gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exploiting Write Heterogeneity of Morphable MLC/SLC SSDs in Datacenters with Service-Level Objectives (2017)

Given the needs of data-intensive web services and cloud computing applications, storage centers play an important role in serving the demanded data access while jointly considering low cost, qualified performance, and good scalability. To manage peak workloads with performance requirements for read/ write latencies, overprovisioning more storage nodes is common but also increases total cost as well as power consumption. Recently, due to the growing capacity and dropping price, NAND-flash-based Solid-State Drives (SSDs) have become an attractive storage solution in datacenters. In this work, we exploit the write heterogeneity in Multi-Level-Cell (MLC) NAND flash memory to meet Service-Level Objectives (SLOs) of applications and to avoid storage overprovision. In MLC NAND flash memory, a memory cell can be programmed as a Single-Level Cell (SLC) or a multi-level cell at runtime, and SLC writes take shorter latency with the cost of larger consumed capacity. The proposed SLO-aware morphable SSD design seeks to meet the SLO requirement by deciding the write mode of each write request while minimizing the number of SLC writes. Experimental results show that the proposed design meets the SLO requirement for all of the tested I/O traces with less than 2.8 percent extra erase counts in average, while conventional MLC SSDs require up to 2.375 times storage overprovision to meet the SLO requirement.
Oxidation of sterically hindered alcohols to carbonyls with dimethyl sulfoxide-trifluoracetic anhydride (1976)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTOxidation of sterically hindered alcohols to carbonyls with dimethyl sulfoxide-trifluoracetic anhydrideS. L. Huang, K. Omura, and D. SwernCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1976, 41, 20, 3329–3331Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1976Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1976https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00882a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00882a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2073Altmetric-Citations144LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A simple and effective colorimetric technique for the detection of boronic acids and their derivatives (2012)

A rapid and facile TLC staining method is reported for the qualitative analysis of boronic acids and related boron-containing derivatives. A red colouration is observed when boron is present due to the formation of a boron–curcumin complex. The structure of the phenylboronic acid–curcumin complex was confirmed using single crystal X-ray diffraction data.
Bile Exposure Inhibits Expression of Squamous Differentiation Genes in Human Esophageal Epithelial Cells (2012)

We report for the first time that bile inhibits the squamous differentiation program of esophageal epithelial cells. This, coordinated with induction of genes driving intestinal differentiation, may be required for the development of Barrett's esophagus.
Relationship between Schistosomiasis and Bladder Cancer (1999)

Carcinoma of the urinary bladder is the most common malignancy in the Middle East and parts of Africa where schistosomiasis is a widespread problem. Much evidence supports the association between schistosomiasis and bladder cancer: this includes the geographical correlation between the two conditions, the distinctive patterns of gender and age at diagnosis, the clinicopathological identity of schistosome-associated bladder cancer, and extensive evidence in experimentally infected animals. Multiple factors have been suggested as causative agents in schistosome-associated bladder carcinogenesis. Of these, N-nitroso compounds appear to be of particular importance since they were found at high levels in the urine of patients with schistosomiasis-associated bladder cancer. Various strains of bacteria that can mediate nitrosation reactions leading to the formation of N-nitrosamines have been identified in the urine of subjects with schistosomiasis at higher intensities of infection than in normal subjects. In experimental schistosomiasis, the activities of carcinogen-metabolizing enzymes are increased soon after infection but are reduced again during the later chronic stages of the disease. Not only could this prolong the period of exposure to activated N-nitrosamines, but also inflammatory cells, stimulated as a result of the infection, may induce the endogenous synthesis of N-nitrosamines as well as generating oxygen radicals. Higher than normal levels of host cell DNA damage are therefore anticipated, and they have indeed been observed in the case of alkylation damage, together with an inefficiency in the capacity of relevant enzymes to repair this damaged DNA. In experimental schistosomiasis, it was also found that endogenous levels of host cell DNA damage were related to the intensity of infection. All of these factors could contribute to an increased risk of bladder cancer in patients with schistosomiasis, and in particular, the gene changes observed may have potential for use as biomarkers in the early detection of bladder cancer that may assist in alleviating the problem.
Recovery of jump table case statements from binary code (2003)

