gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Estimation of vehicle velocity and traffic intensity using rectified images (2008)

This paper presents an automatic method to estimate vehicle velocity and determine the number of vehicles per lane using rectified images. This approach requires the knowledge of two lengths on the ground plane and can be applied to highway scenarios that possess fairly straight lanes in areas near the camera. A scale factor is determined, in order to ascertain vehicle velocity in the sought units. This scale factor associates distances traveled on the image plane with distances on the ground plane and can be obtained by identifying the period and location of the striped highway lanes on the rectified background image. Once the previously referred lines are located it is then possible to locate the highway lane boundaries and, therefore, determine the mean vehicle velocity of each lane.
Adherence to and Invasion of Host Cells by Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Species (2010)

The pathogenic lifecycle of obligate intracellular bacteria presents a superb opportunity to develop understanding of the interaction between the bacteria and host under the pretext that disruption of these processes will likely lead to death of the pathogen and prevention of associated disease. Species of the genus Rickettsia contain some of the most hazardous of the obligate intracellular bacteria, including Rickettsia rickettsii and R. conorii the causative agents of Rocky Mountain and Mediterranean spotted fevers, respectively. Spotted fever group Rickettsia species commonly invade and thrive within cells of the host circulatory system whereby the endothelial cells are severely perturbed. The subsequent disruption of circulatory continuity results in much of the severe morbidity and mortality associated with these diseases, including macropapular dermal rash, interstitial pneumonia, acute renal failure, pulmonary edema, and other multisystem manifestations. This review describes current knowledge of the essential pathogenic processes of adherence to and invasion of host cells, efforts to disrupt these processes, and potential for disease prevention through vaccination with recently identified bacterial adherence and invasion proteins. A more complete understanding of these bacterial proteins will provide an opportunity for prevention and treatment of spotted fever group Rickettsia infections.
Transparent conductive tungsten-doped tin oxide polycrystalline films prepared on quartz substrates (2008)

Tungsten-doped tin oxide transparent conductive films were fabricated on quartz substrates by the method of pulsed plasma deposition with post-annealing. Doping of tungsten can effectively enhance the conductivity of the films while maintaining high transparency. The structural, electrical and optical properties of the films have been investigated with different annealing temperatures and tungsten-doping contents. X-ray diffraction measurement (XRD) confirmed that tungsten-doped tin oxide films annealed above 500 °C are polycrystalline and have a tetragonal rutile structure. Chemical state analysis revealed that tungsten atoms were fully oxidized to the valence of 6+. The lowest resistivity of 6.84 × 10−4 ohm cm was reproducibly obtained, with a carrier mobility of 66.4 cm2 V−1 s−1 and a carrier concentration of 1.38 × 1020 cm−3 in 3 wt% tungsten-doping films annealed at 800 °C in air. The average optical transmittance is about 87% in the visible region from 400 to 700 nm, and about 90% in the near-infrared region from 700 to 2500 nm, with the optical band gap ranging from 4.07 eV to 4.22 eV.
Analysis of the VPE sequences in the Caenorhabditis elegans vit-2 promoter with extrachromosomal tandem array-containing transgenic strains. (1994)

The Caenorhabditis elegans vit genes, encoding vitellogenins, are abundantly expressed in the adult hermaphrodite intestine. Two repeated elements, vit promoter element 1 (VPE1 [TGTCAAT]) and VPE2 (CTGATAA), have been identified in the 5' flanking DNA of each of the vit genes of C. elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae. These elements have previously been shown to be needed for correctly regulated expression of a vit-2/vit-6 fusion gene in low-copy-number, integrated transgenes. Here we extend the analysis of the function of VPE1 and VPE2 by using transgenic lines carrying large, extrachromosomal arrays of the test genes. The results validate the use of such arrays for transgenic analysis of gene regulation in C. elegans, by confirming previous findings showing that the VPE1 at -45 and both VPE2s are sites of activation. Additional experiments now indicate that when the -45 VPE1 is inverted or replaced by a VPE2, nearly total loss of promoter function results, suggesting that the highly conserved -45 VPE1 plays a unique role in vit-2 promoter function. In contrast, single mutations eliminating the three upstream VPE1s are without effect. However, in combination in double and triple mutants, these upstream VPE1 mutations cause drastic reductions in expression levels. The -150 VPE2 can be replaced by a XhoI site (CTCGAG), and the -90 VPE2 can be eliminated, as long as the overlapping VPE1 is left intact, but when these two replacements are combined, activity is lost. Thus, the promoter must have at least one VPE2 and it must have at least two VPE1s, one at -45 and one additional upstream element.
Liver X receptor activation promotes macrophage-to-feces reverse cholesterol transport in a dyslipidemic hamster model (2009)

