gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Structure-Based Design of DevR Inhibitor Active against Nonreplicating<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2009)

Antitubercular treatment is directed against actively replicating organisms. There is an urgent need to develop drugs targeting persistent subpopulations of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The DevR response regulator is believed to play a key role in bacterial dormancy adaptation during hypoxia. We developed a homology-based model of DevR and used it for the rational design of inhibitors. A phenylcoumarin derivative (compound 10) identified by in silico pharmacophore-based screening of 2.5 million compounds employing protocols with some novel features including a water-based pharmacophore query, was characterized further. Compound 10 inhibited DevR binding to target DNA, down-regulated dormancy genes transcription, and drastically reduced survival of hypoxic but not nutrient-starved dormant bacteria or actively growing organisms. Our findings suggest that compound 10 "locks" DevR in an inactive conformation that is unable to bind cognate DNA and induce the dormancy regulon. These results provide proof-of-concept for DevR as a novel target to develop molecules with sterilizing activity against tubercle bacilli.
On‐Chip Decoupling Capacitance with High Dielectric Constant and Strength Using SrTiO3 Thin Films Electron‐Cyclotron‐Resonance‐Sputtered at 400°C (1997)

It is shown that thin (100 nm) film electron‐cyclotron‐resonance‐sputtered at 400°C has a good time dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) characteristic, a high dielectric constant, and high dielectric strength. Extrapolation of TDDB data suggests that the lifetime of the films can be estimated to be 10 years at an electric field of 2 MV/cm. These electrical properties and process parameters imply the possibility of dielectrics of on‐chip decoupling capacitors. The deposition and annealing temperatures (both 400°C) of this film satisfy the temperature requirement of aluminum interconnect processing in the fabrication of standard complementary metal oxide silicon large‐scale integrated circuits.
The lecturer's assistant (1994)

For many centuries the chalkboard has been the primary means of communication in the classroom, recently augmented by the overhead projector. These media provide one-way communication: from the lecturer to the students. We describe a prototype system, called the Lecturer's Assistant, which as its main feature enables graphic communication from the students to the lecturer and other students. This capability allows students to easily ask questions or present ideas without leaving their seats. The Lecturer's Assistant also provides the lecturer with a complete electronic environment for the preparation, presentation, and subsequent editing of classroom overheads. The system is designed to be portable and inexpensive to enable widespread usage in the nation's university classrooms.
BER-adaptive flexible-format transmitter for elastic optical networks (2012)

We propose a new optical transmitter which is capable of changing flexibly the modulation format of the optical signal. By using this transmitter, we can handle and assign various modulation formats: binary phase shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase shift keying (QPSK), 8-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (8QAM), and 16QAM. The proposed transmitter is based on a combination of a dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulator (DD-MZM) and a dual-parallel MZM (DP-MZM) with electrical binary drive signals. DD-MZM is a key element to produce the 8QAM and 16QAM formats where each arm of DD-MZM is driven by independent binary data. This is because we can modulate the amplitude and phase of the optical signal by using a frequency chirp of the modulator when we adjust properly the amplitudes of the electrical drive signals. In addition, we show an algorithm by which the proposed transmitter can intelligently select the modulation format in accordance with the signal quality.
Instrumental profile of a triple Fabry-Perot interferometer for use in solar spectroscopy (1978)

A universal filter for use in solar spectroscopy is under development, consisting of a computer-controlled triple Fabry-Perot interferometer. This paper explores the extent to which the performance of such a filter is degraded by off-axis effects under the intended conditions of use. Computed instrumental profiles for both on-and off-axis cases are presented. The calculated bandwidths range from 0.021 A to 0.047 A at eight wavelengths of interest in the visible region of the spectrum.
A literature review of radiolytic gas generation as a result of the decomposition of sodium nitrate wastes (1991)

The objective of this literature review is to determine expected chemical reactions and the gas generation associated with radiolytic decomposition of radioactive sodium nitrate wastes such as the wastes stored in the Melton Valley Storage Tanks (MVST) at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL). The literature survey summarizes expected chemical reactions and identifies the gases expected to be generated as a result of the radiolytic decomposition. The literature survey also identifies G values, which are the expression for radiation chemical yields as molecules of gas formed per 100 eV of absorbed energy, obtained from experimental studies of the radiolytic decomposition of water and sodium nitrate. 2 tabs., 32 refs.
Increased lymphoproliferative response to human herpesvirus type 6A variant in multiple sclerosis patients (2000)

