gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Interactions of human antibodies, epitope exposure, antibody binding and neutralization of primary isolate HIV-1 virions (2002)

Neutralizing epitopes are obscured on intact primary isolate virions and are dynamically exposed upon ligand (CD4) interactions. Interestingly, a non-neutralizing antibody to gp41 also increased binding and neutralizing activity of some hMAb that poorly neutralized R5 virus. These data suggest that non-neutralizing epitopes may be appropriate targets for vaccine design and epitope exposure should be considered in the development of immunotherapeutic strategies for HIV.
Preparation of<i>N</i>-(4,5-Dihydroimidazol-2-yl)azoles by Aliphatic Aldehyde Assisted Reactions of 2-Chloro-4,5-dihydroimidazole with Various Azoles (1990)

Reaction of hemiaminals, formed by reaction of various azoles with aliphatic aldehydes, with 2-chloro-4,5-dihydroimidazole gave the title compounds as their hydrochloride salts in good yield.
The applicability of evacuated serological tubes for the collection of breath for isotopic analysis of CO2 by isotope ratio mass spectrometry (1988)

Stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry was used for the analysis of 13C and 18O in CO2 of human breath collected in evacuated serological tubes (Vacutainer and Venoject) and in gas sample bottles. There was a 1-2% difference between the delta 13 CPDB values obtained from breath CO2 collected in gas bottles and that collected in two batches of Vacutainer. delta 18OPDB differed between Vacutainers and gas bottles by as much as 14% and standard deviations within the two batches of Vacutainer were 0.7 and 1.8%. The poor reproducibility and accuracy for the delta 18OPDB values was caused by the presence of a contaminant which originated from the rubber septa of the Vacutainers. The results show that it is not possible to obtain delta 18OPDB values with a high degree of accuracy or precision for breath samples collected in Vacutainers. However, with selection of less contaminated or re-evacuated batches, delta 13CPDB analysis of breath CO2 in Vacutainers may provide acceptable accuracy and precision. delta 13CPDB and delta 18OPDB values measured in breath collected in non-sterile Venoject tubes were also significantly different from those obtained with gas bottles. However, the accuracy and precision of these determinations were considerably better than in sterilized Vacutainer tubes. As a result of these comparisons it is concluded that gas bottles are necessary for the full accuracy and precision of stable isotope ratio analysis mass spectrometers to be exploited in breath CO2 analysis. However, automated analysis of breath CO2 collected in non-sterile Venoject tubes will provide an accuracy and precision that is suitable for most biological studies.
‘Magnetic bandages’ for targeted delivery of therapeutic agents (2006)

We investigate planar periodically magnetized structures for use in targeting or controlling the delivery of therapeutic agents attached to small magnetic particles, and derive simple analytic expressions for the relevant magnetostatic forces. We show that improved particle trapping or confinement characteristics are possible relative to those that can be obtained with more conventional (i.e. uniformly magnetized) structures. These improvements include forces that are larger at close range (for equivalent magnetization densities) and that are both unidirectional and uniform over arbitrarily large areas parallel to the magnet surface. Expressions for the magnetostatic forces exerted on point-like magnetic particles in the vicinity of long rods (with circular and ellipsoidal cross sections) uniformly magnetized perpendicular to their axes are summarized in an appendix.
Affinity purified anti-citrullinated protein/peptide antibodies target antigens expressed in the rheumatoid joint (2014)

We have isolated ACPAs from plasma and synovial fluid and demonstrated that the CCP2 peptides, frequently used in diagnostic ELISAs, de facto act as surrogate antigens for at least four different, well-characterized, largely non-cross-reactive, ACPA fine specificities. Moreover, we have determined the concentration and proportion of CCP2-reactive IgG molecules in rheumatoid plasma and synovial fluid, and we have shown that the purified ACPAs can be used to detect both in vitro- and in vivo-generated citrullinated epitopes by various techniques. We anticipate that these antibodies will provide us with new opportunities to investigate the potential pathogenic effects of human ACPAs.
Light-ion-irradiation-induced thermal spikes in nanoporous silica (2011)

