gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Glycosylation Patterns of Phytase from<i>Aspergillus Niger (A. Ficuum)</i>NRRL 3135 and Recombinant Phytase (1998)

The glycosylation patterns of phytase (E C 3.1.3.8) from Aspergillus niger NRRL 3135 with recombinant phytase from A. niger van Tieghem were compared. The following characteristics were studied: size of the whole molecule, type of linkage (N-linked or O-linked oligosaccharide), profile (number of different type of oligosaccharides present), monosaccharide composition, their order, and configuration. The molecular weights of both glycoproteins, after deglycosylation, was approximately 55 kDa as determined by SDS-PAGE. Both glycoproteins were about 35.29% glycosylated (calculations were made on the basis of 85 kDa molecular weight before deglycosylation). Only N-linked oligosaccharides were present. When N-linked oligosaccharides were released and labeled, the same profile was obtained for both glycoproteins. Mannose residues were detected after digestion by combinations of various exoglycosidases. N-acetylneuraminic acid, galactose, and N-acetylglucosamine residues were not detected. Released mannose residues were (alpha 1-2,3,6) linked. The trisaccharide core structure was nonfucosylated for all the oligosaccharides released from both glycoproteins. The only major difference found between the two glycoproteins was the migration pattern of oligosaccharide bands on gel after digestion with alpha-mannosidases. The structure of N-linked oligosaccharides ranged from (Man)5(GlcNAc)2 to (Man)10 (GlcNAc)2.
Characteristics of the Tan-Lu Strike-Slip Fault and Its Controls on Hydrocarbon Accumulation in the Liaodong Bay Sub-Basin, Bohai Bay Basin, China (2011)

The Tan-Lu Fault, one of the major strike-slip structures in China, controlled the development of most of the Meso-Cenozoic NNE trend rifted petroliferous basins in east China. It has cut across the Bohai Bay Basin since the late Cenozoic and played an important role in hydrocarbon accumulation and distribution in the Liaodong Bay sub-basin of the Bohai Bay Basin. The purpose of this paper is to study the geometry of the Tan-Lu strike-slip and how it affected petroleum system development in the Liaodong Bay sub-basin. The innovative seismic interpretation revealed the western branch of the Tan-Lu strike-slip fault cut through the Liaozhong depression of the sub-basin and its eastern branch superimposed on the earlier extensional boundary fault of the sub-basin. The strike-slip movement is characterized by a distinctive strike-slip zone associated with the NE en echelon faults in the central part of the Liaozhong depression and also caused the formation of the Liaodong uplift and the Liaodong depression in the east Liaodong Bay Sub-basin. Rapid movement of the Tan-Lu strike-slip fault has deepened the Liaozhong depression and facilitated the maturation of source rock. Related fault movement formed a series of structural traps and paleotopographic highs and lows that subsequently controlled sediment dispersal and the distribution of stratigraphic-related traps within sequence stratigraphic framework. Exploration practice, geochemical study and petroleum system modeling demonstrate that the Tan-Lu strike-slip and its associated faults acted as good hydrocarbon migration pathways and hydrocarbon accumulated in many traps associated with the Tan-Lu strike-slip zone. Many recent discoveries along the strike-slip zone prove that the petroleum system in Liaodong Bay Sub-basin was mainly controlled by the activity of the Tan-Lu strike-slip. The resulting hydrocarbon accumulation model in this sub-basin may provide a paradigm for the prediction of hydrocarbon accumulation to other east China basins along the Tan-Lu strike-slip fault zone. Key words: Liaodong Bay Sub-basin; Tan-Lu strike-slip fault; Hydrocarbon accumulation; Petroleum system; Sequence stratigraphy
Molecular Structure and Mechanism of Action of the Crotoxin Inhibitor from <i>Crotalus durissus terrificus</i> Serum (1995)

