gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Two-Fold Interpenetrated Coordination Framework with a Rare (3,6)-Connected loh1 Topology: Magnetic Properties and Photocatalytic Behavior (2012)

A new manganese(II) coordination polymer, [Mn2(L1)4/3(L2)2]n (1) (L1 = 4′-(4-pyridyl)-4,2′:6′,4″-terpyridine, H2L2 = (4-phenyl)-2,6-bis(4-carboxyphenyl)pyridine), has been prepared and structurally characterized. Complex 1 is a 2-fold interpenetrated three-dimensional framework, which to our knowledge represents the first interpenetration example of coordination framework with unique (3,6)-connected loh1 topology. Furthermore, the magnetic properties and photocatalytic activity have been investigated. As a result, complex 1 displays a weak antiferromagnetic interaction among the Mn(II) centers and good photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methyl orange solution under ultraviolet light irradiation.
Mechanisms of Cell Killing/Cytopathic Effects by Nonhuman Retroviruses (1988)

Retroviruses have been studied primarily for their role in cancer. However, with the AIDS epidemic, attention has shifted to the other effects of retroviral infection. In particular, since human immunodeficiency virus results in killing of CD4-positive T cells, there is interest in the mechanism of cell killing by retroviruses. Numerous other retroviruses are also cytopathic. Studies of these other retroviruses are reviewed in this article. In particular, the hypothesis that cell killing is the result of superinfection or other increased viral envelope protein-cell receptor interaction is suggested.
Quantification of stenosis in coronary artery via CTA using fuzzy distance transform (2009)

tomographic angiography (CTA) being noninvasive, economical and informative, has become a common modality for monitoring disease status and treatment effects. Here, we present a new method for detecting and quantifying coronary arterial stenosis via CTA using fuzzy distance transform (FDT) approach. FDT computes local depth at each image point in the presence of partial voluming. Coronary arterial stenoses are detected and their severities are quantified by analyzing FDT values along the medial axis of an artery obtained by skeletonization. Also, we have developed a new skeletal pruning algorithm toward improving quality of medial axes and therefore, enhancing the accuracy of stenosis detection and quantification. The method is completed using the following steps - (1) fuzzy segmentation of coronary artery via CTA, (2) FDT computation of coronary arteries, (3) medial axis computation, (4) estimation of local diameter along arteries and (5) stenosis detection and quantification of arterial blockage. Performance of the method has been quantitatively evaluated on a realistic coronary artery phantom dataset with randomly simulated stenoses and the results are compared with a classical binary algorithm. The method has also been applied on a clinical CTA dataset from thirteen patients with 59 stenoses and the results are compared with an expert's quantitative assessment of stenoses. Results of the phantom experiment indicate that the new method is significantly more accurate as compared to the conventional binary method. Also, the results of the clinical study indicate that the computerized method is highly in agreement with the expert's assessments.
Catherine II and the Jews: The origins of the pale of settlement (1975)

(1975). Catherine II and the Jews: The origins of the pale of settlement. Soviet Jewish Affairs: Vol. 5, No. 2, pp. 3-20.
Therapeutic benefit of a K-channel opening drug in cocaine toxicity (2005)

