gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of Kaolinite on Amino Acid Transport and Incorporation into Protein by Rabbit Pulmonary Alveolar Macrophages (1980)

A study was made of the effects of kaolinite, an aluminum silicate found in cigarette smoke and in alveolar macrophages of cigarette smokers, on the in vitro function of rabbit alveolar macrophages. Macrophages lavaged by standard procedures were incubated as adherent monolayers in the presence or absence of kaolinite, and amino acid incorporation into protein and transport subsequently measured. In the presence of dialyzed serum, kaolinite slightly inhibited incorporation into protein during the first 2 to 3 hr of incubation, after which incorporation ceased and a large percentage of newly synthesized protein was released (50% effect at approximately 0.5 mg/ml kaolinite). A dual-isotope experiment indicated that any change in the synthesis of protein which may have occurred was not selective for any protein or group of proteins. Kaolinite also stimulated noncompetitive amino acid accumulation after 2 to 3 hr in the presence of serum. The effects of kaolinite were immediate when incubations were conducted in the absence of serum. Control experiments showed all of the effects of the aluminum silicate to be on the cells and not on the incubation medium. These results suggest that kaolinite is cytotoxic and exerts its effects by a mechanism similar to that proposed for magnesium silicates and silica, in which the naked silicate is immediately cytotoxic, but if coated with serum protein must first be uncoated by lysozomal enzymes before destroying the cells.
Structure and absolute configuration of Macrophoma fruit rot toxin A. (1983)

The isolation of the host-selective fruit rot
Bacterial Transfer Associated with Blowing Out Candles on a Birthday Cake (2017)

This study examined the potential spread of bacteria when blowing out candles on a birthday cake. Preliminary tests of blowing on nutrient agar indicated that bioaerosols in human breath expelled from the mouth may be a source of bacteria transferred to cake surfaces. To test aerosol transfer to cake, icing was spread evenly over foil then birthday candles were placed through the foil into a Styrofoam™ base. After consuming pizza, test subjects were asked to extinguish the candles by blowing. Icing samples were sterilely recovered then surface plated, to determine the level of bacterial contamination. Blowing out the candles over the icing surface resulted in 1400% more bacteria compared to icing not blown on. Due to the transfer of oral bacteria to icing by blowing out birthday candles, the transfer of bacteria and other microorganisms from the respiratory tract of a person blowing out candles to food consumed by others is likely.
Hyperglycemia-Induced Reactive Oxygen Species Increase Expression of the Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products (RAGE) and RAGE Ligands (2009)

These results show that hyperglycemia-induced ROS production increases expression of RAGE and RAGE ligands. This effect is mediated by ROS-induced methylglyoxal, the major substrate of glyoxalase 1.
Polymer gel dosimeter (2012)

With rapid advances being made in radiotherapy treatment, three-dimensional (3D) dose measurement techniques of great precision are required more than ever before. It is expected that 3D polymer gel dosimeters will satisfy clinical needs for an effective detector that can measure the complex 3D dose distributions. Polymer gel dosimeters are devices that utilize the radiation-induced polymerization reactions of vinyl monomers in a gel to store information about radiation dose. The 3D absorbed dose distribution can be deduced from the resulting polymer distribution using several imaging modalities, such as MRI, X-ray and optical CTs. In this article, the fundamental characteristics of polymer gel dosimeter are reviewed and some challenging keys are also suggested for the widely spread in clinical use.
Monodisperse Gas-Filled Microparticles from Reactions in Double Emulsions (2012)

We present a strategy for preparing size-controlled gas-filled microparticles using two aqueous components that chemically react to produce the gas. We use a dual-bore microfluidic device to isolate the reactants of two gas-producing reactions until they are encapsulated in the outer droplet. The reactants in the monodisperse droplets merge and produce the gas bubbles, which are stabilized with a surfactant and form the core of the microparticles. The number and size of the generated gas bubbles are governed by the gas-forming reaction used. Our versatile strategy can be applied to a wide range of gas-producing reactions.
Editor’s Pick: PSMA-Specific Ligands in Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy (2016)

Prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) is the most extensively studied biomarker and antigen of prostate cancer. It is overexpressed in almost all prostate cancers, and the expression level increases with prostate cancer progression. PSMA is also highly expressed in the neovasculature of solid tumours including prostate cancer. As a result, numerous PSMA-specific ligands have been discovered for prostate cancer diagnosis and therapy, and one of them has been approved for clinical use. Moreover, a number of other PSMA-specific ligands are currently evaluated in clinical studies. In this review we discuss four major types of PSMA-specific ligands, including antibody, aptamer, peptide, and small molecule inhibitor. Their emerging applications in prostate cancer diagnosis, targeted drug delivery, and therapy are also discussed.
Activation of phospholipase C by the alpha subunits of the Gq and G11 proteins in transfected Cos-7 cells. (1992)

High efficiency transient transfection was used to introduce cDNA corresponding to various G protein alpha subunits into Cos-7 cells. The proteins that were subsequently synthesized were detected with specific G protein alpha subunit antipeptide antiserum and were localized in the membrane fraction of the cell. Cells that were prelabeled with the [3H]inositol and transfected with G alpha q and G alpha 11 cDNA showed marked increases in formation of [3H]inositol phosphates after stimulation with aluminum fluoride. Co-transfection with cDNAs corresponding to phosphoinositide specific phospholipase C beta 1 (PI-PLC beta 1) and to G alpha q or G alpha 11 resulted in even higher levels of inositol phosphate formation. The introduction of mutations that convert residue glutamine 209 to leucine in G alpha q and G alpha 11 resulted in persistent activation of PI-PLC and high steady state levels of inositol phosphates. On the other hand, transfection with a variety of other G alpha subunit cDNAs, i.e. G alpha Z, G alpha OA, G alpha OB, transducin, and the glutamine 205 to leucine mutants of G alpha Z and of G alpha OA did not increase inositol phosphate formation. To further test the specificity of G protein activation of PI-PLC, a cell-free system was prepared by using washed membranes of transiently transfected cells and purified PI-PLC beta 1. Membranes derived from G alpha q and G alpha 11, but not G alpha OA transfected cells, showed guanosine 5-O-thiotriphosphate (GTP gamma S)-stimulated PIP2 hydrolysis. The activity seen in the system reconstituted with membranes derived from G alpha 11-transfected cells was blocked by preincubation with specific G alpha 11 antipeptide antibodies. All of these results are consistent with the conclusion that G alpha q and G alpha 11 cDNA encode proteins that in the presence of GTP gamma S specifically activate PI-PLC.
Transthoracic Ventricular Defibrillation with Triangular and Trapezoidal Waveforms (1966)

From 7, 200 fibrillation-defibrillation episodes in anesthetized dogs, the effectiveness of 6 classes of unidirectional shocks in reversing ventricular fibrillation of 30-sec duration was determined. The shocks lasted for 1 to 256 msec. Three waveforms (ascending ramp triangular, descending ramp triangular, and trapezoidal) were studied at peak currents of 10 amp and 20 amp. Families of curves of per cent success vs. energy were derived from the data for the 6 classes of waveforms studied and from corresponding curves for 3 classes of unidirectional square-wave shocks previously studied by our group. The families of curves were used as a basis for an analysis of the influence of various parameters on the effectiveness of shocks. We conclude that an appropriate energy content is a necessary, but not sufficient condition for effective ventricular defibrillation, that long, low-amplitude tails on shocks are detrimental and that excessive energy content is detrimental.
RAF Kinases: Pathway, Modulation and Modeling (2008)

The Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK cascade is a central cellular signal transduction pathway involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival where RAF kinases are pivotal kinases implicated in cancer.The development of specific irreversible kinase inhibitors is a rewarding but difficult aim.CI-1033 was developed to irreversibly inhibit erbB receptor tyrosine kinases by reacting to the Cys113 residue (p38 MAP kinase numbering) of the kinase domain.In this study we tried a similar approach to target the RAF oncoproteins which posses a similar cysteine at position 108 in the hinge region between the small n-lobe and the large c-lobe of the kinase domain.A novel synthetic approach including a lyophilization step allowed us the synthesis of a diphenyl urea compound with an epoxide moiety (compound 1).Compound 1 possessed inhibitory activity in vitro.However our time kinetics experiments and mass spectroscopic studies clearly indicate that compound 1 does not react covalently with the cysteine residue in the hinge region.Moreover, in cell culture experiments, a strong activation of the RAF signaling pathway was observed, an effect which is known from several other RAF kinase inhibitors and is here reported for the first time for a diphenyl urea compound, to which the clinically used unspecific kinase inhibitor BAY 43-9006 (Sorafinib R , Nexavar R ) belongs.Although activation was apparently independent on B-and C-RAF hetero-oligomerization in vitro, in vivo experiments support such a mechanism as the activation did not occur in starved knockout cells lacking either B-RAF or C-RAF (Robubi et al., ChemMedChem-submitted).Furthermore, we developed a mathematical model of the Ras/RAF/MEK/-ERK cascade demonstrating how stimuli induce different signal patterns and thereby different cellular responses, depending on cell type and the ratio between B-RAF and C-RAF.Based on biochemical data for activation and dephosphorylation, we set up differential equations for a dynamical model of the Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK cascade.We find a different signaling pattern and response result for B-RAF (strong activation, sustained signal) and C-RAF (steep activation, transient signal).We further support the significance of such VI Abstract differential modulatory signaling by showing different RAF isoform expression in various cell lines and experimental testing of the predicted kinase activities in B-RAF, C-RAF as well as mutated versions (Robubi et al., 2005).Additionally the effect of the tumor suppressor DiRas3 (also known as Noey2 or ARHI) on RAF signaling was studied.I could show that Di-Ras3 down-regulates the mitogenic pathway by inhibition of MEK (Beck, Robubi et al., Mol.Cell-submitted), a basis for a refined model of the Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK cascade (Robubi et al., in preparation). ZusammenfassungDie Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK Kaskade ist ein zentraler zellulrer Signalweg, der bei der Regulierung der Proliferation, Differenzierung und berleben der Zelle eine entscheide Rolle spielt.Dabei kommt den RAF Kinasen eine Schlsselrolle bei der Tumorgenese
Exclusive occurrence of thermogenin antigen in brown adipose tissue (1982)

Thermogenin is the purine-nucleotide binding polypeptide in brown adipose tissue mitochondria (Mr 32 000) which confers upon these mitochondria the ability to produce heat. An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been developed to demonstrate and quantitate the occurrence of thermogenin antigen in small amounts of tissue, and thus to characterize different depots of fat tissue as white or brown. The extreme sensitivity of the method allows determination of thermogenin in samples equivalent to less than 1 mg tissue. The results indicate that thermogenin seems to be exclusively localised in brown fat mitochondria (as compared to white fat, liver or heart muscle mitochondria), and thermogenin antigen could only be found in brown adipocytes (as compared to white adipocytes). Thus, brown and white adipose tissue are probably ontogenetically different.
Silicon Photonics III (2008)

ix Conference Committee xi Introduction SESSION 1 EPIC 6898 02 Photonic crystal slow light devices in silicon (Invited Paper) [6898-55] T. F. Krauss, Univ. of St. Andrews (United Kingdom) 6898 03 Optical modulation techniques for analog signal processing and CMOS compatible electro-optic modulation (Invited Paper) [6898-52] D. M. Gill, M. Rasras, K.-Y Tu, Y.-K. Chen, A. E. White, S. S. Patel, Alcatel-Lucent Bell Labs. (USA); D. Carothers, A. Pomerene, R. Kamocsai, J. Beattie, BAE Systems (USA); A. Kopa, A. Apsel, Cornell Univ. (USA); M. Beals, J. Mitchel, J. Liu, L. C. Kimerling, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA) 6898 04 Process flow innovations for photonic device integration in CMOS (Invited Paper) [6898-03] M. Beals, J. Michel, J. F. Liu, D. H. Ahn, D. Sparacin, R. Sun, C. Y. Hong, L. C. Kimerling, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA); A. Pomerene, D. Carothers, J. Beattie, BAE Systems (USA); A. Kopa, A. Apsel, Cornell Univ. (USA); M. S. Rasras, D. M. Gill, S. S. Patel, K. Y. Tu, Y. K. Chen, A. E. White, Lucent Technologies Bell Labs. (USA) 6898 05 40-Gbps monolithically integrated transceivers in CMOS photonics (Invited Paper) [6898-01] T. Pinguet, B. Analui, G. Masini, V. Sadagopan, S. Gloeckner, Luxtera (USA) 6898 06 Photonic analog-to-digital conversion with electronic-photonic integrated circuits (Invited Paper) [6898-02] F. X. Kartner, R. Amatya, M. Araghchini, J. Birge, H. Byun, J. Chen, M. Dahlem, N. A. DiLello, F. Gan, C. W. Holzwarth, J. L. Hoyt, E. P. Ippen, A. Khilo, J. Kim, M. Kim, A. Motamedi, J. S. Orcutt, M. Park, M. Perrott, M. A. Popovi þ , R. J. Ram, H. I. Smith, G. R. Zhou, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (USA); S. J. Spector, T. M. Lyszczarz, M. W. Geis, D. M. Lennon, J. U. Yoon, M. E. Grein, R. T. Schulein, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Lincoln Lab. (USA) SESSION 2 INTEGRATION 6898 08 Ge photodetectors integrated in CMOS photonic circuits (Invited Paper) [6898-04] G. Masini, S. Sahni, Luxtera (USA); G. Capellini, Univ. Roma Tre (Italy); J. Witzens, J. White, D. Song, C. Gunn, Luxtera (USA) 6898 09 Toward silicon-based longwave integrated optoelectronics (LIO) (Invited Paper) [6898-05] R. Soref, Air Force Research Lab. (USA) 6898 0A Efficient silicon-photonic modulator with recessed electrodes [6898-06] D. W. Zheng, B. T. Smith, M. Asghari, Kotura, Inc. (USA)
Lactoferrin decreases monocyte-induced fibroblast production of myeloid colony-stimulating activity by suppressing monocyte release of interleukin-1 (1989)

