gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improved Chemical Synthesis and Demonstration of the Relaxin Receptor Binding Affinity and Biological Activity of Mouse Relaxin (2007)

The primary stored and circulating form of relaxin in humans, human gene-2 (H2) relaxin, has potent antifibrotic properties with rapidly occurring efficacy. However, when administered to experimental models of fibrosis, H2 relaxin can only be applied over short-term (2-4 week) periods, due to rodents mounting an antibody response to the exogenous human relaxin, resulting in delayed clearance and, hence, increased and variable circulating levels. To overcome this problem, the current study investigated the therapeutic potential of mouse relaxin over long-term exposure in vivo. Mouse relaxin is unique among the known relaxins in that it possesses an extra residue within the C-terminal region of its A-chain. To enable a detailed assessment of its receptor interaction and biological properties, it was chemically synthesized in good overall yield by the separate preparation of each of its A- and B-chains followed by regioselective formation of each of the intramolecular and two intermolecular disulfide bonds. Murine relaxin was shown to bind with high affinity to the human, mouse, and rat RXFP1 (primary relaxin) receptor but with a slightly lower affinity to that of H2 relaxin. When administered to relaxin-deficient mice (which undergo an age-dependent progression of organ fibrosis) over a 4 month treatment period, mouse relaxin was able to significantly inhibit the progression of collagen accumulation in several organs including the lung, kidney, testis, and skin (all p < 0.05 vs untreated group), consistent with the actions of H2 relaxin. These combined data demonstrate that mouse relaxin can effectively inhibit collagen deposition and accumulation (fibrosis) over long-term treatment periods.
Effects of dopamine DA1-receptor blockade and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition on the renal actions of fenoldopam in the anaesthetized dog. (1991)

Experiments were performed in anaesthetized dogs to characterize the renal effects of the selective dopamine DA1-receptor agonist, fenoldopam. Intrarenal artery infusion of fenoldopam (0.01-10 micrograms/kg per min) caused dose-related renal vasodilation. At low doses (0.01-0.3 micrograms/kg per min), renal vasodilation occurred without concomitant falls in blood pressure but was accompanied by increased urine output. This diuresis was most probably a result of reduced tubular reabsorption since glomerular filtration rate was not increased. Both fenoldopam-induced renal vasodilation and diuresis were blocked to a similar extent by the selective dopamine DA1-receptor antagonist, SCH 23390 (30 micrograms/kg, intravenously), suggesting that both effects were mediated by dopamine DA1-receptors. In the presence of the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, captopril (1 mg/kg, intravenously, + 20 micrograms/kg per min, intrarenal artery), fenoldopam (0.01-0.3 micrograms/kg per min) significantly increased fractional excretion of sodium, despite reducing blood pressure; neither of these effects were observed in captopril-free dogs. These observations support the view that the inhibitory effect of fenoldopam on tubular function, and its vasodepressor activity, may be opposed by angiotensin II resulting from fenoldopam-induced renin release.
Big Data Analytics (2015)

As the scale and dimensionality of data continue to grow in many applications of data analytics (e.g., bioinformatics, finance, computer vision, medical informatics), it becomes critical to develop efficient and effective algorithms to solve numerous machine learning and data mining problems. This tutorial will focus on simple yet practically effective techniques and algorithms for big data analytics. In the first part, we plan to present the state-of-the-art large-scale optimization algorithms, including various stochastic gradient descent methods, stochastic coordinate descent methods and distributed optimization algorithms, for solving various machine learning problems. In the second part, we will focus on randomized approximation algorithms for learning from large-scale data. We will discuss i) randomized algorithms for low-rank matrix approximation; ii) approximation techniques for solving kernel learning problems; iii) randomized reduction methods for addressing the high-dimensional challenge. Along with the description of algorithms, we will also present some empirical results to facilitate understanding of different algorithms and comparison between them.
Semi-automatic generation of cloze question distractors effect of students² L1 (2009)

We describe a method to semi-automatically generate incorrect choices, or distractors, for cloze (fill-in-the-blank) questions.We generated distractors aimed at revealing what type of misunderstanding a student was having.English as a Second Language learners answered a series of cloze questions that presented distractors generated by our method.We analyzed their answers in order to see how native languages influence the type of distractor that is chosen.With this preliminary study, we intend to further individualize the use of an intelligent tutoring system for vocabulary learning.
Total synthesis of (+)-9,10-syn- and (+)-9,10-anti-copalol via epoxy trienylsilane cyclizations. (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTotal synthesis of (+)-9,10-syn- and (+)-9,10-anti-copalol via epoxy trienylsilane cyclizations.Nathan K. N. Yee and Robert M. CoatesCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1992, 57, 17, 4598–4608Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00043a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00043a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views900Altmetric-Citations59LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
The Rapid Development of Fluoroquinolone Resistance in<i>M. tuberculosis</i> (2003)

