gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autonomous disks for advanced database applications (2003)

The scalability and reliability of secondary storage systems are their most significant aspects for advanced database applications. Research on high-function disks has recently attracted a great deal of attention because technological progress now allows disk-resident data processing. This capability is not only useful for executing application programs on the disk, but is also suited for controlling distributed disks so they are scalable and reliable. We propose autonomous disks in the network environment by using the disk-resident data processing facility. A set of autonomous disks is configured as a cluster in a network, and data is distributed within the cluster, to be accessed uniformly by using a distributed directory. The disks accept simultaneous accesses from multiple hosts via a network, and handle data distribution and load skews. They are also able to tolerate disk failures and some software errors of disk controllers, and can reconfigure the cluster after the damaged disks are repaired. The data distribution, skew handling, and fault tolerance are completely transparent to hosts. The local communication means the size of the cluster is scalable. Autonomous disks are applicable to many advanced applications, such as a large Web server having many HTML files. We also propose to use rules to implement these functions, and we demonstrate their flexibility by examples of rules.
Difficulties of attribution of effect in workers exposed to fiberglass and asbestos (1991)

Man-made mineral fibers have many properties of asbestos that raise concern about their safety. We studied 175 fiberglass production workers, using chest radiographs, measurement of total lung capacity, chest examinations, and occupational and medical histories. Pulmonary volumes and flows were calculated as percent of predicted, adjusted for height, age, ethnicity, and cigarette smoking. Thirty-one men with radiographically evident small irregular opacities of profusion of 1/0 or greater and/or pleural abnormalities were observed. Eight of 38 men with such changes said they had been exposed only to fiberglass; the other 23 with radiologically detectable pleural and/or pulmonary changes were among the 137 whose histories indicated that they had been exposed to asbestos and to fiberglass. Pulmonary function measurements as group means were reduced in the 175: FVC was 94.8% predicted, FEV1 was 91.3% predicted, FEF25-75 was 80.7% predicted, FEF75-85 was 73.1% predicted and FEV1/FVC was 0.73. Total lung capacity (TLC) was elevated to 114.2% predicted (mean) and RV/TLC (mean 0.46) was also elevated. Although only 78% of fiberglass production workers gave histories of asbestos exposure, all had shared the air in a manufacturing plant where ovens insulated with asbestos were continuously cleaned, repaired, dismantled, and rebuilt. It appears that attribution of the effects of their exposure to fiberglass could not be estimated independently of the effects of asbestos exposure.
Providing contextual information to pervasive computing applications (2004)

Pervasive computing applications are increasingly leveraging contextual information from several sources to provide users with behavior appropriate to the environment in which they reside. If these sources of contextual information are used and deployed in an ad hoc manner however they may provide overlapping functionality, fail to provide needed functionality, and require the use of inconsistent interfaces by applications. To overcome these problems, we introduce a contextual information service that provides applications with contextual information via a virtual database. Unlike previous efforts, our service provides applications a consistent, lightweight, and powerful mechanism for obtaining contextual information, and includes explicit support for the on demand computation of contextual information. We show, via example applications and a contextual information service prototype that we have implemented, how this approach can be used to allow proactive applications to adapt their behavior to match a user's current environment.
Glycoside Decoys of Glycosylation. (2001)

このレビューは、グリコシル化反応の阻害剤と糖鎖の代謝経路においてあたかも囮のように挙動する化合物に焦点をあてている。これらの化合物は、代謝過程の中間体に似ているため、糖鎖の生合成や、内因性の複合糖質の糖鎖生合成経路を変えたりするプライマーとして作用する。したがって、グリコシド誘導体は、複合糖質の生成を阻害したり、生体や細胞内での糖鎖の機能を研究するための道具となる。そのようなプライマーは、いろいろな病気において、糖鎖が原因となる病気の発症過程を変える機能を有する治療薬になるであろう。
ISOLATION AND GENETIC ANALYSIS OF MUTANT STRAINS OF <i>CHLAMYDOMONAS REINHARDI</i> DEFECTIVE IN GAMETIC DIFFERENTIATION (1976)

