gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Why the Brazil nuts are on top: Size segregation of particulate matter by shaking (1987)

When a can containing one large ball and a number of smaller ones is shaken, the large ball rises to the top, even when the larger ball is more dense than the others. Similarly, a mixture of different sized particles will segregate by size when shaken. An adaptation of the Monte Carlo method is used to study this size segregation. The results show the local, geometric mechanism by which the segregation is produced. Segregation by size is to be distinguished from the more obvious sifting process which occurs when tiny grains filter down through the interstices between large particles.
A New Runway for Journalists: On the Intentions of Journalists to Start Social Enterprises (2018)

Journalists have been facing a variety of challenges and are even being laid oﬀ in the face of changing media ecosystems in the age of digital convergence. Sharing similar characteristcs with entrepreneurs, numerous journalists have worked together to develop social enterprises, ataining social change through business approaches. The present study explores the intentons of former and current journalists to establish social enterprises, using questonnaires focused on personality traits, creatvity, and social capital. Results reveal that creatvity was found to have a signifcant inﬂuence on the social entrepreneurial intentons of journalists, as does having higher bridgingtype social capital.
Reflexiones en torno a la muerte en la actualidad. Un problema bioético (2004)

Se presenta una revision en torno a la muerte en la actualidad. Se reflexiona acerca de algunas concepciones religiosas, actitudes, la concepcion filosofica marxista-leninista sobre la contradiccion vida-muerte y contradiccion de criterios. Se emiten consideraciones finales.
Urine specific gravity as an indicator of dehydration in Olympic combat sport athletes; considerations for research and practice (2018)

Urine specific gravity (U<sub>SG</sub>) is the most commonly reported biochemical marker used in research and applied settings to detect fluid deficits in athletes, including those participating in combat sports. Despite the popularity of its use, there has been a growing debate regarding the diagnostic accuracy and the applicability of U<sub>SG</sub> in characterizing whole-body fluid status and fluctuations. Moreover, recent investigations report universally high prevalence of hypohydration (∼90%) via U<sub>SG</sub> assessment in combat sport athletes, often in spite of stable body-mass. Given the widespread use in both research and practice, and its use in a regulatory sense as a 'hydration test' in combat sports as a means to detect dehydration at the time of weigh-in; understanding the limitations and applicability of U<sub>SG</sub> assessment is of paramount importance. Inconsistencies in findings of U<sub>SG</sub> readings, possibly as a consequence of diverse methodological research approaches and/or overlooked confounding factors, preclude a conclusive position stand within current combat sports research and practice. Thus the primary aim of this paper is to critically review the literature regarding U<sub>SG</sub> assessment of hydration status in combat sports research and practice. When taken on balance, the existing literature suggests: the use of laboratory derived benchmarks in applied settings, inconsistent sampling methodologies, the incomplete picture of how various confounding factors affect end-point readings, and the still poorly understood potential of renal adaptation to dehydration in combat athletes; make the utility of hydration assessment via U<sub>SG</sub> measurement quite problematic, particularly when diet and training is not controlled.
Calibration of Passive UHF RFID Tags Using Neural Networks to Measure Soil Moisture (2018)

This paper presents a system to monitor soil moisture using standard UHF RFID tags buried on the soil. An autonomous mobile robot is also presented, which is capable to navigate on the field and automatically read the sensors, even if they are completely buried on the soil. Thus, passive RFID tags are buried on the soil, allowing wireless moisture measurement without the need of batteries for long periods. The system dispenses external cables and antennas and may be composed of a single RFID tag buried on the soil or by several RFID tags buried at different depths on the soil. An antenna coupled to a RFID reader can be pointed to the place of installation of these tags, and by measuring the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) and other parameters, it allows to estimate the amount of water on the soil. The estimation of volumetric water content (VWC) on the soil was successfully obtained and calibrated with <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>R</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup><mml:mo>></mml:mo><mml:mn>0.9</mml:mn></mml:math> using neural networks trained with experimental data from a reference capacitive soil moisture sensor. In addition to the simplified installation procedure, the system allows manual or automatic reading through irrigation systems or other systems to control irrigation systems. The system has been evaluated in several experiments, and nine tags were buried on the field, being used for at least three years. Experimental results show that it is possible to read tags at 40 cm deep in the soil with the RFID reader antenna 10 cm far from the soil surface.
Rho Signaling and Tight Junction Functions (2010)

