gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MALDI-TOF-Mass Spectrometry Applications in Clinical Microbiology (2010)

MALDI-TOF-mass spectrometry (MS) has been successfully adapted for the routine identification of microorganisms in clinical microbiology laboratories in the past 10 years. This revolutionary technique allows for easier and faster diagnosis of human pathogens than conventional phenotypic and molecular identification methods, with unquestionable reliability and cost-effectiveness. This article will review the application of MALDI-TOF-MS tools in routine clinical diagnosis, including the identification of bacteria at the species, subspecies, strain and lineage levels, and the identification of bacterial toxins and antibiotic-resistance type. We will also discuss the application of MALDI-TOF-MS tools in the identification of Archaea, eukaryotes and viruses. Pathogenic identification from colony-cultured, blood-cultured, urine and environmental samples is also reviewed.
Incorporation of Zirconium Hydrogen Phosphate into Porous Ionomer Membranes (2004)

Nafion membrane was cast from 5 wt % Nafion/dimethly acetamide/2-propanol solution containing a hydrophobic plasticizer, and the phase-separated low molecular weight component was leached out from the Nafion matrix by solvent extraction using diethyl ether and methanol. The resultant porous Nafion membrane was doped in situ with zirconium hydrogen phosphate (ZHP) by zirconium chloride and phosphoric acid treatment. The maximum loading of ZHP nanoparticles increased to 40 wt % because of additional precipitation in the pore structure. Field-emission scanning electron micrographs showed that the pores were completely filled with in situ doped ZHP particles. Fourier transform infrared study confirmed that more ZHP fillers improved water retention and proton conductivity of the composite ionomer membrane at high-temperature regions above 100°C. As a result, the power density of Nafion/ZHP membranes was much higher than that of an as-received Nafion 115 membrane at elevated temperature. © 2004 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Gate recognition and netlist reduction for switch-level simulation of dynamic bit-level systolic arrays (2002)

A program for gate recognition has been developed and used to reduce the netlist produced by layout flat extraction of a 1.2 million transistor bit-level systolic array design. The pipeline dynamic flip-flops as well as other elemental structures typical of systolic arrays are recognized. The netlist was reduced by a factor 8, thus allowing a post-layout switch-level simulation of the whole chip, otherwise impossible on the original netlist.
Effect of Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation on Survival in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (1997)

Among patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, those who are tolerant of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation have better survival than do those who are intolerant. Bulbar symptoms partially account for intolerance of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation.
Trajectory Distance Metric Using Hidden Markov Model Based Representation (2004)

In this paper, we introduce a set of novel distance metrics that use model based representations for trajectories. We determine the similarity of trajectories using the conformity of the corresponding HMM models. These metrics enable the comparison of tracjectories without any limitations of the conventional measures. They accurately identify the coordinate, orientation, and speed affinity. The proposed HMM based distance metrics can be used not only for ground truth comparisons but for clustering as well. Our experiments prove that they have superior discriminative properties.
Expression Using the T7 <scp>RNA</scp> Polymerase/Promoter System (1990)

This unit describes the expression of genes by placing them under the control of the bacteriophage T7 RNA polymerase. T7 RNA polymerase is a very active enzyme: it synthesizes RNA at a rate several times that of E. coli RNA polymerase and it terminates transcription less frequently; in fact, its transcription can circumnavigate a plasmid, resulting in RNA several times the plasmid length in size. T7 RNA polymerase is also highly selective for initiation at its own promoter sequences and is resistant to antibiotics such as rifampicin that inhibit E. coli RNA polymerase. Consequently, the addition of rifampicin to cells that are producing T7 RNA polymerase results in the exclusive expression of genes under the control of a T7 RNA polymerase promoter (p(T7)). In the Basic Protocol, two plasmids are maintained within the same E. coli cell. One (the expression vector) contains p(T7) upstream of the gene to be expressed. The second contains the T7 RNA polymerase gene under the control of a heat-inducible E. coli promoter. Upon heat induction, the T7 RNA polymerase is produced and initiates transcription on the expression vector, resulting in turn in the expression of the gene(s) under the control of p(T7). If desired, the gene products can be uniquely labeled by carrying out the procedure in minimal medium, adding rifampicin to inhibit the E. coli RNA polymerase, and then labeling the proteins with [35S]methionine.
A new microwave power source and its application (2002)

