gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Colloidal Synthesis Protocol of Shape- and Dimensionally-Controlled Transition-Metal Chalcogenides and Their Hydrodesulfurization Activities (2018)

We present a single-step ligand-directed colloidal synthesis protocol for the selective growth of dimensionally- and shape-controlled niobium disulfide (NbS2) nanostructures. A systematic modulation of the reaction conditions resulted in the development of monolayer nanosheets, which alternatively grew as laterally confined (<100 nm) 2D nanostructures using an appropriate mixture of coordinating ligands with different functional groups. The lateral size reduced to ∼50 nm by increasing the amount of a chalcogen source (carbon disulfide, CS2), which promoted planar growth to form 0D nanohexagons and 1D hexagonal nanorods. A noncoordinating solvent suppressed anisotropic growth and resulted in the formation of 0D nanospheres. Nanohexagons with the highest fraction of corner and edge active sites delivered the highest activity in dibenzothiophene hydrodesulfurization.
Synergistic protective effect of antibodies against Escherichia coli enterotoxin and colonization factor antigens (1982)

We studied the ability of antisera against different Escherichia coli surface antigens, both alone and in combination with anti-enterotoxin, to decrease fluid secretion induced by intestinal challenge with enterotoxigenic E. coli in rabbits. Antiserum against lipopolysaccharide protected significantly against O group homologous bacteria. Monospecific antisera against pilus-associated colonization factor antigens CFA/I and CFA/II were also effective, giving highly significant protection against enterotoxigenic E. coli strains bearing the corresponding colonization factor antigens. Protection was also observed with Fab fragments of the CFA/I antibodies. Addition of the anti-lipopolysaccharide serum to a protective antiserum against purified heat-labile enterotoxin resulted in an antisecretory effect which slightly exceeded the sum of the effects obtained with each preparation alone. The combination of antiserum against CFA/I or CFA/II with anti-enterotoxin gave protection that equaled the product of the effects obtained with each antiserum alone; i.e. the antisera cooperated synergistically.
Reversible Thermal Gelation in Polymer/Surfactant Systems. Control of the Gelation Temperature (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReversible Thermal Gelation in Polymer/Surfactant Systems. Control of the Gelation TemperatureK. Loyen, I. Iliopoulos, R. Audebert, and U. OlssonCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 4, 1053–1056Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00004a002https://doi.org/10.1021/la00004a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views679Altmetric-Citations84LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Pocket Guide to Vaccination and Prophylaxis (1999)

Medical Writings: Book Notes21 September 1999Pocket Guide to Vaccination and ProphylaxisDonald J. Kennedy, MDDonald J. Kennedy, MDSaint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri. (Kennedy)Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-131-6-199909210-00028 SectionsAboutFull TextPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail Jenson HB. 336 pages. Philadelphia: WB Saunders; 1999. $19.95. ISBN 0721679935. Order phone 800-545-2522.Field of medicine: Infectious diseases and primary care.Format: Softcover book.Audience: Infectious disease physicians, primary care physicians, and others involved in the prevention and control of infectious diseases.Purpose: To provide quick access to the recommended use of vaccines, immunoglobulin products, and antimicrobial agents in children and adults.Content: This pocket-sized guide summarizes recommended immunizations for children, adolescents, adults, health care workers, and persons with altered immunity. Routine indications, contraindications, precautions, and methods of administration are summarized for each vaccine. Recommended prophylaxis with immune globulins, ... Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Saint Louis University, St. Louis, Missouri. (Kennedy) PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics 21 September 1999Volume 131, Issue 6Page: 479-480KeywordsAdultsAntimicrobialsChildrenInfectious diseasesOpportunistic infectionsPediatricsPrimary care physiciansProphylaxisSoftware toolsVaccines ePublished: 15 August 2000 Issue Published: 21 September 1999 Copyright & PermissionsCopyright © 1999 by American College of Physicians. All Rights Reserved.PDF downloadLoading ...
Actions of insulin, epinephrine, and dibutyryl adenosine cyclic 5'-monophosphate on fat cell protein phosphorylations. Adenosine cyclic 5'-monophosphate dependent and independent mechanisms (1975)

