gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluating the Use of Male-Produced Pheromone Components and Plant Volatiles in Two Trap Designs to Monitor<i>Anoplophora glabripennis</i> (2010)

Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), commonly known as the Asian longhorned beetle, is a wood-boring invasive species introduced from Asia to North America and Europe in solid wood packing material. Efficient monitoring traps are needed to assess population density and dispersal in the field and to detect new introductions at ports of entry. For this purpose, we conducted field trapping experiments in China in the summers of 2007 and 2008. In 2007, we tested Intercept panel traps hung on poplar trees. In 2008, we used Intercept panel traps hung on poplar trees, screen sleeve traps wrapped around poplar trunks, and Intercept panel traps hung on bamboo poles 20 m away from host trees. Traps were baited with A. glabripennis male-produced pheromone alone or in different combinations with plant volatiles. Traps baited with the male-produced pheromone alone caught significantly more females than control traps in both years. The addition of a mixture of (-)-linalool, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, linalool oxide, trans-caryophyllene, and trans-pinocarveol to the pheromone significantly increased trap catches of females, 85% of which were virgin. Screen sleeve traps baited with a combination of (-)-linalool and the pheromone caught the highest number of beetles overall in 2008, whereas traps placed on bamboo polls caught the lowest number. Although the logistics for the most effective implementation of a trapping program using a mixture of the pheromone and plant volatiles require additional studies, these results indicate that this pheromone has considerable promise as a monitoring tool for A. glabripennis in the field.
Effects of additives on the rheological properties and injectability of a calcium phosphate bone substitute material (2005)

An injectable calcium phosphate bone substitute material has been prepared by mixing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (DCPD) for use in noninvasive surgery, and the influence of additives, such as disodium hydrogen phosphate, polyethylene glycol (PEG), glycerin, and citric acid, on the rheological properties and injectability of the ACP + DCPD cement system have been studied in this work. Novel approach of thixotropy measurement has been used to characterize the stability of the pastes. The results show that the injectability and the setting time can be augmented by the addition of disodium phosphate solution to the paste but reduced by the addition of PEG 200, glycerin, or citric acid to the paste. This study suggests that the injectability and the setting time of the ACP + DCPD bone substitute material can be balanced, and the injectable calcium phosphate bone substitute material with satisfied fluidity and injectability for clinical operation can be prepared by optimizing the additives and their concentrations, according to different clinical requirements.
High-Performance Transparent Barrier Films of SiO[sub x]∕SiN[sub x] Stacks on Flexible Polymer Substrates (2006)

A transparent barrier structure consisting of silicon oxide stacks was deposited on a polycarbonate substrate at 80°C by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. Details of radio-frequency (rf) power effects on the and film properties in terms of etching rate, refractive index, internal stress, and water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) were investigated. It was found that the impermeability, flexibility, and optical property of the barrier films can be tailored by varying the rf power. A gradual decrease in the compressive internal stress of each stack film was designed to prevent the stress-induced cracks during the multilayer deposition process. The WVTR value of the optimum barrier structure ( + 6 pairs of ) can reduce to under a calcium test (100 days at , 40% relative humidity). After 5000 cyclic bending tests in a compressive mode, the WVTR value can keep below . The performance of the barrier stacks presented has high potential for future flexible electronics applications.
InGaAs/InP quantum wires grown on silicon with adjustable emission wavelength at telecom bands (2018)

We report the growth of vertically stacked InGaAs/InP quantum wires on (001) Si substrates with adjustable room-temperature emission at telecom bands. Based on a self-limiting growth mode in selective area metal-organic chemical vapor deposition, crescent-shaped InGaAs quantum wires with variable dimensions are embedded within InP nano-ridges. With extensive transmission electron microscopy studies, the growth transition and morphology change from quantum wires to ridge quantum wells (QWs) have been revealed. As a result, we are able to decouple the quantum wires from ridge QWs and manipulate their dimensions by scaling the growth time. With minimized lateral dimension and their unique positioning, the InGaAs/InP quantum wires are more immune to dislocations and more efficient in radiative processes, as evidenced by their excellent optical quality at telecom-bands. These promising results thus highlight the potential of combining low-dimensional quantum wire structures with the aspect ratio trapping process for integrating III-V nano-light emitters on mainstream (001) Si substrates.
Adaptive parameter identification method and state of charge estimation of Lithium Ion battery (2014)

