gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of context in query input (2007)

The difficulty of entering queries from impoverished keyboards impedes the use of web search on mobile devices. On average, it takes a mobile user approximately 60 seconds to enter a query from a 9-key keypad [1]. In this paper, we explore the use of contextual signals to facilitate query entry on mobile phones. We present a query prediction system which offers automatically generated word completions as the user is typing her query. The query prediction system redefines the prediction dictionary after considering contextual signals such as the application being used (e.g. search vs. general text messaging), the inferred location of the user, the time of day and day of week. We demonstrate a 46.4% improvement in query entry, measured by number of key presses needed to enter queries. We found that the two contextual signals that make the largest impact are knowledge of the application being used and the location of the user.
Gradient lasso for Cox proportional hazards model (2009)

R package glcoxph is available at http://datamining.dongguk.ac.kr/R/glcoxph.
Antibacterial properties of cyanoacrylate tissue adhesive: Does the polymerization reaction play a role? (2009)

The polymerization reaction may also be an important factor in the antibacterial properties of EC and BC.
Cloning and characterisation of the rabbit 5‐HT<sub>1Dα</sub> and 5‐HT<sub>1Dβ</sub> receptors (1995)

The genes encoding the rabbit 5HT1D alpha and 5HT1D beta receptors have been cloned. The deduced amino acid sequence of these receptors shows 91-92% amino acid sequence identity with their human homologues, and similar high sequence identity with homologues from other species. The receptors were transiently expressed in COS-7 cells and exhibit a pharmacological profile closely resembling their human homologues, including a higher affinity of ketanserin for the 5-HT1D alpha subtype. However, sumatriptan had a lower affinity for both the rabbit receptors compared to their human counterparts. This may be accounted for by differences between the primary amino acid sequences of these species homologues.
Recent advances in the molecular biology of nucleoside transporters of mammalian cells (1998)

Nucleosides are hydrophilic molecules and require specialized transport proteins for permeation of cell membranes. There are two types of nucleoside transport processes: equilibrative bidirectional processes driven by chemical gradients and inwardly directed concentrative processes driven by the sodium electrochemical gradient. The equilibrative nucleoside transport processes (es, ei) are found in most mammalian cell types, whereas the concentrative nucleoside transport processes (cit, cif, cib, csg, cs) are present primarily in specialized epithelia. Using a variety of cloning strategies and functional expression in oocytes of Xenopus laevis, we have isolated and characterized cDNAs encoding the rat and human nucleoside transporter proteins of the four major nucleoside transport processes of mammalian cells (es, ei, cit, cif). From the sequence relationships of these proteins with each other and with sequences in the public data bases, we have concluded that the equilibrative and concentrative nucleoside transport processes are mediated by members of two previously unrecognized groups of integral membrane proteins, which we have designated the equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) and the concentrative nucleoside transporter (CNT) protein families. This review summarizes the current state of knowledge in the molecular biology of the ENT and CNT protein families, focusing on the characteristics of the four human (h) and rat (r) nucleoside transport proteins (r/hENT1, r/hENT2, r/hCNT1, r/hCNT2).
Comparison of three methods used for fusion of SPECT-CT images of liver matastases (1998)

We compare three methods for fusing SPECT-CT images: ImageMatch - an automatic three-dimensional/two-dimensional method developed by Focus Imaging; IBM Visualization Data Explorer - a three-diemensional interactive method developed by Internation Business Machines, Inc.; and qsh - an interactive three-dimensional/two-dimensional method developed at New York University. While many fusion methods have proved successful for registering brain images, most methods have been less successful for thoracic and abdominal images. We use images of liver metastases obtained with a radiolabeled breast tumor-directed antibody to illustrate the strengths and weakness of the methods reviewed. The images used are typical clinical images from eigth patients. We conclude that an optimal image fusion program should combine the strengths of each of the methods reviewed.
Increased antitumor activity of Escherichia coli. L-asparaginase by modification with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol. (1982)

