gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Failure of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Drive Functional Regulatory T Cell Differentiation In Human Disease (2010)

Abstract Abstract 1746 Dendritic cells (DC) initiate and direct immune responses. Plasmacytoid DC (pDC) produce type I interferon (IFN) in response to viral and/or bacterial challenge and have been implicated in the pathogenesis of a number of chronic inflammatory disesases. pDC also induce the generation of regulatory T cells (Treg) from naïve CD4+ T cells. Treg control the balance of T cell responses and maintain immune homeostasis so the primary contribution of pDC to Treg induction in disease states is an important question. Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with over expression of type I IFN–inducible genes in patients and this response apparently overwhelms any pDC regulatory contribution. The numbers of peripheral blood Treg cells and pDC are decreased in psoriatic patients but why pDC fail to generate a significant counterbalancing Treg response in psoriasis is unknown. We compared purified blood pDC from normal donors with those from psoriasis donors, who were well and either untreated or only on topical therapy at the time of donation, for their ability to induce Treg. Freshly purified pDC from both normal and psoriasis donors lacked CD80 and CD83, but expressed similar amounts of HLA-DR and CD86. pDC from healthy psoriasis donors, when stimulated with TLR9 ligands, secreted high amounts of IL-6, expressed little surface inducible costimulator-ligand (ICOS-L, CD275) and exhibited low indoleamine 2, 3–dioxygenase (IDO) enzymatic activity compared to normal controls. To assess the capacity of pDC from psoriasis patients to induce the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells, we performed sequential co-culture experiments. In these, TLR-9 stimulated pDC from psoriasis patients failed to induce the differentiation of naïve CD4+ T cells into IL-10 secreting, functional regulatory T cells. In addition, the CD4+CD25+ T cells resulting from co-culture with psoriasis pDC were less effective in suppressing an allogeneic MLR. In contrast, the pDC from psoriasis patients, unlike those from normal donors, induced T cells capable of secreting IL-22. Further investigation as to why psoriatic pDC failed to induce Treg showed that the differentiated CD4+CD25+ (CD127-) T cells from these co-cultures expressed dramatically less Foxp3 following priming with psoriatic pDC. Exogenous kynurenine, to replace IDO restored the ability of psoriatic pDC to induce Treg. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that aberrant pDC produce dysfunctional Treg development in psoriasis and highlights the contributions of IL-6/IDO/CD275/IL-22 to the disease pathogenesis. This insight is now driving studies in other disease states, notably graft versus host disease, where our focus is on manipulating DC for therapeutic benefit. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Semantic Segmentation via Structured Patch Prediction, Context CRF and Guidance CRF (2017)

This paper describes a fast and accurate semantic image segmentation approach that encodes not only segmentation-specified features but also high-order context compatibilities and boundary guidance constraints. We introduce a structured patch prediction technique to make a trade-off between classification discriminability and boundary sensibility for features. Both label and feature contexts are embedded to ensure recognition accuracy and compatibility, while the complexity of the high order cliques is reduced by a distance-aware sampling and pooling strategy. The proposed joint model also employs a guidance CRF to further enhance the segmentation performance. The message passing step is augmented with the guided filtering which enables an efficient and joint training of the whole system in an end-to-end fashion. Our proposed joint model outperforms the state-of-art on Pascal VOC 2012 and Cityscapes, with mIoU(%) of 82.5 and 79.2 respectively. It also reaches a leading performance on ADE20K, which is the dataset of the scene parsing track in ILSVRC 2016. The code is available at https://github.com/FalongShen/SegModel.
Real time Harmonic Elimination PWM control for Voltage Source Inverters (2012)

