gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
CWGAN: Conditional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Nets for Fault Data Generation (2019)

With the rapid development of modern industry and artificial intelligence technology, fault diagnosis technology has become more automated and intelligent. The deep learning based fault diagnosis model has achieved significant advantages over the traditional fault diagnosis method. However, a problem has arisen when deep learning models are applied to actual industrial scenarios. In the actual process of industrial production, there are not enough fault data for deep learning, hence the accuracy will decrease because of overfitting. In this paper, aiming at the problem, the fault data generation based on deep learning is deeply studied. In this paper, the data source is the experimental data from the Fault Data Center of Case Western Reserve University. Aiming at the problem of small amount of fault data, a method of generating fault time-frequency spectrum based on improved conditional generative adversarial networks is proposed. CWGAN (Conditional Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Nets) learns the feature of time-frequency spectrum of rolling bearing fault, and generates time-frequency spectrum of corresponding fault categories according to the input categories. Experiments show that the diversity and fidelity of data generated by CWGAN is better than that of the original generative adversarial networks. The VGG-Net model is used to train the fault data enhanced by CWGAN. It is found that the data generated by CWGAN can effectively supplement the small amount of fault data, improve the training effect of the model and avoid over-fitting.
Conformal chemical beam deposition of thin metal film for fabricating high density trench capacitor cells (1993)

The difficult aspect of conformal metal film deposition in narrow, high aspect ratio trenches such as those used in the fabrication of high density metal-oxide-semiconductor trench capacitor cells for computer memory technology is addressed. This work demonstrates the proof of principle of highly conformal deposition of a 40 nm Pt film on the surfaces of a 0.5-μm-wide, 1.5-μm-deep, and 2-mm-long array of oxidized silicon trenches, using the thermal decomposition of a molecular precursor under chemical beam conditions. In addition, scanning electron, x-ray photoelectron, and scanning Auger electron microscopy analyses reveal highly uniform and complete coverage on all surfaces, small metal grain size, and the absence of detectable impurities.
Scaling up of silverson rotor–stator mixers (2011)

Abstract In‐line rotor–stator mixers are widely applied in industry for the formulation of emulsion products; however, the current understanding of breakage/coalescence in such devices is limited. In this study the effect of rotor speed, flow rate and dispersed phase viscosity on drop size distributions in an industrial and in a lab scale in‐line Silverson rotor–stator mixer were investigated. Silicone oils with viscosities of 9.4 and 339 mPa s at 1 wt.% were emulsified in surfactant solution. Sauter mean diameters were correlated with various parameters and it has been found that Weber number is the most appropriate scaling parameter. Energy dissipation rate is a marginally poorer scaling parameter and this term requires prior knowledge of the experimentally determined power constants. Based on these observations it seems sensible to use Weber number as the preferred scaling‐up parameter.
Fast VLSI architectures using non-redundant multibit recoding for computing exponentiation modulo a positive integer (1991)

Architectures for fast evaluation of A/sup 2/ mod N have been developed. These are based on the application of the Primlani-Meador technique, recently proposed for nonredundant radix-4 multiplication, together with the technique of E. Lu et al. (1988) for A/sup 2/mod N evaluation. Complete design details with extensions to multibit recoding considering an even number of bits at a time while requiring the evaluation of fewer partial products are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Attenuation of telomerase activity by a hammerhead ribozyme targeting the template region of telomerase RNA in endometrial carcinoma cells. (1998)