Endogenous and hormone-induced protein (polypeptide) phosphorylations were studied in isolated rat fat cells, in fat pads, and in subcellular fractions obtained from fat tissue under different physiological conditions. Insulin (25-100 muU/ml) increased the incorporation of 32P into two proteins: insulin-phosphorylated proteins (IPP 140 and IPP 50; similar to 140,000 and 50,000 daltons, respectively). Epinephrine (10(-7)-10(-6) M) increased the incorporation of 32P into another protein: epinephrine-phosphorylated protein (EPP 60-65; similar to 60,000-65,000 daltons). Endogenous IPP 140 phosphorylation in fat cells obtained from fasted and refed rats was similar to that of insulin in normal cells. Studies of insulin and epinephrine interactions showed that insulin increased IPP 140 phosphorylation even in the presence of epinephrine or lithium (25 mM times 10(-3) M). dibutyryl cyclic AMP (5 times 10(-4) M) markedly stimulated EPP 60-65 phosphorylation, but neither epinephrine (10(-7)-10(-6) M) nor dibutyryl cyclic AMP reproduced insulin's phosphorylation of APP 140. Lithium inhibited both endogenous and epinephrine-stimulate EPP 60-65 phosphorylation, but did not inhibit that induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP. These findings suggest that insulin stimulated a specific, cyclic AMP independent protein kinase for IPP 140 phosphorylation. Cell-free extracts from insulin-treated fat tissue catalyzed the specific transfer of 32P from ATP to IPP 140 more rapidly than control extracts. No differences in the total receptor protein or total protein kinase activity using [gamma(-32P]ATP were noted between insulin-treated and control preparations. IPP 140 may be either (a) an insulin-sensitive protein kinase (phosphotransferase) or (b) a protein whose function is regulated by an insulin-sensitive protein kinase or phosphatase.
Tuning the Flexibility of Glycine-Serine Linkers To Allow Rational Design of Multidomain Proteins (2017)

Flexible polypeptide linkers composed of glycine and serine are important components of engineered multidomain proteins. We have previously shown that the conformational properties of Gly-Gly-Ser repeat linkers can be quantitatively understood by comparing experimentally determined Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) efficiencies of ECFP-linker-EYFP proteins to theoretical FRET efficiencies calculated using wormlike chain and Gaussian chain models. Here we extend this analysis to include linkers with different glycine contents. We determined the FRET efficiencies of ECFP-linker-EYFP proteins with linkers ranging in length from 25 to 73 amino acids and with glycine contents of 33.3% (GSSGSS), 16.7% (GSSSSSS), and 0% (SSSSSSS). The FRET efficiency decreased with an increasing linker length and was overall lower for linkers with less glycine. Modeling the linkers using the WLC model revealed that the experimentally observed FRET efficiencies were consistent with persistence lengths of 4.5, 4.8, and 6.2 Å for the GSSGSS, GSSSSS, and SSSSSS linkers, respectively. The observed increase in linker stiffness with reduced glycine content is much less pronounced than that predicted by a classical model developed by Flory and co-workers. We discuss possible reasons for this discrepancy as well as implications for using the stiffer linkers to control the effective concentrations of connected domains in engineered multidomain proteins.
Numerical Investigation of a 2D-Grating for Light Extraction of a Bottom Emitting OLED (2006)

An important limiting factor for efficient white light emitting organic LEDs is the total internal reflection occurring at each interface. In a bottom emitting OLED light is trapped by reflection at the interface between the organic layers and glass substrate and at the interface between the glass substrate and air. We investigate the use of a grating at the glass substrate-air interface. In this paper we will discuss the developed 3D-simulation method and several important simulation results. Our simulation method shows that the grating extracts approximately 50% more power in comparison with a planar device. These results are comparable with the use of micro lenses
Recombinant antibodies: Engineering and production in yeast and bacterial hosts (2010)

After the appearance of the first FDA-approved antibody 25 years ago, antibodies have become major therapeutic agents in the treatment of many human diseases, including cancer and infectious diseases, and the use of antibodies as therapeutic/diagnostic agents is expected to increase in the future. So far, a variety of strategies have been devised for engineering of these fascinating molecules to develop superior properties and functions. Recent progress in systems biology has provided more information about the structures and cellular networks of antibodies, and, in addition, recent development of biotechnology tools, particularly in regard to high-throughput screening, has made it possible to perform more intensive engineering on these substances. Based on a sound understanding and new technologies, antibodies are now being developed as more powerful drugs. In this review, we highlight the recent, significant progress that has been made in antibody engineering, with a particular focus on Fc engineering and glycoengineering for improved functions, and cellular engineering for enhanced production of antibodies in yeast and bacterial hosts.
Quality control of commercial quillaja (Quillaja saponaria Molina) extracts by reverse phase HPLC (2000)

Saponin-rich extracts of the Chilean indigenous tree Quillaja saponaria Molina are widely used as natural foaming agents in foods and beverages, food emulsifiers, photographic emulsions, vaccine adjuvants, etc. However, with the exception of the vaccine industry, saponin concentration is not adequately quantified. Normally, the quality and price of the extracts are determined using simple foam tests. This may not be adequate, since similar foam levels can be obtained by blending quillaja extracts with other low-cost saponin sources (eg Yucca shidigera extracts). Also, many products are diluted with high amounts of carriers, reducing significantly their saponin concentration. To overcome these problems and standardise the quality of commercial extracts, the use of reverse phase HPLC techniques is explored. It is shown that RP-HPLC yields consistent and repetitive results and can be easily implemented to control the quality of quillaja extracts. Commercial non-refined extracts contain 190–200 g saponins kg−1 solids, while semi-refined extracts contain 750–800 g saponins kg−1 solids. Also, extracts derived from quillaja bark (traditional raw material) and whole quillaja wood (novel ecological production method) have similar saponin composition and concentration. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantitative proteomics by fluorescent labeling of cysteine residues using a set of two cyanine‐based or three rhodamine‐based dyes (2008)

