gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Efficiency on Si-Integrated Microtransformers for Isolated Power Conversion Applications (2014)

This paper details the design, fabrication, and characterization of silicon-integrated microtransformers for isolated bias supplies. Racetrack-shaped microtransformers were designed and fabricated using the advanced double-layer metal (DLM) microfabrication process. The DLM devices have high inductance density of more than 80 nH/mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with an efficiency of approximately 78.2% at 20 MHz at 0.5-W output. This is the highest efficiency and power density reported for an integrated transformer in the literature. The inductance drop is less than 20% with a bias current of 0.35 A with up to 6-kV dc breakdown voltage achieved.
Lightweight multicore virtualization architecture exploiting ARM TrustZone (2017)

Virtualization technology is well established in the server and desktop spaces, and has been spreading across embedded system market. This technology allows for the coexistence and execution of multiples operating systems on top of the same hardware platform, with proven technological and economic benefits. Hardware extensions for easing virtualization have been added into several commercial off-the-shelf processors. Among existing technologies, ARM TrustZone is gaining particular attention due to its broadly availability into ARM processors. However, existent TrustZone-assisted virtualization solutions are limited to a dual-guest and single-core configuration, which can lead to the starvation of the non-secure side when the secure world does not yield the processor. This work presents the extension of a TrustZone-assisted hypervisor to an asymmetric multi-processing configuration. We describe and demonstrate how to run a general-purpose operating system side-by-side with an real-time operating system in a Xilinx Zynq-based platform, enhanced with a dual ARM Cortex-A9. The achieved results demonstrate that the implemented multicore approach not only completely eliminates starvation, but also increases the general-purpose operating system's performance, especially when the real-time workload is demanding.
Crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses: a review and comparison of two disease entities (1989)

Crohn's disease is a chronic granulomatous ileocolitis, of unknown etiology, which generally affects the patient during the prime of life. Medical treatment is supportive at best, and patients afflicted with this disorder generally live with chronic pain, in and out of hospitals, throughout their lives. The disease bears the name of the investigator who convincingly distinguished this disease from intestinal tuberculosis in 1932. This distinction was not universally accepted, and the notion of a mycobacterial etiology has never been fully dismissed. Nevertheless, it was 46 years after the distinction of Crohn's disease and intestinal tuberculosis before research attempting to reassociate mycobacteria and Crohn's disease was published. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in the possible association of mycobacteria and Crohn's disease due largely to the isolation of genetically identical pathogenic Mycobacterium paratuberculosis from several patients with Crohn's disease in the United States, the Netherlands, Australia, and France. These pathogenic organisms have been isolated from only a few patients, and direct evidence for their involvement in the disease process is not clear; however, M. paratuberculosis is an obligate intracellular organism and strict pathogen, which strongly suggests some etiologic role. Immunologic evidence of a mycobacterial etiology, as assessed by humoral immune determinations, has been conflicting, but evaluation of the more relevant cellular immunity has not been performed. Data from histochemical searches for mycobacteria in Crohn's disease tissues have been equally conflicting, with acid-fast bacilli detected in 0 to 35% of patients. Animal model studies have demonstrated the pathogenic potential of isolates as well as elucidated the complexity of mycobacterial-intestinal interactions. Treatment of Crohn's disease patients with antimycobacterial agent has not been fully assessed, although case reports suggest efficacy. The similarities in the pathology, epidemiology, and chemotherapy of Crohn's disease and the mycobacterioses are discussed. The issue is fraught with controversy, and the data generated on the association of mycobacteria and Crohn's disease are in their infantile stages so that a general conclusion on the legitimacy of this association cannot be made. While no firm evidence clearly implicates mycobacteria as an etiologic agent of Crohn's disease, the notion is supported by suggestive and circumstantial evidence and a remarkable similarity of Crohn's disease to known mycobacterial diseases.
Twenty-Four-Hour Profile of Plasma Growth Hormone-Binding Protein (1991)

