gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selective Penicillin-Binding Protein Imaging Probes Reveal Substructure in Bacterial Cell Division (2012)

The peptidoglycan cell wall is a common target for antibiotic therapy, but its structure and assembly are only partially understood. Peptidoglycan synthesis requires a suite of penicillin-binding proteins (PBPs), the individual roles of which are difficult to determine because each enzyme is often dispensable for growth perhaps due to functional redundancy. To address this challenge, we sought to generate tools that would enable selective examination of a subset of PBPs. We designed and synthesized fluorescent and biotin derivatives of the β-lactam-containing antibiotic cephalosporin C. These probes facilitated specific in vivo labeling of active PBPs in both Bacillus subtilis PY79 and an unencapsulated derivative of D39 Streptococcus pneumoniae. Microscopy and gel-based analysis indicated that the cephalosporin C-based probes are more selective than BOCILLIN-FL, a commercially available penicillin V analogue, which labels all PBPs. Dual labeling of live cells performed by saturation of cephalosporin C-susceptible PBPs followed by tagging of the remaining PBP population with BOCILLIN-FL demonstrated that the two sets of PBPs are not co-localized. This suggests that even PBPs that are located at a particular site (e.g., septum) are not all intermixed, but rather that PBP subpopulations are discretely localized. Accordingly, the Ceph C probes represent new tools to explore a subset of PBPs and have the potential to facilitate a deeper understand of the roles of this critical class of proteins.
Beware of the hidden! How cross-traffic affects quality assurances of competing real-time Ethernet standards for in-car communication (2015)

Real-time Ethernet is expected to become the core technology of future in-car communication networks. Following its current adoption in subsystems for info- and entertainment, broadband Ethernet promises new features in the core of upcoming car series. Its full potential will enfold when deploying Ethernet-based backbones that consolidate all automotive domains on a single physical layer at increased bandwidth but reduced complexity and cost. In such a backbone, traffic with a variety of real-time requirements and best-effort characteristics will share the same physical infrastructure. However, certain applications like online diagnosis, data- or firmware updates, and access to off-board backends will introduce bursty high traffic loads to the sensitive core of the cars communication network. In this work, we analyze the robustness against cross-traffic of real-time Ethernet protocols. Based on a realistic in-car scenario, we demonstrate that background cross-traffic can have significant impact on in-car backbone networks—even for real-time protocols with strict prioritization. By comparing the real-time approaches Ethernet AVBs asynchronous credit based shaping with the time-triggered and rate-constrained traffic classes of Time-triggered Ethernet (AS6802) we quantify how different media access policies suffer from low priority bursts of applications such as diagnosis, online updates or backend-based services. Our simulation study of a realistic in-car backbone design and traffic model reveals that in a realistic in-car network design, cross-traffic may increase end-to-end latency by more than 500% while the jitter can become 14 times higher than for a network without background tasks. We discuss ways to mitigate these degrading effects.
An Agriculture Application Research on Cloud Computing (2013)

Today’s agriculture is embedded with advance services like GPS, sensors etc, that enable to communicate to each other, analyse the data and also exchange data among them. IT provides services in the form of cloud to agriculture. Agriculture-Cloud and IT offers expertise service to farmers regarding cultivation of crops, pricing, fertilizers, disease detail method of cure to be used etc. Scientists working at Agriculture research stations can add their discoveries, suggestions regarding modern techniques for cultivation, usage of fertilizers, can obtain cultivation history of the region etc. In this paper, our study was based on is to design and implement a simple Cloud based application on Agriculture System which is based on Agri-Cloud that enhance agriculture production and also enhance the availability of data related to research projects in field and also in lab. The impact of doing it would cut the cost, time, and make the communication system much faster and easier. We performed the simulation and experiments by using PHP server, mySQL database.
Preparation, Properties, and Uses of Benzeneboronic Acid (1959)

