gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Constructions of One- and Two-Stage Pooling Designs (2008)

The study of gene functions requires a DNA library of high quality, such a library is obtained from a large mount of testing and screening. Pooling design is a very helpful tool for reducing the number of tests for DNA library screening. In this paper, we present new one- and two-stage pooling designs, together with new probabilistic pooling designs. The approach in this paper works for both error-free and error-tolerance scenarios.
The Open World of Micro-Videos (2016)

Micro-videos are six-second videos popular on social media networks with several unique properties. Firstly, because of the authoring process, they contain significantly more diversity and narrative structure than existing collections of video "snippets". Secondly, because they are often captured by hand-held mobile cameras, they contain specialized viewpoints including third-person, egocentric, and self-facing views seldom seen in traditional produced video. Thirdly, due to to their continuous production and publication on social networks, aggregate micro-video content contains interesting open-world dynamics that reflects the temporal evolution of tag topics. These aspects make micro-videos an appealing well of visual data for developing large-scale models for video understanding. We analyze a novel dataset of micro-videos labeled with 58 thousand tags. To analyze this data, we introduce viewpoint-specific and temporally-evolving models for video understanding, defined over state-of-the-art motion and deep visual features. We conclude that our dataset opens up new research opportunities for large-scale video analysis, novel viewpoints, and open-world dynamics.
SELECTION OF A SUITABLE METHOD FOR THE SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES (2012)

Various methods for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles employing chemical, physical and biological techniques considering bottom-up and top-down methods synthesis have been studied. The properties of copper nanoparticles depend largely on their synthesis procedures. The results from various investigations performed by different scientists using these methods have been summarized. The applications, characterization techniques, advantages and disadvantages of each synthesis method are also the point of discussion. A detailed study of the results reveals that chemical reduction methods are most suitable for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. Chemical reduction of copper salts using ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a new and green approach in which ascorbic acid is used both as the reduction and capping agent. This approach is the most effective and is also economical. Wide applications have been reported in various fields, including heat transfer, catalyst production, electronics and medicine at a commercial scale. This process is nontoxic, environment-friendly and economical. The applications, characterization techniques, advantages and disadvantages of each synthesis method have been presented.
Production of an anti-tumour cytotoxin by human monocytes. (1981)

Human monocytes incubated in vitro for 20 hr at 37 degrees release a factor which is cytotoxic to a number of human and murine tumour cell lines: untransformed cells appear to be less susceptible. A similar factor is produced under comparable conditions by myelomonocytic leukaemic cells and by macrophages derived from monocytes by in vitro culture for 8 days. Maximum production of the factor occurred in the presence of foetal calf serum or autologous plasma and endotoxin. The factor is newly synthesized in culture as its production is reduced if the monocytes are treated with cycloheximide or actinomycin D or incubated at lower temperatures. Freshly isolated monocytes do not release the factor on freeze--thaw or hypotonic lysis. The monocyte cytotoxin has apparent molecular weights of 34,000 on Ultrogel AcA54 gel filtration and 140,000 on gradient polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis; it has beta 2--gamma 1 electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel and does not appear to be C3a or arginase.
Protecting the source (2000)

The city of New York is engaged in a five-year, $1.5 billion effort to protect water quality in the upstate watersheds that are the source of its drinking water. Under the terms of a 1997 memorandum of agreement among watershed stakeholders, the city is implementing diverse watershed management projects including upgrading wastewater treatment plants, repairing septic systems, acquiring land, encouraging best management practices on farms, and many others. Also in 1997, on the basis of these efforts, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) granted the city a five-year waiver, called a filtration avoidance determination, of its requirements that the city build a filtration plant for the Catskill and Delaware watersheds, which according to city estimates would cost $4 billion to $6 billion. The city has passed the halfway mark toward the 2002 deadline when the EPA will evaluate its progress and decide whether to renew the waiver. In a mid-course review released this year, the EPA pointed out two critical areas in which the city needed to improve: acquiring land around Kensico Reservoir, and upgrading non-city-owned wastewater treatment plants. The city remains confident that it can meet the deadline, but some questions remain whether watershed management alone can guarantee a safe water supply.
Structural and Electronic Peierls Distortions in the Elements (A): The Crystal Structure of Tellurium (2002)

