gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Implementation of a low-loss wide-band flat-topped beam-forming network based on butler martix (2015)

A low-loss wide-band flat-topped beam-forming network is designed and implemented. The flat-topped pattern can be formed expediently by superposing the beams of Butler matrix. In order to achieve the direct beam superposition, the additional phase shifts are derived based on Woodward-Lawson (W-L) method to ensure the central phases of beams are same. To reduce the loss of beam-forming network, the suspend stripline structure is adopted. Moreover, the wideband coupler, crossover and phase shifter are exploited and the network possesses the feature of wideband. Finally, the fabricated network based on 8×8 Butler matrix is connected with 8-element array and a 1:8 power divider. The measured patterns are fat-topped and similar in a wide band.
Lithium reaction mechanism and high rate capability of VS<sub>4</sub>–graphene nanocomposite as an anode material for lithium batteries (2014)

A graphene-attached VS<sub>4</sub> composite prepared by a simple hydrothermal method is studied in terms of its lithium reaction mechanism and high rate capability.
Role of metal-catalyzed oxidation reactions in the early pathogenesis of scleroderma (1997)

The observation that revelation of immunocryptic epitopes in self-antigens may initiate the autoimmune response has prompted the search for processes that induce novel autoantigen structure as potential initiators of autoimmunity. Recent studies have demonstrated that the autoantigens targeted in diffuse scleroderma are unified by their enrichment in nucleolini and by their susceptibility to fragmentation in a novel metal-dependent reaction that requires the generation of reactive oxygen species. Several other studies highlight the importance of reactive oxygen species as mediators of damage during ischemia-reperfusion and present evidence for increased generation of these radicals in patients with scleroderma. Together, these studies suggest a model for the pathogenesis of scleroderma in which metals and free radicals play a central, autoamplifying role.
Microelectrode coatings for neural stimulation and recording (2004)

The use of electro-active coatings at charge-injection and recording sites on microelectrodes for central nervous system prostheses is reviewed. Iridium oxide is the most extensively evaluated coating and its performance is compared with noble metals and other candidate coatings. Charge-injection mechanisms are contrasted and charge-injection limits for different electrode materials given. Even though, iridium oxide appears the most promising coating for neural applications, our knowledge of the stability of iridium oxide, particularly from in vivo assessments, is limited.
Removal of dynamic weather conditions based on variable time window (2013)

Dynamic weather conditions, which mainly include rain and snow, make prevailing algorithms for many applications of outdoor video analysis and computer vision lapse. To remove dynamic weather conditions, the authors propose a pixel‐wise framework combining a detection method with a removal approach. Dynamic weather conditions are detected by a strategy‐driven state transition, which integrates static initialisation using K ‐means clustering with dynamic maintenance of Gaussian mixture model. Moreover, a variable time window is presented for removal of rain and snow. Each component of the framework is addressed using detailed descriptions of corresponding algorithms. Experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of the method on detection and removal of dynamic weather conditions.
Wave and tidal current energy – A review of the current state of research beyond technology (2016)

The oceans of the earth offer vast amounts of renewable energy. Technologies to harness the power of the seas are at an early stage of development. Even the most advances technologies, namely tidal current and ocean wave still face considerable barriers and many obstacles remain. Research, development and innovation can help overcome those barriers. This review provides an overview over the current state of research in the field of ocean energy. In particular, the authors focus on research beyond technology or technological improvements. This article also highlights areas where research gaps exists and where future research efforts should be directed to.
In silico investigation of functional nsSNPs &ndash; an approach to rational drug design (2012)

