gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Wave-front control using liquid-crystal devices (1993)

We report on complete wave-front control with amplitude- and phase-modulation liquid-crystal devices (LCD's). A twisted nematic device is used for amplitude modulation, and an electrically controlled birefringent device is used for phase modulation. Because the LCD's are optically coupled with afocal optics and are driven by individual LCD driver circuits, the amplitude and the phase can be controlled two dimensionally and independently. Complex amplitude data are calculated, and on-axis computergenerated holograms are directly recorded. Furthermore, we discuss LCD performance requirements for high-quality reconstruction.
Resistance to Virus Infection Conferred by the Interferon-Induced Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein (1998)

The interferon (IFN)-induced promyelocytic leukemia (PML) protein is specifically associated with nuclear bodies (NBs) whose functions are yet unknown. Two of the NB-associated proteins, PML and Sp100, are induced by IFN. Here we show that overexpression of PML and not Sp100 induces resistance to infections by vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) (a rhabdovirus) and influenza A virus (an orthomyxovirus) but not by encephalomyocarditis virus (a picornavirus). Inhibition of viral multiplication was dependent on both the level of PML expression and the multiplicity of infection and reached 100-fold. PML was shown to interfere with VSV mRNA and protein synthesis. Compared to the IFN mediator MxA protein, PML had less powerful antiviral activity. While nuclear body localization of PML did not seem to be required for the antiviral effect, deletion of the PML coiled-coil domain completely abolished it. Taken together, these results suggest that PML can contribute to the antiviral state induced in IFN-treated cells.
Impurity Transport in Pfirsch-Schluter Regime for Non-Circular Cross-Section Toroid (1974)

The impurity transport for a non-circular cross-section toroid is calculated. The transport rate in the Pfirsch-Schlüter regime is found to be smaller than that of a circular cross-section torus by the square of the aspect ratio.
Chronic analgesic study on buprenorphine action in cancer pain. Comparison with pentazocine. (1983)

Buprenorphine appears to have an analgesic effect (evaluated after a week of treatment) statistically superior to that of the comparative drug. On the whole, during buprenorphine treatment the normal activities of life of the individual patient improved. The percentage incidence of the side-effects is similar for the two drugs. Buprenorphine, however, caused less intense side-effects than pentazocine.
Co-location surveys & results in GSI's space geodetic network (2005)

We report on the present results of our co-location surveys at our domestic VLBI network sites and a preliminary comparison of VLBI and GPS solutions on a baseline between Tsukuba and Shintotsukawa. The comparison shows no systematic differences exceeding 10 between the two techniques. The biggest errors in co-location surveys lie in coordinate transformation process to align the local tie-vector to a global one.
Treatment of posterior and anterior urethral trauma (2002)

The early detection and appropriate surgical treatment of posterior and anterior urethral injury is crucial for the recovery of urethral function, and avoids many complications.
[Effects of oral administration of bifidobacteria on intestinal microflora in premature and newborn infants]. (2000)

In a prospective, randomised study the effects of orally administered bifidobacteria on the intestinal microflora were investigated in 100 preterm and term neonates under intensive care conditions during the first 21 days of life. The 50 infants (group with bifidobacteria) received lyophilized bifidobacteria (Töpfer Bifidus) via nasogastral tube with an initial dosage of 3 times daily 1.25 x 10(8) bifidobacteria on day 2 of life and a daily dosage of 6 times 1.25 x 10(8) bifidobacteria on day 3 until day 21 of life. The other 50 infants (control group) did not receive bifidobacteria. The preterm and term neonates were fed either with pasteurized mother's milk or milk from healthy female donors (n = 79) or with an infant formula (Alfaré, n = 13) or initially with Alfaré and thereafter with mother's milk (n = 8). The intestinal microflora of preterm and term neonates under intensive care conditions could be influenced by the oral administration of bifidobacteria. The administration of bifidobacteria resulted in the group of inoculated infants in a significantly earlier colonization of bifidobacteria (8.1 +/- 3.9 days of life) than in the control group (11.3 +/- 4.7 days of life). On day 7 a bifidobacterial dominance (> 90% of the intestinal microflora) could be found in 26% of infants with inoculation of bifidobacteria and only in 2% of the control group (p < 0.001). These significant differences could be shown until day 21 of life. A difference in septicemia frequency between the two groups could not be demonstrated. At the beginning of the infection a bifidobacterial dominance was found in only one of 23 cases of septicemia.
Isolation and structure of red pigment from Aspergillus ochraceus Wilh. (1978)

