gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Placental Tissue Concentration of Pregnancy-Associated Proteins in Early and Term Pregnancies (1983)

We examined the localization of five pregnancy-associated proteins such as pregnancy specific beta 1-glycoprotein (SP1), human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG), human placental lactogen (HPL), alpha 2-PA-glycoprotein (SP3) and pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A (PAPP-A) in the placentae of early and term pregnancies by means of the PAP method in immunohistochemical technology. It was found that the degree of staining of these proteins did not reflect their concentration in serum at each gestational age. Therefore, the concentrations of these proteins in the solution extracted from the placenta were measured. 1) Placental tissues were fixed with a 10% neutral formaldehyde solution and these were embedded into paraffin blocks. These specimens were used for the PAP method. The localizations of five pregnancy-associated proteins from 10 placentae at the gestational age of 7 to 10 weeks were compared with those at the gestation age of 38 to 41 weeks from 7 patients. The staining degree of SP1 in free villi was pale in both early and term pregnancies. HCG was stained deeply in early pregnancy but pale at term pregnancy. HPL was stained deeply at both gestational ages. Horseradish peroxidase reaction products from SP1, HCG and HPL were located chiefly in the syncytiotrophoblast. SP3 was not stained on the placental tissue. PAPP-A was stained to a greater extent in the cytotrophoblast in early pregnancy but pale in the syncytiotrophoblast at term pregnancy. 2) The concentrations of SP1, HCG, HPL, SP3 and PAPP-A were measured in the placental tissues in both early and term pregnancies. Placental tissues were obtained from 24 normal pregnancy patients aborted artificially at 8 to 11 weeks gestation and from 28 patients terminated by normal deliveries at 38 to 40 weeks gestation. The tissue was homogenated with 3 volumes of 1/2 PBS (0.005M phosphate-buffered 0.07M sodium chloride, pH 7.4). The supernatant was removed after centrifugation and stored at -20 degrees C until assayed. The concentration of SP1 was measured by single radial immunodiffusion. That of HCG was assayed by a directed Latex agglutination test (Gestate Slide Eiken). The concentrations of HPL, SP3 and PAPP-A were quantified by rocket immunoelectrophoresis. No significant difference in SP1 levels was shown between early and term pregnancies, and the SP1 level was 4.3 +/- 1.3 (mean +/- 1 S.D.) mg/dl at term pregnancy. The HCG level was 1,100 +/- 300 IU/ml in early pregnancy and at least 20-fold higher than that at term pregnancy.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Bi-channel sensor fusion for automatic sign language recognition (2008)

In this paper, we investigate the mutual-complementary functionality of accelerometer (ACC) and electromyogram (EMG) for recognizing seven word-level sign vocabularies in German sign language (GSL). Results are discussed for the single channels and for feature-level fusion for the bichannel sensor data. For the subject-dependent condition, this fusion method proves to be effective. Most relevant features for all subjects are extracted and their universal effectiveness is proven with a high average accuracy for the single subjects. Additionally, results are given for the subject-independent condition, where subjective differences do not allow for high recognition rates. Finally we discuss a problem of feature-level fusion caused by high disparity between accuracies of each single channel classification.
Elements of number theory (1954)

Clear, detailed exposition that can be understood by readers with no background in advanced mathematics. More than 200 problems and full solutions, plus 100 numerical exercises. 1949 edition.
EXERGY STUDY OF THE KALINA CYCLE (1989)

