gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Research on torque model based on pretreatment method for switched reluctance motor (2018)

Owing to high nonlinearity of the electromagnetic characteristic caused by double-salient structure and high magnetic saturation, it is hard to establish an accurate model using formulas for switched reluctance motor (SRM). This paper establishes a torque model based on good nonlinear mapping ability of BP neural network. And for further optimization, a third input variable reflecting the system nonlinear characteristics is added to establish a BP neural network for SRM using pretreatment method. Comparing to traditional torque model, the proposed model has a small-scale network structure and higher accuracy, which is propitious to achieve real-time online control for SRM driving system.
Mineralocorticoid activity of 16beta-hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone and related steroids. (1976)

16beta-Hydroxydehydroepiandrosterone (16beta-OH-DHEA) and related C19-steroids have recently been reported to be etiologic in low-renin essential hypertension. The mineralocorticoid potency of 16beta-OH-DHEA and several C19-steroids (16-oxo-A-diol, 16-oxo-testosterone, 16beta-OH-epiandrosterone, 5-androstene-3beta, 16beta,17beta-triol, 19beta-OH-testosterone, 18-OH-DHEA, and 16alpha-OH-DHEA) were investigated in two different rat bioassay systems under a variety of experimental conditions. In all but one instance, only negligible mineralocorticoid activity was observed, usually less than 0.1 per cent that of aldosterone. Since 16beta-OH-DHEA has negligible mineralocorticoid activity in the rat bioassay and the toad bladder assay (as reported by others), does not cause hypertension when injected chronically into the rat, and does not displace aldosterone from its renal receptors, it appears unlikely to be etiologic in low-renin essential hypertension. On the other hand, when 16-oxo-testosterone was injected intraperitoneally instead of subcutaneously, it demonstrated a slight increase in mineralocorticoid activity (from less than 0.1 per cent to 0.2 per cent) which equaled that of 18-hydroxydeoxycorticosterone (18-OH-DOC) injected subcutaneously. Thus, the possibility remains that 16-oxo-testosterone or a closely related metabolite may have sufficient mineralocorticoid activity to be involved in certain forms of hypertension in man.
Altered vitamin B12 metabolism in fibroblasts from a patient with megaloblastic anemia and homocystinuria due to a new defect in methionine biosynthesis. (1984)

Cultured fibroblasts from a recently described patient with homocystinuria and megaloblastic anemia of infancy without methylmalonic aciduria were previously shown to have normal cobalamin uptake and a specific decrease in the proportion of intracellular methylcobalamin. As in control cells but unlike in those from patients with combined homocystinuria and methylmalonic aciduria (cobalamin C and cobalamin D), accumulated 57Co-labeled cobalamin was bound in appropriate amounts and proportion to intracellular binders which are known to be the two vitamin B12-dependent enzymes, methionine synthetase and methylmalonyl-CoA mutase. Despite the association of a normal quantity of intracellular cobalamin with methionine synthetase, the proportion of intracellular cobalamin which was methyl-B12 was below normal and in the range observed in cobalamin C and D cells. This methyl-B12 was decreased by exposure of fibroblasts in culture to nitrous oxide as was observed with control cells. Exposure of control fibroblasts during culture, but not of fibroblasts from this patient, to nitrous oxide significantly reduced the holoenzyme activity of methionine synthetase assayed in cell extracts. In addition, although methionine synthetase activity in cell extracts of control and cells from the patient were similar in the presence of standard assay concentrations of thiols, at low thiol concentrations, methionine synthetase activity in extracts of cells from the patient was much lower than in control extracts. Mixing of control patient extracts corrected this decreased activity in excess of that explained by addition of the individual activities added. The defect of this patient appears to be in a reducing system required for methionine synthesis.
Mice vaccination with interleukin 12-transduced colon cancer cells potentiates rejection of syngeneic non-organ-related tumor cells. (2000)

