gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hypoestoxide, a natural nonmutagenic diterpenoid with antiangiogenic and antitumor activity: possible mechanisms of action. (2002)

We have shown previously that hypoestoxide (HE), a natural diterpenoid [a bicyclo (9, 3, 1) pentadecane], is a potent nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. In this report, we demonstrate that HE also inhibits the growth of a variety of human and murine tumor cell lines in vitro at concentrations ranging from 0.3 to 10 microM and was inactive as a mutagen in the Ames test. HE exhibited highly potent (0.3-10 mg/kg dose ranges) activities against B16 melanoma growth in C57BL/6 mice and P388D1 leukemia in C57BL/6 x DBA/2 F(1) mice, respectively. At a low maximal effective dose of 5 mg/kg, HE induced significant in vivo antitumor activities that were better than or comparable with most of the standard chemotherapeutic antiangiogenic agents tested: cortisone acetate, vincristine, bleomycin, Adriamycin, 5-fluorouracil, cyclophosphamide, and etoposide. All of the agents, except vincristine, had much higher maximal effective doses than HE. HE arrested the growth of human Burkitt lymphoma CA46 cells and HeLa (cervical epitheloid carcinoma) cells in the G2-M phase of the cell cycle, which was caused by interference, either direct or indirect, with actin assembly. Thus, the cell cycle arrest occurred at cytokinesis, as demonstrated by an increase in the number of binucleate cells. Moreover, HE inhibited vascular endothelial growth factor-induced cell proliferation in vitro, with an IC(50) of 28.6 microM, and it significantly inhibited basic fibroblast growth factor-induced angiogenesis on the chick chorioallantoic membrane, with an IC50 of 10 microM. Furthermore, HE inhibited endothelial cell migration on vitronectin, collagen, and fibronectin. Besides its activity as a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, HE also has promise for the chemotherapy of cancer.
Artificial muscle actuators for haptic displays: system design to match the dynamics and tactile sensitivity of the human fingerpad (2010)

Electroactive Polymer Artificial Muscles (EPAM<sup>TM</sup>) based on dielectric elastomers have the bandwidth and the energy density required to make haptic displays that are both responsive and compact. Recent work at Artificial Muscle Inc. has been directed toward the development of thin, high-fidelity haptic modules for mobile handsets. The modules provide the brief tactile "click" that confirms key press, and the steady state "bass" effects that enhance gaming and music. To design for these capabilities we developed a model of the physical system comprised of the actuator, handset, and user. Output of the physical system was passed through a transfer function to covert vibration into an estimate of the intensity of the user's haptic sensation. A model of fingertip impedance versus button press force is calibrated to data, as is impedance of the palm holding a handset. An energy-based model of actuator performance is derived and calibrated, and the actuator geometry is tuned for good haptic performance.
High‐resolution extracted ion chromatography, a new tool for metabolomics and lipidomics using a second‐generation orbitrap mass spectrometer (2009)

Most analytical methods in metabolomics are based on one of two strategies. The first strategy is aimed at specifically analysing a limited number of known metabolites or compound classes. Alternatively, an unbiased approach can be used for profiling as many features as possible in a given metabolome without prior knowledge of the identity of these features. Using high-resolution mass spectrometry with instruments capable of measuring m/z ratios with sufficiently low mass measurement uncertainties and simultaneous high scan speeds, it is possible to combine these two strategies, allowing unbiased profiling of biological samples and targeted analysis of specific compounds at the same time without compromises. Such high mass accuracy and mass resolving power reduces the number of candidate metabolites occupying the same retention time and m/z ratio space to a minimum. In this study, we demonstrate how targeted analysis of phospholipids as well as unbiased profiling is achievable using a benchtop orbitrap instrument after high-speed reversed-phase chromatography. The ability to apply both strategies in one experiment is an important step forward in comprehensive analysis of the metabolome.
Ancylostoma caninum: Metalloprotease Release Coincides with Activation of Infective Larvae in Vitro (1995)