The purpose of this study was the development of a commercially practical process for the preparation of benzeneboronic acid based on known laboratory methods. The reaction of boron trifluoride with phenylmagnesium bromide was investigated briefly. The process finally developed, involving the reaction of phenylmagnesium bromide and methyl borate to give yields of up to 100% of benzeneboronic acid, was shown to be of general applicability by the preparation of p-chlorobenzene- and 1-naphthaleneboronic acids in high yields. This paper presents: the effect of process variables on the yield of benzeneboronic acid; a unifying discussion of the important chemical and physical aspects of the process; new physical and chemical data concerned with the preparation and properties of benzeneboronic acid; and a discussion of the reactions of benzeneboronic acid and its immediate derivatives.
Chlamydomonas telomere sequences are A+T-rich but contain three consecutive G-C base pairs. (1990)

We have isolated telomeric DNA and telomere-associated sequences from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The terminal telomere sequences of the green alga Chlamydomonas are composed of (TTTTAGGG)n repeats that are similar, but not identical, to those of the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana. We demonstrate that these repeats are telomeric by their preferential sensitivity to nuclease Bal-31 digestion, their similarity to A. thaliana telomeres, their orientation relative to the end of the chromosome, and the methods used for their isolation. Five independent telomere clones were isolated, and three of these clones include closely related telomere-associated sequences. One of these telomere-associated sequences hybridizes to a number of genomic fragments sensitive to digestion with the exonuclease Bal-31. Like telomere sequences from other organisms, the C. reinhardtii telomeres display a bias for guanine and thymine nucleotides on the 3'-end strand. However, the sequence of Chlamydomonas telomeres is more A + T-rich than any other known telomere sequence. We propose that the common feature of all known telomere is the frequent occurrence of tracts of three or more adjacent guanine residues.
New Method for Screening Drug Addicts Based on Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Technology (2010)

Objective: Establish a rapid new method for quick and non-invasive screening dug addicts through detecting drugs and its metabolites in saliva. Methods: Saliva samples of methamphetamine addict and non-addict were detected by Surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) system and generated Raman spectra. Through spectroscopy analysis found out the basis of distinguishing two groups. And 40 saliva samples were screened with this basis to further prove the feasibility. Results: The obvious characteristic peaks at 1000cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> and 1029 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-1</sup> were found in the Raman spectra of saliva samples from amphetamine addict, which showed the existence of methamphetamine and its metabolite amphetamine in samples. So those characteristic peaks were found in SRE spectrum can be as the basis of screening drug addicts. The methampheta-mine addicts were effectively distinguished from non-addicts by applying this screening basis on 40 saliva samples Raman test. Conclusion: This study provided a new method for drug addicts screening, which had advantages in quick, non-invasive, non-pollution, user-friendly, and allowing more than one kind of drug identified at the same time. And this method has good repeatability and feasibility.
A Novel Approach of Calculating Information Entropy in Information Extraction (2013)

Noise data of web page is easy to cause the topic drift problem in web information extraction. To improve the accuracy of web information extraction effectively, a novel calculation method of mixing entropy is presented, which can more accurately reflect the topic information of web page. The information block is discussed under the multi-page site environment. The impacts of information within local page and the same information distribution between web pages generated by template are all considered so as to ensure the precision of calculating information entropy. The method is verified by calculating the entropy of information block in information extraction. Compared with other methods, the simulation results indicate that the novel method shows great superiority over other traditional methods in both the accuracy of information entropy calculation and discrimination between topic-related information blocks and topic-unrelated information blocks.
Optical sensors for on-line inspection of industrial materials (1993)

