gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inside X.25 : a manager's guide (1990)

This book is a complete guide to X.25: what it is, how it works, what products are available, and how they function. X.25 is the Open Systems Interface (OSI) standard that allows data communications hardware from different manufacturers -- AT&T, IBM, DEC, etc. -- to interface together. In 1987, $1 billion was spent in the U.S. on packet switching equipment. In-depth case studies are given as well as chapters on integrating IBM and Apple PCs and ISDN. A volume in the McGraw-Hill Communications Series.
Mucosal Immunization with<i>Helicobacter</i>, CpG DNA, and Cholera Toxin Is Protective (2002)

The mucosal delivery of antigens requires an effective adjuvant to induce mucosal immunity. Current mucosal adjuvants include cholera toxin (CT) and Escherichia coli heat-labile toxin. Unmethylated CpG immunostimulatory oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) have been proposed as novel mucosal adjuvants. In this study, mice were immunized with sonicated Helicobacter felis with CT and/or CpG ODN adjuvants. All groups receiving either adjuvant singly or in combination developed increased serum anti-H. felis immunoglobulin G (IgG). The addition of either CpG or CT, or both, produced a specific fecal anti-H. felis IgA response, with the highest IgA levels occurring in animals immunized intranasally with sonicated H. felis with CT and CpG. Following H. felis challenge, addition of the adjuvant CpG ODN provided no significant protection, while groups given CT showed a high degree of protection, although not complete. When CpG ODN was combined with CT and the vaccine combination was delivered intranasally, no bacterial colonization was detected by quantitative PCR, providing "sterile immunity" and demonstrating synergy between CpG ODN and CT.
Newton-Type Minimization via the Lanczos Method (1984)

This paper discusses the use of the linear conjugate-gradient method (developed via the Lanczos method) in the solution of large-scale unconstrained minimization problems. At each iteration of a Newton-type method, the direction of search is defined as the solution of a quadratic subproblem. When the number of variables is very large, this subproblem may be solved using the linear conjugate-gradient method of Hestenes and Stiefel. We show how the equivalent Lanczos characterization of the linear conjugate-gradient method may be exploited to define a modified Newton method which can be applied to problems that do not necessarily have positive-definite Hessian matrices at all points of the region of interest. This derivation also makes it possible to compute a negative-curvature direction at a stationary point. The idea of a truncated Newton method is to perform only a limited number of iterations of the quadratic subproblem. This effectively gives a search direction that interpolates between the steepest-descent direction and the Newton direction. We describe a preconditioned linear conjugate-gradient method that defines a search direction which interpolates between the direction defined by a nonlinear conjugate-gradient-type algorithm and a modified Newton direction.
PR-200 ion implantation system (1978)

PR-200 is a 200-kV, general-purpose, high-throughput ion-implantation system which was installed on Western Electric’s production line at Reading, PA in mid-1975. The ’’front end’’ is a commercial Lintott mass separator to which has been added a high-current version of the Lintott–Harwell hot-cathode ion source. The front end produces 11B currents of 1 mA and 31P, 75As, and 121Sb currents of 3 mA. The ’’rear end’’ is an acceleration and rotating scan target stage based upon the PR-500 technology which was developed at this laboratory. Careful matching of the front-end slit-beam ion optics to the rear-end circular-beam optics produces high currents on target, up to 1 mA of 11B and 2.5 mA or 31P, 75As, and 121Sb. These currents, combined with fast turnaround time (5–7 min) and rotating mechanical scan, permit more than 100 3-in. wafers/h to be implated with wafer nonuniformities (1 σu) less than 0.5% and a total product nonuniformity (1 σT) less than 2.0%. The target stage floats at high voltage, and is pumped through insulating columns by a vacuum system at ground potential. Additional pumping speed is obtained by a titanium sublimation pump inside the target stage. The pumpdown sequence is automated and the implant sequence is under minicomputer control, permitting operation of the system by unskilled personnel. Communication between the high-voltage target stage and ground potential is accomplished with a four-light-beam telemetry system. Two light beams are dedicated to the rotating-scan implant and dose control, and two other light beams communicate a variety of analog, digital, and status information.
On the Contribution of PWM Methods to the Common Mode (Leakage) Current in Conventional Three-Phase Two-Level Inverters as Applied to AC Motor Drives (2008)

