gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How the choice of Operating System can affect databases on a Virtual Machine (2014)

As databases grow in size, the need for optimizing databases is becoming a necessity. Choosing the right operating system to support your database becomes paramount to ensure that the database is fully utilized. Furthermore with the virtualization of operating systems becoming more commonplace, we find ourselves with more choices than we ever faced before. This paper demonstrates why the choice of operating system plays an integral part in deciding the right database for your system in a virtual environment. This paper contains an experiment which measured benchmark performance of a Database management system on various virtual operating systems. This experiment shows the effect a virtual operating system has on the database management system that runs upon it. These findings will help to promote future research into this area as well as provide a foundation on which future research can be based upon.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Can Establish Latent Infection in Resting CD4<sup>+</sup>T Cells in the Absence of Activating Stimuli (2005)

ABSTRACT Resting CD4 + T cells are the best-defined reservoir of latent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, but how the reservoir is formed is unclear. Understanding how the reservoir of latently infected cells forms is critical because it is a major barrier to curing HIV infection. The system described here may provide an in vitro model of latent HIV-1 infection in resting CD4 + T cells. We demonstrated that HIV-1 integrates into the genomes of in vitro-inoculated resting CD4 + T cells that have not received activating stimuli and have not entered cell cycle stage G 1b . A percentage of the resting CD4 + T cells that contain integrated DNA produce virus upon stimulation, i.e., are latently infected. Our results show that latent HIV-1 infection occurs in unstimulated resting CD4 + T cells and suggest a new route for HIV-1 reservoir formation.
Training examiners to administer a quantitative neurological examination for a multicenter clinical trial. (1975)

A battery of quantitative neurological tests was used in a multicenter clinical trial to compare ACTH with placebo for the treatment of patients with multiple sclerosis in acute exacerbation. Since the battery of tests was administered in ten centers by physical therapists, it was critical that the examiners were well trained and remained so. Results of experiments showed that physical therapists could be successfully trained to administer the tests in a uniform fashion and remained trained for three years, the duration of the clinical trial. The fact that physical therapists are not taught tell-tale side effects of a treatment, and hence do not perceive these as do the physician examiners, introduces another level of objectivity into neurological clinical trials.
A comparison of Semi-Greedy multiple hypothesis methods in the radar data association problem (2014)

This paper shows the results of two different methods of implementing the semi-greedy auction algorithm for hypothesis selection in the multiple hypothesis radar data association problem. The goal is to compare the Semi-Greedy Track Selection (SGTS) technique proposed by Waard, Capponi et. al. to a traditional semi-greedy approach [2], [3], [4], [5], [6], [12]. This study uses detection data generated by a medium-fidelity digital simulation of targets and sensors passed through the developed multiple hypothesis system. The results show that there is a crossover point at 8 solution sets for simplistic scenarios and a crossover point of 3 solution sets for more complex scenarios. This result would suggest that implementations where more than 8 solution sets in the semi-greedy approach are to be considered, the traditional semi-greedy approach is favorable. In problems where less than 3 solution sets are to be considered, the SGTS method provides better performance.
Discovery of Novel Pim-1 Kinase Inhibitors by a Hierarchical Multistage Virtual Screening Approach Based on SVM Model, Pharmacophore, and Molecular Docking (2011)

In this investigation, we describe the discovery of novel potent Pim-1 inhibitors by employing a proposed hierarchical multistage virtual screening (VS) approach, which is based on support vector machine-based (SVM-based VS or SB-VS), pharmacophore-based VS (PB-VS), and docking-based VS (DB-VS) methods. In this approach, the three VS methods are applied in an increasing order of complexity so that the first filter (SB-VS) is fast and simple, while successive ones (PB-VS and DB-VS) are more time-consuming but are applied only to a small subset of the entire database. Evaluation of this approach indicates that it can be used to screen a large chemical library rapidly with a high hit rate and a high enrichment factor. This approach was then applied to screen several large chemical libraries, including PubChem, Specs, and Enamine as well as an in-house database. From the final hits, 47 compounds were selected for further in vitro Pim-1 inhibitory assay, and 15 compounds show nanomolar level or low micromolar inhibition potency against Pim-1. In particular, four of them were found to have new scaffolds which have potential for the chemical development of Pim-1 inhibitors.
Species diversity and relative abundance of vaginal lactic acid bacteria from women in Uganda and Korea (2006)

