gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Seizure control by decanoic acid through direct AMPA receptor inhibition (2015)

The medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet is an established treatment for drug-resistant epilepsy that increases plasma levels of decanoic acid and ketones. Recently, decanoic acid has been shown to provide seizure control in vivo, yet its mechanism of action remains unclear. Here we show that decanoic acid, but not the ketones β-hydroxybutryate or acetone, shows antiseizure activity in two acute ex vivo rat hippocampal slice models of epileptiform activity. To search for a mechanism of decanoic acid, we show it has a strong inhibitory effect on excitatory, but not inhibitory, neurotransmission in hippocampal slices. Using heterologous expression of excitatory ionotropic glutamate receptor AMPA subunits in Xenopus oocytes, we show that this effect is through direct AMPA receptor inhibition, a target shared by a recently introduced epilepsy treatment perampanel. Decanoic acid acts as a non-competitive antagonist at therapeutically relevant concentrations, in a voltage- and subunit-dependent manner, and this is sufficient to explain its antiseizure effects. This inhibitory effect is likely to be caused by binding to sites on the M3 helix of the AMPA-GluA2 transmembrane domain; independent from the binding site of perampanel. Together our results indicate that the direct inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission by decanoic acid in the brain contributes to the anti-convulsant effect of the medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet.
An Entropy Stress Study of Various Textile Fibers (1960)

A stress-strain study has been made of various fibers to determine their entropy force behavior at room temperature. The relative importance of the entropy and internal energy forces is shown with some illustrations of the use of these quantities in under standing the fine structure of polymers. Details are presented to show the effects of extension and godet stretch on some samples.
Synthesis of Vancomycin from the Aglycon (1999)

Vancomycin-resistant bacterial strains pose a serious threat to human health. Efforts to overcome vancomycin resistance by modifying the natural product have shown that the carbohydrates help modulate biological activity. To explore the mechanisms by which the carbohydrates function, it would be useful to have access to vancomycin derivatives containing different disaccharides. We now describe the synthesis of vancomycin from a readily available protected aglycon. This chemistry lays the groundwork for wide-ranging investigations of the roles of the carbohydrates in the biological activity of vancomycin. Moreover, in developing methods to glycosylate vancomcyin, we have extended the utility of the sulfoxide glycosylation reaction considerably by making it possible to use unhindered esters as neighboring groups. The chemistry we describe may also have implications for how to improve some other glycosylation methods.
A robot system for evaluating plaque removal efficiency of toothbrushes in vitro. (1997)

A robot system simulating three-dimensional brushing motions as a function of time has been developed. In association with a typodont and either artificial plaque or chromogenic stain, the robot system can be used to assess the plaque removal efficiency or the cleaning effectiveness of toothbrushes. In particular, the influence of different brush head designs of powered toothbrushes was examined. The study compared the plaque removal efficiency of a cup-shaped brush head (Braun Oral-B EB 5) and a modified brush head (Braun Oral-B EB 9) that incorporates longer filaments on the outer ring, designed for additional interdental penetration. A specially designed artificial plaque was applied to the plastic teeth of typodonts. Artificial teeth were cleaned by the robot system for a 2-minute period with a wet brush head without a dentifrice. The remaining plaque was assessed visually by two independent examiners, with a modification of the global Plaque Index. In comparison to the EB 5, the new brush head significantly reduced artificial plaque overall. In vitro data demonstrated the ability of the robot system to reveal reproducible significant differences of the cleaning effectiveness of powered toothbrushes.
Clinical Applications of Capsular Tension Rings in Cataract Surgery (2002)

The potential benefits of capsular edge ring implantation in pediatric cataract surgery cases are explored.
Coercivity enhancement driven by interfacial magnetic phase separation in SrTiO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(001)/Nd<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>Sr<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>0</mml:mn><mml:mo>.</mml:mo><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>CoO<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2011)

