gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptation to Visuomotor Transformations: Consolidation, Interference, and Forgetting (2005)

The paradigm task A-->task B-->task A, which varies the time interval between task A and task B, has been used extensively to investigate the consolidation of motor memory. Consolidation is defined as resistance to retrograde interference (interference by task B on initial learning of task A). Consolidation has been demonstrated for simple skills, motor sequencing, and learning of force fields. In contrast, evidence to date suggests that visuomotor learning does not consolidate. We have shown previously that adaptation to a 30 degrees screen-cursor rotation is faster and more complete on relearning 24 hr later. This improvement is prevented if a 30 degrees counter-rotation is learned 5 min after the original rotation. Here, we sought to identify conditions under which rotation learning becomes resistant to interference by a counter-rotation. In experiment 1, we found that interference persists even when the counter-rotation is learned 24 hr after the initial rotation. In experiment 2, we removed potential anterograde interference (interference by task B on relearning of task A) by introducing washout blocks before all of the learning blocks. In contrast to experiment 1, we found resistance to interference (i.e., consolidation) when the counter-rotation was learned after 24 hr but not after 5 min. In experiment 3, we doubled the amount of initial rotation learning and found resistance to interference even after 5 min. Our results suggest that persistent interference is attributable to anterograde effects on memory retrieval. When anterograde effects are removed, rotation learning consolidates both over time and with increased initial training.
Transcription factor ISL1 is essential for pacemaker development and function (2015)

The sinoatrial node (SAN) maintains a rhythmic heartbeat; therefore, a better understanding of factors that drive SAN development and function is crucial to generation of potential therapies, such as biological pacemakers, for sinus arrhythmias. Here, we determined that the LIM homeodomain transcription factor ISL1 plays a key role in survival, proliferation, and function of pacemaker cells throughout development. Analysis of several Isl1 mutant mouse lines, including animals harboring an SAN-specific Isl1 deletion, revealed that ISL1 within SAN is a requirement for early embryonic viability. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) analyses of FACS-purified cells from ISL1-deficient SANs revealed that a number of genes critical for SAN function, including those encoding transcription factors and ion channels, were downstream of ISL1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays performed with anti-ISL1 antibodies and chromatin extracts from FACS-purified SAN cells demonstrated that ISL1 directly binds genomic regions within several genes required for normal pacemaker function, including subunits of the L-type calcium channel, Ank2, and Tbx3. Other genes implicated in abnormal heart rhythm in humans were also direct ISL1 targets. Together, our results demonstrate that ISL1 regulates approximately one-third of SAN-specific genes, indicate that a combination of ISL1 and other SAN transcription factors could be utilized to generate pacemaker cells, and suggest ISL1 mutations may underlie sick sinus syndrome.
간경변증환자의 신장기능에 관한 연구 (1970)

Serum creatinine concentration, creatinine clearance, urinary excretion of creatinine and daily amount of urinary protein were studied from 29 patients of hepatic cirrhosis, The results obtained were as follows; 1. Creatinine clearance of 29 patients of hepatic cirrhosis was 68±23 ml/min/l. 73M2 and they were diminished comparing the normal level of 18 healthy persons of 121±16 ml/min/1. 73M2. Urinary excretion of protein were 484±369 mg/24hrs. 3. The more amount of ascites, the lesser creatinine clearance but no relationship between the amount of ascites and urinary excretion of protein. 4. There were no correlation between creatinine clearance, urinary excretion of protein and consciousness, status of hepatic function and serum electrolytes concentration. 5. Diminution of creatinine clearance were preceded the significant azotemia and was not found in the cases of oliguric patients.
Limitations to peak continuous wave power in high power broad area single emitter 980 nm diode lasers (2009)

Micro-channel cooling of 975nm single emitter broad area lasers has largely eliminated current heating as a power limitation. Instead, the peak achievable power is limited by high-current driven minority carrier accumulation in the waveguide. In order to enable higher powers, the copper carrier was replaced with a water-cooled microchannel heatsink. In previous studies of broad area lasers under short-pulse condition, rollover was also observed, even in the absence of current heating. This was found to correlate with minority carrier accumulation in the waveguide layer. Such accumulation can be observed experimentally via studies of the spontaneous emission. Carriers in the waveguide recombine and emit light in all directions - such emission can be separated spatially from stimulated (lasing) emission by measurements at a wide angle. In these devices, we also observe such carrier accumulation in the waveguide layers and such accumulation may be due to fundamental phonon-loss mechanisms.
Unknown-multiple speaker clustering using HMM (2002)

