gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bloodstain Pattern Analysis with an Introduction to Crime Scene Reconstruction (2008)

Bloodstain Analysis: Its Function and a Historical Perspective. Crime Scene Analysis and Reconstruction. Terminology. Understanding the Medium of Blood. Determining Motion and Directionality. Determining Point of Convergence and Point of Origin. Evaluating Impact Spatter Bloodstains. Characteristic Patterns of Blood Which Aid in Analysis. Documenting Bloodstains. Documenting the Reconstruction of a Crime. Automation Applications in Bloodstain Pattern Analysis and Crime Scene Reconstruction. Presenting Evidence at Trial. Dealing with Bloodborne Pathogens. Bibliography. Appendices.
Software for interactive on-line conferences (1984)

A layered architecture for the implementation of real-time conferences is presented. In a real-time conference a group of users each at his or her own workstation, share identical views of on-line application information. The users cooperate in a problem solving task by interactively modifying or editing the shared view or the underlying information, and can use a voice communication channel for discussion and negotiation. The lower layer in this architecture, named Ensemble, supports the sharing of arbitrary application-defined objects among the participants of a conference, and the manipulation of these objects via one or more application-defined groups of commands called activities. Ensemble provides generic facilities for sharing objects and activities, and for dynamically adding and removing participants in a conference; these can be used in constructing real-time conferencing systems for many different applications. An example is presented of how the Ensemble functions can be used to implement a shared bitmap with independent participant cursors. The relation between this layered architecture and the ISO Open Systems Interconnection reference model is discussed. In particular, it is argued that Ensemble represents a plausible first step toward a Session-layer protocol for “multi-endpoint connections”, a neglected area of communication protocol development.
Wide velocity range Doppler optical microangiography using optimized step-scanning protocol with phase variance mask (2013)

We propose a simple and optimized method for acquiring a wide velocity range of blood flow using Doppler optical microangiography. After characterizing the behavior of the scanner in the fast scan axis, a step-scanning protocol is developed by utilizing repeated A-scans at each step. Multiple velocity range images are obtained by the high-pass filtering and Doppler processing of complex signals between A-scans within each step with different time intervals. A phase variance mask is then employed to segment meaningful Doppler flow signals from noisy phase background. The technique is demonstrated by imaging in vivo mouse brain with skull left intact to provide bidirectional images of cerebral blood flow with high quality and wide velocity range.
Heparin-induced leukocyte lysis in vitro. (1986)

An investigation on the effect of heparin on leukocytes in vitro was conducted. We have demonstrated that heparin and other mucopolysaccharides destroyed leukocytes as judged by macromolecule leakage. The cytotoxicity of heparin was suppressed by protamine. A medium which mimics intracellular ionic conditions was found to suppress the cytotoxicity of heparin. Macromolecule leakage induced by heparin is thought to be facilitated by passive ion flux. Mepacrine, a phospholipase inhibitor, suppressed the heparin-induced macromolecule leakage from leukocytes. Thus, the activation of phospholipase appears to be involved in the cytotoxicity of heparin. These results suggest that activation of phospholipase and passive movement of ions may be important steps for the heparin-induced leukocyte lysis in vitro.
Minerva: Accelerating Data Analysis in Next-Generation SSDs (2013)

