gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Soil Bacterial Community and Soil Enzyme Activity Depending on the Cultivation of Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus, and Pisum sativum ssp. arvense (2019)

This study aims to determine the effects of crops and their cultivation regimes on changes in the soil microbiome. Three plant species were selected for the study: Triticum aestivum, Brassica napus, and Pisum sativum ssp. arvense, that were cultivated in soils with a similar particle size fraction. Field experiments were performed on the area of the Iławski Lake District (north-eastern Poland) at the Production and Experimental Station ‘Bałcyny’ (53°35′49″ N, 19°51′20″ E). In soil samples counts, organotrophic bacteria and actinobacteria were quantified, and the colony development index (CD) and ecophysiological diversity index (EP) were computed. In addition, a 16S amplicon sequencing encoding gene was conducted based on the hypervariable region V3–V4. Further analyses included an evaluation of the basic physiochemical properties of the soil and the activities of dehydrogenases, catalase, urease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, arylsulfatase, and β-glucosidase. Analyses carried out in the study demonstrated that the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum had a more beneficial effect on bacteria development than those of Brassica napus and Pisum sativum ssp. arvense, as indicated by the values of the ecophysiological diversity index (EP) and OTU abundance calculated for individual taxa in the soils in which the studied crops were grown. More OTUs of the taxa Alphaproteobacteria, Gammaproteobacteria, Clostridia, Sphingomonadales, Rhodospirillales, Xanthomonadales, Streptomycetaceae, Pseudonocardiaceae, Acetobacteraceae, Solibacteraceae, Kaistobacter, Cohnella, Azospirillum, Cryptosporangium, Rhodoplanes, and Saccharopolyspora were determined in the bacteriome structure of the soil from Triticum aestivum cultivation than in the soils from the cultivation of Brassica napus and Pisum sativum ssp. arvense. Also, the activities of most of the analyzed enzymes, including urease, catalase, alkaline phosphatase, β-glucosidase, and arylsulfatase, were the higher in the soil sown with Triticum aestivum than in those with the other two plant species.
Practical design considerations of a multi-output CUK converter (1979)

An experimental high frequency three output dc-dc converter design is presented in circuit detail, emphasizing the practical design needs of its contemporaty optimum topology ('CUK) output stages. Power component selection criteria are also given along with suitable load protection methods against output voltage reversals at turn-on. Inductor coupling criteria for ripple current reductions at input/output ports are develop including an alternate method for external tuning inductance insertion. Results of corresponding empirical evaluations of a 200KHz, 55-W representative design are discussed.
MPEG Video Encryption in Real-time Using Secret Key Cryptography. (1999)

We present a fast MPEG video encryption algorithm called RVEA which encrypts selected sign bits of the DCT coefficients and motion vectors using secret key cryptography algorithms such as DES or IDEA. RVEA features bounded computation time for any size of video frame and is robust to both plaintext and ciphertext attack. Since it adds a very small overhead to the MPEG video compression process, a software implementation is fast enough to meet the real-time requirement of MPEG video applications. Keywords: Multimedia data security, MPEG video encryption, MPEG codec. 1. Introduction Multimedia data security is very important for commercial multimedia applications. For example, in commercial video-on-demand applications, it is important to assure that only those who have paid for the services can view the videos. Similarly, in business video conferencing applications, it is imperative that only authorized persons can join the conference and share the video data. One way to secure dist...
The Genetic Diversity Study of Wild Wusuli Raccoon Dog from Nenjiang District (2008)

The ISSR method was developed to analyze the genetic diversity of 20 wild Wusuli raccoon dog from Nenjiang district. The results showed that there were significant genetic diversity and high polymorphism among individuals of the wild Wusuli raccoon dog. A total of 41 DNA bands were amplified by 9 primers, and 37 of them were polymorphism, the proportion of polymorphism was 90.24%, 2-8 polymorphism bands could be amplified by each primer, and 4.56 on average, the length of the product was 200-2000 bp.
Balanced Scorecard still relevant : international waters - global masterclass (2012)

Nicola Tyler, CEO of the Business Results Group, discusses the relevance and role of the Balanced Scorecard with Prof. Robert S Kaplan.
Purification and Properties of Steroid Sulfatase from Human Placenta. (1992)

