gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward a Robust Estimation of Respiratory Rate From Pulse Oximeters (2016)

This work demonstrates that the use of large publicly available datasets is essential for improving the robustness of wearable-monitoring algorithms for use in clinical practice.
Prospective Case-Control Study of Serum Mullerian Inhibiting Substance and Breast Cancer Risk (2009)

MIS may be a novel biomarker of increased breast cancer risk. Additional research including confirmatory epidemiological studies and mechanistic studies is needed.
The Growing World of Expansins (2002)

Expansins are cell wall proteins that induce pH-dependent wall extension and stress relaxation in a characteristic and unique manner. Two families of expansins are known, named alpha- and beta-expansins, and they comprise large multigene families whose members show diverse organ-, tissue- and cell-specific expression patterns. Other genes that bear distant sequence similarity to expansins are also represented in the sequence databases, but their biological and biochemical functions have not yet been uncovered. Expansin appears to weaken glucan-glucan binding, but its detailed mechanism of action is not well established. The biological roles of expansins are diverse, but can be related to the action of expansins to loosen cell walls, for example during cell enlargement, fruit softening, pollen tube and root hair growth, and abscission. Expansin-like proteins have also been identified in bacteria and fungi, where they may aid microbial invasion of the plant body.
Advanced Airspace Concept (2002)

A general overview of the Advanced Airspace Concept (AAC) is presented. The topics include: 1) Limitations of the existing system; 2) The Advanced Airspace Concept; 3) Candidate architecture for the AAC; 4) Separation assurance and conflict avoidance system (TSAFE); and 5) Ground-Air Interactions. This paper is in viewgraph form.
UPC Scanner Pricing Systems: Are They Accurate? (1994)

The author empirically examines the efficiency of scanner checkout systems by calculating the rates of underrings and overrings occurring in stores employing scanner systems. Actual purchases were used to calculate error rates across three shopping trips to each of 15 stores. The results reveal that both underring and overring rates are significantly higher than retailers’ expectations. Though these rates are equivalent across regular-priced purchases, they systematically favor the retailer for purchases of advertised specials and items on end-of-aisle displays. The author discusses the implications of these findings for retailers, consumers, researchers, and public policymakers.
ErbB2 overexpression correlates with increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factors A, C, and D in human breast carcinoma (2002)

Our study suggests that expression of the angiogenic and lymphangiogenic factors (i.e., VEGFs) might be regulated at least in part by ErbB2. In addition, the combination of VEGF-A and VEGF-C status may better predict prognosis of patients with breast carcinoma than VEGF-A alone.
Hyperpolarization Methods for MRS (2015)

© 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. This article covers the fundamental principles and practice of NMR hyperpolarization techniques, which are proving useful for in vivo magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies of metabolism in animal models, and clinical trials with hyper-enhanced sensitivity. Fundamentally, hyperpolarization methods enhance nuclear spin polarization by orders-of-magnitude, resulting in concomitant improvement in NMR detection sensitivity. The hyperpolarization methods described here - dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP), para-hydrogen induced polarization (PHIP), signal amplification by reversible exchange (SABRE), and spin-exchange optical pumping (SEOP) - are capable of achieving nuclear spin polarization approaching the theoretical maximum of unity on nuclear spin sites of molecular or atomic agents suitable for in vivo administration. Importantly, hyperpolarization is inherently nonequilibrium in nature: The duration of the hyperpolarization is frequently shortlived, often being limited by the in vivo spin-lattice relaxation times (T 1) that are on the order of seconds to a minute. Nevertheless, sufficient amounts of nuclear spin polarization can survive the process of preparation, administration, and in vivo circulation to provide extraordinary enhancement of the hyperpolarized agent. The chemical shift dispersion of these agents at the molecular location of interest reports on functional, metabolic, and other processes at the molecular level, enabling true molecular MRS imaging.
Global Burden of Aflatoxin-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Risk Assessment (2010)

