gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Survey of plasmids and resistance factors in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli (1985)

A total of 688 isolates of Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli were screened for the presence of plasmid DNA by agarose gel electrophoresis and were tested for susceptibility to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, streptomycin, and tetracycline. Of the isolates examined, 32% were noted to harbor plasmid DNA, ranging in size from 2.0 to 162 kilobases. Only tetracycline resistance was noted to correlate with the presence of plasmids. Plasmids capable of transferring tetracycline resistance via conjugation ranged in size from 42 to 100 kilobases. The Bg/II and Bc/I restriction endonuclease profiles of 31 plasmids examined showed marked diversity in their banding patterns. Although a high degree of DNA-DNA homology was noted among the Campylobacter spp. plasmids, no homology was noted between these plasmids and tetracycline R factors commonly found in the family Enterobacteriaceae.
Reducing spatially correlated noise and decoherence with quantum error correcting codes (1998)

It is shown that the noise process in quantum computation can be described by spatially correlated decoherence and dissipation. We demonstrate that the conventional quantum error correcting codes correcting for single-qubit errors are applicable for reducing spatially correlated noise.
A Discussion on natural strain and geological structure - Strain and anisotropy in rocks (1976)

Abstract The evaluation of finite strain in naturally deformed rocks is restricted by the limited occurrence of good natural strain indicators which are also homogeneous with respect to the matrix. This problem is overcome by establishing the relation between measured finite strain and those physical behaviour characteristics of rocks that are dependent upon the anisotropy resulting from deformation. Accordingly, the strain measured from natural indicators is calibrated against ( degree of preferred orientation, (b) magnetic susceptibility anisotropy, and (r) seismic anisotropy. This _ will permit three approaches to be used independently for the evaluation of strain, provided that a minimal number of actual strains are available. The relation between measured strain and the degree of preferred orientation of layer silicates as revealed by X-ray transmission goniometry is established for a group of fine grained tectonites of dominantly planar fabric which have an average deformation ellipsoid of form 1.6:1 :,0.26. The strains measured from the degree of preferred orientation are in remarkable agreement with those measured from natural strain indicators. The measured deformation ellipsoids for a wide range of strains are also compared to the correlative ellipsoids of magnetic susceptibility anisotropy. The axes of both sets of ellipsoids are coincidental and the shape relationship between deformation and magnetic susceptibility ellipsoids is established by linear regression. Finally, the anisotropy of seismic velocities is determined by measuring the pseudocompressional velocity and two orthogonally polarized pseudo shear wave velocities for each of a minimum of nine non-coplanar directions. The velocity surfaces thus obtained define an elastic or seismic velocity anisotropy ellipsoid, the axes of which are also precisely coincidental with those of the finite deformation ellipsoid. The influence of rock fabric upon seismic velocities is such that for a rock which has undergone a principal finite extension of 135 % and a finite shortening of 65 %, the difference of compressional and shear wave velocities between these two directions is in the ratio 1.26:1 for P waves and 1.33:1 for S waves.
Optimization-Based Wearable Tactile Rendering (2016)

Novel wearable tactile interfaces offer the possibility to simulate tactile interactions with virtual environments directly on our skin. But, unlike kinesthetic interfaces, for which haptic rendering is a well explored problem, they pose new questions about the formulation of the rendering problem. In this work, we propose a formulation of tactile rendering as an optimization problem, which is general for a large family of tactile interfaces. Based on an accurate simulation of contact between a finger model and the virtual environment, we pose tactile rendering as the optimization of the device configuration, such that the contact surface between the device and the actual finger matches as close as possible the contact surface in the virtual environment. We describe the optimization formulation in general terms, and we also demonstrate its implementation on a thimble-like wearable device. We validate the tactile rendering formulation by analyzing its force error, and we show that it outperforms other approaches.
New Insights on the Active Species and Mechanism of Cytotoxicity of Salan-Ti(IV) Complexes: A Stereochemical Study (2011)

