gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Advancement of scramjet MHD concept (2000)

A comparative thermodynamic analysis of several schemes of scramjets has been performed. A conventional scheme and its two alternative versions were considered. These versions differ by incorporation of MHD devices into the propulsion system flow train. The first version relates to the earlier developed AJAX concept, and the second one is the concept modification, proposed in the paper, that represents a combination of MHD generator with downstream part of combustor. The cycles under study were composed of elementary thermodynamic processes. In numerical modeling of these processes the real air properties were used because of wide range of thermodynamic parameters variation. Engineering limitatioas on the maximum allowable values of static tempemture in the flow train and velocity in the combustor were introduced. It was found out that under flight conditions chosen for the analysis the conventional design of the scramjet does not meet the limitations. That may be provided in the AJAX concept, but in this case dissipation losses increase significantly, and the propulsion system specific thrust is reduced. A modification of the AJAX concept with the combustion heat bypassing from combustor into the nozzle allows to obtain high integral parameters of the cycle with compliance within imposed engineering constraints.
SOLID STATE LASERS TUNABLE IN THE VISIBLE SPECTRUM AND NON-LINEAR MATERIALS IN GLASSES (1991)

A new family of solid state photostable tunable lasers in the visible is prepared by incorporation of a number of perylimide dyes into inorganic glasses or into composite materials prepared from inorganic glass with organic polymers. The lasers may be prepared in a bulk form or in thin films on a glass support, enabling single mode operation. The same techniques are also used for preparation of nonlinear materials whereby a large number of organic molecules or semiconductor particles are introduced into the glasses.
Enveloping porphyrins for efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (2012)

A series of porphyrins bearing alkoxyl and/or alkyl chains were prepared to investigate the roles of alkoxyl/alkyl chains in the enhanced photovoltaic performance of the dyes. Based on the experimental results and the molecular simulations, we demonstrated that suitable long alkoxyl chains are capable of wrapping the porphyrin core, thus resulting in decreased dye aggregation, elevated excited states and LUMOs, and improved photovoltaic performance.
Correlation between Soluble <i>α</i>-Klotho and Renal Function in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Review and Meta-Analysis (2018)

There exists a significant positive correlation between soluble <i>α</i>-Klotho and eGFR in patients with CKD. Also, a significant negative correlation between <i>α</i>-Klotho and FGF23 levels is proven. This raises hope to employ <i>α</i>Klotho and FGF23 as early biomarkers of CKD. However, further large prospective follow-up researches are needed to validate this hypothesis and to explore whether maintaining or elevating the Klotho level could improve renal function and complications in CKD patients.
Studies of the Coagulation System in Arenaviral Hemorrhagic Fever: Experimental Infection of Strain 13 Guinea Pigs with Pichinde Virus (1987)

Significant coagulation abnormalities were associated with experimental infection of strain 13 guinea pigs with Pichinde virus, an arenavirus related to the virulent human pathogens Junin, Machupo, and Lassa viruses. Infected animals developed decreased activity of multiple coagulation factors, decreased antithrombin III levels, high levels of fibrin-fibrinogen degradation products, impaired platelet function, and thrombocytopenia. Testing for the presence of a coagulation inhibitor revealed a pattern consistent with factor deficiency. Fibrin thrombi were not found at necropsy. The findings of high fibrin-fibrinogen degradation product levels and decreased antithrombin III levels, in association with decreased activity of multiple coagulation factors and thrombocytopenia, suggest that intravascular coagulation is a feature of this experimental infection. The demonstration of abnormal platelet function is also significant, as this could contribute to defective hemostasis despite the moderate thrombocytopenia which usually occurs in arenaviral disease.
Propagation characteristics of coherent array beams from carbon dioxide waveguide lasers (1996)

