gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Marburg Virus VP40 Antagonizes Interferon Signaling in a Species-Specific Manner (2011)

Marburgviruses are zoonotic pathogens that cause lethal hemorrhagic fever in humans and nonhuman primates. However, they do not cause lethal disease in immunocompetent mice unless they are adapted to this species. The adaptation process can therefore provide insight into the specific virus-host interactions that determine virulence. In primate cells, the Lake Victoria marburgvirus Musoke strain (MARV) VP40 matrix protein antagonizes alpha/beta interferon (IFN-α/β) and IFN-γ signaling by inhibiting the activation of the cellular tyrosine kinase Jak1. Here, VP40 from the Ravn strain (RAVV VP40)-from a distinct Marburg virus clade-is demonstrated to also inhibit IFN signaling in human cells. However, neither MARV nor RAVV VP40 effectively inhibited IFN-signaling in mouse cells, as assessed by assays of the antiviral effects of IFN-α/β and the IFN-α/β-induced phosphorylation of Jak1, STAT1, and STAT2. In contrast, the VP40 from a mouse-adapted RAVV (maRAVV) did inhibit IFN signaling. Effective Jak1 inhibition correlated with the species from which the cells were derived and did not depend upon whether Jak1 was of human or mouse origin. Of the seven amino acid changes that accumulated in VP40 during mouse adaptation, two (V57A and T165A) are sufficient to allow efficient IFN signaling antagonism by RAVV VP40 in mouse cells. The same two changes also confer efficient IFN antagonist function upon MARV VP40 in mouse cells. The mouse-adaptive changes did not affect the budding of RAVV VP40 in mouse cells, suggesting that this second major function of VP40 did not undergo adaptation. These data identify an apparent determinant of RAVV host range and virulence and define specific genetic determinants of this function.
An Overview and Future Perspectives of Aluminum Batteries (2016)

A critical overview of the latest developments in the aluminum battery technologies is reported. The substitution of lithium with alternative metal anodes characterized by lower cost and higher abundance is nowadays one of the most widely explored paths to reduce the cost of electrochemical storage systems and enable long-term sustainability. Aluminum based secondary batteries could be a viable alternative to the present Li-ion technology because of their high volumetric capacity (8040 mAh cm(-3) for Al vs 2046 mAh cm(-3) for Li). Additionally, the low cost aluminum makes these batteries appealing for large-scale electrical energy storage. Here, we describe the evolution of the various aluminum systems, starting from those based on aqueous electrolytes to, in more details, those based on non-aqueous electrolytes. Particular attention has been dedicated to the latest development of electrolytic media characterized by low reactivity towards other cell components. The attention is then focused on electrode materials enabling the reversible aluminum intercalation-deintercalation process. Finally, we touch on the topic of high-capacity aluminum-sulfur batteries, attempting to forecast their chances to reach the status of practical energy storage systems.
Macrophage infiltration and growth of sarcoma clones expressing different amounts of monocyte chemotactic protein/JE (1991)

Tumor-derived chemotactic factors (TDCF) have been identified and thought to play a role in the regulation of macrophage infiltration in neoplastic tissues. The present study was designed to assess the in vivo relevance of the TDCF molecularly identified as monocyte chemotactic protein/JE, by investigating murine sarcoma clones expressing different levels of MCP/JE. The 1D3 clone derived from the B77 RSV-induced sarcoma expressed appreciable levels of MCP/JE mRNA and, concomitantly, chemotactic activity for mononuclear phagocytes. In contrast, the 5B11 clone from the same tumor had undetectable levels of MCP/JE transcripts and little or no chemotactic activity. The chemotactic activity of 1D3 cells was blocked by an appropriate specific antiserum. The in vitro growth rate of the 2 sarcoma lines was identical. Upon in vivo transplantation, the 1D3 clone showed a substantially higher level of tumor-associated macrophages (28.9%; range 21%-34%) than the 5B11 clone (16.6%; range 13%-20%). 5B11-induced tumors appeared earlier and grew faster than those induced by 1D3. The difference in growth rate and in macrophage infiltration between 1D3 and 5B11 clones was also evident upon transplantation into nude mice. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that TDCF, identified as MCP/JE, is one important determinant of macrophage infiltration in tumors.
Techniques for high data rate modulation and low power operation of fractional-N frequency synthesizers (1997)

Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science A digital compensation method is described that allows fractional-N frequency synthesizers to be directly modulated at high data rates while simultaneously achieving good noise performance. The technique allows digital phase/frequency modulation to be achieved at high data rates (&gt; 1 Mbit/s) without mixers or D/A converters in the modulation path. The resulting transmitter design is primarily digital in nature and reduced to its fundamental components — a frequency synthesizer that accurately sets the output frequency, and a digital transmit filter that provides good spectral efficiency. The synthesizer is implemented as a phase locked loop (PLL). To achieve good noise performance with a simple design, the PLL bandwidth is set to a low value relative to the data bandwidth. A digital compensation filter is then used to undo the attenuation of the PLL transfer function seen by the data. This filter adds little complexity to the transmitter architecture since it can be combined with the digital
A Study of Learning Utilizing Visual-Visual and Visual-Auditory Stimuli (1964)

In a fast moving world, reading ability becomes increasingly more important. Despite television, radio, and movies, reading is still the most important method of broadening our horizons (5, p. 125). To scan the world events and study the particulars requires good reading skills. Again and again the question is asked if the best possible method of reading instruction is being utilized with our boys and girls (1, p. 79 and 4, pp. 169-170). For that matter, we might ask if we adults are making the most of our ability to identify, interpret, and evaluate facts, so that we can intelligently keep pace with our world. We ask these questions, and educators who specialize in the area of reading try to find "the best way" for us to derive meaning from symbols in the process called reading.
SMOKE EMISSION FROM BURNING CABIN MATERIALS AND THE EFFECT ON VISIBILITY IN WIDE-BODIED JET TRANSPORTS (1974)

A study was made of the smoke emission of cabin materials in ten major categories of aircraft interior construction under various burning conditions. Two materials in each category tested represented high to low smoke emission values. A wide-bodied cabin mockup, 2774 cubic feet in volume was used to establish correlation with the 18 cubic foot NBS-type smoke chamber. Additionally, selected materials were tested in the wide-bodied mockup to relate human visual acuity to optical density with and without ventilation flow through the mockup. (Modified author abstract)
Treatment of Progressive Multifocal Leukoencephalopathy Associated with Natalizumab (2009)

We describe the clinical and therapeutic course of a 52-year-old patient with multiple sclerosis in whom progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML) developed after 12 months of therapy with natalizumab. The patient was hospitalized 2 months after the onset of neurologic and psychiatric symptoms and was treated with plasma exchange and immunoadsorption to eliminate natalizumab. After a brief improvement, he became critically ill with an apparent episode of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome. Steroid-pulse therapy led to stabilization of the patient's condition and clinically significant recovery. This case illustrates that prompt diagnosis and treatment may improve the outcome in patients with severe PML associated with natalizumab therapy.
Transforming Growth Factor-β Signaling in Stem Cells and Cancer (2005)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and TGF-beta-related proteins, such as the bone morphogenetic proteins, have emerged as key regulators of stem cell renewal and differentiation. These proteins have disparate roles in regulating the biology of embryonic stem cells and tumor suppression, and they help define the selection of cell fate and the progression of differentiation along a lineage. Here we illustrate their roles in embryonic stem cells and in the differentiation of neural, hematopoietic, mesenchymal, and gastrointestinal epithelial stem cells.
Superior Prevention of Acute Rejection by Tacrolimus vs. Cyclosporine in Heart Transplant Recipients—A Large European Trial (2006)

We compared efficacy and safety of tacrolimus (Tac)-based vs. cyclosporine (CyA) microemulsion-based immunosuppression in combination with azathioprine (Aza) and corticosteroids in heart transplant recipients. During antibody induction, patients were randomized (1:1) to oral treatment with Tac or CyA. Episodes of acute rejection were assessed by protocol biopsies, which underwent local and blinded central evaluation. The full analysis set comprised 157 patients per group. Patient/graft survival was 92.9% for Tac and 89.8% for CyA at 18 months. The primary end point, incidence of first biopsy proven acute rejection (BPAR) of grade >/= 1B at month 6, was 54.0% for Tac vs. 66.4% for CyA (p = 0.029) according to central assessment. Also, incidence of first BPAR of grade >/= 3A at month 6 was significantly lower for Tac vs. CyA; 28.0% vs. 42.0%, respectively (p = 0.013). Significant differences (p < 0.05) emerged between groups for these clinically relevant adverse events: new-onset diabetes mellitus (20.3% vs. 10.5%); post-transplant arterial hypertension (65.6% vs. 77.7%); and dyslipidemia (28.7% vs. 40.1%) for Tac vs. CyA, respectively. Incidence and pattern of infections over 18 months were comparable between groups, as was renal function. Primary use of Tac during antibody induction resulted in superior prevention of acute rejection without an associated increase in infections.
Controlling the enzymatic activity of a restriction enzyme by light (2009)

