gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CXCR3 ligands are augmented during the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis (2009)

We and other investigators have hypothesised that the CXC chemokine receptor (CXCR)3/CXCR3 ligand biological axis is involved in the formation of sarcoid lung granulomas; however, significant discrepancies in the current literature remain. In an effort to clarify previous conflicting findings, we performed the largest observational study to date of interferon-inducible ELR(-) (lacking the sequence glutamic acid-leucine-arginine) CXC chemokines in sarcoid bronchoalveolar fluid (BALF). BALF chemokine levels from sarcoid patients (n = 72) and healthy controls (n = 8) were measured with the ELISA method. Immunohistochemical staining was performed for CXCR3 and its ligands. BALF CXC chemokine ligand (CXCL)10 levels from sarcoid patients were not significantly increased compared with controls. BALF CXCL11 levels from sarcoid patients demonstrated a trend towards elevation; subgroup analysis by stage showed significant BALF CXCL11 elevation in stage I sarcoid patients compared with controls. BALF CXCL9 levels were elevated from sarcoid patients compared with controls. CXC11, CXCL9 and CXCR3 were expressed from epithelioid histiocytes, multinucleated giant cells and other inflammatory cells forming sarcoid lung granulomas. Our data suggest that CXCL9 and CXCL11 are important mediators in recruiting CXCR3-expressing cells. Importantly, we have made the novel observation that both lymphocytes and cells of monocyte linage express CXCR3 and are involved in the formation of sarcoid lung granulomas.
Studies on the effect of thiuram disulfide on NR vulcanization accelerated by thiazole-based accelerator systems (1996)

Thiuram disulfides form synergistic combinations with thiazole and thiazole-based accelerators, namely, N-cyclohexy-2-benzothiazole sulfenamide (CBS), 2-mercaptobenzothiazole(MBT), and 2-mercaptobenzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS). Unfortunately, widely used thiuram disulfides (TD) generate carcinogenic N-nitrosoamine. It is reported that the nitrosamines from N-methylpiperazine and dibenzylamine are free from this menace. So, some investigations were carried out with the binary combinations of each of bis(N-methylpiperazino)thiuram disulfide (MPTD), tetrabenzylthiuram disulnde (TBzTD), and tetramethyl-thiuram disulfide (TMTD) separately with CBS, MBT, and MBTS. It was observed that all the TD are activated by the CBS, MBT, or MBTS in the combinations studied. The intensity of activation is manifested in the enhancement of torque, modulus, tensile strength, cure rate, hardness, and decrease of elongation at break values and is very much dependent upon the ratio of the accelerators used. Considering the torque, modulus, tensile strength, and the elongation at break values, it apears that MPTD and TBzTD are capable of competing with the hitherto unbeaten TMTD as suitable accelerators for the vulcanization of rubber. Some investigations in respect to heat- and age-resistance behavior have also been carried out and the observed differences in the activities of various binary combinations have been explained through a mechanism. The results obtained with filled vulcanizates indicate that the binary systems comprising TD and MBTS provide fruitful results of which the TBzTD–MBTS combination seems to give the best cure and physical data for practical vulcanizates. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
On the Tabulation of the Renewal Function (1982)

A generalized cubic splining algorithm enables us to evaluate recursively-defined convolution integrals for a wide variety of distribution functions. This algorithm has been used to evaluate the renewal function, the variance function, and the integral of the renewal function for five distributions (gamma, inverse Gaussian, lognormal, truncated normal, and Weibull) for a wide range of values of the shape parameter of each. The results of the computations are described and a comparison is made with previous tabulations.
Intervertebral disc regeneration: from the degenerative cascade to molecular therapy and tissue engineering (2013)

