gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Performance of Anion Exchange Blend Membranes Based on Novel Phosphonium Cation Polymers for All-Vanadium Redox Flow Battery Applications (2021)

The deployment of alkaline anion exchange membranes (AEMs) in flow battery applications has the advantage of a low cationic species crossover rate. However, the alkaline stability conjugated to the low conductivity of hydroxide ions of anion exchange membranes (AEMs) still represents a major drawback for the large deployment of such technology. In this study, three types of tetraarylpolyphosphonium (pTAP)-based copolymers (namely, CP1, CP2, and CP3) are synthesized and blended with chitosan and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for the fabrication of AEMs. Chitosan, a green biopolymer, was employed as a blend to enhance the water uptake of the base ionomer matrix. It is proposed that the abundancy of hydroxyl groups in chitosan improves considerably the ionic conductivity, water transport, and ion selectivity of the membrane, together with facilitating the dispersion of the chitosan in the pTAP copolymer matrix. The purpose of blending PVDF is instead to provide stable mechanical strength to the composite blend. The chemical, mechanical, and thermal stabilities of the three fabricated composite-blend membranes (i.e., CM1, CM2, and CM3) were characterized. All the membranes exhibited a high water retaining capacity of up to 36.26% (recorded for CM2) along with a hydroxyl ion conductivity of 17.39 mS cm<sup>-1</sup>. Due to the strong interactions between pTAP copolymers, chitosan, and PVDF polymers (confirmed also by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy), the studied anion exchange membranes are able to retain up to 97% of the original OH conductivity after 1 M KOH treatment at room temperature for 100 h. The three membranes, namely, CM1, CM2, and CM3, have vanadium ion permeabilities measured at 20 °C of 1.775 × 10<sup>-8</sup>, 1.718 × 10<sup>-8</sup>, and 1.648 × 10<sup>-8</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/s, respectively, which are lower than that for the commercially available Nafion. The good stability and remarkable cell performance of the composite-blend membranes reported here make them definitely excellent candidates for the future generation of vanadium redox flow batteries.
Gallium Analogue of Soluble Prussian Blue KGa[Fe(CN)<sub>6</sub>]·<i>n</i>H<sub>2</sub>O: Synthesis, Characterization, and Potential Biomedical Applications (2013)

The gallium analogue of the soluble Prussian blue with the formula KGa[Fe(CN)6]·nH2O is synthesized and structurally characterized. A simple aqueous synthetic procedure for preparing nanoparticles of this novel coordination polymer is reported. The stability, in vitro ion exchange with ferrous ions, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake of such nanoparticles coated with poly(vinylpyrrolidone) are investigated for potential applications of delivering Ga(3+) ions into cells or removing iron from cells.
Nocturnal exercise phase delays circadian rhythms of melatonin and thyrotropin secretion in normal men (1994)

To determine whether a single episode of physical activity is capable of inducing rapid phase shifts in human circadian rhythms, 17 subjects were studied two times under constant routine conditions, once in the absence of stimulus and once with a 3-h nighttime pulse of exercise interrupting the constant routine conditions. The profiles of plasma cortisol, thyrotropin (TSH), and melatonin and of body temperature were monitored continuously to derive estimations of circadian phase position. The phase shifts were measured on the 1st day after exercise exposure. The timing of the exercise period ranged from -5 h to +4 h around the time of the minimum body temperature rhythm. Nighttime exercise was associated with 1- to 2-h phase delays of both the melatonin and TSH rhythms, with the size of the delays tending to be smaller when the exercise was presented in the latter part of the nighttime period and in the early morning. These data demonstrate that nonphotic stimuli may exert phase-shifting effects on the human circadian pacemaker.
Applications of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (2003)

We report on long-distance particle-guidance and low-threshold SRS using hollow-core photonic-crystal-fiber. A laser of 80 mW was sufficient to levitate dry particles and guide them through a 150 mm long fiber, and a 800 nJ nanosecond pump-laser generated SRS in the hydrogen-filled fiber
A new approach in measuring Cu-EMC adhesion strength by AFM (2004)

