gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Measurement of resistivity of large masses of undisturbed earth (1925)

The method and equipment for measuring the resistivity of large masses of undisturbed earth, primarily in connection with earth‐current potential measurements at the Carnegie Institution of Washington, magnetic observatories at Watheroo (Western Australia), and at Huancayo (Peru), are described. Measurements, made at four sites in the vicinity of Washington, D.C., during the development of the method, are reported. Method and procedure are described in Part I. Four contacts to earth are provided at equal intervals along a straight line at the surface. A measured current is sent through the earth between the extreme points and the resulting difference of potential between the intermediate points is observed. These data, together with the length of interval between electrodes or contact points, yield the average resistivity of a body of earth whose linear dimensions are of the same order as that of the electrode interval. Part II summarizes the results of series of measurements with electrode intervals ranging from 5 feet (1.5 meters) to 1,800 feet (540 meters). These give some knowledge of the variation of resistivity with depth and determine approximately the depths of ground‐water and of changes in the geological sub‐structure.
Copper(II) Acetate Promoted Intramolecular Diamination of Unactivated Olefins (2005)

A concise method for the synthesis of cyclic sulfamides and vicinal diamines is presented. This method is enabled by Cu(OAc)2 and demonstrates a new transformation for this metal. Both five- and six-membered vicinal diamine-containing heterocycles have been synthesized in good to excellent yields, and substrate-based asymmetric induction has been achieved. This is the first reported example of intramolecular diamination of olefins.
Long energy efficient Huffman sequences (1991)

An iterative method for increasing the energy efficiencies of given Huffman sequences is introduced. The iteration scheme works by varying the roots and the radius of the Z-transformation of Huffman sequences. The algorithm allows the intensity of the variations of the possible root positions to be changed. In this way the energy efficiencies of long real and complex valued Huffman sequences can be optimized. The algorithm has been applied to known Huffman sequences. The resulting efficiencies of real and complex valued Huffman sequences are given up to 100 elements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
<title>Possible counter-attacks against random geometric distortions</title> (2000)

After a brief reminder on the real difficulties that digital watermarking software still has to tackle -- especially some random geometric attacks such as StirMark -- we present an early overview of on-going solutions to make the survival of the watermark possible.
Model for Efficient Risk Allocation in Privately Financed Public Infrastructure Projects Using Neuro-Fuzzy Techniques (2011)

Risk allocation plays a critical role in privately financed public infrastructure projects. Project performance is contingent on whether the adopted risk-allocation strategy can lead to efficient risk management. Founded primarily on the transaction cost economics, a theoretical framework was recently developed to model the risk allocation decision-making process in privately financed public infrastructure projects. In this paper, a neuro-fuzzy model adapted from an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system was further designed based on the framework by combining fuzzy logic and artificial neural network techniques. Real project data were used to train and validate the neuro-fuzzy models. To evaluate the neuro-fuzzy models, multiple linear regression models and fuzzy inference systems established in previous studies were used for a systematic comparison. The neuro-fuzzy models can serve the purpose of forecasting efficient risk-allocation strategies for privately financed public infrastructure projects at a highly accurate level that multiple linear regression models and fuzzy inference systems could not achieve. This paper presents a significant contribution to the body of knowledge because the established neuro-fuzzy model for efficient risk allocation represents an innovative and successful application of neuro-fuzzy techniques. It is thus possible to accurately predict efficient risk-allocation strategies in an ever-changing business environment, which had not been achieved in previous studies.
The Impact of Efficient Transport Blocks Management on the Downlink Power in MIMO Spatial Multiplexing of LTE-A (2016)

Radio spectrum for mobile operators is an expensive resource that should be wisely provisioned to meet users' demands. In long term evolution-advanced, the number of physical resource blocks (PRBs) are used to gauge the users' needs. Accordingly, there is a time in the network when it is beneficial to gain the advantages of consuming the unused PRBs in the transport block (TB) context to operate at a significantly lower power cost per PRB. The novelty of the letter is that the 3rd generation partnership project (3GPP) standard tables are used with multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) spatial multiplexing mode, to control the transport block size (TBS) index. This can be done by setting more PRBs and hence changing the modulation order that leads to reducing the transmitted power. In addition to that, MIMO layers, the prerequisite throughput, the intercell interference as well as the channel conditions of each user are considered as constraints to improve the downlink power efficiency. To describe the above-stated problem, an optimization problem is formulated as binary integer nonlinear program, which is very difficult to solve. Thus, a reformulation linearization technique based on a branch-and-bound framework is used to simplify the aforementioned BINLP.
Modelling of multi-hop inter-vehicular path formation for connecting far vehicles to RSUs (2015)

