gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Motion blur compensation in HEVC using fixed-length adaptive filter (2015)

Motion compensation is one of the most important elements in modern hybrid video coders. It utilizes temporal information to predict the current block and reduces thereby the redundancy of a video. The accuracy of prediction depends on the similarity of the content between the reference block and the current block. With the change of velocity of the camera or certain objects in a scene, which is typically expected in action and sports movies, motion blur varies from frame to frame leading to a reduced prediction accuracy. We employ fixed-length filters to compensate varying motion blur in hybrid video coding. While former approaches needed additional signaling for blurring filters, our filter is derived only based on the motion vector. We implemented our approach in the High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) reference software HM 13.0. Compared to the reference we gain 2.15% in terms of BD-Rate in average for JCT-VC test sequences and 4.43% for self-recorded sequences containing lots of varying motion blur.
A photochemical microrocket for attitude control. (1969)

Covers advancements in spacecraft and tactical and strategic missile systems, including subsystem design and application, mission design and analysis, materials and structures, developments in space sciences, space processing and manufacturing, space operations, and applications of space technologies to other fields.
Catalytic, Nucleophilic Allylation of Aldehydes with Allyl Acetate (2008)

A new catalytic allylation of aldehydes has been developed that employs allyl acetate as the allylating reagent. Under catalysis by ruthenium trichloride (3 mol %) in the presence of carbon monoxide (30 psi), water (1.5 equiv), and triethylamine (0.1 equiv), a wide range of aromatic, olefinic, and aliphatic aldehydes are efficiently allylated under mild conditions (70 degrees C, 24-48 h). The stoichiometric byproducts of this reaction are carbon dioxide and acetic acid.
A general approach for fabrication of superhydrophobic and superamphiphobic surfaces (2008)

A simple one-step electrodeposition process is developed for the fabrication of superhydrophobic surfaces on a series of substrates such as copper, titanium, iron, zinc, aluminum, and stannum. The hierarchical micro- and nanostructures endow these surfaces with excellent super-hydrophobicity and the resulting surfaces show superhydrophobicity even for some corrosive liquids including salt solutions and acidic and basic solutions at all pH values. Importantly, this approach can be easily applied to other systems such as the fabrication of superamphiphobic surfaces as long as the substrates are electrically conductive.
Aging Response and Elevated Temperature Strengthening in Brazing Sheet Core Alloys of 3xxx Series Aluminum (2001)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In this study, the age hardening effect in different braze sheet core alloys with varying levels of Mg was evaluated through tensile tests performed at their respective aging temperatures. The investigated temperature range was room temperature to 250°C.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As the Mg content of the material increased, the extent of age hardening increased and the gain in yield strength was retained up to a higher temperature. For the material with 0.5 Mg, the yield strength at 175°C following peak aging at 175°C was about 60 % greater than the as-brazed yield strength. While the overaging did not occur after 2500 hours of aging at 104°C, the yield strength of material with 0.5 Mg following aging for 1500 hours at 175°C was higher than its as-brazed yield strength.</div>
FtsK functions in the processing of a Holliday junction intermediate during bacterial chromosome segregation (2000)

In bacteria with circular chromosomes, homologous recombination can generate chromosome dimers that cannot be segregated to daughter cells at cell division. Xer site-specific recombination at dif, a 28-bp site located in the replication terminus region of the chromosome, converts dimers to monomers through the sequential action of the XerC and XerD recombinases. Chromosome dimer resolution requires that dif is positioned correctly in the chromosome, and the activity of FtsK, a septum-located protein that coordinates cell division with chromosome segregation. Here, we show that cycles of XerC-mediated strand exchanges form and resolve Holliday junction intermediates back to substrate irrespective of whether conditions support a complete recombination reaction. The C-terminal domain of FtsK is sufficient to activate the exchange of the second pair of strands by XerD, allowing both intra- and intermolecular recombination reactions to go to completion. Proper positioning of dif in the chromosome and of FtsK at the septum is required to sense the multimeric state of newly replicated chromosomes and restrict complete Xer reactions to dimeric chromosomes.
Starting problems associated with a transformer coupled load in a series inverter (1988)

