gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Retrospective correction of MR intensity inhomogeneity by information minimization (2001)

In this paper, the problem of retrospective correction of intensity inhomogeneity in magnetic resonance (MR) images is addressed. A novel model-based correction method is proposed, based on the assumption that an image corrupted by intensity inhomogeneity contains more information than the corresponding uncorrupted image. The image degradation process is described by a linear model, consisting of a multiplicative and an additive component which are modeled by a combination of smoothly varying basis functions. The degraded image is corrected by the inverse of the image degradation model. The parameters of this model are optimized such that the information of the corrected image is minimized while the global intensity statistic is preserved. The method was quantitatively evaluated and compared to other methods on a number of simulated and real MR images and proved to be effective, reliable, and computationally attractive. The method can be widely applied to different types of MR images because it solely uses the information that is naturally present in an image, without making assumptions on its spatial and intensity distribution. Besides, the method requires no preprocessing, parameter setting, nor user interaction. Consequently, the proposed method may be a valuable tool in MR image analysis.
Flexible and Compact AMC Based Antenna for Telemedicine Applications (2012)

We present a flexible, compact antenna system intended for telemedicine applications. The design is based on an M-shaped printed monopole antenna operating in the Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM) 2.45 GHz band integrated with a miniaturized slotted Jerusalem Cross (JC) Artificial Magnetic Conductor (AMC) ground plane. The AMC ground plane is utilized to isolate the user's body from undesired electromagnetic radiation in addition to minimizing the antenna's impedance mismatch caused by the proximity to human tissues. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) is analyzed using a numerical human body model (HUGO) to assess the feasibility of the proposed design. The antenna expresses 18% impedance bandwidth; moreover, the inclusion of the AMC ground plane increases the front to back ratio by 8 dB, provides 3.7 dB increase in gain, in addition to 64% reduction in SAR. Experimental and numerical results show that the radiation characteristics, impedance matching, and SAR values of the proposed design are significantly improved compared to conventional monopole and dipole antennas. Furthermore, it offers a compact and flexible solution which makes it a good candidate for the wearable telemedicine application.
The structure of ribonucleic acids. 1. Cyclic nucleotides produced by ribonuclease and by alkaline hydrolysis (1952)

Research Article| December 01 1952 The structure of ribonucleic acids. 1. Cyclic nucleotides produced by ribonuclease and by alkaline hydrolysis R. Markham; R. Markham 1Agricultural Research Council, Plant Virus Research Unit, Molteno Institute, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. D. Smith J. D. Smith 1Agricultural Research Council, Plant Virus Research Unit, Molteno Institute, University of Cambridge Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1952) 52 (4): 552–557. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0520552 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation R. Markham, J. D. Smith; The structure of ribonucleic acids. 1. Cyclic nucleotides produced by ribonuclease and by alkaline hydrolysis. Biochem J 1 December 1952; 52 (4): 552–557. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0520552 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1952 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1952 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Chemical Biology Drug Sensitivity Screen Identifies Sunitinib as Synergistic Agent with Disulfiram in Prostate Cancer Cells (2012)

Taken together, our results propose novel combinatorial approaches to inhibit prostate cancer cell growth. Disulfiram-sunitinib combination was identified as one of the potent synergistic approaches. Since sunitinib alone has been reported to lack efficacy in prostate cancer clinical trials, our results provide a rationale for novel combinatorial approach to target prostate cancer more efficiently.
<title>Removing index of refraction constraints in the optical measurement of liquid level</title> (1993)

Continuous and discrete liquid level measurements made with fiber optic sensors generally depend on refraction of light in the liquid to be measured. Problems, including erratic or incorrect readings, arise when the index of refraction of the liquid is near that of the outer surface of the optical probe. This is often the case for common optical probe materials and many organic compounds including fuels and lubricants. This paper describes a continuous liquid level sensor which operates over a wide range of indices. The lower limit of the range is determined by an intermediate optical material in the probe, rather than the material of the outer surface; there is no upper limit. The liquid being measured may have any index equal to or greater than that of the intermediate material. Water is used as the intermediate material in the sensor to be described; it surrounds a lambertian fiber optic emitter and detector pair. The sensor is linear within +/- 5 percent over a five-inch measurement span, for liquids of any index equal to or greater than 1.33, even though the outer surface of the probe is fused quartz, with an index of 1.46. Since most liquids have an index greater than that of water, and many liquids of interest have an index near that of quartz or glasses, this method greatly extends the range of liquids that can be measured with a given sensor.
Occurrence and Prevention of Metal Dusting on Stainless Steels (2001)

