gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
First-principles study of the coverage dependence of the electronic structure of alkali-metal-metal surfaces: Na on Al(001) (1988)

Coverage ($\ensuremath{\Theta}$) dependence of the electronic structure of alkali-metal adatoms on a metal surface is studied by a first-principles method, treating both the adatom and substrate [Al(001)] as discrete atoms. The analyses of the charge redistribution, depolarization field, and adatom valence states as well as bond-order and dipole densities as a function of one-electron energy suggest that adatom polarization due to the hybridization of adatom and substrate states plays an important role for $\ensuremath{\Theta}$ dependence of the adatom-induced dipole moment.
Characterization of a humanized PD-L1 blocking antibody with pH-dependent antigen binding in a humanized syngenic tumor model. (2017)

81 Background: Checkpoint inhibition is a promising approach for cancer treatment with durable responses and survival benefits. Currently, immune-checkpoint inhibitors are delivered at maximally tolerated doses, resulting in significant toxicities and cost burden. There is significant need to develop more efficacious and safer immune checkpoint inhibitor. Towards this goal, we have developed a next-generation humanized PD-L1 antibody with pH-dependent antigen binding and evaluated its biological activities in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Hybridoma approach was employed to generate anti-PD-L1 antibodies. A cell-based receptor-ligand blocking assay was employed to identify neutralizing antibodies. Antibodies with pH-dependent antigen binding property were identified and characterized further with those without using PD-L1/PD-1 binding assay, mixed lymphocyte reaction assay, and in vivo tumor growth inhibition assay in syngeneic MC38 tumor model expressing human PD-L1 protein. Results: A panel of neutralizing antibodies blocking PD-L1/PD-L1 binding was isolated. Among them we identified antibodies with or without pH-dependent binding property. While the in vitro activities of these antibodies are similar, their tumor growth inhibition activities differ significantly. The in vivo activity of 23F11, an antibody with ph-dependent binding, is maximized at 1mg/kg in MC38/hPD-L1 model. At 1 mg/kg, 23F11 induced complete tumor regression in 7/12 of the mice treated, more potent than antibodies without pH-dependent binding. Imaging study revealed that significantly higher drug concentration in the tumor for 23F11 and correlated with extended period of target occupancy. Furthermore 23F11 treatment is correlated with sustained up-regulation of plasma mIL-18, a potential pharmacodynamics response marker. Conclusions: We have identified antibodies with pH-dependent PD-L1 binding property. These antibodies can maintain high antibody level in PD-L1 expressing tumor and have potent tumor inhibition activity at low dose. Current work will evaluate whether humanized 23F11 can be at least as efficacious as benchmark antibodies yet with improved safety profile in patients.
Public internet routing registries (IRR) evolution (2010)

Internet Routing Registries(IRR) have been around for quite some time now[1] with the sole purpose of providing the place for service providers to store their administrative, routing policy information which can be used in case of BGP malicious/misconfiguration events. Are there any useful service providers policy data stored in IRR? What current limited research has able to answer is that "Quality" of IRR databases is not known". By "Quality" we mean validity of Internet Number Resources e.g. IPv4, IPv6, AS Number registration, routing policy registration, etc by different network service providers in IRR. We have tried to answer this question by looking into the public IRR datasets of approximately last 4 years [2006--2010]. We have found out that current IRR datasets has a lot to offer than its known/practiced i.e. IRR has approximately 50k full peering available. We are investigating how many peering are in harmony with what BGP is announcing and also which is currently published in well known topology datasets like UCLA IRL[25]. As we believe that if accurate peering can be extracted from IRR than they can provide number of new links which are missing in Internet Topology datasets. It can also reduce the usage of active measurements which in itself is burden on the network. We are also designing BGP Security framework based on IRR which will more accurately perform origin AS authentication as well as inferring the complete policy(what is stored in IRR) of AS.
A constructive matching algorithm for cell generator based technology mapping (2003)

