gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of hybrid electric vehicles (2007)

Global optimization techniques, such as dynamic programming, serve mainly to evaluate the potential fuel economy of a given powertrain configuration. Unless the future driving conditions can be predicted during real-time operation but the results obtained using this noncausal approach establish a benchmark for evaluating the optimality of realizable control strategies. Real-time controllers must be simple in order to be implementable with limited computation and memory resources. Moreover, manual tuning of control parameters should be avoided. This article has analyzed two approaches, namely, feedback controllers and ECMS. Both of these approaches can lead to system behavior that is close to optimal, with feedback controllers based on dynamic programming. Additional challenges stem from the need to apply optimal energy-management controllers to advanced HEV architectures, such as combined and plug-in HEVs, as well as to optimization problems that include performance indices in addition to fuel economy, such as pollutant emissions, driveability, and thermal comfort
A retrieval technique for virtual reality databases (1997)

Article Free Access Share on A retrieval technique for virtual reality databases Authors: Venkat N. Gudivada Computer Science Department, University of Missouri - Rolla, Rolla, MO Computer Science Department, University of Missouri - Rolla, Rolla, MOView Profile , Jay Bhuyan Computer Science Department, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL Computer Science Department, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, ALView Profile , Ramesh Adusumilli Computer Science Department, Alabama A & M University, Normal, AL Computer Science Department, Alabama A & M University, Normal, ALView Profile Authors Info & Claims SAC '97: Proceedings of the 1997 ACM symposium on Applied computingApril 1997 Pages 328–333https://doi.org/10.1145/331697.331764Published:01 April 1997Publication History 0citation271DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations0Total Downloads271Last 12 Months5Last 6 weeks0 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Size-Dependent Dissociation pH of Thiolate Ligands from Cadmium Chalcogenide Nanocrystals (2005)

A method, pseudo steady-state titration, is introduced for determining the precipitation pH of nanocrystals coated by electron-donating ligands. CdSe nanocrystals coated with hydrophilic deprotonated thiol (thiolate) ligands were studied systematically. For comparison, CdTe and CdS nanocrystals coated with the same types of ligands were also examined. The results show that the precipitation of the nanocrystals is caused by the dissociation of the nanocrystal-ligand coordinating bonds from the nanocrystal surface. The ligands are removed from the surface due to protonation in a relatively low pH range, between 2 and 7 depending on the size, approximately within the quantum confinement size regime, and chemical composition (band gap) of the nanocrystals. In contrast, the redispersion of the nanocrystals was found to be solely determined by the deprotonation of the ligands. The size-dependent dissociation pH of the ligands was tentatively used as a means for determining the size-dependent free energy associated with the formation of a nanocrystal-ligand coordinating bond.
Miscorrection Mitigation for Generalized Integrated Interleaved BCH Codes (2021)

The generalized integrated interleaved (GII) codes nest BCH sub-codewords to form codewords of more powerful BCH codes. They can achieve hyper-throughput decoding with excellent error-correcting performance and are among the most suitable codes for next-generation memories. However, the new storage class memories require high code rate and short codeword length. In this case, the sub-codewords have small correction capability. The miscorrections of the sub-codewords lead to much more severe degradation on the GII error-correcting performance compared to the miscorrections of classic BCH codes. This letter investigates the miscorrections in GII decoding. Three low-complexity methods are developed to identify and mitigate the miscorrections by utilizing the nested syndromes, adding one single parity to each sub-codeword, and keeping track of the error locator polynomial degree. Besides, formulas for estimating the miscorrection rates are given. Using the proposed mitigation methods, the actual GII decoding performance becomes very close to that of the case without any miscorrections.
Destruction of Bacteria in the Digestive Tract of the Maggot of<i>Lucilia sericata</i>(Diptera: Calliphoridae) (2001)

