gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Two forms of murine epidermal growth factor: rapid separation by using reverse-phase HPLC. (1982)

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) has been isolated from acid extracts of C57BL6/J mouse submaxillary glands by using hydrophobic chromatography. High yields of EGF in large amounts (10 mg) can be isolated reliably from the acid extract of the glands in less than 4 hr. The reverse-phase HPLC techniques used to purify the EGF initially yielded what appeared to be a single homogeneous EGF molecule. However, ion pairing reagents (e.g., heptafluorobutyric acid) altered the chromatographic properties, revealing two distinct species: EGF-alpha and EGF-beta. The apparent molecular weights, isoelectric points, and antigenic properties of EGF-alpha and EGF-beta were identical, and both forms stimulated a mitogenic response in 3T3 cells. Analysis of different preparations of purified EGF (commercial and experimental) indicated the presence of EGF-alpha and EGF-beta in constant proportion. Previous EGF binding studies must have used mixtures of 125I-labeled EGF-alpha and 125I-labeled EGF-beta. The two molecules appear to compete for an identical receptor on the cell surface.
Pylon Model for Semantic Segmentation (2011)

Graph cut optimization is one of the standard workhorses of image segmentation since for binary random field representations of the image, it gives globally optimal results and there are efficient polynomial time implementations. Often, the random field is applied over a flat partitioning of the image into non-intersecting elements, such as pixels or super-pixels. In the paper we show that if, instead of a flat partitioning, the image is represented by a hierarchical segmentation tree, then the resulting energy combining unary and boundary terms can still be optimized using graph cut (with all the corresponding benefits of global optimality and efficiency). As a result of such inference, the image gets partitioned into a set of segments that may come from different layers of the tree. We apply this formulation, which we call the pylon model, to the task of semantic segmentation where the goal is to separate an image into areas belonging to different semantic classes. The experiments highlight the advantage of inference on a segmentation tree (over a flat partitioning) and demonstrate that the optimization in the pylon model is able to flexibly choose the level of segmentation across the image. Overall, the proposed system has superior segmentation accuracy on several datasets (Graz-02, Stanford background) compared to previously suggested approaches. 1
Handle System Overview (2003)

Several groups within the IETF and IRTF have discussed the Handle System and its relationship to existing systems of identifiers.The IESG wishes to point out that these discussions have not resulted in IETF consensus on the described Handle System, nor on how it might fit into the IETF architecture for identifiers.Though there has been discussion of handles as a form of URI, specifically as a URN, these documents describe an alternate view of how namespaces and identifiers might work on the Internet and include characterizations of existing systems which may not match the IETF consensus view.
Fast Exact Multiplication by the Hessian (1994)

Just storing the Hessian H (the matrix of second derivatives δ 2 E/δw i δw j of the error E with respect to each pair of weights) of a large neural network is difficult. Since a common use of a large matrix like H is to compute its product with various vectors, we derive a technique that directly calculates Hv, where v is an arbitrary vector. To calculate Hv, we first define a differential operator R v {f(w)} = (δ/δr)f(w + rv)|r=0, note that R v {▽w} = Hv and R v {w} = v, and then apply R v {·} to the equations used to compute ▽ w . The result is an exact and numerically stable procedure for computing Hv, which takes about as much computation, and is about as local, as a gradient evaluation. We then apply the technique to a one pass gradient calculation algorithm (backpropagation), a relaxation gradient calculation algorithm (recurrent backpropagation), and two stochastic gradient calculation algorithms (Boltzmann machines and weight perturbation). Finally, we show that this technique can be used at the heart of many iterative techniques for computing various properties of H, obviating any need to calculate the full Hessian.
Synthesis of phase-modulated resonant DC/AC inverters and DC/DC convertors (1992)

A simple analytical description of phase-modulated resonant DC/AC inverters and DC/DC convertors is presented. Principles of synthesis of these circuits are introduced. Various topologies of phase-modulated inverters and convertors are given. The basic cell of the phase-modulated inverter consists of two conventional resonant DC/AC inverters connected in parallel or in series with an AC load. The two inverters are synchronised to the same operating frequency and have a controllable phase shift between their output currents or voltages to control the overall output current, voltage, or power, depending upon the application. Phase-modulated resonant DC/DC convertors can be obtained by adding current-driven or voltage-driven rectifiers at the output of phase-modulated DC/AC inverters. Both phase-modulated inverters and convertors can operate at a fixed switching frequency, reducing EMI problems.
Time Optimal and Robust Control of Twin Rotor System (2007)

