gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Supramolecular Microgels Fabricated from Supramonomers (2016)

This letter describes a new method for fabricating supramolecular microgels from supramonomers. To this end, we designed and assembled supramonomers with one acrylate moiety on each end on the basis of noncovalent host-guest interactions, which could be utilized as a cross-linker. Then supramolecular microgels were fabricated through the copolymerization of supramonomers and <i>N</i>-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm). The supramolecular microgels not only showed temperature-responsive properties as expected from conventional PNIPAm-based microgels but also exhibited stimuli-responsive and degradable properties benefiting from the dynamic nature of supramonomers. In addition, it was found that the degradation kinetics of the supramolecular microgels was related greatly to the structure of the microgels, providing a way to tune the degradation kinetics of the supramolecular microgels. Various supramolecular microgels with desired structure and function are supposed to be facilely fabricated from supramonomers. It is anticipated that the supramolecular microgels can enrich the application of microgels by easily endowing the microgels with stimuli-responsive and degradable properties.
Topological effects in nanomagnetism: from superparamagnetism to chiral quantum solitons (2012)

Micromagnetics has been the method of choice to interpret experimental data in the area of microscopic magnetism for several decades. In this article, we show how progress has been made to extend this formalism to include thermal and quantum fluctuations in order to describe recent experimental developments in nanoscale magnetism. For experimental systems with constrained dimensions such as nanodots, atomic chains, nanowires, and thin films, topological defects such as solitons, vortices, skyrmions, and monopoles start to play an increasingly important role, all forming novel types of quasiparticles in patterned low-dimensional magnetic systems. We discuss in detail how soliton–antisoliton pairs of opposite chirality form non-uniform energy barriers against thermal fluctuations in nanowires or pillars. As a consequence of their low barrier energy compared to uniform reversal, they limit the thermal stability of perpendicular recording media. For sufficiently short samples, the non-uniform energy barrier continuously merges into the conventional uniform Néel–Brown barrier. Partial formation of chiral domain walls also determines the magnetic properties of granular nanostructured magnets and exchange spring systems. For a long time, the reconciliation between micromagnetics and quantum mechanics has remained an unresolved challenge. Here it is demonstrated how inclusion of Berry's phase in a micromagnetic action allows for a semiclassical quantization of spin systems, a method that is demonstrated by the simple example of an easy-plane spin. This powerful method allows for a description of quantum dynamics of solitons and breathers which in the latter case agrees with the anisotropic spin-½ XYZ-model. The domain wall or soliton chirality plays an important role as it is coupled to the wavevector of the quasiparticle dispersion. We show how this quantum soliton chirality is detected by polarized neutron scattering in one-dimensional quantum antiferromagnets.
EVOLUTION OF NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS IN LIVER TRANSPLANTATION: FREQUENCY AND COMPARATIVE OUTCOMES OF THE SRTR DATABASE (2010)

Charlton, M. R.; Burns, J. M.; Heimbach, J.; Watt, K.; Pedersen, R.; Dierkhising, R. Author Information
Na-Doping Effects on Thermoelectric Properties of Cu2−xSe Nanoplates (2017)

For this work, a β-phase Cu2−xSe nanowire and nanoplate, and a Na-doped Cu2−xSe nanoplate were successfully synthesized using solution syntheses. The morphologies of the Cu2−xSe nanowire and nanoplate could be easily controlled by changing the synthetic condition. The Na-doped Cu2−xSe nanoplate was prepared by a simple treatment of the Cu2−xSe nanoplate with a sodium hydroxide-ethylene glycol solution. The nanopowders were then consolidated to bulk materials using spark plasma sintering (SPS). The phase structure and the microstructure of all of the samples were checked using X-ray diffraction (XRD), high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM), and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analyses. The thermoelectric transport properties, such as the electrical conductivity, Seebeck coefficient, carrier concentration, carrier mobility, and thermal conductivity, were measured at temperature ranges from 323 to 673 K. The results show that Na played two important roles: one is reducing the carrier concentration, thereby improving the Seebeck coefficient, the other is reducing the thermal conductivity. Overall, the maximum thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) of 0.24 was achieved at 673 K in the Na-doped Cu2−xSe nanoplate.
Cannabinoids ablate release of TNFα in rat microglial cells stimulated with lypopolysaccharide (2002)

