gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topographic organization of the reciprocal connections between the monkey entorhinal cortex and the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices (1994)

The perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices constitute the major sources of cortical input to the monkey entorhinal cortex. Neuropsychological studies have shown that these three cortical regions contribute in an important way to normal memory function. We have investigated the topographic and laminar organization of the reciprocal projections between the entorhinal cortex and these two adjacent cortical areas by placing anterograde and retrograde tracers in all three regions. There were three major findings. First, the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices have distinct but partially overlapping interconnections with the entorhinal cortex. The perirhinal cortex tends to be interconnected with the rostral two-thirds of the entorhinal cortex while the parahippocampal cortex tends to be interconnected with approximately the caudal two-thirds of the entorhinal cortex. Second, the degree of reciprocity of the interconnections of the entorhinal cortex with the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices differs. The parahippocampal/entorhinal connections have a high degree of reciprocity. In contrast, the degree of reciprocity of the perirhinal/entorhinal interconnections varies depending on the mediolateral position within the perirhinal cortex; medial portions of the perirhinal cortex exhibit a higher degree of reciprocity with the entorhinal cortex than lateral portions. Third, the projections from the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices to the entorhinal cortex resemble a feedforward projection, while the projections from the entorhinal cortex to the perirhinal and parahippocampal cortices resemble a feedback projection pattern.
Predicting student performance: an application of data mining methods with an educational web-based system (2004)

Newly developed Web-based educational technologies offer researchers unique opportunities to study how students learn and what approaches to learning lead to success. Web-based systems routinely collect vast quantities of data on user patterns, and data mining methods can be applied to these databases. This paper presents an approach to classifying students in order to predict their final grade based on features extracted from logged data in an education Web-based system. We design, implement, and evaluate a series of pattern classifiers and compare their performance on an online course dataset. A combination of multiple classifiers leads to a significant improvement in classification performance. Furthermore, by learning an appropriate weighting of the features used via a genetic algorithm (GA), we further improve prediction accuracy. The GA is demonstrated to successfully improve the accuracy of combined classifier performance, about 10 to 12% when comparing to non-GA classifier. This method may be of considerable usefulness in identifying students at risk early, especially in very large classes, and allow the instructor to provide appropriate advising in a timely manner.
Thermionic Emission Studies of Micro-Flat Single Crystal Lanthanum Hexaboride Cathodes (1984)

A new type of high brightness thermionic cathode has been developed. The cathode utilises emission from a small flat surface (generally less than 50 μm diameter) prepared parallel to a specific crystal plane on a single crystal of Lanthanum Hexaboride. Emission from the rest of the single crystal is suppressed by the use of a high work function coating of pyrolytic graphite. When used in a conventional triode gun, the maximum total electron emission is controlled by the area of the micro-flat, the work function and the temperature of the emitter. The Wehnelt potential serves a minor role in controlling the divergence of the beam. At certain emitter height settings, the gun produces the maximum axial brightness at zero bias. The field at the surface of the micro-flat is higher than that for pointed emitter s in a conventional configuration and no longer limits the gun brightness. As the emitting region is now parallel to a specific crystallographic surface, the emission anisotropy of LaB6 can now be utilized in developing emitters of optimum brightness. The new sources reduce Wehnelt aperture contamination and offer long lifetimes under favourable vacuum conditions.
Neutrophil trails guide influenza-specific CD8 <sup>+</sup> T cells in the airways (2015)

During viral infections, chemokines guide activated effector T cells to infection sites. However, the cells responsible for producing these chemokines and how such chemokines recruit T cells are unknown. Here, we show that the early recruitment of neutrophils into influenza-infected trachea is essential for CD8(+) T cell-mediated immune protection in mice. We observed that migrating neutrophils leave behind long-lasting trails that are enriched in the chemokine CXCL12. Experiments with granulocyte-specific CXCL12 conditionally depleted mice and a CXCR4 antagonist revealed that CXCL12 derived from neutrophil trails is critical for virus-specific CD8(+) T cell recruitment and effector functions. Collectively, these results suggest that neutrophils deposit long-lasting, chemokine-containing trails, which may provide both chemotactic and haptotactic cues for efficient CD8(+) T cell migration and localization in influenza-infected tissues.
Activation of cholesterol synthesis in preference to fatty acid synthesis in liver and adipose tissue of transgenic mice overproducing sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2. (1998)