Lithium ion (li-ion) battery state of charge (SOC) estimation is a key function of battery management system and critical for the reliable and secure operations of batteries. Based on the RC equivalent circuit model (ECM) of li-ion battery, variable forgetting factor recursive least square (VFFRLS) adopted as an adaptive parameter identification method is suited to the nonlinear and time varying parameter battery model identification. Extended Kalman filter (EKF) technique is often used as the SOC estimation algorithm, in order to improve the estimation accuracy, an alternative nonlinear Kalman filter technique known as cubature Kalman filter (CKF) is then employed. The experimental results show that the CKF algorithm outperforms EKF in the li-ion battery estimation application with the maximum error being less than 2.3%.
Negative surface charge near sodium channels of nerve: divalent ions, monovalent ions, and pH (1975)

Evidence is given for a high density of negative surface charge near the sodium channel of myelinated nerve fibres. The voltage dependence of peak sodium permeability is measured in a voltage clamp. The object is to measure voltage shifts in sodium activation as the following external variables are varied: divalent cation concentration and type, monovalent concentration, and pH. With equimolar substitution of divalent ions the order of effectiveness for giving a positive shift is: Ba equals Sr less than Mg less than Ca less than Co approximately equal to Mn less than Ni less than Zn. A tenfold increase of concentration of any of these ions gives a shift of +20 to +25 mV. At low pH, the shift with a tenfold increase in Ca-2+ is much less than at normal pH, and conversely for high pH. Soulutions with no added divalent ions give a shift of minus 18 mV relative to 2 mM Ca-2+. Removal of 7/8 of the cations from the calcium-free solution gives a further shift of minue 35 mV. All shifts are explained quantitatively by assuming that changes in an external surface potential set up by fixed charges near the sodium channel produce the shifts. The model involves a diffuse double layer of counterions at the nerve surface and some binding of H+ions and divalent ions to the fixed charges. Three types of surface groups are postulated: (1) an acid pKa equals 2.88 charge density minus 0.9 nm- minus 2; (i) an acid pKa equals 4.58, charge density minus 0.58 nm- minus 2; (3) a base pKa equals 6.28, charge density +0.33 nm- minus 2. The two acid groups also bind Ca-2+ ions with a dissociation constant K equals 28 M. Reasonable agreement can also be obtained with a lower net surface charge density and stronger binding of divalent ions and H+ ions.
Motion Resistant Image-Photoplethysmography Based on Spectral Peak Tracking Algorithm (2018)

Medical fields have seen increasing attention being given to image based heart rate measurement in recent years. One of the major limitations is motion artifacts of subject's head. Although there have been many studies focusing on signal extraction using different parameters and models, the development of frequency domain analysis is emerging slowly and moving in many directions. In the field of contact photoplethysmography (PPG), recent studies employed the acceleration signals to assist their spectral peak tracking algorithms. Inspired by the development of contact PPG, we are proposing a motion resistant spectral peak tracking (MRSPT) framework which eliminates the motion artifacts by integrating facial motion signals. The effectiveness of MRSPT coupled with the optimal image-based PPG (iPPG) signal has been tested against the state-of-the-art spectral peak tracking algorithms, multi-channel spectral matrix decomposition (MC-SMD), and the maximum peak selection coupled with optimal iPPG signal (Optimal MPS). Compared with MC-SMD and Optimal MPS, MRSPT uplifts the success rate-10 (success rate-5), the probability in which the absolute error is below ten (five) beats per mins, from 54.7% (36.3%) with MC-SMD and 73.0% (61.3%) with Optimal MPS to 90.7% (75.7%) with MRSPT in motion scenarios where subject moves arbitrarily with different distance or lighting. MRSPT also enhances the success rate-10 (success rate-5) from 40.7% (26.3%) with MC-SMD and 57.4% (45.7%) with Optimal MPS to 73.4% (58.4%) with MRSPT in all seven motion conditions including driving and running. Averagely, the success rate-five of Optimal MRSPT surpass the success rate-10 of both Optimal MPS and MC-SMD.
A purified MAA-based ELISA is a useful tool for determining anti-MAA antibody titer with high sensitivity (2017)

