gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amperometric Hydrogen Peroxide Biosensor Based on Horseradish Peroxidase Immobilized on Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>/Chitosan Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode (2009)

Abstract A new type of amperometric hydrogen peroxide biosensor was constructed based on horseradish peroxidase (HRP) immobilized on Fe 3 O 4 /chitosan modified glassy carbon electrode. The effects of some experimental variables such as the concentration of supporting electrolyte, pH, enzyme loading, the concentration of the mediator of methylene blue (MB) and the applied potential were investigated. The linear range of the calibration curve for H 2 O 2 was 2.0×10 −4 –1.2×10 −2 M with a detection limit of 1.0×10 −4 M ( S / N =3). The response time was less than 12 s. The apparent Michaelis‐Menten constant K m was 21.4 mM and it illustrated the excellent biological activity of the fixed enzyme. In addition, the biosensor had long‐time stability and good reproducibility. And this method has been used to determine H 2 O 2 concentration in the real sample.
Ferrofluid flow under the influence of rotating magnetic fields (1980)

Experimental data are presented concerning the physical mechanism of the electromagnetically induced macroscopic rotation of ferrofluids. The rotating velocity distributions, determined using a DISA anemometer equipment and a tensometric transducer system, showed a very different behaviour of ferrofluids in a low frequency (0 + 10 Hz) rotating magnetic field in comparison with that observed in the higher frequency region ( >15 Hz). The data are compared with other experimental and theoretical results.
Approximation Schemes for Minimum Latency Problems (2003)

The minimum latency problem, also known as the traveling repairman problem, is a variant of the traveling salesman problem in which the starting node of the tour is given and the goal is to minimize the sum of the arrival times at the other nodes. We present a quasi-polynomial time approximation scheme (QPTAS) for this problem when the instance is a weighted tree, when the nodes lie in $\mathbb{R}^d$ for some fixed d, and for planar graphs. We also present a polynomial time constant factor approximation algorithm for the general metric case. The currently best polynomial time approximation algorithm for general metrics, due to Goemans and Kleinberg, computes a 3.59-approximation.
Postgraduate boundary crossings (2014)

This Special Issue: Crossing Philosophical, Cultural and Geographic Boundaries in Educational Scholarship?: Postgraduate Experiences arose out of an invited panel of postgraduate speakers at the 42nd Philosophy of Education Society of Australasia Conference, held 7–10 December 2012 in Chiayi, Taiwan. The wider conference theme of “Crossing Boundaries” generated lively discussions about what such encounters and experiences might mean in the broader sphere of education; while the postgraduate speakers were invited to address their personal experience of boundaries during doctoral study. The central thrust of this invitation was to consider the extent to which such boundaries could (or should) be crossed through postgraduate experiences, and to gain a deeper appreciation of what this might mean for scholars who venture – physically and/or philosophically – outside of familiar terrain. The papers that comprise this issue provide associated cross-cultural, cross-country and cross-philosophical narratives, reflections and interrogations of their experiences in this regard. In doing so the authors provide a rich landscape through which to consider boundary crossing as an opportunity to expand on knowledge and/or to appreciate ones own position through encounters with ‘other’. Such crossings (or attempts to cross) presented significant challenges to these students, as they reveal in this issue. Their insights highlight the point that crossing philosophical, cultural and geographic boundaries is often a difficult relationship between all three, and, that there are costs involved. Such profoundly confronting experiences of crossing (or not crossing) are not necessarily bridges to be traversed as much as a means of confronting boundaries through which students might gain important insights – about themselves as persons of culture, scholars and members of a global society that is characterized by difference. This complex encounter – for all its pleasure and pain – is, evident through every paper in this issue, and sets the scene for important 21st century dialogues concerning diversity and difference in education.
On majority-logic decoding for duals of primitive polynomial codes (1971)

