gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>New Solutions To The Depth Of Field Problem In Flight Simulation Image Pick-Up Devices</title> (1975)

In flight simulation visual systems in which an image is picked up by a CCTV camera probe from a model terrain, there is a well known problem in focusing on the model surface across the whole imaged area, particularly as the probe entrance pupil approaches close to the model. The problem will increase as we try both to improve the resolution of the CCTV camera and probe and to reduce the scale of the terrain model, so that conventional techniques of moving and tilting lenses within the probe optics will not be sufficiently powerful for some desirable probe systems. There is a closely-related problem in correction of optical aberrations of probe systems for a wide range of object conjugate distances. The problems are assessed in relation both to normal TV systems and to laser TV systems. A novel form of tilt-lens system is described.*
TableNet: An Approach for Determining Fine-grained Relations for Wikipedia Tables (2019)

We focus on the problem of interlinking Wikipedia tables with fine-grained table relations: equivalent and subPartOf. Such relations allow us to harness semantically related information by accessing related tables or facts therein. Determining the type of a relation is not trivial. Relations are dependent on the schemas, the cell-values, and the semantic overlap of the cell values in tables.
Inverse Polarization Raytracing: Estimating Surface Shapes of Transparent Objects (2005)

We propose a novel method for estimating the surface shapes of transparent objects by analyzing the polarization state of the light. Existing methods do not fully consider the reflection, refraction, and transmission of the light occurring inside a transparent object. We employ a polarization raytracing method to compute both the path of the light and its polarization state. Our proposed iterative computation method estimates the surface shape of the transparent object by minimizing the difference between the polarization data rendered by the polarization raytracing method and the polarization data obtained from a real object.
Hepatitis C: Part I. Routine serologic testing and diagnosis. (1999)

Hepatitis C, which is caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV), is a major public health problem in the United States. HCV is most efficiently transmitted through large or repeated percutaneous exposures to blood. Most patients with acute HCV infection develop persistent infection, and 70 percent of patients develop chronic hepatitis. HCV-associated chronic liver disease results in 8,000 to 10,000 deaths per year, and the annual costs of acute and chronic hepatitis C exceed $600 million. An estimated 3.9 million Americans are currently infected with HCV, but most of these persons are asymptomatic and do not know they are infected. To identify them, primary health care professionals should obtain a history of high-risk practices associated with the transmission of HCV and other bloodborne pathogens from all patients. Routine testing is currently recommended only in patients who are most likely to be infected with HCV.
Effect of extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields on growth rate and morphology of bacteria (2011)

This study shows that ELF-EMF induces a decrease in growth rate and morphological changes for both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
<i>De novo</i> design of biomimetic antimicrobial polymers (2002)

The design of polymers and oligomers that mimic the complex structures and remarkable biological properties of proteins is an important endeavor with both fundamental and practical implications. Recently, a number of nonnatural peptides with designed sequences have been elaborated to provide biologically active structures; in particular, facially amphiphilic peptides built from beta-amino acids have been shown to mimic both the structures as well as the biological function of natural antimicrobial peptides such as magainins and cecropins. However, these natural peptides as well as their beta-peptide analogues are expensive to prepare and difficult to produce on a large scale, limiting their potential use to certain pharmaceutical applications. We therefore have designed a series of facially amphiphilic arylamide polymers that capture the physical and biological properties of this class of antimicrobial peptides, but are easy to prepare from inexpensive monomers. The design process was aided by molecular calculations with density functional theory-computed torsional potentials. This new class of amphiphilic polymers may be applied in situations where inexpensive antimicrobial agents are required.
Dilation of Esophageal Strictures (1976)