Green fluorescent protein-producing Escherichia coli were used to investigate the fate of bacteria in the alimentary tract of sterile grown maggots, Lucilia sericata (Meigen), using a laser scanning confocal microscope. A computer program was used to analyze the intensity of the fluorescence and to quantify the number of bacteria. The crop and the anterior midgut were the most heavily infected areas of the intestine. A significant decrease in the amount of bacteria was observed in the posterior midgut. The number of bacteria decreased even more significantly in the anterior hindgut and practically no bacteria were seen in the posterior end, near the anus. The viability of bacteria in the different gut sections was examined. It was shown that 66.7% of the crops, 52.8% of the midguts, 55.6% of the anterior hindguts, and 17.8% of posterior hindguts harbored living bacteria. In conclusion, during their passage through the digestive tract the majority of E. coli was destroyed in the midgut. Most of the remaining bacteria were killed in the hindgut, indicating that the feces were either sterile or contained only small numbers of bacteria.
Interference of H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> with stimulus‐secretion coupling in mouse pancreatic β‐cells (1999)

1. We have reported previously that in mouse pancreatic beta-cells H2O2 hyperpolarizes the membrane and increases the ATP-sensitive K+ current recorded in the perforated patch configuration of the patch-clamp technique. The present study was undertaken to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. 2. The intracellular ATP concentration measured by chemoluminescence was reduced by H2O2. The ADP concentration increased in parallel during the first 10 min, resulting in a pronounced decrease in the ATP/ADP ratio. 3. Consistent with these results, glucose-stimulated insulin secretion from isolated islets was inhibited by H2O2. 4. Membrane hyperpolarization measured with intracellular microelectrodes in intact islets and inhibition of insulin secretion were counteracted by tolbutamide, indicating that the channels are still responsive to inhibitors and that the ATP concentration is not too low to trigger exocytosis. However, the sensitivity of the beta-cells to tolbutamide was reduced after treatment with H2O2. 5. H2O2 increased the intracellular Ca2+ activity ([Ca2+]i) in a biphasic manner. A first transient rise in [Ca2+]i due to mobilization of Ca2+ from intracellular stores was followed by a sustained increase, which was at least partly dependent on Ca2+ influx. The first phase seems to reflect Ca2+ mobilization from mitochondria. 6. Our results demonstrate that H2O2 interferes with glucose metabolism, which influences the membrane potential and ATP-sensitive K+ current via the intracellular concentration of ATP. These events finally lead to an inhibition of insulin secretion despite an increase in [Ca2+]i.
Antibody Phage Display (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction How Phage Display Works Selection (Panning) of Binders Evaluation of Binders Phage Display Vectors Phage Display Libraries Generation of Phage Display Libraries Acknowledgments References
739. On the origin of the C-1 fragment in indole alkaloids (1965)

D. H. R. Barton, G. W. Kirby, R. H. Prager and E. M. Wilson, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 3990 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650003990
Synthesis of thin-film ferroelectrics on Si and shape memory effect TiNi substrates (1994)

Synthesis and characterization of ferroelectric multilayers are described. These multilayers possess both active and adaptive properties and so represent an initial attempt to manufacture multilayers that are considered to be smart. In this investigation, deposition and processing of thin-film effect TiNi and thin-film ferroelectric BaTiO3 SrTiO3 and Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 are discussed. Growth conditions as well as the thermodynamic conditions for successful synthesis using sol-gel techniques are described. It was found that amorphous thin films of TiNi and BaTiO3 can be crystallized simultaneously by air annealing at 600 degrees C. Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 was synthesized successfully onto bulk TiNi samples with good mechanical bonding.
Transparent Coatings Made from Spray Deposited Colloidal Suspensions (2012)

