gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dextran Carrier Macromolecule for Colon Specific Delivery of Celecoxib (2010)

The colon specific polymeric conjugates of celecoxib were prepared with dextran of different molecular weight Mr approximately 40 000, 70 000, and 100 000 (CSD-40, CSD-70 and CSD-100). Succinic acid was used as linker between the drug and dextran. The prepared conjugates were characterized by UV, IR, 1H NMR and HPLC. The maximum degree of substitution 3.9+/-0.20 % was found with the dextran CSD-100 conjugates. The percent release of drug obtained by in-vitro hydrolysis studies, was found to be 24.37+/- 0.6, 23.0 +/- 0.5 and 20.13+/- 0.8 in simulated colonic fluid (SCF) pH 6.8 while 17.90 +/- 0.4, 16.8+/- 0.75 and 15.47 +/- 0.5 in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) pH 7.4 for CSD-40, CSD-70 and CSD-100, respectively, in both medium. The drug release from the conjugates was observed for 24 h in 3% w/v rat caecal content and found to be 41.77 +/- 1.2, 39.03 +/- 1.0 and 35.26 +/- 1.09 for CSD-40, CSD-70 and CSD-100 conjugates, respectively. The half life of conjugates was determined and was found to be short in 3% w/v rat caecal content. No amount of drug was released in simulated gastric fluid pH 1.2 and stomach homogenate in 2 h. The amount of drug released from small intestine homogenate was 3.4+/- 0.1 percent in 12 h for the CSD-40. The above result suggests that dextran could be used as a macromolecular carrier for colon specific drug delivery of celecoxib.
Surface-Modified Carbon Nanotubes Catalyze Oxidative Dehydrogenation of <i>n</i> -Butane (2008)

Butenes and butadiene, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of polymers and other compounds, are synthesized traditionally by oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of n-butane over complex metal oxides. Such catalysts require high O2/butane ratios to maintain the activity, which leads to unwanted product oxidation. We show that carbon nanotubes with modified surface functionality efficiently catalyze the oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane to butenes, especially butadiene. For low O2/butane ratios, a high selectivity to alkenes was achieved for periods as long as 100 hours. This process is mildly catalyzed by ketonic CO groups and occurs via a combination of parallel and sequential oxidation steps. A small amount of phosphorus greatly improved the selectivity by suppressing the combustion of hydrocarbons.
Fluorescence Anisotropy in Studies of Solute Interactions with Covalently Modified Colloidal Silica Nanoparticles (2003)

Time-resolved anisotropy decays of a fluorescent cationic solute, rhodamine 6G (R6G), in Ludox sols were measured to characterize the extent of the ionic binding of the probe to silica particles after modification of the surface with neutral or cationic silane coupling agents. The anisotropy decays provided direct evidence for distribution of the dye between the aqueous solution (picosecond decay component) and silica particles (nanosecond decay component and residual anisotropy component, which were attributed to the wobbling motion of dye on the silica surface and to the ionically bound probe, respectively). The dye was strongly adsorbed to unmodified silica nanoparticles, to the extent that less than 1% of the dye was present in the surrounding aqueous solution. Significant decreases in the degree of probe adsorption were obtained upon covalent modification of the silica with neutral or cationic silanes, with up to 80% of the probe being present in the aqueous solution in cases where the surface was coated with (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane. The addition of such agents also altered the fractional distribution between the nanosecond decay component and the residual anisotropy component in favor of the nanosecond component, indicative of weaker interactions between the dye and the modified surface (i.e., more wobbling motion). The data clearly show the power of time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy decay measurements for probing the modification of silica surfaces and should prove useful in characterization of new chromatographic stationary phases.
<title>Real-time foveated multiresolution system for low-bandwidth video communication</title> (1998)

