gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nickel nanocrystal formation on HfO2 dielectric for nonvolatile memory device applications (2005)

This letter presents the formation of nickel nanocrystal on HfO2 high-k dielectric and its application to the nonvolatile memory devices. The effects of the initial nickel layer thickness and annealing temperature on nickel nanocrystal formation are investigated. The n-metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor with nickel nanocrystals and HfO2 tunneling dielectrics is fabricated and its programming, data retention, and endurance properties are characterized to demonstrate its advantages for nonvolatile memory device applications.
Cartilage Tissue Engineering Using Electrospun PCL Nanofiber Meshes and MSCs (2010)

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been recognized for their ability to differentiate into cells of different tissues such as bone, cartilage, or adipose tissue, and therefore are of great interest for potential therapeutic strategies. Adherent, colony-forming, fibroblastic cells were isolated from human bone marrow aspirates, from patients undergoing knee arthroplasties, and the MSCs phenotype characterized by flow cytometry. Afterward, cells were seeded onto electrospun polycaprolactone nanofiber meshes and cultured in a multichamber flow perfusion bioreactor to determine their ability to produce cartilagineous extracellular matrix. Results indicate that the flow perfusion bioreactor increased the chondrogenic differentiation of hBM-MSCs, as confirmed either by morphological and RT-PCR analysis. Cartilage-related genes such as aggrecan, collagen type II, and Sox9 were expressed. ECM deposition was also detected by histological procedures. Collagen type II was present in the samples, as well as collagen type I. Despite no statistically significant values being obtained for gene expression, the other results support the choice of the bioreactor for this type of culture.
Quadrant anode image sensor (1976)

A position-sensitive event-counting electronic readout system for microchannel plates (MCPs) is described that offers the advantages of high spatial resolution and fast time resolution. The technique relies upon a four-quadrant electron-collecting anode located behind the output face of the microchannel plate, so that the electron cloud from each detected event is partly intercepted by each of the four quadrants. The relative amounts of charge collected by each quadrant depend on event position, permitting each event to be localized with two ratio circuits. A prototype quadrant anode system for ion, electron, and extreme ultraviolet imaging is described. The spatial resolution achieved, ?10 μ, allows individual MCP channels to be distinguished.
Preparation of Controlled Porosity Resorcinol Formaldehyde Xerogels for Adsorption Applications (2013)

The synthesis of resorcinol formaldehyde xerogels was investigated by controlling its porosity for potential use as adsorbents for heavy metals removal from industrial wastewater. Resorcinol formaldehyde carbon xerogels were synthesised by sol-gel polymerization of resorcinol (R) with formaldehyde (F) in the presence of sodium carbonate (C) and then vacuum dried. Resorcinol formaldehyde (RF) gels were synthesised at same temperature conditions with varying resorcinol / catalyst (R/C) and resorcinol / water (R/W) ratios. The influence of R/C and R/W ratios on the pore structure of the xerogels was investigated. Surface area and porosity of the resorcinol formaldehyde gels were analysed by physical adsorption (physiosorption) of nitrogen (N2) at 77 K. The result(s) showed an increase in mesoporosity and pore size as R/C ratio increases. At resorcinol / catalyst (R/C) of 200, the pore size and pore volume increased with increase in R/W ratio. From the result, it can be concluded that the resorcinol / catalyst (R/C) and resorcinol / water (R/W) ratios are two contributing factors to determining the pore structure of the xerogels.
Opioid Inhibition of Dopamine Release from Nervous Tissue of<i>Mytilus edulis</i>and<i>Octopus bimaculatus</i> (1981)

Morphine and D-Ala2-Met-enkephalin as well as other opioids suppress potassium-stimulated release of 3H-labeled dopamine from neurons tissue of two marine invertebrates, Mytilus edulis and Octopus bimaculatus. Naloxone reverses the inhibitory effects in both species. Potassium-stimulated release of 3H-labeled serotonin is not altered by opioids. It is postulated that opiate receptors and their endogenous effectors play a prominent role in regulation of transmitter release in invertebrates.
Pressure-Induced Retention Variations in Reversed-Phase Alternate-Pumping Recycle Chromatography (1998)