Background Outcome of cocaine abuse is poor, warranting discovery of effective therapies. As cocaine toxicity stems from a hyperadrenergic state, we tested whether targeted manipulation of KATP channel function, a recently discovered protective mechanism against catecholamine challenge, improves outcome. Methods Cocaine (100 mg/kg ip) was administered to wildtype or KATP channel-knockout mice, and pinacidil served as the prototypic KATP channel opener. Results Repetitive cocaine abuse (once a day for 3 days) was associated with 50% lethality in wildtype, with pinacidil (1 mg/kg sc) treatment reducing mortality by 40%. After a cocaine overdose in wildtype, the incidence of seizures, a hallmark of central nervous system toxicity, was also halved by pinacidil therapy (10 mg/kg sc). In the absence of KATP channels, pinacidil was deprived of protective action against cocaine toxicity. Ablation of KATP channels reduced survival following a single cocaine overdose from 15% to 33%. Deterioration in cardiovascular function induced by chronic cocaine abuse was also precipitated with lack of KATP channels. Conclusions KATP channels are thus critical to the adaptive response to cocaine distress, with targeted modulation of channel function defining outcome. Use of KATP channel openers may prove useful as an effective therapeutic modality against cocaine toxicity. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (2005) 77, P99–P99; doi: 10.1016/j.clpt.2005.01.008
Identification of Residues in the Staphylococcus aureus Fibrinogen-binding MSCRAMM Clumping Factor A (ClfA) That Are Important for Ligand Binding (2001)

Clumping factor A (ClfA) is a cell surface-associated protein of Staphylococcus aureus that promotes binding of this pathogen to both soluble and immobilized fibrinogen (Fg). Previous studies have localized the Fg-binding activity of ClfA to residues 221-559 within the A region of this protein. In addition, the C-terminal part of the A region (residues 484-550) has been implicated as being important for Fg binding. In this study, we further investigate the involvement of this part of ClfA in the interaction of this protein with Fg. Polyclonal antibodies generated against a recombinant protein encompassing residues 500-559 of the A region inhibited the interaction of both S. aureus and recombinant ClfA with immobilized Fg in a dose-dependent manner. Using site-directed mutagenesis, two adjacent residues, Glu(526) and Val(527), were identified as being important for the activity of ClfA. S. aureus expressing ClfA containing either the E526A or V527S substitution exhibited a reduced ability to bind to soluble Fg and to adhere to immobilized Fg. Furthermore, bacteria expressing ClfA containing both substitutions were almost completely defective in Fg binding. The E526A and V527S substitutions were also introduced into recombinant ClfA (rClfA-(221-559)) expressed in Escherichia coli. The single mutant rClfA-(221-559) proteins showed a significant reduction in affinity for both immobilized Fg and a synthetic fluorescein-labeled C-terminal gamma-chain peptide compared with the wild-type protein, whereas the double mutant rClfA-(221-559) protein was almost completely defective in binding to either species. Substitution of Glu(526) and/or Val(527) did not appear to alter the secondary structure of rClfA-(221-559) as determined by far-UV circular dichroism spectroscopy. These data suggest that the C terminus of the A region may contain at least part of the Fg-binding site of ClfA and that Glu(526) and Val(527) may be involved in ligand recognition.
The Use of Adaptive Traffic Signal Systems Based on Floating Car Data (2017)

This paper presents a simple concept which has not been, up to now, thoroughly explored in scientific research: the use of information coming from the network of Internet connected mobile devices (on vehicles) to regulate traffic light systems. Three large-scale changes are going to shape the future of transportation and could lead to the regulation of traffic signal system based on floating car data (FCD): (i) the implementation of Internet connected cars with global navigation satellite (GNSS) system receivers and the autonomous car revolution; (ii) the spreading of mobile cooperative Web 2.0 and the extension to connected vehicles; (iii) an increasing need for sustainability of transportation in terms of energy efficiency, traffic safety, and environmental issues. Up to now, the concept of floating car data (FCD) has only been extensively used to obtain traffic information and estimate traffic parameters. Traffic lights regulation based on FCD technology has not been fully researched since the implementation requires new ideas and algorithms. This paper intends to provide a seminal insight into the important issue of adaptive traffic light based on FCD by presenting ideas that can be useful to researchers and engineers in the long-term task of developing new algorithms and systems that may revolutionize the way traffic lights are regulated.
An effective route to produce few-layer graphene using combinatorial ball milling and strong aqueous exfoliants (2013)

