gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiscale windowed Fourier transform for phase extraction of fringe patterns (2007)

A multiscale windowed Fourier transform for phase extraction of fringe patterns is presented. A local stationary length of signal is used to control the window width of a windowed Fourier transform automatically, which is measured by an instantaneous frequency gradient. The instantaneous frequency of the fringe pattern is obtained by detecting the ridge of the wavelet transform. The numerical simulation and experiment have proved the validity of this method. The combination of the windowed Fourier transform and the wavelet transform makes the extracted phase more precise than other methods.
Chronically Ultraviolet‐exposed Human Skin Shows a Higher Mutation Frequency of Mitochondrial DNA as Compared to Unexposed Skin and the Hematopoietic System (1997)

Normal ageing processes are associated with an accumulation of mutations within the mitochondrial (mt) DNA. The most frequent mutation is a 4977 base pair (bp) deletion known as common deletion. In order to test the hypothesis that chronically sun-exposed skin is characterized by an increased mutation frequency of mtDNA, the mutation frequency of the common deletion between skin and another replicating tissue (the hematopoietic system) and chronically sun-exposed versus sun-protected skin was compared in the same individuals. This was done by comparing the amount of mutated mtDNA molecules with the whole mitochondrial genome in the same specimen with a semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction method, thus allowing direct comparison of different tissues. In all skin specimens the common deletion could be observed. In contrast only 3 of 10 blood samples revealed detectable amounts of the common deletion. Comparison of sun-exposed versus sun-protected skin exhibited a higher content of the common deletion in sun-exposed skin in 7 of 10 individuals. Additionally, a hitherto undescribed mtDNA mutation was detected exclusively in human skin. These studies indicate that exposure of human skin to solar radiation leads to an accumulation of mtDNA mutations, possibly via oxidative damage, which may play an important role in photoageing.
Aldosterone in Congestive Heart Failure: Analysis of Determinants and Role in Sodium Retention (1991)

In patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), the role of aldosterone in the abnormal sodium (Na+) retention and the determinants of plasma aldosterone (PA) including plasma atrial natriuretic factor (hANF), plasma renin activity (PRA), and plasma potassium (K+) have not been fully elucidated. We therefore studied the effect of the specific aldosterone antagonist, spironolactone, on urinary Na+ and K+ excretion and plasma hormone responses in 6 Na(+)-retaining CHF patients. After withdrawal of diuretics 4 days prior to the study, the CHF patients were placed on a Na+ intake of 100 mmol/day for 9 days. Spironolactone, 200 mg p.o. bid, was administered for the last 4 days of the 9-day study period. PRA and norepinephrine increased with spironolactone treatment (both p less than 0.05). Plasma hANF before spironolactone was significantly elevated and decreased during spironolactone therapy (p less than 0.05). Urinary Na+ excretion significantly increased during spironolactone administration and the positive Na+ balance was reversed in the CHF patients. Moreover, the urine Na+:K+ concentration ratio significantly increased during spironolactone administration. Analysis of the relationship between PA, plasma K+, PRA, and plasma hANF indicated that PRA is the primary determinant of PA in patients with CHF. Thus, the present results indicate that the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is an important mediator of Na+ retention in CHF, as evidenced by the reversal of the positive Na+ balance with a specific aldosterone antagonist. This natriuretic effect can be demonstrated in the presence of potential antinatriuretic influences including stimulation of the renin-angiotensin and sympathetic nervous systems and a decrease in plasma hANF.
Headaches and their relationship to sleep. (2001)

