gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Confirmation of Three Redshift [CLC][ITAL]z[/ITAL][/CLC] ≈ 5.7 L[CLC]y[/CLC]α Emitters from the Large-Area Lyman Alpha Survey (2003)

Narrow-band searches for Lyman alpha emission are an efficient way of identifying star-forming galaxies at high redshifts. We present Keck telescope spectra confirming redshifts z = 5.7 for three objects discovered in the Large Area Lyman Alpha (LALA) survey at Kitt Peak National Observatory. All three spectra show strong, narrow emission lines with the asymmetric profile that is characteristically produced in high redshift Lyman alpha emitters by preferential HI absorption in the blue wing of the line. These objects are undetected in deep Bw, V, R, and 6600A narrow-band images from the NOAO Deep Wide-Field Survey and from LALA, as expected from Lyman break and Lyman alpha forest absorption at redshift z = 5.7. All three objects show large equivalent widths (>= 150A in the rest-frame), suggesting at least one of the following: a top-heavy initial mass function, very low stellar metallicity, or the presence of an active nucleus. We consider the case for an active nucleus to be weak in all three objects due to the limited width of the Lyman alpha emission line (< 500 km/s) and the absence of any other indicator of quasar activity. The three confirmed high redshift objects were among four spectroscopically observed targets drawn from the sample of 18 candidates presented by Rhoads and Malhotra (2001). Thus, these spectra support the Lyman alpha emitter population statistics from our earlier photometric study, which imply little evolution in number density from z=5.7 to z=4.5 and provide strong evidence that the reionization redshift is greater than 5.7.
Label-free electrical detection of DNA hybridization using carbon nanotubes and graphene (2010)

The interface between biosystems and nanomaterials is emerging for detection of various biomolecules and subtle cellular activities. In particular, the development of cost-effective and sequence-selective DNA detection is urgent for the diagnosis of genetic or pathogenic diseases. Graphene-based nanocarbon materials, such as carbon nanotubes and thin graphene layers, have been employed as biosensors because they are biocompatible, extraordinarily sensitive, and promising for large-area detection. Electrical and label-free detection of DNA can be achieved by monitoring the conductance change of devices fabricated from these carbon materials. Here, the recent advances in this research area are briefly reviewed. The key issues and perspectives of future development are also discussed.
A proposal for classifying peristomal skin disorders: results of a multicenter observational study. (2007)

The challenges of caring for abdominal ostomy disorders have grown over the years. Because the literature shows no evidence of a tool to classify peristomal skin disorders, a study group comprised of seven enterostomal therapy nurses and four surgeons sought to provide an objective, reproducible, standardized classification instrument. A prospective, observational study was conducted among eight ostomy centers across Italy. The 339 patient participants (272 men, 67 women, average age 63 [25 to 85] years) were divided into two groups according to onset of complications (less than or greater than 1 year); 800 digital photographs were taken to enhance observation and blood samples were drawn for additional data. From the data obtained, a classification scheme was created and subsequently tested using four non-study group experts. The resulting instrument facilitated lesion interpretation and detection, including topography. Thus far, this is the first validated classification attempt not based on assessments of lesions attributable to entirely different etiopathogenetic factors. Further research to refine the tool and to correlate the additional data obtained from blood samples with the classification system is underway.
Zooarchaeology in British Columbia (Part 1) (1995)

This article is an abridged version of in published in BC Studies no.99, Autumn 1993, p.77-105. This is the second of two parts with Part 1 published in Canadian Zooarchaeology in the Spring 1995 issue (#7).
Antisense Phosphorothioate Oligonucleotide Inhibits Interleukin 1β Production in the Human Macrophage-Like Cell Line, U937 (1996)

