gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crystal Structure and Formation of the Aluminium Hydroxide Chloride [Al13(OH)24(H2O)24]Cl15 · 13 H2O (1998)

A basic aluminium chloride with high chlorine content (basicity 1.85) has been crystallized from a concentrated aqueous solution. Its crystal structure has been determined by X-ray structure analysis. The structure contains tridecameric cations of a novel type consisting only of interconnected AlO6 octahedra. The formation of these polycations is discussed.
Homophilic NCAM interactions interfere with L1 stimulated neurite outgrowth (1999)

The cell adhesion molecules NCAM and L1 are considered to play key roles in neuronal development and plasticity. L1 has been shown to interact with NCAM, possibly through NCAM binding to oligomannosidic glycans present in L1. We investigated the effect of recombinant immunoglobulin (Ig) modules of NCAM involved in homophilic NCAM binding, on L1 induced neurite outgrowth from PC12-E2 cells and found a complete inhibition of L1 induced neurite outgrowth after addition of Ig-modules 1, 2 and 3 of NCAM, suggesting that the ligation state of NCAM is crucial for normal L1 signaling.
The identification of proliferation and tumour‐induced proteins in human endothelial cells: A possible target for tumour therapy (1991)

The continued growth and spread of tumours is dependent on the proliferation of the endothelial cells of their vasculature. The presence of proliferation- or tumour-induced surface proteins on these endothelial cells would offer a suitable epitope for monoclonal antibody therapy of tumours. Using cultured human umbilical and capillary endothelial cells, we have stimulated them with simple mitogens and tumour conditioned media and examined the proteins induced by [35S]methionine incorporation and 125I-surface-labelling. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the induction of proliferation and tumour-related antigens on the surface of the endothelial cells. Subsequent monoclonal antibody studies suggest that tumour specific surface proteins are present on most tumour endothelium.
Thallous Sulfide Photo-Conductive Cells I. Experimental Investigation (1946)

An experimental study of thallous sulfide photo-conductive cells is presented. It includes an investigation of the sensitizing oxidation reaction; cell characteristics as function of voltage, temperature, light intensity, wave-length, modulating frequency, and composition; measurements of thermoeffect and optical absorption; x-ray and electron diffraction studies, and an examination of the photo-response to light flashes of very short duration. A theoretical discussion will be given as Part II in a subsequent paper.
Identification and Analysis of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> Components Expressed by a Model System of Growth in Serum (2001)

A model system mimicking Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia was developed by growth in serum under microaerobic conditions. Eight genes induced by growth in serum were identified, including an antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis locus, amino acid biosynthetic loci, and genes encoding putative surface proteins. Nine independent insertions were found in the major lysine biosynthesis operon, which encodes eight genes, is repressed by lysine in vitro, and is expressed in vivo.
Transportation (1992)

This chapter embraces the broad spectrum of transportation facilities which have become so important in sustaining the economic and social well-being of a country. It commences with general transportation characteristics and implications and then proceeds to examine the major elements comprising motorways, railways, rapid transit systems, rivers and canals, the Channel Tunnel, and airports.
Systemic therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: beyond sorafenib (2018)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains the second leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide and the fifth leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. In 2007, sorafenib became the first Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved first line systemic treatment for HCC, however, it confers only modest benefit in median overall survival (mOS) and comes with significant side effects. This review article will explore systemic treatments for incurable HCC beyond sorafenib. It will pay particular emphasis to various kinase inhibitors, immunotherapies, and new data on combination therapies.
Rodent models of brain metastasis in melanoma (2005)

Metastasis of melanoma to the central nervous system (CNS) remains one of the major barriers to successful treatment of this disease. Available treatment modalities are of limited clinical efficacy. This problem is compounded by the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), an important consideration in the development of new therapeutic agents. Only in animal models can the dual properties of experimental tumours and the BBB be explored in one system. A variety of rodent models have been developed, utilizing both murine and human melanoma cell lines. These models have highlighted the complex biology of cerebral metastasis, involving apparent disease progression through the selection of subclones at each stage, eventually leading to disease in the brain. As demonstrated in a number of animal studies, different subpopulations of metastatic melanoma cells are likely to be responsible for parenchymal and leptomeningeal CNS disease. In addition, these animal systems have been used to demonstrate the potential efficacy of new chemotherapeutic drugs, radiation treatments and immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of melanoma brain metastasis. Key biological questions remain to be answered. In particular, the molecular and cellular mechanisms responsible for establishing cerebral melanoma must be clearly delineated. Several molecules, including vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and integrins, appear to play important, but not definitive, roles. Other, as yet undefined, molecules appear to be critical. The identification of these factors in experimental models, with confirmatory studies in humans, will expand our understanding of cerebral melanoma and provide valuable new therapeutic targets for intervention in this difficult clinical problem.
Rapid Enzymatic Method for Vitamin C Assay in Fruits and Vegetables Using Peroxidase (1989)

