gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The identification, characterization, and utilization of the ropy lactic streptococci strains and their extracellular excretion (2010)

Traditional cultured milk products have been a source of beneficial lactic acid bacteria whose potential ls constantly being exploited in health and nutrition by modern scientists. One such source is the Scandinavian ropy sour milk, whose constituent microflora produces a unique extracellular excretion which prevents syneresis and graininess, and produces a thicker, smoother, and creamier product than normal sour milk. The industrial potential of these bacteria lies in that they could be used in modern cultured dairy products instead of the bacterial and plant gum stabilizers, or extra butterfat, which are currently used to alter the rheological properties. However, when grown in pure culture, these bacteria gradually lose their ropy character, indicating culture instability. This research project attempted to provide the basic information needed to control the ropy cultures so that reliable ropiness can be assured, and thus large scale industrial applications be made possible. It described the growth characteristics of four ropy isolates, identified their species, isolated and characterized the viscous material produced by one of the ropy isolates, investigated the antimicrobial activity against the major milk spoilage bacteria, studied the compatibility of one ropy strain with buttermilk starter bacteria, and demonstrated the beneficial contribution to the viscosity of commercial buttermilk by this ropy strain. It was found that of four pure culture ropy isolates, one (LLF) was a ropy variant of S. lactls, previously named S. lactis longi. The remaining three (L416, 701 and 705) were, thus far unnamed, variants of S. cremoris, with a suggested name S. cremoris longi. Very good ropiness was produced in liquid milk, neutralized cheese whey, M 17 medium of Terzaghi and Sandine (1975), and a complex casein digest medium, as well as on tomato juice agar and skim milk agar. The culture instability was found to be due to the serial culture transferring, and due to the prolonged product incubation at growth temperature. The analyses of the viscous material showed that it was composed of 47% total protein, 20% methylpentoses, 9.3% protein-bound hexoses, 2.8% sialic acids, and no hexosamines. The rest of the molecle remains to be identified. The ropy culture L416 was found to be inhibitory to ATCC strains of E. coli, S. aureus, and to P. fluorescens biotype A, while it showed no deleterious effects against the standard bacteria of buttermilk starter. Addition of the ropy culture to the commercial buttermilk starter resulted in significant contribution ([sup α] ≤ 0.05) to the equilibrium apparent viscosity, and the consistency of the product.
Chromatic aberrations of radial gradient-index lenses I Theory (1996)

Chromatic effects of radial gradient-index materials have been analyzed, and several important conclusions have been derived in terms of material dispersion data. The use of Buchdahl dispersion data, both for base glass materials and ion-exchange pairs, provides some simple relationships for chromatic aberration and helps in selecting suitable materials for producing achromatic radial gradient-index lenses.
Catastrophic degradation of GaAlAs DH laser diodes (1978)

The catastrophic degradation of GaAlAs DH laser diodes is examined with the application of pulsed or dc current. The dependence of the pulsewidth on the degradation is measured using samples with or without facet coating. The light output PD at which the catastrophic degradation occurs decreases with an increase in the pulsewidth in the pulsewidth range 100 nsec to 10–50 μsec, and PD is constant over the pulsewidth of 10–50 μsec. The sample with an Al2O3 film coating has the highest PD. Photoluminescence patterns of the active layer in degraded samples both with and without facet coating show the growth of DLD’s in the 〈110〉 direction from the vicinity of a facet in the stripe region.
Expression and mechanism of PinX1 and telomerase activity in the carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelial cells (2013)