Energy-Utilization Diagrams is a graphic method to describe the exergy losses in industrial processes, i.e., improving the exergy use. We apply the method to a 3MW Kalina bottoming cycle. The Kalina cycle is being developed as a competitive improvement of the Rankine steam cycle. By using an ammonia-water mixture as the working fluid and a condensing system based on absorption refrigeration principles the Kalina bottoming cycle becomes about 10% more efficient than the ordinary Rankine cycle. The Energy-Utilization Diagram of the Kalina cycle is very tight. From this we see that the cycle is very well optimized. NOMENCLATURE c Specific heat e Exergy per unit mass g Gibbs free energy per unit mass h Enthalpy per unit mass p Pressure; pc critical pressure R Gas constant; Rm for mixture s Entropy per unit mass T Temperature; Tb bubble point; Td dew point; Tc critical point; Ts saturation point for a pure component u Energy per unit mass v Volume per unit mass X Ammonia mass fraction; X m for ammonia mol fraction Density Subscripts f Saturated liquid g Saturated vapor l Subcooled liquid m Mixture or mol fraction v Superheated vapor s Saturation sol Solution ∞ Ideal gas EXERGY STUDY OF THE KALINA CYCLE INTRODUCTION Energy-Utilization Diagrams (EUD) is an important engineering tool to improve exergy efficiency of energy conversion systems (Ishida and Zheng, 1986 and Ishida et al., 1987). The exergy losses of the system are shown by a graphical presentation which gives a useful overall description of the process. The use of mixtures as working fluids has opened new possibilities to improve the efficiency of power and refrigeration cycles with less costly equipment. Mixtures may be an important substitute for CFC refrigerants, thus, decreasing environmental problems. The Kalina cycle, which use a ammonia-water mixture, may show 10 to 20% higher exergy efficiency than the conventional Rankine cycle (Kalina, 1984 and El-Sayed and Tribus, 1985). The ammonia-water mixture boils at a variable temperature unlike pure water which boils at a constant temperature. Variable temperature boiling permits the working fluid to maintain a temperature closer to that of the hot combustion gases in the boiler, thus, improving the exergy efficiency, a fact which has been well known among scientist and engineers. But there was no practical, efficient way to condense the mixture back to a fluid for recycling until the Kalina cycle was introduced.
An historically consistent and broadly applicable MRV system based on LiDAR sampling and Landsat time-series (2014)

The authors are developing a REDD+ MRV system that tests different biomass estimation frameworks and components. Design-based inference from a costly fi eld plot network was compared to sampling with LiDAR strips and a smaller set of plots in combination with Landsat for disturbance monitoring. Biomass estimation uncertainties associated with these different data sets in a design-based inference framework was examined. The authors are also testing estimators that rely primarily on Landsat within a model-based inference framework. Contributions from Landsat are current (e.g., 2013) spectral response and metrics describing disturbance history derived from a time-series leading up to the current date. An advantage of the model-based framework is its extension back in time (e.g., to 1990) using a consistent approach based on disturbance history as an indicator of biomass density. This requires use of the older, MSS archive to be fully effective in estimating biomass for the 1990 baseline. The United States, though not a REDD country, is party to the UNFCCC and has a need for similar NGHGI baseline information. The various components of the authors� MRV system will be tested in the United States, where sufficient data are available for parsing the uncertainty contributions of the several system components being tested.
Cascading Techniques for a High-Speed Memory Interface (2007)

A memory interface operating up to 5.3Gb/s in a 70nm standard DRAM process is presented. The interface uses differential point-to-point signaling in a chain of 6 devices, in transparent- or resample-repeat mode. Transparent-repeat mode measurements at 4.8Gb/s show eye reduction of 8% Ul per device due to jitter accumulation. The last device in the repeat chain has an eye opening of 0.5UI at BER < 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> . The transparent-repeat mode consumes 40% less power and has 80% less latency than resample mode
The E1B 19K/Bcl-2–binding Protein Nip3 is a Dimeric Mitochondrial Protein that Activates Apoptosis (1997)

