gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Requirement for BMP and FGF signaling during cardiogenic induction in non-precardiac mesoderm is specific, transient, and cooperative (2000)

We previously reported that combined treatment with bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) and fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4) induces cardiogenic events culminating in full cardiac differentiation of non-precardiac mesoderm explanted from stage 6 avian embryos (Lough et al. [1996] Dev. Biol. 178:198-202.). To elucidate the respective functions of BMP and FGF in initiating and maintaining the cardiogenic process, we have used these ectopic cells as a cardiac specification model to ascertain requirements for growth factor specificity and extent of application, as well as induction of cardiac transcription factors. The inability of some BMP isoforms to replace the inductive activity of BMPs-2/4 indicated a specific requirement for this signaling pathway; moreover, neither activin-A nor insulin, which support terminal differentiation of precardiac mesoderm, nor leukocyte inhibitory factor (LIF), which promotes hypertrophy in cardiac myocytes, could replace BMP's cardiogenic activity. A similarly specific requirement for FGF-2/4 signaling was revealed since neither FGF-7, activin-A nor insulin could replace this activity. The effect of both factors was concentration-dependent; maximal incidence of explant differentiation for each occurred at 50 ng/ml. Surprisingly, the majority of explants treated with high BMP levels (250 ng/ml) exhibited a non-cardiac phenotype that was characterized by intense expression of alkaline phosphatase, suggesting differentiation toward an alternative mesodermal phenotype. Experiments to assess the duration of exposure to each factor that was required revealed that while exposure to BMP and FGF during only the initial 30 min of a 48-hr culture period was sufficient to induce cardiogenesis in a significant percentage of explants, 100% incidence of explant differentiation was obtained only when FGF treatment was restricted to the first 30 min and BMP was continuously present during the 48-hr culture period. Treatment with both growth factors was required to induce the cardiac transcription factors cNkx-2.5 and SRF; neither mRNA was induced by BMP or FGF alone. These findings indicate that: (1) specific members of the BMP and FGF families are required to induce cardiogenesis in non-precardiac mesoderm; (2) BMPs-2/4 may function as a morphogen; (3) brief application of both factors can induce cardiogenesis in a modest number of explants whereas (4) 100% incidence of explant differentiation can only be attained by brief FGF treatment combined with continuous BMP treatment and (5) both factors are necessary to induce downstream cardiac transcription factors. These findings are interpreted in terms of these factors' possible roles during cardiac specification and differentiation.
Butler network extension to any number of antenna ports (1970)

The addition of particular hybrid junctions to a conventional Butler network can increase the number of antenna ports from an integral power of 2 to any number. The resulting extended network produces greater flexibility in the relationship between the number of simultaneous beams and the radiation pattern.
A 24.4% solar to hydrogen energy conversion efficiency by combining concentrator photovoltaic modules and electrochemical cells (2015)

The highest efficiency of 24.4% for the solar-to-hydrogen (STH) energy conversion was obtained in an outdoor field test by combining concentrator photovoltaic (CPV) modules with InGaP/GaAs/Ge three-junction cells and polymer-electrolyte electrochemical (EC) cells. The high efficiency was obtained by using the high-efficiency CPV modules (∼31% under the present operation conditions) and the direct connection between the CPV modules and the EC cells with an almost optimized number of elements in series. The STH efficiency bottleneck was clarified to be the efficiency of the CPV modules, the over-potential of the EC cells, and matching of the operation point to the maximal-power point of the CPV modules.
Annexin A2 positively contributes to the malignant phenotype and secretion of IL‐6 in DU145 prostate cancer cells (2008)

