gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Music and Interlending in the United Kingdom (1994)

The problems surrounding music interlending formed a major part of the research for a library and information plan for music recently undertaken in the UK. Outlines the difficulties encountered in music provision, including bibliographic inadequacies, lack of standards and expertise, and divergent policies and practices for the supply of both single scores and performance sets. Suggestions for improvement are put forward. Advocates the need for further research and for a national strategy based on co‐operation, and reports significant advances.
Early detection of Alzheimer's disease using M<scp>RI</scp> hippocampal texture (2015)

Cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with reduction in hippocampal volume in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, it is unknown whether hippocampal texture changes in persons with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) that does not have a change in hippocampal volume. We tested the hypothesis that hippocampal texture has association to early cognitive loss beyond that of volumetric changes. The texture marker was trained and evaluated using T1-weighted MRI scans from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database, and subsequently applied to score independent data sets from the Australian Imaging, Biomarker & Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) and the Metropolit 1953 Danish Male Birth Cohort (Metropolit). Hippocampal texture was superior to volume reduction as predictor of MCI-to-AD conversion in ADNI (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC] 0.74 vs. 0.67; DeLong test, p = 0.005), and provided even better prognostic results in AIBL (AUC 0.83). Hippocampal texture, but not volume, correlated with Addenbrooke's cognitive examination score (Pearson correlation, r = -0.25, p < 0.001) in the Metropolit cohort. The hippocampal texture marker correlated with hippocampal glucose metabolism as indicated by fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (Pearson correlation, r = -0.57, p < 0.001). Texture statistics remained significant after adjustment for volume in all cases, and the combination of texture and volume did not improve diagnostic or prognostic AUCs significantly. Our study highlights the presence of hippocampal texture abnormalities in MCI, and the possibility that texture may serve as a prognostic neuroimaging biomarker of early cognitive impairment.
Discriminative Product-of-Expert acoustic mapping for cross-lingual phone recognition (2009)

This paper presents a product-of-expert framework to perform probabilistic acoustic mapping for cross-lingual phone recognition. Under this framework, the posterior probabilities of the target HMM states are modelled as the weighted product of experts, where the experts or their weights are modelled as functions of the posterior probabilities of the source HMM states generated by a foreign phone recogniser. Careful choice of these functions leads to the product-of-posterior and posterior weighted product-of-expert models, which can be conveniently represented as 2-layer and 3-layer feed-forward neural networks respectively. Therefore, the commonly used error back-propagation method can be used to discriminatively train the model parameters. Experimental results are presented on the NTIMIT database using the Czech, Hungarian and Russian hybrid NN/HMM recognisers as the foreign phone recognisers to recognise English phones. With only about 15.6 minutes of training data, the best acoustic mapping model achieved 46.00% phone error rate, which is not far behind the 43.55% performance of the NN/HMM system trained directly on the full 3.31 hours of data.
Ultrasound-Based Guidance and Therapy (2013)

Minimally invasive and non-invasive image guided therapy can reduce surgical traumas and improve outcome for patients suffering from a wide variety of diseases. It may also reduce hospital stays and costs. Ultrasound is an important intraoperative imaging modality for guidance and monitoring of these therapeutic methods. Ultrasound has emerged as one of the main modalities for medical imaging in healthcare, the main reason being its ability to image soft tissue, blood flow, organ function and physiology with considerably improved image quality. Furthermore, ultrasound has the unique advantages of real time imaging, equipment portability, safety, and low costs. Ultrasound is now facing a paradigm shift in technology and clinical usability over the coming 10 years. The future potential will be released through exploration in knowledge and innovation deliveries in transducer arrays, ultrasound elec‐ tronics, software beam forming, parallel imaging and compressed sensing, minimum diffrac‐ tive wave imaging, model powered acquisition and new technology for a wide range of methods related to physiology, tissue properties and organ function in real time and on site. High-frequency ultrasound imaging makes it possible to obtain significantly improved spatial resolution, however, with limitations related to how deep into the tissue the imaging can be performed. In many image-guided surgery and therapy applications, ultrasound is performed with probes placed directly on the tissue and organ of interest (e.g. intravascular ultrasound, open chest cardiac surgery, esophagus probes for cardiac imaging, probes dedicated to surgery of pituitary gland). These applications limit the size of the ultrasound probe head and thus also the quality of the images. However, with miniaturization based on nanomaterials and
Wide Range Operation of Advanced Low NOx Aircraft Gas Turbine Combustors (1978)