Esophageal tissues were collected from an esophageal carcinoma high-risk area of China and were used to detect the telomere length and the expression of human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT) by immuhistochemistry and fluorescence in situ hybridization; esophageal carcinoma tissues, paired-adjacent mucosa and paired normal mucosa were obtained from resected surgical specimens of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in order to determine telomerase activity and expression of hTERT and Pin2/TRF1 interacting protein X1 (PinX1) by telomeric repeat amplification protocol-silver staining, RT-PCR and flow cytometry (FCM). The cell proliferation and apoptosis of Eca109 cells were analyzed by FCM and MTT assay. We found that the length of telomere DNA decreased and hTERT protein expression increased in the carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelial cells; telomerase activity was significantly upregulated followed by a decrease of PinX1 expression in esophageal carcinoma compared with dysplasia and normal patients, which notably correlated with grade and lymph node metastasis. Overexpression of PinX1 inhibited cell growth, arrested cells at the G0/G1 stage and induced cell apoptosis in Eca109 cells. In addition, PinX1 overexpression significantly inhibited telomerase activity. In conclusion, the length shortening of telomere was an important characteristic in the carcinogenesis of esophageal epithelial cells, followed by increase of telomerase activity and downregulation of PinX1. Overexpression of PinX1 blocked Eca109 cell proliferation and induced cell apoptosis by downregulating telomerase activity.
Transfer Learning for Sequence Tagging with Hierarchical Recurrent\n Networks (2017)

Recent papers have shown that neural networks obtain state-of-the-art\nperformance on several different sequence tagging tasks. One appealing property\nof such systems is their generality, as excellent performance can be achieved\nwith a unified architecture and without task-specific feature engineering.\nHowever, it is unclear if such systems can be used for tasks without large\namounts of training data. In this paper we explore the problem of transfer\nlearning for neural sequence taggers, where a source task with plentiful\nannotations (e.g., POS tagging on Penn Treebank) is used to improve performance\non a target task with fewer available annotations (e.g., POS tagging for\nmicroblogs). We examine the effects of transfer learning for deep hierarchical\nrecurrent networks across domains, applications, and languages, and show that\nsignificant improvement can often be obtained. These improvements lead to\nimprovements over the current state-of-the-art on several well-studied tasks.\n
45.1: Touch Panel Embedded IPS‐LCD with Parasitic Current Reduction Technique (2010)

Abstract A capacitive‐type touch‐panel‐embedded IPS‐LCD is realized by novel parasitic current reduction technique (PCR). The PCR removes 90% of the current flowing through the parasitic capacitance on a capacitive sensor (ITO layer) formed on a color filter substrate. Since the IPS‐LCD has the same structure as commercial products, it features no reduction in aperture ratio.
Technologies for low temperature carburising and nitriding of austenitic stainless steel (2008)

Low temperature nitriding and carburising are surface thermochemical processes capable of providing considerable improvement in the wear, friction and antiseizure properties of austenitic stainless steels without loss of corrosion resistance. These treatments are all the more beneficial when processing of finished parts can be achieved at sufficiently low temperature not to induce distortion, thereby avoiding the need for a further final heat treatment. Hardening is achieved through the formation of a diffusion layer exhibiting compressive stresses. Controlled treatment parameters are applied to preclude the precipitation of nitrides or chromium carbides, thus preserving the oxidation and corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steels. The principles of those treatments in most common industrial use, their implementation and examples of their application are presented.
Electrolytic Etching of Dense Tantalum (1961)

A practical method of etching dense tantalum for the purpose of magnifying its effective surface area is described. The degree of surface area magnification is related to such parameters as electrolyte composition, anodic current density, temperature, and characteristics of metal specimens to be treated. The decrease in surface area magnification as a function of postetch anodizing voltage apparently signifies the filling in of certain etch pits with tantalum oxide and gives a clue to the size of these pits.
Differetiation of the spoilage yeast Zygosaccharomyces bailii from other Zygosaccharomyces species using 18S rDNA as target for a non-radioactive ligase detection reaction (1994)

A non-radioactive PCR coupled ligase detection reaction was developed to discriminate the food spoilage yeasts Zygosaccharomyces bailii and Z. bisporus from each other and from other members of the genus. A short region of the 18S rRNA gene was amplified from boiled cell lysates and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products used as target in the template directed ligation of two adjacent oligonucleotides. Ligated products were captured using biotin-streptavidin chemistry and detected using digoxigenin immuno-chemiluminescence. The ligase detection reaction was able to discriminate to the species level, targeting a single base deletion. The specificity of the reaction was assessed using seven species of the genus Zygosaccharomyces. Only strains of Z. bailii and Z. bisporus gave positive results with their respective primer sets. The lower detection limit of the strategy was 10pg (3 x 10(7) targets) of amplified product.
Verification algorithms for governed use of multimedia content (2007)

