gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Wetting and Surface Roughness on Liquid Metal Droplet Bouncing (2009)

In droplet-based manufacturing processes, such as dropwise rapid prototyping, solder bumping, and spray forming, the quality of the deposit is adversely affected by bouncing of liquid droplets off the target surfaces. This study investigates the effects of wetting and surface roughness on the bouncing phenomenon. An analytical model, based on the conservation of energy during deposition, was developed to correlate wetting and surface roughness to a dimensionless droplet bouncing potential. In addition, experiments were conducted to image the deposition behavior of Sn-37 wt % Pb solder droplets, averaging 280 μm in diameter, on prepared substrates with a wide range of wetting properties and roughness levels. The high-speed image data correlate well with the model prediction that droplets are likely to bounce as a target surface becomes less wetting or is roughened.
Nano-structured hybrid organic/inorganic electronic devices (2019)

Organic semiconductors have attracted a lot of attention with their unique electrical (tunable bandgap), optical (photoluminescence) and physical (flexibility) abilities. A number of applications, such as organic light-emitting diodes, flexible electronic devices, biodegradable sensors etc. are realized thanks to these properties. However, fundamental understanding of organic semiconductor materials and devices is still necessary in order to obtain near-ideal performance from current and future applications. In light of this quest, this thesis presents a variety of fabrication procedures that provides better device performances or pathways to investigate unique features of organic semiconductors. The proposed methodologies rely on silicon substrates and also utilize a number of inorganic dielectric materials and metal electrodes. Combining organic and inorganic materials creates an easy-to-fabricate hybrid devices. In addition, using nanofabrication processing technologies, devices with nanostructured substrate and confined organic materials are realized. When one or more dimensions of the organic and inorganic materials measure below 100 nm and 20 nm respectively, they provide unique phenomena. For example, when silicon is confined in three-dimensions, it shows increased photoluminescence, and organic semiconductors present increased diffusion of charge carriers when confined between two electrodes. The thesis starts with introducing motivation in Chapter 1. The band structure of (organic) semiconductors and transport characteristics of organic FETs are discussed in Chapter 2. Chapter 3 explains nano-fabrication techniques used throughout the thesis. In Chapter 4, high-density arrays of crystalline silicon nanostructures are fabricated using lithography techniques of DTL and edge lithography (EL). In Chapter 5 a method based on a high-quality nanoscale template for patterning 1D organic nanostructures is introduced. Chapter 6 describes the fabrication of vertical organic field-effect transistors that has 100 nm thick P3HT nano-pillars with a surrounding gate dielectric (alumina, Al2O3) and gate electrode (aluminum, Al) around them. A unique vertical organic field-effect transistor structure in which highly doped silicon nanopillars are utilized as a gate electrode is demonstrated in Chapter 7. Lastly, Chapter 8 concludes the thesis with a useful outlook.
Constant cell populations in normal, testosterone‐deprived and testosterone‐stimulated levator ani muscles (1966)

Abstract Castration of adult male mice produces a true atrophy of their levator ani muscles until the muscle reaches a stable weight within 45 days. Subsequent treatment with testosterone produces a true hypertrophy from the stable neutered state. The weight changes in the muscle are accounted for solely by changes in the size of the muscle fibers. No mitotic activity accompainies atrophy or hypertrophy. The number of cell nuclei and the amount of DNA in the muscle is unaltered.
Evolution of probiotics in aquatic world: Potential effects, the current status in Egypt and recent prospectives (2013)

The increase in the human population in addition to the massive demand for protein of animal origin forced the authorities to seek for additional sources of feed supplies. Aquaculture is the world worth coming expansion to compensate the shortage in animal protein. Feed in aquaculture plays an important role in the production cycle and exert threshold on both practical and economic aspects. Feed additive sectors are expanding day after day to achieve better growth and health for fish and shrimp and to meet the potential requirements of the culturists. Probiotic proved its successes in human and animal feeding practices and recently gained attention in aquaculture; it has beneficial effects in diseases control and competes with various environmental stressors as well as to promote the growth of the cultured organisms. Probiotics have the privilege to manipulate the non-specific innate immunity among fishes, hence help them into resist many pathogenic agents and are actively used worldwide. The present review is an informative compilation of the probiotics, their mode of action and their useful effects on fishes. The review also highlights the status of probiotics in aquaculture of Egypt, probiotic recent prospective for the possible role of probiotics in fish external and internal environment.
Micro/nanostructural porous surface on titanium and bioactivity (2008)