In experimental animals each burst of GH pulse is followed by a wave of receptor turnover and an increase in serum GH-binding protein (GH-BP), which occurs 60 min after the GH peak. The present report describes the 24-h profile of plasma GH-BP and its correlation to GH pulsatility in normal individuals. Four normally growing children in early puberty were the subjects of this study. Blood was withdrawn continuously for 24 h in 30-min fractions. Pulse analysis of both GH and GH-BP was performed by the Pulsar program. The vast majority of the GH pulses were accompanied by GH-BP pulses within 30 min. Correlation of plasma GH levels to GH-BP levels on the residual series above the smoothed baseline of all 172 individual samples was r = 0.447 (P less than 0.001). Thus, plasma GH-BP levels fluctuate rapidly in relation to the pulsatility of plasma GH levels. This may influence the GH disappearance rate and brings into question some of the deconvolution calculations of GH secretory impulses.
High Efficiency and High Power Gunn Diodes (1975)

The oscillation performances of GaAs Gunn diodes which were fabricated to achieve high conversion efficiency and high output are described. The diodes were fabricated from n++ (substrate)-n-n++ structure of GaAs. The n and n++ layers were grown by the vapor phase epitaxy. Each device consisted of a single cleaved chip packaged in a conventional case on a copper heat sink or a type IIa diamond heat sink. The prank of the skin effect in a substrate layer was decreased by decreasing the area of the chip and the thickness of the substrate, and the high dc to rf conversion efficiencies of 9.4 % at 7.78 GHz, 6.3 % at 18.7 GHz and 4.8 % at 33.6 GHz were obtained. Using type IIa diamond heat sinks which have a higher thermal conductivity than copper heat sinks to increase the maximum allowable heat dissipation of diode chips, the high power Gunn diodes with the power 2,250 mW at 7.78 GHz and 620 mW at 18.6 GHz were obtained.
Bombesin: Potent Effects on Thermoregulation in the Rat (1977)

Several vasoactive peptides administered intracisternally have been assessed for the effect of lowering the core temperature of rats exposed to cold. Peptides structurally related to neurotensin lower core temperature while those related to substance P do not. The tetradecapeptide bombesin, orginally isolated from the extracts of the skin of the frog Bombina bombina, is 10(4) times more potent than neurotensin in lowering core temperature, with a minimal effective dose less than or equal to 1 nanogram per 200 grams of body weight. Thus bombesin is one of the most potent peptides reported to affect the central nervous system.
Requirements for the processing of antigen by antigen-presenting B cells. II. Biochemical comparison of the fate of antigen in B cell tumors and macrophages. (1982)

Abstract In the accompanying paper a functional comparison of B cell tumors and macrophages was made with respect to the requirements for an antigen-processing phase subsequent to antigen binding and before antigen-presenting capacity was expressed. By the parameters tested, both B cells and macrophages showed identical requirements for such an antigen-processing step. The present study was performed to determine the fate of radiolabeled proteins after binding to the surface of these cells to obtain information on the possible mechanisms of antigen processing. Three interrelated parameters were studied: the rate of degradation; the extent of compartmentalization, as demonstrated by the amount of protein removed from the cell surface by pronase; and the effect of the lysosomotropic agent chloroquine on the rate of protein degradation. Depending on the type of protein and its mode of interaction with the surface of B cells, quite different results were obtained. The reagents tested included the conventional antigens, KLH and denatured OVA, which bind “nonspecifically” to the cell surface; rabbit anti-mouse Ig (RAMIG), which binds to surface Ig; immune complexes, which bind to Fc receptors; and anti-β2microglobulin, which binds to histocompatibility antigens. Macrophages handled all of these reagents in a very similar manner: there was rapid degradation to TCA soluble material (9 to 40%/hour); definite evidence of compartmentalization of the proteins to pronase-resistant sites in the cell; and lysosomes were implicated as the major catabolic site since degradation was markedly inhibited by chloroquine (60 to 80%). In B cells, of the four reagents examined, only the fate of RAMIG was similar to that observed in macrophages. It was rapidly degraded (6 to 15%/ hr); it was compartmentalized to pronase-resistant sites; and its degradation was inhibited (70 to 80%) by chloroquine. Cross-linking of another surface component, H-2 antigen, with rabbit anti-β2m led predominantly to shedding of intact rabbit antibody and a slow rate of catabolism (0.1 to 1%). Immune complexes were also degraded very slowly (0.1 to 0.3%/hr), but the catabolism that occurred was inhibitable by chloroquine. The conventional antigen KLH was studied most intensively and showed the most marked differences in how macrophages and B cells handle surface-bound protein. KLH was degraded very slowly (0.1 to 1%/hr); there was no evidence of compartmentalization by pronase stripping experiments; and the little catabolism that occurred was not inhibited by chloroquine treatment. These results are discussed with respect to the nature of antigen processing by B cells and macrophages.
Dose proportionality of pharmacokinetics with a cr-verapamil formulation. (1991)

