gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A generalized approach to modeling the hierarchical location-allocation problem (1991)

The hierarchical location-allocation problem is generalized in four respects: different hierarchical relationships are allowed to be simultaneously present; capacity constraints are placed on service types and service groups; a flexible (fixed and variable) cost structure is used; and interservice referrals are permitted. These four generalizations are captured in a mixed-integer linear programming model which is shown to subsume less general formulations documented in the literature. A comprehensive example is included to demonstrate the model's capabilities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Study of the Resistance of SAMs on Aluminium to Acidic and Basic Solutions Using Dynamic Contact Angle Measurement (2006)

We report the development of a method to determine the aqueous stability of self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) using the Wilhelmy plate dynamic contact angle (DCA) experiment. The DCA is measured in solutions over a range of pH values for alkyl carboxylic and alkyl phosphonic acid SAMs formed on magnetron-sputtered aluminum. The change in DCA on repeated immersion is used as a measure of the degradation of the SAMs by hydrolytic attack. The short and intermediate chain length alkyl acids are not stable in water of neutral pH, whereas molecules with the longest alkyl chains show considerably greater stability in neutral and both high and low pH solutions. The packing density inferred from the DCA and the contact angle hysteresis suggests the C18CO2H monolayer to be slightly less well packed than that of the C18P(=O)(OH)2; this is consistent with related friction force microscopy and infrared reflection absorption spectroscopy findings published elsewhere (Foster, T. T.; Alexander, M. R.; Leggett, G. J.; McAlpine, E. Langmuir 2006, 22, 9254-9259). The resistance of the SAMs to acid and alkaline environments is discussed in the context of aluminum oxide solubility, SAM packing density, and the resistance of the interfacial phosphate and carboxylate functionalities to different aqueous conditions.
Use of the RSAES-OAEP Key Transport Algorithm in Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS) (2003)

This document describes the conventions for using the RSAES-OAEP key transport algorithm with the Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS). The CMS specifies the enveloped-data content type, which consists of an encrypted content and encrypted content-encryption keys for one or more recipients. The RSAES-OAEP key transport algorithm can be used to encrypt content-encryption keys for intended recipients.
Calibration of micron-size thermocouples for measurements of surface temperature (1993)

Imbedded thin-film thermocouples can be used for the measurement of transient surface temperatures with high spatial resolution and sensitivity. To minimize environmental effects it is desirable to have close proximity between the reference junction and the sensor junction. In this article, we present and compare two calibration techniques for such thermocouples. The first technique is a steady-state technique and uses a focused laser beam with a diameter of 3 μm as a point heat source. This technique consists of two steps. The first step is an absolute, but spatially averaged temperature measurement with a resistive temperature sensor. In the second step, the uncalibrated thermocouple junction is translated to resolve the spatial temperature profile generated by the laser spot. Both measurements are then combined to provide an absolute calibration which is independent of the thermal properties of the imbedding material and of the absorbed laser power. We used a simple sensor design which consists of a Ni resistive stripe, and the thermocouple junctions it forms with Ta/Au/Ta electrical leads. The second calibration technique is based on a dynamic measurement. To implement this technique we fabricated a small electrical heating element close to one of the junctions. With the dynamic calibration, the time-resolved response of the thermocouple to a short heat pulse is recorded. A least-squares fit of a simple model of heat diffusion to the measured response yields both the temperature calibration of the thermocouple and the heat diffusivity of the imbedding medium. The temperature calibration of the thermocouple obtained with the dynamic technique is in good agreement with the steady-state calibration.
Ultra-high-Q microcavity operation in H2O and D2O (2005)

Optical microcavities provide a possible method for boosting the detection sensitivity of biomolecules. Silica-based microcavities are important because they are readily functionalized, which enables unlabeled detection. While silica resonators have been characterized in air, nearly all molecular detections are performed in solution. Therefore, it is important to determine their performance limits in an aqueous environment. In this letter, planar microtoroid resonators are used to measure the relationship between quality factor and toroid diameter at wavelengths ranging from visible to near-IR in both H2O and D2O, and results are then compared to predictions of a numerical model. Quality factors (Q) in excess of 108, a factor of 100 higher than previous measurements in an aqueous environment, are observed in both H2O and D2O.
New Preparation Method of Gold Nanoparticles on SiO<sub>2</sub> (2006)

