gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Map Matching Algorithm Based on Mobile Phone Location (2011)

According to many shortcomings such as high cost, small coverage and small samples of methods based on GPS, license plate recognition or RFID for collecting traffic information, the methods based on mobile phone locations for collecting traffic information are more and more popular with the conditions of large number of users and advanced location technology about mobile phone. However, the map matching algorithms based on mobile phone locations can not meet the requirements for input data to traffic information collecting systems because of the larger sampling time interval and lower positioning accuracy of mobile phone locations than GPS locations. Consequently, a map matching algorithm based on mobile phone locations is designed considering the factors of distance, angle and travel expense. The verification results with measured data show that higher positioning accuracy can be acquired by the algorithm put forward above, which will provide reliable decision information for traffic management.
Epitaxial growth of Ge films on GaAs (285–415 °C) by laser photochemical vapor deposition (1988)

Epitaxial Ge films have been grown on [001]GaAs by laser photochemical vapor deposition (LPVD) for substrate temperatures (Ts) in the 285≤Ts≤415 °C interval. Films 400–700 Å thick were grown at rates up to ∼1 Å s−1 (0.6–5 nm/min) by photodissociating GeH4 with an ArF (193 nm) laser in parallel geometry (i.e., laser beam passes above and parallel to substrate). The quality of the Ge/GaAs heterointerfaces has been examined by plan-view and cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy. Convergent beam electron diffraction, selected area diffraction patterns, and lattice images show the LPVD films to be epitaxial, whereas films grown in the absence of ultraviolet laser radiation (i.e., by conventional chemical vapor deposition) are amorphous (Ts=305 °C) or heavily defected polycrystalline (Ts=415 °C). Epitaxy apparently hinges on the laser production of a species which migrates more than 10–60 mean free paths to reach the substrate (or is collisionally transformed en route into a more stable species) and dramatically alters the surface chemistry. The large number of collisions involved points to the transformation of photochemically generated GeH2 or GeH3 into Ge2H6 as the key gas phase reaction.
Molecular Moment Similarity Between Several Nucleoside Analogs of Thymidine and Thymidine (1999)

Molecular moment descriptors of the shape and charge distributions of twenty five nucleoside structures have been examined. The structures include thymidine as well as the difluorotoluene nucleoside analog which has been found to pair efficiently with adenine by polymerase catalysis. The remaining twenty three structures have been chosen to be as structurally similar to thymidine and to the difluorotoluene nucleoside analog as possible. The moment descriptors which include a description of the relationship of molecular charge to shape show the difluorotoluene nucleoside to be one of the most proximate molecules to thymidine in the space of the molecular moments. The calculations, therefore, suggest that polymerase specificity might be not only a consequence of molecular steric features alone but also of the molecular electrostatic environment and its registration with molecular shape.
Tumstatin Peptide, an Inhibitor of Angiogenesis, Prevents Glomerular Hypertrophy in the Early Stage of Diabetic Nephropathy (2004)

In the early stage of diabetic nephropathy (one of the major microvascular complications of diabetes) glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertrophy are observed. It is clinically important to regulate glomerular hypertrophy for preventing glomerulosclerosis. The number of glomerular endothelial cells is known to be increased in diabetic nephropathy associated with enlarged glomerular tufts, suggesting that the mechanism is similar to that of angiogenesis. Tumstatin peptide is an angiogenesis inhibitor derived from type IV collagen and inhibits in vivo neovascularization induced by vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the mediators of glomerular hypertrophy in diabetic nephropathy. Here, we show the effect of tumstatin peptide in inhibiting alterations in early diabetic nephropathy. Glomerular hypertrophy, hyperfiltration, and albuminuria were suppressed by tumstatin peptide (1 mg/kg) in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Glomerular matrix expansion, the increase of total glomerular cell number and glomerular endothelial cells (CD31 positive), and monocyte/macrophage accumulation was inhibited by tumstatin peptide. Increase in renal expression of VEGF, flk-1, and angiopoietin-2, an antagonist of angiopoietin-1, was inhibited by tumstatin treatment in diabetic mice. Alteration of glomerular nephrin expression, a podocyte protein crucial for maintaining glomerular filtration barrier, was recovered by tumstatin in diabetic mice. Taken together, these results demonstrate the potential use of antiangiogenic tumstatin peptide as a novel therapeutic agent in early diabetic nephropathy.
Effect of recolonisation with "interfering" alpha streptococci on recurrences of acute and secretory otitis media in children: randomised placebo controlled trial (2001)

