gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HIV surveillance by testing saliva (1988)

Saliva specimens were tested for HIV antibody (anti-HIV) by an immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody capture radioimmunoassay (GACRIA) and three sensitive commercial assays. In tests on 460 seronegative subjects and 196 seropositive subjects GACRIA was 99.8% specific and 100% sensitive. The Wellcome HIV monoclonal and Abbott recombinant DNA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) were also highly specific (99.8%, 100%) but they were less sensitive (90.9%, 82.0%). The Fujirebio particle agglutination assay was sensitive (97.8%) but its specificity was poor (84.1%). In testing saliva specimens from populations with an anti-HIV prevalence greater than 0.5%, sampling by GACRIA alone could provide a good estimate of the true prevalence. For true prevalences less than 0.5% good estimates could only be obtained if positive GACRIA reactions were confirmed by another independent salivary assay. Salivary testing for anti HIV is a convenient and potentially an accurate epidemiological tool.
Synthesis and Biological Activity of 9-(2,6-Difluorobenzyl)-9H-purines Bearing Chlorine. (1999)

Mitsunobu reaction of 2, 6-dichloropurine with 2, 6-difluorobenzyl alcohol gave 2, 6-dichloro-9-(2, 6-difluorobenzyl)-9H-purine and 7-benzylated congener in 73% and 10% yield, respectively. Treatment of the former compound with ammonia gave 2-chloro-9-(2, 6-difluorobenzyl)adenine (1) in good yield. Also, 2-amino-6-chloro-purine was condensed with 2, 6-difluorobenzyl alcohol in a similar manner to afford 2-amino-6-chloro-9-(2, 6-difluorobenzyl)-9H-purine (2) as a major product. Inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) isozymes by 9-(2, 6-difluorobenzyl)-9H-purines was investigated and both 1 and 2 were found to be good inhibitors of PDE2 in addition to PDE4.
Low Temperature Solid Oxide Fuel Cells with Dip-coated YSZ Electrolytes (1995)

YSZ/Ni + zirconia electrolyte/electrode discs of ~2.5 cm in diameter were fabricated by a single step dip-coating process followed by sintering. NiO was used as the source of Ni. Discs were sintered in air at 1450°C. The typical electrolyte thickness was between ~10 and ~20 μm, the anode thickness was between 1 to 2 mm and the anode porosity was ~25 vol.%. Various cathodes were deposited on the YSZ electrolyte. Single cell testing was performed with humidified hydrogen as the fuel and both oxygen and air as the oxidants. All cell testing was conducted at 800°C. Power densities in excess of ~0.55 watt/cm2 at ~0.7 volts in air were measured without correction for lead wire resistance. Estimated maximum power density, corrected for lead wire resistance, is ~1 watt/cm2.
A Dynamic Optimization Solution for Vertical Jumping in Three Dimensions (1999)

A three-dimensional model of the human body is used to simulate a maximal vertical jump. The body is modeled as a 10-segment, 23 degree-of-freedom (dof), mechanical linkage, actuated by 54 muscles. Six generalized coordinates describe the position and orientation of the pelvis relative to the ground; the remaining nine segments branch in an open chain from the pelvis. The head, arms, and torso (HAT) are modeled as a single rigid body. The HAT articulates with the pelvis via a 3 dof ball-and-socket joint. Each hip is modeled as a 3 dof ball-and-socket joint, and each knee is modeled as a 1 dof hinge joint. Each foot is represented by a hindfoot and toes segment. The hindfoot articulates with the shank via a 2 dof universal joint, and the toes articulate with the hindfoot via a 1 dof hinge joint. Interaction of the feet with the ground is modeled using a series of spring-damper units placed under the sole of each foot. The path of each muscle is represented by either a series of straight lines or a combination of straight lines and space curves. Each actuator is modeled as a three-element, Hill-type muscle in series with tendon. A first-order process is assumed to model muscle excitation-contraction dynamics. Dynamic optimization theory is used to calculate the pattern of muscle excitations that produces a maximal vertical jump. Quantitative comparisons between model and experiment indicate that the model reproduces the kinematic, kinetic, and muscle-coordination patterns evident when humans jump to their maximum achievable heights.
Mechanisms of Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe inhibition of thrombin (2003)

