gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Analysis of JMAPS Instrument Thermal Control System (2013)

The Joint Milli-Arcsecond Pathfinder Survey (JMAPS) is a Department of the Navy space astronomy mission. The goal of the mission is to update the bright star catalogs for the purpose of attitude determination. The JMAPS instrument consists of a single-aperture optical telescope assembly (OTA), Focal Plane Assembly (FPA) and supporting electronics. The FPA needs to be maintained below 193K with a stability requirement of less than 10mK. Also, the stringent optical distortion budget levies an additional stability requirement of less than 0.15K on the OTA over a period of five days. Lastly, the JMAPS jitter specification compels the instrument thermal control system (TCS) to be passive (i.e. containing no mechanical moving parts). This paper presents the design, analytical simulations, and results of some component testing of the TCS to demonstrate how it meets the challenging JMAPS thermal requirements.
1153. Silicon–nitrogen and silicon–sulphur compounds as intermediates in the preparation of certain organic compounds (1964)

E. W. Abel and D. A. Armitage, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 5975 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640005975
Arterial Spin Labeling (ASL) fMRI: Advantages, Theoretical Constrains and Experimental Challenges in Neurosciences (2012)

Cerebral blood flow (CBF) is a well-established correlate of brain function and therefore an essential parameter for studying the brain at both normal and diseased states. Arterial spin labeling (ASL) is a noninvasive fMRI technique that uses arterial water as an endogenous tracer to measure CBF. ASL provides reliable absolute quantification of CBF with higher spatial and temporal resolution than other techniques. And yet, the routine application of ASL has been somewhat limited. In this review, we start by highlighting theoretical complexities and technical challenges of ASL fMRI for basic and clinical research. While underscoring the main advantages of ASL versus other techniques such as BOLD, we also expound on inherent challenges and confounds in ASL perfusion imaging. In closing, we expound on several exciting developments in the field that we believe will make ASL reach its full potential in neuroscience research.
CAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma: recent clinical advances and future challenges (2018)

In patients with certain hematologic malignancies, the use of autologous T cells genetically modified to express chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has led to unprecedented clinical responses. Although progress in solid tumors has been elusive, recent clinical studies have demonstrated the feasibility and safety of CAR T-cell therapy for glioblastoma. In addition, despite formidable barriers to T-cell localization and effector function in glioblastoma, signs of efficacy have been observed in select patients. In this review, we begin with a discussion of established obstacles to systemic therapy in glioblastoma and how these may be overcome by CAR T cells. We continue with a summary of previously published CAR T-cell trials in GBM, and end by outlining the key therapeutic challenges associated with the use of CAR T cells in this disease.
Predicting the Antigenic Structure of the Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza Virus Hemagglutinin (2009)

The pandemic influenza virus (2009 H1N1) was recently introduced into the human population. The hemagglutinin (HA) gene of 2009 H1N1 is derived from "classical swine H1N1" virus, which likely shares a common ancestor with the human H1N1 virus that caused the pandemic in 1918, whose descendant viruses are still circulating in the human population with highly altered antigenicity of HA. However, information on the structural basis to compare the HA antigenicity among 2009 H1N1, the 1918 pandemic, and seasonal human H1N1 viruses has been lacking. By homology modeling of the HA structure, here we show that HAs of 2009 H1N1 and the 1918 pandemic virus share a significant number of amino acid residues in known antigenic sites, suggesting the existence of common epitopes for neutralizing antibodies cross-reactive to both HAs. It was noted that the early human H1N1 viruses isolated in the 1930s-1940s still harbored some of the original epitopes that are also found in 2009 H1N1. Interestingly, while 2009 H1N1 HA lacks the multiple N-glycosylations that have been found to be associated with an antigenic change of the human H1N1 virus during the early epidemic of this virus, 2009 H1N1 HA still retains unique three-codon motifs, some of which became N-glycosylation sites via a single nucleotide mutation in the human H1N1 virus. We thus hypothesize that the 2009 H1N1 HA antigenic sites involving the conserved amino acids will soon be targeted by antibody-mediated selection pressure in humans. Indeed, amino acid substitutions predicted here are occurring in the recent 2009 H1N1 variants. The present study suggests that antibodies elicited by natural infection with the 1918 pandemic or its early descendant viruses play a role in specific immunity against 2009 H1N1, and provides an insight into future likely antigenic changes in the evolutionary process of 2009 H1N1 in the human population.
Antibodies to alcohol altered liver cell determinants in patients with alcoholic liver disease. (1984)

