gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Placental Drug Transport‐on‐a‐Chip: A Microengineered In Vitro Model of Transporter‐Mediated Drug Efflux in the Human Placental Barrier (2017)

The current lack of knowledge about the effect of maternally administered drugs on the developing fetus is a major public health concern worldwide. The first critical step toward predicting the safety of medications in pregnancy is to screen drug compounds for their ability to cross the placenta. However, this type of preclinical study has been hampered by the limited capacity of existing in vitro and ex vivo models to mimic physiological drug transport across the maternal-fetal interface in the human placenta. Here the proof-of-principle for utilizing a microengineered model of the human placental barrier to simulate and investigate drug transfer from the maternal to the fetal circulation is demonstrated. Using the gestational diabetes drug glyburide as a model compound, it is shown that the microphysiological system is capable of reconstituting efflux transporter-mediated active transport function of the human placental barrier to limit fetal exposure to maternally administered drugs. The data provide evidence that the placenta-on-a-chip may serve as a new screening platform to enable more accurate prediction of drug transport in the human placenta.
Pattern-Reconfigurable Antenna With Five Switchable Beams in Elevation Plane (2018)

Pattern-reconfigurable antennas with multiple switchable beams, especially with both boresight and endfire directions, are highly desired for wireless communications. In this letter, a novel pattern-reconfigurable antenna is proposed that provides an efficient solution. By reconfiguring parasitic striplines placed around a radiating dipole and reflecting metal pieces under the dipole using p-i-n diodes, the antenna main beam can be switched to five directions in the elevation plane, approximately from -90° (left endfire), -45°, 0° (boresight), +45°, to +90° (right endfire). The proposed antenna operates at 2.45 GHz with dimensions of about 0.57λ × 0.45λ × 0.28λ. An antenna prototype is fabricated and measured. For all five directional beams, the measured |S <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> | values are below -13 dB, and the measured realized gains range from 5.2 to 6.5 dBi. They agree reasonably well with the simulated ones.
Cell-Free Biosynthesis of Fluoroacetate and 4-Fluorothreonine in Streptomyces cattleya (2002)

The biosynthesis of organofluorine compounds, for example, fluoroacetate, was demonstrated from (S)-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) and fluoride ions in a cell-free extract of Streptomyces cattleya. Incubation of 5′-fluoro-5′-deoxyadenosine (5′-FDA), the first organofluorine product formed in the fluoroacetate pathway, with the cell-free extract resulted in the transient accumulation of fluoroacetaldehyde, thus confirming its role as an intermediate in the synthesis of fluorometabolites (see scheme). Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2002/z19887_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Preparation and Functional Evaluation of RGD-Modified Proteins as α<sub>v</sub>β<sub>3</sub> Integrin Directed Therapeutics (2001)

Tumor blood vessels can be selectively targeted by RGD-peptides that bind to alpha(v)beta(3) integrin on angiogenic endothelial cells. By inhibiting the binding of these integrins to its natural ligands, RGD-peptides can serve as antiangiogenic therapeutics. We have prepared multivalent derivatives of the cyclic RGD-peptide c(RGDfK) by covalent attachment of the peptide to side chain amino groups of a protein. These RGDpep-protein conjugates inhibited alpha(v)beta(3)-mediated endothelial cell adhesion in vitro, while conjugates prepared with a control RAD-peptide showed no activity. Radiobinding and displacement studies with endothelial cells demonstrated an increased affinity of the RGDpep-protein conjugates compared to the free peptide, with IC(50) values ranging from 23 to 0.6 nM, depending on the amount of coupled RGDpep per protein. Compared to the parental RGD-peptide and the related RGD-peptide ligand c(RGDfV), the RGDpep-protein conjugates showed a considerable increase in affinity (IC(50) parent RGDpep: 818 nM; IC(50) c(RGDfV): 158 nM). We conclude that the conjugation of RGD-peptides to a protein, resulting in products that can bind multivalently, is a powerful approach to increase the affinity of peptide ligands for alpha(v)beta(3)/alpha(v)beta(5) integrins.
A arte e a experiência estética clássica vs. contemporânea em recentes estudos das neurociências e da semiótica cognitiva: avanços e limitações (2019)