Foveated imaging exploits the fact that the spatial resolution of the human visual system decreases dramatically away from the point of gaze. Because of this fact, large bandwidth savings are obtained by matching the resolution of the transmitted image to the fall-off in resolution of the human visual system. We have developed a foveated multiresolution pyramid video coder/decoder which runs in real-time on a general purpose computer (i.e., a Pentium with the Windows 95/NT OS). The current system uses a foveated multiresolution pyramid to code each image into 5 or 6 regions of varying resolution. The user-controlled foveation point is obtained from a pointing device (e.g., a mouse or an eyetracker). Spatial edge artifacts between the regions created by the foveation are eliminated by raised- cosine blending across levels of the pyramid, and by `foveation point interpolation' within levels of the pyramid. Each level of the pyramid is then motion compensated, multiresolution pyramid coded, and thresholded/quantized based upon human contrast sensitivity as a function of spatial frequency and retinal eccentricity. The final lossless coding includes zero-tree coding. Optimal use of foveated imaging requires eye tracking; however, there are many useful applications which do not require eye tracking.
Exciting Event Detection Using Multi-level Multimodal Descriptors and Data Classification (2006)

Event detection is of great importance in high-level semantic indexing and selective browsing of video clips. However, the use of low-level visual-audio feature descriptors alone generally fails to yield satisfactory results in event identification due to the semantic gap issue. In this paper, we propose an advanced approach for exciting event detection in soccer video with the aid of multi-level descriptors and classification algorithm. Specifically, a set of algorithms are developed for efficient extraction of meaningful mid-level descriptors to bridge the semantic gap and to facilitate the comprehensive video content analysis. The data classification algorithm is then performed upon the combination of multimodal mid-level descriptors and low-level feature descriptors for event detection. The effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed framework are demonstrated over a large collection of soccer video data with different styles produced by different broadcasters.
Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy for Bioanalysis at Nanometer Resolution (2005)

The nondestructive imaging of biomolecules in nanometer domains in their original location and position as adsorbed or deposited on a surface is of garners considerable experimental interest. Near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is an emerging technique with its astonishing resolving power of <100-nm domains, and nondestructive nature compared with other scanning probe microscopic techniques is an emerging technique to achieve this goal. At the single-molecule level of resolution, it is possible to use the NSOM as a critical tool for visualization of proteins on surfaces to obtain more fundamental information about their orientation and locality without disturbing their original orientation and position, and level of interaction with the surface. Several areas of science and medicine can benefit from this type of study especially for biomedical and biochip applications. To illustrate possible applications, imaging of green fluorescent proteins and biomolecules associated with multidrug resistance proteins in tumor cells will be demonstrated using NSOM.
Myocardial Tissue Engineering: Creating a Muscle Patch for a Wounded Heart (2004)

A bstract : Cardiac tissue engineering promises to revolutionize the treatment of patients with end‐stage heart failure and provide new solutions to the serious problem of heart donor shortage. By its broad definition, tissue engineering involves the construction of tissue equivalents from donor cells seeded within three‐dimensional polymeric scaffolds, then culturing and implanting of the cell‐seeded scaffolds to induce and direct the growth of new, healthy tissue. Here, we present an up‐to‐date summary of research studies in cardiac tissue engineering, with an emphasis on the critical design principles.
Failure of All-ceramic Fixed Partial Dentures in vitro and in vivo: Analysis and Modeling (1995)

Hertzian cone cracks visible at the loading site of 20 all-ceramic fixed partial dentures (FPDs), tested in vitro, led to the hypotheses that failure was due to the propagation of localized contact damage crack systems (Hertzian stress state) and that such damage was an unlikely clinical failure mode. Fractographic analysis of the 20 laboratory-failed and nine clinically-failed all-ceramic FPDs allowed for definitive testing of these hypotheses and a comparison between in vitro and in vivo failure behavior. In all cases, failure occurred in the FPD connectors (none from contact damage), with approximately 70 to 78% originating from the interface between the core and veneer ceramics. The coincidence between failure origins provides strong evidence that the in vitro test modeled aspects of structural behavior having clinical importance. The fractographic observations, coupled with the in vitro failure load data, furnished very specific boundary conditions which were applied to constrain mathematical models of FPD connector failure. Finite element analysis (FEA) of the laboratory FPDs found that maximum principal tensile stresses would occur at locations consistent with the fractographic observations only if: (1) there were appropriate elastic moduli differences between the ceramics; and (2) a small amount of abutment rotation was allowed. Weibull failure probability (Pf) calculations, incorporating FEA stress profiles, very closely replicated the laboratory failure distribution only when: (1) the veneer ceramic was much weaker than the core ceramic; and (2) the Weibull modulus of the core-veneer interface was much lower than that for the free veneer surface (i.e., the interface is of lower quality with regard to defects).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Recognition and mapping of facial expressions to avatar by embedded photo reflective sensors in head mounted display (2017)

