gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A small calculus for concurrent objects (1991)

This brief paper introduces a small anonymous formal system representing the core theory of concurrent object-based computing. Milner's &pi;-calculus is its underlying formalism, but the original calculus is reinterpreted and reformulated to become a simple and powerful expression of concurrent object-based computing. We briefly describe its underlying computational framework, its syntax, transition rules, semantic equivalence, and its special properties concerning "naming", which makes this calculus unique among various concurrency formalisms.
Constructive Microlithography: Electrochemical Printing of Monolayer Template Patterns Extends Constructive Nanolithography to the Micrometer−Millimeter Dimension Range (2003)

Micrometer-scale patterns consisting of water-wetted hydrophilic features on the surface of a rigid metallic object (stamp) are successfully transferred to the hydrophobic surface of a highly ordered organosilane monolayer self-assembled on silicon upon the application of an appropriate voltage bias between the stamp and the silicon wafer substrate while the two are pressed against one another. The monolayer imprint is the result of a water bridge-mediated electrochemical oxidation process selectively converting surface exposed −CH3 groups of the monolayer to −COOH. This novel electrochemical printing process, analogous to the monolayer pattern inscription with a conductive scanning probe tip underlying constructive nanolithography (Maoz, R.; Cohen, S. R.; Sagiv, J. Adv. Mater. 1999, 11, 55−61. Maoz, R.; Frydman, E.; Cohen, S. R.; Sagiv, J. Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, 424−429. Maoz, R.; Frydman, E.; Cohen, S. R.; Sagiv, J. Adv. Mater. 2000, 12, 725−731.), paves the way to the possible advancement of a “bottom-up” nano−micro fabrication methodology applicable within the entire nanometer−millimeter dimension range.
Improvement in function after valgus bracing of the knee (2000)

The use of a valgus brace can effectively relieve the symptoms of unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee. This study provides an objective measurement of function by analysis of gait symmetry. This was measured in 30 patients on four separate occasions: immediately before and after initial fitting and then again at three months with the brace on and off. All patients reported immediate symptomatic improvement with less pain on walking. After fitting the brace, symmetry indices of stance and the swing phase of gait showed a consistent and immediate improvement at 0 and 3 months, respectively, of 3.92% (p = 0.030) and 3.40% (p = 0.025) in the stance phase and 11.78% (p = 0.020) and 9.58% (p = 0.005) in the swing phase. This was confirmed by a significant improvement at three months in the mean Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) knee score from 69.9 to 82.0 (p < 0.001). Thus, wearing a valgus brace gives a significant and immediate improvement in the function of patients with unicompartmental osteoarthritis of the knee, as measured by analysis of gait symmetry.
Method for Coating Filter Media with Synthetic Manganese Oxide (1997)

A method was developed to coat anthracite and sand filter media with synthetic manganese oxides. The two-stage method used a stirred tank reactor followed by a recirculating flow fixed-bed reactor. Treated anthracite developed encapsulating coatings of manganese oxides up to 30-μm thick, at loadings over 4 mg/g−1 extractable Mn2+. Media were characterized by BET surface area analysis and electron microscopy. Laboratory-scale column tests confirmed the efficient Mn-removal capability of the synthetically coated media in adsorption and oxidation modes. This method may help improve the removal of Mn2+ from drinking water and hazardous effluents by filtration with oxide-coated media.
Generic Programming of Reusable, High Performance Container Types using Automatic Type Hierarchy Inference and Bidirectional Antichain Typing (2011)

We introduce a new compile-time notion of type subsumption based on type simulation. We show how to apply this static subsumption relation to support a more intuitive, object oriented approach to generic programming of reusable, high performance container types. As a first step towards an efficient implementation of the resulting type system in a compiler we present a novel algorithm for bidirectional type inference over arbitrary syntax graphs. The algorithm uses the new static type subsumption relation to compress the data that has to be stored for each node in the typeflow graph. During typeflow analysis this means that the set of types for a given node can be symbolically represented using antichains instead of using bitvectors or some other explicit set representation. This results in a typing algorithm that is both flexible and precise and shows good performance on representative instances.
Theory of semidefinite programming for sensor network localization (2005)

