gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Simple and Rapid Determination of Trace Bromate by Flow Injection Analysis with Novel Spectrophotometric Detection System (2007)

飲料水中の極微量臭素酸イオンを定量するための新規な吸光検出反応とそれを用いたフローインジェクション（FI）システムを開発した．弱酸性溶液中（0.1 M H2SO4）で臭素酸イオンによるV(IV) の酸化と生成したV(V) のNitro-PAPS｛2-(5-Nitro-2-pyridylazo)-5-[N -n -propyl-N -(3-sulfopropyl)amino]phenol｝錯体の生成，及び592 nmにおける吸光度測定が流れシステム中で行われる．反応とマニフォールドに関係する諸因子について詳細に検討し，最適な反応条件及びマニフォールドの配置を設定した．2 mのサンプルループを用いた場合，0～0.05 ppmの範囲で直線性の良い検量線が得られ（相関係数0.999），1回の分析時間は約4分と迅速である．0.01 ppm BrO3−を繰り返し注入した場合の変動係数は0.6%（n = 3），検出下限（3 σ）は0.0004 ppmであった．本FIシステムに0.05 M NaClを溶離液とする陰イオン交換分離を容易にインライン直結することができ，検出感度及び選択性の向上を図ることができた．3 mのサンプルループでの検出下限（3 σ）は0.0002 ppmで，0.01 ppm BrO3−の繰り返し注入の変動係数が1.4%（n = 3）と再現性は良好であった．分析時間は約9分と迅速である．本FIシステムにより3都市の水道水及び瓶詰め飲料水に標準の臭素酸イオンを添加して分析した場合の回収率は96～104% と良好な結果であった．
Optimal Power Control over Fading Cognitive Radio Channels by Exploiting Primary User CSI (2008)

This paper is concerned with spectrum sharing cognitive radio networks, where a secondary user (SU) or cognitive radio link communicates simultaneously over the same frequency band with an existing primary user (PU) link. It is assumed that the SU transmitter has the perfect channel state information (CSI) on the fading channels from SU transmitter to both PU and SU receivers (as usually assumed in the literature), as well as the fading channel from PU transmitter to PU receiver (a new assumption). With the additional PU CSI, we study the optimal power control for the SU over different fading states to maximize the SU ergodic capacity subject to a new proposed constraint to protect the PU transmission, which limits the maximum ergodic capacity loss of the PU resulted from the SU transmission. It is shown that the proposed SU power-control policy is superior over the conventional policy under the constraint on the maximum tolerable interference power/interperferecne temperature at the PU receiver, in terms of the achievable ergodic capacities of both PU and SU.
Methodology for design of optimum NOC based on IPG (2017)

High performance embedded applications are developed using system-on-chips (SoCs) which in turn include silicon intensive, integrated application processors. These SoCs integrate multi-core processor (i.e., ARM Cortex9 or A15) with variety of memory interface controllers, communication interface controllers and special purpose accelerators. Traditionally bus matrix is used for integrating these intellectual properties - cores (IPs). Bus based architectures are not scalable and consume more area and power, which has fueled design of network on chip (NOC). A customized NOC is further more efficient. In this paper, a methodology for customized NOC architecture is introduced considering various aspects of NOC as well as the SoC. Policies for optimizing Bandwidth requirement, size of the IP (area or gate count), lP location for optimum path lengths are discussed. Policies in turn form methodology for optimum NOC. As IPs in SOC increase in numbers, NOC for interconnecting every IP may result in over networking. Sometimes, performance of router is under utilized. On the other hand, for closely coupled IPs direct port to port connections are suitable than NOC as they communicate heavily. IPs which talk one at a time are grouped together and common local bus architecture is suitable for them. Outside group they talk through NOC. Or routers with less number of ports gives better results. Proper grouping and layout will reduce complexity. Here I am proposing a methodology for handcrafting NOC among intellectual property core groups (IPGs), inside and outside of the groups. Final outcome is, reduced number of routers required and optimized physical design of SoC.
Parameterized models for a RF chip-to-substrate interconnect (2001)