Several groups, including ours, have reported that annexin A2 (ANXA2) expression is reduced in most prostate cancer (CaP). More recently, however, we reported that ANXA2 is expressed in some high-grade tumors, but the biologic consequence of this is currently unknown. To elucidate the function of ANXA2 in CaP, we reduced its expression in DU145 cells using shRNA and tested the impact on characteristics of malignancy. Reduction of ANXA2 suppressed anchorage-dependent and -independent cell growth without affecting invasiveness. Interestingly, interleukin-6 (IL-6) secretion was reduced concomitantly with the reduction of ANXA2 but independently of S100A10. IL-6 expression was restored when wild type but not mutant ANXA2 was reexpressed in these cells. In a retrospective study of radical prostatectomy specimens from patients with nonmetastatic CaP, 100% of patients with ANXA2-positive tumors (n = 4) had a biochemical relapse while only 50% of patients with ANXA2 negative tumors (n = 20) relapsed, suggesting that ANXA2 expression in prostate tumors may be predictive of biochemical relapse. Significant cytoplasmic staining of ANXA2 was detected in 3 of 4 ANXA2-positive tumors, whereas ANXA2 is localized to the plasma membrane in benign prostatic glands. These finding, taken together, suggests a possible mechanism whereby ANXA2 expression positively contributes to an aggressive phenotype in a subset of CaP and suggest that ANXA2 has markedly different functions depending on its cellular context. Finally, this is the first description of a role for ANXA2 in IL-6 expression, and ANXA2 represents a new therapeutic target for reducing IL-6 in high-grade prostate cancer.
A 150-MHz translinear phase-locked loop (1998)

This paper describes the design and implementation of a current-mode phase-locked loop (PLL) using static and dynamic (log-domain) translinear circuits. The loop is fully tuneable, with independent control of center frequency and loop bandwidth. The loop employs a recently proposed current-mode "log-domain" oscillator in a classical PLL topology to obtain these features. The PLL has been fabricated in a 0.6-/spl mu/m 12-GHz BiCMOS process, and measured results show a capture range of 15 MHz at a center frequency of 150 MHz. The circuit operates from a single 3-V supply and draws 6 mA at 150 MHz. A phase noise of -80 dBc/Hz at 1 kHz offset was obtained with the PLL locked onto an input reference frequency of 151 MHz. The PLL response to a frequency-modulated input has also been examined, and the demodulated output at 100 KHz showed less than -30-dB total harmonic distortion.
Evaluation of Microalgae as Microbial Fertilizer (2015)

Microalgal biomass is utilized in many fields such as food, agriculture, energy, and cosmetic sectors. It is very well known that chemical fertilizer adversely affect soil, plant, and environment. To reduce this effect in recent years, interest to organic farming has been increasing. In this study, microbial fertilizers obtained from microalgae was applied to maize and wheat plants. Microbial fertilizers at four different doses were applied, namely, S1 (control: 0,00 dose-non fertilizer), S2 (0.50 dose), S3 (1.00 dose), and S4 (1.50 dose). All measurements were made at the end of 30 th days. The best results were determined for S3 dose applications. During the experiment, the soil temperature between 15 and 30⁰C and soil pH values between 6.5 and 8.5 were maintained. The results showed that the amount of soil organic matter and the water holding capacity were improved. Finally, microbial fertilizers obtained from microalgae can be reported to have positive effects on soil, plants and therefore environment. Keywords: Microalgae, biomass, agriculture, fertilizer, microbial
An Improved Current-Driven Method for Synchronous Flyback AC/DC Converters (2006)

For low output voltage and relatively high current applications, synchronous rectifier technique can help improve efficiency in a flyback converter. An improved current-driven method for the synchronous rectifier (SR) is presented. Compared to the previous proposed current driven synchronous rectifier (CDSR), the proposed CDSR features simple structure, low driving loss, low component voltage stress and good performance. Analysis and experiments on a flyback prototype converter demonstrate the performance of the improved approach
MLTreeMap - accurate Maximum Likelihood placement of environmental DNA sequences into taxonomic and functional reference phylogenies (2010)