Recent work on the development of optical sensors for on-line inspection of industrial materials is reviewed. Examples include on-line thickness profilometry for sawmill process control, polymer morphology analysis by light-scattering techniques, lubricant oil quantifcation on aluminum sheets, in-process inspection of plasma sprayed particles, and infrared temperature sensing in a continuous annealing furnace. The emphasis is on noncontact techniques well suited to automation and specifically adapted to each particular application with minimal perturbation of the industrial process.
Reactive collisions of benzene ion C6H6.bul.+ and C6D6.bul.+ at self-assembled monolayer films prepared on gold from n-alkane thiols and a fluorinated alkanethiol: the influence of chain length on the reactivity of the films and the neutralization of the projectile (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactive collisions of benzene ion C6H6.bul.+ and C6D6.bul.+ at self-assembled monolayer films prepared on gold from n-alkane thiols and a fluorinated alkanethiol: the influence of chain length on the reactivity of the films and the neutralization of the projectileArpad Somogyi, Thomas E. Kane, Jian Mei Ding, and Vicki H. WysockiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 12, 5275–5283Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00065a044https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00065a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Elektrochemische Oxidation von Acridanen (1978)

Abstract Die Synthese von 10,10′‐Dimethyl‐9,9′‐spirobiacridan ( 2 ) wird beschrieben und die elektrochemische Oxidation dieser Verbindung und anderer 9,9‐disubstituierter Acridane (9,9‐Dimethylacridan ( 1c ), 9,9,10‐Trimethylacridan ( 1d ), 9,9‐Diphenylacridan ( 1e ). 10‐Methyl‐9,9‐diphenylacridan ( 1f )) in Acetonitril untersucht. Die Ergebnisse von cyclischer Voltammetrie, Elektrolyse unter Potentialkontrolle und unabhängiger Synthese zeigen, daß bei allen diesen Verbindungen auf die Oxidation zum Monokationradikal (reversibler Ein‐Elektronen‐Prozeß) eine unter Protonenabspaltung verlaufende Dimerisierung zu den leicht weiter oxidierbaren 2,2′‐Biacridan‐Systemen ( 9 , 14 ) folgt. Die ebenfalls nach einem ECE‐Mechanismus ablaufende Oxidation der 9 H ‐Acridane führt dagegen zum Acridinium‐System ( 7a , b ), wie am Beispiel des Acridans ( 1a ) und des 10‐Methylacridans ( 1b ) gezeigt wird. — Der Ablauf der Oxidation wird mit dem für andere Di‐ und Triarylamine beschriebenen Oxidationsverhalten verglichen, quantitative Unterschiede werden interpretiert.
Fear the EAR (2011)

The complexity of modern web applications makes it difficult for developers to fully understand the security implications of their code. Attackers exploit the resulting security vulnerabilities to gain unauthorized access to the web application environment. Previous research into web application vulnerabilities has mostly focused on input validation flaws, such as cross site scripting and SQL injection, while logic flaws have received comparably less attention. In this paper, we present a comprehensive study of a relatively unknown logic flaw in web applications, which we call Execution After Redirect, or EAR. A web application developer can introduce an EAR by calling a redirect method under the assumption that execution will halt. A vulnerability occurs when server-side execution continues after the developer's intended halting point, which can lead to broken/insufficient access controls and information leakage. We start with an analysis of how susceptible applications written in nine web frameworks are to EAR vulnerabilities. We then discuss the results from the EAR challenge contained within the 2010 International Capture the Flag Competition. Finally, we present an open-source, white-box, static analysis tool to detect EARs in Ruby on Rails web applications. This tool found 3,944 EAR instances in 18,127 open-source applications. Finally, we describe an approach to prevent EARs in web frameworks.
Semiconductor-to-metal attachment with silver-filled TPI bondlines (2015)

