gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SOPA: A high-efficiency line driver in 0.35 μm CMOS using a self-oscillating power amplifier (2002)

Recently, with development of xDSL technologies, design of line drivers regains attention since the thermal limitation at the central office side (CO) demands high-efficiency line drivers. This specification becomes more severe since for the ADSL standard Discrete Multi Tone (DMT) modulation is chosen. DMT signals have a high crest factor (CF=V/sub max//V/sub min/) and demand a highly-linear line driver. Since efficiency of a class AB line driver ideally is inverse proportional to the CF, the efficiency of this type of line driver is low in DMT-based applications. When implementing a line driver in a mainstream CMOS technology, decreasing supply voltage increases this problem, since a higher quiescent current is necessary to maintain the same distortion levels. This paper depicts the principle of the differential self-oscillating power amplifier (SOPA).
STAT5 Outcompetes STAT3 To Regulate the Expression of the Oncogenic Transcriptional Modulator BCL6 (2013)

Inappropriate activation of the transcription factors STAT3 and STAT5 has been shown to drive cancer pathogenesis through dysregulation of genes involved in cell survival, growth, and differentiation. Although STAT3 and STAT5 are structurally related, they can have opposite effects on key genes, including BCL6. BCL6, a transcriptional repressor, has been shown to be oncogenic in diffuse large B cell lymphoma. BCL6 also plays an important role in breast cancer pathogenesis, a disease in which STAT3 and STAT5 can be activated individually or concomitantly. To determine the mechanism by which these oncogenic transcription factors regulate BCL6 transcription, we analyzed their effects at the levels of chromatin and gene expression. We found that STAT3 increases expression of BCL6 and enhances recruitment of RNA polymerase II phosphorylated at a site associated with transcriptional initiation. STAT5, in contrast, represses BCL6 expression below basal levels and decreases the association of RNA polymerase II at the gene. Furthermore, the repression mediated by STAT5 is dominant over STAT3-mediated induction. STAT5 exerts this effect by displacing STAT3 from one of the two regulatory regions to which it binds. These findings may underlie the divergent biology of breast cancers containing activated STAT3 alone or in conjunction with activated STAT5.
Architectures for fault-tolerant mechanical systems (2002)

Fault tolerance is an increasingly important specification for advanced mechanical and electronic systems. In this paper we consider the architectural features of a technology that can realize this stringent specification in the domain of mechanical systems. We examine elements of a fault-tolerant mechanical architecture and a failure-responsive control system architecture that operates over it from the perspective of robotic manipulator systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic marker based homogeneous bioassays utilizing rotating magnetic fields (2014)

Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) as markers in bioassays utilizing rotating instead of alternating magnetic fields predict an improved sensitivity regarding quantitative protein detection. This finding is based on numerical solutions of the Fokker-Planck equation and pronounced for increasing field amplitudes. In order to verify this prediction, the phase lag change of MNPs in rotating magnetic fields up to 5 mT is measured. The magnetic markers are functionalized single core iron oxide nanoparticles with different sizes. Antibodies which specifically bind to the MNPs cause the phase lag change. The increase of the phase lag change strongly depends on the particle parameters. MNPs with a core diameter of 30 nm show for 5 mT, a significant difference between the two field types. This difference is less pronounced for the 25 nm MNPs due to the increasing influence of Néel relaxation processes and for the 40 nm particles, due to the reduced saturation magnetization. A further improvement for the 30 nm MNPs with field amplitudes over 5 mT is simulated based on the determined particle parameters.
Characterization of a ferritin mRNA from <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> accumulated in response to iron through an oxidative pathway independent of abscisic acid (1996)