Telomerase activity is found in almost all carcinoma cells but not in most somatic cells, suggesting that telomerase is an excellent target for cancer therapy. We designed hammerhead ribozymes against human telomerase RNA and studied their possible use as a tool for cancer therapy. Three ribozymes targeting the 3' end of the GUC sequence at 33-35 (the template region), 168-170, and 313-315 from the 5' end of telomerase RNA were designed. In a cell-free system, these three hammerhead ribozymes efficiently cleaved the RNA substrate. When these ribozyme RNAs were introduced into Ishikawa cells, which are endometrial carcinoma cells, only a ribozyme targeting the RNA template region could diminish the telomerase activity. Next we subcloned the ribozyme sequence into an expression vector and introduced this into AN3CA cells, which are endometrial carcinoma cells. The clones that were obtained showed reduced telomerase activity and telomerase RNA with expression of the ribozyme. These data suggest that the ribozyme against the RNA template region is a good tool to repress telomerase activity in cancer cells.
Statistical textural features for detection of microcalcifications in digitized mammograms (1999)

Clustered microcalcifications on X-ray mammograms are an important sign for early detection of breast cancer. Texture-analysis methods can be applied to detect clustered microcalcifications in digitized mammograms. In this paper, a comparative study of texture-analysis methods is performed for the surrounding region-dependence method, which has been proposed by the authors, and conventional texture-analysis methods, such as the spatial gray-level dependence method, the gray-level run-length method, and the gray-level difference method. Textural features extracted by these methods are exploited to classify regions of interest (ROI's) into positive ROI's containing clustered microcalcifications and negative ROI's containing normal tissues. A three-layer backpropagation neural network is used as a classifier. The results of the neural network for the texture-analysis methods are evaluated by using a receiver operating-characteristics (ROC) analysis. The surrounding region-dependence method is shown to be superior to the conventional texture-analysis methods with respect to classification accuracy and computational complexity.
A C<sub>60</sub> Primary Ion Beam System for Time of Flight Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry:  Its Development and Secondary Ion Yield Characteristics (2003)

A buckminsterfullerene (C60)-based primary ion beam system has been developed for routine application in TOF-SIMS analysis of organic materials. The ion beam system is described, and its performance is characterized. Nanoamp beam currents of C60+ are obtainable in continuous current mode. C60(2+) can be obtained in pulsed mode. At 10 keV, the beam can be focused to less than 3 microm with 0.1 nA currents. TOF-SIMS studies of a series of molecular solids and a number of polymer systems in monolayer and thick film forms are reported. Very significant enhancement of secondary ion yields, particularly at higher mass, were observed using 10-keV C60+ for all samples other than PTFE, as compared to those observed from 10 keV Ga+ primary ions. Three materials (PS2000, Irganox 1010, PET) were studied in detail to investigate primary ion-induced disappearance (damage) cross sections to determine the increase in secondary ion formation efficiency. The C60 disappearance cross sections observed from monolayer film PS2000 and self-supporting PET film are close to those observed from Ga+. The resulting C60 efficiencies are 30-100 times those observed from gallium. The cross sections observed from C60 bombardment of multilayer molecular solids are approximately 100 times less, such that essentially zero damage sputtering is possible. The resulting efficiencies are > 10(3) greater than from gallium. It is also shown that C60 primary ions do not generate any more low-mass fragments than any other ion beam system does. C60 is shown to be a very favorable ion beam system for TOF-SIMS, delivering high yield, close to 10% total yield, favoring high-mass ions, and on thick samples, offering the possibility of analysis well beyond the static limit.
<i>Salmonella</i>spp.: Masters of Inflammation (2014)

This chapter highlights recent progress made toward understanding the molecular basis of Salmonella-induced enteritis. Information is scarce on the specific course of events following nontyphoidal Salmonella infection in humans because most infected individuals are rarely hospitalized. As such, observations of nontyphoidal Salmonella infection have mostly come from patients admitted to the hospital with severe fatal infections. Interactions between bacteria and intestinal tissue were examined in starved, opium-treated guinea pigs several hours after oral challenge with 108 invasive serovar Typhimurium. This study found that Salmonella closely contacts the epithelial cells lining the intestine, primarily the ileum, and thereafter elicits the local degeneration of filamentous actin in apical microvilli and the underlying terminal web. More recently, studies have turned to the use of cattle to model the pathophysiology of Salmonella-induced enteritis in humans. Following nitrogen mustard administration, the rabbit ligated ileal loops were then infected with serovar Typhimurium for 72 h. Results from this study revealed that nitrogen mustard treatment markedly inhibited serovar Typhimurium-induced secretion. This inflammatory response greatly contributes to the pathophysiology of the infection, exhibited by typical inflammatory diarrhea. Recent work has begun to disclose the molecular and cellular events involved in this complex phenomenon. In addition to TTSS-1-associated genes, several other genes affecting Salmonella enteropathogenicity are currently being investigated.
New frontiers in driverless vehicles (2015)