To find more efficacious therapeutic possibilities for treatment of inflammatory disease, we studied the effects of antisense oligonucleotides on interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta) production of the human macrophage-like U937 cells. U937 cells were incubated with several kinds of oligonucleotides. Total human IL-1 beta production was determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. An antisense phosphorothioate oligonucleotide (S-oligo), complementary to the sequence, including initiation codon of the IL-1 beta gene, inhibited IL-1 beta production in a dose-dependent and sequence-specific manner. The effect of the antisense S-oligo was neutralized by mixing with a sense but not with a scramble S-oligo. Cellular uptake of S-oligo scanned with a laser confocal imaging system was time and temperature dependent, and its intracellular distribution was mainly to the cytosols in U937 cells. Human IL-1 beta antisense S-oligo inhibited IL-1 beta production of U937 cells, suggesting a potential to reduce some kinds of inflammatory processes.
32-bit VLSI system (1983)

The design of a fully integrated 32-bit VLSI multiprocessor is outlined. Since this is a high performance design implemented in MOS technology, special system and circuit design tradeoffs have been made to preserve high throughput. These include special packaging, clock generation and system protocols. 2 references.
Intelligent mobile system (2003)

The principle objective of this project is to develop an intelligent driving system that is capable of performing: a) visual perception and interaction, b) vehicular motion control and c) intelligent navigation.
Process-product studies on pyrolysis oil upgrading by hydrotreatment with Ru/C catalysts (2008)

The hydrotreating of pyrolysis oil at different severities was studied in bench scale continuous packed bed reactors, addressing oxygen content, water content, average molecular weight and the tendency of coking of the products obtained. Hydrotreatment of pyrolysis oil at different severities in bench scale continuous packed bed reactors was carried out. The oxygen content of the organic phase reduced proportionally with the severity. During mild hydrotreatment and two-stage hydrotreatment, hydrogenation occurred faster than polymerization. A clear relation between molecular weight and TGA residue of the products was observed, implying that higher molecular weight fragments are precursors for coke formation. This is an abstract of a paper presented at the 2009 AIChE Spring National Meeting and 5th Global Congress on Process Safety (Tampa, FL 4/26-30/2009).
Theiler's Virus-Induced Demyelination: Prevention by Immunosuppression (1976)

The effect of immunosuppression with cyclophosphamide and rabbit antiserum to mouse thymocytes on demyelination induced by Theiler's virus in SJL/J mice was ascertained from Epon-embedded sections (1 micrometer) of the central nervous system. Immunosuppression not only eliminated mononuclear cell infiltrates in the spinal cord white matter, but it also prevented the occurrence of demyelination. These results suggest that demyelination in this infection is immune-mediated.
Purification and Characterization of Norcoclaurine Synthase (2002)

Norcoclaurine synthase (NCS; EC ) catalyzes the condensation of dopamine and 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldehyde (4-HPAA) as the first committed step in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis in plants. NCS was purified 1590-fold to homogeneity from cell suspension cultures of meadow rue (Thalictrum flavum ssp. glaucum). The purification procedure, which resulted in a 4.2% yield, involved hydrophobic interaction, anion exchange, hydroxyapatite, and gel filtration chromatography. Purified NCS displayed native and denatured molecular masses of approximately 28 and 15 kDa, respectively, suggesting that the enzyme is composed of two subunits. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed two major and two minor isoforms with pI values between 5.5 and 6.2. NCS activity was maximal at pH 6.5 to 7.0 and temperatures between 42 and 55 degrees C and was not affected by divalent cations. The enzyme showed hyperbolic saturation kinetics for 4-HPAA (K(m) = 335 microm) but sigmoidal saturation kinetics for dopamine (Hill coefficient = 1.8) suggesting cooperativity between the dopamine binding sites on each subunit; thus, NCS might play a regulatory, or rate-limiting, role in controlling the rate of pathway flux in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis. Product inhibition kinetics performed at saturating levels of one substrate and with norlaudanosoline as the inhibitor showed that NCS follows an iso-ordered bi-uni mechanism with 4-HPAA binding before dopamine. NCS activity was highest in soluble protein extracts from roots followed by stems, leaves, and flower buds.
When and How to Use PARP Inhibitors in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of the Literature with an Update on On-Going Trials (2020)

