gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A study of the renal clearances, metabolic inactivation rates, and serum fall-off interaction of isoniazid and paraminosalicylic acid in man. (1961)

The phenomenon of marked individual variation in plasma clearance rates of isoniazid in humans merits intensive study. Apart from its possible therapeutic implication, the existence of this trait foreshadows new insights into the variability of normal human metabolism. By means of an intravenous fall-off technique (1), the present writers have further characterized the rapid and slow inactivation groups into those with half-lives of 40 to 80 minutes and 140 to 200 minutes, respectively, for the injected drug. Additional values up to 465 minutes have been observed. The intravenous half-lives have been found to be about 30 per cent smaller than those obtained in the same patients with orally administered, dissolved drug, but to follow the same pattern. Peak values for both groups have been found to be indistinguishable with the oral route (2). The present study is concerned with certain pharmacologic parameters which remain to be characterized before the conclusion can be safely drawn that isoniazid inactivation differences are indeed being compared. These methods have also been applied to para-aminosalicylic acid (PAS) in both groups. Finally, using the half-life approach, the effect of PAS on isoniazid inactivation has been tested, and there has been some speculation about the nature of interaction of their acetylation pathways.
Visible Photoluminescence Enhancement Of Silicon Oxide (2013)

Abstract: We have been proposed a treatment method for the visible photoluminescence enhancement of SiO2 layer thermally grown on Si&lt;100&gt; wafer by surface texture modification. We have used liquid nitrogen (LN2) as treatment method. That method applied at different exposure time from 10min to 30sec.Room temperature photoluminescence (PL) of treated SiO2/Si samples was studied using the 514.5 nm line of an Ar+ Laser.PL signal in the wavelength rang 530-880 nm was observed.AFM and SEM have used to study the surface texture change. Samples of an exposure time (1 min, ±30sec) show emission at 580-880 nm with a maximum PL intensity.We have observed the PL intensity and spectra shape of treated samples are dependent on the surface texture modification. The visible PL is enhanced 2-fold by the surface treatment. The origin of the visible PL emission of SiO2 has been investigated on QCLC model. Key words: Visible photoluminescence, SiO2, surface texture and surface defects
Self-shielding: new high-voltage inter-connection technique for HVICs (2002)

A new, cost-effective, high-voltage inter-connection technique for HVICs, named Self-Shielding, is proposed. To avoid the lowering of breakdown voltage of high-voltage devices affected by the electric potential of overlying interconnections, self-shielding technique utilizes only the native PN-junction structures of high-voltage devices themselves. No additional shielding structure is required even to realize a very high-voltage IC above 1000 V. Design concept and device structures are presented together with the experimental results on the operation of self-shielded 1200 V level-shifters.
Antennas for Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) (2012)

Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) will in effect be fully deployed and operational in a few years, even with the delays in Galileo as a consequence of European Union's financial difficulties. The vastly broadened GNSS spectra, spread densely across 1146-1616 MHz, versus the narrow Global Positioning System (GPS) L1 and L2 bands, together with a constellation of over 100 Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) and Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites versus GPS' 24 MEO satellites, are revolutionizing the design of GNSS receive antennas. For example, a higher elevation cutoff angle will be preferred. As a result, fundamental changes in antenna design, new features and applications, as well as cost structures are ongoing. Existing GNSS receive antenna technologies are reviewed and design challenges are discussed.
Design and development of continuous cuff-less blood pressure monitoring devices (2016)

Due to the global hypertension epidemic, a convenient, miniaturized, and cuff-less blood pressure (BP) monitoring device is desirable. During the past several years, we have attested various studies to acquire BP indirectly via pulse transit time (PTT) obtained from electrocardiogram (ECG) and photoplethysmogram (PPG). Towards this end, some progress has been achieved but the prospect of designing a device that requires neither a pressure cuff nor cross-body contact of ECG electrodes has been uncharted. In this paper, we present two approaches to determine PTT which open the door to convenient, non-invasive, and cuff-less wearables for continuous BP monitoring at home settings. The first device was designed with contact-electrode ECG and PPG sensors, located on the bicep and the ear; while the second one, which is a wrist-worn device, consisted of a non-contact ECG circuit and a piezoelectric pulse sensor. Results indicated that our novel designs enable next-generation devices, providing essential continuous BP monitoring off-the-clinic for hypertension patients as well as healthy people.
Switch on, switch off: stiction in nanoelectromechanical switches (2013)

