gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ballistic Impact Performance of SiC Ceramic‐Dyneema Fiber Composite Materials (2020)

This study investigated the ballistic resistance of a composite target plate fabricated by combining SiC ceramic with the Dyneema fiber. To achieve a light‐weight target plate that conforms to the US National Institute of Justice level four (NIJ IV) standards, minimal areal density analysis was conducted to obtain the optimal SiC ceramic‐Dyneema fiber thickness combination. This study used energy absorption to analyze the ballistic resistance of the target plates. To drastically reduce experimental costs, most of this work employed ANSYS/LS‐DYNA software to conduct finite element numerical simulations. First, ballistic experiments that conformed to NIJ IV standards were conducted to verify the simulation parameter configurations. Subsequently, the correlation function of the relationship between the combined thickness of the composite material and its ballistic resistance was determined through the experimental design, which effectively reduced the simulation analysis time. According to simulation experiments and regression analysis, the equation for the relationship between the combined thickness of the composite material and its ballistic resistance was , though there were limitations to its application. From the numerical analysis results, 8.1940 mm SiC ceramic and 6.9637 mm Dyneema fiber were determined to constitute the optimal thickness combination for a composite that features a minimal areal density and which conforms to NIJ IV standards. The combination was verified to be consistent with the numerical simulation analysis results.
A systematic procedure for developing the 3D model to evaluate the construction project progress (2007)

Purpose – This main purpose of this study is to summarize the experience at the Construction Technology and Management Center (CTMC) to develop a Digitalizing Construction Monitoring (DCM) system by integrating 3DAutoCAD drawings and digital images. The objective of this paper is to propose a framework model for the DCM system and discuss in detail the steps involved for developing and calculating the 3D coordinate values from 2D digital images.
An Aqueous Cooperative Assembly Route To Synthesize Ordered Mesoporous Carbons with Controlled Structures and Morphology (2006)

A facile aqueous pathway has been demonstrated for the synthesis of ordered mesoporous carbon materials with hexagonal or cubic structures through the self-assembly of phenol/formaldehyde resols and triblock copolymer templates. Highly ordered mesoporous carbons FDU-16 with body-centered cubic structure (space group Im3̄m) have been synthesized under a basic aqueous condition by using triblock copolymer Pluronic F127 (EO106PO70EO106) as a template. Hydrocarbon (hexadecane or decane) can be used in the Pluronic P123 (EO20PO70EO20) system as a swelling agent to synthesize highly ordered mesoporous carbons FDU-15 with 2-D hexagonal (p6m) structure. The pore size of FDU-15 can be tailored from 4.1 to 6.8 nm by simply varying the hydrocarbon molecules. Mesoporous carbon materials FDU-14 with bicontinuous cubic (Ia3̄d) structure can be formed at a P123/phenol molar ratio higher than 0.04. A phase transformation from Ia3̄d to p6m occurs as the P123/phenol ratio decreases. It is proposed that the cooperative assembly of resols and triblock copolymers driven by one-layer hydrogen bonds between the PEO segments and resols in aqueous solutions may favor the formation of mesostructures. Moreover, the morphology of the obtained mesoporous carbon materials can be controlled on the millimeter (1−5 mm) or micrometer (5−200 μm) scale. The simple aqueous route can give materials with a diversity of structures and morphologies, and this may offer the obtained materials very promising application prospects.
Low-Cost S-Band FMCW Radar-Based Short-Range Displacement Sensor (2018)

The following paper presents a detailed design of a frequency-modulated continuous wave radar system operating in the S-band, which has a very low cost and can be used for millimetric displacement measurements at close ranges. The low cost has been achieved by excluding any monolithic microwave integrated circuits thus all of the system blocks were designed using discrete components. The market price of all semiconductor components used in this project: radio frequency (RF) transistors, diodes, operational amplifiers, and voltage regulators, is about 9 USD when buying them in minimum quantity. The discrete nature of the system makes it an excellent tutorial on FMCW radar design and RF circuit techniques.
ACSM's metabolic Calculations Handbook (2006)

