gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mutations in the Gene Encoding Cystatin B in Progressive Myoclonus Epilepsy (EPM1) (1996)

Progressive myoclonus epilepsy of the Unverricht-Lundborg type (EPM1) is an autosomal recessive inherited form of epilepsy, previously linked to human chromosome 21q22.3. The gene encoding cystatin B was shown to be localized to this region, and levels of messenger RNA encoded by this gene were found to be decreased in cells from affected individuals. Two mutations, a 3' splice site mutation and a stop codon mutation, were identified in the gene encoding cystatin B in EPM1 patients but were not present in unaffected individuals. These results provide evidence that mutations in the gene encoding cystatin B are responsible for the primary defect in patients with EPM1.
Spontaneous chemiluminescence of human breath. Spectrum, lifetime, temporal distribution, and correlation with peroxide. (1983)

Human breath spontaneously emits photons at a rate of approximately 7,000/liter-s. The emission has a peak in the red part of the spectrum and an ultraviolet contribution. The emission count rate correlates with peroxide concentration in a saturating manner under normal breathing conditions. When trapped in a balloon, the breath luminescence count rate has a half-decay time of approximately 20 min and exhibits more than one mode of decay. The photomultiplier pulses generated by breath luminescence arrive in bursts. The chemiluminescence process appears by these criteria to include chain reactions, long-lived emitters, or both.
An improved approach for the synthesis of α,α-dialkyl glycine derivatives by the Ugi–Passerini reactionElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: spectroscopic data for compounds 1-5. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/ob/b2/b212473b/ (2003)

A general and simple strategy for routine peptide synthesis with alpha,alpha-dialkyl glycines taking advantage of the four-component Ugi-Passerini reaction is presented. The isonitrile required for the reaction can be relatively simple and its selection based on cost, as the group it generates is easily removed under acidic conditions: in addition, this removal is not visibly affected by the bulkiness of the alpha-alkyl groups. Being a good leaving group from the N-terminal amino group of the amino acid, 4-methoxybenzyl was the choice for the amine component of the reaction. The method is illustrated with the synthesis of a series of acyl derivatives of several alpha,alpha-dialkyl glycines. The preparation of the latter compounds is also reported.
Time‐domain microfluidic fluorescence lifetime flow cytometry for high‐throughput <scp>F</scp>örster resonance energy transfer screening (2014)

Sensing ion or ligand concentrations, physico-chemical conditions, and molecular dimerization or conformation change is possible by assays involving fluorescent lifetime imaging. The inherent low throughput of imaging impedes rigorous statistical data analysis on large cell numbers. We address this limitation by developing a fluorescence lifetime-measuring flow cytometer for fast fluorescence lifetime quantification in living or fixed cell populations. The instrument combines a time-correlated single photon counting epifluorescent microscope with microfluidics cell-handling system. The associated computer software performs burst integrated fluorescence lifetime analysis to assign fluorescence lifetime, intensity, and burst duration to each passing cell. The maximum safe throughput of the instrument reaches 3,000 particles per minute. Living cells expressing spectroscopic rulers of varying peptide lengths were distinguishable by Förster resonant energy transfer measured by donor fluorescence lifetime. An epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulation assay demonstrated the technique's capacity to selectively quantify EGF receptor phosphorylation in cells, which was impossible by measuring sensitized emission on a standard flow cytometer. Dual-color fluorescence lifetime detection and cell-specific chemical environment sensing were exemplified using di-4-ANEPPDHQ, a lipophilic environmentally sensitive dye that exhibits changes in its fluorescence lifetime as a function of membrane lipid order. To our knowledge, this instrument opens new applications in flow cytometry which were unavailable due to technological limitations of previously reported fluorescent lifetime flow cytometers. The presented technique is sensitive to lifetimes of most popular fluorophores in the 0.5-5 ns range including fluorescent proteins and is capable of detecting multi-exponential fluorescence lifetime decays. This instrument vastly enhances the throughput of experiments involving fluorescence lifetime measurements, thereby providing statistically significant quantitative data for analysis of large cell populations. © 2014 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry.
LiDAR point clouds correction acquired from a moving car based on CAN-bus data (2017)

