gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Detection of Free Radical Generation in an<i>In Vivo</i>Model of Acute Lung Injury (1991)

Electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy has been used to provide direct evidence that free radical production occurs in an in vivo model of acute lung injury. Two experimental groups of rabbits were given the spin trap alpha-phenyl N-tert.-butyl nitrone (PBN), together with endotoxin in the test group, and saline in the control group. Both groups were subsequently briefly ventilated with air containing cigarette smoke. Plasma samples from the endotoxin pretreated group showed a sudden burst of radical formation, detected as PBN spin adduct, which peaked in the first ten minutes after smoke exposure. No signals were detected in the control group. Permeability of the alveolar capillary barrier of the lung, measured by the clearance of 99mTc-DTPA, demonstrated significantly greater damage following smoke in the endotoxin primed animals than in the controls. Temporal studies suggest that this increase in permeability occurred after a burst of radical production. These studies provide supportive evidence for the hypothesis that endotoxin promotes the accumulation of a population of primed white cells within the lung, which when triggered by cigarette smoke, are able to generate a burst of free radicals which produce tissue damage and acute lung injury.
CAD 프로그램을 이용한 여성 골프웨어 디자인 연구 -캐릭터를 이용한 제품 개발을 중심으로- (2006)

웰빙과 건강에 대한 관심이 증대되는 요즈음 일부 고소득충만의 스포츠 이미지에서 탈피한 골프는 부녀자 층 젊은층 등에서 상당히 대중적 인기를 누리고 있다. 그러나 그에 비해 골프웨어 디자인에 대한 전문적 연구는 미비한 실정이다. 따라서 2005년 유행을 중심으로 디자인CAD를 이용하여 젊은 층을 위한 애니메이션 캐릭터를 응용하여 골프웨어 디자인 개발을 하였고 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 CAD Progrem을 이용하여 신속, 정확한 디자인 표현이 이루어졌다 둘째 애니매이션 캐릭터를 확장, 응용, 개발하여 젊고 경쾌하며 유머러스한 여유와 스포츠 룩의 미와 실용성 있는 디자인을 제시하였다. 셋째 기존의 골프웨어보다 좀더 활동적이고 기능적인 디자인 연구를 하였다. 결론을 토대로 다음과 같은 시사점을 제안해 보았다. 브랜드 업체는 사명감을 갖고 디자인 개발에 집중하여 고부가가치 창출에 집중할 인격 양성이 필요하며 빠르게 변화하는 패션 시장에 신속성과 다양성, 편리성, 효율성, 경제성 등을 위한 패션 디자인 프로그램의 개발과 연구가 계속되어야 할 것이다.
Two-Dimensional Scanning Capacitance Microscopy Measurements of Cross-Sectioned Very Large Scale Integration Test Structures (1996)

Scanning probe technology, with its inherent two‐dimensionality, offers unique capabilities for the measurement of electrical properties on a nanoscale. We have developed a setup which uses scanning capacitancemicroscopy (SCM) to obtain electrical information of cross‐sectioned samples while simultaneously acquiring conventional topographical atomic force microscopy(AFM) data. In an extension of our work on very large scale integration cross sections, we have now obtained one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional SCM data of cross sections of blanket‐implanted, annealed Si wafers as well as special test structures on Si. We find excellent agreement of total implant depth obtained from SCM signals of these cross‐sectioned samples with conventional secondary ion mass spectrometry(SIMS) profiles of the same samples. Although no modeling for a direct correlation between signal output and absolute concentration has yet been attempted, we have inferred quantitative dopant concentrations from correlation to SIMS depth profiles obtained on the same sample. By these means of indirect modeling, we have found that our SCM technique is sensitive to carrier density concentrations varying over several orders of magnitude, i.e., <1×1015 to 1×1020 atoms/cm3, with a lateral resolution of 20–150 nm, depending on tip and dopant level.
Neospora caninum: Specific Oligonucleotide Primers for the Detection of Brain "Cyst" DNA of Experimentally Infected Nude Mice by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) (1996)

