gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterizing Asphalt Pavements for Performance (2000)

Having fast computers with lots of memory makes it possible to make performance predictions using mechanics, which simply could not have been done even as recently as 3 or 4 years ago. This trend can be expected to continue. Pavement materials, whether asphalt concrete, base course, or subgrade, can now be characterized in realistic ways that were simply unavailable to pavement engineers. The dependence of these materials on stress state, moisture, temperature, strain rate, and damage is what has made their characterization difficult, if not impossible. This complexity has posed an almost insuperable problem for computational mechanics and for the linkage of these properties to construction specifications on the one hand and performance of in-service pavements on the other. Although these tasks will never be simple, the tools to work on them are becoming more adequate. Some examples are given of how one can proceed to simplicity through complexity in several areas that are important to pavement performance. In every case, one must be able to measure a property of the material that can be used as input to a computer program, principally a finite element program, that allows material properties to change from point to point. Several examples are given in the categories of material properties, material behavior, materials testing in the laboratory, nondestructive testing in the field, and performance prediction models. Laboratory testing, materials characterization and properties, nondestructive testing of pavements in service, construction specifications, pavement variability and reliability, field data collection, performance prediction modeling, and prediction of pavement response and distress with modern computer methods—taken individually, these subjects look complex. Combined with the glue of mechanics, they are simplicity itself. And they confirm Alfred North Whitehead’s principle, “The only simplicity that can be trusted is that which lies beyond complexity.”
A gradient estimate for solutions to parabolic equations with discontinuous coefficients (2011)

Li-Vogelius and Li-Nirenberg gave a gradient estimate for solutions of strongly elliptic equations and systems of divergence forms with piecewise smooth coefficients, respectively. The discontinuities of the coefficients are assumed to be given by manifolds of codimension 1, which we called them emph{manifolds of discontinuities}. Their gradient estimate is independent of the distances between manifolds of discontinuities. In this paper, we gave a parabolic version of their results. That is, we gave a gradient estimate for parabolic equations of divergence forms with piecewise smooth coefficients. The coefficients are assumed to be independent of time and their discontinuities are likewise the previous elliptic equations. As an application of this estimate, we also gave a pointwise gradient estimate for the fundamental solution of a parabolic operator with piecewise smooth coefficients. Both gradient estimates are independent of the distances between manifolds of discontinuities.
Relationship of the quality and quantity of circulating anti-BSA antibodies to the severity of glomerulonephritis in rats with chronic serum sickness. (1987)

Chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis, induced in hyperimmunized rats by daily intravenous administration of bovine serum albumin, occurs in three stages, mild, moderate and severe, with abrupt onsets and distinctive features of kidney pathophysiology and immunopathology. We have studied the relationship between circulating anti-BSA antibodies and the severity of glomerulonephritis at each stage. The total amount of antibodies declined gradually during the course of disease, to low concentrations in the most severe stage of kidney inflammation. High levels of immune complexes were present in the circulation while precipitating antibodies were maintained, and rats remained in the mill stage of disease, exhibiting no abnormalities of kidney function and only mesangial immunopathology. The start of the moderate stage of chronic serum sickness, identified by proteinuria and the accumulation of immune deposits along the glomerular basement membrane, was associated with the disappearance of precipitating antibodies from circulation. With the onset of the severe stage of disease, marked by depressed glomerular filtration and sodium excretion, circulating antibodies of high affinity were no longer detected and circulating immune complex levels were only marginally elevated above normal. The experiments reported here demonstrate that, in chronic serum sickness glomerulonephritis of rats, transitions from one stage of kidney disease to another can be inferred from changes in the population of circulating antibodies. Kidney histopathology, therefore, can be predicted reliably from serological data alone.
Optical Phase Domain Reflectometer (2007)

A new type of reflectometer has been described which provides excellent discrimination of reflections and does so with a minimal amount of low-cost, small hardware. The computations required can easily be handled by a 16-bit microcontroller working in the background while the hardware acquires additional signals.
Curvature‐Domain Shape Processing (2008)

Abstract We propose a framework for 3D geometry processing that provides direct access to surface curvature to facilitate advanced shape editing, filtering, and synthesis algorithms. The central idea is to map a given surface to the curvature domain by evaluating its principle curvatures, apply filtering and editing operations to the curvature distribution, and reconstruct the resulting surface using an optimization approach. Our system allows the user to prescribe arbitrary principle curvature values anywhere on the surface. The optimization solves a nonlinear least‐squares problem to find the surface that best matches the desired target curvatures while preserving important properties of the original shape. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this processing metaphor with several applications, including anisotropic smoothing, feature enhancement, and multi‐scale curvature editing.
An Optimal Route & Vehicle Assignment Fleet Management System with Real-Time Monitoring (2006)

