gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The neural basis of perceived intensity in natural and artificial touch (2016)

Electrical stimulation of sensory nerves is a powerful tool for studying neural coding because it can activate neural populations in ways that natural stimulation cannot. Electrical stimulation of the nerve has also been used to restore sensation to patients who have suffered the loss of a limb. We have used long-term implanted electrical interfaces to elucidate the neural basis of perceived intensity in the sense of touch. To this end, we assessed the sensory correlates of neural firing rate and neuronal population recruitment independently by varying two parameters of nerve stimulation: pulse frequency and pulse width. Specifically, two amputees, chronically implanted with peripheral nerve electrodes, performed each of three psychophysical tasks-intensity discrimination, magnitude scaling, and intensity matching-in response to electrical stimulation of their somatosensory nerves. We found that stimulation pulse width and pulse frequency had systematic, cooperative effects on perceived tactile intensity and that the artificial tactile sensations could be reliably matched to skin indentations on the intact limb. We identified a quantity we termed the activation charge rate (ACR), derived from stimulation parameters, that predicted the magnitude of artificial tactile percepts across all testing conditions. On the basis of principles of nerve fiber recruitment, the ACR represents the total population spike count in the activated neural population. Our findings support the hypothesis that population spike count drives the magnitude of tactile percepts and indicate that sensory magnitude can be manipulated systematically by varying a single stimulation quantity.
Mortality among California Seventh-Day Adventists for selected cancer sites. (1980)

In previous reports concerning cancer among Seventh-Day Adventists (SDA), comparisons were made only with the general population. This report compared California SDA to a sample of non-SDA who were demographically similar to SDA. The study consisted of 17 years of follow-up (1960--76) on 22,940 white California SDA and 13 years of follow-up (1960--72) on 112,725 white California non-SDA. Both groups completed the same base-line questionnaire in 1960. Deaths were ascertained by annual contacts with each study member and by computer-assisted record linkage with the California State death certificate file. Results indicated that, with the exception of colon-rectal cancer and smoking-related cancers, the difference in risk of fatal cancer between SDA and non-SDA was substantially reduced when SDA were compared with a more socioeconomically similar population. The persistence of the low risk for colon-rectal cancer can probably be attributed to some aspect of the diet or life-style of the SDA.
The min-cut shuffle: toward a solution for the global effect problem of min-cut placement (1988)

The global effect problem is introduced in the context of adapting min-cut partitioning for min-cut placement. A simplified version of the problem is solved in linear time by using a novel algorithm called the min-cut shuffle. A detailed analysis and implementation for the algorithm is presented. >
THE MONTANA-STUDY: IDEALISTIC FAILURE OR INNOVATIVE SUCCESS (1991)

University System and funded by the Rockefeller Foundation. The project experimented with study groups and community research as a technique for stabilizing and improving community living. The purpose of this current study was to examine critically why the Montana Study was not institutionalized and whether the Montana Study&apos;s techniques were viable methods for adult education and community development. This investigation employed a case study approach using historical analysis of primary documents and oral histories from study group participants. Primary sources used
1.29 µm GaInNAs multiple quantum-well ridge-waveguidelaser diodes with improved performance (1999)

The authors report an MBE-grown GaInNAs MQW ridge-waveguide (RWG) emitting at 1.29 µm with performance data that for the first time rival those of InGaAsP lasers. Among these data are threshold currents of 21 mA, slope efficiencies of 0.25 W/A per facet and values of up to 110 K for the characteristic temperature T0. These important improvements in material quality should pave the way towards monolithically-grown 1.30 µm GaInNAs VCSELs in the near future.
Monolithic demodulator for 40-gb/s DQPSK using a star coupler (2006)

A novel device that demodulates both quadratures of the optical differential quadrature phase-shift keying (DQPSK) format in a single interferometer by using a 4 /spl times/ 4 star coupler was demonstrated. Simultaneous measurements of both DQPSK quadratures at 42.7 Gb/s are also presented.
Learning in the Recurrent Random Neural Network (1993)