The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors olaparib and rucaparib are now approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Here, we reviewed the literature and proceedings from meeting presentations and published papers relevant to the use of PARP inhibitors in the treatment of prostate cancer. Testing methods for detecting homologous recombination repair gene mutations, as diagnostic tools to help identify patients most likely to benefit from PARP inhibitor treatment, are also discussed.
Tracking of human activities using shape-encoded particle propagation (2002)

We present an approach to tracking human activities in a monocular video. We model the human body by decomposing it into torso and limbs and use simple 3D shapes to approximate them. The limb motions are parametrized by the relative joint angles. The problems of motion tracking and estimation are posed as nonlinear state estimation problems. The measurements are computed using the outputs of 3D shape-encoded filters which extract the boundary gradient information of the body image. The uncertainties of body pose are propagated by a branching particle system. We first sample a set of particles approximating the initial distribution of the state vector conditioned on observations, where each particle encodes the body pose. The posterior density is realized by the weight of the particle, where the weight represents geometric and temporal fit, and computed bottom-up from the raw image using a shape-encoded filter. The particles branch so that the mean number of offspring is proportional to the weight. Applications to both synthetic and real video sequences show the effectiveness of this approach.
Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Quorum Sensing Modulators (2013)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen associated with the majority of hospital-acquired infections and lung infections in cystic fibrosis. P. aeruginosa uses an intercellular communication process termed quorum sensing to control formation of a drug-resistant biofilm and generation of virulence factors. The system is driven by small signaling molecules, usually N-acylated homoserine lactones (AHLs). In the search for new treatment methods for biofilm infections the quorum sensing system has emerged as an attractive target. Recent advances in this area have proved that it is possible to intercept the communication system by synthetic non-native ligands and thereby lower the pathogenesis and antibiotic tolerance of a bacterial biofilm. To identify new ligands with quorum sensing modulating activities, three types of AHL analogs were synthesized using different synthetic strategies. The effect of replacing the acyl chain of the natural AHL ligand with a dipeptide was investigated. An in silico screening of N-dipeptido homoserine lactones against the protein responsible for the control of quorum sensing in P. aeruginosa identified a number of hits. The best hits were synthesized using a solid-phase strategy. Another library in which the amide bond was replaced with a triazole unit was synthesized by means of the copper- and ruthenium-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions. Finally, the synthesis of compounds with biaryl functionalities in the position of the acyl chain was carried out. Overall, 17 compounds were identified as quorum sensing activators with EC50 values in the low micromolar range. Two build/couple/pair strategies for the synthesis of structurally diverse small molecules are presented. In the first strategy, the Petasis 3-component reaction (Petasis 3-CR) of hydrazides is applied in the coupling of functionalized building blocks. Diversification by functional group pairing was envisioned to provide a diverse range of cyclized products. Triphosgene mediated carbonylative stiching of the 1,2-hydrazido alcohol from the Petasis 3-CR afforded a mixture of oxazolidinone and oxadiazolone products. Optimization afforded a method for the selective synthesis of either oxazolidinones or oxadiazolones and a small compound library was synthesized. Ring-closing metathesis of Abstract iv appropriately situated alkene moieties incorporated in the Petasis 3-CR products yielded five different cyclized products. In the second strategy, a number of alkyne- and azidecontaing amino acid-derivatives were coupled and macrocyclic peptidomimetics were obtained after intramolecular ruthenium-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloadditions.
Effect of polymeric additives on properties of glass–bisphenol A dicyanate laminate composites (2000)