This paper presents a GIS based fleet management system with optimal vehicle assignment. The system is designed on top of a mesh based communication infrastructure for the mobile nodes to communicate. Communication network comprises of multiple networks i.e. VHF gateways, GSM and GPRS network to ensure reliability. The mesh based communication approach enables easy deployment of the system in real world. OLSR routing protocol is used for establishing an ad hoc network for peer-to-peer communication which is best suited for the applications where the number of hosts is too large for normal network infrastructure to handle, like in transportation industry. The paper involves research in the fields of mobile communication and tracking in collaboration with state of the art technologies like GPS and GIS.GPS and GIS technologies are used for fleet tracking, monitoring and display of vehicle on the map.
New Approach to Recycle Glass Cullet in Asphalt Shingles to Alleviate Thermal Loads and Reduce Heat Island Effects (2014)

As an approach to mitigate the harmful effects of urban heat islands (UHI), the use of glass cullet in the production of asphalt roof shingles has the potential to be employed as a cool roof strategy. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the use of recycled glass cullet increases the solar reflectance index (SRI) without affecting the performance of asphalt roof shingles. In order to evaluate the feasibility of using recycled glass cullet in this new application, the engineering properties of glass cullet were measured and compared to conventional aggregates used in the production of asphalt roof shingles. Laboratory shingle specimens were then prepared in order to measure solar reflectance properties and strength characteristics of conventional and recycled glass roof shingles. Results show that while the use of recycled glass cullet as a replacement to standard ceramic coated black roofing granules on the top surface of asphalt shingles increased the SRI, the addition of white pigment powder (anatase ultrafine titanium dioxide [TiO2] particles passing mesh #320) to the surface granules greatly improves the reflectance properties of the roof to a level that meets the cool roof threshold.
Effect of multislice interference on image contrast in T2- and T1-weighted MR images. (1988)

Multislice imaging markedly degrades the contrast of T2-weighted MR images as the separation between slices is reduced. Image contrast was measured clinically at 1.5 T and experimentally at 0.15 T as a function of interslice gap width and shown to be in agreement with calculations based on known relaxation times and excitation profiles. Thus, the cause of T2 contrast degradation in multislice sequences is demonstrated. Contrast in T1-weighted sequences is shown to be minimally affected or even slightly enhanced. Selective excitation pulses with better spatial definition will diminish these contrast changes. Since perfect slice profiles can never be achieved, the clinical implications of these findings are discussed for MR imaging. The choice of slice gaps is an important operator-selected parameter in reducing contrast degradation in T2-weighted sequences.
Double-cavity electrooptic Fabry-Perot tunable filter (1982)

The experimental development of an infrared multiple-cavity electrooptically tuned Fabry-Perot filter using LiNbO(3) is described. This filter, designed for operation in the 3-5-microm spectral band, was demonstrated by angle scanning using a He-Ne laser at 3.39 microm. The multiple-cavity configuration increased the free-spectral range of the 2-A bandwidth filter from 67 to 670 A as observed in the increased angular spacing of transmission peaks. Because of the large halfwave voltage of LiNbO(3) at these wavelengths, tuning was restricted to approximately 15% of the free-spectral range.
Optical Maser Action in C, N, O, S, and Br on Dissociation of Diatomic and Polyatomic Molecules (1964)

This paper reports cw optical-maser action in carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and bromine. The maser action is obtained on dissociation of various diatomic and polyatomic gases. The transitions reported here cover a wavelength range from 8400 to 15 000 \AA{}. The optical-maser action on the carbon lines is obtained on dissociation of CO or C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ in a discharge containing CO or C${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$ with either helium or neon. Maser oscillation in nitrogen was obtained from a discharge containing NO or ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$O with helium or neon. In both the cases above, i.e., in the cases of carbon and nitrogen, the discharges also exhibited maser action on an atomic oxygen line. A discharge containing S${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$ or S${\mathrm{F}}_{6}$ with helium produced maser action in sulfur. And bromine +argon discharge yielded maser oscillation at four separate wavelengths spaced very closely around 8446 \AA{}, which were resolved with a 1-m Jarrell-Ash spectrometer. These four wavelengths in the ${\mathrm{Br}}_{2}$+Ar maser may be of special interest in microwave beat experiments because the separations between them are 3.92, 13.90, 3.78, and 21.60 kMc/sec, respectively. A detailed description of possible dissociation and excitation mechanisms which lead to the above masers is given.
An improved edge detection algorithm based on fuzzy theory (2015)

