gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bronchogenic carcinoma: radiologic-pathologic correlation. (1994)

Bronchogenic carcinoma is the leading cause of death from cancer in men and women in the United States. Although the cause of this malignancy is probably multifactorial, approximately 85% of lung cancer deaths are attributable to cigarette smoking. Patients may present with symptoms of airway obstruction caused by central tumors, symptoms related to direct tumor invasion of surrounding structures, or symptoms produced by distant metastases. There are four major cell types: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, undifferentiated large cell carcinoma, and small cell carcinoma. Adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated large cell carcinoma are generally peripheral lesions manifesting as solitary nodules or masses, whereas squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma are typically central and may manifest as hilar masses, atelectasis, or pneumonia. The prognosis for patients with bronchogenic carcinoma is poor, with an overall 5-year survival of 10%-15%. In general, patients with squamous cell carcinoma have the best prognosis, those with adenocarcinoma and undifferentiated large cell carcinoma have an intermediate prognosis, and those with small cell carcinoma have the worst prognosis.
Electrochemical and FTIRS characterisation of NO adlayers on cyanide-modified Pt(111) electrodes: the mechanism of nitric oxide electroreduction on Pt (2008)

We report here a study, using cyclic voltammetry and FTIRS, of NO irreversibly adsorbed on a cyanide-modified Pt(111) electrode. NO adlayers were formed by immersion of the cyanide-modified Pt(111) electrode in an acidic solution of KNO(2). The behaviour of NO adsorbed on the cyanide-modified electrode is very similar to that of NO on the clean Pt(111) surface, suggesting that adsorbed cyanide (saturation coverage theta(CN) = 0.5) behaves simply as a third body, blocking some of the surface sites but leaving the free Pt sites unaffected. Comparison of the voltammetric profile for NO electroreduction on Pt(111) and on cyanide-modified Pt(111) electrodes has allowed us: (i) to confirm that the reduction of three-fold hollow NO and atop NO on Pt(111) electrodes occurs in two distinct reduction peaks, as previously proposed by Rosca et al. (Langmuir, 2005, 21, 1448); (ii) to suggest that the reduction of irreversibly adsorbed NO layers on Pt electrodes can proceed through two possible paths, one involving an EE mechanism in which the rate-determining step (rds) is an Eley-Rideal reaction, with a direct proton transfer from the solution to adsorbed NO, and the other involving an EC mechanism in which the rds is a Langmuir-Hinshelwood reaction of adsorbed NO with adsorbed H. The availability of adsorbed hydrogen determines which path is followed by the reaction; (iii) to identify the smallest atomic ensemble for the reduction of NO on Pt as being composed of two adjacent Pt atoms.
Afterimages and Multiplexing (1993)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text D. H. KELLY and EUGENIO MARTINEZ-URIEGAS, "Afterimages and Multiplexing," Optics & Photonics News 4(12), 13-13 (1993) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Crystallization of waxes during sunflowerseed oil refining (1985)

Abstract Cooling conditions and wax content in oil determine the morphologies adopted by crystals. At high cooling rates (K) and low temperatures of the refrigerant (T f ), nucleation temperatures are low. This induces the formation of a great number of small nuclei. However, at low K and high T f , nucleation temperatures are high, producing a few large nuclei. The wax/oil equilibrium curve was determined; it allows the evaluation of the wax remaining in the oil after a given treatment. In addition, experiments were performed to evaluate crystal separation from oil. The increase of temperature from 10 to 25 C and the presence of soaps in the oil facilitate wax separation. These results give additional information that can improve operating conditions and make the choice of technological alternatives in wax separation easier.
The human interferon ? species and receptors (2000)

Interferon (IFN) was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration on June 5, 1986. As the first biotherapeutic approved, IFN-alpha paved the way for development of many other cytokines and growth factors. Nevertheless, we have just touched the surface of understanding the multitude of human IFNs. This paper reviews the history of the purification of human leukocyte IFN and key aspects of our current state of knowledge of human interferon alpha genes, proteins, and receptors.
Animals in research (1989)

Log in or Register Subscribe to journalSubscribe Get new issue alertsGet alerts Enter your Email address: Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy. Subscribe to eTOC Secondary Logo Journal Logo All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search Toggle navigation Subscribe Register Login Articles & Issues Current IssuePrevious IssuesPublished Ahead-of-Print Collections Editorials of Laura Weiss Roberts, MD, MAAM Last PageCOVID-19 and Medical EducationAddressing Race and Racism in Medical EducationeBooksView All For Authors Submit a ManuscriptInformation for AuthorsLanguage Editing ServicesAuthor Permissions Journal Info About the JournalAbout the AAMCJournal MastheadSubmit a ManuscriptAdvertising InformationSubscription ServicesReprints and Back IssuesClassified AdsRights and PermissionsFor ReviewersFor MediaFor Trainees All Articles Images Videos Podcasts Blogs Advanced Search
"Quiz" (1910)