We analyze the semidefinite programming (SDP) based model and method for the position estimation problem in sensor network localization and other Euclidean distance geometry applications. We use SDP duality and interior-point algorithm theories to prove that the SDP localizes any network or graph that has unique sensor positions to fit given distance measures. Therefore, we show, for the first time, that these networks can be localized in polynomial time. We also give a simple and efficient criterion for checking whether a given instance of the localization problem has a unique realization in R2 using graph rigidity theory. Finally, we introduce a notion called strong localizability and show that the SDP model will identify all strongly localizable subnetworks in the input network.
Influences of altered phytohormone use on endogenous ABA and mRNA populations during white spruce (Picea glauca) somatic embryo culture (1997)

We examined endogenous abscisic acid [(+)-ABA] amounts and mRNA populations in white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss) somatic embryos in liquid suspension culture during a pretreatment prior to induction of maturation with exogenous (+)-ABA. The pretreatment consisted of removal of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) from the multiplication medium for 7 days. The removal of 2,4-D resulted in a slight increase in endogenous ABA in pretreated tissues compared to nonpretreated tissues at the end of the 7-day pretreatment period (42.4 versus 20.0 pg mg(-1) lyophilized tissue). Altered gene expression patterns were observed as early as one day after the start of the pretreatment, with more than 17 new polypeptides found in pretreated tissues. The influence of pretreatment continued to be observed after tissues were transferred to ABA-containing maturation medium. By comparing mRNA populations in pretreated and nonpretreated tissues cultured on either ABA-containing or ABA-free maturation medium, at least 12 mRNAs were observed to be induced by ABA, among which three polypeptides were ABA inducible only in pretreated tissues.
New Matrices with Good Auto and Cross-Correlation (2006)

Large sets of matrices with good auto and cross-correlation are rare. We present two such constructions, a method of extending family size by column multiplication and a method of extending physical size by interlacing. These matrices can be applied to digital watermarking of images.
High-pressure optical study of HfW<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> (2002)

A high-pressure optical absorption study and Raman and infrared spectroscopy are carried out on hafnium tungstate (HfW2O8) at room temperature. The band gap decreases rapidly with pressure until similar to9 GPa is reached, increases between 9 and 16 GPa, and slowly decreases with pressure from 16 to 47 GPa. The changes under pressure of the vibrational modes have been studied, and an estimate of the thermal expansion coefficient has been calculated,and found to be in reasonable agreement with the measured value. The alpha-gamma phase transition can be observed via Raman and infrared spectroscopy. Around 2 GPa, HfW2O8 undergoes an irreversible transition from the gamma-phase to an amorphous structure.
Control of photoperiod-regulated tuberization in potato by the <i>Arabidopsis</i> flowering-time gene <i>CONSTANS</i> (2002)

Photoperiod controls several responses throughout the plant life cycle, like germination, flowering, tuber formation, onset of bud dormancy, leaf abscission, and cambium activity. From these processes, flowering has been most extensively studied, especially in Arabidopsis thaliana. Photoperiod sensing by the function of photoreceptors and the circadian clock appears to regulate flowering time via Arabidopsis CONSTANS (AtCO), a putative transcription factor that accelerates flowering in response to long days. The genetic factors controlling plant photoperiodic responses other than flowering are little known. However, interspecific grafting experiments demonstrated that the flower-inducing (florigen) and tuber- inducing (tuberigen) signals are functionally exchangeable. Here we show that constitutive overexpression in potato of the Arabidopsis flowering-time gene AtCO impairs tuberization under short-day inductive conditions; AtCO overexpressing lines require prolonged exposure to short days to form tubers. Grafting experiments using these lines indicated that AtCO exerts its inhibitory effect on tuber formation by acting in the leaves. We propose that a conserved photoperiodic functional module may be involved in controlling distinct photoperiod-regulated evocation responses in different species. This module would involve the action of CONSTANS in the production of the elusive and long-distance acting florigen-tuberigen signal(s) in the leaves.
Generalized parameter space diagrams for all liquid crystal displays (2003)