There exists serious distortion in Pal-King edge detection algorithms. In order to solve the problem, an improved method based on fuzzy theory and the maximum between cluster variance is presented by studying Pal.King algorithm synthetically. Firstly, the histogram of an image is calculated and researched. If there is one peak in the image histogram, the Pal-King operator can be used to process the image directly. Otherwise, the fuzzy threshold is set to enhance the image. Secondly, the image is filtered by the Gaussian filter. Then the non-maximum suppression method is applied to locate the edge and process the gradient magnitude. Thirdly, a two-threshold method is used to detect and connect the image edge. At last, a series of experiments have been done to compare this new algorithm with Sobel operators, Pal-King operators and Canny operators. It is shown from the experimental results that the method proposed in this paper is efficient.
From Laboratory to Clinic: A Large Scale Study of Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions in Ears with Normal Hearing and Ears with Hearing Loss (1997)

Within the limits related to the effects of primary frequency and audiometric criterion, it appears that DPOAE measurements can be used to accurately identify auditory status. An approach is described, using the present data set, that allows one to assign to any measured DPOAE value (DPOAE amplitudes, DPOAE/noise) the probability that the response is coming either from the distribution of normal or impaired responses. In addition, DPOAE/noise systematically decreases as hearing loss increases over the range of hearing losses from 0 to about 40 to 60 dB HL (depending on frequency), thus potentially enabling one to differentiate hearing losses over this range. For hearing losses greater than 50 to 60 dB HL, ears do not produce measurable DPOAEs and thus, no predictive relationship exists.
<b>Isotope Effects on Acidity of Deuterated Formic, Acetic, Pivalic, and Benzoic Acids</b> (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsotope Effects on Acidity of Deuterated Formic, Acetic, Pivalic, and Benzoic AcidsA. Streitwieser and H. S. KleinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1963, 85, 18, 2759–2763Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00901a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00901a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Solid cancers after antiplatelet therapy: Confirmations, controversies, and challenges (2015)

The role of anticoagulants and antiplatelet agents in tumour growth and prognosis is not new, and currently under intense investigation. Some randomised data strongly suggest that this association exists, but it is complex, and not necessarily pointed at the same direction. The potential mechanisms responsible for such harmful association include a direct hazard of novel antithrombotics on cancer, indirect promotion of tumour growth, easier metastatic dissemination due to instability of platelet-tumour cell aggregates, or/and inability to keep cancer cells locally in situ are considered. The latest randomised evidence ultimately rejected the drug-specific cancer risks, clearly indicating the class-effect. In lay terms "cancers follow bleeding", which seems to be true for antithrombotic agents in general. Significant excess of solid cancers which was similar after prasugrel in TRITON, and with vorapaxar in TRACER trials was confirmed by the FDA reviews. Later, extra cancer deaths reported following clopidogrel and prasugrel in DAPT, and after ticagrelor in PEGASUS are also of concern. However, there are remaining controversies with regard to published cancer risks after ticagrelor (PLATO), or another vorapaxar trial (TRA2P), while full disclosure of separate clopidogrel and prasugrel cancer data in DAPT is still lacking. In short, if we apply moderate antiplatelet strategies for over two years, or aggressive regimens including triple therapy for much less than one year, the solid cancer risks emerge. Currently, more delicate platelet inhibition, and shorter exposure to dual oral antiplatelet agents should prevail.
Weights (1992)

Algebras of shapes, U ij can be augmented with labels and weights to form new algebras, V ij and V ij , in which computations are defined by shape grammars.
Investigations with Regard to the Pathogenesis of So-called Fat Embolism (1956)

King Gustaf V Research Institute (Head: N. Scartz, M.D., Professor of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Medical School), the Department of Surgery, Karolinska Sjukhuset, Stockholm (Head: J. Hellström, M.D., Professor of Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Medical School) and Department of Medicine II, Sahlgrenska Sjukhuset, Gothenburg, (Head: E. Wassén, M.D., Professor of Medicine, University of Gothenburg), Sweden
Monolithic MEMS T-type Switch for Redundancy Switch Matrix Applications (2008)

