gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Listeria monocytogenes (1991)

Abstract Listeria monocytogenes, one of the "new enemies" in food microbiology, is a human and animal pathogen that is widespread in nature. The organism Is a transient constituent of the Intestinal flora excreted by 1-10% of healthy humans. It is an extremely hardy organism and can survive for many years in the cold In naturally Infected sources. L monocytogenes has been Isolated from a wide variety of foods, including dairy products, meats, and fish. Although most of the foodborne listeriosis outbreaks have been linked to the consumption of dairy products, recent sporadic cases have been associated with meats, as well as other foods. It is now recognized that listeriolysln 0, a 60-kilodalton protein, is one of the major virulence factors of the organism. All strains of L monocytogenes are pathogenic by definition although some appear to be more virulent than others. There have been recent reports of hemolytic isolates of L monocytogenes, which are nonpathogenic for mice. Attachment to and penetration of cells also appear to be prerequisites for human infection. Cultural methodology for isolating the organism from foods has been in a state of flux since 1985. Rapid methods using both ELISA and DNA technology have been developed. Because of the widespread nature of the organism, it Is nearly Impossible to eliminate it from the food supply. However, by using a hazard analysis-critical control point approach, the health hazard associated with this organism can be reduced to a minimum.
Polynuclear hydrocarbons in tobacco and tobacco smoke. Part III. The inhibition of the formation of 3:4-benzopyrene in cigarette smoke (1960)

H. R. Bentley and J. G. Burgan, Analyst, 1960, 85, 727 DOI: 10.1039/AN9608500727
The effects of the pink-eyed unstable gene on the retinal pigment epithelium of the mouse (1983)

Pink-eyed unstable (pun), an autosomal gene in the mouse, causes variegation of the coat. In some melanocytes it functions as the normal allele p+, producing dark pigment, and in others as the mutant p, producing light pigment. As a study of another unstable gene at a different locus had shown that the instability was strongly influenced by the tissue environment, it seemed desirable to find out whether this also applied to pun. An examination of the retinal pigment epithelium, the only structure in mammals in which it is practicable to determine the position of individual melanocytes, showed that the distribution of dark and light cells in pun pun animals was not random. The dark cells increased in frequency with the distance from the optic nerve, suggesting that the tissue environment was a factor in the instability of the gene (i.e. in its rate of mutation), although the increase was less striking than in the other mutant. It is generally assumed that when pun behaves as p+ it is a case of reversion, and that reversion can also occur in germ cells, the revertant p+ allele subsequently behaving as a stable gene. It is here argued that it is unlikely to be a case of reversion, and that the evidence for the involvement of the germ line is inconclusive. Further, it is suggested that the phenotype of pun pun animals is probably an instance of Position Effect variegation, the instability resulting from some chromosomal alteration, which is too small to be cytologically detectable.
A novel approach to perform circuit verification using spans (2002)

This paper presents a novel approach to perform circuit verification, particularly Design Rule Checking (DRC), using a data structure based on maximally-horizontal layout regions termed spans. The paper also discusses the characteristics required by a data structure to properly support different tasks such as graphics editing, design rule checking and circuit extraction. Most of the basic and primitive operations, necessary to support design rule checking on a circuit using a layout representation based on spans, are presented and special attention is paid to the solution of the difficult test of 45 degrees width (and also spacing) violation.
REP1, a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein, Is Required for a Branch Pathway of Phytochrome A Signaling in Arabidopsis (2000)

Moon-Soo Soh, Young-Mi Kim, Sang-Jo Han, Pill-Soon Song, REP1, a Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Protein, Is Required for a Branch Pathway of Phytochrome A Signaling in Arabidopsis, The Plant Cell, Vol. 12, No. 11 (Nov., 2000), pp. 2061-2073
Cyclodextrin-based hydrogels toward improved wound dressings (2013)

Optimal wound dressings should be capable of mechanical wound protection and also facilitate the healing process via maintenance of suitable environmental conditions and the controlled delivery of bioactive molecules. Hydrogels present suitable properties for wound-dressing applications such as good biocompatibility, together with a high water content, the latter of which is important for the maintenance of a moist environment and ready removal from the wound with a minimal level of associated pain. However, their properties as drug delivery systems can be improved by the use of cyclodextrins as cross-linking agents. Cyclodextrins have been extensively used as "carriers" on food, textile, cosmetic and, most especially, in the pharmaceutical industry in view of their powerful complexation abilities and biocompatibilities, together with further desirable characteristics. The conjugation of cyclodextrins with hydrogels may allow the achievement of an optimal wound-dressing material, because the hydrogel component will maintain the moist environment required for the healing process, and the cyclodextrin moiety has the ability to protect and modulate the release of bioactive molecules. Therefore, this review aims to gather information regarding cyclodextrin-based hydrogels for possible wound-dressing applications.
Telomere Attrition in Cancer Cells and Telomere Length in Tumor Stroma Cells Predict Chromosome Instability in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Genome-Wide Analysis (2009)

