gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Building Bases on a Jim Crow Island (2009)

The control of wartime labor reached its apex in tiny Bermuda. Given the white merchant elite's proclivity to use the power of the state to advance its economic interests, it is not altogether surprising that it would find in the segregated Panama Canal Zone a ready model. It has already been established that tourists and year-round visitors were drawn to Bermuda's beauty and charm. The island's colorfully painted homes of coral block construction were nestled in green hills "with no distractions of a busy world."1 Its many attractions included its quiet seclusion, old-worldliness, outdoor recreational facilities and the absence of motor vehicles. With private automobiles banned, the island's narrow roads were filled with bicycles. Bermuda allowed wealthy North Americans to escape the noise and bustle of modern life. Even during the depression years, Bermuda attracted over 80,000 tourists per year.2 The year-round presence of rich Americans in Tucker's Town and elsewhere contributed further to the livelihood of many Bermudians.KeywordsWage RateRent ControlControl CardPrevailing WageLabor ReformThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Monitoring and control of an anaerobic upflow fixed‐bed reactor for high‐loading‐rate operation and rejection of disturbances (2004)

A new control strategy has been introduced for operating anaerobic digestion processes efficiently at high load. The control system includes a cascade controller embedded into a rule-based supervisory system based on extremum-seeking control. Three process parameters, considered to be the most realistic variables for monitoring of the bioprocess, were selected (pH, biogas production rate, and the difference between the actual biogas flow and its setpoint). The control system examines these variables and varies the organic load by manipulating the influent flow. Good control performance was achieved during the start-up, during steady-state running operations, and during rejection of disturbances. The main advantages of this control approach can be attributed to its ability to adjust control parameters automatically, both for high-load operation and for rejection of disturbances. Furthermore, the influent flow can be tuned automatically according to variations in organic matter in the feed without the characteristics of the influent being considered.
Effects of Alcohol Fuels on Engine Wear (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">AN INVESTIGATION OF THE EFFECTS of methanol fuel on spark ignition engine wear and deposits is being conducted using a Ford 2.3-liter engine and a modified ASTM sequence V-D test procedure. This testing indicates that at the low temperature conditions of this procedure, methanol reduces the buildup of engine deposits but greatly increases the engine wear rate. Various experiments to identify the wear mechanisms were conducted in a CLR single-cylinder engine and are reported here.</div>
THE SCINTILLATION CAMERA FOR RADIOISOTOPE LOCALIZATION (1966)

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Long-term effects of Helicobacter pylori eradication on circulating ghrelin and leptin concentrations and body composition in prepubertal children (2008)

In prepubertal children, serum ghrelin concentrations are inversely related to the severity of H. pylori-associated gastritis. In these youngsters, long-term eradication of H. pylori infection is associated with a significant increase in BMI, lean and fat mass along with a significant decrease in circulating ghrelin levels and an increase in leptin levels.
SNAP, Small-world Network Analysis and Partitioning: An open-source parallel graph framework for the exploration of large-scale networks (2008)

We present SNAP (Small-world Network Analysis and Partitioning), an open-source graph framework for exploratory study and partitioning of large-scale networks. To illustrate the capability of SNAP, we discuss the design, implementation, and performance of three novel parallel community detection algorithms that optimize modularity, a popular measure for clustering quality in social network analysis. In order to achieve scalable parallel performance, we exploit typical network characteristics of small-world networks, such as the low graph diameter, sparse connectivity, and skewed degree distribution. We conduct an extensive experimental study on real-world graph instances and demonstrate that our parallel schemes, coupled with aggressive algorithm engineering for small-world networks, give significant running time improvements over existing modularity-based clustering heuristics, with little or no loss in clustering quality. For instance, our divisive clustering approach based on approximate edge betweenness centrality is more than two orders of magnitude faster than a competing greedy approach, for a variety of large graph instances on the Sun Fire T2000 multicore system. SNAP also contains parallel implementations of fundamental graph-theoretic kernels and topological analysis metrics (e.g., breadth-first search, connected components, vertex and edge centrality) that are optimized for small-world networks. The SNAP framework is extensible; the graph kernels are modular, portable across shared memory multicore and symmetric multiprocessor systems, and simplify the design of high-level domain-specific applications.
Semiconductor-laser endophotocoagulation of the retina (1986)

