gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of light output from planar optical devices using wavelength-scale microstructure (2000)

Summary form only given. The control of waveguided modes in light-emitting materials is an important goal in quantum optics. It is of particular practical interest in planar optical devices such as light emitting diodes (LED's), in which most of the generated light is confined in waveguided modes, leading to a loss of usefully extractable radiation. In this paper we report the use of wavelength-scale microstructure to control light emission from thin films. In particular we show that lateral microstructure can be incorporated into an LED structure giving a doubling of the efficiency of the device.
GLOSSARY THE MOST IMPORTANT SPANISH AND INDIAN WORDS USED IN THIS WORK (2011)

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Wireless physical-layer security via transmit precoding over dispersive channels: optimum linear eavesdropping (2003)

Multi-layer security and information assurance frameworks will become essential as potential attackers' resources continue to grow. Due to its growing use and obvious vulnerability, wireless communication is in particular need of protection. As available computational power increases, transmitters will be able to implement sophisticated precoding to increase transmission security. We consider the security-enhancing capability of algebraic channel decomposition multiplexing (ACDM), a form of multipulse spread-spectrum precoding for dispersive wireless channels that results in orthogonal signaling at the receiver. In ACDM, the transmit code vectors are determined from the SVD of the convolution matrix describing the channel between the transmitter and desired receiver. Since any potential transmitter-eavesdropper channel is going to have a different multipath structure, the eavesdropper's ability to detect and decode the transmissions can be severely reduced. We develop semi-analytical formulae for the performance penalty experienced by an eavesdropper employing the optimum linear MMSE receiver under the worst-case assumptions that it has perfect knowledge of the transmit code set and its own channel response. Using realistic channel models, we demonstrate that such an eavesdropper experiences a significant performance degradation, and show that this degradation is due to a combination of diversity loss and inter-code interference.
Generating Legible Motion (2018)

Legible motion --- motion that communicates its intent to a human observer --- is crucial for enabling seamless human-robot collaboration. In this paper, we propose a functional gradient optimization technique for autonomously generating legible motion. Our algorithm optimizes a legibility metric inspired by the psychology of action interpretation in humans, resulting in motion trajectories that purposefully deviate from what an observer would expect in order to better convey intent. A trust region constraint on the optimization ensures that the motion does not become too surprising or unpredictable to the observer. Our studies with novice users that evaluate the resulting trajectories support the applicability of our method and of such a trust region. They show that within the region, legibility as measured in practice does significantly increase. Outside of it, however, the trajectory becomes confusing and the users' confidence in knowing the robot's intent significantly decreases.
MOCVD grown InGaAs/GaAs vertical cavity surfaceemittinglaser on GaAs (311)B substrate (1997)

The authors have realised an InGaAs/GaAs vertical cavity surface emitting laser grown on a GaAs (311)B substrate by metal-organic chemical-vapour deposition. A carbon auto-doping technique was used to avoid the difficulty of p-type doping (>1019 cm–3) AlAs for a distributed Bragg reflector. A low electrical resistance of p-type GaAs/AlAs DBRs on GaAs (311)B was obtained by using delta doping and compositional grading layers. The lowest threshold was 16 mA at room temperature CW operation for a 50 µm diameter device. The threshold current density is 810 A/cm2 which is reasonably low for non-optimised experimental conditions. The polarisation state was stable.
AAV2 Delivery of Flt23k Intraceptors Inhibits Murine Choroidal Neovascularization (2014)

Long-term inhibition of extracellular vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the treatment of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) may induce retinal neuronal toxicity and risk other side effects. We developed a novel strategy which inhibits retinal pigment epithelium (RPE)-derived VEGF, sparing other highly sensitive retinal tissues. Flt23k, an intraceptor inhibitor of VEGF, was able to inhibit VEGF in vitro. Adeno-associated virus type 2 (AAV2)-mediated expression of Flt23k was maintained for up to 6 months postsubretinal injection in mice. Flt23k was able to effectively inhibit laser-induced murine choroidal neovascularization (CNV). VEGF levels in the RPE/choroid complex decreased significantly in AAV2.Flt23k treated eyes. Neither retinal structure detected by Heidelberg Spectralis nor function measured by electroretinography (ERG) was adversely affected by treatment with AAV2.Flt23k. Hence AAV2.Flt23k can effectively maintain long-term expression and inhibit laser-induced CNV in mice through downregulation of VEGF while maintaining a sound retinal safety profile. These findings suggest a promising novel approach for the treatment of CNV.
Signal processing algorithms using Fortran and C (1992)

