gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>KT/V</i> and Protein Catabolic Rate Determination from Serial Urea Measurement in the Dialysate Effluent Stream (1992)

A bloodless technique of evaluating protein catabolic rate (PCR) and KT/V (K, clearance; T, dialysis time; V, urea distribution volume) in hemodialysis patients is presented based on serial measurement of urea in the dialysate effluent stream. PCR follows from equating urea generation and urea removal over a 7 day cycle, changes in body stores being comparatively negligible: PCR = 0.026 [U1 + U2 + U3]/BWdry + 0.17, where U1 is the amount of urea in mmol appearing in the dialysate for each session in the 7 day period. KT/V is obtained from the slope of the natural logarithm of spent dialysate urea concentration-time plot: KT/V = [- slope.T + 3.delta BW/BWdry]/[1 - 0.01786.T(hr], where delta BW = amount ultrafiltered in liters. The dialysate-based approach was validated and compared with conventional urea kinetic modeling (UKM) for 17 patients studied for three consecutive dialyses. The dialysate-based and UKM values of PCR agreed well when in vivo clearance values based on total dialysate collection were used for UKM. KT/V values agreed poorly on a session-by-session basis but were nearly equivalent when averaged for the three dialyses of the week. These findings lay the foundation for UKM automation with a urea sensor in the effluent dialysate stream.
[Mechanism of protective action of Phyllanthus urinaria L. against injuries of liver cells]. (1997)

It has been found out that the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced increase of serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (ALT) and elevation of MDA in liver of mice are significantly lowered by Phyllanthus urinaria in vivo, and the coincubation of isolated rat hepatocytes with Phyllanthus urinaria in vitro significantly inhibits CCl4-induced decrease of mobility of membrane of liver cells and increase of intracellular free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]i) concentrations of liver cells. These results suggest that the anti-lipid peroxidation effect and protective action of membrane of Phyllanthus urinaria may be related to its protective action against CCl4-induced liver injuries.
On the Origin of Ablation Hollows (Polygons) on Snow (1968)

Ablation polygons on snow have been examined, mainly in the Tatra Mountains, both by field observation and by experiment. The polygons are initiated under peculiar climatic conditions—mostly when the melting of snow is somewhat slow and is accompanied simultaneously by the metamorphism of snow. A thick snow cover appears to be a prerequisite of this process. A detailed analysis of the problem of dirt concentration in snow, due to ablation, reveals the major role played by adhesion in this process. The concentration of dirt is due to lateral movement of the material and this is intrinsically related to the micro-elements of the snow surface. The origin and development of ablation polygons do not depend on the presence of dirt in the snow; on the contrary, the process of dirt concentration and its effects are dependent on the evolution of polygonal forms.
Isolation of a <i>Salmonella</i>‐specific DNA hybridization probe (1991)

A Salmonella-specific DNA fragment of the Salmonella typhimurium LT2 chromosome has been isolated. The fragment (2.3 kilobases (kb)) was used as a probe in a colony hybridization assay, where 185 strains of 93 different Salmonella serovars were correctly identified as belonging to Salmonella. The specificity of the probe was evaluated in colony hybridization assays on pure cultures of non-Salmonella bacteria and on specimens with an indigenous flora. Sixty-three strains of 34 non-Salmonella Gram-negative species did not hybridize to the fragment. By DNA hybridization to faecal samples from calves, pigs and chickens, and samples of animal feed, three samples out of 10 positive by traditional culture methods gave negative results by hybridization, 45 samples were negative in both methods, while one sample was positive only in the hybridization assay. From this sample, Salmonella livingstone was isolated by a replica plate hybridization technique. The probe therefore proved 100% specific for the genus Salmonella. The 2.3 kb fragment may form the basis of hybridization assays for specific detection of Salmonella in food, environmental and clinical specimens.
EFFECT OF EQUOL ON OESTROGEN RECEPTORS AND ON SYNTHESIS OF DNA AND PROTEIN IN THE IMMATURE RAT UTERUS (1980)

