gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Temperature-Responsive Chromatographic Separation of Amino Acid Phenylthiohydantoins Using Aqueous Media as the Mobile Phase (2000)

Recently, green chemistry has become one of the most important subjects of science for environmental pollution prevention. Here, we report development of a novel chromatographic technology for phenylthiohydantoin (PTH)-amino acid analyses in which only aqueous solution is used as the mobile phase. We have devised HPLC adsorbents (stationary phase) by modifying the surfaces of microparticulate silica gel using functional polymers. The thermoresponsive copolymer, poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-n-butyl methacrylate) (IBc) was used to modify the silica stationary phase surfaces. This polymer-grafted surface exhibits temperature-regulated hydrophilic/hydrophobic property changes in water. PTH-amino acid interactions with this surface are readily modulated by changing the column temperature using an isocratic aqueous mobile phase. Increasing hydrophobic interactions between more hydrophobic PTH-amino acids with hydrophobized polymer-grafted surfaces at elevated mobile phase temperatures is used for the effective separation of PTH-amino acids in aqueous solution. This study is aimed at the development of novel separation processes, which are also environmentally benign, for use with biochemical substances in order to meet the growing needs of the life sciences and biotechnology. The method is useful for various separations in life science so that proteins can maintain their biological activity and enzymes, their enzymatic activity.
Iterative Methods for Solving Non-Linear Equations (1989)

In this chapter we study iterative methods for solving non-linear difference schemes. In Section 13.1 we outline the general theory of iterative methods for abstract non-linear operator equations in a Hilbert space; various assumptions concerning the operators are considered. In Section 13.2, we look at the application of the general theory to the solution of difference analogs of boundary-value problems for quasi-linear second-order elliptic equations.
Tolerance in the Absence of Autoantigen (2007)

Regulatory T (T(reg)) cells show promise for treating autoimmune diseases, but their induction to elevated potency has been problematic when the most optimally derived cells are from diseased animals. To circumvent reliance on auto-antigen reactive T(reg) cells, stimulation to vaccine antigens (Ags) may offer a viable alternative while maintaining potency to protect against proinflammatory diseases. Our Salmonella vaccine expressing colonization factor Ag I (CFA/I) possesses anti-inflammatory properties, evident by elevated Th2 cell responses, reduced inflammatory cell infiltrates in the Peyer's patches, and an absence of proinflammatory cytokine production by infected macrophages. Given these findings, we hypothesized whether this vaccine would be protective against experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). As such, Salmonella-CFA/I protected in both prophylactic and therapeutic paradigms against proteolipid protein (PLP(139-151))-mediated EAE in SJL mice. The protected mice showed significantly reduced clinical disease and subsequent resolution when compared to PBS-treated controls. Histopathological studies showed reduced demyelination and no inflammation of spinal cords when compared to PBS- or Salmonella vector-treated mice. To ascertain whether the observed immune deviation was in part supported by T(reg) cells, analysis revealed involvement of FoxP3(+) CD25(+) CD4(+) T cells. Adoptive transfer of induced TGF-beta (+) T(reg) cells from vaccinated mice showed complete protection against PLP(139-151) challenge, but not by naive T(reg) cells. Partial protection to EAE was also achieved by the adoptive transfer of CD25(-) CD4(+) T cells, suggesting that Th2 cells also contributed. Thus, these data show that T(reg) cells are induced by oral vaccination with Salmonella-CFA/I contributing to the efficacious treatment of autoimmune disease.
8-Substituted cAMP Analogues Reveal Marked Differences in Adaptability, Hydrogen Bonding, and Charge Accommodation between Homologous Binding Sites (AI/AII and BI/BII) in cAMP Kinase I and II (2000)

