gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Bioinformatic prediction and experimental validation of a microRNA-directed tandem trans-acting siRNA cascade in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2007)

Small RNAs play pivotal roles in regulating gene expression in higher eukaryotes. Among them, trans-acting siRNAs (ta-siRNAs) are a class of small RNAs that regulate plant development. The biogenesis of ta-siRNA depends on microRNA-targeted cleavage followed by the DCL4-mediated production of small RNAs phased in 21-nt increments relative to the cleavage site on both strands. To find TAS genes, we have used these characteristics to develop the first computational algorithm that allows for a comprehensive search and statistical evaluation of putative TAS genes from any given small RNA database. A search in Arabidopsis small RNA massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) databases with this algorithm revealed both known and previously unknown ta-siRNA-producing loci. We experimentally validated the biogenesis of ta-siRNAs from two PPR genes and the trans-acting activity of one of the ta-siRNAs. The production of ta-siRNAs from the identified PPR genes was directed by the cleavage of a TAS2-derived ta-siRNA instead of by microRNAs as was reported previously for TAS1a, -b, -c, TAS2, and TAS3 genes. Our results indicate the existence of a small RNA regulatory cascade initiated by miR173-directed cleavage and followed by the consecutive production of ta-siRNAs from two TAS genes.
Comparative Glycoproteomics of N-Linked Complex-Type Glycoforms Containing Sialic Acid in Human Serum (2005)

This study describes a simple and efficient approach for comparative analysis of sialylated glycoforms of proteins containing differentially branched complex-type glycans. The analytical protocol is based on glycopeptide selection from tryptic digests with serial lectin affinity chromatography (SLAC), quantification with global internal standard technology, fractionation of deglycosylated peptides with reversed-phase chromatography, and peptide sequencing with tandem mass spectrometry. Fractionation of complex tri- and tetraantennary N-linked glycoforms from biantennary N-linked glycoforms bearing terminal sialic acid residues was achieved using a set of serial lectin columns with immobilized Sambucus nigra agglutinin and concanavalin A. These two fractions from the affinity selection were differentially labeled, mixed, and then deglycosylated with the enzyme PNGase F. The deglycosylated sample was further fractionated by reversed-phase chromatography and analyzed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The SLAC strategy was applied to tryptic digests of human serum, and it was found that most sialylated glycopeptides identified carry more biantennary glycans than tri- and tetraantennary glycans, and the relative amount of biantennary glycan versus tri- and tetraantennary glycans was different at separate glycosylation sites within the same glycoprotein.
Intranasal sufentanil/ketamine analgesia in children (2013)

Sufentanil/ketamine nasal spray provided rapid onset of analgesia for a variety of painful procedures with few adverse effects and has promising features for use in pediatric procedural pain management.
Category-Level Articulated Object Pose Estimation (2019)

This project addresses the task of category-level pose estimation for articulated objects from a single depth image. We present a novel category-level approach that correctly accommodates object instances previously unseen during training. We introduce Articulation-aware Normalized Coordinate Space Hierarchy (ANCSH) - a canonical representation for different articulated objects in a given category. As the key to achieve intra-category generalization, the representation constructs a canonical object space as well as a set of canonical part spaces. The canonical object space normalizes the object orientation,scales and articulations (e.g. joint parameters and states) while each canonical part space further normalizes its part pose and scale. We develop a deep network based on PointNet++ that predicts ANCSH from a single depth point cloud, including part segmentation, normalized coordinates, and joint parameters in the canonical object space. By leveraging the canonicalized joints, we demonstrate: 1) improved performance in part pose and scale estimations using the induced kinematic constraints from joints; 2) high accuracy for joint parameter estimation in camera space.
7-Substituted benzo[b]thiophenes and 1,2-benzisothiazoles. Part 2. Chloro and nitro derivatives (1984)

