gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fermentation of long-chain compounds by <i>Torulopsis</i> <i>apicola</i>. IV. Products from esters and hydrocarbons with 14 and 15 carbon atoms and from methyl palmitoleate (1968)

Esters and hydrocarbons, containing 14 and 15 carbon atoms, are converted to the hydroxy fatty acid portions of glycosides by Torulopsis apicola in yields of 10–20%. When C-15 compounds are fermented, almost half of the hydroxy acids which are produced are 16-hydroxy C-17 acids. The carbon chain of the substrate is first lengthened by two carbon atoms and then hydroxylated. Direct hydroxylation also occurs, to a lesser extent, giving both 14-hydroxy- and 15-hydroxypentadecanoic acids. Similar results are obtained when C-14 compounds are used. Lengthening of the chain followed by hydroxylation gives rise to hydroxy C-16 acids and direct hydroxylation produces 13-hydroxy- and 14-hydroxytetradecanoic acids. Primary and secondary C-14 and C-15 alcohols were also isolated from the products of hydrocarbon fermentation (2.5–5 % yield). Methyl palmitoleate is converted to hydroxy fatty acids in yields of 40–70%, the major component of which is 16-hydroxy-cis-9-hexadecenoic acid.
Asymmetric Friedel−Crafts Alkylations of Indoles with Nitroalkenes Catalyzed by Zn(II)−Bisoxazoline Complexes (2005)

[reaction: see text] A novel asymmetric Friedel-Crafts alkylation of indoles with nitroalkenes catalyzed by Zn(II)-bisoxazoline complexes has been developed. The nitroalkylated indoles are synthesized in excellent yields and high enantioselectivities (up to 90% ee). The effects of ligand structure, metal salt, and solvent on the reaction are discussed. The substrates of the reaction can be aromatic, heteroaromatic, and even aliphatic nitroalkenes. The high reactivity and selectivity of the reaction are presumptively attributed to the activation and asymmetric induction of chiral Lewis acids coordinated by nitroalkene substrates through a 1,3-metal bonding model.
A Cost-Efficient Cloud Gaming System at Scale (2018)

This article proposes a transparent gaming (TG) cloud system that allows users to play any popular high-end desktop game on the fly over the Internet. Toward this goal, we have introduced the TG-SHARE technology to share the underlying hardware capabilities, particularly for the GPU and the dedicated compression acceleration unit (XCODER). TG-SHARE utilizes offthe- shelf consumer GPUs without resorting to expensive proprietary GPU virtualization technology (e.g., GRID from NVIDIA). XCODER adapts the compression based on the network dynamics, learned gaming behaviors, and hardware resources to significantly reduce bandwidth consumption. Google's webRTC protocol is integrated to offer real-time interaction and ubiquitous access from heterogeneous devices. Compared to the existing cloud gaming vendor using the GRID technology, our TG-SHARE not only reduces the expense per user (i.e., 75 percent hardware cost reduction, 20-40 percent network cost reduction), but also improves the quality of experience with higher rate of frames per second (i.e., 2 x FPS).
Traditional Medicinal Plants of Rarotonga, Cook Islands. Part II (1991)

AbstractThe Cook Islands are a group of widely scattered small South Pacific islands and atolls in the centre of the Polynesian triangle. They lie between latitudes 8° and 23° S. The southern Cooks, which include Rarotonga, are high islands of volcanic origin whilst the northern Cooks are low coral atolls. The southern Cooks are almost 2,000 miles northeast of New Zealand and lie between Tonga and Samoa to the west with Tahiti and French Polynesia to the east. The total population of the Cook Islands is around 20,000, of whom about a half live on the island of Rarotonga.
Blue NA 0.85/DVD/CD compatible optical head (2003)

In high density optical disk systems employing blue laser diodes, high NA (numerical aperture) objective lenses and thin cover layer disks, compatibility with conventional DVDs and CDs is strongly required. The authors have previously proposed a blue/DVD/CD compatible optical head, whose NA for the blue optical disk is 0.7. On the other hand, NA 0.85 single objective lenses have also become available, which are suitable for the compatibility requirements because of the long working distance. So, this paper further proposes a blue/DVD/CD compatible optical head, whose NA for the blue optical disk is 0.85. In order to realize the compatibility between different types of disks, it is necessary to correct the spherical aberration and control the NA for each disk. In this three-wavelength optical head, the spherical aberration is corrected by variable magnification, and the NA is controlled by a wavelength selective aperture.
Novel Conjugated Organic Dyes for Efficient Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells (2005)

