gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Simple Grating System for Millimeter and Submillimeter Wavelength Separation (Correspondence) (1963)

In the course of a series of tests on a harmonic generator which multiplied a 10-Gc fundamental to frequencies as high as 700 Gc (0.4 mm wavelength), it was necessary to separate and identify the various harmonics that were generated simultaneously. A device to serve the function of a filter was required. High accuracy of wavelength measurement was not essential since the fundamental frequency was known to one part in 10/sup 4/. It was necessary only to identify which harmonic was being selected. In order to obtain high efficiency, an echelette grating spectrometer was constructed, in emulation of many, thus working with millimeter waves and the infrared. A spectrometer similar to that of Coates was considered, but expediency dictated a simpler system. The final design emphasized convenience in use by separating input and output paths, and simplicity of construction by having but one moving part. In Figs. 1 and 2 it may be seen that the grating merely rotates on fixed bushings; no other optical parts are moved
Effects of Sodium Pentobarbital, Ketamine, Halothane, and Chloralose on Brainstem Auditory Evoked Responses (1982)

A parametric study was performed in cats comparing the effects on the brainstem auditory evoked response of four anesthetic agents used either in the operating room or the laboratory: sodium pentobarbital, ketamine, halothane, and chloralose. Each anesthetic agent was administered to each of four cats in varying sequence. Click-evoked brainstem auditory evoked responses (BAER) were compared for differences in wave form configuration, latencies, and amplitudes of the component peaks. Five distinct peaks (I to V) could be identified in the brainstem auditory evoked responses of every animal using each anesthetic agent. There were no statistically significant differences in mean latencies of the component peaks among anesthetic agents. Amplitude differences of the component peaks between animals using the same anesthetic agent were too large to be meaningfully compared. This study suggests that the click-evoked brainstem auditory response is a useful means of monitoring the integrity of the ascending auditory pathway during neurosurgical procedures as the wave form and latencies of the component peaks are not affected by a variety of parenteral and inhalation anesthetic agents.
Test Results for Rotordynamic Coefficients of the SSME HPOTP Turbine Interstage Seal With Two Swirl Brakes (1991)

Test results are presented for the HPOTP Turbine Interstage Seal with both the current and an alternate, aerodynamically designed, swirl brake. Tests were conducted at speeds out to 16,000 rpm, supply pressures up to 18.3 bars, and the following three inlet-tangential-velocity conditions: (a) no preswirl, (b) intermediate preswirl in the direction of rotation, and (c) high preswirl in the direction of rotation. The back pressure can be controlled independently and was varied to yield the following four pressure ratios: 0.4, 0.45, 0.56, and 0.67. The central and simplest conclusion to be obtained from the test series is that the alternate swirl brake consistently outperforms the current swirl brake in terms of stability performance. The alternate swirl-brake’s whirl-frequency ratio was generally about one half or less than corresponding values for the current design. In many cases, the alternate design yielded negative whirl-frequency-ratio values in comparison to positive values for the current design. The alternate design can be directly substituted into the space currently occupied by the current design. There is no change in leakage performance.
Heats of Hydrogenation. II. Heats of Hydrogenation and the Acid-catalyzed Isomerization of Some Unsaturated Steroids<sup>1</sup> (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHeats of Hydrogenation. II. Heats of Hydrogenation and the Acid-catalyzed Isomerization of Some Unsaturated Steroids1Richard B. Turner, W. R. Meador, and R. E. WinklerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1957, 79, 15, 4122–4127Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01572a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01572a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views126Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Mobile-Agent-Based E-Commerce Taxation Model (2006)

With the rapid growth of e-commerce worldwide in the recent years, the e-commerce taxation issue is attracting more and more attention all over the world. Tax evasion, mitigation and avoidance in electronic commerce is a growing menace. To curb this aggravating problem, modern technologies are employed for the purpose of eliminating tendencies of avoidance. The purpose of this paper is to try to solve the problems with technological means. On the basis of the e-commerce taxation workflow, we first propose the two novel concepts of the electronic invoice (EI) and the electronic tax voucher (ETV) in this paper. Then, we present a mobile-agent-based e-commerce taxation model and give the implementation and the simulation of the model by the means of Aglets platform
Darstellung einiger 4- und 5-substituierter Pyridin-2-Carbonsäuren als Fusarsäureanaloga (1983)