The authors present a new approach to technology mapping targeting for CMOS complex cell generators. The approach improves on current mapping techniques by introducing a constraint-driven module whose parameters are defined by the capabilities of a cell compiler. This constructive matching technique allows mapping of networks for very large cell families. The module is placed in a context which ensures that the mappings are also of high quality. Using this platform for an experiment, a study of the impact of different sized cell families is presented. The study shows that larger cell families offer a savings in the area and delay of technology mapped circuits.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The fifth dialog state tracking challenge (2016)

Dialog state tracking - the process of updating the dialog state after each interaction with the user - is a key component of most dialog systems. Following a similar scheme to the fourth dialog state tracking challenge, this edition again focused on human-human dialogs, but introduced the task of cross-lingual adaptation of trackers. The challenge received a total of 32 entries from 9 research groups. In addition, several pilot track evaluations were also proposed receiving a total of 16 entries from 4 groups. In both cases, the results show that most of the groups were able to outperform the provided baselines for each task.
La calidad en los servicios. Su medición (2006)

Al examinar el concepto de Calidad entre los directivos de empresas, es bastante frecuente encontrarse con opiniones tecnicistas, que basan la Calidad exclusivamente en las cualidades del producto, tales como "Conformidad con especificaciones", "Tasas de defectos (ppm)", etc., sin hacer consideración a factores de servicio que acompañan al producto. Por esto es que los esfuerzos de mejora de la Calidad van orientados principalmente a reducir los defectos, averías, etc. Sin embargo, cada vez en mayor medida, los clientes demandan bienes y servicio conjuntamente.
Growth and Characterization of AlN and AlGaN Epitaxial Films on AlN Single Crystal Substrates (2011)

AlN and AlGaN epitaxial films were deposited by metal organic chemical vapor deposition on single crystal AlN substrates processed from AlN boules grown by physical vapor transport. Structural, chemical, and optical characterization demonstrated the high crystalline quality of the films and interfaces.
A data protection model for fog computing (2017)

Cloud computing has established itself as an alternative IT infrastructure and service model. However, as with all logically centralized resource and service provisioning infrastructures, cloud does not handle well local issues involving a large number of networked elements (IoTs) and it is not responsive enough for many applications that require immediate attention of a local controller. Fog computing preserves many benefits of cloud computing and it is also in a good position to address these local and performance issues because its resources and specific services are virtualized and located at the edge of the customer premise. However, data security is a critical challenge in fog computing especially when fog nodes and their data move frequently in its environment. This paper addresses the data protection and the performance issues by 1) proposing a Region-Based Trust-Aware (RBTA) model for trust translation among fog nodes of regions, 2) introducing a Fog-based Privacy-aware Role Based Access Control (FPRBAC) for access control at fog nodes, and 3) developing a mobility management service to handle changes of users and fog devices' locations. The implementation results demonstrate the feasibility and the efficiency of our proposed framework.
Scanned Surface Photovoltage Detection of Defects in Silicon Wafers (1975)

A scanned surface photovoltage (SSP) method is capable of detecting a wide variety of defects in a silicon surface. This method can be used to scan a large area of the silicon surface, which is coupled by a surface channel to a small remote electrode. The resolution obtained, about 2 μm, is explained theoretically in this paper for the case of a differentiated photovoltage signal and a small (0.8 μm diameter) light beam from an optimized optical system. SSP images of a variety of defects, both naturally occurring and induced, were obtained along with images produced by other methods for comparison.
Synthesis and Polymerization of Novel Macromonomers with Fluorine Containing Poly(ethylene glycol) (2011)

