gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
New dual section wind tunnel at the University of Canterbury (1976)

The design, construction and performance of an open circuit, dual working section, low speed wind tunnel is described. The main working section, 1.22m square and 12.2m long, is used for atmospheric boundary layer modelling, while a second working section, 0.76m square and 2.44m long, is used for acoustic studies. The tunnel is driven by a 50 kW two-stage contra-rotating aerofoil fan with flow speed control by impeller blade pitch adjustment. The suitability of such a system for a wind tunnel drive is discussed. The maximum mean speed in the long working section with boundary layer generating equipment installed is 18.6m/s, and in the low noise working section 38.7m/s. Most of the tunnel construction uses timber and aluminium alloy framework with wood and glass panelling. The remainder is in welded steel. Modifications to be made to the facility in 1975 to improve the performance are outlined.
Producer: A tool for translating Smalltalk-80 to Objective-C (1987)

Source to source translation tools provide a way of integrating the strengths of production programming environments like C/UNIX™ with rapid prototyping environments like Smalltalk-80™ into a comprehensive hybrid environment that spans more of the software development life-spiral than ever before. This paper describes a tool-assisted process for translating Smalltalk-80 programs into Objective-C™, and shows how the tool, called Producer, is used in practice. To assist others in using this translation tool, we have made Producer publicly available without charge on USENET.
Solubilization of flavopiridol by pH control combined with cosolvents, surfactants, or complexants (1999)

This study investigates the roles of both ionized and un-ionized species of flavopiridol in solubilization by complexation, micellization, and cosolvency. Control of pH was used in combination with surfactants (polysorbate 20 and polysorbate 80), cosolvents (ethanol and propylene glycol), as well as uncharged and anionic complexing agents [hydroxypropyl beta-cyclodextrin (HPbetaCD) and sulfobutyl ether beta-cyclodextrin (SBEbetaCD)] to solubilize flavopiridol. These combined techniques increase not only the solubility of the un-ionized flavopiridol but also the solubility of the ionized drug. This study confirms that previously developed equations effectively characterize the roles of pH, pK(a), and either complexation constant, micelle partition coefficient, or cosolvent solubilizing power in determining drug total aqueous solubility.
Cardiac Failure in C5-Deficient A/J Mice after<i>Candida albicans</i>Infection (2006)

The effect of a deficiency in the C5 component of complement on the pathophyisology of infection with the fungal pathogen Candida albicans was studied by using the A/J inbred mouse strain and the BcA17 congenic mouse strain. Acute infection caused by intravenous injection of C. albicans blastospores is associated with rapid fungal replication in the heart, brain, and, in particular, kidneys of C5-deficient mice. Histological studies and analysis of markers for tissue damage indicated that the heart is the organ that is most affected and that it ultimately fails in C5-deficient mice. In A/J and BcA17 mice, tissue damage is associated with (i) cellular infiltration in the heart, which is not seen in the kidney despite the higher fungal load in the latter organ, and (ii) a very strong inflammatory response, including elevated levels of many cytokines and chemokines. This results in cardiomyopathy, which is associated with elevated levels of creatine kinase and cardiac troponin I in the circulation. Damage to the cardiac muscle is associated with metabolic changes, including hypoglycemia, decreased lipid utilization resulting in elevated levels of cardiac triglycerides, and unproductive glucose utilization linked to a dramatic increase in the level of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (Pdk4), a negative regulator of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
[Prevalence of obesity in Hong Kong children and adolescents aged 3-18 years]. (1995)

A cross-sectional study on growth and development in Hong Kong children and adolescents ranging from their birth to 18 years of age was performed in 1993 and all the growth standards were constructed in the form of percentile chart. Those having a weight at one's median weight for height standard of 120% were defined as obesity. Prevalence of obesity in children and adolescents aged 3-18 was 10.08% (11.28% and 8.93% for boys and girls, respectively), which was higher than that in the inland of the country and that in Hong Kong as previously reported. Result showed there was a gradual increase in the prevalence after the age of 5, which reached a peak at the age of 11 for boys and 8 for girls.
Sequence and structure of the coronavirus peplomer protein. (1987)

Coronaviruses display a characteristic fringe of large (17–20 nm), clubshaped peplomers, each consisting of a di- or trimer of the peplomer protein (Cavanagh et al. 1983). The peplomer protein, E2, plays an important role during the infection proces. It mediates the binding of virions to the host-cell receptors and is involved in membrane fusion. In addition, the E2 protein appears to be a major inducer of protective immunity to coronaviral infection (reviewed by Sturman and Holmes, 1983)
Saccharides of seven Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotypes (1989)