The 7-chloro and 7-nitro derivatives of benzo[b]thiophene and 1,2-benzisothiazole have been prepared from readily available precursors, which for each substituent are common to both ring systems. 7-Chloro-benzo[b]thiophene has been obtained from 3-chloro-2-mercaptobenzoic acid via 7-chlorobenzo[b]-thiophen-3(2H)-one, or from 2,3-dichlorobenzaldehyde, either viaβ-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-α-mercapto-acrylic acid (16) or, preferably, via 7-chlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid. Hexamethylphos-phoric triamide is a particularly useful solvent in which to effect the selective nucleophilic replacement of the 2-chloro substituent in 2,3-dichlorobenzaldehyde. 7-Chloro-1,2-benzisothiazole is available by treatment of 3-chloro-2-mercaptobenzaldehyde with chloramine (57%), or by heating 2,3-dichlorobenzaldehyde with sulphur and aqueous ammonia (46%).7-Nitrobenzo[b]thiophene has been obtained by treatment of 2-bromo-3-nitrobenzaldehyde with mercaptoacetic acid under alkaline conditions, followed by decarboxylation of the resulting 2-carboxylic acid. Cyclisation of 2-(n- or t-butylthio)-3-nitrobenzaldoxime with polyphosphoric acid gives 7-nitro-1,2-benzisothiazole in high yield. 3-Nitro-2-t-butylthiobenzaldehyde behaves unexpectedly with chloramine, to give what is believed to be 7-nitro-2-t-butyl-1,2-benzisothiazolium chloride (24)(73%).
Multimodal Intelligence: Representation Learning, Information Fusion, and Applications (2020)

Deep learning methods haverevolutionized speech recognition, image recognition, and natural language processing since 2010. Each of these tasks involves a single modality in their input signals. However, many applications in the artificial intelligence field involve multiple modalities. Therefore, it is of broad interest to study the more difficult and complex problem of modeling and learning across multiple modalities. In this paper, we provide a technical review of available models and learning methods for multimodal intelligence. The main focus of this review is the combination of vision and natural language modalities, which has become an important topic in both the computer vision and natural language processing research communities. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of recent works on multimodal deep learning from three perspectives: learning multimodal representations, fusing multimodal signals at various levels, and multimodal applications. Regarding multimodal representation learning, we review the key concepts of embedding, which unify multimodal signals into a single vector space and thereby enable cross-modality signal processing. We also review the properties of many types of embeddings that are constructed and learned for general downstream tasks. Regarding multimodal fusion, this review focuses on special architectures for the integration of representations of unimodal signals for a particular task. Regarding applications, selected areas of a broad interest in the current literature are covered, including image-to-text caption generation, text-to-image generation, and visual question answering. We believe that this review will facilitate future studies in the emerging field of multimodal intelligence for related communities.
Faults Classification of a Scooter Engine Platform Using Wavelet Transform and Artificial Neural Network (2009)

This paper describes the development of a mechanical fault diagnosis system for a scooter engine platform using continuous wavelet transform and artificial neural network techniques. Most of the conventional techniques for fault diagnosis in a mechanical system are based primarily on analyzing the difference of signal amplitude in the time domain or frequency spectrum. In the present study, a continuous wavelet transform (CWT) algorithm combined with a feature selection method is proposed for analyzing fault signals in a scooter fault diagnosis system. The artificial neural network technique using back-propagation and generalized regression are both used in the proposed system. The effectiveness of the proposed system using two algorithms in CWT technique for scooter fault diagnosis are investigated and compared. The experimental results indicated that the proposed system achieved a fault recognition rate over 95% in the experimental platform of scooter fault diagnosis system.
The Polymerization of Aerolein with Benzoyl Peroxide (1968)

A polymerization o acrolein was carried out with benzoyl peroxide as a catalyst in the presence or the absence of a solvent. The methods, which measured chemical properties of the white poly-acrolein obtained, were established before the investigation of the polymerization. Thus residual double bonds and the residual aldehyde group in the polymer could be measured by means of a Wijs method and a sodium bisulfite method, respectively; these measurements taking 120 and 48 hrs for the quantitative analyses, respectively. Polyacrolein grew abruptly with increase in the reaction temperature and the acrolein concentra-tion, but the kind o solvents (benzene and n-hexane) did little effect on the formation. The poly-mer was found to have more residual double bonds under lower reaction temperature and a lower acrolein concentration, whereas the residual aldehyde group became less when reaction temperature wass lowered. The sum of both residual groups, to cite instance of the bulk polymerization, was 9095% at 90°C, 6070% at 70 °C and 4550% at 50 °C. Thus, the consumption of functional groups, especially aldehyde group, increased with lowering of the reaction temperature. Furthermore, these two functional groups decreased with lapse of the reaction time. In order to explain these findings, polyacrolein was separated into its pyridine-soluble and -insolble parts, and the ratio of both parts and their respective residual functional groups were measured. Consequently, by the use of benzoyl peroxide, acrolein was polymerized mainly through its cleavage of the carbon-carbon double bond. The polymers thus formed as a result o the cleavage were subjected to react secondarily by themselves; intermolecular cross-linkings by mutual aldehyde groups especially in the case of lower temperature and acrolein concentration, and intermolecular cross-likings through double bonds and aldehyde group in the case of higher temperature and acrolein concentration.
An API proposal for integrating sensor data into web apps and WebRTC (2015)

