gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Competitiveness and Technical Challenges of Low Cost Wirebond Packaging for High Speed SerDes Applications in ASICs (2007)

This paper discusses the challenges in balancing the wireability, performance, and cost of low cost wirebond packaging for high speed SerDes applications in application specific integrated circuits (ASICs). In-depth analysis was performed using 3D electromagnetic simulation to evaluate the effect on performance of various design factors along the signal path of the wirebond package, including bondwire, microstrip, and ball grid array (BGA) assignment. The tradeoff between wireability and performance of these design factors is discussed. Hardware measurements were performed on a functioning high speed SerDes test site which was designed to optimize wireability for the application while still achieving performance well beyond the 3 gigabits per second (Gbps) data rate for which it was designed. Projections are made concerning design variables that can be adjusted to meet the requirements of wire count, package size, and performance, enabling the ability to design for a broad application space in high speed SerDes applications.
Cryptocurrency Mining – Transition to Cloud (2015)

Cryptocurrency, a form of digital currency that has an open and decentralized system and uses cryptography to enhance security and control the creation of new units, is touted to be the next step from conventional monetary transactions. Many cryptocurrencies exist today, with Bitcoin being the most prominent of them. Cryptocurrencies are generated by mining, as a fee for validating any transaction. The rate of generating hashes, which validate any transaction, has been increased by the use of specialized machines such as FPGAs and ASICs, running complex hashing algorithms like SHA-256 and Scrypt, thereby leading to faster generation of cryptocurrencies. This arms race for cheaper-yet-efficient machines has been on since the day the first cryptocurrency, Bitcoin, was introduced in 2009. However, with more people venturing into the world of virtual currency, generating hashes for this validation has become far more complex over the years, with miners having to invest huge sums of money on employing multiple high performance ASICs. Thus the value of the currency obtained for finding a hash did not justify the amount of money spent on setting up the machines, the cooling facilities to overcome the enormous amount of heat they produce and electricity required to run them. The next logical step in this is to utilize the power of cloud computing. Miners leasing super computers that generate hashes at astonishing rates that have a high probability of profits, with the same machine being leased to more than one person on a time bound basis is a win-win situation to both the miners, as well as the cloud service providers. This paper throws light on the nuances of cryptocurrency mining process, the traditional machines used for mining, their limitations, about how cloud based mining is the logical next step and the advantage that cloud platform offers over the traditional machines.
Augmented trigger mechanisms for groupwork environment (2002)

In a virtual office environment, it is difficult for users to know the state of other users. As mechanisms to solve such difficulties, the trigger mechanisms for groupwork environment are discussed. These mechanisms detect occurrence of events in the system and invoke the corresponding predefined processes, where both the events and the processes can include users' actions. Specification of events, condition and actions for groupwork is discussed together with examples.
Predicting Individual Differences in Placebo Analgesia: Contributions of Brain Activity during Anticipation and Pain Experience (2011)

Recent studies have identified brain correlates of placebo analgesia, but none have assessed how accurately patterns of brain activity can predict individual differences in placebo responses. We reanalyzed data from two fMRI studies of placebo analgesia (N = 47), using patterns of fMRI activity during the anticipation and experience of pain to predict new subjects' scores on placebo analgesia and placebo-induced changes in pain processing. We used a cross-validated regression procedure, LASSO-PCR, which provided both unbiased estimates of predictive accuracy and interpretable maps of which regions are most important for prediction. Increased anticipatory activity in a frontoparietal network and decreases in a posterior insular/temporal network predicted placebo analgesia. Patterns of anticipatory activity across the cortex predicted a moderate amount of variance in the placebo response (∼12% overall, ∼40% for study 2 alone), which is substantial considering the multiple likely contributing factors. The most predictive regions were those associated with emotional appraisal, rather than cognitive control or pain processing. During pain, decreases in limbic and paralimbic regions most strongly predicted placebo analgesia. Responses within canonical pain-processing regions explained significant variance in placebo analgesia, but the pattern of effects was inconsistent with widespread decreases in nociceptive processing. Together, the findings suggest that engagement of emotional appraisal circuits drives individual variation in placebo analgesia, rather than early suppression of nociceptive processing. This approach provides a framework that will allow prediction accuracy to increase as new studies provide more precise information for future predictive models.
A class of directional-coupler-based photonic switching networks (1993)

