gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Towards an information type lexicon for privacy policies (2015)

Privacy policies serve to inform consumers about a company's data practices, and to protect the company from legal risk due to undisclosed uses of consumer data. In addition, US and EU regulators require companies to accurately describe their practices in these policies, and some laws prescribe how companies should write these policies. Despite these aims, privacy policies are frequently criticized for being vague and uninformative. To support and improve the analysis of privacy policies, we report results from constructing an information type lexicon from manual, human annotations and an entity extractor based on part-of-speech tagging. The lexicon was constructed from 3,850 annotations obtained from crowd workers analyzing 15 privacy policies. An entity extractor was designed to extract entities from these annotations. The extractor succeeds at finding entities in 92% of annotations and the lexicon consists of 725 unique entities. Finally, we measured the terminological reuse across all 15 policies and observed the lexicon has a 31-78% chance of containing a word from any previously seen policy.
Rotary Traveling-Wave Oscillators, Analysis and Simulation (2010)

Rotary traveling-wave oscillators (RTWOs) are a new transmission-line based approach to gigahertz rate oscillators. This paper presents the fundamental theory of RTWOs in both the weakly nonlinear and strongly nonlinear regions of operation, including their multimode characteristics, quality factor, nonlinearity, and edge rate of the oscillating waveform. Finally we use the theory to derive analytic expressions for thermally induced phase noise. Our theoretical results are then compared with accurate simulations.
An LiNbO/sub 3/ integrated coherence modulator (1992)

The authors describe the principle of operation and the performance of a newly integrated LiNbO/sub 3/ modulator specially designed to generate optical delays of several millimeters. This is achieved by using the simultaneous propagation of the TE and TM modes in a waveguide and by taking benefit of the high natural birefringence of LiNbO/sub 3/. This modulator is well-suited to coherence modulation of light in fiber-optic transmissions. When powered by a short coherence source, the large optical delays induced by a cascade of such modulators can be used as information carriers to transmit several signals simultaneously. A demonstration is reported using a single source and two modulators in cascade to transmit signals simultaneously.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Exploiting Memristive BiFeO<sub>3</sub> Bilayer Structures for Compact Sequential Logics (2014)

Resistive switching devices are considered as one of the most promising candidates for the next generation memories and nonvolatile logic applications. In this paper, BiFeO 3 :Ti/BiFeO 3 (BFTO/BFO) bilayer structures with optimized BFTO/BFO thickness ratio which show symmetric, bipolar, and nonvolatile resistive switching with good retention and endurance performance, are presented. The resistive switching mechanism is understood by a model of flexible top and bottom Schottky‐like barrier heights in the BFTO/BFO bilayer structures. The resistive switching at both positive and negative bias make it possible to use both polarities of reading bias to simultaneously program and store all 16 Boolean logic functions into a single cell of a BFTO/BFO bilayer structure in three logic cycles.
Limb regeneration in higher vertebrates: Developing a roadmap (2005)

Abstract We review what is known about amphibian limb regeneration from the prospective of developing strategies for the induction of regeneration in adult mammals. Prominent in urodele amphibian limb regeneration is the formation of a blastema of undifferentiated cells that goes on to reform the limb. The blastema shares many properties with the developing limb bud; thus, the outgrowth phase of regeneration can be thought of as cells going through development again, i.e., redevelopment. Getting to a redevelopment phase in mammals would be a major breakthrough given our extensive understanding of limb development. The formation of the blastema itself represents a transition phase in which limb cells respond to injury by dedifferentiating to become embryonic limb progenitor cells that can undergo redevelopment. During this phase, rapid wound closure is followed by the dedifferentiation of limb cells to form the blastema. Thus, the regeneration process can be divided into a wound‐healing/dedifferentiation phase and a redevelopment phase, and we propose that the interface between the wound‐healing response and gaining access to developmentally regulated programs (dedifferentiation) lies at the heart of the regeneration problem in mammals. In urodele amphibians, dedifferentiation can occur in all of the tissues of the limb; however, numerous studies lead us to focus on the epidermis, the dermis, and muscle as key regulators of regeneration. Among higher vertebrates, the digit tip in mammals, including humans, is regeneration‐competent and offers a unique mammalian model for regeneration. Recent genetic studies in mice identify the Msx1 gene as playing a critical role in the injury response leading to digit tip regeneration. The results from regeneration studies ranging from amphibians to mammals can be integrated to develop a roadmap for mammalian regeneration that has as its focus understanding the phenomenon of dedifferentiation. Anat Rec (Part B: New Anat) 287B:14–24, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Career Planning and Development for Students: Building a Career in a Professional Practice Discipline (2021)