5-Substituted picolinic acids I (R = NO2, NH2, NHAc, NHCOEt, NHOH, iodo, Br, OH, MeO, PrO, BuO; R1 = H) and 4-substituted fusaric acids I (R = Bu, R1 = NO2, MeO, EtO, Cl, NH2, NHOH, Me), selected by a random sampling procedure suitable for small series, were prepd. for future studies on the structure-activity relationships involved in the inhibition of dopamine b-hydroxylase. The known prepn. of I (R = NO2, R1 = H) via a Rosenmund-von Braun reaction with 2-bromo-5-nitropyridine was significantly improved. I (R = OH, R1 = H), easily accessible via the same method, was converted into 5-alkoxypicolinic acids by reaction with alkyl halides in DMSO in the presence of Ag2O. I (R = Bu) were prepd. via 5-butyl-2-methyl-4-nitropyridine N-oxide.
Seismic Design of Prestressed Concrete Piling (1983)

A lthough cases of pile distress and fatigue have been noted in several severe recent earthquakes, most of them occurred as a result of deficiencies in pile design due to inadequacies in soil analysis or overall building design. None of the failures observed, incidentally, used prestressed concrete piling in their construction. Nonetheless, the failures demonstrate that prestressed concrete piling should possess ductility at certain key locations, and that current provisions for ductility are in some cases inadequate. Observations of pile performance in Anchorage, Alaska (1964-8.4 Richter magnitude), Niigata, Japan (1964-7.5 Richter magnitude), Caracas, Venezuela' (1967-6.5 Richter magnitude), San Fernando, Californian (1971-6.6
Using neural networks and the rank permutation transformation to detect abnormal conditions in aircraft engines (2005)

Real world aircraft engine (gas turbine) data are contaminated with substantial noise and outliers. The rank permutation transformation (RPT), founded in some early ideas in statistics, is proposed as a way to both diminish the effect of noise and outliers, and to facilitate classification by making statistically unlikely events more pronounced. The RPT is also found to improve the performance of neural networks used for fault detection and classification considerably. Results from both real engine monitoring data for abnormal condition detection and high-fidelity simulation data for on-wing fault detection and diagnosis are presented.
Multimode Optomechanical Systems and Phononic Networks (2019)

An optomechanical system consists of an optical cavity mode coupled\n\nto a mode of a mechanical oscillator. Depending on the configuration of the\n\nsystem, the optomechanical interaction can be used to drive or cool the\n\nmechanical mode, coherently swap the optical and mechanical states, or create\n\nentanglement.\n\nA multimode optomechanical system consists of many optical (mechanical) modes\n\ncoupled to a mechanical (optical) mode. With the tools of the optomechanical\n\ninteraction, multimode optomechanical systems provide a rich platform to study\n\nnew physics and technologies. A central challenge in optomechanical systems\n\nis to mitigate the effects of the thermal environment, which remains\n\nsignificant even at cryogenic temperatures, for mechanical oscillators\n\ntypically used in optomechanical systems. The central theme of this thesis is\n\nto study how the properties of multimode optomechanical systems can be used\n\nfor such mitigation of thermal noise.\n\nThe most straightforward extension of an optomechanical system to a multimode\n\nsystem is to have a single optical mode couple to two mechanical modes, or a\n\nsingle mechanical mode couple to two optical modes. In this thesis, we study\n\nboth types of multimode system. In each case, we study the formation of a\n\ndark mode, an eigenstate of the three-mode system that is of particular\n\ninterest. When the system is in a dark state, the two modes of similar\n\ncharacter (optical or mechanical) interact with each other through the mode of\n\ndissimilar character, but due to interference, the interaction becomes\n\ndecoupled from the properties of the dissimilar mode. \n\nAnother interesting application of the three-mode system is two-mode optical\n\nentanglement, generated through mechanical motion. Such entanglement tends to\n\nbe sensitive to thermal noise. We propose a new method for generating\n\ntwo-mode optical entanglement in the three-mode system that is robust against\n\nthe thermal environment of the mechanical mode. \n\nFinally, we propose a novel, scalable architecture for a quantum computer.\n\nThe architecture makes use of the concepts developed earlier in the thesis,\n\nand applies them to a system that on the surface looks quite different from\n\nthe standard optomechanical system, but is formally equivalent. \n\nThis dissertation includes previously published and unpublished coauthored\n\nmaterial.
Microvasculature of the Cruciate Ligaments (1979)