Impotent mutant strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardi, mating-type (mt) plus, are described that have normal growth and motility but fail to differentiate into normal gametes. Procedures for their isolation and their genetic analysis are described. Five of the imp strains (imp-2, imp-5, imp-l, imp-7, and imp-8) exhibit no flagellar agglutination when mixed with mt- or mt+ gametes and the mutations are shown to be unlinked to the mt locus (with the possible exception of imp-7). Two of the strains (imp-3 and imp-4) carry leaky mutations that affect cell fusion; neither mutation is found by tetrad analysis to be linked to mt or to the other. Cells of the imp-1 strain agglutinate well with mt- gametes and active agglutination continues for up to 48 hours, but cell fusion occurs only very rarely. Analysis of these rare zygotes indicates that imp-1 is closely linked to the mt+ locus, and fine-structural studies reveal that imp-1 gametes produce a mutant mating structure involved in zygotic cell fusion. The development of sexuality in C. reinhardi therefore appears amenable to genetic dissection.
Hierarchical Attention Network for Visually-aware Food Recommendation (2018)

Food recommender systems play an important role in assisting users to identify the desired food to eat. Deciding what food to eat is a complex and multi-faceted process, which is influenced by many factors such as the ingredients, appearance of the recipe, the user's personal preference on food, and various contexts like what had been eaten in the past meals. In this work, we formulate the food recommendation problem as predicting user preference on recipes based on three key factors that determine a user's choice on food, namely, 1) the user's (and other users') history; 2) the ingredients of a recipe; and 3) the descriptive image of a recipe. To address this challenging problem, we develop a dedicated neural network based solution Hierarchical Attention based Food Recommendation (HAFR) which is capable of: 1) capturing the collaborative filtering effect like what similar users tend to eat; 2) inferring a user's preference at the ingredient level; and 3) learning user preference from the recipe's visual images. To evaluate our proposed method, we construct a large-scale dataset consisting of millions of ratings from AllRecipes.com. Extensive experiments show that our method outperforms several competing recommender solutions like Factorization Machine and Visual Bayesian Personalized Ranking with an average improvement of 12%, offering promising results in predicting user preference for food. Codes and dataset will be released upon acceptance.
Reproductive Toxicology of Environmental Toxicants: Emerging Issues and Concerns (2007)

Environmental toxicants comprise a number of man-made organic chemicals which may resist metabolism or their metabolites may persist in the environment and accumulate in the food chain. Some of these persistent chemicals are carried over long distances via the atmospheric transport and can have biological effects in fish, wildlife and humans. In this review the relationship between structure of these chemicals, their mode of action and their possible roles in adverse developmental and reproductive processes in humans will be discussed. The focus will be on model polychlorinated biphenyls and dioxins, organochlorines, phthalates, a constituent of cigarette smoke (benzo-a-pyrene), synthetic polymers (polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polyfluorinated compounds), and a fungicide (vinclozolin).
[Hemodynamic changes in bundle-branch block]. (1992)

The paper gives the data on hemodynamic features in patients with bundle-branch block. Based on the data available in the literature, the authors outline hemodynamic abnormalities occurring in various bundle-branch blocks, mechanisms of their development, influences of hemodynamic changes occurring in the blocks on the general condition of patients.
Polymyxin B Resistance in El Tor <i>Vibrio cholerae</i> Requires Lipid Acylation Catalyzed by MsbB (2010)

