gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A microprogrammable parallel architecture for DSP (2002)

The implementation of a parallel architecture for DSP is mandatory for the high performance execution of many real time digital signal processing algorithms. On the other hand, coarse grain parallel architectures are useful only for the algorithms that do not need an intensive data exchange among processors and suffer poor flexibility. The parallel architecture described in the paper allows most of the DSP algorithms to be efficiently mapped onto a mono- or bi-dimensional processor array. Moreover the system architecture can be specialized by changing directly the control flow of each node in the array: after the configuration phase each node works independently without any further instruction fetching (the algorithm is not translated in a sequence of standard operations, but it is directly mapped in the control unit of each node). The keypoint of the system is the capability of microprogramming each node of the architecture so that the specific algorithm can be split into elementary part, optimally mapped onto a generic computation node.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Context-enabled B2B Collaborations (2007)

Traditional ways of collaboration among enterprises are no longer adequate and efficient due to increasingly short cycle times and constantly changing business circumstances. Companies compete as value chains using Business-to-Business (B2B) collaborations based on infocomm technologies, in particular the Internet. Most B2B collaborations are typically long term and static but are pushing towards short term and dynamic connectivity. This paper introduces a context-aware framework to support such short and dynamic B2B collaborations. In this framework, context information in terms of the user (company), temporal and location information is then used to match of suitable services to realize the business processes formed for B2B collaborations. An initial implementation of this approach is presented together with proposed improvements.
Nanosecond-to-femtosecond laser-induced breakdown in dielectrics (1996)

We report extensive laser-induced damage threshold measurements on dielectric materials at wavelengths of 1053 and 526 nm for pulse durations $\ensuremath{\tau}$ ranging from 140 fs to 1 ns. Qualitative differences in the morphology of damage and a departure from the diffusion-dominated ${\ensuremath{\tau}}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ scaling of the damage fluence indicate that damage occurs from ablation for $\ensuremath{\tau}<~10$ ps and from conventional melting, boiling, and fracture for $\ensuremath{\tau}>50$ ps. We find a decreasing threshold fluence associated with a gradual transition from the long-pulse, thermally dominated regime to an ablative regime dominated by collisional and multiphoton ionization, and plasma formation. A theoretical model based on electron production via multiphoton ionization, Joule heating, and collisional (avalanche) ionization is in quantitative agreement with the experimental results.
Maximum efficiency and output of class-F power amplifiers (2001)

A class-F power amplifier (PA) improves efficiency and power-output capability (over that of class A) by using selected harmonics to shape its drain-voltage and drain-current waveforms. Typically, one waveform (e.g., voltage) approximates a square wave, while the other (e.g., current) approximates a half sine wave. The output power and efficiency of an ideal class-F PA can be related to the Fourier coefficients of the waveforms, and Fourier coefficients for maximally flat waveforms have been determined. This paper extends that theory by determining the coefficients for the maximum power and efficiency possible in a class-F PA with a given set of controlled harmonics.
Effects of sol-gel PZT film thickness and electrode structure on the electrical behavior of Pt/PZT/Pt capacitors (2002)

Sol-gel derived lead zirconate titanate (PZT) films were deposited and crystallized on platinized Si/SiO/sub 2/ and Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ wafer substrates in the film thickness range of 500-7000 /spl Aring/. Electrical testing was conducted to evaluate the effect of PZT film thickness on capacitor performance. Optical microscopy and AFM data were used to identify factors which might cause shorting in crystallized PZT films. Thin films of Ti or TiO/sub x/ were used for Pt bottom and top electrode adhesion in the substrate/Pt/PZT/Pt structured device. The effect of these adhesion layers has been investigated for several electrode composites. The fatigue behavior of these devices has been analyzed and compared.
Specific binding of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag-derived proteins to a 5' HIV-1 genomic RNA sequence (1996)

