gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Characterization of architectural distortion in mammograms (2005)

The analysis of mammograms is a difficult task due to the subtle appearance of some lesions. Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) have been shown to improve the sensitivity of detection of masses and calcifications; however, there is a need for dedicated methods to detect architectural distortion in the absence of a central mass. Improvement in the detection of architectural distortion may be expected to result in better prognosis for patients with early stages of breast cancer. By employing the concept of phase portraits, a method to characterize architectural distortion in mammograms using texture orientation fields is presented. The results obtained show that the proposed technique can achieve good discrimination between architectural distortion and other parenchymal patterns. Such a technique would be applicable, in a CAD system, to images that have cleared the stages of detection of calcifications and masses with no positive findings.
Improvements in reservoir modeling of compressional structures (2008)

Techniques for incorporating faults in reservoir modeling systems have historically been developed first for extensional systems, and then extended to compressional systems. This approach has often led to reverse or thrust faults beings treated as special cases, requiring much manual editing of the model. The resulting 3D reservoir grids were often not acceptable to reservoir engineers due to the shape and orientation of the grid cells along the faults. The methodology that we have developed starts with the premise that no type of fault should need to be treated as a special case. The fault modeling can handle any shape fault, and the horizon modeling properly models repeat section. Reservoir grids created from these frameworks can treat faults as either pillar or stair‐step faults; stair‐step faults are often desired by the reservoir engineer to facilitate flow simulation. We have developed a new technique for indexing a 3D grid built with stair‐stepped reverse faults that preserves layer connectivity across the faults. In this manner, the grid that the engineer needs is also one that the geologist can use for facies and petrophysical modeling. The asset team is able to share the model without rebuilding or modifying the basic structure for each discipline, allowing the modeling to be part of a larger workflow.
Heritable site‐specific mutagenesis using <scp>TALEN</scp>s in maize (2015)

Transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) technology has been utilized widely for targeted gene mutagenesis, especially for gene inactivation, in many organisms, including agriculturally important plants such as rice, wheat, tomato and barley. This report describes application of this technology to generate heritable genome modifications in maize. TALENs were employed to generate stable, heritable mutations at the maize glossy2 (gl2) locus. Transgenic lines containing mono- or di-allelic mutations were obtained from the maize genotype Hi-II at a frequency of about 10% (nine mutated events in 91 transgenic events). In addition, three of the novel alleles were tested for function in progeny seedlings, where they were able to confer the glossy phenotype. In a majority of the events, the integrated TALEN T-DNA segregated independently from the new loss of function alleles, producing mutated null-segregant progeny in T1 generation. Our results demonstrate that TALENs are an effective tool for genome mutagenesis in maize, empowering the discovery of gene function and the development of trait improvement.
Evaluation of miglustat as maintenance therapy after enzyme therapy in adults with stable type 1 Gaucher disease: a prospective, open-label non-inferiority study (2012)

Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT00319046.
Establishing an Anti-Müllerian hormone cutoff for diagnosis of polycystic ovarian syndrome in women of reproductive age-bearing Indian ethnicity using the automated Anti-Müllerian hormone assay (2019)

Serum AMH concentration >5.03 ng/mL could be used as cutoff value for the diagnosis of PCOS in women of Indian origin.
Homo Dinucleoside-α-hydroxyphosphonate Diesters as Prodrugs of the Antiviral Nucleoside Analogues 2',3'-Dideoxythymidine and 3'-Azido-2',3'-dideoxythymidine (1995)

Abstract The synthesis of a new prodrug system for antiviral nucleosides AZT (1) and ddT (2) based on α-hydroxybenzylphosphonates 3 is described. 3 hydrolyze via different mechanisms yielding the H-phosphonate monoesters 4 or nucleoside monophosphates 5, respectively. 3 were more lipophilic than 1, 2 and showed marked activity against HIV-1/2.
Ensheathing Cells and Methylprednisolone Promote Axonal Regeneration and Functional Recovery in the Lesioned Adult Rat Spinal Cord (2002)

Axons fail to regenerate after spinal cord injury (SCI) in adult mammals, leading to permanent loss of function. After SCI, ensheathing cells (ECs) promote recovery in animal models, whereas methylprednisolone (MP) promotes neurological recovery in humans. In this study, the effectiveness of combining ECs and MP after SCI was investigated for the first time. After lesioning the corticospinal tract in adult rats, ECs were transplanted into the lesion, and MP was administered for 24 hr. At 6 weeks after injury, functional recovery was assessed by measuring successful performance of directed forepaw reaching (DFR), expressed as percentages. Axonal regeneration was analyzed by counting the number of corticospinal axons, anterogradely labeled with biotin dextran tetramethylrhodamine, caudal to the lesion. Lesioned control rats, receiving either no treatment or vehicle, had abortive axonal regrowth (1 mm) and poor DFR success (38 and 42%, respectively). Compared with controls, MP-treated rats had significantly more axons 7 mm caudal to the lesion, and DFR performance was significantly improved (57%). Rats that received ECs in combination with MP had significantly more axons than all other lesioned rats up to 13 mm. Successful DFR performance was significantly higher in rats with EC transplants, both without (72%) and with (78%) MP, compared with other lesioned rats. These data confirm previous reports that ECs promote axonal regeneration and functional recovery after spinal cord lesions. In addition, this research provides evidence that, when used in combination, MP and ECs improve axonal regrowth up to 13 mm caudal to the lesion at 6 weeks after injury.
Parallel palette mode decoding for HEVC SCC (2016)

