gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<scp>l</scp>-Dopa in Parkinson's Disease (1969)

What common ground might be shared by parkinsonian patients and Chilean miners suffering from chronic manganese poisoning? An effort to explain their clinical resemblances in terms of similar biochemical abnormalities in the brain bore fruit eventually in the L-dopa treatment, which is proving effective in both diseases. Dr. Cotzias details the sequence of hypotheses explored along the way.
A buffered charge pump with zero charge sharing (2008)

The origins and detrimental effects of charge injection in charge-pump PLLs are discussed. Standard topologies for minimizing charge injection are discussed, and a new charge- pump topology with virtually zero charge injection is presented. Simulation results are presented to compare the performance of the proposed topology with standard designs, and it is shown that the new topology minimizes the steady state phase offset.
Deep Convolutional and LSTM Recurrent Neural Networks for Multimodal Wearable Activity Recognition (2016)

Human activity recognition (HAR) tasks have traditionally been solved using engineered features obtained by heuristic processes. Current research suggests that deep convolutional neural networks are suited to automate feature extraction from raw sensor inputs. However, human activities are made of complex sequences of motor movements, and capturing this temporal dynamics is fundamental for successful HAR. Based on the recent success of recurrent neural networks for time series domains, we propose a generic deep framework for activity recognition based on convolutional and LSTM recurrent units, which: (i) is suitable for multimodal wearable sensors; (ii) can perform sensor fusion naturally; (iii) does not require expert knowledge in designing features; and (iv) explicitly models the temporal dynamics of feature activations. We evaluate our framework on two datasets, one of which has been used in a public activity recognition challenge. Our results show that our framework outperforms competing deep non-recurrent networks on the challenge dataset by 4% on average; outperforming some of the previous reported results by up to 9%. Our results show that the framework can be applied to homogeneous sensor modalities, but can also fuse multimodal sensors to improve performance. We characterise key architectural hyperparameters' influence on performance to provide insights about their optimisation.
Effect of wavelength on the formation of 1.ALPHA.-hydroxyprevitamin D3 in the ultraviolet irradiation of cholesta-5,7-diene-1.ALPHA.,3.BETA.-diol and use of a filter solution in the photochemical reaction in the synthesis of 1.ALPHA.-hydroxyvitamin D3. (1980)

In the photochemical conversion of cholesta-5, 7-diene 1α, 3 β-diol (1α-OH-7-DHC) to 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1α-OH-D3) via 1α-hydroxyprevitamin D3, the effect of irradiated wavelength was in vestigated by using monochromatic ultraviolet (UV) rays obtained from a spectroirradiator. The yield of 1α-OH-D3 and the remaining rates of 1α-OH-7-DHC in the irradiated solutions were determined by a method using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). When a 1α-OH-7DHC solution in ethanol (1.0mg/ml) was irradiated with monochromatic UV light in the range of 253-332 nm with the quantum of either 4.275×108 or 8.55×108 erg/cm2, a mountain shape with a maximum at 295 nm was observed on the relationship between yield of 1α-OH-D3 and irradiated wavelengths. The phenomenon was similar to those observed on the formation of vitamin D2 or D3 by irradiating ergosterol or 7dehydrocholesterol (5, 6). However, the former's yield (2.3%) obtained by irradiation with light of 321 nm was far lower than the latter's respective data (ca. 13%), while the former's remaining rate of 1α-OH-7-DHC was also lower than the latter's. The results suggested that comparatively large amounts of byproducts might be formed in the former's case. The phenomenon agreed with the observations mentioned by Barton et al. (2, 3) that the irradiation of 1 α-OH-7-DHC with light in the range of 310-330 nm gave some undesirable byproducts. Therefore, we found a new filter solution capable of effectively removing the UV light in the undesirable range and the irradiation experiment using the newly found filter solution was performed. The results showed that the use of the filter solution gave higher yield of 1α-OH-D3 and a higher remaining rate of unreacted 1α-OH-7-DHC than the respective data obtained from irradiation by using other filter solutions incapable of removing the undesirable UV light. The newly found filter solution was stable to UV irradiation. From these results and observations, we concluded that the filter solution was very useful for the photochemical reaction of 1α-OH-7DHC to 1α-OH-D3.
Alkyl nitrite-metal halide deamination reactions. 3. Arylation of olefinic compounds in the deamination of arylamines by alkyl nitrites and copper(II) halides. A convenient and effective variation of the Meerwein arylation reaction (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkyl nitrite-metal halide deamination reactions. 3. Arylation of olefinic compounds in the deamination of arylamines by alkyl nitrites and copper(II) halides. A convenient and effective variation of the Meerwein arylation reactionMichael P. Doyle, Bernard Siegfried, Robert C. Elliott, and Joseph F. Dellaria Jr.Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 14, 2431–2436Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00434a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00434a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1592Altmetric-Citations65LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Graded photonic crystals by optical interference holography (2012)

