gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthesis of a New Series of Furyl and Thienyl substituted Pyrazolines Starting with Furyl and Thienyl Chalcones (1991)

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 9028, Jeddah 21413, Saudi Arabia <em>Manuscript received 18 May 1990, revised 22 October 1990, accepted 28 November 1990</em> Fourteen heterocyclic furyl and thienyl chalcones (5) were prepared, analysed and converted Into the 2-pyrazolines (6) through treatment with hydrazine or methyl- bydrazine in ethanol or glacial acetic acid solvent. A total of thirty new furyl and thienyl substituted-2-pyrazolines (11a-f, 12a-f, 13a-f,14a-e 15a-g) were thus prepared and characterised through elemental and spectroscopic measurements Mechanistic interpretation of the results is also included
Discovery of a Neuroprotective Chemical, (<i>S</i>)-<i>N</i>-(3-(3,6-Dibromo-9<i>H</i>-carbazol-9-yl)-2-fluoropropyl)-6-methoxypyridin-2-amine [(−)-P7C3-S243], with Improved Druglike Properties (2014)

(-)-P7C3-S243 is a neuroprotective aminopropyl carbazole with improved druglike properties compared with previously reported compounds in the P7C3 class. It protects developing neurons in a mouse model of hippocampal neurogenesis and protects mature neurons within the substantia nigra in a mouse model of Parkinson's disease. A short, enantioselective synthesis provides the neuroprotective agent in optically pure form. It is nontoxic, orally bioavailable, metabolically stable, and able to cross the blood-brain barrier. As such, it represents a valuable lead compound for the development of drugs to treat neurodegenerative diseases and traumatic brain injury.
Synthesis of new bicarbazole-linked triazoles as non-cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitors (2019)

Carbazole analogs 3 and 4 and a new library of bicarbazole-linked triazoles 6–11 were prepared via new synthetic methodology. Metal-catalyzed oxidative coupling reaction was utilized for the synthesis of bicarbazole acetylene 4 and different metals (Zn+2, Co+2, Fe+3, Ni+2, Cu+2, Mn+2) as catalyst were screened. Only Fe-catalyzed reaction was found to be excellent and gave homocoupled product 4. Cu-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition was also utilized to install triazole moiety for the synthesis of hybrid molecules 6–11. Based on reported anti-inflammatory activity of carbazole and triazole scaffolds, all compounds were screened for their reactive oxygen species (ROS) inhibitory potential. Results from these studies revealed triazole 9 as most active compound (IC50 value of 7.6 ± 0.1 µg/mL on human whole blood and 2.7 ± 0.09 µg/mL on isolated neutrophils) using ibuprofen as a standard. Therefore, class described herein can serve as attractive structural element for further studies on ROS inhibition.
5HT<sub>1A</sub>‐receptors and behaviour under chronic stress: selective counteraction by testosterone (1998)

Behaviour of chronically stressed male tree shrews is characterized by a reduction in scent marking, self-grooming and overall locomotor activity. It has been proposed that this subordination behaviour is related to the down-regulation of 5HT1A-receptors occurring in distinct brain regions of the animals. The high cortisol concentrations which accompany chronic stress are supposed to induce 5HT1A-receptor down-regulation. Because chronic stress in males also decreases androgen levels we investigated whether behaviour and 5HT1A-receptor expression could be renormalized by testosterone replacement. Male tree shrews were submitted to subordination stress for 28 days, while during the last 18 days, one group was treated with testosterone and one with vehicle. Scent marking, self-grooming, and overall locomotor activity were monitored, and cortisol levels were measured in morning urine during the whole experiment. Brain 5HT1A-receptors were quantified by in vitro receptor autoradiography. Although in subordinate animals cortisol levels remained high during the testosterone treatment, 5HT1A-receptors in the hippocampal formation and the occipital cortex were renormalized to control levels by the androgen, but 5HT1A-receptors in the ventromedial thalamic nucleus did not return to base line levels. Scent marking and self-grooming behaviour were both renormalized by testosterone, but overall locomotor activity did not return to base line levels. These data indicate that a balance between glucocorticoids and androgens is necessary to maintain 'normal' numbers of the monoamine receptors. The fact that both, 5HT1A-receptors and certain behaviours can be renormalized by the sex steroid supports the view that 5HT1A-receptor are involved in the regulation of stress behaviour. However, the fact that overall locomotor activity was not returned to baseline indicates that different types of behaviour are distinctly regulated.
A Controlled-Release Anti-Inflammatory Drug (1984)

