gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucan‐specific monoclonal antibody and its use in the quantitation and immunocytochemical location of (1→3,1→4)‐β‐glucans (1994)

Monoclonal antibodies were raised against a (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucan-bovine serum albumin (BSA) conjugate. One antibody (BG1) selected for further characterization, was specific for (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucan, displaying no binding activity against a (1-->3)-beta-glucan-BSA conjugate and minimal binding against a cellopentaose-BSA conjugate. A range of oligosaccharides was prepared by enzymatic digestion of (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucan, purified by size exclusion chromatography and characterized by 1H-NMR and anion exchange chromatography. These (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-oligoglucosides, together with (1-->3)-beta- and (1-->4)-beta-oligoglucosides were used to characterize the binding site of the monoclonal antibody (BG1) by competitive inhibition. The monoclonal antibody showed maximal binding to a heptasaccharide with the structure Glc(1-->3) Glc(1-->4) Glc(1-->4) Glc(1-->3) Glc(1-->4) Glc(1-->4) Glc and was determined to have an affinity constant of 3.8 x 10(4) M-1 for this oligoglucoside. The monoclonal antibody (BG1) has been used to develop a sensitive sandwich ELISA for the specific quantitation of (1-->3,1-->4)-beta-glucans. The assay operates in the range 1-10 ng ml-1 and shows no significant cross-reaction with tamarind xyloglucan, wheat endosperm arabinoxylan or carboxymethylpachyman ((1-->3)-beta-glucan). When used with a second-stage, rabbit anti-mouse gold conjugate and viewed under the electron microscope, the monoclonal antibody probe was found to bind strongly to the walls of the aleurone in thin sections of immature wheat (Triticum aestivum) cv. Millewa grains but not to the middle lamella region.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The marginal zone and its contribution to the hypoblast and primitive streak of the chick embryo (1990)

The marginal zone of the chick embryo has been shown to play an important role in the formation of the hypoblast and of the primitive streak. In this study, time-lapse filming, fate mapping, ablation and transplantation experiments were combined to study its contribution to these structures. It was found that the deep (endodermal) portion of the posterior marginal zone contributes to the hypoblast and to the junctional endoblast, while the epiblast portion of the same region contributes to the epiblast of the primitive streak and to the definitive (gut) endoderm derived from it. Within the deep part of the posterior marginal zone, a subpopulation of HNK-1-positive cells contributes to the hypoblast. Removal of the deep part of the marginal zone prevents regeneration of the hypoblast but not the formation of a primitive streak. Removal of both layers of the marginal zone leads to a primitive streak of abnormal morphology but mesendodermal cells nevertheless differentiate. These results show that the two main properties of the posterior marginal zone (contributing to the hypoblast and controlling the site of primitive streak formation) are separable, and reside in different germ layers. This conclusion does not support the idea that the influence of the posterior marginal zone on the development of axial structures is due to it being the source of secondary hypoblast cells.
Pathological situations characterized by altered actin isoform expression (2004)

