gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of polylactide‐based thermoset resin and its curing kinetics (2012)

Abstract A new class of biobased thermoset resins, methacrylated four‐armed star‐shaped polylactides (M4sPLAs), was prepared. The effect of star architecture, e.g. varying arm length, on the properties of the cured products was examined. Based on differential scanning calorimetry, the non‐isothermal and isothermal curing behaviors of these M4sPLAs were investigated. Various curing kinetic parameters were obtained and elucidated using autocatalytic reaction models. Experimental results indicate that the oligomers can be crosslinked into a rigid network within a curing time varying from several minutes to more than an hour upon thermal initiation. The curing processes of M4sPLAs with varying arm length are different and complex, as indicated by the change of various kinetic parameters, reaction orders and evolutions of activation energy under the test reaction conditions. High crosslinking density is especially effective for improving the thermal stability of polylactide, but also leads to slower degradation rate and deterioration of its impact properties. Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Single-unit transfusions of RBC enzymatically converted from group B to group O to A and O normal volunteers (1991)

Full-unit transfusions of RBC enzymatically converted from group B to group O by treatment with alpha-galactosidase (ECO RBC) to group O and A normal healthy individuals exhibit excellent in vivo survival times (24-hour survival 95.1% +/- 2.3%, T50 36.9 +/- 4.6 days). These results confirm our earlier findings describing ECO RBC in vitro viability and normal in vivo survival time after small-volume infusions. No significant increase in pretransfusion anti-B titer or score is observed in either group O or A subjects provided that sufficient enzyme is used to treat the cells: Cells transfused to group O recipients require higher levels of enzyme (185 to 200 U/mL RBC) than those infused to group A (90 U/mL RBC). Two separate single-unit transfusions of ECO RBC to one group O recipient (4.5 months apart) also survived normally (24-hour survival 96% and 92%, T50 40 and 36 days) and did not increase preexisting anti-B levels in this subject. ECO RBC were not agglutinated or lysed by recipient sera before or after transfusion. Similarly, no antibody development to the alpha- galactosidase used in cell treatment (and washed from the product before transfusion) could be detected in any subject. The sustained increase in hemoglobin levels after transfusion of ECO RBC suggests that this product will be useful in treatment of acute and chronic anemia.
Triangle Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

A Triangle Generative Adversarial Network ($\Delta$-GAN) is developed for semi-supervised cross-domain joint distribution matching, where the training data consists of samples from each domain, and supervision of domain correspondence is provided by only a few paired samples. $\Delta$-GAN consists of four neural networks, two generators and two discriminators. The generators are designed to learn the two-way conditional distributions between the two domains, while the discriminators implicitly define a ternary discriminative function, which is trained to distinguish real data pairs and two kinds of fake data pairs. The generators and discriminators are trained together using adversarial learning. Under mild assumptions, in theory the joint distributions characterized by the two generators concentrate to the data distribution. In experiments, three different kinds of domain pairs are considered, image-label, image-image and image-attribute pairs. Experiments on semi-supervised image classification, image-to-image translation and attribute-based image generation demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach.
Alpha1-Antitrypsin Expression in Human Thyroid Papillary Carcinoma (1996)

Alpha1-antitrypsin is a plasma serine protease inhibitor originally used as a marker for tumors of histiocytic origin. Our casual finding of immunoreactive α1-antitrypsin in one case of thyroid papillary carcinoma led us to investigate its presence in 10 thyroid papillary carcinomas by applying immunocytochemical and immunochemical techniques to tissue sections and Western blots of tissue homogenates prepared from neoplastic tissue and from uninvolved normal areas in the vicinity of each tumor. The immunocytochemical study was performed in both thyroid tissue and metastatic regional lymph nodes. This analysis revealed immunoreactivity for α1-antitrypsin in nine of the 10 cases studied. Immunoreactivity was intense in some of the cells forming the papillar and follicular structures. These cells were intermingled with completely unstained tumoral cells. In contrast to neoplastic tissue, the normal thyroid tissue present in the vicinity of each tumor showed no staining for α1-antitrypsin. The electrophoretic analysis performed on homogenates prepared from both tumoral and normal thyroid tissue revealed a drastic reduction in the band corresponding to thyroglobulin in the tumoral tissue compared with normal thyroid extracts, where it represented the major protein. Western blotting and immunoprinting with a polyclonal α1-antitrypsin antibody confirmed the results obtained with immunocytochemistry about the presence of this protease inhibitor in neoplastic thyroid tissue. Immunoprinting with the anti-α1-antitrypsin antibody revealed an intense immunoreactive band of 53 kDa in the extracts prepared from tumoral tissue. This band had exactly the same apparent molecular mass previously described by others for α1-antitrypsin purified from plasma and was identical to the molecular mass of the purified commercial standard employed.
Validation of a scalar potential finite-difference code for extremely low frequency magnetic induction modelling using an analytical method (1996)