We propose a facial expression mapping technology between virtual avatars and Head-Mounted Display (HMD) users. HMD allow people to enjoy an immersive Virtual Reality (VR) experience. A virtual avatar can be a representative of the user in the virtual environment. However, the synchronization of the the virtual avatar's expressions with those of the HMD user is limited. The major problem of wearing an HMD is that a large portion of the user's face is occluded, making facial recognition difficult in an HMD-based virtual environment. To overcome this problem, we propose a facial expression mapping technology using retro-reflective photoelectric sensors. The sensors attached inside the HMD measures the distance between the sensors and the user's face. The distance values of five basic facial expressions (Neutral, Happy, Angry, Surprised, and Sad) are used for training the neural network to estimate the facial expression of a user. We achieved an overall accuracy of 88% in recognizing the facial expressions. Our system can also reproduce facial expression change in real-time through an existing avatar using regression. Consequently, our system enables estimation and reconstruction of facial expressions that correspond to the user's emotional changes.
Regulation of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae HOG1</i> Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase by the <i>PTP2</i> and <i>PTP3</i> Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases (1997)

In response to increases in extracellular osmolarity, Saccharomyces cerevisiae activates the HOG1 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade, which is composed of a pair of redundant MAPK kinase kinases, namely, Ssk2p and Ssk22p, the MAPK kinase Pbs2p, and the MAPK Hog1p. Hog1p is activated by Pbs2p through phosphorylation of specific threonine and tyrosine residues. Activated Hog1p is essential for survival of yeast cells at high osmolarity. However, expression of constitutively active mutant kinases, such as those encoded by SSK2deltaN and PBS2(DD), is toxic and results in a lethal level of Hog1p activation. Overexpression of the protein tyrosine phosphatase Ptp2p suppresses the lethality of these mutations by dephosphorylating Hog1p. A catalytically inactive Cys-to-Ser Ptp2p mutant (Ptp2(C/S)p) is tightly bound to tyrosine-phosphorylated Hog1p in vivo. Disruption of PTP2 leads to elevated levels of tyrosine-phosphorylated Hog1p following exposure of cells to high osmolarity. Disruption of both PTP2 and another protein tyrosine phosphatase gene, PTP3, results in constitutive Hog1p tyrosine phosphorylation even in the absence of increased osmolarity. Thus, Ptp2p and Ptp3p are the major phosphatases responsible for the tyrosine dephosphorylation of Hog1p. When catalytically inactive Hog1(K/N)p is expressed in hog1delta cells, it is constitutively tyrosine phosphorylated. In contrast, Hog1(K/N)p, expressed together with wild-type Hog1p, is tyrosine phosphorylated only when cells are exposed to high osmolarity. Thus, the kinase activity of Hog1p is required for its own tyrosine dephosphorylation. Northern blot analyses suggest that Hog1p regulates Ptp2p and/or Ptp3p activity at the posttranscriptional level.
European Multicenter Study of the LIAISON Automated Diagnostic System for Determination of <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> -Specific Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM and the IgG Avidity Index (2005)

The LIAISON system is a fully automated system based on chemiluminescence and antigen bound to magnetic microparticles. The system allows fast and precise measurement of Toxoplasma-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM antibody levels and measurement of the IgG avidity index even at low levels of Toxoplasma-specific IgG antibodies in a single step without manual interference. Seven European centers participated in a multicenter evaluation of the LIAISON system. The sensitivity and specificity of the LIAISON system compared to the Sabin-Feldman dye test were 99.3 and 96.8%, respectively. In a comparison of the LIAISON Toxoplasma-specific IgM assay with an immunosorbent agglutination assay, the LIAISON assay had a sensitivity of 96.7% and a specificity of 95.4%. The LIAISON IgG assay showed agreements of 91, 100, and 100% with the AXSYM IgG (Abbott), VIDAS IgG (bioMerieux), and Platelia IgG (Bio-Rad) assays, respectively. The LIAISON IgM assay showed agreements of 95% with the AXSYM IgM and Platelia IgM assays, 96% with the ISAGA IgM assay (bioMerieux), and 97% with the VIDAS IgM assay. The coefficient of correlation between the LIAISON system and the VIDAS Toxoplasma-specific IgG avidity index was 0.81. By use of the Toxoplasma-specific IgG avidity index assay with specific IgM-positive samples, the diagnosis of infection with Toxoplasma gondii in early pregnancy has been improved significantly. The LIAISON avidity assay is a valuable assay for the exclusion of recently acquired infection with T. gondii (less than 4 months) in pregnant women, and it decreases significantly the necessity for follow-up testing.
Differential human antibody repertoires following Zika infection and the implications for serodiagnostics and disease outcome (2019)