A generalized parameter space (PS) is presented where all the nematic liquid crystal display modes can be depicted. Normal ECB, TN, STN, OMI, etc. modes can be located in the static or zero volt PS. The contrast ratio can also be shown on the dynamic PS when the on and off voltages are defined. The parameter space can be obtained for both transmittive and reflective LCD. The addition of a retardation film can also be incorporated. In the chromatic parameter space, the dispersion of the various operating modes can be indicated as well.
Synthesis of high specific activity tritium labelled 1<i>S</i>,2<i>S</i>‐(‐)‐<i>trans</i>‐2‐isothiocyanato‐N‐methyl‐N‐[2‐(1‐pyrrolidinyl)‐cyclohexyl]benzeneacetamide, a specific irreversible ligand for kappa opioid receptors (1990)

Abstract Optically pure tritium labeled 1 S ,2 S ‐(‐)‐ trans ‐2‐isothiocyanato‐N‐methyl‐N‐[2‐(1‐pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]benzeneacetamide, an affinity ligand specific for the kappa opioid receptor was synthesized from optically pure 1 S ,2 S ‐(‐)‐ trans ‐2‐amino‐N‐methyl‐N‐[2‐(1‐pyrrolidinyl)cyclohexyl]benzeneacetamide via the sequence of dibromination (57%) followed by catalytic tritiation of the dibromide. The resulting tritium labelled aniline (14% yield, specific activity 31.2 Ci/mmol) was transformed to the title compound in 13.3% yield and 99+% radiochemical purity by treatment with thiophosgene.
Photocatalytic Selective Oxidation of 4‐Methoxybenzyl Alcohol to Aldehyde in Aqueous Suspension of Home‐Prepared Titanium Dioxide Catalyst (2007)

Abstract The photocatalytic oxidation of 4‐methoxybenzyl alcohol to p ‐anisaldehyde (PAA) was performed in water with organic‐free suspensions of home‐prepared and commercial titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) catalysts. The nanostructured TiO 2 samples were synthesised by boiling aqueous solutions of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 ), under mild conditions, for different times. The crystallinity increased with the boiling time. The 4‐methoxybenzyl alcohol oxidation rate followed the same pattern but the highest yield (41.5 % mol) to PAA was found for the least crystalline sample, that showed a quantum efficiency of 0.116 %. A comparison with two commercial TiO 2 samples showed that all the home‐prepared catalysts exhibited a PAA yield higher than that of commercial ones. The only by‐products present were traces of 4‐methoxybenzoic acid and aliphatic products, carbon dioxide being the other main oxidation product.
Degradation mechanism in 1.3 μm InGaAsP/InP buried crescent laser diode at a high temperature (1983)

A leakage current flowing through a junction between a p-InP current blocking layer and an n-InP cladding layer is examined in connection with a degradation of a buried crescent laser diode at a high temperature. The degradation characteristics have been successfully explained by a theoretical model proposed in this study.
Linear Recurring Sequences (1996)

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Effects of Taxol on the Macrophage Function. Interactions with Some Immunological Parameters (1992)

The effects of Taxol on some immunological parameters were investigated, in vitro, in the murine macrophage cell line J774.1. Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and (3H) TdR incorporation were shown to be increased in Taxol treated cells. Likewise, Taxol induced TNF alpha secretion. But Taxol seemed to be a weak inducer of the two interleukins IL-1 and IL-2, since their detection occurred late in the cell culture supernatants.
Genetic analysis of agrocin 84 production and immunity in Agrobacterium spp (1987)