The progressions of peak width and peak separation in reversed-phase alternate-pumping (AP) recycle chromatography are found to be inconsistent with conventional chromatographic theory. These discrepancies are explained by subtle pressure-induced variations of solute retention that become amplified by AP recycling. The presence of these retention variations is demonstrated by multiply injecting a single solute into an AP system at offset times. As the serially injected peaks are recycled, the separation time between the peaks is shown to vary significantly, indicating that the retention of the solute is dependent upon the position of the peak. A new model of chromatographic retention that appropriately accounts for this variable retention is presented. When this retention model is applied to an AP system for the binary separation of phenylalanine and a pentadeuterated phenylalanine, the model accurately describes the experimentally observed progressions of peak width and peak separation. Furthermore, the retention model predicts that the improvement of resolution in AP recycling closely matches the expectations of conventional theory, so the effectiveness of AP recycling is not significantly compromised by the variations in retention.
Highly flexible all-optical metamaterial absorption switching assisted by Kerr-nonlinear effect (2011)

A three-dimensional metamaterial nanostructure for realizing all-optical absorption switching is proposed and investigated. The structure consists of dual metallic layers for allowing near-perfect absorption due to electric and magnetic resonances, and a nonlinear Kerr-dielectric layer for actively manipulating the nanostructure absorption. The finite-difference time-domain simulation results demonstrate that, by adjusting the incident optical intensity, the metamaterial absorption can be flexibly tuned from near unity to zero. The all-optical absorption switching structure can find potential applications in actively integrated photonic circuits for thermal sensing, photo detecting, and optical imaging.
Design and fabrication of a miniature pressure sensor head using direct bonded ultra-thin silicon wafers (2002)

We have designed and fabricated a miniature pressure sensor head which is formed using an ultrathin silicon wafer (/spl sim/5 /spl mu/m thick) directly bonded to an excimer laser micromachined silicon substrate. The fabrication process features numerous advantages over existing pressure sensor construction technology including a maskless procedure and no chemical or mechanical thinning required to form the membrane after bonding. The pressure sensor head forms part of an optically interrogated device with sensitivity to pressures ranging from 0.5 to 4 MPa, but the design pressure range is easily adjusted by changing the membrane thickness or cavity diameter.
Insecticidal activity of garlic essential oil and their constituents against the mealworm beetle, Tenebrio molitor Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) (2017)

This study evaluated the insecticidal activity of garlic, Allium sativum Linnaeus (Amaryllidaceae) essential oil and their principal constituents on Tenebrio molitor. Garlic essential oil, diallyl disulfide, and diallyl sulfide oil were used to compare the lethal and repellent effects on larvae, pupae and adults of T. molitor. Six concentrations of garlic essential oil and their principal constituents were topically applied onto larvae, pupae and adults of this insect. Repellent effect and respiration rate of each constituent was evaluated. The chemical composition of garlic essential oil was also determined and primary compounds were dimethyl trisulfide (19.86%), diallyl disulfide (18.62%), diallyl sulfide (12.67%), diallyl tetrasulfide (11.34%), and 3-vinyl-[4H]-1,2-dithiin (10.11%). Garlic essential oil was toxic to T. molitor larva, followed by pupa and adult. In toxic compounds, diallyl disulfide was the most toxic than diallyl sulfide for pupa > larva > adult respectively and showing lethal effects at different time points. Garlic essential oil, diallyl disulfide and diallyl sulfide induced symptoms of intoxication and necrosis in larva, pupa, and adult of T. molitor between 20-40 h after exposure. Garlic essential oil and their compounds caused lethal and sublethal effects on T. molitor and, therefore, have the potential for pest control.
Role of CRP in transcription activation at<i>Escherichia coli lac</i>promoter: CRP is dispensable after the formation of open complex (1995)