We produced transgenic mice that express a dominant-positive truncated form of sterol regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2) in liver and adipose tissue. The encoded protein lacks the membrane-binding and COOH-terminal regulatory domains, and it is therefore not susceptible to negative regulation by cholesterol. Livers from the transgenic mice showed increases in mRNAs encoding multiple enzymes of cholesterol biosynthesis, the LDL receptor, and fatty acid biosynthesis. The elevations in mRNA for 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG CoA) synthase and HMG CoA reductase were especially marked (13-fold and 75-fold, respectively). As a result, the transgenic livers showed a 28-fold increase in the rate of cholesterol synthesis and a lesser fourfold increase in fatty acid synthesis, as measured by intraperitoneal injection of [3H]water. These results contrast with previously reported effects of dominant-positive SREBP-1a, which activated fatty acid synthesis more than cholesterol synthesis. In adipose tissue of the SREBP-2 transgenics, the mRNAs for cholesterol biosynthetic enzymes were elevated, but the mRNAs for fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes were not. We conclude that SREBP-2 is a relatively selective activator of cholesterol synthesis, as opposed to fatty acid synthesis, in liver and adipose tissue of mice.
Characterization of cosmetic sticks at Xiaohe Cemetery in early Bronze Age Xinjiang, China (2016)

Cosmetics have been studied for a long time in the society and culture research, and its consumption is regarded as a cultural symbol of human society. This paper focuses on the analysis of the red cosmetic sticks, found in Xiaohe Cemetery (1980-1450BC), Xinjiang, China. The structure of the red cosmetic sticks was disclosed by SR-μCT scanning (Synchrotron Radiation Micro-computed Tomography), while the chemical components were characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), Raman Spectroscopy and Proteomics. The results suggested that the cosmetic sticks were made from the cattle heart and covered with a layer of hematite powders as the pigment. Given the numerous red painted relics in Xiaohe Cemetery, this kind of cosmetic sticks might be used as a primitive form of crayon for makeup and painting. The usage of cattle hearts as cosmetic sticks is firstly reported up to our knowledge, which not only reveals the varied utilizations of cattle in Xiaohe Cemetery but also shows the distinctive religious function. Furthermore, these red cosmetic sticks were usually buried with women, implying that the woman may be the painter and play a special role in religious activities.
Tandem Azide-Alkyne 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition/Electrophilic Addition: A Concise Three-Component Route to 4,5-Disubstituted Triazolyl-Nucleosides (2009)

A one-pot, three-component approach to a new family of 4,5-functionalized triazolyl-nucleosides is described. The method relies on the one-pot azide-alkyne 1,3-cycloaddition/electrophilic addition tandem reaction, which affords good yields of the corresponding 4,5-disubstituted nucleosides.
Pathogenic role of the CXCL16–CXCR6 pathway in rheumatoid arthritis (2005)

Our results indicate that CXCL16 plays an important role in T cell accumulation and stimulation in RA synovium and suggest that CXCL16 could be a target molecule in new therapies for RA.
Multi‐subtype classification model for non‐small cell lung cancer based on radiomics: <scp>SLS</scp> model (2019)

The experiment results showed that the subtypes of NSCLC could be well classified by radiomic method. Our SLS model can accurately classify and diagnose the four subtypes of NSCLC based on CT images, and thus it has the potential to be used in the clinical practice to provide valuable information for lung cancer treatment and further promote the personalized medicine.
A new formulation containing sunscreen (SPF 15) and 1% metronidazole (ROSASOL Cream) in the treatment of rosacea. (2001)

ROSASOL Cream is a novel topical formulation of 1% metronidazole in a vehicle containing sunscreens (SPF 15). This product has demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of inflammatory lesions, erythema, and telangiectasiae associated with rosacea.
Design of EPG Information Player System using DCT based Blind Watermark (2011)