Whether its on land, in the air or underwater, unmanned autonomous vehicles are already becoming a part of everyday reality - especially in hazardous environments. This paper explains the latest development in driverless vehicles mainly autonomous ground vehicles, unmanned aerial system and autonomous underwater vehicle.
Novel control channel quality improvement in satellite communication systems employing high coding gain FEC (2003)

The authors propose a novel control channel quality improvement scheme for satellite communication systems using a majority decision method over convolutional coding and Viterbi decoding channels. To improve majority decision performance, which is degraded by burst errors due to Viterbi decoding in conventional serial transmission methods, a parallel transmission method is proposed. The performance of the parallel and serial transmission methods has been analyzed, and experimenta have been carried out using rate 1/2 convolutional encoding and Viterbi decoding (constraint length 4 and 7). It is shown that the parallel transmission method has about 10/sup 10/ times lower block error performance at P/sub e/=1*10/sup -4/ than the conventional method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using a Competitive Clustering Algorithm to Comprehend Web Applications (2006)

We propose an approach based on winner takes all, a competitive clustering algorithm, to support the comprehension of static and dynamic Web applications. The process first computes the distances between the Web pages and then identifies similar pages through the winner takes all clustering algorithm. Two different instances of the process are presented to identify similar pages at structural and content level, respectively. The first instance encodes the page structure into a string and then uses the Levenshtein algorithm to achieve the distances between pairs of pages. On the other hand, to group similar pages at content level we use the latent semantic indexing to produce the page representations as vectors in the concept space. The Euclidean distance is then computed between the vectors to achieve the distances between the pages to be given as input to the adopted clustering algorithm. A prototype to automate the identification of group of similar pages has been implemented. The approach and the prototype have been assessed in a case study
First Report of <i>Tomato spotted wilt virus</i> in Habanero and Tabasco Peppers in Florida (2000)

In spring 2000, symptoms similar to thrips-vectored spotted wilt disease caused by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were observed on habanero (Capsicum chinense) and tabasco (Capsicum frutescens) peppers in north Florida. Habanero peppers were from commercial fields grown for specialty markets and tabasco peppers were from research plots. Symptoms observed were leaf necrosis, fruit drop, necrotic stem lesions, and stunting. Fruit symptoms included chlorotic and necrotic spotting and distinct ring pattern and distortion. The incidence of symptomatic habanero peppers was 7 to 8% in one of the three production fields visited, and a lower incidence in two other fields (all in Jackson County). In tabasco pepper, TSWV was detected in spring and fall 1999, and spring 2000 seasons in 10 to 15% of the plants (Gadsden County). Adjacent tomato fields contained scattered plants exhibiting symptoms of TSWV. Diagnosis of TSWV from symptomatic stems, leaves, and fruit of habanero and tabasco peppers was confirmed by a double antibody sandwich enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using a commercially available kit (Agdia Inc., Elkhart, IN). ELISA values ranged from 1.57 to 1.95 for habanero pepper and 0.80 to 0.95 for tabasco pepper. The mean ELISA value of the negative controls was 0.001. To further verify TSWV infection, immunocapture reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (IC-RT-PCR) was performed (1). The primer pair 5'-ATGTCTAAGGTTAAGCTC-3' and 5'-TTAAGCAAGTTCTGTGAG-3' represented the first and last 18 bases of the coding region of the nucleocapsid gene of TSWV, respectively, and produces approximately 800 bp PCR product (1). IC-RT-PCR gave a single DNA band of expected size in both habanero and tabasco samples, while no amplification was found in an uninfected pepper sample. This is the first report of TSWV on habanero and tabasco peppers in Florida. TSWV continues to be an economically important disease constraint to the production of tomato, pepper (C. annuum), peanut, and tobacco in the southeastern United States (observations from Georgia and Florida). Meanwhile, the known host range is expanding to include new species of cultivated vegetables. References: (1) R. K. Jain et al.. Plant Dis. 82:900, 1998.
Anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor agents (2005)

