gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dual-Tagging Gene Trap of Novel Genes in<i>Drosophila melanogaster</i> (2001)

A gene-trap system is established for Drosophila. Unlike the conventional enhancer-trap system, the gene-trap system allows the recovery only of fly lines whose genes are inactivated by a P-element insertion, i.e., mutants. In the gene-trap system, the reporter gene expression reflects precisely the spatial and temporal expression pattern of the trapped gene. Flies in which gene trap occurred are identified by a two-step screening process using two independent markers, mini-w and Gal4, each indicating the integration of the vector downstream of the promoter of a gene (dual tagging). mini-w has its own promoter but lacks a polyadenylation signal. Therefore, mini-w mRNA is transcribed from its own promoter regardless of the vector integration site in the genome. However, the eyes of flies are not orange or red unless the vector is incorporated into a gene enabling mini-w to be spliced to a downstream exon of the host gene and polyadenylated at the 3' end. The promoter-less Gal4 reporter is expressed as a fusion mRNA only when it is integrated downstream of the promoter of a host gene. The exons of trapped genes can be readily cloned by vectorette RT-PCR, followed by RACE and PCR using cDNA libraries. Thus, the dual-tagging gene-trap system provides a means for (i) efficient mutagenesis, (ii) unequivocal identification of genes responsible for mutant phenotypes, (iii) precise detection of expression patterns of trapped genes, and (iv) rapid cloning of trapped genes.
Synthesis of a New Fluorescent Probe Specific for Catechols (2002)

[reaction: see text] The synthesis of a new fluorescent probe, specific for the catechol moiety, has been conducted by preparation of alpha,alpha-dibromomalonamides containing an appropriate fluorophore. N,N'-Bis-anthracen-9-ylmethyl-2,2-dibromomalonamide reacted with various catechols in the presence of cesium carbonate to generate highly fluorescent derivatives.
Absence of inspiratory laryngeal constrictor muscle activity during nasal neurally adjusted ventilatory assist in newborn lambs (2012)

In nonsedated newborn lambs, nasal pressure support ventilation (nPSV) can lead to an active glottal closure in early inspiration, which can limit lung ventilation and divert air into the digestive system, with potentially deleterious consequences. During volume control ventilation (nVC), glottal closure is delayed to the end of inspiration, suggesting that it is reflexly linked to the maximum value of inspiratory pressure. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to test whether inspiratory glottal closure develops at the end of inspiration during nasal neurally adjusted ventilatory assist (nNAVA), an increasingly used ventilatory mode where maximal pressure is also reached at the end of inspiration. Polysomnographic recordings were performed in eight nonsedated, chronically instrumented lambs, which were ventilated with progressively increasing levels of nPSV and nNAVA in random order. States of alertness, diaphragm, and glottal muscle electrical activity, tracheal pressure, Spo(2), tracheal Pet(CO(2)), and respiratory inductive plethysmography were continuously recorded. Although phasic inspiratory glottal constrictor electrical activity appeared during nPSV in 5 of 8 lambs, it was never observed at any nNAVA level in any lamb, even at maximal achievable nNAVA levels. In addition, a decrease in Pco(2) was neither necessary nor sufficient for the development of inspiratory glottal constrictor activity. In conclusion, nNAVA does not induce active inspiratory glottal closure, in contrast to nPSV and nVC. We hypothesize that this absence of inspiratory activity is related to the more physiological airway pressurization during nNAVA, which tightly follows diaphragm electrical activity throughout inspiration.
Full-scale high-speed schlieren imaging of explosions and gunshots (2005)

