gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MC21-A, a Bactericidal Antibiotic Produced by a New Marine Bacterium, <i>Pseudoalteromonas phenolica</i> sp. nov. O-BC30 <sup>T</sup> , against Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2003)

We previously reported a new marine bacterium, Pseudoalteromonas phenolica sp. nov. O-BC30(T), which produced a bactericidal antibiotic against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). In the present study, we purified an anti-MRSA substance (MC21-A) from the methanol extract of the cells of P. phenolica O-BC30(T) and analyzed its chemical structure. MC21-A was determined to be 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromo-2,2'-biphenyldiol by spectrometric analyses. Its anti-MRSA activity against 10 clinical isolates of MRSA was comparable to that of vancomycin (MC21-A MICs, 1 to 2 micro g/ml; vancomycin MICs, <0.25 to 2 micro g/ml). This substance was also high active against Enterococcus serolicida, Enterococcus faecium, and Enterococcus faecalis but was less active against Streptococcus spp. A time-kill study also demonstrated that MC21-A was bactericidal and that its killing rate was much higher than that of vancomycin. The postantibiotic effect (PAE) of MC21-A against a clinical MRSA isolate, strain E 31243, was also comparable to that of vancomycin (MC21-A PAEs, 1.46 to 1.65 h; vancomycin PAEs, 0.84 to 1.43 h). However, a lysis experiment demonstrated that this substance failed to lyse MRSA cells. This substance also did not lyse human erythrocytes. A SYTOX Green staining experiment implied that this substance permeabilized the cell membrane of MRSA as its mode of action. When its activities against a hypersensitive Escherichia coli mutant (KO 1489) and wild-type strains were tested, MC21-A exhibited higher levels of activity against the former. Furthermore, MC21-A was not cytotoxic to human normal fibroblast, rat pheochromocytoma, and Vero cells at concentrations up to 50 micro g/ml. These results suggest that MC21-A might be useful as a lead compound in the development of new types of anti-MRSA substances with modes of action different from those of vancomycin and teicoplanin.
Aging Precipitation Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Inconel 617 Superalloy (2013)

Aging precipitation behavior and mechanical properties of Inconel 617 superalloy aged at 760 ℃ for up to 10000 h were investigated. The results showed that the precipitates of the aged alloy are M23C6 and M6C carbides and γ phase. The carbide particles precipitated both at the grain boundaries and within grains, and the γ phase particles were situated at intragranular sites in the process of aging. The carbide particles were discontinuously dispersed at grain boundaries after aging for 3000 h, while after aged for 5000 h the carbide particles are merged. The precipitates inside grains remained stable even after aging for 10000 h. The hardness was increased for the alloy aged for 300 h up to 3000 h, which was resulted primarily from the precipitation of carbides as discrete particles both at the grain boundaries and inside grains. Small quantity γ precipitates were formed inside grains, to some extent, which contributed to an enhanced hardness. However, a decrease of the hardness was observed after aging for 5000 h. A significant drop in toughness of the alloy aged for 300 h was attributed to the reduction of the bonding interface strength when carbides precipitated at grain boundaries. Thereafter, the toughness decreased slowly with the prolonged aging time. The high temperature tensile properties of the aged alloy are rather stable even aged for 300–3000 h.
Association of Polymorphisms in Human Leukocyte Antigen Class I and Transporter Associated with Antigen Processing Genes with Resistance to Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection (2003)