Novel methyl methacrylate and styrene type macromonomers with fluorine containing poly(ethylene glycol) were prepared by reactions between 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate or p-aminostyrene and poly(ethylene glycol) with a fuoroformyl group at the end. This group was obtained by polymerization of ethylene oxide with hexafluoropropylene oxide. NMR results indicated that the obtained macromonomers had fluorine containing poly(ethylene glycol) with the methyl methacrylate or styrene type double bond at the chain end. Radical polymerizations of methyl methacrylate and styrene type macromonomers gave graft polymers with the poly(methyl methacrylate) or the polystyrene platform having fluorine containing poly(ethylene glycol) side chains, while only the styrene type macromonomer could be polymerized with butyllithium to give the graft polymer having the polystyrene backbone and fluorine containing poly(ethylene glycol) side chains.
Iterative Reconstruction of Multivariate Band-Limited Functions from Irregular Sampling Values (1992)

This paper describes a real analysis approach to the problem of complete reconstruction of a band-limited, multivariate function f from irregularly spaced sampling values $(f(x_i ))_{i \in I} $. The required sampling density of the set $X = (x_i )_{i \in I} $ depends only on the spectrum $\Omega $ of f. The proposed reconstruction methods are iterative and stable and converge for a given function f with respect to any weighted $L^p $-norm $1 \leqq p \leqq \infty $, for which f belongs to the corresponding Banach space $L_v^p (\mathbb{R}^m )$. It is also shown that any band-limited function f can be represented as a series of translates $L_{y_j } g$ (with complex coefficients) for a given integrable, band-limited function g if the Fourier transform satisfies $\hat g(t) \ne 0$ over $\Omega $ and the family $Y = (y_j )_{j \in J} $ is sufficiently dense. Moreover, the behavior of the coefficients (such as weighted p-summability) corresponds precisely to the global behavior of f (i.e., membership in the corresponding weighted $L^p $-space). The proofs are based on a careful analysis of convolution relations, spline approximation operators, and discretization operators (approximation of functions by discrete measures). In contrast to Hilbert space methods, the techniques used here yield pointwise estimates. Special cases of the algorithms presented provide a theoretical basis for methods suggested recently in the engineering literature. Numerical experiments have demonstrated the efficiency of these methods convincingly.
Unbalanced Load Estimation Algorithm Using Multiple Mechanical Measurements for Horizontal Washing Machines (2007)

In horizontal washing machines, accurate estimation of unbalanced loads, including their magnitudes and locations in washing drums, is always required to achieve quiet highspeed spinning operations. Many estimation algorithms have been developed for the purpose and their estimation accuracy needs to be evaluated in real laundry processes. Nevertheless, lack of true information on the unbalanced loads during the process against which different algorithms could compare makes the evaluation a nontrivial task: it is very hard, if it is not impossible, to directly quantify the actual unbalanced load magnitude/location while the laundry is being washed. To tackle the problem, we use multiple mechanical measurements from laser displacement sensors, accelerometers and load cells which are installed in different locations on a horizontal washing machine, to derive true unbalanced load information inside a drum. Neural networks with PCA preprocessing are employed for the estimation and experiments have been designed to train and test the neural networks. Performances of the neural network-based estimation algorithm are reported.
Sustained Nurse Home Visiting in Early Childhood: Exploring Australian Nursing Competencies (2005)

Abstract There is strong evidence that a comprehensive model of sustained nurse home visiting (SNHV) in early childhood can improve child and family outcomes for vulnerable and at-risk families. There is also evidence that nurse home visitors experience challenges in delivering SNHV. This article aims to identify the nursing competencies needed for delivering a comprehensive model of SNHV and highlight the areas where further competency development is required. Qualitative analysis compared the content and language of published registered generalist and child and family nursing competency statements for Australian nurses with the work experiences of a team of community-based nurses delivering SNHV. Development of competencies is needed in the areas of (a) enhanced knowledge of child development, social determinants of health, and broader outcomes for individuals and populations; (b) advanced skills in fine observation, anticipatory guidance, negotiating, modelling and experimentation, holistic case management, and working in interdisciplinary teams; and (c) attitudinal competency for working "with" and supporting risk taking. The current published competencies for general and child and family nurses do not encompass the different and advanced competencies required for performing SNHV. Competency development and associated nurse training and support are needed for delivery of quality SHNV services.
Taste masking of diclofenac sodium using microencapsulation (2002)