The voltage source series inverter with a transformer-coupled induction heating load suffers from either latching or commutation failure when starting under certain load conditions. The load conditions that cause starting failure are determined. The commutating and latching current capabilities of the inverter are obtained by a transient analysis of the invertor for the first half cycle. The requirements for successful operation of the inverter are discussed, and the regions for successful and unsuccessful commutation and latching of the inverter are given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Systematic Review of Low‐Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Apheresis for the Treatment of Familial Hypercholesterolemia (2016)

LDL-C apheresis treatment may be necessary for patients with FH when drug therapy is inadequate in reducing LDL-C to target levels. While apheresis reduces LDL-C, high per-session costs and the frequency of guideline-recommended treatment result in substantial annual costs, which are barriers to the optimal treatment of FH.
Do Iatrogenic Punctures of the Labrum Affect the Clinical Results of Hip Arthroscopy? (2011)

Level III, case-control study.
Modified polypeptides and polypeptide hydrogels for controlled drug delivery. (1998)

A great variety of polymers have been evaluated over the past several decades as biodegradable polymer platforms for the controlled release of biologically active molecules. However, the relatively few number of approved products attests to the continued need to develop novel materials for these applications. Polypeptides have been studied as biologically compatible and degradable biomaterials for drug delivery purposes. Preliminary studies of solid-phase polymers demonstrated that polypeptide structure could be manipulated to prepare either helical or random coil polymers from $\gamma$-benzyl glutamic acid. These polymers were shown to have different release rate characteristics using a model hydrophilic, low molecular weight drug yet no significant difference in release rate was observed for a high molecular weight model peptide. In contrast, modifications to bulk polypeptide hydrophilicity were performed by block copolymerization of the polypeptide onto poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG). Increasing polypeptide hydrophilicity in this manner had a dramatic affect on increasing the release rates of both low and high molecular weight model drugs. Because modifications to bulk polypeptide hydrophilicity were found to be effective in improving both the rate and total extent of peptide release, this concept was extended by synthesizing hydrophilic crosslinked polypeptide networks containing poly(sc L-glutamic acid) (PLG) and PEG. These hydrogel structures were observed to have pH-sensitive swelling characteristics which resulted from electrostatic and osmotic swelling forces; however, organized structural attributes arising from the polypeptide constituent were also found to influence the extent of pH-responsive swelling. Synthetic parameters such as polypeptide concentration, polypeptide composition, and PEG molecular weight and loading were varied and found important in determining hydrogel swelling characteristics. The loading and release characteristics of dextrans varied with their molecular weight. Release of lysozyme persisted for several days from the most hydrophilic hydrogel. The cationic peptide protamine sulfate was strongly retained within the PLG-PEG hydrogel at pH 7.4. This peptide was released only when moved to pH 3.0 where the polypeptide hydrogel is uncharged. These results demonstrate this polypeptide hydrogel system to be a highly versatile polymer platform for drug delivery applications.
Preparation and Properties of Corn Gluten Meal/Poly (Lactic Acid) Composite (2011)

Blends of Corn gluten meal (CGM) and poly (lactic acid) (PLA) plasticized with glycerol, water and ethanol, were extruded into pellets using single-screw extruder, and the pellets were compression-molded into composites, and the tensile strength, water resistance, thermal stability and morphology of the composite were evaluated. The results showed that PLA reinforced the composite, improved the water resistance. The structure of composite was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), it was showed that PLA formed a network structure, and the modified CGM inlay in network. The result of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) considered that the composite could keep thermal stability below 180 °C.
Hypertrapezoidal fuzzy membership functions (2002)