Despite the complex influences of normal sleep physiology and sleep disorders on the development or presentation of headache, it is important to recognize and understand these relationships. Successful outcomes depend on the provision of treatment interventions specifically directed toward each condition. Nocturnal or early morning headaches that are associated with OSA are often eradicated after the sleep disorder is successfully managed with CPAP, oral appliances, or surgery. Substantial improvement in headache can also result from the successful management of other sleep disorders that may incite headaches such as heavy snoring, PLMS, or the various forms of insomnia. To improve headache patterns associated with bruxism and TMD, it is often necessary to formulate a multidisciplinary treatment approach that combines oral appliance therapy, stress management, biofeedback, oromandibular physical therapy, and, at times, pharmacologic treatment (i.e., tricyclic antidepressant, intramuscular botulinum toxin injections). There are still many gaps in the understanding of the interrelationships of sleep physiology and headache pathophysiology. More well-designed clinical trials are needed so that enough data can be amassed for the formulation of evidence-based guidelines or consensus statements that can better delineate the identification, diagnostic evaluation, and treatment of sleep-related headache disorders and headaches that develop as a consequence of disordered sleep.
A framework for building intelligent manufacturing systems (1999)

The paper describes a systematic approach to design and development of software for intelligent manufacturing systems. The approach is based on a multilevel, general object oriented model of intelligent systems. Current methods and software design and development tools for intelligent manufacturing systems either stress particular components of intelligence (e.g., high level domain expertise, or learning capabilities, or fuzziness of decisions), or their domain dependence (e.g., monitoring and control systems, or CAPP systems). It is usually difficult to make extensions of such methods and tools, nor is it easy to reuse their components in developing intelligent manufacturing systems. Considerable efforts are being dedicated to the development of interoperable software components, distributed object environments, and flexible and scalable applications to overcome some of these problems. The approach described in the paper starts with a well founded software engineering principle, making clear distinction between generic, low level intelligent software components, and domain-dependent, high level components of an intelligent manufacturing system. It is extensible and adjustable. It also suggests some steps toward design of future software development tools for intelligent manufacturing systems. Several intelligent systems have been developed using the approach. One of these systems, in the cement manufacturing domain, is briefly overviewed, illustrating how the approach is used in practice. Finally, some informal discussion on the performance and complexity of the approach is presented.
<i><i>In</i><i>situ</i></i>repair of optoelectronic devices with femtosecond laser pulses (2000)

NRC publication: Yes
Glucocorticoids Enhance Intestinal Glucose Uptake Via the Dimerized Glucocorticoid Receptor in Enterocytes (2012)

Glucocorticoid (GC) treatment of inflammatory disorders, such as inflammatory bowel disease, causes deranged metabolism, in part by enhanced intestinal resorption of glucose. However, the underlying molecular mechanism is poorly understood. Hence, we investigated transcriptional control of genes reported to be involved in glucose uptake in the small intestine after GC treatment and determined effects of GC on electrogenic glucose transport from transepithelial currents. GR(villinCre) mice lacking the GC receptor (GR) in enterocytes served to identify the target cell of GC treatment and the requirement of the GR itself; GR(dim) mice impaired in dimerization and DNA binding of the GR were used to determine the underlying molecular mechanism. Our findings revealed that oral administration of dexamethasone to wild-type mice for 3 d increased mRNA expression of serum- and GC-inducible kinase 1, sodium-coupled glucose transporter 1, and Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3, as well as electrogenic glucose transport in the small intestine. In contrast, GR(villinCre) mice did not respond to GC treatment, neither with regard to gene activation nor to glucose transport. GR(dim) mice were also refractory to GC, because dexamethasone treatment failed to increase both, gene expression and electrogenic glucose transport. In addition, the rise in blood glucose levels normally observed after GC administration was attenuated in both mutant mouse strains. We conclude that enhanced glucose transport in vivo primarily depends on gene regulation by the dimerized GR in enterocytes, and that this mechanism contributes to GC-induced hyperglycemia.
Enhancement in Electrical Conductivity of Transparent Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube Films (2007)

We have developed a simple and practical method to enhance the electrical conductivity of single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) films without loss of their transparency. In order to achieve an enhanced conductivity of transparent SWNT films, we carried out the formation of gold nanoparticles through the reduction of gold ions (Au <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> ) onto the SWNT films which manufactured by the vacuum filtration method. The electroless reduction of gold ions results from redox reactions between Au <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3+</sup> and SWNT sidewalls just by immersion bare SWNT films into an ethanolic aqueous solution of gold salt (HAuCl <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</sub> ) for several minutes. After the formation of gold nanoparticles, the electrical conductivity increased over two-fold of the initial conductivity and maintained the visible light transmittance ~80 %.
A Multibody Knee Model Corroborates Subject-Specific Experimental Measurements of Low Ligament Forces and Kinematic Coupling During Passive Flexion (2016)