We present a theoretical investigation of stiction in nanoscale electromechanical contact switches. We develop a mathematical model to describe the deflection of a cantilever beam in response to both electrostatic and van der Waals forces. Particular focus is given to the question of whether adhesive van der Waals forces cause the cantilever to remain in the 'ON' state even when the electrostatic forces are removed. In contrast to previous studies, our theory accounts for deflections with large slopes (i.e. geometrically nonlinear). We solve the resulting equations numerically to study how a cantilever beam adheres to a rigid electrode: transitions between 'free', 'pinned' and 'clamped' states are shown to be discontinuous and to exhibit significant hysteresis. Our findings are compared to previous results from linearized models and the implications for nanoelectromechanical cantilever switch design are discussed.
Kinetics of chitinase production. I. Chitin hydrolysis (1985)

As part of the development of a comprehensive mathematical model for chitinase production by Serratia marcescens QMB 1466 growing on chitin, the different mass transport and kinetic steps involved during chitin hydrolysis were studied. The experimental results for the hydrolysis of chitin by a crude preparation of chitinase show a system kinetically limited by the overall rate of chitin hydrolysis. This rate is linearly related to the concentration of enzyme adsorbed on the chitin particle. Adsorbed and bulk enzyme concentration were found to be related through a Langmuir type of isotherm.
An enema formulation of alicaforsen, an antisense inhibitor of intercellular adhesion molecule‐1, in the treatment of chronic, unremitting pouchitis (2004)

Antisense enema to intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is safe and well tolerated. In an open-label trial, it appeared to improve the PDAI score, clinical symptoms and endoscopic mucosal appearance. It may also improve the histology. In the light of the responses observed in this trial, a randomized, placebo-controlled trial is warranted.
<title>Monolithic uncooled infrared image sensor with 160 by 120 pixels</title> (1995)

This paper presents the key design features of an uncooled infrared image sensor with 160 by 120 pixels. This sensor has a monolithic structure using micromachining technology. These features concern the configuration of the readout circuit, the structure of the infrared detector, and the thermal isolation structure in a pixel. The first feature is a simple readout circuit that includes neither an amplifier nor a switching transistor in the pixel. The second feature is the use of a thin film resistive bolometer made of polysilicon as the infrared detector. The detector has a P<SUP>+</SUP>-P<SUP>-</SUP>-N<SUP>+</SUP> diode structure which operates as a bolometer and cuts off current passes through non-selected pixels. The forward resistance of the diode can be tailored by adjusting the shape and impurity concentration of the P<SUP>-</SUP> region. Finally, a microbridge structure for the thermal isolation is made in each pixel by using the micromachining technology. The bolometer is monolithically integrated on this structure. Since polysilicon is generally used in the conventional Si-LSI process, this choice of detector material makes it possible to manufacture the image sensor using only current Si-LSI facilities, and realize a low cost uncooled infrared camera.
Alteration of the FcγRIIa Dimer Interface Affects Receptor Signaling but Not Ligand Binding (2006)

The aggregation of cell surface FcRs by immune complexes induces a number of important Ab-dependent effector functions. However, despite numerous studies that examine receptor function, very little is known about the molecular organization of these receptors within the cell. In this study, protein complementation, mutagenesis, and ligand binding analyses demonstrate that human FcgammaRIIa is present as a noncovalent dimer form. Protein complementation studies found that FcgammaRIIa molecules are closely associated. Mutagenesis of the dimer interface, as identified by crystallographic analyses, did not affect ligand binding yet caused significant alteration to the magnitude and kinetics of receptor phosphorylation. The data suggest that the ligand binding and the dimer interface are distinct regions within the receptor, and noncovalent dimerization of FcgammaRIIa may be an essential feature of the FcgammaRIIa signaling cascade.
The optimisation of capital investment in electricity supply (1972)

The electricity-supply industry is highly capital intensive. To avoid wasteful investment in expensive plant careful examination of costs is necessary
Two new species of Pleocoma (1934)

(Uploaded by Plazi from the Biodiversity Heritage Library) No abstract provided.
Controlling Engine Load by Means of Early Intake-Valve Closing (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Early closing of the intake valve was examined as a means for controlling the load of a homogeneous-charge, spark-ignition engine. The engine was operated unthrottled, with load controlled by closing the intake valve during the intake stroke of the engine after the required amount of charge had been inducted into the cylinder. The concept was examined both experimentally, using intake cams giving reduced intake-valve lift and opening duration, and analytically, using an engine simulation.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Comparisons to a conventional throttled engine operating at part load show the early intake-valve-closing engine to have lower pumping loss, lower specific fuel consumption, lower cylinder-gas temperatures, lower heat transfer, lower NOx emissions, similar combustion duration and cyclic variability, and somewhat higher HC emissions. However, the fuel economy benefit offered by this load-control concept would be diminished by the frictional losses of a control mechanism and by the current trends toward lower vehicular power/weight ratios and broader-range transmissions.</div>
Modeling user interest shift using a bayesian approach (2001)