ACSM'S metabolic calculations handbook , ACSM'S metabolic calculations handbook , کتابخانه مرکزی دانشگاه علوم پزشکی تهران
OSPAR-Compliant Technologies for Managing Drilling-Fluid Lost-Circulation Events (2005)

Abstract In the oil and gas industry, loss of circulation while drilling is a common problem. Lost drilling fluids typically go into fractures induced by excessive mud pressures, into pre-existing open fractures, or into large openings with structural strength in the formation. Loss of circulation can be costly and difficult to control. Severe losses can disrupt drilling operations for days. A wide variety of materials have been used or proposed [for patents] in attempts to cure lost circulation.1-5 One of many lost-circulation materials (LCM) used by drilling fluid companies is a super absorbent polymer (SAP). Crosslinked polyacrylamides, polyacrylate, or a combination of both are examples. These SAPs can be used alone or in combinations with other LCM to stop the fluid loss.6-9 SAPs function as LCM by expanding many times in volume when they encounter the fluids downhole and stop the fluid loss by plugging the fractures in formation. These SAPs have shown excellent technical performance; however, they have poor biodegradability, often less than 5% in 28 days (Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development [OECD 306] Test for Biodegradability in Sea Water). Consequently, there are strong demands from both the regulatory and economic perspectives to develop more environmental friendly LCM to be used offshore. The ideal LCM for offshore should be formulated with seawater and pose little or no risk to the marine environment, so that after the job is completed, the used LCM can be disposed of overboard. To achieve these goals, research is needed to develop an environmentally acceptable alternative. In this paper we report the results using a biodegradable super absorbent alternative as LCM. Our efforts include studies to further understand the key roles of absorption rate, efficiency and particle size in LCM. Experiments focused on the performance of candidate materials over wide ranges of temperature, pH, and salinity, and also their biodegradation and toxicity performance.
Microphone-array localization error estimation with application to sensor placement (1996)

This paper presents a means for predicting the error region associated with a speech-source location estimate obtained from a set of microphones in a room environment. The error predictor presented is derived assuming a specific source-sensor geometry consisting of pairs of closely spaced sensors for which a delay estimate associated with the potential source has been evaluated. The accuracy of the predictor is evaluated through a set of Monte Carlo simulations and an application of the predictor to microphone-array design in the context of a video-conferencing scenario is presented.
Ammonium chloride, an inhibitor of phagosome-lysosome fusion in macrophages, concurrently induces phagosome-endosome fusion, and opens a novel pathway: studies of a pathogenic mycobacterium and a nonpathogenic yeast. (1991)

The weak base ammonium chloride has been previously reported to inhibit lysosomal movements and phagosome-lysosome (Ph-L) fusion in cultured mouse macrophages (M phi), thus reducing delivery, to an intraphagosomal infection, of endocytosed solutes that have concentrated in secondary lysosomes. We have now addressed the question, whether NH4Cl might affect any direct interaction (if it exists) between such infection phagosomes and earlier, nonlysosomal compartments of the endocytic pathway, i.e., solute-containing endosomes. The phagosomes studied were formed after ingestion of the mouse pathogen Mycobacterium microti and the nonpathogenic yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae; and the endosomes were formed after nonreceptor-mediated endocytosis of electronopaque and fluorescent soluble markers. By electron microscopy, survey of the cell profiles of M phi that had been treated with 10 mM NH4Cl so that Ph-L fusion was prevented, and that displayed many ferritin-labeled endosomes, revealed numerous examples of the fusion of electronlucent endosomes, revealed numerous examples of the fusion of electronlucent vesicles with phagosomes, whether containing M. microti bacilli or S. cerevisiae yeasts. Fusion was recognized by transfer of label and by morphological evidence of fusion in progress. The fusing vesicles were classed as endosomes, not NH4Cl-lysosomes, by their appearance and provenance, and because lysosome participation was excluded by the concurrent, NH4Cl-caused block of Ph-L fusion and associated lysosomal stasis. No evidence of such phagosome-endosome (Ph-E) fusion was observed in profiles from M phi treated with chloroquine, nor in those from normal, untreated M phi. NH4Cl-treated living M phi that had ingested yeasts at 37 degrees C, followed by endocytosis of lucifer yellow at 17 degrees C (to accumulate labeled endosomes and postpone label passing to lysosomes), were then restored to 37 degrees C. Fluorescence microscopy showed that as many as half of the yeast phagosomes (previously unlabeled) rapidly became colored. We inferred that this transfer was from endosomes (by Ph-E fusion) because Ph-L passage was blocked (by the NH4Cl). We conclude that NH4Cl induces Ph-E fusion at the same time as it suppressed Ph-L fusion. We discuss the mechanisms of these concurrent effects and suggest that they are independent; and we consider the implications of NH4Cl opening a direct route for endocytosed molecules to reach an intraphagosomal infection without involving lysosomes.
A study of brackish water membrane with ultrafiltration pretreatment in Indonesia’s coastal area (2012)

