gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker on bones in mice with type 1 diabetes induced by streptozotocin (2013)

Local bone RAS functionally played a role in the development of type 1 diabetic osteoporosis, and losartan had no bone-sparing function in diabetes mice because of enhance skeletal RAS activity.
High voltage atmospheric cold plasma treatment of refrigerated chicken eggs for control of Salmonella enteritidis on external surfaces (2014)

The global market for eggs is projected to reach 1.154 trillion by the year 2015. The number one risk to consumers from chicken eggs is contamination with Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). FDA estimates each year 142,000 illnesses in the U.S. are caused by SE contamination in chicken eggs. The first objective of this research study was to evaluate a novel High Voltage Atmospheric Cold Plasma (HVACP) technology in reducing externally inoculated SE on refrigerated chicken eggs. Raw, chicken eggs attached with SE population (107 CFU/ml), were placed in plastic containers filled with either dry Air (22%O2, 78%N2) or Modified Atmospheric (MA) gas (65%O2, 30%CO2, 5%N2), and treated directly or indirectly with HVACP for 5, 10, and 15 min. The experiment was conducted in triplicate with each replicate requiring 48 eggs for treatment. Results showed direct HVACP treatment in MA for 15 min achieved maximum SE inactivation of 5.531 log CFU/egg. SE reductions on egg surfaces depended on treatment times, gas type, and mode of exposure of eggs to the plasma. A second objective of this research study was to examine the effect of HVACP treatment on egg quality during refrigerated storage. The most effective bactericidal conditions of direct treatment for 15 min in MA gas were selected for examination. The experiment was conducted in triplicate with each replicate requiring 56 eggs. A comparison of quality measurements between treated and untreated eggs at storage times of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, and 42 days were conducted. Quality measurements included Haugh Unit (HU), pH of albumen and yolk, yolk color, vitelline membrane strength, shell strength, and egg weight. Results found no significant quality differences between HVACP treated and untreated eggs at any storage times. In addition, treated and untreated eggs maintained Grade AA quality for six weeks when stored in a MA gas. Previous studies found eggs stored in air begin to lose Grade AA quality after two weeks of refrigerated storage.
Subcellular distribution of leukotriene C4 binding units in cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells. (1986)

The subcellular distribution of specific binding sites for [3H]leukotriene C4 ([3H]LTC4) was analyzed after sedimentation of organelles from disrupted bovine aortic endothelial cells on sucrose density gradients and was shown to be in membrane fractions I (20% sucrose) and IV (35% sucrose). Saturation binding studies of [3H]LTC4 on endothelial cell monolayers at 4 degrees C demonstrated high-affinity binding sites with a dissociation constant (Kd) of 6.8 +/- 2.2 nM (mean +/- SD) and a density of 0.12 +/- 0.02 pmol/10(6) cells. At 4 degrees C, the specific binding of [3H]LTC4 by each of the subcellular fractions reached equilibrium at 30 min and remained stable for an additional 60 min. After 30 min of incubation with [3H]LTC4, the addition of excess unlabeled LTC4 to each subcellular fraction reversed more than 70% of [3H]LTC4 binding in 10 min. The [3H]LTC4 binding activities of subcellular fractions were enhanced approximately twofold to fourfold in the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+, whereas Na+, K+, and Li+ were without effect. As measured by saturation experiments, the Kd and density of LTC4 binding sites in fraction I were 4.8 +/- 1.6 nM and 16.5 +/- 1.9 pmol/mg of protein, respectively, and in fraction IV were 4.7 +/- 1.5 nM and 81.4 +/- 19 pmol/mg of protein, respectively. Inhibition of [3H]LTC4 binding in membrane-enriched subcellular fractions I and IV by LTC4 occurred with molar inhibition constant (Ki) values of 4.5 +/- 0.1 nM and 4.7 +/- 1.2 nM, respectively, whereas Ki values for LTD4 were 570 +/- 330 nM and 62.5 +/- 32.8 nM, respectively, and for LTE4 were greater than 1000 nM for each fraction; LTB4 and reduced glutathione were even less active. FPL55712, a putative antagonist of the sulfidopeptide LT components of slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis, had Ki values of 1520 +/- 800 nM and 1180 +/- 720 nM for [3H]LTC4 binding sites on membrane-enriched subcellular fractions I and IV, respectively. Thus as defined by Kd, Ki, and specificity, the LTC4 binding units that are distributed to the plasma membrane and the binding units in the subcellular fraction of greater density were similar to each other. Pretreatment of the isolated subcellular membrane fractions with trypsin abolished [3H]LTC4 binding by fraction I, enriched for the plasma membrane marker 5' nucleotidase, and that by fraction IV, enriched for the mitochondrial membrane marker succinate-cytochrome C reductase.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
An architecture for a power-aware distributed microsensor node (2002)

