gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overcoming Target Driven Fratricide for T Cell Therapy (2018)

Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cells expressing the fusion of the NKG2D protein with CD3ζ (NKG2D-CAR T Cells) acquire a specificity for stress-induced ligands expressed on hematological and solid cancers. However, these stress ligands are also transiently expressed by activated T cells implying that NKG2D-based T cells may undergo self-killing (fratricide) during cell manufacturing or during the freeze thaw cycle prior to infusion in patients. To avoid target-driven fratricide and enable the production of NKG2D-CAR T cells for clinical application, two distinct approaches were investigated. The first focused upon the inclusion of a Phosphoinositol-3-Kinase inhibitor (LY294002) into the production process. A second strategy involved the inclusion of antibody blockade of NKG2D itself. Both processes impacted T cell fratricide, albeit at different levels with the antibody process being the most effective in terms of cell yield. While both approaches generated comparable NKG2D-CAR T cells, there were subtle differences, for example in differentiation status, that were fine-tuned through the phasing of the inhibitor and antibody during culture in order to generate a highly potent NKG2D-CAR T cell product. By means of targeted inhibition of NKG2D expression or generic inhibition of enzyme function, target-driven CAR T fratricide can be overcome. These strategies have been incorporated into on-going clinical trials to enable a highly efficient and reproducible manufacturing process for NKG2D-CAR T cells.
Dinners ‘à la Russe.’ (1872)

Journal Article Dinners ‘à la Russe.’ Get access F. C. H. F. C. H. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s4-X, Issue 236, 6 July 1872, Pages 11–12, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s4-X.236.11b Published: 06 July 1872
Cellulose Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering (2019)

In this review, we highlight the importance of nanostructure of cellulose-based biomaterials to allow cellular adhesion, the contribution of nanostructure to macroscale mechanical properties, and several key applications of these materials for fundamental scientific research and biomedical engineering. Different features on the nanoscale can have macroscale impacts on tissue function. Cellulose is a diverse material with tunable properties and is a promising platform for biomaterial development and tissue engineering. Cellulose-based biomaterials offer some important advantages over conventional synthetic materials. Here we provide an up-to-date summary of the status of the field of cellulose-based biomaterials in the context of bottom-up approaches for tissue engineering. We anticipate that cellulose-based material research will continue to expand because of the diversity and versatility of biochemical and biophysical characteristics highlighted in this review.
Determinanten der Einstellung von Eltern zum selbständigen Verhalten der Kinder / Determinants of parents’ attitudes towards independent behavior of children (1975)

Abstract Education towards independence is considered as an important aspect of political socialization. Presupposing an interrelationship between the „attitudes of parents towards independent behavior of children“ (= „AIB“) and the actual independent behavior of children, the following questions were asked in an empirical research paper: Is it meaningful to distinguish between ‚inner independence‘ (to be able to assert oneself and to decide freely for oneself) and ‚outer independence‘ (to be able to rely upon oneself)? What are the respective attitudes influenced by? In a sample (n=764) of 382 mothers and fathers of firstgraders among whom members of lower class as well as members of rural and big-city environments were underrepresented, the AIB and their determinants were explored by means of a questionnaire, especially designed for this purpose. The distinction between ‚inner and outer independence‘ proved to be meaningful: Certain groups which did not differ in their AIB when observed in an undifferentiated manner showed highly significant differences when observed in a differentiated manner. Furthermore the age of a child seemed to play a part for the AIB since it becomes relevant for certain situations where independence is demanded. Thus mothers proved significantly more positive in their AIB than fathers, when the situation, where independence was demanded revolved around the ‚inner independence‘ of a child under thirteen years of age. On the other hand, when ‚outer independence‘ was demanded or the child was older than thirteen, fathers proved more positive in their AIB. Obviously society has an immense influence on the AIB. The higher the social class the more positive the AIB and the more frequently „independence“ is chosen by the members of this group as the most important educational goal. Members of the middle class and lower classes differed significantly in their AIB. - A comparison between results of former research papers showed that the AIB is also definitely dependent upon the „historical background“. About 15 years ago the AIB were significantly more negative than in 1973.
Solutions of metals in molten salts (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReportNEXTSolutions of metals in molten saltsDaniel Cubicciotti Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 10, 540Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1960Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 October 1960Published inissue 1 October 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ed037p540RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views241Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (4 MB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Raney Nickel-Induced 3-Alkylation of Oxindole with Alcohols and Diols (2002)

New reaction conditions are described, which turn Wenkert's synthesis of 3-alkyloxindoles (Raney nickel-induced alkylation of oxindole with alcohols) into a reproducible and highly efficient synthetic tool. The method is also extended to the preparation of 3-(ω-hydroxyalkyl)oxindoles.
A high-performance delta -doped GaAs/In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor utilizing a graded In/sub x/Ga/sub 1-x/As channel (1993)

