gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
THE CALIBRATION OF CELLS FOR CONDUCTANCE MEASUREMENTS (1922)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE CALIBRATION OF CELLS FOR CONDUCTANCE MEASUREMENTSCharles A. Kraus and Henry C. ParkerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1922, 44, 11, 2422–2428Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1922Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1922https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01432a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01432a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Convenient Synthesis of 4-Alkyl, Alkenyl, and Alkynyl Substituted N-(Phenylsulfonyl)indoles. (1994)

The indolone 1 reacted with organomagnesium or lithium reagents to give the carbinols 6 and 10, which, upon treatment under appropriate acidic conditions or neutral thermal conditions, gave the 1-phenylsulfonylindoles 8 and 11 bearing various kinds of alkyl, alkenyl, and alkynyl substituents at the 4-position. The indolone 1 was also converted to the 4-cyanoindole 14 via the cyanohydrin O-trimethylsilyl ether 13.
Cross-Linked Smectites. III. Synthesis and Properties of Hydroxy-Aluminum Hectorites and Fluorhectorites (1984)

Abstract Interaction of La 3+ - and Ce 3+ -exchanged hectorites with oligomeric hydroxy-Al cations results in the formation of cross-linked hectorites possessing moderately high surface areas (~ 220–280 m 2 /g) and high thermal stability. The basal spacings of these products were generally in the range 17.0–18.0 A, the exact d(001) value depending on the age of the hydroxy-Al oligomeric solution and on the pH of the starting hectorite dispersion. Interaction of Li- or Ce-fluorhectorite with hydroxy-Al oligocations produced the corresponding cross-linked fluorhectorites, which showed markedly higher basal spacings (18.2–20.0 Å for air-dried samples), surface areas (~300–380 m 2 /g), and thermal stability, as compared with those of the cross-linked hectorites. The cross-linking agent applied in the synthesis of the hydroxy-Al hectorite and fluorhectorite products consisted of a solution of hydroxy-Al oligomers aged for periods of 7 to 27 days. A constant ratio of 2.0 mmole Al/g of smectite was used in all preparations. The high basal spacings and porosity of the newly synthesized products are consistent with a structure similar to that previously proposed for cross-linked hydroxy-Al montmorillonite.
Increased Taxon Sampling Greatly Reduces Phylogenetic Error (2002)

Several authors have argued recently that extensive taxon sampling has a positive and important effect on the accuracy of phylogenetic estimates. However, other authors have argued that there is little benefit of extensive taxon sampling, and so phylogenetic problems can or should be reduced to a few exemplar taxa as a means of reducing the computational complexity of the phylogenetic analysis. In this paper we examined five aspects of study design that may have led to these different perspectives. First, we considered the measurement of phylogenetic error across a wide range of taxon sample sizes, and conclude that the expected error based on randomly selecting trees (which varies by taxon sample size) must be considered in evaluating error in studies of the effects of taxon sampling. Second, we addressed the scope of the phylogenetic problems defined by different samples of taxa, and argue that phylogenetic scope needs to be considered in evaluating the importance of taxon-sampling strategies. Third, we examined the claim that fast and simple tree searches are as effective as more thorough searches at finding near-optimal trees that minimize error. We show that a more complete search of tree space reduces phylogenetic error, especially as the taxon sample size increases. Fourth, we examined the effects of simple versus complex simulation models on taxonomic sampling studies. Although benefits of taxon sampling are apparent for all models, data generated under more complex models of evolution produce higher overall levels of error and show greater positive effects of increased taxon sampling. Fifth, we asked if different phylogenetic optimality criteria show different effects of taxon sampling. Although we found strong differences in effectiveness of different optimality criteria as a function of taxon sample size, increased taxon sampling improved the results from all the common optimality criteria. Nonetheless, the method that showed the lowest overall performance (minimum evolution) also showed the least improvement from increased taxon sampling. Taking each of these results into account re-enforces the conclusion that increased sampling of taxa is one of the most important ways to increase overall phylogenetic accuracy.
Radioimmunoassay for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. (1983)

Journal Article Radioimmunoassay for 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol. Get access T K Gray, T K Gray Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar T McAdoo T McAdoo Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 29, Issue 1, 1 January 1983, Pages 196–200, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/29.1.196 Published: 01 January 1983
A Time to Kill: Targeting Apoptosis in Cancer (2015)

The process of apoptosis is essential for maintaining the physiologic balance between cell death and cell growth. This complex process is executed by two major pathways that participate in activating an executioner mechanism leading to chromatin disintegration and nuclear fragmentation. Dysregulation of these pathways often contributes to cancer development and resistance to cancer therapy. Here, we review the most recent discoveries in apoptosis regulation and possible mechanisms for resensitizing tumor cells to therapy.
The Fourth Molybdenum Containing Enzyme mARC: Cloning and Involvement in the Activation of<i>N</i>-Hydroxylated Prodrugs (2008)

