gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<scp>ABCD</scp>1 deletion‐induced mitochondrial dysfunction is corrected by <scp>SAHA</scp>: implication for adrenoleukodystrophy (2014)

X-linked Adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), an inherited peroxisomal metabolic neurodegenerative disorder, is caused by mutations/deletions in the ATP-binding cassette transporter (ABCD1) gene encoding peroxisomal ABC transporter adrenoleukodystrophy protein (ALDP). Metabolic dysfunction in X-ALD is characterized by the accumulation of very long chain fatty acids ≥ C22:0) in the tissues and plasma of patients. Here, we investigated the mitochondrial status following deletion of ABCD1 in B12 oligodendrocytes and U87 astrocytes. This study provides evidence that silencing of peroxisomal protein ABCD1 produces structural and functional perturbations in mitochondria. Activities of electron transport chain-related enzymes and of citric acid cycle (TCA cycle) were reduced; mitochondrial redox status was dysregulated and the mitochondrial membrane potential was disrupted following ABCD1 silencing. A greater reduction in ATP levels and citrate synthase activities was observed in oligodendrocytes as compared to astrocytes. Furthermore, most of the mitochondrial perturbations induced by ABCD1 silencing were corrected by treating cells with suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid, an Histone deacetylase inhibitor. These observations indicate a novel relationship between peroxisomes and mitochondria in cellular homeostasis and the importance of intact peroxisomes in relation to mitochondrial integrity and function in the cell types that participate in the pathobiology of X-ALD. These observations suggest suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid as a potential therapy for X-ALD. Schematic description of the effects of loss of peroxisomal ATP-binding cassette transporter D1 (ABCD1) gene on cellular Redox and mitochondrial activities and their correction by suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA) treatment. Pathogenomic accumulation of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA) as a result of loss of ABCD1 leads to dysfunctions of mitochondrial biogenesis and its activities. Treatment with SAHA corrects mitochondrial dysfunctions. These studies describe unique cooperation between mitochondria and peroxisome for cellular activities.
The Cost of Off‐Flavor (1995)

Abstract Off‐flavor problems in farm‐raised catfish Ictalurus punctatus increase production costs and pose inventory management problems for catfish farmers. Multiperiod mathematical programming techniques were used to test the effect of 16 different off‐flavor scenarios on expected net returns above variable cost with and without cash flow restrictions. The patterns of off‐flavor incidence had less effect on farm profits than whether or not fish are off‐flavor during certain key months of the year. To be feasible, systems designed to purge off‐flavor from catfish would need to cost less than $0.05 to $0.06/kg (if cash flow is not a consideration) or $0.04/kg to $0.25/ke (with cash flow considerations).
Refractive index of liquids under high pressure (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRefractive index of liquids under high pressureToshiharu Takagi and Hiroshi TeranishiCite this: J. Chem. Eng. Data 1982, 27, 1, 16–18Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/je00027a003https://doi.org/10.1021/je00027a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views431Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Experimental scrub typhus immunogens: gamma-irradiated and formalinized rickettsiae (1977)

Scrub typhus immunogens were prepared by exposing infected yolk sac suspensions of Rickettsia tsutsugamushi to various doses of gamma radiation. Mouse lethality was abolished at doses greater than 200 krads, whereas immunogenicity of the suspensions, as shown by mouse protection tests, was diminished relatively little by radiation doses in the 200- to 400-krad range. Using a 300-krad gamma dose to provide a safety factor, immunogens were prepared and their protective capacity was contrasted with formalinized scrub typhus immunogens prepared by conventional techniques. Formalinized suspensions afforded mice only partial protection against intraperitoneal challenge with 1,000 50% mouse lethal doses of the virulent homologous strain and no significant protection against similar challenge with an equally virulent heterologous strain. Using the same strains, radiation-inactivated preparations provided 100% protection against 10,000 50% mouse lethal doses of the homologous strain and 70% protection against challenge with the same doses of a heterologous strain. Neither immunogen was a potent stimulator of antibody production as measured by the complement-fixation test. Cell-transfer studies using inbred mice indicated a role for cell-mediated immunity after vaccination with gamma-irradiated immunogens, but no cell-mediated protection could be demonstrated after vaccination with formalin-inactivated rickettsiae.
Efficient techniques for binary-to-multidigit multidimensional logarithmic number system conversion using range-addressable look-up tables (2005)

The multidimensional logarithmic number system (MDLNS), which has similar properties to the classical logarithmic number system (LNS), provides more degrees of freedom than the LNS by virtue of having two, or more, orthogonal bases and has the ability to use multiple MDLNS components, or digits. Unlike the LNS, there is no monotonic relationship between standard binary representations and MDLNS representations. Using look-up tables (LUTs) to perform the mapping function can be unrealistic for hardware implementations when large binary ranges or multiple digits are used. This work proposes a novel range-addressable technique for using look-up tables that allows efficient conversion from binary-to-single or multidigit MDLNS with varying accuracies, depending on the selected implementation.
Scanner-model-based document image improvement (2000)