The role of cAMP receptor protein (CRP) in transcription activation at the Escherichia coli lac promoter was investigated focusing on the steps after the formation of open complex. Although CRP binding to the lac DNA is stabilized in the ternary open complex, a high concentration of heparin dissociates CRP from the open complex without affecting the interaction between RNA polymerase and promoter, resulting in a binary complex. The release of CRP is directly shown by Western blotting and DNase I footprinting. The binary complex exhibits a slightly increased gel mobility compared to the ternary complex. The binary complex retains the characteristics of the open complex in footprinting pattern which is essentially identical with that of the open complex of the lac UV5 promoter. The binary complex is competent for transcription. These results indicate that CRP is not necessary for the maintenance of active open complex. In addition, the removal of CRP does not increase the production of abortive RNAs. We conclude that the contact between CRP and RNA polymerase is not essential for transcription activation after the formation of the open complex at the lac promoter. In other words, the role of CRP in the lac promoter is restricted to the steps up to the formation of open complex.
Lactose, lactic acid and mineral equilibria in Cheddar cheese manufacture (1969)

Summary In experimental small-scale manufacture of Cheddar cheese a study was made of the movement of lactose, lactic acid, calcium and phosphorus between curd and whey, and of the effect of high acidity developed in the curd before whey separation, on the pH and physical properties of the cheese. It was found that while the curd particles remain in contact with the whey, the lactose fermented in the curd is replaced by lactose diffusing from the whey. Lactic acid produced in the curd diffuses into the whey rather slowly. When a high lactic acid level is attained rapidly the curd does not cheddar well, the pH of the cheese is low, the flavour is sour and bitter, the body is crumbly and the cheese is bleached. When a high lactic acid level is reached slowly, the curd also does not cheddar properly but the pH of the cheese may be within normal limits up to 3 weeks, at which age its body is coherent and its colour is normal. However, on maturing, the cheese becomes acid, the body crumbly and liquid separation occurs even at 2 months of age. This points to a risk in grading cheese at an early age. It is suggested that the abnormal behaviour in cheddaring of ‘high-acid’ curds is connected with an excessive loss of calcium. When high acidity is developed over an extended time in the whey, the curd retains more lactose but loses more phosphorus so that its buffering capacity is reduced. Cheese made from such curd becomes highly acid at maturity and this leads to the development of a bitter flavour. It is, therefore, concluded that both the rate of development of acidity, and the time the curd is in the whey, are critical factors in controlling the quality of Cheddar cheese.
Software Metrics: Charting the Course - Guest Editors' Introduction. (1994)

The study was conducted to assess computer-related health problems among post-graduate nursing students and to develop a Self Instructional Module for prevention of computer-related health problems in a selected university situated in Delhi. A descriptive survey with co-relational design was adopted. A total of 97 samples were selected from different faculties of Jamia Hamdard by multi stage sampling with systematic random sampling technique. Among post-graduate students, majority of sample subjects had average compliance with computer-related ergonomics principles. As regards computer related health problems, majority of post graduate students had moderate computer-related health problems, Self Instructional Module developed for prevention of computer-related health problems was found to be acceptable by the post-graduate students.
Plasma etch and low temperature PECVD processes for via reveal applications (2012)

This paper will focus on 300mm etch and CVD technologies for via reveal (VR) processing. Data on silicon etching will show that etch rates >;5μm/min, with uniformity ±2.5% and selectivity to the liner oxide around ~200:1 can be achieved on bonded TSV wafers. A novel end-point detection method will also be presented allowing control of the reveal height. The ability to tune the uniformity from centre fast to edge fast will also be covered. A range of stable, repeatable, dielectric films will be presented having a deposition temperature <;180°C and no moisture uptake. These films will also be shown to have highly conformal via tip coverage and excellent electrical properties, with breakdown voltages >;10 MV/cm and leakage current densities <;1E-9 A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> at 2MV/cm.
On antenna- and frequency diversity in GSM related systems (GSM-900, DCS-1800, and PCS1900) (2002)

