gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temporal partitioning combined with design space exploration for latency minimization of run-time reconfigured designs (1999)

We present combined temporal partitioning and design space exploration techniques for synthesizing behavioral specifications for run-time reconfigurable processors. Design space exploration involves selecting a design point for each task from a set of design points for that task to achieve latency minimization of partitioned solutions. We present an iterative search procedure that uses a core ILP (integer linear programming) technique, to obtain constraint satisfying solutions. The search procedure explores different regions of the design space while accomplishing combined partitioning and design space exploration. A case study of the DCT (discrete cosine transform) demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.
Phenonium Ions as Discrete Intermediates in Certain Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangements (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPhenonium Ions as Discrete Intermediates in Certain Wagner-Meerwein RearrangementsDonald J. CramCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1964, 86, 18, 3767–3772Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01072a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01072a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views417Altmetric-Citations70LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Citrate Boosts the Performance of Phosphopeptide Analysis by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS (2008)

Incomplete recovery from the LC column is identified as a major cause for poor detection efficiency of phosphopeptides by LC-MS/MS. It is proposed that metal ions adsorbed on the stationary phase interact with the phosphate group of phosphopeptides via an ion-pairing mechanism related to IMAC (IMAC: immobilized metal ion affinity chromatography). This may result in their partial or even complete retention. Addition of phosphate, EDTA or citrate to the phosphopeptide sample was tested to overcome the detrimental phosphopeptide suppression during gradient LC-MS/MS analysis, while the standard solvent composition (water, acetonitrile, formic acid) of the LC system was left unchanged. With the use of UPLC, a citrate additive was found to be highly effective in increasing the phosphopeptide detection sensitivity. Addition of EDTA was found to be comparable with respect to sensitivity enhancement, but led to fast clogging and destruction of the spray needle and analytical columns due to precipitation. In contrast, a citrate additive is compatible with prolonged and stable routine operation. A 50 mM citrate additive was tested successfully for UPLC-MS analysis of a commercial four-component phosphopeptide mixture, a tryptic beta-casein digest, and several digests of the 140 kDa protein SETDB1. In this protein, 27 phosphorylation sites could be identified by UPLC-MS/MS using addition of citrate, including the detection of several phosphopeptides carrying 3-5 pSer/pThr residues, compared to identification of only 10 sites without citrate addition. A 50 mM citrate additive particularly increases the recovery of multiply phosphorylated peptides, thus, extending the scope of phosphopeptide analysis by LC-MS/MS.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Total Synthesis of 5(S), 6(R), 15(S)‐Trihydroxy‐7(E), 9(E), 11(Z), 13(E)‐Eicosatetraenoic Acid (Lipoxin A). (1998)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Genetic algorithm optimization and its application to antenna design (2002)

Synthesis of antenna patterns employing iterative optimization techniques has been studied by many authors. However, successful application of these approaches to pattern synthesis has usually been limited to relatively simple arrays or has required careful, intelligent selection of the optimization starting points dictated by the nature of the optimization techniques used and the functions being optimized. This is because conventional functional optimization techniques are either based on greedy, local optimization methods such as gradient methods or consist of random walk solution space searches. In either case, these conventional techniques are often poorly suited to the task of arbitrary pattern synthesis in 1D and 2D antenna arrays due to the high dimensional, multimodal functional domains involved. In addition, traditional optimization techniques usually require the object function to be, at the very least, continuous and, in many cases to be differentiable, placing severe limitations on the form and content of the object function. This paper presents a radically different and relatively new functional optimization methodology known as genetic algorithm (GA) optimization that overcomes the above-mentioned problems of the traditional techniques and discusses how GA optimization is applied to 1D and 2D antenna design.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Restoration of blood pressure by choline treatment in rats made hypotensive by haemorrhage (1995)

1. Intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of choline (25-150 micrograms) increased blood pressure in rats made acutely hypotensive by haemorrhage. Intraperitoneal administration of choline (60 mg kg-1) also increased blood pressure, but to a lesser extent. Following i.c.v. injection of 25 micrograms or 50 micrograms of choline, heart rate did not change, while 100 micrograms or 150 micrograms i.c.v. choline produced a slight and short lasting bradycardia. Choline (150 micrograms) failed to alter the circulating residual volume of blood in haemorrhaged rats. 2. The pressor response to i.c.v. choline (50 micrograms) in haemorrhaged rats was abolished by pretreatment with mecamylamine (50 micrograms, i.c.v.) but not atropine (10 micrograms, i.c.v.). The pressor response to choline was blocked by pretreatment with hemicholinium-3 (20 micrograms, i.c.v.). 3. The pressor response to i.c.v. choline (150 micrograms) was associated with a several fold increase in plasma levels of vasopressin and adrenaline but not of noradrenaline and plasma renin. 4. The pressor response to i.c.v. choline (150 micrograms) was not altered by bilateral adrenalectomy, but was attenuated by systemic administration of either phentolamine (10 mg kg-1) or the vasopressin antagonist [beta-mercapto-beta,beta-cyclopenta-methylenepropionyl1, O-Me-Tyr2,Arg8]-vasopressin (10 micrograms kg-1). 5. It is concluded that the precursor of acetylcholine, choline, can increase and restore blood pressure in acutely haemorrhaged rats by increasing central cholinergic neurotransmission. Nicotinic receptor activation and an increase in plasma vasopressin and adrenaline level appear to be involved in this effect of choline.
Wafer level vacuum packaging of MEMS sensors (2005)

A process has been developed for wafer level vacuum packaging MEMS sensors, which are fabricated from etched, single crystal silicon structures, anodically bonded to metallized glass wafers. Key objectives of the process design were to minimize the number of changes to sensor fabrication, insure a high level of vacuum integrity, and flexible enough to accommodate a wide range of sensor designs. Only a single change to the standard sensor fabrication is required to implement the vacuum sealing process. A seal ring of gold, 250 microns wide by 1 micron thick is applied around the perimeter of the sensor and its electrical contact pads. The key features of this vacuum sealing technology are incorporated in the silicon cap wafer. It is 200 microns thick and contains an array of cavities, 50 microns deep, which align with the MEMS devices on the glass wafer. The opposite side of the wafer is coated with 2000 angstroms of silicon dioxide and is arrayed with aluminum bond pads, which align with those on the sensor wafer. These pads are connected to the sensor by through wafer vias, which are coated with a layer of parylene, one micron thick. The parylene is applied in a vapor deposition process, and then an excimer laser is used to ablate it from the bottom of the vias to allow electrical connections to be made to the aluminum bond pads. The vias are metallized with an adhesion layer of 500 angstroms of titanium and a conduction layer of 2000 angstroms of gold. This metal is photo-patterned, to produce pads that align with those of the sensor, and then all exposed parylene is removed by reactive ion etching. This cap wafer is bonded to the sensor wafer in an ultra-high vacuum system with a base pressure of 10/sup -8/ Torr. The two wafers are held on electrostatic chucks, one of which is hinged, so that in the degas phase, both wafers can be cleaned in-situ with an ion gun. For bonding, the hinge is actuated to position the cap wafer above the sensor wafer. A pair of prisms is positioned between the wafers to allow them to be precisely aligned prior to sealing. The wafers are bonded together by heating them to 300 /spl deg/C and actuating a pair of ball screws, which clamps them together under a load of 500 Newtons. The load and temperature is maintained for one hour to allow the gold of the sensor seal ring to react with the silicon of the cap wafer. The bonded pair is slowly cooled under load to complete the sealing process. The ultimate goal of this sealing approach is to use the control ASIC chip that is paired with the sensor, as the cap structure. This would minimize the length of signal paths between the ASIC and sensor, while realizing a very compact vacuum package.
Very High Coercivity Chemically Deposited Co–Ni Films (1965)

Films of Co–Ni, varying in composition from 30% Co to 100% Co, and ranging in thickness from 250 to 2500 Å, were prepared by chemical deposition. Small amounts of P were also included in the deposit. Their crystallographic and magnetic properties were studied as a function of composition and thickness. X-ray diffraction revealed a hexagonal structure for the Co films, with increasing presence of a cubic phase as Ni was introduced. The hexagonal crystallites of the all-Co films were randomly oriented, but in the Co–Ni films there was an increasing orientation of the hexagonal (002) and cubic (111) axes perpendicular to the substrate. The coercivity for a particular thickness increased as the Ni content of the films increased, reaching a peak of about 1300 Oe at 10% to 30% Ni depending on the thickness. Beyond this, the coercivity decreased rapidly to a value of 200 Oe as the Ni content of the films increased to 70%. In the Co films the coercivity decreases markedly with increasing thickness. This dependence on thickness becomes less and less pronounced as Ni is introduced, until the coercivity becomes independent of thickness in the vicinity of 20% Ni. Thereafter, the coercivity increases with increasing thickness, and this effect becomes more evident at higher Ni contents.
Manuel Tinoco (2000)