Nip3 (nineteen kD interacting protein-3) is an E1B 19K and Bcl-2 binding protein of unknown function. Nip3 is detected as both a 60- and 30-kD protein in vivo and in vitro and exhibits strong homologous interaction in a yeast two-hybrid system indicating that it can homodimerize. Nip3 is expressed in mitochondria and a mutant (Nip3(163)) lacking the putative transmembrane domain and COOH terminus does not dimerize or localize to mitochondria. Transient transfection of epitope-tagged Nip3 in Rat-1 fibroblasts and MCF-7 breast carcinoma induces apoptosis within 12 h while cells transfected with the Nip3(163) mutant have a normal phenotype, suggesting that mitochondrial localization is necessary for induction of cell death. Nip3 overexpression increases the sensitivity to apoptosis induced by granzyme B and topoisomerase I and II inhibitors. After transfection, both Nip3 and Nip3(163) protein levels decrease steadily over 48 h indicating that the protein is rapidly degraded and this occurs in the absence of cell death. Bcl-2 overexpression initially delays the onset of apoptosis induced by Nip3 but the resistance is completely overcome in longer periods of incubation. Nip3 protein levels are much higher and persist longer in Bcl-2 expressing cells. In conclusion, Nip3 is an apoptosis-inducing dimeric mitochondrial protein that can overcome Bcl-2 suppression.
The influence of the droplet composition on the vapor-liquid-solid growth of InAs nanowires on GaAs (1¯1¯1¯)B by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (2008)

The heteroepitaxial growth of InAs nanowires (NWs) on GaAs (1¯1¯1¯)B substrate was investigated by metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy. The vapor-liquid-solid (VLS) growth mechanism was applied with gold as seed material. InAs NW with two types of morphology were observed. The first morphology type exhibited a tapered NW shape. In a distinct region below the alloy particle the shape was influenced by the precursor surface diffusion. The NW growth was attributed to Au-rich liquid alloy particles containing gallium as a result of the initial Au–GaAs interaction. Differential scanning calorimetry measurements revealed the lowest eutectic temperature of the Au–Ga–In liquid alloy for different compositions. For a considerable amount of gallium inside the ternary alloy, the eutectic temperature was found to be below the InAs NW growth temperature window. A second type of morphology with a more columnlike shape was related to a very high indium fraction inside the liquid alloy particle during VLS growth. These NW exhibited a change in the side facet orientation from {2¯11} to {1¯10} below the droplet. Additionally, the sample structure was studied by transmission electron microscopy. A change in the InAs NW crystal structure from sphalerite-type to mainly wurtzite-type was observed with an increase in the growth temperature.
Optimum Design Method for Hydraulic Engine Mounts (1991)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Hydraulic engine mounts(HEM) are replacing conventional rubber mounts to provide better ride quality and to reduce noise. However, detailed analysis of the HEM is needed to predict ideal performance conditions. In this study, the optimum design of a HEM is modelled using design optimization theory for a dynamic absorber. After determining ideal behavior by simulation, an experimental mounts is designed and tested to verify the model.</div>
Short-term energy storage for wind energy applications (2005)

The need to limit power fluctuations resulting from wind turbine generators (WTG) is becoming more important as wind energy reaches higher levels of penetration. This paper considers the integration of a short-term energy storage device in a doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) design in order to smooth the fast, wind induced power variations. This storage feature can also enhance the low voltage ride through (LVRT) capability. The topology is evaluated in terms of its ability to improve both the steady state and transient performance. The system is modeled in EMTP and a number of cases and configurations are illustrated. Results show that when storage is sized based upon the LVRT requirement, it can provide improved performance both under steady state and during transients when compared with conventional technologies.
Half-MOS Single-Poly EEPROM Cell in Standard CMOS Process (2013)

A novel multiple-time programmable (MTP) single-poly EEPROM cell based on a half-MOS device is presented. The proposed cell is fabricated in a standard complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) process without any additional mask or process step. It is based on a novel approach, which provides many advantages with respect to the state-of-the-art standard MTP cells, in terms of area, program/erase performance, and endurance. A test-chip is fabricated in a standard 0.13 μm CMOS process and extensive experimental results are provided.
Structure of the Antitumour Enzyme L-Methionine  -Lyase from Pseudomonas putida at 1.8 A Resolution (2007)