Molecular Breeding is an international journal publishing papers on all aspects of research focused on applications of plant molecular biology - that is, research with results most likely leading to practical applications. The practical applications might relate to the developing world as well as to the Western world and have demonstrable benefits for the seed industry, farmers, the processing industry, the environment and the consumer. All papers contribute to the understanding and progress of modern plant breeding, encompassing the scientific disciplines of biochemistry, genetics, physiology, pathology, plant breeding and ecology, among others. Special emphasis is given to the molecular and cellular approaches to these disciplines.
Sub-lexical modelling using a finite state transducer framework (2002)

The finite state transducer (FST) approach has been widely used as an effective and flexible framework for speech systems. In this framework, a speech recognizer is represented as the composition of a series of FSTs combining various knowledge sources across sub-lexical and high-level linguistic layers. We use this FST framework to explore some sub-lexical modelling approaches, and propose a hybrid model that combines an ANGIE morpho-phonemic model with a lexicon-based phoneme network model. These sub-lexical models are converted to FST representations and can be conveniently composed to build the recognizer. Our preliminary perplexity experiments show that the proposed hybrid model has the advantage of imposing strong constraints to the in-vocabulary words as well as providing detailed sub-lexical syllabification and morphology analysis of the out-of-vocabulary (OOV) words. Thus it has the potential of offering good performance and can better handle the OOV problem in speech recognition.
Dealing with Packet Delay Variation in IEEE 1588 Synchronization Using a Sample-Mode Filter (2013)

In this paper, we characterize the delay profile of an Ethernet cross-traffic network statically loaded with one of the ITU-T network models and a larger Ethernet inline traffic loaded with uniformlysized packets, showing how the average time interval between consecutive minimum-delayed packets increases with increased network load. We compare three existing skew-estimation algorithms and show that the best performance is achieved by solving a linear programming problem on "de-noised" delay samples. This skew-estimation method forms the basis of a new sample-mode algorithm for packet delay variation filtering. We use numerical simulations in OPNET to illustrate the performance of the sample-mode filter in the networks. We compare the performance of the proposed PDV filter with those of the existing sample minimum, mean, and maximum filters and observe that the sample-mode filtering algorithm is able to match or outperform other types of filters, at different levels of network load.
Ahora o nunca: El rol de los Recursos Humanos en el modelo de desarrollo de capital humano (2001)

La funcion de Recursos Humanos ha adquirido una importancia estrategica, fundamentalmente avalada por la propia direccion general. En esta articulo los autores revisan algunas de las funciones y tareas que esperan a los directores de Recursos Humanos en el futuro, respondiendo a cuestiones como: que roles desempenaran los gestores de Recursos Humanos, que competencias y capacidades fundamentales tendran que impulsar los Recursos Humanos para permitir a las firmas aprender y capitalizar nuevas oportunidades, como impulsaran los Recursos Humanos las capacidades y compromiso necesarios para asegurar un incremento continuo del capital humano que constituya la verdadera reserva de ventaja competitiva de la organizacion, como concretar este nuevo papel de socios estrategicos, tan aclamado y recurrente como inedito y plagado de incognitas y, en definitiva, ?como organizar una estrategia de desarrollo de capital humano alineada con los nuevos retos que se exigen a la funcion. Finalmente, los autores analizan los elementos de un modelo de gestion caracterizado por la vision, la mision, los objetivos, el valor y los principios. Las tesis de los autores se ilustran con una experiencia en Coca-Cola.
Optimization of Air Electrode for Li/Air Batteries (2010)