Cell-based gene therapy after cytokine gene transfer is being investigated for autologous and allogeneic vaccination in cancer therapy. Here we show that mice vaccinated with 3-5 x 10(6) interleukin 12 (IL-12) gene-transduced CT26 colon cancer cells developed a long-lasting antitumor immune memory able to reject not only parental cells but also syngeneic, LM3 mammary, and MCE fibrosarcoma tumorigenic cells. In contrast, mice vaccinated with 0.5-1 x 10(6) CT26 cells transduced with pBabe neo IL-12 retrovirus cells (CT26-IL12) were only able to reject parental cells. An increase in the total circulating levels of IgG2a and a clear shift toward a systemic Th1 response developed, regardless of the amount of injected CT26-IL12 cells. On the contrary, a strong increase in anti-CT26-specific IgG2a levels was observed only when 3-5 x 10(6) CT26-IL12 cells were injected. Immunocompetent mice vaccinated with 3-5 x 10(6) CT26-IL12 cells developed local nodules for a few days, which then ceased growing. These nodules comprised mainly blood vessels, suggesting that an angiogenic process was taking place. CD8+ T cells were responsible for the anti-LM3 tumor cell memory, whereas CD4+ T cells were not involved. Splenocytes and lymphocytes obtained from mice immunized against CT26 cells were able to kill LM3 cells in vitro. Adoptive transfer of lymphocytes obtained from animals immunized against CT26 colon cancer cells suppressed LM3 mammary tumor growth in tumor-bearing mice. The present studies raised the possibility of isolating CTL clones and identifying CTL epitopes shared by different tumor cell types, which can be a target for cancer therapy.
A Construction for Perfect Periodic Autocorrelation Sequences (2012)

We introduce a construction for perfect periodic autocorrelation sequences over roots of unity. The sequences share similarities to the perfect periodic sequence constructions of Liu, Frank, and Milewski.
A coupled hydro-mechanical model for simulation of gas migration in host sedimentary rocks for nuclear waste repositories (2014)

In a deep geological repository (DGR) for nuclear wastes, several mechanisms such as waste form degradation and corrosion could lead to gas generation. The produced gas can potentially overpressurize the repository, alter the hydraulic and mechanical properties of the host rock and affect the long term containment function of the natural (host rock) and engineered barriers. Thus, the understanding of the gas migration within the host rock and engineered barriers and the associated potential impacts on their integrity is important for the safety assessment of a DGR. In this paper, a coupled hydro-mechanical model for predicting and simulating the gas migration in sedimentary host rock is presented. A detailed formulation coupling moisture (liquid water and water vapor) and gas transfer in a deformable porous medium is given. The model takes into account the damage-controlled fluid (gas, water) flow as well as the coupling of hydraulic and mechanical processes (e.g., stress, deformation). The model also considers the coupling of the diffusion coefficient with mechanical deformation as well as considers the modification of capillary pressure due to the variation of permeability and porosity. The prediction capability of the developed model is tested against laboratory scale and in situ experiments conducted on potential host sedimentary rocks for nuclear waste disposal. The model predictions are in good agreement with the experimental results. The numerical simulations of the laboratory and field gas injection tests provide a better understanding of the mechanisms of gas migration and the potential effects of excessive gas pressure on the host sedimentary rocks. This research work has allowed us to identify key features related to gas generation and migration that are considered important in the long term safety assessment of a DGR in sedimentary host formations.
Golden Eggs and Hyperbolic Discounting (1997)

Hyperbolic discount functions induce dynamically inconsistent preferences, implying a motive for consumers to constrain their own future choices. This paper analyzes the decisions of a hyperbolic consumer who has access to an imperfect commitment technology: an illiquid asset whose sale must be initiated one period before the sale proceeds are received. The model predicts that consumption tracks income, and the model explains why consumers have asset-specific marginal propensities to consume. The model suggests that financial innovation may have caused the ongoing decline in U. S. savings rates, since financial innovation increases liquidity, eliminating commitment opportunities. Finally, the model implies that financial market innovation may reduce welfare by providing “too much” liquidity.
Increased permeability of a glial blood-brain barrier during acute hyperosmotic stress (1986)

