gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nuevas técnicas de aprendizaje aplicadas en el ámbito de la enseñanza del derecho: el trabajo en grupo como parte del aprendizaje colaborativo (2011)

espanolEl estudio que a continuacion se detalla trata de mostrar al lector las conclusiones a las que los propios estudiantes llegan, teniendo en cuenta la utilizacion de diversas tecnicas de aprendizaje, diferentes de aquellas otras utilizadas tradicionalmente en el aula, como es, por ejemplo, la leccion magistral. Se trata de poner de manifiesto las ventajas que la aplicacion del trabajo en grupo tiene con respecto a esas metodologias tradicionales, por lo que al aprendizaje del alumno se refiere, pues este aprendizaje cristaliza en mayor y en mejor medida en cuanto que el alumno esta mas centrado y mas comprometido con el trabajo que desarrolla. francaisL'etude detaillee ci-dessous est de montrer au lecteur les conclusions auxquelles parviennent les eleves eux-memes, en tenant compte de l'utilisation de differentes techniques d'apprentissage, differentes de celles traditionnellement utilisees en classe, telles que, par exemple, conference. Il s'agit de mettre en evidence les avantages de la pratique du travail en groupe, comparee a celle des methodes traditionnelles, de sorte que l'apprentissage des eleves est preoccupe, parce que cette formation se cristallise d�autant plus des que l'eleve est plus cible et plus engage dans le travail qu�il fait.
Recent advances in the understanding and management of IgA nephropathy (2016)

Since its first description in 1968, IgA nephropathy has remained the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis leading to chronic kidney disease in developed countries. The clinical progression varies, and consequent end-stage renal disease occurs in 30% to 40% of patients 20 to 30 years after the first clinical presentation. Current data implicate overproduction of aberrantly glycosylated IgA1 as being pivotal in the induction of renal injury. Effective and specific treatment is still lacking, and new therapeutic approaches will be developed after better understanding the disease pathogenesis.
Substrate Flux into Biofilms of any Thickness (1981)

A kinetic model is developed for determining substrate flux into biofilms with known thicknesses, even though the thickness may be of nonsteady state. The critical contribution of this model is that mass transport resistance is explicity included in order that the flux becomes a direct function of the bulk substrate concentration. Laboratory-scale, column reactors were utilized to culture steady-state biofilms of known thicknesses. Subsequently, the influent flow rate or substrate concentration was changed to determine the short-term kinetics of substrate utilization of biofilms of known thicknesses. The model successfully predicted the column performance, except for cases in which oxygen depletion caused dual-substrate limitation. Removal of substrate to very low levels was only possible during short-term experiments when the biofilm was in net decay.
Tissue Engineering Skeletal Muscle for Orthopaedic Applications (2002)

With current technology, tissue-engineered skeletal muscle analogues (bioartificial muscles) generate too little active force to be clinically useful in orthopaedic applications. They have been engineered genetically with numerous transgenes (growth hormone, insulinlike growth factor-1, erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor), and have been shown to deliver these therapeutic proteins either locally or systemically for months in vivo. Bone morphogenetic proteins belonging to the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily are osteoinductive molecules that drive the differentiation pathway of mesenchymal cells toward the chondroblastic or osteoblastic lineage, and stimulate bone formation in vivo. To determine whether skeletal muscle cells endogenously expressing bone morphogenetic proteins might serve as a vehicle for systemic bone morphogenetic protein delivery in vivo, proliferating skeletal myoblasts (C2C12) were transduced with a replication defective retrovirus containing the gene for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-6 (C2BMP-6). The C2BMP-6 cells constitutively expressed recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-6 and synthesized bioactive recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-6, based on increased alkaline phosphatase activity in coincubated mesenchymal cells. C2BMP-6 cells did not secrete soluble, bioactive recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-6, but retained the bioactivity in the cell layer. Therefore, genetically-engineered skeletal muscle cells might serve as a platform for long-term delivery of osteoinductive bone morphogenetic proteins locally.
Identification of avidin and streptavidin binding motifs among peptides selected from a synthetic peptide library consisting solely of <scp>D</scp>‐amino acids (1995)

