gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential of natural peptidic compounds as leads for novel pesticides (1993)

Abstract Structure‐activity relationship (SAR) studies of the natural pesticidal peptide, tentoxin, are described in the context of similarity between pharmaceutical and agricultural methods of developing biologically active peptidomimetics. Essential residue substitutions that confer biological activity through predictable conformational changes in the peptide backbone and side chain functionalities are discussed. A combination of molecular modelling studies and the biological activity of natural, synthetic and photochemically transformed analogs of tentoxin is utilized to further the understanding of structural and conformational requirements for biological activity.
Compact silicon TE-pass polarizer using adiabatically-bent fully-etched waveguides (2018)

A high-performance integrated silicon TE-pass polarizer is proposed and demonstrated. The polarizer uses a series of adiabatic waveguide bends that yield high extinction ratio for the TM polarization and low insertion loss for the TE polarization, and does not require special materials or complex fabrication steps. The polarizer, implemented on a silicon-on-insulator platform with a 220 nm silicon thickness, is measured to have insertion loss ≤ 0.37 dB (average 0.12 dB) and extinction ratio ≥ 27.6 dB (average 36.0 dB) over a 1.5 μm to 1.6 μm wavelength range, with a footprint of 63 μm × 9.5 μm. The trade-off between the footprint of the polarizer and its performance is established. While the analysis was done for a silicon-on-insulator platform, the concept is applicable to other waveguide geometries and integrated photonic platforms.
Improvements in the performance of a three element high lift system by the application of airjet vortex generators (1995)

Summary Windtunnel tests on a two-dimensional model of a three element high lift system in a takeoff mode indicate that airjet vortex generators can produce a significant increase in lift at a given angle of incidence and a substantial increase in C Lmax . An associated reduction in profile drag is inferred from measurements of momentum defect on the upper surface. The improvements are much greater than those typically achieved with vane vortex generators and cannot simply be associated with the suppression of boundary layer separation. Instead, the airjets and the vortices which they generate promote enhanced mixing and momentum transfer across the complex shear layers above the main wing, from the external flow right through to the surface. Detailed surveys reveal, for example, that the slat wake is dispersed — or absorbed into a region of greater shear — and that the growth of the main wing boundary layer is significantly reduced. It is suggested that neither the relatively low Reynolds numbers . and Mach numbers of the tests, nor the effects of windtunnel interference, detract from the general relevance of the novel principle involved. Attention is drawn, however, to the need for further work to elucidate and quantify the flow mechanisms and to establish the balance between the benefits from the improved aerodynamics and the performance costs of installing and supplying the jets.
Mutation of the KIT (mast/stem cell growth factor receptor) protooncogene in human piebaldism. (1991)

Piebaldism is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by cogenital patches of skin and hair from which melanocytes are completely absent. A similar disorder of mouse, dominant white spotting (W), results from mutations of the c-Kit protooncogene, which encodes and receptor for mast/stem cell growth factor. We identified a KIT gene mutation in a proband with classic autosomal dominant piebaldism. This mutation results in a Gly----Arg substitution at codon 664, within the tyrosine kinase domain. This substitution was not seen in any normal individuals and was completely linked to the piebald phenotype in the proband's family. Piebaldism in this family thus appears to be the human homologue to dominant white spotting (W) of the mouse.
In vivo measurement of regional oxygenation and imaging of redox status in RIF‐1 murine tumor: Effect of carbogen‐breathing (2002)

