gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Facile solvothermal synthesis of NIR absorbing Cs<sub><i>x</i></sub>WO<sub>3</sub>nanorods by benzyl alcohol route (2015)

Near infrared absorbing CsxWO3 nanoparticles with uniform particle size distribution were synthesized in two hours by solvothermal method. Benzyl alcohol was used as a main solvent and a reactant to facilitate a controlled reaction and stabilization in the presence of oleic acid as a capping agent. Different reaction conditions such as reaction time, reaction temperature, and oleic acid amount were studied and reported. Hexagonal CsxWO3 nanorods with average size of 80 nm were obtained in 2 h reaction time, at 240 °C reaction temperature, and 10% vol. oleic acid. Aqueous dispersion of the nanorods showed high transparency (about 80–90%) in visible light with strong near infrared (NIR) light shielding (80–90%). This indicates that CsxWO3 is an attractive material to employ in heat-shielding transparent coatings for windows of buildings and automobiles. Using this simple process, it is possible to synthesize homogenous CsxWO3 nanorods with low temperature and short reaction time. Moreover, the process offers an opportunity for large-scale synthesis of NIR absorbing nanorods.
CT angiography with volume rendering: imaging findings. (1995)

August 1995CT angiography with volume rendering: imaging findings.Authors: B S Kuszyk, D G Heath, D R Ney, D A Bluemke, B A Urban, T P Chambers, and E K FishmanAuthor Info & AffiliationsVolume 165, Issue 2https://doi.org/10.2214/ajr.165.2.7618574 METRICS PDF
Pulcherosine, a novel tyrosine-derived, trivalent crosslinking amino acid from the fertilization envelope of sea urchin embryo (1990)

The normally hardened and aminotriazole-induced soft fertilization envelopes (FEs) of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus and two other species were isolated and investigated for component proteins and cross-linking amino acids. From the acid hydrolysate of the hard FE of H. pulcherrimus, we isolated by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography a novel fluorescent compound as well as dityrosine and trityrosine, the major tyrosine-derived cross-linking amino acids. These three compounds were also isolated from the reaction products of the tyrosine/horseradish peroxidase/H2O2 system. The structure of the novel compound, designated "pulcherosine", was determined to be 5-[4"-(2-carboxy-2-aminoethyl)phenoxy]-3,3'-dityrosine. With respect to the position of diphenyl ether bond between the tyrosine and dityrosine moieties, it is an isomer of isotrityrosine found in Ascaris cuticle collagen [Fujimoto et al. (1981) Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 99, 637-643]. Isotrityrosine was not found in either of the above systems as a major component. The contents of tyrosine, dityrosine, trityrosine, and pulcherosine in the hard FE of H. pulcherrimus were estimated as 255, 5.5, 2.1, and 1.3 residues, respectively, per 10,000 total amino acid residues, while in the soft FE, those of tyrosine and dityrosine were 305 and 0.25 residues, respectively, and trityrosine and pulcherosine were only traces. The molar ratio of dityrosine, trityrosine, and pulcherosine in the hard FE was 100:38:24, while that for tyrosine/horseradish peroxidase/H2O2 reaction products was 100:3:8, respectively.
XVI. and XVII. century guns (1926)

Journal Article XVI. and XVII. century guns Get access J. H. Leslie J. H. Leslie Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume CLI, Issue oct02, 2 October 1926, Page 247, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/CLI.oct02.247c Published: 02 October 1926
Wellbore-Instability Predictions Within the Cretaceous Mudstones, Clair Field, West of Shetlands (2010)

