gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Epitope Specificity of CD44 for Monoclonal Antibody–Dependent Facilitation of Marrow Engraftment in a Canine Model (1998)

Primary graft rejection after marrow transplantation occurs more frequently in patients receiving HLA-haploidentical compared with HLA-identical sibling transplants. Both human and experimental animal data suggest that the cells responsible for this phenomenon are either host natural killer (NK) cells, T cells, or both. To investigate the mechanisms of graft rejection, we have developed a canine model of marrow transplantation, which uses DLA-nonidentical unrelated donors in the absence of postgrafting immunosuppression. In this model most animals rejected their marrow grafts after a preparative regimen of 9.2 Gy total body irradiation (TBI). However, engraftment of DLA-nonidentical marrow can be facilitated when the recipients are pretreated with monoclonal antibody (MoAb) S5, which recognizes CD44. In this report, we extended these observations by first cloning the canine CD44 and, next, mapping the epitope recognized by S5, which was located in a region conserved among human and canine CD44 and was distinct from the hyaluronan binding domain. However, in vitro binding of S5 caused a conformational change in CD44, which allowed increased hyaluronan binding. Then, we reexamined the in vivo model of marrow transplantation and compared results with MoAb S5 to those with two other anti-CD44 MoAbs, IM7 and S3. Only MoAb S5 significantly increased the engraftment rate of DLA-nonidentical unrelated marrow, whereas the two other anti-CD44 MoAbs were ineffective. The enhanced in vivo effect was not related to differences in the MoAbs' avidities, since both S5 and IM7 had equivalent binding to CD44, but most likely related to the specific epitope that S5 recognizes. Thus, this study shows that the effect of the anti-CD44 MoAb S5 in facilitating engraftment is epitope specific and if one is to use an anti-CD44 to facilitate engraftment of marrow in humans, one cannot assume that any anti-CD44 would work.
Evidence of Non-Local Physical, Chemical and Biological Effects Supports Quantum Brain (2007)

Previously we carried out experiments from the perspective of our spin-mediated consciousness theory to test the possibility of quantum-entangling the quantum entities inside the brain with those of an external chemical substance. We found that applying magnetic pulses to the brain when an anesthetic was placed in between caused the brain to feel the effect of said anesthetic as if the test subject had actually inhaled the same. We further found that drinking water exposed to magnetic pulses, laser light or microwave when an anesthetic was placed in between also causes brain effects in various degrees. Through additional experiments, we verified that the said brain effect was indeed the consequence of quantum entanglement. These results defy common belief that quantum entanglement alone cannot be used to transmit information and support the possibility of a quantum brain. While our reported results are under independent verifications by other groups, we report here our experimental findings of non-local chemical, thermal and gravitational effects in simple physical systems such as reservoirs of water quantum-entangled with water being manipulated in a remote reservoir. With the aids of high-precision instruments, we have found that the pH value, temperature and gravity of a liquid such as water in the detecting reservoirs can be non-locally affected through manipulating water in the remote reservoir. In particular, the pH value changes in the same direction as that being manipulated; the temperature can change against that of local environment; and the gravity can change against local gravity. These non-local effects are all reproducible, surprisingly robust and support a quantum brain theory such as our spin mediated consciousness theory. They can be used for non-local signaling and many other purposes. We suggest that they are mediated by quantum entanglement between nuclear and/or electron spins in the treated liquids and discuss the profound implications of these results.
On the Nature of Anticoagulant Action of Rare Earth Metals. (1955)

The nature of the inhibition of blood coagulation by rare earth metals in vitro is their action on prothrombin in the blood and to inhibit its activation to thrombin. Such action in vivo includes, besides the same direct action on blood, their action on the liver cells to inhibit the formation of prothrombin.
Harvesting Environmental Microalgal Blooms for Remediation and Resource Recovery: A Laboratory Scale Investigation with Economic and Microbial Community Impact Assessment (2017)

