gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On the influence of hyperarticulated speech on recognition performance (1998)

Since we cannot exclude that speech recognizers fail sometimes, it is important to examine how users react to recognition errors.In correction situations, speaking style becomes more accentuated to disambiguate the original mistake.We examine the effect of speaking style in such situations on speech recognition performance.Our results indicate that hyperarticulated effects occur in correction situations and decrease word accuracy significantly.
Helicobacter pylorigamma-glutamyltranspeptidase upregulates COX-2 and EGF-related peptide expression in human gastric cells (2004)

Gastric mucosa responds to Helicobacter pylori-induced cell damage by increasing the expression of COX-2 and EGF-related peptides. We sought to investigate the bacterial virulence factor/s and the host cellular pathways involved in the upregulation of COX-2, HB-EGF and amphiregulin in MKN 28 and AGS gastric mucosal cells. H. pylori strain CCUG 17874 was grown in Brucella broth supplemented with 0.2% (2,6-dimethyl)-beta-cyclodextrins. The soluble proteins released in the culture medium by the bacterium were fractionated by exclusion size and anion exchange chromatography. A single peak retaining the ability to upregulate COX-2 and HB-EGF mRNA and protein expression was obtained. SDS-PAGE analysis of the peak showed two peptides with an apparent molecular weight of 38 and 22 kDa, which were identified by automated Edman degradation analysis as the N-terminal and C-terminal peptides of H. pylori gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase respectively. Acivicin, a selective gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase inhibitor, counteracted H. pylori-induced upregulation of COX-2 and EGF-related peptide mRNA expression. An H. pylori isogenic mutant gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-deficient strain did not exert any effect on COX-2, HB-EGF and amphiregulin mRNA expression. Blockade of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase and p38 kinase, but not MAP kinase kinase, inhibited H. pylori gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase-induced upregulation of COX-2 and EGF-related peptide mRNA expression.
Phased Array Coils for Upper Extremity MRA (1995)

A phased array coil was constructed for imaging the upper extremity vasculature for patients undergoing dialysis treatment. The phased array coil exhibits improved signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) over the body coil and allows imaging of the entire upper extremity. SNR as a function of depth was measured on a homogeneous phantom with the arm coil and compared with the body coil. Near the coil there is an improvement of a factor of 7 and at a depth of approximately 6-7 cm, there is an improvement of factor 2. In vivo SNR measurements resulted in similar improvements. Images of the upper extremity vasculature of healthy volunteers were generated using 2D-time-of-flight (2DTOF) angiography. Blood flow velocity was assessed in a CINE-phase contrast study.
Histochemical Analysis of the Role of Class I and Class II Clostridium Histolyticum Collagenase in the Degradation of Rat Pancreatic Extracellular Matrix for Islet Isolation (1997)

To understand why class II Clostridium histolyticum collagenase is much more effective than class I in the isolation of rat pancreatic islets, we analyzed the role of these collagenases in pancreatic tissue dissociation. Crude collagenase was purified and then fractionated into class I and II with different enzyme activities and protein compositions. Pancreatic tissue was incubated with either class I, class II, or class I + II, with or without added protease, under conditions that eliminated endogenous proteolytic activity. The degradation of pancreatic extracellular matrix was monitored by selective histochemical staining of tissue samples. Class I and II showed similar capacities to degrade glycoproteins and degraded about one-third of the glycoproteins during 120 min of incubation. The degradation of collagens by class I and II was relatively more effective, 80 to 95% of the collagens being removed in 120 min, and also class dependent. Both in the presence and absence of protease, class II was more effective at degrading collagens than class I, but this difference in efficacy was less apparent than with islet isolation. Class I + II degraded collagens faster and more complete than did the individual classes, indicating a synergistic effect of class I and II. Evaluation of collagen degradation at various pancreatic locations did not show a selective degradation of collagens by any of the collagenase classes. The present data offer a partial explanation for the major role of class II in islet isolation.
[Protective and therapeutic effect of pulmonary surfactant on the experimental chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in hamsters]. (2004)

Pulmonary surfactant may have a long-term protective effect on chronic smoking and elastase-induced COPD.
Influence of Processing Methodology on Quality of Cucumber Pickles (1982)

