gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison study of maximum power point tracker techniques for PV systems (2010)

These results suggest that noncancerous lesions of the biliary epithelium in patients with pancreaticobiliary maljunction have mutations of the K- ras gene and/or the p53 gene, which provides genetic evidence that biliary epithelium has high carcinogenic potential.
Pain in patients with cancer: Still a long way to go (2007)

1Consultant in Palliative Medicine, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK 2Consultant and Macmillan Professorial Teaching Fellow in Palliative Medicine, United Bristol Healthcare Trust, Bristol, UK *Corresponding author. Tel.: +44 117 9283507; fax: +44 117 9283865. E-mail: [email protected]
Fas Signaling in Thyroid Carcinomas Is Diverted from Apoptosis to Proliferation (2006)

In thyroid carcinomas, the proteolytic cleavage and activation of caspase-8 depends on the balance between expression levels for procaspase-8 and FLIP and correlates with favorable clinical prognosis. Fas may actually stimulate proliferation and confer a survival advantage to thyroid cancer cells.
Organic Acids in Carbonate Acidizing (2003)

Abstract This paper discusses the use of organic acid as a stimulation fluid in carbonate formations. Organic acids such as acetic or formic acid have been used for many years as alternatives to HCl, due to the retarded reaction rate, low corrosivity and reduced tendency to form acid-oil sludge in asphaltene rich crudes. In Venezuela, organic acids were pumped in acid fracturing treatments in deep hot limestone formations. Case histories are discussed in the paper. Although these treatments were very successful, optimization of the design was hampered by the fact that models for organic acid-carbonate spending did not exist. In this paper a new model for acid spending is proposed that can be used for strong acids (HCl) and for weak (organic) acids and also for acid mixtures. Compared to existing (HCl) models the only new element is the acid dissociation constant, describing the differences between strong and weak acids. The model was verified by comparing simulated reaction rates with rates actually measured in the laboratory with the rotating disk. Results of acid fracture simulations, comparing etched length and width of organic acid with HCl acid are also discussed in this paper.
Robust Doppler spread estimation in nonisotropic scattering environments (2003)

A new parametric approach is proposed for estimation of the maximum Doppler frequency, or equivalently the mobile speed, in narrowband mobile radio channels. Such information is of interest as it reveals the channel's rate of change, which can be used to improve the performance of many wireless communication subsystems. In this work, simple and efficient Doppler frequency estimators are formulated based on using a small number of samples of the channel autocorrelation function. Unlike previous approaches, the chosen parameterization is shown to be robust in a microcellular propagation environment, which may be characterized by nonisotropic scattering and/or a specular component. Simulation results are described to illustrate the effects of additive noise and the finite data record performance.
50 fs pulses from an all-normal dispersion erbium fiber oscillator (2010)

We present a mode-locked, all-normal-dispersion erbium-doped fiber oscillator generating output pulses with broadband spectra covering the range from 1475 to 1620 nm. The oscillator operates at a repetition rate of 109 MHz with output pulse energies of 1.6 nJ. Mode-locked operation is achieved by use of nonlinear polarization evolution in combination with a birefringent filter. The output pulses are dechirped with an external prism compressor to a duration of 50 fs.
Polymyxin B and Colistin (1964)

GRAM-negative bacilli, in particular pseudomonas species, are of increasing concern to the clinician as infectious and therapeutic problems.1 , 2 Accordingly, polymyxin B has grown to singular importance as its utility to the treatment of systemic infections caused by pseudomonas species has been appreciated and exploited.In 1961 colistin was introduced as an agent that supposedly retained the antibacterial merit of polymyxin B in a polypeptide compound of lesser inherent nephrotoxic liability. From the outset, the striking pharmacologic and chemical similarities of colistin to the entire polymyxin group of antibiotics, including polymyxin B, were recognized.3 4 5 6 However, critical comparison of these agents, taking . . .
Database Sampling to Support the Development of Data-Intensive Applications (2000)

