gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Persistent polarization in poly(vinylidene fluoride). I. Surface charges and piezoelectricity of poly(vinylidene fluoride) thermoelectrets (1975)

Abstract Persistent polarization in poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) thermoelectrets prepared under high electric field strengths has been studied by measurements of surface charge and piezoelectricity. An anomalous heterocharge appears after the normal homocharge disappears. A model is proposed to explain the surface charge phenomena; the anomalous heterocharge is expressed as a sum of a hidden homocharge and a hidden heterocharge. It is concluded that the anomalous heterocharge as well as the apparent homocharge are not responsible for the piezoelectricity of PVDF electrets. The piezoelectricity is shown to depend on the structure of the original PVDF films or the amount of β‐form crystals. However, the piezoelectricity is not attributed to stress dependence of the spontaneous polarization in the β‐form crystal of PVDF, but to the hidden polarization which bring about the anomalous heterocharge. The hidden polarizations are attributed to trapped charges.
Expression of lncRNAs in Low-Grade Gliomas and Glioblastoma Multiforme: An In Silico Analysis (2016)

This work identifies a panel of lncRNAs that appear to be prognostic in gliomas and provides a critical resource for future studies examining the role of lncRNAs in brain cancers.
Theoretical Study of Cooperativity in Biotin (2007)

To give a deeper insight into the widely discussed catalytic mechanism of biotin, four representative model molecules and their aggregates hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) to water molecules were investigated by means of ab initio calculations and compared with molecular dynamics simulations. The roles of the ureido group, the sulfur atom, and the side chain of biotin are examined and discussed, respectively. Some significant H-bonding cooperativities are theoretically demonstrated in the ureido group of biotin. The π-electron delocalization of the ureido group makes the system a good candidate for the H-bonding cooperativities, which in turn increases the covalent character of the corresponding H-bonds and facilitates the electrophilic substitution of the nitrogen atoms in the ureido group. The sulfur of biotin may participate in the delocalized π-electron system of the ureido group via special sulfur−nitrogen bonding interactions, which reinforces the H-bonding cooperativities of the ureido group. The side chain of biotin not only reduced the accessibility of 3-NH due to steric hindrance but also enhanced the H-bonding cooperativities of the ureido group by folding over to hydrogen bond to more water molecules. The folded states are a probable way of activating 1-NH by strong cooperative effects. In addition, the H-bonding cooperativities may be a significant reason for the strong and specific binding between biotin and streptavidin.
Accelerating vapor condensation with daytime radiative cooling (2018)

Vapor condensation plays a crucial role in solar water-purification technologies. Conventional condensers in solar water-purification systems do not provide sufficient cooling power for vapor condensation, limiting the water production rate to $0.4 L m^{-2} hour^{-1}$. On the other hand, radiative dew condensation, a technique used by existing radiative dew condensers, only works at nighttime and is incompatible with solar water-purification technologies. Here, we develop daytime radiative condensers that reflect almost all solar radiation, and can thus create dew water even in direct sunlight. Compared to state-of-art condensers, our daytime radiative condenser doubles the production of purified water over a 24-hour period. The integration of our daytime radiative condenser with solar water-purification systems can increase the water production rate in sunlight from $0.4 L m^{-2} hour^{-1}$ to more than $1 L m^{-2} hour^{-1}$.
Epoxy-Terminated Self-Assembled Monolayers Containing Internal Urea or Amide Groups (2015)

We report the synthesis of new coupling agents with internal amide or urea groups possessing an epoxy-terminal group and trimethoxysilyl-anchoring group. The structural characterizations of the corresponding self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) were performed by polarization modulation infrared reflection adsorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS). The molecular assembly is mainly based on the intermolecular hydrogen-bonding between adjacent amide or urea groups in the monolayers. Because of the steric hindrance of amide or urea groups, the distance between the alkyl chains is too large to establish van der Waals interactions, inducing their disorder. The reactivity of the epoxy-terminal groups was successfully investigated through reaction with a fluorescent probe. We show that SAMs containing internal urea or amide groups exhibited a higher density of accessible epoxide groups than the corresponding long-chain (C22) glycidyl-terminated SAM.
A field investigation of the economic impact of respiratory disease in feedlot calves. (1993)

