gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Social assessment report for marginalized groups (2015)

The development Objective of Youth Employment Opportunities Project for Kenya is to increase employment and earnings opportunities for targeted youths. Some of the negative impacts and mitigation measures include: (i) family breakdown that result from busy employment schedules that require one to be away from the family, thus the need for a sensitization on work-life balance (ii) exposure to alcohol, gambling and other social vices, sensitization of beneficiaries on the negative effects of drugs and substance abuse required; (iii) beneficiary communities rendered extinct due to intermarriages and assimilation to other dominant communities, thus need to sensitize the beneficiaries on the need to adhere to their cultural heritage;(iii) loss of livelihood since they rely on traditional ways of for nourishment and survival; (iv) social disruption of the beneficiaries from their traditional way of life; and (v) existing tensions between Vulnerable and Marginalized Groups (VMGs) and dominant communities in project areas may provide an opportunity for such tensions to flare up into open conflicts.
Characterization of a Calf Diarrheal Coronavirus (1976)

SUMMARY A coronavirus-like agent isolated from feces of a calf with diarrhea and attenuated by consecutive passage in a fetal bovine kidney cell line was characterized as a coronavirus. Negatively stained virions were approximately circular, had a mean diameter of 120 nm, and were covered with wide-spaced, petal-shaped projections about 20 nm long. Virions in ultrathin sections of infected cell monolayers had a mean diameter of 80 nm, lacked surface projections, and were found within cytoplasmic vesicles. Viral antigen was demonstrated by immunofluorescence microscopy to occur only in cytoplasm. Growth of the virus was not inhibited by 5-iodo-2′-deoxyuridine and actinomycin D. The virus was sensitive to ether, chloroform, deoxycholate, and heat treatment. However, thermosensitivity was stabilized in the presence of 1 M MgCl 2 ; at pH 3, the virus was stable. Hemadsorption and hemagglutination were observed with erythrocytes of hamsters, mice, and rats but not with erythrocytes of cats, dogs, goats, sheep, cattle, horses, turkeys, chickens, guinea pigs, rabbits, geese, pigs, and man (type O). However, hemadsorption and hemagglutination were shown to be virus specific, since this could be inhibited by specific antiserum. Both infectivity and hemagglutinating activity were maximal at a particle density of 1.18 g/ml by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, indicating that hemagglutinin was part of the virion.
Circumventing Antivector Immunity: Potential Use of Nonhuman Adenoviral Vectors (2014)

Adenoviruses are efficient gene delivery vectors based on their ability to transduce a wide variety of cell types and drive high-level transient transgene expression. While there have been advances in modifying human adenoviral (HAdV) vectors to increase their safety profile, there are still pitfalls that need to be further addressed. Preexisting humoral and cellular immunity against common HAdV serotypes limits the efficacy of gene transfer and duration of transgene expression. As an alternative, nonhuman AdV (NHAdV) vectors can circumvent neutralizing antibodies against HAdVs in immunized mice and monkeys and in human sera, suggesting that NHAdV vectors could circumvent preexisting humoral immunity against HAdVs in a clinical setting. Consequently, there has been an increased interest in developing NHAdV vectors for gene delivery in humans. In this review, we outline the recent advances and limitations of HAdV vectors for gene therapy and describe examples of NHAdV vectors focusing on their immunogenicity, tropism, and potential as effective gene therapy vehicles.
Cytochrome P4502E1 induction increases thioacetamide liver injury in diet-restricted rats. (2001)

