gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Atomic physics of neonlike soft x-ray lasers (1986)

This paper focuses on three topics: identification of n = 3−3 transitions observed in the emission spectra of Se, Y, and Mo, calculation of electron collision strengths for n = 2−3 transitions, and the effect of dielectronic recombination on the kinetics of neonlike lasers. We have used a semiempirical procedure, based on relativistic, multi-configurational calculations of energy levels and previous experimental data for Z ≤ 26, to identify the n = 3−3 emission lines of Se 24+ , Y 29+ , and Mo 32+ in XUV spectra obtained in different irradiation conditions. Some magnesium-like and fluorinelike transitions have also been found. Since the primary pumping mechanism for the unexpectedly weak j = 0−1 laser line is electron collisional excitation from the neonlike ground state, we have compared the excitation cross sections calculated with several different distorted wave codes and examined the effects of resonance contributions due to sodiumlike doubly excited states. We have included detailed dielectronic recombination rates, calculated with a multiconfigurational Dirac-Fock method, 1 in a simple kinetic model for neonlike lasers and found that this process is an important mechanism for populating the j = 2 upper laser levels when the density of fluorinelike ions is relatively large. 2
Kinetic studies of the oxidation and reduction of Chromatium high potential iron-sulfur protein (HiPIP) by inorganic complexes. Comparison of the electron transfer reactivities of HiPIP and horse heart cytochrome c (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetic studies of the oxidation and reduction of Chromatium high potential iron-sulfur protein (HiPIP) by inorganic complexes. Comparison of the electron transfer reactivities of HiPIP and horse heart cytochrome cJill Rawlings, Scot Wherland, and Harry B. GrayCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1976, 98, 8, 2177–2180Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00424a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00424a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views57Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Analysis of T-cell repopulation after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation: significant differences between recipients of T-cell depleted and unmanipulated grafts (1996)

We have studied the repopulation of the T-cell compartment in 27 patients transplanted with bone marrow from an (HLA)-identical sibling. Significant differences were found between recipients of unmanipulated and T-cell depleted grafts. Analysis of the T cells by a method based on amplification of minisatellite DNA regions showed that without depletion > 99.9% of the clones responding to a mitogenic stimulus after transplantation were of donor origin. In contrast, when the graft had been depleted with Campath-1M plus complement, a significant part of the T cells cloned during the first weeks after transplantation comprised of recipient T cells that had survived the preconditioning. This mixed population of low numbers donor and recipient T cells (19 +/- 31/mm3 at day 14) expanded rapidly (predominantly CD8+ T cells) during the first 2 months, without a significant change of the ratio of recipient/donor T cells. In 11 of 17 evaluable patients a late wave ( > 9 months) of donor T cells occurred. As a consequence, T-cell chimerism changed in favor of donor T cells and the CD4/CD8 ratio that had been reversed ( < 0.5) after the first expansion, normalized (1.5 +/- 0.51). Analysis of the T-cell receptor repertoire showed that in recipients of a T-cell depleted graft, the recipient as well as the donor T cells that repopulated the peripheral T-cell pool during the first month, were the progeny of a limited number of precursors. Because without depletion, when larger numbers of donor T cells had been cotransfused with the marrow, the repertoire was much more diverse, these data show that immediately after transplantation, the peripheral pool is repopulated primarily through expansion of circulating T cells.
A Concise Formal Synthesis of the Potent HIV Protease Inhibitor Nelfinavir Mesylate (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTA Concise Formal Synthesis of the Potent HIV Protease Inhibitor Nelfinavir MesylateDale L. RiegerView Author Information Chemical Development, Agouron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., 3565 General Atomics Court, San Diego, California 92121Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 24, 8546–8548Publication Date (Web):November 28, 1997Publication History Received31 March 1997Published online28 November 1997Published inissue 1 November 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9705778https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9705778brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views403Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aldehydes,Amides,Organic reactions,Redox reactions Get e-Alerts
Synthesis of Chromones via Palladium-Catalyzed Ligand-Free Cyclocarbonylation of <i>o</i>-Iodophenols with Terminal Acetylenes in Phosphonium Salt Ionic Liquids (2010)