Despite all remarkable progress in gel-based proteomics in recent years, there is still need to further improve quantification by decreasing the detection limits and increasing the dynamic range. These criteria are achieved best by fluorescent dyes that specifically stain the proteins either by adsorption after gel electrophoresis (in-gel staining) or covalent coupling prior to gel electrophoresis (in-solution staining). Here we report a multiplex analysis of protein samples using maleimide-activated cyanine-based (Cy3 and Cy5) and rhodamine-based dyes (Dy505, Dy535, and Dy635) to permanently label all thiol-groups of cysteine-containing proteins. The detection limits in SDS-PAGE were about 10 ng per band and even 2 ng for BSA due to its high content of cysteine residues. Thus only 5 microg protein of a mouse brain homogenate were analyzed by 2-DE. Both cyanine- and rhodamine-based dyes also stained proteins that did not contain cysteines, probably by reaction with amino groups. This side reactivity did not limit the method and might even extend its general use to proteins missing cysteine residues, but at a lower sensitivity. The dynamic range was more than two orders of magnitude in SDS-PAGE and the Dy-fluorophores did not alter the mobility of the tested proteins. Thus, a mixture of Dy505-, Dy555-, and Dy635-labeled Escherichia coli lysates were separated by 2-DE in a single gel and the three spot patterns relatively quantified.
Beyond DNA Repair: Additional Functions of PARP-1 in Cancer (2013)

Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are DNA-dependent nuclear enzymes that transfer negatively charged ADP-ribose moieties from cellular nicotinamide-adenine-dinucleotide (NAD(+)) to a variety of protein substrates, altering protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. The most studied of these enzymes is poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), which is an excellent therapeutic target in cancer due to its pivotal role in the DNA damage response. Clinical studies have shown susceptibility to PARP inhibitors in DNA repair defective cancers with only mild adverse side effects. Interestingly, additional studies are emerging which demonstrate a role for this therapy in DNA repair proficient tumors through a variety of mechanisms. In this review, we will discuss additional functions of PARP-1 - including regulation of inflammatory mediators, cellular energetics and death pathways, gene transcription, sex hormone- and ERK-mediated signaling, and mitosis - and the role these PARP-1-mediated processes play in oncogenesis, cancer progression, and the development of therapeutic resistance. As PARP-1 can act in both a pro- and anti-tumor manner depending on the context, it is important to consider the global effects of this protein in determining when, and how, to best use PARP inhibitors in anticancer therapy.
Enhancing the interpretation of x‐ray photoelectron spectra using numerical methods (1992)

Abstract X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) has long been used as a surface analytical method for the determination of elemental composition and chemistry of a material. Small‐area analysis allows the comparison of different areas of a sample surface, while sputter depth profiling makes it possible to follow the specific chemistry as a function of depth. Often in XPS, peak overlap or subtle changes in chemistry may sometimes make the chemical‐state analysis of the elements in a material difficult. By using a variety of numerical methods, it is possible to enhance the analysis and interpretation of surface analytical data. Such numerical methods would include linear least‐squares and fitting and target factor analysis. By using these methods it is possible to enhance the chemical‐state interpretation and in many cases significantly increase the detection limits of specific elements. Several examples of the application of numerical methods are used to illustrate the enhancement of data interpretation of XPS data, with special emphasis on linescans and sputter depth profiles.
Pre-ejection period variations predict the fluid responsiveness of septic ventilated patients (2005)

The present study found DeltaPEPKT and DeltaPEPPLET to be as accurate as DeltaPP in the prediction of fluid responsiveness in mechanically ventilated septic patients.
Effect of selective screening for gestational diabetes. (1999)

If the new ADA selective screening recommendations are used, few women with GDM will be missed (4%) but approximately 90% of pregnant women will still need to be screened for GDM.
Improved Survival with an Implanted Defibrillator in Patients with Coronary Disease at High Risk for Ventricular Arrhythmia (1996)

In patients with a prior myocardial infarction who are at high risk for ventricular tachyarrhythmia, prophylactic therapy with an implanted defibrillator leads to improved survival as compared with conventional medical therapy.
Deploying wide colour gamut and high dynamic range in HD and UHD (2014)

