gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
SPICE: Practical Device Modeling (1995)

Practical device modelling modelling capacitors, inductors and resistors modelling rectifier and zener diodes modelling bipolar and Darlington transistors modelling small signal MOSFETs and JFETs modelling power MOSFETs modelling analogue behavioural elements.
The Wolff--Kishner Reduction. I. The Preparation and Properties of N-Alkyl- and N,N-Dialkylhydrazones (1949)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Wolff--Kishner Reduction. I. The Preparation and Properties of N-Alkyl- and N,N-DialkylhydrazonesDavid. ToddCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1949, 71, 4, 1353–1355Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1949Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1949https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01172a061https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01172a061research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views489Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Down-Regulation of Caffeic Acid <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase in Maize Revisited Using a Transgenic Approach (2002)

Transgenic maize (Zea mays) plants were generated with a construct harboring a maize caffeic acid O-methyltransferase (COMT) cDNA in the antisense (AS) orientation under the control of the maize Adh1 (alcohol dehydrogenase) promoter. Adh1-driven beta-glucuronidase expression was localized in vascular tissues and lignifying sclerenchyma, indicating its suitability in transgenic experiments aimed at modifying lignin content and composition. One line of AS plants, COMT-AS, displayed a significant reduction in COMT activity (15%-30% residual activity) and barely detectable amounts of COMT protein as determined by western-blot analysis. In this line, transgenes were shown to be stably integrated in the genome and transmitted to the progeny. Biochemical analysis of COMT-AS showed: (a) a strong decrease in Klason lignin content at the flowering stage, (b) a decrease in syringyl units, (c) a lower p-coumaric acid content, and (d) the occurrence of unusual 5-OH guaiacyl units. These results are reminiscent of some characteristics already observed for the maize bm3 (brown-midrib3) mutant, as well as for COMT down-regulated dicots. However, as compared with bm3, COMT down-regulation in the COMT-AS line is less severe in that it is restricted to sclerenchyma cells. To our knowledge, this is the first time that an AS strategy has been applied to modify lignin biosynthesis in a grass species.
The Change in Surface Structure of Alumina Thin Film Prepared by Sol-Gel Method. (1993)

The alumina thin films were prepared by the sol-gel method using a 1, 3-butanediol solution of aluminium nitrate. The film usually had a homogeneous flat surface. However, the surface structure of the film obtained after the immersion in a deionized water at 100°C changed to the sponze-like surface texture which was composed of fibrillay particles of 50W100 nm in length. The Al/Si intensity ratio of XRFS of the film surface decreased just after the immersion and then became roughly constant after the immersion of 2 h. Consequently, the change in the surface structure to the sponze-like texture was concluded to be due to 1)the partial dissolution of alumina particles from the substrate, and 2) the subsequent linkage between alumina particles which still remained to form stable fibrallars on the substrate. It was also found that the aluminium amount in the film can be controlled by the solution pH, temperature and the immersion time.
Evidence for the interleukin-2 dependent expansion of leukemic cells in adult T cell leukemia (1987)

Interleukin 2 (IL-2) receptor/Tac antigen is abnormally expressed on cells of patients with adult T cell leukemia (ATL) caused by infection with human T lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). Twenty-five patients with ATL were examined to determine whether their leukemic cells continued to show IL-2-dependent proliferation. In 21 patients, the in vitro proliferation of HTLV-I-infected nonleukemic T cell clones was found to be dependent on IL-2. However, clonality analysis based on T cell receptor gene rearrangement profiles and the site of HTLV-I provirus integration revealed IL-2-dependent growth in leukemic cells in four patients with ATL. These results provide evidence for the IL-2- dependent proliferation of leukemic cells in some ATL patients.
Turning Cancer Stem Cells Inside Out: An Exploration of Glioma Stem Cell Signaling Pathways (2009)

Tumors are complex collections of heterogeneous cells with recruited vasculature, inflammatory cells, and stromal elements. Neoplastic cells frequently display a hierarchy in differentiation status. Recent studies suggest that brain tumors have a limited population of neoplastic cells called cancer stem cells with the capacity for sustained self-renewal and tumor propagation. Brain tumor stem cells contribute to therapeutic resistance and tumor angiogenesis. In this minireview, we summarize recent data regarding critical signaling pathways involved in brain tumor stem cell biology and discuss how targeting these molecules may contribute to the development of novel anti-glioma therapies.
A novel high power converter for non-contact charging with magnetic coupling (1994)

A novel non-contact battery charger of high power of high efficiency using a self-oscillated soft-switching converter and a high power detachable transformer is proposed. The starting of the oscillation, the stabilizing of the bias voltage and also the soft-switching are obtained by a simple driving circuit which is made of diodes and resistors. Using this converter, we have obtained a non-contact-type battery charger of 98% efficiency, under the condition of 1 kW output.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Feature-based retrieval of similar shapes (2002)

