gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Atomic Layer Deposition of SrB<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Films Using the Thermally Stable Precursor Bis(tris(pyrazolyl)borate)strontium (2011)

Abstract The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of strontium borate films is carried out using bis(tris(pyrazolyl)borate)strontium (SrTp 2 ) and water as precursors. Self‐limiting ALD growth is established at 350 °C with SrTp 2 and water pulse lengths of ≥ 2.0 s and ≥ 0.3 s, respectively. An ALD window is observed from 300 to 375 °C, in which the growth rate is 0.47 Å per cycle. The thin film compositions are assessed by elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). ERDA suggests compositions of SrB 2 O 4 at growth temperatures of < 350 °C, but the boron/strontium and oxygen/strontium ratios are lower than those of SrB 2 O 4 at 350 and 400 °C. Within the ALD window, hydrogen concentrations range from 0.37(42) to 0.87(7) at.‐%, and the carbon and nitrogen concentrations are below the detection limits. XPS analyses on representative strontium borate thin films show all expected ionizations. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) experiments reveal that the as‐deposited films are amorphous. The surface morphology is assessed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The rms surface roughness of typical 2 µm × 2 µm areas for films deposited at 325 and 350 °C are 0.3 and 0.2 nm, respectively. SEM images of these films show no cracks or pinholes.
UV AND VISIBLE LASER OSCILLATIONS IN FLUORINE, PHOSPHORUS, AND CHLORINE (1965)

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Noise Robust Exemplar Matching Using Sparse Representations of Speech (2014)

Performing automatic speech recognition using exemplars (templates) holds the promise to provide a better duration and coarticulation modeling compared to conventional approaches such as hidden Markov models (HMMs). Exemplars are spectrographic representations of speech segments extracted from the training data, each associated with a speech unit, e.g. phones, syllables, half-words or words, and preserve the complete spectro-temporal content of the speech. Conventional exemplar-matching approaches to automatic speech recognition systems, such as those based on dynamic time warping, have typically focused on evaluation in clean conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel noise robust exemplar matching framework for automatic speech recognition. This recognizer approximates noisy speech segments as a weighted sum of speech and noise exemplars and performs recognition by comparing the reconstruction errors of different classes with respect to a divergence measure. We evaluate the system performance in keyword recognition on the small vocabulary track of the 2nd CHiME Challenge and connected digit recognition on the AURORA-2 database. The results show that the proposed system achieves comparable results with state-of-the-art noise robust recognition systems.
Editorial (2003)

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Parallel and configurable turbo decoder implementation for 3GPP-LTE (2013)

An FPGA implementation of a highly parallel and configurable architecture for turbo decoding, compliant with the 3GPP-LTE standard is presented. This architecture can be integrated in reconfigurable platforms for software defined radio applications. A novel combination of the next iteration initialization method and the parallel and sliding window techniques is used in the MAP algorithm. This allows high throughput and reduced storage requirements, as compared to other solutions. Synthesis results on Altera FPGAs show that this architecture can reach 337.6 Mbps at 8 decoding iterations.
Adaptive control of holonomic constrained systems: a feedforward fuzzy approximation-based approach (2006)

This paper proposes a novel adaptive fuzzy control scheme for the motion/force tracking control of holonomic constrained systems with poorly understood models and disturbances. Some disadvantages of traditional adaptive fuzzy controllers are removed here. In comparison to typical state-feedback fuzzy approximation, the uncertainties are compensated based on a feedforward fuzzy approximation (FFA), which takes desired commands as the premise variables of fuzzy rules. In detail, a unified control model is introduced for representing well-known holonomic systems with an environmental constraint or a set of closed kinematic chains. Then, the FFA-based fuzzy system, adaptation mechanism, and auxiliary-compensating control are derived to ensure robust motion and force tracking in a global manner. Furthermore, a feasible solution for the derived linear matrix inequality guarantees the attenuation of both disturbances and fuzzy parameter errors in an L/sub 2/-gain sense. Finally, two applications are carried out on: 1) a two-link constrained robot and 2) two planar robots transporting a common object. Numerical simulation results show the expected performance.
Eggshell calcium in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. (2003)