The structures of O-specific polysaccharides obtained by mild acid degredation of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from seven Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fisher's immunotypes have been studied. The polysaccharides consist mainly of monoamino and diamino sugars, frequently also carrying acidic functions. Some of the sugars were detected in nature for the O-specific polysaccharides of the immunotypes 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 are identical to those of the polysaccharides of the 011; 0(2a)2c; 01; 010a, 10b and 07a, 7d Lányi-Bergan serological subgroups respectively, whereas no analogues have been found for the immunotypes 1 and 7. Some cross-reactions between the LPS of different immunotypes were observed in passive haemagglutination tests; the results of inhibition of passive haemagglutination and agar gel immunoprecipitation point, however, to a specificity of the LPS. Many of the LPS of the seven Pseudomonas aeruginosa immunotypes manifest rather a high cross-protective activity in active immunization tests in mice. The nature of the cross-protective activity of the LPS is discussed.
<i>Ab Initio</i> Study of Substituted Pyrenes for Blue Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (2006)

Luminescence efficiency of pyrene molecule is very low because of the aggregation effect of planar pyrene molecules. However, 1,3,6,8-tetra-substituted pyrenes with large electron donating group were reported to give a bright blue fluorescence [1 Sotoyama , W. , Sato , H. , Kinoshita , M. , Takahashi , T. , Matsuura , A. , Kosama , J. , Sawatari , N. , & Inoue , H. ( 2003 ). SID Digest , 45 , 1294 . [CSA] [Crossref] , [Google Scholar]]. In this paper, 1,6-bi-substituted and 1,4,6,9-tetra-substituted pyrenes as well as 1,3,6,8-tetra-substituted pyrenes were studied to find out the possibilities as the blue fluorescent materials of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) [2-4 Park , N. G. , Lee , J. E. , Park , Y. H. , & Kim , Y. S. ( 2004 ). Syth. Met. , 145 , 279 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] Lee , J. E. , Choi , G. C. , Park , N. G. , & Kim , Y. S. ( 2004 ). Curr. Appl. Phys. , 4 , 675 . [CSA] [CROSSREF] Lee , J. E. , Choi , G. C. , Rim , B. O. , Kim , S. M. , Park , N. G. , Ha , Y. K. , & Kim , Y. S. ( 2004 ). Mat. Sci. & Eng. , C24 , 269 . [INFOTRIEVE] [CSA] [CROSSREF] ]. Geometrical and electrical calculations were performed by ab initio methods. HF/3-21G(d) basis set was used for the geometry optimization of the ground electronic states of those compounds. The geometry of the low-lying excited electronic state was optimized using configuration interaction with single excitation (CIS) method. The vertical and adiabatic transition energies were calculated by time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) using the B1LYP functional with 6-31G(d) basis set. From calculational results, it was explained that the change in fluorescence wavelength was affected by the position and the number of substituents, through analyzing the change of energy levels of the highest occupied molecular orbitals (HOMOs) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbitals (LUMOs) of pyrene. Some of substituted pyrenes showed possibilities as stronger fluorescent materials. New efficient emitting materials for OLEDs were proposed from the calculation results obtained by tuning the position, the number of substitution and the species of substituting moiety.
Disorder-induced high-Q cavities in photonic crystal waveguides (2008)

We demonstrate experimentally that random departure from high-index-contrast periodicity in photonic crystal waveguides gives rise to spectral features that bear signatures of Anderson localization. Disorder-induced high-Q cavities are observed in a narrow frequency band close to the guided mode's cut-off where the light propagates with slow group velocity. Spectrally distinct quasi-states with Qs as high as ~250,000 are distributed at random locations along the waveguide and can find applications for example in optical sensing systems.
Storage options for petabytes of data (2008)

New instrumentation that produces extremely large quantities of data presents a challenge in data processing and management. The Solar Dynamics Observatory (SDO) will house instruments that will produce 1.4TB of data per day. Processing and storing that quantity of data is a serious challenge. The instrument team for the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) that will fly on SDO spent the last 2 weeks in September doing a large-scale side-by-side comparison of archive equipment from Apple, BlueArc, EMC, Network Appliance, SGI and Sun Microsystems. Each vendor provided 100TB of SATA disk space and the required servers to showcase their unique solutions to the problem of petabyte sized archives. The results of the testing demonstrate some of the options available in this arena. We will discuss the results of the testing, the differences and similarities between the vendors and the applicability of the technologies to various environments.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Nonclassical 2,4-Diamino-5-methylpyrido[2,3-<i>d</i>]pyrimidines with Novel Side Chain Substituents as Potential Inhibitors of Dihydrofolate Reductases (1997)

