gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Promiscuity of MHC Class Ib-Restricted T Cell Responses (2003)

Murine infection with the Gram-positive intracellular bacterium Listeria monocytogenes activates CD8(+) T cells that recognize bacterially derived N-formyl methionine peptides in the context of H2-M3 MHC class Ib molecules. Three peptides, fMIGWII, fMIVIL, and fMIVTLF, are targets of L. monocytogenes-specific CD8(+) T cells. To investigate epitope cross-recognition by H2-M3-restricted CD8(+) T cells, we deleted the sequence encoding fMIGWII from a virulent strain of L. monocytogenes. Infection with fMIGWII-deficient L. monocytogenes unexpectedly primed CD8(+) T cells that stain with fMIGWII/H2-M3 tetramers and lyse fMIGWII-coated target cells in vivo. Because the fMIGWII sequence is nonredundant, we speculated that other bacterially derived Ags are priming these responses. HPLC peptide fractionation of bacterial culture supernatants revealed several distinct L. monocytogenes-derived peptides that are recognized by fMIGWII-specific T cells. Our results demonstrate that the dominant H2-M3-restricted CD8(+) T cell population, although reactive with fMIGWII, is primed by other, non-fMIGWII peptides derived from L. monocytogenes. Although this degree of Ag receptor promiscuity is unusual for the adaptive immune system, it may be a more common feature of T cell responses restricted by nonpolymorphic MHC class Ib molecules.
Work function measurements on nano-crystalline zinc oxide surfaces (2012)

The work function of nano-crystalline zinc oxide (ZnO) thin films was examined using photoemission spectroscopy (PES). Colloidally dispersed ZnO nano-particles were electrospray-deposited in vacuum to form nano-crystalline thin films. The samples showed an immediate work function reduction by 0.35 eV during ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy (UPS) measurements. This artifact was detected and quantified through low intensity x-ray photoemission spectroscopy (LIXPS) measurements, which use a very low photon flux. This prevented significant photochemical changes on the measured surface, i.e. the true work function unaffected by the UPS artifact can be measured. Annealing of an identical sample removed all ambient contamination from the ZnO surface with the effect to prevent the work function lowering artifact. This allowed the conclusion that ambient contamination is essential for the artifact to occur, similar to what was observed earlier on indium tin oxide and TiO2 surfaces. In an additional experiment, exposure of the annealed sample to the ambient resulted in a sample that again showed the artifact further demonstrating the necessity of water to be present. This experiment also demonstrated that the solubility enhancing surfactant shell of the nano-crystals does not play a significant role in the artifact, since it was removed during the annealing process.
Reflexives and blocking effects in Iron Range English (2011)

In some, but not all, languages with long-distance reflexives, coreference with a higher nominal expression is “blocked” when an intervening expression does not match a lower expression for person. It is suggested that only languages without subject/verb agreement exhibit Blocking Effects. The fact that languages differ in terms of Blocking Effects suggests that binding and Blocking are separate processes (Cole &amp; Sung 1994). I present new data from Iron Range English which challenges the generalization that blocking only occurs in languages without subject/verb agreement, but at the same time provides further evidence that binding and blocking are separate processes.
Mutations in Multiple Domains of Gag Drive the Emergence of <i>In Vitro</i> Resistance to the Phosphonate-Containing HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor GS-8374 (2012)

GS-8374 is a potent HIV protease inhibitor (PI) with a unique diethyl-phosphonate moiety. Due to a balanced contribution of enthalpic and entropic components to its interaction with the protease (PR) active site, the compound retains activity against HIV mutants with high-level multi-PI resistance. We report here the in vitro selection and characterization of HIV variants resistant to GS-8374. While highly resistant viruses with multiple mutations in PR were isolated in the presence of control PIs, an HIV variant displaying moderate (14-fold) resistance to GS-8374 was generated only after prolonged passaging for >300 days. The isolate showed low-level cross-resistance to darunavir, atazanavir, lopinavir, and saquinavir, but not other PIs, and contained a single R41K mutation in PR combined with multiple genotypic changes in the Gag matrix, capsid, nucleocapsid, and SP2 domains. Mutations also occurred in the transframe peptide and p6* domain of the Gag-Pol polyprotein. Analysis of recombinant HIV variants indicated that mutations in Gag, but not the R41K in PR, conferred reduced susceptibility to GS-8374. The Gag mutations acted in concert, since they did not affect susceptibility when introduced individually. Analysis of viral particles revealed that the mutations rendered Gag more susceptible to PR-mediated cleavage in the presence of GS-8374. In summary, the emergence of resistance to GS-8374 involved a combination of substrate mutations without typical resistance mutations in PR. These substrate changes were distributed throughout Gag and acted in an additive manner. Thus, they are classified as primary resistance mutations indicating a unique mechanism and pathway of resistance development for GS-8374.
Polymer Morphology (1965)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTPolymer MorphologyPHILLIP H. GEILView Author Information Case Institute of Technology, Cleveland, OhioCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1965, 43, 33, 72–85Publication Date (Print):August 16, 1965Publication History Published online6 November 2010Published inissue 16 August 1965https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v043n033.p072Copyright © 1965 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views9Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (3 MB) SUBJECTS:Polymers Get e-Alerts
An Autonomic Peer-to-Peer Architecture for Hosting Stateful Web Services (2008)

