gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Electrocatalytic Process for Ammonia Electrolysis: A Remediation Technique with Hydrogen Co-Generation (2016)

Alkaline ammonia electrocatalysis offers a favorable technique for hydrogen generation and simultaneous conservation of environmental sustainability. In this work, the electrooxidation of ammonia on platinum-Iridium (Pt-Ir) electrocatalyst was studied in 5 M potassium hydroxide (KOH) solution. The effects of operating conditions such as, temperature and ammonia (NH3) concentration were investigated. Ammonia electrooxidation current density increased at elevated temperature and ammonia concentration. The maximum ammonia conversion was 78 % for 2300 ppm ammonia. Furthermore, the maximum hydrogen flow rate obtained was 25 L/ h and the corresponding energy consumption is 1.6 W h/ L-H2. The hydrogen purity obtained from the gas chromatography was 86 %. Ammonia is poisonous to the proton exchange membrane (PEM), hence ammonia ion selective electrode was used to determine the amount of ammonia present in H2 gas stream produced and was found to be < 0.1ppm
Effect of water extracts of aloe and some herbs in decreasing blood ethanol concentration in rats. II. (1989)

Oral administration of ethanol to rats at a dose of 3 g/kg decreased alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) activity and metabolism of lactate to pyruvate in the liver. The effects of water extracts of Aloe and some other herbs on blood ethanol concentration and on ADH activity in liver cytosol were examined. The water extracts of these herbs caused a faster elimination of ethanol from blood of normal rats when administered orally 30 min before oral administration of ethanol. The rapid elimination of ethanol seems to be due to a protection of ADH activity and the supply of nicotinamide dinucleotide, both of which are reduced by high ethanol concentration. The effects of ethanol in decreasing the enzyme activities relating to its own metabolism occur when high concentrations of ethanol pass through the liver, and thus may primarily appear during the absorption of alcohol from the gastrointestinal tract, when portal concentration of ethanol are very high.
Complications Associated with Prolonged Tourniquet Application on the Battlefield (2008)

The use of a tourniquet to control bleeding is a necessity in both surgical and prehospital settings. Tourniquet application, if performed properly, can be a lifesaving procedure, particularly in a traumatic setting such as the battlefield. A tourniquet is easily applied and requires the use of a relatively uncomplicated piece of equipment. However, improper or prolonged placement of a tourniquet because of poor medical training can lead to serious injuries, such as nerve paralysis and limb ischemia. Here we present five case reports of improper tourniquet applications on the battlefield that resulted in nerve damage. We conclude that there is a need for improved training among medical personnel in the use of tourniquets, as well as a need for an adjustable-pressure, commercial-type sphygmomanometer cuff with a large surface area that is appropriate for application to all limbs parts. We also recommend that, in cases requiring the use of a tourniquet, the caregiver remove the tourniquet every 2 hours and assess the bleeding; if the bleeding has stopped, then the tourniquet should be replaced with a pressure bandage to minimize tissue damage.
Generation of Free Space Radiation Patterns From Non-Anechoic Measurements Using Chebyshev Polynomials (2010)

Generally, antenna radiation patterns are measured in an anechoic condition so that the presence of undesired reflections does not skew the final measurements. The objective of this communication is to search for methodologies which can extract meaningful approximate results from non-anechoic measurements. In other words, how to process the reflection contaminated data and extract valuable information when one does not have a good anechoic room and performs measurements with various undesired reflections present in the data. The Chebyshev polynomials are used to extract from the data collected under non-anechoic environment and generate a radiation pattern for the same antenna radiating in free space conditions. The problem with this method is that some <emphasis emphasistype="italic" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a priori</emphasis> information is required about the environment. Measured data has been used to illustrate the applicability of this new methodology and its improved performance over the FFT based methods.
A stereocontrolled intramolecular cycloaddition – sigmatropic rearrangement approach to a tricyclo[7.4.0<sup>1,6</sup>.0<sup>1,10</sup>]tridecane precursor for (±) gascardic acid (1991)

A general intramolecular Diels–Alder anionic oxy-Cope strategy for the synthesis of tricyclic skeletons and its application to the preparation of the gascardic acid precursor 21 is described. In situ generation of the appropriate cyclopentadiene 9 by isomerization (Et 3 N) afforded the [4+2] adduct directly or with EtAlCl 2 as catalyst. The requisite potassium salt of the 1,5 diene 16 rearranged with concomitant epimerization at 67 °C to the fused ring ketone 18. Selective allylic oxidation and reduction provided 21. Key words: Diels–Alder, oxy-Cope, sesterterpene, synthesis, cycloaddition.
Soft switched PWM DC/DC converter with synchronous rectifiers (2002)