Previous studies showed that chromosomal instability was common in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC); however, the mechanisms underlying this instability are unknown. Individuals with deficiencies in telomere maintenance are susceptible to enhanced telomere loss during cell proliferation; such deficiencies could result in telomere dysfunction and genomic instability. We investigated the association between genome-wide chromosomal changes in cancer cells and telomere length/attrition in cancer/stroma cells in 47 ESCC patients. Genome-wide detection of loss of heterozygosity was performed using the Affymetrix GeneChip single nucleotide polymorphism arrays. Telomere length was assessed separately for cancer cells, carcinoma-associated fibroblasts (CAF), infiltrative lymphocytes, and adjacent normal epithelial cells by quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization using paraffin-embedded sections. Telomere length differed significantly among cell types, such that length in infiltrative lymphocytes > CAFs > cancer cells. Shortened telomeres were observed in cancer cells in 44 of 47 (94%) of the tumors examined. Telomere length in CAFs was significantly associated with chromosomal instability on 4q and 13q and lymphocyte telomere length was significantly associated with instability on chromosomal arms 15q. Although telomere length in cancer cells was not associated with chromosome arm instability, telomere attrition in cancer cells, defined as the telomere length in CAFs minus the telomere length in cancer cells, was significantly associated with chromosomal instability on 13q and 15q. This study provides evidence that telomere shortening is a common genetic alteration in ESCC and that chromosome arm instability is related to both telomere attrition in cancer cells and telomere length in tumor stroma cells.
Dynamic load balancing in distributed multimedia systems (2002)

This paper proposes dynamic media partition which performs load-balancing of the respective server and network for continuous multimedia information (such as audio and video). The proposed method is capable of efficiently using the servers and network by reserving the bandwidths of the transmission lines between a client and servers on the network, monitoring the load on each server, and effectively partitioning continuous multimedia information.
Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharide Structure Predicts Serotype Prevalence (2009)

There are 91 known capsular serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The nasopharyngeal carriage prevalence of particular serotypes is relatively stable worldwide, but the host and bacterial factors that maintain these patterns are poorly understood. Given the possibility of serotype replacement following vaccination against seven clinically important serotypes, it is increasingly important to understand these factors. We hypothesized that the biochemical structure of the capsular polysaccharides could influence the degree of encapsulation of different serotypes, their susceptibility to killing by neutrophils, and ultimately their success during nasopharyngeal carriage. We sought to measure biological differences among capsular serotypes that may account for epidemiological patterns. Using an in vitro assay with both isogenic capsule-switch variants and clinical carriage isolates, we found an association between increased carriage prevalence and resistance to non-opsonic neutrophil-mediated killing, and serotypes that were resistant to neutrophil-mediated killing tended to be more heavily encapsulated, as determined by FITC-dextran exclusion. Next, we identified a link between polysaccharide structure and carriage prevalence. Significantly, non-vaccine serotypes that have become common in vaccinated populations tend to be those with fewer carbons per repeat unit and low energy expended per repeat unit, suggesting a novel biological principle to explain patterns of serotype replacement. More prevalent serotypes are more heavily encapsulated and more resistant to neutrophil-mediated killing, and these phenotypes are associated with the structure of the capsular polysaccharide, suggesting a direct relationship between polysaccharide biochemistry and the success of a serotype during nasopharyngeal carriage and potentially providing a method for predicting serotype replacement.
Evaluation of squeeze-induced somnolence in neonatal foals (2012)

In neonatal foals, the evaluated form of restraint resulted in a decrease in heart and respiratory rates and rectal temperature. Squeeze-induced somnolence may resemble the effects of compression of the fetus in the birth canal and lead to inhibition of voluntary activity. Use of this technique to safely restrain neonatal foals during minor procedures warrants further evaluation.
TopBlend: An Efficient Implementation of HtmlDiff in Java (2000)

The World Wide Web is growing rapidly with new and changing web content. Detecting changes in web pages is crucial for website masters who care about website integrity. It is also convenient for web surfers who are constantly looking for new products, services, or information. This paper describes TopBlend, a new HTML differencing tool implemented in Java. TopBlend uses the fast Jacobson-Vo algorithm, which solves the Heaviest Common Subsequence problem, for page comparison. Performance results indicate that TopBlend significantly outperforms a previous HTML differencing tool in most time-consuming jobs, often by 1-2 orders of magnitude. TopBlend allows comparisons to be performed either on the server or client side, and can present the results in either a merged HTML view or a more convenient side-by-side view for web pages with complex graphics designs.
Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Selective Adhesion and the Stabilization of Long-Term Potentiation: Pharmacological Studies and the Characterization of a Candidate Matrix Receptor (1997)