The effects of carbon microstructure and loading on the performance of Li/air batteries were investigated. We found that the capacities of Li/air batteries were related to both the specific capacity per unit weight of the carbon source and the carbon locating per unit area . Therefore, the product of these two parameters [i.e., the area-specific capacity ] was introduced to optimize the performance of the air electrode. At the fixed electrolyte amount , the best area-specific capacity of was obtained at a carbon loading of . Further increase or decrease in the carbon loading led to a reduced area-specific capacity. The capacities of air electrodes increased with increasing mesopore volumes of the carbon sources. The uniformity of the pore sizes also played an important role in determining the electrochemical performances of the Li/air batteries. At fixed carbon loading and discharge rates, the capacity increased significantly with increasing electrolyte amounts. This phenomenon was explained by the formation of extra triphase regions in the air electrodes. After optimizing the electrode and electrolyte parameters, a high capacity of carbon was obtained for Li/air batteries operated in ambient oxygen pressure (0.21 atm).
Exciton states in wurtzite InGaN strained coupled quantum dots: Effects of piezoelectricity and spontaneous polarization (2005)

Within the framework of the effective-mass approximation, exciton states confined in wurtzite InxGa1−xN∕GaN strained coupled quantum dots (QDs) are investigated by means of a variational approach, including three-dimensional confinement of the electrons and holes in the QDs and strong built-in electric field effects caused by the piezoelectricity and spontaneous polarization. The relationship between exciton states and structural parameters of coupled QDs is studied in detail. We find that the strong built-in electric field in the InxGa1−xN∕GaN strained coupled QDs gives rise to a marked reduction of the effective band gap of InxGa1−xN QDs and leads to a remarkable increasing of the emission wavelengths. Both the sizes and alloy fluctuations of QDs have a significant influence on the exciton states and interband optical transitions in coupled QDs. Moreover, the barrier thickness between the two coupled InxGa1−xN QDs has a considerable influence on the exciton states and optical properties. When the barrier thickness is increased, the exciton binding energy is reduced, the emission wavelength is increased, and the electron-hole recombination rate is obviously reduced. Our theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental measurements.
Choosing Less‐Preferred Experiences For the Sake of Variety (1999)

Data from several experiments show that, contrary to traditional models of variety seeking, individuals choose to switch to less-preferred options even though they enjoy those items less than they would have enjoyed repeating a more-preferred option. Two explanations for this finding are tested. Results indicate no evidence of a benefit to more-preferred options due to the contrast to less-preferred alternatives. However, the results of three studies suggest that retrospective global evaluations favor varied sequences that also include less-preferred items as opposed to sequences that only include more-preferred items, even though these more varied sequences result in diminished enjoyment during consumption. Copyright 1999 by the University of Chicago.
Transactivation of the EGF Receptor Mediates IGF-1-stimulated Shc Phosphorylation and ERK1/2 Activation in COS-7 Cells (2000)

The receptor for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) mediates multiple cellular responses, including stimulation of both proliferative and anti-apoptotic pathways. We have examined the role of cross talk between the IGF-1 receptor (IGF-1R) and the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in mediating responses to IGF-1. In COS-7 cells, IGF-1 stimulation causes tyrosine phosphorylation of the IGF-1R beta subunit, the EGFR, insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), and the Shc adapter protein. Shc immunoprecipitates performed after IGF-1 stimulation contain coprecipitated EGFR, suggesting that IGF-1R activation induces the assembly of EGFR.Shc complexes. Tyrphostin AG1478, an inhibitor of the EGFR kinase, markedly attenuates IGF-1-stimulated phosphorylation of EGFR, Shc, and ERK1/2 but has no effect on phosphorylation of IGF-1R, IRS-1, and protein kinase B (Akt). Cross talk between IGF-1 and EGF receptors is mediated through an autocrine mechanism involving matrix metalloprotease-dependent release of heparin-binding EGF (HB-EGF), because IGF-1-mediated ERK activation is inhibited both by [Glu(52)]Diphtheria toxin, a specific inhibitor of HB-EGF, and the metalloprotease inhibitor 1,10-phenanthroline. These data demonstrate that IGF-1 stimulation of the IRS-1/PI3K/Akt pathway and the EGFR/Shc/ERK1/2 pathway occurs by distinct mechanisms and suggest that IGF-1-mediated "transactivation" of EGFR accounts for the majority of IGF-1-stimulated Shc phosphorylation and subsequent activation of the ERK cascade.
Isolation of Organic Anions by Extraction with Liquid Anion Exchangers and Its Application to Micromethods for Acetylcholinesterase and 4-Aminobutyrate Aminotransferase (1978)

