gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Binding of rough lipopolysaccharides (LPS) to human leukocytes. Inhibition by anti-LPS monoclonal antibody. (1990)

The binding of rough LPS (ReLPS from Salmonella minnesota R595) to human peripheral blood polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), monocytes, and lymphocytes was examined by using fluorescein-labeled LPS and flow cytometry. At 4 degrees C, FITC-ReLPS bound rapidly in a concentration- and time-dependent way to PMN, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Because mononuclear cells showed both binding and nonbinding cell populations, FITC-ReLPS was used in conjunction with specific phycoerythrin-labeled mAb to identify these cell subpopulations. In contrast to T lymphocytes and NK cells, all monocytes and B lymphocytes efficiently bound FITC-ReLPS. PMN and monocytes showed two to three times more cell-associated FITC-ReLPS when cells were incubated at 37 degrees C compared with incubation at 4 degrees C. Binding of FITC-ReLPS to lymphocytes was similar for both 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C incubation conditions. In contrast to 4 degrees C, at 37 degrees C cell-associated LPS reflects surface-bound as well as internalized LPS, as demonstrated with fluorescence quenching of extracellular FITC-ReLPS by trypan blue. At 4 degrees C, binding of FITC-ReLPS was inhibited by polymyxin B. In addition, purified IgM mAb directed against hydrophobic acyl residues of ReLPS showed more than 95% inhibition of ReLPS binding to leukocytes, indicating the ability of specific mAb to prevent LPS-cell interactions necessary to exert biologic effects. The use of mAb, directed against different parts of the LPS molecule, provides an alternative method for LPS binding-inhibition studies.
Simulation Experiment Design for Target Detection Based on Near Space Platform (2016)

The target detection based on near space platform can increase the detection distance, which can effectively solve the detection problem for stealth aircraft, near space vehicle and early warming aircraft (EWA).To facilitate experiment education, this paper provides the simulation experiment design process with the example of detecting EWA based on near space platform.Infrared atmospheric transmittance are derived for detecting EWA from ground-base, air-based and near space-based loctions, respectively, and the effectiveness of EWA based on infrared detection from near space is investigated.The nozzle and exhaust plume of EWA are considered as the main source of radiation and the characteristics of exhaust plume‘s infrared radiation in near space is derived in multiple azimuths using separated implicit decomposition.The infrared detecting distance of the EWA is derived from near space under different azimuths.This study can be applied to the experiment teaching, and it also provides a reference for infrared detection of EWA based on near space platform.
Dissemination of Information on Potentially Fatal Adverse Drug Reactions for Cancer Drugs From 2000 to 2002: First Results From the Research on Adverse Drug Events and Reports Project (2003)

Our findings demonstrate that serious ADRs may be discovered as long as 36 years after a drug receives FDA approval. This suggests a need for continued vigilance and efficient strategies for dissemination of information about ADRs associated with cancer drugs.
Purification and characterization of the Bacillus subtilis levanase produced in Escherichia coli (1995)

The enzyme levanase encoded by the sacC gene from Bacillus subtilis was overexpressed in Escherichia coli with the strong, inducible tac promoter. The enzyme was purified from crude E. coli cell lysates by salting out with ammonium sulfate and chromatography on DEAE-Sepharose CL-6B, S-Sepharose, and MonoQ-Sepharose. The purified protein had an apparent molecular mass of 75,000 Da in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which is in agreement with that expected from the nucleotide sequence. Levanase was active on levan, inulin, and sucrose with Km values of 1.2 microM, 6.8 mM, and 65 mM, respectively. The pH optimum of the enzyme acting on inulin was 5.5, and the temperature optimum was 55 degrees C. Levanase was rapidly inactivated at 60 degrees C, but activity could be retained for longer times by adding fructose or glycerol. The enzyme activity was completely inactivated by Ag+ and Hg2+ ions, indicating that a sulfhydryl group is involved. A ratio of sucrase to inulinase activity of 1.2 was found for the purified enzyme with substrate concentrations of 50 mg/ml. The mechanism of enzyme action was investigated. No liberation of fructo-oligomers from inulin and levan could be observed by thin-layer chromatography and size exclusion chromatography-low-angle laser light scattering-interferometric differential refractive index techniques. This indicates that levanase is an exoenzyme acting by the single-chain mode.
Templated Electrochemical Deposition of Zirconia Thin Films on “Recordable CDs” (2002)