Earlier studies have shown highly exaggerated mechanism-based liver injury of thioacetamide (TA) in rats following moderate diet restriction (DR) and in diabetes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the mechanism of higher liver injury of TA in DR rats. Since both DR and diabetes induce CYP2E1, we hypothesized that hepatic CYP2E1 plays a major role in the bioactivation-based liver injury of TA. When male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-275 g) were maintained on diet restriction (DR, 35% of ad libitum fed rats, 21 days) the total hepatic microsomal cytochrome P450 (CYP450) was increased 2-fold along with a 4.6-fold increase in CYP2E1 protein, which corresponded with a 3-fold increase in CYP2E1 activity as measured by chlorzoxazone hydroxylation. To further test the involvement of CYP2E1, 24 and 18 h after pretreatment with pyridine (PYR) and isoniazid (INZ), specific inducers of CYP2E1, male Sprague-Dawley rats received a single administration of 50 mg of TA/kg (i.p.). TA liver injury was >2.5- and >3-fold higher at 24 h in PYR + TA and INZ + TA groups, respectively, compared with the rats receiving TA alone. Pyridine pretreatment resulted in significantly increased total CYP450 content accompanied by a 2.2-fold increase in CYP2E1 protein and 2-fold increase in enzyme activity concordant with increased liver injury of TA, suggesting mechanism-based bioactivation of TA by CYP2E1. Hepatic injury of TA in DR rats pretreated with diallyl sulfide (DAS), a well known irreversible in vivo inhibitor of CYP2E1, was significantly decreased (60%) at 24 h. CCl(4) (4 ml/kg i.p.), a known substrate of CYP2E1, caused lower liver injury and higher animal survival confirming inhibition of CYP2E1 by DAS pretreatment. The role of flavin-containing monooxygenase (FMO) in TA bioactivation implicated by previous in vitro studies, and consequent increased TA-induced liver injury in DR rats was tested in vivo with a relatively selective inhibitor of FMO, indole-3-carbinol, and then treated with 50 mg of TA/kg. FMO activity and alanine aminotransferase levels measured at different time points revealed that TA liver injury was not decreased although FMO activity was significantly decreased, suggesting that hepatic FMO is unlikely to bioactivate TA. These findings suggest induction of CYP2E1 as the primary mechanism of increased bioactivation-based liver injury of TA in DR rats.
Netrin-1 mediates neuronal survival through PIKE-L interaction with the dependence receptor UNC5B (2008)

Netrins, a family of secreted molecules, have critical functions in axon guidance and cell migration during neuronal development. In addition to its role as a chemotropic molecule, netrin-1 also acts as a survival factor. Both UNC5 (that is, UNC5A, UNC5B, UNC5C or UNC5D) and DCC are transmembrane receptors for netrin-1 (Refs 8, 9). In the absence of netrin-1, DCC and UNC5 act as dependence receptors and trigger apoptosis. However, how netrin-1 suppresses the apoptotic activity of the receptors remains elusive. Here we show that netrin-1 induces interaction of UNC5B with the brain-specific GTPase PIKE-L. This interaction triggers the activation of PtdIns-3-OH kinase signalling, prevents UNC5B's pro-apoptotic activity and enhances neuronal survival. Moreover, this process relies strongly on Fyn because PIKE-L is tyrosine phosphorylated in response to netrin-1, and the netrin-1-mediated interaction of UNC5B with PIKE-L is inhibited in Fyn-null mice. Thus, PIKE-L acts as a downstream survival effector for netrin-1 through UNC5B in the nervous system.
Eu<sub>2</sub>Si<sub>5</sub>N<sub>8</sub>and EuYbSi<sub>4</sub>N<sub>7</sub>. The First Nitridosilicates with a Divalent Rare Earth Metal (1997)

The crystal structures of dieuropium penta siliconocta­nitride, Eu2Si5N8, and europium ytterbium tetrasiliconheptanitride, EuYbSi4N7, are based on three-dimensional networks of corner-sharing SiN4 tetrahedra. Eu2Si5N8 is isotypic with the previously reported Sr and Ba analogues; EuYbSi4N7 is isotypic with SrYbSi4N7 and BaYbSi4N7.
Tunable bioelectrodes with wrinkled-ridged graphene oxide surfaces for electrochemical nitrate sensors (2016)

Morphological transitions from wrinkles to localized ridges are realized in the graphene oxide layer of a bioelectrode by simple stretching and relaxing, which allow tuning and improving the sensing characteristics of the enzymatic nitrate sensor.
Apolipoprotein E ε4 Allele, Elevated Midlife Total Cholesterol Level, and High Midlife Systolic Blood Pressure Are Independent Risk Factors for Late-Life Alzheimer Disease (2002)

