gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Traffic Flow Characteristics with Transportation Plans Components (2012)

Knowledge of traffic characteristics is useful to the highwayengineer in developing highway and transportation plans, performingeconomic analyses, establishing geometric design criteria,selecting and implementing traffic control measures, andevaluating the pe1[ormance of transportation facilities. Doze/ISof measures have been employed to describe the quality andquantity of traffic flow. This paper presents information onthose flow characteristics that fundamentally bear on the planning,design, and operation of highway and transport facilities:traffic speed, travel time, volume, and density.
Double patterning lithography aware gridless detailed routing with innovative conflict graph (2010)

Double patterning lithography (DPL) is the most feasible solution for sub-32nm nodes owing to the recurrent delay in next generation lithography. DPL attempts to decompose a single layer of one layout into two masks in order to increase pitch size and improve depth of focus (DOF). Considering DPL at detailed routing stage can improve the flexibility of layout decomposition as compared to the post-routing layout decomposition. The conflict graph proposed in [8] provides a global view of all nets in a layout to obtain a highly decomposable layout with less yield loss. However, adopting conflict graph in routing process using grid-based model or gridless model both brings huge overhead. This work presents an innovative conflict graph (ICG) to realize adopting conflict graph in a routing process. Three routing-friendly characteristics of ICG are constant-time conflict cycle detection, lazy ICG update, and light-weight routing overhead. To efficiently utilize routing resources for a crowded region, gridless models provide a better solution space than grid-based models do. This work also develops, to our knowledge, the first DPL-aware gridless detailed routing with ICG to generate a highly decomposable routing result. Moreover, greedily assigning colors for routed nets may cause unnecessary stitches or even a coloring conflict. This work presents a deferred coloring assignment-based routing flow to escape local optimum of a greedy coloring approach. Experimental results indicate that DPL-aware routing results contain no coloring conflicts, and the stitches produced by the proposed router are less than those produced by a greedy coloring approach by 41% on average with only 0.22% and 30% increment in wirelength and runtime, respectively.
A pyramidal image segmentation algorithm (2010)

The problem of image segmentation (division into homogeneous regions) basing on color and texture region differences is considered. A two-level hierarchical pyramidal segmentation algorithm is proposed for solution of this problem. The homogeneity criterion is the estimated adjacency of the image elements and regions in the combined color-texture feature space. A metric in this space is introduced and studied. The results are verified on a set of test images of different types.
Effect of the interval between high dose 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine injections on leukemic cell load, intestinal toxicity, and normal hematopoietic stem cells in a rat model for acute myelogenous leukemia. (1986)

One injection of 1-beta-D-arabinofuranosylcytosine (ara-C) in BN rats bearing myelocytic leukemia induces recruitment and synchronization of the leukemic cells. A second ara-C injection, given when the largest fraction of cells is in S phase, causes the largest reduction in leukemic clonogenic cells. The relevance of recruitment and synchronization of leukemic cells after high dose ara-C (200 mg/kg) by rapid i.v. injection (comparable with 1 g/m2 in patients) has been tested in rats with respect to survival time and toxicity. Several groups of leukemic rats have been treated with seven injections of ara-C; the intervals between the injections per group were 4, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 24 h, respectively. The longest mean survival time is observed in the group treated every 9 h which is 70.8 days compared to 22.6 days in nontreated leukemic controls. This 9-h interval of ara-C administration corresponds with the moment when DNA synthesis of the leukemic cells resumes after its inhibition by the ara-C. The most severe toxic side effects on the gastrointestinal system are observed in the group that received ara-C every 6 h; no toxic death has occurred in the animals treated with 15-h or longer intervals. The effect of the increasing interval between two ara-C injections on the normal hematopoietic stem cells has been measured with the colony forming unit spleen assay. This study showed that the reduction of normal stem cells due to ara-C is independent of the interval of administration. This differential effect of ara-C on leukemic and normal hematopoietic stem cell kinetics might in part explain the mechanisms of achieving a complete remission in acute leukemia.
The Pyrolysis of Unsolvated Alkyllithium Compounds (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Pyrolysis of Unsolvated Alkyllithium CompoundsWilliam H. Glaze, Jacob Lin, and E. G. FeltonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 8, 2643–2645Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01346a044https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01346a044research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views99Altmetric-Citations24LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Improved bin completion for optimal bin packing and number partitioning (2013)