The highly efficient and selective palladium-catalyzed ligand-free cyclocarbonylation reaction of o-iodophenols with terminal acetylenes and CO in the phosphonium salt ionic liquid, C(14)H(29)(C(6)H(13))(3)P(+)Br(-), affords diversified chromones in good to excellent yields under atmospheric CO pressure. The ionic liquid, as the reaction medium, enhances the efficiency of the cyclocarbonylation reaction.
Activated carbon‐polyethylenedioxythiophene composite electrodes for symmetrical supercapacitors (2007)

Abstract A symmetrical (p/p) supercapacitor has been fabricated by making use of activated carbon (AC)‐polyethylenedioxythiophene (PEDOT)‐composite electrodes for the first time. The composite electrodes have been prepared via electrochemical deposition of β‐napthalenesulphonate doped PEDOT onto AC electrodes. The characteristics of the electrodes and the fabricated supercapacitor have been investigated using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and AC impedance spectroscopy. The electrodes show a maximum specific capacitance of 158 Fg −1 at a scan rate of 10 mV s −1 . This indicates that the in situ electro‐polymerization of ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) onto AC could improve the performance of carbon electrodes for use in supercapacitors. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2008
Self-association of Class II Transactivator Correlates with Its Intracellular Localization and Transactivation (2001)

Class II transactivator (CIITA) is the master regulator of major histocompatibility complex class II genes that regulates both B lymphocyte-specific and interferon gamma-inducible expression. Here we identify protein regions and examine mechanisms that determine the intracellular distribution of CIITA. We show that two separate regions of CIITA mediate nuclear export: amino acids 1-114 and 408-550. Both regions interact with the export receptor CRM-1. The CIITA region spanning amino acids 408-550 of CIITA also determines its ability for homotypic self-association as well as heterotypic interactions with other regions residing at the amino and carboxyl termini of the protein. These observations are in line with data demonstrating that co-expression of amino- and carboxyl-terminal parts of CIITA promote subcellular relocalization and, remarkably, rescue transcriptional activation by individually inert molecules. CIITA point mutations that impair nuclear import and abolish its activation function show reduced self-association. We propose that the concerted action of homo- and heterotypic interactions of CIITA determine proper protein configuration that in turn controls its nucleocytoplasmic trafficking.
Transforming Growth Factor- β 1 in Asthma (1997)

Airway wall remodeling is an established pathological feature in asthma. Its causes are not well understood, but one mediator of potential relevance is transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1). We have measured levels of immunoreactive TGF-beta 1 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid from clinically stable atopic asthmatics and healthy control subjects. We have also examined the influence of allergen exposure on TGF-beta 1 release in the airways using a segmental bronchoprovocation model, with BAL performed at two time points following endobronchial allergen and sham saline challenges. Basal concentrations of TGF-beta 1 were significantly higher in asthmatics than control subjects (median 8.0 versus 5.5 pg/ml, p = 0.027). Following segmental bronchoprovocation, concentrations of TGF-beta 1 at the allergen- and saline-challenged sites were not significantly different after 10 min, (31.3 versus 25.0 pg/ml, p = 0.78), but after 24 h there were significantly higher TGF-beta 1 concentrations at the allergen-challenged sites (46.0 versus 21.5 pg/ml, p = 0.017). We conclude that basal TGF-beta 1 levels in the airways are elevated in atopic asthma and that these levels increase further in response to allergen exposure. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that TGF-beta 1 is implicated in airway wall remodeling in asthma.
Review of antifungal therapy, part II: Treatment rationale, including specific patient populations (2008)

