gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
How dangerous are falls in old people at home? (1981)

From a survey in six general practices information was obtained on 125 people aged 65 and over who fell in their own homes. Three fractured their femurs and 15 had other fractures; most of the rest suffered only trivial injuries. Twenty lay on the floor for more than one hour; none were known to have suffered hypothermia. One-quarter of these patients died within one year of the fall, five times as many as in an age- and sex-matched control group; while of those who lay on the floor for more than one hour, half died within six months of the fall. Factors associated with mortality from falls were impaired mobility, abnormal balance, and a disturbed pattern of gait. Falls at home in old age are often indicative of the presence of severe ill health.
Beryllium Presentation to CD4+ T Cells Is Dependent on a Single Amino Acid Residue of the MHC Class II β-Chain (2005)

Chronic beryllium disease (CBD) is characterized by a CD4+ T cell alveolitis and granulomatous inflammation in the lung. Genetic susceptibility to this disease has been linked with HLA-DP alleles, particularly those possessing a glutamic acid at position 69 (Glu69) of the beta-chain. However, 15% of CBD patients do not possess a Glu69-containing HLA-DP allele, suggesting that other MHC class II alleles may be involved in disease susceptibility. In CBD patients without a Glu69-containing HLA-DP allele, an increased frequency of HLA-DR13 alleles has been described, and these alleles possess a glutamic acid at position 71 of the beta-chain (which corresponds to position 69 of HLA-DP). Thus, we hypothesized that beryllium presentation to CD4+ T cells was dependent on a glutamic acid residue at the identical position of both HLA-DP and -DR. The results show that HLA-DP Glu69- and HLA-DR Glu71-expressing molecules are capable of inducing beryllium-specific proliferation and IFN-gamma expression by lung CD4+ T cells. Using fibroblasts expressing mutated HLA-DP2 and -DR13 molecules, beryllium recognition was dependent on the glutamic acid at position 69 of HLA-DP and 71 of HLA-DR, suggesting a critical role for this amino acid in beryllium presentation to Ag-specific CD4+ T cells. Thus, these results demonstrate that a single amino acid residue of the MHC class II beta-chain dictates beryllium presentation and potentially, disease susceptibility.
Expression of a reporter gene interrupted by the Candida albicans group I intron is inhibited by base analogs (1997)

We previously reported the identification of an intron (CaLSU) in the 25S ribosomal RNA of some Candida albicans yeast strains. CaLSU was shown to self-splice and has the potential to adopt a secondary structure typical of group I introns. The presence of CaLSU inC. albicans strains correlates with a high degree of susceptibility to base analog antifungal agents, 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) or 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Cell death, resulting from addition of base analogs to growing cultures, precluded demonstration of a causal relationship between CaLSU presence and susceptibility to base analogs. In the present study, CaLSU was inserted in a non-essential lacZ reporter gene and expression was examined in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Different mutations affecting in vitro self-splicing also had similar effects on reporter gene expression in vivo. This indicates that in vivo removal of CaLSU from the reporter gene occurs through the typical self-splicing mechanism of group I introns. Base analogs inhibited expression of the reporter gene product in a concentration-dependent manner upon their addition to the cultures. This supports a model in which disruption of intron secondary structure, consecutive to the incorporation of nucleotide analogs, is a major factor determining the susceptibility of C.albicans cells to base analogs.
Active complex event processing over event streams (2011)

State-of-the-art Complex Event Processing technology (CEP), while effective for pattern query execution, is limited in its capability of reacting to opportunities and risks detected by pattern queries. Especially reactions that affect the query results in turn have not been addressed in the literature. We propose to tackle these unsolved problems by embedding active rule support within the CEP engine, henceforth called Active CEP (ACEP). Active rules in ACEP allow us to specify a pattern query's dynamic condition and real-time actions. The technical challenge is to handle interactions between queries and reactions to queries in the high-volume stream execution. We hence introduce a novel stream-oriented transactional model along with a family of stream transaction scheduling algorithms that ensure the correctness of concurrent stream execution. We demonstrate the power of ACEP technology by applying it to the development of a healthcare system being deployed in UMass Medical School hospital. Through extensive performance experiments using real data streams, we show that our unique Low-Water-Mark stream transaction scheduler, customized for streaming environments, successfully achieves near-real-time system responsiveness and gives orders-of-magnitude better throughput than our alternative schedulers.
Correction: From micron to nano-curcumin by sophorolipid co-processing: highly enhanced bioavailability, fluorescence, and anti-cancer efficacy (2015)