This paper analyze the performance of two branch antenna diversity in GSM related systems. Several combining techniques for both up- and downlink are analyzed. Frequency diversity obtained from slow frequency hopping in GSM is also considered. Finally antenna diversity results for a non-ideal antenna configuration, i.e., introducing antenna branch cross-correlation or cross polarization discrimination (XPD) are presented.
Apolipoprotein A-I–Mediated Efflux of Sterols From Oxidized LDL–Loaded Macrophages (1995)

Although oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL) can accumulate in macrophages in vitro, generating cholesterol-loaded cells, little attention has been paid to the capacity of such macrophages loaded with OxLDL to export cholesterol and oxidized sterol moieties. In vitro lipid-loaded cells were generated by incubating primary cultures of mouse peritoneal macrophages with acetylated LDL (AcLDL) or OxLDL for 24 hours. The cellular content of native cholesterol, individual cholesteryl esters, and 7-ketocholesterol was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. These cells were then incubated with medium containing apolipoprotein (apo) A-I and albumin or albumin alone for up to 24 hours; cholesterol and oxidized sterol efflux were measured both in terms of intracellular depletion and extracellular accumulation. Macrophages loaded with AcLDL accumulated cholesterol and large quantities of cholesteryl esters, whereas OxLDL-loaded cells accumulated cholesterol, a number of oxidized compounds (predominantly 7-ketocholesterol), and a relatively small quantity of cholesteryl esters. AcLDL-derived cells released approximately 50% of their total cholesterol (unesterified and esterified) to apo A-I-containing medium over 24 hours in the form of unesterified cholesterol, whereas OxLDL-derived cells released approximately 30% of their total cholesterol and 7% of their total content of 7-ketocholesterol over the same period. There was minimal efflux of any sterol in the absence of apo A-I. The proportions of cholesterol and 7-ketocholesterol released by either AcLDL- or OxLDL-loaded cells were not reduced by inhibiting cellular acyl-CoA:cholesterol acyl transferase using Sandoz 58-035, despite substantial alterations in the proportions of both free cholesterol and (in OxLDL-loaded cells) free 7-ketocholesterol in these cells.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
DOA estimation of coherent signals based on matrix reconstruction (2010)

DOA estimation is an important part in the study about target precision locating. For the incoherent source signals, the conventional algorithms such as MUSIC have a good performance in processing for the estimation of the directions-of-arrival (DOA's). But when the signals are correlated, most of the conventional algorithms for incorrelate signals will fail in the estimation of DOA'S. A novel algorithm about the estimation of DOA's for correlated source signals is proposed in this paper. In the proposed algorithm, we reconstruct a new correlation matrix based on the original correlation matrix. The novel algorithm can accurately estimate the DOA's of the coherent incident signals without spatial smoothing processing compared with MMUSIC algorithm. For wide coherent signals, the proposed algorithm still has a good performance compared with ISM and CSM. Simulation results are presented in Section IV and Section V to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of this method.
Induction of Covalently Crosslinked p62 Oligomers with Reduced Binding to Polyubiquitinated Proteins by the Autophagy Inhibitor Verteporfin (2014)

Autophagy is a cellular catabolic process responsible for the degradation of cytoplasmic constituents, including organelles and long-lived proteins, that helps maintain cellular homeostasis and protect against various cellular stresses. Verteporfin is a benzoporphyrin derivative used clinically in photodynamic therapy to treat macular degeneration. Verteporfin was recently found to inhibit autophagosome formation by an unknown mechanism that does not require exposure to light. We report that verteporfin directly targets and modifies p62, a scaffold and adaptor protein that binds both polyubiquitinated proteins destined for degradation and LC3 on autophagosomal membranes. Western blotting experiments revealed that exposure of cells or purified p62 to verteporfin causes the formation of covalently crosslinked p62 oligomers by a mechanism involving low-level singlet oxygen production. Rose bengal, a singlet oxygen producer structurally unrelated to verteporfin, also produced crosslinked p62 oligomers and inhibited autophagosome formation. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that crosslinked p62 oligomers retain their ability to bind to LC3 but show defective binding to polyubiquitinated proteins. Mutations in the p62 PB1 domain that abolish self-oligomerization also abolished crosslinked oligomer formation. Interestingly, small amounts of crosslinked p62 oligomers were detected in untreated cells, and other groups noted the accumulation of p62 forms with reduced SDS-PAGE mobility in cellular and animal models of oxidative stress and aging. These data indicate that p62 is particularly susceptible to oxidative crosslinking and lead us to propose a model whereby oxidized crosslinked p62 oligomers generated rapidly by drugs like verteporfin or over time during the aging process interfere with autophagy.
The Behavior of Shaped Charges with open‐poled hemispherical liners (1991)

