gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compensation of axle-generator errors due to wheel slip and slide (2002)

Significant errors of train axle generators (tachometers) are due to wheel slip and slide. An algorithm is designed to compensate for these errors. The algorithm identifies the wheel slip and slide by examining the variation of the processed vehicle longitudinal acceleration. Whenever wheel slip/slide is identified, then the vehicle speed is adjusted if a certain condition is met. The adjustment is a simple linear interpolation between the two speed values recorded before and after wheel slip/slide detection. In addition, a speed and acceleration observer using a Kalman filter is implemented. Experimental results using three different axle encoders aboard a freight train are provided to illustrate the performance of the proposed algorithm.
A Very Fast Decision Tree Algorithm for Real-Time Data Mining of Imperfect Data Streams in a Distributed Wireless Sensor Network (2012)

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are a rapidly emerging technology with a great potential in many ubiquitous applications. Although these sensors can be inexpensive, they are often relatively unreliable when deployed in harsh environments characterized by a vast amount of noisy and uncertain data, such as urban traffic control, earthquake zones, and battlefields. The data gathered by distributed sensors—which serve as the eyes and ears of the system—are delivered to a decision center or a gateway sensor node that interprets situational information from the data streams. Although many other machine learning techniques have been extensively studied, real-time data mining of high-speed and nonstationary data streams represents one of the most promising WSN solutions. This paper proposes a novel stream mining algorithm with a programmable mechanism for handling missing data. Experimental results from both synthetic and real-life data show that the new model is superior to standard algorithms.
Passive Nosetip Technology (PANT) Program. Volume 17. Computer User's Manual: Erosion Shape (EROS) Computer Code (1974)

A computer program is developed to numerically model the in-depth transient response and shape history of an ablating nosetip subjected to a reentry environment. The generality of the input also allows the user to conveniently analyze the boundary layer, shape change and in-depth response of many materials in a variety of test facilities. The computer code is capable of handling nosetips of shell or plug geometries. The boundary layer and heat transfer distribution are modeled for a variety of environments including hydrometer erosion. In addition, inviscid flow and heat transfer distributions for many types of blunt bodies in hypersonic flow can be readily calculated.
Eleven‐Membered Fused‐Ring Low Band‐Gap Polymer with Enhanced Charge Carrier Mobility and Photovoltaic Performance (2014)

A multi‐ring, ladder‐type low band‐gap polymer (PIDTCPDT‐DFBT) is developed to show enhanced light harvesting, charge transport, and photovoltaic performance. It possesses excellent planarity and enhanced effective conjugation length compared to the previously reported fused‐ring polymers. In order to understand the effect of extended fused‐ring on the electronic and optical properties of this polymer, a partially fused polymer PIDTT‐T‐DFBT is also synthesized for comparison. The fully rigidified polymer provides lower reorganizational energy, resulting in one order higher hole mobility than the reference polymer. The device made from PIDTCPDT‐DFBT also shows a quite promising power conversion efficiency of 6.46%. Its short‐circuit current (14.59 mA cm −2 ) is also among the highest reported for ladder‐type polymers. These results show that extending conjugation length in fused‐ring ladder polymers is an effective way to reduce band‐gap and improve charge transport for efficient photovoltaic devices.
Aldo's Last Words (1973)

Whenthe sentries came over to talk about the verdict, we began to study our blankets.We wanted to be survivors.
Model for an Exciton Mechanism of Superconductivity (1973)

The exciton mechanism of superconductivity is discussed with respect to a particular model, a thin metal layer on a semiconductor surface. In this model, the metal electrons at the Fermi surface tunnel into the semiconductor gap where they interact with virtual excitons, producing a net attractive interaction among the electrons in direct analogy with the phonon mechanism of superconductivity. The physical requirements for successful realization of the exciton mechanism in a metal-semiconductor system are explored in detail, and the relevant parameters are described. Estimates are made for electron tunneling and band-bending effects, and an electron-exciton coupling constant is defined and estimated. Finally, an appropriately modified integral equation for the superconducting energy gap is solved numerically to yield transition temperatures both for a pure-exciton mechanism and for the exciton and phonon mechanisms acting simultaneously.
High- <sup>3</sup> He Plume Origin and Temporal-Spatial Evolution of the Siberian Flood Basalts (1995)

An olivine nephelinite from the lower part of a thick alkalic ultrabasic and mafic sequence of volcanic rocks of the northeastern part of the Siberian flood basalt province (SFBP) yielded a (40)Ar/(39)Ar plateau age of 253.3 +/- 2.6 million years, distinctly older than the main tholeiitic pulse of the SFBP at 250.0 million years. Olivine phenocrysts of this rock showed (3)He/(4)He ratios up to 12.7 times the atmospheric ratio; these values suggest a lower mantle plume origin. The neodymium and strontium isotopes, rare earth element concentration patterns, and cerium/lead ratios of the associated rocks were also consistent with their derivation from a near-chondritic, primitive plume. Geochemical data from the 250-million-year-old volcanic rocks higher up in the sequence indicate interaction of this high-(3)He SFBP plume with a suboceanic-type upper mantle beneath Siberia.
Department of law and ethics (1985)