A ferritin cDNA, AtFer1, from seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana has been characterized. The deduced amino acid sequence of the AtFer1 protein indicates that A. thaliana ferritin shares the same characteristics as the plant ferritin already characterized from the Leguminosae and Graminacea families: (i) it contains an additional sequence in its N-terminal part composed of two domains: a transit peptide responsible for plastid targeting and an extension peptide; (ii) amino acids that form the ferroxidase centre of H-type animal ferritin, as well as Glu residues characteristic of L-type animal ferritin, are conserved in AtFer1; (iii) the C-terminal part of the A. thaliana ferritin subunit defining the E-helix is divergent from its animal counterpart, and confirms that 4-fold-symmetry axis channels are hydrophilic in plant ferritin. Southern blot experiments indicate that AtFer1 is likely to be encoded by a unique gene in the A. thaliana genome, although a search in the NCBI dbEST database indicates that other ferritin genes, divergent from AtFer1, may exist. Iron loading of A. thaliana plantlets increased ferritin mRNA and protein abundance. In contrast to maize, the transcript abundance of a gene responding to abscisic acid (RAB18) did not increase in response to iron loading treatment, and A. thaliana ferritin mRNA abundance is not accumulated in response to a treatment with exogenous abscisic acid, at least in the culture system used in this study. In addition, iron-induced increases in ferritin mRNA abundance were the same as wild-type plants in abi1 and abi2 mutants of A. thaliana, both affected in the abscisic acid response in vegetative tissues. Increased AtFer1 transcript abundance in response to iron is inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. These results indicate that an oxidative pathway, independent of abscisic acid, could be responsible for the iron induction of ferritin synthesis in A. thaliana.
Large Scale Quantum Computation in an Anharmonic Linear Ion Trap (2009)

We propose a large-scale quantum computer architecture by stabilizing a single large linear ion chain in a very simple trap geometry. By confining ions in an anharmonic linear trap with nearly uniform spacing between ions, we show that high-fidelity quantum gates can be realized in large linear ion crystals under the Doppler temperature based on coupling to a near-continuum of transverse motional modes with simple shaped laser pulses.
Coplanar Versus Slotline Mode in Exciting CPW-FED Planar Antennas (1999)

In this paper we report on the first theoretical analysis of feeding planar antennas with the slotline mode of the CPW. The analysis is carried out using a mixed potential integral equation formulation, MPIE, solved with the method of moments, MoM. The analysis is applied on a CPW-fed cusp antnna The theoretical results include the return loss and the radiation patterns associated with both the coplanar and the slotline modes. Experiments are also performed and their results for the coplanar mode are presented. The agreement between theory and experiments for the coplanar mode validates the theory and the presented results for the slotline mode.
An intelligent strategy to robot coordination and control (1990)

Constructs an intelligent control strategy for the robust coordination and control of robot manipulators. Two strategic issues are considered for robot position/force control: (1) the effective integration of the low-level adaptive control law with the coordination-level intelligent system; (2) the design a robust robot controller to account for the contact forces frequently encountered in the execution of a specific task. The two-level hierarchical structure of an intelligent/adaptive control scheme can resolve a complex contact problem. On the control level, fast convergence and robustness properties are dealt with, and position and force control are applied separately to quasi-static contact problems. On the coordination level, the strategic fuzzy rule base is exploited to cope with uncertainties by utilizing a logic-branching feedback control. A technique for a real-time trajectory modifier is developed for complex tasks, and the pin-insertion problem is used to demonstrate the integration of both levels, including manipulator dynamics and positional uncertainty in the workspace.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ia antigen-bearing B cell tumor lines can present protein antigen and alloantigen in a major histocompatibility complex-restricted fashion to antigen-reactive T cells. (1982)

Several Ia-positive BALB/c B cell tumor lines were screened for their ability to present alloantigen and protein antigens to alloreactive and antigen-reactive T cells. Of six Ia-positive tumor lines studied, three were found to be effective as antigen presenting cells (APC). Indeed, on a per cell basis, one of the stimulatory lines, A20.3, was substantially more effective than whole spleen cells. The other three lines, although Ia-positive, were nonstimulatory. A20.3 was chosen for further study. This tumor appeared to behave like the conventional APC because (a) the tumor cells presented alloantigen, (b) they presented protein antigen in an MHC-restricted fashion to both primed donor T cells and to long-term continuous T cell lines, (c) alloantigen presentation was blocked by the inclusion of an anti-Ia antibody in the culture system, and (d) A20.3 cells could be effectively pulsed with antigen, although the continuous presence of antigen in the culture system resulted in a superior response. The addition of an exogenous source of interleukin 1 proved necessary to obtain an alloreactive but not an antigen-specific T cell response, although its inclusion did enhance the magnitude of antigen-stimulated proliferation. These tumor cells should prove useful in studying the biochemical events that occur during antigen processing and the requirements for T cell triggering by processed antigen in association with Ia molecules.
Simplifying stroke risk stratification in atrial fibrillation patients: implications of the CHA2DS2-VASc risk stratification scores (2010)