In this paper we present an autonomic Web services architecture that manages both the performance of service containers and the interconnection of those containers into a service overlay network. The advantages of this approach include the easing of management tasks through the autonomic systems ability to self-configure, self-optimise and self-heal. We also benefit from improved resilience and anticipate an improvement in overall performance. In our architecture we incorporate a structured distributed hash table peer-to-peer overlay network within our autonomic Web services container. Our architecture is inherently non-hierarchical, widely distributed and enables SLA compliant deployment of WSRF services. We have simplified the management of such a system by adhering to autonomic principles, and we maintain the performance of the system by tightly integrating SLA compliance and migrating services between containers to preserve QoS. We have developed a workable system for both service deployment and migration without the need for global state.
Mesyl phosphoramidate backbone modified antisense oligonucleotides targeting miR-21 with enhanced in vivo therapeutic potency (2020)

The design of modified oligonucleotides that combine in one molecule several therapeutically beneficial properties still poses a major challenge. Recently a new type of modified mesyl phosphoramidate (or µ-) oligonucleotide was described that demonstrates high affinity to RNA, exceptional nuclease resistance, efficient recruitment of RNase H, and potent inhibition of key carcinogenesis processes in vitro. Herein, using a xenograft mouse tumor model, it was demonstrated that microRNA miR-21-targeted µ-oligonucleotides administered in complex with folate-containing liposomes dramatically inhibit primary tumor growth via long-term down-regulation of miR-21 in tumors and increase in biosynthesis of miR-21-regulated tumor suppressor proteins. This antitumoral effect is superior to the effect of the corresponding phosphorothioate. Peritumoral administration of µ-oligonucleotide results in its rapid distribution and efficient accumulation in the tumor. Blood biochemistry and morphometric studies of internal organs revealed no pronounced toxicity of µ-oligonucleotides. This new oligonucleotide class provides a powerful tool for antisense technology.
Proteoglycans Mediate Cationic Liposome-DNA Complex-based Gene Delivery in Vitro and in Vivo (1998)

The factors controlling cationic liposome-DNA complex (CLDC)-based gene transfer in cells and in animals are poorly understood. We found that cell surface heparin/heparan sulfate-bearing proteoglycans mediate CLDC-based gene transfer and expression both in cultured cells and following intravenous gene delivery into animals. CLDC did not transfect Raji cells, which lack proteoglycans, but did efficiently transfect Raji cells stably transfected with the proteoglycan, syndecan-1. Fucoidan, heparin, or dextran sulfate, all of which are highly anionic polysaccharides, each blocked CLDC-mediated transfection both in cultured cells and following intravenous injection into mice, but had no effect on transfection by either recombinant adenovirus infection or electroporation. Intravenous pretreatment of mice with heparinases, which specifically cleave heparan sulfate molecules from cell surface proteoglycans, blocked intravenous, CLDC-mediated transfection in mice, confirming that proteoglycans mediate CLDC gene delivery in vivo. Modulation of proteoglycan expression may prove useful in controlling the efficiency of, as well as targeting the sites of, CLDC-based gene transfer in animals.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Effective Activation of Aryl Chlorides for Suzuki Coupling in Aqueous Media Using a Ferrocene‐Based Pd(II)—Diimine Catalyst. (2012)

Abstract A small amount of the air‐stable catalyst is sufficient enough for the coupling of unactivated chloride substrates.
Novel Constructions to Enable the Integration of Genes into the <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> C58 Chromosome (2001)