cAMP analogues, systematically substituted at position 8 of the adenine moiety (C8), were tested quantitatively for binding to each cAMP interaction site (A and B) of the regulatory subunits of cAMP-dependent protein kinase type I (RI) and II (RII). Site AII did not accommodate cAMP analogues with any bulk at position 8, whereas site AI accepted even bulky 8-substituents. This implies that the narrow, buried pocket of site AI facing position C8 of cAMP in the RI-cAMP crystal [Su, Y., Dostmann, W. R., Herberg, F. W., Durick, K., Xuong, N. H., Ten Eyck, L., Taylor, S. S., and Varughese, K. I. (1995) Science 269, 807-813] must undergo considerable conformational change and still support high-affinity cAMP analogue binding. The B sites of RI and RII differed in three respects. First, site BI had a lower affinity than site BII for cAMP analogues with hydrophobic, bulky 8-substituents. Second, site BI had a preference for substituents with hydrogen bonding donor potential close to C8, whereas site BII had a preference for substituents with hydrogen bonding acceptor potential. This implies that Tyr(371) of RI and the homologous Tyr(379) of RII differ in their hydrogen bonding preference. Third, site BI preferred analogues with a positively charged amino group that was an extended distance from C8, whereas site BII discriminated against a positive charge. The combined results allow refinement of the cAMP binding site geometry of RI and RII in solution, and suggest design of improved isozyme-specific cAMP analogues.
MICROSTRUCTURES, TRANSFORMATIONS AND PROPER-TIES OF OXIDATION-RESISTANT, IRON-BASE, ALUMINUM-MODIFIED ALLOYS (1982)

The effect of different cooling rates on the microstructure and properties of an Fe-BAI-6Mo-O.25Nb-O.BZr-O.lCe-O.lCalloy, initially heat treated at 900CC for one hour, we~ investigated.Electron diffraction and microscopy revealed that air cooled specimens contain a uniform distribution of second o phase particles of approximately 3000A in diameter consisting principally of Iron, Molybdenu,:" and Niobiu,m.Evidence of 00 3 ordered particles was also found at this cooling rate.Oil-quenched and water-quenched specimens presented a more distorted matrix with a smaller grain size but the presence of second phase particles was not evident.Mechanical strength and hardness were higher and ductility lower for the slowly cooled specimens.However, oxidation resistance at lOOOCC in air showed only slight variation with cooling rate, and compared favorably with two austenitic stainless steels subjected to the same treatment.It is concluded that the substitution of Aluminum for Chromium and Nickel in Iron-base alloys can be made with little or no loss of favorable microstructures and properties characteristic of stainless steels.' .
NREC: risk assessment and planning of complex designs (1997)

Estimating the nonrecurring engineering (NRE) design cost constitutes an essential part of the investment-risk assessment and planning phases of new product development. A product's NRE design cost is the number of staff-months required to successfully complete its design. This information is essential in determining the human resources needed to meet a project's time-to-market constraints. For low-complexity development processes that target relatively stable products, relying on experienced managers to produce NRE design cost estimates is reasonable. But microprocessor design and other leading-edge product development processes often involve hundreds of designers, perhaps located at geographically distinct sites, and consist of a formidable number of tasks. These processes require a more systematic way of generating NRE design cost estimates. To that end, the authors have developed an NRE design cost estimation model and implemented it in a tool called NREC. NREC assists managers in making a fine-grained estimate of a project's NRE design costs, from requirements to final layout, as well as in tracking and assessing costs of completed projects. The tool also enables managers to systematically validate and tune the cost model's parameters according to the particular history of a project's design environment.
Linguistic Steganography Using Automatically Generated Paraphrases (2010)

An increasing number of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) are presenting with synchronous disease to the liver. The optimal surgical approach for this complex patient group is controversial, but ultimately depends on individual patient characteristics and institutional practices. Surgical strategies include the traditional staged approach, a combined colorectal and liver resection, or a liver-first reverse approach. In this review, the authors will provide an overview of each strategy, including case examples demonstrating the benefits of the more recently described liver-first approach, while arguing for individualized planning and multidisciplinary discussion for every patient.
Highly stable wavefront control using a hybrid liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (2006)