In immature, 3-week-old female rats, 5 mg equol given by subcutaneous injection increased uterine wet weight 24 h later to the same degree as did 5 microgram oestradiol-17 beta. At this dose there was more receptor complex binding to the nucleus in the equol-injected rats than in the rats injected with oestradiol-17 beta even after 6 h. However, the equol-receptor complex that bound to the nucleus was more extractable with 0 x 3 M-KCl. In the equol-injected rats the duration of uterine growth was shorter and there was less receptor replenishment and synthesis of protein and DNA than in the rats injected with oestradiol-17 beta 30 h after either injection. It was concluded that equol is a weakly oestrogenic compound which is antagonistic to oestradiol-17 beta by competing with oestradiol-receptor complex for nuclear binding and yet fails to initiate the replenishment of oestrogen receptors effectively in the cytoplasm.
Natural Interferon-α Producing Cells: The Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells (2002)

NIPCs have had a long history of study, with the first observations of peripheral blood cells with IFN-producing capacity being made approximately 20 years ago. Over the past three years with the identification of NIPCs as plasmacytoid dendritic cells, an enormous amount has been learned about their function in both innate and adaptive immunity and their dysregulation in certain viral infections such as HIV infection and in autoimmunity. Further studies of their mechanisms of IFN-alpha induction, of their distribution and in vivo function are required. It is anticipated that a further understanding of the PDC will lead to the ability to specifically manipulate these cells in human disease.
Dependence of Columnar Structure on Film Thichness in Iron Film Evaporated at Oblique Incidence (1976)

The columnar structure in iron film is analyzed by the magnetic measurements. Irrespective of the stage of the formation of films, the columnar grains elongate toward the vapor beam direction and align densely along the perpendicular to the incidence plane, but at the initial stage the amount of the gaps between the columnar grains are considerably smaller than at the final stage.
Sequencing Degraded RNA Addressed by 3' Tag Counting (2014)

RNA sequencing has become widely used in gene expression profiling experiments. Prior to any RNA sequencing experiment the quality of the RNA must be measured to assess whether or not it can be used for further downstream analysis. The RNA integrity number (RIN) is a scale used to measure the quality of RNA that runs from 1 (completely degraded) to 10 (intact). Ideally, samples with high RIN (> 8) are used in RNA sequencing experiments. RNA, however, is a fragile molecule which is susceptible to degradation and obtaining high quality RNA is often hard, or even impossible when extracting RNA from certain clinical tissues. Thus, occasionally, working with low quality RNA is the only option the researcher has. Here we investigate the effects of RIN on RNA sequencing and suggest a computational method to handle data from samples with low quality RNA which also enables reanalysis of published datasets. Using RNA from a human cell line we generated and sequenced samples with varying RINs and illustrate what effect the RIN has on the basic procedure of RNA sequencing; both quality aspects and differential expression. We show that the RIN has systematic effects on gene coverage, false positives in differential expression and the quantification of duplicate reads. We introduce 3' tag counting (3TC) as a computational approach to reliably estimate differential expression for samples with low RIN. We show that using the 3TC method in differential expression analysis significantly reduces false positives when comparing samples with different RIN, while retaining reasonable sensitivity.
Phase I/II study of weekly paclitaxel with or without MLN8237 (alisertib), an investigational aurora A kinase inhibitor, in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer (OC), or breast cancer (BrC): Phase I results. (2012)