Escherichia coli L-asparaginase modified with monomethoxypolyethylene glycol, which has no ability to bind to the antibody and almost no immunogenicity, had a longer plasma half-life (32.9+/-2.5 hr) in normal mice than the native enzyme (3.35 +/- 0.45 hr). Preimmunization of mice with the native enzyme greatly shortened the plasma half-life of the native L-asparaginase (less than 0.1 hr) but did not change that of the modified L-asparaginase (32.2 +/- 2.1 hr). Treatment of mice bearing asparaginase-sensitive Gardner lymphoma (6C3HED) with L-asparaginases at various doses showed that the modified enzyme had a greater therapeutic effect than the native enzyme. In addition, preimmunization with the native enzyme prevented the antitumor activity of the native enzyme but did not affect the therapeutic efficacy of the modified L-asparaginase against the lymphoma.
Glass-Forming Binaphthyl Chromophores (2001)

The use of the binaphthyl framework to synthesize glass-forming organic chromophores is described. Suzuki coupling reactions of racemic 6,6'-dibromo-2,2'-dialkoxy-1,1'-binaphthyl with 1,1-diphenyl-2-(4-dihydroxyboronphenyl)-ethene using [Pd(dppf)Cl2] (dppf = 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) as the catalyst provide a set of chromophores with the 4-(2,2'-diphenylvinyl)-1-phenyl group at the 6- and 6'-positions and a range of groups on the oxygen atom. Starting with enantiomerically enriched (R)-6,6'-dibromo-2,2'-dihexyloxy-1,1'-binaphthyl ((R)-2Hex), one can obtain (R)-3Hex. Heck coupling reactions of 6,6'-dibromo-2,2'-dialkoxy-1,1'-binaphthyl compounds with styrene provide chromophores of the type 2,2'-dialkoxy-1,1'-binaphthyl-6,6'-bis(2-phenyl-vinyl). Starting with enantiomerically enriched (R)-2Hex, one obtains (R)-4Hex. Molecules of the type 4 contain two 1-naphthyl-2-phenyl ethylene chromophores with a pseudoorthogonal relationship. Similar procedures can be used to obtain fragments with more extended conjugation length. Thus, the Heck coupling reaction of 2Hex with 4-(4'-tert-butylstyryl)styrene, 1-(4'-tert-butylstyryl)-4-(4'-vinylstyryl)benzene, and 1-(3',5'-dihexyloxystyryl)4-(4'-vinylstyryl)benzene provides 5Hex, 6Hex, and 7Hex, respectively. DSC measurements and powder diffraction experiments indicate that the binaphthol chromophores show a resistance to crystallization. In some cases, considerably different thermal behavior is observed between enantiomerically enriched samples and their racemic counterparts. Increasing the size of the conjugated fragment on the binaphthol core leads to materials with higher glass-transition temperatures and a less pronounced tendency to crystallize. Fluorescence spectroscopy gives evidence of "excimer"-type interactions in the solid state, except for the chromophores with 4-(2,2'-diphenylvinyl)-1-phenyl groups. It is possible to obtain amorphous films of these chromophores directly from solution, and to fabricate light-emitting diodes, in which the electroluminescent layer corresponds to the binaphthyl chromophore.
PSD-95 stabilizes NMDA receptors by inducing the degradation of STEP <sub>61</sub> (2016)

Significance NMDA receptors (NMDARs) are principal regulators of synaptic signaling in the brain. Modulation of NMDARs’ function and trafficking is important for the regulation of synaptic transmission and several forms of synaptic plasticity. Postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) acts as a scaffolding protein and stabilizes the surface and synaptic expression of NMDARs, whereas striatal-enriched protein tyrosine phosphatase (STEP), a brain-specific protein tyrosine phosphatase, dephosphorylates and destabilizes NMDARs via endocytosis. We now demonstrate that PSD-95 binds to STEP 61 and promotes its degradation via the proteasome, thereby stabilizing surface expression of NMDARs. We have revealed a dynamic role for PSD-95 in sculpting protein content at excitatory synapses that is distinct from its canonical role as a scaffolding protein.
Organotin Compounds: New Chemistry and Applications (1976)

A review is given of the development and of the present scope or organotin applications. The striking versatility of these applications is emphasized, and it is concluded that the two main application fields of organotin compounds, viz. as PVC stabilizers and as agricultural and general biocides, are likely to expand considerably in the future. The simultaneous and impressive development of fundamental organotin chemistry has been illustrated by stressing one particular aspect, viz., organotin hydride chemistry.
Insulin Mimetic Peptide Disrupts the Primary Binding Site of the Insulin Receptor (2016)