Tight junctions are heteromeric protein complexes that act as signaling centers by mediating the bidirectional transmission of information between the environment and the cell interior to control paracellular permeability and differentiation. Insight into tight junction-associated signaling mechanisms is of fundamental importance for our understanding of the physiology of epithelia and endothelia in health and disease.
Transgenic Expression of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1/CXC Chemokine Ligand 12 Enhances Myeloid Progenitor Cell Survival/Antiapoptosis In Vitro in Response to Growth Factor Withdrawal and Enhances Myelopoiesis In Vivo (2003)

Hemopoiesis is regulated in part by survival/apoptosis of hemopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Exogenously added stromal cell-derived factor-1 ((SDF-1)/CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)12) enhances survival/antiapoptosis of myeloid progenitor cells in vitro. To further evaluate SDF-1/CXCL12 effects on progenitor cell survival, transgenic mice endogenously expressing SDF-1/CXCL12 under a Rous sarcoma virus promoter were produced. Myeloid progenitors (CFU-granulocyte-macrophage, burst-forming unit-erythroid, CFU-granulocyte-erythrocyte-megakaryocyte-monocyte) from transgenic mice were studied for in vitro survival in the context of delayed addition of growth factors. SDF-1-expressing transgenic myeloid progenitors were enhanced in survival and antiapoptosis compared with their wild-type littermate counterparts. Survival-enhancing effects were due to release of low levels of SDF-1/CXCL12 and mediated through CXCR4 and G(alpha)i proteins as determined by ELISA, an antagonist to CXCR4, Abs to CXCR4 and SDF-1, and pertussis toxin. Transgenic effects of low SDF-1/CXCR4 may be due to synergy of SDF-1/CXCL12 with other cytokines; low SDF-1/CXCL12 synergizes with low concentrations of other cytokines to enhance survival of normal mouse myeloid progenitors. Consistent with in vitro results, progenitors from SDF-1/CXCL12 transgenic mice displayed enhanced marrow and splenic myelopoiesis: greatly increased progenitor cell cycling and significant increases in progenitor cell numbers. These results substantiate survival effects of SDF-1/CXCL12, now extended to progenitors engineered to endogenously produce low levels of this cytokine, and demonstrate activity in vivo for SDF-1/CXCL12 in addition to cell trafficking.
Phagocytosis of myelin by microglia in vitro (1993)

Previous experiments from this laboratory have shown that peritoneal macrophages in culture will phagocytize myelin. Myelin preopsonized with myelin antibodies is phagocytized to a much greater extent than untreated myelin, indicating that macrophages ingest myelin by an Fc receptor. The present work was undertaken to determine the characteristics of myelin phagocytosis by microglia, the resident macrophages of the central nervous system. Microglia isolated from 4-5 day primary cultures of newborn rat brains were shown to bind and phagocytize myelin labeled in the lipids by 14C-acetate. Both binding and phagocytosis as shown by the appearance of 14C-cholesterol ester were greatly increased if labeled myelin was preopsonized with antiserum to myelin basic protein or galactocerebroside. Both preopsonized and untreated myelin were phagocytized more actively by microglia than by peritoneal macrophages under the same culture conditions. Microglia cultured in the presence of GM-CSF showed slightly increased cholesterol ester production from opsonized myelin, but the effect of GM-CSF was significantly greater than myelin pretreated with control serum (34% increase) or untreated myelin (154% increase). There was no significant effect of GM-CSF on myelin phagocytosis by peritoneal macrophages. Cerebrospinal fluid containing immunoglobulin drawn from rabbits with acute EAE also opsonized myelin to increase phagocytosis by microglia, as has been previously shown with peritoneal macrophages. These results indicate that microglia may actively participate in myelin destruction in demyelinating diseases where myelin antibodies or a source of GM-CSF may be present.
Effects of Water Stress on Colonization of Poplar Stems and Excised Leaf Disks by <i>Septoria musiva</i> (1997)

ABSTRACT Septoria musiva causes leaf spot and canker diseases of trees in the genus Populus, and is one of the most damaging fungal pathogens of hybrid poplar in eastern North America. The effect of host water stress on Septoria canker development was studied in two separate greenhouse experiments. Hybrid poplar clones NM6, NC11396, and NE308 were stressed by withholding water until predawn water potential fell below -1.0 MPa. Stems were treated by removing a leaf and applying agar plugs that were either colonized by S. musiva (inoculated) or sterile (control) to the wound. Cankers on inoculated water-stressed trees were significantly larger than those on nonstressed trees. A leaf disk assay also was conducted three times with the NM6 and NE308 trees. We cut two disks from each of 120 stressed and 120 well-watered trees, placing them on water agar in 24-well tissue culture plates. A conidial suspension was applied to one disk in each pair and sterile water to the other. Inoculated disks from water-stressed trees developed less necrosis than those from well-watered trees. These results demonstrate that environmental influences on host condition must be considered in evaluating resistance of clones proposed for widespread culture of hybrid poplar.
InGaN multiple quantum well lasers grown by MBE (2005)

