gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Meta Heuristic Search Technique for Dynamic Test Case Generation (2012)

Software testing is an inevitable activity of software development which is crucial to the software quality and consumes approximately 50% of the software development cost. Test case design is the most important activity in testing which determines software quality. The program with the moderate complexity cannot be tested completely but verified only for input situations selected as test data. Innovative methods are emerging to perform testing as a whole and unit testing in particular with minimum effort and time. Unit testing is mostly done by developers under a lot of schedule pressure since the software companies find a compromise among functionality, time to market and quality. Thus there is a need for reducing unit testing time by optimizing and automating the process. Test suite generation is an errorprone, tedious and time consuming part of unit testing. A novel technique is proposed to automatically generate test cases from the input domain using meta heuristic search technique scatter search for branch coverage criteria with respect to cyclomatic complexity measure.
Thermal coupling in integrated circuits: application to thermal testing (2001)

The power dissipated by the devices of a circuit can be construed as a signature of the circuit's performance and state. Without disturbing the circuit operation, this power consumption can be monitored by temperature measurements of the silicon die surface via built-in differential temperature sensors. In this paper, dynamic and spatial thermal behavioral characterization of VLSI MOS devices is presented using laser thermoreflectance measurements and on-chip differential temperature sensing circuits. A discussion of the application of built-in differential temperature measurements as an IC test strategy is also presented.
Minimum bandwidth dicode signalling (1986)

A mutual convertibility relationship between 50% duty cycle duobinary and minimum bandwidth (MB) dicode signals is identified through the spectral inversion of either signal by means of multiplication by a sinusoidal waveform of frequency equal to half the data bit rate and sharp bandlimiting at the Nyquist frequency. A signalling technique is described in which the mutual convertibility principle is used in order to convert a transmitted MB dicode signal into nonminimum bandwidth (NMB) dicode form at the signal destination for data recovery purposes.Drawings of relevant waveforms and spectra obtained from a special-purpose computer simulation verify the basic concept. The evidence obtained from a practical implementation of the MB dicode signalling technique shows that both MB dicode signals and their duobinary counterparts can be converted to NMB dicode form having an error performance within 1.5 dB of the optimum obtainable for Class 1 partial response (PR) signals, without recourse to decision feedback equalization (DFE) at the signal destination.
Changes in Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Percentages and Function of Neutrophils in Stressed Channel Catfish (1991)

Channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus were subjected to a simulated handling (including bleeding) and transport stress. Using flow cytometry in conjunction with monoclonal antibodies to channel catfish B and T lymphocytes (minimal cross-reaction with thrombocytes) and neutrophils coupled with routine hematological methods, we demonstrated significant decreases in the percentage of B lymphocytes and increases in T lymphocytes and neutrophils of transported fish, yet there was no change in neutrophil phagocytic function. These data suggest that the length of the stressing event or the duration of exposure of the neutrophils to cortisol could determine if immune responses become suppressed. These data prompted us to expose channel catfish in vivo, and isolated neutrophils in vitro, to cortisol at various concentrations and for various time periods. Exposure of neutrophils to cortisol concentrations of 100 μg/dL for 2 h did not suppress phagocytosis; however, significant decreases in the percent phagocytosis and bacterial killing and increases in total number of neutrophils isolated were obtained after repeated in vivo administration of cortisol. The results of these experiments indicate (1) that bleeding, handling, and transport of channel catfish induce a characteristic relative lymphopenia and neutrophilia, (2) that cortisol does not act alone to induce suppression of phagocytic function (based on the in vitro administration of cortisol), and (3) that high physiological concentration of cortisol in vivo can initiate phagocytic suppression. In general, the intraperitoneal cortisol injection experiments suggested that stress on channel catfish that produces a concomitant high serum concentration of cortisol can suppress neutrophil phagocytic function, perhaps providing an avenue for the onset of infection.
Non-commutative time-frequency tomography (1997)

