gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Overexpression of SOD-2 reduces hippocampal superoxide and prevents memory deficits in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease (2009)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by impaired cognitive function and the deposition of extracellular amyloid plaques and intracellular tangles. Although the proximal cause of AD is not well understood, it is clear that amyloid-beta (Abeta) plays a critical role in AD pathology. Recent studies also implicate mitochondrial abnormalities in AD. We investigated this idea by crossing mice that overexpress mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD-2) with the Tg2576 mouse model of AD that overexpresses the human amyloid precursor protein carrying the Swedish mutation (K670N:M671L). We found that overexpression of SOD-2 decreased hippocampal superoxide, prevented AD-related learning and memory deficits, and reduced Abeta plaques. Interestingly, SOD-2 overexpression did not affect the absolute levels of Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42), but did significantly reduce the Abeta(1-42) to Abeta(1-40) ratio, thereby shifting the balance toward a less amyloidogenic Abeta composition. These findings directly link mitochondrial superoxide to AD pathology and demonstrate the beneficial effects of a mitochondrial anti-oxidant enzyme, hence offering significant therapeutic implications for AD.
Viscount stafford, 1680 (1921)

Journal Article Viscount stafford, 1680 Get access M. E. W. M. E. W. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s12-VIII, Issue 164, 4 June 1921, Page 454, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s12-VIII.164.454 Published: 04 June 1921
Density-functional study of oxygen vacancies in monoclinic tungsten oxide (2006)

A detailed study of the formation of neutral oxygen vacancies in monoclinic tungsten oxide (WO3) is performed within the framework of the self-consistent first-principles SIESTA method. This work reveals that the neutral oxygen vacancies are anisotropic with a strong correlation to the structural anisotropy of the WO3 monoclinic room temperature phase. We show that most of the structural relaxation around the vacancies occurs along a single straight line of W–O–W bonds and that the lowest energy corresponds to the formation of vacancies along the [001] crystallographic direction, where long and short W–O bonds alternate. Moreover, vacancies lead to the partial filling of the conduction band, in which 5d electronic states of the neighbouring W atoms dominate. In term of Mulliken population, the initial charge carried by the removed oxygen atom is almost recovered on the O and W atoms closest to the vacancy.
Instruction based power consumption estimation methodology (2003)

The paper presents a new model of the dynamic power dissipated by a circuit described at gate or behavioural level. A procedure is presented for an accurate estimate of the power dissipated during the execution of each instruction by using gate level or behavioural level digital simulations. The information on power consumption stored in a look-up table can be used in a system level simulation. The methodology has been applied to the design of an I/sup 2/C bus driver.
User daily activity pattern learning: A multi-memory modeling approach (2014)

In this paper, we propose a multi-memory model, ADLART model, to discover the daily activity pattern of a sensor monitored user from his/her activities of daily living (ADL). The proposed model mimics the human multiple memory system which comprises a working memory, an episodic memory, and a semantic memory. Through encoding user's daily activities patterns in episodic memory and extracting the regularities of activity routines in semantic memory, the ADLART system is able to learn, recognize, compare, and retrieve daily ADL patterns of the user. Experiments are presented to show the performance of the ADLART model using different parameter settings and its performance is discussed in details.
A three dimensional study of the retrusive movement of the mandible. (1987)

Retrusive movement from intercuspal position (ICP) to retruded contact position (RCP) has been investigated by many authors with various methods.However, 3 dimensional bodily movement of the mandible has not been yet enough investigated. The author wanted to clarify 3 dimensional movement pattern from ICP to RCP.The movements of 3 maxillary and 3 mandibular LED targets were measured and the retrusive movements of incisal point, 1st molars and condyles are calculated with Kyusyu University 3-D movement analyzing system. And also tooth contact was checked clinically.As the result, it was clarified that 3-D bodily retrusive movement pattern was more complex than had ever been thought. And the retrusive movement patterns of 10 cases were devided into 5 types. It is difficult to assume condyle movement from the observation of incisal retrusive movement. And tooth contact during retrusive movement act as an important role for movement pattern of the condyle.The discrepancy between ICP and RCP is thought to be one of etiologies of stomatognathic dysfunction. Therefore, when we examine patients of mandibular dysfunction, we had better keep in mind the complexity of the condyle movement.This article may give a basic suggestion as for mechanism of stomatognathic dysfunction.
Effective Low‐Temperature Aromatization of Ethane over H‐Galloaluminosilicate(MFI) Zeolites in the Presence of Higher Alkanes or Olefins (1997)

