gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spatially and Temporally Weighted Regression: A Novel Method to Produce Continuous Cloud-Free Landsat Imagery (2016)

Due to serious cloud contamination in optical satellite images, it is hard to acquire continuous cloud-free satellite observations, which limits the potential utilization of the available images and further data extraction and analysis. Thus, information reconstruction in cloud-contaminated images and the reprocessing of continuous cloud-free images are urgently needed for global change science. Many previous studies use one cloud-free reference image or multitemporal reference images to restore a target cloud-contaminated image; however, this paper is different and has developed a novel spatially and temporally weighted regression (STWR) model for cloud removal to produce continuous cloud-free Landsat images. The proposed method makes full utilization of cloud-free information from input Landsat scenes and employs a STWR model to optimally integrate complementary information from invariant similar pixels. Moreover, a prior modification term is added to minimize the biases derived from the spatially-weighted-regression-based prediction for each reference image. The results of the experimental tests with both simulated and actual Landsat series data show the proposed STWR can yield visually and quantitatively plausible recovery results. Compared with other cloud removal methods, our method produces lower biases and more robust efficacy. This approach provides a complete framework for continuous cloud removal and has the potential to be used for other optical images and to be applied to the reprocessing of cloud-free remote sensing productions.
Cutting Costs, Boosting Quality and Collecting Data Real-Time : Lessons from a Cell Phone-Based Beneficiary Survey to Strengthen Guatemala’s Conditional Cash Transfer Program (2011)

Information and Communication Technologies-ICT Policy and Strategies Private Sector Development-E-Business Finance and Financial Sector Development-E-Finance and E-Security Education-Knowledge for Development Information Security and Privacy
The first soluble conjugated poly(2,6-anthrylene): synthesis and properties (2007)

The first soluble conjugated poly(2,6-anthrylene) with 9,10-diphenyl-anthracene as the repeating unit is reported; photophysical studies reveal that this polymer represents a novel well-conjugated system.
Complete Genome Sequence of Rathayibacter toxicus Phage NCPPB3778 (2017)

The phage NCPPB3778 was isolated from <i>Rathayibacter toxicus</i> strain CS14, and the genomic DNA was sequenced. The genome is similar to siphoviruses, consisting of 44,520 bases including 77 predicted open reading frames. Portions of the genome are annotated as typical phage proteins, but much of the genome sequence is unique from other bacteriophages.
A D-C telemeter or D-C Selsyn for aircraft (1942)

A SIMPLIFIED concept of the operation of the d-c Selsyn may be obtained by referring to Figure 1 which shows a coil wound on a toroidal iron core. This is a continuous single layer winding with two brushes supplying direct current at diametrically opposite points. It is evident that a magnetic pole will be set up in the core under each of the brushes, and that the magnetic field inside the core will be as shown. This field will follow the brushes as they are rotated. If a polarized permanent magnet rotor is placed inside the core, it will revolve so as to keep its direction of magnetization in line with the brushes.
Sparse Nonnegative Matrix Factorization for Clustering (2008)

Properties of Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) as a clustering method are studied by relating\nits formulation to other methods such as K-means clustering. We show how interpreting the objective\nfunction of K-means as that of a lower rank approximation with special constraints allows comparisons\nbetween the constraints of NMF and K-means and provides the insight that some constraints can be\nrelaxed from K-means to achieve NMF formulation. By introducing sparsity constraints on the coefficient\nmatrix factor in NMF objective function, we in term can view NMF as a clustering method. We tested\nsparse NMF as a clustering method, and our experimental results with synthetic and text data shows\nthat sparse NMF does not simply provide an alternative to K-means, but rather gives much better and\nconsistent solutions to the clustering problem. In addition, the consistency of solutions further explains\nhow NMF can be used to determine the unknown number of clusters from data. We also tested with a\nrecently proposed clustering algorithm, Affinity Propagation, and achieved comparable results. A fast\nalternating nonnegative least squares algorithm was used to obtain NMF and sparse NMF.
Entropy of Mixing and the Glass Transition of Amorphous Mixtures (2008)