his study examines the contribution to deaf history of Manuel Tinoco, a hitherto unknown deaf student at Spain�s National School for Deaf-Mutes and the Blind. Along the way, it sheds considerable light on the day-to-day life at this establishment during the 1870s.
Heteropolyagostic Interactions in Lanthanide(III) Diisopropylamido Complexes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleHeteropolyagostic Interactions in Lanthanide(III) Diisopropylamido ComplexesWilliam J. Evans, Reiner Anwander, Joseph W. Ziller, and Saeed I. KhanCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1995, 34, 23, 5927–5930Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00127a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00127a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views274Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Synthese des biologisch aktiven Undecapeptids Substanz P nach der Flüssig‐Phasen‐Methode (1974)

Abstract Die Synthese des biologisch aktiven Undecapeptids Substanz P mit Hilfe der neuentwickelten Flüssig‐Phasen‐Methode (LPM) wird beschrieben. Das Peptid konnte mit hoher Ausbeute und voller biologischer Aktivität dargestellt werden. Das Beispiel zeigt, daß es nach dem modifizierten Verfahren der LPM, der Kristallisationsmethode möglich ist, biologisch aktive Peptide in kurzer Zeit mit guter Ausbeute und Reinheit zu synthetisieren.
A continuous compact MOSFET model for fully- and partially-depleted SOI devices (1998)

A fully continuous compact SOI MOSFET model for circuit simulations, that automatically accounts for the for the correct body depletion condition, is presented. Unlike previously reported models that are derived for either fully-depleted (FD) or partially-depleted (PD) devices, our model accounts for the possible transitions between FD and PD behavior during the device operation.
Symbioses: A Key Driver of Insect Physiological Processes, Ecological Interactions, Evolutionary Diversification, and Impacts on Humans (2009)

Symbiosis is receiving increased attention among all aspects of biology because of the unifying themes it helps construct across ecological, evolutionary, developmental, semiochemical, and pest management theory. Insects show a vast array of symbiotic relationships with a wide diversity of microorganisms. These relationships may confer a variety of benefits to the host (macrosymbiont), such as direct or indirect nutrition, ability to counter the defenses of plant or animal hosts, protection from natural enemies, improved development and reproduction, and communication. Benefits to the microsymbiont (including a broad range of fungi, bacteria, mites, nematodes, etc.) often include transport, protection from antagonists, and protection from environmental extremes. Symbiotic relationships may be mutualistic, commensal, competitive, or parasitic. In many cases, individual relationships may include both beneficial and detrimental effects to each partner during various phases of their life histories or as environmental conditions change. The outcomes of insect-microbial interactions are often strongly mediated by other symbionts and by features of the external and internal environment. These outcomes can also have important effects on human well being and environmental quality, by affecting agriculture, human health, natural resources, and the impacts of invasive species. We argue that, for many systems, our understanding of symbiotic relationships will advance most rapidly where context dependency and multipartite membership are integrated into existing conceptual frameworks. Furthermore, the contribution of entomological studies to overall symbiosis theory will be greatest where preoccupation with strict definitions and artificial boundaries is minimized, and integration of emerging molecular and quantitative techniques is maximized. We highlight symbiotic relations involving bark beetles to illustrate examples of the above trends.
An overcomplete discrete wavelet transform for video compression (2003)

The translated function with any integer multiple of the sampling period is completely represented in the wavelet space by one of the overcomplete discrete wavelet transform (ODWT) members. This theoretical result leads to a new motion estimation and motion compensation scheme working in the wavelet transform domain. Our experiments, performed on real image sequences, show high quality and low bit rate performances. Moreover, by performing the motion estimation in the wavelet space a major reduction of the computational cost is achieved.
Optimal use of Markov models for DPCM picture transmission over noisy channels (2000)

