gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isolation and sequence of the gene for actin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. (1980)

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is known to contain the highly conserved and unbiquitous protein actin. We have used cloned actin sequences from Dictyostelium discoideum to identify and clone the actin gene in yeast. Hybridization to genomic fragments of yeast DNA suggest that there is a single actin gene in yeast. We have determined the nucleotide sequence of that gene and its flanking regions. The sequence of the gene reveals an intervening sequence of 309 base pairs in the coding sequences at the 5' end of the gene. The existence and location of the intervening sequence was verified by using the dideoxy chain termination technique to determine the sequence at the 5' terminus of the actin mRNA. The similarity of the splice junction sequences in this gene to those found in higher eukaryotes suggests that yeast must possess a similar splicing enzyme.
Safety and Efficacy of Ulimorelin Administered Postoperatively to Accelerate Recovery of Gastrointestinal Motility Following Partial Bowel Resection (2013)

Although the efficacy of ulimorelin in reducing the duration of postoperative ileus was not demonstrated in these studies, intravenous ulimorelin at doses of 160 µg/kg and 480 µg/kg was generally well tolerated in postcolectomy patients. Similar to other promotility agents, ulimorelin may find an application in other indications better suited to its attributes.
Deep UV Mastering Using an All-Solid-State 266 nm Laser for an over 20 GBytes/Layer Capacity Disk (1999)

The deep UV mastering process of the next generation high density disk is demonstrated for the first time using an all-solid-state continuous-wave 266 nm laser. We have developed a novel deep UV master recorder with a laser source, and achieved a density of 20 Gbytes capacity (14 Gbit/inch 2 ) with acceptable jitter for the compact disk size.
A gm-C Ramp Generator for Voltage Feedforward Control of DC-DC Switching Regulators (2007)

A gm-C programmable-slope sawtooth generator for voltage feedforward control of DC-DC switchers is presented. Optimal feedforward is obtained by making the ramp amplitude proportional to the power input voltage PV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> . The input transistors of the generator operate on triode region, so that its small-signal transconductance depends linearly on their drain-source voltage, which is a scaled replica of PV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> , whereas showing better performance with respect to a standard differential pair in saturation. A saw-tooth waveform whose amplitude scales directly with PV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> is then available across the integrating capacitor. As part of a PWM-controlled synchronous buck regulator, the ramp generator is designed according to a SmartMOS process. A range of SPECTREcopy simulations attests the usefulness of the proposed circuit. Design parameters are 3V les PV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> les9V, 0 les I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">load</sub> les 2A, 200KHz les f <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">SW</sub> les 1MHz and V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> = 2.5V. Compatible with low-voltage requirements, the generator can operate at even lower V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> supply voltages. Following a transition on PV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">IN</sub> from 3V to 6V, a reduction of 76% and 50% on line regulation occurs as compared to PWM approaches with a fixed ramp and with voltage feedforward using an integrator with a differential pair in saturation, respectively.
Comparison of Fouling Mechanism by CaSO<sub>4</sub>and CaHPO<sub>4</sub>on Nanofiltration Membranes (2006)

Abstract We investigated the mechanism of CaSO4 and CaHPO4 scaling on nanofiltration membranes by observing the flux decline behavior. It was found that CaSO4 fouling contributed a greater resistance than CaHPO4 fouling under the same operating conditions. CaSO4 fouling was characterized by reversible cake growth caused by both bulk and surface crystallization at a lower operating pressure, and by surface crystallization at a higher operating pressure. CaHPO4 fouling was characterized by both irreversible pore/surface adsorption and reversible cake growth through surface crystallization regardless of operating conditions. These findings indicate that both fouling solutes and operating parameters should be considered when evaluating inorganic fouling of a nanofilter. Keywords: Nanofiltrationmembraneinorganic foulingcalcium sulfatecake formationbulk and surface crystallization Acknowledgements This study was funded in part by the Texas State University System's (TSUS) Sustainable Agricultural Water Conservation (SAWC) Program funded by the USDA through Sul Ross University, and by the Texas Hazardous Waste Research Center (THWRC). The financial support from the funding agencies is gratefully acknowledged. We would also like to thank the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments in the review process.
Blockchain-Based Security Model for LoRaWAN Firmware Updates (2022)