In this paper, we investigate the impact of different kind of car trajectories on LiDAR scans. In fact, LiDAR scanning speeds are considerably slower than car speeds introducing distortions. We propose a method to overcome this issue as well as new metrics based on CAN bus data. Our results suggest that the vehicle trajectory should be taken into account when building 3D large-scale maps from a LiDAR mounted on a moving vehicle.
Protective effects of estrogen in a rat model of age-related cataracts (1999)

Women have a higher incidence of cataracts, and epidemiologic data suggest that the increased risk may be caused by a lack of estrogen in postmenopausal years. We have examined the effects of estrogen on methylnitrosourea (MNU)-induced cataractogenesis in Sprague-Dawley rats. Animals were ovariectomized, injected with MNU, and treated with estradiol or estrone by a continuous-release, subcutaneous Silastic implant, or they received an empty Silastic implant (no hormone). In the no-hormone group, rats developed opaque lenses approximately 6 months after MNU treatment. By 8 months, 74% (14/19) of the no-hormone rats had evident opacity in one or both eyes by simple gross inspection; 58% (22/38) of the eyes in this group were opaque. Estradiol or estrone treatment reduced the incidence of cataractous eyes to 12% or 25%, respectively. Lenses were examined under a dissecting microscope for light transmission. The lenses of the group treated with no hormone had light transmission of 26% +/- 9.2%, whereas lenses from the estradiol-treated animals had light transmission of 72% +/- 5.8%. Histological examination revealed that the anterior cortices of the opaque lenses were disrupted and showed the hallmark signs of age-related cataracts; in addition, some eyes that appeared clear by macroscopic examination showed the early histologic signs of cataractogenesis. It was demonstrated with reverse transcription-PCR that lens cells express both alpha and beta types of estrogen receptor, suggesting that the protective effects of the hormones may be a direct, receptor-mediated phenomenon. Thus, the MNU-treated, ovariectomized rat serves as a model for age-related cataractogenesis, and observation of a clear protective effect of estrogens in this system supports the implications of epidemiologic data.
Detection method for surface scratches of composite automotive components with high reflection and complicated background color (2022)

Abstract Current testing status have the problems that the surface background color pattern of high reflective carbon fiber auto parts is complex, the shape of scratch defects is irregular, and the shallow and micro scratches are not easy to be detected. Aiming at the problems, a scratch detection method combining innovative morphological processing and optimized Canny edge detection algorithm is proposed. The image acquired by an innovative image acquisition platform. After gray processing and open operation denoising, the self-defined oval kernel secondary expansion is introduced in the morphological processing part. When threshold segmentation and minimum connected domain screening are done, the optimized Canny edge detection algorithm is used. Through the non-maximum suppression of gradient amplitude, a wide range of dual-threshold parameters are selected to detect the edge of the target image. The results show that the detection rate of the proposed method is 18.57% higher than that of the traditional way, and the detection rate is up to 95.71%. At the same time, the proposed method can reflect the scratch morphology more intuitively.
Edge Weight Prediction in Weighted Signed Networks (2016)

Weighted signed networks (WSNs) are networks in which edges are labeled with positive and negative weights. WSNs can capture like/dislike, trust/distrust, and other social relationships between people. In this paper, we consider the problem of predicting the weights of edges in such networks. We propose two novel measures of node behavior: the goodness of a node intuitively captures how much this node is liked/trusted by other nodes, while the fairness of a node captures how fair the node is in rating other nodes' likeability or trust level. We provide axioms that these two notions need to satisfy and show that past work does not meet these requirements for WSNs. We provide a mutually recursive definition of these two concepts and prove that they converge to a unique solution in linear time. We use the two measures to predict the edge weight in WSNs. Furthermore, we show that when compared against several individual algorithms from both the signed and unsigned social network literature, our fairness and goodness metrics almost always have the best predictive power. We then use these as features in different multiple regression models and show that we can predict edge weights on 2 Bitcoin WSNs, an Epinions WSN, 2 WSNs derived from Wikipedia, and a WSN derived from Twitter with more accurate results than past work. Moreover, fairness and goodness metrics form the most significant feature for prediction in most (but not all) cases.
A New Modification of the Friedländer Synthesis via <i>ortho</i>-Dilithiated <i>N</i>-Pivaloylanilines (1997)