Laser photocoagulation of the retina using an intraocular probe (endophotocoagulation) has become an important therapeutic tool in vitreoretinal surgery. The Ar-ion laser, the source most frequently used for endophotocoagulation, is an expensive low-efficiency device. Typical powers used in Ar-ion laser photocoagulation are of the order of a few hundred milliwatts in a 100-μm diam spot. Semiconductor diode laser devices producing powers of 200 mW at 780–840 nm have recently become commercially available and offer the potential of replacing expensive water-cooled Ar-ion lasers as sources for retinal photocoagulation. The feasibility of this application of semiconductor diode lasers depends on both the light intensity that can be delivered to the retina and the absorption of the retinal pigment epithelium at the laser wavelength.
Study on changes of volatile components in instant scallop before and after sterilization (2012)

To investigate the influence of sterilization on flavor components in instant scallop.Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS) combined with technique of headspace solid phase micro-extraction(HS-SPME) was used to analyze flavor components in instant scallop before and after sterilization.The results showed that 117 flavor components in scallop before sterilization and 119 ones in scallop after sterilization,respectively.In the instant scallop before sterilization,the content of alcohols,aldehydes,esters,ketones,acids,aromatic series,furans,phenols,hydrocarbon and others content was 3.21%,4.78%,2.06%,0.47%,0.25%,8.38%,0.03%,0.72%,32.58% and 47.52%,the number was 7,9,9,4,2,22,1,1,33 and 29 respectively.In the instant scallop after sterilization,the content of alcohols,aldehydes,esters,ketones,acids,aromatic series,furans,phenols,hydrocarbon and others content was 2.85%,4.48%,11.54%,0.90%,7.81%,0.86%,0.55%,28.20% and 42.32%,the number was 9,11,11,6,5,15,5,3,32 and 22 respectively,67 ingredients species were the same in before and after sterilization scallop.The content of aroma components of instant scallops after sterilization esters and furans were significantly more than that before sterilization.Thus sterilization process on the aroma components of instant scallop had a role in the retention and aroma,making instant scallop seafood was more dense fragrance,aroma coordination.
Isolation and Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Subpopulations: Comparison of Bone Marrow and Adipose Tissue (2015)

Preparations of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are generally obtained from unfractionated tissue cells, resulting in heterogeneous cell mixtures. Several markers were proposed to enrich these cells, but the majority of these markers are defined for bone marrow (BM). Moreover, the surface markers of freshly isolated MSCs also differ from those of cultured MSCs in addition to a phenotypic variation depending on the MSC source. For tissue engineering applications, it is crucial to start with a well-defined cell population. In this study, we performed immunomagnetic selections with five single surface markers to isolate MSC subpopulations from BM and adipose tissue (AT): CD271, SUSD2, MSCA-1, CD44, and CD34. We determined the phenotype, the clonogenicity, the proliferation, the differentiation capacity, and the immunoregulatory profile of the subpopulations obtained in comparison with unselected cells. We showed that native BM-MSCs can be enriched from the positive fractions of MSCA-1, SUSD2, and CD271 selections. In contrast, we observed that SUSD2 and MSCA-1 were unable to identify MSCs from AT, meaning they are not expressed in situ. Only the CD34(+) selection successfully isolated MSCs from AT. Interestingly, we observed that CD271 selection can define AT cell subsets with particular abilities, but only in lipoaspiration samples and not in abdominoplasty samples. Importantly, we found a population of clear CD34(+) fresh BM-MSCs displaying different properties. A single marker-based selection for MSC enrichment should be more advantageous for cell therapy and would enable the standardization of efficient and safe therapeutic intervention through the use of a well-identified and homogeneous cell population.
Crystal structure of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein RNA binding domain reveals potential unique drug targeting sites (2020)

