gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-Controlled Microchip Liquid Chromatography System (2006)

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) is one of the most important analytical tools heavily used in the fields of chemistry, biotechnology, pharmaceutics, and the food industry. The power of liquid chromatography comes from its ability to achieve molecular separation with extremely high efficiency and its great flexibility of incorporating versatile sensors for detecting a broad range of analytes. In the past decades, great efforts have been put into liquid chromatography instrumentation and methods, aiming to further improve separation efficiency, sensitivity, repeatability, throughput, and costs. The contribution of this thesis is to illustrate with real examples the great potential of MEMS microchip liquid chromatography systems with on-chip temperature control for replacing and improving the conventional desktop HPLC systems. This thesis is composed of seven chapters. Chapter 1 gives an introduction to MEMS technology and its application in making lab-on-a-chip systems. Chapter 2 describes the theoretical background and the evolution of HPLC technology. Chapter 3 demonstrates how to use state-of-the-art MEMS technology to make high-pressure microfluidic channels, which will be used for constructing microchip HPLC systems later. Chapter 4 describes a temperature-controlled microchip HPLC system that uses a temporal temperature gradient to achieve analyte elution. Separation of amino acids and low density lipoproteins was successfully demonstrated using the proposed system. Chapter 5 describes a novel embedded HPLC system, which demonstrated a record high pressure capacity (> 1000 psi) among microchip HPLC systems. High quality separation results of trace-level daunorubicin and doxorubicin were obtained using the proposed system and laser-induced fluorescence detection. A novel C4D sensor together with the RISE sensitivity enhancement method was proposed and investigated for the first time for microchip HPLC analyte detection. Chapter 6 describes the first work to pack 30 nm gold nanoparticles into the HPLC separation column as the stationary phase with the assistance of in-situ molecular self-assembly between nanoparticles and thiolated molecules. Preliminary results demonstrated the possibility of building fully filled nanoparticle HPLC columns for extremely high separation efficiency application. Chapter 7 then gives the conclusions of this thesis.
Medicating Children With Attention Deficit Disorder (1988)

To the Editor.— I read the position statement by the American Academy of Pediatrics, Committees on Children With Disabilities and Drugs (Pediatrics 1987;80:758-760) regarding medication for children with attention deficit disorder. It is encouraging that the American Academy of Pediatrics has undertaken to bring this information to its membership; it is disappointing that, in discussing evaluation and treatment, there was no acknowledgment of any role for the child psychiatrist, even though the vast majority of research into diagnosis and treatment has been done by child psychiatrists and published in the psychiatric literature.
Antibody–Drug Conjugate Payloads (2013)

Toxin payloads, or drugs, are the crucial components of therapeutic antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). This review will give an introduction on the requirements that make a toxic compound suitable to be used in an antitumoral ADC and will summarize the structural and mechanistic features of four drug families that yielded promising results in preclinical and clinical studies.
数据可视化：可视化技术带来的全员参与，是每位领导者都梦寐以求的 (2008)

随着可视化技术的逐步发展，企业领导者又多了一项提高员工问题解决能力的有效途径。可视化技术，即将电子数据用复杂的图形表示出来，达到直观可视的效果。研究发现，通过高级可视化技术将数据展现出来后，会引发出多得让人吃惊的、各种激情洋溢的讨论。面对数据，人们或提问，或评论，或讲理论，或摆事实。这儿为什么数据特别集中，那儿为什么出现下降趋势，等等，问题多样，且变化多端。这样程度高、范围广的全员参与是每位企业领导都梦寐以求的，要知道，很多创新往往就是来源于这些最原始的思维碰撞。
Childhood Maltreatment Increases Risk for Personality Disorders During Early Adulthood (1999)

Persons in the community who have experienced childhood abuse or neglect are considerably more likely than those who were not abused or neglected to have PDs and elevated PD symptom levels during early adulthood. Childhood abuse and neglect may contribute to the onset of some PDs.
Nanoporous Graphene Oxide Thin Films from Nanohybrid Multilayers (2011)