Peptides consisting solely of D-amino acids (D-peptides) as opposed to their L-counterparts (L-peptides) are resistant towards proteolytic degradation in the organism and may therefore be useful in future efforts to develop new stable peptide-based drugs. Using the random synthetic peptide library technique several L- and D-peptides, capable of binding to both avidin and streptavidin, were found. The L-peptides contained the previously described HPQ/M motifs, and among the D-peptides three binding motifs could be identified, of which the most frequently found one contained an N-terminal aliphatic hydrophobic amino acid (V, L or I) and an aromatic amino acid (Y or F) on the second position. At the third position in this motif several different amino acid residues were found, although N was the most frequent. Peptides representing two of the D-motifs were synthesized as well as peptides containing the HPQ/M motifs, and their binding properties were examined. Although the D-peptides were originally selected using avidin they also inhibited binding between immobilized biotin and soluble streptavidin as well as avidin. The IC50 of some of the peptides were approximately 10(5) times higher than the IC50 for biotin but some had a lower IC50 than iminobiotin. The D-peptides, which were originally selected from the library using avidin, could also inhibit the binding between streptavidin and biotin. Likewise, L-peptides selected from a library screened with streptavidin, could inhibit the binding of both streptavidin and avidin to immobilized biotin. Furthermore, the D-peptide, VFSVQSGS, as well as biotin could inhibit binding of streptavidin to an immobilized L-peptide (RYHPQSGS). This indicates that the biotin-like structure mimicked by these two seemingly very different peptides may react with the same binding sites in the streptavidin molecule.
Maximum-Likelihood Soft Decision Decoding of Bch Codes (2005)

The problem of efficient maximum-likelihood soft decision decoding of binary BCH codes is considered. It is known that those primitive BCH codes whose designed distance is one less than a power of two, contain subcodes of high dimension which consist of a direct sum of several identical codes. We show that the same kind of direct-sum structure exists in all the primitive BCH codes, as well as in the BCH codes of composite block length. We also introduce a related structure termed the "concurring-sum", and then establish its existence in the primitive binary BCH codes. Both structures are employed to upper bound the number of states in the proper minimal trellis of BCH codes, and develop efficient algorithms for maximum-likelihood soft decision decoding of these codes.
Observation of spectral power exchange in fiber Bragg grating stabilized 980 nm pump lasers (2002)

External wavelength stabilization of high power 980 nm pump lasers is observed to cause an exchange of power between amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) and stimulated emission (SE) over the operating range of the device. This effect is difficult to detect in the fiber coupled power versus drive current (L-I) characteristic because the variations in ASE and SE tend to compensate one another, resulting in a nearly linear relationship between output power and drive current. This phenomenon becomes evident when the output is separated spectrally into ASE and SE components, and is also evident in the rear facet monitor signal. The exchange between ASE and SE is attributed to an alteration of the gain/feedback relationship caused by a shift of the laser diode cavity modes relative to the Bragg grating wavelength as the drive current is changed.
Medios agresivos en el espacio (1990)

Haptic cues delivered via wearable devices have great potential to enhance a user's experience by transmitting task information and touch sensations in domains such as virtual reality, teleoperation, and prosthetics. Much is still unknown on how haptic perception, and consequently optimal haptic cue design, varies between individuals. In this work we present three contributions. First, we propose a new metric, the Allowable Stimulus Range (ASR), as a way to capture subject-specific magnitudes for a given cue, using the method of adjustments and the staircase method. Second, we present a modular, grounded, 2-DOF, haptic testbed designed to conduct psychophysical experiments in multiple control schemes and with rapidly-interchangeable haptic interfaces. Third, we demonstrate an application of the testbed and our ASR metric, together with just noticeable differences (JND) measurements, to compare perception of haptic cues delivered via position or force control schemes. Our findings show that users demonstrate higher perceptual resolution in the position-control case, though survey results suggest that force-controlled haptic cues are more comfortable. The results of this work outline a framework to define perceptible and comfortable cue magnitudes for an individual, providing the groundwork to understand haptic variability, and compare the effectiveness of different types of haptic cues.
Complications of venepuncture (2013)