Following the discovery of cisplatin, much effort has been devoted to the exploration of transition metal complexes as cytotoxic agents. We have recently introduced the highly efficient C(2)-symmetrical salan-Ti(IV) family of complexes, demonstrating high cytotoxicity toward colon and ovarian cells and enhanced hydrolytic stability in mixed organic/water solutions. The effect of stereochemistry is hereby reported, by comparing the cytotoxic activity and hydrolysis of pure enantiomers and their racemic mixture for four complexes of this family with different aromatic substitutions: para-Me, para-Cl, ortho-Cl, and ortho-OMe. These complexes include the trans-diaminocyclohexyl bridge, which enables ligand-to-metal chiral induction to give solely the Δ isomer when starting from the R,R ligand and vice versa. Different activity is obtained for the different stereochemical forms (Δ, Λ, and rac) in two of the four complexes, where for the other two either all forms are inactive or all are highly active. Additionally, where not all are of similar activity, the racemic mixture is the least active of the three. We therefore conclude that the salan ligand is essential for the fruitful biological interaction, which probably involves a chiral cellular target. The activity of the racemate differing from that expected from a simple mixture of enantiomers operating separately may be explained by the involvement of a polynuclear active species, where different metal centers might be of different configurations. This is particularly supported by the different polynuclear products of hydrolysis obtained from an optically pure complex and from the racemic one, as analyzed crystallographically. The former is an all-R,R chiral C(1)-symmetrical homodimer, while the latter is an achiral R,R-S,SC(i)-symmetrical heterodimer obtained through chiral recognition.
Live Migration of Processes Maintaining Multiple Network Connections (2010)

Single IP Address cluster offers a transparent view of a cluster of machines as if they were a single computer on the network. In such an environment, process migration can play a significant role for providing services seamlessly and for increasing sustainability. In this paper we propose a live migration mechanism which is capable of moving processes that maintain a massive amount of network connections, supporting both TCP and UDP sockets. Incoming packet loss during socket migration is prevented by exploiting the broadcast property of the Single IP Address cluster, while process live migration minimizes the execution freeze time during the actual migration of the process context. Performance evaluation on machines equipped with a 2.4GHz CPU and Gigabit Ethernet interconnect shows that migrating a process of 1GB image size and over 1000 established network connections results in less than 200ms process freeze time, rendering the transition fully transparent and responsive from the clients' point of view. The implementation is comprised entirely of a kernel module for Linux 2.6, without any changes to the existing kernel code.
Design of Broad Band Amplifier Using Feedback Technique (2003)

Abstract-In this paper, an MMIC broadband amplifier for wireless communication systems has been developed by using an active feedback method. This active feedback operates at much higher frequencies than a method by a spiral inductor feedback and its size is independent of the inductance value. The MMIC broadband amplifier was designed using a 0.5 ㎛ MESFET library. The fabricated chip area was 1.4 mm × 1.4 mm. Measurement showed a gain of 18 dB with a gain flatness of ± 3 dB in a 1.5 GHz∼3.5 GHz band. The maximum output power and the minimum noise figure were 14 dBm and 2.5 dB in the same band, respectively. Index Terms-broad band amplifier, feedback, common-source FET, MMIC amplifier, active feedback I.
The lateral stability of train suspension systems employing inerters (2009)

Abstract This paper investigates the benefits of lateral stability of train suspension systems employing a newly developed mechanical network element known as an inerter. An inerter was proposed as an ideal mechanical two-port element to substitute for the mass element in the mechanical/electrical analogy. As of now, inerters have been successfully applied to car and motorcycle suspension systems, for which significant performance benefits were reported. This paper discusses the improvements on lateral stability of train suspension systems employing inerters. The study was carried out in three parts. First, an existing 12 degrees-of-freedom (DOF) train model was built and verified by a multi-body-builder, AutoSimTM. Second, inerters were applied to the train suspension system to increase the critical speed. Finally, the discussion was extended to a 16-DOF model to demonstrate the performance improvement by inerters. From the results, inerters were deemed effective in improving the lateral stability of train suspension systems. Keywords: inerterpassive networktrain suspension systemcritical speedlateral stability Acknowledgements The authors are grateful to Mr. Min-Jui Hsieh for modifying Figures 1, 4 and 7.
[Preparation of lyophilized lentiviral vector of bone morphogenetic protein 2]. (2015)