We report on the preparation and characterization study of new nanoporous reduced graphene oxide (rGO) film fabricated from electrostatic layer-by-layer assembly of gold nanoparticles (gold-NPs) and rGO. Well distributed gold-NPs in multilayer film means that the gold-NPs can be readily dissolved by the addition of cyanide ions, which allows for a direct and precise comparison of the porosity of multilayer thin films based on rGO under the presence and absence of the gold-NPs. In addition, the LbL assembly methods offers the big advantages of possibilities in mass production and 2-dimensional nano-objects based film prepared from large size substrates. We expect that this demonstration offers a new route to introduce nanopore into multilayer thin films and opens up the possibility of building more complex functional multicomponent nanoporous structure consisting of 2-dimensional nano-objects, which are believed to be useful for nanodevice systems.
Intravenous Iloprost Infusion in Patients with Raynaud Phenomenon Secondary to Systemic Sclerosis: A Multicenter, Placebo-controlled, Double-Blind Study (1994)

Iloprost is effective for the short-term palliation of severe Raynaud phenomenon in patients with systemic sclerosis.
Use of the T4 Polynucleotide Ligase in The Joining of Flush‐Ended DNA Segments Generated by Restriction Endonucleases (1978)

Double-stranded DNA segments with completely base-paired ends were obtained by the action of various restriction endonucleases on phage and plasmid DNAs. These segments were joined covalently by the T4 polynucleotide ligase. The joining was monitored by the electron microscopy count of intramolecularly circularized segments. The highest extent of joining, close to 75%, was observed at 15-25 degrees C with the segments resulting from the action of the Bacillus subtilis (strain R) restriction endonuclease Bsu on the DNA of bacteriophage SPPI or of the plasmid pSC 101. The joining of double-stranded termini required about 10 times more enzyme than the short single-stranded termini produced by the Escherichia coli restriction endonuclease EcoRI. A shortened purification of the T4 ligase was found to give an enzyme devoid of interfacing nucleases.
Comparative Pharmacokinetic Analysis by Standard Two‐Stage Method versus Nonparametric Population Modeling (2003)

Although the study sample was small, our parallel analyses of the same data set clearly demonstrated that more precise parameter estimates are likely to result with the population-modeling technique. Having accurate and precise estimation of population pharmacokinetic parameters and their true variances is crucial, as, at any dose, there'will be a lower probability of encountering a concentration-driven toxicity because of fewer outliers as the variance associated with the parameters decreases.
Growth Factors and Corneal Endothelial Cells: III. Stimulation of Adult Human Corneal Endothelial Cell Mitosis In Vitro by Defined Mitogenic Agents (1992)

Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC) do not mitose extensively in vivo after damage to the endothelial layer. However, HCEC will divide in vitro if cultured under appropriate conditions. We measured the ability of various sera, plasma, growth factors, and nutritional substances to stimulate mitosis of HCEC during 5 days of organ culture after a central freeze injury to the endothelium. Supplementation of a chemically defined medium (CDM) with 20% fetal human serum (FHS) induced significantly higher numbers of mitotic figures or labeled nuclei of human or cat corneas compared with paired corneas cultured in CDM alone. Furthermore, addition of 20% FHS produced more labeled nuclei than did addition of 20% fetal bovine serum or 20% adult human serum. Dialyzed fetal human serum failed to stimulate mitosis, indicating that one or more components of fetal human serum with molecular weight less than 12,000 are essential for mitosis. Human plasma also failed to stimulate mitosis, but an extract of human platelets significantly stimulated high levels of nuclear labeling, suggesting that growth factors contained in platelet granules were responsible for serum-stimulated mitosis of HCEC. Addition of 100 nM epidermal growth factor (EGF) or 10 microM insulin to CDM supplemented with low levels of adult human serum (0.5%) stimulated significantly higher numbers of labeled nuclei compared with paired corneas cultured with 0.5% adult human serum. Supplementation of corneal storage media (K-Sol and CSM) with a mixture of chemically defined agents consisting of EGF, insulin, transferrin, selenium, linoleic acid, and albumin stimulated significantly higher numbers of labeled nuclei compared with paired corneas cultured in the unsupplemented corneal storage media.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Duromer MID technology for system-in-package generation (2005)

