gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testing MR Safety and Compatibility (2008)

Magnetic resonance (MR) safety and compatibility are important issues for all medical implants, surgical tools, and electronic or mechatronic equipment to be used within an MR environment. MR testing of medical devices is required for device approval by regulatory agencies, such as the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the European Union (EU) Notified Bodies. Different robotic and manipulator systems have been developed for use with MR imaging (MRI). This article provides the reader with a comprehensive overview of MR safety and compatibility issues and updates the discussion on existing MR testing methods with an overview on medical robotic and manipulator devices. These tests will increase the safety of the patient and provide MR operators and device manufacturers with important information and, thus, broaden the field of interventional MRI.
Monolithic 0.35-&#x003BC;m CMOS Cantilever for Mass Sensing in the Attogram Range with Self-Excitation (2007)

A monolithic mass sensor with attogram resolution in air conditions has been fabricated using a conventional 0.35-μm CMOS process. The mass sensor is based on an electrostatically excited resonating sub-micrometer scale cantilever integrated with full custom designed CMOS electronics for sensing purposes and to self-excite the cantilever allowing its use in system-on-chip applications. The devices have been calibrated obtaining an experimental sensitivity of around 6 × 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-11</sup> g/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> Hz equivalent to 0.9 ag/Hz for locally deposited mass. The results reported in this paper represent an improvement from previous works in terms of sensitivity, resolution and fabrication process complexity.
Carbon nanotube-guided thermopower waves (2010)

Thermopower waves are a new concept for the direct conversion of chemical to electrical energy. A nanowire with large axial thermal diffusivity can accelerate a self-propagating reaction wave using a fuel coated along its length. The reaction wave drives electrical carriers in a thermopower wave, creating a high-power pulse of as much as 7 kW/kg in experiments using carbon nanotubes. We review nanomaterials designed to overcome limitations of thermoelectricity and explore the emerging scientific and practical outlook for devices using thermopower waves.
Computerized radiographic mass detection. II. Decision support by featured database visualization and modular neural networks (2001)

Based on the enhanced segmentation of suspicious mass areas, further development of computer-assisted mass detection may be decomposed into three distinctive machine learning tasks: 1) construction of the featured knowledge database; 2) mapping of the classified and/or unclassified data points in the database; and 3) development of an intelligent user interface. A decision support system may then be constructed as a complementary machine observer that should enhance the radiologists performance in mass detection. We adopt a mathematical feature extraction procedure to construct the featured knowledge database from all the suspicious mass sites localized by the enhanced segmentation. The optimal mapping of the data points is then obtained by learning the generalized normal mixtures and decision boundaries, where a is developed to carry out both soft and hard clustering. A visual explanation of the decision making is further invented as a decision support, based on an interactive visualization hierarchy through the probabilistic principal component projections of the knowledge database and the localized optimal displays of the retrieved raw data. A prototype system is developed and pilot tested to demonstrate the applicability of this framework to mammographic mass detection.
Hydrosilylation of allyl glycidyl ether with triethoxysilane (2007)

Hydrosilylation of allyl glycidyl ether with triethoxysilane in presence of Speier’s catalyst leads to triethoxy(3-glycidoxypropyl)silane and triethoxy(2-glycidoxy-1-methylethyl)silane and is accompanied by isomerization of allyl glycidyl ether and cleavage of the oxirane ring and the ether bond. An effect of admixtures in allyl glycidyl ether on the process is revealed. Some other hydrosilylation catalysts and additives to Speier’s catalyst are studied
Short-wave infrared nano-injection imaging sensors (2010)

A novel nano-injection based imaging sensor is presented towards demanding applications in telecommunications, biophotonics, optical tomography, explosives detection and non-destructive material evaluation. The sensor can provide low noise levels concurrently with strong internal amplification, which results in a significant increase in the signal-to-noise levels compared to existing short-wave infrared imagers. The imager arrays are 320-by-256 pixels, with a pixel pitch of 30 μm. Post-hybridization, the imager test pixels shows internal amplification exceeding 2,000 electrons/photon with little excess noise (F~1.5) even at high amplification values. The imager shows a high signal to noise ratio at high frame rates and short integration times. Furthermore, the nano-injection imaging sensor shows significant sensitivity improvement over a high-end commercial short-wave infrared camera at similar settings, which highlights the benefits of implementing nano injection process in imaging sensors.
Nucleic Acids. II. Cytotoxicity Studies with Nucleotides and Dinucleoside Phosphates Containing <i>ara</i>-Cytidine (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNucleic Acids. II. Cytotoxicity Studies with Nucleotides and Dinucleoside Phosphates Containing ara-CytidineCharles G. Smith, Harold H. Buskirk, and William L. LummisCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 5, 774–776Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1967https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00317a004RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views41Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (379 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
A comprehensive analysis of stuff threshold modulation used in clock-rate adaptation schemes (1998)