Steroid sulfatase was purified approximately 170-fold from normal human placental microsomes and properties of the enzyme were investigated. The major steps in the purification procedure included solubilization with Triton X-100, column chromatofocusing, and hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenylsepharose CL-4B. The purified sulfatase showed a molecular weight of 500-600 kDa on HPLC gel filtration, whereas the enzyme migrated as a molecular mass of 73 kDa on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The isoelectric point of steroid sulfatase was estimated to be 6.7 by isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gel in the presence of 2% Triton X-100. The addition of phosphatidylcholine did not enhance the enzyme activity in the placental microsomes obtained from two patients with placental sulfatase deficiency (PSD) after solubilization and chromatofocusing. This result indicates that PSD is the result of a defect in the enzyme rather than a defect in the membrane-enzyme structure. Amino acid analysis revealed that the purified human placental sulfatase did not contain cysteine residue. The Km and Vmax values of the steroid sulfatase for dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHA-S) were 7.8 microM and 0.56 nmol/min, while those for estrone sulfate (E1-S) were 50.6 microM and 0.33 nmol/min, respectively. The results of the kinetic study suggest the substrate specificity of the purified enzyme, but further studies should be done with different substrates and inhibitors.
Slow Wave Sleep and REM Sleep Awakenings Do Not Affect Sleep Dependent Memory Consolidation (2009)

The effects of REM sleep and slow wave sleep (SWS) deprivation on sleep-dependent motor and declarative memory consolidation. Randomized, within-subject, cross-over study Weekly (women: monthly) sleep laboratory visits, with retest 60 hours later Twelve healthy subjects (6 men) aged between 20 and 30 years REM sleep deprivation, SWS deprivation, or undisturbed sleep We deprived subjects once each of REM sleep and SWS, and once let them sleep undisturbed through the night. After each night, we tested declarative and procedural memory consolidation. We tested memory performance by a verbal paired associate task and a sequential finger-tapping task at 21:00 on the study night and again 60 hours later. Although REM sleep and SWS awakenings led to a significant reduction of the respective sleep stages, memory consolidation remained unaffected. We also found a significant correlation between the declarative task and sleep spindles in the undisturbed condition, especially the sleep spindles in the first third of the night. We suggest that word-pair learning relies on stage 2 sleep spindles and requires little SWS. Their sleep dependent consolidation is not affected by SWS deprivation. Simple motor tasks may either be consolidated in stage 2 sleep or depend on only small amounts of REM sleep. Their sleep dependent consolidation is not influenced by REM sleep deprivation.
Changing the conversation <b>The Fight Against Doubt</b> <i>Inmaculada de Melo-Martín and Kristen Intemann</i> Oxford University Press, 2018. 232 pp. (2018)

A pair of philosophers offer a new perspective on problematic dissent in science
Achieve Continuous Injection of Solid Fuels into Advanced Combustion System Pressures (2005)

The overall objective of this project is the development of a mechanical rotary-disk feeder, known as the Stamet Posimetric High Pressure Solids Feeder System, to feed dry granular coal continuously and controllably into pressurized environments of up to 35 kg/cm{sup 2} (500 psi). This was to be accomplished in two phases. The first task was to review materials handling experience in pressurized operations as it related to the target pressures for this project, and review existing coal preparation processes and specifications currently used in advanced combustion systems. Samples of existing fuel materials were obtained and tested to evaluate flow, sealing and friction properties. This provided input data for use in the design of the Stamet Feeders for the project, and ensured that the material specification used met the requirements of advanced combustion & gasification systems. Ultimately, Powder River Basin coal provided by the PSDF facility in Wilsonville, AL was used as the basis for the feeder design and test program. Based on the material property information, a Phase 1 feeder system was designed and built to accomplish feeding the coal to an intermediate pressure up to 21 kg/cm{sup 2} (300 psi) at feed rates of approximately 100 kilograms (220lbs) per hour. The pump & motor system was installed in a custom built test rig comprising an inlet vessel containing an active live-wall hopper mounted in a support frame, transition into the pump inlet, transition from pump outlet and a receiver vessel containing a receiver drum supported on weigh cells. All pressure containment on the rig was rated for the final pressure requirement of 35 kg/cm{sup 2} (500psi). A program of testing and modification was carried out in Stamet's facility in CA, culminating in successful feeding of coal into the Phase 1 target of 21 kg/cm{sup 2} (300psi) gas pressure in December 2003. Further testing was carried out at CQ Inc's facility in PA, providing longer run times and experience of handling and feeding the coal in winter conditions. Based on the data developed through the testing of the Phase I unit, a Phase II system was designed for feeding coal into pressures of up to 35 kg/cm{sup 2} (500 psi). A further program of testing and modification was then carried out in Stamet's facility, with the target pressure being achieved in January 2005. Repeated runs at pressure were achieved, and optimization of the machine resulted in power reductions of 60% from the first successful pressure runs. General design layout of a commercial-scale unit was conducted, and preliminary cost estimates for a commercial unit obtained.
Metrics for the Evaluation of Bioequivalence of Modified-Release Formulations (2012)