Porous surfaces can improve both early fixation and long-term stabilization of implants by contrast with smooth surfaces. In this study, a microporous surface on titanium was prepared by acid etching and the size of micropores ranged from 1 to 60 microm. The micro/nanostructural porous layer on this microporous surface was obtained by acid etching and anodization. In this micro/nanostructural porous layer, the diameter of nanotubes was about 100 nm. After heat treatment at 450 degrees C for 6 h, the oxides on micro/nanostructural surface transformed into anatase crystals and the grain size of anatase was about 20 nm. The bioactivity of samples was investigated respectively in simulated body fluid and a bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. The information of specimen surfaces was detected using scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffractometer, and attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscope. The results showed that the sample with micro/nanostructural porous surface and anatase had excellent bioactivity under nonpretreatment. It had more hydroxyapatite (HA) formation and faster BSA adsorption than other samples under the same conditions. Besides, the HA coating on the micro/nanostructure surface had larger range thickness, no microcrack, and no separated interface from substrate. Therefore, this micro/nanostructural porous surface may be an ideal modification layer for preparing bioactive implants.
Formation of trierucoylglycerol (trierucin) from 1,2‐Dierucoylglycerol by a homogenate of microspore‐derived embryos of<i>Brassica napus</i> L (1992)

Homogenates of microspore‐derived embryos of rape ( Brassica napus L.) incubated with [1‐ 14 C]erucoyl‐CoA and 1,2‐dierucoylglycerol are able to assemble trierucoyl‐glycerol (trierucin). In addition, radioactive triacylglycerols are formed by transferring [1‐ 14 C]‐erucoyl moieties to endogenous lipid precursors. Stereospecific analysis of radioactive triacylglycerols revealed that labeled erucoyl moieties had been incorporated exclusively into the sn ‐1,3 positions with more than 95% of radioactivity in the sn ‐3 position. No incorporation of labeled erucic acid into the sn ‐2 position has been observed. All data agree with the involvement of 1,2‐diacylglycerol acyltransferase (E.C. 2.3.1.20), which utilized 1,2‐dierucoylglycerol as well as endogenous 1,2‐diacylglycerols as acceptors of erucoyl moieties. This result is of particular interest for the genetic modification of rape and other Cruciferae for producing trierucin in their seed oils.
Response of Carbon Metabolism to Night Temperature in Cotton (1995)

Abstract Cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) is sensitive to low temperatures during all phases of growth. Throughout the cotton growing season on the High Plains of Texas, days provide optimal sunlight and temperature for metabolism followed by nights with temperatures of 15 to 20°C, well below the optimum. The present growth chamber study compared the response of specific components of C metabolism in vegetative cotton grown with 28°C/28°C and 28°C/20°C day/night regimes. Photosynthesis for cool‐night (20°C) plants measured at 28°C the following day was only 77% of 28°C night plants. Less starch accumulation occurred during the day in the cool‐night plants, yet their predawn starch levels were approximately 2.5‐fold higher than the 28°C plants. Pools of triose phosphate and fructose 1,6‐bisphosphate were lower at night at 20°C than at 28°C. The glucose 6‐phosphate/fructose 6‐phosphate ratio was higher for the cool‐night plants, however, indicative of an apparent limitation in sucrose synthesis subsequent to cytosolic fructose 1,6‐bisphosphatase. The most interesting observation is the maintenance of equal sucrose pools in both treatments, even though the amount of starch catabolized at night was different. This study shows that cool night temperatures alone alter cotton C metabolism throughout each 24‐h period.
Speech Reinforcement Based on Soft Decision under Far-End Noise Environments (2009)

