gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Room temperature vacuum-induced ligand removal and patterning of ZnOnanoparticles: from semiconducting films towards printed electronics (2009)

In this manuscript we present a new approach for the fabrication of ZnO nanoparticle based semiconducting thin films. The films are obtained by spin coating of stable nanoparticle dispersions with low boiling point ligands. As the ligands might hinder efficient charge transport between the particles in electronic devices, we present a method to remove them by a vacuum-induced “sintering” process of the particles at room temperature. Amine stabilized ZnO nanoparticles were obtained by the decomposition of diethylzinc (Et2Zn) in the presence of amines. If butylamine is used as the ligand, NMR and XPS measurements show that complete removal of butylamine can be achieved by storing the nanoparticles in vacuum overnight. Ligand removal leads to electronic interparticle contact as measured with field effect transistors. The ability to process at room temperature makes this approach highly interesting for temperature-sensitive substrates. The potential of our approach for printed electronics is further shown by patterning nanoparticle dispersions via micro-injection moulding in capillaries as a soft lithographic method.
Reliability at any cost-risk management through contract technology (2005)

Trading of electricity has exploded worldwide and price is displacing system planners as the means to ensure supply matches demand. Who will best ensure reliable supply? The quality of supply will be driven by the quality of the supply contract not by whether the supplier owns physical assets. There is no economic way to target delivery on the integrated electric grid. When faced with a supply shortage, prices can and will rise. Those unable to impose a high, fully compensatory penalty for nondelivery will be forced into buying from the spot market or worse. Efficient allocation of operating and planning risk will be effected through the profit motive catalyzed by contract technology. "Price Majeure" disguised as Force Majeure will end as market sophistication grows.
Slow-release artificial tear inserts in the treatment of dry eyes resulting from the oculomucocutaneous syndrome. (1983)

Patients with dry eyes resulting from the practolol syndrome present a therapeutic challenge. Very frequent instillation of preservative-free drops are the only therapy in most cases. Using an entirely new agent--a hydrophilic polymer in insert form--we have provided in this open study an alternative therapy which shows some subjective and objective advantages. Few patients experienced problems, and none left the study because of failure of retention of the insert. Some patients preferred the cooling, soothing effects of frequent drops. The problems in mounting a clinical trial of this sort are discussed.
Intake of Blueberry Fermented by<i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i>Affects the Gut Microbiota of L-NAME Treated Rats (2013)

Prebiotics, probiotics, or synbiotics can be used as means to regulate the microbiota to exert preventative or beneficial effects to the host. However, not much is known about the effect of the gut microbiota on hypertension which is a major risk factor of cardiovascular disease and also a symptom of the metabolic syndrome. The N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) induced hypertensive rats were used in order to test the effect of a synbiotic dietary supplement of Lactobacillus plantarum HEAL19 either together with fermented blueberry or with three phenolic compounds synthesized during fermentation. The experimental diets did not lower the blood pressure after 4 weeks. However, the fermented blueberries together with live L. plantarum showed protective effect on liver cells indicated by suppressed increase of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) levels. The diversity of the caecal microbiota was neither affected by L-NAME nor the experimental diets. However, inhibition of the nitric oxide synthesis by L-NAME exerted a selection pressure that led to a shift in the bacterial composition. The mixture of fermented blueberries with the bacterial strain altered the caecal microbiota in different direction compared to L-NAME, while the three phenolic compounds together with the bacteria eliminated the selection pressure from the L-NAME.
Takeoff performance of jet-propelled conventional and vectored-thrust STOL aircraft. (1968)

