gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Presence of a beta II protein kinase C-selective nuclear membrane activation factor in human leukemia cells. (1994)

In human promyelocytic (HL60) leukemia cells beta II protein kinase C (PKC) is selectively translocated to the nucleus in response to proliferative stimuli. At the nucleus, beta II PKC directly phosphorylates the nuclear envelope polypeptide lamin B at two consensus PKC phosphorylation sites, Ser395 and Ser405. Phosphorylation of these sites by beta II PKC leads to solubilization of lamin B indicative of mitotic nuclear envelope breakdown in vitro (Hocevar, B.A., Burns, D.J., and Fields, A.P. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 7545-7552). We have now investigated the molecular basis for beta II PKC-selective nuclear translocation and lamin B phosphorylation using an in vitro reconstitution system. We find that beta II PKC phosphorylates nuclear envelope lamin B at 10-20 times the rate of alpha PKC, whereas both kinases phosphorylate soluble lamin B at similar rates. Comparative tryptic phosphopeptide analysis demonstrates that alpha PKC and beta II PKC phosphorylate identical sites, Ser395 and Ser405, on soluble lamin B. These data suggest that a component(s) of the nuclear envelope confers beta II PKC-selective nuclear activation and lamin B phosphorylation. Extraction of nuclear envelopes with either non-ionic detergent (2% n-octyl glucoside) or organic solvent (CHCl3/CH3OH/H2O; 10:10:3) abolishes beta II PKC-selective phosphorylation of nuclear lamin B. Nuclear membrane extracts reconstitute beta II PKC-selective phosphorylation, indicating the presence of a beta II PKC-selective nuclear membrane activation factor (NMAF). NMAF selectively activates beta II PKC histone H1 kinase activity 3-4-fold above the level achieved with optimal concentrations of Ca2+, diacylglycerol, and phosphatidylserine. Finally, NMAF activity is not affected by exhaustive protease treatment, suggesting that it is a nuclear membrane lipid(s) or lipid metabolite. These data suggest that NMAF plays a physiologic role in the nuclear activation of beta II PKC.
Use of Disulfiram for Alcohol Relapse Prevention in Patients in Opioid Maintenance Treatment (2014)

Disulfiram is a viable treatment option for the high-risk population studied here. A close monitoring of side effects and adverse events is necessary, in particular, in patients with polysubstance use.
Survey for Ixodes spp. and Borrelia burgdorferi in southeastern Wisconsin and northeastern Illinois (1991)

Forested areas adjacent to Milwaukee, Wis., and Chicago, Ill., were investigated for rodents and ticks infected with Borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of Lyme disease. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus or Peromyscus maniculatus), meadow voles (Microtus pennsylvanicus), and eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus) were captured; and specimens from these animals were cultured for B. burgdorferi to define whether the midwestern Lyme disease area currently encompasses these large metropolitan centers. During 1988, B. burgdorferi was successfully cultured from the tissues of two M. pennyslvanicus voles captured from the Chicago area. However, no Ixodes spp. ticks were captured. None of 274 animals captured from sites I3 and 12 additional sites in Wisconsin and Illinois during the summer of 1989 were infected with B. burgdorferi or Ixodes spp. In addition, no ticks were recovered when the underbrush in 11 contiguous areas was flagged. Apparently, B. burgdorferi is rarely found in these areas because of the absence of the appropriate tick vectors. Further studies are needed to monitor the dispersal of B. burgdorferi-infected Ixodes dammini into this heavily populated midwestern region.
Addressing the Future of Clinical Information Systems—Web-Based Multilayer Visualization (2007)

This paper addresses some key issues relating to the development of new technology for clinical information systems (CIS) in relation to imaging and visualizing data. With the increasing importance of molecular and cellular biology, a new type of medicine, molecular based medicine, is now developing. This will significantly alter the way in which medicine is practiced. The view is presented that CIS will need to operate seamlessly across the Biological Continuum, i.e., the hierarchy of the human organism comprising systems, viscera, tissue, cells, proteins, and genes. We propose a multilayered visualization interface, which operates across the Biological Continuum, based on Web-based technology. A visualization interface package for two-dimensional and three-dimensional image data at the visceral and cellular levels is described. Two application examples are presented: 1) MR knee images, at the visceral level and 2) endothelial nuclei images, acquired from confocal laser microscopy, at the cellular level.
A Novel Reactive Functionalization of Polyolefin Elastomers: Direct Functionalization of Poly(isobutylene-<i>co</i>-<i>p</i>-methylstyrene) by a Friedel-Crafts Acylation Reaction (1998)

