gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Analytical Study of Investment Casting With Webbed Epoxy Patterns (1996)

Abstract We describe in this paper a finite element analysis (FEA) study to analyze the stresses in the ceramic shells and epoxy patterns that are induced by the thermal expansion of the patterns in investment casting. Because it is computationally prohibitive to perform FEA of the stresses due to the thermal expansion of a complex pattern with an internal web structure, we devise a method which replaces the effect of the internal web structure by a set of forces exerting on the skin of the pattern. These forces are simply estimated from the web geometry and the heating temperature. The validity of this method is verified by comparing the FEA results using this technique and the FEA results obtained with exact web structure patterns. Also discussed are the effect of web geometry and location on thermal stresses and buckling of the web structure.
Change in Apparent Viscosity off CO2 Foam With Rock Permeability (1991)

Summary This paper summarizes new and previous high-pressure experiments measuring the mobility of CO2 foam in porous rock, including both sandstones and carbonates, with permeabilities ranging from &lt; 1 md to hundreds of millidarcies. Foam mobility is defined here as the ratio of the combined flow rate per unit superficial area to the pressure drop required for simultaneous flow of dense CO2 and brine/surfactant through the sample and can be expressed in units of millidarcies per centipoise. The measured results, which can also be expressed in terms of the apparent viscosity of the CO2 foam, give a quantitative basis for the belief that this displacing fluid should be particularly effective in heterogeneous formations. From a macroscopic viewpoint, the CO2 foam acts like a single fluid with a viscosity equal to the ratio of the rock's brine permeability to the measured mobility. According to our results, the apparent viscosity depends on rock permeability in a nonlinear fashion, increasing from a minimum of about 2 cp for the tightest rocks to an apparent maximum of about 1, 000 cp for Berea. Individual mobility measurements were made at steady-state conditions; this is justified by consideration of oilfield operational constraints. Results of auxiliary experiments are given and the methods described. These include measurements of essential surfactant characteristics, such as durability against coalescence of the dense CO2 bubbles in brine/surfactant solution. Results given also show the influence of other factors, such as surfactant concentration and type, flowing fraction of the dense gas, and overall rate, on foam mobility.
Region of interest identification in collimated x-ray images utilizing nonlinear preprocessing and the Radon transform (2005)

The identification of the region of interest (ROI) in collimated x-ray images remains an important, open problem. The x-ray scattering present in all practical cases complicates the identification of a clearly defined ROI. Such scattering degrades image quality by producing a blurring of the boundaries delineating the ROI as well as corrupting the underlying gray-scale histogram. The construction of a proper identification scheme to locate the ROI in x-ray images will result in x-rays with improved visual clarity. A robust two-stage method of nonlinear preprocessing in the spatial domain to enhance the ROI boundary followed by extraction in the projection domain is proposed as an efficient means of ROI identification. The method proves effective for a wide variety of x-ray images taken with varying dosages. The results of simulations run in comparison with commonly used snake-based methods, which attempt to identify arbitrary ROIs using force on control points, show the proposed method yields better success rates in high- and low-SNR cases.
Semantic conditions for correctness at different isolation levels (2002)

Many transaction processing applications execute at isolation levels lower than serializable in order to increase throughput and reduce response time. The problem is that non-serializable schedules are not guaranteed to be correct for all applications. The semantics of a particular application determines whether that application will run correctly at a lower isolation level, and in practice it appears that many applications do. Unfortunately, we know of an analysis technique that has been developed to test an application for its correctness at a particular level. Apparently decisions of this nature are made on an informal basis. In this paper we describe such a technique in a formal way. We use a new definition of correctness, semantic correctness, which is weaker than serializability, to investigate the correctness of such executions. For each isolation level, we prove a condition under which transactions that execute at that level will be semantically correct. In addition to the ANSI/ISO isolation levels of read uncommitted, read committed, and repeatable read, we also prove a condition for correct execution at the read committed with first-committer-wins (a variation of read committed) and at the snapshot isolation level. We assume that different transactions can be executing at different isolation levels, but that each transaction is executing at least at the read uncommitted level.
Prolonged AICAR-induced AMP-kinase activation promotes energy dissipation in white adipocytes: novel mechanisms integrating HSL and ATGL (2008)

