gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New mutation causing hereditary hepatitis in the laboratory rat (1987)

A new mutant causing hereditary hepatitis associated with severe jaundice has been discovered in the LEC strain of rats. Hepatitis appears suddenly in adult rats three to four months after birth. The clinical signs of hepatitis are characterized by severe jaundice, subcutaneous bleeding, oliguria, and loss of body weight. The affected rats showed a high lethality and histological changes of the liver with focal necrosis of enlarged hepatocytes without inflammatory cell response. Genetic tests indicate that at least a single autosomal recessive gene is responsible for the major cause of hepatitis. Furthermore, liver cancer appears in long survived rats after recovery from jaundice as well as a few asymptomatic rats without jaundice. The LEC rats thus provide an animal model useful for the basic and clinical studies of hepatitis and liver cancer, including their pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment.
Evaluation of Improved Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3α Inhibitors in Models of Acute Myeloid Leukemia (2015)

The challenge for glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) inhibitor design lies in achieving high selectivity for one isoform over the other. The therapy of certain diseases, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), may require α-isoform specific targeting. The scorpion shaped GSK-3 inhibitors developed by our group achieved the highest GSK-3α selectivity reported so far but suffered from insufficient aqueous solubility. This work presents the solubility-driven optimization of our isoform-selective inhibitors using a scorpion shaped lead. Among 15 novel compounds, compound 27 showed high activity against GSK-3α/β with the highest GSK-3α selectivity reported to date. Compound 27 was profiled for bioavailability and toxicity in a zebrafish embryo phenotype assay. Selective GSK-3α targeting in AML cell lines was achieved with compound 27, resulting in a strong differentiation phenotype and colony formation impairment, confirming the potential of GSK-3α inhibition in AML therapy.
Controlling the Solid-Phase Nucleation of Amorphous Si by Means of a Substrate Step Structure and Local Phosphorus Doping (1993)

We propose a solid-phase crystallization technique that controls the location of crystal grain formation on SiO 2 substrates. This enables the formation of electronic devices in a single grain. To determine the condition of the technique, the nucleation characteristics of amorphous Si with P- and B-doping are investigated. Also, the characteristics with and without step structures on the substrate surface are reported and discussed. The various nucleation behaviors can be interpreted in terms of the critical size of the nucleus and of the rate of crystal growth.
Sealing of plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings by sol-gel process (1994)

Plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings containing a number of porosity (including connected porosity) are weak in corrosion and the mechanical abrasion. To improve the ceramic coating properties such as wear and corrosion resistance and resistance to very high temperature, the sealing of ceramic coatings with inorganic materials is very effective. In this research, the sealing of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} coatings plasma-sprayed on SS41 steel is examined with the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} or SiO{sub 2} depositions by sol-gel process, which is one of the low temperature heat processes for producing inorganic solids. The sealing of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} coatings by sol-gel process makes the connected porosity of the coatings decrease evidently, which is obtained from anodic polarization curves measured by electrochemical method. Furthermore, it is also admitted by means of EDX analysis that this sealing of plasma-sprayed ceramic coatings by sol-gel process impregnates even the neighbor surface of substrate and seals the connected porosity.
Estradiol promotes the development of a fibrotic phenotype and is increased in the serum of patients with systemic sclerosis (2013)

Our findings implicate estrogens in the fibrotic process and may explain the preponderance of SSc in women. ICI 182,780 or other ER signaling antagonists may be effective agents for the treatment of fibrosis.
Flexural and impact properties of sandwich panels used in surfboard construction (1993)