The author regrets that in Table 1, the CHA2DS2-VASc score should be stated as having a maximum of 9 points, and not 10 points as initially published. Age and Ageing 2011; 40: 141 doi: 10.1093/ageing/afq128 © The Author 2010. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Geriatrics Society. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org Published electronically 21 September 2010
Functional Role of Methylation of G518 of the 16S rRNA 530 Loop by GidB in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (2013)

Posttranscriptional modifications of bacterial rRNA serve a variety of purposes, from stabilizing ribosome structure to preserving its functional integrity. Here, we investigated the functional role of one rRNA modification in particular-the methylation of guanosine at position 518 (G518) of the 16S rRNA in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Based on previously reported evidence that G518 is located 5 Å; from proline 44 of ribosomal protein S12, which interacts directly with the mRNA wobble position of the codon:anticodon helix at the A site during translation, we speculated that methylation of G518 affects protein translation. We transformed reporter constructs designed to probe the effect of functional lesions at one of the three codon positions on translational fidelity into the wild-type strain, H37Rv, and into a ΔgidB mutant, which lacks the methyltransferase (GidB) that methylates G518. We show that mistranslation occurs less in the ΔgidB mutant only in the construct bearing a lesion in the wobble position compared to H37Rv. Thus, the methylation of G518 allows mistranslation to occur at some level in order for translation to proceed smoothly and efficiently. We also explored the role of methylation at G518 in altering the susceptibility of M. tuberculosis to streptomycin (SM). Using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS), we confirmed that G518 is not methylated in the ΔgidB mutant. Furthermore, isothermal titration calorimetry experiments performed on 70S ribosomes purified from wild-type and ΔgidB mutant strains showed that methylation significantly enhances SM binding. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for the low-level, SM-resistant phenotype observed in M. tuberculosis strains that contain a gidB mutation.
HPVB and HPVZM shaped growth of CdZnTe, CdSe, and ZnSe crystals (2003)

High-pressure Bridgman (HPVB) and vertical zone melting (HPVZM) growth has been applied for manufacturing Cd<sub>1-x</sub>Zn<sub>x</sub>Te (x = 0.04 - 0.2), CdSe and ZnSe crystal tapes with sizes up to 120×120×12 mm. The influence of the technological parameters of the growth process on the crystal quality and some properties is discussed. The dependence of the inclusion (bubbles) content on deviation from the melt stoichiometry is determined. The method for growing plates with low content of the inclusions is described. High-resistivity crystal tapes of undoped CdZnTe (10<sup>10</sup> Ohm×cm), CdSe (10<sup>11</sup> Ohm×cm) and ZnSe (>10<sup>11</sup> Ohm×cm) were prepared. Possibility of the tape growth on the oriented seed is shown on example of CdSe. The difference between HPVB and HPVZM results is described. Main HPVZM advantage for II-VI compound crystal growth is possibility of obtaining crystals with stoichiometric composition or with controlled deviation from stoichiometry. Hence HPVZM is preferable for growing high-resistivity II-VI crystals with low inclusion content.
ACTIN2 Is Essential for Bulge Site Selection and Tip Growth during Root Hair Development of Arabidopsis (2002)

