gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distorted grating wavefront sensor and ophthalmic applications (2005)

Kestrel Corporation has previously demonstrated that the Distorted Grating Wavefront Sensor (DGWFS) can successfully reconstruct wavefronts in severely scintillated conditions, and has an ongoing experiment investigating aberrations in the eye using a DGWFS. Existing aberrometers cannot accurately reconstruct wavefronts when large amounts of scattering or scintillation are present and so cannot be used with subjects who have conditions such as cataracts (opacification of the ocular lens). Consequently a large proportion of the population cannot utilize today's diagnostic aberrometers and so do not benefit from otherwise available treatments. As previously reported, a DGWFS has been integrated into an Shack-Hartmann based aberrometer provided by the International Laser Center, Moscow State University, however several issues became apparent regarding data collection from the human eye. Results from laboratory experiments intended to investigate and resolve these data collection issues will be discussed.
The Study to Understand Mortality and Morbidity in COPD (SUMMIT) study protocol (2012)

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) often coexists with other chronic diseases and comorbidities that can markedly influence patients' health status and prognosis. This is particularly true for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, there have been no trials assessing the effect of COPD medications on CVD in patients with both diseases. The "Study to Understand Mortality and Morbidity in COPD" (SUMMIT) aims at determining the impact of fluticasone furoate/vilanterol combination and the individual components on the survival of patients with moderate COPD and either a history of CVD or at increased risk for CVD. SUMMIT is a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial of 16 000 patients with moderate COPD randomly assigned to once daily treatment with fluticasone furoate/vilanterol (100/25 μg), fluticasone furoate (100 μg), vilanterol (25 μg) or matched placebo; mortality is the primary end-point. The study is an event-driven trial powered by the comparison of furoate/vilanterol versus placebo. Secondary end-points are decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s and effect on a composite cardiovascular end-point. This article describes the design of the SUMMIT study.
Investigation of Applied Forces in Alphanumeric Keyboard Work (1994)

Abstract This paper considers one way that occupational health professionals can assess the force exerted by keyboard users and the possible relationship between that force and the key force-displacement relationship. First, three personal-computer keyboards with the standard QWERTY layouts were tested as described by the American National Standard for Human Factors Engineering of Visual Display workstations (ANSI/HFS 100-1988) to determine the peak forces, 0.47–0.89N; displacements prior to the "breakaway" force that acknowledges key registration, 2.0–2.5 mm; and total key travel, 3.3–4.3 mm. Second, keyboard reaction forces were recorded while 10 subjects typed 4 alphanumeric sentences on the keyboards. It was found that the peak forces corresponding to each keystroke were 2.5 to 3.9 times the required activation forces, indicating that the subjects consistently displaced the keys to their limits. The average of the peak forces for all keystrokes was lowest for the keyboard with the lowest required activation force. It was concluded that keyboard reaction forces can be used as an index of finger forces for keying tasks. Further studies are necessary to evaluate the relationship between keyboard reaction forces, fatigue, and chronic muscle, tendon, and nerve disorders.
Format Description and Evaluation of the 22.5 GB Digital-Video-Recording Disc (2001)

We describe the format of the 22.5 GB rewritable digital-video-recording (DVR) system. The format is based on an objective lens with a high numerical aperture (NA=0.85), a thin cover layer (0.100 mm thick), and a blue-laser diode (λ=405 nm). We discuss experimental verification of the format and possible future extensions. The DVR system is well suited to be the basis of a third-generation optical-recording family for high-definition video recording.
Adduct removal from methanofullerenes via reductive electrochemistry (2000)

Electrochemical reduction of different spiromethanofullerenes leads to adduct removal, opening the way to new protecting–deprotecting groups in fullerene chemistry.
Quaternary ammonium tetrakis(diperoxotungsto)phosphates(3-) as a new class of catalysts for efficient alkene epoxidation with hydrogen peroxide (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTQuaternary ammonium tetrakis(diperoxotungsto)phosphates(3-) as a new class of catalysts for efficient alkene epoxidation with hydrogen peroxideCarlo Venturello and Rino D'AloisioCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 7, 1553–1557Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00242a041https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00242a041research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2751Altmetric-Citations364LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
LncRNA GLCC1 promotes colorectal carcinogenesis and glucose metabolism by stabilizing c-Myc (2019)

