gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and start-up of a high rate anaerobic membrane bioreactor for the treatment of a low pH, high strength, dissolved organic waste water (2008)

A Submerged Membrane Anaerobic Reactor (SMAR) is being developed for the treatment of waste water originating in Sasol's coal to fuel synthesis process. The laboratory-scale SMAR uses A4-size submerged flat panel ultrafiltration membranes to induce a 100% solids-liquid separation. Biogas gets extracted from the headspace above the anaerobic mixed liquor and reintroduced through a coarse bubble diffuser below the membranes. This induces a gas scour on the membranes that avoids biomass immobilization and membrane fouling. The substrate is a high strength (18 gCOD/l) petrochemical effluent consisting mostly of C2 to C6 short chain fatty acids with a low pH. Because of this, the pH of the reactor has to be controlled to a pH of 7.1. Organic Loading Rates of up to 25 kgCOD/m3 reactor volume/d has been observed with effluent COD normally <500 mgCOD/l and FSA <50 mgN/l with no particulates >0.45 microm at hydraulic retention times of 17 hours. 98% of the COD is converted to methane and the remainder to biomass. Mixed Liquor (MLSS) concentrations >30 gTSS/l can be maintained without deterioration of membrane fluxes, even though the Diluted Sludge Volume Index (DSVI) indicates that the sludge cannot be settled. No noteworthy deterioration in membrane performance has been observed over the 320 day operational period.
Xenoepitope Substitution Avoids Deceptive Imprinting and Broadens the Immune Response to Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (2012)

Many RNA viruses encode error-prone polymerases which introduce mutations into B and T cell epitopes, providing a mechanism for immunological escape. When regions of hypervariability are found within immunodominant epitopes with no known function, they are referred to as "decoy epitopes," which often deceptively imprint the host's immune response. In this work, a decoy epitope was identified in the foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O VP1 G-H loop after multiple sequence alignment of 118 isolates. A series of chimeric cyclic peptides resembling the type O G-H loop were prepared, each bearing a defined "B cell xenoepitope" from another virus in place of the native decoy epitope. These sequences were derived from porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus (PRRSV), from HIV, or from a presumptively tolerogenic sequence from murine albumin and were subsequently used as immunogens in BALB/c mice. Cross-reactive antibody responses against all peptides were compared to a wild-type peptide and ovalbumin (OVA). A broadened antibody response was generated in animals inoculated with the PRRSV chimeric peptide, in which virus binding of serum antibodies was also observed. A B cell epitope mapping experiment did not reveal recognition of any contiguous linear epitopes, raising the possibility that the refocused response was directed to a conformational epitope. Taken together, these results indicate that xenoepitope substitution is a novel method for immune refocusing against decoy epitopes of RNA viruses such as FMDV as part of the rational design of next-generation vaccines.
PU.1 determines the self-renewal capacity of erythroid progenitor cells (2004)

PU.1 is a hematopoietic-specific transcriptional activator that is absolutely required for the differentiation of B lymphocytes and myeloid-lineage cells. Although PU.1 is also expressed by early erythroid progenitor cells, its role in erythropoiesis, if any, is unknown. To investigate the relevance of PU.1 in erythropoiesis, we produced a line of PU.1-deficient mice carrying a green fluorescent protein reporter at this locus. We report here that PU.1 is tightly regulated during differentiation-it is expressed at low levels in erythroid progenitor cells and down-regulated upon terminal differentiation. Strikingly, PU.1-deficient fetal erythroid progenitors lose their self-renewal capacity and undergo proliferation arrest, premature differentiation, and apoptosis. In adult mice lacking one PU.1 allele, similar defects are detected following stress-induced erythropoiesis. These studies identify PU.1 as a novel and critical regulator of erythropoiesis and highlight the versatility of this transcription factor in promoting or preventing differentiation depending on the hematopoietic lineage.
Uplift Study of the Jameson Land Basin, East Greenland (1992)

Geologi
Discrete NURBS-Surface Approximation using an Evolutionary Strategy (2000)

This article presents a study about the application of Computational Intelligence (CI) methods to the problem of optimal discrete surface approximation. The class of CI methods comprises subsymbolic algorithms like neural networks, fuzzy logic systems and evolutionary algorithms. Non-Uniform Rational B-Splines (NURBS) are exible parametric functions which are commonly used in modern CAD/CAM systems. Here, a special CI method - the evolution strategy (ES) - will be used to approximate NURBS-surfaces to discrete 3D-point sets. The evolution strategy is a numeric optimization method that deals well with multi-modal optimization problems in real value vector spaces. The article focuses on the convergence behavior of ES regarding different parameterizations. The dependencies of the spline surface approximation algorithm on different surface structures are analyzed. The results are discussed from a mathematical and a practical point of view.
<i>In-vivo</i>real-time tracking of surgical instruments in endoscopic video (2011)