Infective stages of several nematode parasites are known to release proteases in excretory/secretory products. These enzymes are believed to facilitate tissue invasion, although direct evidence is lacking. For these investigations, we employed an assay that uses the resumption of feeding as a marker for early events in the infectious process. When Ancylostoma caninum third-stage infective larvae are stimulated to feed in vitro, they release proteases of approximately 50,000 and 90,000 molecular weight, as determined by substrate gel electrophoresis. The enzymes are inhibited by the zinc chelator 1,10-phenanthroline, but not by the nonchelating isomer 4,7-phenanthroline, indicating that the proteolytic activity is zinc-dependent. Both compounds inhibit in vitro feeding, although inhibition by 1,10-phenanthroline is zinc-dependent, whereas inhibition by 4,7-phenanthroline is zinc-independent. The specific release of proteases associated with the initiation of feeding suggests that the metalloprotease serves an integral function in the transition of the free-living stage to parasitism.
Reaktionen von 1-Alkoxy-isoindoleninen / Reactions of 1-Alkoxy-isoindolenines (1973)

Reactions of 1-alkoxy-isoindolenines with electrophilic, nucleophilic and dienophilic reagents have been investigated as a general route for the synthesis of substituted isoindoles and isoindolenines.
Sequential bilateral transplantation in Parkinson's (1999)

Summary Five parkinsonian patients who had received implants of human embryonic mesencephalic tissue unilaterally in the striatum 10‐56 months earlier were grafted with tissue from four to eight donors into the putamen (four patients) or the putamen plus the caudate nucleus (one patient) on the other side, and were followed for 18‐24 months. After 12‐18 months, PET showed a mean 85% increase in 6-L-[ 18 F]fluorodopa uptake in the putamen with the second graft, whereas there was no significant further change in the previously transplanted putamen. Two patients exhibited marked additional improvements after their second graft: ‘on‐off’ fluctuations virtually
Benign prostatic hyperplasia and growth factors. (1990)

A great deal of work has been accomplished in the attempt to determine the cause of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Early work by morphologists suggests that BPH starts as a stromal disease and that the hyperplastic stroma secretes a substance that stimulates the growth of epithelial cells. The quantitative morphometric data also suggest that BPH is primarily a stromal disease. Experimental embryology data have shown that the basic fibroblast growth factor, bFGF, is involved in early embryogenesis and is the primary inducer of mesodermal tissue. Work in mouse embryos has shown that a powerful inducer for prostatic epithelial growth is elaborated by the urogenital mesenchyme. Both of these findings fit the hypothesis that stromal hyperplasia may be initiated by a growth factor and that a second growth factor stimulates epithelial growth. Work in our laboratory has established that bFGF is the primary growth factor present in human BPH. We have also found that bFGF is synthesized by prostate fibroblasts and bFGF may be in higher concentration in the periurethral tissues of BPH. At this time, no definite link between growth factors and hyperplastic growth of the prostate has been established. However, circumstantial evidence has lead us to formulate several hypothesis regarding the role of growth factors in BPH. Hopefully, these hypothesis will be of some assistance in guiding future work on growth factors and BPH.
Distributed Denial of Service Prevention Techniques (2010)

The significance of the DDoS problem and the increased occurrence, sophistication and strength of attacks has led to the dawn of numerous prevention mechanisms. Each proposed prevention mechanism has some unique advantages and disadvantages over the others. In this paper, we present a classification of available mechanisms that are proposed in literature on preventing Internet services from possible DDoS attacks and discuss the strengths and weaknesses of each mechanism. This provides better understanding of the problem and enables a security administrator to effectively equip his arsenal with proper prevention mechanisms for fighting against DDoS threat.
LiB (  CH 3 ) 4 ‐ Dioxolane Electrolyte in Rechargeable Li / TiS2 Cells (1981)

is an example of a large class of boron complex anion salts which are very soluble and highly conductive in dioxolane. Solutions of have been investigated as electrolytes in cells. At room temperature such cells have been operated as rechargeable energy storage devices which are capable of continuous discharge (5 mA/cm2) and charge (1.25 mA/cm2) cycling. While solutions of appear stable over long periods, contact with results in anion oxidation with concomitant formation of . The oxidation products are gases whose apparent rate of generation is proportional to the concentrations of solute and. The product distribution depends on whether solution contacts alone, or in a cell. The electrolyte‐cathode reaction is thought to involve transient methyl radicals which are formed during a concerted process involving anion oxidation and lithiation.
Correction for range restriction: An expanded typology. (2000)

