood pressure and low density lipoprotein cholesterol.
Three Efflux Pumps Are Required To Provide Efficient Tolerance to Toluene in <i>Pseudomonas putida</i> DOT-T1E (2001)

In Pseudomonas putida DOT-T1E multidrug efflux pumps of the resistance-nodulation-division family make a major contribution to solvent resistance. Two pumps have been identified: TtgABC, expressed constitutively, and TtgDEF, induced by aromatic hydrocarbons. A double mutant lacking both efflux pumps was able to survive a sudden toluene shock if and only if preinduced with small amounts of toluene supplied via the gas phase. In this article we report the identification and characterization in this strain of a third efflux pump, named TtgGHI. The ttgGHI genes form an operon that is expressed constitutively at high levels from a single promoter. In the presence of toluene the operon is expressed at an even higher level from two promoters, the constitutive one and a previously unreported one that is inducible and that partially overlaps the constitutive promoter. By site-directed mutagenesis we constructed a single ttgH mutant which was shown to be unable to survive sudden 0.3% (vol/vol) toluene shocks regardless of the preculture conditions. The mutation was transferred to single and double mutants to construct mutant strains in which two or all three pumps are knocked out. Survival analysis of induced and noninduced cells revealed that the TtgABC and TtgGHI pumps extruded toluene, styrene, m-xylene, ethylbenzene, and propylbenzene, whereas the TtgDEF pump removed only toluene and styrene. The triple mutant was hypersensitive to toluene, as shown by its inability to grow with toluene supplied via the vapor phase.
Probing the Effects of Hydrophilic Branch Size, Distribution, and Connectivity in Amphiphilic Polyethylene (2008)

Abstract Acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) polymerization/hydrogenation methodology was used to synthesize a family of amphiphilic polyethylenes (PEs) with precisely placed poly(ethylene glycol) branches. Four structural parameters are varied in this report: size of the hydrophilic pendant group, manner in which the pendant group is connected to the backbone, distance between the pendant moieties along the backbone, and saturation of the polyolefin backbone. Varying the branch size with other parameters held constant results in negligible effects on thermal behavior. However, when either the distribution of branches or manner of connection of the branches is altered, changes in the thermal behavior become clear. These slight structural changes allow tunability of the structural morphology from fully amorphous to semicrystalline materials melting over a range of temperatures above 60 °C. magnified image
Usefulness of serum cystatin C to determine the dose of vancomycin in critically ill patients (2010)

These findings suggest that Scys-C is a reliable marker reflecting renal function in critically ill patients and is applicable to determine the initial loading dose as well as the maintenance dose of vancomycin.
Review: The role of vitamin <scp>D</scp> in nervous system health and disease (2013)

Vitamin D and its metabolites have pleomorphic roles in both nervous system health and disease. Animal models have been paramount in contributing to our knowledge and understanding of the consequences of vitamin D deficiency on brain development and its implications for adult psychiatric and neurological diseases. The conflation of in vitro, ex vivo, and animal model data provide compelling evidence that vitamin D has a crucial role in proliferation, differentiation, neurotrophism, neuroprotection, neurotransmission, and neuroplasticity. Vitamin D exerts its biological function not only by influencing cellular processes directly, but also by influencing gene expression through vitamin D response elements. This review highlights the epidemiological, neuropathological, experimental and molecular genetic evidence implicating vitamin D as a candidate in influencing susceptibility to a number of psychiatric and neurological diseases. The strength of evidence varies for schizophrenia, autism, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and is especially strong for multiple sclerosis.
A Novel Methodology for the Quantification of B-Vitamers in Breast Milk (2017)