Sets of synthetic peptides that interact with the insulin receptor ectodomain have been discovered by phage display and reported in the literature. These peptides were grouped into three classes termed Site 1, Site 2, and Site 3 based on their mutual competition of binding to the receptor. Further refinement has yielded, in particular, a 36-residue Site 2-Site 1 fusion peptide, S519, that binds the insulin receptor with subnanomolar affinity and exhibits agonist activity in both lipogenesis and glucose uptake assays. Here, we report three-dimensional crystallographic detail of the interaction of the C-terminal, 16-residue Site 1 component (S519C16) of S519 with the first leucine-rich repeat domain (L1) of the insulin receptor. Our structure shows that S519C16 binds to the same site on the L1 surface as that occupied by a critical component of the primary binding site, namely the helical C-terminal segment of the insulin receptor α-chain (termed αCT). In particular, the two phenylalanine residues within the FYXWF motif of S519C16 are seen to engage the insulin receptor L1 domain surface in a fashion almost identical to the respective αCT residues Phe(701) and Phe(705) The structure provides a platform for the further development of peptidic and/or small molecule agents directed toward the insulin receptor and/or the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor.
Reading Out Charge Qubits with a Radio-Frequency Single-Electron-Transistor (2002)

We describe fabrication and measurements of Single Electron Transistors operated in the Radio Frequency mode (RF-SET). We demonstrate very high sensitivity for RF-SETs and we evaluate the back-action from an RF-SET, when used as a read-out device for charge qubits. We conclude that single-shot read-out is possible with a signal to noise ratio greater than one, and that niobium qubits would substantially improve the signal to noise ratio. Furthermore we describe how the RF-SET could be used to read out a differential qubit in a gradiometer coupling.
Fetal movement patterns: a possible means of defining neurologic developmental milestones in utero (1978)

Phased-array ultrasonography provides a means for continuous observation of moving structures. This method can be used for assessing fetal movements from the middle of the first trimester. Eleven separate spontaneous movement patterns were defined in 40 examinations of clinically normal women (6 weeks to term). A trend of increasingly complex movement with advancing gestational age was noted with indication that discrete developmental events such as isolated body extension, thumb sucking, or repetitive chest wall excursions can be recognized. Fetal movement responses to a simple pressure stimulus were noted.
Tne Undisciplined Discipline:Comparative Literature and Creative Wandering (2007)

本文从美诺悖论出发,探索一种笔者称之为创造之游的质询模式.正如塞思·莱若用错误和越轨来挑战正统与规范并以此达到某种未知或偶然的洞识一样,比较文学以其非学科的学科身份在过去的半个世纪中显示了旺盛的生命力并取得了丰硕的成果。因而,笔者宁愿比较文学成为一个不守陈规、动态而略显凌乱的学科,而非一块贫瘠的研究领域。而这样的比较文学才能促进创造之游,成为庄子所说的广莫之野。
Design optimisation for stent manufacture (2018)

Intravascular stents of various designs are currently used to prop open diseased arteries and there is evidence that different stent geometries have different in-stent restenosis rates. The majority of commercially available stents are designed generically to fit all individuals. Recent advances in imaging and catheter technologies, however, allow measurement of lesion shape and stiffness. Incorporating patient specific data into the stent design process could enable the development of customised stents. Considering the variety of lesion types, it is envisaged that better outcomes will be achieved if a stent is custom designed in such a way that it has variable radial stiffness longitudinally to hold the varying pressure of plaque and healthy artery at the same time while maintaining an acceptable lumen diameter. This type of operation is suitable for topology optimisation potentially allowing for optimal material distribution of a stent. The primary aim of this research is to develop new stent designs for a set of plaque types and investigate the final radius of the lumen after stent implantation. Stent geometries were obtained by topology optimisation for minimised compliance under different stenosis levels and plaque materials. Three types of stenosis levels by area, i.e. 30%, 40% and 50% with each type having three different plaque material properties i.e. calcified, cellular and hypocellular were studied. The optimisation results were transformed to clear design concepts and their performance was evaluated by implanting them in their respective stenosed artery types using finite element analysis. The results were compared with a generic stent in similar arteries, which showed that the new designs showed less recoil. In the hardest (calcified) of plaques studied, topology optimised designs overall resulted in 2%, 2% and 6% residual area stenosis compared to 10%, 29% and 35% from the generic design in arteries with 30%, 40% and 50% stenosis respectively. It was shown that higher material distribution resulted in the central region of the stent in order to resist implantation recoil due to higher plaque compressive loads. Additive manufacturing (AM) was utilised to validate the computational approach used in this thesis. This work provides a proof of concept for stents tailored to specific lesions in order to minimise recoil and maintain a patent lumen in stenotic arteries.
Adaptive transmission for frequency-hop communications with Reed-Solomon coding (2002)

