gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modeling and simulation of a mattress production line using promodel (2013)

Understanding the current manufacturing setup and accurately predicting the performance of a system over time makes modeling and simulation an ideal tool for systems' planning. This case study aims mainly at exploring the application of modeling and simulation (M&S) in order to evaluate and provide performance results that could help measure the capacity and the capability of an existing mattress production line, and to further investigate whether the production line could cope with the firm's expansion plan over the next five years. The simulation model was built and analyzed using the ProModel discrete-event simulation software. The analysis found that the current production setup could not cope with the demand over the next five years. Therefore, potential improvements within the production line were identified and implemented in an improved scenario model. The results indicated that the new system was able to meet the new demand and cope with the proposed expansion plan.
Effects of electrolyte, catalyst, and membrane composition and operating conditions on the performance of solar-driven electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide (2015)

Solar-driven electrochemical cells can be used to convert carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight into transportation fuels or into precursors to such fuels. The voltage efficiency of such devices depends on the (i) physical properties of its components (catalysts, electrolyte, and membrane); (ii) operating conditions (carbon dioxide flowrate and pressure, current density); and (iii) physical dimensions of the cell. The sources of energy loss in a carbon dioxide reduction (CO2R) cell are the anode and cathode overpotentials, the difference in pH between the anode and cathode, the difference in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide between the bulk electrolyte and the cathode, the ohmic loss across the electrolyte and the diffusional resistances across the boundary layers near the electrodes. In this study, we analyze the effects of these losses and propose optimal device configurations for the efficient operation of a CO2R electrochemical cell operating at a current density of 10 mA cm(-2). Cell operation at near-neutral bulk pH offers not only lower polarization losses but also better selectivity to CO2R versus hydrogen evolution. Addition of supporting electrolyte to increase its conductivity has a negative impact on cell performance because it reduces the electric field and the solubility of CO2. Addition of a pH buffer reduces the polarization losses but may affect catalyst selectivity. The carbon dioxide flowrate and partial pressure can have severe effects on the cell efficiency if the carbon dioxide supply rate falls below the consumption rate. The overall potential losses can be reduced by use of an anion, rather than a cation, exchange membrane. We also show that the maximum polarization losses occur for the electrochemical synthesis of CO and that such losses are lower for the synthesis of products requiring a larger number of electrons per molecule, assuming a fixed current density. We also find that the reported electrocatalytic activity of copper below -1 V vs. RHE is strongly influenced by excessive polarization of the cathode and, hence, does not represent its true activity at bulk conditions. This article provides useful guidelines for minimizing polarization losses in solar-driven CO2R electrochemical cells and a method for predicting polarization losses and obtaining kinetic overpotentials from measured partial current densities.
Experimental verification of a portal dose prediction model (2005)

Electronic portal imaging devices (EPIDs) can be used to measure a two-dimensional (2D) dose distribution behind a patient, thus allowing dosimetric treatment verification. For this purpose we experimentally assessed the accuracy of a 2D portal dose prediction model based on pencil beam scatter kernels. A straightforward derivation of these pencil beam scatter kernels for portal dose prediction models is presented based on phantom measurements. The model is able to predict the 2D portal dose image (PDI) behind a patient, based on a PDI without the patient in the beam in combination with the radiological thickness of the patient, which requires in addition a PDI with the patient in the beam. To assess the accuracy of portal dose and radiological thickness values obtained with our model, various types of homogeneous as well as inhomogeneous phantoms were irradiated with a 6 MV photon beam. With our model we are able to predict a PDI with an accuracy better than 2% (mean difference) if the radiological thickness of the object in the beam is symmetrically situated around the isocenter. For other situations deviations up to 3% are observed for a homogeneous phantom with a radiological thickness of 17 cm and a 9 cm shift of the midplane-to-detector distance. The model can extract the radiological thickness within 7 mm (maximum difference) of the actual radiological thickness if the object is symmetrically distributed around the isocenter plane. This difference in radiological thickness is related to a primary portal dose difference of 3%. It can be concluded that our model can be used as an easy and accurate tool for the 2D verification of patient treatments by comparing predicted and measured PDIs. The model is also able to extract the primary portal dose with a high accuracy, which can be used as the input for a 3D dose reconstruction method based on back-projection.
Etching characteristics of Ta using BCl/sub 3//Cl/sub 2//Ar inductively coupled plasma (2004)

Etching characteristics of 500nm thick Ta was investigated using inductively coupled BCl/sub 3//Cl/sub 2//Ar plasma. A positive photoresist (PR) with a thickness of 1.2/spl mu/m on Ta films were patterned using conventional photolithography. Etch rate and profiles were measured by a field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). XPS was used to investigate the chemical state of the etched surface for various gas mixing ratios.
The Legacy of Human Rights Violations in the Southern Cone: Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay (2001)