To construct recombinant lentiviral vectors of bone morphogenetic protein 2(BMP-2) gene and prepare a stable lyophilized state.The BMP-2 gene lentiviral vector was constructed by recombinant DNA technology and mixed with different stabilizers in an appropriate proportion and then lyophilized. The optimum stabilizer was selected according to the appearance and virus titer after being lyophilized. The quality of lyophilized product was measured by thermal stability of the virus, PCR and gene sequencing. SPSS13.0 software package was used for statistical analysis.Recombinant BMP-2 lentiviral vector was successfully constructed. 10% trehalose, 1% bovine serum albumin, 3%mannitol and 0.5% gelatin in group B showed good protection on BMP-2 gene lentiviral vector. The virus titer decreased 0.42 LgPFU/mL after being lyophilized, which was better than group A, C and the control group and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); Lyophilized protective agent made from group B still maintained a good appearance at 37 degrees centigrade after 28 days and the virus titer decreased 0.63 LgPFU/mL. The virus titer in liquid lentiviral infection control group decreased rapidly to 2.37 LgPFU/mL 1 week later and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05); PCR and gene sequencing showed that the target gene information after redissolve had no loss or mutation.Appropriate selection of lyoprotectants can effectively protect the biological stability of recombinant BMP-2 gene lentiviral vector.
Treatment of Asthma with Drugs Modifying the Leukotriene Pathway (1999)

In 1979 and 1980, the chemical structures of the material previously known as slow-reacting substance of anaphylaxis were elucidated as 5(S)- hydroxy- 6(R)-glutathionyl- 7,9-trans-11,14- cis - eico- satetraenoic acid1 and its cysteinyl-glycyl and cysteinyl congener (also known as leukotrienes C4, D4, and E4, respectively). These molecules were so named because the parent molecule was originally isolated from leukocytes, and its carbon backbone contained three double bonds in series, which constitutes a triene. This structural information provided the key to the oxidative pathway of lipid metabolism known as the 5-lipoxygenase pathway.
Companding in signal processing (1990)

The use of companding in signal processing is considered. The applications discussed include noise reduction as well as increasing selectivity in single sinusoid detection.
Activation of mTORC1 by leucine is potentiated by branched-chain amino acids and even more so by essential amino acids following resistance exercise (2016)

Protein synthesis is stimulated by resistance exercise and intake of amino acids, in particular leucine. Moreover, activation of mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling by leucine is potentiated by the presence of other essential amino acids (EAA). However, the contribution of the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) to this effect is yet unknown. Here we compare the stimulatory role of leucine, BCAA, and EAA ingestion on anabolic signaling following exercise. Accordingly, eight trained volunteers completed four sessions of resistance exercise during which they ingested either placebo, leucine, BCAA, or EAA (including the BCAA) in random order. Muscle biopsies were taken at rest, immediately after exercise, and following 90 and 180 min of recovery. Following 90 min of recovery the activity of S6 kinase 1 (S6K1) was greater than at rest in all four trials (Placebo<Leucine<BCAA<EAA; P < 0.05 time × supplement), with a ninefold increase in the EAA trial. At this same time point, phosphorylation of eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E)-binding protein 1 (4E-BP1) at Thr(37/46) was unaffected by supplementation, while that of Thr(46) alone exhibited a pattern similar to that of S6K1, being 18% higher with EAA than BCAA. However, after 180 min of recovery this difference between EAA and BCAA had disappeared, although with both these supplements the increases were still higher than with leucine (40%, P < 0.05) and placebo (100%, P < 0.05). In summary, EAA ingestion appears to stimulate translation initiation more effectively than the other supplements, although the results also suggest that this effect is primarily attributable to the BCAA.
On-Chip DC-DC Converter with Frequency Detector for Dynamic Voltage Scaling Technology (2006)

