gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Runtime and quality tradeoffs in FPGA placement and routing (2001)

Many applications of FPGAs, especially logic emulation and custom computing, require the quick placement and routing of circuit designs. In these applications, the advantages FPGA-based systems have over software simulation are diminished by the long run-times of current CAD software used to map the circuit onto FPGAs. To improve the run-time advantage of FPGA systems, users may be willing to trade some mapping quality for a reduction in CAD tool runtimes. In this paper, we seek to establish how much quality degradation is necessary to achieve a given runtime improvement. For this purpose, we implemented and investigated numerous placement and routing algorithms for FPGAs. We also developed new tradeoff-oriented algorithms, where a tuning parameter can be used to control this quality vs. runtime tradeoff. We show how different algorithms can achieve different points within this tradeoff spectrum, as well as how a single algorithm can be tuned to form a curve in the spectrum. We demonstrate that the algorithms vary widely in their tradeoffs, with the fastest algorithm being 8x faster than the slowest, and the highest quality algorithm being 5x better than the least quality algorithm. Compared to the commercial Xilinx CAD tools, we can achieve a 3x speed-up by allowing 1.27x degradation in quality, and a factor of 1.6x quality improvement with 2x slowdown.
Finite Element Image Warping (2013)

Abstract We introduce a single unifying framework for a wide range of content‐aware image warping tasks using a finite element method (FEM). Existing approaches commonly define error terms over vertex finite differences and can be expressed as a special case of our general FEM model. In this work, we exploit the full generality of FEMs, gaining important advantages over prior methods. These advantages include arbitrary mesh connectivity allowing for adaptive meshing and efficient large‐scale solutions, a well‐defined continuous problem formulation that enables clear analysis of existing warping error functions and allows us to propose improved ones, and higher order basis functions that allow for smoother warps with fewer degrees of freedom. To support per‐element basis functions of varying degree and complex mesh connectivity with hanging nodes, we also introduce a novel use of discontinuous Galerkin FEM. We demonstrate the utility of our method by showing examples in video retargeting and camera stabilization applications, and compare our results with previous state of the art methods.
Chiral-homeotropic liquid crystal cells for high contrast and low voltage displays (1997)

Computer simulations on the display characteristics of chiral-homeotropic liquid crystal cells are performed. This normally black display mode exhibits an excellent contrast ratio, nearly achromatic light transmission, and low operation voltage. The optimal twist angle for suppressing the wavelength and voltage dependencies ranges from 90° to 150°. Promising applications of this operation mode for both transmissive and reflective displays are discussed.
Recent Progress of the Project of the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source (2005)

We report on the recent progress of the project of the Chinese Spallation Neutron Source. The preliminary conceptual designs of the accelerator complex, the target system and the neutron scattering instruments are included.
Parallel Corpora based Translation Resources Extraction (2007)

Este artículo describe NATools, un conjunto de herramientas de procesamiento,\nanálisis y extracción de recursos de traducción de Corpora Paralelo. Entre\nlas distintas herramientas disponibles se destacan herramientas de alineamiento de\nfrases e palabras, un extractor de diccionarios probabilísticos de traducción, un servidor\nde corpus, un conjunto de herramientas de interrogación de corpora y diccionarios\ny así mismo un conjunto de herramientas de extracción de recursos bilingües.
Mitochondrial Oxidant Signalling in Alzheimer's Disease (2007)

The role of free radicals in Alzheimer disease pathophysiology has been appreciated for a long time. Originally, radicals were considered as causative of oxidative damage. More recently their role as signalling molecules in this, as well as in other fields of free radical biology, has been underscored. Mitochondria are both generators and targets of radical damage in aging. In this paper we review evidence that radicals generated in mitochondria in the presence of A beta are signals that trigger both the mitochondrial and the extra-mitochondrial pathways of apoptosis. There are gender specific differences in mitochondrial A beta toxicity: mitochondria from young (but not from old) females appear to be protected. 17-beta Estradiol or phytoestrogens like genistein prevent the formation of oxidants by mitochondria and protect against mitochondrial A beta toxicity. Experiments reported here indicate that phytoestrogens might have a role in the prevention of Alzheimer's disease.
Dextran sulfate sodium inhibits amyloid‐β oligomer binding to cellular prion protein (2015)

Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ), especially its oligomeric form, is believed to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). To this end, the binding of Aβ oligomer to cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) plays an important role in synaptic dysfunction in a mouse model of AD. Here, we have screened for compounds that inhibit Aβ oligomer binding to PrP(C) from medicines already used clinically (Mizushima Approved Medicine Library 1), and identified dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) as a candidate. In a cell-free assay, DSS inhibited Aβ oligomer binding to PrP(C) but not to ephrin receptor B2, another endogenous receptor for Aβ oligomers, suggesting that the drug's action is specific to the binding of Aβ oligomer to PrP(C) . Dextran on the other hand did not affect this binding. DSS also suppressed Aβ oligomer binding to cells expressing PrP(C) but not to control cells. Furthermore, while incubation of mouse hippocampal slices with Aβ oligomers inhibited the induction of long-term potentiation, simultaneous treatment with DSS restored the long-term potentiation. As DSS has already been approved for use in patients with hypertriglyceridemia, and its safety in humans has been confirmed, we propose further analysis of this drug as a candidate for AD treatment. Amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) oligomer-binding to cellular prion protein (PrP(C) ) is important in synaptic dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We found here that dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) inhibits Aβ oligomer binding to PrP(C) . Simultaneous treatment of hippocampal slices with DSS restored long-term potentiation (LTP) in the presence of Aβ oligomers. Since DSS has already been approved for clinical use, we propose this drug is a candidate drug for AD treatment.
<title>Enhancement of viewer comfort in stereoscopic viewing: parallax adjustment</title> (1999)

One of the major deficiencies of stereoscopic visualization, viewer discomfort, can be caused by the non-robustness of human perception or by excessive 3D cues in the viewed images. In order to minimize this discomfort, the amount of parallax within each stereo pair needs to be reduced. Similarly to the case of 'continuous look-around', parallax adjustment requires the knowledge of images from virtual cameras. In the case of parallel geometry, the virtual cameras are located on the line between the true cameras. Since in a general scenario no constraint should be posed on the complexity of the viewed scene, 3D modeling techniques cannot be used. We evaluate the usefulness of parallax adjustment using two view reconstruction methods based on disparity-compensated linear interpolation: a quadtree method with block splitting adapted to object boundaries and a pixel based method. For all, but most complex stereoscopic images tested both algorithms performed very well, especially the pixel-based approach. In terms of the overall usefulness of parallax adjustment, the initial test have shown a very favorable viewer response; the perceived depth was judged to vary smoothly from zero through natural 3D to exaggerated 3D. The adjustment was convincing although not completely free of distortions.
Chinese hamster ovary mRNA-dependent, Na(+)-independent L-leucine transport in Xenopus laevis oocytes. (1992)

In freshly prepared uninjected folliculated oocytes, Na(+)-independent leucine uptake is mediated predominantly by a system L-like transport system. Removal of follicular cells, however, results in an irreversible loss of this transport activity. When total poly(A)+ mRNA derived from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells was injected into prophase-arrested stage V or VI Xenopus laevis oocytes, enhanced expression of Na(+)-independent leucine transport was observed. The injected mRNAs associated with increased levels of leucine uptake were between 2 and 3 kb in length. The newly expressed leucine transport activity exhibited important differences from the known characteristics of system L, which is the dominant Na(+)-independent leucine transporter in CHO cells as well as in freshly isolated folliculated oocytes. The CHO mRNA-dependent leucine uptake in oocytes was highly sensitive to the cationic amino acids lysine, arginine, and and ornithine (> 95% inhibition). As with the leucine uptake, an enhanced lysine uptake was also observed in size-fractionated CHO mRNA-injected oocytes. The uptakes of leucine and lysine were mutually inhibitable, suggesting that the newly expressed transporter was responsible for uptakes of both leucine and lysine. The inhibition of uptake of lysine by leucine was Na+ independent, thus clearly distinguishing it from the previously reported endogenous system y+ activity. Furthermore, the high sensitivity to tryptophan of the CHO mRNA-dependent leucine transport was in sharp contrast to the properties of the recently cloned leucine transport-associated gene from rat kidney tissue, although leucine transport from both sources was sensitive to cationic amino acids. Our results suggest that there may be a family of leucine transporters operative in different tissues and possibly under different conditions.
UHPLC-MS/MS Determination of Ochratoxin A and Fumonisins in Coffee Using QuEChERS Extraction Combined with Mixed-Mode SPE Purification (2015)

