gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Microwave operation of on-chip antenna embedded in WL-CSP (2005)

An on-chip antenna for microwave operation is demonstrated. The application of wafer-level chip-scale package (WL-CSP) techniques such as dual Cu electroplating conductive layers, and thick resin layers separating the conductive layer more than 10 /spl mu/m from the Si substrate, allow on-chip integration. Details of the antenna fabrication process and performance are presented. Antenna performance achieved a maximum communication range between the on-chip antenna and a transmission module of over 400 mm at a transmission signal power of 300 mW. WL-CSP techniques realize real chip-scale long communication range radio frequency identification (RFID) tags.
Light-triggered β-hairpin folding and unfolding (2007)

A light-switchable peptide is transformed with ultrashort pulses from a beta-hairpin to an unfolded hydrophobic cluster and vice versa. The structural changes are monitored by mid-IR probing. Instantaneous normal mode analysis with a Hamiltonian combining density functional theory with molecular mechanics is used to interpret the absorption transients. Illumination of the beta-hairpin state triggers an unfolding reaction that visits several intermediates and reaches the unfolded state within a few nanoseconds. In this unfolding reaction to the equilibrium hydrophobic cluster conformation, the system does not meet significant barriers on the free-energy surface. The reverse folding process takes much longer because it occurs on the time scale of 30 micros. The folded state has a defined structure, and its formation requires an extended search for the correct hydrogen-bond pattern of the beta-strand.
Preclinical Safety and Efficacy Assessments of Dendrimer-Based (SPL7013) Microbicide Gel Formulations in a Nonhuman Primate Model (2006)

Three gel formulations (1%, 3%, and 5% [wt/wt]) of SPL7013, a dendrimer known to have antiviral (anti-human immunodeficiency virus and anti-herpes simplex virus) activities, completed a range of preclinical tests in the pigtailed macaque models for vaginally and rectally applied topical microbicide safety assessments. The vaginal safety profile of the 3% SPL7013 gel formulation was equal to that of the 1% formulation but was superior to that of the 5% formulation. The 3% SPL7013 gel was further evaluated for rectal safety and for antichlamydial efficacy with cervical challenge with Chlamydia trachomatis. This first-generation dendrimer-based product was shown to be safe to the vaginal and rectal microenvironments with repeated daily use. However, a single intravaginal application of the 3% (wt/wt) SPL7013 gel did not provide protection from the acquisition of cervical chlamydial infection.
Coupled-cluster approach to nuclear physics (2004)

Using many-body perturbation theory and coupled-cluster theory, we calculate the ground-state energy of $^{4}\mathrm{He}$ and $^{16}\mathrm{O}$. We perform these calculations using a no-core $G$-matrix interaction derived from a realistic nucleon-nucleon potential. Our calculations employ up to two-particle two-hole coupled-cluster amplitudes.
Parallel architecture modified Booth multiplier (1988)

The paper describes a novel implementation of the modified Booth algorithm in which groups of the partial product terms are summed in parallel and these partial results are then combined in a Wallace tree adder array. The final output is formed by an accelerated carry adder. An extension of the scheme from unsigned binary arithmetic to 2's complement is also described. A 16-bit version of the architecture has been modelled in Pascal and Ella to validate its operation for use in a systolic array DSP chip.
Resource-aware Automotive Control Systems Design: A Cyber-Physical Systems Approach (2016)

As the automotive industry is entering the smart era through advances in sensing, computation, storage, communication, and actuation technologies, a larger number of more complex control applications with better performances are expected to be on board. This requires an implementation platform with abundant resources, which is undesired in the cost-sensitive automotive domain. The implementation platform, often embedded in an Electronic Control Unit (ECU) and shared by multiple applications to save cost, is mainly comprised of a processor for computation, memory for storing instructions and data, and bus for internal and external communication. Conventionally, automotive control systems are designed using model-based approaches, where the details of the implementation platform are ignored. Techniques that integrate the characteristics of implementation resources into control algorithms design are largely missing. Such a separate design paradigm is too conservative in resources dimensioning and utilization for modern vehicles. This article presents recently developed approaches in automotive control systems design that take implementation resources into consideration, aiming to improve the control performances for a given amount of resources, or equivalently, realize the required control performances with fewer resources. While communication resources have been extensively explored in the literature of networked embedded control systems, we will focus on memory and computation resources, which have started to receive attention from the academic community and industry just recently. As Electric Vehicles (EVs) have become a new trend in the automotive industry, energy resources of EVs, i.e., the batteries, are also investigated. A number of real-world applications validate the resource-aware automotive systems design techniques presented in this article.
Genome sequences of <i>Chlorella sorokiniana </i><scp>UTEX</scp> 1602 and <i>Micractinium conductrix </i><scp>SAG</scp> 241.80: implications to maltose excretion by a green alga (2017)

