gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Web-Net: A Novel Nest Networks with Ultra-Hierarchical Sampling for Building Extraction from Aerial Imageries (2019)

How to efficiently utilize vast amounts of easily accessed aerial imageries is a critical challenge for researchers with the proliferation of high-resolution remote sensing sensors and platforms. Recently, the rapid development of deep neural networks (DNN) has been a focus in remote sensing, and the networks have achieved remarkable progress in image classification and segmentation tasks. However, the current DNN models inevitably lose the local cues during the downsampling operation. Additionally, even with skip connections, the upsampling methods cannot properly recover the structural information, such as the edge intersections, parallelism, and symmetry. In this paper, we propose the Web-Net, which is a nested network architecture with hierarchical dense connections, to handle these issues. We design the Ultra-Hierarchical Sampling (UHS) block to absorb and fuse the inter-level feature maps to propagate the feature maps among different levels. The position-wise downsampling/upsampling methods in the UHS iteratively change the shape of the inputs while preserving the number of their parameters, so that the low-level local cues and high-level semantic cues are properly preserved. We verify the effectiveness of the proposed Web-Net in the Inria Aerial Dataset and WHU Dataset. The results of the proposed Web-Net achieve an overall accuracy of 96.97% and an IoU (Intersection over Union) of 80.10% on the Inria Aerial Dataset, which surpasses the state-of-the-art SegNet 1.8% and 9.96%, respectively; the results on the WHU Dataset also support the effectiveness of the proposed Web-Net. Additionally, benefitting from the nested network architecture and the UHS block, the extracted buildings on the prediction maps are obviously sharper and more accurately identified, and even the building areas that are covered by shadows can also be correctly extracted. The verified results indicate that the proposed Web-Net is both effective and efficient for building extraction from high-resolution remote sensing images.
Context-sensitive trace inlining for Java (2013)

Method inlining is one of the most important optimizations in method-based just-in-time (JIT) compilers. It widens the compilation scope and therefore allows optimizing multiple methods as a whole, which increases the performance. However, if method inlining is used too frequently, the compilation time increases and too much machine code is generated. This has negative effects on the performance. Trace-based JIT compilers only compile frequently executed paths, so-called traces, instead of whole methods. This may result in faster compilation, less generated machine code, and better optimized machine code. In the previous work, we implemented a trace recording infrastructure and a trace-based compiler for [Formula: see text], by modifying the Java HotSpot VM. Based on this work, we evaluate the effect of trace inlining on the performance and the amount of generated machine code. Trace inlining has several major advantages when compared to method inlining. First, trace inlining is more selective than method inlining, because only frequently executed paths are inlined. Second, the recorded traces may capture information about virtual calls, which simplify inlining. A third advantage is that trace information is context sensitive so that different method parts can be inlined depending on the specific call site. These advantages allow more aggressive inlining while the amount of generated machine code is still reasonable. We evaluate several inlining heuristics on the benchmark suites DaCapo 9.12 Bach, SPECjbb2005, and SPECjvm2008 and show that our trace-based compiler achieves an up to 51% higher peak performance than the method-based Java HotSpot client compiler. Furthermore, we show that the large compilation scope of our trace-based compiler has a positive effect on other compiler optimizations such as constant folding or null check elimination.
Silicon nanocluster in silicon nitride: photoluminescence, Raman scattering and ESR studies (2002)

An investigation on the atomic and electronic properties of silicon nitride using Raman, photoluminescence and ESR measurement was conducted. Silicon nitride films with different silicon/nitrogen ratio (SiN/sub x/, 0.6<x<1.3) were prepared. Some of the samples underwent excimer laser annealing to study the formation of crystallites. Raman results show that silicon nanoclusters can be formed in silicon nitride by introducing excess silicon. We also found that the luminescence properties of silicon nitride are governed by the silicon composition. From ESR measurement, we confirm that the silicon trivalent atoms or Si/sub 3/Si centers (g=2.0046) are dominant in samples with excess silicon. This kind of recombination center is responsible for the decrease in luminescence intensity in high silicon concentration samples.
A Luminescent Dye@MOF Platform: Emission Fingerprint Relationships of Volatile Organic Molecules (2014)