In this letter, we propose a speech reinforcement technique based on soft decision under both the far-end and near-end noise environments. We amplify the estimated clean speech signal at the far-end based on the estimated ambient noise spectrum at the near-end, as opposed to reinforcing the noisy far-end speech signal, so that it can be heard more intelligibly in far-end noisy environments. To obtain an effective reinforcement technique, we adopt the soft decision scheme incorporating a speech absence probability (SAP) in the frequency dependent signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) recovery method where the clean speech spectrum is estimated and the reinforcement gain is inherently derived and modified within the unified framework. Performance of the proposed method is evaluated by a subjective testing under various noisy environments. This is an improvement over previous approaches.
Full-reference image quality assessment by combining global and local distortion measures (2014)

Full-reference image quality assessment (FR-IQA) techniques compare a reference and a distorted/test image and predict the perceptual quality of the test image in terms of a scalar value representing an objective score. The evaluation of FR-IQA techniques is carried out by comparing the objective scores from the techniques with the subjective scores (obtained from human observers) provided in the image databases used for the IQA. Hence, we reasonably assume that the goal of a human observer is to rate the distortion present in the test image. The goal oriented tasks are processed by the human visual system (HVS) through top-down processing which actively searches for local distortions driven by the goal. Therefore local distortion measures in an image are important for the top-down processing. At the same time, bottom-up processing also takes place signifying spontaneous visual functions in the HVS. To account for this, global perceptual features can be used. Therefore, we hypothesize that the resulting objective score for an image can be derived from the combination of local and global distortion measures calculated from the reference and test images. We calculate the local distortion by measuring the local correlation differences from the gradient and contrast information. For global distortion, dissimilarity of the saliency maps computed from a bottom-up model of saliency is used. The motivation behind the proposed approach has been thoroughly discussed, accompanied by an intuitive analysis. Finally, experiments are conducted in six benchmark databases suggesting the effectiveness of the proposed approach that achieves competitive performance with the state-of-the-art methods providing an improvement in the overall performance.
Dementia trials and dementia tribulations: methodological and analytical challenges in dementia research (2015)

Dementia is a substantial and increasing public health concern. Despite decades of research, a cure or effective preventative treatment for dementia remains elusive. We offer critical review of contemporary dementia research and discuss potential reasons why progress in the field has not been as rapid as in other disciplines. We adopt a broad approach in keeping with the broad nature of the topic. We cover the difficulties inherent in studying dementia from 'bench' to 'bedside' to 'population'. We make particular reference to issues of operationalisation of the dementia syndrome and our evolving understanding of dementia as a research 'outcome'. We discuss contemporary 'hot topics' in dementia research methodology focussing on dementia models, pre-dementia states and biomarkers. Recognising the importance of prospective epidemiological cohorts and large-scale clinical trials we pay particular attention to these approaches and the challenges of generating results that have 'real world' external validity. Based on our thoughts we end with suggestions for future dementia research. Our review is designed to be critical but not unnecessarily negative. There is reason for cautious optimism in dementia research. The recent G8 summit on dementia and subsequent establishment of the World Dementia Council are examples of initiatives that reflect societal and political will to increase research efforts in dementia.
Adenosine receptors in colon carcinoma tissues and colon tumoral cell lines: Focus on the A<sub>3</sub>adenosine subtype (2007)

