gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Activation of CD40 in Cervical Carcinoma Cells Facilitates CTL Responses and Augments Chemotherapy-Induced Apoptosis (2005)

In this study, we describe the expression and function of CD40, a TNF receptor family member, in cervical carcinomas. CD40 was present at very low levels in normal cervical epithelium but was overexpressed in human papillomavirus-infected lesions and advanced squamous carcinomas of the cervix. The stimulation of CD40-positive cervical carcinoma cell lines with soluble CD40L (CD154) resulted in activation of the NF-kappaB and MAPK signaling pathways and up-regulation of cell surface markers and intracellular molecules associated with Ag processing and presentation. Concomitantly, the CD154-induced activation of CD40 in carcinoma cells was found to directly influence susceptibility to CTL-mediated killing. Thus, CD40 stimulation in cervical carcinoma cell lines expressing a TAP-dependent human papillomavirus 16 E6 Ag epitope resulted in their enhanced killing by specific CTLs. However, CD154 treatment of carcinoma cells expressing proteasome-dependent but TAP-independent Ags from the EBV-encoded BRLF1 and BMLF1 failed to increase tumor cell lysis by specific CTLs. Moreover, we demonstrate that chemotherapeutic agents that suppress protein synthesis and reverse the CD40-mediated dissociation of the translational repressor eukaryotic initiation factor 4E-binding protein from the initiation factor eukaryotic initiation factor 4E, such as 5-fluorouracil, etoposide, and quercetin, dramatically increase the susceptibility of cervical carcinoma cells to CD40L-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these observations demonstrate the functional expression of CD40 in epithelial tumors of the cervix and support the clinical exploitation of the CD40 pathway for the treatment of cervical cancer through its multiple effects on tumor cell growth, apoptosis, and immune recognition.
Intelligent network application for mobile-radio systems (2005)

The second generation system for digital mobile-radio telecommunications in Europe specified by GSM is comprised ofthe mobile-radio subsystem and the network subsystem. This clear cut partitioning of network functions is well suited to the Intelligent Network approach where in-service digital switches are used to interconnect fixed land networks to mobile networks and where specific mobile functions can be embedded in dedicated mobile network equipment Total separation between mobile and fixed telecommunication resources also has advantages regarding network evolution, since new network components can be tested individually before final integration with minimum effect on installed equipment. Mobile station roaming generates large amounts of signalling traffic without significant impact on switching. The Intelligent Network approach isolates such signalling from the normal telephone signalling traffic to process it separately. Moreover, the Intelligent Network ensures access not only to expanding public network services but also to oncoming ISDN data services up to 9.6 KW.
Passively transferred myasthenia gravis: protection of mouse endplates by Fab fragments from human myasthenic IgG. (1980)

Using the mouse passive transfer model, the effects of purified human myasthenic immunoglobulin G and of the monovalent Fab fragment on neuromuscular junctions were investigated. Treatment with IgG markedly reduced amplitudes of miniature endplate potentials. When Fab fragments were transferred alone or with subsequent addition of IgG no neuromuscular transmission block was induced. Myasthentic IgG and Fab were specifically demonstrated at the neuromuscular junctions by immunohistochemistry. On electronmicroscopy endplate structure was normal in transfer experiments using IgG for up to 30 days. It is suggested that Fab fragments bind to acetylcholine receptors without affecting transmission and protect them from the attack of complete IgG antibodies.
An Auditory Inspired Amplitude Modulation Filter Bank for Robust Feature Extraction in Automatic Speech Recognition (2015)