In this paper, a low DC voltage output, soft-switched PWM DC/DC converter with two different synchronous rectification (SR) schemes (self-driven and external-driven) is presented. The operating principle of the circuit is discussed briefly. Power losses in the two synchronous rectifiers for different implementations have been analytically estimated. The commutation overlap interval of the rectifiers significantly increases power loss in the self-driven scheme and this could be eliminated (or substantially reduced) through an external-driven scheme. The 'fully' external-driven scheme was, however, found to be difficult to implement due to accurate gate timing requirements. A 'partially' external driven SR scheme is proposed for such soft-switched converters derived from half-bridge topology. This scheme is relatively simple and robust. It has reduced losses during the commutation overlap intervals; also, being external-driven, it allows optimum choice of gate voltage for low losses. Various efficiency results from an experimental prototype using self-driven end 'partially' external-driven SR schemes as well as Schottky rectifiers are provided to show the anticipated good performance of the proposed SR scheme.
Tracking of ground targets with bistatic airborne radar (2008)

Detection of moving targets in stationary clutter can be accomplished by STAP radar. In contrast to monostatic radar the performance of bistatic STAP depends strongly on the actual radar-target geometry. Even for sidelooking radar the clutter Doppler is generally range dependent which causes special problems in estimating the space-time clutter covariance matrix. For certain bistatic constellations clutter notches as appearing during track (i.e. areas of low probability of detection) may be considerably wider than in monostatic radar. The bistatic transmitter-receiver constellation has strong implications on ground moving target tracking, which is basic for producing a recognized ground picture as well as for analyzing traffic flows, identifying sources and sinks of traffic, or detecting lines of communication. Aspects of a bistatic GMTI tracking algorithm are described and some typical tracking results are given. Special emphasis is placed on a suitable modeling of the bistatic radar characteristics within the tracker.
Semantics-Based Locking: From Isolation to Co- operation (1994)

'Advanced database applications', such as CAD/CAM, CASE, large AI applications or imageand voice processing, place demands on transaction management which differ substantially from those of traditional database applications. In particular, there is a need to support 'enriched' data models (which include, for example, complex objects or version and configuration management), 'synergistic' cooperative work, and application- or user-supported consistency. This paper deals with a subset of these problems. It develops a methodology for implementing semantics-based concurrency control on the basis of ordinary locking. More specifically, it will be shown how conventional locking can step by step be improved and refined to finally reach our initial goal, namely a comprehensive support of synergistic cooperative work by the exploitation of application-specific semantics. In addition to the 'conventional' binding of locks to transactions we consider the binding of locks to objects (object related) and subjects (subject related locks). Object related locks can define persistent and adaptable access restrictions on objects. This permits, among others, the modeling of different types of version models (time versions, version graphs) as well as library (standard) objects. Subject related locks are bound to subjects (user, application, etc.) and can be used among others to supervise or direct the transfer of objects between transactions.<br/>
[Morphogenesis of central and peripheral arteriopathies in the spontanously hypertensive rat. 1. Histological characteristics]. (1980)

Numerous elastic and muscular arteries and arterioles of the SHR and Wistar Kyoto were morphologically and comparatively studied before (4th week) and after (20th, 30th and 60th week) high blood pressure set in. The vascular changes observed occurred after the increase in blood pressure, were proportional to its duration, and differed in frequency and intensity: myocyte hypertrophy, medial thickening and fibrosis (omnipresent) greater than cell proliferation and migration, lymphomonocyte invasion, intima thickening (localised) greater than signs of degeneration (vacuolar, hyaline); necrosis and repair (late - 60th week and scattered). The morphogenesis of SHR arteriopathy was characterised by the pre-eminence of cell phenomena over insudation phenomena. Three processes of unequal importance (myocyte hypertrophy, connective neogenesis greater than myocyte hyperplasia) lead to a thickening of the arterial and arteriolar media (vascular wall adaptation to the increased blood pressure). The intimal fibro-muscular thickening (scattered and unevenly distributed) arose from reactions of local arterial cells (migration and proliferation) and lymphomonocyte immigration. The chronology and severity of lesions presented certain variations from some arteries to others i.e. more pronounced reaction of the media in the central vasculature; those in the intima were more extensive and serious at orifices and bifurcations and in small arteries and arterioles (obstructive arteriolopathy); heart and kidney vasculatures were affected earlier and more seriously. The "atherogenic impact" of the medial fibrosis and thickening, of obstructive arteriolopathy in vasa vasorum, of the increase in glucosaminoglycan content, and of the invasion by platelets and monocytes was discussed.
Classification of Image using Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) (2019)