The work proposes a new real time Harmonic Elimination Pulse Width Modulation (HEPWM) technique for Voltage Source Inverters which is a useful alternative over SPWM (Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation) for high power inverters used in the mains and drives. HEPWM provides ideal solution for switching losses in inverters when operated in low frequency range. The switching angle of the HEPWM can be calculated based on non transcendental equations obtained by the curve fittings of certain polynomial functions. HEPWM permit real time computation as calculation of any switching angle requires only addition and multiplication processes and also any number of harmonics can be eliminated. The fundamental amplitude of pole switching waveform can be controlled on-line. The advantage of using real time computation over programmed (off-line) HEPWM is the absence of memory to store the switching angles. Also the switching angles can be calculated based on demand due to modulation parameters. The algorithm is implemented in single phase voltage source inverters using DSP TMS320C541 processor. The algorithm is so efficient to ensure sufficient time to calculate the pulse width, thus avoiding the need for memory storage. The accuracy of the derived equations is evaluated by calculating the difference between the approximate switching angles from the proposed method and the exact switching angles from the trajectories. For comparison, a MATLAB simulation of the same inverter was carried out. Simulations and hardware implementation show that proposed scheme allows efficient real time computations with acceptable error margins.
Nonsteroidal antagonists of the mineralocorticoid receptor (2015)

Novel, nonsteroidal MRAs are currently tested in clinical trials. Based on preclinical and first clinical data, these nonsteroidal MRAs might overcome the limitations of today's steroidal antagonists.
Visualizing interleukin 2 gene expression at the single cell level (1989)

To analyze the expression of the interleukin (IL)2 gene at the single cell level, we have constructed a chimeric gene in which the regulatory sequences from the mouse IL2 gene were fused 5' proximal to the coding region of the Escherichia coli beta-galactosidase (lacZ) gene. Once stably introduced into a T cell hybridoma, the IL 2-lacZ reporter gene was shown to display a pattern of induction similar to the one observed for the resident IL 2 gene. Two points emerged from monitoring IL 2 expression for the resident IL2 gene. Two points emerged from monitoring IL 2 expression at the single cell level. First, upon activation the expression of the IL2-lacZ gene appears asynchronous. Second, at the peak of induction the percentage of beta-galactosidase+ cells never reached 100% and the level of beta-galactosidase reached among positive cells was highly heterogeneous within a cloned population of T cells. In combination with the possibility to sort viable lymphocytes according to lacZ expression, the IL2-lacZ reporter gene described herein should provide a way to isolate somatic cell mutants deficient in signal transduction by the T cell antigen receptor complex.
A carbon nanotube/polymer strain sensor with linear and anti-symmetric piezoresistivity (2011)

In this article, a strain sensor made from an epoxy-based nanocomposite using a kind of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), i.e., LMWNT-10, was investigated. It was found that the piezoresistivity of this strain sensor is linear and anti-symmetric in tensile and compressive states within a large strain range, which is different from that of the strain sensor using another type of MWNTs, i.e., MWNT-7, in our previous reports. This linear and anti-symmetric piezoresistivity is very suitable for practical sensor applications. In our experiments, both static and dynamic responses of the two sensors were measured. The experimental results indicate that the completely different piezoresistivity characteristics of the two sensors are probably due to the complete different working mechanisms. For the sensor made from LMWNT-10, the present experimental investigations reveal that its working mechanism should be the piezoresistivity of MWNTs due to deformation of MWNTs. On the other hand, for the strain sensor made from MWNT-7, the dominant working mechanism of this sensor is the tunneling effect caused by the distance changes among carbon nanotubes.
Hierarchical structured learning for indoor autonomous navigation of Quadcopter (2016)

Autonomous navigation of generic monocular quadcopter in the indoor environment requires sophisticated approaches for perception, planning and control. This paper presents a system which enables a miniature quadcopter with a frontal monocular camera to autonomously navigate and explore the unknown indoor environment. Initially, the system estimates dense depth map of the environment from a single video frame using our proposed novel supervised Hierarchical Structured Learning (hsl) technique, which yields both high accuracy levels and better generalization. The proposed hsl approach discretizes the overall depth range into multiple sets. It structures these sets hierarchically and recursively through partitioning the set of classes into two subsets with subsets representing apportioned depth range of the parent set, forming a binary tree. The binary classification method is applied to each internal node of binary tree separately using Support Vector Machine (svm). Whereas, the depth estimation of each pixel of the image starts from the root node in top-down approach, classifying repetitively till it reaches any of the leaf node representing its estimated depth. The generated depth map is provided as an input to Convolutional Neural Network (cnn), which generates flight planning commands. Finally, trajectory planning and control module employs a convex programming technique to generate collision-free minimum time trajectory which follows these flight planning commands and produces appropriate control inputs for the quadcopter. The results convey unequivocally the advantages of depth perception by hsl, while repeatable flights of successful nature in typical indoor corridors confirm the efficacy of the pipeline.
Conversion of (2<i>S</i>)‐Arginine to (2<i>S</i>,3<i>R</i>)‐Capreomycidine by VioC and VioD from the Viomycin Biosynthetic Pathway of <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. Strain ATCC11861 (2004)