Improving mechanical properties of low-density nanoporous solids has been a long standing challenge. Here, we study how alpha particle bombardment and thermal annealing can be used to improve mechanical properties of nanoporous silica aerogels analysed by depth-sensing nanoindentation. Data suggest that light-ion irradiation creates non-melting thermal spikes in unconstrained nanoligaments of the aerogel, resulting in improved ligament connectivity.
Neutral-Beam-Sustained Astron Reactor. (1976)

Abstract : The disclosure is directed to a method and device for containing a high temperature plasma and generating neutrons. A tritium plasma is confined in a closed magnetic field configuration produced by the combination of an externally applied magnetic field and the self magnetic field of a fast rotating deuterium ion layer and heated by coulomb collisions within the deuterium ion layer. The system is maintained at a steady state by the continuous injection of energetic neutral deuterium beams of energy from 50-300 keV. The neutral deuterium beam penetrates freely through the vacuum magnetic field and, upon ionization in the plasma region, forms an ion layer. The use of neutral beams to sustain a closed magnetic field configuration for plasma confinement and thereby achieve continuous operation is an important feature of the present invention. (Author)
1. Journey to the centre of the universe (2004)

Abstract ‘Journey to the centre of the universe’ provides a general introduction to particles, matter, and the universe. Atoms are composed of electrons orbiting a dense central nucleus. The space between these components is filled with electrical and magnetic fields, which give atoms solidity despite their vast gaps. The protons and neutrons in the nucleus are made up of two kinds of quark. Protons can be converted to neutrons (and vice versa), creating neutrinos. These elementary particles are acted upon by four forces — strong force, weak force, electromagnetic force, and gravity. Particle accelerators have provided insights into the creation of matter during the Big Bang, showing that other particles once existed.
Monte Carlo simulations: Hidden errors from ‘‘good’’ random number generators (1992)

The Wolff algorithm is now accepted as the best cluster-flipping Monte Carlo algorithm for beating ``critical slowing down.'' We show how this method can yield incorrect answers due to subtle correlations in ``high quality'' random number generators.
Small-Strain Modeling of Helical Dielectric Elastomer Actuators (2011)

The helical configuration represents one of the few currently available to implement contractile Dielectric Elastomer (DE) actuators. While experimental investigations have previously been reported, no model is currently available to assist design. This paper describes a simple analytical electromechanical model of helical DE actuators, applicable for relatively small strains (<;10%), consistently with the following assumptions: the effective electrostatic pressure exerted by the compliant electrodes was considered to be constant during actuation; the elastomer was assumed to behave like a linearly elastic body. According to these assumptions, the electromechanical model was derived by means of independent electrical and mechanical analyses, the latter being based on linear elasticity. To validate the model, theoretical predictions were compared with experimental data measured from a silicone-made prototype actuator. Pros and cons of the modeling approach in the small-strain range are discussed.
Somatostatin receptors on rat pancreatic acinar cells. Pharmacological and structural characterization and demonstration of down-regulation in streptozotocin diabetes. (1986)