A laboratory based microflotation rig termed efficient FLOtation of Algae Technology (eFLOAT) was used to optimise parameters for harvesting microalgal biomass from eutrophic water systems. This was performed for the dual objectives of remediation (nutrient removal) and resource recovery. Preliminary experiments demonstrated that chitosan was more efficient than alum for flocculation of biomass and the presence of bacteria could play a positive role and reduce flocculant application rates under the natural conditions tested. Maximum biomass removal from a hyper-eutrophic water retention pond sample was achieved with 5 mg·L<sup>-1</sup> chitosan (90% Chlorophyll <i>a</i> removal). Harvesting at maximum rates showed that after 10 days, the bacterial diversity is significantly increased with reduced cyanobacteria, indicating improved ecosystem functioning. The resource potential within the biomass was characterized by 9.02 μg phosphate, 0.36 mg protein, and 103.7 μg lipid per mg of biomass. Fatty acid methyl ester composition was comparable to pure cultures of microalgae, dominated by C16 and C18 chain lengths with saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. Finally, the laboratory data was translated into a full-size and modular eFLOAT system, with estimated costs as a novel eco-technology for efficient algal bloom harvesting.
Flag fault-tolerant error correction for cyclic CSS codes (2018)

Fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTEC) protocol is one of the most important components for a fault-tolerant simulation of a quantum circuit. It helps prevent error accumulation during the process which may cause the computation to fail. In a physical implementation of fault-tolerant circuits, the number of required ancilla qubits for the FTEC protocol can be a major concern because it grows exponentially as the level of concatenation increases whereas the resources are limited. Recently, the idea of using flag qubits to detect high-weight errors caused by fewer faults in syndrome extraction circuits has been proposed. The use of flag qubits allows the construction of fault-tolerant protocols with the fewest number of ancillas known to-date. In this work, some critical properties of CSS codes constructed from classical cyclic codes that enable the construction of a flag fault-tolerant error correction scheme are proved, and a fault-tolerant protocol along with a family of circuits for flag fault-tolerant error correction are given. The flag-FTEC protocol proposed in this work requires only four ancilla qubits and applicable to CSS codes of distance 3 constructed from classical cyclic codes.
<i>MET</i> Amplification and Exon 14 Splice Site Mutation Define Unique Molecular Subgroups of Non–Small Cell Lung Carcinoma with Poor Prognosis (2016)

The high incidence of METΔ14 mutation in sarcomatoid carcinoma suggested that MET inhibition might benefit this specific subgroup of patients. Clin Cancer Res; 22(12); 3048-56. ©2016 AACRSee related commentary by Drilon, p. 2832.
Shape Selective Epoxidation of Alkenes Catalyzed by Titanosilicate (1990)

Abstract Epoxidation of 1- and 2-hexenes with H2O2 was catalyzed by titanosilicate whereas cyclohexene failed to be oxidized by this catalyst system. This shape selectivity was ascribed to the molecular sieving action of titanosilicate. The rates for epoxidation of linear alkenes decreased with increasing the chain length.
The effect of saccharic alcohols on rheological parameters of dental anti-inflammatory gels and on pharmaceutical availability of sodium ibuprofen. (2007)

A prescription of model dental anti-inflammatory gels has been worked out on the base of cellulose derivatives with the content of saccharic alcohols: xylitol and sorbitol. The effect of saccharic alcohol on rheological parameters (extensibility and viscosity) of the produced gels was tested. Taking into account application, the most beneficial results of rheological tests were obtained for gels containing in their prescription both xylitol and sorbitol in the quantity ratio 1:1. These gels are characterised by high extensibility, low viscosity and low value of yield stress. Theoretical diffusion coefficient of sodium ibuprofen calculated on the basis of viscosity measurements points to the highest pharmaceutical availability of therapeutic agent from model gels with xylitol and sorbitol. The above has been confirmed by in vitro studies of the sodium ibuprofen kinetics of release from gel to the dialysis fluid.
Combinatorial Studies of Si<sub>1−<i>x</i></sub>O<i><sub>x</sub></i>as a Potential Negative Electrode Material for Li-Ion Battery Applications (2013)

