gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
β-Amyloid Causes Depletion of Synaptic Vesicles Leading to Neurotransmission Failure (2009)

Alzheimer disease is a progressive neurodegenerative brain disorder that leads to major debilitating cognitive deficits. It is believed that the alterations capable of causing brain circuitry dysfunctions have a slow onset and that the full blown disease may take several years to develop. Therefore, it is important to understand the early, asymptomatic, and possible reversible states of the disease with the aim of proposing preventive and disease-modifying therapeutic strategies. It is largely unknown how amyloid beta-peptide (A beta), a principal agent in Alzheimer disease, affects synapses in brain neurons. In this study, we found that similar to other pore-forming neurotoxins, A beta induced a rapid increase in intracellular calcium and miniature currents, indicating an enhancement in vesicular transmitter release. Significantly, blockade of these effects by low extracellular calcium and a peptide known to act as an inhibitor of the A beta-induced pore prevented the delayed failure, indicating that A beta blocks neurotransmission by causing vesicular depletion. This new mechanism for A beta synaptic toxicity should provide an alternative pathway to search for small molecules that can antagonize these effects of A beta.
Alternative Synthesis of Dibenzo-and Dipyrido-[1,3]Diazepines from Thioamides and o,o′-Diaminobiaryls (1997)

Abstract Thioamides were treated with iodomethane, and then o,o′-diaminobiphenyl or bipyridyl to afford 6-substituted-5H-dibenzo- or dipyrido [1,3]diazepines in good yields.
A survey of dimensionality reduction techniques (2014)

Experimental life sciences like biology or chemistry have seen in the recent decades an explosion of the data available from experiments. Laboratory instruments become more and more complex and report hundreds or thousands measurements for a single experiment and therefore the statistical methods face challenging tasks when dealing with such high dimensional data. However, much of the data is highly redundant and can be efficiently brought down to a much smaller number of variables without a significant loss of information. The mathematical procedures making possible this reduction are called dimensionality reduction techniques; they have widely been developed by fields like Statistics or Machine Learning, and are currently a hot research topic. In this review we categorize the plethora of dimension reduction techniques available and give the mathematical insight behind them.
Models of blocking probability in all-optical networks with and without wavelength changers (1996)

We introduce a traffic model for circuit-switched all optical networks which we then use to calculate the blocking probability along a path for networks with and without wavelength changers. We investigate the effects of path length, switch size, and interference length (the expected number of hops shared by two sessions which share at least one hop) on blocking probability and the ability of wavelength changers to improve performance. Our model correctly predicts unobvious qualitative behaviour demonstrated in simulations by other authors.
Vehicle yaw stability control using rear active differential via Sliding mode control methods (2013)

The problem of vehicle yaw control is addressed in this paper using a rear active differential. The controller objective is to minimize the yaw-rate error and body slip-angle error of target values. A new Sliding mode controller is designed using a nonlinear 2DOF vehicle model and a sliding surface that integrates the vehicle yaw-rate error and slipangle error. Two control law approaches, namely, saturation control and saturation plus constant gain control where tested. Simulations performed using CarSim and Matlab/Simulink show robust stability in face of model uncertainties and superior performances of the saturation plus constant gain control.
Glutamine: An Obligatory Parenteral Nutrition Substrate in Critical Care Therapy (2015)

Critical illness is characterized by glutamine depletion owing to increased metabolic demand. Glutamine is essential to maintain intestinal integrity and function, sustain immunologic response, and maintain antioxidative balance. Insufficient endogenous availability of glutamine may impair outcome in critically ill patients. Consequently, glutamine has been considered to be a conditionally essential amino acid and a necessary component to complete any parenteral nutrition regimen. Recently, this scientifically sound recommendation has been questioned, primarily based on controversial findings from a large multicentre study published in 2013 that evoked considerable uncertainty among clinicians. The present review was conceived to clarify the most important questions surrounding glutamine supplementation in critical care. This was achieved by addressing the role of glutamine in the pathophysiology of critical illness, summarizing recent clinical studies in patients receiving parenteral nutrition with intravenous glutamine, and describing practical concepts for providing parenteral glutamine in critical care.
Photonic Amorphous Diamond Structure with a 3D Photonic Band Gap (2008)

We report that a full three-dimensional (3D) photonic band gap (PBG) is formed in a photonic amorphous structure in spite of complete lack of lattice periodicity. It is numerically shown that the structure "photonic amorphous diamond" possesses a sizable 3D PBG (18% of the center frequency for Si-air dielectric contrast) and that it can confine light at a defect as strongly as conventional photonic crystals can. These findings present important new insight into the origin of 3D PBG formation and open new possibilities in developing 3D PBG materials.
Comparison of PFGE and multilocus sequence typing for analysis of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates (2008)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
An essential role of ubiquitination in Cbl-mediated negative regulation of the Src-family kinase Fyn (2002)