An antivenom protein has been identified in the blood of the snake Crotalus durissus terrificus and proved to act by specifically neutralizing crotoxin, the main lethal component of rattlesnake venoms. The aim of this study was to purify the crotoxin inhibitor from Crotalus serum (CICS), and to analyze its mechanism of action. CICS has been purified from blood serum of the Crotalus snake by gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-Sephacel, and FPLC gel filtration on a Superose 12 column. It is an oligomeric glycoprotein of 130 kDa, made by the non-covalent association of 23-25-kDa subunits. Two different subunit peptides were identified by SDS/PAGE, however, their N-terminal sequences are identical. They are characterized by the absence of methionine residues and a high content of acidic, hydrophobic and cysteine residues. The neutralizing effect of purified CICS towards the neurotoxic effects of crotoxin has been demonstrated in vivo by lethality assays. CICS binds to the phospholipase subunit CB of crotoxin, but not to the acidic chaperon subunit CA; it efficiently inhibits the phospholipase activity of crotoxin and its isolated CB subunit and evokes the dissociation of the crotoxin complex. The molecular mechanism of the interaction between CICS and crotoxin seems to be very similar to that of crotoxin with its acceptor. It is, therefore, tempting to suggest that CICS acts physiologically as a false crotoxin acceptor that would retain the toxin in the vascular system, thus preventing its action on the neuromuscular system.
Assembly Technology Development for 3D Silicon Stacked Module for Handheld Products (2006)

The objective of this consortium research work is to develop a 3D SiP based on silicon platform technology for integrating heterogeneous multifunctional devices for handheld products with imaging application. The developed 3D SiP can be used for signal speed of 2Gbps with designed silicon through via structures and matched transmission lines. The thermal performance of the 3D SiP is optimized for 3 watts heat dissipation by natural convection cooling. This paper focuses on the process development of five key assembly technologies used to fabricate the 3D silicon carrier SiP. The five key assembly technologies are: (1) wafer thinning, (2) thin flip chip attach on silicon carrier, (3) ultra low loop wire bonding (4), glass cap fabrication and sealing and (5) carrier stacking. The developed SiP has 3 silicon carriers with 4 flip chip and 1 wire bond die chip attached to them and the carrier is stacked one above the other to form the 3D silicon carrier SiP. Key developments in the five assembly technologies include 8" bumped wafer thinning to 100mum, lower flip chip interconnect height between the chip and the carrier down to 35mum, 40 to 50mum low loop wire bonding on overhang by direct reverse wire bonding method using 1 mil diameter Au wire, investigation of 3 types of thin film metallization for wedge bonding, investigation of two different methods in fabricating glass cap 1, Si-anodic bond glass cap 2, SiUV adhesive bond glass cap and investigation on different types of adhesives for cap sealing
α<sub>L</sub>-Integrin I domain cyclic peptide antagonist selectively inhibits T cell adhesion to pancreatic islet microvascular endothelium (2004)

Insulitis is a hallmark feature of autoimmune diabetes that ultimately results in islet beta-cell destruction. We examined integrin requirements and specific inhibition of integrin structure in T cell and monocyte adhesion to pancreatic islet endothelium. Examination of cell surface integrin expression on WEHI 7.1 T cells revealed prominent expression of beta-, beta(1)-, alpha(L)-integrins, and low expression of alpha(M)-integrins; whereas WEHI 274.1 monocytes showed significant staining for beta(2)-, beta(1)-, alpha(M)-molecules and no expression of alpha(L)-molecules. Unstimulated islet endothelium showed constitutive levels of ICAM-1 counter-ligand expression with minimal VCAM-1 expression; however, TNF-alpha stimulation increased cell surface density of both molecules. TNF-alpha increased T cell and monocyte rolling and adhesion under hydrodynamic flow conditions. Administration of a cyclic peptide competitor for the alpha(L)-integrin I domain binding sites (cyclo1,12-PenITDGEATDSGC) blocked T cell adhesion without inhibiting monocyte adhesion. Examination of T cell rolling revealed that cLAB.L treatment increased the average rolling velocity on activated endothelium and significantly decreased the fraction of T cells rolling at < or =50 microm/s, suggesting that cLAB.L treatment interferes with signal activation events required for the conversion of T cell rolling to firm adhesion. These data demonstrate for the first time that cyclic peptide antagonists against alpha(L)-integrin I domain attenuate T cell recruitment to islet endothelium.
Minor ABO-Mismatches are Risk Factors for Acute Graft-versus-Host Disease in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Patients (2009)

