gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Reduction of Methemoglobin Levels by Antioxidants (1988)

Preventing the oxidation of hemoglobin in solution is one of the major requirements for the successful production and long-term storage of hemoglobin-based blood substitutes. To this end we have studied the effects of antioxidants on the rate of methemoglobin formation and disappearance in solutions of human and bovine hemoglobin at 4 degrees C and 37 degrees C. Ascorbate and desferal (5 mM) were observed to act as prooxidants, increasing the rate of methemoglobin formation at 37 degrees C. Trehalose, mannitol, glucose, and EDTA (5 mM) had no significant effect. Glutathione and NADH (10 mM) were the most effective antioxidants tested, causing a significant decrease in the rate of methemoglobin formation at 37 degrees C for periods of up to 50 hours. The combination of these antioxidants in bovine hemoglobin at 4 degrees C resulted in the reduction of methemoglobin levels to nearly undetectable levels in approximately 150 hours. In addition, NADH and glutathione were found to reduce methemoglobin levels to 10% over a period of 100 hours in a sample of human hemoglobin that had been stored at 4 degrees C for one year and had 60% methemoglobin. These results suggest that the prevention and reversal of methemoglobin formation during the long-term storage of hemoglobin solutions and hemoglobin-based blood substitutes may now be possible.
Real-time identification and control of a continuous stirred tank reactor with neural network (2002)

A continuous stirred tank reactor (CSTR), modelled by two nonlinear ordinary equations with two manipulable inputs, is online identified and controlled using neural networks. An enhanced learning algorithm is used for training the neural network. The multivariable nonlinear controller is derived from a Lyapunov function, which can ensure that the whole system be globally asymptotically stable at both the stable stationary points and the unstable stationary points. An inverse model of the CSTR, which is online built with neural network, serves as the predictor of the control variables. The temperature and concentration in CSTR can be maintained stable around the setting values in spite of the disturbances of the inlet concentration and inlet temperature of the reactants.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
1-(1-Pyrrolin-2-yl)-.BETA.-carbolines. Synthesis of eudistomins H, I, and P. (1989)

Three marine β-carboline alkaloids, eudistomin H, I, and P (5, 4, and 6), were synthesized. The Bischler-Napieralski reaction of N-(N-benzyloxycarbonylprolyl)tryptamine (11) gave the 3, 4-dihydro-β-carboline (12), which was converted to eudistomin I (5) via 13 on deprotection and dehydrogenation. Compound 13 was obtained directly from N-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylprolyl)tryptamine (17) by means of the Bischler-Napieralski reaction with polyphosphoric ester-dichloroethane. The bromination of 5 with N-bromosuccinimide (NBS)-acetic acid gave eudistomin H (4). Bromination of the 5-methoxypyrrolo[2, 3-b]indole (21) obtained from the 5-hydroxytryptamine (18) gave the 6-bromo derivative (22) which afforded 6-bromo-5-methoxytryptamine (25) on alkaline hydrolysis. The Bischler-Napieralski reaction of the 6-bromo-5-methoxy-N-prolyltryptamine (27) gave the 1-pyrrolinyl-3, 4-dihydro-β-carboline (29). Dehydrogenation of 29 with NBS followed by demethylation with boron tribromide provided eudistomin P (6) via 30.
Curvature-Induced Twist in Homeotropic Nematic Tori (2018)

We confine a nematic liquid crystal with homeotropic anchoring to stable toroidal droplets and study how geometry affects the equilibrium director configuration. In contrast to the case of cylindrical confinement, we find that the equilibrium state is chiral-a twisted and escaped radial director configuration. Furthermore, we find that the magnitude of the twist distortion increases as the ratio of the ring radius to the tube radius decreases; we confirm this with computer simulations of optically polarized microscopy textures. In addition, numerical calculations also indicate that the local geometry indeed affects the magnitude of the twist distortion. We further confirm this curvature-induced twisting using bent cylindrical capillaries.
Evidence for a direct reticulocyte origin of dense red cells in sickle cell anemia. (1991)

