gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitazoxanide, a Potential Drug for Eradication of <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> with No Cross-Resistance to Metronidazole (1998)

Nitazoxanide, a thiazolide compound, and its desacetyl derivative, tizoxanide, have antimicrobial properties against anaerobic bacteria, as well as against helminths and protozoa. Because the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection may be jeopardized by metronidazole resistance, nitazoxanide and tizoxanide were tested in vitro against these bacteria. The MICs of these two compounds were determined by agar dilution and were compared to those of metronidazole. Exposure to subinhibitory concentrations of nitazoxanide was also carried out by the method of Szybalski (W. Szybalski and V. Bryson, J. Bacteriol. 64:489-499, 1952). The MICs of nitazoxanide and tizoxanide for 103 strains ranged from 0.25 to 8 microg/ml, with the MIC at which 50% of strains are inhibited (MIC50) being 1 microg/ml and the MIC90 being 4 microg/ml, and no resistant strain was detected, whereas strains resistant to metronidazole were detected. When 10 strains were successively subcultured on medium containing nitazoxanide, no significant change in the MICs of this compound was observed. A pilot study of nitazoxanide for the treatment of H. pylori infection was carried out with 86 patients in association with 20 mg of omeprazole. An eradication rate of 83% (95% confidence interval, 64% to 94%) was obtained in a per-protocol analysis in the group receiving 1 g of nitazoxanide orally twice daily, and a few side effects were observed. The failures could not be explained by the selection of resistant strains since the MICs of nitazoxanide were similar for six pairs of isolates (proven to be the same strain by random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis in four cases) cultured before and after the treatment failure. Nitazoxanide exhibits good antimicrobial activity against H. pylori without the problem of acquired resistance which is encountered with metronidazole and has been demonstrated to have a satisfactory effect in a dose-ranging pilot study. It is therefore a good candidate to be included in treatment regimens aimed at the eradication of H. pylori.
Cw industrial rod YAG:Nd^3+ laser with an intracavity active bimorph mirror (1996)

A special type of resonator with an intracavity wide-aperture active mirror was built, and a concave spherical bimorph active corrector was investigated. An increase of laser beam quality by a factor of 2-2.5 was achieved in a multimode regime of laser generation with an intracavity-controlled mirror. It was shown that various radiation mode structures could be formed at the laser output and in the far-field zone.
Importin α1 is required for nuclear import of herpes simplex virus proteins and capsid assembly in fibroblasts and neurons (2018)

Herpesviruses are large DNA viruses which depend on many nuclear functions, and therefore on host transport factors to ensure specific nuclear import of viral and host components. While some import cargoes bind directly to certain transport factors, most recruit importin β1 via importin α. We identified importin α1 in a small targeted siRNA screen to be important for herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) gene expression. Production of infectious virions was delayed in the absence of importin α1, but not in cells lacking importin α3 or importin α4. While nuclear targeting of the incoming capsids, of the HSV-1 transcription activator VP16, and of the viral genomes were not affected, the nuclear import of the HSV-1 proteins ICP4 and ICP0, required for efficient viral transcription, and of ICP8 and pUL42, necessary for DNA replication, were reduced. Furthermore, quantitative electron microscopy showed that fibroblasts lacking importin α1 contained overall fewer nuclear capsids, but an increased proportion of mature nuclear capsids indicating that capsid formation and capsid egress into the cytoplasm were impaired. In neurons, importin α1 was also not required for nuclear targeting of incoming capsids, but for nuclear import of ICP4 and for the formation of nuclear capsid assembly compartments. Our data suggest that importin α1 is specifically required for the nuclear localization of several important HSV1 proteins, capsid assembly, and capsid egress into the cytoplasm, and may become rate limiting in situ upon infection at low multiplicity or in terminally differentiated cells such as neurons.
Cell-surface expression of RhD blood group polypeptide is posttranscriptionally regulated by the RhAG glycoprotein (2002)

In most cases, the lack of Rh in Rh(null) red cells is associated with RHAG gene mutations. We explored the role of RhAG in the surface expression of Rh. Nonerythroid HEK293 cells, which lack Rh and RhAG, or erythroid K562 cells, which endogenously express RhAG but not Rh, were transfected with RhD and/or RhAG cDNAs using cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter-based expression vectors. In HEK293 cells, a low but significant expression of RhD was obtained only when RhAG was expressed at a high level. In K562 cells, as expected from the opposite effects of the phorbol ester 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol 13-acetate (TPA) on erythroid and CMV promoters, the levels of endogenous RhAG and recombinant RhD transcripts were substantially decreased and enhanced upon TPA treatment of RhD-transfected cells (K562/RhD), respectively. However, flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy analysis revealed a decreased cell-surface expression of both RhAG and RhD proteins. Conversely, TPA treatment of RhAG-transfected cells increased both the transcript and surface expression levels of RhAG. When K562/RhD cells were cotransfected by the RhAG cDNA, the TPA-mediated induction of recombinant RhAG and RhD transcription was associated with an increased membrane expression of both RhAG and RhD proteins. These results demonstrate the role of RhAG as a strictly required posttranscriptional factor regulating Rh membrane expression. In addition, because the postulated 2:2 stoichiometry between Rh and RhAG observed in the native red cell membrane could not be obtained in cotransfected K562 cells, our study also suggests that as yet unidentified protein(s) might be involved for optimal membrane expression of Rh.
Investigation on the Relationship of Insulin Resistance and Ketosis in Dairy Cows (2014)

