gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrodeposition of Tantalum in NaCl ‐ KCl ‐  K 2TaF7 Melts (1992)

Electroreduction of dissolved in at 720°C was investigated by transient electrochemical techniques. The primary reaction involves a single reversible five electron step . In addition to the metal deposition, other insoluble compounds were generated during the reduction step; their influence increases as the potential becomes more negative. The formation of these compounds was progressively inhibited by addition of sodium fluoride; simultaneously, a shift of the deposition potential towards more negative values was observed. This result was interpreted as a consequence of the formation of an increasing amount of fluoride rich complexes such as or . When oxide ions were present in the bath, perturbations appeared, which indicates that the reduction of electroactive species containing oxygen occurs at a potential more negative than for oxygen free complexes. The diffusion coefficient of the complex ion containing Ta(V), measured by chronopotentiometry and cyclic voltammetry, is about . The characterization of the tantalum deposits obtained at different overpotentials was determined by x‐ray diffraction and by scanning electron micrography.
Agent-based support for human/agent teams (2000)

In this paper, we present an interface agent, MokSAF, which facilitates time-critical team-planning tasks for teams of both humans and heterogeneous software agents. This agent assists in the formation of teams of humans (via other MokSAF agents) and task agents that can autonomously perform team subtasks. It provides a suitable interaction mechanism to instruct the various task agents in the team; and, by monitoring the human's progress, reallocate or modify the sub-tasks if the human fails to achieve that subtask. A military domain has been used to investigate this interface agent. The task consists of three military (human) commanders that each assemble a platoon, and plan routes so that all three platoons arrive at a given rendezvous by a specified time. An experimental study has been conducted to evaluate MokSAF and the assistance provided by one of three different task agents, and the results summarized.
A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of an<i>Aloe vera (A. barbadensis)</i>emulsion in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis (1999)

Various Aloe vera extracts are widely used in a variety of over-the-counter skin products, but only a few studies have been conducted to provide support for the use of Aloe vera (A. barbadensis), one of the most commonly used species of Aloe vera, in the treatment of inflammatory skin conditions. Seborrheic dermatitis is a common inflammatory skin disorder for which available topical treatment may be helpful but not curative. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of an emulsion formulated from a crude extract of Aloe vera (A. barbadensis) on seborrheic dermatitis. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled prospective clinical trial was performed in 44 adult patients with seborrheic dermatitis. A comparison of symptom scores in the Aloe vera (A. barbadensis) and placebo groups, before and after treatment revealed a significant decrease in scaliness, pruritus and the number of sites involved in seborrheic dermatitis, but not in erythema. Global improvement rates in patients treated with Aloe vera (A. barbadensis) were significantly higher than in placebo-treated patients, as assessed by both dermatologists (58% and 15%, respectively; P=0.009) and patients (62% and 25%, respectively; P=0.03). The results of the present study indicate that Aloe vera (A. barbadensis) crude extract emulsion is effective in the therapy of patients with seborrheic dermatitis.
A Genome-Scale Metabolic Reconstruction of Mycoplasma genitalium, iPS189 (2009)

With a genome size of approximately 580 kb and approximately 480 protein coding regions, Mycoplasma genitalium is one of the smallest known self-replicating organisms and, additionally, has extremely fastidious nutrient requirements. The reduced genomic content of M. genitalium has led researchers to suggest that the molecular assembly contained in this organism may be a close approximation to the minimal set of genes required for bacterial growth. Here, we introduce a systematic approach for the construction and curation of a genome-scale in silico metabolic model for M. genitalium. Key challenges included estimation of biomass composition, handling of enzymes with broad specificities, and the lack of a defined medium. Computational tools were subsequently employed to identify and resolve connectivity gaps in the model as well as growth prediction inconsistencies with gene essentiality experimental data. The curated model, M. genitalium iPS189 (262 reactions, 274 metabolites), is 87% accurate in recapitulating in vivo gene essentiality results for M. genitalium. Approaches and tools described herein provide a roadmap for the automated construction of in silico metabolic models of other organisms.
Hybrid IPMC/PVDF structure for simultaneous actuation and sensing (2006)

Compact sensing methods are desirable for ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuators in microrobotic and biomedical applications. In this paper a novel sensing scheme for IPMC actuators is proposed by integrating an IPMC with a PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) thin film. The problem of feedthrough coupling from the actuation signal to the sensing signal, arising from the proximity of IPMC and PVDF, presents a significant challenge in real-time implementation. To reduce the coupling while minimizing the stiffening effect, the thickness of the insulating layer is properly chosen based on the Young's modulus measurement of the IPMC/PVDF structures. Furthermore, a nonlinear circuit model is proposed to capture the dynamics of the still significant coupling effect, and its parameters are identified through a nonlinear fitting process. A compensation scheme based on this model is then implemented to extract the correct sensing signal. Experimental results show that the developed IPMC/PVDF structure, together with the compensation algorithm, can perform effective, simultaneous actuation and sensing. As a first application, the sensori-actuator has been successfully used for the open-loop micro-injection of living Drosophila embryos.
Copper(I)/ABNO-Catalyzed Aerobic Alcohol Oxidation: Alleviating Steric and Electronic Constraints of Cu/TEMPO Catalyst Systems (2013)