Circulating antibodies reacting specifically with hepatocytes isolated from ethanol pretreated rabbits have been demonstrated by two techniques - induced cytotoxicity and immunofluorescence. In the cytotoxicity assay antibodies were found in seven of 19 (39%) of patients with alcoholic fatty liver (with or without fibrosis), six of 13 (46%) of those with alcoholic hepatitis, 15 of 36 (43%) of those with cirrhosis, and seven of 14 patients (50%) of those with hepatitis and cirrhosis. In the immunofluorescence studies, nine of 15 sera induced a granular pattern of fluorescence on the ethanol pretreated hepatocytes; two sera which induced significant cytotoxicity did not induce immunofluorescence. No ethanol related antibodies were found in normal individuals or in patients with other types of acute or chronic liver disease. These results show that antibodies directed against ethanol altered liver cell determinants are present in the serum of 43% of patients with alcoholic liver disease, and suggest a mechanism whereby chronic alcohol consumption may, by inducing antigenic changes in hepatocyte membranes, trigger a cell damaging immune reaction.
Inhibition of Aromatase With CGS 16949A in Postmenopausal Women* (1989)

Potent, specific, and nontoxic inhibitors of aromatase would be useful for experimental studies and for use in the treatment of breast cancer and other disorders. We evaluated the effects of CGS 16949A, a nonsteroidal inhibitor of aromatase activity, in 12 postmenopausal women with breast cancer by measuring plasma and/or urinary androgens and estrogens after oral administration of CGS 16949A at doses ranging from 0.6-16 mg daily; each dose was given for 2 weeks. The 0.6-mg daily dose partially lowered estrogen levels, and maximum reduction occurred at doses of 2-16 mg daily. The fall in plasma and urinary estrogens without a concomitant fall in plasma androgens confirmed the blockade of aromatase activity. The degree of estrogen reduction was greatest for urinary estrone [to 27 +/- 3% (+/- SE) of basal], followed in order by plasma estrone sulfate (30 +/- 4%), plasma estrone (32 +/- 6%), urine estradiol (45 +/- 5%), and plasma estradiol (65 +/- 5%). Use of gas liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques revealed similar patterns of reduction in catechol estrogens, estriol, and total urinary estrogens, suggesting that CGS 16949A does not alter the pathways of estrogen metabolism. The degree of estrogen reduction was remarkably similar to that caused with aminoglutethimide. At doses of 4-16 mg daily, CGS 16949A inhibited the C21-hydroxylase enzyme as well, based on concomitant rises in plasma androstenedione, testosterone, and 17 alpha-hydroxyprogesterone. This effect was insufficient to lower urinary cortisol excretion during the study. However, a statistically significant blunting of plasma cortisol responses to ACTH occurred with the 16-mg daily dose. No changes in plasma dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate levels or in thyroid, hematological, liver, or renal parameters were found. No significant side-effects of the medication were encountered. CGS 16949A appears to be a specific inhibitor of aromatase at doses below 4 mg daily and to lack apparent side-effects or toxic actions at doses up to 16 mg daily. This agent shows promise as a potent aromatase inhibitor for physiological and clinical studies.
Occupancy Sensing and Prediction for Automated Energy Savings (2015)

