gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Causes and prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisors of school children aged 10-14 years in Maseru, Lesotho. (2008)

Traumatic dental injuries are widespread in the population and the prevalence of traumatic dental injuries among school children in different parts of the world varies from about 3% to 45%. Most injuries involve the anterior teeth, which may lead to eating restrictions, changes in physical appearance, speech defects and psychological impacts that affect the child's quality of life. A cross-sectional survey was carried out to investigate the prevalence, aetiology and types of injuries to permanent incisors among schoolchildren aged 10-14 years from Maseru, Lesotho. Upper and lower permanent incisors were examined for dental injuries. The prevalence of traumatic injuries to the permanent incisor teeth was 9.3% (13.3% boys and 6.3% girls). Significantly more boys than girls suffered injury. The most common type of injury was enamel fractures and most common cause was falls. Health promotion policies should aim to create an appropriate and safe environment for children. Soft playground surfaces, school-crossing patrols, marked zebra crossings and bicycle lanes would help create a safe environment. Speed limits for cars and the use of seat belts, air bags, special car seats for children and bicycle helmets should be enforced. Mouth guards should be used when playing sport, in particular contact sports. Education regarding the epidemiology of dental injuries and their prevention through health promotion may play a major role in reducing the prevalence of dental injury and avoiding the financial costs of treatment, especially in developing countries.
An Algorithm for a Class of Three-Dimensional Assignment Problems Arising in Scheduling Applications (1987)

Abstract A scheduling problem often arising in trade shows and conventions is modeled as a planar three-dimensional assignment problem having a special cost structure. A polynomial-time algorithm for solving this case of the planar assignment problem is presented. The algorithm can also be used to solve heuristically a variation of the m-traveling salesman problem which arises as a secondary problem in the original scheduling application. Computational experience with data from a tourism industry convention scheduling problem is given.
Ge/ZnS-Based Micromachined Fabry–Perot Filters for Optical MEMS in the Longwave Infrared (2015)

This paper reports on the successful demonstration of Ge/ZnS-based Fabry-Perot filters operating in the longwave infrared (LWIR). The suitability of thermally deposited Ge and ZnS as thin-film mirror materials for micromachined LWIR Fabry-Perot filters has been fully investigated, and it is shown that a film growth temperature higher than 150 °C is key to depositing durable ZnS films. The optical constants of Ge and ZnS films in the LWIR band reveal that the material pair possesses high refractive index contrast and excellent LWIR transparency. Fixed-cavity LWIR Fabry-Perot filters with a 150-μm circular single-layer Ge top mirror and a four-layer Ge/ZnS/Ge/ZnS bottom mirror were fabricated. Curvature in the suspended top mirror was corrected using a thin SiNx stress-compensation layer. After curvature correction, a mirror flatness of 550 nm was achieved, and the filter demonstrated a 60% peak transmission with a full-width at half-maximum of 700 nm as well as a out-of-band rejection of 24:1.
A Useful Approach Towards Δ<sup>9</sup>-Tetrahydrocannabinol (1991)

6,12-Dihydro-6-hydroxycannabidiol (3; 2-[6-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-yl]-5-pentyl-1,3-benzenediol) was isolated from the reaction of olivetol (1; 1-pentyl-3,5-dihydroxybenzene) and cis-p-menth-2-ene-1,8-diol (2). This pure, crystalline intermediate facilitates a directed synthesis of title compound 4 (6a,7,8,10a-tetrahydro-1-hydroxy-6,6,9-trimethyl-3-pentyl-6H-dibenzo[b,d]pyran).
Fragile X for the obstetrician and gynecologist (2008)

The fragile X syndrome is the most common cause of genetic-based mental retardation. Mutations of the fragile X gene occur as a spectrum of genetic changes. Both premutations and full mutations are associated with a variety of clinical syndromes including mental retardation, autism, premature ovarian aging and failure, and fragile X-associated tremor and ataxia. The mechanisms of inheritance of fragile X gene mutations are complex in that the mutation can change during transmission from one generation to the next. Womens’ healthcare providers should be aware of the association of fragile X premutations with early ovarian aging and premature ovarian failure. Women with the fragile X premutation are at increased risk of having offspring with fragile X syndrome. The American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology recommends that women with an elevated level of follicle-stimulating hormone before the age of 40 years without a known cause; any child with a developmental delay, mental retardation, autism or autistic behavior of unknown etiology; and patients with a family history of mental retardation should be screened for fragile X. Prenatal testing can also be performed on known carriers of a fragile X premutation.
Erg30, a Vap-33–Related Protein, Functions in Protein Transport Mediated by Copi Vesicles (1999)

