gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A hybrid framework for supporting scheduling in extended manufacturing environments (2014)

In the current marketplace, enterprises face enormous competitive pressures. Global competition for customers that demand customized products with shorter due dates and the advancement in information technologies, marked the introduction of the Extended Enterprise. In these EMEs (Extended Manufacturing Environments), lean, virtual, networked and distributed enterprises, form MO (Meta-Organizations), which collaborate to respond to the dynamic marketplace. MO members share resources, customers and information. In this paper we present a hybrid framework based on a DKBS (Distributed Knowledge Base System), which includes information about scheduling methods for collaborative enterprises sharing their problems. A core component of this system includes an inference engine as well as two indexes, to help in the classification of the usefulness of the information about the problems and solving methods. A more structured approach for expanding the MO concept is presented, with the HO (Hyper-Organization). The manner in which MO-DSS can communicate, cooperate and share information, in the context of the HO is also detailed.
ROSflight: A Lean Open-Source Research Autopilot (2020)

ROSflight is a lean, open-source autopilot system developed with the primary goal of supporting the needs of researchers working with micro aerial vehicle systems. The project consists of firmware designed to run on low-cost, readily available flight controller boards, as well as ROS packages for interfacing between the flight controller and application code and for simulation. The core objectives of the project are as follows: maintain a small, easy-to-understand code base; provide high-bandwidth, low-latency communication between the flight controller and application code; provide a straightforward interface to research application code; allow for robust safety pilot integration; and enable true software-in-the-loop simulation capability.
Comparison of the diffraction stack and time-reversal imaging algorithms applied to short-range UWB scattering data (2007)

Comparison of different techniques for short-range UWB radar imaging has been performed based on experimental data. To acquire experimental data, a video-impulse radar with a specially developed antenna system with a single transmitter antenna and an array of receiver antennas has been used. Topology of the receiver array was made in such a way that the footprint of the receiver array does not have any sidelobes.
Effect of surface scattering on terahertz time domain spectroscopy of chemicals (2008)

The existence of unique absorption spectrum patterns for many chemicals at terahertz frequencies has opened an exciting
avenue in non-contact safe detection of such materials by terahertz spectroscopy. However, scattering of THz waves,
which have wavelengths on the order of material grain sizes, by surface roughness challenges the sensitivity of this
detection scheme in practice. In this work, we present terahertz time domain spectroscopy results for materials with
rough surfaces. Both reflection from and transmission through lactose, which has sharp absorption peaks in the terahertz
regime, are studied and the effect of increasing scattering through controlled surface roughness is investigated. Such
electromagnetic scattering can alter the terahertz absorption spectrum and thus obscure the detection of chemicals.
Furthermore we examine electro-optic detection of terahertz signals reflected from randomly rough targets with a
theoretical electromagnetic system perspective and provide a method to retrieve coherent reflection responses from
rough surface targets.
Modeling and optimization of the hot embossing process for micro- and nanocomponent fabrication (2006)

Hot embossing and injection molding belong to the established plastic molding processes in microengineering. Based on experimental findings, a variety of microstructures have been replicated using these processes. However, with increasing requirements regarding the embossing surface, and the simultaneous decrease of the structure size down into the nanorange, increasing know-how is needed to adapt hot embossing to industrial standards. To reach this objective, a German-Canadian cooperation project has been launched to study hot embossing theoretically by process simulation and experimentally. The present publication reports on the proceeding and present first results.
Reduced hepatic fatty acid oxidation in fasting PPARα null mice is due to impaired mitochondrial hydroxymethylglutaryl‐CoA synthase gene expression (2000)

Glucose and fatty acid metabolism (oxidation versus esterification) has been measured in hepatocytes isolated from 24 h starved peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPARalpha) null and wild-type mice. In PPARalpha null mice, the development of hypoglycemia during starvation was due to a reduced capacity for hepatic gluconeogenesis secondary to a 70% lower rate of fatty acid oxidation. This was not due to inappropriate expression of the hepatic CPT I gene, which was similar in both genotypes, but to impaired mitochondrial hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase gene expression in the PPARalpha null mouse liver. We also demonstrate that hepatic steatosis of fasting PPARalpha null mice was not due to enhanced triglyceride synthesis.
NPL's new absorbed dose standard for the calibration of HDR<sup>192</sup>Ir brachytherapy sources (2012)

