gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New Class of Layered Materials (1980)

A new class of layered materials has been prepared by alternate deposition of two dissimilar metals. Strong experimental evidence is shown that coherent structures with layer thicknesses approaching interatomic spacing can be prepared in this fashion. The experimental x-ray measurements are found to be in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with model calculations.
Automated Microinjection of Recombinant BCL-X into Mouse Zygotes Enhances Embryo Development (2011)

Progression of fertilized mammalian oocytes through cleavage, blastocyst formation and implantation depends on successful implementation of the developmental program, which becomes established during oogenesis. The identification of ooplasmic factors, which are responsible for successful embryo development, is thus crucial in designing possible molecular therapies for infertility intervention. However, systematic evaluation of molecular targets has been hampered by the lack of techniques for efficient delivery of molecules into embryos. We have developed an automated robotic microinjection system for delivering cell impermeable compounds into preimplantation embryos with a high post-injection survival rate. In this paper, we report the performance of the system on microinjection of mouse embryos. Furthermore, using this system we provide the first evidence that recombinant BCL-XL (recBCL-XL) protein is effective in preventing early embryo arrest imposed by suboptimal culture environment. We demonstrate that microinjection of recBCL-XL protein into early-stage embryos repairs mitochondrial bioenergetics, prevents reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, and enhances preimplantation embryo development. This approach may lead to a possible treatment option for patients with repeated in vitro fertilization (IVF) failure due to poor embryo quality.
BRIDGE MANAGEMENT SOFTWARE PROGRAMS (1998)

In response to the need for more effective and efficient bridge management, Congress, through the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act, required the implementation of bridge management systems by state departments of transportation (DOTs) and metropolitan planning organizations. Two national-level bridge management software programs have been developed: Pontis and BRIDGIT. The National Highway System Designation Act of 1995 officially repealed the legislative mandate for bridge management system implementation by state highway agencies. Nevertheless, state DOTs continue to pursue use of these systems. Today Pontis has been licensed by 40 state DOTs. Other states either have developed and are implementing their own bridge management software or are evaluating existing software for implementation. BRIDGIT has been well received within smaller bridge-owning agencies. Pontis is now an AASHTOWare-supported product. BRIDGIT is currently available through NCHRP and is expected to be supported by AASHTO in the near future.
Amyloid β inhibits retinoic acid synthesis exacerbating <scp>A</scp>lzheimer disease pathology which can be attenuated by an retinoic acid receptor α agonist (2013)

The retinoic acid receptor (RAR) α system plays a key role in the adult brain, participating in the homeostatic control of synaptic plasticity, essential for memory function. Here we show that RARα signalling is down-regulated by amyloid beta (Aβ), which inhibits the synthesis of the endogenous ligand, retinoic acid (RA). This results in the counteraction of a variety of RARα-activated pathways that are key in the aetiopathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) but which can be reversed by an RARα agonist. RARα signalling improves cognition in the Tg2576 mice, it has an anti-inflammatory effect and promotes Aβ clearance by increasing insulin degrading enzyme and neprilysin activity in both microglia and neurons. In addition, RARα signalling prevents tau phosphorylation. Therefore, stimulation of the RARα signalling pathway using a synthetic agonist, by both clearing Aβ and counteracting some of its toxic effects, offers therapeutic potential for the treatment of AD.
Electron Spin-Echo Measurements of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mmultiscripts><mml:mrow><mml:mi>E</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow/><mml:mrow><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mprescripts/></mml:mmultiscripts></mml:mrow></mml:math>Centers in Crystalline Quartz (1968)

A standard spin-echo technique has been employed to determine the electronic phase-memory time of radiation-produced $E_{1}^{\ensuremath{'}}$ centers in crystalline quartz at 4.2, 77, and 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The phase-memory time was found to be independent of temperature.
Chemistry and Biology in Femtoliter and Picoliter Volume Droplets (2009)