Upon activation, brain microglial cells release proinflammatory mediators, such as TNFalpha, which may play an important role in eliciting neuroinflammatory processes causing brain damage. As cannabinoids have been reported to exert anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective actions in the brain, we here examined the effect of both synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids on TNFalpha release elicited by bacterial endotoxin lypopolysaccharide (LPS) in cultured microglia. Exposure of primary cultures of rat cortical microglial cells to LPS significantly stimulated TNFalpha mRNA expression and release. The endogenous cannabinoids anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol (2-AG), as well as the synthetic cannabinoids (+)WIN 55,212-2, CP 55,940, and HU210, inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner (1-10 microM) the LPS-induced TNFalpha release. Unlike the high-affinity cannabinoid receptor agonist (+)WIN 55,212-2, the low-affinity stereoisomer (-)WIN 55,212-2 did not exert any significant inhibition on TNFalpha release. Given this stereoselectivity, the ability of (+)WIN 55,212-2 to inhibit LPS-induced TNFalpha release from microglia is most likely receptor-mediated. By RT-PCR we found that the two G(i/o) protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors (type 1 and 2) are both expressed in microglial cultures. However, selective antagonists of type 1 (SR141716A and AM251) and type 2 (SR144528) cannabinoid receptors did not affect the effect of (+)WIN 55,212-2. Consistent with this finding is the observation that the ablative effect of (+)WIN 55,212-2 on LPS-evoked release of TNFalpha was not sensitive to the G(i/o) protein inactivator pertussis toxin. In addition, the cAMP elevating agents dibutyryl cAMP and forskolin both abolished LPS-induced TNFalpha release, thus rendering unlikely the possibility that (+)WIN 55,212-2 could ablate TNFalpha release through the inhibition of adenylate cyclase via the G(i)-coupled cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2. In summary, our data indicate that both synthetic and endogenous cannabinoids inhibit LPS-induced release of TNFalpha from microglial cells. By showing that such effect does not appear to be mediated by either CB receptor type 1 or 2, we provide evidence suggestive of the existence of yet unidentified cannabinoid receptor(s) in brain microglia.
Absolute stereochemistry of the fungal product, Wortmannin (1972)

J. MacMillan, T. J. Simpson and S. K. Yeboah, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1972, 1063 DOI: 10.1039/C39720001063
Secure attribute services on the web (1999)

Increased integration of Web, operating system, and database system technologies will lead to continued reliance on Web technology for enterprise computing. Therefore, a successful marriage of the Web and security technologies has the potential for considerable impact on large-scale systems and their deployment. 
The motivation behind this research is to protect attributes from possible attacks on the Web. An attribute is a particular property of an entity, such as a role, access identity, group, or clearance. If attributes are provided integrity, authentication, and confidentiality on the Web, Web servers can then use these secure attributes for many purposes, for instance, access control, authorization, authentication, or electronic transactions. 
This dissertation identifies the user-pull and server-pull models for secure at tribute services on the Web. It describes the development of novel enhancements, called secure cookies and smart certificates, to existing Web technologies to provide improved security services on the Web. To demonstrate concrete examples of secure attribute services and show feasibility of these novel techniques, secure cookies and smart certificates are used (separately) to implement role-based access control on the Web.
[Direct antitumor activity of biological response modifiers (B.R.M.) proven by an in vitro sensitivity test]. (1984)