To examine the relationship of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and transporter associated with antigen processing (TAP) genes with resistance to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, 100 HIV-seronegative men who had been exposed repeatedly to HIV-1 were compared with 184 men who had seroconverted to HIV positive and had lower risk. In the univariate analysis, the HLA-A2 supertype, excluding A*0201 (HLA-A2/6802 supertype; odds ratio [OR], 4.45; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.33-4.84; P=.009) was associated with resistance to HIV-1 infection; the effect was the result of the presence of the A*0205 subgroup alleles. Susceptibility was associated in univariate analysis with the B*35 Px alleles (OR, 0.29; 95% CI, 0.08-0.99; P=.037), which suggests that differential preferences for amino acids at the C terminus may influence peptide-binding capacity. TAP2 Ala665 was also associated with resistance (OR, 2.26; 95% CI, 1.35-3.79; P=.002), perhaps because of its higher efficiency in transporting peptides, thus eliciting a greater CD8(+) T cell response, or because of linkage disequilibrium. In multivariate logistic analysis, only the A*0205 subgroup (OR, 5.56; 95% CI, 1.34-23.10; P=.018) and the TAP2 Ala665 (OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 1.28-3.84; P=.005) were associated with resistance.
DNA Methylation of Helper Virus Increases Genetic Instability of Retroviral Vector Producer Cells (2000)

Retroviral vector producer cells (VPC) have been considered genetically stable. A clonal cell population exhibiting a uniform vector integration pattern is used for sustained vector production. Here, we observed that the vector copy number is increased and varied in a population of established LTKOSN.2 VPC. Among five subclones of LTKOSN.2 VPC, the vector copy number ranged from 1 to approximately 29 copies per cell. A vector superinfection experiment and Northern blot analysis demonstrated that suppression of helper virus gene expression decreased Env-receptor interference and allowed increased superinfection. The titer production was tightly associated with helper virus gene expression and varied between 0 and 2.2 x 10(5) CFU/ml in these subclones. In one analyzed subclone, the number of integrated vectors increased from one copy per cell to nine copies per cell during a 31-day period. Vector titer was reduced from 1.5 x 10(5) CFU to an undetectable level. To understand the mechanism involved, helper virus and vectors were examined for DNA methylation status by methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme digestion. We demonstrated that DNA methylation of helper virus 5' long terminal repeat occurred in approximately 2% of the VPC population per day and correlated closely with inactivation of helper virus gene expression. In contrast, retroviral vectors did not exhibit significant methylation and maintained consistent transcription activity. Treatment with 5-azacytidine, a methylation inhibitor, partially reversed the helper virus DNA methylation and restored a portion of vector production. The preference for methylation of helper virus sequences over vector sequences may have important implications for host-virus interaction. Designing a helper virus to overcome cellular DNA methylation may therefore improve vector production. The maintenance of increased viral envelope-receptor interference might also prevent replication-competent retrovirus formation.
Revisiting Full-PRF-Secure PMAC and Using It for Beyond-Birthday Authenticated Encryption. (2016)

This paper proposes an authenticated encryption scheme, called SIVx, that preserves BBB security also in the case of unlimited nonce reuses. For this purpose, we propose a single-key BBB-secure message authentication code with 2n-bit outputs, called PMAC2x, based on a tweakable block cipher. PMAC2x is motivated by PMAC_TBC1k by Naito; we revisit its security proof and point out an invalid assumption. As a remedy, we provide an alternative proof for our construction, and derive a corrected bound for PMAC_TBC1k.
TWo RFLPs at the TNP1 locus (1991)

The Human Transition Protein 1 gene (TNPl) probe (1) used was a 700 bp genomic DNA sequence cloned into the SmaI site of pUC8 and was supplied by W.Engel. Polymorphisms: TNPl identifies a two allele polymorphism with TaqI: Al = 9.6 kb; A2 = 8.4 kb.
Conformational Features of 5'-O-(N-(L-Alanyl)sulfamoyl)adenosine, a Substrate Analogue of Alanyl-tRNA Synthetase, Studied by 1H-NMR and Energy Calculation Methods. (1993)

The solution conformation of 5'-O-[N-(L-alanyl)sulfamoyl]adenosine (ala-SA), an analogue of alanyl-AMP, was studied by 1H-NMR spectroscopic and energy calculation methods for elucidating the substrate-specificity of the cognate alanyl-tRNA synthetase. The ala-SA molecule existed in several conformational equilibria such as anti⇌syn, C3'-endo⇌C2'-endo and gauche·gauche⇌gauche·trans (or trans·gauche) orientations concerning the glycosyl bond, ribose puckering and exocyclic C4'-C5' bond, respectively. However, their populations were solvent-dependent, and the major form in D2O solution could be characterized as the anti-C2'-endo-gauche·gauche conformation, although no predominant conformation, except for C2'-endo ribose puckering, existed in dimethyl sulfoxide solution. Possible conformers satisfying the NMR data were surveyed using empirical energy calculations, and the solution conformation of the ala-SA molecule was compared with its crystal conformation.
E1B 55-Kilodalton Oncoproteins of Adenovirus Types 5 and 12 Inactivate and Relocalize p53, but Not p51 or p73, and Cooperate with E4orf6 Proteins To Destabilize p53 (2000)

