gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cryo-cooled sapphire oscillator for the Cassini Ka-band experiment (2002)

We present design aspects of a cryogenic sapphire oscillator which is being developed for ultra-high short term stability and low phase noise in support of the Cassini Ka-band Radio Science experiment. With cooling provided by a commercial cryocooler instead of liquid helium, this standard is designed to operate continuously for periods of a year or more. Performance targets are a stability of 3/spl times/10/sup -15/ (1 second/spl les//spl tau//spl les/100 seconds) and a phase noise of -73 dB/Hz @ 1 Hz measured at 34 GHz. Test results are reported for several subsystems; including cryocooler, vibration isolation system, and ruby compensating element.
Effects of dexmedetomidine on mortality rate and inflammatory responses to endotoxin-induced shock in rats (2004)

Dexmedetomidine reduced mortality rate and had an inhibitory effect on inflammatory response during endotoxemia. These findings suggest that dexmedetomidine administration may inhibit the inflammatory response.
Anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotides--promises and pitfalls. (1992)

The high specificity of binding of oligodeoxynucleotides to their target mRNA has resulted in suggestions that these compounds may be useful as therapeutic agents against human cancer. While many successful anti-sense experiments have been reported in the literature, significant obstacles to widespread therapeutic use remain. These include nuclease sensitivity, non-sequence specificity, and uncertainties regarding optimum choice of mRNA target. Other significant problems include lack of information concerning cellular pharmacology and pharmacokinetics, and relatively little data concerning optimum dosing schedules. This review attempts to provide current information about these issues, which have such a strong impact on this exciting and rapidly growing field.
Factors Contributing to Hydrogen Peroxide Resistance in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Include Pyruvate Oxidase (SpxB) and Avoidance of the Toxic Effects of the Fenton Reaction (2003)

Aerobic growth of Streptococcus pneumoniae results in production of amounts of hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) that may exceed 1 mM in the surrounding media. H(2)O(2) production by S. pneumoniae has been shown to kill or inhibit the growth of other respiratory tract flora, as well as to have cytotoxic effects on host cells and tissue. The mechanisms allowing S. pneumoniae, a catalase-deficient species, to survive endogenously generated concentrations of H(2)O(2) that are sufficient to kill other bacterial species is unknown. In the present study, pyruvate oxidase (SpxB), the enzyme responsible for endogenous H(2)O(2) production, was required for survival during exposure to high levels (20 mM) of exogenously added H(2)O(2). Pretreatment with H(2)O(2) did not increase H(2)O(2) resistance in the mutant, suggesting that SpxB activity itself is required, rather than an H(2)O(2)-inducible pathway. SpxB mutants synthesized 85% less acetyl-phosphate, a potential source of ATP. During H(2)O(2) exposure, ATP levels decreased more rapidly in spxB mutants than in wild-type cells, suggesting that the increased killing of spxB mutants was due to more rapid ATP depletion. Together, these data support the hypothesis that S. pneumoniae SpxB contributes to an H(2)O(2)-resistant energy source that maintains viability during oxidative stress. Thus, SpxB is required for resistance to the toxic by-product of its own activity. Although H(2)O(2)-dependent hydroxyl radical production and the intracellular concentration of free iron were similar to that of Escherichia coli, killing by H(2)O(2) was unaffected by iron chelators, suggesting that S. pneumoniae has a novel mechanism to avoid the toxic effects of the Fenton reaction.
Magnetic measurements of cardiac mechanical activity (1988)