The Internet of Things (IoT) is changing the way consumers, businesses, and governments interact with the physical and cyber worlds. More often than not, IoT devices are designed for specific functional requirements or use cases without paying too much attention to security. Consequently, attackers usually compromise IoT devices with lax security to retrieve sensitive information such as encryption keys, user passwords, and sensitive URLs. Moreover, expanding IoT use cases and the exponential growth in connected smart devices significantly widen the attack surface. Despite efforts to deal with security problems, the security of IoT devices and the privacy of the data they collect and process are still areas of concern in research. Whenever vulnerabilities are discovered, device manufacturers are expected to release patches or new firmware to fix the vulnerabilities. There is a need to prioritize firmware attacks, because they enable the most high-impact threats that go beyond what is possible with traditional attacks. In IoT, delivering and deploying new firmware securely to affected devices remains a challenge. This study aims to develop a security model that employs Blockchain and the InterPlanentary File System (IPFS) to secure firmware transmission over a low data rate, constrained Long-Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN). The proposed security model ensures integrity, confidentiality, availability, and authentication and focuses on resource-constrained low-powered devices. To demonstrate the utility and applicability of the proposed model, a proof of concept was implemented and evaluated using low-powered devices. The experimental results show that the proposed model is feasible for constrained and low-powered LoRaWAN devices.
A case control and family based association study of the neuregulin1 gene and schizophrenia (2004)

Data from twin, family, and adoption studies provide strong evidence that genetic factors play a major aetiological role in schizophrenia. By a series of linkage studies, chromosome 8p has been implicated as a region harbouring a schizophrenia susceptibility gene.1–4 Recently, Stefansson and colleagues reported that neuregulin 1 (NRG1 ), located in 8p21-12, may be involved in the aetiology of schizophrenia.4,5 In their linkage and association studies, a 290 kb core at risk haplotype at the 5′ end of NRG1 was found to be strongly associated with schizophrenia in Icelandic and Scottish populations. This haplotype contains the first exon of NRG1 , which encodes a part of glial growth factor 2 ( GGF2 ). Deficiency of glial growth factors has been presumed to be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia.6 Futhermore, NRG1 mutant mice have fewer functional N-methyl D-aspartate(NMDA) receptors than wild type mice, and display stereotypic behavioural abnormalities similar to those of normal mice treated with the psychogenic drug phenylcyclidine.4

This core at risk haplotype was defined by five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP8NRG221132, SNP8NRG221533, SNP8NRG241930, SNP8NRG243177, SNP8NRG433E1006) and two microsatellites (478B14-848, 420M91395). The frequency of this haplotype in schizophrenic individuals was higher than in controls; in Icelandic samples the frequency was 15.4 (7.5%; p  =  0.000087).4 The first replication using Scottish samples revealed a similar result at 10.2 (5.9%; p  =  0.00031).5 Another replication performed by Williams et al with British or Irish samples used one SNP and the two microsatellites of the core at risk haplotype. However, the association was much weaker at 9.5 (7.5%; p  =  0.04).7 Yang et al reported other markers located in the middle of NRG1 and associated with schizophrenia, in a Chinese population.8 Another independent analysis using 13 microsatellites found two groups of haplotypes, which were significantly …
Preparation of Nano‐ and Microcapsules by Electrophoretic Polymer Assembly (2013)

Slipping into a comfortable routine: Multilayered polymer thin films were assembled on particles immobilized in agarose by electrophoresis on the basis of various interactions. Core removal then led to robust capsules with different polymer compositions (see fluorescence image). This approach enables the versatile and routine assembly of nanometer- and micron-sized capsules and coated particles with very few processing steps.
Evidence in Federal Criminal Trials (1942)

THE enactment of legislation empowering the Supreme Court of the United States to prescribe rules of pleading, practice and procedure in federal criminal trials represents the fulfillment of long cherished heliefs of law reformers that judicial procedure in criminal (as well as in civil) cases should be formulated by the judges themselves.The subsequent appointment of an Advisory Committee to submit a draft of proposed rules seems to render desirable at this time a reconsideration of some of the vexed problems relating to the rules of evidence governing criminal proceedings in federal courts.What are the sources of the present rules?In what respects have they been affected by existing legislation and by the course of judicial decision?How well have they worked in practice?Since the desire for uniformity was doubtless one of the principal motivating factors in the passage of the recent legislation, to what extent should the uniformity principle be translated into concrete form by the draft makers when they tackle problems relating to evidence?Would it be desirable, for example, to formulate a separate complete federal code of evidence?If not, would the formula embodied in Rule 43(a) of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure be serviceable in criminal cases as well?Or is it still feasible to have conformity to state law with resulting diversities among judicial districts?These are practical problems difficult of solution.It is in the hope, however, that a reexamination of the more pertinent available material on the subject may at least point the way to tentative answers that the present paper has been written. I.An understanding of the historical development of the present federal evidence rules in criminal trials seems a necessary prerequisite to their evaluation.Irregular and sporadic development from principles of conformity with state practice to a broad policy of uniformity among federal districts has carried them through a maze of ambiguous and conflicting judicial and legislative pronouncements.
Acousto‐ultrasonic evaluation of carbon‐carbon composites at different processing stages (1996)