Abstract The outbreak of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in China caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus continually lead to worldwide human infections and deaths. It is currently no specific viral protein targeted therapeutics yet. Viral nucleocapsid protein is a potential antiviral drug target, serving multiple critical functions during the viral life cycle. However, the structural information of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein is yet to be clear. Herein, we have determined the 2.7 Å crystal structure of the N-terminal RNA binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein. Although overall structure is similar with other reported coronavirus nucleocapsid protein N-terminal domain, the surface electrostatic potential characteristics between them are distinct. Further comparison with mild virus type HCoV-OC43 equivalent domain demonstrates a unique potential RNA binding pocket alongside the β-sheet core. Complemented by in vitro binding studies, our data provide several atomic resolution features of SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid protein N-terminal domain, guiding the design of novel antiviral agents specific targeting to SARS-CoV-2.
Profiling in resolving inflammatory exudates identifies novel anti‐inflammatory and pro‐resolving mediators and signals for termination (2010)

A highly orchestrated inflammatory response and its completion, termed resolution, are essential for ongoing health. Thus, complete understanding of the cellular and molecular events that govern natural resolution is vital. Using an unbiased systems approach to profile self-limited inflammatory exudates, we identified a novel genus of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) comprised of three new families coined the resolvins, protectins and most recently the maresins biosynthesized from omega-3 fatty acids. These join the lipoxin- and aspirin-triggered lipoxins as anti-inflammatory and pro-resolving lipid mediators formed from arachidonic acid with the genus. SPMs have proven stereoselective, and control both the duration and magnitude of inflammation. Mapping these endogenous resolution circuits provides new avenues to probe the molecular basis of many widely occurring diseases where uncontrolled inflammation is characteristic. The focus of this JIM review is to depict recent advances from studies by the authors and colleagues on the biosynthesis and actions of these novel anti-inflammatory, pro-resolving and protective lipid mediators. Together these findings indicate that defective mechanisms and pathways in resolution may underlie our current appreciation of the inflammatory phenotype(s) that characterize some prevalent human diseases.
A Synthetic Cycle for Nitrogen Atom Transfer Featuring a Diruthenium Nitride Intermediate (2013)

Abstract A new Ru 2 azido complex, [Ru 2 (chp) 4 N 3 ] ( 4 , chp = 2‐chloro‐6‐hydroxypyridinate), was investigated under photolytic conditions to study the chemical reactivity of the corresponding Ru 2 nitride species, [Ru 2 (chp) 4 N] ( 6 ), towards intermolecular N atom transfer to triphenylphosphane (PPh 3 ). Photolysis of a dichloromethane solution of 4 at λ > 350 nm leads to a characteristic color change from purple to magenta. Upon acidic workup, triphenylphosphanamine chloride ([H 2 NPPh 3 ]Cl) is produced and [Ru 2 (chp) 4 Cl] ( 5 ), the precursor to 4 , is regenerated. The first stoichiometric cycle for intermolecular N atom transfer from a Ru 2 nitride is thus presented.
Characterization of membrane and protein interaction determinants of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens VirB11 ATPase (1997)

The VirB11 ATPase is a putative component of the transport machinery responsible for directing the export of nucleoprotein particles (T complexes) across the Agrobacterium tumefaciens envelope to susceptible plant cells. Fractionation and membrane treatment studies showed that approximately 30% of VirB11 partitioned as soluble protein, whereas the remaining protein was only partially solubilized with urea from cytoplasmic membranes of wild-type strain A348 as well as a Ti-plasmidless strain expressing virB11 from an IncP replicon. Mutations in virB11 affecting protein function were mapped near the amino terminus (Q6L, P13L, and E25G), just upstream of a region encoding a Walker A nucleotide-binding site (F154H;L155M), and within the Walker A motif (P170L, K175Q, and delta GKT174-176). The K175Q and delta GKT174-176 mutant proteins partitioned almost exclusively with the cytoplasmic membrane, suggesting that an activity associated with nucleotide binding could modulate the affinity of VirB11 for the cytoplasmic membrane. The virB11F154H;L155M allele was transdominant over wild-type virB11 in a merodiploid assay, providing strong evidence that at least one form of VirB11 functions as a homo- or heteromultimer. An allele with a deletion of the first half of the gene, virB11 delta1-156, was transdominant in a merodiploid assay, indicating that the C-terminal half of VirB11 contains a protein interaction domain. Products of both virB11 delta1-156 and virB11 delta158-343, which synthesizes the N-terminal half of VirB11, associated tightly with the A. tumefaciens membrane, suggesting that both halves of VirB11 contain membrane interaction determinants.
Cytology and fertility of viable hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. TB-566 with N. alata Link et Otto. (2005)