Summary Some early high-inclination wells were impacted adversely by wellbore instability within Cretaceous mudstones overlying the Clair oil field. Detailed investigations of the possible reasons for borehole failure led to a decision to cut two cores within the unstable interval and carry out laboratory testing to investigate the failure mechanism. Analysis of rock failure based on a "planes of weakness" theory fitted previous drilling observations. This theory has been applied primarily for layered hard rocks (e.g., mining and tunneling) and is here extended to significantly weaker mudstones showing strength anisotropy. Minimum required mud weight predictions were made for a range of well configurations. The results of this study were used to plan an extended-reach-drilling (ERD) development well targeting a previously undeveloped part of the Clair field. The new well was successfully drilled, cased, and brought on stream within budget in 2009. This paper describes the basic geology of the field, rock properties of the Cretaceous mudstones, details of laboratory tests conducted, and analyses carried out. Cretaceous mudstones of the Clair field are characterized by low strength and minor anisotropy. Various rock tests were conducted on core to define the failure behavior: unconfined compressive strength (UCS), single-stage triaxial strength, and multistage triaxial strength tests were conducted, all at various angles to bedding. In addition, the effect of mud invasion was analyzed by performing a multistage triaxial test in drilling mud at high pressure. The analysis used commercial software to evaluate borehole instability in a rock medium that fails along weak planes. Minimum mud weight requirements derived from this analysis were compared with previous drilling experience and were used subsequently for predicting mud weight required to drill an ERD well. Lessons learned from the successful drilling of this well will be applied in future Clair development wells and may be of relevance elsewhere.
Involvement of Insulin Receptor Substrate 2 in Mammary Tumor Metastasis (2004)

The insulin receptor substrate (IRS) proteins are adaptor molecules that integrate signals generated by receptors that are implicated in human breast cancer. We investigated the specific contribution of IRS-2 to mammary tumor progression using transgenic mice that express the polyoma virus middle T antigen (PyV-MT) in the mammary gland and IRS-2-null (IRS-2(-/-)) mice. PyV-MT-induced tumor initiation and growth were similar in wild-type (WT) and IRS-2(-/-) mice. However, the latency and incidence of metastasis were significantly decreased in the absence of IRS-2 expression. The contribution of IRS-2 to metastasis is intrinsic to the tumor cells, because IRS-2(-/-) mammary tumor cells did not metastasize when grown orthotopically in the mammary fat pads of WT mice. WT and IRS-2(-/-) tumors contained similar numbers of mitotic cells, but IRS-2(-/-) tumors had a higher incidence of apoptosis than did WT tumors. In vitro, IRS-2(-/-) mammary tumor cells were less invasive and more apoptotic in response to growth factor deprivation than their WT counterparts. In contrast, IRS-1(-/-) tumor cells, which express only IRS-2, were highly invasive and were resistant to apoptotic stimuli. Collectively, our findings reveal an important contribution of IRS-2 to breast cancer metastasis.
Optimal Multiband Joint Detection for Spectrum Sensing in Cognitive Radio Networks (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> Spectrum sensing is an essential functionality that enables cognitive radios to detect spectral holes and to opportunistically use under-utilized frequency bands without causing harmful interference to legacy (primary) networks. In this paper, a novel wideband spectrum sensing technique referred to as <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">multiband joint detection</emphasis> is introduced, which jointly detects the primary signals over multiple frequency bands rather than over one band at a time. Specifically, the spectrum sensing problem is formulated as a class of optimization problems, which maximize the <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">aggregated opportunistic throughput</emphasis> of a cognitive radio system under some constraints on the interference to the primary users. By exploiting the hidden convexity in the seemingly nonconvex problems, optimal solutions can be obtained for multiband joint detection under practical conditions. The situation in which individual cognitive radios might not be able to reliably detect weak primary signals due to channel fading/shadowing is also considered. To address this issue by exploiting the spatial diversity, a cooperative wideband spectrum sensing scheme refereed to as <emphasis emphasistype="boldital">spatial-spectral joint detection</emphasis> is proposed, which is based on a linear combination of the local statistics from multiple spatially distributed cognitive radios. The cooperative sensing problem is also mapped into an optimization problem, for which suboptimal solutions can be obtained through mathematical transformation under conditions of practical interest. Simulation results show that the proposed spectrum sensing schemes can considerably improve system performance. This paper establishes useful principles for the design of distributed wideband spectrum sensing algorithms in cognitive radio networks. </para>
Abstract 2368: Autotaxin/Enpp2 controls of bone metastasis formation through osteoclast function (2010)