The p53 tumor suppressor protein represents a target for viral and cellular oncoproteins, including adenovirus gene products. Recently, it was discovered that several proteins with structural and functional homologies to p53 exist in human cells. Two of them were termed p51 and p73. We have shown previously that the E1B 55-kDa protein (E1B-55 kDa) of adenovirus type 5 (Ad5) binds and inactivates p53 but not p73. Further, p53 is rapidly degraded in the presence of E1B-55 kDa and the E4orf6 protein of this virus. Here, it is demonstrated that p51 does not detectably associate with E1B-55 kDa. While p53 is relocalized to the cytoplasm by E1B-55 kDa, p51's location is unaffected. Finally, p51 retains its full transcriptional activity in the presence of E1B-55 kDa. Apparently, p51 does not represent a target of Ad5 E1B-55 kDa, suggesting that the functions of p51 are distinct from p53-like tumor suppression. E1B-55 kDa from highly oncogenic adenovirus type 12 (Ad12) was previously shown to surpass the oncogenic activity of Ad5 E1B-55 kDa in various assay systems, raising the possibility that Ad12 E1B-55 kDa might target a broader range of p53-like proteins. However, we show here that Ad12 E1B-55 kDa also inhibits p53's transcriptional activity without measurably affecting p73 or p51. Moderate inhibition of p51's transcriptional activity was observed in the presence of the E4orf6 proteins from Ad5 and Ad12. p53 and Ad12-E1B-55 kDa colocalize in the nucleus and also in cytoplasmic clusters when transiently coexpressed. Finally, E1B-55 kDa and E4orf6 of Ad12 mediate rapid degradation of p53 with an efficiency comparable to that of the Ad5 proteins in human and rodent cells. Our results suggest that E1B-55 kDa of either virus type has similar effects on p53 but does not affect p73 and p51.
Morphological stability and specific resistivity of sub-10 nm silicide films of Ni1−xPtx on Si substrate (2010)

This letter studies the morphological stability and specific resistivity of sub-10 nm silicide films of Ni, Ni0.95Pt0.05, and Ni0.9Pt0.1 formed on Si(100) substrate. When the deposited metal films are below 1 to 4 nm in thickness depending on the Pt content, the resultant silicide films tend to become epitaxially aligned to the Si substrate and hence exhibit an extraordinary morphological stability up to 800 °C. The presence of Pt in the silicides increases the film resistivity through alloy scattering, but alleviates, owing to a reduced electron mean free path, the frequently encountered sharp increase in resistivity in the sub-10 nm regime.
Spatio-temporal pattern recognizers using spiking neurons and spike-timing-dependent plasticity (2012)

It has previously been shown that by using spike-timing-dependent plasticity (STDP), neurons can adapt to the beginning of a repeating spatio-temporal firing pattern in their input. In the present work, we demonstrate that this mechanism can be extended to train recognizers for longer spatio-temporal input signals. Using a number of neurons that are mutually connected by plastic synapses and subject to a global winner-takes-all mechanism, chains of neurons can form where each neuron is selective to a different segment of a repeating input pattern, and the neurons are feed-forwardly connected in such a way that both the correct input segment and the firing of the previous neurons are required in order to activate the next neuron in the chain. This is akin to a simple class of finite state automata. We show that nearest-neighbor STDP (where only the pre-synaptic spike most recent to a post-synaptic one is considered) leads to "nearest-neighbor" chains where connections only form between subsequent states in a chain (similar to classic "synfire chains"). In contrast, "all-to-all spike-timing-dependent plasticity" (where all pre- and post-synaptic spike pairs matter) leads to multiple connections that can span several temporal stages in the chain; these connections respect the temporal order of the neurons. It is also demonstrated that previously learnt individual chains can be "stitched together" by repeatedly presenting them in a fixed order. This way longer sequence recognizers can be formed, and potentially also nested structures. Robustness of recognition with respect to speed variations in the input patterns is shown to depend on rise-times of post-synaptic potentials and the membrane noise. It is argued that the memory capacity of the model is high, but could theoretically be increased using sparse codes.
Structure‐permeability relationship in silicone polymers (1992)