In this paper, we describe a practical method of using gold films constructed from recordable compact disks (CD-Rs) as simple, inexpensive, and micropatterned conductive substrates for the fabrication of inorganic material microstructures. Extending from their application for the fabrication of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) reported recently, bare and SAM-modified CD-R gold substrates have been used for template-directed electrodeposition of zirconia (ZrO2) thin films (i.e., the controlled formation of zirconia thin films on the different areas of the prefabricated, micrometer mountain-valley CD-R gold substrate surfaces). The present results demonstrate that the variation of the functional groups of the selected SAMs combined with electrodynamic control can be very successful to "customize" the formation and microstructure of functional inorganic thin films, which hold promise for modern technological applications.
The effect of pressure on porosity and the transport properties of rock (1984)

We reanalyze the flow model proposed by Wyllie and Rose (1950) in which the complicated flow network through the pore phase of rock is replaced by a single representative conduit. Although the model is a very simple representation of the complicated pore phase in rock, we find that it provides an adequate simulation of how the transport properties vary with external pressure. Expressions derived for fluid permeability k and formation factor F are combined to give an expression for the mean hydraulic radius of the pore phase. Using this expression, we show that the exponent r in the empirical relationship k ∝ F −r must fall in the range 1≤r≤3. Also, we use the expression for hydraulic radius to estimate the crack area per unit volume and the standard deviation of the height of the asperities on the rhicrocrack surfaces for two granites. The values are in reasonable agreement with other estimates.
A Radio-Link Adaptive Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2006)

The dynamics of mobile ad hoc networks, as a consequence of mobility and disconnection of mobile nodes, pose a number of problems in designing routing protocol for effective communication between the source and destination. In this paper, we proposed a radio-link adaptive mobile ad hoc routing protocol which adapts to time-varying network topology and radio channels. A novel estimation method based on accumulating the practically obtained signal-to- noise ratios and an adjustable weighting parameter, named as Forgetting Factor, is proposed to represent the stability of radio links. From the estimation of radio link stabilities, the proposed protocol further evaluates the route stability of each eligible multi-hop route and the route with the best stability is selected for a specified source and destination pair. Our simulation results indicate that the proposed routing protocol improves up to 180% of data throughputs and decreases 80% of route breakage time comparing to the well-known Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector routing protocol.
Predictive risk estimation for intelligent ADAS functions (2014)

The estimation of risk is a central cornerstone in the evaluation of traffic scene situations for intelligent ADAS. This applies to all levels of functions ranging from simple advices and warning functions right down to the evaluation of possible behavior alternatives, planning and autonomous driving. Current risk handling includes probabilistic collision measures, behavior planning using spatial and temporal occupancy grids, and time metrics such as Time-To-X (e.g. TTC, Time-To-Collision). Especially TTX measures are often used to quantify the threat of a future event. In this paper, we develop a theory of the probability of critical future events such as collisions. We show that by introducing the concept of a “survival probability”, we can derive previously heuristic risk measures like TTX, generalize them to temporally continuous risk indicator functions and apply them to several different situations such as e.g. collision risk, risk of passing nearby without collision, risk at intersection entrance or risk in narrow curves. We show how the TTC-based risk can be described as a special case of a general distance-based risk, with the Time-To-Closest-Encounter (TTCE) and the Distance-of-Closest-Encounter (DCE) as modulating parameters. Furthermore, the introduced risk measures can be used for planning under general conditions, e.g. using “risk maps” to evaluate behavior options according to their risk.
Dioxin-dependent activation of murine Cyp1a-1 gene transcription requires protein kinase C-dependent phosphorylation. (1992)

Transcriptional activation of the murine Cyp1a-1 (cytochrome P(1)450) gene by inducers such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (dioxin) requires the aromatic hydrocarbon (Ah) receptor and the interaction of an inducer-receptor complex with one or more of the Ah-responsive elements (AhREs) located about 1 kb upstream from the transcriptional initiation site. We find that treatment of mouse hepatoma Hepa-1 cells with 2-aminopurine, an inhibitor of protein kinase activity, inhibits CYP1A1 mRNA induction by TCDD as well as the concomitant increase in CYP1A1 enzyme activity. Formation of DNA-protein complexes between the Ah receptor and its AhRE target is also inhibited by 2-aminopurine, as determined by gel mobility shift assays. Phosphorylation is required for the formation of Ah receptor-specific complexes, since in vitro dephosphorylation of nuclear extracts from TCDD-treated Hepa-1 cells abolishes the capacity of the Ah receptor to form specific complexes with its cognate AhRE sequences. To determine whether any one of several known protein kinases was involved in the transcriptional regulation of the Cyp1a-1 gene, we treated Hepa-1 cells with nine other protein kinase inhibitors prior to induction with TCDD; nuclear extracts from these cells were analyzed for their capacity to form specific DNA-protein complexes. Only extracts from cells treated with staurosporine, a protein kinase C inhibitor, were unable to form these complexes. In addition, staurosporine completely inhibited CYP1A1 mRNA induction by TCDD. Depletion of protein kinase C by prolonged treatment with phorbol ester led to the complete suppression of CYP1A1 mRNA induction by TCDD. We conclude that (i) phosphorylation is necessary for the formation of a transcriptional complex and for transcriptional activation of the Cyp1a-1 gene; (ii) the phosphorylation site(s) exists on at least one of the proteins constituting the transcriptional complex, possibly the Ah receptor itself; and (iii) the enzyme responsible for the phosphorylation is likely to be protein kinase C.
Triangulation of surface points with cameras and projectors (2003)