Thin films of Si1−xOx were produced using combinatorial sputtering methods. X-ray diffraction studies of these films show that they are amorphous or nanostructured. The effect of oxygen content on the electrochemical performance of these materials was studied. The reversible specific capacity (between 0.005 and 0.9 V) agrees with the assumption that Si1−xOx is made up of amorphous silicon, which can react to form Li3.75Si, and amorphous SiO2, which reacts to form Li4SiO4. The irreversible capacity increases with oxygen content when measured to a potential limit of 0.9 V vs Li/Li+ but further Li can be extracted from sites presumably near oxygen up to a potential of 2.0 V vs Li/Li+. However, such potentials for the negative electrode would not be reached in a full Li-ion cell. This work shows that the oxygen content in Si1−xOx should be optimized to produce materials with a reasonable active/inactive ratio in order to have electrodes with the desired specific capacity, an appropriate irreversible capacity and an appropriate amount of inactive phase to buffer volume expansion.
ChemInform Abstract: METALLORGANISCHE LEWIS‐BASEN 11. MITT. VERSUCHE ZUM AUFBAU DREIKERNIGER METALL‐CARBONYL‐KOMPLEXE (1973)

Abstract Die Norbomadien‐Komplexe (I) liefern bei Reaktion mit (II) die Verbindungen (III), von denen (IIIa) mit Pentacarbonylmangannatrium (IV) das gewünschte Produkt (V) gibt.
América Latina: En el Nombre del Dominio: Naturaleza Jurídica de los Nombres de Dominio (2006)

La presente investigacion es un acercamiento juridico a la naturaleza del nombre de dominio. Es pues tambien parte de esta investigacion la naturaleza de los codigos de ccTLDs, asi como la naturaleza de los contratos de los administradores, su relacion con los Estados, la accion del ICANN, entre otros temas relevantes. Este trabajo es inedito, aunque partes del mismo esten basados en otros articulos e investigaciones que el autor ha producido, asimismo esta version se encuentra en proceso de actualizacion para su edicion en papel.
Effect of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine on the viability and radiosensitivity of EMT6 cells in vitro. (1992)

EMT6 mouse mammary tumor cells were used to examine the cytotoxic effects of 2',2'-difluorodeoxycytidine (gemcitabine; dFdC) alone and in combination with radiation. The cytotoxicity of dFdC differed from that of most antimetabolites. The concentration-response curve for exponentially growing cells treated for 4 hr with various drug concentrations was exponential down to a surviving fraction of 0.05; thus, dFdC appeared to kill cells in all phases of the cell cycle, rather than killing only the S-phase cells that compose approximately 50% of the cell population. High concentrations of dFdC were toxic to cells in plateau phase EMT6 cultures, as well as to cells in rapidly proliferating cultures. These findings are thought to reflect the unusual cellular pharmacokinetics of the compound. Treatment of exponentially growing cultures with dFdC before, during, and after irradiation was extremely effective in killing the cells; the survival curves for cells treated with drug plus radiation were statistically compatible with either additive cytotoxicity or a synergistic effect (i.e., radiosensitization by dFdC). These studies also provided evidence that dFdC released by dying cells could produce delayed cytotoxic effects on cells not treated directly with dFdC. These data provide several bases for expecting beneficial therapeutic effects from antineoplastic regimens combining dFdC plus radiation.
<title>Fingerprint recognition using binary joint transform correlators with constant false alarm rate</title> (1997)

This study is an experimental analysis of a binary joint transform based fingerprint verification system. A constant false alarm rate performance analysis is used. Correct detection of matching prints is defined as a valid pass. Correct (non)detection of unmatched prints is a valid reject. Rejection of matching prints is a false alarm, and passing unmatched prints is a false pass. In this evaluation, the probability of false alarm is fixed by the detection threshold setting, and the resulting probability of false pass is analyzed. It is shown that for print rotations up to +/- 3 degrees a false alarm rate of 1 percent can be maintained with a probability of false pass of less than 5 percent. For a smaller acceptance window on the print rotation, better performance can be obtained. Experimental and simulation data is presented.
The HP-1 maquette: From an apoprotein structure to a structured hemoprotein designed to promote redox-coupled proton exchange (2004)