This study addresses how to mask the undesirable taste of diclofenac sodium (DS) without interfering with an adequate rate of drug release. DS microcapsules were successfully prepared using a system of ethylcellulose (EC)-toluene-petroleum ether. The system was optimized by the construction of the phase diagram and determination of the amount of EC precipitated under different solvent:non-solvent ratios to determine the most appropriate conditions for preparing good microcapsules. Microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel) and lactose were mixed with DS powder and converted into spherical cores by the wet agglomeration technique which facilitated coacervation and formation of thin and uniform microcapsule walls. Diethylphthalate (DEP) and Polyethyleneglycol 600 (PEG) in different concentrations (20 or 40% w/w) were used as plasticizers to impart better elasticity to the microcapsules. The microcapsules were evaluated for DS released against crushed commercial DS enteric coated tablet (Voltaren). The prepared microcapsules were taste evaluated by a taste panel of 10 volunteers. The results revealed that the optimum solvent:non-solvent ratio required for microcapsule formation was 1:2. Microcapsules containing PEG 20% or DEP 40% showed a faster rate of DS release compared to that obtained from other microcapsules and crushed commercial enteric coated tablets (Voltaren). The palatability and the taste of DS were significantly improved by microencapsulation. The extent of taste masking was influenced by the microcapsule core:wall ratio, the presence of additives within the core, the type and concentration of plasticizer and initial core size.
Improvement of Shoot-tip Grafting in vitro for Virus-free Citrus1 (1975)

Abstract A 30 to 50% frequency of successful grafts was obtained by using 2-week-old dark grown seedlings as rootstocks and 0.14 to 0.18 mm long shoot tips as scions. The shoot tip was inserted into an inverted-T made at the top of the decapitated rootstock epicotyl. Most scion cultivars gave satisfactory grafts on ‘Troyer’ citrange, whereas lemon, lime and citron yielded successful grafts only on ‘Rough’ lemon. The grafted plants were allowed to develop in vitro under 16 hr daily exposure to 1000 lux Grow Lux illumination and were provided with a nutrient solution containing a high concentration (7.5%) of sucrose. The best source of shoot tips was the flush from defoliated branches of field trees or glasshouse plants. It was also possible to use shoot tips from flushes arising in excised lateral buds cultured in vitro . Grafted plants were transplantable to soil 5 to 8 weeks after grafting with over 95% survival. Preliminary data indicated recovery of cultivars freed from tristeza and psorosis viruses, stubborn spiroplasma and exocortis viroid. Pathogen-free plants showed no reversion to the juvenile phase.
Comparative Receptor-Binding Properties of Heptapeptide and Octapeptide Antagonists of Angiotensin II in Rat Adrenal Glomerulosa and Uterine Smooth Muscle* (1980)