The Cbl family of ubiquitin ligases function as negative regulators of activated receptor tyrosine kinases by facilitating their ubiquitination and subsequent lysosomal targeting. Here, we have investigated the role of Cbl ubiquitin ligase activity in the negative regulation of a non-receptor tyrosine kinase, the Src-family kinase Fyn. Using primary embryonic fibroblasts from Cbl(+/+) and Cbl(-/-) mice, we demonstrate that endogenous Cbl mediates the ubiquitination of Fyn and dictates the rate of Fyn turnover. By analyzing CHO-TS20 cells with a temperature-sensitive ubiquitin activating enzyme, we demonstrate that intact cellular ubiquitin machinery is required for Cbl-induced degradation of Fyn. Analyses of Cbl mutants, with mutations in or near the RING finger domain, in 293T cells revealed that the ubiquitin ligase activity of Cbl is essential for Cbl-induced degradation of Fyn by the proteasome pathway. Finally, use of a SRE-luciferase reporter demonstrated that Cbl-dependent negative regulation of Fyn function requires the region of Cbl that mediates the ubiquitin ligase activity. Given the conservation of structure between various Src-family kinases and the ability of Cbl to interact with multiple members of this family, Cbl-dependent ubiquitination could serve a general role to negatively regulate activated Src-family kinases.
Pigment anomaly caused by calcipotriol in a subject with melanoma (2003)

of airborne yeast and / or basidiospores is the main route of infection. In particular, the man's occupation gives two equally likely possibilities for the probable site of entry of the pathogen, namely, inhalation or a skin wound. If we had had the chance to determine whether the man had already developed systemic infection when he first noticed the lesion on his back, it would have been easier to determine the possible site of entry. In particular, no fungaemia at the time of the emergence of the first cryptococcal lesion, and localized cutaneous lesions could provide evidence for primary cutaneous cryptococcosis. 8 However, similar to other cases of systemic cryptococcosis, 9 as the symptoms of the systemic infection worsened soon after the first lesion was observed (2 months), and the cryptococcal lesions were scattered and emerged soon after the first one, we believe that this man had secondary cutaneous cryptococcosis.
Dynamic Optimization of Human Stair-Climbing Motion (2008)

Abstract : The objective of this paper is to present our method of predicting and simulating visually realistic and dynamically consistent human stair-climbing motion. The digital human is modeled as a 55-degrees of freedom branched mechanical system with associated human anthropometry-based link lengths, mass moments of inertia, and centers of gravity. The joint angle profiles are determined using a B-spline-based parametric optimization technique subject to different physics-based, task-based, and environment-based constraints. The formulation offers the ability to study effects of the magnitude and location of external forces on the resulting joint angle profiles and joint torque profiles. Several virtual experiments are conducted using this optimization-based approach and results are presented.
Fourier code: A novel orthogonal code for OCDM systems (2008)

The correlation property of the complex-valued OCDM code, the Fourier code, has been investigated. It provides easier implementation as well as lower aperiodic cross-correlation than the well-known binary Hadamard code.
Automatic 3D face synthesis using single 2D video frame (2004)

3D face synthesis has been extensively used in many applications over the last decade. Although many methods have been reported, automatic 3D face synthesis from a single video frame still remains unsolved. An automatic 3D face synthesis algorithm is proposed, which resolves a number of existing bottlenecks.
Systolic CORDIC DCT: an effective method for computing 2d-DCT (2003)

The 2D-DCT is used in image and speech processing for real-time application. In this paper a new hardware method is proposed for computing 2D-DCT. The hardware employs systolic array for doing recursive equation and use a CORDIC algorithm for determining some part of computation. So the method is called systolic CORDlC DCT or SCDCT. Parallelism, which is inherently employed in systolic array, helps to reduce the computation time. Comparing previous systolic method, SCDCT has lower computation time and memory referencing and has acceptable accuracy.
Endothelial Protease Nexin-1 Is a Novel Regulator of A Disintegrin and Metalloproteinase 17 Maturation and Endothelial Protein C Receptor Shedding via Furin Inhibition (2013)

Our results thus demonstrate an original role of PN-1 as a furin convertase inhibitor, providing new insights for understanding the regulation of endothelial protein C receptor-dependent aPC endothelial protective effects.
Calibration of fuzzy control systems (1994)