Both tachyzoites and bradyzoites in tissue cysts of Neospora caninum are morphologically difficult to distinguish from those of other cyst-forming apicomplexan parasites such as Toxoplasma gondii. Thus, molecular tools may contribute to easy identification of the parasite. Based upon an N. caninum-specific DNA fragment that we have recently cloned, 5 sense (Np1, Np3, Np5, Np7, Np21) and 4 antisense (Np2, Np4, Np6, Np8) oligonucleotides were designed for a sensitive and specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Among 19 combinations of sense and antisense primers, the Np21/Np6, Np21/Np4, and Np7/Np6 primer pairs were found to generate specific single bands in the presence of at least 10 pg genomic parasite DNA as a template. The primer pair Np21/Np6 was able to detect a single tachyzoite in the background of DNA derived from 2 mg of brain tissue. In experimentally infected athymic ICR:nu/nu mice, N. caninum-DNA was detected consistently from brain tissue at days 13 and 18 after subcutaneous inoculation of tachyzoites. The presence or absence of the organisms in the cerebrum in either proliferative or cystic form was examined by immunohistological staining. The results indicate that PCR with the primer pair Np21/Np6 could provide an efficient tool for large-scale epidemiological studies using brain tissue obtained at necropsy.
Abstract 1800: The PARP inhibitor, rucaparib enhances the antitumor activity of 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate radionuclide therapy in preclinical models of neuroendocrine tumor (2015)

Abstract Purpose: Neuroendocrine tumors (NET) are a relatively rare, but heterogeneous group of tumors that arise predominantly in the gastrointestinal tract and bronchopulmonary system. While peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) targeting somatostatin receptor 2 (SSTR2) has proved valuable in the treatment of NET, more effective clinical regimens are needed. In this study we investigated the efficacy of the combination of 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate (LuTate) PRRT and a poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor in well characterised preclinical NET models. Methods: A panel of seven cell lines with neuroendocrine features was characterised for SSTR2 expression, in vivo tumor growth properties, 68Ga-DOTA-octreotate (GaTate) uptake by positron emission tomography (PET) and sensitivity to LuTate. Representative tumor models were then selected to investigate the radiosensitizing potential of the PARP inhibitor, rucaparib when given in combination with LuTate. Results: Wide variation in SSTR2 mRNA and protein expression was observed between the various cell lines. Furthermore, immunohistochemical analysis revealed diffuse cytoplasmic expression of SSTR2 in vitro in contrast to strong cell membrane expression in vivo. Consistent with the in vivo cellular localisation, three tumor models demonstrated high tumor uptake of GaTate, an SSTR2 binding PET tracer used for the diagnosis and staging of NET. All three models responded to treatment with 20 MBq LuTate although the extent of the response was not predicted by SSTR2 expression or GaTate uptake. Treatment of A427-SSTR2 tumour bearing mice with two fortnightly cycles of 25 MBq Lutate in combination with rucaparib (15 mg/kg QD, IP) on days 1-5 of each cycle was well tolerated as assessed by the absence of any body weight loss. LuTate therapy alone induced tumour regression (56%) to day 32 after which the tumours began to regrow. Tumour regression in the combination treated group reached a maximum of 86% on day 35 (P&lt; 0.05 vs LuTate alone), after which the tumors began to regrow. The median conditional survival time of 93 days in the LuTate alone group was significantly increased to greater than 161 days in the combination treated group (P&lt; 0.01, Mantel Cox log rank test). Conclusions: Therapeutic regimens combining LuTate PRRT and PARP inhibitors as radiosensitizers may be an effective strategy for improving cellular responses in NET and warrants further clinical evaluation. Citation Format: Carleen Cullinane, Kelly Waldeck, Peter Eu, Rodney J. Hicks. The PARP inhibitor, rucaparib enhances the antitumor activity of 177Lu-DOTA-octreotate radionuclide therapy in preclinical models of neuroendocrine tumor. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 1800. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-1800
Biomedical Literature Mining (2007)