Este artigo começa por realçar a universal valorização da arte num quadro tradicional e paradoxal em que as ciências humanas não logram a sua cabal definição e as ciências exatas não a consideram digna de interesse. Foca depois a problematização da evolução da arte e da experiência estética a partir da segunda metade do séc. XIX relativamente à sua receção, que se agudiza na contemporaneidade, registando, paradoxal e paralelamente, por um lado um aumento da sua popularidade e mitificação, por outro uma mudança de posicionamento das ciências exatas que, sobretudo através das neurociências, lhe passam a dedicar estudos. À luz desta problematização, analisa de seguida e compara cinco estudos pioneiros e recentes de neurocientistas e teóricos da semiótica cognitiva sobre a arte e a experiência estética, registando os seus contributos inovadores para a compreensão das mesmas, mas também as suas limitações – e, por fim, o seu caráter promissor em termos de futuro.
Ultrasonic Atomization of Liquids (1963)

A theory of ultrasonic atomization of liquid films is presented. It is assumed that exponential growth of surface disturbances ultimately results in the formation of liquid drops, the diameters of which are proportional to the wavelength of the most rapidly growing initial disturbance. The hydrodynamic stability equations of the liquid film are examined, and the most rapidly growing initial disturbances are determined by numerical solution in the unstable region. A resultant correlation between drop size, transducer frequency, transducer amplitude, and liquid-film thickness is obtained. Results are compared to previous theoretical and experimental conclusions.
Use of insoluble polymer supports in organic synthesis. 9. Synthesis of unsymmetrical carotenoids on solid phases (1977)

We study the following two related questions:\n- What are the minimal computational resources required for general secure multiparty computation in the presence of an honest majority?\n- What are the minimal resources required for two-party primitives such as zero-knowledge proofs and general secure two-party computation?\nWe obtain a nearly tight answer to the first question by presenting a perfectly secure protocol which allows n players to evaluate an arithmetic circuit of size s by performing a total of O(s log s log2 n) arithmetic operations, plus an additive term which depends (polynomially) on n and the circuit depth, but only logarithmically on s. Thus, for typical large-scale computations whose circuit width is much bigger than their depth and the number of players, the amortized overhead is just polylogarithmic in n and s. The protocol provides perfect security with guaranteed output delivery in the presence of an active, adaptive adversary corrupting a (1/3 ¿ ") fraction of the players, for an arbitrary constant ¿ &gt; 0 and succiently large n. The best previous protocols in this setting could only offer computational security with a computational overhead of poly(k; log n; log s), where k is a computational security parameter, or perfect security with a computational overhead of O(n log n). We then apply the above result towards making progress on the second question. Concretely, under standard cryptographic assumptions, we obtain zero-knowledge proofs for circuit satisfiability with 2 -k soundness error in which the amortized computational overhead per gate is only polylogarithmic in k, improving over the ¿(k) overhead of the best previous protocols. Under stronger cryptographic assumptions, we obtain similar results for general secure two-party computation.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Complications Associated With Acellular Dermal Matrix-Assisted Breast Reconstruction (2012)

In the studies evaluated, ADM-assisted breast reconstructions exhibited a higher likelihood of seroma, infection, and reconstructive failure than prosthetic-based breast reconstructions using traditional musculofascial flaps. ADM is associated with a lower rate of capsular contracture. A careful risk/benefit analysis should be performed when choosing to use ADM in implant-based breast reconstruction.
Efficient light extraction and beam shaping from flexible, optically integrated organic light-emitting diodes (2006)

Efficient out-coupling light extraction and optical beam shaping have been combined to form an integrated, flexible illuminator that is based on organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Spherical refractive microlenses were replicated by a cost-effective UV-casting technique onto a plastic foil to achieve the customized Gaussian distribution of the electroluminescence of an OLED pixel (50μm) matrix. The fabricated optical device, namely a ceiling light illuminator, shows an improvement of 70% in the out-coupled emission measured in the far field. The result corresponds to the theoretical prediction for isotropic emitting sources.
Dense, Auto-Calibrating Visual Odometry from a Downward-Looking Camera (2013)