Abstract With this issue we announce a change in the editorship of the Department of Law and Ethics. Because of the pressure of other professional responsibilities, Walter Probert and Ron Carson, under whose guidance this department was established, have asked to be relieved of this responsibility. We accept their request with regret, and acknowledge: with thanks the work that they have done. We are proud to present to the readers of Death Studies the new editors of the Department of Law and Ethics, Dr. Arthur Zucker, who is just now joining the faculty of philosophy of Ohio University, and Ms. Louise Annarino, Associate Director of the Office of Legal Affairs at Ohio University. The combined experience and expertise of these two highly accomplished individuals is ideal for the editorial leadership of this important department in Death Studies.
A New Attempt at Knowing the Population of the Kingdom (2001)

This article presents a new perspective of the French population at the end of the xviiith century, one based on unexplored archives consisting of intermediary forms of compilations established by La Michodiere and his collaborators in the mid-1780s taken from parish registers. Population vital events figures are made available for 33,030 parishes. Through the prism of the history of science, there is little doubt that these figures were scrupulously recorded and thus highly probable. Hence, understanding how previous specialists could attribute a particular meaning to figures they possessed allows present day observers to rely on the same sources, but in a different manner and focusing on new principles : (a) identifying the consistency of previous means of calculating population phenomena, (b) confronting these difficulties with present-day procedures, i.e. multivariate analysis techniques, (c) evaluating the role played by this reconsideration in questions related to contemporary demographic history. This approach drives not only towards the revision of certain previously accepted conclusions relative to the population at the end of the xviiith century, but also provides new results that thusfar had been inaccessible.
A Soluble Polymer-Supported Triflating Reagent:  A High-Throughput Synthetic Approach to Aryl and Enol Triflates (2000)

[reaction: see text] The high-yielding synthesis and application of the first example of a polymer-supported reagent for the preparation of trifluoromethanesulfonates (triflates) is described. This new reagent efficiently triflates aryl alcohols and lithium enolates in high yield (>90%). A simple precipitation and filtration to remove the excess reagent and byproduct facilitate purification of the triflate products. The PEG-supported approach is highly efficient, as the PEG-supported byproduct can be quantitatively recovered and recycled into reagent 1.
ECGNET: Learning Where to Attend for Detection of Atrial Fibrillation with Deep Visual Attention (2019)

The complexity of the patterns associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) and the high level of noise affecting these patterns have significantly limited the application of current signal processing and shallow machine learning approaches to accurately detect this condition. Deep neural networks have shown to be very powerful to learn the non-linear patterns in various problems such as computer vision tasks. While deep learning approaches have been utilized to learn complex patterns related to the presence of AF in electrocardiogram (ECG) signals, they can considerably benefit from knowing which parts of the signal is more important to focus on during learning. In this paper, we introduce a two-channel deep neural network to more accurately detect the presence of AF in the ECG signals. The first channel takes in an ECG signal and automatically learns where to attend for detection of AF. The second channel simultaneously takes in the same ECG signal to consider all features of the entire signal. Besides improving detection accuracy, this model can guide the physicians via visualization that what parts of the given ECG signal are important to attend while trying to detect atrial fibrillation. The experimental results confirm that the proposed model significantly improves the performance of AF detection on well-known MIT-BIH AF database with 5-s ECG segments (achieved a sensitivity of 99.53%, specificity of 99.26% and accuracy of 99.40%).
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS AND MESOMORPHISM OF SOME R(‐) 2‐CHLOROPROPYL (P‐ALKYLOXYBENZYLIDENE‐P′‐AMINOCINNAMATE) (1976)

Abstract Durch Kondensation von p‐Alkoxybenzaldehyden mit chiralem 2‐Chlorpropyl‐p‐aminozimtsäureester (erhältlich über den aus p‐Nitrozimtsäurechlorid und R(‐)‐2‐Chlor‐propanol darstellbaren Nitrozimtsäureester) wurden die Schiffschen Basen (I) synthetisiert (zur Darstellung des chiralen Propanols diente S(‐)‐Äthyl‐lactat als Ausgangsverbindung).
Overlay upper clothing textures to still images based on human pose estimation (2014)