The association between the apoE epsilon4 allele and Alzheimer disease does not seem to be mediated by vascular factors. The apoE epsilon4 allele, elevated midlife total cholesterol level, and high midlife systolic blood pressure are independent risk factors for Alzheimer disease. The risk for Alzheimer disease from treatable factors--elevated total cholesterol level and blood pressure--appears to be greater than that from the apoE epsilon4 allele.
3-D Computations of Premixed-Charge Natural Gas Combustion in Rotary Engines (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A three-dimensional model for premixed- charge naturally-aspirated rotary engine combustion is used to identify combustion chamber geometries that could lead to increased indicated efficiency for a lean (equivalence ratio =0.75) natural gas/air mixture. Computations were made at two rpms (1800 and 3600) and two loads (approximately 345 Kpa and 620 Kpa indicated mean effective pressure). Six configurations were studied. The configuration that gave the highest indicated efficiency has a leading pocket with a leading deep recess, two spark plugs located circumferentially on the symmetry plane (one after the minor axis and the other before), a compression ratio of 9.5, and an anti-quench feature on the trailing flank.</div>
Efficient activation of p53 pathway in A549 cells exposed to L2, a novel compound targeting p53–MDM2 interaction (2009)

The tumor suppressor p53 plays a key role in the regulation of cell cycle, apoptosis, DNA repair, and senescence. It acts as a transcriptional factor, and is able to activate various genes to exert specific functions. MDM2, the main regulator of p53, inhibits the function of p53 through direct interaction. On the basis of this finding, inhibiting the MDM2-p53 interaction can be a potentially important target for cancer therapy. We showed here that L2, an analog of small-molecule MDM2 antagonist nutlins, stabilized p53 and selectively activated the p53 pathway in p53 wild-type A549 cells, resulting in a pronounced antiproliferation effect through inducing cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Meanwhile, we confirmed by immunoprecipitation analysis that L2 could also inhibit MDM2-p53 interaction, similar to nutlin-1. Real-time PCR results revealed that L2 had no effect on the p53 gene transcriptional level, but it could induce the upregulation of p21 at the transcriptional level, which was the downstream of p53. Therefore, we concluded that the accumulation of p53 caused by L2 was mainly because of the decrease of the protein degradation rather than the elevation of p53 gene expression. Furthermore, no phosphor-p53 formed after L2 treatments, indicating that a genetoxic mechanism was unlikely to contribute to the activation of p53 by L2. In conclusion, the data acquired from A549 cells indicated that L2 exhibited high antiproliferation activity by disrupting MDM2-p53 interaction, and that the mechanism was derived from the activation of p53 and the p53 pathway. It was also surprising that L2 showed high antiproliferation effect against p53 null HL60 cells, which was quite different from nutlin-1. G2/M phase arrest might have contributed to the high antiproliferation activity of L2 on HL60 cells. The changes of p53 and MDM2 protein levels in L2-treated HL60 cells indicated that the mechanisms involved in the cell cycle arrest in A549 and HL60 cells were probably different, to which our future research would be devoted.
A9145, a New Adenine-Containing Antifungal Antibiotic: Fermentation (1973)

A9145 is a basic, water-soluble, antifungal antibiotic which is produced in a complex organic medium by Streptomyces griseolus. The metabolite has a molecular weight of 510, and contains adenine as well as sugar hydroxyl and amino groups. Although glucose, fructose, glucose polymers, and some long-chain fatty acid methyl esters supported biosynthesis, oils were superior, with cottonseed oil being preferred. Several ions and salts, especially Co(2+), PO(4) (3-), and CaCO(3), were stimulatory. Adenine, nucleosides, and some amino acids increased the accumulation of A9145 in shaken-flask fermentors. Enrichment of the culture medium with tyrosine afforded maximal enhancement of antibiotic production in both flask and tank fermentors. Control of the dissolved O(2) level was also critical, the optimal concentration being 3 x 10(-2) to 4.5 x 10(-2) mumole of O(2)/ml. Optimization of various fermentation parameters increased antibiotic titers approximately 135-fold in shaken flask fermentors and 225-fold in stirred vessels.
Attaining specificity in the measurement of ethanol in breath. (1990)