Primary surgical repair of the cruciate ligaments should not only restore structural integrity, but also reestablish its vascular supply and maintain viability.
A Reporter of Local Dendritic Translocation Shows Plaque- Related Loss of Neural System Function in APP-Transgenic Mice (2009)

Although neuronal communication is thought to be summated within local dendritic segments, no technique is currently available to monitor activity in vivo at this level of resolution. To overcome this challenge, we developed an optical reporter of neuronal activity using the coding sequence of Venus, flanked by short stretches of the 5'- and 3'-untranslated regions from calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase IIalpha (CAMKIIalpha). This reporter takes advantage of the fact that CAMKIIalpha mRNA is transported to the dendrite and locally translated in an activity-dependent manner. Using adeno-associated virus, we used this reporter to study neuronal activity in adult mice. Exposure of the mice to an enriched environment led to enhancement of Venus expression in dendritic segments of somatosensory cortex, demonstrating in vivo that dendritic mRNA translocation and local translation occur in response to physiologically relevant stimuli. We then used this system to examine the impact of Alzheimer-related local amyloid-beta deposits on neural system function to test the hypothesis that plaques are toxic. In APPswe/PS1dE9 (APP/PS1) mice, neurons close to plaques, and dendritic segments close to plaques, both showed diminished fluorescent intensity and therefore neuronal activity. In contrast to wild-type mice, fluorescent intensity in neurons near plaques in transgenic mice did not increase after environmental enrichment. These data indicate that neuronal activity in dendritic segments and neurons in the vicinity of a plaque is decreased compared with wild-type mice, supporting the idea that plaques are a focal lesion leading to impaired neural system function.
Discrimination of DNA polymerase and RNase H activities in reverse transcriptase of avian myeloblastosis virus (1978)

The active sites in reverse transcriptase of avian myeloblastosis virus have been selectively modified by various chemical reagents. The DNA polymerase activity is very sensitive to hydrophobic sulfhydryl reagents such as 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) and p-hydroxymercuribenzoate but resistant to sulfhydryl reagents with hydrophilic properties. The RNase H activity, on the other hand, is resistant to both hydrophobic and hydrophilic sulfhydryl reagents, indicating the absence of cysteinyl residues essential for RNase H activity. N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM), an amino and sulfhydryl group specific reagent, inactivates both DNA polymerase and RNase H, the later activity being fourfold more stable. Polynucleotides, but not nucleotide triphosphates, protect the two enzymatic activites of reverse transcriptase against NEM. Since pretreatment of the enzyme with 5,5' -dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) does not prevent N-ethylmaleimide from reacting with a residue necessary for DNA polymerase activity, two different reactive groups are probably involved with this enzymatic activity. The pH profile of reverse transcriptase inhibition by N-ethylmaleimide also suggests the involvement of two reactive groups essential for the DNA polymerase activity with apparent pKas of 5.5 and 6.5. Only one reactive group with a pKa of 7.5 is found associated with the RNase H activity.
Oxidation Rate Effect on the Direction of Metal-Assisted Chemical and Electrochemical Etching of Silicon (2010)