A multibody model of the knee was developed and the predicted ligament forces and kinematics during passive flexion corroborated subject-specific measurements obtained from a human cadaveric knee that was tested using a robotic manipulator. The model incorporated a novel strategy to estimate the slack length of ligament fibers based on experimentally measured ligament forces at full extension and included multifiber representations for the cruciates. The model captured experimentally measured ligament forces (≤ 5.7 N root mean square (RMS) difference), coupled internal rotation (≤ 1.6 deg RMS difference), and coupled anterior translation (≤ 0.4 mm RMS difference) through 130 deg of passive flexion. This integrated framework of model and experiment improves our understanding of how passive structures, such as ligaments and articular geometries, interact to generate knee kinematics and ligament forces.
Selective Functionalization of Arbitrary Nanowires (2006)

We report the selective functionalization of uniform and heterostructured nanowires with self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTMS). The wires were grown electrochemically in anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) templates. Selective deposition and removal of SAMs during nanowire growth permits the decoration of specific regions of the surface along the length of the nanowires. This technique presents a facile method for the tailored functionalization of nanowires, but does not rely on the intrinsic chemical properties of the nanowires as previous methods have.
근로자의 소득수준별 기업연금기여율 결정요인 분석 - 미국근로자의 사례분석을 중심으로 - (2004)

본 연구는 올해 본격적으로 도입될 예정인 기업연금제도가 확정갹출(Defined Contribution)형태의 연금제도로 운영되는 경우 국민연금제도에서의 내부수익율과 기업연금에서의 실질수익율이 소득계층별로 달라 각 소득계층별로 기업연금에 대한기여수준을 달리 할 수 있다는 것을 실증분석한 것이다. 우리나라의 기업연금은 사용자와 근로자가 합의하에 제도설계를 다양하게 할 수 있도록 허용하고 있다. 추측 컨대 평균적으로 소득수준이 높은 금융서비스, IT업계의 종사자들의 경우 소득수준이 높아 국민연금의 보험료가 인상되고 소득대체율이 인하되는 경우 실질적인 소득 재분배현상이 발생하게 될 것이다. 이들에게 기업연금제도가 민간확정각출형으로 근로자의 기여까지 허용된다면 소득재분배효과가 있는 국민연금의 신고소득을 낮추고 오히려 기업연금에 대한 기여를 높일 가능성이 있다는 것을 미국의 실증적 사례를 통해 분석해 보았다.
실증분석을 위해 사용한 자료는 Survey of Consumer Finances, 1998이다. 이 자료는 1998년 미국의 Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System에서 실시한 미국가계에 대한 금융설문조사이며 1998년 조사가 실시되어 최종 자료가 생산된 해는 2000이다. 이 설문자료는 미국의 2만 1525가구에 대해 금융자산, 부채, 소득 등을 중점적으로 설문한 것으로서 자산과 부채의 경우 종류별로 금액, 만기, 금융기관 등에 관한 자료를 소득의 경우에는 자영업소득, 근로소득, 자산소득에 대해 소득의 주기, 금액에 관한 상세한 정보를 8,000개의 변수로 제공하고 있다. 또한 이 자료는 본 연구에서 필요한 개인별 기업연금관련 데이터를 상세하게 제공하고 있다.
이 자료를 통해 분석한 결과 고소득층일수록 기업연금제도에 대한 본인기여율과 본인기여금액이 높다는 것을 알 수 있었다. 이것이 시사하는 바는 한국의 기업연금이 근로자 개인의 기여를 허용하는 제도로 설계되는 경우 고소득층의 근로자들이 국민연금제도 등을 포함한 여러 가지 요인들로 인해 기업연금기여율을 높일 가능성이 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다.
Demonstration of laser induced magnetization reversal in GdFeCo nanostructures (2012)

