gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the Double-Layer Printed Spiral Coil for Wireless Power Transfer (2013)

As a critical part of the wireless power transfer system via strongly coupled magnetic resonances, the resonant coils must be cautiously designed for the specific resonant frequency and high quality factor. There are some issues needed to be considered and studied in the coil design, such as the coil structure, parasitic parameter extraction, and optimizing. In this paper, the double-layer printed spiral coil is used, which could fully take advantage of the limited space and make larger parasitic capacitance for lower resonant frequency. Using the simplified partial element equivalent circuit method and finite element method, the circuit model with consideration of parasitic parameters and high-frequency losses is built, and the impedance characteristic of coil is simulated, which coincides well with the measurement result. In addition, several elements affecting the high-frequency loss, including the skin effect, proximity effect, and dielectric loss, are discussed for reaching higher quality factor, which is critical for the power transfer system.
Exclusion of chromosomal mosaicism in amniotic fluid cultures: Efficacy of <i>in situ</i> versus flask techniques (1990)

Accurate diagnosis of mosaicism in amniotic fluid cell cultures represents a major problem. If insufficient cells are analysed, true fetal mosaicism may go undetected. False-positive diagnosis is also possible since a second cell line may arise in vitro and not reflect the true fetal genetic constitution. These difficulties apply to both flask and in situ culture techniques, to varying degrees. The relative accuracy of flask versus in situ culture techniques in excluding mosaicism was determined by statistical analysis of experimental data from ten pairs of mixed male-female amniotic fluid specimens. The data support the idea that the majority of in situ colonies are independent of one another. The following conclusions are drawn: (1) analysis of a single metaphase from a number of different colonies enhances the confidence for excluding mosaicism; (2) analysis of more than one cell per colony offers little advantage; (3) exclusion of a given level of mosaicism requires analysis of fewer metaphases using the in situ method; (4) the confidence for excluding mosaicism is high with both in situ and flask techniques, using the provided guidelines; and (5) it is shown that the two-stage approach used by many laboratories is currently the most efficient way to exclude mosaicism.
Control of Ge dots in dimension and position by selective epitaxial growth and their optical properties (1998)

Control of dimension and position of Ge dots on a nanoscale is accomplished by combining Stranski–Krastanov growth mode with selective epitaxial growth technique in windows surrounded by SiO2 films on Si substrates. The dimension and the number of these dots are controlled by the size of the windows, and a single dot is grown in a window with the size of less than 300 nm. Moreover, clear phonon-resolved photoluminescence (PL) is observed from the Ge dots, reflecting the improved uniformity in their dimensions. The PL energy is found to be strongly dependent on the dot’s dimension.
Synthesis of wholly aromatic polysulfonamides from aromatic disulfonyl chlorides and aromatic diamines (1979)

Abstract Wholly aromatic polysulfonamides of high molecular weight were prepared by the solution poly‐condensation of aromatic disulfonyl chlorides with aromatic diamines in tetramethylene sulfone and substituted pyridines as the acid acceptor. Polysulfonamides with inherent viscosities as high as 1.2 were readily obtained by initiating polycondensation at a temperature of 5–10°C to control the side reactions. The polycondensation was fairly fast and was completed in 10 min at 60°C. All the aromatic polysulfonamides dissolved in a wide range of solvents, including acetone and tetrahydrofuran. These polymers were less thermally stable than the corresponding aromatic polyamides.
‘Cold shock’ increases the frequency of homology directed repair gene editing in induced pluripotent stem cells (2018)

Using CRISPR/Cas9 delivered as a RNA modality in conjunction with a lipid specifically formulated for large RNA molecules, we demonstrate that homology directed repair (HDR) rates between 20-40% can be achieved in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSC). Furthermore, low HDR rates (between 1-20%) can be enhanced two- to ten-fold in both iPSCs and HEK293 cells by 'cold shocking' cells at 32 °C for 24-48 hours following transfection. This method can also increases the proportion of loci that have undergone complete sequence conversion across the donor sequence, or 'perfect HDR', as opposed to partial sequence conversion where nucleotides more distal to the CRISPR cut site are less efficiently incorporated ('partial HDR'). We demonstrate that the structure of the single-stranded DNA oligo donor can influence the fidelity of HDR, with oligos symmetric with respect to the CRISPR cleavage site and complementary to the target strand being more efficient at directing 'perfect HDR' compared to asymmetric non-target strand complementary oligos. Our protocol represents an efficient method for making CRISPR-mediated, specific DNA sequence changes within the genome that will facilitate the rapid generation of genetic models of human disease in iPSCs as well as other genome engineered cell lines.
Selective inactivation of micro-organisms with near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses (2007)

