gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of the glycoprotein and protein composition of Bernard-Soulier platelets by single and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. (1981)

Previous reports have described conflicting results concerning the glycoprotein (GP) and protein composition of Bernard-Soulier platelets. In view of this controversy we have analyzed the platelets of four Bernard-Soulier patients using improved single and two-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedures. An absence of staining for carbohydrate of membrane GP Ib was characteristic for the platelets of each patient. Major periodate-Schiff staining bands corresponding to membrane GP IIb, IIIa, and IIIb were clearly detected and their presence was confirmed by two-dimensional SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The protein content of the Bernard-Soulier platelets was increased two- to fourfold. However, analysis of their protein composition using 7-12% acrylamide gradient gels showed normal polypeptide profiles. Lactoperoxidase-catalyzed 125I-labeling of the Bernard-Soulier platelet surface proteins was followed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. No labeling in the Ib position was detected whereas the other major membrane GP, including Ia and IIa, were normally located. In contrast, GP Ib was clearly detected by periodate-Schiff staining and autoradiography when normal human platelets that had been exhaustively treated with neuraminidase before the lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination were analysed. No abnormalities were detected in the GP patterns of membranes isolated from the patients' erythrocytes. Only a severe molecular abnormality or possible deletion of GP Ib could account for this major platelet lesion in the Bernard-Soulier syndrome.
Long-Term Results in Various Treatments of Hydrocephalus (1967)

HIS is a report of the results of the surgical treatment of 109 patients with progressive hydrocephalus who were treated from 1958 to 1964 at the Royal Alexandra Hospital for Children, Sydney, Australia. We have excluded from our study those patients whose hydrocephalus was associated with myelomeningocele or was secondary to a tumor. Treatment Once careful clinical assessment had established the progressive nature of the condition, a needle ventriculogram was performed to establish the anatomical site of the block and the thickness of the anterior cortex. Our policy is to use an operation designed to by-pass a specific block when possible rather than to use a vcntriculo-atria l shunt as a matter of routine. At the time these patients were under treatment, operation was not performed if the anterior cortical thickness was less than 1 cm; this restriction no longer applies. Vcntriculo-atrial shunts were performed as a primary procedure on patients with hydrocephalus associated with myelomeningocele , since the free flow of cerebrospinal fluid is usually impeded at several points. Operation for Stenosis of Aqueduct. A
Perfluoropolyethers with acid end groups: Amphiphilicity and emulsification (1995)

Abstract Interactions of PFPE‐acids (perfluoropolyethers with carboxylic end groups) with a metal oxide surface and with aqueous systems were examined. The study revealed that (1) PFPE‐acids are preferentially adsorbed on metal oxide (ZrO 2 ) surfaces over PFPE of nonfunctionalized form, (2) PFPE‐acids of shorter chain length are preferentially adsorbed over PFPE‐acids of longer dimension, and (3) the low molecular weight fraction (MW = 1300) of Demnum‐SH is abundant in molecular chains terminated with the acid end group at both ends. The study also revealed that PFPE‐acids, if agitated with aqueous solution of electrolyte, form an extremely stable macroemulsion of the water‐in‐oil type. The emulsion is extremely viscoelastic and may contain 50% by weight (hence, 65% by volume) of water. Water is occluded as droplets of diameter of 1–100 microns. A mechanism exists whereby aqueous protons are transported between droplets with the transfer rate ≥ 50 Hz at room temperature. Relevance of these observations in the lubricant application of PFPEs in magnetic recording media is discussed. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
New Insights into the Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Cold Storage Injury (2004)

Solid organ grafts, but also other biologic materials requiring storage for a few hours to a few days, are usually stored under hypothermic conditions. To decrease graft injury during cold storage, organ preservation solutions were developed many years ago. However, since then, modern biochemical and cell biologic methods have allowed further insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of cold storage injury, including further insights into alterations of the cellular ion homeostasis, the occurrence of a mitochondrial permeability transition, and the occurrence of free-radical-mediated hypothermic injury and cold-induced apoptosis. These new aspects of cold storage injury, which are not covered by preservation solutions in current clinical use and offer the potential for improvement of organ and tissue preservation, are presented here.
Self‐regulation of unwanted consumption (2001)