We constructed several versatile sets of vectors that can be used to introduce any gene into the pgl/picA locus of the Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 chromosome without affecting T-DNA transfer. One set contains a fragment containing the lacIq and lacZ genes and a multiple cloning site from pBluescriptII SK(+) inserted into a PstI site between the pgl and picA genes on an incPalpha plasmid. The resulting plasmid contains eight unique restriction endonuclease sites and the ability to use blue-white screening for the presence of an insert. A second plasmid also contains a beta-lactamase gene within this locus and provides a convenient ampicillin-carbenicillin resistance marker for the selection of genes integrated into the chromosome following double homologous recombination (homogenotization). A third plasmid contains, in addition to the lacZ, lacIq, and beta-lactamase genes within the pgl/picA locus, a sacRB gene cassette within the vector to counterselect against the presence of the vector within A. tumefaciens. To test this system, we introduced a wild-type virD2 gene into the A. tumefaciens chromosome at the pgl/picA locus. When a Ti plasmid harboring a deletion of virD2 was in this strain, the integrated virD2 gene complemented the virD2 deletion and the resulting transformation phenotype was identical to that resulting from A. tumefaciens strains harboring a wild-type virD2 gene located on a replicating plasmid.
RNA interference-mediated knockdown of p21WAF1 enhances anti-tumor cell activity of oncolytic adenoviruses (2009)

The ability of oncolytic adenoviruses to replicate in and lyse cancer cells offers a potential therapeutic approach. However, selectivity and efficacy of adenovirus replication need to be improved. In this study, we present that loss of p21(WAF1) promotes adenovirus replication and more effective cell killing. To test our hypothesis, we took HCT116 colon cancer cell lines carrying deletions of either p21(WAF1) or p53, and infected these cell lines with wild-type adenovirus (WtD) or the oncolytic adenoviruses, ONYX-015 and Delta-24. We found that WtD, ONYX-015 and Delta-24 induced stronger cytopathic effects in HCT116 p21-/- cells compared with HCT116-WT cells. This was accompanied by increased virus production. siRNA-mediated knockdown of p21(WAF1), and similarly of p27(KIP1), in HCT116-WT cells also enhanced replication of and cell killing by these viruses. Furthermore, we found that TE7, an esophageal carcinoma cell line, also showed a strong cell-killing effect and virus production when p21(WAF1) expression was suppressed by RNA interference before adenoviruses infection. Also, H1299 and DU-145 cells transfected with p21(WAF1) siRNA showed higher virus production after ONYX-015 and Delta-24 infections. These observations suggest that p21(WAF1) plays a role in mediating replication of oncolytic viruses with potential implications for adenoviral therapy of cancer.
Biomimetic Mushroom-Shaped Microfibers for Dry Adhesives by Electrically Induced Polymer Deformation (2014)

The studies on bioinspired dry adhesion have demonstrated the biomimetic importance of a surface arrayed with mushroom-shaped microfibers among other artificially textured surfaces. The generation of a mushroom-shaped microfiber array with a high aspect ratio and a large tip diameter remains to be investigated. In this paper we report a three-step process for producing mushroom-shaped microfibers with a well-controlled aspect ratio and tip diameter. First, a polymer film coated on an electrically conductive substrate is prestructured into a low-aspect-ratio micropillar array by hot embossing. In the second step, an electrical voltage is applied to an electrode pair composed of the substrate and another conductive planar plate, sandwiching an air clearance. The Maxwell force induced on the air-polymer interface by the electric field electrohydrodynamically pulls the preformed micropillars upward to contact the upper electrode. Finally, the micropillars spread transversely on this electrode due to the electrowetting effect, forming the mushroom tip. In this paper we have demonstrated a polymer surface arrayed with mushroom-shaped microfibers with a large tip diameter (3 times the shaft diameter) and a large aspect ratio (above 10) and provided the testing results for dry adhesion.
Gut metabolites and bacterial community networks during a pilot intervention study with flaxseeds in healthy adult men (2015)

Flaxseeds increase enterolignan production but do not markedly alter fecal metabolome and dominant bacterial communities. The data underline the possible role of members of the family Ruminococcaceae in the regulation of enterolignan production and blood lipids.
Intramolecular Energy Hopping and Energy Trapping in Polyphenylene Dendrimers with Multiple Peryleneimide Donor Chromophores and a Terryleneimide Acceptor Trap Chromophore (2001)

Intramolecular Förster-type excitation energy transfer (FRET) processes in a series of first-generation polyphenylene dendrimers substituted with spatially well-separated peryleneimide chromophores and a terryleneimide energy-trapping chromophore at the rim were investigated by steady-state and time-resolved fluorescence spectroscopy. Energy-hopping processes among the peryleneimide chromophores are revealed by anisotropy decay times of 50--80 ps consistent with a FRET rate constant of k(hopp) = 4.6 ns(-1). If a terryleneimide chromophore is present at the rim of the dendrimer together with three peryleneimide chromophores, more than 95% of the energy harvested by the peryleneimide chromophores is transferred and trapped in the terryleneimide. The two decay times (tau(1) = 52 ps and tau(2) = 175 ps) found for the peryleneimide emission band are recovered as rise times at the terryleneimide emission band proving that the energy trapping of peryleneimide excitation energy by the terryleneimide acceptor occurs via two different, efficient pathways. Molecular- modeling-based structures tentatively indicate that the rotation of the terryleneimide acceptor group can lead to a much smaller distance to a single donor chromophore, which could explain the occurrence of two energy-trapping rate constants. All energy-transfer processes are quantitatively describable with Förster energy transfer theory, and the influence of the dipole orientation factor in the Förster equation is discussed.
Growth, patterning, and weak-link fabrication of superconducting YBa2Cu3O7−<i>x</i> thin films (1988)