The authors present a method for representing N-dimensional fuzzy membership functions. The proposed method is a generalization of the one-dimensional trapezoidal membership function commonly used in fuzzy systems. The issue of correlation between input variables and a decrease in the rule base size is the motivation for extending the definition of membership functions into more than one domain. The approach outlined in this paper is focused by practical considerations and use of a Bayesian version of fuzzy logic which requires that set membership sum to one. The fuzzy partitioning which stems from the presented method is parameterized by M+1 values, yielding an efficient mechanism for designing complex fuzzy systems.
Formation and Characterization of Protein−Protein Complexes in Vacuo (2003)

Gas-phase reactions between multiply charged positive and negative protein ions are carried out in a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer. The ions react with one another by proton transfer and complex formation. Proton transfer products and complexes are formed via competitive processes in single ion/ion encounters. The relative contributions of proton transfer versus complex formation are dependent upon the charges of the ions as well as other characteristics of the ions yet to be clearly delineated. No fragmentation of covalent bonds of the protein reactants is observed. A model that considers the trajectories associated with ion/ion interactions appears to hold the most promise in accounting for the results. The formation of bound ion/ion orbits appears to play an important role in determining overall reaction kinetics as well as the distribution of ion/ion reaction products. Tandem mass spectrometry is used to compare protein complexes formed in the gas-phase with those formed initially in solution and subsequently liberated by electrospray; it is shown that both forms of complex dissociate similarly, but the complexes formed in the gas phase can retain a "memory" of their method of formation.
Different spectra of therapeutic vaccine development against HPV infections (2009)

Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are simple, non-enveloped, double-stranded DNA viruses and responsible for an enormous global burden of genital disease. HPV is annually associated with 500,000 new cases of cervical cancer and 250,000 cervical cancer deaths worldwide. The association between HPV infection and cervical cancer indicates that HPV serves as an ideal target for development of preventive and therapeutic vaccines. A novel approach for primary prevention of cervical cancer has become available by the discovery of efficient prophylactic HPV vaccines based on virus-like particles. Therapeutic vaccination has been limited by inadequate antigen-specific immune responses. Different therapeutic strategies have been developed including peptide immunization-based therapies, DNA vector-based therapies, viral/bacterial vector-based therapies, immune response modifiers, photodynamic therapy (PDT) and T cell receptor based therapy. At present, the design of therapeutic vaccines to control the growth of HPV-induced tumors has focused on utilization of E6 and E7 proteins or peptides as vaccine antigens. Human trials are the most important test for the efficacy of HPV16/18 E6 and E7 proteins as immunotherapy for cervical cancer. This review attempts to describe different therapeutic vaccinations against HPV infections.
Use of a Simplified HPLC−UV Analysis for Soyasaponin B Determination:  Study of Saponin and Isoflavone Variability in Soybean Cultivars and Soy-Based Health Food Products (2005)

Soyasaponins are phytochemicals of major interest for health. Their identification and quantification remain difficult owing to the large number of structural isomers in soybeans and the lack of stable standards. In this study, a rapid method using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) using a UV detector (205 nm) was developed to identify and quantify soyasaponins belonging to group B and compare them with isoflavones in different soy materials. 2,3-Dihydro-2,5-dihydroxy-6-methyl-4H-pyran-4-one (DDMP)-conjugated soyasaponins were determined using external calibration or a molecular mass ratio after alkaline hydrolysis to cleave their DDMP moieties. The detection limit of soyasaponin I, used as a reference molecule to simplify the analysis, was 0.065 micromol/g. Soyasaponin contents in seven soybean varieties ranged from 13.20 to 42.40 micromol/g in the germ and from 2.76 to 6.43 micromol/g in the cotyledons. The within-day and between-days variation coefficients did not exceed 7.9 and 9.0%, respectively, for the major soyasaponins. Soyasaponin B quantification in different soy-based health supplements was reported along with measurements of their isoflavone content to provide information on the variability of these bioactive compounds among different types of soy food materials.
Stress Analysis of Cracks (1965)