A procedure to obtain a controlled-release microencapsulated anti-inflammatory drug based on a solvent evaporation method is described. The present method makes use of ethylcellulose as the polymer and methylene chloride as solvent. The evaporation of solvent is controlled by means of an air stream. Variations in the preparative procedure and their effects on capsule dimensions and permeabilities were studied. The release behavior of the drug is determined, and two different diffusion constants are also determined: 7.0 × 10−10 cm2/s and 1.2 × 10−10 cm2/s, corresponding to low and high release time. Based on these results it is proposed that these microcapsules have a nonhomogeneous polymeric wall, and are more porous in the outer surface. This model might be applicable to the microcapsules obtained by means of the solvent evaporation method.
Los símbolos religiosos en la Ley de memoria histórica (2014)

El tema de la retirada de simbolos religiosos, a consecuencia de la aplicacion de la Ley de Memoria Historica, es una cuestion que ha causado insatisfaccion y desenterrado viejos rencores en nuestra sociedad. La retirada de los simbolos religiosos que aparecen junto a simbolos franquistas ha provocado polemica en la Espana actual y su discusion ha llegado hasta los Tribunales. La retirada de los primeros va en contra del propio espiritu de concordia al que la ley aspira en su articulado, al estar representadas en los emblemas y las placas las victimas de las persecuciones religiosas y ser parte de la manifestacion externa del derecho de libertad religiosa. La ley tambien aborda el tema de la resignificacion del Valle de los Caidos, cuya Basilica contiene los restos de Franco y Primo de Rivera. El Informe, realizado por una Comision de expertos, busca dar un nuevo giro a la existencia del mayor simbolo de la Dictadura que perdura en la actualidad.
End Ban on Condolences After Soldier Dies by Suicide, APA Says (2010)

President Obama is urged to end a policy that bars him from sending a letter of condolence to family members of troops who die by suicide. The policy reflects a lack of appreciation of service members who suffered from mental illness.
SKIN MARKING IN PLASTIC SURGERY (2005)

Ayhan, Meltem M.D.; Silistreli, Ozlem M.D.; Aytug, Zeynep M.D.; Gorgu, Metin M.D.; Yakut, Macide M.D. Author Information
High-Frequency Monitoring of Residual and Bound Water in Nonconductive Fluids (1975)

This paper presents a novel application of open-ended microwave cavities for monitoring residual water content or bound water content in nonconductive fluids transported in circular pipes. The sensor consists of a section of a circular waveguide lined with a solid dielectric inserted in series with the piping system transporting the test fluid. At the selected frequency of operation, the end waveguides formed by the piping system operate below cutoff, while the sensor forms a resonant cavity. The resonant frequency of the cavity, which is a measure of the water content in the test fluid, is monitored automatically by an electronic system.
A Ketone Ester Drink Increases Postexercise Muscle Glycogen Synthesis in Humans (2017)

In the presence of constant high glucose concentrations, a ketone ester drink increased endogenous insulin levels, glucose uptake, and muscle glycogen synthesis.
Integration network for wireless communication and CATV broadcasting with fiber-optic star-ring hierarchical structure (1998)

In this paper, we make use of the fiber-optic/coaxial CATV network for wireless communications with a star-ring topology to distribute broadcasting cable TV programs and simultaneously to provide bidirectional transmissions for wireless signals. This network utilizes the hierarchical structure with the fiber hub (uplink and downlink both by fiber cable), the semifiberhub (uplink by fiber cable and downlink by coaxial cable), or the coaxial hub (uplink and downlink both by coaxial cable) to increase the system capacity effectively. Three examples, which cover an area of 10 km radius and utilize the GSM scheme, are given: 1) for the single-star ring topology, the system supports 8 hubs and 1000 wireless users; 2) for the multistar ring topology, the system supports 40 hubs and 5000 wireless users; and 3) for the extension topology, the system supports 160 hubs and 20000 wireless users. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 18: 132–141, 1998.
Analysis of a novel magnetic stimulation system: Magnetic harmonic multi-cycle stimulation (MHMS) (2009)