Green algae represent a key segment of the global species capable of photoautotrophic-driven biological carbon fixation. Algae partition fixed-carbon into chemical compounds required for biomass, while diverting excess carbon into internal storage compounds such as starch and lipids or, in certain cases, into targeted extracellular compounds. Two green algae were selected to probe for critical components associated with sugar production and release in a model alga. Chlorella sorokiniana UTEX 1602 - which does not release significant quantities of sugars to the extracellular space - was selected as a control to compare with the maltose-releasing Micractinium conductrix SAG 241.80 - which was originally isolated from an endosymbiotic association with the ciliate Paramecium bursaria. Both strains were subjected to three sequencing approaches to assemble their genomes and annotate their genes. This analysis was further complemented with transcriptional studies during maltose release by M. conductrix SAG 241.80 versus conditions where sugar release is minimal. The annotation revealed that both strains contain homologs for the key components of a putative pathway leading to cytosolic maltose accumulation, while transcriptional studies found few changes in mRNA levels for the genes associated with these established intracellular sugar pathways. A further analysis of potential sugar transporters found multiple homologs for SWEETs and tonoplast sugar transporters. The analysis of transcriptional differences revealed a lesser and more measured global response for M. conductrix SAG 241.80 versus C. sorokiniana UTEX 1602 during conditions resulting in sugar release, providing a catalog of genes that might play a role in extracellular sugar transport.
Subthalamic Nucleus Stimulation Increases Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor in the Nigrostriatal System and Primary Motor Cortex (2011)

The mechanisms underlying the effects of long-term deep brain stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (STN DBS) as a therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD) remain poorly understood. The present study examined whether functionally effective, long-term STN DBS modulates glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) and/or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in both unlesioned and unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesioned rats. Lesioned rats that received two weeks of continuous unilateral STN DBS exhibited significant improvements in parkinsonian motor behaviors in tests of forelimb akinesia and rearing activity. Unilateral STN DBS did not increase GDNF in the nigrostriatal system, primary motor cortex (M1), or hippocampus of unlesioned rats. In contrast, unilateral STN DBS increased BDNF protein 2–3 fold bilaterally in the nigrostriatal system with the location (substantia nigra vs. striatum) dependent upon lesion status. Further, BDNF protein was bilaterally increased in M1 cortex by as much as 2 fold regardless of lesion status. STN DBS did not impact cortical regions that receive less input from the STN. STN DBS also was associated with bilateral increases in BDNF mRNA in the substantia nigra (SN) and internal globus pallidus (GPi). The increase observed in GPi was completely blocked by pretreatment with 5-Methyl-10,11-dihydro-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine (MK-801), suggesting that the activation of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors was involved in this phenomenon. The upregulation of BDNF associated with long term STN DBS suggest that this therapy may exert pronounced and underappreciated effects on plasticity in the basal ganglia circuitry that may play a role in the symptomatic effects of this therapy as well as support the neuroprotective effect of stimulation documented in this rat model.
Room-temperature polymerisation of ethylene on a TiO<sub>2</sub>(anatase) surface; infrared spectroscopic evidence for an alkylidene–Ti<sup>4+</sup>polymer end-group and for a ‘hydrogen-bonding’ type of interaction of CH bonds of the polymer chain with the oxide surface (1983)

An infrared spectroscopic study of the spontaneous polymerization of ethylene on a sulphate-containing TiO2(anatase) sample shows evidence for an alkylidene surface end-group of the polymer and for substantial perturbation of CH2 groups of the polymer chain by interaction with the oxide surface.
Parametrization and generation of geological models with generative adversarial networks (2017)

One of the main challenges in the parametrization of geological models is the ability to capture complex geological structures often observed in the subsurface. In recent years, generative adversarial networks (GAN) were proposed as an efficient method for the generation and parametrization of complex data, showing state-of-the-art performances in challenging computer vision tasks such as reproducing natural images (handwritten digits, human faces, etc.). In this work, we study the application of Wasserstein GAN for the parametrization of geological models. The effectiveness of the method is assessed for uncertainty propagation tasks using several test cases involving different permeability patterns and subsurface flow problems. Results show that GANs are able to generate samples that preserve the multipoint statistical features of the geological models both visually and quantitatively. The generated samples reproduce both the geological structures and the flow statistics of the reference geology.
SNAI1 Is Required for Tumor Growth and Lymph Node Metastasis of Human Breast Carcinoma MDA-MB-231 Cells (2007)