Tracking instruments during surgery is becoming a useful acquisition tool for different applications. This article presents a tracking system to detect and track instruments in endoscopic video using biocompatible colour markers. The system tracks single or multiple instruments in the video. The originality of this method is that it combines continuously adaptive shift algorithm with Kalman-filter for real-time tracking of single and multiple surgical instruments during surgery. Preliminary results show that the proposed method has a real-time performance. Moreover it is robust to partial occlusion and smoke. The system shows high sensitivity and specificity results for blue, green and yellow colours. The achieved sensitivity and specificity results are sufficient to apply the system for real-time registration of surgical workflow in-vivo during surgery.
Nonmuscle Myosin Heavy Chain IIB Mediates Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Entry (2014)

Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) was reported to utilize nonmuscle myosin heavy chain IIA (NMHC-IIA) as an entry coreceptor associating with gB. Vertebrates have three genetically distinct isoforms of NMHC-II. In these isoforms, NMHC-IIB is of special interest since it highly expresses in neuronal tissue, one of the most important cellular targets of HSV-1 in vivo. In this study, we demonstrated that the ability to mediate HSV-1 entry appeared to be conserved in NMHC-II isoforms. These results may provide an insight into the mechanism by which HSV-1 infects a wide variety of cell types in vivo.
Evolution of Satellite Communication Antennas on Mobile Ground Terminals (2015)

Getting connected whenever and wherever you travel is not kind of luxury any more. Satellite communication researchers are making it a reality to bring you data, video, and voice services when you are away from home, out of office, or on a long journey. Satellite communication antenna mounted on mobile ground terminals is an essential prerequisite of successful connectivity. In this paper, we review the evolution of this kind of antenna in its historical context and outline the major research achievements on ground mobile terminals. Many striking demonstrations and prototypes are revisited to understand the emerging technologies and assess their potential towards practical implementations. The future trends and challenges are also discussed.
High Quality 150 mm 4H SiC Wafers for Power Device Production (2015)

The commercial availability of high quality 150 mm 4H SiC wafers has aided in the growth of SiC power device fabrication. The progress of 150 mm 4H SiC wafer development at Dow Corning is reviewed. Defect densities compare well to those typical for 100 mm wafers, with even lower threading screw dislocation densities observed in 150 mm wafers. Resistivity data shows a comparable range from 0.012 – 0.025 ohm.cm, and excellent shape control is highlighted for wafer thicknesses of 350 μm and 500 μm.
Pre-Vocational Evaluation: Validation of Test Battery for Selection and Placement of Physically Handicapped (1979)

(1979). Pre-Vocational Evaluation: Validation of Test Battery for Selection and Placement of Physically Handicapped. World Federation of Occupational Therapists Bulletin: Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 5-8.
Targeted Ablation of the Murine α-Tropomyosin Gene (1997)

We created a mouse that lacks a functional alpha-tropomyosin gene using gene targeting in embryonic stem cells and blastocyst-mediated transgenesis. Homozygous alpha-tropomyosin "knockout" mice die between embryonic day 9.5 and 13.5 and lack alpha-tropomyosin mRNA. Heterozygous alpha-tropomyosin knockout mice have approximately 50% as much cardiac alpha-tropomyosin mRNA as wild-type littermates but similar alpha-tropomyosin protein levels. Cardiac gross morphology, histology, and function (assessed by working heart preparations) of heterozygous alpha-tropomyosin knockout and wild-type mice were indistinguishable. Mechanical performance of skinned papillary muscle strips derived from mutant and wild-type hearts also revealed no differences. We conclude that haploinsufficiency of the alpha-tropomyosin gene produces little or no change in cardiac function or structure, whereas total alpha-tropomyosin deficiency is incompatible with life. These findings imply that in heterozygotes there is a regulatory mechanism that maintains the level of myofibrillar tropomyosin despite the reduction in alpha-tropomyosin mRNA.
Mycolic Acid Structure Determines the Fluidity of the Mycobacterial Cell Wall (1996)

The low permeability of the mycobacterial cell wall is thought to contribute to the well known resistance of mycobacteria to antibiotics and chemotherapeutic agents. We have used differential scanning calorimetry to demonstrate that the high temperature phase transition observed in purified cell walls, usually in the 60-70 degrees C range, suggestive of a lipid environment of extremely low fluidity, can also be observed in whole organisms and in cell walls from which much of the free lipids was removed by extraction with Triton X-114. A survey of seven mycobacterial species demonstrated that this high temperature transition was a general property of these organisms. Cell walls isolated from two Corynebacterium species, which contain much shorter corynemycolic acids, displayed a much lower temperature transition, suggesting that the transition temperature was directly correlated to the length of mycolic acid. Methyl esters of mycolic acids were found to have a phase transition temperature that was linearly related to the amount of trans-mycolate. Both Mycobacterium avium and M. smegmatis responded to increasing growth temperature by increasing the proportion of trans-mycolate and displaying a correspondingly higher melting temperature. Whole cells of M. smegmatis grown at higher temperature allowed a less rapid influx of two lipophilic agents, norfloxacin and chenodeoxycholate. These results provide strong evidence that the nature of mycolic acid plays a crucial role in determining the fluidity and permeability of mycobacterial cell wall.
Implementing High [> 2048] Split Ratios in any PON (2011)

