gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Lactoperoxidase binding to streptococci (1979)

There have been conflicting reports regarding the binding of lactoperoxidase to bacterial cell surfaces. We describe here the effects of cell-bound lactoperoxidase on acid production by suspensions of Streptococcus mutans (NCTC 10449) in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate. Saline suspensions of log-phase bacteria were treated with 0.1 mg of lactoperoxidase per ml and were then washed thoroughly. The addition of hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate markedly reduced the acid production of these lactoperoxidase-treated bacteria but had no effect on the acid production of untreated controls. After a 3-h incubation in saline, the lactoperoxidase-treated bacteria produced acid in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and thiocyanate at the same rate as untreated bacteria. These observations suggest that lactoperoxidase is initially bound to the cell surface in an enzymatically active form at a concentration sufficient to inhibit acid production. The lactoperoxidase is slowly degraded or desorbed as the bacteria stand in saline suspension.
Chitin and Chitosan Fibers (1997)

Chitin and chitosan are natural polymers extracted from various plants and animals. In recent years, these two polymers have attracted much interest because of their biodegradability, biocompatibility, wound-healing acceleration and many other unique properties. As a natural renewable resource, they offer many potential applications in a number of diversified fields. Chitin and chitosan fibers have been found useful as a biomaterial for potential applications such as sutures and wound dressings. This article presents a brief introduction to the properties of chitin and chitosan, and reviews the various attempts for the production of fibers from the two polymers. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Tyre Responses to Brake Torque Variations (1996)

ABSTRACT An in-plane tyre model to study the tyre responses to brake torque variations is presented. This model conceives a rigid ring (representing the tyre tread band) on an elastic foundation (representing the tyre sidewalls). The contact of the ring with the road is governed by a vertical residual stiffness representing the large deformation of the tyre in the contact patch and a slip model that generates the horizontal forces in the contact patch. This slip model, which is based on the relaxation length principle, is formulated such that it can handle zero velocity conditions. Experiments were carried out on a test drum. The tyre was excited by applying variations of brake torque. The measured frequency response functions of the longitudinal force show clearly two modes of vibration of the tyre at 33 and 77 Hz. The frequency response functions are used to estimate the tyre parameters. Large variations of brake torque are used to validate the tyre model. Two responses are discussed: successive step increases in brake pressure and braking with wheel lock.
Interprocedural optimization (1993)

While efficient new algorithms for interprocedural data-flow analysis have made these techniques practical for use in production compilation systems,a new problem has arisen: collecting and using interprocedural information in a compiler introduces subtle dependence among the proceduresof a program. If the compiler dependson interprocedural information to optimize a given module, a subsequentediting changeto another module in the program may changethe interprocedural information and necessitaterecompilation. To avoid having to recompile every module in a program in responseto a single editing changeto one module, we have developed techniques to more precisely determine which compilations have actually been invalidated by a changeto the program's source.This paper presents a general recoi-npzlatton test to determine which proceduresmust be compiled in responseto a series of editing changes.Three different implementation strategies, which demonstrate the fundamental tradeoff between the cost of analysis and the precision of the resulting test, are also discussed.
Impact of short-term high-fat feeding and insulin-stimulated FGF21 levels in subjects with low birth weight and controls (2012)

Short-term HF overfeeding markedly increased serum FGF21 levels in healthy young men with and without LBW but failed to increase muscle or fat FGF21 mRNA levels. This suggests that the liver may be responsible for the rise of serum FGF21 levels during overfeeding. In contrast, the increase in serum FGF21 levels during insulin infusion may arise from increased transcription in muscle and fat. We speculate that increased serum FGF21 levels during HF overfeeding may be a compensatory response to increase fatty acid oxidation and energy expenditure.
The Effects of Mechanical Stress and Spectral Shading on the Growth and Allocation of Ten Genotypes of a Stoloniferous Plant (2006)