Despite an influx of molecular data in the form of sequences, structure, transcription profiles etc., most of the protein interaction information relevant to cell biology research still exists strictly in the scientific literature which is written in a natural language that computers cannot easily manipulate. Automatically mining and extracting information from biomedical text holds the promise of easily consolidating large amounts of biological knowledge in computer-accessible form. In this talk, we present a novel approach Bio-IEDM (Biomedical Information Extraction and Data Mining) to integrate text mining and predictive modeling to analyze biomolecular network from biomedical literature databases. Our method consists of two phases. In phase 1, we discuss a semi-supervised efficient learning approach to automatically extract biological relationships such as protein-protein interaction, protein-gene interaction from the biomedical literature databases to construct the biomolecular network. In phase 2, we present a novel clustering algorithm to analyze the biomolecular network graph to identify biologically meaningful subnetworks (communities). The clustering algorithm considers the characteristics of the scale-free network graphs and is based on the local density of the vertex and its neighborhood functions that can be used to find more meaningful clusters with different density level. The experimental results indicate our approach is very effective in extracting biological knowledge from a huge collection of biomedical literatures. The integration of data mining and information extraction provides a promising direction for analyzing the biomolecular network.
Focus on Adoptive T Cell Transfer Trials in Melanoma (2010)

Adoptive Cell Transfer (ACT) of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) in combination with lymphodepletion has proven to be an effective treatment for metastatic melanoma patients, with an objective response rate in 50%-70% of the patients. It is based on the ex vivo expansion and activation of tumor-specific T lymphocytes extracted from the tumor and their administration back to the patient. Various TIL-ACT trials, which differ in their TIL generation procedures and patient preconditioning, have been reported. In the latest clinical studies, genetically engineered peripheral T cells were utilized instead of TIL. Further improvement of adoptive T cell transfer depends on new investigations which seek higher TIL quality, increased durable response rates, and aim to treat more patients. Simplifying this therapy may encourage cancer centers worldwide to adopt this promising technology. This paper focuses on the latest progress regarding adoptive T cell transfer, comparing the currently available protocols and discussing their advantages, disadvantages, and implication in the future.
Role of Oxidants in Lung Injury During Sepsis (2007)

The role of oxidative stress has been well appreciated in the development of sepsis-induced acute lung injury (ALI). Oxidative stress in sepsis-induced ALI is believed to be initiated by products of activated lung macrophages and infiltrated neutrophils, promptly propagating to lung epithelial and endothelial cells. This leads to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. On stimulation, neutrophils (PMNs) enable their migration machinery. The lung undergoes changes favoring adhesion and transmigration of PMNs, resulting in PMN accumulation in lung, which is a characteristic of sepsis-induced ALI. Oxidative stress turns on the redox-sensitive transcription factors (NF-kappaB, AP-1), resulting in a large output of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, which further aggravate inflammation and oxidative stress. During the process, transcription factor nuclear factor-erythroid 2-p45-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and heme oxygenase (HO) appear to play the counterbalancing roles to limit the propagation of oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in lung. Many antioxidants have been tested to treat sepsis-induced ALI in animal models and in patients with sepsis. However, the results are inconclusive. In this article, we focus on the current understanding of the pathogenesis of sepsis-induced ALI and novel antioxidant strategies for therapeutic purposes.
Three‐dimensional imaging of solid breast tumors with ultrasound: preliminary data and analysis of its possible contribution to the understanding of the standard two‐dimensional sonographic images (1991)