The goal of this study is to elaborate few-micrometer thick optically active coatings based on nanoparticles spray-deposited onto a substrate and to control their scattering properties through a progressive suppression of the coffee-ring effect. The modification of the aggregation state of the nanoparticles to be sprayed induces a change of the surface roughness of the films and consequently of their optical transmission. We draw the counterintuitive conclusion that a nonstable colloidal solution gives a smoother coating than a highly stabilized colloidal solution, leading to a more transparent coating. This phenomenon is demonstrated in the case of commercial TiO2 nanoparticles, as well as of homemade luminescent YVO4:Eu nanoparticles, and seems to be generalized to a large range of systems.
An Electrostatic Voltage Sensor Using Surface Acoustic Waves (1982)

A compact electrostatic voltage sensor has been developed with a frequency modulated surface acoustic wave (SAW) delay-line oscillator. The SAW delay-lie oscillator was constructed with piezo- electric ceramics and a 128 deg rotated Y-cut LMb03 substrate on which an additional collector electrode is fabricated. The electrostatic voltage applied to the collector electrode is detected by the frequency change of the SAW oscillator. The center frequency of the SAW delay- line oscillator was chosen to be 23 MHz for piezoelectric ceramics and 39.6 MHz for LiNb03. A vibrating modulator was also applied to the collector electrode. An FM signal modulated by a vibrating electrode was obtained from the SAW oscillator. The FM signal was demodulated with an FM demodulator.
Cytotoxic and Antitumor Activities of<i>Rabdosia</i>Diterpenoids (1988)

Twenty-four diterpenoids from the plant of the genus Rabdosia, Labiatae, were examined for the cytotoxic activity against HeLa cells and several of them were examined for their effects on the life span of mice inoculated with Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells. All the tested compounds except for sculponeatin B (19) and isodonal (21) showed stronger in vitro activity than oridonin (11) used as positive control. The results also showed that leukamenin B (2), kambebanin (6), effusanin A (14), and sculponeatin C (20) are the most effective in vivo among the tested compounds.
Optimization of Composition and Structure of Metal‐Hydride Electrodes (1994)

This paper focuses on investigations to improve the capacity and cycle‐life of a battery by optimization of the composition (active material and additive) and structure of the metal hydride electrode. Teflonized carbons, Vulcan‐XC‐72, Notrit‐NK, and acetylene black (XC‐35) were evaluated as additive materials for the and alloys. Experiments were conducted to determine the optimum (i) amount of hydride material in the electrode, (ii) ratio of the amount of hydride material to that of electronically conducting material (carbon or acetylene black), and (iii) percentage of Teflon in the metal hydride electrode. The discharge capacity and cycle life depended on both the type and amount of the additive material. The Teflonized carbon additive increased the stability of the electrode over that of an electrode with copper powder as the additive. The increase in stability and cycle life is attributed to the flexible, electronically conducting three‐dimensional carbon‐Teflon network which permits its intimate and stable contact with the active alloy particles. The additive Vulcan‐XC‐72 enhances the capacity of the electrode above that of an electrode with acetylene black or copper. The behavior of the electrodes, in respect to the effect of the additives, were similar with the and alloys as active materials.
Ultra-small silicon waveguide coupler switch using gap-variable mechanism (2011)

Submicron-wide silicon waveguide coupler with gap variable mechanism is proposed for a compact optical waveguide switch. Two freestanding silicon waveguides are placed parallel with a submicron gap. The gap is changed by electrostatic comb-drive micro-actuators to control the coupling coefficient of the coupler. The fabricated device consisted of the silicon waveguides of 400 nm in width and 260 nm in thickness. The total size of the switch was 100 μm wide and 150 μm long. Decreasing the gap between the waveguides to 110 nm, the output intensity at drop port became a maximum while the output intensity at through port became a minimum. The extension ratio of the switch output was 17 dB for the waveguide displacement of 300 nm.
Receptor for Vital Protein Finally Found (1996)