Selected bacteria with the ability to inhibit the growth of common otopathogens can be used to protect against recurrent acute otitis media and secretory otitis media in children.
IEEE 802.11 MAC-Level FEC scheme with retransmission combining (2006)

In this paper, we evaluate and enhance the performance of a Forward Error Correction (FEC) scheme for IEEE 802.11 Medium Access Control (MAC). A novel retransmission combining technique is proposed to enhance the performance of the MAC-level FEC scheme.,We also identify the problem with the IEEE 802.11a physical (PHY) layer when it is used with the MAC-level FEC. A new PHY frame format, backward compatible with the original format, is proposed to resolve the problem. Finally, we analytically evaluate the error performance of the MAC-level FEC, and its enhanced performance via retransmission combining and new 802.11a PHY frame format in AWGN environment. Additionally, we present and discuss the results from simulations using TCP/UDP traffic in more realistic channel environments.
Dietary salmon milt extracts attenuate hepatosteatosis and liver dysfunction in diet‐induced fatty liver model (2018)

Dietary SME improved liver function in the diet-induced fatty liver model. Activation of mitochondrial biogenetic function might be involved in this process. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
An Alliance of Gel-Based and Gel-Free Proteomic Techniques Displays Substantial Insight Into the Proteome of a Virulent and an Attenuated Histomonas meleagridis Strain (2018)

The unicellular protozoan <i>Histomonas meleagridis</i> is notorious for being the causative agent of histomonosis, which can cause high mortality in turkeys and substantial production losses in chickens. The complete absence of commercially available curative strategies against the disease renders the devising of novel approaches a necessity. A fundamental step toward this objective is to understand the flagellate's virulence and attenuation mechanisms. For this purpose we have previously conducted a comparative proteomic analysis of an <i>in vitro</i> cultivated virulent and attenuated histomonad parasite using two-dimensional electrophoresis and MALDI-TOF/TOF. The current work aimed to substantially extend the knowledge of the flagellate's proteome by applying 2D-DIGE and sequential window acquisition of all theoretical mass spectra (SWATH) MS as tools on the two well-defined strains. In the gel-based experiments, 49 identified protein spots were found to be differentially expressed, of which 37 belonged to the <i>in vitro</i> cultivated virulent strain and 12 to the attenuated one. The most frequently identified proteins in the virulent strain take part in cytoskeleton formation, carbohydrate metabolism and adaptation to stress. However, post-translationally modified or truncated ubiquitous cellular proteins such as actin and GAPDH were identified as upregulated in multiple gel positions. This indicated their contribution to processes not related to cytoskeleton and carbohydrate metabolism, such as fibronectin or plasminogen binding. Proteins involved in cell division and cytoskeleton organization were frequently observed in the attenuated strain. The findings of the gel-based studies were supplemented by the gel-free SWATH MS analysis, which identified and quantified 42 significantly differentially regulated proteins. In this case proteins with peptidase activity, metabolic proteins and actin-regulating proteins were the most frequent findings in the virulent strain, while proteins involved in hydrogenosomal carbohydrate metabolism dominated the results in the attenuated one.
α-Tocopherol Induces Oxidative Damage to DNA in the Presence of Copper(II) Ions (1998)