The polycyanurate network matrix derived from the thermal, dibutyl tin dilaurate catalyzed polymerization of bisphenol A dicyanate was modified in their glass–laminate composites with different linear polymeric additives bearing pendant phenol, cyanate, and epoxy functions. The mechanical properties and fracture energy for delamination of the glass–laminate composites were estimated as functions of the backbone structure and concentration of the various additives. The effect of altering the nature or concentration of the functional group for a given backbone structure of the additive was examined in some cases. Except for the epoxy functional acrylic polymer, all other systems adversely affected the fracture energy for delamination of the composites due to either plasticization or embrittlement of the matrix. With the exception of the styrene-hydroxyphenyl maleimide (SPM) copolymer, the other modifiers impaired the mechanical properties and adversely affected the thermomechanical profile of the composites. In the cases of the phenol functional acrylic polymer and its cyanate derivative, plasticization of the matrix by the partly phase-separated additive, which eased the fiber debonding, appears to be responsible for the impairment of the mechanical properties. The high glass transition temperature SPM copolymer enhanced the resin–reinforcement interaction through dipolar interactions induced by the hydroxyl groups, which resulted in amelioration of the mechanical properties. However, its possible coreaction and formation of a brittle, homogeneous phase with the polycyanurate was conducive for poor damage tolerance. The SEM analysis of the fractured composites showed that in the elastomers fiber debonding is the major cause for delamination. Although the presence of SPM led to a stronger interphase, failure occurred either in the brittle matrix or through fiber breakage. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 77: 75–88, 2000
On the Rank of a Tropical Matrix (2005)

This is a foundational paper in tropical linear algebra, which is linear algebra over the min-plus semiring. We introduce and compare three natural definitions of the rank of a matrix, called the Barvinok rank, the Kapranov rank and the tropical rank. We demonstrate how these notions arise naturally in polyhedral and algebraic geometry, and we show that they differ in general. Realizability of matroids plays a crucial role here. Connections to optimization are also discussed.
Clinical TMD, pain‐related disability and psychological status of TMD patients (2002)

This study investigated the clinical temporomandibular disorders (TMD), pain-related disability and psychological status of TMD patients using a computerized on-line TMD diagnostic system (NUS TMD v1.1). A total of 107 patients (32 male, 75 female) referred to the TMD clinics at the National Dental Centre and National University Hospital participated in this study. The mean age of the predominantly Chinese population (82.2%) was 30.8 years (range from 12 to 64 years). The history questionnaire and clinical examination were input directly into computers by patients and clinicians. A 'Summary of Findings' was then immediately generated by the program based on Axis I and II rules. The data was subsequently exported to SPSS for statistical analysis. About 20.6% of the patients had myofascial pain but only 7.5% experienced limited mandibular opening associated with myofascial pain. The majority of patients (> 80%) did not suffer from disc displacements (right and left joints). The frequency of arthralgia was also low (right joint 8.4%; left joint 7.5%) and only one patient had osteoarthosis of the TMJ. About 78.5% of the patients had low disability with almost equal distribution between low and high intensity pain, 27.1% of the patients were moderately depressed and 11.2% had severe depression. No significant difference in limitations related mandibular functioning scores was observed between normal/depressed patients and between patients with the different graded chronic pain severity classification. The three most frequent jaw disabilities were: eating hard foods (77.6%), yawning (75.7%) and chewing (64.5%). NUS TMD v1.1 is an extremely useful tool in the diagnosis/research of clinical TMD.
Highly integrated electric drives for automotive application (2015)

Aerospace development needs an optimum in weight and volume reduction. In addition there is a high research potential on vehicle energy concepts and alternative energy converters by using synergies from aerospace research [1]. The understanding of the system behavior leads to the development of several concepts of electric drives which combine more than one function in a single technical component. The paper describes three examples of highly integrated electric drive concepts which can be used in next generation cars. The concepts are partly based on international cooperation and also on individual investigation work.
Binding properties of solubilized gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor: role of carboxylic groups (1987)