Palette mode is one of the major coding tools for the Screen Content Coding (SCC) extension to HEVC standard. On the other hand, as the parallel computing capability explosively grows in recent computing industry, people are exploring the possibility of parallelism as much as possible, to achieve video codec products with higher speed and larger throughput. However, the newly introduced palette technology poses great challenges to the implementations of SCC decoder. Under the current palette framework, the pixel reconstructing process has to wait until all the palette indices are parsed, and cannot be operated in parallel due to the syntax dependencies. This paper intends to investigate an efficient parallel decoding architecture for the emerging palette mode to tackle these conundrums. Each largest 32 × 32 coding unit (CU) using palette mode is split into multiple sub-CUs and coded independently. We did integrated investigation to illustrate the trade-off between parallelism and coding efficiency, as an important guidance for SCC codec parallel implementation. We tested the scenario to split the CU into 8 sub-CUs, which can achieve 320% speed acceleration with negligible loss in RD performance.
Effect of a single dose of ibuprofen lysinate before embryo transfer on pregnancy rates in cows (2001)

Embryo implantation is a critical step in both cows and humans. The use of ibuprofen lysinate to enhance implantation has been investigated in cattle with the specific aim of improving pregnancy rates after embryo transfer. In this study, heifers (n = 100) were assigned randomly to one of two groups: one group was treated i.m. with 5 mg ibuprofen lysinate kg(-1) body weight 1 h before embryo transfer and a control group received vehicle only. A single embryo was transferred into each recipient cow. There was a significant difference in the number of pregnancies after embryo transfer between cows in the treated (41 of 50; 82%) and control (28 of 50; 56%) groups (P < 0.05). These data indicate that ibuprofen lysinate may be an effective adjunctive treatment for assisted reproduction in cattle. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this effect is associated with the reduction of cyclooxygenase enzyme isoforms during embryo transfer or whether other mechanisms are involved.
Detection of Marek's Disease Antigen in Feather Follicle Epithelium of Chickens Vaccinated Against Marek's Disease<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN4">4</xref> (1971)

Marek's disease (MD) is a lymphoproliferative disease of chickens caused by a group B herpesvirus. A turkey herpesvirus (HVT) vaccine, injected intra-abdominally or subcutaneously into 1-day-old chicks, protects against development of MD. The vaccine protected birds challenged with Marek's disease virus (MDV) either by contact exposure or parenteral inoculation. Although HVT vaccine prevented tumor development and clinical disease, it did not prevent infection or replication of virulent MDV. MDV was isolated from sonically treated skin samples from vaccinated birds challenged with MDV. Vaccinated birds had both HVT and MDV and antibodies against each. The MD, but not the HVT, antigen could be detected by the direct fluorescent antibody test in the feather follicle epithelium of birds vaccinated at 1 day of age with either the FC126 or WHG-HVT isolates and subsequently challenged with MDV when 3 weeks old. This indicated that vaccinated birds shed virulent MDV in the feather follicle epithelium like unvaccinated, infected birds. One-day-old chicks, given injections of plasma from vaccinated, infected donor birds, containing both HVT and MDV, developed MD lesions. Also, controls reared in direct contact with vaccinated birds developed MD when challenged with MDV.
WIDE-EYE helmet mounted display system for rotorcraft applications (1994)

This paper describes the Kaiser Electronics developed WIDE-EYE helmet mounted display system that uses a Kaiser unique Aircraft Retained Unit/Pilot Retained Unit (ARU/PRU) helmet display unit design. The overall system block diagram is presented and each major subsystem is described in detail. Extensions to the basic design to add full color capability are also described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A pilot study on the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide from sunscreens (1996)

Many Australians are being advised to apply microfine titanium dioxide sunscreen daily from the cradle to the grave. However, there is a surprising lack of data on the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide. A prospective pilot study was conducted to analyse the percutaneous absorption of microfine titanium dioxide from sunscreens. Selected patients scheduled to have skin surgery, applied titanium dioxide sunscreen to the skin daily for 2-6 weeks prior to their operation. After excision, the stratum corneum of the sample was stripped and the titanium concentration of the remaining epidermis and dermis was measured by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The results from this pilot study showed that levels of titanium in the epidermis and dermis of subjects who applied microfine titanium dioxide to their skin were higher than the levels of titanium found in controls. Studies with larger cohorts are necessary to establish if this absorption is statistically significant.
[Effect of pH on the speed of alteration of virginiamycin factor s in aqueous medium]. (1975)