This paper presents a comparison of numerical and analytical calculations of the low-frequency electric and current density fields, induced by an applied uniform axial magnetic field, in an equatorially stratified sphere having the conductivity distribution σ(ϕ) = σ 0 e−λ cos (pϕ) with p ∊ {1, 2} and λ > 0.
A simple protein folding algorithm using a binary code and secondary structure constraints (1995)

We describe an algorithm to predict tertiary structures of small proteins. In contrast to most current folding algorithms, it uses very few energy parameters. Given the secondary structural elements in the sequence--alpha-helices and beta-strands--the algorithm searches the remaining conformational space of a simplified real-space representation of chains to find a minimum energy of an exceedingly simple potential function. The potential is based only on a single type of favorable interaction between hydrophobic residues, an unfavorable excluded volume term of spatial overlaps and, for sheet proteins, an interstrand hydrogen bond interaction. Where appropriate, the known disulfide bonds are constrained by a square-law potential. Conformations are searched by a genetic algorithm. The model predicts reasonably well the known tertiary folds of seven out of the 10 small proteins we consider. We draw two conclusions. First, for the proteins we tested, this exceedingly simple potential function is no worse than others having hundreds of energy parameters in finding the right general tertiary structures. Second, despite its simplicity, the potential function is not the weak link in this algorithm. Differences between our predicted structures and the correct targets can be ascribed to shortcomings in our search strategy. This potential function may be useful for testing other conformational search strategies.
Identification of the lrp gene in Bradyrhizobium japonicum and its role in regulation of delta-aminolevulinic acid uptake (1997)

The heme precursor delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is taken up by the dipeptide permease (Dpp) system in Escherichia coli. In this study, we identified a Bradyrhizobium japonicum genomic library clone that complemented both ALA and dipeptide uptake activities in E. coli dpp mutants. The complementing B. japonicum DNA encoded a product with 58% identity to the E. coli global transcriptional regulator Lrp (leucine-responsive regulatory protein), implying the presence of Dpp-independent ALA uptake activity in those cells. Data support the conclusion that the Lrp homolog induced the oligopeptide permease system in the complemented cells by interfering with the repressor activity of the endogenous Lrp, thus conferring oligopeptide and ALA uptake activities. ALA uptake by B. japonicum was effectively inhibited by a tripeptide and, to a lesser extent, by a dipeptide, and a mutant strain that expressed the lrp homolog from a constitutive promoter was deficient in ALA uptake activity. The data show that Lrp negatively affects ALA uptake in E. coli and B. japonicum. Furthermore, the product of the isolated B. japonicum gene is both a functional and structural homolog of E. coli Lrp, and thus the regulator is not restricted to enteric bacteria.
Supramolecular binding of protonated amines to a receptor microgel in aqueous medium (2006)

Polyanionic microgels containing negatively charged tetrazole binding sites show supramolecular binding of various protonated amines (e.g. dibucaine and spermine) in a competitive aqueous medium at millimolar concentration.
Distributed file system support for virtual machines in grid computing (2004)