The class of polynomial codes introduced by Kasami et al. has considerable inherent algebraic and geometric structure. It has been shown that this class of codes and their dual codes contain many important classes of cyclic codes as subclasses, such as BCH codes, Reed-Solomon codes, generalized Reed-Muller codes, projective geometry codes, and Euclidean geometry codes. The purpose of this paper is to investigate further properties of polynomial codes and their duals. First, majority-logic decoding for the duals of certain primitive polynomial codes is considered. Two methods of forming nonorthogonal parity-check sums are presented. Second, the maximality of Euclidean geometry codes is proved. The roots of the generator polynomial of an Euclidean geometry code are specified.
Effects of Suspension Crosslinking Reacting Conditions on the Sizes of Starch Microspheres (1994)

Abstract Using the method of suspension crosslinking polymerization and epichlorohydrin as the crosslinking agent, starch microspheres have been synthesized. And the effects of reacting parameters, including the surfactant concentration, stirring speed, two phases viscosities and densities on the microspheres mean size (18–36μm) are also discussed. One equation is deduced to demonstrate these effects:
Polymorphic markers associated with severe oxaliplatin‐induced, chronic peripheral neuropathy in colon cancer patients (2011)

The current results indicated that a genome-wide pharmacogenomic approach is useful for identifying novel polymorphism predictors of severe OXCPN that may be used in personalized chemotherapy.
The signal‐to‐noise characteristics of rod—cone interaction (1983)

1. The influence of rods on cone-mediated vision was assessed in eight human observers. To this end, increment threshold functions were obtained by determining thresholds of a cone-detected test flash (25 ms duration, 655 nm wave-length, 13' diameter) as a function of the illuminance of larger, 500 ms duration, rod-detected masking flashes. The type of photoreceptor influenced by each stimulus was carefully checked by means of a series of control procedures involving action spectra and selective rod adaptation.2. When the rod mask was 512 nm in wave-length, 40' in diameter, and less than one scotopic td in illuminance, increment threshold functions show that [Formula: see text], where I(Cth) is cone test threshold, I(R) is rod mask illuminance, and D is a dark noise term similar to that used by Barlow (1956). Further increases in I(R) have no additional influences on cone test threshold until threshold is influenced by the combined action of the mask on both rods and cones. If I(R) is expressed in terms of scotopic flux rather than illuminance, the functional relationship obtained with all rod masks </= 40' diameter and </= 580 nm wave-length is identical.3. Over the range of illuminance where a square-root relationship is obtained, probability of seeing functions show that a signal-to-noise mechanism limits the detectability of the cone test flash. These findings suggests a quantitative model in which cones produce a signal in a detector which is proportional to the illuminance of the cone test flash. Within a neural locus designated E (excitatory spatial summator), a response is produced which over at least a 40' diameter area, is proportional to the scotopic flux of the rod mask. E, however, feeds into a gain box, S, which saturates at illuminance levels at least 3 log(10) units less than usual estimates of rod saturation. Other than saturation, S behaves in a linear fashion.4. As diameter increases beyond 60', rod masks of equal scotopic illuminance have progressively less influence on cone test threshold; rod masks > 2 degrees have negligible influence on cone test threshold. We propose that I (inhibitory spatial summator), a neural locus which responds to scotopic flux provided over a very large area, attenuates the activity of E. The combined action of E and I is designated a rod channel. The response of cones and the rod channel summate at a detector. Within the detector, cone signals are distinguished from rod-related activity and intrinsic dark noise on the basis of signal-to-noise discriminations.5. The neural substrate for this rod channel most probably involves the combined action of several neurones which synapse within the inner plexiform layer of the retina. The relationship of this rod channel to other perceptual phenomena is discussed.
Pancreatic beta-cell-type-specific transcription of the insulin gene is mediated by basic helix-loop-helix DNA-binding proteins. (1991)