The capacity to learn from examples is one of the most desirable features of neural network models. We present a learning algorithm for the recurrent random network model (Gelenbe 1989, 1990) using gradient descent of a quadratic error function. The analytical properties of the model lead to a "backpropagation" type algorithm that requires the solution of a system of n linear and n nonlinear equations each time the n-neuron network "learns" a new input-output pair.
Use of a monoclonal rat anti-mouse Ig light chain (RAMOL-1) antibody reduces background binding in immunohistochemical and fluorescent antibody analysis. (1989)

Rat monoclonal antibodies (MAb) directed to mouse Ig heavy and light chain determinants were produced. A rat anti-mouse light chain MAb (RAMOL-1) which bound to all (24/24) mouse Ig of the kappa light chain type and with varying strength to 4/4 lambda light chain-bearing Ig was evaluated as a general secondary reagent, together with two MAb that bound to the heavy chain of mouse IgG. They were conjugated with biotin or FITC and used in immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence assays to detect mouse monoclonal antibodies binding to antigens expressed in rat and human tissues and cells. As compared to commercially available polyclonal reagents, RAMOL-1 gave higher staining contrast by showing lower background staining and equal or higher staining of the primary MAb tested. This was a result of two main effects. First, crossreactivity with endogenous Ig and tissue type-specific determinants was eliminated. With polyclonal anti-mouse Ig reagents, binding to endogenous Ig was noted in vascular spaces and on Ig-bearing cells, and to rat gastric mucosa and epithelial tumor tissue in frozen tissue sections, even when diluted in high concentrations of serum homologous to the tissue. Second, binding of the secondary reagent was reduced to cells and tissues prone to have high nonspecific binding capability, such as monocytes/macrophages and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. Owing to unlimited and reproducible access to this homogeneous reagent, RAMOL-1 is used as second antibody to standardize the procedure used for immunohistochemical grading of human malignant tumors by determination of blood group antigen expression detected with mouse MAb.
Heterogeneous Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein K Is a Novel Regulator of Androgen Receptor Translation (2009)

The regulation of androgen receptor (AR) expression in prostate cancer is still poorly understood. The activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in prostate cancer cells was previously shown to lower AR expression by a rapamycin-sensitive, posttranscriptional mechanism involving the AR mRNA 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR). In a search for an intermediate within the EGFR/phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway that regulates AR at this site, we identified the nucleic acid-binding protein, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein K (hnRNP-K), by mass spectrometric analysis of Akt immune complexes from lipid raft-enriched subcellular fractions. We show here that hnRNP-K is a novel inhibitor of AR mRNA translation that regulates androgen-responsive gene expression and prostate cancer cell proliferation. A functional hnRNP-K binding site involved in down-regulating AR protein levels was identified in the AR mRNA 5'-UTR. Further analysis revealed that hnRNP-K is also able to inhibit AR translation in the absence of the 5'-UTR, consistent with the presence of additional predicted hnRNP-K binding sites within the AR open reading frame and in the 3'-UTR. Immunohistochemical analysis of a human prostate cancer tissue microarray revealed an inverse correlation between hnRNP-K expression and AR protein levels in organ-confined prostate tumors and a substantial decline in cytoplasmic hnRNP-K in metastases, despite an overall increase in hnRNP-K levels in metastatic tumors. These data suggest that translational inhibition of AR by hnRNP-K may occur in organ-confined tumors but possibly at a reduced level in metastases. HnRNP-K is the first protein identified that directly interacts with and regulates the AR translational apparatus.
A Practical One‐Step Synthesis of 1,2‐Oxazoline Derivatives from Unprotected Sugars and Its Application to Chemoenzymatic <i>β</i>‐<i>N</i>‐Acetylglucosaminidation of Disialo‐oligosaccharide (2012)