A common research problem is the estimation of the population correlation between x and y from an observed correlation rxy obtained from a sample that has been restricted because of some sample selection process. Methods of correcting sample correlations for range restriction in a limited set of conditions are well-known. An expanded classification scheme for range-restriction scenarios is developed that conceptualizes range-restriction scenarios from various combinations of the following facets: (a) the variable(s) on which selection occurs (x, y and/or a 3rd variable z), (b) whether unrestricted variances for the relevant variables are known, and (c) whether a 3rd variable, if involved, is measured or unmeasured. On the basis of these facets, the authors describe potential solutions for 11 different range-restriction scenarios and summarize research to date on these techniques.
Dual-Modal Magnetic Resonance and Fluorescence Imaging of Atherosclerotic Plaques in Vivo Using VCAM-1 Targeted Tobacco Mosaic Virus (2014)

The underlying cause of major cardiovascular events, such as myocardial infarctions and strokes, is atherosclerosis. For accurate diagnosis of this inflammatory disease, molecular imaging is required. Toward this goal, we sought to develop a nanoparticle-based, high aspect ratio, molecularly targeted magnetic resonance (MR) imaging contrast agent. Specifically, we engineered the plant viral nanoparticle platform tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) to target vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1, which is highly expressed on activated endothelial cells at atherosclerotic plaques. To achieve dual optical and MR imaging in an atherosclerotic ApoE(-/-) mouse model, TMV was modified to carry near-infrared dyes and chelated Gd ions. Our results indicate molecular targeting of atherosclerotic plaques. On the basis of the multivalency and multifunctionality, the targeted TMV-based MR probe increased the detection limit significantly; the injected dose of Gd ions could be further reduced 400x compared to the suggested clinical use, demonstrating the utility of targeted nanoparticle cargo delivery.
Automatic registration of retina images based on genetic techniques (2008)

The aim of this paper is to develop an automatic method for the registration of multitemporal digital images of the fundus of the human retina. The images are acquired from the same patient at different times by a color fundus camera. The proposed approach is based on the application of global optimization techniques to previously extracted maps of curvilinear structures in the images to be registered (such structures being represented by the vessels in the human retina): in particular, a genetic algorithm is used, in order to estimate the optimum transformation between the input and the base image. The algorithm is tested on two different types of data, gray scale and color images, and for both types, images with small changes and with large changes are used. The comparison between the registered images using the implemented method and a manual one points out that the proposed algorithm provides an accurate registration. The convergence to a solution is not possible only when dealing with images taken from very different view-points.
Centrifugal partition chromatography in the separation of natural products (1990)

Abstract Recent innovations in liquid/liquid chromatographic techniques have led to a resurgence of interest in their use for the separation of natural products. Commercially available instruments which rely on centrifugal acceleration to speed up separation times are based either on a battery of cartridges or on a rotating multilayer coil and can be employed either as analytical tools or for preparative purposes. While solvent consumption is low, milligram to gram quantities are capable of being separated. Aqueous and non‐aqueous two‐phase solvent systems are compatible with these techniques and numerous applications involving simple and complex mixtures of natural products, both polar and non‐polar, have been demonstrated.
Really Small Shoe Boxes: On Realistic Quantum Resource Estimation (2019)