Magnetic stimulation is nowadays a standard instrument in research as well as clinical applications. But available systems still have some vital problems; these include the extreme energetic ineffectiveness and the poor flexibility of stimulation properties. In the following text we analyse a new degree of freedom for stimulation devices in the time domain. This approach owes its high potential from the simplicity to implement this feature in existing commercial systems. A similar principle has already been applied for a stimulation device long time ago, but was intentionally overdamped to mimic a monophasic system and therefore energetically meaningless. For the current work, the alternative design was implemented into a sophisticated simulation model to predict its properties. A substantial benefit is for instance the feasibility to lower the threshold of the required current within the stimulation coil for creating nervous action potentials dramatically. Accordingly, the energetic impact with its even quadratic relation to the amplitude and especially the reduction of the coil heating are remarkable. The opportunity to control the nervous reaction more precisely and to gain access to the field of more complex spiking patterns is another special attribute. The realization of the concept seems reasonably simple, whereas the impact was found to be enormous. But this shall not block the view of the fact that the discovery and the explanation needs a change of thinking about the stimulating effect of inductive stimulation.
Low-k SiC<sub>x</sub>N<sub>y</sub>Films Prepared by Plasma-Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition Using 1,3,5-trimethyl-1,3,5-trivinylcyclotrisilazane Precursor (2012)

Low-k silicon carbonitride (SiCxNy) films with k of 3.6–4.6 were prepared by radio frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition at 25 to 400°C under low power density of 0.15 W/cm3, using a single source precursor, 1, 3, 5-trimethyl-1, 3, 5-trivinylcyclotrisilazane (VSZ), and Ar. At lower deposition temperatures (≤ 200°C), most cyclic VSZ structures were preserved in the SiCxNy films, resulting in a lower density (1.60–1.76 g/cm3), a lower dielectric constant (k∼3.6–3.9) and a fairly good elastic modulus of 22.0–25.0 GPa. When the deposition temperature was raised to 400°C, the cyclic N-Si-N linkages were reformed to a dense Si-N structure, with the desorption of CHx bonds, resulting in higher density (2.0 g/cm3), a dielectric constant of 4.6, and an excellent elastic modulus of 65.2 GPa. The leakage current density of SiCxNy films was reduced from 1.5×10−6 to 4.0×10−8 A/cm2 at 1 MV/cm, upon increasing the deposition temperature from 25°C to 400°C. The conduction mechanism of the SiCxNy films, except the film deposited at 400°C and tested under higher electric field, exhibited Schottky emission due to few charged defects by using a cyclic VSZ precursor and a lower plasma power density of 0.15 W/cm3.
Ag<sub>9</sub> Quantum Cluster through a Solid-State Route (2010)

A silver cluster having the composition Ag(9)(H(2)MSA)(7) (H(2)MSA = mercaptosuccinic acid) was synthesized in macroscopic quantities using a solid-state route. The clusters were purified by PAGE and characterized by UV-vis, FTIR, luminescence, and NMR spectroscopy, TEM, XPS, XRD, TG, SEM/EDAX, elemental analysis, and ESI MS. The solid-state route provides nearly pure Ag(9) clusters, and nanoparticle contamination was insignificant for routine studies. Formation of various clusters was observed by modifying the conditions. The effect of ligands on the synthesis was checked. The cluster decomposed slowly in water, and the decomposition followed first-order kinetics. However, it could be stabilized in solvent mixtures and in the solid state. Such materials may be important in cluster research because of their characteristic absorption profiles, which are similar to those of Au(25) and Au(38). The cluster showed luminescence with a quantum yield of 8 × 10(-3) at 5 °C.
Radiological Findings of Primary Multidrug-resistant Pulmonary Tuberculosis in HIV-seronegative Patients (2014)