Journal Article "Quiz" Get access Lewin Hill Lewin Hill Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s11-II, Issue 38, 17 September 1910, Page 229, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s11-II.38.229f Published: 17 September 1910
Clinical application of the Nd:YAG laser endoscopy (1982)

We report here our clinical experiences with Nd:YAG laser therapy, and evaluate the results of this treatment. From July 1980 to December 1981, we carried out endoscopic laser treatment for 31 patients with 33 lesions. Bleeding gastric ulcers except stomal ulcers were treated successfully. For mucosal lesions of the stomach, Nd:YAG laser irradiation was effective in extirpating them. In advanced gastric cancers, symptoms of cardiac stenosis could be relieved in 80% of the cases. Endoscopic laser therapy was also effective in 80% of postoperative stenosis in the gastrointestinal tract. It is concluded that endoscopic irradiation with the Nd:YAG laser is useful for hemostasis and also for the treatment of malignant tumors and stenosis of the gastrointestinal tract.
Blood group substabce-degrading enzymes obtained from Streptomyces sp. V. Conversion of human blood group B and AB red blood cells to group O and A cells by Streptomyces enzyme. (1976)

Human blood group B and AB cells were converted to O and A active cells, respectively, by treatment with an α-D-galactosidase from Streptomyces 9917 S2. Accompanying these conversions a 2 to 8-fold increase was observed in the group H activity on these cells. The conversion reaction proceeded rapidly in phosphate buffered saline without any supplement. Hemolysis, discoloration, and other visible deterioration of the cell were not observed during the process. Conditions for the optimal conversion as well as the susceptibility to the inhibition by sugars were somewhat different from those for the reaction with soluble substrates.
Adult-like Odor Preferences and Aversions in Three-Year-Old Children (1988)

Previous studies of young children have failed to demonstrate adult-like odor preferences in children less than 5 years old. To test whether these results may have been due to inappropriate methods or to stimulus sets that were too limited in range to capture discriminations, a forced-choice procedure embedded in a simple game was used to contrast 3-year-olds' (n = 16) and adults' (n = 17) hedonic reactions to 9 odorants. Subjects indicated liking an odor by pointing to one puppet and disliking an odor by pointing to another puppet. Analyses revealed essentially the same pattern of preferences in both groups. In general, the odorant was a much better predictor of its hedonic quality than was the age of the subject. However, children and adults did differ in their ratings of some odors, and response patterns indicated that children may be more sensitive than adults to some odorants (e.g., the steroid androstenone). These data indicate that the predominant view that adult-like odor preferences and aversions do not exist until between 5 and 7 years of age must be reevaluated.
Wavelength assignment in a WDM ring to minimize cost of embedded SONET rings (2002)

Discusses wavelength assignment for lightpaths. We study WDM networks in the form of rings and higher level networks as SONET/SDH self-healing rings. This view changes the goal of wavelength assignment (WLA) vs. previous work on the subject in a number of aspects. First, a pair of SONET add/drop multiplexers (ADMs) terminates each lightpath. These ADMs also terminate adjacent lightpaths to form rings, implying that the WLA has to support this type of sharing. Second, following Gerstal et al. (1998), we argue that the first-order optimization goal should be to minimize the overall network cost which is dominated by the number of required ADMs and not the number of wavelengths. These two minimization problems are intrinsically different, and there exist cases where the two minima cannot be simultaneously achieved. We derive a simple lower bound to the number of ADMs and show that this lower bound is not always achievable. Adding wavelength converters to the system does not improve the cost but splitting a lightpath and handling each part separately may reduce the total number of ADMs. We develop two heuristics to minimize the number of ADMs: cut-first, and assign-first. Both heuristics attempt to use the smallest number of ADMs possible. Cut-first always uses the minimum number of wavelengths, but may use more ADMs than necessary. However, the number of extra ADMs is proven to be bounded by the number of supported wavelengths and typically much less. We show instances where cut-first performs better than assign-first and vice versa. Finally, we present a set of transformations that take any WLA and improve its cost.
None of us is the same as all of us: resolving the heterogeneity of extracellular vesicles using single-vesicle, nanoscale characterization with resonance enhanced atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) (2018)