For many applications it would be desirable to be able to control the activity of proteins by using an external signal. In the present study, we have explored the possibility of modulating the activity of a restriction enzyme with light. By cross-linking two suitably located cysteine residues with a bifunctional azobenzene derivative, which can adopt a cis- or trans-configuration when illuminated by UV or blue light, respectively, enzymatic activity can be controlled in a reversible manner. To determine which residues when cross-linked show the largest "photoswitch effect," i.e., difference in activity when illuminated with UV vs. blue light, > 30 variants of a single-chain version of the restriction endonuclease PvuII were produced, modified with azobenzene, and tested for DNA cleavage activity. In general, introducing single cross-links in the enzyme leads to only small effects, whereas with multiple cross-links and additional mutations larger effects are observed. Some of the modified variants, which carry the cross-links close to the catalytic center, can be modulated in their DNA cleavage activity by a factor of up to 16 by illumination with UV (azobenzene in cis) and blue light (azobenzene in trans), respectively. The change in activity is achieved in seconds, is fully reversible, and, in the case analyzed, is due to a change in V(max) rather than K(m).
A distributed switch architecture with dynamic load-balancing and parallel input-queued crossbars for terabit switch fabrics (2003)

Distributed switch architectures allow the partition of a switch fabric into smaller independent switches, which is a key advantage for building high capacity switching systems, such as terabit switches. The performance and the feasibility of a distributed switch architecture depend on two critical components: the design of the queueing structure and the load balancing algorithm. In this paper, we present a distributed switch architecture with a simple yet efficient queueing structure and load-balancing algorithm that can be easily implemented in a terabit switch fabric with OC-768 line rate. The queueing structure is based on distributed non-buffered input-queued crossbar switch elements with request-only virtual output queues. The distributed load-balancing algorithm dynamically balances workloads among the parallel switch elements by trying to equalize the length of request-only virtual output queues in each of the switch elements. We refer to our architecture as a distributed switch architecture (ADSA), which introduces little communication overhead and no throughput degradation. As a result, it enables non-blocking switching without the need for internal speed-up. The load-balancing algorithm can perform one load-balancing action in less than 10 ns, which is suitable for OC-768 line rates of 40 Gbps. We study the performance of the ADSA architecture by modeling it as discrete-time queues with uniform i.i.d. Bernoulli traffic. We use a combination of analytical and simulation approaches to show that the ADSA can be approximated as discrete-time Geom/G/P queues under both light and heavy loads. Then the Allen-Cunneen approximation formula is applied to derive the mean cell delay of the ADSA architecture as a function of the underlying crossbar scheduling algorithm, the number of parallel switch elements and the number of ports in the system.
Morbidity and Mortality Rates for Peripheral Vascular Surgery (1985)

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3,6-Epoxycyclohexene from Furan and Ethylene<sup>1</sup> (1944)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT3,6-Epoxycyclohexene from Furan and Ethylene1Walter Nudenberg and Lewis W. ButzCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1944, 66, 2, 307–308Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1944Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1944https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01230a508https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01230a508research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views222Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Bitcoin and Money Laundering: Mining for an Effective Solution (2014)

Technology forges ahead at a rapid pace, whether we like it or not. Criminals recognize this inevitability and use technological improvements to advance their craft, committing crimes from half a world away in real time. Meticulous criminals also use technological advancements to distance themselves from their illegal activities and profits through use of virtual banking and electronic money transfer systems, which allow criminals to buy, sell, and exchange goods without any physical interaction. Though such services use digital logs that serve to identify a sender and a receiver’s digital identities, criminals possess the means to obfuscate their digital identity by simply spoofing their Internet Protocol address or by using another individual’s account, essentially making their activities untraceable. New virtual currencies, such as Bitcoin, add yet another layer of anonymity by allowing users to transfer value without the collection of any personally identifiable information. Regulations often fail to affect such virtual currencies due to lack of foresight by the regulation writers, creating a legal gray area. Thus, criminals can continue to capitalize on technological innovation to bolster their illegal activities. Money laundering is one particular criminal craft that stands to benefit from technological advancement. This Note analyzes the effects of Bitcoin and analogous virtual currencies on anti–money laundering (AML) enforcement. Part I gives a brief primer on money laundering and virtual currencies. Part II offers a Bitcoin primer, which differentiates Bitcoin technology from traditional currencies and competing virtual currencies. Part III analyzes whether Bitcoin is legal to use or trade in the United States, using domestic and international adoption of Bitcoin for guidance. Part IV discusses whether current U.S. AML regulatory schemes encompass the entirety of Bitcoin use, finding that it does not. Finally, Part V offers suggestions for a regulatory scheme encompassing Bitcoin and analogous virtual currency technologies. Ultimately, this Note recommends regulating Bitcoin currency exchanges under existing AML regulation schemes instead of broadening statutory definitions to control all aspects of Bitcoin or analogous virtual currencies.
Effect of dietary fat on the development of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus in obese Zucker diabetic fatty male and female rats (2000)

