gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Role of Proteinases in Cartilage Destruction (1991)

Most of the organic, extracellular matrix of articular cartilage consists of collagens and proteoglycans. Their degradation is initiated extra- or peri-cellularly by proteinases produced locally by cells in and around the joint. Although enzymes from all four classes of proteinases can degrade the cartilagenous matrix, serine proteinases, particularly plasmin, and various neutral metalloproteinases (NMPs) are likely to be the key enzymes in this process. Much attention has been paid to members of the latter group, which are synthesised both by the resident, mesenchymal cells of the joint and by various types of white blood cells which colonise it during inflammation. NMPs can be conveniently grouped into three classes, the collagenases, the stromelysins and the gelatinases. Two members are known for each class, with the recently identified "pump" (Putative Metalloproteinase) probably constituting a third member of the stromelysin group. Regulation of these enzymes is complex. Cells normally synthesise NMPs at low rates, but their production increases markedly following cellular activation by cytokines or certain other stimuli. Major control points for enzyme synthesis occur at the levels of transcription and the conversion of proenzyme to active enzyme; enzyme activity is further regulated through the action of inhibitors. Alpha-2 macroglobulin is the major systemic inhibitor, while a number of tissue inhibitors act as local regulators. These include at least two TIMPs and several IMPs. Pharmacologic manipulation of NMP activity holds promise as an approach to anti-erosive therapy in arthritis.
Edge Cloud Offloading Algorithms: Issues, Methods, and Perspectives (2018)

Mobile devices supporting the "Internet of Things" (IoT), often have limited capabilities in computation, battery energy, and storage space, especially to support resource-intensive applications involving virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), multimedia delivery and artificial intelligence (AI), which could require broad bandwidth, low response latency and large computational power. Edge cloud or edge computing is an emerging topic and technology that can tackle the deficiency of the currently centralized-only cloud computing model and move the computation and storage resource closer to the devices in support of the above-mentioned applications. To make this happen, efficient coordination mechanisms and "offloading" algorithms are needed to allow the mobile devices and the edge cloud to work together smoothly. In this survey paper, we investigate the key issues, methods, and various state-of-the-art efforts related to the offloading problem. We adopt a new characterizing model to study the whole process of offloading from mobile devices to the edge cloud. Through comprehensive discussions, we aim to draw an overall "big picture" on the existing efforts and research directions. Our study also indicates that the offloading algorithms in edge cloud have demonstrated profound potentials for future technology and application development.
Photopolymer Materials and Processes for Advanced Technologies (2013)

Photopolymers broadly comprise monomers, oligomers, polymers, or mixtures of the aforementioned materials that upon exposure to light undergo photochemical reactions that result in deep-seated changes in their structures which substantially modify their chemical and mechanical properties. Photopolymers may possess chromophores that provide for their intrinsic photosensitivity. Alternatively, other photosensitive molecules may be added that directly or indirectly interact with the photopolymer upon exposure to light to produce the desired property changes. Examples of various types of photopolymers will be presented in this article along with examples of their use in representative applications.
An Integrated 4-GHz Balanced Transistor Amplifier (1967)

This paper presents performance data and design information on a broadband 4-GHz balanced transistor amplifier being developed for possible use in microwave radio relay systems. The balanced stripline circuitry and passive components are integrally fabricated on a 1.5-inch-square alumina substrate using thin-film technology. A comprehensive description is presented of the circuit design, mechanical fabrication techniques, and long-term stability tests. Three-stage amplifiers give 15 dB of gain at 4 GHz with a 3-dB bandwidth of 1000 MHz. Input and output VSWR'S were below 1.05 with a noise figure of 7 dB. A mean time to failure of more than 10/sup 6/ hours has been indicated for a complete three-stage device by data obtained on accelerated component aging tests.
Role of integrative pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic optimization strategy in the management of Parkinson"s disease patients experiencing motor fluctuations with levodopa. (2002)