Investigations determined the mechanism(s) by which Arg-Pro-Pro-Gly-Phe (RPPGF) inhibits thrombin-induced platelet activation. High concentrations of RPPGF inhibit thrombin-induced coagulant activity. RPPGF binds to the active site of thrombin by forming a parallel beta-strand with Ser214-Gly216 and interacts with His57, Asp189, and Ser195 of the catalytic triad. RPPGF competitively inhibits alpha-thrombin from hydrolyzing Sar-Pro-Arg-paranitroanilide with a Ki = 1.75 +/- 0.03 mM. Other mechanisms were sought to explain why RPPGF inhibits thrombin activation of platelets at concentrations below that which inhibits its active site. Soluble RPPGF blocks biotinylated NATLDPRSFLLR of the thrombin cleavage site on protease-activated receptor (PAR)1 from binding to the peptide RPPGC (IC50 = 20 microM). The soluble recombinant extracellular domain of PAR1 (rPAR1EC) blocks biotinylated RPPGF binding to rPAR1EC (IC50 = 50 microM) bound to microtiter plates, but rPAR1EC deletion mutants missing the sequence LDPR or PRSF do not. RPPGF and related forms prevent the thrombin-like enzyme thrombocytin from proteolyzing rPAR1EC at concentrations that do not block thrombocytin's active site. These studies indicate that RPPGF is a bifunctional inhibitor of thrombin: it binds to PAR1 to prevent thrombin cleavage at Arg41 and interacts with the active site of alpha-thrombin.
Pertussis Toxin-sensitive Activation of Phospholipase C by the C5a and fMet-Leu-Phe Receptors (1996)

Signal transduction pathways that mediate C5a and fMet-Leu-Phe (fMLP)-induced pertussis toxin (PTx)-sensitive activation of phospholipase C (PLC) have been investigated using a cotransfection assay system in COS-7 cells. The abilities of the receptors for C5a and fMLP to activate PLC beta2 and PLC beta3 through the Gbetagamma subunits of endogenous Gi proteins in COS-7 cells were tested because both PLC beta2 and PLC beta3 were shown to be activated by the betagamma subunits of G proteins in in vitro reconstitution assays. Neither of the receptors can activate endogenous PLC beta3 or recombinant PLC beta3 in transfected COS-7 cells. However, both receptors can clearly activate PLC beta2 in a PTx-sensitive manner, suggesting that the receptors may interact with endogenous PTx-sensitive G proteins and activate PLC beta2 probably through the Gbetagamma subunits. These findings were further corroborated by the results that PLC beta3 could only be slightly activated by Gbeta1gamma1 or Gbeta1gamma5 in the cotransfection assay, whereas the Gbetagamma subunits strongly activated PLC beta2 under the same conditions. PLC beta3 can be activated by Galphaq, Galpha11, and Galpha16 in the cotransfection assay. In addition, the Ggamma2 and Ggamma3 mutants with substitution of the C-terminal Cys residue by a Ser residue, which can inhibit wild type Gbetagamma-mediated activation of PLC beta2, were able to inhibit C5a or fMLP-mediated activation of PLC beta2. These Ggamma mutants, however, showed little effect on m1-muscarinic receptor-mediated PLC activation, which is mediated by the Gq class of G proteins. These results all confirm that the Gbetagamma subunits are involved in PLC beta2 activation by the two chemoattractant receptors and suggest that in COS-7 cells activation of PLC beta3 by Gbetagamma may not be the primary pathway for the receptors.
Storage efficiency opportunities and analysis for video repositories (2015)

Conventional wisdom states that deduplication techniques do not yield good storage efficiency savings for video data. Indeed, even if the video content is the same, the video files differ from each other due to differences in closed-captioning, text overlay, language, and video resolution. Therefore deduplication techniques have not yielded good storage efficiency savings. In this paper, we look at the effectiveness of four different deduplication algorithms on different scenarios. We evaluate fixedsized, variable-sized, and two content-aware deduplication techniques. Our study shows that content-aware and variable-sized deduplication techniques do provide significant storage efficiency savings.
Ginsenoside metabolite compound K enhances the efficacy of cisplatin in lung cancer cells. (2015)