The basic unit of any biological system is the cell, and malfunctions at the single-cell level can result in devastating diseases; in cancer metastasis, for example, a single cell seeds the formation of a distant tumor. Although tiny, a cell is a highly heterogeneous and compartmentalized structure: proteins, lipids, RNA, and small-molecule metabolites constantly traffic among intracellular organelles. Gaining detailed information about the spatiotemporal distribution of these biomolecules is crucial to our understanding of cellular function and dysfunction. To access this information, we need sensitive tools that are capable of extracting comprehensive biochemical information from single cells and subcellular organelles. In this Account, we outline our approach and highlight our progress toward mapping the spatiotemporal organization of information flow in single cells. Our technique is centered on the use of femtoliter- and picoliter-sized droplets as nanolabs for manipulating single cells and subcellular compartments. We have developed a single-cell nanosurgical technique for isolating select subcellular structures from live cells, a capability that is needed for the high-resolution manipulation and chemical analysis of single cells. Our microfluidic approaches for generating single femtoliter-sized droplets on demand include both pressure and electric field methods; we have also explored a design for the on-demand generation of multiple aqueous droplets to increase throughput. Droplet formation is only the first step in a sequence that requires manipulation, fusion, transport, and analysis. Optical approaches provide the most convenient and precise control over the formed droplets with our technology platform; we describe aqueous droplet manipulation with optical vortex traps, which enable the remarkable ability to dynamically "tune" the concentration of the contents. Integration of thermoelectric manipulations with these techniques affords further control. The amount of chemical information that can be gleaned from single cells and organelles is critically dependent on the methods available for analyzing droplet contents. We describe three techniques we have developed: (i) droplet encapsulation, rapid cell lysis, and fluorescence-based single-cell assays, (ii) physical sizing of the subcellular organelles and nanoparticles in droplets, and (iii) capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis of droplet contents. For biological studies, we are working to integrate the different components of our technology into a robust, automated device; we are also addressing an anticipated need for higher throughput. With progress in these areas, we hope to cement our technique as a new tool for studying single cells and organelles with unprecedented molecular detail.
Personal authentication using the fingerprints of intra-body radio propagation channels (2013)

In this contribution, the measurements of intra-body radio propagation channel are conducted at carrier frequencies 433 MHz, 900MHz and 2.4GHz with bandwidth of 2 MHz for different persons. The objective is to find unique propagation characteristics which can be used as fingerprints for personal authentication. The experiment results obtained demonstrate that the distribution of the fading coefficients of the intra-body channels, as well as the power frequency spectra exhibit distinguishable features which can be used to authenticate person's identity. The measurements also illustrate that by using the reference fingerprints in terms of power frequency spectra, the correct identification probability can be maintained at the level above 98% in a short time. Furthermore, it is discovered that the validity of reference fingerprints is more sensitive to the clothes that a person wears than to the displacement of scatterers in the environments and slight changes of the person's posture.
Continuous phase amplification with a Sagnac interferometer (2010)

We describe a phase-amplification technique using a Sagnac interferometer. We monitor the relative phase between two paths of a precisely misaligned interferometer by measuring the average position of a split-Gaussian mode in the dark port. Although we monitor only the dark port, we show that the signal varies linearly with phase and that we can obtain similar sensitivity to balanced homodyne detection. We derive the source of the amplification using classical wave optics.
Growth, Maturation and Physical Activity, 2nd Edition (2004)