Over the past three years, Solar Turbines International, an Operating Group of International Harvester, has been engaged in characterizing the NOx emissions and operation of two particular types of lean, premixed combustors, namely the Jet Induced Circulation (JIC) and Vortex Air Blast (VAB) configurations and was concerned primarily with the NOx emissions at a simulated high-altitude, supersonic cruise condition. The VAB combustor demonstrated the capability of meeting the NOx goal of 1.0 g NO2/kg fuel at the cruise condition (Tin = 833 K, Pin = 5 atm, Tout = 1778 K). In addition, the program served to demonstrate the limited low-emissions range available from the lean, premixed combustor. A follow-on effort, the results of which form the basis of this paper, was concerned with the problem of operating these lean, premixed combustors with acceptable emissions at simulated engine idle conditions. Various techniques have been demonstrated that allow satisfactory operation on both the JIC and VAB combustors at idle (Tin = 422 K, Pin = 3 atm, Tout = 917 K) with CO emissions below 20 g/kg fuel. These include degrees of variable geometry, fuel switching and fuel-staging designs. The VAB combustor was limited by flashback/autoignition phenomena at the cruise conditions to a pressure of 8 atm. The JIC combustor was operated up to the full design cruise pressure of 14 atm without encountering an autoignition limitation, although the NOx levels, in the 2 to 3 g NO2/kg fuel range, exceeded the program goal.
Berberine induces apoptosis in human HSC-3 oral cancer cells via simultaneous activation of the death receptor-mediated and mitochondrial pathway. (2007)

Evidence has accumulated that berberine is able to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in many human cancer cell lines. However, there is no available information on the effects of berberine on human oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, the effects of berberine on cell growth, apoptosis and cell cycle regulation in human oral squamous carcinoma HSC-3 cells were examined. Berberine induced dose- and time-dependent irreversible inhibition of cell growth and cellular DNA synthesis. This was also confirmed by phase-contrast microscopy which showed that berberine induced morphological changes in HSC-3 cells. Propidium iodide/annexin V staining for flow cytometric analysis showed that berberine-induced apoptosis correlated with caspase-3 activation. Flow cytometric studies of the cell cycle distribution showed that berberine induced mainly G0/G1-phase arrest. Flow cytometric examinations also showed that berberine induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and Ca2+ production, as well as the dysfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which were correlated with apoptosis. In conclusion, our data support that berberine initially induces an endoplasmic reticulum stress response based on ROS and Ca2+ production which is followed by dysfunctions of the mitochondria, resulting in apoptosis of these oral cancer HSC-3 cells. Prolonged exposure of the HSC-3 cells to berberine causes increased apoptosis through reduced levels of MMP, release of cytochrome c and activation of caspase-3.
Expression of DC-SIGN by Dendritic Cells of Intestinal and Genital Mucosae in Humans and Rhesus Macaques (2002)

To better understand the role of dendritic cells (DCs) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission at mucosal surfaces, we examined the expressions of the HIV adhesion molecule, dendritic-cell-specific ICAM-3 grabbing nonintegrin (DC-SIGN), its closely related homologue DC-SIGNR, and HIV coreceptors by distinct DC populations in the intestinal and genital tracts of humans and rhesus macaques. We also developed monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for DC-SIGN or DC-SIGNR. In the Peyer's patches, DC-SIGN expression was detected in the interfollicular regions and in clusters of cells in the subepithelial dome regions. DC-SIGN expression was not found on plasmacytoid DCs. DC-SIGNR expression was restricted to endothelial cells in approximately one-third of the capillaries in the terminal ileum. In the vaginal epithelium, Langerhans' cells did not express DC-SIGN, whereas subepithelial DCs in the lamina propria expressed moderate levels of DC-SIGN. Finally, the rectum contained cells that expressed high levels of DC-SIGN throughout the entire thickness of the mucosa, while solitary lymphoid nodules within the rectum showed very little staining for DC-SIGN. Triple-color analysis of rectal tissue indicated that CCR5(+) CD4(+) DC-SIGN(+) DCs were localized just beneath the luminal epithelium. These findings suggest that DC-SIGN(+) DCs could play a role in the transmission of primate lentiviruses in the ileum and the rectum whereas accessibility to DC-SIGN(+) cells is limited in an intact vaginal mucosa. Finally, we identified a MAb that blocked simian immunodeficiency virus interactions with rhesus macaque DC-SIGN. This and other specific MAbs may be used to assess the relevance of DC-SIGN in virus transmission in vivo.
Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) Symmetric Key Package Content Type (2010)

This document defines the symmetric key format content type. It is transport independent. The Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) can be used to digitally sign, digest, authenticate, or encrypt this content type.
Neuroendocrine Function and Response to Stress in Mice with Complete Disruption of Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Signaling1 (2000)

Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a potent regulator of glucose homeostasis, is also produced in the central nervous system, where GLP-1 has been implicated in the neuroendocrine control of hypothalamic-pituitary function, food intake, and the response to stress. The finding that intracerebroventricular GLP-1 stimulates LH, TSH, corticosterone, and vasopressin secretion in rats prompted us to assess the neuroendocrine consequences of disrupting GLP-1 signaling in mice in vivo. Male GLP-1 receptor knockout (GLP-1R-/-) mice exhibit reduced gonadal weights, and females exhibit a slight delay in the onset of puberty; however, male and female GLP-1R-/- animals reproduce successfully and respond appropriately to fluid restriction. Although adrenal weights are reduced in GLP-1R-/- mice, hypothalamic CRH gene expression and circulating levels of corticosterone, thyroid hormone, testosterone, estradiol, and progesterone are normal in the absence of GLP-1R-/- signaling. Intriguingly, GLP-1R-/- mice exhibit paradoxically increased corticosterone responses to stress as well as abnormal responses to acoustic startle that are corrected by glucocorticoid treatment. These findings suggest that although GLP-1R signaling is not essential for development and basal function of the murine hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, abrogation of GLP-1 signaling is associated with impairment of the behavioral and neuroendocrine responses to stress.
Optical Recording of Action Potentials and Other Discrete Physiological Events: A Perspective from Signal Detection Theory (2007)

Optical imaging of physiological events in real time can yield insights into biological function that would be difficult to obtain by other experimental means. However, the detection of all-or-none events, such as action potentials or vesicle fusion events, in noisy single-trial data often requires a careful balance of tradeoffs. The analysis of such experiments, as well as the design of optical reporters and instrumentation for them, is aided by an understanding of the principles of signal detection. This review illustrates these principles, using as an example action potential recording with optical voltage reporters.
Evaluation of surfactants for use in the spray treatment of iron chlorosis in citrus trees (1974)

Abstract Wetting and stomatal penetration of plant leaves by spray solutions can be obtained when the surface tension of the spray solution is sufficiently low. Low surface tension fluorocarbon and silicone‐based surfactants were active at lower concentrations and were found to be less harmful to plant cell membranes than a comparable carbohydrate‐based surfactant. A silicone‐based surfactant greatly increased the efficiency of iron solutions sprayed onto chlorotic citrus trees.
An Overview of the GOLD Experiment Between the ETS-6 Satellite and the Table Mountain Facility (1996)

The Ground/Orbiter Lasercomm Demonstration (GOLD) is a demonstration of optical communications between the Japanese Engineering Test Satellite (ETS-VI) and an optical ground transmitting and receiving station at the Table Mountain Facility in Wrightwood, California. Laser transmissions to the satellite are performed for approximately 4 hours every third night when the satellite is at apogee above Table Mountain. The experiment requires the coordination of resources at the Communications Research Laboratory (CRL), JPL, the National Aeronautics and Space Development Agency (NASDA) Tsukuba tracking station, and NASA's Deep Space Network at Goldstone, California, to generate and transmit real-time commands and receive telemetry from the ETS-VI. Transmissions to the ETS-VI began in November 1995 and are scheduled to last into the middle of January 1996, when the satellite is expected to be eclipsed by the Earth's shadow for a major part of its orbit. The eclipse is expected to last for about 2 months, and during this period there will be limited electrical power available on board the satellite. NASDA plans to restrict experiments with the ETS-VI during this period, and no laser transmissions are planned. Posteclipse experiments are currently being negotiated. GOLD is a joint NASA-CRL experiment that is being conducted by JPL in coordination with CRL and NASDA.
NVO3 Operations, Administration, and Maintenance Requirements (2015)

This document provides framework and requirements for Network
Virtualization Overlay (NVO3) Operations, Administration, and
Maintenance (OAM). This document for the most part gathers
requirements from existing IETF drafts and RFCs which have already
extensively studied this subject for different data planes and
layering. As a result this draft is high level and broad. We begin to
ask which are truly required for NVO3 and expect the list to be
narrowed by the working group as subsequent versions of this draft are
created.
Landowner Liability Under CERCLA: Is Innocence a Defense? (1988)

to achieve this goal is by cleanup and regulation of hazardous waste sites.'The Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act of 1980 (CERCLA) 3 is the primary vehicle for cleanup action.CERCLA was originally premised on the theory that the "polluter must pay,"' which was the basis for the taxing I See Bush, 18
Turning on the Protonation-First Pathway for Electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub>Reduction by Manganese Bipyridyl Tricarbonyl Complexes (2017)