The human ability to classify acoustic sounds is still unmatched compared to recent methods in machine learning. Psychoacoustic and physiological studies indicate that the auditory system of mammals decomposes audio signals into their acoustic and modulation frequency components prior to further analysis. Since it is known that most linguistic information is coded in amplitude fluctuations, mimicking temporal processing strategies of the auditory system in automatic speech recognition (ASR) promises to increase recognition accuracies. We present an amplitude modulation filter bank (AMFB) that is used as a feature extraction scheme in ASR systems. The time-frequency resolution of the employed FIR filters, i.e., bandwidth and modulation frequency settings, are adopted from a psychophysically inspired model of Dau (1997) that was originally proposed to describe data from human psychoacoustics. Investigations on modulation phase indicate the need for preserving such information in amplitude modulation features. We show that the filter symmetry has an important impact on ASR performance. The proposed feature extraction scheme exhibits significant word error rate (WER) reductions using the Aurora-2, Aurora-4, and REVERB ASR tasks compared to other recent feature extraction methods, such as MFCC, FDLP, and PNCC features. Thereby, AMFB features reveal high robustness against additive noise, different transmission channel characteristics, and room reverberation. Using the Aurora-4 benchmark, for instance, an average WER of 12.33% with raw and 11.31% with bottleneck transformed features is attained, which constitutes a relative improvement of 19.6% and 29.2% over raw MFCC features, respectively.
Responsive web design (2011)

L'auteur explique comment concevoir un site Web pour anticiper et répondre aux besoins de l'utilisateur. Il explore les techniques CSS et les principes généraux de design Web afin de montrer qu'il est aujourd'hui possible d'offrir une expérience utilisateur de qualité, quelles que soient la taille, l'orientation et la résolution de l'écran qui affiche le site.
The role of presynaptic activity in monocular deprivation: Comparison of homosynaptic and heterosynaptic mechanisms (1999)

Although investigations in computational neuroscience have been extensive, the opportunity (that has made such a marked difference in physical sciences) to test detailed and subtle quantitative consequences of a theory against experimental results is rare. In this paper, we outline a testable consequence of two contrasting theories of synaptic plasticity applied to the disconnection in visual cortex of the closed eye in monocular deprivation. This disconnection is sometimes thought to be the consequence of a process that stems from a competition of inputs for a limited resource such as neurotrophin. Such a process leads to what we call spatial competition, or heterosynaptic synaptic modification. A contrasting view-exemplified by the Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) theory-is that patterns of input activity compete in the temporal domain. This temporal competition is homosynaptic and does not require a conserved resource. The two mechanisms, homosynaptic and heterosynaptic, are the distinguishing characteristics of two general classes of learning rules we explore by using a realistic environment composed of natural scenes. These alternative views lead to opposite dependence on the level of presynaptic activity of the rate of disconnection of the closed eye in monocular deprivation. This strong and testable consequence sets the stage for a critical distinguishing experiment. This experiment has been done and supports the second view. These results have important implications for the processes of learning and memory storage in neocortex.
Preparation of New Microgel Polymers and Their Application as Supports in Organic Synthesis (2002)

A series of soluble microgel polymers have been synthesized using solution-phase polymerization reactions. In a systematic manner, several variables such as monomer concentration, cross-linker content, reaction solvent and reaction time were examined, and this provided an optimal polymer with both solubility and precipitation characteristics suitable for synthetic applications. Thus, a chemically functionalized microgel polymer was synthesized, and the utility of this polymer in the synthesis of a small array of oxazole compounds has been demonstrated. The advantage of the microgel polymers produced was that they exhibited solution viscosities lower than those of conventional linear polymers even at higher concentrations, and this was found to be beneficial for their precipitation properties. Compounds prepared using the described microgel polymer supports were obtained in similar yields and purity when compared with insoluble resins, and more importantly, the soluble polymer bound intermediates could be analyzed at each step using standard NMR techniques.
An odomoeter for CPUs (2011)

You know when it's time to get a new car. Your odometer is far into six digits, perhaps the engine is burning lots of oil, or the transmission is growling. Fixing all that might well cost quite a bit more than your ancient vehicle is worth. But what about your microprocessor? Unlike automobiles, microprocessors don't have convenient little gauges that reflect how much wear and tear they've endured. And wear they do-though you'll probably never notice it. The degradation of their transistors over time leads slowly but surely to decreased switching speeds, and it can even result in outright circuit failures.
A color measurement and control system for paper-making processes (2002)

