gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
UAV Control with Pictures and Pointing (2007)

†An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) control system has been developed that changes operator control to a point-and-click interaction. The location is set by selecting a point in the pictorial representation of the vehicle’s environment. This paper describes this system, which relies heavily on advances in terrain mapping to display the vehicle location relative to terrain features. It also relies on navigational accuracy available through the global positioning system. The first display is a computer-generated forward view, similar to the view from the cockpit of an aircraft. This view allows the operator to move laterally, longitudinally, and vertically with respect to the areas of interest. The second display is a map which has been enhanced with terrain features that enable the operator to position the vehicle with respect to landmarks and navigational features. The final display is the realtime sensor image. The sensor view permits examination of the actual environment in reference to the map and terrain database. This paper fully describes the details of this control concept and demonstrates the three displays in various control situations. System capabilities and dependencies are also described.
WOOD FINISHING: WATER REPELLENTS AND WATER-REPELLENT PRESERVATIVES. REVISION (1978)

Water plays a key role in the rapid weathering of wood exposed outdoors, in the performance of exterior finished wood, and in the decay or rotting of wood. Properly seasoned wood that stays dry is not subject to decay, to premature failure of paints and finishes, or to many of the other serious problems associated with weathering. There are some relatively simple wood treatments that can be used to slow down the pickup of water and help keep wood dry. These treatments are called water repellents (WR). When a preservative is added to a WR, it is called a water-repellent preservative (WRP). The composition of these two treating materials is very similar; both contain a substance that repels water (usually paraffin wax or related material), a resin or drying oil, and a solvent such as turpentine or mineral spirits. Addition of a preservative such as pentachlorophenol or copper naphthenate to a water repellent helps to protect wood surfaces against decay and mildew organisms.
Expression of <i>bbc3</i> , a pro-apoptotic BH3-only gene, is regulated by diverse cell death and survival signals (2001)

BH3-only proteins function at a proximal point in a conserved cell death pathway by binding, through their BH3 domains, to other Bcl-2 family members and triggering mitochondrial events associated with apoptosis. Here, we describe a strongly pro-apoptotic BH3-only protein, designated Bbc3, whose expression increases in response to diverse apoptotic stimuli. bbc3 mRNA levels were induced by exposure to DNA-damaging agents and by wild-type p53, which mediates DNA damage-induced apoptosis. p53 transactivated bbc3 through consensus p53 binding sites within the bbc3 promoter region, indicating that bbc3 is a direct target of p53. Additionally, bbc3 mRNA was induced by p53-independent apoptotic stimuli, including dexamethasone treatment of thymocytes, and serum deprivation of tumor cells. Insulin-like growth factor-1 and epidermal growth factor, growth factors with broad anti-apoptotic activity, were each sufficient to suppress Bbc3 expression in serum-starved tumor cells. These results suggest that the transcriptional regulation of bbc3 contributes to the transduction of diverse cell death and survival signals.
A Real Time Object Detection Approach Applied to Reliable Pedestrian Detection (2007)

This paper presents a robust real time obstacle and pedestrian detection algorithm, which is capable of handling the challenges of stationary as well as moving objects, utilizing a single car mounted monochrome camera. First, the system detects obstacles above the ground plane by obtaining a "virtual stereo system" through the usage of inverse perspective mapping. A fast digital image stabilization algorithm is used to compensate erroneous detections whenever the flat ground plane assumption is an inaccurate model of the road surface. Finally, a low level pedestrian segmentation algorithm is developed to extract bounding boxes of potential pedestrians. Furthermore a novel approach called the pedestrian detection strip is used to improve the calculation time by a factor of six compared to previous attempts. Experiments have been carried out by applying the proposed algorithm on prerecorded sequences as well as within a test vehicle and thus in a closed loop environment. The experimental results indicate a promising detection performance. Obstacles and pedestrians up to 50 meters away from the vehicle have been detected reliably at 64 frames per second on a 3 GHz PC.
Remaining useful life prediction based on the Wiener process for an aviation axial piston pump (2015)