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are highly specialized, nanoscale messengers that deliver biological signals and in doing so mediate intercellular communication. Increasing evidence shows that within populations of EVs, important properties including morphology, membrane composition, and content vary substantially. This heterogeneity arises in response to the nature, state, and environmental conditions of the cell source. However, currently there are no effective approaches, which unequivocally discriminate differences between individual EVs, which critically hampers progress in this emerging scientific area. Measuring EV heterogeneity is paramount to our understanding of how EVs influence the physiological and pathological functions of their target cells. Moreover, understanding EV heterogeneity is essential for their application as diagnostics and therapeutics. We propose an innovative approach using resonance enhanced atomic force microscope infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) to identify the nanoscale structural composition of EVs, as demonstrated and validated using EVs derived from two types of placenta stem cells. The particular strength of this approach is that it is a label-free and ultra-high sensitivity technique that has the power to measure individual EV heterogeneity. New insights gained by this method into EV heterogeneity will have a profound impact not only on our basic understanding of EV biology but also on disease diagnostics and the emerging area of EV-therapies.
The Multi-Dimensional Refinement Indicators Algorithm for Optimal Parameterization (2006)

The estimation of distributed parameters in partial differential equations (PDE) from measures of the solution of the PDE may lead to under-determination problems. The choice of a parameterization is a usual way of adding a-priori information by reducing the number of unknowns according to the physics of the problem. The refinement indicators algorithm provides a fruitful adaptive parameterization technique that parsimoniously opens the degrees of freedom in an iterative way. We present a new general form of the refinement indicators algorithm that is applicable to the estimation of multi-dimensional parameters in any PDE. In the linear case, we state the relationship between the refinement indicator and the decrease of the usual least-squares data misfit objective function. We give numerical results in the simple case of the identity model, and this application reveals the refinement indicators algorithm as an image segmentation technique.
The Chemistry of Enamines (1973)

Preface 1. Preparation and some properties 2. Reactions 3. Heterocyclic enamines Bibliography Index.
A second generation 50 Mbps VLSI level zero processing system prototype (1994)

Level Zero Processing (LZP) generally refers to telemetry data processing functions performed at ground facilities to remove all communication artifacts from instrument data. These functions typically include frame synchronization, error detection and correction, packet reassembly and sorting, playback reversal, merging, time-ordering, overlap deletion, and production of annotated data sets. The Data Systems Technologies Division (DSTD) at Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) has been developing high-performance Very Large Scale Integration Level Zero Processing Systems (VLSI LZPS) since 1989. The first VLSI LZPS prototype demonstrated 20 Megabits per second (Mbp's) capability in 1992. With a new generation of high-density Application-specific Integrated Circuits (ASIC) and a Mass Storage System (MSS) based on the High-performance Parallel Peripheral Interface (HiPPI), a second prototype has been built that achieves full 50 Mbp's performance. This paper describes the second generation LZPS prototype based upon VLSI technologies.
Phylogenetic relationship and virulence inference of Streptococcus Anginosus Group: curated annotation and whole-genome comparative analysis support distinct species designation (2013)

The comparative genomic analysis of the SAG clarifies the phylogenetics of these bacteria and supports the distinct species classification. Numerous potential virulence determinants were identified and provide a foundation for further studies into SAG pathogenesis. Furthermore, the data may be used to enable the development of rapid diagnostic assays and therapeutics for these pathogens.
Geographical Distribution of Terrestrial Mammals in Middle America (1963)

The 370 species of nonflying, nonmarine and noninsular mammals of Middle America (Mexico, excluding Baja California, south through Panama) include 156 monotypic and 214 polytypic species. The distribution of these mammals is discussed with relation to their geo- graphical affinities and their occurrence in principal areas. Major distri- butional barriers and areas of intergradation between subspecies in Mexico northwestward of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec are defined. Middle America, defined herein as being Central America includ- ing Mexico, forms a narrow connection between North and South America. From the broad expanse of-,North America the continental mass narrows southeastwardly through Mexico and ultimately to the present minimum width of approximately 40 miles at the Isthmus of Panama. The restrictive nature of this corridor has been a major deter- rent through time to inter-American movements by terrestrial organ- isms. Furthermore, movements were greatly discouraged -if not stopped - throughout most of the Tertiary when water gaps existed in this corridor (Mayr, 1946: 8-9). Insofar as mammals are concerned, Simpson (1950) has shown that these animals moved southward from Holarctica at various times, prob- ably beginning in the late Mesozoic, to populate South America. He classes these immigrants into 3 groupings. Those considered by Simp- son as old-timers reached South America in the late Mesozoic and early Tertiary and include present-day marsupials and edentates. Those considered as old island hoppers reached South America in mid- Tertiary (late Eocene to Miocene) and include primates, caviomorph rodents and procyonids (allies of the raccoon). Those that Simpson considered as newcomers reached South America in the late Pliocene and Quaternary and include Recent pan-American species of rabbits, squirrels, myomorph rodents, dogs, raccoons, weasels, cats, tapirs, peccaries and deer. Following diversification in South America some mammals grouped as 'old-timers and old island hoppers moved northward beginning in the Pliocene and more abundantly in the Quaternary, when the present land bridge was re-established, until today Middle America and even parts of North America are inhabited by mammals having a direct affinity with the South American fauna. Species peculiar only to the
Alternatively spliced isoforms of the human constitutive androstane receptor (2003)