Cu/TEMPO catalyst systems promote efficient aerobic oxidation of sterically unhindered primary alcohols and electronically activated substrates, but they show reduced reactivity with aliphatic and secondary alcohols. Here, we report a catalyst system, consisting of ((MeO)bpy)Cu(I)(OTf) and ABNO ((MeO)bpy = 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2'-bipyridine; ABNO = 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane N-oxyl), that mediates aerobic oxidation of all classes of alcohols, including primary and secondary allylic, benzylic, and aliphatic alcohols with nearly equal efficiency. The catalyst exhibits broad functional group compatibility, and most reactions are complete within 1 h at room temperature using ambient air as the source of oxidant.
Repetitive spreading depression causes selective suppression of GABAergic function (1996)

Cortical spreading depression (SD) represents a pathophysiological signal that has been associated with the induction of migraine and ischaemic brain damage. The properties of repetitive SDs and their effects on excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission were analysed in neocortical slices obtained from adult rats. The SD showed only small variations in amplitude, duration and integral when elicited four times at intervals of 30 min. Extracellularly recorded paired pulse inhibition was, however, significantly reduced by approximately 10% with each SD episode. Since excitatory synaptic transmission was unaffected, our data indicate that repetitive SD causes a selective reduction of intracortical inhibition.
Evaluation of ferromagnetic materials for low-frequency hysteresis heating of tumours (1992)

It is shown that a therapeutically significant amount of heat can be generated by magnetic hysteresis in small ferromagnetic particles using high field strengths and low frequencies. Since Physt is proportional to frequency, use of a low-frequency magnetic field results in reduced heat output. However, in general the hysteresis area increases non-linearly with the amplitude of the applied field and so, if the correct choice of ferromagnetic material is made, such an increase can be sufficient to compensate for the frequency-related reduction in Physt. A large amount of work is still required to quantify the biological constraints placed on the various operational parameters to define the direction that further optimizations and refinements should take.
Frequency rolling (2004)

A Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) provides wireless links among proximate devices,usually carried by an individual.As WPAN gains momentum in ubiquitous usage, the interference that collocated WPANs cause to each other, termed self-interference, becomes one of the major sources that degrade the communication performance of WPAN. This paper in roduces the Frequency Rolling (FR), a particular instance of frequency hopping (FH) that enables he collocated WPANs to cooperate and avoid the self-interference. The FR uses as input solely the observed packet error rate (PER) and it does not require any exchange of information among he collocated WPANs. The effect of the FR over a longer time in erval is hat the WPANs use he complete set of disposable channels in an implicit time-division and cooperative manner. The parameters of he FR are chosen such that a WPAN which uses FR never occupies the channels in the unlicensed spectrum more than what is permitted by the current regulation. We compare the goodput offered by FR to the goodput of the collocated piconets when conventional pseudorandom FH is used. Our simulation results show that FR has superior goodput performance. In addition, he design of FR is made robust owards the errors due to the channel noise. Some guidance for practical fault-toleran design and future extensions of FR are given. All hese features promote the great potential of FR as a coexistence mechanism for unlicensed operation.
A Novel Pheromone Quorum-Sensing System Controls the Development of Natural Competence in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> and <i>Streptococcus salivarius</i> (2009)

In streptococcal species, the key step of competence development is the transcriptional induction of comX, which encodes the alternative sigma factor sigma(X), which positively regulates genes necessary for DNA transformation. In Streptococcus species belonging to the mitis and mutans groups, induction of comX relies on the activation of a three-component system consisting of a secreted pheromone, a histidine kinase, and a response regulator. In Streptococcus thermophilus, a species belonging to the salivarius group, the oligopeptide transporter Ami is essential for comX expression under competence-inducing conditions. This suggests a different regulation pathway of competence based on the production and reimportation of a signal peptide. The objective of our work was to identify the main actors involved in the early steps of comX induction in S. thermophilus LMD-9. Using a transcriptomic approach, four highly induced early competence operons were identified. Among them, we found a Rgg-like regulator (Ster_0316) associated with a nonannotated gene encoding a 24-amino-acid hydrophobic peptide (Shp0316). Through genetic deletions, we showed that these two genes are essential for comX induction. Moreover, addition to the medium of synthetic peptides derived from the C-terminal part of Shp0316 restored comX induction and transformation of a Shp0316-deficient strain. These peptides also induced competence in S. thermophilus and Streptococcus salivarius strains that are poorly transformable or not transformable. Altogether, our results show that Ster_0316 and Shp0316, renamed ComRS, are the two members of a novel quorum-sensing system responsible for comX induction in species from the salivarius group, which differs from the classical phosphorelay three-component system identified previously in streptococci.
A comparison and evaluation of different BLE connection methods for wearable devices (2017)

