gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lesions in Teichoic Acid Biosynthesis in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Lead to a Lethal Gain of Function in the Otherwise Dispensable Pathway (2006)

An extensive study of teichoic acid biosynthesis in the model organism Bacillus subtilis has established teichoic acid polymers as essential components of the gram-positive cell wall. However, similar studies pertaining to therapeutically relevant organisms, such as Staphylococcus aureus, are scarce. In this study we have carried out a meticulous examination of the dispensability of teichoic acid biosynthetic enzymes in S. aureus. By use of an allelic replacement methodology, we examined all facets of teichoic acid assembly, including intracellular polymer production and export. Using this approach we confirmed that the first-acting enzyme (TarO) was dispensable for growth, in contrast to dispensability studies in B. subtilis. Upon further characterization, we demonstrated that later-acting gene products (TarB, TarD, TarF, TarIJ, and TarH) responsible for polymer formation and export were essential for viability. We resolved this paradox by demonstrating that all of the apparently indispensable genes became dispensable in a tarO null genetic background. This work suggests a lethal gain-of-function mechanism where lesions beyond the initial step in wall teichoic acid biosynthesis render S. aureus nonviable. This discovery poses questions regarding the conventional understanding of essential gene sets, garnered through single-gene knockout experiments in bacteria and higher organisms, and points to a novel drug development strategy targeting late steps in teichoic acid synthesis for the infectious pathogen S. aureus.
Cartographic projection procedures for the UNIX environment; a user's manual (1990)

2 2 Basic Usage 2 2.1 Inputing Data 3 2.2 Form of Input Data 3 3 Data Output 5 3.1 Output of error data 6 3.2 Binary Input-Output 7 3.3 Cartesian Scaling 7 4 Cartographic Parameters 7 4.1 Selection of Projection 8 4.2 Specifying the Earth's Figure 9 4.3 Common Parameters 10 Projection descriptions 10 Cylindrical Projections 11 Pseudocylindrical Projections 21 Conic Projections 33 Azimuthal Projections 39 Miscellaneous Projections 49 U.
Enhancing Activity of Suzuki Reactions in Water by Using Guanidinium Ionic Liquid Stabilized Palladium Micelle Catalyst (2011)

A facile surfactant-based hexaalkylguanidinium ionic liquid (GIL)-mediated Suzuki coupling procedure has been developed using ligand-free Pd catalysts. The procedure involving the use of nanometric palladium micelles, is operationally simple and remarkably efficient for the coupling of aryl bromides or aryl chlorides with boronic acids in water. Furthermore, the GIL/H2O catalytic system was more stable than the tetrabutylammonium bromide/H2O catalytic system under basic conditions, enabling the recycling of the nano-Pd micelle catalysts.
X-Ray Diffraction Measurement of the Effect of Layer Thickness on the Ferroelectric Transition in Epitaxial<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>KTaO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mi>/</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>KNbO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Multilayers (1998)

${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}/{\mathrm{KNbO}}_{3}$ strained-layer superlattices of variable periodicity were grown by pulsed laser deposition on ${\mathrm{KTaO}}_{3}$ substrates. The ${\mathrm{KNbO}}_{3}$ layers were found to be strained in plane to match the substrate lattice parameter. Therefore, the applied strain is independent of the layer thickness. High-temperature x-ray diffraction was used to measure the ferroelectric-paraelectric phase transition temperature ${T}_{c}$. For superlattice periodicity $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\ensuremath{\le}5.1\mathrm{nm}$, ${T}_{c}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}475\mathrm{K}$, independent of $\ensuremath{\Lambda}$. For $\ensuremath{\Lambda}>5.1\mathrm{nm}$, ${T}_{c}$ increases to 825 K at $\ensuremath{\Lambda}\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}=\phantom{\rule{0ex}{0ex}}33.8\mathrm{nm}$.
Volatile constituents of blue‐coloured hybrid tea rose flowers (2013)