A class of photonic switching networks composed of directional couplers is proposed. These networks require only two switching stages containing active elements. Both point-to-point and multicast architectures are presented. Various characteristics of the networks are compared to those of networks previously known with respect to insertion loss, SNR, number of crossovers, and number of active elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Allelic interactions heritably alter the activity of a metastable maize pl allele. (1995)

The maize pl locus encodes a transcriptional activator of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes. The Pl-Rhoades (Pl-Rh) allele confers robust purple anthocyanin pigment in several tissues. Spontaneous derivatives of Pl-Rh, termed Pl'-mahogany (Pl'-mah), arise that confer reduced pigment and are meiotically heritable. These derivatives influence other Pl-Rh alleles such that only Pl'-mah alleles are transmitted form a Pl-Rh/Pl'mah heterozygote. Genetic crosses establish that chromosomal segregation distortion does not explain this exclusive transmission and suggest that Pl-Rh invariably changes to Pl'-mah when exposed to Pl'-mah. Such behavior is a hallmark of paramutation. Cosegregation experiments demonstrate that this paramutagenic activity is genetically linked to the pl locus. By visually quantifying pl action through successive crosses, we find that phenotypic expression is inversely related to paramutation at two other maize loci, b and r. Previous analysis of b and r paramutation revealed extensive differences and led to suggestions of distinct molecular mechanisms. Consideration of the common features of all three systems reinvigorates the interpretation that the mechanistic processes of these three allelic interactions are similar.
Characteristics of ABR explicit rate control algorithms in WAN environment (2002)

This paper investigates the characteristics of ABR explicit rate control algorithms in the WAN environment. We also propose two new control algorithms based only on traffic measurement. An ABR service is expected to make it possible to utilize bandwidth effectively by closed-loop congestion control, and several control algorithms have been proposed. However, for WAN environment, a long propagation control delay will affect the effectiveness of control algorithms. Additionally, if a network supports large numbers of connections, some of the algorithms may not work well. Thus, we first categorize the aim and mechanism of control algorithms, including our proposed algorithms. Then, we evaluate their characteristics by simulation in WAN environment from the viewpoint of throughput, robustness, quickness, stability, and fairness. Using this analysis, we discuss their effectiveness in WAN environment.
PCR-based detection of Mycoplasma species. (2006)

In this study, we describe our newly-developed sensitive two-stage PCR procedure for the detection of 13 common mycoplasmal contaminants (M. arthritidis, M. bovis, M. fermentans, M. genitalium, M. hominis, M. hyorhinis, M. neurolyticum, M. orale, M. pirum, M. pneumoniae, M. pulmonis, M. salivarium, U. urealyticum). For primary amplification, the DNA regions encompassing the 16S and 23S rRNA genes of 13 species were targeted using general mycoplasma primers. The primary PCR products were then subjected to secondary nested PCR, using two different primer pair sets, designed via the multiple alignment of nucleotide sequences obtained from the 13 mycoplasmal species. The nested PCR, which generated DNA fragments of 165-353 bp, was found to be able to detect 1-2 copies of the target DNA, and evidenced no cross-reactivity with the genomic DNA of related microorganisms or of human cell lines, thereby confirming the sensitivity and specificity of the primers used. The identification of contaminated species was achieved via the performance of restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) coupled with Sau3AI digestion. The results obtained in this study furnish evidence suggesting that the employed assay system constitutes an effective tool for the diagnosis of mycoplasmal contamination in cell culture systems.
Digital image processing: effect on detectability of simulated low-contrast radiographic patterns. (1984)