Abstract Novel conjugated organic dyes that have N , N ‐dimethylaniline (DMA) moieties as the electron donor and a cyanoacetic acid (CAA) moiety as the electron acceptor were developed for use in dye‐sensitized nanocrystalline‐TiO 2 solar cells (DSSCs). We attained a maximum solar‐energy‐to‐electricity conversion efficiency (η) of 6.8 % under AM 1.5 irradiation (100 mW cm –2 ) with a DSSC based on 2‐cyano‐7,7‐bis(4‐dimethylamino‐phenyl)hepta‐2,4,6‐trienoic acid (NKX‐2569): short‐circuit photocurrent density ( J sc ) = 12.9 mA cm –2 , open‐circuit voltage ( V oc ) = 0.71 V, and fill factor ( ff ) = 0.74. The high performance of the solar cells indicated that highly efficient electron injection from the excited dyes to the conduction band of TiO 2 occurred. The experimental and calculated Fourier‐transform infrared (FT‐IR) absorption spectra clearly showed that these dyes were adsorbed on the TiO 2 surface with the carboxylate coordination form. A molecular‐orbital calculation indicated that the electron distribution moved from the DMA moiety to the CAA moiety by photoexcitation of the dye.
Perioperative course and accuracy of screw positioning in conventional, open robotic-guided and percutaneous robotic-guided, pedicle screw placement (2011)

Robotic-guided and percutaneous pedicle screw placement are emerging technologies. We here report a retrospective cohort analysis comparing conventional open to open robotic-guided and percutaneous robotic-guided pedicle screw placement. 112 patient records and CT scans were analyzed concerning the intraoperative and perioperative course. 35 patients underwent percutaneous, 20 open robotic-guided and 57 open conventional pedicle screw placement. 94.5% of robot-assisted and 91.4% of conventionally placed screws were found to be accurate. Percutaneous robotic and open robotic-guided subgroups did not differ obviously. Average X-ray exposure per screw was 34 s in robotic-guided compared to 77 s in conventional cases. Subgroup analysis indicates that percutaneously operated patients required less opioids, had a shorter hospitalization and lower rate of adverse events in the perioperative period. The use of robotic guidance significantly increased accuracy of screw positioning while reducing the X-ray exposure. Patients seem to have a better perioperative course following percutaneous procedures.
An Intergenic Region Shared by At4g35985 and At4g35987 in Arabidopsis thaliana Is a Tissue Specific and Stress Inducible Bidirectional Promoter Analyzed in Transgenic Arabidopsis and Tobacco Plants (2013)

On chromosome 4 in the Arabidopsis genome, two neighboring genes (calmodulin methyl transferase At4g35987 and senescence associated gene At4g35985) are located in a head-to-head divergent orientation sharing a putative bidirectional promoter. This 1258 bp intergenic region contains a number of environmental stress responsive and tissue specific cis-regulatory elements. Transcript analysis of At4g35985 and At4g35987 genes by quantitative real time PCR showed tissue specific and stress inducible expression profiles. We tested the bidirectional promoter-function of the intergenic region shared by the divergent genes At4g35985 and At4g35987 using two reporter genes (GFP and GUS) in both orientations in transient tobacco protoplast and Agro-infiltration assays, as well as in stably transformed transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco plants. In transient assays with GFP and GUS reporter genes the At4g35985 promoter (P85) showed stronger expression (about 3.5 fold) compared to the At4g35987 promoter (P87). The tissue specific as well as stress responsive functional nature of the bidirectional promoter was evaluated in independent transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco lines. Expression of P85 activity was detected in the midrib of leaves, leaf trichomes, apical meristemic regions, throughout the root, lateral roots and flowers. The expression of P87 was observed in leaf-tip, hydathodes, apical meristem, root tips, emerging lateral root tips, root stele region and in floral tissues. The bidirectional promoter in both orientations shows differential up-regulation (2.5 to 3 fold) under salt stress. Use of such regulatory elements of bidirectional promoters showing spatial and stress inducible promoter-functions in heterologous system might be an important tool for plant biotechnology and gene stacking applications.
Fingerprint Image Enhancement with Second Derivative Gaussian Filter and Directional Wavelet Transform (2010)