Conventional chemotherapies are often accompanied by development of drug resistance and severe side effects. Novel discoveries of low toxicity compounds to improve the outcome or enhance the efficacy of chemotherapies are of great interest. In the present study, our data provide the first evidence that CK could be potentially used as an agent to synergize the efficacy of cisplatin in lung cancer.
A 7 mask CMOS-technology utilizing liquid phase selective oxide deposition (2002)

The authors describe a fully symmetric 7 mask CMOS technology, utilizing a room-temperature liquid phase oxide deposition technique which has selectivity against photo resist. They have developed process modules for self-aligned well and one mask LDD (lightly doped drain) formation which achieve excellent device performance. The main features of this CMOS technology are (1) very short processing time: (7 masks to first metallization); (2) self-aligned twin retrograde wells with 40% reduction of p/sup +/-n/sup +/ spacing; and (3) optimal LDD design using different-width side-wall spacers for n- and p-channel MOSFETs with a 10% larger on current for p-channel MOSFETs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Separation of bacterial cells by isoelectric focusing, a new method for analysis of complex microbial communities (1997)

A simple isoelectric focusing (IEF) method for whole bacterial cells was developed. In a pH gradient of 2 to 10 and an electric field of 11.5 V cm-1, mixtures of cells from the three different bacterial strains Chlorobium limicola 6230, Pseudomonas stutzeri DSM 50227, and Micrococcus luteus DSM 20030 could be separated. A density gradient of Ficoll prevented convective currents in the system. The method was tested with a concentrated mixture of bacteria from a shallow eutrophic lake and yielded up to 10 different bands. Species composition in each IEF band was analyzed by PCR plus denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Each IEF band exhibited a different species composition. After the separation of cells by IEF three times more 16S ribosomal DNA signals could be detected by DGGE than in the unfractionated natural bacterial community. It is concluded that the resolution of these molecular biological methods is significantly enhanced if cells are first separated by IEF. At the same time, the IEF fractions are enriched for certain species, which can be used in subsequent cultivation experiments.
Characterization of Polymer Adsorption on Disordered Filler Surfaces by Transversal 1H NMR Relaxation (1997)

Abstract The transversal 1 H NMR relaxation of the bound rubber shell of carbon black loaded elastomers can be decomposed into three relaxation regimes corresponding to the loosely bound rubber, the rubber that is immobilized on the carbon black surface and a third component of intermediate mobility. The relaxation time T 2 of the intermediate component is related to the end-to-end distance of polymer segments between adsorption sites on the carbon black surface, by converting the relaxation times to length scales on the basis of recent work on NMR relaxation of elastomeric networks. From measurements on SBR loaded with carbon black N 220, a distance of 2.3 nm was obtained in agreement with characteristic dimensions of crystallite sizes and surface roughness as determined by atomic force and scanning tunneling microscopy. The analysis was applied to novel inversion blacks which give lower tan δ/60°C, and rolling resistance without affecting tan δ/0°C and wet skid behavior. These blacks were found to possess a higher density of adsorption sites and a greater surface roughness as compared to standard carbon blacks. In addition to the surface characterization, the analysis of the mobile component of the compound allowed the estimation of the density of entanglement couplings between the rubber matrix and the bound rubber shell.
Surface production of H− ions by hyperthermal hydrogen atoms (1992)

Hyperthermal atomic hydrogen of energy in the range of 1–10 eV has been produced by electron impact dissociation in a cw 2.45 GHz microwave electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) discharge using a Lisitano-Coil. The flux and the energy of the hydrogen atoms have been measured by negative surface ionization of the atoms backscattered from pure and cesiated metal surfaces. A hyperthermal atomic hydrogen flux density equivalent to more than 0.5 A/cm2 and a temperature of about 5 eV has been produced for 420 W discharge power under cw condition. These hydrogen atoms can be directed onto an external converter located outside the discharge. This opens up new possibilities for H− ion source design.
Rotordynamic Characteristics of an APU Gas Turbine Rotor-Bearing System Having a Tie Shaft (2001)

