gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Good Night: Sleep Monitoring Using a Physiological Radar Monitoring System Integrated with a Polysomnography System (2015)

This article presents results from the integration of a noncontact physiological radar monitoring system (PRMS) with a type I polysomnography (PSG) system to perform sleep monitoring. The PRMS system consists of two continuous-wave Doppler radars operating at the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band of 2.45 GHz. The system can acquire data, perform digital processing, and output appropriate conventional analog outputs with a latency of approximately 130 ms, which can be recorded and displayed by a gold standard sleep monitoring system along with other standard sensor measurements. Radar data was also used to successfully detect paradoxical motion that was simulated using linear movers and to categorize normal breathing, apnea, and hypopnea in sleeping subjects with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).
Individual and Combined Toxicity of Deoxynivalenol and T-2 Toxin in Broiler Chicks (1989)

Effects of feeding diets containing deoxynivalenol (DON)-contaminated wheat (16 mg DON/kg) and purified T-2 toxin at 4 mg/kg singly and in combination were characterized in male broiler chicks from 1 day to 3 wk of age. Total body weight gains and final body weights were significantly reduced by the DON/T-2 toxin combination but were not significantly affected by the toxins singly. The efficiency of feed utilization was reduced in chicks fed either of the diets containing DON-contaminated wheat. The incidence and severity of oral lesions induced by T-2 toxin was increased in the DON/T-2 toxin combination. Several parameters not altered by DON or T-2 toxin singly were significantly affected by the combination, indicating that the combination may pose a potentially greater problem to the poultry industry than either of the mycotoxins individually.
A charge recycle refresh for Gb-scale DRAMs in file applications (1993)

A low-power charge recycle refresh featuring alternative operation of two arrays was proposed. After amplification in the first array, the charges in that array are transferred to the other array, where they are recycled for half the amplification there. The data-line current dissipation is only half that of the conventional refresh operation, and the voltage bounce of the power supply line is also reduced. This technique can reduce the data retention current in Gb-scale or subGb-scale DRAMs, where the reduction of data-retention current by extending the refresh period is limited by the cell retention time.
Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Auxiliary Power Unit - A Development Update (2002)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Delphi Automotive Systems and BMW are jointly developing Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology for application in the transportation industry primarily as an on-board Auxiliary Power Unit (APU). In the first application of this joint program, the APU will be used to power an electric air conditioning system without the need for operating the vehicle engine.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The SOFC based APU technology has the potential to provide a paradigm shift in the supply of electric power for passenger cars. Furthermore, by supplementing the conventional fuel with reformate in the internal combustion engine, extremely low emissions and high system efficiencies are possible. This is consistent with the increasing power demands in automobiles in the new era of more comfort and safety along with environmental friendliness.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Delphi Automotive Systems and BMW were successful in demonstrating an Auxiliary Power Unit (APU) based on Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) technology in February, 2001. A SOFC APU generates power using hydrogen and carbon monoxide reformed from fuels such as gasoline, diesel, or natural gas. The proof-of-concept unit and the advantages of using a SOFC APU will be activities in the development of a second generation APU. This development has been targeted towards resolving the fundamental issues with the following key subsystems: fuel cell stack, fuel reformers, and energy and thermal management. Major focus has also been directed at system integration challenges to make a more robust and efficient product.</div>
Initial Sintering of Submicrometer Titania Anatase Powder (1990)

Measurements of surface area reduction of TiO 2 anatase powder (of initially 100 m 2 · g −1 ) were carried out for various partial pressures of water and oxygen at 823 K. The kinetic equation obtained for the experimental rates has the formulation r = k[P H2O ] 1/α [ P O2 ] 1/β where α and β are equal to 2 and ‐12, respectively. A mechanistic model involving six consecutive elementary steps was developed, in which hydroxyl species play a dominant role. No geometrical assumption is required. The general expression of the deduced theoretical rates has the same form as previously given. The comparison between the experimental and the predicted rates points out that the rate‐limiting step is the surface diffusion of hydroxyl species. This model can easily be used for any other compounds, for particle growth, and for porosity elimination.
Roles of Effectors in XylS-Dependent Transcription Activation: Intramolecular Domain Derepression and DNA Binding (2008)

