gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress in Infrared Photodetectors Since 2000 (2013)

The first decade of the 21st-century has seen a rapid development in infrared photodetector technology. At the end of the last millennium there were two dominant IR systems, InSb- and HgCdTe-based detectors, which were well developed and available in commercial systems. While these two systems saw improvements over the last twelve years, their change has not nearly been as marked as that of the quantum-based detectors (i.e., QWIPs, QDIPs, DWELL-IPs, and SLS-based photodetectors). In this paper, we review the progress made in all of these systems over the last decade plus, compare the relative merits of the systems as they stand now, and discuss where some of the leading research groups in these fields are going to take these technologies in the years to come.
Nonadiabatic controlled-NOT gate for the Kane solid-state quantum computer (2002)

The method of iterated resolvents is used to obtain an effective Hamiltonian for neighboring qubits in the Kane solid-state quantum computer. In contrast to the adiabatic gate processes inherent in the Kane proposal we show that free evolution of the qubit-qubit system, as generated by this effective Hamiltonian, combined with single-qubit operations, is sufficient to produce a controlled-NOT gate. Thus the usual set of universal gates can be obtained on the Kane quantum computer without the need for adiabatic switching of the controllable parameters as prescribed by Kane [Nature (London) 393, 133 (1998)]. Both the fidelity and the gate time of this nonadiabatic controlled-NOT gate are determined by numerical simulation.
Retrograde percutaneous aortic valve implantation for critical aortic stenosis (2005)

Recently, a prosthetic aortic valve has been implanted percutaneously in several patients using an antegrade transseptal approach. This has been shown to be feasible and associated with dramatic hemodynamic improvement. We report a retrograde implantation of a percutaneous heart valve (PHV) in an 84-year-old man with critical aortic stenosis and refractory congestive heart failure after difficulties encountered with an initial antegrade approach. While attempting antegrade transseptal implantation of a PHV, the anterior leaflet of the mitral valve was tethered by the guidewire resulting in severe mitral regurgitation and pulseless electrical activity. Cardiac resuscitation was successful. Utilizing a retrograde approach, the PHV was successfully implanted in a stable position below the coronary ostia and well above the mitral valve leaflets. The aortic valve area increased from 0.55 to 1.7 cm2 with only mild paravalvular aortic regurgitation. Despite marked improvement in aortic valve function, the patient died secondary to guidewire-induced mitral valve anterior leaflet laceration, severe mitral regurgitation, and cardiogenic shock. Retrograde implantation of a PHV can be successfully performed with substantial increase in aortic valve area and an acceptable degree of aortic regurgitation. Although the retrograde approach may be associated with greater risk of vascular access site complications, it may be considerably safer by avoiding potential guidewire injury to the mitral valve. Further refinements in technique may establish the retrograde approach as the preferred means of PHV implantation in nonsurgical patients with critical aortic stenosis.
Automatic generation of hardware design properties from simulation traces (2012)

This paper studies the problem of automatic assertion extraction from simulation traces. Previous approaches to the assertion generation problem have focused on a single aspect of automatic assertion extractions, and have yielded often unfavorable results. We propose a framework that combines searching for known assertion via templates with frequent and sequential patterns mining, while constraining the search by some knowledge about the design. These constraints can be automatically extracted using static analysis methods from the Register Transfer Level (RTL) description of the design, or as a user input to the assertion detector. Our experimental results show that this approach helps in the detection of assertion patterns that are typically common and widely used in today's RTL designs.
Facile and Selective <i>O</i>-Alkyl Transesterification of Primary Carbamates with Titanium(IV) Alkoxides (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFacile and Selective O-Alkyl Transesterification of Primary Carbamates with Titanium(IV) Alkoxides†Gideon Shapiro and Martin MarziView Author Information Preclinical Research, Novartis Pharma Ltd, CH-4002, Basel Switzerland Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 21, 7096–7097Publication Date (Web):October 17, 1997Publication History Received13 August 1997Published online17 October 1997Published inissue 1 October 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo971498zhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo971498zrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1685Altmetric-Citations53LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Aromatic compounds,Organic compounds,Pharmaceuticals,Transesterification Get e-Alerts
Bleaching response of <i>Symbiodinium</i> (zooxanthellae): Determination by flow cytometry (2012)