The reliable resource estimation and benchmarking of quantum algorithms is a critical component of the development cycle of viable quantum applications for quantum computers of all sizes. Determining resource bottlenecks in algorithms, especially when resource intensive error correction protocols are required, is crucial to reduce the cost of implementing viable algorithms on actual quantum hardware.
Accelerating Structures for Superconducting Electron Linacs (1967)

A study to determine the optuimum slow wave structure for a superconducting linear accelerator is being conducted. Vacuum, thermal, and mechanical problems at cryogenic temperatures impose limitations on such structures. Ultimately, the maximum energy gradient in a superconducting structure is limited by the critical magnetic field or electric field breakdown. At present a π/2, biperiodic, standing-wave structure is favored. Calculations of the dispersion diagram and longitudinal electric field profile has been obtained from a coupled resonator, normal mode analysis. A comparison is made with room temperature measurements on stacked test cells. The effects of full end cells and of incorrectly tuned cells on the flatness of the electric field profile are considered. The relationship between cell tuning and the presence of a stop band in the dispersion curve is shown. Problems of coupling to a high Q superconducting structure and tuning the frequencies of sections in a multi-section linac are considered. Results are given for the Q, the dispersion diagram, and the energy gain for a 952 MHz lead-plated superconducting structure 5 feet in length operating near 2°K.
IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERISATION OF BEER POLYPEPTIDES DERIVED FROM BARLEY HORDEINS (1997)

Two groups off hordein-reactive antibodies (cross-reactive in barley with B/C monomers or subunits from the B/D-hordein aggregates) were used for the analysis of malt, wort and beer. A number of additional lower molecular weight hordein-derived polypeptides were present in water extracts of malts and worts, and protease inhibitors or higher mash-in temperature had a stabilising effect on certain hordein-derived polypeptides. The solubilisation profiles of hordein polypeptides monitored by specific immunological methods were clearly different from total wort polypeptides monitored by the Bradford method. There were also differences between the profiles for the two groups of hordein-derived polypeptides with the solubilisation of polypeptides recognised by antibody with specificity for the subunits from the B/D aggregates being especially temperature dependent. Beer samples mainly contained hordein-derived polypeptides of lower molecular weight than barley hordeins with polypeptides in the B and C molecular weight regions being lost during the brewing process. Beer polypeptides (Mr > 50,000) were recognised by antibodies cross-reactive with the subunits from the B/D aggregates in barley. A number of lower molecular weight polypeptides (Mr < 30,000) were recognised by antibodies with specificity for B and C hordeins; a subset of the latter antibody group bound to a specific Mr 23,000 beer polypeptide.
Incidence and prevalence of CIDP and the association of diabetes mellitus (2009)

1) The incidence (1.6/100,000/year) and prevalence (8.9/100,000) of chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy (CIDP) are similar to or higher than previous estimates. 2) The incidence of CIDP is similar to that of acute inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculoneuropathy within the same population. 3) Diabetes mellitus (DM) is unlikely to be a major risk covariate for CIDP, but we cannot exclude a small effect. 4) The perceived association of DM with CIDP may be due to misclassification of other forms of diabetic neuropathies and excessive emphasis on electrophysiologic criteria.
A comparative study of two adaptive continuous-time filters for decision feedback equalization read channels (2002)

This paper presents a comparative study of two adaptive continuous-time 3rd order allpass equalizers for magnetic disk decision feedback equalization read channels. These are based on adaptive current-mode Gm-C structures employing low-mismatch high bandwidth pseudo-differential balanced transconductors and polarized MOSFET arrays as integrating capacitors. Transistor level simulation results are presented to demonstrate the performance characteristics of both structures.
Early experiences in evaluating the parallel disk model with the ViC∗ implementation (1997)