Abstract: Nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms (nsSNPs) of genes are coding variants that introduce amino acid changes to proteins. Because nsSNPs have diverse effects on protein structure and function, these variants can have a large impact on human health. Likewise, polymorphisms in genes encoding drug targets directly affect target protein function, drug–target interaction, or both to produce profound effects on drug response. Pharmacogenomics provides insight into how polymorphisms can affect drug responses that vary from potentially fatal adverse drug reactions to equally severe lack of therapeutic efficacy. This review focuses on the effects of deleterious nsSNPs at both functional and structural protein level, as well as on protein–protein interactions. It also explains current methods by which to predict the functional impact of nsSNPs based on physicochemical amino acid properties, sequence information, and structural attributes. Additionally, the review details the recent advances in the field of in silico pharmacogenomics, which provide insight into disease phenotypes and individual susceptibility to disease. In the near future, this information will be used to predict the most appropriate treatment and individualized drug therapy. Finally, this article provides an overview of in silico approaches for the assessment and development of safe and efficient tailored drugs. Keywords: pharmacogenomics, nonsynonymous single-nucleotide polymorphisms, drug responses, drug-target protein, personalized medicine
"Learning by Teaching": A Peer-Teaching Model for Diversity Training in Medical School (2004)

Findings suggest peer teaching can be an effective model to refine knowledge, attitudes, and skills related to diversity issues in health care. The model may be a viable approach for diversity training in graduate and continuing medical education.
Perfect hashing functions (1977)

A refinement of hashing which allows retrieval of an item in a static table with a single probe is considered. Given a set I of identifiers, two methods are presented for building, in a mechanical way, perfect hashing functions, i.e. functions transforming the elements of I into unique addresses. The first method, the “quotient reduction” method, is shown to be complete in the sense that for every set I the smallest table in which the elements of I can be stored and from which they can be retrieved by using a perfect hashing function constructed by this method can be found. However, for nonuniformly distributed sets, this method can give rather sparse tables. The second method, the “remainder reduction” method, is not complete in the above sense, but it seems to give minimal (or almost minimal) tables for every kind of set. The two techniques are applicable directly to small sets. Some methods to extend these results to larger sets are also presented. A rough comparison with ordinary hashing is given which shows that this method can be used conveniently in several practical applications.
<title>How to communicate with zillions of robots</title> (1994)

This paper discusses some communications issues relevant to a system consisting of an arbitrarily large number of simple autonomous robots, from several different perspectives: (a) in the language of traditional communications systems analysis, (b) by analogy with biological systems, and (c) as a problem of intelligent control and data fusion. Emphasis is placed on support for the system development process: providing the developer with the ability to efficiently download software revisions and to determine the actual internal behavioral states of system elements while in operation. Also treated are the need to support coordination (or at least cooperation) between elements during system operation, and the process by which an external user can input commands to the system and to receive back from the system such information as system status, environmental characterization, and indications of mission progress. An approach to implementation of a low-cost testbed environment is also presented.
A Two-Row Interdigitating-Finger Repulsive-Torque Electrostatic Actuator and Its Application to Micromirror Vector Display (2015)

This paper presents a novel two-row interdigitating-finger repulsive-torque electrostatic actuator and its application to the micromirror vector display. The actuator consists of upper and lower rotation units and an output beam. Each unit has one row of rotation fingers, i.e., the lower and upper rotation fingers, which interdigitate with each other. The lower and upper rotation fingers are subject to different electric potentials. Each rotation finger and its underneath aligned fixed finger are subject to the same electric potential. The actuator generates repulsive torques to rotate the lower and upper fingers out-of-plane with the maximum rotation not limited either by the gap between fingers and the substrate nor by the pull-in effect. The output beam is connected to the lower row of rotation fingers, and therefore, the actuator has the same rotation as the lower unit. The actuator requires only two thin films and is suitable for surface micromachining. The model is established to verify the actuator and calculate its performance. Prototypes are fabricated and tested. The experimental results show that the actuator achieved a mechanical rotation of 11.5° at the static driving voltage of 150 V and a resonant frequency of 380 Hz with a sinusoidal driving voltage varying from 20 to 70 V. This paper demonstrates the application of the actuator in micromirror vector display. Four actuators are connected to the peripheries of a micromirror plate and independently controlled to drive the mirror plate to achieve quasi-static 2-D rotation. A laser beam is reflected and steered by the mirror plate to any desired direction to realize vector display. The prototype of the vector display micromirror is fabricated and tested. A vector display module integrating the micromirror, a laser, and a concave lens is built. Based on this module, an automotive head-up display system is developed, which is able to display the navigation map, speed, turning sign, and vehicle location on a translucent screen.
The use of novelty detection techniques for monitoring high-integrity plant (2003)

