gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal structure and molecular conformation of the tripeptide, N‐Boc‐<scp>L</scp>‐Phe‐Dehydro‐Phe‐<scp>L</scp>‐Val‐OCH<sub>3</sub> (1987)

Abstract The tripeptide, N‐Boc‐ L ‐Phe‐dehydro‐Phe‐ L ‐Val‐methyl ester (C 29 H 37 N 3 O 6 ) was synthesized as a model peptide to produce a specific β‐turn with the help of dehydro‐Phe. This peptide crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pl with a = 6.085(2) Å, b = 9.515(4) Å, c = 13.243(5) Å, α = 105.16(3)°, β = 92.69(3)°, γ = 104.9(3)°, and Z = 1. The structure was solved by direct methods using MULTAN 80. The structure was refined by the block‐diagonal least‐squares method to an R value of 0.075 for 2438 observed reflections. The bond lengths and angles, in general, are in good agreement with the standard values. The peptide backbone adopts the β‐conformation as a result of deprotonation at the C α and C β atoms in the dehydro‐Phe residue. The backbone conformations around the C α atoms are cis , and the corresponding moieties are nonplanar. The backbone segments between the C α atoms have extended trans conformations with highly planar configurations. The chain conformation angles—ϕ 1 , ψ 1 , ω 1 , ϕ 2 , ψ 2 , ω 2 , ϕ 3 , and ψ —are −45.4(11)°, −45.6(6)°, − 179.3(4)°, −46.5(5)°, −38.0(6)°, 165.3(9)°, 51.7(5)°, and 43.0(6)°, respectively. The phenyl rings of Phe and dehydro‐Phe are essentially planar and their planes are inclined with respect to each other at 69.7(5)°. The C β C γ bonds in Phe and dehydro‐Phe are trans with respect to the NC α bonds, with a X 1 torsion angle (about C α C β ) of −176.3(1)° and −179.4(5)°, respectively. The C′C α bonds are cis and trans with respect to the C β C γ bonds, with torsion angles of −56.8(7)° and −170.0(16)° in Phe and dehydro‐Phe, respectively. The β‐turn conformation is stabilized by an intramolecular hydrogen bond, N 3 H 3 …︁ O 2 , of a distance of 3.116(6) Å. The molecules are held in the crystal structure by a network of hydrogen bonds and the van der Waals forces.
The role of alkaline phosphatase in mineralization (2007)

Purpose of review: Alkaline phosphatase is an important component in hard tissue formation, highly expressed in mineralized tissue cells. It is appropriate to review the current status of this important enzyme. Recent findings: The mechanism with which this enzyme carries out its function is not completely understood, but it appears to act both to increase the local concentration of inorganic phosphate, a mineralization promoter, and to decrease the concentration of extracellular pyrophosphate, an inhibitor of mineral formation. The enzyme is localized to the outside of the plasma membrane of cells, and of the membrane of matrix vesicles. It is attached to the membrane by a glycophosphatidylinositol anchor, and is found in membrane microdomains known as rafts. Alkaline phosphatase has also been implicated in cardiovascular calcification which appears to proceed by an osteogenic mechanism. Significant interest in alkaline phosphatase expression has also come from tissue engineering experiments, where enzyme expression is a good predictor of neotissue mineralization. Summary: The high level of activity in this field is sure to provide new and important information into the fundamental mechanisms of hard tissue formation, provide therapeutic opportunities for treatment of bone diseases, and enhance our ability to create useful bone biomaterials.
What? ... Total Quality Management for an Emergency Service? (1997)

In 1996 the Victoria State Emergency Service (VICSES) became a member of the Australian Quality Council (AQC) and the Executive completed an introduction to the Quality Management program. This provided a model that drew together some of the main management theories which had, in part, already been introduced into the service.
Subadaptive piecewise linear quantization for speech signal (64 kbit/s) compression (1996)

We propose a simple speech compression algorithm using subband division and subadaptive piecewise linear quantization for a voice-mail system. Voice mail is an audio equivalent of sending letters. The main differences are that computer networks deliver the mail and that electronic recording is used instead of letters. Although speech data are stored in a semiconductor memory device, its capacity and the available network capacity are limited. Therefore, it is necessary to compress the data as much as possible. However, there are two conditions to be satisfied. The first is that the reconstructed datum must be understood correctly. Second, we need to identify the sender. Signals with a rate of 64 kbit/s are compressed at a ratio of about 1/9 using the proposed subband division and subadaptive piecewise linear quantization.
Skeletal muscle as the major site of nonshivering thermogenesis in cold-acclimated ducklings (1993)