Copolymers of isobutylene and p-methylstyrene [poly (IB-PMS)] represent a new type of elastomer with a saturated hydrocarbon backbone. This polymer has many desirable properties such as good environmental and aging resistance. However, these polymers have low reactivity and are incompatible with most other polymeric materials. We have developed a new method of directly modifying poly (IB-PMS) copolymer by the electrophilic substitution reaction of aromatic rings of the copolymer using Friedel-Crafts acylation chemistry. This paper deals primarily with synthesis and characterization of functionalized poly (IB-PMS) copolymers using succinic anhydride as an acylating agent and a Lewis acid, aluminum chloride, as a catalyst. This ring functionalization approach enables selective functionalization of the aromatic ring of p-methylstyrene in the copolymer. This is a general approach that can be extended to other catalysts or acylating agents to generate different functionalized polymers.
Fabrication of multi-wavelength lasers by selective intermixing of Si-doped GaAs/AlGaAs quantum wells (2002)

Intermixing of the column III atoms in III-V semiconductor heterostructures has attracted considerable interest for the fabrication of optoelectronic devices, since it allows modification of the potential profiles of the heterostructure after material growth, which offers a freedom for the fabrication of novel optoelectronic devices. Among the techniques for enhancing the interdiffusion of Al and Ga is the use of impurity doping. It has been shown that the intermixing of doped quantum wells (QW) can be controlled by the surface condition. For a Si-doped GaAs/AlGaAs QW, intermixing can be achieved under a SiN/sub x/ cap with a larger wavelength shift; while intermixing can be prohibited under a bare surface with no wavelength shift. Using this approach, two-dimensional control of the intermixing is possible by patterning a SiN/sub x/ cap on the surface of the QW structure. In this paper, we demonstrate a dual wavelength laser fabricated from a Si-doped GaAs/AlGaAs QW laser structure.
Propensity score adjustment as a weighting scheme for volunteer panel web surveys (2006)

Many complex genetic effects, including epigenetic effects, may be expected to operate via mechanisms in the inter-uterine environment. A popular design for the investigation of such effects, including effects of parent-of-origin (imprinting), maternal genotype, and maternal-fetal genotype interactions, is to collect DNA from affected offspring and their mothers (case/mother duos) and to compare with an appropriate control sample. An alternative design uses data from cases and both parents (case/parent trios) but does not require controls. In this study, we describe a novel implementation of a multinomial modeling approach that allows the estimation of such genetic effects using either case/mother duos or case/parent trios. We investigate the performance of our approach using computer simulations and explore the sample sizes and data structures required to provide high power for detection of effects and accurate estimation of the relative risks conferred. Through the incorporation of additional assumptions (such as Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, random mating and known allele frequencies) and/or the incorporation of additional types of control sample (such as unrelated controls, controls and their mothers, or both parents of controls), we show that the (relative risk) parameters of interest are identifiable and well estimated. Nevertheless, parameter interpretation can be complex, as we illustrate by demonstrating the mathematical equivalence between various different parameterizations. Our approach scales up easily to allow the analysis of large-scale genome-wide association data, provided both mothers and affected offspring have been genotyped at all variants of interest.
FPGA accelerated tate pairing based cryptosystems over binary fields (2006)

Tate pairing based cryptosystems have recently emerged as an alternative to traditional public key cryptosystems because of their ability to be used in multi-party identity-based key management schemes. Due to the inherent parallelism of the existing pairing algorithms, high performance can be achieved via hardware realizations. Three schemes for Tate pairing computations have been proposed in the literature: cubic elliptic, binary elliptic, and binary hyperelliptic. For our implementation we have chosen the binary elliptic case because of the simple underlying algorithms and efficient binary arithmetic. In this paper, we propose a new FPGA-based architecture of the Tate pairing-based computation over the binary fields F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2239</sub> and F <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2283</sub> . Even though our field sizes are larger than in the architectures based on cubic elliptic curves or binary hyperelliptic curves with the same security strength, nevertheless fewer multiplications in the underlying field need to performed. As a result, the computational latency for a pairing computation has been reduced, and our implementation runs 10-to-20 times faster than the equivalent implementations of other pairing-based schemes at the same level of security strength. At the same time, an improvement in the product of latency by area by a factor between 12 and 46 for an equivalent type of implementation has been achieved
Deletions of the survival motor neuron gene in unaffected siblings of patients with spinal muscular atrophy. (1995)

DNA studies in 103 spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) patients from The Netherlands revealed homozygosity for a survival motor neuron (SMN) deletion in 96 (93%) of 103. Neuronal apoptosis inhibitory protein deletions were found in 38 (37%) of 103 and occurred most frequently in SMA type I. SMN deletions have not yet been described to occur in healthy subjects. In this study, however, four unaffected sibs from two SMA families showed homozygosity for SMN deletions. Homozygosity for an SMN deletion in unaffected persons seems to be very rare. Therefore, demonstration of a homozygous SMN deletion in a clinically presumed SMA patient should be considered as a confirmation of the diagnosis, whether or not SMN is in fact the causal gene for SMA.
Phase II Study of Paclitaxel, Ifosfamide, and Cisplatin as Second-Line Treatment in Relapsed Small-Cell Lung Cancer (2001)