There is currently much interest in the possibility that dietary antioxidants may confer protection from certain diseases, such as atherosclerosis and cancer. The importance of alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) as a biological antioxidant is widely recognized. However, pro-oxidant properties of alpha-tocopherol have been observed in chemical systems, and it has been reported that the vitamin can induce tumor formation and act as a complete tumor promotor in laboratory animals. In the present communication, we find that alpha-tocopherol can act as a potent DNA-damaging agent in the presence of copper(II) ions, using a simplified, in vitro model. alpha-Tocopherol was found to promote copper-dependent reactive oxygen species formation from molecular oxygen, resulting in DNA base oxidation and backbone cleavage. Neither alpha-tocopherol nor Cu(II) alone induced DNA damage. Bathocuproine, a Cu(I)-specific chelator, and catalase inhibited the DNA damage, whereas free hydroxyl radical scavengers did not. The order of DNA cleavage sites was thymine, cytosine > guanine residues. Examinations using an oxygen electrode and cytochrome c indicate that molecular oxygen was consumed in the reaction of alpha-tocopherol and Cu(II) and that superoxide was formed. Stoichiometry studies showed that two Cu(II) ions could be reduced by each alpha-tocopherol molecule. Electron spin resonance spin-trapping investigations were then used to demonstrate that hydrogen peroxide interacts with Cu(I) to generate the reactive species responsible for DNA damage, which is either the hydroxyl radical or a species of similar reactivity. These findings may be of relevance to the tumorigenic properties of the vitamin reported in the literature. However, further studies are required to establish the significance of these reactions under in vivo conditions.
353. Elimination of sulphinate from sulphonic esters (1959)

J. D. Loudon and I. Wellings, J. Chem. Soc., 1959, 1780 DOI: 10.1039/JR9590001780
Self‐Aligned and Scalable Growth of Monolayer WSe<sub>2</sub>–MoS<sub>2</sub> Lateral Heterojunctions (2018)

Abstract 2D layered heterostructures have attracted intensive interests due to their unique optical, transport, and interfacial properties. The laterally stitched heterojunction based on dissimilar 2D transition metal dichalcogenides forms an intrinsic p – n junction without the necessity of applying an external voltage. However, no scalable processes are reported to construct the devices with such lateral heterostructures. Here, a scalable strategy, two‐step and location‐selective chemical vapor deposition, is reported to synthesize self‐aligned WSe 2 –MoS 2 monolayer lateral heterojunction arrays and demonstrates their light‐emitting devices. The proposed fabrication process enables the growth of high‐quality interfaces and the first successful observation of electroluminescence at the WSe 2 –MoS 2 lateral heterojunction. The electroluminescence study has confirmed the type‐I alignment at the interface rather than commonly believed type‐II alignment. This self‐aligned growth process paves the way for constructing various 2D lateral heterostructures in a scalable manner, practically important for integrated 2D circuit applications.
Low CoO grazing incidence collectors for EUVL HVM (2012)

Media Lario Technologies (MLT) uses its proprietary replication by electroforming technology to manufacture grazing incidence collectors in support of the EUVL technology roadmap. With the experience of more than 20 alpha and preproduction collectors installed to date, and with the development results of the Advanced Cooling Architecture (ACA) for High Volume Manufacturing (HVM) collector generation, we present optical, lifetime, and thermo-optical performance of the grazing incidence collectors, meeting the requirements of HVM scanners for a throughput target of more than 100 wafers per hour. The ruthenium reflective layer of the grazing incidence collector is very forgiving to the hostile environment of the plasma sources, as proven by the installed base with 1-year lifetime expectancy. On the contrary, the multilayer-based collector is vulnerable to Sn deposition and ion bombardment, and the need to mitigate this issue has led to a steady increase of the complexity of the LPP source architecture. With the awareness that the source and collector module is the major risk against the timely adoption of EUVL in HVM, we propose a new paradigm that, by using the field-proven design simplicity and robustness of the grazing incidence collector in both LDP and LPP sources, effectively reduces the risk of both source architectures and improves their reliability.
Decomposing feature models: language, environment, and applications (2011)

Variability in software product lines is often expressed through feature models (FMs). To handle the complexity of increasingly larger FMs, we propose semantically meaningful decomposition support through a slicing operator. We describe how the slicing operator is integrated into the FAMILIAR environment and how it can be combined with other operators to support complex tasks over FMs in different case studies.
Anion complexation and sensing using modified urea and thiourea-based receptors (2010)

This critical review highlights recent advances in the structurally modified (thio)urea-based receptors for anion complexation and sensing. Modifications of the (thio)urea structure are aimed at a better anion binding in terms of higher binding constant, anion selectivity and feasibility. Major (thio)urea receptors are reviewed as N-alkyl, N-aryl and N-amido/N-amino (thio)ureas. Hints for designing (thio)urea-based receptors for anions are discussed (102 references).
Automated Template Generation for Question Answering over Knowledge Graphs (2017)