Surfboards represent a particularly simple example of sandwich panel construction and are conventionally made from a preshaped low density polyurethane foam core encased in an E-glass/polyester skin. They are made to minimum weight and thickness and as a result suffer durability problems. The boards are particularly prone to denting due to impact damage, causing principally cosmetic problems. More importantly, they frequently snap under normal service conditions. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the use of higher performance materials for the skins, notably S-glass and epoxy resin, to improve the durability of surfboards. This work examines the failure of simple parallel faced panels fabricated to simulate a section of a surfboard. It is shown that when loaded in four point bending, the panels fail by compression of the core and that this mode of failure produces the same characteristics as seen in service failures. Further, the flexural strength is dominated by the behavior of the core and is not improved appreciably by the use of S-glass or epoxy resin. On the other hand, the impact resistance is improved by the use of S-glass and further improved if epoxy resin is used as the matrix.
Cloning, characterization, and expression of a human calcitonin receptor from an ovarian carcinoma cell line. (1992)

A human ovarian small cell carcinoma line (BIN-67) expresses abundant calcitonin (CT) receptors (CTR) (143,000 per cell) that are coupled, to adenylate cyclase. The dissociation constants (Kd) for the CTRs on these BIN-67 cells is approximately 0.42 nM for salmon CT and approximately 4.6 nM for human CT. To clone a human CTR (hCTR), a BIN-67 cDNA library was screened using a cDNA probe from a porcine renal CTR (pCTR) that we recently cloned. One positive clone of 3,588 bp was identified. Transfection of this cDNA into COS cells resulted in expression of receptors with high affinity for salmon CT (Kd = approximately 0.44 nM) and for human CT (Kd = approximately 5.4 nM). The expressed hCTR was coupled to adenylate cyclase. Northern analysis with the hCTR cDNA probe indicated a single transcript of approximately 4.2 kb. The cloned cDNA encodes a putative peptide of 490 amino acids with seven potential transmembrane domains. The amino acid sequence of the hCTR is 73% identical to the pCTR, although the hCTR contains an insert of 16 amino acids between transmembrane domain I and II. The structural differences may account for observed differences in binding affinity between the porcine renal and human ovarian CTRs. The CTRs are closely related to the receptors for parathyroid hormone-parathyroid hormone-related peptide and secretin; these receptors comprise a distinct family of G protein-coupled seven transmembrane domain receptors. Interestingly, the hCTR sequence is remotely related to the cAMP receptor of Dictyostelium discoideum (21% identical), but is not significantly related to other G protein-coupled receptor sequences now in the data bases.
MOS-Controlled thyristors&#8212;A new class of power devices (1986)

A new class of power devices is described that is based on an optimal combination of MOS and thyristor elements. Devices of this class function in the ON-state and OFF-state in a manner indistinguishable from a thyristor yet can switch from on-to-off or off-to-on by applying a voltage to its MOS gate. Thus, the devices exhibit extremely low forward drop, high surge current capability, and enjoy negative thermal feedback. To turn off the device, one activates the gate so that FET's are turned on to effectively short one of the emitting junctions of the thyristor. These FET's need only block a maximum of about 1 V when off and carry a sizable current for about 1 µs when on. To turn on the device, any of the normal methods may be employed. However, it is most convenient to use the same MOS gate electrode (and polysilicon layer) and a voltage of the opposite polarity to turn on the thyristor with another FET-just as if it were a normal MOS gated thyristor. The current density that can be turned off depends on the density and effective resistance of the turn-off FET's while turn-on speed and di/ dt rating depend on the initial turn-on area, which in turn depends on the density of the ON-FET's. If the OFF-gate voltage is maintained during the desired OFF-state period, the device has, effectively, an infinite dv/dt capability. Switching speed is most similar to, but somewhat faster than, that of gate turn-off thyristors (GTO's) and, as in other bipolar devices, depends chiefly on carrier recombination time, device thickness, and turn-off <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">di/dt</tex> .
Contributions of gaze-centered and object-centered coding in a double-step saccade task (2016)

