gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High-resolution profilometry by using phase calculation algorithms for spectroscopic analysis of white-light interferograms (1996)

Abstract The proposed profilometer is based on an optical spectral analysis of white-light interferograms. Phase calculation algorithms are applied within the spectral domain for high-resolution profilometry. Absolute one-way optical path differences are measured without any axial scanning of the interferometer. This method is well adapted for the analysis of rough or binary surfaces with a 1 nm resolution.
Genome-Wide Insertional Mutagenesis of <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2003)

Over 225,000 independent Agrobacterium transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion events in the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been created that represent near saturation of the gene space. The precise locations were determined for more than 88,000 T-DNA insertions, which resulted in the identification of mutations in more than 21,700 of the approximately 29,454 predicted Arabidopsis genes. Genome-wide analysis of the distribution of integration events revealed the existence of a large integration site bias at both the chromosome and gene levels. Insertion mutations were identified in genes that are regulated in response to the plant hormone ethylene.
Minimum sample risk methods for language modeling (2005)

This paper proposes a new discriminative training method, called minimum sample risk (MSR), of estimating parameters of language models for text input. While most existing discriminative training methods use a loss function that can be optimized easily but approaches only approximately to the objective of minimum error rate, MSR minimizes the training error directly using a heuristic training procedure. Evaluations on the task of Japanese text input show that MSR can handle a large number of features and training samples; it significantly outperforms a regular trigram model trained using maximum likelihood estimation, and it also outperforms the two widely applied discriminative methods, the boosting and the perceptron algorithms, by a small but statistically significant margin.
Mutagenicity of chloroacetaldehyde, a possible metabolic product of 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride), chloroethanol (ethylene chlorohydrin), vinyl chloride, and cyclophosphamide. (1975)

We have previously described a very sensitive and efficient bacterial test designed to detect chemical carcinogens as mutagens. Chloroacetaldehyde is mutagenic in this system and is of interest because it is a possible metabolite in mammals of the large volume industrial chemicals 1,2-dichloroethane (ethylene dichloride) (3.5 billion kg/yr, U.S.) and vinyl chloride (2.5 billion kg/yr, U.S.), and of the antineoplastic agent cyclophosphamide. Chloroacetaldehyde reverts a new Salmonella bacterial tester strain (TA100). Chloroacetaldehyde is shown to be hundreds of times more effective in reversion of TA100 than is chloroethanol (ethylene chlorohydrin), a known metabolic precursor of chloroacetaldehyde and a possible metabolite of dichloroethane and vinyl chloride, or than vinyl chloride, which is itself mutagenic for TA100. Chloroethanol is shown to be activated by rat (or human) liver homogenates to a more highly mutagenic form with reversion properties similar to chloroacetaldehyde. Reversion properties of cyclophosphamide after in vitro metabolic activation suggest that chloroacetaldehyde is not the active mutagenic form of this antineoplastic drug.
Learning trajectory patterns by clustering: Experimental studies and comparative evaluation (2009)

Recently a large amount of research has been devoted to automatic activity analysis. Typically, activities have been defined by their motion characteristics and represented by trajectories. These trajectories are collected and clustered to determine typical behaviors. This paper evaluates different similarity measures and clustering methodologies to catalog their strengths and weaknesses when utilized for the trajectory learning problem. The clustering performance is measured by evaluating the correct clustering rate on different datasets with varying characteristics.
Long-Term Evaluation of Laser-Treated Silicone (LTS) Membrane as a Pericardial Substitute: In Vivo Study (2005)

The LTS membrane is safe and efficacious in the reduction of pericardial adhesion formation and might be used in patients undergoing cardiac surgery who need reoperation.
Head tracked single and multi-user autostereoscopic displays (2006)

This paper describes the authors' development of single user and multi-user 3D displays that do not require the wearing of special eyewear (autostereoscopic) and employ head position tracking in order to enable a large degree of freedom of viewer movement. This makes them particularly suited to TV applications. The results of human factors work on the displays will also be described. Finally, current development based on prior work is explained.
A unified framework for enforcing multiple access control policies (1997)