In this paper the most significant biological and clinical aspects of a biopreparation made of chicken eggshells are reviewed. Eggshell powder is a natural source of calcium and other elements (e.g. strontium and fluorine) which may have a positive effect on bone metabolism. Experimental and clinical studies performed to date have shown a number of positive properties of eggshell powder, such as antirachitic effects in rats and humans. A positive effect was observed on bone density in animal models of postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized female rats. In vitro eggshell powder stimulates chondrocyte differentiation and cartilage growth. Clinical studies in postmenopausal women and women with senile osteoporosis showed that eggshell powder reduces pain and osteoresorption and increases mobility and bone density or arrests its loss. The bioavailability of calcium from this source, as tested in piglets, was similar or better than that of food grade purified calcium carbonate. Clinical and experimental studies showed that eggshell powder has positive effects on bone and cartilage and that it is suitable in the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis.
Antigen recognition induces phosphatidylserine exposure on the cell surface of human CD8+ T cells (2006)

In eukaryotic cells the phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is restricted to the inner plasma-membrane leaflet. This lipid asymmetry, which is maintained by the concerted action of phospholipid transport proteins, is mainly lost during apoptosis. Here, we demonstrate that primary human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) expose PS on T-cell receptor (TCR)-mediated antigen (Ag) recognition. In contrast to PS externalization on apoptotic cells, activation-induced PS exposure is less pronounced and reversible. Fluorescence microscopic analysis revealed that PS is distributed nonhomogenously over the plasma membrane and concentrated in membrane lipid raft domains at the immunologic synapse. By studying the activity of PS transport proteins using a fluorescence-labeled PS analogue, we found that activation of CTLs inhibited the flippase-mediated inward-directed PS transport without affecting the outward transport. Shielding of exposed PS by annexin V protein during Ag recognition diminished cytokine secretion, activation, and cell-to-cell clustering of Ag-specific CTLs. In summary, our data demonstrate for the first time that externalized PS on Ag-stimulated CTLs is linked to T-cell activation and probably involved in cell-to-cell contact formation at the immunologic synapse.
Ring Network with VLAN Tag (2005)

The proposed Ring Network with VLAN Tag offers the features of wrapping/steering control functions and 1+1 path protection function, keeping the compatibility with Ethernet media access control scheme. The key technology for “Path concept” is VLAN tag swapping operation. A set of primary and back-up paths is defined between ring nodes, which are distinguished by a flag bit in VLAN tag field. On failure detection, the path is switched within the path set by the tag swapping. Tag swapping at the failure detection node, while tag swapping at the source node achieves staring operation, achieves Wrapping operation. The restoration behavior is almost the same as that of Resilient Packet Ring (RPR). Since the tag swapping control is based on hardware processing, high-speed operation is also expected. Furthermore, because the paths are independently designed from the physical topology, the scheme can be applied to other networks than physical ring networks. The proposed scheme will fit to the path control for next generation Ethernet over WDM system.
Closest Open Location Rule in AS/RS (1987)

This article deals with the expected travel distances under Closest Open Location rule. In this paper it is shown that uniform distribution assumption over a rack, which is usually used when modeling randomized storage, is not valid under COL rule, where arrival loads follow Poisson process and duration times are independent of each other and have finite mean. We give both exact and approximate methods for the expected travel distances. Warehouse sizing problem is also included.
Quantitative Map of β-Lactone-Induced Virulence Regulation (2017)

