gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular analysis of the transcriptional regulatory region of an early baculovirus gene (1989)

Transcription of the gene encoding a 35,000-molecular-weight protein (35K protein) from the EcoRI-S region (86.8 to 87.8 map units) of Autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) occurs early in infection and declines later. The region promoting the gene for the 35K protein, extending from 426 base pairs (bp) upstream to 12 bp downstream from the RNA start site, was linked to the bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene (CAT) for analysis. CAT expression was monitored in cells that were transfected with plasmids containing the promoter-CAT fusion as well as cells infected with recombinant viruses containing the chimeric gene inserted into the AcMNPV genome. Mapping of the 5' ends of CAT-specific RNAs indicated that transcription initiated from the proper sites in both assays; moreover, the promoter fragment retained its early activity, despite an alternate location in the viral genome. The 5' boundary of upstream regulatory sequences was determined by constructing deletions of the promoter fragment extending toward the early RNA start site (position +1). In transient assays, a gradual reduction in CAT expression occurred as sequences from positions -426 to -31 were removed. In contrast, promoter deletions from positions -426 to -155 in recombinant viruses exhibited no effect on CAT expression, whereas deletions to position -55 abolished early expression but had no effect on late expression. Late CAT expression was eliminated when deletions to position -4 removed part of the late RNA start site. DNA signals potentiating early transcription were therefore located upstream (between positions -155 and -55) from those involved in late transcription of the gene encoding the 35K protein. Potential consensus sequences for early and late regulatory elements were identified.
AR-Based Positioning for Mobile Devices (2011)

Augmented Reality (AR) that can be considered as a form of location-based services is a technique utilizing position and orientation information and a location database of POIs to enrich video or photographs by adding on graphics or text objects. The AR technique can be used to develop Pedestrian Navigation Systems (PNSs), but high-precision positioning is needed for displaying AR objects at proper places. However, the required level of accuracy is far beyond current commercial positioning solutions, e.g., outdoor GPS and indoor RF systems. In this paper, we propose an AR-based positioning technique for AR users to position their locations. First, by utilizing a coarse positioning system, AR objects can be roughly displayed on the touch screen of a AR device. Then, AR objects can be matched with their images on the display via drag-and-drop operations by users. Thus, both the coordinates of the AR objects in the image and in the real world can be known. Based on the coordinates along with the knowledge of the camera focal length, the location at which the photograph was taken can be known. The location of the camera can be treated as the location of the user. The proposed positioning technique is very helpful in developing high-precision PNSs.
Stoichiometric Alteration of PMP22 Protein Determines the Phenotype of Hereditary Neuropathy With Liability to Pressure Palsies (2007)

Taken together, these results confirm that the phenotypic expression is identical in patients with Leu7fs mutation and patients with HNPP caused by chromosome 17p11.2 deletion. They also demonstrate that reduction of PMP22 is sufficient to cause the full HNPP phenotype.
Neuraminic acid specific lectins as markers of early cortical plate neurons (1993)

Early cortical plate and subplate cells in the developing neocortex of many animal species and humans contain one specific plasma protein, fetuin. Fetuin is heavily glycosylated and it is possible that due to the large amount of sugars, this molecule may play a part in cellular recognition during brain development. Cellular and extracellular carbohydrates in the developing brain of the sheep were studied histochemically using a battery of fluorescein-labelled lectins. Two neuraminic acid specific lectins, Sambucus nigra and Maackia amurensis, labelled consistently the fetuin-positive cells as demonstrated by double labelling with lectins and antifetuin antibodies. Brain sections from other species, known to contain fetuin-positive cells (fetal cow, postnatal tammar wallaby) showed a similar lectin staining pattern to that of the sheep fetus. Additionally, sections from species thought to contain fetuin in their developing brains that failed to cross-react with available antifetuin antibodies (postnatal Monodelphis, fetal cat) also demonstrated lectin-positive staining in the same neuronal cell population. Thus, neuraminic acid is a common and well conserved terminal carbohydrate in cortical plate and subplate neurons of the developing brain. Neuraminic-specific lectins are useful markers for these neurons in addition to the more traditional use of immunocytochemical methods in studies of formation of the neocortex.
Biodegradable liquid‐crystalline aromatic polyesters (1998)