Although several access control policies can be devised for controlling access to information, all existing authorization models, and the corresponding enforcement mechanisms, are based on a specific policy (usually the closed policy). As a consequence, although different policy choices are possible in theory, in practice only a specific policy can be actually applied within a given system. However, protection requirements within a system can vary dramatically, and no single policy may simultaneously satisfy them all. In this paper we present a flexible authorization manager (FAM) that can enforce multiple access control policies within a single, unified system. FAM is based on a language through which users can specify authorizations and access control policies to be applied in controlling execution of specific actions on given objects. We formally define the language and properties required to hold on the security specifications and prove that this language can express all security specifications. Furthermore, we show that all programs expressed in this language (called FAM/CAM-programs) are also guaranteed to be consistent (i.e., no conflicting access decisions occur) and CAM-programs are complete (i.e., every access is either authorized or denied). We then illustrate how several well-known protection policies proposed in the literature can be expressed in the FAM/CAM language and how users can customize the access control by specifying their own policies. The result is an access control mechanism which is flexible, since different access control policies can all coexist in the same data system, and extensible, since it can be augmented with any new policy a specific application or user may require.
On-chip networks (2005)

As SoCs continue down the path to smaller geometries and higher integration, their performance measures are changing dramatically. The larger the chip, the greater the disparity between local logic speeds and their interconnect latencies. This issue explores on-silicon integration, discussing challenges in networks on chips, various NoC architectures, the Æthereal NoC, error recovery schemes for NoCs based on packet-switched communication fabrics, and interconnect structures for reconfigurable circuit blocks.
Laser Flash Photolysis Study on Photophysical and Photochemical Properties of C<sub>82</sub> (1999)

Photophysical and photochemical properties of C82 (C2 isomer) have been examined by using a laser flash photolysis method. The transient absorption band of the triplet excited state was observed at 750 nm accompanying an absorption band tail in the near-IR region. The intrinsic triplet lifetime and intersystem crossing quantum yield were estimated to be 56 μs and <0.01, respectively, which were smaller than those of C60 and C70. An absorption band of the radical anion of C82 appeared at 897 nm by chemical reduction with donors such as tetrakis(dimethylamino)ethylene. Photoinduced reduction of C82 was also observed by adopting N,N,N‘,N‘-tetramethyl-1,4-phenylenediamine as a donor. By photosensitized reaction, oxidation of C82 was confirmed. The reaction rate constant between C82 and BP•+ was 1.0 × 1010 M-1 s-1, indicating effective radical ion formation as observed with other fullerenes (C60, C70, and C76).
Antifreeze Protein-induced Morphological Modification Mechanisms Linked to Ice Binding Surface (2004)

The mechanisms by which the antifreeze protein (AFP) modifies the ice morphology are identified precisely as surface poisoning by the ice binding surface (IBS) of insect AFPs and as bridge-induced surface reconstruction by the IBS of fish AFPs and antifreeze glycoproteins. The primary surfaces of hexagonal ice have predetermined face indices. The "two-dimensional" insect type IBS has regularly spaced binding intervals in two directions. It causes surface poisoning by matching and reinforcing simultaneously intersecting strong bonding directions on the primary ice surfaces. The secondary ice surfaces have variable face indices. The "one-dimensional" and "irregular" IBS variants of fish AFPs and antifreeze glycoproteins are either linearly extended with regular ice binding intervals or have ice binding sites lacking spacing regularity. These variants can bridge transversely lattice periods or shorter oxygen-oxygen distances between parallel adjacent strong bonding directions that do not intersect. Thus, one-dimensional and irregular IBS variants induce supplementary bridges cross-wise on selected secondary surfaces by mimicking strong bonding directions that are not present in the ice structure. These proteins cause surfaces with variable face indices, which in the absence of the AFPs would not grow flat, to appear in the morphology. Whereas for the primary ice surfaces it is only the morphological importance that is determined by the experimental conditions, for the secondary ice surfaces it is the face indices themselves that become adjusted in the process of maximizing the AFP-substrate interaction through attainment of the best structural match. The growth morphology of the AFP-ice system is derived from various factors, including the face indices, surface molecular compositions, relative growth rates, and the mechanisms responsible for that morphology. The theoretical formulation agrees with experiments over a wide range and resolves these, to date, unexplained phenomena.
Gastrointestinal malignant lymphoma: roentgenographic features and pathologic and morphologic correlations. (1981)