The high thermodynamic barrier for ethane aromatization at lower temperatures (400–500°C) over a H‐GaAlMFI zeolite can be overcome. Both ethane conversion and the yield of arenes drastically increase (4–80 ×) by carring out the aromatization in the presence of olefins or higher alkanes. The enhanced reactivity results from a change in the reaction mechanism, and a hydrogen‐transfer reaction takes place between ethane and higher olefins.
Hydrophilic Interaction Chromatography−Electrospray Mass Spectrometry Analysis of Polar Compounds for Natural Product Drug Discovery (1998)

For the drug discovery efforts currently taking place within the pharmaceutical industry, natural product extracts have been found to provide a valuable source of molecular diversity which is complementary to that provided by traditional synthetic organic methods or combinatorial chemistry. However, there exists a need for analytical tools that can facilitate the separation and characterization of components from these sources in a rapid manner. Specifically, the evaluation of highly polar compounds (i.e., compounds that cannot be retained on traditional reversed-phase stationary phases) has been challenging, and a hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HILIC-ESI-MS) method was developed to meet this need. In this investigation, amide-, Polyhydroxyethyl Aspartamide-, and cyclodextrin-based packings provided superior performance for the analysis of a set of polar natural product compounds. The properties of the mobile-phase buffers also greatly impacted the separations, and relative to other volatile buffering agents, ammonium acetate at a concentration of approximately 6.5 mM was determined to facilitate optimal HILIC retention, reproducibility, and durability. An optimized HILIC-ESI-MS system was successfully applied for the analysis of complex natural product mixtures. The techniques described in this report should also prove useful for the analysis of polar compounds from synthetic sources of molecular diversity such as combinatorial chemistry.
Study Of Soft Modes Using Infrared And Optic Techniques (2001)

Abstract Lattice vibrations which involve a fluctuating electric dipole have quite different properties from non-polar vibrations. In particular, they couple directly via the dipole moment to the radiation field in the crystal to form mixed phonon-photon modes which have a characteristic dispersion relation and are known as polaritons. Their frequencies generally depend on wavevector and on their polarization, and can be readily explored by direct absorption of infrared radiation or by the inelastic scattering of light. In this chapter, soft modes are viewed as damped harmonic oscillators with possibly temperature-dependent descriptive parameters. The effects of electronic contributions to electric dipole moment are discussed and represented by a single damped harmonic oscillator describing electron-shell vibrations about the ionic cores. The chapter also looks at the dielectric function and linear response, infrared spectra, Raman spectroscopy, some experimental studies, and Rayleigh scattering and critical opalescence.
Trends in Serum Lipids and Lipoproteins of Adults, 1960-2002 (2005)

The decrease in total cholesterol level observed during 1960-1994 and LDL cholesterol level observed during 1976-1994 has continued during 1999-2002 in men 60 to 74 years and women 50 to 74 years. The target value of no more than 17% of US adults with a total cholesterol level of at least 240 mg/dL (> or =6.22 mmol/L), an objective of Healthy People 2010, has been attained. The increase in the proportion of adults using lipid-lowering medication, particularly in older age groups, likely contributed to the decreases in total and LDL cholesterol levels observed. The increased prevalence of obesity in the US population may have contributed to the increase in mean serum triglyceride levels.
Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors increase growth rate with time (2016)

Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models are frequently used for translational cancer research, and are assumed to behave consistently as the tumor ages. However, growth rate constancy as a function of time is unclear. Notably, variable PDX growth rates over time might have implications for the interpretation of translational studies. We characterized four PDX models through several in vivo passages from primary human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and salivary gland adenoid cystic carcinoma. We developed a mathematical approach to merge growth data from different passages into a single measure of relative tumor volume normalized to study initiation size. We analyzed log-relative tumor volume increase with linear mixed effect models. Two oral pathologists analyzed the PDX tissues to determine if histopathological feature changes occurred over in vivo passages. Tumor growth rate increased over time. This was determined by repeated measures linear regression statistical analysis in four different PDX models. A quadratic statistical model for the temporal effect predicted the log-relative tumor volume significantly better than a linear time effect model. We found a significant correlation between passage number and histopathological features of higher tumor grade. Our mathematical treatment of PDX data allows statistical analysis of tumor growth data over long periods of time, including over multiple passages. Non-linear tumor growth in our regression models revealed the exponential growth rate increased over time. The dynamic tumor growth rates correlated with quantifiable histopathological changes that related to passage number in multiple types of cancer.
Effects of vinblastine and 5-fluorouracil on human glioma and thyroid cancer cell monolayers and spheroids. (1984)

The effects of the two antitumor drugs vinblastine and 5-fluorouracil on the growth of the human tumor cell lines U-118 MG (glioma) and HTh-7 (thyroid cancer) were analyzed. The cells were cultured both as monolayers and as multicellular spheroids and exposed to vinblastine (0.1, 1.0, or 10 micrograms/ml) or 5-fluorouracil (10, 100, or 1000 micrograms/ml) for 15 min, 2 hr, or 24 hr. The drugs induced growth delays of the monolayers and delays in the outgrowth of cells from spheroids which were placed on cell-adhesive surfaces. Cell cultures exposed to sublethal drug doses showed a dose-dependent lag period followed by regrowth at normal growth rates. In all cases with vinblastine exposures, the spheroids seemed more resistant to the drug treatments than did the monolayer cultures. Much smaller differences were obtained after treatments with 5-fluorouracil. The three-dimensional arrangement of cells in spheroids giving rise to, e.g., nutrient and proliferation gradients may, to some extent, be responsible for the increased resistance. The spheroids were especially resistant to short treatments with vinblastine. This was probably due to penetration barriers.
A novel recurrent mutation in MITF predisposes to familial and sporadic melanoma (2011)

So far, two genes associated with familial melanoma have been identified, accounting for a minority of genetic risk in families. Mutations in CDKN2A account for approximately 40% of familial cases, and predisposing mutations in CDK4 have been reported in a very small number of melanoma kindreds. Here we report the whole-genome sequencing of probands from several melanoma families, which we performed in order to identify other genes associated with familial melanoma. We identify one individual carrying a novel germline variant (coding DNA sequence c.G1075A; protein sequence p.E318K; rs149617956) in the melanoma-lineage-specific oncogene microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). Although the variant co-segregated with melanoma in some but not all cases in the family, linkage analysis of 31 families subsequently identified to carry the variant generated a log of odds (lod) score of 2.7 under a dominant model, indicating E318K as a possible intermediate risk variant. Consistent with this, the E318K variant was significantly associated with melanoma in a large Australian case-control sample. Likewise, it was similarly associated in an independent case-control sample from the United Kingdom. In the Australian sample, the variant allele was significantly over-represented in cases with a family history of melanoma, multiple primary melanomas, or both. The variant allele was also associated with increased naevus count and non-blue eye colour. Functional analysis of E318K showed that MITF encoded by the variant allele had impaired sumoylation and differentially regulated several MITF targets. These data indicate that MITF is a melanoma-predisposition gene and highlight the utility of whole-genome sequencing to identify novel rare variants associated with disease susceptibility.
Biological Effects of Radiofrequency Energy as Related to Health and Safety (2005)