Several reports have suggested an association of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) and multiple sclerosis (MS) based on immunohistochemical demonstration of HHV-6 antigens in inflammatory lesions, detection of increased HHV-6 specific serum antibody titers, and amplification of HHV-6 DNA from sera and cerebrospinal fluid of MS patients but not in controls. Characterization of the cellular immune response of MS patients to HHV-6 may further clarify the role of HHV-6 in MS and provide insight into the pathogenesis of this immune-mediated disease. We have compared lymphoproliferative responses to HHV-6A (U1102)-, HHV-6B (Z29)-, and HHV-7 (H7SB)-infected cell lysates in healthy controls and patients with MS. Most healthy controls (71%) proliferated to HHV-6B lysate, and fewer (33%) responded to the HHV-6A lysate. In contrast, 67% of MS patients had a lymphoproliferative response to HHV-6A, which is a significant increase in comparison with healthy controls. A similar frequency of lymphoproliferative response (78%) to HHV-6B was demonstrated in MS patients. Lymphoproliferation to HHV-7 lysate was demonstrated in 23% of healthy controls and 28% of MS patients. These results indicate that the lymphoproliferative response to the HHV-6A variant, which was recently reported to have greater neurotropism, is increased in MS patients.
DNA Damage in Deoxynucleosides and Oligonucleotides Treated with Peroxynitrite (1999)

Peroxynitrite (ONOO-) is a powerful oxidizing agent that forms in a reaction of nitric oxide (NO*) and superoxide (O2-*). We have investigated ONOO--induced DNA damage using deoxynucleosides and oligonucleotides as model substrates, with particular attention paid to the oxidation of 8-oxodG by ONOO-. With regard to deoxynucleosides, ONOO- was found to have significant reactivity only with dG; dA, dC, and dT showed minimal reactivity. However, two of the major products of ONOO--induced oxidation of dG (8-oxodG and 8-nitroG) were both found to be significantly more reactive with ONOO- than with dG. In the context of an oligonucleotide, we observed a concentration-dependent oxidation of 8-oxodG to at least two types of products, one appearing at ONOO- concentrations of </=100 microM and the other at concentrations of >/=500 microM. We also examined the susceptibility of these oxidation products to repair by FaPy glycosylase, endonuclease III, uracil glycosylase, and MutY. FaPy glycosylase, which recognizes 8-oxoG as its primary substrate, was the only enzyme that exhibited an efficient reaction with 8-oxodG oxidation products at low ONOO- concentrations (</=100 microM); the product(s) formed at ONOO- concentrations of >/=500 microM either was not recognized or was poorly repaired by the enzymes. While processing of the lesions was inefficient with endonuclease III and not apparent with uracil glycosylase, the excision of A opposite an 8-oxoG lesion by the enzyme MutY was not affected by the reaction of 8-oxoG with ONOO-. In addition to demonstrating the complexity of ONOO- DNA damage chemistry, these results suggest that 8-oxodG may be a primary target of ONOO- in DNA.
Smart visibility in visualization (2005)

In this paper we discuss expressive visualization techniques that smartly uncover the most important information in order to maximize the visual information in the resulting images. This is achieved through dynamic changes in visual representations, through deformations, or through spatial modifications of parts of the data. Such techniques originate from technical illustration and are called cut-away views, ghosted views, and exploded views. These illustrative techniques unveil the most important visual information by employing high levels of abstraction. The change in visual representation or spatial position is done easily perceivable and the overall visual harmony is preserved.
Horizontal-Openhole Gravel-Packing Operations in the Campos Basin (2007)