l-Methionine gamma-lyase (EC 4.4.1.11, MGL_Pp) from Pseudomonas putida is a multifunctional enzyme, which belongs to the gamma-family of pyridoxal-5'-phosphate (PLP) dependent enzymes. In this report, we demonstrate that the three-dimensional structure of MGL_Pp has been completely solved by the molecular replacement method to an R-factor of 20.4% at 1.8 A resolution. Detailed information of the overall structure of MGL_Pp supplies a clear picture of the substrate- and PLP-binding pockets. Tyr59 and Arg61 of neighbouring subunits, which are strongly conserved in other gamma-family enzymes, contact the phosphate group of PLP. These residues are important as the main anchor within the active site. Lys240, Asp241 and Arg61 of one partner monomer and Tyr114 and Cys116 of the other partner monomer form a hydrogen-bond network in the MGL active site which is specific for MGLs. It is also suggested that electrostatic interactions at the subunit interface are involved in the stabilization of the structural conformation. The detailed structure will facilitate the development of MGL_Pp as an anticancer drug.
Maximum-Entropy Method as Applied in Quasi-Crystallography (1991)

Quasi-crystal structures via deciphering diffraction data in the high-dimensional space approach suffer from truncation and background effects, which result from the computation of the inverse Fourier transform of the data. Detailed modelling remains difficult because the shape of the atomic hypersurfaces requires an infinite number of parameters to be properly specified. As an alternative, more fruitful approach, the maximum-entropy method provides useful details of the high-dimensional density map and allows proper renormalization of diffraction patterns.
Cytokeratin fragment 19 (CYFRA 21-1) as a tumor marker in non-small cell lung cancer. (1996)

To evaluate the diagnostic value of the serum cytokeratin 19 fragment (CYFRA 21-1) in bronchogenic carcinoma, we investigated the sera of 138 patients (58 with benign pulmonary disease and 80 with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC)) using immunoradiometric assay. The mean (SD) value of serum CYFRA 21-1 in NSCLC (13.26 (16.54)) was significantly higher than in benign lung diseases (1.74 (1.55)) (p < 0.0001). Sensitivity for CYFRA 21-1 (using 3.5 ng/ml, a cut-off value corresponding to a 95% specificity for benign pulmonary disease) in NSCL was 62%. Positive CYFRA 21-1 levels were significantly higher in 75% of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (n = 36) than in 53% with other NSCLC (n = 44) (p < 0.05). CYFRA 21-1 levels were significantly different between squamous cell carcinoma (17.28 (19.94)) and the other NSCLC (9.96 (12.44)) (P < 0.05). Elevated CYFRA 21-1 levels in patients with stage III and IV disease (n = 64, 18.19 (26.51)) were significantly higher than in stage I and II (n = 16, 4.41 (5.76)) (p < 0.02). The positive rate of CYFRA 21-1 in tumor stage I and II was only 37%. Our results indicate that CYFRA 21-1 may be a useful tumor marker in NSCLC, especially in squamous cell carcinoma. However, CYFRA 21-1 cannot be used for the diagnosis of early stage disease of NSCLC. CYFRA 21-1 may also contribute to the monitoring of NSCLC.
NF-κB activity in transgenic mice: developmental regulation and tissue specificity (1996)

The transcription factor family NF-kappaB/Rel is responsible for the regulation of a large number of cellular genes and some viruses. Since there is a strong similarity between the NF-kappaB/Rel family members and the Drosophila melanogaster protein DORSAL, which is activated early during embryogenesis, we were interested in determining the pattern of NF-kappaB activity during mouse development. Two lacZ reporter constructs, each driven by promoter elements that are dependent on the presence of nuclear NF-kappaB/Rel activity, were used to produce transgenic mice. The analysis of these mice did not identify nuclear NF-kappaB/Rel activity in early development prior to implantation or during the gastrulation processes. Earliest expression of the lacZ transgene was detected on day E12.5. Before birth lacZ expression was seen in discrete regions of the rhombencephalon of the developing brain, in the spinal medulla, in some of the blood vessels and in the thymus. After birth, the NF-kappaB/Rel activity in the thymus remained but nuclear activity was also found in the bone marrow, in the spleen and in the capsule of the lymph nodes. In the central nervous system, drastic changes in NF-kappaB/Rel activity could be observed in the first 3 weeks after birth, when the cortex and the cerebellum reach functional and morphological maturity. Considering the results of the p50, p65, relB and c-rel knock-out mice and our present findings, we believe that the NF-kappaB/Rel proteins known so far are probably not implicated in processes of early development and differentiation of the different tissues, but rather in maintaining their function once matured.
NCAM: a surface marker for human small cell lung cancer cells (1990)