Vehicular Ad hoc Networks have been receiving significant interest during the past years as they support both safety and non-safety applications for passengers commuting onboard smart vehicles. Vehicles may communicate with each others for the purpose of sharing information. Moreover, they may be privileged by Broadband Internet access as well as other services provisioned by stationary Roadside Units (RSUs) deployed along the roadways. When a vehicle leaves the coverage range of an RSU, it enters a dark area. However, it may still maintain connectivity with the RSU through multi-hop communication with other cooperative vehicles serving as intermediate relays. In this paper, we study the probability of establishing a connectivity path between a far away vehicle residing in a dark area and an RSU deployed along a roadway experiencing free-flow traffic conditions. For this purpose, we establish a stochastic mathematical framework which jointly considers the availability of intermediate relay vehicles as well as their ability to capture the communication channel in a contention-based MAC environment. Extensive simulations were conducted for the purpose of validating the derived expressions and examining the throughput performance of the system.
ZVZCS, dual, two-transistor forward DC-DC converter with peak voltage of Vin/2, high input and high power application (2003)

This paper presents a zero voltage and zero current switching (ZVZCS), dual, two-transistor forward converter (DTTFC) for high input voltage and high power application. Two identical two-transistor forward converters (TTFC) are connected in series and coupled through a single transformer using two primary windings, because of which it operates like a full bridge and makes it suitable for high power application. It imposes only half the input voltage across each of the four switches. This DTTFC has advantage of high reliability as compared to the full or half bridge converters. A modified pulse width modulation (PWM) controller is proposed for DTTFC to minimize the circulating RMS current flowing through the transformer and switching devices. This is without any extra hardware in series with primary of the transformer or in secondary. Conduction losses, being proportional to the square of the conducting current in a transformer and MOSFET, are important in high power converters operating at high currents. Since switching losses are also important in high frequency switching application, in DTTFC two switches, out of four switches, are turned-on and off at zero voltage condition due to the current in leakage inductance of a transformer. The remaining two switches are turned-off at zero voltage and turned-on at zero current condition due to transformer leakage inductance and minimized circulating current, over a wide range of load current. The advantages of this simple circuit topology is high efficiency, high reliability, low component count, and low cost, makes the new converter attractive for high input voltage, high power applications. In this paper we discuss the operating states, switching transitions, method of control, experimental results and associated waveforms of a MOSFET based practical 60 V, 50 A, 100 kHz, dual, two-transistor forward DC-DC converter operating at 750 V input bus. The measured efficiency was 95.07% at full load with maximum efficiency of 96.6% at 70% load.
Modulation of the Activities of Membrane Enzymes by Cereal Grain Resorcinolic Lipids (1992)

Resorcinolic lipids, amphiphilic compounds from cereal grains show strong effects upon the activity of membrane enzymes. The concentrations for 50% inhibition of erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase were in the range of 18-90 microM and were dependent on the length of the aliphatic side chain of the homologue and on the modification of hydroxyl groups in the benzene ring. Sulfonation of OH groups resulted in a drastic decrease of the inhibitory potency. The effect of resorcinolic lipids on the activity of Ca2+(calmodulin)-ATPase was the opposite. Up to concentrations of 50 microM alk(en)ylresorcinols stimulated the activity of this enzyme and only slight inhibition (approx. 30%) was observed above 100 microM. The results suggest that the effect of resorcinolic lipids might depend on their ability to alter the bilayer properties. Most probably these compounds decrease the mobility of membrane phospholipid molecules.
Airway Mucus Secretion (2005)