We demonstrate an unconventional and revolutionary method for selective inactivation of micro-organisms by using near-infrared femtosecond laser pulses. We show that if the wavelength and pulse width of the excitation femtosecond laser are appropriately selected, there exists a window in power density that enables us to achieve selective inactivation of target viruses and bacteria without causing cytotoxicity in mammalian cells. This strategy targets the mechanical (vibrational) properties of micro-organisms, and thus its antimicrobial efficacy is likely unaffected by genetic mutation in the micro-organisms. Such a method may be effective against a wide variety of drug resistant micro-organisms and has broad implications in disinfection as well as in the development of novel treatments for viral and bacterial pathogens.
Dendritic Cell Transmigration through Brain Microvessel Endothelium Is Regulated by MIP-1α Chemokine and Matrix Metalloproteinases (2007)

Dendritic cells (DCs) accumulate in the CNS during inflammatory diseases, but the exact mechanism regulating their traffic into the CNS remains to be defined. We now report that MIP-1alpha increases the transmigration of bone marrow-derived, GFP-labeled DCs across brain microvessel endothelial cell monolayers. Furthermore, occludin, an important element of endothelial tight junctions, is reorganized when DCs migrate across brain capillary endothelial cell monolayers without causing significant changes in the barrier integrity as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. We show that DCs produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) -2 and -9 and GM6001, an MMP inhibitor, decreases both baseline and MIP-1alpha-induced DC transmigration. These observations suggest that DC transmigration across brain endothelial cell monolayers is partly MMP dependent. The migrated DCs express higher levels of CD40, CD80, and CD86 costimulatory molecules and induce T cell proliferation, indicating that the transmigration of DCs across brain endothelial cell monolayers contributes to the maintenance of DC Ag-presenting function. The MMP dependence of DC migration across brain endothelial cell monolayers raises the possibility that MMP blockers may decrease the initiation of T cell recruitment and neuroinflammation in the CNS.
Binocular adaptive optics visual simulator: understanding the impact of aberrations on actual vision (2010)

A novel adaptive optics system is presented for the study of vision. The apparatus is capable for binocular operation. The binocular adaptive optics visual simulator permits measuring and manipulating ocular aberrations of the two eyes simultaneously. Aberrations can be corrected, or modified, while the subject performs visual testing under binocular vision. One of the most remarkable features of the apparatus consists on the use of a single correcting device, and a single wavefront sensor (Hartmann-Shack). Both the operation and the total cost of the instrument largely benefit from this attribute. The correcting device is a liquid-crystal-on-silicon (LCOS) spatial light modulator. The basic performance of the visual simulator consists in the simultaneous projection of the two eyes' pupils onto both the corrector and sensor. Examples of the potential of the apparatus for the study of the impact of the aberrations under binocular vision are presented. Measurements of contrast sensitivity with modified combinations of spherical aberration through focus are shown. Special attention was paid on the simulation of monovision, where one eye is corrected for far vision while the other is focused at near distance. The results suggest complex binocular interactions. The apparatus can be dedicated to the better understanding of the vision mechanism, which might have an important impact in developing new protocols and treatments for presbyopia. The technique and the instrument might contribute to search optimized ophthalmic corrections.
Simulation, Test and Analysis of Three-phase Short-Circuit Braking in IGCT-based MV Adjustable Speed Drive Systems (2005)