The origin of the magnetic susceptibility signal caused by mechanical activity of the heart is studied. Magnetic signals were measured with a second order SQUID (superconductor quantum interface device) gradiometer by applying a homogeneous external magnetic field with magnitude up to 260 A/m. Three experimental methods were used to separate the different components in the magnetic susceptibility signal. First, the thorax of the subject was surrounded by water solution of MnCl/sub 2/ with various magnetic susceptibilities, then a plastic bag containing a similar solution was placed on the chest of the subject, and finally the chest wall of the subject was immobilized during the measurements by using a special vacuum casting. The results suggest that usually about 65-80% of the signal measured near the heart originates directly from cardiac volume changes. This cardiac plethysmogram can be separated easily by immobilizing the subject's chest or by surrounding the chest with the liquid, whose magnetic susceptibility is about -5*10/sup -6/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Posttranscriptional Control Mediates Cell Type-Specific Localization of Catalase A during <i>Aspergillus nidulans</i> Development (1998)

Two differentially regulated catalase genes have been identified in the fungus Aspergillus nidulans. The catA gene belongs to a class whose transcripts are specifically induced during asexual sporulation (conidiation) and encodes a catalase accumulated in conidia. Using a developmental mutant affected in the brlA gene, which is unable to form conidia but capable of producing sexual spores (ascospores), we demonstrated that the catA mRNA accumulated during induction of conidiation but did not produce CatA protein. In contrast, high levels of catalase A activity were detected in the ascospores produced by this mutant, indicating that the catA gene is posttranscriptionally regulated. The same type of regulation was observed for a catA::lacZ translational gene fusion, suggesting that the catA message 5' untranslated region could be involved in translational control during development. In a wild-type strain, beta-galactosidase activity driven from the catA::lacZ gene fusion was low in hyphae and increased 50-fold during conidiation and 620-fold in isolated conidia. Consistent with this finding spatial expression of the reporter gene was restricted to metulae, phialides, and conidia. Conidium-associated expression was maintained in a stuA mutant, in which the conidiophore cell pattern is severely deranged. catA mRNA accumulation was also observed when vegetative mycelia was subject to oxidative, osmotic, and nitrogen or carbon starvation stress. Nevertheless, catalase A activity was restricted to the conidia produced under nutrient starvation. Our results provide support for a model in which translation of the catA message, accumulated during conidiation or in response to different types of stress, is linked to the morphogenetic processes involved in asexual and sexual spore formation. Our findings also indicate that brlA-independent mechanisms regulate the expression of genes encoding spore-specific products.
Myocardial <sup>99m</sup> Tc-Tetrofosmin Uptake During Adenosine-Induced Vasodilatation With Either a Critical or Mild Coronary Stenosis (1997)

In this canine model, relative underperfusion with adenosine stress is better resolved with 201Tl than with 99mTc-tetrofosmin and may be explained by the lower EF for 99mTc tetrofosmin. With clinical imaging, greater 201Tl attenuation and redistribution may lessen this advantage.
Solid Phase Synthesis of Aromatic Oligoamides: Application to Helical Water-Soluble Foldamers (2010)

Synthetic helical aromatic amide foldamers and in particular those based on quinolines have recently attracted much interest due to their capacity to adopt bioinspired folded conformations that are highly stable and predictable. Additionally, the introduction of water-solubilizing side chains has allowed to evidence promising biological activities. It has also created the need for methods that may allow the parallel synthesis and screening of oligomers. Here, we describe the application of solid phase synthesis to speed up oligomer preparation and allow the introduction of various side chains. The synthesis of quinoline-based monomers bearing protected side chains is described along with conditions for activation, coupling, and deprotection on solid phase, followed by resin cleavage, side-chain deprotection, and HPLC purification. Oligomers having up to 8 units were thus synthesized. We found that solid phase synthesis is notably improved upon reducing resin loading and by applying microwave irradiation. We also demonstrate that the introduction of monomers bearing benzylic amines such as 6-aminomethyl-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid within the sequences of oligoquinolines make it possible to achieve couplings using a standard peptide coupling agent and constitute an interesting alternative to the use of acid chloride activation required by quinoline residues. The synthesis of a tetradecameric sequence was thus smoothly carried out. NMR solution structural studies show that these alternate aminomethyl-pyridine residues do not perturb the canonical helix folding of quinoline monomers in protic solvents, contrary to what was previously observed in nonprotic solvents.
Acid-Sensitive Enteric Pathogens Are Protected from Killing under Extremely Acidic Conditions of pH 2.5 when They Are Inoculated onto Certain Solid Food Sources (1998)

