gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emotion Strengthens High-Priority Memory Traces but Weakens Low-Priority Memory Traces (2013)

When people encounter emotional events, their memory for those events is typically enhanced. But it has been unclear how emotionally arousing events influence memory for preceding information. Does emotional arousal induce retrograde amnesia or retrograde enhancement? The current study revealed that this depends on the top-down goal relevance of the preceding information. Across three studies, we found that emotional arousal induced by one image facilitated memory for the preceding neutral item when people prioritized that neutral item. In contrast, an emotionally arousing image impaired memory for the preceding neutral item when people did not prioritize that neutral item. Emotional arousal elicited by both negative and positive pictures showed this pattern of enhancing or impairing memory for the preceding stimulus depending on its priority. These results indicate that emotional arousal amplifies the effects of top-down priority in memory formation.
LPS binding protein does not participate in the pharmacokinetics of E5564 (2004)

E5564, a lipid A analogue, is a potent antagonist of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Clinically, E5564 was developed as a possible therapy for treatment of sepsis and septic shock. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis indicates that E5564 binds to LPS binding protein (LBP), in a manner similar to LPS. Gel-filtration radioactive chromatograms of [(14)C]-E5564 in plasma revealed that E5564 initially distributes to the lipoprotein fractions, separated from high-density lipoprotein (HDL); the bound fraction is then released and binds to HDL. Similar results were obtained by heparin-manganese precipitation. At doses of E5564 relevant to its clinical use (i.e. 6 microg/ml), antibodies against LBP did not influence either the distribution of E5564 to non-HDL lipoprotein fractions or the transfer of E5564 from non-HDLs to HDL. Under these conditions, transfer of E5564 to HDL occurs similarly in the plasma of LBP knockout (KO) mice as in the plasma from wild-type mice. In addition, plasma clearance of E5564 in LBP KO mice is similar to that of wildtype mice. Thus, LBP binds E5564 in a manner similar to LPS, but does not play a role in E5564 redistribution/binding to lipoprotein and plasma clearance.
Solvent Effects on the Growth and Steric Stabilization of Copper Metallic Nanoparticles in AOT Reverse Micelle Systems (2003)

Organic and inorganic reactions within the aqueous cores of water-in-oil AOT reverse micelle systems are viable methods for the production of nanomaterials of controllable composition and geometry while maintaining narrow size distributions. Considerable research has been done in order to better understand the governing features which comprise the AOT reverse micellar system, particularly stability and the intermicellar exchange of the contents within the aqueous core. The intermicellar exchange rate is affected by the bulk solvent type, the contents dissolved within the core, and the size of the reverse micelle or the water content, referred to as the W value, where W is the molar ratio of the water to AOT surfactant concentrations. Synthesis of nanomaterials within the AOT reverse micelle system is a strong function of the intermicellar exchange process and the factors mentioned previously. This study examines the effects of varying the bulk liquid solvent and the W value on the growth rate and ultimate particle size of copper nanoparticles produced via reduction of CuAOT2 within the micelle core. Particle growth is measured in-situ using time-resolved UV−Vis absorbance spectroscopy, and the particle size is determined by both UV−Vis measurements and TEM analysis. A total interaction energy model is implemented to represent the attractive van der Waals forces acting between the metallic particles and the repulsive osmotic and elastic forces which result from the surfactant tail−tail and solvent−tail interactions responsible for the steric stabilization of the metallic particles within the microemulsion. The model is able to predict the ultimate particle sizes obtained experimentally for copper and silver nanoparticles synthesized using a variety of bulk liquid solvents including isooctane, cyclohexane, and n-alkanes ranging from pentane to dodecane.
Investigation of a large-core photonic crystal fiber sensor for enhancement of fluorescent light collection of polymer membrane (2005)