Brain volume is regulated during acute hypernatremia in the little skate, Raja erinacea, based on the gain of osmolytes, including sodium, chloride, and potassium [Cserr et al., Am. J. Physiol. 245 (Regulatory Integrative Comp. Physiol. 14): R853-R859, 1983]. In this study we show that this volume regulatory response is complete in 35 min and examine the mechanism of sodium influx across the blood-brain barrier over this period. Skates have a glial blood-brain barrier. Blood-to-brain transfer constants (K1) for 22Na and [14C]mannitol were measured using the integral technique of [Ohno et al.Am. J. Physiol. 235 (Heart Circ. Physiol. 4): H299-H307, 1978]. In skates injected intramuscularly with isotonic saline (controls) or with hypertonic NaCl or fructose, K1 for sodium increased linearly with osmolality. This increase was the same for hypernatremia and fructose-induced hypertonicity, and it was not affected by the "loop" diuretic bumetanide. K1 for mannitol also increased with osmolality. These results suggest that hypertonicity increases barrier permeability by a nonselective mechanism. The contribution of influx across the blood-brain barrier to tissue sodium gain during acute hypernatremia is assessed using a diffusional model of plasma-brain exchange.
Focused ion-beam milling of a submicrometer aperture for a hydrodynamic Josephson-effect experiment (1987)

We describe the technique used to manufacture a submicron aperture in a nickel microfoil used to look for the Josephson effect in superfluids. The size requirements for a superfluid weak link are briefly discussed. The micromachining is performed by means of a focused Ga ion beam. The ion probe is produced by a liquid-metal-ion source that is known to act as a near pointlike source. The source, optical lens, and deflection assembly are lumped as an attachment to a commercial scanning electron microscope. The obtained machining capabilities and scanning ion images are compatible with a probe size of 150–200 nm, a size that corresponds to our theoretical estimates.
Twins and Intergrowth Defects in High-T<sub>c</sub> Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductor Examined by High-Resolution Electron Microscopy (1988)

Twinned structure with twin plane (510) and with the composition plane (001) is observed in a high- T c Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O superconductor which is orthorhombic with a =0.54, b =2.7 and c =3.08 nm. Directions of “Bi-concentrated bands” in both twin individuals are perpendicular to each other. Local intergrowths of perovskite-related layers with 1.8 and 2.1 nm thickness are observed among the major layers of 1.5 nm. The material includes small amounts of crystal with c =3.6 nm, which may be responsible for the superconductivity at 105 K, as already suggested by Muromachi et al. (Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 27 (1988) L556).
Parity restoration in the highly truncated diagonalization approach: Application to the outer fission barrier of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msup><mml:mrow/><mml:mn>240</mml:mn></mml:msup></mml:math>Pu (2012)

The restoration of parity symmetry has been performed in the framework of the highly truncated diagonalization approach, which is suited to treat correlations in an explicitly particle-number-conserving microscopic approach. To do so we have assumed axial symmetry and used a generalized Wick's theorem attributable to L\"owdin in a projection-after-variation scheme. We have chosen the Skyrme SkM${}^{*}$ energy-density functional for the particle-hole channel and a density-independent $\ensuremath{\delta}$ force for the residual interaction. We have applied this approach in the region of the outer fission barrier of the ${}^{240}$Pu nucleus. As a result, we have shown that the ${K}^{\ensuremath{\pi}}={0}^{+}$ fission isomeric state is statically unstable against intrinsic parity-breaking modes, while the projection does not affect the energy at the top of the intrinsic outer fission barrier. Altogether, this leads to an increase of the height of the outer fission barrier, with respect to the fission isomeric state, by about 350 keV, thus affecting significantly the spontaneous-fission half-life of the considered fission isomer.
Effect of probiotic containing <i>Lactobacillus plantarum</i> on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, and fecal microbiota in weaning pigs (2019)

A total of 150 weaning pigs (7.53 ± 1.23 kg) were randomly assigned to three treatments consisting of basal diet, and the basal diet supplemented with 300 and 600 mg kg −1 of probiotics, respectively, in a 42 d trial. The incremental levels of probiotics linearly increased average daily gain during week 1 and through the overall experimental period (P < 0.05). The average daily feed intake, body weight, and the apparent total tract digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, and gross energy also increased (P < 0.05) with the increased level of probiotics. A significant reduction in Escherichia coli counts (P = 0.0037) and increase (P = 0.0016) in Lactobacillus counts were observed on day 42.
Improved age prediction from biometric data using multimodal configurations (2014)