Venepuncture is the commonest procedure performed in health care settings. A review of literature and search on complications of venepuncture and blood collection. This procedure is without complications, which sometime can be fatal. Complications that can arise from venepuncture include haematoma formation, nerve damage, pain, haemaconcentration, extravasation, iatrogenic anaemia, arterial puncture, petechiae, allergies, fear and phobia, infection, syncope and fainting, excessive bleeding, edema and thrombus.
Arsine toxicity aboard the Asiafreighter. (1975)

Eight sailors on board the Asiafreighter were exposed to arsine that had escaped from a cylinder in the cargo hold. Four suffered severe toxicity and within a few hours had developed fever, weakness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, abdominal pain, and haemoglobinuria. These patients had pronounced intravascular haemolysis, which in one patient was complete. This patient was also stuporose and anoxic, a condition attributed to failure of oxygen transport and sludging of red cell debris in the cerebral and pulmonary circulations, but he regained a normal level of consciousness after exchange transfusion. Evidence of marrow depression was present: the reticulocyte response to the haemolysis was poor and there was a thrombocytopenia. All four patients developed renal failure, one being totally anuric for five weeks. Two patients developed peripheral neuropathy, and one was still severely disabled six months after the incident. The other four patients had a similar, though less severe, illness.
Effects of superheated steam on Geobacillus stearothermophilus spore viability (2007)

There is a need for technologies that require short thermal processing times to eliminate bacterial spores in foods. The SS processing technique has the potential to reduce microbial load and to modify food texture with less energy in comparison to commonly used hot air treatment. This work provides information on the effect of SS processing parameters on the viability of G. stearothermophilus spores.
The Accurate Measurement of Range by the Use of Microwave Delay Line Techniques (2005)

A novel scheme combining microwave-distributed network techniques and low frequency digital technology to make time duration measurements (i.e., range to a target) with an accuracy previously only obtainable using GHz counters is presented.
<title>Terfenol-D-driven flaps for helicopter vibration reduction</title> (1993)

The utility of helicopter aviation is limited by the high vibration levels caused by interaction of each rotor blade with the wake of preceding blades. Existing full blade actuation using a swashplate has various problems such as insufficient bandwidth, limitations in the number of harmonics controlled, high maintenance, and lack of spanwise lift variation. These problems are avoided by the proposed flap operated, individual blade control system, which uses magnetostrictive actuation technology. Terfenol-D actuation has many advantages over competing technologies such as hydraulic systems, electric motors, and piezoelectric elements. These benefits include all-electric operation, simplicity and reliability, low mass, low voltage, and insensitivity to centripetal acceleration.
Network imprecision: a new consistency metric for scalable monitoring (2008)

This paper introduces a new consistency metric, Network Imprecision (NI), to address a central challenge in largescale monitoring systems: safeguarding accuracy despite node and network failures. To implement NI, an overlay that monitors a set of attributes also monitors its own state so that queries return not only attribute values but also information about the stability of the overlay--the number of nodes whose recent updates may be missing and the number of nodes whose inputs may be double counted due to overlay reconfigurations. When NI indicates that the network is stable, query results are guaranteed to reflect the true state of the system. But when the network is unstable, NI puts applications on notice that query results should not be trusted, allowing them to take corrective action such as filtering out inconsistent results. To scalably implement NI's introspection, our prototype introduces a key optimization, dual-tree prefix aggregation, which exploits overlay symmetry to reduce overheads by more than an order of magnitude. Evaluation of three monitoring applications demonstrates that NI flags inaccurate results while incurring low overheads, and monitoring applications that use NI to select good information can improve their accuracy by up to an order of magnitude.
Fault-type identification and fault estimation of the active steering system of an electric vehicle in normal driving conditions (2017)