We report on the fabrication of graded photonic crystals in dye doped dichromate gelatin emulsions using an optical interference holographic technique. The gradedness is achieved by imposing a gradient form factor in the interference intensity resulting from the absorption of the dye in the dichromate gelatin. Wider and deeper photonic bandgaps are observed for the dyed samples as compared to the un-dyed samples. Our method could open up a new direction in fabricating graded photonic crystals which cannot be achieved easily using other techniques.
The acquisition of methotrexate resistance by gene amplification (1984)

The emergence of organisms or cells with resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a vexing and frequent problem. Such resistances have generally been considered to result from mutations (point mutations or deletions) affecting the properties of proteins such that the drug no longer functions to inhibit cellular processes. In the past 8 years a number of studies from different laboratories and with a variety of organisms, have shown that various forms of drug resistance can result from the over-production of a normal protein, and that such over-production can result from the selection of cells with amplified genes. This paper will summarize studies from the authors’ laboratory concerning the acquisition of resistance to methotrexate (MTX). Such resistance phenomena have a number of unusual characteristics of importance in chemotherapy, and these will be discussed briefly.
Mobile-Edge Computing: Partial Computation Offloading Using Dynamic Voltage Scaling (2016)

The incorporation of dynamic voltage scaling technology into computation offloading offers more flexibilities for mobile edge computing. In this paper, we investigate partial computation offloading by jointly optimizing the computational speed of smart mobile device (SMD), transmit power of SMD, and offloading ratio with two system design objectives: energy consumption of SMD minimization (ECM) and latency of application execution minimization (LM). Considering the case that the SMD is served by a single cloud server, we formulate both the ECM problem and the LM problem as nonconvex problems. To tackle the ECM problem, we recast it as a convex one with the variable substitution technique and obtain its optimal solution. To address the nonconvex and nonsmooth LM problem, we propose a locally optimal algorithm with the univariate search technique. Furthermore, we extend the scenario to a multiple cloud servers system, where the SMD could offload its computation to a set of cloud servers. In this scenario, we obtain the optimal computation distribution among cloud servers in closed form for the ECM and LM problems. Finally, extensive simulations demonstrate that our proposed algorithms can significantly reduce the energy consumption and shorten the latency with respect to the existing offloading schemes.
Sand Transport over an Immobile Gravel Substrate (2012)

Experiments were conducted in a laboratory flume channel to evaluate the effects of increasing amounts of sand on its transport over and through an immobile coarse gravel bed. Detailed measurements of sand transport rate, bed texture, and bed topography were collected for four different discharges at approximately the same flow depth of 0.2 m for 11 different elevations of sand in the gravel bed. Sand transport was measured using both physical samples and a density cell. For a given flow rate, increases in the elevation of sand relative to gravel resulted in decreases of bed shear stress from 32–44% and increases in sand transport by three orders of magnitude. For the highest two discharges, the sand merged into a small number of long and low bed forms that translated through and over the gravel bed. A collapse of the transport data was accomplished by relating the sand transport rate to the bed shear stress scaled by the cumulative probability distribution function of the gravel surface evaluated at the height of the mean sand bed.
Crosswind Feedforward Control – A Measure to Improve Vehicle Crosswind Behaviour (1994)

SUMMARY The theory of crosswind feedforward control was explained using the example of a vehicle with active front-wheel steering. Beforehand, the calculation formulas and frequency responses of the transient crosswind force and of the wind yaw moment acting on the vehicle were derived using the example of a simple vehicle fluid model. The influence of the transiency of crosswind disturbance on the dynamic crosswind behaviour of a vehicle was then presented. The results of simulation confirmed the analyses carried out in the frequency domain for feedforward control with front, rear and all-wheel steering. With front-wheel steering, the influence of crosswind on one of the vehicle movement variables (lateral acceleration or yaw rate) could be almost completely compensated by dynamic feedforward control. With rear-wheel steering, it is only possible to compensate directly for the influence on the yawing rate. Due to the setting of the side force in the same direction as the lateral wind force at the start, active rear-wheel steering is not so successful as active front-wheel steering. Nevertheless, the crosswind behaviour of a vehicle can be considerably enhanced by feedforward control with rear-wheel steering. The best crosswind behaviour was obtained with active all-wheel steering: the vehicle hardly responds at all to crosswinds and remains on course despite heavy gusts of wind.
A New Stonefly Species,<i>Rhopalopsole tricuspis</i>(Leuctridae: Plecoptera), and Three New Records of Stoneflies from the Qinling Mountains of Shaanxi, China (2012)