We developed an in vitro binding assay to study the specific interaction between human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA and the Gag polyprotein. Binding of the in vitro-expressed protein to in vitro-transcribed RNA was determined by altered migration of the protein in polyacrylamide gels. We found that a Gag precursor lacking the matrix domain bound specifically to HIV-1 RNA, while deletion of both matrix and capsid domains diminished the specificity of binding. Among several regions of HIV-1 RNA tested, strongest binding was seen with the 5'-most 261 nucleotides, while antisense RNA from the same region did not bind.
A simple quasi-static determination of basic parameters of multilayer microstrip and coplanar waveguide (1992)

Two generalized multilayer transmission lines are investigated: microstrip lines (MSL) and asymmetrical coplanar waveguide (CPW). The conformal mapping method is used to obtain simple analytical expressions for quasi-TEM effective permittivity of these structures. Accuracy of derived generalized formulas is verified for any special case of multilayer structures.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mask topography effect with polarization at hyper NA (2006)

As ArF immersion lithography is adopted beyond the 45 nm node, the minimum mask feature size will become equal to or smaller than the wavelength of the light. For such situations, polarization by the mask will play a very important role on imaging quality. In addition, TM and TE diffraction efficiencies for very narrow grating masks will depend significantly on the mask materials. Also, they are affected by variations of absorber thickness, sidewall angle and material optical properties. In this paper, we investigate how the aquatic images with unpolarized and properly polarized illumination on binary image masks, attenuated phase shift masks (attPSM) and alternating aperture phase shift masks (altPSM) are affected by those mask parameters, using rigorous electro-magnetic field simulator. In terms of mask topography effects, there are some difficulties with phase shift mask technology with unpolarized illumination beyond 45 nm node. We will need to control absorber thickness within 2.6% for attPSM with unpolarized illumination and sidewall angle of π-shifter trenches within 1 degree for altPSM with unpolarized illumination.
Studies on the Metabolism of Arthrobacter globiformis (1960)

SUMMARY: A strain of Arthrobacter globiformis grew on a glucose + ammonium + salts medium (pH 7) when this was supplemented with biotin (10−8 m). Maximal and most rapid growth was obtained by aerobic incubation in shaken culture at 30°. A variety of sugars, sugar alcohols, dicarboxylic acids, some amino acids and miscellaneous compounds could replace the glucose in this medium, but various aromatic compounds, purines, pyrimidines and other amino acids did not support growth, though several of these substances were oxidized by washed suspensions. The organism was an obligate aerobe whose terminal electron transport was mediated by a cytochrome system. Enzymic analysis showed that glucose could be metabolized by the hexose monophosphate oxidation and Embden-Meyerhof pathways. No direct oxidation of glucose to gluconic and 2-oxogluconic acids, and no Entner-Dou- doroff pathway for the utilization of 6-phosphogluconate were demonstrable. Studies with differently [14C]-labelled samples of glucose confirmed these findings and showed that in suspensions of organisms depleted of endogenous metabolites, the Embden-Meyerhof pathway was fully functional, accounting for c. 65 % of glucose utilization, the remaining 35 % proceeding by way of the hexose monophosphate cycle. The pyruvate so formed was normally further oxidized by the tricarboxylic acid cycle. The growth yield of A. globiformis on limiting amounts of glucose was no greater than that of Escherichia coli under the same condition. These observations are considered in relation to the allocation of A. globiformis in the autochthonous group of soil micro-organisms.
Autologous stem cell transplantation in acute myocardial infarction: The ASTAMI randomized controlled trial. Intracoronary transplantation of autologous mononuclear bone marrow cells, study design and safety aspects (2005)

Intracoronary transplantation of autologous mBMC in the acute phase after AMI is feasible and seems safe in the short term.
Crosslinking of chlorine-containing polymers by dicyclopentadiene dicarboxylic salts (2000)