Copper-Epoxy Molding Compound (Cu-EMC) interface is known to be one of the weakest interfaces in an electronic package exhibiting delamination during reliability test. Thiol compound which bonds readily and forms self-assembly monolayer (SAM) with copper is proposed to improve interfacial adhesion between copper and EMC. Conventional adhesion evaluation involves force measurement in macro-scale. However, inconclusive or even contradictive results are common in those tests because of uncontrollable surface condition such as contamination and, in particular, roughness. To eliminate roughness effect and reflect the true chemical bonding condition, Si wafer was used as substrate in the experiments. This study involves the use of atomic force microscope (AFM) in characterizing the nano-scale adhesion force in Cu-SAM-EMC system. Findings were used as the criteria in selecting SAM candidate. Thiol compound having carbonyl group is shown to be the best adhesion promoter from the measurement. The nano-scale AFM results are shown to be consistent with the result of macro scale shear tests. It has been demonstrated, with SAM treatment on a cleaned Cu surface, the fracture force between Cu-EMC samples is improved from 119N to 195N.
Application of nonlinearities of metals in ultrashort pulse measurements (1996)

Summary form only given. Recently, a new type of very fast femtosecond incoherent frequency-degenerate optical nonlinearity has been reported in bulk metallic gold. This encouraged us to examine the potential application of metals as nonlinear media in optical autocorrelators. Below we describe the use of metal nonlinearity in an autocorrelator, which offers the potential for femtosecond pulse-length measurements over a very wide wavelength range in the visible and infrared. For the recovery of the intensity autocorrelation function we used polarization-sensitive interactions of two pulses reflected from a metallic mirror.
Therapeutic Targets for Management of Periodontitis and Diabetes (2016)

The increasing incidence of diabetes mellitus (DM) and chronic periodontitis (CP) worldwide imposes a rethinking of individualized therapy for patients with both conditions. Central to bidirectional links between DM and CP is deregulated systemic inflammation and dysfunctional immune responses to altered-self and non-self. Control of blood glucose levels and metabolic imbalances associated with hyperglycemia in DM, and disruption of pathogenic subgingival biofilms in CP are currently the main therapeutic approaches for these conditions. Mounting evidence suggests the need to integrate immune modulatory therapeutics in treatment regimens that address the unresolved inflammation associated with DM and CP. The current review discusses the pathogenesis of DM and CP with emphasis on deregulated inflammation, current therapeutic approaches and the novel pro-resolution lipid mediators derived from Ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Direct Vertebral Rotation: A New Technique of Three-Dimensional Deformity Correction With Segmental Pedicle Screw Fixation in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis (2004)

Segmental pedicle screw fixation with "direct vertebral rotation" showed better rotational and coronal correction than "simple rod derotation."
A review on the synthesis of TiO2 nanoparticles by solution route (2012)

Abstract TiO2 can be prepared in the form of powder, crystals, or thin films. Liquid-phase processing is one of the most convenient and utilized methods of synthesis. It has the advantage of allowing control over the stoichiometry, production of homogeneous materials, formation of complex shapes, and preparation of composite materials. However, there may be some disadvantages such as expensive precursors, long processing times, and the presence of carbon as an impurity. In comparison, the physical production techniques, although environment friendly, are limited by the size of the produced samples which is not sufficient for a large-scale production. The most commonly used solution routes in the synthesis of TiO2 are reviewed.
MR imaging of biodegradable polymeric microparticles: A potential method of monitoring local drug delivery (2005)