A prototype database is a model of a database which exhibits the desired properties, in terms\nof its schema and/or data values, of an operational database. Database prototyping has been\nproposed as a technique to support the database design process in particular, and the whole\ndata-intensive application development process in general (e.g. requirements elicitation, software\ntesting, experimentation with design alternatives). Existing work on this area has been\nwidely ignored in practice mainly on the grounds that its benefits, i.e. an increase in the\nquality of the resulting software systems, do not justify the costs of developing and using a\nsatisfactory prototype of the database under construction.\nIncreasingly more software development projects consist of extending or enhancing existing\nsystems, as opposed to developing new ones. Legacy information systems migration\nand WEB-enabling existing systems are examples where operational data can be expected\nto be available at development time. In these types of projects, using the entire operational\ndatabase may not be cost-effective and a carefully selected subset may be more appropriate.\nThe availability of operational data and a database schema can significantly reduce the effort\nrequired to build an appropriate prototype database to support the project at hand. The\nbenefits of using such a prototype, with domain-relevant data and semantics, can also be\nexpected to be higher than in those cases where software is developed from scratch and thus\nan operational database may not be available from which to build a prototype database.\nThis thesis investigates how a prototype database can be constructed from an existing\ndatabase. A prototype database which is populated with data from an operational database\nis referred to as a Sample Database; when it is populated using synthetic data values, it is\ncalled a Test Database. The context in which prototype databases in general, and Sample
Long-haul soliton WDM transmission with periodic dispersion compensation and dispersion slope compensation (1999)

A 20 Gb/s-based soliton wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) transmission experiments using periodic dispersion compensation and dispersion slope compensation were demonstrated. Accumulated dispersion slope was compensated with two methods. The first method was periodical individual dispersion compensation. By using this technique, 60 Gb/s (20 Gb/s/spl times/3 WDM) transmission over 8000 km was demonstrated. The second method was the use of a dispersion-flattened transmission fiber. 160 Gb/s (20 Gb/s/spl times/8 WDM) transmission over 4000 km using periodically dispersion compensated dispersion-flattened fiber was also demonstrated.
Design and Syntheses of Anti-Tuberculosis Agents Inspired by BTZ043 Using a Scaffold Simplification Strategy (2014)

Tuberculosis (TB), a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is a global public health concern because of the emergence of various resistant strains. Benzothiazin-4-ones (BTZs), represented by BTZ043, are a promising new class of agents for the treatment of tuberculosis and have been shown to kill Mtb in vitro, ex vivo, and in mouse models of TB. Herein we report the design and syntheses of nitroaromatic sulfonamide, reverse-amide, and ester classes of anti-TB agents using a scaffold simplification strategy based on BTZ043. The presented work explores the effect of functional groups such as sulfonamides, reverse-amides, and esters that are attached to the nitroaromatic rings on their anti-TB activity. The in vitro activity of the compounds evaluated against the H37Rv strain of Mtb show that nitroaromatic sulfonamides and nitrobenzoic acid esters with two nitro substituents were most active and highlights the importance of the electronic character (electron deficient aromatic ring) of the nitroaromatic ring as a central theme in these types of nitroaromatic anti-TB agents.
Dielectric waveguide vertically coupled to all-silicon photodiodes operating at telecommunication wavelengths (2013)

We present a method for detecting light in the 1550 nm wavelength window based on a silicon nitride waveguide that is vertically coupled to a silicon photonic crystal cavity. The absorption in silicon arises from deep-levels created by ion implantation, thereby providing excellent CMOS compatibility. We demonstrate a responsivity of 0.108 A/W at −10 V reverse bias with a dark current of 9.4 nA. Our work demonstrates one of the smallest wavelength selective photodectors realised to date. By cascading such detectors we also demonstrate a two-channel demultiplexer.
<title>In-vivo intraocular ranging by wavelength tuning interferometry</title> (1998)

Recently, wavelength tuning interferometry was suggested as an alternative technique for distance measurements. Compared to partial coherence interferometry, it has the advantages of needing no high precision mechanically moving components and the capability of measuring several distances simultaneously in very short time. We report on first measurements of intraocular distances in human eyes in vivo using a distributed Bragg reflector laser diode with a tuning range of 2 nm. We were able to measure the anterior chamber depth, the lens thickness, the vitreous depth, the axial eye length, and to estimate the thickness of the retina. The resolution is approximately 150 micrometer optical distance.
A low-loss bandpass filter using electrically coupled high-Q TM/sub 01 delta / dielectric rod resonators (1988)