광대역 네트워크의 발달과 함께 멀티미디어 산업의 발달은 IPTV와 같은 디지털 콘텐츠 시장의 확산을 가져오고 있다. 일반적으로 셋탑박스와 같은 미들웨어를 통해서 습득한 디지털 콘텐츠는 PC 재생기를 이용하여 시청할 수 있다. 이 때 PC 재생기는 코덱정보, 비트레이트 등과 같은 정보만 알 수 있다. 그러나 일반 사용자들은 이러한 정보보다 콘텐츠의 내용, 설명 등과 같은 부가 정보를 보기 원한다. 따라서 기존의 PC 재생기와 달리 데이터베이스 사용하지 않고 셋탑박스를 통해서 습득한 콘텐츠 내에 삽입되어 있는 EPG 정보를 볼 수 있는 재생기를 PC상에 설계하였다. 콘텐츠 내에 EPG 정보를 삽입하기 위해서 DCT 기반의 블라인드 워터마크를 제안한다. 이는 콘텐츠 원본 없이도 정보를 추출할 수 있고, 주파수 영역에서 계수값에 비례하여 강인한 워터마크를 삽입 할 수 있다. 그리고 EPG 정보로부터 원하는 정보를 워터마크를 통하여 삽입하기 위하여 MPEG-TS에 포함된 PSI 정보를 분석하고 분리하였으며, 삽입된 콘텐츠로부터 EPG 정보를 추출하여 UI를 구성하였다. 또한 워터마크 삽입 및 추출, 콘텐츠 재생 등의 기능을 다이렉트쇼 필터를 기반으로 설계하여 시스템을 모듈화 하였다. 따라서 개발자들이 보다 쉽고, 빠르게 시스템을 개발할 수 있도록 설계하였다. While the broadband network and multimedia technologies have been developing, the commercial market of digital contents has also been widely spreading with recently starting IPTV. Generally, PC player can display digital contents obtained through middleware like a settop box and can only bring the informations about contents like CODEC, bitrate etc. useful for only experts. But general users want to know more optional informations like content's subject, description etc. So unlike previous PC player, we proposed a player system that can get inserted informations, namely EPG(Electronic Program Guide), without database after bringing contents to PC through settop box. In addition, we also proposed DCT(Discrete Cosine Transform) based blind watermark generating method to insert EPG informations. We can extract watermark without original image and insert robust watermark in proportion to coefficients in frequency domain. And we analyzed and parsed PSI data from MPEG-TS. So we could insert wanted information using watermark from EPG. And we composed UI by extracting EPG information from watermark interted contents. Finally we modularized whole system into the watermark insert/extract application and directshow filter based player. So we tried to design this system so that the general developer can do in a way that is easier and faster.
Treatment of cancer chemotherapy-associated thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura/hemolytic uremic syndrome by protein A immunoadsorption of plasma (1993)

This multicenter study establishes protein A immunoadsorption as an effective and safe treatment for cancer chemotherapy-associated TTP/HUS, an otherwise fatal disease.
A Polymer Electrolyte Solid State Lithium Oxygen Cell (2011)

Abstract not Available.
Determination of the complete nucleotide sequence of pNS1, a staphylococcal tetracycline-resistance plasmid propagated in<i>Bacillus subtilis</i> (1986)

The complete nucleotide sequence of pNS1 (3879 bp), a tetracycline-resistance (TcR) plasmid drived from staphylococcal plasmid pTP5, has been determined and compared with that of the staphylococcal TcR plasmid pT181 [6]. The nucleotide sequences of the 2 plasmids are in agreement, except for 18 nucleotides, but these differences are significant in that they give rise to new open reading frames (ORFs). A short ORF-D is found in the copy control region, and the TcR region contains a single large ORF-A, that encodes the Tet protein (50 kDa). The upstream region of ORF-A contains 3 inverted repeat sequences, which can generate structures very similar in conformation of the structure of the control region of the inducible erythromycin-resistance gene of pE194.
A performance analysis of Pentium processor systems (1995)

Using a CPI metric, we analyze the performance of Pentium-based systems and examine their use of the processor's architectural features under different software environments. We break down the CPI into its basic constituents and examine the effects of various operating systems and applications on the CPI. This analysis indicates where the application spends its time during execution, giving designers a better understanding of design tradeoffs and potential causes of performance bottlenecks.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular structure of an anticancer drug-DNA complex: daunomycin plus d(CpGpTpApCpG). (1980)

