gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Combining Time and Intensity Effects in Assessing Operator Information-Processing Load (1997)

A quantitative description of the human information processor is required for predicting operator workload and performance from the simulated task time line data generated by task network models and related methods. Although many models of workload exist, few appear to be well founded in theory or to provide a satisfactory basis for a quantitative representation of operator load. Adherents of both time- and intensity-based models of operator load individually claim success for their methods, which might suggest that both factors are operating in determining operator workload and performance. This paper describes a study that explicitly investigates the relationship between a time-based factor and an intensity-based factor (amount of information to be processed) within a simulated air traffic control environment. A model is developed that posits that the load on the human information-processing system results directly from the ratio of the time necessary to process the required information to the time allowable for making a decision. This ratio, which can be identified with time pressure, determines subjective estimates of workload as well as operator performance. The model is tested against the data from the air traffic control simulation.
SUMOsp: a web server for sumoylation site prediction (2006)

Systematic dissection of the sumoylation proteome is emerging as an appealing but challenging research topic because of the significant roles sumoylation plays in cellular dynamics and plasticity. Although several proteome-scale analyzes have been performed to delineate potential sumoylatable proteins, the bona fide sumoylation sites still remain to be identified. Previously, we carried out a genome-wide analysis of the SUMO substrates in human nucleus using the putative motif psi-K-X-E and evolutionary conservation. However, a highly specific predictor for in silico prediction of sumoylation sites in any individual organism is still urgently needed to guide experimental design. In this work, we present a computational system SUMOsp--SUMOylation Sites Prediction, based on a manually curated dataset, integrating the results of two methods, GPS and MotifX, which were originally designed for phosphorylation site prediction. SUMOsp offers at least as good prediction performance as the only available method, SUMOplot, on a very large test set. We expect that the prediction results of SUMOsp combined with experimental verifications will propel our understanding of sumoylation mechanisms to a new level. SUMOsp has been implemented on a freely accessible web server at: http://bioinformatics.lcd-ustc.org/sumosp/.
Effects of doping on the lattice parameter of SrTiO3 (2012)

The effects on the lattice parameter due to incorporation of high concentrations of donor impurities in SrTiO3 are examined both experimentally and theoretically. Experimental lattice parameters were obtained from x-ray diffraction on La-doped films grown on bulk SrTiO3 substrates with carrier concentrations up to 2 × 1021 cm−3. The observed increase in lattice parameter is attributed to two causes: impurity-size and electronic effects. The latter can be attributed in part to the energy gain by lowering the conduction band upon volume expansion. These contributions are evaluated explicitly using hybrid functional calculations, with a net result in very good agreement with experiment.
Electrocardiogram in an MRI Environment: Clinical Needs, Practical Considerations, Safety Implications, Technical Solutions and Future Directions (2012)

Electrocardiogram in an MRI Environment: Clinical Needs, Practical Considerations, Safety Implications, Technical Solutions and Future Directions
Diabetic Retinopathy Detection Based on Deep Convolutional Neural Networks (2018)

Diabetic retinopathy is the primary cause of blindness in the working-age population of the developed world. Diagnosing the disease heavily relies on imaging studies, which is a time consuming and a manual process performed by trained clinicians. Enhancing the accuracy and speed of the detection process can potentially have a significant impact on population health via early diagnosis and intervention. Motivated by this, we propose a recognition pipeline based on deep convolutional neural networks. In our pipeline, we design lightweight networks called SI2DRNet-vl along with six methods to further boost the detection performance. Without any fine-tuning, our recognition pipeline outperforms state of the art on the Messidor dataset along with 5.26x fewer in total parameters and 2.48x fewer in total floating operations.
Global Suppression of Protein Folding Defects and Inclusion Body Formation (1991)

Amino acid substitutions at a site in the center of the bacteriophage protein P22 tailspike polypeptide chain suppress temperature-sensitive folding mutations at many sites throughout the chain. Characterization of the intracellular folding and chain assembly process reveals that the suppressors act in the folding pathway, inhibiting the aggregation of an early folding intermediate into the kinetically trapped inclusion body state. The suppressors alone increase the folding efficiency of the otherwise wild-type polypeptide chain without altering the stability or activity of the native state. These amino acid substitutions identify an unexpected aspect of the protein folding grammar--sequences within the chain that carry information inhibiting unproductive off-pathway conformations. Such mutations may serve to increase the recovery of protein products of cloned genes.
Abstract 5603: Oral Dosing of PRT060128, a Novel Direct-acting, Reversible P2Y <sub>12</sub> Antagonist Overcomes High Platelet Reactivity in Patients Non-responsive to Clopidogrel Therapy (2008)