A red pigment which was isolated from cultures of A. ochraceus WILH. IFM 4443 gave neoaspergillic acid (II) and ferric hydroxide by hydrolysis. The mass spectrum of this pigment suggested that three molecules of neoaspergillic acid and one atom of iron made the pigment. β-Hydroxyneoaspergillic acid (V) was also obtained from the same fungus. Its structure was deduced by its spectral evidence and by reduction to deoxy-β-hydroxy-neoaspergillic acid (IV).
Data-Pattern-Aware Error Prevention Technique to Improve System Reliability (2017)

Program disturb, read disturb, and retention time noise are identified as three major contributors to multilevel cell (MLC) NAND flash memory bit errors. With program/erase cycling and technology scaling, bit error rate (BER) of MLC NAND flash memory rapidly increases. Previous works revealed that BER is heavily dependent on data patterns. Based on this observation, we propose data-pattern-aware (DPA) error protection technique to extend the lifespan of NAND flash-based storage systems. DPA manipulates the ratios of 0's and 1's in the stored data to reduce the probability of the data patterns, which are susceptible to device noises. By minimizing the vulnerable data patterns, our scheme can effectively reduce the BER and improves the system endurance. Our DPA scheme also incorporates a data management scheme to minimize the redundancy-induced performance overhead. Simulation results show that our scheme can increase flash system life expectancy by up to 4×.
Sistemas de planificación en dominios en múltiples agentes: bases conceptuales y metodológicas de la coordinación (1997)

Pretendemos sentar las bases conceptuales y metodologicas que fundamentan el diseno de sistemas de planificacion en dominios de multiples agentes. Frente al tradicional diseno de sistemas monoliticos (Inteligencia Artificial) consideramos las ventajas y las limitaciones que supone planificar en entornos donde los agentes deban tener en cuenta, ademas de su propio conocimiento, el conocimiento y las actividades de otros individuo s que en la practica podrian ayudar o dificultar su tarea (Inteligencia Artificial Distribuida). Desde hace apenas dos decadas el estudio de los aspectos mas fundamentales inherentes a la actividad multi-agente ha requerido, por una parte, la re-evaluacion de los conceptos y tecnicas desarrolladas en inteligencia articial para ver hasta que punto los resultados alli extraidos continuaban ahora siendo utiles, y, por otra parte, el estudio de nuevos conceptos y metodos de analisis para profundizar en aquellos problemas especificamente vinculados a este nuevo caracter social de la accion. En particular centramos nuestra atencion en la planificacion multi-agente entendida como un proceso de coherencia y coordinacion a traves de protocolos de comunicacion y negociacion. Consideramos que nuestro trabajo se ubica en un area de investigacion donde confluyen, entre otras, disciplinas como la Ciencia Cognitiva, Ciencias de la Computacion, Psicologia, Sociologia, Logica y Filosofia. Este caracter interdisciplinar exige resultados suficientemente generales como para ser contemplados desde cualquier contexto.
Por ello creemos necesario sentar las bases que en este sentido faciliten la labor.
TREM-1 Activation Alters the Dynamics of Pulmonary IRAK-M Expression In Vivo and Improves Host Defense during Pneumococcal Pneumonia (2009)

Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1 (TREM-1) is an amplifier of TLR-mediated inflammation during bacterial infections. Thus far, TREM-1 is primarily associated with unwanted signs of overwhelming inflammation, rendering it an attractive target for conditions such as sepsis. Respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of sepsis, but the biological role of TREM-1 therein is poorly understood. To determine the function of TREM-1 in pneumococcal pneumonia, we first established TREM-1 up-regulation in infected lungs and human plasma together with augmented alveolar macrophage responsiveness toward Streptococcus pneumoniae. Mice treated with an agonistic TREM-1 Ab and infected with S. pneumoniae exhibited an enhanced early induction of the inflammatory response that was indirectly associated with lower levels of negative regulators of TLR signaling in lung tissue in vivo. Later in infection, TREM-1 engagement altered S. pneumoniae-induced IRAK-M (IL-1R-associated kinase-M) kinetics so as to promote the resolution of pneumonia and remarkably led to an accelerated elimination of bacteria and consequently improved survival. These data show that TREM-1 exerts a protective role in the innate immune response to a common bacterial infection and suggest that caution should be exerted in modulating TREM-1 activity during certain clinically relevant bacterial infections.
Aldols by <i>Michael</i> Addition: Application of the <i>retro‐Michael</i> Addition to the Slow Release of Enones (2005)