Zika virus (ZIKV) outbreak in Americas led to extensive efforts to develop vaccines and ZIKV-specific diagnostics. In the current study, we use whole genome phage display library spanning the entire ZIKV genome (ZIKV-GFPDL) for in-depth immune profiling of IgG and IgM antibody repertoires in serum and urine longitudinal samples from individuals acutely infected with ZIKV. We observe a very diverse IgM immune repertoire encompassing the entire ZIKV polyprotein on day 0 in both serum and urine. ZIKV-specific IgG antibodies increase 10-fold between day 0 and day 7 in serum, but not in urine; these are highly focused on prM/E, NS1 and NS2B. Differential antibody affinity maturation is observed against ZIKV structural E protein compared with nonstructural protein NS1. Serum antibody affinity to ZIKV-E protein inversely correlates with ZIKV disease symptoms. Our study provides insight into unlinked evolution of immune response to ZIKV infection and identified unique targets for ZIKV serodiagnostics.
High quality multi-pulse based CELP speech coding at 6.4 kb/s and its subjective evaluation (2002)

This paper proposes an MP-CELP (Multi-Pulse-based CELP) speech coding at 6.4 kb/s with 10 ms frame. In MP-CELP, amplitudes or signs of multi-pulse excitation are simultaneously vector quantized (VQ). A combination search between multiple pulse location candidates and VQ codebook remarkably improves the quantization performance. In order to improve speech quality for background noise conditions, an adaptive pulse location restriction method is developed. The subjective evaluation results show that speech quality for 6.4 kb/s MP-CELP is higher than that for G.726 at 32 kb/s and is equivalent to that for 6.3 kb/s G.723.1 with 30 ms frame in clean speech and tandem conditions. For background noise conditions, the adaptive pulse location restriction significantly improves MOS value by 0.9. The speech quality is equivalent to that for G.723.1, but still does not reach to that of 24 kb/s G.726, except interference talker condition.
Association of Helicobacter pylori and Chlamydia pneumoniae infections with coronary heart disease and cardiovascular risk factors (1995)

Both H pylori and C pneumoniae infectins are associated with coronary heart disease. These relations are not explained by a wide range of confounding factors. Possible mechanisms include an increase in risk factor levels due to a low grade chronic inflammatory response.
Copper electrodeposition from a copper acid baths in the presence of PEG and NaCl (2001)

Copper electrodeposition from copper acid solutions containing PEG and NaCl has been investigated onto Cu(111), Cu(100) and polycrystalline copper electrodes using polarization and EIS measurements. The adsorption of sulphate and chloride anions, and PEG molecules, was investigated onto Cu(111) and Cu(100) by cyclic voltammetry and differential capacitance measurements. Differential capacitance vs. potential curves recorded onto Cu(100) in solutions containing 0.1 M H2SO4, 0.1 M H2SO4 + 10-3 M PEG and 0.1MH2SO4 + 10-3MPEG + 10-3MNaCl confirm that ?specific adsorption? of PEG molecules occurs in the absence of NaCl in the solution, in the potential region of copper electrodeposition, e.g., between -1.0 V and -0.5 V vs. SSE. In the presence of chloride ions, the adsorption of PEG molecules is suppressed and there is no evidence of adsorption of neutral PEG molecules. It is shown that hysteresis, appearing on the polarization curves of copper electrodeposition, is not a consequence of competition between inhibition provided by the Cl-PEG/Cu2+/Cu+/Cu interface and the catalytic effects of Cl-MPSA/Cu2+/Cu+/Cu interaction, because hysteresis is present in the solution containing only PEG and NaCl, e.g., in the absence of MPSA. EIS measurements confirm the simultaneous occurrence of two processes during copper electrodeposition: deposition of copper by discharge of Cu2+ ions and ?specific adsorption? and discharge of some heavily charged species, most probably containing Cu, PEG and Cl.
Perineural Mast Cells Are Specifically Enriched in Pancreatic Neuritis and Neuropathic Pain in Pancreatic Cancer and Chronic Pancreatitis (2013)