One of the fundamental problems with the analysis of binary (executable) code is that of recognizing, in a machine-independent way, the target addresses of n-conditional branches implemented via a jump table. Without these addresses, the decoding of the machine instructions for a given procedure is incomplete, as well as any analysis on that procedure. We present a technique for recovering jump tables and their target addresses in a machine and compiler independent way. The technique is based on slicing and expression substitution. The assembly code of a procedure that contains an indexed jump is transformed into a normal form which allows us to determine where the jump table is located and what information it contains (e.g. offsets from the table or absolute addresses). The technique has been tested on SPARC and Pentium code generated by C, C++, Fortran and Pascal compilers. Our tests show that up to 90% more of the code in a text segment can be found by using this technique.
Run-Length-Limited Variants of Duobinary and Modified Duobinary (1987)

Techniques for varying duobinary and modified duobinary, which are two of the most important partial-response codes, to limit their run lengths without destroying their minimum bandwidth property, are introduced. One of the example codes is the first run-length-limited variant of duobinary ever known, and the other two are already publicized variants of modified duobinary, but are described either in more detail or from a different point of view. Performance figures of the three codes such as power spectrum, eye width, and error probability are experimentally confirmed to be acceptable for all engineering purposes.
Scaling Down An Inductive Proximity Sensor (2005)

SUMMARY We analyze the problem of scaling down an inductive proximity sensor made of superposed multiple-turn flat coils. We linearly scale down all geometrical dimensions. Then the nominal inductance is scaled down proportionally to the scale factor. The coupling factor of the superposed coils remains constant. However for both ferromagnetic and non-ferromagnetic targets, the sensitivity remains constant when the frequency is scaled by the inverse square of the reduction factor. But the parasitic effects in the sensor coil become more important for small device dimensions. Therefore these effects are expected to set the ultimate limit in the miniaturization of the integrated inductive proximity sensors.
Molecular and cellular events in spermatogenesis (1995)

Journal Article Molecular and cellular events in spermatogenesis Get access J.Anton Grootegoed, J.Anton Grootegoed Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Willy M. Baarends, Willy M. Baarends Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter J.M. Hendriksen, Peter J.M. Hendriksen Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Jos W. Hoogerbrugge, Jos W. Hoogerbrugge Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Karin E. Slegtenhorst-Eegdeman, Karin E. Slegtenhorst-Eegdeman Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Axel P.N. Themmen Axel P.N. Themmen Department of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Erasmus UniversityRotterdam, P.O. Box 1738, 3000 DR Rotterdam, The Netherlands Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Human Reproduction, Volume 10, Issue suppl_1, 1 October 1995, Pages 10–14, https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/10.suppl_1.10 Published: 01 October 1995
Fragment Screening by Weak Affinity Chromatography: Comparison with Established Techniques for Screening against HSP90 (2013)

The increasing use of fragment-based lead discovery (FBLD) in industry as well as in academia creates a high demand for sensitive and reliable methods to detect the binding of fragments to act as starting points in drug discovery programs. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), surface plasmon resonance (SPR), and X-ray crystallography are well-established methods for fragment finding, and thermal shift and fluorescence polarization (FP) assays are used to a lesser extent. Weak affinity chromatography (WAC) was recently introduced as a new technology for fragment screening. The study presented here compares screening of 111 fragments against the ATPase domain of HSP90 by all of these methods, with isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) used to confirm the most potent hits. The study demonstrates that WAC is comparable to the established methods of ligand-based NMR and SPR as a hit-id method, with hit correlations of 88% and 83%, respectively. The stability of HSP90 WAC columns was also evaluated and found to give 90% reproducibility even after 207 days of storage. A good correlation was obtained between the various technologies, validating WAC as an effective technology for fragment screening.
Blue and near-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes on free-standing GaN substrates (2004)

Blue and near-ultraviolet (UV) InGaN/GaN multiple-quantum-well light-emitting diodes (LEDs) with peak emission at 465 nm and 405 nm, respectively, were grown on GaN and sapphire substrates. The densities of surface and bulk defects in the homoepitaxially grown LEDs were substantially reduced, leading to a decrease in reverse currents by more than six orders of magnitude. At a typical operating current of 20 mA, the internal quantum efficiency of the UV LED on GaN was twice as high compared to the UV LED on sapphire, whereas the performance of the blue LEDs was found to be comparable. This suggests that the high-density dislocations are of greater influence on the light emission of the UV LEDs due to less In-related localization effects. At high injection currents, both the blue and UV LEDs on GaN exhibited much higher output power than the LEDs on sapphire as a result of improved heat dissipation and current spreading.
Trace Factory: generating workloads for trace-driven simulation of shared-bus multiprocessors (1997)