Abstract The final form of a carbon‐carbon (C/C) composite is a consequence of a series of complex processing stages, during which significant changes occur in material microstructure and properties (thermal, physical, and mechanical). Owing to the uncertainties in the processing steps, material integrity and quality assurance is a matter of concern. The present study focuses on acousto‐ultrasonic (AU) evaluation of plain and eight‐harness (8H) satin weave fabric reinforced C/C composites. Studies pertaining to ex‐situ AU testing of C/C composites at various stages of processing are presented. The sensitivity of AU in identifying such defects as fiber breakage and misaligned fibers is also considered. AU signatures were interpreted in the time and frequency domains through well‐known approaches, such as measurement of stress wave factor (SWF) and spectral moment computation. The results indicated strong qualitative and quantitative correlations between the parameters obtained from time and frequency domain features of the AU signal and the evolving microstructure of carbon‐carbon at various processing stages. An important application of this work will be in the establishment of AU for in‐situ process monitoring of C/C composites.
Teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid of <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> possess identical chain structures (1993)

Teichoic acid (C polysaccharide) was extracted and purified from Streptococcus pneumoniae R6 with standard procedures except that lipoteichoic acid was extracted first. The dephosphorylated repeating unit was isolated after hydrolysis with 48% (by mass) HF, the bis(phosphocholine)-containing repeating unit was isolated by alkali hydrolysis, anion-exchange chromatography and phosphomonoester cleavage. On the basis of compositional analysis, fast-atom-bombardment mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy the following structure is proposed: [formula: see text] where AATGal is 2-acetamido-4-amino-2,4,6-trideoxy-D-galactose. The repeating units are linked to each other by phosphodiester bonds between O5 of the ribitol and O6 of the glucopyranosyl residue of adjacent units. This chain structure is identical with that previously established for pneumococcal lipoteichoic acid [Behr, T., Fischer, W., Peter-Katalinić, J. & Egge, H. (1992) Eur. J. Biochem. 207, 1063-1075]. This represents a unique situation because in other Gram-positive bacteria teichoic and lipoteichoic acids are structurally unrelated.
Structured channel estimation based decision feedback equalizers for sparse multipath channels with applications to digital TV receivers (2003)

In this paper, we investigate the performance of channel estimation based equalizers. We introduce two different channel estimation algorithms. Our first channel estimation scheme is a novel structured channel impulse response (CIR) estimation method for sparse multipath channels. The novel CIR estimation method was called blended least squares (BLS) which uses symbol rate sampled signals, based on blending the least squares based channel estimation and the correlation and thresholding based channel estimation methods. The second CIR estimation is called Variable thresholding (VT), and is based on improving the output of the correlation and thresholding based channel estimation method. We then use these two CIR estimates to calculate the decision feedback equalizer (DFE) tap weights. Simulation examples are drawn from the ATSC digital TV 8-VSB system. The delay spread for digital TV systems can be as long as several hundred times the symbol duration; however, digital TV channels are, in general, sparse where there are only a few dominant multipaths.
Discriminant analysis models for early detection of glaucomatous optic disc changes (2000)

Combining quantitative optic disc variables by discriminant analysis functions, the predictive power of semiautomatic quantitative optic nerve head evaluation can be improved by providing the ophthalmologist with a diagnostic score for the detection of glaucomatous optic nerve damage. Because of the pattern of glaucomatous neuroretinal rim loss, an optic disc sector based discriminant formula may have a higher diagnostic precision than other formulas in detecting early glaucomatous damage.
An efficient surface modification using 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine to control cell attachment via photochemical reaction in a microchannel (2010)

This report describes a direct approach for cell micropatterning in a closed glass microchannel. To control the cell adhesiveness inside the microchannel, the application of an external stimulus such as ultraviolet (UV) was indispensible. This technique focused on the use of a modified 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer, which is known to be a non-biofouling compound that is a photocleavable linker (PL), to localize cells via connection to an amino-terminated silanized surface. Using UV light illumination, the MPC polymer was selectively eliminated by photochemical reaction that controlled the cell attachment inside the microchannel. For suitable cell micropatterning in a microchannel, the optimal UV illumination time and concentration for cell suspension were investigated. After selective removal of the MPC polymer through the photomask, MC-3T3 E1 cells and vascular endothelial cells (ECs) were localized only to the UV-exposed area. In addition, the stability of patterned ECs was also confirmed by culturing for 2 weeks in a microchannel under flow conditions. Furthermore, we employed two different types of cells inside the same microchannel through multiple removal of the MPC polymer. ECs and Piccells were localized in both the upper and down streams of the microchannel, respectively. When the ECs were stimulated by adenosine triphosphate (ATP), NO was secreted from the ECs and could be detected by fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) in Piccells, which is a cell-based NO indicator. This technique can be a powerful tool for analyzing cell interaction research.
Recombinant Interleukin-8 Induces Changes in Cytosolic Ca2+ in Human Neutrophils (1992)