Metrics are discussed which are used for the evaluation of bioequivalence of modified-release formulations. In order to ensure the therapeutic equivalence of the compared drug products, it would be important to contrast measures which are additional to area under the curve (AUC) and C (max). For delayed-release products, the assessment of lag times is informative. For extended-release dosage forms, comparisons of the half-value duration and the midpoint duration time are useful. For some modified-release formulations with complicated, multiphasic concentration profiles, the comparison of partial AUCs is important. In determinations of the bioequivalence of extended-release dosage forms, investigations performed under steady-state conditions rather than after single dosing can yield enhanced probability of therapeutic equivalence, especially with substantial accumulation of the drug products. In steady-state investigations of bioequivalence, evaluation of the trough concentration and of the peak trough fluctuation is informative.
Measurement of Circulating Desialylated Glycoproteins and Correlation with Hepatocellular Damage (1974)

Addition of increasing amounts of (125)I-labeled desialylated thyroxine-binding globulin (DTBG) to hepatic cell membranes resulted in a progressive increase in binding. Saturability of membrane sites was indicated by a concentration beyond which further increases in [(125)I]DTBG resulted in no further binding. The binding curve for [(125)I]DTBG was similar to binding curves of desialylated orosomucoid, fetuin, and ceruloplasmin. An inhibition assay system using hepatic cell membranes showed that desialylated orosomucoid had a greater affinity for membrane binding sites than did DTBG but desialylated fetuin and ceruloplasmin bound less avidly than DTBG. Serum from normal persons and patients with a variety of illnesses was tested for its ability to inhibit [(125)I]DTBG binding. The inhibitory activity of 1 ml of normal serum was equivalent to that of 0.2-2 mug DTBG. Patients with Laënnec's cirrhosis, biliary cirrhosis, and hepatic metastases had greatly increased inhibitory activity in their serum. Patients with jaundice due to extrahepatic obstruction had inhibitory activity not significantly different from that found in normal serum. Column chromatography of normal serum on Sephadex G-200 resulted in inhibitory activity throughout the range of protein molecular weight. Desialylation of normal serum with neuraminidase enhanced the inhibitory activity but did not change the distribution of the activity. Gel chromatography of cirrhotic serum showed markedly increased inhibitory activity associated with the macroglobulins and the 4.5S peak and a new peak of inhibitory activity in the low molecular weight area was also seen. Inhibition of desialylated glycoprotein binding to liver cell membranes by serum from patients with hepatocellular disease raises the possibility that desialylated serum glycoproteins accumulate in the circulation and that patients with compromised hepatocellular function may no longer be able to clear them from the circulation. Alternatively, accumulation of desialylated glycoproteins in the circulation could result from defective protein synthesis by the diseased liver.
Systematic investigation of changes in oxidized cerebral cytochrome c oxidase concentration during frontal lobe activation in healthy adults (2012)