Introduction: The ADP receptor P2Y 12 plays a central role in platelet function. Clopidogrel therapy is associated with various limitations including irreversible inhibition, a delayed antiplatelet effect, wide response variability, and non-responsiveness that has been linked to adverse ischemic event occurrence. We report the first pharmacodynamic study of a single oral dose of PRT060128 (PRT128), a novel, direct-acting reversible P2Y 12 inhibitor in patients with high platelet reactivity while on maintenance dose clopidogrel therapy(75mg/d) and aspirin. Methods: Previously stented patients (n=27) on maintenance aspirin and clopidogrel therapy were screened for high platelet reactivity (HPR) defined as upper tertile 5μ M ADP-induced aggregation (>43%) based on prior studies conducted at our Center; 7/27 had HPR and were treated with a single oral dose (60 mg) of PRT128. Platelet function was assessed at baseline, 4 hours, 6 hours, and 24 hours post-dosing by light transmittance aggregometry (LTA) stimulated by 5μ M, 20 μ M ADP, and 4μ g/ml collagen; Thrombelastography PlateletMapping (MA ADP ), Accumetrics P2Y12 assay (PRU), platelet reactivity ratio (%) by vasodilator stimulated phosphoprotein phosphorylation (VASP), and Perfusion Chamber Assay (PCA). Results: Results shown in the Table represent means ± standard deviation for the 7 patients at each time point. Conclusion: Based on results using multiple pharmacodynamic assays, PRT060128 is a potent rapid-acting inhibitor of P2Y 12 that overcomes high platelet reactivity in patients non-responsive to clopidogrel therapy. The pharmacodynamic properties of this novel P2Y 12 antagonist warrant future large scale investigations to determine clinical efficacy.
Unusual DNA conformation at low pH revealed by NMR: parallel-stranded DNA duplex with homo base pairs (1992)

We have investigated the conformational potentials of several DNA oligonucleotides containing sequences related to 5'-CGA in neutral pH and low pH (< 5.0) conditions. One-dimensional proton NMR spectra show that d(CGATCG), d(TCGATCGA), and d(CGATCGATCG) exhibit new sets of resonances at low pH (approximately 3.8-4.4), when compared to those from the neutral pH samples. The low pH form and the neutral pH form are in slow equilibrium. Analyses of the data suggest that these sequences under low pH conditions adopt structures distinct from B-DNA. Two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser effect spectroscopy (2D NOESY) data from the DNA hexamer d(CGATCG) of the neutral and low pH samples were used to analyze their respective structures in solution. An iterative NOE spectral-driven refinement procedure, SPEDREF [Robinson, H., & Wang, A. H.-J. (1992) Biochemistry 31, 3524-3533], was used to show that the neutral pH structure is close to canonical B-DNA. In contrast, analysis of the low pH form using the 2D NOESY data suggests that its structure is consistent with a right-handed parallel-stranded (PS) double helix with symmetrical non-Watson-Crick (C+:C, G:G, A:A, T:T) homo base pairs. Supporting evidence for the PS helix includes the asymmetric inversion-recovery relaxation times associated with the two ends of the helix. The structure is favored by the 5'-CGA sequence in which the cytosines provide the C+:C pairing for the nucleation step and the GpA step is significantly stabilized by the interstrand G-A stacking interactions.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Evidence for a substrate cycle between AMP and adenosine in isolated hepatocytes. (1983)

The effect of adenosine on the metabolism of prelabeled adenine nucleotides was investigated in isolated hepatocytes. Adenosine caused an approximately equal to 2-fold increase in the ATP content of the cells. This effect was in part counteracted by an increased rate of adenine nucleotide catabolism that could be explained by a stimulation of both AMP deaminase (AMP aminohydrolase, EC 3.5.4.6) and the cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase (5'-ribonucleotide phosphohydrolase, EC 3.1.3.5) because of the increased concentration of ATP. The unexpected finding that labeled adenosine was formed immediately after the addition of the unlabeled nucleoside could be explained by the trapping effect of adenosine. An accumulation of labeled adenosine was observed also in the presence of 5-iodotubercidin, a potent inhibitor of adenosine kinase (ATP:adenosine 5'-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.20). Under these conditions, there was a decrease in the concentration of ATP in the cell and a 2- to 3-fold increase in the rate of formation of allantoin. This formation of adenosine was only slightly decreased by inhibition of the membranous 5'-nucleotidase; it led to the accumulation of S-adenosylhomocysteine in the presence of coformycin and an excess of L-homocysteine. It was concluded that, under basal conditions, the cytoplasmic 5'-nucleotidase present in the liver cell continuously produces adenosine, which is immediately reconverted into AMP by adenosine kinase, without giving rise to allantoin. This futile cycle between AMP and adenosine amounts to at least 20 nmol/min per g of liver and, thus, exceeds the basic rate of allantoin formation.
Intestinal Epithelial Cells Modulate PMN Activation and Apoptosis Following Bacterial and Hypoxic Challenges (2005)

