gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Oracle Parallel Processing (2000)

These days, databases often grow to enormous sizes, straining the ability of single-processor or single computer systems to handle the load. More and more organizations are turning to parallel processing to give them the performance they need. Oracle Parallel Processing is the first book to describe the full range of parallel processing capabilities in the Oracle environment. It demystifies the features and benefits of Oracle parallel processing, the various parallel architectures, parallel execution features, and the Oracle parallel server option.
Polyimide-Silica Hybrid Materials Modified by Incorporation of an Organically Substituted Alkoxysilane (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyimide-Silica Hybrid Materials Modified by Incorporation of an Organically Substituted AlkoxysilaneShuhong Wang, Z. Ahmad, and J. E. MarkCite this: Chem. Mater. 1994, 6, 7, 943–946Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00043a013https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00043a013research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views606Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The PET1-CMS Mitochondrial Mutation in Sunflower Is Associated with Premature Programmed Cell Death and Cytochrome <i>c</i> Release (2001)

In mammals, mitochondria have been shown to play a key intermediary role in apoptosis, a morphologically distinct form of programmed cell death (PCD), for example, through the release of cytochrome c, which activates a proteolytic enzyme cascade, resulting in specific nuclear DNA degradation and cell death. In plants, PCD is a feature of normal development, including the penultimate stage of anther development, leading to dehiscence and pollen release. However, there is little evidence that plant mitochondria are involved in PCD. In a wide range of plant species, anther and/or pollen development is disrupted in a class of mutants termed CMS (for cytoplasmic male sterility), which is associated with mutations in the mitochondrial genome. On the basis of the manifestation of a number of morphological and biochemical markers of apoptosis, we have shown that the PET1-CMS cytoplasm in sunflower causes premature PCD of the tapetal cells, which then extends to other anther tissues. These features included cell condensation, oligonucleosomal cleavage of nuclear DNA, separation of chromatin into delineated masses, and initial persistence of mitochondria. In addition, immunocytochemical analysis revealed that cytochrome c was released partially from the mitochondria into the cytosol of tapetal cells before the gross morphological changes associated with PCD. The decrease in cytochrome c content in mitochondria isolated from male sterile florets preceded a decrease in the integrity of the outer mitochondrial membrane and respiratory control ratio. Our data suggest that plant mitochondria, like mammalian mitochondria, play a key role in the induction of PCD. The tissue-specific nature of the CMS phenotype is discussed with regard to cellular respiratory demand and PCD during normal anther development.
Direct identification of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> in blood cultures by detection of the gene encoding the thermostable nuclease or the gene product (1995)

This study compares methods for direct identification of S. aureus in blood cultures by detection of the thermonuclease (TNase) of this bacterium or the nuc gene encoding it. The protein was detected by an enzyme diffusion test in o-toluidine blue DNA agar with a test time of at least 4 h, by a monoclonal antibody (MAb)-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (sELISA) with a test time of approximately 4 h, and by a MAb-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunofiltration assay (sELIFA) with a test time of 25-30 min (sample preparation included). The nuc gene was amplified by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with a test time (amplification plus detection) of approximately 3.5 h. The tests were optimized for direct examination of blood-containing cultures. All tests were positive with 67/67 blood cultures which grew S. aureus, negative with 35/35 cultures which grew coagulase-negative staphylococci, and negative with 37/37 cultures with various other bacteria. These results showed positive agreement with those of the commercial AccuProbe test but not with the StaphAurex agglutination kit. With an artificially seeded blood culture, minimum total times required (incubation plus testing) were as follows: nuc-PCR, 9.5 h; sELIFA, 12.5 h; enzymatic test, 16-36 h; AccuProbe, 14 h. Direct examination of both the nuc gene and the mecA gene encoding methicillin resistance demonstrated the mecA gene in all the coagulase-negative staphylococci (48.6%) which showed oxacillin resistance. The sELIFA had the particular advantage of its short test time, the PCR its high sensitivity and the possibility of simultaneous detection of the species-specific nuc gene and genes encoding other clinically important characters of the bacteria. These tests offer the prospect of direct application to a variety of clinical specimens for rapid diagnosis of S. aureus infection.
High performance silicon-on-insulator based ion-sensitive field-effect transistor using high-k stacked oxide sensing membrane (2011)

High performance ion-sensitive field-effect transistors (ISFETs) were realized using silicon-on insulator substrate (SOI) and engineered sensing membrane. The engineered sensing membrane for the gate oxide was proposed to improve the chemical stability and obtain the enhanced output signal by stacking SiO2/HfO2/Al2O3 (OHA) layers. The SOI-metal–oxide–semiconductor field effect transistor (MOSFET) with the OHA gate oxide showed a high on/off current ratio of 1.8 × 1010 and a low subthreshold swing of 65 mV/dec. The SOI based ISFET with the OHA membrane exhibited a low drift rate of 0.23 mV/h, a low hysteresis width of 1.85 mV, and a high pH sensitivity level of 57.1 mV/pH.
Compact strain-sensitive flexible photonic crystals for sensors (2005)