Joint source/channel decoders that use the residual redundancy in the source are investigated for differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) picture transmission over a binary symmetric channel. Markov sequence decoders employing the Viterbi algorithm that use first-order source statistics are reviewed, and generalized for decoders that use second-order source statistics. To make optimal use of the source correlation in both horizontal and vertical directions, it is necessary to generalize the conventional Viterbi decoding algorithm for a one higher-dimensional trellis. The paths through the trellis become two-dimensional "sheets", thus, the technique is coined "sheet decoding". By objective [reconstruction signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)] and subjective measure, it is found that the sheet decoders outperform the Markov sequence decoders that use a first-order Markov model, and outperform two other known decoders (modified maximum a posteriori probability and maximal SNR) that use a second-order Markov model. Moreover, it is found that the use of a simple rate-2/3 block code in conjunction with Markov model-aided decoding (MMAD) offers significant performance improvement for a 2-bit DPCM system. For the example Lenna image, it is observed that the rate-2/3 block code is superior to a rate-2/3 convolutional code for channel-error rates higher than 0.035. The block code is easily incorporated into any of the MMAD DPCM systems and results in a 2-bit MMAD DPCM system that significantly outperforms the noncoded 3-bit MMAD DPCM systems for channel-error rates higher than 0.04.
Longitudinal Quantification of Metabolites and Macromolecules Reveals Age- and Sex-Related Changes in the Healthy Fischer 344 Rat Brain (2020)

ABSTRACT Normal aging is associated with numerous biological changes including altered brain metabolism and tissue chemistry. In vivo characterization of the neurochemical profile during aging is possible using magnetic resonance spectroscopy, a powerful non-invasive technique capable of quantifying brain metabolites involved in physiological processes that become impaired with age. A prominent macromolecular signal underlies those of brain metabolites and is particularly visible at high fields; parameterization of this signal into components improves quantification and expands the number of biomarkers comprising the neurochemical profile. The present study reports, for the first time, the simultaneous absolute quantification of brain metabolites and individual macromolecules in aging male and female Fischer 344 rats, measured longitudinally using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy at 7T. We identified age- and sex-related changes in neurochemistry, with prominent differences in metabolites implicated in anaerobic energy metabolism, antioxidant capacity, and neuroprotection, as well as numerous macromolecule changes. These findings contribute to our understanding of the neurobiological processes associated with healthy aging, critical for the proper identification and management of pathological aging trajectories. HIGHLIGHTS → Magnetic resonance spectroscopy reveals altered chemistry in the aging rat brain → Age- and sex-dependent differences in metabolites and macromolecules are present → Metabolites and macromolecules are markers of processes involved in healthy aging → This study clarifies normative progression of brain chemistry and metabolism in vivo → Improved understanding will inform future studies in pathological aging
Histological study of the development of the embryo and early larva ofOreochromis niloticus (Pisces: Cichlidae) (2001)

The developmental stages of Oreochromis niloticus are similar to those described in other mouth-breeding tilapias except that, as in zebrafish, no cavity was found in the blastula. Variation in the rate of development of the embryo and larva of O. niloticus was found within a clutch of eggs as well as between clutches. Hatching glands are described for the first time in tilapias. They are widely distributed within the ectoderm covering the head, body, tail, and surface of the yolk sac near its attachment to the embryo. Timing of larval development is similar to that in other mouthbrooding tilapias, but is slower than that found in substrate-spawning tilapias. A pneumatic duct connects the swimbladder to the digestive tract and swimbladder inflation and initiation of feeding occurs at about the same time. The digestive tract of the larva 8 and 9 days after fertilization is similar to that found in the adult, except that there are no digestive glands. An endocrine pancreatic islet was first seen 76 h after fertilization. A prominent thymus gland is present at 100 h. Hematopoietic tissue develops in the vicinity of the pronephros during early larval development. A spleen develops later, 7 days after fertilization. J. Morphol. 247:172–195, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Preclinical and clinical biomarker studies of CT1812: A novel approach to Alzheimer's disease modification (2021)

These preclinical studies demonstrate the novel disease-modifying mechanism of action of CT1812 against AD and Aβ oligomers. The clinical results are consistent with preclinical data and provide evidence of target engagement and impact on fundamental disease-related signaling pathways in AD patients, supporting further development of CT1812.
Multiparametric display of spin‐echo data from MR studies of brain (1995)

A magnetic resonance (MR) image processing technique that uses a single color image for simultaneous presentation of spin-echo information and its application to MR studies of the brain is described. Relaxation rate and proton-density maps were calculated from 160 brain MR studies performed at 1.5 and 1.0 T with standard spin-echo sequences. Maps were fused into single color images, with R1, R2, and proton density coded, respectively, by red, green, and blue. The possibility of standardizing the technique was evaluated. Comparative analysis of color and conventional MR images of white matter disease and brain tumors was performed to assess intra- and interobserver variability. Unequivocal and reproducible chromatic characterization of normal brain structures and a variety of lesions was obtained. Intra- and interobserver analysis showed that color images can be used as a diagnostic tool. The technique may provide a simplified and timesaving approach for interpretation and presentation of brain MR studies.