ABSTRACT The volatile constituents of ‘Blue Moon’ and ‘Blue Perfume’ rose flowers, which, on an olfactory basis, are classified as a ‘blue type’ were analysed using Aromascope® technology (modified headspace technology) and solvent extraction methods followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis. One hundred and eighty components were identified in the headspace volatile components of ‘Blue Moon’ flower and 188 components were identified in solvent extracts. Among them, geraniol, nerol, citronellol, 1,3‐dimethoxy‐5‐methylbenzene and dihydro‐ β ‐ionol were identified as the main odour components. On the other hand, in ‘Blue Perfume’, 165 components were identified in the headspace volatile components and 150 components were identified in solvent extracts. Among them, geraniol, nerol, citronellol, neral, and geranial were identified as the major odour compounds. From both rose flowers, three components were newly identified: 2‐isopropyl‐4‐methylthiazole, ( Z )‐cyclododec‐9‐enolide (yuzu lactone), and methyl cis ‐( Z )‐jasmonate. 2‐Isopropyl‐4‐methylthiazole and methyl cis ‐( Z )‐jasmonate were identified in both of the headspace components and solvent extracts of the two types of rose flower, and then yuzu lactone was identified only in solvent extracts as the one of the minor components. Several components identified in both flowers have asymmetric carbon atoms in their molecules, leading us to analyse their chirality. For the first time, the enantiomer ratios of linalool, ( E )‐nerolidol, theaspiranes and dihydro‐ β ‐ionol could be assigned by multi‐dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The results were as follows in both rose flowers. The ratio of the ( S )‐enantiomer vs. the ( R )‐enantiomer of linalool was 8:92. Only the ( S )‐enantiomer was detected for ( E )‐nerolidol and dihydro‐ β ‐ionol. The ratios of the (2 R ,5 R )‐enantiomer vs. the (2 S ,5 S )‐enantiomer in theaspirane A and the (2 R ,5 S )‐enantiomer vs. the (2 S ,5 R )‐enantiomer in theaspirane B were about 4:96. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neuromaster: a robot system for neurosurgery (2004)

This work introduces a robot system for minimally invasive frameless stereotactic neurosurgery. The system consists of a robot arm for precise positioning of surgical tools, a vision system for intro-operative registration, and a preoperative planning system. The robot is a custom designed accurate arm with five degree-of-freedom. The vision system uses two cameras to automatically generate the target position of the robot The robot can be controlled autonomously as well as interactively through an intuitive way. Experiments and clinical trials approve the robot system is effective and powerful.
Cooperative Negotiation in Autonomic Systems using Incremental Utility Elicitation (2012)

Decentralized resource allocation is a key problem for large-scale autonomic (or self-managing) computing systems. Motivated by a data center scenario, we explore efficient techniques for resolving resource conflicts via cooperative negotiation. Rather than computing in advance the functional dependence of each element's utility upon the amount of resource it receives, which could be prohibitively expensive, each element's utility is elicited incrementally. Such incremental utility elicitation strategies require the evaluation of only a small set of sampled utility function points, yet they find near-optimal allocations with respect to a minimax regret criterion. We describe preliminary computational experiments that illustrate the benefit of our approach.
Microturbulence, Systematic Motions, and Line Formation in Molecular Clouds (1976)

Microturbulence and systematic motions are viewed as simplifying assumptions made to facilitate treatment of line formation in molecular clouds, and line intensities calculated in the two approximations are compared to estimate how uncertainties about the actual line-broadening mechanism affect the interpretation of molecular emission lines. For lines formed by two-level molecules in an isothermal homogeneous cloud, the alternative assumptions lead to peak and integrated line intensities which agree within the differences (up to a factor of 3) associated with the ignorance of cloud geometry. New multilevel calculations for CO in the same cloud model bear out the generality of this result. It follows that, within the geometrical uncertainties, the Sobolev (1960) approximation may be used confidently in the numerous applications for which this simple cloud model suffices.
Locality optimization in wireless applications (2007)