In the medium voltage adjustable speed drive (MV-ASD) systems, low switching frequency results in high harmonics in the output voltage waveform, which is harmful to the isolation of the induction motor. Therefore, the power filter is usually set between inverter and motor. However, self-excitation oscillation easily occurs under this structure due to the filter capacitor, which could continuously bring up the DC-link voltage of the inverter, and even destroy the devices in inverters. One of the effective ways to eliminate the self-excitation oscillation is to set the inverter to three-phase short-circuit braking state, which is described and analyzed in detail in this paper. Three-phase short-circuit braking could be easily realized in the inverter-motor system. It can be verified by both simulation based on PSIM and test results that this is an efficient way in real applications. Finally, the characteristics of the short-circuit braking is summarized and beneficial suggestions on using this braking method are presented
Preparation of enantiomeric and racemic 2,3,4,5-tetrahydroxypentyl derivatives of adenine, cytosine and uracil (1982)

1-(Adenin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-DL-ribitol ( III ), -D-arabitol ( IXa ), -L-arabitol ( XIVa ), -DL-xylitol ( XXIVa ), 1-(cytosin-L-yl)-1-deoxy-D-arabitol ( IXb ), -L-arabitol ( XIVb ), 1-(uracil-1-yl)-1-deoxy-D-arabitol ( IXc ), -L-arabitol ( XIVc ) and -DL-xylitol ( XXIVb ) were prepared by reaction of 1-O- p -toluenesulfonyl-2,3:4,5-di-O-isopropylidenealditols Ib, VIIb, XIIb and XXIIb with sodium salts of adenine, N 4 -benzoylcytosine or 4-methoxy-2-pyrimidone followed by removal of the protecting groups. Condensation of the mentioned sodium salts with methyl 5-O- p -toluenesulfonyl-2,3-O-isopropylidene-β-D-ribofuranoside ( IV ) with subsequent acid hydrolysis and reduction with sodium borohydride afforded 1-(adenin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-L-ribitol ( VIa ) and 1-(cytosin-1-yl)-1-deoxy-L-ribitol ( VIb ). 1-(Adenin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-L-lyxitol ( XVII ), -L-lyxitol ( XVIII ) and -2-O-methyl-D-lyxitol ( XXI ) were prepared analogously. Acid hydrolysis of 5-(adenin-9-yl)-5-deoxy-4-O-benzyl-1,2-O-isopropylidene-α-D-xylofuranose ( XXVa ), followed by reduction with sodium borohydride and catalytic hydrogenation, gave 1-(adenin-9-yl)-1-deoxy-L-xylitol ( XXVIb ).
The University Essay Writing Experience: A pathway for academic integration during transition (2001)

The purpose of this paper is to explore ways in which students' experiences during the writing process can contribute to their academic integration. Students ( n = 46) were surveyed on their experiences before, during and after completion of their first major writing assignment. They were also interviewed in focus groups. Data indicate that students perceived several factors that may potentially inhibit their academic integration—some within the broader university context and others pertaining to completion of the written assignment. Findings suggest that interactions with staff and peers during the assignment writing process can provide significant opportunities for integration, provided these interactions are supportive. The study has implications for those who plan, support and deliver first year university courses, particularly those courses involving academic writing assignments.
Soyoligosaccharide Increases Fecal Bifidobacteria Counts, Short-Chain Fatty Acids, and Fecal Lipid Concentrations in Young Korean Women (2007)

The effects of soyoligosaccharide intake on human fecal characteristics were investigated by measuring the fecal water content, bifidobacteria counts, pH, and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and lipids. Sixteen young women were randomly assigned to one of two groups: (1) 1.5 g/day soyoligosaccharide intake group [low soyoligosaccharide (LSO)] or (2) 3 g/day soyoligosaccharide intake group [high soyoligosaccharide (HSO)]. The experimental period was 30 days, and fecal samples were collected every 7 days. The number of bifidobacteria in feces was increased significantly in the HSO group. Of the fecal SCFAs, propionate and butyrate concentrations were significantly increased in the HSO group. The excretions of total lipids in feces were significantly increased in both the LSO and HSO groups. These results demonstrate that a soyoligosaccharide intake of 3 g/day increases fecal bifidobacteria counts, SCFA concentrations, and fecal lipid output in Korean young women.
Lazy-Update B+-Tree for Flash Devices (2009)