Magnetization switching by a single femtosecond laser heat pulse is demonstrated for out-of-plane domains with sizes down to 200 nm in GdFeCo nanostructures. A complex magnetic domain configuration was revealed with a photoemission electron microscope employing x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at the Fe L3 edge and consisted of in-plane magnetized rims and out-of-plane domains, which results from the structuring process. No influence of this complex domain pattern on the switching efficiency of the structures was detected, constituting an important step towards the application of laser induced magnetization switching in storage devices.
The C-17 dual-channel air data computer (1993)

The C-17 Air Data Computer (ADC) has been developed by Honeywell Inc., Defense Avionics Systems Division, Albuquerque, New Mexico, under subcontract to McDonnell Douglas Aircraft, Long Beach, California, for use as the primary air data system on the U.S. Air Force C-17A military air transport. Each C-17 ADC Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) provides the equivalent function of two independent ADC channels. A single channel in the ADC features a self contained 1750 SEAFAC certified processor capable of providing air data related flight information via two MIL-STD-1553B remote terminals. There are two ADCs per aircraft shipset, thus providing an equivalent of four independent ADC channels per airplane. The secondary source of input data to the ADC is the 1553B bus. This interface supplies the ADC with unique flight characteristic data which is utilized by the ADC processor to correct altitude and airspeed data for pressure source errors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
INCOMPRESSIBLE FLOW IN CONICAL DIFFUSERS (1964)

Experiments have been performed using water flow in clear plastic diffusers, discharging into a plenum tank, in order to obtain performance and flow regime information for a range of diffuser geometries. The principal conclusions of the study were: (1) A line of first appreciable stall has been located with sufficient precision that it is useful in conical diffuser design. (2) Performance dataa have been obtained to allow solution of the four common optimum problems encountered in diffuser design. At present, these solutions can be extrapolated only with caution to other diffuser geometries. (3) The optimums located for conical diffusers are not the same as those suggested by data from tests of plane walled diffusers. (Author)
Multigrid solution of a linearized, regularized least-squares problem in electrical impedance tomography (1993)

A multigrid-type method for solving the parameter identification problem in electrical impedance tomography is developed. The task is to minimize an output least squares functional over a set of admissible conductivity parameters. The functional measures the deviation from observed data of the boundary values of the solution of an elliptic system based on a given parameter. To make the functional well posed, it is regularized by the addition of a term involving the Laplacian. A multigrid method is then developed to minimize a quadradicization of the regularized functional. Numerical experiments exploring the effects of the regularization on the solution and on the performance of the multigrid solver are presented.
BASH: a tool for managing BeadArray spatial artefacts (2008)

The beadarray Bioconductor package (version 1.10 onwards), www.bioconductor.org
The determinants of service quality: satisfiers and dissatisfiers (1995)

Briefly describes five current debates in the service quality literature. One debate, of importance to operations academics and managers, is the identification of the determinants of service quality. Seeks to investigate whether there are some quality determinants that are predominantly satisfiers and others that are predominantly dissatisfiers. The analysis is based on 579 anecdotes, from personal account customers of a major UK bank, collected using the critical incident technique. The study′s main findings are that the predominantly satisfying determinants are attentiveness, responsiveness, care and friendliness; and the dissatisfiers are integrity, reliability, responsiveness, availability and functionality. Responsiveness is identified as a crucial determinant of quality as it is a frequent source of satisfaction, and the lack of it is a major source of dissatisfaction. Contrary to the existing literature, shows that the causes of dissatisfaction are not necessarily the obverse of the causes of satisfaction and, furthermore, that reliability is predominantly a source of dissatisfaction not satisfaction.
Utilizing Popularity Characteristics for Product Recommendation (2006)

This paper presents a novel approach to automated product recommendation based on the popularity characteristics of products. Popularity plays a significant role in the consumer purchasing process but has not been given much attention in recommendation research. A three-dimensional model of popularity is used to develop popularity classes of products. These are joined with the MovieLens dataset to create a hybrid movie recommendation system that combines genre and popularity information. As compared with collaborative filtering, the hybrid system shows positive results under the conditions of data sparsity and cold-starting. Many interesting issues for further research are suggested.
Proteomic Analysis of Human Blastocoel Fluid and Blastocyst Cells (2012)