There is a strong need now for compilers of embedded systems to find effective ways of optimizing series of loop-nests, wherein majority of the memory references occur in the form of multi-dimensional arrays, indexed primarilywith linear functions of iterators and parameterized constants. The reason for this are the new wireless standards, e.g. 802.11n, WiMAX, Bluetooth, HIPERMAN, 3GPP-LTE and WiBro, where the codes are predominantly of the type described above. These standards provide high bitrate and mobility but are also extremely power and performance hungry. For even wider commercial applicability of these standards it is important to optimize their power consumption. We propose a novel solution to multiple loop-nest optimization problem using the concept of constraints. Experiments show that our technique leads to 40.8% reduction in external memory accesses over state-of-the-art.
Polaris Scheduler: Edge Sensitive and SLO Aware Workload Scheduling in Cloud-Edge-IoT Clusters (2021)

Application workload scheduling in hybrid Cloud-Edge-IoT infrastructures has been extensively researched over the last years. The recent trend of containerizing application workloads, both in the cloud and on the edge, has further fueled the need for more advanced scheduling solutions in these hybrid infrastructures. Unfortunately, most of the current approaches are not fully sensitive to the edge properties and also lack adequate support for Service Level Objective (SLO) awareness. Previously, we introduced software defined gateways (SDGs), which enable managing novel edge resources at scale. At the same time Kubernetes was initially released. In spite of not being specifically developed for the edge, Kubernetes implements many of the design principles introduced by our SDGs, making it suitable for building SDG extensions on top of it. In this paper we present Polaris Scheduler - a novel scheduling framework, which enables edge sensitive and SLO aware scheduling in the Cloud-Edge-IoT Continuum. Polaris Scheduler is being developed as a part of Linux Foundation's Centaurus project. We discuss the main research challenges, the approach, and the vision of SLO aware edge sensitive scheduling.
Localization of the main immunogenic region of human muscle acetylcholine receptor to residues 67-76 of the alpha subunit. (1988)

The majority of antibodies to the acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR), both in the human disease myasthenia gravis and in its experimental models, are directed against an extracellular area of the AcChoR alpha subunit called the main immunogenic region (MIR). We have studied the binding of anti-AcChoR monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to 26 synthetic peptides corresponding to the hydrophilic parts of the human AcChoR alpha subunit. The binding sites for eight anti-MIR mAbs and for eight anti-alpha-subunit, non-anti-MIR mAbs were localized. Anti-MIR mAbs bound to one peptide corresponding to residues 63-80 of the human alpha subunit. A second panel of peptides corresponding to the various parts of the alpha-subunit segment 63-80 was synthesized. Anti-MIR antibodies bound to a peptide that contained the alpha-subunit sequence 67-76. Thus, a main constituent loop of the MIR is localized between residues 67 and 76 of the alpha subunit.
A REVIEW OF TWENTY CASES OF OBTURATOR ENTRAPMENT NEUROPATHY AS A CAUSE OF GROIN PAIN 33 (1996)

This paper reviews twenty cases of obturator nerve entrapment which presented to a sports medicine centre over a period of twelve months. All cases presented with groin pain which was exercise-related. The majority of the cases were in male athletes, with one subject being female. The majority of cases presented were Australian Rules footballers, whilst soccer players, competitive runners and track athletes were also represented. The typical pain of obturator nerve entrapment is pain which is felt deep in the groin and centred upon the adductor origin. With exercise, the pain radiates down the inner thigh to the medial knee. Occasionally there is radiation of the pain to the ipsilateral anterior superior iliac spine. The pain is often associated with a sensation of weakness in the affected limb, particularly with kicking or with jumping. Examination findings at rest are often unremarkable, but examination post-exercise reveals weakness of resisted adduction and parasthesia on the distal medial thigh. Radio-isotope scintigraphy shows increased uptake over the ipsilateral pubis, and needle electromyographic studies show slowing of the obturator nerve conduction. The diagnosis can be confirmed with x-ray guided injection of the obturator nerve. Conservative treatment can include deep fascial release massage, pectineus stretches, neuromeningeal stretches and occasionally corticosteroid injection around the obturator nerve. Surgical treatment involves division of the adductor brevis fascia, and decompression of the obturator nerve as it passes through the obturator foramen.
CaMKII in the Cardiovascular System: Sensing Redox States (2011)