In this paper, we propose a technique for enhancing the quality of fingerprint images. Directional wavelet transform and second derivative of a Gaussian filter are applied. The original fingerprint image is decomposed into approximation and detail sub-images. To each sub-dimension a directional filter: second derivative of Gaussian filter is applied for tuning up the image features. The enhanced image is measured for its improvement by testing the success of core point identification where Poincare technique is used. The commonly-well-known database FVC-2004 is used in this study. The obtained results offer clean visualization as well as the increase the success of true core point detection.
A micromachining technique for a thin silicon membrane using merged epitaxial lateral overgrowth of silicon and SiO/sub 2/ for an etch-stop (2002)

A micromachining technology using merged epitaxial lateral overgrowth (MELO) of silicon, combined with SiO/sub 2/ as an etch-stop, was developed. When epitaxial lateral overgrowth (ELO) silicon merges on top of SiO/sub 2/ islands, it forms a local silicon-on-insulator (SOI) film which can be transformed into a thin silicon diaphragm needed for micromechanical sensors. The SiO/sub 2/ islands then act as a near-perfect etch-stop during back etching due to its negligible etch rate in KOH- or ethylenediamine-based solution. This technique permits the formation of both transducers and transistor structures in the same film since it does not require a highly doped film for the etch-stop. The diaphragm thickness is controlled by the epitaxial silicon growth rate ( approximately=0.1 mu m/min) rather than by traditional etching techniques. A single-crystal silicon diaphragm 9 mu m thick and 250 mu m*1000 mu m was realized. Diodes fabricated in the MELO silicon showed characteristics similar to those in bulk silicon, including reverse bias leakage currents.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamic gadolinium‐enhanced three‐dimensional abdominal MR arteriography (1993)

The abdominal aorta and renal, visceral, and iliac arteries were evaluated in 16 patients with three-dimensional Fourier transform imaging enhanced with gadopentetate dimeglumine. By imaging dynamically during the arterial phase of a 5-minute injection (0.2 mmol/kg), highly significant (P < .0001) preferential arterial enhancement (signal-to-noise ratio +/- standard deviation, 10 +/- 0.9), with minimal enhancement of the inferior vena cava (5.1 +/- 1.4) or background tissues (fat, 4.3 +/- 0.7; muscle, 2.4 +/- 0.5), was achieved in every patient. In six patients with angiographic and/or surgical correlation, 10 of 10 stenoses and two of two occlusions were correctly identified. No in-plane saturation or pulsatility artifact was identified in any of the 16 patients. In conclusion, dynamic imaging during the injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine is a promising technique for evaluation of the abdominal aorta and branch vessels.
Determination of the branch-point energy of InN: Chemical trends in common-cation and common-anion semiconductors (2008)

Bulk and surface electronic properties of Si-doped InN are investigated using high-resolution x-ray photoemission spectroscopy, optical absorption spectroscopy, and quasiparticle corrected density functional theory calculations. The branch point energy in InN is experimentally determined to lie $1.83\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.10\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{eV}$ above the valence-band maximum. This high position relative to the band edges is used to explain the extreme fundamental electronic properties of the material. Far from being anomalous, these properties are reconciled within chemical trends of common-cation and common-anion semiconductors.
Methods of reducing rhizoctonia patch of cereals in Western Australia (1985)

Cultivation reduced rhizoctonia patch of cereals. In a continuous cropping experiment where zero‐tillage and cultivation were compared over three seasons, cultivation reduced patch score in all seasons by an average of 83%. In the fourth season, when the treatments were reversed, the incidence of rhizoctonia patch was also reversed. Nitrogen (ammonium sulphate, sodium nitrate or urea) also reduced patch score under zero‐tillage, but sources of nitrogen did not differ significantly in their effects. In another experiment it was demonstrated that a contact herbicide used in the zero‐tillage system was unlikely to be responsible for the high incidence of patch in that system. One cultivation reduced total patch score by an average of 46% compared to zero‐tillage, but these scores were not reduced further by a second cultivation.
The Cooperative Roles of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Hypertension (2013)