We describe a method for improving scanned or faxed document images. Our method assumes a probabilistic model of the scanning process, and uses this model to cluster instances of the same letter and to compute super-resolved representatives of the clusters. The approach also enables Bayesian prior distributions and reversal of scanner distortions such as gain.
Digital Coding of Color Picturephone Signals by Element-Differential Quantization (1971)

An element differential quantizer has been used to encode three baseband components of a color Picturephone® type signal in real time. The first part of this paper is concerned with an investigation of the extra bits required to transmit chrominance information over that required for a high-quality luminance signal (coded to 4 bits per picture element). We have found that a total allocation of 1 bit per picture element to the chrominance signals leads to a high-quality color display. The second part of the paper concerns an investigation of a more efficient coding format for color sigaals. In this regard, we have determined that the color signal can be packaged into a 6.3-Mbit/s rate by allocating 12 levels for the luminance component, 6 levels for one chrominance component, and 4 levels for the other chrominance component. Only one chrominance component is transmitted each line and the missing component is obtained by line averaging. The best results were obtained by coding chrominance signals that were matrixed such that their color axes lay between the <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">I</tex> and <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Q</tex> and color difference axes. A scheme is suggested for simply combining this type of coder with an analog color signal that has the chrominance information compressed into the blanking portion of the signal.
Linkage and allelic association of atopy and markers flanking the IL4‐receptor gene (1998)

We conclude from our findings that maternal inheritance of a gene in the chromosome 16p12 region increases the risk for enhanced IgE responsiveness. The most prominent candidate in this region is represented by the IL4 receptor gene.
Modeling and generating complex motion blur for real-time tracking (2008)

This article addresses the problem of real-time visual tracking in presence of complex motion blur. Previous authors have observed that efficient tracking can be obtained by matching blurred images instead of applying the computationally expensive task of deblurring (H. Jin et al., 2005). The study was however limited to translational blur. In this work, we analyse the problem of tracking in presence of spatially variant motion blur generated by a planar template. We detail how to model the blur formation and parallelise the blur generation, enabling a real-time GPU implementation. Through the estimation of the camera exposure time, we discuss how tracking initialisation can be improved. Our algorithm is tested on challenging real data with complex motion blur where simple models fail. The benefit of blur estimation is shown for structure and motion.
InGaN based micro light emitting diodes featuring a buried GaN tunnel junction (2015)

GaN tunnel junctions (TJs) are grown by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy. High doping levels are achieved with a net acceptor concentration close to ∼1020 cm−3, thanks to the low growth temperature. This allows for the realization of p-n junctions with ultrathin depletion width enabling efficient interband tunneling. n-p-n structures featuring such a TJ exhibit low leakage current densities, e.g., &lt;5 × 10−5 A cm−2 at reverse bias of 10 V. Under forward bias, the voltage is 3.3 V and 4.8 V for current densities of 20 A cm−2 and 2000 A cm−2, respectively. The specific series resistance of the whole device is 3.7 × 10−4 Ω cm2. Then micro-light emitting diodes (μ-LEDs) featuring buried TJs are fabricated. Excellent current confinement is demonstrated together with homogeneous electrical injection, as seen on electroluminescence mapping. Finally, the I-V characteristics of μ-LEDs with various diameters point out the role of the access resistance at the current aperture edge.
Micromagnetic study of domain-wall pinning characteristics with grooves in thin films (2005)

The pinning characteristics of a 180° domain wall with grooves are investigated using the micromagnetic simulation. The depinning fields required to pull the wall out of the grooved region were strongly related to the pinning characteristics at each step edge. The depinning field difference between the wall movement directions was improved by the increase of the lower depinning field compared to that with the steplike thickness change. It was also found that the depinning fields for various groove widths were almost constant and the wall displacement was further suppressed by the narrower groove having the vertical edge.
New Ambipolar Organic Semiconductors. 2. Effects of Electron Acceptor Strength on Intramolecular Charge Transfer Photophysics, Highly Efficient Electroluminescence, and Field-Effect Charge Transport of Phenoxazine-Based Donor−Acceptor Materials (2008)