Skyrocketing growth in the cellular personal communications services (PCS) sector has fueled the needs for higher density, more functionality, and greater performance on both handset and base stations. Third generation wireless standards, which require hardware upgrades, loom on the horizon. RF component suppliers are scrambling to find solutions at the IC, package, and PCB levels to meet these challenges. RF module packaging is considered as one of the low cost solutions for the future wireless products. One of the critical design needs for RF interconnects is to understand the electrical performance of wire bond (the RF interconnect of choice) at and above frequency of interest, and to determine the performance limit for the wire bond chip-to-substrate interconnect. The availability of design kit or library would result in a substantial reduction in design cycle times. Using wire bond as example, this paper illustrates the developmental stages that turn electromagnetic characteristics of a physical structure into a design library. Fullwave simulation using Ansoft HFSS and compact models extraction using optimization tool for wire bond are shown, followed by in-depth discussions of wire bond parameterized models. Validation of parameterized model by measurement is presented.
Feature Extraction in Abnormal Pattern Recognition of Financial Transaction (2011)

Feature extractors are used to get mathematical features that can be machine readable. In this paper we proposed a novel feature extraction and similarity measurement method based on RBF neural network one-step deviation prediction, which is different from traditional time series researches. The method converts time series similarity to feature vectors similarity comparison, while feature vectors are associated with physical information. Experiments show that this method has obvious advantages compared to traditional time series researches. It can detect abnormal patterns of financial transactions effectively.
Smectite to Illite Conversion in Bentonites and Shales of the East Slovak Basin (1993)

Abstract The conversion of smectite to illite has been studied in buried bentonites and shales of the East Slovak Neogene Basin, using X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. A good correlation was observed in both rock types between the content of expandable layers in interstratified illite-smectite (I-S) minerals and burial depth (temperature), with shales from a given depth being markedly more illitic than bentonties. This difference disappeared at a depth of ~3 km, which represents a temperature of ~150°C The diameter of fundamental illite particles increased with decreasing expandability. Potassium fixation together with neoformation appear to be the mechanisms of conversion of smectite to illite.
<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> engineered for xylose metabolism requires gluconeogenesis and the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway for aerobic xylose assimilation (2011)

Saccharomyces strains engineered to ferment xylose using Scheffersomyces stipitis xylose reductase (XR) and xylitol dehydrogenase (XDH) genes appear to be limited by metabolic imbalances, due to differing cofactor specificities of XR and XDH. The S. stipitis XR, which uses both NADH and NADPH, is hypothesized to reduce the cofactor imbalance, allowing xylose fermentation in this yeast. However, unadapted S. cerevisiae strains expressing this XR grow poorly on xylose, suggesting that metabolism is still imbalanced, even under aerobic conditions. In this study, we investigated the possible reasons for this imbalance by deleting genes required for NADPH production and gluconeogenesis in S. cerevisiae. S. cerevisiae cells expressing the XR-XDH, but not a xylose isomerase, pathway required the oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) and gluconeogenic production of glucose-6-P for xylose assimilation. The requirement for generating glucose-6-P from xylose was also shown for Kluyveromyces lactis. When grown in xylose medium, both K. lactis and S. stipitis showed increases in enzyme activity required for producing glucose-6-P. Thus, natural xylose-assimilating yeast respond to xylose, in part, by upregulating enzymes required for recycling xylose back to glucose-6-P for the production of NADPH via the oxidative branch of the PPP. Finally, we show that induction of these enzymes correlated with increased tolerance to the NADPH-depleting compound diamide and the fermentation inhibitors furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural; S. cerevisiae was not able to increase enzyme activity for glucose-6-P production when grown in xylose medium and was more sensitive to these inhibitors in xylose medium compared to glucose.
VHDL in an object oriented VLSI design environment (1988)

The principal structures used in an object-oriented CAD design environment (OOCADE) intended for use in connection with VHDL design are described. OOCADE establishes a hierarchical knowledge representation system for design entities (objects) using multiple inheritance (and inferential distance to resolve ambiguities) across a variety of user-definable relations. The design environment, VIOLET, which is the central part of the OOCADE, supports data abstraction, attribute inheritance, and dynamic binding. The discussion covers the basic concepts, the features of VIOLET, dynamic binding, the iconic user interface, and constraints and integrity checking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Membrane depolarization induces calcium-dependent secretion of tissue plasminogen activator (1996)

Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), a serine protease that converts inactive plasminogen to active plasmin, is produced in the rat and mouse hippocampus and participates in neuronal plasticity. To help define the role of tPA in the nervous system, we have analyzed the regulation of its expression in the neuronal cell line PC12. In control cultures, tPA activity is exclusively cell-associated, and no activity is measurable in the culture medium. When the cells are treated with depolarizing agents, such as KCI, tPA activity becomes detectable in the medium. The increased secreted tPA activity is not accompanied by an increase in tPA mRNA levels, and it is not blocked by protein synthesis inhibitors. In contrast, tPA release is abolished by Ca2+ channel blockers, suggesting that chemically induced membrane depolarization stimulates the secretion of preformed enzyme. Moreover, KCI has a similar effect in vivo when administered to the murine brain via an osmotic pump: tPA activity increases along the CA2-CA3 regions and dentate gyrus of the hippocampal formation. These results demonstrate a neuronal activity-dependent secretory mechanism that can rapidly increase the amount of tPA in neuronal tissue.
Tolerogenicity of resting and activated B cells. (1994)

Antigen presentation by resting splenic B cells has been shown previously to induce T helper 1 cell (Th1) anergy. In contrast to expectations, it was found here that B cells treated with F(ab')2 goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin (IgM) for 24 or 48 h also presented antigen (Ag) to Th1 cells in a manner that induced dramatic Ag-specific proliferative inactivation. The tolerogenicity of the anti-Ig-treated B cells was consistent with the observation that these B cells were only slightly more efficient than resting B cells in stimulating human gamma globulin (HGG)-induced proliferation of HGG-specific Th1 cells in primary cultures. The activated B cells were, however, more efficient than resting B cells in stimulating a primary mixed leukocyte reaction, and exhibited increased expression of major histocompatibility complex class II molecules, RL388 Ag and transferrin receptor. In addition, unlike resting B cells, which expressed little detectable B7, anti-Ig-treated B cells expressed high levels of B7. The functional capacity of the B7 expressed on the activated B cells was demonstrated by the fact that the Ag-presenting capacity of these B cells was inhibited by the addition to culture of CTLA4Ig, a soluble receptor for B7. It is unlikely that the tolerogenicity of the activated B cells was due to an inability of the Th1 cells to respond to B7 signals; the Th1 clones used in the experiments, unlike the Th2 clones tested, expressed CD28, the ligand for B7. In addition, anti-CD28 monoclonal antibody inhibited the induction of Th1 cell anergy when added to cultures of Th1 cells and Ag-pulsed fixed antigen-presenting cells. Taken together, the results indicate that B cells, even when activated, do not satisfy the costimulatory requirements of the Th1 cells used here, and therefore can present Ag in a tolerogenic fashion to Th1 cells. The costimulator deficiency of activated B cells may reflect an inadequacy in the level of B7 expressed or a lack of some other molecule.
Point-based calibration using a parametric representation of the general imaging model (2011)

Generic imaging models can be used to represent any camera. These models are specially suited for non-central cameras for which closed-form models do not exist. Current models are discrete and define a mapping between each pixel in the image and a straight line in 3D space. Due to difficulties in the calibration procedure and model complexity these methods have not been used in practice. The focus of our work was to relax these drawbacks. In this paper we modify the general imaging model using radial basis functions to interpolate image coordinates and 3D lines allowing both an increase in resolution (due to their continuous nature) and a more compact representation. Using this new variation of the general imaging model we also develop a new linear calibration procedure. In this process it is only required to match one 3D point to each image pixel. Also it is not required the calibration of every image pixel. As a result the complexity of the procedure is significantly decreased.
Swept Wing-Tip Shapes for Low-Speed Airplanes (1985)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Preliminary results are presented of a study conducted to analyze the effects of several planform modifications on the aerodynamic characteristics of a high-aspect-ratio, natural laminar flow (NLF) wing. The study addresses the potential aerodynamic improvements available at both cruise and high angles of attack by use of swept wing-tip shapes. The swept wing tip appears to offer a viable addition to the lift of wing-tip designs which provide improvements in aerodynamic efficiency, with the added safety benefit of providing high angle-of-attack departure resistance. </div>
Bringing closed-loop home (2014)

