gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interaction of Staphylococcus aureus Fibronectin-binding Protein with Fibronectin (2004)

The repetitive D1, D2, and D3 elements of Staphylococcus aureus fibronectin-binding protein FnBPA each bind the N-terminal 29-kDa fragment (N29) of fibronectin with low micromolar dissociation constants (Kd), but in tandem they compose a high affinity domain, D1-3. An additional seven Fn-binding segments have been predicted in FnBPA in a region N-terminal of the D-repeats (Schwarz-Linek, U., Werner, J. M., Pickford, A. R., Gurusiddappa, S., Kim, J. H., Pilka, E. S., Briggs, J. A., Gough, T. S., Hook, M., Campbell, I. D., and Potts, J. R. (2003) Nature 423, 177-181). We have evaluated the requirements for high affinity binding of N29 to the D-repeat domain and determined the affinity and stoichiometry of N29 binding to segments that are N-terminal of the D-repeats in the related FnBPB adhesin. We confirmed that D1-3 has two equivalent high affinity sites (Kd, approximately 1 nm) and provided evidence for one or more lower affinity sites (Kd, approximately 0.5 microm). Bimodular D1-2 and D2-3 exhibit intermediate affinity sites with respective Kd values of 0.25 and 0.044 microm, as well as a low affinity site with a Kd value of 2.2-2.5 microm. We also identified two binding domains that are N-terminal of the D-repeats, designated DuB and DuA. Segments internal to these domains individually bound N29 with similar Kd values of approximately 2 microm, whereas the DuBA polypeptide possessing both segments and other intervening sites bound four molecules of N29 with much higher affinity (Kd, approximately 10 nm). DuBAD, a larger polypeptide harboring all of the known or predicted binding motifs in FnBPB, bound seven to eight molecules of N29, with a Kd of approximately 7 nm. Because most of the isolated binding segments display low affinity for N29 and lack motifs for binding of one or both of the 1F1 and 5F1 modules in the N-terminal domain of Fn, we propose that high affinity is achieved in part as a consequence of self-interaction between bound molecules of N29.
Markov Models of Breast Tumor Progression: Some Age-Specific Results (1997)

Researchers have noted that mammographic screening has a reduced effect on breast cancer mortality in women in their forties compared to older women. Explanations for this include poorer sensitivity in younger women due to denser breast tissue, as well as more rapid tumor progression, giving a shorter mean sojourn time (the average duration of the preclinical screen-detectable period). To test these hypotheses, we developed a series of Markov-chain models to estimate tumor progression rates and sensitivity. Parameters were estimated using tumor data from the Swedish two-county trial of mammographic screening for breast cancer. The mean sojourn time was shorter in women aged 40-49 compared to women aged 50-59 and 60-69 (2.44, 3.70, and 4.17 years, respectively). Sensitivity was lower in the 40-49 age group compared to the two older groups (83%, 100%, and 100%, respectively). Thus, both rapid progression and poorer sensitivity are associated with the 40-49 age group. We also modeled tumor size, node status, and malignancy grade together with subsequent breast cancer mortality and found that, to achieve a reduction in mortality commensurate with that in women over 50, the interscreening interval for women in their forties should be less than two years. We conclude that Markov models and the use of tumor size, node status, and malignancy grade as surrogates for mortality can be useful in design and analysis of future studies of breast cancer screening.
Milling behavior of gum elastomers: Experiment and theory (1966)

Abstract When an uncompounded elastomer is processed on a two‐roll mill, four different regions of mechanical behavior are observed, depending upon the temperature and the severity of the nip deformation. this behavior is observed on materials with a wide variety in chemical composition, through the severity varies. The flow at high temperatures is typical of melt or polymer solution behavior. At lower temperatures unstable flow and elastic solidike regions are observed. By presuming the elastomer to be an isotropicviscoelastic medium, the stress and velocity fields were computed in the polymer melt region. The unstable regime was found to correspond to a critical value of the ratio of viscoelastic to viscous forces. The mathematical analysis, done interms of the Green‐Rivlin‐Noll theory of viscoelastic media, extends earlier studies of deformation in this geometry by Gaskell and Bergen.
Optimal training and redundant precoding for block transmissions with application to wireless OFDM (2002)

The adoption of orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) by wireless local area networks and audio/video broadcasting standards testifies to the importance of recovering block precoded transmissions propagating through frequency-selective FIR channels. Existing block transmission standards invoke bandwidth-consuming error control codes to mitigate channel fades and training sequences to identify the FIR channels. To enable low-complexity block-by-block receiver processing, we design redundant precoders with cyclic prefix (CP) and superimposed training sequences for optimal channel estimation and guaranteed symbol recovery regardless of the underlying FIR frequency-selective channels. Numerical results axe presented to access the performance of the designed training and precoding schemes.
Facile synthesis of InGaZn mixed oxide nanorods for enhanced hydrogen production under visible light (2012)