In most cases, new breath alcohol measuring devices satisfy the requirements for accuracy and precision. All instruments however, have responded to some substances other than ethanol. In this area of instruments specificity for ethanol there is scope for further development. Substances other than ethanol may be distinguished as interfering substances by the use of two methods of ethanol detection. One example of this is dual-wavelength infra-red detection. Alternatively, infra-red detection could be coupled to a fuel-cell or Taguchi cell detector. Comparison of the two readings obtained should allow most substances other than ethanol to be distinguished as interfering substances. Two instruments using two modes of ethanol detection are the Intoximeter 3000 (3.4 um infra-red plus Taguchi cell) and the BAC DataMaster (dual wavelength infra-red). These have proved unsuitable because of incomplete specificity for ethanol, largely because acetone appears to be considered the only potential interfering substance. In the selection of two modes of ethanol detection, each system must be chosen such that a comparison of the response from each mode would indicate a wide range of possible interfering substances, not just acetone. A performance specification has been developed, against which future commercial instruments will be evaluated.
A clock recovery for 2.56 GSymbol/s MIPI C-PHY receiver (2017)

A 2.56 GSymbol/s receiver including clock recovery circuit is proposed for the mobile industry processor interface (MIPI) C-PHY version 1.0. The clock recovery circuit using a dynamic logic generates a clock signal sensing at least one transition among three received data. Furthermore, it removes a glitch noise generated due to the delay mismatch of three high-speed receivers using a deglitch circuit. The proposed C-PHY receiver including clock recovery circuit is implemented using a 0.11-μm CMOS process with a 1.2 V supply. The measured peak-to-peak time jitter of the recovered clock is approximately 17.5 ps at a date rate of 2.56 GSymbol/s.
Key antigenic determinants in regulation of the immune response. (1977)

The immune response to beta-galactosidase (beta-D-galactoside galactohydrolase; EC 3.2.1.23)is characterized by a wave of early help followed by a wave of suppression to a subsequent in vitro challenge with galactosidase-fluorescein. A cyanogen bromide peptide of beta-galactosidase, CB2, mimics the suppression seen with the enzyme. It is time dependent, carrier specific, and anti-theta sensitive; however, this suppression is not preceded by a wave of help. It is possible that CB2 cannot stimulate helpers, and is only able to activate suppressor cells. These data indicate that one small region of an antigen, capable of activating suppressors, can nullify the positive effect induced in helper T cells reactive with other epitopes on beta-galactosidase. Key determinants on macromolecules may in this way be influential in regulating the immune response to the entire antigen molecule.
The Arm Risc Chip: A Programmer's Guide (1994)

Consuming less power than a small torch but with the might of a desktop computer, Advanced Risc Machines Ltd (ARM) processors are the revolutionary chips at the heart of the new hand-held personal digital assistants (PDAs)including Apple's Newton. A unique reference to the ARM architecture and interface, this book shows you how to harness their power. Features produced in collaboration with ARM Lt provides detailed listings of the ARM instruction set and assembler synta includes extensive programming examples and actual listings from experienced ARM programmers
A pyrenesulfonyl-imidazolium derivative as a selective cyanide ion sensor in aqueous media (2015)

Unlocking of probe <bold>2</bold> with CN<sup>−</sup> ions leads to its minimum detection limit of 0.5 μM (13 ppb).
A Vision-Based Method to Find Fingertips in a Closed Hand (2012)