Peptides known to block the extracellular interactions of adhesion receptors belonging to a subclass of the integrin family were tested for their effects on the stabilization of long-term potentiation (LTP) in hippocampal slices. Theta burst stimulation delivered after infusions of Gly-Ala-Val-Ser-Thr-Ala (GAVSTA) resulted in a potentiation effect that decayed steadily over a period of 40 min; LTP elicited in the presence of inactive control peptides remained stable over this time period. GAVSTA had no detectible influence on baseline responses, induction processes, or the initial degree of potentiation. Infusions of integrin antagonists after application of theta bursts also resulted in the occurrence of a decremental form of LTP. Affinity chromatography was then used in an effort to identify targets of the structurally dissimilar integrin blockers that disrupt LTP stabilization. Both integrin antagonists Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro and GAVSTA eluted a major species of 55 kDa (synaptegrin-1) from GRGDSP-affinity columns that had been loaded with solubilized synaptic membranes; lesser concentrations of three polypeptides of approximately 20, 27, and 30 kDa were also collected. Synaptegrin-1 was labeled by antibodies to the RGDS-binding integrin alpha5beta1. In addition, the synaptegrin, as well as the 27 kDa, protein was found to copurify with pre- and postsynaptic markers during the isolation of forebrain synaptosomes. These results indicate that a matrix recognition event occurring several minutes after induction of LTP is a necessary step in the stabilization of potentiated synapses; they also identify an integrin-like matrix receptor of 55 kDa that may contribute to this event.
Design science in information systems research (2004)

Two paradigms characterize much of the research in the Information Systems discipline: behavioral science and design science. The behavioral-science paradigm seeks to develop and verify theories that explain or predict human or organizational behavior. The design-science paradigm seeks to extend the boundaries of human and organizational capabilities by creating new and innovative artifacts. Both paradigms are foundational to the IS discipline, positioned as it is at the confluence of people, organizations, and technology. Our objective is to describe the performance of design-science research in Information Systems via a concise conceptual framework and clear guidelines for understanding, executing, and evaluating the research. In the design-science paradigm, knowledge and understanding of a problem domain and its solution are achieved in the building and application of the designed artifact. Three recent exemplars in the research literature are used to demonstrate the application of these guidelines. We conclude with an analysis of the challenges of performing high-quality design-science research in the context of the broader IS community.
Fellows v. Office of Water Commission for the Perry v. Beattie Decree (2013)

The issue of whether two adjoining bodies of water are connected in such a way that a change in flow in one will affect the flow in the other is a complex question. In Fellows v. Office of Water Commission for the Perry v. Beattie Decree, the Montana Supreme Court decided it is possible for two waterways to be hydrologically interconnected in a way that affects water rights holders on the two waterways.
Inspection performances of the electron beam inspection system based on projection electron microscopy (2004)

The production prototype of an electron beam inspection system based on projection electron microscopy (EBI-PEM) has been developed. Inspection performances of the EBI-PEM were evaluated using the programmed defect standard wafer delivered by SELETE. We confirmed the EBI-PEM had the same inspection speed, 9 cm<sup>2</sup>/h, as the conventional electron beam inspection system based on scanning electron microscopy (EBI-SEM) under the following conditions: pixel size of 50 nm and defect capture rate of more than 80%. Furthermore, the EBI-PEM achieved an inspection speed of 36 cm<sup>2</sup>/h. This inspection speed is four times higher than that of the EBI-SEM. The EBI-PEM would be an effective tool for inspection subsequent to the 90 nm technology node generation.
An inactivated Vero cell-grown Japanese encephalitis vaccine formulated with Advax, a novel inulin-based adjuvant, induces protective neutralizing antibody against homologous and heterologous flaviviruses (2010)

Advax is a polysaccharide-based adjuvant that potently stimulates vaccine immunogenicity without the increased reactogenicity seen with other adjuvants. This study investigated the immunogenicity of a novel Advax-adjuvanted Vero cell culture candidate vaccine against Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) in mice and horses. The results showed that, in mice, a two-immunization, low-dose (50 ng JEV antigen) regimen with adjuvanted vaccine produced solid neutralizing immunity comparable to that elicited with live ChimeriVax-JE immunization and superior to that elicited with tenfold higher doses of a traditional non-adjuvanted JEV vaccine (JE-VAX; Biken Institute) or a newly approved alum-adjuvanted vaccine (Jespect; Novartis). Mice vaccinated with the Advax-adjuvanted, but not the unadjuvanted vaccine, were protected against live JEV challenge. Equine immunizations against JEV with Advax-formulated vaccine similarly showed enhanced vaccine immunogenicity, confirming that the adjuvant effects of Advax are not restricted to rodent models. Advax-adjuvanted JEV vaccine elicited a balanced T-helper 1 (Th1)/Th2 immune response against JEV with protective levels of cross-neutralizing antibody against other viruses belonging to the JEV serocomplex, including Murray Valley encephalitis virus (MVEV). The adjuvanted JEV vaccine was well tolerated with minimal reactogenicity and no systemic toxicity in immunized animals. The cessation of manufacture of traditional mouse brain-derived unadjuvanted JEV vaccine in Japan has resulted in a JEV vaccine shortage internationally. There is also an ongoing lack of human vaccines against other JEV serocomplex flaviviruses, such as MVEV, making this adjuvanted, cell culture-grown JEV vaccine a promising candidate to address both needs with one vaccine.
THE RELATIONSHIP AMONG LEARNING SCHOOLS & COMPANIES: ACHALLENGE OF THE KNOWLEDGE SOCIETY (2008)

