gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Human neurological cancer cells express interleukin‐4 (IL‐4) receptors which are targets for the toxic effects of IL4‐<i>pseudomonas</i> exotoxin chimeric protein (1994)

Glioblastoma, glioma or neuroblastoma cells were examined for the expression of IL-4 receptors (IL-4R) by flow cytometric analysis and 125I-IL-4 binding. These cancer cell lines expressed IL-4R which were of high affinity (KD = 700 x 10(-12) M) on glioblastoma cells. To investigate the function of these receptors and to target potent cytotoxic antitumor agents to human neurological cancers, we utilized IL4-PE4E, which is composed of IL-4 and mutant Pseudomonas exotoxin (IL4-PE4E). This chimeric molecule was cytotoxic toward human glioblastoma, neuroblastoma and glioma tumor cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cytotoxicity of IL4-PE4E was specific, since it was neutralized by excess IL-4, and by an anti-IL-4 monoclonal antibody in all types of brain tumor tested. IL2-PE4E and IL6-PE4E were not cytotoxic, nor was an IL4-PE4E mutant lacking ADP-ribosylating activity, indicating the IL4-PE4E-mediated cytotoxicity of the brain tumor cells required both IL-4R binding and enzymatic toxin activity. These data indicate that human neurological cancer cells express IL-4R which are targets for the cytotoxic effects of IL4-toxin. In addition, our data also suggest that IL4-PE4E should be studied further as a potential treatment for human neurological cancers.
Biosynthesis of bacterial glycogen. Primary structure of Escherichia coli ADP-glucose synthetase as deduced from the nucleotide sequence of the glg C gene. (1983)

The nucleotide sequence of the glg C gene of Escherichia coli K12, coding for ADP-glucose synthetase, has been determined. The structural gene consists of 1293 base pairs, which specify a protein of 431 amino acids. The amino acid sequence deduced from the DNA sequence is consistent with the known NH2-terminal amino acid sequence and the amino acid composition of ADP-glucose synthetase. The translation start of the structural gene of glycogen synthase, glg A, starts immediately after termination of the glg C gene.
Achromatic Combinations of Half-Wave Plates (1959)

The plane of polarization of two or more wavelengths can be rotated by a predetermined amount through the use of two or more identical half-wave plates in series, the axes of which are oriented at predetermined angles with respect to the incident plane of polarization. For two wavelengths a rotation of 90° may be accomplished by the use of two plates with their slow axes at angles of 22.5°+δ and 67.5°−δ, respectively. For three wavelengths a 90° rotation is obtained by using three plates at angles of 11.25°+δ, 45°, and 78.75°−δ respectively. The quantity δ is a small angle usually less than 1° which determines the spectral range of achromatization. Identical half-wave plates are easily obtained by cutting a single splitting of mica or a plane parallel sheet of other birefringent material. The wavelength for which the plates have half-wave retardation is not critical. Rather than having a smaller angular aperture than the single half-wave plate, the three-element achromatic rotator has a larger angular aperture. The use of the stereographic projection of the Poincaré sphere for graphical solution of polarized light problems is discussed briefly.
Ship Material Readiness (1989)

Abstract : This research memorandum evaluates ship material condition on the basis of mission-degrading casualty reports. Tobit models estimate the effect on ship material readiness of such resource variables as manning, crew stability, months since last overhaul, steaming hours, and length of time commanding officer has had ship command. Identical models are used for Knox, spruance, and Adams ship classes. For all three classes, the most important influences are related to manning. Keywords: CASREP(Casualty Report), Crews, Econometrics, Enlisted personnel, Fleets(Ships), Least squares method, Maintenance, Naval personnel, Naval vessels, Readiness, Regression analysis, Ship maintenance, Ship personnel, Statistical analysis, Tobit model.
Large-Scale Gene Discovery in the Oomycete <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> Reveals Likely Components of Phytopathogenicity Shared with True Fungi (2005)