Abstract This article reviews biological effects of radiofrequency energy with emphasis on effects with clear implications for to human health and safety. The rationale for two major exposure limits is described. Major areas of controversy about health effects of low‐level radiofrequency energy are described, both as related to uncertainities in the scientific data and in large variations in exposure limits around the world.
Unix backup and recovery (1999)

From the Publisher:
Unix Backup & Recovery provides a complete overview of all facets of Unix backup and recovery, and offers practical, affordable backup and solutions for environments of all sizes and budgets. The book begins with detailed explanations of the native backup utilities to the Unix administrator, and ends with practical advice on choosing a commercial backup utility. 
This book: 
Describes the features, limitations, and syntax of Unix backup and restore utilities,(including dump, tar, cpio, dd, GNUtar, and GNUcpio) for many popular versions of Unix, including AIX, Compaq Unix, HP-UX, IRIX, SCO, Solaris, and Linux Provides instructions for installing and configuring freely backup systems such as AMANDA Includes ready-to-run shell scripts that automate live backups of Informix, Oracle, and Sybase databases Presents step-by-step procedures for Oracle, Informix, and Sybase Presents step-by-step bare-metal procedures for AIX, Compaq Unix, HP-UX, IRIX, Solaris, and Linux Describes the design of disaster recovery and highly available systems Provides guidance on choosing a commercial backup and system Describes the features and limitations of backup hardware
Complementary Roles of Spark Range and Onboard Free-Flight Measurements for Projectile Development (2009)

Abstract : The U.S. Army Research Laboratory maintains capabilities for both external (ground-based, i.e., spark range) and onboard sensor system (telemetry- and recorder-based) methodologies for obtaining free-flight motion measurements of projectiles. These two methodologies were developed independently and until recently had been applied in projectile development programs without a thorough consideration of their synergistic interrelationship. Such a consideration is presented herein as a means for appropriating the benefits of each in a unified manner, thus making better use of available time and resources. A brief description of the two methodologies, their development histories, and their strengths and limitations is made. Complementary aspects are identified that can contribute to projectile development by accelerating progress, mitigating risks, and reducing costs. Future areas of instrumentation and technique advancement are cited that will positively impact the evolution of the complementary roles of ground- and telemetry-based methodologies.
Bioinformatics Analyses Reveal Age-Specific Neuroimmune Modulation as a Target for Treatment of High Ethanol Drinking (2013)

Our results are a proof of concept that bioinformatics analysis of brain gene expression can lead to the generation of new hypotheses and a positive translational outcome for individualized pharmacotherapeutic treatment of high alcohol consumption.
Conformational Properties of Pig-Heart Cytoplasmic Aspartate Aminotransferase. Circular-Dichroism and Absorption-Spectroscopic Study of Dicarboxylate Binding (1975)

1. The interaction between aspartate aminotransferase and dicarboxylates of various chain lengths and geometries has been studied from pH 6.5 TO 8.5 by circular dichroism (CD) and absorption spectroscopy. Liganding causes protonation of the pyridoxal phosphate-enzyme Schiff's base complex; the consequent changes in optical properties deltaAlambda, deltaCDlambda at the coenzyme maxima (lambda = 363 or 430 nm) are analysed for binding constants and the degree of perturbation of the coenzyme protonic dissociation constant, pKa. 2. Aliphate dicarboxylates follow linear binding functions for all optical parameters; in contrast, m and p-phthalates follow non-linear binding functions for both deltaAlambda and deltaCDlambda, implying that successive phthalate ligands bind with decreasing affinity. The ratio detlaCDlambda is effectively constant for a given ligand and the characteristic values for aromatic ligands indicate a changed environment for the coenzyme. 3. Inspection of the non-linear process for phthalates suggests that initially, binding occurs with high affinity, but with characteristically small effects on pKa. It is inferred that alipathic and aromatic dicarboxylates bind at different subsites in the active site region, perturbing the coenzyme pKa by an indirect protein-mediated mechanism. 4. Non-linearity of binding could derive from multiple binding to an individual subunit. Alternatively, different single sites may exist on adjacent subunits of the dimer, implying non-equivalence between otherwise identical subunits, expressed in properties involving groups close to the active site.
Localization, synthesis, and activity of an antigenic site on influenza virus hemagglutinin. (1983)