The thermodynamically stable tellurium phase (standard conditions) in the trigonal α-Se structure type may be understood to arise from a three-dimensional Peierls distortion away from a simple cubic structure. Three-dimensional electronic structure calculations from first principles reveal that the simple cubic structure exhibits partially filled bands which are folded back when using a hexagonal coordinate system with a tripled volume. The symmetry-lowering transition from the cubic to the experimentally observed structure is paralled by a removal of band degeneracies and crossings, opening a band gap at the Fermi level. Strukturelle und Elektronische Peierls-Verzerrungen in den Elementen (A): Die Kristallstruktur des Tellurs Die unter Standardbedingungen thermodynamisch stabile Phase des Tellurs im trigonalen α-Se-Strukturtyp läßt sich als Ergebnis einer dreidimensionalen Peierls-Verzerrung aus einer kubisch-primitiven Struktur verstehen. Voraussetzungsfreie dreidimensionale Rechnungen zur elektronischen Struktur ergeben, daß die kubisch-primitive Struktur teilgefüllte Bänder aufweist, die bei Benutzung eines hexagonalen Achsensystems mit dreifachem Volumen zurückgefaltet werden. Der unter Symmetrieabbau verlaufende Übergang von der kubischen zur experimentell beobachteten Struktur wird von verschwindenden Bandentartungen und Bandkreuzungen begleitet, die ihrerseits zur Öffnung einer Bandlücke führen.
Distribution of news information through social bookmarking: an examination of shared stories in the Delicious Website (2009)

Introduction. This study examined the selection and sharing of news stories from Delicious, a popular social bookmarking site, in order to identify the most frequently consulted news information sources and news topics.
Method. Targeting US-specific sources through initial computer screening of URLs, we employed content analysis to further analyse story topics and sources that were unclassified through the initial computer screening method.
Analysis. After examining frequencies and percentages of the variables, a qualitative analysis was employed to assess relationships between story sources and story topics.
Results. Findings document the diverse nature of stories from both traditional and new media channels. Social media sources, primarily blogs, are growing as a major news source. Prominent traditional news media were not exclusively used, and the sheer volume of uncategorized pages suggests that online news seekers consider alternative Web pages encountered during casual navigation as news sources.
Conclusions. What online news audiences consider to be news is becoming increasingly broad and complex with unclassified sources dominating tagged stories. New information sources appear to make up for deficient story topics in the mainstream media.
Combined transmitter and receiver optimization for multiple-antenna frequency-selective channels (2003)

Using multiple antennas in the transmitter and/or in the receiver and exploiting all available knowledge about the channel in both the receiver and transmitter, the link capacity can be increased or the transmit power can be decreased. CDMA signals in frequency-selective channels can be preprocessed in the transmitter and postprocessed in the receiver with FIR filters to maximize the SNR at the receiver. The generalized selection combining (GSC) multiple input -multiple output (MIMO) eigen-precoder optimizes the SNR for reduced complexity receivers and transmitters. The capacity gains for different antenna configurations and frequency-selective channels are given.
Articular Damage in Arthritis and Its Control (1978)

Erosion of joint surfaces in arthritic conditions is always associated with the degradation of the two principal matrix macromolecules of cartilage, proteoglycan and collagen. The major enzymes thought to be involved in articular catabolism have not been isolated, purified, and their properties studied, but precise spatial and temporal activities are still imperfectly understood. We are beginning to understand some aspects of cellular function in the control of catabolic enzyme function. Recent studies on molecular, cellular, and tissue mechanisms in this process are discussed here. Of particular interest is a possible natural control mechanism involving a recently discovered inhibitor of collagenase. A newly developed pharmacologic method of inflammation control utilizes the properties of liposomes in the closed environment of the joint cavity. Very low doses of modified steroids encapsulated within liposomes are capable of substantially reducing inflammation in experimentally arthritic animals and may be applicable to man.
Multimicroprocessor-Based Control System for Quick Response Induction Motor Drive (1985)