Parkinson's disease is a progressively debilitating motor neuron disease that affects the dopaminergic neurons within the nigral-striatal and surrounding pathways and which is characterized clinically by rigidity, resting tremor and bradykinesia with or without postural imbalance. Levodopa is the "gold standard" for the treatment and management of Parkinson's disease worldwide. However, following prolonged use of the drug, the "honey-moon" which was once enjoyed by patients on levodopa begins to wane. The clinical as well as the socio-economic costs associated with such failure in response to levodopa is enormous. Various approaches in the management of Parkinson's disease patients experiencing motor fluctuations with levodopa treatment have been suggested and include both pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic strategies involving invasive surgical intervention. Currently, the non-pharmacological approach, which is invasive, remains to be fully perfected and is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The use of the non-invasive, pharmacological approach is currently the most widely accepted approach but would require a review of all possible drug regimens used. This entails evaluating the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamic actions of the drug regimens used and possibly, dosage form and route of administration of the drugs. The use of levodopa formulated for transdermal or intranasal administration might help improve the ease of use and compliance. Controversy abounds as to the role of plasma pharmacokinetics of levodopa in the management of Parkinson's patients, vis a vis its dynamics at the central nerve terminal and its receptor site. However, it is worthy of mention that an integrated optimal pharmacological approach involving the peripheral, and central pharmacokinetics of levodopa as well as its central pharmacodynamics would ensure better treatment and management of this disease. In addition, the choice of alternate formulations and routes of administration will not only improve on the bioavailability and overall pharmacokinetics of levodopa, but also increase compliance. Furthermore, monitoring of both plasma and central concentrations of levodopa and its metabolites might play a major role in individualization of pharmacotherapy in special Parkinsonian patients experiencing motor fluctuations with levodopa.
Micro scanning probe array memory (2001)

The design for a new type of non-volatile mass storage memory is discussed. This new design, based on scanning probe techniques, combines the low volume and power consumption of the FlashRAM, with the high capacity of the hard disk. The small form factor of the device makes it an excellent candidate for mass storage in handheld embedded systems. Its hierarchical architecture allows us to make a trade-off between data-rate, access time and power consumption. The power consumption scales linearly with the desired data-rate, and is expected to be lower than what can be achieved with competing technologies.
Analysis of Interpolation Effects in the Reslicing of Functional MR Images (1997)

Interpolations using all of the tested methods adversely affected the fMRI data, although these effects differed for each method.
PHTHALIC ACID DERIVATIVES; CONSTITUTION AND COLOR, IX.<sup>1</sup> TETRAIODOEOSIN AND SOME OF ITS DERIVATIVES. (1918)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPHTHALIC ACID DERIVATIVES; CONSTITUTION AND COLOR, IX.1 TETRAIODOEOSIN AND SOME OF ITS DERIVATIVES.David S. Pratt and Arthur B. ColemanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1918, 40, 1, 245–249Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1918Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1918https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja02234a027https://doi.org/10.1021/ja02234a027research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views28Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Column Liquid Chromatography:  Equipment and Instrumentation (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVReviewNEXTColumn Liquid Chromatography: Equipment and InstrumentationWilliam R. LaCourseView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, Maryland 21250 Cite this: Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 12, 2813–2832Publication Date (Web):May 3, 2002Publication History Published online3 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 2002https://doi.org/10.1021/ac020220qCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1481Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (138 KB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Chromatography,Electrodes,High-performance liquid chromatography,Peptides and proteins,Silica Get e-Alerts
Carrier Mobility Spectra of Liquids Electrified by Bubbling (1938)

The mobility spectra produced by bubbling water and various aqueous solutions of salt, acid, base, sugar, and soap have been investigated with an Erikson mobility tube under conditions of high resolving power. Curves of current against mobility show that for water there are five distinct negative groups of carriers having mobilities 1.80, 0.95, 0.45, 0.32, and 0.20 cm/sec. per volt/cm. There are two definite positive groups at mobilities 1.0 and 0.40 (varying between 0.44 and 0.34). Few carriers are produced with mobilities less than 0.1. Depending on the size of the bubbling capillary, the ratio of the total amount of positive electrification to negative varies from one to three (small capillary) to one to one hundred (12 mm tubing). Addition of salts to water favors production of slow carriers at the expense of fast ones; the curves degenerate to continuous distributions of mobilities from mobilities roughly 0.5 to 0.01. Medium concentrations (${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ molal) produce more total electrification than distilled water, high concentrations (1 molal) less. With the addition of sugar to water, several groups of carriers appear whose mobilities lie between 0.1 and 0.001. There are large numbers of carriers in these groups, so that the total amount of electrification increases to about 12 times that for water. The use of air blasts of high humidity favors production of slow carriers, and gives heterogeneous spreads of mobilities. From new experiments on spraying water and salt solutions, some weak groups previously unobserved have been detected. Comparisons have been made between curves of bubbling and curves of spraying.
Mối quan hệ giữa các nền văn hóa, văn minh trong kỷ nguyên toàn cầu từ cách tiếp cận triết học (2012)