It is shown that adsorption of the [Au(en)(2)](3+) cationic complex can be successfully employed for the deposition of gold nanoparticles (1.5 to 3 nm) onto SiO(2) with high metal loading, good dispersion, and small Au particle size. When the solution pH increases (from 3.8 to 10.5), the Au loading in the Au/SiO(2) samples increases proportionally (from 0.2 to 5.5 wt %), and the average gold particle size also increases (from 1.5 to 2.4 nm). These effects are explained by the increase in the amount of negatively charged sites present on the SiO(2) surface, namely, when the solution pH increases, a higher number of [Au(en)(2)](3+) species can be adsorbed. Extending the adsorption time from 2 to 16 h gives rise to an increase in the gold loading from 3.3 to 4.0 wt % and in the average particle size from 1.8 to 2.9 nm. Different morphologies of gold nanoparticles are present as a function of the particle size. Particles with a size of 3-5 nm show defective structure, some of them having a multiple twinning particle (MTP) structure. At the same time, nanoparticles with an average size of ca. 2 nm exhibit defect-free structure with well-distinguishable {111} family planes. TEM and HAADF observations revealed that Au particles do not agglomerate on the SiO(2) support: gold is present on the surface of SiO(2) only as small particles. Density functional theory calculations were employed to study the mechanisms of [Au(en)(2)](3+) adsorption, where neutral and negatively charged silica surfaces were simulated by neutral cluster Si(4)O(10)H(4) and negatively charged cluster Si(4)O(10)H(3), respectively. The calculation results are totally consistent with the suggestion that the deposition of gold takes place according to a cationic adsorption mechanism.
Relationship between morphoelectrotonic properties of motoneuron dendrites and their trajectory (2004)

The distribution and geometry of the dendritic trees of spinal motoneurons obey several well-established rules. Some of these rules are based on systematic relationships between quantitative geometrical features (e.g., total dendritic length) and the three-dimensional trajectory followed by dendrites from their origin to their termination. Because dendritic geometry partially determines the transmission of current and voltage signals generated by synapses on the dendritic tree, our goal was to compare the efficacy of signal transmission by dendritic trajectories that followed different directions. To achieve this goal, we constructed detailed compartmental models of the dendritic trees of three intracellularly stained biventer cervicis/complexus (BCCM) motoneurons and calculated the electronic properties of 361 dendritic paths. Each trajectory was classified according to its orientation, e.g., rostral, rostral-dorsal-lateral. The attenuation of current and voltage signals en route to the soma was strongly related to trajectory orientation. Trajectories with similar attenuation factors formed functional subunits that were arranged in distinct domains within the ventral horn. Changes in R(m) or R(i) had little effect on which trajectories belonged to each functional subunit. However, differences in the efficacy of signal transmission between subunits increased during high network activity (mimicked by decreases in R(m)). The most efficient subunit delivered two times more current and four times more voltage to the soma than the least efficient subunit. These results indicate that the input-output properties of motoneurons depend on the direction of the path taken by dendrites from their origin at the cell body to their terminals.
Site-Specific Cancer Incidence and Mortality after Cerebral Angiography with Radioactive Thorotrast (2003)