Assisted by noble metal particles, non-(100) Si substrates were etched in solutions with different oxidant concentrations at different temperatures. The etching directions of (110) and (111) Si substrates are found to be influenced by the concentration of oxidant in etching solutions. In solutions with low oxidant concentration, the etching proceeds along the crystallographically preferred ⟨100⟩ directions, whereas the etching occurs along the vertical direction relative to the surface of the substrate in solutions with high oxidant concentration. These phenomena are found for both n- and p-type substrates as well as in experiments with different oxidants. The experiments on metal-assisted chemical etching are complemented by additional experiments on metal-assisted electrochemical etching of (111) Si substrates with different current densities. As a function of current density, a change of etching directions is observed. This shows that the change of the etching directions is mainly driven by the oxidation rate. On the basis of these phenomena, we have demonstrated fabrication of Si nanopores with modulated orientations by periodically etching a (111) substrate in solutions of low and high oxidant concentrations.
Arabic finite-state morphological analysis and generation (1996)

This paper describes a large-scale system that performs morphological analysis and generation of on-line Arabic words represented in the standard orthography, whether fully voweled, partially voweled or unvoweled. Analyses display the root, pattern and all other affixes together with feature tags indicating part of speech, person, number, mood, voice, aspect, etc. The system is based on lexicons and rules from an earlier KIMMO-style two-level morpholgical system, reworked extensively using Xerox Finite-State Morphology tools. The results is an Arabic Finite-State Lexical Transducer that is applied with the same runtime code used for English, French, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Dutch and Italian lexical transducers.
A video and sound IF processing IC with automatic tuning loops (1994)

A new video and sound IF processing IC (VIF/SIF IC) for use in TVs and VCRs has been developed. The IC makes possible automated VCO free-running frequency adjustment in the video IF section. The automated adjustment has been realized by virtue of a double-loop PLL equipped with a reference oscillator. Furthermore, a quadrature FM detector circuit built around a 90-degree phase shifter using a gyrator was employed in the sound demodulator circuit. The circuit eliminates the need for not only external components but also external adjustment. Thanks to these automated adjustment technologies, the VIF/SIF IC which almost totally obviates the need for external adjustment could be developed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
OCEAN DRILLING PROGRAM LEG 204 SCIENTIFIC PROSPECTUS DRILLING GAS HYDRATES ON HYDRATE RIDGE, CASCADIA CONTINENTAL MARGIN (2002)

Material in this publication may be copied without restraint for library, abstract service, educational, or personal research purposes; however, this source should be appropriately acknowledged. Ocean Drilling Program Scientific Prospectus No. 104 (February 2002). Distribution: Electronic copies of this series may be obtained from the ODP Publications homepage
Orchestration of angiogenesis and arteriovenous contribution by angiopoietins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (2002)

Multiple classes of factors contribute to angiogenesis. In past years, the primary focus has been to understand the functions of individual classes of angiogenic factors. However, few studies have focused on the combinatorial roles of multiple classes of factors in angiogenesis. In this report, we have investigated the in vivo angiogenic processes regulated by two major classes of angiogenic factors, the angiopoietins and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Here we show that angiopoietin-1, a factor previously considered to be proangiogenic, can offset VEGF-induced angiogenesis in vivo. We also provide direct in vivo evidence for the synergistic effect of angiopoietin-2 and VEGF on the induction of angiogenesis. Furthermore, we show that these two classes of factors control the ratio of arterial and venous blood vessel types during angiogenesis. We believe that our study is a step toward understanding how multiple classes of factors harmonize angiogenesis and blood vessel types.
REVIEWS (1951)

Journal Article REVIEWS Get access Biblical Criticism and Heresy in Milton. By GEORGE NEWTNO CONKLIN. Pp. xiv+137. New York: King's Crown Press; London: Geoffrey Cumberlege, 1949. 14s. net.Milton's Samson and the Christian Tradition. By F. MICHAEL KROUSE. Pp. xii+158. Princeton: Princeton University Press, for University of Cincinnati;London: Geoffrey Cumberlege, 1949. $3.75; 21s. net E. L. ALLEN E. L. ALLEN Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Review of English Studies, Volume II, Issue 5, 1951, Pages 281–282, https://doi.org/10.1093/res/II.5.281 Published: 01 January 1951
Clinical classification of hepatoma in Japan according to serial changes in serum alpha-fetoprotein levels (1982)