Thin-film perovskite cobaltites have been found to exhibit coercivity values enhanced by almost 2 orders of magnitude in comparison to bulk. In this paper, we have investigated this unexplained coercivity enhancement in detail, focusing on epitaxial SrTiO${}_{3}$(001)/Nd${}_{0.5}$Sr${}_{0.5}$CoO${}_{3}$ [SrTiO${}_{3}=\mathrm{STO}$] films, which display coercivity values up to 40 kOe at low temperatures. Thickness-dependent (10--800 \AA{}) magnetometry and magnetotransport studies demonstrate that nanoscopic magnetic phase separation occurs in the interface region of Nd${}_{0.5}$Sr${}_{0.5}$CoO${}_{3}$ [consistent with recent work on SrTiO${}_{3}$(001)/La${}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}$Sr${}_{x}$CoO${}_{3}$], which is responsible for the degradation in magnetic and electronic properties in the very-thin-film limit. The coercivity is shown to be intimately related to the existence of this (70-\AA{}-thick) interfacial phase-separated layer, leading us to advance an explanation for the coercivity enhancement in terms of the pinning of domain walls by interfacial nanoscopic ferromagnetic clusters and a crossover to single domain clusters at very low thickness. Simple estimates of the magnetocrystalline anisotropy (from the maximum coercivity), cluster dimensions (from the superparamagnetic blocking temperature), multidomain to single domain crossover point, and domain-wall width, provide quantitative support for this picture.
Regio- and stereoselective dehydrogenation of .alpha.,.omega.-diols catalyzed by a rhodium hydride complex (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRegio- and stereoselective dehydrogenation of .alpha.,.omega.-diols catalyzed by a rhodium hydride complexYouichi Ishii, Katsumi Suzuki, Takao Ikariya, Masahiko Saburi, and Sadao YoshikawaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 14, 2822–2824Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00364a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00364a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views370Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Distribution Model of Grazing Animals on Aggregated Grassland Resource Patches (2003)

In this paper, by using the percolation theory and considering both global and local information, the spatial distribution of grazing animals on grassland has been studied when grassland resource points (patches) are concentrated. Hence, the dispersal model for describing grassland resource and distribution of grazing animals has been established. It has been resulted that the lower the resource density is, the greater the resource utilization scale is. Only when animal utilize the resource to the greater extent can they utilize low-density resource of fragmentation.
A Java framework for Web-based multimedia and collaborative applications (1999)

MultiTel is a compositional framework for developing collaborative multimedia applications, and also designates a Web-based distributed platform that supports intercomponent communication. This article shows how compositional and coordination paradigms can be successfully applied to design cooperative Java applications with multimedia data exchange. The focus is on multimedia and network architectures, which define generic and specific components coordinated by connectors for resolving the resource management needs of collaborative applications. The MultiTel platform composes application components dynamically, providing mechanisms for building services with plug-and-play transport and multimedia resources.
AN ANALYTICAL HYSTERESIS MODEL FOR ELASTOMERIC SEISMIC ISOLATION BEARINGS (1997)

For the purpose of accurately predicting the seismic response of base-isolated structures, an analytical hysteresis model for elastomeric seismic isolation bearings is proposed. An extensive series of experimental tests of four types of seismic isolation bearings—two types of high-damping rubber bearings, one type of lead-rubber bearing and one type of silicon rubber bearing—was carried out with the objective of fully identifying their mechanical characteristics. The proposed model is capable of well-predicting the mechanical properties of each type of elastomeric bearing into the large strain range. Earthquake simulator tests were also conducted after the loading tests of the individual bearings. In order to show the validity of the proposed model, non-linear dynamic analyses were conducted to simulate the earthquake simulator test results. Good agreement between the experimental and analytical results shows that the model can be an effective numerical tool to predict not only the peak response value but also the force–displacement relationship of the isolators and floor response spectra for isolated structures. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Renewable Immunity: A Support to Humanity (2014)

The “ survival to the fittest” paradigm is invariably weighted w.r.t. competitiveness. This fitness is therefore constantly interacting both with the living races, and the dynamic nature, more than living –albeit in a complex way. While the former appear to tame nature, the fact is that latter demonstrates the superiority from time to time, in which the former attempt to truce with. The latter quality is called immunity especially when it is seen in a successful competition with unseen forces. One such force is environmental degradation, in the context of CO 2 concentration, soaring continuously as a consequence of man’s overexploitation of nature. It even threatens to surpass the thresholds limits, to be safely supported by man.  Thence, the competitiveness levels between man and nature seems to mature w.r.t the “ survival to the fittest” paradigm (the balance between ecoimmunity and bioimmunity). This work attempts to study the phenomenon of expanding CO 2 concentration in the environment as reported by various authors and relate with the threshold levels prescribed for the mankind. Further attempts to forecast the breakeven limits w.r.t. bioimmunity are corroborated using the instantaneous CO 2 concentration computed by regression analysis. If by 2353 CE the nature may exert a 5000 ppm CO 2 concentration, surpassing the stipulated threshold value, and promised bioimmunity allows enough sustainability—a state of renewable immunity would have been reapproved. Keywords: God (Bhagwan) in Hindi as an acronym [Bhagwan–Hindi],  eco immunity, bio immunity, global warming, regression equation of CO 2  concentration
Measurement of IgE on human basophils: relation to serum IgE and anti-IgE-induced histamine release. (1977)