Low back pain is one of the major health problems in industrialized countries, as a leading source of disability in the working population. Intervertebral disc degeneration has been identified as its main cause, being a progressive process mainly characterized by alteration of extracellular matrix composition and water content. Many factors are involved in the degenerative cascade, such as anabolism/catabolism imbalance, reduction of nutrition supply and progressive cell loss. Currently available treatments are symptomatic, and surgical procedures consisting of disc removal are often necessary. Recent advances in our understanding of intervertebral disc biology led to an increased interest in the development of novel biological treatments aimed at disc regeneration. Growth factors, gene therapy, stem cell transplantation and biomaterials-based tissue engineering might support intervertebral disc regeneration by overcoming the limitation of the self-renewal mechanism. The aim of this paper is to overview the literature discussing the current status of our knowledge from the degenerative cascade of the intervertebral disc to the latest molecular, cell-based therapies and tissue-engineering strategies for disc regeneration.
Anonymous Record Linkage Between EPR and CDW-H: Toward Development of a Federated Genotype-Phenotype System. (2012)

Environmental Polymorphisms Registry (EPR) is a large-scale phenotype-by-genotype registry developed by National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences to facilitate translational research. The link between personal identity and collected genomic data was preserved in EPR which creates opportunities for EPR to be linked to phenotype-rich databases, such as the Carolina Data Warehouse for Health (CDW-H) located at the University of North Carolina hospital system. CDW-H contains clinically-relevant data for patients who have been admitted to UNC healthcare system. To validate the feasibility of linking EPR with CDWH, the number of matching records between the two databases had to be established. To that end, combinations of subjectsâ demographic identifiers from both databases were converted to anonymized hash codes, which were then matched to determine the number of overlapping records. Preliminary results showed that combination of last name, gender, data of birth and zip code would generate over 2,700 matches between the two databases.
Physicochemical Properties of Silver Tungstate (1979)

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi-221 005, (India) <em>Manuscript received 24 April 1978, revised </em>24 <em>October 1978, accepted 12 March 1979</em> The method of preparation of silver tungstates have been described and the results of Differential Thermal Analysis, Thermogravimetric, Infra-red, X-ray diffraction and magnetic susceptibility measurement studies of silver tungstates and the thermal decom­position products have been reported.
Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Efficient Organic Dyes Containing the Benzo[<i>b</i>]furan Moiety for Solar Cells (2007)

New organic dyes composed of the benzo[b]furan donor, thiophene-conjugated bridge, and cyano acrylic acid acceptor have been newly synthesized through the one-pot coupling cyclization key step. Nanocrystalline TiO2 dye-sensitized solar cell was fabricated using this dye. A solar-to-electric conversion efficiency of 6.65% and 4.70% is achieved with 1 and 2, respectively.
RAPID COMMUNICATION: ALCOHOL-PREFERRING RATS HAVE FEWER DOPAMINE D<sub>2</sub> RECEPTORS IN THE LIMBIC SYSTEM (1992)

Dopamine D2 receptors in nucleus accumbens, olfactory tubercle and caudate nucleus of Sardinian ethanol-preferring (SP), and non-preferring (SNP) rats were compared by using [3H]YM-09151-2 binding. SP rats exhibited, in each area, lower density of D2 receptors than SNP and unselected Wistar (UW) rats. The results suggest that reduction in D2 receptors in SP rats may be relevant to their innate preference for alcohol.
Metagenomes of Complex Microbial Consortia Derived from Different Soils as Sources for Novel Genes Conferring Formation of Carbonyls from Short-Chain Polyols on <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2003)

Metagenomic DNA libraries from three different soil samples (meadow, sugar beet field, cropland) were constructed. The three unamplified libraries comprised approximately 1267000 independent clones and harbored approximately 4.05 Gbp of environmental DNA. Approximately 300000 recombinant Escherichia coli strains of each library per test substrate were screened for the production of carbonyls from short-chain (C2 to C4) polyols such as 1,2-ethanediol, 2,3-butanediol, and a mixture of glycerol and 1,2-propanediol on indicator agar. Twenty-four positive E. COLI clones were obtained during the initial screen. Fifteen of them contained recombinant plasmids, designated pAK201-215, which conferred a stable carbonyl-forming phenotype on E. coli Sequencing revealed that the inserts of pAK201-215 encoded 26 complete and 14 incomplete predicted protein-encoding genes. Most of these genes were similar to genes with unknown functions from other microorganisms or unrelated to any other known gene. The further analysis was focused on the 7 plasmids (pAK204, pAK206, pAK208, and pAK210-213) recovered from the positive clones, which exhibited an NAD(H)-dependent alcohol oxidoreductase activity with polyols or the correlating carbonyls as substrates in crude extracts. Three genes (ORF6, ORF24, and ORF25) conferring this activity were identified during subcloning of the inserts of pAK204, pAK211, and pAK212. The sequences of the three deduced gene products revealed no significant similarities to known alcohol oxidoreductases, but contained putative glycine-rich regions, which are characteristic for binding of nicotinamide cofactors.
CWD sensors for intrusion detection systems-an update (2002)