To overview the gene content of the important pathogen Phytophthora infestans, large-scale cDNA and genomic sequencing was performed. A set of 75,757 high-quality expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from P. infestans was obtained from 20 cDNA libraries representing a broad range of growth conditions, stress responses, and developmental stages. These included libraries from P. infestans-potato and -tomato interactions, from which 963 pathogen ESTs were identified. To complement the ESTs, onefold coveragethe P. infestans genome was obtained and regions of coding potential identified. A unigene set of 18,256 sequences was derived from the EST and genomic data and characterized for potential functions, stage-specific patterns of expression, and codon bias. Cluster analysis of ESTs revealed major differences between the expressed gene content of mycelial and spore-related stages, and affinities between some growth conditions. Comparisons with databases of fungal pathogenicity genes revealed conserved elements of pathogenicity, such as class III pectate lyases, despite the considerable evolutionary distance between oomycetes and fungi. Thirty-seven genes encoding components of flagella also were identified. Several genes not anticipated to occur in oomycetes were detected, including chitin synthases, phosphagen kinases, and a bacterial-type FtsZ cell-division protein. The sequence data described are available in a searchable public database.
Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of citral (1989)

Citral showed appreciable antimicrobial activity against Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria as well as fungi. Media composition and inoculum size had no observable effect on activity but alkaline pH increased citral activity. The growth rates of Escherichia coli cultures were reduced at concentrations of citral ≥0·01% v/v while concentrations ≥0·03% v/v produced rapid reduction in viable cells followed by limited regrowth. In a non‐growth medium, 0·08% and 0·1% v/v showed rapid bactericidal effects. Citral may therefore be of preservative use in addition to its other uses in the food, soap and cosmetic industries.
In <i>vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> imaging and tracking of intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells (2017)

Human intestinal organoids (hIOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have immense potential as a source of intestines. Therefore, an efficient system is needed for visualizing the stage of intestinal differentiation and further identifying hIOs derived from hPSCs. Here, 2 fluorescent biosensors were developed based on human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines that stably expressed fluorescent reporters driven by intestine-specific gene promoters Krüppel-like factor 5 monomeric Cherry (KLF5<sup>mCherry</sup>) and intestine-specific homeobox enhanced green fluorescence protein (ISX<sup>eGFP</sup>). Then hIOs were efficiently induced from those transgenic hiPSC lines in which mCherry- or eGFP-expressing cells, which appeared during differentiation, could be identified in intact living cells in real time. Reporter gene expression had no adverse effects on differentiation into hIOs and proliferation. Using our reporter system to screen for hIO differentiation factors, we identified DMH1 as an efficient substitute for Noggin. Transplanted hIOs under the kidney capsule were tracked with fluorescence imaging (FLI) and confirmed histologically. After orthotopic transplantation, the localization of the hIOs in the small intestine could be accurately visualized using FLI. Our study establishes a selective system for monitoring the <i>in vitro</i> differentiation and for tracking the <i>in vivo</i> localization of hIOs and contributes to further improvement of cell-based therapies and preclinical screenings in the intestinal field.-Jung, K. B., Lee, H., Son, Y. S., Lee, J. H., Cho, H.-S., Lee, M.-O., Oh, J.-H., Lee, J., Kim, S., Jung, C.-R., Kim, J., Son, M.-Y. <i>In vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> imaging and tracking of intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
Direct Pyrolysis Method for Superconducting Crystalline MgB<sub>2</sub> Nanowires (2003)

A direct pyrolysis route from MgB2 nanoparticles (100−500 nm) to crystalline MgB2 nanowires (10−20 nm diam) was developed. In this process, MgB2 nanoparticle precursor was prepared through an in situ solid reaction of Mg metal and amorphous boron powder. After directly pyrolyzing the precursor via infrared irradiation at 900 °C in a high-purity argon atmosphere, uniform MgB2 nanowires were produced at the edges of the precursor nanoparticles. Structural characterization and elemental composition analysis identified that the nanowires were made of MgB2, presumably incorporated or alloyed with some oxygen. Superconductivity of the samples was confirmed and it is indicated that the nanowires may have a transition temperature (Tc) comparable with that of bulk MgB2.
Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain Dysfunction in Dorsal Root Ganglia of Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats and Its Correction by Insulin Treatment (2010)