A delta -doped GaAs/InGaAs/GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) utilizing a graded In composition InGaAs channel grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition was demonstrated. This structure had an extrinsic transconductance as high as 175 (245) mS/mm and a saturation current density a high as 500 (690) mA/mm at 300 (77) K for a gate length of 2 mu m. The maximum transconductance versus gate bias extended over a broad and flat region of more than 2 V at 300 K. A low gate leakage current (<10 mu A at -7 V) at 300 K was obtained.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Quadruplex DNA formation in a region of the tRNA gene supF associated with hydrogen peroxide mediated mutations (1991)

A hot spot for H2O2/Fe-mediated mutation has been observed between bases 154 and 170 of the supF gene in the mutation reporter plasmid pZ189 [Moraes et al. (1990) Carcinogenesis 11, 283; Akman et al. (1991) Mutat. Res. (in press)]. To further characterize this hot spot, we synthesized the 33mer d(pAAAGTGATGGTGGTGGGGGAAGGATTCGAACCT) (pZ33), which is complementary to bases 159-191 of the supF gene. pZ33 annealed spontaneously in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0)-1 mM EDTA-100 mM NaCl at 50 degrees C into two major forms, one of which migrates more slowly than does d(pT)33 on nondenaturing 12% polyacrylamide gels. We propose that this form is a four-stranded structure stabilized by Hoogsteen-type deoxyguanosine quartets involving all deoxyguanosines of the sequence d-(pGGTGGTGGGGG) because of the following. (1) pZ33 migrates as a single form that comigrates with d(pT)33 on denaturing 20% acrylamide-8 M urea gels. (2) Annealing an equimolar mixture of 5'-32P-labeled pZ33 and the oligodeoxynucleotide d(pTTTTTTTTpZ33TTTTTTTT) (pZ49), as well as 5'-32P-labeled pZ49 and pZ33, caused the formation of four, discreet slowly migrating bands on nondenaturing 12% polyacrylamide gels. Mixing 5'-32P-labeled pZ33 with 5'-32P-labeled pZ49 resulted in five slowly migrating bands. (3) An oligodeoxynucleotide identical with pZ33 except that every deoxyguanosine has been replaced with deoxyinosine did not anneal into a slowly migrating form. (4) Dimethyl sulfate protection studies demonstrated that all deoxyguanosines of the sequence d(pGGTGGTGGGGG) were protected at N-7 in the slowly migrating form but not in single-stranded pZ33. These data suggest that a hot spot for H2O2/Fe-mediated base substitutions is located adjacent to a sequence that can spontaneously adopt a quadruplex structure in which deoxyguanosine quartets are Hoogsteen bonded.
Fast Fourier transforms for non-equispaced data (1993)

Two groups of algorithms are presented generalizing the fast Fourier transform (FFT) to the case of non-integer frequencies and nonequispaced nodes on the interval (-pi, pi). These schemes are based on combinations of certain analytical considerations with the classical fast Fourier transform, and generalize both the forward and backward FFTs. The number of arithmetic operations required by each of the algorithms is proportional to N (dot) log N + N - log(1/epsilon), where epsilon is the desired precision of computations and N is the number of nodes. Several related algorithms are also presented, each of which utilizes a similar set of techniques from analysis and linear algebra. These include an efficient version of the Fast Multipole Method in one dimension and fast algorithms for the evaluation, integration and differentiation of Lagrange polynomial interpolants. Several numerical examples axe used to illustrate the efficiency of the approach, and to compare the performances of the two sets of nonuniform FFT algorithms. FFT, Trigonometric series, Fourier analysis, Interpolation, Fast multipole method, Approximation theory
Targeted Drug Delivery in Cancer Therapy (2005)

Chemotherapy has been the main modality of treatment for cancer patients; however, its success rate remains low, primarily due to limited accessibility of drugs to the tumor tissue, their intolerable toxicity, development of multi-drug resistance, and the dynamic heterogeneous biology of the growing tumors. Better understanding of tumor biology in recent years and new targeted drug delivery approaches that are being explored using different nanosystems and bioconjugates provide optimism in developing successful cancer therapy. This article reviews the possibilities and challenges for targeted drug delivery in cancer therapy.
Regulatory elements of the raffinose operon: nucleotide sequences of operator and repressor genes (1990)

The raffinose (raf) operon is negatively controlled by the specific binding of raf repressor (rafR gene) to raf operator (rafO) DNA. Both rafR and rafO have been sequenced. The 1,011-base-pair rafR gene encodes a 336-amino-acid polypeptide containing an N-terminal helix-turn-helix motif. rafO, as defined by in vivo titration of raf repressor, consists of two nearly identical 18-base-pair palindromes that flank the -35 box of the raf promoter.
A review of hydrological/water-quality models (2014)