Templates are an important asset for question answering over knowledge graphs, simplifying the semantic parsing of input utterances and generating structured queries for interpretable answers. State-of-the-art methods rely on hand-crafted templates with limited coverage. This paper presents QUINT, a system that automatically learns utterance-query templates solely from user questions paired with their answers. Additionally, QUINT is able to harness language compositionality for answering complex questions without having any templates for the entire question. Experiments with different benchmarks demonstrate the high quality of QUINT.
Synthesis and Antimicrobial Assessment of Fe<sup>3+</sup> Inclusion Complex of <i>p</i>-<i>tert</i>-Butylcalix[4]arene Diamide Derivative (2019)

Present study deals with the synthesis of the p - tert -butylcalix[4]arene diamide derivative as ligand (L) and its Fe 3+ complex, followed by its characterization using TLC and FT-IR, while UV-Vis and Job’s plot study were performed for complex formation. Antimicrobial activity of the derivative (L) and its metal complex was carried out by the disc diffusion method against bacteria ( Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus albus ) and fungi ( R. stolonifer ). Different concentrations of the derivative (L) (6, 3, 1.5, 0.75, and 0.37 μ g/mL) and its Fe 3+ complex were prepared, and Mueller–Hinton agar was used as the medium for the growth of microorganisms. Six successive dilutions of the derivative (L) and Fe 3+ complex were used against microorganisms. Two successive dilutions (6 and 3 μ g/mL) of the derivative (L) showed antibacterial action against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In addition, three successive dilutions (6, 3, and 1.5 μ g/mL) of the derivative (L) showed antifungal activity. However, all of six dilutions of the Fe 3+ complex showed antimicrobial activity. Derivative (L) showed 3 and 1.5 μ g/mL minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) against bacteria and fungi, respectively. On the contrary, its Fe 3+ complex showed 0.37 μ g/mL value of MIC against bacteria and fungi. Hence, Fe 3+ complex of the derivative (L) was found to be a more effective antimicrobial agent against selected bacteria and fungi than the diamide derivative (L).
Parametric Study of Jatropha Seeds for Biodiesel Production by Reactive Extraction (2010)

Abstract The purpose of the present study was to reduce the cost and increase the efficiency of biodiesel production by reactive extraction (in situ) of Jatropha seeds. Oil from the seeds was extracted and reacted in a single step. Experimental studies have been carried out to maximize the yield of biodiesel by varying the reaction parameters viz. seed size (<0.85 mm to >2.46 mm), seed/solvent ratio (w/w) (1:2.6–1:7.8) and catalyst concentration (0.05–0.1 M). Under the optimized conditions: seed size (>2.46 mm), seed/solvent ratio (w/w) (1:7.8), catalyst concentration (0.1 M) and reaction time 1 h, approximately 98% conversion to biodiesel was achieved meeting International (ASTM) as well as National (BIS) specifications. The results were supported by HPLC analysis.
Targeting BRK-Positive Breast Cancers with Small-Molecule Kinase Inhibitors (2016)

Approximately 80% of breast cancers overexpress the kinase breast tumor kinase (BRK)/protein tyrosine kinase 6, which has various oncogenic roles in breast cancer cell proliferation, survival, and migration. However, BRK inhibitors have yet to be explored as possible therapeutic tools. In this study, we used a parallel compound-centric approach to discover a new class of pharmaceutical agents, exemplified by XMU-MP-2, as potent and selective BRK inhibitors. XMU-MP-2 exhibited target-specific inhibition of BRK kinase activity and disrupted signaling pathways mediated by this activity, thereby reducing proliferation in BRK-positive breast cancer cells. In mouse xenograft models, XMU-MP-2 repressed the growth of tumors driven by oncogenic BRK, including BRK-transformed Ba/F3 cells and BRK-positive breast cancer cells. Notably, XMU-MP-2 cooperated strongly with HER2 inhibitor or ER blockade to block breast cancer cell proliferation in vitro and in vivo Overall, our findings offer a preclinical proof of concept for therapeutic targeting of the BRK kinase in breast cancer. Cancer Res; 77(1); 175-86. ©2016 AACR.
Dermatological disease diagnosis using color-skin images (2012)

