gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wässrige lacksysteme (1984)

Abstract Der Aufbau von Dispersionsanstrichmitteln, die Bedeutung der Glasübergangstemperatur und der Partikelgröße auf die Filmbildung werden diskutiert. Wasserlösliche Alkydharze, Polyacrylate (Methacrylate), Polyepoxide und Polyurethane und die Möglichkeiten zur Vernetzung werden aufgezeigt. Die bei der Elektrophorese anodisch abscheidbaren Polybutadien‐ und Polyepoxidesterderivate sowie die kathodisch abscheidbaren Polyepoxidaminurethan‐Systeme und die Elektrodenvorgänge werden besprochen. Die Abscheidung eines Polyäthylacrylatlatex durch Chemiphorese (Autophorese) in verdünnter Fluorwasserstoffsäure und Wasserstoffperoxid auf Stahl zeigt eine ungleichmäßige Verteilung der Eisenionen im Film aufgrund energiedispersiver rasterelektroenmikroskopischer Untersuchungen. Es liegt eine Anhäufung von Eisenionen in der Nähe der Grenzschicht zum Unterground und ein starker Abfall der Eisenionenkonzentration zur äußeren Grenzschicht vor.
Microbial Formation of Ethane in Anoxic Estuarine Sediments (1981)

Estuarine sediment slurries produced methane and traces of ethane when incubated under hydrogen. Formation of methane occurred over a broad temperature range with an optimum above 65 degrees C. Ethane formation had a temperature optimum at 40 degrees C. Formation of these two gases was inhibited by air, autoclaving, incubation at 4 and 80 degrees C, and by the methanogenic inhibitor, 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid. Ethane production was stimulated by addition of ethylthioethanesulfonic acid, and production from ethylthioethanesulfonic acid was blocked by 2-bromoethanesulfonic acid. A highly purified enrichment culture of a methanogenic bacterium obtained from sediments produced traces of ethane from ethylthioethanesulfonic acid. These results indicate that the small quantities of ethane found in anaerobic sediments can be formed by certain methanogenic bacteria.
<title>Optimizing the optics for evanescent wave analysis with laser diodes (EWALD) for monitoring chlorinated hydrocarbons in water</title> (1996)

Fiber evanescent field analysis (FEFA) is a novel promising sensing technique for on-line and in situ analysis of hydrocarbons in water. With a conventional IR light source and FTIR spectroscopy it allows multicomponent analysis, while using MIR-tunable diode lasers results in more sensitive and faster single component analysis. Compared to common attenuated total reflection elements, silver halide (AgCl/Br) fibers offer more convenient application for remote sensing and field measurements because the fibers can be used for both, guidance of MIR radiation to and from the sensing part, and the sensing part itself. At present these fibers are multimode. The sensor response can be expected to depend strongly on the mode distribution in the fiber. We hence performed a model calculation that allows us to compare the FEFA absorption and the intrinsic fiber losses for given mode distributions and dependent on the optical parameters such as the coupling conditions and the fiber design. In order to link theoretical results to experimental data, the theory is based on an internal mode distribution derived from far field fiber emission data. We present far field data and the resulting internal distributions.
<i>BRAF</i>Alterations in Primary Glial and Glioneuronal Neoplasms of the Central Nervous System With Identification of 2 Novel KIAA1549 (2011)

Recent studies highlight the importance of BRAF alterations resulting in mitogen activated protein kinase (MAK/ERK) pathway activation in low-grade CNS tumors. We studied 106 low-grade CNS neoplasms in a cohort of primarily pediatric patients to identify the prevalence and clinicopathologic significance of these alterations. Polymerase chain reaction testing identified KIAA1549:BRAF fusions in 51 (48%) tumors overall, including 42 (60%) pilocytic astrocytomas, 4 (17%) unclassifiable low-grade gliomas, 4 (36%) low-grade glioneuronal/neuroepithelial tumors, 0 (of 5) pleomorphic xanthoastrocytomas, 0 (of 4) diffuse astrocytomas (World Health Organization grade II), and 1 (of 3, 33%) pilomyxoid astrocytoma. KIAA1549:BRAF gene fusions confirmed by sequencing included the previously reported ones involving exons 1-16/9-18 (49%), 1-15/9-18 (35%), and 1-16/11-18 (8%) and 2 fusions with novel breakpoints: 1-15/11-18 (6%) and 1-17/10-18 (1%). DNA sequencing identified BRAF mutations in 8% of tumors. BRAF mutations were absent. KIAA1549:BRAF fusions were significantly more frequent in infratentorial (57%) and optic pathway (59%) tumors versus supratentorial (19%) tumors (p = 0.001). We did not identify significantly improved progression-free survival in tumors with fusions. In summary, KIAA1549:BRAF fusions predominate in pilocytic astrocytomas but are also present in some low-grade unclassifiable gliomas and glioneuronal tumors. The prognostic and therapeutic significance of this alteration is unclear and merits further study.
Mass reduction patterning of silicon-on-oxide–based micromirrors (2016)

