gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The thermal and electrical conductivity of copper at low temperatures (1952)

Abstract Following previous work on sodium, the thermal and electrical conductivity of copper has been measured continuously between 90 and 2° K . The specimen was of spectrographic purity, and had been found to have a pronounced minimum in the electrical resistance at about 10° K . A similar, but smaller, anomaly was observed in the thermal resistivity with a corresponding small deviation from the Wiedemann-Franz law at the lowest temperatures. As in the case of sodium, marked disagreement with theory was found in the temperature variation both of the thermal conductivity and of the Lorenz number.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Mechanistic Studies on Esperamicin A1 and Calicheamicin γ1. Molecular Strain Rather Than π‐Bond Proximity Determines the Cycloaromatization Rates of Bicyclo(7.3.1) Enediynes. (1990)

Abstract In connection with mechanistic studies concerning the DNA cleaving properties of the antitumor antibiotics esperamicin and calicheamicin γ1, kinetic parameters and thermodynamic data of the cycloaromatization of bicyclic enediynes are evaluated and discussed.
A signal-dependent time-frequency representation: optimal kernel design (1993)

A new time-frequency distribution (TFD) that adapts to each signal and so offers a good performance for a large class of signals is introduced. The design of the signal-dependent TFD is formulated in Cohen's class as an optimization problem and results in a special linear program. Given a signal to be analyzed, the solution to the linear program yields the optimal kernel and, hence, the optimal time-frequency mapping for that signal. A fast algorithm has been developed for solving the linear program, allowing the computation of the signal-dependent TFD with a time complexity on the same order as a fixed-kernel distribution. Besides this computational efficiency, an attractive feature of the optimization-based approach is the ease with which the formulation can be customized to incorporate application-specific knowledge into the design process.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Love as Trompe-l'oeil: Taxonomies of Desire in Venus and Adonis (2008)

This chapter takes issue with the moralising interpretation of Shakespeare's Venus and Adonis that blames an ageing Venus for improper advances to a boy. The poem marks a moment when the role of love was subject to radical historical reassessment. A literary trompe-l'oeil, a text of and about desire, Venus and Adonis promises a definitive account of love, but at the same time it withholds the finality that such a promise might lead the readers to expect. The goddess of love unexpectedly appears as a desiring subject, herself at the mercy of an intractable passion. The shifting meaning of lust depends on the emergent difference between lust and love. The poem sustains the desire of the reader-critic to the degree that it refuses to yield the gratification of a final meaning, a commitment to moral piety concealed behind the folds of its heterogeneous textuality.
Active, retired persons' quality of life explored using repertory grid (2003)

The repertory grid structured interview technique (RGT) was used to discover how active, retired persons conceptualise quality of life (QOL) and to evaluate their QOL against self-generated criteria reflecting their own values. This technique contrasts with traditional approaches to QOL measurement relying on prespecified QOL criteria. RGT interviews were conducted with 36 active retired persons aged 57-82 years. RGT-based QOL scores correlated .48 and .59 with single-question global measures of QOL. Correlations with SF-12 health survey scales were .41 and .51. These correlations suggest adequate validity for the RGT-based QOL measure. Subsequent content analysis identified criteria for QOL, these being: disposition or attitude (mentioned by 92%), health (61%), social involvement (61%), activity (58%), independence (53%), finance (53%), life experience (39%), adaptation and coping (36%), aptitude (28%), environment (28%), security (11%) and work life (6%). A total of 27 subcategories were identified within 8 of these QOL criteria. Using RGT to explore an individual's concept of QOL and measuring QOL according to a person's own criteria has applications as a research tool, and for tailoring clinical interventions to individual needs. (author abstract)
MK-801 prevents microglial reaction in rat hippocampus after forebrain ischemia (1992)

Delayed neuronal death induced by transient forebrain ischemia in the rat hippocampus is preceded by a prominent microglial reaction which begins within minutes after the ischemic injury. In the present study we have examined the effect of the non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist MK-801 on microglial activation and neuronal survival. Using lectin histochemistry to detect microglia, we show that the systemic administration of MK-801 prior to ischemia prevents microglial activation, as well as delayed death of CA1 pyramidal neurons. The results demonstrate that early blockage of the glutamate cascade prevents microglial activation, and could suggest a role for microglia in mediating ischemic injury.
Islet-specific T cell clones transfer diabetes to nonobese diabetic (NOD) F1 mice. (1994)