Lactoferrin (Lf) is a negative regulator of myelopoiesis which operates by suppressing the release from mononuclear phagocytes of GM colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or monokines which can then induce the release of GM-CSA from accessory cells. In this study, endotoxin- depleted, purified iron-saturated human Lf was assessed for its effect on the production of interleukin-1 by cultured monocytes and their subsequent effect on colony-stimulating factor release from cultured fibroblasts. Monocytes were grown with or without Lf and Lf that had previously been incubated with monoclonal anti-Lf. The monocyte- conditioned medium was then either assayed for the presence of interleukin-1 (IL-1) with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay or for its ability to stimulate fibroblasts to release growth factors for CFU- GM, BFU-E, or CFU-Mix colonies. In the presence of Lf (10(-7) or 10(-8) mol/L), GM colony-stimulating activity (GM-CSA) was suppressed by 31% to 73%, whereas stimulating activities for BFU-E and CFU-mix colony formation were suppressed by 93% to 100%. Antibody to Lf completely abrogated the suppressive effects observed with Lf, whereas antibody to IL-1 ablated the induction by monocyte-conditioned medium of CSA release by fibroblasts. Lf at 10(-7) and 10(-8) mol/L also reduced IL-1 synthesis by cultured monocytes from 60% to 77%. The inhibitory effects of Lf were only observed when Lf was added before adherence of the monocytes for culture. If Lf was added at the time of adherence or after adherence, no suppression was observed. We conclude that the inhibition of GM-CSA production/release by Lf is mediated through inhibition of the synthesis/release of IL-1 by mononuclear phagocytes. This inhibition of IL-1 prevents accessory cells from producing and/or releasing GM-CSA.
One-dimensional writing model of n-channel floating gate ionization-injection MOS (FIMOS) (1981)

A physical writing model for an n-channel floating gate ionization-injection MOS (FIMOS) is described. Strength of accelerating field for the injection is calculated, taking the two-dimensional components near the drain junction into account. A new expression for the channel hot electron injection efficiency is also derived, using Baraff's analytic electron distribution function. The gate current, which shows a complicated dependence on the floating gate and drain voltages, has been reasonably formulated by the model. Integrating the gate current, time behavior of the threshold shift is predicted. The result is in reasonable agreement with experimental results.
Computers, Pattern, Chaos and Beauty (1990)

To determine the pathogenesis of BHA-induced forestomach lesions, the nature and time course of the early lesions in the forestomach of Wistar rats were studied. The rats were given BHA at a dose level of 2% in a powdered diet or by oral intubation of 1 g BHA/kg body weight/day in arachis oil. The hyperplastic changes in the mucosa were visible 1 day after the second application. The localization was dependent on the mode of application. Dietary exposure yielded changes in the area of the limiting ridge; oral intubation of BHA produced lesions in the apex of the forestomach. In a subchronic 90-day feeding study in rats, no recognizable effect was observed when 0.125% BHA was incorporated into the diet as a solution in arachis oil. In reversibility studies, severe forestomach lesions observed after feeding 2% BHA for 6, 12 or 15 months regressed almost completely following withdrawal of the BHA for a period of 7 months. BHA induced similar forestomach damage in NMRI mice and Syrian golden hamsters, whereas guinea-pigs, a species having no forestomach, did not show comparable lesions. Substances with similar chemical structure were tested in short-term feeding studies (tert-butylhydroquinone, 4-methoxyphenol, 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, hydroquinone, 3-methoxyphenol, 2-methoxyphenol, anisole, p-cresol, phenol and BHT). Only 4-methoxyphenol strongly affected the forestomach mucosa in a manner similar to that associated with BHA. The methoxy group in the para position seems to be important for the hyperplasiogenic activity.
Electronic structure of NiO and related 3d-transition-metal compounds (1994)

