gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Engineering of <i>Pichia pastoris</i> for improved production of antibody fragments (2006)

The methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris has been used for the expression of many proteins, including antibody fragments. However, limitations became obvious especially when secreting heterodimeric Fab fragments. Up-to-date, antibody fragments have only been expressed under control of the strong inducible alcohol oxidase 1 (AOX1) promoter, which may stress the cells by excessive transcription. Here, we examined the secretion characteristics of single chain and Fab fragments of two different monoclonal anti-HIV1 antibodies (2F5 and 2G12) with both the AOX1 and the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAP) promoter. Also, the influences of different secretion leaders and strains were evaluated. Interestingly, secretion was only achieved when using the GAP promoter and the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mating factor alpha (MFalpha leader), whereas there was no difference between the two P. pastoris strains. During fed batch fermentation of a 2F5 Fab expressing strain, intracellular retention of Fab heavy chains was observed, while both intact Fab and single light chain molecules were only detected in the supernatants. This led to the conclusion that protein folding and heterodimer assembly in the ER are rate limiting steps in Fab secretion. To alleviate this limitation, S. cerevisiae protein disulfide isomerase (PDI) and the unfolded protein response (UPR) transcription factor HAC1 were constitutively overexpressed in P. pastoris. While the overexpression of HAC1 led to a moderate increase of Fab secretion of 1.3-fold, PDI enabled an increase of the Fab level by 1.9-fold. Hence, the formation of interchain disulfide bonds can be seen as a major rate limiting factor to Fab assembly and subsequent secretion.
Multidimensional Pulse-Position Coded-Modulation for Deep-Space Optical Communication (2011)

In order to achieve multigigabit transmission (projected for 2020) for the use in interplanetary communications, in this letter, we propose the use of multidimensional pulse-position modulation (PPM). From Shannon's theory, we know that information capacity is a logarithmic function of signal-to-noise ratio, but a linear function of number of dimensions. By using pulse-positions as a basis function, we can improve the spectral efficiency of conventional PPM. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -dimensional PPM (ND-PPM) can, therefore, be used to solve the high-bandwidth requirements of future deep-space optical communications. The <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -dimensional signal constellation can be obtained as <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> -dimensional Cartesian product one-dimensional pulse-amplitude modulation constellation. The improvement of ND-PPM over PPM for <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> =8 in strong turbulence regime is even 3.21 dB at a bit-error rate (BER) of 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-5</sup> . In addition, the spectral efficiency of the proposed scheme is <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> /log <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">N</i> times better than that of PPM.
Control of Citrus Canker in Greenhouse and Field with a Zinc, Urea, and Peroxide Ternary Solution (2019)

Accumulation of toxic copper in soil and development of copper-resistant pests are emerging challenges currently faced by the agricultural community worldwide. As an alternative, we have developed a ternary zinc chelate solution (TSOL) pesticide where zinc ions are the primary active ingredient. The material is composed of zinc, urea, and hydrogen peroxide. Urea was chosen as it is widely used as a plant fertilizer and can also bind to both zinc and hydrogen peroxide. No phytotoxicity was observed with TSOL on Meyer lemon (Citrus × meyeri) seedlings at a field spray rate of 800 μg/mL Zn metal concentration. Antimicrobial studies showed that TSOL exhibited improved killing efficacy against Escherichia coli and Xanthomonas alfalfae compared to Zn ions alone. Citrus canker field trials in a grapefruit (Chrysopelea paradisi) grove over three years showed that TSOL provided comparable disease protection to copper products at an equivalent or lower metal content.
Estimating remaining life of underground tunnel concrete lining by convergence measurements (2012)

The authors propose a procedure for estimating stresses, load bearing capacity and remaining life of lining in long-term operated underground tunnels using the analytical calculations based on solving the plane elastic problem on stress-strain state of a non-circular variable-thickness ring restraining a hole in a linearly deformed medium, and by the in situ measurement data.
Electrophysiologic Characteristics and Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation in Patients with Clockwise Atrial Flutter (1997)

Counterclockwise and clockwise atrial flutters may have overlapping slow conduction areas with different exit sites. Radiofrequency catheter ablation using the linear method directed at the IVC-TA and CSO-TA isthmuses was feasible and effective in treating both forms of atrial flutter.
Overexpressed Claudin-1 Can Be Visualized Endoscopically in Colonic Adenomas In Vivo (2015)

Claudin-1 is overexpressed in premalignant colonic lesions, and can be detected endoscopically in vivo with a near-infrared, labeled peptide.
A STEREOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 2-AMINO-2-DEOXY-<scp>d</scp>-RIBOSE (1982)