Mutations affecting agrocin production on the 48-kilobase (kb) plasmid, pAgK84, can be complemented in trans with cloned portions of the plasmid. Five complementation groups ranging in minimum size from 1.2 to 5.6 kb were identified within a 14-kb segment. Plasmid pAgK84-encoded immunity to agrocin 84 was located to two separate regions of the plasmid. Either region alone was sufficient to protect sensitive strains, and both loci mapped to the agrocin 84 biosynthesis region. One region is located within complementation group I, while the other forms a part of complementation group IV. Production of agrocin 84 was unaffected by nopaline, agrocinopine A, acetosyringone, or low or high levels of ferric iron. Agrocin 84 production was greatly suppressed when the strain also contained a Ti plasmid nutritionally or mutationally derepressed for agrocinopine A catabolism. RNA dot-blot analysis indicated that decreased agrocin 84 production by such strains was not due to transcriptional repression of agrocin 84 biosynthetic loci. In strains also harboring pAtK84b, the opine catabolic plasmid of Agrobacterium radiobacter K84, induction of the agrocinopine A catabolic locus of this plasmid had no such effect on agrocin 84 production.
Data‐independent acquisition‐based <scp>SWATH</scp> ‐ <scp>MS</scp> for quantitative proteomics: a tutorial (2018)

Many research questions in fields such as personalized medicine, drug screens or systems biology depend on obtaining consistent and quantitatively accurate proteomics data from many samples. SWATH-MS is a specific variant of data-independent acquisition (DIA) methods and is emerging as a technology that combines deep proteome coverage capabilities with quantitative consistency and accuracy. In a SWATH-MS measurement, all ionized peptides of a given sample that fall within a specified mass range are fragmented in a systematic and unbiased fashion using rather large precursor isolation windows. To analyse SWATH-MS data, a strategy based on peptide-centric scoring has been established, which typically requires prior knowledge about the chromatographic and mass spectrometric behaviour of peptides of interest in the form of spectral libraries and peptide query parameters. This tutorial provides guidelines on how to set up and plan a SWATH-MS experiment, how to perform the mass spectrometric measurement and how to analyse SWATH-MS data using peptide-centric scoring. Furthermore, concepts on how to improve SWATH-MS data acquisition, potential trade-offs of parameter settings and alternative data analysis strategies are discussed.
Simultaneous control signal and power transmission through mechanical rotary joint without wiring connection (2002)

This paper describes a transmission system which can simultaneously transmit both the control signal and power through a rotary joint by optical signals and RF wireless coupling in place of wiring connection. The system consists of a control signal transmission subsystem and a power transmission subsystem. The power transmission subsystem consists of a MOSFET inverter, a pair of power transmission coils and a rectifier. Based on the magnetic coupling, the RF transmission system has a capability to transmit the power without any electrical contact. The control signal transmission subsystem consists of a signal sender and a signal receiver. The control signal is transmitted via an air gap by using a light emitting diode (LED) and a photodiode (PD). The signal transmission subsystem can transmit 7 function (3-bit) signals. An experiment was successful when the modulation center frequency was set at 520 kHz and the air gap was 9.5 cm. The power conversion efficiency of the power transmission subsystem was 40% with a 50 ohm resistive load when the air gap was set st 2.88 mm. The diameter of each transmission coil in the power transmission subsystem was 25 mm. The LED and PD are concentrically placed at the center of the coil, so the transmission system volume is compact and suitable for industry applications.
On-the-fly video genre classification by combination of audio features (2010)

Video genre identification methods are frequently based on image or motion analysis, which are relatively time-consuming processes. Since such approaches are tractable by batch processing, as-soon-as-possible identification requires faster methods. In this paper, we investigate the use of audio-only methods for on-the-fly video classification. We propose to use several acoustic feature streams and we evaluate various combination schemes at the frame or at the score level. Results are compared to those obtained by humans, according to the listening duration. Although the system based on model combination slightly outperforms the humans on very soon detection. The latter remain significantly more accurate on long sessions.
Subcellular Neural Probes from Single-Crystal Gold Nanowires (2014)

Size reduction of neural electrodes is essential for improving the functionality of neuroprosthetic devices, developing potent therapies for neurological and neurodegenerative diseases, and long-term brain–computer interfaces. Typical neural electrodes are micromanufactured devices with dimensions ranging from tens to hundreds of micrometers. Their further miniaturization is necessary to reduce local tissue damage and chronic immunological reactions of the brain. Here we report the neural electrode with subcellular dimensions based on single-crystalline gold nanowires (NWs) with a diameter of ∼100 nm. Unique mechanical and electrical properties of defect-free gold NWs enabled their implantation and recording of single neuron-activities in a live mouse brain despite a ∼50× reduction of the size compared to the closest analogues. Reduction of electrode dimensions enabled recording of neural activity with improved spatial resolution and differentiation of brain activity in response to different social situations for mice. The successful localization of the epileptic seizure center was also achieved using a multielectrode probe as a demonstration of the diagnostics potential of NW electrodes. This study demonstrated the realism of single-neuron recording using subcellular-sized electrodes that may be considered a pivotal point for use in diverse studies of chronic brain diseases.
Validation of vehicle dynamics simulation models – a review (2014)

