gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Compartments and appendage development in <i>Drosophila</i> (1995)

The appendages of Drosophila develop from the imaginal discs. During the extensive growth of these discs cell lineages are for the most part unfixed, suggesting a strong role for cell-cell interactions in controlling the final pattern of differentiation. However, during early and middle stages of development, discs are subdivided by strict lineage restrictions into a small number of spatially distinct compartments. These compartments appear to be maintained by stably inheriting states of gene expression; the compartment-specific expression of two such 'selector'-like genes, engrailed and apterous, are critical for anterior-posterior and dorso-ventral compartmentalization, respectively. Recent work suggests that one purpose of compartmentalization is to establish regions of specialized cells near compartment boundaries via intercompartmental induction, using molecules like the hedgehog protein. Thus, compartments can act as organizing centers for patterning within compartments. Evidence for non-compartmental patterning mechanisms will also be discussed.
Volatile Constituents of Guava (<i>Psidium guajava</i>L.) Fruits from Cuba (1999)

Abstract Volatile constituents obtained from four cultivars of guava (Psidium guajava L.) fruits by simultaneous steam distillation-solvent extraction, and analyzed by GC/MS. More than 40 compounds were identified in each cultivar, 17 of which have been identified for the first time as volatile constituents of guava. Each cultivar has a typical composition, characterized by a specific ratio between die main components and classes of substances. The major volatiles were either β-caryophyllene, limonene, 3-phenylpropyl acetate, (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate or (E)-cinnamyl acetate.
Dietary microparticles and their impact on tolerance and immune responsiveness of the gastrointestinal tract (2007)

Dietary microparticles are non-biological bacterial-sized particles of the gastrointestinal lumen that occur due to endogenous formation (calcium phosphate) or following oral exposure (exogenous microparticle). In the UK, about 40 mg (10(12)) of exogenous microparticles are ingested per person per day, through exposure to food additives, pharmaceutical/supplement excipients or toothpaste constituents. Once ingested, exogenous microparticles are unlikely to pass through the gastrointestinal tract without adsorbing to their surfaces some ions and molecules of the intestinal lumen. Both entropy and ionic attraction drive such interactions. Calcium ions are especially well adsorbed by dietary microparticles which then provide a positively charged surface for the attraction (adsorption) of other organic molecules such as lipopolysaccharides, peptidoglycans or protein antigen from the diet or commensal flora. The major (but not only) sites of microparticle entry into intestinal tissue are the M-cell rich lymphoid aggregates (termed Peyer's patches in the small bowel). Indeed, it is well established that this is an efficient transport route for non-biological microparticles although it is unclear why. We hypothesise that this pathway exists for "endogenous microparticles" of calcium phosphate, with immunological and physiological benefit, and that "exogenous dietary microparticles", such as titanium dioxide and the silicates, hijack this route. This overview focuses on what is known of these microparticles and outlines their potential role in immune tolerance of the gut (endogenous microparticles) or immune activation (exogenous microparticles) and inflammation of the gut.
응급의료센터로 내원한 헬기 후송 환자의 현황 및 분석 (1996)

Our haspital is only emergency medical oenter that possess the landing zone of helimpter in chon, Korea An analysis of the present condition of helicopransport patient, was performed in order to pursuit and extend the availability of air transport in the future. The result were as follows; 1)The investigated in the present condition by yearly: 2 cases in 1991, 5 casee in 1992, 4 cases in 1993, 9 cases in 1994, 5 cases in 1995. 2)In the prooportion of male to female, showed a ratio of three to ane [ male;72%(18), female;28%(7)] and showed third decade (7 cases), fifth decade(6 cases), sixth decade(4 cases) in comparison of age. 3)The geographical distribution of occurrence showed island areas (64%), inland areas (36%), and 6 cases of inland areas occurred of mountainous region. 4)One cause of events was traumatic causes(52%), which induded traffic accident(5 cases) & fall down(4 cases). The other cause was disease (48%). ''5)The expended time of helicopter from start to arrive at accident spot within Chon area is from ten minutes to forty-five minutes, as mean expended time is thirty minutes. 6)The expended time from oocurrence of patient to admitted haspital was from minimum twenty-five minutes to maximum eight hours and forty minutes, as mean expended time is one hundred and eight minute 7)After arrived at landing zone, via emergency department to admitted patient; 12 cases, performed emergency operation; 4 cases, D. O. A. state; 2 cases, hopeless discharge; 2 cases, transfer to other hospital; 4 casea Up to now, the present condition of helicopter-transport system was looked upon as petty affairs, and determination of transport was swayed by geographic element rather than severity of injury. And so, it is considered that epochal turning point is necessary for development of helicopter-transport system.
Relation of neutron to ion damage annealing in Si and Ge (1969)

