gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of Hodgkin and sternberg‐reed cells as a unique cell type derived from a newly‐detected small‐cell population (1982)

In this study the antigenic profile of Hodgkin (H) and Sternberg-Reed (SR) cells from cases of Hodgkin's disease was analysed using a large panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies reactive with cells of lymphoid and haemotopoietic origin. The aim of this investigation was, firstly, to throw light on the origin of H and SR cells and, secondly, to determine whether there is any evidence to support recent suggestions that H and SR cells differ antigenically between different histological categories of Hodgkin's disease. Frozen sections (from 24 cases) and paraffin sections (83 cases) were stained by immunoenzymatic methods and the results compared with those obtained from staining a wide variety of reactive and neoplastic tissue samples (including examples of tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, malignant histiocytosis, histiocytosis X, osteomyelosclerosis and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma). The results revealed that H and SR cells of all types of Hodgkin's disease consistently lack markers found on null cells, B cells, T cells, cells of monocyte/macrophage series, interdigitating reticulum cells, dendritic reticulum cells and erythropoietic and thrombopoietic cells. However, H and SR cells constantly expressed an antigen detectable with the recently produced monoclonal antibody Ki-I. The vast majority of typical and lacunar type H and SR cells contained the granulocyte-related antigens detected by monoclonal antibodies TU5, TU6, TU9 and 3C4, whereas other more or less specific granulopoietic cell markers (such as peroxidase, chloroacetate esterade, lysozyme, cationic leukocyte antigen and OKMI) were consistently absent. H and SR cells in cases of nodular paragranuloma (nodular type of Hodgkin's disease with lymphocyte predominance) were not monotypic in light chain type (as has been previously reported), but rather contained chi and lambda chains within the same cells, as do typical and lacunar type H and SR cells. Immunostaining of normal and hyperplastic lymphoid tissue with the Ki-I antibody led to the detection of a new, as yet unidentified, small-cell population of unknown origin and function, which is present between, around, and within cortical follicles. It is concluded from these findings that H and SR cells constitute a unique cell type that differs in many properties from all other known cell types. Furthermore, H and SR cells of the various histological types of Hodgkin's disease are more closely related than previously believed. It is suggested that the hitherto unknown cell population detected with the monoclonal antibody Ki-I in normal lymphoid tissue is the normal equivalent of H and SR cells.
<title>Laser-projected 3D volumetric displays</title> (1997)

A three dimensional volumetric display system utilizing a rotating helical surface is described. The rotating helix system permits images to be displayed in a three-dimensional format that can be observed without the use of special glasses. Its rotating helical screen sweeps out a cylindrical envelope, providing a volumetric display medium through which scanned laser pulses are projected. The light scatters from the surface of the helix so that each voxel appears to emanate from specific points in space. Each point has x-y-coordinates determined by the laser scanner and a z- coordinate determined by the intersection of the laser beam and the helix surface. Display images are created by synchronizing the interaction of the laser pulses and the moving screen to address a full three-dimensional volume that gives the viewer true depth cues (binocular parallax, accommodation, convergence) without the need for any special viewing aids. We describe recent work on the development of mechanical, optical, electronic, and software engineering for a display system based on a 36-inch diameter helix using high speed, multichannel, random access laser scanners. Color images are created using red, green and blue laser sources. The system is capable of displaying 800,000 voxels per second, per color. A portable, 12-inch diameter, translucent helix system is also presented.
All-optical autonomous first-in–first-out buffer managed with carrier sensing of output packets (2008)

A simple method for optical buffering management without electronic processing is proposed. The buffer system consists of feedback-looped parallel fibers as first-in–first-out buffers and an optical buffer manager. The buffering system has multiple input ports and one output port. The buffer stores incident packets in order of arrival. The manager controls stored packets and output switches of the buffers by sensing packet flow at the output port. The buffer system can be operated autonomously without an external controller. The buffer performance is evaluated with numerical simulation.
Assessment of Hepatitis C Virus RNA Levels by Quantitative Competitive RNA Polymerase Chain Reaction: High-Titer Viremia Correlates with Advanced Stage of Disease (1994)