High-speed imaging and cinematography are important in research on explosions, firearms, and homeland security. Much can be learned from imaging the motion of shock waves generated by such explosive events. However, the required optical equipment is generally not available for such research due to the small aperture and delicacy of the optics and the expense and expertise required to implement high-speed optical methods. For example, previous aircraft hardening experiments involving explosions aboard full-scale aircraft lacked optical shock imaging, even though such imaging is the principal tool of explosion and shock wave research. Here, experiments are reported using the Penn State Full-Scale Schlieren System, a lens-and-grid-type optical system with a very large field-of-view. High-speed images are captured by photography using an electronic flash and by a new high-speed digital video camera. These experiments cover a field-of-view of 2x3 m at frame rates up to 30 kHz. Our previous high-speed schlieren cinematography experiments on aircraft hardening used a traditional drum camera and photographic film. A stark contrast in utility is found between that technology and the all-digital high-speed videography featured in this paper.
Lawyers and Their Elusive Pursuit of Happiness: Does it Matter? (2015)

Does happiness as a lawyer—however you define happiness—matter as a question of legal professionalism? Does the well-being of law students make any difference in their education? Is there any reason for law firms, corporations, clients, bar associations, or the judiciary to be concerned about whether the lawyers they encounter are languishing, flourishing, or merely getting by? Much has been said about the plight of lawyers today—a depressed,3 anxious,4 suicidal,5 alcoholic group—;6 and those are the ones with jobs.7 Those without
Prostaglandins in physiological and in certain pathological responses of the cerebral circulation. (1981)

The most abundant prostaglandin produced by brain tissue varies from species to species. The most abundant prostaglandin produced by brain microvessels is PGI2, PGG2, PGH2, PGI2, PGE2, PGD2, and arachidonic acid dilated cerebral arterioles. Cyclooxygenase inhibitors (indomethacin, AHR-5850), in doses that reduced prostaglandin synthesis substantially, did not affect resting vascular caliber and did not influence the responses of cerebral arterioles to arterial hypoxia, arterial hypercapnia, or arterial hypocapnia, suggesting that prostaglandins are not involved in the mediation of these responses. The vasodilator action of vasoactive intestinal peptide on cerebral arterioles was blocked by these cyclooxygenase inhibitors. The cerebral arteriolar damage induced by fluid-percussion brain injury was inhibited by pretreatment with cyclooxygenase inhibitors, or with free radical scavengers. Topical application of arachidonic acid or PGG2, reproduced the damage seen with brain injury. These findings show that prostaglandins are mediators of the cerebral arteriolar damage due to brain injury and that their mechanism of action is dependent on the generation of free oxygen radicals.
A new genus and species of oribatid mite (Acari: Liacaroidea, Metrioppiidae) (1969)

About two years ago Dr. Henry Dybas very kindly sent me a number of collection, of mites for sorting. Among the many oribatid specimens was one that slightly resembled Pyroppia lanceolata Hammer, 1955, but was larger (930 ii x 750 /a vs. 620-670 ix x 400 /a), and with different sensilli and lamellae. After comparing this mite with other known genera, I considered it to be a new genus and a new species in the family Metrioppiidae. It is described below.
Deaths: final data for 2003. (2006)

This report presents final 2003 data on U.S. deaths; death rates; life expectancy; infant and maternal mortality; and trends by selected characteristics such as age, sex, Hispanic origin, race, marital status, educational attainment, injury at work, State of residence, and cause of death. A previous report presented preliminary mortality data for 2003 and summarized key findings in the final data for 2003.This report presents descriptive tabulations of information reported on death certificates, which are completed by funeral directors, attending physicians, medical examiners, and coroners. The original records are filed in the State registration offices. Statistical information is compiled into a national database through the Vital Statistics Cooperative Program of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's, National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Causes of death are processed in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10).In 2003, a total of 2,448,288 deaths were reported in the United States. The age-adjusted death rate was 832.7 deaths per 100,000 standard population, representing a decrease of 1.5 percent from the 2002 rate and a record low historical figure. Life expectancy at birth rose by 0.2 years to a record high of 77.5 years. Considering all deaths, age-specific death rates rose only for those 45-54 years and declined for the age groups 55-64 years, 65-74 years, 75-84 years, and 85 years and over. For the most part, the 15 leading causes of death in 2003 remained the same as in 2002. Heart disease and cancer continued to be the leading and second leading causes of death, together accounting for over half of all deaths. Homicide became the 15th leading cause in 2003, dropping from the 14th leading cause in 2002. Pneumonitis dropped out of the top 15 altogether, and Parkinson's disease entered the list as the 14th leading cause of death. The infant mortality rate in 2003 was 6.85 per 1,000 births.Generally, mortality patterns in 2003 were consistent with long-term trends. Life expectancy in 2003 increased again to a new record level. The age-adjusted death rate declined to a record low historical figure. The infant mortality rate decreased significantly in 2003; except for 2002, it either decreased or remained level each successive year from 1958 to 2003.
Biochemical characterization of isovaleryl-CoA dehydrogenase (LiuA) of<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>and the importance of<i>liu</i>genes for a functional catabolic pathway of methyl-branched compounds (2008)

Growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa on acyclic terpene alcohols (citronellol) and on other methyl-branched compounds such as leucine or isovalerate requires a functional leucine/isovalerate utilization (Liu) pathway. In this study, we investigated the liuABCDE gene cluster by insertion mutant analysis, heterologous expression of liuA in Escherichia coli and by biochemical characterization of purified LiuA protein. Mutants with insertion in any of the liu genes were unable to utilize acyclic terpenes or leucine/isovalerate and confirmed the importance of the liu genes for catabolism of methyl-branched compounds. An insertion mutant in liuA was complemented by a liuA copy in trans, indicating that possible polar downstream effects of the insertion are not essential for growth. LiuA purified from recombinant E. coli revealed acyl-CoA dehydrogenase activity with isovaleryl-CoA (KM 2.3 microM) and butyryl-CoA as substrates. Other acyl-CoA compounds such as isobutyryl-CoA, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA, octanoyl-CoA, citronellyl-CoA or 5-methyl-hex-4-enoyl-CoA were not utilized. Experimental evidence for expression and essential functions of other Liu proteins in metabolism of methyl-branched compounds is provided.
LPCVD tungsten deposition on porous silicon for formation of buried conductors. [Low pressure chemical vapor deposition] (1985)

We report results on the feasibility of forming buried conductors under single crystal silicon using low pressure chemical vapor deposition of tungsten on the interal surfaces of porous silicon. The infiltration of tungsten into the pores depends on the porous silicon porosity, and on tungsten deposition process parameters such as deposition duration, total deposition pressure, and carrier gas species. The resulting tungsten-porous silicon layers were characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, Rutherford backscattering and x-ray spectroscopy and four-point probe resistivity measurements.
Threads in the Hagfish Slime Gland Thread Cells: Organization, Biochemical Features, and Length (1981)

Scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with cell isolation procedures revealed details of the packing of threads in hagfish slime gland thread cells. Biochemical studies indicate that the thread is largely composed of a protein subunit with a molecular weight of 63,500. Mathematical calculations suggest that the thread may attain lengths of 60 centimeters or more.
Vietnamese Accounting Reform and International Convergence of Vietnamese Accounting Standards (2012)

Due to the economic globalization, the international convergence of accounting standards is inevitable. But thelevel of economic globalization in among of countries are not the same. There are some differences inaccounting environment in the countries. This paper studies international convergence of Vietnamese accountingstandards. Firstly, the paper summarizes of the process of Vietnam's accounting reform, second analysisdifferences between Vietnamese accounting standards and International accounting standards. Finally, proposedstrategy convergence of Vietnamese accounting standards and International accounting standards.
Enquête sur la production de quelques essences résineuses dans le département du Bas-Rhin (1965)

III -Ralisation. IV -Mthode de travail. V -Rsultats. VI -Conclusions gnrales. I. -But de l'enqute Ds sa cration, en septembre 1960, et dans le but d'amliorer la productivit des forts, le C.E.T.E.F. de Basse-Alsace a inscrit son programme la recherche de rfrences techniques concernant les essences les plus capables d'assurer une meilleure rentabilit conomique et financire aux diverses forts du Bas-Rhin. Il lui est apparu primordial d'oprer un classement dans les diverses essences, surtout rsineuses, selon les rsultats qu'elles donnent dans les principaux milieux rencontrs dans le dpartement.
From the Watching of Shadows: The Origins of Radiological Tomography (1990)