This study was designed to investigate the effects of prolonged activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) on lipid partitioning and the potential molecular mechanisms involved in these processes in white adipose tissue (WAT). Rat epididymal adipocytes were incubated with 5'-aminoimidasole-4-carboxamide-1-beta-d-ribofuranoside (AICAR;0.5 mM) for 15 h. Also, epididymal adipocytes were isolated 15 h after AICAR was injected (i.p. 0.7 g/kg body weight) in rats. Adipocytes were utilized for various metabolic assays and for determination of gene expression and protein content. Time-dependent in vivo plasma NEFA concentrations were determined. AICAR treatment significantly increased AMPK activation, inhibited lipogenesis, and increased FA oxidation. This was accompanied by upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)alpha, PPARdelta, and PPARgamma-coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) mRNA levels. Lipolysis was first suppressed, but then increased, both in vitro and in vivo, with prolonged AICAR treatment. Exposure to AICAR increased adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) content and FA release, despite inhibition of basal and epinephrine-stimulated hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) activity. Here, we provide evidence that prolonged AICAR-induced AMPK activation can remodel adipocyte metabolism by upregulating pathways that favor energy dissipation versus lipid storage in WAT. Additionally, we show novel time-dependent effects of AICAR-induced AMPK activation on lipolysis, which involves antagonistic modulation of HSL and ATGL.
Loss of FOXA1/2 Is Essential for the Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Cancer (2010)

FOXA1 and FOXA2, members of the forkhead transcription factor family, are critical for epithelial differentiation in many endoderm-derived organs, including the pancreas. However, their role in tumor progression is largely unknown. Here, we identified FOXA1 and FOXA2 as important antagonists of the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) through their positive regulation of E-cadherin and maintenance of the epithelial phenotype. In human PDA samples, FOXA1/2 are expressed in all epithelia from normal to well-differentiated cancer cells, but are lost in undifferentiated cancer cells. In PDA cell lines, FOXA1/2 expression is consistently suppressed in experimental EMT models and RNAi silencing of FOXA1/2 alone is sufficient to induce EMT. Conversely, ectopic FOXA1/2 expression can potently neutralize several EMT-related E-cadherin repressive mechanisms. Finally, ectopic FOXA2 expression could reactivate E-cadherin expression in a PDA cell line with extensive promoter hypermethylation. In fact, demethylation-mediated reactivation of E-cadherin expression in these cells required concurrent reactivation of endogenous FOXA2 expression. We conclude that suppression of FOXA1/2 expression is both necessary and sufficient for EMT during PDA malignant progression.
Structure of Human Dual Specificity Protein Phosphatase 23, VHZ, Enzyme-Substrate/Product Complex (2008)

Protein phosphorylation plays a crucial role in mitogenic signal transduction and regulation of cell growth and differentiation. Dual specificity protein phosphatase 23 (DUSP23) or VHZ mediates dephosphorylation of phospho-tyrosyl (pTyr) and phospho-seryl/threonyl (pSer/pThr) residues in specific proteins. In vitro, it can dephosphorylate p44ERK1 but not p54SAPK-beta and enhance activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38. Human VHZ, the smallest of the catalytically active protein-tyrosine phosphatases (PTP) reported to date (150 residues), is a class I Cys-based PTP and bears the distinctive active site signature motif HCXXGXXRS(T). We present the crystal structure of VHZ determined at 1.93A resolution. The polypeptide chain adopts the typical alphabetaalpha PTP fold, giving rise to a shallow active site cleft that supports dual phosphorylated substrate specificity. Within our crystals, the Thr-135-Tyr-136 from a symmetry-related molecule bind in the active site with a malate ion, where they mimic the phosphorylated TY motif of the MAPK activation loop in an enzyme-substrate/product complex. Analyses of intermolecular interactions between the enzyme and this pseudo substrate/product along with functional analysis of Phe-66, Leu-97, and Phe-99 residues provide insights into the mechanism of substrate binding and catalysis in VHZ.
THERMOMECHANICAL PROCESSING OF ADVANCED HIGH STRENGTH STEELS IN PRODUCTION HOT STRIP ROLLING (2009)