An HMM-based speaker clustering framework is presented, where the number of speakers and segmentation boundaries are unknown \\emph{a priori}. Ideally, the system aims to create one pure cluster for each speaker. The HMM is ergodic in nature with a minimum duration topology. The final number of clusters is determined automatically by merging closest clusters and retraining this new cluster, until a decrease in likelihood is observed. In the same framework, we also examine the effect of using only the features from highly voiced frames as a means of improving the robustness and computational complexity of the algorithm. The proposed system is assessed on the 1996 HUB-4 evaluation test set in terms of both cluster and speaker purity. It is shown that the number of clusters found often correspond to the actual number of speakers.
<i>In vivo</i>two-photon microscopy reveals immediate microglial reaction to implantation of microelectrode through extension of processes (2012)

A precise temporal understanding of the cellular response to microelectrode implantation will facilitate the search for molecular cues initiating and attenuating the reactive tissue response.
Mediabeads: an architecture for path-enhanced media applications (2005)

Tagging digital media, such as photos and videos, with capture time and location information has previously been proposed to enhance its organization and presentation. We believe that the full path traveled during media capture, rather than just the media capture locations, provides a much richer context for understanding and "re-living" a trip experience, and offers many possibilities for novel applications. We introduce the concept of path-enhanced media, in which media is associated and stored together with a densely sampled path in time and space and we present the MediaBeads architecture for capturing, representing, browsing, editing, presenting, and searching this data. The architecture includes, among other things, novel data representations, new algorithms for automatically building movie-like presentations of trips, and novel search applications.
Role of sodium-hydrogen exchange in the proliferation of immortalised lymphoblasts from patients with essential hypertension and normotensive subjects (1995)

Objective: The aim was to investigate the effect of ethylisopropylamiloride (EIPA), an inhibitor of Na+/H+ exchange, and of extracellular pH on the proliferation of immortalised lymphoblasts derived from patients with essential hypertension and normotensive controls. Methods: Na+/H+ exchange activity was determined in cells loaded with the fluorescent pH indicator BCECF. Cell proliferation was determined by FACS analysis, by cell counting, and from the incorporation of [3H]-thymidine. Results: EIPA inhibited the Na+/H+ exchanger with an average K1 value of 14 nM in all cell lines. Cell growth and DNA synthesis were only inhibited at EIPA concentrations >10 μM suggesting a non-specific effect independent of Na+/H+ exchanger blockade. When extracellular pH was varied from 7.1 to 7.7 by changing the HCO3− concentration at constant Pco2, cell proliferation was optimal at pH 7.4, but reduced at acidic and alkaline pH in cells from normotensive and hypertensive subjects. The increased proliferation of lymphoblasts from hypertensive subjects persisted over the whole pH range. Comparable results were obtained when pH was altered by varying the Pco2 at constant HCO3−. Preincubation of cells with pertussis toxin inhibited serum stimulated DNA synthesis by 14.5% and 23.5% (P = 0.02) in cell lines from normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Conclusions: The enhanced Na+/H+ exchanger activity in lymphoblasts from patients with essential hypertension is obviously not the major determinant of the enhanced proliferation of these cells. The increased sensitivity of the growth of “hypersensitive” cell lines to pertussis toxin suggests a cellular alteration which resides upstream of Na+/H+ exchange activity and proliferation control.
A photoannulation route to naphthalenes from cyclic ketones (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA photoannulation route to naphthalenes from cyclic ketonesRobert J. Olsen, John C. Minniear, W. Mack Overton, and John M. SherrickCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 3, 989–991Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00003a018https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00003a018research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
DNA Hypermethylation Status of Multiple Genes in Prostate Adenocarcinomas (2002)

Multiple genetic mutations and epigenetic methylation are believed to be involved in prostate carcinogenesis, but it is not known whether these events are independent or correlated in some fashion. We therefore studied 32 prostate adenocarcinomas not only for deletions and / or mutations of multiple suspect genes, but also for aberrant DNA methylation using methylation-specific PCR (MSP). Of those genes examined, p16(INK4a), O(6)-MGMT, and GST-P were found to be the most frequently methylated (66%, 25% and 75% of cases, respectively), while methylations of p14(ARF), RB1, p21(Waf1), and p27(Kip1) were far less common (3%, 6%, 6% and 6% of cases, respectively). Methylation of O(6)-MGMT and GST-P genes was defective in about 19% of the cases and there were occasional simultaneous deletions and methylations of p14(ARF) and p16(INK4a) genes (13% and 3% of cases, respectively). In p16(INK4a), methylation occurred in the promoter region in 9% of samples and in exon 2 in 66% of tumors. Hypermethylation of O(6)-MGMT with concurrent p53 and ras gene mutations were found in 6% and 13% of specimens, respectively; among those tumors with high Gleason scores were 2 carcinomas showing hypermethylated O(6)-MGMT with G-to-A transitions in K-ras. Our results demonstrate that multiple genes of a subset common in prostate carcinomas are methylated and not infrequently show concurrent deletions. Further, there is a suggestion that specific combinations of hypermethylation and mutation correlate to tumor malignancy.
ML212: A small-molecule probe for investigating fluconazole resistance mechanisms in <i>Candida albicans</i> (2013)