Alkali- and alkali-earth-metal salts of dicyclopentadiene dicarboxylic acid (DCPDCA) were prepared and employed as crosslinkers for chlorine-containing polymers such as polychloromethylstyrene (PCMS), chlorinated polypropylene (CPP), polyepichlorohydrin (PECH), and poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC). Thermally reversible covalent crosslinks (i.e., DCPD bridges) between polymer chains were generated through esterification between the chlorine–carbon bonds of the polymer and the carboxylic salt groups of the crosslinker. The crosslinking reactivity decreased in the following sequence: K > Na > LiDCPDCA > alkali-earth-metal salts of DCPDCA. In addition, PCMS and CPP had higher gelation rates than PECH and PVC. Good flowability at about 195 °C and solubility in maleimide-containing dichlorobenzene on heating indicated that the crosslinked PCMS and CPP exhibited thermally reversible crosslinking because of dimer/monomer (cyclopentadiene) conversion of DCPD moieties via reversible Diels–Alder cycloaddition. Samples of PECH and PVC crosslinked by the alkali salts of DCPDCA were insoluble even when heated in maleimide-containing dichlorobenzene. However, these crosslinked polymers could be dissolved partially after the same treatment when the crosslinker was an alkali-earth-metal salt of DCPDCA. Thermal degradation such as dehydrochlorination of the PECH and PVC might have been responsible for uncontrolled crosslinking because these two polymers are known to be thermally unstable. The unreacted COOK, COONa, or COOLi of the crosslinkers might have initiated base-induced dehydrochlorination when PECH and PVC were heated at high temperatures. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 818–825, 2000
MLL Becomes Functional through Intra-Molecular Interaction Not by Proteolytic Processing (2013)

The mixed lineage leukemia (MLL) protein is an epigenetic transcriptional regulator that controls proliferative expansion of immature hematopoietic progenitors, whose aberrant activation triggers leukemogenesis. A mature MLL protein is produced by formation of an intra-molecular complex and proteolytic cleavage. However the biological significance of these two post-transcriptional events remains unclear. To address their in vivo roles, mouse mutant alleles were created that exclusively express either a variant protein incapable of intra-molecular interaction (designated de) or an uncleavable mutant protein (designated uc). The de homozygous mice died during midgestation and manifested devastating failure in embryonic development and reduced numbers of hematopoietic progenitors, whereas uc homozygous mice displayed no apparent defects. Expression of MLL target genes was severely impaired in de homozygous fibroblasts but unaffected in uc homozygous fibroblasts. These results unequivocally demonstrate that intra-molecular complex formation is a crucial maturation step whereas proteolytic cleavage is dispensable for MLL-dependent gene activation and proliferation in vivo.
Nanostructured Photovoltaic Cell of the Type Titanium Dioxide, Cadmium Sulfide Thin Coating, and Copper Thiocyanate Showing High Quantum Efficiency (2006)

Nanostructured photovoltaic devices were fabricated using a porous n-type TiO2 film, a thin layer of CdS acting as the absorber, and a transparent p-type CuSCN filling the pores. The cell showed an internal quantum efficiency of ∼100% and significant cell efficiency of 1.3% at 1 sun, as well as high photovoltage (0.85 V) and a filling factor of 0.65. Though the cell concept was already proposed by others, this cell clearly shows a significant performance and it demonstrates the potentiality of such cells made with very thin absorber layers (<10−20 nm) and largely structured porous films (roughness factor >100). Description of component characterization and explanation of identified issues are presented.
Protein crystallography for non‐crystallographers, or how to get the best (but not more) from published macromolecular structures (2007)

The number of macromolecular structures deposited in the Protein Data Bank now exceeds 45,000, with the vast majority determined using crystallographic methods. Thousands of studies describing such structures have been published in the scientific literature, and 14 Nobel prizes in chemistry or medicine have been awarded to protein crystallographers. As important as these structures are for understanding the processes that take place in living organisms and also for practical applications such as drug design, many non-crystallographers still have problems with critical evaluation of the structural literature data. This review attempts to provide a brief outline of technical aspects of crystallography and to explain the meaning of some parameters that should be evaluated by users of macromolecular structures in order to interpret, but not over-interpret, the information present in the coordinate files and in their description. A discussion of the extent of the information that can be gleaned from the coordinates of structures solved at different resolution, as well as problems and pitfalls encountered in structure determination and interpretation are also covered.
Java object header elimination for reduced memory consumption in 64-bit virtual machines (2007)