The pancreatic beta-cell-specific expression of the insulin gene is mediated, at least in part, by the interaction of unique trans-acting beta-cell factors with a cis-acting DNA element found within the insulin enhancer (5'-GC CATCTG-3'; referred to as the insulin control element [ICE]) present in the rat insulin II gene between positions -100 and -91. This sequence element contains the consensus binding site for a group of DNA-binding transcription factors called basic helix-loop-helix proteins (B-HLH). As a consequence of the similarity of the ICE with the DNA sequence motif associated with the cis-acting elements of the B-HLH class of binding proteins (CANNTG), the ability of this class of proteins to regulate cell-type-specific expression of the insulin gene was addressed. Cotransfection experiments indicated that overexpression of Id, a negative regulator of B-HLH protein function, inhibits ICE-mediated activity. Antibody to the E12/E47 B-HLH proteins attenuated the formation, in vitro, of a previously described (J. Whelan, S. R. Cordle, E. Henderson, P. A. Weil, and R. Stein, Mol. Cell. Biol. 10:1564-1572, 1990) beta-cell-specific activator factor(s)-ICE DNA complex. Both of these B-HLH proteins (E12 and E47) bound efficiently and specifically to the ICE sequences. The role of B-HLH proteins in mediating pancreatic beta-cell-specific transcription of the insulin gene is discussed.
MODOMICS: a database of RNA modification pathways (2005)

MODOMICS is the first comprehensive database resource for systems biology of RNA modification. It integrates information about the chemical structure of modified nucleosides, their localization in RNA sequences, pathways of their biosynthesis and enzymes that carry out the respective reactions. MODOMICS also provides literature information, and links to other databases, including the available protein sequence and structure data. The current list of modifications and pathways is comprehensive, while the dataset of enzymes is limited to Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae and sequence alignments are presented only for tRNAs from these organisms. RNAs and enzymes from other organisms will be included in the near future. MODOMICS can be queried by the type of nucleoside (e.g. A, G, C, U, I, m1A, nm5s2U, etc.), type of RNA, position of a particular nucleoside, type of reaction (e.g. methylation, thiolation, deamination, etc.) and name or sequence of an enzyme of interest. Options for data presentation include graphs of pathways involving the query nucleoside, multiple sequence alignments of RNA sequences and tabular forms with enzyme and literature data. The contents of MODOMICS can be accessed through the World Wide Web at http://genesilico.pl/modomics/.
Heavy Water Additive in Formamidinium: A Novel Approach to Enhance Perovskite Solar Cell Efficiency (2020)

Heavy water or deuterium oxide (D<sub>2</sub> O) comprises deuterium, a hydrogen isotope twice the mass of hydrogen. Contrary to the disadvantages of deuterated perovskites, such as shorter recombination lifetimes and lower/invariant efficiencies, the serendipitous effect of D<sub>2</sub> O as a beneficial solvent additive for enhancing the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of triple-A cation (cesium (Cs)/methylammonium (MA)/formaminidium (FA)) perovskite solar cells from ≈19.2% (reference) to 20.8% (using 1 vol% D<sub>2</sub> O) with higher stability is reported. Ultrafast optical spectroscopy confirms passivation of trap states, increased carrier recombination lifetimes, and enhanced charge carrier diffusion lengths in the deuterated samples. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and solid-state NMR spectroscopy validate the N-H<sub>2</sub> group as the preferential isotope exchange site. Furthermore, the NMR results reveal the induced alteration of the FA to MA ratio due to deuteration causes a widespread alteration to several dynamic processes that influence the photophysical properties. First-principles density functional theory calculations reveal a decrease in PbI<sub>6</sub> phonon frequencies in the deuterated perovskite lattice. This stabilizes the PbI<sub>6</sub> structures and weakens the electron-LO phonon (Fröhlich) coupling, yielding higher electron mobility. Importantly, these findings demonstrate that selective isotope exchange potentially opens new opportunities for tuning perovskite optoelectronic properties.
Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy as a molecular specific detection system in aqueous flow-through systems (1998)

Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is proposed as a molecular specific technique for direct measurements of organic molecules in aqueous solutions. An FT-Raman spectrometer was interfaced with a flow injection manifold operated in the stopped flow mode enabling reproducible collection of SERS spectra due to the automation of the analysis procedure. For SERS a solid state substrate placed in a newly developed flow-cell was used. Multiple measurements on one single SERS substrate were achieved by rinsing the substrate with reagents such as 3 M KCl or 0.1 M NaOH solutions prior to the next measurements in order to remove retained analytes from the surface of the SERS substrate. This procedure allowed for improved precision as compared with a conventional batch approach. Quantitative aspects were investigated by establishing a calibration curve for nicotinic acid which was used as a model analyte. A linear dependance of the recorded SERS intensities from the logarithm of the analyte concentration was obtained throughout the whole investigated concentration range (0.001–0.1 M, correlation coefficient r2 = 0.97). The standard deviation of the method sx0 was found to be 0.122 mM and detection limit 1.7 mM, respectively. The results demonstrate the potential of SERS spectroscopy to be used as a molecular specific detector in aqueous flow systems such as flow injection analysis.
Pharmacological characterization of a non‐inactivating outward current observed in mouse cerebellar Purkinje neurones (2002)

Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were used to investigate the properties of a non-inactivating outward current observed in mouse cerebellar Purkinje neurones at a holding potential of -20 mV. Increasing the external potassium (K(+)) concentration from 3 mM to 20 mM produced a rightward shift in the observed reversal potential of approximately 30 mV or approximately 40 mV for a K(+)-or a caesium (Cs(+))-based intracellular solution respectively, indicating the outward current was a K(+) current. The outward current was partially inhibited by the K(+) channel blocker, tetraethylammonium (TEA; IC(50)=0.15 mM). Subsequently, the background or TEA-insensitive current was measured in the presence of 1 mM TEA. The background current was reversibly inhibited by barium (Ba(2+); 300 microM, 50%) and potentiated by the application of arachidonic acid (AA; 1 mM, 62%). The volatile anaesthetic, halothane (1 mM), and the neuroprotectant, riluzole (500 microM), both reversibly inhibited the background current by 54% and 36% respectively. The background current was insensitive to changes in both intracellular and extracellular acidification. The GABA(B) and mu-opioid receptor agonists, baclofen and [D-Ala(2), N-MePhe(4)-Gly-ol(5)] enkephalin (DAMGO) both reversibly potentiated the outward current by 42% and 26% respectively. In contrast, the metabotropic glutamate receptor and acetylcholine receptor agonists, (S)-3,5-dihydroxyphenylglycine (DHPG) and muscarine both reversibly inhibited the outward current by 48% and 42% respectively. These data suggest that cerebellar Purkinje neurones possess a background current which shares several properties with recently cloned two-pore K(+) channels, particularly THIK-1.
What's up: P2P spontaneous social networking (2009)

This demo presents some features of our platform What's up for P2P social networking. The main idea of What's Up is to provide spontaneous social networks in the events such as conferences and expositions. With no infrastructure requirement, What's up enables fast setup and deployment of a distributed social network that provides VoIP, instant messaging, community creation/management, V-card sharing, search and event alert. What's up is designed to be also deployable on ad hoc networks. Moreover it works on different operating systems including windows, Linux, Windows mobile and Symbian.
Microphotonic control of single molecule fluorescence correlation spectroscopy using planar optofluidics (2007)

We demonstrate the implementation of fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (FCS) on a chip. Full planar integration is achieved by lithographic definition of sub-picoliter excitation volumes using intersecting solid and liquid-core optical waveguides. Concentration dependent measurements on dye molecules with single molecule resolution are demonstrated. Theoretical modeling of the FCS autocorrelation function in microstructured geometries shows that the FCS behavior can be controlled over a wide range by tailoring the micro-photonic environment. The ability to perform correlation spectroscopy using silicon photonics without the need for free-space microscopy permits implementation of numerous diagnostic applications on compact planar optofluidic devices.
Hydrogen and Formate Oxidation Coupled to Dissimilatory Reduction of Iron or Manganese by <i>Alteromonas putrefaciens</i> (1989)

