gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Using Interdependent Group Contingencies with Randomly Selected Criteria and Paired Reading to Enhance Class-Wide Reading Performance (2004)

ABSTRACT An intact second-grade class of 13 African-American students had completed few chapter-book reading assignments. A consultant worked with their teacher to develop an intervention that consisted of paired readings and two interdependent group contingencies. Following the implementation of the program, all students began reading chapter-books and the number of chapter-book quizzes passed increased from an average of less than 0.70 per week during baseline to 7.5 per week during the intervention phase. Discussion focuses on using interdependent group contingencies when targeting academic performance.
Escherichia coli F-18 and E. coli K-12 eda mutants do not colonize the streptomycin-treated mouse large intestine (1996)

The Escherichia coli human fecal isolates F-18 and K-12 are excellent colonizers of the streptomycin-treated mouse intestine. E. coli F-18 and E. coli K-12 eda mutants (unable to utilize glucuronate, galacturonate, and gluconate) were constructed by insertional mutagenesis. Neither the E. coli F-18 eda nor the E. coli K-12 eda mutant was able to colonize the streptomycin-treated mouse intestine, whether they were fed to mice together with their respective parental strains or alone. Complementation of the eda mutants with pTC190 (containing a functional E. coli K-12 eda gene) completely restored the colonization ability of both eda mutants. Relative to their parental strains, the E. coli F-18 eda mutant and the E. coli K-12 eda mutant grew poorly in cecal mucus isolated from mice fed either normal mouse chow or a synthetic diet containing sucrose as the sole carbon source, yet the mutants and parental strains demonstrated identical growth rates in minimal medium with glucose as the carbon source. E. coli F-18 edd eda and E. coli K-12 edd eda double mutants colonized the streptomycin-treated intestine when fed to mice alone; however, when fed simultaneously with their respective parental strains, they were poor colonizers. Since the edd gene is involved only in gluconate metabolism via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway, these results implicate the utilization of gluconate and the Entner-Doudoroff pathway as important elements in E. coli colonization of the streptomycin-treated mouse large intestine.
Ontology reasoning in the SHOQ(D) description logic (2001)

Ontologies are set to play a key role in the &quot;Semantic Web&quot; by providing a source of shared and precisely defined terms that can be used in descriptions of web resources. Reasoning over such descriptions will be essential if web resources are to be more accessible to automated processes. SHOQ(D) is an expressive description logic equipped with named individuals and concrete datatypes which has almost exactly the same expressive power as the latest web ontology languages (e.g., OIL and DAML). We present sound and complete reasoning services for this logic. 1
Spatio-temporal hybrid automata for safe cyber-physical systems (2013)

Interactions between the computing units and the physical environment in Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSes) are considered to verify safety properties, i.e. ensuring the un-intentional side-effects of cyber-physical interactions are within desired limits. A Linear 1 space dimension Spatio-Temporal Hybrid Automata (L1STHA) is defined to capture the effects of the interactions, in both time and space. Aggregate effects of interactions due to concurrent operations in the computing entities are expressed as a set of interdependent partial differential equations associated with dedicated modes of the L1STHA model. A time and space bound L1STHA reachability analysis algorithm is proposed for safety verification, which provides reachable states of the L1STHA with an arbitrary accuracy ε. The runtime of the algorithm depends on the requested accuracy. The usage of the L1STHA modeling and analysis is demonstrated for medical CPSes such as infusion pumps.
Organic conformational analysis and stereochemistry from circular dichroism spectroscopy (2000)

Cyclohexane and Cyclohexanone. Optical Activity. The Octant Rule. Conformational Analysis of Substituted Cyclohexanones. Other Cycloalkanones. Saturated Bicyclic Ketones. Saturated Polycyclic Ketones. Isotopically Perturbed Ketones. Diketones. Unsaturated and Cyclopropyl Ketones. Dienes. Biaryls and Helicenes. Exciton Coupling and Exciton Chirality. Indexes.
STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP OF 5′-SUBSTITUTED FLUORO-NEPLANOCIN A ANALOGUES AS POTENT INHIBITORS OF <i>S</i>-ADENOSYLHOMOCYSTEINE HYDROLASE (2005)