A combination of adaptive-rate Reed-Solomon (RS) coding and adaptive-power transmission is proposed for matching transmissions to the channel conditions in a mobile wireless slow-frequency-hop communication system. Examples are presented which illustrate when it is most beneficial to change the code rate rather than the power level and vice versa. Approaches for controlling the adaptive transmission system are suggested that use information from the RS decoder and receiver side information.
Fabrication of nanofluidic devices and the study of fluid transport through them (2005)

The ability to produce nanotubes with diameters ranging from a few to hundreds of nanometers and lengths in the tens of micro meters opens new, exciting opportunities for fundamental research on the behavior of liquids under confined conditions as well as the development of novel devices such as minimally intrusive probes and biosensors. We start by summarizing the available experimental data on the transport characteristics of liquids in micro and nano-size conduits with hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. Subsequently, we describe the combined use of controlled nanoassembly and photolithographic techniques for the construction of nanotube-based fluidic devices. Finally, we report on a few measurements of liquid transport through carbon nanotubes.
Turnover of Fatty Acids during Natural Senescence of Arabidopsis, <i>Brachypodium</i>, and Switchgrass and in Arabidopsis <i>β-</i>Oxidation Mutants    (2009)

During leaf senescence, macromolecule breakdown occurs and nutrients are translocated to support growth of new vegetative tissues, seeds, or other storage organs. In this study, we determined the fatty acid levels and profiles in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), Brachypodium distachyon, and switchgrass (Panicum virgatum) leaves during natural senescence. In young leaves, fatty acids represent 4% to 5% of dry weight and approximately 10% of the chemical energy content of the leaf tissues. In all three species, fatty acid levels in leaves began to decline at the onset of leaf senescence and progressively decreased as senescence advanced, resulting in a greater than 80% decline in fatty acids on a dry weight basis. During senescence, Arabidopsis leaves lost 1.6% of fatty acids per day at a rate of 2.1 mug per leaf (0.6 mug mg(-1) dry weight). Triacylglycerol levels remained less than 1% of total lipids at all stages. In contrast to glycerolipids, aliphatic surface waxes of Arabidopsis leaves were much more stable, showing only minor reduction during senescence. We also examined three Arabidopsis mutants, acx1acx2, lacs6lacs7, and kat2, which are blocked in enzyme activities of beta-oxidation and are defective in lipid mobilization during seed germination. In each case, no major differences in the fatty acid contents of leaves were observed between these mutants and the wild type, indicating that several mutations in beta-oxidation that cause reduced breakdown of reserve oil in seeds do not substantially reduce the degradation of fatty acids during leaf senescence.
Homocysteine-dependent Alterations in Mitochondrial Gene Expression, Function and Structure (1998)