With the rapid increasing capacity of flash chips, flash-aware indexing techniques are highly desirable for flash devices. The unique features of flash memory, such as the erase-before-write constraint and the asymmetric read/write cost, severely deteriorate the performance of the traditional B+-tree algorithm. In this paper, we propose a new indexing method, called lazy-update B+-tree, to overcome the limitations of flash memory. The basic idea is to defer the time of committing update requests to the B+-tree by buffering them in a segment of main memory. They are later committed in groups so that each write operation can be amortized by a bunch of update requests. We identify a victim selection problem for the lazy-update B+-tree and develop two heuristic-based commit policies to address the problem. Simulation results show that the proposed lazy-update method, along with a well-designed commit policy, greatly improves the update performance of the traditional B+-tree while preserving the query efficiency.
Anti‐Idiotypic Antibodies against the Receptor Antibodies in Myasthenia Gravis (1981)

Anti-idiotypic antibodies were prepared against purified acetylcholine receptor antibodies from two patients with myasthenia gravis. The purified idiotypes did not cross-react. Reaction with idiotypes from other patients were found in 8% and 37%, respectively, which suggests that shared idiotypic specificities occur. The anti-idiotypic IgG fractions had no receptor-like activity and did not bind cholinergic ligands. Receptor antibodies from two mothers and their newborn children with neonatal myasthenia gravis showed marked differences in the reactions with an anti-idiotypic antibody. This suggests that not passive transfer of maternal antibodies but a transient synthesis of a receptor antibody with a different specificity is an important factor in the pathogenesis of neonatal myasthenia gravis.
Suppression of morphine withdrawal syndrome by interleukin-2 and its gene (2005)

The naloxone-precipitated withdrawal syndrome in mice and rats after intrathecal injection of recombinant human interleukin-2 protein (rIL-2) or its gene was studied. The results showed that rIL-2 could significantly decrease the number of jumps in mice. In rats, rIL-2 significantly suppressed irritating, diarrhea, weight loss, abnormal posture and salivation. Tendencies towards reductions in teeth chewing and dog-shaking were also observed. Furthermore, pcDNA3-IL-2 (8 microg DNA) had a similar effect as 1x10 IU rIL-2 protein on inhibition of morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice, and the expression of rIL-2 protein in spinal cord could be detected for 6 days. These findings provided further evidence for the neuroregulatory function of an immunological molecule such as IL-2.
Optimal Anycast Technique for Delay-Sensitive Energy-Constrained Asynchronous Sensor Networks (2009)

In wireless sensor networks, asynchronous sleep-wake scheduling protocols can significantly reduce energy consumption without incurring the communication overhead for clock synchronization used in typical sleep-wake scheduling protocols. However, the savings could come at a significant cost in delay performance. Recently, researchers have attempted to exploit the inherent broadcast nature of the wireless medium to reduce this delay with virtually no additional energy cost. These schemes are called "anycasting," where each sensor node forwards the packet to the first node that wakes up among a set of candidate next-hop nodes. In this paper, we develop a delay-optimal anycasting scheme under periodic sleep-wake patterns. Our solution is computationally simple and fully distributed. We show that periodic sleep-wake patterns result in the smallest delay among all wake-up patterns under given energy constraints. Simulation results illustrate the benefit of our proposed schemes over the state-of-the art.
Coupling erythropoietin secretion to mesenchymal stromal cells enhances their regenerative properties (2008)

Epo overexpression enhances the cellular regenerative properties of MSCs by both autocrine and paracrine pathways.
Preclinical Testing of the Nitroimidazopyran PA-824 for Activity against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> in a Series of In Vitro and In Vivo Models (2005)