Self-assembly of luminescent moieties into porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has generated many luminescent platforms for probing volatile organic molecules (VOMs). However, most of those explored thus far have only been based on the luminescence intensity of one transition, which is not efficient for probing different VOMs. We have synthesized a luminescent MOF material containing 1D nanotube channels, and further developed a luminescent dye@MOF platform to realize the probing of different VOMs by tuning the energy transfer efficiency between two different emissions. The dye@MOF platform exhibits excellent fingerprint correlation between the VOM and the emission peak-height ratio of ligand to dye moieties. The dye@MOF sensor is self-calibrating, stable, and instantaneous, thus the approach should be a very promising strategy to develop luminescent materials with unprecedented practical applications.
Measurement of effective refractive index differences in multimode optical fibers based on modal decomposition (2014)

We demonstrate the nondestructive measurement of the effective refractive index difference of two arbitrary modes within a multimode optical fiber by utilizing a tunable fiber grating. We use a mechanical grating of variable period to couple the respective modes and measure the mode content at the fiber output based on the correlation filter technique. From the dependence of the coupling efficiency on the grating period, the effective index difference of the modes can be extracted with high accuracy.
Manipulating number and function of effector CD8 T cells (IRC9P.710) (2014)

Abstract In response to infection or vaccination, CD8 T cells undergo massive proliferative expansion in numbers followed by a contraction phase where 90-95% of the expanded population is eliminated through apoptosis, with the remaining cells initiating the memory pool. Although basic CD8 T cell kinetics in response to infection and immunization have been described, the mechanisms regulating how memory CD8 T cell numbers are determined remain unknown. The current paradigm regarding memory CD8 T cell numbers states that the size of the memory pool is dictated primarily by the peak numbers achieved after infection or immunization. However, our data directly challenge this paradigm. Here, we demonstrate that DC-immunization and infection models, coupled with stimulatory IL-2/Ab complex treatment, can increase peak effector CD8 T cell numbers over 100-fold with no concurrent increase in memory CD8 T cell numbers post-contraction. Additionally, IL-2/Ab complex treatment not only increases effector CD8 T cell numbers, but also enhances and sustains expression of cytolytic molecules such as granzyme B, 4-1BB, and GITR. Thus, our data dissociate the magnitude of effector CD8 T cell expansion from memory set point, as well as highlight how IL-2/Ab complexes can enhance effector CD8 T cell function. Our findings suggest that IL-2/Ab complex therapy may be useful in short-term elevation of effector CD8 T cell numbers and function for tumor immunotherapy or during infectious disease outbreaks.
Theoretical study of the effects of isovalent coalloying of Bi and N in GaAs (2002)

${\mathrm{GaAs}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}$ alloys have unique properties among the III-V systems to simultaneously lower both the lattice constant and the band gap. Therefore, it has a strong potential for optoelectronic device applications. However, due to the large size mismatch between N and As, the growth of high-quality GaAsN alloy on GaAs substrates is difficult. To overcome this problem, we propose here a material, the ${\mathrm{GaAs}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x\ensuremath{-}y}{\mathrm{N}}_{x}{\mathrm{Bi}}_{y}$ alloy, which can be lattice matched to GaAs with the appropriate ratio between the concentration of Bi and N $(y=1.7x).$ Based on band structure and total-energy calculations we show that coalloying of Bi and N in GaAs lowers the alloy-formation energy and drastically reduces the amount of N needed to reach the 1-eV band gap, which is important for high-efficiency solar cell and infrared-laser applications.
Interrelated Parameters of Gas Turbine Engine Design and Electrical Ignition Systems (1963)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The gas turbine specification and specific areas of the engine design establish the boundaries within which the ignition manufacturer can design ignition system components. It emphasizes the effect of the relationship on the size, weight, cost, and reliability of the ignition system and suggests considerations that can improve these factors. It suggests the need for improved high frequency spark measuring equipment and techniques, and standardization of requirements and ignition system components as aids for future refinements.</div>
Identification of Urinary Peptide Biomarkers Associated with Rheumatoid Arthritis (2014)

Early diagnosis and treatment of rheumatoid arthritis are associated with improved outcomes but current diagnostic tools such as rheumatoid factor or anti-citrullinated protein antibodies have shown limited sensitivity. In this pilot study we set out to establish a panel of urinary biomarkers associated with rheumatoid arthritis using capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry. We compared the urinary proteome of 33 participants of the Scottish Early Rheumatoid Arthritis inception cohort study with 30 healthy controls and identified 292 potential rheumatoid arthritis-specific peptides. Amongst them, 39 were used to create a classifier model using support vector machine algorithms. Specific peptidic fragments were differentially excreted between groups; fragments of protein S100-A9 and gelsolin were less abundant in rheumatoid arthritis while fragments of uromodulin, complement C3 and fibrinogen were all increasingly excreted. The model generated was subsequently tested in an independent test-set of 31 samples. The classifier demonstrated a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 93% in diagnosing the condition, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93 (p<0.0001). These preliminary results suggest that urinary biomarkers could be useful in the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Further studies are currently being undertaken in larger cohorts of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and other athridities to assess the potential of the urinary peptide based classifier in the early detection of rheumatoid arthritis.
Duplicate Code Detection Using Anti-Unification (2008)