Water pollution and sea water intrusion to water sources in coastal areas result lack of provision safe drinking water by the drinking water regional company or coastal community. The existing water treatment plant that operated on brackish surface water or groundwater feed requires improving process. Membrane process could be a choice to treat the quality of brackish water to the level of potable water that designed to lower cost with high stabile flux and longer lifetime. This research focus on application of pilot plant of brackish water treatment using Ultrafiltration (UF) membrane-air lift system as pretreatment of Reverse Osmosis (RO) membrane-low pressure. Brackish water sources contain high colloidal and suspended solids that can cause fouling load of RO membranes and impair its performance. UF pretreatment operation tested by addition of compressed air into the feed (air lift system), resulted stable flux, reduces membrane fouling and low feed pressure. A flux of RO with UF pretreatment can produce drinking water of 30-61 L/m 2 hour. It was observed, the good quality of RO permeate resulted by using a pretreatment of UF-PS (Polysulfone-UF) with total dissolved solid rejection about 96-98% and color rejection about 99-100% at 5 or 8 bars of operation pressure. This paper concludes that performance of membrane technology with UF-air lift system pretreatment and RO membrane-low pressure could be accepted as condition of brackish water source in Indonesia coastal areas in producing drinking water.
Self-aligned chemically assisted ion-beam-etched GaAs/(Al,Ga)As turning mirrors for photonic applications (1990)

It is shown that totally reflecting turning mirrors can be fabricated in GaAs/(Al,Ga)As graded-index separate-confinement-heterostructure single-quantum-well (GRIN-SCH SQW) material using Ti metal masking and Cl/sub 2/ chemically assisted ion-beam-etching (CAIBE). Combined with ridge waveguides, these techniques have been used to make turning-mirror cleaved-facet lasers that have acceptable external slope efficiencies with a modest estimated increase in threshold current. Scanning electron microscope examination of the mirrors indicates some residual roughness attributed to the edge definition of the deposited titanium film. The mirror loss is estimated to be 68% for these particular turning mirrors. These components, which continue to be developed and improved, are being applied to increasingly sophisticated and demanding photonic programs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Neuron Circuit Using Coupled SQUIDs Gate with Flat Output Characteristics for Superconducting Neural Network (2014)

We propose an improved design of a neuron circuit, using coupled SQUIDs gates, for a superconducting neural network. An activation function with step-like input vs. output characteristics is desirable for a neuron circuit to solve a combinatorial optimization problem. The proposed neuron circuit is composed of two coupled SQUIDs gates with a cascade connection, in order to obtain such characteristics. The designed neuron circuit is fabricated by a 2.5kA/cm2 Nb/AlOx/Nb process. The operation of a fabricated neuron circuit is experimentally demonstrated. Network performance of a neural network using proposed neuron circuits is also estimated by numerical dynamic simulations.
Bis diallyl dithiocarbamate Pt(II) complex: synthesis, characterization, thermal decomposition studies, and experimental and theoretical studies on its crystal structure (2014)