β-Lactones have recently been introduced as the first selective ClpP inhibitors that attenuate virulence of both sensitive Staphylococcus aureus and multiresistant strains (MRSA). Although previous knockout studies showed that ClpP is essential for S. aureus alpha-toxin production, a link between β-lactone inhibition and molecular virulence mechanisms has been lacking so far. We here perform a chemical-proteomic approach to elucidate antivirulence pathways. First, we demonstrate by gel-free activity-based protein profiling that ClpP is the predominant target of β-lactones. Only a few off-targets were discovered, which, unlike ClpP, were not involved in the reduction of alpha-toxin expression. Second, in-depth mechanistic insight was provided by a full proteomic comparison between lactone treated and untreated S. aureus cells. Quantitative mass-spectrometric analysis revealed increased repressor of toxin (Rot) levels and a corresponding down-regulation of α-toxin, providing the first direct connection between the lactone-dependent phenotype and a corresponding cellular mechanism. By building up a quantitative virulence regulation network, we visualize the impact of ClpP inhibition in a systems biology context. Interestingly, a lack of in vitro Rot degradation by either ClpXP or ClpCP calls either for a proteolysis mechanism with yet unknown adaptor proteins or for an indirect mode of action that may involve ClpX-mediated RNA signaling and feedback circuits.
Transient-fault recovery for chip multiprocessors (2003)

To address the increasing susceptibility of commodity chip multiprocessors (CMPs) to transient faults, we propose Chiplevel Redundantly Threaded multiprocessor with Recovery (CRTR). CRTR extends the previously-proposed CRT for transient-fault detection in CMPs, and the previously-proposed SRTR for transient-fault recovery in SMT. All these schemes achieve fault tolerance by executing and comparing two copies, called leading and trailing threads, of a given application. Previous recovery schemes for SMT do not perform well on CMPs. In a CMP, the leading and trailing threads execute on different processors to achieve load balancing and reduce the probability of a fault corrupting both threads; whereas in an SMT, both threads execute on the same processor. The inter-processor communication required to compare the threads introduces latency and bandwidth problems not present in an SMT.To hide inter-processor latency, CRTR executes the leading thread ahead of the trailing thread by maintaining a long slack, enabled by asymmetric commit. CRTR commits the leading thread before checking and the trailing thread after checking, so that the trailing thread state may be used for recovery. Previous recovery schemes commit both threads after checking, making a long slack suboptimal. To tackle inter-processor bandwidth, CRTR not only increases the bandwidth supply by pipelining the communication paths, but also reduces the bandwidth demand. By reasoning that faults propagate through dependences, previously-proposed Dependence-Based Checking Elision (DBCE) exploits (true) register dependence chains so that only the value of the last instruction in a chain is checked. However, instructions that mask operand bits may mask faults and limit the use of dependence chains. We propose Death- and Dependence-Based Checking Elision (DDBCE), which chains a masking instruction only if the source operand of the instruction dies after the instruction. Register deaths ensure that masked faults do not corrupt later computation. Using SPEC2000, we show that CRTR incurs negligible performance loss compared to CRT for inter-processor (one-way) latency as high as 30 cycles, and that the bandwidth requirements of CRT and CRTR with DDBCE are 5.2 and 7.1 bytes/cycle, respectively.
SPG15, a new locus for autosomal recessive complicated HSP on chromosome 14q (2001)

The authors studied two families with autosomal recessive hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) complicated by the presence of additional symptoms of pigmented maculopathy, distal amyotrophy, dysarthria, mental retardation, and further intellectual deterioration. Evidence was obtained for linkage to a locus on chromosome 14q that is distinct from the SPG3 locus for autosomal dominant HSP (D14S77: lod score of 4.20 at zero recombination). Haplotype construction of nearby markers confirms the existence of this novel HSP locus (SPG15) and narrows it to a 19-cM interval flanked by D14S1038 and D14S61.
Microgrid autonomous operation during and subsequent to islanding process (2004)