<P>Abstract copyright UK Data Service and data collection copyright owner.</P>The database presents information on all stoppages of work officially recorded by the Office for National Statistics since 1966. <br> The series was formerly known as <i>Industrial Stoppages Data</i> and was the responsibility of the Employment Department. The title changed to <i>Labour Disputes in the UK</i> in 1992 and the Office for National Statistics took over responsibility when the Employment Department was abolished in 1995.
Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Banded Leaf and Sheath Blight in Maize (2006)

ABSTRACT Banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn in maize ( Zea mays L.) is an important disease in China as well as South and Southeast Asia. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) for resistance to this disease would facilitate the development of disease resistant maize hybrids. A mapping population consisting of 229 F 2 individuals derived from the cross of inbreds R15 (resistant) and 478 (susceptible) was used in this study. A genetic linkage map was constructed containing 146 single sequence repeat (SSR) markers, which covered 1666 cM of the maize genome, with an average distance of 11.4 cM. All F 2:4 population individual plants were artificially inoculated by anastomosis groups AG1‐IA of R. solani at two locations for disease evaluations. Composite interval mapping (CIM) identified 11 QTL for resistance to BLSB located on chromosomes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 10, but only four QTL located on chromosomes 2, 6, and 10, were identified across both locations. The range of phenotypic variation explained by the QTL was 3.72 to 10.35%. The information gained from mapping resistance can be used in a marker‐assisted selection (MAS) program for the development of BLSB resistant germplasm.
Intermittent Hypoxia-Induced Cognitive Deficits Are Mediated by NADPH Oxidase Activity in a Murine Model of Sleep Apnea (2011)

The oxidative stress responses and neurobehavioral impairments induced by IH during sleep are mediated, at least in part, by excessive NADPH oxidase activity, and thus pharmacological agents targeting NADPH oxidase may provide a therapeutic strategy in sleep-disordered breathing.
Guerberoff: Spatial birth-and-death processes in random environment (2005)

We consider birth-and-death processes of objects (animals) defined in $\\Z^d$ having unit death rates and random birth rates. For animals with uniformly bounded diameter we establish conditions on the rate distribution under which the following holds for almost all realizations of the birth rates: (i) the process is ergodic with at worst power-law time mixing; (ii) the unique invariant measure has exponential decay of (spatial) correlations; (iii) there exists a perfect-simulation algorithm for the invariant measure. The results are obtained by first dominating the process by a backwards oriented percolation model, and then using a multiscale analysis due to Klein to establish conditions for the absence of percolation.
The Effect of Growth Conditions on Intracytoplasmic Membranes and Methane Mono-oxygenase Activities in Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b (1981)

The distribution of methane mono-oxygenase (MMO) activities between particulate and soluble fractions of cell-free extracts of Methylosinus trichosporium OB3b was dependent upon growth conditions. Particulate activity was associated with the presence of intracytoplasmic membranes observed only under oxygen-limiting conditions in shake flask cultures. Particulate and soluble activities showed substantially different sensitivities to a range of potential inhibitors. The particulate enzyme was inhibited by metal-chelating agents, thiol reagents and amytal, whereas the soluble MMO was not inhibited by these compounds; both activities were sensitive to KCN, ethyne and 8-hydroxyquinoline. NAD(P)H was the only suitable electron donor. The activities were unstable at 0° C but the soluble enzyme could be partially stabilized by several compounds. The particulate and soluble MMO activities are compared with previously reported particulate and soluble MMO enzymes from this species and other methane oxidizers.
Radioimmunoimaging of experimental thrombi in dogs using Tc-99m labeled monoclonal antibody fragments (MAPab-F(ab')/sub 2/) reactive with human platelets (1985)

Radioimmunoimaging of thrombi could have great clinical value in the management of coronary artery and thromboembolic disease. In-111-oxine-labeled platelets currently used require platelet isolation, delayed imaging, background subtraction and there is also potential for damaging or contaminating platelets during labeling. Murine monoclonal antibody (IgG/sub 2/a) fragments directed against human platelet membrane components (cross-reactive with dog platelets) were labeled with Tc-99m and repurified from ''kits''. After radiolabeling, 91.5-93.3% of the Tc-99m was antibody-associated. The preparations retained immunoreactivity, as determined by the ratio of cell to plasma-associated radioactivity (ratios 54.7-63.8). Tc-99m-MAPAb-F(ab')/sub 2/ were injected i.v. into dogs with thrombi produced in peripheral and pulmonary veins and arteries. About 50% of the radioactivity was cleared from the blood in 3-6 min. and 18-24% was excreted in the urine within 3 hrs. The thrombi were consistently and easily visible within 1-3 hrs. with no need for blood pool subtraction. In some cases, intimal damage along the path of catheters was seen. No adverse side effects were observed. The advantages of this method are: short and simple preparation, no need for blood pool subtraction and early visualization of thrombi. Human studies are warranted to determine its clinical efficacy.
Molisch-positive Mucopolysaccharides of Gastric Cancers as Compared with the Corresponding Components of Gastric Mucosae (1958)