This paper presents a new method to implement a time optimal control for a twin rotor MIMO system. We first decouple this MIMO system into two independent SISO systems, and consider the coupling effects as disturbances or the change of system parameters. For each of the SISO system, we design a time optimal robust controller, then join them together. As these optimal controllers can tolerate 50 % changes in system parameters, the joined system can tolerate the coupling effects and keep its original SISO performance. This new method is evaluated in both simulations using Simulink.
Strong, specific anti-human leukemia antisera prepared with the use of purified cell membrane antigen. (1981)

Two rabbits immunized with 15 micrograms of a purified human thymus leukemia-associated antigen preparation and boosted once with the same amount of the antigen preparation yielded antisera that showed strong specificity for human leukemic T-cells without any prior absorptions. These antisera from the two rabbits showed a 50% killing of cells at antiserum dilutions of 5700- and 1600-fold, respectively, against JM, a leukemic T-cell line, and slightly weaker activity against MOLT-4, another leukemia T-cell line. These antisera, without any absorption, showed no or minimal reaction against two nonmalignant B-cell lines (RPMI 1788 and RPMI 8057), a leukemic non-T, non-B-cell line (NALM-16), a leukemic pre-B-cell line (NALM-1), normal peripheral blood lymphocytes, and T-cells isolated from peripheral blood lymphocytes. Antiserum 7557, which showed the higher antibody activity, was further studied by an absorption test using various human cell lines. The antiserum showed strong activity against all three leukemic T-cell lines tested, i.e., CCRF-CEM, RPMI 8402, and CCRF-HSB-2, whereas it showed no significant activity against other cell lines which included two leukemic non-T, non-B-cell lines (KM-3 and NALM-6), NALM-1 and RPMI 1788. These are the first anti-human leukemia antisera, except for monoclonal hybridoma antibodies, that showed good specificity for leukemia cells without prior absorption. The present procedure of immunizing animals with a small amount of human thymus leukemia-associated antigen preparation isolated from cell membrane will also be useful for obtaining strong, specific antisera of other cell membrane antigens.
Magnetic Design Aspects of the Trans-Rotary Magnetic Gear (2014)

This paper studies several magnetic design aspects of the trans-rotary magnetic gear (TROMAG). The TROMAG is a magnetic device that converts linear motion to rotation, and vice versa, through magnetic field while doing a gearing action. This means that a high-force, low-speed translation can be converted to a high-speed low-torque rotation. Once coupled with a conventional rotary machine, the resultant system may be used as a compact electromechanical motion system for high-force linear-motion applications, such as wave energy conversion. The paper investigates the magnetic design of the TROMAG by means of either two-dimensional (2-D) or three-dimensional (3-D) finite element analysis (FEA), or an accurate analytical model. The impact of nonideal discretized helix and dimensions of magnets and air gap are investigated, as well as scaling rules of the TROMAG and the possibility of demagnetization. Experimental results obtained from a lab prototype are also presented to verify the concept and analysis.
Potassium Hydroxide Improves Seed Germination and Emergence in Five Native Plant Species (1998)

The seeds of difficult-to-germinate native species of American licorice ( Glycyrrhiza lepidota Pursh), angelica ( Angelica atropurpurea L.), wild blueberry ( Vaccinium angustifolium Ait.), wild mint ( Mentha arvensis L.), and purple coneflower ( Echinacea angustifolia D.C.), were soaked in 0, 2.5, 5.3, or 7.6 m KOH solutions for 0, 1, 5, 10, 15, or 20 minutes. After these treatments, germination was determined at 10 °C with a 14-hour photoperiod in petri dishes and seedling emergence was conducted at 14/10 °C with a 14-hour photoperiod in a sandy loam soil. In general, KOH treatment for only 1 min enhanced germination and seedling emergence. The optimal KOH concentration and soaking time in improving seed germination and seedling emergence varied with species, being 5.3 m and 10 min for purple coneflower, 5.3 m and 5 minutes for wild blueberry, 7.6 m and 5 minutes for angelica, 7.6 m and 1 minute for wild mint, and 5.3-7.6 m and 10 minutes for American licorice, respectively. Prolonged soaking, particularly in high concentrations, reduced germination and emergence.
On the applicability of genetic algorithms to protein folding (2002)

Discusses the protein folding problem and suggests the use of genetic algorithms for protein folding simulations. The issues of protein energy functions, search algorithms, and folding pathways are discussed. The authors review the current approaches to the protein folding problem, point out the limitations of the approaches, and present the genetic algorithm method, which is based on viewing evolution as an optimization process. The schemata theorem is proved in the context of protein structure, showing that during a genetic algorithm search more and more attention will be given to favorable local structures while unfavorable local structures will be rapidly abandoned. It is shown that genetic algorithms are a suitable tool in protein structure predictions. A version of the genetic algorithm is presented that is suitable for protein structure prediction. The behavior of the algorithm is explored in a single model of folding, and it is shown that the algorithm behaves as expected and is able to find the correct conformation.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Electrochemical Oxidation of H[sub 2] and H[sub 2]∕CO Mixtures in Higher Temperature (T[sub cell]>100°C) Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (2005)

Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of the electrochemical oxidation of and mixtures on the proton exchange membrane fuel cell anode ( or electrocatalysts) was performed at higher temperature and ambient pressure. Anode polarization studies were also conducted with the same mixture-fed streams. Both impedance and anode polarization provide information on the mechanism of electrochemical oxidation of and mixtures. The impedance spectra are presented and compared at various CO concentrations (, 1 and 2%), cell temperatures , relative humidity conditions , as well as different dc bias potentials for characterizing the CO tolerance of the electrocatalysts. CO poisoning is alleviated by increasing the cell temperature, and relative humidity plays a strong role in the EIS and anode polarization. The impedance spectrum of the CO poisoned anode is strongly dependent on the dc bias potential. Under certain dc bias potential conditions, pseudoinductive behavior appears in the complex impedance plots, corresponding to the onset oxidation of CO as indicated from anode polarization.
Photocatalytic decomposition of water and photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide over zirconia catalyst (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEArticleNEXTPhotocatalytic decomposition of water and photocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide over zirconia catalystK. Sayama and H. ArakawaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1993, 97, 3, 531–533Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/j100105a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views4450Altmetric-Citations432LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (342 KB) Get e-Alerts
Overcoming multi‐drug resistance using an intracellular anti‐MDR1 sFv (2001)

We made an intracellular single-chain variable fragment (sFv) from the C219 monoclonal antibody that recognized the intracellular domain of the multidrug resistance (MDR) gene product, P-glycoprotein (P-gp). Immuno-cytochemistry using the FITC conjugated anti-C-myc tag antibody showed that the sFv protein was expressed in the cytoplasm of the cells. Although transfection of the sFv did not result in the down-regulation of P-gp expression in P-gp positive MDR cells as determined by flow cytometry analysis, Adriamycin (ADM) uptake and Rhodamine123 (Rh123) retention were increased by the C219 intra-cellular sFv transfection. The transfected cells exhibited a higher sensitivity to ADM using a 10-day colony formation assay. The conventional 3-day MTT assay showed the drug resistant tendency in C219 sFv transfected cell we tested. The growth rate of C219 sFv transfected cells was delayed in all non-MDR and MDR cells that might be the reason why C219 transfected cells exhibited the drug resistant tendency in the MTT assay. Despite this unexpected effect of C219 sFv on growth rate, our data suggest that the intra-cellular sFv technique could knockout MDR functionally and may offer a means of increasing the effectiveness of tumor chemotherapy. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Implantable MEMS drug delivery device for cancer radiation reduction (2010)

We present the first implantable MEMS drug delivery device that includes an electrochemical bellows pump, refillable drug reservoir, and dual regulation valve. Multiple drug pump configurations were fabricated, assembled, and tested. Delivery of agents for cancer radiation reduction was demonstrated. In vivo chronic delivery of radiation sensitizing agents in the form of small interfering (siRNA)-gold nanorod complexes (nanoplexes) directly to tumors induced in mice was achieved. Radiation therapy in conjunction with active drug pumping by electrolysis actuation resulted in significant reduction of colon cancer tumor (HT29) size (~50%) over diffusion-based delivery and intravenous injections. To our knowledge, this is the first MEMS drug delivery pump suitable for safe, efficacious, and local delivery of short half-life siRNA in vivo.
Performance of Multiple Description Coding in Sensor Networks with Finite Buffers (2005)

Sensor networks are usually dense networks where the network diversity can be exploited in order to overcome failures. In this paper, we study the use of multiple description techniques in the context of sensor networks where the cause of failures is due to the usual practical constraint of having finite buffers in the sensors, instead of the more traditional case of link failures considered in previous research. Although from a theoretical point of view we observe that the use of more descriptions provides usually better performance, we show experimentally that this is not the case in practice, when real constraints are introduced, such as finite buffers and the presence of header information, necessary for any real application. Our main result is that the optimal number of descriptions, in terms of average distortion, decreases as the fraction of header information increases for a given buffer size
Split Spy0128 as a Potent Scaffold for Protein Cross-Linking and Immobilization (2013)