Four 5'-substituted fluoro-neplanocin A analogues la-d were designed and synthesized, and the inhibitory activity against SAH was in the following order: NH2 > SH > F, N3, indicating a hydrogen bonding donor is essential for inhibitory activity.
Metallic nanowire filled membrane for slow wave microstrip transmission lines (2012)

A new concept of slow wave microstrip transmission lines (SW µTL) dedicated to mmW and sub-mmW applications (100 GHz and further) is described herein. The microstrip is deposited on a specific substrate consisting in a metallic nanowires-filled membrane (MnM) of alumina covered with a thin top layer of silicon oxide. The slow wave effect is obtained thanks to metallic nanowires that capture the electric field while the magnetic field can extend in the whole substrate. Despite of the strong miniaturization expected, such SW µTLs should reach a quality factor five times higher than the one obtained with a conventional microstrip line (without nanowires). Such SW µTL can act as interconnecting paths if the MnM substrate is used as a 3D-interposer.
TopDraw: a sketchpad for protein structure topology cartoons (2003)

TopDraw is freely available under the terms of the GNU General Public License. It can be downloaded from http://stein.bioch.dundee.ac.uk/~charlie/scripts/topdraw.html.
Sintering of Y<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>-Doped β-Si<sub>3</sub>N<sub>4</sub> Powder and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Materials (1994)

Y2O3-Al2O3-doped β-Si3N4 was sintered at 1700 to 1900°C for 4h in 1 and 10MPa N2 to investigate the effect of amount of the additives on sinterability, strength, fracture toughness and microstructure. Dense materials were obtained by firing the compositions for 6-10mol% additives at 1700°C, 4-6mol% at 1800°C, and 1-4mol% at 1900°C. Rod-like β-Si3N4 grains developed during firing at 1900°C to increase the fracture toughness, strength, and Weibull modulus.
<i>Mycoplasma hyorhinis</i>‐encoded cytidine deaminase efficiently inactivates cytosine‐based anticancer drugs (2015)

Mycoplasmas may colonize tumor tissue in patients. The cytostatic activity of gemcitabine was dramatically decreased in Mycoplasma hyorhinis-infected tumor cell cultures compared with non-infected tumor cell cultures. This mycoplasma-driven drug deamination could be prevented by exogenous administration of the cytidine deaminase (CDA) inhibitor tetrahydrouridine, but also by the natural nucleosides or by a purine nucleoside phosphorylase inhibitor. The M. hyorhinis-encoded CDAHyor gene was cloned, expressed as a recombinant protein and purified. CDAHyor was found to be more catalytically active than its human equivalent and efficiently deaminates (inactivates) cytosine-based anticancer drugs. CDAHyor expression at the tumor site may result in selective drug inactivation and suboptimal therapeutic efficiency.
Deep Reinforcement Learning for Autonomous Search and Rescue (2018)

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are becoming more prevalent, more capable, and less expensive every day. Advances in battery life and electronic sensors have spurred the development of diverse UAV applications outside their original military domain. For example, Search and Rescue (SAR) operations stand to benefit greatly from modern UAVs since even the simplest commercial models are equipped with high-resolution cameras and the ability to stream video to a computer or portable device. As a result, autonomous unmanned systems (terrestrial, marine, and aerial) have begun to be employed for such typical SAR tasks as terrain mapping, task observation, and early supply delivery. However, these systems were developed before recent advances in artificial intelligence such as Google Deepmind's breakthrough with the Deep Q-Network (DQN) technology. Therefore, most of them rely heavily on Greedy or Potential-based heuristics, without the ability to learn. In this research, we investigate a possible approximation (called Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes) for enhancing the performance of autonomous UAVs in SAR by incorporating newly-developed Reinforcement Learning methods. The project utilizes open-source tools such as Microsoft's state-of-the-art UAV simulator AirSim, and Keras, a machine learning framework that can make use of Google's popular tensor library called TensorFlow. The main approach investigated in this research is the Deep Q-Network.
Putative signaling action of amelogenin utilizes the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway (2009)

Using the TOPGAL transgenic mouse we showed that amelogenin expression in vivo is localized mainly around the root, the periodontal ligament and the alveolar bone.
Factors Associated With Late Detection of Critical Congenital Heart Disease in Newborns (2013)

