gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The role of low-molecular-weight oxidized materials in the adhesion properties of corona-treated polypropylene film (2003)

Abstract The effects of low-molecular-weight oxidized materials generated by corona treatment on the adhesion properties of polypropylene (PP) film were investigated by adhering four different materials to the modified PP: a polyamide printing ink, vapor-coated aluminum, a synthetic-rubber pressure-sensitive adhesive, and an acrylate-based pressure-sensitive adhesive. The low-molecularweight materials enhanced the adhesion of the ink and acrylate-based material, but hindered the adhesion of the metal and the rubber-based adhesive. This seemingly contradictory adhesion behavior can be readily explained using the principles outlined by Brewis and Briggs in the 1980s. Keywords: Adhesioncorona treatmentlow-molecular-weight materialweak boundary layerpolypropylene.
The puzzle of Australian union decline (1996)

In the last 15 years, unionization rates in Australia dropped from more than 50% of the employed labor force to less than 40%-the lowest level of union organization since the 1930s. In contrast to western European trends, Australian unions declined while collective bargaining became more centralized and the Labor Party enjoyed unprecedented electoral success. Changes in the industrial or occupational structure account for little of the union decline. Analysis of social survey data suggests that narrowing differences in union ization across occupations and sectors accompany shrinking membership. Results also show that the gap in union organizing is growing between the young and middle-aged and workers in small and large firms. These develop ments are interpreted in the light of shifting institutional, work, and market conditions in the Australian economy.
Precise current sharing control for multi‐channel LED driver based on switch‐controlled capacitor (2016)

A switch‐controlled capacitor (SCC)‐based driver circuit is proposed for current sharing of multi‐channel light‐emitting diode (LED). The proposed circuit includes a transformer primary side and several secondary sides. Each secondary side as an independent unit includes an SCC module, a resonant inductor and an H‐bridge to power two‐channel LEDs. Two output channels within a capacitor unit achieve current sharing due to charging or discharging balance of SCC module. Since the current in each capacitor unit can be regulated independently, the proposed topology is accommodated with more units. The current sharing among different capacitor units can be realised by the adjustment of SCC module; therefore, the dimming also can be accomplished for multi‐channel LEDs. The operating cycles of SCC module, the working mode and simplified equivalent circuit are analysed in detail. The relations of LED current versus the equivalent capacitance are examined. The performance is evaluated by four‐channel prototype with input voltage of 48 V and rated power of 20 W. The output current is regulated from 180 to 350 mA per LED channel. The experimental results further prove that the proposed topology can effectively achieve current sharing of two LED channels, current sharing of four‐channel LED and independent dimming.
A distributed, loop-free, shortest-path routing algorithm (2003)

A new distributed algorithm for the dynamic computation of the shortest paths in a computer network is presented, validated, and analyzed. According to this algorithm, each node maintains the lengths of the shortest path to each network destination and a feasibility vector. Update messages from a node are sent only to its neighbors; each such message contains one or more entries, and each entry specifies the length of the selected path to a network destination, and whether the node requires internodal coordination. The algorithms extends the Jaffe-Moss routing algorithm by allowing nodes to choose new successors to destinations with no need for internodal coordination if the new successors are considered to be at most at the same distance as the current successors. The algorithm is shown to converge in a finite time after an arbitrary sequence of topological changes, to be loop-free at every instant (independently of the delays in the network) and to outperform other previously proposed loop-free, shortest-path algorithms from the standpoint of combined temporal, message, and storage complexities.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Detection of Winding Radial Deformation in Power Transformers by Confocal Microwave Imaging (2014)

In this article, a new bi-static method for the detection and determination of magnitude and location of winding radial deformation in power transformers has been proposed. In this method, which is based on confocal microwave imaging, a ultra-wideband transceiver is utilized to emit a short pulse toward the transformer winding and determine its reflection at several points along a linear path. The measured signals are then processed to obtain a 2D image of the winding. The effectiveness of this algorithm for radial deformation is demonstrated through four different experiments. The resultant image provides satisfactory information of the magnitude and position of the radial deformation in transformer.
Learning the Sampling Pattern for MRI (2020)

The discovery of the theory of compressed sensing brought the realisation that many inverse problems can be solved even when measurements are "incomplete". This is particularly interesting in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), where long acquisition times can limit its use. In this work, we consider the problem of learning a sparse sampling pattern that can be used to optimally balance acquisition time versus quality of the reconstructed image. We use a supervised learning approach, making the assumption that our training data is representative enough of new data acquisitions. We demonstrate that this is indeed the case, even if the training data consists of just 7 training pairs of measurements and ground-truth images; with a training set of brain images of size 192 by 192, for instance, one of the learned patterns samples only 35% of k-space, however results in reconstructions with mean SSIM 0.914 on a test set of similar images. The proposed framework is general enough to learn arbitrary sampling patterns, including common patterns such as Cartesian, spiral and radial sampling.
A statistical semantic language model for source code (2013)