Substantial variations (up to factors of 5) were observed in the intramolecular charge-transfer (ICT) fluorescence quantum yields and electroluminescence efficiencies among a series of emissive bipolar donor−acceptor (D−A) materials based on a phenoxazine donor and different acceptors with a varying electron acceptor strength, including quinoline, quinoxaline, benzoquinoxaline, and benzoylquinoxaline. High-efficiency organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with colors spanning the visible spectrum were achieved from the new emissive ambipolar materials. The performance of the OLEDs based on the D−A molecules decreased with increasing electron acceptor strength, largely owing to the reduction in fluorescence efficiencies. Green OLEDs (CIE = 0.27, 0.61) from a phenoxazine-quinoline molecule gave the best performance (36190 cd/m2, 10.9 cd/A at 5115 cd/m2). Red OLEDs (CIE = 0.63, 0.37) with moderate performance (9580 cd/m2, 2.3 cd/A at 230 cd/m2) were obtained from the phenoxazine-benzoylquinoxaline molecule. These results show that the electron accepting strength of the acceptor moiety in a D−A molecule is a convenient method for varying the HOMO/LUMO energy levels and the resultant electroluminescence emission colors. Field-effect hole mobilities of up to 7 × 10−4 cm2/Vs were obtained in the phenoxazine-quinoline D−A molecules, demonstrating the potential of phenoxazine as a building block for developing new emissive and charge-transport materials for OLEDs.
Carbidausscheidungen in Warmarbeitsstählen (1984)

Vergütbare mit Chrom, Wolfram, Molybdän und Vanadin legierte Warmarbeitsstähle. Untersuchung der Menge, Art und Zusammensetzung der Carbide im weichgeglühten und im gehärteten Zustand. Ermittlung der Carbidreaktionen beim Anlassen. Orientierungszusammenhang zwischen der Stahlgrundmasse und den beim Anlassen ausgeschiedenen Carbiden. Heat treatable hot work tool steels alloyed with chrome, tungsten, molybdenum and vanadium. Investigation of the quantity, nature and composition of carbides in soft annealed and hardened condition. Determination of carbide reactions at tempering. Orientation dependence of the steel matrix on the carbides segregated at tempering. Aciers pour travail à chaud aptes au traitement de trempe et revenu, alliés au chrome, tungstène, molybdène et vanadium. Etude de la quantité, nature et composition des carbures en état adouci par recuit et trempé. Détermination des réactions des carbures au traitement de revenu. Dépendance vis-à-vis de l'orientation entre la matrice de l'acier et les carbures ségrégées pendant le traitement de revenu.
A High-SFDR 14-bit 500 MS/s Current-Steering D/A Converter in <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$0.18~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula>m CMOS (2015)

In this brief, a 14-bit 500 MS/s current-steering digital-to-analog converter (DAC) is proposed, which applies the novel grouped random rotation thermometer code (GRTC) and the differential-quad switching (DQS) and has good dynamic performance without calibrations. The GRTC suppresses the harmonics caused by element mismatches, while the DQS reduces the input-code transition-dependent distortion to achieve a high spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR). A unit current cell with an intrinsic precision of 12 bits rather than 14 bits is used to reduce the active area, and the simple diagonal structure with a common-centroid layout is adopted to reduce the gradient error. The measured SFDR of the proposed DAC is more than 80 dBc below 35 MHz and better than 68 dBc over the entire Nyquist bandwidth. The power consumption of the DAC core is only 67.7 mW at 500 MS/s. The proposed DAC has been implemented in the Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) 0.18-μm CMOS process and occupies an active area of only 0.55 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Two wavelength femtosecond laser induced DNA-protein crosslinking (1998)

Nucleic acid-protein interactions are essential for storage, reproduction and expression of genetic information. Biochemical methods, such as dimethyl sulfate genomic footprinting, have been developed to study stable protein-DNA interactions in vivo and chemical crosslinking has been used for less stable interactions, but the chemical agents are slow, damage cells and perturb native equilibria. To avoid these perturbations, UV laser crosslinking offers an alternative, although the energies required for significant crosslinking cause extensive DNA damage. We find that a combination of femtosecond laser pulses at two different wavelengths, in the UV and the visible range, increases the crosslinking efficiency while minimizing DNA damage. This technique also allowed us to directly measure the singlet S1lifetime of native DNA (tauS1 = 3.2 +/- 0.2 ps), which is mainly determined by the lifetime of thymine [tauS1 = 2.8 +/- 0.4 ps for (dT)16], the photochemically most reactive base. Our results suggest that two wavelength femtosecond laser pulses are well suited for the identification of transcription factors interacting with defined sequences and for studying the kinetics of protein-nucleic acid interactions in intact cells.
Alternative splicing of CRH‐R1 receptors in human and mouse skin: identification of new variants and their differential expression (2001)