In the present phase II study, the PIC combination seemed highly active and tolerable in patients with relapsed SCLC when it was administered as second-line treatment. Given the present experience, an evaluation of the PIC regimen as front-line treatment of SCLC is planned.
Objective roentgenologic measurements of the influence of ankle braces on pathologic joint mobility. A comparison of 9 braces. (1998)

The stabilizing effect of external support (taping and nine different ankle braces) was tested in a total of 220 functionally unstable ankles. A standard surface EMG controlled stress Roentgen test protocol was used, measuring talar tilt (TT) without support and with tape bandage or brace. Different levels of TT restraining by external support could be identified. Tape bandage and two braces had a highly significant influence on the talar tilt. The mean TT without support was decreased by using from 13.4 degrees to 4.9 degrees, by using one brace to 4.8 degrees and by using another brace to 5.9 degrees. These two braces are effective for protection during functional treatment. A classification into three grades of effectiveness is proposed. It is concluded that the stabilizing influence offered by bandages and braces should be measured before using the external support as a treatment device for acute ankle sprain and as a reliable protection against sprain injuries in daily living and sports.
Resist heating effects in 25 and 50 kV <i>e</i>-beam lithography on glass masks (1990)

Electron sensitive resists have been exposed on optical masks in a variably shaped spot electron beam lithography system, EL3, at 25 and 50 kV and beam current densities up to 50 A/cm2 to evaluate the effects of resist heating during electron exposure. Resist heating effects are primarily observed in dense patterns at high electron exposure dose. For the purpose of comparison resist heating effects are quantified in terms of the development rate change that is caused by the temperature rise in the resist during electron beam exposure. From an energy density point of view the maximum temperature rise in the resist during exposure is very similar for both 25 and 50 kV exposures. The area on the mask over which the temperature rise in the resist can change resist properties is significantly larger at 50 kV: up to 20 μm at 50 kV compared to ∼5 μm at 25 kV. Using sensitive electron beam resists requiring 1–5 μC/cm2 exposure dose no resist heating effects are observed at beam current densities up to 50 A/cm2.
Stereoselective Enzymatic Synthesis of Heteroatom-Substituted Cyclopropanes (2018)

The repurposing of hemoproteins for non-natural carbene transfer activities has generated enzymes for functions previously accessible only to chemical catalysts. With activities constrained to specific substrate classes, however, the synthetic utility of these new biocatalysts has been limited. To expand the capabilities of non-natural carbene transfer biocatalysis, we engineered variants of Cytochrome P450_(BM3) that catalyze the cyclopropanation of heteroatom-bearing alkenes, providing valuable nitrogen-, oxygen-, and sulfur-substituted cyclopropanes. Four or five active-site mutations converted a single parent enzyme into selective catalysts for the synthesis of both cis and trans heteroatom-substituted cyclopropanes, with high diastereoselectivities and enantioselectivities and up to 40 000 total turnovers. This work highlights the ease of tuning hemoproteins by directed evolution for efficient cyclopropanation of new substrate classes and expands the catalytic functions of iron heme proteins.
PASSENGER COUNTING TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCEDURES (1998)

This synthesis will be of interest to transit agency general managers, their planning and scheduling, operations and maintenance, computer services, and budget and finance staffs, as well as to technology providers. It summarizes information from selected transit agencies about benefits and problems associated with each passenger counting technology, as reported by current users. It also presents advice for agencies considering each technology. Issues considered deal with data collection methodology, data processing, end uses of ridership data, organizational responsibilities, and resource requirements.
Regiospecific Synthesis of Bikaverin (1993)

Abstract A regiospecific synthesis of bikaverin (1) is described starting from methyl 2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-6-methyl benzoate (2) and 2-chloro-5,7-dimethoxy-1,4-naphoquinone (4).
Breast cancer as a systemic disease: a view of metastasis (2013)

Breast cancer is now the most frequently diagnosed cancer and leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Strategies targeting the primary tumour have markedly improved, but systemic treatments to prevent metastasis are less effective; metastatic disease remains the underlying cause of death in the majority of patients with breast cancer who succumb to their disease. The long latency period between initial treatment and eventual recurrence in some patients suggests that a tumour may both alter and respond to the host systemic environment to facilitate and sustain disease progression. Results from studies in animal models suggest that specific subtypes of breast cancer may direct metastasis through recruitment and activation of haematopoietic cells. In this review, we focus on data implicating breast cancer as a systemic disease.
Neutrophils and Wound Repair: Positive Actions and Negative Reactions (2013)

