gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast Response of Organic Photodetectors Utilizing Multilayered Metal-Phthalocyanine Thin Films (2003)

Multilayered photodetectors have been fabricated by using metal phthalocyanines as hole and electron transporting layers. From the dark and photocurrent density and applied voltage characteristics, the open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current density for the 5 periods of multilayered photodetector are about 0.3 V and 0.2 mA cm-2, respectively. The photoresponse, irradiating pulsed light with the wavelength of 640 nm, has also been measured. The photogenerated excitons dissociate to free holes and electrons by relatively rapid charge transfer across closely stacked organic layer interfaces. The 3 dB bandwidth of the device has been improved by applying a reverse bias field to the device and by decreasing the individual photo-absorbing layers while keeping the total layer thickness constant. A cutoff frequency of 1 MHz has been obtained for 5 periods of multilayered titanyl phthalocyanine/fluorinated zinc phthalocyanine photodetector by applying a reverse bias voltage of -5 V.
New anti‐tumor agents. <b>2</b>. Benzopyranylamine compounds (1996)

Abstract Pyrrolidine, morpholine and piperidine derived Mannich bases of types 1–3 react with acetone, propionaldehyde and butyraldehyde to form 2‐methyl and 3‐methylbenzopyrans of types 4–8 . Hydrolysis of these benzopyrans yields alcoholic benzopyrans which readily condense with a variety of amine, aniline and hydrazine derivatives to form diverse isomeric benzopyrans of types of 9 and 10 . The benzopyrans 4–9 which contain a 3,4,5‐trimethoxyphenyl ring are active anti‐tumor agents, particularly against human breast, CNS and colon cancer cell lines, total growth inhibition of these tumors often occurring in vitro at concentrations as low as 10 −5 ‐10 −6 moles/1. Because of their in vitro activities and unusual structures a number of these benzopyrans have been selected for in vivo Xenograft testing against breast and other susceptible human cancers.
Comparison of multi‐subject ICA methods for analysis of fMRI data (2010)

Spatial independent component analysis (ICA) applied to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data identifies functionally connected networks by estimating spatially independent patterns from their linearly mixed fMRI signals. Several multi-subject ICA approaches estimating subject-specific time courses (TCs) and spatial maps (SMs) have been developed, however, there has not yet been a full comparison of the implications of their use. Here, we provide extensive comparisons of four multi-subject ICA approaches in combination with data reduction methods for simulated and fMRI task data. For multi-subject ICA, the data first undergo reduction at the subject and group levels using principal component analysis (PCA). Comparisons of subject-specific, spatial concatenation, and group data mean subject-level reduction strategies using PCA and probabilistic PCA (PPCA) show that computationally intensive PPCA is equivalent to PCA, and that subject-specific and group data mean subject-level PCA are preferred because of well-estimated TCs and SMs. Second, aggregate independent components are estimated using either noise-free ICA or probabilistic ICA (PICA). Third, subject-specific SMs and TCs are estimated using back-reconstruction. We compare several direct group ICA (GICA) back-reconstruction approaches (GICA1-GICA3) and an indirect back-reconstruction approach, spatio-temporal regression (STR, or dual regression). Results show the earlier group ICA (GICA1) approximates STR, however STR has contradictory assumptions and may show mixed-component artifacts in estimated SMs. Our evidence-based recommendation is to use GICA3, introduced here, with subject-specific PCA and noise-free ICA, providing the most robust and accurate estimated SMs and TCs in addition to offering an intuitive interpretation.
A review of the intraosseous course of the nerves of the mandible. (1991)

A review of the literature revealed that a common feature of all human mandibles is a large nerve (inferior alveolar nerve, IAN) between the mandibular and mental foramina. This nerve sends branches directly to the teeth or contributes a variable number of branches to a plexus of nerves which does the same. The plexus originates from a separate nerve that enters the mandibular foramen. The nerve plexus has been demonstrated by dissections and not by radiology. The buccal-lingual and superior-inferior positions of the IAN were not consistent among mandibles. The intramandibular IAN frequently ran a concave curve with a posterior segment descending as it progressed anteriorly and an anterior segment that ascended to the mental foramen. A bony canal was not always observed between the mandibular and mental foramina. The canal frequently lacked definite walls, especially near the mental foramen. Bilateral symmetry (location of the canal in each half of the mandible) was common, whereas duplications of the canal were rare. Nutrient canals and other branches of the mandibular nerve have been observed within the mandible. These may have been confused for the IAN or may contribute to the plexus of nerves.
Impact of Autolytic, Proteolytic, and Nisin-Producing Adjunct Cultures on Biochemical and Textural Properties of Cheddar Cheese (2004)