Summary form only given. This paper investigates (i) preplanned switching events and (ii) fault events that lead to islanding of a distribution subsystem and formation of a microgrid. The microgrid includes two distributed generation (DG) units. One unit is a conventional rotating synchronous machine and the other is interfaced through a power electronic converter. The interface converter of the latter unit is equipped with independent real and reactive power control to minimize islanding transients and maintain both angle stability and voltage quality within the microgrid. The studies are performed based on a digital computer simulation approach using the PSCAD/EMTDC software package. The studies show that an appropriate control strategy for the power electronically interfaced DG unit can ensure stability of the micro-grid and maintain voltage quality at designated buses, even during islanding transients. This paper concludes that presence of an electronically-interfaced DG unit makes the concept of micro-grid a technically viable option for further investigations.
Application of microwave reflectometry to disordered petroleum multiphase flow study (2013)

International audience
No-thermal plasma processing of VOCs and NO{sub x} at LLNL (1995)

For the past few years, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has been conducting a comprehensive research program on the application of non-thermal plasmas for air pollution control and abatement. This program combines an extensive modeling effort with an experimental facility and test program. We believe that there are two major issues to be addressed in order to apply non-thermal plasma processing to air pollution control; these are electrical energy consumption and byproduct identification. The thrust of our work has been to understand the scalability of the non-thermal process by focusing on the energy efficiency of the non-thermal process and to identify the byproducts to ensure that effluent gases from a non-thermal processor are benign. We have compared different types of electrical discharge reactors both theoretically and experimentally. Our interests in the application of non-thermal plasmas vary from the destruction of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to NO{sub x} reduction for mobile applications. This paper will discuss the processing of both NO{sub x} and VOCs by non-thermal plasmas at LLNL.
Large-scale integrated photonics for high-performance interconnects (2011)

Moore's Law has set great expectations that the performance of information technology will improve exponentially until at least the end of this decade. Although the physics of silicon transistors alone might allow these expectations to be met, the physics of the long metal wires that cross and connect packages almost certainly will not. Global-level interconnects incorporating large-scale integrated photonics fabricated on the same platform as silicon microelectronics hold the promise of revolutionizing computing by enabling parallel many-core and network switch architectures that combine unprecedented performance and ease of use with affordable power consumption. Over the last decade, remarkable progress has been made in research on low-power silicon photonic devices for interconnect applications, and CMOS-compatible fabrication technologies promise a “Moore's Law for photonics” that could completely change the economics of integrated optics. In this survey, photonic technologies amenable to large-scale CMOS integration are reviewed from the perspective of high-performance interconnects operating over distance scales of 1mm to 100m. An overview of the requirements placed on integrated optical devices by a variety of modern computer applications leads to discussions of active and passive photonic components designed to generate, guide, filter, modulate, and detect light in the telecommunication bands. Critical challenges and prospects for large-scale integration are evaluated with an emphasis on silicon-on-insulator as a platform for photonics.
Differentiated Levels of Ganciclovir Resistance Conferred by Mutations at Codons 591 to 603 of the Cytomegalovirus UL97 Kinase Gene (2017)

Diagnostic mutations in the cytomegalovirus UL97 kinase gene are used to assess the level of associated ganciclovir resistance and therapeutic options. The best-known mutations at codons 460, 520, or 591 to 607 individually confer 5- to 10-fold-decreased ganciclovir susceptibility, except that a 3-fold decrease occurs in the case of the amino acid substitution C592G. Less common point and in-frame deletion mutations at codons 591 to 603 remain incompletely characterized. The ganciclovir susceptibilities of 17 mutants in this codon range were evaluated by use of the same recombinant phenotyping system and extensive assay replicates in two types of cell cultures. Amino acid substitutions K599E and T601M conferred no ganciclovir resistance, while A591V conferred 3.8-fold-decreased susceptibility. In-frame deletions of three or more codons conferred at least 8-fold-increased ganciclovir resistance, while the level of resistance conferred by one- or two-codon deletions varied from 4- to 10-fold, depending on their location. Measured levels of ganciclovir resistance were closely comparable when assays were performed in either fibroblasts or modified retinal epithelial cells. The significant revision of a few previously published resistance phenotypes and the new data strengthen the interpretation of genotypic testing for cytomegalovirus drug resistance.
Biodiesel from rapeseed oil, methanol and KOH. 3. Analysis of composition of actual reaction mixture (2001)