Abstract This paper discusses the effect of an opening at the pole of a hemispherical shaped‐charge liner. An experimental study was performed in which various diameter holes were made in otherwise similar shaped‐charge liners. Flash radiographs were taken to observe changes in the liner collapse and the jet characteristics. The collapse process and jet characteristics of a hemispherical liner are significantly altered for a hole diameter which is 10% or more of the outer liner diameter. The jet tip velocity is increased by 26% for a hole diameter‐to‐liner diameter ratio of 0.25. Explanations are presented for the behavior of the tip region of the shaped‐charge jet.
<i>Akkermansia muciniphila</i> Enhances the Antitumor Effect of Cisplatin in Lewis Lung Cancer Mice (2020)

Recently, intestinal flora plays a vital role in the occurrence and development of tumors and there is link between cancer immunotherapy and Akkermansia muciniphila (Akk). However, the therapeutic efficacy of Akk in lung cancer remained unclear. Hence, our study is aimed at investigating the antitumor effects of cisplatin (CDDP) combined with Akk on lung cancer. Using the murine lung cancer model by subcutaneously inoculating Lewis lung cancer model, 50 mice were divided into five groups: normal, model, CDDP, CDDP+Akk, and CDDP+antibiotics. After treatment within 5 weeks, compared with the model group, the administered group improved the changes of tumor pathomorphology. Compared with the CDDP group, CDDP combining with Akk slowed down the growth of tumor volume, downregulated the levels of ki-67, p53, and factor-associated suicide (Fas) ligand proteins and upregulated Fas proteins, increased the levels of interferon-<i>γ</i>, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-<i>α</i>, and suppressed the expression of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>+</sup>Foxp3<sup>+</sup> Treg in mouse peripheral blood and spleen. In addition, transcriptome analysis indicated that Akk combining with CDDP increased obviously the levels of IFI27l2 and IGFBP7 and was related to those pathways including the cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Th17 cell differentiation, FOXO, JAK-STAT, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. These results suggested that the therapeutic efficacy of the combined treatment of Akk and CDDP was superior to the only CDDP treatment, which could enhance immune regulation and would be a promising strategy for the treatment of lung cancer.
Landmark-based position and movement detection of wireless sensor network devices (2008)

The demand for reliable indoor positioning of mobile devices is wide and the computing and communication hardware are evolving rapidly. Thus, it is meaningful to consider a spectrum of techniques that reflect different constraints and tradeoffs of hardware investment, computational complexity, set-up cost, and positioning accuracy. The present paper strives to achieve high accuracy with low hardware investment and moderate set-up cost, but with somewhat sophisticated computations. We not only describe a successful positioning system, but also suggest a set of formal techniques that proved to work well in the real setting, and can be implemented using standard wireless sensor network hardware. The overall philosophy of utilizing the full distribution information of signal measurements at each location (proved implementable after careful algorithm design) distinguishes sharply from most existing works. Compared with the earlier work within our group, the present paper introduces new elements such as profiling the signal measurement distributions over the coverage area using a special interpolation technique; a two-tier tracking scheme that improves the efficiency of localization (in the commonly used sense) by adding movement detection (lower energy cost); and the joint clusterhead placement optimization for both localization and movement detection. Experimentally, our system achieved an accuracy equivalent to 95% < 5 meters and 87% < 3 meters, which should be considered a high-quality result compared to well-known contemporary systems that use similar low-cost hardware.