Abstract Two strategies designed for the mechanical reinforcement of biodegradable polyesters, such as poly‐(ε‐caprolactone), poly (L‐lactide) and their copolyesters, are described. Both strategies utilize more or less biodegradable thermotropic aromatic polyesters as reinforcing component. However, the structures of the aromatic polyesters differ largely. For strategy I polyesters composed of substituted hydroquinones and substituted terephthalic acids are used (which may contain anhydride groups), whereas the polyesters of strategy II are made up of natural nontoxic monomers such as β‐(4‐hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid and 4‐hydroxybenzoic acid.
A study of various encapsulation schemes for c-Si solar cells with EVA encapsulants (1997)

Several encapsulation schemes for crystalline Si (c-Si) solar cells, grouped into three categories of superstrate/encapsulant/Si-cell/encapsulant/substrate, were studied using different superstrates and substrates with extruded EVA films as the main encapsulant materials. A number of technical problems were observed and practical solutions to the problems are presented. The results are useful for designing and fabricating various samples of encapsulated c-Si cells and mini-modules for accelerated weathering tests in our future work.
Aero-Optical Measurements of High-Mach Supersonic Boundary Layers (2015)

Aero-optical measurements of a boundary layer at high supersonic speeds of M = 3.0 and 4.3 were performed in the Trisonic Wind Tunnel at the US Air Force Academy. Overall levels of aero-optical distortions, convective speeds and the aperture functions were calculated from the data. It was found that the statistics of the aero-optical distortions were similar to subsonic boundary layers. Several modified models were shown to properly predict aerooptical levels of boundary layers up to M = 5. As a separate experiment, a wedge model was placed inside the tunnel to study the aero-optical effects of the attached oblique shock. Aerooptical structures with an abnormally-low convective speed were observed in the laser beam traversing the oblique shock around the wedge. These structures were speculated to be related to convecting unsteady distortions imposed on the oblique shock by the naturallyvibrating wedge.
Anomaly detection in extremely crowded scenes using spatio-temporal motion pattern models (2009)

Extremely crowded scenes present unique challenges to video analysis that cannot be addressed with conventional approaches. We present a novel statistical framework for modeling the local spatio-temporal motion pattern behavior of extremely crowded scenes. Our key insight is to exploit the dense activity of the crowded scene by modeling the rich motion patterns in local areas, effectively capturing the underlying intrinsic structure they form in the video. In other words, we model the motion variation of local space-time volumes and their spatial-temporal statistical behaviors to characterize the overall behavior of the scene. We demonstrate that by capturing the steady-state motion behavior with these spatio-temporal motion pattern models, we can naturally detect unusual activity as statistical deviations. Our experiments show that local spatio-temporal motion pattern modeling offers promising results in real-world scenes with complex activities that are hard for even human observers to analyze.
Electrochemical Sensors for Hydroperoxides Based on Prussian Blue (2015)

Prussian blue (PB) is one of the most commonly used electrochemical mediators for analytical applications during the last decades. Its redox properties of electro-catalyzing hydrogen peroxide qualify it to be used in construction of various sensors for environmental, clinical and food analysis. In this review, the significant characteristic of PB was extensively discussed. Several methods for synthesizing Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) were also involved. A comprehensive review was given to the electrochemical sensors based on PB composite modified electrodes to monitor hydrogen peroxide and organic peroxides. Furthermore, both pH effect and stability of PB film in sensing applications were highlighted. Keywords: Hydrogen peroxide, hydroperoxide, prussian blue, modified electrodes, synthesis.
Broad Antiviral Activity and Crystal Structure of HIV-1 Fusion Inhibitor Sifuvirtide (2012)