Total care schemes are now a common feature in the sales of power generation and propulsion plant. To mitigate risk of financial penalties and maximise profit, many suppliers will rely on health usage and condition monitoring techniques. Intelligent condition monitoring is a relatively new concept in this field and introduces prognostic capability. One key obstacle in this approach is the implementation of some form of rule-base that encapsulates possible fault conditions. The difficulty here is that a given fault scenario will not necessarily manifest itself in the same manner twice and will require complex rule-sets to describe possible variations in the development of the fault. In addition, due to the robustness of current high-integrity plant, example fault conditions are very rare and hence difficult to model using data driven approaches. Seeding faults during development is one approach often used, however, this can never be entirely representative of an in-service failure in addition to being a costly exercise. This paper describes the practical implementation of novelty detection schemes that aim to overcome the limitations described above.
IMPEDANCE MATCHING CAPABILITY OF NOVEL SOCKET CONTACTOR DESIGN USING VARIABLE OPEN STUBFOR RF PACKAGING TESTING (2011)

In this paper, we will propose a new structure for a socket contactor applied to the lead-frame test board. This structure contains a variable open stub to match the impedance of the package and the load board. Its electrical property is considered superior to a conventional spring probe's, especially when it is applied to a QFP device. We will present its equivalent model and discuss this in detail. Note that the transmission line model we use is at this point a substitute for a physical structure. First, its RLC model will be constructed after we demonstrate its simulation and test data. Finally, we will use the MonteCarlo Method to analyze length inaccuracies in manufacturing and observe how this new structure works.
Application of ISDN to Interconnect Heterogeneous Switched Networks (1986)

This paper proposes the use of the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) to provide a high level of interoperability between existing heterogeneous networks, such as the Defense Switched Network (DSN) and the Initial Voice Switched Network (IVSN). The ISDN approach is a viable solution to the interoperability problem because it will offer off-the-shelf standard packages and flexible interfaces; these will permit a variety of connectivity options between heterogeneous networks with minimum development, and the possibility of minimum cost and risk. Described here are several different alternatives that illustrate the feasibility of exploiting ISDN capabilities.
Untersuchung der Rolle des Aluminiumchlorides als Aktivator bei den Verdrängungsreaktionen an Aromatenchromkomplexen (1960)

Abstract Die Untersuchung der bei den Verdrängungsreaktionen beobachteten Zwischenprodukte ergab, daß diese nicht, wie erste Befunde vermuten ließen, Additionsverbindungen der Aromatenchrom(O)‐Komplexe mit Aluminiumchlorid, sondern regelrechte Reaktionsprodukte dieser beiden Komponenten — nämlich Gemische der entsprechenden Aromatenchrom(I)‐tetrachloroaluminate mit anscheinend elementarem Aluminium im durchschnittlichen Molverhältnis 3:1 — darstellten, welche auf den Verdrängungsmechanismus selbst keinen Einfluß hatten. Es stellte sich gleichzeitig heraus, daß Benzoldiphenyl‐ und Bisdiphenylchrom(O) Aluminiumchlorid zu reduzieren vermögen und dabei selbst zu den Aromatenchrom(I)‐Komplexen oxydiert werden. In diesem Zusammenhang wurden auch das Aluminiumbromid und ‐jodid auf ihr Verhalten gegenüber den Null‐Komplexen untersucht. Die dabei entstehenden Aromatenchrom(I)‐Komplexverbindungen entsprachen den obigen Tetrachloroaluminaten.
Direct growth of nanographene on glass and postdeposition size control (2011)