A novel graphite calorimeter for absorbed dose rate measurements close to high dose rate (HDR) 192Ir brachytherapy sources has been designed and built at the UK National Physical Laboratory (NPL). The graphite calorimeter allows a more direct calibration of HDR 192Ir sources in terms of absorbed dose rate to water at a distance of 1 cm, , compared with the current air kerma-based calibration method, where is determined as the product of the measured air kerma strength and the dose rate constant, Λ, resulting in overall standard uncertainties of up to 5%. With the new absorbed dose standard, can be measured directly with standard uncertainties between 0.7% and 1.0%, depending on the operating mode of the calorimeter. A Nucletron microSelectron-v1 Classic HDR 192Ir source was calibrated with the calorimeter in terms of . The same source was also calibrated with NPL's HDR 192Ir air kerma primary standard in terms of reference air kerma rate. Combining both measurements yielded the experimentally determined dose rate constant of the 192Ir source.
SHORTFINDER: a graphical CAD tool for locating net-to-net shorts in VLSI chip layouts (1990)

Locating the geometrical features causing shorts is often the most vexing problem faced during the layout verification process. A description is given of an interactive CAD tool called Shortfinder that enables the user to find VLSI layout errors resulting in electrical shorts between complex nets quickly and with minimal effort. This is accomplished by displaying a cycle-free shortest electrical path between two points indicated by the user on a graphical display of the layout. Shortfinder was implemented as a modular enhancement to an existing layout viewing program; its data structures and algorithms are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Adrenal Gland and Kidney (1995)

MR is able to detect and characterize the majority of disease entities which affect the adrenal glands and kidneys. In the evaluation of the adrenal glands in-phase and out-of-phase T1-weighted imaging may be the most effective noninvasive method to distinguish benign adenomas from malignant masses. T2-weighted images are sensitive and relatively specific for the investigation of pheochromocytoma. Although MRI is excellent at evaluating the kidneys, the lower cost and good image quality of CT render it the primary diagnostic tool for renal imaging. The major current applications for MRI of the kidneys include evaluation of patients with allergy to iodinated contrast, renal failure, and the characterization of complicated renal lesions. Evaluation of venous thrombus in the context of renal cancer is likely also a useful role for MRI.
Guaranteed, reliable, secure broadcast networks (1989)

A patent-pending invention for handling reliable and secure broadcasts is presented. This invention guarantees all computers in the network the reception of all broadcast messages in the proper sequence, even though there may be line noise, hardware malfunction, or busy receivers. This makes possible correct distributed database updates, parallel information retrieval, and many other applications. The invention adds four specialized components to existing networks and uses a special communication protocol. It can be applied to both local area and wide area networks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Non hot-spot PV module using solar cells with bypass diode function (1996)

The authors started to deliver terrestrial nonhot-spot photovoltaic modules using solar cells with the bypass diode function on the market. The bypass diode function is achieved by controlling cell reverse characteristics without increasing the cost. This function gives the bypass of current flow to the shaded cell when the module is shaded by unfavorable shields such as fallen leaves. Thus the advanced modules are able to show the more power output and the lower temperature increase than the conventional modules when a part of them is shaded.
Space Radiation Cancer Risks and Uncertainties for Mars Missions (2001)

Projecting cancer risks from exposure to space radiation is highly uncertain because of the absence of data for humans and because of the limited radiobiology data available for estimating late effects from the high-energy and charge (HZE) ions present in the galactic cosmic rays (GCR). Cancer risk projections involve many biological and physical factors, each of which has a differential range of uncertainty due to the lack of data and knowledge. We discuss an uncertainty assessment within the linear-additivity model using the approach of Monte Carlo sampling from subjective error distributions that represent the lack of knowledge in each factor to quantify the overall uncertainty in risk projections. Calculations are performed using the space radiation environment and transport codes for several Mars mission scenarios. This approach leads to estimates of the uncertainties in cancer risk projections of 400-600% for a Mars mission. The uncertainties in the quality factors are dominant. Using safety standards developed for low-Earth orbit, long-term space missions (>90 days) outside the Earth's magnetic field are currently unacceptable if the confidence levels in risk projections are considered. Because GCR exposures involve multiple particle or delta-ray tracks per cellular array, our results suggest that the shape of the dose response at low dose rates may be an additional uncertainty for estimating space radiation risks.
The effects of 1-THP on morphine-induced discrimionation (2005)

The rats were trained to discriminate morphine (2.50 mg•kg~(-1)) from saline under fixed-ratio schedule and after the discrimination established, morphine of different doses 0.31、0.63、1.25、2.50 mg•kg~(-1)) was given to substitute for the training dose. Then, the rats were administered with DA receptor antagonists Sch23390, raclopride and 1-THP (1.25、2.50、5.00 mg•kg~(-1)) , respectively to antagonize the effect. The rats acquired morphine discrimination at the dose of 2.50 mg•kg~(-1) and the effect was antagonized by Sch23390, raclopride and 1-THP, and 1-THP could dose-dependently antagonize the effects of morphine. The rats can steadily discriminate morphine from saline and DA receptors are involved in this effect. The effect of 1-THP on the discriminative stimulus, suggests that 1-THP can inhibit the psychic dependence of morphine.
Patterns of Sympathetic Nerve Projections onto the Canine Heart (1968)