Intracellular transport of newly synthesized and mature proteins via vesicles is controlled by a large group of proteins. Here we describe a ubiquitous rat protein-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi 30-kD protein (ERG30)-which shares structural characteristics with VAP-33, a 33-kD protein from Aplysia californica which was shown to interact with the synaptic protein VAMP. The transmembrane topology of the 30-kD ERG30 corresponds to a type II integral membrane protein, whose cytoplasmic NH(2) terminus contains a predicted coiled-coil motif. We localized ERG30 to the ER and to pre-Golgi intermediates by biochemical and immunocytochemical methods. Consistent with a role in vesicular transport, anti-ERG30 antibodies specifically inhibit intra-Golgi transport in vitro, leading to significant accumulation of COPI-coated vesicles. It appears that ERG30 functions early in the secretory pathway, probably within the Golgi and between the Golgi and the ER.
Heterotic Grouping for Liaoning Major Maize Inbreds by SSR Markers (2010)

Genetic variation was analyzed of 54 maize inbred lines in Liaoning with SSR.Using SSR molecular marker technique with 20 core primers based on technique of uniformity and genuineness testing for national maize varieties in regional trial.The results showed that these 20 pairs of SSR core primers had the characteristics of polymorphism.They produced a total of 85 alleles with an average of 4.25 alleles ranged from 2-7 per marker.The average of polymorphic information content(PIC) was between 0.1045-0.8820.Genetic distance among the 54 inbred lines ranged from 0.11 to 1.42.The clustering results showed that the inbred lines could be classified into 5 groups by UPGMA(unweighted pair group method arithmetic average).The clustering results were consistent with the groups based on the available.
Structure and characterization of the genes for murine choline/ethanolamine kinase isozymes α and β (2000)

Choline/ethanolamine kinase (CK/EK) is the first enzyme in phosphatidylcholine/phosphatidylethanolamine biosynthesis in all animal cells. The highly purified CKs from mammalian sources and their recombinant gene products so far were all shown to have EK activity also, indicating that both activities reside on the same protein. CK/EK in most animal cells exists as several isoforms, for two of which (alpha and beta) their cDNAs have been cloned from both the rat and mouse, and they are found to be separate gene products. The physiological significance for the existence of more than one CK/EK enzyme, however, remains to be clarified. In this study, we isolated mouse genes encoding both types of CK/EK isozyme and determined their entire structure. The 5'-flanking promoter regions were found to have quite different features from each other, indicating that their expression could be under distinct control. Comparison of the nucleotide sequence between the corresponding coding exons showed the best homology (75%) residing on exon VIII. A search of the database resulted in the possible existence of 17 different origins of eukaryotic CK and/or EK, each of which presumably contained the entire amino acid sequence. Multialignment of their putative amino acid sequences led to an identification of the novel consensus sequence possibly required for the expression of either CK or EK activity, which corresponded to the sequence within exons VII and VIII of CK/EK-alpha and -beta genes from the mouse. This sequence was localized in close proximity to the C-terminal region of the general (Brenner's) phosphotransferase concensus sequence which was also completely conserved in all of the putative eukaryotic CK/EK proteins. The results demonstrated that, while both CK/EK-alpha and -beta genes were composed of 11 major exons, the size of their genes was quite different: 40 kb for CK/EK-alpha, whereas it was only 3.5 kb for CK/EK-beta.
A Novel De-Cross-Linking System from Cross-Linked Polymer to Linear Polymer Utilizing Pressure or Visible Light Irradiation (2008)

A monomer having a 2,4,5-triphenylimidazole moiety was prepared by the reaction of benzoin and 3-vinylbenzaldehyde with ammonium acetate and 1-butylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate in moderate yield. The radical copolymerization of the obtained monomer and MMA were carried out at 60 °C for 24 h by using AIBN (5 mol %) as an initiator to give a copolymer in good yield. The cross-linking reaction of the obtained copolymer proceeded with K3[Fe(CN)6] and KOH. The obtained cross-linked polymer was de-cross-linked by visible light or pressure. The signal of imidazolyl radical was detected by ESR spectroscopy. This signal showed that a linear polymer was generated.
Mapping of Functional Domains of the Lipid Kinase Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase Type III Alpha Involved in Enzymatic Activity and Hepatitis C Virus Replication (2014)

The lipid kinase PI4KIIIα is of central importance for cellular phosphatidylinositol metabolism and is a key host cell factor of hepatitis C virus replication. However, little is known so far about the structure of this 240-kDa protein and the functional importance of specific subdomains regarding lipid kinase activity and viral replication. This work focuses on the phenotypic analysis of distinct PI4KIIIα mutants in different biochemical and cell-based assays and develops a structural model of the C-terminal enzymatic core. The results shed light on the structural and functional requirements of enzymatic activity and the determinants required for HCV replication.
Evaluating Dynamic Fatigue of Adhesion of Tire Cords to Rubber Stocks (1952)