This paper experimentally investigates the common mode voltage (CMV) and common mode current (CMC, leakage current) characteristics of various PWM methods for the classical two-level three-phase voltage source inverter (VSI) as applied to induction motors. The classical SVPWM and DPWM methods which have high CMV/CMC, and the recently proposed reduced CMV (RCMV) PWM methods, such as NSPWM and AZSPWM1 are considered. The effect of including the low cost industry solution of the common mode inductor (CMI) for CMC reduction is investigated. Furthermore, the dependency of the CMC on the inverter topology is investigated by the experimental evaluation of a commercial three-level neutral-point-clamped (NPC) VSI. Based on the experimental results, it is shown that it is beneficial to employ high performance RCMV-PWM methods for the purpose of CMV/CMC reduction. It is shown that including a small CMI further enhances the CMC performance of a drive. Such a configuration provides comparable CMC performance to that of a three-level NPC-VSI and it is more favorable as it is more economical and efficient. The experiments involve a 4-kW, 4-pole induction motor driven by a two-level VSI and a three-level NPC-VSI with diode rectifier front-ends supplied from the three-phase 400 V, 50 Hz power line.
Reduction of Model Order Based on Proper Orthogonal Decomposition for Lithium-Ion Battery Simulations (2009)

A reduced-order model (ROM) is developed using proper orthogonal decomposition (POD) for a physics-based lithium-ion battery model. The methodology to obtain the proper orthogonal modes and to analyze their optimality is included. The POD-based ROM for a lithium-ion battery is used to simulate a charge/discharge process and the behavior of a battery pack. Compared to the physics-based model, the computational time to solve the ROM is significantly less, and the two models show excellent agreement.
Evaluation of Malone antegrade continence enema in patients with neurogenic bowel dysfunction (2015)

Objective
To analyze the pathophysiological characteristics of neurogenic bowel dysfunction (NBD) by electrophysiological study of pelvic floor musculature, anorectal manometry and colonic transit study and evaluate the clinical efficacy of Malone antegrade continence enema (MACE).


Methods
A total of 278 NBD patients received an electrophysiological study of pelvic floor musculature and anorectal manometry from May 2005 to August 2013. Meanwhile, 35 patients underwent colonic transit study and another 20 healthy children were selected as controls. Fifty-one patients underwent MACE. And the preoperative and postoperative anal functions were compared.


Results
The action potential amplitude of external anal sphincter and levator ani muscle in NBD group (704.0±9.3, 786.0±11.9 mv) increased significantly versus control group (356.0±7.3, 378.0±6.3 mv)and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05); The action potential time limit of external anal sphincter and levator ani muscle in NBD group (7.6±2.8, 8.9±3.9 ms) was significantly prolonged versus control group (4.8±1.3, 5.0±1.4 ms) and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05); Pudendal nerve motor conduction amplitude in NBD patients was significantly lower than that in control group [(0.5±0.3) vs (1.7±0.2) mv]. And latent period in NBD patients was significantly prolonged versus control group [(2.6±0.4) vs (1.8±0.3 ms)]. And the differences had statistical significance (P<0.05). The anal resting pressure and anal largest squeeze pressure (33.4±14.1, 78.0±46.8 mmHg) declined significantly and the first defecation sensory threshold (69.1±37.0 ml)increased significantly in NBD patients versus control group (65.3±5.6 mmHg, 161.7±28.0 mmHg, 42.5±15.2 ml)and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05). The total colonic transit time(72.6±6.6 h)became significantly prolonged in NBD patients, especially for left-half colon (20.9±4.2 h) and sigmoid colon (32.8±5.2 h) versus control group (40.4±7.4, 9.3±4.3, 19.6±6.7 h)and the difference had statistical significance(P<0.05). The clinical postoperative scores (15.7±1.4) obviously improved versus preoperation (5.4±2.8) and the difference had statistical significance (P<0.05).