This paper presents a data management solution which allows fast virtual machine (VM) instantiation and efficient run-time execution to support VMs as execution environments in grid computing. It is based on novel distributed file system virtualization techniques and is unique in that: 1) it provides on-demand access to VM state for unmodified VM monitors; 2) it supports user-level and write-back disk caches, per-application caching policies and middleware-driven consistency models; and 3) it supports the use of meta-data associated with files to expedite data transfers. The paper reports on its performance in a WAN setup using VMware-based VMs. Results show that the solution delivers performance over 30% better than native NFS and can bring application-perceived overheads below 10% relatively to a local disk setup. The solution also allows a VM with 1.6GB virtual disk and 320MB virtual memory to be cloned within 160 seconds when it is first instantiated (and within 25 seconds for subsequent clones).
Flip chip attachment of silicon devices using substrate ball bumping and the technology evaluation on test assemblies for 20 Gbit/s transmission (1995)

Ball bumping is a fast and flexible method for bumping of single devices because only a modified wire bonding machine can be used. In this paper the flip chip TC-attach of silicon devices using substrate gold ball bumping was investigated. The results show that thermal compression flip chip attachment between the aluminum pad metallization and gold ball bumps can be achieved. The interconnection was characterized by infrared microscopy and shear testing. To demonstrate the capability of the technology developed, flip chip test assemblies with silicon bipolar ICs for high speed signal transmission were realized. The assemblies were investigated by TDR (Time Domain Reflectometry), reflection-loss and eye-pattern measurements and compared to wire bond species. As a result of these investigations it was found, that the flip chip technology developed in this paper can be used and is an excellent approach especially for rapid prototyping. With the test assemblies realized, 20 Gbit/s signal transmission could be demonstrated successfully.
A Light Blockchain-Powered Privacy-Preserving Organization Scheme for Ride Sharing Services (2020)

Ride-sharing is a service that enables drivers to share their trips with other riders, contributing to improving traffic congestion as well as assist in reducing Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emission and fuel consumption. It has come to the forefront in recent years as a Green service in large cities. However, the majority of existing ride-sharing services rely on a central third party, which makes them subject to a single point of failure and privacy disclosure concerns by both internal and external attackers. Moreover, they are vulnerable to distributed denial of service (DDoS) and Sybil attacks due to malicious users. There is also high service fees paid to the ride-sharing service provider. In this paper, we propose to decentralize ride-sharing services based on a public Blockchain. Our scheme enables drivers to propose ride-sharing services without relying on a trusted third party. To preserve location privacy, riders send cloaked ride requests to hide their exact pick-up/drop-off locations, and departure/arrival dates. Then, by using an off-line matching technique, drivers sends their offers encrypted to ensure data confidentiality. Upon receiving the ride-offers, the rider can find a ride match using some heuristics as well as the bid price included in the offer. To preserve anonymity, riders/drivers use pseudonyms that change per trip to ensure unlinkabilty. We envision the application of this technology in Green Internet of Things connected smart cities, where ride sharing services are common. Finally, we implement our scheme and deploy it in a test net of Ethereum. The experimental results show the applicability of our protocol.
Hyperdynamic sepsis in baboons: I. Aspects of hemodynamics. (1991)

The baboon has a number of advantages as a shock model, as its physiological as well as its biochemical behaviour is similar to man. Therefore we have tried to set up a model to mimic the early hyperdynamic phase of clinical sepsis. Seven baboons, 21-25 kg body weight were kept under EEG servocontrolled anesthesia for 8 hr. During this time live E. coli (ATC #33985) 2 x 10(10) BW/8 hr were continuously infused intravenously. Adequate fluid supply with Ringer's solution (up to 40 ml/kg/hr) was given to keep the pulmonary artery wedge pressure at baseline levels; this procedure resulted in a hyperdynamic response with a cardiac output (CO) 20-35% above baseline and a decrease (20-39%) in mean arterial pressure (MAP), leading to a 50% decrease in peripheral resistance. The pulmonary vascular changes were reflected in an increase of the mean pulmonary pressure (PA) to 42% above baseline and a marked rise in pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) to 50% above baseline with no additional changes in pulmonary gas exchange. After 8 hr both CO and MAP were inversely correlated (r = 0.9-1) with dramatically increased catecholamine plasma levels (15 times above baseline). With continuous infusion of live E. coli (blood levels 10(5)-10(6) CFU/ml) and massive fluid supply we have successfully mimicked hyperdynamic sepsis with severe organ failure after an 8-hr observation period.
Roughness of thermal oxide layers grown on ion implanted silicon wafers (1998)

