gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconstitution of Membrane-Integrated Quinoprotein Glucose Dehydrogenase Apoenzyme with PQQ and the Holoenzyme's Mechanism of Action (1998)

Membrane-integrated quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was produced by heterologous expression of the gene for it in an Escherichia coli recombinant strain. The apoenzyme (lacking the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone, PQQ) was solubilized with Triton X-100 and purified to homogeneity. Reconstitution of the apoenzyme to full activity in the assay was achieved with a stoichiometric amount of PQQ in the presence of Mg2+. Just as for other PQQ-containing dehydrogenases where Ca2+ fulfills this role, Mg2+ anchors PQQ to the mGDH protein and activates the bound cofactor. This occurs in a precise way since high anomer specificity was found for the enzyme toward the sugars tested. Although the steady-state-type kinetics were as expected for a dye-linked dehydrogenase (ping-pong) and the PQQ in it was present in oxidized form, addition of glucose to the holoenzyme resulted in a very slow but continuous production of gluconolactone; i.e., the reaction did not stop after one turnover, with O2 apparently acting as an (albeit poor) electron acceptor by reoxidizing PQQH2 in the enzyme. The surprisingly low reactivity with glucose, in the absence of dye, as compared to the activity observed in the steady-state assay appeared to be due to formation of an anomalous enzyme form, mGDH. Formation of normal holoenzyme, mGDH, reducing added glucose immediately to gluconolactone (in one turnover), was achieved by treating mGDH with sulfite, by reconstituting apoenzyme with PQQ in the presence of sulfite, or by applying assay conditions to mGDH (addition of PMS/DCPIP). As compared to other quinoprotein dehydrogenases, mGDH appears to be unique with respect to the mode of PQQ-binding, as expressed by the special conditions for reconstitution and the absorption spectra of the bound cofactor, and the reactivity of the reduced enzyme toward O2. The primary cause for this seems not to be related to a different preference for the activating bivalent metal ion but to the special way of binding of PQQ to mGDH.
Structural and Functional Biology of Aldo-Keto Reductase Steroid-Transforming Enzymes (2018)

Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are monomeric NAD(P)(H)-dependent oxidoreductases that play pivotal roles in the biosynthesis and metabolism of steroids in humans. AKR1C enzymes acting as 3-ketosteroid, 17-ketosteroid, and 20-ketosteroid reductases are involved in the prereceptor regulation of ligands for the androgen, estrogen, and progesterone receptors and are considered drug targets to treat steroid hormone-dependent malignancies and endocrine disorders. In contrast, AKR1D1 is the only known steroid 5β-reductase and is essential for bile-acid biosynthesis, the generation of ligands for the farnesoid X receptor, and the 5β-dihydrosteroids that have their own biological activity. In this review we discuss the crystal structures of these AKRs, their kinetic and catalytic mechanisms, AKR genomics (gene expression, splice variants, polymorphic variants, and inherited genetic deficiencies), distribution in steroid target tissues, roles in steroid hormone action and disease, and inhibitor design.
Polarization characteristics of an altazimuth sky scanner (1980)

A theoretical description of the polarization characteristics of an altazimuth sky scanner optical system is presented based on Mueller-Stokes calculus. The theoretical results are verified experimentally. This unique computer-driven optical system was designed to perform laboratory studies of skylight as well as celestial objects during day or night and has the advantage that there are no space or weight limitations in the use of additional apparatus. The two parallel 45 degrees tilt mirrors that bring the light from any point of the sky down to the laboratory introduce some amount of intrinsic polarization, however. For that reason proper interpretation of the raw data requires a theoretical understanding of the polarization features of the instrument and accurate experimental determination of the elements of the Mueller-Stokes matrix describing the polarizing and depolarizing action of the system. This is especially true in the case of skylight intensity and polarization studies. A comparison of the theoretical and experimental results is given with an indication of the possible reasons for slight differences found between them.
ChemInform Abstract: SOLID STATE STRUCTURE, MAGNETIC SUSCEPTIBILITY, AND SINGLE CRYSTAL ESR PROPERTIES OF CIS‐DIAMMINEPLATINUM α‐PYRIDONE BLUE (1979)

Abstract Mittels Röntgendiffraktionsuntersuchung werden Kristall‐ und Molekularstruktur der Titelverbindung bestimmt.
Self-mixing interference in a diode laser: experimental observations and theoretical analysis (1993)