The recently discovered mammalian molybdoprotein mARC1 is capable of reducing N-hydroxylated compounds. Upon reconstitution with cytochrome b(5) and b(5) reductase, benzamidoxime, pentamidine, and diminazene amidoximes, N-hydroxymelagatran, guanoxabenz, and N-hydroxydebrisoquine are efficiently reduced. These substances are amidoxime/N-hydroxyguanidine prodrugs, leading to improved bioavailability compared to the active amidines/guanidines. Thus, the recombinant enzyme allows prediction about in vivo reduction of N-hydroxylated prodrugs. Furthermore, the prodrug principle is not dependent on cytochrome P450 enzymes.
<i>LGI1</i> mutations in autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features (2004)

LGI1 mutations are a common cause of autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features. Current data do not reveal a clinical feature that clearly predicts which families with autosomal dominant partial epilepsy with auditory features have a mutation. Some families with LGI1 mutations contain individuals with idiopathic generalized epilepsies. This could result from either an effect of LGI1 on risk for generalized epilepsy or an effect of co-occurring idiopathic generalized epilepsy-specific genes in these families.
Bicontinuous Electrolytes via Thermally Initiated Polymerization for Structural Lithium Ion Batteries (2019)

Structural batteries (SBs) are a growing research subject worldwide. The idea is to provide massless energy by using a multifunctional material. This technology can provide a new pathway in electrification and offer different design opportunities and significant weight savings in vehicle applications. The type of SB discussed here is a multifunctional material that can carry mechanical loads and simultaneously provide an energy storage function. It is a composite material that utilizes carbon fibers (CFs) as electrodes and structural reinforcement which are embedded in a multifunctional polymer matrix (i.e., structural battery electrolyte). A feasible composite manufacturing method still needs to be developed to realize a full-cell SB. UV initiated polymerization induced phase separation (PIPS) has previously been used to make bicontinuous structural battery electrolytes (SBE) with good ionic conductivity and mechanical performance. However, UV-curing cannot be used for fabrication of a full-cell SB since a full-cell is made of multiple layers of nontransparent CFs. The present paper investigates thermally initiated PIPS to prepare a bicontinuous SBE and an SB half-cell. In addition, the effect of curing temperature was examined with respect to curing performance, morphology, ionic conductivity, and mechanical and electrochemical performance. The study revealed that thermally initiated PIPS provides a robust and scalable process route to fabricate SBs. The results of this study are an important milestone in the development of SB technology as they allow for the SB fabrication for an actual application. However, other challenges still remain to be solved before this technology can be introduced into an application.
Covert Channel Capacity (1987)

Techniques for detecting covert channels are based on information flow models. This paper establishes a connection between Shannon's theory of communication and information flow models, such as the Goguen-Meseguer model, that view a reference monitor as a state-transition automaton. The channel associated with a machine and a compromise policy is defined, and the capacity of that channel is taken as a measure of covert channel information rate.
Essential fatty acids in plasma, red blood cells and liver phospholipids in common laboratory animals as compared to humans (1984)

Essential fatty acids were estimated in plasma, red blood cells and liver total phospholipids in rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs, rabbits and humans. There were large species differences, suggesting that different species levels should be borne in mind when choosing an animal for a particular study. The 2 species most susceptible to atheroma, the guinea pig and the rabbit, had very high levels of linoleic acid and low levels of linoleic acid metabolites. n-3 fatty acid levels were low in guinea pigs and rabbits and the ratio of n-3 to n-6 fatty acids also was low in the rat. Mice and hamsters had the highest n-3 levels, suggesting they may be the best species to use for studies on the roles of n-3 essential fatty acids. Mice and hamsters and, in some respect rats, were closest to humans in their fatty acid patterns.
Engineering and Performance (NEMA and Animal) of a Lower-Cost Higher-Resolution Animal PET/CT Scanner Using Photomultiplier-Quadrant-Sharing Detectors (2012)

The MuPET camera has excellent resolution, sensitivity, counting rate, and imaging performance. The data show it is a powerful scanner for preclinical animal study and pharmaceutical development.
Management Information Base (MIB) for the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) (2002)

2 of the Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMPv2).
A navigation-oriented hypertext model based on statecharts (1997)