A three-fiber probe is fabricated for the measurement of fluorescent light emitted from a flat and tilted membrane cast on a glass substrate. With two identical photonic crystal fibers (PCFs) as the receiving fibers, we demonstrate that a segment of pure glass rod formed at the front end of a large-core PCF has an enhanced capability of collecting fluorescent light. The percentage of this increase depends on the distance between the membrane and the fiber probe. An initial theoretical investigation reveals that a longer fused segment can shift the light reception cone towards the symmetric axis of the illuminating fiber where the maximum energy locates. Higher emission is expected in this area and would be able to reach this shifted reception cone. This area is a dead zone for the PCF without or with a shorter fused segment. The possible applications of this fused glass segment with a proper length are highlighted.
Measuring the optical permittivity of two‐dimensional materials without <i>a priori</i> knowledge of electronic transitions (2018)

Abstract We propose a deterministic method to measure the optical permittivity of two‐dimensional (2D) materials without a priori knowledge of the electronic transitions over the spectral window of interest. Using the thin‐film approximation, we show that the ratio of reflection coefficients for s and p polarization can give a unique solution to the permittivity of 2D materials within the measured spectral window. The uniqueness and completeness of our permittivity measurement method do not require a priori knowledge of the electronic transitions of a given material. We experimentally demonstrate that the permittivity of monolayers of MoS 2 , WS 2 , and WSe 2 in the visible frequency range can be accurately obtained by our method. We believe that our method can provide fast and reliable measurement of the optical permittivity of newly discovered 2D materials.
DeepActsNet: Spatial and Motion features from Face, Hands, and Body Combined with Convolutional and Graph Networks for Improved Action Recognition (2020)

Existing action recognition methods mainly focus on joint and bone information in human body skeleton data due to its robustness to complex backgrounds and dynamic characteristics of the environments. In this paper, we combine body skeleton data with spatial and motion features from face and two hands, and present "Deep Action Stamps (DeepActs)", a novel data representation to encode actions from video sequences. We also present "DeepActsNet", a deep learning based ensemble model which learns convolutional and structural features from Deep Action Stamps for highly accurate action recognition. Experiments on three challenging action recognition datasets (NTU60, NTU120, and SYSU) show that the proposed model trained using Deep Action Stamps produce considerable improvements in the action recognition accuracy with less computational cost compared to the state-of-the-art methods.
Automated testing of mixed-signal integrated circuits by topology modification (2015)

A general method is proposed to automatically generate a DfT solution aiming at the detection of catastrophic faults in analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits. The approach consists in modifying the topology of the circuit by pulling up (down) nodes and then probing differentiating node voltages. The method generates a set of optimal hardware implementations addressing the multi-objective problem such that the fault coverage is maximized and the silicon overhead is minimized. The new method was applied to a real-case industrial circuit, demonstrating a nearly 100 percent coverage at the expense of an area increase of about 5 percent.
Raman scattering in pure and carbon-doped<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:mi>Mg</mml:mi><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">B</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>films (2005)

We have studied Raman scattering in $\mathrm{Mg}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}$ thin films grown by hybrid physical-chemical vapor deposition on SiC and ${\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ substrates. The Cooper-pair-breaking peak corresponding to the larger gap was observed and its position correlates with the value of ${T}_{c}$, which varies with film strain. The temperature dependence of the ${E}_{2g}$ phonon frequency and linewidth was studied. Carbon doping of $\mathrm{Mg}{\mathrm{B}}_{2}$ films suppresses ${T}_{c}$, and leads to a hardening of the ${E}_{2g}$ phonon mode, an increased luminescence background in the spectra, and a stronger contribution of disorder-activated phonons to Raman spectra.
A simple method for catheter fixation of the cystic duct during cholangiography. (1984)

The use of Weck hemoclips with an ureteral catheter has proved to be an extremely quick, simple and reliable method of carrying out cholangiography and may possibly merit the consideration of others.
Fracàs de tots: els problemes educatius i socials (2008)

