gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>In Vivo</i>Labeling of Parvalbumin-Positive Interneurons and Analysis of Electrical Coupling in Identified Neurons (2002)

GABAergic interneurons can pace the activity of principal cells and are thus critically involved in the generation of oscillatory and synchronous network activity. The specific role of various GABAergic subpopulations, however, has remained elusive. This is in part attributable to the scarcity of certain GABAergic neurons and the difficulty of identifying them in slices obtained from brain regions in which anatomical structures are not readily recognizable in the live preparation. To facilitate the functional analysis of GABAergic interneurons, we generated transgenic mice in which the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) was specifically expressed in parvalbumin-positive neurons. The high fidelity of expression obtained using bacterial artificial chromosome transgenes resulted in EGFP-labeled neurons in nearly all brain regions known to contain parvalbumin-expressing neurons. Immunocytochemical analysis showed that EGFP expression was primarily restricted to parvalbumin-positive cells. In addition to cell body labeling, EGFP expression was high enough in many neurons to enable the visualization of dendritic structures. With the help of these mice, we investigated the presence of electrical coupling between parvalbumin-positive cells in brain slices obtained from young and adult animals. In dentate gyrus basket cells, electrical coupling was found in slices from young [postnatal day 14 (P14)] and adult (P28 and P42) animals, but both strength and incidence of coupling decreased during development. However, electrical coupling between parvalbumin-positive multipolar cells in layer II/III of the neocortex remains unaltered during development. Yet another developmental profile of electrical coupling was found between layer II/III parvalbumin-positive cells and excitatory principal cells. Between these neurons, electrical coupling was found at P14 but not at P28. The results indicate that the presence and strength of electrical coupling is developmentally regulated with respect to brain area and cell type.
Using AR to support cross-organisational collaboration in dynamic tasks (2009)

This paper presents a study where Augmented Reality (AR) technology has been used as a tool for supporting collaboration between the rescue services, the police and military personnel in a crisis management scenario. There are few studies on how AR systems should be designed to improve cooperation between actors from different organizations while at the same time support individual needs. In the present study an AR system was utilized for supporting joint planning tasks by providing organisation-specific views of a shared working. The study involved a simulated emergency event conducted in close to real settings with representatives from the organisations for which the system is developed. As a baseline, a series of trials without the AR system was carried out. Results show that the users were positive towards the AR system, and would like to use it in real work. They also experience some performance benefits of using the AR system compared to their traditional tools. Finally, the problem of designing for collaborative work as well as the benefits of using an iterative design processes is discussed.
Loose Plant Architecture1, an INDETERMINATE DOMAIN Protein Involved in Shoot Gravitropism, Regulates Plant Architecture in Rice  (2012)

Tiller angle and leaf angle are two important components of rice (Oryza sativa) plant architecture that play a crucial role in determining grain yield. Here, we report the cloning and characterization of the Loose Plant Architecture1 (LPA1) gene in rice, the functional ortholog of the AtIDD15/SHOOT GRAVITROPISM5 (SGR5) gene in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana). LPA1 regulates tiller angle and leaf angle by controlling the adaxial growth of tiller node and lamina joint. LPA1 was also found to affect shoot gravitropism. Expression pattern analysis suggested that LPA1 influences plant architecture by affecting the gravitropism of leaf sheath pulvinus and lamina joint. However, LPA1 only influences gravity perception or signal transduction in coleoptile gravitropism by regulating the sedimentation rate of amyloplasts, distinct from the actions of LAZY1. LPA1 encodes a plant-specific INDETERMINATE DOMAIN protein and defines a novel subfamily of 28 INDETERMINATE DOMAIN proteins with several unique conserved features. LPA1 is localized in the nucleus and functions as an active transcriptional repressor, an activity mainly conferred by a conserved ethylene response factor-associated amphiphilic repression-like motif. Further analysis suggests that LPA1 participates in a complicated transcriptional and protein interaction network and has evolved novel functions distinct from SGR5. This study not only facilitates the understanding of gravitropism mechanisms but also generates a useful genetic material for rice breeding.
Synthesis and Characterization of Molecularly Imprinted Microspheres (2000)