Modulation of actin isoform expression is a well-established feature of developmental phenomena. As one might expect, it is also characteristic of several pathological situations that are the subject of the present review. alpha-Smooth muscle actin has proven to be a reliable marker for identifying (a) vascular smooth muscle cells during vascular development and vascular diseases, and (b) myofibroblasts during wound healing, fibrocontractive diseases, and stromal reaction to epithelial tumours. The hallmark of a differentiated myofibroblast relies on the acquisition of an organized contractile apparatus characterized by alpha-smooth muscle actin-expressing stress fibres. More and more data suggest that alpha-smooth muscle actin plays a direct role in myofibroblast contractile activity through its N-terminal domain AcEEED. Newly developed antibodies against alpha-skeletal and alpha-cardiac actins have allowed the detection of subpopulations of alpha-skeletal positive cardiomyocytes in adult, hypertrophic, and failing heart. These antibodies have also permitted us to identify the differentiation degree of malignant cells in tumours such as rhabdomyosarcoma. Whether the differential expression of actin isoforms in human diseases is functionally relevant is not yet fully established, although studies on human actin mutations, actin null mice, and the N-terminal end of alpha-smooth muscle actin support this possibility.
Polymer Bound 3-Hydroxy-2-methylidenepropionic Acids. A Template for Multiple Core Structure Libraries (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTPolymer Bound 3-Hydroxy-2-methylidenepropionic Acids. A Template for Multiple Core Structure LibrariesHartmut Richter, Tilmann Walk, Alexandra Höltzel, and Günther JungView Author Information Institut für Organische Chemie, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 18, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 4, 1362–1365Publication Date (Web):January 22, 1999Publication History Received4 August 1998Published online22 January 1999Published inissue 1 February 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo981582uhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo981582ubrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views402Altmetric-Citations25LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Amines,Crystal cleavage,Genetics,Organic compounds,Polymers Get e-Alerts
Advances in control of cancer pain. (1987)

The wide variety of techniques and rapidly developing complex technologies currently available for managing pain, as well as the multidimensional nature of cancer pain, require that a multidisciplinary approach to treatment be used in virtually all health care settings. Members of each health care discipline have unique and very important contributions to make to the care of patients with cancer pain. This critical fact has only recently been recognized and incorporated into the management of persons with pain in inpatient, outpatient, and home settings. The development and refinement of multidisciplinary teams, coupled with the use of the most current and effective therapeutic interventions available, should result in better care of and quality of life for patients with cancer pain.
Scalar coprocessors for accelerating the G723.1 and G729A speech coders (2003)

We investigate two scalar coprocessors for accelerating the ITU-T G723.1 and G729A speech coders. Architecture space exploration indicates up to 72% reduction in the total number of instructions executed through the introduction of custom instructions and small changes to the C reference code. The accelerators are designed to be attached to a configurable embedded RISC CPU where they make use of the host register file and load/store infrastructure.
Integration of NMR and High-Throughput Screening (2002)

NMR-based screening has become a powerful method for the identification and analysis of low-molecular weight organic compounds that bind to protein targets and can be utilized in drug discovery programs. In particular, heteronuclear NMR-based screening can yield information about both the affinity and binding location of potential lead compounds. In addition, heteronuclear NMR-based screening has wide applications in complementing and facilitating conventional high-throughout screening programs. This article will describe several strategies for the integration of NMR-based screening and high-throughput screening. The marriage of these two techniques promises to be of tremendous benefit in the triage of hits that come from HTS, and can aid the medicinal chemist in the identification of quality leads that have high potential for further optimization.
Relationship between the Growth Regime of Polyelectrolyte Multilayers and the Polyanion/Polycation Complexation Enthalpy (2006)

The alternate deposition of polyanions and polycations leads to the formation of films called polyelectrolyte multilayer films (PEMs). Two types of growth processes are reported in the literature, leading to films that grow either linearly or exponentially with the number of deposition steps. In this article we try to establish a correlation between the nature of the growth process and the heat of complexation between the polyanions and the polycations constituting the PEM film. Isothermal titration microcalorimetry experiments performed on several polyanion/polycation systems seem to indicate that an endothermic complexation process is characteristic of an exponential film growth, whereas a strongly exothermic process corresponds to a linear growth regime. Finally, weakly exothermic processes seem to be associated with weakly exponentially growing films. These results thus show that exponentially growing processes are mainly driven by entropy. This explains why the exponential growth processes are more sensitive to temperature than the linear growing processes. This temperature sensitivity is shown on the poly-L-glutamic acid/poly(allylamine) system which grows either linearly or exponentially depending on the ionic strength of the polyelectrolyte solutions.
Synthesis and preliminary evaluation of anti-HIV agent AZT prodrug. (2011)