The knowledge of species richness and relative abundance of vaginal lactic acid bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Pediococcus and Weissella, may lead to the design of better probiotic products as bacterial replacement therapy.
Probiotics Supplementation Therapy for Pathological Neonatal Jaundice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (2017)

<b>Background:</b> Neonatal jaundice is a relatively prevalent disease and affects approximately 2.4-15% newborns. Probiotics supplementation therapy could assist to improve the recovery of neonatal jaundice, through enhancing immunity mainly by regulating bacterial colonies. However, there is limited evidence regarding the effect of probiotics on bilirubin level in neonates. Therefore, this study aims at systematically evaluating the efficacy and safety of probiotics supplement therapy for pathological neonatal jaundice. <b>Methods:</b> Databases including PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan Fang Database (Wan Fang), Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals (VIP) were searched and the deadline is December 2016. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotics supplementation for pathological neonatal jaundice in publications were extracted by two reviewers. The cochrane tool was applied to assessing the risk of bias of the trials. The extracted information of RCTs should include efficacy rate, serum total bilirubin level, time of jaundice fading, duration of phototherapy, duration of hospitalization, adverse reactions. The main outcomes of the trials were analyzed by Review Manager 5.3 software. The relative risks (RR) or mean difference (MD) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to measure the effect. <b>Results:</b> 13 RCTs involving 1067 neonatal with jaundice were included in the meta-analysis. Probiotics supplementation treatment showed efficacy [RR: 1.19, 95% CI (1.12, 1.26), <i>P</i> < 0.00001] in neonatal jaundice. It not only decreased the total serum bilirubin level after 3day [MD: -18.05, 95% CI (-25.51, -10.58), <i>P</i> < 0.00001], 5day [MD: -23.49, 95% CI (-32.80, -14.18), <i>P</i> < 0.00001], 7day [MD: -33.01, 95% CI (-37.31, -28.70), <i>P</i> < 0.00001] treatment, but also decreased time of jaundice fading [MD: -1.91, 95% CI (-2.06, -1.75), <i>P</i> < 0.00001], as well as the duration of phototherapy [MD: -0.64, 95% CI (-0.84, -0.44), <i>P</i> < 0.00001] and hospitalization [MD: -2.68, 95% CI (-3.18, -2.17), <i>P</i> < 0.00001], when compared with the control group. Additionally, no serious adverse reaction was reported. <b>Conclusion:</b> This meta-analysis shows that probiotics supplementation therapy is an effective and safe treatment for pathological neonatal jaundice.
Time delays in propagation of cardiac action potential (1990)

Recent work has suggested that discrete time delays could occur between cardiac cells under physiological conditions. To investigate the existence of such time delays, monolayers of 10-day chick-embryo ventricular myocytes were grown in cell culture on arrays of extracellular microelectrodes. The most closely spaced recording electrodes were on 20-microns centers. Some pairs of electrodes recorded from different points on the same cell, whereas other pairs straddled intercellular junctions. The preparation was electrically paced to obtain a repeatable propagation pathway. Arrival times of activation at each microelectrode were measured. After control recordings, the preparation was exposed to medium containing 20 mM NH4Cl for 15 min and then returned to normal medium. This intervention produces transient intracellular acidification that decreases intercellular coupling. After acidification, the average (multicellular) conduction velocity decreased to about two-thirds of the control value. Propagation velocity measured between most electrode pairs decreased proportionately. However, disproportionately long propagation delays of up to 410 microseconds were observed between some pairs of electrodes in various experiments. The delays recovered as pH returned to normal. The localized long delays were thought to be due to decreased intercellular coupling at gap junctions.
A Search Strategy for Ultra-Wideband Signal Acquisition (2005)