Correction for ‘From micron to nano-curcumin by sophorolipid co-processing: highly enhanced bioavailability, fluorescence, and anti-cancer efficacy’ by Pradeep Kumar Singh <italic>et al.</italic> , <italic>RSC Adv.</italic> , 2014, <bold>4</bold> , 60334–60341.
Axially symmetric polarization converter made of patterned liquid crystal quarter wave plate (2012)

We present a method to fabricate a radially and azimuthally polarized light converter by deploying a patterned liquid crystal (LC) quarter-wave plates (QWP). The patterned QWP has been fabricated by providing the axially symmetric alignment to the LC layer by mean of photo-alignment. When the left handed circularly (LHC) or right handed circularly (RHC) polarized light passes through these patterned QWPs, the emergent light becomes radially or azimuthally polarized. Moreover, the proposed polarization converters are characterized by the fast response time, thus could find application in various fast photonic devices.
A Tensor-Based Approach for Big Data Representation and Dimensionality Reduction (2014)

Variety and veracity are two distinct characteristics of large-scale and heterogeneous data. It has been a great challenge to efficiently represent and process big data with a unified scheme. In this paper, a unified tensor model is proposed to represent the unstructured, semistructured, and structured data. With tensor extension operator, various types of data are represented as subtensors and then are merged to a unified tensor. In order to extract the core tensor which is small but contains valuable information, an incremental high order singular value decomposition (IHOSVD) method is presented. By recursively applying the incremental matrix decomposition algorithm, IHOSVD is able to update the orthogonal bases and compute the new core tensor. Analyzes in terms of time complexity, memory usage, and approximation accuracy of the proposed method are provided in this paper. A case study illustrates that approximate data reconstructed from the core set containing 18% elements can guarantee 93% accuracy in general. Theoretical analyzes and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed unified tensor model and IHOSVD method are efficient for big data representation and dimensionality reduction.
Electrochemical tuning the optical properties of crystalline colloidal arrays composed of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) coated silica particles (2007)

The position and height of the reflection peak of a hydrogel-encapsulated crystalline colloidal array composed of silica particles with a coating of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) could be varied through electrochemical means. This optical tuning was achieved by altering the complex refractive index of the PEDOT shell through a manipulation of its redox state, specifically the absorption characteristics. A mediated electron transfer system was employed to ferry charge from the electrodes of the cell to the isolated particles for both the oxidation and reduction processes. The mediators diffused between the electrode surfaces and the PEDOT-coated particles to accomplish (de)doping of the entire colloidal array. The reflected peak from an ordered array exhibited a significant drop in height during a typical reduction process, dropping to 40% of its original height, though the peak height could be reinstated by re-oxidizing the particles with an imposed bias shift to the cell.
Mechanical transient‐based magnetic resonance elastography (2005)

Magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) is a technique for quantifying material properties by measuring cyclic displacements of propagating shear waves. As an alternative to dynamic harmonic wave MRE or quasi-steady-state methods, the idea of using a transient impulse for mechanical excitation is introduced. Two processing methods to calculate shear stiffness from transient data were developed. The techniques were tested in phantom studies, and the transient results were found to be comparable to the harmonic wave results. Transient wave based analysis was applied to the brains of six healthy volunteers in order to assess the method in areas of complex wave patterns and geometry. The results demonstrated the feasibility of measuring brain stiffness in vivo using a transient mechanical excitation. Transient and harmonic methods both measure white matter (approximately 12 kPa) to be stiffer than gray matter ( approximately 8 kPa). There were some anatomic differences between harmonic and transient MRE, specifically where the transient results better depicted the deeper structures of the brain.
Laser-Induced Fluorescence Instrument for the Detection of Tropospheric OH Radicals (2002)

Abstract An instrument for the measurement of troposphric OH radical concentrations using a laser-induced fluorescence technique has been developed. Ambient air is expanded through a pinhole into a low-pressure fluorescence cell and irradiated by the second harmonic of a dye laser at a high repetition rate of 1 kHz. The OH radicals are electronically excited using A2Σ+(ν′ = 0) ← X2Π (ν′′ = 0) transitions around 308 nm. The fluorescence from OH radicals is collected by a lens system and detected by a photomultiplier. The photoelectron pulses from the photomultiplier are processed by a photon-counting system. The dynode gate of the photomultiplier and counting gate systems are made to minimize the detection of the chamber and Rayleigh scattering signal. The sensitivity of the developed instrument is calibrated with two methods: one is a long-path absorption technique and the other is a titration technique with simultaneous photolysis of water vapor and oxygen. It is found that the background signal is mainly produced by after-pulse effects in the photomultiplier for the fluorescence detection with a dynode gate system. The minimum detection limit is determined to be 7.0×105 molecules cm-3 for OH radicals with a signal-to-noise ratio of 2 and a signal integration time of 60 s.
Synthesis of palladium–carbon nanotube–metal organic framework composite and its application as electrocatalyst for hydrogen production (2016)