To explore our hypothesis of a direct reticulocyte origin of irreversibly sickled cells (ISCs), we fractionated light, reticulocyte-rich, and discocyte-rich sickle anemia red cells on Stractan gradients, and examined the effects of deoxygenation-induced sickling, external Ca2+, acidification, and replacing external Na+ by impermeant N-methyl-D-glucamine (NMG+). Sickling permeabilized light reticulocyte-rich cells to cations (Na+, K+, and Ca2+) more than discocytes; without external Ca2+, Na+ influx matched K+ efflux, with stable cell volume; with Ca2+, many light, low hemoglobin (Hb) F reticulocytes dehydrated rapidly (preventable by quinine, a Ca2(+)-dependent K+ channel inhibitor). Acidification of oxygenated discocytes (high mean Hb F) and reticulocyte-rich fractions yielded denser, reticulocyte-enriched cells with lower Hb F (as in light reticulocyte or dense ISC-rich fractions). Light cells shrank when NMG+ replaced Na+, supporting predictions of a Na(+)-dependent volume control system. Demonstration of sickling-induced, Ca2(+)-dependent dehydration of Hb F-free reticulocytes, and conservation of acid-stimulated K:Cl cotransport among low Hb F, reticulocyte-enriched cells in discocyte fractions support the hypothesis. Ancillary new findings included heparin stimulation of sickling-induced Na+ and K+ permeabilizations, and Ca2+ inhibition of the Na+ leak.
Transduction Properties of Adenovirus Serotype 35 Vectors After Intravenous Administration Into Nonhuman Primates (2008)

Adenovirus serotype 35 (Ad35) vectors have shown promise as effective gene delivery vehicles. However, the transduction profiles of Ad35 vectors in conventional mice allow only a limited estimation of transduction properties of these vectors, because the mouse analog of the subgroup B Ad receptor, CD46, is restricted to the testis. In order to assess the transduction properties of Ad35 vectors more completely, we performed transduction experiments using cynomolgus monkeys, which ubiquitously express CD46 in a pattern similar to that in humans. In vitro transduction experiments demonstrated that cultured cells from the cynomolgus monkey were efficiently transduced with Ad35 vectors. In contrast, after intravenous administration into live monkeys hardly any evidence of Ad35 vector-mediated transduction was found in any of the organs, although Ad35 vector genomes were detected in various organs. Less severe histopathological abnormalities were found in the Ad35 vector-infused monkeys than in the conventional Ad5 vector-injected monkeys. In the latter, serious tissue damage and inflammatory responses, such as hepatocyte necrosis and lymphatic hyperplasia in the colon, were induced. Both Ad35 and Ad5 vectors caused similar hematological changes (increase in CD3(+) cells, and decrease in CD16(+) cells and CD20(+) cells) in peripheral blood cells. These results should provide valuable information for the clinical application of Ad35 vectors.
Camera Control through Cinematography in 3D Computer Games (2004)

Modern 3D computer games have the potential to employ principles from cinematography in rendering the action in the game. Using principles of cinematography would take advantage of techniques that have been used to render action in cinematic films for more than a century. This paper outlines our proposal to develop a camera control system that uses principles of cinematography for 3D computer games and provides a critical review of related research.
<title>Subquarter micron optical lithography with practical superresolution technique</title> (1995)

Practical resolution, which is defined as the minimum geometry for a 1.0 micrometers depth of focus, in conventional krypton fluoride (KrF) excimer laser (248 nm) lithography is 0.30 micrometers . A new illumination technique, which uses a weak quadruple effect to enhance the depth of focus and to solve the current problems in the off-axis illumination techniques, has been developed. This new illumination technique is suitable for use with the attenuated phase shifting mask. With this combination technique, a 1.8 micrometers depth of focus using a 0.45 NA KrF excimer laser stepper can be achieved without a secondary peak in the distribution of light intensity for the various duties 0.30 micrometers space patterns. Even for hole patterns, a 2.0 micrometers common depth of focus can be achieved. These results indicate that KrF excimer laser lithography is a powerful candidate for beyond 0.25 micrometers -rule devices. It is also confirmed that i-line lithography is an expectable candidate for the second generation of 0.35 micrometers -rule devices.
A 40 kilodalton rat liver nuclear protein binds specifically to apolipoprotein B mRNA around the RNA editing site (1990)