The effect of incorporating a highly autolytic strain (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus UL12) a proteolytic strain (Lactobacillus casei subsp. casei L2A), or a nisin Z-producing strain (Lactococcus lactis, subsp. lactis biovar diacetylactis UL719) into Cheddar cheese starter culture (Lactococcus lactis KB and Lactococcus cremoris KB) on physicochemical and rheological properties of the resultant cheeses was examined. Cheeses were ripened at 7 degrees C and analyzed over a 6-mo period for viable lactococcal and lactobacilli counts, pH, titratable acidity (TA), lipolysis, proteolysis, and textural characteristics. The combination of the nisin-producing strain and autolytic adjuncts significantly increased the production of water-soluble nitrogen, free amino acids, and free fatty acids. The effect of Lc. diacetylactis UL719 alone or of Lb. casei L2A on water-soluble nitrogen and free amino acid contents were also significant, whereas their effect on free fatty acids was not. Viable counts of Lb. bulgaricus UL12 were significantly reduced in the presence of Lc. diacetylactis UL719. Lactobacilli-containing cheeses showed significantly lower values for hardness, fracturability, and springiness. It could be concluded that the addition of Lb. bulgaricus UL12 together with a nisin-producing strain produces a greater increase in cheese proteolysis and an improvement in Cheddar cheese texture.
The Use of Recombinase Proteins to Generate Transgenic Large Animals (2001)

The endogenous properties of recombinase proteins allow them to associate with and bind DNA to catalyze homologous recombination. These endogenous properties of cellular recombination enzymes may be useful to the field of transgenesis. The production of transgenic animals, in particular livestock, is an inefficient process by both conventional pronuclear microinjection techniques and nuclear transfer. Furthermore, the use of pronuclear microinjection is currently limited to the random addition of genes and does not allow for the replacement of an endogenous gene with a more desired one. The functions of cellular recombination enzymes have been exploited to develop a technique that is compatible with pronuclear microinjection and may make the process of generating transgenic livestock more efficient while also enabling the targeting of homologous chromosomal genes. In our hands, transgenic animals generated by the pronuclear microinjection of various recombinase protein-coated DNA fragments led to a higher than expected birth rate as well as transgene integration frequency. Most founder animals generated were likely mosaic, indicating that integration occurred after cell division. The presence of multiple related genes makes detection of any recombination event difficult. Overall, this technique is a straightforward, rapid, and efficient procedure that can be applied to any segment of DNA and any microinjection apparatus, and is less labor intensive than nuclear transfer.
Quantitative Methods of Materials Selection (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Initial Screening of Materials Comparing and Ranking Alternative Solutions Selecting the Optimum Solution Case Study in Materials Selection Materials Substitution Case Study in Materials Substitution Sources of Information and Computer-Assisted Selection References
Mapping of Ebolavirus Neutralization by Monoclonal Antibodies in the ZMapp Cocktail Using Cryo-Electron Tomography and Studies of Cellular Entry (2016)

The recent West African outbreak of ebolavirus caused the deaths of more than 11,000 individuals. Hence, there is an urgent need to be prepared with vaccines and therapeutics for similar future disasters. ZMapp, a cocktail of three MAbs directed against the ebolavirus glycoprotein, is a promising anti-ebolavirus therapeutic. Using cryo-electron tomography, we provide structural information on how each of the MAbs in this cocktail binds to the ebolavirus glycoprotein as it is displayed-embedded in the membrane and present at high density-on filamentous viruslike particles that recapitulate the surface structure and entry functions of ebolavirus. Moreover, after confirming that two of the MAbs bind to the same region in the base of the glycoprotein, we show that they competitively block the entry function of the glycoprotein and that they can do so after the glycoprotein is proteolytically primed and bound to its intracellular receptor, Niemann-Pick C1. These findings should inform future developments of ebolavirus therapeutics.
Intestinal NaCl transport in NHE2 and NHE3 knockout mice (2002)