Sifuvirtide (SFT) is an electrostatically constrained α-helical peptide fusion inhibitor showing potent anti-HIV activity, good safety, and pharmacokinetic profiles, and it is currently under phase II clinical trials in China. In this study, we demonstrate its potent and broad anti-HIV activity by using diverse HIV-1 subtypes and variants, including subtypes A, B, and C that dominate the AIDS epidemic worldwide, and subtypes B', CRF07_BC, and CRF01_AE recombinants that are currently circulating in China, and those possessing cross-resistance to the first and second generation fusion inhibitors. To elucidate its mechanism of action, we determined the crystal structure of SFT in complex with its target N-terminal heptad repeat region (NHR) peptide (N36), which fully supports our rational inhibitor design and reveals its key motifs and residues responsible for the stability and anti-HIV activity. As anticipated, SFT adopts fully helical conformation stabilized by the multiple engineered salt bridges. The designing of SFT also provide novel inter-helical salt bridges and hydrogen bonds that improve the affinity of SFT to NHR trimer. The extra serine residue and acetyl group stabilize α-helicity of the N-terminal portion of SFT, whereas Thr-119 serves to stabilize the hydrophobic NHR pocket. In addition, our structure demonstrates that the residues critical for drug resistance, located at positions 37, 38, 41, and 43 of NHR, are irreplaceable for maintaining the stable fusogenic six-helix bundle structure. Our data present important information for developing SFT for clinical use and for designing novel HIV fusion inhibitors.
Über ionotrope Gele mit Kapillarstruktur (1958)

Diffundieren Gegenionen in das Sol eines Polyelektrolyten, so können sich ionotrope Gele mit zahlreichen parallelen, gleichmäßigen Kapillaren bilden. Dies geschieht durch eine tropfige Entmischung. Die Bedingungen für diese Strukturbildung wurden an Alginatgelen genauer untersucht. Wichtige Faktoren sind: 1. Art, Konzentration und Kettenlänge des Polyelektrolyten, 2. Ein bestimmter Grad der Dehydratation, 3. Art und Aktivität der Gegenionen, 4. Diffusionsrichtung der Ionen, 5. Vordehydratation durch Solzusätze.
Broadcasting in LTE-Advanced networks using multihop D2D communications (2016)

In an LTE-Advanced network, network-controlled Device-to-Device (D2D) communications can be combined in a multihop fashion to distribute broadcasts over user-defined (and possibly large) areas, with small latencies and occupying few resources. Such a service may be exploited for several purposes, (e.g. Internet of Things, Vehicular communications). Engineering a multihop D2D-based broadcast service requires working at both the application level on the User Equipment (UE) and at the resource-allocation level within the eNodeBs. This paper describes the necessary modifications at both the UE and the eNodeB, what the main issues are, and how to solve them efficiently. We evaluate the performance of the above service using system-level simulations, and demonstrate its advantages over standard broadcasting techniques.
The art of growing plants for experimental purposes: a practical guide for the plant biologist (2012)

Every year thousands of experiments are conducted using plants grown under more-or-less controlled environmental conditions. The aim of many such experiments is to compare the phenotype of different species or genotypes in a specific environment, or to study plant performance under a range of suboptimal conditions. Our paper aims to bring together the minimum knowledge necessary for a plant biologist to set up such experiments and apply the environmental conditions that are appropriate to answer the questions of interest. We first focus on the basic choices that have to be made with regard to the experimental setup (e.g. where are the plants grown; what rooting medium; what pot size). Second, we present practical considerations concerning the number of plants that have to be analysed considering the variability in plant material and the required precision. Third, we discuss eight of the most important environmental factors for plant growth (light quantity, light quality, CO2, nutrients, air humidity, water, temperature and salinity); what critical issues should be taken into account to ensure proper growth conditions in controlled environments and which specific aspects need attention if plants are challenged with a certain a-biotic stress factor. Finally, we propose a simple checklist that could be used for tracking and reporting experimental conditions.
Computer Animations, Quantum Mechanics and Elementary Particles (1992)