A shape similarity-based retrieval method for image databases that supports a variety of queries is proposed. It is flexible with respect to the choice of feature and definition of similarity and is implementable using existing multidimensional point access methods. A prototype system that handles the problems of distortion and occlusion is described. Experiments with one specific point access method (PAM) are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Sporothrix schenckii and Sporotrichosis (2011)

Sporotrichosis, which is caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii, is currently distributed throughout the world, especially in tropical and subtropical zones. Infection generally occurs by traumatic inoculation of soil, plants, and organic matter contaminated with the fungus. Certain leisure and occupational activities, such as floriculture, agriculture, mining, and wood exploitation, are traditionally associated with the mycosis. Zoonotic transmission has been described in isolated cases or in small outbreaks. Since the end of the 1990s there has been an epidemic of sporotrichosis associated with transmission by cats in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. More than 2,000 human cases and 3,000 animal cases have been reported. In humans, the lesions are usually restricted to the skin, subcutaneous cellular tissue, and adjacent lymphatic vessels. In cats, the disease can evolve with severe clinical manifestations and frequent systemic involvement. The gold standard for sporotrichosis diagnosis is culture. However, serological, histopathological, and molecular approaches have been recently adopted as auxiliary tools for the diagnosis of this mycotic infection. The first-choice treatment for both humans and cats is itraconazole.
Weather forecasting (2005)

The growth of wireless LANs has brought the expectation for high-bitrate streaming video to wireless PCs. However, it remains unclear how wireless channel characteristics impact the quality of streaming video sent over wireless LANs. This paper presents results from experiments that stream commercial video over a wireless campus network. By analyzing the streaming video quality and capturing wireless LAN characteristics across network and wireless link layers, "weather forecasts" are created such that selected wireless LAN performance indicators might be used to predict the streaming video quality. Furthermore, a quantified measurement of accuracy is presented to evaluate the effectiveness of individual weather forecasts. The paper evaluates six distinct weather forecasts four different streaming configurations including TCP and UDP streaming, and single and multiple-level encoded videos. The results show that the wireless Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) and average wireless link capacity are the most accurate indicators to predict the performance of streaming video over wireless LANs. The weather forecast philosophy can be beneficial for adapting video streaming in wireless LAN environments.
Convolutional Neural Network Training with Distributed K-FAC (2020)

Training neural networks with many processors can reduce time-to-solution; however, it is challenging to maintain convergence and efficiency at large scales. The Kroneckerfactored Approximate Curvature (K-FAC) was recently proposed as an approximation of the Fisher Information Matrix that can be used in natural gradient optimizers. We investigate here a scalable K-FAC design and its applicability in convolutional neural network (CNN) training at scale. We study optimization techniques such as layer-wise distribution strategies, inverse-free second-order gradient evaluation, and dynamic K-FAC update decoupling to reduce training time while preserving convergence. We use residual neural networks (ResNet) applied to the CIFAR10 and ImageNet-1k datasets to evaluate the correctness and scalability of our K-FAC gradient preconditioner. With ResNet-50 on the ImageNet-1k dataset, our distributed K-FAC implementation converges to the 75.9% MLPerf baseline in 18-25% less time than does the classic stochastic gradient descent (SGD) optimizer across scales on a GPU cluster.
Nonintrusive Pipeline-Inspection Techniques for Accurate Measurement of Hydrates and Waxes Within Operational Pipelines (2007)

Abstract This paper will describe the use of externally mounted, non-intrusive on-line diagnostic techniques for pipeline inspection that can be used to accurately measure the amount, location, and profile of any type of deposits within any pipeline. Therefore allowing timely intervention to take place reducing costs, allowing optimization of chemical treatments thus increasing environmental compliance and ensuring greater availability of the pipeline. Three methods will be described: Gamma-ray transmission scanning for accurate point measurements. Tomography measurements for detailed density mapping of pipeline contents. Radioisotope tracer injections to determine deposit profiles and inventory over long distances. The gamma-ray transmission technique uses a small sealed source and a sensitive radiation detector positioned on adjacent sides of the pipe. The measured radiation intensity is directly related to the amount of deposit in the pipeline. The Tomography scanning technique is an advanced method of gamma ray scanning. Multiple scans around a pipelines circumference using a single point source and a phased array of sensitive radiation detectors enables a very detailed density map of pipeline contents to be produced. The tracer injection technique requires the injection of a small sharp pulse of low activity radioactive tracer into the line, enabling the fluid velocity between externally mounted radiation detector data loggers to be measured to better than 0.1% accuracy. Comparing this to the pipeline flow rate for the duration of the tests enables the amounts of deposit between successive detectors to be calculated. The paper will give details of research work and results of several recent pipeline inspection projects.
Recombinant Fibrinogen Studies Reveal That Thrombin Specificity Dictates Order of Fibrinopeptide Release (2000)

