gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An efficient one-pot synthesis of anthraquinone derivatives catalyzed by alum in aqueous media (2010)

Abstract Alum (KAl(SO4)2·12H2O) performs as a novel catalyst for the synthesis of anthraquinone derivatives from phthalic anhydride and substituted benzenes in good to excellent yields (70–96%) using water as a solvent at ambient temperature. Several solvents were examined for this reaction; however, in terms of reaction yield and time, water was found to be the optimum solvent. The remarkable advantages offered by this method are an inexpensive and easily available catalyst, a simple procedure, mild conditions, and much faster (60–120 min) reactions.
Ion source discharge performance and stability (1982)

Very efficient ion sources which utilize electron discharges to produce the plasma have been observed in certain cases to be susceptible to discharge impedance shifts (mode shifts). This results in unreliable plasma generation and unstable operation of the ion source. Studies have shown that the mode shifts are related to a decrease in the plasma potential to values very negative with respect to the anode potential. A general model of the ion source plasma is presented and the equilibrium plasma potential is calculated as a function of the plasma parameters and average loss rates. Parameters which contribute to negative plasma potentials are then identified. The experimentally observed constraints on gas pressure range and minimum discharge voltage at which the source will operate are predicted theoretically and the dependence demonstrated in an ion source. The negative plasma potentials are shown to be generated by enhanced thermalization of the primary electrons in the plasmas for ion sources with good electron confinement. The analysis reveals that plasma generator electrical efficiency is ultimately determined by the requirements on the minimum anode area necessary for stability of the discharge.
Nomenclatural Considerations of Certain Species of Lactobacillus Beijerinck: Request for an Opinion (1971)

The original description (2) of Lactobacillus delbrueckii (Leichmann) Beijerinck 1901 was confused with that of L. fermentum Beijerinck 1901. Although Opinion 38 of the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology (16, 17) accepts L. delbrueckii as the type species, the status of L. fermentum is unclear, and the name L. fermentum has probably not been validly published. To clarify matters, the synonomy and description of L. delbrueckii (neotype strain ATCC 9649) are herein up-dated; as a corollary, we request the Judicial Commission of the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology to issue an Opinion conserving L. fermentum and associating its concept with the description of the herein designated neotype strain of L. fermentum, ATCC 14931. As a separate matter, a number of Lactobacillus species names have been erroneously attributed to Holland (74); these citations are appropriately reviewed and corrected as follows: L. helveticus (Orla-Jensen) Bergey et al. 1925—designated neotype strain ATCC 15009, L. lactis (Orla-Jensen) Bergey et al. 1934—designated neotype strain ATCC 12315, L. bulgaricus (Orla-Jensen) comb. nov.—designated neotype strain ATCC 11842, L. plantarum (Orla-Jensen) Bergey et al. 1923—type strain ATCC 14917. Concepts associated with the above names and with L. leichmannii (Henneberg) Bergey et al.—designated neotype strain ATCC 4797, L. buchneri (Henneberg) Bergey et al. 1923—designated neotype strain ATCC 4005, and L. brevis (Orla-Jensen) Bergey et al. 1934—designated neotype strain ATCC 14869, are discussed in a modern context. Basionyms and other synonyms, author citations, descriptions of type and neotype strains, and justifications of the proposals are presented.
A Crown Ether Appended Super Gelator with Multiple Stimulus Responsiveness (2012)

A crown ether appended super gelator is designed and synthesized. It can gel a variety of organic solvents and shows excellent gelation properties with both low critical gelation concentration and short gelation time. Due to the introduction of the crown ether moiety and a secondary ammonium unit, the supramolecular gels show reversible gel-sol transitions. The supramolecular gels can also be molded into shape-persistent and free-standing objects.
Overcast: reliable multicasting with on overlay network (2000)

Overcast is an application-level multicasting system that can be incrementally deployed using today's Internet infrastructure. These properties stem from Overcast's implementation as an overlay network. An overlay network consists of a collection of nodes placed at strategic locations in an existing network fabric. These nodes implement a network abstraction on top of the network provided by the underlying substrate network.Overcast provides scalable and reliable single-source multicast using a simple protocol for building efficient data distribution trees that adapt to changing network conditions. To support fast joins, Overcast implements a new protocol for efficiently tracking the global status of a changing distribution tree.Results based on simulations confirm that Overcast provides its added functionality while performing competitively with IP Multicast. Simulations indicate that Overcast quickly builds bandwidth-efficient distribution trees that, compared to IP Multicast, provide 70%-100% of the total bandwidth possible, at a cost of somewhat less than twice the network load. In addition, Overcast adapts quickly to changes caused by the addition of new nodes or the failure of existing nodes without causing undue load on the multicast source.
Giardiavirus double-stranded RNA genome encodes a capsid polypeptide and a gag-pol-like fusion protein by a translation frameshift. (1993)