We have developed a hybrid liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (LC-SLM) in which a reflection-type optically addressed (OA) LC-SLM is combined with a liquid crystal display (LCD) via coupling optics. The LCD is controlled by 8-bit video signals. This construction allows us to eliminate diffraction artifacts due to the pixellated structure of the LCD from the modulated light of the hybrid LC-SLM and enables the hybrid device to be electrically addressed. Nematic liquid crystal molecules in the OA LC-SLM are homogeneously aligned to create pure phase modulation having a variation of one wavelength. These features make the hybrid LC-SLM suitable for wavefront control. Wavefront control with large phase stroke and high stability is desirable to realize high-quality adaptive optics, high-quality optical manipulation, and so forth. Therefore, we experimentally investigated the stroke and stability of the phase modulation of the hybrid LC-SLM. We used the wrapped-phase representation to expand the phase stroke virtually. The results show that the hybrid LC-SLM could produce a phase stroke of more than 20 wavelengths and a phase instability of less than 0.001 wavelengths. We also conducted an experiment to compensate for the nonlinearity of the phase modulation. The results suggest that nonlinearity could be suppressed to less than 1%, and that approximately 200 gray levels over one wavelength of phase variation were available, even after compensation.
Direct And Mediated Anodic Oxidation of Organic Pollutants (2009)

Literature results summarized in this review show that there are two main strategies for anodic oxidation of organic compounds. The first is to perform electrolysis at a high anodic potential in the region of water discharge, with the participation of intermediates of electrogenerated hydroxyl radicals. The nature of electrode material strongly affects both process selectivity and efficiency. In particular, anodes with low oxygen evolution overpotential, such as graphite, IrO2, RuO2 and Pt permit only partial oxidation of organics, while anodes with high oxygen evolution overpotential, such as SnO2, PbO2 and BDD, favour complete oxidation of organics to CO2, therefore they are ideal electrodes for wastewater treatment. Among them, BDD anodes show the highest removal rate and stability, and are thus promising anodes for industrial-scale wastewater treatment. The second strategy is to oxidize pollutants by indirect electrolysis, generating a redox reagent in situ as chemical reactant. The inorganic mediator can be a metallic redox couple, used for waste material disposal with over 15-20% organic content, or a chemical reagent (e.g. chlorine, ozone, peroxides). With indirect electrolysis there are no mass transfer limitation problems, but it either requires separation of metallic redox couples or produces secondary pollution. Although laboratory and pilot tests have been successful, industrial applications of these methods are still limited, due to relatively high energy consumption of the electrochemical methods. However, thanks to the development of new electrode materials, electrochemical oxidation could be increasingly applied in the future, due to specific advantages for certain applications over other technologies. Moreover, energy consumption could be reduced using so-called “advanced electrochemical oxidation processes”, based on the combination of anodic and cathodic electrogeneration of highly oxidizing hydroxyl radicals.
PA<sub>63</sub> Channel of Anthrax Toxin:  An Extended β-Barrel (2002)

Anthrax toxin consists of three protein components: protective antigen (PA), lethal factor (LF), and edema factor (EF). PA(63), generated by protease "nicking" of whole PA, is responsible for delivering the toxin's catalytic fragments (LF and EF) to the target cell's cytosol. In planar bilayer membranes, trypsin-nicked PA makes cation-selective voltage-gated channels with a pore diameter of > or =12 A. The channels are presumed to be heptameric "mushrooms", with an extracellular "cap" region and a membrane-inserted, beta-barrel "stem". Although the crystal structure of the water-soluble monomeric form has been resolved to 2.1 A and that of the heptameric "prepore"" to 4.5 A, the structure for the membrane-bound channel (pore) has not been determined. We have engineered mutant channels that are cysteine-substituted in residues in the putative beta-barrel, and identified the residues lining the channel lumen by their accessibility to a water-soluble sulfhydryl-specific reagent. The reaction with lumen-exposed cysteinyl side chains causes a drop in channel conductance, which we used to map the residues that line the pore. Our results indicate that the beta-barrel structure extends beyond the bilayer and involves residues that are buried in the monomer. The implication is that major rearrangement of domains in the prepore cap region is required for membrane insertion of the beta-barrel stem.
Estimation of distance-based metrics for very large graphs with MinHash Signatures (2017)