We investigate the modeling of changes in user interest in information filtering systems. A new technique for tracking user interest shifts based on a Bayesian approach is developed. The interest tracker is integrated into a profile learning module of a filtering system. We present an analytical study to establish the rate of convergence for the profile learning with and without the user interest tracking component. We examine the relationship among degree of shift, cost of detection error, and time needed for detection. To study the effect of different patterns of interest shift on system performance we also conducted several filtering experiments. Generally, the findings show that the Bayesian approach is a feasible and effective technique for modeling user interest shift.
LispView (1991)

Although Lisp was the host for many of the first graphical user interface (GUI) packages, popular activity in this area has shifted to more primitive but widely used languages such as C and C++. One explanation for this shift is that while Lisp's strength in rapid prototyping and development led to the initial progress, it also tended to inspire an imperialist attitude: applications were often crafted exclusively in Lisp, even when part of the application could make use of an existing conventional language library. We believe the ideal way to construct a CommonLisp GUI package today is to integrate proven C libraries with an object-oriented Lisp framework.
Effect of Lupin (Lupinus albifrons) Flour on Microbial and sensory properties of local Yoghurt (2015)

This study conducted and implicated in the General State Company for Dairy Products, Abu-Ghraib/ Baghdad/Iraq in February to April /2014. Two different sweet lupin seed (Jordanian, Egyptian) origin were used for this study which been imported from the local markets. Soaking and boiling process (de- bittering process) of lupin seeds was used to destroy thermo-labile anti-nutritional factors, such as trypsin inhibitors, phytic acid and to soften the seed. It was been found that, the concentration (2, 4, 6)% of lupin seed supplementation for each origin (Jordan and Egypt) are the best in dairy product supplementation after conducting many different tests to see the best degree of agreement by the specialized panelists in the dairy company. The physicochemical analysis of the supplemented yogurt with different concentration (2, 4, and 6) % of Jordanian and Egyptian lupin flour showed that, it does not affect the percent of fat content statistically. But, there were clear positive statistical significant differences in the total solid. Also, there were statistically positive correlation between lupin flour concentration addition and total solid of the yogurt product which does affect directly the texture of the yogurt. There were statistically positive correlation between lupin flour concentration supplement and the pH of the yogurt product which does affect directly the flavor and taste of the yogurt product by the consumers. Thus, increasing the concentration of the supplementation with lupin flour lead to decrease the acidity and increase the pH in yogurt products significantly. Sensory evaluation of the supplemented yogurt product were showed that the 2 and 4% of lupin flour for both origin were the highest positive effect on physicochemical and sensory scores (flavor, taste, acidity, texture and consistency, appearance, and the total properties). Also, it was found that, the period of storage (1-14 days) did not affect the physicochemical and sensory evaluation clearly of the supplemented lupin dairy product. Therefore, we recommended the possibility of supplementation of yogurt with sweet lupin flour for its healthier and structural effect on human health to these kind of products. Keywords: Dairy product, Supplementation, Lupin flour, Physicochemical properties, Sensory evaluation, microbial content.
Monte Carlo Simulation of Coalescence Processes in Oil Sands Slurries (2004)

Abstract Conditioning of an oil sand slurry is a critical step in the extraction of bitumen from oil sand ore. To model the conditioning process, a constant‐number Monte Carlo algorithm is used to simulate the mean‐field kinetics of coalescing bitumen drops and air bubbles. The coalescence rate of drops and bubbles is described by the model of Coulaloglou and Tavlarides (1977). Simulations yield results that are consistent with aerated bitumen drop sizes and conditioning times reported in the literature. The effects of turbulent energy, bitumen concentration, and initial bitumen drop size on the evolution of drop size distributions are investigated.
Clinical Practice Guideline for Acute Pancreatitis: The Assessment of the Severity of Acute Pancreatitis (2013)

The assessment of severity at the initial medical examination plays an important role in introducing adequate early treatment and the transfer of patients to a medical facility that can cope with severe acute pancreatitis. Under these circumstances, guideline for severity assessment have been prepared in various countries, including Japan, Italy, United States of America, and United Kingdom and these criteria are now being evaluated. Patients with severe acute pancreatitis are expected to be transferred to a specialist medical center or to an intensive care unit to receive adequate treatment there. In this review, we are going to suggest the guideline of Korean Pancreatobiliary Association for the adequate treatment of the patients with severe acute pancreatitis and investigation of these diseases.
Thermostable <scp>L</scp>‐arabinose isomerase from <i>Bacillus stearothermophilus</i> IAM 11001 for <scp>D</scp>‐tagatose production: gene cloning, purification and characterisation (2010)