Abstract The reversibility of Michael additions was exploited to create Michael adduct profragrances of several enones. Some of them proved to exhibit interesting properties. The synthesis of aldols (3‐hydroxy ketones) by Michael addition also opens a ready access to 1,3‐diketones.
Chemical and Electrochemical Lithiation of LiVOPO<sub>4</sub> Cathodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries (2014)

The theoretical capacity of LiVOPO4 could be increased from 159 to 318 mAh/g with the insertion of a second Li+ ion into the lattice to form Li2VOPO4, significantly enhancing the energy density of lithium-ion batteries. The phase changes accompanying the second Li+ insertion into α-LiVOPO4 and β-LiVOPO4 are presented here at various degrees of lithiation, employing both electrochemical and chemical lithiation. Inductively coupled plasma, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements indicate that a composition of Li2VOPO4 can be realized with an oxidation state of V3+ by the chemical lithiation process. The accompanying structural changes are evidenced by X-ray and neutron powder diffraction. Spectroscopic and diffraction data collected with the chemically lithiated samples as well as diffraction data on the electrochemically lithiated samples reveal that a significant amount of lithium can be inserted into α-LiVOPO4 before a phase change occurs. In contrast, lithiation of β-LiVOPO4 is more consistent with the formation of a two-phase mixture throughout most of the lithiation range. The phases observed with the ambient-temperature lithiation processes presented here are significantly different from those reported in the literature.
Visible light C–H amidation of heteroarenes with benzoyl azides (2014)

Benzoyl azides were used for the direct and atom economic C-H amidation of electron rich heteroarenes in the presence of phosphoric acid, a photocatalyst and visible light. Hetero-aromatic amides are obtained in good yields at very mild reaction conditions with dinitrogen as the only by-product. The reaction allows the use of aryl-, heteroaryl- or alkenyl acyl azides and has a wide scope for heteroarenes, including pyrroles, indole, furan, benzofuran and thiophene giving good regio-selectivities and yields.
Enhancement of Microscopic Images Using Modified Self-Adaptive Plateau Histogram Equalization (2009)

In this paper, we modified a method known as self-adaptive plateau histogram equalization (SAPHE) to enhance microscopic images acquired using optical microscope. First, our method decides the plateau threshold value, automatically; based on the histogram itself. Then, using this plateau threshold, the bins of the histogram are modified. Finally, histogram equalization based on this modified histogram is carried out. Experimental results show that this modified SAPHE method is able to enhance the microscopic images without over amplifying the noise level, as compared with global histogram equalization.
Serotypic and genotypic characterization of human serotype 10 rotaviruses from asymptomatic neonates (1993)

Human rotaviruses were isolated from asymptomatic neonates at various hospitals and clinics in the city of Bangalore, India, and were found to be subgroup I specific and possess long RNA patterns (M. Sukumaran, K. Gowda, P. P. Maiya, T. P. Srinivas, M. S. Kumar, S. Aijaz, R. R. Reddy, L. Padilla, H. B. Greenberg, and C. D. Rao, Arch. Virol. 126:239-251, 1992). Three of these strains were adapted to tissue culture and found by serotype analysis and neutralization assays to be of serotype 10, a serotype commonly found in cattle but infrequently found in humans and not previously identified in neonates. By RNA-RNA hybridization, a high level of relatedness to a serotype 10 bovine rotavirus strain and a low-to-medium level of relatedness to a human rotavirus strain were observed. Since this human isolate shares a genogroup with bovine rotavirus, it is likely that it originated by interspecies transmission. A human rotavirus strain isolated from asymptomatic neonates and similar to bovine rotavirus might represent a good vaccine candidate.
Relation of glucose tolerance factor to impaired intravenous glucose tolerance of rats on stock diets (1959)