Networks of distributed microsensors are emerging as a compelling solution for a wide range of data gathering applications. Perhaps the most substantial challenge facing designers of small but long-lived microsensor nodes is the need for significant reductions in energy consumption. We propose a power-aware design methodology that emphasizes the graceful scalability of energy consumption with factors such as available resources, event frequency, and desired output quality, at all levels of the system hierarchy. Our architecture for a power-aware microsensor node highlights the collaboration between software that is capable of energy-quality tradeoffs and hardware with scalable energy consumption.
Forward and reverse biased safe operating areas of the COOLMOS/sup TM/ (2002)

A new class of power MOSFET, called the COOLMOS/sup TM/, has recently been introduced with a very low on-resistance. In this paper, the forward and reverse biased safe operating areas and failure mechanisms of the COOLMOS/sup TM/ are studied via experimental measurements and two-dimensional numerical simulations.
Optical Waveguiding Polarizer (1974)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Shingo Uehara, Tatsuo Izawa, and Hiroshi Nakagome, "Optical Waveguiding Polarizer," Appl. Opt. 13, 1753-1754 (1974) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Superlattice-based thin-film thermoelectric modules with high cooling fluxes (2016)

In present-day high-performance electronic components, the generated heat loads result in unacceptably high junction temperatures and reduced component lifetimes. Thermoelectric modules can, in principle, enhance heat removal and reduce the temperatures of such electronic devices. However, state-of-the-art bulk thermoelectric modules have a maximum cooling flux qmax of only about 10 W cm(-2), while state-of-the art commercial thin-film modules have a qmax <100 W cm(-2). Such flux values are insufficient for thermal management of modern high-power devices. Here we show that cooling fluxes of 258 W cm(-2) can be achieved in thin-film Bi2Te3-based superlattice thermoelectric modules. These devices utilize a p-type Sb2Te3/Bi2Te3 superlattice and n-type δ-doped Bi2Te3-xSex, both of which are grown heteroepitaxially using metalorganic chemical vapour deposition. We anticipate that the demonstration of these high-cooling-flux modules will have far-reaching impacts in diverse applications, such as advanced computer processors, radio-frequency power devices, quantum cascade lasers and DNA micro-arrays.
Preparation and Evaluation of Sustained Release Ibuprofen Beads (1994)

Sustained release beads of ibuprofen were prepared by a capillary method using cellulose acetate phthalate, surfactants (Tween 80 and Span 80), and polymers (K 100 M Methocel and K 100 LV Methocel). These beads were formulated into capsule and tablet dosage forms. The beads did not disintegrate in simulated gastric fluid; however, they disintegrated in simulated intestinal fluid. The dissolution profiles of ibuprofen beads and dosage forms of beads (tablets and capsules) were conducted in phosphate buffer (pH 7.2) at 37°C. The beads containing Span 80 and K 100 M Methocel resulted in prolonged drug release. The preparation containing Span 80 and equal quantities of both the polymers (K 100 M Methocel and K 100 LV Methocel), also showed good sustained release properties. The formulations prepared with Tween 80 and K 100 LV Methocel released over 90% of the drug in 2 hours indicating no sustained release properties. The beads in tablet dosage form yielded slower dissolution profiles compared to the beads in capsule form which, in turn, had slower release profiles compared to the beads alone. Release of ibuprofen was much slower from tablets after one year of storage compared to tablets immediately after their manufacture.
Aligned Coaxial Nanowires of Carbon Nanotubes Sheathed with Conducting Polymers (2000)