Growth, Maturation and Physical Activity, 2nd Edition Authors: Malina, Robert M., Ph.D., FACSM; Bouchard, Claude, Ph.D., FACSM; Bar-Or, Oded, M.D., FACSM Bibliographic Data: (ISBN: 0-88011-882-2, Human Kinetics, Inc., 2004, $69.00) 712 pages, hard cover. Subjects: Pediatrics, Sports Medicine, Physiology DESCRIPTION: This is the second edition of a book that provides an excellent review of the issues of growth and development as they relate to the ability to train and exercise. Directed mainly at exercise physiologists or kinesiologists interested in child and teenage athletes, the book should also interest physicians or healthcare professionals who might provide primary care for this group of patients. The book provides a broad and sometimes detailed overview of anatomical, physiological and psychological development. The first edition was published in 1991. PURPOSE: The purpose is to provide a course of study for exercise physiologists and kinesiologists. The book includes lab exercises and chapters on the impact that exercise has on public health. AUDIENCE: Teachers of exercise physiology and their students are the primary audience for this book. FEATURES: This book provides a comprehensive look at issues of growth and development as they may relate to the ability to exercise starting with prenatal issues and continuing through adolescence. It reviews the issues carefully and presents the measures used to quantify development related to these issues. An effort is also made to discuss the elements of study design necessary to evaluate these issues. ASSESSMENT: This is an excellent text for a course in the development of the ability to exercise. It is a timely update of the previous edition. SCORE: Weighted Numerical Score: 88 Reviewed by:Michael White, M.D., Ph.D. (Ochsner Clinic Foundation)FIGURE. No caption available.
Particle Physics Pessimism (1997)

Dennis Normile, in the first paragraph of his article “More powerful pulses please and puzzle” (Research News, [24 Jan., p. 481][1]), suggests, as do the authors of many articles about results from frontier acceleration techniques, that major progress is being made in developing accelerators that can be used for particle physics. Particle physicists would be delighted if that were so. However, even if the sorts of problems that are discussed in the article can be solved, many units have to be linked coherently to reach the high energies that would be useful for particle physics, and that raises new problems. Most important, in order to be useful for particle physics, a high energy accelerator must also have very high luminosity, because the cross sections for events of interest decrease with increasing energy. No technique I have seen discussed has demonstrated that it can get within orders of magnitude of the needed luminosity. Rather than raise false hopes in the science policy community, it would be better to not discuss the particle physics application until the values for the energy and the luminosity are nearer to those required for the physics.

 [1]: /lookup/doi/10.1126/science.275.5299.481
Vision-based Engagement Detection in Virtual Reality (2016)

User engagement modeling for manipulating actions in vision-based interfaces is one of the most important case studies of user mental state detection. In a Virtual Reality environment that employs camera sensors to recognize human activities, we have to know when user intends to perform an action and when not. Without a proper algorithm for recognizing engagement status, any kind of activities could be interpreted as manipulating actions, called "Midas Touch" problem. Baseline approach for solving this problem is activating gesture recognition system using some focus gestures such as waiving or raising hand. However, a desirable natural user interface should be able to understand user's mental status automatically. In this paper, a novel multi-modal model for engagement detection, DAIA, is presented. using DAIA, the spectrum of mental status for performing an action is quantized in a finite number of engagement states. For this purpose, a Finite State Transducer (FST) is designed. This engagement framework shows how to integrate multi-modal information from user biometric data streams such as 2D and 3D imaging. FST is employed to make the state transition smoothly using combination of several boolean expressions. Our FST true detection rate is 92.3% in total for four different states. Results also show FST can segment user hand gestures more robustly.
Structure of Fermion Density Matrices (1963)

Abstract : A new approach is presented to the many-particle problem in quantum mechanics by proposing a method of finding natural orbitals and natural geminals of a system without prior knowledge of the wave function. It expounds hitherto unpublished results of the author's work. (Author
O2-Adduct Complex of <i>meso</i>-Tetrakis(<i>α,α,α,α</i>-<i>o</i>-pivalamidophenyl)porphinatoiron(II) with an Intramolecularly Coordinated Proximal Histidine (2001)

Abstract meso-Tetrakis(α,α,α,α-o-pivalamidophenyl)porphinatoiron(II) with an intramolecularly coordinated proximal histidine forms a stable O2-adduct complex in benzene solution at 25 °C; the O2-binding affinity (P1/2: 1.7 Torr) is significantly low compared to that of the N-alkylimidazole bound analogue.
Study on blind-bolted split tee connections to concrete-filled steel tubes for steel moment-frame buildings (2008)