Abstract A facile and practical method for synthesis of sugar oxazolines (=dihydrooxazoles) from the corresponding N ‐acetyl‐2‐amino sugars has been developed by using 2‐chloro‐1,3‐dimethyl‐1 H ‐benzimidazol‐3‐ium chloride (CDMBI) as a dehydrative condensing agent. The intramolecular dehydrative reaction between the 2‐acetamido group and the anomeric OH group of unprotected N ‐acetyl‐2‐amino sugars took place smoothly in H 2 O, leading to the formation of a 1,2‐oxazoline (=4,5‐dihydrooxazole) moiety in good yield. Since the reaction proceeds in H 2 O without using any protecting groups, the resulting oxazolines can be utilized as effective glycosyl donors for the subsequent enzymatic glycosylation. We have successfully demonstrated a highly efficient chemoenzymatic transglycosylation of a disialo‐oligosaccharide moiety to p ‐nitrophenyl N ‐acetylglucosaminide catalyzed by a mutant endo‐ N ‐acetylglucosaminidase without isolating disialo‐oligosaccharide oxazoline as synthetic intermediate.
Corrosion behavior and cytotoxicity of Mg–35Zn–3Ca alloy for surface modified biodegradable implant material (2012)

This study was conducted to investigate the biocompatibility of Mg-Zn-Ca ternary alloy as a biodegradable material. The casting alloy underwent anodization in an alkaline electrolyte at current density 300 mA/cm(2) and frequency 50 Hz to obtain porous oxide layer. Plasma anodization film using pulse was shown to form irregular porous oxide film. As a result of corrosion test, the corrosion current was shown to decrease and the corrosion voltage was shown to increase in the anodized group, which showed the improvement of corrosion resistance after surface treatment. Sodium silicate (0.1 M) was directly oxidized due to high charges caused by spark and then formed SiO(2), and the compounds produced inside the film were shown MgO, Mg(2) SiO(4), and SiO(2.) In the histological examination in rats, all samples of the untreated group were shown to be absorbed 3 weeks later into the body. After the magnesium alloy was implanted, blood vessel expansion and tissue change were shown in the adjacent tissues. However, the changed tissues were shown to return to normal muscle tissues 4 weeks later when the alloy was completely absorbed. These results suggest that anodized Mg-35Zn-3Ca alloy has good biocompatibility in vivo and controls the absorption rate of biomaterials.
[Preparation technique of Cremastra appendiculata synthetic seed]. (2009)

The protocorm-suspension-system of Cremastra appendiculata was founded by liquid-suspension culture. The factors to effect germination rate and seedling conversion rate of C. appendiculata synthetic seeds, such as synthetic coating materials, synthetic endosperm components, storing conditions and germination materials, etc. were studied. The result showed that the germination rate and seedling conversion rate of synthetic seeds were the highest on the MS solid-medium while using 4% sodium alginate + 2% CaCl2 + 2% chitosan as synthetic coating materials, with 1/2 MS liquid-medium + 0.2 mg x L(-1) NAA + 0.1 mg x L(-1) GA3 + 0.5 mg L(-1) BA + 0.4 mg x L(-1) penicillin + 10.0 mg x L(-1) endophyte extract +0.3% carbendazim powder + 0.2% sodium benzoate + 1.0% sucrose as synthetic endosperm. And the germination rate and seedling conversion rate of synthetic seeds could attain to 68% and 65% after 20 days storing at 4 degrees C. The germination rate and seedling conversion rate of synthetic seeds decreased to a great extent with increasing the storing temperature and prolonging storing time.
Liquid Crystalline Structure In Aqueous Hydroxypropyl Cellulose Solutions (1976)

Abstract Concentrated aqueous solutions of hydroxypropyl cellulose form lyotropic mesophases displaying a range of iridescent colors. Evidence from light microscopy and optical rotatory dispersion suggests that the mesophase has helicoidal structure, resembling in some respects that of cholesteric liquid crystals.
Differential Kinetic and Spatial Patterns of β-Arrestin and G Protein-mediated ERK Activation by the Angiotensin II Receptor (2004)