A method was developed for simultaneous determination of the mycotoxins: ochratoxin A (OTA) and fumonisins B2 (FB2), B4 (FB4), and B6 (FB6) in green, roasted, and instant coffee. Extraction was performed by QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) under acidic conditions followed by mixed-mode reversed phase-anion exchange solid phase extraction. OTA and FB2 were detected at levels down to 0.5 and 2 μg/kg by UHPLC-MS/MS and quantitated via isotope dilution using U-(13)C-labeled FB2 and OTA as internal standards. Mixing 20% isopropanol in the acetonitrile of the acidic UHPLC gradient system increased the signal intensity by 50% and decreased the ion-suppression with 50-75% in roasted coffee samples. About half of the roasted coffee samples (n = 57, from 9 countries) contained detectable levels of OTA, however, with only 5 samples above the EU regulatory limit of 5 μg/kg and the highest with 21 μg/kg. None of the 25 instant coffee samples contained OTA above the EU regulatory level of 10 μg/kg. Nonetheless, the toxin could be detected in 56% of the analyzed instant coffee samples. Fumonisins were not detected in any of the roasted or instant coffee samples (n = 82). However, in the green coffee samples (n = 18) almost half of the samples were positive with a maximum value of 164 μg/kg (sum of FB2, FB4, and FB6). This discrepancy between green coffee and processed coffees indicated that the fumonisins decompose during the roasting process, which was confirmed in roasting experiments. Here fumonisins could not be detected after roasting of the green, 164 μg/kg coffee, sample. Under the same conditions, OTA was reduced from 2.4 to 0.5 μg/kg.
Valence‐to‐Core X‐Ray Emission Spectroscopy of Iron–Carbonyl Complexes: Implications for the Examination of Catalytic Intermediates (2013)

Valence-to-core X-ray emission spectroscopy (V2C XES) has been applied to a series of compounds relevant to both homogeneous catalysts and intermediates in heterogeneous reactions, namely [Fe(CO)5], [Fe2(CO)9], [Fe3(CO)12], [Fe(CO)3(cod)] (cod=cyclo-octadienyl), [Fe2Cp2(CO)4] (Cp=cyclo-pentadienyl), [Fe2Cp*2(CO)4] (Cp*=tetramethylcyclopentadienyl), and [FeCp(CO)2(thf)][B(ArF)4] (ArF=pentafluorophenyl). DFT calculations of the V2C XES spectra show very good agreement with experiment, which allows for an in depth analysis of the origins of the observed spectral signatures. It is demonstrated that the observed spectral features can be broken down into specific ligand and metal fragment contributions. The relative intensities of the observed features are further explained through a quantitative investigation of the metal 3p and 4p contributions to the spectra. The ability to use V2C XES to separate carbonyl, hydrocarbon, and solvent contributions is highlighted.
Guide to Asphaltene Solubility (2015)