This paper describes a color measurement and control system designed to achieve the color uniformity for paper-making processes. The color control system utilizes online color measurements to control colorant additions to a paper making process. The article depicts a paper coloring process, on-line color measurement representations, a multivariable color-control scheme, and the implementation to manage color control for paper machines. The practical application results are also highlighted in the discussions.
Tabletop x-ray lasers and their applications (2003)

We report a review of the developments of the table-top soft X-ray lasers, which have been carried on in the last years utilizing different experimental techniques. A comparison between the performances of the different devices is illustrated.
Antifungal Activity, Mechanism and QSAR Studies on Chalcones (2009)

In this paper, the synthesis of 48 chalcones and their in vitro antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus NCIM 594, Fusarium proliferatum NCIM1105, Aspergillus niger NCIM 596 and Candida tropicalis NCIM 3556 are reported. Predominantly, the active compounds (6, 9, 14, 27, and 47) against all four fungi have found to have electron withdrawing substitutions in their para substitution in B-ring. Quantitative structure-activity relationship indicated that the antifungal activities are correlated with absorption distribution metabolism and excretion, electrophilicity, spatial and topological descriptors. The statistical measures such as r(2) (0.68-0.71), r(2)-adj (0.62-0.66), q(2) (0.60-0.61) and F-ratio (12-17) are reasonable. The data is divided into training and a test set, the former is used to develop the models, and the later is used to test their predictive capability. The predictions are found to be within the 99% confidence level except for two of the cases. SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and BacLight Live/Dead assay indicate that the chalcones act by disrupting the fungal cell wall.
Role of Mixing Energy in the Flocculation of Mature Fine Tailings (2011)

High-molecular-weight polymer flocculants are used for accelerated dewatering of mature fine tailings (MFTs) to reclaim the land occupied by containment ponds. Two anionic polymers were used to flocculate an MFT sample containing 98% by weight of fines smaller than 44 μm in diameter, with 85% of this fraction being clay minerals. The polymer solutions and polymer-treated MFT followed the Herschel-Bulkley and Bingham equations of state, respectively. The coupling of shear thinning and structural breakdown of the flocculated MFT gave rise to cavern formation during mixing. The mixing energy input for a series of MFT flocculation tests, in which other conditions were held constant, was proportional to the mixing time. The mixing tools used for the flocculation process were a Rushton turbine (RT), a pitched-blade turbine (PBT), a vane, and hydrofoil impellers. The flocculation outcome was evaluated on the basis of the amount of water released and the capillary suction test time (CST). The CST of the treated MFT was inversely proportional to its water release volume in settling columns. There was a clear peak in the rate of water release and a minimum in the CST as a function of mixing time, clearly showing that there is an optimal mixing energy that corresponds to the most rapid dewatering of flocculated MFT.
Static Analysis for Improved Modularity of Procedural Web Application Programming Interfaces (2020)

Despite their rapid growth, the utilisation of application programming interfaces (APIs) poses challenges for companies under pressure to yield productive systems integration. APIs of larger systems tend to be large, complex and have reduced modularity and quality, which makes them cumbersome to comprehend and use. These challenges can be addressed by static API analysis that focuses on studying API code itself and deriving business entities and dependencies from operational signatures. However, existing techniques for static analysis of APIs face the challenges in deriving a sufficient coverage of business entity relationship types from implementation-oriented API operational signatures carrying limited semantic insights. The paper aims to address such problems by supporting static analysis techniques for APIs that improve their modularity. Our approach adopts an object-oriented paradigm where the concept of “object” is exemplified by the notion of business entity. It systematically applies interface analysis methods and techniques for eliciting knowledge of business entities and their attributes, for deriving the temporal order of calling operations across multiple business entities, and for learning and extracting various ways of invoking a service via APIs. The approach is implemented as an open-source tool and applied to a group of widely-deployed services in practice for validation. The research contributes to identifying key aspects of both the structure and behaviour of APIs, which will lead to building a simplified but comprehensive interface (presentation) layer to assist service users in understanding complex and overloaded interfaces as well as to facilitate efficient and effective service integration.
Narrow track magnetic head fabricated by ion-etching method (1979)