Abstract Metal dusting is a disintegration of metals and alloys into a dust of graphite and metal particles, occurring after carbon ingress and oversaturation. This corrosion process can be prevented by a dense Cr-rich oxide layer which inhibits the carbon ingress. To obtain such protective scale on Cr-steels at the relatively low temperatures 400 – 600 °C, critical concerning occurrence of metal dusting, fast diffusion paths must be provided for rapid supply of Cr to the surface upon exposure to the carburizing and oxidizing atmosphere. This is achieved by a fine grain microstructure and/or surface working of the steels: the grain boundaries, sub-boundaries and dislocations act as fast diffusion paths. Studies on the metal dusting behaviour of austenitic stainless steels in a strongly carburizing H2-CO-H2O atmosphere at 600 °C have demonstrated that fine grain size and surface deformation clearly improve the metal dusting resistance of the steels.
Limitations in the X‐ray microanalysis of thin foils in a scanning transmission electron microscope (1977)

SUMMARY The X‐ray microanalysis of thin foils has been investigated using a scanning transmission electron microscope fitted with an energy dispersive spectrometer. Thin foils prepared from an iron‐nickel and an aluminium‐zinc‐magnesium‐copper alloy have been observed and analysed. For foil thicknesses between 200 and 300 nm the X‐ray intenstiy ratios are consistent with X‐ray absorption characteristics. For regions less than 200 nm thickness the measured intensity ratios increase by up to a factor of 5. These results have been explained in terms of a solute enriched or depleted surface layer developed during the preparation procedure.
A Memristor Crossbar Based Computing Engine Optimized for High Speed and Accuracy (2016)

Matrix-vector multiplication, as a key computing operation, has been largely adopted in applications and hence greatly affects the execution efficiency. A common technique to enhance the performance of matrix-vector multiplication is increasing execution parallelism, which results in higher design cost. In recent years, new devices and structures have been widely investigated as alternative solutions. Among them, memristor crossbar demonstrates a great potential for its intrinsic support of matrix-vector multiplication, high integration density, and built-in parallel execution. However, the computation accuracy and speed of such designs are limited and constrained by the features of crossbar array and peripheral circuitry. In this work, we propose a new memristor crossbar based computing engine design by leveraging a current sensing scheme. High operation parallelism and therefore fast computation can be achieved by simultaneously supplying analog voltages into a memristor crossbar and directly detecting weighted currents through current amplifiers. The performance and effectiveness of the proposed design were examined through the implementation of a neural network for pattern recognition based on MNIST database. Compared to a prior reported design, ours increases the recognition accuracy 8.1% (to 94.6%).
Pore-Scale Study of Transverse Mixing Induced CaCO<sub>3</sub>Precipitation and Permeability Reduction in a Model Subsurface Sedimentary System (2010)

A microfluidic pore structure etched into a silicon wafer was used as a two-dimensional model subsurface sedimentary system (i.e., micromodel) to study mineral precipitation and permeability reduction relevant to groundwater remediation and geological carbon sequestration. Solutions containing CaCl(2) and Na(2)CO(3) at four different saturation states (Ω = [Ca(2+)][CO(3)(2-)]/K(spCaCO(3))) were introduced through two separate inlets, and they mixed by diffusion transverse to the main flow direction along the center of the micromodel resulting in CaCO(3) precipitation. Precipitation rates increased and the total amount of precipitates decreased with increasing saturation state, and only vaterite and calcite crystals were formed (no aragonite). The relative amount of vaterite increased from 80% at the lowest saturation state (Ω(v) = 2.8 for vaterite) to 95% at the highest saturation state (Ω(v) = 4.5). Fluorescent tracer tests conducted before and after CaCO(3) precipitation indicate that pore spaces were occluded by CaCO(3) precipitates along the transverse mixing zone, thus substantially reducing porosity and permeability, and potentially limiting transformation from vaterite to the more stable calcite. The results suggest that mineral precipitation along plume margins can decrease both reactant mixing during groundwater remediation, and injection and storage efficiency during CO(2) sequestration.
Osteosarcoma in Sprague-Dawley rats after long-term treatment with teriparatide (human parathyroid hormone (1-34)) (2012)

Teriparatide, a therapeutic agent for osteoporosis, has been reported to increase the incidences of bone neoplasms such as osteosarcoma when administered subcutaneously to Fischer 344 (F344) rats for a long term, but its non-carcinogenic dose level following 2-year daily administration has not been established. Here we report detailed studies on the carcinogenicity of teriparatide following long-term administration. When teriparatide was administered subcutaneously to male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats daily for 2 years, the incidence of osteosarcoma was increased at 13.6 µg/kg/day. The non-carcinogenic dose level was 4.5 µg/kg/day for both males and females. The development of osteosarcoma in SD rats depends on the dose level of, and treatment duration with, teriparatide. Responses of the bones to teriparatide were similar between F344 and SD rats in many aspects. These results suggested that the carcinogenic potential of teriparatide in SD rats is essentially the same as in F344 rats.
Identification of the p33(ING1)-regulated genes that include cyclin B1 and proto-oncogene DEK by using cDNA microarray in a mouse mammary epithelial cell line NMuMG. (2002)

