gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Alkaline Phosphatase Is an Almost Perfect Enzyme (1994)

The second-order rate constant, kcat/km, for catalysis of the hydrolysis of 4-nitrophenyl phosphate by alkaline phosphatase decreases with increasing viscosity in the presence of sucrose or arabinose, with a slope of delta[kcat/Km)0/(kcat/Km)]/delta(eta/eta 0) = 1.4 at pH 8.0, 25 degrees C. This is consistent with rate-limiting diffusional encounter of the substrate with active enzyme and indicates that alkaline phosphatase is a "perfect enzyme". However, the reported second-order rate constants of kcat/Km = 6.6 x 10(6) to 4.6 x 10(7) M-1 s-1 are smaller than the diffusional limit; this shows that only approximately 0.1-1% of the diffusional encounters are productive. The first-order rate constant, kcat, for rate-limiting hydrolysis of the phosphoenzyme intermediate at pH = 6 with saturating substrate concentration is independent of viscosity in aqueous sucrose solutions. This shows that sucrose does not destabilize the transition state for phosphoenzyme hydrolysis. However, at pH 8.0 product dissociation is rate limiting and kcat decreases with increasing viscosity in the presence of sucrose, with slopes of delta(k0/kobsd)/delta(eta/eta 0) = 1.2 in 0.04 M Mops buffer, 1.0 in 0.1 M Tris, and 1.2 in 0.67 M Tris buffer. This is consistent with rate-limiting diffusional separation of inorganic phosphate and of Tris phosphate from the enzyme. In contrast, glycerol causes a large decrease in kcat/Km at pH 8.0 and also decreases kcat at pH 6. This shows that glycerol decreases the rate by a solvent effect on the catalytic activity of the enzyme, as well as by increasing the viscosity.
The Global Meningococcal Initiative: global epidemiology, the impact of vaccines on meningococcal disease and the importance of herd protection (2016)

The 2015 Global Meningococcal Initiative (GMI) meeting discussed the global importance of meningococcal disease (MD) and its continually changing epidemiology. Areas covered: Although recent vaccination programs have been successful in reducing incidence in many countries (e.g. Neisseria meningitidis serogroup [Men]C in Brazil, MenA in the African meningitis belt), new clones have emerged, causing outbreaks (e.g. MenW in South America, MenC in Nigeria and Niger). The importance of herd protection was highlighted, emphasizing the need for high vaccination uptake among those with the highest carriage rates, as was the need for boosters to maintain individual and herd protection following decline of immune response after primary immunization. Expert commentary: The GMI Global Recommendations for Meningococcal Disease were updated to include a recommendation to enable access to whole-genome sequencing as for surveillance, guidance on strain typing to guide use of subcapsular vaccines, and recognition of the importance of advocacy and awareness campaigns.
Advanced Technology Fuel System for Heavy Duty Diesel Engines (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Caterpillar Fuel Systems is developing a family of next generation electronic unit injectors that provide the fundamental injection characteristics necessary for emissions and performance improvements for future direct-injection diesel engines. This paper describes the development and design of the mechanically actuated version of Caterpillar's advanced electronic unit injector fuel system to meet the engine customer driven requirements for enhanced injection characteristics with reliability and durability improvements.</div>
Soma neurofilament immunoreactivity is related to cell size and fibre conduction velocity in rat primary sensory neurons. (1991)

1. Intracellular recordings were made in dorsal root ganglia in vitro at 37 degrees C. The L4, L5 and L6 ganglia from 46- to 51-day-old female Wistar rats were used. In each neuron conduction velocity (CV) was measured and fluorescent dye was injected. Later the intensity of the immunoreactivity to RT97 (a monoclonal antibody to the phosphorylated 200 kDa neurofilament subunit) as well as the cell size (cross-sectional area at the nuclear level) were measured in the dye-injected neurons. RT97 was used to distinguish between the L (light, neurofilament-rich) and the SD (small dark, neurofilament-poor) neuronal somata. 2. Neurons were classified as C neurons (CV less than 1.3 m/s), C/A delta neurons (1.3-2 m/s), A delta neurons (2-12 m/s) or A alpha/beta neurons (greater than 12 m/s). 3. All A-fibre somata were RT97 positive (L) and all C-fibre somata were RT97 negative (SD), although in the C/A delta group both positive and negative neurons were seen. Thus, RT97-negative somata had C (unmyelinated) or C/A delta fibres, while RT97-positive somata had A (myelinated) or C/A delta fibres. 4. The size distributions of A neurons and C neurons were consistent with their classification as L- and SD-cell neurons respectively. The size distribution of A delta cells was skewed with a peak of small cells and a tail of medium-sized cells. 5. There was a loose positive correlation between cell size and fibre CV. 6. RT97 intensity was positively correlated with CV if all neurons were considered together, but no correlation was seen within the C, A delta or A alpha/beta CV groups. 7. RT97 intensity was positively correlated with cell size when all neurons were considered together. Although no correlation was seen within the C or the A delta CV groups, a clear positive correlation was seen for A alpha/beta neurons. 8. The relationship of RT97 intensity to cell size was not demonstrably altered by axotomy, time in vitro or the presence of intracellular dye in control experiments. 9. RT97-negative and -positive neurons could be seen in neonatal rat ganglia. Their size distributions resembled, respectively, the SD- and L-neuron populations at this age. RT97 immunoreactivity may therefore be a useful predictor of the cell type and myelinated state which a sensory cell is destined to reach in the adult rat.
Room temperature deposited oxide p-n junction using p-type zinc-cobalt-oxide (2010)