It has long been recognized in the design of micromirror-based optical systems that balancing static flatness of the mirror surface through structural design with the system’s mechanical dynamic response is challenging. Although a variety of mass reduction approaches have been presented in the literature to address this performance trade, there has been little quantifiable comparison reported. In this work, different mass reduction approaches, some unique to the work, are quantifiably compared with solid plate thinning in both curvature and mass using commercial finite element simulation of a specific square silicon-on-insulator–based micromirror geometry. Other important considerations for micromirror surfaces, including surface profile and smoothness, are also discussed. Fabrication of one of these geometries, a two-dimensional tessellated square pattern, was performed in the presence of a 400-μm-tall central post structure using a simple single mask process. Limited experimental curvature measurements of fabricated samples are shown to correspond well with properly characterized simulation results and indicate ∼67% improvement in radius of curvature in comparison to a solid plate design of equivalent mass.
3D Graphene-Infused Polyimide with Enhanced Electrothermal Performance for Long-Term Flexible Space Applications (2015)

Polyimides (PIs) have been praised for their high thermal stability, high modulus of elasticity and tensile strength, ease of fabrication, and moldability. They are currently the standard choice for both substrates for flexible electronics and space shielding, as they render high temperature and UV stability and toughness. However, their poor thermal conductivity and completely electrically insulating characteristics have caused other limitations, such as thermal management challenges for flexible high-power electronics and spacecraft electrostatic charging. In order to target these issues, a hybrid of PI with 3D-graphene (3D-C), 3D-C/PI, is developed here. This composite renders extraordinary enhancements of thermal conductivity (one order of magnitude) and electrical conductivity (10 orders of magnitude). It withstands and keeps a stable performance throughout various bending and thermal cycles, as well as the oxidative and aggressive environment of ground-based, simulated space environments. This makes this new hybrid film a suitable material for flexible space applications.
Long-Lasting Endotamponades in Vitreoretinal Surgery (2010)

In modern vitreoretinal surgery, a variety of long-lasting endotamponades is available. These endotamponades differ in physical and chemical properties and their usage is based on certain pathological and surgical considerations. With modern endotamponades the treatment and prognosis for some severe diseases of the posterior segment was improved. Besides these supportive features of new endotamponades, the surgeon has to keep in mind that certain steps, like a complete removal of the vitreous and of any traction, are crucial for the success of an operation and that the most supportive step for the retina is complete endotamponade. This review gives an overview of longlasting endotampoandes in vitreoretinal surgery and of the indications for their usage.
Impulse excitation apparatus to measure resonant frequencies, elastic moduli, and internal friction at room and high temperature (1997)

This paper presents a new apparatus to measure elastic properties and internal friction of materials. The apparatus excites the test specimen by a light mechanical impact (impulse excitation) and performs a software-based analysis of the resulting vibration. The resonant frequencies fr of the test object are determined and, in the case of isotropic and regular shaped specimens, the elastic moduli are calculated. The internal friction value (Q−1) is determined for each fr as Q−1=k/(πfr) with k the exponential decay parameter of the vibration component of frequency fr. A furnace was designed and equipped with automated impulse excitation and vibration detection devices, thus allowing computer-controlled measurements at temperatures up to 1750 °C. The precision of the measured fr depends on the size and stiffness of the specimen, and varies from the order of 10−3 (that is ±1 Hz at 1 kHz) in soft, high damping materials or light specimens, to values as precise as 10−5 (that is ±0.1 Hz at 10 kHz) in larger or stiffer specimens. The highly reproducible Q−1 measurements are accurate whenever the relation Q−1=k/(πfr) holds. The precision of the Q−1 measurement depends on the suspension or support of the specimen, and on the specimen size. Since external energy losses are relatively smaller for larger specimens, the lower limit of measurable Q−1 extends from 10−3 for small specimens (for example &lt;1 g) down to 10−5 with increasing specimen size. High temperature tests have shown that Q−1 can be monitored up to values of about 0.1.
Pharmacokinetic Aspects of Chenodeoxycholic Acid Therapy (1975)