Sodium/proton exchangers [Na(+)/H(+) (NHEs)] play an important role in salt and water absorption from the intestinal tract. To investigate the contribution of the apical membrane NHEs, NHE2 and NHE3, to electroneutral NaCl absorption, we measured radioisotopic Na(+) and Cl(-) flux across isolated jejuna from wild-type [NHE(+)], NHE2 knockout [NHE2(-)], and NHE3 knockout [NHE3(-)] mice. Under basal conditions, NHE(+) and NHE2(-) jejuna had similar rates of net Na(+) (approximately 6 microeq/cm(2) x h) and Cl(-) (approximately 3 microeq/cm(2) x h) absorption. In contrast, NHE3(-) jejuna had reduced net Na(+) absorption (approximately 2 microeq/cm(2) x h) but absorbed Cl(-) at rates similar to NHE(+) and NHE2(-) jejuna. Treatment with 100 microM 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl) amiloride (EIPA) completely inhibited net Na(+) and Cl(-) absorption in all genotypes. Studies of the Na(+) absorptive flux (J) indicated that J in NHE(+) jejunum was not sensitive to 1 microM EIPA, whereas J in NHE3(-) jejunum was equally sensitive to 1 and 100 microM EIPA. Treatment with forskolin/IBMX to increase intracellular cAMP (cAMP(i)) abolished net NaCl absorption and stimulated electrogenic Cl(-) secretion in all three genotypes. Quantitative RT-PCR of epithelia from NHE2(-) and NHE3(-) jejuna did not reveal differences in mRNA expression of NHE3 and NHE2, respectively, when compared with jejunal epithelia from NHE(+) siblings. We conclude that 1) NHE3 is the dominant NHE involved in small intestinal Na(+) absorption; 2) an amiloride-sensitive Na(+) transporter partially compensates for Na(+) absorption in NHE3(-) jejunum; 3) cAMP(i) stimulation abolishes net Na(+) absorption in NHE(+), NHE2(-), and NHE3(-) jejunum; and 4) electroneutral Cl(-) absorption is not directly dependent on either NHE2 or NHE3.
Imaging molecular interactions in cells by dynamic and static fluorescence anisotropy (rFLIM and emFRET) (2003)

We report the implementation and exploitation of fluorescence polarization measurements, in the form of anisotropy fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (rFLIM) and energy migration Förster resonance energy transfer (emFRET) modalities, for wide-field, confocal laser-scanning microscopy and flow cytometry of cells. These methods permit the assessment of rotational motion, association and proximity of cellular proteins in vivo. They are particularly applicable to probes generated by fusions of visible fluorescence proteins, as exemplified by studies of the erbB receptor tyrosine kinases involved in growth-factor-mediated signal transduction.
High affinity binding and direct antiproliferative effects of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone analogs in human endometrial cancer cell lines. (1993)

Although specific binding sites for LH-releasing hormone (LHRH) and its analogs have been demonstrated in biopsy samples of human endometrial cancer, their biological significance remains obscure. In this study we evaluated whether binding sites for LHRH are also present in the human endometrial cancer cell lines HEC-1A and Ishikawa and if such sites could mediate antiproliferative effects of LHRH analogs. Using [125I,D-Trp6]LHRH as a ligand, a high affinity/low capacity binding site was detected in both lines: HEC-1A line, dissociation constant (Kd)1 = 5.7 x 10(-9) mol/L, binding capacity (Bmax)1 = 78 fmol/10(6) cells; Ishikawa line, Kd1 = 4.2 x 10(-9) mol/L, Bmax1 = 29 fmol/10(6) cells. In addition, a second class of low affinity/high capacity binding sites for LHRH was demonstrated (HEC-1A line, Kd2 = 1.4 x 10(-6) mol/L, Bmax2 = 21 pmol/10(6) cells; Ishikawa, Kd2 = 4 x 10(-6) mol/L, Bmax2 = 32 pmol/10(6) cells). In the presence of 10(-5) mol/L agonist [D-Trp6]LHRH (triptorelin), the proliferation of HEC-1A and Ishikawa cell lines was significantly reduced to 76 +/- 2% and 88 +/- 4% of controls, respectively, after 24 h and to 64 +/- 2% and 62 +/- 2%, respectively, after 6 days. Dose-response experiments showed that lower concentrations (10(-9) mol/L) of the agonist decreased the proliferation to 80 +/- 1% for the HEC-1A line and 71 +/- 2% of controls for the Ishikawa line after 6 days. Antiproliferative effects are enhanced by increasing the doses of triptorelin and were maximal in this series of experiments at 10(-5) mol/L, the proliferation in the HEC-1A line being 62 +/- 1% and in the Ishikawa line 52 +/- 2% of controls, respectively. Similar time- and dose-dependent antiproliferative effects were obtained in both cell lines with the LHRH antagonist SB-75 (cetrorelix). These data suggest that LHRH analogs can directly inhibit the proliferation of human endometrial cancer cells in vitro. This direct action could be mediated through the high affinity LHRH binding sites.
Information Efficiency in Financial and Betting Markets (2005)