The bin-packing problem is to partition a multiset of n numbers into as few bins of capacity C as possible, such that the sum of the numbers in each bin does not exceed C. We compare two existing algorithms for solving this problem: bin completion (BC) and branch-and-cut-and-price (BCP). We show experimentally that the problem difficulty and dominant algorithm are a function of n, the precision of the input elements and the number of bins in an optimal solution. We describe three improvements to BC which result in a speedup of up to five orders of magnitude as compared to the original BC algorithm. While the current belief is that BCP is the dominant bin-packing algorithm, we show that improved BC is up to five orders of magnitude faster than a state-of-the-art BCP algorithm on problems with relatively few bins. We then explore a closely related problem, the number-partitioning problem, and show that an algorithm based on improved bin packing is up to three orders of magnitude faster than a BCP solver called DIMM which claims to be state of the art. Finally, we show how to use number partitioning to generate difficult binpacking instances.
Power system transient stability analysis using the transient energy function method (1992)

This work applies a combination of theory and practice to the problems of the electrical utility industry and bases it on examples of power systems.
Watson Will See You Now: A Supercomputer to Help Clinicians Make Informed Treatment Decisions (2015)

IBM has collaborated with several cancer care providers to develop and train the IBM supercomputer Watson to help clinicians make informed treatment decisions. When a patient is seen in clinic, the oncologist can input all of the clinical information into the computer system. Watson will then review all of the data and recommend treatment options based on the latest evidence and guidelines. Once the oncologist makes the treatment decision, this information can be sent directly to the insurance company for approval. Watson has the ability to standardize care and accelerate the approval process, a benefit to the healthcare provider and the patient.
Binding of Dimethylarsinous Acid to Cys-13α of Rat Hemoglobin Is Responsible for the Retention of Arsenic in Rat Blood (2006)

The metabolism, disposition, and carcinogenicity of arsenic differ dramatically between humans and rats. To understand the molecular basis of these differences, we have characterized arsenic species in rats that were treated with inorganic arsenate (iAsV), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAV), or dimethylarsinic acid (DMAV) for up to 15 weeks. Arsenic significantly accumulated in the red blood cells (RBCs) of rats in the form of hemoglobin (Hb) complexed with dimethylarsinous acid (DMAIII), regardless of whether the rats were treated with iAsV, MMAV, or DMAV, suggesting rapid methylation of arsenic species followed by strong binding of DMAIII to rat Hb. The binding site for DMAIII was identified to be cysteine 13 in the alpha-chain of rat Hb with a stoichiometry of 1:1. Over 99% of the total arsenic (maximum 2.5-3.5 mM) in rat RBCs was bound to Hb for all rats examined (n = 138). In contrast, only 40-49% of the total arsenic (maximum approximately 10 muM) in rat plasma was bound to proteins. The ratios of the total arsenic in RBCs to that in plasma ranged from 88-423 for rats that were fed iAsV, 100-680 for rats that were fed MMAV, and 185-1393 for rats that were fed DMAV, when samples were obtained over the 15-week exposure duration. Previous studies have shown an increase in urothelial hyperplasia in rats fed DMAV. This is the first article reporting that treatment with iAsV in the drinking water also produces urothelial hyperplasia and at an even earlier time point than dietary DMAV. Dietary MMAV produced only a slight urothelial response. A correlation between the Hb-DMAIII complex and urothelial lesion severity in rats was observed. The lack of cysteine 13alpha in human Hb may be responsible for the shorter retention of arsenic in human blood. These differences in the disposition of arsenicals may contribute to the observed differences between humans and rats in susceptibility to arsenic carcinogenicity.
Can protein functionalities be enhanced by high-pressure homogenization? – A study on functional properties of lupin proteins (2011)

Many common foods like salad dressings or milk products are processed by high-pressure homogenization. Compared to conventional treatments, dynamic high pressures have been found to induce significant changes in the protein layer at the interface of these emulsions. But until now the influence of high-pressure homogenization on the functionality of proteins itself has only been scarcely studied. The aim of this study was to characterize the influences of high-pressure homogenization on the functional properties of lupin proteins of different lupin species because these proteins exhibit good functionality and can be applied as natural emulsifiers in food systems. Especially, the influences on the emulsifying and gelling properties of lupin proteins were studied. The gel strength and the emulsifying capacities of L. albus proteins were increased significantly after high-pressure homogenization with pressures up to 150 MPa at 35 and 60 °C, respectively. The protein solubilities were only barely influenced by homogenization. Completely different results were obtained for L. angustifolius proteins. The emulsifying properties could not be enhanced by high pressure homogenization, which might be due to the presence of different protein fractions in protein isolates of these two species. These results imply that high-pressure homogenization has interesting potential for enhancing functional properties of lupin proteins of L. albus L., while the functional properties of L. angustifolius proteins after homogenization remained similar. High-pressure homogenization is therefore likely to be a tool for enhancing protein functionality, especially for proteins having inferior functionality due to heat treatment or prior processing.
Tumor markers and cytologic features of cerebrospinal fluid (1985)