Two types of vector control induction motor are discussed. One is the conventional vector control with high gain current feedback loop, the other is the decoupling control based on the voltage model of an induction motor with no current feedback. Several comparison tests show the superiorities of the decoupling control. The multimicroprocessor-based hardware configuration is presented.
Heat exchanges in wet suits (1985)

Flow of water under foam neoprene wet suits could halve insulation that the suits provided, even at rest in cold water. On the trunk conductance of this flow was approximately 6.6 at rest and 11.4 W . m-2 . C-1 exercising; on the limbs, it was only 3.4 at rest and 5.8 W . m-2 . degrees C-1 exercising; but during vasoconstriction in the cold, skin temperatures on distal parts of limbs were lower than were those of the trunk, allowing adequate metabolic responses. In warm water, minor postural changes and movement made flow under suits much higher, approximately 60 on trunk and 30 W . m-2 . degrees C-1 on limbs, both at rest and at work. These changes in flow allowed for a wide range of water temperatures at which people could stabilize body temperature in any given suit, neither overheating when exercising nor cooling below 35 degrees C when still. Even thin people with 4- or 7- mm suits covering the whole body could stabilize their body temperatures in water near 10 degrees C in spite of cold vasodilatation. Equations to predict limits of water temperature for stability with various suits and fat thicknesses are given.
Randomized Phase II Study of the Anti–Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Monoclonal Antibody Cetuximab With Cisplatin Versus Cisplatin Alone in Patients With Metastatic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (2013)

While the primary study end point was not met, adding cetuximab to cisplatin doubled the ORR and appeared to prolong PFS and OS, warranting further investigation in mTNBC.
Efficient and Rapid C. elegans Transgenesis by Bombardment and Hygromycin B Selection (2013)

We report a simple, cost-effective, scalable and efficient method for creating transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans that requires minimal hands-on time. The method combines biolistic bombardment with selection for transgenics that bear a hygromycin B resistance gene on agar plates supplemented with hygromycin B, taking advantage of our observation that hygromycin B is sufficient to kill wild-type C. elegans at very low concentrations. Crucially, the method provides substantial improvements in the success of bombardments for isolating transmitting strains, the isolation of multiple independent strains, and the isolation of integrated strains: 100% of bombardments in a large data set yielded transgenics; 10 or more independent strains were isolated from 84% of bombardments, and up to 28 independent strains were isolated from a single bombardment; 82% of bombardments yielded stably transmitting integrated lines with most yielding multiple integrated lines. We anticipate that the selection will be widely adopted for C. elegans transgenesis via bombardment, and that hygromycin B resistance will be adopted as a marker in other approaches for manipulating, introducing or deleting DNA in C. elegans.
γ–α Solid–solid transition of isotactic polypropylene (1968)

Abstract X‐ray diffraction patterns have been taken as a function of time and temperature on a sample of polypropylene held under high pressure (4.14 kbar) for 180 hr. at a temperature of 248°C. and subsequently cooled to room temperature. The molded sample initially crystallizes in the triclinic γ–phase but transforms to the γ–phase at elevated temperatures. The rate of conversion from γ to α is a function of time and temperature and tends to approach a constant value with increasing time. The nature of the thermal changes occurring in the sample was also studied by differential scanning calorimetry. It appears that at low scan speeds, there is a solid–solid transformation from the α‐phase to the γ–phase, but at high scan speeds, the γ–phase melts without conversion to the α‐phase.
Oligodentate P,N ligands: N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,3-diaminobenzene complexes of rhodium, nickel and palladium (2005)