Abstract The issue of consumption control is viewed from the perspective of self‐regulation in which successful attempts at controlling problem behaviors depend upon achieving motivational readiness. It is proposed that consumption control can be understood as a series of stage‐related processes that follow from theoretical accounts of self‐regulation contained in the transtheoretical model of change , and the model of action phases . In order to observe ongoing consumption‐control processes, a diary study, in which participants described their actions, thoughts, and feelings in attempting a personal consumption‐control project, was conducted. Diary entries were interpreted in light of theoretical stage‐related processes. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
IdeS: A Bacterial Proteolytic Enzyme with Therapeutic Potential (2008)

Novel information is provided concerning the IgG-cleaving activity of IdeS in vitro and in vivo. The highly specific and rapid elimination of IgG in vivo, the dramatic effect in a mouse model of ITP, and the lack of side effects in the treated animals, indicate that IdeS could also be used to treat IgG-driven diseases in humans.
Extreme Dysbiosis of the Microbiome in Critical Illness (2016)

Critical illness is hypothesized to associate with loss of "health-promoting" commensal microbes and overgrowth of pathogenic bacteria (dysbiosis). This dysbiosis is believed to increase susceptibility to nosocomial infections, sepsis, and organ failure. A trial with prospective monitoring of the intensive care unit (ICU) patient microbiome using culture-independent techniques to confirm and characterize this dysbiosis is thus urgently needed. Characterizing ICU patient microbiome changes may provide first steps toward the development of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions using microbiome signatures. To characterize the ICU patient microbiome, we collected fecal, oral, and skin samples from 115 mixed ICU patients across four centers in the United States and Canada. Samples were collected at two time points: within 48 h of ICU admission, and at ICU discharge or on ICU day 10. Sample collection and processing were performed according to Earth Microbiome Project protocols. We applied SourceTracker to assess the source composition of ICU patient samples by using Qiita, including samples from the American Gut Project (AGP), mammalian corpse decomposition samples, childhood (Global Gut study), and house surfaces. Our results demonstrate that critical illness leads to significant and rapid dysbiosis. Many taxons significantly depleted from ICU patients versus AGP healthy controls are key "health-promoting" organisms, and overgrowth of known pathogens was frequent. Source compositions of ICU patient samples are largely uncharacteristic of the expected community type. Between time points and within a patient, the source composition changed dramatically. Our initial results show great promise for microbiome signatures as diagnostic markers and guides to therapeutic interventions in the ICU to repopulate the normal, "health-promoting" microbiome and thereby improve patient outcomes. IMPORTANCE Critical illness may be associated with the loss of normal, "health promoting" bacteria, allowing overgrowth of disease-promoting pathogenic bacteria (dysbiosis), which, in turn, makes patients susceptible to hospital-acquired infections, sepsis, and organ failure. This has significant world health implications, because sepsis is becoming a leading cause of death worldwide, and hospital-acquired infections contribute to significant illness and increased costs. Thus, a trial that monitors the ICU patient microbiome to confirm and characterize this hypothesis is urgently needed. Our study analyzed the microbiomes of 115 critically ill subjects and demonstrated rapid dysbiosis from unexpected environmental sources after ICU admission. These data may provide the first steps toward defining targeted therapies that correct potentially "illness-promoting" dysbiosis with probiotics or with targeted, multimicrobe synthetic "stool pills" that restore a healthy microbiome in the ICU setting to improve patient outcomes.
A low-loss single-pole six-throw switch based on compact RF MEMS switches (2005)