ABSTRACT A new enzymatic method is reported for the assay of vitamin C in fruits and vegetables using peroxidase in the presence of hydrogen peroxide. The method is based on the colorimetric detection of the highly colored products of oxidation of 1,4‐diaminobenzene, added as synthetic substrate, that can be taken as the end‐point for the oxidation of vitamin C. No interference by other biological compounds contained in the fruits and vegetables was found. The method is as accurate and rapid as the traditional method employing ascorbate oxidase but has the additional advantages of requiring a much cheaper enzyme and no expensive instrumentation.
Emended Descriptions of Lactobacillus sake (Katagiri, Kitahara, and Fukami) and Lactobacillus curvatus (Abo-Elnaga and Kandler): Numerical Classification Revealed by Protein Figerprinting and Identification Based on Biochemical Patterns and DNA-DNA Hybridizations (1996)

A former subgenus of the genus Lactobacillus, "Streptobacterium," comprises a wide range of species, including the so-called "atypical streptobacteria," which includes the Lactobacillus sake-Lactobacillus curvatus group. Various identification systems and differentiation criteria for L. sake and L. curvatus have been described previously and are well established. The phenotypic diversity within these two species was the reason for comparing phenotypic variations with DNA homology data. Previously described biotypes of L. sake (Katagiri, Kitahara, and Fukami) and L. curvatus (Abo-Elnaga and Kandler) were the basis for selecting strains. Strains of all known biotypes of these species were examined to determine their biochemical reactions, their physiological growth characteristics, their total soluble protein contents as determined by a pattern analysis in which native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with colloidal Coomassie blue and silver diamine stainine were used, and their levels of DNA homology as determined by DNA-DNA hybridization experiments. All of the phenotypic analyses revealed a diversity within the taxa, whereas the DNA-DNA hybridization analysis revealed that the level of genomic homogeneity within each species was relatively high. The phenotypic diversity and genomic homogeneity which we observed allowed us to describe subgroups of L. sake and L. curvatus. The descriptions of L. sake and L. curvatus are emended accordingly. These subgroups which we describe may be the basis for defining subspecies within these two species.
Role of metallic contamination in the formation of ’’saucer’’ pit defects in epitaxial silicon (1977)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation C. W. Pearce, R. G. McMahon; Role of metallic contamination in the formation of ''saucer'' pit defects in epitaxial silicon. J. Vac. Sci. Technol. 1 January 1977; 14 (1): 40–43. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.569244 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science and Technology Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A microfluidic platform for simultaneous quantification of oxygen-dependent viscosity and shear thinning in sickle cell blood (2019)

The pathology of sickle cell disease begins with the polymerization of intracellular hemoglobin under low oxygen tension, which leads to increased blood effective viscosity and vaso-occlusion. However, it has remained unclear how single-cell changes propagate up to the scale of bulk blood effective viscosity. Here, we use a custom microfluidic system to investigate how the increase in the stiffness of individual cells leads to an increase in the shear stress required for the same fluid strain in a suspension of softer cells. We characterize both the shear-rate dependence and the oxygen-tension dependence of the effective viscosity of sickle cell blood, and we assess the effect of the addition of increasing fractions of normal cells whose material properties are independent of oxygen tension, a scenario relevant to the treatment of sickle patients with blood transfusion. For untransfused sickle cell blood, we find an overall increase in effective viscosity at all oxygen tensions and shear rates along with an attenuation in the degree of shear-thinning achieved at the lowest oxygen tensions. We also find that in some cases, even a small fraction of transfused blood cells restores the shape of the shear-thinning relationship, though not the overall baseline effective viscosity. These results suggest that untransfused sickle cell blood will show the most extreme relative rheologic impairment in regions of high shear and that introducing even small fractions of normal blood cells may help retain some shear-thinning capability though without addressing a baseline relative increase in effective viscosity independent of shear.
Closed-form solution to 3D points for estimating extrinsic parameters of camera and laser sensor (2014)