Recent research has successfully applied the statistical n-gram language model to show that source code exhibits a good level of repetition. The n-gram model is shown to have good predictability in supporting code suggestion and completion. However, the state-of-the-art n-gram approach to capture source code regularities/patterns is based only on the lexical information in a local context of the code units. To improve predictability, we introduce SLAMC, a novel statistical semantic language model for source code. It incorporates semantic information into code tokens and models the regularities/patterns of such semantic annotations, called sememes, rather than their lexemes. It combines the local context in semantic n-grams with the global technical concerns/functionality into an n-gram topic model, together with pairwise associations of program elements. Based on SLAMC, we developed a new code suggestion method, which is empirically evaluated on several projects to have relatively 18-68% higher accuracy than the state-of-the-art approach.
Magnetoresistive Detection of Magnetic Beads Flowing at High Speed in Microfluidic Channels (2009)

An integrated device including microfluidic channels and incorporated magnetoresistive spin valve sensors has been developed and used to detect single magnetic bead motion at cm/s velocities. The sensitivity of the system is high enough to determine the magnetic orientation, the flowing height and the speed of each particle for velocities between 10-23 mm/s and the counting capability of the device is fully working for this range of velocities and below this limit. Sensor signals (between 3-100 muVp-p) correspond to bead moments at different directions indicating a physical rotation of the beads, and a slow response (seconds) of the bead moment to magnetizing field changes. Subsequent magnetic characterization of the micron-sized beads indicates that they are composed of strongly interacting magnetic nanoparticles.
Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub> nanoparticles anchored on nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped carbon nanosheets as highly efficient bifunctional electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution and reduction reactions (2017)

To promote the practical application of electrochemical energy storage and conversion systems, nonprecious electrocatalysts of low cost and with highly efficient performance in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) are highly desired. In this work, a cubic sodium chloride (NaCl) crystal-templated strategy is proposed for coupling Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub> nanoparticles to nitrogen- and sulfur-doped carbon nanosheets (Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub>/N,S-CNS) by facile pyrolysis. The nitrogen and sulfur dual-doped carbon nanosheets can effectively prevent the aggregation of Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub> nanoparticles and greatly improve the conductivity of the hybrid structure. The well-dispersed Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub> nanoparticles could provide more active sites. When evaluated as a bifunctional electrocatalyst, an overpotential of 350 mV could yield 10 mA cm<sup>-2</sup> current density for OER and a high onset potential around 0.90 V vs. RHE was obtained with a four-electron pathway for ORR, which is comparable to that of a Pt/C catalyst. The remarkable electrochemical performance can be attributed to the synergistic catalytic effect of Co<sub>9</sub>S<sub>8</sub> nanoparticles and the N,S-doped carbon nanosheets. Considering the simplicity, low cost and scalability of the approach, the strategy presented here can be extendable to the preparation of other nanoparticles/carbon hybrid nanosheets, which may potentially be applied in the fields of high-performance supercapacitors, lithium-ion batteries, catalysts, sensors, adsorbents and so on.
Synthesis, properties and biomedical applications of hydrolytically degradable materials based on aliphatic polyesters and polycarbonates (2016)

Polyester-based polymers represent excellent candidates in synthetic biodegradable and bioabsorbable materials for medical applications owing to their tailorable properties. The use of synthetic polyesters as biomaterials offers a unique control of morphology, mechanical properties and degradation profile through monomer selection, polymer composition (i.e. copolymer vs. homopolymer, stereocomplexation etc.) and molecular weight. Within this review, the synthetic routes, degradation modes and application of aliphatic polyester- and polycarbonate-based biomaterials are discussed.
<i>Small eye</i> (Sey): a mouse model for the genetic analysis of craniofacial abnormalities (1988)

Small eye (Sey) is a dominant mutation in the mouse affecting the embryonic development of the eyes and nose. In homozygous Sey/Sey embryos, the optic vesicles grow out but there is no lens induction and the nasal pits fail to develop. Scanning electron microscope studies of Sey/Sey embryos show that the maxillary processes develop normally and fuse with ridges of ectoderm in the frontonasal position. In Sey/+ heterozygotes, the vacuolated lens is smaller than normal, and there is folding of the margins of the optic cup and ingrowth of mesodermal cells. Evidence is presented that Sey is not allelic with Coloboma (Cm), another mutation affecting eye development on chromosome 2.
Comparison of helical and cine acquisitions for 4D-CT imaging with multislice CT (2005)