A promising fabrication route to produce absorbing flexible photonic crystals is presented, which exploits self-assembly during the shear processing of multi-shelled polymer spheres. When absorbing material is incorporated in the interstitial space surrounding high-refractive-index spheres, a dramatic enhancement in the transmission edge on the short-wavelength side of the band gap is observed. This effect originates from the shifting optical field spatial distribution as the incident wavelength is tuned around the band gap, and results in a contrast up to 100 times better than similar but nonabsorbing photonic crystals. An order-of-magnitude improvement in strain sensitivity is shown, suggesting the use of these thin films in photonic sensors.
The Russian Literary Climate: Summer 1994 (1995)

In the summer of 1994, when Elisabeth Rich conducted these absorbing interviews with eleven writers, the Russian literary world was anxious and turbulent. The Soviet regime had long since collapsed, but a stable replacement for it seemed far from view. Russian society was insecure, impoverished and undisciplined; corruption was rampant. The writing community, which had once seemed fairly unified, was now fragmented and unsure of its bearings. Literature often thrives, however, in an atmosphere of crisis. Readers of these interviews will find elements of misery and frustration but will also find accounts of health, vigor, and hope. The writing community in 1994, although disturbed and bemused, was not despondent. It is evident that in places the interviewees are not in harmony and contradict one another. Still, nearly all of those who speak here, while uncertain of literature's immediate prospects, seem confident that its future is promising. Professor Rich interviewed a variety of persons-novelists, authors of short fiction, playwrights, poets, editors of the thick journals that are Russia's time-honored literary media. Some of them-such as Andrei Bitov, Valentin Rasputin, Viktor Erofeyev, Tatyana Tolstaya, and Vladimir Makanin-have been notably successful and prominent both at home and abroad. Others, such as Sergei Zalygin, Vyacheslav Pyetsukh, Aleksandr Prokhanov, and Anatolii Kim, although prominent in Russia, are less well known outside its borders. Two-Mariya Arbatova and Larisa Vasilyeva-are scarcely known abroad but are established writers with good, if modest, reputations in Russia. Their political and ideological views vary. Two of them-Rasputin and Prokhanov-are nationalist and conservative, and the latter is an outright reactionary by any measure. The others seem to be fundamentally apolitical, but generally liberal, cosmopolitan and democratic in their sentiments. Although they are not nationalists, they are proudly Russian in orientation, including Kim, despite his Korean background. Professor Rich consistently asked important questions and managed to get significant answers to nearly all of them. She allowed her subjects freedom to digress and to expand on topics of their own choosing. As a result, the interviews offer abundant information
Hierarchical Nanocomposites Derived from Nanocarbons and Layered Double Hydroxides ‐ Properties, Synthesis, and Applications (2012)

Abstract The combination of one‐dimensional and two‐dimensional building blocks leads to the formation of hierarchical composites that can take full advantages of each kind of material, which is an effective way for the preparation of multifunctional materials with extraordinary properties. Among various building blocks, nanocarbons (e.g., carbon nanotubes and graphene) and layered double hydroxides (LDHs) are two of the most powerful materials that have been widely used in human life. This Feature Article presents a state‐of‐the‐art review of hierarchical nanocomposites derived from nanocarbons and LDHs. The properties of nanocarbons, LDHs, as well as the combined nanocomposites, are described first. Then, efficient and effective fabrication methods for the hierarchical nanocomposites, including the reassembly of nanocarbons and LDHs, formation of LDHs on nanocarbons, and formation of nanocarbons on LDHs, are presented. The as‐obtained nanocomposites derived form nanocarbons and LDHs exhibited excellent performance as multifunctional materials for their promising applications in energy storage, nanocomposites, catalysis, environmental protection, and drug delivery. The fabrication of LDH/carbon nanocomposites provides a novel method for the development of novel multifunctional nanocomposites based on the existing nanomaterials. However, knowledge of their assembly mechanism, robust and precise route for LDH/nanocarbon hybrid with well designed structure, and the relationship between structure, properties, and applications are still inadequate. A multidisciplinary approach from the scope of materials, physics, chemistry, engineering, and other application areas, is highly required for the development of this advanced functional composite materials.
Structure-activity correlations for a series of antiallergy agents. Oxanilic, quinaldic, and benzopyran-2-carboxylic acids (1978)