The ultra-wideband (UWB) channel is characterized by the presence of dense multipath and robustness to multipath fading. By taking system performance subsequent to acquisition into account, it was shown recently that there are multiple phases (called the hit set) where a receiver lock can be considered as successful acquisition. In this case, the serial search may no longer be the optimal choice for the sequential search strategy in the acquisition system. In this letter, we consider the problem of finding better search strategies in the set of all search strategies which are permutations of the search space. The large size of the search space and the absence of any exploitable structure make the problem of finding the permutation search strategy which minimizes the mean detection time prohibitively complex. However, if we take the first-order approximation that the probabilities of detection of all the hit-set phases are equal, then there exists a permutation search strategy which minimizes the mean detection time. Since the actual probabilities of detection are not equal, this search strategy, although not optimal, serves as a useful heuristic solution to an otherwise intractable problem. Furthermore, we see that this search strategy has a simple Jump-by-H structure, and improves the mean detection time by a significant amount compared with the serial search.
Survey of ICT and Education in Africa : Chad Country Report (2007)

This short country report, a result of larger Information for Development Program (infoDev)-supported survey of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) in education in Africa, provides a general overview of current activities and issues related to ICT use in education in the country. Chad and its partners in development have adopted a 10-year strategy called Education and Training in Liaison with Employment (EFE), and the process for setting up a national ICT policy is underway. Most of Chad's initiatives involve training and continued education through ICT. Although distance training is difficult, it is not impossible. New goals and initiatives are currently being explored by the national Ministry of Education to set up programmes to benefit both teachers and students. The main obstacle to overcome is the financial need.
Availability and Load Balancing in Cloud Computing (2011)

Availability of cloud systems is one of the main concerns of cloud computing. The term, availability of clouds, is mainly evaluated by ubiquity of information comparing with resource scaling. In clouds, load balancing, as a method, is applied across different data centers to ensure the network availability by minimizing use of computer hardware, software failures and mitigating recourse limitations. This work discusses the load balancing in cloud computing and then demonstrates a case study of system availability based on a typical Hospital Database Management solution. http://www.ipcsit.com/vol14/25-ICCSM2011-S0063.pdf
Accelerating effect of meta substituents in the ester-mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction (1998)

The ester-mediated nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr) reaction of 2-methoxybenzoic ester 1 with Grignard reagents 11 is greatly accelerated by introduction of a methoxy or halo substituent at the 3-position of the benzoate ring (7–10). The substituent effects of these groups at the 3-position are compared with those at the 5-position to suggest that the activation mechanism of the methoxy substituent is different from that of the halo substituent; the ligating ability of the 3-methoxy group plays a crucial role in enhancing the reactivity of the 2-methoxy moiety, while the electron-withdrawing ability is more important in the case of the halo groups. It has also been found that introduction of an additional methoxy substituent at the meta-position (33, 34) enables the SNAr methoxy-displacement reaction even at the para-position to the ester activator. The accelerating effect of the 3-bromo substituent is advantageously utilized for regioselective allylation of 3-bromo-2,6-dimethoxybenzoic ester 55 at the 2-position to provide an easy access to a multisubstituted naphthol 59, which is a key compound for the syntheses of michellamines A–C and the related naphthylisoquinoline alkaloids.
The effects of aquaporins in different animal models of acute lung injury (2014)

Background Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common syndrome with high mortality and disability rate.The imbalance of water in lung plays a significant role in the complicated pathological mechanisms of ALI.Dysfunction of lung vascular endothelial cells were thought to be accounted for the high permeability,however,the discovery of aquaporins (AQP),brings a novel perspective into this field.Objective Know about aquaporins' functions in different animal models of ALI.Content we will review aquaporins' general features,distribution in the lung,and functions in different animal models of acute lung injury.Trend Explore functions of aquaporins in the pathological mechanism of ALI,providing new thoughts for clinical treatments.