Pancreatic neuritis in PC and CP is composed of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, macrophages and MC. The specific enrichment of MC around intrapancreatic nerves in neuropathic pain due to PCa and CP suggests the presence of MC-induced visceral hypersensitivity in the pancreas. Therefore, pancreatic and enteric neuropathies seem to share a similar type of neuro-immune interaction in the generation of visceral pain.
Brn-1 and Brn-2 share crucial roles in the production and positioning of mouse neocortical neurons (2002)

Formation of highly organized neocortical structure depends on the production and correct placement of the appropriate number and types of neurons. POU homeodomain proteins Brn-1 and Brn-2 are coexpressed in the developing neocortex, both in the late precursor cells and in the migrating neurons. Here we show that double disruption of both Brn-1 and Brn-2 genes in mice leads to abnormal formation of the neocortex with dramatically reduced production of layer IV-II neurons and defective migration of neurons unable to express mDab1. These data indicate that Brn-1 and Brn-2 share roles in the production and positioning of neocortical neuron development.
Tumor-promoting phorbol diesters mediate phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. (1984)

4 beta-Phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate (PMA) markedly inhibited the binding of low concentrations (less than 10(-9 m) of 125I-epidermal growth factor (EGF) to A431 human epidermoid carcinoma cells. However, very little change in the binding of 125-I-EGF at high concentrations (greater than 10(-8) M) was observed in response to PMA. Affinity labeling of the 170,000-dalton EGF receptor with 125I-EGF and disuccinimidyl suberate was also decreased by the tumor promoter at low, but not high, concentrations of 125I-EGF. In order to examine this action of PMA on the EGF receptor, the receptor phosphorylation state was evaluated in A431 cells that had been incubated with [32P]phosphate for 3 h prior to the addition of PMA. The 32P content of the EGF receptor purified with EGF-Sepharose was increased by 38% compared with the same amount of receptor isolated from control cells. The increase in EGF receptor phosphorylation was dose-dependent with a half-maximal effect between 0.1 and 1 nM PMA and was specific for tumor promoting analogues of phorbol diesters. Phosphoamino acid analysis indicated that the increase in the 32P content of the EGF receptor was mainly due to phosphoserine. These results demonstrate that the EGF receptor is a target for PMA action and suggest that the mechanism of PMA action on the response of cells to epidermal growth factor may be mediated in part by phosphorylation of the EGF receptor.
Uniqueness and mixing properties of Gibbs measures (1996)

A s h o rt introduction to the theory of ( nite-range) Gibbs measures and phase transitions is given, starting with the famous Ising model.Some recent results on uniqueness and mixing, based on percolation-type arguments, are summarized and compared with more classical results.
A programmable mutual capacitance sensing circuit for a large-sized touch panel (2012)

This paper presents a programmable capacitive sensing circuit for multi-touch applications, especially enabling mutual capacitance sensing in a large-sized touch panel (over 10-inches). To control the offset of the capacitive sensor, the circuit, based on a switched-capacitor integrator, internally includes a cancelling capacitor array to discharge a feedback capacitor and prevent excessive accumulation. Also, the feedback capacitor array can make the sensitivity of the sensor programmable. With programmable capacitors, this design can make the sensor more compatible with various panels and use a lower feedback capacitor than that of a conventional switched-capacitor. The capacitive interface circuit for a large-sized touch panel has 1728 channels (54×32), which simultaneously sense the capacitance variation during each line driving for mutual capacitance sensing. In addition, charge integration is repeated to increase the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The performance of the proposed topology is evaluated mainly with a 10.1-inch LCD touch panel. The measured SNR of the sensor is 23dB at a 60Hz frame rate with twenty repetitions of charge integration. The prototype IC is implemented in a 0.35-um CMOS technology.
The Smart-Chip Credit Card: A Current Solution (2016)

The familiar magnetic stripe credit cards used for decades in the United States are being phased out. Read about the new smart-chip credit cards, designed to reduce fraud and improve security, in the March issue of Page One Economics: Focus on Finance.