After controlling for the selected characteristics, hospital nursery level seems to have an independent association with late CCHD detection. Thus, perhaps universal newborn screening for CCHD could be particularly beneficial in level I and II nurseries and may reduce differences in the frequency of late diagnosis between birth hospital facilities.
Smurf2 E3 ubiquitin ligase modulates proliferation and invasiveness of breast cancer cells in a CNKSR2 dependent manner (2014)

Our results therefore suggest a novel relation between Smurf2 and CNKSR2 thereby regulating AKT-dependent cell proliferation and invasion. Owing to the fact that PI3K-AKT signaling is hyperactivated in various human cancers and that Smurf2 also regulates cellular transformation, our results indicate that Smurf2 may serve as a potential molecule for targeted cancer therapy of certain tumour types including breast cancer.
Human Capital Theory: Education, Discrimination, and Lifecycles, (1975)

Three topics are discussed which do not represent a comprehensive view, but are each part of the overall question of income distributions and have each absorbed the attention of those working with human capital theory. the topics are: (1) Wealth distributions and lifecycle earnings profiles; (2) sources of income returns to schooling; and, (3) race differences in income.
ChemInform Abstract: IRREVERSIBLE ENZYME INHIBITORS. 200. ACTIVE‐SITE DIRECTED INHIBITORS OF DEOXYCYTIDINE KINASE (1977)

Abstract Aus Aminopyrimidonen und Dichlorpyrimidin werden verschiedene Reihen von 4‐Aminopyrimidinderivaten (I)‐(VI) nach literaturbekannten Methoden hergestellt und auf ihre Wirkung als Inhibitoren der Desoxycytidin‐Kinase untersucht.
Treatment Planning for Molecular Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (2002)

Molecular targeted radionuclide therapy promises to expand the usefulness of radiation to successfully treat widespread cancer. The unique properties of radioactive tags make it possible to plan treatments by predicting the radiation absorbed dose to both tumors and normal organs, using a pre-treatment test dose of radiopharmaceutical. This requires a combination of quantitative, high-resolution, radiation-detection hardware and computerized dose-estimation software, and would ideally include biological dose-response data in order to translate radiation absorbed dose into biological effects. Data derived from conventional (external beam) radiation therapy suggests that accurate assessment of the radiation absorbed dose in dose-limiting normal organs could substantially improve the observed clinical response for current agents used in a myeloablative regimen, enabling higher levels of tumor control at lower tumor-to-normal tissue therapeutic indices. Treatment planning based on current radiation detection and simulations technology is sufficient to impact on clinical response. The incorporation of new imaging methods, combined with patient-specific radiation transport simulations, promises to provide unprecedented levels of resolution and quantitative accuracy, which are likely to increase the impact of treatment planning in targeted radionuclide therapy.
Bone marrow dosimetry for radioimmunotherapy: theoretical considerations. (1993)

In most implementations of radioimmunotherapy, the red marrow is the dose-limiting organ. Estimates of the radioactivity concentration in this organ are usually based on blood sampling or bone marrow biopsy. This work presents a simple equation which may be used to calculate the red marrow-to-blood activity concentration ratio given the hematocrit and the red marrow extracellular fluid fraction of a patient. Also presented are a series of equations which may be used to correct the activity concentration in bone marrow biopsies for bone, yellow marrow and blood contamination. Assuming a hematocrit of 0.47 and a red marrow extracellular fluid fraction of 0.19, the predicted red marrow-to-blood activity concentration ratio is 0.36. This value is consistent with experimental studies. Depending upon the characteristics of the bone marrow biopsy sample, the red marrow activity concentration may be underestimated by a factor of 1.5-5. The correction factor for an "average" biopsy is 2.73. If the cortical bone cap is removed before the sample is weighed and counted, the correction factor is 1.92.
Enlisting event patterns for cyber battlefield awareness (2002)