AbstractClinical trials both here and abroad of CDCA as a treatment for gallstones have most often utilized the unconjugated form in gelatine capsules. But is this the most effective, least toxic formulation? Investigators in Switzerland have found potentially important differences in physiologic response to conjugated CDCA in aqueous solution, suggesting that the trials are using a drug about which much still remains to be learned.
An algorithm for reduction of operator strength (1977)

A simple algorithm which uses an indexed temporary table to perform reduction of operator strength in strongly connected regions is presented. Several extensions, including linear function test replacement, are discussed. These algorithms should fit well into an integrated package of local optimization algorithms.
The presence of the<i>tet</i>gene from cloning vectors impairs<i>Salmonella</i>survival in macrophages (2004)

Cloning, mutagenesis and complementation of virulence factors are key steps to understand the mechanisms of bacterial pathogenesis and cloning vectors are routinely utilized for these processes. We have investigated the effect of the presence of commonly used cloning vectors on the survival of the intracellular bacterial pathogen Salmonella during macrophage infection. We demonstrate that the presence of the pSC101 derived tetracycline resistance gene on plasmids causes a lower survival rate of Salmonella in macrophages. The decrease in survival caused by the presence of the tet gene was not due to a higher susceptibility to gentamicin, a growth defect, or to increased sensitivity to acid. Higher susceptibility to hydrogen peroxide was observed in vitro for strain containing plasmid with the tet gene when the strains were grown at high densities but not when they were grown at low densities. Our findings demonstrate that the use of the tet gene for mutation or complementation can have deleterious effects and should thus be carefully considered.
Comparative Efficacies of Three Commercially Available Vaccines against West Nile Virus (WNV) in a Short-Duration Challenge Trial Involving an Equine WNV Encephalitis Model (2007)

We used a severe challenge model that produces clinical West Nile virus (WNV) disease to test the efficacy of three commercially available equine WNV vaccines in horses. Twenty-four healthy, WNV-seronegative horses of varying ages and genders were placed, in random and blind manner, into three trial groups consisting of eight horses each; two horses in each group received (i) an inactivated WNV vaccine (K-WN), (ii) a modified-live vaccine (CP-WN) containing the WNV prM and E proteins expressed by a canarypox vector, (iii) a live-chimera vaccine (WN-FV) containing WNV prM and E proteins expressed in a YF17D vector, or (iv) a diluent control. Challenge by this model caused grave neurological signs, viremia, moderate to severe histopathologic lesions in the brain and spinal cord, and an outcome of 0% survivorship in all six control horses. In contrast, challenge in horses at between 28 days postvaccination with the chimera vaccine and 56 days postvaccination with the commercial inactivated or modified-live vaccine resulted in 100% survivorship (protection from the onset of WNV encephalitis and viremia). Horses vaccinated with the live-chimera vaccine showed significantly fewer clinical signs than did the control horses (P </= 0.01) and the horses vaccinated with inactivated vaccine (P = 0.035). Mild residual inflammatory lesions were seen in a few of the vaccinated horses.
Advances in Electrocardiography (1973)

Journal Article Advances in Electrocardiography Get access Advances in Electrocardiography, edited by Robert C. Schlant and J. Willis Hurst. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1972, $24.75, 464 pages. Raymond Harris, MD Raymond Harris, MD Assistant Clinical Professor of Medicine Albany Medical College; Chief, Subdepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine St. Peter's Hospital Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Gerontology, Volume 28, Issue 3, July 1973, Page 389, https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/28.3.389 Published: 01 July 1973
Henson Nudes Not 'Revolting', but Demand Reflection (2008)