Ab initio Hartree-Fock SCF calculations with the molecular fragment technique have been performed on several drugs which exhibit activity in the rat passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) assay. Representative molecules of the following types were included in the series: oxanilic acids, 1,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinaldic acids, and 4-oxo-4H-1-benzopyran-2-carboxylic acids. A quantitative relationship has been established between the observed biological activity and an electronic index obtained from the calculations. The correlation is rationalized in terms of charge-transfer stabilization of the drug-receptor complex.
Impact on peritoneal membrane of use of icodextrin-based dialysis solution in peritoneal dialysis patients. (2006)

The usefulness of icodextrin-containing peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution for the management of body fluid and blood pressure has been reported. However, icodextrin PD solution is a foreign solution in the body, and the possible induction of intraperitoneal inflammation has been reported. In this study, we investigated at 6-month intervals the influence of icodextrin solution on peritoneal permeability and inflammatory reactions in patients in whom glucose solution had been changed to icodextrin solution for the overnight dwell. We enrolled 9 anuric PD patients (5 men, 4 women) of mean age 58 +/- 5.9 years (range: 45.6-64.8 years) into the study. The patients' mean duration of PD was 61.9 +/- 42 months (range: 6.7-142.5 months). The cause of end-stage renal disease was chronic glomerulonephritis in all patients. For evaluation ofperitoneal permeability, we performed peritoneal equilibration tests (PETs) immediately after an overnight dwell and determined the dialysate-to-plasma ratios of creatinine (D/P Cr), beta2-microglobulin (D/P beta2m), albumin (D/P Alb), immunoglobulin G (D/P IgG), and alpha2-macroglobulin (D/P alpha2m). We also measured interleukin-6 (IL-6) and fibrinogen degradation products (FDPs) in overnight effluent as indices of inflammation and of the fibrinolysis-coagulation system. The evaluation was performed every 6 months for 24 months. The FDPs in effluent increased significantly at 6 months after the change to icodextrin solution, and IL-6 tended to increase. The D/P beta2m, D/P Alb, D/P IgG, and D/P alpha2m all significantly increased in the course of follow-up. In the PETs, the D/P Cr increased slightly, but the change was nonsignificant. At 30 months after the change to icodextrin solution, 1 patient was diagnosed as having a risk of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (pre-EPS). In this patient, rapid increases in IL-6, D/P Cr and macromolecular and small molecular D/P by PET were noted after the change to icodextrin solution. Steroids were administered after the diagnosis of pre-EPS, with the result that the IL-6 level rapidly decreased and the D/P Cr and D/P of small molecules and macromolecules slightly decreased. Icodextrin dialysis solution increased peritoneal permeability. Although the cause was unclear, icodextrin may have changed peritoneal reactivity. Long-term use of icodextrin PD solution requires further investigation.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor-Mediated Protection of Striatal Neurons in an Excitotoxic Rat Model of Huntington's Disease, as Demonstrated by Adenoviral Gene Transfer (1999)

Huntington's disease (HD) is a genetic disorder leading to the degeneration of striatal GABA-ergic output neurons. No treatment is currently available for this devastating disorder, although several neurotrophic factors, including brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), have been shown to be beneficial for striatal neuron survival. We analyzed the effect of adenovirus-mediated transfer of the BDNF gene in a model of HD. Using a stereological procedure, three groups of rats were given an intrastriatal injection of adenovirus encoding BDNF, beta-galactosidase, or sham surgery. Two weeks after treatment, the animals were lesioned with quinolinic acid (QUIN), a toxin that induces striatal neuron death by an excitotoxic process. One month after the lesion, histological study revealed that striatal neurons were protected only in rats treated with the BDNF adenovirus. Volume measurements showed that the QUIN-induced lesions were 55% smaller in the BDNF adenovirus-treated group than in the beta-galactosidase adenovirus-treated group (p < 0.05), and the sham-treated group (p < 0.05). To determine the survival of striatal GABA-ergic output neurons after the QUIN-induced lesion, we immunostained brain sections with DARPP-32, an antibody specific for striatal output neurons. Prior treatment with the BDNF adenovirus resulted in a cell survival of 64%, whereas that after beta-galactosidase treatment was 46% (p < 0.05), showing that the BDNF adenovirus protected the striatal neurons. These results indicate that transfer of the BDNF gene is of therapeutic value for Huntington's disease.
Molecular surface representations by sparse critical points (1994)

We have defined a molecular surface representation that describes precisely and concisely the complete molecular surface. The representation consists of a limited number of critical points disposed at key locations over the surface. These points adequately represent the shape and the important characteristics of the surface, despite the fact that they are modest in number. We expect the representation to be useful in areas such as molecular recognition and visualization. In particular, using this representation, we are able to achieve accurate and efficient protein-protein and protein-small molecule docking.
Functionalization of Carbohydrates in Water (2010)