Immunocytochemical and immunochemical techniques were used to study the expression of the neural cell adhesion molecule (NCAM) by human lung cancer cell lines. Intense surface staining for NCAM was found at light and electron microscopic levels on small cell lung cancer cells. The NCAM polypeptide of Mr 140,000 (NCAM 140) was detected by immunoblotting in all of 7 small cell lung cancer cell lines examined and in one out of two of the closely related large cell cancer cell lines: it was not detected in cell lines obtained from one patient with a mesothelioma, in two cases of adenocarcinoma, nor in two cases of squamous cell cancer. In contrast, neuron-specific enolase was found by immunoblotting in all the lung cancer cell lines tested and synaptophysin in all but the adenocarcinoma cell lines. These antigens were localized intracellularly. The specific expression of NCAM 140 by human small and large cell lung carcinomas suggests its potential as a diagnostic marker.
Dielectric relaxation in glassy Se90GexIn10-x (2004)

Frequency and temperature dependence of dielectric constant (e') and dielectric loss (e'') are studied in glassy Se90GexIn10-x, where x = 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 and 10, in the frequency range 1-10 kHz and in the temperature range 293-400 K. The experimental results indicate that no dielectric dispersion exist in glassy Se90Ge10 alloy (x = 10). However, when In concentration increases (x = 8, 6, 4, 2 and 0), dielectric dispersion starts in the above frequency and temperature range. The values of e' and e'' at a particular temperature and frequency increase with the increase in In concentration. An analysis of the observed dielectric loss shows that the Guintini's theory of dielectric dispersion based on two electron hopping over a potential barrier is applicable in the present case. The properties of the Ge-Se system have been studied in detail and it has been established that physical properties in this system are highly composition dependent 1-4 . The addition of third element in binary systems has been quite useful in the understanding of the structure and transport properties in chalcogenide glasses. With this point of view, we have started a study of the Ge-Se system with some metallic additives. We have therefore chosen a glassy system Se90GexIn10-x in which it becomes binary Se90In10 for x = 0 and it becomes binary Se90Ge10 system for x = 10. The properties should show intermediate behaviour at other values of x. The composition dependence of physical parameters are therefore interesting to study in this glassy system.
Knowledge extraction techniques for expert system assisted wafer screening (2002)

The authors describe a procedure for using induction-based classification techniques for identifying relationships between work-in-process (WIP) test structure data and future IC yield at wafer test on a wafer-by-wafer or lot-by-lot basis. The relationships are extracted from databases of previously processed WIP wafer test structure measurements and final wafer yield. They are presented in the form of rules relating WIP data to final yield. It is further shown that these rules, when incorporated into expert systems, can advise the human operator responsible for screening wafers which are likely to produce submarginal yield if processed to completion. These rules also identify the WIP test structure parameters and values which have historically provided the highest and lowest final wafer yields.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Augmenting Mental Chronometry: The P300 as a Measure of Stimulus Evaluation Time (1977)

A technique for measuring the latency of the P300 component of event-related brain potentials on individual trials is described. Choice reaction times and the latency of the P300 were compared under speed-maximizing and under accuracy-mazimising instructions. The choice stimuli required different levels of semantic categorization. The data support the proposition that the latency of P300 corresponds to stimulus evaluation time and is independent of response selection.
Double-layer Fano resonance photonic crystal filters (2013)

We report ultra-compact surface-normal high-Q optical filters based on single- and double-layer stacked Fano resonance photonic crystal slabs on both Si and quartz substrates. A single layer photonic crystal filter was designed and a Q factor of 1,737 was obtained with 23 dB extinction ratio. With stacked double-layer photonic crystal configuration, the optical filter Q can increase to over 10,000,000 in design. Double-layer filters with quality factor of 9,734 and extinction ratio of 8 dB were experimentally demonstrated, for a filter design with target Q of 22,000.