Pharmacological studies in the rat and other species using angiotensin II (Ang II) antagonists suggest that the structural requirements of Ang II antagonists differ in smooth muscle and adrenal target tissues. Specifically, heptapeptide antagonists preferentially inhibit steroidogenic responses to Ang II, while octapeptide antagonists preferentially inhibit pressor responses to Ang II. We have compared the ability of a number ofhepta- and octapeptide antagonists to inhibit [125I]iodo-Ang II receptor binding in rat uterine smooth muscle and adrenal target tissues. The purpose was to determine whether variable receptor-binding affinities in these tissues could account for the differences observed in vivo. A number of similarities was noted in the two target tissues. First, each of the octapeptide antagonists was a more potent inhibitor of Ang II binding than its corresponding 2–8 heptapeptide antagonist. Second, there was a linear relationship between the dose ratios of receptor binding in the adrenal and in smooth muscle for the group of 10 antagonists (y = 1.2x + 0.2; r = 0.99). The order of potency was similar for the majority of antagonists. The order from most to least potent was: [Sar1,Thr(Me)8] > [Sar1,Ile8] = [Sar1,Thr8] > [Sar1,Ala8] ≥ des-Asp1 [He8] > [Sar1,Ser8] > des-Asp1-[Ala8]Ang II. However, the majority of antagonists did possess lower Kds is in the adrenal than in smooth muscle. The physiological relevance of the observed binding affinities in uterine smooth muscle was confirmed by the fact that there was good correspondance between the dose ratios (Kd Ang II/Kd antagonist) of receptor binding in smooth muscle and dose ratios from rat pressor assays (r = 0.85). The correlation was equally as good when dose ratios of binding were compared to a pA2 values derived using rabbit aortic strip (r = 0.88). This suggests that relative binding affinity is a major determinant of the efficacy of octa- and heptapeptide antagonists of Ang II in smooth muscle. Thus, these studies demonstrate that differences in receptor-binding affinities do not account for the observations in vivo that heptapeptide antagonists are more active in inhibiting Ang II-stimulated steroidogenesis. We have established quite convincingly that the orders of potency of a series of octapeptide and heptapeptide analogs of Ang II in competing for specific receptors in uterine smooth muscle and adrenal glomerulosa are similar. Further, receptors in both tissues exhibit higher affinities for octapeptide analogs. Finally, inhibition of the binding of Ang II to adrenal glomerulosa is more readily achieved than is inhibition of binding to uterine smooth muscle. (Endocrinology106: 120, 1980)
Muscarinic receptor subtypes of the bladder and gastrointestinal tract (2004)

The parasympathetic nervous system is responsible for maintaining normal intestinal and bladder function, contracting the smooth muscle by releasing the neurotransmitters acetylcholine (ACh) and ATP and relaxing sphincters by releasing nitric oxide. ACh is the main transmitter released and smooth muscle contraction is mediated via a mixed M2/M3 receptor population; M3 receptors acting via phospholipase C and M2 receptors acting via inhibition of adenylate cyclase. In ileal, colonic, gastric and bladder (detrusor) smooth muscle the density of M2 receptors is far greater than the density of M3 receptors, the M2:M3 ratio being 3:1 in most species including man. Despite the predominance of M2-receptors, direct contraction of intestinal and detrusor smooth muscle is mediated via the M3-receptor subtype and only this subtype is involved in contraction in vitro. Furthermore, knocking out the M3-receptor gene can have severe consequences on intestinal and bladder responses. In some tissues however M2-receptors may mediate an indirect "re-contraction" whereby a reduction in adenylate cyclase activity reverses the relaxation induced by beta-adrenoceptor stimulation. Thus, intestinal and bladder responses to muscarinic agonists are slightly depressed in M2 receptor knockout mice. The role of receptor subtypes in disease is unclear, but an enhancement of M2 receptor mediated responses has been reported to occur in diabetes. Animal models suggest that M2 receptors may play a greater role in some situations such as in the denervated bladder and intestine. In human disease the mechanisms operating are not so clear. Detrusor sensitivity to muscarinic agonists is enhanced in the neurogenic overactive bladder, but there is controversy surrounding the role of M2 receptors and conflicting results have been reported. Thus, the main muscarinic receptor mediating contraction in normal smooth muscle is the M3 receptor, but M2 receptors are also present and possibly may have an enhanced role in disease.
Research, design and development review of the Cloud Computing Management System (CCMS) (2011)

Due to the vast scale of Cloud Computing systems, management of the numerous physical and virtual components may become unwieldy. Many software packages that have historically been installed on desktops / workstations for years are slowly but surely being converted to Cloud Computing solutions. The problems that are emerging today are only set to worsen as Cloud Computing becomes ever more pervasive. This paper synopsises previous investigatory research concerning these emerging problems. It then continues, to describe and review the structure and operation of the Cloud Computing Management System which utilizes an object mapping declarative language which in turn utilizes an object oriented system to support key operations.