There are very rare reports on using metal–organic framework (MOF) catalysts for electrochemical hydrogen production. In this study, a composite of palladium, single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) and MOF-199 (Pd/SWCNTs@MOF-199) was synthesized by hydrothermal method, and its application as electrocatalyst in carbon paste electrode (CPE) structure for hydrogen production was studied. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and thermal gravimetric analysis were used to characterize Pd/SWCNTs@MOF-199 catalyst. The performance of the proposed modified CPE for electrochemical hydrogen production was studied by cyclic voltammetry, linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and chronoamperometry techniques. The effect of solution pH and the amount of binder and catalyst in the paste composition were investigated. The results showed that the CPE modified with Pd/SWCNTs@MOF-199 reveals better catalytic characteristics such as highest catalytic activity and lowest onset potential compared to CPE and CPE modified with MOF-199 for hydrogen production in aqueous solution.
Carbonium Ion Salts. VIII. Synthesis of Iodoborates and an Improved Route to Triphenylmethyl Iodide<sup>1,2</sup> (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbonium Ion Salts. VIII. Synthesis of Iodoborates and an Improved Route to Triphenylmethyl Iodide1,2Kenneth M. Harmon and Frank E. CummingsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1965, 87, 3, 539–542Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01081a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01081a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views258Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cathodic Deposition of CdTe from Aqueous Electrolytes (1978)

of well‐defined composition has been deposited cathodically from an aqueous solution of and . Films with a rest potential of < −0.3Vvs. SCE are n‐type, those with a rest potential > −0.3V vs. SCE are p‐type semiconductors. The rate of deposition increases with stirring rate; it is proportional to the concentration but independent of the concentration. Films deposited at room temperature are amorphous, those deposited at higher temperatures are partly crystalline, the degree of crystallinity increasing with deposition temperature. Grain sizes are in the range 500–1000Å. Annealing at 350°C causes the crystallite size to increase to ≥0.5 μm.
Development of TiSiN CVD process using TiCl<sub>4</sub>/SiH<sub>4</sub>/NH<sub>3</sub>chemistry for ULSI anti-oxidation barrier applications (2004)

CVD-TiSiN may be promising material for O2 diffusion-barrier films in ultra-large scale integrated (ULSI) circuit applications, especially for dynamic random-access memory (DRAM) capacitors. We developed a method for introducing Si into TiN, which is a common material used for diffusion-barrier films. TiSiN films were deposited by reacting TiCl4, SiH4, and NH3 in a hot-wall CVD reactor. We measured TiSiN film deposition rates, composition, crystal structure, and resistivity as a function of SiH4 partial pressure. Adding Si to TiN converts the TiN film structure from columnar grains to columnar-free structure films, thereby effectively removing the diffusion paths for O2. The resistivity of TiSiN films was increased by adding SiH4 to the reactant gas. With an increase in SiH4 partial pressure up to PsiH4 = 0.8 Torr, the resistivity gradually increased, but for PsiH4 = 1.2 Torr, the phase present in the film was almost SiN and its resistivity jumped up. TiSiN film rapid thermal annealing was performed to evaluate the anti-oxidation performance at the temperature range from 400 to 600 °C in 100 Torr of O2. For an increase the Si concentration up to 4.4 at.% improved anti-oxidation performance of TiSiN films. Flow modulation chemical vapor deposition (FMCVD) was used to create TiSiN films with low Cl concentration and improved anti-oxidation performance.
Visualization of test information to assist fault localization (2002)

One of the most expensive and time-consuming components of the debugging process is locating the errors or faults. To locate faults, developers must identify statements involved in failures and select suspicious statements that might contain faults. This paper presents a new technique that uses visualization to assist with these tasks. The technique uses color to visually map the participation of each program statement in the outcome of the execution of the program with a test suite, consisting of both passed and failed test cases. Based on this visual mapping, a user can inspect the statements in the program, identify statements involved in failures, and locate potentially faulty statements. The paper also describes a prototype tool that implements our technique along with a set of empirical studies that use the tool for evaluation of the technique. The empirical studies show that, for the subject we studied, the technique can be effective in helping a user locate faults in a program.
Pressure Grouting Drilled Shaft Tips: Full-Scale Research Investigation for Silty and Shelly Sands (2002)