The National Institutes of Health Molecular Libraries and Probe Production Centers Network (NIH-MLPCN) screened >300,000 compounds to evaluate their ability to restore fluconazole susceptibility in resistant Candida albicans isolates. Additional counter screens were incorporated to remove substances inherently toxic to either mammalian or fungal cells. A substituted indazole possessing the desired bioactivity profile was selected for further development, and initial investigation of structure-activity relationships led to the discovery of ML212.
A unified transformation function for lower and upper bounding constraints on model parameters in electrical and electromagnetic inversion (2010)

Since many geophysical inverse problems are ill-posed, implementation of model parameter constraints is important in reducing solution ambiguity. This paper presents a unified transformation function for enforcing lower and upper bounds on model parameters to restrict model updates during the inversion process such that unrealistic results are suppressed. The transformation is realized using a logarithmic or inverse hyperbolic tangent function on model parameters, and contains the conventional transformations as special cases. It is straightforward to recast the cost functional gradient in terms of the transformed variable. The interval between lower and upper bounds reflects the reliability of a priori information, which may be obtained from well logging and surface geological surveys. Tests on a synthetic crosswell electromagnetic example reveal that the use of bound constraints is effective in deriving valid physical results from inversion.
Novel Intraperitoneal Treatment With Non-Thermal Plasma-Activated Medium Inhibits Metastatic Potential of Ovarian Cancer Cells (2017)

Non-thermal atmospheric pressure plasma has been proposed as a new therapeutic tool for cancer treatment. Recently, plasma-activated medium (PAM) has been widely studied in various cancer types. However, there are only few reports demonstrating the anti-tumour effects of PAM in an animal model reflecting pathological conditions and the accompanying mechanism. Here we investigated the inhibitory effect of PAM on the metastasis of ovarian cancer ES2 cells in vitro and in vivo. We demonstrated that ES2 cell migration, invasion and adhesion were suppressed by PAM at a certain PAM dilution ratio, whereas cell viability remained unaffected. In an in vivo mouse model of intraperitoneal metastasis, PAM inhibited peritoneal dissemination of ES2 cells, resulting in prolonged survival. Moreover, we assessed the molecular mechanism and found that MMP-9 was decreased by PAM. On further investigation, we also found that PAM prevented the activation of the MAPK pathway by inhibiting the phosphorylation of JNK1/2 and p38 MAPK. These findings indicate that PAM inhibits the metastasis of ovarian cancer cells through reduction of MMP-9 secretion, which is critical for cancer cell motility. Our findings suggest that PAM intraperitoneal therapy may be a promising treatment option for ovarian cancer.
Library-based display technologies: where do we stand? (2016)

Over the past two decades, library-based display technologies have been staggeringly optimized since their appearance in order to mimic the process of natural molecular evolution. Display technologies are essential for the isolation of specific high-affinity binding molecules (proteins, polypeptides, nucleic acids and others) for diagnostic and therapeutic applications in cancer, infectious diseases, autoimmune, neurodegenerative, inflammatory pathologies etc. Applications extend to other fields such as antibody and enzyme engineering, cell-free protein synthesis and the discovery of protein-protein interactions. Phage display technology is the most established of these methods but more recent fully in vitro alternatives, such as ribosome display, mRNA display, cis-activity based (CIS) display and covalent antibody display (CAD), as well as aptamer display and in vitro compartmentalization, offer advantages over phage in library size, speed and the display of unnatural amino acids and nucleotides. Altogether, they have produced several molecules currently approved or in diverse stages of clinical or preclinical testing and have provided researchers with tools to address some of the disadvantages of peptides and nucleotides such as their low affinity, low stability, high immunogenicity and difficulty to cross membranes. In this review we assess the fundamental technological features and point out some recent advances and applications of display technologies.
Establishing Communication Between Artificial Cells (2019)

Communication between artificial cells is essential for the realization of complex dynamical behaviors at the multi-cell level. It is also an important prerequisite for modular systems design, because it determines how spatially separated functional modules can coordinate their actions. Among others, molecular communication is required for artificial cell signaling, synchronization of cellular behaviors, computation, group-level decision-making processes and pattern formation in artificial tissues. In this review, an overview of various recent approaches to create communicating artificial cellular systems is provided. In this context, important physicochemical boundary conditions that have to be considered for the design of the communicating cells are also described, and a survey of the most striking emergent behaviors that may be achieved in such systems is given.
Norovirus-binding proteins recovered from activated sludge micro-organisms with an affinity to a noroviral capsid peptide (2010)