XylS, an AraC family protein, activates transcription from the benzoate degradation pathway Pm promoter in the presence of a substrate effector such as 3-methylbenzoate (3MB). We developed a procedure to obtain XylS-enriched preparations which proved suitable to analyze its activation mechanism. XylS showed specific 3MB-independent binding to its target operator, which became strictly 3MB dependent in a dimerization-defective mutant. We demonstrated that the N-terminal domain of the protein can make linker-independent interactions with the C-terminal domain and inhibit its capacity to bind DNA. Interactions are hampered in the presence of 3MB effector. We propose two independent roles for 3MB in XylS activation: in addition to its known influence favoring protein dimerization, the effector is able to modify XylS conformation to trigger N-terminal domain intramolecular derepression. We also show that activation by XylS involves RNA polymerase recruitment to the Pm promoter as demonstrated by chromatin immunoprecipitation assays. RNA polymerase switching in Pm transcription was reproduced in in vitro transcription assays. All sigma(32)-, sigma(38)-, and sigma(70)-dependent RNA polymerases were able to carry out Pm transcription in a rigorous XylS-dependent manner, as demonstrated by the formation of open complexes only in the presence of the regulator.
The lever arm in glenohumeral abduction after hemiarthroplasty (1988)

Fourteen cases of hemiarthroplasty for four-part fractures of the proximal humerus were reviewed. Pain relief was satisfactory, but function was limited, mainly due to loss of glenohumeral abduction despite electromyographic proof of actively contracting abductors in all cases. Analysis of special radiographs of nine cases showed a direct relationship between the clinical results and the "humeral offset", or distance between the geometric centre of the humeral head and the lateral aspect of the greater tuberosity. This offset affects the lever arms of the glenohumeral abductor muscles. The implications for surgical technique and for the design of shoulder prostheses are discussed.
Inosine induces axonal rewiring and improves behavioral outcome after stroke (2002)

Cerebral infarct (stroke) often causes devastating and irreversible losses of function, in part because of the brain's limited capacity for anatomical reorganization. The purine nucleoside inosine has previously been shown to induce neurons to express a set of growth-associated proteins and to extend axons in culture and in vivo . We show here that in adult rats with unilateral cortical infarcts, inosine stimulated neurons on the undamaged side of the brain to extend new projections to denervated areas of the midbrain and spinal cord. This growth was paralleled by improved performance on several behavioral measures.
L1<sub>0</sub> FePtX-Y media for heat-assisted magnetic recording (2013)

Highly chemically ordered L10 FePtX–Y nano-granular films with high perpendicular magnetic anisotropy are key media approaches for future heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR). They are sputtered at elevated temperature on glass disks coated with adhesion, heat sink, and texturing layers. Adding X = Ag reduces the required deposition temperature and X = Cu lowers the Curie temperature. Current seed layers are NiTa for adhesion and heat sink and well-oriented MgO (002) layers for highly textured FePtX(002) grains surrounded by Y = carbon and/or other segregants. Magnetic anisotropies larger than 4.5 × 107 erg cm−3 and coercivities beyond 5 Tesla have been achieved. The combination of thermal conductivity and Curie temperature determines the required laser power during recording. Key goals are to optimize media, heads, head-disk-spacing, and read-back channels to extend the areal density to 1.5–5 Tb in−2. Head and media in heat-assisted magnetic recording1. LD, laser diode; TFC, thermal fluctuation control; NFT, near field transducer. 1Lidu Huang et al., “HAMR Thermal Modeling Including Media Hot Spot”, APMRC 2012.
Optical Absorption as a Control Test for Plasma Silicon Nitride Deposition (1978)

The composition (Si/N) and properties of glow discharge‐deposited silicon nitride films are sensitive to variations in many apparatus parameters. A rapid and simple test for film composition is needed to monitor and control production equipment. The position of a defined optical absorption edge in the near ultraviolet and visible ranges serves this purpose over a Si/N atomic ratio range of 0.8–1.5. Film thickness is determined at the same time. The procedure and a typical calibration curve are given; computation is simple. The existence of relatively low energy optical absorption is considered evidence for a highly distorted and irregular structure compared with that of pyrolytic .
The role of the liver X receptor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (2013)

GW3965 did not significantly suppress the production of TNFα, IL-1β, or CXCL8. Our major finding is that LXR activation has anti-inflammatory effects on CXC10, CCL5 and IL-10 production from alveolar macrophages.
Targeting CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-L1 Costimulation Differentially Controls Immune Synapses and Function of Human Regulatory and Conventional T-Cells (2013)

CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-L1, the three identified ligands for CD80/86, are pivotal positive and negative costimulatory molecules that, among other functions, control T cell motility and formation of immune synapse between T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). What remains incompletely understood is how CD28 leads to the activation of effector T cells (Teff) but inhibition of suppression by regulatory T cells (Tregs), while CTLA-4 and PD-L1 inhibit Teff function but are crucial for the suppressive function of Tregs. Using alloreactive human T cells and blocking antibodies, we show here by live cell dynamic microscopy that CD28, CTLA-4, and PD-L1 differentially control velocity, motility and immune synapse formation in activated Teff versus Tregs. Selectively antagonizing CD28 costimulation increased Treg dwell time with APCs and induced calcium mobilization which translated in increased Treg suppressive activity, in contrast with the dampening effect on Teff responses. The increase in Treg suppressive activity after CD28 blockade was also confirmed with polyclonal Tregs. Whereas CTLA-4 played a critical role in Teff by reversing TCR-induced STOP signals, it failed to affect motility in Tregs but was essential for formation of the Treg immune synapse. Furthermore, we identified a novel role for PD-L1-CD80 interactions in suppressing motility specifically in Tregs. Thus, our findings reveal that the three identified ligands of CD80/86, CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-L1, differentially control immune synapse formation and function of the human Teff and Treg cells analyzed here. Individually targeting CD28, CTLA-4 and PD-L1 might therefore represent a valuable therapeutic strategy to treat immune disorders where effector and regulatory T cell functions need to be differentially targeted.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents (1998)

Although some children are being diagnosed as having ADHD with insufficient evaluation and in some cases stimulant medication is prescribed when treatment alternatives exist, there is little evidence of widespread overdiagnosis or misdiagnosis of ADHD or of widespread overprescription of methylphenidate by physicians.
Sexuality in cancer and palliative care 1: effects of disease and treatment (2000)

All cancers and related treatments have the potential to affect sexuality and sexual function. This may result from impaired body function or altered body image, or from the emotional and psychological distress that often accompany diagnosis and treatment. It is increasingly acknowledged that issues surrounding sexuality are an important factor in quality of life for patients with cancer, and that sexuality is a legitimate area of concern for nurses in oncology and palliative care. However, issues relating to sexuality remain among the most poorly addressed in cancer care--possibly owing to lack of knowledge and expertise. There are also societal norms, myths and assumptions that may prevent nurses from broaching these issues. To provide this component of care, nurses need to have good communication skills, an open and non-judgmental approach, and knowledge of the potential ramifications of disease and treatment on sexuality.
QPSK Training Sequence-Based Both OSNR and Chromatic Dispersion Monitoring in DWDM Systems (2018)

We design a quadrature phase-shift keying training sequence (QPSK-TS) for monitoring both optical signal-to-noise ratio (OSNR) and chromatic dispersion (CD) in a dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) system. By applying fast Fourier transform on the QPSK-TS, a comb-like spectrum with discrete peaks can be obtained. OSNR can be calculated by measuring the power of the amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) noise in the gaps between these peaks. Moreover, we search the optimal order in the fractional domain to calculate the CD after applying fractional Fourier transform on the QPSK-TS signal. The proposed method shows large ASE noise and optical nonlinearity tolerance in simulation results (<;1.0 dB error within 24 dB after transmission over 1000 km with 3 dBm per channel launch power, and <;90 ps/nm error within 33400 ps/nm). Furthermore, the experimental results demonstrate high accuracy of the proposed method (≤1.0 dB error within 28 dB and <;40 ps/nm error within 1670 ps/nm after 100 km single channel transmission).
<title>Cr:LiSAF fluorescence-lifetime-based fiber optic thermometer and its applications in clinical RF heat treatment</title> (1993)

A fiber optic thermometer based on the lifetime of Cr:LiSAF fluorescence, induced by visible light, is reported for applications in the monitoring of temperature during clinical heat treatment on Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. As the heat source for such treatment stems from an externally applied radio frequency (rf) field (434 MHz), unlike the current technology which uses thermocouples as the temperature sensing element, the use of such a fiber optic thermometer, which is immune to rf interference, allows for the continuous monitoring of temperature and hence further enhances patient safety. In addition, the application of an un- pulsed external rf field as the heat source (necessary with the use of thermocouple-based monitoring), also simplifies the operating of the treatment. A newly developed effective technique for the detection of the fluorescence lifetime for temperature measurement is used, together with the application of a red (670 nm) diode laser as the excitation source, to produce a compact and inexpensive device for this lifetime-based instrument. The temperature dependence of Cr:LiSAF fluorescence lifetime is discussed, with an empirical formula, which can be used for the calibration of the thermometer being presented to describe such dependence. The thermometer covers the temperature region 10 - 100 degree(s)C, with response time less than one second and a satisfactory accuracy under laboratory test conditions is achieved.
Application of polyaniline in corrosion protection of metals (2012)