We propose a highly efficient and effective algorithm to estimate metrics on very large graphs that are based on the neighborhood function: examples of such metrics are the (effective) diameter and (effective) radius or the average distance. In order to efficiently provide good approximations to the size of the neighborhood set of any node, we refer to the MinHash Signatures approach to derive compressed representations of large sparse datasets but preserving similarity. The technique introduced here, named MinHash Signature Estimation (MHSE), exploits the similarity between signatures to estimate the size of the neighborhood function. We show that MHSE is as effective as HyperANF, which is considered the state of art approach for the estimation of the effective diameter of a very large graph. Indeed, performing both parametric (t-test) and non-parametric (Wilcoxon) statistical tests on residuals for average distance, effective diameter and number of connected pairs, the p-values show that MHSE tends to be more statistically significant than HyperANF. On the other hand, we show that MHSE is a very simple and easily distributable algorithm. In addition, by the property of the signatures to preserve similarity between neighborhoods of nodes, the algorithm can be suitably applied to allow to search and estimate the overlapping size of the most similar neighborhood at different distances.
The Impact of Leaky Asylum Boats on the Federal Election (2007)

The Howard Government has announced a grant of refugee status to 72 Sri Lankan asylum seekers detained on Nauru. The issues in contention are the Pacific solution operating out of Nauru and the use of the new Christmas Island detention centre. The Australian Labor Party is committed to abolishing the Pacific solution, while maintaining Christmas Island. Many refugee advocates want Labor to abandon Christmas Island as well.
Testing platelet mass versus platelet count to guide platelet transfusions in the neonatal intensive care unit (2009)

The use of PLT mass-based NICU transfusion guidelines was associated with fewer PLT transfusions and no recognized increase in hemorrhagic problems.
Analysis of Static Electricity Generated in Petroleum Pipeline Transportation Based on the Generalized Gray Incidence Model (2016)

In order to reduce the accidents caused by static electricity, simulative experiments were carried out to obtain the relationship between electrostatic and six factors in petroleum pipeline transportation. The electrostatic current generated in simulative petroleum pipeline was measured. After several groups of experiments, six factors were determined to be of great influence on the electrostatic generation, namely the length of petroleum pipeline, the diameter of pipeline, the roughness of pipeline, the velocity of oil flow, the electrical resistivity and the kinematic viscosity of oil material in the pipeline. The experimental data are analyzed based on the Generalized Gray Incidence Model, and then from its ranking results, the most critical factor and lesser important ones can be distinguished. The experimental data and analysis results show that the velocity of fluid is the most critical factor leading to the generation of static electricity.
Improving latency-controlled BLSTM acoustic models for online speech recognition (2017)

Bidirectional long short-term memory (BLSTM) recurrent neural networks are powerful acoustic models in terms of recognition accuracy. When BLSTM acoustic models are used in decoding, the speech decoder needs to wait until the end of a whole sentence is reached, such that forward-propagation in the backward direction can then be performed. The nature of BLSTM acoustic models makes them inappropriate for real-time online speech recognition because of the latency issue. Recently, the context-sensitive-chunk BLSTM and latency-controlled BLSTM acoustic models have been proposed, both chop a whole sentence into several overlapping chunks. By appending several left and/or right contextual frames, forward-propagation of BLSTM can be down within a controlled time delay, while the recognition accuracy is maintained when comparing with conventional BLSTM models. In this paper, two improved versions of latency-controlled BLSTM acoustic models are presented. By using different types of neural network topology to initialize the BLSTM memory cell states, we aim at reducing the computational cost introduced by the contextual frames and enabling faster online recognition. Experimental results on a 320-hour Switchboard task have shown that the improved versions accelerate from 24% to 61% in decoding without significant loss in recognition accuracy.
Elevated CC Chemokine Level in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Is Predictive of a Poor Outcome of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (2009)

Elevated levels of CCL2, CCL17 and CCL22 in BAL fluid might be predictive of a poor outcome in patients with IPF.
Epigenetic reprogramming in liver fibrosis and cancer (2017)