Detection studies of simulated low-contrast radiographic patterns were performed with a high-quality digital image processing system. The original images, prepared with conventional screen-film systems, were processed digitally to enhance contrast by a "windowing" technique. The detectability of simulated patterns was quantified in terms of the results of observer performance experiments by using the multiple-alternative forced-choice method. The processed images demonstrated a significant increase in observer detection performance over that for the original images. These results are related to the displayed and perceived signal-to-noise ratios derived from signal detection theory. The improvement in detectability is ascribed to a reduction in the relative magnitude of the human observer's "internal" noise after image processing. The measured dependence of threshold signal contrast on object size and noise level is accounted for by a statistical decision theory model that includes internal noise.
An Agent-Based Simulation Approach for Evaluating the Performance of On-Demand Bus Services (2020)

On-demand multi-passenger shared transport options are increasingly being promoted as an influential strategy to reduce traffic congestion and emissions and improve the convenience and travel experience for passengers. These services, often referred to as on-demand public transport, are aimed at meeting personal travel demands through the use of shared vehicles that run on flexible routes using advanced tools for dynamic scheduling. This paper presents an agent-based traffic simulation model that was developed to evaluate the performance of on-demand public transport and compare it with existing scheduled bus services using a case study of the inner city of Melbourne in Australia. The key performance measures used in the comparative evaluation included quality of service and passenger experience in terms of waiting times, the efficiency of service and operations in terms of hourly vehicle utilization, and system efficiency in terms of trip completion rates, passenger kilometers travelled and total passenger trip times. The results showed significant benefits for passengers who use on-demand bus services compared to scheduled bus services. The on-demand bus service was found to reduce average total passenger waiting times by 89% during the Morning Peak; by 78% during the Mid-Day period; by 81% during the Afternoon Peak; and by more than 95% during other periods of the day. From an operator’s perspective, the on-demand services were found to achieve around 70% vehicle utilization rates during peak hours compared to a utilization rate not exceeding 16% for the scheduled bus services. Even during off-peak periods, the occupancies for on-demand services were almost twice the vehicle occupancies for scheduled bus services. In terms of system efficiency, the on-demand services achieved a trip completion rate of 85% compared to a trip completion rate of 67% for the scheduled bus services. The total passenger-kilometers travelled was similar for both scheduled and on-demand bus services, which refutes claims that on-demand bus services induce more kilometers of travel. The trip completion times were around 55% shorter for on-demand bus services compared to scheduled services, which represents a significant saving in travel time for users. Finally, the paper presents average emissions per completed trip for both types of services and shows a significant reduction in emissions for on-demand services compared to conventional bus services. These include, on average, a 48% reduction in CO2 emissions per trip; 82% reduction in NO emissions per trip; and 41% reduction in p.m.10 emissions per trip. These findings clearly demonstrate the superior benefits of on-demand bus services compared to scheduled bus services.
HCI&#x2041;2 Workbench: A development tool for multimodal human-computer interaction systems (2011)

In this paper, we present a novel software tool designed and implemented to simplify the development process of Multimodal Human-Computer Interaction (MHCI) systems. This tool, which is called the HCI^2 Workbench, exploits a Publish / Subscribe (P/S) architecture to facilitate efficient and reliable inter-module data communication and runtime system management. In addition, through a combination of SDK, software tools, and standardized description / configuration file semantics, the HCI^2 Workbench provides an easy-to-follow procedure for developing highly flexible and reusable modules. Moreover, the HCI^2 Workbench features system persistence and portability by using standardized module packaging method and system configuration files. Last but not least, usability was another major concern. Unlike other similar tool, including Psyclone and ActiveMQ, the HCI^2 Workbench provides a complete graphical environment to support every step in a typical MHCI system development process, including module program development and debugging, module packaging, module management, system configuration, module and system testing, in a convenient and intuitive manner. To help demonstrating the HCI^2 Workbench, we also present a readily-applicable system developed using our tool. This open-source demo system, which is called the CamGame, consists of an interactive system allowing users to play a computer game using hand-held marker(s) and low-cost camera(s) instead of keyboard and mouse.
Infracciones de marcas de la Unión, modelos y dibujos comunitarios: avances en materia de competencia judicial y ley aplicable (2017)