During cleavage of fibrinogen by thrombin, fibrinopeptide A (FpA) release precedes fibrinopeptide B (FpB) release. To examine the basis for this ordered release, we synthesized A'beta fibrinogen, replacing FpB with a fibrinopeptide A-like peptide, FpA' (G14V). Analyses of fibrinopeptide release from A'beta fibrinogen showed that FpA release and FpA' release were similar; the release of either peptide followed simple first-order kinetics. Specificity constants for FpA and FpA' were similar, demonstrating that these peptides are equally competitive substrates for thrombin. In the presence of Gly-Pro-Arg-Pro, an inhibitor of fibrin polymerization, the rate of FpB release from normal fibrinogen was reduced 3-fold, consistent with previous data; in contrast, the rate of FpA' release from A'beta fibrinogen was unaffected. Thus, with A'beta fibrinogen, fibrinopeptide release from the beta chain is similar to fibrinopeptide release from the alpha chain. We conclude that the ordered release of fibrinopeptides is dictated by the specificity of thrombin for its substrates. We analyzed polymerization, following changes in turbidity, and found that polymerization of A'beta fibrinogen was similar to that of normal fibrinogen. We analyzed clot structure by scanning electron microscopy and found that clots from A'beta fibrinogen were similar to clots from normal fibrinogen. We conclude that premature release of the fibrinopeptide from the N terminus of the beta chain does not affect polymerization of fibrinogen.
Poro-elasto-plastic modeling of complex hydraulic fracture propagation: simultaneous multi-fracturing and producing well interference (2015)

With the increasing wide use of hydraulic fractures in the petroleum industry, it is essential to accurately predict the behavior of fractures based on the understanding of fundamental mechanisms governing the process. For effective reservoir exploration and development, hydraulic fracture pattern, geometry and associated dimensions are critical in determining well stimulation efficiency. In shale formations, non-planar, complex hydraulic fractures are often observed, due to the activation of preexisting natural fractures and the interaction between multiple, simultaneously propagating hydraulic fractures. The propagation of turning non-planar fractures due to the interference of nearby producing wells has also been reported. Current numerical simulation of hydraulic fracturing generally assumes planar crack geometry and weak coupling behavior, which severely limits the applicability of these methods in predicting fracture propagation under complex subsurface conditions. In addition, the prevailing approach for hydraulic fracture modeling also relies on linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) by assuming the rock behaves purely elastically until complete failure. LEFM can predict hard rock hydraulic fracturing processes reasonably, but often fails to give accurate predictions of fracture geometry and propagation pressure in ductile and quasi-brittle rocks, such as poorly consolidated/unconsolidated sands and ductile shales, even in the form of simple planar geometry. In this study, we present a fully coupled poro-elasto-plastic model for hydraulic fracture propagation based on the theories of extend finite element, cohesive zone method and Mohr–Coulomb plasticity, which is able to capture complex hydraulic fracture geometry and plastic deformations in reservoir rocks explicitly. To illustrate the capabilities of the model, example simulations are presented including ones involving simultaneously propagating multiple hydraulic fractures and producing well interference. The results indicate that both stress shadow effects and producing well interference can alter hydraulic fracture propagation behavior substantially, and shear failure in ductile reservoir rocks can indeed make a significant difference in fracturing pressure and final fracture geometry.
The WSSC Integrated System Implementation Project (1985)

The software development effort conducted for the Washington Suburban Sanitary Commission began in October, 1981 and has been in process since that date. The goal of the effort is to produce an integrated software environment that coordinates the efforts of three primary groups within the commission. This paper discusses the approach taken by L. DiGioia, Manager, Information Systems Division, in establishing the project direction taken in the development of the application systems targeted toward achieving an integrated environment for these operational groups. The paper describes the statement of the situation that existed at the WSSC in October, 1981, followed by the theoretical System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) approach that was employed throughout the project. Project staffing levels are then discussed. The reasons for the success of the project are identified in the section entitled Conclusions.
ALADIN: Active Learning of Anomalies to Detect Intrusion (2008)