A guide to the solubility of asphaltenes in a range of solvents is constructed through the use of an association model to account for asphaltene nanoaggregation and its effect on phase behavior and Hildebrand solubility parameters to model interactions between aggregates and solvent. Solvents are classified according to their polarity and ability to self-associate (e.g., through hydrogen bonds). In addition, estimates of the contribution of free volume terms to interaction parameters indicate that a further distinction must be made between solvents with flexible molecules (such as the n-paraffins) and those that are relatively inflexible (such as toluene). A “bare” interaction parameter (χ0) is calculated, and it is this parameter that is related to Hildebrand solubility parameters. For nonpolar and weakly polar solvents, a critical value of the solubility parameter difference (Δδc) between an asphaltene or asphaltene component and solvent is calculated to be ±3.5 MPa0.5 at 25 °C for a nonpolar or weakly polar solvents with largely inflexible molecules and a molar volume of 100 cm3/mol. For flexible solvents such as the n-paraffins, free volume effects are larger and Δδc is about ±2.8 MPa0.5. For strongly polar solvents that have limited flexibility, the equivalent critical value of the solubility parameter difference is also calculated to be ±2.8 MPa0.5. Hydrogen bonded solvents like methanol are calculated to be immiscible with asphaltenes, with miscibility being defined as forming a single phase across the composition range (at 25 °C). Miscibility maps are constructed in terms of the calculated phase boundary at the critical point, δA ± Δδc, where δA is the asphaltene component solubility parameter, plotted as a function of solvent molar volume. The solubility of asphaltenes and asphaltene components in various solvents is discussed. The solvent that defines asphaltene identity, toluene, is predicted to dissolve only a limited range of asphaltene components. This is consistent with various reported experimental observations. However, solubility is often defined in terms of an absence of a visible precipitate, and on the basis of recent work in the literature, toluene solutions may contain some microphase-separated material stabilized against further aggregation by steric and kinetic factors.
In Vivo Modification of Native Carrier Protein Domains (2009)

Carrier proteins are central to the biosynthesis of primary and secondary metabolites in all organisms. Here we describe metabolic labeling and manipulation of native acyl carrier proteins in both type I and II fatty acid synthases. By utilizing natural promiscuity in the CoA biosynthetic pathway in combination with synthetic pantetheine analogues, we demonstrate metabolic labeling of endogenous carrier proteins with reporter tags in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and in a human carcinoma cell line. The highly specific nature of the post-translational modification that was utilized for tagging allows for simple visualization of labeled carrier proteins, either by direct fluorescence imaging or after chemical conjugation to a fluorescent reporter. In addition, we demonstrate the utility of this approach for the isolation and enrichment of carrier proteins by affinity purification. Finally, we use these techniques to identify a carrier protein from an unsequenced organism, a finding that validates this proteomic approach to natural product biosynthetic enzyme discovery.
THE CROWN IN THE COMMONWEALTH (1950)

THE CROWN IN THE COMMONWEALTH H.V. HODSON H.V. HODSON Editor, “The Sunday Times” Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Parliamentary Affairs, Volume IV, Issue 1, 1950, Pages 24–31, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.pa.a052769 Published: 01 January 1950
Synthèse et étude de modèles de NADH chiraux et non chiraux en série pyrrolo [3,2-b] pyridine (1990)

Afin d'obtenir des reactifs modeles du NADH non sensibles aux reactions parasites causees par l'eau, differents derives en serie pyrrolo [3,2-b] dihydropyridinique ont ete prepares. L'acces a des precurseurs de ce type de composes se fait par cyclisation, selon une approche [3+3] de derives dicarbonyles avec divers amino-3 pyrroles generes in situ. Cette approche a permis de synthetiser deux reactifs modeles du NADH non chiraux possedant une reactivite interessante vis-a-vis des substrats carbonyles. De nombreuses methodes ont ete testees pour substituer l'azote pyrrolique, la plus efficace etant la methode de Mitsunobu. Un modele portant une chiralite sur cette position a ainsi ete obtenu. Par ailleurs, un modele possedant une copule chirale a la fois sur le cycle pyrrolique et sur le cycle pyridinique a ete synthetise. Il a permis de reduire une cetone activee prochirale avec un exces enantiomerique interessante
Correlation of plasma catecholamine levels with hemodynamic changes in canine endotoxin shock. (1966)