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are derived from the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst and can differentiate into any cell type in the human body. These cells hold a great potential for regenerative medicine, but to obtain enough cells needed for medical treatment, culture is required on a large scale. In the undifferentiated state, hESCs appear to possess an unlimited potential for proliferation, but optimal, defined, and safe culture conditions remain a challenge. The aim of the present study was to identify proteins in the natural environment of undifferentiated hESCs, namely, the blastocoel fluid, which is in contact with all the cells in the blastocyst, including hESCs. Fifty-three surplus human blastocysts were donated after informed consent, and blastocoel fluid was isolated by micromanipulation. Using highly sensitive nano-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, 286 proteins were identified in the blastocoel fluid and 1,307 proteins in the corresponding cells of the blastocyst. Forty-two were previously uncharacterized proteins-8 of these originated from the blastocoel fluid. Furthermore, several heat shock proteins (Hsp27, Hsp60, Hsc70, and Hsp90) were identified in blastocoel fluid together with zona pellucida proteins (ZP2-4), Vitamin D-binding protein, and Retinol-binding protein 4. Proteins that regulate ciliary assembly and function were also identified, including Bardet-Biedl syndrome protein 7. This study has identified numerous proteins that cells from the ICM of the human blastocyst are exposed to via the blastocoel fluid. These results can be an inspiration for the development of improved culture conditions for hESCs.
Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus (HTLV-I) Antibodies in Africa (1984)

Antibodies specific for human T-cell leukemia-lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) were demonstrated in serum samples from various groups of people in South Africa, Uganda, Ghana, Nigeria, Tunisia, and Egypt. The samples had been collected for other purposes and were presumably selected without bias toward clinical conditions associated with HTLV infections. Regional differences in antibody positivity were observed, indicating widely distributed loci of occurrence of HTLV on the African continent in people of both black and white ancestry. Two patients with high titers of antibody to HTLV-I had some signs of adult T-cell leukemia-lymphoma. In several groups a high frequency of false positive serum reactions was indicated when specific confirmation steps were included in the assay. Further characterization of these sera revealed highly elevated immunoglobulin levels, possibly due to polyclonal activation of immunoglobulin synthesis in these subjects. The possibility that related cross-reactive human retroviruses coexist in the same groups was not eliminated.
Specifying and Enforcing High-Level Semantic Obligation Policies (2007)

Obligation policies specify management actions that must be performed when a particular kind of event occurs and certain conditions are satisfied. Large scale distributed systems often produce event streams containing large volumes of low-level events. In many cases, these streams also contain multimedia data (consisting of text, audio or video). Hence, a key challenge is to allow policy writers to specify obligation policies based on high-level events, that may be derived after performing appropriate processing on raw, low-level events. In this paper, we propose a semantic obligation policy specification language called Eagle, which is based on patterns of high-level events, represented as RDF graph patterns. Our policy enforcement architecture uses a compiler that builds a workflow for producing a stream of events, which match the high-level event pattern specified in a policy. This workflow consists of a number of event sources and event processing components, which are described semantically. We present the policy language and enforcement architecture in this paper.
Ternary Semantic Analysis Of Social Tags For Personalized Music Recommendation. (2008)

[TODO] Add abstract here.
Smart Grid R&D by the U.S. Department of Energy to optimize distribution grid operations (2011)

This paper highlights the U.S. Department of Energy's Smart Grid R&D projects on dynamic optimization of distribution grid operations through integration of advanced sensing, communication, and control technologies. The progress and planned activities of the following programs are discussed: Renewable and Distributed Systems Integration demonstrations, microgrid developments, the Smart Grid Regional Demonstrations, and five new projects from the FY 2010 Smart Grid RD&D Funding Opportunity Announcement. In addition, potential focus areas for the Smart Grid R&D Program in FY 2011 are presented.