A trial involving 512 beef calves was conducted in a commercial research feedlot to determine the effect of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) on performance parameters and carcass characteristics. Two hundred and fifty-six calves that were deemed to be "sick" (S) from BRD were allocated to 16 pens and 256 calves that were considered to be "well" (W) were allocated to another 16 pens. The outcome variables that were measured included average daily gain (ADG), daily dry matter intake (DDMI), dry matter intake to gain ratio (DM:G), BRD treatment rate, death loss, carcass traits, and net profit per pen.The data were partitioned into several time intervals including processing (P) to day -1, day 0 to day 27, day 28 to day 55, day 56 to day 83, day 84 to day 111, day 112 to day 139, day 140 to slaughter, day 0 to slaughter (0-Slaugh), and processing to slaughter (P-Slaugh). However, the most important interval was from processing to slaughter.For the interval P-Slaugh, there were no significant (p>/=0.05) differences between the S and W groups with respect to ADG and DM:G. Also, for the interval 0-Slaugh, the DDMI was similar for both groups. There were no significant (p>/=0.05) differences between the S and W groups for carcass weight, average fat, grade fat, rib eye area, marbling score, cutability estimate, or carcass grade distribution.The BRD treatment rates in the S and W groups were 6.6% and 4.7%, respectively. The mortality rates in the S and W groups were 0.78% and 0.39%, respectively. Also, there were no deaths attributable to BRD in either group.In the economic model, there was no significant (p>/=0.05) difference between the S and W groups with respect to net profit per pen.We conclude that this trial did not validate the concept that BRD impacts performance parameters, because a sufficient disease challenge was not present. However, this study provides several observations that will enhance the experimental design of future studies that attempt to quantify the total economic impact of BRD.
The Analysis of Protein-Bound Thiocyanate in Plasma of Smokers and Non-Smokers as a Marker of Cyanide Exposure (2012)

When cyanide is introduced into the body, it quickly transforms through a variety of chemical reactions, normally involving sulfur donors, to form more stable chemical species. Depending on the nature of the sulfur donor, cyanide may be transformed into free thiocyanate, the major metabolite of cyanide transformation, 2-amino-2-thiazoline-4-carboxylic acid or protein-bound thiocyanate (PB-SCN) adducts. Because protein adducts are generally stable in biological systems, it has been suggested that PB-SCN may have distinct advantages as a marker of cyanide exposure. In this study, plasma was analyzed from 25 smokers (chronic low-level cyanide exposure group) and 25 non-smokers for PB-SCN. The amount of PB-SCN found in the plasma of smokers, 1.35 µM, was significantly elevated (p < 0.0001) when compared to non-smokers, 0.66 µM. Differences in sub-groups of smokers and non-smokers were also evaluated. The results of this study indicate the effectiveness of analyzing PB-SCN in determining instances of chronic cyanide exposure with possible extension to confirmation of acute cyanide exposure.
An Animal Model of Attention Deficit (2003)

Attentional dysfunction has been implicated in a variety of psychopathological conditions (Cutting, 1985). Two major syndromes in which such dysfunction is considered to play a central role are attention-defidt hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia. It is not clear to what extent, if at all, attentional deficits described in these disorders share a common mechanism. However, both schizophrenia and ADHD have been linked to dopaminergic (DA) dysfunction, and, if this neurotransmitter system subserves attentional processes, at least partial commonality of mechanism may exist. Indeed, in view of the lack of clarity surrounding the diagnostic criteria for ADHD and schizophrenia and the repeated calls for their nosological reappraisal, the continuing focus in both of these syndromes on the two dysfunctions, attentional and dopaminergic, is rather remarkable. It appears, then, that an animal model of attentional (dys)function that is related to DA (dys)function could benefit the understanding of both disorders. This chapter presents such a model.
Monitoring of temperature effects on animal cell metabolism in a packed bed process (2002)

Animal cell (Chinese Hamster Ovary) concentration was determined on-line in a packed bed process using dielectric spectroscopy. This enabled the evaluation of the effect of temperature on specific metabolic rates during 3 months of continuous culture. The effect of low cultivation temperature on cell growth and metabolism was monitored, and the data were used for process development. At 37 degrees C cells grew exponentially with a specific growth rate of 0.038 d-1 and specific glucose uptake and lactate production rates increased continually. Reduction of the temperature to 33.5 degrees C resulted in a lowering of these metabolic rates while having no effect on cell proliferation. Subsequent reduction of the temperature to 32 degrees C resulted in stabilization of the cell concentration at a high density (3.6 x 10(7) cell per mL of packed bed). In addition, the specific production rate of the protein of interest increased by a factor of 6 compared to the value at 37 degrees C. During the stationary phase at 32 degrees C, all other specific metabolic rates could be controlled to low and constant levels.
Conversion of high-period random numbers to floating point (2007)

Conversion of unsigned 32-bit random integers to double precision floating point is discussed. It is shown that the standard practice can be unnecessarily slow and inflexible. It is argued that simulation experiments could benefit from making better use of the available precision.
Altered longevity‐assurance activity of p53:p44 in the mouse causes memory loss, neurodegeneration and premature death (2010)