Nurses assume a variety of roles in complex and ever changing health care systems. Moreover, the increasing demands of current work environments require that nurses be well prepared to provide and influence quality health care services. Nurse educators, therefore, are faced with the challenge of creating curricula that prepare and socialize students to take an active role in the evolution of their individual nursing careers as well as help shape the future of the profession.
Region-based representations for face recognition (2006)

Face recognition is one of the most important applied aspects of visual perception. To create an automated face-recognition system, the fundamental challenge is that of finding useful features. In this paper, we suggest a new class of image features that may be a useful addition to the set of representational tools for face-recognition tasks. Our proposal is motivated by the observation that rather than relying exclusively on traditional edge-based image representations, it may be useful to also employ region-based strategies that can compare noncontiguous image regions. The spatial homogeneity within regions allows for enhanced tolerance to geometric distortions and greater freedom in the choice of sample points. We first show that under certain circumstances, comparisons between spatially disjoint image regions are, on average, more valuable for recognition than features that measure local contrast. Second, we learn “optimal” sets of region comparisons for recognizing faces across varying pose and illumination. We propose a representational primitive---the dissociated dipole---that permits an integration of edge-based and region-based representations. This primitive is then evaluated using the FERET database of face images and then compared to established local and global algorithms.
A Micro-Scale Membrane-Actuated Condenser/Evaporator for Enhanced Thermal Management (2000)

Abstract There is a strong need to improve our current capabilities in thermal management and electronic cooling. The present study investigates the feasibility of a micro-scale membrane-actuated dropwise condenser/evaporator. An actuated membrane is adopted as the droplet condensing and ejecting device. Droplets with appropriate dimensions and frequencies are formed and ejected for efficient cooling. The present system requires no mechanical moving parts, and hence is reliable. In addition, it needs little maintenance due to closed recirculation, exhibits favorable packaging scalability in view of the modular concept, and offers high energy transfer effectiveness. In this work, we outline the thermodynamic consideration based on a vapor-compression cycle to assess the performance of such a device. The coefficient of performance of the cycle is estimated for four different fluids: water, R12, R134a and FC-72. The system design parameters and operating performances are estimated for droplet sizes ranging from 10 to 500 micrometers. It is demonstrated that in this operating range, the gravity effect is small, making this device ideal for both earth-bound and spacecraft applications.
Measurement of hemoglobin saturation in tumor microvasculature in preclinical models using hyperspectral imaging (2005)

Tumor hypoxia has been shown to be of prognostic value in several clinical trials involving radiation, chemotherapy, and surgery. Studies of tumor oxygenation at the microvascular and microregional levels can provide understanding of tumor oxygen transport on scales comparable to the diffusion distance of oxygen in tissue. To fully grasp the significance of blood oxygen delivery and hypoxia at the microvascular level, the spatial and temporal relationship of blood oxygenation data must be preserved and mapped. Using tumors grown in dorsal skin-fold window chamber models, hyperspectral imaging can provide spatial maps of blood oxygenation in terms of hemoglobin saturation at the microvascular level, and these measurements can be performed serially in the same animal in a non-invasive fashion with relative technical ease. A hyperspectral imaging system has been constructed to create image maps of hemoglobin saturation in microvasculature of tumors grown in dorsal skin-fold window chambers. Preliminary baseline studies of early tumor development using 4T1 mouse mammary carcinomas are currently being conducted with the system.
Solubilization of Benzene, Naphthalene, Anthracene, and Pyrene in 1-Dodecanesulfonic Acid Micelle (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolubilization of Benzene, Naphthalene, Anthracene, and Pyrene in 1-Dodecanesulfonic Acid MicelleYoshikiyo Moroi, Kayoko Mitsunobu, Tomo Morisue, Yousai Kadobayashi, and Masashi SakaiCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1995, 99, 8, 2372–2376Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100008a020https://doi.org/10.1021/j100008a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views395Altmetric-Citations61LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
[no title] (1921)

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<title>An Adaptive Edge And Contrast Enhancement Technique Based On Unsharp Masking</title> (1984)