Although several algorithms have been developed for the Parallel Disk Model (PDM), few have been implemented. Consequently, little has been known about the accuracy of the PDM in measuring I/O time and total running time to perform an out-of-core computation. This paper analyzes timing results on multiple-disk platforms for two PDM algorithms, out-of-core radix sort and BMMC permutations, to determine the strengths and weaknesses of the PDM. The results indicate the following. First, good PDM algorithms are usually not I/O bound. Second, of the four PDM parameters, one (problem size) is a good indicator of I/O time and running time, one (memory size) is a good indicator of I/O time but not necessarily running time, and the other two (block size and number of disks) do not necessarily indicate either I/O or running time. Third, because PDM algorithms tend not to be I/O bound, using asynchronous I/O can reduce I/O wait times significantly. The software interface to the PDM is part of the ViC ∗ run-time library. The interface is a set of wrappers that are designed to be both efficient and portable across several underlying file systems and target machines.
Unconditionally Secure Quantum Bit Commitment Is Possible (2000)

Bit commitment involves the submission of evidence from one party to another so that the evidence can be used to confirm a later revealed bit value by the first party, while the second party cannot determine the bit value from the evidence alone. It is widely believed that secure quantum bit commitment is impossible due to quantum entanglement cheating, which is codified in a general impossibility theorem. In this paper, the scope of this general impossibility proof is extended and analyzed, and gaps are found. Three specific protocols are described for which the entanglement cheating as given in the impossibility proof fails to work. One of these protocols, QBC2, is proved to be unconditionally secure.
Bone marrow-derived circulating endothelial precursors do not contribute to vascular endothelium and are not needed for tumor growth (2008)

The mechanisms by which bone marrow (BM)-derived stem cells might contribute to angiogenesis and the origin of neovascular endothelial cells (ECs) are controversial. Neovascular ECs have been proposed to originate from VEGF receptor 2-expressing (VEGFR-2+) stem cells mobilized from the BM by VEGF or tumors, and it is thought that angiogenesis and tumor growth may depend on such endothelial precursors or progenitors. We studied the mobilization of BM cells to circulation by inoculating mice with VEGF polypeptides, adenoviral vectors expressing VEGF, or tumors. We induced angiogenesis by syngeneic melanomas, APCmin adenomas, adenoviral VEGF delivery, or matrigel plugs in four different genetically tagged universal or endothelial cell-specific chimeric mouse models, and subsequently analyzed the contribution of BM-derived cells to endothelium in a wide range of time points. To study the existence of circulating ECs in a nonmyeloablative setting, pairs of genetically marked parabiotic mice with a shared anastomosed circulatory system were created. We did not observe specific mobilization of VEGFR-2+ cells to circulation by VEGF or tumors. During angiogenesis, abundant BM-derived perivascular cells were recruited close to blood vessel wall ECs but did not form part of the endothelium. No circulation-derived vascular ECs were observed in the parabiosis experiments. Our results show that no BM-derived VEGFR-2+ or other EC precursors contribute to vascular endothelium and that cancer growth does not require BM-derived endothelial progenitors. Endothelial differentiation is not a typical in vivo function of normal BM-derived stem cells in adults, and it has to be an extremely rare event if it occurs at all.
Informatics and Data Mining Tools and Strategies for the Human Connectome Project (2011)

The Human Connectome Project (HCP) is a major endeavor that will acquire and analyze connectivity data plus other neuroimaging, behavioral, and genetic data from 1,200 healthy adults. It will serve as a key resource for the neuroscience research community, enabling discoveries of how the brain is wired and how it functions in different individuals. To fulfill its potential, the HCP consortium is developing an informatics platform that will handle: (1) storage of primary and processed data, (2) systematic processing and analysis of the data, (3) open-access data-sharing, and (4) mining and exploration of the data. This informatics platform will include two primary components. ConnectomeDB will provide database services for storing and distributing the data, as well as data analysis pipelines. Connectome Workbench will provide visualization and exploration capabilities. The platform will be based on standard data formats and provide an open set of application programming interfaces (APIs) that will facilitate broad utilization of the data and integration of HCP services into a variety of external applications. Primary and processed data generated by the HCP will be openly shared with the scientific community, and the informatics platform will be available under an open source license. This paper describes the HCP informatics platform as currently envisioned and places it into the context of the overall HCP vision and agenda.