Few opportunities exist to evaluate the carcinogenic effects of long-term internal exposure to alpha-particle-emitting radionuclides. Patients injected with Thorotrast (thorium-232) during radiographic procedures, beginning in the 1930s, provide one such valuable opportunity. We evaluated site-specific cancer incidence and mortality among an international cohort of 3,042 patients injected during cerebral angiography with either Thorotrast (n = 1,650) or a nonradioactive agent (n = 1,392) and who survived 2 or more years. Standardized incidence ratios (SIR) for Thorotrast and comparison patients (Denmark and Sweden) were estimated and relative risks (RR), adjusted for population, age and sex, were generated with multivariate statistical modeling. For U.S. patients, comparable procedures were used to estimate standardized mortality ratios (SMR) and RR, representing the first evaluation of long-term, site-specific cancer mortality in this group. Compared with nonexposed patients, significantly increased risks in Thorotrast patients were observed for all incident cancers combined (RR = 3.4, 95% CI 2.9-4.1, n = 480, Denmark and Sweden) and for cancer mortality (RR = 4.0, 95% CI 2.5-6.7, n = 114, U.S.). Approximately 335 incident cancers were above expectation, with large excesses seen for cancers of the liver, bile ducts and gallbladder (55% or 185 excess cancers) and leukemias other than CLL (8% or 26 excess cancers). The RR of all incident cancers increased with time since angiography (P < 0.001) and was threefold at 40 or more years; significant excesses (SIR = 4.0) persisted for 50 years. Increasing cumulative dose of radiation was associated with an increasing risk of all incident cancers taken together and with cancers of the liver, gallbladder, and peritoneum and other digestive sites; similar findings were observed for U.S. cancer mortality. A marginally significant dose response was observed for the incidence of pancreas cancer (P = 0.05) but not for lung cancer. Our study confirms the relationship between Thorotrast and increased cancer incidence at sites of Thorotrast deposition and suggests a possible association with pancreas cancer. After injection with >20 ml Thorotrast, the cumulative excess risk of cancer incidence remained elevated for up to 50 years and approached 97%. Caution is needed in interpreting the excess risks observed for site-specific cancers, however, because of the potential bias associated with the selection of cohort participants, noncomparability with respect to the internal or external comparison groups, and confounding by indication. Nonetheless, the substantial risks associated with liver cancer and leukemia indicate that unique and prolonged exposure to alpha-particle-emitting Thorotrast increased carcinogenic risks.
The application of micro reactors to synthetic chemistry (2001)

A feature article describing the fundamental characteristics and emerging applications of micro technology in the field of synthetic chemistry.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of a Novel Azapeptide. Renin Inhibitor. (1992)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Microwave electromagnetic and absorption properties of Nd2Fe14B∕α-Fe nanocomposites in the 0.5–18 and 26.5–40GHz ranges (2007)

Nd 2 Fe 14 B ∕ α - Fe nanocomposites were prepared using a melt-spinning method, subsequent annealing treatment, and ball milling. The complex permittivity and permeability of the composites were measured in the 0.5–18 and 26.5–40GHz frequency ranges. The permeability spectra of the Nd2Fe14B∕α-Fe nanocomposites exhibit relaxation and resonance type characteristic in the 0.5–18 and 26.5–40GHz frequency ranges, respectively. The resonance frequency (fr) of Nd10Fe78Co5Zr1B6 nanocomposite is 30GHz due to the large anisotropy field (HA). However, the resonance frequency of the Nd2Fe14B∕α-Fe sample is lower than that of Nd2Fe14B, due to the decrease of HA induced by the exchange interaction between hard and soft magnetic phases. These samples also showed good microwave absorption performance (reflection loss: &lt;−20dB) in 9, 17, and 35–38GHz with matching thicknesses of 2, 1.2, and 0.37mm, respectively. Therefore, Nd2Fe14B∕α-Fe nanocomposites are thought to be a potential candidate for thinner microwave absorbers not only in the centimeter wave but also in the millimeter wave band.
Synthesis, characterization and <i>in vitro</i> biological activity of cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) Schiff base complexes derived from salicylaldehyde and D,L‐selenomethionine (2010)