We proposed a data sufficiency condition (DSC) for four-dimensional-CT (4D-CT) imaging on a multislice CT scanner, designed a pitch factor for a helical 4D-CT, and compared the acquisition time, slice sensitivity profile (SSP), effective dose, ability to cope with an irregular breathing cycle, and gating technique (retrospective or prospective) of the helical 4D-CT and the cine 4D-CT on the General Electric (GE) LightSpeed RT (4-slice), Plus (4-slice), Ultra (8-slice) and 16 (16-slice) multislice CT scanners. To satisfy the DSC, a helical or cine 4D-CT acquisition has to collect data at each location for the duration of a breathing cycle plus the duration of data acquisition for an image reconstruction. The conditions for the comparison were 20 cm coverage in the cranial-caudal direction, a 4 s breathing cycle, and half-scan reconstruction. We found that the helical 4D-CT has the advantage of a shorter scan time that is 10% shorter than that of the cine 4D-CT, and the disadvantages of 1.8 times broadening of SSP and requires an additional breathing cycle of scanning to ensure an adequate sampling at the start and end locations. The cine 4D-CT has the advantages of maintaining the same SSP as slice collimation (e.g., 8 x 2.5 mm slice collimation generates 2.5 mm SSP in the cine 4D-CT as opposed to 4.5 mm in the helical 4D-CT) and a lower dose by 4% on the 8- and 16-slice systems, and 8% on the 4-slice system. The advantage of faster scanning in the helical 4D-CT will diminish if a repeat scan at the location of a breathing irregularity becomes necessary. The cine 4D-CT performs better than the helical 4D-CT in the repeat scan because it can scan faster and is more dose efficient.
Multi-path routing and rate allocation for multi-source video on-demand streaming in wireless mesh networks (2011)

We study the multi-source video on-demand application in multi-channel multi-radio wireless mesh networks. When a user initiates a new video request, the application can stream the video not only from the media servers, but also from the peers that have buffered the video. The multi-path multi-source video on-demand streaming has been applied in wired networks with great success. However, it remains a challenging task in wireless networks due to wireless interference. In this paper, we first focus on the problem of finding the maximum number of high-quality and independent paths from the user to the servers or peers for each VoD request by considering the effect of wireless interference. We formulate it as a constrained maximum independent paths problem, and propose two efficient heuristic path discovery algorithms. Based on the multiple paths discovered, we further propose a joint routing and rate allocation algorithm, which minimizes the network congestion caused by the new VoD session. The algorithm is aware of the optimization for both existing and potential VoD sessions in the wireless mesh network. We evaluate our algorithms with real video traces. Simulation results demonstrate that our algorithm not only improves the average video streaming performance over all the coexisting VoD sessions in the network, but also increases the network's capacity of satisfying more subsequent VoD requests.
Multiple genetically modified <scp>GTKO</scp>/<scp>hCD</scp>46/<scp>HLA</scp>‐E/hβ2−mg porcine hearts are protected from complement activation and natural killer cell infiltration during ex vivo perfusion with human blood (2018)

GTKO, hCD46, and HLA-E expression in porcine hearts reduced complement deposition, complement dependent injury, and myocardial NK cell infiltration during perfusion with human blood. This tested combination of genetic modifications may minimize damage from acute human-anti-pig rejection reactions and improve myocardial function after xenotransplantation.
Stable voltage reference sources (1972)

A family of well-regulated voltage references are shown, which are readily integrable for use with emitter-coupled logic, threshold logic, or linear circuit arrays. By relying on the relatively well-matched characteristics and the temperature tracking of integrated transistors and resistor ratios, the circuit can provide a large range of output fractions of the power supply. The relationships of the circuit components for various output voltages are derived. One circuit configuration gives fractions of the power supply of less than /SUP 1///SUB 2/ while another configuration gives fractions of the power supply greater than /SUP 1///SUB 2/. Limitations of the obtainable fractions are given. Experimental results are shown for each of the two basic circuit configurations and the temperature stability is demonstrated. Well-defined stable voltages are thus derived with a minimum of components and power drain.
A Coactivator Role of CARM1 in the Dysregulation of β-Catenin Activity in Colorectal Cancer Cell Growth and Gene Expression (2011)

Aberrant activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling, resulting in the expression of Wnt-regulated oncogenes, is recognized as a critical factor in the etiology of colorectal cancer. Occupancy of β-catenin at promoters of Wnt target genes drives transcription, but the mechanism of β-catenin action remains poorly understood. Here, we show that CARM1 (coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1) interacts with β-catenin and positively modulates β-catenin-mediated gene expression. In colorectal cancer cells with constitutively high Wnt/β-catenin activity, depletion of CARM1 inhibits expression of endogenous Wnt/β-catenin target genes and suppresses clonal survival and anchorage-independent growth. We also identified a colorectal cancer cell line (RKO) with a low basal level of β-catenin, which is dramatically elevated by treatment with Wnt3a. Wnt3a also increased the expression of a subset of endogenous Wnt target genes, and CARM1 was required for the Wnt-induced expression of these target genes and the accompanying dimethylation of arginine 17 of histone H3. Depletion of β-catenin from RKO cells diminished the Wnt-induced occupancy of CARM1 on a Wnt target gene, indicating that CARM1 is recruited to Wnt target genes through its interaction with β-catenin and contributes to transcriptional activation by mediating events (including histone H3 methylation) that are downstream from the actions of β-catenin. Therefore, CARM1 is an important positive modulator of Wnt/β-catenin transcription and neoplastic transformation, and may thereby represent a novel target for therapeutic intervention in cancers involving aberrantly activated Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Multi-Resolution Weak Supervision for Sequential Data (2019)