Fault-type identification and fault estimation for the active steering system of a vehicle are considered in this paper. The vehicle studied is an electric ground vehicle, which operates mainly under normal driving conditions. First, a two-degree-of-freedom dynamic model of the lateral motion and the yaw motion of the vehicle is established and verified by experimental data. Then, an adaptive observer is proposed to estimate the steering motor fault by using measurements of the yaw rate of the vehicle. Residuals are defined for specific fault-type identification purposes. Experimental tests on the electric ground vehicle are carried out to assess the fault identification and estimation performance as well as to reveal the limitations of and possible improvement in the proposed method.
FlexWAFE - a high-end real-time stream processing library for FPGAs (2007)

Digital film processing is characterized by a resolution of at least 2K (2048x1536 pixels per frame at 30 bit/pixel and 24 pictures/s, data rate of 2.2 Gbit/s); higher resolutions of 4K (8.8 Gbit/s) and even 8K (35.2 Gbit/s) are on their way. Real-time processing at this data rate is beyond the scope of today's standard and DSP processors, and ASICs are not economically viable due to the small market volume.
Three-color immunofluorescence histochemistry allowing triple labeling within a single section. (1988)

We describe a procedure for simultaneous immunohistochemical localization of three different neuropeptides, neurotransmitters, or neurotransmitter enzymes within one and the same tissue section and present a number of examples of its application within the brain and periphery. Primary antibodies from three different species were bound to three different neurochemical substances within the same section and were then reacted with three appropriate species-specific antisera conjugated with fluorescein, rhodamine/Texas red, or biotin. The biotinylated secondary antiserum was subsequently reacted with diethylaminocoumarin (DAMC) conjugated to avidin. This combination resulted in green, red, and blue fluorescent labeling of each antigen, respectively. Each fluorescent marker was viewed and photographed discretely using appropriate excitation and suppression filter combinations. The method is well suited for analyzing instances of multiple coexistence at both the level of the cell soma and within terminal regions. More broadly, the feasibility of three-color immunofluorescence histochemistry extends the range with which antigen localization can be used to investigate the morphological bases of relationships and interactions between immunohistochemically characterized neuronal elements.
Parameterisation of observers for timedelay systemsand its application in observer design (1996)

The paper addresses the design of observers for systems with time delay. A factorisation approach is used to parameterise all observers for such systems. The necessary and sufficient condition of existence for observers is obtained. Based on the results in the parameterisation of observers, the estimation error dynamics is also parametrised. A design example is given to illustrate the proposed parameterisation procedure.
Leukotriene D: a slow reacting substance from rat basophilic leukemia cells. (1980)

A slow reacting substance produced by rat basophilic leukemia cells, treated with ionophore A23187, was characterized by spectroscopic methods, enzymatic conversions, and chemical degradations as 5-hydroxy-6-S-cysteinylglycyl 7,9,11,14-eicosatetraenoic acid (leukotriene D). gamma-Glutamyltranspeptidase [gamma-glutamyltransferase; (5-glutamyl)-peptide: amino-acid 5-glutamyltransferase, EC 2.3.2.2] converted leukotriene C to a product identical to leukotriene D. This suggests that the stereochemistry of the arachidonyl moiety of leukotrienes C and D is the same [5(S)-6(R)-7,9-trans-11,14-cis]. Leukotriene D induces a faster contraction and, on a molar basis, is more potent than leukotriene C in the isolated guinea pig ileum bioassay.
Evidence for the independent familial transmission of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and learning disabilities: results from a family genetic study (1993)

The two disorders are transmitted independently in families, and their co-occurrence may be due to nonrandom mating. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is likely to be etiologically independent from learning disabilities.
Effects of Extracellular Slime Produced by Staphylococcus epidermidis on Oxidative Responses of Rabbit Alveolar Macrophages (1989)