Airway mucus hypersecretion was long dismissed as a benign, albeit aggravating, component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (1,2). This doctrine is exempliﬁed in omission of the term ‘mucus hypersecretion’ from recent deﬁnitions of COPD (3). However, new epidemiological studies (4) demonstrate that mucus is far from innocent. In fact, airway mucus hypersecretion is now recognized as a potential risk factor for an accelerated loss of lung function in COPD. Thus, current wisdom declares that mucus hypersecretion is a key pathophysiological feature in many patients (Fig.1). Mucus hypersecretion, implicit in the term chronic bronchitis, is one of three pathophysiological entities that comprise COPD, the other two being chronic bronchiolitis (small airways disease), and emphysema (alveolar destruction with airspace enlargement). The relative contribution of each component to pathophysiology varies between patients, with the impact of mucus hypersecretion on clinical symptoms varying accordingly. In many patients, hypersecretion has clinical signiﬁcance, for example in patients with low lung function or who are prone to chest infections (5) (Fig. 2). Consequently, it is important to understand the pathophysiology of mucus hypersecretion in COPD. This in turn should allow identiﬁcation of therapeutic targets and rational development of pharmacotherapeutic drugs. The present chapter: 1) assesses the contribution of airway mucus hypersecretion and impaired mucociliary clearance to pathophysiology of the ‘bronchitic’ component of COPD, 2) considers the epidemiology andchanging view of the clinical impact of mucus hypersecretion in COPD, 3) discusses current therapy and outlines potential novel therapy for this condition, and 4) presents some of the options for chest physiotherapy to clear airway mucus in COPD. To set these issues in context for the nonexpertFigure 1 Airway mucus hypersecretion in COPD. Panel A: Gross pathology: mucus (M) partially blocking an extrapulmonary bronchus in a cigarette smoker with chronic sputum production. Panel B: Histopathology: mucus (M) occluding a small airway in a patient with COPD.
Head-Disk Proximity Sensing Using Contact Sensors in Hard Disk Drives (2014)

In this paper, a new approach for predicting the touch-down power (TDP) of a thermal flying-height control slider is presented. The method utilizes the contact sensor to sense head-disk proximity before actual head-disk contact. This is accomplished by measuring the contact sensor voltage in response to a step in heater power while decreasing the flying height of the slider. From the step response data, the transfer function from heater power to contact sensor voltage is estimated as a function of flying height using the step realization algorithm. The effect of step height is investigated and it is shown that the coefficients of the transfer function can be used to predict the TDP without having to perform a complete touch-down measurement.
Sonic Hedgehog Regulates Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor in Normal and Regenerating Cavernous Nerves (2012)

SHH regulates BDNF in the normal and regenerating PG/CN. BDNF is part of the mechanism of how SHH promotes regeneration, thus providing an opportunity to further manipulate the nerve microenvironment with combination therapy to enhance regeneration.
Demonstration of Magnetic Domain-Wall Storage and Logic (1962)

The operations of read-in, shifting, conditional erase, and fan-out in a system of domain-wall storage and logic proposed by Smith have been experimentally demonstrated. The several operations were performed by controlling the current flowing through a configuration of wires placed closely under a 5 to 40 mil wide, 50 to 300 A thick Permalloy strip, and the sequence of events was observed on the top side of the film using the Bitter technique. The basic wiring geometry was a narrow-spaced grid of series-connected parallel wires that made an angle of 50° to 75° with the strip of film, the smaller angles being necessary for the thinner films. Conditional erase was most successful in films below 100 A thick, as in this thickness range walls of the same sense form double walls which require relatively large fields for erasure.
The Evaluation of Plasmin and Streptokinase Activator Complexes in a New Rabbit Model of Venous Thrombosis (1981)

A new quantitative model for the examination of potential thrombolytic agents is described. A thrombus was formed in the inferior vena cava of the rabbit, using 125 I-labelled fibrinogen mixed with a standard amount of thromboplastin. The thrombus was anchored securely by means of a woollen thread inserted longitudinally into the lumen of the vein. Thrombotic extension of the radioactive clot and rethrombosis during the experimental period (5 h) were prevented by the administration of intravenous heparin. In control animals, the thrombus remained stable and there was no rise in te radioactivity of the circulating blood during 5 h. In animals given thrombolytic agents, lysis could be followed continuously by measuring the rise in blood radioactivity. Total lysis was determined by counting the radio-label in the residual clot after treatment. The model has been used to study the thrombolytic activity of streptokinase-human plasminogen complexes, activator-free plasmins of human and porcine origin, and human plasmin produced by streptokinase (SK) activation of human plasminogen. The role of activator complexes in the thrombolytic activity of SK-activated plasmin is discussed.
Fading puppies – reality or myth? (2012)