This paper presents a novel approach to monolithically implementing RF MEMS T-type switches for redundancy switch matrix applications. The T-type switch performs three operational states: two turning states and one crossover state. A six-mask fabrication process is adapted to fabricate the proposed design. Novel RF circuits were used to implement the entire system, including series contact cantilever beams, RF crossover, 90 degree turns and four-port cross junctions. The measured results for the entire T-type switch demonstrate an insertion loss of 1.5 dB, a return loss of better than -20 dB and an isolation higher than 28 dB for all states for frequencies up to 30 GHz. To our knowledge, this is the first time an RF MEMS T-type switch has ever been reported.
Phase 1/2a Trial of Plasmodium vivax Malaria Vaccine Candidate VMP001/AS01B in Malaria-Naive Adults: Safety, Immunogenicity, and Efficacy (2016)

This trial was the first to assess the efficacy of a P. vivax CSP vaccine candidate by CHMI. The association of type 1 repeat-specific antibody responses with delay in the prepatency period suggests that augmenting the immune responses to this domain may improve strain-specific vaccine efficacy. The availability of a P. vivax CHMI model will accelerate the process of P. vivax vaccine development, allowing better selection of candidate vaccines for advancement to field trials.
Reconstruction of Articular Cartilage Defects with Free Periosteal Grafts:<i>An Experimental Study</i> (1982)

The chondrogenic potential of free autogenous periosteal grafts was studied histologically in 6-month-old rabbits. The grafts were taken from the tibia and transplanted to 7 x 14 mm large artificial defects of the femoral articular cartilage. The results revealed that the defects were repaired and filled after 4 weeks with a hyaline-like cartilage which was histologically similar to the cartilage adjacent to the transplant. The tissue maintained this morphology after 1 year of observation. In control animals where no periosteum was transplanted to the defect, no real cartilage was found. The tissue which partially filled the defect was a variable mixture of fibrous tissue and fibrocartilage.
Online machine learning for networked data (2016)

Networked data are ubiquitous in this era of the social, economical and technological revolution resting on the backbone of the internet. With the spread of mobile phones, sensors, embedded devices and industrial robots, the ability to collect and generate interdependent data is on an all time high. This enormity of data is supplemented with social networks like Facebook, Tumblr, LinkedIn, Twitter and many others, that connect people around the globe as a network, allowing them to share the data they collect, generate or distribute, in real-time. Further, with the 'Internet of things', appliances, vehicles and wearable technological devices can communicate with each other. The resulting trend is better and bigger ways of "collecting, creating, managing and storing of data" also known as Big Data (White House, 2014). Most often, such big data capture a rich structure of inter-relationships, resulting in either an extrinsic graphical pattern as in social and sensor networks or dependencies that can be modelled as a graph, like neighbouring pixels sharing similar intensities, in real-time 3D scene capture images from the autonomous vehicle cameras. More often, the nature of such data is such that it is streamed in real-time from multiple sources as in the case of the network of sensors. The data has a sequential nature as seen in product recommendation based on the user clickthrough rate. The data is dynamic as in the case of evolving blog communities or shifting in pattern as often seen in the example of trending tweets. In reality, even with the abundance of data, only a small percentage of it has available labelled information or annotation that can be used to model and categorize the vast quantities of unlabelled data. Naturally, the questions that arise are: how to program computers to automatically learn the underlying model and predict on the fly from streaming data? How does the computer algorithm capture the sequential nature of events? Further, more complex questions are can the algorithms guarantee that they will be efficient regardless of any sequence of data they see, in any order? Are these methods adaptive enough to predict based on dynamic real-time changes or how can the algorithms learn the unknown labels from the few available labels for very large and sparse networked data?
Generalized Design of Multi-User MIMO Precoding Matrices (2008)

In this paper we introduce a novel linear precoding technique. The approach used for the design of the precoding matrix is general and the resulting algorithm can address several optimization criteria with an arbitrary number of antennas at the user terminals. We have achieved this by designing the precoding matrices in two steps. In the first step we minimize the overlap of the row spaces spanned by the effective channel matrices of different users using a new cost function. In the next step, we optimize the system performance with respect to specific optimization criteria assuming a set of parallel single- user MIMO channels. By combining the closed form solution with Tomlinson-Harashima precoding we reach the maximum sum-rate capacity when the total number of antennas at the user terminals is less or equal to the number of antennas at the base station. By iterating the closed form solution with appropriate power loading we are able to extract the full diversity in the system and reach the maximum sum-rate capacity in case of high multi-user interference. Joint processing over a group of multi-user MIMO channels in different frequency and time slots yields maximum diversity regardless of the level of multi-user interference.
Cyclodextrin-Initiated Polymerization of Cyclic Esters in Bulk: Formation of Polyester-Tethered Cyclodextrins (2004)

Cyclodextrins were found to initiate ring-opening polymerization of some cyclic esters selectively to give a polyester with a CD at the chain end.