The degree to which markets incorporate information is one of the most important questions facing economists today. This book provides a fascinating study of the existence and extent of information efficiency in financial markets, with a special focus on betting markets. Betting markets are selected for study because they incorporate features highly appropriate to a study of information efficiency, in particular the fact that each bet has a well-defined end point at which its value becomes certain. Using international examples, this book reviews and analyses the issue of information efficiency in both financial and betting markets. Part I is an extensive survey of the existing literature, while Part II presents a range of readings by leading academics. Insights gained from the book will interest students of financial economics, financial market analysts, mathematicians and statisticians, and all those with a special interest in finance or gambling.
Physicochemical and radiochemical aspects of separation of radioiodine from TeO<sub>2</sub>-targets (2000)

The radio-isotopes of iodine with mass-numbers 120, 123, and 124 are available via proton or deuteron induced reaction on enriched TeO2 targets with medical PET cyclotrons. The radioiodine can easily be separated from irradiated TeO 2 targets using a dry thermo-chromatographic process. The half-time for the release of radioiodine from molten TeO 2 samples as a function of the sample geometry and temperature has been studied systematically. Only 2 minutes are needed to release the radioiodine with >95% yield. Another 10 minutes are needed to trap the released iodine from the gas phase. An Al 2 O 3 filter can be used to trap the released iodine intermediately and to clean the iodine from traces of evaporated TeO 2 . The activation energy for the release process has been determined to be QA = (170±30) kJ/mol which indicates, that convection contributes significantly to the release. For the adsorption-desorption process of iodine from Al 2 O 3 the activation energy was measured to be Q ad = (90±14) kJ/mol. The desorption half-time was <5 sec for T = 800°C. Dry Al 2 O 3 columns can be used as a thermochromatographic 132 Te- 132 I generator. The released iodine exhibits electrophilic properties, suitable for labelling procedures directly from the gas phase. Most likely the iodine is transported in the gas phase in the form of free radicals I*.
Beyond the limits of classic backscattering communications: A quantum tunneling RFID tag (2017)

Sensor networks, radio-equipped drones, and satellites are widely used to retrieve sensor data in many applications such as health care, smart cities and precision agriculture. Nevertheless, the high-power costs of communication per distance unit lead to poor technical solutions, particularly in terms of flexibility and efficiency. A future of devices connected through an Internet of Things (IoT) network will require billions of sensors that will affect costs and increase the energy requirements if not equipped with backscattering technologies such as RFID. This work shows how a quantum tunneling RFID tag enables the use of RFIDs in new applications by minimizing battery waste and by drastically improving the range of backscattering systems. The highly sensitive 5.8 GHz quantum tunneling RFID tag achieves backscattering free space ranges above 1.2 km while consuming biasing powers as low as 20.4 μW. This is over 10 times higher than the maximum range of a semi-passive 5.8 GHz RFID ideal link. The quantum tunneling tag is characterized by return gains as high as 35 dB, a simple RF front-end, a sensitivity of -84 dBm, and increasing SNRs for increasing RF impinging powers. This work lays out the basis for both entrepreneurial and research activities that will lead to a new class of long-range backscattering passive sensors with power consumption far lower than traditional radios.
Testing the effect of Limnodrilus sp. (Oligochaeta, Tubificidae) on organic matter and nutrient processing in the hyporheic zone: a microcosm method (2000)