A low-loss single-pole six-throw (SP6T) switch using very compact metal-contact RF microelectromechanical system (MEMS) series switches is presented. The metal-contact MEMS switch has an extremely compact active area of 0.4 mm /spl times/ 0.3 mm, thus permitting the formation of an SP6T MEMS switch into the RF switch with a total area of 1 mm/sup 2/. The MEMS switch shows an effective spring constant of 746 N/m and an actuation time of 8.0 /spl mu/s. It has an isolation loss from -64.4 to -30.6dB and an insertion loss of 0.08-0.19 dB at 0.5-20 GHz. Furthermore, in order to evaluate RF performances of the SP6T MEMS switch, as well as those of the single-pole single-throw RF MEMS series switch, we have performed small-signal modeling based on a parameter-extraction method. Accurate agreement between the measured and modeled RF performances demonstrates the validity of the small-signal model. The SP6T switch performed well with an isolation loss from -62.4 to -39.1dB and an insertion loss of 0.19-0.70 dB from dc to 6 GHz between the input port and each output port.
Testing levels for object-oriented software (2000)

One of the characteristics of object-oriented software is the complex dependency that may exist between classes due to inheritance, association and aggregation relationships. Hence, where to start testing and how to define an integration strategy are issues that require further investigation. This paper presents an approach to define a test order by exploiting a model produced during design stages (e.g., using OMT, UML), namely the class diagram. Our goal is to minimize the number of stubs to be constructed in order to decrease the cost of testing. This is done by testing a class after the classes it depends on. The novelty of the test order lies in the fact that it takes account of: (i) dynamic (polymorphism) dependencies; (ii) abstract classes that cannot be instantiated, making some testing levels infeasible. The test order is represented by a graph showing which testing levels must be done in sequence and which ones may be done independently. It also provides information about the classes involved in each level and how they are involved (e.g., instantiation or not). The approach is implemented in a tool called TOONS (Testing level generator for Object-OrieNted Software). It is applied to an industrial case study from the avionics domain.
Mitochondrial Aconitase Is a Source of Hydroxyl Radical (2000)

Mitochondrial aconitase (m-aconitase) contains a [4Fe-4S](2+) cluster in its active site that catalyzes the stereospecific dehydration-rehydration of citrate to isocitrate in the Krebs cycle. It has been proposed that the [4Fe-4S](2+) aconitase is oxidized by superoxide, generating the inactive [3Fe-4S](1+) aconitase. In this reaction, the likely products are iron(II) and hydrogen peroxide. Consequently, the inactivation of m-aconitase by superoxide may increase the formation of hydroxyl radical ((*)OH) through the Fenton reaction in mitochondria. In this work, evidence for the generation of (*)OH from the reaction of m-aconitase with superoxide is provided using ESR spin trapping experiments with 5-diethoxyphosphoryl-5-methyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide and alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butylnitrone. Formation of free ( small middle dot)OH was verified with the (*)OH scavenger Me(2)SO, which forms methyl radical upon reacting with (*)OH. The addition of Me(2)SO to incubation mixtures containing m-aconitase and xanthine/xanthine oxidase yielded methyl radical, which was detected by ESR spin trapping. Methyl radical formation was further confirmed using [(13)C]Me(2)SO. Parallel low temperature ESR experiments demonstrated that the generation of the [3Fe-4S](1+) cluster increased with increasing additions of superoxide to m-aconitase. This reaction was reversible, as >90% of the initial aconitase activity was recovered upon treatment with glutathione and iron(II). This mechanism presents a scenario in which (*)OH may be continuously generated in the mitochondria.
Development of Micro Cellular Open Cell Rigid Polyurethane Foams (1995)

With the increasing concern over the threat of ozone depletion and global warming, the rigid polyurethane foam insulation industry is facing a majorchallenge of selecting alternatives for chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs). Under the present situation, however, the effective means of solving this problem haven't been taken yet. Moreover, with more concern with the saving of energy worldwide, there is hope of insulators with higher performance. This paper reports on a micro cellular open cell polyurethane foam, which is very effective as a core material for evacuated insulators. In addition, thermal insulation panels with high performance are developed by utilizing the open cell foam as a core material. The evacuated insulators, so-called "vacuum insulation panels," have an insulation effectiveness four times better than those of the conventional rigid polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foams (thermal conductivity is 0.005 W/mK)and are also very lightweight compared to those made of inorganic substances such as silica powder. The vacuum insulation panels were manufactured by packing the core material and absorbents in a film-like laminated plastic container, which is suitable for holding a vacuum, followed by sealing in the industrial vacuum level (0.01—0.1 mm Hg). We have developed the micro cellular (100—200,μm) and 100% open cell foam by selecting polyol compositions, modified polyisocyanates, surfactants and cell opening additives. The micro cellular open cell foam has excellent physical properties such as heat resistance, compressive strength and low shrinkage as well as non-scorch at the stage of slabstock foaming. These properties will be very important for manufacturing the vacuum insulation panels. The open cell foams were blown by using the most conventional and alternative blowing agents in rigid foam systems. In the near future, we hope that this open cell foam technology will contribute to the development of environmentally friendly and high performance products in the insulation industry.
STRUCTURAL FEATURES OF ATHABASCA BITUMEN RELATED TO UPGRADING PERFORMANCE (1991)