Abstract 2-Benzyloxycarbonylamino-2-deoxy-d-ribose was conveniently synthesized via α-chloro-β-hydroxyester prepared from 2,3-O-isopropylidene-d-glyceraldehyde and ethoxyacetylene by the stereoselective aldol reaction.
The Intermaxillary Relationship with the Aid of a Modified Axiography (1989)

The purpose of this article is to relate a methodology for using an adjustable articulator with the help of axiography. Axiography revealed the true rotation axis, which allowed the cast of the mandible to be mounted without losing the established reference plane. In doing so, the new position of the mandible was stabilized with the aid of a reposition splint, which proved to be very successful.
Flow Modeling and Comparative Analysis for a New Generation of Wireline Formation Tester Modules (2014)

Abstract Wireline formation testing (WFT) is an integral part of reservoir evaluation strategy in both exploration and production settings worldwide. Application examples include fluid gradient determination, downhole sampling, fluid scanning in transition zones, as well as interval pressure transient tests (IPTTs). Until recently, however, formation testing was still challenging and prone to failure when testing in low-mobility, unconsolidated, or heavy-oil-bearing formations, especially with single-probe type tools. A new-generation WFT module with a 3D radial probe expands the operating envelope. By using multiple fluid drains spaced circumferentially around the tool, the new module can sample in tighter formations and sustain higher pressure differentials while providing mechanical support to the borehole wall. We performed a detailed flow modeling-based analysis of the contamination cleanup behavior during fluid sampling with the new module. Using both miscible (sampling oil in oil-based mud) and immiscible (sampling oil in water-based mud) contamination models we studied the cleanup behavior over a wide range of formation properties and operating conditions. Comparison of the cleanup performance of the new module with the performance of conventional single-probe tools demonstrates that the new module is 10 to 20 times faster than the single-probe tools when sampling in tight formations. Finally, we also compared the new module against the sampling performance of dual packers and a focused probe. This work is directly relevant to the planning and fundamental understanding of wireline fluid sampling. The key contributions are miscible and immiscible contamination cleanup models that include the effect of tool storage, a comprehensive analysis of contamination cleanup behavior for the new-generation WFT module with comparisons against conventional single-probe, focused probe, and dual-packer tools, and a characterization of fluid sampling conditions versus the preferred type of sampling tool. Introduction A logical start for any wireline formation testing (WFT) operation is a tool string design that considers the formation evaluation objectives and expected formation and fluid properties. With the current availability of an arsenal of probes having different shapes, focused probes of circular or elongated design, and dual packers, this planning stage has now become a more complex process. The recently introduced 3D radial probe (Al Otaibi et al. 2012; Flores de Dios et al. 2012) adds another choice for the engineers in planning WFT surveys.
Therapeutic Drug Monitoring of HIV Protease Inhibitors Using High-Performance Liquid Chromatography With Ultraviolet or Photodiode Array Detection (2001)

Published data suggest that therapeutic drug monitoring of human immunodeficiency virus protease inhibitors would improve the management of antiretroviral therapy. The authors have developed a high-pressure liquid chromatographic assay allowing simultaneous determination of six protease inhibitors (ritonavir, saquinavir, indinavir, nelfinavir, amprenavir, and lopinavir), using carbamazepine as internal standard. Detection was based on a dual wavelength ultraviolet spectrophotometer and can be improved by the use of a photodiode array detector. Monitoring was performed 1 month after initiation of therapy or in instances of therapeutic failure, side effects, suspicion of noncompliance, drug interactions, or malabsorption. Trough concentrations were 0.15 to 13.6 mg/L for ritonavir, 0.06 to 9.7 mg/L for indinavir, 0.03 to 5.5 mg/L for saquinavir, and 0.15 to 4.15 mg/L for nelfinavir. Concentrations below the limit of quantification were observed in 63/438 (14%) of the patients. Target concentrations are not well established, and reported in vitro inhibitory concentrations may be of limited value. The authors therefore chose to compare observed concentrations with mean plasma concentrations reported in clinical trials. Observed saquinavir and indinavir concentrations were often below or close to these target concentrations, particularly when used as a single protease inhibitor. Concentration-controlled studies should now be used to select proper target concentrations for each protease inhibitor, either prescribed alone or in combination.
Faraday Effect in Long Telecom Fibers with Randomly Varying Birefringence (2006)

We measure relative propagation delay between two orthogonally polarized pulses in long fibers in the presence of a weak axial magnetic field (~50μT). We find that the fiber birefringence modifies the Faraday polarization eigenstates, which became noncircular and wander in time.
Bio-inspired constructs for sustainable energy production and use (2007)