An aviation hydraulic axial piston pump’s degradation from comprehensive wear is a typical gradual failure model. Accurate wear prediction is difficult as random and uncertain characteristics must be factored into the estimation. The internal wear status of the axial piston pump is characterized by the return oil flow based on fault mechanism analysis of the main frictional pairs in the pump. The performance degradation model is described by the Wiener process to predict the remaining useful life (RUL) of the pump. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) is performed by utilizing the expectation maximization (EM) algorithm to estimate the initial parameters of the Wiener process while recursive estimation is conducted utilizing the Kalman filter method to estimate the drift coefficient of the Wiener process. The RUL of the pump is then calculated according to the performance degradation model based on the Wiener process. Experimental results indicate that the return oil flow is a suitable characteristic for reflecting the internal wear status of the axial piston pump, and thus the Wiener process-based method may effectively predicate the RUL of the pump.
Pervaporation separation of water/ethanol mixtures through polysaccharide membranes. III. The permselectivity of the neutralized chitosan membrane and the relationships between its permselectivity and solid state structure (1989)

Abstract The separation of water/alcohol mixtures through chitosan membrane neutralized by various acids was investigated. The permselectivity of the neutralized chitosan membrane was affected by the species of acids and, only when neutralized by polybasic acids, was a marked increase of the selectivity observed and a high selectivity maintained for ion free mixtures. The marked increase of the selectivity could be explained by the contraction of the “holes” produced by the thermal motion of polymer chains due to the conformation change of chitosan molecule caused by the neutralization. The conformation change was confirmed by the analysis of the solid state structure of the neutralized chitosan using CP/MAS 13 C‐NMR.
Algorithm for analyses of saccadic eye movements using a digital computer. (1976)

An algorithm for digital computer analyses of electro-oculographically recorded saccardic eye movements is presented. From a brief, 4-min recording session detailed statistical information about saccade velocity, accuracy, and delay time can be obtained. Since this data is not significantly altered by practice of motivational factors, it provides a sensitive functional test of the extra-ocular muscles and their brain control system.
Generation of a highly magnetized plasma by using the superconducting coil (1981)

The magnetic field, the intensity of which can be increased up to 4 T, is produced continuously by using the superconducting coil and is applied to the dc discharge plasma. This ultrahighly magnetized plasma (ULMAP) may be used in the experimental studies of plasma physics under the extreme condition. The new region of plasma parameters where the averaged ion Larmor radius is smaller than the Debye length is attained. The advantage of this device is that the Ohmic loss in the coil is negligibly small, and that a highly magnetized plasma is generated without an appreciable waste of electric power.
Affinity prediction for substrates of the peptide transporter PepT1 (2005)

A quantitative method has been developed for determining the affinity of substrates for the peptide transporter PepT1, allowing oral availability of drugs via PepT1 to be estimated.
Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of MoS<sub>2</sub> Films (2017)

Wet chemical screening reveals the very high reactivity of Mo(NMe<sub>2</sub> )<sub>4</sub> with H<sub>2</sub> S for the low-temperature synthesis of MoS<sub>2</sub> . This observation motivated an investigation of Mo(NMe<sub>2</sub> )<sub>4</sub> as a volatile precursor for the atomic layer deposition (ALD) of MoS<sub>2</sub> thin films. Herein we report that Mo(NMe<sub>2</sub> )<sub>4</sub> enables MoS<sub>2</sub> film growth at record low temperatures-as low as 60 °C. The as-deposited films are amorphous but can be readily crystallized by annealing. Importantly, the low ALD growth temperature is compatible with photolithographic and lift-off patterning for the straightforward fabrication of diverse device structures.
PH sensitive WO3-Based microelectrochemical transistors (1986)