Abstract Background Shotgun sequencing of environmental DNA is an essential technique for characterizing uncultivated microbes in situ . However, the taxonomic and functional assignment of the obtained sequence fragments remains a pressing problem. Results Existing algorithms are largely optimized for speed and coverage; in contrast, we present here a software framework that focuses on a restricted set of informative gene families, using Maximum Likelihood to assign these with the best possible accuracy. This framework ('MLTreeMap'; http://mltreemap.org/ ) uses raw nucleotide sequences as input, and includes hand-curated, extensible reference information. Conclusions We discuss how we validated our pipeline using complete genomes as well as simulated and actual environmental sequences.
“Oscillating” Metallocene Catalysts: How Do They Oscillate? (2002)

Rather than involving the rac-like (chiral) and meso-like (achiral) conformations, as commonly believed, the “oscillation” of [(2-Ar-indenyl)2ZrCl2] propene polymerization catalysts takes place within the rac-like conformation, between its two enantiomorphous forms with opposite enantioselectivities. The result is the peculiar polypropylene microstructure shown, which degenerates into a (quasi-)atactic form when the “oscillation” is faster than monomer insertion.
Three-Way Multivariate Conjoint Analysis (1982)

Three-Way Multivariate Conjoint Analysis is developed as an extension of traditional metric conjoint analysis allowing one to examine several dependent variables simultaneously, as well as individual differences in response. Four nested models are developed to examine the effects of the experimental design, the dependent variables, and individual differences. An illustration concerning the relationship of product characteristics to the importance of various decision-making criteria for industrial purchasing is provided. Finally, extensions of the model(s) to other marketing applications and nonmetric analyses are discussed.
Data-driven state-of-health estimation of EV batteries using fatigue features (2016)

Estimating State-of-Health(SOH) for electric vehicle(EV) batteries is the most crucial to determine replacement time of the battery or to calculate driving mileage. However, partial charge and discharge, or steep changes of current loads imposed in EV increase estimation error. In this paper, we present a data-driven method for Battery Management System(BMS) to precisely estimate the SOH reflecting batterys stress pattern.
Performance of the Genomic Evaluators of Metastatic Prostate Cancer (GEMCaP) Tumor Biomarker for Identifying Recurrent Disease in African American Patients (2014)

Evaluation of prostate cancer prognosis after surgery is increasingly relying upon genomic analyses of tumor DNA. We assessed the ability of the biomarker panel Genomic Evaluators of Metastatic Prostate Cancer (GEMCaP) to predict biochemical recurrence in 33 European American and 28 African American prostate cancer cases using genome-wide copy number data from a previous study. "Biomarker positive" was defined as ≥20% of the 38 constituent copy number gain/loss GEMCaP loci affected in a given tumor; based on this threshold, the frequency of a positive biomarker was significantly lower in African Americans (n = 2; 7%) than European Americans (n = 11; 33%; P = 0.013). GEMCaP positivity was associated with risk of recurrence [hazard ratio (HR), 5.92; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.32-15.11; P = 3 × 10(-4)] in the full sample and among European Americans (HR, 3.45; 95% CI, 1.13-10.51; P = 0.032) but was not estimable in African Americans due to the low rate of GEMCaP positivity. Overall, the GEMCaP recurrence positive predictive value (PPV) was 85%; in African Americans, PPV was 100%. When we expanded the definition of loss to include copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity (i.e., loss of one allele with concomitant duplication of the other), recurrence PPV was 83% for European American subjects. Under this definition, 5 African American subjects had a positive GEMCaP test value; 4 went on to develop biochemical recurrence (PPV = 80%). Our results suggest that the GEMCaP biomarker set could be an effective predictor for both European American and African American men diagnosed with localized prostate cancer who may benefit from immediate aggressive therapy after radical prostatectomy.
ChemInform Abstract: LIQUID‐PHASE EPITAXIAL GROWTH OF GALLIUM‐DOPED SILICON (1979)

Abstract Das epitaktische Wachstum von Ga‐dotiertem Si auf Si aus unterkühlten Schmelzen wird mit Hilfe von Massenspektrometrie, optischer Mikroskopie, Rasterelektronenmikroskopie, IR‐ und Augerelektronenspektroskopie sowie Röntgenbeugungsmessungen untersucht.
A complex interaction between Wnt signaling and TNF-α in nucleus pulposus cells (2013)