The position of a saccade target can be encoded in gaze-centered coordinates, that is, relative to the current gaze position, or in object-centered coordinates, that is, relative to an object in the environment. We tested the role of gaze-centered and object-centered coding in a double-step saccade task involving the Brentano version of the Müller-Lyer illusion. The two visual targets were presented either sequentially, requiring gaze-centered coding of the second saccade target, or simultaneously, thereby providing additional object-centered information about the location of the second target relative to the first. We found that the endpoint of the second saccade was affected by the illusion, irrespective of whether the targets were presented sequentially or simultaneously, suggesting that participants used a gaze-centered updating strategy. We found that variability in saccade endpoints was reduced when object-centered information was consistently available but not when its presence varied from trial to trial. Our results suggest that gaze-centered coding is dominant in the planning of sequential saccades, whereas object-centered information plays a relatively small role.
Circulating MicroRNA Is a Biomarker of Biliary Atresia (2012)

Circulating levels of the miR-200b/429 cluster are elevated in infants with BA and have promising diagnostic clinical performance.
<i>Escherichia coli</i> AspP activity is enhanced by macromolecular crowding and by both glucose‐1,6‐bisphosphate and nucleotide‐sugars (2007)

Escherichia coli ADP-sugar pyrophosphatase (AspP) is a "Nudix" hydrolase that catalyzes the hydrolytic breakdown of ADP-glucose linked to glycogen biosynthesis. Moderate increases of AspP activity in the cell are accompanied by significant reductions of the glycogen content. In vitro analyses showed that AspP activity is strongly enhanced by macromolecular crowding and by both glucose-1,6-bisphosphate and nucleotide-sugars, providing a first set of indicative evidences that AspP is a highly regulated enzyme. To our knowledge, AspP is the sole bacterial enzyme described to date which is activated by both G1,6P(2) and nucleotide-sugars.
Determination of the reflection coefficients of laser light of wavelengths λ∊(022 μm,200 μm) from the surface of aluminum using the Lorentz-Drude model (1990)

Using four different fitting methods, the applicability of the Lorentz-Drude (LD) model has been investigated for calculating the reflection coefficients of the laser light of wavelengths of lambda(0.22 microm,200 microm) from the surface of aluminum. The applicability of the LD model has been established not only in the IR region but also in the visible and UV regions. The values of plasma frequency omega(rho) and damping frequency I have been determined. The values of the reflection coefficients calculated by the LD model have been compared with corresponding experimental values. It has been established that in both the far and medium IR region as well as in both the visible and UV, discrepancies are smaller than 3%. The maximum discrepancy is smaller than 7% and occurs in a narrow region (~lambda = 0.825 microm), where aluminum strongly absorbs caused by band-band transitions.
WATER CONTENT AND INFRARED TRANSMISSION OF SIMPLE GLASSES* (1947)

A bstract Since glasses, which are high in silica or boric oxide content, have high absorption in the region of 2.7 to 3.0 microns, a study of the transmission characteristics of several simple glasses has been made. Measurements of a variety of commercially available samples (5 mm. thick) of fused silica showed absorption in the 2.70‐micron band to vary from strong to essentially absent. Measurements of a number of samples (1 mm.) of fused boric oxide showed the 2.85 band to be variable and to be absent in some samples. The samples which did not show a minimum were prepared by bubbling the melt with boron trichloride to remove water and by casting between two pieces of platinum foil. The foil was removed in an anhydrous atmosphere at the time of measurement. Similar measurements on fused sodium tetraborate samples (1 mm.) showed the minimum at 2.95 microns to be variable but not completely removed. Bubbling was carried out with dry air in this case since boron trichloride reacts with sodium tetraborate. The above bands are attributed to the OH vibrational absorption introduced by the water content of the glass. It is suggested that the exact position of the band might be an indication of the strength of bonding with the principal components of the glass.
Implementation of a secure gateway on Hughes Aircraft's engineering design network (2002)

The implementation of a secure gateway on the Ethernet-based engineering design network (EDEN) at Hughes Aircraft Company is described. The philosophy and approach of the implementation are outlined along with some of the limitations of the design in terms of overall security. The implementation meets most of the primary objectives of the initial design. The design is simple and elegant and also is flexible enough to easily add functions to the gateway which was indeed the case in later enhancements to the gateway. Some limitations in security can be controlled by careful monitoring of all nodes on the network.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SIRT1 Suppresses Activator Protein-1 Transcriptional Activity and Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Macrophages (2009)