A major concern with high-performance general-purpose workstations is to speed up the execution of commands, uniprocess applications, and multiprocess applications with coarse- to medium-grain parallelism. The authors have developed a methodology and a set of tools to generate traces for the performance evaluation of shared-bus, shared-memory multiprocessor systems. Trace Factory produces traces representing significant real workloads consisting of a flexible set of commands and uniprocess and multiprocess user applications. The authors evaluate its accuracy and show how it can be used to evaluate and compare the performance of five coherence protocols.
Reconstructing Native American Migrations from Whole-Genome and Whole-Exome Data (2013)

There is great scientific and popular interest in understanding the genetic history of populations in the Americas. We wish to understand when different regions of the continent were inhabited, where settlers came from, and how current inhabitants relate genetically to earlier populations. Recent studies unraveled parts of the genetic history of the continent using genotyping arrays and uniparental markers. The 1000 Genomes Project provides a unique opportunity for improving our understanding of population genetic history by providing over a hundred sequenced low coverage genomes and exomes from Colombian (CLM), Mexican-American (MXL), and Puerto Rican (PUR) populations. Here, we explore the genomic contributions of African, European, and especially Native American ancestry to these populations. Estimated Native American ancestry is 48% in MXL, 25% in CLM, and 13% in PUR. Native American ancestry in PUR is most closely related to populations surrounding the Orinoco River basin, confirming the Southern American ancestry of the Taíno people of the Caribbean. We present new methods to estimate the allele frequencies in the Native American fraction of the populations, and model their distribution using a demographic model for three ancestral Native American populations. These ancestral populations likely split in close succession: the most likely scenario, based on a peopling of the Americas 16 thousand years ago (kya), supports that the MXL Ancestors split 12.2kya, with a subsequent split of the ancestors to CLM and PUR 11.7kya. The model also features effective populations of 62,000 in Mexico, 8,700 in Colombia, and 1,900 in Puerto Rico. Modeling Identity-by-descent (IBD) and ancestry tract length, we show that post-contact populations also differ markedly in their effective sizes and migration patterns, with Puerto Rico showing the smallest effective size and the earlier migration from Europe. Finally, we compare IBD and ancestry assignments to find evidence for relatedness among European founders to the three populations.
Computationally Efficient Optimal Power Management for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles With Spatial Domain Dynamic Programming (2008)

The plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV), utilizing more battery power, has become a next-generation HEV with great promise of higher fuel economy. Global optimization charge-depletion power management would be desirable. This has so far been hampered due to the a priori nature of the trip information and the almost prohibitive computational cost of global optimization techniques such as dynamic programming (DP). Combined with the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS), our previous work developed a two-scale dynamic programming approach as a nearly globally optimized charge-depletion strategy for PHEV power management. Trip model is obtained via GPS, GIS, real-time and historical traffic flow data and advanced traffic flow modeling. The main drawback was the dependency of external server for obtaining the macroscale SOC profile, which makes it difficult to handle the impromptu change of driving decision. In this paper, a computationally efficient strategy is proposed based on road segmentation and lookup table methods. Simulation results have shown its great potential for real-time implementation.
Distributed community detection in delay tolerant networks (2007)

Community is an important attribute of Pocket Switched Networks (PSN), because mobile devices are carried by people who tend to belong to communities. We analysed community structure from mobility traces and used for forwarding algorithms [12], which shows significant impact of community. Here, we propose and evaluate three novel distributed community detection approaches with great potential to detect both static and temporal communities. We find that with suitable configuration of the threshold values, the distributed community detection can approximate their corresponding centralised methods up to 90% accuracy.
Shape control of filamentous motor proteins for bio-nano driving units (2007)

This paper describes a technique for controlling the shape of filamentous motor proteins for the bio-nano driving units in MEMS devices. In this experiment, we have used Actin, a protein to construct cytoskeleton. Actin monomers (G-actin) polymerize in high salt condition and form filaments (F-actin); the filaments move when they bind with the motor protein (Myosin) in ATP (adenosine tri-phosphate) solution. Fascin, a putative bundling protein, tightly bundles several F-actins together to form tight bundles of actin [1]. When G-actin and the fascin solution was confined and polymerized in the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) or parylene micro chambers, we found that the polymerized actin bundles followed the geometry of chambers, and then formed several shapes, such as circles, rods, triangles or squares. Since the bundled actins still have motility, we believe this technique is useful for forming a desired pattern of bio-molecular motors toward the actuation of MEMS/NEMS devices.
Noninvasive methods for the measurement of the transmission characteristics within the auditory system (1985)