Coupled wave devices (CWDs) were developed as an alternative to leaky coaxial cables for use in perimeter guided radar detection systems. Leaky coaxial cable systems, when buried in the ground, provide a covert and all-terrain line of perimeter detection. When compared with a continuously radiating leaky coaxial cable, a CWD provides a discrete launching and reception of radio frequency (RF) "sensing" signals along a simple wire conductor. CWD sensors provide many benefits for above ground applications due to their inherent coupling efficiency, simplicity and uniform detection. Repels is the initial product that was developed based on this technology. It is a portable, rapid deployment line sensor that can be erected quickly over uneven terrain to provide a security perimeter. This paper briefly reviews the technical basis of this unique guided radar approach and discusses the technical advances. Since the introduction of the first sensor, several variations have been developed and/or introduced. S-Line and Fensor are two of these CWD-based sensors. S-Line is a permanent wall or roof-top line sensor that detects attempts at crossing an existing defined perimeter. It is able to provide detection with a single sensor over the complex three-dimensional geometry typical of a building facade. Fensor is a CWD-based sensor which provides its own inherent barrier. The perimeter detection capability of Fensor is built into an aesthetically pleasing, non-conductive fence structure suitable for new construction. Technical details, test site, and initial operational site experience for each of these alternatives are discussed.
Competing Pathways in the Photo-Favorskii Rearrangement and Release of Esters: Studies on Fluorinated <i>p</i>-Hydroxyphenacyl-Caged GABA and Glutamate Phototriggers (2009)

Three new trifluoromethylated p-hydroxyphenacyl (pHP)-caged gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate (Glu) derivatives have been examined for their efficacy as photoremovable protecting groups in aqueous solution. Through the replacement of hydrogen with fluorine, e.g., a m-trifluoromethyl or a m-trifluoromethoxy versus m-methoxy substituents on the pHP chromophore, modest increases in the quantum yields for the release of amino acids GABA and glutamate as well as improved lipophilicity were realized. The pHP triplet undergoes a photo-Favorskii rearrangement with concomitant release of the amino acid substrate. Deprotonation competes with the rearrangement from the triplet excited state and yields the pHP conjugate base that, upon reprotonation, regenerates the starting ketoester, a chemically unproductive or "energy-wasting" process. When picosecond pump-probe spectroscopy is employed, GABA derivatives 2-5 are characterized by short triplet lifetimes, a manifestation of their rapid release of GABA. The bioavailability of released GABA at the GABA(A) receptor improved when the release took place from m-OCF3 (2) but decreased for m-CF3 (3) when compared with the parent pHP derivative. These studies demonstrate that pKa and lipophilicity exert significant but sometimes opposing influences on the photochemistry and biological activity of pHP phototriggers.
Absorbing boundary conditions for the numerical simulation of waves (1977)

In practical calculations, it is often essential to introduce artificial boundaries to limit the area of computation. Here we develop a systematic method for obtaining a hierarchy of local boundary conditions at these artificial boundaries. These boundary conditions not only guarantee stable difference approximations but also minimize the (unphysical) artificial reflections which occur at the boundaries.
Statistical Thermodynamics of Rubber. III (1944)