Computer vision is concerned with the automatic extraction, analysis, and understanding of useful information from a single image or a sequence of images. We have used Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) in automatic image classification systems. In most cases, we utilize the features from the top layer of the CNN for classification; however, those features may not contain enough useful information to predict an image correctly. In some cases, features from the lower layer carry more discriminative power than those from the top. Therefore, applying features from a specific layer only to classification seems to be a process that does not utilize learned CNN’s potential discriminant power to its full extent. Because of this property we are in need of fusion of features from multiple layers. We want to create a model with multiple layers that will be able to recognize and classify the images. We want to complete our model by using the concepts of Convolutional Neural Network and CIFAR-10 dataset. Moreover, we will show how MatConvNet can be used to implement our model with CPU training as well as less training time. The objective of our work is to learn and practically apply the concepts of Convolutional Neural Network.
<title>Model-based object recognition using laser radar range imagery</title> (1999)

The combined effects of laser speckle and local oscillator shot noise degrade coherent laser radar range measurements. As a result, laser radar range imagery suffers from both uniformly-distributed range anomalies and Gaussian-distributed local range errors. Our goal in this research is to develop a target recognition system capable of recognizing military vehicles in range images provided by airborne laser radars. In particular, we will focus on using laser radar range imagery in a statistical model-based object recognition system. We shall present performance results for our object recognition system using laser radar data from the MIT Lincoln Laboratory Infrared Airborne Radar (IRAR) data release together with 3-D CAD models which account for the possible military targets that may be present on the site imaged by the laser radar.
Physiology of GLP-1 - Lessons from Glucoincretin Receptor Knockout Mice (2004)

GLP-1 has both peripheral and central actions, as this hormone is secreted by gut endocrine cells and brainstem neurons projecting into the hypothalamus and other brain regions. GLP-1 has multiple regulatory functions participating in the control of glucose homeostasis, beta-cell proliferation and differentiation, food intake, heart rate and even learning. GLP-1 action depends on binding to a specific G-coupled receptor linked to activation of the adenylyl cyclase pathway. Analysis of mice with inactivation of the GLP-1 receptor gene has provided evidence that absence of GLP-1 action in the mouse, despite this hormone potent physiological effects when administered in vivo, only leads to mild abnormalities in glucose homeostasis without any change in body weight. However, a critical role for this hormone and its receptor was demonstrated in the function of the hepatoportal vein glucose sensor, in contrast to that of the pancreatic beta-cells, although absence of both GLP-1 and GIP receptors leads to a more severe phenotype characterized by a beta-cell-autonomous defect in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Together, the studies of these glucoincretin receptor knockout mice provide evidence that these hormones are part of complex regulatory systems where multiple redundant signals are involved.
Retinoids modulate P<sub>2U</sub>purinergic receptor-mediated changes in transcervical paracellular permeability (1998)

In human cervical cells, extracellular ATP induces an acute decrease in the resistance of the lateral intercellular space, the phase I response, followed by a delayed increase in tight junctional resistance, the phase II response. These responses depend on vitamin A because incubation of cells in retinoid-free medium (RFM) abolished both responses. Treatment with retinoic acid restored the phase I response in full, but the amplitude of the phase II response was restored only partly. Shorter incubations and lower concentrations of retinoic acid [half-maximal effective concentrations (K 1/2) = 0.1 microM] were required for restoring the phase I response than were required for reversing the phase II response (K 1/2 = 1 microM). The phase I response could be restored by ligands that bind to either retinoic acid receptors (RARs) or retinoid X receptors, but only RAR agonists had an effect on phase II response. RFM had no effect on decreases in resistance induced by ionomycin, but it attenuated phase II-like increases in resistance induced by KCl or by 1,2-dioctanoyl-sn-diglycerol (diC8). Actinomycin D blocked phase II response but not phase I response or the responses to ionomycin, KCl, or diC8. These results suggest that retinoids act on cervical cells via distinct retinoid receptor mechanisms and modulate phase I and phase II changes in resistance by regulating distinct signal mechanisms.
<i>Stacks</i>: Building and Genotyping Loci <i>De Novo</i> From Short-Read Sequences (2011)

Advances in sequencing technology provide special opportunities for genotyping individuals with speed and thrift, but the lack of software to automate the calling of tens of thousands of genotypes over hundreds of individuals has hindered progress. Stacks is a software system that uses short-read sequence data to identify and genotype loci in a set of individuals either de novo or by comparison to a reference genome. From reduced representation Illumina sequence data, such as RAD-tags, Stacks can recover thousands of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers useful for the genetic analysis of crosses or populations. Stacks can generate markers for ultra-dense genetic linkage maps, facilitate the examination of population phylogeography, and help in reference genome assembly. We report here the algorithms implemented in Stacks and demonstrate their efficacy by constructing loci from simulated RAD-tags taken from the stickleback reference genome and by recapitulating and improving a genetic map of the zebrafish, Danio rerio.
Impact assessment of large scale transport infrastructure in Northern Vietnam (2004)