Hot strip rolling of low carbon Advanced High Strength Sheet Steels (AHSS) is challenging due to non-traditional chemical compositions required to attain the unique mechanical properties in AHSS products.In hot strip rolling, TMP implies various types of controlled rolling where temperature, strain rate and rolling reductions are carefully selected to produce the target austenite microstructure, which is either fully recrystallized or fully pancaked austenite before starting cooling.Microalloying of HSLA in combination with suitable TMP provides an efficient tool to control austenite recrystallization prior to the beginning of cooling.However, the existing TMP routes cannot be easily applied to AHSS that have much more sophisticated alloying and lower level of microalloying.TMP of AHSS in the finishing train of hot strip mill should be designed so as to ensure controlled type and extent of transformation on run-out table by precise control of strip temperature and rolling speed with account for mill configuration and capabilities, product dimensions, gauge and shape tolerances.Further complications can be brought about by high sensitivity of AHSS to various aspects of hot strip rolling and cooling parameters.These aspects are discussed in the paper along with various practical implications.
A New Multimode Antenna for MIMO Systems Using a Mode Frequency Convergence Concept (2011)

A new multimode antenna is proposed in this paper. The structure is based on a mode frequency convergence concept. A microstrip square patch antenna is modified in order to force different modes to resonate at the same frequency. Then, with a common/differential excitation, these modes can be fed independently. Thus, three radiation patterns are available simultaneously, thereby producing diversity. With dimensions less than a guided wavelength (≈ 0.88λ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">g</sub> ), the proposed structure is well suited to reduce the size of multiple antennas used in diversity applications such as MIMO systems. The antenna has been designed in the 2.45 GHz band for Wi-Fi applications.
Detecting temporal patterns of technical phrases by using importance indices in a research documents (2009)

In text mining processes, temporal text mining have attracted considerable attention as an one of the important issues for finding remarkable terms with temporal patterns in temporal set of documents. Although importance indices of the technical terms play a key role in finding valuable patterns from various documents, temporal changes of them are not explicitly treated by conventional methods. Since those methods depend on particular index in each method, they are not robust in changes of terms. In order to detect remarkable temporal trends of technical terms in given textual datasets robustly, we propose a method based on temporal changes in several importance indices by assuming the importance indices of the terms to be a dataset. Our empirical study shows that two representative importance indices are applied to the documents from a research area. After detecting the temporal trends, we compared the emergent trend of the technical phrases to some emergent phrases given by a domain expert.
Imaging Surface Plasmon of Gold Nanoparticle Arrays by Far-Field Raman Scattering (2004)

We present Raman spectra and Raman images of the methylene blue molecule adsorbed as a single layer on gold nanoparticles regularly arranged in periodic arrays. Spectra and images are recorded in the same spatial and spectral regions using an excitation under total internal reflection. Images of the Raman scattering appear as spots of circular shape located at the particle positions with size defined by the diffraction limit. It appears that all excited particles contribute equally to the Raman signal if the Gaussian intensity distribution of the laser beam is taken into account. These results demonstrate that Raman scattering can be a useful technique to study plasmon properties.
An Introduction to Classical Korean Literature (by Kichung Kim M.E. Sharpe. Inc. New York, 1996.231pp.) (1997)