The authors propose a system to enhance user's experience in virtual shopping with image processing techniques. Our proposed system allows a user to submit his or her upright photo taken by any regular camera and choose a product interactively, and then the system returns an output image, which is morphed with upper clothing textures corresponding to the human pose estimated from the given photo. Our approach is based on the result of estimating upper human pose to calculate similarity scores between pairs of image poses and our simple yet efficient method to scale a texture image of an upper clothing product to an appropriate size for morphing. From our study on various magazines and websites of fashion, we define 16 common types of human poses. We create a dataset with 390 photos taken in studios for many products in various poses which cover the 16 defined common poses to train and test our proposed virtual dressing room. Experiments with 12 volunteers to evaluate 150 result images from 50 user images in our system show that 89% of the overlaid output images of the system have good evaluation results. Our proposed system not only enhances users' experience but also helps users save time with a virtual dressing system before they decide to purchase upper clothing products.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Peptides. Part 21. Syntheses of AM‐Toxin I Analogs Containing L‐Lactic Acid or L‐2‐Hydroxy‐4‐methylpentanoic Acid Residue. (1987)

ChemInformVolume 18, Issue 9 Natural Products ChemInform Abstract: Cyclic Peptides. Part 21. Syntheses of AM-Toxin I Analogs Containing L-Lactic Acid or L-2-Hydroxy-4-methylpentanoic Acid Residue. H. MIHARA, H. MIHARA Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorK. IKESUE, K. IKESUE Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorS. LEE, S. LEE Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorH. AOYAGI, H. AOYAGI Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorT. KATO, T. KATO Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorT. UENO, T. UENO Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorN. IZUMIYA, N. IZUMIYA Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this author H. MIHARA, H. MIHARA Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorK. IKESUE, K. IKESUE Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorS. LEE, S. LEE Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorH. AOYAGI, H. AOYAGI Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorT. KATO, T. KATO Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorT. UENO, T. UENO Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this authorN. IZUMIYA, N. IZUMIYA Lab. Biochem., Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ., Fukuoka, JapanSearch for more papers by this author First published: March 3, 1987 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198709317AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume18, Issue9March 3, 1987 RelatedInformation
Characterizing Genetic Risk at Known Prostate Cancer Susceptibility Loci in African Americans (2011)

GWAS of prostate cancer have been remarkably successful in revealing common genetic variants and novel biological pathways that are linked with its etiology. A more complete understanding of inherited susceptibility to prostate cancer in the general population will come from continuing such discovery efforts and from testing known risk alleles in diverse racial and ethnic groups. In this large study of prostate cancer in African American men (3,425 prostate cancer cases and 3,290 controls), we tested 49 risk variants located in 28 genomic regions identified through GWAS in men of European and Asian descent, and we replicated associations (at p≤0.05) with roughly half of these markers. Through fine-mapping, we identified nearby markers in many regions that better define associations in African Americans. At 8q24, we found 9 variants (p≤6×10(-4)) that best capture risk of prostate cancer in African Americans, many of which are more common in men of African than European descent. The markers found to be associated with risk at each locus improved risk modeling in African Americans (per allele OR = 1.17) over the alleles reported in the original GWAS (OR = 1.08). In summary, in this detailed analysis of the prostate cancer risk loci reported from GWAS, we have validated and improved upon markers of risk in some regions that better define the association with prostate cancer in African Americans. Our findings with variants at 8q24 also reinforce the importance of this region as a major risk locus for prostate cancer in men of African ancestry.
Through-focus scanning optical microscopy (TSOM) with adaptive optics (2018)

Through-focus optical microscopy (TSOM) with nanometer-scale lateral and vertical sensitivity levels matching those of scanning electron microscopy has been demonstrated to be useful both for 3D inspections and metrology assessments. In 2014, funded by two private companies (Nextin/Samsung Electronics) and the Korea Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology (KEIT), a research team from four universities in South Korea set out to investigate core technologies for developing in-line TSOM inspection and metrology tools, with the respective teams focusing on optics implementation, defect inspection, computer simulation and high-speed metrology matching. We initially confirmed the reported validity of the TSOM operation through a computer simulation, after which we implemented the TSOM operation by throughfocus scanning of existing UV (355nm) and IR (800nm) inspection tools. These tools have an identical sampling distance of 150 nm but have different resolving distances (310 and 810 nm, respectively). We initially experienced some improvement in the defect inspection sensitivity level over TSV (through-silicon via) samples with ~ 6.6 μm diameters. However, during the experiment, we noted sensitivity and instability issues when attempting to acquire TSOM images. As TSOM 3D information is indirectly extracted by differentiating a target TSOM image from reference TSOM images, any instability or mismatch in imaging conditions can result in measurement errors. As a remedy to such a situation, we proposed the application of adaptive optics to the TSOM operation and developed a closed-loop system with a tip/tilt mirror and a Shack-Hartmann sensor on an optical bench. We were able to keep the plane position within in RMS 0.4 pixel by actively compensating for any position instability which arose during the TSOM scanning process along the optical axis. Currently, we are also developing another TSOM tool with a deformable mirror instead of a tip/tilt mirror, in which case we will not require any mechanical scanning.
Automatic detection of the wake and stage 1 sleep stages using the EEG sub-epoch approach (2013)