Carbon nanotubes aligned perpendicular to a surface are used as electrodes to form novel, conducting polymer–carbon nanotube (CP–NT) composites. The SEM image (see picture) shows the CP–NT coaxial nanowires, in which an appropriate conducting polymer film is electrochemically deposited onto the carbon nanotube arrays partially immersed into an electrolyte solution.
Automatic Rule Acquisition for Chinese Intra-chunk Relations. (2008)

Multiword chunking is defined as a task to automatically analyze the external function and internal structure of the multiword chunk(MWC) in a sentence. To deal with this problem, we proposed a rule acquisition algorithm to automatically learn a chunk rule base, under the support of a large scale annotated corpus and a lexical knowledge base. We also proposed an expectation precision index to objectively evaluate the descriptive capabilities of the refined rule base. Some experimental results indicate that the algorithm can acquire about 9% useful expanded rules to cover 86% annotated positive examples, and improve the expectation precision from 51 % to 83%. These rules can be used to build an efficient rule-based Chinese MWC parser. 1
Influence of Spectral Sensitivity Functions on Color Demosaicing (2003)

Color images acquired through single chip digital cameras using a color filter array (CFA) contain a mixture of luminance and opponent chromatic information that share their representation in the spatial Fourier spectrum. This mixture could result in aliasing if the bandwidths of these signals are too wide and their spectra overlap. In such a case, reconstructing three-color per pixel images without error is impossible. One way to improve the reconstruction is to have sensitivity functions that are highly correlated, reducing the bandwidth of the opponent chromatic components. However, this diminishes the ability to reproduce colors accurately as noise is amplified when converting an image to the final color encoding. In this paper, we are looking for an optimum between accurate image reconstruction through demosaicing and accurate color rendering. We design a camera simulation, first using a hyperspectral model of random color images and a demosaicing algorithm based on frequency selection. We find that there is an optimum and confirm our results using a natural hyperspectral image.
COMFORM-a software maintenance method based on the software configuration management discipline (1992)

COMFORM (configuration management formalisation for maintenance), a method which provides guidelines and procedures for carrying out a variety of activities performed during the maintenance process, is discussed. The proposed method accommodates a change control framework around which the software configuration management discipline is applied. The aim is to exert control over an existing software system while simultaneously incrementally redocumenting it.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Modular multiplication without trial division (1985)

Let <inline-formula content-type="math/mathml"> <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="upper N greater-than 1"> <mml:semantics> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>N</mml:mi> <mml:mo>></mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> <mml:annotation encoding="application/x-tex">N > 1</mml:annotation> </mml:semantics> </mml:math> </inline-formula>. We present a method for multiplying two integers (called <italic>N-residues</italic>) modulo <italic>N</italic> while avoiding division by <italic>N</italic>. <italic>N</italic>-residues are represented in a nonstandard way, so this method is useful only if several computations are done modulo one <italic>N</italic>. The addition and subtraction algorithms are unchanged.
3D mapping using a ToF camera for self programming an industrial robot (2013)

Automated Offline Programing (AOLP) is a cost effective robot programming method. However, it relies on accurate CAD information of the work environment to perform optimally. Incorrect CAD data is a known source of error for AOLP systems. This paper introduces a new sensor based method of programming that extends the concept of AOLP. Using a ToF camera to map the environment, there is no reliance on CAD data. The problem of motion planning to efficiently map the environment is examined and changes to the motion planning algorithm are proposed and tested.
A Global and Agriculture Policy for Western Countries: Laying the Foundations (1982)

The food system of industrialized countries is characterised as being deficent in the areas of nourishment, fulfillment and sustainability. Improvements will require that these areas be recognized as dominant goals, even where they conflict with the more common goals of productivity, profit and power. Policy implications and methods of implementation of such changes are examined.
Energetic constraints on expression of carotenoid‐based plumage coloration (2000)