Nine novel 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-substituted-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines, 2-10, were synthesized as potential inhibitors of Pneumocystis carinii dihydrofolate reductase (pcDHFR) and Toxoplasma gondii dihydrofolate reductase (tgDHFR). Compounds 2-5 were designed as conformationally restricted analogues of trimetrexate (TMQ), in which rotation around tau 3 was constrained by incorporation of the side chain nitrogen as part of an indoline or an indole ring. Analogue 6, which has an extra atom between the side chain nitrogen and the phenyl ring, has its nitrogen as part of a tetrahydroisoquinoline ring. Analogues 7-9 are epiroprim (Ro 11-8958) analogues and contain a pyrrole ring as part of the side chain substitution on the phenyl ring similar to epiroprim. These analogues were designed to investigate the role of the pyrrole substitution on the phenyl ring of 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-(anilinomethyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Molecular modeling indicated that a pyrrole substituent in the ortho position of the side chain phenyl ring was most likely to interact with pcDHFR in a manner similar to the pyrrole moiety of epiroprim. Analogue 10, in which a phenyl ring replaced a methoxy group, was synthesized to determine the contribution of a phenyl ring on selectivity, lipophilicity, and cell penetration. The synthesis of analogues 2-4 was achieved via reductive amination of 2,4-diamino-5-methyl 6-carboxaldehyde with the appropriately substituted indolines. The indolines were obtained from the corresponding indoles via NaCNBH3 reductions. Analogues 5-10 were synthesized by nucleophilic displacement of 2,4-diamino-5-methyl-6-(bromomethyl)-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine with the 5-methoxyindolyl anion, 6,7-dimethoxytetrahydroisoquinoline, the appropriately substituted pyrroloaniline or 2-methoxy-5-phenylaniline. The pyrroloanilines were synthesized in two steps by treating the substituted nitroanilines with 2,5-dimethoxy-tetrahydrofuran to afford the nitropyrrole intermediates, followed by reduction of the nitro group with Raney Ni. The analogues were more potent than trimethoprim and epiroprim and more selective than TMQ and piritrexim against pcDHFR and tgDHFR. Compounds 5 and 10 had IC50 values of 1 and 0.64 microM, respectively, for the inhibition of the growth of T. gondii cells in culture, and showed excellent culture IC50/enzyme IC50 ratios, which were correlated with their calculated log P values, indicating a direct relationship between calculated lipophilicity and cell penetration.
Dual gate photo-thin film transistor with high photoconductive gain for high reliability, and low noise flat panel transparent imager (2011)

In this presentation, we report excellent electrical and optical characteristics of a dual gate photo thin film transistor (TFT) with bi-layer oxide channel, which was designed to provide virgin threshold voltage (V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> ) control, improve the negative bias illumination temperature stress (NBITS) reliability, and offer high photoconductive gain. In order to address the photo-sensitivity of phototransistor for the incoming light, top transparent InZnO (IZO) gate was employed, which enables the independent gate control of dual gate photo-TFT without having any degradation of its photosensitivity. Considering optimum initial V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> and NBITS reliability for the device operation, the top gate bias was judiciously chosen. In addition, the speed and noise performance of the photo-TFT is competitive with silicon photo-transistors, and more importantly, its superiority lies in optical transparency.
A study of the mechanisms for ESD damage to reticles (2002)

Reticles were exposed to the fringing field from an electrode biased to a high voltage. The reticles in the study included special reticles intended to benchmark the ESD hazard of a photobay and production reticles of a variety of feature sizes. It was found that without any electrical contact between the reticle and the electrode, reticle damage could be done. A wide bandwidth transient-EMI sensing antenna revealed that the reticle sparked when a voltage as low as 2000 V was applied to the electrode. The tests showed that the ESD threshold of reticles with smaller feature sizes was lower than for reticles with larger feature sizes. Reticles were scanned under a microscope for reticle damage. It was found that when the voltage was ramped to 17 kV and returned to zero, damage to the reticle was observed. When a voltage of 7.5 kV was applied once, no damage was observed but when it was applied 100 times, reticle damage was observed. This study confirms that ESD damage is done to a reticle by charged objects in the vicinity of the reticle in contrast with the prevailing belief that reticle damage is done only by charged reticles. The study also showed that reticles can be sufficiently damaged to cause printing errors due to the accumulated damage caused by repeated low level exposure to the fringing field of a charged object in the vicinity of the reticle.
Advanced Low NOx Combustors for Supersonic High-Altitude Aircraft Gas Turbines (1976)