Liver X receptor (LXR) activation promotes reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in rodents but has major side effects (increased triglycerides and LDL-cholesterol levels) in species expressing cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP). In the face of dyslipidemia, it remains unclear whether LXR activation stimulates RCT in CETP species. We therefore used a hamster model made dyslipidemic with a 0.3% cholesterol diet and treated with vehicle or LXR agonist GW3965 (30 mg/kg bid) over 10 days. To investigate RCT, radiolabeled (3)H-cholesterol macrophages or (3)H-cholesteryl oleate-HDL were then injected to measure plasma and feces radioactivity over 72 or 48 h, respectively. The cholesterol-enriched diet increased VLDL-triglycerides and total cholesterol levels in all lipoprotein fractions and strongly increased liver lipids. Overall, GW3965 failed to improve both dyslipidemia and liver steatosis. However, after (3)H-cholesterol labeled macrophage injection, GW3965 treatment significantly increased the (3)H-tracer appearance by 30% in plasma over 72 h, while fecal (3)H-cholesterol excretion increased by 156% (P < 0.001). After (3)H-cholesteryl oleate-HDL injection, GW3965 increased HDL-derived cholesterol fecal excretion by 64% (P < 0.01 vs. vehicle), while plasma fractional catabolic rate remained unchanged. Despite no beneficial effect on dyslipidemia, LXR activation promotes macrophage-to-feces RCT in dyslipidemic hamsters. These results emphasize the use of species with a more human-like lipoprotein metabolism for drug profiling.
Role of Serine 286 in cosubstrate binding and catalysis of a flavonol <i>O</i>-methyltransferase (2004)

O-Methyltransferases catalyze the transfer of the methyl groups of S-adenosyl-L-methionine to specific hydroxyl groups of several classes of flavonoid compounds. Of the several cDNA clones isolated from a Chrysosplenium americanum library, FOMT3' encodes the 3'/5'-O-methylation of partially methylated flavonols. The recombinant protein of another clone, FOMTx which differs from FOMT3' by a single amino acid residue (Ser286Arg) exhibits no enzymatic activity towards any of the flavonoid substrates tested. Replacement of Ser 286 in FOMT3' with either Ala, Leu, Lys or Thr, almost abolished O-methyltransferase activity. In contrast with FOMT3', no photoaffinity labeling could be achieved using [(14)CH(3)]AdoMet with the mutant recombinant proteins indicating that Ser 286 is also required for cosubstrate binding. These results are corroborated by isothermal titration microcalorimetry measurements. Circular dichroism spectra ruled out any significant conformational differences in the secondary structures of both FOMT3' and Ser286Arg. Modeling FOMT3' on the structure of chalcone methyltransferase indicates that serine 286 is greater than 10 A from any of the residues of the active site or the AdoMet binding site of FOMT3'. At the same time, residues 282 to 290 are conserved in most of the Chrysosplenium americanum OMTs. These residues form a large part of the subunit interface, and at least five of these residues are within 4 A of the opposing subunit. It would appear, therefore, that mutations in Ser286 exert their influence by altering the contacts between the subunits and that these contacts are necessary for maintaining the integrety of the AdoMet binding site and active site of this group of enzymes.
Carriage of Internationally Spread Clones of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>with Unusual Drug Resistance Patterns in Children Attending Day Care Centers in Lisbon, Portugal (2000)

Over half (259/503) of drug-resistant (DR) pneumococci colonizing healthy children attending day care centers in Lisbon were identified by molecular typing methods as representatives of several internationally spread clones. These included the 2 penicillin-resistant pandemic Spanish/USA and French/Spanish clones (21% of all DR pneumococci) and 5 new lineages with unusual antibiotypes (accounting for an additional 30% of all DR pneumococci). The most characteristic feature of the latter group was the high frequency of resistance to macrolides and tetracycline and very low or no resistance to penicillin. These observations provide support for the notion that the nasopharyngeal flora of children in day care centers may be a global reservoir of worldwide prevalent strains of DR pneumococci.
Determination of organic acids and sugars in guava (<i>Psidium guajava</i> L.) cultivars by high‐performance liquid chromatography (1982)

Abstract The major organic acids and sugars in five Florida guava cultivars were analysed by high‐performance liquid chromatography. Glycolic, malic, ascorbic and citric acids were determined, citric being the major acid in all five cultivars. Ascorbic acid levels varied more than ten‐fold (0.04–0.44%) among the cultivars. Trace amounts of fumaric acid were detected for the first time in guava fruit. In all cultivars, fructose was the major sugar; glucose and sucrose were also determined.
어머니의 취업유무와 양육태도에 따른 유아의 사회적 능력 (2000)