In this research, phosphate and thiophosphate prodrugs 3a, 3b of anti-HIV agent AZT were synthesized, and their anti-HIV activities and cytotoxicities were investigated in vitro. Results showed that the prodrugs 3a and 3b with an IC50 value of 11.0 and 4.0 micromol x L(-1), respectively, were less toxic than AZT (1.0 micromol x L(-1)). Although the EC50 values of both 3a (0.04 micromol x (L(-1) and 3b (0.16 micromol x L(-1)) were lower than that of AZT (0.01 micromol x L(-1)), the therapeutic index (IC50/EC50) of prodrug 3a (275) was much higher than that of both AZT (100) and prodrug 3b (25). This indicated that the prodrug 3a merited further investigation as an anti-HIV agent.
<i>De Novo</i> Assembly of the <i>Streptomyces</i> sp. Strain Mg1 Genome Using PacBio Single-Molecule Sequencing (2013)

We report a draft genome assembly of Streptomyces sp. strain Mg1, a competitive soil isolate with multiple secondary metabolite gene clusters.
A Hybrid Spur Compensation Technique for Finite-Modulo Fractional-<i>N</i> Phase-Locked Loops (2009)

A finite-modulo fractional-N PLL utilizing a low-bit high-order DeltaSigma modulator is presented. A 4-bit fourth-order DeltaSigma modulator not only performs non-dithered 16-modulo fractional-N operation but also offers less spur generation with negligible quantization noise. Further spur reduction is achieved by charge compensation in the voltage domain and phase interpolation in the time domain, which significantly relaxes the dynamic range requirement of the charge pump compensation current. A 1.8-2.6 GHz fractional-N PLL is implemented in 0.18 mum CMOS. By employing high-order deterministic DeltaSigma modulation and hybrid spur compensation, the spur level of less than -55 dBc is achieved when the ratio of the bandwidth to minimum frequency resolution is set to 1/4. The prototype PLL consumes 35.3 mW in which only 2.7 mW is consumed by the digital modulator and compensation circuits.
Cycling in São Paulo, Brazil (1997–2012): Correlates, time trends and health consequences (2016)

The purpose of the study was to describe cyclists and cycling trips, and to explore correlates, time trends and health consequences of cycling in São Paulo, Brazil from 1997 to 2012. Cross-sectional analysis using repeated São Paulo Household Travel Surveys (HTS). At all time periods cycling was a minority travel mode in São Paulo (1174 people with cycling trips out of 214,719 people). Poisson regressions for individual correlates were estimated using the entire 2012 HTS sample. Men were six times more likely to cycle than women. We found rates of bicycle use rising over time among the richest quartile but total cycling rates dropped from 1997 to 2012 due to decreasing rates among the poor. Harms from air pollution would negate benefits from physical activity through cycling only at 1997 air pollution levels and at very high cycling levels (≥ 9 h of cycling per day). Exposure-based road injury risk decreased between 2007 and 2012, from 0.76 to 0.56 cyclist deaths per 1000 person-hours travelled. Policies to reduce spatial segregation, measures to tackle air pollution, improvements in dedicated cycling infrastructure, and integrating the bicycle with the public transport system in neighborhoods of all income levels could make cycling safer and prevent more individuals from abandoning the cycling mode in São Paulo.
Noise analysis of injection-locked semiconductor injection lasers (1986)

The noise of injection-locked semiconductor lasers is analyzed by rate equations including the spontaneous emission noise. The side mode suppression and the relative intensity noise (RIN) of the locked laser (slave laser) are given for different wavelengths detuning between the master and slave laser and for different linewidth enhancement factors α. For large α, locking is difficult to achieve, whereas extremely low noise may be obtained for injection-locked lasers with a low linewidth enhancement factor.
Use of Statistical Timing Analysis on Real Designs (2007)