Abstract New cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of Schiff base derived from D,L ‐selenomethionine and salicylaldehyde were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, electronic spectra, conductance measurements, magnetic measurements and biological activity. The analytical data showed that the Schiff base ligand acts as tridentate towards divalent metal ions (cobalt, copper, zinc) via the azomethine‐N, carboxylate oxygen and phenolato oxygen by a stoichiometric reaction of M:L (1:1) to form metal complexes [ML(H 2 O)], where L is the Schiff base ligand derived from D,L ‐selenomethionine and salicylaldehyde and M = Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II). 1 H NMR spectral data of the ligand and Zn(II) complex agree with proposed structures. The conductivity values between 12.87 and 15.63 S cm 2 mol −1 in DMF imply the presence of non‐electrolyte species. Antibacterial and antifungal results indicate that the metal complexes are more active than the ligand. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Experimental Validation of the Active Noise Control Methodology Based on Difference Potentials (2009)

To achieve active noise cancellation over a large area, it is often necessary to get a measure of the physical properties of the noise source to devise a counter measure. This, however, is not practical in many cases. A mathematical approach, the Difference Potential Method, can provide an alternative solution for active shielding over a large area. In this approach, the cancellation of unwanted noise requires only measurements near the boundary surface but not at the source itself, and it does not require any other information. Moreover, the solution based on difference potentials applies to bounded domains in the presence of acoustic sources inside the domain to be shielded. This paper reports on the results of experimental validation. It has been demonstrated that while preserving the wanted sound, the developed approach can cancel out the unwanted noise. The volumetric noise cancellation offered by the proposed methodology along with leaving the wanted sound unchanged is a unique feature compared to other techniques available in the literature. It can be most useful in the context of applications related to civil aviation, in particular, for eliminating the exterior noise inside the passenger compartments of both current and future generation of commercial aircraft.
Interferon Kappa Inhibits Human Papillomavirus 31 Transcription by Inducing Sp100 Proteins (2015)

High-risk HPV can establish persistent infections which may progress to anogenital cancers. hr-HPV interfere with the expression of interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes (ISGs), which is due to reduced levels of IFN-κ, an IFN that is constitutively expressed in human keratinocytes. This study reveals that IFN-κ rapidly inhibits HPV transcription and that this is due to the induction of Sp100 proteins. Thus, Sp100 represents an ISG for hr-HPV.
A low power switching method with variable comparator reference voltage and split capacitor array for SAR ADC (2016)

A low power switching method for SAR ADC is proposed in this paper. With this switching method the comparator first compares the sampled input voltage with V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> /2 to generate the MSB and determine whether to use V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> /2 or V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> as the comparator reference voltage in the following conversation steps, and the DAC with a split capacitor array uses V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ref</sub> /2 as the reference voltage to generate the remaining bits. In MATLAB simulation, with the proposed switching method, the average switching energy of the DAC is reduced to 7.8% of the conventional one. An 8-bit SAR ADC employing this low power switching method is designed and simulated in 0.18μm CMOS technology. Simulation results show that at the 1.2 V supply and a reference voltage of 1.2V with a sampling rate of 1 MS/s, the ADC consumes 8.14μW and reaches an ENOB of 7.69 bits and an FOM of 39fJ/conversation-step.
Model-Based Scene Matching (1977)

Abstract : Results form this work on model-based scene-matching schemes lead us to believe that our approach is sufficiently sound and robust to perform adequately with complex real imagery appropriate to various possible mission scenarios. Some of these results were given in this report; in particular, schemes include: the feasibility demonstration of the vertex-based model- matching system for registering two scenes. Many parts of this system have already been perfected--interfacing and feedback loops between the different parts remain to be developed. The needed modifications are outlined in this section. Experimental results on scene matching using vertex models are reported. The results illustrate the robustness and inherent power of mode-based matching techniques. The approach has the advantage that the reference model is simple and has low data requirements. The reference model is constructed before it is needed; it is often only necessary to store a list of points (vertices) and their interconnections, and it is feasible to store multiple references. Also, any modifications or changes needed to update the reference model can be conveniently specified. In a software implementation on a general-purpose machine of the model construction and matching techniques, the majority of computing required was at the lowest level (e.g., edge detection). Edges are currently detected by the Hueckel operator, which is a complex, time-consuming process. However, the Hueckel operator apparently can be replaced with a simpler edge-detection technique. This technique can be implemented in hardware for real-time operation.
Ibudilast attenuates astrocyte apoptosis <i>via</i> cyclic GMP signalling pathway in an <i>in vitro</i> reperfusion model (2001)

