gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Superoleophobic surfaces (2017)

Superoleophobicity is a phenomenon where the contact angles of various oil droplets with low surface tension on a solid surface are larger than 150°. In the past few years, there has been much growing interest in the design and application of superoleophobic surfaces. Such surfaces have great significance for both fundamental research and a variety of practical applications, including oil-repellent coatings, self-cleaning, oil/water separation, oil droplet manipulation, chemical shielding, anti-blocking, designing liquid microlens, oil capture, bioadhesion, guiding oil movement and floating on oil. Herein, we systematically summarize the recent developments of superoleophobic surfaces. This review focuses on the design, fabrication, characteristics, functions, and important applications of various superoleophobic surfaces. Although many significant advances have been achieved, superoleophobic surfaces are still in their "toddler stage" of development. The current challenges and future prospects of this fast-growing field of superoleophobicity are discussed.
Genomic islands of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> (2008)

Key to Pseudomonas aeruginosa's ability to thrive in a diversity of niches is the presence of numerous genomic islands that confer adaptive traits upon individual strains. We reasoned that P. aeruginosa strains capable of surviving in the harsh environments of multiple hosts would therefore represent rich sources of genomic islands. To this end, we identified a strain, PSE9, that was virulent in both animals and plants. Subtractive hybridization was used to compare the genome of PSE9 with the less virulent strain PAO1. Nine genomic islands were identified in PSE9 that were absent in PAO1; seven of these had not been described previously. One of these seven islands, designated P. aeruginosa genomic island (PAGI)-5, has already been shown to carry numerous interesting ORFs, including several required for virulence in mammals. Here we describe the remaining six genomic islands, PAGI-6, -7, -8, -9, -10, and -11, which include a prophage element and two Rhs elements.
Elevated levels of interleukin‐6 in cerebrospinal fluid from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and central nervous system invol vement (1990)

Paired serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) specimens from 14 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and central nervous system (CNS) involvement were studied for interleukin-6 (IL-6) activity using the IL-6-dependent murine hybridoma, MH60.BSF2. We also studied 23 patients with noninflammatory neurologic diseases, and 9 SLE patients without CNS involvement. CSF IL-6 activity was elevated only in SLE patients with CNS involvement, although there was no significant difference in serum IL-6 activity among the 3 groups. CSF IL-6 activity was not correlated with either the CSF-serum albumin quotient (Q albumin; an indicator of blood-brain barrier function) or serum IL-6 activity in SLE patients with CNS involvement. The CSF IL-6 activity decreased significantly when CNS manifestations subsided after successful treatment. These results indicate that determination of CSF IL-6 activity may be useful in the evaluation of CNS disease activity in SLE. Moreover, the data confirm the presence of immune system activation within the CNS in patients with SLE-associated CNS disease.
High Throughput Screening of Cell Mechanical Response Using a Stretchable 3D Cellular Microarray Platform (2020)

Cells in vivo are constantly subjected to multiple microenvironmental mechanical stimuli that regulate cell function. Although 2D cell responses to the mechanical stimulation have been established, these methods lack relevance as physiological cell microenvironments are in 3D. Moreover, the existing platforms developed for studying the cell responses to mechanical cues in 3D either offer low-throughput, involve complex fabrication, or do not allow combinatorial analysis of multiple cues. Considering this, a stretchable high-throughput (HT) 3D cell microarray platform is presented that can apply dynamic mechanical strain to cells encapsulated in arrayed 3D microgels. The platform uses inkjet-bioprinting technique for printing cell-laden gelatin methacrylate (GelMA) microgel array on an elastic composite substrate that is periodically stretched. The developed platform is highly biocompatible and transfers the applied strain from the stretched substrate to the cells. The HT analysis is conducted to analyze cell mechano-responses throughout the printed microgel array. Also, the combinatorial analysis of distinct cell behaviors is conducted for different GelMA microenvironmental stiffnesses in addition to the dynamic stretch. Considering its throughput and flexibility, the developed platform can readily be scaled up to introduce a wide range of microenvironmental cues and to screen the cell responses in a HT way.
Bisphosphonates induce osteoblasts to secrete an inhibitor of osteoclast-mediated resorption. (1996)