To investigate diabetes resistance to T cell-mediated disease transfer, we administered islet-specific T cell clones to the F1 progeny of nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice that were crossed with various nondiabetes-prone inbred mouse strains. We investigated four diabetogenic CD4+ T cell clones and all induced insulitis and full development of diabetes in (SWR x NOD)F1, (SJL x NOD)F1, and (C57BL/6 x NOD)F1 mice. In contrast, (BALB/c x NOD)F1 and (CBA x NOD)F1 mice were susceptible to disease transfer by some T cell clones but not others, and (C57/L x NOD)F1 mice seemed to be resistant to both insulitis and disease transfer by all of the clones tested. Disease induced by the T cell clones in susceptible F1 strains was age dependent and could only be observed in recipients younger than 13 days old. Full or partial disease resistance did not correlate with the presence or absence of I-E, different levels of Ag expression in islet cells, or differences in APC function. The results from this study suggest that there may be multiple factors contributing to susceptibility of F1 mice to T cell clone-mediated induction of diabetes, including non-MHC-related genetic background, the immunologic maturity of the recipient, and individual characteristics of the T cell clones.
Hierarchical group oriented key management method HGK (2002)

A cryptographic scheme can be used for controlling access to information, since any user who does not have a proper key can not decipher. But for this purpose, a user would have to manage a huge number of keys when he tries to communicate with a lot of people. The practical utilization method of access control by cryptography is discussed. The authors propose a typical organizational structure called hierarchical group oriented structure and go on to propose a hierarchical group oriented key management method (HGK method) based on the multiple keys generated from the combination of pieces. They explain that this method is very desirable in terms of reducing the numbers of keys required for each user in the hierarchical group oriented structure.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis and biochemical evaluation of inhibitors of estrogen biosynthesis (1978)

The synthesis and biochemical evaluation of various C19-steroidal derivatives as inhibitors of estrogen biosynthesis are described. Steroids with substitutions on the A or B ring were synthesized by Michael addition of various thiol reagents to appropriate dienone intermediates. An in vitro assay employing the microsomal fraction isolated from human term placenta was used to evaluate aromatase inhibitory properties. Agents exhibiting high inhibitory activity were further evaluated in inital velocity studies (low product formation) to determine apparent Ki values. Several 7alpha-substituted androst-4-ene-3,17-diones were effective competitive inhibitors and have apparent Ki values equal to or less than the apparent Km of 0.063 microM for the substrate androstenedione.
Descriptions of some New Species of Ants from the Holy Land, with a Synonymic List of others previously described. (1861)

xBio:D Automated Upload
The Prevalence of Negative Studies with Inadequate Statistical Power (2002)

Studies published in the medical literature often neglect to consider the statistical power needed to detect a meaningful difference between study groups. Small sample sizes tend to produce negative results because of low statistical power. Studies that cannot make conclusive statements about their hypotheses can waste resources, deter further research, and impede advances in clinical treatment. The current study reviewed three of the most frequently read plastic surgery journals from 1976 to 1996 to determine the prevalence of inadequately (<80 percent) powered clinical trials and experimental studies that found no difference (negative studies) in the response variable of interest between comparison groups. The statistical power of 54 negative studies using continuous response variables was calculated to detect a difference of 1 SD (+/-1 SD) in means between the comparative groups. The power of another 57 negative studies with dichotomous response (yes/no) variables was calculated to detect a relative change in proportions of 25 percent and 50 percent from the experimental to the control group. It was found that 85 percent of the studies with continuous response variables had inadequate power to detect the desired mean difference of +/-1 SD. In studies with dichotomous response variables, 98 percent had inadequate power to detect a desired 25 percent relative change in proportions, and 74 percent had inadequate power to detect a desired 50 percent relative change in proportions. These results indicate that many of the studies in the plastic surgery literature lack adequate power to detect a moderate-to-large difference between groups. The lack of power makes the interpretation of the studies with negative findings inconclusive. Proper study design dictates that investigators consider a priori the difference between groups that is of clinical interest, and the sample size per group that is needed to provide adequate statistical power to detect the desired difference.
Application of a leakage based precoding scheme to mitigate intrinsic interference in FBMC (2013)