We present here a new 2450 MHz power source in which the anode current of the magnetron can be linearly controlled. The tube is powered by a constant high voltage DC power supply and controlled by a current source circuit. Accurate control of the output power and the produced temperature in various medical applications can be realized by the modern control technologies, such as fuzzy control, robust control and adaptive control, through a computer system with a D/A converter. The applications to medical treatments and accurate moisture measurements are discussed.
Chemisorptions of Gases on Iron Synthetic Ammonia Catalysts<sup>1</sup> (1940)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemisorptions of Gases on Iron Synthetic Ammonia Catalysts1Stephen Brunauer and P. H. EmmettCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1940, 62, 7, 1732–1746Publication Date (Print):July 6, 1940Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 6 July 1940https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01864a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01864a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views503Altmetric-Citations139LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
On wirelength estimations for row-based placement (1999)

Wirelength estimation in very large scale integration layout is fundamental to any predetailed routing estimate of timing or routability. In this paper, we develop efficient wirelength estimation techniques appropriate for wirelength estimation during top-down floorplanning and placement of cell-based designs. Our methods give accurate, linear-time approaches, typically with sublinear time complexity for dynamic updating of estimates (e.g., for annealing placement). Our techniques offer advantages not only for early on-line wirelength estimation during top-down placement, but also for a posteriori estimation of routed wirelength given a final placement. In developing these new estimators, we have made several contributions, including (1) insight into the contrast between region-based and bounding box-based rectilinear Steiner minimal tree (RStMT) estimation techniques; (2) empirical assessment of the correlations between pin placements of a multipin net that is contained in a block; and (3) new wirelength estimates that are functions of a block's complexity (number of cell instances) and aspect ratio.
High density digital videodisc using 635 nm laser diode (1994)

By developing a high resolution pick-up using a red laser diode with a wavelength of 635 nm and by examining the disc parameters, we have developed a CD-ROM which has a recording density four times that of existing CDs. The track pitch of this CD-ROM is 0.85 /spl mu/m and the recording linear velocity is 0.7 m/s. With these disc parameters, a storage capacity of 2.2 GB was obtained. We recorded digital motion pictures with a data transfer rate of 4 Mbps onto the disc and succeeded in the realization of a high quality digital videodisc with one hour of playback time.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Registration of retinal images using blood vessel features (2015)

The registration of retinal images has significant importance in the operations of additional diagnosis and to determine the ailment progression of various retinal diseases. This paper deals with a feature based technique for retinal image registration. The purpose of the proposed method is to assist ophthalmologist to remark variations that happen in the blood vessel structure because of different pathological abnormalities. The retinal image comprises of various aspects such as optic disc(OD), blood vessels(BV), macula, fovea etc. In our approach blood vessels are taken as main feature as blood vessels can be considered as an important benchmark for disorders viz. diabetes, age related macular edema and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). The segmentation of blood vessels is done by using morphological operation. For the registration section, the OD is segmented from which the OD center is calculated. The center of the OD is considered as control point and it is used to correct the orientation difference between the two images to be registered. By minimizing the rotational and translational differences between them, the registration is achieved.
Detection of<i>Mycobacterium avium</i>subsp.<i>paratuberculosis</i>in Infected Tissues by New Species-Specific Immunohistological Procedures (1998)

We have previously described the cloning and sequencing of a gene portion coding for the terminal part of a 34-kDa protein of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis, the etiological agent of Johne's disease (P. Gilot, M. De Kesel, L. Machtelinckx, M. Coene, and C. Cocito, J. Bacteriol. 175:4930-4935, 1993). The recombinant polypeptide (a362) carries species-specific B-cell epitopes which do not cross-react with other mycobacterial pathogens (M. De Kesel, P. Gilot, M.-C. Misonne, M. Coene, and C. Cocito, J. Clin. Microbiol. 31:947-954, 1993). The present work describes the preparation of polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies directed against a362 and the use of these immunoglobulins for histopathological diagnosis of Johne's disease. The new immunohistological procedures herewith detailed proved to be able to identify M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis antigens in the intestinal tissues and lymph nodes of cattle affected by either the paucibacillary or pluribacillary form of the disease. They yielded negative responses not only with healthy animals but also with those affected by tuberculosis (Mycobacterium bovis). Both immunohistological procedures proved to be as sensitive as or more sensitive than Ziehl-Neelsen staining and, in addition, to be endowed with species specificity.
A pressure machine for injecting trees (1976)