Atherosclerosis is widely accepted to be a chronic inflammatory disease, and the immunological response to the accumulation of LDL is believed to play a critical role in the development of this disease. 1,4-Dihydropyridine-type MAA-adducted LDL has been implicated in atherosclerosis. Here, we have demonstrated that pure MAA-modified residues can be chemically conjugated to large proteins without by-product contamination. Using this pure antigen, we established a purified MAA-ELISA, with which a marked increase in anti-MAA antibody titer was determined at a very early stage of atherosclerosis in 3-month ApoE-/- mice fed with a normal diet. Our methods of Nε-MAA-L-lysine purification and purified antigen-based ELISA will be easily applicable for biomarker-based detection of early stage atherosclerosis in patients, as well as for the development of an adduct-specific Liquid Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry-based quantification of physiological and pathological levels of MAA.
Vaccine-Induced Immunogenicity and Protection Against<i>Pneumocystis</i>Pneumonia in a Nonhuman Primate Model of HIV and<i>Pneumocystis</i>Coinfection (2016)

These data support the concept that stimulation of preexisting immunological memory to Pneumocystis with a recombinant KEX1 vaccine prior to immunosuppression induces durable memory responses and protection in the context of chronic, complex immunosuppression.
Insulin-like Growth Factor-1 Improves Survival in Sepsis via Enhanced Hepatic Bacterial Clearance (2008)

These studies show that the decline in IGF-1 levels in sepsis is related to bacterial clearance and that replacement of IGF-1 in a murine model of sepsis improves overall survival.
Glutathione: Systemic Protectant Against Oxidative and Free Radical Damage (1997)

The tripeptide thiol glutathione (GSH) has facile electron-donating capacity, linked to its sulfhydryl (—SH) group. Glutathione is an important water-phase antioxidant and essential cofactor for antioxidant enzymes; it provides protection also for the mitochondria against endogenous oxygen radicals. Its high electron-donating capacity combined with its high intracellular concentration endows GSH with great reducing power, which is used to regulate a complex thiol-exchange system (—SH —S-S—). This functions at all levels of cell activity, from the relatively simple (circulating cysteine/— SH thiols, ascorbate, other small molecules) to the most complex (cellular —SH proteins). Glutathione is homeostatically controlled, both inside the cell and outside. Enzyme systems synthesize it, utilize it, and regenerate it as per the gamma-glutamyl cycle. Glutathione is most concentrated in the liver (10 mM), where the “P450 Phase II” enzymes require it to convert fat-soluble substances into water-soluble GSH conjugates, in order to facilitate their excretion. While providing GSH for their specific needs, the liver parenchymal cells export GSH to the outside, where it serves as systemic source of —SH/reducing power. GSH depletion leads to cell death, and has been documented in many degenerative conditions. Mitochondrial GSH depletion may be the ultimate factor determining vulnerability to oxidant attack. Oral ascorbate helps conserve GSH; cysteine is not a safe oral supplement, and of all the oral GSH precursors probably the least flawed and most cost-effective is NAC (N-acetylcysteine). (Alt Med Rev 1997; 2(3):155-176)
Fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, and myofascial pain syndrome (2001)