Internet of Thing (IoT) is growing rapidly with more devices connected to the Internet. One emerging group of these is called wearable devices. The wireless technologies used by wearable devices need to consider the long lasting of battery life. Consequently, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has emerged as the wireless technologies for wearable devices due to its features of low power consumption. In this research we focus on enabling technologies that will facilitate seamless communications between the wearable devices and the oneM2M platform based on BLE. We evaluate three different designs: (1) IPE (Inter-working Proxy Application Entity), (2) RESTful BLE and (3) 6LoWPAN over BLE. Our research compares and evaluates the main features and behaviors of these three designs and investigates key performance indicators of each such as power consumption, system performance, transmission efficiency and design complexity. With our research we are able to determine which specific design is most suitable for wearable devices under different system design requirements.
Diagnostic Tests: Basic tests of respiratory function (2016)

Respiratory function tests are part of the clinical assessment of many respiratory diseases. The tests can measure individual parts of the respiratory process and, therefore, need to be selected appropriately. Spirometry is the basic screening test for assessing mechanical load problems. Arterial blood gas analysis yields considerable information about gas exchange efficiency while tests of gas transfer assess alveolar-capillary surface function. When specifically indicated, assessing bronchial reactivity and the response to exercise can help in the evaluation of breathlessness.
Characterisation of a high pH cement backfill for the geological disposal of nuclear waste: The Nirex Reference Vault Backfill (2017)

In a conceptual UK geological disposal facility for nuclear waste within a high-strength, crystalline geology, a cement-based backfill material, known as Nirex Reference Vault Backfill (NRVB), will be used to provide a chemical barrier to radionuclide release. The NRVB is required to have specific properties to fulfil the operational requirements of the geological disposal facility (GDF); these are dependent on the chemical and physical properties of the cement constituent materials and also on the water content. With the passage of time, the raw materials eventually used to synthesise the backfill may not be the same as those used to formulate it. As such, there is a requirement to understand how NRVB performance may be affected by a change in raw material supply. In this paper, we present a review of the current knowledge of NRVB and results from a detailed characterisation of this material, comparing the differences in performance of the final product when different raw materials are used. Results showed that minor differences in the particle size, surface area and chemical composition of the raw material had an effect on the workability, compressive strength, the rate of hydration and the porosity, which may influence some of the design functions of NRVB. This study outlines the requirement to fully characterise cement backfill raw materials prior to use in a geological disposal facility and supports ongoing assessment of long-term post-closure safety.
Utilization of Aliphatic Amides and Formation of Two Different Amidases by Alcaligenes eutrophus (1981)

The utilization of aliphatic amides and their metabolism in the facultatively chemolithotrophic hydrogen bacterium Alcaligenes eutrophus has been investigated. This strain grew on fructose with formamide or acetamide as nitrogen sources, and these substrates induced formamidase. Ammonia repressed formamidase formation. Propionamide, butyramide and valeramide served as carbon and nitrogen sources and induced a different amidase, valeramidase. This enzyme was highly active with valeramide and less active with shorter acylamides but did not hydrolyse formamide. Valeramidase was subject to catabolite repression by fructose and succinate. Mutants altered in the regulation of amidase formation were isolated. A mutant able to grow with formamide and acetamide as carbon source formed formamidase constitutively, and this enzyme could not be repressed by ammonia in this mutant; its growth on formamide was autotrophic. A mutant able to grow with acetamide but not with formamide as carbon source was semi-constitutive for valeramidase; in this mutant the inducer specificity was altered and acetamide was the most potent inducer of valeramidase.
MIMO Hardware Simulator Design for UMTS and WLAN Applications (2006)

The aim of the PRIR SIMPAA2 project, which continues the research activities of the RNRT SIMPAA project, is the realization of a hardware simulator of MIMO propagation channels for UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System) and WLAN (wireless local area networks) applications. The simulator must reproduce the behavior of the radio propagation channel, thus making it possible to test "on table" the mobile radio equipments. The advantages are: low cost, short test duration, possibility to ensure the same test conditions in order to compare the performance of various equipments
<i>Tbx4</i> interacts with the short stature homeobox gene <i>Shox2</i> in limb development (2013)

Our data identifies Tbx4 as a novel transcriptional activator of Shox2 during murine fore- and hindlimb development. Tbx4 is also regulated by Shox2 specifically in the forelimb bud possibly via a feedback mechanism. These data extend our understanding of the role and regulation of Tbx4 and Shox2 in limb development and limb associated diseases.
Light-emitting diodes enhanced by localized surface plasmon resonance (2011)