This portion of the antifungal review focuses on treatment rationale and suggestions, including special populations such as the elderly, children, and pregnant and immunocompromised individuals. In elderly individuals, the pathogen may be associated with certain comorbidities; treatment should begin with local treatments such as debridement (mechanical or chemical) and a topical. In children, the pathogen most commonly isolated is Trichophyton rubrum. Children should be examined for concomitant tinea and treatment options can begin with a chemical debridement (non-painful) and a topical, with non-responders being treated with combination therapy as in adults. It is suggested that blood tests are monitored at baseline and every 4-8 weeks in children on systemic therapy. Terbinafine is the only systemic in category B and local therapies should be the primary treatment modalities in pregnancy. Prevalence of onychomycosis is high in immunocompromised patients with higher relapse rates after treatment. The same fungal infections that are seen in healthy populations are usually represented in the immunocompromised host. There is a stepwise approach that is suggested in the treatment of onychomycosis. Before treatment, several factors should be determined, which include risk for failure and compliance issues. Strategies for therapy include monotherapy, combination therapy, supplemental therapy, and intermittent therapy. Topical monotherapy is effective in early distal nail disease and for the prevention of reinfection of the cured nail. Combination therapy is an appropriate progression of therapy for patients who failed monotherapy or are at risk for failure. Combined therapies are shown to increase cure rates. Mechanical interventions are essential in reducing fungal burdens to allow other modalities to penetrate, especially in dermatophytomas and onycholysis.
Dentifrice Fluoride (2004)

The effectiveness of the fluoride ion in lowering the incidence of dental caries is a major factor in the field of dental health. Observations and research studies in the first half of the 20th century have lead to the widespread adoption of fluoridated water and the use of inorganic fluoride compounds in oral care products, such as toothpaste and dental rinses. This article provides a brief review of the types of compounds used and the chemistry involved.
Reduction of Imines with Zinc Borohydride Supported on Silica Gel. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted Cyclohexylamines (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTReduction of Imines with Zinc Borohydride Supported on Silica Gel. Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of Substituted CyclohexylaminesBrindaban C. Ranu, Arunkanti Sarkar, and Adinath MajeeView Author Information Department of Organic Chemistry, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science, Jadavpur, Calcutta 700 032, India Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 6, 1841–1842Publication Date (Web):March 21, 1997Publication History Received10 September 1996Published online21 March 1997Published inissue 1 March 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo961736ahttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo961736abrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1265Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Amines,Anions,Redox reactions,Silica,Zinc Get e-Alerts
An Overview of Patterned Metal/Dielectric Surface Bonding: Mechanism, Alignment and Characterization (2011)

An overview of the different metal bonding techniques used for 3D integration is presented. Key parameters such as surface preparation, temperature and duration of annealing, achievable wafer-to-wafer alignment and electrical results are reviewed. A special focus is done on direct bonding of patterned metal/dielectric surfaces. A mechanism for copper direct bonding is proposed based on bonding toughness measurements, SAM, XRR, XRD, and TEM analysis. Dedicated characterization techniques for such bonding are presented.
The cosmetic ingredient review: a status report. (1981)

The cosmetic industry, with the advice of individuals familiar with food and drug safety assessment, set up a Cosmetic Ingredient Review panel of experts and an attendant staff in the fall of 1976, which began to function in July 1977. Its structure and role were carefully developed by a steering committee to assure the independence and credibility of the expert panel's deliberations and decisions and the ultimate publication of a final report on each of many ingredients. That report must conclude 1) that there is reasonable certainty that the ingredient is safe under conditions of use, 2) that it is unsafe, or 3) that the evidence is inadequate to make such a judgment. There is considerable variability in the adequacy of the safety assessments or the assessments of safety in the literature and unpublished reports on ingredients that have been reviewed to date.
Dynamic Environments for Virtual Machine Placement considering Elasticity and Overbooking (2016)

Cloud computing datacenters provide millions of virtual machines in actual cloud markets. In this context, Virtual Machine Placement (VMP) is one of the most challenging problems in cloud infrastructure management, considering the large number of possible optimization criteria and different formulations that could be studied. Considering the on-demand model of cloud computing, the VMP problem should be solved dynamically to efficiently attend typical workload of modern applications. This work proposes a taxonomy in order to understand possible challenges for Cloud Service Providers (CSPs) in dynamic environments, based on the most relevant dynamic parameters studied so far in the VMP literature. Based on the proposed taxonomy, several unexplored environments have been identified. To further study those research opportunities, sample workload traces for each particular environment are required; therefore, basic examples illustrate a preliminary work on dynamic workload trace generation.
28-GBd 32QAM FMF Transmission With Low Complexity Phase Estimators and Single DPLL (2014)