Bacterial slime produced in mass cultures of the RP 12 strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis was extracted with 4 M guanidine-HCl plus 0.05 M sodium acetate and 0.5% CHAPS, concentrated, dialyzed, and subjected to separation on DEAE sephacel columns. Three fractions, I-2A, I-2B, and I-4, were eluted with linear gradients of NaCl. Fractions I-2A and I-2B were alcian blue positive, whereas I-4 was alcian blue negative but the most electronegative fraction. The crude polysaccharide fraction and the three purified fractions were incubated individually for 2.5 or 20 h with normal rabbit alveolar macrophages (AM) to determine their effect on a subsequent PMA-induced oxidative burst. The crude fraction (50-200 micrograms/mL) and I-2B (50-200 micrograms/mL) primed the AM to give approximately a threefold increase in the PMA-induced burst after 2.5 h incubation. In contrast, a 20-h incubation resulted in a 30-40% inhibition of the PMA-induced burst with AM incubated with the same concentrations of the crude, I-2A, or I-2B fractions. Fraction I-4 had no detectable effect. The fractions also were tested to determine if they could elicit an oxidative burst in BCG-immune AM. None of the fractions (up to 500 micrograms/mL) elicited a significant oxidative burst even though BCG-immune AM yielded a PMA-induced burst 100 times that observed with normal resident AM. These data suggest that slime from S. epidermidis can impair the PMA-induced oxidative burst of normal AM during a 20-h incubation period and could explain in part why host defenses are compromised by slime-producing S. epidermidis.
Furfuralcohol Co-Polymerized Urea Formaldehyde Resin-derived N-Doped Microporous Carbon for CO2 Capture (2015)

Carbon-based adsorbent is considered to be one of the most promising adsorbents for CO2 capture form flue gases. In this study, a series of N-doped microporous carbon materials were synthesized from low cost and widely available urea formaldehyde resin co-polymerized with furfuralcohol. These N-doped microporous carbons showed tunable surface area in the range of 416-2273 m(2) g(-1) with narrow pore size distribution within less than 1 nm and a high density of the basic N functional groups (2.93-13.92 %). Compared with the carbon obtained from urea resin, the addition of furfuralcohol apparently changed the surface chemical composition and pore size distribution, especially ultramicropores as can be deduced from the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), and pore size distribution measurements and led to remarkable improvement on CO2 adsorption capacity. At 1 atm, N-doped carbons activated at 600 °C with KOH/UFFC weight ratio of 2 (UFFA-2-600) showed the highest CO2 uptake of 3.76 and 1.57 mmol g(-1) at 25 and 75 °C, respectively.
Circular-Disk Viscometer and Related Electrostatic Problems (1970)

The method of matched asymptotic expansions is applied to the problem of determining the azimuthal velocity field due to the opposing slow rotations of a pair of thin coaxial disks in a homogeneous, incompressible, viscous fluid. An asymptotic expansion for the velocity field, which is uniformly valid as the ratio ε of the separation between the disks to the disk diameter approaches zero, is given and integrated to obtain an asymptotic expansion for the turning moment which contains the full second approximation including terms of the orders ε log2ε, ε logε, and ε. Corresponding results are given for the electrostatic condenser. The plane counterparts of the circular-disk viscometer and condenser are also considered.
Nanocomposite Gels: New Advanced Functional Soft Materials (2007)

Abstract Summary: Nanocomposite gels (NC gels) consisting of poly(N‐alkylacrylamides) and exfoliated inorganic clay were prepared by in‐situ, free‐radical polymerization at high yield under mild conditions (near ambient temperature, without stirring). Various shapes and different surface forms of NC gels were readily obtained using corresponding vessels and templates, since NC gels were always mechanically tough. The view that polymer/clay networks are formed in NC gels was supported by dynamic viscoelastic and swelling measurements. The entirely different mechanical properties of NC gels, compared with conventional, chemically‐crosslinked hydrogels (OR gels), are discussed on the basis of their network structure. In addition to functions previously reported, NC gels exhibit further interesting characteristics, such as inherent incombustibility, good thermal conductivity, large heat capacity, they can be readily colored and fabricated as foams. NC gels can be utilized as environmentally‐friendly, soft materials from the viewpoints of resources and waste, as their primary component is water.