gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brainstem Influences on the Cephalic Circulation: Experimental Data From Cat and Monkey of Relevance to the Mechanism of Migraine (1983)

SYNOPSIS Stimulation of the locus ceruleus produces vasoconstriction in the intracerebral circulation and vasodilatation in the extracerebral circulation. The latter is mediated by the seventh cranial nerve, involving a non‐cholinergic transmitter. These vascular changes are reminiscent of those occurring in migraine. Stimulation of the trigeminal ganglion or of the trigeminal divisions produces a reflex dilatation in the external carotid territory also mediated by non‐cholinergic fibers in the seventh nerve. It is postulated that, in migraine, activation of the locus ceruleus would produce vasoconstriction in the cerebral circulation and dilatation extracerebrally. Such an effect would account for both the neurological symptoms of migraine and the observed changes in blood flow and vascular reactivity. Dilatation in the external carotid territory could lead to further reflex changes by activation of the central pathways described. Changes in locus ceruleus activity could be responsible for the pain of the headache phase of migraine, by disrupting a descending pain control system.
Beginner's Roadmap to Working with Driving Behavior Data (2012)

Motivation: Usage-based auto insurance has received considerable publicity, but the driving behavior data that fuels these programs has been the subject of limited academic scrutiny. In this paper, we expose the challenges and risks that result from working with this data, and we discuss how actuaries may collect, organize, and analyze driving behaviors for use in insurance applications. Method: In this paper, we use historical context to identify objectives, challenges, and risks in working with driving behavior data. We identify key tenets of the infrastructure required to support data collection, with a focus on vehicle telematics. We look at sample driving behavior data and how it may be organized into databases for predictive modeling and classification. We conclude with a discussion of sample use cases for the data. Results: Driving behavior data allows insurers to achieve unique goals in pricing, underwriting, and loss control or mitigation, but it also presents unique challenges and risks. Conclusions: Sound data management allows insurers to use driving behavior data to achieve organizational goals while rising to the challenges and risks this data presents.
The Cre/loxP system and gene targeting in the kidney (1999)

The Cre/loxP and Flp/FRT systems mediate site-specific DNA recombination and are being increasingly utilized to study gene function in vivo. These systems allow targeted gene disruption in a single cell type in vivo, thereby permitting study of the physiological and pathophysiological impact of a given gene product derived from a particular cell type. In the kidney, the Cre/loxP system has been employed to achieve gene deletion selectively within principal cells of the collecting duct. Disruption of target genes in the collecting duct, such as endothelin-1 or polycystic kidney disease-1 (PKD1), could lead to important insights into the biological roles of these gene products. With selection of the appropriate renal cell-specific promoters, these recombination systems could be used to target gene disruption to virtually any renal cell type. Although transgenic studies utilizing these recombination systems are promising, they are in their relative infancy and can be time consuming and expensive and yield unanticipated results. It is anticipated that continued experience with these systems will produce an important tool for analyzing gene function in renal health and disease.
Massachusetts Institute of Technology wavelength tables : with intensities in arc, spark, or discharge tube of more than 100,000 spectrum lines most strongly emitted by the atomic elements under normal conditions of excitation between 10,000 A. and 2000 A., arranged in order of decreasing wavelengths (1969)

with INTENSITIES IN ARC, SPARK, OR DISCHARGE TUBE of more than 100,000 SPECTRUM LINES Most Strongly Emitted by the Atomic Elements under Normal Conditions of Excitation BETWEEN 10,000 A. and 2000 A. arranged in order of decreasing wavelengths1969 EDITION, WITH ERRATA AND CERTAIN REVISIONS
AN UNUSUAL CASE OF INTRA-GROUP AGGLUTINATION (1939)

This report deals with a rare property in the blood of a patient whose serum showed an iso-agglutinin of moderate activity, which agglutinated about 80 per cent of the bloods of her own group. In view of the fact that this agglutinin tended to disappear after an interval of several months and the fact that this agglutinin gave an equally strong reaction at 37 and 20 C., it would seem to resemble agglutinins resulting from iso-immunization following repeated transfusions. This phenomenon is readily reproduced in some species (cattle, chickens, rabbits), by several repeated transfusions, but in the case of man only two clearcut instances of such iso-immunization to cellular elements are described in the literature.<sup>1</sup>The case to be described differs from these in that the immune iso-agglutinin must have been stimulated by a factor other than repeated transfusion. The nature of this factor becomes evident from a summary
Mn1-xFexCoGe: A strongly correlated metal in the proximity of a noncollinear ferromagnetic state (2013)