For a TM/sub 01 delta / mode dielectric rod resonator placed coaxially in a TM/sub 01/ cutoff circular waveguide, characteristics such as the resonant frequency, its temperature coefficient, the unloaded Q, and the other resonances are discussed on the bases of accurate calculations using the mode-matching method. The results show that this resonator compares favorably with a conventional TE/sub 01 delta / mode dielectric resonator, particularly for realization of a high unloaded Q. Analytical results also verify that interresonator coupling between these two resonators can be expressed equivalently by a capacitively coupled LC resonant circuit. A four-stage Chebyshev filter having a ripple of 0.035 dB and an equiripple bandwidth of 27 MHz at a center frequency of 11.958 GHz was fabricated using these resonators. Its insertion loss is 0.5 dB, which corresponds to an unloaded Q of 17000, and no spurious response appears in the frequency range below 17 GHz.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultra-high coercivity small-grain FePt media for thermally assisted recording (invited) (2012)

Thermally assisted magnetic recording (TAR), a promising approach to extend data storage densities beyond 1 terabit/in.2, requires high anisotropy granular magnetic media with small grains and a tight grain size distribution. We demonstrate sputtered chemically ordered granular L10 Fe45Pt45Ag10 media using carbon segregant on glass substrates. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy reveal high chemical ordering, an average grain size of 〈D〉 = 7.2 nm and a size distribution as low as σD/〈D〉=16%. Magnetic properties studied with a vibrating sample magnetometer show Hc = 4.8 T, Hk &gt; 9 T, and Ku &gt; 4.5 × 107 erg/cm3. Drag testing of this media shows recording areal densities of 620 Gb/in.2.
The disilanes Cp*SiCl <sub>2</sub> SiH <sub>3</sub> and Cp*SiH <sub>2</sub> SiH <sub>2</sub> Cp* (2015)

Abstract Hydrogenation of Cp*SiCl 2 SiCl 3 ( A ) (Cp*=C 5 Me 5 ) with diisobutylaluminum hydride (DIBAL-H) gave partially hydrogenated disilane Cp*SiCl 2 SiH 3 ( 1 ) with 45% yield, whereas the reaction with lithium aluminum hydride (LiAlH 4 ) provided the well-known Cp*SiH 2 SiH 3 . The symmetric disilane Cp*SiH 2 SiH 2 Cp* ( 2 ) is accessible either by hydrogenation of Cp*SiCl 2 SiCl 2 Cp* ( B ) with DIBAL-H or LiAlH 4 but attempts to partially hydrogenate the disilane B failed. The reaction of B with 1 eq. DIBAL-H afforded a mixture of five different molecules of the type Cp*SiR 1 R 2 SiR 3 R 4 Cp* ( D , R 1 -R 4 =H, Cl) which co-crystallize in a single crystal with a H/Cl ratio of 1/3. Characterization by 1 H and 29 Si NMR, ATR IR spectroscopy, EI mass spectrometry and for 1 and the co-crystal D the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis is presented. Compounds 1 and 2 are thermally stable in the solid state and do not decompose prior to evaporation.
Características da carcaça de bovinos Canchim e Aberdeen Angus e de seus cruzamentos recíprocos terminados em confinamento (1999)

Foram analisadas quatorze características quantitativas das carcaças de 137 machos bovinos inteiros pertencentes aos grupos Canchim (Ca), Aberdeen Angus (Ab), 3/4Ca+1/4Ab, 3/4Ab+1/4Ca, 5/8Ca+3/8Ab e 5/8Ab+3/8Ca, nascidos na Estação Experimental Fazenda Modelo, em Ponta Grossa-PR, no período de 1988 a 1993. As médias para a idade e para o peso ao início do confinamento, duração do confinamento, idade e peso ao abate foram, respectivamente, 737 dias, 356kg, 97 dias, 834 dias e 468kg. Durante o confinamento, os garrotes receberam silagem de milho à vontade mais uma ração concentrada (79% de NDT, 17,8% de PB) fornecida à base de 1% do peso vivo do animal por dia. Os grupos Ca e Ab diferiram entre si para todas as características, exceto para percentagem de costilhar (PEC). O Ca foi superior ao Ab para peso de carcaça quente (PCQ), rendimento de carcaça quente (RCQ), área de olho de lombo (AOL), conformação, percentagem de músculos (PEM), peso da porção comestível da carcaça (PPC) e peso de carcaça quente por dia de vida ao abate (PCQ/DDV). O Ab superou o Ca quanto à espessura de gordura de cobertura (ECG) e à percentagem de gordura (PEG). Houve heterose para PCQ, RCQ, AOL, PPC e PCQ/DDV. As duas gerações avançadas de cruzamentos alternados Ca x Ab apresentaram desempenho superior à média das raças paternas para PCQ, RCQ, AOL, PPC e PCQ/DDV. O desempenho de um esquema alternado de cruzamentos entre Ca e Ab seria melhor que o de qualquer dessas duas criada isoladamente.
Basic pharmacology in medicine (1976)