Giardiavirus is a small, nonenveloped virus comprising a monopartite double-stranded RNA genome, a major protein of 100 kDa, and a less abundant polypeptide of 190 kDa. It can be isolated from the culture supernatant of Giardia lamblia, a parasitic flagellate in human and other mammals, and efficiently infects other virus-free G. lamblia. A single-stranded copy of the viral RNA can be electroporated into uninfected G. lamblia cells to complete the viral replication cycle. Giardiavirus genomic cDNA of 6100 nt was constructed and its sequence revealed the presence of two large open reading frames that are separated by a -1 frameshift and share an overlap of 220 nt. The 3' open reading frame contains all consensus RNA-dependent RNA polymerase sequence motifs. A heptamer-pseudoknot structure similar to those found at ribosomal slippage sites in retroviruses and yeast killer virus was identified within this overlap. Immunostudies using antisera against synthesized peptides from four regions in the two open reading frames indicated that the 100- and 190-kDa viral proteins share a common domain in the amino-terminal region. But the 190-kDa protein makes a -1 switch of its reading frame beyond the presumed slippage heptamer and is therefore a -1 frameshift fusion protein similar to the gag-pol fusion protein found in retroviruses.
Online learning for low-latency adaptive streaming (2020)

Achieving low-latency is paramount for live streaming scenarios, that are now-days becoming increasingly popular. In this paper, we propose a novel algorithm for bitrate adaptation in HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS), based on Online Convex Optimization (OCO). The proposed algorithm, named Learn2Adapt-LowLatency (L2A-LL), is shown to provide a robust adaptation strategy which, unlike most of the state-of-the-art techniques, does not require parameter tuning, channel model assumptions, throughput estimation or application-specific adjustments. These properties make it very suitable for users who typically experience fast variations in channel characteristics. The proposed algorithm has been implemented in DASH-IF's reference video player (dash.js) and has been made publicly available for research purposes at [22]. Real experiments show that L2A-LL reduces latency significantly, while providing a high average streaming bit-rate, without impairing the overall Quality of Experience (QoE); a result that is independent of the channel and application scenarios. The presented optimization framework, is robust due to its design principle; its ability to learn and allows for modular QoE prioritization, while it facilitates easy adjustments to consider applications beyond live streaming and/or multiple user classes.
α-Adrenergic Coronary Vasoconstriction and Myocardial Ischemia in Humans (2000)

The use of quantitative coronary angiography, combined with Doppler and PET, has recently been directed at the study of alpha-adrenergic coronary vasomotion in humans. Confirming prior animal experiments, there is no evidence of alpha-adrenergic coronary constrictor tone at rest. Again confirming prior experiments, responses to alpha-adrenoceptor activation are augmented in the presence of coronary endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis, involving both alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-adrenoceptors in epicardial conduit arteries and microvessels. Such augmented alpha-adrenergic coronary constriction is observed during exercise and coronary interventions, and it is powerful enough to induce myocardial ischemia and limit myocardial function. Recent studies indicate a genetic determination of alpha(2)-adrenergic coronary constriction.
Current views of restoration at the optical layer (2002)

Optical layer restoration has been the key driver behind the concept of optical networking. Indeed, the development of the SONET/SDH ring standards was based around the perception that 50 ms restoration in the case of a fiber event was essential. As bandwidth continues to be deployed, the core levels of the network are rapidly consuming multiple OC48 and OC192 channels. This implies that current SONET/SDH ring technology, excellent at managing and restoring an STS-1 fabric, will be stretched to its limit of usefulness. Continuing the argument, without carefully considering the changing nature of the bandwidth mix, leads one to conclude that the optical equivalent of a SONET BLSR employing WDM and OADM technologies will be the next stage of evolution.
Percutaneous permeation modifiers: enhancement versus retardation (2008)

Since modifiers influence drug delivery, further exploration of these compounds is required to understand their modifying action on the properties of skin.
Towards Incorporating Visual Imagery into a Cognitive Architecture (2007)

This paper presents a synthesis of cognitive architecture and visual imagery. Visual imagery is a mental process that relies both on cognitive and perceptual mechanisms and is useful for tasks requiring visual-feature and visual-spatial reasoning. Using visual imagery as motivation, we have extended the Soar cognitive architecture to support the construction, transformation, generation, and inspection of visual representations for general problem solving. This paper presents the high-level architectural design and discusses initial results from two domains.
Mass spectrometry of the 4,4-dimethyloxazoline derivatives of isomeric octadecenoates (monoenes) (2000)