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with offset QAM (OFDM/OQAM) modulation scheme, more commonly known as filter bank multicarrier (FBMC), has received greater attention recently, due to its spectral efficiency compared to standard OFDM. However, intrinsic interference in FBMC causes a negative effect on the system performance depending on the channel condition. Hence, in this paper, we analyze the interference in OFDM/OQAM systems and introduce a preceder based on signal-to-leakage-plus-noise ratio (SLNR) to overcome the effect of interference on the system. First we implement the system in a more efficient way using inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT). Then based on that model, the precoding matrix is generated. Finally through simulation and analysis, reduction of interference and improvement of performance are investigated.
Evaluation of a single oral dose of lufenuron to control flea infestations in dogs (1994)

A single dose of lufenuron was administered to dogs to test its efficacy in controlling cat flea (Ctenocephalides felis) infestations for at least 30 days. Efficacy measurements revealed marked differences in the reproduction capability of fleas collected from dogs in the treatment vs the control group. Essentially, all of the eggs collected from dogs treated with lufenuron were unable to develop into normal adult fleas. Conversely, in the control group, 68.6% of the flea eggs developed into normal adult progeny.
The pattern of multiples of 7 below 100 (2015)

In our world, 7 is a magic number. There are 7 days in a week. There are 7 continents on the globe, 7 colours in the rainbow, 7 naturals on the keyboard and 7 wonders of the world.
Monocyte Subsets: Phenotypes and Function in Tuberculosis Infection (2018)

Monocytes are critical defense components that play an important role in the primary innate immune response. The heterogeneous nature of monocytes and their ability to differentiate into either monocyte-derived macrophages or monocyte-derived dendritic cells allows them to serve as a bridge between the innate and adaptive immune responses. Current studies of monocytes based on immunofluorescence, single-cell RNA sequencing and whole mass spectrometry finger printing reveals different classification systems for monocyte subsets. In humans, three circulating monocyte subsets are classified based on relative expression levels of CD14 and CD16 surface proteins, namely classical, intermediate and non-classical subsets. Transcriptomic analyses of these subsets help to define their distinct functional properties. Tuberculosis (TB) is a disease instigated by the deadly pathogen <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>. Current research on monocytes in TB has indicated that there are alterations in the frequency of intermediate and non-classical subsets suggesting their impact in bacterial persistence. In this review, we will focus on these monocyte subsets, including their classification, frequency distribution, cytokine profiles, role as a biomarker and will comment on future directions for understanding the salient phenotypic and functional properties relevant to TB pathogenesis.
Adaptive fuzzy temperature control for hydronic heating systems (2003)

This paper describes an innovative adaptive fuzzy control (AFC) algorithm for regulating the room temperature in a hydronic heating system. The hydronic heating system consists of a boiler that provides central heating water to a radiator or radiators in a home or apartment. Room temperature is regulated with a motor that drives a variable-position valve on each radiator that controls the flow of hot water through the radiator. The AFC automatically learns the steady-state radiator valve positions for five operating set points and uses this information in a fuzzy controller that commands the radiator valve position. Laboratory tests under typical operating conditions show that the AFC simultaneously improves the control quality while reducing the battery consumption when compared with a conventional proportional-integral (PI) feedback controller. For a 70-hour laboratory test with typical operating set points, the control quality increased 32% while the estimated battery consumption decreased 35%. The AFC's memory and processing requirements are suitable for embedded microprocessors, so it is a realistic replacement for a conventional PID algorithm.
Notes - Steroids. LXXVI. Synthesis of Long Chain Carboxylic Acid Esters of 17α-Hydroxyprogesterone (1956)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNotes - Steroids. LXXVI. Synthesis of Long Chain Carboxylic Acid Esters of 17α-HydroxyprogesteroneE. Batres, R. Gomez, G. Rosenkranz, and F. SondheimerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1956, 21, 2, 240–241Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1956Publication History Published online3 March 2003Published inissue 1 February 1956https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01108a601https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01108a601research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detection and Estimation of Steroidal Sapogenins in Plant Tissue (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDetection and Estimation of Steroidal Sapogenins in Plant TissueM. E. Wall, C. R. Eddy, M. L. McClennan, and M. E. KlumppCite this: Anal. Chem. 1952, 24, 8, 1337–1341Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60068a018https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60068a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views420Altmetric-Citations209LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Correlating Transfection Barriers and Biophysical Properties of Cationic Polymethacrylates (2007)