A novel method for the preparation of molecularly imprinted microspheres has been developed. Theophylline, caffeine, and 17β-estradiol are used as template molecules to demonstrate the generally applicable methodology. In the presence of a template molecule, cross-linking polymerization starting from a dilute solution of methacrylic acid and trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate yields polymer microspheres bearing imprinted binding sites. Radioligand binding analysis confirms that very high binding specificity is retained when the molar ratio of functional monomer:cross-linker is controlled between 1:1 and 2.3:1. Nonspecific binding of molecularly imprinted microspheres decreases when an increasing amount of template molecule is used for polymer preparation. Compared with previously reported suspension polymerization and seed polymerization, the present method is highly efficient, is generally applicable to various template molecules, and gives uniform microspheres in good yield.
Inhibition of MAO by Fractions and Constituents of Hypericum Extract (1994)

The inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) by six fractions from hypericum extract and three characteristic constituents (as pure substances) were analyzed in vitro and ex vivo to study the antidepressive mechanism of action. Rat brain homogenates were used as the in vitro model, while the ex vivo analysis was performed after intraperitoneal application of the test substances to albino rats. Massive inhibition of MAO-A could be shown with the total extract and all fractions only at the concentration of 10(-3) mol/L. At 10(-4) mol/L, one fraction rich in flavonoides showed an inhibition of 39%, and all other fractions demonstrated less than 25% inhibition. Using pure hypericin as well as in all ex vivo experiments, no relevant inhibiting effects could be shown. From the results it can be concluded that the clinically proven antidepressive effect of hypericum extract cannot be explained in terms of MAO inhibition.
A generative model for dynamic canvas motion (2005)

We present techniques for constructing realistic canvas and paper models and for enabling interactive dynamic canvas motion. Dynamic canvas motion means that there is a correspondence between the motion of canvas features and the motion of the models in the scene. Our artificial paper is created by simulating the physical process of creating paper with many individual fibers. To enable canvas motion, fibers are associated with each of the models in the scene. At runtime, the fibers associated with visible portions of the models and background fibers are used to construct a 2D canvas. Because fibers are tied to the models, the motion of canvas features corresponds to the motion of each model. This allows us to match the motion field of our dynamic 2D canvas to that of the the 3D scene exactly.
Distance-based detection and prediction of outliers (2006)

A distance-based outlier detection method that finds the top outliers in an unlabeled data set and provides a subset of it, called outlier detection solving set, that can be used to predict the outlierness of new unseen objects, is proposed. The solving set includes a sufficient number of points that permits the detection of the top outliers by considering only a subset of all the pairwise distances from the data set. The properties of the solving set are investigated, and algorithms for computing it, with subquadratic time requirements, are proposed. Experiments on synthetic and real data sets to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach are presented. A scaling analysis of the solving set size is performed, and the false positive rate, that is, the fraction of new objects misclassified as outliers using the solving set instead of the overall data set, is shown to be negligible. Finally, to investigate the accuracy in separating outliers from inliers, ROC analysis of the method is accomplished. Results obtained show that using the solving set instead of the data set guarantees a comparable quality of the prediction, but at a lower computational cost.
Molecular determinants of hyperosmotically activated NKCC1-mediated K<sup>+</sup>/K<sup>+</sup>exchange (2010)

Na(+)-K(+)-2Cl(-) cotransport (NKCC) mediates the movement of two Cl(-) ions for one Na(+) and one K(+) ion. Under isosmotic conditions or with activation of the kinases SPAK/WNK4, the NKCC1-mediated Cl(-) uptake in Xenopus laevis oocytes, as measured using (36)Cl, is twice the value of K(+) uptake, as determined using (86)Rb. Under hyperosmotic conditions, there is a significant activation of the bumetanide-sensitive K(+) uptake with only a minimal increase in bumetanide-sensitive Cl(-) uptake. This suggests that when stimulated by hypertonicity, the cotransporter mediates K(+)/K(+) and Cl(-)/Cl(-) exchange. Although significant stimulation of K(+)/K(+) exchange was observed with NKCC1, a significantly smaller hyperosmotic stimulatory effect was observed with NKCC2. In order to identify the molecular determinant(s) of this NKCC1-specific activation, we created chimeras of the mouse NKCC1 and the rat NKCC2. Swapping the regulatory amino termini of the cotransporters neither conferred activation to NKCC2 nor prevented activation of NKCC1. Using unique restrictions sites, we created additional chimeric molecules and determined that the first intracellular loop between membrane-spanning domains one and two and the second extracellular loop between membrane-spanning domains three and four of NKCC1 are necessary components of the hyperosmotic stimulation of K(+)/K(+) exchange.
SMN Requirement for Synaptic Vesicle, Active Zone and Microtubule Postnatal Organization in Motor Nerve Terminals (2011)