Part 1 - Early History: Classical section imaging. The early years, 1895-circa 1940. The middle years, circa 1940-50. Circa 1950 and beyond. Part 2 - Modern History: Pioneers towards computed tomography. Patents for computed tomography. Historical emission tomography. Epilogue: Why tomography? Appendices. References. Index.
Temporal Cycle-Consistency Learning (2019)

We introduce a self-supervised representation learning method based on the task of temporal alignment between videos. The method trains a network using temporal cycle-consistency (TCC), a differentiable cycle-consistency loss that can be used to find correspondences across time in multiple videos. The resulting per-frame embeddings can be used to align videos by simply matching frames using nearest-neighbors in the learned embedding space. To evaluate the power of the embeddings, we densely label the Pouring and Penn Action video datasets for action phases. We show that (i) the learned embeddings enable few-shot classification of these action phases, significantly reducing the supervised training requirements; and (ii) TCC is complementary to other methods of self-supervised learning in videos, such as Shuffle and Learn and Time-Contrastive Networks. The embeddings are also used for a number of applications based on alignment (dense temporal correspondence) between video pairs, including transfer of metadata of synchronized modalities between videos (sounds, temporal semantic labels), synchronized playback of multiple videos, and anomaly detection. Project webpage: https://sites.google.com/view/temporal-cycle-consistency .
Special features of SCF solid extraction of natural products: deoiling of wheat gluten and extraction of rose hip oil (2000)

Supercritical CO2 extraction has shown great potential in separating vegetable oils as well as removing undesirable oil residuals from natural products. The influence of process parameters, such as pressure, temperature, mass flow and particle size, on the mass transfer kinetics of different natural products has been studied by many authors. However, few publications have focused on specific features of the raw material (moisture, mechanical pretreatment, bed compressibility, etc.), which could play an important role, particularly in the scale-up of extraction processes. A review of the influence of both process parameters and specific features of the material on oilseed extraction is given in Eggers (1996). Mechanical pretreatment has been commonly used in order to facilitate mass transfer from the material into the supercritical fluid. However, small particle sizes, especially when combined with high moisture contents, may lead to inefficient extraction results. This paper focuses on the problems that appear during scale-up in processes on a lab to pilot or industrial plant scale related to the pretreatment of material, the control of initial water content and vessel shape. Two applications were studied: deoiling of wheat gluten with supercritical carbon dioxide to produce a totally oil-free (< 0.1 % oil) powder (wheat gluten) and the extraction of oil from rose hip seeds. Different ways of pretreating the feed material were successfully tested in order to develop an industrial-scale gluten deoiling process. The influence of shape and size of the fixed bed on the extraction results was also studied. In the case of rose hip seeds, the present work discusses the influence of pretreatment of the seeds prior to the extraction process on extraction kinetics.
Finger-Shaped GelForce: Sensor for Measuring Surface Traction Fields for Robotic Hand (2009)

It is believed that the use of haptic sensors to measure the magnitude, direction, and distribution of a force will enable a robotic hand to perform dexterous operations. Therefore, we develop a new type of finger-shaped haptic sensor using GelForce technology. GelForce is a vision-based sensor that can be used to measure the distribution of force vectors, or surface traction fields. The simple structure of the GelForce enables us to develop a compact finger-shaped GelForce for the robotic hand. GelForce that is developed on the basis of an elastic theory can be used to calculate surface traction fields using a conversion equation. However, this conversion equation cannot be analytically solved when the elastic body of the sensor has a complicated shape such as the shape of a finger. Therefore, we propose an observational method and construct a prototype of the finger-shaped GelForce. By using this prototype, we evaluate the basic performance of the finger-shaped GelForce. Then, we conduct a field test by performing grasping operations using a robotic hand. The results of this test show that using the observational method, the finger-shaped GelForce can be successfully used in a robotic hand.
Interferon-γ Reduces Cell Surface Expression of Annexin 2 and Suppresses the Invasive Capacity of Prostate Cancer Cells (2008)