Designed for second-year medical students, each chapter has been revised and updated. The text stresses mechanisms of action, and includes the latest approaches to therapy.
Semi-Implicit Time-Discretization Schemes for the Bidomain Model (2008)

The bidomain model is a system of partial differential equations used to model the propagation of electrical potential waves in the myocardium. It is composed of coupled parabolic and elliptic partial differential equations, as well as at least one ordinary differential equation to model the ion activity through the cardiac cell membranes. The purpose of this paper is to propose and analyze several implicit, semi-implicit, and explicit time-stepping methods to solve that model, in particular to avoid the expensive resolution of a nonlinear system through the Newton–Raphson method. We identify necessary stability conditions on the time step $\Delta t$ for the proposed methods through a theoretical analysis based on energy estimates. We next compare the methods for one- and two-dimensional test cases, in terms of both stability and accuracy of the numerical solutions. The theoretical stability conditions are seen to be consistent with those observed in practice. Our analysis allows us to recommend using either the Crank–Nicolson/Adams–Bashforth method or the second order semi-implicit backward differention method. These semi-implicit methods produce a good numerical solution; unlike the explicit methods, their stability does not depend on the spatial grid size; and unlike the implicit methods, they do not require the resolution of a system of nonlinear equations.
Interleukin (IL)-10 Induced by CD11b+ Cells and IL-10-Activated Regulatory T Cells Play a Role in Immune Modulation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Rat Islet Allografts (2011)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are suggested to be immune modulators because of their therapeutic potential in transplantation. In the present study, we evaluated the therapeutic potential of autologous MSCs for preventing graft rejection after allogeneic rat islet transplantation. We assessed the ability of MSCs to elicit an antiproliferative response in alloreactive lymphocytes and tested the immunosuppressive effect of MSCs in allogeneic islet transplantation. In islet allotransplantation, injection of autologous MSCs or a subtherapeutic dose of cyclosporine A (CsA; 5 mg/kg) alone did not prolong allograft survival. However, graft survival was attained for >100 d in 33% of autologous MSC-plus-CsA-treated recipients, indicating that graft acceptance was achieved in a subgroup of allograft recipients. Splenocytes from autologous MSC-plus-CsA-treated rats exhibited a reduced mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR)-proliferative response to donor stimulators and increased interleukin (IL)-10 release. Interestingly, after excluding host CD11b(+) cells, splenic T cells from autologous MSC-plus-CsA-treated rats did not produce IL-10 or did not inhibit proliferative responses under the same conditions. The use of autologous MSC-plus-CsA downregulated immune responses, inducing donor-specific T-cell hyporesponsiveness by reducing the production of proinflammatory cytokines and inducing antiinflammatory cytokine production, especially that of IL-10, during the early posttransplantation period. T-regulatory cells made a contribution at a later phase. In conclusion, the combined use of autologous MSCs and low-dose CsA exerted a synergistic immunosuppressive effect in an islet allograft model, suggesting a role for autologous MSCs as an immune modulator.
Zum Thymustod (1901)

Drug Prescribing for Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease in General Practice: a Cross-Sectional Study
Interleukin‐21 differentially affects human natural killer cell subsets (2007)