Mitochondrial abnormalities have been identified in hepatocytes of patients with hyperhomocysteinemia and in endothelial cells from the aortas of rats with diet-induced hyperhomocysteinemia. However, the mechanism by which homocysteine affects mitochondria is unknown. In this report, homocysteine-induced expression of the mitochondrial electron transport chain gene, cytochrome c oxidase III/ATPase 6,8 (CO3/ATPase 6,8), was identified in a human megakaryocytic cell line DAMI using mRNA differential display. Steady-state mRNA levels of CO3/ATPase 6,8, as well as other mitochondrial transcripts, were increased in DAMI cells by homocysteine in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Despite an increase in mitochondrial RNA levels and changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure, no effect on either cell growth or mitochondrial respiration rates was observed in DAMI cells exposed to homocysteine at concentrations up to 1 mM. In contrast, 1 mM homocysteine in the presence of Cu2+, which is known to generate H2O2, significantly decreased mitochondrial RNA levels, caused gross morphological changes in mitochondrial ultrastructure, and inhibited both cell growth and mitochondrial respiration rates. However, precursors of cellular glutathione and preexposure to heat shock blocked the decrease in mitochondrial RNA levels caused by homocysteine and Cu2+. The observations that (i) homocysteine and H2O2, but not H2O2 alone, caused a decrease in mitochondrial RNA levels, (ii) intracellular levels of H2O2 were significantly increased in the presence of homocysteine and Cu2+, and (iii) catalase, but not free radical scavengers, prevented a decrease in mitochondrial RNA levels, provide evidence that homocysteine and H2O2 act synergistically to cause mitochondrial damage. Furthermore, our findings suggest that intracellular glutathione and heat shock proteins play a role in protecting mitochondria against the adverse effects elicited by homocysteine and H2O2.
Diffusion weighted whole body imaging with background body signal suppression (DWIBS): technical improvement using free breathing, STIR and high resolution 3D display. (2004)

Three-dimensional DWIBS can be obtained with this technique, which may allow us to screen for malignancies in the whole body.
Quantitative analysis of dynamic-force-spectroscopy data on graphite(0001) in the contact and noncontact regimes (2000)

We present a comparative experimental and theoretical study of the frequency shift in ultrahigh vacuum dynamic force microscopy at 80 K on graphite(0001) measured as a function of the tip-sample distance for different resonance amplitudes A in the repulsive and attractive regime of the tip-sample forces. The resulting frequency shift versus distance curves scale with ${1/A}^{3/2}$ over the full range. We determined the tip-sample force from the frequency shift versus distance curves and found good agreement with specific force laws for long-range (van der Waals), short-range (Lennard-Jones), and contact (Hertz) forces.
Concurrent application of compaction and compression for test time and data volume reduction in scan designs (2003)

A test pattern compression scheme for test data volume and application time reduction is proposed. While compression reduces test data volume, the increased number of internal scan chains due to an on-chip, fixed-rate decompressor reduces test application time proportionately. Through on-chip decompression, both the number of virtual scan chains visible to the ATE and the functionality of the ATE are retained intact. Complete fault coverage is guaranteed by constructing the decompression hardware deterministically through analysis of the test pattern set.
Compile-Time Partitioning and Scheduling of Parallel Programs. Extended Summary, (1986)

One of the biggest challenges facing language designers and implementors is to develop languages that will be suitable for use on multiprocessors. A wide variety of multiprocessor architectures are currently being built and that variety is expected to increase. Very little software is available to exploit parallelism and speed-up the execution of individual programs. What little work has been done, has focused largely on special-purpose parallelism (e.g. vectorization) or very limited classes of architectures. To understand the issues involved in taking advantage of parallelism and to evaluate architectures, we need to find compilation techniques for fairly general-purpose languages; these techniques need to be adapted to a wide variety of architectures. Only then will it be possible to compare various languages, alternative architectures, and their interaction with different applications. To compile and execute a program in a parallel fashion on a multiprocessor, there are three fundamental problems to be solved: 1) Identification of potential parallelism - discovering parallel computations in the program. 2) Partitioning the program into tasks - each task represents a serially-executed component that can execute in parallel with other tasks. 3) Scheduling the execution of tasks - the tasks must be scheduled for execution on multiple processors.
METALLO-ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING METAL–NITROGEN BONDS: PART IV. SOME BIS-(PRIMARY AMINO)-TITANIUM COMPOUNDS (1963)

The aminolysis reactions involving primary amines with either Ti(NMe 2 ) 4 or Ti(NEt 2 ) 4 have been studied. The primary amines behave as bifunctional reactants, forming colored, insoluble, non-volatile bis-(primary amino)-titanium compounds Ti(NR) 2 which (except for R = C 6 H 5 ) are highly reactive towards water or alcohols. With n-butylamine, some soluble polymers of the general formula Ti x (NBu n ) 2x−2 (NEt 2 ) 4 were isolated. With tert-butyl-amine the dimers Ti 2 (NBu t ) 2 (NMe 2 ) 4 and Ti 2 (NBu t ) 2 (NHBu t ) 2 (NMe 2 ) 2 were obtained. The structures of these polymeric metal–nitrogen compounds are discussed.