With this report we present development, validation and application of an analytical methodology for the quantification of 18 water soluble vitamers and secreted or biological forms in breast milk. On a relatively low amount of breast milk (200 ÂµL), we applied isotope dilution-based sample preparation based on a combination of enzymatic treatment and protein precipitation using acidic methanol enriched with stable isotope labelled internal standards. Compounds separation was achieved by reversed-phase liquid chromatography and detection performed by tandem mass spectrometry in positive electrospray ionization mode. To perform the quantification of 18 water soluble vitamers, procured pooled breast milk was used to build matrixmatched calibration curves, as labelled internal standards were not available for each vitamer. The analytical approach has been validated according to the EMA guidelines. The overall performance of the method was considered adequate, with 0.3- 28.3% and 0.9-32.6% intra and inter-day precision respectively and averaged accuracy reaching 92.2-107.5%. In addition, performed freeze/thaw stability studies showed the potential degradation of some vitamers. We therefore recommend particular attention in sample collection with rather having dedicated aliquots with small volumes. The feasibility of this analytical approach has been evaluated by quantifying various breast milk samples that were procured from an external supplier. The main forms found in breast milk were thiamine monophosphate for B1, flavin adenine nucleotide for B2, nicotinamide for B3, pyridoxal for B6 and 5-methyl tetrahydrofolic acid for B9. In addition, we newly reported nudifloramide as B3 form present in breast milk. With this analytical approach, it will give more confidence to provide a comprehensive assessment of the presence of water soluble vitamins in breast milk. This will enable the accurate evaluation of the nutritional requirements of infants.
EEC IV Full Authority Diesel Fuel Injection Control (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A fuel authority diesel control has been built and demonstrated using a commercially available electronic engine control module in conjunction with the BKM Servojet fuel injection system. The electronic system consists of a Ford EEC-IV module, sensors, and a driver package. A description of the structure and the develoment of the EEC-IV can be found in <span class="xref">reference 1</span>. The BKM Servojet fuel injection system is a very simple medium pressure common-rail system with pressure intensifier and accumulator type injectors. Each injector contains a solenoid valve, which is required to energize and to subsequently deenergize for each cylinder firing.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">A detailed description of this system can be found in <span class="xref">reference 2</span>. The application described is a retrofit to a production engine which is sold in both industrial and agricultural product versions. The prototype system replaces a conventional pump, line, and nozzle system having a mechanical flyweight governor. The engine is a four cylinder turbocharged, direct-injected diesel. This paper describes prototype hardware and control strategies.</div>
Ultrasensitive Telomerase Activity Detection in Circulating Tumor Cells Based on DNA Metallization and Sharp Solid‐State Electrochemical Techniques (2014)

Being considered a “liquid biopsy”, circulating tumor cell (CTC) quantification is of great interest for evaluating cancer dissemination, predicting patient prognosis, and also for the evaluation of therapeutic treatments, representing a reliable potential alternative to invasive biopsies and subsequent proteomic and functional genetic analysis. Compared to a biopsy, the gold standard of current cancer diagnosis, an important characteristic of a blood test is that it is safe and can be performed at many points during the disease, allowing the development of appropriate therapy modifications and potentially improving patient's quality of life. In this work, an ultrasensitive electrochemical telomerase activity‐sensing strategy is presented that utilizes DNA‐templated deposition of silver nanoparticles as electroactive labels through a highly sharp solid‐state Ag/AgCl reaction with DNA exonuclease III‐assisted background current suppression. This nanoparticle‐mediated signal amplification resulted in significantly decreased detection limit, which is better than the vast majority of reported methods and achieves a sensitivity comparable to the conventional telomeric repeat amplification protocol (TRAP). This work may pave a new PCR‐free way for the detection of telomerase activity in CTCs via a noninvasive routine blood test for point‐of‐care diagnosis and individualized treatment of cancer.
Digital fingerprinting codes: problem statements, constructions, identification of traitors (2003)

We consider a general fingerprinting problem of digital data under which coalitions of users can alter or erase some bits in their copies in order to create an illegal copy. Each user is assigned a fingerprint which is a word in a fingerprinting code of size M (the total number of users) and length n. We present binary fingerprinting codes secure against size-t coalitions which enable the distributor (decoder) to recover at least one of the users from the coalition with probability of error exp(-/spl Omega/(n)) for M=exp(/spl Omega/(n)). This is an improvement over the best known schemes that provide the error probability no better than exp(-/spl Omega/(n/sup 1/2/)) and for this probability support at most exp(O(n/sup 1/2/)) users. The construction complexity of codes is polynomial in n. We also present versions of these constructions that afford identification algorithms of complexity poly(n)=polylog(M), improving over the best previously known complexity of /spl Omega/(M). For the case t=2, we construct codes of exponential size with even stronger performance, namely, for which the distributor can either recover both users from the coalition with probability 1-exp(/spl Omega/(n)), or identify one traitor with probability 1.
CCR9 Homes Metastatic Melanoma Cells to the Small Bowel (2008)