ethylene units" to "methylene units.
De-synchronized generator using a synchronous turbo-generator and a matrix converter (2003)

The aim of this paper concerns high speed synchronous generators driven directly by gas or steam turbines. After reminding problematics and interest of variable speed in high power plants the authors present a brief state of the art about the abilities of classical static inverters to adapt variable frequency to grid ones. Considering the lack of practical solutions, they propose a structure based upon an original use of a matrix converter. Its principle is validated through first experimental results.
Infectious tolerance and the long‐term acceptance of transplanted tissue (2006)

Short courses of antibody treatment aimed at blocking the coreceptors CD4 and CD8 and/or costimulatory molecules such as CD40L are able to bring about long-term acceptance and tolerance of allogeneic transplants. This tolerant state is operational, in that potential effector cells remain but are tightly regulated through the induction of antigen-specific CD4+ regulatory T cells (Tregs). CD4+ CD25+ FoxP3+ Tregs appear to play a prominent role, although other categories of Tregs have been documented. Transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta) has been found to play a major role in the induction of the tolerant state with therapeutic antibodies as well as promoting the induction of FoxP3+ T cells from naïve populations. The observation that Tregs can be found in tolerated grafts has led to the idea that they may interact with the grafted tissue to establish a state of acquired privilege symmetrical with a similar privileged microenvironment around antigen-presenting cells in lymphoid tissues. Dampening of aggressive immune responses by Tregs allows antigen to persist and be presented in an innocuous way to promote tolerance in new cohorts of T cells throughout the life of the tolerated graft. Regulation may operate at many stages of an immune response, even as a censor at the terminal differentiation stages of effector function.
LIGHTWEIGHT PARTITIONS HAVING IMPROVED LOW FREQUENCY SOUND INSULATIONS (1995)

The sound insulations were measured of a range of single, double and triple leaf partitions. For the single leaf partitions, a staggered stud configuration was used. For the double and triple leaf partitions, the configuration of the boards was different from that in the conventional Camdens. At low frequencies, the partitions tested generally had higher sound insulations than comparable metal-framed Camdens. They also had higher sound insulations at low frequencies than comparable all-plasterboard partitions having the same numbers of layers of boards as in the metal-framed Camdens. The partitions will be suitable for use in studio constructions where lightweight partitions would previously have been ruled out on sound insulation grounds. This should enable considerable savings in construction costs. Issued under the Authority of Research &amp; Development Department,
Gamma-ray logging (1983)

Abstract The response of a gamma-ray sonde to formation radioactivity is derived as a function of the density of the formation, the borehole diameter, and the density of the borehole fluid. Two important geometrical parameters of a logging sonde are its radial depth of investigation and its vertical resolution.--Modified journal abstract.
Resistance and Thermo-Electric Power of Metallic Germanium (1922)