Clock-rate adaptation circuits of network synchronizers work by controlling the output data rate by pulse stuffing. The technique of stuff threshold modulation (ST-Mod) is one method used to reduce the waiting time jitter produced by pulse stuffing. An expression for the filtered waiting time jitter in the presence of an ST-Mod sequence is present and the selection of a suitable ST-Mod dither sequence for a given set of data transmission conditions is investigated. It is shown that by using either a random ST-Mod sequence or a modified-wave ST-Mod sequence, it is possible to obtain minimal filtered jitter for given synchronizer-desynchronizer characteristics.
Deep Image Demosaicing for Submicron Image Sensors (2019)

Latest trend in image sensor technology allowing submicron pixel size for high-end mobile devices comes at very high image resolutions and with irregularly sampled Quad Bayer color filter array (CFA). Sustaining image quality becomes a challenge for the image signal processor (ISP), namely for demosaicing. Inspired by the success of deep learning approach to standard Bayer demosaicing, we aim to investigate how artifacts-prone Quad Bayer array can benefit from it. We found that deeper networks are capable to improve image quality and reduce artifacts; however, deeper networks can be hardly deployed on mobile devices given very high image resolutions: 24MP, 36MP, 48MP. In this article, we propose an efficient end-to-end solution to bridge this gap—a duplex pyramid network (DPN). Deep hierarchical structure, residual learning, and linear feature map depth growth allow very large receptive field, yielding better details restoration and artifacts reduction, while staying computationally efficient. Experiments show that the proposed network outperforms state of the art for standard and Quad Bayer demosaicing. For the challenging Quad Bayer CFA, the proposed method reduces visual artifacts better than state-of-the-art deep networks including artifacts existing in conventional commercial solutions. While superior in image quality, it is 2‐25 times faster than state-of-the-art deep neural networks and therefore feasible for deployment on mobile devices, paving the way for a new era of on-device deep ISPs.
Beneficial effects of sorafenib on splanchnic, intrahepatic, and portocollateral circulations in portal hypertensive and cirrhotic rats # (2008)

Taking into account the limitations of translating animal study results into humans, we believe that our findings will stimulate consideration of sorafenib as an effective therapeutic agent in patients suffering from advanced portal hypertension.
A Blue Luminescent Star-Shaped ZnII Complex that Can Detect Benzene (2001)

Eine Vorliebe für Benzol: Ein neuartiger lumineszierender, sternförmiger ZnII-Komplex kann zum Nachweis von Benzol verwendet werden, wobei die Fluoreszenzlöschung nach der Bindung von Benzol genutzt wird. Der Komplex hat eine hohe Affinität zu Benzol, die sich auch anhand der Struktur im Kristall demonstrieren lässt (siehe Bild; gelb: Benzol, rot: Zink).
Switched-capacitor bandpass filter based on simulation of canonical reactance sections (1984)

A design method is described for switched-capacitor filters. It is based on the simulation of doubly terminated reactance filters in a canonical tandem section configuration and using the bilinear s-to-z transformation between the frequency planes of the continuous-time reference filter and the discrete-time switched-capacitor filter. The switched-capacitor circuits are completely insensitive to parasitic capacitances. The method permits the switched-capacitor realization of the whole class of lossless two-ports.
Quantification of the effects of thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor and α2-antiplasmin on fibrinolysis in normal human plasma (2006)

Two major proteins that inhibit fibrinolysis include thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI) and alpha2-antiplasmin. Our goal was to quantify the contribution of TAFI and alpha2-antiplasmin to antifibrinolytic defenses with thrombelastography. Plasma activated with tissue factor/kaolin was subjected to fibrinolysis with tissue-type plasminogen activator (100 U/ml). Prior to activation, TAFI activity was inhibited with either potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor (25 microg/ml) or an anti-TAFI antibody, and alpha2-antiplasmin activity was inhibited with an anti-alpha2-antiplasmin antibody. Data were collected for 30 min, with the time of onset and rate of fibrinolysis determined. Compared with uninhibited samples, TAFI inhibition significantly (P < 0.05) decreased the time of onset of fibrinolysis by 70% and increased the rate of lysis by 70%. There was no difference between potato carboxypeptidase inhibitor and anti-TAFI antibody inhibition. Inhibition of alpha2-antiplasmin resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) decreased time of onset (85%) and increased the rate of lysis (557%) compared with uninhibited samples. Inhibition of alpha2-antiplasmin activity resulted in a significantly (P < 0.05) greater fibrinolytic response than TAFI inhibition. In conclusion, utilization of standard inhibitors and thrombelastography permitted quantification of the effects of TAFI and alpha2-antiplasmin on fibrinolysis in plasma. Future investigation of diseases involving hypofibrinolysis (e.g. left ventricular assist devices) could be conducted using this assay system.
Photocurable transparent cycloaliphatic epoxy hybrid materials crosslinked by oxetane (2012)