Gastric acidity is recognized as the first line of defense against food-borne pathogens, and the ability of pathogens to resist this pH corresponds to their oral infective dose (ID). Naturally occurring and genetically engineered acid-sensitive enteric pathogens were examined for their ability to survive under acidic conditions of pH 2.5 for 2 h at 37 degreesC when inoculated onto ground beef. Each of the strains displayed significantly high survival rates under these normally lethal conditions. The acid-sensitive pathogens Campylobacter jejuni and Vibrio cholerae, which were protected at lower levels from acid-induced killing by ground beef under these conditions, were sensitive to killing in acidified media at pH 5.0 but survived at pH 6.0. Salmonella inoculated onto the surface of preacidified ground beef could not survive if the pH on the surface of the beef was 2.61 or lower but was viable if the surface pH was 3. 27. This implies that the pH of the microenvironment occupied by the bacteria on the surface of the food source is critical for their survival. Salmonella was also shown to be protected from killing when inoculated onto boiled egg white, a food source high in protein and low in fat. These results may explain why Salmonella species have a higher oral ID of approximately 10(5) cells when administered under defined conditions but have been observed to cause disease at doses as low as 50 to 100 organisms when consumed as part of a contaminated food source. They may also help explain why some pathogens are associated primarily with food-borne modes of transmission rather than fecal-oral transmission.
A molecular anchor for stabilizing triple-helical DNA. (1995)

Molecular modeling has been used to predict that 2,6-disubstituted amidoanthraquinones, and not the 1,4 series, should preferentially interact with and stabilize triple-stranded DNA structures over duplex DNA. This is due to marked differences in the nature of chromophore-base stacking and groove accessibility for the two series. A DNA foot-printing method that monitors the extent of protection from DNase I cleavage on triplex formation has been used to examine the effects of a number of synthetic isomer compounds in the 1,4 and 2,6 series. The experimental results are in accord with the predicted behavior and confirm that the 1,4 series bind preferentially to double- rather than triple-stranded DNA, whereas the isomeric 2,6 derivatives markedly favor binding to triplex DNA.
Artworks in the Celestial Room of the First Nauvoo Temple (2002)

Because of the scant time the first Nauvoo temple was open for sacred ordinances, portraits of prominent Nauvoo citizens were borrowed to adorn the temple walls. Brigham Young and the temple portrait for display in the temple. The presence of these images demonstrates how carefully Brigham Young and the temple committee arranged every detail of the temple experience to make it meaningful and purposeful, even while they planned to abandon the City of Joseph. Knowing about the portraits also adds to our knowledge of the importance of art in the Nauvoo culture. What follows is an identification of the portraits that hung in the celestial room, as well as analyses of the extant paintings; in addition, reasons are suggested for the absence of temple murals and a portrait of Joseph Smith. Biographical sketches of two principle Nauvoo Temple artists are also provided.
Stereospecific recognition of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate analogs by the phosphatase, kinase, and binding proteins. (1990)