Amb frequencia, el fracas escolar es interpretat com un fenomen associat a l'escola i les families. En aquest breu article intentam un enfocament complementari: el de la perspectiva dels joves que es troben a l'ESO i s'han d'enfrontar al seu futur. Per comencar aquesta breu presentacio seleccionem algunes dades que exemplifiquin l'abast real del fracas escolar a Catalunya, Comunitat Valenciana i les illes.
Common hierarchies of susceptibility to the induction of neural tube defects in mouse embryos by valproic acid and its 4‐propyl‐4‐pentenoic acid metabolite (1988)

The teratogenic effects of valproic acid and its 4-propyl-4-pentenoic acid (4-en) metabolite were investigated in three inbred mouse strains that were known to possess differing sensitivity to heat-induced neural tube defects. In the heat-resistant DBA/2J strain, administration of either valproic acid or the metabolite during the critical period of neural tube development failed to produce any abnormal offspring. Similar treatment in the moderately heat-sensitive LM/Bc strain resulted in up to 19.8% exencephalic fetuses. The highly heat-sensitive SWV strain was also very susceptible to the induction of neural tube defects by either valproic acid or its 4-en metabolite. When administered on gestational day 8 plus 12 hours, the parent compound produced 35% exencephalic fetuses, while the metabolite had a response frequency of 32.4%. Thus, the hierarchy of susceptibility for the induction of neural tube defects in these inbred mouse strains was exactly the same whether the teratogen was a physical agent such as hyperthermia or a chemical compound such as valproic acid. If such diverse agents as these should interact to produce malformations, then it is possible that a wide variety of other agents might interact in a similar manner to produce neural tube defects.
Increases in the phosphorylation of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB) and decreases in the content of calcineurin accompany thermal hyperalgesia following chronic constriction injury in rats (2002)

Plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn may underlie the development of chronic pain following peripheral nerve injury or inflammation. In this study, we examined whether chronic constriction injury of the sciatic nerve was associated with changes in the immunoreactive content of cyclic AMP response element binding protein (CREB), protein kinase A (PKA), and calcineurin Aalpha and Abeta in the spinal dorsal horn. In animals exhibiting thermal hyperalgesia as a behavioral sign of neuropathic pain 7 days after loose ligation of the sciatic nerve (chronic constriction injury), there was a significant increase in the content of phosphorylated (activated) CREB (pCREB). In contrast, following the typical disappearance of thermal hyperalgesia 28 days after loose ligation surgery, there were no differences in pCREB content between control and sciatic ligation animals. The increased CREB activation associated with thermal hyperalgesia was accompanied by significant decreases in the content of both calcineurin Aalpha and Abeta. In contrast, there were no differences in the content of non-phosphorylated CREB, and phosphorylated or non-phosphorylated PKA between control and sciatic ligation animals either 7 or 28 days after surgery. These data established a close association in the expression of thermal hyperalgesia with CREB activation and decreased calcineurin content in the spinal dorsal horn. The data revealed a significant but reversible shift in the manner in which spinal neurons processed sensory information following peripheral nerve injury, and lent further support to the notion that plasticity in the spinal dorsal horn may have contributed to the development of chronic pain.
Snooping Attacks on Deep Reinforcement Learning (2019)

Adversarial attacks have exposed a significant security vulnerability in state-of-the-art machine learning models. Among these models include deep reinforcement learning agents. The existing methods for attacking reinforcement learning agents assume the adversary either has access to the target agent's learned parameters or the environment that the agent interacts with. In this work, we propose a new class of threat models, called snooping threat models, that are unique to reinforcement learning. In these snooping threat models, the adversary does not have the ability to interact with the target agent's environment, and can only eavesdrop on the action and reward signals being exchanged between agent and environment. We show that adversaries operating in these highly constrained threat models can still launch devastating attacks against the target agent by training proxy models on related tasks and leveraging the transferability of adversarial examples.
TACTICS for User Interface Design: Coupling the Compositional and Transformational Approach (1993)

The paper describes TACTICS, the model and a model-based tool capable of supporting a wide range of design de-cisions and providing assistance in the design process. The TACTICS tool automatically generates a user interface for an application and assists in refining it and in detecting and resolving design inconsistencies. The TACTICS model of human-computer interaction integrates a compositional model of UIs and a transformational model of the UI de-sign space. A user interface is viewed as a composition of primitives structured based on the application and on the desired dialogue style, and the model identifies user inter-face components and structuring principles for assembling components into a coherent interface. The model also de-fines transformations that modify UI structures to achieve a desired look-and-feel and enable designers to easily explore different UI designs. The paper describes the knowledge structure of the model and the TACTICS approach to generating user interfaces. UI components are discussed and examples of UI structures given.
Simultaneous Monitoring of Polymer and Particle Characteristics during Emulsion Polymerization (2008)

Emulsion polymerization reactions constitute complex, nonequilibrium systems in which there is strong interaction between polymers, monomers, and the colloidal structures that mediate the reactions. A novel and general method was sought to monitor emulsion polymerization reactions. Instrumentation and methods were hence developed here to achieve, for the first time, simultaneous monitoring of the evolving characteristics of both the organosoluble components (monomer conversion, polymer molar mass, and reduced viscosity) and the colloidal components (particle size of monomer droplets and nucleated polymer particles). No empirical models were required for these determinations. This represents a new capability for the broadening ACOMP platform (automatic continuous online monitoring of polymerization reactions). The method was applied to free radical emulsion homopolymerization of methyl methacrylate and butyl acrylate over a wide monomer concentration range, with and without surfactant stabilization. A successful approach to soap-free emulsion polymerization (up to 15% solids) was developed and led to stable and uniform emulsions with no phase separation or coagulum buildup. Trends in the polymer characteristics were cross-correlated with evolving colloid particle distributions, and the model of mass transfer from large monomer droplets (microns) to much smaller, nucleated particles which are the loci of polymerization (ca. 100 nm) was confirmed. This was seen in the disappearance of the large monomer droplets and appearance of polymer particles during monomer conversion. Results were cross-checked with offline multi-detector size exclusion chromatography, dynamic light scattering, and cryogenic transmission electron microscopy. This new ACOMP approach should be widely applicable to monitoring many types of emulsion polymerization reactions.
Surgical Results and Risk Factors for Recurrence of Lumbar Disc Herniation (2012)

Repeated discectomy for recurrent disc herniation produced unsatisfactory outcomes. Factors such as sex, type of disc herniation and traumatic events were found to be significant risk factors.
A role for the interleukin 1 receptor in the synergistic antitumor effects of human interleukin 1 alpha and etoposide against human melanoma cells. (1991)

To investigate the possibility that anticancer drugs combined with cytokines may show increased activity, human tumor cells were treated with combinations of human recombinant interleukin 1 alpha (rIL-1 alpha) and etoposide (VP-16). The cytotoxicity of these combinations was evaluated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay using rIL-1 alpha-sensitive A375-C6 melanoma cells and A375-C5 cells, a clonal variant line that is resistant to IL-1 alpha. Data were analyzed for synergism by the median effect principle of T-C. Chou and P. Talalay (J. Biol. Chem., 252: 6438-6442, 1977). At a dose ratio of VP-16 to rIL-1 alpha of 12 nM:1 unit/ml in either simultaneous or sequential exposure (VP-16 first), the calculated combination index values indicated synergistic cytotoxicity toward both A375-C6 cells and A375-C5 cells. IL-1 alpha treatment 24 h prior to VP-16 exposure had no advantage over simultaneous treatment. Surface IL-1 alpha receptors on both A375-C6 and A375-C5 cells were measured using 125I-radiolabeled rIL-1 alpha binding; A375-C6 cells had 701 +/- 128 (SD) receptor molecules/cell and A375-C5 cells only had 58 +/- 33 receptor molecules/cell. The dissociation constants for IL-1 alpha were similar in both cell types (19 +/- 6 pM for A375-C6 and 17 +/- 2 pM for A375-C5). The specific binding of rIL-1 alpha to the surface IL-1 alpha receptors of both sensitive and resistant cells was significantly increased in a dose-dependent fashion by the prior treatment with VP-16 (1.75-fold on A375-C6 cells and 3.5-fold on A375-C5 cells). VP-16 also enhanced the internalization of receptor-bound rIL-1 alpha, suggesting that a possible mechanism of the synergistic cytotoxicity of rIL-1 alpha and VP-16 might be related to the modulation of rIL-1 alpha receptors by VP-16, resulting in increased internalization of rIL-1 alpha.
Improvements to real-time ultraviolet scene simulation for sensor testing (1998)