We investigated the impact of ABO and Rhesus (Rh) blood group matching on the outcome of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) of 154 patients matched at 10/10 HLA loci with unrelated donors. ABO and Rh, as potential risk factors, were modeled with the clinical outcome--acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD, cGVHD), relapse, treatment-related mortality (TRM), and overall survival (OS)--by simple, multiple, and competing risk analyses. We found that minor ABO-mismatches represent a significant risk factor for aGVHD (II-IV) with an estimated risk increase of almost 3-fold (hazard ratio [HR]=2.92, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.43-5.95, P=.003), and even 4-fold for aGVHD (III-IV) (HR=4.24, 95% CI: 1.70-10.56, P=.002), but not for other transplant endpoints. No significant association of the Rh matching status with any of the HSCT endpoints was seen. These results suggest that ABO minor mismatches may play a role in aGvHD pathophysiology, possibly by providing the setting for T cell activation and antibody mediated damage. To decrease the risk of aGVHD, ABO matching should be considered in HSCT.
Synthesizing Neural Nets into Image Processing Hardware Using the CCC Behavioral Synthesizer (2013)

An integrated, formal high-Level synthesis (HLS) framework is used in this work for hardware implementation of cellular neural networks, which are used in real time image processing. The Custom Coprocessors Compilation (CCC) HLS behavioral synthesiser generates correct-by-construction register transfer - level (RTL) VHDL hardware models of computation-intensive applications. Thus, time-consuming RTL and gate-level simulations are avoided and verification time is cut down to a fraction of the usual time that takes to achieve the same goal with traditional approaches. Such applications include image processing with cellular neural networks (CNNs). The synthesizer utilizes formal compiler-compiler and logic programming techniques, to transform algorithmic ADA into RTL VHDL or Verilog which are directly implementable into hardware using any available RTL synthesizer. The CNNs were rapidly coded, compiled and verified along with all the necessary testbenches in GNU ADA. The applications targeted here are edge-detection, halftoning and morphological processing, which are used to evaluate the CCC HLS framework. The contribution of this work is hardware implementation of CNNs using the CCC HLS tools to formally, and rapidly develop, verify and prototype advanced image processing applications.
Variable Bioavailability of Oral Melatonin (1997)

To the Editor: It has been claimed that melatonin has many actions, mostly on the basis of uncontrolled studies of widely varying oral doses. It is commonly assumed that the administered dosage of melatonin bears a direct relation to its circulating concentration. We estimated the bioavailability of oral melatonin by determining the pharmacokinetics of intravenous bolus and oral doses of melatonin (Sigma Chemical, St. Louis) in four normal men (21 to 32 years old), who were given 20 μg intravenously on one occasion and 500 μg orally on a second occasion, with an interval of at least one month between . . .
Acetylation Behavior of Hydroxyethylated Wood Pulp (1977)

Not all cellulose sources are suitable for acetylation. When conventional acetylation procedures are followed, less highly purified wood pulps containing more than 4% hemicellulose do not produce satisfactory products. The higher hemicellulose content of these pulps results in acetone solutions with higher "false viscosities," dopes with poorer filtration characteristics, and end-products that are yellower. On the other hand, increases in the prices of acetylation-grade pulps over the past five or six years provide a strong incentive for using lower cost, less highly purified wood pulps. A possible solution to this ongoing dilemma of quality versus price involves structurally modifying lower grade pulps to produce treated pulps that acetylate satisfactorily. Since a number of alterations in the properties of cellulose and cellulose esters are reported to result from hydroxyethylation, the feasibility of modifying and improving low-purity wood pulps by hydroxyethylation with ethylene oxide was investigated. Experimental The hydroxyethylated pulps were prepared
Analysis of hot-potato optical networks with wavelength conversion (1999)