Abstract We report progress in the development of InGaN multiple quantum well laser diodes grown by MBE. Lasers were grown by gas‐source MBE using ammonia as the source of nitrogen. Devices were grown on both GaN template substrates with dry‐etched laser facets, and on low dislocation density free‐standing GaN substrates where cleaved laser facets are possible. We have achieved a minimum threshold current density of ∼11 kA cm –2 on templates and ∼7 kA cm –2 on free‐standing GaN. On GaN substrates we have achieved room temperature operation with a pulsed duty cycle of 10%. Further optimisation of the device is required to reduce thermal effects and achieve CW operation. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Bacterial co-expression of human Tau protein with protein kinase A and 14-3-3 for studies of 14-3-3/phospho-Tau interaction (2017)

Abundant regulatory 14-3-3 proteins have an extremely wide interactome and coordinate multiple cellular events via interaction with specifically phosphorylated partner proteins. Notwithstanding the key role of 14-3-3/phosphotarget interactions in many physiological and pathological processes, they are dramatically underexplored. Here, we focused on the 14-3-3 interaction with human Tau protein associated with the development of several neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Among many known phosphorylation sites within Tau, protein kinase A (PKA) phosphorylates several key residues of Tau and induces its tight interaction with 14-3-3 proteins. However, the stoichiometry and mechanism of 14-3-3 interaction with phosphorylated Tau (pTau) are not clearly elucidated. In this work, we describe a simple bacterial co-expression system aimed to facilitate biochemical and structural studies on the 14-3-3/pTau interaction. We show that dual co-expression of human fetal Tau with PKA in Escherichia coli results in multisite Tau phosphorylation including also naturally occurring sites which were not previously considered in the context of 14-3-3 binding. Tau protein co-expressed with PKA displays tight functional interaction with 14-3-3 isoforms of a different type. Upon triple co-expression with 14-3-3 and PKA, Tau protein could be co-purified with 14-3-3 and demonstrates complex which is similar to that formed in vitro between individual 14-3-3 and pTau obtained from dual co-expression. Although used in this study for the specific case of the previously known 14-3-3/pTau interaction, our co-expression system may be useful to study of other selected 14-3-3/phosphotarget interactions and for validations of 14-3-3 complexes identified by other methods.
SNG moves digital [satellite news gathering] (1993)

The revolution in news gathering occasioned by development of the 'flyaway terminal' and small vans, trailers and lorries is reviewed. Differences (in size, weight and power consumption) from conventional FM TV without digitally compressed video are highlighted. A link budget for a 20 W system is presented.
Methyl 2,6-Anhydro-α-D-altroside and Other New Derivatives of Methyl α-D-Altroside<sup>1</sup> (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMethyl 2,6-Anhydro-α-D-altroside and Other New Derivatives of Methyl α-D-Altroside1David A. Rosenfeld, Nelson K. Richtmyer, and C. S. HudsonCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 6, 2201–2206Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01186a063https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01186a063research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Antiepileptic Drugs as a Cause of Worsening Seizures (1998)

Drug-induced exacerbation of seizures is a serious and common clinical problem that is often unrecognized or overlooked by the treating physician. Its occurrence appears to be related to three possible causes: an incorrect diagnosis of seizure type or syndromic form, lack of knowledge about certain drugs that are contraindicated in specific types of epilepsies, or to prescription of excessive drug dosages and drug combinations. Further studies are required to evaluate the prevalence of this phenomenon of drug-induced exacerbation of seizures, to investigate its mechanisms in greater detail and to characterize additional prognostic factors that may be used for early identification of patients at risk.
Exploring the capabilities of quantum optimal dynamic discrimination (2009)

Optimal dynamic discrimination (ODD) uses closed-loop learning control techniques to discriminate between similar quantum systems. ODD achieves discrimination by employing a shaped control (laser) pulse to simultaneously exploit the unique quantum dynamics particular to each system, even when they are quite similar. In this work, ODD is viewed in the context of multiobjective optimization, where the competing objectives are the degree of similarity of the quantum systems and the level of controlled discrimination that can be achieved. To facilitate this study, the D-MORPH gradient algorithm is extended to handle multiple quantum systems and multiple objectives. This work explores the trade-off between laser resources (e.g., the length of the pulse, fluence, etc.) and ODD's ability to discriminate between similar systems. A mechanism analysis is performed to identify the dominant pathways utilized to achieve discrimination between similar systems.
Fabrication and testing of thermoelectric thin film devices (1996)