The interaction of 125I-buserelin, a superactive agonist of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), with solubilized GnRH receptor was studied. The highest specific binding of 125I-buserelin to solubilized GnRH receptor is evident at 4 degrees C, and equilibrium is reached after 2 h of incubation. The soluble receptor retained 100% of the original binding activity when kept at 4 or 22 degrees C for 60 min. Mono- and divalent cations inhibited, in a concentration-dependent manner, the binding of 125I-buserelin to solubilized GnRH receptor. Monovalent cations require higher concentrations than divalent cations to inhibit the binding. Since the order of potency within the divalent cations was identical with that of their association constants to dicarboxylic compounds, it is suggested that there are at least two carboxylic groups of the receptor that participate in the binding of the hormone. The carboxyl groups of sialic acid residues are not absolutely required for GnRH binding since the binding of 125I-buserelin to solubilized GnRH receptor was only slightly affected by pretreatment with neuraminidase and wheat germ agglutinin. The finding that polylysines stimulate luteinizing hormone (LH) release from pituitary cell cultures with the same efficacy as GnRH suggests that simple charge interactions can induce LH release. According to these results, we propose that the driving force for the formation of the hormone-receptor complex is an ionic interaction between the positively charged amino acid arginine in position 8 and the carboxyl groups in the binding site.
Using material data in static hazard assessment (1992)

Abstract Minimum ignition energy (MIE) test methods for gases, liquid mists and dust suspensions are reviewed. A compilation of gas MIEs is given and applications described both in assessing static ignition risks for flammable liquids and the basic requirements for static grounding. The relevance of liquid electrical properties is discussed and a large compilation provided. MIE interpretation problems are discussed with emphasis on dust suspensions.
Preclinical evaluation of M30 and M65 ELISAs as biomarkers of drug induced tumor cell death and antitumor activity (2008)

M30 and M65 are ELISAs that detect different circulating forms of cytokeratin 18. Using the aurora kinase inhibitor AZD1152 and the SW620 human colon cancer xenograft, experiments were conducted to qualify preclinically both assays as serologic biomarkers of cell death. Using two different apoptotic markers, the kinetics of cell death induced by AZD1152 was first characterized in vitro in three different cell lines and shown to peak 5 to 7 days after drug addition. Treatment of non-tumor-bearing rats with AZD1152 (25 mg/kg) produced no alterations in circulating baseline values of M30 and M65 antigens. In treated, tumor-bearing animals, M30 detected a 2- to 3-fold (P < 0.05) increase in plasma antigen levels by day 5 compared with controls. This correlated to a 3-fold increase in the number of apoptotic cells detected on day 5 in SW620 xenografts using immunohistochemistry. By contrast, M65 did not detect a drug-induced increase in circulating antigen levels at day 5. However, M65 plasma levels correlated to changes in tumor growth in control animals (r(2) = 0.93; P < 0.01) and also followed the magnitude of the temporal effect of AZD1152 on tumor growth. An intermediate but active dose of AZD1152 (12.5 mg/kg) produced a less significant increase in M30 plasma levels at day 5. It was also confirmed that the plasma profiles of M30 and M65 mirrored closely those measured in whole tumor lysates. We conclude that M30 is a pharmacodynamic biomarker of AZD1152-induced apoptosis in the SW620 xenograft model, whereas M65 is a biomarker of therapeutic response.
Reexamination of the Effect of Endotoxin on Cell Proliferation and Transfection Efficiency (2000)

Plasmid DNA purified from bacterial cells can be contaminated with endotoxin to different extents, depending on the purification method. Earlier reports indicate that endotoxin can decrease transfection efficiency in many eukaryotic cell lines; however, the amount of endotoxin required for inhibition is unclear. We determined endotoxin effects in several cell lines and observed that endotoxin levels greater than or equal to 10,000 endotoxin units (EU) were needed to significantly affect cell proliferation and viability; levels greater than 2000 EU/mu g DNA were required to significantly inhibit transfection for all but one (Huh-7) of the cell lines tested. These endotoxin levels are significantly higher than endotoxin contamination in plasmid DNA purified by anion exchange, CsCl2 gradient and endotoxin-free purification technology, but not as high as a crude alkaline lysis preparatory method. Plasmid DNA prepared using anion exchange technology was comparable to endotoxin-free technology in terms of transfection efficiency. Even Huh-7 cells, which are markedly more sensitive to endotoxins, have comparable transfection efficiencies using plasmid DNA purified by either of these two methods. We conclude that for those cell lines commonly used for transfection studies, endotoxin-free, quality DNA is not necessary because significantly higher levels of bacterial endotoxins are required to inhibit either cell proliferation or transfection.