A quantitative competitive RNA polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) assay was developed for measuring absolute levels of hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA in the sera of 121 viremic persons, including 64 asymptomatic blood donors, 39 symptomatic patients referred for treatment of chronic hepatitis C, and 18 patients with end-stage liver disease referred for liver transplantation. Mean HCV RNA levels (log molecules per milliliter) were lowest among blood donors with normal alanine aminotransferase (ALT) values (5.8 +/- 1.5), higher among blood donors with elevated ALT (6.9 +/- 0.8) and clinic patients with chronic active hepatitis (6.9 +/- 0.7), and highest among patients with cirrhosis (7.1 +/- 0.8) or end-stage liver disease (7.6 +/- 1.0). High-titer viremia ( > or = 7.5 logs/mL) was more frequent among patients with end-stage liver disease (14/18; 78%) than either blood donors (10/64; P < .001) or patients with chronic active hepatitis (7/26; P < .001). Thus, 121 (94.5%) of 128 anti-HCV-positive persons were viremic. QC-PCR may be valuable for monitoring HCV infection status and selecting individuals for therapy.
Noise can speed convergence in Markov chains (2011)

A new theorem shows that noise can speed convergence to equilibrium in discrete finite-state Markov chains. The noise applies to the state density and helps the Markov chain explore improbable regions of the state space. The theorem ensures that a stochastic-resonance noise benefit exists for states that obey a vector-norm inequality. Such noise leads to faster convergence because the noise reduces the norm components. A corollary shows that a noise benefit still occurs if the system states obey an alternate norm inequality. This leads to a noise-benefit algorithm that requires knowledge of the steady state. An alternative blind algorithm uses only past state information to achieve a weaker noise benefit. Simulations illustrate the predicted noise benefits in three well-known Markov models. The first model is a two-parameter Ehrenfest diffusion model that shows how noise benefits can occur in the class of birth-death processes. The second model is a Wright-Fisher model of genotype drift in population genetics. The third model is a chemical reaction network of zeolite crystallization. A fourth simulation shows a convergence rate increase of 64% for states that satisfy the theorem and an increase of 53% for states that satisfy the corollary. A final simulation shows that even suboptimal noise can speed convergence if the noise applies over successive time cycles. Noise benefits tend to be sharpest in Markov models that do not converge quickly and that do not have strong absorbing states.
História de um pequeno grande sucesso educativo (2000)

Na lista de Schindler e mencionado um proverbio judeu - Quem salva um homem, salva a humanidade. Transportando a ideia para o contexto educativo, julgo que Quem conquista um aluno, ganha o ano lectivo.
Chemistry of the Tetracycline Antibiotics. III. 12a-Deoxytetracycline (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry of the Tetracycline Antibiotics. III. 12a-DeoxytetracyclineArthur Green and James H. BootheCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 15, 3950–3953Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01500a039https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01500a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views183Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Laboratory and Field Performance of Consumer Bait Products for German Cockroach (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae) Control (1990)

Bait formulations containing boric acid, chlorpyrifos, or hydramethylnon were evaluated in field and laboratory experiments against the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.). In continuous exposure tests, chlorpyrifos formulations produced 100% mortality in less than 24 h, boric acid formulations had LT50's of approximately 5.5 d, and hydramethylnon had an LT50 of 0.86 d. LT50's estimated in Ebeling choice boxes were 1.6 to 10.8 times greater than those from continuous exposure tests for chlorpyrifos formulations and 2.5 times greater for the hydramethylnon formulation. The same LT50's were produced by choice box and continuous exposure tests for boric acid formulations. Relative repellency, measured as the mean percentage of live cockroaches in the light side of the choice box, was greatest for chlorpyrifos formulations, followed by boric acid formulations, then hydramethylnon. A performance index (PI) that combined choice box repellency and mortality data indicated that hydramethylnon (Combat) had the greatest potential for field effectiveness. Only hydramethylnon significantly reduced German cockroach populations in the field. Apartments treated with the IT WORKS formulation of boric acid bait had significantly greater cockroach trap catches. The PI is an accurate predictor of the field performance of toxic baits for German cockroach control.
Acylation of β‐Amino Esters and Hydrolysis of β‐Amido Esters: <i>Candida antarctica</i> Lipase A as a Chemoselective Deprotection Catalyst (2016)

Abstract N‐Acylation by lipase A from Candida antarctica (CAL‐A) in ethyl butanoate was applied to the kinetic resolution of tert ‐butyl esters of 3‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanoic acid ( E >100), 3‐amino‐4‐methylpentanoic acid ( E >100) and 3‐aminobutanoic acid ( E =60) on 1.0–2.0 m scale. With the N‐acylated resolution products, the exceptional ability of CAL‐A to hydrolyse amides and bulky tert ‐butyl esters was then studied. In all N‐acylated tert ‐butyl esters, chemoselectivity favoured the amide bond cleavage. The tert ‐butyl ester bond was left intact with 3‐amino‐3‐phenylpropanoate, whereas with 3‐amino‐4‐methylpentanoate and 3‐aminobutanoate the CAL‐A‐catalysed hydrolysis of tert‐ butyl ester followed the amide hydrolysis.
A New Larval Tray and Rack System for Improved Mosquito Mass Rearing (2012)