SIRT1 (Sirtuin type 1), a mammalian orthologue of yeast SIR2 (silent information regulator 2), has been shown to mediate a variety of calorie restriction (CR)-induced physiological events, such as cell fate regulation via deacetylation of the substrate proteins. However, whether SIRT1 deacetylates activator protein-1 (AP-1) to influence its transcriptional activity and target gene expression is still unknown. Here we demonstrate that SIRT1 directly interacts with the basic leucine zipper domains of c-Fos and c-Jun, the major components of AP-1, by which SIRT1 suppressed the transcriptional activity of AP-1. This process requires the deacetylase activity of SIRT1. Notably, SIRT1 reduced the expression of COX-2, a typical AP-1 target gene, and decreased prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) production of peritoneal macrophages (pMPhis). pMPhis with SIRT1 overexpression displayed improved phagocytosis and tumoricidal functions, which are associated with depressed PGE(2). Furthermore, SIRT1 protein level was up-regulated in CR mouse pMPhis, whereas elevated SIRT1 decreased COX-2 expression and improved PGE(2)-related macrophage functions that were reversed following inhibition of SIRT1 deacetylase activity. Thus, our results indicate that SIRT1 may be a mediator of CR-induced macrophage regulation, and its deacetylase activity contributes to the inhibition of AP-1 transcriptional activity and COX-2 expression leading to amelioration of macrophage function.
Involvement of angiotensin II and endothelin in matrix protein production and renal sclerosis (1994)

Although the renal-protective effects of ACE inhibitors in experimental and human renal injury may reflect systemic and/or local hemodynamic effects of these drugs, their modulatory actions on extracellular matrix synthesis and proteinuria may contribute to the benefit of ACE-inhibitor therapy.
An NMOS voltage reference (1978)

An NMOS temperature-stable voltage reference, affording - in breadboard results - a temperature drift of less than 6 PPM/°C, will be described. Calculations show that less than 2 PPM/°C can be achieved with proper choice of device geometries.
Formal worst-case performance analysis of time-sensitive Ethernet with frame preemption (2016)

One of the key challenges in future Ethernet-based automotive and industrial networks is the low-latency transport of time-critical data. To date, Ethernet frames are sent non-preemptively. This introduces a major source of delay, as, in the worst-case, a latency-critical frame might be blocked by a frame of lower priority, which started transmission just before the latency-critical frame. The upcoming IEEE 802.3br standard will introduce Ethernet frame preemption to address this problem. While high-priority traffic benefits from preemption, lower-priority (yet still latency-sensitive) traffic experiences a certain overhead, impacting its timing behavior. In this paper, we present a formal timing analysis for Ethernet to derive worst-case latency bounds under preemption. We use a realistic automotive Ethernet setup to analyze the worst-case performance of standard Ethernet and Ethernet TSN under preemption and also compare our results to non-preemptive implementations of these standards.
In vivo accumulation of self-assembling dye Congo red in an area marked by specific immune complexes: possible relevance to chemotherapy. (2004)

Supramolecular micellar structures have been proposed as carriers in aim-oriented drug transportation to a target marked by specific immune complexes. In this study, the self-assembling dye Congo red was used as a model supramolecular carrier and its accumulation in the target was studied in vivo. The target was created in vivo as the local specific inflammation provoked by subcutaneous injection of antigen to the ear of a previously immunized rabbit. The color caused by accumulation of Congo red after its intravenous injection was registered by pictures of the ear with suitably filtered visible light shining through it to distinguish Congo red against the background color of hemoglobin. The results confirmed the expected accumulation and retention of Congo red in the inflammation area marked by deposits of specific immune complexes. The role of albumin and its possible interference with transportation of drugs through the blood by supramolecular carriers was also subjected to preliminary examination. The results revealed that albumin collaborates rather than interferes with drug transportation; this is another factor making the use of supramolecular carriers for aim-oriented chemotherapy highly promising.
The probiotic properties of propionibacteria (1999)