In this paper, a simple, cost effective, and scalable process for production of few-layer graphene is reported by combining ball milling with exfoliants. The graphene was derived from low-cost graphite, which was subjected to high-energy ball milling in an aqueous medium containing a strong exfoliant (1-pyrenecarboxylic acid) and a common solvent methanol. Such a combinatorial approach has not been used before. At a fixed concentration of 1-pyrenecarboxylic acid, the extent of exfoliation was found to be strongly dependent upon the energy input from the ball milling process (expressed as number of hours of milling) and the solvent used. The graphene produced had the distinctive Raman signature, x-ray diffraction crystallinity, scanning electron microscopic image features, transmission electron microscopic images, and high conductivity values (6.7 × 103 S m−1) in 4-probe electrical measurements all of which compared reasonably with typical values achieved for few-layer graphene. Application of the few-layer graphene was investigated as an electrode for supercapacitors. The graphene-coated electrode showed good specific capacitance and area capacitance (∼176 F g−1 and 1.6 F cm−2), superior to conventionally processed graphene. Also demonstrated is good stability in multiple cyclic voltammetric cycles as also a low fade in capacitance after 100 cycles. Based on the obtained characteristics, which show high degree of fidelity when compared to commercial graphene, the few-layer graphene was considered to be a good cost-effective and scalable alternative for applications in energy and other fields.
Alternatives to GPS (2002)

The U.S. Navy is currently pursuing several approaches to improving the reliability of precision navigation systems, including those that would still permit precision navigation in the event that the Global Positioning System (GPS) is denied or unavailable. This paper examines two alternatives to GPS: bathymetric and celestial navigation. Bathymetric navigation, a non-deniable source of position, determines a position by correlating real time returns from an echo sounder with a digitally stored bathymetric map of an area being traversed. While used successfully for many years by ballistic missile submarines, neither current attack submarines nor surface ships have taken full advantage of this technology. The SSC-SD has demonstrated that when using GPS-based, high-resolution bathymetric charts, along with narrow beam echo sounders, position fix accuracy approaching that of the reference chart can be achieved. Studies conducted by the U.S. Naval Observatory (USNO) show that using present-day star tracker technology, position accuracy derived from a celestial reference could be within one arcsecond (30 meters or 100 feet on the Earth's surface). The USNO, SSC-SD, and the Naval Research Laboratory are currently conducting a joint feasibility study to assess the technology used in modern star trackers. The goal is the development of small, lightweight, inexpensive, and reliable celestial systems that can be coupled to existing Inertial navigation systems for ship and aircraft navigation. Both of these alternatives to GPS can be used to improve navigation performance, and to provide accurate position in the event of GPS loss or denial.
Ephrin-A1 Suppresses Th2 Cell Activation and Provides a Regulatory Link to Lung Epithelial Cells (2004)

Gene expression screening showed decreased ephrin-A1 expression in CD4+ T cells of asthma patients. Ephrin-A1 is the ligand of the Eph receptor family of tyrosine kinases, forming the largest family of receptor tyrosine kinases. Their immune regulatory properties are largely unknown. This study demonstrates significantly reduced ephrin-A1 expression in T cells of asthma patients using real time-PCR. Immunohistological analyses revealed strong ephrin-A1 expression in lung tissue and low expression in cortical areas of lymph nodes. It is absent in T cell/B cell areas of the spleen. Colocalization of ephrin-A1 and its receptors was found only in the lung, but not in lymphoid tissues. In vitro activation of T cells reduced ephrin-A1 at mRNA and protein levels. T cell proliferation, activation-induced, and IL-2-dependent cell death were inhibited by cross-linking ephrin-A1, and not by engagement of Eph receptors. However, anti-EphA1 receptor slightly enhances Ag-specific and polyclonal proliferation of PBMC cultures. Furthermore, activation-induced CD25 up-regulation was diminished by ephrin-A1 engagement. Ephrin-A1 engagement reduced IL-2 expression by 82% and IL-4 reduced it by 69%; the IFN-gamma expression remained unaffected. These results demonstrate that ephrin-A1 suppresses T cell activation and Th2 cytokine expression, while preventing activation-induced cell death. The reduced ephrin-A1 expression in asthma patients may reflect the increased frequency of activated T cells in peripheral blood. That the natural ligands of ephrin-A1 are most abundantly expressed in the lung may be relevant for Th2 cell regulation in asthma and Th2 cell generation by mucosal allergens.
A Whole Cell Biosensor Based On Cell-substrate Interactions (2005)