These results suggest that in stoloniferous plants mechanical stress results in clones with a more compact, shorter shoot structure and more roots. This response does not appear to be suppressed by canopy shading, which suggests that wind shielding (reduced mechanical stress) by neighbours in dense vegetation serves as a cue that induces shade avoidance responses such as increased petiole elongation.
Cellular localization of stem cell factor and c-kit receptor in the mouse nervous system (1997)

We have characterized the cellular localization of stem cell factor (SCF) and c-kit receptor (c-kitR) in the adult mouse nervous system in situ and in culture by using immunocytochemistry. We found that SCF is largely confined to the neuronal population in normal brain, whereas c-kitR is expressed by glial cells as well as some neurons. We also found that astroglia at an early stage of culture (7 days in vitro) are strongly SCF positive and weakly c-kitR positive. Microglia in cultures express both SCF and c-kitR, but the immunostaining of SCF is weak and diffuse when microglia are cultured in the presence of colony stimulating factor-1. Northern blot analysis confirmed the expression of mRNAs of c-kit and SCF in cultured neurons, astroglia, and microglia. The addition of recombinant SCF to astroglia in culture upregulates the expression of mRNAs of nerve growth factor, brain derived neurotrophic factor, and ciliary neurotrophic factor. These observations suggest that SCF/c-kitR signaling is involved in neuron-neuron as well as neuron-glia interactions.
Perforation of the Superior Vena Cava by a Subclavian Hemodialysis Catheter: Early Detection by Angiography (1992)

A dual-lumen subclavian catheter was placed for temporary dialysis access in a 36-year-old woman. Clinical suspicion for a possible vena caval perforation by the catheter tip was confirmed by injection of contrast through the catheter. This technique allowed rapid diagnosis and prevented further potential complications related to catheter malposition.
Method for detecting elliptical pattern using director circle (1992)

The rapid and accurate detection of elliptical patterns from images is an important aspect of computer vision systems. An efficient method for detecting elliptical patterns is proposed. The method involves the center detection algorithm (CDA), director circle detection algorithm (DDA), and the form detecting algorithm (FDA). The CDA detects the center coordinates using the feature that there are two pixels in central symmetry with opposite edge orientation. The DDA detects the director circle instead of the semi-minor and semi-major diameters of the ellipse to reduce the parameters. The FDA determines the slope and diameters using the director circle.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A high-capacity column for affinity purification of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins (1992)

Version of Record
Parallel processor trigger with distributed real-time kernel (1991)

A second-level trigger system, based on 40 microprocessors working in parallel, has been designed and is being installed in the VENUS experiment. The purpose of the system is to find particle tracks in the central drift chamber online during analog-to-digital conversion, in about 10 ms. The hardware is designed to be easily modified by software to obtain the optimum configuration for the task at hand. To realize sufficient computing power for the task, the task must be divided and distributed to processors as evenly as possible, and a good balance between computation and communication load must be achieved. To be able to manage such a complicated system, several software tools have been developed. The software for the system has been entirely written in high-level language. Sufficient performance for the trigger operation has been obtained in tests with real event data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Early Detection: An Opportunity for Cancer Prevention Through Early Intervention (2012)

Cancer is the second leading disease cause of death in the United States. A group of more than 100 different and distinctive diseases, cancer may involve any tissue of the body. Estimates are that there were over 1.5 million cases in 2010 in the United States alone. Only a small fraction (less than 20%) of cancers are diagnosed at a localized stage where curative
Personalization, Socialization, and Recommendations in Location-based Services 2.0 (2011)

The wide increase of web-based user-generated content and social networking technologies have led to the wide popularity of the term Web 2.0, in which the World Wide Web has moved from being an interface for information retrieval to an interactive medium. Following Web 2.0, a flurry of 2.0s have appeared including Library 2.0, Travel 2.0, Government 2.0, and even Revolution 2.0. In this paper, we present our vision of Location-based Services (LBS) 2.0, where users generate significant location-based content, and have meaningful location-aware interactions with both the system and other users. We address three main aspects of LBS 2.0, namely, personalization, socialization, and recommendations. In terms of personalization, LBS 2.0 looks beyond the use of rigid nearestneighbor queries to more personalized best-neighbor queries where user preferences and context are taken into account when answering queries. In terms of socialization, LBS 2.0 goes beyond using location information as extra attributes in existing social networks to injecting location-awareness into the core functionality of social networks. For recommendations, LBS 2.0 aims to adapt existing commercially successful recommendation techniques to consider the spatial aspects of users and/or items when making its decisions. Overall, we discuss how the confluence of these topics form our vision of LBS 2.0. 1.
The Clinical Information Value of the Glycosylated Hemoglobin Assay (1984)