We identified four new isoforms of human CRH-R1 (e-h) and three of mouse (mCRH-R1c, e, and f). In all new forms exon 6 was missing. Human CRH-R1e was characterized by the deletion of exons 3 and 4; exon 12 from CRH-R1f; exon 11, 27 base pairs (bp) of exon 10 and 28 bp of exon 12 from CRH-R1g and CRH-R1h by the addition of a cryptic exon. In mouse CRH-R1c exon 3 was spliced out; in mCRH-R1e exons 3 and 4 and in mCRH-R1f exon 11 were spliced from mRNA. CRH-R1 was expressed in all skin specimens in patterns dependent on the cell type, physiological status, and presence of pathology. CRH-R1a, the most prevalent form, was detected in almost all samples. Ultraviolet radiation (UV) changed the splicing pattern and induced or increased expression of CRH-R1a in cultured skin cells. Continuing UV treatment of succeeding generations of cells resulted in a progressive increase in the number of CRH-R1 isoforms, which suggests that receptor heterogeneity might favor cell survival. TPA (phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate), forskolin, dbcAMP (N6, 2'-O-dibutyryladenosine 3':5'-cyclic monophospate sodium), and IBMX (3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine) also changed the splicing pattern. We suggest that a polymorphism of CRH-R1 expression is related to anatomic location, skin physiological or pathologic status, specific cell type, and external stress (UV), and that cAMP-dependent pathways and TPA may regulate CRH-R1.
An Electro-mechanical Actuator for a Miniature Force Hammer (1998)

Commercially available force hammer actuators cannot be used with the smallest impact hammers such as the PCB 086C80. An electromechanical actuator has been built that allows much more precise control of the hammer strike, e.g., position and force level, while still being easily handheld. When clamped in a fixture, all hammer impact parameters are fully variable just as if controlled by hand but with far more consistency and precision, repeatedly impacting within < 0.3 mm, and with high coherence values. This autohammer apparatus also allows access to enclosed environments or tight spaces where a handheld hammer cannot strike reliably. The hammer strike can be triggered locally or remotely, manually, or by waveform generator or a signal generator under computer control.
An Optical Approach to Microwave Frequency Measurement With Adjustable Measurement Range and Resolution (2008)

We propose an approach for the measurement of microwave frequency in the optical domain with adjustable measurement range and resolution. In the proposed approach, two optical wavelengths with a large wavelength spacing are modulated by an unknown microwave signal in a Mach-Zehnder modulator (MZM). The optical output from the MZM is sent to a dispersive fiber to introduce different chromatic dispersions, leading to different microwave power penalties. The two wavelengths are then separated, with the microwave powers measured by two photodetectors. A fixed relationship between the microwave power ratio and the microwave frequency is established. The microwave frequency is estimated by measuring the two microwave powers. The frequency measurement range and resolution can be adjusted by tuning the wavelength spacing. Different frequency measurement ranges and resolutions are demonstrated experimentally.
A predictive control approach for energy-aware consolidation of virtual machines in cloud computing (2014)

The widespread diffusion of Infrastructure-as-a-Service and cloud computing paradigms requires large-scale data centers with thousands of running nodes and high energy demands, thus causing relevant economical and environmental costs. In this perspective, the paper presents an energy-aware consolidation strategy based on predictive control, in which virtual machines are migrated among nodes to reduce the number of active units. To describe a general cloud infrastructure, a discrete-time dynamic model is presented together with constraints. The migration strategies of virtual machines are obtained by solving finite-horizon optimal control problems involving integer variables. To reduce the computational effort, approximate solutions are searched for via Monte Carlo optimization. Besides power savings, the proposed method allows one to reduce violations of the service level agreement and aggressive on/off cycles of nodes. To showcase the effectiveness of the proposed approach, preliminary simulation results are provided.
Equipment development for automated assembly of solar modules. Final report (1982)

Prototype equipment was developed which allows for totally automated assembly in the three major areas of module manufacture: cell stringing, encapsulant layup and cure and edge sealing. The equipment is designed to be used in conjunction with a standard Unimate 2000B industrial robot although the design is adaptable to other transport systems.
[Preparation and properties of stretched polytene chromosomes. 2. Mechanism of stretching]. (1978)

Isolated polytene chromosomes were stretched in a 0.125 M NaCl solution with constant speed, by constant force and by cyclically changing force. For each regime, the dependence of chromosome length on the time and force magnitude were recorded. From this it may be concluded that three processes are involved in chromosome stretching: viscoelastic deformation, viscous flow of DNP segments, and cristallization, i.e. intermolecular cross-linking of neighbour segments. At a high rate stretching (V greater than Vo) chromosome may be torn like at small deformation; when rate is V greater than Vo chromosome deformation is mostly viscoelastic; at rates V approximately Vo viscous flow of DNP segments if predominant. We estimate Vo approximately less than 3--6 mum/s. Electron microscopy shows that during chromosome stretching its DNP fibers are oriented along chromosome axis without detectable breaks.
Topological persistence and simplification (2002)

We formalize a notion of topological simplification within the framework of a filtration, which is the history of a growing complex. We classify a topological change that happens during growth as either a feature or noise, depending on its life-time or persistence within the filtration. We give fast algorithms for completing persistence and experimental evidence for their speed and utility.