Here, we have demonstrated that Wnt signaling regulates TNF-α and that Wnt signaling and TNF-α form a positive-feedback loop in nucleus pulposus cells. The results of the present study provide in vitro evidence that activation of Wnt signaling upregulates the TNF-α expression and might cause the degeneration of nucleus pulposus cells. We speculate that blocking this pathway might protect nucleus pulposus cells against degeneration.
Realization of dynamic biped walking stabilized by trunk motion on a sagittally uneven surface (2002)

The authors introduce a control method for dynamic biped walking stabilized by trunk motion on a sagitally uneven surface, that is for a biped walking robot which has a trunk to stabilize its walking, and its effectiveness as supported by walking experiments using a biped walking robot. This control method is based on the introduction of a new concept called a virtual surface, to consider the ZMP (zero moment point) on an uneven surface, and the main algorithm for computing the trunk motion which compensates for lower-limbs motion and time trajectory of the arbitrarily planned ZMP on the virtual surfaces. Using this control method in a number of experiments, the biped walking robot WL-12RIII (Waseda Leg-12 Refined III) which has a trunk, realized dynamic biped walking on stairs with a step height of 0.1 m and a trapezoidal terrain with an inclination of +or-10 deg. The walking period was 2.6 sec/step on the stairs, and 1.6 sec/step on the trapezoidal terrain. So that, the effectiveness of this control method was experimentally supported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adhesion of Graphite Fibers to Epoxy Matrices: I. The Role of Fiber Surface Treatment (1983)

Abstract Adhesion between graphite fibers and epoxy matrices is a necessary and sometimes controlling factor in achieving optimum performance. Manufacturers′ proprietary fiber surface treatments promote adhesion without providing a basic understanding of the fiber surface properties altered through their use. This study has combined fiber surface chemistry, morphology, interfacial strength measurements and fracture characterization in order to elucidate the role of surface treatments. The results of this investigation lead to the conclusion that surface treatments designed to promote adhesion to epoxy matrix materials operate through a two-part mechanism. First, the treatments remove a weak outer fiber layer initially present on the fiber. Second surface chemical groups are added which increase the interaction with the matrix. Increases in fiber surface area are not an important factor in promoting fiber-matrix adhesion. In some cases the upper limit to fiber-matrix interfacial shear strength is the intrinsic shear strength of the fiber itself.
A novel nuclear receptor/coregulator complex controls <i>C. elegans</i> lipid metabolism, larval development, and aging (2004)

Environmental cues transduced by an endocrine network converge on Caenorhabditis elegans nuclear receptor DAF-12 to mediate arrest at dauer diapause or continuous larval development. In adults, DAF-12 selects long-lived or short-lived modes. How these organismal choices are molecularly specified is unknown. Here we show that coregulator DIN-1 and DAF-12 physically and genetically interact to instruct organismal fates. Homologous to human corepressor SHARP, DIN-1 comes in long (L) and short (S) isoforms, which are nuclear localized but have distinct functions. DIN-1L has embryonic and larval developmental roles. DIN-1S, along with DAF-12, regulates lipid metabolism, larval stage-specific programs, diapause, and longevity. Epistasis experiments reveal that din-1S acts in the dauer pathways downstream of lipophilic hormone, insulin/IGF, and TGFbeta signaling, the same point as daf-12. We propose that the DIN-1S/DAF-12 complex serves as a molecular switch that implements slow life history alternatives in response to diminished hormonal signals.
Comparing usage-based pricing schemes for broadband networks (1997)