Optical and electronic techniques eliminate the 10·log(N) upstream optical penalty inherent in 1×N optical splitters. With appropriate physical-layer hardware, any standards-based PON supports N > 2048. A 1×2048 10G-PON illustrates physical limits and scalability.
<title>Directional Coupling Measurements And Calculations In Ti:LiNbO<formula><inf><roman>3</roman></inf></formula> Channel Waveguides</title> (1983)

Measurements are described at 0.83 µm and 1.3 µm to investigate the directional coupling between two identical, single mode, Ti :diffused channel waveguides for the ordinary (TE) and extraordinary (TM) polarizations in Z-cut, X-propagating LiNb03. The coupling parameters for each polarization are a function of the waveguide fabrication parameters and hence of the waveguide mode dispersion. Also the coupling characteristics for the TE and TM modes vary somewhat differently with changes in mode dispersion. Hence, for different waveguide fabrication conditions, the TE and TM mode coupling coefficients may be equal at one coupler gap or may be unequal for all gaps or, most significantly, may be equal for all gaps. Experimentally determined coupling variables are compared with theoretical ones, calculated using channel mode dispersion parameters and diffusion parameters determined from mode measurements on planar waveguides. Experimental/theoretical agreement is generally good and the calculations correctly predict the effect on the coupling characteristics of changes in waveguide fabrication parameters.
<scp>TLR</scp>3 engagement induces <scp>IRF</scp>‐3‐dependent apoptosis in androgen‐sensitive prostate cancer cells and inhibits tumour growth <i>in vivo</i> (2014)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are a family of highly conserved transmembrane proteins expressed in epithelial and immune cells that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns. Besides their role in immune response against infections, numerous studies have shown an important role of different TLRs in cancer, indicating these receptors as potential targets for cancer therapy. We previously demonstrated that the activation of TLR3 by the synthetic double-stranded RNA analogue poly I:C induces apoptosis of androgen-sensitive prostate cancer (PCa) LNCaP cells and, much less efficiently, of the more aggressive PC3 cell line. Therefore, in this study we selected LNCaP cells to investigate the mechanism of TLR3-mediated apoptosis and the in vivo efficacy of poly I:C-based therapy. We show that interferon regulatory factor-3 (IRF-3) signalling plays an essential role in TLR3-mediated apoptosis in LNCaP cells through the activation of the intrinsic and extrinsic apoptotic pathways. Interestingly, hardly any apoptosis was induced by poly I:C in normal prostate epithelial cells RWPE-1. We also demonstrate for the first time the direct anticancer effect of poly I:C as a single therapeutic agent in a well-established human androgen-sensitive PCa xenograft model, by showing that tumour growth is highly impaired in poly I:C-treated immunodeficient mice. Immunohistochemical analysis of PCa xenografts highlights the antitumour role of poly I:C in vivo both on cancer cells and, indirectly, on endothelial cells. Notably, we show the presence of TLR3 and IRF-3 in both human normal and PCa clinical samples, potentially envisaging poly I:C-based therapy for PCa.
Asymmetric Synthesis of Optically Active Poly(silyl ether)s Having Reactive Si−H Groups by Stereoselective Cross-Dehydrocoupling Polymerization of Bis(silane)s with Diols (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTAsymmetric Synthesis of Optically Active Poly(silyl ether)s Having Reactive Si−H Groups by Stereoselective Cross-Dehydrocoupling Polymerization of Bis(silane)s with DiolsYuning Li, Makoto Seino, and Yusuke KawakamiView Author Information Graduate School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (JAIST), Asahidai 1-1, Tatsunokuchi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2000, 33, 15, 5311–5314Publication Date (Web):July 6, 2000Publication History Received22 December 1999Revised30 May 2000Published online6 July 2000Published inissue 1 July 2000https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma992143fhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma992143frapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views991Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Catalysts,Diols,Polymerization,Polymers,Silicon Get e-Alerts
A membrane-based, high-efficiency, microfluidic debubbler (2011)