Water quality models are important in predicting the changes in surface water quality for environmental management. A range of water quality models are wildly used, but every model has its advantages and limitations for specific situations. The aim of this review is to provide a guide to researcher for selecting a suitable water quality model. Eight well known water quality models were selected for this review: SWAT, WASP, QUALs, MIKE 11, HSPF, CE-QUAL-W2, ELCOM-CAEDYM and EFDC. Each model is described according to its intended use, development, simulation elements, basic principles and applicability (e.g., for rivers, lakes, and reservoirs and estuaries). Currently, the most important trends for future model development are: (1) combination models─individual models cannot completely solve the complex situations so combined models are needed to obtain the most appropriate results, (2) application of artificial intelligence and mechanistic models combined with non-mechanistic models will provide more accurate results because of the realistic parameters derived from non-mechanistic models, and (3) integration with remote sensing, geographical information and global position systems (3S) ─3S can solve problems requiring large amounts of data.
Towards a Network Operating System (2014)

A Network Operating System (NetOS) is a novel paradigm for developing a next-generation network management and operation platform. As we shall describe, NetOS not only goes far beyond the SDN concepts but also constitutes a fundamental enabler for NFV.
GENÇLERDE NESİLLER ARASI NORMATİF DAYANIŞMA VE EMPATİ DÜZEYİ ARAŞTIRMASI (2020)

The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between intergenerational normative solidarity and empathy level in young people. The study sample consisted of 500 young people between the ages of 18 and 29 selected by convenience sampling. As the data collection tool, the Scale for the Determination of Intergenerational Normative Solidarity and the Empathy Level in Families were used. A t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were conducted to determine whether there was a relationship and a significant difference between the variables. The direction and strength of the bilateral relationships were determined by correlation analysis. The results of the study revealed that the normative solidarity scores and empathy levels of young people were close to high. Significant differences were revealed between normative solidarity in young people and their gender, parents’ educational status, and perceived income status. Furthermore, a positive relationship was found between normative solidarity and empathy level in young people. This study’s contribution to the literature is that it establishes a link between empathy levels and normative solidarity, which is central in protecting and sustaining social values and further constitutes a dimension of intergenerational solidarity.
Spatial Uniformity of SAW Convolvers (1982)

In evaluating the performance of SAW convolvers, an important criterion is the spatial uniformity of the non-linear interaction e fficiency. This needs to be determined with a resolution related to the minimum usable code chip length which, for devices w ith 120 MHz bandwidth, is about 8 nsec. Conventional methods using short RF pulses give inadequate resolution because the dynamic range is insufficient. A new method based on a general analysis for bilinear devices uses CW test signals, giving a two-dimensional frequency response. T his is transformed to give a 'plate response', as a function of position, giving the amplitude and phase with h igh resolution. The experimental resolution was 25 nsec, limited only by the 40 MEz measurement bandwidth. Distortions associated with the tapping points and with t ransmission-lin e effects are seen in more detail than in previous results. Using the experimental data the output waveform can be calculated for any pair of input waveforms, to assess t he s ignificance of the distortions. For phase-coded input waveforms the analysis is reorganised to speed up the computations. A theoretical analysis for the plate response is also presented, and the results compared with experiment.
Phase transition and particle formation of a Human Elastin-Like polypeptide (2009)

Elastin-Like Polypeptides are an interesting class of recombinant proteins that mimic elastin. Here we present some data about phase transition properties and particle formation features of the recombinantly expressed Human Elastin-Like polypeptide (HELP). This macromolecule shows a promising potential as vehicle for delivery and controlled release of active compounds.
RNAi and Gene Therapy: A Mutual Attraction (2007)

The phylogenetically conserved cellular phenomenon of RNA interference (RNAi)-the sequence-specific post-transcriptional silencing of gene expression mediated by small double-stranded RNAs-holds substantial promise for basic research and for drug development. Particularly attractive from a medical standpoint is the juxtaposition of new RNAi methodology with established gene transfer strategies, especially viral vectors for efficient and tissue-specific RNAi delivery to patients. Here, we summarize the latest experimental and clinical advances in RNAi-based gene therapy approaches. We briefly portray emerging nonviral strategies for siRNA transfer, before comparing the three viral vectors currently predominantly developed as shRNA delivery vehicles, adenovirus, lentivirus, and adeno-associated virus (AAV). Moreover, we describe the most clinically relevant genetic, acquired or infectious targets being pursued for therapeutic purposes. Specifically, we assess the use of vector-mediated RNAi for treatment of viral processes, solid cancers, lymphoproliferative disorders, and neurodegenerative and ocular diseases. In addition, we highlight further emerging applications, including stem cell therapies and animal transgenesis, as well as discuss some of the potential pitfalls and limitations inherent to the individual approaches. While we predict that eventual schemes will be shaped by our increasing understanding of the complexities of human RNAi biology, as well as by progressive refinements of viral shuttle designs, the potential scientific and medical benefits from a successful marriage of RNAi and gene therapy seem enormous.
VLSI implementation of CAVLC decoder with power Optimized for H.264/AVC video decoding (2008)