The binding of somatostatin-14 (S-14) to rat pancreatic acinar cell membranes was characterized using [125I-Tyr11]S-14 as the radioligand. Maximum binding was observed at pH 7.4 and was Ca2+-dependent. Such Ca2+ dependence of S-14 receptor binding was not observed in other tissues. Scatchard analysis of the competitive inhibition by S-14 of [125I-Tyr11]S-14 binding revealed a single class of high affinity sites (Kd = 0.5 +/- 0.07 nM) with a binding capacity (Bmax) of 266 +/- 22 fmol/mg of protein. [D-Trp8]S-14 and structural analogs with halogenated Trp moiety exhibited 2-32-fold greater binding affinity than S-14, [D-F5-Trp8]S-14 being the most potent. [Tyr11]S-14 was equipotent with S-14. The affinity of somatostatin-28 for binding to these receptors was 50% of that of S-14. Cholecystokinin octapeptide (CCK-8) inhibited the binding of [125I-Tyr11]S-14, but its inhibition curve was not parallel to that of S-14. In the presence of 1 nM CCK-8, the Bmax of S-14 receptors was reduced to 150 +/- 17 fmol/mg of protein. Dibutyryl cyclic GMP, a CCK receptor antagonist, partially reversed the inhibitory action of CCK-8, suggesting that CCK receptors mediate the inhibition of S-14 receptor binding. GDP, GTP, and guanyl-5'-yl imidodiphosphate inhibit S-14 receptor binding in this tissue. The inhibition was shown to be due to decrease in binding capacity and not due to change in affinity. Specifically bound [125I-Tyr11]S-14 cross-linked to the S-14 receptors was found associated with three proteins of approximate Mr = 200,000, 80,000, and 70,000 which could be detected under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. Finally, pancreatic acinar cell S-14 receptors were shown to be down-regulated by persistent hypersomatostatinemia 1 week after streptozotocin-induced diabetes characterized by decreased Bmax (105 +/- 13 fmol/mg of protein) without any change in affinity. We conclude that pancreatic acinar cell membrane S-14 receptors require Ca2+ for maximal binding and thus differ from S-14 receptors in other tissues, S-14 receptors in this tissue also exhibit selective ligand specificities, these receptors are regulated by CCK-8 and guanine nucleotides, three receptor proteins of apparent Mr = 200,000, 80,000, and 70,000 specifically bind S-14, and (v) these receptors are regulated by S-14 in vivo as evidenced by decreased binding in streptozotocin diabetic rats characterized by hypersomatostatinemia.
Bi-phased regulation of the post-transcriptional inflammatory response by Tristetraprolin levels (2019)

AU-rich elements (AREs) are cis-acting instability and translation inhibition elements that are present in the 3'UTR of most inducible inflammatory mRNAs such as TNF and Cxcl2. mRNAs that contain AREs are, by default, repressed and only transiently expressed in response to stimuli. They are targeted by the inducible RNA-binding protein Tristetraprolin (TTP) which blocks their translation and facilitates their decay, thereby contributing to the quick termination of their expression. The exogenous over-expression of TTP in HEK293 cells can unexpectedly lead to the upregulation and extended expression of a nanoLuciferase reporter that contains the ARE of TNF. Here we show that, a moderate downregulation of the highly expressed endogenous TTP after LPS induction by siRNA in macrophages can lead to a reduction in the release of TNF and Cxcl2. We propose that, in contrast to their canonical function, very high levels of induced TTP at the onset of the inflammatory response can enhance the expression of ARE-mRNAs at the post-transcriptional level, independently of phosphorylation status. As the inflammatory response progresses, TTP levels diminish but they continuously regain their ability to reduce the expression of ARE-mRNAs to reach a turning point of 'optimal TTP level' with a maximum ability to repress ARE-mRNA expression. Below this level, a further reduction in TTP levels now leads to the loss of canonical-TTP function resulting in increased ARE-mRNA expression. These novel findings should contribute to the understanding of feedback loops that control the kinetics of the inflammatory response.
Antineoplastic effect of the pyrimido-pyrimidine derivative: RA 233. (1984)

A number of normal and neoplastic human cell lines in culture were studied by cell count and 3H thymidine incorporation for growth inhibitory effect by the pyrimido-pyrimidine derivative RA-233 (mopidamole). There was more inhibition when the drug was added to the culture in the lag phase than in the logarithmic growth phase. There was more inhibition (particularly at low doses) of the neoplastic cell lines than of the non-neoplastic cell lines.
Plasma Klotho concentration is associated with the presence, burden and progression of cerebral small vessel disease in patients with acute ischaemic stroke (2019)