This article, written by Assistant Technology Editor Karen Bybee, contains highlights of paper SPE 106364, "The 200th Horizontal-Openhole Gravel-Packing Operation in Campos Basin: A Milestone in the History of Petrobras Completion Practices in Ultradeep Waters," by L.C.C. Marques, SPE, L.C.A. Paixao, V.P. Barbosa, M.O. Martins, A. Calderon, SPE, C.A. Pedroso, SPE, L.H.C. Fernandes, J.A. Melo, C.M. Chagas, and N.J. Denadai, Petrobras, prepared for the 2007 SPE European Formation Damage Conference, Scheveningen, The Netherlands, 30 May-1 June. The full-length paper presents an overview of the evolution of openhole gravel-packing practices and experience after 200 wells have been completed successfully with this technique in the Campos basin. A comprehensive description of the main steps taken to improve horizontal-openhole gravel-packing (HOHGP) practices in unconsolidated oil-bearing turbidites is presented. Since the first HOHGP job in 1988, completions have moved progressively from shallow- to ultradeepwater scenarios. Along this path, a series of innovations has been incorporated into the sand-face-completion practices. Introduction The most prolific reservoirs in the Campos basin are the Upper Cretaceous and Tertiary turbidites. The high-permeability (approximately 1,000 to 8,000 md) stacked and amalgamated reservoirs are spread over shallow, deep, and ultradeep water within the basin. Dictated by the depositional model associated with turbidites, the sand uniformity of these poorly- or unconsolidated sand lenses varies significantly. The presence of reactive-shale streaks is recurrent in some of these turbidites. As in many other offshore basins in the world, the first oil discoveries (early in the 1980s) were in shallow waters. These good exploratory results propelled the move progressively from shallow to ultradeep water. However, since the original oil discoveries, it has been realized that a sand-management strategy was necessary to achieve desirable production levels. Sand control is an umbrella term comprising different approaches to dealing with sand-production problems. Sand-control methods include frac pack, chemical consolidation, screens, and gravel packing. The Petrobras philosophy is one of zero tolerance for sand production. Should there be the slightest chance of sand production, a sand-control method is installed in wells. This preventative approach stems from wellbore-integrity concerns, prohibitively high well-intervention costs, the need to maximize production rates, safety concerns, and the inability of topside equipment to handle sand. Gravel packing is considered the best alternative for sand control in horizontal-openhole wells with good vertical permeability, nonuniform sands, and no lamination. In addition, filling the screen/wellbore annulus of an openhole horizontal well with properly sized gravel creates a secondary barrier to the migrating sand grains, thus increasing the longevity of the gravel-pack screens.
Apolipoprotein B mRNA editing. Validation of a sensitive assay and developmental biology of RNA editing in the rat. (1990)

Apolipoprotein B (apoB) 48 mRNA is the product of a C----U conversion of the first base of the codon CAA for Gln-2153 in apoB-100 mRNA, changing it to an in-frame stop codon (UAA). Methods for measuring the ratio of apoB-48 to apoB-100 mRNA that have been authenticated with standard mixtures of the two apoB mRNA species have not been described. Using RNA mixtures consisting of known proportions of in vitro transcripts of apoB-100 and apoB-48, we directly compared four different assays. We found that a procedure based on the polymerase chain reaction, cDNA cloning, and oligonucleotide colony hybridization was the most sensitive and accurate assay. Total RNAs isolated from adult rat small intestine, adult liver, Day 15 and term placentas, and term fetal membranes were found to contain apoB mRNA in the following relative amounts: 100, 59.8, 0.9, 6.96, and 1087, respectively. They all contained both apoB-48 and apoB-100 mRNAs, with the former constituting 95.8, 59.2, 4.6, 1.3, and 0.8%, respectively, of the apoB mRNA. We examined the ontogeny of apoB-48 mRNA biogenesis in the liver and intestine in the rat prenatally on Days 17, 19, and 20 of gestation, and postnatally on Days 1, 3, 7, 13, 20, 24, and 37 after birth. Slot-blot hybridization demonstrated that apoB mRNA showed a peak at birth (Days 1-3 in the liver and Days 1-7 in the small intestine) and then decreased on Days 7 (in the liver) and 13 (in the intestine) before it increased again on Day 20 toward the adult level. Quantitation of the ratio of apoB-48 to apoB-100 mRNA at the different time points showed that RNA editing became highly competent prenatally on Day 19 of gestation in the small intestine, but postnatally on Day 24 after birth in the liver. The asynchronous nature for this developmentally regulated process in the liver and small intestine of the rat has implications for the mechanism of RNA editing and lipid homeostasis in this animal.
The role of autonomic denervation during catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (2008)