The emergence of sensor systems which detect ultraviolet missile signatures defines the need for an ultraviolet environment simulation capability. This paper discusses the development of a real-time hardware-in-the-loop testing capability for ultraviolet missile warning receiver systems. The requirements for real-time ultraviolet simulation will be defined and a real-time architecture which addresses these requirements is presented. The requirements and real-time architecture address the modeling of ultraviolet sensor characteristics and ultraviolet phenomenology. Specific issues which will be addressed include ultraviolet sensor system characteristics, ultraviolet source signature modeling, atmospheric off-axis spatial scatter modeling through the use of the Off-Axis Scattered Intensity Calculation (OSIC) code, and the simulation of these effects in a real-time scene rendering environment. Particular emphasis is placed on the refinement of a lookup table for the OSIC code and consideration for the use of the MSIG ultraviolet missile signature database. Also discussed is the real-time hardware- in-the loop architecture developed for testing of the Common Missile Warning System. This work was performed to support the test and evaluation of modern missile warning systems at Wright Labs Integrated Defense Avionics Lab.
Differentiation of Strains of <i>Xylella fastidiosa</i> Infecting Grape, Almonds, and Oleander Using a Multiprimer PCR Assay (2006)

Xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited, nutritionally fastidious bacterium that causes several plant diseases including Pierce's disease (PD) in grape and leaf scorch in almond (ALS) and oleander (OLS). OLS strains belong to X. fastidiosa subsp. sandyi, PD strains belong to X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa, and strains from almond designated as ALS strains are of two general types belonging either to X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex or X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa. The ALS strains assigned to X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex belong to two different genotypes (ALSI and ALSII) below the subspecies level. The OLS strains do not infect grape or almond. PD strains produce diseases in grape, alfalfa, almond, and some weeds, but they do not infect oleander, oak, peach, or citrus. ALS strains that belong to X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex do not produce disease on grape. In this study, a relatively simple polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based method was developed to distinguish among PD, OLS, and ALS strains. PCR performed with primers XF1968-L and XF1968-R amplified a 638-bp fragment from OLS strains but not from PD strains or ALS strains that belong to X. fastidiosa subsp. fastidiosa. PCR with primers XF2542-L and XF2542-R amplified a 412-bp fragment from PD strains, but not from OLS strains. PCR with primers ALM1 and ALM2 produced a fragment of 521 bp from strains isolated from almond that belong to X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex. The combination of the three primer sets allowed the distinction of the two ALS genotypes of X. fastidiosa subsp. multiplex. These results are in agreement with those obtained from analysis of sequences of 16S-23S rDNA intergenic spacer regions sequence analysis and with previous results based on randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis.
Growth Mechanisms and Oxidation Resistance of Gold-Coated Iron Nanoparticles (2005)

We report the chemical synthesis of Fe-core/Au-shell nanoparticles by a reverse micelle method and the investigation of their growth mechanisms and oxidation-resistant characteristics. The core−shell structure and the presence of the Fe and Au phases have been confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, Mössbauer spectroscopy, and inductively coupled plasma techniques. Additionally, atomic-resolution Z-contrast imaging and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) in a scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) have been used to study details of the growth processes. The Au shell grows by nucleating on the Fe-core surface before coalescing. The magnetic moments of such nanoparticles, in the loose powder form, decrease over time due to oxidation. The less than ideal oxidation resistance of the Au shell may have been caused by the rough Au surfaces. However, in pressed pellet form, electrical transport measurements show that the particles are fairly stable, as the resistance of the pellet does not change appreciably over time.