The purpose of this study was to analyze children`s social ability according to mother`s employment condition and child rearing attitude in these days when the employment rate of mothers is increasing. The subjects were 3, 4 & 5-year-old children who were attending kindergartens and day-care centers, located in Taegu, Korea, and their mothers; 124 employed and 136 unemployed. Two instruments were used; one is the instrument modified and supplemented by Lee, Kyoung-rae(1997) to the Korean situation to measure the mother`s child rearing attitude, based on the Maternal Behavior Research Instrument(MBRI) of Schaefer(1959), and the other is the instrument to examine the social ability which was prepared by adding and applying the instrument used by Kim, Jung-a(1990) for examining child`s social ability on the basis of the contents of social life area from the child observation scales based on the kindergarten curriculum specified by the Korean Ministry of Education. The results of this study were summarized as follows: First, there was no significant difference between mother`s employment or unemployment and child rearing attitude Second, in the relations between mother`s employment or unemployment and child`s social ability, the social ability of children having unemployed mothers was better than that of those having employed mothers. Third, in the relations between child rearing attitude and child`s social ability according to mother`s employment or unemployment, for unemployed mothers a significant correlation was shown between mother`s child rearing attitude and child`s social ability.
Chemical vapor deposition precursor chemistry. 3. Formation and characterization of crystalline nickel boride thin films from the cluster-assisted deposition of polyhedral borane compounds (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical vapor deposition precursor chemistry. 3. Formation and characterization of crystalline nickel boride thin films from the cluster-assisted deposition of polyhedral borane compoundsShreyas S. Kher and James T. SpencerCite this: Chem. Mater. 1992, 4, 3, 538–544Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cm00021a011https://doi.org/10.1021/cm00021a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views149Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Note on Pitch-Synchronous Processing of Speech (1956)

Voiced portions of speech waveforms are quasi-periodic in nature. This property arises from repeated excitation of the slowly changing vocal cavities by glottal puffs. Knowledge of this periodicity affords a means for reducing the channel capacity necessary to transmit a speech signal. One proposal to this end involves eliminating N − 1 of every N pitch periods before transmission, where N is chosen small enough so that variations important to the ear-cortex in the intraperiod wave form are preserved. Thus, provided consonants are similarly chopped, the channel capacity in bits/second can be reduced by 1/N. At the receiver, missing parts are restored by interpolating them in a predetermined way, for example, by simply repeating each of the received periods N − 1 times. Circuits for operating on monotone speech demonstrating this principle have been constructed. Experiments with N = 2, 3, and 4 indicate that minor distortion, which appears as submultiples of the pitch harmonics, is thereby introduced. Consonants are little affected by the chopping. A similar scheme which involves eliminating portions of the wave form in each period was also investigated. Less satisfactory results were obtained here, since the intraperiod wave form carries the phonemic information.
Characterization and Greedy Learning of Interventional Markov Equivalence Classes of Directed Acyclic Graphs (2011)

The investigation of directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) encoding the same Markov property, that is the same conditional independence relations of multivariate observational distributions, has a long tradition; many algorithms exist for model selection and structure learning in Markov equivalence classes. In this paper, we extend the notion of Markov equivalence of DAGs to the case of interventional distributions arising from multiple intervention experiments. We show that under reasonable assumptions on the intervention experiments, interventional Markov equivalence defines a finer partitioning of DAGs than observational Markov equivalence and hence improves the identifiability of causal models. We give a graph theoretic criterion for two DAGs being Markov equivalent under interventions and show that each interventional Markov equivalence class can, analogously to the observational case, be uniquely represented by a chain graph called interventional essential graph (also known as CPDAG in the observational case). These are key insights for deriving a generalization of the Greedy Equivalence Search algorithm aimed at structure learning from interventional data. This new algorithm is evaluated in a simulation study.
Molecular Targets and Therapeutic Strategies in Huntingtons Disease (2005)

This article provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms associated with striatal neuronal degeneration in Huntington's disease (HD), the most studied of the diseases caused by polyglutamine expansion. We discuss the current status of research in cellular and animal models of HD, in which protein aggregation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction, transcription deregulation, trophic factor starvation and the disruption of axonal transport appear to be key features for selective striatal neurodegeneration. We further emphasize some of the most promising current strategies in HD treatment. We delineate the molecular and cellular rationale underlying the development of new pharmaceutical interventions that offer new hope of future treatment for HD patients worldwide.
"Can you see me now?" An objective metric for predicting intelligibility of compressed American Sign Language video (2007)