An unusually large Kadowaki–Woods ratio of A/γ2 ∼ 43 μΩ·cm·mol2·K2·J−2 has been observed for intermetallic Mn1-xFexCoGe compounds in the proximity of x = 0.2 where the magnetic state of itinerant electrons system changes. The ratio is approximately four times larger than observed for heavy fermion systems. The manifestation of the strong electron correlations can be realized from the anisotropic origin of the effect through the substantial reduction of interlayer transport of heavy quasiparticles with comparable mean-free path and interlayer spacing in the proximity of a noncollinear ferromagnetic state associated with a large density of states at the Fermi level.
Citric acid as a plasticizer for spray-dried microcapsules (1993)

An aqueous spray-drying process was used to coat theophylline particles with a cellulose polymer, sodium carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) or hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC). Effect of a plasticizer, citric acid, was studied. Strength of cast films have a direct relationship to the dissolution T50% values of the respective spray-dried products. With varying plasticizer concentrations, changes in interaction between plasticizer and polymer, and in size of crystallized drug crystals, were observed with HPMC films. The plasticizer content also affected the films of NaCMC by bringing about a change in the form and arrangement of the drug. X-ray diffraction analyses of the different spray-dried products revealed a possibility of the predominance of different crystal forms. Spherical spray-dried microcapsules of NaCMC were formed with a 20-30% w/w plasticizer content. With HPMC, as plasticizer concentration was increased there was a corresponding increase in mean size of the spray-dried products. In terms of drug release and formation of spherical particles, a plasticizer concentration of 30% w/w was found to be suitable for both HPMC and NaCMC.
Advanced Design for a Realistic Virtual Brush (2003)

Abstract This paper proposes a novel algorithmic framework for an advanced virtual brush to be used in interactive digitalpainting. The framework comprises the following components: a geometry model of the brush using a hierarchicalrepresentation that leads to substantial savings in every step of the painting process; fast online brush motionsimulation assisted by offline calibration that guarantees an accurate and stable simulation of the brush's dynamicbehavior; a new pigment model based on a diffusion process of random molecules that considers delicateand complex pigment behavior at dipping time as well as during painting; and a user‐adaptation component thatenables the system to cater for the personal painting habits of different users. A prototype system has been implementedbased on this framework. Compared with other virtual brushes, this new system is designed to presenta realistic brush in the sense that the system accurately and stably simulates the complex painting functionalityof a running brush, and therefore is capable of creating high‐quality digital paintings with minute aesthetic detailsthat can rival the real artwork. The advanced features also give rise to a high degree of expressiveness ofthe virtual brush that the user can comfortably manipulate. http://www.csis.hku.hk/songhuale‐brush/ providessupplementary materials for this paper. Categories and Subject Descriptors (according to ACM CCS): I.3.6 [Methodology and Techniques]: Interactiontechniques; I.3.5 [Computational Geometry and Object Modeling]: Physically based modeling; I.3.4 [GraphicsUtilities]: Paint systems;
Effect of <i>α</i>-sarcin and ribosome-inactivating proteins on the interaction of elongation factors with ribosomes (1989)

alpha-Sarcin from Aspergillus giganteus and the ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) from higher plants inactivate the 60 S ribosomal subunit. The former is an RNAase, whereas RIPs are N-glycosidases. The site of cleavage of RNA and that of N-glycosidic depurinization are at one nucleotide distance in 28 S rRNA [Endo & Tsurugi (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 8128-8130]. The effect of alpha-sarcin and that of RIPs on the interaction of elongation factors with Artemia salina (brine shrimp) ribosomes have been investigated. alpha-Sarcin inhibits both the EF1 (elongation factor 1)-dependent binding of aminoacyl-tRNA and the GTP-dependent binding of EF2 (elongation factor 2) to ribosomes, whereas two of the RIPs tested, ricin from Ricinus communis (castor bean) and volkensin from Adenia volkensii (kilyambiti), inhibit only the latter reaction. EF2 protects ribosomes from inactivation by both alpha-sarcin and ricin. The EF1-binding site is affected only by alpha-sarcin. The sensitivity of this site to alpha-sarcin is increased by pretreatment of ribosomes with ricin. A. salina ribosomes were highly resistant to the third RIP tested, namely gelonin from Gelonium multiflorum. All four proteins tested have, however, a comparable activity on the rabbit reticulocyte-lysate system.
Reduction of Acyl Cyanides with Lithium Aluminum Hydride (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of Acyl Cyanides with Lithium Aluminum HydrideAlfred Burger and Edwin D. HornbakerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 21, 5514Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01141a501https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01141a501research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views359Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bcp1, a gene required for male fertility in Arabidopsis. (1995)

Male fertility in flowering plants is dependent on production of viable pollen grains within the anther. Genes expressed exclusively in the anther are likely to include those that control male fertility. On the basis of their tissue specificity, such genes have been isolated, yet in none of them has this function been demonstrated. Here we report that one such gene, Bcp1, is active in both diploid tapetum and haploid microspores and is required for pollen fertility. Perturbation of this gene in either tapetum or microspores prevents production of fertile pollen in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. When tapetum expression of this gene is perturbed, mature anthers contain dead shriveled pollen. On the other hand, when microspore expression is perturbed, anthers show 1:1 segregation of viable/aborted pollen. These findings identify a class of sporophytic/gametophytic genes controlling male fertility and, hence, reproduction in flowering plants.
A temporal error concealment algorithm for H.264 using Lagrange interpolation (2004)