3.0 during the first days of treatment with vitamin K antagonists is unknown, and it is mainly a result of a more rapid depression of factor VII. 1 This is the single coagulation factor for which many prothrombin-time reagents are most sensitive.Moreover, because of the difference in the responses of thromboplastin reagents to the reduction of vitamin K-dependent coagulation factors, the INR values are more variable and less reliable during the initial phase of treatment than during long-term anticoagulant therapy. 3
Creating Dynamic World Wide Web Pages by Demonstration (2018)

Turquoise is an intelligent browser and editor for the World Wide Web (WWW) that allows users to create dynamic pages by demonstration rather than by writing program code. With Turquoise, users without programming experience can create scripts that combine data from several Web pages, automate repetitive browsing or editing tasks, convert other data formats into Hypertext Markup Language (HTML), and process submitted forms. Scripts are demonstrated by familiar browsing and editing actions, which Turquoise records and generalizes into a program. In order to generalize the locations of the user’s actions on a page, Turquoise includes a novel pattern matcher that finds locations within an HTML document. Turquoise infers patterns automatically by picking from a knowledge base of pattern templates, heuristically chosen to be robust and comprehensible to the user. With a good pattern knowledge base, Turquoise can often infer the correct script after only a single demonstration.
Studies on two stage sludge digestion, 1928-29 (1930)

At head of title: State of Illinois. Department of registration and education. Division of the state Water survey.
Recommendations for Medical Management of Adult Lead Exposure (2006)

Research conducted in recent years has increased public health concern about the toxicity of lead at low dose and has supported a reappraisal of the levels of lead exposure that may be safely tolerated in the workplace. In this article, which appears as part of a mini-monograph on adult lead exposure, we summarize a body of published literature that establishes the potential for hypertension, effects on renal function, cognitive dysfunction, and adverse female reproductive outcome in adults with whole-blood lead concentrations < 40 microg/dL. Based on this literature, and our collective experience in evaluating lead-exposed adults, we recommend that individuals be removed from occupational lead exposure if a single blood lead concentration exceeds 30 microg/dL or if two successive blood lead concentrations measured over a 4-week interval are > or = 20 microg/dL. Removal of individuals from lead exposure should be considered to avoid long-term risk to health if exposure control measures over an extended period do not decrease blood lead concentrations to < 10 microg/dL or if selected medical conditions exist that would increase the risk of continued exposure. Recommended medical surveillance for all lead-exposed workers should include quarterly blood lead measurements for individuals with blood lead concentrations between 10 and 19 microg/dL, and semiannual blood lead measurements when sustained blood lead concentrations are < 10 microg/dL. It is advisable for pregnant women to avoid occupational or avocational lead exposure that would result in blood lead concentrations > 5 microg/dL. Chelation may have an adjunctive role in the medical management of highly exposed adults with symptomatic lead intoxication but is not recommended for asymptomatic individuals with low blood lead concentrations.
From ZnO Colloids to Nanocrystalline Highly Conductive Films (1998)

S.3632-3637
Trauma-Associated Tinnitus: Audiological, Demographic and Clinical Characteristics (2012)

Trauma before tinnitus onset seems to represent a relevant criterion for subtypization of tinnitus. Patients with posttraumatic tinnitus may require specific diagnostic and therapeutic management. A more systematic and - at best - standardized assessment for hearing related sequelae of trauma is needed for a better understanding of the underlying pathophysiology and for developing more tailored treatment approaches as well.
New concepts in quality control for 3D near surface modeling (2009)

The ever increasing number of traces in land 3D surveys has prompted important developments in the field of near surface velocity modeling. One development that stands out is replacement of semi‐interactively picked refraction arrivals with batch picked refraction arrivals (Tim Keho, personal communication). The objective of this study is to design and implement a robust methodology to quality control batch refraction arrival picks prior to their use in near surface inversion algorithms. Examples of new quality control tools presented here include: (1) decomposed relative arrival time versus offset and azimuth with optional overlay on shot records, (2) slowness maps which can be converted to velocity grids for potential input to near surface modeling packages and for comparison with hard data such as uphole velocity surveys, and (3) maps indicating the location of anomalous jumps in first arrival time picks. These anomalies, referred to as shingling, are usually associated with velocity inversions. Knowing where near surface velocity inversions occur is critical to identifying challenging data zones that may require additional near surface analysis or noise suppression processing. A key requirement of our approach is the ability to execute in a batch mode on large data volumes within a reasonable amount of wall clock time.
Laser-cooled atoms as a focused ion-beam source (2006)