Plasma catecholamine assay. For each assay 35 ml of
Linchpin Synthons:  Metalation of Aryl Bromides Bearing a Potassium Trifluoroborate Moiety (2006)

Aryl bromides bearing a potassium trifluoroborate moiety were subjected to lithium-halogen exchange at low temperature using a variety of alkyllithium reagents. A number of different electrophiles were evaluated in their reactions with the aryllithiums produced therein. Under carefully optimized conditions, potassium bromophenyl trifluoroborates afforded good to excellent yields of the corresponding alcohols (64-94% isolated yield) when aldehydes or ketones were used as the electophilic partner. Esters were unfortunately found to be unreactive.
MicroRNA<i>let-7a</i>modifies the effect of self-renewal gene<i>HIWI</i>on patient survival of epithelial ovarian cancer (2015)

Aberrant expressions of self-renewal gene HIWI and microRNA (miRNA) let-7a are observed in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). A U-shape association between HIWI expression and overall survival is seen in several human cancers but unknown in EOC. HIWI directly and/or indirectly interacts with let-7a, but the clinical relevance of this interaction is yet to be addressed. Here, we analyzed HIWI and let-7a expressions in 211 primary EOC tissues using quantitative reverse-transcription PCR to investigate HIWI and its interaction with let-7a in the prognostic significance of EOC. Associations of HIWI and its interaction with miRNA let-7a with patient survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox proportional hazard regression models. Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that patients with medium HIWI had poorer overall survival than those with low or high HIWI. An 89% increased death risk (HR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.29-2.98) was observed in the medium HIWI group in multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses. Among patients with high let-7a expression, those with medium HIWI had an increased risk of death compared to those with low HIWI (HR = 2.62, 95% CI: 1.30-5.30), whereas among those with low let-7a, no significant association between HIWI expression and overall survival was observed (HR = 1.63, 95% CI: 0.86-3.08). Moreover, HIWI expression also affected chemotherapy response. The results suggested that miRNA let-7a could modify the effect of HIWI expression on patient survival of EOC, expanding our understanding of the clinical relevance of HIWI and let-7a interaction in EOC prognosis. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cryopreservation of fish gametes and embryos (2010)

Cryopreservation of gametes is one of the important ex situ methods of conservation of germplasm and has wide ranging applications in aquaculture and fisheries management. Though sperm cryopreservation has been a success in fishes, yet developing successful protocols for eggs and embryo cryopreservation still remains elusive. Despite successful sperm cryopreservation protocol known for more than 200 fish species, the adoption of the technique at commercial level for fish seed production has been limited. High degree of variability in the procedural requirements and success not only between the species but at times within the species, is considered one of the limiting factors in its utilization. The present paper records the status of gamete cryopreservation in fish species. The paper provides a comprehensive review of various aspects of milt cryopreservation such as milt collection, sperm quality and viability assessment, extender compositions, cryoprotectants equilibration periods, freezing rates, thawing of cryopreserved milt and fertilization of eggs and ultrastructural studies on damages in cryopreserved spermatozoa. The paper also provides a brief review of cryopreservation of fish embryos and embryonic stem cells.
Mapping software faults with web security vulnerabilities (2008)

Web applications are typically developed with hard time constraints and are often deployed with critical software bugs, making them vulnerable to attacks. The classification and knowledge of the typical software bugs that lead to security vulnerabilities is of utmost importance. This paper presents a field study analyzing 655 security patches of six widely used web applications. Results are compared against other field studies on general software faults (i.e., faults not specifically related to security), showing that only a small subset of software fault types is related to security. Furthermore, the detailed analysis of the code of the patches has shown that web application vulnerabilities result from software bugs affecting a restricted collection of statements. A detailed analysis of the conditions/locations where each fault was observed in our field study is presented allowing future definition of realistic fault models that cause security vulnerabilities in web applications, which is the key element to design a realistic attack injector.