A new type of whole cell biosensor has been developed that electrically monitors the motion and morphology of anchored mammalian cells. In the sensor, cells are cultured on small gold electrodes and their attachment, spreading, and locomotions are detected as impedance changes. These measurements can be followed in real time and provide quantitative information regarding the behavior of small populations of cells or even a single cell. The system has been used to non-invasively detect the effects of biologically active agents upon both normal and transformed fibroblasts, macrophages, and endothelial cells.
An Expert System For Seismic Data Interpretation: Expert System Development for Seismic Data Interpretation using Visual and Analytical Tools with over 200 Rules (2012)

Seismic images are extensively used by petroleum geologists to delineate subsurface geological structures. This interpretation is dependent on interpreter's individual skills, and expertise causing a complex seismic image to be interpreted differently by different seismologists. To overcome this uncertainty a prototype expert system SeisExpert, has been developed in which the experience and heuristic knowledge of the experts have been incorporated in the form of a set of rules. Over 120 rules have been built into a commercially available expert system shell, Flex (from Logic Programming Associates, UK). Information received from the user is chained through these rules to interpret the seismic images. Additionally, analytical procedures have been provided to refine the interpretation in case of complex subsurface structures. These include statistical cross-correlation across the seismic traces and secondary attributes such as instantaneous phase and reflection strength. Using this system, several horizons were successfully tracked across seismic traces in seismic images containing field data from existing oil fields. Discontinuities such as faults, were also identified.
L-Asparaginase: A Promising Chemotherapeutic Agent (2007)

This article comprises detailed information about L-asparaginase, encompassing topics such as microbial and plant sources of L-asparaginase, treatment with L-asparaginase, mechanism of action of L-asparaginase, production, purification, properties, expression and characteristics of l-asparaginase along with information about studies on the structure of L-asparaginase. Although L-asparaginase has been reviewed by Savitri and Azmi (2003), our effort has been to include recent and updated information about the enzyme covering new aspects such as structural modification and immobilization of L-asparaginase, recombinant L-asparaginase, resistance to L-asparaginase, methods of assay of L-asparagine and L-asparaginase activity using the biosensor approach, L-asparaginase activity in soil and the factors affecting it. Also, side-effects of L-asparaginase treatment in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) have been discussed in the current review. L-asparaginase has been and is still one of the most widely studied therapeutic enzymes by researchers and scientists worldwide.
Direct activation of human monocyte-derived macrophages by a bacterial glycoprotein extract inhibits the intracellular multiplication of virulent Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 (1987)

Intracellular multiplication of virulent Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 was inhibited by human monocyte-derived macrophages activated by a glycoprotein extract of Klebsiella pneumoniae, RU 41.740. Macrophage cultures were infected with L. pneumophila in the presence of immune antibodies on day 7 of culture. Extracellular bacteria were removed an hour after infection, and various concentrations of RU 41.740 or an antibiotic, erythromycin, were added. Intracellular multiplication in the presence of RU 41.740 was significantly slowed down compared with that of cultures without RU 41.740. The reduction was, however, significantly less than that effected by erythromycin, which was used as a positive control for inhibition of intracellular multiplication. Cultures incubated with RU 41.740 before infection also demonstrated a significant reduction in the intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophila. In addition, RU 41.740 increased superoxide anion production from human monocytes in suspension in the presence of L. pneumophila. These results show that direct nonspecific activation of macrophages by a bacterial glycoprotein inhibits the intracellular multiplication of L. pneumophila and may suggest a role for activated macrophages in host defense against intracellular pathogens.
On the Practicality of Cryptographically Enforcing Dynamic Access Control Policies in the Cloud (2016)