Reconstructed three-dimensional sonographic images are presented from patients having different histological types of breast tumors. Scanning is manual and performed using two-dimensional annular array, sector transducers fitted on a mechanical arm, to provide spatial location. The three-dimensional data are displayed using two different modalities. Planar reformatted sections allow the visualization of planes reconstructed along any direction chosen by the operator. Of particular interest are the reconstructions obtained along equatorial planes of the tumors, i.e. planes parallel to the chest wall and, consequently, to the fibroglandular layer of the breast. Volume rendering is obtained using the shaded-surface visualization technique.Three-dimensional imaging provides new information and allows a better interpretation of the standard two-dimensional images. Planar reformatted sections confirm that ductal carcinomas present margin jagging on all views, including the equatorial section planes. Using the shaded-surface visualization technique, these tumors appear with a spiked outer surface. Thus, the most specific sonographic finding associated with ductal carcinomas may be that margin jagging extends over the entire periphery of the mass. On planar reformatted sections, benign tumors are surrounded by a continuous hyperechogenic rim, i.e. the rim is present irrespective of the section plane orientation. Medullary carcinomas are also surrounded by a hyperechogenic rim. However, a clearly distinctive feature of these lesions is found on planar reformatted sections: the rim is discontinuous on certain section planes. A mass can be considered benign only if its rim is continuous, i.e. if it is present all around the tumor.
Biobased composites (2013)

Biobased thermoplastics, such as poly(lactic acid), have attracted much attention in recent years as an alternative to oil-based plastics both in academia and industry. Based on renewable raw materials these polymers offer advantages in terms of decreased dependence on fossil resources and reduced CO2 footprint in accord with sustainability ideas and climate protection. In order to improve the properties of these materials, reinforcement with biobased fibers represents a promising option. An alternative route to glass and natural fiber reinforcement was taken and intensively investigated. The novel approach is based on the use of cellulose man-made fibers, in particular rayon tire cord yarn, as a biogenic reinforcing component. It was demonstrated that short fiber rayon reinforcement leads to dramatic improvements in the mechanical properties of various biobased and partially biobased matrix materials. While stiffness is easily enhanced also with natural fibers, the use of rayon results in considerable improvements in strength and impact properties in contrast to natural fiber reinforcement. For example, an enhancement of more than 500 % was observed in notched Charpy impact strength of poly(lactic acid). In the present contribution results concerning composite mechanical properties will be presented for various biobased matrix materials with special emphasis on the role of the fiber-matrix interphase. By reactive extrusion this interphase can be tailored from being weak (anti-coupling), intermediate (no modification) or strong (covalent coupling). Implications for the composite properties as a function of matrix stiffness will be discussed. Other factors influencing the composite properties such as fiber length and fiber diameter will be considered as well. Finally, some general conclusions will be drawn concerning future work and industrial prospects.
The reconstruction of bioengineered organ by cell manipulation (2006)

It has been expected that technology for reconstitution of an entire organ from single cells for application to organ replacement strategies in regenerative therapy. In our current study, we show that the artificial organ germ, which generates a structurally correct organ, could be reconstituted by cell manipulation. Bioengineered tooth germ was reconstituted from epithelial and mesenchymal single cells, which were separated from E14.5 incisor tooth germ under stereoscopic microscope. Explants reconstituted with the compartmentalization between epithelial and mesenchymal cells at high-cell density could generate structurally correct teeth. Furthermore, individual primordia, which were dissected from the bioengineered tooth germ on day 2 of the organ culture, could generate a single tooth. These observations indicate that the initial cell density and the compartmentalization between cell types, which mimics epithelial mesenchymal cell interaction, are essential for the development of a bioengineered organ germ. Our results have a potential for the application of bioengineered organ in future regenerative therapies
The homeotic protein Six3 is a coactivator of the nuclear receptor NOR-1 and a corepressor of the fusion protein EWS/NOR-1 in human extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcomas. (2003)