Manufacturing narrow track magnetic heads is difficult as track widths become very narrow. A new flying-head manufacturing method is established by applying ion-etching. Optimum conditions for ion-etching of the ferrite material were determined. More than 10 μm ion-etched depth and even less than 5 μm track width were obtained. Through experimental and theoretical evaluation, it is proven that ion-etched heads have equivalent or better read/write characteristics than mechanically manufactured heads.
Establishment of a new human megakaryoblastic cell line, CMY, with chromosome 17p abnormalities. (1998)

A new megakaryoblastic cell line CMY was established from a Down's syndrome patient suffering from acute megakaryoblastic leukemia. The karyotypes of CMY showed deletion of chromosome 17 or the translocation of 17p, whereas the blasts of the patient did not reveal these abnormalities of chromosome 17 by conventional karyotype analysis. Blasts of the patient failed to respond to chemotherapy and complete remission could not be attained. The abnormalities of 17p became progressively predominant in the patient. These results suggest that the blasts of a minor clone which had the abnormalities of chromosome 17p might have existed in the patient from the beginning and CMY was established from the minor clone. Investigation of p53 gene by PCR-SSCP analysis revealed that blasts of the patient showed normal patterns, while CMY showed an abnormally migrating band in exon 5 alone. This result suggests that another novel oncogenic factor(s) besides p53 might be present on chromosome 17p and other tumor suppresser genes need to be studied.
CALIBRATION OF MARINE SEISMIC SOURCES USING A HYDROPHONE OF UNKNOWN SENSITIVITY* (1976)

A bstract The absolute amplitude of the pressure pulse radiated by a marine seismic source is one of the prime criteria used in evaluating its performance. A technique for this measurement is proposed which is applicable to all sources which radiate a bubble pulse. The technique is described with reference to an air‐gun array in which the pulse radiated from a single gun is compared with that radiated by the full array. The advantage of the method is that absolute values of pressure are obtained without any need for a calibrated hydrophone. In theory this may seem a trivial advantage but in practice sensitivity factors for the hydrophone channel cannot always be relied upon. The proposed technique is illustrated by an example.
High-level synthesis from VHDL with exact timing constraints (1992)

The authors present a solution to the interface timing problem in high-level synthesis by requiring that the algorithmic specification must completely determine the interface timing on the basis of cycles. They explain the timing problem and discuss the solution, which is closely related to a specific subset of the very high-speed IC description language (VHDL). This approach has been integrated into the high-level synthesis system CALLAS. An overview is given of the synthesis techniques of CALLAS. Controller reduction, which is the key transformation for satisfying the timing constraints, is discussed. The algorithms are formally described. The timing concept is compared to other approaches. Experimental results are provided. >
Voodoo dolls (1999)

The Voodoo Dolls technique is a two-handed interaction technique for manipulating objects at a distance in immersive virtual environments. This technique addresses some limitations of existing techniques: they do not provide a lightweight method of interacting with objects of widely varying sizes, and many limit the objects that can be selected and the manipulations possible after making a selection. With the Voodoo Dolls technique, the user dynamically creates dolls: transient, hand held copies of objects whose effects on the objects they represent are determined by the hand holding them. For simplicity, we assume a right-handed user in the following discussion. When a user holds a doll in his right hand and moves it relative to a doll in his left hand, the object represented by the doll in his right hand moves to the same position and orientation relative to the object represented by the doll in his left hand. The system scales the dolls so that the doll in the left hand is half a meter along its longest dimension and the other dolls maintain the same relative size; this allows the user to work seamlessly at multiple scales. The Voodoo Dolls technique also allows both visible and occluded objects to be selected, and provides a stationary frame of reference for working relative to moving objects.
Synthesis, Characterization and Biocompatibility Studies of Zinc oxide (ZnO) Nanorods for Biomedical Application (2010)