Abstract The kinetic theories of rubber elasticity which have been developed within recent years have grown out of one fundamental idea, namely that the elastic forces involved are due to the thermal motions of the molecules rather than to deformations of valence bonds and angles. In deriving theoretical equations of state for rubber, the usual procedure has been to connect entropy concepts with the probability functions for molecular shapes, assuming that molecules can have different shapes as a result of rotation about some of the valence bonds. Although the various authors started with substantially the same idea, their theories differed as to the way in which entropy changes were calculated. Recently, however, Treloar has shown that by eliminating certain approximations from Kuhn's treatment, then Kuhn's theory gives precisely the same result as does the theory of the present author. A basic postulate of the author's theory and of Kuhn's theory as amended by Treloar is that, when a piece of rubber is deformed, the components of the lengths of the molecules change in the same ratio as the corresponding dimensions of the rubber. To illustrate this specifically, let us consider a one-dimensional problem. If x is the component of the length of a molecule in the direction under consideration, then for a piece of unstrained rubber the probability of finding a molecule with a value of x in the range x to x + dx will be given by:
Servopneumatic Clamping System for the Assembly of Battery Cells in the Area of Electromobility (2016)

This paper describes a new application for servopneumatic drives. In a battery module for automotive applications the pouch cells are clamped between frames. During the assembly the frames needs to be clamped permanently. So a clamping system comprising two drives was developed, which moves four clamp fingers each alternating. In the first chapter the application is described in detail. The second chapter includes a comparison of servoelectric and servopneumatic drives for this application with respect to energy consumption, installation space and purchase cost. The developed clamping unit is described in chapter three as well as a verification of the influence of the preload force on the straightness of the stack. At the end of this paper the conclusions are summed up.
3D flow tomography with electromagnetic flowmeter (2003)

Magnetic flowmeters, which have been one of the standard instrument to measure liquid flowrate in industry, are applied to tomographic imaging of flow velocity field. It is possible to evaluate velocity profiles through the proper design of the magnetic field. In this paper, we propose a new design of the 3D field excitation with two sets of eight magnetic poles and of eight signal pick-up electrodes. From the simulation study under a laminar swirling flow, that the reconstruction of 3D velocity distribution can be achieved.
Electric coupling to the magnetic resonance of split ring resonators (2004)

We study both theoretically and experimentally the transmission properties of a lattice of split ring resonators (SRRs) for different electromagnetic (EM) field polarizations and propagation directions. We find unexpectedly that the incident electric field E couples to the magnetic resonance of the SRR when the EM waves propagate perpendicular to the SRR plane and the incident E is parallel to the gap-bearing sides of the SRR. This is manifested by a dip in the transmission spectrum. A simple analytic model is introduced to explain this interesting behavior.
Achieving Theoretical Accuracy Limits for Pseudoranging in the Presence of Multipath (1995)

In a recent paper by this author [l], it has been
shown that modern GPS receiver- pseudorange
estimation techniques, such as narrow correlator
technology, ,permit pseudoranging accuracy close to
the theoretical iimit for single-path propagation in the
presence of receiver thermal noise. As a result, it is
now apparent to receiver designers that in a majority
of applications, multipath remains as a dominant
source of pseudoranging error.
Although various receiver processing schemes are
being developed to combat multipath error, little has
been published about the best performance that is
theoretically possible when multipath is actually
present. The answer to this question would provide
the receiver designer with a valuable benchmark. For
example, if the performance of a particular
pseuddranging. algorithm in the presence of
multipath were close to’ a theoretical limit,. futile and
costly attempts to significantly imprcve performance
could be avoided. On the other hand, if a significant
gap exists between algorithm performance and
rneorerrcarry optimum performance, the theory often
suggests what mathematical signal processing
operations would be required to reach the optimal
solution.
In this paper, an ultimate limit for pseudorange
accuracy in the presence of multipath is developed
using results from classical estimation theory.
Although the primary focus is on the two-path case
encountered in a majority of applications (typified by
a direct path and a ground bounce), the theory can
be extended to three or more paths. Additionally, the
required processing for reaching optimum accuracy
is revealed. Subtleties which exist in the case of
multipath but not in single-path propagation are also
mentioned.
In vitro optical quality measurements of three intraocular lens models having identical platform (2017)