Objective: To compare the computed tomography findings of patients with primary multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) and those with drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DS TB) who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seronegative. Methods: The computed tomography findings of 40 patients with MDR TB and 40 with DS TB were retrospectively reviewed. The presence of centrilobular nodules, consolidation, cavity, bronchiectasis, calcification, pleural effusion, lymphadenopathy, laterality and number of involved lobes were looked for. Statistical comparison entailed the use of Student’s T test, the Chi-square test, and the Mann-Whitney U test. Results: Cavities were more frequently observed in patients with primary MDR TB than those with DS TB (p = 0.007), and when present, these were more numerous in the former patients than in the latter (p = 0.001). There was no statistically significant difference between primary MDR TB and DS TB in terms of centrilobular nodules, consolidation, bronchiectasis, calcification, pleural effusions, lymphadenopathy, laterality, and number of involved lobes. Conclusions: In HIV-seronegative patients, the presence of multiple cavities was a significantly more common computed tomography finding in the MDR TB patients than in the DS TB patients. This computed tomography finding may enable early detection and appropriate therapy for such infected patients, as it can be obtained rapidly.
Design and Characteristics of n-Channel Insulated-gate Field-effect Transistors (1973)

An n-channel insulated-gate field-effect transistor technology established at IBM Research has served as the basis for further development leading to FET memory. Designs and characteristics of experimental devices of 500 and 1000 Å gate insulator thicknesses are presented, with particular attention to the effects of source-drain spacing.
The Structural Proteins of Rabies Virus and Evidence for their Synthesis from Separate Monocistronic RNA Species (1980)

Purified preparations of the CVS strain of rabies virus, which were labelled during the infectious growth cycle with different isotopes or labelled in vitro by iodination or acetylation, contained five major proteins, L, G, N, M1, and M2, when examined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE). The major surface glycoprotein, G, could be separated into two components, G1, G2, in some PAGE systems; they were present in about equimolar amounts and had apparent mol. wt. of 70.5 X 10(3) and 65 X 10(3), respectively. The virus nucleocapsid (p = 1.28 g/ml) could be isolated after detergent treatment of purified virus. It contained the virus RNA, the major nucleocapsid protein, N (mol. wt. 58.5 X 10(3)), and small amounts of a large protein, L (mol. wt. 170 X 10(3)). Two membrane proteins, M1 (mol. wt. 39.5 X 10(3)) and M2 (mol. wt. 25 X 10(3)), were also observed. Chromatography of dissoliated rabies virus in agarose columns with guanidine hydrochloride did not resolve any additional virus structural proteins. Two-dimensional peptide may analysis of iodinated structural proteins indicated that they were unique gene products and not derived from a precursor polypeptide by cleavage. The peptide maps of the two glycoproteins, G1 and G2, appeared identical. The approximate number of proteins molecules per virion has been determined. Rabies virus-directed protein synthesis in BHK21 cultures was detected as early as 6 h p.i. and all the proteins were present 12h p.i. Additional non-structural virus-specific proteins were not observed. The NaCl hypertonic shock procedure, which differentially inhibits polypeptide chain initiation in different classes of mRNAs, was used to ihibit the synthesis of the G and M1 proteins relative to the others selectively. All the rabies virus proteins were synthesized simultaneously following release from hypertonic treatment, suggesting that there are independent polypeptide chain initiation sites for the synthesis of each of the rabies proteins and that each protein is derived via translation of monocistronic mRNA species.
High-resolution Video Generation Using Morphing (2006)

In imaging devices such as CCDs, there is a trade-off between the image resolution and frame rate because of the limitation of data transfer speed. This creates difficulties in producing a high-quality imaging system using only one sensor. Therefore, we use a camera that has two imaging sensors with different spatio-temporal resolutions. The camera captures a high-resolution image sequence at a low frame rate and a low-resolution image sequence at a video rate. We propose using an image-morphing method to generate high-resolution video sequences from these two image sequences.
daf-2, daf-16 and daf-23: genetically interacting genes controlling Dauer formation in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1994)