Synthetic heme-binding four-alpha-helix bundles show promise as working model systems, maquettes, for understanding heme cofactor-protein assembly and function in oxidoreductases. Despite successful inclusion of several key functional elements of natural proteins into a family of heme protein maquettes, the lack of 3D structures, due principally to conformational heterogeneity, has prevented them from achieving their full potential. We report here the design and synthesis of HP-1, a disulfide-bridged two-alpha-helix peptide that self-assembles to form an antiparallel twofold symmetric diheme four-alpha-helix bundle protein with a stable conformation on the NMR time-scale. The HP-1 design strategy began with the x-ray crystal structure of the apomaquette L31M, an apomaquette derived from the structurally heterogeneous tetraheme-binding H10H24 prototype. L31M was functionally redesigned to accommodate two hemes ligated to histidines and to retain the strong coupling of heme oxidation-reduction to glutamate acid-base transitions and proton exchange that was characterized in molten globule predecessors. Heme insertion was modeled with angular constraints statistically derived from natural proteins, and the pattern of hydrophobic and hydrophilic residues on each helix was then altered to account for this large structural reorganization. The transition to structured holomaquette involved the alteration of 6 of 31 residues in each of the four identical helices and, unlike our earlier efforts, required no design intermediates. Oxidation-reduction of both hemes displays an unusually low midpoint potential (-248 mV vs. normal hydrogen electrode at pH 9.0), which is strongly coupled to proton binding, as designed.
Perfusion MRI of U87 brain tumors in a mouse model (2004)

Abstract Continuous arterial spin labeling (CASL) was used to obtain an index of cerebral blood flow (ICBF) in the normal mouse brain and in an orthotopic mouse model of human U87 high‐grade glioma at 8.5 T. Under the assumption of a constant tissue:blood partition coefficient for water in different tissues, the mean ICBF (n = 14) was found to be 50 ± 9 mL/100g/min for tumor core and 209 ± 11 mL/100g/min for normal tissue. The apparent T 1 ( T 1app ) was 2.01 ± 0.06 sec for tumor core and 1.66 ± 0.03 sec for normal tissue. The ICBF and the T 1app values were significantly different ( P < 0.001) between these two regions. The detailed changes of ICBF and T 1app in the transition from the tumor core through the tumor periphery to surrounding tissue were studied. Immunohistochemistry indicated that tumor vascularity was not uniform, with microvessel density highest in normal brain and the tissue surrounding the tumor and lowest in the tumor core. The large difference in ICBF between the tumor core and normal tissue suggests that this index might be useful for the assessment of the efficacy of antiangiogenic therapy. Magn Reson Med 51:893–899, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
T cell reactivity to an epitope of the mycobacterial 65‐kDa heat‐shock protein (hsp 65) corresponds with arthritis susceptibility in rats and is regulated by hsp 65‐specific cellular responses (1991)

Adjuvant arthritis (AA) can be induced in genetically susceptible rats by immunization with heat-killed mycobacteria suspended in mineral oil. From our analysis of arthritogenic T cell clone A2b, obtained from an arthritic Lewis rat and specific for the 180-188 epitope of mycobacterial 65-kDa heat-shock protein (hsp 65), the possible origin of AA was explained by the existence of a molecular mimicry of the 180-188 epitope with a cartilage-associated self antigen. We now have shown that Lewis rats respond to the 180-188 epitope after Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunization and that arthritis-resistant Fisher and (Lewis x Fisher)F1 rats, although major histocompatibility complex class II identical with Lewis, do not respond to this epitope. However, in rare cases of arthritis in Fisher rats, responses to the epitope were seen. We obtained no evidence for a defect at the level of antigen processing and presentation or for suppression in Fisher rats. Thus, non-responsiveness in Fisher rats was likely due to a difference at the level of the T cell repertoire. Previously, we have reported that pretreatment with hsp 65 in experimental arthritis, and not only in AA, caused resistance to arthritis induction. We now present evidence that immunization with hsp 65 or in vitro stimulation with hsp 65 may lead to inhibition of responses specific for epitope 180-188. Thus the hsp 65-induced resistance to arthritis is probably caused by the induction of regulatory control specifically targeted at the 180-188 epitope. Especially in rats that tend to focus their responses on the critical 180-188 sequence, such as Lewis, regulation seems to develop following immunization with hsp 65. Since recent evidence suggests that hsp 65 and also the 180-188 epitope have a role in human arthritic conditions, the present findings are expected to contribute to further experimentation directed at exploiting hsp 65 or its epitopes for the development of new therapeutical approaches in humans.
Serum Phosphate Levels and Mortality Risk among People with Chronic Kidney Disease (2004)