Studies by Rechtschaffen and Kales (R&K), rely on 30-sec epochs to score sleep stages. In this paper, we introduce a new approach based on three consecutive and non-consecutive 6-sec sub-epochs for the detection of the wake stage and stage 1 sleep. The Relative Spectral Energy Band (RSEB) is used as a feature extraction from the electroencephalographic (EEG) signal. Spectral estimation is performed using non-parametric and parametric methods. We then compared the performance of the conventional 30-sec epochs with the three consecutive and non-consecutive 6-sec epochs. The outcomes of this study showed that while the accuracy varies between subjects, the non-parametric method proved to be more effective with stage 1 sleep detection and the parametric method was more effective for wake stage detection. The non-consecutive sub-epoch method was more effective and consecutive method was least effective in non-parametric stage 1 detection. Alternatively, the 30-second epoch method was most effective for parametric wake stage detection.
Patterned Growth of Boron Nitride Nanotubes by Catalytic Chemical Vapor Deposition (2010)

For the first time, patterned growth of boron nitride nanotubes is achieved by catalytic chemical vapor deposition (CCVD) at 1200 °C using MgO, Ni, or Fe as the catalysts, and an Al2O3 diffusion barrier as underlayer. The as-grown BNNTs are clean, vertically aligned, and have high crystallinity. Near band-edge absorption ∼6.0 eV is detected, without significant sub-band absorption centers. Electronic transport measurement confirms that these BNNTs are perfect insulators, applicable for future deep-UV photoelectronic devices and high-power electronics.
Self-mixing in a diode laser as a method for cardiovascular diagnostics (2003)

Our aim is the development of a simple optical method for pulse wave profile, pulse wave delay time, and blood flow measurement. The method is based on recording the Doppler frequency shift related to a moving target--blood vessel walls or small particles. The Doppler signal is detected using the self-mixing that occurs in the diode laser cavity when radiation scatters back from the moving target into the laser and interferes with the field inside. Two different ways can be simultaneously used for the self-mixing signal extraction: a photodiode accommodated in the rear facet of the diode laser package and a resistor from the laser pump current. An experimental device with a pigtail laser diode is developed that is able to detect the pulsation of major arteries with potentially useful information, including the pulse wave profile and the pulse wave delay time. The pulse wave delay time in different regions of the human body is measured relative to the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal. Also the flow velocity of a liquid suspension containing particles the size of erythrocytes (equivalent to blood flow) is measured. Registered signals are stored after digitalization and preprocessed using LabView for a Windows environment. The described device has the application of the self-mixing method and highlights significant advantages of simplicity, compactness, and robustness as well as the self-aligning and self-detecting abilities of such method, compared with the use of conventional interferometric method.
Solid state intracavity laser absorption spectroscopy spectro temporal transient behavior of a Ti:Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> laser (1994)

No abstract available
Effects of deep sedation or general anesthesia on cardiac function in mice undergoing cardiovascular magnetic resonance (2009)

In mice with normal cardiac function, CMR during deep sedation causes significantly less depression of heart rate and ejection fraction than imaging during general anesthesia with isoflurane. In mice with heart failure, the sedation/anesthesia regimen had no clear impact on cardiac function. Deep sedation and general anesthesia produced CMR with comparable image quality and quantitative accuracy.
Delivery Room Management of the Apparently Vigorous Meconium-stained Neonate: Results of the Multicenter, International Collaborative Trial (2000)

Compared with expectant management, intubation and suctioning of the apparently vigorous meconium-stained infant does not result in a decreased incidence of MAS or other respiratory disorders. Complications of intubation are infrequent and short-lived.
Achievable performance of digital watermarking systems (2003)

A variety of digital watermarking applications have emerged recently that require the design of systems for embedding one signal (the "embedded signal" or "watermark") within another signal (the "host signal"). We develop a framework for analyzing achievable performance trade-offs of these systems among robustness, distortion, and embedding rate. We also describe a recently introduced class of embedding methods, quantization index modulation (QIM), in which an ensemble of quantizers is constructed and information is embedded by quantizing the host signal with a quantizer associated with the watermark. We introduce an implementation of such a method called spread-transform dither modulation where the embedded information modulates the dither signal of a dithered quantizer, which quantizes projections of the host signal onto a spreading vector. We show that QIM systems have considerable performance advantages over previously proposed spread-spectrum and low-bit modulation systems.