A vast literature has been published on statistical static timing analysis (SSTA), its motivations, its different implementations and their runtime/accuracy trade-offs. However, very limited literature exists on the applicability and the usage models of this new technology on real designs. This work focuses on the use of SSTA in real designs and its practical benefits and limitations over the traditional design flow. The authors introduce two new metrics to drive the optimization: skew criticality and aggregate sensitivity. Practical benefits of SSTA are demonstrated for clock tree analysis, and correct modeling of on-chip-variations. The use of SSTA to cover the traditional corner analysis and to drive optimization is also discussed. Results are reported on three designs implemented on a 90nm technology
Tritium autoradiography of internal strucure in metallic materials by replica method and scan electron microscopic observation. (1990)

トリチウム電子顕微鏡オートラジオグラフィはレプリカ法および走査型電子顕微鏡によって金属組織と水素捕捉との関係を解析した。トリチウム捕捉サイトは結晶粒界と母相との界面, 粒界三重点 (線) 近傍, 析出物およびマルテンサイトラスに見られた。
Comparison of pain syndromes associated with nervous or somatic lesions and development of a new neuropathic pain diagnostic questionnaire (DN4) (2005)

Few studies have directly compared the clinical features of neuropathic and non-neuropathic pains. For this purpose, the French Neuropathic Pain Group developed a clinician-administered questionnaire named DN4 consisting of both sensory descriptors and signs related to bedside sensory examination. This questionnaire was used in a prospective study of 160 patients presenting with pain associated with a definite neurological or somatic lesion. The most common aetiologies of nervous lesions (n=89) were traumatic nerve injury, post herpetic neuralgia and post stroke pain. Non-neurological lesions (n=71) were represented by osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthropathies and mechanical low back pain. Each patient was seen independently by two experts in order to confirm the diagnosis of neuropathic or non-neuropathic pain. The prevalence of pain descriptors and sensory dysfunctions were systematically compared in the two groups of patients. The analysis of the psychometric properties of the DN4 questionnaire included: face validity, inter-rater reliability, factor analysis and logistic regression to identify the discriminant properties of items or combinations of items for the diagnosis of neuropathic pain. We found that a relatively small number of items are sufficient to discriminate neuropathic pain. The 10-item questionnaire developed in the present study constitutes a new diagnostic instrument, which might be helpful both in clinical research and daily practice.
Inferring global perceptual contours from local features (2002)

An attempt is made to solve the problem of imperfect data produced by state-of-the-art edge detectors through the implementation of laws of perceptual grouping, derived from psychology. A saliency-enhancing operator is introduced. It is capable of highlighting features (edges, junctions, etc.) which are considered important psychologically. It also infers features which are not detected by low-level detectors. It is shown how to extract salient curves and junctions and generate a description ranking these features by the likelihood of them occurring accidentally. The problem of illusory contours apparent in end-point formations is discussed. All operations are parameter-free, noniterative and are linear with the number of edges in the input image.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Chirped area coupled resonator optical waveguide gyroscope (2011)

We study the transmission of an optical field through a rotating coupled resonator optical waveguide (CROW) in which the size of the ring resonators changes from one ring to the next. We focus on symmetric integer wavelength chirps of the circumference of the rings relative to the central ring in the array. The transfer matrix method is used to obtain the transmission as a function of the inertial rotation rate Ω resulting from the Sagnac effect. Chirping increases the slope of the oscillations in the transmission as a function of Ω, which can be exploited to further enhance the rotation sensitivity beyond that of a CROW with uniform resonators.
An alternate derivation and extension of Friendland's two-stage Kalman estimator (1981)

An alternate simplified derivation of Friedland's two-stage Kalman estimator is given for a somewhat more general class of problems than considered by Friedland. Friedland's result is also extended to encompass two variations on the basic idea which are of practical interest.
Managing rail service life (2014)

The service life Of tails depends especially on the operational loads and speeds on the railway lines; as well as on the rail maintenance policy. There are multiple aspects of rail maintenance optimization. The following article considers optimisation of rail maintenance activities relating to tail head surface condition in order to reduce Corrective work on track geometry, as well as to minimize the overall costs for track maintenance. The objects of this research are issues and challenges related to rail and track maintenance in curves on modern conventional railway lines for mixed traffic.
Erzeugung von kolloiden Übergangsmetallen in organischer Phase und ihre Anwendung in der Katalyse (1991)