The longevity-assurance activity of the tumor suppressor p53 depends on the levels of Delta40p53 (p44), a short and naturally occurring isoform of the p53 gene. As such, increased dosage of p44 in the mouse leads to accelerated aging and short lifespan. Here we show that mice homozygous for a transgene encoding p44 (p44(+/+)) display cognitive decline and synaptic impairment early in life. The synaptic deficits are attributed to hyperactivation of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) signaling and altered metabolism of the microtubule-binding protein tau. In fact, they were rescued by either Igf1r or Mapt haploinsufficiency. When expressing a human or a 'humanized' form of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), p44(+/+) animals developed a selective degeneration of memory-forming and -retrieving areas of the brain, and died prematurely. Mechanistically, the neurodegeneration was caused by both paraptosis- and autophagy-like cell deaths. These results indicate that altered longevity-assurance activity of p53:p44 causes memory loss and neurodegeneration by affecting IGF-1R signaling. Importantly, Igf1r haploinsufficiency was also able to correct the synaptic deficits of APP(695/swe) mice, a model of Alzheimer's disease.
Analysis of the Two Similarity Components of Turbulent Mixing Noise (2002)

It is now widely believed that the turbulence in free shear layers is not completely random, but more coherent and orderly, and that turbulent flows contain both fine-scale and large-scale structures. Both fine-scale turbulence and large-scale turbulence generate noise. Experimental measurements have shown conclusively that the mean flow as well as the turbulence statistics exhibit self-similarity. Based on these observations, Tam et al. (Tam, C. K. W., Golebiowski, M., and Seiner, J. M., Two Components of Turbulent Mixing Noise from Supersonic Jets, AIAA Paper 96-1716, 1996) proposed that because noise is generated by the turbulence of the jet, the noise spectra generated by fine-scale and large-scale turbulence should also exhibit self-similarity. By the examination of a large set of supersonic jet noise data acquired at NASA Langley Research Center, Tam et al. offered evidence that the turbulent mixing noise of high-speed jets does consist of two, independent self-similar components. We first provide additional independent confirmation of the universal shapes of the two components of mixing noise for a single jet. The significance of an important effect, due to atmospheric absorption, is illustrated with detailed analysis of The Boeing Company jet noise data. The Tam et al. analysis is based on the examination of data from single-stream nozzles. We provide evidence from the analysis of noise from dual-stream nozzles that the measured spectra in the forward quadrant and near-normal angles conform to the shape of the fine-scale spectrum, regardless of nozzle geometry and operating conditions. We clearly demonstrate that the spectral shape associated with the large-scale structures of single jets does not characterize the noise of coaxial jets at large aft angles. Finally, we show that the noise of hot subsonic jets at low angles also conform to the shape of the fine-scale spectrum.
Intelligent Robots and Computer Vision VI (1987)

These proceedings from a conference on intelligent robots and computer vision, contain papers on the following topics: pattern recognition, image processing, tactile sensors, parallel computation of image displacement fields, and object recognition.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Double Carbonylation of Aryl Halides Affording α‐Kelo Amides. (1986)

Abstract In Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen entstehen bei der Palladium‐katalysierten Carbonylierung der o‐Halogenacetanilide (I) mit wechselnden Ausbeuten das doppelte Carbonylierungsprodukt (II) und das Amid (III).
Proofs of ownership in remote storage systems (2011)

Cloud storage systems are becoming increasingly popular. A promising technology that keeps their cost down is deduplication, which stores only a single copy of repeating data. Client-side deduplication attempts to identify deduplication opportunities already at the client and save the bandwidth of uploading copies of existing files to the server. In this work we identify attacks that exploit client-side deduplication, allowing an attacker to gain access to arbitrary-size files of other users based on a very small hash signatures of these files. More specifically, an attacker who knows the hash signature of a file can convince the storage service that it owns that file, hence the server lets the attacker download the entire file. (In parallel to our work, a subset of these attacks were recently introduced in the wild with respect to the Dropbox file synchronization service.) To overcome such attacks, we introduce the notion of proofs-of-ownership (PoWs), which lets a client efficiently prove to a server that that the client holds a file, rather than just some short information about it. We formalize the concept of proof-of-ownership, under rigorous security definitions, and rigorous efficiency requirements of Petabyte scale storage systems. We then present solutions based on Merkle trees and specific encodings, and analyze their security. We implemented one variant of the scheme. Our performance measurements indicate that the scheme incurs only a small overhead compared to naive client-side deduplication.
Biochemical Studies of the Nucleoside Analogue, Formycin (1969)

Abstract The absorption and fluorescence properties of formycin provide a useful tool in the analysis of enzyme-substrate interactions; we have therefore studied selected biochemical properties of formycin nucleotides. Formycin and its derivatives effectively substitute for the corresponding adenosine substrates in a wide variety of enzyme reactions. These include enzymes of nucleotide metabolism, RNA polymerase, polynucleotide phosphorylase, aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases, and the pyrophosphorylase of tRNA. tRNA molecules bearing formycin nucleoside termini are readily aminoacylated and efficiently transfer amino acids into polypeptides. Polymers containing formycin have also been prepared and studied. Certain characteristics of these polynucleotides are paradoxical. Copolymers of formycin are readily synthesized by polymerizing enzymes and efficiently direct polypeptide synthesis in vitro, while the homopolymer of formycin is difficult to synthesize and is inactive in coding experiments.
Effect of Al Contact Pitch on Rear Passivated Solar Cells (2011)