Cyber warfare consists to a large degree of reaction to activities happening in the information infrastructure. Better knowledge of the status of this infrastructure at any time allows more appropriate reactions. Context-based event correlation can provide a more appropriate view of the cyber battlefield by providing users a view on the desired level of abstraction. We informally introduce context as the temporal and causal relations between events. Event correlation based on event patterns in a declarative language means we specify what to detect, instead of how to detect. We describe the Stanford University context-based event correlator that is able to process events on-line, as they are generated. It can be reconfigured dynamically while it is running. On the example of intrusion detection, we show how Complex Event Processing (CEP) increases detection rate, reduce false alarms, and detect large-scale attack patterns at an early stage.
L-Deprenyl Therapy Improves Verbal Memory in Amnesic Alzheimer Patients (1991)

Altered monoaminergic neurotransmission could play an important role in the cognitive dysfunctions typical of dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT). DAT is not, however, a homogenous phenomenon inasmuch as two forms are distinguishable: early onset (EO) and late onset (LO). Moreover, focal patterns of neuropsychological deterioration fall into various subgroups. According to our hypothesis, DAT patients, who at the onset of the disease mainly manifest memory disorders, also represent a specific subgroup characterized by impaired cortically projecting catecholaminergic pathways. In a 6-month randomized, double-blind, cross-over study versus placebo we analysed the influence of L-deprenyl on the verbal memory of 19 amnesic EO-DAT patients. Verbal memory was assessed by means of the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test. The results obtained show significantly better performances for L-deprenyl treated patients in learning and long-term memory skills. We suggest that L-deprenyl, through selective inhibition of MAO-B and by increasing the activity of the catecholaminergic systems, positively influences cognitive functions and behaviour founded on memory efficiency.
Performance of trellis coded direct-sequence spread-spectrum: multiple-access with noncoherent reception in a fading environment (2002)

The performance of different coding schemes for direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) with multiple-access (MA) interference in a nonselective Rayleigh fading channel is considered. A conventional 64-ary orthogonal code (M/sub 64/) transmitting 6 bits of information is examined first. Each of the 64 code symbols in the M/sub 64/ code is assumed to be spread by a random sequence of length N, and the channel is assumed to be interleaved every N chips. We consider a M/sub 64/ DS-SS code concatenated with a (63, k) Reed-Solomon (RS) outer code and varying the amount of spreading and the code rate for a fixed data rate and bandwidth. Our analysis based on Gaussian approximation shows that when the number of users is reasonably large, an optimal value k* to achieve the minimum bit error probability of the (63, k) RS code can be found. Furthermore, we extend the results by substituting the M/sub 64/ code with the trellis coded Nordstrom-Robinson code (TCNR), and the trellis coded Reed-Muller code (TCRM), which have the same data rate as that of the M/sub 64/ code. An optimal value k* to achieve minimum bit error probability can also be found when the TCNR code or the TCRM code is concatenated with a (63, k) RS outer code.
Identification and kinetics of leukocytes after severe ischaemia/reperfusion renal injury (2000)

Background. Leukocyte adhesion/infiltration in response to renal ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is a well‐known but poorly understood phenomenon. The identification, kinetics, and exact role of these inflammatory cells in I/R injury and regeneration are still matters of debate.
A Low-Voltage, Low-Power Reconfigurable Current-Mode Softmax Circuit for Analog Neural Networks (2021)

This paper presents a novel low-power low-voltage analog implementation of the softmax function, with electrically adjustable amplitude and slope parameters. We propose a modular design, which can be scaled by the number of inputs (and of corresponding outputs). It is composed of input current–voltage linear converter stages (1st stages), MOSFETs operating in a subthreshold regime implementing the exponential functions (2nd stages), and analog divider stages (3rd stages). Each stage is only composed of p-type MOSFET transistors. Designed in a 0.18 µm CMOS technology (TSMC), the proposed softmax circuit can be operated at a supply voltage of 500 mV. A ten-input/ten-output realization occupies a chip area of 2570 µm2 and consumes only 3 µW of power, representing a very compact and energy-efficient option compared to the corresponding digital implementations.
Copper- and Silver-Containing Monolithic Silica-Supported Preparations for Selective Propene−Propane Adsorption from the Gas Phase (2005)