A series of DL-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) analogs, with a bulky substitutent on the 2nd carbon of the inositol ring, has been synthesized. These compounds exert biological activities with only minor reduction in potency, in several assay systems (Hirata, M., Watanabe, Y., Ishimatsu, T., Ikebe, T., Kimura, Y., Yamaguchi, K., Ozaki, S., and Koga, T. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. 264, 20303-20308). Two analogs with aminocyclohexanecarbonyl (designated as analog 206) or aminobenzoyl group (analog 209) were separated into individual optical isomers and examined for stereospecificity in recognition by IP3-5-phosphatase, IP3-3-kinase and IP3 binding activity. IP3-5-phosphatase activity of erythrocyte ghosts was competitively inhibited by L-209 with a lower Ki value than D-IP3, but with a higher Ki value by L-206. D-Isomers of both analogs at 100 microM failed to inhibit the hydrolysis of D-[3H]IP3. On the other hand, D-isomers but not L-isomers of both analogs were as potent as D-IP3 in the recognition by IP3-3-kinase of rat brain cytosol and only the D-isomer of analog 206 could serve as substrate for the kinase. Also D-isomers of both analogs were equipotent to D-IP3 in displacing [3H]IP3 binding to rat cerebellum microsomes. These observations suggest that the IP3 analogs we synthesized are stereospecifically recognized by three IP3-recognizable proteins, but the phosphatase recognizes opposite isomers. Such being the case, the second hydroxyl group of D-IP3 may be involved in the recognition by IP3-5-phosphatase, but not by IP3-3-kinase and binding sites.
Photoelectric Emission from Thin Films of Caesium (1930)

The photoelectric properties and the methods of preparing thin films of caesium are described. These are divided into two classes: (1) Those where a thin film of Cs is adsorbed on a thin layer of oxygen. (2) Those where a thin film of Cs is adsorbed on a layer of suboxides of Cs.Surfaces of the latter type were prepared by coating a cathode with metallic caesium and then admitting oxygen in very small quantities. The photoelectric current was observed simultaneously. The measurements show that the most sensitive surfaces are obtained when the caesium has taken up sufficient oxygen to form a suboxide rather than the normal oxide ${\mathrm{Cs}}_{2}$O. These films owe their properties to the arrangement of the molecules very near the surface.
Compositional Characterization of Pyrolysis Fuel Oil from Naphtha and Vacuum Gas Oil (2018)

Steam cracking of crude oil fractions gives rise to substantial amounts of a heavy liquid product referred to as pyrolysis fuel oil (PFO). To evaluate the potential use of PFO for production of value-added chemicals, a better understanding of the composition is needed. Therefore, two PFO’s derived from naphtha (N-PFO) and vacuum gas oil (V-PFO) were characterized using elemental analysis, SARA fractionation, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC × GC) coupled to a flame ionization detector (FID) and time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF-MS). Both samples are highly aromatic, with molar hydrogen-to-carbon (H/C) ratios lower than 1 and with significant content of compounds with solubility characteristics typical for asphaltenes and coke (i.e. n-hexane insolubles). The molar H/C ratio of V-PFO is lower than the one measured for N-PFO, as expected from the lower molar H/C ratio of the VGO. On the other hand, the content of n-hexane insolubles is lower in V-PFO compared to the one in N-PFO (i.e., 10.3 ± 0.2 wt % and 19.5 ± 0.5 wt %, respectively). This difference is attributed to the higher reaction temperature applied during naphtha steam cracking, which promotes the formation of poly aromatic cores and at the same time scission of aliphatic chains. The higher concentrations of purely aromatic molecules present in N-PFO is confirmed via NMR and GC × GC–FID/TOF-MS. The dominant chemical family in both samples are diaromatics, with a concentration of 28.6 ± 0.1 wt % and 27.8 ± 0.1 wt % for N-PFO and V-PFO, respectively. Therefore, extraction of valuable chemical industry precursors such as diaromatics and specifically naphthalene is considered as a potential valorization route. On the other hand, hydro-conversion is required to improve the quality of the PFO’s before exploiting them as a commercial fuel.
AlGaN/GaN HEMT With Distributed Gate for Channel Temperature Reduction (2012)

Self heating in electronic devices reduces their performance and lifetime. A novel high electron-mobility transistor (HEMT) layout that reduces the channel temperature is presented. To decrease self heating, the new distributed gate (DG) HEMT is configured with multiple, active, and nonactive sections along each gate-stripe. Simulations and experimental results indicating the improved performance of the new layout are presented. Compared to a conventional HEMT, the fabricated novel DG GaN HEMT demonstrated a decrease in channel temperature from 178 °C to 150 °C, accompanied by a 3-dB increase in output power, and 13-fold increase in lifetime.
Anti-inflammatory phenolics isolated from <i>Juniperus rigida</i> leaves and twigs in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells (2011)