The number of IgE molecules bound to human basophils was calculated from direct measurements of the IgE dissociated after exposing leukocytes to pH 3.7 acetate buffer in the cold. In 18 donors studied, cell-bound IgE ranged from 4000 to 500,000 molecules/basophil and correlated with the serum IgE concentration (r = 0.89, p less than 0.001) which ranged from 5 to 3,000 ng/ml. Sensitivity of these cells to anti-IgE was tested to explore the relationship between cell-bound IgE and the concentration of anti-IgE required for histamine release. Cells from some nonatopic donors (4000 to 100,000 IgE molecules/basophil) were as sensitive as cells from allergic donors (100,00 to 500,000 IgE molecules/basophil). Moreover, cells from donors having approximately the same cell-bound IgE concentration varied widely in their sensitivity to anti-IgE. We conclude that an intrinsic property of human basophils ("releasability") is an important parameter in determing mediator release.
Instrumental and Consumer Evaluation of Beef Patties Extended with Extrusion‐Textured Whey Proteins (2002)

ABSTRACT: : We extruded a dry mix of 2 parts whey protein concentrate (80% protein) and 1 part cornstarch using water, 0.1 N HCl, or 0.2 M NaOH as the liquid, or adding calcium (1.69% w/w) to the dry mix with water as the liquid. The functionality and acceptability of textured whey protein (TWP) extrudates was determined. Ground beef patties containing up to 40% (w/w) of hydrated TWP extrudates made with base (TWP base ) were as acceptable to a consumer panel as all beef patties. Additionally, patties containing 40% (w/w) TWP base incurred less cook loss and less diameter reduction after cooking, but were less cohesive than all beef patties.
Effect of carnosine on runt‐related transcription factor‐2/core binding factor α‐1 and Sox9 expressions of human periodontal ligament cells (2004)

These results suggest that carnosine enhance RUNX2/Cbfa1 and Sox9 expression of human periodontal ligament cells via the autocrine action of BMP-2 or BMP-7 produced by the cells.
WLAN location fingerprinting technique for device-free indoor localization system (2016)

Device-free indoor localization (DFIL) system can locate the position of human body in the indoor environment by observing the changes in the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) of the wireless local area network (WLAN). The accuracy of a DFIL system is depreciated, as the change in the indoor environment due to furniture and other infrastructure movement. This paper investigates the development of testbed of the Wi-Fi network for measuring the RSSI in various indoor environment, as the initial step for designing the fingerprinting-based algorithms for Wi-fi network. The database of RSSI fingerprint is created initially and then a fingerprint-based algorithm is developed for locating the position of a human body in the indoor environment. The localization algorithm tests the minimum distance in the RSSI values related to the different test points in the indoor environment. This work further demonstrates that how the fingerprints of RSSI are collected and which network configurations generate the most reliable RSSI measurement. For the first phase of designing the testbed, the configurations of different equipment and various tools are elaborated in the indoor environment. For the second phase the RSSI is measured in different propagation indoor environment. The extensive experiments were performed that allow quantification of how changes in an environment affect accuracy. Thus, it is demonstrated that each link offers a viable approach to developing a more robust system for device-free localization that is less susceptible to changes in the environment.
Electron-beam cell projection lithography: A new high-throughput electron-beam direct-writing technology using a specially tailored Si aperture (1990)

Electron-beam cell projection lithography realizes a high throughput capability suitable for ultra-large-scale integration (ULSI) manufacturing. This method makes it possible to drastically reduce the number of electron-beam exposure shots by utilizing a specially shaped beam. This shaped beam is created by an Si aperture which forms various shapes, coinciding with the array of each unit cell of an ULSI pattern. The aperture also forms a rectangular shape for conventional variable-shaped method in order to create random patterns. An aperture made of a single crystal of Si is fabricated using ULSI process techniques. As the reduction ratio of electron optics is larger than that of an optical stepper, pattern size errors caused by aperture inaccuracies can be reduced significantly.
Hospital's DNR guidelines 2 years in making (1998)