Conclusions
NBD patients have defecation and continence dysfunction. And MACE may significantly improve their quality of life.


Key words: 
Neurogenic bowel; Electrophysiology; Enema
Matching hierarchical structures using association graphs (1999)

It is well-known that the problem of matching two relational structures can be posed as an equivalent problem of finding a maximal clique in a (derived) "association graph." However, it is not clear how to apply this approach to computer vision problems where the graphs are hierarchically organized, i.e., are trees, since maximal cliques are not constrained to preserve the partial order. We provide a solution to the problem of matching two trees by constructing the association graph using the graph-theoretic concept of connectivity. We prove that, in the new formulation, there is a one-to-one correspondence between maximal cliques and maximal subtree isomorphisms. This allows us to cast the tree matching problem as an indefinite quadratic program using the Motzkin-Straus theorem, and we use "replicator" dynamical systems developed in theoretical biology to solve it. Such continuous solutions to discrete problems are attractive because they can motivate analog and biological implementations. The framework is also extended to the matching of attributed trees by using weighted association graphs. We illustrate the power of the approach by matching articulated and deformed shapes described by shock trees.
Analysis of FKBP51/FKBP52 Chimeras and Mutants for Hsp90 Binding and Association with Progesterone Receptor Complexes (1998)

FKBP51, FKBP52, and Cyp40 bind competitively to Hsp90 through their respective tetratricopeptide repeat (TPR) domains, and any one of the three immunophilins can be isolated in mature steroid receptor complexes. During cell-free assembly reactions, FKBP51 associates preferentially with progesterone and glucocorticoid receptors, but less preference is observed in FKBP51 association with estrogen receptor. A number of mutant FKBP forms were generated to map sequences responsible for FKBP51's preferred association with progesterone receptor. A double-point mutation in the peptidyl prolyl isomerase domain of FKBP51 that reduces enzymatic activity by greater than 90% had no observed effect on FKBP51 interactions with progesterone receptor or Hsp90. Coprecipitation of FKBP51 and FKBP52 truncation mutants with Hsp90 indicated that sequences both upstream and downstream of the TPR domain are necessary for Hsp90 binding. FKBP chimeric constructs were also generated and tested for Hsp90 binding and receptor association. The TPR domain of FKBP51 required appropriate downstream sequences for Hsp90 binding, but FKBP52's TPR domain did not. The C-terminal region of FKBP51 that functionally interacts with the TPR domain to permit Hsp90 binding also conferred preferential association with PR. In conclusion, despite the overall similarity of FKBP51 and FKBP52, these two immunophilins associate differentially with steroid receptors, and the difference relates to both the Hsp90-binding TPR domain and to poorly conserved C-terminal sequences.
Investigating water and framework dynamics in pillared MOFs (2015)

In this work we highlight the use of molecular simulation to study the behaviour of water inside isostructural Zn-DMOF structures. Among the Zn-DMOF structures, the parent DMOF, and the DMOF-DM and DMOF-TF variants are known to be less stable than the DMOF-A and DMOF-TM structures in the presence of water. We apply tools such as radial distribution functions, rotational auto-correlation functions and the visualisation of adsorbate density distributions to investigate the differences in water behaviour within these structures. We also study properties that are inherent to the frameworks themselves such as thermal expansion and ligand flexibility. Our results indicate that water is only able to get 0.5 Å closer to the metal hydrolysis site in the water unstable structures than in the more water stable structures. The results can be somewhat sensitive to the details of the modelling of the electrostatic potential energy surface and, for dynamical properties, modelling of framework flexibility.
A study of neoplasms (1938)