ABSTRACT Using a combination of instrumental and chemical methods many new classes of compounds appearing as homologous series have been detected in Athabasca oil sand bitumen and in the chemical and thermal degradative products of asphaltene and the heavy ends of maltene. In general, the volatile portion of the maltene is rich in cyclic terpenoid structures and devoid in aliphatic compounds or normal alkane-derived cyclic molecules while the asphaltene fraction and heavy ends of maltene are abundant in normal alkyl-substituted aromatics, thianes, thiolanes, thiophenes, benzo- and dibenzothiophenes Ru(VM)-catalyzed oxidation permitted the quantitative estimation of the n-alkyl groups attached to aromatic carbons and of n-alkyl bridges between two aromatic units and their concentration distribution according to chain length. It also showed the presence of a large naphthenic core containing cyclic sulfides, which, during oxidation, were converted to their sulfones.
Isolation and Characterization of Lignin from Tropical and Temperate Hardwood (2010)

Dioxane and milled wood lignins (MWL) were isolated from tropical hardwood, Nalita (Trema orientalis) and temperate hardwood, aspen. These lignins were characterized by UV, FTIR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopy, alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation, molecular weight determination, elemental and methoxyl analysis. The structural analysis revealed that Nalita and aspen lignin is syringyl-guaiacyl type. Aspen lignin had higher syringyl unit than Nalita lignin. The β-O-4 type linkages are the main interunit linkages and more abundant in aspen than Nalita. Dioxane lignin showed higher free phenolic hydroxyl group than MWL in both species. The weight average molecular weight of aspen lignin was lower than that of Nalita lignin. Nalita and aspen lignins contained both erythro and threo configuration, but erythro proton gave stronger peak. A UV absorption maximum of aspen lignin was at 274 nm, whereas it was shifted to 280 nm for Nalita lignin. Keywords: Trema orientalis, Aspen, Dioxane lignin, Milled wood lignin, Syringyl-guaiacyl, β-O-4 linkages DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i3.4399 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(3), 271-280, 2009
Minicircle-oriP-IFN gamma: A Novel Targeted Gene Therapeutic System for EBV Positive Human Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (2011)

National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) [2010CB529904, 2010CB912201]; National Natural Science Foundation of Chin
Tutorial to robust statistics (1991)

Abstract In this tutorial we first illustrate the effect of outliers on classical statistics such as the sample average. This motivates the use of robust techniques. For univariate data the sample median is a robust estimator of location, and the dispersion can also be estimated robustly. The resulting ‘ z ‐scores’ are well suited to detect outliers. The sample median can be generalized to very large data sets, which is useful for robust ‘averaging’ of curves or images. For multivariate data a robust regression procedure is described. Its standardized residuals allow us to identify the outliers. Finally, a survey of related approaches is given. (This review overlaps with earlier work by the same author, which appeared elsewhere.)
β, γ-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds (1973)

Abstract It has been shown recently that β-oxycyclopropyl carbinols are transformed readily into β, γ-unsaturated keto systems on mild acid treatment.1 The following description of the α, α-dialkylation of an aldehyde and of a ring enlargement process illustrates further the great usefulness of the β-oxycyclopropylcarbinyl unit in organochemical synthesis.
Evaluation of Active Learning Strategies for Video Indexing (2007)