Key words: 
Aquaporins;  Acute lung injury;  Models animal
The influence of prebiotic or probiotic supplementation on antibody titers after influenza vaccination: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (2018)

Supplementation with prebiotics or probiotics may enhance the influenza hemagglutination inhibition antibody titers in all A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B strains (20%, 19.5%, and 13.6% increases, respectively). Concomitant prebiotics or probiotics supplementation with influenza vaccination may hold great promise for improving vaccine efficacy. However, high heterogeneity was observed and further studies are warranted.
Comparison of the Effects of Dopamine, Hydralazine, and Isosorbide Dinitrate on Myocardial Hemodynamics in Patients with Refractory Heart Failure (1981)

Nine patients with refractory congestive heart failure underwent hemodynamic study first with dopamine and then with oral hydralazine and sublingual isosorbide dinitrate. Although hemodynamic improvement was achieved with both forms of therapy, the beneficial effects of hydralazine alone or with isosorbide were superior to those of dopamine, as manifested by a greater reduction of wedge pressure and greater increase in stroke index. Six patients who demonstrated an increased wedge pressure during dopamine infusion were observed to manifest a louder apical systolic murmur and/or V wave in the wedge pressure tracing suggestive of enhanced mitral regurgitation. The rise in wedge pressure on dopamine could also be a consequence of increased myocardial ischemia and resultant decrease in ventricular compliance. It is possible that a subgroup of patients with heart failure are made worse by dopamine, and in these cases vasodilator therapy may be more beneficial.
Syndecan-1 Is Essential for the Myeloma Cell Growth Factor Activity of EGF-Family Ligands in Multiple Myeloma. (2005)

Abstract Aim was to assess the role of the epidermal growth factor (EGF)/EGF receptor (ErbB1 (EGFR), ErbB2, ErbB3 and ErbB4) family in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM) investigating (i) their expression profile and (ii) their functional activity. Comparing Affymetrix DNA-microarray-expression-profiles of CD138-purified plasma-cells from 65 MM patients and 7 normal individuals to those of plasmablastic- and B-cells, we found 5/10 EGF-family genes to be overexpressed in myeloma cells (MMC). Two of them -neuregulin(NRG)-2 and NRG-3- were expressed by MMC only, while other three -NRG-1, amphiregulin (AREG) and TGF-α- were expressed by both MMC and normal bone marrow (BM) plasma cells (PCs). In addition, using real-time PCR, we found 4/10 EGF-ligands -HB-EGF, AREG, NRG-1 and epiregulin- to be expressed by cells from the BM-environment. ErbB receptors were expressed by normal and malignant plasma cells but were lacking on plasmablastic- and B-cells. ErbB1 and ErbB2 were expressed by MMC and BMPC, whereas ErbB3 and ErbB4 were expressed by MMC exclusively. The growth of myeloma cell lines was promoted by EGF-ligands able to bind heparan sulfate (HS) proteoglycans (PGs), i.e. NRG-1, amphiregulin and HB-EGF, but not by other EGF-ligands, i.e. EGF, TGF-α, epiregulin and betacellulin. Proliferation induced by HS-binding EGF-ligands was completely abrogated when the growth factors where pre-incubated with heparin. A truncated form of NRG-1 that lacks the HS-binding domain but has kept the ErbB binding domain was unable to promote MMC growth. MMC could bind large levels of HS-binding EGF-ligands through syndecan-1, which is expressed on myeloma cells at a high density contrary to other 10 HSPGs -syndecan-2-4, glypican-1-6 and CD44v3-. The binding was abrogated by either pre-treatment with heparitinase (which cleaves HS chains), or pre-incubation of the growth factors with heparin. None of the EGF-ligands could bind or induce proliferation of the XG-10 myeloma cell line which doesn’t express syndecan-1. Thus, EGF/EGF-receptor genes are expressed during plasma cell differentiation and malignant transformation: MMC express ErbB receptors and several HS-binding EGF-ligands. Cells from the BM-environment can also be a source of EGF-family members delivering a paracrine growth signal to MMC. Myeloma cell growth is stimulated by EGF-ligands that bind HS, via binding to syndecan-1, which likely concentrates high levels of HS-binding-EGF-ligands in the proximity of ErbB receptors at the cell membrane and therefore facilitates ErbB-activation. This accumulation of EGF-family members at cell membrane is required to promote their myeloma cell growth activity. We have previously shown that pan-ErbB inhibitors like CI-1033 induce strong apoptosis of primary MMC cultured with their bone-marrow environment. Together with these data, this further recommends EGF-signalling as promising target for MM therapy.
Optical Disc System for Digital Video Recording (2000)