Abstract Organic/inorganic hybrid materials (hybrimers) were fabricated by the photocationic polymerization of sol–gel‐derived cycloaliphatic epoxy oligosiloxane (CAEO)/oxetane blends. The CAEO/oxetane blends showed faster photocationic polymerization rates compared to a CAEO resin. The CAEO/oxetane hybrimers showed a high crosslinking density and flexibility with the addition of oxetane monomer. The increased crosslinking density improved the insulation properties and lowered their dielectric constant. The CAEO/oxetane hybrimer with a substantial thickness of 2 mm showed high transparency (>90%) in the visible range. On the basis of these properties, the CAEO/oxetane hybrimers could be applied to various applications, including optics and display fields. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Preparation of acrylated agarose‐based hydrogels and investigation of their application as fertilizing systems (2011)

Abstract In this study, we attempt to synthesize novel acrylated agarose (ACAG)‐based hydrogels with three different crosslinking densities. Acrylate groups were inserted onto agarose (AG) backbone through homogeneous reaction of acrylic monomers with AG backbone. Hydrogels were synthesized through radical copolymerization of a mixture of acrylic acid and 2‐hydroxyethyl acrylate with ACAG in aqueous solution using ammonium persulfate as an initiator. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was carried out to confirm the chemical structure of the hydrogel. Moreover, morphology of the samples was assessed by scanning electron microscopy. The equilibrium swelling capacities of synthesized hydrogels were evaluated in various conditions. The absorbency under load and dynamic swelling kinetics of the hydrogels were also studied. Finally, the hydrogels were loaded with potassium nitrate and their potential for controlled release of this salt was investigated by conductimetry. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011.
Edge effects in narrow track recording using symmetric and asymmetric write pole geometries (1994)

At high track densities, the erase band can become a significant part of the written track. The large erase band associated with an asymmetric write pole geometry can reduce data track width and signal amplitude, and quicken the onset of track edge noise, in comparison to a symmetric geometry. The effects of these phenomena on soft error rate performance and off-track capability are investigated in detail. The mechanical texturing of recording media which is necessary for good stiction characteristics can have an undesirable side effect on magnetic performance. A simple technique is described to measure the modulation noise caused by the texture in the substrate. Measurements made on CoPtCr media show a strong connection between the degree of modulation and the error rate.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
ADMET polymerization of bio-based biphenyl compounds (2015)

Bio-based phenols were dimerized and employed as monomers in ADMET polymerization.
Fluorescence spectral classification of iron deficiency anemia and thalassemia (2014)

Thalassemia (Thal), sickle cell anemia, and iron deficiency anemia (IDA) are the most common blood disorders in many parts of the world, particularly in developing countries like India and Bangladesh. The well-established diagnostic procedure for them is the complete blood count (CBC); however, there is substantial confusion in discrimination between Thal and IDA blood samples based on such CBC. We propose a new spectral technique for reliable classification between the above two anemias. This is based on the identification and quantification of a certain set of fluorescent metabolites found in the blood samples of patients of Thal and IDA.
Structural and Biochemical Studies of p73 and RelA Transcription Specificity (2016)

The biochemical mechanisms of transcription specificity in the p53 family and NFkappaB family of transcription factors in the context of DNA sequence recognition are not well-defined. Given the loose consensus of the DNA binding sites recognized by the p53 and NFkappaB family, we investigated the structural and biochemical contributions to DNA sequence recognition. In chapter 2, we show the effects of perturbing a loop feature in the DNA-binding domain of p73 on cooperative binding that is selective for different DNA sequences using x-ray crystallography and fluorescence polarization. This is the first structural evidence of a L1 loop-dependent mechanism of sequence recognition that implicates the role of L1 loop acetylation to selective activation of apoptotic genes. In chapter 3, we continued to investigate the structural mechanism of recognition by crystallizing wild-type p73 DNA-binding domain with a native p53 DNA response element, which showed conserved features of DNA recognition. In the final chapter 4, the effects of mutating a native NFkappaB DNA response element were investigated with RelA using mammalian luciferase assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and in vitro chromatin transcription assay to corroborate the ârulerâ mechanism of recognition observed in crystal structures. The RelA transactivation domain was shown to contribute to sequence specificity that has not been shown before. Together, these studies show structural features that are important in sequence recognition and further refine mechanisms of transcription specificity based on cooperative, multi-domain interactions.
The structure–function relationships of a natural nanoscale photonic device in cuttlefish chromatophores (2014)

Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, possess neurally controlled, pigmented chromatophore organs that allow rapid changes in skin patterning and coloration in response to visual cues. This process of adaptive coloration is enabled by the 500% change in chromatophore surface area during actuation. We report two adaptations that help to explain how colour intensity is maintained in a fully expanded chromatophore when the pigment granules are distributed maximally: (i) pigment layers as thin as three granules that maintain optical effectiveness and (ii) the presence of high-refractive-index proteins-reflectin and crystallin-in granules. The latter discovery, combined with our finding that isolated chromatophore pigment granules fluoresce between 650 and 720 nm, refutes the prevailing hypothesis that cephalopod chromatophores are exclusively pigmentary organs composed solely of ommochromes. Perturbations to granular architecture alter optical properties, illustrating a role for nanostructure in the agile, optical responses of chromatophores. Our results suggest that cephalopod chromatophore pigment granules are more complex than homogeneous clusters of chromogenic pigments. They are luminescent protein nanostructures that facilitate the rapid and sophisticated changes exhibited in dermal pigmentation.
Feature selection for high-dimensional genomic microarray data (2001)

We report on the successful application of feature selection methods to a classification problem in molecular biology involving only 72 data points in a 7130 dimensional space. Our approach is a hybrid of filter and wrapper approaches to feature selection. We make use of a sequence of simple filters, culminating in Koller and Sahami&apos;s (1996) Markov Blanket filter, to decide on particular feature subsets for each subset cardinality. We compare between the resulting subset cardinalities using cross validation. The paper also investigates regularization methods as an alternative to feature selection, showing that feature selection methods are preferable in this problem.
Combination of Allergic Factors Can Worsen Diarrheic Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Role of Barrier Defects and Mast Cells (2011)

In IBS patients, the presence of an allergic background correlates with a more severe disease and diarrhea predominance, possibly by enhancing mucosal MC activation and paracellular permeability.
LIVE STREAMING USING PEER DIVISION MULTIPLEXING (2012)

A Number of commercial peer-to-peer (P2P) systems for live streaming have been introduced in recent years. The behaviour of the popular systems has been extensively studied in several measurement papers. However, these studies have to rely on a “black-box” approach, where packet traces are collected from a single or a limited number of measurement points, to infer various properties of the traffic on the control and data planes. Although, such studies are useful to compared different systems from the end user’s perspective. It is difficult to intuitively understand the observed properties without fully reverseengineering the underlying systems. In this paper, we describe the network architecture of Zattoo, one of the largest production, live streaming providers, in Europe, at the time of writing, and present a large-scale measurement study of zattoo, using data collected by the provider. To highlight we found that even, when the zattoo system was heavily loaded with as high as 20000 concurrent users on a single overlay, the median channel join delay remained less than 2-5 s, and that, for a majority of users, the streamed signal lags over-the-air broadcast signal by more than 3 s.
Structural, functional, and molecular characterization of the SHHF model of heart failure (2002)

Heart failure is a complex multifactorial disease resulting in a myriad of progressive changes at the molecular, cellular, and physiological level. To better understand the mechanisms associated with the development of congestive heart failure, a comprehensive examination of the aging lean male spontaneously hypertensive, heart failure-prone rat (SHHF) was conducted. Myocardial function and structural integrity progressively diminished as evidenced by decreased ejection fraction and increased left ventricular volume measured using echocardiography. Functional and structural changes were accompanied by elevations in circulating inflammatory markers, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), IL-6, and TNF receptors type 1 and 2. Increased systemic inflammatory marker levels were consistent with age-dependent changes in the expression pattern of genes that contribute to stress, inflammation, and the extracellular matrix in SHHF animals analyzed from age 4 to 18 mo. In summary, the SHHF rat shares many hallmark features of the human disease state and represents a key experimental model for the dissection of complex human heart failure pathophysiology.
Characteristics of Limiting Current‐Type Oxygen Sensor (1987)

Characteristics of oxygen sensors based on limiting current behavior of zirconia pumping cells have been investigated. To limit oxygen transport from ambient gas to the cathodes of the zirconia pumping cells, a drilled cover and a porous layer were examined. For the sensor with a diffusion hole of the drilled cover, the limiting current showed a considerable nonlinearity to oxygen concentration in a high oxygen concentration and a temperature dependence as in oxygen‐nitrogen mixtures. This behavior is in good agreement with that expected from a model in which the oxygen transport rate is limited by the diffusion hole. For the sensor with the porous layer, the sensor output indicated a weak temperature dependence and good linearity to oxygen concentration compared with the former sensor. These characteristics can be explained by taking into account the fact that the oxygen diffusion in the porous layer involves both the Knudsen and ordinary molecular diffusion mechanisms.