The characteristics of coherent array beams generated by waveguide carbon dioxide laser structures have been investigated, with particular emphasis on their propagation and transformation properties. Methods of array beam generation are presented, and measurements of array beam quality are given through the use of the M/sup 2/ parameter. Efficient transformation of an array beam from the antisymmetric to symmetric pattern is achieved through the use of a binary phase plate, and spatial filtering is shown to improve the beam quality at the expense of only a moderate loss of total beam power. Coherence effects in the near-field propagation of array beams are also explored.
Soft-Decision Detection for Iterative MIMO Systems (2017)

다중 입출력 시스템에서 반복 복호가 가능한 오류 정정 부호의 적용은 샤논의 채널 용량에 근접한 성능을 얻는 것을 가능하게 한다. 터보 또는 LDPC(Low Density Parity Check) 부호와 같은 강력한 오류 정정 부호의 적용을 위해서는 수신단의 신호 검출 과정에서 연판정 정보를 생성해야 한다. MIMO(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output) 시스템의 수신 기술의 복잡도는 일반적으로 고려되는 후보 심볼 벡터의 개수에 비례하여 증가하며, 모든 송신 가능한 벡터를 고려하는 ML(Maximum Likelihood) 신호 검출 기법은 신뢰도가 높은 연판정 값을 발생하여 최적의 성능을 달성하나 계산 복잡도가 상당히 증가한다. 본 논문에서는 낮은 복잡도로 연판정 값의 출력이 가능한 효율적인 알고리즘을 제안하고, 컴퓨터 모의실험을 통해 BER(Bit Error Rate) 성능을 분석하여 제안된 방식의 신뢰도를 검증한다.
A Comparative Study of the Boundary Control of Buck Converters Using First- and Second-Order Switching Surfaces -Part I: Continuous Conduction Mode (2006)

A comparative study on the performance characteristics of the buck converters with boundary control using the first-order switching surface (sigma <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> ) and a recently proposed second-order switching surface (sigma <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ) is presented. Performance attributes under investigation include the average output voltage, output ripple voltage, switching frequency, and large-signal characteristics. Special emphases are given to investigate the effects of the equivalent series resistance of the output capacitor on the above attributes, and the sensitivity of the output voltage against the variations of the input voltage and circuit component values. Generally, converters with sigma <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> are found to exhibit better dynamic responses than the ones with sigma <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1</sup> . The theoretical predictions are favorably verified with the experimental results of a 120 W buck converter
Sur un probleme de magnetostatique relatif a des couches minces ferromagnetiques (1962)

International audience
Prostate-specific antigen: how to advise patients as the screening debate continues. (2005)

There is still no consensus on whether prostate-specific antigen (PSA) measurement should be used as a screening test for prostate cancer, but patients have the right to be informed about its risks and possible benefits. PSA testing is more likely to be beneficial in relatively young men and men at higher risk (ie, African Americans and men with a family history of prostate cancer). A possible schedule is to test at age 40, age 45, and every 2 to 3 years from age 50 until about age 75.
Hydroxyethylcellulose and Its Uses (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHydroxyethylcellulose and Its UsesW. E. Gloor, B. H. Mahlman, and R. D. UllrichCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1950, 42, 10, 2150–2153Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1950https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50490a040https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50490a040research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views262Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Experimental validation of vehicle sideslip angle observers (2004)

This paper compares four observers (virtual sensors) of vehicle sideslip angle. The first is linear and uses a linear vehicle model. The remaining observers use an extended nonlinear model. The three nonlinear observers are: extended Luenberger observer, extended Kalman filter and sliding mode observer. Modeling, model simplification and observers are described. The different observers use sensors available on actual standard car: the yaw rate and the vehicle speed. This study validates observers on simulated data from a recognized simulator Callas and on experimental data acquired on the Heudiasyc laboratory car. An optical speed sensor "Correvit" is used to acquire the sideslip angle.
Bioelectrochemical Production of Caproate and Caprylate from Acetate by Mixed Cultures (2013)