This paper presents an efficient method of the contest-based adaptive variable length code (CAVLC) decoder with power Optimized for H.264/AVC standard. In the proposed design, according to the regularity of the codewords, the first 1 detector is used to solve the problem that the traditional method of table-searching has low efficiency and high power dissipation. Considering the relevance of the data used in the process of RunBefore’s decoding, arithmetic operation is combined with FSM, which achieves higher decoding efficiency. According to the CAVLC decoding flow, clock gating is employed in module level and register level respectively, which reduce 43% dynamic power dissipation. The proposed design can decode every syntax element in one clock cycle. When the proposed design is synthesized at clock constraint of 100MHz, the synthesis result shows that the design costs 11300 gates under a 0.25um CMOS technology, which meets the demand of real time decoding in H.264/AVC standard.
A Multistage Parallel Magnetic Resonance Image Reconstruction Method (2008)

The length of scan time is a critical issue in Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). Parallel MRI techniques have recently been introduced to shorten the scanning time by using multiple receiver coils to acquire the MR signal. As a result, the imaging process is accelerated several times compared to conventional non-accelerated MRI. In this paper, we provide a new reconstruction method for parallel MRI that improves the resultant image quality. Our algorithm involves the combination of two popular and commercially utilised parallel MRI reconstruction techniques, SENSE and GRAPPA. These two methods are complementary to each other, and are traditionally implemented in different imaging conditions. Our proposed method, called the SG reconstruction method, takes advantage of the distinct merits of both SENSE and GRAPPA to improve the image reconstruction quality. We demonstrate the superiority of the SG algorithm through comparison to SENSE and GRAPPA applied to high-field, experimental MRI data.
Characterization of a Liquid Crystal Stabilized Pharmaceutical Oil-in-Water Emulsion Optimized for Skin Delivery (2018)

A moisturizing cream containing 25 wt% of an organic solvent, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGEE), is observed to be stabilized by an emulsifying wax blend of cetearyl alcohol, dicetyl phosphate, and ceteth-10 phosphate (tradename Crodafos CES). Polarized light microscopy indicates that the Crodafos CES helps to produce a liquid-crystal stabilized oil-in-water emulsion, which is physically stable for months under accelerated aging conditions and chemically stable over the full topical pH range of 3.5 to 9. Emulsion globule size in the cream is observed to be dependent on the degree of emulsifying wax neutralization, with the globule size decreasing with increasing cream pH. The superior solubilizing properties of DEGEE combined with the full pH range and liquid-crystal stabilizing properties of the Crodafos CES give this formulation the potential for a wide range of applications in the topical delivery of active pharmaceutical ingredients.
Agent-Based Negotiation Techniques for a Grid: The Prophet Agents (2006)

The aims of this research are to introduce a new transparent control paradigm and to consolidate Grid resources by a statistical approach based on and on Queuing Theory. These goals are obtained through the creation of a new category of called Agents with an agent-based peer-to-peer framework named JADE, created using the Java programming language. The goal of Prophet inside a Grid is to estimate workload and completion time of a given job class in a specific class of servers. Moreover, agents are used to automate the matchmaking process and to consolidate Grid resources by adding new computing servers if necessary.
Regulating RNA polymerase pausing and transcription elongation in embryonic stem cells (2011)

Transitions between pluripotent stem cells and differentiated cells are executed by key transcription regulators. Comparative measurements of RNA polymerase distribution over the genome's primary transcription units in different cell states can identify the genes and steps in the transcription cycle that are regulated during such transitions. To identify the complete transcriptional profiles of RNA polymerases with high sensitivity and resolution, as well as the critical regulated steps upon which regulatory factors act, we used genome-wide nuclear run-on (GRO-seq) to map the density and orientation of transcriptionally engaged RNA polymerases in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In both cell types, progression of a promoter-proximal, paused RNA polymerase II (Pol II) into productive elongation is a rate-limiting step in transcription of ∼40% of mRNA-encoding genes. Importantly, quantitative comparisons between cell types reveal that transcription is controlled frequently at paused Pol II's entry into elongation. Furthermore, "bivalent" ESC genes (exhibiting both active and repressive histone modifications) bound by Polycomb group complexes PRC1 (Polycomb-repressive complex 1) and PRC2 show dramatically reduced levels of paused Pol II at promoters relative to an average gene. In contrast, bivalent promoters bound by only PRC2 allow Pol II pausing, but it is confined to extremely 5' proximal regions. Altogether, these findings identify rate-limiting targets for transcription regulation during cell differentiation.