An Introduction to Classical Korean Literature (by Kichung Kim M.E. Sharpe. Inc. New York, 1996.231pp.)
A new security key exchange channel for 802.11 WLANs (2004)

Recently, public wireless local area network systems based on IEEE 802.11 are becoming popular in hot spot areas such as airports, department store, etc. The 802.1X and 802.11i were proposed to resolve some problems in 802.11. However, the 802. 1x still has some drawbacks and could be hijacked through middle of communication session. The main problems in the wireless LANs security standards are the key distribution and mutual authentication between the supplicant and the access point (AP). We propose another scheme to construct a secure channel for regular communication security. To aim at above, we propose a security key exchange scheme to avoid flaws and drawbacks. The prime purpose is to create a secure channel between supplicant and AP. Therefore, supplicant and AP need to compute session key individually. This scheme needs three phases and all steps of the phases are finished by public-key encryption. Thus, no information will be gotten between supplicant and server or between AP and server.
Space Vector Based Hybrid PWM Techniques for Reduced Current Ripple (2008)

This paper investigates certain novel switching sequences involving division of active vector time for space vector based pulsewidth modulation (PWM) generation for a voltage source inverter. This paper proposes two new sequences, and identifies all possible sequences, which result in the same average switching frequency as conventional space vector PWM (CSVPWM) at a given sampling frequency. This paper brings out a method for designing hybrid PWM techniques involving multiple sequences to reduce line current ripple. The three proposed hybrid PWM techniques (three-zone PWM, five-zone PWM and seven zone PWM) employ three, five and seven different sequences, respectively, in every sector. Each sequence is employed in a spatial region within the sector where it results in the lowest rms current ripple over the given sampling period. The proposed techniques lead to a significant reduction in THD over CSVPWM at high line voltages. The five-zone technique results in the lowest THD among real-time techniques with uniform sampling, while the seven-zone technique is the best among real-time techniques with twin sampling rates. The superior harmonic performance of the proposed techniques over CSVPWM and existing bus-clamping PWM techniques is established theoretically as well as experimentally.
Functional roles of γ<sub>2</sub>, γ<sub>3</sub> and γ<sub>4</sub>, three new Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel subunits, in P/Q‐type Ca<sup>2+</sup> channel expressed in <i>Xenopus</i> oocytes (2001)

Stargazin or [gamma]2, the product of the gene mutated in the stargazer mouse, is a homologue of the [gamma]1 protein, an accessory subunit of the skeletal muscle L-type Ca2+ channel. [gamma]2 is selectively expressed in the brain, and considered to be a putative neuronal Ca2+ channel subunit based mainly on homology to [gamma]1. Two new members of the [gamma] family expressed in the brain have recently been identified: [gamma]3 and [gamma]4. We have co-expressed, in Xenopus oocytes, the human [gamma]2, [gamma]3 and [gamma]4 subunits with the P/Q-type (Ca(V)2.1) Ca2+ channel and different regulatory subunits ([alpha]2-[delta]; [beta]1, [beta]2, [beta]3 or [beta]4). Subcellular distribution of the [gamma] subunits confirmed their membrane localization. Ba2+ currents, recorded using two-electrode voltage clamp, showed that the effects of the [gamma] subunits on the electrophysiological properties of the channel are, most of the time, minor. However, a fraction of the oocytes expressing [beta] subunits displayed an unusual slow-inactivating Ba2+ current. Expression of both [beta] and [gamma] subunits increased the appearance of the slow-inactivating current. Our data support a role for the [gamma] subunit as a brain Ca2+ channel modulatory subunit and suggest that [beta] and [gamma] subunits are involved in a switch between two regulatory modes of the P/Q-type channel inactivation.
Percutaneous radiofrequency ablation for malignant liver tumours in challenging locations (2012)

RFA is a safe and effective method of treatment of primary and metastatic liver tumours even located in challenging locations when performed by a well-trained and experienced interventional radiologist.
Real-Time Gaze Tracking With A Single Camera (2015)