Polyaniline is probably the most investigated electroconducting polymer. This popularity is a result of its important features: existence of various oxidation states, electrical and optical activity, low cost monomer, red/ox reversibility, environmental stability, ease of both chemical and electrochemical synthesis etc. These unique features are partly inherited from its polymeric origin and partly aroused from its conductivity and could be considered for practical application in: electrochemical systems for energy storage and conversion, electronic devices, electromagnetic and microwave shielding materials, sensors, biosensors and corrosion protection as well. The motivation of application of polyaniline in corrosion protection of metals and alloys is replacement of environmentally hazardous materials, e.g. chromates in coating systems. Up to day, lot of studies on various metals both on iron, steels and non-ferrous metals and alloys were performed. The studies involve investigation on individual polyaniline coatings and polyaniline in coating systems. Owing to variation in experimental procedure (substrate, substrate preparation, coating type, corrosion environment, test method etc..) it is unlikely to propose unique mechanism for corrosion protection of metals in the presence of polyaniline. However, most of the literature is interpreted in terms of general mechanisms of corrosion protection, barrier and anodic protection.
Recognition between mitomycin C and specific DNA sequences for cross-link formation (1990)

An extensive series of oligodeoxyribonucleotides was reacted with reductively activated mitomycin C (MC), and the resulting cross-linked drug-oligonucleotide complexes were isolated by reverse-phase HPLC and characterized by nucleoside and MC-nucleoside adduct analysis. HPLC also served for assay of the yield of cross-linked oligonucleotides. AT-rich duplex oligonucleotides, containing a single central CG.CG, gave high yields of cross-links between the two guanines while those having GC.GC, instead, gave none. In another series, the central sequences CGC.GCG and CGC.ICG both yielded 50% cross-link while CGC.GCI was completely resistant. Cross-linking was conducted also in two steps: Oligonucleotides substituted monofunctionally by MC at guanine at either a CG or GC sequence were annealed with their complementary strands followed by reductive reactivation of the bound MC to form a cross-link. The CG oligomers were cross-linked quantitatively while the GC ones were again resistant. These results show unambiguously that the MC cross-link is absolutely specific to the CG.CG duplex sequence, confirming our previous finding [Chawla, A.K., Lipman, R., & Tomasz, M. (1987) in Structure and Expression, Volume 2: DNA and Its Drug Complexes (Sarma, R.H., & Sarma, M.H., Eds.) Adenine Press, Guilderland, NY]. Evidence is presented that this specificity is due to the specific orientation of the monofunctionally attached MC in the minor groove. Superimposed on the CG.CG requirement, a four-base-pair sequence preference was observed at PuCGPyr.PuCGPyr sequences. This suggests that the guanine N2 atom of GpPyr is more reactive toward the drug than that of GpPu, due to the favorable effect of the negative dipole of the O2 of the Pyr on the reaction; in accordance, GpT was more reactive than GpC.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Subunit‐specific block of cloned NMDA receptors by argiotoxin<sub>636</sub> (1993)

Cloned NMDA receptor channels of the NR1-NR2A, NR1-NR2B and NR1-NR2C type show differences in argiotoxin636 block. Mutations of an asparagine residue located at a homologous position in the TM2 region of all NMDA receptor subunits, which corresponds to the Q/R site of the AMPA receptors, alters the argiotoxin636-induced block. The results suggest that the toxin interacts at this amino acid position with the putative pore forming TM2 region of the NMDA receptor subunits. Sequence differences in the TM2 segment of NR2A and NR2C subunits are not responsible for the subtype-specific sensitivity to argiotoxin636 as revealed by site-directed mutagenesis.
Semantic Rule-checking for Regulation Compliance Checking: An Overview of Strategies and Approaches (2015)

As more and more architectural design and construction data is represented in the Resource Description Framework (RDF) data model, it makes sense to take advantage of the underlying logical basis of RDF and realise a semantic rule-checking process as it is currently not available in architectural design and construction industry. Such a semantic rule-checking process would be of considerable value to regulation compliance checking procedures, because the additional logical basis would (1) allow consistency checking of the rules in the regulations (and thus a better management of the rules), (2) allow a faster, more transparent and more reliable implementation of regulation compliance checking procedures (rules are human-readable and more easily changeable), and (3) provide the option to rely on available reasoning engines and generate proofs without any additional implementation effort. Obviously, there are a number of strategies and approaches that can be followed regarding the realisation of such a rule-checking process. In this article, we will outline a number of rule-checking approaches that have been reported for semantic rule-checking in the AEC domain, including rule-based checking algorithms implemented on BIM platforms as plug-ins, Semantic Web Rule Language (SWRL) rule based checking relying on an external rule engine, and N3Logic-based rule checking using a backward-chaining procedure. For every approach, a number of implementation procedures will be considered. This will result in a comprehensive strategic overview at the end of the paper, which can be used as a guide for parties interested in implementing a semantic rule-checking process for regulation compliance checking.
A simple field map for shimming (1987)

A field-mapping procedure based on volume-selective spectroscopy is described. For proton NMR the method may be used to optimize magnet shimming, on the sample under investigation, prior to spectroscopy or imaging experiments. Examples of field maps obtained on our 4.7-T system, using phantoms and biological samples of up to 6 cm in diameter, are presented.