Despite their lack of brown adipose tissue, 6-wk-old cold-acclimated muscovy ducklings (4 degrees C; CA) exhibit nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) in the cold. To determine the site of this NST, the regional distribution of blood flow was measured by the microsphere method in the thermoneutral zone (25 degrees C) and during acute exposure to cold (8 degrees C). Ducklings reared at thermal neutrality (TN), which use shivering to produce extra heat in the cold, were compared with CA ducklings, which substitute NST for shivering. Further, the contribution of skeletal muscle thermogenesis to the increased heat production in the cold was estimated by measuring leg muscle blood flow and arteriovenous difference in oxygen content [(a-v)O2] across the leg, enabling an estimation of muscle O2 consumption. During cold exposure, a similar increase in total leg muscle blood flow occurred in TN and CA ducklings (+127 and +130% respectively), while hepatic arterial blood flow increased less (+56 to +37%, respectively). This rise in blood flow was accounted for by an increase in cardiac output, which was smaller in CA than in TN ducklings, and in both groups by a redistribution of blood flow to the most thermogenic organs (skeletal muscles and liver). The (a-v)O2 across the leg was not changed by cold exposure, indicating that the increase in leg muscle O2 consumption resulted mainly from the increase in blood flow.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Development of a Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) Engine (2014)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In previous work, Gasoline Direct Injection Compression Ignition (GDCI) has demonstrated good potential for high fuel efficiency, low NOx, and low PM over the speed-load range using RON91 gasoline. In the current work, a four-cylinder, 1.8L engine was designed and built based on extensive simulations and single-cylinder engine tests. The engine features a pent roof combustion chamber, central-mounted injector, 15:1 compression ratio, and zero swirl and squish. A new piston was developed and matched with the injection system. The fuel injection, valvetrain, and boost systems were key technology enablers.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Engine dynamometer tests were conducted at idle, part-load, and full-load operating conditions. For all operating conditions, the engine was operated with partially premixed compression ignition without mode switching or diffusion controlled combustion. At idle and low load, rebreathing of hot exhaust gases provided stable combustion with NOx and PM emissions below targets of 0.2g/kWh and FSN 0.1, respectively. The coefficient of variation of IMEP was less than 3 percent and the exhaust temperature at turbocharger inlet was greater than 250 C. BSFC of 280 g/kWh was measured at 2000 rpm-2bar BMEP. At medium-to-higher loads, rebreathing was not used and cooled EGR provided NOx, PM, and combustion noise below targets. MAP was reduced to minimize boost parasitics. At full load operating conditions, near stoichiometric mixtures were used with up to 45 percent EGR. Maximum BMEP was about 20 bar at 3000 rpm. For all operating conditions, injection quantities and timings were used to control mixture stratificaton and combustion phasing.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Transient co-simulations of the engine system were conducted to develop control strategies for boost, EGR, and intake air temperature control. Preliminary transient tests on a real engine with high rate of load increase demonstrated potential for very good control. Cold start simulations were also conducted using an intake air heating strategy. Preliminary cold start tests on a real engine at room temperature demonstrated potential for very good cold starting. More work is needed to calibrate the engine over the full operating map and to further develop the engine control system.</div></div>
Determination of wound roll structure using acoustic time of flight measurement (1991)