During the past several years thirteen cows have died in the dairy herd at the Virginia Polytechnic Institute of malignant tumors of the lymphoid type. In view of research with respect to cancers of various types in man, any information relating to tumors acquired in this study should be of value not only to animal industry but also to similar conditions in in man A problem such as this requires long study, probably several years. This paper is a preliminary report on early fundamental steps of the cancer problem in dairy cattle as applied to local conditions. Because spontaneous cases of neoplasms in dairy cattle do not occur with any regularity, other phases of cancer research were instituted for investigation during the interval between cases. From the results of the previously described experiments, the following conclusions were drawn: 1. There was no evidence whatever of the neoplasms occurring in the rats about the dairy bards. 2. The attempts to produce neoplasms in dairy cattle due to foreign bodies implanted in the rumen were unsuccessful. 3. Attempts to transplant some of the tumors occurring naturally in the dairy cattle were unsuccessful. 4. Attempts to produce neoplasms in dairy cattle by weekly injections of four per cent solution or tar and lard were unsuccessful. 5. Attempts to produce tumors in fowl by weekly injections of four per cent solution or tar and lard were successful in five of the nine birds. Attempts to transplant two of these tumors were unsuccessful. 6. Occurrence of tumors in the members or the two families indicates possible genetic relationship.
TencentBoost: A Gradient Boosting Tree System with Parameter Server (2017)

Gradient boosting tree (GBT), a widely used machine learning algorithm, achieves state-of-the-art performance in academia, industry, and data analytics competitions. Although existing scalable systems which implement GBT, such as XGBoost and MLlib, perform well for datasets with medium-dimensional features, they can suffer performance degradation for many industrial applications where the trained datasets contain highdimensional features. The performance degradation derives from their inefficient mechanisms for model aggregation-either mapreduce or all-reduce. To address this high-dimensional problem, we propose a scalable execution plan using the parameter server architecture to facilitate the model aggregation. Further, we introduce a sparse-pull method and an efficient index structure to increase the processing speed. We implement a GBT system, namely TencentBoost, in the production cluster of Tencent Inc. The empirical results show that our system is 2-20× faster than existing platforms.
Vapor-assisted deposition of highly efficient, stable black-phase FAPbI <sub>3</sub> perovskite solar cells (2020)

Mixtures of cations or halides with FAPbI<sub>3</sub> (where FA is formamidinium) lead to high efficiency in perovskite solar cells (PSCs) but also to blue-shifted absorption and long-term stability issues caused by loss of volatile methylammonium (MA) and phase segregation. We report a deposition method using MA thiocyanate (MASCN) or FASCN vapor treatment to convert yellow δ-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> perovskite films to the desired pure α-phase. NMR quantifies MA incorporation into the framework. Molecular dynamics simulations show that SCN<sup>-</sup> anions promote the formation and stabilization of α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> below the thermodynamic phase-transition temperature. We used these low-defect-density α-FAPbI<sub>3</sub> films to make PSCs with >23% power-conversion efficiency and long-term operational and thermal stability, as well as a low (330 millivolts) open-circuit voltage loss and a low (0.75 volt) turn-on voltage of electroluminescence.
Magnetorheological Fluid Dampers for Seismic Control (1997)

Abstract Magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers have recently emerged as enabling technology for implementing semi-active control in a variety of applications. The successful use of a linear and rotary MR fluid damper in a variety of real-time control applications in the field has recently been demonstrated. Examples of several of these controllable MR fluid actuators, that are now either in commercial production or extended field test, are described herein. This technology is presently being extended to dampers for seismic control applications. Because of their mechanical simplicity, high dynamic range, low power requirements, large force capacity and robustness, magnetorheological (MR) fluid dampers mesh well with application demands and constraints to offer an attractive means of protecting civil infrastructure systems against severe earthquake and wind loading. Following an overview of the current status of MR fluid technology, this paper presents both laboratory and full-scale studies of the efficacy of MR dampers for seismic hazard mitigation.
Effects of thermal and mechanical loading on PDC bit life (1984)

The results of numerical analyses conducted to determine the effects of thermal and mechanical loading on the integrity of polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) cutters during deep hole drilling are presented. Cutter temperature distributions for several drilling environments are combined with appropriate mechanical cutting loads to predict stress distributions for the study of cutter wear mechanisms. A discussion of wear mechanisms acting on the cutting structure is presented. Suggestions are presented, based on these analyses, for the operation of PDC bits to increase bit life in hard, abrasive rock drilling. Microstructural design considerations for the cemented carbide that supports the diamond layer are also discussed.
Development of ELISAs for the measurement of the dietary phytoestrogens daidzein and equol in human plasma (1998)