Organic anions of particular importance to biochemistry such as Krebs cycle intermediates, glycolysis intermediates, simple fatty acids, adenine nucleotides and CoA derivatives can be quantitatively extracted from a buffered solution by high-molecular-weight ammonium salts in an organic solvent. Phosphate salts of tertiary amines in chloroform were the most efficient extractants. The isolation procedure was found to be an example of amine neutralization. The effect of pH, different inorganic anions, volume ratios between the two phases, concentration of the isolated anions and concentration of the ammonium salts have been investigated. The extraction technique has been applied to rapid and sensitive radiochemical methods for the determination of acetylcholinesterase and 4-aminobutyrate aminotransferase activities.
Pulse Pressure Correlates in Humans With a Proscillaridin A Immunoreactive Compound (1996)

Endogenous digitalis-like factors in humans are presumably cardenolides and bufadienolides. To test whether bufadienolide-like substances may circulate in human blood, we used antibodies from rabbits against the bufadienolide proscillaridin A to measure the concentration of cross-reacting material in human plasma with an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. IgG had an apparent affinity of 2 x 10(-9) mol/L for proscillaridin A. It was specific for bufadienolides and did not cross-react with cardenolides or several steroid hormones. Extraction of human plasma with ethanol and fractionation of this extract over a high-performance liquid chromatographic reverse-phase C18 column with a propanol/isopropanol gradient resulted in the separation of three peaks of increasing hydrophobicity (ED1, ED2, ED3) that inhibited the sodium pump of human red blood cells and cross-reacted with proscillaridin A antibodies. The concentration of the proscillaridin A immunoreactivity ED1 in normotensive subjects had a geometric mean of 0.1 nmol/L, with a dispersion factor of 8.77. ED1 correlated positively in a group of 60 normotensive subjects, 22 patients with hypertension, and 19 patients with chronic renal failure with mean arterial blood pressure (log ED1 [nmol/L] = 0.013 x mm Hg-2.17, r = .25, P < .05), systolic pressure (log ED1 [nmol/L] = 0.010 x mm Hg-2.23, r = .32, P < .01), and pulse pressure (log ED1 [nmol/L] = 0.019 x mm Hg-1.80, r = .38, P < .0001). There was no correlation with other parameters of the donors. We conclude that several substances cross-reacting with proscillaridin A antibodies and inhibiting the sodium pump of human red blood cells circulate in human blood. The level of one of these substances (ED1) correlates with mean arterial and pulse pressures.
Maintaining Functional and Behavioral Abilities in Alzheimer Disease (2001)

Limitations associated with conventional acetylcholinesterase inhibitors have led to interest in therapies with more than one mode of action. Galantamine is a novel treatment for Alzheimer disease with a dual mode of action. The mechanisms involved may result in better long-term cognitive function, and may specifically affect behavioral symptoms. Three acetylcholinesterase inhibitors available in the USA, donepezil, rivastigmine and tacrine, have demonstrated improvements in activities of daily living. However, data are mixed and much is questionable because of the outcome measures used. Galantamine showed evidence of functional benefit in three pivotal Phase III studies of up to 6 months' duration. Furthermore, galantamine stabilized instrumental and basic activities of daily living in an open-label 12-month study. This long-term maintenance of functional ability would be expected to be an important benefit for patients and carers. Open-label studies have suggested that donepezil and tacrine might have beneficial effects on behavioral symptoms. In a 5-month pivotal study, galantamine significantly slowed the progression of behavioral symptoms in patients with mild-to-moderate Alzheimer disease. These behavioral benefits were associated with reduced caregiver distress and translated into reduced caregiver time. These benefits would be expected to make an important difference to the quality of life of patients and caregivers.
Multimodal-Transport Collaborative Evacuation Strategies for Urban Serious Emergency Incidents Based on Multi-Sources Spatiotemporal Data (Short Paper) (2018)