An analytical method for the determination of the air distance of jet-propelled conventional (CTOL) and vectored-thrust short takeoff and landing (STOL) aircraft has been developed. The method assumes constant lift and drag coefficients during the climb and a constant value of the horizontal acceleration based on the aircraft's average velocity from touchoff to the 35- or 50-ft obstacle. It is indicated by this method that some classical or specification methods for computing CTOL air distances are not generally applicable. Design charts are developed for determining the ground, air, and total takeoff distance in terms of: an STOL thrust-to-weight ratio, (Tx/W)/( - TV/W) an effective wing loading (W/S)(l/aCLo)', and the L/D ratio. A parametric study of approximately 100 hypothetical CTOL and STOL aircraft was made, and graphs of the takeoff performance presented. It is shown that thrustto-weight ratios greater than approximately 0.6 are required in order to show performance gains by thrust vectoring, that the major improvement in takeoff distance derives from the reduction in ground roll while air distance is relatively unaffected, and that reduced wing loadings or improved high-lift capabilities are equally as beneficial.
Applications of a nonlinear smoothing algorithm to speech processing (1975)

In this paper a nonlinear smoothing algorithm recently proposed by Tukey is described and evaluated for speech processing applications. Simple linear smoothing routines generally fail to provide adequate smoothing for data which exhibit both local roughness and sharp discontinuities. The proposed nonlinear smoothing algorithm can effectively smooth such data by using a combination of median smoothing routines and linear filtering. The concept of double smoothing is introduced as a refinement on the smoothing algorithm. Examples of the application of the nonlinear smoothing methods to typical speech parameters are included in this paper.
Finite element analysis of crosstalk in a rotary transformer for VCRs (1991)

The main cause of crosstalk in a rotary transformer for video cassette recorders (VCRs) is described using the axisymmetric finite-element method and by experiment. The finite-element methods support the magnetic field analysis taking into account the eddy current and the electrical circuits outside the analysis area, while the electric field analysis takes into account of resistance and capacity. The main cause of crosstalk is verified to involve the effect of electric field and the effect of magnetic field.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of octapeptin C4 and biological profiling against NDM-1 and polymyxin-resistant bacteria (2017)

The first synthesis of octapeptin C4 was achieved using a combination of solid phase synthesis and off-resin cyclisation. Octapeptin C4 displayed antibiotic activity against multi-drug resistant, NDM-1 and polymyxin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria, with moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The linear analogue of octapeptin C4 was also prepared, which showed reduced activity.
An Analysis of the Hygroscopic Aerosol Behavior Using the Moving Sectional Method (1998)

Hygroscopic aerosols can rapidly grow in size by steam condensation even under subsaturated steam conditions. Much efforts have been made to handle this process, but there have been computational difficulties in handling the condensational growth of hygroscopic aerosols by contentional methods. A recently released computer code, CONTAIN 2.0, employs a new technique called Moving Sectional Method(MSM) to handle the growth of hygroscopic aerosols. As a part of the model verification efforts, we have used the code to simulate the VANAM M3U hygroscopic aerosol experiment. We assess the accuracies of the new MSM and the conventional Fixed Sectional Method(ESM) based on the simulation results. Also presented are discussions about the robustness of the MSM.
Neutrality-Based Symmetric Cryptanalysis (2010)

Cryptographic primitives are the basic components of any cryptographic tool. Block ciphers, stream ciphers and hash functions are the fundamental primitives of symmetric cryptography. In symmetric cryptography, the communicating parties perform essentially the same operation and use the same key, if any. This thesis concerns cryptanalysis of stream ciphers and hash functions. The main contribution of this work is introducing the concept of probabilistic neutrality for the arguments of a function, a generalization of the definition of neutrality. An input argument of a given function is called neutral if it does not affect the output of the function. This simple idea has already been implicitly used in key recovery cryptanalysis of block ciphers and stream ciphers. However, in 2004, Biham and Chen explicitly used the idea of neutrality to speed up collision finding algorithms for hash functions. We call an input argument of a function probabilistic neutral if it does not have a "significant" influence on the output of the function. Simply stated, it means that if the input argument is changed, the output of the function stays the same with a probability "close" to one. We will exploit the idea of probabilistic neutrality to assess the security of several stream ciphers and hash functions. Interestingly, all our cryptanalyses rely on neutrality and/or probabilistic neutrality. In other words, these concepts will appear as a common ingredient in all of our cryptanalytic algorithms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that the probabilistic neutrality has found diverse applications in cryptanalysis.
Effect of the Cholesterol Content of Reconstituted LpA-I on Lecithin:Cholesterol Acyltransferase Activity (1995)