The prevalence of chronic widespread pain in the general population in Israel was comparable with reports from the USA, UK, and Canada. Comorbidity with fibromyalgia (FM) resulted in somatic hyperalgesia in patients with irritable bowel syndrome. One sixth of the subjects with chronic widespread pain in the general population were also found to have a mental disorder. Mechanisms involved in referred pain, temporal summation, muscle hyperalgesia, and muscle pain at rest were attenuated by the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) antagonist, ketamine, in FM patients. Delayed corticotropin release, after interleukin-6 administration, in FM was shown to be consistent with a defect in hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone neural function. The basal autonomic state of FM patients was characterized by increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic systems tones. The severity of functional impairment as assessed by the Medical Outcome Survey Short Form (SF-36) discriminated between patients with widespread pain alone and FM patients. Chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS) occurred in about 0.42% of a random community-based sample of 28,673 adults in Chicago, Illinois. A significant clinical overlap between CFS and FM was reported. Cytokine dysregulation was not found to be a singular or dominant factor in the pathogenesis of CFS. A favorable outcome of CFS in children was reported; two thirds recovered and resumed normal activities. No major therapeutic trials in FM and CFS were reported over the past year.
Focused-ion-beam micromachined AlGaAs semiconductor laser mirrors (1986)

A V-channel substrate inner stripe diode laser with conventional cleaved facet mirrors has been modified by micro-machining with a focused ion beam to produce a smooth machined output mirror with no change in its lasing threshold and only a small decrease in its external differential quantum efficiency.
Visual Issues In The Use Of A Head-Mounted Monocular Display (1989)

A miniature display device, recently available commercially, is aimed at providing a portable, inexpensive means of visual information communication. The display is head-mounted in front of one eye with the other eye's view of the environment unobstructed. Various visual phenomena are associated with this design. The consequences of these phenomena for visual safety, comfort, and efficiency of the user were evaluated: (1) The monocular, partially occluded mode of operation interrupts binocular vision. Presenting disparate images to each eye results in binocular rivalry. The two images may appear superimposed, with one image perceived with greater clarity or com letely dominant. Most observers can, use the display comfortably in this rivalrous mode. In many cases, it is easier to use the display in a peripheral position, slightly above or below the line of sight, thus permitting normal binocular vision of the environment. (2) As a head-mounted device, the displayed image is perceived to move during head movements due to the response of the vestibulo-ocular reflex. These movements affect the visibility of small letters during active head rotations and sharp accelerations. Adaptation is likely to reduce this perceived image motion. No evidence for postural instability or motion sickness was noted as a result of these conflicts between vis-ual and vestibular inputs. (3) Small displacements of the image are noted even without head motion, resulting from eye movements and the virtual lack of display persiste ce. These movements are noticed sponta e ously by few observers and are unlikely to interfere with the display use in most tasks.
Extraction of volume-produced H− ions (1985)

The results of an investigation on the extraction of volume-produced H− ions from several plasma sources, characterized by different magnetic multicusp configurations, as well as from a plasma source with no magnetic containment field, are presented. In all these configurations the extracted negative ion current can be increased and the electron current reduced by a suitable choice of the plasma electrode area and positive bias and of the extraction aperture area. This indicates that the variation of the extracted negative ion current due to the plasma electrode bias is an electrostatic effect. A significant effect of the plasma electrode bias upon the electron density and temperature is only observed in the neighborhood of the plasma electrode, while in the plasma center the negative ion and electron density are unaffected.
<title>Sunlight-viewable electroluminescent displays for military applications</title> (1994)

Direct and reflected sunlight on open canopy crew stations can reduce perceived contrast below acceptable levels. A contrast ratio of 4 to 1 or greater in the ambient illumination is required for good discemability. Achieving this level of performance requires that background reflections off the display screen be suppressed while maintaining adequate light output levels from the display. Over the years, the display device which has enjoyed the most widespread use in cockpits is the cathode ray tube (CRT). However, reflected light from a CRT phosphor is typically 90% and light output levels of over 7000fL coupled with high attenuation optical filters are required for high ambient viewability. The resultant power consumption, short operating life and poor form factor have left much room for improvement.
Subacute spongiform encephalopathy (Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease) with amyloid angiopathy. (1985)