Several surface mapping techniques using beam-beam and sheet-beam triangulation with a pattern projector and an electronic camera are presented and compared. The techniques are grouped according the methods they use to circumvent the correspondence problem inherent to optical triangulation systems. These methods are referred to as 'time coding', 'shape coding', and 'color coding'. The common term 'coding' refers to the fact that the correspondence information is coded in a particular fashion for simpler decoding during processing. Also presented is a basic Venn diagram showing the relationship between four typical categories of 3D scene analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Engineering the leucine biosynthetic pathway for isoamyl alcohol overproduction in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2016)

Isoamyl alcohol can be used not only as a biofuel, but also as a precursor for various chemicals. Saccharomyces cerevisiae inherently produces a small amount of isoamyl alcohol via the leucine degradation pathway, but the yield is very low. In the current study, several strategies were devised to overproduce isoamyl alcohol in budding yeast. The engineered yeast cells with the cytosolic isoamyl alcohol biosynthetic pathway produced significantly higher amounts of isobutanol over isoamyl alcohol, suggesting that the majority of the metabolic flux was diverted to the isobutanol biosynthesis due to the broad substrate specificity of Ehrlich pathway enzymes. To channel the key intermediate 2-ketosiovalerate (KIV) towards α-IPM biosynthesis, we introduced an artificial protein scaffold to pull dihydroxyacid dehydratase and α-IPM synthase into the close proximity, and the resulting strain yielded more than twofold improvement of isoamyl alcohol. The best isoamyl alcohol producer yielded 522.76 ± 38.88 mg/L isoamyl alcohol, together with 540.30 ± 48.26 mg/L isobutanol and 82.56 ± 8.22 mg/L 2-methyl-1-butanol. To our best knowledge, our work represents the first study to bypass the native compartmentalized α-IPM biosynthesis pathway for the isoamyl alcohol overproduction in budding yeast. More importantly, artificial protein scaffold based on the feature of quaternary structure of enzymes would be useful in improving the catalytic efficiency and the product specificity of other enzymatic reactions.
Induction voltage adders and the induction accelerator family (2004)

Induction voltage adders (IVA) and induction accelerators of various types are described and their principles and advantages are discussed. The designs and technologies used in the various subsections and components of high-current IVAs are described. Some features of the pulse power that drives IVAs are discussed. Two representative high-current IVAs are briefly described, and characteristics of other IVAs with different features are mentioned. Some other IVA and induction accelerator variants that could be considered are also suggested.
Gender Parity in the Olympics (1999)

Despite claims that the 1996 Summer Games in Atlanta were “the Olympics of the Women,” analysis of the producing network’s on-air discourse showed no significant gains in parity for women. Comparison of over 20,000 mentions of names, sports, and associated descriptors in successive Olympics (1994, 1996, 1998) revealed that the proportions of mentions of women and men athletes and women’s and men’s sports stayed at approximately the same imbalanced levels from one Olympics to the next. Despite changes from one producing network to another, despite separate analyses of commentary by hosts and venue reporters and of profiles and promotion, despite comparative analysis of adjectival descriptors, results demonstrated a drop in women’s overall salience in 1996 and no improvement over time. The results demonstrate conflicts between official network goals and their implementation as well as some of the ways network discourse creates conspicuous frames for media events to meet commercial needs.
Markov Random Fields on Triangle Meshes (2010)

In this paper we propose a novel anisotropic smoothing scheme based on Markov Random Fields (MRF). Our\nscheme is formulated as two coupled processes. A vertex process is used to smooth the mesh by displacing the\nvertices according to a MRF smoothness prior, while an independent edge process labels mesh edges according\nto a feature detecting prior. Since we should not smooth across a sharp feature, we use edge labels to control the\nvertex process. In a Bayesian framework, MRF priors are combined with the likelihood function related to the\nmesh formation method. The output of our algorithm is a piecewise smooth mesh with explicit labelling of edges\nbelonging to the sharp features.
The iron-responsive element is the single element responsible for iron-dependent translational regulation of ferritin biosynthesis. Evidence for function as the binding site for a translational repressor. (1988)