La production d'energie en continu pour les besoins de l'Homme a partir de systemes bio-inspires et de sources d'energie renouvelable basees sur le solaire est realisable. Cependant, plusieurs defis doivent etre releves pour atteindre ce but. L'une des solutions consiste a coupler de maniere efficace la force electromotrice de l'oxydation de l'eau a la production de carburants par voie d'electrosynthese reductrice. Tout d'abord pour l'electrolyse de l'eau, l'utilisation efficace de l'energie solaire necessite d'oxyder l'eau a de faibles surpotentiels, prouesse realisee par plusieurs enzymes dans le monde du vivant. Mais pour etre utilisees dans ce contexte, ces enzymes doivent etre detournees de leur source usuelle de potentiel d'oxydation vers d'autres formes comme la force electromotrice dans un conducteur metallique. Les catalyseurs biologiques peuvent aussi utiliser les electrons produits par ces reactions d'oxydation afin de synthetiser des composes a faible nombre d'atomes de carbone riches en energie (ou de l'hydrogene), avec de faibles surpotentiels et sans trop de reactions secondaires. Mais encore une fois, pour ce faire, il serait important de faire basculer ces catalyseurs naturels de leur source de potentiel de reduction vers des potentiels d'un conducteur metallique, ou vers d'autres formes de potentiel de reduction. Dans ce but, nous avons construit dans une premiere etape un systeme hybride inspire de la cellule de Gratzel, systeme dans lequel la photoanode, constituee de nanoparticules d'un semi-conducteur a large bande interdite et fonctionnalisee par un photosensibilisateur de type porphyrine, est utilisee pour la conversion photochimique de la biomasse en hydrogene.
Sequencing and characterization of the <i>sdaB</i> gene from <i>Escherichia coli</i> K‐12 (1993)

The sdaB gene which codes for the second L-serine deaminase (L-SD) of Escherichia coli K-12 has been sequenced and shown to be very similar to the sdaA gene which codes for the first L-serine deaminase. sdaB is transcribed in rich medium, particularly in the absence of glucose, and is under the control of catabolite activator protein. A mutation which established expression of the sdaB gene and synthesis of L-serine deaminase 2 in minimal medium has been demonstrated to result in a change in the ribosome-binding site of the sdaB gene.
Results of Investigation of Multicell Converters With Balancing Circuit—Part I (2009)

This paper presents the results of an investigation of the multilevel multicell converters with a passive <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RLC</i> balancing circuit applied for the maintenance of the voltage sharing on the capacitive sources of the converters. The topologies of DC/DC, AC/AC, DC/AC, and AC/DC multicell converters were analyzed. For the purpose of multilevel modulation, a multicell converter employs several capacitors that are connected to every cell-the flying capacitors, charged to a given level of voltage. An inadequate relation between the voltages across the flying capacitors (the unbalance state) results in the increase of the voltages above their rated values across the switches. An <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RLC</i> series circuit (a balancing circuit) with the properly selected resonance frequency is connected in parallel to the load in order to eliminate the unbalance. The balancing process with the use of passive <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">RLC</i> depends on the configuration and parameters of the balancing circuit, the parameters of the converter, as well as on the operating conditions. This paper presents the mathematical description of both the converter and the balancing process, the balancing circuit approach in the different topologies of the multicell converters, a selection of the balancing circuit parameters, and the analysis of the improper control conditions.
Si multiprobes integrated with lateral actuators for independent scanning probe applications (2005)

Silicon SPM multiprobes having lateral actuators with a very small pitch were microfabricated and evaluated for independent parallel operations and nanomaterial characterizations. Two types of 1 × 4 probe array were developed. In order to treat smaller objects, the distance between each cantilever tip was produced to be as small as possible. The inter-tip distance is about 7 µm. In addition, the cantilevers of the multiprobes had comb drive actuators that enable individual probes to move horizontally. More flexibility in SPM operation was obtained with these individual self-movement probes possibly opening up new applications in nanotechnology. Using the microfabricated multiprobes, the characterization of the electric properties of a carbon nanotube by a two-probe measurement and the manipulation of a microlens were demonstrated.
Expressional control of the ‘constitutive’ isoforms of nitric oxide synthase (NOS I and NOS III) (1998)

Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) exists in three established isoforms. NOS I (NOS1, ncNOS) was originally discovered in neurons. This enzyme and splice variants thereof have since been found in many other cells and tissues. NOS II (NOS2, iNOS) was first identified in murine macrophages, but can also be induced in many other cell types. NOS III (NOS3, ecNOS) is expressed mainly in endothelial cells. Whereas NOS II is a transcriptionally regulated enzyme, NOS I and NOS III are considered constitutively expressed proteins. However, evidence generated in recent years indicates that these two isoforms are also subject to expressional regulation. In view of the important biological functions of these isoforms, changes in their expression may have physiological and pathophysiological consequences. This review recapitulates compounds and conditions that modulate the expression of NOS I and NOS III, summarizes transcriptional and posttranscriptional effects that underlie these changes, and-where known-describes the molecular mechanisms leading to changes in transcription, RNA stability, or translation of these enzymes.
Magnetic printing technique for perpendicular thin films media with high coercivity of up to 10000 oersted (2004)

In this paper, we addresses the issues of whether the magnetic printing designed for perpendicular media can be satisfactorily carried out using the media with high coercivity of up to 10000 Oe.
Antimetastatic Activities of Synthetic Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) and Arg-Leu-Asp-Ser (RLDS) Peptide Analogues and Their Inhibitory Mechanisms. (1995)

We have investigated the inhibitory effect of the N-terminal modified Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser (RGDS) analogues, AcDRGDS and AcDRLDS, on tumor cell adhesion to the components of extracellular matrix and basement membrane, and also tested the antimetastatic effect of their conjugates with trimesic acid, Ar(DRGDS)3 and Ar(DRLDS)3. AcDRGDS significantly inhibited tumor cell adhesion to fibronectin, vitronectin and RGDS substrates, but not to CS1 substrate which is a ligand for the alpha 4 beta 1 tumor surface integrin receptor. In contrast, AcDRLDS variant peptide significantly inhibited tumor cell adhesion to laminin, in addition to RGDS-mediated adhesion to fibronectin and vitronectin. AcDRLDS also inhibited tumor cell adhesion to CS1 as well as the RGDS sequence within the fibronectin molecule in a concentration-dependent manner, although the inhibitory effect was less than that of the CS1 (EILDV) peptide. Ar(DRLDS)3 inhibited the laminin- and fibronectin-mediated invasion and migration of tumor cells, whereas Ar(DRGDS)3 selectively inhibited fibronectin-mediated invasion and migration. Ar(DRGDS)3 and Ar(DRLDS)3 were much more effective in inhibiting experimental lung or liver metastases of various types of murine and human tumors than the original RGDS-containing peptides or Ar(COONa)3. Multiple administrations of Ar(DRGDS)3 or Ar(DRLDS)3 potently inhibited spontaneous lung metastasis produced by intra-footpad injection of B16-BL6 cells without affecting the primary tumor size at the time of surgical excision, as compared with RGDS peptide or untreated control. Thus, Ar(DRGDS)3 and Ar(DRLDS)3 substantially increased the exhibiting any antimetastatic effect of the peptides without direct cytotoxicity.
CHEMISTRY GETS A NEW CHAMPION (2003)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCHEMISTRY GETS A NEW CHAMPIONNew BASF logo emphasizes 'chemical company' identityPATRICIA SHORTCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2003, 81, 50, 7Publication Date (Print):December 15, 2003Publication History Published online13 November 2010Published inissue 15 December 2003https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v081n050.p007ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v081n050.p007anewsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2003 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Color Get e-Alerts
A modified Gaussian similarity measure for clustering software components and documents (2014)

An accountable set of dynamic changes are happening on day to day basis in the software industry. So the change is the inevitable and heart of the software industry. Although many software processes and models, tools, standards exist and practices are set, still the industry is facing huge challenge in the design, build and reuse of software components, thereby facing an issue in delivering an effective software product of high quality within a short time meeting customer expectations. Eventually, there is a critical need to throw a light in the direction of understanding related software components and methods to identify similar components so that the components of similar nature may be clustered as a single group. In this paper we propose a novel similarity measure by modifying the Gaussian function. The similarity measure designed is used to cluster the text documents and may be extended to cluster software components and program codes. The similarity measure is efficient as it covers the two sides of the term-axes.
Identification of a Novel Protein Synthesis Inhibitor Active against Gram‐Positive Bacteria (2012)

In an effort to identify novel antibacterial chemotypes, we performed a whole-cell screen for inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus growth and pursued those compounds with previously uncharacterized antibacterial activity. This process resulted in the identification of a benzothiazolium salt, ABTZ-1, that displayed potent antibacterial activity against Gram-positive pathogens. Several clinically desirable qualities were demonstrated for ABTZ-1 including potent activity against multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE), retention of this activity in human serum, and low hemolytic activity. The antibacterial activity of ABTZ-1 was attributed to its inhibition of bacterial translation, as this compound prevented the incorporation of [³⁵S]methionine into S. aureus proteins, and ABTZ-1-resistant strains were cross-resistant to known inhibitors of bacterial translation. ABTZ-1 represents a promising new class of antibacterial agents.