Carotenoid pigments are used by many bird species as feather colorants, creating brilliant yellow, orange, and red plumage displays. Such carotenoid‐based plumage coloration has been shown to function as an honest signal that is used in female mate choice. Despite recent interest in carotenoid‐based ornamental traits, the basis for individual variation in expression of carotenoid‐based plumage coloration remains incompletely understood. I tested the hypothesis that, independent of carotenoid access, food stress during molt would cause reduced expression of carotenoid pigmentation. I fed molting male House Finches Carpodacus mexicanus seed diets supplemented with either the red carotenoid pigment canthaxanthin or the yellow/orange carotenoid pigment β‐cryptoxanthin (in the form of tangerine juice). Within each diet treatment, one group of males was given restricted food access and the other group was given unrestricted food access. Carotenoid supplements were placed in water so carotenoid access was controlled independent of food access. The results indicated a strong effect of both carotenoid access and food access on color display. Some males in the β‐cryptoxanthin‐supplemented group grew red plumage, suggesting that they can metabolically modify yellow pigments into red pigments, but no bird supplemented with β‐cryptoxanthin grew plumage as red as birds supplemented with canthaxanthin. Males in the unrestricted food groups grew redder and more intensely pigmented plumage than males in the restricted food groups. These observations provide the best evidence to date of an energetic cost of carotenoid utilization in the generation of colorful plumage.
Convenient Detection of the Citrus Greening (Huanglongbing) Bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus’ by Direct PCR from the Midrib Extract (2013)

A phloem-limited bacterium, 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' (Las) is a major pathogen of citrus greening (huanglongbing), one of the most destructive citrus diseases worldwide. The rapid identification and culling of infected trees and budwoods in quarantine are the most important control measures. DNA amplification including conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has commonly been used for rapid detection and identification. However, long and laborious procedures for DNA extraction have greatly reduced the applicability of this method. In this study, we found that the Las bacterial cells in the midribs of infected leaves were extracted rapidly and easily by pulverization and centrifugation with mini homogenization tubes. We also found that the Las bacterial cells in the midrib extract were suitable for highly sensitive direct PCR. The performance of direct PCR using this extraction method was not inferior to that of conventional PCR. Thus, the direct PCR method described herein is characterized by its simplicity, sensitivity, and robustness, and is applicable to quarantine testing.
Notes from the field: Transmission of chikungunya virus in the continental United States--Florida, 2014. (2014)

On June 27, 2014, the Florida Department of Health in Miami-Dade County was notified by the Florida Poison Information Center Network of a patient with travel to Southeast Asia who was suspected of having chikungunya virus infection. After further investigation and additional testing, it was determined that the patient had not recently traveled to an endemic area, and this case was confirmed as the first locally acquired chikungunya case in the continental United States. Since the first case of locally acquired chikungunya virus infection in the Americas was reported on the Caribbean island of St. Martin in December 2013, the United States has seen an increase in chikungunya cases among travelers returning from areas where chikungunya has become endemic, particularly the Caribbean and South America. Compared with other states, Florida has seen an especially large number of chikungunya fever cases. During January 1-October 14, 2014, a total of 272 imported cases were reported in Florida, compared with 1,110 reported in the other 47 contiguous states. In addition, 11 locally acquired chikungunya cases have been identified. The recent spread of the virus and the presence of competent mosquito vectors provide the conditions for transmission of chikungunya virus in Florida.
Flood Forecasting GIS Water-Flow Visualization Enhancement (WaVE): A Case Study (2016)