Klotho is a soluble or membrane-bound anti-aging protein, whose protective actions are important for a prudential function of many organs. Because Klotho and cerebral small vessel disease (SVD) are associated with ageing process and endothelial dysfunction, it is possible that Klotho has an association with cerebral SVD. We aimed to investigate the association of plasma Klotho concentration with the presence, burden and progression of cerebral SVD. We prospectively enrolled 262 patients with first-ever acute cerebral infarction, performed brain MRI and collected their blood samples within 24 hours of admission. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used for evaluating plasma Klotho concentration. We estimated the total SVD score of each patient after determining the presence and burden of high-grade white matter hyperintensities (HWMHs), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), high-grade perivascular spaces (HPVSs) and asymptomatic lacunar infarctions (ALIs). Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to investigate association of Klotho with cerebral SVD and the total SVD score. Of the 262 patients, 152 (58.0%) were men. The mean age of these patients was 64.7 years. The mean ± standard deviation of plasma Klotho concentration was 329.8 ± 194.1 pg/mL. In multivariate analysis, plasma Klotho concentration was negatively associated with the presence of HWMHs [Odds ratio (OR): 0.13, p = 0.047], HPVSs (OR: 0.22, p = 0.024) and ALIs (OR: 0.53, p = 0.021) but not associated with the presence of CMBs (OR: 0.39, p = 0.404). Plasma Klotho concentration was also negatively related to the total SVD score (unstandardized coefficients beta: -0.895, standard error = 0.317, p = 0.005, R2 = 0.239). Furthermore, plasma Klotho concentration was negatively related to the presence (OR: 0.75, 95% CI: 0.59-0.96, p = 0.025) and severity of cerebral SVD progression (OR: 0.72, 95% CI: 0.56-0.92, p = 0.009). In conclusion, plasma Klotho concentration was negatively associated with the presence, burden and progression of cerebral SVD.
Ejército y población civil durante la Guerra de la Independencia: unas relaciones conflictivas (2003)

El articulo analiza las tensiones que durante la Guerra de la Independencia espanola existieron entre la poblacion civil y las fuerzas regulares e irregulares que se enfrentaron a los ejercitos napoleonicos. Las repetidas derrotas sufridas por el ejercito regular frente a los franceses redujeron el prestigio del ejercito ante la poblacion e hicieron mas dificiles de soportar las exigencias en dinero y hombres para este ejercito. Tambien el comportamiento de la guerrilla, a veces rayano en el bandolerismo, fue una fuente de fricciones y descontento entre la poblacion.
Modal analysis of parallel and crossed rectangular waveguide broadwall couplers with apertures of arbitrary shape (2002)

Parallel and crossed rectangular waveguide broadwall couplers with apertures of arbitrary shape and number are analyzed rigorously by the efficient and flexible boundary-contour/mode-matching (BCMM) method. The modal S-matrix combination technique takes adequately into account both the finite wall thickness and the higher order mode interaction between the discontinuities. Examples with circular, elliptical, and cross apertures demonstrate the flexibility of the design method. The theory is verified with measurements.
Positive Result by Serology Indicates Active <i>Helicobacter pylori</i> Infection in Patients with Atrophic Gastritis (1998)

Patients with atrophic corpus gastritis and elevated Helicobacter pylori antibody titers but 13C-urea breath test (13C-UBT) and histology results negative for H. pylori were randomized into eradication therapy or follow-up only. Antibody levels decreased significantly in six out of seven patients in the eradication group, while in the follow-up group, the titers declined in only one out of eight patients. In patients with atrophic corpus gastritis, positive serology results may indicate an ongoing infection in spite of negative 13C-UBT and histology results.
THE ACONITE ALKALOIDS. XXVII. THE STRUCTURE OF ATISINE (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTHE ACONITE ALKALOIDS. XXVII. THE STRUCTURE OF ATISINES. W. Pelletier and Walter A. JacobsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 17, 4496–4497Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01646a083https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01646a083research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views104Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Polymeric Conductors and Semiconductors (1972)

Abstract Polymeric conductors up to conductivities of about 10 2 – 10 3 ohm cm can be made either by copolymerizing monomers which contain tetracyanoquinolines with monomers which have pronounced salt character or by introducing metal atoms or ions into highly conjugated systems such as polyenes, polyynes or pyropolymers. Both ways are also successful in preparing semiconductors with room temperature conductivities around 10 −1 ohm cm and with activation energies of several millivolts.
UTILISATIONS ET POSSIBILITES DE LA PRESSE A CISAILLEMENT GIRATOIRE (1977)