Ketosis is an important metabolic disease of dairy cows during the transition period, but it is fully unclear about its endocrine etiology. Our study is to clarify the relationship between oxidative stress, liver function, insulin resistance and ketosis in dairy cows. Sixteen ketotic Holstein cows (T) and twenty-four non-ketotic Holstein cows (C) were used as the experimental animals from an intensive dairy farm in Heilongjiang province, China. Blood samples from all experimental cows were collected at 14 days postpartum during morning fasting. Fifteen parameters for energy balance, liver function, oxidative stress, insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance test between T and C were measured using commercial kits. Results showed that the concentration of plasma glucose (P<0.01) was lower in T compared with C cows, whereas there were marked increases in the concentration of plasma non-esterified fatty acids and beta-hydroxybutyric acid (P<0.01). The level of plasma AST (P<0.01), TBIL (P<0.05), and DBIL (P<0.01) increased significantly in T cows compared with C cows, but plasma CHE (P<0.01) and TP (P<0.05) decreased significantly, and no significant change in plasma ALT, IBIL, ALB, and GLO. Level of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) was significantly higher in ketotic cows than that of non-ketotic cows (P<0.05), but value of plasma revised quantitative insulin sensitivity index (RQUICKI) was lower significantly in T cows than that of C cows (P<0.05). Concentration of plasma Glc increased significantly in T cows compared with C cows during glucose tolerance test (P<0.05). Therefore, the ketosic cows were in condition of negative energy balance, suffered to certain extent from liver function abnormality, and experienced oxidative stress and low insulin sensitivity. Therefore, a closed relationship between ketosis and insulin resistance should be related to liver function and oxidative stress that can cause insulin resistance.
Ion response to plasma excitation frequency (1981)

The time dependence of the potential distribution in a parallel plate discharge is discussed in terms of a model which indicates the plasma potential oscillates with the applied voltage only over the positive part of the cycle. Measurements of this oscillation have been made, and the response of the ions to the oscillating field has been studied as a function of excitation frequency.
Citizenship in a Global Age (2020)

Institute for Advanced Study, Koehler led a global policy seminar for Notre Dame global affairs graduate and undergraduate students and gave the following speech on what it means to be a citizen in a global age marked by geopolitical instability, climate change, and swift technological adoption and change. IIf you look at the big picture of history, it is not a matter of course that I am speaking here today.A few hundred years ago, it would have been unthinkable for a Protestant to speak at a Catholic university.Seven decades ago -let's say, in the year I was born, 1943 -my country was the biggest enemy of the United States until it was, thankfully, defeated in a war which cost millions of lives.And finally, as the son of simple farmers who became refugees twice within the first ten years of my life, I really wasn't predestined to be called President Khler one day and give a speech at a prestigious American university.And yet I am here, and none of you seems to want to go for my throat because I am protestant, or because I am German.None of you seems to question my legitimacy to speak because I wasn't born into a family of wealth or nobility or fame.All of this -if you look at the big picture of history!-is not a matter of course.None of it should be taken for granted.Times have changed -and they have changed for the better.Humanity has made progress within the last few
Intelligent Forms Processing (1990)

The automatic reading of optically scanned forms consists of two major components: extraction of the data image from the form and interpretation of the image as coded alphanumerics. The second component is also known as optical character recognition, or OCR. We have implemented a method for entry of a wide variety of forms that contain machine-printed data and that are often produced in business environments. The function, called Intelligent Forms Processing (IFP), accepts conventional forms that call for information to be printed in designated blank areas, but in which the information may exceed boundaries due to poor registration during printing. The human eye easily accommodates data that impinge on form boundaries or on background text; however, the same powers of discrimination applied to machine processing pose a technical challenge. The IFP system uses a setup phase to create a model of each form that is to be read. Scanned forms containing data are compared against the matching form model. Special algorithms are employed to extract data fields while removing background printing (e.g., form lines) intersecting the data. The extracted data images are interpreted by an OCR process that reads typical monospace fonts. New fonts may be added easily in a separate design mode. If the data are alphabetic, a lexicon may be assembled to define the possible entries.
Re-ranking search results using document-passage graphs (2008)