A picture is worth a thousand words" is one of the rare maxims phrased as an understatement. A high-resolution colour picture contains in fact more information (bit-wise) than a million words. It is in gene ral also faster, easier and more pleasant to grasp than mere words.
Phenylpropiolic Acids. Part XII. The Conversion of Phenylpropiolic Acids and their Esters into Thiophen Derivatives (1976)

Department of Chemistry, Kuwait University, Kuwait. <em>Manuscript received 4 November 1976; revised 6 February 1976 ; accepted 11 March 1976</em> Phenylpropiolic acids or their esters condensed with sulphur when refluxed in 1,1,2,2-tetra­chloroethane to give mixtures of 2,4-diaryl-thiophens and 3,4-di-aryl-thiophen-2,5-dicarboxylic acids or their esters, respectively. The percentages of the components depended on whether the free acids or their esters were used. The structures of these compounds were elucidated by spec­troscopic methods and/or by comparison with authentic samples.
Novel Method for Rapid Assessment of Antibiotic Resistance in <i>Escherichia coli</i> Isolates from Environmental Waters by Use of a Modified Chromogenic Agar (2007)

We validated a novel method for screening Escherichia coli resistance to antibiotics in environmental samples using modified Difco MI agar (Becton Dickinson) impregnated with selected antibiotics (tetracycline, ampicillin, cephalexin, and sulfamethoxazole), termed MI-R. This method combines an existing rapid assessment technique for E. coli enumeration with clinical reference data for breakpoint analysis of antibiotic resistance and was developed to address issues encountered when clinical methods are used with environmental samples. Initial trials conducted using strains of E. coli with resistance to the selected antibiotics showed that this method was reproducible and accurate with respect to antibiotic resistance. Trials using wastewater effluent demonstrated the precision of the method, and the levels of resistance found in effluent were directly comparable to the levels of antibiotic resistance determined using the more traditional CLSI (formerly NCCLS) disk susceptibility test. All wastewater isolates growing on MI-R plates were confirmed to be resistant using the CLSI disk susceptibility test. Bacterial resistance to ampicillin (38% +/- 4% overall), sulfamethoxazole, tetracycline (21% +/- 3% overall), and ciprofloxacin (6% +/- 1%) were found in wastewater effluent. A successful trial was also conducted with water collected from the Brisbane River, Australia. The levels of antibiotic resistance in E. coli ranged from 0 to 47% for ampicillin, from 0 to 24% for tetracycline, from 0 to 63% for sulfamethoxazole, and from 0 to 1% for ciprofloxacin, with the highest incidence of resistance associated with wastewater treatment plant discharges. This method has great potential for rapid and representative assessment of antibiotic resistance in E. coli and could allow increased sample analysis, resulting in greater confidence in spatial analysis in environmental studies.
Characterization of Arabidopsis Acid Phosphatase Promoter and Regulation of Acid Phosphatase Expression (2000)

The expression and secretion of acid phosphatase (APase) was investigated in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern.) plants using sensitive in vitro and activity gel assays. Phosphorus (P) starvation induced two APases in Indian mustard roots, only one of which was secreted. Northern-blot analysis indicated transcriptional regulation of APase expression. Polymerase chain reaction and Southern-blot analyses revealed two APase homologs in Indian mustard, whereas in Arabidopsis, only one APase homolog was detected. The Arabidopsis APase promoter region was cloned and fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) and green fluorescent protein (GFP) reporter genes. GUS expression was first evident in leaves of the P-starved Arabidopsis plants. In P-starved roots, the expression of GUS initiated in lateral root meristems followed by generalized expression throughout the root. GUS expression diminished with the addition of P to the medium. Expression of GFP in P-starved roots also initiated in the lateral root meristems and the recombinant GFP with the APase signal peptide was secreted by the roots into the medium. The APase promoter was specifically activated by low P levels. The removal of other essential elements or the addition of salicylic or jasmonic acids, known inducers of gene expression, did not activate the APase promoter. This novel APase promoter may be used as a plant-inducible gene expression system for the production of recombinant proteins and as a tool to study P metabolism in plants.
Multisensory Feedback in Support of Pilot-Automation Coordination: The Case of Uncommanded Mode Transitions (1998)