Introduction Repression and the Discourse of Human Rights Violations in the Southern Cone Shaping the Public Sphere and the Legacy of Human Right Violations National Reconciliation and the Disruptive Potential of the Legacy of Human Rights Violations Restructuring the Realm of Human Rights in the Southern Cone The Multiple Refraction of the Various Institutional Paths Memory and Oblivion in the Redemocratized Southern Cone The Transformation of Collective Identities in Argentina, Chile, and Uruguay Conclusions
Comparative Study of Search Strategies for the Direct Binary Search Image Halftoning Algorithm (2006)

We propose strategies for reducing the operations required by a high-quality halftoning algorithm, Direct Binary Search (DBS) and compare the errors in the resulting halftones from the proposed methods, standard DBS, dithering, and error diffusion.
Ataxia—ocular motor aprilaxia: A syndrome mimicking ataxia‐telangiectasia (1988)

We report 14 patients with a slowly progressive syndrome featuring ataxia, choreoathetosis, and ocular motor apraxia in both the horizontal and vertical planes. Although the neurological signs were indistinguishable from those of ataxia-telangiectasia, the onset tended to be later and none of the patients had evidence of multisystemic involvement. Specifically, there was no tendency to frequent infections, and immunoglobulins, alpha-fetoprotein, T- and B-lymphocyte markers, and chromosomes 7 and 14 were normal in all tested patients. The simultaneous absence of telangiectasias and of other nonneurological manifestations made ataxia-telangiectasia an unlikely diagnosis. We suggest that these patients suffer from an unusual type of spinocerebellar degeneration. This syndrome has been observed in different populations from three continents, with a genetic pattern suggesting recessive autosomal inheritance.
Serum soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and interleukin 8 levels in familial Mediterranean fever. (1999)

Increased levels of sICAM-1 and IL-8 in FMF suggest that neutrophils are active with increased adhesion in FMF. Since increased levels of sICAM-1 are also observed during remission, subclinical disease activity and inflammation seem to be present in some patients.
<scp>B</scp> aha'i Faith and Families (2016)

Abstract The Baha'i Faith community is a global religious community, with Baha'is residing in 116,000 different localities in 188 countries and 45 dependent territories. The faith is reported in the Encyclopaedia Britannica as the second most globally widespread independent religion in the world. Members of Baha'i families share a commitment to the equality of men and women, preservation of the institution of marriage as a physical and spiritual union of a man and a woman, and the spiritual and moral education of all children. Parental consent is needed before marriage but this is not the same as arranged marriage. Consultation in all matters is regarded as the highest form of communication, children are to respect their parents, and abuse of any form is expressly condemned. Divorce is allowed but strongly discouraged, and a year of waiting is required before divorce becomes final.
Risk factors associated with outcomes of peritoneal dialysis in Taiwan (2019)

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one option for renal replacement therapy in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Maintenance of the PD catheter is an important issue for patient outcomes and quality of life. The aim of this retrospective cohort study is to clarify the risk factors of technique failure and outcomes at a single institute in Taiwan.The study enrolled ESRD patients who had received PD catheters in a tertiary hospital in northern Taiwan. Using a competing risks regression model, we reviewed clinical data and analyzed them in terms of the time to technical failure and clinical outcomes, including PD-related peritonitis and mortality.A total of 514 patients receiving PD between 2001 and 2013 were enrolled in the study. According to the multivariate analysis model, we found that diabetes mellitus was a risk factor for PD-related peritonitis (subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR] 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06-2.04, P = .021). Female gender and higher serum albumin levels were associated with lower risks of technique failure (SHR 0.67, 95% CI 0.48-0.94, P = .02; SHR 0.75, 95% CI 0.58-0.96, P = .023, respectively), but Gram-negative and polymicrobial infection increased the technique failure rate (SHR 1.68, 95% CI 1.08-2.61, P = .021; SHR 1.93, 95% CI 1.11-3.36, P = .02, respectively). Female gender was a risk factor associated with overall mortality (SHR 6.4, 95% CI 1.42-28.81, P = .016). Higher weekly urea clearance (Kt/V) and weekly creatinine clearance (WCCr) were associated with a lower risk of mortality (SHR 0.1, 95% CI 0.01-0.89, P = .04; SHR 0.97, 95% CI 0.96-0.99, P = .004, respectively).Diabetes mellitus is a risk factor contributing to PD-related peritonitis. Male patients and lower serum albumin levels were associated with higher rates of technique failure. Female gender, lower Kt/V, and WCCr are risk factors for overall mortality in PD patients.
Developments in the aluminum metal matrix composites reinforced by micro/nano particles – A review (2019)