A general survey of the results of elastic stress analyses of cracked bodie is the basic objective of this work. The stress-intensity-factor method ofs representing results is stressed and compared with other similar methods. All three modes of crack-surface displacements are considered, as well as specialized results applicable to plate and shell bending. Results for various media (for example, anisotropic, viscoelastic, or nonhomogeneous) are contrasted with the analysis of homogeneous isotropic media. The accuracy of the representation of the crack-tip stress fields by stress-intensity factor methods is discussed, pointing out some limitations of applicability. Methods of estimating and approximate analysis for stress-intensity factors in complicated practical circumstances are also discussed.
Alcohols or Masked Alcohols as Directing Groups for C–H Bond Functionalization (2013)

Abstract This highlight review describes the recent progress in alcohol or masked alcohol-directed C–H functionalization, which enables rapid access to a large array of complex structures. Given the ubiquity of the hydroxy group in organic chemistry, these types of transformations may have significant impacts on synthetic strategy design.
Automatic collection of failure data from the iOS platform (2013)

The increasing complexity of smart phones makes them more susceptible to accidental failures. However, there is still little understanding on the dependability behavior of modern smart phones. In this paper, we propose the design and implementation of a logger to collect relevant failure data from iOS devices, such as iPhone and iPad. The preliminary use of the logger on real-world devices shows that it is able to collect meaningful failure data and to provide interesting insight on the dependability behavior of iOS.
Predicting the Genotoxicity of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds from Molecular Structure with Different Classifiers (2003)

Classification models were developed to provide accurate prediction of genotoxicity of 277 polycyclic aromatic compounds (PACs) directly from their molecular structures. Numerical descriptors encoding the topological, geometric, electronic, and polar surface area properties of the compounds were calculated to represent the structural information. Each compound's genotoxicity was represented with IMAX (maximal SOS induction factor) values measured by the SOS Chromotest in the presence and absence of S9 rat liver homogenate. The compounds' class identity was determined by a cutoff IMAX value of 1.25-compounds with IMAX > 1.25 in either test were classified as genotoxic, and the ones with IMAX < or = 1.25 were nongenotoxic. Several binary classification models were generated to predict genotoxicity: k-nearest neighbor (k-NN), linear discriminant analysis, and probabilistic neural network. The study showed k-NN to provide the highest predictive ability among the three classifiers with a training set classification rate of 93.5%. A consensus model was also developed that incorporated the three classifiers and correctly predicted 81.2% of the 277 compounds. It also provided a higher prediction rate on the genotoxic class than any other single model.
The Importance of Phosphate in Regulating Plasma 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>-Vitamin D Levels in Humans: Studies in Healthy Subjects, in Calcium-Stone Formers and in Patients with Primary Hyperparathyroidism* (1977)

We observed that plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations average 87 ± 30 SD pmol/1 in 48 healthy adults without a personal or family history of kidney stones. Plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations were significantly elevated among 26 patients with recurrent calcium-containing renal stones and hypophosphatemia: 150 ± 74 pmol/1; P < 0.001, andamong 9 patients with provenparathyroid adenoma and hypophosphatemia: 200 ± 54 pmol/1; P< 0.001. Plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D levels in these 3 groups were inversely correlated with serum phosphate concentration: plasma1,25-(OH)2-D, pmol/1 = 282 – 141 × serumPO4, mmol/1; r = 0.51; P < 0.001. During dietary PO4 deprivation lasting 11 to 16 days in 10 healthy women, serum PO4 fell and plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations rose whereas in 8 healthy menneither serum PO4 nor 1,25-(OH)2-D concentrations changed. The change from control in plasma 1,25-(OH)2-D levels were correlated with the change from control in serum PO4 concentrations: Δ1,25-(OH)2-D, pmol/1 = 1 - 82 × Δserum PO4 mmol/1; r = 0.59; P < 0.01. We conclude that reductions in serum PO4 concentrations, either directly orindirectly, stimulate renal synthesis of 1,25-(OH)2-D in humans.
Growth of Ga<i>x</i>In1−<i>x</i>As quantum wire heterostructures by the strain-induced lateral-layer ordering process (1995)