Different equations have been proposed for estimating the glass transition temperature of amorphous mixtures. All such expressions lack a term to account for the effect of the entropy of mixing on the glass transition. An entropy based analysis for the glass transition of amorphous mixtures is presented. The treatment yields an explicit mixing term in the expression for the glass transition temperature of a mixture. The obtained expression reduces to the Couchman-Karasz equation in the limiting case where the contribution of the entropy of mixing approaches zero. Equivalent expressions are obtained for the glass transition temperature of a mixture of two glass formers as for the effect of a plasticizing liquid diluent on the glass transition temperature of an amorphous material.
Synthesis of Chromans from the Reaction of O-quinone Methide Precursor with Substituted Styrenes (2007)

In this work, the inverse-electron demanded Diels–Alder cycloaddition reaction of 1-dimethylaminomethyl-2-naphthol and 2-dimethylaminomethyl-4,5-dimethylphenol with (un)substituted styrenes were investigated. 3,4-Dihydro 2-(un)substitutedphenyl-2H-benzo[f]chromenes and 2-(un)substitutedphenyl-6,7-dimethylchromans were isolated from the reaction of 1-dimethylaminomethyl-2-naphthol and 2-dimethylaminomethyl-4,5-dimethylphenol with (un)substituted styrenes. The yields of the Mannich bases and the reactions of them with (un)substituted styrene appeared to be increased from ortho- to para- substitution.
Hominid molars from a middle stone age level at the Mumba Rock Shelter, Tanzania (1988)

Three hominid molars were recovered from a depth of 7.0-7.1 meters in the Mumba Shelter at Lake Eyasi, northern Tanzania. Geological context of the finds and archaeological data indicate that people with a Middle Stone Age technology were using the Mumba locality intermittently whenever retreat of lake waters allowed access to the site. Uranium series dates suggest an age on the order of 130,000 years bp for the teeth and stone tools. Based on morphological analyses, the dental remains probably belonged to one individual and appear to be the crowns of two upper permanent M2s and one lower permanent M2. Crown areas are very small, even in comparison to the variation exhibited by recent African populations. Crown patterns have no archaic features. These teeth are smaller than any verifiable archaic Homo sapiens examples; thus, they may represent early anatomically modern Homo sapiens.
Coordinated control of series‐connected offshore wind park based on matrix converters (2011)

ABSTRACT Optimization and reliability are two important aspects in design and operation of wind parks either for offshore as for onland emplacements. However, offshore locations demand conscientious effort in optimizing the size and the weight of each component in the energy conversion system because of the high investment and maintenance costs related with the supporting structures and transportation respectively. Achieving these two objectives requires the combination of different optimization stages, which consider a suitable design of the entire conversion system with innovative and more eﬃcient power electronic devices, optimized topology of the offshore grid and customized control strategies for optimizing the operation of the park. This paper presents an energy conversion concept for wind turbines on the basis of a reduced matrix converter (RMC) that will enable series direct current architecture in offshore wind parks thus preventing the need for offshore platforms. The RMC is built with bidirectional semiconductors that give reduced losses because of both superior topology and more eﬃcient semiconductors. The proposed conversion topology is tested in stationary state and transient operation. In addition to operational features of the concept, control and operation of a wind park with several turbines are presented. Dynamic operation of the turbine as well as the high‐voltage direct current transmission line effects are considered. Three types of models are therefore developed. First, an accurate and detailed model for analyzing one single turbine with the converter operated at high‐frequency switching is presented. This model considers a new modulation for the RMC. A second and simpliﬁed model is used for small signal analysis. This model permits to simulate several series‐connected cluster during transient. Finally, an optimal direct current load ﬂow model is used for evaluating stationary state operation. Results show the technical feasibility of the proposed concept and their advantages over conventional topologies. The paper also discusses the technological challenges that this type of offshore grid architecture will bring. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
External electronic and optical evidence for internal quantum transport effects in BH-MQW lasers (2002)