Using transcranial near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) to measure changes in the redox state of cerebral cytochrome c oxidase (Δ[oxCCO]) during functional activation in healthy adults is hampered by instrumentation and algorithm issues. This study reports the Δ[oxCCO] response measured in such a setting and investigates possible confounders of this measurement. Continuous frontal lobe NIRS measurements were collected from 11 healthy volunteers during a 6-minute anagram-solving task, using a hybrid optical spectrometer (pHOS) that combines multi-distance frequency and broadband components. Only data sets showing a hemodynamic response consistent with functional activation were interrogated for a Δ[oxCCO] response. Simultaneous systemic monitoring data were also available. Possible influences on the Δ[oxCCO] response were systematically investigated and there was no effect of: 1) wavelength range chosen for fitting the measured attenuation spectra; 2) constant or measured, with the pHOS in real-time, differential pathlength factor; 3) systemic hemodynamic changes during functional activation; 4) changes in optical scattering during functional activation. The Δ[oxCCO] response measured in the presence of functional activation was heterogeneous, with the majority of subjects showing significant increase in oxidation, but others having a decrease. We conclude that the heterogeneity in the Δ[oxCCO] response is physiological and not induced by confounding factors in the measurements.
EVIDENCE THAT NITRIC OXIDE PRODUCTION BY IN VIVO ALLOSENSITIZED CELLS INHIBITS THE DEVELOPMENT OF ALLOSPECIFIC CTL (1992)

The oxidative metabolism of L-arginine to its bioactive product, nitric oxide (.N = O) has been shown to inhibit rat splenocyte mixed lymphocyte reactions. To determine if alloantigen-induced .N = O production might be operative in vivo, cells that had infiltrated a rat sponge matrix allograft were tested for de novo .N = O production as well as .N = O production upon restimulation with the sensitizing alloantigen. When graft-infiltrating cells were placed in culture, a peak in de novo .N = O production was observed by day 6 graft-infiltrating cells, the time when donor-specific CTL activity by the graft-infiltrating cells was first observed. Upon restimulation with alloantigen, allograft-infiltrating cells produced greatly increased levels of .N = O, and this production was associated with inhibition of lymphocyte cytolytic function. The addition of NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (NMA), the competitive inhibitor of oxidative L-arginine metabolism, inhibited .N = O production and promoted allospecific CTL development. Both observed effects of NMA were reversed by addition of excess L-arginine. Cytokine(s) able to induce proliferation of the IL-2-dependent T cell line CTLL-2 could be detected in alloantigen-stimulated cultures in both the presence and absence of NMA. However, proliferation of the graft-infiltrating cells in response to these cytokines was observed only in the presence of NMA. The immunosuppressive macrolide FK506 was a potent inhibitor of .N = O production in these cultures, presumably acting by inhibiting the production of those cytokines that induce the oxidative L-arginine pathway.
Ultrastructural mitochondrial pathology in human astrocytic tumors: potentials implications pro-therapeutics strategies (2007)

This study was realized to illustrate and analyze the ultrastructural mitochondrial pathology in human astrocytic tumors. Tumoral biopsies of 10 patients with pathological diagnosis of astrocytic tumors by means of transmission electron microscopy were examined. Mitochondria exhibits heterogeneous morphology in all the cases. Mitochondrial swelling with partial or total cristolysis was the most constant alteration observed. Mitochondrial fusion-fission phenomena have been demonstrated. These findings suggest that the majority of astrocytoma cells are incompetent to produce adequate amount of energy by means of oxidative phosphorylation. Ultrastructural mitochondrial pathology indicates that possibly both glycolytic inhibition and inhibition or down-regulation of mitochondrial respiration would be a potential tool for future therapeutic strategies in cases of human astrocytic tumors.
Differential expression of telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) in lung tumours (2004)