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the role of lncRNAs in CRC metabolism, especially glucose metabolism remains largely unknown. In this study, we identify a lncRNA, GLCC1, which is significantly upregulated under glucose starvation in CRC cells, supporting cell survival and proliferation by enhancing glycolysis. Mechanistically, GLCC1 stabilizes c-Myc transcriptional factor from ubiquitination by direct interaction with HSP90 chaperon and further specifies the transcriptional modification pattern on c-Myc target genes, such as LDHA, consequently reprogram glycolytic metabolism for CRC proliferation. Clinically, GLCC1 is associated with tumorigenesis, tumor size and predicts poor prognosis. Thus, GLCC1 is mechanistically, functionally, and clinically oncogenic in colorectal cancer. Targeting GLCC1 and its pathway may be meaningful for treating patients with colorectal cancer.
One-Step site-directed mutagenesis of ATM cDNA in large (20kb) plasmid constructs (2002)

In vitro mutagenesis of large genes has proven to be difficult for a number of reasons, including the number of steps involved and the instability of large inserts. We describe here a single-step PCR method to introduce mutations into an ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM) gene cDNA construct (20 kb). This involved several modifications of the Stratagene QuikChange Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit. Four sites implicated in the function of ATM were mutagenised in a 20 kb plasmid, improving upon existing methods capable of mutagenesis in DNA constructs up to 13 kb, while maintaining a high efficiency of mutagenesis (85-100%). This approach makes it possible to introduce multiple mutations into large cDNA for structural/functional studies.
A meta-analysis of the effect of lowering serum levels of GH and IGF-I on mortality in acromegaly (2008)

Clinicians treating acromegalic patients should aim for random serum GH <2.5 microg/l measured by RIA (probably <1 microg/l measured by modern sensitive immunoassay) and normal serum IGF-I values, to restore the elevated mortality of the condition to normal levels.
Localization of biologically important regions on toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (1996)

Toxic shock syndrome toxin 1 (TSST-1) contains a long central alpha helix that forms the base of two grooves on opposite sides of the molecule. Previous studies indicated that residues 132, 135, and 140 along the back of the central alpha helix are important in the biological activities. We made mutations of additional central alpha-helix residues exposed along this groove on the back of TSST-1. The proteins were purified, shown not to have gross alteration in structure, and tested for both superantigenicity and ability to elicit lethal TSS, using the superantigenicity, likely to because of alteration in T-cell receptor binding. Mutants H135A, Q136A, and E132K/ Q136K lost the ability to induce lethal TSS. The mutant Q136A was most increasing because it was superantigenic, yet nonlethal.
New type of lenses based upon left-handed materials (2002)

New type of lenses which are a slab of a left-handed material embedded into a regular material is proposed. These two materials should have equal refractive indices. Lenses with a focal length larger than the width of the slab can be constructed. These lenses should be easier to make than the well known Veselago lens, because the materials of the Veselago lens should obey an additional matching condition. Lenses of new type have multiple foci and might be useful for the 3D imaging.
Antiplatelet therapy: thrombin receptor antagonists (2010)

Activated platelets stimulate thrombus formation in response to rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque or endothelial cell erosion, promoting atherothrombotic disease. Multiple pathways contribute to platelet activation. Aspirin, an irreversible inhibitor of thromboxane A2 synthesis, in combination with clopidogrel, an inhibitor of P2Y(12) adenosine diphosphate platelet receptors, represent the current standard-of-care of antiplatelet therapy for patients with acute coronary syndrome and for those undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Although these agents have demonstrated significant clinical benefit, the increased risk of bleeding and the recurrence of thrombotic events represent substantial limitations. Thrombin is one of the most important platelet activators. The inhibition of protease-activated receptor 1 showed a good safety profile in preclinical studies. In fact, phase II studies with vorapaxar (SCH530348) and atopaxar (E5555) showed no increase of bleeding events in addition to the current standard-of-care of antiplatelet therapy. Although the results of phase III trials for both drugs are awaited, this family is a promising new addition to the current clinical practice for patients with atherothrombotic disease, not only as an alternative, but also as additional therapy.
Fine-grained sentiment analysis with 32 dimensions (2017)

Understanding human's complicated and capricious emotions remains a fundamental challenge. In this paper, we propose a fine-grained sentiment analysis system which classify emotions into 32 categories. For one direction, we cover more detailed emotions and for the other direction, we further measure each emotion with strength, such as describing angry by annoyance, anger and range. Taking Japanese as a test language, we describe our methods of building the training data, of constructing deep neural network classifiers, and of evaluating the models.
Focusing on a line for nonlinear Schrödinger equations in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ (2000)