A set of slow filtration columns was developed to test the effect of macrofauna on hyporheic zone functioning. In a first step, the suitability of the experimental system was tested by measuring the variability in water flux, sediment redistribution, dissolved oxygen, number of ETS-active bacteria, and number of bacteria among columns. The results indicated a low variability between columns filled with heterogeneous sand-gravel sediments and without macrofauna. In a second step, the effect of the tubificid worm Limnodrilus sp. on organic matter and nutrient processing was investigated in experimental conditions. Physicochemical parameters (pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, ammonium, nitrite, and nitrate contents) and microbial parameters (number of ETS-active bacteria, number of bacteria, and hydrolytic activity) were measured at different depths and dates in four columns. A number of 100 individuals of Limnodrilus sp. was introduced into three of the four columns whereas the last column without macrofauna served as a control. The test with oligochaetes demonstrated a stimulation of microbial activities at all depths. Tubificid worms tended to enhance nutrient and organic matter processing in the experimental system. These results suggest that tubificid worms play a specific role at the hyporheic interface due to their particular mode of feeding.
Efficient RhII binaphthol phosphate catalysts for enantioselective intramolecular tandem carbonyl ylide formation–cycloaddition of α-diazo-β-keto esters (1999)

Catalytic enantioselective tandem carbonyl ylide formation–cycloadditions of α-diazo-β-keto ester 1 using 0.5 mol% dirhodium tetrakis(1,1′-binaphthyl-2,2′-diyl phosphate) catalysts 7–9 and 14 to give the cycloadduct 3 in good yields and up to 90% ee are described.
Total cost reduction in the laboratory: a team effort. (1994)

The laboratory has been seen as a revenue source and its product a commodity. In fact, good laboratories have always provided more of a service. As health care strives to reduce the cost of an episode of care, the laboratory may, ironically, incur additional costs to provide testing that contributes to earlier diagnosis and decreased length of stay. Laboratorians working with physicians and the institution must design processes to reduce cost through decreased utilization and improved decision making. Although materiel managers will continue to perform their traditional functions, they will become more involved in helping to select clinically relevant, cost-effective technologies through the technology assessment process. In order to evaluate new methods and equipment, laboratory expenses must be refined to include workload recording of individual tests and cost accounting of supplies, equipment, facilities and reagents.
Practical aspects of AVO modeling (2007)

AVO (amplitude variation with offset) modeling contributes significantly in seismic data acquisition design, and prestack seismic data processing and interpretation. It has become a common practice in prestack seismic analysis. It is also used for verifying and developing AVO theories. Conducting AVO modeling is, by nature, an exercise of multidiscipline integration. It thus enhances reservoir characterization and reduces the risk in hydrocarbon exploration.
A Suspected Case of Codeine-Induced Erythema Multiforme (1983)

Erythema multiforme usually presents as an acute inflammatory reaction involving the skin and mucous membranes. Systemic symptoms and organ involvement also can occur. The disease is associated with many illnesses and drugs. A two-year-old child presented to the Family Practice Center with a probable codeine-induced episode of erythema multiforme. The patient had been treated with Actifed-C Expectorant for a suspected viral upper respiratory tract infection. The rash was characteristic of erythema multiforme, but there was no involvement of mucous membranes. The rash quickly abated after the discontinuation of the drug and the administration of hydroxyzine. A viral cause for the rash could not be ruled out. When erythema multiforme is precipitated by a particular drug, discontinuation of the offending agent is necessary. The rash should disappear quickly. Adjunctive use of antihistamines may offer some benefit for the patient. Systemic corticosteroids may be necessary for more severe cases.
Identification of human herpesvirus-8 in Kaposi’s sarcoma with bullous pemphigoid (2014)

Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) is a rare,malignant vascular.tumor of the skin,mucosa,and viscera with an increased incidence in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients.According to the clinical characteristics and the affected population,four clinical types of KS have been described successively:classic,endemic to Africa,acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-associated,and immunosuppression associated type.Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an acquired autoimmune bullous skin disease that frequently occurs in the elderly and is characterized by intraepidermal blisters and immunoglobulin G (IgG) deposits on the basement membrane.A few cases of KS have occurred in immunosuppressed patients with BP.Here,we report a Chinese female patient diagnosed with immunosuppression associated KS that was induced by the short-term use of immunosuppressive agents for BP.We also present a review of the literature on immunosuppressed KS with BP and discuss the potential role of human herpesvirus-8 (HHV-8) in the pathogenic mechanism.