The purpose of this study was to noninvasively monitor tumor oxygenation and redox status during hyperoxygenation treatment, such as carbogen-breathing, in a murine tumor model using in vivo electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and imaging techniques. The study was performed using implanted lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) microcrystals as the oximetry probe and 3-carbamoylproxyl (3-CP) as the redox probe in RIF-1 tumors implanted in the upper hind leg of C3H mice. Repetitive measurements of pO(2) from the same tumors as a function of tumor growth (8-24 mm in size) showed that the tumors were hypoxic and that the tumor pO(2) values were decreasing with tumor growth. Carbogen-breathing mostly showed an increase in the tumor oxygenation, although there were considerable variations in the magnitude of change among the tumors. The pharmacokinetic studies with 3-CP showed a significant decrease in the overall tumor reduction status in the carbogen-breathing mice. Spatially resolved (imaging) pharmacokinetic data over the tumor volume were obtained to visualize the distribution of the redox status within the tumor. The redox images of the tumor in the air-breathing mice showed significant heterogeneity in the magnitude and spatial distribution of reducing equivalents. On carbogen-breathing the tissue reduction status decreased considerably, with a concomitant decrease in the heterogeneity of distribution of the redox status. The results suggest that 1) carbogen-breathing considerably enhances tissue oxygenation and significantly decreases the redox status in RIF-1 tumor, and 2) changes in the magnitude and distribution of the redox status within the tumor volume during carbogen-breathing are correlated with the increased tissue oxygenation.
An integrated survey of project scheduling (1997)

. There have been many survey papers in the area of project scheduling in recent years. These papers have primarily emphasized modeling and algorithmic contributions for specific classes of project scheduling problems, such as Net Present Value (NPV) maximization and makespan minimization, with and without resource constraints. Paralleling these developments has been the research in the area of project scheduling decision support, with its emphasis on data sets, data generation methods, and so on, that are essential to benchmark, evaluate, and compare the new models, algorithms and heuristic techniques. These investigations have extended the frontiers of research and application in all areas of project scheduling and management. In this paper, we survey the vast literature in this area with a perspective that integrates models, data, and optimal and heuristic algorithms, for the major classes of project scheduling problems. We also include recent surveys that have compared commercial p...
An investigation of 2'-deoxycoformycin in the treatment of cutaneous T- cell lymphoma (1983)

We have investigated the use of 2′-deoxycoformycin (DCF), a potent inhibitor of adenosine deaminase (ADA), in the treatment of 4 patients with advanced mycosis fungoides (MF). Since DCF has demonstrated an adverse effect in vitro and in vivo on the survival of leukemia T-cell lines, it appeared reasonable to examine its effect in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. A total of 8 courses of DCF were given to the 4 patients. Since this study was part of an ongoing phase I investigation, each patient received a fixed dose (varying from 4 mg/sq m to 10 mg/sq m daily for 3 consecutive days) on a 28-day schedule. One patient had reversible renal insufficiency. Three patients had reversible myelosuppression. Two patients had a complete remission of disease for 7+ and 9+ mo. respectively. Two additional patients had partial remissions for 4 and 9 mo, respectively. We concluded that effective antitumor activity in advanced MF can be achieved with DCF at doses that may not be associated with prohibitive toxicity. We would encourage further investigation of this agent in patients with advanced cutaneous T-cell lymphoma.
CHARACTERIZATION AND LOCALIZATION OF ^|^alpha;1-ADRENOCEPTORS IN HUMAN PROSTATE (1991)

Radioligand binding assay and receptor autoradiography were undertaken to characterize alpha 1-adrenoceptors and to clarify their localization in human prostate. Eleven open prostatectomy specimens obtained from patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy were used for radioligand binding assay. The binding of [3H]-prazosin to prostatic crude membrane fraction was a saturable process of high affinity. Scatchard analysis of the specific [3H]-prazosin binding indicated the existence of a single population of receptor sites with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.00 +/- 0.19 nM (mean +/- SE) and a maximum binding capacity of 20.8 +/- 3.56 fmol/mg protein (mean +/- SE). alpha-Adrenergic antagonists competed for [3H]-prazosin binding in an order of potency: prazosin greater than or equal to bunazosin greater than phentolamine greater than yohimbine, suggesting that the binding sites for [3H]-prazosin have characteristics of alpha 1-adrenoceptors. To study the distribution of alpha 1-adrenoceptors in prostatic tissues obtained from total cystoprostatectomy specimens of six male bladder tumor patients, we used for autoradiography (+/-)-beta-[( 125I]Iodo-4-hydroxyphenyl)-ethyl-aminomethyl-tetralone [( 125I]-HEAT). Peripheral zone (PZ), central zone (CZ) and preprostatic region were dissected from the tissues and incubated with [125I]-HEAT, followed by an autoradiographic procedure. Distribution of alpha 1-adrenoceptors was quantitated by grain counting using a light microscope equipped with a micrometer. The specific binding sites for [125I]-HEAT were demonstrated predominantly in the fibromuscular stroma of CZ, that of PZ, preprostatic sphincter and subordinately in the glandular epithelium of CZ, but not in the glandular epithelium of PZ and periurethral glands.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Amyloid-β Induces Smac Release via AP-1/Bim Activation in Cerebral Endothelial Cells (2002)