Oxide semiconductors are attractive materials for thin-film electronics and optoelectronics due to compatibility with synthesis on large-area, inexpensive glass and flexible plastic substrate. However, development of thin-film electronics has been hampered by the limited number of semiconducting oxides that are p-type. Here, we report on the properties of zinc-cobalt-oxide (Zn–Co–O) films, deposited at room temperature using pulsed laser deposition, that exhibit p-type conduction. Films are deposited at room temperature in a background of oxygen using a polycrystalline ZnCo2O4 ablation target. The p-type conduction is confirmed by positive Seebeck coefficient and positive Hall coefficient. Both electrical resistivity and carrier density are dependent on oxygen background pressure used during deposition. Zn–Co–O films deposited in 50 mTorr oxygen pressure appear to be amorphous based on x-ray diffraction, and show an electrical conductivity as high as 21 S cm−1. Distinct rectifying current-voltage characteristics are observed for junctions between Zn–Co–O and n-type InGaZnO films, exhibiting a threshold voltage of ∼2.5 V. P-type Zn–Co–O appears promising for thin-film electronic device technology.
Comparative studies of ‘bile salts’. 14. Isolation from shark bile and partial synthesis of scymnol (1962)

Research Article| February 01 1962 Comparative studies of 'bile salts'. 14. Isolation from shark bile and partial synthesis of scymnol RJ BRIDGWATER; RJ BRIDGWATER Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar T BRIGGS; T BRIGGS Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar GAD HASLEWOOD GAD HASLEWOOD Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1962) 82 (2): 285–290. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0820285 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation RJ BRIDGWATER, T BRIGGS, GAD HASLEWOOD; Comparative studies of 'bile salts'. 14. Isolation from shark bile and partial synthesis of scymnol. Biochem J 1 February 1962; 82 (2): 285–290. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0820285 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1962 The Biochemical Society1962 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
The acoustic output of a marine vibrator (1996)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996The acoustic output of a marine vibratorAuthors: Leon WalkerGary PotterMike JenkersonJean‐Marc RodriguezLeon WalkerGeco‐Prakla, Gary PotterGeco‐Prakla, Mike JenkersonMobil Exploration and Producing Technical Center, and Jean‐Marc RodriguezTotal Research and Technology Centrehttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826485 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826485FiguresReferencesRelatedDetailsCited ByReferences11 February 2020Geophysical characterization and reliability testing of the APS marine vibratorMike Jenkerson, Andrew Feltham, Nick Henderson, Vladimir Nechayuk, Marc Girard, and AJ Cozzens27 August 2018 SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1996ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1996 Pages: 2106 publication data© 1996 Copyright © 1996 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 10 Feb 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Leon Walker, Gary Potter, Mike Jenkerson, and Jean‐Marc Rodriguez, (1996), "The acoustic output of a marine vibrator," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 17-20. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1826485 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Partitioning OWL Knowledge Bases for Parallel Reasoning (2014)

The ability to reason over large scale data and return responsive query results is widely seen as a critical step to achieving the Semantic Web vision. We describe an approach for partitioning OWL Lite datasets and then propose a strategy for parallel reasoning about concept instances and role instances on each partition. The partitions are designed such that each can be reasoned on independently to find answers to each query sub goal, and when the results are unioned together, a complete set of results are found for that sub goal. Our partitioning approach has a polynomial worst case time complexity in the size of the knowledge base. In our current implementation, we partition semantic web datasets and execute reasoning tasks on partitioned data in parallel on independent machines. We implement a master-slave architecture that distributes a given query to the slave processes on different machines. All slaves run in parallel, each performing sound and complete reasoning to execute each sub goal of its query on its own set of partitions. As a final step, master joins the results computed by the slaves. We study the impact of our parallel reasoning approach on query performance and show some promising results on LUBM data.
Electrochemically Controlled Hydrogen Bonding. <i>o</i>-Quinones as Simple Redox-Dependent Receptors for Arylureas (2000)