This paper presents an alternative solution to conventional welded moment-resisting frame for circular hollow sections using blind bolts and double split tee connections. The easily installed blind bolts from one side offer great convenience for on site practice. Testing on T-stub components to circular column segments in tension shows that this type of connection has great strength and stiffness to be qualified for transferring moment within the composite structural frame. Cogged extensions to the blind bolts improve the tensile behaviour of the T-stub connection. The paper presents results from a detailed analytical study and comparison with experimental investigation. The strength hierarchy among the beam, column and joint for applications in various frame configurations is also discussed.
Detection and classification of Web robots with honeypots (2016)

Web robots are automated programs that systematically browse the Web, collecting information. Although Web robots are valuable tools for indexing content on the Web, they can also be malicious through phishing, spamming, or performing targeted attacks. In this thesis, we study an approach to Web-robot detection that uses honeypots in the form of hidden resources on Web pages. Our detection model is based upon the observation that malicious Web robots do not consider a resource’s visibility when gathering information. We performed a test on an academic website and analyzed the honeypots’ performance using Web logs from the site’s server. Our results did detect Web robots, but did not adequately detect the more sophisticated robots, such as those using deep-crawling algorithms with query generation.
Focused helium-ion beam irradiation effects on electrical transport properties of few-layer WSe2: enabling nanoscale direct write homo-junctions (2016)

Atomically thin transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) are currently receiving significant attention due to their promising opto-electronic properties. Tuning optical and electrical properties of mono and few-layer TMDs, such as tungsten diselenide (WSe2), by controlling the defects, is an intriguing opportunity to synthesize next generation two dimensional material opto-electronic devices. Here, we report the effects of focused helium ion beam irradiation on the structural, optical and electrical properties of few-layer WSe2, via high resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and electrical transport measurements. By controlling the ion irradiation dose, we selectively introduce precise defects in few-layer WSe2 thereby locally tuning the resistivity and transport properties of the material. Hole transport in the few layer WSe2 is degraded more severely relative to electron transport after helium ion irradiation. Furthermore, by selectively exposing material with the ion beam, we demonstrate a simple yet highly tunable method to create lateral homo-junctions in few layer WSe2 flakes, which constitutes an important advance towards two dimensional opto-electronic devices.
Reinnervation of hair cells by auditory neurons after selective removal of spiral ganglion neurons (2006)

Hearing loss can be caused by primary degeneration of spiral ganglion neurons or by secondary degeneration of these neurons after hair cell loss. The replacement of auditory neurons would be an important step in any attempt to restore auditory function in patients with damaged inner ear neurons or hair cells. Application of beta-bungarotoxin, a toxin derived from snake venom, to an explant of the cochlea eradicates spiral ganglion neurons while sparing the other cochlear cell types. The toxin was found to bind to the neurons and to cause apoptotic cell death without affecting hair cells or other inner ear cell types as indicated by TUNEL staining, and, thus, the toxin provides a highly specific means of deafferentation of hair cells. We therefore used the denervated organ of Corti for the study of neuronal regeneration and synaptogenesis with hair cells and found that spiral ganglion neurons obtained from the cochlea of an untreated newborn mouse reinnervated hair cells in the toxin-treated organ of Corti and expressed synaptic vesicle markers at points of contact with hair cells. These findings suggest that it may be possible to replace degenerated neurons by grafting new cells into the organ of Corti.
A Carboxylic Acid from Ilex integra (2003)

(12E,14E,17E)-11-Hydroxy-12,14,17-dodecatrienoic acid was isolated from the stems of Ilex integra and its structure was determined on the basis of the spectroscopic data of its methyl ester.
Editorial: Visual neuroscience (1988)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
USING ADVANCED AVIONICS TO IMPROVE AIR TRAFFIC SYSTEM CAPACITY AND THE PROSPECT OF PUBLIC FUNDING FOR AIRLINE EQUIPMENT ACQUISITIONS (1995)