Memory performance is an important design issue for contemporary computer systems given the huge processor/memory speed gap. This paper proposes a space-efficient Java object model for reducing the memory consumption of 64-bit Java virtual machines. We completely eliminate the object header through typed virtual addressing (TVA) or implicit typing. TVA encodes the object type in the object's virtual address by allocating all objects of a given type in a contiguous memory segment. This allows for removing the type information as well as the status field from the object header. Whenever type and status information is needed, masking is applied to the object's virtual address for obtaining an offset into type and status information structures. Unlike previous work on implicit typing, we apply TVA to a selected number of frequently allocated object types, hence, the name selective TVA (STVA); this limits the amount of memory fragmentation. In addition to applying STVA, we also compress the type information block (TIB) pointers for all objects that do not fall under TVA. We implement the space-efficient Java object model in the 64-bit version of the Jikes RVM on an AIX IBM platform and compare its performance against the traditionally used Java object model using a multitude of Java benchmarks. We conclude that the space-efficient Java object model reduces memory consumption by on average 15% (and up to 45% for some benchmarks). About one-half the reduction comes from TIB pointer compression; the other one-half comes from STVA. In terms of performance, the space-efficient object model generally does not affect performance; however, for some benchmarks we observe statistically significant performance speedups, up to 20%.
Speculative improvements to verifiable bounds check elimination (2008)

As a safety measure, the Java programming language requires bounds checking of array accesses. This usually translates to dynamic checks each time an array element is accessed. Static analysis can help eliminate some of those checks by proving them to be redundant, reducing the runtime overhead. Compilation of Java programs is usually method-based, and dynamic dispatch complicates interprocedural analysis. The result is a severely restricted static analysis. This paper presents a novel combination of two techniques to alleviate this problem. By assuming constraints that cannot safely be inferred from the program, the amount of provable safe bounds can be greatly extended. These constraints, called speculations, can be derived automatically from the program code by an analyzer, which assumes that there will be no violation of the array bounds. To ensure that the speculations hold at runtime, additional checks have to be injected into the code. Finding good speculations that benefit the runtime performance can be expensive. This paper shows that the speculation technique can be combined with a verifiable annotation framework, allowing most of the work to be shifted to compile-time. Experimental results show that this combination of techniques increases the number of eliminated bounds checks and can result in speedups that approach unconditional bounds check removal.
Total Scattering Cross Section and Spin Motion of Low Energy Electrons Passing through a Ferromagnet (1998)

It is shown that the spin asymmetry of the elastic transmission of electrons through ferromagnetic films can approach unity. The polycrystalline Co films are a few nanometers thick and saturated with the magnetization $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{M}$ in the plane. The contribution of spin-productive scattering events is below $5%$. If the electron spin at incidence is chosen to be perpendicular to $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{M}$, it rotates into the direction of $\stackrel{\ensuremath{\rightarrow}}{M}$ and also precesses around it.
Induction of glycinebetaine uptake into Xenopus oocytes by injection of poly(A)+ RNA from renal cells exposed to high extracellular NaCl (1991)

Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells accumulate glycinebetaine via Na(+)-dependent transport in response to hypertonic stress. When extracellular tonicity is increased by the addition of NaCl, Vmax for glycinebetaine transport increases without an associated change in Km, consistent with an increase in the number of functioning transporters. To test whether increased transport activity results from increased gene expression, we injected poly(A)+ RNA (mRNA) from MDCK cells into Xenopus oocytes and assayed for glycinebetaine uptake in ovo. RNA-induced Na(+)-dependent uptake is observed in oocytes injected with mRNA from cells exposed to high extracellular NaCl, but not in oocytes injected with either water or mRNA from cells maintained in isotonic medium. Unfractionated mRNA induces glycinebetaine uptake in ovo at a rate which is approximately 3-fold higher than in water-injected controls. Size-fractionated mRNA (median size 2.8 kilobases) induces uptake at a rate which is approximately 7-fold higher than controls. Such RNA-induced transport activity in ovo is consistent with heterologous expression of Na(+)/glucinebetaine cotransporters encoded by renal mRNA. Increased transporter mRNA in cells exposed to hypertonicity probably underlies the pattern of expression observed in ovo. This can account for the observed rise in MDCK cell glycinebetaine transport during hypertonic stress.
Quantification of Oxidative DNA Lesions in Tissues of Long-Evans Cinnamon Rats by Capillary High-Performance Liquid Chromatography−Tandem Mass Spectrometry Coupled with Stable Isotope-Dilution Method (2011)

The purpose of our study was to develop suitable methods to quantify oxidative DNA lesions in the setting of transition metal-related diseases. Transition metal-driven Fenton reactions constitute an important endogenous source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In genetic diseases with accumulation of transition metal ions, excessive ROS production causes pathophysiological changes, including DNA damage. Wilson's disease is an autosomal recessive disorder with copper toxicosis due to deficiency of ATP7B protein needed for excreting copper into bile. The Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat bears a deletion in Atp7b gene and serves as an excellent model for hepatic Wilson's disease. We used a sensitive capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS/MS) method in conjunction with the stable isotope-dilution technique to quantify several types of oxidative DNA lesions in the liver and brain of LEC rats. These lesions included 5-formyl-2'-deoxyuridine, 5-hydroxymethyl-2'-deoxyuridine, and the 5'R and 5'S diastereomers of 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyguanosine and 8,5'-cyclo-2'-deoxyadenosine. Moreover, the levels of these DNA lesions in the liver and brain increased with age and correlated with age-dependent regulation of the expression of DNA repair genes in LEC rats. These results provide significant new knowledge for better understanding the implications of oxidative DNA lesions in transition metal-induced diseases, such as Wilson's disease, as well as in aging and aging-related pathological conditions.
Polycondensed nitrogen heterocycles. IX. 5,6‐dihydro‐7<i>H</i>‐pyrrolo[1,2‐<i>d</i>][1,4]benzodiazepin‐6‐one (1980)

Abstract The reaction of amino derivative I with bromoacetyl bromide led to the formation of a complex mixture from which, in addition to the title compound, which was formed in low yield, compounds III, IV and VI were separated. Pyrrolo[1,2‐ d ][1,4]benzodiazepine V was obtained in 85% yield when the bromoamide III was treated with an equimolar amount of potassium t ‐butoxide.
Deadhead Selection for the Long-Haul Crew Pairing Problem (1995)

The long-haul crew pairing problem involves the assignment of crews to scheduled flights such that overall costs are minimized and crew availability and work rule restrictions are satisfied. These problems are characterized by international flights that typically do not operate on a daily schedule, resulting in a sparsity of flights and extended periods of inactivity for crews at some stations. To eliminate these extended rest periods and reduce overall costs, it is advantageous in some cases to deadhead crews, that is, to assign crews to flights as passengers for repositioning and better utilization. In this paper, a heuristic methodology is developed to improve crew pairing solutions through the efficient selection and utilization of deadhead flights. The methodology uses the dual solutions determined in solving the linear programming relaxation of the crew pairing problem to build arrival and departure profiles at each station. These profiles provide a mechanism to price-out potential deadhead flights. Flights that price-out favorably may be used to build improved solutions to the crew pairing problem. The Deadhead Selection Procedure is tested using data provided by a long-haul airline and is shown to achieve significant improvement in crew costs by reducing the total number of deadhead hours flown and by reducing the total duration of rest periods.