Abstract The electronic structure of the transition-metal compounds is discussed with nickel oxide (NiO) serving as the prime example. Other systems are also discussed, especially the high-temperature superconductors. The main finding of the review from the inspection of many data is that the electronic structure of these compounds is severely influenced by correlation of the Mott-Hubbard-type. Also in the metallic (itinerant) state these systems show aspects of correlations (satellites), which can only be explained in a one-ion model. It is this simultaneous occurrence of one-ion and one-electron features which makes the investigation of this class of materials fascinating but also frustrating, because at this point there is no unified theoretical approach available that would allow one to describe the electronic properties of these systems coherently.
Blockade of CD47 increases survival of mice exposed to lethal total body irradiation (2013)

Accidental or therapeutic total body exposure to ionizing radiation has profound pathophysiological consequences including acute radiation syndrome. Currently only investigational drugs are available in case of radiological or nuclear accidents or terrorism. Lack of selective radioprotectants for normal tissues also limits the therapeutic doses that can be delivered to treat cancers. CD47 is a receptor for the secreted protein thrombospondin-1. Blockade of thrombospondin-1 or CD47 provides local radioprotection of soft tissues and bone marrow. We now report that suppression of CD47 using an antisense morpholino increases survival of mice exposed to lethal total body irradiation. Increased survival is associated with increased peripheral circulating blood cell counts and increased proliferative capacity of bone marrow derived cells. Moreover, CD47 blockade decreased cell death while inducing a protective autophagy response in radiosensitive gastrointestinal tissues. Thus, CD47 is a new target for radiomitigation that prevents both hematopoietic and gastrointestinal radiation syndromes.
Multiple Imputation of Quantitative Data (2012)

This chapter contains sections titled: Regression imputation with a monotone missingness pattern Joint modelling Full conditional specification Full conditional specification versus joint modelling Software for multivariate normal imputation Discussion
Autoantibodies to oxidized low density lipoprotein: the relationship to low density lipoprotein fatty acid composition in diabetes (1997)

Autoantibodies to oxidized low density lipoprotein have been shown to be an independent predictor of the progression of carotid atherosclerosis. This study examines the relationship between low density lipoprotein fatty acid composition and autoantibodies to both malondialdehyde-modified and copper-oxidized low density lipoprotein in non-diabetic patients with (n = 17), and without (n = 18), definite evidence of previous myocardial infarction. The third group were non-insulin-dependent diabetic patients with no evidence of atherosclerosis (n = 15) and the fourth group were patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes (n = 17) who had definite evidence of previous myocardial infarction. Fatty acids were measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Antibodies to malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoprotein and copper-oxidized low density lipoprotein were determined by an ELISA method. Autoantibodies to copper-oxidized low density lipoprotein were significantly higher in the non-diabetic patients with heart disease when compared to any other group (p < 0.05). Autoantibodies to malondialdehyde-modified low density lipoprotein were significantly higher in the non-diabetic subjects with heart disease and in both diabetic groups compared to non-diabetic subjects without coronary heart disease (p < 0.05). Lineolic acid (%) in low density lipoprotein did not differ between groups but arachidonic acid (%) was significantly lower in both diabetic and non-diabetic patients with coronary heart disease (p < 0.05). The diabetic patients with low antibodies had 39.6 ± 2.2 % polyunsaturated fatty acids in their low density lipoprotein while diabetic patients with high antibodies had 46.7 ± 1.2 % polyunsaturates in their low density lipoprotein (p < 0.01). This study confirms the association between antibodies to oxidized low density lipoprotein and coronary heart disease and shows raised low density lipoprotein antibody levels in diabetic patients with and without demonstrable atherosclerosis. In the diabetic patients, those with high antibody levels had high polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in their LDL suggesting a possible role for dietary intervention. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.