Recent experimental and clinical findings have provided new insights into the causes of atrial fibrillation and allowed a re-evaluation of its treatment.
Transdermal injection of Restylane SubQ for aesthetic contouring of the cheeks, chin, and mandible (2006)

Initial experience in transdermal administration of Restylane SubQ for augmentation of the cheek and chin suggests that the product is easy to administer via this route and that it provides a stable aesthetic result. Local adverse reactions are consistent with those expected of an alloplastic filler material and appear to be related to the injection procedure/site rather than to the product itself. In the event of overcorrection or the appearance of superficial irregularities (nodules), any excess material can readily be removed by needle aspiration. Several measures can be taken to increase the likelihood of a satisfactory aesthetic outcome and minimize the risk of treatment complications with Restylane SubQ. One such measure is to deposit the product in small aliquots at multiple sites (using a multiple tunneling technique) to avoid pooling within the soft tissues. Treatment sites with poor soft-tissue cover pose a challenge because of the high risk of surface irregularities. In cheek augmentation procedures, Restylane SubQ should be placed below the zygomatic arch where the subcutaneous tissue is more fibrous, thereby providing a possible barrier to implant mobility. The chin appears to be particularly well suited to volume augmentation with Restylane SubQ because its dense fibrous tissue creates naturally occurring pockets for product placement. In summary, transdermal administration of Restylane SubQ is a convenient, noninvasive procedure for chin and cheek contouring and for rejuvenation of the mid and lower face.
The Effects of Xylocaine Spray for Pain Control Caused by Endotracheal Tube in Critical Care (2012)

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xylocaine spray for the pain caused by endotracheal tube, and its impact on patients’ satisfaction of intensive care. A quantitative evaluation of the effect before and after Xylocaine spray on endotracheal tube pain relief, and a qualitative interview study of the impact of this intervention on patients’ satisfaction of intensive care in a prospective, clinical investigation. Those in the medical intensive care unit being endotracheal intubated and being able to clearly communicate with the caregivers were enrolled after providing their inform consent. We prescribed Xylocaine 10% pump spray as frequently as demanded. Nineteen patients were eligible for this study. The numerical rating scale of the throat pain before local Xylocaine spray were 8.82 ± 0.79, 7.98 ± 0.92, 7.07 ± 0.76, 6.37 ± 0.83 and 5.47 ± 1.23, sequentially, compared with after therapy results, which were 3.84 ± 0.86, 3.57 ± 0.74, 3.06 ± 0.70, 2.61 ± 0.77 and 1.96 ± 0.88 (p < 0.01). The interval between Xylocaine demanded gradually increased with time after endotracheal tube intubation, and was also different between the daytime and the night-time on the first day of admission (p < 0.001). Most of the patients suffered from throat pain due to endotracheal intubation, and they agreed their satisfaction was affected by the factors, the level of throat pain being controlled (correlation: 0.89, p < 0.01), and the caregivers’ attitude with regard to the pain control (correlation: 0.46, p < 0.05). Xylocaine spray is demanded is an effective therapy to manage the pain caused by endotracheal tube, which is also crucial to meet patient satisfaction in intensive care.
Negotiation Data Channels Using the Session Description Protocol (SDP) (2021)

Data channel setup can be done using either the in-band Data Channel
Establishment Protocol (DCEP) or using some out-of-band non-DCEP
protocol. This document specifies how the SDP (Session Description
Protocol) offer/answer exchange can be used to achieve an out-of-band
non-DCEP negotiation for establishing a data channel.
Multiviewpoint video coding with MPEG-2 compatibility (1996)