Plecopteran species (Leuctridae) were collected from the Qinling Mountains in southern Shaanxi Province, China. This mountain range is home to nine species of Leuctridae belonging to two genera, and the species identified in this work include one new species and three new records for the Qinling Mountains, all belonging to the genus Rhopalopsole. The new species is named R. tricuspis Qian and Du, sp. nov. A redescription of R. basinigra Yang and Yang 1995 is supplemented. A key is provided for the adult males of Leuctridae from the Qinling Mountains.
Performance assessment of a smart road management system for the wireless detection of wildlife road-crossing (2016)

A wireless distributed system for the detection of the wildlife road-crossing events is addressed to prevent the problem of collisions with the approaching vehicles. The system is based on a wireless sensor network architecture deployed along the road sides in order to alert in real-time the drivers about the dangerous presence of deers within a security area determined by Doppler radar modules integrated in the nodes of the wireless network. The system aims at providing the information for the smart management of road signs through their adaptive activation only in presence of real dangers. The performance of the detection has been assessed during a long-term measurement campaign along a road stretch in Trentino, Italy, where the problem of deer road-crossing significantly impacts the driver safety and security.
Convenient synthesis of deuterated glutamic acid, proline and leucine via catalytic deuteration of unsaturated pyroglutamate derivatives (2006)

Abstract Novel 3,4‐didehydropyroglutamate derivatives, the key intermediates in this synthesis, were obtained from a protected pyroglutamate by the well‐known selenenylation‐oxidative deselenenylation method and were catalytically deuterated using a slow‐addition technique. The obtained deuterated pyroglutamates were converted to [3,4‐ 2 H 2 ]glutamic acid, [3,4,5‐ 2 H 3 ]proline, and [3,4,5,5,5‐ 2 H 5 ]leucine via an appropriate functional group interconversions followed by the standard deprotection procedure. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
An application of computer graphics for teaching robot kinematics (2002)

Graphical simulation facilities foster the design of efficient robot motions and do not tie up or risk expensive equipment. For a similar reason, graphical simulation is recommended for university laboratory classes in robotics. This study concerns the application of computer graphics for teaching robot kinematics. A description of the problems faced by students studying robot kinematics is presented. The educational program package SIM-KIN, developed to assist beginning students in robotics to understand elementary robot kinematics is described. The paper ends with recommendations for its implementation at a university robotics laboratory.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Motion Planning of Swarm Robots Using Genetic Algorithm (2010)

In this paper, a potential-based genetic algorithm is proposed for formation control of robot swarm. The proposed algorithm consists of a global path planner and a motion planner. The global path planning algorithm searches a path, which the center of robot swarm should follow, within a Voronoi diagram of the free space. The motion planning is a genetic algorithm based on artificial potential models. The potential functions are used as a repulsion to keep robots away from obstacles and as an attraction/repulsion to keep robot swarm within a certain distance. With Voronoi diagram and potential models, the algorithm plans safe paths efficiently and the formation of robot swarm is also maintained.
[1-[3-(Phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]-4-piperidinyl]phenylmethanones, a novel class of long-acting neuroleptic agents (1978)

In previous studies the phenyl-4-piperidinylmethanone moiety was shown to be a neuroleptic pharmacophore. A short series of [1-[3-(phenothiazin-10-yl)propyl]-4-piperidinyl]phenylmethanones was prepared and tested for neuroleptic activity using the blockade of d-amphetamine lethality in aggregated mice and suppression of conditioned avoidance behavior as the end points. Most compounds were shown to be potent neuroleptic agents and two were found to possess a long duration of action.
MAYFLY GROWTH AND POPULATION DENSITY IN CONSTANT AND VARIABLE TEMPERATURE REGIMES (1990)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Heterogeneous and homogeneous electron transfers to aromatic halides. An electrochemical redox catalysis study in the halobenzene and halopyridine series (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeterogeneous and homogeneous electron transfers to aromatic halides. An electrochemical redox catalysis study in the halobenzene and halopyridine seriesClaude P. Andrieux, Claude Blocman, Jean Michel Dumas-Bouchiat, and Jean Michel SaveantCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1979, 101, 13, 3431–3441Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00507a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00507a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1595Altmetric-Citations293LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Synthesis and functionalities of poly (N‐vinylalkylamide). IV. Synthesis and free radical polymerization of N‐vinylisobutyramide and thermosensitive properties of the polymer (1997)