The experimental results of an investigation of self-mixing effects or backscatter modulation in diode lasers coupled with a simple theoretical analysis are presented. The laser is used to send light, either in free space or through an optical fiber, to a movable target from which the optical backscatter is detected and fed back into the laser. In the experiment three significant conclusions are drawn: (1) self-mixing interference is not dependent on the coherence length of the laser, (2) the interference is not dependent on the use of a single-mode or multimode laser as the source, and (3) the interference is independent of the type of fiber employed, i.e., whether it is single mode or multimode. A comparison of this kind of interference with that in a conventional interferometer shows that self-mixing interference has the same phase sensitivity as that of the conventional arrangement, the modulation depth of the interference is comparable with that of a conventional interferometer, and the direction of the phase movement can be obtained from the interference signal. The above factors have implications for the optical sensing of a wide range of physical parameters. Several applications of the method are discussed that highlight the significant advantages of simplicity, compactness, and robustness as well as the self-aligning and self-detecting abilities of fiber-based self-mixing interferometry when compared with the use of conventional interference methods.
Detection of<i>Candida albicans</i>DNA in cerebrospinal fluid (1993)

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 273-base-pair Candida albicans DNA. The primers for PCR were selected from the gene encoding the secretory aspartate proteinase of C. albicans. Gene amplification was observed clearly with DNA extracted from C. albicans and Candida stellatoidea. Subsequent Southern blot analysis using oligonucleotide probe confirmed the specificity of amplified DNA fragments. This PCR amplification was used to detect C. albicans in cerebrospinal fluid and proved useful in the diagnosis of meningitis due to C. albicans.
An Inducible Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Vector Which Effectively Suppresses HIV-1 Replication (1999)

Recently, gene therapy vectors based upon the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) genome have been developed. Here, we create an HIV-1 vector which is defective for all HIV-1 genes, but which maintains cis-acting elements required for efficient packaging, infection, and expression. In T cells transduced by this vector, vector expression is low but efficiently induced following HIV-1 infection. Remarkably, although the HIV-1 vector does not contain specific anti-HIV-1 therapeutic genes, the presence of the vector alone is sufficient to inhibit the spread of HIV-1 infection. The mechanism of inhibition is likely to be at the level of competition for limiting substrates required for either efficient packaging or reverse transcription, thereby selecting against propagation of wild-type HIV-1. These results provide proof of a concept for potential application of a novel HIV-1 vector in HIV-1 disease.
Comparative evaluation of neutral, and proton-ionizable crown ether compounds as lithium ionophores in ion-selective electrodes and in solvent extraction (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComparative evaluation of neutral, and proton-ionizable crown ether compounds as lithium ionophores in ion-selective electrodes and in solvent extractionAbdulrahman S. Attiyat, Gary D. Christian, Robert Y. Xie, Xiaowen. Wen, and Richard A. BartschCite this: Anal. Chem. 1988, 60, 23, 2561–2564Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00174a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00174a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Using Smartphones in Healthcare and to Save Lives (2011)

Nowadays the use of smart phones gets more and more widespread in the whole world. How could smart phones be used to make lives healthier? Smart phones could get to know when people were jogging, walking, travelling and standing on the basis of the GPS co-ordinates and the measured speed and could calculate the time spent relaxing with the help of a gyroscope. Portable sensors that are able to communicate wireless could provide further data about the momentary state of health and the need for fluid and calories. A smart phone could recognize the sudden change of the bodily position and could decide on the level of the seriousness of the situation by evaluating the values measured by the sensors. It is also worth sending a message to the ambulance if the fall is the consequence of losing consciousness, the measured data, the patient's condition and GPS positions can be life-saving information. In case of the indisposition of a driver, a smart phone could send instructions to the vehicle to take over the control from him and not to allow him to use the steering wheel or the pedals, the vehicle itself is to use them properly. It is to switch on the hazard warning flasher and the phone will drive the vehicle off the road to its edge while gradually decreasing the speed and paying attention to the position and the movements of the surrounding vehicles, objects, people and other living creatures. In the meantime the phone could also call the ambulance and send information about the precise location and the measured data. It might happen that the heart of a patient stops beating while driving or in other circumstances or that it beats so fast that it can not pump the blood. In such cases a smart phone could realize the problem with the help of a pulse counter (sphygmograph) and could make an attempt to resuscitate the patient with the defibrillator attached to it.
Melatonin and its role in oxidative stress related diseases of oral cavity. (2007)