Pharmacologic interventions for hypertensive patients will need to exploit this robust bidirectional relationship between ROS generation and immune activation in cardiovascular control organs to maximize therapeutic benefit, while limiting off-target side effects.
Preparation of Casein Films by a Modified Wet Spinning Process (1997)

ABSTRACT Casein films prepared by a modified wet‐spinning process were studied using microscopy and measurements of physico‐chemical and mechanical characteristics. The pH of the film‐forming solution was critical for film properties. The most effective films were formed with pH 9 film‐forming solutions. They had low solubility in water and highest tensile strength (4.5 MPa), highest percentage elongation at break (68.6%) and lowest water vapor permeability (3.9 10 ‐10 g.m ‐1 .s ‐1 .Pa ‐1 ) values. Scanning electron micrographs revealed that those films had a denser ultrastructure than the others.
Purification and properties of a novel xyloglucan-specific endo-(1----4)-beta-D-glucanase from germinated nasturtium seeds (Tropaeolum majus L.). (1986)

Endo-(1----4)-beta-D-glucanase activity has previously been detected in the cotyledons of germinated nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.) seeds, and has been linked to the hydrolysis in vivo of storage xyloglucan (amyloid) (Edwards, M., Dea, I. C. M., Bulpin, P. V., and Reid, J. S. G. (1985) Planta (Berl.) 163, 133-140). Extracts from the cotyledons of 14-day seedlings are now shown to contain a single endo-glucanase activity, and it has been purified to apparent homogeneity by sequential anion-exchange chromatography, cation-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The purified enzyme gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing. The isoelectric point was 5.0, the pH optimum 4.5-5.0, and the temperature optimum 40 degrees C. Dodecyl sulfate electrophoresis gave a molecular weight of 29,000; permeation methods gave lower values. The enzyme contained about 5% carbohydrate. An endo mode of action on tamarind seed xyloglucan was deduced by monitoring solution viscosity and reducing power, and by analyzing the end products of the reaction. The specificity of the enzyme toward a wide range of substrates, including celluloses, carboxymethyl and hydroxyethyl celluloses, glucomannan, galactoglucomannans, mixed-linkage (1----3 and 1----4)-beta-D-glucan, laminarin, and xyloglucans from seeds and primary cell walls, was tested. Only the xyloglucans were hydrolyzed. It is concluded that the enzyme is a pure, endo-acting (1----4)-beta-D-glucanase which is novel in its apparently complete specificity toward xyloglucans. It is speculated that enzymes of this type may have escaped earlier detection because it is normal practice to screen for endo-(1----4)-beta-D-glucanase using artificial cellulose derivatives and that they may be widely involved in xyloglucan metabolism in plant cell walls.
Physics studies of higher actinide consumption in an LMR (1990)

The core physics aspects of the transuranic burning potential of the Integral Fast Reactor (IFR) are assessed. The actinide behavior in fissile self-sufficient IFR closed cycles of 1200 MWt size is characterized, and the transuranic isotopics and risk potential of the working inventory are compared to those from a once-through LWR. The core neutronic performance effects of rare-earth impurities present in the recycled fuel are addressed. Fuel cycle strategies for burning transuranics from an external source are discussed, and specialized actinide burner designs are described. 4 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.
Patch‐based generation of a pseudo CT from conventional MRI sequences for MRI‐only radiotherapy of the brain (2015)

We showed that a patch-based method could generate an accurate pCT based on conventional T1-weighted MRI sequences and without deformable registrations. In our evaluations, the method performed better than existing voxel-based and atlas-based methods and showed a promising potential for RT of the brain based only on MRI.
Digital time delay network for active underwater acoustic coating (1991)