Integration systems based on cameras and laser rangefinders has been applied in many researches on robotics, autonomous navigation vehicles, and intelligent transportation systems. Relative information between sensors is usually required for systems using multiple sensors. This paper will present a method for recovering extrinsic parameters of a system based on an omnidirectional camera and laser rangefinder. The calibration method uses a discontiguous calibration pattern, which emphasizes laser information of range. It supports to extract corresponding feature points between camera images and laser range scans. A closed-form solution is also presented for estimating 3D image points based on the PnP technique. Finally, corresponding 3D points are used to recover extrinsic parameters of location and direction of a camera with respect to a laser rangefinder.
Silicone versus Nonsilicone Gel Dressings: A Controlled Trial (2001)

Silicone and nonsilicone gel dressings are equally effective in the treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars.
The current status of expert system development and related technologies in Japan (1990)

General trends and statistics obtained from responses to a questionnaire are reviewed, showing that more than 400 expert systems are now under development or in practical use in Japan. Three expert systems selected as representative examples from among planning-and-design-system candidates are described: IBM Japan's Scheplan, Kayaba's OHCS, and Hitachi's automatic pipe-routing system for a power plant. Current Japanese research in related methodologies, including knowledge compilation, knowledge acquisition, generic methods for building expert systems, the automatic generation of task-oriented expert systems, and machine learning, is examined. It is noted that AI is spreading into almost every Japanese industry, and Japanese companies are seeking the most efficient way of introducing AI technologies, particularly expert systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SU-GG-I-25: CBCT Reconstruction during VMAT Delivery Using Elekta Synergy System (2010)

Purpose: The advantage of in-treatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging is direct verification of time-averaged tumor position during treatment. Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment using current linear accelerator with an on-board CBCT unit actually enables us to acquire in-treatment CBCT. For instance, Elekta Synergy system (Crawley, UK) is equipped with such CBCT function. During VMAT, however, it is not always allowed to obtain CBCT images, but kV projection imaging only can be performed in Synergy system. In this investigation, we tried to reconstruct in-treatment CBCT images based on kV projection imaging of Synergy system during VMAT delivery. Method and Materials: VMAT plans (for cancer in prostate, head and neck) having non-regular rotation were created by Pinnacle3 v9.0 SmartArc (Philips), and were delivered with simultaneous irradiation of kV on “Motion View” mode of Synergy system. Using the projection images with scattering correction of MV beams due to VMAT delivery, volumetric image was reconstructed. For the correction, intensity curve difference of adjacent lines in sinogram was considered. In addition, intensity profile of MV beam is also employed for the correction. Here, a modified-Hamming filter was employed as a reconstruction filter in filtered back projection algorithm. The geometric non-idealities in gantry rotation were also corrected in the present reconstruction. Results: In-treatment volumetric reconstruction images of a phantom were acquired successfully by the present method. The scattering of MV treatment beams on kV projection images during VMAT delivery does not affect significantly to the contrast of reconstruction images. The delivery of VMAT was not disturbed by the simultaneous delivery of kV cone beam. Conclusion: This preliminary study indicates that in-treatment CBCT reconstruction images can be acquired by using “Motion View” mode of Synergy system.
Directional complex-wavelet processing (2000)

Poor directional selectivity, a major disadvantage of the separable 2D discrete wavelet transform (DWT), has previously been circumvented either by using highly redundant, nonseparable wavelet transforms or by using restrictive designs to obtain a pair of wavelet trees. In this paper, we demonstrate that superior directional selectivity may be obtained with no redundancy in any separable wavelet transform. We achieve this by projecting the wavelet coefficients to separate approximately the positive and negative frequencies. Subsequent decimation maintains non-redundancy. A novel reconstruction step guarantees perfect reconstruction within this critically- sampled framework. Although our transform generates complex- valued coefficients, it may be implemented with a fast algorithm that uses only real arithmetic. We also explain how redundancy may be judiciously introduced into our transform to benefit certain applications. To demonstrate the efficacy of our projection technique, we show that it achieves state-of-the-art performance in a seismic image- processing application.
Increasing throughput of iterative decoders (2001)

Decoding concatenated codes with an iterative decoder including a stopping criterion saves power compared to decoding with a fixed number of iterations. In this work the throughput of the decoder is also increased. This is achieved by using additional buffers at the decoder input and a modified stopping criterion. Simulations demonstrate that this method can double the throughput compared to the conventional decoding algorithm.
604 IWave Control of Suspended Rope Based on Finite Difference Model (2013)