A case is reported of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease associated with amyloid infiltration of cerebral vessels. The duration of progressive dementia was only 4 months. Neuritic plaques were not a feature of the pathology. This report emphasises the association of spongiform encephalopathy with the presence of amyloid in the brain.
Absorption Spectra of Sensitizing Dyes Adsorbed to Silver Bromide and to Silver Iodobromide (1974)

The reflectance spectra have been obtained for three thiacarbocyanine dyes adsorbed to silver bromide emulsion crystals having either 111 or 100 faces. The effects of digestion, crystal face, incorporated iodide, and the adsorbed organic stabilizer 2-methylthio-4-hydroxy-6-methyl-I,3,3a,7-tetraazaindene, on dye aggregation have been measured.On 111 faces the dyes form conventional M-, H- and J-bands, but the results are complex as the bands are extremely sensitive to changes in conditions: they are dependent on iodide, stabilizer and the time of addition of dye in relation to digestion. Digestion or incorporated iodide enhances J-aggregation, and iodide gives the J-aggregate a bathochromic shift of 5-10 nm. Both these effects can be explained by postulating that the 111 face is relatively rough, and has nucleation centres which initiate dye aggregation. Iodide provides particularly good nucleation centres.By contrast, on 100 faces the dye aggregation is simple in that the dyes form only two main peaks (517 nm and 595 nm), and these are unaffected by any of the variables mentioned above. The relative heights of the two peaks are also unaffected by changes in the dye concentration. The assignment of the peaks on this surface is more difficult but they are consistent with a herringbone structure for the dye aggregate with two molecules per unit cell.
Targeting GM-CSF in COVID-19 Pneumonia: Rationale and Strategies (2020)

COVID-19 is a clinical syndrome ranging from mild symptoms to severe pneumonia that often leads to respiratory failure, need for mechanical ventilation, and death. Most of the lung damage is driven by a surge in inflammatory cytokines [interleukin-6, interferon-γ, and granulocyte-monocyte stimulating factor (GM-CSF)]. Blunting this hyperinflammation with immunomodulation may lead to clinical improvement. GM-CSF is produced by many cells, including macrophages and T-cells. GM-CSF-derived signals are involved in differentiation of macrophages, including alveolar macrophages (AMs). In animal models of respiratory infections, the intranasal administration of GM-CSF increased the proliferation of AMs and improved outcomes. Increased levels of GM-CSF have been recently described in patients with COVID-19 compared to healthy controls. While GM-CSF might be beneficial in some circumstances as an appropriate response, in this case the inflammatory response is maladaptive by virtue of being later and disproportionate. The inhibition of GM-CSF signaling may be beneficial in improving the hyperinflammation-related lung damage in the most severe cases of COVID-19. This blockade can be achieved through antagonism of the GM-CSF receptor or the direct binding of circulating GM-CSF. Initial findings from patients with COVID-19 treated with a single intravenous dose of mavrilimumab, a monoclonal antibody binding GM-CSF receptor α, showed oxygenation improvement and shorter hospitalization. Prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are ongoing. Anti-GM-CSF monoclonal antibodies, TJ003234 and gimsilumab, will be tested in clinical trials in patients with COVID-19, while lenzilumab received FDA approval for compassionate use. These trials will help inform whether blunting the inflammatory signaling provided by the GM-CSF axis in COVID-19 is beneficial.
Permanent protection of information systems with method of automated security and integrity control (2010)

Information security is very important nowadays. Every IT system needs protection mechanisms for stability and safety of work. To solve this task, there are proposed a variety of security-providing solutions, but most of them are very expensive and non-systematic. The paper discusses up-to-date techniques implemented for security aims and addresses to the technique of security control based on settings monitoring of variable program components of the trusted information environment. There is proposed a formal basis of security control based on finding the security settings which provide the system with stability and integrity. The specified technique allows proposing a schema of dynamic Security and Integrity Control System which provides an automated process of security assurance and management. These security control technique and system extend security-relevant approaches making security reachable, permanent, and effective.