We have grown thin films of the high-temperature superconducting ceramic oxides and investigated techniques for fabricating weak-link structures. Films of YBa2Cu3O7−x grown on SrTiO3 by a combination of dc magnetron sputtering and thermal evaporation from the three sources have been patterned into microbridges with widths down to 2 μm. We find evidence that the bridges behave as arrays of Josephson-coupled superconducting islands. Further weak-link behavior is induced by in situ modification of the coupling by ion milling through the bridge.
RETRAN-03 Simulation of a Multiple Failure Event at Kori Unit 2 (1998)

A multiple failure event, a stuck-open pressurizer spray valve along with pressurizer pressure transmitter failure, which occurred on February 25, 1995, at Kori nuclear unit 2, is simulated using the best-estimate thermal-hydraulic computer code RETRAN03/MOD000. The simulation was performed to validate the predictive capabilities of RETRAN03 against plant data. The results would be useful in evaluation of the emergency operation procedures. The transient was simulated for 5000 s until the reactor coolant system pressure was stabilized and hot standby condition could be achieved. The simulation results and their corresponding plant data, especially for the evolutions of all the major thermal-hydraulic parameters, are compared and analyzed. Relatively good agreement between the plant data and the code prediction has been obtained; however, the simulation cannot duplicate the plant data for the low-flow condition that was encountered near the end of the transient.
Cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli of the primary alcohol dehydrogenase gene from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus JW200 (2000)

The structural gene, adhA, for a thermostable primary alcohol dehydrogenase was cloned from Thermoanaerobacter ethanolicus JW200. Constitutive expression from its own promoter was observed in Escherichia coli. The nucleotide sequence of adhA corresponded to an open reading frame of 1197 bp, encoding a polypeptide of 399 amino acids with a calculated Mr of 43 192. Amino acid sequence analysis showed 67–69% identity with alcohol dehydrogenases from two archaeal species and 29–37% identity with bacterial type III alcohol dehydrogenases. This represents the first reported cloning of an alcohol dehydrogenase from a bacterial species that is both thermostable and active against primary long-chain alcohols.
Treating your mother? A new type of preventable medical error. (2008)

Physicians treat their relatives, friends and other close associates very commonly, taking great risks with often undocumented consequences. We need to seriously consider the doctor/relative/friend relationship as a preventable medical error. To avoid this new type of error, hospitals, nursing homes, health plans, group practices, and clinics should program their computers to find and flag patients with admitting physicians or consultants who have the same last name. Similarly, pharmacy software should reject and query physicians who call in or submit prescriptions for family members with the same last name.
Minimize Sand Production by Controlling Wellbore Geometry and Flow Rate (2000)

Abstract The production of sand particle has become serious problem to oil and gas well and was subject for study during the past years. Basically, sand production must be the results of a change in strength of the formation rock due to drilling, perforation and production operation and drag forces of the produced fluids. Therefore, during designing and developing stages, parameters related to sand production need to be examined carefully. This paper presents an experimental study of the effects of wellbore geometry and flow rate to sand production and total oil recovery; to minimize sand production as well as optimize production. The experimental works include of static and dynamic sand production tests, which were carried out on wellbore models with different wellbore angle, perforation shot density, and perforation pattern and flow rate using Servo Control Compression Testing Machine (SCCTM). The results show that oil production is reduced as sand production increases and most of produced sand are large size indicating the dominant effects of the breakage of cementing materials. Sand production increases significantly after effective stress reaches 35–60% of rock compressive strength and followed by the reduction of total oil recovery to 55–73%. In addition, sand production increases as wellbore angle, shot density, flow rate increase and as perforation pattern change from spiral to inplane and finally inline, especially for model with more than 10° well bore angle, inline pattern and 1600cc/h flow rate. Therefore, in order to optimize production, sand production must be minimized by reducing wellbore angle (&lt;10°), shot density, flow rate (&lt;1600cc/h), perforated with spiral pattern and pore pressure should be controlled so that effective stress around a wellbore is not more than 35% of rock compressive strength.
The standard plenoptic camera: applications of a geometrical light field model (2016)

A thesis submitted to the University of Bedfordshire, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy