gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LIME: Live Intrinsic Material Estimation (2018)

We present the first end-to-end approach for real-time material estimation for general object shapes with uniform material that only requires a single color image as input. In addition to Lambertian surface properties, our approach fully automatically computes the specular albedo, material shininess, and a foreground segmentation. We tackle this challenging and ill-posed inverse rendering problem using recent advances in image-to-image translation techniques based on deep convolutional encoder-decoder architectures. The underlying core representations of our approach are specular shading, diffuse shading and mirror images, which allow to learn the effective and accurate separation of diffuse and specular albedo. In addition, we propose a novel highly efficient perceptual rendering loss that mimics real-world image formation and obtains intermediate results even during run time. The estimation of material parameters at real-time frame rates enables exciting mixed-reality applications, such as seamless illumination-consistent integration of virtual objects into real-world scenes, and virtual material cloning. We demonstrate our approach in a live setup, compare it to the state of the art, and demonstrate its effectiveness through quantitative and qualitative evaluation.
Use of Resonator for Reducing Combustion Oscillation in Gas Turbine Combustor (2002)

Lean premixed combustion can reduce NOx emissions from gas turbines, but often leads to combustion oscillations. This paper describes the characteristics of combustion oscillations in premix combustion flame. The flame is stabilized by swirler in the straight tube which simulates gas turbine combustor configuration. Combustion tests were performed in the atmospheric pressure with natural gas fuel. The effects of reference velocity, equivalence ratio and premix ratio were investigated. High speed video camera and photodiode were applied to visualize flame behaviors. The characteristics of combustion pressure oscillations and flame behaviors which have periodic motions in the combustion zone were presented. The resonators with controlling system were applied for reducing combustion oscillations in combustion chamber. The results showed that the control system achieved large reduction of the oscillations amplitude.
3D Microtissue Formation of Undifferentiated Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Leads to Elevated Apoptosis (2011)

Current implantation formats to deliver bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to the site of myocardial injury resulted only in limited cell retention and integration. As an alternative concept to single cell transplantation, we investigated the fate of cell tracker-labeled syngenic rat MSC microtissue implants, injected into the scar area in a chronic rat myocardial infarction model. Analysis of the explants after 2 and 7 days revealed substantial amounts of the cell tracker within the infarct region. However, the signal was associated with the extracellular matrix rather than with viable implanted cells. Following these results, we systematically evaluated the behavior of MSCs derived from mouse, rat, and human origin in the microtissue format in vitro. We found that MSC-composed microtissues of all three species displayed highly elevated levels of apoptotic activity and cell death. This effect could be attenuated by initiating osteogenic differentiation during the tissue formation process. We conclude that MSCs used for tissue regeneration undergo apoptosis in their new environment unless they get appropriate signals for differentiation that permit sustained survival. These findings may explain the limited cellular regeneration potential in current MSC-based clinical trials and may change therapeutic strategies away from pure, unmodulated cell delivery concepts.
Production, formulation and application of the entomopathogenic fungus <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> for insect control: current status (1994)

This review summarizes the progress and achievements made in the last decade in mass production formulation and application technology of the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Reports published on relevant research from Belgium, Canada, China, Cuba, Czechoslovakia (former), France, Germany, Great Britain, Philippines, Poland, Switzerland, USA and USSR (former) regarding this topic have been covered. Much of the non‐English language literature, particularly that from Eastern European and Chinese sources, has not been translated and is inaccessible to most English or other western language readers. We have done this translation and through this review provide technological details about mass production of B. bassiana in China. Various aspects of B. bassiana growth, substrate use, production of mycelia, conidiospore and blastospores, process technologies associated with separation, drying and milling, formulation, storage and ‘shelf‐life’, and field efficacy are reviewed. Data are presented on: a modified diphasic production technology developed in China during the 1980s; comparisons between submerged fermentation, which usually produces blastospores, and those producing conidia; the use of mycelial preparations pelletized with alginate or gelatinized with cornstarch or cornstarch‐oil; and data on low or ultra‐low volume sprays of emulsifiable or oil conidial suspensions and dust formulations. B. bassiana has proved to be competitive with chemical insecticides for the annual protection of 0.8–1.3 million hectares against forest and farm insect pests in China. It is hoped that this review will help to bridge the language gap between eastern and western scientists in microbial control using B. bassiana.
The Viscous and Inertial Flow of Air through Perforated Papers (1989)