IEC modulate PMN response to bacteria and H/R insults. This results in the production of activated neutrophils with an exaggerated lifespan which may promote remote organ failure. Attempts to modulate this response may be useful in preventing multiple organ failure following severe traumatic shock.
Hypoxia-induced soluble CD137 in malignant cells blocks CD137L-costimulation as an immune escape mechanism (2015)

Hypoxia is a common feature in solid tumors that has been implicated in immune evasion. Previous studies from our group have shown that hypoxia upregulates the co-stimulatory receptor CD137 on activated T lymphocytes and on vascular endothelial cells. In this study, we show that exposure of mouse and human tumor cell lines to hypoxic conditions (1% O<sub>2</sub>) promotes CD137 transcription. However, the resulting mRNA is predominantly an alternatively spliced form that encodes for a soluble variant, lacking the transmembrane domain. Accordingly, soluble CD137 (sCD137) is detectable by ELISA in the supernatant of hypoxia-exposed cell lines and in the serum of tumor-bearing mice. sCD137, as secreted by tumor cells, is able to bind to CD137-Ligand (CD137L). Our studies on primed T lymphocytes in co-culture with stable transfectants for CD137L demonstrate that tumor-secreted sCD137 prevents co-stimulation of T lymphocytes. Such an effect results from preventing the interaction of CD137L with the transmembrane forms of CD137 expressed on T lymphocytes undergoing activation. Indeed, silencing CD137 with shRNA renders more immunogenic tumor-cell variants upon inoculation to immunocompetent mice but which readily grafted on immunodeficient or CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell-depleted mice. These mechanisms are interpreted as a molecular strategy deployed by tumors to repress lymphocyte co-stimulation via CD137/CD137L.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Synthesis of Cyanoalkynes via Iodide‐Catalyzed Cyanation of Terminal Acetylenes with Cuprous Cyanide. (1994)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks (2019)

The central building block of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) is the convolution operator, which enables networks to construct informative features by fusing both spatial and channel-wise information within local receptive fields at each layer. A broad range of prior research has investigated the spatial component of this relationship, seeking to strengthen the representational power of a CNN by enhancing the quality of spatial encodings throughout its feature hierarchy. In this work, we focus instead on the channel relationship and propose a novel architectural unit, which we term the "Squeeze-and-Excitation" (SE) block, that adaptively recalibrates channel-wise feature responses by explicitly modelling interdependencies between channels. We show that these blocks can be stacked together to form SENet architectures that generalise extremely effectively across different datasets. We further demonstrate that SE blocks bring significant improvements in performance for existing state-of-the-art CNNs at slight additional computational cost. Squeeze-and-Excitation Networks formed the foundation of our ILSVRC 2017 classification submission which won first place and reduced the top-5 error to 2.251 percent, surpassing the winning entry of 2016 by a relative improvement of ∼ 25 percent. Models and code are available at https://github.com/hujie-frank/SENet.
YidC1 and YidC2 are functionally distinct proteins involved in protein secretion, biofilm formation and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans (2012)

The cariogenic bacterium Streptococcus mutans has two paralogues of the YidC/Oxa1/Alb3 family of membrane protein insertases/chaperones. Disruption of yidC2 results in loss of genetic competence, decreased membrane-associated ATPase activity and stress sensitivity (acid, osmotic and oxidative). Elimination of yidC1 has less severe effects, with little observable effect on growth or stress sensitivity. To examine the respective roles of YidC1 and YidC2, a conditional expression system was developed allowing simultaneous elimination of both endogenous YidCs. The function of the YidC C-terminal tails was also investigated and a chimeric YidC1 protein appended with the C terminus of YidC2 enabled YidC1 to complement a ΔyidC2 mutant for stress tolerance, ATP hydrolysis activity and extracellular glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) activity. Elimination of yidC1 or yidC2 affected levels of extracellular proteins, including GtfB, GtfC and adhesin P1 (AgI/II, PAc), which were increased without YidC1 but decreased in the absence of YidC2. Both yidC1 and yidC2 were shown to contribute to S. mutans biofilm formation and to cariogenicity in a rat model. Collectively, these results provide evidence that YidC1 and YidC2 contribute to cell surface biogenesis and protein secretion in S. mutans and that differences in stress sensitivity between the ΔyidC1 and ΔyidC2 mutants stem from a functional difference in the C-termini of these two proteins.
Effect of Upper Sideband Impedance on a Lower Sideband Up-Converter (1973)