For members of the Deaf Community in the United States, current communication tools include TTY/TTD services, video relay services, and text-based communication. With the growth of cellular technology, mobile sign language conversations are becoming a possibility. Proper coding techniques must be employed to compress American Sign Language (ASL) video for low-rate transmission while maintaining the quality of the conversation. In order to evaluate these techniques, an appropriate quality metric is needed. This paper demonstrates that traditional video quality metrics, such as PSNR, fail to predict subjective intelligibility scores. By considering the unique structure of ASL video, an appropriate objective metric is developed. Face and hand segmentation is performed using skin-color detection techniques. The distortions in the face and hand regions are optimally weighted and pooled across all frames to create an objective intelligibility score for a distorted sequence. The objective intelligibility metric performs significantly better than PSNR in terms of correlation with subjective responses.
One Flask Preparation of Trifluoromethylated Amides from Ketones and Trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane <i>via</i> Ritter Reaction with Nitriles (1997)

Trifluoromethylated amides are prepared in a simple one-flask reaction via the Ritter reaction of the corresponding trifluoromethylated silyl ethers, which themselves are readily obtained from the starting ketones and trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane. The yields are good to average.
Cooperation control of multiple manipulators with passive joints (1999)

This paper studies the problem of modeling and control of multiple cooperative underactuated manipulators handling a rigid object. We reveal holonomic property of such a system by presenting a smooth feedback controller subject to two conditions: 1) there are not fewer active joints than the degrees of freedom of the object; and 2) the Jacobian matrix with respect to passive joints is not singular. This controller is an extension of the PD plus gravity compensation scheme and its asymptotic stability is guaranteed by the LaSalle theorem. Furthermore, we develop a trajectory tracking controller that yields asymptotic convergence of position errors and bounded interaction forces simultaneously. The performance of the proposed controllers has been investigated by simulations on two 6-DOF underactuated manipulators and by experiments on the cooperative underactuated manipulator system developed at CMU.
Rivalry and interference with a head-mounted display (2002)

Perceptual factors that affect monocular, transparent (a.k.a "see-thru") head-mounted displays include binocular rivalry, visual interference, and depth of focus. We report the results of an experiment designed to evaluate the effects of these factors on user performance in a table look-up task. Two backgrounds were used. A dynamic moving background was provided by a large screen TV and an untidy bookshelf was used to provide a complex static background. With the TV background large effects were found attributable to both rivalry and visual interference. These two effects were roughly additive. Smaller effects were found with the bookshelf. In conclusion we suggest that monocular transparent HMDs may be unsuitable for use in visually dynamic environments. However when backgrounds are relatively static, having a transparent display may be preferable to having an opaque display.
A 500 Hz power system-applications (2003)

Applications and needs of high-frequency power supplies in industrial zones, chemical and steel plants, and commercial areas are investigated. The applications of the higher frequency and the selection of the frequency are discussed in detail. The conclusion drawn is that the suitable frequency seems to range from 400 Hz to 1 kHz. Energy and space saving applications of the higher frequency to fluorescent lighting, amorphous metal core transformers, DC power supplies, and naturally commutated cycloconverters are experimentally demonstrated. In addition, it is shown that the conventional thyristor AC voltage controller can be used for a soft starter of very high-speed induction motors.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Accurate microfour-point probe sheet resistance measurements on small samples (2009)

We show that accurate sheet resistance measurements on small samples may be performed using microfour-point probes without applying correction factors. Using dual configuration measurements, the sheet resistance may be extracted with high accuracy when the microfour-point probes are in proximity of a mirror plane on small samples with dimensions of a few times the probe pitch. We calculate theoretically the size of the "sweet spot," where sufficiently accurate sheet resistances result and show that even for very small samples it is feasible to do correction free extraction of the sheet resistance with sufficient accuracy. As an example, the sheet resistance of a 40 microm (50 microm) square sample may be characterized with an accuracy of 0.3% (0.1%) using a 10 microm pitch microfour-point probe and assuming a probe alignment accuracy of +/-2.5 microm.
The ontogeny of heart period patterning in the rat (1982)

Heart period, heart period variability, and respiration frequency were observed and compared longitudinally in rats from birth to 24 days of age. In addition, V, a quantification of respiratory sinus arrhythmia derived via spectral analysis of the heart period pattern, was observed. It was hypothesized that these heart period parameters would be differentially sensitive to the neural control of the heart and would, therefore, reflect different developmental patterns. Heart period and heart period variability indicated developmental patterns consistent with the literature. The ontogeny of V suggests that it may represent the developmental pattern of tonic vagal influences on the heart.
Self-stabilized single-longitudinal-mode operation in a self-Q-switched Cr,Nd:YAG laser (1993)

It is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, that stable single-longitudinal-mode operation, with transform-limited spectral linewidth and without pulse-to-pulse mode competition, can be obtained in a monolithic self-Q-switched Cr,Nd:YAG solid-state laser with a distributed saturable absorber. In this system, the lasing mode establishes a loss grating and thereby stabilizes itself.