The Duromer molded interconnect device (MID) technology for realization of a stackable system-in-package (SiP) is similar to conventional MID technology, which is usually realized using thermoplastic polymers, combining the functionality of housing and substrate into one device. Advantages of the conventional MID technology are the reduction of parts during assembly by integrating mechanical and electrical functionality into a device and the reduction of space, as MID allows a three-dimensional (3-D) integration of devices. A disadvantage of conventional technology, especially if combined with typical technical thermoplastics, is the large mismatch in coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) between substrate and advanced microelectronic components as chip scale package (CSP) or flip-chip. This is reducing the applicability of thermoplastic MID to moderate temperature ranges and/or to rather robust components. To overcome this disadvantage, the use of low CTE duromer as epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) as base material for device assembly is proposed, generating a unique technology well adapted to SiP and microelectromechanical system (MEMS) packaging needs, the Duromer MID approach. The technological realization of Duromer MID uses conventional backend processes as IC bonding to flex, transfer molding using epoxy molding compounds, laser machining, metallization, and structurization processes well known from PCB processing. The use of existing equipment allows both a rather fast process implementation and a cost-effective manufacturing of the components. Within this paper, the investigations described previously are driven further toward a description of a generic packaging technology integrating detailed analysis of metallization processes and assembly issues. Summarized, this paper presents further process development and feasibility analysis of wafer-level packaging technologies for SiP solutions based on a Duromer MID approach.
A median cut algorithm for light probe sampling (2006)

We present a technique for approximating a light probe image as a constellation of light sources based on a median cut algorithm. The algorithm is efficient, simple to implement, and can realistically represent a complex lighting environment with as few as 64 point light sources.
Experimental Yellow Fever Virus Infection in the Golden Hamster<i>(Mesocricetus auratus).</i>II. Pathology (2001)

Subadult and adult hamsters were inoculated intraperitoneally with 10(6) TCID(50) of yellow fever (YF) virus (Jimenez strain). Four animals from each group were subjected daily to histologic examination for 9 days. The liver showed spotty necrosis on day 3 after infection, which was followed by steatosis and focally confluent necrosis. In surviving hamsters, hepatocyte regeneration began on day 8, which was accompanied by decreasing steatosis. The spleen initially exhibited lymphoid hyperplasia, which was followed by lymphoid depletion and increased phagocytosis by splenic macrophages. Focal pancreatic acinar necrosis and spotty adrenal cortical necrosis were seen transiently between days 5 and 7. Viral antigen was detected immunohistochemically in the liver and the spleen. TUNEL analysis showed a dynamic change of hepatocyte necrapoptosis, with activity corresponding to the severity of disease. The histopathologic changes were more severe in younger (subadult) animals. The YF-hamster model appears to be an accurate and inexpensive experimental system for studying the pathophysiology and treatment of YF.
Reduction of internal stress in sputter-deposited films by energetic ion bombardment (1996)

Considerable relaxation of the high internal stresses which arise in HfN thin films during their deposition by a sputtering method has been accomplished through bombarding the films with energetic silicon ions. The internal stresses have been estimated from the measurements of the surface curvature. Our results indicate a relaxation of the internal compressive stresses in the films, which occurs via a transport of the interstitial defects within the thermal spikes created by a post-deposition energetic ion bombardment. The mechanical properties of HfN films before and after the treatment have been studied by depth-sensing indentation technique while the structural analysis has been made using x-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering, and Auger electron spectroscopy. Ion bombardment did not affect resistivity of the thin films while improving their plastic properties.
Immunologic Interrelationships of Coliform Heat-Labile and Heat-Stable Enterotoxins (1979)

Abstract : The goal of these studies is the development of an immunization program to prevent diarrheal disease due to intestinal contamination by enterotoxigenic strains of coliform bacteria. We have found that immunization with the polymyxin-release form of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin by means of a parenteral prime followed by peroral boosts yields the combination of maximum immediate and extended protection and demonstrated that this immunization regimen is totally protective when gnotobiotic rats are challenged by intestinal contamination with strains of E. coli which produce the heat-labile toxin.
Conversion of vitamin D3 binding protein (group-specific component) to a macrophage activating factor by the stepwise action of <i>beta</i> -galactosidase of B cells and sialidase of T cells. (1993)