Nanograpehene with an in-plane crystal size of ∼15 nm was directly deposited on glass at 750 °C by thermal chemical deposition, without using any additional metallic catalyst. Annealing of nanographene film at 300 to 500 °C leads to an increase in the in-plane crystal size up to ∼23 nm, when the annealing is done in the presence of an adlayer of nickel, subsequently deposited on the graphene after the initial deposition. This study clearly shows that nanographene can be directly deposited on glass and the crystallite size is controllable.
A BN anthracene mimics the electronic structure of more highly conjugated systems (2019)

9a,9-BN anthracene was synthesized using a simple three-step sequence involving intramolecular electrophilic borylation of 2-benzylpyridines.
Benzo-2,1,3-thiadiazole-based, highly dichroic fluorescent dyes for fluorescent host–guest liquid crystal displays (2004)

The highly dichroic fluorescent dyes 4,7-bis(p-alkoxyphenyl)-, 4,7-bis(p-alkoxymethylphenyl)-, and 4,7-bis(p-alkoxycarbonylphenyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazoles have been synthesized and their dichroic properties evaluated. A solution of the former dye dispersed in the commercial liquid crystalline MLC-2039 host phase showed a dichroic ratio value for fluorescence up to 9.1.
Recent advances in the prevention of congenital heart disease (2006)

aDepartment of Pediatrics, University of South Florida College of Medicine, St Petersburg, Florida, USA bFood Science and Human Nutrition Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA Correspondence to James C. Huhta, MD, Professor of Pediatrics and Obstetrics, Daicoff-Andrews Chair in Perinatal Cardiology, University of South Florida College of Medicine, 140 7th Avenue South, Children's Research Institute 4007, St Petersburg, FL 33701, USA E-mail: [email protected]
A practical look at the sources of confusion in error matrix generation (1993)

The need for assessing the accuracy of spatial data derived from remote sensing techniques and used in geographic information system (GIS) analyses has been recognized as a critical component of many projects. The results of this assessment are typically represented by an error matrix presenting the overall accuracy, the accuracies of each category, and the omission and commission errors. This paper presents a discussion of the various sources of confusion that are represented within an error matrix. Ideally, the matrix is representative of only classification error. However, other factors can be significant and substantially lower the accuracy as represented by the matrix. An example is presented from mapping old growth forests on the Rogue River National Forest in Oregon.
Weighted arrays for modal isolation and active control of complex structures (2000)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2000.
China and Darwinian Evolution (2010)

China's rise as a powerful global power coincides with reassessment of Charles Darwin's legacy of evolutionary transformative thought on science and society. The reception of Darwinism is well characterized in the West, but how did China respond to this revolutionary lens for assessing humankind's place in the universe? This work traces the introduction of Darwinist thought into late nineteenth century China, assessing its influence on intellectual, social and revolutionary development through the end of the Chinese Republic era. Darwinian scientific and social thought infused a nation in turmoil. The corrupt, fading Manchu Dynasty engendered a crisis of national confidence with its humiliating loss during the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95. Social Darwinism took root against that backdrop, helping to catalyze revolution, establish the 1911 Republic, and even justify the Peoples Republic of China. This stimulating synthesis of Social Darwinism's clash with Confucian thought will appeal to Sinologists and science historians, as well as thoughtful political, economic and science observers who wish to understand the origins of modern China and the international reception of Darwin.
Ultrathin Layer-by-Layer Hydrogels with Incorporated Gold Nanorods as pH-Sensitive Optical Materials (2008)

We report ultrathin pH-responsive plasmonic membranes of [poly(methacrylic acid)-gold nanorods]20 (PMAA-Au NRs)20 with gold nanorods embedded into swollen cross-linked LbL hydrogels. In contrast to the most of known pH responsive materials which rely on pH-triggered change in the intensity of photoluminescence or plasmon bands, the responsive structures suggested here exhibit a significant pH-triggered shift in easily detectable, strong plasmon resonance band. We show that a pH-induced deswelling of the (PMAA-Au NRs)20 hydrogel film in the pH change from 8 to 5 causes a dramatic blue-shift of the longitudinal plasmon peak by 21 nm due to the increased side-by-side interactions of adjacent gold nanorods. These composite hydrogel multilayer films can be released from the substrates yielding free-floating and optically pH-responsive ultrathin hydrogel films which can be transferred to the appropriate solid substrates.
Direct Interaction of Adenosine with the TRPV1 Channel Protein (2004)