We present a novel passage-based approach to re-ranking documents in an initially retrieved list so as to improve precision at top ranks. While most work on passage-based document retrieval ranks a document based on the query similarity of its constituent passages, our approach leverages information about the centrality of the document passages with respect to the initial document list. Passage centrality is induced over a bipartite document-passage graph, wherein edge weights represent document-passage similarities. Empirical evaluation shows that our approach yields effective re-ranking performance. Furthermore, the performance is superior to that of previously proposed passage-based document ranking methods.
The Suitability of Monopolar and Bipolar Ion Exchange Membranes as Separators for Biological Fuel Cells (2008)

A proton exchange (Nafion-117), a cation exchange (Ultrex CMI7000), an anion exchange (Fumasep FAD), and a bipolar (FumasepFBM) membrane have been studied to evaluate the principle suitability of ion exchange membranes as separators between the anode and the cathode compartment of biological fuel cells. The applicability of these membranes is severely affected by the neutral pH, and the usually low ionic strength of the electrolyte solutions. Thus, the ohmic resistance of the monopolar membranes was found to greatly increase at neutral pH and at decreasing electrolyte concentrations. None of the studied membranes can prevent the acidification of the anode and the alkalization of the cathode compartment, which occurs in the course of the fuel cell operation. Bipolar membranes are shown to be least suitable for biofuel cell application since they show the highest polarization without being able to prevent pH splitting between the anode and cathode compartments.
Continuous flow generation of magnetoliposomes in a low-cost portable microfluidic platform (2014)

We present a low-cost, portable microfluidic platform that uses laminated polymethylmethacrylate chips, peristaltic micropumps and LEGO® Mindstorms components for the generation of magnetoliposomes that does not require extrusion steps. Mixtures of lipids reconstituted in ethanol and an aqueous phase were injected independently in order to generate a combination of laminar flows in such a way that we could effectively achieve four hydrodynamic focused nanovesicle generation streams. Monodisperse magnetoliposomes with characteristics comparable to those obtained by traditional methods have been obtained. The magnetoliposomes are responsive to external magnetic field gradients, a result that suggests that the nanovesicles can be used in research and applications in nanomedicine.
<scp>spag</scp>e<scp>d</scp>i: a versatile computer program to analyse spatial genetic structure at the individual or population levels (2002)

Abstract spag e d i version 1.0 is a software primarily designed to characterize the spatial genetic structure of mapped individuals or populations using genotype data of codominant markers. It computes various statistics describing genetic relatedness or differentiation between individuals or populations by pairwise comparisons and tests their significance by appropriate numerical resampling. spag e d i is useful for: (i) detecting isolation by distance within or among populations and estimating gene dispersal parameters; (ii) assessing genetic relatedness between individuals and its actual variance, a parameter of interest for marker based inferences of quantitative inheritance; (iii) assessing genetic differentiation among populations, including the case of haploids or autopolyploids.
Map use in comprehensive city plans (1999)

This study examines planning maps to determine whether they include basic cartographic elements and follow good design practices, which result in effective maps. It also examines the role of city size in the production of effective planning maps. A stratified sample of 30 comprehensive plans published between 1987 and 1992 and included in the Index to Current Urban Documents is used, and the maps in these plans are evaluated. The map evaluation covers three key aspects: map elements (title, scale, neat line, sources, location name, north arrow, and locational inset); map design (balance, figure-ground contrast, hierarchical organization, and typography); and map content (completeness, accuracy, and lack of ambiguity). The study reveals that many planning maps do not meet the basic requirements for effective cartographic communication. It also suggests that city size does play a role in the production of effective maps, with smaller cities often producing better planning maps. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
High‐Performance and Low‐Power Rewritable SiO<i><sub>x</sub></i> 1 kbit One Diode–One Resistor Crossbar Memory Array (2013)

An entire 1-kilobit crossbar device based upon SiOx resistive memories with integrated diodes has been made. The SiOx-based one diode–one resistor device system has promise to satisfy the prerequisite conditions for next generation non-volatile memory applications. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Multiuser modulation classification based on cumulants in additive white Gaussian noise channel (2012)