5021 Background: Preclinical data indicate that inhibiting aurora A kinase (AAK), a key mitotic regulator, in OC can enhance the activity of taxane-based chemotherapy. This is the first clinical study to evaluate the AAK inhibitor MLN8237 (A) in combination with paclitaxel (P). Methods: Eligible women (aged ≥18 y) had previously treated, metastatic or locally recurrent OC or BrC. OC pts had previously received a platinum and taxane, and had disease recurrence within 12 mo of discontinuing platinum. Pts received IV P (D1, 8, 15) with oral A (enteric coated tablet, 3 d on, 4 d off, wkly for 3 wks) in 28-d cycles. Doses were escalated in a 3+3 schema. Phase I endpoints were safety, response by RECIST and CA125, and pharmacokinetics (PK). Results: 28 pts were treated at doses of P80 mg/m 2 + A10 mg BID (n=5), P80+A20 (n=6), P60+A20 (n=4), P60+A30 (n=6), P60+A40 (n=4) and P60+A50 (n=3). 25 pts had OC (20 ovarian, 4 primary peritoneal, 1 mullerian) and 3 BrC. Median age was 59 y (range 37–72). Pts received a median of 2.5 (1–16) and 2.5 cycles (1–15) of A and P, respectively. 11 pts are ongoing. 3 pts had DLTs: Gr 4 diarrhea (P80+A20), Gr 3 stomatitis (P80+A20) and Gr 4 neutropenia for >7 d with fever (P60+A30). MTD has not yet been reached. 27 pts had ≥1 drug-related adverse event (AE); most common were neutropenia (n=18), anemia (n=13) and nausea (n=12). 21 pts had Gr ≥3 drug-related AEs; the most common was neutropenia (n=15). 5 pts had drug-related SAEs. No pts have died on study. Preliminary PK data (n=24) indicated fast absorption of A with a median T max of 3 hr. Geometric means of A AUC 0–12hr on D3 were 3740 nM*hr (CV: 22%), 7180 nM*hr (31%), 11,900 nM*hr (49%) and 15,100 nM*hr (72%) at 10, 20, 30 and 40 mg BID, respectively. A exposures increased approximately dose proportionally. Partial responses by RECIST (n=5) and/or CA125 (n=7) in 8 pts (29%; 7 OC, 1 BrC); 3 pts had stable disease ≥6 mo. Conclusions: Emerging data from this first combination study suggest that P+A is generally well tolerated and has antitumor activity in pts with OC/BrC. Dose-escalation is ongoing to determine the recommended phase II dose.
Skeletal muscle wasting in cachexia and sarcopenia: molecular pathophysiology and impact of exercise training (2010)

Skeletal muscle provides a fundamental basis for human function, enabling locomotion and respiration. Transmission of external stimuli to intracellular effector proteins via signalling pathways is a highly regulated and controlled process that determines muscle mass by balancing protein synthesis and protein degradation. An impaired balance between protein synthesis and breakdown leads to the development of specific myopathies. Sarcopenia and cachexia represent two distinct muscle wasting diseases characterized by inflammation and oxidative stress, where specific regulating molecules associated with wasting are either activated (e.g. members of the ubiquitin-proteasome system and myostatin) or repressed (e.g. insulin-like growth factor 1 and PGC-1α). At present, no therapeutic interventions are established to successfully treat muscle wasting in sarcopenia and cachexia. Exercise training, however, represents an intervention that can attenuate or even reverse the process of muscle wasting, by exerting anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative effects that are able to attenuate signalling pathways associated with protein degradation and activate molecules associated with protein synthesis. This review will therefore discuss the molecular mechanisms associated with the pathology of muscle wasting in both sarcopenia and cachexia, as well as highlighting the intracellular effects of exercise training in attenuating the debilitating loss of muscle mass in these specific conditions.
Fault Diagnosis and Tolerance of Dual Three-phase PMSM Drives (2018)

In order to improve the reliability of driving system, this paper investigates the fault diagnosis and tolerance of common faults in dual-three phase PMSM drives. A series of diagnostic and tolerant methods have been comprehensively proposed for three types of faults, namely current-sensor fault, open-phase fault and open-switch fault. A three-step method is designed to diagnose the three types of faults simultaneously. A vector space decomposition (VSD) based current estimation method is proposed to achieve fault-tolerant control of current-sensor fault. And both open-phase fault and open-switch fault are tolerated by using a voltage compensation based fault-tolerant control. The experimental results are given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.
Structural Characterization and Efficient Implementation Techniques for $A$-Stable High-Order Integration Methods (2011)