Mr Bill Henson's photographs of children created controversy, however the same can be viewed differently in different contexts. If the photographs are considered art then it is not wrong but if it is not art, then it should be considered under law.
Electroencephalogram and Physiological Signal Analysis for Assessing Flow in Games (2013)

Passive brain-computer interaction (BCI) can provide useful information to understand a user's state and anticipate intentions, which is needed to support adaptivity and personalization. Given the huge variety of audiences, a game's capability of adapting to different user profiles-in particular to keep the player in flow-is crucial to make it ever more enjoyable and satisfying. We have performed a user experiment exploiting a four-electrode electroencephalogram (EEG) tool similar to the ones that are soon likely to appear in the market for game control. We have performed a spectral characterization of the video-gaming experience, also in comparison with other tasks. Results show that the most informative frequency bands for discriminating among gaming conditions are around low beta. Simple signals from the peripheral nervous system add marginal information. Classification of three levels of user states is possible, with good accuracy, using a support vector machine (SVM) classifier. A user-independent classification performs worse than a user-dependent approach (50.1% versus 66.4% rate). Personalized SVM training and validation time is reasonable (7-8 min). Thus, we argue that a personalized system could be implemented in a consumer context and research should aim at improving classifiers that can be trained online by end users.
The Effects of Cilostazol on Nerve Conduction Velocity and Blood Flow (2008)

Cilostazol improved NCV and blood flow to the cauda equina in this dog model. Cilostazol might be a potential agent to improve symptoms due to compression of cauda equina and/or cauda equina dysfunction.
Finite Element Model Study of Head Impact Based on Hybrid III Head Acceleration: The Effects of Rotational and Translational Acceleration (1995)

The translational and rotational components of acceleration measured at the center of gravity of a Hybrid III dummy head were used to investigate their individual and combined effects on a two-dimensional finite element model of the human brain. Each component of acceleration generated distinct patterns of deformation. Although translational acceleration is related to pressure and rotational acceleration has a dominant effect on shear deformations, complete acceleration (combination of translation and rotation) yielded the highest values in all stresses and produced a maximum shear stress at the top of the brain.
Modular function deployment (1998)

This thesis introduces a method and procedure for thedevelopment of modular products including a tool for evaluationof modular concepts based on case studies, empirical data foundin test examples and accepted design theories.The method is called Modular Function Deployment (MFD) andconsists of five major steps. It starts with Quality FunctionDeployment (QFD) analysis to clarify customer requirements andto identify important design requirements with a specialemphasis on modularity. The functional requirements on theproduct are analysed and technical solutions are selected. Thisis followed by systematic generation and selection of modularconcepts, in which the Module Indication Matrix (MIM) is usedto identify possible modules by examining theinterrelationships between module drivers and technicalsolutions. The expected effects of the redesign can beestimated and an evaluation can be carried out for each modularconcept.MFD has been used in a number of real industrial cases ofwhich five are discussed in this thesis. MFD does not replaceor exclude the use of successfully applied, Design forManufacture and Assembly methods (DFM/DFA/DFMA), butcomplements, reduces the shortcomings of, and reinforces theimpact of these methods.Keywords:Product modules, modular design, modularity,variety, DFX, design evaluation, assembly system.
Binding site of brefeldin A at the interface between the small G protein ADP-ribosylation factor 1 (ARF1) and the nucleotide-exchange factor Sec7 domain (2000)

Sec7 domains (Sec7d) catalyze the exchange of guanine nucleotide on ARFs. Recent studies indicated that brefeldin A (BFA) inhibits Sec7d-catalyzed nucleotide exchange on ARF1 in an uncompetitive manner by trapping an early intermediate of the reaction: a complex between GDP-bound ARF1 and Sec7d. Using (3)H-labeled BFA, we show that BFA binds to neither isolated Sec7d nor isolated ARF1-GDP, but binds to the transitory Sec7d-ARF1-GDP complex and stabilizes it. Two pairs of residues at positions 190-191 and 198-208 (Arno numbering) in Sec7d contribute equally to the stability of BFA binding, which is also sensitive to mutation of H80 in ARF1. The catalytic glutamic (E156) residue of Sec7d is not necessary for BFA binding. In contrast, BFA does not bind to the intermediate catalytic complex between nucleotide-free ARF1 and Sec7d. These results suggest that, on initial docking steps between ARF1-GDP and Sec7d, BFA inserts like a wedge between the switch II region of ARF1-GDP and a surface encompassing residues 190-208, at the border of the characteristic hydrophobic groove of Sec7d. Bound BFA would prevent the switch regions of ARF1-GDP from reorganizing and forming tighter contacts with Sec7d and thereby would maintain the bound GDP of ARF1 at a distance from the catalytic glutamic finger of Sec7d.
My Brother's Face. by Dhan Gopal Mukerji. pp. 288. Butterworth. (1926)