Cylindrically shaped macroscopic-in-size bodies of aluminum-doped silica possessing uniformly sized mesopores have been used as supports for copper- and silver-based formulations in the selective adsorption of propene against propane in the gas phase. The metal addition was achieved using AgNO3 or Cu(NO3)2 in aqueous solution by either postsynthesis incipient wetness impregnation or direct incorporation in the synthesis stage, the overall metal content in samples being 2, 5, 10, and 20 wt %. The effect of metal addition on the degree of Al insertion into the silica matrix was evaluated by 27Al magic-angle spinning NMR. The nature of surface metal species was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and temperature-programmed reduction by H2. Individual adsorption of propene and propane was measured at room temperature, and the selectivity coefficient was calculated as a function of the pressure and molar fraction of propene in the binary gas mixture. Within the series of Cu-derivatized adsorbents, the equilibrium selectivity is a complex function of the nature, amount, and dispersion degree of the copper species available on the surface. Contrary to expectations, both Cu(I) and Cu(II) states may give good propene−propane selectivity performance. For Ag-containing adsorbents the selectivity is mainly related to the nature and distribution of the silver species exposed on the surface, showing little dependence upon the overall Ag(I) content. The shaped sample functionalized with only 5 wt % of silver in the synthesis stage (Ag5SiAl20) appears to be the best monolithic adsorbent since it combines good selectivity performance (selectivity ratio of 37) and high specific surface area (ca. 900 m2 g-1). Compared to fine-particle porous materials previously reported in the literature, the monolithic adsorbent form is more useful for industrial uses.
Electrophoresis of solid particles at large Peclet numbers (2002)

A theory of concentration polarization of a thin electrical double layer (DL) on a spherical particle is developed for the regime of large Peclet numbers which is realized in strong electric fields. In this regime, the concentration field arising outside DL is estimated under influence of diffusion and convection. According to the theory developed, polarization of DL at large Peclet numbers causes a change in the Stern potential, the formation of a dipole moment and the long-range potential. The diffuse layer deviates strongly from spherical symmetry and electroneutrality, and the screen of the surface charge is provided not only by the diffuse atmosphere but also by the charge induced in the convective-diffusion layer. The effect of electric field on the induced charge gives rise to the additional electroosmotic slip, that was called "secondary electroosmosis". Thus, a nonlinear additional term for the Smoluchowski formula of electrophoretic velocity is based on the changes of zeta-potential and on the secondary electroosmotic slip. The comparison of theory with experimental results revealed considerable fitting.
Arthroscopic evaluation of chondropathy in osteoarthritis of the knee. (1996)

We conclude that arthroscopy might be considered a relevant measurement of OA outcome for research purposes.
Changes in Phasic Coronary Blood Flow Velocity Profile and Relative Coronary Flow Reserve in Patients With Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (1997)

Regional distribution of hypertrophy in some patients with HOCM resulted in regional impairment of coronary flow. Relative CFR can be used to estimate regional disturbances of coronary flow and may help in patient selection for new interventional therapeutic techniques.
A novel function for platelet-derived growth factor D: induction of osteoclastic differentiation for intraosseous tumor growth (2011)

Although increasing evidence suggests a critical role for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor β (β-PDGFR) signaling in prostate cancer (PCa) progression, the precise roles of β-PDGFR and PDGF isoform-specific cell signaling have not been delineated. Recently, we identified the PDGF-D isoform as a ligand for β-PDGFR in PCa and showed that PDGF-D is activated by serine protease-mediated proteolytic removal of the CUB domain in a two-step process, yielding first a hemidimer (HD) and then a growth factor domain dimer. Herein, we demonstrate that the expression of PDGF-D in human PCa LNCaP cells leads to enhanced bone tumor growth and bone responses in immunodeficient mice. Histopathological analyses of bone tumors generated by PDGF-D-expressing LNCaP cells (LNCaP-PDGF-D) revealed osteolytic and osteoblastic responses similar to those observed in human PCa bone metastases. Importantly, we discovered a novel function of PDGF-D in the regulation of osteoclast differentiation, independent of the RANKL/RANK signaling axis. Although both PDGF-B and -D were able to activate β-PDGFR, only PDGF-D was able to induce osteoclastic differentiation in vitro, and upregulate the expression and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor of activated T cells 1, a master transcription factor for osteoclastogenesis. Taken together, these results reveal a new function of PDGF-D as a regulator of osteoclastic differentiation, an activity critical for the establishment of skeletal metastatic deposit in PCa patients.