Mitochondrial dysfunction in sensory neurons from type 1 diabetic rats is associated with impaired rates of respiratory activity and occurs without a significant rise in perikaryal ROS.
The AARIA agent architecture: From manufacturing requirements to agent-based system design (2001)

Designs for real-world agent-based systems must reflect both domain requirements and technical capabilities. This paper illustrates some of the requirements for agents in manufacturing scheduling and shows how they lead to an architecture that addres
Synthesis of Crown-Ester-Bipyridines and Crown-Ester-Viologens (2005)

Six novel 4,4′-bipyridine-crown-esters, derived from [4,4′]bipyridinyl-3,3′-dicarboxylic acid, [4,4′]bipyridinyl-2,2′-dicarboxylic acid and [4,4′]bipyridinyl-2,2′,6,6′-tetra-carboxylic acid were synthesized employing a procedure closely related to the ‘cesium carbonate method’. The 4,4′-bipyridine-crown-esters differ in their substitution positions of the aromatic bipyridine-units, as well as in the geometric extensions of their crown-ester moieties. Addition of 1,3-propane sultone to the 4,4′-bipyridine-crown-esters resulted in five novel propanesultonated 4,4′-bipyridine-crown-ester viologens.
Synthesis of New Benzylic Di-, Tri-, and Tetraphosphonic Acids as Potential Chelating Agents (2011)

Abstract New di-, tri-, and tetraphosphonic acids were synthesized starting from four o-hydroxymethyl phenol derivatives and obtained in three steps in good overall yield. The phosphonic acids were isolated and purified using semi-preparative C18 HPLC column. The new compounds were characterized using different spectroscopic methods (1H, 13C, and 31P NMR; ESI MS; and MSn, IR). GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT
Development of Zero Turning Radius by using different independent torque (2017)

This paper is about development of zero turning radius (ZTR) by using different independent torque that given to the all tires. The main objective in this thesis is to analyze the approximate or actual zero turning radius that can be achieved by vehicle and yaw rate when the different independent torque is given to the each tire. The ZTR is existed by applied the differential torque from the motor. Meanwhile, different of torque is mean the different of rotational movement or different of torque value given by the motor. The analysis is conducted by using Matlab simulation analysis because it is very important for EVs. By using the ZTR system the vehicle can move in the narrow space and time to change the position become less. This system (ZTR) also can be applying for the light and heavy weight electrical vehicles when going for changing position in narrow with less much time.
Development and application of multiplex-PCR for identification of Actinbacillus pleuropneumoniae and Haemophilus parasuis. (2009)

The multiplex PCR detecting App and PM were developed based on published single PCR for these pathogens.The PCR reagents,annealing temperature and the PCR procedure were optimized and the primers were screened.A 342 bp fragment of App,and a 457 bp of PM could be simultaneously amplified in one reaction.App was as low as 1.4×103 CFU or 9 pg DNA and PM was as low as 2.3×103 CFU or 16 pg DNA.For 23 suspected isolates,this multiplex-PCR method correctly identified 4 App and 2 PM.The result suggests the usefulness of the muhiplex PCR for routine identification of App and PM.
THE EFFECT OF MONOAMINE OXIDASE INHIBITORS ON SOME ARYLALKYLAMINES IN RAT STRIATUM (1979)

Abstract The trace amines phenylethylamine, tryptamine, p‐tyramine and m‐tyramine have been measured in the striatum of both control and MAO‐treated rats. Dose‐response and time‐response studies have been carried out with clorgyline and deprenyl, inhibitors which preferentially inhibit the A and B forms of MAO, respectively, and with tranylcypromine and phenylethylhydrazine, which are used clinically in the treatment of depression. Phenylethylamine was increased by 1 mg/kg of deprenyl, but was unaffected by clorgyline at doses up to 50 mg/kg, while the tyramines and tryptamine were increased by low doses of clorgyline, but were increased only by much greater doses of deprenyl than those required to affect phenylethylamine. Phenylethylamine is oxidized by the B form of MAO, but tryptamine and the tyramines appear to be oxidized by both A and B MAO. The observed proportional increases in trace amine levels are much greater than those observed for the classical neurotransmitters, noradrenaline, dopamine and 5‐hydroxytryptamine. As these increases are differential, selective manipulation of trace amine concentrations is possible.
Automated Rehabilitation Exercise Motion Tracking (2013)