Site-specific cross-linking techniques between proteins and additional functional groups have become increasingly important for expanding the utility of proteins in biochemistry and biotechnology. In order to explore powerful techniques for practical bioconjugation applications, we have validated a technique mediated by a unique property of Streptcoccus pyogenes pilin subunit Spy0128, an autocatalytic intramolecular isopeptide formation in Spy0128. Recently, it has been revealed that Spy0128 can be split into two fragments (split-Spy0128 (residues 18-299 of Spy0128) and isopeptag (residues 293-308 of Spy0128)) that were capable of forming an intermolecular covalent complex. We focused on this unique reconstitution property and first studied the bioconjugation of blue and green fluorescent proteins, enabling the direct monitoring of cross-linking reactions by Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET). A fluorescence lifetime study shows that spatial control of two proteins on the Spy0128 scaffold is possible when one protein is fused to the N-terminus of split-Spy0128 and another one is tethered at the N- or C-terminus of the isopeptag. Furthermore, we demonstrated site-specific protein immobilization mediated by the reconstitution of split-Spy0128 and isopeptag. In this case, a split-Spy0128 mutant with a free N-terminal Cys residue was first immobilized onto beads chemically modified with a maleimide group through a Michael addition process. Then, an isopeptagged protein was successfully immobilized onto the split-Spy0128-immobilized beads. These results suggest that Spy0128 is a potent proteinaceous scaffold available for bioconjugation both in solution and at a solid surface.
Acute Myeloid Leukemia in Children Treated with Epipodophyllotoxins for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (1991)

The risk of epipodophyllotoxin-related AML depends largely on the schedule of drug administration. Other factors, including the cumulative dose of epipodophyllotoxin, radiotherapy, and the initial biologic features of the leukemic blast cells, do not appear to have critical roles.
Weighted dilution of precision as quality measure in satellite positioning (2003)

Weighted dilution of precision is addressed as a quality measure in satellite positioning. Two different formations of weighted DOP are given, KDOP and WDOP. WDOP is proved monotonically decreasing and KDOP non-monotonic in respect of the number of satellites. The non-monotonicity of KDOP is exploited in the proposed exclusion method. The exclusion method does not require any artificial rejection threshold to be created. Using real GPS data, the proposed exclusion method was tested in Matlab simulations. The results state that the proposed method can reduce the positioning error and/or computational load of the receiver. The paper examines thoroughly the UERE weighted DOP and proposes a novel method for satellite selection for satellite positioning systems.
Structured Support Advances Extension Educator Intercultural Development During a Short-Term Study Abroad Experience (2020)

Extension educators need intercultural competence to communicate with international audiences and facilitate dialogue in diverse domestic communities. Although many Extension professionals have traveled abroad, experience abroad does not necessarily lead to intercultural competence without intentional intercultural development support. We describe a novel program designed to develop Extension educators' intercultural competence by involving them as mentors in an undergraduate agriculture study abroad program. Statements by the participating educators support increased ability to recognize and adapt to multiple frameworks, increased self-reflection, and enriched interactions and programming for their diverse communities.
Transparent metal electrodes from ordered nanosphere arrays (2013)

We show that perforated metal electrode arrays, fabricated using nanosphere lithography, provide a viable alternative to conductive metal oxides as transparent electrode materials. The inter-aperture spacing is tuned by varying etching times in an oxygen plasma, and the effect of inter-aperture “wire” thickness on the optical and electronic properties of perforated silver films is shown. Optical transmission is limited by reflection and surface plasmons, and for these results do not exceed 73%. Electrical sheet resistance is shown to be as low as 3 Ω ◻−1 for thermally evaporated silver films. The performance of organic photovoltaic devices comprised of a P3HT:PCBM bulk heterojunction deposited onto perforated metal arrays is shown to be limited by optical transmission, and a simple model is presented to overcome these limitations.
The effects of the beta-adrenergic agonist salbutamol on meat quality in pigs. (1990)

The beta-adrenergic agonist Salbutamol was administered to pigs at 3 ppm in the feed between weaning and slaughter at 85 kg. Growth rate was not affected by Salbutamol. Treated pigs had a higher dressing percentage (2.6%) and produced carcasses that were less fat (17%) and had longissimus (LD) muscles of larger (11%) cross-sectional area. They also had smaller livers that contained less glycogen. The thinner backfat in treated animals was less firm and tended to separate from the underlying lean. However, these changes were attributable solely to the reduced fatness and there was no direct effect of Salbutamol. There were no differences in pH 45 min postmortem, percentage drip loss during storage or reflectance value of the LD between the two groups, indicating no greater propensity for Salbutamol-treated pigs to develop pale, soft, exudative muscle. However, treated pigs had higher final pH values in the muscles; this was reflected in slightly reduced hue and saturation values. These results suggest that the propensity of the pigs to develop dark, firm, dry meat was slightly increased. Salbutamol-treated pigs produced LD muscles that were slightly tougher (22%), had reduced concentration of heme pigments in the muscle, reduced plasma glucose and increased plasma creatine phosphokinase activity. Salbutamol improved lean meat yield but slightly increased the potential to produce dark, firm, dry meat and reduced tenderness.