Major branches from right and left sympathetic ganglia were electrically stimulated while force of contraction was recorded from multiple areas of the right and left ventricles. Stimulation of the stellate ganglia generally elicited alterations in force of contraction from all test segments, but excitation of selected nerve trunks induced responses in highly localized regions of the heart. Ablation of narrow strips of epicardium resulted in obliteration of contractile responses in specific, highly localized regions of the heart; thus a major fraction of the sympathetic innervation of the ventricular chambers is by way of the epicardial plexus. The anterior surface of the right ventricle is supplied by projection pathways arising within the immediately subepicardial regions of the right A-V groove and, to a lesser extent, from the tissues immediately adjacent to the left anterior descending artery. The left ventricle receives minor projections from the right A-V groove with major projections from subepicardial tissues along the left anterior descending artery. In some animals there also exists a definite left ventricular supply from the region of the left A-V groove. Whereas the thoracic vagi send dense projections to the atria, and particularly to nodal tissue, they also supply both ventricles with inhibitory and augmentor fibers. Although isolated cardiac nerves may carry predominantly sympathetic or parasympathetic fibers, many show rich intermingling of these fibers in trunks distal to the caudal cervical ganglion.
Anti-addiction vaccines (2011)

Despite intensive efforts to eradicate it, addiction to both legal and illicit drugs continues to be a major worldwide medical and social problem. Anti-addiction vaccines can produce the antibodies to block the effects of these drugs on the brain, and have great potential to ameliorate the morbidity and mortality associated with illicit drug intoxications. This review provides a current overview of anti-addiction vaccines that are under clinical trial and pre-clinical research evaluation. It also outlines the development challenges, ethical concerns, and likely future intervention for anti-addiction vaccines.
Graphene Transistors Fabricated via Transfer-Printing In Device Active-Areas on Large Wafer (2007)

We demonstrate a method that uses the pillars on a stamp to cut and exfoliate graphene islands from a graphite and then uses transfer printing to place the islands from the stamp into the device active-areas on a substrate with a placement accuracy potentially in nanometers. The process can be repeated to cover all device active-areas over an entire wafer. We also report the transistors fabricated from the printed graphene. The transistors show a hole and electron mobility of 3735 and 795 cm2/V-s, respectively, and a maximum drive-current of 1.7 mA/μm (at VDS = 1 V), which are among the highest reported for room temperature. The effects of various transferring and fixing layers on sticking graphenes to a stamp and to a substrate, respectively, were also investigated.
Preparation By Grafting Onto, Characterization, and Properties of Thermally Responsive Polymer-Decorated Cellulose Nanocrystals (2010)

The grafting of thermosensitive amine-terminated statistical polymers onto the surface of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) was achieved by a peptidic coupling reaction, leading to unusual properties like colloidal stability at high ionic strength, surface activity, and thermoreversible aggregation. We have used a large variety of experimental techniques to investigate the properties of the polymer-decorated CNCs at different length-scales and as a function of the different reaction parameters. A high grafting density could be obtained when the reaction was performed in DMF rather than water. Infrared and solid-state NMR spectroscopy data unambiguously demonstrated the covalent character of the bonding between the CNCs and the macromolecules, whereas TEM images showed a preserved individualized character of the modified objects. Dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurements were also consistent with individual nanocrystals decorated by a shell of polymer chains. Surface tension measurements revealed that CNCs became surface-active after the grafting of thermosensitive amines. Decorated CNCs were also stable against high electrolyte concentrations. A thermoreversible aggregation was also observed, which paves the way for the design of stimuli-responsive biobased nanocomposite materials.
Integrated approach to produce a recombinant, his‐tagged human α‐galactosidase a in mammalian cells (2011)

Successful production of recombinant proteins (r-proteins) by transient gene expression (TGE) depends on several parameters (including producer cells, culture conditions, transfection procedure, or expression vector) that should be optimized when producing any recombinant product. In this work, TGE-based production of human α-galactosidase A (GLA) is described. Producer cells, expression vectors, and parameters influencing cell metabolism after transfection have been tested. The enzyme is secreted, has the right molecular weight, and is enzymatically active. Productivities of up to 30-40 mg/L have been achieved, with a simple, fast procedure. A 6 × His tag allows enzyme purification in a single step, rendering a highly pure product. We propose a TGE-based protocol able to produce up to several milligrams per liter of highly pure, active GLA in a time as short as a few days. By this, enough amounts of engineered versions of the enzyme can be easily produced to be tested in vitro or in preclinical trials.
Hybrid Electric Vehicles: Architecture and Motor Drives (2007)