In this work, a literature survey on the validation of vehicle dynamics simulation models is presented. Estimating the dynamic responses of existing or proposed vehicles has a wide array of applications in the development of vehicle technologies, e.g. active suspensions, controller design, driver assistance systems, etc. Although simulation environments, measurement tools and mathematical theories on vehicle dynamics are well established, the methodical link between the experimental test data and validity analysis of the simulation model is still lacking. This report presents different views on the definition of validation, and its usage in vehicle dynamics simulation models.
Noninvasive picosecond ultrasonic detection of ultrathin interfacial layers: CF<i>x</i> at the Al/Si interface (1992)

A picosecond ultrasonics technique has been used to detect interfacial fluorocarbon (CFx) layers as thin as 0.5 nm between aluminum and silicon. The presence of the CFx material reduces acoustic damping and heat loss from the Al film into the Si substrate. This provides a means for noninvasive identification of organic/polymeric contaminants at the buried interface and potentially for characterizing interfacial mechanical properties.
TERT promoter mutations in renal cell carcinomas and upper tract urothelial carcinomas (2014)

TERT promoter mutations are identified in many malignancies including bladder cancer (BC) and upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). In contrast, no mutations were found in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) as reported in a recent study. Because the mutant TERT promoter in urine DNA was recently tested as a marker for BC, it is important to ascertain whether these mutations are truly absent in RCCs. Here we determined TERT promoter mutations in 109 patients with RCC and 14 patients with UTUC. The mutations were found in 9/96 (9.3%) clear cell RCC (ccRCC) tumors and 1/8 (13%) chromophobe RCC tumors. Among ccRCC patients, the mutation was correlated with the advanced stages and metastasis, and higher TERT expression. Among UTUCs, the mutation was detected in tumors from 3/5 (60%) patients with renal pelvic cancer and 1/9 (11%) patients with ureter cancer. The mutation was also detected in 1 of 4 urine samples from patients with mutation+ UTUC. Collectively, TERT promoter mutations do occur in RCCs and are associated with aggressive disease. The mutation is more frequent in renal pelvic cancer. Thus, the mutant TERT promoter found in urine may come from not only BC, but also RCC or UTUC.
Using Saccadic Suppression to Hide Graphic Updates (2004)

In interactive graphics it is often necessary to introduce large changes in the image in response to updated information about the state of the system. Updating the local state immediately would lead to a sudden transient change in the image, which could be perceptually disruptive. However, introducing the correction gradually using smoothing operations increases latency and degrades precision. It would be beneficial to be able to introduce graphic updates immediately if they were not perceptible. In the paper the use of saccade-contingent updates is exploited to hide graphic updates during the period of visual suppression that accompanies a rapid, or saccadic, eye movement. Sensitivity to many visual stimuli is known to be reduced during a change in fixation compared to when the eye is still. For example, motion of a small object is harder to detect during a rapid eye movement (saccade) than during a fixation. To evaluate if these findings generalize to large scene changes in a virtual environment, gaze behavior in a 180 degree hemispherical display was recorded and analyzed. This data was used to develop a saccade detection algorithm adapted to virtual environments. The detectability of trans-saccadic scene changes was evaluated using images of high resolution real world scenes. The images were translated by 0.4, 0.8 or 1.2 degrees of visual angle during horizontal saccades. The scene updates were rarely noticeable for saccades with a duration greater than 58 ms. The detection rate for the smallest translation was just 6.25%. Qualitatively, even when trans-saccadic scene changes were detectible, they were much less disturbing than equivalent changes in the absence of a saccade.