Biologists, like wiretappers eavesdropping on clandestine molecular conversations, have been trying to trace protein signals as they travel from one cell to another and then to the recipient's genes. But some of the connections have been hard to pin down, none more so than the “Wnt” proteins, which help trigger the growth of the cerebellum in mice and—in some cases—cancerous cell proliferation. Researchers just haven't been able to identify the receptor molecules on the cell surface that pick up a Wnt signal and relay it to the interior. Now, however, researchers have identified the receptor for one Wnt family member, the fruit fly protein Wingless. With it, they can get a clear look at the molecules that carry Wingless's signal to the nucleus and determine the exact genes that receive this signal.
Nd-Fe-B 계 영구자석의 자기적 특성에 관하여 . (1986)

Effects of neodymium content, particle size, sintering and heat treatment on magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-B system permanent magnets were investigated. In the study, the best magnetic properties were achieved for the magnets containing 33 wt% Nd in the Nd-Fe-1.3B system. An energy product of up to 37 MGOe has been resulted. The highest coercivity was observed when the average particle size was about 3㎛. When the content of Nd was less than 31 wt%, the coercivity was not exhibited. It was also observed that very little sintering has taken place due to lack of Nd-rich phase with in the Nd-Fe-1.3B system. The absence of coercivity was due to easy nucleation of reverse domains with in the irregular shape of grains in the sintered body.
Lipid Catabolism : Fatty Acid (2000)

Developing Brassica napus embryos are primarily concerned with the accumulation of storage products, namely oil, starch and protein. The presence of fatty acid catabolic pathways in the background of this biosynthetic activity was investigated. Enzymes involved in the process of lipid mobilization, such as malate synthase and isocitrate lyase, are detectable towards the late stages of embryo development. [“CIAcetate feeding experiments also reveal that fatty acid catabolism becomes increasingly functional as the embryo matures.
Effect of state filling on the modulation response and the threshold current of quantum well lasers (1992)

The influence of state filling (carrier population of upper subbands of quantum well laser structures) on the optical gain constant is analyzed in conventional separate confinement quantum well lasers. We find that the appreciable population in the states of the optical confinement layers causes a significant lowering of the differential gain. It is pointed out that strain induced reduction of state-filling effects is a probable cause of improved performance in the tensile strained quantum well lasers. The strategy of design for very high frequency and very low threshold current quantum well lasers is addressed.
Do Common User Interface Design Patterns Improve Navigation? (2002)

The Internet has become a growing channel for consumer purchases. Half of all U.S. consumers made at least one purchase on-line in 2001. However, many consumers report frustration with the lack of support for navigation within many Internet retailers' web sites. Several design patterns have been suggested to overcome these limitations, such as expanded hierarchies and breadcrumbs. This study investigated the effects of these design patterns on users' quantitative performance and subjective preference for ecommerce web sites. Expanded hierarchies, a design pattern that is commonly used by many retail web sites, degraded all of the performance metrics assessed in the study. Users required more time, made more errors, used more clicks, and had lower satisfaction scores for sites designed with expanded hierarchies. The results for breadcrumbs suggest that they may improve performance. The inclusion of breadcrumbs reduced the number of clicks required by users to complete the tasks, but other performance metrics did not reach statistical significance. The results indicate that design patterns that are believed to improve performance a priori may not yield the results expected.
Changes in serum concentrations of inhibin in cyclic pigs (1988)