This paper is devoted to the study of a semi‐classical NLS equation with a small parameter ε in two space dimensions, with oscillating data that are highly oscillating in one direction only, with the aim of modelling geometric optics with a caustic consisting of a line in $\mathbb{R}^{2}$ . We prove that the phenomena encountered are typically one‐dimensional. In order to describe the results, we introduce spaces that make it possible to define scattering operators with a parameter.
Side-Scan Sonar Investigation of Breakwaters at Calumet and Burns Harbors in Southern Lake Michigan (1986)

Side-scan sonar surveys revealed the following features: 1. Many of the wood cribs in the Calumet Harbor breakwater have tilted or have been displaced, and reflections from behind the breakwater indicate gaps and voids. Fan-shaped deposits of coarse rubble on the harbor floor may be debris from the damaged cribs. 2. Both breakwaters are obviously exposed to a dynamic environment, as shown by fields of sand waves and ripples on the lakeward sides. 3. Dramatic sand waves occur in a gap between sections of the Calumet Harbor breakwater and may indicate the movement of a veneer of sand over an essentially clay harbor floor. 4. The Burns Harbor breakwater is purported to have been built on a thick sand mat, yet our data indicates that a featureless clay floor extends to the very base of the structure.
High resolution algorithm based on direct data domain method (2011)

The performance of high resolution algorithms influences the ability of detecting targets for sonar and radar.In this paper,the direct data domain approach with spatial smoothing is studied,which generates nulls in the interference directions.The proposed approach regards real targets as the interferences via adding virtual desired signals to the received data to produce nulls in the real target directions,i.e.use a virtual desired signal in certain direction on the left-side of a beampattern to get a distribution of nulls in the direction of 0°~90°,use a virtual desired signal in certain direction on the right-side of a beampattern to get the distribution of nulls in the direction of-90°~0°.Combining these two charts can get the final output power spectrum under the condition of one snapshot data without knowing sources a priori.The proposed approach can not only get stable high target resolution,but also dispose coherent signals.Numerical simulations verify the validity and capability of the proposed approach.
The Virgin of Guadalupe (1992)

Of the many images of the Virgin Immaculate venerated in Mexico, only the Virgin of Guadalupe has an overarching political significance. This essay will challenge two myths concerning her role as national emblem: first, that her cult spontaneously welded together all the strata of New Spain; and second, that Guadalupe from the sixteenth century on served as a symbol of freedom for the oppressed native populations. Instead, her meaning was reinterpreted for different ruling parties primarily in those times when existing sociopolitical institutions were being reconstituted.
Predicting Binding Free Energies: Frontiers and Benchmarks (2017)

Binding free energy calculations based on molecular simulations provide predicted affinities for biomolecular complexes. These calculations begin with a detailed description of a system, including its chemical composition and the interactions among its components. Simulations of the system are then used to compute thermodynamic information, such as binding affinities. Because of their promise for guiding molecular design, these calculations have recently begun to see widespread applications in early-stage drug discovery. However, many hurdles remain in making them a robust and reliable tool. In this review, we highlight key challenges of these calculations, discuss some examples of these challenges, and call for the designation of standard community benchmark test systems that will help the research community generate and evaluate progress. In our view, progress will require careful assessment and evaluation of new methods, force fields, and modeling innovations on well-characterized benchmark systems, and we lay out our vision for how this can be achieved.
Improved Transient and Steady-State Performances of Series Resonant ZCS High-Frequency Inverter-Coupled Voltage Multiplier Converter with Dual Mode PFM Control Scheme (2003)

The A variety of switched-mode high voltage DC power supplies using voltage-fed type or current-fed type high-frequency transformer resonant inverters using MOS gate bipolar power transistors; IGBTs have been recently developed so far for a medical-use X-ray high power generator. In general, the high voltage high power X-ray generator using voltage-fed high frequency inverter with a high voltage transformer link has to meet some performances such as (i) short rising period in start transient of X-ray tube voltage (ii) no overshoot transient response in tube voltage, (iii) minimized voltage ripple in periodic steady-state under extremely wide load variations and filament heater current fluctuation conditions of the X-ray tube. This paper presents two lossless inductor snubber-assisted series resonant zero current soft switching high-frequency inverter using a diode-capacitor ladder type voltage multiplier called Cockcroft-Walton circuit, which is effectively implemented for a high DC voltage X-ray power generator. This DC high voltage generator which incorporates pulse frequency modulated series resonant inverter using IGBT power module packages is based on the operation principle of zero current soft switching commutation scheme under discontinuous resonant current and continuous resonant current transition modes. This series capacitor compensated for transformer resonant power converter with a high frequency transformer linked voltage boost multiplier can efficiently work a novel selectively-changed dual mode PFM control scheme in order to improve the start transient and steady-state response characteristics and can completely achieve stable zero current soft switching commutation tube filament current dependent for wide load parameter setting values with the aid of two lossless inductor snubbers. It is proved on the basis of simulation and experimental results in which a simple and low cost control implementation based on selectively-changed dual-mode PFM for high-voltage X-ray DC-DC power converter with a voltage multiplier strategy has some specified voltage pattern tracking voltage response performances under rapid rising time and no overshoot in start transient tube voltage as well as the minimized steady-state voltage ripple in tube voltage.
Nucleotide sequence and evolution of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene in maize mitochondria (1984)