The relatively short half life of verapamil necessitates divided daily dosing in the treatment of angina, hypertension and arrhythmia. To reduce dosing frequency and increase patient compliance and therapeutic efficacy, a controlled-release once-daily verapamil formulation (Verelan) has been developed in three dosage strengths, 120 mg, 240 mg and 360 mg. In order to investigate the dose linearity of this formulation in the 120 mg and 360 mg dose range, un unblinded, crossover, comparative evaluation of the three dosage strengths was performed in a population of 27 male volunteers. Each treatment period lasted nine days with a minimum of 7 days between periods. On Days 1 and 2 of each treatment period, the single dose phase was evaluated following administration of medication on Day 1 only with regular blood sampling over the 48 hour period. On Days 3 and 7 inclusive, the five-day steady phase was evaluated. Mean plasma profiles following administration of each dose demonstrated extended verapamil absorption up to 24 hours after dosing. In both the single dose and steady state phases a linear relationship was observed between increasing dose and pharmacokinetic response over the dose range of 120 mg and 360 mg. This linearity in response with increasing dose is in contrast to the non-linearity of verapamil's pharmacokinetics with conventional verapamil formulations previously described by an number of workers and may be due to a saturation of verapamil's hepatic first pass metabolic pathway.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Occurrence of fructans in the Gramineae (Poaceae) (1989)

The occurrence and type of storage carbohydrate (fructan, starch or sucrose) was determined in stems of reproductive tillers of a number of species of the family Gramineae representing major taxonomic groups. Plants were collected from two grassland sites in Victoria (Australia). Fructans were detected in all species examined, but particularly high concentrations were found in species of the subfamily Pooideae where fructans accounted for 75-95% of the storage carbohydrates. In most other subfamilies, fructans varied between 5 and 30% of the storage carbohydrates. However, fructans accounted for 50% of the storage carbohydrates in species of the subfamily Arundinoideae. Separation of fructans (to DP 14) by thin-layer chromatography demonstrated that different isomers of trisaccharides and different proportions of oligosaccharides were present, depending on the species. In some species there was evidence of continuous series of oligosaccharides between sucrose and high molecular weight polymers. However, these series differed markedly from the series of oligosaccharides present in Helianthus tuberosus. The polymerization of fructans and trisaccharide forms present in the grasses examined were similar on generic and, in a number of cases, subtribal and tribal levels and reflected phylogenetic relationships between taxa. The possible presence of fructans in all subfamilies may indicate that fructan synthesis is not necessarily exclusive to the subfamily Pooideae.
Quantitation of Morphine and Codeine in Human Urine using High-Field Asymmetric Waveform Ion Mobility Spectrometry (FAIMS) with Mass Spectrometric Detection (2001)

Morphine and codeine have been identified and measured in a human urine matrix using high-field asymmetric waveform ion mobility spectrometry (FAIMS) in a tandem combination with electrospray ionization (ESI) and mass spectrometric (MS) detection. The addition of helium to the nitrogen carrier gas resulted in a substantial improvement in the sensitivity of the ESI-FAIMS-MS instrument for the determination of morphine and codeine. Limits of detection in human urine were 60 ng/mL for morphine and 20 ng/mL for codeine with no clean-up, derivatization, or chromatographic separation of the sample prior to analysis.
Treatment with Albendazole for Intestinal Disease Due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi in Patients with AIDS (1994)