Current knowledge indicates that osteoblasts play an integral role in osteoclastic bone resorption through an osteoclast-stimulating activity produced by osteoblasts in response to resorption-promoting osteotropic factors. Previously, we have shown that the inhibitory action of the bisphosphonates on bone resorption in part is mediated by osteoblasts. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether the bisphosphonate-generated inhibition is due to these compounds decreasing the synthesis of the osteoclast-stimulating activity or is the result of osteoblasts synthesizing an osteoclast resorption inhibitor. Using the osteoblastic cell line CRP 10/30, which produces osteoclast- stimulating activity, constitutively and employing isolated rat osteoclasts cultured on ivory, evidence was obtained indicating that the bisphosphonates ibandronate and alendronate at a concentration of 10(-7) M induce osteoblasts to synthesize an osteoclast inhibitor that reduces pit formation by more than 50%. The inhibitor is heat and proteinase labile and has a molecular mass between 1-10 kDa. The reduction of resorption pits is paralleled by a decrease in tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-positive mono- and multinucleated cells, whereas the mean area resorbed per pit was not changed, suggesting that the inhibitor affects osteoclast formation and/or survival and probably not the osteoclast resorption activity. Rat preosteoblastic cells and rat dermal fibroblasts were found not to produce the inhibitor. In conclusion, osteoblasts aside from their role of mediating osteoclastic resorption promoters are also involved in inhibiting bone resorption through the synthesis of an osteoclast resorption inhibitor.
Studying Effects of Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation on Hearing and Auditory Scene Analysis (2016)

Recent studies have shown that perceptual detection of near-threshold auditory events may depend on the relative timing of the event and ongoing brain oscillations. Furthermore, transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS), a non-invasive and silent brain stimulation technique, can entrain cortical alpha oscillations and thereby provide some experimental control over their timing. The present research investigates the potential of delta/theta-tACS to modulate hearing and auditory scene analysis. Detection of near-threshold auditory stimuli, which are modulated at 4 Hz and presented at various moments (phase lags) during ongoing tACS (two synchronous 4-Hz alternating currents applied transcranially to the two cerebral hemispheres), is measured in silence or in a masker. Results indicate that performance fluctuates as a function of phase lag and these fluctuations can be explained best by a sinusoid at the tACS frequency. This suggests that tACS may amplify/attenuate sounds that are temporally coherent/anticoherent with tACS-entrained cortical oscillations.
Suramin prevents binding of interleukin 2 to its cell surface receptor: a possible mechanism for immunosuppression. (1990)

Suramin, a polysulfonic naphthalene antihelminthic drug, inhibits proliferation of a variety of T-cell lines in vitro and induces immunosuppression in some human patients and thymic atrophy and splenic depletion in mice. Recent clinical trials indicate that suramin has activity against human tumors, indicating that it will be necessary to understand the mechanism by which suramin induces immunosuppression. The T-cell growth factor, interleukin 2 (IL2), is the major growth factor involved in regulating lymphoid differentiation and proliferation and thus regulates, to a major degree, the magnitude and duration of the immune response. We demonstrate herein that suramin induces a concentration-dependent decrease in binding of 125I-labeled IL2 to its receptor complex on human and murine T-lymphocytes. Binding of 125I-labeled IL2 to both Mr 75,000 and 55,000 IL2 binding molecules was inhibited by suramin. Similar concentrations of suramin were required to inhibit binding of 125I-labeled IL2, IL2-induced tyrosine phosphorylation, and IL2-induced proliferation, suggesting that these processes may be linked. With murine cells, suramin-induced growth inhibition could be overcome completely by increasing the concentration of IL2, suggesting that suramin inhibited growth by competing for the IL2 receptor. With human cells, growth inhibition by suramin could only be partially overcome by increasing the concentration of IL2, suggesting that an additional growth-inhibiting mechanism is present. The ability of suramin to prevent binding of IL2 to its receptor was used to confirm that prolonged interaction of IL2 with its receptor is required to induce cell proliferation. Since IL2 plays a role in lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, the ability of suramin to inhibit binding of IL2 to its receptor may explain, in part, the in vivo immunosuppressive activities of suramin.
Facile preparation of (2R,3S)- and (2S,3R)-3-[[(4-bromobenzyl)oxy]methyl]oxirane-2-methanol via asymmetric epoxidation (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile preparation of (2R,3S)- and (2S,3R)-3-[[(4-bromobenzyl)oxy]methyl]oxirane-2-methanol via asymmetric epoxidationJ. Michael Chong and Susanna WongCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1987, 52, 12, 2596–2598Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00388a050https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00388a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views270Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ELECTRONIC EFFECT IN THE ELASTIC CONSTANT <i>C</i>′ OF SILICON (1963)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Norman G. Einspruch, P. Csavinszky; ELECTRONIC EFFECT IN THE ELASTIC CONSTANT C′ OF SILICON. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1 January 1963; 2 (1): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1753712 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Characterization of nutrient profiles from legume seeds (2014)