An adaptive image filtering scheme is presented for edge and contrast enhancement. This filtering technique is based on a sliding window, which moves across the image in both vertical and horizontal directions. At each step, the density value of the center pixel in the window is transformed to a new value via the filtering equation. This algorithm is superior to that of unsharp masking, a technique reported in the past few years, in the sense that it does not uniformly enhance the high frequency noise components of the image for the sake of edge enhancement. Since the parameters of this filtering algorithm are adaptively adjusted according to the statistics of the local area (window), there are no user (operator) interactions required. The relation between the size of the sliding window, the degree of enhancement, and the stability of the filter are shown in applications concerning visualization of digital angiograms and chest radiographs.
Headache and CNS white matter abnormalities associated with gluten sensitivity (2001)

The authors describe 10 patients with gluten sensitivity and abnormal MRI. All experienced episodic headache, six had unsteadiness, and four had gait ataxia. MRI abnormalities varied from confluent areas of high signal throughout the white matter to foci of high signal scattered in both hemispheres. Symptomatic response to gluten-free diet was seen in nine patients.
THE RATE OF HYDROGENATION OF ACETOACETIC ESTER, DEHYDROACETIC ACID, BENZENE, PHENOL AND ANILINE OVER NICKEL AT PRESSURES FROM 27 TO 350 ATMOSPHERES (1931)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE RATE OF HYDROGENATION OF ACETOACETIC ESTER, DEHYDROACETIC ACID, BENZENE, PHENOL AND ANILINE OVER NICKEL AT PRESSURES FROM 27 TO 350 ATMOSPHERESHomer. Adkins, Howard I. Cramer, and Ralph. ConnorCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1931, 53, 4, 1402–1405Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1931Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1931https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01355a029RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views125Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (233 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Four-wave mixing in semiconductor optical amplifiers for frequency conversion and fast optical switching (1997)

Four-wave mixing (FWM) in semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) is an important tool for frequency conversion and fast optical switching in all-optical communication networks. We review the main applications of SOAs as nonlinear optical components. Concentrating on FWM, we define general parameters that are of relevance for signal processing applications. We show, how basic experiments and general simulation procedures can be used to determine optimum operating conditions for the intended applications. Besides a comprehensive investigation of FWM among continuous waves, we present new experimental results on FWM with picosecond optical pulses. A comparison of both reveals a different behavior and demonstrates that new optimization criteria and advanced theoretical models have to be applied for the case of short optical pulses. Moreover, we discuss the possibility to extract the dynamical SOA parameters from our experiments.
Countering early evaluation (2010)

Wave Dynamic Differential Logic (WDDL) is a hiding countermeasure to thrawt side channel attacks (SCA). It suffers from a vulnerability called Early Evaluation, i.e. calculating output before all inputs are valid. This causes delay biases in WDDL even when synthesized with positive gates. s a consequence, the design can be attacked, although with extra effort, through side channel. However, WDDL is an appealing logic since it has already been reported to natively resist against multiple asymmetric faults. In this article, we suggest a Dual Rail Precharge Logic (DPL), similar to WDDL, free from early evaluation by design. We demonstrate practically that the early evaluation accounts for major part of the leakage. We also provide basic guidelines for designing such a DPL. This DPL can resist against side channel attacks and fault attacks at the same time. In line with the current security evaluation methodology, we use differential power analysis and mutual information to compare the modified WDDL with the traditional WDDL. To compare robustness w.r.t security, we conduct a proof-of-concept experiment that compares the two logics with identical implementations (P&R) apart from the logic style. The sensitive side channel leakage is reduced by half in the DPL without the early evaluation flaw.
Synthesis and evaluation of an environment‐friendly terpolymer CaCO<sub>3</sub>scale inhibitor for oilfield produced water with better salt and temperature resistance (2019)

ABSTRACT The CaCO 3 deposits exist widely in the petroleum industry, causing severe damage to the equipment and production. In this article, a novel environment‐friendly terpolymer scale inhibitor Poly (maleic anhydride ‐ acrylic acid ‐2‐ acrylamide ‐2‐ methyl propanesulfonic acid) (P(MA‐AA‐AMPS))‐containing carboxylic acid group, sulfonic acid group, and amide group was synthesized. The structure and molecular weight were characterized by FTIR, 1 H‐NMR, and GPC. The static scale inhibition experiment was conducted to study the influence of factors such as the dosage, monomer ratio, temperature, pH, Ca 2+ concentration, and concentration on the scale inhibition performance of CaCO 3 . The results show that when the monomer ratio is 2.0:1.0:0.5 and the dosage is 20 mg L −1 , the maximum scale inhibition efficiency is 95.52%. Even when Ca 2+ concentration exceeds 1200 mg L −1 and temperature reaches 90 °C, the scale inhibition efficiency is still larger than 80%. The results of SEM and XRD show that P(MA‐AA‐AMPS) interferes with the growth of CaCO 3 crystal by adsorption, dispersion, and chelation. The effect leads to changes in the morphology of CaCO 3 crystals, the size of which drops from 20–30 μm to 2–5 μm. The P(MA‐AA‐AMPS) can transform CaCO 3 from stable calcite crystals to unstable aragonite and vaterite. Finally, the formation of CaCO 3 scale is well inhibited. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2020 , 137 , 48460.
Effect of Tonsillar Herniation on Cyclic CSF Flow Studied with Computational Flow Analysis (2011)