Dilation of peptic esophageal strictures visually controlled by means of fiberoptic endoscopy was carried out in 16 patients. The dilation was performed by passing the woven silk bougies alongside the endoscope, so that the process could be observed in detail. The technique affords a better view of the procedure because of a wider visual angle and because the field of vision is not blocked by the bougie, as would be the case with the rigid endoscope. The size of the bougie employed is not limited by the size of the endoscope. All 16 patients, with and without subsequently undergoing Nissen fundoplication, were able to eat a normal diet after therapy.
2D<sup>1</sup>H and<sup>31</sup>P NMR Spectra and Distorted A-DNA-Like Duplex Structure of a Phosphorodithioate Oligonucleotide (1993)

Assignment of the 1H and 31P NMR spectra of a phosphorodithioate modified oligonucleotide decamer duplex, d(CGCTTpS2-AAGCG)2 (10-mer-S; a site of dithioate substitution is designated with the symbols pS2-), was achieved by two-dimensional homonuclear TOCSY, NOESY and 1H-31P Pure Absorption phase Constant time (PAC) heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy. In contrast to the parent palindromic decamer sequence (1) which has been shown to exist entirely in the duplex B-DNA conformation under comparable conditions (100 mM KCl), the dithiophosphate analogue forms a hairpin loop. However, the duplex form of the dithioate oligonucleotide can be stabilized at lower temperatures, higher salt and strand concentration. The solution structure of the decamer duplex was calculated by an iterative hybrid relaxation matrix method (MORASS) combined with 2D NOESY-distance restrained molecular dynamics. These backbone modified compounds, potentially attractive antisense oligonucleotide agents, are often assumed to possess similar structure as the parent nucleic acid complex. Importantly, the refined structure of the phosphorodithioate duplex shows a significant deviation from the parent unmodified, phosphoryl duplex. An overall bend and unwinding in the phosphorodithioate duplex is observed. The structural distortion of the phosphorodithioate duplex was confirmed by comparison of helicoidal parameters and groove dimensions. Especially, the helical twists of the phosphorodithioate decamer deviate significantly from the parent phosphoryl decamer. The minor groove width of phosphorodithioate duplex 10-mer-S varies between 8.4 and 13.3 A which is much wider than those of the parent phosphoryl decamer d(CGCTTAAGCG)2 (4.2 approximately 9.4 A). The larger minor groove width of 10-mer-S duplex contributes to the unwinding of the backbone and indicates that the duplex has an overall A-DNA-like conformation in the region surrounding the dithiophosphate modification.
Two New Isoflavones from Caragana Microphylla Lam (2001)

Caragana Microphylla lam. is a traditional Chinese folk medicine for promoting blood circle, treating hypertension and also can be used for the treatment of rheumatoid diseases1,but little is known about its chemical constituents except for several flavones. We have carried out a detailed chemical investigation of its stems and roots and have isolated tow new isoflavones
KBMS-based evolutionary prototyping of software systems (2002)

The development of a complex software system is a costly endeavor. Prototypes would not be "throw-aways" and much time and effort could be saved if a complex software system were developed by a series of refined and verified prototypes as the prototyper gains more and more knowledge about the functionality and performance requirements of the system being developed. To support such an evolutionary prototyping process, it is useful to have a powerful knowledge base management system (KBMS) to provide: (1) a powerful object model for modeling in a uniform manner, the structural and behavioral properties and constraints of software components that define the evolving prototypes and the data they manipulate, (2) a persistent knowledge base to maintain the models of these prototypes and the data related to design decisions, requirements, schedules, milestones, etc., and (3) a knowledge base programming language for querying and manipulating the persistent knowledge base, as well as for writing code. This paper presents a KBMS-based evolutionary prototyping methodology and an implemented KBMS that provides the above facilities.
Effects of Mutations in GrlA of Topoisomerase IV from <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> on Quinolone and Coumarin Activity (1998)