The performance of wavelength routed optical networks (WRONs) employing packet switching critically depends on packet contentions at the intermediate nodes. This paper shows that, when the active nodes are provided with a number of optical receivers/transmitters equal to the number of wavelengths, routing without buffers, known as hot-potato [1], in conjunction with full wavelength conversion becomes an interesting option to solve contentions in packet switching WRONs with regular meshed topologies, such as Manhattan Street (MS) network and ShuffleNet (SN). We analytically compare three implementations of the access function: (1) local arrivals are centrally managed with tunable transmitters, (2) local arrivals are centrally managed with fixed transmitters, and (3) local arrivals are evenly split among fixed, independently managed transmitters. The analysis shows that the simpler access scheme (3), surprisingly, gives better throughput/delay results at high loads than the centrally managed schemes. Results also indicate that, by using more than four wavelengths, a 64-node MS or SN network can work at full load with a delay which is within one hop of its lowest achievable value. The probability of deflection can be made quite low by increasing the number of wavelengths. Another interesting finding is that delay-line optical buffers at the node are a much more effective way of solving contentions than using wavelength conversion: four or more wavelengths are needed in nodes without buffers and with wavelength conversion to match the performance of nodes with one delay-line optical buffer per wavelength and without wavelength conversion. However, optical buffers increase the accumulation of intraband crosstalk and amplified spontaneous emission noise, while wavelength conversion can provide noise suppression and signal reshaping. Hence, in WRONs with a small number of wavelengths, and when the transmission is feasible, it may be preferable to use optical buffers without wavelength conversion. On the other extreme, buffers are not needed with a large number of wavelengths and with full wavelength conversion.
The physiological effects of hyperthermia. (1980)

In the application of hyperthermia to control cancer, physiological factors such as pH, pO2, and blood flow must be documented in vivo at normal and elevated temperatures for both the tumor and its normal host tissue. The present symposium was arranged to gather recent research done in this area and to expose the problems inherent in these efforts.
A Clone of Methicillin-Resistant<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>among Professional Football Players (2005)

We describe a highly conserved, community-associated MRSA clone that caused abscesses among professional football players and that was indistinguishable from isolates from various other regions of the United States.
Jitter Induced Symbol Slip rates in Next-Generation Ground Segment Receivers (2010)

NASA is in the process of modernizing its communications infrastructure to accompany the development of a Crew Exploration Vehicle (CEV) to replace the Space Shuttle. With this effort comes the opportunity to infuse more advanced coded modulation techniques, including low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes that offer greater coding gains than the current capability. However, in order to take full advantage of these codes, the ground segment receiver synchronization loops must be able to operate at a lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than supported by equipment currently in use. At low SNR, the receiver symbol synchronization loop will be increasingly sensitive to transmitter timing jitter. Excessive timing jitter can cause bit slips in the receiver synchronization loop, which will in turn cause frame losses and potentially lead to receiver and/or decoder loss-of-lock. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate what symbol timing jitter requirements on the satellite transmitter are needed to support the next generation of NASA coded modulation techniques. The work presented here is based on a series of receiver measurements at the Electronics Systems Test Laboratory (ESTL) in Johnson Space Center (JSC), coupled with empirical observations made on the performance of the symbol synchronizer loop. Measurements of ground segment receiver sensitivity to transmitter bit jitter were conducted at ESTL using a satellite transponder and two different commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) Staggered QPSK (SQPSK) receivers. The symbol synchronizer loop transfer functions were characterized for each COTS receiver. Symbol timing jitter was introduced at the transmitter. Effects of sinusoidal (tone) jitter on symbol error rate (SER) degradation and symbol slip probability were measured. These measurements were used to define regions of sensitivity to phase, frequency, and cycle-to-cycle jitter characterizations. An assortment of other band-limited jitter waveforms was then applied within each region to identify peak or root-mean-square measures as a basis for comparability. Results from the ESTL test and analysis indicate that the receiver symbol synchronization loop is more sensitive to certain types of symbol jitter and jitter frequencies, depending on the selection of the loop filter and damping ratio. It is also shown that the target symbol slip probability of less than 10 -12 can be achieved for E s /N 0 < -0.8 dB, provided that the timing jitter does not exceed certain limits and through proper selection of receiver synchronization loop parameters. A symbol timing jitter mask derived from the experimental data is presented, which would allow for less than 0.1 dB degradation in SER performance at low E s /N 0 due to transmit symbol timing jitter.
Daqing Oil Field: The Success of Two Pilots Initiates First Extension of Polymer Injection in a Giant Oil Field (1994)