Durch Reduktion von Metallsalzen mit Tetraalkylammoniumhydrotriorganoboraten in organischer Phase können Metallkolloide der Elemente der Gruppen 6‐11 erhalten werden. Auf Trägeroberflächen adsorbiert sind diese Metallkolloide hochwirksame Hydrierkatalysatoren, deren Aktivität sich noch durch Dotierung mit niedervalenten Organotitanverbindungen steigern läßt.
Type 3 Iodothyronine Deiodinase Is Highly Expressed in the Human Uteroplacental Unit and in Fetal Epithelium (2003)

Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) is the major physiologic inactivator of thyroid hormone. This selenoenzyme, previously identified in human placenta and brain, catalyzes the inner-ring deiodination of T(4) to reverse T(3) and T(3) to 3, 3'-diiodothyronine, both of which are biologically inactive. We analyzed D3 expression in several human adult and fetal tissues by immunohistochemistry and correlated the results with D3 activity assays where possible. High D3 expression was present in the placental syncytiotrophoblasts and cytotrophoblasts, endothelium of fetal vessels, and maternal decidua. D3 was also present at other sites of maternal-fetal interface, including the umbilical arteries and vein and the fetal respiratory, digestive, and urinary tract epithelium. Surprisingly, D3 was also present in the endometrial glands of nonpregnant human uteri, and endometrial activity approximated that of term placenta. The presence of D3 at maternal-fetal interfaces is consistent with its role in modulating the thyroid status of the human fetus and its expression in endometrium suggests that local regulation of thyroid status is important in implantation.
Selective packaging of human growth hormone into synaptic vesicles in a rat neuronal (PC12) cell line. (1985)

We have introduced the gene for human growth hormone (hGH) into PC12 cells, a rat pheochromocytoma-derived cell line with neuronal characteristics, and have isolated stable cell lines that express this protein. hGH is stored within the cells in membrane-bounded vesicles that are indistinguishable from the endogenous catecholaminergic synaptic vesicles. When the transfected cells are stimulated by carbachol or direct depolarization, they release norepinephrine and hGH with parallel kinetics. Treatment of the transfected cells with nerve growth factor results in a twofold increase in the amounts of hGH stored in and secreted from the cells. Not all proteins are packaged into the synaptic vesicles, since the rate of release of laminin, a soluble secreted protein endogenous to PC12 cells, is not stimulated by carbachol. This neuronal cell line therefore possesses at least two distinct pathways for secretion and can selectively package a foreign endocrine hormone into the regulated pathway.
Rhodium(<scp>ii</scp>)-catalyzed intramolecular formal [4 + 3] cycloadditions of dienyltriazoles: rapid access to fused 2,5-dihydroazepines (2014)

Rhodium(II)-catalyzed intramolecular [4 + 3] cycloadditions of dienyltriazoles have been developed, which enable the efficient synthesis of various fused 2,5-dihydroazepines. Mechanistically, the titled reaction proceeds via an interesting tandem cyclopropanation/aza-cope rearrangement.
Max-Min Fair Beamforming for SWIPT Systems with Non-Linear EH Model (2017)

We study the beamforming design for multiuser systems with simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT). Employing a practical non-linear energy harvesting (EH) model, the design is formulated as a non-convex optimization problem for the maximization of the minimum harvested power across several energy harvesting receivers. The proposed problem formulation takes into account imperfect channel state information (CSI) and a minimum required signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). The globally optimal solution of the design problem is obtained via the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation approach. Interestingly, we can show that at most one dedicated energy beam is needed to achieve optimality. Numerical results demonstrate that with the proposed design a significant performance gain and improved fairness can be provided to the users compared to two baseline schemes.