As spatial division multiplexed transmission systems employing few mode fibers (FMFs) rely heavily on digital signal processing (DSP), the impact of computational complexity should be considered. A key DSP process block is the carrier phase estimation (CPE), which consists of a phase estimator and digital phase locked loop (DPLL) per output. In this letter, a low complexity phase estimator is proposed, and the common-mode laser frequency offset is exploited to reduce the number of DPLLs. The combination of a low complexity CPE and single DPLL is experimentally demonstrated for a 28 GBd six-channel transmission over a 41.7-km FMF, carrying up to 32 quadrature amplitude modulation. Thereby, the nonlinear tolerances for the proposed CPE scheme are shown to perform similarly as the more computationally complex conventional CPE scheme.
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Epitopes of HIV-1 Nef (2000)

Although a pivotal role of proteasomes in the proteolytic generation of epitopes for major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I presentation is undisputed, their precise function is currently the subject of an active debate: do proteasomes generate many epitopes in definitive form, or do they merely generate the COOH termini, whereas the definitive NH(2) termini are cleaved by aminopeptidases? We determined five naturally processed MHC class I ligands derived from HIV-1 Nef. Unexpectedly, the five ligands correspond to only three cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) epitopes, two of which occur in two COOH-terminal length variants. Parallel analyses of proteasomal digests of a Nef fragment encompassing the epitopes revealed that all five ligands are direct products of proteasomes. Moreover, in four of the five ligands, the NH(2) termini correspond to major proteasome cleavage sites, and putative NH(2)-terminally extended precursor fragments were detected for only one of the five ligands. All ligands are transported by the transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP). The combined results from these five ligands provide strong evidence that many definitive MHC class I ligands are precisely cleaved at both ends by proteasomes. Additional evidence supporting this conclusion is discussed, along with contrasting results of others who propose a strong role for NH(2)-terminal trimming with direct proteasomal epitope generation being a rare event.
The Acylation of Coal and Model Coal Compounds in Room Temperature Molten Salts (1987)

An ambient temperature molten salt, 2:1 pyridinium chloride-aluminum chloride, was used as the reaction medium and catalyst for the Friedel-Crafts acylation of coals and model coal compounds. The solubilities of the acylated coals were increased substantially over the solubilities of the unreacted coals, but with relatively little modification of the sub-units of the coal macromolecule. Acylated coal was then oxy-alkylated and the oxy-alkylated coal's solubility was substantially greater than that of the acylated coal. Both acylation and oxy-acylation show great promise as techniques for modifying coal prior to liquifaction or desulfurization.
Dynamic voltage & frequency scaling with online slack measurement (2014)

Timing margins in FPGAs are already significant and as process scaling continues they will have to grow to guarantee operation under increased variation. Margins enforce worst-case operation even in typical conditions and result in devices operating more slowly and consuming more energy than necessary. This paper presents a method of dynamic voltage and frequency scaling that uses online slack measurement to determine timing headroom in a circuit while it is operating and scale the voltage and/or frequency in response. Doing so can significantly reduce power consumption or increase throughput with a minimal overhead. The method is demonstrated on a number of benchmark circuits under a range of operating conditions, constraints and optimisation targets.
Analysis of two-step-growth conditions for GaN on an AlN buffer layer (1995)

Gallium nitride is grown by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy with and without a low-temperature-grown AlN buffer layer. Variations in the surface morphology and the layer properties are compared between two-step growth and direct growth to study the effects of various growth conditions. It is found that (i) conditions that stabilize the GaN(0001) surface serve as guidelines for obtaining mirrored surfaces, and (ii) raising GaN growth temperature improves crystallographic, electrical, and luminescence properties of GaN. The observed improvement in the layer properties with increase in GaN growth temperature suggests that increasing N2 dissociation pressure does not affect GaN properties. GaN growth conditions are analyzed thermodynamically to show that NH3 in the growth ambients has the potential to suppress thermal dissociation of GaN.