To determine the efficacy and safety of albendazole for treatment of intestinal microsporidosis due to Enterocytozoon bieneusi, 29 patients with AIDS were studied. All had chronic diarrhea, weight loss, and evidence of malabsorption. After 1 month of treatment with albendazole (400 mg orally twice a day), the mean number of bowel movements decreased from 7.0 to 3.8 stools/day (P < .0001) and the mean weight gain was 0.56 kg (P = .259). Albendazole at this dose did not clear E. bieneusi on follow-up small-bowel biopsies, but ultrastructural studies revealed an apparent decrease in parasite burden in 2 patients and an increased proportion of dividing plasmodia in 5 patients. There were no significant adverse events associated with this dose of albendazole. A formal double-blind placebo-controlled study using higher doses has recently been approved and will soon be underway (AIDS Clinical Trial Group protocol 207).
Silver deposition in the cervix after application of silver nitrate as a cauterising agent. (1988)

Large amounts of metallic silver pigment were found in 10 cervical biopsy specimens taken for the histological grading of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN). The assessment of CIN was made much harder because the pigment obscured the morphological detail of the epithelial cells, and in some it was very difficult to determine whether koilocytosis or CIN I was present. The silver can easily be removed by a simple chemical method.
Kinetics and mathematical modeling of homoacetic fermentation of lactate by <i>Clostridium formicoaceticum</i> (1988)

Fermentation kinetics of Clostridium formicoaceticum grown on lactate at pH 7.0 and 35 degrees C was studied. Acetate was the only fermentation product and its production was growth associated. The growth of this bacterium was insensitive to the lactate concentrations studied, but was inhibited by acetic acid. A Monod-type expression with product inhibition similar to the noncompetitive inhibition of enzyme kinetics was used to model the batch fermentation. An integrated equation was developed and used to help estimating the kinetic parameters in the model. This mathematical model can be used to simulate the homoacetic fermentation of lactate by C. formicoaceticum at pH 7.0 and 35 degrees C.
Nuclear Dynamics of PCNA in DNA Replication and Repair (2005)

The DNA polymerase processivity factor proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is central to both DNA replication and repair. The ring-shaped homotrimeric PCNA encircles and slides along double-stranded DNA, acting as a "sliding clamp" that localizes proteins to DNA. We determined the behavior of green fluorescent protein-tagged human PCNA (GFP-hPCNA) in living cells to analyze its different engagements in DNA replication and repair. Photobleaching and tracking of replication foci revealed a dynamic equilibrium between two kinetic pools of PCNA, i.e., bound to replication foci and as a free mobile fraction. To simultaneously monitor PCNA action in DNA replication and repair, we locally inflicted UV-induced DNA damage. A surprisingly longer residence time of PCNA at damaged areas than at replication foci was observed. Using DNA repair mutants, we showed that the initial recruitment of PCNA to damaged sites was dependent on nucleotide excision repair. Local accumulation of PCNA at damaged regions was observed during all cell cycle stages but temporarily disappeared during early S phase. The reappearance of PCNA accumulation in discrete foci at later stages of S phase likely reflects engagements of PCNA in distinct genome maintenance processes dealing with stalled replication forks, such as translesion synthesis (TLS). Using a ubiquitination mutant of GFP-hPCNA that is unable to participate in TLS, we noticed a significantly shorter residence time in damaged areas. Our results show that changes in the position of PCNA result from de novo assembly of freely mobile replication factors in the nucleoplasmic pool and indicate different binding affinities for PCNA in DNA replication and repair.
Similarities and differences of English teaching methods between China and Germany (2020)

For China and Germany, the commonly used teaching methods are three-dimensional teaching method and holistic teaching method. There are differences and similarities between the two teaching methods in language theory and understanding of language. It is a typical teaching method in the world. The research and analysis of the similarities and differences between Chinese and German English teaching methods will provide a useful reference for the improvement and reform of English Teaching in China.
Nanosized Carbon Particles From Natural Gas Soot (2009)