This paper proposes using active learning combined with rare class discovery and uncertainty identification to statistically train a network traffic classifier. For ingress traffic, a classifier can be trained for a network intrusion detection or prevention system (IDS/IPS) while a classifier trained on egress traffic can detect malware on a corporate network. Active learning selects “interesting traffic” to be shown to a security expert for labeling. Unlike previous statistical misuse or anomaly-detection-based approaches to training an IDS, active learning substantially reduces the number of labels required from an expert to reach an acceptable level of accuracy and coverage. Our system defines “interesting traffic” in two ways, based on two goals for the system. The system is designed to discover new categories of traffic by showing examples of traffic for the analyst to label that do not fit a pre-existing model of a known category of traffic. The system is also designed to accurately classify known categories of traffic by requesting labels for examples which it cannot classify with high certainty. Combining these two goals overcomes many problems associated with earlier anomaly-detection based IDSs. Once trained, the system can be run as a fixed classifier with no further learning. Alternatively, it can continue to learn by labeling data on a particular network. In either case, the classifier is efficient enough to run in real-time for an IPS. We tested the system on the KDD-Cup-99 Network Intrusion Detection dataset, where the algorithm identifies more rare classes with approximately half the number of labels required by previous active learning based systems. We have also used the algorithm to find previously unknown malware on a large corporate network from a set of firewall logs.
Fractionation, Stability, and Isolate-Specificity of QTL for Resistance to<i>Phytophthora infestans</i>in Cultivated Tomato (<i>Solanum lycopersicum</i>) (2012)

Cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is susceptible to late blight, a major disease caused by Phytophthora infestans, but quantitative resistance exists in the wild tomato species S. habrochaites. Previously, we mapped several quantitative trait loci (QTL) from S. habrochaites and then introgressed each individually into S. lycopersicum. Near-isogenic lines (NILs) were developed, each containing a single introgressed QTL on chromosome 5 or 11. NILs were used to create two recombinant sub-NIL populations, one for each target chromosome region, for higher-resolution mapping. The sub-NIL populations were evaluated for foliar and stem resistance to P. infestans in replicated field experiments over two years, and in replicated growth chamber experiments for resistance to three California isolates. Each of the original single QTL on chromosomes 5 and 11 fractionated into between two and six QTL for both foliar and stem resistance, indicating a complex genetic architecture. The majority of QTL from the field experiments were detected in multiple locations or years, and two of the seven QTL detected in growth chambers were co-located with QTL detected in field experiments, indicating stability of some QTL across environments. QTL that confer foliar and stem resistance frequently co-localized, suggesting that pleiotropy and/or tightly linked genes control the trait phenotypes. Other QTL exhibited isolate-specificity and QTL × environment interactions. Map-based comparisons between QTL mapped in this study and Solanaceae resistance genes/QTL detected in other published studies revealed multiple cases of co-location, suggesting conservation of gene function.
Room-temperature operation of Ga(1−<i>x</i>)Al<i>x</i>As/GaAs double-heterostructure lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (1977)

Room-temperature pulsed laser operation of Ga(1−x)AlxAs/GaAs double-heterostructure lasers grown by metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MO-CVD) has been achieved. Threshold current densities as low as 1.2 kA/cm2 have been attained in totally internally reflecting devices. In broad-area Fabry-Perot diodes, threshold current densities as low as 3 kA/cm2 have been attained. These lasers are fabricated from five-layer epitaxial structures grown entirely by the MO-CVD process.
Magic-Numbered Au<i><sub>n</sub></i> Clusters Protected by Glutathione Monolayers (<i>n</i> = 18, 21, 25, 28, 32, 39):  Isolation and Spectroscopic Characterization (2004)

Small gold clusters (<1 nm) protected by a glutathione (GSH) monolayer were fractionated into six components by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and their chemical compositions were investigated by electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy. The results demonstrate isolation of a series of magic-numbered gold clusters, Au18(SG)11, Au21(SG)12, Au25+/-1(SG)14+/-1, Au28(SG)16, Au32(SG)18, and Au39(SG)23. Their optical absorption spectra are highly structured with clear absorption onsets, which shift toward higher energies with reduction of the core size. These molecular-like gold clusters exhibit visible photoluminescence. The results reported herein provide helpful guidelines or starting points for further experimental and theoretical studies on structures, stabilities, and optical properties of monolayer-protected gold clusters.
The Effect of Reversing Current on the Properties of Copper and Electrolytic Copper Powder. I. The Morphology of Powder Particles (2004)

The selective dissolution of copper dendrites during electrodeposition by reversing current was discussed and the effects on the morphology of copper powder particles were elucidated.
Effect of protein binding on antibiotic activity <i>in vivo</i> (1983)

Using a group of penicillins all belonging to the same chemical class, antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus was determined in vitro and also in vivo by use of an intraperitoneal infection in mice. The compounds all showed essentially the same level of activity in vitro but differed markedly in their activity in vivo. This activity in vivo could be correlated directly with the extent of binding in mouse serum.