Although the role of biological response modifiers in cancer therapy is well recognised, their mechanism of action remains unsettled. It is empirically considered that there may be some direct antitumor effects induced by some BRM. To analyse the mechanism of action, we evaluated the effects of BRM by using our in vitro sensitivity test, the principle of which was based on dynamic and morphological observation of target cells in vitro. Five kinds of BRM (OK-432, PSK, N-CWS, Bestatin, Lentinan) were tested and the target cell lines were L1210 and P388. The results showed that OK-432 and PSK were mildly cytotoxic, and that OK-432, PSK and Bestatin were effective for cell growth suppression.
Immunocytochemistry on the Localization of 5-Hydroxytryptamine in Monkey and Rabbit Taste Buds (1987)

Immuno-electron microscopy with the protein A-gold method demonstrated immunoreactive gold particles against 5-hydroxytryptamine localized in cored vesicles aggregating around presynaptic terminals of the gustatory cells in monkey and rabbit taste buds. The positive reactions were also found in the intragemmal and subepithelial nerve fibers. The role of these cored vesicles in taste transduction is still uncertain but the data strongly suggest that they may participate in a serotonergic modulation of a cholinergic synaptic transmission from the gustatory cells to the nerve endings.
Methyl gallate, methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxy-benzoate, is a potent and highly specific inhibitor of herpes simplex virus <i>in vitro</i>. I. Purification and characterization of methyl gallate from <i>Sapium sebiferum</i> (1988)

A potent anti-herpetic compound was identified and purified to homogeneity from the leaves of Sapium sebiferum by plaque reduction assay using herpes simplex virus type 2. The chemical structure of the purified compound was determined by mass spectroscopy and proton and carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance as methyl gallate, methyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate. This is the first demonstration that methyl gallate is a potent anti-herpetic compound in vitro, present in high concentration in the leaves of S. sebiferum, a Chinese folk medicine for shingles.
Selective growth of boron nitride nanotubes by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at low substrate temperature (2008)

Hexagonal boron nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) were synthesized at a low substrate temperature of 800 °C on nickel (Ni) coated oxidized Si(111) wafers in a microwave plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition system (MPCVD) by decomposition and reaction of gas mixtures consisting of B(2)H(6)-NH(3)-H(2). The 1D BN nanostructures grew preferentially on Ni catalyst islands with a small thickness only. In situ mass spectroscopic analysis and optical emission spectroscopy were used to identify the gas reactions responsible for the BNNT formation. The morphology and structural properties of the deposits were analyzed by SEM, TEM, EDX, SAD and Raman spectroscopy. The growth mechanism of the BNNTs was identified.
Impaired megakaryopoiesis and behavioral defects in<i>mafG</i>-null mutant mice (1998)

The small Maf proteins (MafG, MafK, and MafF), which serve as heterodimeric partner molecules of CNC family proteins for binding in vitro to MARE sites, have been implicated in the regulation of both transcription and chromatin structure, but there is no current evidence that the proteins fulfill these functions in vivo. To elucidate possible contributions of the small Maf proteins to gene regulation, we have ablated the mafG and mafK genes in mice by replacing their entire coding sequences with the Escherichia coli lacZ gene. mafG homozygous mutant animals exhibit impaired platelet formation accompanied by megakaryocyte proliferation, as well as behavioral abnormalities, whereas mafK-null mutant mice are phenotypically normal. Characterization of the mafG and mafK embryonic expression patterns show that their developmental programs are distinct and intersecting, but not entirely overlapping. These results provide direct evidence that the small Maf transcription factors are vital participants in embryonic development and cellular differentiation.
A clinical study of risk factors related to malware infections (2013)

The success of malicious software (malware) depends upon both technical and human factors. The most security conscious users are vulnerable to zero-day exploits; the best security mechanisms can be circumvented by poor user choices. While there has been significant research addressing the technical aspects of malware attack and defense, there has been much less research reporting on how human behavior interacts with both malware and current malware defenses.
Ultra-strong light–matter coupling for designer Reststrahlen band (2014)