Light-emitting diodes [LEDs] are of particular interest recently as their performance is approaching fluorescent/incandescent tubes. Moreover, their energy-saving property is attracting many researchers because of the huge energy crisis we are facing. Among all methods intending to enhance the efficiency and intensity of a conventional LED, localized surface plasmon resonance is a promising way. The mechanism is based on the energy coupling effect between the emitted photons from the semiconductor and metallic nanoparticles fabricated by nanotechnology. In this review, we describe the mechanism of this coupling effect and summarize the common fabrication techniques. The prospect, including the potential to replace fluorescent/incandescent lighting devices as well as applications to flat panel displays and optoelectronics, and future challenges with regard to the design of metallic nanostructures and fabrication techniques are discussed.
Induction of VEGF and its Flt-1 receptor after sciatic nerve crush injury (2004)

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and its receptors Flt-1 and Flk-1 was studied in lumbar spinal cord after sciatic nerve crush injury. Immunohistochemical staining revealed strikingly different distribution of VEGF, Flt-1, and Flk-1 in lumbar motor neurons. VEGF was observed both in the nuclei and perikarya, while Flk-1 had cytoplasmic and Flt-1 perinuclear localization. Real-time RT-PCR showed a significant increase in the expression of VEGF and Flt-1 on the injured side of the lumbar spinal cord. The increased level of VEGF was also detected by immunoblot. Here we show that lumbar motor neurons increase the expression of VEGF and Flt-1 in response to injury. We propose that VEGF/Flt-1 signaling may be involved in regeneration of the spinal motor neurons.
Unique pH dynamics in GABAergic synaptic vesicles illuminates the mechanism and kinetics of GABA loading (2016)

GABA acts as the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the mammalian brain, shaping neuronal and circuit activity. For sustained synaptic transmission, synaptic vesicles (SVs) are required to be recycled and refilled with neurotransmitters using an H(+) electrochemical gradient. However, neither the mechanism underlying vesicular GABA uptake nor the kinetics of GABA loading in living neurons have been fully elucidated. To characterize the process of GABA uptake into SVs in functional synapses, we monitored luminal pH of GABAergic SVs separately from that of excitatory glutamatergic SVs in cultured hippocampal neurons. By using a pH sensor optimal for the SV lumen, we found that GABAergic SVs exhibited an unexpectedly higher resting pH (∼6.4) than glutamatergic SVs (pH ∼5.8). Moreover, unlike glutamatergic SVs, GABAergic SVs displayed unique pH dynamics after endocytosis that involved initial overacidification and subsequent alkalization that restored their resting pH. GABAergic SVs that lacked the vesicular GABA transporter (VGAT) did not show the pH overshoot and acidified further to ∼6.0. Comparison of luminal pH dynamics in the presence or absence of VGAT showed that VGAT operates as a GABA/H(+) exchanger, which is continuously required to offset GABA leakage. Furthermore, the kinetics of GABA transport was slower (τ > 20 s at physiological temperature) than that of glutamate uptake and may exceed the time required for reuse of exocytosed SVs, allowing reuse of incompletely filled vesicles in the presence of high demand for inhibitory transmission.
The Stellar Initial Mass Function: Constraints from Young Clusters, and Theoretical Perspectives (2000)

We summarize recent observational and theoretical progress aimed at understanding the origin of the stellar initial mass function (IMF) with specific focus on galactic star-forming regions. We synthesize data from various efforts to determine the IMF in very young, partially-embedded stellar clusters and find: i) no significant variations in the low-mass IMF have been observed between different star-forming regions; and ii) the mass distributions of young stars just emerging from molecular clouds are consistent with having been drawn from the IMF derived from field stars in the solar neighborhood. These results apply only to gross characterizations of the IMF (e.g. the ratio of high to low mass stars); present observations do not rule out more subtle regional differences. Further studies are required in order to assess whether or not there is evidence for a universal turnover near the hydrogen--burning limit. We also provide a general framework for discussing theories of the IMF, and summarize recent work on several physical mechanisms which could play a role in determining the form of the stellar initial mass function.
A skew-tolerant design scheme for over 1-GHz LSIs (2000)

We have developed a circuit design which uses heterogeneous pipelines and latches to maximize hidable clock skew and jitter. With it, the hidable portion of the sum of clock skew and jitter is as large as a fourth of cycle time. In 0.15-µm CMOS LSIs of 500-MHz and 1- GHz based on our new design, performance was, respectively, 22% and 66% better than that of similar FF-based LSIs. We have also developed a 64-b floating-point multiplier that incorporates high-speed dual-rail domino logic into our design and have fabricated it using 0.25-µm CMOS process technology.