In this paper, we propose an efficient temporal error concealment algorithm for the new coding standard H.264, which makes use of the Lagrange interpolation formula. In H.264, a 16/spl times/16 inter macroblock can be divided into different block shapes for motion estimation, and each block has its own motion vector. For nature video, the motion vectors within a small area are correlative. Since the motion vector in H.264 covers a smaller area than previous coding standards, the correlation between neighboring motion vectors increases. We can use the Lagrange interpolation formula to constitute a polynomial that describes the motion tendency of motion vectors, which are next to the lost motion vector, and use this polynomial to recover the lost motion vector. The simulation result shows that our algorithm can efficiently improve the visual quality of corrupted videos.
The Location of Bound Lipid in the Lipovitellin Complex (1992)

The location of the bound lipid in the soluble lipoprotein lipovitellin has been determined by neutron crystallographic techniques. With the use of the contrast variation method, whereby the crystals are soaked in different H2O-D2O mixtures, the lipid has been found to occupy a large cavity in the protein whose structure had previously been determined by x-ray crystallography. The lipid appears to be bound in the form of a bilayer with the major protein-lipid interactions being hydrophobic and with the lipid headgroups projecting into the bulk solvent and into a solvent-filled space in the cavity.
Self-assembling electrical networks: an application of micromachining technology (2002)

It is noted that the recent applications of silicon processing technology to the manufacture of micro-mechanical devices may allow engineering of self-assembling systems. Preliminary experiments show that regular two-dimensional lattices of at least 1000 millimeter-sized elements can be mechanically self-assembled using a method analogous to crystal annealing. Physical considerations suggest that conditions become more favorable to the process as size decreases, and give rise to guidelines for optimal design. Applications to IC manufacturing are discussed. The method requires large numbers of identical, freely moving discrete elements fabricated with a controlled three-dimensional geometry, and thus may be an area in which micromachining technology can be used to advantage.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Aminoacyl‐tRNA synthesis in archaea: different but not unique (2003)

Accurate aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis is essential for correct translation of the genetic code in all organisms. Whereas many aspects of this process are conserved, others display a surprisingly high level of divergence from the canonical Escherichia coli model system. These differences are most pronounced in archaea where novel mechanisms have recently been described for aminoacylating tRNAs with asparagine, cysteine, glutamine and lysine. Whereas these mechanisms were initially assumed to be uniquely archaeal, both the alternative asparagine and lysine pathways have subsequently been demonstrated in numerous bacteria. Similarly, studies of the means by which archaea insert the rare amino acid selenocysteine in response to UGA stop codons have helped provide a better understanding of both archaeal and eukaryal selenoprotein synthesis. Most recently a new co-translationally inserted amino acid, pyrrolysine, has been found in archaea although again there is some suggestion that it may also be present in bacteria. Thus, whereas archaea contain a preponderance of non-canonical aminoacyl-tRNA synthesis systems most are also found elsewhere albeit less frequently.
Overcoming Nonviral Gene Delivery Barriers: Perspective and Future (2013)

A key end goal of gene delivery research is to develop clinically relevant vectors that can be used to combat elusive diseases such as AIDS. Despite promising engineering strategies, efficiency and ultimately gene modulation efficacy of nonviral vectors have been hindered by numerous in vitro and in vivo barriers that have resulted in subviral performance. In this perspective, we concentrate on the gene delivery barriers associated with the two most common classes of nonviral vectors, cationic-based lipids and polymers. We present the existing delivery barriers and summarize current vector-specific strategies to overcome said barriers.
Targeting of Autoantigens to DEC205+ Dendritic Cells In Vivo Suppresses Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis in Mice (2013)