Root hairs develop as long extensions from root epidermal cells. After the formation of an initial bulge at the distal end of the epidermal cell, the root hair structure elongates by tip growth. Because root hairs are not surrounded by other cells, root hair formation provides an excellent system for studying the highly complex process of plant cell growth. Pharmacological experiments with actin filament-interfering drugs have provided evidence that the actin cytoskeleton is an important factor in the establishment of cell polarity and in the maintenance of the tip growth machinery at the apex of the growing root hair. However, there has been no genetic evidence to directly support this assumption. We have isolated an Arabidopsis mutant, deformed root hairs 1 (der1), that is impaired in root hair development. The DER1 locus was cloned by map-based cloning and encodes ACTIN2 (ACT2), a major actin of the vegetative tissue. The three der1 alleles develop the mutant phenotype to different degrees and are all missense mutations, thus providing the means to study the effect of partially functional ACT2. The detailed characterization of the der1 phenotypes revealed that ACT2 is not only involved in root hair tip growth, but is also required for correct selection of the bulge site on the epidermal cell. Thus, the der1 mutants are useful tools to better understand the function of the actin cytoskeleton in the process of root hair formation.
Enhancing Biological Treatability of Landfill Leachate by Chemical Oxidation (1997)

Chemical oxidation for the partial oxidation of nonbiodegradable compounds has been used to enhance biotreatment. In this study, Fenton's reagent was used in batch mode to enhance the biological treatability of the leachate from an improperly managed municipal solid waste landfill. Removal of color by the oxidation process was also investigated. For this particular landfill leachate, the optimum H2O2 dose was found to be 1500 mg/L with the molar ratio of Fe2+/H2O2 being 0.08. Decolorization efficiency as high as 92.0% was achieved. For the removals of both organics and color in the leachate, the effective pH was in the vicinity of 3.5. Chemical sludge production increased with increasing Fe2+ dose at a fixed H2O2 dose. The ratio of BOD20/COD increased after the oxidation, which indicated that the Fenton oxidation could be effective prior to the biological process. Key words: Landfill; leachate; fenton; oxidation; organics; color
Effect of Carbon Black Structure Aggregate Size Distribution on Properties of Reinforced Rubber (1975)

Abstract 1. Broadening of the aggregate size distribution of carbon black leads to significant changes in optical properties, such as lower tinting strength and greater dissymmetry of light scattering. 2. Effects on vulcanizate properties are generally small, the most significant effect being lower hysteresis for blacks of broad distribution. 3. In moderately severe service, treadwear is unaffected by differences in breadth of aggregate size distribution sufficient to cause large changes in tinting strength. 4. Tinting strength is not a reliable criterion of treadwear quality unless carbon blacks of equal structure and breadth of ASD are compared. 5. The results of this study do not contradict earlier results on carbon black blends which show significant losses in treadwear resistance as a result of severely broadened nodule (“particle”) size and, incidentally, also aggregate size distributions.
Altered Glycine Decarboxylation Inhibition in Isonicotinic Acid Hydrazide-Resistant Mutant Callus Lines and in Regenerated Plants and Seed Progeny (1982)

Isonicotinic acid hydrazide (INH), an inhibitor of the photorespiratory pathway blocking the conversion of glycine to serine and CO(2), has been used as a selective agent to obtain INH-resistant tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) callus cells. Of 22 cell lines that were INH-resistant, none were different from wild-type cells in their ability to take up [(3)H]INH or to oxidize INH to isonicotinic acid. In 7 of the 22 cell lines, INH resistance was associated with decreased inhibition of NAD-dependent glycine decarboxylation activity in isolated mitochondrial preparations. In the cell line that was most extensively investigated (I 24), this biochemical phenotype (exhibiting a 3-fold higher K(i) with INH) was observed in leaf mitochondria of regenerated plants and of plants produced from them by self-fertilization. After crosses between resistant and sensitive plants, the decreased inhibition of glycine decarboxylation was observed among F(2) and backcross progeny only in those plants previously identified as INH-resistant by callus growth tests. In contrast, in siblings identified as INH-sensitive, glycine decarboxylation was inhibited by INH at the wild-type level. This demonstration of the transfer of an altered enzyme property from callus to regenerated plants and through seed progeny fulfills an important requirement for the use of somatic cell genetics to produce biochemical mutants of higher plants.
Fifth type of comb FIR filters (2011)