We report an anomalous temperature-dependence in the efficiency and threshold current of multi-quantum well buried heterostructure lasers between 60 K and 190 K. The behaviour is accompanied by sharp, discrete features in differential efficiency and differential resistance. We propose an explanation in terms of impeded interwell transport and the establishment of a strongly nonuniform distribution of carriers among the quantum wells.
Development of multichannel acousto-optic modulator (2000)

In this paper we give a brief review of the fundamental acousto-optic interaction theory. Design and fabrication considerations for Multichannel Bragg Cell are studied. We designed and fabricated a four-channel LN/ZF-6 modulator which has 75 MHz center frequency, 15 MHz bandwidth and more than 10% diffraction efficiency.
FETUIN, A NEGATIVE ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN, ATTENUATES TNF SYNTHESIS AND THE INNATE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE TO CARRAGEENAN (2001)

Activation of the innate immune system, even by relatively innocuous stimuli, stimulates the release of cytokines (e.g. TNF) that can injure or kill the host. To maintain homeostasis, mammals have evolved a counter-regulatory response that suppresses the development of excessively robust inflammation. Fetuin, a 66-kD negative acute phase glycoprotein, was first identified in 1944. We recently discovered an anti-inflammatory role for fetuin, because it suppressed the release of TNF from lipopolysaccharide- (LPS) stimulated macrophages. Here the anti-inflammatory effects of fetuin were studied in vivo in an LPS-independent model of acute inflammation caused by administration of carrageenan. Administration of fetuin (5-500 mg/kg intraperitoneally) dose-dependently attenuated the development of paw edema as compared to either asialofetuin (500 mg/kg) or bovine albumin (500 mg/kg). TNF production in the carrageenan-injected paws was significantly inhibited by administration of fetuin (586+/-98 pg TNF/paw) as compared to either asialofetuin (1018+/-186 pg TNF/paw) or saline (1,005+/-172 pg TNF/paw). When specific anti-fetuin IgG was administered into the paw prior to the application of carrageenan, the development of edema formation was significantly increased as compared to irrelevant IgG, indicating that endogenous fetuin normally attenuates the inflammatory response. These results now reveal a previously unrecognized anti-inflammatory role of fetuin in counter-regulating the innate immune response, and suggest that it may be possible to use fetuin as an experimental anti-inflammatory agent.
Weitere Beiträge über Dioxo-piperazine sowie über ein aus Leucyl-glycinanhydrid gewonnenes, ungesättiges Anhydrid. Synthese des tertiären Leucins. (1927)

Article Weitere Beiträge über Dioxo-piperazine sowie über ein aus Leucyl-glycinanhydrid gewonnenes, ungesättiges Anhydrid. Synthese des tertiären Leucins. was published on January 1, 1927 in the journal Biological Chemistry (volume 163, issue 1-3).
High thermally conductive epoxy system for electrical and electronic thermal management (2002)

Formulated systems based on epoxy resins are used extensively in electrical and electronic applications as either casting systems or electronic encapsulants. Among the principal attributes that such products provide is to facilitate the transfer of thermal energy that is generated within such devices to that of a heat sink. In such applications, it is necessary that these types of devices operate in a defined temperature range where dielectric losses are minimal and mechanical properties, including those of strength and thermal shock resistance, are maintained. This paper describes an epoxy system that has been formulated with highly thermally conductive inorganic fillers that is ideally suited for applications requiring good thermal management. This heat curing system features a thermal conductivity up to 2.7 W/m-k together with a very low coefficient of thermal expansion (12 ppm/k at 20/spl deg/C). It can be easily processed at moderate temperatures with good working life but can be cured rapidly at higher temperatures to a tough thermally stable polymer with excellent electrical and mechanical properties.
Chiral twisting in a bacterial cytoskeletal polymer affects filament size and orientation (2020)