Elevated serum phosphate levels have been linked with vascular calcification and mortality among dialysis patients. The relationship between phosphate and mortality has not been explored among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). A retrospective cohort study was conducted from eight Veterans Affairs' Medical Centers located in the Pacific Northwest. CKD was defined by two continuously abnormal outpatient serum creatinine measurements at least 6 mo apart between 1999 and 2002. Patients who received chronic dialysis, those with a present or previous renal transplant, and those without a recent phosphate measurement were excluded. The primary end point was all-cause mortality. Secondary end points were acute myocardial infarction and the combined end point of myocardial infarction plus death. A total of 95,619 veterans with at least one primary care or internal medicine clinic contact from a Northwest VA facility and two or more outpatient measurements of serum creatinine, at least 6 mo apart, between January 1, 1999, and December 31, 2002, were identified. From this eligible population, 7021 patients met our definition of CKD. After exclusions, 6730 CKD patients were available for analysis, and 3490 had a serum phosphate measurement during the previous 18 mo. After adjustment, serum phosphate levels >3.5 mg/dl were associated with a significantly increased risk for death. Mortality risk increased linearly with each subsequent 0.5-mg/dl increase in serum phosphate levels. Elevated serum phosphate levels were independently associated with increased mortality risk among this population of patients with CKD.
Anatomical model matching with fuzzy implicit surfaces for segmentation of thoracic volume scans (1999)

Many segmentation methods for thoracic volume data require manual input in the form of a seed point, initial contour, volume of interest etc. The aim of the work presented here is to further automate this segmentation initialization step. In this paper an anatomical modeling and matching method is proposed to coarsely segment thoracic volume data into anatomically labeled regions. An anatomical model of the thorax is constructed in two steps: 1) individual organs are modeled with blended fuzzy implicit surfaces and 2) the single organ models are grouped into a tree structure with a solid modeling technique named constructive solid geometry (CSG). The combination of CSG with fuzzy implicit surfaces allows a hierarchical scene description by means of a boundary model, which characterizes the scene volume as a boundary potential function. From this boundary potential, an energy function is defined which is minimal when the model is registered to the tissue-air transitions in thoracic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data. This allows automatic registration in three steps: feature detection, initial positioning and energy minimization. The model matching has been validated in phantom simulations and on 15 clinical thoracic volume scans from different subjects. In 13 of these sets the matching method accurately partitioned the image volumes into a set of volumes of interest for the heart, lungs, cardiac ventricles, and thorax outlines. The method is applicable to segmentation of various types of thoracic MR-images, provided that a large part of the thorax is contained in the image volume.
Real-Time Gaze Estimator Based on Driver's Head Orientation for Forward Collision Warning System (2011)

This paper presents a vision-based real-time gaze zone estimator based on a driver's head orientation composed of yaw and pitch. Generally, vision-based methods are vulnerable to the wearing of eyeglasses and image variations between day and night. The proposed method is novel in the following four ways: First, the proposed method can work under both day and night conditions and is robust to facial image variation caused by eyeglasses because it only requires simple facial features and not specific features such as eyes, lip corners, and facial contours. Second, an ellipsoidal face model is proposed instead of a cylindrical face model to exactly determine a driver's yaw. Third, we propose new features—the normalized mean and the standard deviation of the horizontal edge projection histogram—to reliably and rapidly estimate a driver's pitch. Fourth, the proposed method obtains an accurate gaze zone by using a support vector machine. Experimental results from 200 000 images showed that the root mean square errors of the estimated yaw and pitch angles are below 7 under both daylight and nighttime conditions. Equivalent results were obtained for drivers with glasses or sunglasses, and 18 gaze zones were accurately estimated using the proposed gaze estimation method.