Insoluble fibrils of amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) are the major component of senile and vascular plaques found in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Abeta has been implicated in neuronal and vascular degeneration because of its toxicity to neurons and endothelial cells in vitro; some of these cells die with characteristic features of apoptosis. We used primary cultures of murine cerebral endothelial cells (CECs) to explore the mechanisms involved in Abeta-induced cell death. We report here that Abeta(25-35), a cytotoxic fragment of Abeta, induced translocation of the apoptosis regulator termed second-mitochondria-derived activator of caspase (Smac) from the intramembranous compartment of the mitochondria to the cytosol 24 hr after exposure. In addition, we demonstrated that X chromosome-linked inhibitor-of-apoptosis protein (XIAP) coimmunoprecipitated with Smac, suggesting that the two proteins bound to one another subsequent to the release of Smac from the mitochondria. Abeta(25-35) treatment also led to rapid AP-1 activation and subsequent expression of Bim, a member of the BH3-only family of proapoptotic proteins. Bim knockdown using an antisense oligonucleotide strategy suppressed Abeta(25-35)-induced Smac release and resulted in attenuation of CEC death. Furthermore, AP-1 inhibition, with curcumin or c-fos antisense oligonucleotide, reduced bim expression. These results suggest that Abeta activates an apoptotic cascade involving AP-1 DNA binding, subsequent bim induction, followed by Smac release and binding to XIAP, resulting in CEC death.
Arrhythmia Discrimination in Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillators Using Support Vector Machines Applied to a New Representation of Electrograms (2011)

Arrhythmia classification remains a major challenge for appropriate therapy delivery in implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). The purpose of this paper is to present a new algorithm for arrhythmia discrimination based on a statistical classification by support vector machines of a novel 2-D representation of electrograms (EGMs) named spatial projection of tachycardia (SPOT) EGMs. SPOT-based discrimination algorithm provided sensitivity and specificity of 98.8% and 91.3%, respectively, on a test database. A simplified version of the algorithm is also presented, which can be directly implemented in the ICD.
A second ABC transporter is involved in oleandomycin resistance and its secretion by <i>Streptomyces antibioticus</i> (1995)

A 3.2 kb Sstl-Sphl DNA fragment of Streptomyces antibioticus, an oleandomycin producer, conferring resistance to oleandomycin was sequenced and found to contain an open reading frame of 1710 bp (oleB). Its deduced gene product (OleB) showed a high degree of similarity with other proteins belonging to the ABC-transporter superfamily including the gene product of another oleandomycin-resistance gene (OleC). The OleB protein contains two ATP-binding domains, each of approximately 200 amino acids in length, and no hydrophobic transmembrane regions. Functional analysis of the oleB gene was carried out by deleting specific regions of the gene and assaying for oleandomycin resistance. These experiments showed that either the first or the second half of the gene containing only one ATP-binding domain was sufficient to confer resistance to oleandomycin. The gene oleB was expressed in Escherichia coli fused to a maltose-binding protein (MBP) using the pMal-c2 vector. The MBP-OleB hybrid protein was purified by affinity chromatography on an amylose resin and polyclonal antibodies were raised against the fusion protein. These were used to monitor the biosynthesis and physical location of OleB during growth. By Western analysis, the OleB protein was detected both in the soluble and in the membrane fraction and its synthesis paralleled oleandomycin biosynthesis. It was also shown that a Streptomyces albus strain, containing both a glycosyltransferase (OleD) able to inactivate oleandomycin and the OleB protein, was capable of glycosylating oleandomycin and secreting the inactive glycosylated molecule. It is proposed that OleB constitutes the secretion system by which oleandomycin or its inactive glycosylated form could be secreted by S. antibioticus.
A Quasigroup-Based Public-Key Cryptosystem (1999)