Although 4,4-dimethyloxazoline (DMOX) derivatives of fatty acids have been widely used for structural analysis of fatty acids by mass spectrometry, spectra of relatively few authentic standards have been published. Confusion can result when double bonds are located near either end of the molecule, and errors have been promulgated in the literature. Mass spectra of DMOX derivatives of the complete series of isomeric octadecenoates are described. Even when spectra are not easily interpreted mechanistically in terms of the double bond location, they usually give distinctive fingerprints.
Healthy Eating in the Public Sector (1992)

An examination of how catering practices in the school meals service and the National Health Service have evolved, with particular reference to recent changes in administration. The author describes some examples on how healthy eating principles have been introduced successfully.
Adenosine induced delay of expression of AIDS virus, HIV, in H9T cells. (1988)

Adenosine reduced the expression of CD4 antigen both in HIV infected and uninfected H9 T cells. The continuous presence of adenosine (1 mumol/ml) resulted in a remarkable delay of HIV expression in the infected cells. A relationship is suggested in the effects of HIV and adenosine on the human T cells.
Network considerations for open source based clouds (2015)

Cloud-based services are being consumed and developed at an unprecedented rate and cloud architects are looking for open-source options to architect and deploy next generation clouds. There are several use cases that can be explored for the aerospace industry. This paper will focus on the networking aspects of cloud architecture, which can be built via select open source technologies. This paper reviews, the three open source technologies, namely OpenStack, OpenDaylight and Open vSwitch and their corresponding networking sub components for cloud architectures. The benefits of adopting open source technologies vary from the standpoints of cost, flexibility, customizability, and auditability factors. OpenStack is an open source software that consists of interrelated projects for cloud processing, storage, and networking resources in a cloud data center. OpenDaylight is an open platform for network programmability to enable Software Defined Network (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). OpenDaylight (ODL) software is a combination of components including a network controller, interfaces, protocol plug-ins and Application Programmable Interfaces (APIs). Open vSwitch (OVS), is an open source implementation of a distributed virtual multilayer switch. The main purpose of Open vSwitch is to provide a switching stack for hardware virtualization environments. This paper will review the networking considerations of OpenStack design and implementation, the cloud-related functions and applicability for OpenDayLight in cloud designs, and the details of Open vSwitch and its consideration for a virtualized cloud architecture. The paper will also explore aerospace industry cloud use cases and intersection of these open source technologies with a portrayal of a potential cloud architecture with these components.
Exploiting the Protein Corona from Cell Lysate on DNA Functionalized Gold Nanoparticles for Enhanced mRNA Translation (2017)

This study describes the use of DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to enhance the synthesis of proteins in cell lysate and examines the mechanisms behind the enhanced mRNA translation. With an appropriate DNA oligomer sequence that hybridizes to the 3'-untranslated region of two mRNA of interest, insulin and green fluorescent protein (GFP), we found that these DNA conjugated AuNPs (AuNP-DNA) introduced into HeLa cell lysate enhanced the synthesis of insulin and GFP by up to 2.18 and 1.80-fold, respectively, over baseline production with just the mRNA present. The insulin synthesis was markedly reduced with non-DNA citrate-capped AuNP (1.25-fold) and AuNP-DNA with a nonspecific poly(T) sequence (1.25-fold). We showed that both nonspecific adsorption of ribosomes and translation factors to form a lysate protein corona on AuNP-DNA and weak hybridization between DNA oligomers and mRNA of interest were important factors that brought translation factors, ribosomes, and mRNA into close proximity of each other. This could reduce the recycling time of ribosomes during mRNA translation, thereby increasing the efficiency of protein synthesis. The outcome of this work shows that with rational DNA design, it could be possible to modulate intracellular biological processes with AuNP-DNA and increase their production of proteins for various biomedical applications.
Polylysine as a Vehicle for Extracellular Matrix–Targeted Local Drug Delivery, Providing High Accumulation and Long-Term Retention Within the Vascular Wall (2001)