We evaluated the clinical information value of the glycosylated hemoglobin assay by comparing it with practitioners' estimates of glucose control over the preceding 10 weeks in 216 patients with diabetes. Twenty-four per cent of the practitioners' estimates, which were based on historical and laboratory data collected during a routine office visit, differed by more than +/- 75 mg per deciliter from the actual mean blood glucose levels calculated with the glycosylated hemoglobin assay. One third of the mean blood glucose concentration fell outside the confidence intervals physicians used to bound their estimates. When examined individually or in the aggregate, historical information, such as polyuria, nocturia, or home urine testing for glucose, and laboratory information, such as fasting or random blood glucose levels, were weak predictors of the actual mean concentration of blood glucose. We conclude that the glycosylated hemoglobin assay provides information about the degree of long-term glucose control that is not otherwise obtainable in the usual clinical setting.
<i>Frap</i> , FKBP12 rapamycin-associated protein, is a candidate gene for the plasmacytoma resistance locus <i>Pctr2</i> and can act as a tumor suppressor gene (2003)

Susceptibility to mouse plasmacytomagenesis is a complex genetic trait controlled by several Pctr loci (Pctr1, Pctr2, etc). Congenic strain analysis narrowed the genetic interval surrounding the Pctr2 locus, and genes identified in the interval were sequenced from susceptible BALB/c and resistant DBA/2 mice. Frap (FKBP12 rapamycin-associated protein, mTOR, RAFT) was the only gene differing in amino acid sequence between alleles that correlated with strain sensitivity to tumor development. The in vitro kinase activity of the BALB/c FRAP allele was lower than the DBA/2 allele; phosphorylation of p53 and PHAS1/4EBP1 (properties of heat and acid stability/eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein) and autophosphorylation of FRAP were less efficient with the BALB/c allele. FRAP also suppressed transformation of NIH 3T3 cells by ras, with DBA/2 FRAP being more efficient than BALB/c FRAP. Rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of FRAP, did not inhibit growth of plasmacytoma cell lines. These studies identify Frap as a candidate tumor suppressor gene, in contrast to many reports that have focused on its prooncogenic properties. Frap may be similar to Tgfb and E2f in exerting both positive and negative growth-regulatory signals, depending on the timing, pathway, or tumor system involved. The failure of rapamycin to inhibit plasma cell tumor growth suggests that FRAP antagonists may not be appropriate for the treatment of plasma cell tumors. Pctr2 joins Pctr1 in possessing alleles that modify susceptibility to plasmacytomagenesis by encoding differences in efficiency of function (efficiency alleles), rather than all-or-none, gain-of-function, or loss-of-function alleles. By analogy, human cancer may also result from the combined effects of several inefficient alleles.
Desflurane Slightly Increases the Sweating Threshold but Produces Marked, Nonlinear Decreases in the Vasoconstriction and Shivering Thresholds (1995)

The observed linear increase in the sweating threshold was similar in pattern and magnitude to that produced by most general anesthetics. The approximately 3 degrees C reduction in the vasoconstriction threshold by 0.8 MAC desflurane was similar to that observed previously during isoflurane and propofol anesthesia. However, the threshold was reduced less than expected at 0.5 MAC, suggesting that the dose-response relationship for vasoconstriction is nonlinear. Shivering was induced without difficulty in this study although the response is rare in surgical patients. It is likely that shivering during general anesthesia is rare because thermoregulatory vasoconstriction usually prevents body temperature from decreasing the required additional 1-1.5 degrees C.
Cu/Ti<sub>3</sub>SiC<sub>2</sub> composite: a new electrofriction material (1999)