The multifunctional Ca(2+)- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is now recognized to play a central role in pathological events in the cardiovascular system. CaMKII has diverse downstream targets that promote vascular disease, heart failure, and arrhythmias, so improved understanding of CaMKII signaling has the potential to lead to new therapies for cardiovascular disease. CaMKII is a multimeric serine-threonine kinase that is initially activated by binding calcified calmodulin (Ca(2+)/CaM). Under conditions of sustained exposure to elevated Ca(2+)/CaM, CaMKII transitions into a Ca(2+)/CaM-autonomous enzyme by two distinct but parallel processes. Autophosphorylation of threonine-287 in the CaMKII regulatory domain "traps" CaMKII into an open configuration even after Ca(2+)/CaM unbinding. More recently, our group identified a pair of methionines (281/282) in the CaMKII regulatory domain that undergo a partially reversible oxidation which, like autophosphorylation, prevents CaMKII from inactivating after Ca(2+)/CaM unbinding. Here we review roles of CaMKII in cardiovascular disease with an eye to understanding how CaMKII may act as a transduction signal to connect pro-oxidant conditions into specific downstream pathological effects that are relevant to rare and common forms of cardiovascular disease.
Motion-compensated CT image reconstruction (2002)

In computerized tomography (CT), standard filtered backprojection tomogram reconstruction from two dimensional projection data acquired in a time sequential manner assumes no relative motion between the gantry and the patient's plane of interest during data acquisition. In a realistic situation, this condition may not he satisfied, resulting in motion artifacts in the reconstructed image. the authors propose to perform image reconstruction from the interpolated projection data corresponding to a single time instant, the mid-scan time. They present simulation results to illustrate the obtained reduction of motion artifacts.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Indoor RF Fingerprinting using leaky feeder cable considering environmental changes (2009)

RF Fingerprinting for indoor localization using wireless local area networks attracted significant attention throughout the last decade. A severe drawback of this approach however is the laborious effort to calibrate the radiomap. Especially in case of environmental changes recalibration becomes necessary. Furthermore, the amount of moving people in a building, such as airports or shopping malls, leads to significant degradation in location accuracy. The main focus of our research project WIPoS (<u>Wi</u>reless <u>In</u>door <u>Po</u>sitioning <u>Sy</u>stem) is to solve this problem by appropriate antenna engineering and optimized methods. This paper shows that the application of leaky feeder cable compared to standard omnidirectional antennas, especially in the presence of obstacles, leads to higher accuracies making recalibration almost unnecessary.
Safety integrity level allocation shared or divergent practices in the railway domain (2016)

In the E.U, safety railway system design and operational terms are governed by directives, regulations, decrees, standards to ensure the safety of the global system. However, based on its own technical and operational concepts, each state member of the E.U. has developed its own safety rules. By the way, this situation results in divergent practices and develops a need to harmonize methods and rail safety targets through the adoption of Technical Specifications for Interoperability (TSI), the definition of Common Safety Targets (CST) and the definition of a Common Safety Method (CSM). Through a risk management process, the residual risk reduction implies to allocate safety targets for each various parts of the railway system with SIL (Safety Integrity Level). After identifying specific uses of SIL, the authors present some consultation results. These results are obtained from discussion with various rail stakeholders (like rail operators, rail manufacturers and notified bodies). The objective is to highlight shared points and divergent point of a SIL allocation and to propose an harmonized SIL allocation methodology in the railway domain. More detailed in [Ouedraogo et al. 2015], a methodology implementation in the form of a practical application guide will help rail stakeholders, involved in the SIL allocation (rail manufacturers, system integrators, etc.), to answer this particular problematic.
Time Domain Reflectometry Calibration for Uniformly and Nonuniformly Wetted Sandy and Clayey Loam Soils (1992)