A series of visible light responsive nanorods of InGaZn mixed oxide photocatalyst are designed by varying the concentration of In(NO(3))(3)via a solid state reaction method without the need for a surfactant or template. The photocatalysts are characterized by XRD, diffuse reflectance UV-vis spectra, TEM, BET surface area analysis, PL, and photoelectrochemical measurement. Increasing the concentration of In(NO(3))(3) changes the morphology from agglomerated to nanorod-shaped, and reduces surface defects which inhibits the recombination of charge carriers. From photocurrent measurements, the conduction band minimum and valance band maximum of InGaZn (3 : 1 : 1) are found to be -0.75 and 1.65 V at pH 5.9, respectively, which is suitable for oxidation and reduction processes. The photocatalysts are tested towards hydrogen generation under visible light irradiation. Among all the photocatalysts, InGaZn (3 : 1 : 1) gives the best result towards the production of hydrogen energy under visible light irradiation.
Assessing Students in FE (1983)

The importance of assessment in the further education (FE) curriculum of students with moderate learning difficulties, as shown in a recent survey, is discussed by Jenny Roberts and Dr Brahm Norwich Institute of Education, London University
In a small multideterminant peptide, each determinant is recognized by a different V beta gene segment. (1992)

Given the vast potential for diversification of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire and the fact that V(a) beta mice exist in the wild, it would have been predicted that in spite of the absence of 10 TCR V beta gene segments, V(a) beta mice would still have been able to produce an antigen-specific T cell response to all determinants. We have recently shown that Vb beta mice, with a wild-type TCR V beta repertoire, respond to peptide 110-121 of sperm whale myoglobin, with a majority of T cells expressing TCR V beta 8.2 and restricted to a hybrid I-A(d)/I-E(d) major histocompatibility complex molecule, and a smaller number of T cells expressing TCR V beta 8.1 and restricted to the I-A(d) molecule. However, V(a) beta mice, lacking members of the TCR V beta 8 gene family, responded only with I-A(d)-restricted T cells. Thus, it appeared that the I-A(d)-restricted response was less constrained, or more plastic. We now show that the two separate panels of I-A(d)-restricted T cell hybrids derived from V(a) beta or Vb beta mice in fact recognize distinct determinants within the same peptide 110-121. The determinant recognized by V(a) beta T cells is NH2 terminal (core: 110-118) with an absolute requirement for the residue Ala-110 for a successful interaction with TCRs. On the other hand, Vb beta T cells recognize the COOH-terminal region (core: 112-118) on the same peptide with an absolute requirement for COOH-terminal residue 118. In the dominance hierarchy displayed by the three distinct determinants of peptide 110-121, V(a) beta mice cannot recognize the two most dominant: the hybrid I-A(d)/I-E(d)-restricted determinant and the COOH-terminal, I-A(d)-restricted determinant. They instead respond with T cells specific for a third, distinctly NH2-terminal determinant. Our results show a strict association between recognition of a particular specificity and TCR V beta usage. This evidence suggests that even when a small peptide induces a heterogenous group of TCR V beta S, this need not be considered evidence for plasticity. Rather, at the level of individual determinants within the peptide, the results can point in the opposite direction, towards serious constraints in recognition at the level of V beta expression.
Measuring Specific Surface of Porous Resin with Simple Nitrogen Adsorption Method (1987)

In this article, a simple and inexpesive volume nitrogen adsorptioft method is described. With this method, areas of porous resin as low as 0.5 M2/g and as high as hundreds MVg are measured. In the experiment, only nitrogen are used.
A high throughput liquid crystal light shutter for unpolarized light using polymer polarization gratings (2011)

We report on a broadband, diffractive, light shutter with the ability to modulate unpolarized light. This polarizer-free approach employs a conventional liquid crystal (LC) switch, combined with broadband Polarization Gratings (PGs) formed with polymer LC materials. The thin-film PGs act as diffractive polarizing beam-splitters, while the LC switch operates on both orthogonal polarization states simultaneously. As an initial experimental proof-of- concept for unpolarized light with ±7° aperture, we utilize a commercial twisted-nematic LC switch and our own polymer PGs to achieve a peak transmittance of 80% and peak contrast ratio of 230:1. We characterize the optoelectronic performance, discuss the limitations, and evaluate its use in potential nonmechanical shutter applications (imaging and non-imaging).
Oblique view reflectance for assessing nitrogen status of incomplete canopies † (1987)