Emerging non-volatile memory (NVM) technologies have DRAM-like latency with storage-like density, offering unique capability to analyze large data sets significantly faster than flash or disk storage. However, the hybrid nature of these NVM technologies such as phase-change memory (PCM) make it difficult to use them to best advantage in the memory-storage hierarchy. These NVMs lack the fast write latency required of DRAM and are thus not suitable as DRAM equivalent on the memory bus, yet their low latency even in random access patterns is not easily exploited over an I/O bus. In this work, we describe an FPGA-based system to execute application-specific operations in the NVM controller and evaluate its performance on two microbenchmarks and a keyvalue store. Our system Minerva1extends the conventional solidstate drive (SSD) architecture to offload data or I/O intensive application code to the SSD to exploit the low latency and high internal bandwidth of NVMs. Performing computation in the FPGA-based NVM storage controller significantly reduces data traffic between the host and storage and serves as an offload engine for data analysis workloads. A runtime library enables the programmer to offload computations to the SSD without dealing with the complications of the underlying architecture and inter-controller communication management. We have implemented a prototype of Minerva on the BEE3 FPGA system. We compare the performance of Minerva to a state of the art PCIe-attached PCM-based SSD. Minerva improves performance by an order of magnitude on two microbenchmarks. Minerva based key-value store performs up to 5.2 M get operations/s and 4.0 M set operations/s which is 7.45× and 9.85× higher than the PCM-based SSD that uses the conventional I/O architecture. This huge improvement comes from the reduction of data transfer between the storage to the host and the FPGA-based data processing in the SSD.
A novel reporter mouse strain that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein upon Cre‐mediated recombination (2000)

The success of Cre-mediated conditional gene targeting depends on the specificity of Cre recombinase expression in Cre-transgenic mouse lines. As a tool to evaluate the specificity of Cre expression, we developed a reporter transgenic mouse strain that expresses enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) upon Cre-mediated recombination. We demonstrate that the progeny resulting from a cross between this reporter strain and a transgenic strain expressing Cre in zygotes show ubiquitous EGFP fluorescence. This reporter strain should be useful to monitor the Cre expression directed by various promoters in transgenic mice, including mice in which Cre is expressed transiently during embryogenesis under a developmentally regulated promoter.
Wavelength conversion in optical packet switching (1998)

A detailed traffic analysis of optical packet switch design is performed. Special consideration is given to the complexity of the optical buffering and the overall switch block structure is considered in general. Wavelength converters are shown to improve the traffic performance of the switch blocks for both random and bursty traffic. Furthermore, the traffic performance of switch blocks with add-drop switches has been assessed in a Shufflenetwork showing the advantage of having converters at the inlets. Finally, the aspect of synchronization is discussed through a proposal to operate the packet switch block asynchronously, i.e. without packet alignment at the input.
Genetic diversity among pandemic 2009 influenza viruses isolated from a transmission chain (2013)

Oseltamivir-resistance was only detected after prophylaxis with oseltamivir, suggesting that the mutation was selected for as a result of antiviral intervention. The persisting oseltamivir-sensitive virus population in the case carrying resistant viruses suggests either that a small proportion survive the treatment, or that the oseltamivir-sensitive virus rapidly re-establishes itself in the virus population after the bottleneck. Moreover, the increased intra-host variation in the oseltamivir-resistant case is consistent with the hypothesis that the population diversity of a RNA virus can increase rapidly following a population bottleneck.
Epoxidation of Alkenes with Hydrogen Peroxide Catalyzed by Selenium-Containing Dinuclear Peroxotungstate and Kinetic, Spectroscopic, and Theoretical Investigation of the Mechanism (2010)

The dinuclear peroxotungstate with a SeO(4)(2-) ligand, (TBA)(2)[SeO(4){WO(O(2))(2)}(2)] (I; TBA = [(n-C(4)H(9))(4)N](+)), could act as an efficient homogeneous catalyst for the selective oxidation of various kinds of organic substances such as olefins, alcohols, and amines with H(2)O(2) as the sole oxidant. The turnover frequency (TOF) was as high as 210 h(-1) for the epoxidation of cyclohexene catalyzed by I with H(2)O(2). The catalyst was easily recovered and reused with maintenance of the catalytic performance. The SeO(4)(2-) ligand in I played an important role in controlling the Lewis acidity of the peroxotungstates, which significantly affects their electrophilic oxygen-transfer reactivity. Several kinetic and spectroscopic results showed that the present catalytic epoxidation included the following two steps: (i) formation of the subsequent peroxo species [SeW(m)O(n)](o-) (II; m = 1 and 2) by the reaction of I with an olefin and (ii) regeneration of I by the reaction of II with H(2)O(2). Compound I was the dominant species under steady-state turnover conditions. The reaction rate for the catalytic epoxidation showed a first-order dependence on the concentrations of olefin and I and a zero-order dependence on the concentration of H(2)O(2). The rate of the stoichiometric epoxidation with I agreed well with that of the catalytic epoxidation with H(2)O(2) by I. All of these kinetic and spectroscopic results indicate that oxygen transfer from I to the C=C double bond is the rate-determining step. The computational studies support that the oxygen-transfer step is the rate-determining step.
Hera Object Storage : a seamless, automated multi-tiering solution on top of OpenStack Swift (2018)