Current physiotherapy practice relies on visual observation of the patient for diagnosis and assessment. The assessment process can potentially be automated to improve accuracy and reliability. This thesis proposes a method to recover patient joint angles and automatically extract movement profiles utilizing small and lightweight body-worn sensors. \n\nJoint angles are estimated from sensor measurements via the extended Kalman filter (EKF). Constant-acceleration kinematics is employed as the state evolution model. The forward kinematics of the body is utilized as the measurement model. The state and measurement models are used to estimate the position, velocity and acceleration of each joint, updated based on the sensor inputs from inertial measurement units (IMUs). Additional joint limit constraints are imposed to reduce drift, and an automated approach is developed for estimating and adapting the process noise during on-line estimation. \n\nOnce joint angles are determined, the exercise data is segmented to identify each of the repetitions. This process of identifying when a particular repetition begins and ends allows the physiotherapist to obtain useful metrics such as the number of repetitions performed, or the time required to complete each repetition. A feature-guided hidden Markov model (HMM) based algorithm is developed for performing the segmentation. In a sequence of unlabelled data, motion segment candidates are found by scanning the data for velocity-based features, such as velocity peaks and zero crossings, which match the pre-determined motion templates. These segment potentials are passed into the HMM for template matching. This two-tier approach combines the speed of a velocity feature based approach, which only requires the data to be differentiated, with the accuracy of the more computationally-heavy HMM, allowing for fast and accurate segmentation. \n\nThe proposed algorithms were verified experimentally on a dataset consisting of 20 healthy subjects performing rehabilitation exercises. The movement data was collected by IMUs strapped onto the hip, thigh and calf. The joint angle estimation system achieves an overall average RMS error of 4.27 cm, when compared against motion capture data. The segmentation algorithm reports 78% accuracy when the template training data comes from the same participant, and 74% for a generic template.
Performance improvement in PM machine using two-piece stator design (2018)

Miniature permanent magnet (PM) brushless motors used in Industrial power tool application require high torque and efficiency. Further, the size constraints imposed by the hand-held tool requires the use of high torque density motor. Therefore, by utilizing the stator slot area to achieve the required number of amperes turns is important while considering the low-cost motor solution. Existing single-piece stator lamination design has poor conductor fill factor in the slots due to manual insertion of the coils in the narrow slot opening. Hence to solve the poor slot fill factor (SFF) and to simplify the winding process, the stator lamination is split into two-parts and the pre-wound coils are placed outwards in the open slots. This results in increased SFF and result into 22% improvement on motor regulation. The FEA based the simulation is carried out and simulated motor performance is validated with experimental results. In addition, the challenges during the prototype motor build is discussed.
Reusing and Retargeting On-Chip Instrument Access Procedures in IEEE P1687 (2012)

This paper discusses the reuse and retargeting of test instruments and test patterns using the IEEE P1687 standard in an era where reuse of existing functional elements and integration of IP blocks is accelerating rapidly. It briefly discusses the deficiencies of existing 1149.1 (JTAG) and 1500 standards and demonstrates how the new standard, P1687, plugs these exposures by specifying JTAG as an off-chip to on-chip interface to the instrument access infrastructure. It provides a simple example to underscore the need for the standard and then builds on this example to show how the standard can be used for more complex situations.
Magnetic stimulation of muscle evokes cerebral potentials (1991)

Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) were recorded from the scalp in man to magnetic stimulation of various skeletal muscles. The potentials consisted of several components, the earliest of which decreased in latency as the stimulated site moved rostrally, ranging from 46 msec for stimulation of the gastrocnemius, to 14 msec for stimulation of the deltoid. Experiments were performed to distinguish the mechanisms by which magnetic stimulation of the muscle was effective in evoking these cerebral potentials. For the gastrocnemius, the intensity of the magnetic stimulus needed for evoking cerebral potentials was less than that required for activating mixed or sensory nerves in proximity to the muscle belly (eg, posterior tibial nerve in the popliteal fossa, sural nerve at the ankle). Vibration of the muscle or passive lengthening of the muscle, procedures which activate muscle spindles, were accompanied by a significant attenuation of the potentials evoked by magnetic stimulation of the muscle. Anesthesia of the skin underlying the stimulating coil had no effect on the latency or amplitude of the early components of the magnetically evoked potentials, whereas electrically evoked potentials from skin electrodes were abolished. Thus, the cerebral potentials accompanying magnetic stimulation of the muscle appear to be due to activation of muscle afferents. We suggest that magnetic stimulation of muscle can provide a relatively simple method for quantifying the function of muscle afferents originating from a wide variety of skeletal musculature.
Technique and application of anticorrosion coatings prepared by Sol-gel method (2005)

Anticorrosion coatings prepared by Sol-gel method could exhibit excellent chemical durability, oxidation prohibition and corrosion resistance for the substrates, so they had the potential to substitute the conversion technique of the toxic substance of chromate which was traditionally used for increasing corrosion resistance of material to lower environmental contamination. This method was an environmentally friendly technique of surface modification. To present the processes and characteristics of the method, the application and recent development of Sol-gel method applied on different metal substrates, such as stainless steel, aluminum, copper and their alloys, were introduced in detail. That applying Sol-gel method to prepare anticorrosion coatings could effectively inhibit corrosion processes of metal substrates caused by aggressive media and prolong application term of material in practical environment was therefore analyzed. The primary explanations for the formation and anticorrosion mechanism of Sol-gel coatings were theoretically given, and the long-term outlook for the application of this method was also briefly made.
Scalability of Redundancy Detection in Focused Document Collections (2002)

We describe the application of primarily symbolic methods to the task of detecting logical redundancies and inconsistencies between documents in a medium sized, domain focused collection (1000–40,000 documents). Initial investigations indicate good scalability prospects, especially for syntactic and semantic processing. The difficult and largely neglected task of mapping from linguistic/semantic representations to domain tailored knowledge representations is potentially more of a bottle-
Frequency-domain and multirate adaptive filtering (1992)

An overview is presented of several frequency-domain adaptive filters that efficiently process discrete-time signals using block and multirate filtering techniques. These algorithms implement a linear convolution that is equivalent to a block time-domain adaptive filter, or they generate a circular convolution that is an approximation. Both approaches exploit the computational advantages of the FFT. Subband adaptive filtering is also briefly described. Here the input data are first processed by a bank of narrowband bandpass filters that are approximately nonoverlapping. The transformed signals are then decimated by a factor that depends on the degree of aliasing that can be tolerated, resulting in a large computational savings. Several performance issues are considered, including convergence properties and computational complexities of the adaptive algorithms and the effects of circular convolution and aliasing on the converged filter coefficients.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Mathematical Model for Computer Image Tracking (1982)

A mathematical model using an operator formulation for a moving object in a sequence of images is presented. Time-varying translation and rotation operators are derived to describe the motion. A variational estimation algorithm is developed to track the dynamic parameters of the operators. The occlusion problem is alleviated by using a predictive Kalman filter to keep the tracking on course during severe occlusion. The tracking algorithm (variational estimation in conjunction with Kalman filter) is implemented to track moving objects with occasional occlusion in computer-simulated binary images.
Effect of oxidation and surface roughness on the shear strength of single-lap-joint adhesively bonded metal specimens by tension loading (2016)

An experimental investigation was performed to study the effect of surface roughness and oxidation on the shear strength of single-lap-joints of AA6061, AA7075 aluminum alloys and an AISI 1080 steel alloy bonded with two different epoxy adhesives. An optimum surface roughness that provided the maximum shear strength was obtained for all the alloys at room temperature. The variation of the shear stress due to the different heat treatment temperatures revealed that the oxides developed on the alloy surfaces adversely affected the adhesive shear strength. The bulk concentration of magnesium of the aluminum alloys were also observed to affect the adhesive shear strength of the joints.