A 14 year old girl presented with a year's history of joint pain, restriction, and swelling, initially diagnosed as juvenile idiopathic arthritis. She had no past medical problems but had given up her leisure pursuits owing to disability. Examination disclosed non-pitting oedema to midcalf; a woody texture of the soft tissues of the forearms and calves with fixed flexion deformities of her fingers, wrists, knees, and ankles due to the soft tissue changes, and normal overlying skin. Investigations showed the following results: normal muscle enzymes, eosinophilia of 1.7610 9 /l, erythrocyte sedimentation rate 41 mm/1st h, haemoglobin 112 g/l, negative autoantibodies, and normal complement levels. The differential diagnosis included eosinophilic fasciitis (EF) and scleroderma. At this time, the patient requested counselling as she had difficulty accepting an initial misdiagnosis, delayed correct diagnosis, and the uncertainty of the prognosis.
An increase in exhaled CO concentration in systemic inflammation/sepsis (2010)

Despite recent progress in Critical Care Medicine, sepsis is still a major medical problem with a high rate of mortality and morbidity especially in intensive care units. Oxidative stress induced by inflammation associated with sepsis causes degradation of heme protein, increases microsomal free heme content, promotes further oxidative stress and results in cellular and organ damage. Heme-oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is a rate-limiting enzyme for heme breakdown. HO-1 breaks down heme to yield CO, iron and biliverdin. Measurement of CO in exhaled air may potentially be useful in monitoring changes in HO enzyme activity in vivo, which might reflect the degree of inflammation or oxidative stress in patients with systemic inflammation. The increased exhaled CO concentrations were observed after anesthesia/surgery, in critically ill patients and also in systemic inflammation/sepsis. Some reports also showed that exhaled CO concentration is related to mortality. Further studies are needed to elucidate whether increased endogenous CO production may predict a patient's morbidity and mortality. Techniques for monitoring CO are continuously being refined and this technique may find its way into the office of clinicians.
Preaching and Worship (1917)

It is not with the details of homiletics that this paper will occupy itself—how to write a sermon or how to behave in church. These profitable lessons it will dismiss to the class-room or the Sunday School, and will then hold itself free to expand in joyous exaltation of the magnitude and dignity of the training requisite for the fit discharge of the highest duties of the ministry. Every ability which one brings to it may help—those of the carpenter and the goldsmith, of him that smootheth with the hammer and him that smiteth the anvil. But all powers and all training will adjust themselves to its main purpose, the curve of which is determined by its two foci—for every great process is not circular but elliptical—the foci of preaching and worship. Around these the details of a theological curriculum will revolve. The Pentateuch and the Synoptic Problem, the Nicene Council and the Social Settlement House, the Anselmic theory of the Atonement and the Malthusian theory of population, all will have in view their ultimate end of preaching and worship, and all will come bringing their gifts of gold, frankincense, and myrrh.
Graph Neural Networks for Wireless Communications: From Theory to Practice (2022)