We examined the effect of 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo[1,5-a]pyridine (ibudilast), which has been clinically used for bronchial asthma and cerebrovascular disorders, on cell viability induced in a model of reperfusion injury. Ibudilast at 10 - 100 microM significantly attenuated the H(2)O(2)-induced decrease in cell viability. Ibudilast inhibited the H(2)O(2)-induced cytochrome c release, caspase-3 activation, DNA ladder formation and nuclear condensation, suggesting its anti-apoptotic effect. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors such as theophylline, pentoxyfylline, vinpocetine, dipyridamole and zaprinast, which increased the guanosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cyclic GMP) level, and dibutyryl cyclic GMP attenuated the H(2)O(2)-induced injury in astrocytes. Ibudilast increased the cyclic GMP level in astrocytes. The cyclic GMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor KT5823 blocked the protective effects of ibudilast and dipyridamole on the H(2)O(2)-induced decrease in cell viability, while the cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase inhibitor KT5720, the cyclic AMP antagonist Rp-cyclic AMPS, the mitogen-activated protein/extracellular signal-regulated kinase inhibitor PD98059 and the leukotriene D(4) antagonist LY 171883 did not. KT5823 also blocked the effect of ibudilast on the H(2)O(2)-induced cytochrome c release and caspase-3-like protease activation. These findings suggest that ibudilast prevents the H(2)O(2)-induced delayed apoptosis of astrocytes via a cyclic GMP, but not cyclic AMP, signalling pathway.
Photophysical properties of pyridinium salts derived from purine bases (1990)

The absorption spectra, fluorescence spectra, fluorescence lifetimes, fluorescence quenching, phosphorescence spectra, phosphorescence lifetimes, and picosecond transient absorption spectra of several purinyl-pyridinium salts have been measured in several solvents at room temperature and in ethanol glasses at 77 K. It is concluded that the previously observed photochemical transformation of N-[9-(2′,3′,5′-tri-O-acetyl-β-D-ribofuranosyl)purin-6-yl]pyridinium chloride 1 into the highly fluorescent tri-O-acetylluminarosine 6 occurs via an excited triplet state. It is also shown that intersystem crossing in purinyl-pyridinium salts is induced by an intermolecular charge-transfer interaction with the counter ions. Keywords: purinyl-pyridinium salts, fluorescence, phosphorescence.
Digitally Equalized CMOS Transmitter Front-End With Integrated Power Amplifier (2010)

An energy-efficient, 3.5-GHz, direct-conversion RF transmitter with integrated 23-dBm, Class-B power amplifier (PA) is fabricated in a 0.13- <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\mu{\hbox {m}}$</tex></formula> CMOS process for the reliable transmission of 20-MHz bandwidth OFDM signals. Assisted by an integrated feedback path, a two-dimensional, digital look-up table (2-D LUT) adapted by complex gradient-descent algorithms compensates for the I/Q mismatch and memoryless nonlinearities of the whole transmit path, including the severe amplitude and phase distortions of the on-chip PA. Fifth-order Butterworth transmit filters with 34-MHz cutoff frequency sufficiently attenuate the aliases of the 80-MS/s digital-to-analog converters (DACs), while retaining high in-band fidelity without corrupting the predistorted signal. When a 20-MHz, 64-QAM OFDM signal with 9.6-dB peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) was transmitted, the measured average drain efficiency (DE) of the PA was 12.5% at 9.6-dB back-off and 17.5% at 7-dB back-off, and the corresponding error-vector magnitude (EVM) was measured to be <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex> </formula> 29.6 dB and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$-$</tex> </formula> 26.3 dB with equalization, respectively. A peak DE of 55% and a 25-dBm saturated output power were also measured for the same PA in a stand-alone package.