GaxIn1−xAs quantum wire (QWR) arrays were grown in situ by molecular beam epitaxy. A lateral composition modulation was achieved in the GaxIn1−xAs material system via the strain-induced lateral layer ordering process occurring spontaneously when (GaAs)n/(InAs)n short-period superlattices are grown on (100)-oriented on-axis InP substrates. The resulting quasiperiodic modulation of the GaxIn1−xAs composition, with a periodicity of 300 Å, offers a lateral quantum confinement along the growth plane. The quantum confinement in the growth direction is provided by sandwiching the thin (∼100 Å) laterally ordered GaxIn1−xAs layer between layers of bulk Al0.24Ga0.24In0.52As. The formation of the QWR array is confirmed by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy and polarized photoluminescence measurements.
Virulence of Seven Isolates ofBeauveria bassianaandMetarhizium anisopliaetoCoptotermes formosanus(Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) (1996)

Three strains of Metarhi;:;ium anisopliae (Metschnikoff) Sorokin and 4 strains of Bearweria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin were evaluated for potential use as remedial control ageuts against Coptotermes fonnosmws Shiraki. The 7 isolates were screened for relative pathogenicity, and the median lethal time eliciting 50% mortality (LT50) was calculated. [n general, the M. allisopliae strains were more virulent, with lower LTso values, than were the B. hassiana strains. However, B. hassilllla strain 787 also showed a high level of virulence. The LTso values ranged from 0.13 to 4.5 d. Determination of the median lethal concentration required to achieve 50% mOltality (LCso) with the remaining 6 isolates showed that B. bassiana strain 787 had the lowest LCso valne but was closely followed by all 3 M. allisopliae strains. The LCso values for 4 of the isolates ranged from 33 to 40 conidia per termite. The isolates were tested for transmissibility and survivorship under simulated nest conditions. Termite workers dusted \vith dry conidia (6 X 105 to 2.4 X 10 7 conidia per termite) were capable of transmitting the pathogen to other colony members. The isolates differed in their inoculum potential, rate of mortality, and response by other workers to fungus-killed cadavers. However, all isolates showed the ability to grow, sporulate, and produce mycosis under these artificial conditions, indicating the potential for causing an epizootic in treated nests. Based on these remIts, B. hassimw strain 787 was thought to possess the highest potential as a remedial control agent for C. fomwsanus because of the moderately low LTso value of 2.9 d and the low LC50 value of ,'33 conidia per termite in combination with its transmissibility and performance in l1C'stingmaterial.
The Influence of Hydrogen‐Bond Defects on the Properties of Ionic Liquids (2011)

Counterintuitive: The preformation of ion pairs can explain the low melting points of imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) and the resulting expanded range of working temperatures. This quasi-ion-pair formation is possible for ILs having cations with only one interaction site leading to local and directional hydrogen bonds with the corresponding anion (see structure; O red, N blue, F green, S yellow).
The Mechanism of Gelation of Konjac Mannan (1974)

Journal Article The Mechanism of Gelation of Konjac Mannan Get access Kenji Maekaji Kenji Maekaji Hiroshima Food Research Institute, Hiroshima Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Agricultural and Biological Chemistry, Volume 38, Issue 2, 1 February 1974, Pages 315–321, https://doi.org/10.1080/00021369.1974.10861161 Published: 01 February 1974 Article history Received: 03 August 1973 Published: 01 February 1974
Robotics in the Small, Part I: Microbotics (2007)

This article provided an overview of the field of microrobotics, including the distinct but related topics of micromanipulation and microrobots. While many interesting results have been shown to date, the greatest results in this field are yet to come.