Gadolinium diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid (Gd-DTPA) was encapsulated into biodegradable, bioadhesive polymeric microparticles to enable noninvasive monitoring of their local intravesical delivery with MRI. The microparticles were characterized by contrast agent encapsulation and release kinetics, T(1) relaxation rates, and contrast enhancement in vivo. The level of Gd-DTPA loading into microparticles was 14.3 +/- 0.6 mug/mg polymer. The measured T(1) relaxation rates of the microparticles showed a direct dependence on Gd-DPTA content. Both 1.5T and 4.7T MR scanners were used to image murine bladders instilled intravesically with Gd-DTPA-loaded particles in vivo. MR images showed ring-shaped regions of enhancement inscribing the bladder wall, which were attributed to the microparticles that were preferentially adherent to the mucosa lining the urothelium. The images of controls exhibited no such enhancement. The normalized signal intensities measured from post-instillation images were significantly greater (P < 0.05) than those in the pre-instillation images. Contrast enhancement was observed for at least 5 days after the initial instillation, although the enhancement decreased due to microparticle degradation or mucosa renewal. The localized distribution of biodegradable, bioadhesive microparticles encapsulating Gd-DTPA was successfully visualized with MRI in vivo, allowing particle-mediated delivery to be temporally and spatially monitored noninvasively.
Center-Pivot Sprinkler Systems (1973)

The number of center-pivot sprinkler systems is\nincreasing in Idaho. These systems give large area\ncoverage with low irrigation labor requirements. Center-pivots\nhave high irrigation efficiency where adapted\nto crops, soil, and climatic conditions, and when used\nwith proper irrigation management practices. In recent\nyears these syitems have become more reliable in their\noperation.
Acidic fermentation in the caecum increases absorption of calcium and magnesium in the large intestine of the rat (1996)

The effect of fermentation on colonic absorption of Ca and Mg was investigated in 8-week-old rats adapted to diets containing either digestible wheat starch (DS diets) or including resistant starch, i.e. 350 g raw potato starch/kg (RS diets). The dietary Ca level of the DS and RS diets was 2.5 or 7.5 g/kg. RS diets resulted in enlargements of the caecum together with hypertrophy of the caecal wall. Acidification of the caecal contents by microbial fermentation of RS was influenced by the dietary Ca level. Very acidic pH conditions and relatively low concentrations of short-chain fatty acids, in the presence of lactic acid fermentation, were observed with the 2.5 g Ca/kg level. Rats fed on RS diets had a higher percentage of soluble Ca (and inorganic phosphate) in the caecum, particularly of rats adapted to the high Ca level. As a result of the hypertrophy of the caecal wall and of an elevated concentration of soluble Ca, the caecal absorption of Ca was 5-6-fold higher in the RS groups than in the DS groups. The difference between dietary intake and faecal excretion (DI-FE) of Ca was higher in rats fed on RS diets than in those fed on DS diets, when the dietary Ca level was 2.5 g/kg. With the higher Ca intake the elevated rate of Ca absorption from the caecum in RS-fed rats was not paralleled by an enhanced DI-EE difference: this suggests a shift of the Ca absorption towards the large intestine. Feeding RS diets also enhanced Mg caecal absorption, resulting in a substantially higher DI-FE difference for Mg, especially with the 2.5 g Ca/kg diets, because a high Ca intake tends to inhibit Mg absorption. The present findings support the view that the large intestine may represent a major site of Ca (and Mg) absorption when acidic fermentations take place. This process could improve the digestive Ca balance when the dietary Ca supply is low; when the Ca supply is affluent, it rather shifts Ca absorption towards a more distal site of the digestive tract.
The frontotemporal lobar degeneration risk factor, TMEM106B, regulates lysosomal morphology and function (2012)

Haploinsufficiency of Progranulin (PGRN), a gene encoding a secreted glycoprotein, is a major cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration with ubiquitin (FTLD-U) positive inclusions. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the TMEM106B gene were recently discovered as a risk factor for FTLD-U, especially in patients with PGRN mutations. TMEM106B is also associated with cognitive impairment in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis patients. Despite these studies, little is known about TMEM106B at molecular and cellular levels and how TMEM106B contributes to FTLD. Here, we show that TMEM106B is localized in the late endosome/lysosome compartments and TMEM106B levels are regulated by lysosomal activities. Ectopic expression of TMEM106B induces morphologic changes of lysosome compartments and delays the degradation of endocytic cargoes by the endolysosomal pathway. Furthermore, overexpression of TMEM106B correlates with elevated levels of PGRN, possibly by attenuating lysosomal degradation of PGRN. These results shed light on the cellular functions of TMEM106B and the roles of TMEM106B in the pathogenesis of FTLD-U with PGRN mutations.
Multisensory speech enhancement in noisy environments using bone-conducted and air-conducted microphones (2014)