The purified L-AI from B. stearothermophilus IAM 11001 was characterised and shown to be a good candidate for potential application in D-tagatose production.
Copper Dissolution in Aqueous Ammonia-Containing Media during Chemical Mechanical Polishing (1997)

Copper dissolution in ammonia-containing media during chemical-mechanical polishing (CMP) was investigated. Both a stationary and a rotating disk electrode (RDE) were used for electrochemical characterization. Ammonia can etch copper in the presence of oxidizers by dissolving the oxide film on the copper surface and the dissolution rate varied from about 8 to 30 nm/min, depending on the hydrodynamic conditions. The copper dissolution rate in NH4NO3 or (NH4)2SO4 solution does not vary significantly with solution pH. Ammonium nitrate results in a higher dissolution rate, due to the extra oxidizing power of the nitrate ion. The addition of an inhibitor, benzotriazole (BTA), reduces the copper dissolution rate significantly, even though the dissolution rate can be increased by rotating the copper disk. The dissolution of copper in stagnant aqueous ammonia solutions is controlled by oxygen diffusion at high NH4OH concentrations and by mixed kinetics at low NH4OH concentrations (≤0.3 wt %).
Charge-Controlled Permeability of Polyelectrolyte Microcapsules (2005)

Multilayer microcapsules showing unique charge-controlled permeability have been successfully fabricated by employing poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS)-doped CaCO3 particles as templates. Encapsulation of the PSS molecules is thus achieved after core removal. Scanning force microscopy (SFM), UV-vis, Raman spectroscopy, and zeta-potential confirm the existence of the PSS molecules in the CaCO3 particles and the resultant microcapsules, which are initially incorporated during the core fabrication process. A part of these additionally introduced PSS molecules interacts with PAH molecules residing on the inner surface of the multilayer wall to form a stable complex, while the other part is intertwined in the capsule wall or in a free state. Capsules with this structure possess many special features, such as highly sensitive permeability tuned by probe charge and environmentally controlled gating. They can completely reject negatively charged probes, but attract positively charged species to form a higher concentration in the capsule interior, as evidenced by confocal microscopy. For example, the capsules completely exclude dextran labeled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC-dextran), but are permeable for dextran labeled with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate (TRITC-dextran) having similar molecular mass (from 4 to 70 kDa), although there are only few charged dyes in a dextran chain. By reversing the charge of the probes through pH change, or by suppressing charge repulsion through salt addition, the permeation can be readily switched for proteins such as albumin or small dyes such as fluorescein sodium salt.
Exit transport of a cyclic nucleotide from mouse L-cells. (1977)

At a concentration of 30 mum, 1,4,5,6,8-pentazaacenaphthylene, 3-amino-1,5-dihydro-5-methyl-1-beta-D-[5-14C]ribofuranosyl (NSC-154020), a tricyclic, 7-deazapurine nucleoside (TCN) is rapidly taken up by cultured mouse L-cells and converted to intracellular TCN-monophosphate, but not further metabolized. The TCN-monophosphate is also excreted by the cells into the medium. It is released by a saturable process against a concentration gradient and the release is inhibited by various inhibitors of energy production. This inhibition correlates with a depletion of the cells of ATP. Thus TCN-monophosphate excretion probably involves an active transport system. This transport system is highly temperature-dependent (the Q10 falls between 3 and 4) and is inhibited by papaverine, theophylline, Persantin, Probenecid, phenethyl alcohol and p-chloromercuribenzoate, but not by 500 muM cyclic AMP, AMP, or adenosine. Significant amounts of various natural phosphorylated intermediates (AMP, ATP, UTP, UMP, UDP-hexoses, and phosphorylcholine) are not released from the cells under similar experimental conditions either in the absence or presence of 30 muM TCN.
F/A-18 Aircraft Performance Benefits Measured During the Autonomous Formation Flight Project (2002)

The Autonomous Formation Flight (AFF) project at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center (Edwards, California) investigated performance benefits resulting from formation flight, such as reduced aerodynamic drag and fuel consumption. To obtain data on performance benefits, a trailing F/A-18 airplane flew within the wing tip-shed vortex of a leading F/A-18 airplane. The pilot of the trail airplane used advanced station-keeping technology to aid in positioning the trail airplane at precise locations behind the lead airplane. The specially instrumented trail airplane was able to obtain accurate fuel flow measurements and to calculate engine thrust and vehicle drag. A maneuver technique developed for this test provided a direct comparison of performance values while flying in and out of the vortex. Based on performance within the vortex as a function of changes in vertical, lateral, and longitudinal positioning, these tests explored design-drivers for autonomous stationkeeping control systems. Observations showed significant performance improvements over a large range of trail positions tested. Calculations revealed maximum drag reductions of over 20 percent, and demonstrated maximum reductions in fuel flow of just over 18 percent.