Abstract Autotaxin (ATX, NPP-2) is a secreted protein with both an oncogenic action on mouse breast tissue and metastatic properties on breast cancer cells. Due to its lysophospholipase D activity, ATX generates lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) from lysophosphatidylcholine and controls LPA levels in the blood. We have recently showed that platelet-derived LPA promotes the progression of osteolytic bone metastases of breast cancer cells. However, how LPA is produced at the metastatic site and the role of ATX by cancer cells in this metastasis process are still unknown. Here, we found that in vitro, forced expression of ATX in human breast cancer MDA-B02 cells (MDA-B02/ATX) increased invasiness, proliferation and enhanced their pro-osteoclastic function. In vivo, intravenous injection of MDA-B02/ATX cells to inmmunodeficiency BALB/C nude mice enhanced osteolytic bone metastasis formation, as judged by increased bone loss and tumor burden, and higher active osteoclast number at the bone metastatic site. Mouse 4T1 breast cancer cells induced the formation of osteolytic bone metastases after intracardiac injection in immunocompetent BALB/C mice. We found that 4T1 cells expressed active ATX. In vitro, silencing ATX[O1] expression inhibited invasion but not proliferation of 4T1-siATX cells. In vivo, silencing ATX expression inhibited the extent of osteolytic bone lesions and decreased the number of active osteoclasts at bone the metastatic site. Altogether, these results demonstrated that expression of ATX by cancer cells controls bone metastasis formation and that targeting ATX in patients might contribute to the development of additional therapies against bone metastases. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2368.
Compensating of room acoustic transfer functions affected by change of room temperature (1999)

This paper proposes an efficient compensation method using a first-order approximation of time axis scaling for the variations of the room acoustic transfer function. The time axis scaling model is based on the fact that the change of the sound velocity due to the change of room temperature is a dominant factor for the variations of room impulse response affected by environmental conditions. In this paper, the effectiveness of the compensation method is evaluated using room impulse responses measured in the real environment. As the results, it is clarified that the variations of room impulse response can be modeled by the first-order approximated time axis scaling when the successive re-estimation is performed every small change of temperature. Furthermore, it is shown that the compensation method applied to an inverse filtering based dereverberation approach improves the intelligibility and speech recognition rates dramatically.
A 10 b 50 MS/s pipelined ADC (2003)

Most multistep analog-to-digital converter (ADC) architectures presented thus far suffer from poor linearity caused by the sample and hold as well as the internal digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Furthermore, the gain-matching between coarse and fine ADC gives rise to nonmonotonicity. A fully differential two-step ADC is described which presents solutions for sample and hold, the DAC, the gain-matching between coarse and fine high performance with low power consumption and small chip area.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new genetic polymorphism in the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of human motochondrial DNA (1989)

Sequence analysis of the 3' end of the 16S rRNA gene of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) revealed a single base change G----A, at position 3010. This mutation was first identified in a patient who had recovered from chloramphenicol-induced aplastic anaemia (CAP-induced AA). A link between this mutation and CAP-induced AA was ruled out by investigating three other similar patients, none of whom had the mutation. This mutation lies within or near the chloramphenicol binding site in a part of the 16S rRNA gene which shows high evolutionary conservation and where polymorphisms have not been previously reported. Hybridization tests with appropriate oligonucleotide probes in 114 individuals reveal that this mutation has a polymorphic frequency of about 14% in Europeans.
Optical distortion correction for eyeglasses-type wearable device using multi-mirror array (2016)

We developed an optical distortion correction technique for an eyeglasses-type wearable device using a multi-mirror array (MMA). This wearable device is small and light weight, but optics using MMA can cause optical distortions, such as geometric distortion and chromatic aberration of magnification, that depend on the user's pupil distance and degrade the visibility of displayed virtual images. We model distortion in a captured virtual image by using the proposed virtual image evaluation system, and calculate an inversely corrected image based on the distortion. As a result, the proposed technique provides users with clear visibility regardless of pupil distance.
Call path refinement profiles (1995)