The question of why certain types of tumors often metastasize to the same organs has intrigued scientists for over a century. In 1889, Paget put forth the “seed and soil” concept that cancer cells (seed) spread in a nonrandom fashion to distant target organs where they are drawn based on a
Dietary Salt Intake and Hypertension (2014)

Over the past century, salt has been the subject of intense scientific research related to blood pressure elevation and cardiovascular mortalities. Moderate reduction of dietary salt intake is generally an effective measure to reduce blood pressure. However, recently some in the academic society and lay media dispute the benefits of salt restriction, pointing to inconsistent outcomes noted in some observational studies. A reduction in dietary salt from the current intake of 9-12 g/day to the recommended level of less than 5-6 g/day will have major beneficial effects on cardiovascular health along with major healthcare cost savings around the world. The World Health Organization (WHO) strongly recommended to reduce dietary salt intake as one of the top priority actions to tackle the global non-communicable disease crisis and has urged member nations to take action to reduce population wide dietary salt intake to decrease the number of deaths from hypertension, cardiovascular disease and stroke. However, some scientists still advocate the possibility of increased risk of CVD morbidity and mortality at extremes of low salt intake. Future research may inform the optimal sodium reduction strategies and intake targets for general populations. Until then, we have to continue to build consensus around the greatest benefits of salt reduction for CVD prevention, and dietary salt intake reduction strategies must remain at the top of the public health agenda.
Synergistic stimulation of fibroblast prostaglandin production by recombinant interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor. (1987)

Mononuclear cell production of cytokines that stimulate fibroblast prostaglandin (PG) elaboration is an important mechanism by which mononuclear cells regulate fibroblast function. However, the soluble factors mediating these PG-stimulatory effects are incompletely understood. We characterized the effects on PG production by confluent normal lung fibroblasts of recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (IL 1 alpha), interleukin 1 beta (IL 1 beta) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF), alone and in combination. All three cytokines stimulated fibroblast PG production with both IL 1 peptides being significantly more potent than TNF. In addition, TNF interacted in a synergistic fashion with both IL 1 peptides to augment fibroblast PGE elaboration further. The stimulatory effects of the cytokines were almost entirely caused by an increase in PGE2 production and were reversed when the cytokine(s) were removed. These changes in PG production could not be explained by alterations in cell number and were completely negated by specific anticytokine antibodies. Recombinant gamma interferon, although synergizing with TNF in regulating other cellular functions, did not interact with TNF to augment fibroblast PGE elaboration. In addition, the synergistic interaction of IL 1 and TNF did not extend to all biologic effects of IL 1 since TNF did not augment the ability of IL 1 to stimulate thymocyte proliferation.
VIII. On the whirling and vibration of shafts (1894)

Abstract 1. It is well known that every shaft, however nearly balanced, when driven at a particular speed, bends, and, unless the amount of deflection be limited, might even break, although at higher speeds the shaft again runs true. The particular or “critical“ speed depends on the manner in which the shaft is supported, its size and modulus of elasticity, and the size, weight, and position of any pulleys it carries. The theory for the case of an unloaded shaft first received attention at the hands of Professor Rankine, who obtained numerical formulae for the cases of an unloaded shaft resting freely on a bearing at each end, and for an overhanging shaft working in a shoulder at one end.
TLR9 mediates S. aureus killing inside osteoblasts via induction of oxidative stress (2016)

In this work we demonstrated for the first time that CPG-ODNs have inhibitory effects on S. aureus survival inside SAOS-2 osteoblast-like cell line. This effect was attributed to stimulation of TLR9 and subsequent induction of oxidative stress. Pretreatment of infected SAOS-2 cells with ROS inhibitors resulted in the abolishment of the CPG-ODNs killing effects.
The Inhibitory Effects of Tea Polyphenols (Flavan-3-ol Derivatives) on Cu2+ Mediated Oxidative Modification of Low Density Lipoprotein. (1994)