In many lab-on-chip applications, it is necessary to remove bubbles from the flow stream. Existing bubble removal strategies have various drawbacks such as low degassing efficiency, long degassing time, large dead volumes, sensitivity to surfactants, and the need for an external vacuum or pressure source. We report on a novel, simple, robust, passive, nozzle-type, membrane-based debubbler that can be readily incorporated into microfluidic devices for rapid degassing. The debubbler is particularly suitable to operate with microfluidic systems made with plastic. The debubbler consists of a hydrophobic, porous membrane that resembles a normally closed valve, which is forced open by the working fluid's pressure. To illustrate the operation of the debubbler, we describe its use in the context of a chip containing a bead array for immunoassays. Our debubbler was able to completely filter gas bubbles out of a segmented flow at rates up to 60 µl s(-1) mm(-2) of membrane area.
Plasmid-Encoded Proinsulin Preserves C-Peptide While Specifically Reducing Proinsulin-Specific CD8 <sup>+</sup> T Cells in Type 1 Diabetes (2013)

In type 1 diabetes (T1D), there is an intense inflammatory response that destroys the β cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans, the site where insulin is produced and released. A therapy for T1D that targets the specific autoimmune response in this disease while leaving the remainder of the immune system intact, has long been sought. Proinsulin is a major target of the adaptive immune response in T1D. We hypothesized that an engineered DNA plasmid encoding proinsulin (BHT-3021) would preserve β cell function in T1D patients through reduction of insulin-specific CD8⁺ T cells. We studied 80 subjects over 18 years of age who were diagnosed with T1D within the past 5 years. Subjects were randomized 2:1 to receive intramuscular injections of BHT-3021 or BHT-placebo, weekly for 12 weeks, and then monitored for safety and immune responses in a blinded fashion. Four dose levels of BHT-3021 were evaluated: 0.3, 1.0, 3.0, and 6.0 mg. C-peptide was used both as an exploratory efficacy measure and as a safety measure. Islet-specific CD8⁺ T cell frequencies were assessed with multimers of monomeric human leukocyte antigen class I molecules loaded with peptides from pancreatic and unrelated antigens. No serious adverse events related to BHT-3021 were observed. C-peptide levels improved relative to placebo at all doses, at 1 mg at the 15-week time point (+19.5% BHT-3021 versus -8.8% BHT-placebo, P < 0.026). Proinsulin-reactive CD8⁺ T cells, but not T cells against unrelated islet or foreign molecules, declined in the BHT-3021 arm (P < 0.006). No significant changes were noted in interferon-γ, interleukin-4 (IL-4), or IL-10 production in CD4 T cells. Thus, we demonstrate that a plasmid encoding proinsulin reduces the frequency of CD8⁺ T cells reactive to proinsulin while preserving C-peptide over the course of dosing.
Infectious disease complications of combat-related injuries (2008)

: This article reviews the lessons learned from combat-related wound infections throughout history and in the current conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan. Many of the management strategies used to prevent infections of combat-related injuries are applicable to the management of civilian trauma, whether associated with small arms fire or related to natural disasters such as earthquakes or tornadoes.
A three-dimensional geophysical model of the crust in the Barents Sea region: model construction and basement characterization (2007)

BARENTS50, a new 3-D geophysical model of the crust in the Barents Sea Region has been developed by the University of Oslo, NORSAR and the U.S. Geological Survey. The target region comprises northern Norway and Finland, parts of the Kola Peninsula and the East European lowlands. Novaya Zemlya, the Kara Sea and Franz-Josef Land terminate the region to the east, while the Norwegian-Greenland Sea marks the western boundary. In total, 680 1-D seismic velocity profiles were compiled, mostly by sampling 2-D seismic velocity transects, from seismic refraction profiles. Seismic reflection data in the western Barents Sea were further used for density modelling and subsequent density-to-velocity conversion. Velocities from these profiles were binned into two sedimentary and three crystalline crustal layers. The first step of the compilation comprised the layer-wise interpolation of the velocities and thicknesses. Within the different geological provinces of the study region, linear relationships between the thickness of the sedimentary rocks and the thickness of the remaining crystalline crust are observed. We therefore, used the separately compiled (area-wide) sediment thickness data to adjust the total crystalline crustal thickness according to the total sedimentary thickness where no constraints from 1-D velocity profiles existed. The BARENTS50 model is based on an equidistant hexagonal grid with a node spacing of 50 km. The P-wave velocity model was used for gravity modelling to obtain 3-D density structure. A better fit to the observed gravity was achieved using a grid search algorithm which focussed on the density contrast of the sediment-basement interface. An improvement compared to older geophysical models is the high resolution of 50 km. Velocity transects through the 3-D model illustrate geological features of the European Arctic. The possible petrology of the crystalline basement in western and eastern Barents Sea is discussed on the basis of the observed seismic velocity structure. The BARENTS50 model is available at http://www.norsar.no/seismology/barents3d/.