A vigorous hybrid (N. tabacum cv. TB-566 tetra x N. alata) x N. alata was obtained by backcrossing a partly viable sesquidiploid hybrid N. tabacum cv. TB-566 tetra x N. alata to N. alata. The hybrid was a 35-chromosome near-amphihaploid with a pair of N. alata chromosomes in disomic condition. It was completely self- and cross-sterile and formed from 7 to 8 bivalents in pollen mother cells. By using stem pith culture, polyploidized regenerants were obtained from the 35-chromosome hybrid with somatic chromosome numbers from 65 to 70. These regenerants showed fairly regular meiosis with the number of bivalents in pollen mother cells ranging from 27.3 to 30.4. Irregularities in meiosis included a high number of univalents, aberrant tetrads, and a high frequency of micronuclei. The percentage of acetocarmine-stainable pollen ranged from 22.1 to 78.4. A 66-chromosome regenerant showed fairly regular meiosis and was self-fertile but could not be backcrossed to N. tabacum. This barrier seems to be caused by genic imbalance rather than irregularities of meiotic divisions. Hence transfer programs based on the introgression of entire linkage groups (sexual and somatic hybridization) seem to be of little use in the case of that species.
Catalytic Hydrogenation of Cyclic Carbonates: A Practical Approach from CO<sub>2</sub> and Epoxides to Methanol and Diols (2012)

Two birds with one stone: the simultaneous production of two important bulk chemicals, methanol and ethylene glycol, from CO(2) and ethylene oxide has been achieved under mild conditions by the highly efficient homogeneous catalytic hydrogenation of ethylene carbonate in the presence of a (PNP)Ru(II) catalyst.
A Likelihood Ratio Test for Cancer Screening Trials (1995)

In randomized cancer screening trials, mortality rates for the screened group relative to those of the control group are not likely to be constant as a function of years from randomization due to the inherent lag between initiation of screening and any putative effects of screening on mortality. In this situation, a log rank test for differences in mortality between the randomization groups will not be optimal. Although optimality could potentially be recovered by use of a weighted log rank statistic, the optimal weights are difficult to specify a priori and the potential loss of power by use of poorly specified weights is great. We describe a likelihood ratio test with two degrees of freedom for use in this situation which is based on a fit of a weakly structured full model. Computation of an approximate significance level for this test is described and a large sample justification for this approximation is given. Size and power properties of the proposed statistic are compared to that of several other statistics in a small simulation study and the statistic is applied to data from the HIP Breast Cancer Screening Trial.
Subfractionation of human high density lipoproteins by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. (1980)

A reproducible and quantitative subfractionation of human high density lipoproteins (HDL) by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography has been developed. Two elution methods (A and B) were used to subfractionate HDL(2) (d 1.063-1.125 g/ml) or total HDL (d 1.063-1.21 g/ml). Method A separated HDL(2) into three subclasses, each with distinct chemical properties and in vitro metabolic characteristics. The first subclass, referred to as HDL(2)-without E, passed through the affinity column unretarded and represented approximately 85% of the HDL(2) lipoprotein protein. HDL(2)-without E contained the A-I, A-II, and C apoproteins which characterize typical HDL. The second subclass eluted from the column (7-10% of the protein) contained, in addition to the A-I and A-II apoproteins, the E and (E-A-II) apoproteins, and was designated as HDL(2)-with E. The B apoprotein was the major protein component of the third subclass eluted from the column (beta lipoproteins). The beta subclass accounted for approximately 3-8% of the HDL(2) protein and was similar to Lp(a) in composition and size. Method B further subdivided the beta subclass into two fractions (beta(1) and beta(2)) with slightly different electrophoretic mobilities. The various heparin-Sepharose subclasses were further characterized by their ability to compete with (125)I-labeled low density lipoproteins (LDL) for binding to cell surface receptor sites of fibroblasts. By virtue of the presence of the E apoprotein, HDL(2)-with E competed effectively with (125)I-labeled LDL for binding to the cell surface receptors, whereas HDL(2)-without E were ineffective in competing with LDL. The beta subclass possessed binding capability similar to that of LDL. Subfractionation of HDL by heparin-Sepharose affinity column chromatography provides an attractive alternative to methods based solely on ultracentrifugation, in that it subfractionates HDL into subclasses with differing apoprotein contents that impart distinct metabolic characteristics to each class.-Weisgraber, K. H., and R. W. Mahley. Subfractionation of human high density lipoproteins by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography.
Molecular Cloning and Characterization of a Transcriptional Activator Gene,<i>amyR</i>, Involved in the Amylolytic Gene Expression in<i>Aspergillus oryzae</i> (2000)