The ability to enforce robust and dynamic access controls on cloud-hosted data while simultaneously ensuring confidentiality with respect to the cloud itself is a clear goal for many users and organizations. To this end, there has been much cryptographic research proposing the use of (hierarchical) identity-based encryption, attribute-based encryption, predicate encryption, functional encryption, and related technologies to perform robust and private access control on untrusted cloud providers. However, the vast majority of this work studies static models in which the access control policies being enforced do not change over time. This is contrary to the needs of most practical applications, which leverage dynamic data and/or policies. In this paper, we show that the cryptographic enforcement of dynamic access controls on untrusted platforms incurs computational costs that are likely prohibitive in practice. Specifically, we develop lightweight constructions for enforcing role-based access controls (i.e., RBAC0) over cloud-hosted files using identity-based and traditional public-key cryptography. This is done under a threat model as close as possible to the one assumed in the cryptographic literature. We prove the correctness of these constructions, and leverage real-world RBAC datasets and recent techniques developed by the access control community to experimentally analyze, via simulation, their associated computational costs. This analysis shows that supporting revocation, file updates, and other state change functionality is likely to incur prohibitive overheads in even minimally-dynamic, realistic scenarios. We identify a number of bottlenecks in such systems, and fruitful areas for future work that will lead to more natural and efficient constructions for the cryptographic enforcement of dynamic access controls. Our findings naturally extend to the use of more expressive cryptographic primitives (e.g., HIBE or ABE) and richer access control models (e.g., RBAC1 or ABAC).
Drug Targets in Hepatitis B Virus Infection (2009)

Hepatitis B virus infection (HBV) is a significant global health problem. Despite the success of universal hepatitis B vaccination in many countries, more than 350 million individuals worldwide are chronically infected and 15- 40% of those will develop cirrhosis and/or hepatocellular carcinoma if left untreated. Available therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection are effective at decreasing viremia and improving measured clinical outcomes, however, no single therapy is optimal. As such, alternative drug therapies and the investigation of their role in the management of CHB are warranted. Significant improvements in the understanding of the HBV life cycle, viral genomics, and virus-host interactions continue to lead to the development of novel viral targets and immune modulators. Currently, two major classes of agents are utilized in CHB: the interferons and the nucleos(t)ide analogues. Each agent has individual advantages and drawbacks. The development of specific antiviral therapy has led to the emergence of HBV drug-resistant strains that has limited the long-term therapeutic potential of available agents. This necessitates the development of new agents that target both wild-type and drug-resistant strains. Further understanding of the basic mechanisms and clinical nuances of drug therapy is warranted. As most novel therapies are in the earliest stages of clinical development and testing, in the near future, treatment will continue to be long-term and likely involve the use of combination therapies to prevent viral resistance. In this review, we will highlight the HBV life cycle and genome, focusing in on current and potential novel antiviral drug targets as well as the benefits and clinical challenges with these therapies.
Cytotoxic Indole Alkaloids from <i>Melodinus tenuicaudatus</i> (2010)

Four new bisindole alkaloids, melodinines H-K (1-4), a new monomer, melodinine L (5), and 11 known alkaloids were isolated from Melodinus tenuicaudatus. The structures of 1-5 were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic methods, and the known compounds were identified by comparison with data in the literature. All of the compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicity against five human cancer cell lines. Alkaloids 1, 3, and 4 and the known compound 11-methoxytabersonine (8) exhibited inhibitory effects, with IC(50) values comparable to those of cisplatin and vinorelbine.
Conversion of methanol into hydrocarbons catalysed by metal salts of heteropolyacids (1981)

Y. Ono, T. Baba, J. Sakai and T. Keii, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 400 DOI: 10.1039/C39810000400