We present a technique whereby a single camera can be used as a high precision visual odometry sensor in a range of practical settings using simple, computationally efficient techniques. Taking advantage of the local planarity of common floor surfaces, we use real-time dense alignment of a 30Hz video stream as the camera looks down from a fast-moving robot, making use of the whole texture available rather than sparse feature points. Our key novelty, and crucial to the practicality of this approach, is rapid and automatic calibration for 6DoF camera extrinsics relative to the robot frame. Our experiments show robust performance over a range of low-textured real surfaces.
Clinical and molecular implications of mosaicism in FMR1 full mutations (2014)

Expansions of more than 200 CGG repeats (full mutation) in the FMR1 gene give rise to fragile X syndrome (FXS) through a process that generally involves hypermethylation of the FMR1 promoter region and gene silencing, resulting in absence of expression of the encoded protein, FMRP. However, mosaicism with alleles differing in size and extent of methylation often exist within or between tissues of individuals with FXS. In the current work, CGG-repeat lengths and methylation status were assessed for eighteen individuals with FXS, including 13 mosaics, for which peripheral blood cells (PBMCs) and primary fibroblast cells were available. Our results show that for both PBMCs and fibroblasts, FMR1 mRNA and FMRP expression are directly correlated with the percent of methylation of the FMR1 allele. In addition, Full Scale IQ scores were inversely correlated with the percent methylation and positively correlated with higher FMRP expression. These latter results point toward a positive impact on cognition for full mutation mosaics with lower methylation compared to individuals with fully methylated, full mutation alleles. However, we did not observe a significant reduction in the number of seizures, nor in the severity of hyperactivity or autism spectrum disorder, among individuals with mosaic genotypes in the presentation of FXS. These observations suggest that low, but non-zero expression of FMRP may be sufficient to positively impact cognitive function in individuals with FXS, with methylation mosaicism (lowered methylation fraction) contributing to a more positive clinical outcome.
Graph-Spectral Methods for Surface Height Recovery from Gauss Maps (2006)

In this chapter, we describe the use of graph-spectral methods for purposes of surface height recovery. Here, our input is a 2D field of surface normal estimates, delivered, for instance, by shape-from-shading, shape-from-texture or photometric stereo. We commence by showing how to use the surface normals to obtain a graph whose edge- weight matrix is related to the surface curvature. With this weight matrix at hand, we proceed to recover a path across the field of surface normals whose curvature is minimum. To do this, we present two alternatives. The first of these concerns a combinatorial optimisation over the nodes in the graph. The second one, consists in recovering the random walk making use of a probability matrix, equivalent, by row-normalisation, to the matrix of edge-weights. For both methods, the solution is equivalent, up to scaling, to the leading eigenvector of the edge-weight matrix. Once the minimum curvature path has been recovered, surface integration can be performed by threading the surface normals together along the path. We perform experiments on synthetic and real-wold imagery whose fields of surface normals are delivered by a shape-from-shading algorithm.
Random DFA's can be approximately learned from sparse uniform examples (1992)

Approximate inference of finite state machines from sparse labeled examples has been proved NP-hard when an adversary chooses the target machine and the training set [Ang78, KV89, PW89]. We have, however, empirically found that DFA's are approximately learnable from sparse data when the target machine and training set are selected at random.
The Implementation and Evaluation of a Parallel Algorithm on C.MMP. (1978)

Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to get a detailed look at the performance of an implementation of a parallel program on C.mmp. The rootfinding algorithm was chosen because it meets two constraints: it is a parallel algorithm with significant interprocess communication; and it is of relatively low complexity, enabling us to focus on implementation issues rather than subtleties in the algorithm itself. Variations in processor speeds and asynchronously executing operating system functions are shown to have a detrimental effect on the rootfinder's performance. However, the most important implementation decision affecting the performance of the rootfinding program is the type of synchronization semaphore used. We define the threshold for practical application of a semaphore to be when 50% of the execution time is attributed to semaphore related overheads. Using the 50% criteria, we measured thresholds for inter-synchronization times from two milliseconds for the most primitive locks, to 200 milliseconds for the most sophisticated and flexible semaphore. During the course of these measurements, Hydra underwent several revisions and the 200 millisecond threshold was reduced to 33 milliseconds. The principal concept responsible for this performance improvement is discussed in the paper.
Intellectual Impairment in School-Age Children Exposed to Manganese from Drinking Water (2010)

The findings of this cross-sectional study suggest that exposure to manganese at levels common in groundwater is associated with intellectual impairment in children.
Laser-based technologies for photonic device integration (2001)

As demand is growing for devices capable of performing new and increased numbers of operations within an ever shrinking physical volume the laser has become an increasingly important tool helping to overcome the limitations of conventional microfabrication technologies. In addition to “classical” applications of lasers such as via hole drilling, trimming or pulsed laser deposition of thin films, there have been new developments of laser-based technologies for the fabrication of advanced microand nano-devices. Of particular interest for photonic applications is the potential of the laser for the fabrication of integrated and monolithically integrated photonic devices and circuits.
Studies on the influence of various organic substances upon the phenol coefficient (1938)

Studies on the phenol coefficient after the cover-slip method were made on some disinfectants with the addition of different amounts of various organic materials. The results show that the phenol coefficient varies with the nature and amount of the different organic substances added to the disinfectant in question.
The Most Human Human (2014)

The reviews of Naked Statistics: Stripping the Dread from the Data, The Cartoon Introduction to Statistics, and The Most Human Human: What Artificial Intelligence Teaches Us About Being Alive are b...
The Nutritional Value of Dehydrated, Blue-Green Algae (Spirulina plantensis) for Poultry (1990)

Three experiments were conducted to evaluate the nutritional value of the blue-green algae, Spirulina platensis, grown on a synthetic media. In Experiment 1, day-old, White Leghorn cockerel chicks (120) were fed isonitrogenous diets containing 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% of dried spirulina. At 3 wk of age, the growth of the chicks fed 10 and 20% of spirulina was depressed (P less than .05), although feed efficiency was not affected. In Experiment 2, 250 1-day-old, Hubbard by Hubbard, male broiler chicks were fed experimental diets containing 0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, or 12.0% of spirulina for 41 days. Although the growth of the chicks fed the spirulina diets was not different from that of the chicks receiving the control diet, the birds receiving the 12% spirulina diet grew slower (P less than .05) than the chicks fed all of the other spirulina diets. In Experiment 3, 600 1-wk-old, Japanese qual were used to study the effects of 0, 1.5, 3.0, 6.0, and 12.0% of spirulina on growth, egg production, egg quality, fertility, hatchability, and the growth of the F1 generation of dams fed Spirulina. There were no significant differences due to the spirulina content in any of the parameters studied-except for yolk color, which increased with each succeeding level of spirulina, and for fertility, which was higher for all spirulina treatments versus the control.
Human-robot proxemics (2011)

To seamlessly integrate into the human physical and social environment, robots must display appropriate proxemic behavior - that is, follow societal norms in establishing their physical and psychological distancing with people. Social-scientific theories suggest competing models of human proxemic behavior, but all conclude that individuals' proxemic behavior is shaped by the proxemic behavior of others and the individual's psychological closeness to them. The present study explores whether these models can also explain how people physically and psychologically distance themselves from robots and suggest guidelines for future design of proxemic behaviors for robots. In a controlled laboratory experiment, participants interacted with Wakamaru to perform two tasks that examined physical and psychological distancing of the participants. We manipulated the likeability (likeable/dislikeable) and gaze behavior (mutual gaze/averted gaze) of the robot. Our results on physical distancing showed that participants who disliked the robot compensated for the increase in the robot's gaze by maintaining a greater physical distance from the robot, while participants who liked the robot did not differ in their distancing from the robot across gaze conditions. The results on psychological distancing suggest that those who disliked the robot also disclosed less to the robot. Our results offer guidelines for the design of appropriate proxemic behaviors for robots so as to facilitate effective human-robot interaction.
Isolation of fetal cells from transcervical samples by micromanipulation: Molecular confirmation of their fetal origin and diagnosis of fetal aneuploidy (1995)