Novel insights into the epigenetic control of chronic liver diseases are now emerging. Recent advances in our understanding of the critical roles of DNA methylation, histone modifications and ncRNA may now be exploited to improve management of fibrosis/cirrhosis and cancer. Furthermore, improved technologies for the detection of epigenetic markers from patients' blood and tissues will vastly improve diagnosis, treatment options and prognostic tracking. The aim of this review is to present recent findings from the field of liver epigenetics and to explore their potential for translation into therapeutics to prevent disease promoting epigenome reprogramming and reverse epigenetic changes.
Gain-of-Function Phenotypes of Many <i>CLAVATA3/ESR</i> Genes, Including Four New Family Members, Correlate with Tandem Variations in the Conserved <i>CLAVATA3/ESR</i> Domain (2006)

Secreted peptide ligands are known to play key roles in the regulation of plant growth, development, and environmental responses. However, phenotypes for surprisingly few such genes have been identified via loss-of-function mutant screens. To begin to understand the processes regulated by the CLAVATA3 (CLV3)/ESR (CLE) ligand gene family, we took a systems approach to gene identification and gain-of-function phenotype screens in transgenic plants. We identified four new CLE family members in the Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) genome sequence and determined their relative transcript levels in various organs. Overexpression of CLV3 and the 17 CLE genes we tested resulted in premature mortality and/or developmental timing delays in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. Overexpression of 10 CLE genes and the CLV3 positive control resulted in arrest of growth from the shoot apical meristem (SAM). Overexpression of nearly all the CLE genes and CLV3 resulted in either inhibition or stimulation of root growth. CLE4 expression reversed the SAM proliferation phenotype of a clv3 mutant to one of SAM arrest. Dwarf plants resulted from overexpression of five CLE genes. Overexpression of new family members CLE42 and CLE44 resulted in distinctive shrub-like dwarf plants lacking apical dominance. Our results indicate the capacity for functional redundancy of many of the CLE ligands. Additionally, overexpression phenotypes of various CLE family members suggest roles in organ size regulation, apical dominance, and root growth. Similarities among overexpression phenotypes of many CLE genes correlate with similarities in their CLE domain sequences, suggesting that the CLE domain is responsible for interaction with cognate receptors.
Amazonia sustentavel : limitantes e oportunidades para o desenvolvimento rural (2000)

O conteudo e apresentado em sete capitulos: Capitulo 1: Introducao; Capitulo 2 - O efeito das chuvas sobre o desempenho da agropecuaria na Amazonia; Capitulo 3 - “Boom-colapso” ou economia sustentavel: o dilema da comunidade; Capitulo 4 - O papel do governo; Capitulo 5 - O papel das florestas nacionais; Capitulo 6 - Questoes cruciais para o futuro da Amazonia; Capitulo 7 - Conclusoes.
Molecular cloning and characterization of a cDNA encoding monoclonal nonspecific suppressor factor. (1995)

The monoclonal nonspecific suppressor factor (MNSF) is a lymphokine product of a murine T-cell hybridoma that inhibits the generation of lipopolysaccharide-induced immunoglobulin-secreting cells in an antigen-nonspecific manner. A cDNA clone encoding MNSF beta (an isoform of MNSF) was isolated and expressed in bacteria. The sequence obtained is virtually identical to the Fau protein, a product of the ubiquitously expressed fau gene with unknown function. Northern blot analysis demonstrated a single, 0.6-kb transcript. Specific polyclonal antibodies against synthetic peptides corresponding to the deduced amino acid sequences were elicited in rabbits. Immunoprecipitation experiments with these antibodies showed that MNSF beta is released extracellularly in an aggregate form, albeit it lacks a signal peptide sequence. The anti-MNSF beta affinity eluate from the MNSF-producing murine hybridoma (E17) and concanavalin A-activated splenocyte culture supernatants inhibited the immunoglobulin production by lipopolysaccharide-activated splenocytes. Recombinant MNSF beta also showed a similar biologic activity. Thus, ubiquitin-like protein(s) may be involved in the regulation of the immune responses.