A portable pressure-injection machine has proved to be an effective means of treating pear trees for pear decline and may also be useful for injecting other materials into other trees.
Antigenerkennung (1989)

Der Begriff Antigen umfaßt zwei Bedeutungen: Einmal versteht man darunter ein Molekül, das eine Immunantwort generiert, daher auch Immunogen genannt, und zum anderen ein Molekül, das mit Antikörpern oder sensibilisierten T-Zellen reagiert, unabhängig von ihrer Eigenschaft diese primär zu generieren. Wenn letzteres etwas verwirrend klingt, hilft uns vielleicht ein Beispiel weiter. Werden einer Maus zuvor entnommene körpereigene Erythrozyten injiziert, so ist es nicht allzu verwunderlich, daß sie dagegen keine Antikörper erzeugt. Wenn ihr nun Ratten-Erythrozyten verabreicht werden, so bildet sie Antikörper sowohl gegen die roten Blutkörperchen von Ratten als auch von Mäusen. Letztere binden in vivo an die körpereigenen Zellen der Maus, d.h. die roten Blutkörperchen der Maus wirken als Antigene, indem sie mit Antikörpern reagieren, obwohl sie nicht fähig sind, deren Bildung zu induzieren. Ebenso sind sogenannte Haptene, d.h. kleine, chemisch gut definierte Substanzen, wie z.B. Dinitrophenol (DNP) oder m-Aminobenzol-Sulphonat, nicht selber immunogen.
The Decomposition of Benzoyl Peroxide in the Presence of Iodine. I. Aromatic Solvents<sup>1</sup> (1950)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Decomposition of Benzoyl Peroxide in the Presence of Iodine. I. Aromatic Solvents1George S. HammondCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1950, 72, 8, 3737–3743Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1950Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1950https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01164a115RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views106Altmetric-Citations17LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (772 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Nuevas exigencias en la formación del profesorado frente a la modernización de la educación en Chile (1997)

En este articulo se analiza el proceso de modernizacion de la educacion obligatoria chilena, que se ha emprendido con la finalidad, de responder a los requerimientos educativos frente al siglo XXI. Se demuestra en el desarrollo del trabajo que este proceso de modernizacion de la educacion descansa en la pretension de lograr una perfecta correspondencia con el modelo economico neoliberal implantado hace algunos anos en el pais.
Consecuentemente con lo anterior, la formacion del profesorado ha adquirido especial interes por parte de los gestores de dicha modernizacion; se le exige al maestro asumir roles de optimizacion, eficiencia y eficacia en la transmision de conocimientos utiles al modelo economico
54‐1: Laser Speckle Reduction using Nanoparticle‐Embedded Liquid Crystals (2017)

The ability to reduce laser speckle of a nanoparticle‐embedded liquid crystal device with zero‐power consumption is experimentally demonstrated. The scattering profile of nanoparticles smooths out the speckles from laser. The effects from tuning nanoparticle geometry and optical characteristics of liquid crystal host are theoretically evaluated.
MR imaging of the breast (1993)

The current strategy for breast cancer treatment involves early detection of the neoplasm before it has metastasized outside the breast, and surgical treatment of the lesion that minimizes deformity. Conventional methods of diagnostic imaging of the breast, including mammography, sonography, and galactography, do not adequately address clinical needs with regard to lesion characterization and staging. Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has been proposed as a modality that may address these needs. The potential clinical uses of MR imaging are defined in terms of clinical needs and technologic requirements. Applications of MR imaging in detection of breast lesions can be divided into two major approaches based on the clinical questions to be answered: (a) improved specificity and (b) improved sensitivity. These approaches are defined by specific sets of clinical needs and have substantially different technologic requirements. The specificity approach is used to reduce the number of biopsies performed to confirm false-positive mammographic findings. The MR imaging device that is used to improve specificity must visualize only the lesions that are seen mammographically. The sensitivity approach requires the visualization of lesions not identified at mammography, so that breast disease can be more effectively staged for treatment. The technologic requirements for the sensitivity approach are considerably more rigorous because all lesions must be identified. The advantages and disadvantages of each of these approaches and the potential clinical ramifications are described.
3-D reconstruction of a surface model of the proximal femur from digital biplanar radiographs (2008)