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present different verification algorithms that will be used by digital rights management (DRM) systems to enable the governed distribution, super‐distribution and offers of multimedia content. An issue of increased interest in DRM systems is the control of the creation, distribution and consumption of multimedia content through the complete digital value chain.
Targeting the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier attenuates fibrosis in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (2016)

Collectively, these data demonstrate the effectiveness of MSDC-0602 for attenuating NASH in a rodent model and suggest that targeting hepatic MPC2 may be an effective strategy for pharmacologic development. (Hepatology 2017;65:1543-1556).
Correlation of the Damping Capacity of Cast Iron with its Mechanical Properties and Microstructure (1973)

Cast irons were produced with variations in quantity and shape of the free graphite inclusions and in matrix structure in order to determine their effect on the damping and dynamic modulus characteristics in both shear and direct loading conditions. Static mechanical behaviour, represented by the strength, the ductility, the initial modulus and the 0·1 per cent proof stress was obtained in shear and in tension. A significant improvement in mechanical properties could be obtained for a given damping capacity by ensuring that the matrix was pearlitic and not ferritic. Otherwise, high damping could only be obtained at the expense of the mechanical properties and vice versa.
Characterisation of ACTH Peptides in Human Skin and Their Activation of the Melanocortin‐1 Receptor (1997)

Alpha-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) is a proopiomelanocortin (POMC)-derived peptide, which is produced in the pituitary and at other sites including the skin. It has numerous effects and in the skin has a pigmentary action through the activation of the melanocortin-1 (MC-1) receptor, which is expressed by melanocytes. Recent evidence suggests that the related POMC peptides such as adrenocorticotrophin (ACTH), which is the precursor of alpha-MSH, is also an agonist at the MC-1 receptor. By using immunocytochemistry, we confirmed the presence of alpha-MSH in human skin where staining was evident in keratinocytes and especially strong in melanocytes and possibly Langerhans cells. ACTH was also present and tended to show the strongest reaction in differentiated keratinocytes. Immunostaining was also observed for the prohormone convertases, PC1 and PC2, which are involved in the formation of ACTH and its cleavage to alpha-MSH, respectively. The amounts of immunoreactive ACTH exceeded those of alpha-MSH. Using HPLC we identified for the first time the presence of ACTH1-39, ACTH1-17, ACTH1-10, acetylated ACTH1-10, alpha-MSH, and desacetyl alpha-MSH in epidermis and in cultured keratinocytes. The ability of these peptides to activate the human MC-1 receptor was examined in HEK 293 cells that had been transfected with the receptor. All peptides increased adenylate cyclase in these cells with the following order of potency: ACTH1-17 > alpha-MSH > ACTH1-39 > desacetyl alpha-MSH > acetylated ACTH1-10 > ACTH1-10. ACTH1-17 also increased the dendricity and melanin content of cultured human melanocytes indicating that the peptide was able to activate MC-1 receptors when present in their normal location. However, as found with alpha-MSH, not all cultures were responsive and, as we have previously suggested, we suspect that this was the result of changes at the MC-1 receptor. Nevertheless, it would appear that ACTH peptides can serve as natural ligands of the MC-1 receptor on human melanocytes and their presence in the skin suggests that, together with alpha-MSH, they may have a role in the regulation of human melanocytes.
Mixed-Culture Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Molecular Basis of Mixed-Culture Growth in <i>Streptococcus thermophilus</i> and <i>Lactobacillus bulgaricus</i> (2010)