In this paper it is intended to set-up a sound model of the 60,000 rpm 100 kW prototype APU gas turbine rotor-bearing system, and particularly to investigate the influences of the tie shaft on the rotordynamic characteristics of the entire APU gas turbine rotor-bearing system, employing the dual shaft model. Firstly, a mock-up APU rotor has been constructed to test and verify the model. Analytical natural frequency results have agreed with the corresponding modal test ones to within 5% difference. Then, the rotordynamic characteristics of the prototype APU rotor-bearing system have been investigated. Natural vibration and unbalance response analyses results have shown that the inner tie shaft resonance can cause high enough vibration of the outer main rotor shaft. This could be a concern as the rotor journals operate on very thin air film at high speed. It is concluded as a conservative design practice that the inner tie shaft should be explicitly modeled in the rotordynamic analysis of the APU rotor-bearing system.
Transformations in Density Estimation (1991)

Abstract For the density estimation problem the global window width kernel density estimator does not perform well when the underlying density has features that require different amounts of smoothing at different locations. In this article we propose to transform the data with the intention that a global window width is more appropriate for the density of the transformed data. The density estimate of the original data is the “back-transform” by change of variables of the global window width estimate of the transformed data's density. We explore choosing the transformation from suitable parametric families. Data-based selection rules for the choice of transformations and the window width are discussed. Application to real and simulated data demonstrates the usefulness of our proposals.
Pharmacokinetic behaviour of fenbendazole in buffalo and cattle (1994)

Concentrations of fenbendazole and of drug metabolites in plasma were measured in buffalo and cross-bred cattle after single intraruminal administration at two different doses. Plasma concentrations of the parent compound fenbendazole and the two metabolites, viz. oxfendazole and fenbendazole sulfone, were much lower in buffalo compared with cattle, at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg body weight as indicated by lower area under concentration curve and concentration maximum. At a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight there were corresponding increases in plasma metabolite concentrations in cattle. However, buffaloes did not show a similar corresponding increase.
What is the future of PEGylated therapies? (2015)

The tremendous potential of biologic drugs is hampered by short half-lives in vivo, resulting in significantly lower potency than activity seen in vitro. These short-acting therapeutic agents require frequent dosing profiles that can reduce applicability to the clinic, particularly for chronic conditions. Therefore, half-life extension technologies are entering the clinic to enable improved or new biologic therapies. PEGylation is the first successful technology to improve pharmacokinetic (PK) profiles of therapeutic agents and has been applied in the clinic for over 25 years. Over 10 PEGylated therapeutics have entered the clinic since the early 1990 s, and new PEGylated agents continue to expand clinical pipelines and drug patent life. PEGylation is the most established half-life extension technology in the clinic with proven safety in humans for over two decades. Still, it is one of the most evolving and emerging technologies that will be applied for the next two decades.
Zero-Shot Event Detection Using Multi-modal Fusion of Weakly Supervised Concepts (2014)

Current state-of-the-art systems for visual content analysis require large training sets for each class of interest, and performance degrades rapidly with fewer examples. In this paper, we present a general framework for the zeroshot learning problem of performing high-level event detection with no training exemplars, using only textual descriptions. This task goes beyond the traditional zero-shot framework of adapting a given set of classes with training data to unseen classes. We leverage video and image collections with free-form text descriptions from widely available web sources to learn a large bank of concepts, in addition to using several off-the-shelf concept detectors, speech, and video text for representing videos. We utilize natural language processing technologies to generate event description features. The extracted features are then projected to a common high-dimensional space using text expansion, and similarity is computed in this space. We present extensive experimental results on the large TRECVID MED [26] corpus to demonstrate our approach. Our results show that the proposed concept detection methods significantly outperform current attribute classifiers such as Classemes [34], ObjectBank [21], and SUN attributes[28] . Further, we find that fusion, both within as well as between modalities, is crucial for optimal performance.
A Partially Defined Medium for the Growth of Mycoplasma (1960)