AbstractPlatinum dithiocarbamate (DTC) complex has been synthesized from the ligand diallyl DTC, and its structure was established from elemental analysis, IR, NMR, and single-crystal X-ray analyses to be Pt[S2CN(C3H5)2]2. The thermal properties were studied using a simultaneous thermal analyzer, and showed two main steps of decomposition. The structural geometry analysis was determined using X-ray diffraction and Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations. The single-crystal X-ray analysis showed that the complex has a square planar geometry. The diallyl groups of the DTC ligands are not symmetrical making the complex non-centrosymmetric, and the complexes are stacked with intermolecular ring–ring interactions. The DFT calculations were performed to obtain the theoretical information and compared with the experimental data obtained from the experimental crystal structure.Keywords: diallyl dithiocarbamateplatinumcrystal structurethermal analysisconformational analysis AcknowledgementsThe authors acknowledge the financial support of North-West University and the Chemical Research Beneficiation (CRB) Research Focus Area. The work presented in this paper is based on the research supported by the National Research Foundation of South Africa. Any opinion, finding or conclusion or recommendation expressed in this material is that of the author(s) and the NRF does not accept any liability in this regard.
Mechanisms of tinnitus (2002)

The generation of tinnitus is a topic of much scientific enquiry. This chapter reviews possible mechanisms of tinnitus, whilst noting that the heterogeneity observed within the human population with distressing tinnitus means that there may be many different mechanisms by which tinnitus can occur. Indeed, multiple mechanisms may be at work within one individual. The role of the cochlea in tinnitus is considered, and in particular the concept of discordant damage between inner and outer hair cells is described. Biochemical models of tinnitus pertaining to the cochlea and the central auditory pathway are considered. Potential mechanisms for tinnitus within the auditory brain are reviewed, including important work on synchronised spontaneous activity in the cochlear nerve. Whilst the number of possible mechanisms of tinnitus within the auditory system is considerable, the identification of the physiological substrates underlying tinnitus is a crucial element in the design of novel and effective therapies.
Integrated MIMO antenna with high isolation characteristic (2007)

A novel two-channel multiple input multiple output (MIMO) antenna for handset terminals is proposed. The antenna is basically composed of two folded monopoles and is designed to operate in WiBro (Wireless Broadband Internet; the Korean version of mobile WiMax) service band, 2.30–2.39 GHz. To decrease mutual coupling between the antennas, ground wall and connecting line are added. Good impedance matching and enhanced isolation performances are observed. Radiation patterns clearly show omnidirectional performance of the proposed antenna.
Esters of 1‐<i>O</i>‐Demethylthiocolchicines: Formation of Isomers in Chloroform Solution (1985)

Abstract 1‐ O ‐Acetyl‐1‐ O ‐demethylcolchicine, and acylated 1‐ O ,2‐ O ‐didemethylthiocolchicines, in contrast to 2‐ O ‐acetyl‐, 2‐ O ,3‐ O ‐diacetyl‐ and 3‐ O ‐acetyl analogs, showed after standing in CHCl 3 solution significant changes in optical rotation, a duplication of 1 H‐NMR signals, and the formation of new isomers on TLC. Solid‐state X‐ray diffraction of O ‐acetylated colchinoids and thio analogs, showed out of planar arrangements of the aromatic substituents, but the analysis could not help to explain the structures of the newly formed isomers in CHCl 3 solution.
Integrating Color and Shape-Texture Features for Adaptive Real-Time Object Tracking (2008)

We extend the standard mean-shift tracking algorithm to an adaptive tracker by selecting reliable features from color and shape-texture cues according to their descriptive ability. The target model is updated according to the similarity between the initial and current models, and this makes the tracker more robust. The proposed algorithm has been compared with other trackers using challenging image sequences, and it provides better performance.
Materials for superconducting nanowires for quantum phase-slip devices (2011)

Quantum phase-slip processes in superconducting nanowires of suitably small cross-section have been proposed as the basis for a new current standard, based on physics dual to that for the Josephson voltage standard. The practical realisation of such devices presents several challenges. We consider the requirements which need to be met in constructing a nanowire quantum-phase-slip device and in particular the need to maximise R<sub>ξ</sub>, the normal-state resistance of a length of nanowire equal to the superconducting coherence length. Titanium and niobium–silicon are promising materials for the nanowires.
Multiclass AdaBoost ELM and Its Application in LBP Based Face Recognition (2015)