We have studied by atomic force microscopy (AFM) the surface morphology of SiO2 layers grown by thermal oxidation of silicon wafers implanted with As, B, Ge, or Si ions. In order to grow oxides having comparable thickness at different temperatures, we have employed both dry and wet processes. Roughness values up to 0.4 nm have been measured on the surface of these oxides. Surface morphology is not influenced by the oxidation ambient, while temperature-related effects are predominant. For low temperature oxidation (920 °C), the predominating effects are due to the behavior of the implanted species, and mainly consist in segregation phenomena, that are the result of a complex competition among different factors, including the segregation coefficient, the relative diffusion rates in the oxide and silicon, and the oxidation rate. At higher temperature (1100 °C), impurity segregation is inhibited or considerably reduced by the increased diffusivity, and defects formation, due to the evolution of the radiation damage, becomes the main effect. Finally, the comparison among AFM, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and transmission electron microscopy data has allowed to demonstrate that the morphologies of the SiO2 surfaces are tightly related to the corresponding SiO2/Si interfaces.
<title>Low-cost nanostructure patterning using step and flash imprint lithography</title> (2002)

This article is directed towards nanolithography, which is the unit process required to pattern nanostructures. While the critical dimension in the microelectronics industry is continually going down due to developments in photolithography, it is coming at the expense of exponential increase in lithography tool costs and rising photomask costs. Step and Flash Imprint Lithography (S-FIL) is a nano-patterning technique that not only results in significantly lower cost of the lithography tool and process consumables, but also appears to be at least as good as photolithography in other aspects of patterning costs. In this study, a comparison of SFIL with Extreme Ultraviolet (EUV) photolithography technique is provided at the 50nm node†. Advantages and disadvantages of S-FIL for various application sectors are provided. Finally, cost of ownership (CoO) computations of S-FIL versus EUV is provided. CoO computations indicate that S-FIL may be the cost-effective technology in the sub-100nm domain, particularly for emerging devices that are required in low volumes.
Mastery of Surgery (1993)

The Jedi have returned, Batman has reappeared, and now, 8 years after its initial edition, a new, updated, and expanded version of<i>Mastery of Surgery</i>has arrived. This big book (almost 2000 pages in 2 volumes) tries to encompass a considerable spectrum of surgical practice. It presents the reader with nine sections (100 pages) of general principles of importance in evaluating and caring for patients undergoing operations. There are 185 sections of surgical procedures, including procedures involving cases of trauma, with pertinent anatomic background and illustrations of step-by-step operative technique, each written by an acknowledged expert or team of experts in the field. Each section concludes with concise editors' comments that broaden or clarify or summarize the concepts in that field. Such new material as an excellent article about operations on the trachea by Grillo, a discussion of carcinoma of the breast in situ and segmental mastectomy, a wonderfully clear
[Importance of hyaluronic acid in the modulation of neutrophil migration]. (1986)

The relationship between JA and phagocyte function has often been reported in the literature. The action of JA may either inhibit or stimulate PMNs function depending on the concentration. On the basis of this experience, the efficacy of JA action, both directly and mediated after incubation was studied. In particular phagocytosis, NBT, superoxide production and chemotaxis were studied in basal conditions and after incubation with hyaluronic acid. In particular chemotaxis was also performed to assay the chemotactic action of the medium in which the monocytes were incubated with JA and the technique was found to produce a distinct progressive improvement in the chemotactic index. In conclusion, it is hypothesised that monocytes incubated with JA produce a chemotactic factor for PMNs.
Nrf2: A central regulator of UV protection in the epidermis (2010)