Cu/Ti3SiC2 composite, a new electrofriction material, was prepared, for the first time, by PM method. The microstructure, mechanical and electrical properties of the Cu/Ti3SiC2 composites were investigated and were compared with those of Cu/graphite composites. The results demonstrated that Cu/Ti3SiC2 composites had superior mechanical properties over Cu/graphite composites. At filer content of less than 20 vol%, the electrical conductivity for Cu/Ti3SiC2 composites was higher than that for Cu/graphite composites; at high filer content, the electrical conductivity for Cu/Ti3SiC2 composites was lower than that for Cu/graphite composites because of the presence of residual pores. It was found that like Cu/graphite composite, Cu/Ti3SiC2 was a self-lubricated material. The compressive yield strength, Brinell hardness, relative ratio of compressive for Cu-30 vol% Ti3SiC2 composites are 307 MPa, 140, 15.7% respectively.
Generating high peak capacity 2‐D maps of complex proteomes using PMMA microchip electrophoresis (2008)

A high peak capacity 2-D protein separation system combining SDS micro-CGE (SDS micro-CGE) with microchip MEKC (micro-MEKC) using a PMMA microfluidic is reported. The utility of the 2-D microchip was demonstrated by generating a 2-D map from a complex biological sample containing a large number of constituent proteins using fetal calf serum (FCS) as the model system. The proteins were labeled with a thiol-reactive AlexaFluor 633 fluorophore (excitation/emission: 633/652 nm) to allow for ultra-sensitive on-chip detection using LIF following the 2-D separation. The high-resolution separation of the proteins was accomplished based on their size in the SDS micro-CGE dimension and their interaction with micelles in the micro-MEKC dimension. A comprehensive 2-D SDS micro-CGE x micro-MEKC separation of the FCS proteins was completed in less than <30 min using this 2-D microchip format, which consisted of 60 mm and 50 mm effective separation lengths for the first and second separation dimensions, respectively. Results obtained from the microchip separation were compared with protein maps acquired using conventional 2-D IEF and SDS-PAGE of a similar FCS sample. The microchip 2-D separation was found to be approximately 60x faster and yielded an average peak capacity of 2600 (+/- 149), nearly three times larger than that obtained using conventional IEF/SDS-PAGE.
FOOD CONTAMINATION (1972)

Food can be contaminated with visible material, chemical substances and invisible living cells of protozoa and other parasites, bacteria and viruses. Chemical food poisoning has occurred from metals such as copper, zinc, tin and antimony, accidental or intentional inclusion of poisons, pesticides, disinfectants, and from naturally poisonous plants. The sources of these various substances are usually fairly obvious, and the ill effect is brought about by a known dose which does not alter after access to the food.
Effects of MgO‐CaO‐P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>5</sub>‐Na<sub>2</sub>O‐based additives on mechanical and biological properties of hydroxyapatite (2004)

In this research, we improved densification, hardness, and compression strength of synthetic hydroxyapatite (HAp) ceramics by introducing small quantities of MgO-CaO-P(2)O(5)-Na(2)O-based sintering additives. Biological properties of HAp were not altered by this procedure. Phase analyses were performed by using a Philips Xpert fully automated diffractometer with Co K-alpha radiation to understand the influence of additives on phase purity in the final products. All compositions were characterized at green and sintered densities to understand the influence of additives on densification. Some of the compositions showed >40% increase in Vickers microhardness compared with pure HAp processed under the same conditions. Improvement in compression strength was also detected in some compositions. In vitro biological testing used a modified human osteoblast cell line to test biocompatibility, cell attachment, and cell proliferation. All these compositions were nontoxic and biocompatible. Our results indicate that MgO-CaO-P(2)O(5)-Na(2)O-based sintering additives can be used to improve both mechanical and biological properties of HAp ceramics.
Niemann–Pick disease type C (1998)