Roll structure measurement is presently done with destructive and intrusive measuring devices, such as Force Sensing Resistors (FSR) [1] or with specially instrumented winders. These methods are generally limited to research and development applications. Prior to this project, there was no method of non-destructively determining the internal stresses, or roll structure, with unknown winding conditions. This thesis presents a measurement technique, the Acoustic Roll Structure Gage, that uses acoustic time of flight (T.O.F.) measurements to determine roll structure, an extension of the work done by J. David Pfeiffer [2] and alluded to by L. Eriksson [3] and D. R. Roisum [4]. A measurement is made of the time required for an acoustic wave to travel through the roll. This time of flight measurement is used as an extra degree of freedom in a winding model such as Z. Hakiel's [5] to replace an unknown or questionable model input, such as radial modulus or winding tension. The roll structure is determined by iterating the model input until the calculated time of flight matches the measured time of flight. This measurement technique is called the Acoustic Gage. The Acoustic Gage was verified by comparison with two other independent methods, FSR' s [1] and pull tabs [4]. Each method was used to map the radial pressures in the left and right sides of six different wound rolls. The Acoustic Gage agreed with two other independent roll structure measurement tools, all of which were much lower radial pressure than predicted by winding models. The results cast doubt on the validity of the hoop stress equation as an outer boundary condition for wound roll models. This thesis discusses pertinent literature, roll structure fundamentals, preliminary experiments and, acoustic and wave propagation topics. The equipment and procedures for time of flight measurements in wound rolls, including the method of determining roll structure from time of flight measurements are presented.
Disposal methods for chlorinated aromatic waste (1995)

M. L. Hitchman, R. A. Spackman, N. C. Ross and C. Agra, Chem. Soc. Rev., 1995, 24, 423 DOI: 10.1039/CS9952400423
Air Blowing of Supercritical Asphalt Fractions (2001)

Air blowing of asphalt at higher temperature does not greatly impact such parameters as the softening point−penetration relationship. With new Superpave specification, very good grade asphalts can be produced by air blowing, and the blowing temperature does not seriously impact the grade span. It is shown, however, that the subsequent 88 °C hardening and oxidation rates are higher for materials blown at higher temperature, and this is not detected by Superpave specifications. Blowing fluxes with high saturate content may result in higher grade but can cause subsequent susceptibility to oxidative hardening. The mechanism by which air blowing can affect the 88 °C hardening rate is related to oxidation kinetics and the tendency of oxidation products to form asphaltenes, causing hardening. For some materials air blown at higher temperature, the subsequent accelerated hardening rate results from an increase in the oxidation rate, while the hardening susceptibility may actually decrease.
<title>Color reproduction system based on color appearance model and gamut mapping</title> (2000)

By the progress of computer, computer peripherals such as color monitor and printer are often used to generate color image. However, cross media color reproduction by human perception is usually different. Basically, the influence factors are device calibration and characterization, viewing condition, device gamut and human psychology. In this thesis, a color reproduction system based on color appearance model and gamut mapping is proposed. It consists of four parts; device characterization, color management technique, color appearance model and gamut mapping.
Effects of Systemic Chemotherapy and Splenectomy on Liver Metastasis from Colon-26 Cells Injected into the Spleen of Mice. (1992)

大腸癌肝転移に対する全身化学療法の抑制効果を見る目的で,マウス脾内にColon26細胞を接種し,その後は無処置とした対照群(N=24),接種後9目で摘脾した摘脾群(N=25),UFTとCisplatinによる全身化学療法を行った化学療法群(N=23),摘脾と化学療法を併用した摘脾・化学療法群(N=23)の間で肝転移発現頻度,肝転移数および最大径を比較した.肝転移の発現頻度には4群の間で有意な差を認めなかったが,肝転移数は対照群に比して化学療法群および摘脾・化学療法群で有意な減少を見た.摘脾群でも対照群に比して肝転移数は減少したが,有意な差を見るにはいたらなかった.肝転移最大径は対照群に比して化学療法群,摘脾・化学療法群で有意に小さくなったが,摘脾群では対照群に比して有意に大きくなった.以上の結果から化学療法はColon26細胞の肝転移を防ぐことはできないものの,その増殖を抑制しうることが示唆された.
A Switched-capacitor Neural Preamplifier with an Adjustable Pass-band for Fast Recovery following Stimulation (2006)

For extracellular recordings from neurons, it is desirable to use the same electrode for stimulation as well as for recording. Since neural preamplifiers usually exhibit high-pass filtering at frequencies as low as 0.1 Hz, the recovery from saturation is typically very slow. Consequently, following stimulation, no signal can be detected for up to several seconds. This is unacceptably slow response of the preamplifier because the majority of neurons fires action potentials within first milliseconds following stimulation. Here we propose to use a switched-capacitor preamplifier with adjustable pass-band for fast recovery from saturation caused by stimulation via the recording electrode. The idea was tested in a real preamplifier manufactured with a standard CMOS technology (0.35 microm). In control conditions, the high-pass filter was set to 100 Hz and, during stimulation, was shifted to 10 kHz. Such a shift allows the reduction of the recovery time from tens of milliseconds to sub-millisecond range.
Flesh Quality in Snapper, <i>Pagrcrs auratus</i> , Affected by Capture Stress (1993)