Abstract The application of nitrogen to small plots of barley increased leaf chlorophyll concentrations and produced darker green canopies. Leaf pigment concentrations were estimated independently of crop biomass using a band-pass radiometer to view the canopy at an oblique angle to minimize the influence of the soil background. Notes † Paper presented at a meeting on "Ground truth for remote sensing" held at the University of Nottingham, 17 April 1986. Additional informationNotes on contributorsT. H. DEMETRIADES-SHAH Present Address: Department of Physiology and Environmental Science, University of Nottingham, School of Agriculture, Sutton Bonington, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, England.
Prion Protein Binds Copper within the Physiological Concentration Range (2001)

The prion protein is known to be a copper-binding protein, but affinity and stoichiometry data for the full-length protein at a physiological pH of 7 were lacking. Furthermore, it was unknown whether only the highly flexible N-terminal segment with its octarepeat region is involved in copper binding or whether the structured C-terminal domain is also involved. Therefore we systematically investigated the stoichiometry and affinity of copper binding to full-length prion protein PrP(23-231) and to different N- and C-terminal fragments using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our data indicate that the unstructured N-terminal segment is the cooperative copper-binding domain of the prion protein. The prion protein binds up to five copper(II) ions with half-maximal binding at approximately 2 microm. This argues strongly for a direct role of the prion protein in copper metabolism, since it is almost saturated at about 5 microm, and the exchangeable copper pool concentration in blood is about 8 microm.
Surface Modification of Indium Tin Oxide by Phenoxytin Complexes (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTSurface Modification of Indium Tin Oxide by Phenoxytin ComplexesAmelia R. Span, Eric L. Bruner, Steven L. Bernasek, and Jeffrey SchwartzView Author Information Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544-1009 Cite this: Langmuir 2001, 17, 3, 948–952Publication Date (Web):January 3, 2001Publication History Received18 September 2000Revised14 November 2000Published online3 January 2001Published inissue 1 February 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la0013392https://doi.org/10.1021/la0013392brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views391Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Aromatic compounds,Electrodes,Oxides,Thin films,Work function Get e-Alerts
Reducing the scheduling cost in event-driven simulation through component clustering (2002)

A method to reduce the scheduling overhead is proposed. Circuit elements that are likely to be activated simultaneously are grouped into clusters and are scheduled and evaluated simultaneously. This way, the number of entities involved in the scheduling, and therefore the scheduling overhead, is reduced. Different algorithms for partitioning the circuit into clusters are presented and the relationship between the cluster size and the simulation performance is studied. The algorithms presented were implemented for a switch-level simulator and tested for several large circuit descriptions. It is shown that with a carefully picked cluster size and partitioning algorithm, the scheduling overhead in the simulation can be significantly reduced and the simulation efficiency improved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Toll‐like receptor 4 contributes to vascular remodelling and endothelial dysfunction in angiotensin <scp>II</scp>‐induced hypertension (2015)

TLR4 up-regulation by AngII contributed to the inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, vascular remodelling and stiffness associated with hypertension by mechanisms involving oxidative stress. MyD88-dependent activation and JNK/NF-κB signalling pathways participated in these alterations.
Biosynthesis of the Iron-Molybdenum Cofactor of Nitrogenase (2008)

The iron-molybdenum cofactor (FeMo-co) of nitrogenase is a Mo-Fe-S cluster that has been proposed as the site of substrate reduction for the nitrogenase enzyme complex. Biosynthesis of FeMo-co in Klebsiella pneumoniae requires at least six nif (nitrogen fixation) gene products. One of the nif genes, nifV, apparently encodes a homocitrate synthase. The synthesis and accumulation of homocitrate [(R)-2-hydroxy-1,2,4-butanetricarboxylic acid] in K.pneumoniae is correlated to the presence of a functional nifV gene. K.pneumoniae strains with mutations in nifV synthesize and accumulate an aberrant form of FeMo-co. Nitrogenase from NifV- mutants is capable of reducing some of the substrates of nitrogenase effectively (e.g. acetylene), but reduces N2 poorly. With the aid of an in vitro FeMo-co synthesis system, it recently has been established that homocitrate is an endogenous component of FeMo-co. Substitution of homocitrate with other carboxylic acids results in the formation of aberrant forms of FeMo-co with altered substrate reduction capability.
RTL Hardware Design Using VHDL: Coding for Efficiency, Portability, and Scalability (2006)