Coral bleaching is of increasing concern to reef management and stakeholders. Thus far, quantification of coral bleaching tends to be heavily reliant on the enumeration of zooxanthellae, with less emphasis on assessment of photosynthetic or physiological condition, these being often assessed separately by techniques such as liquid chromatography. Traditional methods of enumeration using microscopy are time consuming, subjected to low precision and great observer error. In this study, we presented a method for the distinction of physoiological condition and rapid enumeration of zooxanthellae using flow cytometry (FCM). Microscopy verified that healthy looking/live versus damaged/dead zooxanthellae could be reliably and objectively distinguished and counted by FCM on the basis of red and green fluorescence and light scatter. Excellent correlations were also determined between FCM and microscopy estimates of cell concentrations of fresh zooxanthellae isolates from Pocillopora damicornis. The relative intensities of chlorophyll and β-carotene fluorescences were shown to be important in understanding the results of increased cell counts in freshly isolated zooxanthellae experimentally exposed to high temperatures (34, 36, and 38°C) over 24 h, with ambient temperature (29°C) used as controls. The ability to simultaneously identify and enumerate subpopulations of different physiological states in the same sample provides an enormous advantage in not just determining bleaching responses, but elucidating adaptive response and mechanisms for tolerance. Therefore, this approach might provide a rapid, convenient, and reproducible methodology for climate change studies and reef management programs.
Thalidomide for patients with recurrent lymphoma (2004)

The current study suggests that thalidomide has limited single-agent activity in heavily pretreated patients with recurrent or refractory lymphoma.
The Effect of Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibition on Leptin Secretion by Rat Adipose Tissue (2004)

It is well known that the role of leptin in the body is to regulate food intake and energy expenditure but the process of leptin secretion by adipose tissue and the components involved in this process are still obscure. Carbonic anhydrase III (CA III) is the most abundant protein of the rat adipose tissue and its amount decreases with obesity. The effect of the inhibition of CA III on leptin secretion by rat epididymal adipose tissue was examined. Dorzolamide, a CA inhibitor, caused a decrease in dexamethasone and insulin-induced leptin secretion suggesting a possible role for CA III in the mechanism of leptin secretion.
Shared memory vs. message passing in shared-memory multiprocessors (2003)

It is argued that the choice between the shared-memory and message-passing models depends on two factors: the relative cost of communication and computation as implemented by the hardware, and the degree of load imbalance inherent in the application. Two representative applications are used to illustrate the performance advantages of each programming model on several different shared-memory machines, including the BBN Butterfly, Sequent Symmetry, Encore Multimax and Silicon Graphics Iris multiprocessors. It is shown that applications implemented in the shared-memory model perform better on the previous generation of multiprocessors, while applications implemented in the message-passing model perform better on modern multiprocessors. It is argued that both models have performance advantages, and that the factors that influence the choice of model may not be known at compile-time. As a compromise solution, the authors propose an alternative programming model, which has the load balancing properties of the shared-memory model and the locality properties of the message-passing model, and show that this new model performs better than the other two alternatives.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
α‐Synuclein metabolism and aggregation is linked to ubiquitin‐independent degradation by the proteasome (2001)

alpha-Synuclein has been implicated in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease based on mutations in familial cases of the disease and its presence in Lewy bodies. Here we show that over-expression of wild-type human alpha-synuclein is sufficient to induce inclusion formation in SH-SY5Y cells. In this cellular model, proteasome inhibition leads to an increase of alpha-synuclein accumulation in vivo without ubiquitylation. In accordance, we find that in vitro, unmodified alpha-synuclein can be directly degraded by the 20S proteasome. These findings suggest an ubiquitin-independent mechanism of proteasomal degradation for alpha-synuclein and other natively unfolded proteins.
Effects of "vitex agnus castus" extract and magnesium supplementation, alone and in combination, on osteogenic and angiogenic factors and fracture healing in women with long bone fracture. (2014)

Atorvastatin has no effect on the mean of HCV viral load when we added it to standard treatment for hepatitis C infection. Further studies are necessary to examine the possible antiviral properties of statins and their potential role as adjuncts to standard HCV therapy.
New regenerable sorbents for fluidized bed coal combustion (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew regenerable sorbents for fluidized bed coal combustionLawrence A. Ruth and Gideon M. Varga Jr.Cite this: Environ. Sci. Technol. 1979, 13, 6, 715–720Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/es60154a012https://doi.org/10.1021/es60154a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views79Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
β-Cell Protection and Therapy for Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (2009)

Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a term used to describe a form of autoimmune diabetes that resembles type 1 diabetes, but has a later onset and slower progression toward an absolute insulin requirement. Controversies have been surrounding this concept and several attempts have been made to better characterize and classify it. But LADA still remains poorly understood and defined (1). It was even debated whether LADA exists as a distinct disease entity or it just represents the end of a wide spectrum of heterogeneous immune-mediated diabetes (2,3). Uncertainties concern almost all aspects of this disease, including the nomenclature, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology, natural history, and pathogenesis with genetic, metabolical, and immunological aspects. As a consequence, there is no clear management strategy for it, in terms of therapy and prevention. An ideal therapeutic approach would aim not only at obtaining a good metabolic control, but also at protecting residual β-cell mass and function. Even though ∼10% of adults with presumed type 2 diabetes at diagnosis in fact have LADA, only a few studies so far have evaluated therapeutic interventions for LADA, using a hypoglycemic or an immunomodulatory agent.

Obviously, an important impediment in establishing adequate and effective management strategies is the lack of a good understanding of the disease development and of a clear definition. Difficulties reside from the fact that LADA has features of an autoimmune disease (mainly presence of autoantibodies at onset), with many genetic, immune, and metabolic features of type 1 diabetes, but also shares some clinical, anthropometric, and metabolic traits with type 2 diabetes (Table 1) (2,4). As a matter of fact, LADA was first identified in a subset of phenotypic type 2 diabetes individuals who were positive for islet cells antibodies (ICAs), failed sulfonylurea therapy, and needed insulin replacement earlier than …
A Role for Erbin in the Regulation of Nod2-dependent NF-κB Signaling (2005)

Nod2 is an intracellular sensor of a specific bacterial cell wall component, muramyl dipeptide, and activation of Nod2 stimulates an inflammatory response. Specific mutations of Nod2 have been associated with two inflammatory diseases, Crohn disease and Blau syndrome, and are thought to contribute to disease susceptibility through altering Nod2 signaling. Association of disease with inappropriate activation of Nod2 highlights the importance of proper regulation of Nod2 activity. However, little is known about specific regulation of the Nod2 pathway. We performed a biochemical screen to discover potential regulators of Nod2 and identified Erbin, a protein involved in cell polarity, receptor localization, and regulation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway, as a novel Nod2-interacting protein. In our studies, we demonstrate specific interaction of Erbin and Nod2 both in vitro and in vivo and characterize the regions required for interaction in both proteins. We found that Nod2-dependent activation of NF-kappaB and cytokine secretion is inhibited by Erbin overexpression, whereas Erbin-/- mouse embryo fibroblasts show an increased sensitivity to muramyl dipeptide. These studies identify Erbin as a regulator of Nod2 signaling and demonstrate a novel role for Erbin in inflammatory responses.
[Study Progress of Radiomics in Precision Medicine for Lung Cancer]. (2019)

Precision medicine, imaging first. Radiomics, a method of machine learning in artificial intelligence, provides valuable diagnostic, prognostic or predictive information through quantitative analysis on the tumor's region of interest to support personalized clinical decisions and improve individualized treatment, which could lay a solid foundation for achieving the precision medicine. This review provides a latest advance of the radiomic application of the precision medicine for lung cancer.
Blind equalization using a tricepstrum-based algorithm (1991)

An adaptive blind equalization method is introduced for nonminimum phase communication channels. The method estimates the inverse channel impulse response, by using the complex cepstrum of the fourth-order cumulants (tricepstrum) of the synchronously sampled received signal. As such, the proposed adaptive method depends only on the statistics of the received sequence, and is capable of reconstructing separately both the minimum and maximum phase response of the channel. It is demonstrated, by means of extensive simulations, that the proposed tricepstrum-based equalization scheme performs well and outperforms other existing blind equalizers, at the expense of higher computational complexity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of a <sup>68</sup>Ga-Labeled Peptoid−Peptide Hybrid for Imaging of Neurotensin Receptor Expression in Vivo (2010)