The prediction of individual characteristics from biometric data which falls short of full identity prediction is nevertheless a valuable capability in many practical applications. This paper considers age prediction in two biometric modalities (iris and handwritten signature) and explores how different feature types and classification strategies can be used to overcome possible constraints in different data capture scenarios. Importantly, the paper also explores for the first time the use of multimodal combination of these two modalities in an age prediction task.
UV written waveguides using crosslinkable PMMA-based copolymers (2003)

Summary form only given. We report UV written waveguides using novel crosslinkable polymers. The polymers used in this study have a number of attractive features, it is possible to control both their refractive index and photosensitivity through the monomer feed ratios. Unlike PMMA, the copolymers can be either thermally or UV crosslinked. This makes the system highly suitable for UV direct writing of waveguides, but has necessitated a thorough study of crosslinking in this material. We report on the crosslinking studies and show with appropriate choice of conditions we can write low loss optical waveguides. We have prepared copolymers of hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) and methylmethacrylate (MMA) and have introduced crosslinkable sites onto the hydroxyethyl side chains to afford poly(methylmethacrylate/2-methacryloyl ethylmethacrylate) (P(MMA/MAOEMA)). Convincing evidence for distinct crosslinking mechanisms under thermal treatment and UV exposure is presented.
Separation of Peptides with Polyionic Nanosponges for MALDI-MS Analysis (2009)

A polymer brush consisting of 70% poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAM) and 30% polymethacrylic acid (PMAA) was synthesized from gold substrates with a "grafting from" AIBN-type free-radical initiator. Fractionation of two peptides, bradykinin and buccalin, was accomplished in less than 120 s by placing a 30 pM (pH approximately 6.2) droplet onto the polymer brush substrate. The eluant containing the anionic buccalin is pipetted away for MALDI analysis while the cationic bradykinin adsorbed to the swollen anionic brush and was subsequently released by adding a droplet of formic acid to the substrate. This caused the brush to collapse and release the bradykinin, much like squeezing a sponge; these nanosponge substrates exhibited very high loading capacity (>2.0 mg/mL) compared to plasma-polymer-modified MALDI substrates. Ellipsometric measurements showed that complementary peptides adsorb rapidly while those of the same charge do not, and MALDI-MS analysis of the two fractions showed separation of both peptides. The adsorption of bradykinin was monitored over time, and 85% of the peptide had been adsorbed to the nanosponge in 1 min from a 0.5 mg/mL aqueous solution.
Single-molecule electronics: from chemical design to functional devices (2014)

The use of single molecules in electronics represents the next limit of miniaturisation of electronic devices, which would enable us to continue the trend of aggressive downscaling of silicon-based electronic devices. More significantly, the fabrication, understanding and control of fully functional circuits at the single-molecule level could also open up the possibility of using molecules as devices with novel, not-foreseen functionalities beyond complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology (CMOS). This review aims at highlighting the chemical design and synthesis of single molecule devices as well as their electrical and structural characterization, including a historical overview and the developments during the last 5 years. We discuss experimental techniques for fabrication of single-molecule junctions, the potential application of single-molecule junctions as molecular switches, and general physical phenomena in single-molecule electronic devices.
Altered Coagulation in Cerebral Ischemia Platelet, Thrombin, and Plasmin Activity (1990)

We investigated hemostatic function in patients with cerebral ischemia by evaluating platelet activation, fibrin generation, and fibrinolysis. Plasma beta-thromboglobulin, an index of platelet activation, was significantly increased both acutely (14.9 +/- 9.2 ng/mL; n = 85) and approximately 2 months later (17.3 +/- 10.1 ng/mL; n = 57). Thrombin activity was measured using assays for fibrinopeptide A and fibrin D-dimer. Increased fibrinopeptide A was found in 9 (11.5%) of 78 patients acutely and 6 (10.7%) of 56 at follow-up; fibrin D-dimer levels were significantly increased acutely (166 +/- 188 ng/mL; n = 66) but not at follow-up. Fibrinolytic activity was measured using assays for fibrinopeptide B-beta 1-42 and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1. Fibrinopeptide B-beta 1-42 was significantly reduced acutely (6.3 +/- 2.2 pmol/mL; n = 35) and at follow-up (4.8 +/- 1.5 pmol/mL; n = 21). Plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 was normal acutely (20.1 +/- 12.0 ng/mL; n = 73) but increased at follow-up (27.8 +/- 20.1 ng/mL; n = 45). These results demonstrate that patients with cerebral ischemia have abnormal hemostatic function that is not explained by the acute phase reaction, and that components of the prethrombotic state are present in some of these patients.
Comparison of Psychologic and Cognitive Functions after General or Regional Anesthesia (1988)