The dendritic and epithelial cell receptor with a m.w. of 205 kDa (DEC205) is expressed by dendritic cells (DCs) and facilitates Ag presentation. After injection of Ags coupled to Abs specific for DEC205 into mice, Ag presentation occurs by nonactivated DCs, which leads to induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). To test this system for tolerance induction in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), we created single-chain fragment variables (scFv) specific for DEC205 and fused the scFv to the self-Ag myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG; scFv DEC:MOG). An anti-β-galactosidase scFv:MOG fusion protein (scFv GL117:MOG) served as isotype control. After staining of DCs in vitro with purified scFv DEC:MOG, binding to DCs and colocalization with MHC class II was apparent, whereas isotype controls did not bind. We next injected scFv DEC:MOG into mice and observed elevated numbers of highly activated, IL-10-producing CD4⁺CD25⁺Foxp3⁺ Tregs (17% of CD4) in spleens, as compared with isotype controls and uninjected mice (12% of CD4). Furthermore, DCs isolated from scFv DEC:MOG-injected animals produced significantly increased levels of TGF-β. Most importantly, when EAE was induced in scFv DEC:MOG-injected mice, 90% of the mice were protected from EAE, whereas all mice in the isotype controls (scFv GL117:MOG) experienced development of EAE. When applying scFv DEC:MOG to mice that had already experienced EAE symptoms, abrogation of the disease in 90% of the animals was apparent, whereas all animals in the control groups experienced development of severe EAE. Thus, these data indicate that targeting of MOG to "steady-state" DCs in vivo may provide a tool to prevent and to treat EAE by a DC/Treg-driven mechanism.
Imaging how attention modulates pain in humans using functional MRI (2002)

Current clinical and experimental literature strongly supports the phenomenon of reduced pain perception whilst attention is distracted away from noxious stimuli. This study used functional MRI to elucidate the underlying neural systems and mechanisms involved. An analogue of the Stroop task, the counting Stroop, was used as a cognitive distraction task whilst subjects received intermittent painful thermal stimuli. Pain intensity scores were significantly reduced when subjects took part in the more cognitively demanding interference task of the counting Stroop than in the less demanding neutral task. When subjects were distracted during painful stimulation, brain areas associated with the affective division of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and orbitofrontal regions showed increased activation. In contrast, many areas of the pain matrix (i.e. thalamus, insula, cognitive division of the ACC) displayed reduced activation, supporting the behavioural results of reduced pain perception.
Websights: Virtually Private (2006)

Presents an up-to-date review of new services and applications supported on the Web via the Internet.
Dynamic reconfiguration of primary/backup clusters (2012)

Dynamically changing (reconfiguring) the membership of a replicated distributed system while preserving data consistency and system availability is a challenging problem. In this paper, we show that reconfiguration can be simplified by taking advantage of certain properties commonly provided by Primary/Backup systems. We describe a new reconfiguration protocol, recently implemented in Apache Zookeeper. It fully automates configuration changes and minimizes any interruption in service to clients while maintaining data consistency. By leveraging the properties already provided by Zookeeper our protocol is considerably simpler than state of the art. 1
Use of Spelling-to-Sound Rules in Reading (1976)

The present study investigated the use of spelling-to-sound rules by second-graders, fifth-graders, and adults in the reading of novel words. Specifically, the study was concerned with the pronunciation of the vowel of monosyllabic synthetic words. Two classes of rules were studied: context-free rules, in which the pronunciation of a single-letter vowel or vowel digraph is invariant across context, and context-sensitive rules, in which the pronunciation of the vowel is dependent upon subsequent letters of the word. The performance of children and adults on the context-free stimuli indicated that beginning as well as mature readers make use of spelling-to-sound correspondence rules in the pronunciation of novel words and that the tendency to use such rules increases with age. The context-sensitive rules were not generally used; subjects tended to give the most common pronunciation for a vowel regardless of context. However, when a pronunciation other than the most common one was used for a vowel, it tended to be used in the context predicted by the context-sensitive rules. Two models of the use of spelling-to-sound rules in reading were proposed.
Densification and Shear of Sand during Vibration (1970)

The shear strength of dry, cohesionless soils is reduced during vibration (1,4,6,8,15). If the vibration is sufficiently intense, the material is densified as well (1,2,7,8,11,13,14,15). This behavior may be of considerable importance where vibrational conditions exist. However, the usefulness of the information presently available on this subject is limited.
Enhanced Redox Transformation Efficiency in Unconjugated Electroactive Polymer/Carbon Nanotube Hybrids (2016)

The mechanism for the redox activity of electroactive polymers (EAPs) with unconjugated backbones (e.g., polyvinylferrocene, PVFc) is fundamentally different from that of intrinsically conducting polymers. Here we investigate, for the first time, the redox transformation efficiency (RTE) of unconjugated EAPs with discrete electron donor/acceptors. We find that the RTE of PVFc can be modulated systematically by incorporation of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) via a facile and controllable solution process. Furthermore, we show that the improvement in the RTE of PVFc translated to enhanced performance of PVFc-based applications, such as energy storage, electrochemically responsive heterogeneous catalysis, and enzymatic biosensing. Our study provides valuable insights into the charge transport mechanism of unconjugated EAP/nanocarbon hybrids and the accelerated electron transfer kinetics by incorporation of materials with a high density of electronic states near the Fermi level. Moreover, this report suggests a generalizable strategy to modulate the accessibility and utilization of discrete redox moieties in unconjugated EAPs through creation of a heterogeneous nanostructure with a polymer-coated porous conducting framework that will simultaneously facilitate electron and ion transport processes.