Aflatoxin may play a causative role in 4.6-28.2% of all global HCC cases.
[A case of malignant peritoneal mesothelioma successfully treated with carboplatin and paclitaxel]. (2006)

A 71-year-old woman was seen at our hospital because of abdominal fullness and dyspnea. Examinations revealed a tumor in the pelvis with fluid collection and dissemination was seen in the abdomen and chest. Moreover, hyaluronate in ascites rose to 20,000 mg/dl. Finally, by cytology of ascites using immunohistochemistry, the patient was diagnosed as malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with disseminations in the abdomen and chest. After intraperitoneal administration of 25 mg of cisplatin (CDDP), we started carboplatin (CBDCA) plus paclitaxel (PTX) combination chemotherapy (each treatment course consisted of 100 mg of PTX and 400 mg of CBDCA on day 1 and PTX 100 mg on day 8 and day 15 by intravenous administration followed by 2 drug-free weeks). After the sixth course, a complete remission was observed. Malignant mesothelioma is known to have a poor prognosis. However, we successfully treated malignant peritoneal mesothelioma with CBDCA and PTX combined chemotherapy. Our case suggests that we could improve the prognosis of malignant mesothelioma by aggressive chemotherapy.
Creatine Kinase: Stability, Inactivation, Reactivation (1977)

I determined the in vitro biological half-lives or decay constants for creatine kinase isoenzymes at various temperatures. Values at 37 degrees C are consistent with values reported by others in vivo, which suggests that in vivo irreversible inactivation is primarily thermal. Reversible inactivation appears to be an oxidation-reduction phenomenon. Proteins and some inactivators (urate, catecholamines) retard irreversible inactivation and preserve isoenzyme integrity. Dilution and thiols promote reversal of inactivity. Mercaptoethanol is the preferred thiol, particularly for storage and reactivation of isoenzyme MB. MB is sensitive to light and to freeze-thawing. I recommend that specimens be cooled promptly after drawing, that mercaptoethanol (10 mmol/liter) be added, and that they be stored refrigerated. Avoid prolonged exposure to light and freezing. A model of inactivation is proposed, which is based on the assumed existence of four monomer types: active, denatured, oxidized, and insulated. The model is consistent with dilution and thiol reactivation, lag phase variations, and subtype heterogeneity.
Modeling of activity landscapes for drug discovery (2012)

AL modeling has substantially extended conventional ways to study SARs. The AL concept is inseparable from the notion of activity cliffs that are of high interest in SAR analysis. AL design is an area of active research at the interface between chemoinformatics and medicinal chemistry with potential for further growth. Special emphasis must be put on increasing the usability of AL models for practicing medicinal chemists.
Mechanistic Modeling of Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer Floods (2008)

Abstract Alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP) flooding is of increasing interest and importance due to high oil prices and the need to increase oil production. The benefits of combining alkali with surfactant are well established. The alkali has very important benefits such as lowering interfacial tension and reducing adsorption of anionic surfactants that decrease costs and make ASP a very attractive enhanced oil recovery method provided the consumption is not too large and the alkali can be propagated at the same rate as the synthetic surfactant and polymer. However, the process is complex so it is important that new candidates for ASP be selected taking into account the numerous chemical reactions that occur in the reservoir. The reaction of acid and alkali to generate soap and its subsequent effect on phase behavior is the most crucial for crude oils containing naphtenic acids. Mechanistic simulation of the ASP flood considering the chemical reactions, alkali consumption, and soap generation and the effect on the phase behavior is the key to success of future field operations. Using numerical models, the process can be designed and optimized to ensure the proper propagation of alkali and effective soap and surfactant concentrations to promote low interfacial tension and a favorable salinity gradient. In this paper, we describe the ASP module of UTCHEM simulator with particular attention to phase behavior and the effect of soap on optimum salinity and solubilization ratio. Phase behavior data are presented for sodium carbonate and a blend of surfactants with an acidic crude oil that followed the conventional Winsor phase transition with significant three-phase regions even at low surfactant concentrations. The solubilization data at different oil concentrations were successfully modeled using Hand's rule. Optimum salinity and solubilization ratio were correlated with soap mole fractions using mixing rules. ASP coreflood results were successfully modeled taking into account the aqueous reactions, alkali/rock interactions, and phase behavior of soap and surfactant. Mechanistic simulations give insights into the propagation of alkali, soap, and surfactant in the core and aid in future coreflood and field scale ASP designs.
Potential Contribution of NF-κB in Neuronal Cell Death in the Glutathione Peroxidase-1 Knockout Mouse in Response to Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2006)