Results and experience with closed-loop insulin delivery have been encouraging, leading the way for future improvements and development in the field, to make closed loop suitable for use in clinical practice.
Variable-Rate Chemigation via Center Pivots (2019)

Center pivots can be used to achieve variable-rate chemigation—applying spatially variable dosages of agricultural chemicals within the same field. This paper first presents equations specifying how a center pivot and the associated chemical injection pump can be operated to vary chemical dosages among sectors of a circle or among arc-shaped zones. This paper then introduces a software tool that facilitates computations for variable-rate chemigation. This paper finally documents two field tests of commercial, uncustomized variable rate chemigation systems. In the catch can test, mean absolute relative error in zone-average adjusted chemical dosage was 17%. In the flow-proportional chemical injection test, the system chemical concentration remained within 5% of the average value despite a fivefold range in water flow rates. With rising popularity of variable-rate application and increasing development of variable-rate chemigation equipment, the time is ripe for applied research and extension of variable-rate chemigation via center pivots.
Biodegradation of polyglycolic acid-collagen composite tubes for nerve guide in the peritoneal cavity. (2003)

The rate of biodegradation of new types of polyglycolic acid (PGA)-collagen composite tubes for nerve regeneration was evaluated in the peritoneal cavity. PGA mesh tubes with a diameter of 2 or 4 mm were coated with collagen solution and dried at room temperature. The tubes were then subjected to dehydrothermal treatment (composite tube). A 2 mm PGA-collagen composite tube filled with collagen sponge was also investigated in this study (sponge tube). Tubes with a length of 15 mm were fixed at the parietal peritoneum of BALB/c mice and excised 2 weeks and 1, 2, and 3 months after the operation. The inner areas of the excised tubes were measured microscopically. Statistical analysis was performed by one way ANOVA and Fisher's PLSD test. Although the inner areas of the 2 and 4 mm composite tubes were not maintained 1 month after the operation (62 +/- 6.8% and 21 +/- 3.8%, respectively), they were well maintained in the sponge tubes (83 +/- 6.4%). The inner areas of the sponge tubes were significantly larger than those of the composite tubes until 2 months after surgery. These results suggest that sponge tubes are more suitable than composite tubes for nerve regeneration in the peritoneal cavity.
Adaptive Response Mechanism Based on the Hybrid Simulation and Optimization for the Real Time Event Management (2009)

Implementing the effective and efficient planning methods is a critical means to gain competitiveness for the decision-maker of manufacturing enterprise in today's global market. We proposed adaptive response mechanism based on the hybrid simulation and optimization (ARESOP) that provides a formal bridge between long-term plans and shortterm schedules. ARESOP is composed of knowledge generator (KG) based optimization mechanism and knowledge simulator (KS) based discrete event system and performance monitor based rule-based heuristic mechanism. The KG selects the optimal plan of control parameters based on the estimated behavior of the system and forecasting demand from legacy system like ERP and MRP. The KS evaluate the plan from KS and check whether it is acceptable. Feedback control loops are employed at higher level to evaluate the performance and update the control parameters. Also, The comparison between the optimal and actual values of the two monitoring variables: demand and production release rates is performed by Performance Monitor (PM) module. The times at which performance monitoring is done can be periodic (performance is sampled at regular time intervals, event-based (performance is sampled upon detection of certain event such as machine breakdown, urgent order arrivals)). The significant advantage of the proposed method is shown. For a design and implementation, the data model and architecture of ARESOP is presented in this paper.
The structures of the kinase domain and UBA domain of MPK38 suggest the activation mechanism for kinase activity (2014)