Low levels of the Survival Motor Neuron (SMN) protein produce Spinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA), a severe monogenetic disease in infants characterized by muscle weakness and impaired synaptic transmission. We report here severe structural and functional alterations in the organization of the organelles and the cytoskeleton of motor nerve terminals in a mouse model of SMA. The decrease in SMN levels resulted in the clustering of synaptic vesicles (SVs) and Active Zones (AZs), reduction in the size of the readily releasable pool (RRP), and the recycling pool (RP) of synaptic vesicles, a decrease in active mitochondria and limiting of neurofilament and microtubule maturation. We propose that SMN is essential for the normal postnatal maturation of motor nerve terminals and that SMN deficiency disrupts the presynaptic organization leading to neurodegeneration.
ELTRAN/sup (R)/ by water-jet splitting in stress-controlled porous Si (2003)

The ELTRAN/sup (R)/ SOI wafer process (Yonehara et al, 1994) has effectively used porous Si in the epitaxial and etching processes. In addition, porous Si again plays the other significant role in cost reduction. If the bonded pairs are split at the porous Si layers and the wasted starting materials (device wafers) are reused for the next device wafers, the manufacturing cost can be dramatically reduced. The splitting technique was developed and demonstrated using double layered porous Si in conjunction with water jets. The mechanism of splitting was investigated from the viewpoint of the stress in porous Si. The dynamic stress configuration was observed and controlled for the splitting of double porous Si layers. By reusing the device wafers, three-cycled ELTRAN/sup (R)/ wafers were successfully fabricated from one device wafer. SOI quality was found not to be degraded by the device wafer reuse and to be comparable to that of the conventional process.
Partial purification and characterization of .beta.-mannosyltransferase from suspension-cultured soybean cells (1987)

The beta-mannosyltransferase that catalyzes the synthesis of Man-beta-GlcNAc-GlcNAc-PP-dolichol from GDP-mannose and dolichyl-PP-GlcNAc-GlcNAc was solubilized from microsomes of suspension-cultured soybean cells by treatment with 1.5% Triton X-100 and was purified about 700-fold by chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylapatite, and a GDP affinity column. The purified enzyme was reasonably stable in the presence of 20% glycerol and 0.5 mM dithiothreitol. The enzyme required either detergent (Triton X-100 or NP-40) or phospholipid for maximum activity, but the effects of these two were not additive. Thus, either phosphatidylcholine or Triton X-100 could give maximum stimulation. In terms of phospholipid stimulation, both the head group and the acyl chain appeared to be important since phosphatidylcholines with 18-carbon unsaturated fatty acids were most effective. The purified enzyme had a sharp pH optimum of 6.9-7.0 and required a divalent cation. Mg2+ was the best metal ion with optimum activity occurring at 6 mM, but Mn2+ was reasonably effective while Ca2+ was slightly stimulatory. The Km for GDP-mannose was calculated to be 1.7 X 10(-6) M and that for dolichyl-PP-GlcNAc-GlcNAc about 9 X 10(-6) M. The enzyme was inhibited by a number of guanosine nucleotides such as GDP-glucose, GDP, GMP, and GTP, but various uridine and adenosine nucleotides were without effect. The purified enzyme was apparently free of alpha-1,3-mannosyltransferase (and perhaps other mannosyltransferases) and dolichyl-P-mannose synthase since the only product seen from dolichyl-PP-GlcNAc-GlcNAc and GDP-mannose was Man-beta-GlcNAc-GlcNAc-PP-dolichol.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Toward computerized morphometric facilities: A review of 58 software packages for computer‐aided three‐dimensional reconstruction, quantification, and picture generation from parallel serial sections (1986)