The characterization of non-stationary signals requires joint time and frequency information. However, time (t) and frequency (omega) being non-commuting variables there cannot be a joint probability density in the (t,omega) plane and the time-frequency distributions, that have been proposed, have difficult interpretation problems arising from negative or complex values and spurious components. As an alternative we propose to obtain time-frequency information by looking at the marginal distributions along rotated directions in the (t,omega) plane. The rigorous probability interpretation of the marginal distributions avoids all interpretation ambiguities. Applications to signal analysis and signal detection are discussed as well as an extension of the method to other pairs of non-commuting variables.
Quantity of virulent fowl adenovirus serotype 1 correlates with clinical signs, macroscopical and pathohistological lesions in gizzards following experimental induction of gizzard erosion in broilers (2013)

In the present study day-old specific-pathogen-free (SPF) and commercial broilers with maternally derived fowl adenovirus serotype 1 (FAdV-1) antibodies were orally infected with a European "pathogenic" FAdV-1, isolated from broilers showing signs of gizzard erosion. During the experiment, broilers were observed and weighed daily up to 17 days post infection (dpi). Clinically, both infected groups showed significant decrease of weight compared to respective negative control groups. Birds were examined by necropsy at 3, 7, 10, 14 and 17 dpi. Pathological changes in the gizzards were noticed in both experimentally infected groups from 7 dpi onwards. Macroscopically, erosion of the koilin layer and inflammation or ulceration of the gizzard mucosa were observed. Histologically, presence of FAdV-1 in intranuclear inclusion bodies of degenerated glandular epithelial cells was demonstrated by in-situ hybridization and inflammatory cell infiltration of the lamina propria, submucosa and muscle layer was detected. Tissue samples were investigated by a recently developed real-time PCR and the viral DNA load was calculated from gizzard, liver, spleen and cloacal swabs with the highest amounts of FAdV-1 DNA found in the gizzard. For the first time, successful reproduction of clinical signs in broilers as well as pathological lesions in the gizzard were achieved with a European FAdV-1 isolate displaying some genetic differences to so far reported virulent FAdV-1 from Japan. Furthermore, highest viral load in gizzards could be linked with macroscopical and histological lesions. Therefore, the conducted analyses provide important insights into the pathogenesis of adenoviral gizzard erosion.
Gastrointestinal Autonomic Dysfunction in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease (2015)

Currently, gastrointestinal dysfunctions in Parkinson's disease (PD) are well-recognized problems and are known to be an initial symptom in the pathological process that eventually results in PD. Gastrointestinal symptoms may result from the involvement of either the central or enteric nervous systems, or these symptoms may be side effects of antiparkinsonian medications. Weight loss, excessive salivation, dysphagia, nausea/gastroparesis, constipation, and defecation dysfunction all may occur. Increased identification and early detection of these symptoms can result in a significant improvement in the quality of life for PD patients.
Machine Learning Methods to Perform Pricing Optimization. A Comparison with Standard GLMs (2018)

International audience
STUDY OF ELECTRON FOCUSING BY NON-LINEAR SPIRALS (1962)

The problem of a plane-to-plane electrostatic image-tube was attacked by theoretical, as well as by experimental, methods. Large spiral-lens cylinders were designed and built to handle focusing and accelerator functions involved. High transmission meshes, both flat and spherical, were prepared for use in test tubes. Raytracing studies revealed that an internal convex mesh-anode can produce a convex virtual-image surface from a flat cathode-plane, under certain conditions. Tubes built on that basis showed definite effects from the convex versus the concave shape of the mesh. These effects, however, were too weak to be usable. A triode system, using a strongly convex mesh of conchoidal shape, facing a plane cathode behind a flat first anode mesh, was giving good results. The theory of this aplanatic system, along with some pictorial evidence, is given. (Author)
Perspectives in gene therapy. (1998)