Riverine flood event situation awareness and emergency management decision support systems require accurate and scalable geoanalytic data at the local level. This paper introduces the Water-flow Visualization Enhancement (WaVE), a new framework and toolset that integrates enhanced geospatial analytics visualization (common operating picture) and decision support modular tools. WaVE enables users to: 1) dynamically generate on-the-fly, highly granular and interactive geovisual real-time and predictive flood maps that can be scaled down to show discharge, inundation, water velocity, and ancillary geomorphology and hydrology data from the national level to regional and local level; 2) integrate data and model analysis results from multiple sources; 3) utilize machine learning correlation indexing to interpolate streamflow proxy estimates for non-functioning streamgages and extrapolate discharge estimates for ungaged streams; and 4) have time-scaled drill-down visualization of real-time and forecasted flood events. Four case studies were conducted to test and validate WaVE under diverse conditions at national, regional and local levels. Results from these case studies highlight some of WaVE’s inherent strengths, limitations, and the need for further development. WaVE has the potential for being utilized on a wider basis at the local level as data become available and models are validated for converting satellite images and data records from remote sensing technologies into accurate streamflow estimates and higher resolution digital elevation models.
Nearest Neighbor Analysis: Inferring Behavioral Processes From Spatial Patterns (1978)

<i>Epimedium Folium</i> (EF) is a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, and its primary bioactive ingredients, such as icariin, are flavonoid glycosides. A rare EF flavonoid, baohuoside I, exhibits superior bioactivities and enhanced bioavailability compared to its metabolic precursor icariin. The biotransformation of icariin to baohuoside I can be effectively and specifically achieved by β-glucosidases. In this study, 33 candidate full-length β-glucosidase genes were screened from a previously built carbohydrate active enzyme (CAZyme) gene dataset derived from cow fecal microbiota. Thirteen of them exhibited β-glucosidase activity, with DCF-bgl-26 and DCF-bgl-27 showing relatively high expression levels and β-glucosidase activity. The maximum β-glucosidase activity of DCF-bgl-26 and DCF-bgl-27 was achieved at 45 °C and pH 6.0, with DCF-bgl-26 demonstrating better thermostability and pH tolerance compared to DCF-bgl-27. The activities of DCF-bgl-26 and DCF-bgl-27 were 123.2 U/mg protein and 157.9 U/mg protein, respectively, both of which are higher than those of many bacterial β-glucosidases. Structure analysis suggested that both β-glucosidases possess canonical (β/α)<sub>8</sub>-TIM barrel fold structure of GH1 family β-glucosidases. Thin-layer chromatography results showed that both enzymes could efficiently convert icariin to baohuoside I in 30 min, indicating they have potential application in the production of high value rare baohuoside I.
The synthesis of kermesic acid and isokermesic acid derivatives and of related dihydroxyanthraquinones (1997)

Cochinellic anhydride methyl, ethyl and benzyl esters (4-methoxy-4-ethoxy- and 4-benzyloxy-carbonyl-5-hydroxy-3-methylphthalic anhydrides) have been prepared by a single stage Diels–Alder reaction of 2-bromomaleic anhydride with 3-alkoxycarbonyl-2,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)penta-1,3-dienes. The corresponding 5-methyl ether ethyl ester has been obtained by a similar addition reaction but with 3-ethoxycarbonyl-2-methoxy-4-trimethylsilyloxypenta-1,3-diene. The synthesis of methyl 6-deoxykermesate by the acylation of 1,4-dimethoxybenzene in the presence of boron trifluoride–diethyl ether with cochinellic anhydride methyl ester is unsuccessful. The preferred route is by the Diels–Alder addition of 3-alkoxycarbonyl-2,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)penta-1,3-dienes to naphthazarin (or 2-chloronaphthazarin). Lead tetraacetate oxidation of methyl 6-deoxykermesate affords a bis(quinone), Thiele acetoxylation of which gives after hydrolysis and permethylation, a mixture of derivatives of kermesic and isokermesic acids in equal proportions. The Diels–Alder addition of 3-chlorojuglone and 3-alkoxycarbonyl-2,4-bis(trimethylsilyloxy)penta-1,3-dienes has led to an improved synthesis of aloesaponarin-I (3,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxycarbonyl-1-methylanthra-9,10-quinone), while juglone itself affords an isomer which may be the 3,5-dihydroxy compound.
Greedy distributed optimization of multi-commodity flows (2007)

The multi-commodity flow problem is a classical combinatorial optimization problem that addresses a number of practically important issues of congestion and bandwidth management in connection-oriented network architectures.