In recent years, the role of oxides of nitrogen (NOX) within the overall production mechanism of photochemical smog has been recognized, if not completely understood, and in consequence, these oxides are currently considered as serious, immediate, environmental pollutants.
Identification of new sulfur-containing volatiles in yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa) (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIdentification of new sulfur-containing volatiles in yellow passionfruit (Passiflora edulis f. flavicarpa)Karl Heinz Engel and Roland TresslCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1991, 39, 12, 2249–2252Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf00012a030https://doi.org/10.1021/jf00012a030research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views711Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Gaussian Error Linear Units (GELUs) (2016)

We propose the Gaussian Error Linear Unit (GELU), a high-performing neural network activation function. The GELU activation function is $xΦ(x)$, where $Φ(x)$ the standard Gaussian cumulative distribution function. The GELU nonlinearity weights inputs by their value, rather than gates inputs by their sign as in ReLUs ($x\mathbf{1}_{x>0}$). We perform an empirical evaluation of the GELU nonlinearity against the ReLU and ELU activations and find performance improvements across all considered computer vision, natural language processing, and speech tasks.
First Demonstration of Helical Chirality in 1,4-Disubstituted (<i>Z,Z</i>)-1,3-Dienes:  R<sub>3</sub>Si−SnR‘<sub>3</sub>-Mediated Cyclization of 1,6-Diynes (2000)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTFirst Demonstration of Helical Chirality in 1,4-Disubstituted (Z,Z)-1,3-Dienes: R3Si−SnR'3-Mediated Cyclization of 1,6-DiynesSandra Gréau, Branko Radetich, and T. V. RajanBabuView Author Information Department of Chemistry, 100 West 18th Avenue The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2000, 122, 35, 8579–8580Publication Date (Web):August 19, 2000Publication History Received5 May 2000Published online19 August 2000Published inissue 1 September 2000https://doi.org/10.1021/ja0015500Copyright © 2000 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views772Altmetric-Citations47LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (122 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Carbon,Chirality,Cyclization,Molecular structure,Reaction products Get e-Alerts
Short Notices (1964)

Journal Article Short Notices Get access J. W. GOUGH J. W. GOUGH Oriel CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume LXXIX, Issue CCCX, January 1964, Pages 178-a–178, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/LXXIX.CCCX.178-a Published: 01 January 1964
Contact and Noncontact Ultrasonic Nondestructive Test in Reinforced Concrete Beam (2018)

Contact‐type ultrasonic test is commonly used in construction industry where gel‐couplant is applied to the material being tested and the transducers to assure that wave propagation will travel through without any air gaps. However, this method has disadvantages, since surface preparation is considered prior to testing. Another method of testing without the worry of air gaps that causes scattering of waves before it reaches the medium is the use of the noncontact ultrasonic test. In particular, the air‐coupled ultrasonic test is done in this paper for reinforced concrete beams. Sixteen plain concrete cube specimens under the compression test and six reinforced concrete beam specimens under the four‐point bending test are made with water‐cement ratio of 40% and 60%. The plain concrete cubes are investigated to establish the relationship of the contact ultrasonic test and load. Added parameters are considered to investigate the sensitivity of the contact and noncontact ultrasonic test in reinforced concrete beams. These are ultrasonic wave path and the neutral axis index. It shows that the higher water‐cement ratio produces good sensitivity in the noncontact ultrasonic test, since it produces more cracks on the tension face. Lower water‐cement ratio gives good sensitivity with load for the contact ultrasonic test, since it has its ultrasonic wave path passing through the concrete experiencing compression. In addition, the neutral axis index for a member subjected to bending is an important factor in assessing the sensitivity of both contact and noncontact ultrasonic test.
UHV STM nanofabrication: progress, technology spin-offs, and challenges (1997)

A brief review of scanned probe nanofabrication is presented followed by an in-depth discussion of ultrahigh vacuum (UHV) scanning tunneling microscope (STM) nanofabrication on hydrogen passivated silicon surfaces. In this latter case the UHV STM functions as a nanolithography tool by selectively desorbing hydrogen from silicon surfaces. Patterns of clean Si, down to atomic dimensions, are achieved as well as detailed information about the H-desorption mechanisms. At higher sample voltages direct electron stimulated desorption occurs, whereas, at lower voltages, vibrational heating of the Si-H bond leads to desorption. The chemical contrast between clean and H-passivated silicon enables a wide variety of spatially selective nanoscale chemical reactions. Results are presented in which these templates are used for selective oxidation, nitridation, and metallization by chemical vapor deposition. An unexpected byproduct of this research was the discovery that deuterium is about two orders of magnitude more difficult to desorb from silicon than hydrogen. This served as the basis for the idea of treating CMOS transistors with deuterium to reduce their susceptibility to hot carrier degradation effects. Tests have now shown that the lifetimes of CMOS transistors increase by factors of 10 to 50 when deuterium treatment is substituted for the traditional hydrogen processing.