ABSTRACT Muscle metabolites in resting, tank acclimated snapper, Pagrus auratus , were monitored for 72 hr postmortem and compared with values from exercised or commercially caught fish. The physiological status of the live animal was quantified by plasma cortisol and blood chemistry. Cortisol levels were lowest in unstressed controls (6.8 ± 2.1 ng mL −1 ) while exercised laboratory fish had highest levels (67.7 ± 11.2 ng mL −1 ). Control fish maintained a constant K‐value for 72 hr in chilled storage; all other groups had significant increases. Onset of rigor development and muscle ATP depletion was delayed in unstressed fish and was more rapid in line‐captured than exercised fish. Commercial users minimizing stress would maintain high flesh quality.
Brain aromatization of androgens. (1994)

Although the observation that the brain can form estrogens from androgens was made nearly 25 years ago, the details and implications of this autocrine/paracrine neuroendocrine system are still being discovered. The presence in the brain of the enzyme estrogen synthetase (aromatase) has been documented by biochemical, molecular biologic and morphologic techniques. The system has been shown to be autoregulating--i.e., brain aromatase is induced by the same androgens that it uses as the substrate for the formation of estrogens. Aromatase was first found in the hypothalamus and associated with reproductive neuroendocrine development (the aromatase hypothesis of brain sexual differentiation); however, recent immunohistochemical studies have indicated that aromatase is more widely spread throughout the brain. There apparently are two, separable brain aromatase systems in mammals, a gonad-sensitive hypothalamic system and a gonad-insensitive limbic system. These systems appear during prenatal development and are also found in adults. The aromatase is distributed throughout the neuron, including projective fibers: axons, boutons and synaptic vesicles. Thus, additional actions of locally formed estrogen in these areas of the brain and beyond are likely to be found in the near future.
Photocatalytic decomposition of water vapour on an NiO–SrTiO<sub>3</sub>catalyst (1980)

The photodecomposition of water vapour proceeds steadily for more than 100 h on NiO–SrTiO3 powder and stops immediately when the water vapour is removed.
High dynamic range power regulator design for UHF band near-field passive RFID tag chips (2009)

we present several issues for the design of a UHF-band near-field RFID tag chip. The power management of the analog block includes voltage multiplier, RF limiter, and regulator. The signal processing part includes ASK modem, clock generator, low voltage detector, analog random number generator, and power-on-reset. The digital control for the tag chip is based on the EPCglobal Gen-2 protocol. Analog block includes a high dynamic range regulator with no voltage drop limiter. The tag chip was implemented using Hynix 0.18 µm CMOS process. The tag chip includes 4kb EEPROM to store relative large information needed for security function. The chip size synthesized using 6 metal process was about 1 × 1 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Bed‐thickness and grain size of turbidites (1982)

ABSTRACT In measured sequences of limestone‐ and greywacke‐turbidites the bed‐thickness is found to vary proportionally with the fall velocity of the maximum grain size, found at the base of the bed. A simple theoretical model, based on the decay of isotropic turbulence, suggests that bed‐thickness should be a function not only of this fall velocity, but also of bottom slope, flow depth and the concentration and grain‐size distribution of the sediment in the turbidity current. The field data do show some influence of these additional factors. Nevertheless, for many natural sequences of turbidites the flows must have carried very poorly sorted sediments and the inferred flow volumes and densities must cluster tightly about modal values. Thus, grain size remains the primary variable and the modal regression curve of bed‐thickness on maximum grain size is well defined and resembles a fall‐velocity curve. Relatively steep basin floors near to source can, theoretically, cause these modal regressions for distal and very proximal parts of a turbidite to diverge, introducing a crudely parabolic appearance in the form of the total regression curve. The form of this parabolic curve predicts the deposition of thin but relatively coarse proximal beds. Such beds do occur. They are different from the thin, but relatively fine, proximal beds that have been interpreted as the result of a fractionation of a turbidity current during levee‐forming processes.
Simultaneous position estimation &amp; ambiguity resolution (SPEAR) for high-integrity carrier-phase navigation with robustness to tracking loss (2014)