Formylation of ortho-dilithiated N-pivaloylanilines followed by treatment with carbonyl compounds and KHMDS affords 3- or 2,3-substituted quinoline derivatives in a one-pot reaction.
Shape groups of the electronic isodensity surfaces for small molecules: Shapes of 10‐electron hydrides (1993)

Abstract An algorithm for a detailed 3‐D characterization of the shapes of molecular charge distributions is implemented in the form of a comprehensive package of computer programs, GSHAPE, and applied to a series of 10‐electron hydrides to critically evaluate the methodology. Attention is paid to the effects of nuclear geometry and the size of basis on the molecular shape. The characterization is performed by computing a number of topological invariants (“shape groups”) associated with a continuum of molecular surfaces: the complete family of all electronic isodensity contours for the given molecules. These shape groups (the homology groups of truncated surfaces derived from isodensity contours) depend on two continuous parameters: a density value defining the density contour and a reference curvature value, to which the local curvatures of the isodensity contours are compared. The electronic charge distribution is calculated at the ab initio level using basis sets ranging from STO‐3G to 6‐31G**. No visual inspection is required for the characterization and comparison of shapes of molecular charge densities, as these are done algorithmically by the computer. However, visualization of the results is one option of our program using Application Visualization Software (AVS). For a given molecule, in a given nuclear geometry, the technique provides a 2‐D shape map, displaying the distribution of the shape gruops as a function of the local curvature and the level set value (the value of the charge density at the contour). The computer program GSHAPE performs the analysis automatically. This feature makes it potentially useful in the context of computer‐aided drug design, where unbiased, automated shape characterization methods are valuable tools. As examples, a variety of 2‐D shape maps are discussed. © John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Network-centric context-aware service over integrated wlan and gprs networks (2004)

In order to bring together the higher speed of WLAN and the wider coverage of GPRS, solution from service's perspective is necessary. And this kind of integrated service should be context-aware in order to automatically adapt itself to the changing environment. This paper proposes to explore the applicability of using network-centric context-aware service to integrate WLAN and GPRS network environments. Starting from typical scenario description and requirement analysis, a policy-based context model is presented, which takes into account the real implementation of context-aware service in the underlying networks. A context-aware service scenario called modern professor is explored to exemplify this methodology based on the policy-based context-aware service system architecture.
Stable Silver Clusters and Nanoparticles Prepared in Polyacrylate and Inverse Micellar Solutions (2000)

Silver clusters and nanoparticles were prepared by reduction of silver nitrate by sodium borohydride in water, in the presence of polyacrylate ions, and in inverse micellar solutions consisting of Laureth 4 and water. The kinetics of formation of Ag42+ aggregates and Ag9+ in the presence of polyacrylate ions could be observed by the stopped-flow technique, and the characteristic UV absorption spectra of the respective stable clusters were recorded. The formation of these species was critically dependent on the manner in which reactants were combined. The silver nanoparticles prepared in the inverse micellar solutions using different mixing procedures were characterized via UV−vis spectra, dynamic light scattering, and transmission electron microscopy. The results showed that the procedure of adding aqueous sodium borohydride solution into the inverse micellar solution containing silver nitrate gave the most uniform spherical silver nanoparticles. The reaction kinetics of this procedure was investigated through UV−vis spectra, which indicated that the generation of silver nanoparticles occurred in parallel with the disappearance of smaller clusters, and was characterized by a single exponential with a time constant of about 18 s, followed by aggregation into much larger particles.
An RSFQ variable duty cycle oscillator for driving a superconductive qubit (2003)