Interleukin-21 (IL-21) is a cytokine with pleiotropic effects on various cell types including dendritic cells, B cells, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells. To evaluate if IL-21 affects human NK cell subpopulations in a similar fashion, functional studies were performed on CD56(dim) and CD56(bright) NK cells, both bearing IL-21 receptors at identical densities. Stimulation with IL-21 strongly induced proliferation of CD56(bright) NK cells and cytotoxicity against K562 target cells was preferentially augmented in CD56(dim) NK cells. In contrast, stimulation with IL-2 and IL-21 alone or in combination failed to induce interferon-gamma and tumour necrosis factor-alpha production in the two NK cell subsets. Intracellular analysis of signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) proteins revealed that IL-21 by itself induces phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 in CD56(dim) NK cells, and to an even higher degree in CD56(bright) NK cells. In this CD56(bright) NK cell population alone, IL-2 weakly phosphorylated STAT1 and STAT3, which was further increased when cells were treated with the combination of both cytokines. In contrast, STAT5 was strongly phosphorylated only in CD56(bright) NK cells by low-dose IL-2, while IL-21 did not affect STAT5 at all. In summary, we present data indicating that the NK-cell-directed cytokines IL-2 and IL-21 not only affect functions in NK cell subpopulations differently but can also act additively.
Carbon Dioxide in Vascular Imaging and Intervention (1995)

Angiography with iodinated contrast agents is bound up with the risks of contrast-induced nephrotoxicity and hypersensitivity, which led to the idea of using carbon dioxide (CO2) gas as a negative contrast medium to eliminate these drawbacks. During the last decade, refinements and experiences have proved carbon dioxide digital subtraction angiography (CO2-DSA) to be an accurate, safe, and clinically promising vascular imaging modality, with the advantages of no hypersensitivity and no nephrotoxicity as well as minimal patient discomfort. In this article, we have reviewed the history, physical and chemical aspects, techniques, and pathophysiologic changes with the use of CO2-DSA as well as some clinical trials. Applications of CO2 gas in vascular interventions and other imagings, and the advantages and limitations of using CO2 gas in DSA are also discussed.
The effect of disinfectant agents in eliminating the contamination of dental unit water (2003)

High concentrations of water-borne organisms cause multiple public health problems. Contamination of water exiting the dental unit water lines could be inhibited with the use of some disinfectants. The purpose of this investigation was to establish the effect of two disinfectants and to test their capacity to eliminate colony forming units (CFU) per mL. Vacuum lines of four chairs were treated for a total of 2 weeks. Two disinfectants (Bio 2000 and Alpron) were used as per manufacturer's instructions. Water samples for hetereothrophic counts from each unit's air/water syringe line were collected before treating the first patient of the day. Baseline, daily, first and second week samples of 10 mL were plated on blood agar plates and eosin ethylene blue agar. For meosifilic bacterial counts, Mueller Hinton agar plates with 1 mL direct and 1/10 were used in sterile serum and CFU were counted. The suspected colonies were further evaluated using API 20E and API 20NE. No Gram(-) opportunistic pathogens were found during the entire observation. Baseline contamination level (>102 CFU mL-1) without use of disinfectants was significantly higher (P < 0.0001) than at both first and second weeks when disinfectants were used. No colony was formed when Bio 2000 was used after both first and second weeks, whereas small number of CFU mL-1 was found at the end of the first week when Alpron (<10) was used. In conclusion, when used daily, both disinfectants prevent the development of bacterial contamination after first and second weeks with no significant differences (P=0.35).
Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from Vietnamese patients by Southern blot hybridization (1993)

A total of 41 Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains from patients of Vietnamese origin were analyzed by Southern blot hybridization with two different probes, IS6110 (Otal, I., et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:1252-1254, 1991; Ross, B. C., et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:942-946, 1992; Thierry, D., et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 28:2668-2673, 1990; van Soolingen, D., et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 29:2578-2586, 1991) and pTBN12 (Ross, B. C., et al., J. Clin. Microbiol. 30:942-946, 1992). The restriction fragment patterns of nine of these strains were virtually identical when the pTBN12 probe was used; five strains had a single copy of IS6110, and four strains failed to hybridize with the IS6110 probe. This relatively high frequency of strains with no or one copy of IS6110 suggests that the usefulness of IS6110 for epidemiological study may be limited in certain populations.