A public-key cryptosystem, using generalized quasigroup-based streamciphers is presented. It is shown that such a cryptosystem allows one to transmit securely both a cryptogram and a secret portion of the enciphering key using the same insecure channel. The system is illustrated by means of a simple, but non-trivial, example.
The Indigenous Model and its Application to Heart Health for Southeast Asians (1989)

(1989). The Indigenous Model and its Application to Heart Health for Southeast Asians. Health Education: Vol. 20, Health Education Interventions for Racial and Ethnic Minority Populations in the United States, pp. 48-51.
Role of Ornibactin Biosynthesis in the Virulence of <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> : Characterization of <i>pvdA</i> , the Gene Encoding <scp>l</scp> -Ornithine <i>N</i> <sup>5</sup> -Oxygenase (1999)

Burkholderia cepacia is a frequent cause of respiratory infections in cystic fibrosis patients. B. cepacia has been shown to produce at least four siderophores which may play a role in the virulence of this organism. To characterize genes involved in the synthesis of siderophores, Tn5-OT182 mutants were isolated in strain K56-2, which produces two siderophores, salicylic acid (SA) and ornibactins. Two mutants were characterized that did not produce zones on Chrome Azurol S agar in a commonly used assay to detect siderophore activity. These mutants were determined to produce sevenfold more SA than K56-2 yet did not produce detectable amounts of ornibactins. These mutants, designated I117 and T10, had a transposon insertion in genes with significant homology to pyoverdine biosynthesis genes of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. I117 contained an insertion in a pvdA homolog, the gene for the enzyme L-ornithine N(5)-oxygenase, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of L-ornithine. Ornibactin synthesis in this mutant was partially restored when the precursor L-N(5)-OH-Orn was added to the culture medium. T10 contained an insertion in a pvdD homolog, which is a peptide synthetase involved in pyoverdine synthesis. beta-Galactosidase activity was iron regulated in both I117 and T10, suggesting that the transposon was inserted downstream of an iron-regulated promoter. Tn5-OT182 contains a lacZ gene that is expressed when inserted downstream of an active promoter. Both I117 and T10 were deficient in uptake of iron complexed to either ornibactins or SA, suggesting that transposon insertions in ornibactin biosynthesis genes also affected other components of the iron transport mechanism. The B. cepacia pvdA homolog was approximately 47% identical and 59% similar to L-ornithine N(5)-oxygenase from P. aeruginosa. Three clones were identified from a K56-2 cosmid library that partially restored ornibactin production, SA production, and SA uptake to parental levels but did not affect the rate of (59)Fe-ornibactin uptake in I117. A chromosomal pvdA deletion mutant was constructed that had a phenotype similar to that of I117 except that it did not hyperproduce SA. The pvdA mutants were less virulent than the parent strain in chronic and acute models of respiratory infection. A functional pvdA gene appears to be required for effective colonization and persistence in B. cepacia lung infections.
Topography of Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Membrane-embedded Domains (2000)