The transcription factor, SNAI1 (Snail), has recently been proposed as an important mediator of tumor invasion because of its role in E-cadherin down-regulation and induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. In human breast cancer, the expression of SNAI1 and/or the homologous SNAI2 (Slug) has been associated with E-cadherin repression, local or distant metastasis, tumor recurrence, or poor prognosis in different tumor series. However, the specific contribution of either factor to breast tumor progression is still unclear. We have analyzed the role of SNAI1 in human breast cancer by loss of function studies and provide evidence of a major role for SNAI1 in both primary tumor growth and metastasis of human breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 cells. Specific silencing of SNAI1 by short hairpin RNA induces a decrease in mesenchymal and proinvasive markers (MMP9, ID1, SPARC) in MDA-MB-231 cells, concomitant with reduced in vitro invasive behavior. More importantly, stable SNAI1 silencing in MDA-MB-231 cells leads to a dramatic reduction of in vivo tumor incidence and growth rate. Tumors induced by MDA-MB-231-SNAI1-silenced cells show extensive necrotic regions and a significant decrease in invasive and angiogenic markers. Moreover, SNAI1 silencing increases the sensitivity of MDA-MB-231 cells to chemotherapeutics relevant in breast cancer treatments, gemcitabine and docetaxel. Remarkably, analysis of cell lines derived from lymph node metastasis indicates that SNAI1 expression is required for metastatic dissemination.
Attenuation of graft-versus-host disease and graft rejection by ex vivo immunotoxin elimination of alloreactive T cells in an H-2 haplotype disparate mouse combination (1994)

A mouse anti-interleukin-2 receptor A-chain-specific PC61-immunotoxin (PC61-IT) strongly inhibited a primary mixed lymphocyte culture and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-restricted cytotoxicity. The allodepleted T cells retained their proliferative and cytotoxic capacities in response to third-party stimulation, showing that PC61-IT specifically deleted recipient antigen-specific T-cell clones from the donor mouse. The ability of this specific allodepletion to prevent graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft rejection was investigated in vivo. IT-depleted, activated parental T lymphocytes (C3H/eB) were intravenously injected into lethally irradiated CDF1 mice. GVHD was evaluated after 6 days on the severity of gut lesions. PC61-IT-treated cells significantly reduced both donor T-cell infiltration and acceleration of epithelial renewal (a sensitive index of gut damage) as compared with those for the corresponding untreated controls. The effect of selective allo-depletion on prevention of GVHD and graft rejection was further studied after MHC-haploincompatible bone marrow (BM) transplantation. A significant increase in survival was observed in mice receiving 2 x 10(6) T-cell-depleted BM cells and 0.5 x 10(6) PC61-IT-treated T cells, because one-third were alive without GVHD (and with stable full or partial engraftment) after 100 days, whereas all the mice infused with BM and sham-treated T cells died within 80 days from GVHD, and all the mice infused with BM cells alone rejected grafts. Furthermore, specific tolerance in chimeras towards donor cells could be shown. These results as observed in an experimental in vivo model corroborate previous results obtained in vitro in humans and lead us to consider the use of this selective allodepletion in human BM transplant from donors other than identical familial siblings.
Commercial vegetable processing (1975)

Commercial vegetable processing , Commercial vegetable processing , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Acoustic Emission Properties of Partial Discharges in the time-domain and their applications (2012)

A partial discharge (PD) is an unwanted phenomenon in electrical equipment. Therefore it is of great importance to identify different types of PD and assess their severity. This thesis investigates the acoustic emissions associated with PD from different types of sources in the time-domain and based on these results a low-cost detection system is designed, built and verified against much more expensive commercially available sensor platforms. The results are promising both for the detection of different types of PD and their classification. The lowcost detection system shows equal usefulness as commercially available systems and the system is also compared against other systems for detection. Also some investigation is carried out concerning the nature of the ultrasounds emitted by PD. The results from these experiments indicate that a description with the classical wave equation is inadequate. In order to explain the frequency content of acoustic PD signals at different distances away from the source, a more complex description in the form of nonlinear acoustic equations may be more accurate.
Echo Suppressors for Long Telephone Circuits (1925)

A device has been developed by the Bell System for suppressing ``echo'' effects which may be encountered under certain conditions in telephone circuits which are electrically very long. This device has been given the name ``echo suppressor'' and consists of relays in combination with vacuum tubes, which are operated by the voice currents so as to block the echoes without disturbing the main transmission. This paper gives a brief description of this device, together with a discussion of its possibilitie and limitations. A number of echo suppressors have been operated on commercial telephone circuits tor a considerable period so that their practicability has been demonstrated.
Functionalized β-Thiolactams by Lewis Acid Catalyzed Addition of Alkynyl Silyl Sulfides to Azomethines (1997)