The introduction of advanced automation technology to the modern cockpit has created new attentional and monitoring demands for pilots whose primary role has shifted towards supervisory control. Observed breakdowns in pilots' mode awareness, i.e., in their knowledge and understanding of the current and future system configuration, suggest that these demands are not adequately supported by existing automation feedback. In particular, current feedback fails to highlight unexpected changes in system status and behavior due, in part, to designers' tendency to increasingly rely on focal visual attention instead of exploiting the wide range of sensory modalities available to human operators. In this study, we examined the feasibility and effectiveness of multisensory feedback for providing attentional guidance to pilots in case of unexpected mode transitions. Tactile or peripheral visual cues were presented in the context of a simulated flight scenario involving varying levels of competing visual demands. The results of this study indicate that the introduction of multisensory feedback is one effective way of capturing pilots' attention without necessarily affecting their performance on concurrent tasks.
Dimerlike positional correlation and resonant transmission of electromagnetic waves in aperiodic dielectric multilayers (2004)

In this paper, we investigate transmission of electromagnetic wave through aperiodic dielectric multilayers. A generic feature shown is that the mirror symmetry in the system can induce the resonant transmission, which originates from the positional correlations (for example, presence of dimers) in the system. Furthermore, the resonant transmission can be manipulated at a specific wavelength by tuning aperiodic structures with internal symmetry. The theoretical results are experimentally proved in the optical observation of aperiodic ${\mathrm{SiO}}_{2}/{\mathrm{TiO}}_{2}$ multilayers with internal symmetry. We expect that this feature may have potential applications in optoelectric devices such as the wavelength division multiplexing system.
LXVIII. The specific heat of beryllium at low temperatures (1953)

Abstract Measurements have been made in the temperature range 4 to 300°k. The results obtained are consistent with the most recent high temperature data, but are markedly different from existing low temperature ones. In particular, no trace of anomalous behaviour near 11°k was found, and the low temperature results have been analysed to yield an electronic specific heat of 5·4 × 10 −5 T cal deg−1 g atom−1, in good agreement with theoretical predictions. The Debye characteristic temperature is constant at 1160° below 20°k, but falls with increasing temperature to 925° at 300°k ; this behaviour is believed to be characteristic of the close-packed hexagonal lattice. Values are also given for the heat capacity of a bakelite varnish used in these experiments.
Human bronchial leucocyte proteinase inhibitor. Rapid isolation and kinetic analysis with human leucocyte proteinases (1985)

Bronchial leucocyte proteinase inhibitor (BLPI) is an 11 000 Mr protein found in human mucous secretions. This inhibitor apparently controls the serine proteinases elastase and cathepsin G, released from extravascular polymorphonuclear leucocytes. A simple, single-step chromatographic procedure for the isolation of BLPI based on its affinity for chymotrypsin was developed. The purified inhibitor was homogeneous by electrophoresis and gel filtration. Amino acid analyses were in close agreement with previous reports, and showed BLPI to be rich in proline and cystine, but lacking histidine. We have further characterized the role of BLPI with respect to human leucocyte elastase and cathepsin G by close examination of the kinetic parameters. Additionally, we have determined the kinetics of association (kon) and dissociation (koff) for BLPI with bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin. Equilibrium dissociation constants (Ki) of 1.87 X 10(-10) M, 4.18 X 10(-9) M, 8.28 X 10(-9) M and 2.63 X 10(-8) M were obtained for human leucocyte elastase, cathepsin G, bovine trypsin and chymotrypsin, respectively. These results are discussed with respect to BLPI's possible function in vivo and its role relative to other inhibitors in bronchial secretions.