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Cooperative diversity for wireless fading channels without channel state information (2005)

Relaying and cooperative diversity allow multiple wireless radios to effectively share their antennas and create a virtual antenna array, thereby leveraging the spatial diversity benefits of multiple-input, multiple-output (MIMO) antenna systems. This paper examines the benefits of cooperative diversity for scenarios in which the receivers cannot exploit accurate channel state information (CSI). In particular, noncoherent demodulation is explored for two classes of relay processing, namely, detect-and-forward and amplify-and-forward. A complete maximum likelihood (ML) framework for noncoherent demodulation is developed for detect-and-forward, and is shown to naturally extend the corresponding framework for coherent demodulation. By contrast, the intractability of ML demodulation for noncoherent amplify-and-forward is demonstrated, suggesting a disconnect from the well-developed framework for coherent demodulation. Simulation results exhibit the diversity benefits of the detect-and-forward algorithms.
Effects of  <i>Asparagus officinalis</i>  Extracts on Liver Cell Toxicity and Ethanol Metabolism (2009)

Asparagus officinalis is a vegetable that is widely consumed worldwide and has also long been used as a herbal medicine for the treatment of several diseases. Although A. officinalis is generally regarded as a supplement for the alleviation of alcohol hangover, little is known about its effects on cell metabolism. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the constituents of the young shoots and the leaves of asparagus and to compare their biochemical properties. The amino acid and inorganic mineral contents were found to be much higher in the leaves than the shoots. In addition, treatment of HepG2 human hepatoma cells with the leaf extract suppressed more than 70% of the intensity of hydrogen peroxide (1 mM)-stimulated DCF fluorescence, a marker of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Cellular toxicities induced by treatment with hydrogen peroxide, ethanol, or tetrachloride carbon (CCl(4)) were also significantly alleviated in response to treatment with the extracts of A. officinalis leaves and shoots. Additionally, the activities of 2 key enzymes that metabolize ethanol, alcohol dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase, were upregulated by more than 2-fold in response to treatment with the leaf- and shoot extracts. Taken together, these results provide biochemical evidence of the method by which A. officinalis exerts its biological functions, including the alleviation of alcohol hangover and the protection of liver cells against toxic insults. Moreover, the results of this study indicate that portions of asparagus that are typically discarded, such as the leaves, have therapeutic use.
Comparison of Mechanisms of Interaction between Protein A from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> and Human Monoclonal IgG, IgA and IgM in Relation to the Classical Fcγ and the Alternative F(ab')<sub>2</sub>γ Protein A Interactions (1981)

Four purified human monoclonal IgG, IgA and IgM proteins were tested for their inhibitory effect on the binding of protein-A-reactive 125I-IgE and 125I-Fc gamma, respectively, to protein-A-Sepharose. Only IgG myeloma proteins significantly inhibited the binding of 125I-Fc gamma to protein-A-Sepharose, whereas most, but not all, myeloma proteins, irrespective of their immunoglobulin class and with varying efficiency, inhibited the binding of protein-A-reactive 125I-IgE to protein-A-Sepharose. The inhibitory effect of IgG and IgA proteins on the binding of protein-A-reactive 125I-IgE was retained in the respective F(ab')2 fragments, whereas the inhibitory effect of IgG proteins on the binding of 125I-Fc gamma to protein-A-Sepharose was exclusively expressed in the Fc gamma fragment. In addition to the classical Fc gamma-protein A interaction, the results indicate the existence of a common and variably expressed protein A reactivity in at least four of five human immunoglobulins. The data suggest that an interaction with protein A cannot be used as a criterion for subclass differentiation of IgA and IgM.