The nonproteinogenic amino acid (2S,3R)-capreomycidine is an essential component of the tuberactinomycin family of antibiotics and is derived from the unusual intramolecular cyclization of the side chain of (2S)-arginine. The work presented here shows how two enzymes from the viomycin biosynthetic pathway, VioC and VioD, catalyze the stepwise conversion of (2S)-arginine to (3S)-hydroxy-(2S)-arginine to (2S,3R)-capreomycidine. This work establishes the enzymatic steps for the formation of this novel nonproteinogenic amino acid.
Treatment of hirsutism with cimetidine. (1990)

We evaluated the efficacy of long-term cimetidine in treating hirsutism by monitoring four indices: subjective hair removal practice, grading of hair growth by the Lorenzo scale, photography, and hair weight measurement. Of 20 women with moderate to severe facial hirsutism treated with cimetidine, 300 mg four times daily, nine were followed for 48 weeks or longer. Of these nine subjects who completed 48-72 weeks of treatment, only two showed a decrease in hirsutism. None of the 11 subjects treated for less than 48 weeks had any decrease in hirsutism. We conclude that cimetidine, a weak antiandrogen, is not sufficiently effective to use in the treatment of hirsutism.
<b>A Kinetic Study of the Copper(II) Chelate-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate (Sarin)</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Kinetic Study of the Copper(II) Chelate-catalyzed Hydrolysis of Isopropyl Methylphosphonofluoridate (Sarin)Richard L. Gustafson and Arthur E. MartellCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 12, 2309–2316Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00871a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00871a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views394Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Preparation of Higher cis and trans Olefins<sup>1</sup> (1941)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Preparation of Higher cis and trans Olefins1Kenneth N. Campbell and Lawrence T. EbyCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1941, 63, 1, 216–219Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1941Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1941https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01846a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01846a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views532Altmetric-Citations103LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Formation of a Cyclic Recurring Unit in the Polymerization of Diallyldimethylsilane<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Formation of a Cyclic Recurring Unit in the Polymerization of Diallyldimethylsilane1C. S. MARVEL and R. G. WOOLFORDCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1960, 25, 9, 1641–1643Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01079a039RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views96Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (332 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Iron Deficiency (2001)

Abstract Iron deficiency is a leading cause of anaemia, affecting more than half a billion people worldwide. Depletion of iron stores precedes impaired production of iron‐containing proteins, most importantly haemoglobin. The two important stages of iron deficiency are: (1) depletion of iron stores without anaemia, and (2) depletion of iron stores with anaemia.
Horizontal ray theory for ocean acoustics (1974)

The solution of the reduced scalar wave equation for an almost stratified medium is written in the form of an asymptotic power series. The vertical structure of the solution is expressed as a linear combination of the normal-mode eigenfunctions whose coefficients satisfy two-dimensional eikonal and transport equations. Although smooth caustics may be treated for the two-dimensional scalar wave equation, the problem of a uniform approximation near a point source has not yet been resolved. Finally, the theory is applied to acoustic propagation in a realistic model ocean and the results are compared with measurements.
Building image icons for fast browsing and classification of solar radio spectrograms (2002)

We address the problem of how to retrieve information from data recorded by scientific measuring systems. Possibilities are required to help interactive searches in large image databases. In particular, tools to (1) browse quickly among large images (MPixels) and (2) search for similar images are to be developed. We propose to achieve this demands by building an additional, smaller representation of the image. We describe how a vectorial representation can be constructed by partitioning the three-dimensional attribute space of the image. The resulting image icon not only contains the most important features of the primary image, but can also be used to search for similar images in the database. The method is mainly applied to non-spatial images, e.g. measurements of some multidimensional, physical parameters. It is illustrated on images called solar radio spectrograms which measure the intensity of the solar radio flux in a given time vs. frequency.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non-neuronal evoked and spontaneous hemodynamic changes in the anterior temporal region of the human head may lead to misinterpretations of functional near-infrared spectroscopy signals (2017)