The oligodentate P,N ligand N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,3-diaminobenzene reacts with two equivalents of [{Rh(mu-Cl)(COD)}(2)], [NiBr(2)(DME)] or [PdCl(2)(NCMe)(2)](COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene, DME = dimethoxyethane) in dichloromethane to give the tetranuclear complex [1,3-{cis-Rh(COD)(mu-Cl)(2)Rh(PPh(2))(2)N}(2)C(6)H(4)](1) or the dinuclear complexes [1,3-{cis-NiBr(2)(PPh(2))(2)N}(2)C(6)H(4)](2) and [1,3-{cis-PdCl(2)(PPh(2))(2)N}(2)C(6)H(4)](3), respectively. Compounds 1-3 were characterised by NMR ((1)H, (13)C, (31)P) and IR spectroscopy. The molecular structure of 2 and 3 shows the formation of a bis-chelate complex with M-P-N-P four-membered rings (M = Pd, Ni). An N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(diphenylphosphanyl)-1,3-diaminobenzene/Pd(OAc)(2) mixture was used for the copolymerisation of carbon monoxide with ethene or ethylidenenorbornene. Compound 1 was employed as catalyst in the hydrogenation of styrene.
An approach to assess the responsive residential demand to financial incentives (2015)

Due to the development of intelligent energy management system with automatic control, the large population of residential appliances have the opportunity to be effectively utilized by load serving entities (LSEs) to reduce their operating costs and increase total profit. In practice, LSEs are promoting various demand response (DR) programs to stimulate the flexibility of industrial and commercial demand. However, in the residential sector, due to customers' versatile electricity consumption patterns, fully utilizing the responsive residential demand through DR programs such as incentive based demand response (I-DR) is difficult. Specifically, in I-DR, the most crucial issue for LSEs is how to estimate the residents' potential responses to certain financial incentives. Therefore, this paper presents an approach which integrates three data sets (1. the residential energy consumption survey by the U.S. energy information administration; 2. the American time use survey by the U.S. Department of Labor; and 3. the survey of customers' reactions to financial incentives in DR program by the center for ultra-wide-area resilient electric energy transmission networks) to assess responsive residential demand in a stochastic model. This proposed approach can be easily customized for any given times, locations, financial incentives, and residents' portfolios. Also, it will help LSEs get the valuable insights on regulating the residential demand by adjusting the financial incentives to customers and improving the mechanism existing demand response programs.
OLIG2 (BHLHB1), a bHLH Transcription Factor, Contributes to Leukemogenesis in Concert with LMO1 (2005)

OLIG2 (originally designated BHLHB1) encodes a transcription factor that contains the basic helix-loop-helix motif. Although expression of OLIG2 is normally restricted to neural tissues, overexpression of OLIG2 has been shown in patients with precursor T-cell lymphoblastic lymphoma/leukemia (pre-T LBL). In the current study, we found that overexpression of OLIG2 was not only found in oligodendroglioma samples and normal neural tissue but also in a wide spectrum of malignant cell lines including leukemia, non-small cell lung carcinoma, melanoma, and breast cancer cell lines. To investigate whether enforced expression of OLIG2 is oncogenic, we generated transgenic mice that overexpressed OLIG2 in the thymus. Ectopic OLIG2 expression in the thymus was only weakly oncogenic as only 2 of 85 mice developed pre-T LBL. However, almost 60% of transgenic mice that overexpressed both OLIG2 and LMO1 developed pre-T LBL with large thymic tumor masses. Gene expression profiling of thymic tumors that developed in OLIG2/LMO1 mice revealed up-regulation of Notch1 as well as Deltex1 (Dtx1) and pre T-cell antigen receptor alpha (Ptcra), two genes that are considered to be downstream of Notch1. Of note, we found mutations in the Notch1 heterodimerization or proline-, glutamic acid-, serine-, and threonine-rich domain in three of six primary thymic tumors. In addition, growth of leukemic cell lines established from OLIG2/LMO1 transgenic mice was suppressed by a gamma-secretase inhibitor, suggesting that Notch1 up-regulation is important for the proliferation of OLIG2-LMO1 leukemic cells.
Microvolt T‐Wave Alternans During Exercise and Pacing in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction (2005)