The candidate tumor suppressor p33(ING1) plays an important role in inducinggrowth arrest at G(0)-G(1) phase of the cell cycle and/or promoting apoptosis in cancerous cells. p33(ING1) is reported to act as a transcriptional cofactor by associating with tumor suppressor p53, HAT, or histone deacetyltransferase, suggesting that p33(ING1) is involved in chromatin-mediated transcriptional regulation. However, the molecular mechanism of p33(ING1)-mediated transcriptional regulation is poorly understood. Here we analyzed expression profiles in mouse mammary epithelial cells (NMuMG) by using a cDNA microarray consisting of 2304 mouse cDNAs after inducing transformation with antisense inhibitor of growth 1 (ING1) in retrovirus vector. The subsequent confirmation of the altered expression levels of the selected genes by semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR demonstrated that overexpression of the antisense ING1 stimulated expression of 14 genes, which included cyclin B1, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-inducible sequence 11, proto-oncogene DEK, and osteopontin, whereas we have detected transcriptional repression of 5 genes, including TPT1. In addition, adenovirus-mediated overexpression of ING1 in NMuMG cells resulted in down-regulation of cyclin B1, 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-inducible sequence 11, DEK, and osteopontin, whereas the levels of TPT1 expression were increased. The further analysis using p53(-/-) SAOS2 cells showed that the p33(ING1)-induced cyclin B1 down-regulation was p53 dependent. Thus, our cDNA microarray analysis suggested that p33(ING1) targets the multiple genes, including proto-oncogene DEK and cyclin B1, at least some of which are regulated in a p53-dependent manner, in the cells undergoing cell growth or apoptosis.
Adenovirus Core Protein VII Protects the Viral Genome from a DNA Damage Response at Early Times after Infection (2011)

Adenovirus has a linear, double-stranded DNA genome that is perceived by the cellular Mre11-Rad50-Nbs1 (MRN) DNA repair complex as a double-strand break. If unabated, MRN elicits a double-strand break repair response that blocks viral DNA replication and ligates the viral genomes into concatemers. There are two sets of early viral proteins that inhibit the MRN complex. The E1B-55K/E4-ORF6 complex recruits an E3 ubiquitin ligase and targets MRN proteins for proteasome-dependent degradation. The E4-ORF3 protein inhibits MRN through sequestration. The mechanism that prevents MRN recognition of the viral genome prior to the expression of these early proteins was previously unknown. Here we show a temporal correlation between the loss of viral core protein VII from the adenovirus genome and a gain of checkpoint signaling due to the double-strand break repair response. While checkpoint signaling corresponds to the recognition of the viral genome, core protein VII binding to and checkpoint signaling at viral genomes are largely mutually exclusive. Transcription is known to release protein VII from the genome, and the inhibition of transcription shows a decrease in checkpoint signaling. Finally, we show that the nuclease activity of Mre11 is dispensable for the inhibition of viral DNA replication during a DNA damage response. These results support a model involving the protection of the incoming viral genome from checkpoint signaling by core protein VII and suggest that the induction of an MRN-dependent DNA damage response may inhibit adenovirus replication by physically masking the origins of DNA replication rather than altering their integrity.
Comparison of collection efficiencies of sampling methods for removable beryllium surface contamination (2006)

The primary goal of this study is to compare wet versus dry sampling methods for three different media, (Whatman 41 filter papers, GhostWipes, and SKC Smear Tabs), These media were selected because they are the most commonly used means for the collection of beryllium from contaminated surfaces within the DOE Complex. A range of known concentrations of beryllium was introduced onto a smooth nonporous surface. All three types of media were tested for collection efficiency in both the wet and dry mode and analyzed by inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES).
How Do Women Scientists Perceive Their Own Career Development? (1994)

Examines the applicability of current career theory to women scientists. Data were collected from a group of New Zealand women scientists and interpreted using the Concept Mapping technique which produces a two‐dimensional visual map of the participants′ responses. The results show that the respondents see their own personal attributes and their organizational environment as equally important for their career development. They attribute success to internal qualities and do not perceive significant barriers to their career development from external sources. This finding is in conflict with many studies which show that women experience significant barriers to entry and barriers to participation, especially in professional fields. In the case of the science profession, however, women continue to be such a small minority of the workforce that survival may necessitate their adoption of the male values which inevitably dominate in their workplaces.
CNS Penetration of Intrathecal-Lumbar Idursulfase in the Monkey, Dog and Mouse: Implications for Neurological Outcomes of Lysosomal Storage Disorder (2012)