Deep learning-based approaches have been developed to solve challenging problems in wireless communications, leading to promising results. Early attempts adopted neural network architectures inherited from applications such as computer vision. They often yield poor performance in large scale networks (i.e., poor scalability) and unseen network settings (i.e., poor generalization). To resolve these issues, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been recently adopted, as they can effectively exploit the domain knowledge, i.e., the graph topology in wireless communications problems. GNN-based methods can achieve near-optimal performance in large-scale networks and generalize well under different system settings, but the theoretical underpinnings and design guidelines remain elusive, which may hinder their practical implementations. This paper endeavors to fill both the theoretical and practical gaps. For theoretical guarantees, we prove that GNNs achieve near-optimal performance in wireless networks with much fewer training samples than traditional neural architectures. Specifically, to solve an optimization problem on an <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$n$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -node graph (where the nodes may represent users, base stations, or antennas), GNNs’ generalization error and required number of training samples are <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(n)$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mathcal {O}(n^{2})$ </tex-math></inline-formula> times lower than the unstructured multi-layer perceptrons. For design guidelines, we propose a unified framework that is applicable to general design problems in wireless networks, which includes graph modeling, neural architecture design, and theory-guided performance enhancement. Extensive simulations, which cover a variety of important problems and network settings, verify our theory and the effectiveness of the proposed design framework.
Remote service methods for cellular communication systems (2002)

The ability to remotely service digital hardware circuits in base station sites on building and hill tops is a requirement for cellular, pager, and personal communication system (PCS) design. A microcontroller technique employing the IEEE Standard 1149.1 JTAG interface and nonvolatile flash memory storage is presented as a method for remote service. The commonly available JTAG interface found in gate array technology allows system engineers to reconfigure communication circuits remotely or by use of a proposed hand-held field loader. The authors describe microcontroller circuits, and system software used to reconfigure a gate array based digital modulator-demodulator (MODEM) in-system. Techniques to reprogram nonvolatile flash storage in-system are also presented. These techniques are well suited for field service of base station sites, and gives prospects for future adaptive and high-reliability wireless communication applications.
On the Enzymatic Determination of Blood Glucose (1960)

(1960). On the Enzymatic Determination of Blood Glucose. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 12, No. 4, pp. 402-407.
Removal of oxygen impurity during the growth of CaF<sub>2</sub> single crystals (1972)

Abstract Oxygen impurity from CaF2 starting material was removed, during the growth of single crystals, using CoF2 as scavenger. The efficiency of CoF2 was found to be greater, under the specified growth conditions, than that of PbF2. No significant selective absorption of the CoF2 scavenged CaF2 crystals was observed after irradiation.
Multi-Path Security-Aware Routing Protocol Mechanism for Ad Hoc Network (2006)

The existing SAR (security aware routing) protocol is an ad hoc network protocol that finds a secure path using the security level of mobile nodes. However, the SAR protocol sometimes transfers data through inefficient transmission paths because It always tries to find secure nodes for a safe transmission. Since it is a protocol based on AODV, the new routing path is searched from the very beginning when a transmission fails. Obviously it cause transmission delay Also during the new routing path search, the connection could not established when the security level of intermediate node is lower than the level requested by a source node. In this paper, MP-SAR (multi-path SAR) is suggested to improve the SAR protocol. MP-SAR maintains data confidentially offered by SAR, and it is a multiple security path discovery algorithm that can transfer data quickly and reliably by using the shortest efficient path among multi-paths
Characterization of a S-Adenosylmethionine Synthetase Gene in Rice (1994)

Laboratorium voor Genetica, Universiteit Gent, B-9000 Gent, Belgium SAM-S (EC 2.5.1.6) catalyzes the biosynthesis of SAM (Adomet) from Met and ATE’. Adomet is a universal methyl group donor in severa1 transmethylation reactions and is involved in the regulation of the biosynthesis of Met and other Asp-derived amino acids. In plants, Adomet also func- tions as a precursor in the biosynthesis of the phytohormone ethylene and serves after decarboxylation as a propylamine group donor in the biosynthesis of polyamines (Goodwin and Mercer, 1983). SAM-S genomic and cDNA clones have been isolated and characterized from a variety of species, including