This study extends earlier reports regarding the in vitro and in vivo efficacies of the nitroimidazopyran PA-824 against Mycobacterium tuberculosis. PA-824 was tested in vitro against a broad panel of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates and was found to be highly active against all isolates (MIC<1 microg/ml). The activity of PA-824 against M. tuberculosis was also assessed grown under conditions of oxygen depletion. PA-824 showed significant activity at 2, 10, and 50 microg/ml, similar to that of metronidazole, in a dose-dependent manner. In a short-course mouse infection model, the efficacy of PA-824 at 50, 100, and 300 mg/kg of body weight formulated in methylcellulose or cyclodextrin/lecithin after nine oral treatments was compared with those of isoniazid, rifampin, and moxifloxacin. PA-824 at 100 mg/kg in cyclodextrin/lecithin was as active as moxifloxacin at 100 mg/kg and isoniazid at 25 mg/kg and was slightly more active than rifampin at 20 mg/kg. Long-term treatment with PA-824 at 100 mg/kg in cyclodextrin/lecithin reduced the bacterial load below 500 CFU in the lungs and spleen. No significant differences in activity between PA-824 and the other single drug treatments tested (isoniazid at 25 mg/kg, rifampin at 10 mg/kg, gatifloxacin at 100 mg/kg, and moxifloxacin at 100 mg/kg) could be observed. In summary, its good activity in in vivo models, as well as its activity against multidrug-resistant M. tuberculosis and against M. tuberculosis isolates in a potentially latent state, makes PA-824 an attractive drug candidate for the therapy of tuberculosis. These data indicate that there is significant potential for effective oral delivery of PA-824 for the treatment of tuberculosis.
Decidual macrophages: key regulators of vascular remodeling in human pregnancy (2016)

Successful remodeling of the uterine spiral arteries is essential for a complication-free pregnancy and is best described in terms of its morphologic features. The molecular mediators and cellular sources of spiral artery remodeling are not known, although a role for uterine leukocytes has been proposed. Immunohistochemical assessment of placental bed biopsies demonstrated uterine NK cells, macrophages, and T lymphocytes in the wall and adventitia of spiral arteries at different stages of remodeling, regardless of the presence of extravillous trophoblast cells. Leukocytes were more prevalent in vessel adventitia than wall, and macrophages were the most abundant leukocyte population. Macrophages, separated from early pregnancy decidua, did not alter extravillous trophoblast cells invasion or vascular smooth muscle cell organization or differentiation status but did induce extracellular matrix breakdown (reduced immunostaining of laminin, P = 0.05; fibronectin, P = 0.02) and were able to phagocytose apoptotic vascular smooth muscle cells. Decidual macrophages were shown to secrete a wide range of cytokines (IL-1β, -2, -4, -5, -6, -8, -10, and -13 and TNF-α), proteases (matrix metalloproteinase-1, -2, -7, -9, and -10), and angiogenic growth factors (angiogenin, keratinocyte growth factor, fibroblast growth factor B, vascular endothelial growth factor A, and angiopoietin-1 and -2). We conclude that spiral artery remodeling involves the coordinated activity of a range of cell types, including extravillous trophoblast cells, decidual uterine NK cells, and macrophages in a carefully, spatiotemporally regulated manner.
Expression of Concern: The efficacy of a novel insecticidal protein, <i>Allium sativum</i> leaf lectin (ASAL), against homopteran insects monitored in transgenic tobacco (2005)

The homopteran group of polyphagous sucking insect pests causes severe damage to many economically important plants including tobacco. Allium sativum leaf lectin (ASAL), a mannose-binding 25-kDa homodimeric protein, has recently been found to be antagonistic to various sucking insects in the homopteran group through artificial diet bioassay experiments. The present study describes, for the first time, the expression of the ASAL coding sequence under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter in tobacco by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation technology. Molecular analyses demonstrated the integration of the chimeric ASAL gene in tobacco and its inheritance in the progeny plants. Western blot analysis followed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) determined the level of ASAL expression in different lines to be in the range of approximately 0.68%-2% of total soluble plant protein. An in planta bioassay conducted with Myzus persicae, peach potato aphid (a devastating pest of tobacco and many other important plants), revealed that the percentage of insect survival decreased significantly to 16%-20% in T0 plants and T1 progeny, whilst approximately 75% of insects survived on untransformed tobacco plants after 144 h of incubation. Ligand analyses of insect brush border membrane vesicle receptors and expressed ASAL in transgenic tobacco showed that the expressed ASAL binds to the aphid gut receptor in the same manner as native ASAL, pointing to the fact that ASAL maintains the biochemical characteristics even in the transgenic situation. These findings in a model plant open up the possibility of expressing the novel ASAL gene in a wide range of crop plants susceptible to various sap-sucking insects.