Intravenous glucose tolerance tests were made on male Sprague-Dawley rats, raised on different diets. Two natural diets (McCollum's wheat-casein ration and table scraps) produced glucose removal rates of around 4%/min. or more. In rats raised on three commercial pelleted stock rations (Purina, Hunt Club, Rockland) as well as on a semipurified Torula yeast diet, low glucose removal rates of 2.5–2.8%/min. were consistently detected after 20 or more days of feeding. The results are related to the contents, in the investigated diets, of the glucose tolerance factor (GTF), a recently described, water soluble dietary agent of low molecular weight. Development of low glucose removal rates is prevented by dietary supplementation with brewer's yeast, or with GTF concentrates from brewer's yeast or pork kidney powder. The fully developed impairment is cured within 1–2 weeks by the addition of GTF concentrates to the diet. It is also reconstituted to normal within 18 hours after stomach tubing of GTF fractions of widely different degrees of purification. This curative procedure is being used as a 24-hour test for GTF.
Internal Reflection Spectroscopy: Validity of Effective Thickness Equations (1971)

The validity of effective thickness expressions for sample films used in internal reflection spectroscopy is obtained by comparing them to exact computer calculations for various refractive indices, angles of incidence, extinction coefficients, and film thicknesses.
Heat capacity and thermal conductivity of hexagonal pyrolytic boron nitride (1976)

We have measured the heat capacity and thermal conductivity of the layered material hexagonal pyrolytic boron nitride from 2 to 10 K by a pulse-heating technique. The thermal conductivity has also been determined by a steady-state technique from 1.5 to 350 K. At low temperatures, the heat capacity has a ${T}^{3}$ dependence and the thermal conductivity a ${T}^{2.4}$ dependence. Crystallite size was found from transmission electron micrographs. The influence of dislocations on the thermal conductivity is discussed.
Successful Treatment of a Crohn's Disease Patient Infected With Bacteremic Mycobacterium paratuberculosis (2007)

Chamberlin, William M.D.; Ghobrial, George Ph.D.; Chehtane, Mounir M.S.; Naser, Saleh A. Ph.D. Author Information
SUBGEN: a genetic approach for subcircuit extraction (2002)

The problem of finding subcircuits in a larger circuit arises in many contexts in computer-aided design. In this paper, we present an approach to model the subcircuit extraction problem using genetic representation and control and propose a genetic algorithm. The genetic algorithm called SUBGEN, can be applied to identify subcircuits in a large circuit graph and is independent of circuit and technology factors. Results are presented based on applying the proposed algorithm to select CMOS circuits.
일본의 학교건축 연구 동향 (2003)

１. 학교건축에 요구되어지는 것 1-1. 학교건축이 놓여있는 상황 1-2. 미래 사회의 학교에 요구되어지는 것 ２. 배우는 환경으로서의 학교 2-1. Teaching에서 Learning으로 2-2. 건축계획연구의 성과로서 오픈 스페이스 2-3. 오픈 스페이스라고 하는 획일화 ３. 생활환경으로서의 학교 3-1. 풍부한 활동의 장으로서의 학교 3-2. 2차원의 평면에서 3차원의 공간으로 3-3. 가구의 역할 ４. 지역사회 속의 학교 4-1. 지역사회와 함께 있는 학교로 4-2. 작은 학교로서의 존재방식 ５. 사례:우타세 소학교에서 배울 것
Potential Effects of Global Climate Warming on the Growth and Prey Consumption of Great Lakes Fish (1990)

We used fish bioenergetics models to assess the effect ofglobal climate warming on the growth and prey consumption of warm-, cool-, and coldwater fishes at three sites spanning the range of thermal environments in the Great Lakes. Historical air and water temperature data and projected air temperature changes from three global climate models were used as input to regression models, which generated projections of water temperature changes before and after climate warming that would result from a doubling in atmospheric CO2 concentration. The bioenergetics simulations indicated that annual growth by yearling fish would increase with climate warming if prey consumption increased, but would decrease if prey consumption was constant. Changes in growth would be most pronounced in spring and autumn owing to a lengthening of the period during which fishes may behaviorally thermoregulate to find their optimal temperature for growth. Fish unable to thermoregulate (e.g., due to hypolimnetic oxygen depletion) would undergo decreased growth or weight loss in summer in warmer areas of the Great Lakes, where near-surface water temperatures would increase above the fishesˈ optimum. We conclude that food web dynamics and the potential for thermoregulation will greatly influence the direction and magnitude of changes in fish growth as the climate warms.
Developmental Movement Of Standing Long Jump In Elementary School Children By Kinematics Analysis (2010)