In order to effectively optimize complex programs built in a layered or recursive fashion (possibly from reused general components), the programmer has a critical need for performance information connected directly to the design decisions and other optimization opportunities present in the code. Call path refinement profiles are novel tools for guiding the optimization of such programs, that: (1) provide detailed performance information about arbitrarily nested (direct or indirect) function call sequences, and (2) focus the user's attention on performance bottlenecks by limiting and aggregating the information presented. This paper discusses the motivation for such profiles, describes in detail their implementation in the CPPROF profiler, and relates them to previous profilers, showing how most widely available profilers can be expressed simply and efficiently in terms of call path refinements.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A new approach to exact cone-beam reconstruction without Radon transform (2002)

Most exact cone-beam reconstruction methods are based on the Tuy-Smith-Grangeat formula which links cone-beam projections to the 3-D Radon transform. The computation of the 3-D Radon transform in these methods leads to drawbacks such as much computational requirements and significant discretization errors. The authors propose new exact cone-beam reconstruction method which does not explicitly compute the 3-D Radon transform. The new method is based on two familiar concepts in 3-D tomography fields which are the approximate ramp reconstruction (the cone-beam backprojection after the ramp filtering) and the Fourier synthesis based on the central slice theorem. Simulation results demonstrate that the new method requires less computational requirements and suffers from less discretization errors in typical cases.
Combining Similarity Searching and Network Analysis for the Identification of Active Compounds (2018)

A variety of computational screening methods generate similarity-based compound rankings for hit identification. However, these rankings are difficult to interpret. It is essentially impossible to determine where novel active compounds might be found in database rankings. Thus, compound selection largely depends on intuition and guesswork. Herein, we show that molecular networks can substantially aid in the analysis of similarity-based compound rankings. A series of networks generated for rankings provides visual access to search results and adds chemical neighborhood and context information for reference compounds that are not available in rankings. Network structure is shown to serve as a diagnostic criterion for the likelihood to successfully select active compounds from rankings. In addition, comparison of different networks makes it possible to prioritize alternative similarity measures for search calculations and optimize the enrichment of active compounds in rankings.
Electrical Stimulation with Pt Electrodes: AMethod for Determination of "Real" Electrode Areas (1977)

An electrical method is describqd which is suitable for determining exposed areas of Pt-stimulation electrodes prior to implantation.
Coronary Artery Disease (2013)

Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Vermont College of Medicine, Burlington, Vermont, USA Correspondence to Harold L. Dauerman, MD, Cardiac Unit, McClure 1, Fletcher Allen Health Care, University of Vermont, 111 Colchester Avenue, Burlington, VT 05401, USA Tel: +1 802 847 3602; fax: +1 802 847 3637; e-mail: [email protected] Received August 5, 2013 Accepted August 5, 2013
Snake venoms affecting the haemostatic mechanism--a consideration of their mechanisms, practical applications and biological significance. (1994)

Snake venoms contain a rich variety of factors affecting the haemostatic mechanism which can be broadly classified as possessing coagulatant, anticoagulant and haemorrhagic activity. Coagulant enzymes include activators of blood coagulation factors II (prothrombin), V and X; anticoagulants include protein C activators, inhibitors of prothrombin complex formation and fibrinogenases which can be further classified according to their specificity for the alpha-, beta- and gamma-chains of fibrinogen. Intermediate between true coagulants and true anticoagulants are the thrombin-like enzymes which bring about clotting in vitro but defibrination (anticoagulation) in vivo. Snake venoms also affect platelets either by inducing or inhibiting platelet aggregation and cause haemorrhage via an action on platelets or via proteolysis of the blood vessel wall. Haemorrhagins also include inter alia, the alpha-fibrinogenases. This rich diversity of snake venom components affecting haemostasis has enabled a range of practical applications to be established including therapeutic anticogulation with thrombin-like enzymes (Ancrod and Defibrase) and laboratory tests for individual haemostatic factors (protein C, prothrombin, factor X and lupus anticoagulant). This broad spectrum of materials in snake venoms suggests some evolutionary advantage to the venom producer, not only for dispatching prey but as agents which 'spread' the venom toxins throughout the body and initiate digestion.
Linear Electro-optic Effect of 0.88Pb(Zn<sub>1/3</sub>Nb<sub>2/3</sub>)O<sub>3</sub>–0.12PbTiO<sub>3</sub> Single Crystal (2000)