The ability of Alteromonas putrefaciens to obtain energy for growth by coupling the oxidation of various electron donors to dissimilatory Fe(III) or Mn(IV) reduction was investigated. A. putrefaciens grew with hydrogen, formate, lactate, or pyruvate as the sole electron donor and Fe(III) as the sole electron acceptor. Lactate and pyruvate were oxidized to acetate, which was not metabolized further. With Fe(III) as the electron acceptor, A. putrefaciens had a high affinity for hydrogen and formate and metabolized hydrogen at partial pressures that were 25-fold lower than those of hydrogen that can be metabolized by pure cultures of sulfate reducers or methanogens. The electron donors for Fe(III) reduction also supported Mn(IV) reduction. The electron donors for Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction and the inability of A. putrefaciens to completely oxidize multicarbon substrates to carbon dioxide distinguish A. putrefaciens from GS-15, the only other organism that is known to obtain energy for growth by coupling the oxidation of organic compounds to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV). The ability of A. putrefaciens to reduce large quantities of Fe(III) and to grow in a defined medium distinguishes it from a Pseudomonas sp., which is the only other known hydrogen-oxidizing, Fe(III)-reducing microorganism. Furthermore, A. putrefaciens is the first organism that is known to grow with hydrogen as the electron donor and Mn(IV) as the electron acceptor and is the first organism that is known to couple the oxidation of formate to the reduction of Fe(III) or Mn(IV). Thus, A. putrefaciens provides a much needed microbial model for key reactions in the oxidation of sediment organic matter coupled to Fe(III) and Mn(IV) reduction.
Cell‐free production of a therapeutic protein: Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant streptokinase using a CHO lysate (2017)

The use of cell-free systems to produce recombinant proteins has grown rapidly over the past decade. In particular, cell-free protein synthesis (CFPS) systems based on mammalian cells provide alternative methods for the production of many proteins, including those that contain disulfide bonds, glycosylation, and complex structures such as monoclonal antibodies. In the present study, we show robust production of turbo green fluorescent protein (tGFP) and streptokinase in a cell-free system using instrumented mini-bioreactors for highly reproducible protein production. We achieved recombinant protein production (∼600 μg/ml of tGFP and 500 μg/ml streptokinase) in 2.5 hr of expression time, comparable to previously reported yields for cell-free protein expression. Also, we demonstrate the use of two different affinity tags for product capture and compare those to a tag-free self-cleaving intein capture technology. The intein purification method provided a product recovery of 86%, compared with 52% for conventionally tagged proteins, while resulting in a 30% increase in total units of activity of purified recombinant streptokinase compared with conventionally tagged proteins. These promising beneficial features combined with the intein technology makes feasible the development of dose-level production of therapeutic proteins at the point-of-care.
Experimental investigation of stimulated molecular scattering in nitrogen in the pressure range 1–4 atm (1979)

An experimental investigation was made of the characteristics of stimulated molecular scattering of pump pulses of 7 nsec duration and 0.01 cm–1 spectral width. The scattering threshold at a pressure of 1 atm was found to be 67 MW at λ = 0.53 μ and the frequency shift of the scattered radiation was 0.042 cm–1 with a spectral width of 0.02 cm–1. Measurements were made of the characteristics of the scattered radiation above the threshold at pressures of 1.5–4 atm. For an excess of 1.5 over the threshold, the coefficient of conversion of the pump energy into scattered radiation was 25% for a scattered pulse duration of 1.2 nsec.
Syntax-Directed Transduction (1968)

A transduction is a mapping from one set of sequences to another. A syntax-directed transduction is a particular type of transduction which is defined on the grammar of a context-free language and which is meant to be a model of part of the translation process used in many compilers. The transduction is considered from an automata theory viewpoint as specifying the input-output relation of a machine. Special consideration is given to machines called translators which both transduce and recognize. In particular, some special conditions are investigated under which syntax-directed translations can be performed on (deterministic) pushdown machines. In addition, some time bounds for translations on Turing machines are derived.