‘The micro/nano reinforced particle’ aluminum metal matrix composites (Al-MMCs) are widely used in manufacturing sector due to light-weight, superior strength-to-weight ratio, better fracture toughness, improved fatigue, and tensile property, enhanced corrosion resistance to harsh environment, etc. This article provides an overview of the manufacturing processes and different reinforcing elements used during the synthesis of Al-MMCs. Generally, the reinforced particles like carbides, nitrides, and compounds of oxides are used. Different organic, inorganic, industrial and agricultural waste which can be used for reinforcement in the aluminum matrix is highlighted with their feasible applications. The common mechanical properties (i.e. hardness, tensile and compressive strength, etc.) reported by different researchers are thoroughly discussed with the aim to highlight the amount of reinforcement and improvement occurred during processing. The formation and methodology for mixing condition and sintering behaviour of Al-MMCs are discussed to impart knowledge about the processing circumstances in powder metallurgical route. The affecting conditions during operating and responsible factor for the tribological behaviour are deliberated in a precise manner to recognize the potentiality of reinforcing particles in Al-MMCs. Finally, the different shortcomings and future prospects of the Al-MMCs are given to encourage the future research directions.
Detection and quantitation in plasma and synovial fluid of a fragment of human C4 with alpha mobility generated during the activation of the complement system. (1975)

A newly identified fragment of human C4 was detected, using a particular antiserum, in human serum after activation by heat-aggregated immunoglobulins, but not after activation of the complement alternative pathway. This fragment was shown to have a sedimentation velocity of approximately 2.5S, to be heat stable, and to exhibit alpha mobility in immunoelectrophoresis. This C4alpha mobility fragment was not generated in human C4 deficient serum but was generated in human C2 deficient serum after incubation with heat-aggregated immunoglobulin. After precipitation of native C4 and its higher molecular weight fragments from serum by polyethylene glycol, it was possible to quantitate the lower molecular weight C4 alpha mobility fragment by radial immunodiffusion. In kinetic experiments, it was shown that the C4alpha mobility fragment was generated after some delay when compared to the disappearance of C4 hemolytic activity. Quantitation of the C4alpha mobility fragment may be of further use in human diseases for the evaluation of the catabolism of C4: joint fluids of patients suffering from rheumatoid arthritis contained high levels of the C4alpha mobility fragment, and low concentrations were found in patients with degenerative joint disease.
Tuning the Optical Properties of Perovskite Nanoplatelets through Composition and Thickness by Ligand‐Assisted Exfoliation (2016)

High-quality hybrid halide perovskite nanocrystals are fabricated through a simple, versatile, and efficient two-step process involving a dry step followed by a ligand-assisted liquid-phase exfoliation step. The emission wavelength of the resulting nanocrystals can be tuned either through composition by varying the halide content or by reducing their thickness.
Self-masking controlled by metallic seed layer during glass dry-etching for optically scattering surfaces (2010)

During reactive ion etching in a high density Ar/CF4 plasma, nonvolatile halogen compounds are generated on the glass surface and act as statistically distributed micromasks. As a consequence surface roughness occurs, which can be used as additional surface functionality in certain classes of applications, where defined optical scattering is desired. The glass etch process described in this contribution enables user-defined scattering characteristics. The deposition of a thin metallic layer of Cu on top of the samples before dry-etching provides an additional seed for the production of micromasks, resulting in higher reproducibility. By varying the etch parameters a multitude of different surface morphologies can be realized both on borosilicate glasses and on fused silica.
The Met oncogene and basal-like breast cancer: another culprit to watch out for? (2010)

Recent findings suggest the involvement of the MET oncogene, encoding the tyrosine kinase receptor for hepatocyte growth factor, in the onset and progression of basal-like breast carcinoma. The expression profiles of basal-like tumors - but not those of other breast cancer subtypes - are enriched for gene sets that are coordinately over-represented in transcriptional signatures regulated by Met. Consistently, tissue microarray analyses have revealed that Met immunoreactivity is much higher in basal-like cases of human breast cancer than in other tumor types. Finally, mouse models expressing mutationally activated forms of Met develop a high incidence of mammary tumors, some of which exhibit basal characteristics. The present review summarizes current knowledge on the role and activity of Met in basal-like breast cancer, with a special emphasis on the correlation between this tumor subtype and the cellular hierarchy of the normal mammary gland.
Reduced-Complexity Deterministic Annealing for Vector Quantizer Design (2005)