Electric traction is one of the most promising technologies that can lead to significant improvements in vehicle performance, energy utilization efficiency, and polluting emissions. Among several technologies, hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) traction is the most promising technology that has the advantages of high performance, high fuel efficiency, low emissions, and long operating range. Moreover, the technologies of all the component hardware are technically and markedly available. At present, almost all the major automotive manufacturers are developing hybrid electric vehicles, and some of them have marketed their productions, such as Toyota and Honda. This paper reviews the present technologies of HEVs in the range of drivetrain configuration, electric motor drives, and energy storages
Quantum key distribution network with wavelength addressing (2006)

Most traditional applications of quantum cryptography are point-to-point communications, in which only two users can exchange keys. In this letter, we present a network scheme that enable quantum key distribution between multi-user with wavelength addressing. Considering the current state of wavelength division multiplexing technique, dozens or hundreds of users can be connected to such a network and directly exchange keys with each other. With the scheme, a 4-user demonstration network was built up and key exchanges were performed.
Tropical Cyclone Center Automatic Determination Model Based on HY-2 and QuikSCAT Wind Vector Products (2018)

Tropical cyclones (TCs) are weather systems with vast destructive power. A key element in issuing warnings for TCs approaching land is the accurate and timely knowledge of the location of the circulation center. Current procedures are usually performed with manual input from a human analyst. Since subjective elements are involved in this process, analysts could disagree on the results even when multiple factors are considered. In this paper, we propose a new method for the automatic determination of the center of TCs using HY-2 and Quick Scatterometer wind vector products. First, we calculate the high-wind speed zone from the wind speed map. Next, we extract the vortexlike zone using the wind direction map. Finally, we automatically determine the center from the vortexlike zone. Six representative TCs (Haikui, Saola, Usagi, Florence, Ioke, and Gordon) and seventeen TCs in the 2013-2016 seasons are used to validate the TC center automatic determination (TCCAD) method. The results show that 1) the accuracy of the TCCAD method is close to that of the human expert method for most TCs and 2) the standard deviation in the TCCAD method is much smaller than that in the human expert method, which indicates that the TCCAD method is more efficient and reliable. Although the TCCAD method has some limitations because of the quality of scatterometer products and problems with the structure of TC eyes, it can automatically provide the practical, independent, and objective identification of TC centers.
Automated Damage Assessment of Critical Infrastructure Using Online Mapping Technique with Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (2019)

Rapid inspection and assessment of critical infrastructure after man-made and natural disasters is a matter of homeland security. The primary aim of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of leveraging small Unmanned Aircraft System (sUAS) in support of the rapid recovery of critical infrastructure in the aftermath of catastrophic events. We propose our data collection, detection and assessment system, using a sUAS equipped with a Lidar and a camera. This method provides a solution in fast post-disaster response and assists human responders in damage investigation.
Mitochondrial ATP production is necessary for activation of the extracellular-signal-regulated kinases during ischaemia/reperfusion in rat myocyte-derived H9c2 cells (2000)

To search for the stimuli involved in activating the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) during ischaemia and reperfusion, we simulated the event in a system in vitro conducive to continuous and non-invasive measurements of several major perturbations that occur at the time: O2 tension, mitochondrial respiration and energy status. Using H9c2 cells (a clonal line derived from rat heart), we found that activation of the extracellular signal-regulated MAPKs (ERKs) on reoxygenation was abolished if the mitochondria were inhibited prior to and during reoxygenation. Re-introduction of O2per se is therefore not sufficient to activate the ERKs. Recovery and maintenance of cellular ATP levels by mitochondrial respiration is necessary, although ATP recovery alone is not sufficient. ERK activation by H2O2, but not phorbol esters, was also sensitive to mitochondrial inhibition. Thus, reoxygenation and H2O2-mediated oxidative stress share a mechanism of ERK activation that is ATP- or mitochondrion-dependent, and this common feature suggests that the reoxygenation response is mediated by reactive oxygen species. A correlation between ERK activity and ATP levels was also found during the anoxic phase of ischaemia, an effect that was not due to substrate limitation for the kinases. Our results reveal the importance of cellular metabolism in ERK activation, and introduce ATP as a novel participant in the mechanisms underlying the ERK cascade.