Dynamic voltage scaling is an efficient technology for the low power design in the deep submicron IC. The frequency controlled fully on chip DC-DC converter is implemented by using the variable reference voltage generator (VRVG) scheme with a supply voltage of 1.2V. The output of the converter is well regulated from 0.6V to 1.2V. Therefore, the output voltage is adaptive to the operation frequency. The maximum variation with temperature range from -40degC to -140degC is 5mV. We use a frequency detector to control the reference voltage, and there are four modes which are the high performance mode (425~316MHz at Vdd=1.2V), normal mode (315~207MHz at Vdd=1V), standby mode (206~97MHz at Vdd=0.8V) and idle mode (below 97MHz at Vdd=0.6V). The on-chip DC-DC converter is simulated by TSMC 0.13mum CMOS technology. The applications of on-chip DC-DC converter with frequency detector are widely used in the datapath of the DSP processors
Quantitation of blood and plasma amino acids using isotope dilution electron impact gas chromatography/mass spectrometry with U‐13C amino acids as internal standards (1999)

A method to quantitate blood and plasma amino acids by isotope dilution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/mS) is described. Samples were spiked with U-13C amino acids as internal standards and the tert-butyldimethylsilyl derivatives (tBDMS) separated by capillary column gas chromatography. Linear regression curves, generated for individual amino acids, gave correlation coefficients of 0.9999. The reproducibility of the method was assessed from the analysis of 10 replicate blood and plasma samples. For most amino acids a coefficient of variance (CV) of ≤1% was obtained with the exception of aspartate which gave a value of 1.8%. This was probably due to the low concentration of this amino acid in the samples analysed. Recovery of amino acids added to plasma was between 96 and 103%. The use of electron impact ionization (EI) allows the method to be used in laboratories where only the more basic GC/mS is available and reduces the time spent on instrument maintenance. The method should prove useful in areas of work where accurate and precise amino acid concentrations are required. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Methicillin-Resistant <i>Staphylococcus saprophyticus</i> Isolates Carrying Staphylococcal Cassette Chromosome <i>mec</i> Have Emerged in Urogenital Tract Infections (2008)

Staphylococcus saprophyticus is a uropathogenic bacterium that causes acute uncomplicated urinary tract infections, particularly in female outpatients. We investigated the dissemination and antimicrobial susceptibilities of 101 S. saprophyticus isolates from the genitourinary tracts of patients in Japan. Eight of these isolates were mecA positive and showed beta-lactam resistance. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis showed that only some isolates were isogenic, indicating that the mecA gene was apparently acquired independently by mecA-positive isolates through staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). Type determination of SCCmec by multiplex PCR showed a nontypeable element in the eight mecA-positive isolates. Sequence analysis of the entire SCCmec element from a prototype S. saprophyticus strain revealed that it was nontypeable with the current SCCmec classification due to the novel composition of the class A mec gene complex (IS431-mecA-mecR1-mecI genes) and the ccrA1/ccrB3 gene complex. Intriguingly, the attachment sites of SCCmec are similar to those of type I SCCmec in S. aureus NCTC 10442. Furthermore, the genes around the mec gene complex are similar to those of type II/III SCCmec in S. aureus, while those around the ccr gene complex are similar to those of SCC15305RM found in S. saprophyticus ATCC 15305. In comparison with known SCCmec elements, this S. saprophyticus SCCmec is a novel type.
Transition temperature of strong-coupled superconductors reanalyzed (1975)