The monofocal IOL performed the best for far, the bifocal IOL for near and the trifocal IOL for intermediate focus. While the monofocal IOL created the least amount of light loss for both pupil sizes, the trifocal IOL created less than half the amount of light loss than the bifocal IOL for small pupil. For large pupil, however, less light scatter was observed for the bifocal than the trifocal IOL.
MAPK Signal-integrating Kinase Controls Cap-independent Translation and Cell Type-specific Cytotoxicity of an Oncolytic Poliovirus (2010)

Many animal viruses exhibit proficient growth in transformed cells, a property that has been harnessed for the development of novel therapies against cancer. Despite overwhelming evidence for this phenomenon, understanding of the molecular mechanisms enabling tumor-cell killing is rudimentary for most viruses. We report here that growth and cytotoxicity of the prototype oncolytic poliovirus (PV), PVSRIPO, in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is promoted by mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) converging on the MAPK signal-integrating kinase 1 (Mnk1) and its primary substrate, the eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E. Inducing Mnk1-catalyzed eIF4E phosphorylation through expression of oncogenic Ras substantially enhanced PVSRIPO translation, replication, and cytotoxicity in resistant cells. This effect was mimicked by expression of constitutively active forms of Mnk1 and correlated with enhanced translation of subgenomic reporter RNAs. Our findings implicate Mnk1 activity in stimulation of PVSRIPO cap-independent translation, an effect that can be synergistically enhanced by inhibition of the phosphoinositide-3 kinase (PI3K).
Effectiveness of Web-based versus Live Plant Identification Tests (2003)

Setup and administration of comprehensive live plant identification (ID) tests in horticulture classes is time-consuming and costly. The curricular goal of this study was to integrate Web-based plant ID self-tests and computer-graded tests into floriculture potted plant production classes to potentially replace live plant ID tests. This research was conducted during 2000 and 2001 with students enrolled in Hort 4051 at the University of Minnesota, St. Paul. All plant ID tests were mandatory, constituting 12% of the grade. In 2000, only Web-based ID tests were used, while both Web-based and live plant ID tests were used in 2001. Two separate self-tests were designed as study aids with 34 randomized photographs/test. Correct spelling was mandatory to receive full credit for genus, species, and family. Self-tests could be taken ten times each per student. Students then completed two for-credit (graded), unmonitored Web-based tests. Students completed a Website evaluation form at the end of the semester. The two live plant ID tests were conducted with the same materials and were monitored. Mean student scores for the Web-based ID tests in 2000 ranged from 73.5 to 99.5% with a class average of 91.9%; there were no significant differencesamong students' scores. Student Web-based ID test scores for 2001 had a similar range with a high class average of 93.8%. In contrast, the 2001 live plant ID tests had a wider score range of 21.7% to 100.0% and lower class average (72.2%). Web-based and live plant ID tests, students, and their interaction were all highly significant. Web site course evaluations demonstrated interesting trends in student perception of Web-based and live plant testing. The implications for future class use and potential modifications for continued Web-based instruction are presented.
Lef3a: Pupil segmentation using Viterbi search algorithm (2012)

A non-circular pupil segmentation approach using Viterbi path research is presented. Around the circle approximation of the pupil, a large region of gradient is produced radially. An enhancement step is used in order to remove outliers from the gradient image. A Viterbi algorithm is applied to find the contour that maximizes the gradient value along a connex contour. Our method which we called Lef3a (a snake that lives in Tunisian desert) is compared to three state of the art methods: a circular detector, an elliptical detector and a Snake detector. The two first methods are developed by our team; the last method is an external work based on Daugman's published method. We will show some segmentation results on non circular pupils, and we will compare the performance of all segmentation methods coupled with a standard iris coding and matching process on Notre Dame Database and our private database. Finally all methods are compared in terms of time processing.
A universal protocol to generate consensus level genome sequences for foot-and-mouth disease virus and other positive-sense polyadenylated RNA viruses using the Illumina MiSeq (2014)

We have developed a universal WGS method for FMDV and other polyadenylated RNA viruses. This method works successfully from a limited quantity of starting material and eliminates the requirement for genome-specific PCR amplification. This protocol has the potential to generate consensus-level sequences within a routine high-throughput diagnostic environment.