Niemann-Pick type C (NPC) is an autosomal recessive lysosomal storage disease. Fibroblasts from individuals with Niemann-Pick type C exhibit defective intracellular cholesterol transport. Linkage analysis has led to the recent cloning of the NPC1 gene on human chromosome 18, which is the major disease locus. Analysis of NPC1 reveals homologies with key regulators of cholesterol homeostasis and a Drosophila morphogen receptor.
Bayern und die Antike. 150 Jahre Maximilians-Gymnasium München, herausgegeben von Wolf-Arnim Frhr. V. Reitzenstein (2017)

Rezension zu: Bayern und die Antike. 150 Jahre Maximilians-Gymnasium München, herausgegeben von Wolf-Arnim Frhr. V. Reitzenstein, Verlag C.H.Beck, München 1999, 331 Seiten (ISBN 3 406 44995 6).
Spin and momentum filtering of electrons on the surface of a topological insulator (2011)

We investigate theoretically the transport properties of Dirac fermions on the surface of a three-dimensional topological insulator. Dirac electrons can be totally reflected in front of a magnetic/electric p-n junction. For a p-n-p structure, multiple total internal reflections at the interfaces result in the bound states in the channel, which behaves like an electronic waveguide. This p-n-p like structure exhibits spin and momentum filtering features and could be used as a spin and/or charge diode.
Yeast RNA Polymerase II Transcription Reconstituted with Purified Proteins (1997)

Protocols are presented for the preparation of a fully defined yeast RNA polymerase II transcription system, consisting of essentially pure TFIIB, -E, -F, and -H, TATA-binding protein, RNA polymerase II, and mediator of transcriptional regulation. This system, comprising 44 polypeptides, is able to initiate transcription at any of a dozen yeast and mammalian promoters thus far tested and responds to a variety of transcriptional activator proteins.
Water-Induced Degradation of Polymer Solar Cells Studied by H<sub>2</sub><sup>18</sup>O Labeling (2008)

Water-induced degradation of polymer photovoltaics based on the active materials poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) or poly[2-methoxy-5-(2'-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEHPPV) was studied. The solar cell devices comprised a bulk heterojunction formed by the active material and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) in a standard device geometry. The use of H2(18)O in conjunction with time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry enabled mapping of the parts of the device that were induced by water. A comparison was made between the two active materials and between devices that were kept in the dark and devices that had been subjected to illumination under simulated sunlight. Devices that were exposed to ambient humidity were compared to devices exposed to saturated humidity. Finally, a comparison was made between results obtained using H2(18)O and earlier work involving 18O2. Water was found to have behavior similar to but not identical with molecular oxygen.
Reaction of Silica Gel with Trimethylsilyl Donors Using Conditions Useful for End-Capping HPLC Bonded Phase Packings (1988)

Abstract Several trimethylsilyl (TMS) donors including bis-N, O-trimethylsilylacetamide (BSA), bis-N, O-trimethylsilyltrifluoro-acetamide (BSTFA), hexamethyldisilane (HMDS), trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) with and without pyridine, 2-trimethylsiloxypent-2-en-A-one (TMSOP), trimethylsilyldimethylamine (TMSDMA), and trimethylsilylimidazole (TMSIM) were reacted with 60 Å silica. TMSIM at 60°C with reaction times of one hour or less gave coverage of silica gel equivalent to that provided by refluxing TMCS and pyridine in toluene for 67 hrs. Reactivity of the TMS donors studied may be ranked in the following order: TMSIM > TMSDMA > BSTFA > BSA > TMCS > TMSOP > HMDS. TMSIM appears to be the reagent of choice for end-capping of alkyl bonded HPLC phases.
Characterization of conductive anodic filament (CAF) by x-ray microtomography and by serial sectioning (1994)

X-ray microtomography is used to nondestructively section printed wiring boards in which conductive anodic filaments (CAFs) had grown, Quantification of the spatial distribution of copper is compared for microtomography and for serial sections obtained in SEM with backscattered electrons. The agreement between the techniques is excellent and indicates that microtomography may be used confidently to follow the subsurface growth of CAFs.