1. A procedure of fractioning gastric cancer and non-cancerous gastric mucosa is described. 2. Two kinds of group A mucopolysaccharide and two kinds of group inactive mucopolysaccharide have been isolated in a pure state from a cancer material (group A), and one kind each of the corresponding group active mucopolysaccharides and group inactive mucopolysaccharides from a non-cancerous group B mucosa material.
Side Channel Attacks on Message Authentication Codes (2006)

Side channel attacks are a serious menace to embedded devices with cryptographic applications, which are utilized in sensor and ad hoc networks. In this paper, we discuss how side channel attacks can be applied against message authentication codes, even if the countermeasures are taken to protect the underlying block cipher. In particular, we show that EMAC, OMAC, and PMAC are vulnerable to our attacks. We also point out that our attacks can be applied against RMAC, TMAC, and XCBC. Based on simple power analysis, we show that several key bits can be extracted, and based on differential power analysis, we present a selective forgery against these MACs. Our results suggest that protecting block ciphers against side channel attacks is insufficient, and countermeasures are needed for MACs as well.
Memory management scheme for cost-effective disk-on-modules in consumer electronics devices (2008)

A disk-on-module (DOM) is a NAND flash memory-based device with legacy I/O interface which does not require any special device driver due to the presence of flash translation layer (FTL). FTL is an intermediate software layer which makes DOMs look like conventional hard disk drives. Since DOMs are usually used in mass-market consumer electronics devices, they are extremely cost sensitive; hence FTL should be able to run in a severely resource-constrained environment. In this paper, we propose TinyFTL, a new FTL which employs an efficient memory management scheme for DOMs with a very small amount of memory. TinyFTL divides the mapping information into multiple levels and caches only recently-accessed mapping information in memory. According to experimental evaluation, TinyFTL shows the performance comparable to or better than the existing FTLs with only 4.3- 6.2% of memory requirement (12 KB) for 16 GB NAND flash memory.
Chromosome I alterations in breast cancer: Allelic loss on Ip and Iq Is related to lymphogenic metastases and poor prognosis (1992)

The development of human breast cancer is characterized by a variety of genetic alterations, and cytogenetic analyses have documented the consistent involvement of both arms of chromosome 1. In the present study, molecular markers detecting restriction fragment length polymorphisms were used in pairwise screening of normal and tumor DNA to determine the frequency of allelic imbalance in breast tumors. Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) in the polymorphic epithelial mucin (PEM or MUCI) gene at 1q21 was found in 16% of 89 informative (constitutionally heterozygous) cases, whereas gain in intensity of one allelic band was more frequent (37%), a total of 47% of cases manifesting either allelic loss or gain. Three additional tumors manifested a structural alteration. Allelic loss or gain in the PEM gene was not associated with other prognostic factors, e.g., tumor size, lymph node status, steroid receptors. DNA ploidy, S phase fraction, protooncogene amplification, histological type, or patient age. However, LOH in the PEM gene was significantly correlated with early disease recurrence (P = 0.006). LOH on 1p was found in 27% of 117 informative cases, using probes for either D1S57 or D1Z2 located at 1p33-p35 and 1p36, respectively. Somatic allelic imbalance on 1p and 1q seemed to be independent events and not the effect of loss of a whole chromosome 1. LOH on 1p was significantly correlated to the presence of lymph node metastasis, to larger tumor size, and to DNA nondiploidy, but not correlation was found to disease outcome at this limited duration of follow-up (median 29 months).
A design of near-eye 3D display based on dual-OLED (2010)

This paper provides a review of 3D display technology and a design of Near-Eye 3D Display (NE3D). In present, image
quality and visual comfort are the main problems of 3D display. We designed a NE3D with using the latest 0.5 inch
OLED microdisplay chips, and it contains dual-OLED and two freeform lenses, which provides the left- and right-eye
image of a side-by-side displayed stereo pair to the appropriate eye. It is a free view 3D display technology, and
interocular crosstalk was eliminated completely by using direction multiplex. Crosstalk is one of the largest contributing
factors to cause visual discomfort. The paper detailed the OLED microdisplay, and gave the parameters of optical
system for a compact head-mounted display. Some future works were also referred.