The strength of the light–matter interaction depends on the number of dipoles that can couple with the photon trapped in an optical cavity. The coupling strength can thus be maximized by filling the entire cavity volume with an ensemble of interacting dipoles. In this work this is achieved by inserting a highly doped semiconductor layer in a subwavelength plasmonic resonator. In our system the ultra-strong light–matter coupling occurs between a collective electronic excitation and the cavity photon. The measured coupling strength is 73% of the matter excitation energy, the highest ever reported for a light–matter coupled system at room temperature. We experimentally and theoretically demonstrate that such an ultra-strong interaction modifies the optical properties on a very wide spectral range (20–250 meV), and results in the appearance of a photonic gap of 38 meV, independently of the light polarization and angle of incidence. Light–matter ultra-strong coupling can thus be exploited to conceive metasurfaces with an engineered reflectivity band.
Electronically conductive polymer fibers with mesoscopic diameters show enhanced electronic conductivities (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTElectronically conductive polymer fibers with mesoscopic diameters show enhanced electronic conductivitiesZhihua Cai and Charles R. MartinCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 11, 4138–4139Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00193a077https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00193a077research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1738Altmetric-Citations307LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Generalized phase-shifting interferometry (1991)

We describe a generalized phase-shifting interferometry for which the reference phases are directly evaluated at each time that the interference fringe data are read. The reference phases are obtained from the additional straight fringes on the interfering plane by the fast-Fourier-transform method. According to error estimation, the repeatabilities in the measurements of optical surfaces are λ/500 rms, when the generalized algorithm with eight data acquisitions is used.
Enzymatic esterification and de-esterification of carbohydrates: synthesis of a naturally occurring rhamnopyranoside of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and a systematic investigation of lipase-catalysed acylation of selected arylpyranosides (1995)

The regiocontrolled esterification and de-esterification of mono- and di-saccharides is reviewed. New results involving the enzyme-catalysed regioselective acylation of ribo-110, arabino-112, 119, xylo-111, and rhamnopyranosides 116, 118(as well as two arylpyranosides 125 and 136), are reported. This methodology is then applied to the total synthesis of the naturally occurring rhamnopyranoside 4-(4-O-acetyl-α-L-rhamnosyloxy)benzaldehyde 122.
Scaling up inductive algorithms: an overview (1997)

This paper establishes common ground for researchers addressing the challenge of scaling up inductive data mining algorithms to very large databases, and for practitioners who want to understand the state of the art. We begin with a discussion of important, but often tacit, issues related to scaling up. We then overview existing methods, categorizing them into three main approaches. Finally, we use the overview to recommend how to proceed when dealing with a large problem and where future research efforts should be focused.
GaAs Nanowire Array Solar Cells with Axial p–i–n Junctions (2014)

Because of unique structural, optical, and electrical properties, solar cells based on semiconductor nanowires are a rapidly evolving scientific enterprise. Various approaches employing III-V nanowires have emerged, among which GaAs, especially, is under intense research and development. Most reported GaAs nanowire solar cells form p-n junctions in the radial direction; however, nanowires using axial junction may enable the attainment of high open circuit voltage (Voc) and integration into multijunction solar cells. Here, we report GaAs nanowire solar cells with axial p-i-n junctions that achieve 7.58% efficiency. Simulations show that axial junctions are more tolerant to doping variation than radial junctions and lead to higher Voc under certain conditions. We further study the effect of wire diameter and junction depth using electrical characterization and cathodoluminescence. The results show that large diameter and shallow junctions are essential for a high extraction efficiency. Our approach opens up great opportunity for future low-cost, high-efficiency photovoltaics.
High-Level and Ubiquitous Expression of the Rice Cytochrome<i>c</i>Gene<i>OsCc1</i>and Its Promoter Activity in Transgenic Plants Provides a Useful Promoter for Transgenesis of Monocots (2002)