The nuclear receptor CAR (NR1I3) regulates transcription of genes encoding xenobiotic- and steroid-metabolizing enzymes. Regulatory processes that are mediated by CAR are modulated by a structurally diverse array of chemicals including common pharmaceutical and environmental agents. Here we describe four in-frame splice variants of the human CAR receptor gene. The variant mRNA splice transcripts were expressed in all human livers evaluated. Molecular modeling of the splice variant proteins predicts that the structural effects are localized within the receptor's ligand-binding domain. Assays to assess function indicate that the variant proteins, when compared with the reference protein isoform, exhibit compromised activities with respect to DNA binding, transcriptional activation and coactivator recruitment.
Thrombocytin, a serine protease from Bothrops atrox venom. 2. Interaction with platelets and plasma-clotting factors (1979)

Thrombocytin, a serine protease from Bothrops atrox venom, caused platelet aggregation and release of platelet constituents at a concentration of 10(-7) M and clot retraction at a concentration of 2 x 10(-9) M. Thrombocytin was slightly more active when tested on platelets in plasma than on washed platelets suspended in Tyrode--albumin solution. Thrombin was 5 times more active than thrombocytin when tested on platelets in plasma and 50 times more active when tested on washed platelets. The patterns or release induced by thrombocytin and thrombin were similar. Prostaglandin E1 (10(-5) M) produced complete inhibition of platelet release induced by thrombocytin and thrombin. Indomethacin (10(-4) M) was without any effect. Antithrombin III, in the presence of heparin, inhibited the action of thrombocytin on platelets and on a synthetic peptide substrate (Tos-Gly-Pro-Arg-pNA.HCl). formation of an antithrombin III--thrombocytin complex was demonstrated on NaDodSO4--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Hirudin and alpha 1-antitrypsin did not inactivate thrombocytin. Thrombocytin had a low fibrinogen-clotting activity (less than 0.06% that of thrombin). Thrombocytin also caused progressive degradation of the alpha chain of human fibrinogen, and it cleaved prothrombin, releasing products similar to intermediate 1 and fragment 1 produced by thrombin. Thrombocytin activated factor XIII by limited proteolysis and increased the procoagulant activity of factor VIII in a manner analogous to that of thrombin.
Computer-assisted sleep staging (2001)

To address the subjectivity in manual scoring of polysomnograms, a computer-assisted sleep staging method is presented in this paper. The method uses the principles of segmentation and self-organization (clustering) based on primitive sleep-related features to find the pseudonatural stages present in the record. Sample epochs of these natural stages are presented to the user, who can classify them according to the Rechtschaffen and Kales (RK) or any other standard. The method then learns from these samples to complete the classification. This step allows the active participation of the operator in order to customize the staging to his/her preferences. The method was developed and tested using 12 records of varying types (normal, abnormal, male, female, varying age groups). Results showed an overall concurrence of 80.6% with manual scoring of 20-s epochs according to RK standard. The greatest amount of errors occurred in the identification of the highly transitional Stage 1, 54% of which was misclassified into neighboring stages 2 or Wake.
Enhancing High Temperature Adhesion Performance Via a Renovated Leadframe Surface Treatment (2020)

Leadframe based micro-electronic packages are widely used in the semiconductor industry. The metal leadframe surface properties directly impact its adhesion with epoxy molding compound (EMC). During the manufacturing process and application services, the electronic packages unavoidably suffer from moisture and heat stress. When the moisture in the package volatilizes during the reflow process, its force may be strong enough to break the adhesion between the leadframe and EMC, causing interfacial delamination. In addition, the leadframe surface inevitably oxidized (especially Cu surface) under high thermal loading during the assembly process, and the thickness of metal oxides layer could rise quickly at such high temperature operation. The thick metal oxides layer may deteriorate the interfacial strength between leadframe and EMC, leading to higher tendency of package delamination after stressed The work here evaluated an innovated leadframe surface treatment method called NEAP, with which the copper surface of leadframe was first covered with a thin layer of silver, and then the silver surface was further chemically treated to form a special oxidization film to act as an adhesion promoter for EMC. The NEAP leadframe was compared with the conventional copper leadframe (selective silver) and rough copper leadframe, in terms of its package level reliability. Under severe thermal loading conditions, most of the leadframes could not survive the reliability tests and showed package delamination. On the contrary, the NEAP leadframe show outstanding adhesion performance compared to the others. The NEAP process concept was discussed in detail. The NEAP leadframe is suggested for use in micro-electronic packages that require high thermal performance.