The evolving field of nanofabrication demands that more precise fabrication and evaluation tools be developed. We describe a method for creating a high quality focused ion beam with enhanced capabilities using an ion source based on laser-cooled neutral atoms in a magneto-optical trap. This technique will improve resolution and brightness beyond the current state of the art, can be used with the full range of atomic species that can be laser cooled and trapped, and will allow unprecedented control over the ion emission, allowing, for example, the production of single ions ``on demand.'' We give estimates for the emittance and present a realistic ray tracing analysis of a basic focusing system demonstrating the feasibility of focusing the beam to a spot size of less than $10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{nm}$.
Bubble-Induced Water Hammer and Cavitation in Microchannel Flow Boiling (2009)

While microchannel flow boiling has received much research attention, past work has not considered the impact of acoustic waves generated by rapidly nucleating bubbles. The present work provides a theoretical framework for these pressure waves, which resembles classical “water hammer” theory and predicts a strong influence on bubble nucleation rates and effective convection coefficients. These pressure waves result directly from confinement in microchannel geometries, reflect from geometrical transitions, and superimpose to create large transients in the static liquid pressure. Feedback from the pressure waves inhibits bubble growth rates, reducing the effective heat transfer. Pressure depressions generated by the propagating pressure pulses can cause other bubbles to grow at lower than expected wall temperatures. The additional nucleation enhances heat transfer over short times but increased flow instability may inhibit heat transfer over longer periods. The limited quantitative measurements available in the literature indicate confined bubble growth rates in microchannels are significantly lower than those predicted by the classical Rayleigh–Plesset equation. The present model predicts confined bubble growth rates to within ± 20%. A nondimensional number indicative of the relative magnitude of the water hammer pressure to bubble pressure is proposed to characterize the transitions from conventional to microchannel flow boiling.
Paracetamol-induced acute renal failure. (1982)

cell count is of no value in such situations in evaluating the probability of acute bacterial infection, as in a proportion of patients with infectious mononucleosis the first change evi- dent is a neutrophil leucocytosis.'To put my point in the language of clinical epidemiology, the positive predictive value of a neutrophil leucocytosis in diagnosing bacterial throat infection is low when the prevalence of infectious mononucleosis is high.This has obvious implications for those who care for young populations.Secondly, since this study was presumably designed to emphasise the importance of rational therapy of sore throats, I would like to ponder on the possible importance of irrational therapy in the dramatic reduction in poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis and rheu- matic fever which has taken place in the last three decades.Did wholesale prescription of antibiotics when they were available have a valuable role to play in the virtual dis- appearance of these diseases ?Is it only now that we can afford the luxury of a sophisticated rational therapy ?
WEIGHT ANALYSIS OF THE 'DAEDALUS' HUMAN POWERED AIRCRAFT (1990)

'Daedalus' is a long-range and -endurance human powered aircraft (HPA). Through careful design , and the use of advanced materials, it has maintained the low weight of previous HPAs, while significantly improving its aerodynamic cleanliness. These factors have allowed 'Daedalus' to attain lower power levels, and thus increase its range and endurance as compared to previous HPAs. During its construction, careful weight measurements were made of every part and component. A condensed version of the weights log is presented, together with a description of the aircraft and how it is constructed. Based on these data, several formulas for weight prediction of HPAs are proposed. These formulas should be useful for preliminary HPA sizing and optimization.
HIV and Thrombosis: A Review (2001)

The array of clinicopathologic factors associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients continues to increase and surprise many physicians. The recent literature contains reports of thrombotic episodes occurring in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Various abnormalities predisposing to a hypercoagulable state have also been reported in AIDS patients including the presence of antiphospholipid antibodies and the lupus anticoagulant; deficiencies of protein C, protein S, heparin cofactor II, and antithrombin and increased levels of von Willebrand factor, and d-dimers. These abnormalities correlate with the severity of HIV-associated immunosuppression as measured by the CD4 cell counts and with the presence of concurrent infectious or neoplastic diseases. The authors reviewed the medical literature and describe various abnormalities predisposing to a hypercoagulable state in AIDS patients along with the management of such complications. This issue is important because deep venous thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolus (PE), or thrombosis at other sites can develop in patients with AIDS who are ambulatory and have no known risk factors for pathologic thrombus formation, providing another challenge in an already difficult clinical situation. This also provides a strong rationale for careful prospective studies focusing on the prevalence and risk factors involved in the development of thromboembolic complications in patients with AIDS.
Ionic Requirements of Alginate-Modifying Enzymes in the Marine Alga Pelvetia canaliculata (L.) Dcne. et Thur. (1978)