The production of cholesteryl ester (CE) by lecithin: cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) is elevated significantly in hyperlipidemic subjects at high risk for coronary artery disease. To elucidate the molecular events involved, the relationship between LCAT activation and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I charge and structure in high density lipoproteins (HDL) has been studied in both native HDL and homogeneous recombinant HDL (Lp2A-I) particles containing apoA-I, palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol. Increasing the cholesterol content of discoidal Lp2A-I from 4 to 26 molecules/particle raises the maximum rate of cholesterol esterification by LCAT (Vmax) from 3.1 to 9.2 nmol CE/h/unit of LCAT and increases the apparent Km from 0.5 to 3.5 microM cholesterol. Similarly, increasing the cholesterol content in triolein core-containing Lp2A-I (4-18 molecules/particle) and in native HDL3 (12-21 molecules/particle) also significantly increases the Vmax for LCAT (2.8-7.7 and 0.5-3.6 nmol CE/h, respectively) and raises the Km values (7.6-36.9 and 7.3-8.5 microM cholesterol, respectively). In contrast, changes in the cholesterol content of native and recombinant HDL have no significant effect on the apparent Km values when expressed in terms of the concentration of either apoA-I or palmitoyloleoyl phosphatidylcholine. This appears to indicate that interfacial cholesterol content has no effect on the binding affinity of LCAT to different LpA-I particles but directly affects catalysis by modulating the interaction of cholesterol molecules with the active site of LCAT. Increasing the cholesterol content of the different HDL particles progressively increases the particle net negative charge, and these changes in apoA-I charge are strongly correlated with both the Vmax and apparent Km values for LCAT. This suggests that the conformation and charge of apoA-I play a central role in LCAT activation and that these parameters are influenced by the amount of cholesterol in the surface of HDL particles.
Foam as a Diverting Technique for Matrix Sandstone Stimulation (1986)

Abstract It is often difficult to adequately treat the entire perforated interval in a damaged, gravel packed well. Foam was evaluated in the laboratory as a diverting technique for hydrofluoric acid treatments, and encouraging results led to field evaluation of foam diverting in 12 wells in the Gulf of Mexico. Generation of stable foam at low pump rates was aided by the use of a coil tubing unit, which further enhances treatment results by enabling the various fluids to be spotted at or below the perforated interval. Two different techniques were used in these treatments: staged foam injection and foam injection during the first third of the treatment. Production data was used to evaluate the foam diverting technique. Also, temperature logs were run before and after one treatment to provide further information on the benefits of foam. Advantages and disadvantages of foam diverting as well as treatment design procedures, laboratory data, and production data relating to foam diverting in matrix hydrofluoric acid treatments are presented in this paper.
On Optimizing Bin Picking and Insertion Plans for Assembly Robots (1984)

Abstract In robotic assembly stations robots pick a series of component parts from bins and then insert and assemble them. Several approaches are described and formulated for optimizing bin organization, picking, and insertion sequence and route. Solution procedures are developed for several modes of assembly tasks. The Simple Assembly Plan problem (SAP) is defined and solved. Extensions to this problem are heuristically solved by separating the SAP problem into the Bin Assignment Problem (BAP) and the Pick-Insert Sequencing (PIS) problem. We then define and formulate a new version of the assignment problem which is termed the Minimax Assignment Problem (MAP). An algorithm for the solution of this problem is developed and tested.
FK 506 inhibits the development of transplant arteriosclerosis. (1991)