Twenty years ago, one of us (Poynton) presented a paper at IBC 1994 entitled “Wide gamut device-independent colour image interchange.” The CCIR 709 standard had just been adopted (in 1990), and, by 1994, sRGB deployment in desktop computing was well underway. That paper anticipated commercial interest in exchange of wide-gamut imagery. As it turned out, wide gamut was not imminent: We've had 20 years of very stable colour encoding for video in the form of BT.709 for HD (augmented recently by BT.1886, which finally standardizes gamma), and the 709-derivative sRGB that remains ubiquitous in the computer domain. Now, however, dramatic changes are underway. Wide colour gamut (WCG), enabled mainly by RGB LED backlights for LCD displays, has already seen initial deployment in consumer television. High dynamic range (HDR) cameras are commercially available; and HDR displays, mainly enabled by spatially modulated LED backlights, are on the verge of commercialization. Many industry experts agree that consumers will experience WCG and HDR as more significant than increasing spatial resolution from HD (“2K") to “4K". The present paper revisits the topic of the 1994 paper, but now with some urgency, to address the question: How should wide colour gamut and high dynamic range video imagery be encoded? The main conclusion is that the Y'CBCR technique and its variants are perfectly adequate for moderate dynamic range but yield poor performance when combined with HDR. New encoding techniques are needed. We conclude that a perceptual quantizer (PQ) should replace the conventional gamma function to enable HDR. CBCR (chroma) subsampling performs poorly in combination with the PQ; we propose encoding and decoding modified u'v' chromaticity components instead of CBCR.
The politics of alcohol: a history of the drink question in England (2010)

Introduction 1. A monstrous plant: acohol and the Reformation 2. Healths, toasts and pledges: political drinking in the seventeenth century 3. A new kind of drunkenness: the gin craze 4. The politics of sobriety: coffee and politics in Georgian England 5. A fascinating poison: early medical writing on drink 6. Ungovernable passions: intoxication and Romanticism 7. Odious monopolies: power, control and the 1830 Beer Act 8. The last tyrant: the rise of temperance 9. A monstrous theory: the politics of prohibition 10. The state and the trade: the drink question at the turn of the century 10. Central control: war and nationalisation 11. The study of inebriety: medicine and the law 12. The pub and the people: drinking places and popular culture 13. Prevention and health: alcohol and public health 14. Beer orders: the changing landscape in the 1990s 15. Drinking responsibly: media, government and binge drinking Conclusion: the drink question today Index -- .
Suppressor cell induction factor: a new mediator released by stimulated human lymphocytes and distinct from previously described lymphokines. (1983)

Suppressor cell induction factor (SIF) was produced by alloantigen-stimulated human peripheral blood lymphocytes, and it activated human T cells to become effective suppressors of the mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). The activity of SIF was resistant to 56 degrees C and to pH 2, and was precipitated by 50 to 80% saturated ammonium sulfate. SIF had a m.w. range, as determined by gel filtration, of 18,000 to 29,000; it did not bind to DEAE cellulose columns; and it was recovered in the pH range from 6.9 to 7.3 on isoelectric focusing. SIF was biochemically separable from IL 2, BF, IFN-gamma, and CSF. Furthermore, IL 2 activity was completely removed by absorption of MLC supernatants by murine cytotoxic T lymphocyte line (CTLL) cells, whereas SIF activity was unabsorbable, thus distinguishing SIF from IL 2. In addition, antiviral activity of MLC supernatants was completely abolished by anti-human IFN-gamma serum, whereas SIF activity was unaffected by this antiserum, thus distinguishing SIF from IFN-gamma. Since treatment of these supernatants with antiserum against human lymphoblastoid cell IFN(alpha/beta) had no effect on either antiviral or SIF activities in these supernatants, SIF was also distinguishable from IFN alpha/beta. These results indicate that SIF is a distinct new lymphokine with the ability to induce suppressor function in human T cells.
Multiple amino acid substitutions between murine gamma 2a heavy chain Fc regions of Ig1a and Ig1b allotypic forms. (1981)

The complete amino acid sequence of the murine gamma 2a heavy chain CBPC-101 Fc region of allotype Ig1b was determined by automated and manual Edman degradation procedures. Both chemical and enzymatic cleavages were used to obtain peptides which were purified by gel filtration followed by high-pressure liquid chromatography. The sequence was in good agreement with that predicted from the nucleotide sequence of a gamma 2a gene of allotype Ig1b except for two positions. Comparison with published data on MOPC 173 gamma 2a heavy chain of allotype Ig1a revealed 8 amino acid substitutions in the CH2 domain (7% differences) and 18 substitutions (27%) in the CH3 domain. Many of the observed interchanges occur at positions at which murine heavy chains of other classes also differ from the gamma 2a chains. Our data suggest that the divergence of the gamma 2a Ig1a gene found in BALB/c mice and of the gamma 2a Ig1b gene found in CB 20 mice must have occurred long ago and that the CH2 domain was much more conserved than the CH3 domain.