This study evaluated the clinical efficacy of autologous cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cell transfusion in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), compared to sequential therapy with TACE and RFA, for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We retrospectively studied 2 groups of HCC patients: 85 patients in the TACE+RFA+CIK group were treated with adoptive autologous CIK cell transfusion in combination with minimally invasive therapy, 89 patients in the TACE+RFA group were treated with minimally invasive therapy alone. The overall response rate was 76.5% in the TACE+RFA+CIK group and 79.8% in the TACE+RFA group. The disease control rate was higher in the TACE+RFA+CIK group than that in the TACE+RFA group (95.3% vs. 88.8%), but the difference was not significant (P=0.113). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the patients in the TACE+RFA+CIK group had significantly longer overall survival (56 vs. 31 mo, P=0.001) and progression-free survival (17 vs. 10 mo, P=0.001) than those in the TACE+RFA group. No severe side effects occurred in the CIK cell transfusion patients. In conclusion, CIK cell immunotherapy may be a valuable therapeutic strategy to prevent recurrence and metastasis in HCC patients after TACE and RFA, and to improve patient prognosis and quality of life. Combined CIK immunotherapy and minimally invasive therapies represent a safe, potential treatment modality for HCC. However, because patient assignment to the 2 treatments was not randomized, any conclusions concerning improvements in survival must be interpreted with great caution.
Inkjet printing of transparent and conductive patterns of single‐walled carbon nanotubes and PEDOT‐PSS composites (2007)

Abstract Transparent and conductive patterns of carboxyl functionalized single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT‐COOHs) and the composites of those with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)‐poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT‐PSS) were deposited on various substrates by inkjet printing. For low print repetitions, the PEDOT‐PSS/SWCNT‐COOH composite patterns show enhanced conductance as compared to the corresponding PEDOT‐PSS conductors. The results suggest a decreased percolation threshold for the printed composite since the nanotubes establish electrical interconnections between the separate PEDOT‐PSS (conductive phase) islands being dispersed in the insulating PSS‐phase. However, the interaction between PEDOT‐PSS and SWCNTs becomes insignificant and the conductivity is not enhanced by the nanotubes, when the amount of PEDOT‐PSS is sufficient to form a continuous conducting phase. Up to now, patterns having sheet resistivities as low as ∼1 kΩ/□ could be achieved. Though there is a trade‐off between transparency and conductivity – we achieved highly transparent patterns (∼90%) with a reasonably low resistivity of ∼10 kΩ/□. The ink and printing method proposed here offer new alternatives of conventional transparent conductive materials based on either polymers or indium oxides; and pose scaleable production of cost‐effective transparent electronics. (© 2007 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Optimized Purchasing Strategy of Electric Power Distributers Based on the Markowitz Theory (2008)

In the deregulated electricity market, the vertically-integrated monopoly structure was broken. Competitive electricity market was formed. How to make the purchasing decisions in different market and optimize the portfolios of contracts to minimize risks and maximize profits becomes the major concern of discos. In this paper, a bi-objective programming model is established based on the Markowitz theory for the investment risk, with minimizing purchasing cost and minimizing its risks being the objectives. The necessity to study financial risks in electricity markets, the application of the Value at Risk (VaR) method and the feasibility of historical simulations are discussed.
On-line classification of acoustic burst signals by a neural network application to loose parts monitoring in nuclear power plants (1994)

Acoustic signature analysis is increasingly being used as a tool for online assessing the mechanical integrity of components in the primary circuit of nuclear power plants. During operation, the acoustic signals of loose parts monitoring system sensors are continuously monitored for signal bursts associated with metallic impacts. With the availability of neural networks new powerful tools for classification and diagnosis of burst signals can be realized online. Since signals of same event type can have similar but diverse signal forms according to their random flow-induced excitation, the characterization potential of neural networks has been used for type classification. A backpropagation neural network based on five precalculated signal parameter values has been set up for identification of three different signal types. In a pilot application at a plant, the acoustic burst signals at a steam generator were automatically monitored, classified and trended. The paper presents the successful results of six weeks online signal classification at the plant. >