Expression patterns of a rice (Oryza sativa) cytochrome c gene OsCc1 and its promoter activity were characterized in transgenic rice plants. OsCc1 transcripts accumulate in most cell types, but to varying levels. Large amounts of OsCc1 transcripts are found in the roots, calli, and suspension cells, but relatively lower in mature leaves, demonstrating its higher levels of expression in non-photosynthetic tissues. Unlike the human cytochrome c gene, which is responsive to cAMP, OsCc1 expression is not enhanced in various rice tissues after dibutyryl cAMP treatments. OsCc1 promoter was linked to the sgfp gene and its activities in different tissues and cell types of transgenic rice plants were analyzed in comparison with the Act1 and RbcS promoters. OsCc1 promoter directs expression in virtually all organs of transgenic plants including roots, leaves, calli, embryos, and suspension cells, showing a particularly high activity in calli and roots. Activity of the OsCc1 promoter was 3-fold higher than Act1 in calli and roots and comparable with RbcS in leaves, representing a useful alternative to the maize (Zea mays) Ubi1 and the rice Act1 promoters for transgene expression in monocots.
TCP Pacing in Data Center Networks (2013)

This paper studies the effectiveness of TCP pacing in a data center setting. TCP senders inject bursts of packets into the network at the beginning of each round-trip time. These bursts stress the network queues which may cause loss, reduction in throughput and increased latency. Such undesirable effects become more pronounced in data center environments where traffic is bursty in nature and buffer sizes are small. TCP pacing is believed to reduce the burstiness of TCP traffic and to mitigate the impact of small buffering in routers. Unfortunately, current research literature has not always agreed on the overall benefits of pacing. In this paper, we present a model for the effectiveness of pacing. Our model demonstrates that for a given buffer size, as the number of concurrent flows are increased beyond a Point of Inflection (PoI), non-paced TCP outperforms paced TCP. We present a lower bound for the PoI and argue that increasing the number of concurrent flows beyond the PoI, increases inter-flow burstiness of paced packets and diminishes the effectiveness of pacing.
Blockade of nocebo hyperalgesia by the cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide (1997)

In patients who reported mild postoperative pain, we evoked a nocebo response, a phenomenon equal but opposite to placebo. Patients who gave informed consent to increase their pain for 30 min received a substance known to be non-hyperalgesic (saline solution) and were told that it produced a pain increase. A nocebo effect was observed when saline was administered. However, if a dose of 0.5 or 5 mg of the cholecystokinin antagonist proglumide was added to the saline solution, the nocebo effect was abolished. A dose of 0.05 mg of proglumide was ineffective. The blockade of the nocebo hyperalgesic response was not reversed by 10 mg of naloxone. These results suggest that cholecystokinin mediates pain increase in the nocebo response and that proglumide blocks nocebo through mechanisms not involving opioids. Since the nocebo procedure represents an anxiogenic stimulus and previous studies showed a role for cholecystokinin in anxiety, we suggest that nocebo hyperalgesia may be due to a cholecystokinin-dependent increase of anxiety.
BlueWall: Software defined network management in hybrid enterprise cloud environments (2017)

Presented BlueWall: Software Defined Network Management in Hybrid Enterprise Cloud Environments for managing firewall request when servers (or services) are created (via APIs). Demonstrated hybrid network management design and self-service capabilities. Discussed challenges arising in network management in the hybrid enterprise cloud environments.
A new method for <i>N</i>‐alkylation of imidazoles and benzimidazoles (1983)

Eine neue Methode zur N ‐Alkylierung von Imidazolen und Benzimidazolen Die N ‐Alkylierung von Imidazolen und Benzimidazolen in Zwei‐Phasen‐Systemen (flüssig/flüssig und flüssig/fest) wird beschrieben.
Interhospital transfer due to failed prehospital diagnosis for primary percutaneous coronary intervention: an observational study on incidence, predictors, and clinical impact (2013)

Despite an often-diagnostic electrocardiogram, interhospital transfer after failed prehospital diagnosis occurred in 15% of STEMI patients undergoing primary PCI. Interhospital transfer was a major predictor of ischemic time and 1-year mortality was significantly higher. Continuing efforts to optimize prehospital triage are warranted, especially among patients at higher risk of failed prehospital diagnosis.