L'AUTEUR DECRIT LA PRESSE ET LE PROCESSUS D'ESSAI PUIS EXPOSE LES RENSEIGNEMENTS QUI PEUVENT EN ETRE TIRES SUR LA COMPACTIBILITE ET L'EFFORT DE CISAILLEMENT. L'ESSAI EST ENSUITE APPLIQUE A UNE GRAVE-BITUME ET CONDUIT ENTRE AUTRES AUX CONCLUSIONS SUIVANTES : 1) L'INCORPORATION D'UN SABLE ROULE A GRANULARITE ETALEE NE CHANGE PAS LA COMPACITE FINALE MAIS AMELIORE NETTEMENT LA MISE EN PLACE ET LA COMPACTIBILITE ; 2) UNE DISCONTINUITE 2/6 MOYENNE APPORTE UN GAIN DE COMPACITE FINALE DE 2 A 3 % POUR UNE MEME ENERGIE DE COMPACTAGE ; 3) LE DOSAGE EN BITUME A UNE INFLUENCE PREDOMINANTE PAR RAPPORT A CELLE DES FINES. L'AUTEUR ABORDE ENSUITE LES ETUDES ENTREPRISES POUR LA MISE AU POINT DES ENROBES D'ENTRETIEN ET MONTRE COMMENT L'ETUDE DES COURBES DE COMPACTAGE PEUT SERVIR A UNE PREVISION DE LA SENSIBILITE A L'ORNIERAGE ET TERMINE PAR QUELQUES EXEMPLES ILLUSTRANT LES POSSIBILITES D'ETUDES OFFERTES PAR CE MATERIEL. (VOIR FICHE GENERALE NUMERO 107043).
976. Pyrimidines. Part II. The synthesis and some reactions of pyrimidine-5-aldehydes (1957)

R. Hull, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 4845 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570004845
Magnetic Hydrogels and Their Potential Biomedical Applications (2012)

Abstract Hydrogels find widespread applications in biomedical engineering due to their hydrated environment and tunable properties (e.g., mechanical, chemical, biocompatible) similar to the native extracellular matrix (ECM). However, challenges still exist regarding utilizing hydrogels in applications such as engineering 3D tissue constructs and active targeting in drug delivery, due to the lack of controllability, actuation, and quick‐response properties. Recently, magnetic hydrogels have emerged as a novel biocomposite for their active response properties and extended applications. In this review, the state‐of‐the‐art methods for magnetic hydrogel preparation are presented and their advantages and drawbacks in applications are discussed. The applications of magnetic hydrogels in biomedical engineering are also reviewed, including tissue engineering, drug delivery and release, enzyme immobilization, cancer therapy, and soft actuators. Concluding remarks and perspectives for the future development of magnetic hydrogels are addressed.
Abstract LB-143: ErbB2, EphrinB1, Src kinase and PTPN13 signaling complex regulates MAP kinase signaling in human cancers (2012)

Abstract Tyrosine kinases, like the ErbB and Src families, can mediate potent oncogenic growth and are successful therapeutic targets of human cancers. However, many cancer cells overcome or successfully modulate these downstream signaling cascades in the absence of growth factor or kinase over-expression. We have previously identified a cellular phosphatase, PTPN13 that significantly modulates mitogenic signaling and can function as tumor suppressors. Decreased PTPN13 expression enhances ErbB2-mediated MAP Kinase activation, and is also associated with decreased survival in breast cancer. Here we show that PTPN13 regulates a signaling complex consisting of ErbB2, Src, and EphrinB1. To our knowledge, this signaling complex has not been previously described. Co-immunoprecipitation, proximity ligation assay and immunofluoroscence studies demonstrate that EphrinB1, a PTPN13 substrate, interacts with ErbB2. In addition, the oncogenic V660E ErbB2 mutation enhances this interaction, while Src kinase mediates EphrinB1 phosphorylation and subsequent MAP Kinase signaling. Decreased PTPN13 function further potentiates these changes. The association of oncogene kinases (ErbB2, Src), a signaling transmembrane ligand (EphrinB1) and a phosphatase tumor suppressor (PTPN13) suggest that EphrinB1 may be a relevant therapeutic target in cancers harboring ErbB2-activating mutations and decreased PTPN13 expression. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-143. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-LB-143
Development and application of a novel screening method and experimental use of the mutant bacterial strain Clostridium beijerinckii NCIMB 8052 for production of butanol via fermentation of fresh cassava (2015)

Classic chemical mutagenesis has a demonstrated potential to create a strain of<italic>Clostridium</italic>with improved fermentation performance for obtaining high butanol yield.