Bai viết neu bản chất của những mâu thuẫn giữa cac nền van hoa, van minh; sự khac nhau giữa ton giao va van minh; nguyen nhân của sự xung đột giữa cac ton giao, sắc tộc, giữa cac cộng đồng dân tộc, tac giả đa đi đến khẳng định rằng, sự phat triển của van hoa, van minh khong những khong lam sâu sắc them mâu thuẫn giữa cac cộng đồng xa hội, ma trai lại, con la điều kiện để cac dân tộc xich lại gần nhau hơn. Giải quyết mối quan hệ giữa cac nền van hoa, van minh trong bối cảnh toan cầu hoa đa trở thanh xu thế khach quan, tất yếu luon cần đến cach tiếp cận triết học, bởi chinh cach tiếp cận nay cho chứng ta thấy được cả mặt tich cực lẫn tieu cực của một qua trinh - tiếp thu những thanh tựu van hoa, van minh nhân loại, đồng thời giữ gin va phat huy bản sắc van hoa dân tộc
A Preclinical Study of Prostate Sentinel Lymph Node Mapping With [ <sup>99M</sup> TC]Diethylenetetramine Pentaacetic Acid-Mannosyl-Dextran (2006)

After prostate administration of Lymphoseek pelvic SLNs attain high signal-to-background ratios within 10 minutes. This property should permit intraoperative injection and SLN mapping without significantly adding to the duration of prostatectomy. A phase I clinical trial has been initiated, which will later incorporate minimally invasive techniques.
Equimolar CO2 capture by imidazolium-based ionic liquids and superbase systems (2010)

Imidazolium-based ionic liquids continue to attract interest in many areas of chemistry because of their low melting points, relatively low viscosities, ease of synthesis, and good stabilities against oxidative and reductive conditions. However, they are not totally inert under many conditions due to the intrinsic acidity of hydrogen at the C-2 position in the imidazolium cation. In this work, this intrinsic acidity was exploited in combination with an organic superbase for the capture of CO2 under atmospheric pressure. During the absorption of CO2, the imidazolium-based ionic liquid containing an equimolar superbase reacted with CO2 to form a liquid carboxylate salt so that the equimolar capture of CO2 with respect to the base was achieved. The effects of ionic liquid structures, types of organic superbases, absorption times, and reaction temperatures on the capture of CO2 were investigated. Our results show that this integrated ionic liquid–superbase system is capable of rapid and reversible capture of about 1 mol CO2 per mole of ionic liquid. Furthermore, the captured CO2 can be readily released by either heating or bubbling N2, and recycled with little loss of its capture capability. This efficient and reversible catch-and-release process using the weak acidity of the C-2 proton in nonvolatile imidazolium-based ionic liquids provides a good alternative to the current CO2 capture methods that use volatile alkanols, amines, or water.
Advances in Metal Chemistry of Quinonoid Compounds:  New Types of Interactions between Metals and Aromatics (2001)

This Account presents an overview of current research activities that focus on novel types of interactions between cationic transition metal complexes and arene systems and on unprecedented quinonoid complexes which result from such interactions. When a negatively charged phenoxy group is present in a position para to the metal in a high oxidation state, intramolecular charge transfer occurs, giving the corresponding metallaquinones or quinone methide complexes. In addition, two types of interactions involving low-valent metal compounds have been observed: methylene arenium complexes which result from positive charge transfer to the aromatic ring and sigma-bonded C-H and C-C agostic complexes of cationic metals. These sigma-complexes are proposed as intermediates in metal-based bond activation processes.
[Detection, localization and modulation of hyaluronic acid/CD44 receptor expression in patients with endocrine orbitopathy]. (1993)

Accumulation of hyaluronic acid within the orbital tissues represents a histological hallmark of Graves' ophthalmopathy. The hyaluronic acid/CD44-receptor plays a key role in the binding and metabolism of hyaluronic acid, and affects numerous cellular functions of potential relevance to the pathogenesis of Graves' ophthalmopathy, including cell proliferation, migration, and adhesive interactions between connective tissue components and immunocompetent cells. Using a highly sensitive immunoperoxidase technique and monoclonal antibodies directed against the standard CD44 molecule, we examined the expression and modulation of hyaluronic acid/CD44 receptors in cryostat sections of orbital biopsy specimens derived from patients with severe Graves' ophthalmopathy and normal individuals. Modulation of CD44 by cytokines and affinity-purified IgGs derived from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy was studied in extracts of fibroblast monolayers following stimulation in vitro, using SDS-polyacrylamid gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting. Strong immunoreactivity for CD44 was present in all specimens derived from patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and was detected in fibroblasts residing in retroorbital connective tissue, in extracellular matrix components and in mononuclear cell infiltrates. By contrast, in normal orbital specimens, CD44 immunoreactivity was faint and present only in occasional connective tissue cells. Recombinant IL-1 alpha, TNF alpha, IGF-1 and GO-IgGs significantly stimulated CD44 expression in Graves' retroocular fibroblasts (range: 168 to 588%; all p < 0.05). By contrast, EGF, IL-6, control IgGs and 15% fetal calf serum failed to alter CD44 expression. Treatment of monolayers with IFN gamma resulted in weak inhibition of CD44 expression. In conclusion, the hyaluronic acid/CD44 receptor is expressed at elevated levels in Graves' orbital connective tissue in situ.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cold cathode rf guns based study on field emission (2013)