Abstract Structural measurements of neutron and ion damage annealing in Si and Ge are compared and interpreted in terms of the annealing of identified defects. Either or both of two prominent isochronal annealing stages above room temperature in neutron irradiated Si are exhibited by X-ray, electron microscope, infrared, and electrical measurements. It is shown that the same two annealing stages are observed in Rutherford scattering measurements of ion implanted Si. Two similar prominent annealing stages are also observed for structural measurements of neutron and ion irradiated Ge. For both Ge and Si the center temperatures for the two annealing stages are approximately 0.35 and 0.5 times the melting temperature. The annealing kinetics and activation energies for the lower temperature stage in Si are correlated with the kinetics and activation energies obtained by analyzing previously reported results on the effects of the substrate temperature and the ion irradiation rate. From a comparison of the time and temperature dependences of the annealing of electron, neutron, and ion damage in Si, it is concluded that the lower temperature isochronal annealing stage near 200°C and the annealing that governs the dose rate dependence of the crystalline to amorphous transition is a consequence of the annealing of divacancies. Support for this conclusion is given by recent infrared measurements of the annealing of ion produced divacancies in Si. The high temperature stage is shown to be near the temperature observed for the epitaxial growth of Si on Si crystal substrates and is interpreted to be related to the annealing of amorphous Si.
Blocking IL-2 Signal In Vivo with an IL-2 Antagonist Reduces Tumor Growth through the Control of Regulatory T Cells (2018)

IL-2 is critical for peripheral tolerance mediated by regulatory T (Treg) cells, which represent an obstacle for effective cancer immunotherapy. Although IL-2 is important for effector (E) T cell function, it has been hypothesized that therapies blocking IL-2 signals weaken Treg cell activity, promoting immune responses. This hypothesis has been partially tested using anti-IL-2 or anti-IL-2R Abs with antitumor effects that cannot be exclusively attributed to lack of IL-2 signaling in vivo. In this work, we pursued an alternative strategy to block IL-2 signaling in vivo, taking advantage of the trimeric structure of the IL-2R. We designed an IL-2 mutant that conserves the capacity to bind to the αβ-chains of the IL-2R but not to the γ<sub>c</sub>-chain, thus having a reduced signaling capacity. We show our IL-2 mutein inhibits IL-2 Treg cell-dependent differentiation and expansion. Moreover, treatment with IL-2 mutein reduces Treg cell numbers and impairs tumor growth in mice. A mathematical model was used to better understand the effect of the mutein on Treg and E T cells, suggesting suitable strategies to improve its design. Our results show that it is enough to transiently inhibit IL-2 signaling to bias E and Treg cell balance in vivo toward immunity.
Identification of the aminocatechol A-3253 as an in vitro poison of DNA topoisomerase I from Candida albicans (1995)

The aminocatechol A-3253 is active against several pathogenic fungi, including Candida albicans, Cryptococcus albidus, and Aspergillus niger. A-3253 interferes with both the in vitro biosynthesis of (1,3)-beta-glucan and the activity of topoisomerases I isolated from Candida spp. It is likely that one or more of the enzymes involved in glucan biosynthesis rather than topoisomerase I is the primary intracellular target of A-3253, since a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae lacking topoisomerase I is as susceptible to A-3253 as cells containing wild-type levels of topoisomerase I. However, the interaction of A-3253 with topoisomerase I in vitro is of interest since the Candida topoisomerase is more susceptible to A-3253 than is the topoisomerase I isolated from human HeLa cells. A-3253 is both a reversible inhibitor of topoisomerase I catalysis and a reversible poison of topoisomerase I, and in both reactions the fungal topoisomerase I is more susceptible than the human topoisomerase I to A-3253. In contrast, an earlier study found that the human topoisomerase I is more susceptible than the fungal topoisomerase to camptothecin (J. M. Fostel, D. A. Montgomery, and L. L. Shen, Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 36:2131-2138, 1992). Taken together with the response to camptothecin, the greater susceptibility of the Candida topoisomerase I to A-3253 suggests that there are structural differences between the human and fungal type I topoisomerases which can likely be exploited to allow for the development of antifungal agents which act against the fungal topoisomerase and which have minimal activity against the human enzyme.
Chemical feedstocks from wood: aqueous organic alcohol treatment (1980)

Treatment of wood with an aqueous organic solvent has been found to be effective in removing lignin and hemicellulose from the cellulose fibers. This paper reviews the recent work with aqueous organic solvents conducted at the University of Alabama. Emphasis on the rate of lignin removal and the extent of pulp recovery is included. The use of the data to make preliminary process calculations regarding technical and economic feasibility is also addressed with comparisons to recent work reported in the literature.
Mal de debarquement, motion sickness and the effect of an artificial horizon (2014)