The structure of the crystalline daunomycin-d(CpGpTpApCpG) complex has been solved by x-ray diffraction analysis. The DNA forms a six-base-pair right-handed double helix with two daunomycin molecules intercalated in the d(CpG) sequences. The daunomycin aglycone chromophore is oriented at right angles to the long dimension of the DNA base pairs and the cyclohexene ring rests in the minor groove. Substituents on this ring have hydrogen bonding interactions to the base pairs above and below the intercalation site. These appear to be specific for anthracycline antibiotics. The amino sugar lies in the minor groove of the double helix without bonding to the DNA. The DNA double helix is distorted in a novel manner in accommodating the drug.
Introduction (2017)

A new generation of innovative social protection strategies is emerging in southern Africa. Similar developments can be seen in Latin America and Asia. A new paradigm is apparent in developing countries aiming to achieve redistribution through various types of social protection intervention. The proliferation of national social protection in the Global South has been widely supported by governments, international agencies and non-governmental organizations. Lessons can be learnt from the diversity of social protection strategies being deployed in both low and middle income countries. Cross-country studies of South Africa and Brazil, both middle income countries, might help us understand the paradigm shift in this field and how these two countries differ. More research can be done on the gendered nature of care and how social protection helps or hinders progress towards gender equality and better lives for children.
Integration of Daylighting and Sport Lighting Systems Design for Turf Growth in an Indoor Football Stadium (1999)

(1999). Integration of Daylighting and Sport Lighting Systems Design for Turf Growth in an Indoor Football Stadium. Journal of the Illuminating Engineering Society: Vol. 28, No. 2, pp. 63-80.
Design, Synthesis and Evaluation of Indene Derivatives as Retinoic Acid Receptor α Agonists (2016)

A series of novel indene-derived retinoic acid receptor α (RARα) agonists have been designed and synthesized. The use of receptor binding, cell proliferation and cell differentiation assays demonstrated that most of these compounds exhibited moderate RARα binding activity and potent antiproliferative activity. In particular, 4-((3-isopropoxy-2,3-dihydro-1<i>H</i>-inden-5-yl)-carbamoyl)benzoic acid (<b>36d</b>), which showed a moderate binding affinity, exhibited a great potential to induce the differentiation of NB4 cells (68.88% at 5 μM). Importantly, our work established indene as a promising skeleton for the development of novel RARα agonists.
XPS and SEM study of UV laser surface modification of polymers (1989)

Abstract Several commercial polymers—poly(ethylene) (PE), poly(propylene) (PP), poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVF 2 ), poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) and polystyrene (PS)—were treated in air with an argon‐fluorine UV excimer laser (λ = 193 nm). The polymer etch rate was investigated by two methods: quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) and piercing of films. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis was performed on the modified surfaces after laser exposure at various fluences. Samples were subsequently analysed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From our results, polymers may be classified into two categories concerning their reactivity towards UV laser light. — the weakly absorbing polymers (e.g. PE, PP, PVF 2 ) where a photothermal process (thermal degradation) dominates the interaction. — the strongly absorbing polymers (e.g. PVC, PS) where a photochemical process (photoablation) dominates the interaction.
Real-Time PCR for Diagnosing and Quantifying Co-infection by Two Globally Distributed Fungal Pathogens of Wheat (2018)

Co-infections - invasions of a host-plant by multiple pathogen species or strains - are common, and are thought to have consequences for pathogen ecology and evolution. Despite their apparent significance, co-infections have received limited attention; in part due to lack of suitable quantitative tools for monitoring of co-infecting pathogens. Here, we report on a duplex real-time PCR assay that simultaneously distinguishes and quantifies co-infections by two globally important fungal pathogens of wheat: <i>Pyrenophora tritici-repentis</i> and <i>Parastagonospora nodorum</i>. These fungi share common characteristics and host species, creating a challenge for conventional disease diagnosis and subsequent management strategies. The assay uses uniquely assigned fluorogenic probes to quantify fungal biomass as nucleic acid equivalents. The probes provide highly specific target quantification with accurate discrimination against non-target closely related fungal species and host genes. Quantification of the fungal targets is linear over a wide range (5000-0.5 pg DNA μl<sup>-1</sup>) with high reproducibility (RSD ≤ 10%). In the presence of host DNA in the assay matrix, fungal biomass can be quantified up to a fungal to wheat DNA ratio of 1 to 200. The utility of the method was demonstrated using field samples of a cultivar sensitive to both pathogens. While visual and culture diagnosis suggested the presence of only one of the pathogen species, the assay revealed not only presence of both co-infecting pathogens (hence enabling asymptomatic detection) but also allowed quantification of relative abundances of the pathogens as a function of disease severity. Thus, the assay provides for accurate diagnosis; it is suitable for high-throughput screening of co-infections in epidemiological studies, and for exploring pathogen-pathogen interactions and dynamics, none of which would be possible with conventional approaches.
In vitro comparison of the amount of salbutamol available for inhalation from different formulations used with different spacer devices (1997)