A through analysis is made of the dependence of the superconducting transition temperature ${T}_{c}$ on material properties ($\ensuremath{\lambda}$, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{*}$, phonon spectrum) as contained in Eliashberg theory. The most striking new feature of the analysis is in the asymptotic regime of very large $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ where ${T}_{c}$ is found to equal $0.15 {(\ensuremath{\lambda}〈{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2}〉)}^{\frac{1}{2}}$ (assuming ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{*}=0.1$). This result implies the surprising conclusion that within Eliashberg theory ${T}_{c}$ is not limited by the phonon frequencies, and also shows that McMillan's "$\ensuremath{\lambda}=2$ limit" is spurious. The McMillan equation (with a prefactor altered from $\frac{{\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{D}}{1.45}$ to $\frac{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{log}}{1.2}$) is found to be highly accurate for all known materials with $\ensuremath{\lambda}<1.5$ but in error for large values of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$. Correction factors to McMillan's equation are found in terms of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$, ${\ensuremath{\mu}}^{*}$, and one additional parameter, $\frac{{(〈{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2}〉)}^{\frac{1}{2}}}{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{log}}$. The frequency ${\ensuremath{\omega}}_{log}$ is defined as $\mathrm{exp} 〈\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\omega}〉$ where the averages $〈\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\omega}〉$ and $〈{\ensuremath{\omega}}^{2}〉$ are defined using $(\frac{2}{\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\omega}}){\ensuremath{\alpha}}^{2}F(\ensuremath{\omega})$ as a weight factor. These conclusions are based on a combination of analytic and numerical solutions of the Eliashberg equations, and are supported by a comparison with tunneling data. Especially strong support comes from a new experimental result for amorphous ${\mathrm{Pb}}_{0.45}$${\mathrm{Bi}}_{0.55}$ reported herein. This material has parameters $\ensuremath{\lambda}=2.59$ and $\frac{{T}_{c}}{{\ensuremath{\omega}}_{log}}=0.284$, in serious disagreement with McMillan's formula but in good agreement when the correction factors are included. The McMillan-Hopfield parameter $\ensuremath{\eta}$ [or $N(0) 〈{I}^{2}〉$] is extracted from tunneling measurements or from a combination of empirical values of $\ensuremath{\lambda}$ and neutron-scattering measurements of phonon dispersion. It is proposed that $\ensuremath{\eta}$ (which is now known not to be accurately constant) is the most significant single parameter in understanding the origin of high ${T}_{c}$ and the limitation of ${T}_{c}$ by colvalent instabilities.
Cytoskeleton dynamics in axon regeneration (2018)

Recent years have seen cytoskeleton dynamics emerging as a key player in axon regeneration. The cytoskeleton, in particular microtubules and actin, ensures the growth of neuronal processes and maintains the singular, highly polarized shape of neurons. Following injury, adult central axons are tipped by a dystrophic structure, the retraction bulb, which prevents their regeneration. Abnormal cytoskeleton dynamics are responsible for the formation of this growth-incompetent structure but pharmacologically modulating cytoskeleton dynamics of injured axons can transform this structure into a growth-competent growth cone. The cytoskeleton also drives the migration of scar-forming cells after an injury. Targeting its dynamics modifies the composition of the inhibitory environment formed by scar tissue and renders it more permissive for regenerating axons. Hence, cytoskeleton dynamics represent an appealing target to promote axon regeneration. As some of cytoskeleton-targeting drugs are used in the clinics for other purposes, they hold the promise to be used as a basis for a regenerative therapy after a spinal cord injury.
Strengthening of Water Glass Based Aerogel by TEOS (2007)

In order to prevent the irreversible collapse of the silica aerogel backbone upon the drying of the liquid phase of silica wet gel derived from water glass based silicic acid, we tried to strengthen the aerogel back bone by aging silica wet gels in water and TEOS/ethanol solutions. Although aging of silica wet gels in water has been shown to grow the neck between silica particles of the aerogel backbone, it is hard to obtain a crack-free aerogel monolith. On the other hand, the mechanical stability of silica aerogels was improved significantly by aging the wet gel in TEOS/ethanol solutions with different TEOS content.