Adenosine may affect several pathophysiological processes, including cellular proliferation, through interaction with A(1), A(2A), A(2B), and A(3) receptors. In this study we characterized adenosine receptors in human colon cancer tissues and in colon cancer cell lines Caco2, DLD1, HT29. mRNA of all adenosine subtypes was detected in cancer tissues and cell lines. At a protein levels low amount of A(1), A(2A), and A(2B) receptors were detected, whilst the A(3) was the most abundant subtype in both cancer tissues and cells, with a pharmacological profile typical of the A(3) subtype. All the receptors were coupled to stimulation/inhibition of adenylyl-cyclase in cancer cells, with the exception of A(1) subtype. Adenosine increased cell proliferation with an EC(50) of 3-12 microM in cancer cells. This effect was not essentially reduced by adenosine receptor antagonists. However dypiridamol, an adenosine transport inhibitor, increased the stimulatory effect induced by adenosine, suggesting an action at the cell surface. Addition of adenosine deaminase makes the A(3) agonist 2-chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-N-methyl-5'-carbamoyladenosine (Cl-IB-MECA) able to stimulate cell proliferation with an EC(50) of 0.5-0.9 nM in cancer cells, suggesting a tonic proliferative effect induced by endogenous adenosine. This effect was antagonized by 5-N-(4-methoxyphenyl-carbamoyl)amino-8-propyl-2(2furyl)-pyrazolo-[4,3e]-1,2,4-triazolo [1,5-c] pyrimidine (MRE 3008F20) 10 nM. Cl-IB-MECA-stimulated cell proliferation involved extracellular-signal-regulated-kinases (ERK1/2) pathway, as demonstrated by reduction of proliferation with 1,4-diamino-2,3-dicyano-1,4-bis-[2-amino-phenylthio]-butadiene (U0126) and by ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In conclusion this study indicates for the first time that in colon cancer cell lines endogenous adenosine, through the interaction with A(3) receptors, mediates a tonic proliferative effect.
Impact of selected industrial effluents on morphological and biochemical characteristics of Brassica juncea (2014)

The study investigating the impact of selected industrial effluents on some morphological and biochemical characteristics of Brassica juncea. The result revealed that most of the morphological and biochemical parameters of B. juncea were negatively influenced by application of concentrated effluents. The magnitude of inhibitory effects was maximum for marble industrial effluents while it was minimum for pharma industrial effluents. The pharma industrial effluents showed growth promoting effects on B.juncea. The paper industrial effluents also showed inhibitory effects on the test plants for both morphological and biochemical parameters which was less then marble effluents. Among the selected industrial effluents the pharma was less effective that promoted some of the morphologic and biochemical parameters of B. juncea.
[Studies on the basis of molecular biology of the phase change of influenza A(H3N2) viruses]. (1998)

The analysis of nucleotide sequences on HA1 domain of 35 strains of influenza A(H3N2) virus showed that their HA1 genes all were 984 nucleotides in length coding for a HA1 protein with 328 amino acids and there was not any occurrence of insertion or deletion of nucleotides on HA1 genes among them. The appearance of "O" phase strain of influenza A (H3N2) virus was closely related with substitution at 226 position of amino acid on HA1 protein molecule and the three-dimensional structural change of HA protein. The results in this paper indicated that the positions with multiple changes on HA1 protein molecule located at the top of HA protein, especially at antigenic determinant B site or receptor binding site. These further demonstrated that the substitution of amino acid on HA1 protein molecule was caused mainly by suppress of herd immunity. This study also showed that the position of the cysteine and proline residues on the HA1 protein molecule were conservative and that the glycosylation sites located at N and C terminals, especially at N terminal of the HA1 protein The significance of such a distribute delta of glycosylation sites in the evolution of viral genes and epidemiology still remain unknown.
Soluble PPVs with Enhanced Performance—A Mechanistic Approach (2000)

Defects in the main chain of phenyl-substituted poly(p-phenylene vinylene)s (Ph-PPVs) can have a profound influence on the operational lifetime of LEDs, as demonstrated here. The formation of these tolane-bisbenzyl defects (shown in the Figure) is rationalized by examining the mechanism of polymerization, and monomers are designed that yield polymers with fewer defects and hence enhanced performance (see also cover).
Evaluation and application of alumina-based Rb-82 generators charged with high levels of Sr-82/85. (1979)