Under conditions of high population density and low food, Caenorhabditis elegans forms an alternative third larval stage, called the dauer stage, which is resistant to desiccation and harsh environments. Genetic analysis of some dauer constitutive (Daf-c) and dauer defective (Daf-d) mutants has revealed a complex pathway that is likely to function in particular neurons and/or responding tissues. Here we analyze the genetic interactions between three genes which comprise a branch of the dauer formation pathway that acts in parallel to or downstream of the other branches of the pathway, the Daf-c genes daf-2 and daf-23 and the Daf-d gene daf-16. Unlike mutations in other Daf-c genes, mutations in both daf-2 and daf-23 cause non-conditional arrest at the dauer stage. Our epistasis analysis suggests that daf-2 and daf-23 are functioning at a similar point in the dauer pathway. First, mutations in daf-2 and daf-23 are epistatic to mutations in the same set of Daf-d genes. Second, daf-2 and daf-23 mutants are suppressed by mutations in daf-16. Mutations in daf-16 do not suppress any of the other Daf-c mutants as efficiently as they suppress daf-2 and daf-23 mutants. Third, double mutants between either daf-2 or daf-23 and several other daf-d mutants exhibit an unusual interaction. Based on these results, we present a model for the function of daf-2, daf-23 and daf-16 in dauer formation.
Optimal User-Cell Association for Massive MIMO Wireless Networks (2014)

The use of a very large number of antennas at each base station site (referred to as "Massive MIMO") is one of the most promising approaches to cope with the predicted wireless data traffic explosion. In combination with Time Division Duplex and with simple per-cell processing, it achieves large throughput per cell, low latency, and attractive power efficiency performance. Following the current wireless technology trend of moving to higher frequency bands and denser small cell deployments, a large number of antennas can be implemented within a small form factor even in small cell base stations. In a heterogeneous network formed by large (macro) and small cell BSs, a key system optimization problem consists of "load balancing", that is, associating users to BSs in order to avoid congested hot-spots and/or under-utilized infrastructure. In this paper, we consider the user-BS association problem for a massive MIMO heterogeneous network. We formulate the problem as a network utility maximization, and provide a centralized solution in terms of the fraction of transmission resources (time-frequency slots) over which each user is served by a given BS. Furthermore, we show that such a solution is physically realizable, i.e., there exists a sequence of integer scheduling configurations realizing (by time-sharing) the optimal fractions. While this solution is optimal, it requires centralized computation. Then, we also consider decentralized user-centric schemes, formulated as non-cooperative games where each user makes individual selfish association decisions based only on its local information. We identify a class of schemes such that their Nash equilibrium is very close to the global centralized optimum. Hence, these user-centric algorithms are attractive not only for their simplicity and fully decentralized implementation, but also because they operate near the system "social" optimum.
A new methodology to estimate the steady-state permeability of roast and ground coffee in packed beds (2014)

In an espresso-style extraction hot water (90 ± 5 °C) is driven through a coffee packed bed by a pressure gradient to extract soluble material from the coffee matrix. Permeability is a key parameter affecting extraction as it determines the flow rate through the bed and hence brewing and residence time. This may alter bed-to-cup mass transfer and therefore impact brew quality. In this work a methodology that will allow estimation of the permeability of coffee packed beds in steady-state was developed. Fitting measured flow rate – pressure drop data to Darcy’s law resulted in permeability values in the range of 10−13–10−14 m2. Disagreement between the experimental and theoretical permeability, as estimated from dry measurements of particle size distribution and Kozeny–Carman equation, was found. Bed consolidation may have a larger effect on the packing structure than the mere decrease in bed bulk porosity. The Kozeny–Carman equation, corrected with a porosity-dependent tortuosity according to a power law, gave a good fit of the data.
Identification of a Second Dynamic State During Stick-Slip Motion (1993)

Stick-slip, or interrupted, motion rather than smooth uninterrupted motion occurs in many different phenomena such as friction, fluid flow, material fracture and wear, sound generation, and sensory "texture." During stick-slip, a system is believed to undergo transitions between a static (solid-like) state and a kinetic (liquid-like) state. The stick-slip motion between various types of pretreated surfaces was measured, and a second, much more kinetic state that exhibits ultra-low friction was found. Transitions to and from this super-kinetic state also give rise to stick-slip motion but are fundamentally different from conventional static-kinetic transitions. The results here suggest practical conditions for the control of unwanted stick-slip and the attainment of ultra-low friction.