This paper reports the antigenicity of the fusion region of the influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA). Two peptides, comprising the fusion region (residues 1-11 of the HA2 part of HA) of strain A and strain B influenza virus, were synthesized and their abilities to bind rabbit, goat, and human anti-influenza antibodies were determined. In addition, 30 anti-HA monoclonal antibodies were examined for their ability to bind the synthetic peptides. In quantitative immunoadsorbent titrations, the two peptides bound considerable amounts of antibodies in rabbit and goat antisera against virus or HA of the A or B strain as well as in several human sera from patients recovering from influenza A. Of the 30 anti-HA monoclonal antibodies, 5 bound completely and 4 bound partially to the peptides. Antibodies were raised in rabbits against the peptides by immunizing with peptide-bovine serum albumin conjugates or with the free peptides. Anti-peptide antibodies were bound by HA and by the intact virus of the respective strain. However, these antisera failed to exhibit significant virus neutralizing activity. In contrast, the monoclonal antibodies that reacted with these peptides inhibited viral infectivity. The results clearly show that residues 1-11 of HA2 represent an important antigenic site on influenza virus.
Quantum Chemistry in the Age of Machine Learning (2020)

As the quantum chemistry (QC) community embraces machine learning (ML), the number of new methods and applications based on the combination of QC and ML is surging. In this Perspective, a view of the current state of affairs in this new and exciting research field is offered, challenges of using machine learning in quantum chemistry applications are described, and potential future developments are outlined. Specifically, examples of how machine learning is used to improve the accuracy and accelerate quantum chemical research are shown. Generalization and classification of existing techniques are provided to ease the navigation in the sea of literature and to guide researchers entering the field. The emphasis of this Perspective is on supervised machine learning.
Human P2Y<sub>2</sub> receptor polymorphism: identification and pharmacological characterization of two allelic variants (1999)

1. In the process of cloning the human P2Y2 receptor in order to establish 1321N1 cell lines expressing this receptor, we detected a gene polymorphism characterized by an arginine 334 to cysteine 334 transition. 2. The frequency distribution of the polymorphism was studied in a European population. We observed that 66% of the tested persons are homozygotes R/R, 29% are heterozygotes R/C and 5% are homozygotes C/C. The frequency of the R allele was 0.8 versus 0.2 for the C allele. 3. We stably expressed each form of the human P2Y2 receptor into 1321N1 cells and isolated clones by limiting dilution. The effects of nucleotides and antagonists on inositol trisphosphate accumulation and cyclic AMP formation were compared between the two cell lines. 4. The time-courses of inositol trisphosphate accumulation as well as concentration-response curves characterizing the effects of UTP, ATP, AP4A and ATP gamma S were mostly similar, except for slight kinetic differences (slower time-course with the 334C form). 5. The sensitivity to pertussis toxin of inositol trisphosphates accumulation was critically dependent on the agonist concentration and stimulation duration, suggesting the involvement of a Gi.0 protein during the early stimulation by low nucleotide concentrations. No inhibition of cyclic AMP accumulation could be detected. These properties were observed with both polymorphic receptors.
A watch-type human activity detector for the aged care (2012)

Human activity recognition is widely researched in the various filed these days. For the aged care, the one of the most important activities of old people is fall, since it causes often serious physical and psychological results. Many researchers have studied human activity recognition techniques in various domains; however none released to a commercial product satisfying the old people requirements, which are comfortable to wear it, weight-lighted and having exact accuracy to detect emergency activity and longer battery durance. Thus, to address them, we propose a systematic evaluating procedure for getting best minimum feature sets and best classification accuracy. We also do experiments for comparing the two features reduction techniques and four classification techniques in order to discriminate four each basic human activities, such as fall for the aged care, walking, hand related shocks and lastly general activity which is just last all arbitrary behaviour except existed three other patterns.