The ability to accommodate the continued growth of air travel by expanding the associated landside infrastructure is constrained by environmental factors and financial deficits. By application of the latest technology to airplanes, however, system improvements that can bring substantial reductions in public-sector costs are possible. How to fund such beneficial improvements is a difficult question. The need for better data than have been developed on air traffic system capacity, the potential benefits of new technologies, and the need to reorder some development program priorities are described. A rationale for evaluating the prospect of public funding for airline equipment acquisitions is suggested. A key element of the approach to achieving these objectives is the presentation of data developed internally by several airlines individually (some of which are proprietary and are presented with sources available on request) and by individual industry observers and authorities. These data are useful in estimating the magnitude of findings that might be expected if research is conducted on a system level.
Crystallization and initial spectroscopic characterization of the heme-containing dehaloperoxidase from the marine polychaete Amphitrite ornata (1996)

The heme-containing dehaloperoxidase from Amphitrite ornata was crystallized from an unbuffered solution containing 30% PEG 8000 and 200 mM ammonium sulfate by the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. Dark-red bipyramidal crystals are orthorhombic in space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with unit-cell dimensions a = 68.5, b = 68.4 and c = 61.1 A. The asymmetric unit contains two subunits related by a non-crystallographic twofold axis. The crystals scatter beyond 2 A resolution. The native data have been collected and one single-site mercury derivative has been found. SIRAS phasing was used to determine the positions of the heme Fe atoms and structure determination is in progress. A preliminary spectroscopic investigation indicates that the heme is protoporphyrin IX and its coordination sphere resembles that of a typical heme peroxidase, i.e. histidine ligated. Detailed spectroscopic and electrochemical studies are now under way.
Über die galvanomagnetischen Eigenschaften von InSb-Einkristallen mit Te-Dotierung (1960)

An InSb-Einkristallen mit einem Te-Gehalt größer 2·10 16 /cm 3 wurde die Änderung des elektrischen Widerstandes im Magnetfeld in Abhängigkeit von Dotierung, magnetischer Induktion und Winkel zwischen Strom und magnetischer Induktion bei Zimmertemperatur, 78°K und 4,2°K gemessen. Es ergab sich eine scheinbare Anisotropie derart, daß die Werte der transversalen Widerstandsänderung mit Probenstrom parallel zur Wachstumsrichtung [111] immer größer waren, als wenn der Strom senkrecht zur Wachstumsrichtung floß. Die Unterschiede betrugen bis zu 2 Größenordnungen. Aus den Messungen des planaren HALL-Effektes folgt, daß in n-leitendem InSb bei Zimmertemperatur die Widerstandsänderung fast ausschließlich durch die gemischte Leitung verursacht wird. Dieser überlagert sich eine durch die Präparation bedingte Anisotropie. Im Gegensatz zur Widerstandsänderung ist die Elektronenbeweglichkeit isotrop. Der HALL-Koeffizient ist im Bereich zwischen 100 Gauß und 10 kGauß innerhalb der Fehlergrenze von einigen Promillen konstant.
Vehicle environment detection by a combined low and mid level fusion of a laser scanner and stereo vision (2011)

A sensor system consisting of a multi layer laser scanner and a stereo camera is used to observe the surrounding environment of a vehicle. By a novel multi level fusion framework the heterogeneous sensor data can be merged on different processing levels. The following paper gives a short introduction to the processing steps of the sensor data and focuses on the lower raw level and middle object level fusion. Here, the low level fusion obtains a more precise object discrimination, whereas the mid level fusion is able to solve conflicting sensor statements with competing object information. A combination of both, obviously results in a more accurate environmental description. The effectiveness of both fusion approaches is tested and compared with real road reference data, obtained from highly precise GPS data.