Abstract Two highly successful polymer pilot experiments were carried out between 1987 and 1993 on the Daqing oil field (People Republic of China) after favorable laboratory results and preliminary reservoir studies. The Daqing oil field is a fluvio-deltaic formation with several sand beds and great heterogeneities. The oil is slightly viscous (9.5 cp), water is fresh and the temperature is 45°C, making the conditions favorable for polymer injection. Each pilot consisted of 4 injectors and 9 producers. One pilot was devoted to one reservoir, whereas simultaneous injection into two reservoirs was performed in the second pilot. Polymer injection was started in 1990 with a 915-ppm-solution of Polyacrylamide. Approximately 0.6 PV of solution was injected in each pilot, yielding a significant decrease in the water-cut and a respective oil production of 73 120 m3 and 1 1 8 950 m3 in April 1993. The results of the pilots were matched with a numerical simulator and interpreted in terms of reservoir description. The injection parameters were optimized in terms of viscosity and slug size, in order to extend the process to the whole field. The sensitivity of the process to the reservoir heterogeneity was also considered.
Sparse probit factor analysis for learning analytics (2013)

We develop a new model and algorithm for machine learning-based learning analytics, which estimate a learner's knowledge of the concepts underlying a domain. Our model represents the probability that a learner provides the correct response to a question in terms of three factors: their understanding of a set of underlying concepts, the concepts involved in each question, and each question's intrinsic difficulty. We estimate these factors given the graded responses to a set of questions. We develop a bi-convex algorithm to solve the resulting SPARse Factor Analysis (SPARFA) problem. We also incorporate user-defined tags on questions to facilitate the interpretability of the estimated factors. Experiments with synthetic and real-world data demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
Egocentric navigation for video surveillance in 3D Virtual Environments (2009)

Current surveillance systems can display many individual video streams within spatial context in a 2D map or 3D Virtual Environment (VE). The aim of this is to overcome some problems in traditional systems, e.g. to avoid intensive mental effort to maintain orientation and to ease tracking of motions between different screens. However, such integrated environments introduce new challenges in navigation and comprehensive viewing, caused by imperfect video alignment and complex 3D interaction. In this paper, we propose a novel, first-person viewing and navigation interface for integrated surveillance monitoring in a VE. It is currently designed for egocentric tasks, such a tracking persons or vehicles along several cameras. For these tasks, it aims to minimize the operator's 3D navigation effort while maximizing coherence between video streams and spatial context. The user can easily navigate between adjacent camera views and is guided along 3D guidance paths. To achieve visual coherence, we use dynamic video embedding: according to the viewer's position, translucent 3D video canvases are smoothly transformed and blended in the simplified 3D environment. The animated first-person view provides fluent visual flow which facilitates easier maintenance of orientation and can aid in spatial awareness. We discuss design considerations, the implementation of our proposed interface in our prototype surveillance system and demonstrate its use and limitations in various surveillance environments.
Migrating web application sessions in mobile computing (2005)

The capability to change user agent while working is starting to appear in state of the art mobile computing due to the proliferation of different kinds of devices, ranging from personal wireless devices to desktop computers, and to the consequent necessity of migrating working sessions from a device to a more apt one. Research results related to the hand-off at low level are not sufficient to solve the problem at application level. The paper presents a scheme for session hand-off in Web applications which, by exploiting a proxy-based architecture, is able to work without interventions on existing code.