The use of mixed cultures to convert waste biomass into medium chain fatty acids, precursors for renewable fuels or chemicals, is a promising route. To convert waste biomass into medium chain fatty acids, an external electron donor in the form of hydrogen or ethanol needs to be added. This study investigated whether the cathode of a bioelectrochemical system can be used as the electron donor for the conversion of acetate into medium chain fatty acids. We show that medium chain fatty acids were produced in a bioelectrochemical system at −0.9 V vs NHE cathode potential, without addition of an external mediator. Caproate, butyrate, and smaller fractions of caprylate were the main products formed from acetate. In-situ produced hydrogen was likely involved as an electron donor for the reduction of acetate. Electron and carbon balances revealed that 45% of the electrons in electric current and acetate, and 31% of the carbon from acetate were recovered in the formed products. This study showed for the first time production of medium chain fatty acids caproate and caprylate from acetate at the cathode of bioelectrochemical systems and offers new opportunities for application of bioelectrochemical systems.
Development and implementation the range management system in a multi-flow fabricator (2002)

Semiconductor manufacturers are continually working to reduce time-to-market in an effort to improve serviceability while decreasing operating costs. IBMs Microelectronics Division semiconductor manufacturing facility in Essex Junction, Vermont, recently embarked upon an initiative to accomplish this with a comprehensive operations management system. Operations management is a system that groups wafer processing operations into 24-hour segments, or ranges, incorporating the raw process times of each processing operation with the required cycle time of the fabricator. Each day, work in process (WIP) is moved within each range of each manufacturing operation during a 24-hour period, thereby creating a productivity flow through the entire line. By reducing the variability of a lines operations, inventory and cycle time can be reduced and customer demands met. This paper discusses the philosophy, planning, and implementation of the operations management system in this fabricator. It will also discuss traditional operations management and the theory of constraint management, as well as how, through a team-oriented effort, the process was modified to fit this multi-flow, multi-technology process line. Results, challenges and the learning derived as a result of implementing this management system will also be shared.
Proteins and Protein-Rich Biomass as Environmentally Friendly Adsorbents Selective for Precious Metal Ions (2007)

Proteins exhibit specific interactions with various metal ions, which play important roles in a living cell. Here, we found that various proteins selectively adsorbed precious metal ions at a wide range of pH values. Studies on protein sequences and on synthesized peptides revealed that a histidine-containing sequence had specific interactions with precious metal ions (Au3+ and Pd2+). We then investigated a few types of protein-rich biomass as adsorbents for precious metal ions. In the presence of various transition metal ions, Au3+ and Pd2+ were also selectively adsorbed onto the biomass tested. The bound precious metal ions were recovered by aqua regia after charring the metal-bound biomass. Finally, we demonstrated the successful recovery of Au3+ and Pd2+ from a metal refining solution and a metal plating waste using the biomass. We propose an environmentally friendly recycling system for precious metal ions using protein-rich biomass.
Curbing the nonsense: the activation and regulation of mRNA surveillance: Figure 1. (2001)

Gene expression requires the coordination and integration of multiple processes, including transcription, splicing, polyadenylation, nucleocytoplasmic export, and translation of mRNAs. Such complexity inevitably results in errors, many of which ultimately lead to premature termination of translation. Additionally, nonsense mutations can be introduced during DNA replication and are the cause of 20% to 40% of human genetic diseases (Frischmeyer and Dietz 1999). The truncated proteins encoded by these mutant mRNAs are potentially toxic to the cell, and therefore, a mechanism, known as mRNA surveillance or nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), has evolved to recognize mRNAs containing premature termination codons (PTCs) and cause their degradation to be accelerated.
Distance Measures for Time Series in R: The TSdist Package (2016)