The overall goal of this research was to characterize components of legume seeds, and determine if specific seed components have potential functional properties for practical end-uses. The polymeric flavonoids proanthocyanidins (PA), also known as condensed tannins, accumulate in the seed coats of specific grain legume cultivars. In this study, the PA type found in pea seed coats (Pisum sativum L.) of ‘Solido’ was confirmed, and PA-enriched seed coat fractions and their flavan-3-ol subunits were investigated for antibacterial activity against food pathogens. Antimicrobial activity was influenced by the number of hydroxyl substitutions on the flavonoid aromatic B-ring. Our data suggest that at least part of the antimicrobial activity of flavan-3-ols and PAs involves their capacity to bind iron. Additionally, the fibre, protein and starch content of seeds from specific cultivars of the grain legumes pea (Pisum sativum L.), faba bean (Vicia faba L.), and lentil (Lens culinaris L.), were determined to further understand the health-beneficial effects of legume seed consumption in the diet. The amount and type of fibre in the legume seed coats is discussed with specific relevance to the potential to ameliorate symptoms of type 2 diabetes.
Fcast Scalable Multicast File Distribution: Caching and Parameters Optimizations (1999)

Reliable data multicast is problematic. ACK/NACK schemes do not scale to large audiences, and simple data replication wastes network bandwidth. Fcast, “file multicasting”, combines multicast with Forward Error Correction (FEC) to address both these problems. Like classic multicast, Fcast scales to large audiences, and like other FEC schemes, it uses bandwidth very efficiently. Some of the benefits of this combination were known previously, but Fcast contributes new caching methods that improve disk throughput, and new optimizations for small file transfers. Fcast is the first product based on this technology, to our knowledge. This paper describes Fcast’s design, implementation, and API.
Design-overlay interactions in metal double patterning (2009)

In double patterning lithography (DPL), overlay error between two patterning steps at the same layer translates into CD variability. Since CD uniformity budget is very tight, overlay control becomes a tough challenge for DPL. In this paper, we electrically evaluate overlay error for BEOL DPL with the goal of studying relative effects of different overlay sources and interactions of overlay control with design parameters. Experimental results show the following: (a) overlay electrical impact is not significant in case of positive-tone DPL (< 3.4% average capacitance variation) and should be the base for determining overlay budget requirement; (b) when considering congestion, overlay electrical impact reduces in positivetone DPL; (c) Design For Manufacturability (DFM) techniques like wire spreading can have a large effect on overlay electrical impact (20% increase of spacing can reduce capacitance variation by 22%); (d) translation overlay has the largest electrical impact compared to other overlay sources; and (e) overlay in y direction (x for horizontal metalization) has negligible electrical impact and, therefore, preferred routing direction should be taken into account for overlay sampling and alignment strategies.
On the Integration of Event-Based and Transaction-Based Architectures for Supply Chains (2017)

Affordable and reliable supply chain visibility is becoming increasingly important as the complexity of the network underlying supply chains is becoming orders of magnitudeshigher compared to a decade ago. Moreover, this increase in complexity is starting to reflect on the cost of goods and their availability to the consumers. This paper addresses two key issues in the distribution phase of the supply chain, namely, affordability and pseudo real-time visibility oftruckload activities. The proposed framework creates a digital thread that tracks the pseudo real-time status of the shipment making the physical distribution process completely transparent to the stakeholders. The architecture of the framework is based on a dynamic hybrid peer-to-peer network and a private/public blockchain data model that leverages emergent sensor technologies.
An open-loop clock deskewing circuit for high-speed synchronous DRAM (2003)

An open-loop clock deskewing circuit (CDC) for high-speed synchronous DRAM is described. Unlike the conventional circuits, the CDC does not require an additional measure delay line, thus power consumption is reduced. The delay is measured directly from the main delay line and both the input and output ports of the delay line are movable. The CDC provides a deskewed clock within two clock cycles.
Damage of T300 Carbon Fiber during Precursor Pyrolysis (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Thalamic projections from the whisker-sensitive regions of the spinal trigeminal complex in the rat (2000)