La interacción entre las reglas especiales de competencia del Reglamento sobre la marca de la UE y el Reglamento sobre los dibujos y modelos comunitarios con el régimen general del Reglamento 1215/2012 ha sido objeto muy recientemente de varias sentencias del Tribunal de Justicia. Esta nueva jurisprudencia clarifica, entre otros aspectos, la estructura de las reglas particulares de competencia, el tratamiento de las acciones declarativas negativas de infracción y la virtualidad del fuero de la pluralidad de demandados. En materia de Derecho aplicable reviste particular interés la interpretación por parte del Tribunal de Justicia del artículo 8.2 del Reglamento Roma II y la determinación de la ley aplicable para suplementar al régimen previsto en el instrumento de la Unión respectivo.
Efficient algorithm for the reconstruction of a protein backbone from the α‐carbon coordinates (1992)

Abstract We present an analytical method for generating a whole protein backbone structure from the coordinates of the α‐carbons. The procedure begins by automatically positioning the β‐carbons for every residue, and then the positions of the carbonyl groups and the amide nitrogens are also computed. The method is based upon the simultaneous minimization of a number of geometrical constraints that appear in real proteins and that can be very easily formulated as a set of trigonometric relations between the coordinates of the atoms involved in the backbone reconstruction. The resulting algorithm has been tested for proteins of very different sizes and topologies, and can advantageously compete with other methods proposed for this goal both in accuracy and in computational requirements. Possible ways of further refinement of the resulting structures are discussed.
Alignment issues in packaging for free-space optical interconnects (1994)

The addition of optics to electronics in optoelectronic packaging for free-space optical interconnects alters the nature of electrical packaging design methodologies as well as the complexity of implementation. One such complexity arises from the stringent alignment requirement among the microlaser, computer-generated holographic element, and detector. The alignment achieved in the system is a function of assembly tolerance and working environment conditions such as operating temperature. The impact of these constraints on the alignability of the assembly of free-space optical interconnects is quantitatively analyzed.
Increased Calcium Influx and Ribosomal Content Correlate with Resistance to Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress-induced Cell Death in Mutant Leukemia Cell Lines (2004)

Cell clones were derived by treatment of HL-60 cells with stepwise increasing concentrations of econazole (Ec), an imidazole antifungal that blocks Ca2+ influx and induces endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-related cell death in multiple mammalian cell types. Clones exhibit 20- to more than 300-fold greater resistance to Ec. Unexpectedly, they also display stable cross-resistance to tunicamycin, thapsigargin, dithiothreitol, and cycloheximide but not doxorubicin, etoposide, or Fas ligand. Phenotypic analysis indicates that the cells display increased store-operated calcium influx and resistance to ER Ca2+ store depletion by Ec. E2R2, the most resistant clone, was observed to maintain protein synthesis levels after treatment with Ec or thapsigargin. Expression of GRP78, an ER-based chaperone, was induced by these ER stress treatments but to equal degrees in HL-60 and E2R2 cells. By using microarray analysis, at least 15 ribosomal protein genes were found to be overexpressed in E2R2 compared with HL-60 cells. We also found that ribosomal protein content was increased by 30% in E2R2 as well as other clones. The resistance phenotype was partially reversed by the ribosome-inactivating protein saporin. Therefore, increased store-operated calcium influx, resistance to ER Ca2+ store depletion, and overexpression of ribosomal proteins define a novel phenotype of ER stress-associated multidrug resistance.
THREE PRACTICAL ISSUES FOR MODERN ADAPTIVE TESTING ITEM POOLS1 (1994)