Apolipoprotein (apo) B-48 mRNA is the product of RNA editing which consists of a C----U conversion changing a CAA codon encoding Gln-2153 in apoB-100 mRNA to a UAA stop codon in apoB-48 mRNA. In the adult rat, RNA editing occurs both in the small intestine and the liver. We have studied the ability of rat liver nuclear extracts to bind to synthetic apoB mRNA segments spanning the editing site. Using an RNA gel mobility shift assay, we found the sequence-specific binding of a protein(s) to a 65-nucleotide apoB-100 mRNA. UV crosslinking followed by T1 ribonuclease digestion and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated the formation of a 40 kDa protein-RNA complex when 32P-labeled apoB-100 mRNA was incubated with a rat liver nuclear extract but not with HeLa nuclear extract. Binding was specific for the sense strand of apoB mRNA, and was not demonstrated with single-stranded apoB DNA, or antisense apoB RNA. The complex also failed to form if SDS was present during the UV light exposure. Binding experiments using synthetic apoB mRNAs indicate that the 40 kDa protein would also bind to apoB-48 mRNA but not apoA-I, apoA-IV, apoC-II or apoE mRNA. Experiments using deletion mutants of apoB-100 mRNA indicate efficient binding of wildtype 65-nucleotide (W65), 40-nucleotide (W40) and 26-nucleotide (W26) apoB-100 mRNA segments, but not 10-nucleotide (or smaller) segments of apoB-100 mRNA to the 40 kDa protein. In contrast, two other regions of apoB-100 mRNA, B-5' (bases 1128-3003) and B-3' (bases 11310-11390), failed to bind to the protein. The 40 kDa sequence-specific binding protein in rat liver nuclear extract may play a role in apoB-100 mRNA editing.
Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx in the Presence of Oxygen (1994)

A process and catalysts therefor are detailed which will selectively remove 100% of the NOx in a waste effluent (flue gas) also containing oxygen. The process functions on the basis of an adsorbent which efficiently adsorbs the NOx at high space velocities and for long period (over 9 h). Temperature of adsorption is a very practical 180 C or above. The catalyst adsorbent can be regenerated for reuse repeatedly by exposing to a gas containing 0.5--10% H[sub 2] at 250 C or above. A cycle of use-regeneration is contemplated for commercial exploitation. Any NOx not reduced as it is desorbed from the adsorbent is reduced to N[sub 2] + H[sub 2]O in a downstream catalyst bed thus eliminating 100% of the inlet NOx.
Evaluation of several adaptive algorithms for canceling acoustic noise in mobile radio environments (2002)

The authors investigate several adaptive noise-cancellation algorithms and their effectiveness in improving the quality of speech degraded by additive acoustic noise in mobile communications. A personal-computer system which was used to acquire test data and implement the algorithms is described. The algorithms studied include least mean squares (LMS), recursive least squares (RLS), a fast transversal filter (FTF) implementation of RLS, direct solution of the normal equation, and an adaptive notch filter. The results of a comparison of the algorithms based on various criteria are presented. The results of applying each of the algorithms to adaptive noise cancellation in mobile environments are described and evaluated. The FTF algorithm demonstrated excellent convergence qualities compared to the LMS algorithm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mapping of functionally important residues of a cysteine-histidine box in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein (1993)

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) nucleocapsid protein contains two copies of a sequence motif, the cysteine-histidine box, that is conserved among retroviruses. To identify the functionally relevant positions of a cysteine-histidine box, each amino acid in the proximal copy of the motif was individually substituted by site-directed mutagenesis. Mutations at 5 of 14 positions abolished virus replication and reduced the viral RNA content of mutant particles to between 10 and 20% of parental levels. Mutations at other positions had either no or only a minor effect on virus replication and virion RNA content. In vitro binding of RNA to bacterially expressed mutant Pr55gag polyprotein correlated well with the effects of the mutations on particle-associated viral RNA levels. The two different copies of the motif in the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein are not functionally equivalent, since the conversion of the proximal motif to an exact copy of the distal motif results in a defect in virus replication and a reduction in the viral RNA content of mutant particles. The simultaneous substitution of functionally relevant positions in both motifs led to a significant decline in gag protein export, indicating that the nucleocapsid domain of the gag precursor is also required for efficient assembly or release of the virion.
Portal film quality: A multiple institutional study (1984)