This paper presents a reduced-complexity deterministic annealing (DA) approach for vector quantizer (VQ) design by using soft information processing with simplified assignment measures. Low-complexity distributions are designed to mimic the Gibbs distribution, where the latter is the optimal distribution used in the standard DA method. These low-complexity distributions are simple enough to facilitate fast computation, but at the same time they can closely approximate the Gibbs distribution to result in near-optimal performance. We have also derived the theoretical performance loss at a given system entropy due to using the simple soft measures instead of the optimal Gibbs measure. We use thederived result to obtain optimal annealing schedules for the simple soft measures that approximate the annealing schedule for the optimal Gibbs distribution. The proposed reduced-complexity DA algorithms have significantly improved the quality of the final codebooks compared to the generalized Lloyd algorithm and standard stochastic relaxation techniques, both with and without the pairwise nearest neighbor (PNN) codebook initialization. The proposed algorithms are able to evade the local minima and the results show that they are not sensitive to the choice of the initial codebook. Compared to the standard DA approach, the reduced-complexity DA algorithms can operate over 100 times faster with negligible performance difference. For example, for the design of a 16-dimensional vector quantizer having a rate of 0.4375 bit/sample for Gaussian source, the standard DA algorithm achieved 3.60 dB performance in 16 483 CPU seconds, whereas the reduced-complexity DA algorithm achieved the same performance in 136 CPU seconds. Other than VQ design, the DA techniques are applicable to problems such as classification, clustering, and resource allocation.
Interactions between the intestinal microbiota and innate lymphoid cells (2013)

The mammalian intestine must manage to contain 100 trillion intestinal bacteria without inducing inappropriate immune responses to these microorganisms. The effects of the immune system on intestinal microorganisms are numerous and well-characterized, and recent research has determined that the microbiota influences the intestinal immune system as well. In this review, we first discuss the intestinal immune system and its role in containing and maintaining tolerance to commensal organisms. We next introduce a category of immune cells, the innate lymphoid cells, and describe their classification and function in intestinal immunology. Finally, we discuss the effects of the intestinal microbiota on innate lymphoid cells.
Effects of functional oils and monensin on cattle finishing programs (2013)

The use of functional oils (FO; Essential) and ionophores on cattle feedlot performance, carcass characteristics, and economic analysis was evaluated. Angus and Angus crossbred steers were assigned to 5 treatments: control (CON); monensin (MON); monensin + FO low dosage (MON+FL); FO low dosage (FL); and FO high dosage (FH; n = 48/treatment; 6/rep). Daily DMI was not affected (P > 0.05) by FO, and MON improved ADG and G:F when compared with FL and FH (P < 0.05). Dressing percentage for the FH treatment was larger than for MON and FL (P < 0.05). Longissimus muscle area of FH cattle was the largest of all treatments and differed from that of MON (P < 0.05). Backfat thickness was not different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Cattle on the MON+FL treatment yielded the best cutability and differed from MON (P < 0.05). Quality grade was not different (P > 0.05) among treatments. Diets with FO increased the percentage of Choice and Prime carcasses, and FH yielded the largest percentage of Prime grade carcasses, differing from CON and MON+FL (P < 0.05) but not from MON and FL (P > 0.05). Sensory panel evaluations were unaffected by treatments (P > 0.05). Using actual costs and prices, profitability was numerically highest for MON+FL. In annual and seasonal price scenarios, profitability favored FH. Carcass price provided the greatest effect on profitability. Thus, the use of FO may provide a viable alternative to ionophores in feedlot cattle.
Measuring cell adhesion forces of primary gastrulating cells from zebrafish using atomic force microscopy (2005)

During vertebrate gastrulation, progenitor cells of different germ layers acquire specific adhesive properties that contribute to germ layer formation and separation. Wnt signals have been suggested to function in this process by modulating the different levels of adhesion between the germ layers, however, direct evidence for this is still lacking. Here we show that Wnt11, a key signal regulating gastrulation movements, is needed for the adhesion of zebrafish mesendodermal progenitor cells to fibronectin, an abundant extracellular matrix component during gastrulation. To measure this effect, we developed an assay to quantify the adhesion of single zebrafish primary mesendodermal progenitors using atomic-force microscopy (AFM). We observed significant differences in detachment force and work between cultured mesendodermal progenitors from wild-type embryos and from slb/wnt11 mutant embryos, which carry a loss-of-function mutation in the wnt11 gene, when tested on fibronectin-coated substrates. These differences were probably due to reduced adhesion to the fibronectin substrate as neither the overall cell morphology nor the cell elasticity grossly differed between wild-type and mutant cells. Furthermore, in the presence of inhibitors of fibronectin-integrin binding, such as RGD peptides, the adhesion force and work were strongly decreased, indicating that integrins are involved in the binding of mesendodermal progenitors in our assay. These findings demonstrate that AFM can be used to quantitatively determine the substrate-adhesion of cultured primary gastrulating cells and provide insight into the role of Wnt11 signalling in modulating cell adhesion at the single cell scale.
Effects of Exercise on Lipoprotein Particles in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (2009)

In this trial, moderate-intensity exercise without significant weight loss improved several components of the lipoprotein profiles of women with PCOS. These findings support the beneficial role of moderate exercise in this high-risk population.