Ferritin, a cytoplasmic protein critical in iron metabolism, displays iron-dependent regulation of its biosynthetic rate with no corresponding changes in mRNA levels. An iron-responsive element (IRE) has been identified in the 5'-untranslated region (UTR) of the human ferritin heavy chain mRNA which, when placed in the 5'-UTR of heterologous reporter genes, confers iron-dependent translational regulation to the hybrid mRNAs. However, whereas the biosynthetic rate of ferritin in response to changes in iron status exhibits a 30-80-fold range, the apparent ranges observed for reporter gene constructs utilizing chloramphenicol acetyltransferase assays or human growth hormone radioimmunoassays have been much less. A deletion and reconstitution study was undertaken to address the possibility that regions of the ferritin gene and mRNA other than the IRE may be necessary for the production of the full range of iron regulation. Data are presented that demonstrate that the IRE alone is capable of conferring iron-dependent translational regulation of biosynthesis to downstream encoded proteins that is both qualitatively and quantitatively similar to that observed with expression of ferritin itself. Thus, the complete range of iron-dependent translational regulation conferred by the IRE occurs independently of the presence of the ferritin promoter, other regions of the ferritin 5'-UTR, the ferritin coding region, and the ferritin 3'-UTR. Additionally, experiments addressing the translatability in vivo of various ferritin construct mRNAs support the theory that the IRE functions as the binding site for a translational repressor.
3-Stannylcyclobutenediones as nucleophilic cyclobutenedione equivalents. Synthesis of substituted cyclobutenediones and cyclobutenedione monoacetals and the beneficial effect of catalytic copper iodide on the Stille reaction (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3-Stannylcyclobutenediones as nucleophilic cyclobutenedione equivalents. Synthesis of substituted cyclobutenediones and cyclobutenedione monoacetals and the beneficial effect of catalytic copper iodide on the Stille reactionLanny S. Liebeskind and Richard W. FenglCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 19, 5359–5364Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00306a012https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00306a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3048Altmetric-Citations282LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF MALEIC ACID ESTERS WITH ETHYLENEDIAMINE (1976)

Abstract Die Maleinsäureester (I) reagieren mit Äthylendiamin (II) bei 5 ‐ 10°C zu den Äthylenbisasparaginsäureestern (III), während bei höheren Temperaturen und anderem Molverhältnis die Amide (IV) gebildet werden.
A Satisfiability-Based Approximate Algorithm for Logic Synthesis Using Switching Lattices (2019)

In recent years the realization of a logic function on two-dimensional arrays of four-terminal switches, called switching lattices, has attracted considerable interest. Exact and approximate methods have been proposed for the problem of synthesizing Boolean functions on switching lattices with minimum size, called lattice synthesis (LS) problem. However, the exact method can only handle relatively small instances and the approximate methods may find solutions that are far from the optimum. This paper introduces an approximate algorithm, called JANUS, that formalizes the problem of realizing a logic function on a given lattice, called lattice mapping (LM) problem, as a satisfiability problem and explores the search space of the LS problem in a dichotomic search manner, solving LM problems for possible lattice candidates. This paper also presents three methods to improve the initial upper bound and an efficient way to realize multiple logic functions on a single lattice. Experimental results show that JANUS can find solutions very close to the minimum in a reasonable time and obtain better results than the existing approximate methods. The solutions of JANUS can also be better than those of the exact method, which cannot be determined to be optimal due to the given time limit, where the maximum gain on the number of switches reaches up to 25%.
microRNAs Involved in Regulating Spontaneous Recovery in Embolic Stroke Model (2013)

To date, miRNA expression studies on cerebral ischemia in both human and animal models have focused mainly on acute phase of ischemic stroke. In this study, we present the roles played by microRNAs in the spontaneous recovery phases in cerebral ischemia using rodent stroke models. Brain tissues were harvested at different reperfusion time points ranging from 0-168 hrs after middle cerebral artery occlusion using homologous emboli. MiRNA and mRNA expression profiles were investigated by microarray followed by multiple statistical analysis. Candidate transcripts were also validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Three specific groups of miRNAs were observed among a total of 346 differentially expressed miRNAs. miRNAs, miR-21, -142-3p, -142-5p, and -146a displayed significant upregulation during stroke recovery (48 hrs to 168 hrs) compared with those during acute phases (0 hrs to 24 hrs). On the other hand, an opposite trend was observed in the expression of miR-196a/b/c, -224 and -324-3p. Interestingly, miR-206, -290, -291a-5p and -30c-1*, positively correlated with the infarct sizes, with an initial increase up to 24hrs followed by a gradual decrease from 48 hrs to 168 hrs (R = 0.95). Taken together with the expression levels of corresponding mRNA targets, we have also found that Hedgehog, Notch, Wnt and TGF-β signaling pathways could play significant roles in stroke recovery and especially in neuronal repair.