Extreme learning machine (ELM) is a competitive machine learning technique, which is simple in theory and fast in implementation; it can identify faults quickly and precisely as compared with traditional identification techniques such as support vector machines (SVM). As verified by the simulation results, ELM tends to have better scalability and can achieve much better generalization performance and much faster learning speed compared with traditional SVM. In this paper, we introduce a multiclass AdaBoost based ELM ensemble method. In our approach, the ELM algorithm is selected as the basic ensemble predictor due to its rapid speed and good performance. Compared with the existing boosting ELM algorithm, our algorithm can be directly used in multiclass classification problem. We also carried out comparable experiments with face recognition datasets. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can not only make the predicting result more stable, but also achieve better generalization performance.
Identification of the Human U7 snRNP as One of Several Factors Involved in the 3′ End Maturation of Histone Premessenger RNA's (1987)

In eukaryotic cells, the conversion of gene transcripts into messenger RNA's involves multiple factors, including the highly abundant small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complexes that mediate the splicing reaction. Separable factors are also required for the 3' end processing of histone pre-mRNA's. The two conserved signals flanking the 3' cleavage site are recognized by discrete components present in active HeLa cell extracts: the upstream stem loop associates with a nuclease-insensitive factor, while binding to the downstream element is mediated by a component having the properties of a snRNP. The sequence of the RNA moiety of the low abundance human U7 snRNP suggests how the relatively degenerate downstream element of mammalian pre-mRNA's could be recognized by RNA base-pairing.
Circumventing mental health stigma by embracing the warrior culture: Lessons learned from the Defender's Edge program. (2011)

Despite considerable efforts on the part of the Department of Defense, Department of Veterans Affairs, andthe wider mental health community, mental health stigma continues to be a significant barrier to seeking helpbyservicemembers,highlightingtheneedfornewermodesofthought.Asignificantfactorcontributingtothisstigma is the fundamental difference between traditional mental health approaches and the warrior culture. Asa mental health prevention initiative, the Defenders Edge (DEFED) program was specifically developed tofit within the United States Air Force Security Forces (SF) charged with ground combat operations whiledeployed to Iraq. DEFED adopted a strengths-based philosophy and integrated a psychologist into the SFculture. Evaluative feedback from 192 program participants is presented, demonstrating high programmaticacceptability and feasibility suggestive of success in circumventing mental health stigma.Keywords: mental health stigma, military, OEF/OIF, deployment
Characterization of a Sol-Gel Derived Pb(Zr, Ti)O<sub>3</sub> Thin-Film Capacitor with Polycrystalline SrRuO<sub>3</sub> Electrodes (1997)

The characteristics of a sol-gel derived Pb(Zr, TiO) 3 thin-film capacitor with polycrystalline SrRuO 3 electrodes deposited by reactive sputtering were evaluated. A single perovskite phase Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 film with columnar grain structure was formed on SrRuO 3 substrates since nucleation of Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 took place at the interface with SrRuO 3 . A Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 capacitor with top and bottom SrRuO 3 electrodes showed excellent electrical properties. Leakage current densities were around 1×10 -7 A/cm 2 at ±5.0 V. The capacitor exhibited good reversibility at an applied voltage of 3.0 V. Remanent polarization density for 3.0 V was 14.3 µc/cm 2 . Degradation of remanent polarization density was not observed up to switching cycles of 1×10 10 . Polycrystalline SrRuO 3 thin film is expected to be a good candidate for the electrode material of Pb(Zr, Ti)O 3 capacitors.
Skin. (1955)

A reevaluation of the interpretation of findings on the number and types of genes influencing the fate of skin homografts of mice is presented. Continuing observation of 149 grafts revealed 103 successful procedures. The breakdown of successful grafts between strains is given. Except for intrastrain grafting of A/Jax mice, male-to-female grafts generally failed, whereas male-to-male, female-to-female and female-to-male grafts almost always succeeded. The disparity in results and the genetic implications of the data remain to be elucidated.
High speed, high temperature electrical characterization of phase change materials: metastable phases, crystallization dynamics, and resistance drift (2015)

During the fast switching in Ge2Sb2Te5 phase change memory devices, both the amorphous and fcc crystalline phases remain metastable beyond the fcc and hexagonal transition temperatures respectively. In this work, the metastable electrical properties together with crystallization times and resistance drift behaviour of GST are studied using a high-speed, device-level characterization technique in the temperature range of 300 K to 675 K.