This review gives an inventory of 58 computer-aided three-dimensional reconstruction applications in the domain of biomedical research. It is devoted to the formulation of a set of recommendations thought to be necessary for improved performance of software packages in this field. These recommendations can be used to select packages and to guide future developments of existing reconstruction systems. The survey is restricted to three-dimensional reconstructions based upon a series of parallel sections of an object. Subjects treated are programming languages, resolution and sampling, input preparation, realignment, local deformation of slices, numerical quantifications, topological complexity, internal representation, display complexity (hidden surfaces, shading, smoothing), structure extraction, descriptive elements, database, data compression, time efficiency of systems and algorithms, hardware configuration, input devices, input media, interactive aids, display devices, and output devices. Information for this survey comes from articles that appeared between 1965 and 1985.
Textbook of Pulmonary Diseases (1989)

The normal lung diagnostic methods differential diagnosis pulmonary pharmacology inflammatory and interstitial diseases infectious diseases environmental lung disease obstructive lung disease respiratory insufficiency pulmonary manifestations of systemic diseases pulmonary vascular diseases neoplastic diseases congenital, developmental and genetic diseases of the lung pleural diseases.
Preparation and Characterization of Luminescent SCS and NCN Pincer Platinum Complexes Derived from 3,5-Bis(anilinothiocarbonyl)toluene (2006)

Starting from 5-methyl-1,3-bis(anilinothiocarbonyl)benzene (1), two types of luminescent pincer platinum complexes with κ3S,C,S and κ3N,C,N coordination modes were obtained. Reaction of 1 with K2PtCl4 afforded a pincer Pt(II) complex (3) with the κ3S,C,S coordination mode, whereas oxidative cyclization of 1 yielded 5-methyl-1,3-bis(benzothiazol-2-yl)benzene (2), which provided a pincer Pt(II) complex (4) with the κ3N,C,N coordination mode. Molecular structures and photochemical properties of the complexes have been examined. The decay lifetimes of the emission from the complexes were in the range 10-5−10-6 s, which were indicative of phosphorescent emission.
High-T<sub>c</sub> Phase Promoted and Stabilized in the Bi, Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System (1988)

Partial substitution of Pb for Bi in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O system has been found to sharply increase the volume fraction of the high- T c phase when both the starting material (coprecipitated oxalate being used in the present study) and the heating process are appropriate. The sharp powder X-ray diffraction pattern obtained from well-grown particles, 5∼10 µm wide and 0.5 µm thick typically, was assigned to an orthorhombic cell with a =0.537 nm, b =2.682 nm, and c =3.726 nm. The electrical resistance dropped to zero at 107 K within the experimental limit of 10 -6 Ω. A large diamagnetic response in the ac susceptibility due to the Meissner effect was seen below 120 K. The dominance of the high- T c phase over the low- T c phase was roughly estimated at 9/1 in volume.
Two-colour diode lasers for generation of THz radiation (2005)

Direct emission of terahertz (THz) radiation out of a two-colour semiconductor laser is reported and analysed. The geometry of the tunable two-colour laser is described together with the physical mechanisms responsible for the emission at the THz difference frequency of the two pump colours used. On the basis of this analysis, different possibilities are suggested to increase the emitted THz intensity towards application relevant levels.
Cellular prion protein promotes proliferation and G1/S transition of human gastric cancer cells SGC7901 and AGS (2007)

The function of cellular prion protein (PrP(C)), the essential protein for the pathogenesis and transmission of prion diseases, is still largely unknown. The putative roles of PrP(C) are thought to be related to cell signaling, survival, and differentiation. In a previous study, we showed that PrP(C) was overexpressed in gastric cancer tissues. In the present report, we show that ectopic expression of PrP(C) could promote tumorigenesis, proliferation, and G1/S transition in gastric cancer cells. Furthermore, CyclinD1, a protein related to cell cycle, was shown to be significantly up-regulated by PrP(C) at both mRNA and protein levels. PI3K/Akt pathway mediated above PrP(C) signal since PrP(C) increased the expression of phosphorylated Akt, and the specific inhibitor of Akt, LY294002, could markedly suppress growth of SGC7901 and transactivation of CyclinD1 induced by PrP(C). Octapeptide repeat region played a vital role in this function, as deletion of this region abolished or reduced these effects. Collectively, this study demonstrates that overexpression of PrP(C) might promote the tumorigenesis and proliferation of gastric cancer cells at least partially through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway and subsequent transcriptional activation of CyclinD1 to regulate the G1/S phase transition, in which octapeptide repeat region might be an indispensable region.
Does <i>In Vitro</i> Bone Marrow Purging Improve the Outcome after Autologous Bone Marrow Transplantation? (1993)