Tariff structures where charges depend on resource usage allow network operators to fairly recover costs from their customers. The notion of effective bandwidth is an important mathematical abstraction to the complex problem of quantifying resource usage. We consider usage-based pricing schemes which are based on some bound of the effective bandwidth and involve two measurements: the duration of a connection and the total volume transferred. The schemes are compared according to their fairness, i.e., their ability to capture the relative amount of resources used by connections. Our experiments involve a large set of MPEG-1 compressed video with different contents, and show that for links with a high degree of multiplexing, simple approximations can yield good performance. (10 pages)
Tiling in Interactive Panoramic Video: Approaches and Evaluation (2016)

Interactive panoramic systems are currently on the rise. However, one of the major challenges in such a system is the overhead involved in transferring a full-quality panorama to the client when only a part of the panorama is used to extract a virtual view. Thus, such a system should maximize the user experience while simultaneously minimizing the bandwidth required. In this paper, we apply tiling to deliver different quality levels for different parts of the panorama. Tiling has traditionally been applied to the delivery of very high-resolution content to clients. Here, we apply similar ideas in a real-time interactive panoramic video system. A major challenge lies in the movement of such a virtual view, for which clients' regions of interest change dynamically and independently from each other. We show that our algorithms, which progressively increase in quality toward the point of the view, manage to (i) reduce the bandwidth requirement and (ii) provide a similar quality of experience (QoE) compared to a full panorama system.
Uncoupling Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome Activity from Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Control by Deregulating Polo-Like Kinase 1 (2005)

Polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) plays a role in numerous events in mitosis, but how the multiple functions of Plk1 are separated is poorly understood. We studied regulation of Plk1 through two putative phosphorylation residues, Ser-137 and Thr-210. Using phospho-specific antibodies, we found that Thr-210 phosphorylation precedes Ser-137 phosphorylation in vivo, the latter occurring specifically in late mitosis. We show that expression of two activating mutants of these residues, S137D and T210D, results in distinct mitotic phenotypes. Whereas expression of both phospho-mimicking mutants as well as of the double mutant leads to accelerated mitotic entry, further progression through mitosis is dramatically different: the T210D mutant causes a spindle assembly checkpoint-dependent delay, whereas the expression of the S137D mutant or the double mutant results in untimely activation of the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) and frequent mitotic catastrophe. Using nonphosphorylatable Plk1-S137A and Plk1-T210A mutants, we show that both sites contribute to proper mitotic progression. Based on these observations, we propose that Plk1 function is altered at different stages of mitosis through consecutive posttranslational events, e.g., at Ser-137 and Thr-210. Furthermore, our data show that uncontrolled Plk1 activation can uncouple APC/C activity from spindle assembly checkpoint control.
GbTCP, a cotton TCP transcription factor, confers fibre elongation and root hair development by a complex regulating system (2012)

As the most important natural raw material for textile industry, cotton fibres are an excellent model for studying single-cell development. Although expression profiling and functional genomics have provided some data, the mechanism of fibre development is still not well known. A class I TCP transcription factor (designated GbTCP), encoding 344 amino acids, was isolated from the normalized cDNA library of sea-island cotton fibre (from -2 to 25 days post anthesis). GbTCP was preferentially expressed in the elongating cotton fibre from 5 to 15 days post anthesis. Some expression was also observed in stems, apical buds, and petals. RNAi silencing of GbTCP produced shorter fibre, a reduced lint percentage, and a lower fibre quality than the wild-type plants. Overexpression of GbTCP enhanced root hair initiation and elongation in Arabidopsis and regulated branching. Solexa sequencing and Affymetrix GeneChip analysis indicated that GbTCP positively regulates the level of jasmonic acid (JA) and, as a result, activates downstream genes (reactive oxygen species, calcium signalling, ethylene biosynthesis and response, and several NAC and WRKY transcription factors) necessary for elongation of fibres and root hairs. JA content analysis in cotton also confirmed that GbTCP has a profound effect on JA biosynthesis. In vitro ovule culture showed that an appropriate concentration of JA promoted fibre elongation. The results suggest that GbTCP is an important transcription factor for fibre and root hair development by regulating JA biosynthesis and response and other pathways, including reactive oxygen species, calcium channel and ethylene signalling.