Human telomerase reverse transcriptase is a ribonucleoprotein that synthesises telomeric sequences, which decrease at each cell division. In cancer cells, its activity is linked to telomere maintenance leading to unlimited cellular proliferation and immortality. To evaluate the prognostic value of the catalytic subunit telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT), we analysed its expression by immunohistochemistry in 122 formalin-fixed lung tumours including 42 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), 43 adenocarcinoma (ADC), 19 basaloid carcinoma (BC) and 18 small-cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) in comparison with detection of hTERT mRNA by in situ hybridisation and relative telomerase activity by TRAP assay in a subset of tumours. We observed a high concordance between hTERT protein expression and detection of hTERT mRNA and telomerase activity. Telomerase expression varied according to histology (P=0.0002) being significantly lower in ADC than in SCC, BC and SCLC (P<0.0001). Adenocarcinoma and SCC exhibited either a nuclear or a nucleolar staining in contrast with a diffuse nuclear staining observed in most BC and all SCLC (P=0.01). In stage I NSCLC telomerase expression was lower than in other stages (P=0.04), and a nucleolar staining was correlated with a short survival (P=0.03). We concluded that telomerase expression and pattern are distinctive among histopathological classes of lung cancer and convey prognostic influence.
Compensation of tissue absorption in emission tomography (1979)

This paper presents a technique for overcoming the problem of tissue absorption in emission tomography. Given a set of equispaced projections in the interval (0, 2π), it is possible to derive an exact formula for recovering the spectrum of the image. The formula is obtained by solving a linear partial-differential equation that links the derivatives of the spectrum with respect to absorption and spatial frequencies. Examples of the application of the technique to synthetic and real data are given.
Poly(<i>n</i>-butyl methacrylate) in Ionic Liquids with Tunable Lower Critical Solution Temperatures (LCST) (2011)

We describe the lower critical solution temperature (LCST)-type phase behavior of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PnBMA) (M =13,000 and 48,000) dissolved in 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium bis{(trifluoromethyl) sulfonyl}amide ionic liquids (ILs). The temperature-composition phase diagrams of these PnBMA/IL systems are strongly asymmetric with the critical composition shifted to low concentrations of PnBMA. As the molecular weight increases from 13,000 to 48,000, the critical temperature decreases by 20 °C, and the critical composition shifts to a lower concentration. On the basis of the LCST of PnBMA, we designed a thermosensitive poly(n-butyl methacrylate)-poly(ethylene oxide) (PnBMA-PEO) diblock copolymer that exhibits a free chain/micelle transition in an IL as the temperature increases above the lower critical micellization temperature (LCMT). Furthermore, using IL blends as solvents, both the LCST of PnBMA and the LCMT of PnBMA-PEO can be tuned over a wide range by mixing two different alkyl methylimidazolium ILs without modifying the chemical structure of the polymers.
465. Synthetic and stereochemical investigations of reduced cyclic bases. Part V. The exhaustive methylation of some partially reduced cyclic bases (1958)

H. Booth, F. E. King and J. Parrick, J. Chem. Soc., 1958, 2302 DOI: 10.1039/JR9580002302
Einleitung, Ausgangspunkte, Fragestellungen (1997)

Es scheint, als wiederhole sich gegenwärtig mit den sogenannten Online-Diensten, dem Internet und allgemeiner noch mit Multimedia, was Brecht im Blick auf den Rundfunk konstatiert hatte. Diese These wird keineswegs nur im kritisch-alternativen Spektrum oder in den Sozialwissenschaften vertreten, sie findet sich auch im Bericht der ‘Mitglieder der Gruppe von Persönlichkeiten zur Informationsgesellschaft’ an den Europäischen Rat, im sogenannten Bangemann-Bericht, wo es heißt: „Technologie ist heutzutage auf der Suche nach Anwendungen. Gleichzeitig wächst der Bedarf an Lösungen auf der Grundlage intelligenter Informationen” (Europa 1994, S. 23).
Steeping of Starch at Various Temperatures‐Effects on Functional Properties (1980)

Abstract Functionality of wheat starches steeped at various time and temperature conditions was studied in bread, cake and pie filling systems. Treatment at 50°C reduced the bread volume. Crumb softness in breads increased with duration and temperature of the treatment. Addition of 3–10% (flour basis) treated starch (40°C for 3 days) reduced firmness of breads. Cakes with starches treated at 25°C and 40°C up to 3 days were acceptable; starch treatment at 50°C caused collapse of cakes. The consistencies of pie fillings are increased by starch treatment at 25°C. Starches treatment at higher temperatures (40–50°C) caused high initial consistencies of fillings which were reduced during storage.