The seven-membrane-spanning angiotensin II type 1A receptor activates the mitogen-activated protein kinases extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 (ERK1/2) by distinct pathways dependent on either G protein (likely G(q)/G(11)) or beta-arrestin2. Here we sought to distinguish the kinetic and spatial patterns that characterize ERK1/2 activated by these two mechanisms. We utilized beta-arrestin RNA interference, the protein kinase C inhibitor Ro-31-8425, a mutant angiotensin II receptor (DRY/AAY), and a mutant angiotensin II peptide (SII-angiotensin), which are incapable of activating G proteins, to isolate the two pathways in HEK-293 cells. G protein-dependent activation was rapid (peak <2 min), quite transient (t((1/2)) approximately 2 min), and led to nuclear translocation of the activated ERK1/2 as assessed by confocal microscopy. In contrast, beta-arrestin2-dependent activation was slower (peak 5-10 min), quite persistent with little decrement noted out to 90 min, and entirely confined to the cytoplasm. Moreover, ERK1/2 activated via beta-arrestin2 accumulated in a pool of cytoplasmic endosomal vesicles that also contained the internalized receptors and beta-arrestin. Such differential regulation of the temporal and spatial patterns of ERK1/2 activation via these two pathways strongly implies the existence of distinct physiological endpoints.
Metal-based resonant grating waveguide structures (1997)

A new analytic model, based on the interference of waves, and numerical calculations are exploited for analyzing the spectral behavior of the transmitted and reflected intensities from metal-based grating–waveguide structures. The results reveal that strong intensity changes can occur near resonance with resonance bandwidths in the subnanometer range. These intensity changes are found to be strongly dependent on specific parameters of the structures, particularly the height of the grating and the absorption in the metallic layer. Several structures were fabricated and evaluated experimentally to demonstrate that spectral bandwidths of 0.1 nm and intensity changes as large as 60% can be achieved.
REGULATION OF ISOCITRATE DEHYDROGENASE BY PHOSPHORYLATION INVOLVES NO LONG-RANGE CONFORMATIONAL CHANGE IN THE FREE ENZYME (1989)

The structure of the phosphorylated form of isocitrate dehydrogenase from Escherichia coli has been solved and refined to an R-factor of 16.9% at 2.5-A resolution. Comparison with the structure of the dephosphorylated enzyme shows that there are no large scale conformational changes and that small conformational changes are highly localized around the site of phosphorylation at serine 113. Tyrosine 160 rotates by 15 degrees, and there is a local rearrangement of water structure. There is an 0.2-A net movement of loop 230-234, and side chain shifts of 0.2 A root mean square for isoleucine 159 and lysine 199. The lack of large conformational changes, the observation of a possible isocitrate binding site close to serine 113, and the demonstration that the phosphorylated enzyme is unable to bind isocitrate suggest that this enzyme is inactivated by a direct electrostatic interaction between the substrate and the serine phosphate.
Randomized double‐blind, placebo‐controlled trial of sublingual immunotherapy with a Pru p 3 quantified peach extract (2009)

In this first exploratory clinical trial, SLIT for peach allergy seems to be a promising therapeutic option that could modify the clinical reactivity of the patients to peach intake and the underlying immunological response with a good tolerance.
Nucleolin: acharan sulfate-binding protein on the surface of cancer cells (2004)