The ability to sense and predict occupancyi.e. to establish when the residents are and will be in a building -represents a basic requirement for the energy-efficient operation of many building automation systems.In residential households, in particular, the absence of all residents allows a heating controller to automatically lower the temperature of the home, thereby saving energy that would have been otherwise wasted on heating an empty building.However, if the home has been thus allowed to cool, a boiler and heat distribution system need a non-negligible time to reheat the home to a comfortable temperature.Therefore, to avoid a loss of comfort, a heating control system also requires a sufficiently accurate prediction of when the occupants are going to return in order to trigger the heating at the right time.Since space heating accounts for a large fraction of residential energy use (e.g.68% in the European Union member states), heating control systems based on occupancy sensing and prediction -often referred to as smart thermostats -play an important role in reducing energy consumption and carbon dioxide emissions, while at the same time ensuring occupant comfort.
Ketone-body production and oxidation in fasting obese humans. (1974)

Rates of plasma acetoacetate and total ketone-body production and oxidation to CO2 were determined by an isotope tracer technique in eight obese subjects undergoing progressive starvation. After a brief fast and under conditions of mild ketonemia and minimal ketonuria, rates of acetoacetate and total ketone-body production and oxidation were directly related to the increasing plasma concentration. After a longer fast and with severer ketonemia, acetoacetate and total ketone-body production and oxidation rates were higher but became constant and unrelated to the plasma concentrations. The maximum rates of total ketone-body production and oxidation were about 150 g/24 h and 129 g/24 h, respectively. Although an increased ketone-body production was the primary factor responsible for the hyperketonemia, an imbalance between production and removal of the ketone bodies cannot be excluded. Such an imbalance could account, at least in part, for the developing hyperketonemia and for the lack of relationship between production rates and plasma concentrations.
On‐line liquid chromatography – gas chromatography for automated clean‐up and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (1992)

Abstract A fully automated system, comprising a liquid chromatograph (LC) coupled on‐line to a gas chromatograph (GC) by means of a loop interface, has been constructed for clean‐up and analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). An autosampler was utilized for sample injection into the LC. By the use of a back‐flush technique in conjunction with an ordinary analytical aminopropylsilica column, PAH could be isolated by LC: a concurrent solvent evaporation injection technique was then used for on‐line transfer of the PAH fraction to the GC, where the PAH analysis was completed. Compared with ordinary off‐line LC clean‐up followed by GC analysis, the sensitivity has been increased by a factor of 50–100, yielding a detection limit for individual PAH of a few nanograms per sample when using flame ionization detection. Further, irreproducible losses of low molecular weight PAH as a result of solvent evaporation steps in off‐line clean‐up procedures have been eliminated. Reproducibility of retention times and relative peak areas is high, facilitating automatic peak identification and calculation of concentrations, and the system can thus be used for automatic sample evaluation. The total time required for clean‐up and analysis is only 1.5 hours, and the demand on personnel time for the analysis of PAH has been drastically reduced. The technique has been demonstrated with samples of urban air and of used automobile engine lubricating oil.
Distribution of lidocaine and digoxin in heart tissues and aorta following intrapericardial administration. (1993)

The distribution of lidocaine and digoxin in myocardial and aorta tissues of open chest anesthetized dogs was studied, following the administration of 30 ml phosphate buffer solution of the drugs in the pericardial cavity where it was kept for increasing time intervals. Transfer of lidocaine (15 or 30 mg) from the solution to myocardium was almost complete within 60 min, while only 50% of digoxin (2 or 50 micrograms) was removed, and this occurred during the first 30 min. Accordingly, the absorption rate of lidocaine by heart tissues increased with time up to 60 min while that of digoxin decreased with time. Absorption of digoxin by the atria and absorption of both drugs by intrapericardial aorta were higher than that of other heart tissues, between 20 and 60 min. At 30 and 60 min, lidocaine was evenly distributed across the LV wall while digoxin 50 micrograms was mainly concentrated subepicardially. On the contrary, i.v. administration of digoxin resulted in even distribution in the LV wall without preferential concentration in the atria. The uptake of both drugs by aorta was several times lower compared to heart tissues after i.v. administration. Drug concentrations in LV wall almost at therapeutic level, were derived from solution of low concentration of the drug in the pericardial cavity. It is concluded that intrapericardial administration of the drugs may be used when increased concentration of them is desired in specific areas of the heart and the aorta.
Sustained Release of 5-Fluorouracil from Ethylene Acetate Copolymer (1989)