The grlA genes of Staphylococcus aureus ISP794 (wild type), MT5224c4 (grlA [Phe-80]), MT5224c2 (grlA [Pro-116]), and MT111 (grlA [Glu-116]) were cloned in pSK950, a shuttle vector, and introduced into S. aureus strains derived from strain RN4220. The mutations at position 116 of GrlA (Ala-->Pro or Glu) caused an increase in the level of fluoroquinolone resistance and a decrease in the level of coumarin susceptibility, whereas the mutation at position 80 (Ser-->Phe) caused only an increase in the level of fluoroquinolone resistance. In multicopy alleles, both types of mutations were codominant for fluoroquinolone resistance, and mutations at position 116 were also codominant for coumarin resistance.
Viral variant nucleotide sequences help expose leukocytic positioning in the JC virus pathway to the CNS (1999)

The human polyomavirus JCV lytically infects oligodendrocytes of immunosuppressed individuals leading to the fatal demyelinating disease termed progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML). Dementia, hemiparesis, and hemianopsia are the predominant presenting signs of PML. Asymptomatic JCV infection is common worldwide with approximately 80% of adults testing positive for JCV antibodies. In addition to the brain, JCV has been shown to infect tonsil, lymphoid, bone marrow, and kidney tissues. Viral variants, classified according to the nucleotide sequences of their regulatory regions, are being mapped in human tissues and cell types to help trace the pathway of JCV from a site of initial infection to target oligodendrocytes. In most literature, a dichotomy of the JCV regulatory region structure exists by tissue. B lymphocytes, however, have demonstrated the capacity to harbor JCV of diverse regulatory regions, which helps position their interaction with virus amid every stage of infection and implicates a lymphocytic role in latency.
MP-SPDZ: A Versatile Framework for Multi-Party Computation (2020)

Multi-Protocol SPDZ (MP-SPDZ) is a fork of SPDZ-2 (Keller et al., CCS '13), an implementation of the multi-party computation (MPC) protocol called SPDZ (Damgård et al., Crypto '12). MP-SPDZ extends SPDZ-2 to 30 MPC protocol variants, all of which can be used with the same high-level programming interface based on Python. This considerably simplifies comparing the cost of different protocols and security models. The protocols cover all commonly used security models (honest/dishonest majority and semi-honest/malicious corruption) as well as computation of binary and arithmetic circuits (the latter modulo primes and powers of two). The underlying primitives employed include secret sharing, oblivious transfer, homomorphic encryption, and garbled circuits. The breadth of implemented protocols coupled with an accessible high-level interface makes it suitable to benchmark the cost of computation in various security models for researchers both with and without a background in secure computation This paper aims to outline the variety of protocols implemented and the design choices made in the development of MP-SPDZ as well as the capabilities of the programming interface.
The Contribution of Altered Synapses in the Senile Plaque: An Electron Microscopic Study in Alzheimer's Dementia<sup>*</sup><sup>†</sup> (1967)

Recent ultrastructural studies of cerebral biopsies from patients with Alzheimer's presenile dementia have elucidated certain morphological features of neurofibrillary changes and of the senile plaque. Terry (1), Kidd (2), and Terry et al. (3) have described in detail the fine structure of the neurofibrillary change and of the senile plaque which they found to be composed of an extracellular core of fibrils, resembling amyloid, surrounded by cytoplasmic processes containing fibrils, multilamellar bodies, and mitochondria. Kidd has also observed dendritic, post-synaptic processes filled with abnormal neurofibrils (helices); Krigman et al(4) have noticed enlarged presynaptic endings containing dense bodies, while Luse and Smith (5) indicated that in the region of the senile plaque, the axon terminals are enlarged and contain “abnormally large and dense vesicles” and fibrils. These findings have been confirmed in the present study. In addition, changes in axons, pre-synaptic and post-synaptic endings, and dendrites, in or around senile plaques, not heretofore reported, have been noted. These findings may be significant in view of the proven role of synapses in establishing functional contacts between neurons and the suggested implication of synapses in learning and memory storage (6–9).
Emmons spot forcing for turbulent drag reduction (1985)