Detailed analysis is described of the samples taken after suitable reaction times from the actual reaction mixture during the production of biodiesel fuel using methanolysis of rapeseed oil catalyzed by KOH. Three methods for stoppage of reaction (neutralisation of catalyst, dilution by two suitable solvents) in the sample are used. The contents of mono-, di- and triacylglycerols, methylesters of fatty acids (biodiesel) and potassium salts of fatty acids of rapeseed oil, glycerol (by HPLC method), basicity (by potentiometric titration) and water (by GC and Karl-Fischer method) in the samples are determined. An example of these determinations is described.
An Investigation of Displayed Ground Referenced Position, Velocity, and Acceleration for Precision Hover (1975)

Abstract : This report presents a man-machine simulation investigation of displayed ground referenced acceleration, velocity, and position for a manual precision hover task. The study determined the appropriate display gains for the above parameters as a function of three different control systems: the Automatic Stabilization Equipment (ASE), the Stability Augmentation System (SAS) and the Hover Augmentation System (HAS).
Automating Three-Dimensional Finite Element Mesh Generation (1986)

A number of important advances and contributions to the topic of computer aided finite element mesh generation have been made by the Mathematics Department at the General Motors Research Laboratories. Three of these contributions, blending function interpolation and two types of triangulation mesh generation, have proven particularly useful in practical applications. The purpose of this paper is to review the development of these mesh generation activities, to discuss the weaknesses and strengths of each approach, and to describe the particular engineering applications which motivated the development of these methods and which have benefited substantially from their use. In addition, we will discuss where future research efforts should be directed to increase the flexibility and broaden the application scope for these approaches.
Positive Security, Risk Management, and Compliance (2013)

Abstract IT security and risk management professionals have traditionally focused on what can go wrong and the tools to protect and secure information and systems. That focus leads to identifying the costs of security and controls more so than their benefits. The benefits have typically been seen as protecting against negative effects of security incidents. But this article shifts the focus to the benefits of effective security and control practices in enabling the new technologies that will keep an organization innovative and competitive. It is not a treatise on specific security controls or metrics, the incidence and costs of security incidents, or the elements of risk analysis. Those are important topics, and are well covered in security and risk management literature. 1 1. See, for example: • The Institute of Internal Auditors: http://www.theiia.org • ISACA: http:// http://www.isaca.org • The IT Process Institute: http://www.itpi.org • National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), Federal Information Processing Standards Special Publications (FIPS Special Pubs) including established as well as draft publications open for public review and to offer comments: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/PubsDrafts.html#SP-800-53-Rev.% 204 • The Phoenix Project: http://itrevolution.com/books/phoenix-project-devops-novel/ • PRAGMATIC Security Metrics (a new book): http://www.securitymetametrics.com/ • The SANS Institute—Security Resources: http://www.sans. org/security-resources/ • SANS Survey on Application Security Programs and Practices December 2012: http://www.sans.org/reading_room/analysts_ program/sans_survey_appsec.pdf • Securosis is an information security research and advisory firm dedicated to transparency, objectivity, and quality, and totally obsessed with improving the practice of information security: https://securosis.com/ An apology to all the other great sources and resources, as this publication is not big enough to cover them all. Rather, this article addresses the importance of an enterprise view of the value of integrating effective controls into technology planning, justification, budgeting, scheduling, and all the other steps involved in implementing new and emerging technologies. Effective security is clearly integral to managing the burgeoning risks associated with new technologies, so it is time for security and risk professionals make sure security is factored into return on investment calculations with the benefits including staying in business and remaining competitive.