The beneficial properties of lactic acid bacteria have been extensively studied and there is scientific evidence that support their use as food microbial supplements. Sorne potential probiotic properties have been clearly demonstrated for lactobacilli and other genera but not for propionibacteria (PAB). This article reports the effect of feeding propionibacteria on the composition and the metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora related to faecal enzymes involved in the release of carcinogenic compounds. The studies were carried out with four strains of Propionibacterium. The effect of feeding with PAB was evaluated in Balb/c mice receiving conventional solid food or food supplemented with meat over varying time periods. The results indicate that this feeding influences the composition of the intestinal microf1ora, specially modifying the number of anaerobes and coliforms in the caecal content. The metabolic activity of the resident microf1ora was also modified by feeding with propionibacteria. The greatest effect was observed on ~-glucuronidase activity. However, some differences were also observed on azoreductase and nitroreductase activities. The data suggest that PAB may have a role in the prevention of colon cancer. InralElsevier, Paris.
Diffusion and Flow Across Nanoporous Polydicyclopentadiene-Based Membranes (2009)

We report gas and liquid transport measurements through membranes that have 40% voids made of 14 nm pores. A reactive polylactide-polynorbornenylethylstyrene block polymer is used as a structural template in the polymerization of dicyclopentadiene during the membrane formation process. After the membrane is cast, the pore structure is formed by etching the polylactide component using dilute aqueous base. The pore structure is isotropic; therefore, there is no need for special alignment techniques. Knudsen diffusion experiments and water flow experiments show pores with a tortuosity of 1.81 and a size of 14 nm, a diameter consistent with nitrogen adsorption and small-angle X-ray scattering measurements. These membranes are effective for ultrafiltration, with molecular weight cutoffs (MWCO) consistent with theoretical predictions with no adjustable parameters. These MWCO's can be tuned by changing the size of the constituent blocks in the templating copolymer.
Field-Induced Strain Under Load in Ni-Mn-Ga Magnetic Shape Memory Materials (1998)

Single-crystal Ni2MnGa shows a nearly 0.2% strain under a magnetic field of 8 kOe at 28 °C. Polycrystalline samples have been prepared near stoichiometry to study the composition dependence of the magnetic and elastic properties. A narrow band of compositions has been found having a range of Curie and martensitic transformation temperatures, Tc and T0 , extending to above room temperature. The compressive stress–strain characteristics in variable transverse field were studied in samples selected to have T0 just below room temperature. Stress-induced martensite was observed as expected and the magnetic field was applied under fixed load for various stresses. A transverse field of 3200 Oe caused the sample to strain under load doing work that increased up to 1.3 J/kg with increasing volume fraction of stress-induced martensite. © 1998 American Institute of Physics. @S0021-8979~98!41211-8#
An ABC‐transporter of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> has both glutathione‐conjugate and chlorophyll catabolite transport activity (1998)

An ABC-transporter of Arabidopsis thaliana exhibiting high sequence similarity to the human (MRP1) and yeast (YCF1) glutathione-conjugate transporters has been analysed and used to complement a cadmium-sensitive yeast mutant (DTY168) that also lacks glutathione-conjugate transport activity. Comparison of the hydrophobicity plots of this A. thaliana MRP-like protein with MRP1 and YCF1 demonstrates that the transmembrane domains are conserved, even at the N-terminus where sequence identity is low. Cadmium resistance is partially restored in the complemented ycf1 mutant, and glutathione-conjugate transport activity can be observed as well. The kinetic properties of the A. thaliana MRP-like protein (AtMRP3) are very similar to those previously described for the vacuolar glutathione-conjugate transporter of barley and mung bean. Furthermore, a hitherto undescribed ATP-dependent transport activity could be correlated with the gene product, i.e. vesicles isolated from the complemented yeast, but not from DTY168 or the wild type, take up the chlorophyll catabolite Bn-NCC-1. The results indicate that the product of the MRP-like gene of A. thaliana is capable of mediating the transport of the two different classes of compounds.