A gene, designated amyR, coding for a transcriptional activator involved in amylolytic gene expression has been cloned from Aspergillus oryzae by screening for a clone that enabled to reverse the reduced expression of the alpha-amylase gene (amyB) promoter. amyR encodes 604 amino acid residues of a putative DNA-binding protein carrying a zinc binuclear cluster motif (Zn(II)2Cys6) belonging to the GAL4 family of transcription factors. The amyR gene disruptants showed a significant restricted growth on starch medium and produced little of the amylolytic enzymes including alpha-amylase and glucoamylase compared with a non-disruptant, indicating that amyR is a transcriptional activator gene involved in starch/maltose-induced efficient expression of the amylolytic genes in A. oryzae. In addition, sequencing analysis found that amyR, agdA (encoding alpha-glucosidase), and amyA (encoding alpha-amylase), are clustered on a 12-kb DNA fragment of the largest chromosome in A. oryzae, and that amyR is about 1.5 kb upstream of agdA and transcribed in the opposite direction. Furthermore, transcriptional analysis revealed that the amyR gene was expressed in the presence of glucose comparable to the level in the presence of maltose, while the amylolytic genes were transcribed at high levels only in the presence of maltose.
Tidal signals in ocean-bottom magnetic measurements of the Northwestern Pacific: observation versus prediction (2014)

Motional induction in the ocean by tides has long been observed by both land and satellite measurements of magnetic fields. While these signals are weak (10 nT) when compared to the main magnetic field, their persistent nature makes them important for consideration during geomagnetic field modelling. Previous studies have reported several discrepancies between observations and numerical predictions of the tidal magnetic signals and those studies were inconclusive of the source of the error. We address this issue by (1) analysing magnetometer data from ocean-bottom stations, where the low-noise and high-signal environment is most suitable for detecting the weak tidal magnetic signals, (2) by numerically predicting the magnetic field with a spatial resolution that is 16 times higher than the previous studies and (3) by using four different models of upper-mantle conductivity. We use vector magnetic data from six ocean-bottom electromagnetic (OBEM) stations located in the Northwestern Pacific Ocean. The OBEM tidal amplitudes were derived using an iteratively re-weighted leastsquares (IRLS) method and by limiting the analysis of lunar semidiurnal (M2), lunar elliptic semidinurnal (N2) and diurnal (O1) tidal modes to the night-time. Using a 3-D electromagnetic induction solver and the TPX07.2 tidal model, we predict the tidal magnetic signal. We use earth models with non-uniform oceans and four 1-D mantle sections underneath taken from Kuvshinov and Olsen, Shimizu et al. and Baba et al. to compare the effect of upper-mantle conductivity. We find that in general, the predictions and observations match within 10-70 per cent across all the stations for each of the tidal modes. The median normalized percent difference (NPD) between observed and predicted amplitudes for the tidal modes M2, N2 and O1 were 15 per cent, 47 per cent and 98 per cent, respectively, for all the stations and models. At the majority of stations, and for each of the tidal modes, the higher resolution (0.25 0.25 ) modelling gave amplitudes consistently closer to the observations than the lower resolution (1 1 ) modelling. The difference in lithospheric resistance east and west of the Izu-Bonin trench system seems to be affecting the model response and observations in the O1 tidal mode. This response is not seen in the M2 and N2 modes, thereby indicating that the O1 mode is more sensitive to lithospheric resistance.