The definition of a distance measure between time series is crucial for many time series data mining tasks, such as clustering and classification. For this reason, a vast portfolio of time series distance measures has been published in the past few years. In this paper, the TSdist package is presented, a complete tool which provides a unified framework to calculate the largest variety of time series dissimilarity measures available in R at the moment, to the best of our knowledge. The package implements some popular distance measures which were not previously available in R, and moreover, it also provides wrappers for measures already included in other R packages. Additionally, the application of these distance measures to clustering and classification tasks is also supported in TSdist, directly enabling the evaluation and comparison of their performance within these two frameworks.
Crystal Structures of HIV-1 Tat-derived Nonapeptides Tat-(1–9) and Trp2-Tat-(1–9) Bound to the Active Site of Dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (CD26) (2005)

CD26 or dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPPIV) is engaged in immune functions by co-stimulatory effects on activation and proliferation of T lymphocytes, binding to adenosine deaminase, and regulation of various chemokines and cytokines. DPPIV peptidase activity is inhibited by both Tat protein from human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 and its N-terminal nonapeptide Tat-(1-9) with amino acid sequence MDPVDPNIE, suggesting that DPPIV mediates immunosuppressive effects of Tat protein. The 2.0- and 3.15-A resolution crystal structures of the binary complex between human DPPIV and nonapeptide Tat-(1-9) and the ternary complex between the variant MWPVDPNIE, called Trp(2)-Tat-(1-9), and DPPIV bound to adenosine deaminase show that Tat-(1-9) and Trp(2)-Tat-(1-9) are located in the active site of DPPIV. The interaction pattern of DPPIV with Trp(2)-Tat-(1-9) is tighter than that with Tat-(1-9), in agreement with inhibition constants (K(i)) of 2 x 10(-6) and 250 x 10(-6) m, respectively. Both peptides cannot be cleaved by DPPIV because the binding pockets of the N-terminal 2 residues are interchanged compared with natural substrates: the N-terminal methionine occupies the hydrophobic S1 pocket of DPPIV that normally accounts for substrate specificity by binding the penultimate residue. Because the N-terminal sequence of the thromboxane A2 receptor resembles the Trp(2)-Tat-(1-9) peptide, a possible interaction with DPPIV is postulated.
ADEPTS: Adaptive Intrusion Response Using Attack Graphs in an E-Commerce Environment (2005)

Distributed systems with multiple interacting services, especially e-commerce systems, are suitable targets for malicious attacks because of the potential financial impact. Compared to intrusion detection, automated response has received relatively less attention. In this paper, we present the design of automated response mechanisms in an intrusion tolerant system called ADEPTS. Our focus is on enforcing containment in the system, thus localizing the intrusion and allowing the system to provide service, albeit degraded. ADEPTS uses a graph of intrusion goals, called I-GRAPH, as the underlying representation in the system. In response to alerts from an intrusion detection framework, ADEPTS executes algorithms to determine the spread of the intrusion and the appropriate responses to deploy. A feedback mechanism evaluates the success of a deployed response and uses that in guiding future choices. ADEPTS is demonstrated on a distributed e-commerce system and evaluated using a survivability metric.
The Role of Maturation Drying in the Transition from Seed Development to Germination (1989)