Vanilloid receptor 1 (TRPV1), a nonspecific cation channel expressed primarily in small sensory neurons, mediates inflammatory thermal pain sensation. The function and expression of TRPV1 are enhanced during inflammation and certain neuropathies, leading to sustained hyperalgesia. Activation of TRPV1 in the spinal cord and periphery promotes release of adenosine, which produces analgesia by activating A(1) and A(2A) adenosine receptor (AR) on central and peripheral neurons. This study provides evidence of a direct interaction of AR analogs with TRPV1. Adenosine analogs inhibit TRPV1-mediated Ca(2+) entry in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells stably expressing TRPV1 (HEK/TRPV1) and DRG neurons. This inhibition was independent of A(2A)AR activation. Specific binding of [(3)H]resiniferatoxin (RTX) in plasma membrane preparations was inhibited by CGS21680, an A(2A)AR agonist. Similar degrees of inhibition were observed with both agonists and antagonists of ARs. Adenosine analogs inhibited [(3)H]RTX binding to affinity-purified TRPV1, indicative of a direct interaction of these ligands with the receptor. Furthermore, specific capsaicin-sensitive binding of [(3)H]CGS21680 was observed in Xenopus oocyte membranes expressing TRPV1. Capsaicin-induced inward currents in DRG neurons were inhibited by adenosine and agonist and antagonist of A(2A)AR at nanomolar concentrations. Increasing the concentrations of capsaicin reversed the inhibitory response to capsaicin, suggesting a competitive inhibition at TRPV1. Finally, exposure of HEK/TRPV1 cells to capsaicin induced an approximately 2.4-fold increase in proapoptotic cells that was abolished by adenosine analogs. Together, these data suggest that adenosine could serve as an endogenous inhibitor of TRPV1 activity by directly interacting with the receptor protein.
Autologous Stem-Cell Transplantation Can Be Performed Safely Without the Use of Blood-Product Support (2004)

Autologous stem-cell transplantation can be performed safely without the use of any blood products.
Rotating Machine Fault Diagnostics Using Vibration and Acoustic Emission Sensors (2012)

Rotating machines are widely used in various industrial applications. Implementation of condition based maintenance for rotating machines is becoming necessary in order to prevent failure, increase availability, and decrease maintenance cost. Rotating machine fault detection and diagnostics is a critical component of condition based maintenance. In order for condition based maintenance to work for rotating machines, especially for new designs and materials, effective and advanced rotational machine fault detection and diagnostic methods and tools need to be developed. \n\nCurrently, vibration signal based techniques are the most widely used techniques in rotating machinery fault detection and diagnosis. However, the current vibration signal processing methods for rotating machine fault detection and diagnostics have their own limitations. Investigating and developing new advanced signal processing methods based vibration signal fault feature extraction methods and fault detection methods and tools is necessary. To do so, two advanced signal processing methods, empirical mode decomposition and interference cancellation algorithm has been investigated and developed in this dissertation. \n\nRecently, acoustic emission signal based methods are attracting researchers’ interests because acoustic emission signals have some advantages over the vibration signals. Unlike vibration signals, advanced signal processing techniques for extracting fault features from acoustic emission signals have not been well developed for rotating machine fault detection and diagnostics. Development of acoustic emission signal quantification methods and diagnostic methods and tools are in a great need. In this dissertation, acoustic emission signal quantification methodologies using Laplace wavelet and empirical mode decomposition have been developed. \n\nTo validate the effectiveness of the developed diagnostic methods and tools, seeded fault test data are needed. To obtain seeded fault test data, a split-torque type gearbox test rig has been designed and developed. The seeded fault experiments have been designed and conducted on both the split-torque gearbox test rig and the bearing run-to-failure test rig. The developed fault detection and diagnostic methods and tools have been validated using the seeded fault test data collected.