Comment on: Schäfer M, et al. Genes Dev 2010; 24:1045-58.
Magnetically Controlled Switches for Optoelectronics Networking: The Problem, Available Technology, New Implementations (2007)

This paper introduces some physical layer requirements of electro-optical as well as all optical networking. Due to the huge volume of data that is transmitted on these networks, there is a need for high-speed switching with effective switching in the nanosecond regime or better. While such switches exist for electronic media, they have been challenging for optical applications. Taking the recent developments in magneto-optical switches into consideration, there is a pressing need for fast switching of highly inductive loads. The state-of-the-art as well as the trends and needs for high speed switching in optical networks are presented. Some of the newest developments in the small-scale high-speed switching for electro-optical and all optical light path applications will also be presented. Experimental results of the newly developed switches at our program are presented and discussed. Based on the results, system requirements are identified and some shortcomings of the initial system are addressed. Possible improvements to the overall light-trail system are proposed and discussed
Structures of three polycystic kidney disease-like domains from<i>Clostridium histolyticum</i>collagenases ColG and ColH (2015)

Clostridium histolyticum collagenases ColG and ColH are segmental enzymes that are thought to be activated by Ca(2+)-triggered domain reorientation to cause extensive tissue destruction. The collagenases consist of a collagenase module (s1), a variable number of polycystic kidney disease-like (PKD-like) domains (s2a and s2b in ColH and s2 in ColG) and a variable number of collagen-binding domains (s3 in ColH and s3a and s3b in ColG). The X-ray crystal structures of Ca(2+)-bound holo s2b (1.4 Å resolution, R = 15.0%, Rfree = 19.1%) and holo s2a (1.9 Å resolution, R = 16.3%, Rfree = 20.7%), as well as of Ca(2+)-free apo s2a (1.8 Å resolution, R = 20.7%, Rfree = 27.2%) and two new forms of N-terminally truncated apo s2 (1.4 Å resolution, R = 16.9%, Rfree = 21.2%; 1.6 Å resolution, R = 16.2%, Rfree = 19.2%), are reported. The structurally similar PKD-like domains resemble the V-set Ig fold. In addition to a conserved β-bulge, the PKD-like domains feature a second bulge that also changes the allegiance of the subsequent β-strand. This β-bulge and the genesis of a Ca(2+) pocket in the archaeal PKD-like domain suggest a close kinship between bacterial and archaeal PKD-like domains. Different surface properties and indications of different dynamics suggest unique roles for the PKD-like domains in ColG and in ColH. Surface aromatic residues found on ColH s2a-s2b, but not on ColG s2, may provide the weak interaction in the biphasic collagen-binding mode previously found in s2b-s3. B-factor analyses suggest that in the presence of Ca(2+) the midsection of s2 becomes more flexible but the midsections of s2a and s2b stay rigid. The different surface properties and dynamics of the domains suggest that the PKD-like domains of M9B bacterial collagenase can be grouped into either a ColG subset or a ColH subset. The conserved properties of PKD-like domains in ColG and in ColH include Ca(2+) binding. Conserved residues not only interact with Ca(2+), but also position the Ca(2+)-interacting water molecule. Ca(2+) aligns the N-terminal linker approximately parallel to the major axis of the domain. Ca(2+) binding also increases stability against heat and guanidine hydrochloride, and may improve the longevity in the extracellular matrix. The results of this study will further assist in developing collagen-targeting vehicles for various signal molecules.
Characterization of a Humanized Monoclonal Antibody Recognizing Clumping Factor A Expressed by <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2005)

We report the humanization and characterization of monoclonal antibody (MAb) T1-2 or tefibazumab, a monoclonal antibody that recognizes clumping factor A expressed on the surface of Staphylococcus aureus. We demonstrate that the binding kinetics of MAb T1-2 is indistinguishable compared to that of its murine parent. Furthermore, MAb T1-2 is shown to enhance the opsonophagocytic uptake of ClfA-coated latex beads, protect against an intravenous challenge in a prophylactic model of rabbit infective endocarditis, and enhance the efficacy of vancomycin therapy in a therapeutic model of established infective endocarditis.