The variation in quality of the several thousand portal films submitted to the Quality Assurance Review Center (QARC) has been substantial. To ascertain the nature and severity of this problem, a detailed study of "whole brain" portal films which were taken at 23 different radiotherapy departments for patients entered on three national leukemia studies was performed. Each film was analyzed in two ways: (a) independent subjective evaluation by four experienced radiotherapists and (b) measurement of objective parameters. Scores from 416 evaluations together with measured parameters were stored in a data base system for easy statistical manipulation. The dependence of perceived film quality on these objective parameters has been correlated and is the subject of this report.
Further Studies on N-Arylsulfonyl-N'-alkylureas (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFurther Studies on N-Arylsulfonyl-N'-alkylureasFrederick J. Marshall, Max V. Sigal Jr., Hugh R. Sullivan, Charlene Cesnik, and Mary A. RootCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1963, 6, 1, 60–63Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00337a014https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00337a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views178Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Extremely broadband characterization of a Schottky diode based THz detector (2010)

A Schottky diode based module for direct detection of THz power provides fast measurement capabilities at room temperature. This paper presents the broadband spectral characterization of a Schottky diode in comparison to a Golay cell in the frequency range from 0.1 THz up to 2 THz.
Structural Control Using Active Tuned Mass Dampers (1980)

Passive tuned mass dampers (TMD) are being using for motion control of tall buildings. The possibility of enhancing TMD effectiveness in structural with added active control capability is studied in this paper. The problem of structural control using active TMD is fromulated using classical feedback control theory. Using simple numerical examples, it is shown that an addition of active control forces to TMD systems can lead to significant improvement in displacement and acceleration reductions. Furthermore, TMD stroke requirement can also be significantly reduced with added active control element.
Severity-of-illness systems. An overview for medical directors--Part one. (1990)

In Part One of this article in the March-April 1990 issue of Physician Executive, the authors explored severity-of-illness systems that relied on administrative data for their formulation. In the second part of the article, the authors deal with systems that use clinical and/or physiologic data as their basis.
Power‐law scaling of structured poly(<i>p</i>‐xylylene) films deposited by oblique angle (2008)

Abstract This study describes the evolution and growth of structured polymers by oblique angle deposition of poly( p ‐xylylene) (PPX) derivatives. The deposition of structured PPX polymers have been demonstrated recently, but the mechanism of growth has not been studied. Here, we provide experimental evidence for the growth of structured PPX polymers by an atomic force microscope, electron microscope, and a profilometer. Individual columns expand with respect to their heights according to a power‐law, d = ch p , where d is the column diameter, c and p are constants, and h is the height of a column. Values of p for structured poly(chloro‐ p ‐xylylene), poly(trifloroacetly‐ p ‐xylylene‐ co ‐ p ‐xylylene), and poly(bromo‐ p ‐xylylene) films are estimated as 0.11 ± 0.01, 0.15 ± 0.01, and 0.18 ± 0.01, respectively. This result is different from the traditional oblique angle deposition processes of nonpolymeric materials where the surface diffusion is low. Further analysis with two‐dimensional power spectral density (PSD) method showed that the ordering of columns is quasi‐periodic. Additionally, the X‐ray and transmission electron microscope characterization of the columns revealed that the columns are semicrystalline. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 640–648, 2008
Variation in Copolymer Composition and Molecular Weight of Polyhydroxyalkanoate Generated by Saturation Mutagenesis of <i>Aeromonas caviae</i> PHA Synthase (2007)