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are complex polysaccharides that participate in the regulation of physiological processes through the interactions with a wide variety of proteins. Acharan sulfate (AS), isolated from the giant African snail Achatina fulica, primarily consists of the repeating disaccharide structure alpha-D-N-acetylglucosaminyl (1-->4) 2-sulfoiduronic acid. Exogenous AS was injected subcutaneously near the tumor tissue in C57BL/6 mice that had been implanted with Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLCs). The location of AS in the tumor was assessed by staining of sectioned tissues with alcian blue and periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) reagent. In vitro assays indicated binding of cells to 50 microg/ml AS (or heparin) after a 5-h incubation. Immunofluorescence assays, using anti-AS antibody, detected AS at the cell surface. The outer-surface of LLCs were next biotinylated to identify the AS-binding proteins. Biotinylated cells were lysed, and the lysates were fractionated on the AS affinity column using a stepwise salt gradient (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0, and 2.0 M). The fractions were analyzed by SDS-PAGE with silver staining and western blotting. We focused on the proteins with high affinity for AS (eluting at 1 M NaCl) and detected only two bands by western blotting. ESI Q-TOF MS analysis of one of these bands, molecular weight approximately 110 kDa, showed it to be nucleolin. A phosphorylated form of nucleolin on the surface of cells acts as a cell surface receptor for a variety of ligands, including growth factors (i.e., basic fibroblast growth factor) and chemokines (i.e., midkine). These results show that nucleolin is one of several AS-binding proteins and suggest that AS might demonstrate its tumor growth inhibitory activity by binding the nucleolin receptor protein on the surface of cancer cells.
Vinylic organoboranes. 1. A convenient synthesis of acetylenes via the reaction of lithium (1-alkynyl) organoborates with iodine (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVinylic organoboranes. 1. A convenient synthesis of acetylenes via the reaction of lithium (1-alkynyl) organoborates with iodineAkira Suzuki, Norio Miyaura, Shigeo Abiko, Mitsuomi Itoh, M. Mark Midland, James A. Sinclair, and Herbert C. BrownCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 24, 4507–4511Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00374a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00374a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views698Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Identification and Properties of Glycated Monoclonal IgA That Affect the Fructosamine Assay (2003)

Serum fructosamine is used to monitor short-term (1–3 weeks) average glycemia (1)(2), but controversy remains whether it is influenced by the serum concentrations of albumin (3)(4), IgA (5)(6), or monoclonal IgA (7)(8). We recently demonstrated glycation of monoclonal IgA and the presence of IgA-albumin complexes (9), but the relationship between the glycation of monoclonal IgA and the IgA-albumin complexes was not clear.

In this study, we measured immunoglobulin-albumin complexes, serum fructosamine, and the glycation of immunoglobulin in patients with monoclonal proteinemia and in patients with polyclonal hyper-IgA.

We obtained serum samples from 40 patients with M-proteinemia with no history of diabetes and whose plasma glucose concentrations were <1.1 g/L. The M-protein was IgG in 17 of the patients [mean (SD), 29.2 (21.0) g/L], IgA in 13 [18.5 (16.4) g/L], and IgM in 10 [16.8 (11.3) g/L]. We also analyzed sera from 15 nondiabetic patients with hepatitis who had polyclonal hyper-IgA [5.1 (1.1) g/L] as controls.

Serum fructosamine was measured at 37 °C in an automated analyzer (JCA-RX 10 Clinalyzer; Japan Electron Optics Laboratory) with reagents from Roche Diagnostics Corporation.

Serum protein electrophoresis was performed on agarose gels. Immunoelectrophoresis was based on the method of Scheidegger (10). Fructosamine was detected on agarose gels by incubating the gel for 30 min at 37 °C with a 2× concentration of a fructosamine reagent.

IgA was isolated from serum with use of a jacalin-agarose (Funakoshi Corporation) column (11) and 0.8 mol/L galactose to elute the IgA. The IgA fraction was dialyzed against 0.2 mol/L Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), concentrated by ultrafiltration, loaded on a DEAE-Sephacel (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) ion-exchange column, and eluted with a linear gradient of 0–0.5 mol/L NaCl in the 0.2 mol/L Tris-HCl buffer.

Sera were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), …
<title>Facet model and mathematical morphology for surface characterization</title> (1999)

This paper describes an algorithm for the automatic segmentation and representation of surface structures and non-uniformities in an industrial setting. The automatic image processing and analysis algorithm is developed as part of a complete on-line web characterization system of a paper making process at the wet end. The goal is to: (1) link certain types of structures on the surface of the web to known machine parameter values, and (2) find the connection between detected structures at the beginning of the line and defects seen on the final product. Images of the pulp mixture, carried by a fast moving table, are obtained using a stroboscopic light and a CCD camera. This characterization algorithm succeeded where conventional contrast and edge detection techniques failed due to a poorly controlled environment. The images obtained have poor contrast and contain noise caused by a variety of sources.