Article A navigation-oriented hypertext model based on statecharts Share on Authors: Marcelo Augusto Santos Turine Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 369, 13560-970 - São Carlos, SP, Brasil Instituto de Física de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 369, 13560-970 - São Carlos, SP, BrasilView Profile , Maria Cristina Ferreira de Oliveira Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 668, 13560-970 - São Carlos, SP, Brasil Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 668, 13560-970 - São Carlos, SP, BrasilView Profile , Paul Ceasr Masiero Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 668, 13560-970 - São Carlos, SP, Brasil Instituto de Ciências Matemáticas de São Carlos, Universidade de São Paulo, C.P. 668, 13560-970 - São Carlos, SP, BrasilView Profile Authors Info & Claims HYPERTEXT '97: Proceedings of the eighth ACM conference on HypertextApril 1997 Pages 102–111https://doi.org/10.1145/267437.267449Online:15 April 1997Publication History 21citation443DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations21Total Downloads443Last 12 Months2Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
An Arabidopsis Cell Cycle-Dependent Kinase-Related Gene, CDC2b, Plays a Role in Regulating Seedling Growth in Darkness (1999)

Takeshi Yoshizumi, Noriko Nagata, Hiroaki Shimada, Minami Matsui, An Arabidopsis Cell Cycle-Dependent Kinase-Related Gene, CDC2b, Plays a Role in Regulating Seedling Growth in Darkness, The Plant Cell, Vol. 11, No. 10 (Oct., 1999), pp. 1883-1895
Use of Neural Networks in cryptography: A review (2016)

In cryptography secret information is made unreadable for an unauthorized user. There are many cryptographic algorithms are available, but they are more complex techniques and requires more computational power. This paper gives a review of how Neural Networks contributes a help in cryptography and how neural network and cryptography together can be used for security.
Nonlinear optical study of quasi-one-dimensional platinum complexes: Two-photon excitonic resonance effect (1991)

Third-harmonic generation measurements have been made for the first time on oriented films of halogen-bridged mixed-valence platinum complexes for the pump wavelength region from 0.6 to 1.0 μm. The ‖χ(3)(−3ω;ω,ω,ω)‖ spectra obtained by the Maker’s fringe method show a distinct peak at about 1.8 eV with the peak value of about 4×10−11 esu. From comparison with the electroabsorption data, this peak has been identified with the two-photon resonance peak with the forbidden exciton in the Pt-halogen chains. One-dimensional exciton states in this compound take an important role in the third-order optical nonlinearity, similar to the case in conjugated polymers.
Redox Active Ordered Arrays via Metal Initiated Self-Assembly of Terpyridine Based Ligands (2001)

The interfacial reaction of terpyridyl-pendant poly-amido amine (PAMAM) dendrimers (dend-n-tpy; n = 4, 8, 32) and of bis-terpyridine containing bridging ligands (tpy-bridge-tpy), dissolved in CH2Cl2, with aqueous Fe2+ or Co2+ gives rise to film formation on HOPG and Pt(111) single crystal surfaces. Molecularly resolved STM images reveal that these films form highly ordered 2-D trigonal arrays, which appear to be composed of one-dimensional polymeric strands with a repeat unit of (tpy-dendrimer-tpy-M)x, in the case of dendrimers, or (tpy-bridge-tpy-M)x, in the case of the bridging ligands. An extensive study with ligands of tailored architecture has been carried out, providing insight on the relationship between the ligand's molecular structure and that of the resulting films. The formation of ordered domains appears to be controlled, at least in part, by the rigidity of the molecule containing the terpyridine groups. Films derived from bridging ligands containing long chains did not give rise to observable periodic structures, whereas, rotationally hindered bridging ligands gave rise to well-ordered films. The use of optically active ligands gave rise to helical structures whose sense was dependent on the chirality of the molecule employed. The physical extension of the ordered domains appears to be delimited by terrace width on the HOPG surface. The dimensions obtained from an analysis of STM images are consistent with the estimated size (from molecular modeling) of the molecules from which the films were derived. In all cases, the films are electrochemically active and exhibit a metal based reversible wave at a formal potential that corresponds to that for the respective [M(tpy)2]+2 complex.
Superhydrophobic perfluorinated metal–organic frameworks (2013)

Three perfluorinated Cu-based metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were prepared starting from extensively fluorinated biphenyl-based ligands accessed via C-H functionalization. These new materials are highly hydrophobic: with water contact angles of up to 151 ± 1°, they are among the most water-repellent MOFs ever reported.
An overview of smart antenna technology for wireless communication (2002)

Interest in Smart Antenna Technology for wireless communication systems is increasing in recent years. Considerable amount of research and fields trials is being conducted to improve the performance of the system in terms of increasing the capacity and range. In this paper we attempt to discuss the current and future Smart Antenna technology for mobile communication system and illustrate how they allow the wireless service providers to reduce interference and increase capacity. We discuss the different types of Smart Antenna systems using switched beam and adaptive antenna array techniques and describe how they can be used in different multiple access schemes in wireless communications, like FDMA, TDMA and CDMA.
Cerebrospinal fluid interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and tumor necrosis factor—α following subarachnoid hemorrhage (1997)

Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes an inflammatory reaction and may lead to ischemic brain damage. Experimental ischemia has been shown to be connected with the alarm-reaction cytokines interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF alpha). Increased levels of these cytokines, however, have not been detected thus far in patients following an SAH event. For this reason daily cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from 22 consecutively enrolled patients with SAH and from 10 non-SAH patients (controls). The CSF samples were studied using immunoassays for IL-1Ra and TNF alpha to investigate whether an SAH caused increased cytokine levels. The mean IL-1Ra levels were significantly higher in patients with SAH who were in poor clinical condition on admission than in those who were in good condition (318 pg/ml vs. 82 pg/ml, p < 0.02). The IL-1Ra levels increased during delayed ischemic episodes and after surgery in patients who were in poor clinical condition. Significant increases in IL-1Ra and TNF alpha were detected during Days 4 through 10 in patients suffering from SAH who eventually had a poor outcome (p < 0.05). Patients with good outcomes and control patients had low levels of these cytokines. The levels of IL-1Ra increased after surgery in patients with Hunt and Hess Grades III through V, but not in those with Grade I or II. This finding indicates that patients in poor clinical condition have a labile biochemical state in the brain that is reflected in increased cytokine levels following the surgical trauma. Both IL-1Ra and TNF alpha are known to induce fever, malaise, leukocytosis, and nitric oxide synthesis and to mediate ischemic and traumatic brain injuries. The present study shows that levels of these cytokines increase after SAH occurs and that high cytokine levels correlate with brain damage. It is therefore likely that fever, leukocytosis, and nitric oxide synthesis are also mediated by IL-1 in patients suffering from SAH and it is probable that the inflammatory mediators contribute to brain damage.
Energy coupling to net K+ transport in Escherichia coli K-12. (1977)

Energy coupling for three K+ transport systems of Escherichia coli K-12 was studied by examining effects of selected energy sources and inhibitors in strains with either a wild type or a defective (Ca2+, Mg2+)-stimulated ATPase. This approach allows discrimination between transport systems coupled to the proton motive force from those coupled to the hydrolysis of a high energy phosphate compound (ATP-driven). The three K+ transport systems here studied are: (a) the Kdp system, a repressible high affinity (Km=2 muM) system probably coded for by four linked Kdp genes; (b) the Trka system, a constitutive system with high rate and modest affinity (Km=1.5 mM) defined by mutations in the single trkA gene; and (c) the TrkF system, a nonsaturable system with a low rate of uptake (Rhoads, D.B., Waters, F.B., and Epstein, W. (1976) J. Gen. Physiol. 67, 325-341). Each of these systems has a different mode of energy coupling: (a) the Kdp system is ATP-driven and has a periplasmic protein component; (b) the TrkF system is proton motive force-driven; and (c) the TrkA system is unique among bacterial transport systems described to date in requiring both the proton motive force and ATP for activity. We suggest that this dual requirement represents energy fueling by ATP and regulation by the proton motive force. Absence of ATP-driven systems in membrane vesicles is usually attributed to the requirement of such systems for a periplasmic protein. This cannot explain the failure to demonstrate the TrkA system in vesicles, since this system does not require a periplasmic protein. Our findings indicate that membrane vesicles cannot couple energy to ATP-driven transport systems. Since vesicles can generate a proton motive force, the inability of vesicles to generate ATP or couple ATP to transport (or both) must be invoked to explain the absence of TrkA in vesicles. The TrkF system should function in vesicles, but its very low rate may make it difficult to identify.
Continuous tuning of an electrically tunable external-cavity semiconductor laser (2000)

We propose and demonstrate a novel approach to achieving rapid and phase-coherent continuous broadband tuning of a single-mode external-cavity semiconductor laser. Two internal acousto-optic devices control the angle of incident light on a diffraction grating and the effective round-trip phase electronically. Although the present implementation derives the phase from a long delay line and is not yet mode-hop free, the new approach lends itself to fully electronic control.
Mosby's Manual of Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests (1998)

Chapter 1 Guidelines for Proper Test Preparation and Performance Chapter 2 Blood Studies Chapter 3 Electrodiagnostic Tests Chapter 4 Endoscopic Studies Chapter 5 Fluid Analysis Studies Chapter 6 Manometric Studies Chapter 7 Microscopic Studies Chapter 8 Nuclear Scanning Chapter 9 Stool Tests Chapter 10 Ultrasound Studies Chapter 11 Urine Studies Chapter 12 X-ray Studies Chapter 13 Miscellaneous Studies Bibliography Appendices Appendix A Alphabetical List of Tests Appendix B List of Tests by Body System Appendix C Disease and Organ Panels Appendix D Abbreviations for Diagnostic and Laboratory Tests
Integration versus options in electrical engineering (1953)

With the growth of electrical engineering and the introduction of options in engineering education, the electric power field lost much of its popularity with students to the more glamorous communications and electronics curricula. To compensate for this trend, the universities must establish a creative environment for study of energy conversion and utilization subjects.