In this paper, we propose a speech enhancement algorithm for estimating the clean speech using samples of air-conducted and bone-conducted speech signals. We introduce a model in a supervised learning framework by approximating a mapping from concatenation of noisy air-conducted and bone-conducted speech to clean speech in the short time Fourier transform domain. Two function extension schemes are utilized: geometric harmonics and Laplacian pyramid. Performances obtained from the two schemes are evaluated and compared in terms of spectrograms and log spectral distance measures.
Arrest of Motor Neuron Disease in <i>wobbler</i> Mice Cotreated with CNTF and BDNF (1994)

Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) each promote the survival and differentiation of developing motor neurons, but do so through distinct cellular signaling pathways. Administration of either factor alone has been shown to slow, but not to arrest, progression of motor neuron dysfunction in wobbler mice, an animal model of motor neuron disease. Because CNTF and BDNF are known to synergize in vitro and in ovo, the efficacy of CNTF and BDNF cotreatment was tested in the same animal mode. Subcutaneous injection of the two factors on alternate days was found to arrest disease progression in wobbler mice for 1 month, as measured by several behavioral, physiological, and histological criteria.
High Frequency, High Efficiency, and High Power Density GaN-Based LLC Resonant Converter: State-of-the-Art and Perspectives (2021)

Soft switching for both primary and secondary side devices is available by using LLC converters. This resonant converter is an ideal candidate for today’s high frequency, high efficiency, and high power density applications like adapters, Uninterrupted Power Supplies (UPS), Solid State Transformers (SST), electric vehicle battery chargers, renewable energy systems, servers, and telecom systems. Using Gallium-Nitride (GaN)-based power switches in this converter merits more and more switching frequency, power density, and efficiency. Therefore, the present paper focused on GaN-based LLC resonant converters. The converter structure, operation regions, design steps, and drive system are described precisely. Then its losses are discussed, and the magnets and inductance characteristics are investigated. After that, various interleaved topologies, as a solution to improve power density and decrease current ripples, have been discussed. Also, some challenges and concerns related to GaN-based LLC converters have been reviewed. Commercially available power transistors based on various technologies, i.e., GaN HEMT, Silicon (Si) MOSFET, and Silicon Carbide (SiC) have been compared. Finally, the LLC resonant converter has been simulated by taking advantage of LTspice and GaN HEMT merits, as compared with Si MOSFETs.
Control and data flow aspects in the design of a wireless data radio modem: a case study (2002)

We present the design of a radio modem for the MOBITEX wireless data system. The MOBITEX interface specification defines the protocols that are used for communication between the MOBITEX network and mobile terminal devices. The specification refers to the ISO/OSI standards and defines the link layer and the physical layer of the air-link radio protocol for mobile terminals, as well as the network layer protocol that describes how packets are transmitted between the sender and the addressee. Because the design of a MOBITEX radio modem should serve as an application case study for identifying the needs in a joint air-link and network protocol design, we use different existing design methods and software tools for the specification of the lower three layers. For analyses and design we use Rumbaugh's object modeling technique (OMT). For implementation and validation we apply the standardized specification and description language SDL and data-flow oriented system specifications.
Principles of Bone Cement Mixing (2001)

This is the first in a series of four consecutive articles on bone cement mixing. It aims to bring to the perioperative practitioners’ attention, all of the factors that will influence the quality and reproducibility of the bone cement they produce. The series will demonstrate how perioperative practitioners can have a direct influence on the successful long-term result of a hip or knee replacement.
Coupling of gas chromatography with jet-REMPI spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (1997)

A novel interface for hyphenation of gas chromatography (GC), resonance enhanced multi-photon ionization (Jet-REMPI) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry (MS) for organic trace analysis is presented. Technical details and results are given in this contribution.
Antibody response to 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine in pre-school age children (1986)