Transplant arteriosclerosis is the most serious complication of successful cardiac transplantation.1,2 Improvements in cardiac graft survival after transplantation have led to the recognition of a proliferative, occlusive arteriosclerosis in the coronary arteries of the graft. In rats, this arteriosclerosis is the result of chronic, immune-mediated rejection reaction.3 Manipulation of the recipient immune responses results in alterations in the expression of the disease. Effective immunosuppression with cyclosporine (CyA), for example, can prevent the development of the lesions.4 There have been recent reports, however, that FK 506 may be responsible for stimulating, rather than preventing, transplant arteriosclerosis in rats.5 We have recently evaluated the influence of FK 506 treatment on the development of transplant arteriosclerosis in the LEW-to-F344 rat allograft model. These studies were designed to establish whether (1) FK 506 alone will induce arteriosclerosis in syngeneic grafts and (2) whether the treatment of cardiac allograft recipients with minimal levels of FK 506 will interfere with or prevent the development of transplant arteriosclerosis.
Optimal chaotic spread spectrum sequences for uplink CDMA systems (2002)

This paper derives general results on the partial autocorrelation function of the optimal spreading sequences for asynchronous CDMA systems with respect to the minimization of the average error probability under the standard Gaussian approximation (SGA) condition without the assumption of "independence" and "stationarity" on the spreading sequences. A practical implementation of the optimal real-valued spreading sequence by using chaotic dynamical systems, particularly dynamical systems with Lebesgue spectrum, is provided. Based on the ergodic theory of dynamical systems, we construct a family of optimal chaotic Chebyshev spreading sequences and analyze their performance. An asynchronous CDMA system using the optimal spreading sequences allows 15% more users than when random white sequences are employed. Simulation results show that the system performance using this family of chaotic Chebyshev spreading sequences are superior compared to Gold codes when employed for an asynchronous CDMA system.
Minimum Bayes-Risk decoding with presumedword significance for speech based information retrieval (2008)

This paper addresses automatic speech recognition (ASR) oriented for speech based information retrieval (IR). Since the significance of words differs in IR, in ASR for IR, ASR performance should be evaluated based on weighted word error rate (WWER), which gives a different weight on each word recognition error from the viewpoint of IR, instead of word error rate (WER), which treats all words uniformly. In this paper, we firstly discuss an automatic estimation method of word significance (weights), and then, we perform ASR based on Minimum Bayes-Risk framework using the presumed word significance, and show that the ASR approach that minimizes WWER calculated from the presumed word weighs is effective for speech based IR.
Regulation of Opioid Antagonist and Mu, Kappa or Delta Agonist Binding by Guanine Nucleotide and Sodium (1984)

Effects of 5′-guanylylimidodiphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) and sodium on the inhibition by various opioids of [3H]-naloxone binding to guinea-pig brain membrane preparations were studied. The ratio of the concentration required to produce a 50% inhibition of [3H]-naloxone binding in the presence of both Gpp(NH)p and sodium to that in the absence of both Gpp(NH)p and sodium (IC50 ratio) was less than 1 for antagonists, from 3 to 10 for mixed agonist-antagonists, from 16 to 85 for either kappa, delta, or peptide mu agonists, and more than 200 for morphine-like non-peptide mu agonists. Exceptionally, the IC50 ratio of N,N-diallyl-[D-Ala2, D-Leu5]-enkephalin, an opioid which had been shown not to have an agonist activity in guinea-pig ileum but to have a naloxone-reversible agonist activity in mouse vas deferens, was less than 1. The significance of the different IC50 ratio among opioids employed in the present study was discussed.
Quantitative analysis of [18F]FDDNP PET using subcortical white matter as reference region (2008)