An Emmons spot-generation wind tunnel system has been designed to trigger closely spaced Emmons spots in the spanwise and longitudinal directions of an aerodynamic surface. For certain combinations of generator frequencies and amplitude, hole size, and hole spacing, experimental results indicate smaller turbulence scales and a reduction in skin friction of about 15 percent.
Left ventricular endocardial pacing improves the clinical efficacy in a non-responder to cardiac resynchronization therapy: role of acute haemodynamic testing (2010)

Recently, emphasis has been shifted from patient selection to more optimal pacing sites in non-responders to cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT). We present a patient who was a non-responder during both acute haemodynamic testing at implant as well as clinically thereafter. After first demonstrating acute haemodynamic improvement using LV d P /d tmax during a temporary left ventricular (LV) endocardial pacing setup, a permanent LV endocardial lead was transseptally implanted with substantial and persistent clinical improvement.
Real time gesture recognition using continuous time recurrent neural networks (2007)

This paper presents a new approach to the problem of gesture recognition in real time using inexpensive accelerometers. This approach is based on the idea of creating specialized signal predictors for each gesture class. These signal predictors forecast future acceleration values from current ones.
Distinguishing Latent from Active Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection Using Elispot Assays: Looking Beyond Interferon-gamma (2012)

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) is a global heath epidemic, its threat amplified by HIV infection and the emergence of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). Interferon (IFN)-gamma release assays (IGRAs) have improved the accuracy of detection of MTB exposure in some subject groups as compared to the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST). However, as IFN-gamma is produced by both fully rested and more recently activated populations of memory T cells, it is not surprising that the measurement of this cytokine alone cannot accurately distinguish Latent TB Infected (LTBI) subjects from those with active (infectious) disease. Accurate and rapid diagnosis of infectious individuals would allow medication to be properly allocated and other actions taken to more effectively curtail MTB spread. Analysis of multi-cytokine profiles ex vivo after stimulation of PBMCs from LTBI and active MTB subjects indicate the real possibility of successfully discerning these two disease states within 24 hours of a subject's blood draw. Due to the unparalleled sensitivity, low cost, and ease of use of Elispot assays, we propose that via a multiplex Elispot platform the accurate distinction of LTBI from active MTB-infected individuals is within reach.
Ensemble of SVM for Accurate Traffic Sign Detection and Recognition (2017)

Automatic traffic sign detection and recognition plays a very significant role in advance driver assistance system and intelligent transportation system. In this paper, approach for circular traffic sign detection and recognition is proposed. The entire performance of the proposed system is calculated on German Traffic Sign Detection Benchmark (GTSDB) and German Traffic Sign Recognition Benchmark (GTSRB) datasets. Traffic signs are detected on color images based on RGB color thresholding technique and further detecting circle using circular Hough Transform. In traffic sign recognition, features are extracted using Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) and strong components of the image are selected by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and classified using Ensemble of SVM as the size of the dataset is increasing day by day. Results obtained undergoes statistical test showing the better performance of the algorithm proposed.
Alternative aspirins as antisickling agents: acetyl-3,5-dibromosalicylic acid. (1977)

Acetyl-3,5-dibromosalicylic acid (dibromoaspirin) is shown to be a potent acylating agent of intracellular hemoglobin in vitro. Transfer of the actyl group of dibromoaspirin to amino groups of hemoglobins A and S seems to occur predominantly at just two or three sites on these proteins. This acetylation produces moderate increases in the oxygen affinities of normal and sickle erythrocytes. Furthermore, treatment of intracellular hemoglobin S with dibromoaspirin directly inhibits erythrocyte sickling. This antisickling effect is paralleled by an increase in the minimum gelling concentration of deoxy hemoglobin S extracted from sickle erythrocytes that had been exposed to low concentrations of dibromoaspirin. These observations suggest that dibromoaspirin might be an effective antisickling agent in vivo.
Integrated Placement and Skew Optimization for Rotary Clocking (2006)