Over the last couple of decades, the demand for storage in the Cloud has grown exponentially. Distributed Cloud storage and object storage for the increasing share of unstructured data, are in high focus in both academic and industrial research activities. At the same time, efficient storage and the corresponding costs are often contrasting parameters raising a trade-off problem for any proposed solution. To this aim, classifying the data in terms of access probability became a hot topic. This paper introduces Hera Object Storage, a storage system built on top of OpenStack Swift that aims at selecting the most appropriate storage tier for any object to be stored. The goal of the multi-tiering storage we propose is to be automated and seamless, guaranteeing the required storage performance at the lowest possible cost. The paper discusses the design challenges, the proposed algorithmic solutions to the scope and, based on a prototype implementation it presents a basic proof-of-concept validation.
<b>Auxin and ethylene promote root hair elongation in</b><i><b>Arabidopsis</b></i> (1998)

Genetic and physiological studies implicate the phytohormones auxin and ethylene in root hair development. To learn more about the role of these compounds, we have examined the root hair phenotype of a number of auxin- and ethylene-related mutants. In a previous study, Masucci and Schiefelbein (1996) showed that neither the auxin response mutations aux1 and axr1 nor the ethylene response mutations etr1 and ein2 have a significant effect on root hair initiation. In this study, we found that mutants deficient in either auxin or ethylene response have a pronounced effect on root hair length. Treatment of wild-type, axr1 and etr1 seedlings with the synthetic auxin, 2,4-D, or the ethylene precursor ACC, led to the development of longer root hairs than untreated seedlings. Furthermore, axr1 seedlings grown in the presence of ACC produce ectopic root hairs and an unusual pattern of long root hairs followed by regions that completely lack root hairs. These studies indicate that both auxin and ethylene are required for normal root hair elongation.
An optimized Silicon Retina stereo matching algorithm using time-space correlation (2011)

This paper presents an optimized implementation of a Silicon Retina based stereo matching algorithm using time-space correlation. The algorithm combines an event-based time correlation approach with a census transform based matching method on grayscale images that are generated from the sensor output. The data processing part of the system is optimized for an Intel i7 mobile architecture and a C64x+ multi-core digital signal processor (DSP). Both platforms use an additional C64x+ single-core DSP system for acquisition and pre-processing of sensor data. We focus on the performance optimization techniques that had a major impact on the run-time performance of both processor architectures used.
<i>veA</i> Is Required for Toxin and Sclerotial Production in <i>Aspergillus parasiticus</i> (2004)

It was long been noted that secondary metabolism is associated with fungal development. In Aspergillus nidulans, conidiation and mycotoxin production are linked by a G protein signaling pathway. Also in A. nidulans, cleistothecial development and mycotoxin production are controlled by a gene called veA. Here we report the characterization of a veA ortholog in the aflatoxin-producing fungus A. parasiticus. Cleistothecia are not produced by Aspergillus parasiticus; instead, this fungus produces spherical structures called sclerotia that allow for survival under adverse conditions. Deletion of veA from A. parasiticus resulted in the blockage of sclerotial formation as well as a blockage in the production of aflatoxin intermediates. Our results indicate that A. parasiticus veA is required for the expression of aflR and aflJ, which regulate the activation of the aflatoxin gene cluster. In addition to these findings, we observed that deletion of veA reduced conidiation both on the culture medium and on peanut seed. The fact that veA is necessary for conidiation, production of resistant structures, and aflatoxin biosynthesis makes veA a good candidate gene to control aflatoxin biosynthesis or fungal development and in this way to greatly decrease its devastating impact on health and the economy.
Comparison of the Valtrac biofragmentable anastomosis ring with conventional suture and stapled anastomosis in colon surgery (1989)