Abstract A practical reasonably quick method for evaluating the resistance of the adhesive bond between tire cord and rubber stock to flexural (dynamic) fatigue has been developed. The method employs the Roller-Flex machine, on which the test cords, cured in rubber and under tension, are subjected to rapid cyclic flexure by being passed back and forth around small steel rollers. The resistance of the adhesive bond to dynamic fatigue is evaluated by a measurement of the cord adhesion by the familiar H pull-out test, after the sample has been flexed on the machine for a 10-hour period. There is a continual decline in cord adhesion as the flexing period is prolonged. Ten hours were selected as the flexing period in the standard test. A difference of 6 pounds per inch between samples was found necessary for significance at the 5 per cent level. Dynamic adhesion measurements by this method have been found to correlate reasonably well with adhesion performance in road tire tests.
Parathyroid Hormone Stimulates Osteoblastic Expression of MCP-1 to Recruit and Increase the Fusion of Pre/Osteoclasts (2007)

The clinical findings that alendronate blunted the anabolic effect of human parathyroid hormone (PTH) on bone formation suggest that active resorption is involved and enhances the anabolic effect. PTH signals via its receptor on the osteoblast membrane, and osteoclasts are impacted indirectly via the products of osteoblasts. Microarray with RNA from rats injected with human PTH or vehicle showed a strong association between the stimulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and the anabolic effects of PTH. PTH rapidly and dramatically stimulated MCP-1 mRNA in the femora of rats receiving daily injections of PTH or in primary osteoblastic and UMR 106-01 cells. The stimulation of MCP-1 mRNA was dose-dependent and a primary response to PTH signaling via the cAMP-dependent protein kinase pathway in vitro. Studies with the mouse monocyte cell line RAW 264.7 and mouse bone marrow proved that osteoblastic MCP-1 can potently recruit osteoclast monocyte precursors and facilitate receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand-induced osteoclastogenesis and, in particular, enhanced fusion. Our model suggests that PTH-induced osteoblastic expression of MCP-1 is involved in recruitment and differentiation at the stage of multinucleation of osteoclast precursors. This information provides a rationale for increased osteoclast activity in the anabolic effects of PTH in addition to receptor activator of NF-kappaB ligand stimulation to initiate greater bone remodeling.
Debugging race conditions in message-passing programs (1996)

Article Debugging race conditions in message-passing programs Share on Authors: Robert H. B. Netzer Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Box 1910, Providence, RI Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Box 1910, Providence, RIView Profile , Timothy W. Brennan Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Box 1910, Providence, RI Department of Computer Science, Brown University, Box 1910, Providence, RIView Profile , Suresh K. Damodaran-Kamal Hewlett-Packard Company, Convex Technology Center, P.O. Box 833851, Richardson, TX Hewlett-Packard Company, Convex Technology Center, P.O. Box 833851, Richardson, TXView Profile Authors Info & Claims SPDT '96: Proceedings of the SIGMETRICS symposium on Parallel and distributed toolsJanuary 1996 Pages 31–40https://doi.org/10.1145/238020.238033Published:01 January 1996 37citation511DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations37Total Downloads511Last 12 Months10Last 6 weeks1 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteGet Access
Increased signalling of EGFR and IGF1R, and deregulation of PTEN/PI3K/Akt pathway are related with trastuzumab resistance in HER2 breast carcinomas (2012)

Our results support that trastuzumab resistance mechanisms are related with deregulation of PTEN/PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway, and/or EGFR and IGF1R overexpression in a subset of HER2-positive breast carcinomas.
Mechanism of inhibition of DNA gyrase by quinolone antibacterials: specificity and cooperativity of drug binding to DNA (1989)

Although the functional target of quinolone antibacterials such as nalidixic acid and norfloxacin has been identified as the enzyme DNA gyrase, the direct binding site of the drug is the DNA molecule [Shen, L. L., & Pernet, A. G. (1985) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 82, 307-311]. As described in this paper, binding specificity and cooperativity of quinolones to DNA were further investigated with the use of a variety of DNA species of different structures and different base compositions. Results show that the drug binding specificity is controlled and determined largely by the DNA structure. The drug binds weakly and demonstrates no base preference when DNA strands are paired. The drug binds with much greater affinity when the strands are separated, and consequently, binding preference emerges: it binds better to poly(G) and poly(dG) over their counterparts including poly(dI). The results suggest that the drug binds to unpaired bases via hydrogen bonding and not via ring stacking with DNA bases. The weak binding to relaxed double-stranded DNA and the stronger binding to single-stranded DNA are both nonspecific as they do not demonstrate binding saturation and cooperativity. The specific type of binding, initially demonstrated in our previous publication with the supercoiled DNA and more recently with complex formed between linear DNA and DNA gyrase [Shen, L. L., Kohlbrenner, W. E., Weigl, D., & Baranowski, J. (1989) J. Biol. Chem. (in press)], occurs near the drug's supercoiling inhibition concentration. As shown in this paper, binding saturation curves of this type are highly cooperative (with Hill constant greater than 4).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Ring Closure Reactions of Substituted 4-Pentenyl-1-oxy Radicals. The Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Disubstituted Tetrahydrofurans (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRing Closure Reactions of Substituted 4-Pentenyl-1-oxy Radicals. The Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized Disubstituted TetrahydrofuransJens Hartung and Fabienne GallouCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 21, 6706–6716Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00126a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00126a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1161Altmetric-Citations104LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
STAR : An Efficient Coding Scheme for Correcting Triple Storage Node Failures (2008)