Electrochemical properties of an array of closely spaced (1.2 um) Au or Pt microelectrodes (approx. um wide x approx. 50 micrometers um long x 0.1 micrometer high) coated by a 0.15 micrometers thick layer of polycrystalline WO3 are reported. The WO3 is deposited on the electrode by rf sputtering of a WO3 target. The cyclic voltammetry of these microelectrodes indicates that WO3 connects individual microelectrodes, since the voltammogram of a pair of microelectrodes driven together is indistinguishable from that of an individual microelectrode. WO3 becomes a good conductor upon electrochemical reduction in aqueous solutions. The change in resistance of WO3 connecting two microelectrodes as a function of electrochemical potential spans four orders of magnitude, from approx. 1,000,000 to approx. 100 ohms. A pair of WO3-connected microelectrodes functions as a microelectrochemical transistor that is sensitive to pH. The cyclic voltammetry is pH-dependent and consistent with pH-dependent transistor characteristics, which indicate that the device is turned on at more positive electrochemical potentials in acidic media. In basic solutions, more negative potentials are needed to turn on WO3-based transistors. The maximum slope of the drain current, I sub D,vs. gate voltage, V sub G, plot at fixed drain voltage, V sub G, gives a transconductance of 12 mS/mm of gate width.
Information Visualization Of An Agent-Based Financial System Model (2005)

This paper considers the application of information visualization techniques to an agent-based model of a financial system. The minority game is a simple agent-based model which can be used to simulate the events in a real-world financial market. To aid understanding of this model, we can apply information visualization techniques. Treemap and sunburst are two such information visualization techniques, which previous research tells us can effectively represent information similar to that generated by the minority game. Another information visualization technique, called logical fisheye-lens, can be used to augment treemap and sunburst, allowing users to magnify areas of interest in these visualizations. In this paper, treemap and sunburst, both with and without fisheye-lens, are applied to the minority game, and their effectiveness is evaluated. This evaluation is carried out through an analysis of users performing various tasks on (simulated) financial market data using the visualization techniques. A subjective questionnaire is also used to measure the usersâ€™ impressions of the visualization techniques.
Constant modulus orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (2010)

Orthogonal frequency domain multiplexing (OFDM) is the signal format of choice for spectrally efficient communications over time-invariant, frequency-selective channels. OFDM has a large peak-to-average power ratio, however, which makes it incompatible with transmitter non-linearities (e.g., saturated power amplifiers (PAs)). Conversely, single-carrier constant envelope modulations can be used with a saturated PA, but exhibit limited spectral efficiency and requiring more complex receiver processing (i.e., channel equalization). This paper presents a method of modulation coding that results in an OFDM signal with constant modulus (CM-OFDM). A method of decoding this modulation code is developed and the resulting CM-OFDM system performance is compared to that of OFDM via simulation. The results suggest that CM-OFDM may provide a waveform uniquely qualified for some operational scenarios.
Regulation of low affinity IgE receptor (CD23) expression on mononuclear phagocytes in normal and asthmatic subjects (1992)

Mononuclear phagocytic cells contain low affinity receptors for IgE (Fc epsilon RII or CD23) which induce cellular activation in the presence of specific allergen. These studies were performed to quantify the expression by monocytes and alveolar macrophages of Fc epsilon RII in asthma and to determine biologic response modifiers that regulate Fc epsilon RII. Whereas 2.5 +/- 1.0% of the monocytes obtained from normal volunteers were Fc epsilon RII positive, this increased to 16.7 +/- 2.4% in asthma (p < 0.001). Stimulation of Fc epsilon RII expression on monocytes was shown to be an activity of IL-4 (24.5 +/- 5.9%), granulocyte-macrophage-CSF (28.1 +/- 5.2%), IFN-alpha (15.8 +/- 5.3%), IFN-gamma (10.4 +/- 3.7%), and macrophage-CSF (7.3 +/- 0.7%) but not of IL-2, IL-6, or TNF-alpha. Expression of Fc epsilon RII by these cytokines was associated with the induction of specific mRNA transcripts. Using Fc epsilon RII subtype specific primers in the polymerase chain reaction expansion of cDNA, cytokine-induced receptors were shown to be Fc epsilon RIIb. Alveolar macrophages from nonasthmatic subjects displayed minimal expression of Fc epsilon RII (3.2 +/- 1.2%); however, these receptors were present on 69.2 +/- 6.3% of asthmatic volunteers (p < 0.001). Induction of Fc epsilon RII appears specific for allergic asthma insofar as these receptors are also not expressed in subjects with interstitial lung disease (1.3 +/- 1.3%). As assessed by shift in mean fluorescence, instillation of allergen in the asthmatic's airway further up-regulated Fc epsilon RII on alveolar macrophages by 151 +/- 7%. Up-regulation of Fc epsilon RII in atopic individuals may therefore reflect allergen-induced exposure of mononuclear phagocytes to one or more of these cytokines. These studies suggest a mechanism by which an immunologic stimulus that leads to the production of these cytokines (e.g., allergen or viral infection) would contribute to the development or exacerbation of allergic disease.
Regulation of TLR3 Activation by S100A9 (2015)