A digital time delay system has recently been developed for control of an active underwater coating. The active coating contains piezoelectric polymer sensors and a piezocomposite actuator encapsulated within a host polymer. The coating is for layering on submerged objects to actively reduce underwater sound reflection. The control system incorporates time delay circuitry as opposed to the analog phase delays used in previous studies. The type of control is an open-loop velocity feedback. This system prevents feedback instability because the acoustic reflection is decoupled from the actuator. The digital controller can characterize both the incident acoustic pressure and the reflected pressure through parallel multichannel processing. The reflected pressure is monitored at the sensors for determination of the effective sound reduction. Experimental results were obtained in a water-filled acoustic pulse tube terminated at its boundary with the active coating. Echo reduction comparisons as functions of sound reduction and bandwidth will be presented.
A novel metallic complex reaction etching for transition metal and magnetic material by low-temperature and damage-free neutral beam process for non-volatile MRAM device applications (2014)

A new oxidation reaction at ultralow temperature (-30°C) by bombardment of O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> neutral beam can be enhanced at the extremely low activation energy, which can efficiently form a thin oxide film of all transition metal, such as platinum and ruthenium. Meanwhile, a novel neutral beam enhanced chemical etching for transition metals and magnetic materials was proposed without chemical and physical damages at ultralow temperature through Metallic Complex Reaction process. Highly anisotropic etching profile without both any sidewall re-deposition and damages on magnetic properties could be achieved just with a pure chemical reaction between ethanol and metallic oxide with low kinetic energy by neutral beam for the first time. This new etching technology has been considered as a breakthrough technology to develop next generation MRAM devices.
An Intermediate-temperature Fuel Cell with Fast Proton Conductors Based on SnP2O7 (2006)

Abstract not Available.
Wideband air-to-ground radio channel measurements using an antenna array at 2 GHz for low-alititude operations (2004)

Wideband measurements were performed using a direct-sequence spread-spectrum measurement system in the air-to-ground radio environment to characterize propagation between an airborne transmitter and a ground-based receiving antenna array at a center frequency of 2.05 GHz. The transmitter was flown along constant-radius arcs at low altitudes around the receiver location to obtain measurement results for 7.5, 15, 22.5, and 30 degree elevation angles. An 80 megachip per second (Mcps) modulating PN sequence was transmitted by the airborne station. The receiver was located in a campus environment of four- to six-story buildings and rolling terrain. The receiver used a four-element antenna array and sampled received signals at 1 gigasample per second (Gsps) per channel. Power-delay profiles that approximated channel impulse responses were used to measure magnitude, phase, and delay of multipath signal components received at each element. Characterization parameters produced from the measurements include RMS delay spread, excess delay spread, multipath fading CDFs, antenna diversity gain, and gain achieved through spatial-temporal combining. The measurements presented here support analysis of wireless systems for intentional transmissions, such as data communications between ground nodes and low-altitude aircraft. In addition, these measurements support investigations into interference from ground sources to low-altitude aircraft (e.g., on instrument approaches) or interception of signals originating from ground sources.
Cation Fluxes and Permeability Changes Accompanying Bacteriophage Infection of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1968)

Infection of Escherichia coli by bacteriophage T2 was accompanied by a rapid but transient increase in the rate of loss of small molecules from the bacterial cells. This transient leakage was studied with radioactive labels such as (42)K and (28)Mg. Bacteriophage-induced leakage was dependent on the ratio of phage to bacteria: the higher the multiplicity of infection, the greater the leakage. No leakage occurred at 4 C [when adsorption proceeds but injection of phage deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is blocked]. Leakage was caused by heavily irradiated phage as well as by normal phage; therefore, the intracellular functioning of the bacteriophage DNA was not required. This conclusion was supported by experiments which showed phage-induced leakage in the presence of chloramphenicol or sodium cyanide. Leakage could be prevented by infecting the bacteria with phage in the presence of high magnesium concentrations. Phage-induced leakage was terminated by a "sealing" reaction, after which potassium turnover by infected and uninfected cells was very similar. The sealing reaction occurred even in the presence of chloramphenicol, suggesting that the sealing is controlled by bacterial and not bacteriophage genes. We were not able to detect any effect of normal bacteriophage infection on the influx (active transport) of potassium and magnesium into the cells.