Proper data placement schemes based on erasure correcting codes are one of the most important components for a highly available data storage system. For such schemes, low decoding complexity for correcting (or recovering) storage node failures is essential for practical systems. In this paper, we describe a new coding scheme, which we call the STAR code, for correcting triple storage node failures (erasures). The STAR code is an extension of the double-erasure-correcting EVENODD code and a modification of the generalized triple-erasure-correcting EVENODD code. The STAR code is an Maximum Distance Separable (MDS) code and thus is optimal in terms of node failure recovery capability for a given data redundancy. We provide detailed STAR code decoding algorithms for correcting various triple node failures. We show that the decoding complexity of the STAR code is much lower than those of existing comparable codes; thus, the STAR code is practically very meaningful for storage systems that need higher reliability.
Energy Consumption and Net CO<sub>2</sub> Sequestration of Aqueous Mineral Carbonation (2006)

Aqueous mineral carbonation is a potentially attractive sequestration technology to reduce CO2 emissions. The energy consumption of this technology, however, reduces the net amount of CO2 sequestered. Therefore, the energetic CO2 sequestration efficiency of aqueous mineral carbonation was studied in dependence of various process variables using either wollastonite (CaSiO3) or steel slag as feedstock. For wollastonite, the maximum energetic CO2 sequestration efficiency within the ranges of process conditions studied was 75% at 200 °C, 20 bar CO2, and a particle size of <38 μm. The main energy-consuming process steps were the grinding of the feedstock and the compression of the CO2 feed. At these process conditions, a significantly lower efficiency was determined for steel slag (69%), mainly because of the lower Ca content of the feedstock. The CO2 sequestration efficiency might be improved substantially for both types of feedstock by, e.g., reducing the amount of process water applied and further grinding of the feedstock. The calculated energetic efficiencies warrant a further assessment of the (energetic) feasibility of CO2 sequestration by aqueous mineral carbonation on the basis of a pilot-scale process.
Recent progress in multichannel coherent lightwave systems at Bellcore (1990)

We review the recent progress of a 16-channel coherent broadcast network at 155.52 Mb/s, that uses packaged 1.54 μ m DFB lasers stabilized at absolute frequencies and a tunable, polarization-insensitive receiver. System experiments conducted show a 0.3 dB power penalty incurred at a channel spacing of 8.5 Ghz. Results using an erbium-doped fiber amplifier gave a fiber-to-fiber gain of 22 dB and an amplifier dynamic range of 15 dB, enabling the distribution of sixteen 155 Mb/s signals to one of 256 end-users at a distance of 102 km.
Fluorinated Organocatalysts for the Enantioselective Epoxidation of Enals: Molecular Preorganisation by the Fluorine‐Iminium Ion <i>Gauche</i> Effect (2012)

The fluorine-iminium ion gauche effect is triggered upon union of a secondary β-fluoroamine and an α,β-unsaturated aldehyde, providing a useful strategy for controlling the molecular topology of intermediates that are central to organocatalytic processes. The β-fluoroamine (S)-2-(fluorodiphenylmethyl)pyrrolidine (1) is an effective catalyst for the enantioselective epoxidation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. A process of structural editing has revealed that the efficiency of this catalyst is due to the (fluorodiphenyl)methyl group when it is embedded in a β-fluoroiminium motif. Epoxidations of challenging cyclic α,β-disubstituted, β,β-disubstituted and α,β,β-trisubstituted enals catalysed by 1 proceed with excellent levels of enantiocontrol (up to 98% ee).
Block of T-Type Ca<sup>2+</sup> Channels Is an Important Action of Succinimide Antiabsence Drugs (2002)

The role of calcium channel blockade in the antiepileptic action of ethosuximide is controversial, especially regarding the potency and efficacy of block. However, recent evidence obtained from transgenic animals and heterologous expression systems supports a major role of T-type calcium channels in both the generation of absence seizures and the action of ethosuximide in human absence epilepsy.