During mid-development (25–40 d after pollination: DAP) of the castor bean seed the amount of abscisic acid (ABA) increases in both the endosperm and the embryo, declining substantially thereafter until there is little present in the mature dry (60 DAP) seed. Premature desiccation of the seed at 35 DAP also leads to a major decline in ABA within the embryo and endosperm. Partial water loss from the seed at 35 DAP which, like natural and premature desiccation, leads to subsequent germination upon return of the seed to full hydration, causes a much smaller decline in ABA levels. In contrast, ABA declines substantially in the non-dried (hydrated) control at 35 DAP, but the seeds do not germinate. Hence, a clear negative correlation between ABA content and germinability is not observed. Both drying, whether natural or imposed prematurely, and partial drying decrease the sensitivity of the isolated embryo to exogenous ABA by about 10-fold. The protein synthetic response of the castor bean embryo exposed to 0.1 mol m−3 ABA following premature desiccation exhibits some similarity to the response of the non-dried developing embryo—in both cases the synthesis of some developmental proteins is enhanced by ABA, and germination is suppressed. Germination of mature seeds is also suppressed by 0.1 mol m−3 ABA, but the same developmental proteins are not synthesized. In the cotyledons of prematurely-desiccated seed, some proteins are hydrolysed upon imbibition in 0.1 mol m−3 ABA, a phenomenon that occurs also in the cotyledons of similarly treated mature embryos, but not in developing non-dried embryos. Hence the embryo exhibits an ‘intermediate’ response upon rehydration in 0.1 mol m−3 ABA following premature desiccation; viz. some of the responses are developmental and some germinative. Following natural or imposed drying, the isolated embryo becomes relatively insensitive to 0.01 mol m−3 ABA: germination is elicited and post-germinative reserve breakdown occurs in the radicle and cotyledons. The reduced sensitivity of the embryo to ABA as a consequence of desiccation may be an important factor in eliciting the switch to germination and growth within the whole seed.
DPAC: an object-oriented distributed and parallel computing framework for manufacturing applications (2002)

Parallel and distributed computing infrastructures are increasingly being embraced in the context of manufacturing applications, including real-time scheduling. We present the design and implementation of one such framework that can work on the Internet, with applications in manufacturing. The architecture, DPAC (distributed and parallel computing framework), has the goal of harnessing the Internet's vast, growing computational capacity for ultra-large, coarse-grained parallel applications. The idea is to bring together diverse, heterogeneous, geographically distributed computing environments in order to attack large-scale computing problems. We present a scalable and fault-tolerant architecture in DPAC and the results of running performance experiments. DPAC is implemented on the interoperable, increasingly secure, and ubiquitous platform Java. The unique feature of DPAC is that it frees application developers from concerns about complex interprocess communication and fault tolerance among Internet-worked hosts and supports piecework and branch-and-bound computational models. We describe an implementation and present case studies showing the effectiveness in solving complex combinatorial optimization problems in the context of manufacturing systems.
A 3D model of the thorax for seismocardiography (2015)

Seismocardiography (SCG) is measurement of sternal acceleration caused by heart beats. Although fiducial cardiac events have been associated with seismocardiogram extrema, the forces that cause the vibrations are unknown. The goal of this study was to create a 3D model of the thorax capable of modelling its vibrations under heart-like forces. We used the standard equations for damped elastic wave propagation. The mechanical properties of sternal and costal bone, as well as costal cartilage and lung tissue were identified. Displacement was fixed at 0 where the ribs reached the spine, a force was input where the heart was in direct contact with the thorax. The simulation was run on a life-like volume mesh. A zone of observation was identified on the xiphoid process, where normal displacement was averaged. This average was considered to simulate seismocardiograms and exhibited clear fiducial point analogs that were detectable automatically. In the next steps, we will couple the thoracic deformation model to a 3D beating heart model, incorporating contact boundary conditions that take into account the pericardium. Ultimately, we will create a thoracic model capable of returning seismocardiogram signals to enable solving inverse problems, and patient-specific modelling.
Long non-coding RNAs and human disease (2012)

The central dogma of molecular biology states that DNA is transcribed into RNA, which in turn is translated into proteins. We now know, however, that as much as 50% of the transcriptome has no protein-coding potential, but rather represents an important class of regulatory molecules responsible for the fine-tuning of gene expression. Although the role of small regulatory RNAs [microRNAs and siRNAs (small interfering RNA)] is well defined, another much less characterized category of non-coding transcripts exists, namely lncRNAs (long non-coding RNAs). Pervasively expressed by eukaryotic genomes, lncRNAs can be kilobases long and regulate their targets by influencing the epigenetic control, chromatin status, mRNA processing or translation capacity of their targets. In the present review, I outline the potential mechanisms of action of lncRNAs, the cellular processes that have been associated with them, and also explore some of the emerging evidence for their involvement in common human disease.