By roentgenographic methods alone no certain differentiation can be made between primary and secondary gastrointestinal lymphomas, nor can the histological characteristics and the cell type be derived from the roentgenological pattern. Only in proximal small intestinal lymphomas with malabsorption does a diffuse malignant histiocytosis seem to exist. The roentgenographic presentation of a gastrointestinal lymphomatous lesion is dependent on the direction of growth of the tumor cells in the bowel wall, and is therefore accidental.
Automated map sharpening by maximization of detail and connectivity (2018)

An algorithm for automatic map sharpening is presented that is based on optimization of the detail and connectivity of the sharpened map. The detail in the map is reflected in the surface area of an iso-contour surface that contains a fixed fraction of the volume of the map, where a map with high level of detail has a high surface area. The connectivity of the sharpened map is reflected in the number of connected regions defined by the same iso-contour surfaces, where a map with high connectivity has a small number of connected regions. By combining these two measures in a metric termed the `adjusted surface area', map quality can be evaluated in an automated fashion. This metric was used to choose optimal map-sharpening parameters without reference to a model or other interpretations of the map. Map sharpening by optimization of the adjusted surface area can be carried out for a map as a whole or it can be carried out locally, yielding a locally sharpened map. To evaluate the performance of various approaches, a simple metric based on map-model correlation that can reproduce visual choices of optimally sharpened maps was used. The map-model correlation is calculated using a model with B factors (atomic displacement factors; ADPs) set to zero. This model-based metric was used to evaluate map sharpening and to evaluate map-sharpening approaches, and it was found that optimization of the adjusted surface area can be an effective tool for map sharpening.
Über den Bindungszustand in Bor—Stickstoff‐Verbindungen. II. Bindungsmomente in Borazanen und Borazenen (1952)

Abstract Die Dipolmomente der Verbindungen (CH 3 ) 3 BNH 3 , (CH 3 ) 3 BN(CH 3 ) 3 , (CH 3 ) 2 BNH 2 und (CH 3 ) 2 BN(CH 3 ) 2 wurden bestimmt und aus ihnen das Bindungsmoment für die BN‐Bindung in Borazanen und Borazenen berechnen. Dieses beträgt bei Borazanen ∼30% des Wertes, der für den Bindungszustand magnified image zu erwarten ist. Bei den Borazenen dagegen wird das Moment der Bindung magnified image infolge der asymmetrischen Anordnung der Bindungselektronen praktisch auf den Wert 0 kompensiert.
The biologic basis for the use of retinoids in cancer prevention and treatment (1999)

Retinoids (vitamin A and related molecules) are biologic agents that have demonstrated, in preclinical and clinical models, potent activity in the prevention and treatment of a variety of malignancies. Presented in this article is a review of recent clinical studies and correlative laboratory findings that advance our understanding of the biologic basis for the use of retinoids in cancer prevention and treatment.
Matching algorithms between a phonetic lattice and two types of templates - Lattice and graph. (1984)

We have developed two matching algorithms used in the speech recognition: (1) matching between two phonemic lattices, one for the input speech and the other for the template, and (2) matching between a phonemic lattice and a graph template. The algorithms are based on the dynamic programming. We introduced path weights proportional to the duration of lattice elements in both algorithms and loose constraints on accumulated durations in the graph-to-lattice matching. The algorithms works efficiently when the lattice elements are sorted with respect to the end times.
Response of isolated rat heart cells to hypoxia, re-oxygenation, and acidosis. (1981)