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Inhibition by 2,5-anhydromannitol of glycolysis in isolated rat hepatocytes and in Ehrlich ascites cells. (1985)

2,5-Anhydromannitol decreases lactate formation and 3H2O formation from [5-3H]glucose in isolated rat hepatocytes metabolizing high concentrations of glucose. The inhibition of glycolysis is accompanied by a slight decrease in the cellular content of fructose-6-P and a more substantial decrease in the cellular content of fructose-1,6-P2, with no change in the content of glucose-6-P. The 3H2O release data and changes in hexosephosphate distribution indicate possible inhibitions at phosphofructokinase-1 and phosphoglucose isomerase. 2,5-Anhydromannitol also inhibits glycolysis in Ehrlich ascites cells, but the tumor cells, unlike hepatocytes, must be treated with 2,5-anhydromannitol prior to exposure to glucose to obtain the inhibition. The decrease in 3H2O formation from [5-3H]glucose and the metabolite pattern that results from the addition of low concentrations (less than or equal to 0.25 mM) of 2,5-anhydromannitol indicate an inhibition at phosphofructokinase-1 that cannot be attributed to a decrease in the cellular content of fructose-2,6-P2. Higher concentrations (greater than or equal to 0.5 mM) of 2,5-anhydromannitol cause a substantial decrease in the cellular content of ATP that is accompanied by decreases in the content of glucose-6-P and fructose-6-P and transient increases in fructose-1,6-P2. In Ehrlich ascites cells, 2,5-anhydromannitol is metabolized to 2,5-anhydromannitol mono- and bisphosphate. The inhibition of glycolysis caused by 2,5-anhydromanitol decreases with time, because the phosphorylated metabolites formed during the preliminary incubation in the absence of glucose are rapidly dephosphorylated during the incubation in the presence of glucose.
Characterization of 60 GHz shadowing by human bodies and simple phantoms (2012)

The 60 GHz band is very promising for high data rate (>;1 Gb/s) wireless systems operating at short ranges. However, due to the short wavelengths in this frequency band, the shadowing effects cuased by human bodies and furniture are severe and needs to be modeled properly. In this paper, we present an experimental, measurement-based characterization of the reflection and shadowing effects in the 60 GHz band caused by human bodies and various phantoms, in order to find simple phantoms suitable for use in human shadowing measurements. It is shown that a water-filled human phantom serves as a good choice for this purpose.
Optimum Doppler compensation scheme for DVB-H receivers (2006)

The Doppler spread in digital video broadcasting for handheld (DVB-H) terminals receivers is responsible for the inter-carrier interference (ICI). Proposed is a new scheme to estimate and compensate the ICI term with reduced hardware complexity, especially suited for mobile terminals. Simulation results compare the proposed technique with another existing method, showing similar performances, with a significant hardware reduction.
Transition Fault Simulation by Parallel Pattern Single Fault Propagation. (1986)

The primary risk factor for most musculoskeletal diseases, including osteoarthritis, osteoporosis and sarcopenia, is aging. To treat the diverse types of musculoskeletal diseases and pathologies, targeting their root cause, the aging process itself, has the potential to slow or prevent multiple age-related musculoskeletal conditions simultaneously. However, the development of approaches to delay onset of age related diseases, including musculoskeletal pathologies, has been slowed by the relatively long lifespan of rodent models of aging. Thus, to expedite the development of therapeutic approaches for age-related musculoskeletal disease, the implementation of mouse models of accelerated musculoskeletal aging are of great utility. Currently there are multiple genetically diverse mouse models that mirror certain aspects of normal human and mouse aging. Here, we provide a review of some of the most relevant murine models of accelerated aging that mimic many aspects of natural musculoskeletal aging, highlighting their relative strengths and weaknesses. Importantly, these murine models of accelerated aging recapitulate phenotypes of musculoskeletal age-related decline observed in humans.
Complexes of Sugars with Cations (1973)

Sugars and cyclitoh containing an axial-equatorial-axial (ax-eq-ax) sequence of three hydroxy groups in a six-membered ring or a cis-cis sequence in a five-membered ring form complexes with metal ions in aqueous solution. The alkaline earth metals form strong complexes; sodium and potassium form weak complexes. Complex formation will change the anomeric equilibrium of sugars like allose and gulose and the conformational equilibrium of compounds like methyl β-D-ribopyranoside and β-D-lyxopyranose. The equilibrium composition of methyl glycosides in methanol is also affected by the presence of a salt—e.g., calcium chloride.