Abstract Inherently porous cigarette paper consists of an interlocking network of cellulose fibres interspersed with chalk particles. Spaces in this matrix are of the order of 1 AAµm wide which is small compared to the paper thickness (usually 20 AAµm to 40 AAµm). However, when cigarette paper is perforated after the paper-making process, e.g. by an electrostatic or mechanical process, the perforation holes are relatively large, usually having mean diameters of the same order of magnitude as the paper thickness. The total flow of air through perforated cigarette paper thus consists of two components: viscous flow through the porous structure of the paper inherent from the paper-making process, and inertial flow through the perforation holes. Since the air flow / pressure relationships due to these two components of flow differ and since the two components are additive, the total flow through perforated paper may be expressed as: Q = Z A P + Z’ A Pn, where Q is the air flow (cm3 min-1), A is the area of paper (cm2) exposed to the flowing air, P is the pressure difference across the paper (kilopascal), Z is the base permeability of the paper due to viscous flow through the spaces inherent from the paper-making process (cm min-1 kPa-1 or Coresta unit), Z’ is the permeability of the paper due to inertial flow through the perforation holes (cm min-1 kPa-1/n) and n is a constant for a given set of perforation holes. This equation adequately describes gas flow through a variety of perforated cigarette and tipping papers. By using different gases, it is confirmed that Z depends on viscous forces and Z’ depends on inertial forces. By examining the flow of air through a large number of papers with perforation holes of different sizes, it is shown that Z’ is dependent on the total area of perforation holes, and that a jet-contraction effect occurs as the air travels through the paper. The parameter n is shown to have a value between 0.5 and 1.0, and this value is related to mean perforation-hole size. The permeability of cigarette paper is defined as the flow of air through the paper when the pressure across the paper is 1 kilopascal. Thus from the above equation the “total permeability” of perforated cigarette paper is equal to Z + Z'.
Computer manpower in the United States-supply and demand (1977)

Results of a survey conducted by the author in late 1974 are presented and used to give estimates of Computer Manpower production for 1974-75. These production estimates are compared with needs estimates presented in an earlier paper (SIGCSE Bulletin December, 1975). All postsecondary institutions were surveyed and a 61% response was obtained. Lists of degree programs reported in the Computer Sciences are also presented.
Amplified Biosensing Using the Horseradish Peroxidase-Mimicking DNAzyme as an Electrocatalyst (2010)

The hemin/G-quadruplex horseradish peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme is assembled on Au electrodes. It reveals bioelectrocatalytic properties and electrocatalyzes the reduction of H(2)O(2). The bioelectrocatalytic functions of the hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme are used to develop electrochemical sensors that follow the activity of glucose oxidase and biosensors for the detection of DNA or low-molecular-weight substrates (adenosine monophosphate, AMP). Hairpin nucleic structures that include the G-quadruplex sequence in a caged configuration and the nucleic acid sequence complementary to the analyte DNA, or the aptamer sequence for AMP, are immobilized on Au-electrode surfaces. In the presence of the DNA analyte, or AMP, the hairpin structures are opened, and the hemin/G-quadruplex horseradish peroxidase-mimicking DNAzyme structures are generated on the electrode surfaces. The bioelectrocatalytic cathodic currents generated by the functionalized electrodes, upon the electrochemical reduction of H(2)O(2), provide a quantitative measure for the detection of the target analytes. The DNA target was analyzed with a detection limit of 1 x 10(-12) M, while the detection limit for analyzing AMP was 1 x 10(-6) M. Methods to regenerate the sensing surfaces are presented.
In-Core Optimization of High-Order Stencil Computations. (2009)