There is a worldwide need for mental health interventions to address the mental health needs of children under 12 who are returning to school in the post-COVID-19 environment. The basic characteristics of child-focused, post-crisis interventions are currently unknown, but they are essential for developing high-quality, expedient RTC programs. We conducted a rapid systematic review, via established PICO methodology, to appraise the characteristics of such interventions. We queried databases (PubMed, PsycInfo, ERIC) for English and Spanish publications describing mental health interventions to reduce mental health symptoms and sequelae among children exposed to disasters and other community crises. We described the following characteristics: type of intervention, length, number of sessions, number of staff delivering the intervention, and other characteristics. A total of 18 original articles met the inclusion criteria: 11 correspond to a controlled trial type of study and 15 addressed PTSD after disaster or crisis situations. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) was the most common intervention type, school-based/related interventions were the most common method, and five articles described an important role of teachers as mediators of therapy.
PURIFICATION OF DEGRADED TRIBUTYL PHOSPHATE-HYDROCARBON DILUENT SOLUTIONS BY DISTILLATION: STATUS SUMMARY (1961)

with nitric acid or by irradiating (/sup 60/Co gamma rays) while agitating the solvent phase with nitric acid. Nitroparaffins, RNO/sub 2/, were the major degradation products and were formed at twice the rate when TBP was present during degradation. Under the conditions of degradation, a 100-whr/liter exposure was practically equivalent to 11 hr of boiling with 2 M HNO/sub 3/, as shown by Zr-Nb/sup 95/ extraction, total organic nitrogen analysis, and spectrophotometric analysis. Extraction from acid solution of certain fission products, for example, Zr-Nb but not ruthenium, increased markedly after the degraded solvent had been treated with alkaline reagents, and a test employing solid calcium hydroxide was developed to estimate the extent of diluent degradation. The alkaline treatment converted a significant fraction of the nitroparaffin to the enol form. There was synergistic extraction of Zr-Nb/sup 95/ by the combination of TBP and degraded diluent. The degraded diluents can be cleaned up by scrubbing with alkanolamines to remove nitroparaffin-amine salts or by contacting with activated alumina. Both methods have doubtful economy, and the latter requires solids handling. Low-pressure flash distillation is an effective, inexpensive method for partial or total repurification of degraded TBP- Amsco mixtures. Pretreatlng Amsco 125-82 by scrubbing with concentrated sulfuric acid before degrading with hot nitric acid improved its stability. The stabilities of a number of alternatlve aliphatic and aromatlc diluents were determined. With aliphatic diluents, the configuration most stable against nitration is the simplest, for example, n-dodecane. Aromatic diluents increase the radiation stability and extraction selectivity or TBP. The stabilities of the simple alkylbenzenes against nitration vary widely with the number of alkyl groups, their type and their position, but a mixture of diethylbenzenes low in the para isomer, and some of the polymethylbenzenes, did not form fission product extractants in routine tests. Also, nitration of the benzene ring does not produce extractants for Zr-Nb/sup 95/. (auth)
Selective lymphocyte chemokine receptor expression in the rheumatoid joint (2001)

These results identify CCR4, CCR5, CXCR3, and CX3CR1 as critical chemokine receptors in RA.
Composition and Boiling Points of Binary Azeotropes (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTComposition and Boiling Points of Binary AzeotropesH. P. Meissner and S. H. GreenfeldCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 3, 438–442Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50459a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50459a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views367Altmetric-Citations9LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of preoperative antimicrobial skin preparation solutions on biofilm bacteria (2005)

ABSTRACT • RESEARCH ON THE MEDICAL EFFICACY of topical antimicrobials and antibiotics against infections has focused largely on the effect on free-floating, planktonic bacteria. • IN THE PRESENCE OF nonbiological surfaces (eg, catheters, prosthetic devices, biomaterials), however, bacteria form highly complex biofilm systems that resist traditional medical treatment. • BACTERIAL PATHOGENS commonly found in chronic infections in both the planktonic and biofilm stae were challenged with a variety of commonly used topical antimicrobial formulations. • BIOFILM BACTERIA were shown to be more resistant to killing than planktonic bacteria. Antimicrobial skin preparation times were adequate to significantly reduce bacterial populations protected in biofilms. AORN J 81 (March 2005) 492-501.
Multiple Antigenic Peptides as Vaccine Platform for the Induction of Humoral Responses Against Dengue-2 Virus (2007)

Dengue is an important agent of human disease for which no licensed vaccine is available to the public. We used multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs) as an antigen carrier for the development of subunit vaccines against dengue-2 virus (DEN-2). Commercially available software (MacVector 7.0) was used to identify potential antigenic B-cell epitopes of E-glycoprotein. A total of 60 BALB/c mice were immunized with 12 recombinant DEN-2-specific MAPs and the humoral immune response was assessed by anti-DEN-2 ELISA and PRNT50 assays. Anti-DEN-2 ELISA showed high levels of anti-DEN-2 antibodies and post-immune sera reduced viral infectivity and prevented infection of monkey kidney cells (LLC-MK2) with live DEN-2 virus. Seven neutralizing DEN-2 epitopes were identified that generated PRNT50 titers of up to 1:160. Our findings show that the MAP platform can be used as an antigen-presenting platform for dengue vaccine development.