Pyrolysis of (N-α-isopropoxyethyl)isobutyramide, which was obtained by the reaction of isobutyramide, 2-propanol, and acetaldehyde in the presence of conc. sulfuric acid, produced N-vinylisobutyramide (NVIBA). The free radical polymerization of NVIBA was carried out in various solvents in the presence of a radical initiator. It was found that the polymerizability of NVIBA is similar to that of N-vinylacetamide. The resulting polyNVIBA showed a lower critical solution temperature (LCST) sharply at 39°C. Thermosensitive properties of polyNVIBA were investigated in comparison with poly(N-isopropylacrylamide). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35: 1763–1768, 1997
Vanadium Distribution in Rats and DNA Cleavage by Vanadyl Complex: Implication for Vanadium Toxicity and Biological Effects (1994)

Hiromu Sakurai, Vanadium Distribution in Rats and DNA Cleavage by Vanadyl Complex: Implication for Vanadium Toxicity and Biological Effects, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 102, Supplement 3: Molecular Mechanisms of Metal Toxicity and Carcinogenicity (Sep., 1994), pp. 35-36
Sequencing and Analysis of Fungal rRNA Operons for Development of Broad-Range Fungal PCR Assays (2009)

rRNA genes are attractive targets for developing PCR assays targeting human fungal pathogens. Most studies have focused on the 18S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacers, and the 5' end of the 28S rRNA gene. An approximately 2,900-bp region of the 28S rRNA gene remains largely unexplored because sequences of many medically relevant fungi are either unavailable or undefined in genomic databases. The internal transcribed spacers and 28S rRNA gene of nine medically and phylogenetically important fungi were sequenced. In addition, 42 sequences from this region were acquired from public databases, resulting in an alignment of 51 fungal sequences spanning 30 fungal genera. For the nearly 3,950-bp region from the 3' end of 18S rRNA gene to the 3' end of the 28S rRNA gene, 27 broad-range PCR primers were designed such that their sequence homology with the human rRNA gene was minimal. All 62 possible amplicons in the size range from 75 to 400 bp from 27 primers were screened using fungal genomic DNA from 26 species spanning 14 genera. Eleven of the 62 amplicons did not cross-react with 1 microg/PCR human DNA but simultaneously amplified 10 fg of fungal DNA. Phylogenetic distance matrices were calculated for regions covered by these 11 amplicons based on 51 fungi. Two of these 11 amplicons successfully amplified 30 fg of fungal DNA from 25 of 26 fungi and provided the most phylogenetic information for species identification based on the distance matrices. These PCR assays hold promise for detection and identification of fungal pathogens in human tissues.
Using SESAME to implement role based access control in Unix file systems (2003)

Computer networks and assets have become a very valuable resource for modern companies. Securing these resources is thus vital for their survival. Enterprises nowadays want to have their organizational structure mirrored into their security policy. Role based access control (RBAC) has proven to be an essential tool in this process. Although Microsoft based systems have acquired a large part of the market, it seems that the old but very reliable Unix is getting a boost as well. Unfortunately, standard Unix does not implement RBAC. In this paper a solution to this problem is described that uses the Novell SESAME security architecture. To this end the paper introduces a new RBAC model.
Palladium-Catalyzed<i>N</i>-Nitroso-Directed C–H Alkoxylation of Arenes and Subsequent Formation of 2-Alkoxy-<i>N</i>-alkylarylamines (2014)

A palladium-catalyzed direct ortho-alkoxylation of N-alkyl-N-nitrosoarylamines was developed in which alcohols were used as the alkoxylation reagents and PhI(OAc)2 was employed as the oxidant. The protocol was available for both primary and secondary alcohols. The products were transformed to o-alkoxy-N-alkylanilines expediently by a simple reduction.
Incremental Methods for Weakly Convex Optimization (2019)

Incremental methods are widely utilized for solving finite-sum optimization problems in machine learning and signal processing. In this paper, we study a family of incremental methods -- including incremental subgradient, incremental proximal point, and incremental prox-linear methods -- for solving weakly convex optimization problems. Such a problem class covers many nonsmooth nonconvex instances that arise in engineering fields. We show that the three said incremental methods have an iteration complexity of $O(\varepsilon^{-4})$ for driving a natural stationarity measure to below $\varepsilon$. Moreover, we show that if the weakly convex function satisfies a sharpness condition, then all three incremental methods, when properly initialized and equipped with geometrically diminishing stepsizes, can achieve a local linear rate of convergence. Our work is the first to extend the convergence rate analysis of incremental methods from the nonsmooth convex regime to the weakly convex regime. Lastly, we conduct numerical experiments on the robust matrix sensing problem to illustrate the convergence performance of the three incremental methods.