gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Phosphoramidate Prodrugs Deliver with Potency Against Hepatitis C Virus (2010)

original image\n\nINX-08189: A new sensation! The hepatitis C virus (HCV) antiviral clinical candidate INX-08189, which is a phosphoramidate prodrug of 2′-C-methylguanosine, has recently entered human clinical trials. This anti-HCV nucleoside-derived phosphoramidate, the third of its kind currently under clinical evaluation, has an impressive overall pharmacological profile and synergistic efficacy with other antiviral agents, and its development is highlighted here.
Identification of a rabbit liver cytosolic binding protein for human growth hormone (1984)

A specific growth hormone (GH) binding protein of Mr approx. 100000 has been demonstrated in the cytosolic fraction (200000g supernatant) of pregnant-rabbit liver by gel filtration techniques. This binding species was detectable by a standard charcoal separation procedure but not by the widely used poly(ethylene glycol) precipitation method. The GH binding protein had similar binding characteristics to those of classical membrane-bound GH receptors. The kinetics of association and dissociation, binding affinity (2.56 X 10(9)1/mol) and hormonal specificity have been established. There appears to be equal or greater amounts of GH binding protein in the cytosol than in the membrane fraction. The presence of the GH binding protein in rabbit liver cytosol was substantiated by its selective purification on a GH-Affigel 15 affinity column. This technique has resulted in a 200-300-fold purification with no substantial change in binding affinity. The ability of a concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity column to also bind the cytosolic binding protein indicates that, like the membrane-bound GH receptor, it is a glycoprotein. This is the first report of a cytosolic binding protein for GH and raises important questions regarding its potential physiological role in the mechanism of action of GH.
Software Secretary Kernel: An Extendable Architecture for Learning and Negotiating Personal Assistants (1994)

Software secretaries are agents that provide assistance in managing some office-work (scheduling meetings, reserving rooms, processing purchase orders) in much the same way as human secretaries. This concept seems attractive, since it could provide s
Current perspectives on the families of glycoside hydrolases of<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>: their importance and prospects for assigning function to unknowns (2016)

Glycoside hydrolases (GHs) are enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of glycosidic bonds in glycoconjugates, oligo- and polysaccharides. A classification of these enzymes based on conserved sequence and structure motifs supported by the Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZy) database has proven useful in the systematic groupings of similar enzymes into families. The human pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis employs 30 GHs to perform a variety of different functions, which can be divided into four broad categories: α-glucan metabolism, peptidoglycan remodeling, β-glycan hydrolysis and α-demannosylation. The review presented here shows how the GHs that have been characterized play a role in each category. Expanding the genomic analysis of GH presence to other Mycobacterium species has highlighted the importance of certain families-most notably GH13 and GH23-in the general genomic make-up of mycobacteria. Since many GHs are still uncharacterized and considered as "conserved hypothetical" proteins, the grouping of them into respective families provides a strong prediction on their putative biological functions.
A Faster Migrating Variant Masquerades as NICD When Performing in Vitro γ-Secretase Assays with Bacterially Expressed Notch Substrates (2006)

Intramembrane proteolysis is a new and rapidly growing field. In vitro assays utilizing recombinant substrates for gamma-secretase, an intramembrane-cleaving enzyme, are critically important in order to characterize the biochemical properties of this unusual enzyme. Several recombinant Notch proteins of varying length are commonly used as in vitro substrates for CHAPSO-solubilized gamma-secretase. Here we report that several recombinant Notch constructs undergo limited or no proteolysis in vitro. Instead, upon incubation with or without gamma-secretase, variants of the intact protein migrate during SDS-PAGE at the location expected for the gamma-secretase specific cleavage products. In addition, we show that addition of aspartyl- and gamma-secretase specific protease inhibitors are able to retard the formation of these variants independent of gamma-secretase, which could lead to the erroneous conclusion that Notch cleavage by solubilized gamma-secretase was achieved in vitro even when no proteolysis occurred. In contrast, substrates produced in mammalian or insect cells are cleaved efficiently in vitro. These observations suggest that in vitro studies reliant on recombinant, bacterially produced Notch TMD should be performed with the inclusion of additional controls able to differentiate between actual cleavage and this potential artifact.
Algorithms for acoustic echo cancellation in the presence of double talk. (1999)