The significant correlations found between motion sickness severity and mal de debarquement duration and severity imply that both syndromes might stem from a failure to adapt to new motion conditions. There is a disparity between the previously reported reduction in motion sickness symptoms by an artificial horizon, and its failure to influence the duration and symptoms of mal de debarquement. This might be explained by the different response in the two syndromes, physical versus cognitive.
The Impact of Commercial Exploitation on Sawfish and Shark Populations in Lake Nicaragua (1982)

The Lake Nicaragua Río San Juan System harbors two classical examples of freshwater adaptation by elasmobranchs, the bull shark, Carcharhinus leucas, and the largetooth sawfish, Pristis perotteti. The bull shark is heavily concentrated around the river mouth and reproduces along the coast. The sparser population in the lake is recruited almost entirely through upstream movements from the lower river. Relatively heavy, year round commercial fishing around the river mouth since the late 1960's has sharply reduced the shark population in the lake. Since the shark fishery is primarily in Costa Rican waters, control and management can be effected only by a cooperative agreement between Costa Rica and Nicaragua, which has not yet been reached. The sawfish lives and reproduces primarily in the lake, where until 1970 a heavy concentration occurred, with relatively few being found in the lower river. Since 1970 heavy commercial fishing for sawfish has been carried on in Lake Nicaragua. A sharp reduction in the population became evident within two years. Early and continued warnings were sounded and attempts were made by the Division of Fisheries to control the operation. However, controlling interest in the fishery was held by individuals highly placed in the government. They continued to fish with no regard for the survival of the sawfish, but with the sole purpose of exploiting the resource until it was no longer profitable, and the population in the lake was reduced to a dangerously low level. The Fisheries Institute of the new Nicaraguan government has finally placed in effect a two year moratorium on the fishing of both sharks and sawfish in Lake Nicaragua and has started a program of research and monitoring of the sawfish population to develop a management program. Time will tell if the unique resource of Nicaragua has been saved.
Effects of Temperature and Pressure on the Upper Explosive Limit of Methane-Oxygen Mixtures (1929)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEffects of Temperature and Pressure on the Upper Explosive Limit of Methane-Oxygen MixturesC. M. Cooper and P. J. WiezevichCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1929, 21, 12, 1210–1214Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1929Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1929https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50240a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50240a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Sintered Carbonate Apatites as Bone Substitutes (1997)

Sintering of carbonate apatites was investigated and the usefulness of sintered specimens as bone substitutes was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Osteoclasts appeared to be capable of resorbing sintered carbonate apatite, which was as soluble as deproteinated bone and much more soluble than sintered hydroxyapatite in weak acids. In skull defects of Wistar rats, sintered carbonate apatite particles resorbed to an appreciable extent, but the rate of resorption did not exceed that of new bone formation. At 4 weeks after implantation the defects were filled almost completely with new bone that compared favorably with the host bone. These findings suggest that sintered carbonate apatites would be useful as bioresorbable bone substitutes.
Using smart materials to monitor physiological signals of driver's inattention (2013)

The HARKEN project gathers a consortium of European research centres and enterprises that produce vehicle components, smart materials, and sensors for biomonitoring, to create a physiological monitor integrated in the car. This system is in constant contact with the driver's body through the car seat cover and the safety belt, and it monitors the physiological, mechanical activity related to respiration and the cardiac cycle. Redundant measures of vibrations and artefacts that may distort these signals are used to improve their quality by means of adaptive filters, programmed in a signal processing unit. (Paper No. 78-P).
Prioritization of Unit Testing on non-object oriented using a top-down based approach (2014)

The issue which makes Unit Testing so tough is the ambiguous ways that the software world keeps moving forward. Although sometimes by implementing simple unit testing methods, this task become easy to handle. However to achieve a comprehensive unit testing it is supposed to test all corners of software such as database, devices, communication etc. This paper proposes an orthogonal software testing approach based on Top-Down technique which treats the input parameters of a software unit in an orthogonal partitioning to dynamic level of testing. Describes how test cases are statistically for each trial of software testing steps and makes a dynamic partitioning approach on non-object oriented experiments. The adequacy of the generated test cases can be validated by examining testing coverage metrics. The authors have considered using of different partitioning and mock objects help to make an isolated testing, improve code's structure and automated testing possibility. The results of the test case executions can be analyzed in order to find the “IF” metrics for partitioning the traceable ways and detecting defects, to generate more effective test cases in future testing, and to help locate and correct defects in the early stage of testing.
Enantioselective synthesis of cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]benzofurans <i>via</i> an organocatalytic intramolecular double cyclization (2017)