Highly conserved DBP (human DBP is known as Gc) of serum alpha 2-globulin fraction can be converted to a potent macrophage activating factor by stepwise modification of Gc glycoprotein with beta-galactosidase of B cells and sialidase of T cells. These glycosidases, beta-galactosidase and sialidase, are membrane bound and not soluble in culture medium. Thus, consecutive contact of Gc protein with B cells and T cells, presumably via specific receptors, is required for conversion of Gc glycoprotein to the macrophage activating factor. The essential role of T cell sialidase in macrophage activation was confirmed by the finding that peritoneal nonadherent cells of SM/J mouse, whose T cells are deficient in sialidase activity, were unable to convert Gc protein to the macrophage activating factor and thus did not activate macrophages. Treatment with sialidase of a conditioned medium of lipid metabolite-treated SM/J mouse nonadherent cells efficiently generated the macrophage activating factor. When Gc protein was first treated with soluble or immobilized sialidase and used in a medium for 2 h cultivation of lipid metabolite-treated SM/J mouse nonadherent cells or BALB/c mouse B cells, the resultant conditioned media contained a large amount of the macrophage activating factor. These results support the hypothesis that Gc protein carries a dibranched trisaccharide with galactose and sialic acid termini.
Uplink-downlink imbalance in TDMA personal communication systems (2002)

An important aspect of any channel assignment algorithm should be balancing the performance of uplink and downlink. Differences in receiver performance, diversity and transmit power used at mobiles and base stations are potential sources of imbalance. In addition, there is a fundamental asymmetry between uplink and downlink interference caused by the locations of mobiles and base stations. We investigate the nature of this asymmetry and prove that the uplink frequently has worse interference. Furthermore, this difference shows little dependence on the degree of mobility and is basically associated with the location of mobiles rather than their speed.
Endothelial cell mitogens derived from retina and hypothalamus: biochemical and biological similarities. (1984)

Bovine retina and hypothalamus contain anionic endothelial cell mitogens that display unusual affinities for the negatively charged glycosaminoglycan heparin. Both growth factor activities are acidic polypeptides (pl's of 5.0) as determined by isoelectric focusing and DEAE-affinity chromatography. In spite of their anionic nature, the factors bound to heparin-Sepharose columns with high affinity and could be eluted only at high salt concentrations (0.9-1.1 M NaCl). The affinity of the retina-derived growth factor (RDGF) for heparin permitted a 15,000-fold purification of the mitogen in two steps: heparin-affinity chromatography and size exclusion high-performance liquid chromatography. RDGF and the anionic hypothalamus-derived factor (aHDGF) exhibit three major biochemical similarities including isoelectric point, (pl's of 5.0), heparin affinity (elution at 0.9-1.1 M NaCl) and molecular weight (18,000). Additionally, the two factors display similar biological activities, stimulating the proliferation of capillary and human umbilical vein endothelial and 3T3 cells but not vascular smooth muscle cells. We suggest that RDGF and aHDGF are related if not identical growth factor molecules.
Mobile interaction using steganographic image on mobile display (2008)

This demonstration shows novel interaction between mobile devices and their nearby devices using digital images on a mobile display. The interaction needs neither special hardware for communication, nor additional software for existing mobile devices. In the interaction, users of mobile devices can easily interact with nearby devices by three procedures: 1) selecting an image, 2) displaying an image in full-screen mode, or 3) holding the display over a camera connected to the device. The key technology of the interaction is FPcode (Fine Picture code) which is a kind of steganography and can be invisibly embedded in printed images. To enable FPcode to be applied to images on mobile displays, we have developed a camera control method for reducing the influence of moire stripes on the display and variations in display brightness. In the demonstration, we show an application using FPcode on a mobile display.
The sub-channel allocation algorithm in femtocell networks based on Ant Colony Optimization (2012)

Femtocell is an effective technology to improve the system performance. In this paper, we address the problem of sub-channels allocation in OFDMA two-tier femtocell networks. Our objective is to maximize the rate sum of multiple femtocells with consideration of cross-tier interference between macrocell and multiple femtocells. A resource optimization approach based on Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm is proposed to implement the solution process of system. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithms not only improve the capacity of the femtocell system but also provide good proportional fairness among the femtocell users, as compared with the traditional algorithm.
SAEP: Secure and Accurate and Energy-Efficient Time Synchronization in Wireless Sensor Networks (2009)