Generator-produced Rb-82, a 75-sec positron emitter with potential for myocardial blood-flow imaging, was studied with various ion-exchange columns to evaluate the characteristics of alumina as an adsorber for the 25-day Sr-82 parent. Test columns of alumina, Bio Rex 70, and Chelex 100 were loaded with multimillicurie amounts of no-carrier-added Sr-82/Sr-85 (Sr-85 is a production contaminant). The breakthrough of Sr-82/Sr-85, and the yield of Rb-82, were determined for long-term elutions from each column with up to 4 liter of 2% NaCl solution at pH 8 to 9. The breakthrough of Sr-82/85 was 10(-6)-10(-5) from aluminal 10(-6)-10(-4) from Chelex 100 and Bio Rex 70. The effects of eluent flow rate and concentration, and of alumina volume, on the breakthrough and yield were also studied. An improved and automated Rb-82 generator was used for myocardial and brain blood-flow studies in experimental animals and in man; it was equipped with solenoid flow-control valves and five in. of lead shielding for the alumina columns, which were charged with 25-50 mCi Sr-82 (100-150 mCi Sr-85). The Rb-82 generator with alumina column provided up to 20-40 mCi of Rb-82 as often as every 5-10 min with less than 10(-5) breakthrough of Sr-82/85 over the 2- to 3-mo, useful life of the generator.
Orbit Determination Using Kalman's Method (1963)

THE APPLICATION of optimal filtering techniques to the problem of satellite orbit determination is introduced. These techniques are based upon the work of Dr. R. E. Kalman in the field of optimum estimation in linear sampled systems. The equations necessary to implement an on-board orbit determination system are presented and discussed. Simulation results are also presented to illustrate the validity of the approach and the value of the results for error analysis.
Pharmacologic management of cystic fibrosis. (1993)

Standard pharmacologic management of cystic fibrosis is discussed and the role of new agents in the treatment of this disease is explored. Cystic fibrosis is a recessive, fatal genetic disease involving multiple organ systems, in which patients develop pancreatic insufficiency, malabsorption, and repeated pulmonary infections. Pharmacotherapy to date has included broad-spectrum antimicrobials and aggressive nutritional management with microencapsulated pancreatic enzymes. Acute pulmonary exacerbations, caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, require combination i.v. antimicrobial therapy for 14 to 21 days. With the recent discovery of the genetic defect responsible for cystic fibrosis, as well as the cellular mechanism, new pharmacologic approaches are being explored to improve treatment. Aerosolized amiloride is being tested to modify the basic defect in the chloride channel. Dornase, a new mucolytic, is used to decrease sputum viscosity and increase mucociliary clearance. Leukoprotease inhibitors are currently being evaluated for decreasing the acute inflammatory reaction in the lung. Gene therapy has been promising, but its role in the management of cystic fibrosis is many years away. Drug therapy for cystic fibrosis has been primarily directed at treating infections with antibiotics and supplementing digestive enzymes and vitamins. New agents and gene therapy may substantially change the morbidity and mortality of this disease.
Metal-metal interactions in binuclear complexes exhibiting mixed valency; molecular wires and switches (1995)

M. D. Ward, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1995, 24, 121 DOI: 10.1039/CS9952400121
Long-term moving object segmentation and tracking using spatio-temporal consistency (2002)

The success of object-based media representation and description (e.g., MPEG-4 and -7) depends largely on effective object segmentation tools. We expand our previous work on automatic video region tracking and develop a robust-moving objects detection system. In our system, we first utilize innovative methods of combining color and edge information in improving the object motion estimation results. Then we use the long-term spatio-temporal constraints to achieve reliable object tracking over long sequences. Our extensive experiments demonstrate excellent results in handling challenging cases in general domains (e.g., stock footage) including depth-varying multi-layer background and fast camera motion.
Coherent states of a harmonic oscillator (1987)

The coherent states of a harmonic oscillator are introduced following Schrödinger’s definition and the equivalence with other definitions is established. The basic properties of these states are discussed in some detail.
Efficiency of Recognition Methods for Single Sample per Person Based Face Recognition (2011)

Reviews, Refinements