Many food fermentations are performed using mixed cultures of lactic acid bacteria. Interactions between strains are of key importance for the performance of these fermentations. Yogurt fermentation by Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus (basonym, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus) is one of the best-described mixed-culture fermentations. These species are believed to stimulate each other's growth by the exchange of metabolites such as folic acid and carbon dioxide. Recently, postgenomic studies revealed that an upregulation of biosynthesis pathways for nucleotides and sulfur-containing amino acids is part of the global physiological response to mixed-culture growth in S. thermophilus, but an in-depth molecular analysis of mixed-culture growth of both strains remains to be established. We report here the application of mixed-culture transcriptome profiling and a systematic analysis of the effect of interaction-related compounds on growth, which allowed us to unravel the molecular responses associated with batch mixed-culture growth in milk of S. thermophilus CNRZ1066 and L. bulgaricus ATCC BAA-365. The results indicate that interactions between these bacteria are primarily related to purine, amino acid, and long-chain fatty acid metabolism. The results support a model in which formic acid, folic acid, and fatty acids are provided by S. thermophilus. Proteolysis by L. bulgaricus supplies both strains with amino acids but is insufficient to meet the biosynthetic demands for sulfur and branched-chain amino acids, as becomes clear from the upregulation of genes associated with these amino acids in mixed culture. Moreover, genes involved in iron uptake in S. thermophilus are affected by mixed-culture growth, and genes coding for exopolysaccharide production were upregulated in both organisms in mixed culture compared to monocultures. The confirmation of previously identified responses in S. thermophilus using a different strain combination demonstrates their generic value. In addition, the postgenomic analysis of the responses of L. bulgaricus to mixed-culture growth allows a deeper understanding of the ecology and interactions of this important industrial food fermentation process.
The Use of an On-Board MV Imager for Plan Verification of Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy and Volumetrically Modulated Arc Therapy. (2013)

The introduction of complex treatment modalities such
as IMRT and VMAT has led to the development of many devices for
plan verification. One such innovation in this field is the
repurposing of the portal imager to not only be used for tumor
localization but for recording dose distributions as well. Several
advantages make portal imagers attractive options for this purpose.
Very high spatial resolution allows for better verification of
small field plans than may be possible with commercially available
devices. Because the portal imager is attached to the gantry set up
is simpler than any other method available, requiring no additional
accessories, and often can be accomplished from outside the
treatment room. Dose images capture by the portal imager are in
digital format make permanent records that can be analyzed
immediately. Portal imaging suffers from a few limitations however
that must be overcome. Images captured contain dose information and
a calibration must be maintained for image to dose conversion. Dose
images can only be taken perpendicular to the treatment beam
allowing only for planar dose comparison. Planar dose files are
themself difficult to obtain for VMAT treatments and an in-house
script had to be developed to create such a file before analysis
could be performed. Using the methods described in this study,
excellent agreement between planar dose files generated and dose
images taken were found. The average agreement for IMRT field
analyzed being greater than 97% for non-normalized images at 3mm
and 3%. Comparable agreement for VAMT plans was found as well with
the average agreement being greater than 98%.
Residue number systems: a key to parallelism in public key cryptography (2003)

Public key cryptography and parallel algorithms are considered. Special attention is paid to algorithms using long integer modulo arithmetic. A modification of the commonly known RSA algorithm is taken as a candidate. So far all implementations have been more or less sequential in the sense that no partitions of a long integer among various processing elements have been performed. The proposed approach allows the use of a dedicated processor for each group of about 30 to 50 bits of a long integer. Efficiency is primarily gained when special-purpose processors are used. In this regard this work is the basis of a VLSI approach to a multiprocessor-based cryptographic design with 15 to 100 processors involved.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Role of Cloudlets in Hostile Environments (2013)

The convergence of mobile computing and cloud computing is predicated on a reliable, high-bandwidth end-to-end network. This basic requirement is hard to guarantee in hostile environments such as military operations and disaster recovery. In this article, the authors examine how VM-based cloudlets that are located in close proximity to associated mobile devices can overcome this challenge. This article is part of a special issue on the edge of the cloud.
Blind Optical Modulation Format Identification From Physical Layer Characteristics (2014)