An extension of the design of digital equiripple comb FIR filters is presented. We introduce the fifth type of comb FIR filter which complements the existing four standard types. The design runs from the filter specifications through the degree formula to the impulse response coefficients, which are evaluated by an efficient recursive algorithm. One example is included.
Advanced Market Trends Analysis in Electronic Auction Systems (2011)

This article describes the expert strategic approach for obtaining the strategic information from the auction system. It describes the method of importing data into the public system. The data are then processed into graphs and tables watching market trends and development. The information is used for modeling the portfolio of e-commerce customer. Further part of the paper discusses possibilities of creating dynamic data warehouse, preprocessing, description of evaluation options and definition of basic evaluation patterns. We also focus on number of elements affecting the sale process. The paper describes identified factors, which indicate state of market or have an impact on it. That involves momentary, long-term and external indicators. During the course of the auction, using the described methods, we extract the data for particular interest groups, auctioneers, bidders, sold commodities and global market. Closing part discusses possible extensions and evaluates current outcome of our research.
Antimicrobial Activity of Natural 2-Benzoxazolinones and Related Derivatives (1997)

Natural 2-benzoxazolinones BOA and MBOA and related synthetic derivatives inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans. Both the electrophilic character of the nitrogen atom of the heterocyclic ring and the lipophilic character of the substituents of the aromatic ring are involved in the antifungal activity. These two effects are evaluated by the shift of the infrared N−H frequencies and by the correlation between the antifungal activity and the π parameter, respectively. Keywords: 2-Benzoxazolinone; Staphylococcus aureus; Escherichia coli; Candida albicans; antimicrobial activity
Multifunctional Aptamer-miRNA Conjugates for Targeted Cancer Therapy (2014)

While microRNAs (miRNAs) clearly regulate multiple pathways integral to disease development and progression, the lack of safe and reliable means for specific delivery of miRNAs to target tissues represents a major obstacle to their broad therapeutic application. Our objective was to explore the use of nucleic acid aptamers as carriers for cell-targeted delivery of a miRNA with tumor suppressor function, let-7g. Using an aptamer that binds to and antagonizes the oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinase Axl (GL21.T), here we describe the development of aptamer-miRNA conjugates as multifunctional molecules that inhibit the growth of Axl-expressing tumors. We conjugated the let-7g miRNA to GL21.T and demonstrate selective delivery to target cells, processing by the RNA interference machinery, and silencing of let-7g target genes. Importantly, the multifunctional conjugate reduced tumor growth in a xenograft model of lung adenocarcinoma. Therefore, our data establish aptamer-miRNA conjugates as a novel tool for targeted delivery of miRNAs with therapeutic potential.
New criteria for improved diagnosis of Bardet-Biedl syndrome: results of a population survey (1999)

Bardet-Biedl syndrome (BBS) is an autosomal recessive condition characterised by rod-cone dystrophy, postaxial polydactyly, central obesity, mental retardation, hypogonadism, and renal dysfunction. BBS expression varies both within and between families and diagnosis is often difficult. We sought to define the condition more clearly by studying 109 BBS patients and their families, the largest population surveyed to date. The average age at diagnosis was 9 years, which is late for such a debilitating condition, but the slow development of the clinical features of BBS probably accounts for this. Postaxial polydactyly had been present in 69% of patients at birth, but obesity had only begun to develop at around 2-3 years, and retinal degeneration had not become apparent until a mean age of 8.5 years. Our study identified some novel clinical features, including neurological, speech, and language deficits, behavioural traits, facial dysmorphism, and dental anomalies. In the light of these features we propose a revision of the diagnostic criteria, which may facilitate earlier diagnosis of this disorder. We present evidence for an overlapping phenotype with the Laurence-Moon syndrome and propose a unifying, descriptive label be adopted (polydactyly-obesity-kidney-eye syndrome). We report an increased prevalence of renal malformations and renal cell carcinoma in the unaffected relatives of BBS patients and suggest that these may be a consequence of heterozygosity for BBS genes. Our findings have important implications for the care of BBS patients and their unaffected relatives.