This paper presents a non-intrusive method for gaze tracking, using a single monocular low-resolution camera. By tracking the face orientation and the center of the pupil, the system estimates the gaze direction which can be projected onto a screen to obtain the user's point of gaze. As the design is based on open source portable building blocks, the system can be used on a variety of devices. The implemented gaze tracker achieves real-time performance. Although the measured accuracy does not compete with other expensive, more complex solutions, it is still possible to integrate it into other applications which require basic gaze tracking capabilities.
Malnutrition: trials and triumphs (2000)

Severe malnutrition is uncommon but often fatal, particularly in very young infants or when oedema is present. Another major contributor to mortality is undiagnosed infection. Three pilot studies have recently been performed in severely malnourished patients in therapeutic feeding centres in sub-Saharan Africa. In each, a practical management problem was addressed and a potential solution tested. Three conclusions were reached: young breastfeeding infants were best managed using a supplemented suckling technique; routine antibiotics from admission reduced mortality; and in adults with oedematous malnutrition, therapeutic diets with a lower-than-usual protein:energy ratio were effective in reducing mortality and permitting catch-up weight gain.
Probability, Statistics, and Stochastic Processes (2005)

A mathematical and intuitive approach to probability, statistics, and stochastic processes This textbook provides a unique, balanced approach to probability, statistics, and stochastic processes. Readers gain a solid foundation in all three fields that serves as a stepping stone to more advanced investigations into each area. This text combines a rigorous, calculus-based development of theory with a more intuitive approach that appeals to readers' sense of reason and logic, an approach developed through the author's many years of classroom experience. The text begins with three chapters that develop probability theory and introduce the axioms of probability, random variables, and joint distributions. The next two chapters introduce limit theorems and simulation. Also included is a chapter on statistical inference with a section on Bayesian statistics, which is an important, though often neglected, topic for undergraduate-level texts. Markov chains in discrete and continuous time are also discussed within the book. More than 400 examples are interspersed throughout the text to help illustrate concepts and theory and to assist the reader in developing an intuitive sense of the subject. Readers will find many of the examples to be both entertaining and thought provoking. This is also true for the carefully selected problems that appear at the end of each chapter. This book is an excellent text for upper-level undergraduate courses. While many texts treat probability theory and statistical inference or probability theory and stochastic processes, this text enables students to become proficient in all three of these essential topics. For students in science and engineering who may take only one course in probability theory, mastering all three areas will better prepare them to collect, analyze, and characterize data in their chosen fields.
An efficient GPU implementation of the revised simplex method (2010)

The computational power provided by the massive parallelism of modern graphics processing units (GPUs) has moved increasingly into focus over the past few years. In particular, general purpose computing on GPUs (GPGPU) is attracting attention among researchers and practitioners alike. Yet GPGPU research is still in its infancy, and a major challenge is to rearrange existing algorithms so as to obtain a significant performance gain from the execution on a GPU. In this paper, we address this challenge by presenting an efficient GPU implementation of a very popular algorithm for linear programming, the revised simplex method. We describe how to carry out the steps of the revised simplex method to take full advantage of the parallel processing capabilities of a GPU. Our experiments demonstrate considerable speedup over a widely used CPU implementation, thus underlining the tremendous potential of GPGPU.
Direct computation of capacitance in integrated passive components containing floating conductors (1997)

This paper presents a novel method for computation of capacitance in integrated passive components (IPCs) containing floating conductors. The IPC is a multiterminal device which is arbitrarily shaped and may be composed of inhomogeneous as well as field-dependent dielectric. The one-port capacitance between any pair of terminals is determined directly, without the need to calculate the capacitance matrix. The computational technique is based on incorporating the floating conductor concept into the finite difference solution to the Laplace equation. Numerous data for practical IPCs are presented, with the results validated against measurements.