SUMMARY: The saprophytic Mycoplasma laidlawii strains A and B were grown in a partially defined medium composed of inorganic salts, Casamino acids, vitamins, nucleic acids, glucose and 10 % (v/v) horse serum. The growth was less good than in the complex Edward medium; addition of known growth factors did not improve growth. Addition of yeast extract (0·05 %, w/v) to the partially defined medium allowed growth equivalent to that in Edward medium. The serum could be replaced by 1 % (w/v) crystallized bovine plasma albumin. The suboptimal growth obtained in the albumin-containing medium was not improved by adding cholesterol, Tween 80, lecithin and other growth factors known to be required by other Mycoplasma spp. Riboflavin and nicotinic acids were the only vitamins found to be essential for the growth of M. laidlawii strain A in the albumin medium. The Casamino acids could be replaced by a mixture of known amino acids. The pathogenic M. rnycoides var. capri and M. bavigenitalium grew in the partially defined medium when the concentration of the serum was increased to 20 % (v/v) and yeast extract added to a final concentration of 0·05 % (w/v).
Observation of significant signal voids in images of large biological samples at 11.1 T (2004)

Proton MRI of large biological samples were obtained on an 11.1 T / 40 cm instrument. Images were obtained of a fixed human brain and a large piece of fresh beef. The proton MR images demonstrate severe distortions within these conductive samples, indicative of shortened electrical wavelengths and wave behavior within the sample. These observations have significant implications with respect to the continuing evolution of MR to higher magnetic field strengths on large samples, particularly on humans.
Nutrient Status in Leaf and Soil of Some Cultivars of Mango in Relation To Yield (1987)

Fruit yield is directly related to the nutrient status of leaves as well as soil correlation studies confirmed that the leaf nitrogen before flowering and after harvest and Phosphorus content before flowering were positively and significantly correlated to yield. A similar beneficial association of soil nitrogen and Phosphorus before flowering with yield was evident. High yielding trees had higher rhizosphere as well as leaf N, P, K status. Multiple regression studies recommended for proper N and P fertilization by means of which yield level of the orchards can be raised to higher extent.
[Variability of pHmetric parameters in the esophagogastric junction in dogs]. (1981)

The authors studied the variability of pHmetric parameters of the gastroesophageal junction in dog. The research was done in six dogs, that studied in five sections, according to four techniques (intermittent pull-through technique, continuous pull-through technique, continuous push-through technique and rapid pull-through technique), with four determinations in each of them. The pHmetric determinations of stomach, oesophagus and gradient of esophagogastric pH presented little variability (coefficient of variation less than 50%). The constituent parameters of the pHmetric profile and the pHmetric lenght of the gastroesophageal junction presented high variability (coefficient of variation bigger than 100%), except the C2 segment. Taking into consideration the little variability the authors propose the study of C2 segment in the analysis of the pHmetric profile of the gastroesophageal junction.
Editor’s Page (1963)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Deane B. Judd, "Editor's Page," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 53, 1228-1228 (1963) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Molecular Modeling and Ligand Docking for Solute Carrier (SLC) Transporters (2013)

Solute Carrier (SLC) transporters are membrane proteins that transport solutes, such as ions, metabolites, peptides, and drugs, across biological membranes, using diverse energy coupling mechanisms. In human, there are 386 SLC transporters, many of which contribute to the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs and/or can be targeted directly by therapeutics. Recent atomic structures of SLC transporters determined by X-ray crystallography and NMR spectroscopy have significantly expanded the applicability of structure-based prediction of SLC transporter ligands, by enabling both comparative modeling of additional SLC transporters and virtual screening of small molecules libraries against experimental structures as well as comparative models. In this review, we begin by describing computational tools, including sequence analysis, comparative modeling, and virtual screening, that are used to predict the structures and functions of membrane proteins such as SLC transporters. We then illustrate the applications of these tools to predicting ligand specificities of select SLC transporters, followed by experimental validation using uptake kinetic measurements and other assays. We conclude by discussing future directions in the discovery of the SLC transporter ligands.