The linear electro-optic (E-O) coefficients of poled 0.88Pb(Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 )O 3 –0.12PbTiO 3 single crystal were characterized using an automated scanning Mach-Zehnder interferometer and the senarmont compensator method at room temperature. They were obtained at a wavelength of 632.8 nm: r 33 =134 pm/V, r 13 =7 pm/V, r 51 =462 pm/V, and r c =131 pm/V respectively and the refractive indices: n e =2.57 and n o =2.46. The large r 51 coefficient compared with r 33 is caused by the high dielectric constant at perpendicular to the polar-axis compared with the dielectric constant along the c -axis. Comparison with the quadratic E-O coefficients measured at near and above the Curie temperature suggests that the values of the quadratic E-O coefficients measured earlier may be smaller than the intrinsic ones due to the influence of micro-polar regions. The development of an automated scanning Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which is less susceptible to the errors caused by the laser intensity fluctuation and drafting in the optical path length in the system, is also described.
Preparation of PtNi nanoparticles for the electrocatalytic oxidation of methanolElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available: TEM images of Pt nanoparticle seeds prepared from the methanol reduction of Pt salts. See http://www.rsc.org/suppdata/jm/b3/b307040a/ (2003)

Carbon supported PtNi nanoparticles were prepared by hydrazine reduction of Pt and Ni precursor salts under different conditions, namely by conventional heating (PtNi-1), by prolonged reaction at room temperature (PtNi-2) and by microwave assisted reduction (PtNi-3). The nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, EDX, XPS and TEM and used as electrocatalysts in direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) reactions. Investigations into the mechanism of PtNi nanoparticle formation revealed that platinum nanoparticle seeding was essential for the formation of the bimetallic nanoparticles. The average particle size of PtNi prepared by microwave irradiation was the lowest, in the range of 2.9–5.8 nm. The relative rates of electrooxidation of methanol at room temperature as measured by cyclic voltammetry showed an inverse relationship between catalytic activity and particle size in the following order PtNi-1 < PtNi-2 < PtNi-3.
Objective Documentation of Traumatic Brain Injury Subsequent to Mild Head Trauma (2007)

Functional brain imaging data collected in a resting state can provide objective evidence of brain injury in mild blunt head trauma patients with persistent postconcussive somatic and/or cognitive symptoms. MEG proved to be particularly informative for patients with cognitive symptoms.
Plasma polymerization and deposition of amorphous hydrogenated silicon from rf and dc silane plasmas (1984)

Films of amorphous hydrogenated silicon were deposited from silane and disilane plasmas in a planar diode reactor using rf and dc excitation. Substrate temperature (Ts), total pressure (pT), interelectrode spacing (d), and excitation power (P) were systemically varied. Films were characterized in terms of H content and bonding, optical gap (Eo), ambipolar diffusion length (ld), and performance in p-i-n solar cell structures. The extent of silane polymerization to disilane and higher homologs by homogeneous plasma reactions is indicated as a dominant factor in controlling the composition and properties of a-Si:H deposited form rf- and dc-excited silane plasmas. The optimization of film properties at Ts=230 °C is found to be independently controlled by P, pT, and d inasmuch as they determine the degree of plasma polymerization. Films prepared under conditions promoting plasma polymerization resemble films made from SiH4–Si2H6 mixture feedstocks with nonpolymerizing conditions, exhibiting increased H content, dihydride density, and Eo as well as poorer electronic properties. The similarity of film properties for a variety of rf and dc nonpolymerizing plasmas suggests that the identity of the reactive monomeric film-forming specie(s) is either invariant or noncritical. These films have Eo≂1.7 eV, ld≂0.3 μm, and produce p-i-n solar cells with efficiencies≂7.5%. The roles of homogeneous and heterogeneous processes were investigated. Implications for maximum achievable deposition rates and silane utilization are discussed.