An analysis is given of a lower sideband up-converter which includes a finite circuit reactance X/sub 33/ at the upper sideband frequency, in addition to the circuit impedances at the input signal and output lower sideband frequencies. The expressions developed for the gain, gain sensitivity to pump power variation, and noise figure show the extent to which gain and gain sensitivity decrease, and noise figure increases when X/sub 33/ is finite, as compared to the case when X/sub 33/ is infinite. For a simple circuit configuration the gain-bandwidth product changes markedly when X/sub 33/ is small at the center frequency. In addition, when second-harmonic pump power is allowed to flow through the varactor diode, the performance of the lower sideband up-converter can be improved.
ASAP: AI-based situation assessment and planning (flight simulation) (2003)

The ASAP framework for planning has been developed, based on the concept of limiting search by narrowing and partitioning the solution search space. Replanning is triggered by the occurrence of certain events in the developing situation. Upon occurrence of a triggering event, appropriate skeletal plans are instigated with values based on the current situation, leading to a new, modified plan. The concept is demonstrated through a simulation of the ASAP automated-wingman decision aid which performs situation assessment and replanning.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Calibration of Polarimetric Radars Using In-scene Reflectors (1990)

A polarimetric radar calibration algorithm using three in-scene reflectors is developed based on the exact solution for general target choices. The transmitting and receiving ports of the polarimetric radar are modeled by two unknown polarization transfer matrices. These transfer matrices are solved in terms of measurements from three independent calibration targets with known scattering matrices. The solutions for several sets of calibration targets with simple scattering matrices are presented first. Then, when at least two of the target scattering matrices can be simultaneously diagonalized, polarimetric calibration is derived using the method of simultaneous diagonalization of two matrices. A transformation matrix is found to convert the general scattering matrices into the simple cases, and the problem is solved in the transformed domain. The solution to the original problem then can be expressed in terms of the solutions obtained for the simple scattering matrices. All possible combinations of calibration targets are discussed and the solutions are presented for the cases that at least two of the scattering matrices can be simultaneously diagonalized.
Head circumference and height in autism: A study by the collaborative program of excellence in autism (2006)

Data from 10 sites of the NICHD/NIDCD Collaborative Programs of Excellence in Autism were combined to study the distribution of head circumference and relationship to demographic and clinical variables. Three hundred thirty-eight probands with autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) including 208 probands with autism were studied along with 147 parents, 149 siblings, and typically developing controls. ASDs were diagnosed, and head circumference and clinical variables measured in a standardized manner across all sites. All subjects with autism met ADI-R, ADOS-G, DSM-IV, and ICD-10 criteria. The results show the distribution of standardized head circumference in autism is normal in shape, and the mean, variance, and rate of macrocephaly but not microcephaly are increased. Head circumference tends to be large relative to height in autism. No site, gender, age, SES, verbal, or non-verbal IQ effects were present in the autism sample. In addition to autism itself, standardized height and average parental head circumference were the most important factors predicting head circumference in individuals with autism. Mean standardized head circumference and rates of macrocephaly were similar in probands with autism and their parents. Increased head circumference was associated with a higher (more severe) ADI-R social algorithm score. Macrocephaly is associated with delayed onset of language. Although mean head circumference and rates of macrocephaly are increased in autism, a high degree of variability is present, underscoring the complex clinical heterogeneity of the disorder. The wide distribution of head circumference in autism has major implications for genetic, neuroimaging, and other neurobiological research.
SSIM-Based Perceptual Rate Control for Video Coding (2011)

The quality of video is ultimately judged by human eye; however, mean squared error and the like that have been used as quality metrics are poorly correlated with human perception. Although the characteristics of human visual system have been incorporated into perceptual-based rate control, most existing schemes do not take rate-distortion optimization into consideration. In this paper, we use the structural similarity index as the quality metric for rate-distortion modeling and develop an optimum bit allocation and rate control scheme for video coding. This scheme achieves up to 25% bit-rate reduction over the JM reference software of H.264. Under the rate-distortion optimization framework, the proposed scheme can be easily integrated with the perceptual-based mode decision scheme. The overall bit-rate reduction may reach as high as 32% over the JM reference software.
Regioselectivity and solvent effects in cyclopropanation of alkadienes (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegioselectivity and solvent effects in cyclopropanation of alkadienesEdwin C. Friedrich and Fatemeh Niyati-ShirkhodaeeCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 6, 2202–2205Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00006a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00006a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views447Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Montmorillonite Clay Catalysis VI<sup>1</sup>: Synthesis of Triarylmethanes via Baeyer Condensation of Aromatic Aldehydes with<i>N,N</i>-Dimethylaniline Catalysed by Montmorillonite K-10 (1997)

Abstract Triarylmethanes are synthesized in good to excellent yield via Baeyer condensation of aromatic aldehydes with N,N-dimethylaniline catalysed by montmorillonite K 10 at 100°C in the absence of solvent.