In a randomized, prospective study of 438 patients, the safety and efficacy of the Valtrac biofragmentable anastomotic ring (BAR) was compared with stapling and with conventional suture techniques. There was no significant difference in the morbidity, mortality, and clinical course of the patients. The BAR can effect reestablishment of intestinal continuity somewhat more rapidly, but its major advantage is its uniform applicability to all areas of the intestinal tract, except the low rectum.
A Fast Way of Calculating Exact Hypervolumes (2011)

We describe a new algorithm WFG for calculating hypervolume exactly. WFG is based on the recently-described observation that the exclusive hypervolume of a point <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> relative to a set <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> is equal to the difference between the inclusive hypervolume of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> and the hypervolume of <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> with each point limited by the objective values in <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">p</i> . WFG applies this technique iteratively over a set to calculate its hypervolume. Experiments show that WFG is substantially faster (in five or more objectives) than all previously-described algorithms that calculate hypervolume exactly.
A Survey on Intent-Driven Networks (2020)

Software defined network and network function visualization enhance the network flexibility and management agility, which increase network fragility and complexity. However, the vast majority of network parameters are manually configured, which makes the configuration failures still inevitable. Future networks should be self-configuring, self-managing, and self-optimizing. Intent-driven network (IDN) is a self-driving network that uses decoupling network control logic and closed-loop orchestration techniques to automate application intents. At present, a unified definition of IDN has not yet been presented, and the research background and current status of IDN are not clear. Considering the emerging applications and research of IDN, in this article, we survey existing technologies, clarify definitions, and summarize features for IDN. Specifically, we discuss the basic architecture and key technologies of IDN. In addition, diversity gains and challenges are analyzed briefly. Finally, some future work is highlighted and wider applications of IDN are provided for further research.
Robot-Assisted Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion in a Swine Model In Vivo Test of the da Vinci Surgical-Assisted Spinal Surgery System (2010)

use of the da Vinci Surgical System to perform an anterior spinal procedure was shown to be safe and effective in a swine animal model. The utilization of this advanced technology shows promise to reduce the incidence of complications compared with other approaches. It requires further testing in animal models and cadavers, along with serial comparisons to current procedures.
Environmental Responses of Polythiophene Hydrogels (2000)

A chemically cross-linked and water-swollen poly(3-thiopheneacetic acid) (P3TAA) gel was synthesized, and its swelling and spectral changes associated with its ionization were studied. The gel undergoes an abrupt red shift in the electronic spectra at a certain pH, suggesting that a conformational transition due to ionization occurred despite the chemical cross-linkage. By changing the solvent composition, during cross-linking, gels with an enhanced π conjugated structure were prepared. By doping of P3TAA gel with a HClO4 solution, a satisfactorily high electrical conductivity was obtained.
Analyzing and Predicting Emoji Usages in Social Media (2018)

Emojis can be regarded as a language for graphical expression of emotions, and have been widely used in social media. They can express more delicate feelings beyond textual information and improve the effectiveness of computer-mediated communication. Recent advances in machine learning make it possible to automatic compose text messages with emojis. However, the usages of emojis can be complicated and subtle so that analyzing and predicting emojis is a challenging problem. In this paper, we first construct a benchmark dataset of emojis with tweets and systematically investigate emoji usages in terms of tweet content, tweet structure and user demographics. Inspired by the investigation results, we further propose a multitask multimodality gated recurrent unit (mmGRU) model to predict the categories and positions of emojis. The model leverages not only multimodality information such as text, image and user demographics, but also the strong correlations between emoji categories and their positions. Our experimental results show that the proposed method can significantly improve the accuracy for predicting emojis for tweets (+9.0% in F1-value for category and +4.6% in F1-value for position). Based on the experimental results, we further conduct a series of case studies to unveil how emojis are used in social media.
Effect of data pretreatment on the noninvasive blood glucose measurement by diffuse reflectance NIR spectroscopy (1994)