Tumor markers are useful in establishing the diagnosis of certain central nervous system tumors, especially germinal tumors of the pineal region. They are not sufficiently specific to be able to replace biopsy for exact diagnosis. They may also be useful for monitoring of therapy, as an indicator of recurrence of the tumor. Cerebrospinal fluid cytology is not generally useful in establishing a specific histologic diagnosis, especially in children, but can help to monitor therapy and predict tumor recurrence. More extensive studies are needed in both areas to define more precisely the role of markers and cytologic studies.
PAROXYSMAL TACHYCARDIA IN PREGNANCY (1953)

There are conflicting views regarding the incidence of paroxysmal tachycardia in pregnancy. Jensen (1938) concluded from a review of the literature that there had been only 19 cases reported up to 1938-in which the diagnosis was beyond reasonable doubt, and he thought that the condition was rare during pregnancy. On the other hand, Campbell (1947) was of the opinion that paroxysmal tachycardia is far more common in pregnancy than is generally recognized. The purpose of this paper is to review briefly the relevant papers and to analyse ten personally observed cases.
The Problems of Radiocarbon Dating (1973)

(1973). The Problems of Radiocarbon Dating. Palestine Exploration Quarterly: Vol. 105, No. 1, pp. 13-26.
Task decomposition in dynamic agent societies (2002)

A framework for task decomposition in dynamic societies of autonomous agents is presented. A general model of task decomposition in multiagent systems is introduced. Then, starting from the contract net model for task decomposition and allocation, two stages of higher decentralization are developed: the decentralized task decomposition and the completely decentralized model. These models provide greater flexibility in cooperative problem-solving processes and more adequate forms of communication and coordination between agents having equal rights. It is indicated how negotiation can be applied for task decomposition problems in a concrete scenario, the MARS scenario of shipping companies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Speciation Analysis for Iodine in Groundwater Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography‐Inductively Coupled Plasma‐Mass Spectrometry (HPLC‐ICP‐MS) (2007)

Methods based on high performance liquid chromatography coupled with inductively coupled plasma‐mass spectrometry (HPLC‐ICP‐MS) for iodine speciation analysis are described. Experiments were performed relating to iodine species, preservative medium and time. The concentration and pH of the buffer are also discussed in relation to separation efficiency. The developed methods allowed the fast and sensitive determination of iodine species with detection limits of 0.025 μg l −1 (as 1) for both iodide and iodate with < 5% relative standard deviation (RSD) for 50 nmol l −1 . Attempts were made to quantify total organo‐iodine by size‐exclusion chromatography (SEC). By way of example, a number of groundwater samples were analysed by these methods, revealing that iodide is the main iodine species in the sampled waters, but that high concentrations of organo‐iodine compounds were observed in some samples as well. In summary, the total concentration and the dominant species of iodine in aquatic freshwater environments is easily and accurately measured using this new method.
Thermal shifts of the spectral lines in the /sup 4/F/sub 3/2/ to /sup 4/I/sub 11/2/ manifold of an Nd:YAG Laser (1988)

A report is presented of the thermal shifts of eleven of the twelve lines from the /sup 4/F/sub 3/2/ Stark energy levels to the /sup 4/I/sub 11/2/ energy levels in an Nd:YAG laser for a temperature change from 20-200 degrees C. The thermal shift difference between the Stark sublevels R/sub 1/, R/sub 2/ in /sup 4/F/sub 3/2/ is found to be about -0.6+or-0.6 cm/sup -1//100 degrees C. Within experimental uncertainty, all of the lasing lines either moved to longer wavelength or remained unchanged with increasing temperature.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Waarom Europees privaatrecht (2000)

De Maastrichtse rechtenopleiding is reeds een van de meest rechtsvergelijkend georiënteerde van Nederland. In veel Nederlandsrechtelijke blokken wordt aandacht besteed aan buitenlands recht; voor de European Law School en het Magister Iuris Communis-programma is aandacht voor rechtsvergelijking zelfs een van de raisons d'être van de studie zelve. Ter versterking van onderwijs en onderzoek in de rechtsvergelijking kent onze Faculteit sinds kort een hoogleraar Europees privaatrecht die in het navolgende uiteenzet wat het grote belang is van zijn vakgebied.
Simulations of Relativistic Jet Formation in Radio Sources (2000)