This paper describes a new algorithm for finding software clones. It is conceptually independent of the source language of the analyzed programs, working at the level of abstract syntax trees. The algorithm considers that two sequences of statements form a clone if one of them can be obtained from the other by replacing some subtrees. To our knowledge this notion was not previously employed in the literature. It allows to take into account all information on the syntactic structure of a program. We have implemented this algorithm in the tool Clone Digger. It currently supports the Python and Java languages.
Molecular Signaling and Cellular Pathways for Virus Entry (2012)

The cell signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating cellular processes and is often manipulated by viruses as they rely on the functions offered by cells for their propagation. The first stage of their host life is to pass the genetic materials into the cell. Although some viruses can directly penetrate into cytosol, in fact, most virus entry into their host cells is through endocytosis. This machinery initiates with cell type specific cellular signaling pathways, and the signaling compounds can be proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. The activation can be triggered in a very short time after virus binds on target cells, such as receptors. The signaling pathways involved in regulation of viral entry are wide diversity that often cross-talk between different endocytosis results. Furthermore, some viruses have the ability to use the multiple internalization pathways which leads to the regulation being even more complex. In this paper, we discuss some recent advances in our understanding of cellular pathways for virus entry, molecular signaling during virus entry, formation of endocytic vesicles, and the traffic.
A Design of Service Migration Mechanism in HTML5-based Convergence Service (2012)

최근, W3C에서는 웹을 통해 다양한 웹 응용을 제공할 수 있는 기능을 포함하는 HTML5의 표준화가 추진 중이다. 광대역 무선 네트워크의 등장 및 스마트 TV, 태블릿 PC, 스마트 폰과 같은 스마트 단말이 웹 브라우저를 탑재함에 따라 스마트 단말을 통해 언제 어디서나 웹 서비스를 이용하는 것이 가능해졌다. 또한 사용자가 다수의 단말을 보유함에 따라 상황에 맞는 단말을 사용하여 웹 응용을 이용하는 멀티스크린 서비스의 요구가 증가하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 HTML5 기반의 웹 플랫폼에서 웹 객체를 그룹화하는 방안, 이동할 웹 객체의 정보를 추출하는 방안 및 다른 단말로부터 전달받은 웹 객체 정보를 기반으로 새로운 객체를 생성하는 방안을 제안한다. 또한 HTML5 기반 개방형 웹 플랫폼에서 단말 간 웹 응용을 이동하는 웹 서비스 이동 구조를 제안하였으며 이를 구현하여 테스트용 웹 문서와 일반 웹 문서에 대해 크롬 확장기능을 이용하여 검증하였다. 마지막으로 node.js와 웹 소켓을 이용하여 단말 간 객체 정보를 전달하는 메커니즘을 구현하고 제안한 방안을 검증하였다. Recently, the W3C has developed the HTML5 standard which gives the basis for providing various web applications on the web environments. Because of the advent of the smart devices and the broadband wireless network, users can accesse the web applications on the smart devices at anytime and anywhere. In addition, the demand on the multiscreen services, which enables users to use the appropriate device to their situation, has increased, since users have various smart devices. In this paper, we propose the grouping mechanism of web objects on the HTML5 based web platform, the extraction mechanism of the web object information which is used to create the web object on other devices, and the web object creation mechanism based on the received web object information. In addition, we propose the web service migration architecture between devices on the open web platform and implement the grouping, extraction and creation mechanism of the web objects on the test web document and generic web document with Chrome extension. Finally, we implement the delivery mechanism of the web object information between devices using the node.js and the WebSocket technologies.
Output-based objective speech quality measurement using continuous hidden Markov models (2003)