Transfection efficiencies of several polymeric gene carriers were compared and correlated quantitatively to the amounts of cellular accumulation of plasmid DNA and to the expression of mRNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR). Three polycations polymers with similar chemical structure were used in this study: poly(dimethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PDMA) homopolymer, PEO-b-PDMA copolymer, and PEO-b-poly(diethylamino)ethyl methacrylate (PEO-b-PDEA) copolymer. Despite their similar chemical structures, the transfection efficiencies were significantly different. PEO-b-PDEA copolymer was significantly less efficient as gene carrier as compared to both PDMA and PEO-b-PDMA. Correlations between cytotoxicity, cellular uptake of plasmid DNA, expression levels of transgene and protein, and the physical properties of the polymers were observed. With the PEO-b-PDEA studies, cytotoxicity was due primarily to the excess of polymers that did not participate in the DNA binding. In addition, the inability of the polymer/DNA polyplexes to interact with cell effectively was identified as a critical barrier for high efficiency of transfection. This study demonstrated that the use of quantitative real-time PCR in combination with physical characterization techniques could provide useful insights into the transfection barrier at different cellular levels.
Solar energy conversion and storage systems for the future (1975)

The thesis of this paper is that the long-range solution to the energy woes of the world does not lie in any one particular approach and that several avenues should be explored simultaneously, with particular emphasis on the exploitation of solar energy in its various manifestations such as heat, winds, tides, and ocean thermal gradients. Research and development over the past thirteen years at Oklahoma State University has resulted in the evolution of several components required to engineer a continuous duty power system running on nonexpendable energy sources, namely the sun and the wind. This paper presents the system and discusses its applicability to the energy systems of the future.
Physical limits and information bounds of micro control. II. Quantum soft computing and quantum searching algorithms (2002)

Principles of quantum soft computing, models of fast quantum searching algorithms and the possibility of its applications for intelligent control of micro-systems are introduced. The description problem of searching and decision-making support processes from more fundamental mutual positions of the new information technologies and a modern physics, information physics, are discussed: (1) in the quantum information theory-the information complexity theory of random symbolic sequences, computation complexity, quantum searching algorithms; and (2) in the modern physics-nonequilibrium thermodynamics and quantum mechanics.
Pharmacology of oral combination analgesics: rational therapy for pain (2001)

No single analgesic agent is perfect and no single analgesic can treat all types of pain. Yet each agent has distinct advantages and disadvantages compared to the others. Hence, clinical outcomes might be improved under certain conditions with the use of a combination of analgesics, rather than reliance on a single agent. A combination is most effective when the individual agents act through different analgesic mechanisms and act synergistically. By activating multiple pain-inhibitory pathways, combination analgesics can provide more effective pain relief for a broader spectrum of pain, and might also reduce adverse drug reactions. This overview highlights the therapeutic potential of combining analgesic medications with different mechanisms of action, particularly a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) or acetaminophen with an opioid or tramadol.
Wireless SDN mobile ad hoc network: From theory to practice (2017)

A promising approach for dealing with the increasing demand of data traffic is the use of device-to-device (D2D) technologies, in particular when the destination can be reached directly, or though few retransmissions by peer devices. Thus, the cellular network can offload local traffic that is transmitted by an ad hoc network, e.g., a mobile ad hoc network (MANET), or a vehicular ad hoc network (VANET). The cellular base station can help coordinate all the devices in the ad hoc network by reusing the software tools developed for software-defined networks (SDNs), which divide the control and the data messages, transmitted in two separate interfaces. In this paper, we present a practical implementation of an SDN MANET, describe in detail the software components that we adopted, and provide a repository for all the new components that we developed. This work can be a starting point for the wireless networking community to design new testbeds with SDN capabilities that can have the advantages of D2D data transmissions and the flexibility of a centralized network management. In order to prove the feasibility of such a network, we also showcase the performance of the proposed network implemented in real devices, as compared to a distributed ad hoc network.
Photonic Band Calculations for Woodpile Structures (1994)

Abstract Photonic band structure has been computed for 'woodpile' structures having the periodicity of the simple tetragonal lattice. Bandgaps have been found. Further research directions are explored.