In this paper, we compare active learning strategies for indexing concepts in video shots. Active learning is simulated using subsets of a fully annotated dataset instead of actually calling for user intervention. Training is done using the collaborative annotation of 39 concepts of the TRECVID 2005 campaign. Performance is measured on the 20 concepts selected for the TRECVID 2006 concept detection task. The simulation allows exploring the effect of several parameters: the strategy, the annotated fraction of the dataset, the number of iterations and the relative difficulty of concepts. Three strategies were compared. The first two respectively select the most probable and the most uncertain samples. The third one is a random choice. For easy concepts, the "most probable" strategy is the best one when less than 15% of the dataset is annotated and the "most uncertain" strategy is the best one when 15% or more of the dataset is annotated. The "most probable" and "most uncertain" strategies are roughly equivalent for moderately difficult and difficult concepts. In all cases, the maximum performance is reached when 12 to 15% of the whole dataset is annotated.
A Phase I/II Study of Arsenic Trioxide/Bortezomib/Ascorbic Acid Combination Therapy for the Treatment of Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (2007)

The ABC regimen was well tolerated by most patients, and it produced preliminary signs of efficacy with an objective response rate of 27% in this heavily pretreated study population. These findings warrant further clinical evaluation of the ABC combination for treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma.
The Diagnosis of Lupus Anticoagulants by the Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time - The Central Role of Phosphatidyl Serine (1984)

Liposomes of pure phospholipids were used in a modified APTT test system and the role of phosphatidyl serine (PS) in determining the sensitivity of the test system to the presence of lupus anticoagulants was assessed. Six consecutive patients with lupus anticoagulants and seven haemophiliacs with anticoagulants directed at specific coagulation factors, were studied. Increasing the concentration of phospholipid in the test system markedly reduced the sensitivity to lupus anticoagulants but had marginal effect on the specific factor inhibitors. The same effect was achieved when the content of PS alone was increased in a vehicle liposome of constant composition. The results suggest that the lupus anticoagulants can best be detected by a screening method using an APTT test with a reagent of low PS content. The use of a reagent rich in PS will largely abolish the lupus anticoagulant's effect on the APTT. An approach using the two different types of reagent may facilitate differentiation of lupus inhibitors from other types of anticoagulant.
Antibody response to antigens distinct from smooth lipopolysaccharide complex in Brucella infection (1978)

The smooth lipopolysaccharide complex of the outer surface of smooth Brucella abortus cells is believed to be the antigenic component involved in serological tests routinely used for the diagnosis of brucellosis. Sera from cattle vaccinated or infected with B. abortus generally contain antibody directed toward the smooth lipopolysaccharide complex. The brucella organism contains a large number of other antigenically distinct components. The biological significance of some of these antigens has been demonstrated by showing that sera from infected cattle have precipitins to these components. These sera revealed up to seven distinct lines in immunoelectrophoresis with a protein-rich antigen mixture prepared from rough strain B. abortus 45/20, whereas sera from strain 19-vaccinated cattle did not reveal these lines at 4 or more months after vaccination. Monospecific antisera were prepared against six antigens in this mixture, and the purification of two of them by antibody affinity chromatography is described.
Thermal Propagation Effect in Thin Superconducting Films (1958)

Received 18 September 1958DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.1.282©1958 American Physical Society
Enzyme Activity to Augment the Characterization of Tethered Bilayer Membranes (2006)

The rate of Ca2+ -triggered phospholipase A2 (PLA2) degradation of tethered bilayer membranes (tBLMs), composed of a synthetic lipid, beta-mercaptoethanol, and palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC), is approximately 80 times greater than for those prepared with diphytanoylphosphatidylcholine (DPhyPC). Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and neutron reflectivity (NR) data indicate complete, water-free tBLMs that exhibit near ideal capacitive behavior and the presence of a water reservoir in the bilayer subspace proximal to the substrate (Au) surface for both tBLMs. Together these data indicate that the POPC and the DPhyPC tBLMs are structurally similar along the surface normal but markedly different at the outer leaflet/solution interface and that PLA2 is a sensitive probe of short length scale structural differences not revealed by EIS and NR.