Nuclear receptors represent a large family of transcription factors involved in development, differentiation, homeostasis, and cancer. In recent years, a growing number of cofactors has been discovered that participate in the regulation of the transcriptional activity of these proteins. We present in this study the identification of a cofactor, the homeotic protein Six3, which differentially regulates the transcriptional activity of the orphan nuclear receptor NOR-1 (NR4A3). NOR-1 is normally involved in the balance between cell proliferation and cell death, and is implicated in oncogenesis as part of the EWS/NOR-1 fusion protein found in human extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC) tumors. Reverse transcription-PCR analyses indicate that EMC tumors expressing the EWS/NOR-1 mRNA also express mRNAs encoding NOR-1 and Six3. Glutathione S-transferase fusion protein assays show that Six3 binds in vitro the DNA-binding domain of NOR-1 and the EWS domain of EWS/NOR-1 and that the homeodomain of Six3 is required for these interactions. Mammalian two-hybrid experiments, using immortalized human chondrocytes as a model, indicate that Six3 also interacts with NOR-1 and EWS/NOR-1 in vivo. Cotransfection experiments show that Six3 stimulates the transcriptional activity of NOR-1, whereas it represses that of EWS/NOR-1. Considering the highly specific expression pattern of Six3, our finding that it is expressed in EMC suggests that it plays a pivotal role in the development of these tumors. We propose that Six3 maintains a transcriptional balance between the activities of NOR-1 and EWS/NOR-1, the net effect being to deregulate the expression of specific target genes and push the equilibrium toward uncontrolled cell proliferation.
Effects of vane/blade ratio and spacing on fan noise, volume 1 (1983)

The noise characteristics of a high-speed fan were studied. The experimental investigation was carried out on a 50.8 cm (20 in.) diameter scale model fan stage in an anechoic chamber with an inflow turbulence control screen installed. The forty-four blade rotor was tested with forty-eight vane and eighty-six vane stator rows, over a range of aixal rotor-stator spacings from 0.5 to 2.3 rotor tip chords. A two-dimensional strip theory model of rotor-stator interaction noise was employed to predict the measured tone power level trends, and good overall agreement with measured trends was obtained.
Integrated-optic rotating waveplate frequency shifter (1988)

An endless phase-shifter or optical frequency shifter with wide optical bandwidth is described, using a Ti: LiNbO3integrated-optic rotating half-wave waveplate. Conversion efficiency and sideband suppression were 95% and >25dB, respectively, at an operating frequency of 2 MHz.
Imaging of intestinal fibrosis: current challenges and future methods (2016)

Crohn's disease (CD) activity assessments are dominated by inflammatory changes without discrete measurement of the coexisting fibrotic contribution to total bowel damage. Intestinal fibrosis impacts the development of severe structural complications and the overall natural history of CD. Measuring intestinal fibrosis is challenging and existing methods of disease assessment are unable to reliably distinguish fibrosis from inflammation. Both the immediate clinical need to measure fibrosis for therapeutic decision-making and the near-future need for tools to assess pipeline anti-fibrotic medications highlight the demand for biomarkers of fibrosis in CD. Developing non-invasive technologies exploit changes in intestinal perfusion, mechanical properties, and macromolecular content to provide quantitative markers of fibrosis. In this review of existing and experimental technologies for imaging intestinal fibrosis, we discuss the expanding capabilities of quantitative MR and ultrasound imaging, encouraging developments in non-invasive elastography, and emerging novel methods including photoacoustic imaging.
Ultra-Wideband Radio Pulse Shaping Filter Design for IEEE 802.15.4a Transmitter (2009)

In this contribution we design and analyze pulse shaping filters for use in IEEE 802.15.4a transmitters. They are developed and evaluated for channels 1-4 in the low band. We analyze the minimum requirements for IEEE 802.15.4a standard compliance and design passive filters which shape a given input pulse stream at baseband. Further, we simulate these filters by using S-parameter models of available components and optimize the resulting designs for standard compliance of the baseband transmit pulse with an iterative method. Finally, we compare the simulations with measurement results and evaluate our design by means of an IEEE 802.15.4a transmitter application.
Mathematical theory of image straightening with applications to camera calibration (2006)

Extracting quantitative measures from roadway camera images requires calibration of the camera. Roadway features such as fog lines and lane boundaries can provide the information necessary to calibrate the cameras on the fly. In addition, "straightening" the image allows for linear measurements in the image which in turn allows the use of linear correlation to measure features and traffic speed. This paper presents the theory for straightening and camera calibration