Abstract Although application of time domain reflectometry (TDR) has been successful in many reported studies, questions still arise with regard to the versatility of the method when used among different‐textured soils and in heterogeneous soil profiles. This study was initiated to obtain calibration curves for soil water content determinations by TDR for two soil types in uniform and layered profiles. Measurements were taken in the laboratory for a Hanford sandy loam (coarse‐loamy, mixed, nonacid thermic Typic Xerorthent) and a Yolo clay loam (finesilty mixed, nonacid thermic Typic Xerorthent) soil, using a two‐rod parallel with pulse transformer and a three‐rod coaxial probe. Different configurations of 5‐cm‐thick wet and dry soil layers were tested to study the influence of variations in soil water content on the signal. The calibration data of the coarse‐textured Hanford soil matched the established calibration curve applied by TDR users. The dielectric constants of the fine‐textured Yolo soil were significantly lower than those of the Hanford at equal water‐content values. The TDR data of both soils were successfully fitted to a four‐component mixing model that includes bound and free water, the solid and gas phases. Results indicated that bound water has a dielectric constant close to that of ice. The presence of a wet layer above dry soil may causes difficulties in signal interpretation.
Molecular Structure and Chirality Detection by Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy (2014)

We describe a three-wave mixing experiment using time-separated microwave pulses to detect the enantiomer-specific emission signal of the chiral molecule using Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectroscopy. A chirped-pulse FTMW spectrometer operating in the 2-8 GHz frequency range is used to determine the heavy-atom substitution structure of solketal (2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl-methanol) through analysis of the singly substituted (13)C and (18)O isotopologue rotational spectra in natural abundance. A second set of microwave horn antennas is added to the instrument design to permit three-wave mixing experiments where an enantiomer-specific phase of the signal is observed. Using samples of R-, S-, and racemic solketal, the properties of the three-wave mixing experiment are presented, including the measurement of the corresponding nutation curves to demonstrate the optimal pulse sequence.
A Similar Pool of Cyclic AMP Phosphodiesterase in Xenopus Oocytes Is Stimulated by Insulin, Insulin-like Growth Factor 1, and [Val12,Thr59]Ha-ras Protein (1989)

Pharmacological analysis of in vivo cAMP phosphodiesterase in Xenopus oocytes using the nonselective enzyme inhibitors 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), theophylline, and papaverine, demonstrated inhibition of insulin- and insulin-like growth factor-1-induced maturation at concentrations that were 17-60-fold lower than those required to inhibit progesterone-induced germinal vesicle breakdown. The abilities of the phosphodiesterase inhibitors to block the maturation response showed the same rank order of potencies for each hormone: papaverine greater than IBMX greater than theophylline. Insulin-induced oocyte maturation that was accelerated by 0.01 microM progesterone was also inhibited by low micromolar concentrations of IBMX, demonstrating that the accelerated time course was due to a synergistic potentiation of insulin action by progesterone. Both insulin-induced maturation and insulin-stimulated phosphodiesterase activity displayed similar sensitivities to inhibition by IBMX, suggesting that hormone-stimulated phosphodiesterase activity is required for the peptide hormone action. Furthermore, microinjection of the transforming ras gene product [Val12,Thr59]Ha induced oocyte maturation and stimulated oocyte phosphodiesterase activity by approximately 50%, and both of these actions were inhibited by IBMX. These results suggest that oocyte maturation induced by insulin, insulin-like growth factor 1, and transforming ras protein involves stimulation of a similar phosphodiesterase.