We design an RSFQ oscillator with a variable duty cycle to drive a superconductive qubit. This design has been optimized to minimize the decoherence when coupled to the superconductive persistent current qubit. A continuous RSFQ ring oscillator reads the contents of a Non-Destructive Read Out memory cell. By using two out-of-phase counters to Set and Reset the cell, we can vary the duty cycle of the pulses read from the memory cell. This train of flux quanta is filtered, then used to drive the persistent current qubit. The precision is sufficient to measure relaxation time and possibly Rabi oscillations.
Media and Violence. Closing one Door: Opening Another (1987)

Summary This article sets the debate about the effects of media violence in the context of broader media research. A direct and simple ‘cause and effect’ model between media violence and violence in society does not stand up to scrutiny. It relies on an obsolete model of media influence which stands outside current, theoretical developments in mass communication research. It has diverted attention away from more relevant accounts which see the media as having ‘a primary function’ of ‘legitimation and maintenance of authority’. These suggest a no less powerful but infinitely more subtle model of media influence which finds wide support in other areas of mass communication research. Ironically, since popular debate about media violence has been – and still is – based almost exclusively upon experimental research, it too seems to serve this same legitimation process.
Sox2-Mediated Regulation of Adult Neural Crest Precursors and Skin Repair (2013)

Nerve-derived neural crest cells are essential for regeneration in certain animals, such as newts. Here, we asked whether they play a similar role during mammalian tissue repair, focusing on Sox2-positive neural crest precursors in skin. In adult skin, Sox2 was expressed in nerve-terminal-associated neural crest precursor cells (NCPCs) around the hair follicle bulge, and following injury was induced in nerve-derived cells, likely dedifferentiated Schwann cell precursors. At later times postinjury, Sox2-positive cells were scattered throughout the regenerating dermis, and lineage tracing showed that these were all neural-crest-derived NCPCs. These Sox2-positive NCPCs were functionally important, since acute deletion of Sox2 prior to injury caused a decrease of NCPCs in the wound and aberrant skin repair. These data demonstrate that Sox2 regulates skin repair, likely by controlling NCPCs, and raise the possibility that nerve-derived NCPCs may play a general role in mammalian tissue repair.
0.13-mu m CMOS phase shifters for X-, Ku-, and K-band phased arrays - eScholarship (2007)

Two 4-bit active phase shifters integrated with all digital control circuitry in 0.13-mu m RF CMOS technology are developed for X- and Ku-band (8-18 GHz) and K-band (18-26 GHz) phased arrays, respectively. The active digital phase shifters synthesize the required phase using a phase interpolation process by adding quadrature-phased input signals. The designs are based on a resonance-based quadrature all-pass filter for quadrature signaling with minimum loss and wide operation bandwidth. Both phase shifters can change phases with less than about 2 dB of RMS amplitude imbalance for all phase states through an associated DAC control. For the X- and Ku-band phase shifter, the RMS phase error is less than 10 degrees over the entire 5-18 GHz range. The average insertion loss ranges from -3 dB; to -0.2 dB at 5-20 GHz. The input P-1dB for all 4-bit phase states is typically - 5.4 +/- 1.3 dBm at 12 GHz in the X- and.Ku-band phase shifter. The K-band phase shifter exhibits 6.5-13 degrees of RMS phase error at 15-26 GHz. The average insertion loss is from -4.6 to -3 dB at 15-26 GHz. The input P-1dB of the K-band phase shifter is -0.8 +/- 1.1 dBm at 24 GHz. For both phase shifters, the core size excluding all the pads and the output 50 Omega matching circuits, inserted for measurement purpose only, is very small, 0.33 x 0.43 mm(2). The total current consumption is 5.8 mA in the X- and Ku-band phase shifter and 7.8 mA in the K-band phase shifter, from a 1.5 V supply voltage.
The Role of Nitric Oxide in the Cardiovascular Systema (1996)