The effect of interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) treatment on cell surface protein expression was studied in the human prostate cancer cell line 1542CP3TX. IFNgamma increased both the number and abundance of proteins in membrane fractions. In contrast, the expression of annexin 2 and its binding partner p11 decreased by 4-fold after 24 h of exposure, with the remaining anx2(t) complexes localized to lipid rafts. Within the same time scale, IFNgamma reduced the abundance of the peripherally attached, anx2(t)-associated proteases procathepsin B and plasminogen. The invasive capacity of the cancer cells was reduced by treatment with IFNgamma or antibody to annexin 2 in 1542CP3TX cells, but not in LNCaP, an annexin 2-negative prostate cancer cell line. Expression of annexin 2 in LNCaP cells increased their invasiveness. IFNgamma induced calpain expression and activation and increased the phosphorylation and degradation of the calpain substrate ABCA1 in 1542CP3TX cancer cells. Surface expression of annexin 2 was reduced in cells treated with glyburide, an ABCA1 inhibitor, whereas inhibition of calpain abrogated IFNgamma-induced annexin 2 down-regulation and suppression of Matrigel invasion. The findings suggest annexin 2 externalization is coupled to lipid efflux in prostate epithelium and that IFNgamma induces down-regulation of the protease-binding anx2(t) scaffold at the cell surface and consequently acts to suppress invasiveness through calpain-mediated degradation of the lipid transporter ABCA1.
Full Scale Field Trial of Taut Leg Mooring using Fiber Rope and Suction Anchor attached to a Semi-Submersible Drilling Unit (1997)

1 Abstract This paper describes a full scale field trial of taut leg mooring performed by Saga Petroleum ASA in August/September 1996 offshore Norway, using suction anchors and two types of fiber ropes attached to a semi-submercible drilling unit. The purpose of the field trial was to qualify taut leg mooring as an effective mooring system for floating drilling units. The subject drilling unit was conventionally moored by 8 chain/wire lines. The field trial was based on installing two additional mooring lines consisting of one polyethylene(Dyneema) and one polyester fiber rope in a taut leg mode using suction anchors. The operation was performed in 200 m water depth. The two large suction anchors were installed and removed from a standard AHTS vessel by use of a purpose built launching frame. This operation is normally performed by large, heavy lift vessels or crane barges. The tension and elongation of two fiber ropes were continuously monitored and stored by a data acquisition unit at site during the trial. Additional laboratory tests of the fiber ropes were carried out before and after the field trial. Saga Petroleum's field trial has demonstrated that taut leg mooring using fiber ropes and suction anchors is a viable and effective alternative to conventionally moored and dynamically positioned drilling units, especially in congested seafloor areas and in deep water. 2 Introduction About 5 – 6 years ago the industry in Norway started to look into exploration drilling in deep waters (800 – 1500 m water depth). This was initiated in preparation for exploring the deep prospects offshore Mid-Norway (Mere and Vering Basins). Saga Petroleum has been working with a simplified rig concept for this application, called "The EfEx Rig" (Effective Exploration). In autumn 1995, taut leg mooring using suction anchors and fiber ropes was raised as an alternative mooring system for this rig concept. Taut leg mooring using suction anchors and fiber ropes soon developed into a project of its own. As conventional installation of suction anchors so far has been done with expensive heavy lift vessels or barges, it was imperative to develop a more cost effective installation method. In a cooperation between a small engineering company, named Structural Engineering, and Saga Petroleum, a method of deploying suction anchors from a standard anchor handling (AHTS) vessel was developed. This was accomplished by designing a special launching frame. Saga Petroleum found that in order to qualify this deployment of suction anchors and to evaluate the behaviour of fiber ropes in a taut leg mode, a full scale field trial would be essential. The semi-submercible drilling unit, Deepsea Bergen, was scheduled to drill a well for Saga Petroleum at the Tordis Field in The North Sea, summer 1996. Even though the water depth was only 200 m, this offered a good opportunity for afield trial as Deepsea Bergen was only to be moored by 8 out of possible 10 lines.