The neurotensin receptor subtype 1 (NTS1) represents an attractive molecular target for imaging various tumors. Positron emission tomography (PET) gained widespread importance due to its sensitivity. We combined the design of a metabolically stable neurotensin analogue with a (68)Ga-radiolabeling approach. The (68)Ga-labeled peptoid-peptide hybrid [(68)Ga]3 revealed high stability, specific tumor uptake (0.7%ID/g, 65 min p.i.), and advantageous biokinetics in vivo using HT29 tumor-bearing nude mice. Because of the ability to internalize into NTS1-expressing tumor cells, [(68)Ga]3 proved to be highly suitable for a reliable and practical visualization of NTS1-expressing tumors in vivo by small animal PET.
Role of Proteins and Water in the Initial Attachment of Mammalian Cells to Biomedical Surfaces: A Review (2010)

Anchorage-dependent mammalian cells are typically grown in vitro on hydrophilic glass and plastic substrata in a medium supplemented with 5–20% v/v blood-serum proteins. Inoculated single cells gravitate from suspension to within close proximity of substrata surfaces whereupon initial contact and attachment occurs followed by progressive cell adhesion, spreading, and ultimately proliferation. A critical examination of the role of proteins and water in the initial attachment phase concludes that the cell attachment phase is not mediated by biological recognition of surface-adsorbed ligands by cell membrane receptors as frequently depicted in various textbook explanations of cell adhesion. This conclusion is based on extensive experimental evidence showing that blood proteins do not adsorb on hydrophilic surfaces that are most conducive to cell growth but do adsorb on hydrophobic surfaces that are not conducive to cell growth. As a consequence, the conventional idea that initial cell attachment is mediated by various adhesin factors adsorbed from serum-protein solutions is viewed as untenable. Rather, it is concluded that the initial contact-and-attachment of cells to hydrophilic surfaces is controlled by physicochemical interactions unrelated to biological recognition. The general physics of these interactions is known but an adequate descriptive theory that can be tested against experimentally measured cell adhesion kinetics has yet to be developed. The role of these physicochemical interactions in stimulating biological machinery within cells to fully adhere and proliferate on surfaces of biotechnical interest is unknown but is of great significance to the science underlying various biomedical and biotechnical applications of materials.
Recognition of planar object classes (1996)

We present a new framework for recognizing planar object classes, which is based on local feature detectors and a probabilistic model of the spatial arrangement of the features. The allowed object deformations are represented through shape statistics, which are learned from examples. Instances of an object in an image are detected by finding the appropriate features in the correct spatial configuration. The algorithm is robust with respect to partial occlusion, detector false alarms, and missed features. A 94% success rate was achieved for the problem of locating quasi-frontal views of faces in cluttered scenes.
Crystalline formate dehydrogenase from Candida methanolica (1987)

Formate dehydrogenase (EC 1.2.1.2) was purified about 38-fold with an overall yield of 76% from a methanol-utilizing yeast, Candida methanolica (ATCC26175), in 4 steps and, by adding polyethylene glycol, the enzyme was crystallised for the first time. The final preparation appeared to be homogeneous by the criteria of polyacrylamide electrophoresis and analytical centrifugation. Compared with the yeast formate dehydrogenases so far reported, the purified enzyme exhibited higher specific activity (7.52 U/mg).
Detection of Human Papillomavirus DNA in Urine Specimens from Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Positive Women (2002)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive women may represent one of the fastest-growing populations at risk for acquiring cervical cancer and thus require frequent screening. The purpose of the present studies was to validate a PCR-based urine assay by comparing detection and genotyping of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in urine samples and matching cervical swab specimens of HIV-positive women. Despite a difference in amplifiability, the prevalence of any HPV genotype (58% for the cervical swab specimens and 48% for the urine specimens) was not significantly different in this population. The levels of concordance were 70, 71, and 78% for detection of any HPV type, any high-risk HPV type, or any low-risk HPV type in the two specimen types, respectively. While instances of discordant detection were greater for the cervical swab specimens than for the urine specimens, this was not statistically significant. The distributions of HPV genotypes were similar in the cervix and the urine for the majority of types examined. Importantly, detection of HPV DNA in urine was associated with an abnormal Papanicolaou smear to the same extent that detection of HPV DNA in a cervical swab specimen was. These data provide preliminary support for the proposal to use urine testing as a primary or secondary screening tool for cervical cancer in HIV-positive women or as an epidemiological tool. Additional studies with larger sample sizes must be conducted in order to further verify these findings.
Designing ‘Balanced’ Crystalloids (2003)

A crystalloid SID of 24 mEq/L is 'balanced' for rapid intravenous administration. The 'balanced' SID of renal replacement fluids is likely to be significantly higher, although less than the normal plasma SID of 42 mEq/L.