Developmental movement of standing long jump in elementary schoolchildren by Kinematics Analysis Zhouye Chen, Yoshimasa Ishii, Yun Wang, and Kazuhiko Watanabe Health and Sports Sciences, Graduate school of Education, Hiroshima University Standing long jump is one of the Japanese fitness tests in elementary school and this performance has been deteriorating since twenty years before. Improvement of the fitness of children is under discussion among sports coaches and teachers now. To study the developmental movement of standing long jump in elementary school children by kinematic analysis. One hundred twenty eight male school children (6-11yrs) and eleven male adults (29.2±5.8 years, 172.9±4.7 cm, 70.6±6.6 kg) were participated in this study. Subjects performed standing long jump as far as possible, and the distance of jump was measured. And the motion of standing long jump was monitored and analyzed using a 2-D video analysis system. During the back-swing of upper limp, the angle of full extension of shoulder joint increased (p < 0.05). During the bending-down of lower limp, the angles of full flexion of the hip and knee joints decreased from the 1st-3rd grade children (6-8 years old) (p < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between the 3rd- 6th grade children (8-11 years old). The time-point of full extension of shoulder joint occurs before the full flexion of hip joint in the 1 st-5th grade children, however these time-points were observed almost in the same time in both the 6th grade children and adults. Performance was significantly related to the parameters in shoulder joint (full extension angle: r = 0.41; full flexion angle: r = 0.31; range motion: r = 0.43; p < 0.05). No significant differences were found between the 6th grade children and adults in all parameters. Our study suggested the motion of the arms is very important for the standing long jump in elementary school children. In the 3rd grade, the motion of standing long jump seems to be almost matured, and there is no significant difference between the 6th grade children and the adults. Depending on age, we should know these characteristics of developmental movement and advice to improve the performance of standing long jump concretely. The results of this study could be taken into consideration when training the standing long jump in elementary school children.
Nucleosides and Nucleotides. 163. Synthesis of 3‘-β-Branched Uridine Derivatives via Intramolecular Reformatsky-Type Reaction Promoted by Samarium Diiodide<sup>1</sup> (1997)

A novel efficient method for the synthesis of 3‘-β-branched uridines starting from uridine was developed, in which a SmI2-promoted intramolecular Reformatsky-type reaction was effectively used. 5‘-O-(Bromoacetyl)-3‘-ketouridine derivatives 12, 26, and 27 were synthesized from uridine and were subjected to an intramolecular Reformatsky-type reaction. When 12, 26, and 27 were treated with 2.0 equiv of SmI2 in THF at −78 °C, intramolecular carbon−carbon bond formation at the 3‘-β-position proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding 3‘,5‘-lactones 14, 28, and 29 in high yields, respectively. Treatment of 28 with NH3/MeOH gave the 3‘-β-branched uridine derivative 32 quantitatively, which was then deprotected to give 3‘-C-(carbamoylmethyl)uridine (33).
Serum trypsin levels in acute pancreatic and non-pancreatic abdominal conditions (1981)

Serum trypsin levels have been estimated by radioimmunoassay in 26 healthy controls (248 +/- 94.9 micrograms/l; mean +/- s.d.), 12 patients with chronic renal failure (1100 +/- 584 micrograms/l), 34 with acute pancreatitis (1399 +/- 618 micrograms/l) and 23 with acute non-pancreatic abdominal conditions. Mean serum trypsin in acute pancreatitis and in chronic renal failure was significantly higher than in control group (P less than 0.001). Serum trypsin levels were well above the upper limit of normality in all patients with acute pancreatitis and in all but one with chronic renal failure. Serum trypsin was markedly raised in one patient with a traumatic haemoperitoneum and in one of the 11 with peptic ulcer perforation, and moderately raised in 3 of the 6 with acute cholecystitis. Determination of serum trypsin seems to be a specific test for acute pancreatitis, provided renal failure has been excluded. However, the authors suggest it should be prospectively measured in a larger series of acute non-pancreatic abdominal conditions.