Transcervical cell (TCC) samples have been shown to contain fetal cells amenable to molecular analysis. However, the presence of 'contaminating' maternal cells limits their use for prenatal diagnoses. In this report we show that clumps of fetal cells can be isolated from transcervical samples by micromanipulation and tested by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Out of 129 clumps, isolated from mucus aspirates and transcervical lavages from 29 patients, 29 clumps from 11 patients were found to be exclusively of fetal origin as judged by the detection of chromosome 21-specific polymorphic DNA markers and Y-derived DNA sequences by PCR and FISH. One case of a male triploid fetus, diagnosed by the analysis of TCC samples obtained by mucus aspiration and lavage, was confirmed by testing clumps of cells isolated by micromanipulation.
CO<sub>2</sub>: a wild solvent, tamed (2010)

This article reviews approaches for modification of solvent properties of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO(2)), with particular reference to self-assembly of oligomeric and polymeric solute additives. Of special interest are viscosity modifiers for scCO(2) based on molecular self-assembly. Background on polymers and surfactants with CO(2)-compatible functionalities is covered, leading on to the attempts made so far to increase the scCO(2) viscosity, which are described in detail. The significance of this field, and the implications a breakthrough could bring environmentally and economically will be addressed.
[Genetic diversity of Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato in Ixodes ricinus ticks collected in north-west Poland]. (2000)

Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato (s. l.), the etiological agent of Lyme diesease, is transmitted by the bite of Ixodes ricinus. During May and September 1999, field surveys on Lyme disease spirochetes were conducted in three locations of a region of north-west Poland, known as recreational districts visited by many people. The ticks Ixodes ricinus were collected in natural habitats by dragging a flanel cloth over the vegetation. Sex and developmental stage of each tick were determined. Based on a polymerase chain reaction test with primers that recognize a chromosomal gene of all strains, out of the total 1414 specimens collected, 126 (8.9%) were found to be infected. The species B. burgdorferi s. l. comprises at least three pathogenic genomospecies, B. burgdorferi sensu stricto (s. s.), Borrelia garinii, and Borerelia afzelii, witch could be distinguished in nested-PCR tests with species-specific primers. B. burgdorferi s. s. was most prevalent (96% of infected ticks), followed by B. garinii (1.3%), and B. afzelii. was not found. Of the infected ticks, over the 99% were infected with a single species, one specimens was infected with two species. For 4 ticks, the infecting species could not be identied. The difference in rates of prevalence was observed among the tree locations (17%--5.3%--3.2%).
Regulation of Dendritic Spine Morphology by the Rho Family of Small GTPases: Antagonistic Roles of Rac and Rho (2000)

Dendritic spines mediate most excitatory transmission in the mammalian CNS and have been traditionally considered stable structures. Following the suggestion that spines may 'twitch', it has been recently shown that spines are capable of rapid morphological rearrangements. Because of the role of the small GTPases from the Rho family in controlling neuronal morphogenesis, we investigated the effects of several members of this biochemical signaling pathway in the maintenance of the morphology of extant dendritic spines by combining biolistic transfection of pyramidal neurons in cultured cortical and hippocampal slices with two-photon microscopy. We find a variety of effects on the density and morphology of dendritic spines by expressing either constitutively active or dominant negative forms of several small GTPases of the Rho family, by blocking the entire pathway with Clostridium difficile toxin B or by blocking Rho with C3 transferase. We propose a model where Rac promotes spine formation, while Rho prevents it. We conclude that the small GTPases provide antagonistic control mechanisms of spine maintenance in pyramidal neurons.