Twenty-two femurs (one plastic bone and twenty-one cadaveric bones) with both nonpathologic and pathologic cases were considered to validate a point distribution model based three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction technique using digital biplanar radiographs. The 3-D reconstruction technique is based on an iterative non-rigid registration of the features extracted from a statistically instantiated 3-D surface model to those identified from the radiographs. The surface models reconstructed from the radiographs were compared to the associated ground truths derived either from a 3-D CT-scan reconstruction method or from a 3-D laser-scan reconstruction method. Our experimental results demonstrated that our biplanar reconstruction technique could accurately reconstruct the surface models of both nonpathologic and pathologic femurs (average error distance=0.9 mm), even when the point distribution model that we used were constructed from surface models of nonpathologic femurs.
Quantification of Viability in Organotypic Multicellular Spheroids of Human Malignant Glioma using Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity: A Rapid and Reliable Automated Assay (2005)

Organotypic spheroids from malignant glioma resemble the biological complexity of the original tumor and are therefore appealing to study anticancer drug responses. Accurate and reproducible quantification of response effect has been lacking to determine drug responses in this three-dimensional tumor model. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity was demonstrated in cryostat sections of spheroids using the tetrazolium salt method. Calibrated digital image acquisition of the stained cryostat sections enables quantification of LDH activity. Fully automated image cytometry reliably demarcates LDH-active and LDH-inactive tissue areas by thresholding at specific absorbance values. The viability index (VI) was calculated as ratio of LDH-active areas and total spheroid tissue areas. Duplicate staining and processing on the same tissue showed good correlation and therefore reproducibility. Sodium azide incubation of spheroids induced reduction in VI to almost zero. We conclude that quantification of viability in cryostat sections of organotypic multicellular spheroids from malignant glioma can be performed reliably and reproducibly with this approach
DLID: Deep learning for domain adaptation by interpolating between domains (2013)

In many real world applications of machine learning, the distribution of the training data (on which the machine learning model is trained) is different from the distribution of the test data (where the learnt model is actu-ally deployed). This is known as the problem of Domain Adaptation. We propose a novel deep learning model for domain adaptation which attempts to learn a predictively useful representation of the data by taking into ac-count information from the distribution shift between the training and test data. Our key proposal is to successively learn multiple in-termediate representations along an “inter-polating path ” between the train and test do-mains. Our experiments on a standard object recognition dataset show a significant perfor-mance improvement over the state-of-the-art. 1. Problem Motivation and Context Oftentimes in machine learning applications, we have to learn a model to accomplish a specific task using training data drawn from one distribution (the source domain), and deploy the learnt model on test data drawn from a different distribution (the target do-main). For instance, consider the task of creating a mobile phone application for “image search for prod-ucts”; where the goal is to look up product specifi-cations and comparative shopping options from the internet, given a picture of the product taken with a user’s mobile phone. In this case, the underlying ob-ject recognizer will typically be trained on a labeled corpus of images (perhaps scraped from the internet), and tested on the images taken using the user’s phone camera. The challenge here is that the distribution of training and test images is not the same. A naively
Total security — A challenge (1941)

With the foresight that comes of a career closely packed with varied experience, with the courage that comes of purposeful study and relative youth, and with the forcefulness that comes of conviction and determination, Mr. Wilson presents here his realistic survey of a situation that is of vital significance to every American — in fact, to all democracy. This thought-provoking challenge, presented as a basis for discussion and action, comes from one of America's youngest and foremost industrial leaders — a man who came to the top “the hard way” in the highly competitive American free-enterprise system for which he here seeks a means of preservation. The “Letters to the Editor” columns are open for discussion of this timely topic.
Quality Concerns of Web Design Process (2000)

This paper discusses the issues pertaining to web quality. The web quality is defined in terms of the design process of the web sites as well as the presented information. Within each term a set of criteria was developed that affect the web quality. These sets of criteria are applicable for both web page design guidelines and web page evaluation and improvements. A simple quantitative evaluation model was given using these criteria, the model is based on the AHP methodology.
S-TFT: an analytical model of polysilicon thin-film transistors for circuit simulation (2002)

This paper describes the S-TFT model developed for poly-Si TFT which improves the accuracy dramatically. The proposed model emphasis is on deriving the large parasitic resistance characteristics at low Vds by adding the junction current to the on-current. The physical-based subthreshold and off-state current model are also considered. The model guarantees the continuities of the current and the derivatives. Compared to the RPI model, known to be the best model, the proposed model improved overall simulation speed by 40-50% due to the better convergence characteristics.