Subcortical white matter is known to be relatively unaffected by amyloid deposition in Alzheimerâs disease (AD). We investigated the use of subcortical white matter as a reference region to quantify [18F]FDDNP binding in the human brain.\nDynamic [18F]FDDNP PET studies were performed on 7 control subjects and 12Â AD patients. Population efflux rate constants (\n \n \n \n $$ {k\\prime_2} $$\n ) from subcortical white matter (centrum semiovale) and cerebellar cortex were derived by a simplified reference tissue modeling approach incorporating physiological constraints. Regional distribution volume ratio (DVR) estimates were derived using Logan and simplified reference tissue approaches, with either subcortical white matter or cerebellum as reference input. Discriminant analysis with cross-validation was performed to classify control subjects and AD patients.\nThe population estimates of \n \n \n \n $$ {k\\prime_2} $$\n in subcortical white matter did not differ significantly between control subjects and AD patients but the variability of individual estimates of \n \n \n \n $$ {k\\prime_2} $$\n determined in white matter was lower than that in cerebellum. Logan DVR showed dependence on the efflux rate constant in white matter. The DVR estimates in the frontal, parietal, posterior cingulate, and temporal cortices were significantly higher in the AD group (p<0.01). Incorporating all these regional DVR estimates as predictor variables in discriminant analysis yielded accurate classification of control subjects and AD patients with high sensitivity and specificity, and the results agreed well with those using the cerebellum as the reference region.\nSubcortical white matter can be used as a reference region for quantitative analysis of [18F]FDDNP with the Logan method which allows more accurate and less biased binding estimates, but a population efflux rate constant has to be determined a priori.
Inter-Organizational Networks: Stringing Wires Across Administrative Boundaries. (1985)

Abstract The fundamental difference between computer-communication networks that operate across administrative boundaries and more traditional interorganizational communication modes is that a user in one organization can cause some event to occur automatically within the domain of another organization, without any human intervention or auditing. We discuss four categories of network application, each of which provides a different range of capabilities to external users and a different degree of control over external-usage to an organization. We generalize on the organizational-policy issues identified in these four categories and provide an example of a policy problem that arises across the full spectrum of network applications, the pairwise connection problem. We then describe the concerns that might commonly arise across two types of administrative boundary, budget and proprietary; for example, cost accounting, security, and control of transit. We also comment on the difficulty of employing existing technical mechanisms to implement policy controls in gateways. Of the three arenas of inter-organizational network activity that we describe, the research-center/university arena employs the most sophisticated technology and applications. We attribute the relative intensity of organizational-policy problems encountered in this arena to the degree of integration of each participating organization's internal facilities with its external-communication facilities. Similarly, we speculate that the absence of such integration in existing industry-wide and supplier-customer communication arenas partially accounts for the rarity with which organizational-policy problems have been encountered to date. We conclude by speculating on a number of public-policy questions that inter-corporate network interconnection will pose: in particular the implications for public versus private telecommunications services, and the implications for competition and/or cooperation among firms.
The use of transcutaneous oximetry to predict complications of chronic wound healing: A systematic review and meta‐analysis (2011)

Transcutaneous oximetry (P(tc) O(2) ) has been proposed as a method to predict nonhealing of chronic wounds and the occurrence of healing complications. However, the validity of this method as an independent predictor and an optimal threshold value for this tool are poorly defined. We undertook a systematic review and meta-analysis to address these questions, searching five major medical databases, relevant review articles, and reference lists. We included all studies that used multivariable analysis to evaluate P(tc) O(2) for its ability to predict chronic wound healing complications. Article selection and data abstraction were conducted independently and in duplicate. Four studies, enrolling 901 patients with 910 lower extremity chronic wounds, met our inclusion criteria. These studies showed that a peri-wound P(tc) O(2) level below a cutoff of 20 mmHg or 30 mmHg was an independent predictor of chronic wound healing complications (odds ratio 3.21, 95% confidence interval 1.07-9.69, I(2) = 77%). A threshold value of 20 mmHg was used most frequently in the included studies and showed the strongest association. This review was limited by the small number of studies, a possible reporting bias, and heterogeneity. These results suggest that P(tc) O(2) measurements have independent prognostic value in the assessment of chronic wounds, but further research is required to confirm these findings and define an optimal threshold value.