Acoustic echo cancellation is an attractive way to enhance speech quality and provide a full-duplex communication channel for hands-free telephony. Among the many implementation challenges, the problem of "double talk" is considered one of the toughest. When near-end speech and the acoustic echo of the far-end speech are simultaneously present in the microphone signal, it is very difficult to separate these two components and provide satisfactory echo attenuation. After providing a thorough overview of the application and the major adaptive filtering algorithms used in echo cancellation, this thesis presents an in-depth study of the published techniques for dealing with double talk. We classify these existing approaches according to their underlying methodology, such as signal level comparison, signal correlation, weight progression monitoring, and dual filter architecture. The strengths and weaknesses of a number of representative algorithms are discussed in some detail. We argue that detection of echo path changes yields a more robust echo canceller than direct double talk detection. The major contribution of this thesis is the development of a novel variable step size approach that uses a measure of the correlation between successive gradient estimates to control the system's adaptation rate. Two main algorithms, denoted GC-VSS3 and PC-VSS, are derived by applying this approach to the Least Mean Squares and Affine Projection algorithms, respectively. We demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed algorithms in a double talk environment. This is done through a series of simulation experiments using white noise, coloured noise, and recorded speech as the input signals. We also show how an auxiliary double talk detector, based on the proposed variable step size technique, may be employed to control the peripheral echo suppression components that are usually required in a hands-free telephone set. Finally, computational complexity is analyzed and shown to be reasonable for practical implementation when certain beneficial properties of the adaptive filter structure are exploited.
Combination of multiple classifiers with measurement values (2002)

An approach for the combination of classifiers, in the context that each classifier can offer not only class labels but also the corresponding measurement values, is introduced. This approach is called the Linear Confidence Accumulation method (LCA). The three steps that LCA consists of are: first, measurement values; second, a confidence aggregation function aggregates the confidence values of each class label; and the last, the final decision will be derived by a decision rule based on the accumulated confidence values. Preliminary experiments have been performed and showed that LCA achieved better performance than the voting and the Bayesian methods. This reveals that measurement values play an important role in improving a system's performance when combining different classifiers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
SAR canonical feature extraction using molecule dictionaries (2013)

We apply a molecule dictionary approach to synthetic aperture radar canonical feature extraction. These canonical features capture physically-relevant scattering geometry as a function of shape type, frequency, aspect, and polarization. The extraction problem is a nonlinear nonconvex optimization that includes model order selection, feature classification, and parameter estimation. Previous work used image-based initializations, gradient descent, and a hierarchical classification scheme to extract the features. The dictionary approach shifts much of the computational burden to dictionary formation which can be done offline, prior to feature extraction. We show results for cases when the true feature lies in the dictionary and when it does not. Discussion of the practical challenges of dictionary construction is given in the context of recent sparse recovery literature.
Self‐service technology and online financial service choice (2007)

Purpose The application of self‐service technology in transaction‐based e‐service (e.g. online financial services) creates a challenge for firms: what combination of features should they offer to satisfy needs from different customer segments? This paper seeks to address the above question by highlighting similarities and differences of consumer preferences among self‐service, hybrid service and professional service segments for online financial services. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a web‐based discrete choice experiment, in which 1,319 consumers were offered different account alternatives, which include features for self‐service and professional assistance, price per transaction, and promotion offers. Findings The results demonstrate that overall, consumer preferences for features of online financial services differ across segments. Moreover, with the variation in the strength of self‐reliance, interesting trends regarding the relative importance of features are observed. With the given customer segments, this study also identifies several demographic features with significant effects on the choice of service alternatives through a multinomial logistic model. Originality/value The authors believe that these results have both managerial and research implications for design and operations strategy formulation for online financial services.
Integrated receiving structure comprising complementary spiral antenna and tuned parallel biased SIS array (1993)

A type of superconducting receiving element comprising a complementary spiral antenna and a series-parallel superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) array with individual tuning of each SIS junction has been designed, fabricated, and experimentally studied. The array was designed for the 80-160 GHz waveband and consists of five SIS junctions, each with a 1.5- mu /sup 2/ area, six inductive short-ended slotlines, and two decoupling capacitances. The effective direct detector bandwidth of this structure with a quantum efficiency equalling unity has been estimated to be as wide as 70 GHz. The noise temperature of the heterodyne mixer has been measured in a three-lens Gaussian beam guide by means of the hot/cold load method, yielding a receiver DSB noise temperature of 80 K. The intermediate-frequency (IF) mixer port load bandwidth and the effect of thermal background radiation on the I-V curve and the saturation of the SIS mixer have been studied.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
High Output Alternator Concepts (1999)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In future passenger vehicles electrical high power consumers will be applied. This publication deals with solutions based on lundell-type alternators for the electrical power supply.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Water-cooling and significant reduction of losses will be discussed as short-term steps to increased output and efficiency.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">As further measures to improve performance permanent magnets for leakage flux compensation and power electronics may be used. Applying a step-up converter allows the generation of up to 6 kW electrical power at increased alternator speed. The efficiency is also considerably improved compared to today's applications.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Additional steps of development with starter-alternators in evolution towards hybrid as well as electric vehicles and the integration of high output alternators in the drivetrain and energy management is mentioned in the outlook.</div>
Coverage of diarrhoea‐associated <scp> <i>E</i> </scp> <i>scherichia coli</i> isolates from different origins with two types of phage cocktails (2014)