Electric Resistance and Thermo-electric Power of Germanium, from --- 191\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 675\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} $R=log A+aT+\frac{Q}{\mathrm{kT}}$.---Measurements were made on a pure specimen of this rare metal in the form of a rod 2.4 by 0.44 by 0.41 cm., prepared under the direction of L. M. Dennis. The current was led in through graphite blocks and thermo-junctions were placed in grooves near each end. For the thermo-electric power determinations a temperature gradient was secured by placing the specimen in a non-uniform part of a furnace or refrigerator and also by using a heater coil wound on one end. Between 125\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 450\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} the results indicate a slow reversible transformation of some sort, for below and above this range the thermo-electric power is a linear function of the temperature and also, except in the range 100\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 600\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, the resistance is an exponential function of the form $log R=log A+aT+\frac{Q}{\mathrm{kT}}$. The specific resistance reaches a minimum at - 116\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and again at 645\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}, the temperature coefficient changing from positive to negative with rising temperature. Its value at 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} is 0.089 ohm per cm. cube.Periodic Relations among the Elements with Reference to Temperature Variation of Resistance are pointed out. High resistance elements toward the right side of the Periodic Table have characteristically negative coefficients while the good conductors toward the left side have positive coefficients. The elements in Group IV, C, Si, Ti, Ge and Zr show transitional behavior, each giving indications at least of a minimum resistance at temperatures which decrease regularly from very high for the lightest to very low for the heaviest element.Transformation in Germanium, 125\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 450\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} $C$., as indicated by the above data, shows no hysteresis, the rapid cooling curves duplicating the slow cooling and heating ones. The phases are always in equilibrium, one, perhaps, being dissolved in the other.
Provably Secure Certified Mail (2000)

With a certified-mail protocol, one fairly exchanges a message for a receipt. No satisfactory protocols without any third party are possible, hence optimistic protocols are the best one can hope for. Here a third party is only involved if one party tries to cheat. Certified-mail protocols are known in the literature, but there was no rigorous definition yet, in particular for the optimistic case and for many interleaved executions. We provide two such definitions. One defines individual integrity and secrecy requirements. The other defines an ideal system and uses a general simulatability definition. We show the relation between the definitions, present an efficient protocol, and prove its security in detail. Apart from the intrinsic benefits of provably secure certified mail, this paper serves as an example that a serious-sized practical protocol can be rigorously proven with respect to a general simulatability definition and an abstract specification accessible to formal me...
Fed‐batch fermentation for the production of α‐amylase by <i>Bacillus amyloliquefaciens</i> (1988)

Fed-batch cultures were performed to maximize the alpha-amylase activity in a bioreactor. Kinetic equations containing a catabolite repression effect were used to model the enzyme formation from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens. Fed-batch culture experiments were performed using maltose to implement the optimal feeding strategy. Optimal fed-batch culture based on sequential parameter estimation was performed successfully using off-line analysis while the fermentation was in progress. The enzyme activity from the fed-batch culture employing maltose was higher than that of the batch culture by 60%. Enzyme production using starch showed similar trends to those obtained using maltose.
A One-Dimensional Real-Time Iterative Multiplier (1965)

The class of one-dimensional, real-time, iterative, discrete-state automata is described. By example, it is shown that serial multiplication can be carried out by such a sequential switching network. Each of two arbitrarily large integers is represented in binary notation by a time sequence of digits 0 or 1, the lowest order digits first. A design is given for a discrete-state machine that has as input the two time sequences of binary digits and as output a single sequence of binary digits, which is the product of the two input integers, lowest-order digit first. The multiplier is constrained to be a linear array of identical cells. The cells each have a finite number of states and each cell communicates directly only with the adjacent cells, such communications occurring in a synchronous manner. The multiplication is performed in real time; that is, the delay between the receipt of the nth digits of the input and the generation of the nth digit of the output is a fixed number of periods of the synchronizing clock. A design with no time delay is described.
Efficient implementation of pilot-aided 32 QAM for fixed wireless and mobile ISDN applications (2002)

This paper presents the design and performance of a pilot tone-aided 32 QAM modem developed for wireless ISDN applications. The modem is capable of transmitting a gross data rate of 70 kbit/s in a 20 kHz channel spacing. A low complexity receiver has been designed that allows the effects of fading and frequency offset to be removed digitally at a low IF using information extracted from the pilot tone. The design has been fully evaluated in narrowband Rayleigh and Rician fading channels. Computer simulations show that extreme Doppler shifts and frequency offsets have little effect on system performance. The design is suitable for mobile radio as well as fixed applications such as wireless in the local loop (WLL).