Tea polyphenols (flavan-3-ol derivatives) suppressed the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein (LDL) which is assumed to be an important step in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis lesions. Inhibitory experiments on the oxidative impairment of porcine serum LDL by flavan-3-ols were carried out by incubating them at 37 degrees C in the presence of 5 microM Cu2+. The oxidation of LDL was monitored either by an absorption increase at 234 nm due to the conjugated diene formation, or the formation of hydroperoxides and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). It was found that the oxidation was strongly inhibited by various flavan-3-ols, and a lag time over 100 min appeared, depending on the types of flavan-3-ols used. The activities based on the prolongation of the lag time were in the order of (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC) < (+)-catechin (C) < (-)-epicatechin (EC) < (-)-epicatechingallate (ECG) < (-)-epigallocatechingallate (EGCG). IC50 of flavan-3-ols on Cu2+ mediated hydroperoxides and TBARS formation of LDL were 0.90, 0.95 microM for ECG and 2.38, 2.74 microM for EGC, respectively. It was found that the Cu2+ mediated cholesterol ester degradation in LDL was almost completely inhibited by 5.0 microM C or EGCG. Cu2+ mediated apolipoprotein B-100 fragmentation was also inhibited (up to 60%) in the presence of C or EGCG.
Oxidation of Neurospora crassa NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase by activated oxygen species (1989)

The glutamine synthetase and the NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase activities of Neurospora crassa were lost in a culture without carbon source only when in the presence of air. Glutamine synthetase was previously reported to be liable to in vitro and in vivo inactivation by activated oxygen species. Here we report that NADP-specific glutamate dehydrogenase was remarkably stable in the presence of activated oxygen species but was rendered susceptible to oxidative inactivation when chelated iron was bound to the enzyme and either ascorbate or H2O2 reacted on the bound iron. This reaction gave rise to further modifications of the enzyme monomers by activated oxygen species, to partial dissociation of the oligomeric structure, and to precipitation and fragmentation of the enzyme. The in vitro oxidation reaction was affected by pH, temperature, and binding to the enzyme of NADPH. Heterogeneity in total charge was observed in the purified and immunoprecipitated enzymes, and the relative amounts of enzyme monomers with different isoelectric points changes with time of the oxidizing reaction.
Comparisons of the Competitive Position of Canadian, Mexican, and U.S. Suppliers (2000)

SUMMARY Data from 514 Canadian and U.S. purchasing professionals were collected and analyzed to compare Canadian, Mexican, and U.S. suppliers' performance on important competitive dimensions. U.S. purchasing professionals rated Canadian suppliers lower on the dimensions of cooperation, cost, and quality than they rated U.S. suppliers. Canadian purchasing professionals rated U.S. suppliers low on cooperation. Both Canadian and U.S. suppliers rated Mexican suppliers relatively low on all competitive dimensions. These results are discussed and recommendations for future research are offered.
Fingerprint liveness detection based on histograms of invariant gradients (2014)

Security of fingerprint authentication systems remains threatened by the presentation of spoof artifacts. Most current mitigation approaches rely upon the fingerprint liveness detection as the main anti-spoofing mechanisms. However, liveness detection algorithms are not robust to sensor variations. In other words, typical liveness detection algorithms need to be retrained and adapted to each and every sensor used for fingerprint capture. In this paper, inspired by popular invariant feature descriptors such as histograms of oriented gradients (HOG) and the scale invariant feature transform (SIFT), we propose a new invariant descriptor of fingerprint ridge texture called histograms of invariant gradients (HIG). The proposed descriptor is designed to preserve robustness to variations in gradient positions. Spoofed fingerprints are detected using multiple histograms of invariant gradients computed from spatial neighborhoods within the fingerprint. Results show that proposed method achieves an average accuracy comparable to the best algorithms of the Fingerprint Liveness Detection Competition 2013, while being applicable with no change to multiple acquisition sensors.