Gene therapy is understood to be both the restitution of genetic alterations caused by mutation or deletion and the control of overexpressed genes. The concept of gene therapy can also encompass molecular strategies to induce cell death in tumor cell by either the so-called "suicided genes" or by certain viral genes that induce a more selective cell death among the transformed cells. The prospect for the clinical application of gene therapy are enormous and, at least theoretically, its utilization can be extended to a number of diseases known to have a genetic basis, and to neoplastic processes. This review summarizes some of the projects that are currently underway involving neoplastic diseases, liver diseases, hematopoietic cells and respiratory tract cells. The results of most of the ongoing protocols are not yet conclusive, and presumibly, their clinical application is still some years away. One of the major limitations is the method of introducing the genetic sequences into the cells and achieving their constitutive expression by the cells. For ethical reasons, this approach should not be done in germ cells, but at the level of the tissue or cells most closely involved in the development of each gene-based disease. The methods employed in gene therapy are discussed, focusing on those mediated by the application of viral vectors, as well as those requiring the use of liposomes and others.
Cancer Chemoprevention and Apoptosis Mechanisms Induced by Dietary Polyphenolics (2000)

This review summarises current knowledge on the various molecular chemopreventive or therapeutic mechanisms that may be involved when the administration of flavonoids or polyphenols prevented chemical carcinogenesis in animal models. These mechanisms can be subdivided into the following: 1) the molecular mechanisms involved in preventing carcinogen metabolic activation, 2) the molecular mechanisms for preventing tumour cell proliferation by inactivation or downregulation of prooxidant enzymes or signal transduction enzymes, 3) the molecular cell death mechanisms for the induction of tumour cell death (apoptosis) and the molecular mechanisms for the inhibition of isolated mitochondria functions. Many of the flavonoids and polyphenols found in diets, supplements or herbal medicine were also ranked using "accelerated cytotoxic mechanism screening" by a combinatorial approach utilising isolated rat hepatocytes. A strong correlation of an early collapse of the mitochondrial membrane potential and cell death was found for most of the cytotoxic polyphenols but did not occur with non-toxic polyphenols. This screening could prove useful for eliminating polyphenols that have the potential for adverse health effects and for selecting safe and effective polyphenolic candidates for further development as supplements for preventing cancer or cardiovascular disease. Safety concerns of flavonoid/polyphenol supplements are also reviewed.
ChemInform Abstract: From Microporous to Mesoporous Molecular Sieve Materials and Their Use in Catalysis (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Tribological behavior of amorphous carbon nitride overcoats for magnetic thin-film rigid disks (1995)

Amorphous carbon nitride coatings of thickness of 5 and 30 nm were deposited onto 65 and 95 mm magnetic thin-film rigid disks surfaces using single-cathode and dual-cathode magnetron sputtering systems containing nitrogen-argon plasmas. Under optimum deposition conditions, amorphous carbon nitride coatings can be synthesized on ultrasmooth thin-film disks with no significant pinholes at thickness down to 5 nm, with hardness 22-28 GPa (compared to 7-12 GPa for amorphous carbon), and r.m.s. roughness as low as 0.25 nm. These amorphous carbon nitride coatings were shown to have better contact-start-stop performance and three-to-four times better pin-on-disk contact durability compared with amorphous carbon overcoats under identical testing conditions. Amorphous carbon nitride appears to be a promising candidate overcoat material for replacing amorphous carbon in the next-generation magnetic thin-film rigid disk systems.
Fully distributed power routing for an ad hoc nanogrid (2013)

This paper details a model for an ad hoc self-organized nanogrid based on distributed energy sources. The proposed concept draws inspiration from ad hoc computer networks and aims at creating an adaptive, scalable, and reliable power network to support energy provisioning with limited planning when the main grid is unavailable or severely damaged. Such a system could be used to support electrification and energy sharing in isolated rural areas, or to help emergency response crews in disaster relief situations. To control the operation of the nanogrid, we detail an autonomous fully distributed protocol that enables on demand dynamic configuration of power transmission paths between power sources and load devices across a mesh of intelligent routing nodes. The adaptiveness, resiliency, and scalability of our solution is demonstrated through simulation experiments.
Power Augmentation Effects of a Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine With a Tip Vane—Part 2: Flow Visualization (1994)