Pharmacologic inhibition of fibroblast proliferation and scar formation remains an important consideration in many ophthalmologic surgical procedures. Such inhibition is particularly important in glaucoma filtration surgery. A sustained release system for 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) using ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer (Elvax) was characterized in vitro. 5-FU was incorporated into Elvax discs of 4 mm diameter. Discs were coated to allow sustained and predictable release over a 14 day period. Alteration of coatings, which act as rate-controlling membranes, allowed variation in the pattern of 5-FU release from the core which acts as the drug reservoir. This system for the sustained release of 5-FU may prove valuable in glaucoma surgery where the suppression of cellular proliferation is desired. The non-inflammatory nature of Elvax suggests this compound may provide an alternative means of 5-FU delivery.
Key Performance Indicators for Assessing the Planning and Delivery of Industrial Services (2013)

The effective delivery of industrial services requires systematic approaches for planning and organizing delivery processes and network partners. In order to be able to assess the performance of the service organization, significant key performance indicators are needed. The performance of the service organization is defined by its ability to effectively assign resources such as service technicians, tools and spare parts to service tasks and its ability to implement and deliver the service processes as planned. Thus, important key performance indicators for assessing the delivery and delivery planning of product-related industrial services are presented in this paper. The relevant performance indicators are classified based on their importance for measuring planning performance and delivery performance.
Uplink-Downlink Imbalance in Wireless Cellular Networks (2007)

Uplink-downlink imbalance is a characteristic of all wireless networks which greatly impacts system performance, and must be accounted for in system design and simulation. However this property seems to have received sparse attention in literature. This paper describes imbalance, its potential sources, audits impact on traffic and overhead channel performance, soft handoff adaptive server selection, and sector load control schemes. This paper defines imbalance metrics, a model for simulating antenna imbalance, and presents simulation study of system robustness to link imbalance using cdma2000 1xEV-DO as an example.
Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Toxicology of<i>Spilanthes acmella</i>: A Review (2013)

Spilanthes acmella is an important medicinal plant, found in tropical and subtropical countries mainly India and South America. Popularly, it is known as toothache plant which reduces the pain associated with toothaches and can induce saliva secretion. Various extracts and active metabolites from various parts of this plant possess useful pharmacological activities. Literature survey proposed that it has multiple pharmacological actions, which include antifungal, antipyretic, local anaesthetic, bioinsecticide, anticonvulsant, antioxidant, aphrodisiac, analgesic, pancreatic lipase inhibitor, antimicrobial, antinociception, diuretic, vasorelaxant, anti-human immunodeficiency virus, toothache relieve and anti-inflammatory effects. This review is elaborately describing the traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and toxicology of this plant. This review would assist researchers to search scientific information in the future.
Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Growth Hormone Responses to Thyrotropin Releasing Hormone in Anorexia Nervosa (1981)

Ten female patients who satisfied objective criteria for the diagnosis of anorexia nervosa were given 500 microgram of thyrotropin releasing hormone. Thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone responses were measured in duplicate by radioimmunoassay. These patients had a low normal delta thyroid stimulating hormone but a delayed peak response. In addition, these patients had pathological growth hormone release in response to thytotropin releasing hormone infusion. Both delayed peak thyroid stimulating hormone and growth hormone response to thyrotropin releasing hormone have been reported for patients with hypothalamic disorders.
Analysis of Protein‐Protein Interactions by Split Luciferase Complementation Assay (2019)