Recent progress in spectroscopy and chemometrics have brought in-vitro blood glucose analysis into clinical reach. Parallel to these efforts noninvasive experiments by NIR- spectroscopy have also been proposed and carried out. A specially designed and optimized accessory for diffuse reflectance measurements in the spectral range of 9000 - 5000 cm<SUP>-1</SUP> was used. The spectral data and reference concentration values were obtained using oral glucose tolerance tests. Calibration results are provided for log(1/R) and single beam spectra. In addition, the effects of smoothing and the use of derivative filtering were evaluated. The best results were achieved by multivariate PLS-modeling with raw data from single beam reflectance spectra.
A New Dummy-Free Shallow Trench Isolation Concept for Mixed-Signal Applications (2000)

Shallow trench isolation (STI) is becoming the mainstream lateral isolation module for deep submicrometer technologies. It is generally accepted that dummy active areas need to be implemented due to the limited within‐chip uniformity associated with the chemical mechanical polishing step. Dummy active areas, however, are problematic when used in mixed‐signal technologies due to the increased capacitive coupling and noise associated with them. To solve this problem, we developed an STI module that ensures minimum oxide dishing and nitride erosion without the need for dummy active areas. This paper presents and discusses the fabrication process for this STI module and the results obtained with it. We have successfully implemented the new dummy‐free STI process in a 0.18 μm technology. © 2000 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Radical Tandem Cyclizations by Anodic Decarboxylation of Carboxylic Acids (1995)

Radical tandem cyclizations are initiated by the Kolbe electrolysis of unsaturated carboxylic acids 4, 18, 23-25 which are prepared in a few steps. The efficiency of the radical tandem cyclization provides a short synthetic sequence to tricyclic products, e.g. angular triquinanes 7, 8, 11, 26-28. In this anodic tandem cyclization, three C-C bonds are formed regio-and stereoselectively in a one-pot reaction by intramolecular addition and intermolecular coupling. The use of different carboxylic acids as starting materials and various coacids gives versatile access to substituted tricyclic compounds.
A Multicast Mechanism in WiMax Mesh Network (2006)

The IEEE standard 802.16x based broadband wireless access is a promising technology to provide wireless broadband connectivity. Besides point to multi-point mode, a mechanism to create multi-hop network through mesh mode is defined for the frequency spectrum band 2-11 GHz. The standard only defines unicast transmission under mesh mode, but does not specify multicast transmission scheme. This paper proposes a novel multicast mechanism in WiMax mesh network by building a high efficient multicast tree with utilization of scheduling messages defined in the standard. An easy-to-implement tree construction algorithm is presented based on the adjustment of the centralized routing tree. Simulation results show the proposed multicast mechanism improves transmission efficiency and reduces group latency over the traditional way to fulfil multicast by multiple unicast transmissions
A 20 Gb/s 0.4 pJ/b energy-efficient transmitter driver architecture utilizing constant Gm (2015)

This paper presents an energy-efficient transmitter driver architecture that is suitable for high-speed operation. By employing an inverter with resistive feedback as a driver cell, the proposed driver topology can overcome the disadvantage of conventional voltage-mode drivers, namely, that the pre-driver power consumption increases as the data rate increases. This driver topology has another advantage that equalization can be easily realized. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed driver, a PRBS generator, a serializer, and a half-rate clock generator are included in the prototype chip. The proposed driver and equalizer circuit operate reliably at a data rate of up to 20 Gb/s exhibiting an energy efficiency of 0.4 pJ/b for an output swing of 250 mVppd.