The term fading puppy syndrome (FPS) or fading puppy complex has been used inconsistently to refer to any failure‐to‐thrive syndrome beginning from birth to weaning that results in death despite all attempts at treatment. However, the term ‘fading’ has been mostly applied to neonatal puppies. The neonatal period has been defined variously as the first seven or 10 or 21 days. The reality is that the neonate is born immature and maturation occurs only gradually over a period of weeks. For example, the external ear canals of the puppy are occluded until between 12 and 14 days after birth. Further enlargement of the canal continues until its size and relationship to the other external ear structures appears to be normal, at about five weeks of age. Glomerular filtration in the kidneys increases from 21 per cent at birth to 53 per cent at eight weeks old. Tubular secretion also matures at eight weeks of age. Thus, any cut‐off point in development in the first weeks of life is arbitrary but the change from the nest period, when the neonate is completely reliant on the dam for its survival, to the stage when it can start to feed itself and walk away from the nest marks a turning point when the puppy becomes far less vulnerable to a variety of factors.
Self‐Assembly of a Bifunctional DNA Carrier for Drug Delivery (2011)

Speedy delivery: A self-assembled bifunctional unit incorporates a DNA aptamer for target recognition (see picture, green helix) and a G-quadruplex for drug loading. The modified DNA selectively delivered a photosensitizer (red bars) to cancer cells; irradiation with visible light generated high toxicity. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Observations on Ctenurella (Ptyctodontida) and the classification of placoderm fishes (1986)

Journal Article Observations on Ctenurella (Ptyctodontida) and the classification of placoderm fishes Get access PETER L. FOREY, PETER L. FOREY 1Department of Palaeontology, British Museum (Natural History), London SW7 5BD Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar BRIAN G. GARDINER BRIAN G. GARDINER 2Sir John Atkins Laboratories, Biology Department, King's College, Campden Hill Road, London W8 7AH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 86, Issue 1, January 1986, Pages 43–74, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1096-3642.1986.tb01807.x Published: 15 May 2008 Article history Received: 01 June 1984 Received: 01 November 1984 Published: 15 May 2008
Influence of pH on the Removal of Organics by Granular Activated Carbon (1986)

Studies with miniature columns of granular activated carbon (GAC) demonstrated the importance of pH in the removal of total organic carbon and trihalomethane precursors from coagulated Mississippi River water.
Unidirectional links prove costly in wireless ad hoc networks (1999)

Article Free Access Share on Unidirectional links prove costly in wireless ad hoc networks Author: Ravi Prakash Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX Department of Computer Science, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TXView Profile Authors Info & Claims DIALM '99: Proceedings of the 3rd international workshop on Discrete algorithms and methods for mobile computing and communicationsAugust 1999 Pages 15–22https://doi.org/10.1145/313239.313263Published:01 August 1999Publication History 87citation635DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations87Total Downloads635Last 12 Months16Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Security-capacity trade-off in large wireless networks using keyless secrecy (2010)

We investigate the scalability of a class of algorithms that exploit the dynamics of wireless fading channels to achieve secret communication in a large wireless network of n randomly located nodes. We describe a construction in which nodes transmit artificial noise to suppress eavesdroppers whose locations are unknown and ensure secrecy of messages transported across the network. Under a model in which eavesdroppers operate independently and under appropriate conditions on the achievable per-node throughput Ψ(n), we show that the network can tolerate Ω((1⁄√n(n))2c) eavesdroppers while ensuring that the aggregate rate at which eavesdroppers intercept packets goes to 0, where c is a constant such that 0 0. We also establish sufficient conditions on the number of eavesdroppers to achieve a non-zero throughput in our construction.
Case-based reasoning model applied to information retrieval (1995)

This paper concerns work in progress on the application of case based reasoning (CBR) to problems of information retrieval (IR). Many approaches to IR have already been developed. Traditional models involve techniques such as keyword searches and the use of boolean queries which are applied to databases or indexes. Other methods are based on probabilistic or statistical analysis of occurrences of words or phrases, some on structured queries, and yet others work with vector space models or semantic models. Knowledge-based approaches are not uncommon. However, there is little experimental evidence to demonstrate the effectiveness of knowledge-based techniques and they remain a significant challenge for research. Adaptation and learning have long been viewed as crucial parts of an IR system, and this alone suggests that CBR might prove to be a valuable approach to this area. In this paper, a CBR model is proposed as an alternative approach for IR. Close attention is paid to what exactly should constitute a case; and a system is described which starts from a problem description, i.e. a need for information, and a context, which involves both intellectual and institutional features. (3 pages)