A sensitive and specific radioimmunoassay (RIA) system for porcine ovarian inhibin has been developed. Antisera to porcine inhibin of molecular weight 32,000 (32 kDa inhibin) were raised in male chickens. The recognition site of the antiserum used in the present study was the N-terminal region of the alpha-subunit of 32 kDa inhibin. The antiserum could recognize higher molecular weight forms of inhibin present in porcine follicular fluid as well as the 32 kDa form. The average effective dose and the least detectable amount of inhibin in this RIA were 643 and 30.7 pg/tube respectively. Non-specific effects of serum on the RIA could be overcome by including 100 microliter serum from a castrated pig in the standards and by incubating at 30 degrees C. Serum concentrations of inhibin fluctuated between 0.6 and 2.5 micrograms/l during the oestrous cycles of the pigs. The amount of serum inhibin gradually increased from the late luteal phase to the early follicular phase and reached a maximum of 2.48 micrograms/l at day -4 (day 0 = day of ovulation). Concentrations then decreased rapidly to reach a minimum of 0.6 micrograms/l. Two small peaks were also observed during the luteal phase, although the concentration was relatively low during this phase. Changes in serum concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta did not parallel those of inhibin, especially during the luteal phase when serum concentrations of oestradiol-17 beta remained quite low. Serum concentrations of FSH were inversely related to those of inhibin rather than to those of oestradiol-17 beta, suggesting that the secretion of FSH during the oestrous cycles of pigs is mainly controlled by ovarian inhibin.
Heterodimerization of mu and delta opioid receptors: A role in opiate synergy. (2000)

Opiate analgesics are widely used in the treatment of severe pain. Because of their importance in therapy, different strategies have been considered for making opiates more effective while curbing their liability to be abused. Although most opiates exert their analgesic effects primarily via mu opioid receptors, a number of studies have shown that delta receptor-selective drugs can enhance their potency. The molecular basis for these findings has not been elucidated previously. In the present study, we examined whether heterodimerization of mu and delta receptors could account for the cross-modulation previously observed between these two receptors. We find that co-expression of mu and delta receptors in heterologous cells followed by selective immunoprecipitation results in the isolation of mu-delta heterodimers. Treatment of these cells with extremely low doses of certain delta-selective ligands results in a significant increase in the binding of a mu receptor agonist. Similarly, treatment with mu-selective ligands results in a significant increase in the binding of a delta receptor agonist. This robust increase is also seen in SKNSH cells that endogenously express both mu and delta receptors. Furthermore, we find that a delta receptor antagonist enhances both the potency and efficacy of the mu receptor signaling; likewise a mu antagonist enhances the potency and efficacy of the delta receptor signaling. A combination of agonists (mu and delta receptor selective) also synergistically binds and potentiates signaling by activating the mu-delta heterodimer. Taken together, these studies show that heterodimers exhibit distinct ligand binding and signaling characteristics. These findings have important clinical ramifications and may provide new foundations for more effective therapies.
Pulsatile pressures in the microcirculation of frog's mesentery (1964)

Pressure within the microvascular bed of the frog mesentery has been recorded continuously with micropressure transducers which have tip diameters ranging between 0.5–5 µ. The mean values of pressure are in the range of those previously reported. The waveform of the pressure pulses in arterioles and metarterioles closely resembles that in the larger arteries. This observation signifies that the vascular walls are considerably stiffer than is generally believed. The stiffness is probably attributable to the constricted vascular smooth muscle.
Transient Ablation of Regulatory T cells Improves Antitumor Immunity in Colitis-Associated Colon Cancer (2014)

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are supportive to cancer development in most tissues, but their role in colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC) remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg in a mouse model of CAC and in patients with colon cancer. These Treg were increased strongly in number in a mouse model of CAC and in the peripheral blood of patients with colon cancer, exhibiting an activated phenotype as defined by elevated expression of GARP, CD103, CTLA-4, and IL10, along with an increased suppressive effect on the proliferation and Th1 cytokine expression of CD4(+)CD25(-) responder T cells ex vivo. Transient ablation of CD4(+)Foxp3(+) Treg during tumor development in the CAC model suppressed tumor outgrowth and distribution, accompanied by an increased number of CD8(+)IFNγ/granzyme B-producing effector T cells. Conversely, inactivation of IL10 in Treg did not elevate the antitumor response but instead further boosted tumor development. Our results establish a tumor-promoting function for Treg during CAC formation, but they also suggest that a selective, transient ablation of Treg can evoke antitumor responses, with implications for immunotherapeutic interventions in patients with CAC.