Assessing the quality of speech in communication systems is a very important issue. Traditionally, perceived speech quality has been measured by time-consuming and expensive human (subjective) listening tests. New computer-based objective methods that compare input and output speech records are not realizable in some cases, such as when the input speech is unavailable. So far, output-based objective methods that require only the received speech have received little attention in the literature. This paper proposes a new method of output-based objective speech quality measurement using continuous hidden Markov models (HMMs). A symmetric distance measure is described that measures the similarities between input and output HMMs to provide a quality estimate. The correlation between subjective scores and the objective quality measurements are calculated under a variety of conditions to determine algorithm performance. Two different speech datasets are used for testing. Text independence and speaker independence are tested to evaluate the robustness of the algorithm. Experimental results indicate that this new method is robust against distortion and text, while giving fair performance in speaker dependent tests.
Improved acylation rates within cyclodextrin complexes from flexible capping of the cyclodextrin and from adjustment of the substrate geometry (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTImproved acylation rates within cyclodextrin complexes from flexible capping of the cyclodextrin and from adjustment of the substrate geometryRonald Breslow, Michael F. Czarniecki, Jack Emert, and Hiroshi HamaguchiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1980, 102, 2, 762–770Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00522a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00522a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1119Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Colorimetric Method for Monensin (1973)

Abstract A colorimetric method has been developed for the analysis of monensin, an anticoccidial agent. The principle of the method is adaptable to feeds, premixes, fermentation broth, and crystalline samples. A solution of 3% vanillin in 0.5% sulfuric acid in methanol was used as the color reagent for monensin. The method is simple, fast, sensitive (1 μg/ml), and reproducible. No interference was found with 15 other poultry feed additives.
Wireless Sensor Networks for Machinery Monitoring (2005)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are currently been actively investigated in the research community on account of their unprecedented spatial density of sensors, local computational plus storage capacity, and potential for distributed and fault-tolerant monitoring. Today, they are mainly deployed for environmental monitoring - e.g. for “smart building” control, water quality monitoring, and botanical studies. In the future, it is clear they have a huge potential for industrial applications such as machinery monitoring, shop instrumentation, and process control. Wireless sensor nodes can be mounted on various parts of machinery and plant to promote early fault detection and analysis. Their small size and autonomy enables their placement in locations that are usually difficult to access. In addition, it is also possible, with minimal changes to the machine configuration, to deploy sensors on the machinery after it has been installed. The sensor nodes cannot only monitor their own output but also collaborate with neighboring nodes to determine the health of the overall machines and provide early warnings of potential failure. We study, in this paper, the benefits of using wireless sensor networks in machine tools and plant equipment. We discuss the uses of these networks and the issues that must be addressed in order for these implementations to be successful. We also present two case studies for machinery and machine too monitoring.
Finite difference time-domain calculation of transients in antennas with nonlinear loads (1993)

Transient currents for an antenna with a nonlinear load are calculated using finite-difference-time-domain (FDTD) methods. The FDTD electric field across the nonlinear load (which determines the voltage across the load) is calculated by solving a nonlinear equation at each time step. This allows the time step to be at the Courant limit, and is more efficient than reducing the time step size in all the FDTD cells to maintain stability in just the cell containing the nonlinear load. The stability of this approach relative to a simpler approach of approximating the diode as a variable resistor is demonstrated. As a validation of the method the transient current in a long dipole antenna with a nonlinear load excited by a pulsed plane wave is computed and compared with calculated results obtained by another method. The approach given here extends the applicability of the FDTD method to problems involving radiation and scattering from antennas including nonlinear loads.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Surface texture measurement for additive manufacturing (2015)

The surface texture of additively manufactured metallic surfaces made by powder bed methods is affected by a number of factors, including the powder's particle size distribution, the effect of the heat source, the thickness of the printed layers, the angle of the surface relative to the horizontal build bed and the effect of any post processing/finishing. The aim of the research reported here is to understand the way these surfaces should be measured in order to characterise them. In published research to date, the surface texture is generally reported as an Ra value, measured across the lay. The appropriateness of this method for such surfaces is investigated here. A preliminary investigation was carried out on two additive manufacturing processes—selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM)—focusing on the effect of build angle and post processing. The surfaces were measured using both tactile and optical methods and a range of profile and areal parameters were reported. Test coupons were manufactured at four angles relative to the horizontal plane of the powder bed using both SLM and EBM. The effect of lay—caused by the layered nature of the manufacturing process—was investigated, as was the required sample area for optical measurements. The surfaces were also measured before and after grit blasting.
Asymmetric reduction of various ketones with the sodium salts of .ALPHA.-amino acid borane complexes. (1979)

The sodium salts of amino acid borane complexes (1) produced from equimolar amount of NaBH4 and optically active α-amino acids in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature reduced various ketones to the corresponding optically active alcohols (2-62% optical yield). Sodium prolinate borane complex (2) gave the best results. Asymmetric reduction of (3) with sodium L-prolinate borane complex (2) followed by catalytic hydrogenolysis of benzyl and carbobenzoxy groups gave (4), a cardiotonic agent, in 62% optical yield.