The nucleotide sequence of the gene coding for the 18S ribosomal RNA of maize mitochondria has been determined and a model for the secondary structure is proposed. Dot matrix analysis has been used to compare the extent and distribution of sequence similarities of the entire maize mitochondrial 18S rRNA sequence with that of 15 other small subunit rRNA sequences. The mitochondrial gene shows great similarity to the eubacterial sequences and to the maize chloroplast, and less similarity to mitochondrial rRNA genes in animals and fungi. We propose that this similarity is due to a slow rate of nucleotide divergence in plant mtDNA compared to the mtDNA of animals. Sequence comparisons indicate that the evolution of the maize mitochondrial 18S, chloroplast 16S and nuclear 17S ribosomal genes have been essentially independent, in spite of evidence for DNA transfer between organelles and the nucleus.
Scalable Directory Services Using Proactivity (2002)

Common to computational grids and pervasive computing is the need for an expressive, efficient, and scalable directory service that provides information about objects in the environment. We argue that a directory interface that pushes information to clients about changes to objects can significantly improve scalability. This paper describes the design, implementation, and evaluation of the Proactive Directory Service (PDS). PDS interface supports a customizable proactive mode through which clients can subscribe to be notified about changes to their objects of interest. Clients can dynamically tune the detail and granularity of these notifications through filter functions instantiated at the server or at the objects owner, and by remotely tuning the functionality of those filters. We compare PDS performance against off-the-shelf implementations of DNS and the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol. Our evaluation results confirm the expected performance advantages of this approach and demonstrate that customized notification through filter functions can reduce bandwidth utilization while improving the performance of both clients and directory servers.
A 1.8 GHz CMOS quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) using the constant-current LC ring oscillator structure (2002)

A new fully integrated CMOS quadrature voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) realized in a standard 0.5 /spl mu/m double poly double metal (DPDM) CMOS technology is proposed, that combines a fully differential two-stage ring oscillator with LC tanks and negative resistance to provide both in-phase and quadrature output signals. The phase noise is low due to the use of the resonator-type oscillator. The simulation results show that with an on-chip varactor tuned resonator and a control voltage of 0-3 V, the tuning range of the VCO is 160 MHz from 1.67 GHz to 1.83 GHz. Under 1% mismatch of the inductor or capacitor, the phase errors of VCO outputs are less than 1/spl deg/ from perfect quadrature and the amplitude ratio are less than 1.0007. The power dissipation is 35 mW for 3 V power supply. The area is 1.3/spl times/0.9 mm/sup 2/, dominated by the two integrated spiral inductors.
<i>In situ</i>observation of reversible domain switching in aged Mn-doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>BaTiO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>single crystals (2005)

Very recently, a giant recoverable electrostrain effect has been found in aged Fe-doped ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ single crystals; this effect is based on a defect-mediated reversible domain-switching mechanism. However, the reversible domain-switching process itself is yet to be directly verified. In the present study, we performed in situ domain observation during electric field cycling for an aged Mn-doped ${\mathrm{BaTiO}}_{3}$ single crystal and simultaneously measured its polarization $(P)$--field $(E)$ hysteresis loop. In addition, the electrostrain behavior of the sample was also characterized. Such experimentation made it possible to correlate the mesoscopic domain-switching behavior with the macroscopic properties. It was found that the aged sample shows a remarkable reversible domain switching during electric field cycling; it corresponds very well to a ``double'' hysteresis loop and a giant recoverable electrostrain effect (with a maximum strain of 0.4%). This provides direct mesoscopic evidence for our reversible domain-switching mechanism. By contrast, an unaged sample shows irreversible domain-switching behavior during electric field cycling; it corresponds to a normal hysteresis loop and a butterfly-type irrecoverable electrostrain behavior. This indicates that the reversible domain switching in the aged sample is related to point-defect migration during aging. We further found that the large recoverable strain is available over a wide frequency range. This is important for the application of this electrostrain effect.