The behavior of 105 patients randomly assigned to receive either general or regional anesthesia and who underwent one of three types of surgery (hysterectomy, prostatectomy, or joint replacement) was assessed before, immediately after, and 3 mo after surgery. Psychologic status was assessed by the Sickness Impact Profile, the SCL-90-R, and a Metamemory Questionnaire. Cognitive functioning was measured by a battery of ten psychomotor, memory, and skilled performance tasks. Physical health was scored by the ASA classification of physical status, a health index, postoperative complications ratings, and a self-rated measure of the patient's health. There were cognitive differences across surgery groups due to age and gender variability among the patients; however, the type of anesthesia produced no difference in behavior. Both the physical and mental health indices showed improvement from the preoperative to the postoperative periods. General anesthesia appears to pose no risk to mental function and recovery beyond that associated with regional anesthesia and surgery.
HCV cDNA transfection to HepG2 cells (1997)

The establishment of an in vitro system for hepatitis C virus (HCV) propagation is essential to characterize virus replication, virus persistence and viral pathogenicity. The aim was to establish HCV replication in HepG2 cells by gene transfer of infectious HCV cDNA. First, several gene transfer methods were evaluated that employed cationic liposomes (lipofectin, lipofectamine. DOTAP), DEAE-dextran and replication-deficient adenovirus for transfection to HepG2 cells using a lacZ reporter gene. Highest transfection efficiency (20%) of cultured HepG2 cells was obtained by the combined use of lipofectamine and adenovirus. This method was used for transfection of HepG2 cells with HCV cDNA in a mammalian expression plasmid (pRC/CMV). The success and efficacy of HCV transfection to HepG2 cells was evaluated by testing for the presence of genomic and replicative (negative) strands of HCV RNA by strand-specific reverse transcription (RT) followed by nested PCR. Expression of structural and non-structural proteins of hepatitis C virus was detected using polyclonal antibodies to core, NS3, NS4 and NS5. Positive-strand HCV RNA was detected by RT-PCR for over 6 weeks in the HCV cDNA-transfected HepG2 cells. Presence of HCV replication in these cells was confirmed by detecting HCV negative-strand RNA by strand-specific RT-PCR and was observed to continue for over 4 weeks. HCV proteins (core, NS3, NS4 and NS5) were detected in the cytoplasm of the transfected cells by immunostaining. In summary, these findings suggest that replication and translation of HCV were achieved for a prolonged time in HepG2 cells after transfection with HCV cDNA and may provide an in vitro system for HCV studies.
Regulation and Function of Autophagy during Cell Survival and Cell Death (2012)

Autophagy is an important catabolic process that delivers cytoplasmic material to the lysosome for degradation. Autophagy promotes cell survival by elimination of damaged organelles and proteins aggregates, as well as by facilitating bioenergetic homeostasis. Although autophagy has been considered a cell survival mechanism, recent studies have shown that autophagy can promote cell death. The core mechanisms that control autophagy are conserved between yeast and humans, but animals also possess genes that regulate autophagy that are not present in yeast. These regulatory differences may be explained by the need to control autophagy in a cell context-specific manner in multicellular animals, such as during cell survival and cell death. Autophagy was thought to be a bulk cytoplasmic degradation mechanism, but recent studies have shown that specific cargo is recruited for degradation. This suggests the possibility that either cell survival or death may be regulated by selective autophagic clearance of cytoplasmic material. Here we summarize the mechanisms that regulate autophagy and how they may contribute to cell survival and death.