9,10-Phenanthrenequinone and acenaphthenequinone are shown to act as simple redox-dependent receptors toward aromatic ureas in CH(2)Cl(2) and DMF. Reduction of the o-quinones to their radical anions greatly increases the strength of hydrogen bonding between the quinone carbonyl oxygens and the urea N-hydrogens. This is detected by large positive shifts in the redox potential of the quinones with no change in electrochemical reversibility upon addition of urea guests. Cyclic voltammetric studies with a variety of possible guests show that the effect is quite selective. Only guests with two strong hydrogen donors, such as O-H bonds or amide N-H bonds, that are capable of simultaneously interacting with both carbonyl oxygens give large shifts in the redox potential of the quinones. The electronic character and conformational preference of the guest are also shown to significantly affect the magnitude of the observed potential shift. In the presence of strong proton donors the electrochemistry of the quinone becomes irreversible indicating that proton transfer has taken place. Experiments with compounds of different acidity show that the pK(a) of the protonated quinone radical is about 15 on the DMSO scale, >4 pK(a) units smaller than that of 1,3-diphenylurea. This is further proof that hydrogen bonding and not proton transfer is responsible for the large potential shifts observed with this and similar guests.
Attempts to modify ovum transport in women (1979)

Summary. The effect of various compounds upon ovum transport was investigated by comparing the location of the ovum in treated and untreated subjects between 24 and 120 h following the LH peak. The compounds were administered in the immediate post-ovulatory period. Methyl ergonovine and 15(S)15-methyl-prostaglandin F-2α were given at doses which stimulate human tubal contractility in vivo. Ergonovine maleate, also at a dose which stimulates tubal contractility, was given in conjunction with a βadrenergic agonist (Ritodrine) in order to prevent closure of the lumen in the narrow portions of the oviduct. Oestradiol-17β was given i.m. as a single dose of 5 mg. Utilizing overall recovery of ova, their segmental distribution within the Fallopian tube or their distribution between Fallopian tubes and uterus as the criteria for comparison between control and treatment groups, no evidence was obtained that any of the treatments accelerated transport. Oestradiol and Ritodrine should be tested at higher doses and an experimental design to disclose delayed transport should be used before concluding that these treatments have no effect upon ovum transport in women. The present results permit the conclusion that compounds which stimulate tubal contractility do not necessarily accelerate ovum transport. The implications of these findings for our current concepts on the physiology and pharmacology of ovum transport are discussed.
Neutral territory (2002)

Next week sees the 20th anniversary of the outbreak of the Falklands war. Phil Russell gives a personal account of nursing aboard SS Canberra
Neuroanatomy of language processing studied with functional MRI. (1997)

This article discusses recent data from functional magnetic resonance imaging (FMRI) studies of language. Although preliminary, these data suggest activation of the left prefrontal cortex across a variety of tasks, with less activation of posterior cortical areas known to play a role in language. Potential sources of error in functional imaging studies related to task subtraction techniques are briefly discussed. The semantic decision task used by the author and colleagues, which produces left lateralized activation of both prefrontal and temporoparietal areas, is presented in detail, and the activation pattern observed in these studies is discussed in the context of converging neuropsychological and positron emission tomography data. It is argued that superior temporal responses evoked by listening to speech represent sensory rather than language processes. The data bring into question the classical disconnection model of transcortical aphasia and confirm the participation of left prefrontal areas in comprehension. FMRI shows promise as an alternative to the intracarotid amobarbital test for language dominance.
Tissue-Autonomous Promotion of Palisade Cell Development by Phototropin 2 in<i>Arabidopsis</i>  (2011)