The obese Zucker diabetic fatty male rat (ZDF/Gmi¿trade mark omitted¿-fa) has become a widely used animal model of NIDDM, in contrast to the obese ZDF females that rarely develop NIDDM. However, preliminary observations suggest that obese ZDF females may become diabetic on high-fat diets. Therefore, we studied the effect of dietary fat on development of NIDDM, dyslipidemia, and alterations in organ-specific serum panels in obese ZDF males and females. Results indicated different effects of dietary fat-content on development of diabetes in males and females. Males, even on low fat-content diets, developed diabetes but the process was accelerated as a function of dietary fat-content, whereas only the highest fat-content diet induced development of NIDDM in obese ZDF females. Additionally, triglyceride/apolipoprotein B ratios demonstrated gender-specific differences in the nature of circulating lipoprotein particles independent of diabetic state with values for females approximately twice those of males indicating more highly triglyceride-enriched lipoprotein particles in females. We conclude that the obese ZDF female rat has the potential to become an important animal model of NIDDM especially in women where few models currently exist.
A fast inversion analysis algorithm for the spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW) method (2011)

Spectral Analysis for Surface Wave (SASW) is a widely practiced NDT method due to its ability to identify the shear velocity profile of subsurface layers. However, the SASW method is limited to point-to-point inspection because all data has to go through an inversion process, which is iterative and manual. Some automated iteration techniques were developed to improve the efficiency of inversion analysis. These attempts did not change the situation much because they were still based on the guess-and-check procedure incorporated with a forward analysis. In this paper, a new inversion analysis algorithm is proposed to estimate the shear velocity profile rapidly without performing conventional forward analysis. Unlike conventionally determining the dispersion curve with a stiffness matrix or something similar, the dispersion curve of a layered structure is assumed to be a weighted combination of the shear velocity profile. The weighting factors are determined according to the variation of particle displacement with depth for a specified wavelength of surface wave. Based on this assumption, a fast inversion algorithm is established to estimate the shear velocity profile from a given dispersion curve. No prior knowledge of the test site or personal expertise is needed because this method does not require the initial values of the layer depths and shear velocities. This new method allows the SASW method to be a fully automatic or even real-time reporting method for highway pavement detection. The accuracy of this fast inversion algorithm is verified by comparing the results to those of the conventional algorithm.
Weaving a debugging aspect into domain-specific language grammars (2005)

A common trend in programming language specification is to generate various tools (e.g., compiler, editor, profiler, and debugger) from a grammar. In such a generative approach, it is desirable to have the definition of a programming language be modularized according to specific concerns specified in the grammar. However, it is often the case that the corresponding properties of the generated tools are scattered and tangled across the language specification. In this paper, separation of concerns within a programming language specification is demonstrated by considering debugging support within a domain-specific language (DSL). The paper first describes the use of AspectJ to weave the debugging semantics into the code created by a parser generator. The paper outlines several situations when the use of AspectJ is infeasible at separating language specification properties. To accommodate such situations, a second approach is presented that weaves the debugging support directly into a grammar specification using a program transformation engine. A case study for a simple DSL is presented to highlight the benefits of weaving across language specifications defined by grammars.
Verucopeptin, a new antitumor antibiotic active against B16 melanoma. II. Structure determination. (1993)

The structure of a new antibiotic verucopeptin has been determined by the spectroscopic analyses and chemical degradation studies. It is a 19-membered cyclodepsipeptide which is structurally related to azinothricin and A83586C.
Multi-function graphics for a large computer system (1967)

Although much effort has been spent trying to improve communications across the man-computer boundary, most large computer centers still rely on punched-card-input and line-printer-output for the bulk of their load. Even modern "time-shared" systems rely principally on teletypewriter alphanumeric communication between man and machine.