NF-kappaB is upregulated in the Gpx1(-/-) mouse, and this upregulation contributes to the increased cell death seen in the Gpx1(-/-) after MCAO. The activation of NF-kappaB may increase the expression of downstream target genes that are involved in the progression of neural injury after MCAO.
The effects of plating current and rotation speed on the microstructural properties of electrochemical plated Cu films (2016)

The microstructures of electrochemical plated (ECP) Cu films are investigated by various plating current and the rotation speed of wafer. Decreasing plating current increases the impurity concentration in an ECP Cu film. The impurity content is also raised by elevating the rotation speed of wafer. The grain size and texture behavior of an ECP Cu film is affected by the impurity concentration and distribution.
Ultraviolet-Curing Mechanism of Porous-SiOC (2007)

Utilizing the structure of porous SiOC determined in our previous study, we investigated a mechanism for improving the properties of porous SiOC film by ultraviolet irradiation (UV curing). The generation of a Si–O–Si cross link from an OH group and its adjacent CH3 group is the primary process in UV curing. This cross-link generation enhances mechanical strength of the material and lowers the dielectric constant. Decrease in the number of CH3 groups and increase in the number of Si–H bonds, both due to UV curing, cause slight increases in mass density and dielectric constant of the film.
Fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone)s bearing pentafluorostyrene moieties prepared by a modified polycondensation (2002)

Abstract The polycondensation of decafluorobenzophenone with hexafluorobisphenol A was modified by the addition of a molecular sieve dehydrating apparatus to the refluxing reaction system. This modification promoted the polymerization and enabled the reactions to be conducted in milder conditions and completed in a shorter time, thereby depressing side reactions such as branching and crosslinking. The resulting fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (FPAEK) were free of gel particles and possessed the designed molecular weights. This modified procedure was also suitable for introducing crosslinkable pentafluorostyrene (FSt) moieties into the polymers at the chain ends and/or inside the chain with the vinyl group of FSt being pendant. The resulting FSt containing fluorinated poly(arylene ether ketone)s (FPAEK‐FSt) can then be thermally crosslinked at 100 °C in the presence of 1% benzoyl peroxide (BPO) or at 250 °C without any initiator. The glass‐transition temperatures ( T g 's) of FPAEK increased with increasing molecular weight and leveled off at about 147 °C for the polymer with a number‐average molecular weight of 18,600 Da, whereas the values were not apparently affected by the addition of FSt units. However, crosslinking of the FPAEK‐FSt resulted in an approximate 30 °C increase of the T g . Spin‐coating FPAEK‐FSt onto silicon wafers followed by crosslinking gave films with excellent thermal stability, physical strength, and adhesion to the substrate as well as good reproducibility in terms of film preparation and optical properties. The refractive index and birefringence of the films measured at a wavelength of 1.55 μm were 1.502 and 2.5 × 10 −3 , respectively. © 2002 Government of Canada. Exclusive worldwide publication rights in the article have been transferred to Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 40: 4205–4216, 2002
Thin film phosphor screens on fiber optic faceplates (1990)