The technological progress and the globalization are
					causing in the modern society an intense relationship between
					business organizations and education entities. In this article a
					link is drawn between the education system and a new vision of the
					Learning Organizations. The objective is to explore the challenges
					to be faced and the risks of these transformations. The approach
					includes the model of conception of the teaching and a new profile
					to assist to the need of the new professional's of the future
					formation: The Learning Professional. After the analysis of all of
					the aspects it was ended that the schools should carry the largest
					bale of that transformation, the companies need inside to plan the
					future and to invest heavy in education to guarantee his own
					competitiveness in the globalization world.
A Family of Fatty Acid Binding Receptors (2005)

The family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) serves as the target for almost a third of currently marketed drugs, and provides the predominant mechanism through which extracellular factors transmit signals to the cell. The discovery of GPCRs with no known ligand has initiated a frenzy of research, with the aim of elucidating the physiological ligands for these "orphan" receptors and revealing new drug targets. The GPR40 family of receptors, tandemly located on chromosome 19q13.1, exhibit 30-40% homology to one another and diverse tissue distribution, yet all are activated by fatty acids. Since agonists of GPR40 are medium to longchain fatty acids and those for GPR41 and 43 are short-chain fatty acids, the family clearly provides an intriguing example of how the ligand specificity, patterns of expression, and function of GPCRs can diverge through evolution. Here we summarize the identification, structure, and pharmacology of the receptors and speculate on the respective physiological roles that the GPR40 family members may play.
Post-Fabrication Electrical Trimming of Silicon Bulk Acoustic Resonators using Joule Heating (2009)

This paper presents a new method to electrically trim the resonance frequency of a Silicon Bulk Acoustic Resonator (SiBAR) post fabrication. Width-extensional mode silicon resonators are heated by passing a current through their resonating elements. This causes a mass loading gold pattern to diffuse into the bulk of the resonator. Upon cooling, the gold diffusion increases the stiffness of the resonating structure slightly, which reflects as an upward shift in resonance frequency. Thus, silicon resonators can be permanently trimmed to a desired frequency value by an electrical calibration step. As a proof of concept, an upward frequency shift of 240 kHz is demonstrated for a 40% mass loaded 100 MHz SiBAR after one hour of Joule heating with 30 mA of DC current.
Effects of extending the duration of postgrafting immunosuppression and substituting granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells for marrow in allogeneic engraftment in a nonmyeloablative canine transplantation model (2001)

Stable mixed donor/host hematopoietic chimerism was uniformly achieved in dogs given 200 cGy total body irradiation (TBI) before and immunosuppression with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) for 28 days and cyclosporine (CSP) for 35 days after transplantation of marrow from dog leukocyte antigen-identical littermates. When the TBI dose was lowered to 100 cGy, donor marrow engraftment in 6 dogs was only transient, lasting 3 to 12 weeks. In this study, we asked whether stable engraftment in this model could be achieved: (1) by substituting recombinant canine granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor-mobilized peripheral blood mononuclear cells (G-PBMCs) for marrow and (2) by extending CSP administration from 35 to 100 days. Eighteen dogs were given G-PBMC grafts and MMF for 28 days. Eight of the 18 dogs received CSP for 35 days and 10 for 100 days. We found that substituting G-PBMCs for marrow did not increase the incidence of stable allogeneic engraftment (P = .11). However, increasing the duration of posttransplantation immunosuppression with CSP from 35 to 100 days favorably influenced stable donor engraftment (P = .06).
High strength materials (1967)

Summary The breaking strength of a real solid is not determined directly by the interatomic forces but by the properties of the imperfections that the solid contains. To be very strong a solid must resist both pltlstic yielding and brittle cracking. One material cannot normally resist both types of failure. Strong metals are designed to resist plastic yielding. Modern strong composite materials can be devised, in which brittle substances are used and a fibrous microstructure designed to arrest crack propagation.