Highway No. 5 is a trunk road of 100 kilometers connecting the national capital of Hanoi with the country's gateway port city of Haiphong. The highway has been a main road for transporting raw materials, components, and final products that are produced, processed, and consumed in northern Vietnam. In this sense, the highway is the most important road for maintaining the economic and social activities in the region. Projects to improve Highway No. 5 and rehabilitate Haiphong Port were agreed upon between the Vietnamese and Japanese governments soon after the resumption of the Japanese Official Development Assistance (ODA) loan to Vietnam in 1992. The two projects were intended to meet the needs of the rapidly increasing road traffic in the Red River Delta of northern Vietnam and to strengthen the capacity of Haiphong Port.
Development of a Multiparametric Cell-based Protocol to Screen and Classify the Hepatotoxicity Potential of Drugs (2012)

Hepatotoxicity is a major reason for drug nonapprovals and withdrawals. The multiparametric analysis of xenobiotic toxicity at the single cells level using flow cytometry and cellular imaging-based approaches, such as high-content screening (HCS) technology, could play a key role in the detection of toxicity and the classification of compounds based on patterns of cellular injury. This study aimed to develop and validate a practical, reproducible, in vitro multiparametric cell-based protocol to assess those drugs that are potentially hepatotoxic to humans and to suggest their mechanisms of action. The assay was applied to HepG2 human cell line cultured in 96-well plates and exposed to 78 different compounds for 3 and 24 h at a range of concentrations (1-1000μM). After treatments, cells were simultaneously loaded with five fluorescent dyes showing optical compatibility and were then analyzed with the High-Content Screening Station Scan^R (Olympus). By using the new technology of HCS cell parameters associated with nuclear morphology, plasma membrane integrity, mitochondrial function, intracellular calcium concentration, and oxidative stress, indicative of prelethal cytotoxic effects and representative of different mechanisms of toxicity, were measured at the single cells level, which allows high-throughput screening. This strategy appears to identify early and late events in the hepatotoxic process and also suggests the mechanism(s) implicated in the toxicity of compounds to thereby classify them according to their degree of injury (no injury, low, moderate, and high injury).
Soft x-ray gain in the alkali earths (1977)

An unsuccessful attempt was made to observe gain in low pressure sodium vapor at 372 A at an x-ray pumping power level of 0.1 GW/cm(2) . As a result we suggest that high density alkali-earth vapors be used instead. With a system of tunable dye lasers of moderate power, it should be possible to reduce substantially the lower laser level population and achieve gains on the order of 1-3 cm(-1). The calculations reported verify this. The additional outer electron in the alkali-earths is necessary to use the dye laser scheme. The tradeoff is that the upper laser level can Auger decay. Our calculations indicate that this is not too severe a limitation in Ca. Since the calculations may be in error, we further suggest that the dye laser scheme is applicable to alkali-earths which have been preexcited to levels for which Auger decay is forbidden in LS coupling.
<b>ISOLATION AND CHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A SERIES OF NEW SPIDER TOXIN (NEPHILATOXINS) IN THE VENOM OF JORO SPIDER, <i>NEPHILA </i></b><b><i>CLAVATA </i></b> (1988)

New spider toxins, nephilatoxins, were purified from the venom of Joro spider, Nephila clavata, and characterized. Nephilatoxins are structurally similar to each other and possess a 6-hydroxy-indole-3-acetyl or indole-3-acetyl moiety linked with N-termini of the polycationic part composed of basic amino acids and polyamines. The toxins induce histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells. Some of the toxins suppress the excitatory postsynaptic potential in the lobster walking leg. In addition, the toxins show insecticidal action against wriggler of mosquitos when they were added in the water.
SMARTENERGY.KOM: An intelligent system for energy saving in smart home (2014)

Over the last twenty years, energy conservation has always been of great importance to individuals, societies and decision makers around the globe. As a result, IT researchers have shown a great interest in providing efficient, reliable and easy-to-use IT services which help users saving energy at home by making use of the current advances in Information and Communications Technology (ICT). Driven by the aforementioned motivation, we developed SMARTENERGY.KOM, our framework for realizing energy efficient smart homes based on wireless sensor networks and human activity detection. Our work is based on the idea that most of the user activities at home are related to a set of electrical appliances which are necessary to perform these activities. Therefore, we show how it is possible to detect the user's current activity by monitoring his fine-grained appliance-level energy consumption. This relation between activities and electrical appliances makes it possible to detect appliances which could be wasting energy at home. Our framework is organized in two components. On one hand, the activity detection framework which is responsible for detecting the user's current activity based on his energy consumption. On the other hand, the EnergyAdvisor framework which utilizes the activity detection for the purpose of recognizing the appliances which are wasting energy at home and informing the user about optimization potential.