We have developed a new error correction method (Picket: a combination of a long distance code (LDC) and a burst indicator subcode (BIS)), a new channel modulation scheme (17PP, or (1, 7) RLL parity preserve (PP)-prohibit repeated minimum transition runlength (RMTR) in full), and a new address format (zoned constant angular velocity (ZCAV) with headers and wobble, and practically constant linear density) for a digital video recording system (DVR) using a phase change disc with 9.2 GB capacity with the use of a red (λ=650 nm) laser and an objective lens with a numerical aperture ( NA ) of 0.85 in combination with a thin cover layer. Despite its high density, this new format is highly reliable and efficient. When extended for use with blue-violet (λ≈405 nm) diode lasers, the format is well suited to be the basis of a third-generation optical recording system with over 22 GB capacity on a single layer of a 12-cm-diameter disc.
Geppetto: Versatile Verifiable Computation (2015)

Cloud computing sparked interest in Verifiable Computation protocols, which allow a weak client to securely outsource computations to remote parties. Recent work has dramatically reduced the client's cost to verify the correctness of their results, but the overhead to produce proofs remains largely impractical. Geppetto introduces complementary techniques for reducing prover overhead and increasing prover flexibility. With Multi QAPs, Geppetto reduces the cost of sharing state between computations (e.g, For MapReduce) or within a single computation by up to two orders of magnitude. Via a careful choice of cryptographic primitives, Geppetto's instantiation of bounded proof bootstrapping improves on prior bootstrapped systems by up to five orders of magnitude, albeit at some cost in universality. Geppetto also efficiently verifies the correct execution of proprietary (i.e, Secret) algorithms. Finally, Geppetto's use of energy-saving circuits brings the prover's costs more in line with the program's actual (rather than worst-case) execution time. Geppetto is implemented in a full-fledged, scalable compiler and runtime that consume LLVM code generated from a variety of source C programs and cryptographic libraries.
Evaluation of glycerol as an osmotic agent for continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in end-stage renal failure (1986)

Six patients established on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis entered a trial of treatment with dialysis fluid containing glycerol instead of glucose as the osmotic agent in an attempt to decrease the energy load. They were observed for a further 6 months after reconversion to glucose-based dialysis. During the 6 month control period fluid balance was achieved mainly with a solution containing 76 mmol of glucose/1. Fluid balance was maintained during the 6 month period of treatment with glycerol only by the increased use of solutions containing a high concentration of glycerol (152 mmol/l and 272 mmol/l). Thus the energy value of the absorbed osmotic agent did not differ at a mean of 1607 kJ (384 kcal)/day using glycerol and 1669 kJ (399 kcal)/day using glucose as the osmotic agent. In five subjects, fasting and peak blood glycerol levels did not change over the 6 months, but one subject, who accumulated glycerol, developed symptoms of hyperosmolality after 2 months and glycerol therapy was discontinued. In a further subject glycerol-based dialysis was terminated at 3 months when increasing angina was reported. Mean fasting plasma triglyceride concentrations were 50% higher during the 6 months on glycerol (3.12 +/- 1.12 mmol/l) than on glucose (2.19 +/- 0.97 mmol/l) (P less than 0.05). There was a small rise in very low density lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations with glycerol dialysis but total cholesterol levels were unchanged.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)