Cardiac Arrhythmias and Risk Stratification after Myocardial infarction (CARISMA) is a prospective multicenter trial designed to document the incidence of cardiac arrhythmias after acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and to assess the predictive accuracy of various arrhythmic risk markers. In this substudy of the CARISMA trial, microvolt T-wave alternans (TWA) was assessed with specific equipment 6 weeks after AMI during bicycle exercise, atrial (A) pacing, and simultaneous ventricular and atrial (V + A) pacing in 80 patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <40%. The agreement between the acute test results was determined by overall proportion of concordance and the kappa statistic. Sustained TWA was observed in 24, 45, and 50% of the patients during the exercise test, A pacing, and V + A pacing, respectively. The number of indeterminate TWA was significantly lower during V + A pacing (n = 7) than exercise test (n = 34). The TWA concordance rate was 71% between exercise and V + A pacing (kappa= 0.53, P = 0.001), 79% between exercise and A pacing (kappa= 0.54, P < 0.001), and 95% between the two pacing modes (kappa= 0.89, P < 0.001). Patients with positive TWA in all tests had lower LVEF (28 +/- 7% vs 35 +/- 9%, P < 0.01) and wider QT dispersion (99 +/- 44 ms vs 67 +/- 38 ms, P < 0.01) than those with inconsistent test result. The low number of indeterminate tests and high concordance between the test results indicate that V + A pacing may provide a valuable means to assess TWA in patients who cannot complete the exercise test.
Genome-wide transcriptional analysis of the human cell cycle identifies genes differentially regulated in normal and cancer cells (2008)

Characterization of the transcriptional regulatory network of the normal cell cycle is essential for understanding the perturbations that lead to cancer. However, the complete set of cycling genes in primary cells has not yet been identified. Here, we report the results of genome-wide expression profiling experiments on synchronized primary human foreskin fibroblasts across the cell cycle. Using a combined experimental and computational approach to deconvolve measured expression values into "single-cell" expression profiles, we were able to overcome the limitations inherent in synchronizing nontransformed mammalian cells. This allowed us to identify 480 periodically expressed genes in primary human foreskin fibroblasts. Analysis of the reconstructed primary cell profiles and comparison with published expression datasets from synchronized transformed cells reveals a large number of genes that cycle exclusively in primary cells. This conclusion was supported by both bioinformatic analysis and experiments performed on other cell types. We suggest that this approach will help pinpoint genetic elements contributing to normal cell growth and cellular transformation.
Liver-derived cell-free nucleic acids in plasma: Biology and applications in liquid biopsies (2019)

There is much global research interest surrounding the use of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) for liquid biopsies. cfDNA-based non-invasive prenatal testing for foetal chromosomal aneuploidies was the first successful application of cfDNA technology that transformed clinical practice - it has since been rapidly adopted in dozens of countries and is used by millions of pregnant women every year. Prompted by such developments, efforts to use cfDNA in other fields, especially for cancer detection and monitoring have been actively pursued in recent years. Cancer-associated aberrations including single nucleotide mutations, copy number aberrations, aberrations in methylation and alterations in DNA fragmentation patterns have been detected in the cfDNA of patients suffering from a wide variety of cancers. In addition, the analysis of methylation and fragmentomic patterns has enabled the tissue origin of cfDNA to be determined. In this review, different approaches for detecting circulating liver-derived nucleic acids and cancer-associated aberrations, as well as their potential clinical applications for the detection, monitoring and management of hepatocellular carcinoma, will be discussed.
Studies on fused indoles. I. Novel synthesis of 4-aminomethyltetrahydrothiopyrano(2,3-b)indoles through a thio-Claisen rearrangement. (1984)

Two novel and simple methods for preparing 4-aminomethyl-2, 3, 4, 9-tetrahydrothiopyrano [2, 3-b] indoles are described. Both involve thio-Claisen rearrangements of indol-2-yl propargyl sulfides as a key step which affords thiopyrano [2, 3-b] indoles in good yields. Elaboration of these compounds led to fused tryptamine analogues which were found to have strong analgesic activity. The mechanism of this novel rearrangement is discussed.