The role of the oral cavity in the pathogenesis of diseases of various systems such as the gastro-intestinal tract (GIT), cardiovascular and immune systems has been recently evaluated. While initially the oral cavity was considered to be mainly a source of various bacteria, their toxins and antigens, recent studies showed that it may also be a location of oxidative stress and periodontal inflammation. Accordingly, this review focuses on the involvement of melatonin (MT) in oxidative stress diseases of oral cavity as well as on potential therapeutic implications of MT in dental disorders, especially in periodontal inflammation. MT is generated and released by pineal gland and by entero-endocrine (EE) cells located in the GIT. The pattern of MT secretion from the pineal gland is controlled by an endogenous circadian timing system that conveys information about the light/dark cycle to various organs of the body, thereby organizing its seasonal and circadian rhythms. The secretion of MT from the EE cells of GIT is related mainly to feeding periods. MT is a non-toxic highly lipophilic indole, and this feature facilitates its penetration through cell membranes and its compartments. However, the most important effect of MT seems to result from its potent antioxidant, immuno-modulatory, protective and anti-cancer properties. It stimulates synthesis of type I collagen fibers and promotes bone formation. Thus, MT could be used therapeutically for instance, locally, in the oral cavity damage of mechanical, bacterial, fungal or viral origin, in post-surgical wounds caused by tooth extractions and other oral surgeries and, in helping bone formation in various auto-immunological disorders such as Sjorgen syndrome, in periodontal diseases, and in oral cancers.
Surface interactions between non-ferrous metallurgical slags and various refractory materials (1997)

grantor: University of Toronto
Selection of a cryostabilized Nb/sub 3/Sn conductor cooling system for the large coil program (1977)

The Large Coil Project (LCP) is a program to design, fabricate and test relatively large superconducting toroidal field coils for tokamak fusion reactor applications. Some basic requirements that affect the conductor design are cryostabilization, 8 tesla peak magnetic field, and a specified maximum refrigeration load. The engineering considerations that led to the selection of a forced flow supercritical helium-cooled cable conductor are described. Comparisons of forced flow supercritical helium cooled cable conductors with pool boiling cooled monolithic conductors were made with regard to a number of factors such as the thermal capacity of the coolant, the thermal design margins, propensity for conductor normalization, predictability of the thermal-flow performance, controllability of the cooling conditions, etc. It was concluded that, although there exists a number of design uncertainties and engineering problems, forced flow supercritical helium cooled conductors can provide a far more reliable coil design than the pool boiling monolithic concept. The design of a cryostabilized Nb/sub 3/Sn hollow cabled conductor involved detailed considerations of the need for fully transposed conductor strands, the nonuniform void and helium flow distributions, heat transfer from the twisted conductor strands, and helium flow rate and pump work requirements. The uncertainties in the design are discussed and the specifications of a reference Nb/sub 3/Sn conductor concept that meets the design requirements and constraints are presented.
A potential cerebrospinal fluid and plasmatic marker for the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt‐Jakob disease (2003)

The recent occurrence of the new variant of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), probably transmitted to humans by cattle affected by the bovine form of spongiform encephalopathy, has generated renewed interest in the clinical issues related to human spongiform encephalopathies. Using the current set of diagnostic tools, these rare but devastating conditions may be difficult to diagnose with accuracy before death. The objective of the present communication is to describe the discovery of a potential cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and plasmatic marker of human transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. A preliminary two-dimensional electrophoresis approach highlighted a potential neurodegenerative disorder marker called the fatty acid binding protein, FABP. Its heart form, H-FABP, was investigated in a small group of CJD affected patients (n = 8 ) by an immunoassay approach. The amount of FABP appeared to be significantly (p< or = 0.05) increased in all tested samples. H-FABP detection could therefore be helpful as a blood screening test for a pre-mortem diagnosis of the disease and also to prevent the risk of iatrogenic transmission of CJD through blood transfusion.
High-Temperature Superconducting Materials: Preparations, Properties, and Processing (1988)

This book is a collection of proceedings of a symposium organized by the North Carolina Section of the American Chemical Society on the preparations, properties, and processing of high-temperature superconducting materials. The proceedings include papers of new results presented at the symposium.
Process Groups: a mechanism for the coordination of and communication among processes in the Venus collective communication library (2002)

In programming massively parallel computers, it is often necessary to have sets of processes cooperate in performing certain computations and communications. Most run-time libraries require that such sets of processes be explicitly specified in the program. In the Venus run-time communication library however, a Process Group abstraction is used to enable implicit coordination of and communication over dynamically determined sets of processes. The Process Groups mechanism in Venus offers an object-oriented approach for handling sets of processes and enhances the debugging and monitoring of programs. The authors describe the Process Groups mechanism in Venus, illustrate its use on the class of N-body problems, and outline some of the data structures and algorithms used to implement this mechanism in Venus.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Tobacco Genes Expressed during in vitro Floral Initiation and Their Expression during Normal Plant Development (1989)

D. Ry Meeks-Wagner, Elizabeth S. Dennis, Kiem Tran Thanh Van, W. James Peacock, Tobacco Genes Expressed during in vitro Floral Initiation and Their Expression during Normal Plant Development, The Plant Cell, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Jan., 1989), pp. 25-35
Acceleration of compact toroid plasma rings for fusion applications (1988)