Hand gesture recognition is an important area of research in the field of Human Computer Interaction (HCI). The geometric attributes of the hand play an important role in hand shape reconstruction and gesture recognition. That said, fingertips are one of the important attributes for the detection of hand gestures and can provide valuable information from hand images. Many methods are available in scientific literature for fingertips detection with an open hand but very poor results are available for fingertips detection when the hand is closed. This paper presents a new method for the detection of fingertips in a closed hand using the corner detection method and an advanced edge detection algorithm. It is important to note that the skin color segmentation methodology did not work for fingertips detection in a closed hand. Thus the proposed method applied Gabor filter techniques for the detection of edges and then applied the corner detection algorithm for the detection of fingertips through the edges. To check the accuracy of the method, this method was tested on a vast number of images taken with a webcam. The method resulted in a higher accuracy rate of detections from the images. The method was further implemented on video for testing its validity on real time image capturing. These closed hand fingertips detection would help in controlling an electro-mechanical robotic hand via hand gesture in a natural way.
An approach for assessment of tumor volume from mammography in locally advanced breast cancer. (2008)

Tumor size is an important independent indicator in patients with carcinoma of the breast. Repeated size measurements during primary systemic therapy produce detailed information about response that could be used to select the most effective treatment regimen and to estimate the patient's prognosis. Measurement of tumor burden with ultrasonography and computed tomography is being used with increasing frequency to assess the effectiveness of cytotoxic anticancer drugs. Standardization of assessment and results reporting are important steps that aim at increasing the amount of usable therapeutic information at the physician's disposal. The purpose of our study is to calculate the tumor volume by mammography after demagnification and compare the tumor volume measured from this method with ultrasonography volumes.
Community based repository for georeferenced traffic signs (2017)

Traffic sign maintenance requires periodic on-site inspection to determine if signs are in good conditions and visible, both day and night. However, periodic inspections are time and cost consuming. Another issue is related to the drivers awareness to the traffic signs on the road. Many factors may potentially contribute to a driver missing a sign, such as the sign being damaged or occluded, or distraction caused by the many gadgets inside the vehicle. We propose a dual purpose community based approach. On the one hand, each driver can use his mobile device to detect, recognize and geolocate traffic signs, contributing to the traffic sign central repository. Detection is performed using cascade classifiers, while a convolutional neural network support the recognition phase. The repository, based on the information received from the clients, can be used to provide reports about sign status, preventing the need for global inspections and providing the information required for more direct and timely inspections. On the other hand, the drivers would have access to the database of traffic signs therefore being able to receive real-time notifications regarding traffic signs such as speed limit signs, school proximity, or road construction signs.
A Study of the Optimal Data Rate for Minimum Power of I/Os (2006)

Power dissipation of multi-gigabit per second parallel input-output (I/O) links is an integral part of total integrated circuits (IC) power dissipation. This brief presents an optimal data rate per I/O link at which the power dissipation is minimized. The data rate is expressed as a function of the transmission channel's frequency response. The impact of considering the power due to on-chip electronic switching depends on the process technology of the IC. The analysis results show that an upper bound for the data rate exists based on the channel's frequency response and that the upper bound is being approached with more advanced process technologies
Charge-remote fragmentations of closed-shell ions. A thermolytic analogy (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCharge-remote fragmentations of closed-shell ions. A thermolytic analogyJeanette Adams and Michael L. GrossCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 2, 435–440Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00184a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00184a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views204Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Hyperosmotic NaCl and severe hemorrhagic shock (1980)

Intravenous infusions of highly concentrated NaCl (2,400 mosmol/l; infused volume 4 ml/kg; equivalent to 10% of shed blood), given to lightly anesthetized dogs in severe hemorrhagic shock, rapidly restore blood pressure and acid base equilibrium toward normality. No appreciable plasma volume expansion occurs for at least 12 h, indicating that fluid shift into the vascular bed plays no essential role in this response. Initial effects wee sustained indefinitely; long term survival was 100%, compared to 0% for a similar group of controls treated with saline. Hemodynamic analysis of the effects of hyperosmotic NaCl showed that these infusions substantially increase mean and pulse arterial pressure, cardiac output and mesenteric flow, whereas heart rate was slightly diminished. These effects immediately follow infusions with no tendency to dissipate with time (6-h observation). We conclude that hyperosmotic NaCl infusions increase the dynamic efficiency of the circulatory system, enabling it to adequately handle oxygen supply and metabolite clearance, despite a critical reduction of blood volume.