NoVBPs could be natural viral ligands and play an important role in the NoV transmission.
The Association of Notch2 and NF-κB Accelerates RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis (2008)

Notch signaling plays a key role in various cell differentiation processes including bone homeostasis. However, the specific involvement of Notch in regulating osteoclastogenesis is still controversial. In the present study, we show that RANKL induces expression of Jagged1 and Notch2 in bone marrow macrophages during osteoclast differentiation. Suppression of Notch signaling by a selective gamma-secretase inhibitor or Notch2 short hairpin RNA suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis. In contrast, induction of Notch signaling by Jagged1 or by ectopic expression of intracellular Notch2 enhances NFATc1 promoter activity and expression and promotes osteoclastogenesis. Finally, we found that Notch2 and p65 interact in the nuclei of RANKL-stimulated cells and that both proteins are recruited to the NFATc1 promoter, driving its expression. Taken together, our results show a new molecular cross talk between Notch and NF-kappaB pathways that is relevant in osteoclastogenesis.
Structure-based de novo design and identification of D816V mutant-selective c-KIT inhibitors (2014)

To identify potent and selective inhibitors of D816V, the most common gain-of-function c-KIT mutant, we carried out structure-based de novo design using 7-azaindole as the core and the scoring function improved by implementing an accurate solvation free energy term. This approach led to the identification of new c-KIT inhibitors specific for the D816V mutant. The 3-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-7-azaindole scaffold was optimized and represents a lead structure for the design of the potent and specific inhibitors of the D816V mutant. The results of molecular dynamics simulations indicate that hydrogen bonding interactions between the 7-azadindole moiety and the backbone groups of Cys673 are the most significant determinant for the potency and selectivity of c-KIT inhibitors.
Parent Participation and Preschool Drug Prevention Programs (1991)

†Correspondence: full-time doctoral student, majoring in health policy at Indiana University, in Indianapolis, Indiana. She is also an adjunct assistant professor at Ball State University, School of Nursing Muncie, Indiana and a certified Beginning Alcohol and Addictions Basic Education Studies (BABES) presenter since 1986, assisting in training BABES presenters in Indiana. In 1988, she was named the Indiana Nurses″ Foundation Scholar of the year for excellence in clinical research for the study of primary prevention of alcohol and other drug abuse with at-risk parents and preschool children. Ms. Hahn is currently funded through an NIH institutional research training grant to complete dissertation research on “Predictors of Parent Involvement in Drug Prevention.”
Oxidative stress in anemia. (2000)

The increased formation of reactive oxygen species under hypoxic conditions often appears paradoxical. A prooxidant shift results from changes in cellular metabolism (especially energy metabolism), higher flux rates in catecholamine metabolism and permanent leukocyte activation. These mechanisms of increased free radical production then find themselves opposed by an antioxidant system that is markedly weakened by anemia. The erythrocytes represent an important component of the antioxidant capacity of blood, comprising in particular intracellular enzymes, e.g. superoxide dismutase and catalase, but also the glutathione system. It is thus possible that some complications of uremia are at least partly due to oxidative stress. These include cardiovascular complications, premature biological aging and increased susceptibility to infection. Strategies to strengthen the complex endogenous free radical defenses can thus be predicted to show long-term benefit. In this context the expansion of EPO therapy may well be a major step in stabilizing free radical metabolism in anemic patients.
Irrepressible <i><scp>MONOPTEROS</scp>/<scp>ARF</scp>5</i> promotes <i>de novo</i> shoot formation (2014)

In vitro regeneration of complete organisms from diverse cell types is a spectacular property of plant cells. Despite the great importance of plant regeneration for plant breeding and biotechnology, its molecular basis is still largely unclear and many important crop plants have remained recalcitrant to regeneration. Hormone-exposure protocols to trigger the de novo formation of either roots or shoots from callus tissue demonstrate the importance of auxin and cytokinin signaling pathways, and genetic differences in these pathways may contribute to the highly divergent responsiveness of plant species to regeneration protocols. In this study, we show that signaling through MONOPTEROS (MP)/AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR 5 is necessary for the formation of shoots from Arabidopsis calli. Most strikingly, an irrepressible variant of MP, MPΔ, is sufficient for promoting de novo shoot formation through pathways involving the genetically downstream functions of SHOOT MERISTEMLESS (STM) and CYTOKININ RESPONSE FACTOR2 (CRF2). We conclude that the MPΔ genotype can promote de novo shoot formation and can be used to probe corresponding signaling pathways.