In this paper, we apply in-core optimization techniques to high-order stencil computations, including: (1) cache blocking for efficient L2 cache use; (2) register blocking and data-level parallelism via single-instruction multipledata (SIMD) techniques to increase L1 cache efficiency; and (3) software prefetching techniques. Our generic approach is tested with a kernel extracted from a 6 th-order stencil based seismic wave propagation code on a suite of Intel Xeon architectures. Cache blocking and prefetching techniques are found to achieve modest performance improvement, whereas register blocking and SIMD implementation reduce L1 cache line miss dramatically accompanied by moderate decrease in L2 cache miss rate. Optimal register blocking sizes are determined through analysis of cache performance of the stencil kernel for different sizes of register blocks, thereby achieving over 4.3fold speedup on Intel Harpertown. We also examine lower precision (3 rd, 4 th, and 5 th orders) stencil computations to analyze the dependency of data-level parallel efficiency on the stencil order. 1.
THE TIME CONSOLIDATION OF BULK SOLIDS ON THE EXAMPLE OF VISCOELASTIC GRANULES* (1998)

Abstract Many bulk solids of practical use consolidate with increasing storage time at rest. In the case of sticking EVA-copolymer particles a large number of experimental examinations were performed. The unconfined yield stress, the uniaxial tensile strength, and the adherent strength between two particles were analysed. The flattening of the particles due to the time consolidation at rest was measured microscopical. The time consolidation of EVA-copolymers in the considered range of temperature and storage time is based on the mechanism of viscoelastic flattening at the contact areas of the particles.
REGIONAL CEREBRAL OXYGEN SUPPLY AND UTILIZATION IN DEMENTIA: A CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY WITH OXYGEN-15 AND POSITRON TOMOGRAPHY A CLINICAL AND PHYSIOLOGICAL STUDY WITH OXYGEN - 15 AND POSITRON TOMOHRAPHY (1981)

The cerebral blood flow, oxygen extraction and oxygen utilization has been measured regionally in 22 dements, and 14 aged normal volunteers. Ten demented patients were studied twice at a six-month interval from initial measurements. The use of a steady-state 15O technique and positron tomography for measuring regional cerebral blood flow, regional oxygen extraction fraction and mean cerebral oxygen utilization is discussed. The limitations of measurements are reviewed in the light of the present results and the current state of technological development in positron emission tomography is discussed. A decline in cerebral blood flow and mean cerebral oxygen utilization was correlated with increasing severity of dementia in both degenerative and vascular dements. The decline was coupled, both for the cerebral hemisphere as a whole and regionally. There was no increase in oxygen extraction ratio globally, and therefore no evidence to support the existence of a chronic ischaemic brain syndrome. Focal abnormalities in oxygen utilization were observed for both vascular and degenerative groups. In the vascular group, parietal defects were the most pronounced. Individual derangements of the regional pattern varied, reflecting the different unique patterns of ischaemic damage in these patients. In the degenerative group, parietal and temporal defects were seen in the less severe group, but a profound depression in the frontal regions with relative sparing of occipital area characterized the severe degenerative dements.
Chronic Pancreatitis in the Western Cape (1973)

A review of 1,006 patients studied over a 12-year period underlines the importance of alcohol in calcific, chronic and, to a lesser extent, acute pancreatitis. The racial incidence, natural history and complications of calcific pancreatitis are presented and genetic data discussed. Recognition of a pre-calcific state based on tests of endocrine and exocrine function is suggested.
Modeling of Thin-Film Slurry Photocatalytic Reactors Affected by Radiation Scattering (2003)