Murine protein serine/threonine kinase 38 (MPK38) is the murine orthologue of human maternal embryonic leucine-zipper kinase (MELK), which belongs to the SNF1/AMPK family. MELK is considered to be a promising drug target for anticancer therapy because overexpression and hyperactivation of MELK is correlated with several human cancers. Activation of MPK38 requires the extended sequence (ExS) containing the ubiquitin-associated (UBA) linker and UBA domain and phosphorylation of the activation loop. However, the activation mechanism of MPK38 is unknown. This paper reports the crystal structure of MPK38 (T167E), which mimics a phosphorylated state of the activation loop, in complex with AMP-PNP. In the MPK38 structure, the UBA linker forces an inward movement of the αC helix. Phosphorylation of the activation loop then induces movement of the activation loop towards the C-lobe and results in interlobar cleft closure. These processes generate a fully active state of MPK38. This structure suggests that MPK38 has a similar molecular mechanism regulating activation as in other kinases of the SNF1/AMPK family.
Adaptive finite element methods for distributed parameter system identification: applications in fluorescence enhanced frequency domain optical tomography (2004)

This article addresses the distributed parameter system identification problem encountered in fluorescence enhanced optical tomography. Adaptive mesh refinement techniques can increase the efficiency of estimation algorithms by reducing the computational storage as well as tailoring the solution strategy to the problem structure. An adaptive refinement based Galerkin finite element scheme for coupled photon diffusion equations is implemented with a simply bound limited memory quasi-Newton algorithm, which is suitable for large scale nonlinear optimization. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is demonstrated on two dimensional test cases.
Identification of echovirus 1 and coxsackievirus A9 receptor molecules via a novel flow cytometric quantification method (2001)

By quantifying virus particles and possible receptor molecules, we found that Echo1 utilizes mainly integrin alpha 2 beta(1). CAV-9 utilizes integrin alpha v beta(3) to a much lesser extent (40%), indicating that CAV-9 also utilizes other receptor(s).
Induction of differentiation of human myeloid leukemias: surface changes probed with monoclonal antibodies (1983)

The surface changes occurring in three acute myeloid leukemia cell lines (HL60, ML3, and KG1) induced to differentiate by a variety of agents (dimethylsulfoxide, retinoic acid, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13- acetate, and factors present in lymphocyte conditioned medium) were probed using monoclonal antibodies that are differentiation stage- and lineage-specific. In all cases, the differentiated phenotype was defective and varied with the inducing agent and the cell line used. HL60 proved to be the most sensitive to the effect of the inducers. Retinoic acid was better than DMSO, and TPA was better than the medium factors in the ability to induce granulocytic and monocytic differentiation, respectively, in HL60 cells. These findings indicate that the differentiation block in acute myeloid leukemias is heterogeneous and that each cell line has different phenotypic characteristics that are responsible for the extent of differentiation obtained with a given inducer. These results also suggest that the extent of the differentiation response in vitro may be improved by the use of more suitable inducers for each specific leukemic line.
Affinity‐Based Drug Delivery (2010)

Affinity-based drug delivery systems utilize interactions between the therapeutic drug and the delivery system to manipulate drug loading and to control drug release. In this paper, affinity-based drug delivery system syntheses, types of therapeutic factors delivered, and delivery system loading and release are discussed in detail. The paper is divided into three subsections, based on the type of delivery system: molecular imprinting systems, growth-factor delivery, and cyclodextrin-based delivery. The objective of this paper is to examine the current state of research, highlight the breakthroughs and challenges, point out potential impacts of this relatively new technology, and explore future developmental areas.
The 341C/T polymorphism in the GSTP1 gene is associated with increased risk of oesophageal cancer (2010)

This study shows that the risk of developing OSCC in the South African population can be partly explained by genetic polymorphisms in GST coding genes and their interaction with environmental factors such as tobacco smoke and alcohol consumption.
Continuum and Ground Structure Topology Methods for Concept Design of Structures (1999)

The performance of continuum topology and ground structure topology methods are studied here for their utility and efficiency in concept design of structures. The continuum topology method is formulated using a volume-fraction/powerlaw framework and solved using sequential linear programming, whereas the ground structure method is formulated using discrete truss elements and solved using a genetic algorithm. The two alternative methods are exercised in the design of a plane truss to carry a system of static loads, and their results are compared in terms of realism and utility as well as their associated computational expenses.