The clock distribution network is a key component on any synchronous VLSI design. As technology moves into the nanometer era, innovative clocking techniques are required to solve the power dissipation and variability issues. Rotary clocking is a novel technique which employs unterminated rings formed by differential transmission lines to save power and reduce skew variability. Despite its appealing advantages, rotary clocking requires latch locations to match pre-designed clock skew on rotary clock rings. This requirement is a difficult chicken-and-egg problem which prevents its wide application. In this work, we proposed an integrated placement and skew scheduling methodology to break this hurdle, making rotary clocking compatible with practical design flows. A network flow based latch assignment algorithm and a cost-driven skew optimization algorithm are developed. Experiments show that our method can generate chip placements which satisfy the unique requirements of rotary clocks, without sacrificing design quality. By enabling concurrent clock network and placement design, our method can also be applied in other clocking methodologies as well
Removing shadows from images using color and near-infrared (2011)

Shadows often introduce errors in the performance of computer vision algorithms, such as object detection and tracking. This paper proposes a method to remove shadows from real images based on a probability shadow map. The probability shadow map identifies how much light is impinging on a surface. The lightness of shadowed regions in an image is increased and then the color of that part of the surface is corrected so that it matches the lit part of the surface. The result is compared with two other shadow removal frameworks. The advantage of our method is that after removal, the texture and all the details in the shadowed regions remain intact.
Left Atrial 4-Dimensional Flow Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2015)

Atrial 4-dimensional flow MRI detected changes in global and regional LA flow dynamics associated with AF, age, and LA volume. Longitudinal studies are needed to test the diagnostic value of LA flow metrics as potential risk factors for thromboembolic events.
Conjugate Additions of 1-Propenylphosphonates to Metalated Schöllkopf's Bis-lactim Ether:  Stereocontrolled Access to 2-Amino-3-methyl-4-phosphonobutanoic Acids (2000)

Diastereoselectivity in the conjugate addition of metalated Schöllkopf's bis-lactim ethers 5a-e to (E)- and (Z)-1-propenylphosphonates 4a,b was studied experimentally and theoretically and utilized to achieve a direct and stereocontrolled synthesis of all four diastereoisomers of 2-amino-3-methyl-4-phosphonobutanoic acid, 6a,b and their enantiomers. The relative stereochemistry was assigned from an NMR study of cyclic derivatives 13a,b. According to semiempirical calculations, both in vacuo (PM3) or a dielectric continuum (PM3/COSMO), initial lithium-phosphoryl coordination, without an energy barrier, to form a solvated chelate complex is followed by the rate-determining reorganization to the 1,4-addition product through an eight-membered transition state. The translation of the Z,E geometry into a syn, anti configuration at the adducts originates from an orientational preference in the transition state for a compact disposition of the reaction partners.
Embryonic stem cell-derived hematopoietic stem cells (2005)

Despite two decades of studies documenting the in vitro blood-forming potential of murine embryonic stem cells (ESCs), achieving stable long-term blood engraftment of ESC-derived hematopoietic stem cells in irradiated mice has proven difficult. We have exploited the Cdx-Hox pathway, a genetic program important for blood development, to enhance the differentiation of ESCs along the hematopoietic lineage. Using an embryonic stem cell line engineered with tetracycline-inducible Cdx4 , we demonstrate that ectopic Cdx4 expression promotes hematopoietic mesoderm specification, increases hematopoietic progenitor formation, and, together with HoxB4 , enhances multilineage hematopoietic engraftment of lethally irradiated adult mice. Clonal analysis of retroviral integration sites confirms a common stem cell origin of lymphoid and myeloid populations in engrafted primary and secondary mice. These data document the cardinal stem cell features of self-renewal and multilineage differentiation of ESC-derived hematopoietic stem cells.
Autoregulation of Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients Resuscitated From Cardiac Arrest (2001)

We conclude that in a majority of patients in the acute phase after cardiac arrest, cerebral autoregulation is either absent or right-shifted. These results indicate that MAP should be kept at a higher level than commonly accepted to secure cerebral perfusion. We recommend, however, that further randomized clinical trials are performed to determine whether sympathomimetic drugs improve neurological outcome.