Recognition of viral dsRNA by endosomal TLR3 activates innate immune response during virus infection. Trafficking of TLR3 to the endolysosomal compartment arising from fusion of late endosome (LE) with lysosome is required for recognition and detection of pathogen associated molecular patterns, which results in activation of the TLR3-dependent signaling cascade. Existing knowledge about the mechanism(s) and cellular factor(s) governing TLR3 trafficking is limited. In the current study, we identified intracellular S100A9 protein as a critical regulator of TLR3 trafficking. S100A9 was required for maturation of TLR3 containing early endosome (EE) into LE, the compartment that fuses with lysosome to form the endolysosomal compartment. A drastic reduction in cytokine production was observed in S100A9-knockout (KO) primary macrophages following RNA virus infection and treatment of cells with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyIC; a dsRNA mimetic that acts as a TLR3 agonist). Mechanistic studies revealed colocalization and interaction of S100A9 with TLR3 following polyIC treatment. S100A9-TLR3 interaction was critical for maturation of TLR3 containing EE into LE because TLR3 could not be detected in the LE of polyIC-treated S100A9-KO macrophages. Subsequently, TLR3 failed to colocalize with its agonist (i.e., biotin-labeled polyIC) in S100A9-deficient macrophages. The in vivo physiological role of S100A9 was evident from loss of cytokine production in polyIC-treated S100A9-KO mice. Thus, we identified intracellular S100A9 as a regulator of TLR3 signaling and demonstrated that S100A9 functions during pre-TLR3 activation stages by facilitating maturation of TLR3 containing EE into LE.
Seasonal variations of gravity wave activity and spectra derived from sodium temperature lidar (2010)

Gravity wave measurements were carried out by a newly developed sodium temperature lidar at SÃ£o JosÃ© dos Campos (23Â°S, 46Â°W). The seasonal variations of gravity wave activity and spectra derived from temperature data are investigated. The total temperature perturbation and temperature vertical power spectra, Ft(m) at 2&#960;/(8 km), 2&#960;/(4 km), and 2&#960;/(2 km) all show that the semiannual maxima occur near the equinoxes, which is consistent with our earlier study (Yang et al., 2006) using only sodium concentration data. The vertical structure of the mean temperature variance could be related to the vertical distribution of N2. Large nightly variability of the temperature perturbation spectral slope was also found as in other sodium concentration lidar studies. The comparison between temperature and density perturbations induced by quasi-random waves was investigated, and the agreement was found to be good on most (78%) nights. Good agreement between monochromatic wave-induced temperature perturbations and sodium concentration perturbations has also been found, and the wave parameters derived from temperature data and sodium concentration data are comparable.
GPCR-interacting proteins (GIPs): nature and functions (2004)

The simplistic idea that seven transmembrane receptors are single monomeric proteins that interact with heterotrimeric G-proteins after agonist binding is definitively out of date. Indeed, GPCRs (G-protein-coupled receptors) are part of multiprotein networks organized around scaffolding proteins. These GIPs (GPCR-interacting proteins) are either transmembrane or cytosolic proteins. Proteomic approaches can be used to get global pictures of these 'receptosomes'. This approach allowed us to identify direct but also indirect binding partners of serotonin receptors. GIPs are involved in a wide range of functions including control of the targeting, trafficking and signalling of GPCRs. One of them, Shank, which is a secondary and tertiary partner of metabotropic and ionotropic glutamate receptors, respectively, can induce the formation of a whole functional glutamate 'receptosome' and the structure to which it is associated, the dendritic spine.
Near-Well-Subdomain Simulations for Accurate Inflow-Performance-Relationship Calculation To Improve Stability of Reservoir/Network Coupling (2011)