Carbon nanoparticles were prepared by refluxing the combustion soot of natural gas in nitric acid. Transmission Electron Microscopy measurements showed that the resulting particles exhibited an average diameter of 4.8 ± 0.6 nm, and the crystalline lattices were consistent with graphitic carbons. 13C NMR and FTIR spectroscopic measurements further confirmed the presence of sp2 carbons in the form of aryl and carboxylic/carbonyl moieties. The resulting carbon nanoparticles were found to emit photoluminescence with a quantum yield of approximately 0.43%. Additionally, the emission band energy of the carbon nanoparticle was very similar to that of much smaller carbon nanoparticles obtained from candle soot, suggesting that the photoluminescence might arise from particle surface states, analogous to the behaviors of semiconductor quantum dots with an indirect bandgap. In electrochemical measurements, two pairs of well-defined voltammetric waves were observed, which might be ascribed to the peripheral functional moieties that were analogous to phenanthrenequinone derivatives. Interestingly, the carbon nanoparticles might also be exploited as nanoscale structural scaffolds for the deposition of nanostructures of varied transition metals, leading to the formation of metal−carbon functional nanocomposites.
Numerical Investigation of Aerodynamics of Canard-Controlled Missile Using Planar and Grid Tail Fins. Part 1. Supersonic Flow (2002)

Viscous computational fluid dynamic simulations were used to predict the aerodynamic coefficients and flowfield around a generic canard-controlled missile configuration in supersonic flow. Computations were performed for Mach 1.5 and 3.0, at six angles of attack between 0 and 10, with 0 and 10 canard deflection, and with planar and grid tail fins, for a total of 48 cases. Validation of the computed results was demonstrated by the very good agreement between the computed aerodynamic coefficients and those obtained from wind tunnel measurements. Visualizations of the flowfield showed that the canard trailing vortices and downwash produced a low-pressure region on the starboard side of the missile that in turn produced an adverse side force. The pressure differential on the leeward fin produced by the interaction with the canard trailing vortices is primarily responsible for the adverse roll effect observed when planar fins are used. Grid tail fins improved the roll effectiveness of the canards at low supersonic speed. No adverse rolling moment was observed with no canard deflection, or at the higher supersonic speed for either tail fin type due to the lower intensity of the canard trailing vortices in these cases. Flow visualizations from the simulations performed in this study help in the understanding of the flow physics and can lead to improved canard and tail fin designs for missiles and rockets.
Specific heat and thermal conductivity of BaTiO3 polycrystalline thin films (2002)

The results of measurements by the ac heater-probe method of the specific heat and thermal conductivity of polycrystalline BaTiO3 films with thickness between 1 and 0.1 μm in a temperature range 120–440 K are presented. In the heating and cooling runs, the phase transition anomalies of the thermal properties in the region of each phase transition in the sequence of symmetry change m3m-4mm-mm2-3m have been observed. A temperature hysteresis is observed, which is the signature of the first order phase transitions. As film thickness decreases, anomalies shift to lower temperatures and became smeared.
Incorporation of Titanium into Mesoporous Silica Molecular Sieve SBA-15 (1999)

Mesoporous silica molecular sieve SBA-15 has been synthesized and incorporated with variable amounts of titanium via incipient-wetness impregnation with titanium isopropoxide in ethanol followed by calcination. Characterization by powder X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption, X-ray photoelectron, Raman, and diffuse reflectance ultraviolet spectroscopies has been carried out to understand the chemical nature of the titanium. The results suggest that titanium is present in two distinct chemical forms and that their relative amounts depend on the titanium loading. At low titanium loading of 1 atom % relative to silicon, the titanium ions are monatomically dispersed and the pore size of SBA-15 is not altered. This isolated titanium species reaches a maximum concentration around 6 atom % relative to silicon. At higher titanium loading, titanium dioxide (anatase) is also formed. The materials with significant titanium dioxide formation have reduced pore diameters, which suggests that the titanium dioxide exists as a thin film anchored inside the mesopores of SBA-15. This new material may have potential as a novel catalyst.