Fuzzy control systems (FCS) are usually designed through linguistic control rules and the operations among the fuzzy sets that define the fuzzy controller deal with fuzzy logic. However, the configuration and tuning of this kind of system represents a problem, although the modelling of the expert knowledge seems easy. Incoherences, non-completeness or control action inconsistencies may appear when the formulation of each rule is independent. The authors present a different philosophy to analyze a FCS configuration. The control system is studied as a control function defined by its inference map. The linguistic terms, membership functions and control rules selection, determine the characteristics of this map, so it may be possible to estimate its appearance according to these factors and to use their information successfully. The contrast between the non-linearity of a FCS and its closer linear (PID) controller, allows the control engineer to study strange situations deriving from an incorrect configuration. Among the techniques to estimate this contrast, measures for singularities detection and for asymmetries, rules dispersion and entropy measurement are used.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Assessment of Cell Binding to Hyaluronic Acid in a Solid-Phase Assay (1996)

Adhesion to hyaluronate by tumor cells has been shown to correlate with disease progression in various types of neoplasms. In order to study cell binding to hyaluronate, a novel assay was developed with hyaluronate covalently tethered to polystyrene plates in 96-well format. Hyaluronic acid is covalently linked to amine groups on the surface of these plates by 1-ethyl-3(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide. The amide linkage is stable to repeated washings, and cell binding to this derivatized surface is highly reproducible. Use of plates coated with hyaluronate by this new method provides an ideal in vitro model system for assaying cell binding.
Design of PID controllers based on constrained optimisation (2002)

A new design method for PID controllers is presented, based on optimisation of load disturbance rejection with constraints on robustness to model uncertainties. The design also delivers parameters to deal with measurement noise and set point response. Thus, the formulation of the design problem captures four essential aspects of industrial control problems, leading to a constrained optimisation problem which can be solved iteratively.
Effect of probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention on global serum lipidomic profiles in healthy adults (2008)

This was the first study to investigate the effects of probiotic intervention on global lipidomic profiles in humans. There are indications that probiotic LGG intervention may lead to changes in serum global lipid profiles, as reflected in decreased GPCho, LysoGPCho and SM as well as mainly increased TAG.
Fast f-to-2f interferometer for a direct measurement of the carrier-envelope phase drift of ultrashort amplified laser pulses (2008)

We propose a novel method to directly extract the phase from spectral interferograms, without the need for digital signal processing. This method is demonstrated with single-shot measurement and stabilization of the carrier-envelope phase of a 3 kHz amplifier system. Our scheme allows for real-time monitoring of the carrier-envelope drift and an increased loop width for stabilization. We find that in our amplifier laser system fast carrier-envelope phase jitter is mainly inherited from the oscillator stabilization loop but we also find previously unreported indications for a rapid pulse-to-pulse jitter from the amplifier pump laser.
Anomalous increase of coercivity in iron oxide powder coated with sodium polyphosphate (1977)

An anomalous increase of coercivity in a non-stoichiometric acicular iron oxide powder which was treated with a chain like sodium metaphosphate was investigated. The coercivity increased by a factor of about 2 in the acicular iron oxides and about 3 in the granular one, respectively. The magnetization decreased in inverse proportion to the increased coercivity. The coercivity of the treated iron oxides which was washed with water to remove the sodium metaphosphate returned to the value or to less than the value of the untreated iron oxides. The large magnetic anisotropy was estimated from the magnetic hysteresis loop. A constricted hysteresis loop was observed in treated iron oxides. The experiment suggests that an origin of the increased coercivity is due to the surface magnetic anisotropy which is based on the electrostatic coupling, participating in a absorbed compound.
Characterizing the Empirical Distribution of Prokaryotic Genome <i>n</i> -mers in the Presence of Nullomers (2014)

Characterizing the empirical distribution of the frequency of n-mers is a vital step in understanding the entire genome. This will allow for researchers to examine how complex the genome really is, and move beyond simple, traditional modeling frameworks that are often biased in the presence of abundant and/or extremely rare words. We hypothesize that models based on the negative binomial distribution and its zero-inflated counterpart will characterize the n-mer distributions of genomes better than the Poisson. Our study examined the empirical distribution of the frequency of n-mers (6 ≤ n ≤ 11) in 2,199 genomes. We considered four distributions: Poisson, negative binomial, zero-inflated Poisson, and zero-inflated negative binomial (ZINB). The number of genomes that have nullomers in 6-, 7-, and 8-mers was 150, 602 and 2,012, respectively, whereas all of the genomes for the 9-, 10-, and 11-mers had nullomers. In each n-mer considered, the negative binomial model performed the best for at least 93% of the 2,199 genomes; however, a small percentage (i.e., <7%) of the genomes did prefer the ZINB. The negative binomial and zero-inflation distributions extend the traditional Poisson setting and are more flexible in handling overdispersion that can be caused by an increase in nullomers. In an effort to characterize the distribution of the frequency of n-mers, researchers should also consider other discrete distributions that are more flexible and adjust for possible overdispersion.
Estimating Thermal Conductivity in Sedimentary Basins Using Lithologic Data and Geophysical Well Logs (1) (1990)