This paper presents an automated dermatological diagnostic system. Etymologically, dermatology is the medical discipline of analysis and treatment of skin anomalies. The system presented is a machine intervention in contrast to human arbitration into the conventional medical personnel based ideology of dermatological diagnosis. The system works on two dependent steps - the first detects skin anomalies and the latter identifies the diseases. The system operates on visual input i.e. high resolution color images and patient history. In terms of machine intervention, the system uses color image processing techniques, k-means clustering and color gradient techniques to identify the diseased skin. For disease classification, the system resorts to feedforward backpropagation artificial neural networks. The system exhibits a diseased skin detection accuracy of 95.99% and disease identification accuracy of 94.016% while tested for a total of 2055 diseased areas in 704 skin images for 6 diseases.
A Substitute Name for Perognathus penicillatus seorsus (1939)

A Substitute Name for Perognathus penicillatus seorsus E. A. Goldman E. A. Goldman U. S. Biological Survey, Washington, D. C. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of Mammalogy, Volume 20, Issue 2, 14 May 1939, Page 257, https://doi.org/10.1093/jmammal/20.2.257a Published: 14 May 1939
Circulating and Local Bone Marrow Renin-angiotensin System in Leukemic Hematopoiesis: Preliminary Evidences (2002)

Until last the decade, the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) was considered as a circulating endocrine system. It is now known that there are local RASs in many tissues. It has also recently been hypothesized that there exists a local bone marrow (BM) RAS with paracrine/autocrine pathobiological functions. The aim of this study was to detect BM and peripheral blood levels of the essential RAS components in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis. Concentrations of renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) were assayed in BM aspirates and in simultaneously drawn peripheral blood samples of 16 pre-chemotherapy leukemic and 10 post-treatment megaloblastic anemia patients with normal blood counts, as controls. In the leukemia group, the ACE concentration was found to be significantly higher in the BM (38+/-6.2 U/l) than in the peripheral blood (29.5+/-5.3 U/l), (p=0.029). In the leukemia group, although the BM renin concentration was higher than the peripheral blood levels (21.3+/-8.3 vs. 18.6+/-6.2 U/l), this difference was not statistically significant (p=0.196). In the control group, mean BM renin levels were insignificantly lower than in the peripheral blood (8.6+/-3 vs. 12.1+/-4.6 pg/ml) (p=0.059). In the leukemia group, serum ACE levels positively correlated with BM and peripheral blood blast percentages (p<0.05). Serum LDH level (p<0.01), BM blast (p<0.05) and peripheral blast percentages (p<0.01) were inversely correlated with serum potassium in the leukemia group.The results of this study can be considered as the preliminary evidence supporting the hypothesis of the presence of a local BM RAS. Further, molecular biologic and immunohistochemical studies are needed to shed light on this important subject. A better understanding of the interrelationships of RAS and hematopoiesis will bring new insights into the pathobiology and even novel therapies for such neoplastic diseases.
Adaptive convolutional neural network for large change in video object segmentation (2019)

This study tackles the semi‐supervised segmentation task for the objects that have large motion or appearance change in a video sequence, which is very challenging to the existing methods of video object segmentation (VOS). In this study, a novel adaptive approach is presented, named adaptive convolutional neural network for large change VOS, which determines when and how to fine‐tune the convolutional neural network through the motion metric and the appearance metric among consecutive video frames. Additionally, a lightweight optimisation algorithm for the predictive binary mask is introduced which is effective for pixel prediction by eliminating the discrete points cluster. To illustrate the advantages of this approach, experiments have been performed on four VOS datasets, which demonstrate that the proposed method is highly effective and could achieve the state‐of‐the‐art on these datasets.
Analysis of skin basalioma and melanoma by multispectral imaging (2012)

A clinical trial involving multi-spectral imaging of histologically confirmed 8 basaliomas and 30 melanomas was performed. Parametric maps of the melanin index, erythema index and melanoma-nevus differentiation parameter have been constructed and mutually compared. Specific features of basalioma and melanoma images were analyzed and discussed.