Responses of isolated adult rat heart cells to conditions that emphasize various aspects of ischemia have been evaluated. Cells maintained in hypoxic media with limited substrate deteriorate more rapidly than aerobic controls supplemented with glucose. Two distinct irreversible pathways for cell alteration can be distinguished as follows: (1) continued anaerobic aging in the absence of glucose results in the production of large numbers of cells which retain the rod-shaped morphology of heart cells in situ, but which have lost sarcolemmal integrity, and (2) after a period of anaerobic aging, reaeration of the cells produces large numbers of rounded cells in irreversible contracture. These cells maintain an intact sarcolemma and are indistinguishable from those produced by addition of 1 mM Ca2+ to Na+-loaded, aerobic cells. Contracture of isolated cells on re-aeration is at least superficially analogous to the oxygen paradox in situ, but since the isolated cells maintain an intact sarcolemma, there is no loss of creatine phosphokinase or other components of the cytosol. Incubation of isolated heart cells at acid pH (pH 6.8 to 6.2) largely prevents both Ca2+-dependent contracture and a Ca2+- dependent loss of respiratory capacity. The acidic conditions virtually eliminate the net influx of 45Ca2+ into isolated cells that occurs at neutral pH, and the inhibition appears to be localized at the sarcolemma.
The Thioredoxin Encoded by the Rod-Derived Cone Viability Factor Gene Protects Cone Photoreceptors Against Oxidative Stress (2016)

Our work highlights the duality of the Nxnl1 gene, which protects the cones by two distinct mechanisms. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 24, 909-923.
Characterization of scattered radiation in kV CBCT images using Monte Carlo simulations (2006)

Kilovoltage (kV) cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images suffer from a substantial scatter contribution. In this study, Monte Carlo (MC) simulations are used to evaluate the scattered radiation present in projection images. These predicted scatter distributions are also used as a scatter correction technique. Images were acquired using a kV CBCT bench top system. The EGSnrc MC code was used to model the flat panel imager, the phantoms, and the x-ray source. The x-ray source model was validated using first and second half-value layers (HVL) and profile measurements. The HVLs and the profile were found to agree within 3% and 6%, respectively. MC simulated and measured projection images for a cylindrical water phantom and for an anthropomorphic head phantom agreed within 8% and 10%. A modified version of the DOSXYZnrc MC code was used to score phase space files with identified scattered and primary particles behind the phantoms. The cone angle, the source-to-detector distance, the phantom geometry, and the energy were varied to determine their effect on the scattered radiation distribution. A scatter correction technique was developed in which the MC predicted scatter distribution is subtracted from the projections prior to reconstruction. Preliminary testing of the procedure was done with an anthropomorphic head phantom and a contrast phantom. Contrast and profile measurements were obtained for the scatter corrected and noncorrected images. An improvement of 3% for contrast between solid water and a liver insert and 11% between solid water and a Teflon insert were obtained and a significant reduction in cupping and streaking artifacts was observed.
Performance of 256ch flat panel PS-PMT with small crystals for a DOI PET detector (2005)

A 256 channel flat panel position sensitive photomultiplier tube (256ch FP-PMT) was evaluated for application to a depth of interaction (DOI) PET detector composed of small crystal elements. The 256ch FP-PMT has 52 /spl times/ 52 mm opening area with 89% useful area. Its 256 anodes are placed at a 3.04 mm interval. To estimate the FP-PMT performance, light spread functions of anodes at central and peripheral regions of a prototype 256ch FP-PMT were measured with a Gd/sub 2/SiO/sub 5/ (GSO) crystal sized 1.42 /spl times/ 1.42 /spl times/ 4.5 mm. The crystal cross section area is about one quarter of one anode area of the FP-PMT. It was found that light spread functions of peripheral anodes were similar to the functions of central anodes and also the functions measured with a 2.9 /spl times/ 2.9 /spl times/ 7.5 mm GSO crystal which has almost the same dimensions of cross-section as the anode area. Transit time fluctuation among the 256ch FP-PMT anodes was estimated by measuring time resolutions of a LuYSiO/sub 5/ (LYSO) crystal at some central and peripheral positions. The LYSO crystal has the same dimensions as the smaller GSO crystal. BaF/sub 2/ was used for a reference detector. The obtained distributions show about the same time resolution between the central and peripheral positions and the full width at half maximum is (366 /spl plusmn/ 15) ps. The transit time fluctuation is /spl plusmn/ 106 ps. Two-dimensional position histograms of a 32 /spl times/ 32 GSO crystal array and two layers of 9 /spl times/ 9 GSO crystal arrays are obtained by uniform gamma-ray irradiation. The crystal dimensions are 1.42 /spl times/ 1.42 /spl times/ 4.5 mm so that the 32 /spl times/ 32 array covers all the useful area and indicates variation of crystal identification performance over the useful area. The 9 /spl times/ 9 /spl times/ 2 array is coupled to peripheral region. The resultant histograms confirm that a 256ch FP-PMT has enough capability for identifying crystals of this size even on the periphery and in DOI arrangement.
Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Potential of<i> Satureja hortensis </i>L. in Fresh Cow Cheese (2018)