When serious emergency events happen in metropolitan cities where pedestrians and vehicles are in high-density, single modal-transport cannot meet the requirements of quick evacuations. Existing mixed modes of transportation lacks spatiotemporal collaborative ability, which cannot work together to accomplish evacuation tasks in a safe and efficient way. It is of great scientific significance and application value for emergency response to adopt multimodal-transport evacuations and improve their spatial-temporal collaboration ability. However, multimodal-transport evacuation strategies for urban serious emergency event are great challenge to be solved. The reasons lie in that: (1) large-scale urban emergency environment are extremely complicated involving many geographical elements (e.g., road, buildings, over-pass, square, hydrographic net, etc.); (2) Evacuated objects are dynamic and hard to be predicted. (3) the distributions of pedestrians and vehicles are unknown. To such issues, this paper reveals both collaborative and competitive mechanisms of multimodal-transport, and further makes global optimal evacuation strategies from the macro-optimization perspective. Considering detailed geographical environment, pedestrian, vehicle and urban rail transit, a multi-objective multi-dynamic-constraints optimization model for multimodal-transport collaborative emergency evacuation is constructed. Take crowd incidents in Shenzhen as example, empirical experiments with real-world data are conducted to evaluate the evacuation strategies and path planning. It is expected to obtain innovative research achievements on theory and method of urban emergency evacuation in serious emergency events. Moreover, this research results provide spatial-temporal decision support for urban emergency response, which is benefit to constructing smart and safe cities.
Lactococcus chungangensis sp. nov., a lactic acid bacterium isolated from activated sludge foam (2008)

The taxonomic position of a Gram-positive coccus, designated strain CAU 28T, isolated from activated sludge foam was determined by using a polyphasic approach. Based on its cellular morphology and the results of biochemical tests, strain CAU 28T was identified tentatively as a member of the genus Lactococcus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that levels of similarity between strain CAU 28T and the type strains of recognized Lactococcus species ranged from 90.4 to 97.2 %. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed that strain CAU 28T displayed less than 26.1 % relatedness to the type strains of recognized Lactococcus species. The rep-PCR fingerprints revealed that strain CAU 28T was well separated from reference Lactococcus species. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data indicate that strain CAU 28T represents a novel species of the genus Lactococcus, for which the name Lactococcus chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 28T (=KCTC 13185T =CCUG 55099T).
Control of Fluorescent Screen Dot Size for Color TV (1956)

Methods of fabricating dot fluorescent screens for color television mask-type tubes are summarized, and the dot size control factors associated with the different methods are explored. Special emphasis is given to screening factors for focus mask-type tubes which have high-transmission masks. The tube and mask geometry is studied, and the effect of light-intensity gradients across the dot image as a function of light source size is considered. From these studies, and a knowledge of the physical characteristics of the binder and phosphor materials, an optical method of dot-size control is developed using photographic exposure time and light source size as the parameters. Lastly, annulus-shaped light exposure sources are considered and are shown to produce images having improved size control characteristics.
Business-To-Business Exchanges (2001)

Abstract Business-to-business electronic commerce includes the use of exchanges, Internet-based marketplaces in which companies can purchase or sell a variety of products, some generic across industries and others specific to a given industry. the proliferation of exchanges since 1999 provides managers with numerous choices for purchasing and selling office supplies, maintenance and repair equipment, and surplus inventory as well as steel, paper, plastics, energy, and a host of other industry products. Business managers and IT professionals need to be aware of the costs and benefits of using exchanges and how exchanges may affect companies operating at various points on the supply chain. This article describes the various types of exchanges, how they evolved, and their costs and benefits. It provides advice to managers regarding the selection and effective use of exchanges.