Nanoparticles are increasingly being recognized for their potential utility in biological applications including nanomedicine. Here, we have synthesized zinc oxide (ZnO) nanorods using zinc acetate and hexamethylenetetramine as precursors followed by characterizing using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The growth of synthesized zinc oxide nanorods was found to be very close to its hexagonal nature, which is confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The nanorod was grown perpendicular to the long-axis and grew along the [001] direction, which is the nature of ZnO growth. The morphology of synthesized ZnO nanorods from the individual crystalline nucleus was confirmed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The length of the nanorod was estimated to be around 21 nm in diameter and 50 nm in length. Our toxicology studies showed that synthesized ZnO nanorods exposure on hela cells has no significant induction of oxidative stress or cell death even in higher concentration (10 μg/ml). The results suggest that ZnO nanorods might be a safer nanomaterial for biological applications.
Overdiagnosis in Low-Dose Computed Tomography Screening for Lung Cancer (2014)

More than 18% of all lung cancers detected by LDCT in the NLST seem to be indolent, and overdiagnosis should be considered when describing the risks of LDCT screening for lung cancer.
Involvement of kappa opioid receptors in the formalin-induced inhibition of analgesic tolerance to morphine via suppression of conventional protein kinase C activation (2010)

These results indicate that KOR plays an important role in the inhibition of repeated morphine-induced cPKC up-regulation under chronic pain condition. Furthermore, this may result in the increase of MOR activity and in the inhibition of morphine tolerance under chronic pain condition.
Inhibition of <i>ex vivo</i> neutrophil activation by oral LY293111, a novel leukotriene B<sub>4</sub> receptor antagonist (1996)

1 The effects of orally administered LY293111 on ex vivo neutrophil Mac‐1 upregulation were determined in a total of 24 healthy male subjects within three study periods. 2 In the first period, eight volunteers received 60 mg LY293111 or placebo three times daily in 22 total doses over 8 days followed by a 1 week follow‐up. The average ex vivo Mac‐1 response of the LY293111 group was 56% of the pre‐dose control (95% confidence interval (CI) 44.3 to 67.9%; P <0.01). The inhibitory effect was maximum at the end of dosing and had disappeared by day 14. 3 In the second period, eight subjects received 120 mg LY293111 or placebo three times daily in 22 total doses over 8 days followed by a 1 week follow‐up. The average response of the LY293111 group was 70% of the pre‐dose control (95% CI 59.7 to 81.0%; P <0.01). The inhibitory effect was maximum the day following the initial dose and continued throughout the dosing period. 4 In the third period, eight subjects received 200 mg LY293111 or placebo twice daily in 15 total doses over 8 days followed by a 1 week follow‐up. Mac‐1 upregulation was 64% of pre‐dose levels (95% CI 53.8 to 75.1%; P <0.01) over the course of the study period. The inhibition had disappeared 2 days following the final dose. Alternate neutrophil stimulation by fMLP was not inhibited. 5 No statistically significant inhibition was observed for placebo‐treated subjects. 6 No statistically significant differences were apparent between the active dose regimens. 7 The results indicate that orally administered LY293111 is pharmacologically active in humans. Results from this study may be useful in determining dose selection for efficacy trials.
Thermodynamic study on the effects of .beta.-cyclodextrin inclusion with anilinonaphthalenesulfonates (1989)

Thermodynamic parameters and stoichiometries for the binding of anilinonaphthalenesulfonates to beta-cyclodextrin are obtained from steady-state fluorescence intensity and anisotropy measurements. Specifically, formation constant, enthalpy, and entropy values are obtained for complexes of beta-cyclodextrin with eight different substrate molecules at five different temperatures and six different pH values, and their associated errors are given. We propose an explanation of the relative magnitudes of the values obtained with regard to the geometry of the substrate and the importance of the various noncovalent interactions responsible for the complexation.