This paper introduces a GNSS processing algorithm called simultaneous position estimation and ambiguity resolution (SPEAR), with the goal of delivering high-accuracy, high-integrity navigation with robustness to carrier-tracking interruptions. The algorithm operates by continuously applying integer constraints to estimate the navigation solution recursively as a histogram of possible state values. The proposed approach is distinctive in that it decomposes the carrier-wave measurement into two components: an apparent integer difference, used for Bayesian prediction, and a fractional phase, used for Bayesian correction. The algorithm has potential application for high-accuracy, high-integrity safety of life operations near buildings or other obstructions of the sky, as may occur during aircraft surface movement or automobile navigation in urban canyons.
Analysis of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in the exhaled breath condensate (EBC) of subjects with asthma as a complement to exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) measurements: a cross-sectional study (2011)

We validated the procedures for NOx analysis in EBC and confirmed the need for assays of other biomarkers to further our knowledge of the pathophysiologic processes of asthma and improve its treatment and control.
Omni Entertainment Control System (OECS) [for disabled persons] (2003)

The Omni Entertainment Control System (OECS) allows simple push-button button remote control of a home entertainment system through preprogrammed command sequences. This device is designed for persons with disabilities, and uses a microprocessor and large memory technology to store preprogrammed command sequences.
Increasing Oxidative Stress with Progressive Hyperlipidemia in Human: Relation between Malondialdehyde and Atherogenic Index (2008)

The aim of this study was to examine whether malondialdehyde (MDA) formation, a marker of oxidant stress, is altered in different stages of development of hyperlipidemia and whether it correlates with atherogenic index (AI), an important risk factor of atherosclerosis. Commercial kits were used to measure the levels of lipid profile and antioxidant status in the serum of 15 hyperlipidemic patients and 30 age and sex-matched normolipidemic subjects. The normolipidemic subjects were divided into lower and higher lipid groups according to their blood lipid level. The activities of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase decreased in higher lipid group compared with lower lipid group, and were even lower in hyperlipidemic subjects. An increase in the levels of MDA, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C concentration were observed in higher lipid group, and even significantly increased in hyperlipidemic patients. A significant progressive decline in HDL-C concentration was found during hyperlipidemia evolution. There was a positive correlation between MDA and AI (r = 0.61, p<0.05). These data indicate that oxidative stress is an early event in the evolution of hyperlipidemia, and appropriate support for enhancing antioxidant supply in higher lipid subjects may help prevent the course of the disease.
Studies on hypolipidemic agents. II. 3-(4-Phenoxybenzoyl)propionic acid derivatives. (1985)

3-(4-Phenoxybenzoyl) propionic acids were prepared and tested for hypolipidemic activity in normal rats. A structure-activity relationship study showed that the 2-acetylthio derivative had hypolipidemic activity. Among these compounds, 2-acetylthio-[3-(4-chlorophenoxy) benzoyl] propionic acid possessed very potent activity.
<scp>n</scp>-Terminal Amino Acid Sequences of Neutral Proteases from<i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i>and<i>Bacillus subtilis</i>: Identification of a Neutral Protease Gene Cloned in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1985)

Bacillus subtilis 1A20 transformed with a hybrid plasmid, pNP150, to which a DNA fragment from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens F was attached, produced a large amount of a neutral protease. To identify the origin of the gene specifying this neutral protease, neutral proteases from B. amyloliquefaciens F, B. subtilis NP58 (a derivative of Marburg 6160), and B. subtilis 1A20 transformed with pNP150 were purified. We investigated their immunological properties and primary structures. The proteases from these two species were indistinguishable by chromatography, but they were distinguishable from each other by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. Amino acid sequencing of these two proteases by Edman degradation showed that there were four substitutions in the 20-residue amino acid sequence from the N-termini. Neutral protease from the transformant had the same immunological characteristics and N-terminal amino acid sequence as that from B. amyloliquefaciens. These results meant that the gene in question was derived from a gene specifying the neutral protease in this bacterium.