We present the first steps in the elaboration of an approach of extracellular matrix-targeted local drug delivery (ECM-LDD), designed to provide a high concentration, ubiquitous distribution, and long-term retention of a drug within the vessel wall after local intravascular delivery. The approach is based on the concept of a bifunctional drug comprising a "therapeutic effector" and an "affinity vehicle," which should bind to an abundant component of the vessel wall. The aim of the present study was to select molecules suitable for the role of affinity vehicles for ECM-LDD and to study their intravascular delivery and retention ex vivo and in an animal model. By use of fluorescence microscopy, the following molecules were selected on the basis of strong binding to cross sections of human vessels: protamine, polylysine, polyarginine, a glycosaminoglycan-binding peptide from vitronectin, and a synthetic dendrimer. With polylysine as a prototypic affinity vehicle, we showed that after intravascular delivery, polylysine was concentrated throughout a luminal layer of the vascular wall to an extremely high concentration of 20 g/L and was retained therein for at least 72 hours of perfusion without noticeable losses. Low molecular weight (fluorescein) and high molecular weight (hirudin) compounds could be chemically conjugated to polylysine and were retained in the vessel wall after intravascular delivery of the conjugates. In conclusion, by use of the ECM-LDD method, an extremely high concentration and long-term retention of locally delivered drug can be reached. Polycationic molecules can be considered as potential affinity vehicles for ECM-LDD.
SYNTHESIS OF 6-SUBSTITUTED THIANAPHTHENES<sup>1</sup> (1955)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS OF 6-SUBSTITUTED THIANAPHTHENES1CORWIN HANSCH and BENO SCHMIDHALTERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1955, 20, 8, 1056–1061Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1955Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1955https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01365a016https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01365a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-Performance and Damage-Free Magnetic Film Etching using Pulse-Time-Modulated Cl<sub>2</sub> Plasma (2006)

We have developed a reactive ion etching (RIE) technique for magnetic films using pulse-time-modulated (TM) plasma. Using TM plasma etching can make the etching process high-performance and free of magnetic damage and corrosion. On the other hand, the conventional continuous wave discharge (CW) plasma etching process causes corrosion problems and degrades magnetic properties. We speculate that the negative ions injected from the TM plasma enhanced the chemical reaction on the magnetic film surface. We conclude that the TM plasma etching is a high-performance magnetic film etching process for fabricating magnetoresistive random access memory (MRAM).
Clinical toxicity and laboratory effects of granulocyte‐colony‐ stimulating factor (filgrastim) mobilization and blood stem cell apheresis from normal donors, and analysis of charges for the procedures (1996)

Filgrastim mobilization and apheresis of blood stem cells constitute a safe, well-tolerated, and comparable or less expensive alternative to the traditional marrow harvest.
Antipsychotic Medication and the Criminal Defendant: Problems Persist Despite a Dose of Due Process (1993)

Involuntary administration of antipsychotic drugs also raises difficult legal issues within the domain of criminal law. Because antipsychotic drugs affect thought processes, when psychiatrists acting on behalf of the state administer these drugs to a criminal defendant, the state is controlling that defendant's mind to some extent. In Riggins v. Nevada, the United States Supreme Court recognized constitutional protection against involuntarily treating pretrial detainees with antipsychotic drugs. This Note will analyze the Court's decision and discuss unresolved problems concerning the effects of antipsychotic medication on the criminally accused.
Natural evaporation from open water, bare soil and grass (1948)

Abstract Two theoretical approaches to evaporation from saturated surfaces are outlined, the first being on an aerodynamic basis in which evaporation is regarded as due to turbulent transport of vapour by a process of eddy diffusion, and the second being on an energy basis in which evaporation is regarded as one of the ways of degrading incoming radiation. Neither approach is new, but a combination is suggested that eliminates the parameter measured with most difficulty—surface temperature—and provides for the first time an opportunity to make theoretical estimates of evaporation rates from standard meteorological data, estimates that can be retrospective. Experimental work to test these theories shows that the aerodynamic approach is not adequate and an empirical expression, previously obtained in America, is a better description of evaporation from open water. The energy balance is found to be quite successful. Evaporation rates from wet bare soil and from turf with an adequate supply of water are obtained as fractions of that from open water, the fraction for turf showing a seasonal change attributed to the annual cycle of length of daylight. Finally, the experimental results are applied to data published elsewhere and it is shown that a satisfactory account can be given of open water evaporation at four widely spaced sites in America and Europe, the results for bare soil receive a reasonable check in India, and application of the results for turf shows good agreement with estimates of evaporation from catchment areas in the British Isles.
Enhanced mixing and spatial instability in concentrated bacterial suspensions (2009)

High-resolution optical coherence tomography is used to study the onset of a large-scale convective motion in free-standing thin films of adjustable thickness containing suspensions of swimming aerobic bacteria. Clear evidence is found that beyond a threshold film thickness there exists a transition from quasi-two-dimensional collective swimming to three-dimensional turbulent behavior. The latter state, qualitatively different from bioconvection in dilute bacterial suspensions, is characterized by enhanced diffusivities of oxygen and bacteria. These results emphasize the impact of self-organized bacterial locomotion on the onset of three-dimensional dynamics, and suggest key ingredients necessary to extend standard models of bioconvection to incorporate effects of large-scale collective motion.