A major challenge for the treatment of many central nervous system (CNS) disorders is the lack of convenient and effective methods for delivering biological agents to the brain. Mucopolysaccharidosis II (Hunter syndrome) is a rare inherited lysosomal storage disorder resulting from a deficiency of iduronate-2-sulfatase (I2S). I2S is a large, highly glycosylated enzyme. Intravenous administration is not likely to be an effective therapy for disease-related neurological outcomes that require enzyme access to the brain cells, in particular neurons and oligodendrocytes. We demonstrate that intracerebroventricular and lumbar intrathecal administration of recombinant I2S in dogs and nonhuman primates resulted in widespread enzyme distribution in the brain parenchyma, including remarkable deposition in the lysosomes of both neurons and oligodendrocytes. Lumbar intrathecal administration also resulted in enzyme delivery to the spinal cord, whereas little enzyme was detected there after intraventricular administration. Mucopolysaccharidosis II model is available in mice. Lumbar administration of recombinant I2S to enzyme deficient animals reduced the storage of glycosaminoglycans in both superficial and deep brain tissues, with concurrent morphological improvements. The observed patterns of enzyme transport from cerebrospinal fluid to the CNS tissues and the resultant biological activity (a) warrant further investigation of intrathecal delivery of I2S via lumbar catheter as an experimental treatment for the neurological symptoms of Hunter syndrome and (b) may have broader implications for CNS treatment with biopharmaceuticals.
An unfolded protein response is the initial cellular response to the expression of mutant matrilin-3 in a mouse model of multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (2010)

Multiple epiphyseal dysplasia (MED) can result from mutations in matrilin-3, a structural protein of the cartilage extracellular matrix. We have previously shown that in a mouse model of MED the tibia growth plates were normal at birth but developed a progressive dysplasia characterised by the intracellular retention of mutant matrilin-3 and abnormal chondrocyte morphology. By 3 weeks of age, mutant mice displayed a significant decrease in chondrocyte proliferation and dysregulated apoptosis. The aim of this current study was to identify the initial post-natal stages of the disease. We confirmed that the disease phenotype is seen in rib and xiphoid cartilage and, like tibia growth plate cartilage is characterised by the intracellular retention of mutant matrilin-3. Gene expression profiling showed a significant activation of classical unfolded protein response (UPR) genes in mutant chondrocytes at 5 days of age, which was still maintained by 21 days of age. Interestingly, we also noted the upregulation of arginine-rich, mutated in early stage of tumours (ARMET) and cysteine-rich with EGF-like domain protein 2 (CRELD2) are two genes that have only recently been implicated in the UPR. This endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and UPR did not lead to increased chondrocyte apoptosis in mutant cartilage by 5 days of age. In an attempt to alleviate ER stress, mutant mice were fed with a chemical chaperone, 4-sodium phenylbutyrate (SPB). SPB at the dosage used had no effect on chaperone expression at 5 days of age but modestly decreased levels of chaperone proteins at 3 weeks. However, this did not lead to increased secretion of mutant matrilin-3 and in the long term did not improve the disease phenotype. We performed similar studies with a mouse model of Schmid metaphyseal chondrodysplasia, but again this treatment did not improve the phenotype.
Communal Jewish Education in St. Louis (1975)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsIsidore FishDr. Isidore Fish are former directors of the Board of Jewish Education.Louis SchwartzmanDr. Louis Schwartzman are former directors of the Board of Jewish Education.Howard S. GraberDr. Howard M. Graber is Executive Director, Central Agency for Jewish Education, St. Louis, Mo.
Defusing Family Conflicts (1998)

koar, Rosemary RN, MscN; Creces, Lisa RN; Gray, Vicki RN; Wornock, Lorraine RN Author Information
Deep Coevolutionary Network: Embedding User and Item Features for Recommendation (2016)

Recommender systems often use latent features to explain the behaviors of users and capture the properties of items. As users interact with different items over time, user and item features can influence each other, evolve and co-evolve over time. The compatibility of user and item's feature further influence the future interaction between users and items. Recently, point process based models have been proposed in the literature aiming to capture the temporally evolving nature of these latent features. However, these models often make strong parametric assumptions about the evolution process of the user and item latent features, which may not reflect the reality, and has limited power in expressing the complex and nonlinear dynamics underlying these processes. To address these limitations, we propose a novel deep coevolutionary network model (DeepCoevolve), for learning user and item features based on their interaction graph. DeepCoevolve use recurrent neural network (RNN) over evolving networks to define the intensity function in point processes, which allows the model to capture complex mutual influence between users and items, and the feature evolution over time. We also develop an efficient procedure for training the model parameters, and show that the learned models lead to significant improvements in recommendation and activity prediction compared to previous state-of-the-arts parametric models.