Cathodoluminescent phosphor screens are commonly used in display devices such as CRT's and image intensifiers. Conventional methods of fabricating such screens involve the physical deposition of phosphor powder on an appropriate substrate, such as clear glass. In addition, high resolution display devices are now utilizing thin powder layers on fiber optic faceplates, greatly enhancing their resolution capabilities. At present, a typical resolution achievable with powder screens on fiber optic faceplates is approximately 50 lp/mm, or about 10 X 10 micron pixel size, and is primarily limited by the faceplate resolution. However, as the ultimate resolution of fiber optic faceplates is improved (i.e., as the fiber diameters are reduced), phosphor powder particle size and thickness will also have to be reduced to maintain high overall screen resolution. For example, in order to achieve a 1 micron resolution, a phosphor screen 1 micron thick would be required with 1 micron diameter or less particle size. However, it is not likely that current screen manufacturing technologies can readily achieve the desired particle size, thickness, and uniformity requirements to further improve resolution.
History Matching With Cumulative Production Data (1990)

Summary A measurement-error model is formulated and an appropriate weighted-least-squares (WLS) performance index is developed for history matching with cumulative production data. This performance index provides more accurate estimates of the unknown reservoir properties than the usual ordinary-least-squares (OLS) performance index. Introduction The use of numerical reservoir simulators to predict well performance is an important acid well-established process in reservoir engineering. The reliability of these predictions is limited by the accuracy with which the input reservoir properties are determined. The reservoir properties can be estimated by history matching measured pressure or production data, whereby parameters in a numerical reservoir simulator are adjusted so that the resulting calculated quantities m some sense match the measured data. These adjustments can be made with automatic history-matching algorithms. Most automatic history-matching algorithms determine parameter estimates that minimize an OLS performance index given by the sum of squared differences between the measured data and the corresponding values calculated with the reservoir simulator. Knowledge of the data-measurement process, however, can be used to develop a WLS performance index that may provide more accurate estimates of the reservoir properties. In this paper, we formulate a measurement-error model and develop a WLS performance index appropriate for history matching with cumulative production data. Residual analysis is introduced as a means for checking the validity of the measurement-error model, and two useful tests are presented for analyzing history-matching residuals. Background Two key steps are involved in obtaining accurate estimates of reservoir properties from history matching measured pressure or production data. The first step is to select an appropriate reservoir model for describing the physical process. The reservoir model need not describe the process exactly, but it is desirable that the differences between measured and calculated quantities (for an appropriate set of reservoir parameters) be reasonably described as random error. (The problem of model selection is considered elsewhere I and is not discussed in detail here.) The second step is to estimate unknown parameters (i.e., reservoir rock properties) within the reservoir model by minimizing an appropriate performance index so that the resulting parameter estimates are, statistically, the best estimates for the unknown reservoir properties.
Prevention of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Development Associated with Chronic Hepatitis by Anti-Fas Ligand Antibody Therapy (2002)

A persistent immune response to hepatitis viruses is a well-recognized risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma. However, the molecular and cellular basis for the procarcinogenic potential of the immune response is not well defined. Here, using a unique animal model of chronic hepatitis that induces hepatocellular carcinogenesis, we demonstrate that neutralization of the activity of Fas ligand prevented hepatocyte apoptosis, proliferation, liver inflammation, and the eventual development of hepatocellular carcinoma. The results indicate that Fas ligand is involved not only in direct hepatocyte killing but also in the process of inflammation and hepatocellular carcinogenesis in chronic hepatitis. This is the first demonstration that amelioration of chronic inflammation by some treatment actually caused reduction of cancer development.
BEHAVIOUR OF THE "CAZALY HANGER" SUBJECTED TO VERTICAL LOADING (1968)