Antibody responses to 14-valent pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccine were measured by Farr-type radioimmunoassay in children younger than 7 years of age. On the basis of immunogenicity in young children individual pneumococcal polysaccharides could be identified as uniformly good, strongly age-dependent or uniformly poor immunogens. Pneumococcal types 6A and 23F, which frequently cause pneumococcal infections in small children, were the poorest immunogens in this age group. The children younger than 2 years of age responded very poorly also to types 19F and 18C whereas older children had good antibody responses to these types. The results support the current view that present pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccines are not beneficial in children younger than 2 years of age and stress the importance of attempts to improve their immunogenicity.
STRAP: editor for STRuctural Alignments of Proteins (2001)

STRAP is a comfortable and extensible tool for the generation and refinement of multiple alignments of protein sequences. Various sequence ordered input file formats are supported. These are the SwissProt-,GenBank-, EMBL-, DSSP- PDB-, MSF-, and plain ASCII text format. The special feature of STRAP is the simple visualization of spatial distances C(alpha)-atoms within the alignment. Thus structural information can easily be incorporated into the sequence alignment and can guide the alignment process in cases of low sequence similarities. Further STRAP is able to manage huge alignments comprising a lot of sequences. The protein viewers and modeling programs INSIGHT, RASMOL and WEBMOL are embedded into STRAP. STRAP is written in JAVA: The well-documented source code can be adapted easily to special requirements. STRAP may become the basis for complex alignment tools in the future.
Ballasted Sedimentation Boosts Floc Settling (2005)

This article discusses how Tampa Bay Regional Surface Water Treatment Plant effectively treats three surface water sources (river, storm water canal, and reservoir), each with distinctive water quality characteristics including high color and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), seasonally high alkalinity and hardness, occasional algae blooms, other seasonal fluctuations, and sudden spikes brought on by rain. The treatment plant meets the challenge by incorporating ballasted sedimentation in the coagulation flocculation‐sedimentation process. Operating since 2002, the treatment plant demonstrates the effectiveness of ballasted sedimentation for removing relatively high organic carbon content despite significant variations in raw water quality. The article explains why conventional processes wouldn't work, how the ballasted sedimentation process works, and the benefits gained by using this process.
Three-dimensional quantitative imaging of retinal and choroidal blood flow velocity using joint Spectral and Time domain Optical Coherence Tomography (2009)

Recently, joint Spectral and Time domain Optical Coherence Tomography (joint STdOCT) has been proposed to measure ocular blood flow velocity. Limitations of CCD technology allowed only for two-dimensional imaging at that time. In this paper we demonstrate fast three-dimensional STdOCT based on ultrahigh speed CMOS camera. Proposed method is straightforward, fully automatic and does not require any advanced image processing techniques. Three-dimensional distributions of axial velocity components of the blood in human eye vasculature are presented: in retinal and, for the first time, in choroidal layer. Different factors that affect quality of velocity images are discussed. Additionally, the quantitative measurement allows to observe a new interesting optical phenomenon - random Doppler shift in OCT signals that forms a vascular pattern at the depth of sclera.
Protective effects of doxepin cream on radiation dermatitis in breast cancer: A single arm double‐blind randomized clinical trial (2020)

Doxepin cream prevents dermatitis grade 2 or higher during post-operative breast irradiation. Doxepin cream is easy to use, affordable and prevents pain and irritation.
On the capacity of a twisted-wire pair: Gaussian model (1990)

The performance of a twisted-pair channel is assumed to be dominated by near-end crosstalk (NEXT) from other pairs in the same cable. Both intrabuilding local and central office loop channels can be modeled as NEXT-dominated channels. The capacity of this type of channel is found, using a Gaussian model. It is shown that the capacity is independent of the transmitted power spectral density. The results also indicate that present systems operate far below theoretical capacity. The capacity of a twisted-pair channel with both NEXT and white Gaussian noise present is also addressed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>