This paper presents a discussion of the physics of the flow discussed in our first report (Shimizu, Y. et al., 1990). By visualizing the flow around the tip vane, the following results were drawn: 1) The strength of the tip vortex, the induced drag and turbulence on the blade tip can be diminished with a tip vane. 2) The inflow rate to the rotary surface of wind turbine can be increased with the tip vane.
OFDM channel estimation in the presence of frequency offset and phase noise (2004)

In this paper, we consider OFDM channel estimation in the presence of frequency offset and phase noise. In the literatures, most channel estimation methods assume perfect frequency synchronization and the knowledge of channel statistics. Phase noise and residual frequency offset cause inter-carrier interference (ICI), which consequently impairs the accuracy of channel estimation. The lack of knowledge of channel statistics can make channel estimation much harder. To resolve these problems, we propose with the aid of cyclic prefix (CP) based frequency offset estimation statistics-independent channel estimation. We iteratively search for the most likely channel impulse response (CIR) length, and use it not only for the optimum compensation of frequency offset, but also for finding the optimum window to filter the least square (LS) channel estimate which further suppress the effects of ICI and noise. The proposed scheme is compared with conventional methods for both non-interpolation and interpolation cases. Numerical results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Biodiesel from meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L.) seed oil: oxidative stability and unusual fatty acid composition (2010)

Meadowfoam (Limnanthes alba L.) seed oil methyl esters (MFME), prepared by a standard transesterification procedure using methanol and sodium methoxide catalyst from refined meadowfoam oil (MFO), were evaluated as a potential biodiesel fuel. MFME contains the unusual 5(Z)-eicosenoate (64.2 wt%) and 5(Z),13(Z)-docosadienoate (18.9 wt%). The cetane number of MFME, 66.9, is among the highest ever reported for a biodiesel fuel. In addition, MFME exhibited exceptionally high oxidative stability of 41.5 h by the Rancimat method. Kinematic viscosity was determined as 6.18 mm2 s−1. The cloud, cold filter plugging and pour points of MFME were determined as −6, −9, and −10 °C, respectively. Blending MFME with soybean oil methyl esters (SME) provided kinematic viscosity and oxidative stability values within ranges specified in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Other properties such as acid value, free and total glycerol content, as well as sulfur and phosphorus contents were below limits specified in ASTM D6751 and EN 14214. Also reported are lubricity, heat of combustion, and Gardner color. For sake of comparison of some fuel properties, MFME was also prepared from crude meadowfoam oil. The most conspicuous difference in fuel properties was the even greater oxidative stability of 71.6 h by the Rancimat method of MFME from crude MFO. Addition of MFME (from refined MFO) to petrodiesel improved lubricity of ultra-low sulfur petrodiesel while not adversely affecting oxidative stability and low temperature operability. In summary, MFME has unusual fuel properties as a result of its unique fatty acid composition and appears to be a satisfactory blend component for SME and petrodiesel.
Block motion estimation based on selective integral projections (2003)

Existing fast block motion estimation algorithms, which try to reduce the number of search points, utilize the motion vector (MV) characteristics of high spatial correlation as well as center-biased distribution, in predicting an initial MV. Even though they provide good performance for slow motion sequences, they suffer from poor accuracy for fast or complex motion sequences. We propose a new fast and efficient block motion estimation algorithm. The proposed algorithm utilizes a new predictor obtained from one-dimensional feature matching based on selective integral projections. This low complexity procedure enables the selection of a better initial search point so that a simple gradient descent search near this point may be enough to find the global minimum point. Compared with previous fast search algorithms, the proposed algorithm has a lower computational complexity and provides better prediction performance, especially for fast or complex motion sequences.
A Digital Object Approach to Interoperable Rights Management (2001)

value of some basic type in a DynAny object . . . .
Upregulation of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 correlated with synovitis severity in rheumatoid arthritis (2012)