Several functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) studies report their findings based on changes of a single chromophore, usually concentration changes of oxygenated hemoglobin ([[Formula: see text]]) or deoxygenated hemoglobin (HHb). However, influence of physiological actions may differ depending on which element is considered and the assumption that the chosen measure correlates with the neural response of interest might not hold. By assessing the correlation between [[Formula: see text]] and [HHb] in task-evoked activity as well as resting-state data, we identified a spatial dependency of non-neuronal hemodynamic changes in the anterior temporal region of the human head. Our findings support the importance of reporting and discussing fNIRS outcomes obtained with both chromophores ([[Formula: see text]] and [HHb]), in particular, for studies concerning the anterior temporal region of the human head. This practice should help to achieve a physiologically correct interpretation of the results when no measurements with short-distance channels are available while employing continuous-wave fNIRS systems.
Contrasting effects of climate on grey heron, malleefowl and barn owl populations (2011)

Context The population dynamics of many wildlife species are associated with fluctuations in climate. Food and abundance may also influence wildlife dynamics. Aims The present paper aims to evaluate the relative effects of climate on the annual instantaneous population growth rate (r) of the following three bird species: grey heron and barn owl in parts of Britain and malleefowl in a part of Australia. Methods A priori hypotheses of mechanistic effects of climate are derived and evaluated using information theoretic and regression analyses and published data for the three bird species. Climate was measured as the winter North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) for herons and owls, and rainfall and also the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) for malleefowl. Key results Population dynamics of grey heron were positively related to the winter NAO, and of malleefowl were positively related to annual rainfall and related in a non-linear manner to SOI. By contrast, population dynamics of barn owl were very weakly related to climate. The best models for the grey heron differed between time periods but always included an effect of the NAO. Conclusions The annual population growth rate of grey heron, malleefowl and barn owl show contrasting relationships with climate, from stronger (heron and malleefowl) to weaker (barn owl). The results were broadly consistent with reported patterns but differed in some details. Interpretation of the effects of climate on the basis of analyses rather than visual assessment is encouraged. Implications Effects of climate differ among species, so effects of future climate change may also differ.
The pH-responsive behaviour of poly(acrylic acid) in aqueous solution is dependent on molar mass (2016)

Fluorescence spectroscopy on a series of aqueous solutions of poly(acrylic acid) containing a luminescent label showed that polymers with molar mass, Mn < 16.5 kDa did not exhibit a pH responsive conformational change, which is typical of higher molar mass poly(acrylic acid). Below this molar mass, polymers remained in an extended conformation, regardless of pH. Above this molar mass, a pH-dependent conformational change was observed. Diffusion-ordered nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy confirmed that low molar mass polymers did not undergo a conformational transition, although large molar mass polymers did exhibit pH-dependent diffusion.
A Phase Ib Study of BEZ235, a Dual Inhibitor of Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K) and Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR), in Patients With Advanced Renal Cell Carcinoma (2016)

BEZ235 twice daily resulted in significant toxicity without objective responses; further development of this compound will not be pursued in this disease.
ATSC 3.0 Transmitter Identification Signals and Applications (2016)

In the ATSC 3.0 PHY layer standard, a transmitter identification (TxID) signal is defined in order to provide the identification of an ATSC 3.0 transmitter. TxID signal can also be used to find the co-channel and adjacent interference signals, to assist accurate location finding calculation, and to obtain the channel estimation for each transmitter, which can help local service (e.g., targeted advertisement) reception, as well as for emergency alert. For efficient use of spectrum and quality of service improvement, single frequency network (SFN) where all transmitters share a single RF channel is often implemented. The recently developed ATSC 3.0 physical layer standard has been designed to support SFN. For efficient designing, fine-tuning and operating an SFN, it is crucial to identify each transmitter, as well as to adjust transmitting power and emission time of each transmitter. This paper presents TxID for ATSC 3.0, and analyzes its detection performance under very low signal to noise ratio environments and other applications, such as location finding, and channel estimation etc. for each SFN transmitter.
The edge of thermodynamics : driven steady states in physics and biology (2017)

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Physics, 2017.