Radio galaxies and quasars produce collimated, relativistic flows with. Lorentz factors of at least 15. It is generally believed that such flow Velocities indicate that jet acceleration and collimation occurs in the relativistic environment of a supermassive black hole. Recently, several groups around the world have begun to test theories of jet formation using magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations of magnetized gas flow around black holes. This paper reviews the field of simulations of MHD jet formation, with an emphasis on producing the observed jet speeds and on the role that black hole angular momentum might play. Jet speeds are expected to be of order the escape velocity in the jet-formation region (bulk Lorentz factor similar to 2.4 if in the ergosphere of a rotating black hole), but could be potentially much higher if rapid acceleration can occur near the hole in less than a dynamical time. Transient simulations often produce tightly-collimated jets, but in a steady state jet collimation is generally quite slow and broad. Regardless of the source of the rotational energy powering the jet (accretion disc or black hole spin), the total jet power should be proportional to the black hole mass and the accretion rate. When the type of accretion disc is taken into account, it is shown that the most powerful jets should occur when the black hole is rotating rapidly and when the accretion disc is geometrically. thick and hot. The implications of this modified spin paradigm for explaining phenomenological properties of both supermassive and stellar mass black hole systems is discussed.
Bankers' Hours: Life behind the Wicket at the "Banque d'Hochelaga," 1901-21 (1986)

THE FIRST DECADES of the twentieth century saw some significant changes in the nature of office work. Large numbers of employees were added to the payroll, jobs were broken down into their component parts, and women were brought in to fill the lowest positions. Relatively little attention has been paid, however, as to how the introduction of these changes varied from industry to industry or from region to region. This study of the conditions of employment at the Banque d'Hochelaga indicates that bank workers, unlike other white-collar employees, were faced with the instability that came from being regularly moved from branch to branch, In other regards, the working conditions faced by the employees of the Hochelaga differed from those for the industry as a whole because of the recruitment of the Hochelaga's work force from a French-speaking labour market.
			

LES PREMIERES DECENNIES du vingtieme siecle furent temoins de profonds changements dans la nature du travail de bureau. Un grand nombre d'employes(es) s'ajouterent aux listes de paie, les tâches furent fragmentees dans leurs parties constituantes, et les femmes vinrent remplir les postes inferieurs. On a cependant peu porte attention a la facon dont l'introduction de ces changements variaient d'une industrie a l'autre et de region en region. Cette etude des conditions d'emploi a la Banque d'Hochelaga indique que les employees de banque, contrairement aux autres cols blancs, devaient subir l'instabilite liee aux frequents changements d'une succursale a une autre. A d'autres egards, les conditions de travail des employes de la Banque d'Hochelaga differaient de ceux de l'ensemble du secteur banquaire en ce que le recrutement se faisait dans un marche de travail francophone.
Chemoenzymatic Reversible Immobilization and Labeling of Proteins without Prior Purification (2012)

Site-specific chemical modification of proteins is important for many applications in biology and biotechnology. Recently, our laboratory and others have exploited the high specificity of the enzyme protein farnesyltransferase (PFTase) to site-specifically modify proteins through the use of alternative substrates that incorporate bioorthogonal functionality including azides and alkynes. In this study, we evaluate two aldehyde-containing molecules as substrates for PFTase and as reactants in both oxime and hydrazone formation. Using green fluorescent protein (GFP) as a model system, we demonstrate that the purified protein can be enzymatically modified with either analogue to yield aldehyde-functionalized proteins. Oxime or hydrazone formation was then employed to immobilize, fluorescently label, or PEGylate the resulting aldehyde-containing proteins. Immobilization via hydrazone formation was also shown to be reversible via transoximization with a fluorescent alkoxyamine. After characterizing this labeling strategy using pure protein, the specificity of the enzymatic process was used to selectively label GFP present in crude E. coli extract followed by capture of the aldehyde-modified protein using hydrazide-agarose. Subsequent incubation of the immobilized protein using a fluorescently labeled or PEGylated alkoxyamine resulted in the release of pure GFP containing the desired site-specific covalent modifications. This procedure was also employed to produce PEGylated glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), a protein with potential therapeutic activity for diabetes. Given the specificity of the PFTase-catalyzed reaction coupled with the ability to introduce a CAAX-box recognition sequence onto almost any protein, this method shows great potential as a general approach for selective immobilization and labeling of recombinant proteins present in crude cellular extract without prior purification. Beyond generating site-specifically modified proteins, this approach for polypeptide modification could be particularly useful for large-scale production of protein conjugates for therapeutic or industrial applications.
Reconfigurable memory bus systems using multi-Gbps/pin CDMA I/O transceivers (2003)

This paper presents a new multiple access bus interface for re-configurable memory systems based on Code-Division-Multiple-Access (CDMA) techniques. It features multiple I/O access by using a multi-level signaling with source synchronous clocking. New CDMA I/O transceivers capable of re-configuring multiple accesses with high bus concurrency, low bus latency and low channel power consumption are proposed and evaluated. A maximum data rate of 2.0 Gbps/pin has been achieved using a 0.18-um CMOS process and a supply voltage of 1.8 V.