ABSTRACT A study was conducted on the influence of fruit size, blanch temperature, treatment with calcium, and type of acid in cover brine on quality attributes and carbohydrates in nonfermented and fermented cucumber pickles. Firmness was improved by blanching, especially in CaCl 2 solution in both fermented and fresh‐pack pickles. Fermentation and acetic acid brine treatments produced the firmest pickles. Size of fruit and length of storage affected quality attributes. The carbohydrate fractions, water‐soluble pectin and sodium hexametaphosphate‐soluble (SPS) pectin, were correlated with shearpress and sensory firmness. It was concluded that method of processing had a significant effect on quality of pickles.
Multiprotein transcription factor UAF interacts with the upstream element of the yeast RNA polymerase I promoter and forms a stable preinitiation complex. (1996)

Like most eukaryotic rDNA promoters, the promoter for rDNA in Saccharomyces cerevisiae consists of two elements: a core element, which is essential, and an upstream element, which is not essential but is required for a high level of transcription. We have demonstrated that stimulation of transcription by the upstream element is mediated by a multiprotein transcription factor, UAF (upstream activation factor) which contains three proteins encoded by RRN5, RRN9, and RRN10 genes, respectively, and probably two additional uncharacterized proteins. The three genes were originally defined by mutants that show specific reduction in the transcription of rDNA. These genes were cloned and characterized. Epitope tagging of RRN5 (or RRN9), combined with immunoaffinity purification was used to purify UAF, which complemented all three (rrn5, rrn9, and rrn10) mutant extracts. Using rrn10 mutant extracts, a large stimulation by UAF was demonstrated for template containing both the core element and the upstream element but not for a template lacking the upstream element. In the absence of UAF, the mutant extracts showed the same weak transcriptional activity regardless of the presence or absence of the upstream element. We have also demonstrated that UAF alone makes a stable complex with the rDNA template, committing that template to transcription. Conversely, no such template commitment was observed with rrn10 extracts without UAF. By using a series of deletion templates, we have found that the region necessary for the stable binding of UAF corresponds roughly to the upstream element defined previously based on its ability to stimulate rDNA transcription. Differences between the yeast UAF and the previously studied metazoan UBF are discussed.
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Is Required for the Establishment of the Proper Number of Dopaminergic Neurons in the Substantia Nigra Pars Compacta (2005)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated in regulating neuronal survival, differentiation, and synaptic plasticity. Reduced expression of BDNF within the substantia nigra accompanies the deterioration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Analysis of the effects of long-term BDNF absence from the CNS has been difficult because of the early postnatal lethality of BDNF-/- mice. Mice with a floxed BDNF allele were bred with Wnt1-Cre mice to generate Wnt-BDNF(KO) mice that lack BDNF from the midbrain-hindbrain (MHB). These mice are viable but exhibit hindlimb clutching and poor rotarod performance. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH)-positive neuron numbers in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNC) were estimated using stereological methods, revealing a persistent approximately 23% reduction of these cells at postnatal day 21 (P21) in Wnt-BDNF(KO) mice compared with controls. The diminishment of TH-expressing neurons was present at birth and continued through P120. This deficit appears selective for the dopaminergic population, because at P21, total neuron number within the SNC, defined as neuronal nuclei protein-positive cells, was not significantly reduced. Interestingly, and similar to observations in PD patients, SNC neuron subpopulations are not equally affected. Calbindin- and calretinin-expressing SNC populations show no significant difference between Wnt-BDNF(KO) mice and controls. Thus, BDNF depletion from the MHB selectively leads to reduced TH expression in a subpopulation of neurons, but it remains unclear whether these cells are lost.
Bias-dependent phase delay of Schottky contact microstrip line (1973)

Schottky contact lines are a form of microstrip on a semiconducting substrate, the strip of which forms a rectifying metal–semiconductor contact. Such a line has an extremely low phase velocity that is determined by the ratio of the depletion-region width to the substrate thickness, i.e. by the bias. Measurements agree well with theoretical expressions that are deduced from a parallel-plate-waveguide model.
Closure on "high temperature sag model for overhead conductors" (2003)

The author discusses the paper by S.L. Chen at al. (see ibid., vol.18, p.183-8, 2003). He points out that despite the authors' implication in the paper on their combined ampacity/sag computer program being the first of its kind, the author points out that the Calculation of Overhead Line Thermal, Electrical and Mechanical Properties (COOLTEMP) program has been described previously by V. Filipovic-Gledja et al. (see Proc. Canadian Conf. Elect. Comput. Eng., Halifax, NS, p.182-5, 1994). He also expresses surprise that the authors have used a graphical method in their program to calculate sag. He also makes general comments about the use of software for monitoring conductors at elevated temperatures.
Accumulation of partly folded states in the equilibrium unfolding of the pneumococcal choline-binding module C-LytA (2005)