Eighty-nine T4-like phages from our phage collection were tested against four collections of childhood diarrhoea-associated Escherichia coli isolates representing different geographical origins (Mexico versus Bangladesh), serotypes (69 O, 27 H serotypes), pathotypes (ETEC, EPEC, EIEC, EAEC, VTEC, Shigella), epidemiological settings (community and hospitalized diarrhoea) and years of isolation. With a cocktail consisting of 3 to 14 T4-like phages, we achieved 54% to 69% coverage against predominantly EPEC isolates from Mexico, 30% to 53% against mostly ETEC isolates from a prospective survey in Bangladesh, 24% to 61% against a mixture of pathotypes isolated from hospitalized children in Bangladesh, and 60% coverage against Shigella isolates. In comparison a commercial Russian phage cocktail containing a complex mixture of many different genera of coliphages showed 19%, 33%, 50% and 90% coverage, respectively, against the four above-mentioned collections. Few O serotype-specific phages and no broad-host range phages were detected in our T4-like phage collection. Interference phenomena between the phage isolates were observed when constituting larger phage cocktails. Since the coverage of a given T4-like phage cocktail differed with geographical area and epidemiological setting, a phage composition adapted to a local situation is needed for phage therapy approaches against E. coli pathogens.
The Irgalan Dyes‐Neutral‐dyeing Metal‐complex Dyes (1955)

Dedicated to the late F. L. Goodall, M.Sc, F.R.I.C., F.S.D.C., Joint Managing Director of The Geigy Company Ltd., Manchester, who was President of the Society of Dyers and Colourists during 1953–1954. Mr. Goodall took a very keen interest in the field of neutral‐dyeing metal‐complex dyes, which have recently become very popular, and he enriched and enlarged this field by his own dyeing experiments and ideas. His was the special merit of recognising for the first time the particularly favourable behaviour of Irgalan dyes, which, from the application point of view, is fundamentally different from that of the metal‐free milling dyes. As one of the initiators of the present work, he helped with the drafting of this paper in the spring of 1954. “Unfortunately, owing to his very sudden and early death, he did not live to see the completion of this paper. The chemistry of chromium‐complex dyes is discussed in relation to dyeing properties on wool, with particular reference to the problem of avoiding skittery dyeing arising from differences between individual wool fibres. The structural features required for dyes to give non‐skittery dyeings under neutral conditions are deduced, and it is shown how these researches resulted in the production of the Irgalan (Gy) dyes.
A toolkit for negotiation support interfaces to multi-dimensional data (1997)

CoDecide is an experimental user interface toolkit that offers an extension to spreadsheet concepts specifically geared towards support for cooperative analysis of the kinds of multi-dimensional data encountered in data warehousing. It is distinguished from previous proposals by direct support for drill-down/roll-up analysis without redesign of an interface; more importantly, CoDecide can link multiple views on a data cube for synchronous or asynchronoous cooperation by multiple analysts, through a conceptual model visualizing the problem dimensions on so-called tapes. Tapes generalize the ideas of ranging and pivoting in current data warehouses for the multi-perspective and multi-user case. CoDecide allows the rapid composition of multi-matrix interfaces and their linkage to underlying data sources. A LAN version of CoDecide has been used in a number of design decision support applications. A WWW version representing externally materialized views on databases is currently under development.
Sexually Transmitted Infection as a Cause of Anal Cancer (1997)

Our study provides strong evidence that a sexually transmitted infection causes anal cancer. The presence of high-risk types of HPV, notably HPV-16 (which is known to cause cancer of the cervix), in the majority of anal-cancer tissue specimens suggests that most anal cancers are potentially preventable.
Further Characterization of the Keratinocyte Somatomedin-C/Insulin-like Growth Factor I (SM-C/IGF-I) Receptor and the Biological Responsiveness of Cultured Keratinocytes to SM-C/IGF-I (1988)

Somatomedin-C/insulin-like growth factor I (SM-C/IGF-I) binds to both cultured keratinocytes trypsinized to single-cell suspensions and fresh epidermal sheets derived from 1 M NaBr-treated 6-mm punch biopsies. A gradual increase of 1-4% in specific binding of SM-C/IGF-I to fresh epidermal sheets was observed during a 5-hour incubation period at 15 degrees C. The human keratinocyte SM-C/IGF-I receptor was isolated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after cross-linking with iodinated SM-C/IGF-I and migrated at 135,000 daltons under reducing conditions. Both a partially purified preparation of SM-C/IGF-I, as well as recombinant DNA-derived thr-59-SM-C/IGF-I (25-100 ng/ml), stimulated keratinocyte replication in a serum-free system, with an approximately equivalent effect as insulin (10 micrograms/ml). Since fibroblasts produce SM-C/IGF-I, our data suggest that some dermal-epidermal interactions in diseases such as psoriasis may be mediated, in part, by SM-C/IGF-I.
Extreme π-Loading as a Design Element for Accessing Imido Ligand Reactivity. A CCC-NHC Pincer Tantalum Bis(imido) Complex: Synthesis, Characterization, and Catalytic Oxidative Amination of Alkenes (2016)