We have developed a secure, accurate and energy-efficient time synchronization protocol (SAEP). First, SAEP achieves accurate time synchronization service with significantly reducing the number of message exchanges. Second, SAEP safeguards Byzantine failure, in which nodes drop, modify, or delay time information in an attempt to disrupt the time synchronization service in multi-hop networks. SAEP takes a distributed approach where each sensor independently makes decisions based only on the information collected from multiple adjacent nodes, thus achieving a high level of resistance to various attacks at a minimizing energy cost. In our experiment SAEP outperforms the existing time synchronization protocol in accuracy, energy consumption, and it is even resilient to multiple capture attacks.
Changes in GABA<sub>A</sub>Receptor Gene Expression Associated with Selective Alterations in Receptor Function and Pharmacology after Ethanol Withdrawal (2003)

Changes in the expression of subunits of the GABA type A (GABA(A)) receptor are implicated in the development of ethanol tolerance and dependence as well as in the central hyperexcitability associated with ethanol withdrawal. The impact of such changes on GABA(A) receptor function and pharmacological sensitivity was investigated with cultured rat hippocampal neurons exposed to ethanol for 5 d and then subjected to ethanol withdrawal. Both ethanol treatment and withdrawal were associated with a marked decrease in the maximal density of GABA-evoked Cl- currents, whereas the potency of GABA was unaffected. Ethanol exposure also reduced the modulatory efficacy of the benzodiazepine receptor agonists lorazepam, zolpidem, and zaleplon as well as that of the inverse agonists Ro 15-4513 and FG 7142, effects that were associated with a reduced abundance of mRNAs encoding the receptor subunits alpha1, alpha3, gamma2L, and gamma2S. Ethanol withdrawal restored the efficacy of lorazepam, but not that of low concentrations of zolpidem or zaleplon, to control values. Flumazenil, which was ineffective in control neurons, and Ro 15-4513 each potentiated the GABA response after ethanol withdrawal. These effects of withdrawal were accompanied by upregulation of the alpha2, alpha3, and alpha4 subunit mRNAs as well as of the alpha4 protein. Diazepam or gamma-hydroxybutyrate, but not baclofen, prevented the changes in both GABA(A) receptor pharmacology and subunit mRNA levels induced by ethanol withdrawal. Changes in GABA(A) receptor gene expression induced by prolonged exposure to and withdrawal of ethanol are thus associated with altered GABA(A) receptor function and pharmacological sensitivity.
Bisheterocyclic synthesis and antimicrobial studies on some biologically significant 2-[N- (3' -chloro-4' -substituted azetidinone-2)] amino-4-hydroxypurines (2004)

Present communication describes th e synthesis of a seri es o f 2-[N- (3'-chloro-4'-substituted azetidinone-2)]amino-4hydroxypurines 4a-h. 2-Amino-4-hydroxypurine 2 formed by the [4+ I] cycloaddition of 2, 5, 6-triamino-4hydroxypyrimidine with formic acid is subjected to diazotisation followed by coupling with an appropriate active methylene compound under alkaline conditions. The product is treated with chloroacetyl chloride in th e presence of tri eth y l amine and I , 4-dioxane to yield 2-[N- (3'-chloro-4'-substituted azetidinone-2)]amino-4-hydroxypurines 4a-h. The structures of the compounds have been establi shed on the basis of spectroscopic data. All the compounds have been tested for their antim­ icrobial act ivity again st 8 .sublilis, E.coli, P.dill1il1ula, S.aureus and B.pwllilus. They show significant a ntimicrobial activit y. IPC: Int.CL 7
Optimal CMOS cell transistor placement: a relaxation approach (2003)

A relaxation approach for producing a placement of transistors in a CMOS cell in a grid layout style from the circuit schematic diagram is described. For a given objective function, the approach leads to optimal results in most of the cases attempted. Unlike previous constructive approaches, this approach is iterative. It is also quite flexible. It can be used for unrestricted circuit types and can handle a variety of other important parameters affecting the wireability of the layout. The procedure is targeted for use in the automatic generation of custom and gate-array cell libraries.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>