A method for estimating in-situ thermal conductivity profiles in oil and gas wells is advanced to rectify a major shortcoming in thermal analyses of sedimentary basins. Thermal conductivity estimates are made in a two-stage procedure and are based on a model for the conductivity of mixtures and input data from lithological and geophysical logs. First, rock matrix conductivity for an arbitrary depth interval (i.e., drill cuttings sample interval, which is about 3 m) is determined from the laboratory-calibrated conductivities and volumetric representation of its individual lithologic components using a geometric mean model. In-situ conductivity is then estimated by a second application of the model, correcting for temperature and porosity determined from geophysical logs. > The method is illustrated for three Uinta basin (Utah) wells that penetrate a series of Tertiary sandstones, shales, and muddy carbonates. Detailed lithologic descriptions, together with sonic and neutron logs, were digitized and used for estimating in-situ conductivity. The validity of the method was tested by comparing the prediction against laboratory measurements on 565 samples from the same wells. Rock matrix thermal conductivity ranges from 1.6 to 6.8 W/m/K and is predicted within 20% of the actual measurement for 90% of the samples. Both in-situ conductivity values and variations for a given lithologic unit are reduced at increased porosity and increased temperature. Thermal conductivity nomograms are presented as useful tools to predict directly the in-situ thermal conductivit of a formation from a well log signal.
Topological relations between three-periodic nets. II. Binodal nets (2009)

The TOPOS program package was used to generate all subnets of 3- to 12-coordinated binodal nets taken from the Reticular Chemistry Structure Resource database. 38,304 binodal nets with novel topologies were revealed and stored in the TTD collection. A new invariant, the adjacency matrix of the shell graph of a node, is proposed to distinguish the node local topology. With this invariant, the first six examples of binodal-quasi-uninodal nets were discovered. 4604 organic and metal-organic frameworks were analyzed to find examples of the topologies generated. It was shown that many edge-transitive nets as well as unknown topologies occur in crystal structures.
Concurrent tries with efficient non-blocking snapshots (2012)

We describe a non-blocking concurrent hash trie based on shared-memory single-word compare-and-swap instructions. The hash trie supports standard mutable lock-free operations such as insertion, removal, lookup and their conditional variants. To ensure space-efficiency, removal operations compress the trie when necessary. We show how to implement an efficient lock-free snapshot operation for concurrent hash tries. The snapshot operation uses a single-word compare-and-swap and avoids copying the data structure eagerly. Snapshots are used to implement consistent iterators and a linearizable size retrieval. We compare concurrent hash trie performance with other concurrent data structures and evaluate the performance of the snapshot operation.
EAACI guideline: Preventing the development of food allergy in infants and young children (2020 update) (2021)

Key changes from the 2014 guideline include suggesting (i) the introduction of peanut and well-cooked egg as part of complementary feeding (moderate certainty of evidence) and (ii) avoiding supplementation with regular cow's milk formula in the first week of life (low certainty of evidence). There remains uncertainty in how to prevent food allergy, and further well-powered, multinational research using robust diagnostic criteria is needed.
Reduced complexity space division multiplexing receivers (2002)

This paper presents space division multiplexing (SDM) as a technology to satisfy the user demand for ever higher bit rates in wireless local area network technology. SDM uses multiple transmit and receive antennas to increase the bit rate proportionally, without reducing the range, delay spread tolerance and spectrum occupancy. The optimal SDM receiver is the maximum likelihood decoder, which has the problem that its computational complexity is exponential in the number of antennas. This paper discusses complexity reduction, looks at existing, approximate algorithms and proposes new, exact algorithms. The symbol error rate performance and the computational complexity are compared and discussed.
Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Circuit QED Devices for Quantum Computation (2005)

We present fabrication and characterization procedures of devices for circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED). We have made 3-GHz cavities with quality factors in the range 10/sup 4/-10/sup 6/, which allow access to the strong coupling regime of cQED. The cavities are transmission line resonators made by photolithography. They are coupled to the input and output ports via gap capacitors. An Al-based Cooper pair box is made by e-beam lithography and Dolan bridge double-angle evaporation in superconducting resonators with high quality factor. An important issue is to characterize the quality factor of the resonators. We present an RF-characterization of superconducting resonators as a function of temperature and magnetic field. We have realized different versions of the system with different box-cavity couplings by using different dielectrics and by changing the box geometry. Moreover, the cQED approach can be used as a diagnostic tool of qubit internal losses.
The teratogenicity of cocaine (1982)

Pregnancy rats and mice received high doses of cocaine hydrochloride by intraperitoneal injection. Despite treatment periods which included most of organogenesis, no increase in congenital abnormalities was observed. Rats showed significant reductions in maternal and fetal weights as well as increased resorption frequencies. Fetal edema was also found. Mice showed only decreased fetal weights with no increase in malformations.