In search of solar cell concepts that allow processing of thinner wafers (<150 μm), the conventional full Al rear side of p-type solar cells is replaced by an open rear metallization combined with a dielectric passivation layer. We estimate that this modification to the cell concept could result in a gain of 0.3-0.4% in absolute efficiency for a rear passivated multi-crystalline solar cell with local contacts. The gain can only be obtained when a well passivating dielectric layer is applied and Al contacts are formed with a high-quality local BSF. Three rear contacting designs are discussed: interconnected point contacts (PERC), bifacial cell with line shaped rear contacts (PASHA) and a bifacial MWT with a web pattern on both sides (ASPIRe). For these cell concepts, the performance of SiNx and Al2O3 as rear passivating layers are discussed in terms of local EQE measurements. A simple equivalent circuit is discussed to describe the parabolic LBIC pattern which is induced by inversion layer shunting between the rear metal contacts. The influence of the fixed charge density and the metallization pitch is discussed.
Tumor Targeting Using Affibody Molecules: Interplay of Affinity, Target Expression Level, and Binding Site Composition (2012)

The optimal affinity of HER2-binding Affibody molecules depends on the expression of a molecular target. At a high expression level (>10(6) receptors per cell), an affinity in the low-nanomolar range is sufficient. At moderate expression, subnanomolar affinity is desirable. The binding site composition can influence the imaging contrast. This information may be useful for development of imaging agents based on scaffold affinity proteins.
Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate Dehydrogenase and Nm23-H1/Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase A (1998)

We have recently discovered an alternative function of the putative metastasis suppressor protein Nm23, which is identical to nucleoside diphosphate kinase, as a protein phosphotransferase in vitro. While purified native Nm23 protein did not phosphorylate other proteins, we could purify a Nm23-associated protein that activates the protein phosphotransferase function; it was identified as a glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) isoenzyme. Co-expression and purification of (His)6-tagged GAPDH in combination with either Nm23-H1 or Nm23-H2 in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells showed that only Nm23-H1, but not Nm23-H2, forms a stable complex with GAPDH. Protein phosphotransferase activity was confirmed for the recombinant GAPDH.Nm23-H1 complex but not for either of the enzymes alone, nor was this activity observed after simple mixing of the purified proteins in vitro. The molecular mass of the highly purified recombinant GAPDH.Nm23-H1 complex suggests that a dimer of GAPDH interacts with a dimer of Nm23-H1. In contrast to the complex with GAPDH, co-expression of Nm23-H1 with antioxidant protein (MER-5) or creatine kinase did not activate the protein phosphotransferase function, indicating that this activation may specifically require GAPDH as a binding partner.
Spectral characteristics of asphalt road aging and deterioration: implications for remote-sensing applications (2005)

We integrate ground spectrometry, imaging spectrometry, and in situ pavement condition surveys for assessment of asphalt road infrastructure. There is strong spectral evidence for asphalt aging and deterioration. Several spectral measures derived from field and image spectra correlate well with pavement quality indicators (e.g., a pavement condition index). However, the potential for mapping is limited by fine spatial resolution requirements (as fine as 0.5 m) and by the spectral confusion between pavement material aging and asphalt mix erosion on the one hand and structural road damages (e.g., cracking) on the other.
AI based tele-operation support through voxel based workspace modeling and automated 3D robot path determination (2004)

The author is developing an intelligent remotely operable robot. Data transfer bandwidth limitations between the local master and the remote slave robot result in constraints on the quality and variety of perceptions that can be presented to the system operator. Machine intelligence at the robot end can alleviate this problem. Based on 'on-line' sensory data, the robot workspace occupancy can be modeled for effective and meaningful 3D representation to the robot operator. The sensory data abstraction is aimed at classifying the robot workspace into free or occupied space, path finding suitable for quick or precise approaches to 'parts to be handled', machine created advice for optimum routing, maneuverability, etc. It is important to develop methods for robust path creation for automated movement of the robot arm without hitting obstacles in the robot's 3D workspace volume. The paper describes the development of methods for 3D volumetric reconstruction of the workspace model through vision based sensing and 3D path finding in the presence of obstacles within the workspace for a 6DoF robot or gantry configuration. Techniques for creating realistic but light models of the workspace occupancy for the specific goal are described. Configuration space model development, obstacle free 3D robot path generation in the workspace and its remote visualization by an operator are dealt with in detail. Several optimization techniques and human intelligence integration are also described.