A rare Ta bis(imido) complex, which has unique reactivity, was prepared by manipulating the coordination sphere of a CCC-NHC pincer Ta complex. The reaction of lithium tert-butylamide with complex 1 yielded (1,3-bis(3′-butylimidazol-2′-yl-1′-idene)-2-phenylene)bis(tert-butylimido)tantalum(V) (2) as a lithium iodide bridged dimer, as determined by the X-ray structure. Complex 2 catalytically cyclized α,ω-aminoalkenes to effect an oxidative amination of alkenes (dehydrogenation by C–H activation) and produced a cyclic imine, an equivalent of reduced substrate, and varying proportions of hydroamination. Various additives and concentration impact the catalytic results. Computational and experimental observations have led to an initial mechanistic hypothesis. Based upon it, precatalyst 2 appears to be the first example of a bifunctional catalyst (MH-NHR) that is highly selective for nonpolar C═C bonds in preference to polar C═X bonds for outer-sphere hydrogenation.
RETRACTED: Dissipative metabolic patterns respond during neutrophil transmembrane signaling (2001)

Self-organization is a common theme in biology. One mechanism of self-organization is the creation of chemical patterns by the diffusion of chemical reactants and their nonlinear interactions. We have recently observed sustained unidirectional traveling chemical redox [NAD(P)H - NAD(P)(+)] waves within living polarized neutrophils. The present study shows that an intracellular metabolic wave responds to formyl peptide receptor agonists, but not antagonists, by splitting into two waves traveling in opposite directions along a cell's long axis. Similar effects were noted with other neutrophil-activating substances. Moreover, when cells were exposed to an N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) gradient whose source was perpendicular to the cell's long axis, cell metabolism was locally perturbed with reorientation of the pattern in a direction perpendicular to the initial cellular axis. Thus, extracellular activating signals and the signals' spatial cues are translated into distinct intracellular dissipative structures.
Pierre Mendès France face au problème algérien : une attitude moderne ? (2001)

Wall Irwin. Pierre Mendès France face au problème algérien : une attitude moderne ?. In: Matériaux pour l'histoire de notre temps, n°63-64, 2001. Pierre Mendès France et la Modernité - Actes du colloque - Assemblée nationale - 15 juin 2001. pp. 13-22.
The pims and outs of survival signaling: role for the Pim-2 protein kinase in the suppression of apoptosis by cytokines: Figure 1. (2003)

The regulation of cell survival has a well-documented role in the maintenance of homeostasis, the damage response, and is misregulated in various disease states. Cancer, in particular, is one disease in which the failure to maintain an intact apoptotic response is associated with disease progression and treatment failure (Cory and Adams 2002). Apoptosis is regulated, in part, through dependence upon growth factors and cytokines. For example, the survival of lymphoid cells is closely controlled by specific cytokines, which provide an intricate selection process to determine the cells that should be maintained and those that should not. Whereas this cytokine and growth factor addiction can be thought of as an effective means for controlling populations of normal proliferating cells, cells do occasionally escape this dependence, often through specific defects in the capacity to undergo apoptosis, or the upstream signal transduction pathways that regulate apoptosis, and the result can be tumorigenesis. Thus, understanding how the cytokine and growth factor signaling pathways regulate survival is an integral step toward the development of effective cancer treatments. Growth factors and cytokines signal survival through their cognate receptors, activating signaling pathways often composed of protein kinase cascades, the most notorious of which include the Map kinases, Jak/Stat, PI3 kinase/Akt, and IKK/NF B. Through the phosphorylation of specific substrates, survival activity can be manifest in a myriad of ways spanning regulation of transcription through direct modification of apoptotic effectors. There are a large number of growth factors and cytokines, some of which provide survival signals specific to certain cell types, whereas others posses more ubiquitous survival functions. Many share a number of common kinase signaling pathways, and it is merely the mechanism of pathway activation that determines specificity of the survival signal. There is also cross-talk, overlap, and redundancy to many survival signaling pathways that impose layers of complexity to the process of defining the crucial mechanisms of survival regulation in normal and diseased cells. In this issue, Fox et al. (2003) use a genomics approach to explore the role of one serine/threonine kinase, Pim-2, in growth factor-mediated apoptotic resistance in hematopoeitic cells.