Amino acid substitutions at two residues downstream from the active-site histidine of polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthases are effective for changing the composition and the molecular weight of PHA. In this study, saturation mutagenesis at the position Ala505 was applied to PHA synthase (PhaCAc) from Aeromonas caviae to investigate the effects on the composition and the molecular weight of PHA synthesized in Ralstonia eutropha. The copolymer composition and molecular weight of PHA were varied by association with amino acid substitutions. There was a strong relationship between copolymer composition and PHA synthase activity of the cells. This finding will serve as a rationale for producing tailor-made PHAs.
A Novel Gene That Bears a DnaJ Motif Influences Cyanobacterial Cell Division (2002)

Transposon Tn5-692 mutagenizes Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7942 efficiently. The predicted product of the gene mutated in the Tn5-692-derived cell division mutant FTN2 has an N-terminal DnaJ domain, as have its cyanobacterial and plant orthologs. Anabaena sp. strain PCC 7120, when mutated in genes orthologous to ftn2 and ftn6, forms akinete-like cells.
Treatment of Experimental Bladder Cancer with Hyperthermia and Phase Transition Liposomes Containing Methotrexate (1988)

Serially transplanted murine bladder cancer was treated with localized capacitive radiofrequency hyperthermia and liposome-delivered methotrexate (MTX). Liposomes were manufactured to retain MTX at 37C but specifically release encapsulated MTX as they passed through preheated tumors. When compared to controls, neither free MTX nor liposome-delivered MTX caused significant tumoricidal activity. Heat alone did cause a slowing of tumor growth and an increase in animal survival. Because large unilamellar liposomes are known to be cleared by the liver, sixteen animals were autopsied to determine the extent of liver toxicity which may have been a result of the various treatments. No hepatotoxic effects were observed after injection of liposomes containing MTX or other experimental combinations of drug and/or liposomes.
DDoS-Shield: DDoS-Resilient Scheduling to Counter Application Layer Attacks (2008)

Countering distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks is becoming ever more challenging with the vast resources and techniques increasingly available to attackers. In this paper, we consider sophisticated attacks that are protocol-compliant, non-intrusive, and utilize legitimate application-layer requests to overwhelm system resources. We characterize application-layer resource attacks as either request flooding, asymmetric, or repeated one-shot, on the basis of the application workload parameters that they exploit. To protect servers from these attacks, we propose a counter-mechanism namely DDoS Shield that consists of a suspicion assignment mechanism and a DDoS-resilient scheduler. In contrast to prior work, our suspicion mechanism assigns a continuous value as opposed to a binary measure to each client session, and the scheduler utilizes these values to determine if and when to schedule a session's requests. Using testbed experiments on a web application, we demonstrate the potency of these resource attacks and evaluate the efficacy of our counter-mechanism. For instance, we mount an asymmetric attack which overwhelms the server resources, increasing the response time of legitimate clients from 0.3 seconds to 40 seconds. Under the same attack scenario, DDoS Shield improves the victims' performance to 1.5 seconds.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Gag-Specific Mucosal Immunity after Oral Immunization with Papillomavirus Pseudoviruses Encoding Gag (2004)

Mucosal surfaces are the primary portals for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Because systemic immunization, in general, does not induce effective mucosal immune responses, a mucosal HIV vaccine is urgently needed. For this study, we developed papillomavirus pseudoviruses that express HIV-1 Gag. The pseudoviruses are synthetic, nonreplicating viruses, yet they can produce antigens for a long time in the immune system. Here we show that oral immunization of mice by the use of papillomavirus pseudoviruses encoding Gag generated mucosal and systemic Gag-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes that effectively lysed Gag-expressing target cells. Furthermore, the pseudoviruses generated Gag-specific gamma interferon-producing T cells and serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and mucosal IgA. In contrast, oral immunization with plasmid DNA encoding HIV-1 Gag did not induce specific immune responses. Importantly, oral immunization with the pseudoviruses induced Gag-specific memory cytotoxic T lymphocytes and protected mice against a rectal mucosal challenge with a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing HIV-1 Gag. Thus, papillomavirus pseudoviruses encoding Gag are a promising mucosal vaccine against AIDS.