Inflammation is an essential host defense system particularly in response to infection and injury; however, excessive or undesirable inflammatory responses contribute to acute and chronic human diseases. A high-throughput screening effort searching for anti-inflammatory compounds from medicinal plants deduced that the methanolic extract of Juniperus rigida S. et L. (Cupressaceae) inhibited significantly nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells. Activity-guided fractionation and isolation yielded 13 phenolic compounds, including one new phenylpropanoid glycosides, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamyl 9-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1). Among the isolated compounds, phenylpropanoid glycosides with p-hydroxy group (2, 4) and massoniaside A (7), (+)-catechin (10), amentoflavone (11) effectively inhibited LPS-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells.
Performance assessment of joint transmission (JT) multi—user downlinks with multi—element transmit antennas (2001)

Abstract Joint transmission (JT), a novel downlink transmission scheme, was introduced and described in recent papers. Questions still open concern the performance assessment of JT and the comparison of JT with conventional downlink transmission schemes. In order to answer these questions, quantities termed SNR degradation and transmission efficiency are presented in this paper. Based on these quantities, exemplary system assessments and comparisons are performed, which clearly show the suitability of these measures and also the advantages of the novel downlink transmission scheme JT.
The Prospect of New Partnership Taxation in China (2007)

China's revised Partnership Law requires the government to tax partners but not partnerships. Previous partnership tax rules applied only to partnerships with individual partners, and suffered from major flaws, the most important of which is that the character of income received by a partnership is not completely preserved when allocated to the partners, with the result that individual partners are overtaxed on both labor and investment income. In other words, there was no true flow-through taxation. The paper recommends improving the flow-through treatment of income, but argues that because Chinese partnerships are unlikely to be prepared in the short-term to maintain capital accounts, the flow-through treatment of losses should be postponed. In addition, partnership tax accounting should begin deploying the concept of outside basis.
Advanced Process Control of HfxSi1-xO2 Composition using Co-injection Atomic Layer Deposition (2009)

A novel Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) process has been developed in which chemical precursors are co-injected and simultaneously reacted. The process demonstrates hafnium silicate films of uniform composition that can be easily tuned from <30 to >80 % Hf concentration to meet specific device requirements with excellent thickness control proportional to the number of process cycles. The film has been fully integrated into a CMOS structure and provides repeatable parametric results over a wide range of film compositions. In addition we review a VUV metrology technique correlated to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy that enables measurement of the hafnium vs. silicon composition in very thin films <50 Aå, with sensitivity to lower hafnium concentration in the interfacial layer for films deposited directly upon silicon substrates.
Development of Smart Assistive DTMF HomeAutomation System for Ageing Population (2016)

According to recent statistics, there is an increasing growth in the percentage of older persons in almost every part of the world today is recorded. The rate at which the proportion of older persons increases in the population of developing countries is much faster than what is experienced in developed regions. Specifically, this trend is more predominant in developing economies with relatively much lower level of socio-economic development, particularly in Africa. In response to this, modern technological advances in semiconductor technology and wireless communication can be significantly exploited to drive the economic and social paradigm shifts associated with population ageing towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in Africa. In this paper, we designed and implemented a cost-effective smart assistive DTMF home automation system that utilizes a tele-remote circuit to control home appliances via existing cellular communication networks. This system adopted a GSM module as feedback device. Dual Tone Multi Frequency (DTMF) tones generated from keypads of mobile cell phones remotely control home devices and appliances. An integrated DTMF receiver decodes the tones and processes the information to control several devices using a relay switching system with an effective feedback mechanism. The digitallycontrolled system overcomes the limited range of infrared and radio remote controls with the aid of available cellular communication systems. Therefore, older people of the populace can be provided with better ease of living at home by minimizing their movement and dependency at affordable cost.