Elevated synovial TRAF6 expression correlated with synovitis severity and CD68+ cell density in RA. It is, therefore, hypothesized that synovial TRAF6 is involved in the pathogenesis of synovial inflammation and osteoclast differentiation in RA.
Comparison of [11C]PBR28 and [18F]FEPPA as CNS peripheral benzodiazepine receptor PET ligands in the pig (2008)

320 Objectives: Peripheral benzodiazepine receptors are involved in macrophage activities and provide an important marker for inflammation in brain and other organs. These receptors have been so far radiolabeled for PET with [11C]PK11195, a tracer with limited imaging properties. More recently, several new PBR tracers have been reported, such as [11C]PBR28 (pKi = 9.66, cLogD = 3.3 – Briard, J Label Compd Radiopharm 2005) and its fluoroethyl derivative [18F]FEPPA (pKi=10.16, cLogD=3.5 – Wilson, J Label Compd Radiopharm 2007). Our aim was to evaluate and compare [11C]PBR28 and [18F]FEPPA in the healthy pig brain. Methods: Two pigs underwent PET scans with [11C]PBR28 and [18F]FEPPA at baselines and following a receptor saturating dose of PK11195 (5mg/kg). Total volumes of distribution (VD) were calculated with one tissue compartment models based on arterial input function. Results: [11C]PBR28 exhibited higher regional binding potentials (BPND) than [18F]FEPPA e.g. frontal cortex BPND was 5.8 ± 2.3 vs 0.8 ± 0.2 for (p Conclusions: Both tracers are excellent PBR markers. [11C]PBR28 exhibits better imaging characteristics but the longer half-life of [18F]FEPPA make it a better choice for multicenter studies
Silatrane as a Practical and Selective Reagent for the Reduction of Aryl Aldehydes to Benzylic Alcohols (2016)

Abstract Hydrosilanes are cheap, readily available substrates, yet they do not see as extensive use for simple carbonyl reductions as borohydrides. Hydrosilane reducing agents broadly fall into one of two general categories: either a) they are easy to handle and require expensive and/or hazardous additives, or b) they are difficult and/or dangerous to handle. This work details the discovery of mild and functional group compatible conditions utilizing hydrosilatrane for the selective reduction of aryl aldehydes to benzylic alcohols without unwanted formation of ethers or deoxygenated products. This method offers significant advances in silane reductions as silatrane is an air‐ and moisture‐stable yet relatively reactive reducing agent that can be used in benchtop open air reactions.
On the effectiveness of anonymizing networks for web search privacy (2011)

Web search has emerged as one of the most important applications on the internet, with several search engines available to the users. There is a common practice among these search engines to log and analyse the user queries, which leads to serious privacy implications. One well known solution to search privacy involves issuing the queries via an anonymizing network, such as Tor, thereby hiding one's identity from the search engine. A fundamental problem with this solution, however, is that user queries are still obviously revealed to the search engine, although they are "mixed" among the queries issued by other users of the same anonymization service.
The General Hospital and Mental Health Care: A British Perspective (1995)

For over a century, the specialist mental hospital was the basis of psychiatric care in all industrialized countries. Britain was among the first to establish national requirements for asylum care, although these institutions were financed and managed locally. Psychiatric treatment in general hospitals began in the later eighteenth century, but, except for some outpatient clinics, this practice ended prematurely in the mid-nineteenth century, not to resume until after World War II. The National Health Service (NHS) provided the framework within which general hospital psychiatry was re-created, forming the nucleus for district services. Although the intent of NHS reform in the 1980s was to establish a reduced market hospital system that would continue to offer long-term care, this service seems likely to continue for only a few more years. ¿Reforms¿ in the NHS and social services have placed the whole of British mental health care in a situation of uncertainty.