This paper describes the initial results of a continuing program of research and testing of precast concrete connections conducted at the University of Toronto in co-operation with the Canadian Prestressed Concrete Institute. The purpose of the project was to study the full range of behaviour of the Cazaly hanger connection. A typical beam to column connection is shown in Fig. 1. The Cazaly hanger consists of three components: a cantilevered top bar which supports the unit containing the hanger; a strap which transfers the vertical load to the bottom of the unit and which, in prestressed members, also serves as anchorage zone reinforcement; and top and bottom anchorage dowels. The basic function of the top dowels is to transfer any horizontal force that acts on the connection. Since this first phase of the program considered the effect of vertical loads only, 40 of the 52 hangers tested did not have top dowels. The hangers may be divided into three groups according to the purpose of the tests: 1. A pilot series of eight hangers tested to obtain an insight into the probable modes of failure and the variables which might affect hanger capacity. 2. A series of 38 hangers tested to determine the effects of hanger properties on capacity and to observe the behaviour of hangers under load. 3. Tests of six hangers to study the effects of prestressing on hanger strength. The variables considered in the tests were number and size of bottom dowels, depth of strap, size of strap, concrete strength, ratio of shear span to beam depth, effect of prestress, and position of hanger reaction.
Triboluminescence of silica core optical fibers (1982)

The triboluminescence spectrum of optical fibers contains two prominent peaks, one at 430 nm and the other at 630 nm. The relative intensities vary with fiber type. The time dependence of the emission is related to the crack rate terminal velocity and to the creation and annihilation of moving cracks.
Pseudonocardians A–C, New Diazaanthraquinone Derivatives from a Deap-Sea Actinomycete Pseudonocardia sp. SCSIO 01299 (2011)

Pseudonocardians A-C (2-4), three new diazaanthraquinone derivatives, along with a previously synthesized compound deoxynyboquinone (1), were produced by the strain SCSIO 01299, a marine actinomycete member of the genus Pseudonocardia, isolated from deep-sea sediment of the South China Sea. The structures of compounds 1-4 were determined by mass spectrometry and NMR experiments (¹H, ¹³C, HSQC, and HMBC). The structure of compound 1, which was obtained for the first time from a natural source, was confirmed by X-ray analysis. Compounds 1-3 exhibited potent cytotoxic activities against three tumor cell lines of SF-268, MCF-7 and NCI-H460 with IC₅₀ values between 0.01 and 0.21 μm, and also showed antibacterial activities on Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 and Bacillus thuringensis SCSIO BT01, with MIC values of 1-4 μg mL⁻¹.
Absence of neurofilaments reduces the selective vulnerability of motor neurons and slows disease caused by a familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-linked superoxide dismutase 1 mutant (1998)

Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), the only proven cause of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), provoke disease through an unidentified toxic property. Neurofilament aggregates are pathologic hallmarks of both sporadic and SOD1-mediated familial ALS. By deleting NF-L, the major neurofilament subunit required for filament assembly, onset and progression of disease caused by familial ALS-linked SOD1 mutant G85R are significantly slowed, while selectivity of mutant-mediated toxicity for motor neurons is reduced. In NF-L-deleted animals, levels of the two remaining neurofilament subunits, NF-M and NF-H, are markedly reduced in axons but are elevated in motor neuron cell bodies. Thus, while neither perikaryal nor axonal neurofilaments are essential for SOD1-mediated disease, the absence of assembled neurofilaments both diminishes selective vulnerability and slows SOD1(G85R) mutant-mediated toxicity to motor neurons.
Analysis and evaluation of MB-OFDM dual carrier modulation (2006)

This is a report of a laparoscopic double mesh sacrocolpopexy performed in the setting of a 73-year-old woman carrying a grafted kidney. The patient had a vaginal prolapse of the anterior and posterior floor without urinary incontinence. Despite immunosuppression due to anti-rejection treatments and the presence of kidney transplant in left iliac fossa, laparoscopic intervention with the introduction of prosthetic material was conducted. The intervention showed no major difficulty in its implementation and the postoperative course was uneventful. The long-term follow-up will confirm the tolerance of a prosthetic material.