This paper presents structural characterization and performance enhancement strategies for the recently proposed <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">A</i> -stable and L-stable high-order integration methods based on the Obreshkov formula. It is demonstrated that although the Jacobian matrix in these methods has a bigger size than the Jacobian matrix in classical low-order methods, it enjoys a special structure that can be used to develop efficient factorization techniques. In addition, the paper proposes a method to reduce the number of Newton-Raphson iterations needed to converge in the large Jacobian domain.
<title>Permanent scatterers in SAR interferometry</title> (1999)

Differential SAR interferometry measurements provide a unique tool for low-cost, large-coverage surface deformations monitoring. Limitations are essentially due to temporal decorrelation and atmospheric inhomogeneities. Though temporal decorrelation and atmospheric disturbances strongly affect interferogram quality, reliable deformation measurements can be obtained in a multi-image framework on a small subset of image pixels, corresponding to stable areas. These points, hereafter called Permanent Scatterers, can be used as a `natural GPS network' to monitor terrain motion, analyzing the phase history of each one. In this paper, results obtained using 45 ERS SAR images gathered over the Italian town of Camaiore (within a time span of more than 6 years and a range of normal baseline of more than 2000 m) are presented. The area is of high geophysical interest because it is known to be unstable. A subterranean cavity collapsed in October 1995 causing the ruin of several houses in that location. Time series analysis of the phase values showed the presence of precursors three months before the collapse.
Influence of Charge on Cell Permeability and Tumor Imaging of GPR30-Targeted <sup>111</sup>In-Labeled Nonsteroidal Imaging Agents (2010)

Recent clinical studies implicate the role of G protein-coupled estrogen receptor, GPR30, in aggressive forms of breast, ovarian, and endometrial cancers. However, the functional role of GPR30 at cellular and molecular levels remains less clear and controversial, particularly its subcellular location. The primary objective of this study was to develop radiolabeled neutral and charged GPR30-targeted nonsteroidal analogues to understand the influence of ligand charge on cell binding, cellular permeability, and in vivo tumor imaging. Therefore, we developed a series of GPR30-targeted (111/113)In(III)-labeled analogues using macrocyclic and acyclic polyamino-polycarboxylate chelate designs that would render either a net negative or neutral charge. In vitro biological evaluations were performed to determine the role of negatively charged analogues on receptor binding and activation using calcium mobilization and phosphoinositide 3-kinase assays. In vivo evaluations were performed on GPR30-expressing human endometrial Hec50 tumor-bearing mice to characterize the biodistribution and potential application of GPR30-targeted imaging agents for translational research. In vitro functional assays revealed an effect of charge, such that only the neutral analogue activated GPR30-mediated rapid signaling pathways. These observations are consistent with expectations for initial rates of membrane permeability and suggest an intracellular rather than the cell surface location of functional receptor. In vivo studies revealed receptor-mediated uptake of the radiotracer in target organs and tumors; however, further structural modifications will be required for the development of future generations of GPR30-targeted imaging agents with enhanced metabolic properties and decreased nonspecific localization to the intestines.
Cell-surface transglutaminase promotes fibronectin assembly via interaction with the gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin (2001)