Protein-protein interactions are important in human disease. Developing and refining tools to understand physical contacts between signaling proteins is crucial. This article describes a split luciferase complementation (SLC) method designed to discover inhibitors of protein-protein interaction. Different fusion proteins with split luciferase are constructed, expressed, and purified, and then assessed to determine the best pair that generates the strongest luminescence. SLC specificity and affinity are further confirmed. Step-by-step instructions are provided for performing these assays using the NS2B-NS3 interaction as an example. NS2B is an essential cofactor for flaviviral NS3 protease function. Advantages and disadvantages of these assays are further discussed. © 2019 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Expression and purification of fusion proteins Basic Protocol 2: Analysis of prey/bait pairs by SLC-based NS2B-NS3 interaction assay Support Protocol 1: Interaction specificity assay Support Protocol 2: Competition binding assay: Dose-response inhibition using cold prey or bait Support Protocol 3: Competition binding assay: Inhibition by MBP-NS3 versus irrelevant MBP tag Support Protocol 4: SLC-based NS2B-NS3 interaction assay using NS2B mutations known to disrupt NS2B-NS3 interactions.
[Local chemotherapy of cancer. Intrathecal administration]. (1989)

Intrathecal chemotherapy is inevitable method for the treatment of seeding of malignant brain tumors which appears in high incidence. The therapy is performed by means of lumbar tap, intraventricular or intratumorous administration, or ventriculo-cisternal perfusion. The same methods are applied to the treatment of original tumor mass as well. The main drugs used for the therapy are methotrexate and cytosine arabinoside. The causes of limitations of the method are the adverse effects of drugs and their short distance of diffusion penetrating into the tumor tissue. Local or intrathecal administration of Interferon could be reached high levels in the cerebrospinal fluid without severe side-effect. 7 out of 22 cases (31.8%) of malignant glioma responded to the local therapy with Interferon. Intrathecal Interferon therapy also revealed marked effect on the disseminated medulloblastoma. Intrathecal therapy should become much more important method including application to the immunotherapy in the future.
A Flexible Concept for Designing Multiaxis Force/Torque Sensors Using Force Closure Theorem (2013)

Multiaxis force/torque sensors have many applications in the areas of robotics and automation. A building blocks concept to design multiaxis force/torque sensors is introduced to provide a flexible and low-cost solution to measure multidimensional force/torque signals using a modularized assembly of several off-the-shelf 1-D force sensors. Based on the force closure theorem, we first identify the relationship between the required number of the 1-D force sensors and the dimensions of the measured force/torque signal. Furthermore, we formulate alternatives of the design solution for a multiaxis force/torque sensor, including the location and direction of each 1-D sensor. A virtual prototype of a six-axis force/torque is developed using this concept. Matrix-based force measuring models are derived to compute the six-axis force/torque signals from the output signals of seven 1-D force sensors. The matrix-based force measuring equations are validated using automatic dynamic analysis of mechanical systems. The output signals of the six-axis force/torque signal is consistent with the reference signals measured by an ATI Nano-17 force/torque sensor. One major advantage of this design concept is its flexibility; we can easily adapt the mechanical structure to design multidimensional force/torque sensors ranging from two degrees of freedom (2-DOFs) to 6-DOFs.
A MODIFICATION OF THE KROGH CARBON MONOXIDE BREATH HOLDING TECHNIQUE FOR ESTIMATING THE DIFFUSING CAPACITY OF THE LUNG; A COMPARISON WITH THREE OTHER METHODS 1 (1955)

There are at present four methods for assessing the pulmonary diffusing capacity (D), one using 02 (Do2) and three using CO (Dco) namely, the 02 method of Lilienthal, Riley, Proemmel, and Franke (1), the steady state CO method of Filley, MacIntosh, and Wright (2) and the CO breath holding technique of Krogh and Krogh (3, 4) as modified by some of the authors (5), all of which provide estimates of the pulmonary diffusing ca- pacity, and finally the fractional CO uptake of Bates (6) which gives an index of pulmonary diffusing capacity. This is a report of a coopera- tive research effort to compare these methods as nearly simultaneously as possible on six patients and one normal subject. Measurements were made over the extremes of pulmonary diffusing capacity, from a patient with a severely decreased pulmonary diffusing capacity at rest (Subject 5) to a normal subject during exercise (Subject 1).