The requirement for efficient mosquito mass rearing technology has been one of the major obstacles preventing the large scale application of the Sterile Insect Technique against mosquitoes. At the Food and Agriculture Organization/International Atomic Energy Agency (FAO/ IAEA) Insect Pest Control Laboratories we developed a larval rearing unit based on the use of a stainless steel rack that operates 50 thermoformed ABS plastic trays and is expected to be able to successfully rear 140,000-175,000 Anopheles arabiensis (Patton) adult mosquitoes per rack. The mechanized rearing unit is simple to handle, maintains minimal water temperature variation and negligible water evaporation and allows normal larval development. The mosquito mass-rearing tray was designed to provide a large surface area of shallow water that would closely mimic natural breeding sites. The trays stack into a dedicated rack structure and filling and draining were easily performed. The close stacking of the trays in the rack and the possibility to tightly line up several racks makes this rearing unit a valid solution for maximal use of the space thus reducing construction, heating, and cooling costs. The low amount of labor required to operate the system also reduces labor costs that represent one of the main expenditures in any mass rearing facility operation. Preliminary experiments performed on Aedes albopictus (Skuse) also confirm the possibility of successfully extending the use of this technology to other mosquito species. Our larval rearing unit could enhance any mosquito control strategy in which large-scale releases of mosquitoes are needed to suppress or replace natural populations.
An improved kilogram-scale preparation of atorvastatin calcium (2015)

The convenient and operationally simple conversion of an advanced intermediate of atorvastatin to the clinically used hemi-calcium salt form of the drug that is superior to the methods obtainable from the literature is now available to facilitate the production of atorvastatin calcium on industrial scale. Graphical abstractStepwise ketal and tert-butyl ester group hydrolysis and a modified work-up protocol lead to a more convenient preparation of API-grade atorvastatin calcium.
Cystic Duct Occlusion and Transcatheter Sclerosis of the Gallbladder in the Rabbit (1986)

We have identified a reliable sclerosant of the gallbladder in rabbits. After ligating the cystic ducts with a silk ligature in 24 rabbits and aspirating the bile from the gallbladder, we instilled a mixture of 95% ethanol and either 2 M% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or 5 M% TFA into the gallbladder. The animals were killed after 6 or 8 weeks. Ethanol with TFA resulted in replacement of gallbladder lumen with fibrous tissue in 22 rabbits. The two sclerosants were equally reliable and produced quantitatively similar fibrosis in the rabbits. The tendency for normal biliary mucosa to repopulate a sclerosed gallbladder can be obviated by complete occlusion of the cystic duct. The parameters for successful transcatheter sclerosis of the gallbladder have now been defined in an animal model.
Design of a Compact Transmission Line Transformer for High Voltage Nanosecond Pulses (2007)

The area of pulsed-power technology covers a broad range of powers (up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">14</sup> W), voltages (up to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> -10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> V), currents (as high as 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6</sup> A or higher) and pulse durations (below 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-8</sup> s). State of the art systems have voltages up to a few hundred kilovolts at pulse lengths down to the nanosecond range. Special applications require extreme field strengths in the range of 1 GV/m. The design of a compact source, meeting the above requirement aims for 1 MV, 1 ns pulses. In this paper, we present a novel compact TLT (transmission line transformer). The TLT consists of 10 coaxial transmission lines which are connected in parallel at the input and in series at the output. To verify the theoretical analysis a model of the transmission line transformer has been simulated by a time domain electromagnetic field solver. An optimized transmission line transformer has been built and first measurements have been performed. The equivalent circuit model and the simulations agree with the experimental results. The effect of secondary mode suppression by means of ferrite has been investigated. Both simulations and experiments showed that ferromagnetic cores around each individual transmissions line in our design can be omitted.
Questioning the Th1/Th2 Paradigm in Reproduction: Peripheral Levels of IL‐12 are Down‐Regulated in Miscarriage Patients (2002)

The classical Th1/Th2 paradigm appears to be insufficient to exclusively explain the causes of pregnancy loss. Our current results render us to requestion the role of Th1 cytokines during pregnancy and suggest some protective function of the Th1-inducer cytokine IL-12.
Comparison of reports on lung function tests made by chest physicians with those made by a simple computer program. (1978)