Studies are currently being performed to evaluate new ways of counteracting protease activity in chronic wounds. Additional studies will have to be carried out to determine whether neutralizing neutrophil proteases can improve the healing of chronic wounds without sacrificing the ability of neutrophils to eliminate pathogens and risking infection.
European Electron Induction Accelerators (1947)

Betatrons, induction electron accelerators for the production of high energy X-radiation, were under development in Germany during the war and to a limited extent at present. This work is reviewed for the most part and details are given on the constructional features of 6- to 15-million volt betatrons and on the theory and design of 15- and 200-million volt betatrons. The smaller units, especially the Siemen's 6 Mv, are quite successful and more advanced than comparable American units. While no large machines were actually built, the projected 200-Mv Wideroe design introduces new features of value. Betatron patent ideas are reviewed.
Real-World Implementation Challenges of a Novel Dual-Polarized Compact Printable Chipless RFID Tag (2015)

A novel compact printable dual-polarized (DP) chipless radio-frequency identification (RFID) tag is presented along with its real-world implementation challenges. First, the DP tag with simulation and measurement results is presented, where `U' shaped slot resonators are re-used in both vertical (V) and horizontal (H) polarizations to double the encoding capacity within a fixed bandwidth. Next, slot-length variation encoding technique is added to reduce the tag size by 50%. After that, a 16-bit proof of concept DP tag is developed that achieved 16.6 bits/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> data density, which is the highest among the reported works. Next, a step-by-step guideline is presented to overcome the real-world challenges for implementing printable chipless RFID tags, which starts with a detail study on the effect of ink conductivity, and permittivity and loss tangent of the substrate on the tag performance. Then, a quick approximate substrate characterization technique is presented, which is verified by measurement of thermal printed patch tags. Finally, tag printing procedure on paper using a thermal printer is briefed, which is followed by a discussion on some printing inaccuracies and their plausible solutions. All these analysis will build a firm understanding and practical insight on implementing the proposed promising conductive ink printed chipless RFID tag for identification, authentication and sensing.
Functionalized graphene sheet--Poly(vinylidene fluoride) conductive nanocomposites Part B Polymer physics (2009)

PVDF nanocomposites based on functionalized graphene sheets, FGS prepared from graphite oxide, and exfoliated graphite, EG, were prepared by solution processing and compression molding. FGS remains well dispersed in the PVDF composites as evidenced by the lack of the characteristic graphite reflection in the composites. Although the α-phase of PVDF is seen in the EG-based composites, a mixture of α- and β-phases is present in the FGS analogs. SEM and TEM imaging show smooth fractured surfaces with oriented platelets of graphite stacks and obvious debonding from the matrix in the EG-PVDF composites. In contrast, the FGS-PVDF composites show a wrinkled topography of relatively thin graphene sheets bonded well to the matrix. Storage modulus of the composites was increased with FGS and EG concentration. A lower percolation threshold (2 wt %) was obtained for FGS-PVDF composites compared to EG-PVDF composites (above 5 wt %). Lastly, the FGS-PVDF composites show an unusual resistance/temperature behavior. The resistance decreases with temperature, indicating an NTC behavior, whereas EG-PVDF composites show a PTC behavior (e.g., the resistance increases with temperature). We attribute the NTC behavior of the FGS based composites to the higher aspect ratio of FGS which leads to contact resistance predominating over tunneling resistance.
A General Route to Macroscopic Hierarchical 3D Nanowire Networks (2004)

Pulling the rug out! A templated electrodeposition technique has been applied to prepare stable 3D, organized networks of metal or semiconductor nanowires (see scheme). The process involves a) the deposition of mesoporous silica onto an electrode, b) the introduction of metals or semiconductors into the pore channels, and c) removal of the silica template to yield the nanowire network. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2004/z460535_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
A persuasive interactive mannequin for shop windows (2009)

In this paper, we present an interactive mannequin for persuading bypassing customers to extend the perceived time they stay in front of a shop window. The mannequin was designed and prototyped to be seamlessly integrated into a shop window, constituting an ambient persuasion interface. The design concept of our virtual mannequin is based on actual real world mannequins. Based on implicit input from the customers, the mannequin reacts on their presence by looking into their direction. We implemented a prototype of the persuasive interactive mannequin (PIM) as a 3D model, visualized on a large LCD screen and deployed it in a retail store within a shopping mall. The results from a three days field study of this deployment are presented and discussed. The study results give insights about the persuasive effect of the mannequin as well as implications for the user centered design of interactive agents in the context of shopping.