Summary Externally coupled workflows that rely on exchanging inflow-performance relationships (IPRs) at the coupling points, such as those between reservoir and surface-network simulators, may exhibit oscillations because of the IPR calculated at the beginning of a timestep not being representative of the IPR at the end of the timestep. One solution is to have an implicitly coupled reservoir/surface system. This is often impractical because the reservoir and the surface network may be modeled using different applications, or the resulting coupled system may become too large and too complex to solve implicitly because of processing time and convergence issues. We propose the calculation of multipoint IPRs obtained by solving near-well subdomains for the subsequent timestep. A flexible reservoir-simulation architecture enables the dynamic creation and simulation of near-well subdomains at run time. Subdomains are created automatically within the vicinity of the well or may be defined dynamically from the pressure gradient. These near-well-subdomain simulations are embedded within the full-field simulation and extract all the required model properties (pressure/volume/temperature, rock) from the full-field model. The most recent fluxes from the global solution are used as boundary conditions for the near-well subdomains. In this paper, the subdomain IPRs are used within reservoir/network coupling workflows for which traditionally calculated IPRs result in oscillations and high errors. Sensitivity analysis is carried out on the extent of the subdomains and the size of the coupling timestep. A real field case is used to show that subdomain IPRs result in smooth pressure/ rate profiles as opposed to the oscillatory profiles obtained from explicitly calculated IPRs and that they also help reduce balancing errors between reservoir and surface models.
An SOI process for fabrication of solar cells, transistors and electrostatic actuators (2004)

We have developed a new process for fabricating integrated, solar-powered microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafer. The intended applications for this process are autonomous microsystems, such as microrobots and distributed sensor networks. Two versions of the process have been created. The first combines solar cells and MEMS devices with NMOS transistors utilizing metal gates. This version has yielded solar cell efficiencies greater that 11%, a 200 cell array with an output of 88.5 V and transistor breakdown voltages above 25 V. Using this process, a fully integrated device has been demonstrated consisting of an electrostatic, gap-closing actuator being powered by an on-board buffer consisting of an NMOS inverter. The only external connections were ground and a 5 V control signal. A second version has also been developed which provides better solar cell performance and CMOS circuits utilizing polysilicon gates. This version has yielded solar cell efficiencies greater than 14%, a 90 cell array with an output over 50 V, and NMOS and PMOS devices with breakdown voltages greater than 50 V.
Specific Isolation of Placenta‐Derived Exosomes from the Circulation of Pregnant Women and Their Immunoregulatory Consequences<sup>1</sup> (2006)

Placental exosomes suppressed T-cell signaling components; however, while exosomal FasL is an important contributor, it does not appear to be the sole mediator. The additional expression of PD-L1 may explain immunoregulatory consequences of exosomes with low or absent FasL.
A Treatment for Tardive Dyskinesia and Some Other Extrapyramidal Symptoms (1997)

The effects of the administration of acetazolamide and thiamine (A + T) on the symptoms of tardive dyskinesia (TD) and parkinsonism of 8 elderly and 25 younger chronic hospitalized mental patients were examined in a placebo-controlled, double-blind, counterbalanced two-period cross-over study with initial baselines and intervening washout periods. All patients were maintained on their prestudy psychoactive and anti-Parkinson medications, without alteration, throughout the study. The elderly group received 1.5 g acetazolamide and thiamine per day in three divided doses for 3 weeks. The younger group received 1.5 g thiamine and 2.0 g acetazolamide per day in divided doses for 2 months. Both groups showed a significant decrease in scores on the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (TD) and the Simpson-Angus Neurological Rating Scale (parkinsonism) while on A + T. The A + T effects were unrelated to age, gender, diagnosis, or maintenance medications.