Tonsillar herniation per se increases the pressure gradients and the complexity of flow patterns associated with oscillatory CSF flow.
Recommended Values for the Thermal Expansivity of Silicon from 0 to 1000 K (1983)

Silicon, a high melting point, low expansivity, cubic material which can be obtained readily in high purity form, provides an excellent thermal expansion standard. Various absolute determinations of the thermal expansivity of both single crystal and polycrystalline silicon are used to establish a smooth relationship from 90 to 850 K which is believed to be reliable to roughly 10−8 K−1, and which is extrapolated to 1000 K. Values also are suggested for temperatures to absolute zero. Key words: high temperature expansivity; silicon; standard expansivities; thermal expansivity.
Rubella - World Impact (1985)

Worldwide, rubella is considered a public health problem because of the risk of infection to the fetus and of subsequent congenital defects. It is not a notifiable disease in most countries, and even where it is, it is underreported, and greater than 50% of infections are clinically inapparent. The impact of rubella is therefore gauged mainly through seroepidemiologic studies. Rubella appears to be endemic worldwide except in some remote areas or islands, where explosive outbreaks may occur. In general, a large proportion of a population is infected before puberty, but approximately 20% of adults may remain susceptible. Effective vaccines against congenital rubella exist, and many countries have already begun or are considering initiating large-scale immunization programs. In the developing world, where problems compete for priority in the mobilization of meager available resources, certain factors need to be considered before such programs are launched, including the ability to effectively deliver a program, the relationship between susceptibility and the age-fertility pattern, the incidence of congenital rubella, and the cost-effectiveness of intervention.
A Critical Review of Passive Noise Control Techniques in Industrial Fans (2013)

This review aims to assist engineers in understanding and applying passive solutions for reducing industrial fan noise. The paper systematically reviews the extant literature on passive noise techniques, with a particular focus on experimental rather than theoretical research. The review provides an assessment of the current state of the art in industrial fan flow and noise control. It offers a vision for potential improvements in noise reduction via novel application of flow and noise control technologies. The review examines the interaction between aerodynamic cause and acoustic effect and the application of control technologies that current cause and effect theories have inspired. The purpose is to provide a vision for aerodynamics research during the next decade that will serve as a basis for systematically reducing industrial fan noise emissions. The review provides an assessment of recent flow and noise control advances and considers some opportunities for future research. The review reflects an emphasis on low-speed industrial fans. The authors consider high-speed turbomachinery noise control, with the objective of illustrating the linkages between the two technologies. The review concludes with a summary of the opportunities for future research and its application to flow and noise control in industrial fan design.
Sensitizer-Catalyst Assemblies for Water Oxidation (2015)

Two molecular assemblies with one Ru(II)-polypyridine photosensitizer covalently linked to one Ru(II)(bda)L2 catalyst (1) (bda = 2,2'-bipyridine-6,6'-dicarboxylate) and two photosensitizers covalently linked to one catalyst (2) have been prepared using a simple C-C bond as the linkage. In the presence of sodium persulfate as a sacrificial electron acceptor, both of them show high activity for catalytic water oxidation driven by visible light, with a turnover number up to 200 for 2. The linked photocatalysts show a lower initial yield for light driven oxygen evolution but a much better photostability compared to the three component system with separate sensitizer, catalyst and acceptor, leading to a much greater turnover number. Photocatalytic experiments and time-resolved spectroscopy were carried out to probe the mechanism of this catalysis. The linked catalyst in its Ru(II) state rapidly quenches the sensitizer, predominantly by energy transfer. However, a higher stability under photocatalytic condition is shown for the linked sensitizer compared to the three component system, which is attributed to kinetic stabilization by rapid photosensitizer regeneration. Strategies for employment of the sensitizer-catalyst molecules in more efficient photocatalytic systems are discussed.