Nitric oxide (NO) exerts various pathophysiological effects on the cardiovascular system; inhibition of platelet aggregation or leukocyte adhesion on endothelium and vasorelaxation including lethal hypotension in endotoxic shock. In spite of these significant roles of NO, its direct action on individual cardiovascular cells remains unclarified. Therefore, we have investigated the function of NO on cells which constitute vascular wall and heart, and have found this new evidence. 1) ATP increased intracellular ([Ca2+]i) in vascular endothelial cells (ECs) and decreased [Ca2+]i of adjacently cocultured vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), as detected by 2-D fura-2 image analysis. 2) The [Ca2+]i reduction in cocultured VSMCs with ECs by ATP was attenuated by pretreatment of several types of NO inhibitor, whereas the NO inhibitor potentiated the [Ca2+]i elevation in ECs, suggesting that NO affects VSMCs in a paracrine manner while ECs in an autocrine fashion. 3) Physiological concentration of lysophosphatidylcholine, which is an atherogenic constituent of oxidized LDL, but not native phosphatidylcholine, acted on ECs and VSMCs like a NO inhibitor, indicating that this material attenuates NO effect and disturbs vessel relaxation in the short term. 4) Highly efficient transfection of the ecNOS gene in rat heart showed a toxic effect on individual cardiomyocytes in vivo. In conclusion, NO may exert both beneficial and harmful effects on the cardiovascular system.
CALCIUM IONS AND CONTROL OF THE MOTILITY OF SEA URCHIN SPERMATOZOA (1974)

Summary. Both excess and insufficient calcium ions in the medium adversely affected the swimming performance of sea urchin spermatozoa. Sperm cells suspended in calcium-free artificial sea water swam at less than half the speed of those suspended in artificial sea water containing the optimum of 9 mmol CaCl2/1. Excess Ca2+ added to natural sea water decreased motility by 20 % at 36 mm (four times the normal amount) while the same amount of CaCl2 in artificial sea water depressed motility by 45%. The chelating agent, EGTA, caused greater depression than equivalent amounts of EDTA, though at millimolar concentration or higher both caused complete cessation of motility with the flagella in a rigidly extended position. If LaCl3 was added to artificial sea water containing 9 mm-CaCl2, it caused an even greater depression of motility. The effects were detectable at 50 nmol LaCl3/1 and complete inhibition occurred at 20 μmol/1. The flagella ceased beating in a coiled seemingly `relaxed' state. Sperm motility appears to require maintenance of Ca2+ gradients, reversible sequestration and release of Ca2+, and Ca2+-dependent metabolic regulation of the flagellar contractile system.
A Hi-CMOSII 8Kx8 bit static RAM (1982)

A Hi-CMOSII static RAM with 8K word by 8 bit organization has been developed. The RAM is fabricated using double polysilicon technology and p- and n-channel transistors having a typical gate polysilicon length of 2 /spl mu/m. The device was realized using low-power high-speed-oriented circuit design and a new redundancy circuit that utilizes laser diffusion programmable devices. The new RAM has an address access time of 65 ns, operating power dissipation of 200 mW, and standby dissipation of 10 /spl mu/W.
A Passively Suspended Tesla Pump Left Ventricular Assist Device (2009)

The design and initial test results of a new passively suspended Tesla type left ventricular assist device blood pump are described. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis was used in the design of the pump. Overall size of the prototype device is 50 mm in diameter and 75 mm in length. The pump rotor has a density lower than that of blood and when spinning inside the stator in blood it creates a buoyant centering force that suspends the rotor in the radial direction. The axial magnetic force between the rotor and stator restrain the rotor in the axial direction. The pump is capable of pumping up to 10 L/min at a 70 mm Hg head rise at 8,000 revolutions per minute (RPM). The pump has demonstrated a normalized index of hemolysis level below 0.02 mg/dL for flows between 2 and 9.7 L/min. An inlet pressure sensor has also been incorporated into the inlet cannula wall and will be used for control purposes. One initial in vivo study showed an encouraging result. Further CFD modeling refinements are planned and endurance testing of the device.