Light is an important environmental information source that plants use to modify their growth and development. Palisade parenchyma cells in leaves develop cylindrical shapes in response to blue light; however, the photosensory mechanism for this response has not been elucidated. In this study, we analyzed the palisade cell response in phototropin-deficient mutants. First, we found that two different light-sensing mechanisms contributed to the response in different proportions depending on the light intensity. One response observed under lower intensities of blue light was mediated exclusively by a blue light photoreceptor, phototropin 2 (PHOT2). Another response was elicited under higher intensities of light in a phototropin-independent manner. To determine the tissue in which PHOT2 perceives the light stimulus to regulate the response, green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged PHOT2 (P2G) was expressed under the control of tissue-specific promoters in the phot1 phot2 mutant background. The results revealed that the expression of P2G in the mesophyll, but not in the epidermis, promoted palisade cell development. Furthermore, a constitutively active C-terminal kinase fragment of PHOT2 fused to GFP (P2CG) promoted the development of cylindrical palisade cells in the proper direction without the directional cue provided by light. Hence, in response to blue light, PHOT2 promotes the development of cylindrical palisade cells along a predetermined axis in a tissue-autonomous manner.
Postproline cleaving enzyme: identification as serine protease using active site specific inhibitors (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPostproline cleaving enzyme: identification as serine protease using active site specific inhibitorsTadashi Yoshimoto, Ronald C. Orlowski, and Roderich WalterCite this: Biochemistry 1977, 16, 13, 2942–2948Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00632a022https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00632a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations71LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multimodality Imaging Following<sup>90</sup>Y Radioembolization: A Comprehensive Review and Pictorial Essay (2008)

Radioembolization with yttrium 90 (90Y) microspheres represents an emerging transarterial therapy for the treatment of liver malignancies that continues to generate interest in the medical community. The classic indication of treatment response is a reduction in tumor size; however, parenchymal changes (eg, necrosis, lack of enhancement, specific findings at positron emission tomography and functional magnetic resonance imaging) and other benign findings (pleural effusions, perivascular edema, contralateral hypertrophy, ring enhancement, perihepatic fluid, fibrosis) may occur following treatment, requiring proper image interpretation. With classic imaging findings and surrogates (time to progression, duration of response, disease-free interval), response rates range from 20% to 80% in patients treated for hepatocellular carcinoma or metastatic disease to the liver. Complications of 90Y radioembolization include cholecystitis, abscess, and bilomas and should be recognized early in the imaging follow-up of these patients. Radiologists who are involved in the posttreatment assessment of patients undergoing 90Y radioembolization should be familiar with the imaging findings and potential imaging pitfalls associated with this therapy.
X.—Omnipotence (1918)

Journal Article X.—Omnipotence Get access F. C. S. Schiller F. C. S. Schiller Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society, Volume 18, Issue 1, 1 June 1918, Pages 247–270, https://doi.org/10.1093/aristotelian/18.1.247 Published: 10 September 2015
Analysis on switching mechanism of graphene oxide resistive memory device (2011)

Recently, a flexible resistive switching memory device using graphene oxide was successfully demonstrated. In this work, the new findings on the switching mechanism of the graphene oxide memory are presented through a comprehensive study on the switching phenomena. It has been found that the switching operation of graphene oxide resistive switching memory (RRAM) is governed by dual mechanism of oxygen migration and Al diffusion. However, the Al diffusion into the graphene oxide is the main factor to determine the switching endurance property which limits the long term lifetime of the device. The electrode dependence on graphene oxide RRAM operation has been analyzed as well and is attributed to the difference in surface roughness of graphene oxide for the different bottom electrodes.
The chemistry of 4-mercaptoazetidin-2-ones. Part 3. Synthesis of 6-phenoxyacetamido-2-alkylidenepenam-3-carboxylic acids (1982)

A general method for the preparation of α-bromoallenic esters (2) involving the reaction of an acid chloride with a carboxybromomethylenetriphenylphosphorane has been developed. Reaction of these esters with the 4-mercaptoazetidin-2-one (1) gave rise to the 2-alkylidenepenam esters (3). The title compounds, obtained by hydrogenolysis of the corresponding benzyl esters, showed only moderate antibacterial properties.
On the modeling of conductor and substrate losses in multiconductor, multidielectric transmission line systems (1991)

Most models used for the analysis of lossy, multiconductor, multidielectric transmission line systems (MCMDTLSs) are noncausal and fail to accurately predict the signal distortion on practical printed circuits. The authors review the method of analysis and assumptions made in these models and present more accurate models. The authors solve for the time-domain response of a single, lossy, perfectly matched conductor above a ground plane and immersed in a perfect dielectric, assuming transverse electromagnetic (TEM) propagation. The authors also solve for the same line, except that the line is assumed to be perfect while the dielectric is lossy. The TEM mode propagates in such lines and no errors result from this assumption. A brief generalization to MCMDTLSs is described to illustrate the theory, and numerical examples are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>