Antimicrobial peptides are critical for innate antibacterial defense. Both Gram-negative and Gram-positive microbes have mechanisms to alter their surfaces and resist killing by antimicrobial peptides. In Vibrio cholerae, two natural epidemic biotypes, classical and El Tor, exhibit distinct phenotypes with respect to sensitivity to the peptide antibiotic polymyxin B: classical strains are sensitive and El Tor strains are relatively resistant. We carried out mutant screens of both biotypes, aiming to identify classical V. cholerae mutants resistant to polymyxin B and El Tor V. cholerae mutants sensitive to polymyxin B. Insertions in a gene annotated msbB (encoding a predicted lipid A secondary acyltransferase) answered both screens, implicating its activity in antimicrobial peptide resistance of V. cholerae. Analysis of a defined mutation in the El Tor biotype demonstrated that msbB is required for resistance to all antimicrobial peptides tested. Mutation of msbB in a classical strain resulted in reduced resistance to several antimicrobial peptides but in no significant change in resistance to polymyxin B. msbB mutants of both biotypes showed decreased colonization of infant mice, with a more pronounced defect observed for the El Tor mutant. Mass spectrometry analysis showed that lipid A of the msbB mutant for both biotypes was underacylated compared to lipid A of the wild-type isolates, confirming that MsbB is a functional acyltransferase in V. cholerae.
Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Measurement in a Large Population Survey with Statistical Harmonization of Assay Variation to an International Standard (2007)

Differences between assays have implications for public health messages about hypovitaminosis D. Harmonization of results with DEQAS enabled the use of previously determined cutoffs for hypovitaminosis D.
Optimization methods for finding minimum energy paths (2008)

A comparison of chain-of-states based methods for finding minimum energy pathways (MEPs) is presented. In each method, a set of images along an initial pathway between two local minima is relaxed to find a MEP. We compare the nudged elastic band (NEB), doubly nudged elastic band, string, and simplified string methods, each with a set of commonly used optimizers. Our results show that the NEB and string methods are essentially equivalent and the most efficient methods for finding MEPs when coupled with a suitable optimizer. The most efficient optimizer was found to be a form of the limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno method in which the approximate inverse Hessian is constructed globally for all images along the path. The use of a climbing-image allows for finding the saddle point while representing the MEP with as few images as possible. If a highly accurate MEP is desired, it is found to be more efficient to descend from the saddle to the minima than to use a chain-of-states method with many images. Our results are based on a pairwise Morse potential to model rearrangements of a heptamer island on Pt(111), and plane-wave based density functional theory to model a rollover diffusion mechanism of a Pd tetramer on MgO(100) and dissociative adsorption and diffusion of oxygen on Au(111).
Chromatic dispersion limitations for FSK and DPSK systems with direct detection receivers (1991)

Chromatic dispersion limitations for frequency-shift keying (FSK) and differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) systems using narrow-linewidth lasers and direct-detection receivers are discussed. The limitations are found to depend strongly on the receiver configuration. The receiver must include an optical frequency discriminator, such as a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and either a balanced photodetector pair or a single photodetector at the interferometer output. For transmission at 1550 nm over 1310-nm optimized single-mode fiber, the distance for 1-dB eye closure penalty at 10 Gb/s ranges from 20 to 70 km, depending on the modulation format and the receiver configuration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Functionalized Poly(caprolactone)s and Their Application as Micellar Drug Delivery Systems (2013)

An overview of the recent advances of functionalized poly(caprolactone)s (PCL) and their role in micellar drug delivery systems is presented. Various strategies for the functionalization of ε-caprolactone (εCL) and poly(caprolactone)s are discussed together with the approaches for the engineering of PCL-based micellar assemblies. Hydrophilic moieties, halogens, amines, and unsaturated functional groups have been conjugated to PCL by post-polymerization chemical modification. These pendant functional groups were further modified by deprotection, elimination, 1,3-Huisgen cycloaddition, or cross-linking reactions. Alternately, the anionic activation of PCL enabled the post-polymerization grafting of functional groups onto the polyester backbone. Furthermore, special attention has been given to the engineering of micellar cores to enhance their stability and interaction with encapsulated or covalently conjugated drug molecules. The engineering of the micelle hydrophilic block was also explored to achieve active targeting and enhanced cellular uptake. A combination of these strategies enabled the fine-tuning of functionalized PCL copolymers to generate micelles with properties conducive to drug delivery applications. Functionalized PCL represent a promising direction in the development of tunable micellar drug delivery systems.
[Experimental circumferential tracheal replacement with rib and costal muscle ring in dog.]. (2000)