The tip (toe) capacity of drilled shafts in sands can often be many times greater than the side shear component; however, the tip capacity is often discounted from the total shaft capacity due to the relatively large displacements required to mobilize this end bearing component. Concerns of soil disturbance at the shaft tip (i.e. insitu stress relief) and cleanliness also discourage the use of end bearing as available capacity within any reasonable service load displacement criteria. Pressure grouting the shaft tip has been successfully employed throughout the world as a method of mitigating these conditions. However, there is an apparent lack of ration design procedures and construction guidelines for its use. In cooperation with the Florida Department of Transportation, the University of South Florida is researching the effects of post-grouting on shaft capacity. This paper describes two sites at which full scale shafts have been tested: (1) five shafts, including one control shaft, tipped in a shelly sand, and (2) three shafts, including one control shaft, tipped in a silty sand. The results of these tests show that significant tip capacity improvement can be realized through the use of pressure grouting drilled shaft tips.
Hollow carbon nanospheres/silicon/alumina core-shell film as an anode for lithium-ion batteries (2015)

Hollow carbon nanospheres/silicon/alumina (CNS/Si/Al₂O₃) core-shell films obtained by the deposition of Si and Al₂O₃ on hollow CNS interconnected films are used as the anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The hollow CNS film acts as a three dimensional conductive substrate and provides void space for silicon volume expansion during electrochemical cycling. The Al2O3 thin layer is beneficial to the reduction of solid-electrolyte interphase (SEI) formation. Moreover, as-designed structure holds the robust surface-to-surface contact between Si and CNSs, which facilitates the fast electron transport. As a consequence, the electrode exhibits high specific capacity and remarkable capacity retention simultaneously: 1560 mA h g(-1) after 100 cycles at a current density of 1 A g(-1) with the capacity retention of 85% and an average decay rate of 0.16% per cycle. The superior battery properties are further confirmed by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and impedance measurement.
Understanding the fast thermal isomerisation of azophenols in glassy and liquid-crystalline polymers (2013)

The good solubility of azophenols in low molar mass liquid crystals together with the ability of their related polymers to form homogeneous nematic and glassy thin films make such azoderivatives valuable chromophores to get a great variety of photoactivatable systems with fast switching speeds under ambient conditions. In fact, the final applicability of these systems is mainly determined by the thermal cis-to-trans isomerisation rate of the photoactive azophenol used, in other words, by the intimate mechanism the reaction goes through. The kinetico-mechanistic study reported herein shows that the rate of the thermal back reaction for azophenols is very sensitive to the local environment where the azo chromophore is located, mainly to its capability to establish hydrogen bonding with its surroundings. With a proper design, azophenol-based polymers can exhibit thermal isomerisation rates as fast as those of the monomers in solution even without the presence of any solvent.
Nanoscale Characterization of Cementitious Materials (2008)

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Interleukin‐6‐induced proliferation of pre‐B cells mediated by receptor complexes lacking the SHP2/SOCS3 recruitment sites revisited (2001)

Interleukin-6 (IL-6) induces B-cell proliferation by binding to receptor complexes composed of a specific alpha-receptor (gp80; CD126) and the signal transducing receptor subunit gp130 (CD130). Immediately after receptor complex activation, signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) 1 and 3 and the Src-homology domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (SHP2) are recruited to gp130 and subsequently tyrosine phosphorylated. The activated dimerized STATs translocate to the nucleus and bind to enhancer elements of IL-6-inducible genes. SHP2 acts as an adapter and links the Jak/STAT pathway to the Ras/Raf/MAPK cascade but it is also involved in signal attenuation. Whereas STAT3 activation appears to be crucial for all biological activities of IL-6, the requirement of SHP2-activation depends on the individual biological response analyzed. The requirement of SHP2 activation for the pre-B cell (Ba/F3) proliferation has been reported previously [Fukada, T., Hibi, M., Yamanaka, Y., Takahashi-Tezuka, M., Fujitani, Y., Yamaguchi, T., Nakajima, K. & Hirano, T. (1996) Immunity 5, 449-460]. In contrast, we have recently demonstrated that the presence of a single STAT-recruitment site within gp130 is sufficient for IL-6- induced proliferation of Ba/F3 cells [Schmitz, J., Dahmen, H., Grimm, C., Gendo, C., Müller-Newen, G., Heinrich, P.C. & Schaper, F. (2000) J. Immunol. 164, 848-854]. To unravel this discrepancy we analyzed the IL-6-induced dose-dependent proliferation of Ba/F3 cells mediated by receptor complexes lacking SHP2/SOCS3 recruitment sites. Surprisingly, pre-B cells, after stimulation with low amounts of IL-6, proliferate much more efficiently in the absence of the activated SHP2 than in the presence of the tyrosine phosphatase. Therefore, SHP2 activation appears to be relevant for IL-6-induced proliferation only after stimulation with very large amounts of IL-6.