Choline-binding modules are present in some virulence factors and many other proteins of Streptococcus pneumoniae (Pneumococcus). The most extensively studied choline-binding module is C-LytA, the C-terminal moiety of the pneumococcal cell-wall amidase LytA. The three-dimensional structure of C-LytA is built up from six loop-hairpin structures forming a left-handed beta-solenoid with four choline-binding sites. The affinity of C-LytA for choline and other structural analogues allows its use as an efficient fusion tag for single-step purification of hybrid proteins. In the present study, we characterize the folding and stability of C-LytA by chemical and thermal equilibrium denaturation experiments. Unfolding experiments using guanidinium chloride at pH 7.0 and 20 degrees C suggest the existence of two partly folded states (I1 and I2) in the following model: N (native)-->I1<=>I2. The N-->I1 transition is non-co-operative and irreversible, and is significant even in the absence of a denaturant. In contrast, the I1<=>I2 transition is co-operative and reversible, with an associated freeenergy change (DeltaG(0)) of 30.9+/-0.8 kJ x mol(-1). The residual structure in the I2 state is unusually stable even in 7.4 M guanidinium chloride. Binding of choline stabilizes the structure of the native state, induces its dimerization and prevents the accumulation of the I1 species ([N]2<=>[I2]2, DeltaG(0)=50.1+/-0.8 kJ x mol(-1)). Fluorescence and CD measurements, gel-filtration chromatography and limited proteolysis suggest that I1 differs from N in the local unfolding of the N-terminal beta-hairpins, and that I2 has a residual structure in the C-terminal region. Thermal denaturation of C-LytA suggests the accumulation of at least the I1 species. These results might pave the way for an effective improvement of its biotechnological applications by protein engineering.
The catalase and superoxide dismutase genes are transcriptionally up-regulated upon oxidative stress in the strictly anaerobic archaeon Methanosarcina barkeri (2006)

Methanosarcina barkeri is a strictly anaerobic methanogenic archaeon, which can survive oxidative stress. The oxidative stress agent paraquat (PQ) suppressed growth of M. barkeri at concentrations of 50-200 microM. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) inhibited growth at concentrations of 0.4-1.6 mM. Catalase activity in cell-free extracts of M. barkeri increased about threefold during H2O2 stress (1.3 mM H2O2, 2-4 h exposure) and nearly twofold during superoxide stress (160 microM PQ, 2 h exposure). PQ (160 microM, 2-4 h exposure) and H2O2 (1.3 mM, 2 h exposure) also influenced superoxide dismutase activity in cell-free extracts of M. barkeri. Dot-blot analysis was performed on total RNA isolated from H2O2- and PQ-exposed cultures, using labelled internal DNA fragments of the sod and kat genes. It was shown that H2O2 but not PQ strongly induced up-regulation of the kat gene. PQ and to a lesser degree H2O2 induced the expression of superoxide dismutase. The results indicate the regulation of the adaptive response of M. barkeri to different oxidative stresses.
Quality and Performance of Carbon Blacks from Plasma Process (2002)

Abstract Plasma carbon black, a new material? For several years already, the Plasma process for carbon black production has been promoted and considered as a threat to the furnace black production. After a brief introduction to the fundamental differences between a partial combustion process and plasma process, plasma blacks have been compared with partial combustion blacks. The plasma blacks have not been optimised but are more a selection of materials based on feedstock and operating conditions. Physico-chemical properties as well as SEM and high resolution TEM micrographs illustrate differences and similarities. Surface heterogeneity of those carbon blacks has been characterised by static gas adsorption. This way the more graphitic nature of the selection of plasma blacks could be demonstrated, explaining the specific behaviour of those blacks in rubber compounds. The specificity of the carbon blacks investigated is not only in the production technique, namely plasma torch, but also in the variety of the row materials used, demonstrating the flexibility of the process. Methane, ethylene, pyrolysis fuel oil and even a renewable vegetable oil have been used.
Interbank Netting Agreements and the Distribution of Bank Default Risk (1995)

Central banks and private banks alike have advocated greater use of interbank netting agreements in recent years in order to reduce potential for transmitting economic shocks through interbank markets. This paper provides a model of an interbank payment market and shows that one sideeffect of greater netting of interbank claims is a redistribution of bank default risk away from interbank claimants toward non-bank creditors of banks, including the deposit insurer. Interbank netting agreements thus involve a trade-off between reduced interbank credit-risk exposure and increased concentration of bank default risk on other sets of bank creditors.
Single-mode data buses for local area network applications (1985)