This study presents data about the chemical composition and antimicrobial effect of Satureja hortensis L. used as both dry plant and essential oil, on fresh cow’s cheese, in order to extend its shelf-life. The proximate and elemental composition of dry plant of Satureja hortensis L. highlights important level of microelements. The content of microelements increases even when small amounts of Satureja hortensis in fresh cheese were added. The addition of Satureja hortensis dry plant leads to an increase in Fe (13.46–65.54%) and Mn (8.33–88.33%) content of fresh cheese, depending on the amount of plant added. The composition of essential oil isolated from Satureja hortensis L. was analyzed by GC-MS and the main compounds found were carvacrol (19.68%), o-cymene (30.86%), and p-cymene (28.07%). In order to use Satureja hortensis L. as natural preservative in food industry, in vitro effect of plant extract and essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus Gram-positive bacteria was tested. The oil of Satureja hortensis L. showed antimicrobial activity at 0.50–1.5%, while the alcoholic extract does not inhibit Staphylococcus aureus mycelial growth. The antimicrobial effect of Satureja hortensis L. dry plant in various proportions (0.5–1.5%) and essential oil (0.1%; 0.25%; 0.5%), on fresh cow’s cheese, was assessed after 3 and 7 days by counting colonies obtained at 30°C. Results have shown that the addition of Satureja hortensis L. dry plant and essential oil led to a reduction in the total number of germs, this reduction being more significant when the essential oil was used. Regarding the effect of Satureja hortensis L. essential oil against Staphylococcus aureus inoculated in fresh cow’s cheese, the results highlight that the essential oil of Satureja hortensis L. may be a natural solution to prevent the development of this bacteria, while the ethanol extract does not prove to be effective.
Silicone oil emulsions: strategies to improve their stability and applications in hair care products (2013)

Silicone oils have wide range of applications in personal care products due to their unique properties of high lubricity, non-toxicity, excessive spreading and film formation. They are usually employed in the form of emulsions due to their inert nature. Until now, different conventional emulsification techniques have been developed and applied to prepare silicone oil emulsions. The size and uniformity of emulsions showed important influence on stability of droplets, which further affect the application performance. Therefore, various strategies were developed to improve the stability as well as application performance of silicone oil emulsions. In this review, we highlight different factors influencing the stability of silicone oil emulsions and explain various strategies to overcome the stability problems. In addition, the silicone deposition on the surface of hair substrates and different approaches to increase their deposition are also discussed in detail.
Assessment approaches: Documenting information competencies (2007)

How do we know whether and how what we’re doing impacts our patrons? How do we know what our patrons need or think they need? How do we make a case that the library continues to be essential in the 21st century? Answer: We gather information – which is just what we’re good at!
Total Synthesis of (±)‐Wortmannin (2002)

Der potente und spezifische Phosphoinositid-3-Kinase-Inhibitor (±)-Wortmannin konnte durch intramolekulare Heck-Reaktion, zum Aufbau eines allylischen quartären Kohlenstoffzentrums, und eine Diosphenol-Claisen-Umlagerung hergestellt werden (siehe Schema; SEM=2-(Trimethylsilyl)ethoxymethyl). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2002/z50016_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.