In many rod-shaped bacteria, the actin homolog MreB directs cell-wall insertion and maintains cell shape, but it remains unclear how structural changes to MreB affect its organization in vivo. Here, we perform molecular dynamics simulations for Caulobacter crescentus MreB to extract mechanical parameters for inputs into a coarse-grained biophysical polymer model that successfully predicts MreB filament properties in vivo. Our analyses indicate that MreB double protofilaments can exhibit left-handed twisting that is dependent on the bound nucleotide and membrane binding; the degree of twisting correlates with the length and orientation of MreB filaments observed in vitro and in vivo. Our molecular dynamics simulations also suggest that membrane binding of MreB double protofilaments induces a stable membrane curvature of similar magnitude to that observed in vivo. Thus, our multiscale modeling correlates cytoskeletal filament size with conformational changes inferred from molecular dynamics simulations, providing a paradigm for connecting protein filament structure and mechanics to cellular organization and function.
Adaptive imaging system for phase-distorted extended source and multiple-distance objects (1997)

We introduce an incoherent adaptive imaging system based on optimization of an image quality metric measured using a coherent optical system. Experimental results and numerical simulations are presented that demonstrate adaptive correction of phase-distorted extended source images containing objects located at multiple distances.
Horizontal and vertical complexity of attached and free‐living bacteria of the eastern Mediterranean Sea, determined by 16S rDNA and 16S rRNA fingerprints (2001)

The community structure of attached and free‐living bacteria in the Aegean Sea (eastern Mediterranean Sea) was analyzed with use of terminal‐restriction fragment length polymorphism (T‐RFLP) fingerprinting. Since the Aegean Sea is characterized by rather small temperature fluctuations between surface and deep‐water layers, it represents an ideal study site to determine the variations in the community structure of bacteria with depth, since environmental factors other than temperature are likely to determine depth zonation of bacteria. The analysis of 132 T‐RFLP electropherograms indicated pronounced differences among the attached and free‐living bacterial communities defined as operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Distinct vertical differences of attached and free‐living OTUs were found between mesopelagic waters (>200 m depth) and the upper mixed water column (~10–200 m). Attached and free‐living OTUs differed considerably throughout the water column, with only ~35% for the South Aegean and ~24% for the North Aegean of all OTUs in both free‐living and attached OTUs. Approximately 50% of attached and free‐living OTUs were present throughout the water column. Fingerprinting analysis using 16S rRNA indicated that only ~14% of the attached and ~33% of the free‐living OTUs were identical to the 16S rDNA fingerprints. The distribution of free‐living versus attached bacteria as obtained in this study suggests that even in the absence of temperature as a major selective factor, a distinct deep‐water bacterial community exists (particularly in the free‐living mode). The deep‐water free‐living bacterial community appears to be as compositionally complex as the surface water free‐living bacterial community.
Roles of Deletion and Regulation in Creating Mixed Chimerism and Allograft Tolerance Using a Nonlymphoablative Irradiation-Free Protocol (2005)