Assembly of fibronectin into a fibrillar matrix is critical for regulation of cell growth and migration, embryogenesis and wound healing. We have previously shown that cell-surface tissue transglutaminase serves as an integrin-binding adhesion coreceptor for fibronectin. Here we report that transglutaminase strongly promotes fibronectin assembly mediated by alpha5beta1 integrin. This effect is independent from transglutaminase-mediated enzymatic crosslinking of fibronectin and separate from the ability of transglutaminase to stimulate cell spreading. Surface transglutaminase increases the binding of fibronectin to cells via interaction with its gelatin-binding domain that contains modules I6II1,2I7-9 and lacks integrin-binding motifs. The gelatin-binding fragment of fibronectin binds to surface transglutaminase on cells in suspension but does not interact with cell monolayers where surface transglutaminase is occupied by fibronectin. Surface transglutaminase colocalizes with growing fibronectin fibrils at early timepoints of matrix formation and remains codistributed with fibronectin matrices thereafter. The observed stimulation of matrix assembly by transglutaminase is blocked by the gelatin-binding fragment of fibronectin, but is not strongly perturbed by its N-terminal fragment consisting of modules I1-5. These results implicate an interaction between transglutaminase and the gelatin-binding domain of fibronectin in matrix assembly and suggest its role in initiation of fibrillogenesis. However, blocking antibodies against alpha5beta1 integrin or the cell-binding fragment of fibronectin that contains modules III2-11 most strongly suppress matrix formation and abolish the effects of transglutaminase. Hence, transglutaminase cooperates with but can not substitute for alpha5beta1 integrin in fibronectin assembly. Treatment of fibroblasts with transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) significantly increases surface expression of transglutaminase and its association with beta1 integrins, but not with alphaVbeta3 integrin. TGFbeta enhances the binding of fibronectin to the cell surface and elevates matrix formation, whereas antibody against transglutaminase or the gelatin-binding fragment of fibronectin suppresses these effects, indicating an involvement of transglutaminase in TGFbeta-dependent fibronectin assembly. Therefore, TGFbeta-induced fibronectin matrix deposition during normal wound healing or fibrotic disorders may depend on upregulation of integrin-associated surface transglutaminase.
Boron-fluorine chemistry. III. Silicon-boron fluorides (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBoron-fluorine chemistry. III. Silicon-boron fluoridesR. W. Kirk and P. L. TimmsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1969, 91, 23, 6315–6318Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01051a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01051a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views306Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental study of nanofiber production through forcespinning (2013)

A newly developed method of producing nanofibers, called forcespinning, has proven to be a viable alternative to mass produce nanofibers. Unlike electrospinning, the most common method currently being employed (which draws fibers through the use of electrostatic force), forcespinning utilizes centrifugal forces which allow for a host of new materials to be processed into nanofibers (given that electric fields are not required) while also providing a significant increase in yield and ease of production. This work presents a detailed explanation of the fiber formation process. The study is conducted using high speed photography to capture the jet initiation process at the orifice and to track the trajectories of the resulting jets. The effects that influential controllable parameters have on the fiber trajectories and final fiber diameters are presented. The forcespinning controllable parameters include the spinneret angular velocity and aspect ratio, orifice radius and orientation, fluid viscoelasticity and surface tension, fluid fill level, solvent evaporation rate, temperature, and distance of spinneret orifice to collector.
A Simplifying Concept in Tumor Virology: Virus-specific "Pleiotropic Effectors" (1974)

Polyoma (Py) and simian virus 40 (SV40) exert a broad spectrum of biological effects in apparent contrast to the small molecular weight of their DNA (ca. 3 × 106 daltons). Polyoma induces different types of tumors in mice and related rodents, while SV40 induces subcutaneous tumors, leukemias and lymphomas in hamsters (Eddy 1964, 1969; Diamandopoulos 1973); both viruses can “transform” tissue culture cells; transformed cells contain integrated viral DNA, synthesize virus-specific RNA and T antigen, exhibit surface alterations (e.g., virus-specific transplantation antigens) and an increased potential for growth under various selective conditions; last but not least, infection of permissive cells leads to the production of progeny virus containing 6 or 7 structural polypeptides which, if specified by the viral genome, would require its entire coding capacity (for details, see Defendi 1966; Tooze 1973; Weil et al. 1974; Weil 1975).