Thiophilic Lewis acids (e.g. zinc iodide) have a pronounced catalytic effect on the formal [2+2] cycloaddition of alkynyl silyl sulfides 2 and Schiff bases 3 to give 2-azetidinethiones 4. In contrast to uncatalyzed reactions, a large number of functionalities is tolerated and yields are significantly improved.
Use of natural zeolite-supplemented litter increased broiler production (2005)

The aim of this study was to ascertain the influence of natural zeolite, consisting mainly of clinoptilolite and mordenite, as a component of the litter material in broiler houses on the performance of the broilers and on some litter characteristics. Live weight gain, feed consumption, feed efficiency, viability and leg and body abnormalities of broilers, and litter moisture content were measured during a six-week experimental period. A broiler house was divided into 12 sections using 1 m high duralite partitions that prevented air exchange between sections and stocked with 15 birds/m2. Natural zeolite was added to wood shavings at levels of 0% (control), 25%, 50% and 75% of total litter volume. Litter thickness was 5 cm in all groups. The addition of zeolite at all levels improved broiler performance significantly above the control. At the end of the six-week trial zeolite did not affect feed consumption significantly, (g), 3547, 3381, 3472 and 3421, but resulted in higher live weights of the broilers of from 1935 g in the control to 1970, 1996 and 1978 g for the respective zeolite treatments. Consequently, feed efficiency improved significantly from 1.83 g feed/g gain in the control to 1.71, 1.74 and 1.73 g feed/g gain in the respective zeolite treatments. No differences between treatments were recorded in vitality or in leg and body abnormalities in the chickens. Litter moisture content decreased from 36.2% in the control to 25.2, 23.6 and 21.8% in the respective zeolite treated litter. It is concluded that the inclusion of zeolitic material to litter positively affected broiler performance, poultry house conditions and litter moisture content. An inclusion rate of up to 25% zeolite is recommended in litter consisting of wood shavings. Keywords : Clinoptilolite; mordenite; litter; broiler performance South African Journal of Animal Sciences Vol. 35 (2) 2005: pp.90-97
Sequence of xynC and properties of XynC, a major component of the Clostridium thermocellum cellulosome (1997)

The nucleotide sequence of the Clostridium thermocellum F1 xynC gene, which encodes the xylanase XynC, consists of 1,857 bp and encodes a protein of 619 amino acids with a molecular weight of 69,517. XynC contains a typical N-terminal signal peptide of 32 amino acid residues, followed by a 165-amino-acid sequence which is homologous to the thermostabilizing domain. Downstream of this domain was a family 10 catalytic domain of glycosyl hydrolase. The C terminus separated from the catalytic domain by a short linker sequence contains a dockerin domain responsible for cellulosome assembly. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of XynC-II, the enzyme purified from a recombinant Escherichia coli strain, was in agreement with that deduced from the nucleotide sequence although XynC-II suffered from proteolytic truncation by a host protease(s) at the C-terminal region. Immunological and N-terminal amino acid sequence analyses disclosed that the full-length XynC is one of the major components of the C. thermocellum cellulosome. XynC-II was highly active toward xylan and slightly active toward p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-xylopyranoside, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-cellobioside, p-nitrophenyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and carboxymethyl cellulose. The Km and Vmax values for xylan were 3.9 mg/ml and 611 micromol/min/mg of protein, respectively. This enzyme was optimally active at 80 degrees C and was stable up to 70 degrees C at neutral pHs and over the pH range of 4 to 11 at 25 degrees C.
Microstructure evolution of hydrated cement pastes (2005)

We propose an original method based on both proton nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion and high-resolution NMR spectra to investigate the microstructure of synthesized Ca3SiO5-hydrated cement paste. This method allows a clear assessment of the local proton chemical sites as well as the determination of dynamical information of moving proton species in pores. We show also how the microstructure evolves during and after completion of hydration in a range of length scales between 2 and 500 nm. In particular, we show how the pore size distribution of the cement paste reaches progressively a power-law characteristic of a surface-fractal distribution with a dimension Df = 2.6, which takes into account the hierarchical order in the material. Last, we study how this pore size distribution is modified during setting by varying either the water-to-cement ratio or addition of ultrafine particles. This shows that our method could be relevant to relate the mechanical properties to the microstructure of the material. This proposed NMR method is general enough for the characterization of microstructure of any porous media with reactive surface involving water confinement.
Optimal synthesis of double-phase computer generated holograms using a phase-only spatial light modulator with grating filter (2012)

We propose an optical system for synthesizing double-phase complex computer-generated holograms using a phase-only spatial light modulator and a phase grating filter. Two separated areas of the phase-only spatial light modulator are optically superposed by 4-f configuration with an optimally designed grating filter to synthesize arbitrary complex optical field distributions. The tolerances related to misalignment factors are analyzed, and the optimal synthesis method of double-phase computer-generated holograms is described.