The topography of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR) membrane-embedded domains and the relative affinity of lipids for these protein regions were studied using fluorescence methods. Intact Torpedo californica AChR protein and transmembrane peptides were derivatized with N-(1-pyrenyl)maleimide (PM), purified, and reconstituted into asolectin liposomes. Fluorescence mapped to proteolytic fragments consistent with PM labeling of cysteine residues in alphaM1, alphaM4, gammaM1, and gammaM4. The topography of the pyrene-labeled Cys residues with respect to the membrane and the apparent affinity for representative lipids were determined by differential fluorescence quenching with spin-labeled derivatives of fatty acids, phosphatidylcholine, and the steroids cholestane and androstane. Different spin label lipid analogs exhibit different selectivity for the whole AChR protein and its transmembrane domains. In all cases labeled residues were found to lie in a shallow position. For M4 segments, this is compatible with a linear alpha-helical structure, but not so for M1, for which "classical" models locate Cys residues at the center of the hydrophobic stretch. The transmembrane topography of M1 can be rationalized on the basis of the presence of a substantial amount of non-helical structure, and/or of kinks attributable to the occurrence of the evolutionarily conserved proline residues. The latter is a striking feature of M1 in the AChR and all members of the rapid ligand-gated ion channel superfamily.
Slope-based eccentric photorefraction: theoretical analysis of different light source configurations and effects of ocular aberrations (1997)

A geometrical-optical technique is used to predict the changes in the slope of the eccentric-photorefraction intensity profiles as a function of refractive state. We investigate how the intensity profiles vary with refractive state for different light source configurations and monochromatic aberrations in the eye. The best possible light source configuration extends from zero eccentricity (to increase sensitivity and reduce the dead zone) to a high eccentricity (to increase the working range). An advantage of using the extended light source is that the intensity profile of the eccentric-photorefraction reflex is more linear for extended sources than for point light sources. It is also shown that the change in slope with refractive state is dependent on pupil size. Furthermore, when asymmetric aberrations are present, the change in intensity profile slope with refractive state is dependent on the circumferential position of the light source, but this dependence can be resolved by averaging slope values obtained by using two sources placed on opposite sides of the pupil. The importance of this study to existing eccentric-photorefractor designs is discussed, and recommendations for improved eccentric photorefractors are suggested.
Algorithms to Process and Measure Biometric Information Content in Low Quality Face and Iris Images (2011)

Biometric systems allow identification of human persons based on physiological or behavioral characteristics, such as voice, handprint, iris or facial characteristics. The use of face and iris recognition as a way to authenticate user’s identities has been a topic of research for years. Present iris recognition systems require that subjects stand close (<2m) to the imaging camera and look for a period of about three seconds until the data are captured. This cooperative behavior is required in order to capture quality images for accurate recognition. This will eventually restrict the amount of practical applications where iris recognition can be applied, especially in an uncontrolled environment where subjects are not expected to cooperate such as criminals and terrorists, for example. For this reason, this thesis develops a collection of methods to deal with low quality face and iris images and that can be applied for face and iris recognition in a non-cooperative environment. This thesis makes the following main contributions: I. For eye and face tracking in low quality images, a new robust method is developed. The proposed system consists of three parts: face localization, eye detection and eye tracking. This is accomplished using traditional image-based passive techniques such as shape information of the eye and active based methods which exploit the spectral properties of the pupil under IR illumination. The developed method is also tested on underexposed images where the subject shows large head movements. II. For iris recognition, a new technique is developed for accurate iris segmentation in low quality images where a major portion of the iris is occluded. Most existing methods perform generally quite well but tend to overestimate the occluded regions, and thus lose iris information that could be used for identification. This information loss is potentially important in the covert surveillance applications we consider in this thesis. Once the iris region is properly segmented using the developed method, the biometric feature information is calculated for the iris region using the relative entropy technique. Iris biometric feature information is calculated using two different feature decomposition algorithms based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA). III. For face recognition, a new approach is developed to measure biometric feature information and the changes in biometric sample quality resulting from image degradations. A definition of biometric feature information is introduced and an algorithm to measure it proposed, based on a set of population and individual biometric features, as measured by a biometric algorithm under test. Examples of its application were shown for two different face recognition algorithms based on PCA (Eigenface) and Fisher Linear Discriminant (FLD) feature decompositions.