We describe experimental results for a new type of collective accelerator based on magnetically confined compact torus (CT) plasma rings and discuss applications to both inertial and magnetic fusion. We have demonstrated the principle of CT acceleration in the RACE device with acceleration of 0.5 mg ring masses to 400 km/s and 0.02 mg ring masses to 1400 km/s at greater than or equal to30% efficiency. Scaling the CT accelerator to the multi-megajoule level could provide an efficient, economical driver for inertial fusion (ICF) or magnetically insulated inertial fusion. Efficient conversion to x-rays for driving hohlraum-type ICF targets has been modeled using a radiation-hydrodynamics code. At less demanding conditions than required for ICF, a CT accelerator can be applied to fueling and current drive in tokamaks. Fueling is accomplished by injecting CTs at the required rate to sustain the particle inventory and at a velocity sufficient to penetrate to the magnetic axis before CT dissolution. Current drive is a consequence of the magnetic helicity content of the CT, which is approximately conserved during reconnection of the CT fields with the tokamak. Major areas of uncertainty in CT fueling and current drive concern the mechanism by which CTs will stop in a tokamak plasma and the effects of the CT on energy confinement and magnetic stability. Bounds on the required CT injection velocity are obtained by considering drag due to emission of an Alfven-wave wake and rapid reconnection and tilting on the internal Alfven time scale of the CT. Preliminary results employing a 3-D, resistive MHD code show rapid tilting with the CT aligning its magnetic moment with the tokamak field. Requirements for an experimental test of CT injection and scenarios for fueling a reactor will also be discussed. 14 refs., 4 figs.
Potential antitumor agents. Some sulfur-substituted derivatives of .alpha.- and .beta.-2'-deoxythioguanosine (1977)

A series of ten S-substituted derivatives of the alpha and beta anomers (1a and 1b) of 2'-deoxy-6-thioguanosine has been prepared by S-alkylation of the parent nucleosides and/or by mercaptide displacement reactions on 6-chloro intermediates. Against L1210 murine leukemia all beta anomers were active but potency was reduced relative to 1b. Most S-alkyl alpha anomers were inactive in this test. Limited testing against P388 murine leukemia showed all alpha-anomer derivatives to be inactive but the beta anomers were more effective than the parent. S-Substitution sharply reduced acute toxicity in both series. In vitro DNA and RNA synthesis inhibition data are also reported. The antitumor activity of these derivatives and of the 2',5'-di-O-acetyl derivatives of 1a and 1b against lymphoid leukemia L1210 is reported. Some results with the lymphocytic leukemia P388 and an in vitro assay of the inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis are also given.
Laxity of the Vaginal Introitus After Childbirth: Nonsurgical Outpatient Procedure for Vaginal Tissue Restoration and Improved Sexual Satisfaction Using Low-Energy Radiofrequency Thermal Therapy (2013)

A single nonsurgical office-based RF procedure for vaginal introital laxity achieved significant and sustainable 12-month effectiveness with respect to improved integrity at the vaginal introitus and improved sexual satisfaction. Treatment was well-tolerated with no adverse events.
Electrophysiology in the locked-in-syndrome (1996)

We investigated five patients with a locked-in-syndrome (LIS) and reported the clinical, electrophysiologic, neuroradiologic, and neuropathologic findings. EEG reactivity was present in two and absent in three cases. Somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) varied from unilaterally normal to bilaterally absent. We conclude that there is no specific pattern of SEP abnormality characteristic of LIS and that EEG reactivity cannot be taken as a sole measure of consciousness.
A Spatially Variant White-Patch and Gray-World Method for Color Image Enhancement Driven by Local Contrast (2008)

Starting from the revolutionary Retinex by Land and McCann, several further perceptually inspired color correction models have been developed with different aims, e.g. reproduction of color sensation, robust features recognition, enhancement of color images. Such models have a differential, spatially-variant and non-linear nature and they can coarsely be distinguished between white-patch (WP) and gray-world (GW) algorithms. In this paper we show that the combination of a pure WP algorithm (Random Spray Retinex (RSR) )and an essentially GW one (Automatic Color Equalization (ACE)) leads to a more robust and better performing model (RACE). The choice of RSR and ACE follows from the recent identification of a unified spatially-variant approach for both algorithms. Mathematically, the originally distinct non-linear and differential mechanisms of RSR and ACE have been fused using the spray technique and local average operations. The investigation of RACE allowed us to put in evidence a common drawback of differential models: corruption of uniform image areas. To overcome this intrinsic defect, we devised a local and global contrast-based and image-driven regulation mechanism that has a general applicability to perceptually inspired color correction algorithms. Tests, comparisons and discussions are presented.