This paper describes the wave control of suspended rope by using the control law based on a finite difference (FD) model. The non-existing term in the boundary node equation due to the boundary condition is restored by control, which is computed with the wave propagating solution of the interior node equation as if no boundary existed. The wave propagating solution of the finite difference suspended rope system is newly derived in this paper by introducing the new variable of the difference between adjacent displacements. A similar process to the multiple pendulums system study (2) is applied to the finite difference rope system and the displacement transfer function between adjacent node displacement in frequency domain and the convolution integral kernel function in time domain have been obtained. The frequency analysis and numerical time simulation have confirmed the wave control characteristics of the control law. The simulation of the suspended rope system with load at the bottom has also been conducted and shown the controllability superior to wave control of the non-homogeneous multiple simple pendulum system
Morphology Control of Zinc Oxide Nanocrystals via Hybrid Laser/Hydrothermal Synthesis (2010)

We introduce a hybrid growth method for the rapid synthesis of ZnO nanocrystals with controllable morphologies through incorporating laser heating along with the traditional hydrothermal synthesis. The crystals are formed using a 248 nm KrF excimer laser irradiation of hydrothermal mixtures. Characterization of samples carried out using transmission electron microscopy, absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy indicate a critical fluence at which the reaction kinetics can be controlled to synthesize nanoparticles with a narrow size distribution while fluences above or below this value leads to nanocrystals with a range of morphologies and a broad size distribution.. A growth model is presented in order to explain the observed trend with varying laser fluence. At low fluence, Ostwald ripening is thought to control the growth process, while at the critical fluence a competing photothermal breakdown effect is thought to explain the size controlled formation of nanoparticles. At higher fluences, Ostwald ripening is thought to proceed at a rate higher than the photothermal breakdown leading to the formation of bi-, tri-, or tetrapod-like structures. The possibility of the photothermal breakdown process at the critical fluence is also supported through computational results.
Interconnect optimisation during data path allocation (1990)

In previous research interconnection was optimised when the module allocation for the operations and the register allocation for the variables already had been done. However, both the amount of multiplexing and interconnect are crucial factors to both the delay and the area of a circuit. In this paper it is shown that when variables are grouped into register files and operations are assigned to modules to minimise the interconnections, significant savings (20%) can be obtained in the number of local interconnections and the amount of global interconnect on the expense of only slightly more register area. This can be enhanced by splitting read and write phases of registers and even more by introducing serial (re-) write operations for the same value. The variable grouping is based on edge colouring algorithms that provide a sharp upper bound on the number of colours needed. >
Composite Toffoli gate with two-round error detection (2013)

We introduce a fault-tolerant construction to implement a composite quantum operation of four overlapping Toffoli gates. The same construction can produce two independent Toffoli gates. This result lowers resource overheads in designs for quantum computers by more than an order of magnitude. The procedure uses Clifford operations and 64 copies of the non-Clifford gate $T=\mathrm{exp}[i\ensuremath{\pi}(I\ensuremath{-}{\ensuremath{\sigma}}^{z})/8]$. Quantum codes detect errors in the circuit. When the dominant source of error is $T$-gate failure with probability $p$, then the composite Toffoli circuit has a postselected failure rate of $3072{p}^{4}$ to lowest order.
Post Mortem of an Aged Tier 2 Light-Duty Diesel Truck Aftertreatment System (2009)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A 2005 prototype diesel aftertreatment system consisting of diesel oxidation catalysts (DOC), Cu/zeolite Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) catalyst, and Catalyzed Diesel Particulate Filter (CDPF) was aged to an equivalent of 120k mi on an engine dynamometer using an aging cycle that incorporated both city and highway driving modes. The program demonstrated durable reduction in particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions to federal Tier 2 levels on a 6000 lbs light-duty truck application. Very low sulfur diesel fuel (∼15 ppm) enabled lower PM emissions, reduced the fuel penalty associated with the emission control system, and improved long-term system durability. A total of 643 filter regenerations occurred during the aging that raised the entire catalyst system to high temperatures on a regular basis. After testing the aged system on a 6000 lbs light-duty diesel truck, a post mortem analysis was completed on core samples taken from the DOC, SCR catalyst, and filter. It was found that the outlet of the DOC and the inlet of the SCR were deteriorated most significantly. Known catalyst poisons such as P were found in the DOC and SCR washcoats. The filter contained residual ash that was composed mainly of Ca, P and Zn compounds. The inlet of the SCR catalyst contained Pt that degraded the NOx conversion in that portion of the catalyst. Overall, the system was still quite functional and delivered 74% NOx conversion on the U.S. Federal Test Procedure (FTP-75) for light-duty vehicles</div>