An efficient video coding scheme is presented as an extension of the MPEG-2 standard to accommodate the transmission of multiple viewpoint sequences on bandwidth-limited channels. With the goal of compression and speed, the proposed approach incorporates a variety of existing computer graphics tools and techniques. Construction of each viewpoint image is predicted using a combination of perspective projection of three-dimensional (3-D) models, texture mapping, and digital image warping. Immediate application of the coding specification is foreseeable in systems with hardware-based real-time rendering capabilities, thus providing fast and accurate constructions of multiple perspectives.
Thermporal (2019)

Underperforming, degraded, and missing insulation in US residential buildings is common. Detecting these issues, however, can be difficult. Using thermal cameras during energy audits can aid in locating potential insulation issues, but prior work indicates it is challenging to determine their severity using thermal imagery alone. In this work, we present an easy-to-deploy, temporal thermographic sensor system designed to support residential energy audits through quantitative analysis of building envelope performance. We then offer an evaluation of the system through two studies: (i) a one-week, in-home field study in five homes and (ii) a semi-structured interview study with five professional energy auditors. Our results show our system helps raise awareness, improves homeowners' ability to gauge the severity of issues, and provides opportunities for new interactions between homeowners, building data, and professional auditors.
Pharmacokinetically guided dosing of (high-dose) chemotherapeutic agents (2004)

Dutch Cancer Society, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Baxter Deutschland GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany.
Stichting KNMP fondsen, Den Haag, The Netherlands.
J.E. Jurriaanse Stichting, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Merck Sharp and Dohme B.V., Haarlem, The Netherlands.
Bristol-Myers Squibb B.V., Woerden, The Netherlands.
Pfizer B.V., Capelle aan den IJssel, The Netherlands.
Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
Stichting Netherlands Laboratory for Anticancer Drug Formulation, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Determination of micro-traces of water in gases by a hydrogen gas sensor combined with a conversion reactor column (2004)

Micro-traces of water in gases have been determined by using a combination of a conversion reactor column and a high sensitivity hydrogen gas sensor (abbreviated here to CRHS-GC). A special purge installation was designed to clean the system with dried and purified liquid nitrogen. Micro-traces of water in gases first were introduced into the reactor column. The column was prepared by filling with a mixture of lithium and aluminium hydride (LiAlH4) and glass fibre in a vacuum box, where the water present reacted with LiAlH4 at about 60 °C. Hydrogen was released and determined by the hydrogen gas sensor, which was calibrated by a series of standard micro-trace hydrogen mixture gases. The experimental results showed that this method can be used to determine micro-traces of water in gases quickly, accurately and at a low cost. Only about 2–5 litres of sample were needed during each analysis. The method developed does not have the shortcoming of direct determination of micro-traces of water in gases that is caused by the absence of appropriate traceable calibration gases.
Tactics of a neurosurgeon in the acute period of complicated spinal injury (1991)

A comprehensive examination of 207 patients with spinal and spinal cord injuries in the acute period of the disease was carried out. 120 patients were operated on during the first 2 days after admission to the hospital. 87 patients received conservative treatment. The regression of the neurological deficit and the results of treatment for the restoration of function were the best in the group of operated patients.
Correction: Dynamic Impedance Model of the Skin-Electrode Interface for Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation (2015)

A funder is missing from the manuscript’s Funding section. The correct funding statement is as follows: JLVL was supported by the Mexican Council of Research and Technology (CONACYT) grant: 236850 (www.conacyt.mx). This work was also supported by the Vienna Science and Technology Fund (WWTF), Proj.Nr. LS11-057 (www.wwtf.at), and the Wings for Life Spinal Cord Research Foundation (WfL), Proj.Nr. WFL-AT-007/11 (http://www.wingsforlife.com). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
CO<sub>2</sub> Capture by a Rhenium(I) Complex with the Aid of Triethanolamine (2013)

A rhenium(I) tricarbonyl diimine complex with a N,N-dimethylformamide ligand captures one CO2 molecule in the presence of triethanolamine (TEOA), giving fac-[Re(I)(bpy)(CO)3{R2N-CH2CH2O-COO}] (bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine, R = CH2CH2OH). This could be a predominant complex in various photocatalytic CO2 reduction reactions using [Re(I)(N^N)(CO)3X](n+) (N^N = diimine ligand; X = monodentate ligand; n = 0, 1) type complexes in the presence of TEOA.