Article Ionic Requirements of Alginate-Modifying Enzymes in the Marine Alga Pelvetia canaliculata (L.) Dcne. et Thur. was published on January 1, 1978 in the journal Botanica Marina (volume 21, issue 1).
An Eight-Lane 7-Gb/s/pin Source Synchronous Single-Ended RX With Equalization and Far-End Crosstalk Cancellation for Backplane Channels (2018)

This paper presents a versatile crosstalk cancellation scheme for single-ended multi-lane backplane links. System-level investigations show that a scheme, which combines analog filters and decision-feedback crosstalk compensation on the receiver (RX) side only, can efficiently remove crosstalk patterns in straight channels as well as boards with reflections due to via stubs. An eight-lane single-ended RX has been manufactured in 32-nm SOI CMOS to validate our findings. A CTLE and eight-tap decision feedback equalizer equalize the channel without transmitter feedforward equalizer. A continuous time crosstalk canceller reduces precursors by nearest neighbors, while the residual postcursors from all aggressors are suppressed by direct feedback 7×8-tap decision-feedback crosstalk canceller (DFXC). Measurements with flip-chip packaged RX show that the RX macro can equalize both a 30-dB insertion loss single-ended channel with 0-dB signal-to-crosstalk at Nyquist and a channel with 28-dB attenuation with the signal-to-crosstalk ratio of 6 dB combined with reflections due to via stubs. The RX operates up to 7 Gb/s/pin with PRBS11 data at bit error rate (BER) <;10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> , and occupies 300×350 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with an energy efficiency of 5.9 mW/Gb/s from 1-V supply.
Plasma Serotonin is Elevated in Adult Patients with Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss (2020)

In the discovery cohort, 58.6% of patients exhibited thrombophilia, of which most had a low to moderate titers of antiphospholipid antibodies and high levels of factor VIII/VWF. Twenty-seven patients (20%) had mild-to-moderate hyperhomocysteinemia or were homozygous for the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (<i>MTHFR</i>) C677T mutation. Regarding serotonin, SSNHL patients had elevated whole blood levels that remained within the normal range and normal platelet content. However, approximately 90% patients of both cohorts had elevated plasma serotonin. Elevated plasma serotoninemia was accompanied by serotonylation of platelet rhoA protein. This study shows that increased plasma serotonin appears as a biomarker of SSNHL (specificity: ∼96%, sensitivity: ∼90%) and could participate in the pathophysiology of SSNHL.
LONGITUDINAL AND RADIAL VIBRATIONS IN LIQUIDS CONTAINED IN CYLINDRICAL TUBES (1931)

I. The boundary conditions at the tube wall are considered, taking into account the natural frequency of the wall itself. An expression is derived for the radial displacement of the wall due to the excess pressure acting in the liquid. II. A formula is developed for the resonant frequencies of radial vibration in the cylinder of liquid. For tubes of ordinary size these lie well up in the ultrasonic frequencies. III. The character of a longitudinal sound wave in tubes of liquid is analyzed. Selective absorption of the longitudinal vibration is found to occur at the natural frequency of the radial vibration of the column of liquid. Examination of the expression for particle velocities reveals that the vibration for low frequencies is of a different type from that for high.
Enabling safe &amp; secure connection to an in-vehicle network (IVN) (2014)

In this paper, we present Vehicle Station Gateway (VSG) and Unified Gateway Protocol (UGP) for accessing vehicle bus data from smart car applications. They have been proposed and discussed as part of the ISO Standard Projects in ISO TC204 & TC22. We evaluate the feasibility of these approaches with a prototype implementation of vehicle trouble diagnosis and vehicle body network control applications with smart devices.
Übergangsmetall‐Carben‐Komplexe, XXXIX. Vierfach koordinierte Carben‐Komplexe von Nickel, Kobalt und Eisen (1972)

Abstract Tetracarbonyl‐nickel ( 1 ) Tricarbonyl‐nitrosyl‐kobalt ( 2 ) und Dicarbonyl‐dinitrosyl‐eisen ( 3 ) reagieren bei tiefen Temperaturen mit Lithiummethylamid ( 4 ), Lithiumdimethylamid ( 5 ), Lithiumdiäthylamid ( 6 ) und Phenyllithium ( 7 ) zu den entsprechenden (Lithiumcarbamoyl)‐bzw. (Lithiumbenzoyl)‐metallaten. Durch Äthylierung mit Triäthyloxonium‐tetrafluoroborat ( 8 ) gelingt die Synthese einer Reihe vierfach koordinierter Carben‐Komplexe ( 9 – 18 ). Die diamagnetischen, extrem thermolabilen Komplexe wurden durch ihre IR‐, 1 H‐NMR‐ und Massenspektren identifiziert.