This study investigated the axonal projections of whisker-sensitive cells of the spinal trigeminal subnuclei (SP5) in rat oral, interpolar, and caudal divisions (SP5o, SP5i, and SP5c, respectively). The labeling of small groups of trigeminothalamic axons with biotinylated dextran amine disclosed the following classes of axons. 1) Few SP5o cells project to the thalamus: They innervate the caudal part of the posterior group (Po) and the region intercalated between the anterior pretectal and the medial geniculate nuclei. These fibers also branch profusely in the tectum. 2) Two types of ascending fibers arise from SP5i: Type I fibers are thick and distribute to the Po and to other regions of the midbrain, i.e., the prerubral field, the deep layers of the superior colliculus, the anterior pretectal nucleus, and the ventral part of the zona incerta. Type II fibers are thin; branch sparsely in the tectum; and form small-sized, bushy arbors in the ventral posterior medial nucleus (VPM). Accordingly, a statistical analysis of the distribution of antidromic invasion latencies of 96 SP5i cells to thalamic stimulation disclosed two populations of neurons: fast-conducting cells, which invaded at a mean latency of 1.23 +/- 0. 62 msec, and slow-conducting cells, which invaded at a mean latency of 2.97 +/- 0.62 msec. 3) The rostral part of SP5c contains cells with thalamic projections similar to that of type II SP5i neurons, whereas the caudal part did not label thalamic fibers in this study. A comparison of SP5i projections and PR5 projections in the VPM revealed that the former are restricted to ventral-lateral tier of the nucleus, whereas the latter terminate principally in the upper two tiers of the VPM. These results suggest a functional compartmentation of thalamic barreloids that is defined by the topographic distribution of PR5 and type II SP5i afferents.
Pulse-Loaded Ferroelectric Nanowire as an Alternating Current Source (2008)

The behavior of an uniaxially pulse-loaded ferroelectric nanowire is simulated using a Landau-Ginzburg type thermodynamic model. Our results show that under a load of suitable magnitude and frequency, an appropriately dimensioned ferroelectric nanowire can produce a sizable alternating current voltage, sufficient for applications as a nanopower source for energy harvesting, or as an effective nanomechanical sensor.
Possible Control of Maize Leaf Sucrose-Phosphate Synthase Activity by Light Modulation (1985)

Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity was measured in extracts of maize (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L. [Merr.]) leaves over a single day/night cycle. There was a 2- to 3-fold postillumination increase in extractable enzyme activity in maize leaves, whereas the activity of soybean SPS was only about 30% higher in extracts prepared from light- compared to dark-adapted leaves. Alterations in extractable maize leaf SPS activity correlated with light/dark transitions suggesting that the enzyme may be light modulated. Diurnal variations of extractable maize leaf SPS activity were also observed in a greenhouse experiment. A transition from high (light) to low (dark) extractable SPS activity occurred near the light compensation point for photosynthesis (about 20 micromole photons per square meter per second). Further increases in irradiance did not increase extractable SPS activity. Substrate affinities for uridine 5'-diphosphoglucose (Michaelis constant = 3.5 and 5.1 millimolar) and fructose-6 phosphate (half maximal concentration = 1.0 and 2.5 millimolar) were lower for partially purified SPS obtained from light compared to dark acclimated maize leaves. Light-induced changes in extractable SPS activity were stable for at least one column chromatography step. The above results indicate that light-induced changes in SPS activity may be important in controlling the photosynthetic production of sucrose.
Effects of human alpha, beta and gamma interferons on varicella zoster virus in vitro. (1994)

The antiviral effects of interferon (IFN) on varicella zoster virus (VZV) and herpes simplex virus (HSV) in vitro were examined. The values for the 50% inhibitory dose (ID50) of IFN-alpha, beta and gamma determined by plaque reduction assay, were 0.813, 0.650 and 13.750 IU/ml, respectively, against VZV and 18.00, 10.38 and 115.0 IU/ml, respectively, against HSV. Thus IFN-alpha and beta were more effective than IFN-gamma against both VZV and HSV and VZV was more sensitive than HSV to the IFNs. Five mutants of VZV which were resistant to acyclovir (ACV), phosphonoacetic acid (PAA) or bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) were also sensitive to IFN beta, their average ID50 being 1.31 IU/ml. Analysis of virus-specific proteins by the immunofluorescent technique with various antisera showed that IFN had a significant effect before early protein synthesis.
Porous Tantalum Oxide Prepared by Electrochemical Anodic Oxidation (2005)

It has recently been demonstrated [ I. Sieber , B. Kannan , and P. Schmuki , Electrochem. Solid-State Lett. , 8 , J10 (2005) ] that Ta can be porosified by anodic oxidation in diluted HF electrolytes. Pore morphology strongly depends on the HF concentration in the electrolyte and anodization time. In the present article, we investigate various factors that affected the process of self-assembled porous formation. The parameters studied are the HF concentration, the oxidation time, the anodization potential, and the potential scan rate. By optimizing the parameters, the porous tantalum oxide could be obtained that consists of highly regular pore arrays with single pore diameters of about 20 nm and pore spacing of about 15 nm. A steady-state porous film formation/film dissolution mechanism controls the time scale of the development of the porosity, the ordering effects, and the thickness of the formed oxide layer, which are similar to those operative for Ti and Nb.