Photocatalytic oxidation over titanium dioxide is a "green" sustainable process for treatment and purification of water and wastewater. A dimensionless model for steady-state, continuous flow, thin-film, slurry (TFS) photocatalytic reactors for water purification using solar radiation and UV lamps is presented and validated. The model is applicable to TFS flat plate and annular photoreactors of (a) falling film or (b) double-skin designs, operating with three ideal flows: (1) falling film laminar flow (FFLF), (2) plug flow (PF) and (3) slitflow (SF). Model parameters can be estimated easily from real systems, and solutions can be obtained with modest computational efforts. A modified two-flux absorption-scattering model models the radiation field in the photoreactor. Model simulations show that at a scattering albedo higher than 0.3, radiation scattering can significantly affect conversions obtained at different values of optical thickness. However, at lower values, the effect of scattering on conversions is negligible. The conversions with the idealized flow systems follow the sequence FFLF > PF > SF. SF operation should always be avoided. The model estimates the optimum value of optical thickness that maximizes conversion in a photocatalytic reactor. Optimal design of TFS photocatalytic reactors using the photocatalyst TiO2 Degussa P25 requires an optical thickness in the range from 1.8 to 3.4 depending on flow conditions and reaction kinetics.
Large DNA restriction fragment polymorphism in the Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex: a potential epidemiologic tool (1993)

Mycobacterium avium-M. intracellulare complex (MAI) isolates were studied by comparing the large restriction fragment (LRF) patterns produced by digesting their DNAs with infrequently cutting restriction endonucleases and separating the resultant large fragments by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Four reference strains and 35 randomly selected clinical MAI isolates gave highly diverse LRF patterns when their DNAs were digested with XbaI or AsnI. The LRF patterns of random isolates identified to be the same species by DNA probe analysis were not similar. The LRF patterns of random isolates of the same serotype were also different. In contrast, all isolates recovered from the same patient gave identical patterns. This included 28 isolates from nine patients. One isolate from sputum, one isolate from bone marrow, and two isolates from blood recovered over a 27-month period from a patient with AIDS were identical. Seven isolates recovered from the sputum of a second patient over 37 months also had identical patterns. The LRF patterns of unrelated MAI strains are highly polymorphic, appear to be strain specific, are relatively stable, and offer exciting promise as epidemiologic markers for the study of MAI infections.
Chemoprevention of intestinal polyposis in the APCDelta716 mouse by rofecoxib, a specific cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor (2000)

Mutations in the human adenomatous polyposis (APC) gene are causative for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), a rare condition in which numerous colonic polyps arise during puberty and, if left untreated, lead to colon cancer. The APC gene is a tumor suppressor that has been termed the "gatekeeper gene" for colon cancer. In addition to the 100% mutation rate in FAP patients, the APC gene is mutated in >80% of sporadic colon and intestinal cancers. The Apc gene in mice has been mutated either by chemical carcinogenesis, resulting in the Min mouse Apcdelta850, or by heterologous recombination, resulting in the Apcdelta716 or Apedelta1368 mice (M. Oshima et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92: 4482-4486, 1995). Although homozygote Apc-/- mice are embryonically lethal, the heterozygotes are viable but develop numerous intestinal polyps with loss of Apc heterozygosity within the polyps (M. Oshima et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 92: 4482-4486, 1995). The proinflammatory, prooncogenic protein cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 has been shown to be markedly induced in the Apcdelta716 polyps at an early stage of polyp development (M. Oshima et al., Cell, 87: 803-809, 1996). We demonstrate here that treatment with the specific COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib results in a dose-dependent reduction in the number and size of intestinal and colonic polyps in the Apcdelta716 mouse. The plasma concentration of rofecoxib that resulted in a 55% inhibition of polyp number and an 80% inhibition of polyps > 1 mm in size is comparable with the human clinical steady-state concentration of 25 mg rofecoxib (Vioxx) taken once daily (A. Porras et al., Clin. Pharm. Ther., 67: 137, 2000). Polyps from both untreated and rofecoxib- or sulindac-treated Apcdelta716 mice expressed COX-1 and -2, whereas normal epithelium from all mice expressed COX-1 but minimal amounts of COX-2. Polyps from either rofecoxib- or sulindac-treated mice had lower rates of DNA replication, expressed less proangiogenic vascular endothelial-derived growth factor and more membrane-bound beta-catenin, but showed unchanged nuclear localization of this transcription factor. This study showing the inhibition of polyposis in the Apcdelta716 mouse suggests that the specific COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib (Vioxx) has potential as a chemopreventive agent in human intestinal and colon cancer.
Systematic discovery of cap-independent translation sequences in human and viral genomes (2016)