In this study the negative impacts of interference transmitters on automatic modulation classification (AMC) have been discussed. The authors proposed two approaches for AMC in the presence of interference: single user modulation classification (SUMC) and multiuser modulation classification (MUMC). When the received power of one transmitter is larger than the other transmitters, SUMC approach recognises the modulation type of the dominant transmitter and other transmitters are treated as interferences. Alternatively when the received powers of all the transmitters are close to each other the authors propose MUMC method to recognise the modulation type of all of the transmitted signals. The features being used to recognise the modulation types of transmitted signals for the both approaches, SUMC and MUMC are higher order cumulants. The superposition property of cumulants for independent random variables is utilised for SUMC and MUMC. The authors investigated the robustness of their classifier with respect to different powers of the received signals via analytical and simulation results and the authors have shown the analytical results will be confirmed by simulations. Also the authors studied the effects of signal synchronisation error, phase jitter and frequency offset on their proposed methods via simulations in the both condition for MUMC and SUMC.
The Formation of Diselenide Bridges in Proteins by Incorporation of Selenocysteine Residues: Biosynthesis and Characterization of (Se)2-Thioredoxin (1994)

A system was devised which allows the efficient substitution of cysteine residues in a protein by selenocysteine. It involves overexpression of the respective gene with the aid of the T7 promotor/polymerase system in a cysteine auxotrophic strain. The induction of the T7 polymerase formation was performed in cysteine-supplemented medium followed by wash-out of the cysteine and production of the desired gene product in the presence of selenocysteine. The system was applied to substitute the two cysteine residues in Escherichia coli thioredoxin. Analysis of the purified gene product by electrospray mass spectrometry and HPLC revealed that both cysteine residues were replaced in approximately 75-80% of the protein, only one cysteine residue was substituted in about 5-10%, and no substitution had taken place in 12-17% of the protein. The occurrence of diselenide, seleno-sulfur, and disulfide bridges in the purified gene product was revealed by ES/MS and chemical modification studies. The diselenide bridge represents an entity in protein structures which has hitherto not been described. The redox property of the selenocysteine variant of thioredoxin [(Se)2-thioredoxin] was found to be substantially different from that of thioredoxin. Only the latter could be reduced under native conditions in the presence of an excess of beta-mercaptoethanol. The oxidized (Se)2-thioredoxin was then separated from the selectively reduced and carboxymethylated protein by anion-exchange chromatography. The purity of the isolated (Se)2-thioredoxin was at least 92%.
A Comparison of Rail-Trail Preferences between Adults with and Without Disabilities (1996)

This study compared the trail setting preferences of a group of users having disabilities and a group without. On-site interviews and follow-up mail surveys were used to gather data from 1,705 men and women age 16 and older who were using one of three multipurpose rail-trails in Iowa, California, and Florida. Preferences for 27 setting attributes of such trails were measured using 7-point Likert-type scales. Preferences between the two groups were found to differ significantly (.05 level) for only 7 attributes. Findings indicated that people with and without disabilities are more similar than different in their usage and preferences for outdoor recreation. It was concluded that there is a need for research examining ways to enhance the inclusion of people with disabilities in outdoor recreation settings.
Structurally unique plant cytochrome c oxidase isolated from wheat germ, a rich source of plant mitochondrial enzymes (1990)

Purification and characterization of plant cytochrome c oxidases have been impeded by the difficulty of obtaining enough plant mitochondria. We have found commercial wheat germ to be a rich and convenient source of mitochondrial membranes containing respiratory chain complexes in ratios and amounts similar to mitochondria prepared from etiolated seedlings. Cytochrome c oxidase was purified from these membranes by anion-exchange (MonoQ) fast protein liquid chromatography. The enzyme is highly active (turnover number up to 1000 s-1) and exhibits biphasic cytochrome c reaction kinetics similar to those of beef heart oxidase. As with other plant oxidases, the visible spectrum of wheat germ oxidase in the reduced form is blue-shifted compared to other eukaryotic cytochrome oxidases, with peaks at 441 and 602 nm. The electron paramagnetic resonance spectrum of CuA of the wheat germ enzyme is very similar to that of the maize and beef heart enzymes, suggesting that the copper environment is not altered. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels show a subunit composition in which subunits I-IV resemble those of the yeast enzyme in size and antigenicity, while three to four smaller peptides are dissimilar to yeast and other eukaryotic oxidases. A difference between the subunit composition of the wheat germ and wheat seedling enzymes suggests the existence of a developmental or tissue-specific form of cytochrome oxidase in plants.
The Market Maven: A Diffuser of Marketplace Information (1987)

The research focus is individuals who have information about many kinds of products, places to shop, and other facets of the market, and initiate discussions with and respond to information requests from other consumers. Specifically, the authors develop a Likert-type scale to measure consumers’ propensity to provide general shopping and marketplace information. Consumers scoring high on this scale are referred to as “market mavens.” Based on a national sample of 1531 households, the findings indicate that market mavens exist and that other consumers recognize them. Consumers believe market mavens are influential in their purchasing decisions. The authors document the distinctness of market mavens from other influencers. They test several propositions about the market attitudes and behaviors of market mavens, but find no clear socioeconomic and demographic profile of these influencers. The results have implications for marketing managers and suggest a reexamination of the approach to information diffusion.