Electrocatalytic reduction of CO<sub>2</sub> to CO is reported for the complex, {fac-Mn<sup>I</sup>([(MeO)<sub>2</sub>Ph]<sub>2</sub>bpy)(CO)<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)}(OTf), containing four pendant methoxy groups, where [(MeO)<sub>2</sub>Ph]<sub>2</sub>bpy = 6,6'-bis(2,6-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,2'-bipyridine. In addition to a steric influence similar to that previously established [Sampson, M. D. et al. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 5460-5471] for the 6,6'-dimesityl-2,2'-bipyridine ligand in [fac-Mn<sup>I</sup>(mes<sub>2</sub>bpy)(CO)<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)](OTf), which prevents Mn<sup>0</sup>-Mn<sup>0</sup> dimerization, the [(MeO)<sub>2</sub>Ph]<sub>2</sub>bpy ligand introduces an additional electronic influence combined with a weak allosteric hydrogen-bonding interaction that significantly lowers the activation barrier for C-OH bond cleavage from the metallocarboxylic acid intermediate. This provides access to the thus far elusive protonation-first pathway, minimizing the required overpotential for electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> to CO conversion by Mn(I) polypyridyl catalysts, while concurrently maintaining a respectable turnover frequency. Comprehensive electrochemical and computational studies here confirm the positive influence of the [(MeO)<sub>2</sub>Ph]<sub>2</sub>bpy ligand framework on electrocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and its dependence upon the concentration and pK<sub>a</sub> of the external Brønsted acid proton source (water, methanol, trifluoroethanol, and phenol) that is required for this class of manganese catalyst. Linear sweep voltammetry studies show that both phenol and trifluoroethanol as proton sources exhibit the largest protonation-first catalytic currents in combination with {fac-Mn<sup>I</sup>([(MeO)<sub>2</sub>Ph]<sub>2</sub>bpy)(CO)<sub>3</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>CN)}(OTf), saving up to 0.55 V in overpotential with respect to the thermodynamically demanding reduction-first pathway, while bulk electrolysis studies confirm a high product selectivity for CO formation. To gain further insight into catalyst activation, time-resolved infrared (TRIR) spectroscopy combined with pulse-radiolysis (PR-TRIR), infrared spectroelectrochemistry, and density functional theory calculations were used to establish the v(CO) stretching frequencies and energetics of key redox intermediates relevant to catalyst activation.
Catalytic asymmetric carbon-carbon bond formation: asymmetric synthesis of cis-decalin derivatives by palladium-catalyzed cyclization of prochiral alkenyl iodides (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCatalytic asymmetric carbon-carbon bond formation: asymmetric synthesis of cis-decalin derivatives by palladium-catalyzed cyclization of prochiral alkenyl iodidesYoshihiro Sato, Mikiko Sodeoka, and Masakatsu ShibasakiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 20, 4738–4739Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00281a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00281a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3076Altmetric-Citations210LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Clinical and laboratory features of primary progressive and secondary progressive MS (1999)

These findings provide additional evidence of the differences in PPMS and SPMS, notably in the associated changes in MBPLM in urine, and also suggest a possible role for urine MBPLM in identifying patient cohorts. The high urine MBPLM levels in progressive MS patients indicate a potential role of this marker for assessing responsiveness to therapeutic interventions.
BridgeSPA (2011)

Tor is a network designed for low-latency anonymous communications. Tor clients form circuits through relays that are listed in a public directory, and then relay their encrypted traffic through these circuits. This indirection makes it difficult for a local adversary to determine with whom a particular Tor user is communicating. In response, some local adversaries restrict access to Tor by blocking each of the publicly listed relays. To deal with such an adversary, Tor uses bridges, which are unlisted relays that can be used as alternative entry points into the Tor network. Unfortunately, issues with Tor's bridge implementation make it easy to discover large numbers of bridges. An adversary that hoards this information may use it to determine when each bridge is online over time. If a bridge operator also browses with Tor on the same machine, this information may be sufficient to deanonymize him. We present BridgeSPA as a method to mitigate this issue. A client using BridgeSPA relies on innocuous single packet authorization (SPA) to present a time-limited key to a bridge. Before this authorization takes place, the bridge will not reveal whether it is online. We have implemented BridgeSPA as a working proof-of-concept, which is available under an open-source licence.
A Chromosomal Locus Which Controls the Ability of <i>Shigella flexneri</i> to Evoke Keratoconjunctivitis (1971)

The primary step in the pathogenesis of bacillary dysentery is the penetration of intestinal epithelial cells by shigellae. Lacking this capacity, Shigella flexneri becomes avirulent. By means of intergeneric conjugation between various Escherichia coli K-12 Hfr strains and S. flexneri 2a virulent recipients and by reciprocal transduction analysis with phage P1 vir, we established a locus on the genome of S. flexneri 2a which is necessary for the ability of this strain to penetrate epithelial cells as measured by the Sereney test for keratoconjunctivitis. This locus, termed kcpA (in reference to its involvement in provoking keratoconjunctivitis), has been positioned between the lac and gal chromosomal markers and is contransducible with the purE allele.