Abstract Carbohydrate chemistry and chemistry in water go well with each other for three main reasons. First, the synthesis of carbohydrate derivatives of biological relevance has profited from the advances in the use of aqueous media as solvents, leading to new compounds with improved reactivity and selectivity. Second, carbohydrates, being water soluble, have been used as water solubility inducers for water‐promoted reactions. Third, part of the chemistry devoted to the use of carbohydrates as raw materials, as an alternative to fossil resources, is performed in water. Indeed, it is now strategic to combine different key principles of green chemistry, namely the use of clean solvents and the use of renewable starting materials in synthetic chemistry. Moreover, it can be connected with the design of new derivatives with improved environmental properties. The chapter focuses on the chemistry of small carbohydrates (not polysaccharides), reviewing CC bond formation reactions involved in multi‐step syntheses of complex structures or in direct processes towards functional derivatives, CN and CO bond formation reactions. The latter aspect, which deals with the reactivity of sugars as polyols, is an extremely large topic, and for reasons of conciseness the main issues of this chemistry will be illustrated by focusing on the example of sucrose, the most available small carbohydrate. Also, some approaches in which a carbohydrate serves as a polar appendage which provides the water solubility necessary to take advantage of hydrophobic effects are described, in addition to the use of aqueous solutions of sugars as media in which hydrophobic effects are intensified.
Optimization of custom cementless stem using finite element analysis and elastic modulus distribution for reducing stress-shielding effect (2017)

This work proposes a methodology involving stiffness optimization for subject-specific cementless hip implant design based on finite element analysis for reducing stress-shielding effect. To assess the change in the stress-strain state of the femur and the resulting stress-shielding effect due to insertion of the implant, a finite element analysis of the resected femur with implant assembly is carried out for a clinically relevant loading condition. Selecting the von Mises stress as the criterion for discriminating regions for elastic modulus difference, a stiffness minimization method was employed by varying the elastic modulus distribution in custom implant stem. The stiffness minimization problem is formulated as material distribution problem without explicitly penalizing partial volume elements. This formulation enables designs that could be fabricated using additive manufacturing to make porous implant with varying levels of porosity. Stress-shielding effect, measured as difference between the von Mises stress in the intact and implanted femur, decreased as the elastic modulus distribution is optimized.
Quantitative precision of an automated, fluorescence-based image cytometer. (1992)

Digital image-based cytometry of clinical specimens labeled with fluorescent, disease-specific markers holds promise for becoming an important diagnostic and prognostic technique because the technique can make a diverse range of quantitative biochemical, morphologic, densitometric and contextual measurements on intact specimens. It has been previously shown by us, using an image cytometer (IC) consisting entirely of commercially available components, that the nuclei of individual cells in slide-supported specimens can be detected automatically using a fluorescent DNA stain and image analysis software. The purpose of this study was to determine the precision of the IC for quantifying the integrated fluorescence intensity and area of fluorescent standard beads and nuclei. Integrated intensities could be quantified to between 2.3% and 3.5% precision using a 40x objective lens and between 1.6% and 2.3% using a 20x objective. The main contribution to this uncertainty was 2% inaccuracy in determining the variations in sensitivity over the imaging area. Areas could be quantified to between 0.91% and 2.1% using a 40x objective and between 2.8% and 3.2% using a 20x objective. Significant quantification errors were introduced if the objects were not in focus or were touching each other. Overall, however, these results demonstrated that image cytometry of fluorescence-stained specimens can yield quantitative results with sufficient precision for determining DNA ploidy distributions and for making other measurements on clinical specimens.
G1T48, an oral selective estrogen receptor degrader, and the CDK4/6 inhibitor lerociclib inhibit tumor growth in animal models of endocrine-resistant breast cancer (2020)

These data show that G1T48 has the potential to be an efficacious oral antineoplastic agent in ER-positive breast cancer.
Modeling Elastically Deforming Leaks in Water Distribution Pipes (2013)

In this study, the relationship between the conventional power equation and the fixed and variable area discharges (FAVAD) equation for modeling leakage as a function of pressure was investigated. It is shown that different leakage exponent (or N1) values are obtained for the same leak when measured at different pressures. An analytical exploration of the two equations shows that the leakage exponent tends to 0.5 when the system pressure tends to zero, and to 1.5 when the system pressure tends to infinity. A dimensionless leakage numberLN is defined as the ratio between the variable and fixed portions of a leak, and it is shown that a single function can be used to describe the relationship between the leakage number and leakage exponent. This model was combined with previous research to accurately predict the leakage exponents of several published studies in cases where elastic deformation occurred.