In the attachment of semiconductor chips and submounts to metal heat sinks, bondlines utilizing silver-filled thermoplastic polyimide adhesive (TPI) are very durable across a wide range of environmental conditions (thermal, physical, chemical, radiation). TPI bondlines can withstand an extreme CTE-mismatch between the laminated materials, and have excellent bonding with adhesive-layer thicknesses down to only a few microns. To provide electrical conductivity and enhance thermal conductivity, the TPI bondline can be compounded with a high concentration of silver particles, and retain durability and adhesion. There are two general constructions of silver-filled TPI bondlines:Bondfoil – thin layers of silver-filled B-staged TPI coatings on either side of a metal carrier/substrate. The thickness of the (cured) TPI coatings would be 2–10 μm/side. TPI-priming (B- or C-staged; partially or fully cured) of a semiconductor surface may be required.TPI coating only – thin layers of silver-filled TPI polymer (1–3 μm/surface; B- or C-staged) on the interface surfaces to be bonded. A minimal amount of A-staged TPI (liquid: polymer in solvent) may be added to the bondline construction to optimize surface wetting during lamination.The ultimate in robustness and thinness, silver-filled TPI bondlines can provide:Continuous operation at 350°C, as well as temporary exposure to 450°C. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of the TPI polymer shows that degradation does not start until well above 500°C. [See opposite.]Thermal shock durability -- the CTE-mismatched TPI bondline between silicon and aluminum can survive repeated thermal shocks with a ΔT of 300–400°C.Thermal impedance as low as 0.06 °C-cm2/W (0.01°C-in2/W) when using a silver-filled TPI bondfoil, and about 0.01 °C-cm2/W (0.002°C-in2/W) when using just silver-filled TPI coatings on the interface surfaces (no metal foil). In both constructions, the thermal impedance includes all interface resistances.Shear strength of 10 MPa to an aluminum surface and 1–2 MPa to silicon. These features make TPI bondlines ideal for demanding, CTE-mismatched semiconductor packages. As opposed to cross-linked thermoset bondlines -- which are brittle, especially when highly filled -- thermoplastic polyimide bondlines remain ductile and resist cracking, even when highly stressed.
Modified Fixed-Ratio Isobologram Method for Studying In Vitro Interactions between Atovaquone and Proguanil or Dihydroartemisinin against Drug-Resistant Strains of <i>Plasmodium falciparum</i> (2004)

A modified fixed-ratio isobologram method for studying the in vitro interactions between antiplasmodial drugs is described. This method was used to examine the interactions between atovaquone, proguanil, and dihydroartemisinin. The interaction between atovaquone and proguanil was synergistic against atovaquone-sensitive strains K1 and T996; however, there was a loss of synergy against atovaquone-resistant strain NGATV01 isolated after Malarone (the combination of atovaquone and proguanil) treatment failure. While the interaction between atovaquone and dihydroartemisinin was indifferent against isolate NGATV01, the interaction displayed indifference tending toward antagonism against the atovaquone-sensitive strains tested. The relevance of in vitro interactions to in vivo treatment is discussed.
Abdominal Circumference as a Screening Measure for Type 2 Diabetes (2014)

Waist circumference measured at the level of greatest anterior extension of the abdomen was the best central adiposity measurement in predicting and assessing Type 2 Diabetes.
Use of Quantitative Magnetic Resonance Angiography to Stratify Stroke Risk in Symptomatic Vertebrobasilar Disease (2005)

Patients with symptomatic VBD demonstrating low distal flow on QMRA appear to have a high risk of stroke; conversely, those with normal flow seem to have a benign course and may be optimally managed with medical therapy alone.
A Bacillus subtilis Secretion Vector System Derived from the B. subtilis α-Amylase Promoter and Signal Sequence Region, and Secretion of Escherichia coli β-Lactamase by the Vector System 1 (1984)

A secretion vector system in Bacillus subtilis was constructed from the alpha-amylase promoter and signal sequence coding region of an alpha-amylase hyperproducing strain, B. subtilis NA64, and the major part of the plasmid pTUB4 which was derived from pUB110. When an Escherichia coli beta-lactamase gene, lacking its own promoter and signal sequence coding region, was introduced into the secretion vector system, beta-lactamase was expressed in B. subtilis. In addition, more than 95% of the enzyme synthesized was secreted into the culture medium via the secretion vector system. Secreted beta-lactamase crossreacted with rabbit antiserum raised against the E. coli enzyme.
Preparation of Phosphorescent Iridium(III) Complexes with a Dianionic C,C,C,C-Tetradentate Ligand (2018)