Two thin-film thermoelectric devices are experimentally demonstrated. The relevant thermal loads on the cold junction of these devices are determined. The analytical form of the equation that describes the thermal loading of the device enables one to model the performance based on the independently measured electronic properties of the films forming the devices. This model elucidates which parameters determine device performance, and how they can be used to maximize performance.
Artificial Learning and Machine Learning Decision Guidance Applications in Total Hip and Knee Arthroplasty: A Systematic Review (2021)

AI/ML-based applications in TJA continue to expand and have the potential to optimize patient selection and accurately predict postoperative outcomes, complications, and associated costs. On average, the AI/ML models performed best in predicting postoperative complications, pain, and patient-reported outcomes and were less accurate in predicting hospital readmissions and reoperations.
Paint Decontamination Kinetics (1984)

Decontamination kinetics of a high-gloss polyurethane paint have been investigated using a novel flow cell experiment where the sample was counted in situ during decontamination. The 134Cs, 137Cs, and 90Y decontaminations follow a rate law that can be predicted theoretically for contaminant ion desorption from weakly heterogeneous random surface adsorption sites. Paint surfaces show the same decontamination kinetics after damage by abrasion or ultraviolet irradiation prior to contamination. The systems investigated exhibit Freundlich adsorption isotherm behavior during contamination; this is also characteristic of weakly heterogeneous random surfaces and is very commonly observed in ion adsorption studies at low concentrations.
Decreased Profilaggrin Expression in Ichthyosis Vulgaris Is a Result of Selectively Impaired Posttranscriptional Control (1995)

Ichthyosis vulgaris is an autosomal dominant disorder of keratinization characterized by mild hyperkeratosis and reduced or absent keratohyalin granules in the epidermis. Profilaggrin, a major component of keratohyalin granules, is reduced or absent from the skin of individuals with ichthyosis vulgaris. In this report, we have further characterized the molecular basis of low profilaggrin expression, which occurs in this disease. In situ hybridization revealed little profilaggrin mRNA in ichthyosis vulgaris-affected epidermis. In keratinocytes cultured from the epidermis of affected individuals, the abundance of profilaggrin was reduced to less than 10% of normal controls, while the mRNA level was decreased to 30-60% of controls. Expression of K1 and loricrin, other markers of epidermal differentiation, were not affected. Nuclear run-on assays indicated that the decrease in mRNA levels was not caused by aberrant transcription. Nucleotide sequencing of 5'-upstream, 3'-non-coding, and flanking regions of the profilaggrin gene from ichthyosis vulgaris-affected individuals revealed only minor changes, probably due to genetic polymorphisms. Our results indicate that defective profilaggrin expression in ichthyosis vulgaris is a result of selectively impaired posttranscriptional control.
Self-generating neural networks (2003)

A method for generating neural networks automatically is proposed. Not only the weights of the connections but also the structure of the network including the number of neurons, the number of layers, and the interconnections among the neurons are all learned from the training examples. Issues of optimization and pruning of the generated networks are investigated. An experimental system has been implemented based on the proposed method and some experimental results and comparisons between this method and other methods are also given.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Colossal magnetoresistive manganite-based ferroelectric field-effect transistor on Si (2004)

An all-perovskite ferroelectric field-effect transistor with a ferroelectric Pb(Zr0.2Ti0.8)O3 (PZT) gate and a colossal magnetoresistive La0.8Ca0.2MnO3 (LCMO) channel has been successfully fabricated by pulsed-laser deposition on Si. A clear and square channel resistivity hysteresis loop, commensurate with the ferroelectric hysteresis loop of PZT, is observed. A maximum modulation of 20% after an electric field poling of 1.5×105 V/cm, and 50% under a magnetic field of 1 T, are achieved near the metal-insulator transition temperature of the LCMO channel. A data retention time of at least one day is measured. The effects of electric and magnetic fields on the LCMO channel resistance are discussed within the framework of phase separation scenario.
Early first‐trimester free β‐hCG and PAPP‐A serum distributions in monochorionic and dichorionic twins (2009)

This study strengthened the need to make a distinction between mono- and dichorionic twins for the risk calculation in Down syndrome screening as biochemical markers are significantly lower in monochorionic than in dichorionic twins.