Circumferential tracheal replacement with vascularized rib and intercostal muscle ring is easily managed and has less complications. The results suggest that this technique might be clinically used in the future.
A synthesis of some novel 4,5‐dihydroazepines by the reaction of oxazolium 5‐oxides with 1,2‐dicyanocyclobutene (1980)

Abstract Heating primary or secondary α‐amino acids in acetic anhydride in the presence of 1,2‐dicyanocyclobutene leads to 4,5‐dihydroazepines via the intermediacy of mesoionic oxazolium 5‐oxides.
Design and Analysis of Lightweight Trust Mechanism for Secret Data using Lightweight Cryptographic Primitives in MANETs (2016)

Lightweight trust mechanism with lightweight cryptography primitives and post-quantum cryptosystems are having important concerns in resource constraint wireless sensor based Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs). In postquantum cryptosystems, error correcting codes (ECC) help in code based cryptography for lightweight identification, authentication, distance bounding and tag with ownership transfer protocols to provide security. In this work, a novel approach is designed to secure the RFID-Sensor based MANET that uses ECC for assigning identification to resource constrained mobile nodes. This assignment helps to create centralized environment with subgroups, groups and hierarchies. Group or subgroups boundaries are limited through distance bounding protocols. Trust management plays the role of maintaining the relationship between nodes for long endeavor. Probability analysis of distance bounding protocol shows that the proposed approach is protected from mafia fraud, distance fraud, terrorist fraud, and distance hijacking attacks. The success of these attacks on the proposed mechanism dependence on trust score: lesser trust score (≤ 50) increases the chances of these attacks whereas higher trust score protects the network from these attacks and improves the network performance as well. In performance analysis, it is observed that the Zone Routing Protocol (ZRP) outperforms the other MANET routing protocols in terms of network performance and security for the proposed scheme. However, the probabilistic analysis proves that it is still possible to control outliers in the network despite the new inserted defenses with trust management and limited resources.
Structured Output Learning with High Order Loss Functions (2012)

Often when modeling structured domains, it is desirable to leverage information that is not naturally expressed as simply a label. Examples include knowledge about the evaluation measure that will be used at test time, and partial (weak) label information. When the additional information has structure that factorizes according to small subsets of variables (i.e., is low order, or decomposable), several approaches can be used to incorporate it into a learning procedure. Our focus in this work is the more challenging case, where the additional information does not factorize according to low order graphical model structure; we call this the high order case. We propose to formalize various forms of this additional information as high order loss functions, which may have complex interactions over large subsets of variables. We then address the computational challenges inherent in learning according to such loss functions, particularly focusing on the loss-augmented inference problem that arises in large margin learning; we show that learning with high order loss functions is often practical, giving strong empirical results, with one popular and several novel high-order loss functions, in several settings. 1
Solid-Phase Synthesis, Bioconjugation, and Toxicology of Novel Cationic Oligopeptoids for Cellular Drug Delivery (2007)

For many therapeutic applications, it has become more and more important to find synthetic compounds that have the ability to transport a variety of drugs and cargo molecules into cells and tissues. Like arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs), it is already known that peptide mimetics such as beta-peptides and peptoids can also express a transport function. In this study, ten fluorophore-labeled chiral and achiral peptoids with different backbone lengths and side chains as well as three peptoids coupled to a therapeutically active porphyrin moiety were prepared using a highly modular solid-phase synthesis (SPP) approach. To compare the structural determinants with the cellular uptake efficiency, all peptoids were analyzed by live cell imaging. All cells show an even vesicular distribution of the internalized peptoids, also revealing that a vesicular escape into the cytosol was stronger for peptoids with longer backbones. Moreover, the uptake efficiency correlated with both the incubation time and the given concentration. Toxicology tests and uptake experiments with porphyrin-coupled peptoids indicate their suitability for application as robust and readily available drug delivery systems or intracellular probes.
Lightweight large area solar arrays. (1969)