An optimized fifteen-terminal tapped-tee data bus and a 9 × 9 star data bus were constructed using low-loss single-mode fiber fused-tapered 2 × 2 and 3 × 3 couplers. High-speed data transmission was demonstrated at 500 Mbit/s with a maximum throughput loss of 33 dB for the tapped tee system and mean throughput loss of 11 dB for the star system. System design parameters and experimental results are given in each case.
Microwave-Assisted Raney Nickel Reduction of Bispidinone Thioketals to <i>N</i>,<i>N</i>′-Dialkylbispidines (2006)

A series of N,N′-dialkyl-3,7-diazabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes was prepared by microwave-assisted reduction of a common dithiolane precursor with Raney nickel, using the corresponding alkanol as solvent. The method avoids the use of hydrazine.
Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy of some miscible polybenzimidazole/polyimide blends (1988)

The IR spectra of representative miscible aromatic polybenzimidazole/aromatic polyimide (PBI/PI) blends have been studied. Composition-dependent frequency shifts of up to 55 cm-1 in the N-H stretching band of PBI and up to 6 cm-1 in the carbonyl stretching bands of Pl were observed. These shifts were removed by thermally induced phase separation. The results suggest that the miscibility of these blends derives from specific intermolecular interactions involving the > NH and carbonyl groups.
Low-Pressure Hydrogenation of Some Benzenepolycarboxylic Acids with Rhodium Catalyst (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLow-Pressure Hydrogenation of Some Benzenepolycarboxylic Acids with Rhodium CatalystMorris Freifelder, Daniel A. Dunnigan, and Evelyn J. BakerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 10, 3438–3439Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01348a527https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01348a527research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views279Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Labeling Cultured Cells with <sup>32</sup>P<sub>i</sub> and Preparing Cell Lysates for Immunoprecipitation (1999)

Signal transduction pathways may involve protein phosphorylation at one or more residues. Detection of phosphorylation involves labeling with radioactive inorganic phosphate and subsequent immunoprecipitation with appropriate antibodies. This unit describes labeling conditions for adherent and nonadherent cells and preparation of the lysates from these cells for immunoprecipitation. The labeling method is appropriate for labeling other phosphorylated component of cells, but alternate methods are necessary for their detection.
On Future Developments in the College Left (1970)

Over the past half-dozen years, college radicalism has been a crucial force in the revitalization of the American Left. Its swelling numbers, its vitality, and its brashness have contributed to a level of political commitment and activism that too long had been lacking. But now there is a feeling among observers close and distant, that college radicalism in America is pointed toward trouble. It is not really something that one can put a finger on, but it is there nevertheless—a mixture of weariness, frustration, and impatience that seems to be directing college radical activity away from its past undertakings. The change seems to have begun last spring in the second go-around with the university and has grown enormously after SDS's fratricidal battles in Chicago last June. Indeed, the RYM II-Weatherman fracture is usually pointed to as an illustration of this shift. However, this is at best only an extreme and partial characterization of recent developments on the campuses themselves, especially since national SDS has consistently been moving further away from college radicalism.This article can also be found at the Monthly Review website, where most recent articles are published in full.Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the Monthly Review website.
An Easy Road to High NOON (2011)

‘High-NOON’ states were generated by multiphoton interference of ‘quantum’ down-converted light with a ‘classical’ coherent state. Super-resolving phase measurements with up to five entangled photons were demonstrated with a visibility higher than obtainable without entanglement.
Bus System for Wiring Actuators of Restraint Systems (1997)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The continuing increase in the performance of restraint systems has led to a drastic increase in the number of actuator devices. The individual wiring of the igniters becomes more and more problematic through the accompanied large number of plug connections and cables. Along with demands for weight and volume reduction, there are requirements for EMI and short circuit protection to eliminate erroneous deployment and misuse.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As a solution, a new multi-protocol dual wire bus system is described that has the capability to supply energy and address multiple peripheral output stages to simultaneously fire any combination of actuators.</div>
The Electrolysis of Sodium Sulphide Solutions (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Electrolysis of Sodium Sulphide SolutionsW. R. FetzerW. R. FetzerMore by W. R. FetzerCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1928, 32, 12, 1787–1807Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1928https://doi.org/10.1021/j150294a002Request reuse permissionsArticle Views172Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Partnering on the Bonneville Navigation Lock (1991)

The Portland District of the Corps of Engineers has found partnering to be a valuable technique for contract and project management. This paper presents details of the execution of the partnering strategy on three related projects of varying sizes, one of them quite large, and summarizes results.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBON‐13 NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY OF NATURALLY OCCURRING SUBSTANCES. 47. CANNABINOID COMPOUNDS (1977)

Abstract Die 13 C‐NMR‐Spektren von vier Tetrahydrocannabinolen, z.B. (I), und vier verwandten Ketonen werden untersucht.