Recently cold cathodes based on field emission have drawn attention and been considered to drive accelerators and free electron lasers, due to the progress in field emitter arrays and planar emitters like diamond films. In this paper, we reviewed the characteristics of field emission in rf fields. Simulations of S-band rf guns consisting of a cathode cell and a full cell were done. We showed that a shorter cathode cell with a length of 0.25--0.3 of $\ensuremath{\lambda}/2$ is in favor of obtaining both low emittance and low energy spread bunches when the amplitude of electric field on the cathode surface ranges from 60 to $80\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{MV}/\mathrm{m}$. A single cell test cavity has been installed to study field emission of diamond films and the measured beam current showed a good agreement with theoretical calculations.
Second-screening mammography: one versus two views per breast. (1988)

To compare the advantages of one-view versus two-view second-screening (follow-up) mammography, oblique and craniocaudal projection mammograms from 1,000 consecutive asymptomatic women who had prior normal baseline studies were reviewed retrospectively, first with only the oblique images, then with the oblique and craniocaudal views. In women with dense breasts, one-view (oblique only) readings resulted in abnormal interpretations four times more frequently (53 cases, 5.3%) than two-view readings (13 cases, 1.3%). The induced cost from these abnormal interpretations would have more than offset the small savings in operating expense associated with one-view screening. In contrast, four times fewer abnormal one-view interpretations (13 cases, 1.3%) were made in women with primarily fatty breasts, in whom superimposition of dense tissue on images is not as frequently a problem. In these women, considering only cost, it may be reasonable to obtain a single mediolateral oblique projection for follow-up screening mammography. However, the issue of whether to implement such an approach remains unresolved, because the sensitivity of one-view versus two-view second screening in the detection of breast cancer has not yet been determined.
Hydrophilic Domains of Scaffolding Protein CbpA Promote Glycosyl Hydrolase Activity and Localization of Cellulosomes to the Cell Surface of <i>Clostridium cellulovorans</i> (2004)

CbpA, the scaffolding protein of Clostridium cellulovorans cellulosomes, possesses one family 3 cellulose binding domain, nine cohesin domains, and four hydrophilic domains (HLDs). Among the three types of domains, the function of the HLDs is still unknown. We proposed previously that the HLDs of CbpA play a role in attaching the cellulosome to the cell surface, since they showed some homology to the surface layer homology domains of EngE. Several recombinant proteins with HLDs (rHLDs) and recombinant EngE (rEngE) were examined to determine their binding to the C. cellulovorans cell wall fraction. Tandemly linked rHLDs showed higher affinity for the cell wall than individual rHLDs showed. EngE was shown to have a higher affinity for cell walls than rHLDs have. C. cellulovorans native cellulosomes were found to have higher affinity for cell walls than rHLDs have. When immunoblot analysis was carried out with the native cellulosome fraction bound to cell wall fragments, the presence of EngE was also confirmed, suggesting that the mechanism anchoring CbpA to the C. cellulovorans cell surface was mediated through EngE and that the HLDs play a secondary role in the attachment of the cellulosome to the cell surface. During a study of the role of HLDs on cellulose degradation, the mini-cellulosome complexes with HLDs degraded cellulose more efficiently than complexes without HLDs degraded cellulose. The rHLDs also showed binding affinity for crystalline cellulose and carboxymethyl cellulose. These results suggest that the CbpA HLDs play a major role and a minor role in C. cellulovorans cellulosomes. The primary role increases cellulose degradation activity by binding the cellulosome complex to the cellulose substrate; secondarily, HLDs aid the binding of the CbpA/cellulosome to the C. cellulovorans cell surface.
The cache architecture of the Apollo DN4000 (1988)

The authors examine the cache architecture of the Apollo DN4000 workstation, which utilizes a virtual cache to provide a cost-effective approach to high-performance computing. Of particular interest is how the use of a virtually tagged, write-through cache made it possible to use a low-cost, off-the-shelf MMU (memory-management unit) and resulted in inclusion of a virtual write buffer. This architecture enables the processor to execute zero wait-state memory reads and writes. It is shown how the way that objects are accessed in Apollo's system led to a write-allocate cache update policy to solve the virtual address synonym problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>