To investigate gene specificity at the level of translation in both the human genome and viruses, we devised a high-throughput bicistronic assay to quantify cap-independent translation. We uncovered thousands of novel cap-independent translation sequences, and we provide insights on the landscape of translational regulation in both humans and viruses. We find extensive translational elements in the 3' untranslated region of human transcripts and the polyprotein region of uncapped RNA viruses. Through the characterization of regulatory elements underlying cap-independent translation activity, we identify potential mechanisms of secondary structure, short sequence motif, and base pairing with the 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Furthermore, we systematically map the 18S rRNA regions for which reverse complementarity enhances translation. Thus, we make available insights into the mechanisms of translational control in humans and viruses.
TLR Signaling Fine-Tunes Anti-Influenza B Cell Responses without Regulating Effector T Cell Responses (2007)

Influenza is a ssRNA virus that has been responsible for widespread morbidity and mortality; however, the innate immunological mechanisms that drive the adaptive anti-influenza immune response in vivo are yet to be fully elucidated. TLRs are pattern recognition receptors that bind evolutionarily conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns, induce dendritic cell maturation, and consequently aid the development of effective immune responses. We have examined the role of TLRs in driving effective T and B cell responses against influenza virus. We found TLR3 and its associated adapter molecule, Toll/IL-R domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN-beta, did not play a role in the development of CD4(+) or CD8(+) T cell responses against influenza virus, nor did they influence influenza-specific B cell responses. Surprisingly, TLR7 and MyD88 also played negligible roles in T cell activation and effector function upon infection with influenza virus; however, their signaling was critical for regulating anti-influenza B cell Ab isotype switching. The induction of appropriate anti-influenza humoral responses involved stimulation of TLRs on B cells directly and TLR-induced production of IFN-alpha, which acted to reduce IgG1 and increase IgG2a/c class switching. Notably, direct TLR signaling on B cells or T cell help through the CD40-CD40L interaction was sufficient to support B cell proliferation and IgG1 production, whereas IFN-alpha was critical for fine-tuning the nature of the isotype switch. Taken together, these data reveal that TLR signaling is not required for anti-influenza T cell responses, but through both direct and indirect means orchestrates appropriate anti-influenza B cell responses.
The Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Progression of Atherosclerosis (2010)

Prolonged activation of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway known as the unfolded protein response (UPR) can lead to cell pathology and subsequent tissue dysfunction. There is now ample evidence that the UPR is chronically activated in atherosclerotic lesional cells, particularly advanced lesional macrophages and endothelial cells. The stressors in advanced lesions that can lead to prolonged activation of the UPR include oxidative stress, oxysterols, and high levels of intracellular cholesterol and saturated fatty acids. Importantly, these arterial wall stressors may be especially prominent in the settings of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes, all of which promote the clinical progression of atherosclerosis. In the case of macrophages, prolonged ER stress triggers apoptosis, which in turn leads to plaque necrosis if the apoptotic cells are not rapidly cleared. ER stress-induced endothelial cell apoptosis may also contribute to plaque progression. Another potentially important proatherogenic effect of prolonged ER stress is activation of inflammatory pathways in macrophages and, perhaps in response to atheroprone shear stress, endothelial cells. Although exciting work over the last decade has begun to shed light on the mechanisms and in vivo relevance of ER stress-driven atherosclerosis, much more work is needed to fully understand this area and to enable an informed approach to therapeutic translation.