Microtitration plate ELISAs were developed for the isoflavone daidzein, a phytoestrogen found mainly in soya and the mammalian metabolite of daidzein, equol.The detection limits in assay buffer were 21 pg per well for daidzein and 70 pg per well for equol.The assays were both highly specific.Human plasma was extracted with an organic solvent and standard curves for daidzein and equol were obtained in the presence of the extract.Applications of the assays are discussed.
SURGICAL KNOWLEDGE BASE AUGMENTATION BY MEDICAL ROTATIONS: DOES IT HAPPEN? (1990)

A study of 4 groups of fifth year medical students taking Surgery during the 4 terms of 1989 at the University of Queensland was undertaken to determine whether there was assimilation of factual material relevant to the surgical knowledge base from the other specialty rotations done during the same year of the course. The records of multiple choice question (MCQ) examination results for the 210 students were retrieved and reviewed. The performance of the same students during their fourth-year rotation in Surgery was checked to make sure that the 4 groups did not already display unusual surgical aptitude or incompetence. The questions were categorized in order to ascertain that the content of all the examinations was similar. The results of students doing Surgery during the first of the 4 terms in 1989 were compared with subsequent groups. The difference between the groups was that those in the first term had not had the benefit of fifth year rotations through Internal Medicine, Psychiatry, General Practice and electives. Subsequent groups had increasing experience in the other specialties. The fourth and final group in the year had undertaken all four of the other rotations before doing Surgery. Significant improvement was found in the performance of each of the subsequent groups of students compared with the first-term group. This implies that there is an escalating accural of factual knowledge related to surgery from the fifth-year courses in Internal Medicine, Child Health and Psychiatry.
Blockade of the MEK/ERK signalling cascade by AS703026, a novel selective MEK1/2 inhibitor, induces pleiotropic anti‐myeloma activity <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> (2010)

This study investigated the cytotoxicity and mechanism of action of AS703026, a novel, selective, orally bioavailable MEK1/2 inhibitor, in human multiple myeloma (MM). AS703026 inhibited growth and survival of MM cells and cytokine-induced osteoclast differentiation more potently (9- to 10-fold) than AZD6244. Inhibition of proliferation induced by AS703026 was mediated by G0-G1 cell cycle arrest and was accompanied by reduction of MAF oncogene expression. AS703026 further induced apoptosis via caspase 3 and Poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) cleavage in MM cells, both in the presence or absence of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs). Importantly, AS703026 sensitized MM cells to a broad spectrum of conventional (dexamethasone, melphalan), novel or emerging (lenalidomide, perifosine, bortezomib, rapamycin) anti-MM therapies. Significant tumour growth reduction in AS703026- vs. vehicle-treated mice bearing H929 MM xenograft tumours correlated with downregulated pERK1/2, induced PARP cleavage, and decreased microvessels in vivo. Moreover, AS703026 (<200 nmol/l) was cytotoxic against the majority of tumour cells tested from patients with relapsed and refractory MM (84%), regardless of mutational status of RAS and BRAF genes. Importantly, BMSC-induced viability of MM patient cells was similarly blocked within the same dose range. Our results therefore support clinical evaluation of AS703026, alone or in combination with other anti-MM agents, to improve patient outcome.
Erythrocyte Receptors for ( <i>Plasmodium Knowlesi</i> ) Malaria: Duffy Blood Group Determinants (1975)

Duffy blood group negative human erythrocytes (FyFy) are resistant to infection by Plasmodium knowlesi, a simian malaria that infects Duffy positive human erythrocytes. The P. knowlesi resistance factor, Duffy negative erythrocytes, occurs in high frequency in West Africa, where the people are resistant to vivax malaria. This suggests that Duffy blood group determinants (Fya or Fyb) may be erythrocyte receptors for P. vivax.