The induction of mixed chimerism (MC) is a powerful and effective means to achieve transplantation tolerance in rodent models. Host conditioning with irradiation or cytotoxic drugs has been used in many protocols for chimeric induction across allogeneic barriers. The deletion of alloreactive T cell clones has been described as the main mechanism responsible for the induction of a stable MC. In this study, we demonstrate that a stable MC and skin allograft tolerance can be established across MHC barriers by a noncytotoxic, irradiation-free approach using costimulation blockade plus rapamycin treatment. By using an adoptive transfer model of skin allograft and using specific Vbeta TCR probes, we demonstrated that deletion of donor-reactive cytopathic T cell clones is indeed profound in tolerant hosts. Nonetheless, the challenge of tolerant mixed chimeras with 5 million mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) from naive syngeneic mice was neither able to abolish the stable MC nor to trigger skin allograft rejection, a hallmark of peripheral, not central tolerance. Furthermore, in an adoptive transfer model, MNLs harvested from tolerant hosts significantly inhibited the capacity of naive MNLs to reject same donor, but not third-party, skin allografts. Moreover, when we transplanted skin allografts from stable tolerant chimeras onto syngeneic immune-incompetent mice, graft-infiltrating T cells migrated from the graft site, expanded in the new host, and protected allografts from acute rejection by naive syngeneic MNLs. In this model, both deletional and immunoregulatory mechanisms are active during the induction and/or maintenance of allograft tolerance through creation of MC using a potentially clinically applicable regimen.
Erratum: “Time-dependent electrical double layer with blocking electrode” [Appl. Phys. Lett. 94, 043118 (2009)] (2009)

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A reflective framework for discovery and interaction in heterogeneous mobile environments (2005)

To operate in dynamic and potentially unknown environments a mobile client must first discover the local services that match its requirements, and then interact with these services to obtain the application functionality. However, high levels of heterogeneity characterize mobile environments; that is, contrasting discovery protocols including SLP, UPnP and Jini, and different styles of service interaction paradigms e.g. Remote Procedure Call, Publish-Subscribe and agent based solutions. Therefore given this type of heterogeneity, utilizing single discovery and interaction systems is not optimal as the client will only be able to use the services available to that particular platform. Hence, in this paper we present an adaptive middleware solution to this problem. ReMMoC is a Web-Services based reflective middleware that allows mobile clients to be developed independently of both discovery and interaction mechanisms. We describe the architecture, which dynamically reconfigures to match the current service environment. Finally, we investigate the incurred performance overhead such dynamic behaviour brings to the discovery and interaction process.
Separation of low molecular siloxanes for electronic application by liquid-liquid extraction (1999)

Silicone resins are widely used for electronic packaging as potting and encapsulating materials. Silicone resins have many advantages for electronic packaging applications such as superior electrical properties, thermal stability, low water absorption, etc. Furthermore, silicone resins are not only used as protective materials for integrated circuit (IC) devices but also as conducting materials for interconnection. However, silicone resins have two big drawbacks: low adhesion strength and low molecular weight creep. A simple liquid-liquid extraction method has been developed to purify silicone resins, which will improve adhesion strength and eliminate low molecular weight creep. This paper describes the results of the liquid-liquid extraction method to remove low molecular weight cyclic siloxanes. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-lR) spectroscopy was used to monitor the removal rate of low molecular weight cyclic siloxanes. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was used to evaluate the purity of silicone resin. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was used to identify the low molecular weight cyclic siloxanes. Thermomechanical analyzer (TMA), dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA), and die shear test were used for evaluate the properties of silicone resin.
Topological Quantum Distillation (2006)

We construct a class of topological quantum codes to perform quantum entanglement distillation. These codes implement the whole Clifford group of unitary operations in a fully topological manner and without selective addressing of qubits. This allows us to extend their application also to quantum teleportation, dense coding, and computation with magic states.
WYSIWYT testing in the spreadsheet paradigm (2000)

Is it possible to achieve some of the benefits of formal testing within the informal programming conventions of the spreadsheet paradigm? We have been working on an approach that attempts to do so via the development of a testing methodology for this paradigm. Our “What You See Is What You Test” (WYSIWYT) methodology supplements the convention by which spreadsheets provide automatic immediate visual feedback about values by providing automatic immediate visual feedback about “testedness”. In previous work we described this methodology; in this paper, we present empirical data about the methodology's effectiveness. Our results show that the use of the methodology was associated with significant improvement in testing effectiveness and efficiency even with no training on the theory of testing or test adequacy that the model implements. These results may be due at least in part to the fact that use of the methodology was associated with a significant reduction in overconfidence.