Activation of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) by most soluble stimulants is associated with a marked increase in cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i). Interleukin-8 (IL-8), a monocyte-derived neutrophil chemotactic factor and potent neutrophil-activating cytokine, effectively enhanced the resting free [Ca2+]i within human PMNL in a dose-dependent manner (maximal effect with 100 ng/mL). The increase in [Ca2+]i was substantially (55%) inhibited in the absence of extracellular Ca2+. Thus, the increase was due to extra- and intracellular cooperative mobilization of Ca2+, as supported by the reduced effect of IL-8 on [Ca2+]i after quenching with Mn2+. Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor and interferon-gamma failed to induce a change in [Ca2+]i, suggesting that they may operate through different signal pathways. Pretreatment with Bordetella pertussis toxin largely inhibited the IL-8-induced change in [Ca2+]i. Thus, IL-8-induced cooperative mobilization of intra- and extracellular Ca2+ leads to a net Ca2+ influx into the cytoplasm through a process mediated by a guanosine triphosphate-binding protein.
Nano-structured, semicrystalline polymer foams (1996)

Semicrystalline polymers gelled from thermally quenched semidilute solutions can, in some cases, be supercritically dried to produce nano-structured foams of exceedingly high specific surface area. This article investigates the nano-morphology of these semicrystalline foams. The common morphological feature that these systems display in small-angle scattering can be described by uncorrelated lamellar platelets. The morphological details, which can be obtained using microscopy and small-angle scattering, indicate that these low-density systems occupy a morphological niche between polymeric crystallites from dilute solutions, and spherulitic crystals derived from concentrated solutions and melts. Because these crystalline morphologies occur in concentration ranges between dilute and concentrated, they may offer simple insight into the mechanisms available for distortion of ideal, dilute-solution-derived crystallites as polymer concentration is increased. Several mechanisms for the observed distortions are proposed. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Regulation of early cholesterol biosynthesis in rat liver: Effects of sterols, bile acids, lovastatin, and BM 15.766 on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A synthase and acetoacetyl coenzyme A thiolase activities (1998)

Cytosolic 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) synthase catalyzes the formation of HMG-CoA, the substrate for the rate-controlling enzyme in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. To explore the regulation in liver, we developed a new, accurate, and reliable reversed-phase ion-pair chromatographic assay that uses nonradioactive substrates and n-propionyl coenzyme A as an internal recovery standard. The hepatic activities were measured in rats treated with cholesterol, sitosterol, cholic acid, deoxycholic acid, ursodeoxycholic acid, cholestyramine, bile fistula, lovastatin, and BM 15.766, an inhibitor of 7-dehydrocholesterol delta7-reductase, and were compared with microsomal HMG-CoA reductase and cytosolic acetoacetyl coenzyme A (AcAc-CoA) thiolase activities. HMG-CoA synthase activity was effectively suppressed in synchrony with HMG-CoA reductase activity by treatments with cholesterol (-41%, P < .05), cholic acid (-72%, P < .005), and deoxycholic acid (-62%, P < .05). However, ursodeoxycholic acid increased activity 84% (P < .05) and intravenous sitosterol did not change activity. AcAc-CoA thiolase activities also paralleled HMG-CoA reductase and HMG-CoA synthase activities, but differences were not statistically significant. In contrast to inhibition, up-regulation of hepatic HMG-CoA synthase activities by cholestyramine, bile fistula, and lovastatin was much less than HMG-CoA reductase activities. In addition, BM 15.766 did not stimulate synthase activity, whereas lovastatin increased activity 2.4-fold. Thus, hepatic HMG-CoA synthase activity was regulated coordinately with HMG-CoA reductase, and responded more forcefully to regulatory stimuli than acetoacetyl-CoA thiolase activity but usually less than HMG-CoA reductase.
Who are the Navigators? (2007)

The 2007 Annual General Meeting of the Royal Institute of Navigation was particularly significant; not only did it celebrate the 60 th anniversary of the founding, but also celebrated the granting of the Royal Charter of Incorporation to the Institute by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II. Our President, Professor David Last, marked the occasion with his Presidential Address which is recorded here.