High-dose therapy with bone marrow rescue is now regarded as an effective treatment for a variety of malignancies. In an attempt to circumvent the scarcity of HLA-matched donors, autologous marrow has been successfully used as the source of cells for hematopoietic reconstitution. There has been considerable controversy as to whether any malignant cells present in the graft could contribute to relapse of disease post-transplant. In this paper we review clinical results obtained by using autologous transplantation and present evidence on how ex vivo tumor purging may contribute to the outcome.
THE MEMBRANE TRANSPORT OF ASCORBIC ACID<sup>*</sup> (1975)

A system for measuring the rate of transport of dehydroascorbate into human red blood cells shows Michaelis-Menten type kinetics with substrate inhibition at levels above 150 muM DHA. The addition of sugars impairs this transport in the diminishing hierarchy D-glucose, D-mannose, D-xylose, D-galactose, L-lyxose, D-araboascorbate, L-sorbose and 2-deoxy-D-ribose. The effect of glucose on transport of ascorbate is marked at physiological levels. Transport of DHA is accelerated by copper ion and allows dehydroascorbate to move against a concentration gradient. The evidence supports the hypotheses proposing that hyperglycemia will impair the intracellular availability of vitamin C.
Effects of Parenteral Lipid Emulsions With Different Fatty Acid Composition on Immune Cell Functions In Vitro (2000)

Our results suggest that an olive oil-based lipid emulsion could modulate immune response selectively, maintaining protective immunity and reducing inflammatory response. Olive oil may offer an immunologically neutral alternative to soybean oil for use in parenteral lipid emulsions.
Magnetic separation in alternating fields (1987)

An alternating-current (ac) powered high-gradient magnetic separator (HGMS) was compared with a conventional (direct-current powered) HGMS. Over all tested conditions with magnetite/ silica mixtures, the ac HGMS gave significantly higher grades of magnetite in the magnetic product. The probable reason is that the alternating field causes vibration of the bed of particles held on the matrix which dislodges entrapped nonmagnetic particles. This was supported by testing the HGMS with mechanical vibration of the matrix which gave even higher grades than the ac HGMS. A model of grade, based on the probability of void filling, was developed which fitted the grade versus the feed composition data.
Cloning, sequencing and expression in Escherichia coli of cDNA for a non-A, non-B hepatitis-associated microtubular aggregates protein (1990)

A 1.7 kb cDNA encoding a novel antigen (p44; apparent Mr 44K) associated with non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis, was isolated from the hepatic cDNA library of a chimpanzee infected with NANB hepatitis. The library was screened with a monoclonal antibody against this antigen. The cDNA cloned contained an open reading frame encoding a 444 amino acid protein with an Mr calculated to be 50,468. The cDNA hybridized to a 1.9 kb mRNA obtained from chimpanzee hepatocytes infected with either the NANB or hepatitis delta viruses. It hybridized weakly to mRNA from hepatitis B virus-infected hepatocytes, and not at all to mRNA from normal chimpanzee hepatocytes. Southern blot analysis revealed that p44 is a host protein in chimpanzees, and that an identical gene exists in the human genome.
Spectroscopy and tunable laser operation of Yb<sup>3+</sup>:CaF 2 single crystals (2004)

By using laser selective excitation and low temperature time-resolved spectroscopy techniques, we have been able to experimentally identified the ion centers of tetragonal, trigonal and cubic symmetries in a low concentrated crystal as 0.03%Yb<sup>3+</sup>:CaF<sub>2</sub>. This low temperature study was then completed by an analysis of the room temperature spectroscopic properties and of the laser potential of more concentrated Yb<sup>3+</sup> doped CaF<sub>2</sub> single crystals grown in our laboratory. A laser slope efficiency of 50% with respect to the absorbed 920 nm pump power was obtained, and the laser wavelength could be tuned between 1000 to 1060 nm.