The preparation and photophysical properties of heteroleptic iridium(III) complexes containing a dianionic C,C,C,C-tetradentate ligand and a cyclometalated phenylpyridine group are described. Complex [Ir(μ-OMe)(COD)]<sub>2</sub> (1, COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) reacts with 1,1-diphenyl-3,3-butylenediimidazolium iodide ([PhIm(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>ImPh]I<sub>2</sub>), in the presence NaO<sup>t</sup>Bu, to give [Ir(μ-I){κ<sup>4</sup>- C, C, C, C-[C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Im(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>ImC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]}]<sub>2</sub> (2), which leads to {[Ir{κ<sup>4</sup>- C, C, C, C-[C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Im(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>ImC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]}]<sub>2</sub>(μ-OH)(μ-OMe)} (3) by treatment first with silver trifluoromethanesulfonate (AgOTf) in acetone-dichloromethane and subsequently with KOH in methanol. The reaction of 2 with AgOTf and acetonitrile affords the bis(solvento) complex [Ir{κ<sup>4</sup>- C, C, C, C-[C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Im(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>ImC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]}(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)<sub>2</sub>]OTf (4). The latter promotes the pyridyl-supported heterolytic ortho-CH bond activation of the phenyl group of 2-phenylpyridine, 2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine, 2-( p-tolyl)pyridine, and 5-methyl-2-phenylpyridine to yield Ir{κ<sup>4</sup>- C, C, C, C-[C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>Im(CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>4</sub>ImC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>]}{κ<sup>2</sup>- C, N-[Ar-py]} (Ar-py = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-py (5), C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>2</sub>F<sub>2</sub>-py (6), C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Me-py (7), C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>-Mepy (8)) using (piperidinomethyl)polystyrene as an external base. Complexes 5-8 are blue-green emitters, which display short lifetimes (0.6-4.8 μs) and quantum yields close to unity in both doped poly(methyl methacrylate) films at 5 wt % and in 2-methyltetrahydrofuran at room temperature.
Further characterization of boar sperm plasma membrane proteins with affinity for the porcine zona pellucida (1985)

Abstract Boar sperm plasma membrane proteins (PMPs) with affinity for the zona pellucida were partially purified from columns of dextran sulfate using a linear salt gradient and a buffered detergent that retained their ability to block directly the binding of uncapacitated and capacitated sperm to isolated porcine oocytes. PMPs that bound most strongly to dextran sulfate (fraction IV) were also most effective in blocking sperm binding to porcine oocytes. These tightly bound proteins also bound to isolated zonae to a greater extent than other fractions. Monovalent antibodies to fraction IV PMPs completely blocked sperm binding to isolated eggs. Fraction IV PMPs lost the ability to inhibit directly the binding to eggs when treated with chaotropic agents and trypsin; the fraction also displayed a tendency to aggregate in the absence of high salt. This property and the affinity of proteins in this fraction for sulfated polysaccharides indicate that specific hydrophilic interactions may play a significant role in sperm‐zona attachments.
Optimal scalar quantization of the PARCOR coefficients for speech coding (2003)

The optimal scalar quantization of the PARCOR coefficients and of the log area ratios (LARs) for speech coding is treated. The kernel method to obtain the probability density function of the LARs, and the quantization tables for each coefficient is then computed with the Lloyd-Max algorithm. The optimum bit allocation is performed by the Fox-Makhoul procedure on the LARs and on the decorrelated LARs. The quantization tables of the LARs and the decorrelated LARs are given for 32 bits, using a code-excited linear predictive coder.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>