Quantitative determinations of serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) in 96 patients with hepatomas have demonstrated three main groups based on changes in the serial levels: 1) patients with more than 10 000 ng/ml during most of their clinical course, and with an increase of 10 000 ng/ml or more in a week (Group A); 2) patients with levels varying from 200 to 10 000 ng/ml and with an increase of 1000 ng/ml in three to four months (Group B); and 3) patients with serum AFP level below 200 ng/ml during most of their clinical course (Group C). The patients in Group A had a mean survival time of 7.62 +/- 3.97 months, and those in Group B, 16.18 +/- 12.18 months. The patients in Group C were subdivided into two groups according to whether survival time was long (33.92 +/- 28.22 months) or short (3.75 +/- 0.87 months). Histologic findings revealed poorly differentiated carcinoma in patients in Group A, moderately differentiated carcinoma in those in Group B, and well differentiated carcinoma in those with long survival in Group C and anaplastic carcinoma in those with short survival in Group C.
An <i>In Vitro</i> Cytotoxicity Assay Using Rat Hepatocytes and MTT and Coomassie Blue Dye as Indicators (1991)

Isolated hepatocytes from male Sprague-Dawley rats suspended in culture medium supplemented with either 0.2 or 2% bovine serum albumin (BSA) were allowed to attach to collagen coated 96-well dishes. Ten test chemicals from the MEIC list and salicylic acid were added individually to the dishes, and at the end of 24 and 48 hours, cytotoxicity was determined by measuring MTT (tetrazolium salt) reduction (mitochondrial integrity) and total cellular protein using Coomassie blue dye (reflecting cell number). Total cellular lactate dehydrogenase activity was also determined in some experiments, as an indicator of plasma membrane integrity. The relative toxicities of the test chemicals were quantified by the estimation of EC10, EC20 and EC50 values for each parameter. Except for one chemical, digoxin, in the MTT assay, cytotoxic potency increased with incubation time. The hepatocytes tended to be more sensitive to the chemicals in medium containing 0.2% BSA than in medium containing 2% BSA. Simple linear regression analyses of the log transformed data from the MTT assay versus log oral LD50 in rats for the test chemicals gave the best results using EC10 at 24 hours (r 2 = 0.86). With protein as the cytotoxic indicator, the best results were obtained with EC values in the medium containing 2% BSA, again at 24 hours (r 2 = 0.83). These results suggest that the MTT and Coomassie blue dye assays could be useful indicators for testing the cytotoxic potential of chemicals in rat hepatocyte cultures.
Homophilic Interaction of Junctional Adhesion Molecule (2000)

Junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) is an integral membrane protein that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily, localizes at tight junctions, and regulates both paracellular permeability and leukocyte transmigration. To investigate molecular determinants of JAM function, the extracellular domain of murine JAM was produced as a recombinant soluble protein (rsJAM) in insect cells. rsJAM consisted in large part of noncovalent homodimers, as assessed by analytical ultracentrifugation. JAM dimers were also detected at the surface of Chinese hamster ovary cells transfected with murine JAM, as evaluated by cross-linking and immunoprecipitation. Furthermore, fluid-phase rsJAM bound dose-dependently solid-phase rsJAM, and such homophilic binding was inhibited by anti-JAM Fab BV11, but not by Fab BV12. Interestingly, Fab BV11 exclusively bound rsJAM dimers (but not monomers) in solution, whereas Fab BV12 bound both dimers and monomers. Finally, we mapped the BV11 and BV12 epitopes to a largely overlapping sequence in proximity of the extracellular amino terminus of JAM. We hypothesize that rsJAM dimerization induces a BV11-positive conformation which in turn is critical for rsJAM homophilic interactions. Dimerization and homophilic binding may contribute to both adhesive function and junctional organization of JAM.