ABSTRACT As adaptive testing moves towards operational implementation in large scale testing programs, where it is important that adaptive tests be as parallel as possible to existing linear tests, a number of practical issues arise. This paper concerns three such issues. First, optimum item pool size is difficult to determine in advance of pool construction. Retrospective results are analyzed for five operational pools; these analyses indicate that item pools of the size and quality of six to eight linear tests are adequate to support adaptive tests of roughly half the length of a parallel linear test. Second, item pools may not support sufficiently low exposure rates for items or a sufficiently small amount of test overlap to maintain test security when testing is conducted on a continuous basis. Various simulations suggest that multiple pools which can be chosen randomly before adaptive testing begins provide a satisfactory solution. Finally, over time it will be necessary to refresh or replace operational item pools. Issues that must be considered in refreshing or replacing item pools are discussed, and guidance is given for establishing benchmark values from initial pools as standards that must be met for adaptive tests from new pools to be considered parallel to adaptive tests from existing pools.
Esterase Activated Carbonyl Sulfide/Hydrogen Sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) Donors (2016)

Hydrogen sulfide (H<sub>2</sub>S) is a mediator of a number of cellular processes, and modulating cellular levels of this gas has emerged as an important therapeutic area. Localized generation of H<sub>2</sub>S is thus very useful but highly challenging. Here, we report pivaloyloxymethyl-based carbonothioates and carbamothioates that are activated by the enzyme, esterase, to generate carbonyl sulfide (COS), which is hydrolyzed to H<sub>2</sub>S.
Road traffic state prediction based on a graph embedding recurrent neural network under the SCATS (2019)

Road traffic state prediction is one of the essential and vital issues in intelligence transportation system, but it is difficult to get high accuracy due to the complicated spatiotemporal characteristics of traffic flow data, especially under the Sydney coordinated adaptive traffic system. In this work, we represent the traffic road network as a graph and propose a novel traffic flow prediction framework named the graph embedding recurrent neural network (GERNN). It could tackle the difficulty in the road traffic state prediction. We conduct numerical tests to compare GERNN with other existing methods using a real-world dataset.
The impact of device type and sizing on phase noise mechanisms (2005)

Phase noise mechanisms in integrated LC voltage-controlled oscillators (VCOs) using MOS transistors are investigated. The degradation in phase noise due to low-frequency bias noise is shown to be a function of AM-PM conversion in the MOS switching transistors. By exploiting this dependence, bias noise contributions to phase noise are minimized through MOS device sizing rather than through filtering. NMOS and PMOS VCO designs are compared in terms of thermal noise. Short-channel MOS considerations explain why 0.18-/spl mu/m PMOS devices can attain better phase noise than 0.18-/spl mu/m NMOS devices in the 1/f/sup 2/ region. Phase noise in the 1/f/sup 3/ region is primarily dependent upon the upconversion of flicker noise from the MOS switching transistors rather than from the bias circuit, and can be improved by decreasing MOS switching device size. Measured results on an experimental set of VCOs confirm the dependencies predicted by analysis. A 5.3-GHz all-PMOS VCO topology demonstrates measured phase noise of -124 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset and -100dBc/Hz at 100-kHz offset while dissipating 13.5 mW from a 1.8-V supply using a 0.18-/spl mu/m SiGe BiCMOS process.
Türkiye faunası için yeni oribatid akarlar (Acari, Oribatida) (2015)

The oribatid mite taxa, Tectocepheus velatus alatus Berlese, 1913 and Neoliodes theleproctus (Hermann, 1804) collected from the Erciyes Mountain (Kayseri) and the Karanlıkdere Valley (Yozgat), were determined as new records for Turkish fauna. The morphological features of these taxa were reviewed on the basis of the collected samples, and also their ecology and geographical distribution were given.