Lightweight large area solar cell arrays for space programs with multikilowatt predicted performance, noting rollup array orbital flight testing
Amino Acid Sequence of an α-δ-Glycophorin Hybrid (1989)

In this report we examine the primary sequence of a variant glycophorin obtained from erythrocytes of an individual who exhibits an unusual MNSs blood group phenotype. We show that this protein is a hybrid molecule constructed from sequences of alpha- and delta-glycophorins (glycophorins A and B) in a alpha-delta arrangement. Serological typing revealed that the donor's phenotype was M+N+S+s+U+; yet his erythrocytes reacted with some but not all examples of anti-S antisera. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed a variant glycophorin band, and immunoblotting and reaction with N-glycanase suggested that its amino terminus resembled that of M-alpha-glycophorin but that its carboxyl terminus did not. A preparation highly enriched in the variant was obtained and used to generate peptide fragments for sequencing. The sequence revealed that the variant was a hybrid molecule whose amino terminus corresponded to M-alpha-glycophorin and whose carboxyl terminus corresponded to S-delta-glycophorin. CNBr cleavage of the variant glycophorin yielded four peptides. The sequence of the amino-terminal CNBr peptide (residues 1-8) was identical to the amino-terminal octapeptide of M-alpha-glycophorin. The proceeding peptide (residues 9-61) contained a segment identical to residues 9-58 of alpha glycophorin, but its carboxyl-terminal sequence had the Gly-Glu-Met sequence from S-delta-glycophorin (residues 27-29). The other two peptides, insoluble in aqueous solutions, contained highly hydrophobic sequences, identical to residues 30-52 and 53-68 of delta-glycophorin. Sequences of overlapping peptides generated by trypsin and V8 protease confirmed the hybrid nature of the variant glycophorin: residues 1-58 were identical to residues 1-58 of M-alpha-glycophorin, and residues 59-100 were entirely identical to residues 27-68 of S-delta-glycophorin. The variant glycophorin is expected to have 4 additional residues at its carboxyl terminus that correspond to the carboxyl-terminal residues 69-72 of delta-glycophorin. The amino acid sequence arrangement of the variant alpha-delta-glycophorin is an exact reciprocal of that found in another hybrid glycophorin, Sta, that is a delta-alpha hybrid. We propose that the two hybrid glycophorins represent the two possible products resulting from a reciprocal recombination event.
Ultraviolet Absorption of Alkali Halides (1959)

The absorption spectra of evaporated films of the alkali halides, with the exception of LiF, have been measured at room temperature and 80\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K in the region from 1100 A to 2500 A. The spectra are rather complex at low temperature, but agree fairly well with current theory concerning the multiplicity and grouping of the exciton peaks. In addition, a shoulder has been found in many of the spectra, similar to the ones previously seen and associated with the band-to-band transition in the alkali iodides.
Hypocretin/orexin, sleep and narcolepsy (2001)

The discovery that hypocretins are involved in narcolepsy, a disorder associated with excessive daytime sleepiness, cataplexy and unusually rapid transitions to rapid-eye-movement sleep, opens a new field of investigation in the area of sleep control physiology. Hypocretin-1 and -2 (also called orexin-A and -B) are newly discovered neuropeptides processed from a common precursor, preprohypocretin. Hypocretin-containing cells are located exclusively in the lateral hypothalamus, with widespread projections to the entire neuroaxis. Two known receptors, Hcrtr1 and Hcrtr2, have been reported. The functional significance of the hypocretin system is rapidly emerging in both animals and humans. Hypocretin abnormalities cause narcolepsy in dogs, human and mice. The role of the hypocretin system in normal sleep regulation is more uncertain. We believe hypocretin cells drive cholinergic and monoaminergic activity across the sleep cycle. Input from the suprachiasmatic nucleus to hypocretin-containing neurons may explain the occurrence of clock-dependent alertness. Other functions are suggested by pharmacological and neurochemical experiments. These include regulation of food intake, neuroendocrine function, autonomic nervous system activity and energy balance.