Metered-dose inhalers (MDIs) are currently being reformulated to contain hydrofluoroalkanes (HFAs), which do not damage the Earth's ozone layer. As different formulations of inhaled drugs may behave differently when used with spacer devices, we wished to determine the amount of salbutamol available for inhalation from a conventional metered-dose inhaler (Ventolin) and a new HFA-containing formulation (Airomir), when used with two different spacers. A glass multistage liquid impinger was used to determine the amount of salbutamol delivered from the inhalers used with the Aerochamber and the Nebuhaler spacer devices. High speed video-recordings of inhaler actuation into air were made, and the speed of the aerosol and the aerosol cloud volume were measured. More salbutamol in small particles (<5 microm) was delivered from the Airomir MDI than the Ventolin MDI, when used with the Aerochamber (40.4 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) 31.2-49.6) versus 19.5 (19.0-20.0) microg) and the Nebuhaler (42.1 (36.3-47.9) versus 24.6 (23.3-25.8) microg). The aerosol cloud from the Airomir MDI was slower than the Ventolin aerosol, and 60 ms after actuation had travelled 186 mm, whereas the Ventolin aerosol had travelled 320 mm. At the same time, the Airomir aerosol occupied a smaller volume than the Ventolin MDI (251 (213-288) versus 695 (608-782) cm3). The hydrofluoroalkane formulation delivers more salbutamol than the conventional formulation when used either with the Aerochamber or Nebuhaler spacer. This may be because less drug is deposited in the spacer from the hydrofluoroalkane formulation, which is emitted from the metered-dose inhaler at a slower speed and occupies a smaller volume than the conventional formulation. The observed difference in drug delivery may be important for patients changing formulations, and in severe asthma, where high doses of salbutamol may be administered through a spacer.
<i>Myasthenia Gravis Experimentally Induced with Muscle‐specific Kinase</i> (2008)

Here we present the first evidence that muscle-specific kinase (MuSK) antigen can cause myasthenia in animals. MuSK is expressed at the postsynaptic membranes of neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) and forms complexes with acetylcholine receptors (AChR) and rapsyn. MuSK is activated by agrin, which is released from motoneurons, and induces AChR clustering and subsequent formation of NMJ in embryos. Notably, autoantibodies against MuSK were found in a proportion of patients with generalized myasthenia gravis (MG) but without the characteristic AChR autoantibodies. However, MuSK autoantibodies had no known pathogenic potential, and animals immunized with purified MuSK proteins did not develop MG in former studies. In contrast, we have now injected rabbits with MuSK ectodomain protein in vivo and evoked a MG-like muscle weakness with a reduction of AChR clustering at the NMJ. Our results showed that MuSK is required for maintenance of synapses and that interference with that function by MuSK antibodies causes myasthenic weakness. In vitro, AChR clustering in myotubes is induced by agrin and agrin-independent inducers, which do not activate MuSK. Neither the receptor nor the activation mechanisms of AChR clustering induced by agrin-independent inducers has been identified with certainty, but MuSK autoantibodies in myasthenic animals inhibited both agrin and agrin-independent AChR clustering. MuSK plays multiple roles in pre-patterning of the postsynaptic membrane before innervation and formation of NMJ in embryos. Some of these mechanisms may also participate in the maintenance of mature NMJ. This model system would provide new knowledge about the molecular pathogenesis of MG and MuSK functions in mature NMJ.
Magneto optical static event detector (2002)

A resettable magneto-optic static detector provides a unique way of detecting electrostatic discharge (ESD) events for products being handled during manufacturing processes. The device is sufficiently small so that many of them can be packaged in a single integrated circuit (IC) for simultaneous detection of ESD events at different terminals.