An enantioselective organocatalytic strategy, combining Brønsted base and N-heterocyclic carbene catalysis in a unique manner, is demonstrated for a concise construction of the privileged cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]benzofuran scaffold, present in many bioactive compounds having both academic and commercial interests. The reaction concept relies on an intramolecular one-pot double cyclization involving a cycle-specific enantioselective Michael addition followed by a benzoin condensation of <i>ortho</i>-substituted cinnamaldehydes. Cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]benzofurans were achieved in moderate to good yields, with excellent stereoselectivities. A proof of principle for a diastereodivergent variation is demonstrated through the synthesis of cyclopenta[<i>b</i>]benzofurans containing two contiguous aromatic substituents in a substitution pattern present in commercial and natural compounds. Furthermore, several transformations have been performed, demonstrating the synthetic utility of the products. Finally, insights into the activation mode and stereoindution models are presented for this new synthetic strategy.
Pterin-Dependent Mono-oxidation for the Microbial Synthesis of a Modified Monoterpene Indole Alkaloid (2015)

Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) have important therapeutic value, including as anticancer and antimalarial agents. Because of their chemical complexity, therapeutic MIAs, or advanced intermediates thereof, are often isolated from the native plants. The microbial synthesis of MIAs would allow for the rapid and scalable production of complex MIAs and MIA analogues for therapeutic use. Here, we produce the modified MIA hydroxystrictosidine from glucose and the monoterpene secologanin via a pterin-dependent mono-oxidation strategy. Specifically, we engineered the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the high-level synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin to mono-oxidize tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan, which, after decarboxylation to serotonin, is coupled to exogenously fed secologanin to produce 10-hydroxystrictosidine in an eight-enzyme pathway. We selected hydroxystrictosidine as our synthetic target because hydroxylation at the 10' position of the alkaloid core strictosidine provides a chemical handle for the future chemical semisynthesis of therapeutics. We show the generality of the pterin-dependent mono-oxidation strategy for alkaloid synthesis by hydroxylating tyrosine to L-DOPA-a key intermediate in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) biosynthesis-and, thereafter, further converting it to dopamine. Together, these results present the first microbial synthesis of a modified alkaloid, the first production of tetrahydrobiopterin in yeast, and the first use of a pterin-dependent mono-oxidation strategy for the synthesis of L-DOPA. This work opens the door to the scalable production of MIAs as well as the production of modified MIAs to serve as late intermediates in the semisynthesis of known and novel therapeutics. Further, the microbial strains in this work can be used as plant pathway discovery tools to elucidate known MIA biosynthetic pathways or to identify pathways leading to novel MIAs.
Na(+)-independent, H(+)-coupled transepithelial beta-alanine absorption by human intestinal Caco-2 cell monolayers. (1993)

beta-Alanine transport across intact human intestinal epithelial (Caco-2) cell layers has been investigated. In Na(+)-containing solutions, net absorptive flux of beta-alanine from apical-to-basal surfaces is small or absent, despite Na(+)-dependent intracellular beta-alanine accumulation across both apical and basal surfaces. Upon apical acidification (apical pH 6.0, basal pH 7.5), beta-alanine absorptive flux and accumulation across the apical surface are increased. In Na(+)-free conditions, a significant absorptive flux of beta-alanine is observed, which is markedly stimulated upon apical acidification (pH 6.0). Cellular accumulation of beta-alanine across the apical but not basal surface is observed in Na(+)-free conditions, and this is increased by acidic (pH 6.0) solutions. Absorptive beta-alanine flux in Na(+)-free conditions with acidic apical solutions displays saturation kinetics and competitive inhibition by alanine and glycine, but not valine or serine. Addition of 20 mM beta-alanine to the apical solution of epithelial monolayers loaded with the pH indicator 2',7'-bis(2-carboxyethyl-5(6)-carboxyfluorescein) causes a marked decrement in intracellular pH. beta-Alanine transport is also electrogenic, a concentration-dependent increase in an inward short circuit current being observed in voltage-clamped epithelial monolayers. We conclude that a proton-dependent, but Na(+)-independent, amino acid transporter is expressed at the apical membrane of human intestinal Caco-2 cells, and we provide direct evidence for amino acid-stimulated proton influx across the apical membrane in this intact epithelial cell system.
New Reference Measurement System for Calibration of VLF High Voltage (2011)

A reference measuring system for 200 kV from very low frequencies (0.1 Hz, VLF) up to 50 Hz based on traditional high-voltage components, such as compressed gas capacitors, has been developed and verified. The verification of the measuring system has been performed by two experimental methods, one directly measuring the scale factor and one using measurements over the frequency and voltage range of the components of the measuring system. The frequency dependence of the measuring system proved to be one of the dominating uncertainties and was extensively researched. Proper correction for known errors and estimation of uncertainty contributions proved that traceable measurement of VLF voltage can be made with an uncertainty of less than 0.038% up to a voltage of 200 kV. This measurement service has been notified to be included in SP entries for Bureau International des Poids et Mesures key comparison database and can serve an important need for the cable industry.