The numerical results of 60 sets of pulmonary function tests were submitted to five consultant chest physicians for independent reporting. The chest physicians' reports were compared with the reports generated by the on-line computer reporting system in routine use in the pulmonary function laboratory at Westminster Hospital. There was good agreement between the reports of the chest physicians among themselves and with the computer. The individual reports were compared with the consensus opinions of the physicians and the computer. The computer's decisions differed from the consensus opinion in 4.6% of instances. The comparable figures for the five physicians were respectively 2.9%, 2.9%, 2.9%, 4.0%, and 4.6%. Decisions differing from the consensus were due to mistakes or actual sustained disagreements of opinion. The physicians made more mistakes than the computer even though they were performing under test conditions. They made up for this, however, by producing fewer genuine disagreements from the consensus opinions. It is concluded that in routine day-to-day practice the computer report will be as consistently useful as the chest physicians' reports and more immediately available.
Purification of lysyl oxidase from piglet skin by selective interaction with Sephacryl S-200. (1990)

A method is described for the purification of piglet skin lysyl oxidase from a crude urea extract by two simple chromatographic procedures. The method relies on the selective interaction between Sephacryl S-200 and lysyl oxidase that occurs in the absence of urea and in conditions of low ionic strength.
<title>Imaging polarimetry in scene element discrimination</title> (1999)

Recent work has shown that the use of a calibrated digital camera fitted with a rotating linear polarizer can facilitate the study of Stokes parameter images across a wide dynamic range of scene radiance values. Here, we show images of a MacBeth color chips, Spectralon gray scale targets and Kodak gray cards. We also consider a static aircraft mounted on a platform against a clear sky background. We show that the contrast in polarization is greater than for intensity, and that polarization contrast increases as intensity contrast decreases. We also show that there is a great variation in the polarization in and between each of the bandpasses: this variation is comparable to the magnitude of the variation in intensity.
Aromatic esters which inhibit plasmin or thrombin by formation of relatively stable acyl enzymes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAromatic esters which inhibit plasmin or thrombin by formation of relatively stable acyl enzymesGeorge Glover, Chih-Cheng Wang, and Elliott ShawCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1973, 16, 3, 262–266Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00261a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00261a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views52Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
New Non-invasive Automatic Cough Counting Program Based on 6 Types of Classified Cough Sounds (2006)

Our new cough counting program can be sufficiently useful for clinical studies.
Application of tertiary amines with reduced toxicity to the curing process of acrylic bone cements (1997)

4-Dimethylaminobenzyl alcohol (DMOH) and 4-dimethylaminobenzyl methacrylate (DMMO) were used as the activators in the benzoyl peroxide initiated redox polymerization for the preparation of acrylic bone cement based on poly(methylmethacrylate) beads of different particle size. The residual monomer content of the cured cements was about 2 wt %, independent of the redox system used in the polymerization, indicating that the activating effect of the tertiary aromatic amines DMOH or DMMO was sufficient to reach a polymerization conversion similar to that obtained with the benzoyl peroxide (BPO) N,N-dimethyl-4-toluidine (DMT) system. The BPO/DMOH and BPO/DMMO redox systems provided exotherms of decreasing peak temperature and increasing setting time, and the cured materials presented higher average molecular weight and similar glass transition temperatures in comparison with those obtained when DMT was used as the activator. In addition, these activators are three times less toxic than the classical DMT.
Defending against Web Application Vulnerabilities (2011)

Although no single tool or technique can guard against the host of possible attacks, a defense-in-depth approach, with overlapping protections, can help secure Web applications.
Cysteine-rich FGF receptor regulates intracellular FGF-1 and FGF-2 levels (1997)

The cysteine-rich FGF receptor (CFR) is a 150-kD membrane-associated glycoprotein that specifically binds FGFs. CFR protein is not detectable at the cell surface and immunocytochemistry with anti-CFR antibodies demonstrates that CFR is concentrated in the Golgi apparatus. These data suggest CFR does not function as a plasma membrane FGF receptor. CFR expressed in chinese hamster ovary cells reduces the intracellular accumulation of exogenously applied FGF-1 and FGF-2. A mutant CFR lacking the juxtamembrane, transmembrane and intracellular domains is unable to alter intracellular FGF levels. Mutant CFR is detected throughout the cell, indicating that the domains absent in mutant CFR are required for appropriate subcellular localization and the regulation of intracellular FGF levels. Although the activation of plasma membrane receptors is necessary for cellular responses to FGFs, a requirement for intracellular FGF has also been proposed. The subcellular localization of CFR and its ability to regulate the levels of intracellular FGFs suggests that CFR may be involved in intracellular FGF trafficking and the regulation of cellular responses to FGFs.