We describe and experimentally demonstrate automated identification of optical modulation formats exclusively from physical-layer signal characteristics. The system identifies the data encoding as on-off keyed versus binary or quadrature phase-shift keyed, as well as auxiliary modulation profiles. The symbol clock rate and optimal dispersion compensation are also determined. We have validated this system with over 1500 test cases. These are enabling functionalities for a universal optical receiver and for a cognitive optical network architecture that optimizes utilization of available optical bandwidth. We demonstrate the capabilities of the system using a wavelength division multiplexed signal consisting of 19 channels, with multiple modulation formats and widely varying dispersions, signal strengths, and optical signal-to-noise ratios.
Thalidomide for treatment of graft-versus-host disease. (1988)

We have used thalidomide in a rat major MHC mismatch model of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). When given prophylactically, most animals do not develop GVHD and those developing mild GVHD respond to continued therapy. Treatment of established acute GVHD, likewise, was successful. In both prophylactic and therapeutic administration, animals did not develop GVHD after drug cessation. Animals were shown to be stable chimeras by acceptance of donor strain skin grafts and mixed lymphocyte cultures (no response to donor or recipient strain while responding to third party strain). Treatment of chronic GVHD in this model has shown thalidomide to be better tolerated and more successful than cyclosporine (CSA) or prednisone plus azathioprine. The mechanism of action of thalidomide has been explored using a fluorescent thalidomide derivative. These studies have shown striking similarities between thalidomide and CSA. Both drugs appear to allow the development of antigen specific suppressor cells while inhibiting the development of precursor cytotoxic cells. Because of these encouraging results, we have begun a phase I/II trial of thalidomide in refractory GVHD. The preliminary results are encouraging.
Cdr2, a target antigen of naturally occuring human tumor immunity, is widely expressed in gynecological tumors. (2000)

The paraneoplastic neurological disorders provide perhaps the best known example of naturally occurring tumor immunity in humans. For example, patients with paraneoplastic cerebellar degeneration (PCD) appear to suppress the growth of occult breast or ovarian tumors that express a neuronal antigen termed cdr2. PCD patients harbor cdr2-specific CTLs in their peripheral blood, and these cells are likely mediators of the tumor suppression. Whereas cdr2 therefore appears to be the target of an effective immune response in patients with PCD, the general relevance to cancer patients has been unclear, due in part to reports indicating that cdr2 is not expressed in tumors obtained from neurologically normal patients. We have reexamined this question, and we find that cdr2 is widely expressed in such tumors, indicating that cdr2 is in fact an important tumor antigen in the general population of breast and ovarian cancer patients.
DNA-binding domain of the RepE initiator protein of mini-F plasmid: involvement of the carboxyl-terminal region (1995)

The RepE initiator protein (251 residues) is essential for mini-F replication in Escherichia coli and exhibits two major functions: initiation of DNA replication from ori2 and autogenous repression of repE transcription. Whereas the initiation is mediated by RepE monomers that bind to the ori2 iterons (direct repeats), the autogenous repression is mediated by dimers that bind to the repE operator, which contains an inverted repeat sequence related to the iterons. We now report that the binding of RepE to these DNA sites is primarily determined by the C-terminal region of this protein. The mutant RepE proteins lacking either the N-terminal 33 (or more) residues or the C-terminal 7 (or more) residues were first shown to be defective in binding to both the ori2 and the operator DNAs. However, direct screening and analysis of mutant RepEs which are specifically affected in binding to the ori2 iterons revealed that the mutations (mostly amino acid substitutions) occur exclusively in the C-terminal region (residues 168 to 242). These mutant proteins exhibited reduced binding to ori2 and no detectable binding to the operator. Thus, whereas truncation of either end of RepE can destroy the DNA-binding activities, the C-terminal region appears to represent a primary DNA-binding domain of RepE for both ori2 and the operator. Analogous DNA-binding domains seem to be conserved among the initiator proteins of certain related plasmids.