Since manually labeling training data is slow and expensive, recent industrial and scientific research efforts have turned to weaker or noisier forms of supervision sources. However, existing weak supervision approaches fail to model multi-resolution sources for sequential data, like video, that can assign labels to individual elements or collections of elements in a sequence. A key challenge in weak supervision is estimating the unknown accuracies and correlations of these sources without using labeled data. Multi-resolution sources exacerbate this challenge due to complex correlations and sample complexity that scales in the length of the sequence. We propose Dugong, the first framework to model multi-resolution weak supervision sources with complex correlations to assign probabilistic labels to training data. Theoretically, we prove that Dugong, under mild conditions, can uniquely recover the unobserved accuracy and correlation parameters and use parameter sharing to improve sample complexity. Our method assigns clinician-validated labels to population-scale biomedical video repositories, helping outperform traditional supervision by 36.8 F1 points and addressing a key use case where machine learning has been severely limited by the lack of expert labeled data. On average, Dugong improves over traditional supervision by 16.0 F1 points and existing weak supervision approaches by 24.2 F1 points across several video and sensor classification tasks.
General mechanism for the bacterial toxicity of hypochlorous acid: abolition of ATP production (1989)

The adenylate energy charges (EC) of Escherichia coli 25922, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 27853, and Streptococcus lactis 7962 rapidly fell in nutrient-rich media from values in excess of 0.9 to below 0.1 when the organisms were exposed to lethal levels of HOCl. The same cells maintained in energy-depleted states were incapable of attaining normal EC values necessary for biosynthesis and growth when challenged with nutrient energy sources after HOCl exposure. These changes correlated quantitatively with loss of replicative capabilities. Initial rates of transport of glucose, succinate, and various amino acids that act as respiratory substrates and the ATP hydrolase activity of the F1 complex from the ATP synthase of E. coli 25922 also declined in parallel with or preceded loss of viability. These results establish that cellular death is accompanied by complete disruption of bacterial ATP production by both oxidative and fermentative pathways as a consequence of inhibition of inner membrane bound systems responsible for these processes.
Antibodies against a nonapeptide of polyomavirus middle T antigen: cross-reaction with a cellular protein(s) (1983)

Antibodies were raised against the sequence Glu-Glu-Glu-Glu-Tyr-Met-Pro-Met -Glu, which represents a part of the middle T antigen of polyomavirus that is considered to be important in inducing the phenotype of transformed cells. The antibodies reacted with native as well as denatured middle T antigens. In addition, the antibodies immunoprecipitated a cellular protein with an apparent molecular weight of 130,000 (130K) from mouse and rat cells. In some cases, a 33K protein was also immunoprecipitated. Immunoprecipitation of middle T antigen as well as 130K and 33K proteins was blocked by the peptide. The antibodies labeled microfilaments of untransformed mouse, rat, human, and chicken cells by immunofluorescence. This labeling was also blocked by the peptide. The labeling pattern and distribution under a variety of conditions were indistinguishable from those of anti-actin antibodies, although no evidence has been obtained to indicate that the anti-peptide antibodies react with actin. The 130K protein migrated in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis slightly slower than chicken gizzard vinculin (130K) and slightly faster than myosin light-chain kinase of chicken smooth muscle (130K). Neither of these proteins absorbed the anti-peptide antibodies. The 33K protein does not seem to be tropomyosin (32K to 40K).
Osmotic Activation of the HOG MAPK Pathway via Ste11p MAPKKK: Scaffold Role of Pbs2p MAPKK (1997)

Exposure of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae to high extracellular osmolarity induces the Sln1p-Ypd1p-Ssk1p two-component osmosensor to activate a mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase cascade composed of the Ssk2p and Ssk22p MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs), the Pbs2p MAPKK, and the Hog1p MAPK. A second osmosensor, Sho1p, also activated Pbs2p and Hog1p, but did so through the Ste11p MAPKKK. Although Ste11p also participates in the mating pheromone-responsive MAPK cascade, there was no detectable cross talk between these two pathways. The MAPKK Pbs2p bound to the Sho1p osmosensor, the MAPKKK Ste11p, and the MAPK Hog1p. Thus, Pbs2p may serve as a scaffold protein.