Today we use smartphones and personal computers everywhere to communicate in ways made possible by the ubiquity of the Internet: we exchange emails and instant messages, make voice and video calls and participate in social media. WebRTC furthers the possibilities of audio and video communications and true peer-to-peer communications as it brings these capabilities also to an universal platform: the browser. But communication is more than just audio or video sharing, communication is about providing features capable of filling the distance void. Today we have sensors that can provide data to enrich communication by enabling the usage of information about the context of the remote peer, e.g.: providing temperature information, speed or acceleration. Mobile devices, being equipped with a range of sensors, such as accelerometers, gyroscopes and magnetometers are prime terminals to enrich communications with context data, but all types of devices can make use of external sensing devices or even reach out to sensor networks. As the browser becomes a fundamental platform, sensor data is also relevant to non WebRTC web applications.
Fast <sup>1</sup>H–<sup>13</sup>C correlation data for use in automatic structure confirmation of small organic compounds (2004)

A method of speeding up the acquisition of 1H-13C correlation data has been developed. It is applicable in situations where the experiment time is determined by the need to sample the second dimension adequately rather than by signal-to-noise ratio requirements. Two spectra with different, reduced, 13C sweep widths are measured, time being saved by reducing the number of increments in line with the reduction in the sweep width. Rules are presented for the selection of the two reduced sweep widths so that the correct 13C chemical shifts can be easily and unambiguously calculated. The benefits and limitations of this approach, in the context of the structure confirmation of small (MW < or = 450) organic compounds, is discussed. The use of a third spectrum to resolve problems that may be encountered when proton signals overlap is demonstrated.
A Method for Detecting Document Orientation by Using Na&#x00CF;ve Bayes Classifier (2012)

An approach for document orientation detection and classification using Naïve Bayes theorem is proposed in this paper. First, all the characters in a document image will be isolated and some valid ones are selected. Using the valid characters, the document image will be vectorized to a 32-dimensional vector. Gaussian distribution function is used to calculate the probability of each dimension, and then the posterior probabilities of the query document image in each class are also calculated. Finally, the orientation of document is detected as the class with the highest probability. Experimental results show the accuracy of the proposed method is considerably higher than Bray Curtis distance, even for some worse samples.
Survey of Square-Loop Magnetic Materials (1957)

The magnetic and electrical properties of available square-loop materials are discussed for applications in cores for magnetic amplifiers, pulse modulators, and memory and switching coils. Among materials having high magnetic induction, oriented 50-50 nickel-iron is outstanding. Its pre-eminence for magnetic amplifier applications can be challenged only by new alloys such as Supermendur. Materials having lower saturation find application in varied fields; e.g., 4-79 Mo-permalloy in fast switching coils, and ferrites in memory arrays.
Rasagiline delays retinal degeneration in a mouse model of retinitis pigmentosa via modulation of Bax/Bcl‐2 expression (2018)

This study provides new evidences regarding the neuroprotective effect of rasagiline in the retina, and it brings new insight into the development of future clinical trials using this well-established antiparkinsonian drug to treat RP.
Converter end-point prediction model using spectrum image analysis and improved neural network algorithm (2008)

Aiming at the present situation of the steelmaking end-point control at home and abroad, a neural network model was established to judge the end-point. Based on the colour space conversion and the fiber spectrum division multiplexing technology, a converter radiation multi-frequency information acquisition system was designed to analyze the spectrum light and image characteristic information, and the results indicate that they are similar at early-middle stage but dissimilar when approach the steelmaking blowing end. The model was trained and forecasted by using an improved neural network correction coefficient algorithm and some appropriate variables as the model parameters. The experimental results show the proposed algorithm improves the prediction accuracy by 15.4% over the conventional algorithm in 5 s errors and the respond time is about 1.688 s, which meets the requirements of end-point judgment online.
Effects of probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus strain DSM13241 in healthy adult dogs (2004)

These data indicate that L. acidophilus can be successfully incorporated into a dry dog food, survive transit through the canine gastrointestinal tract, and populate the colon and are associated with local and systemic changes. This probiotic bacterium may have the potential to enhance intestinal health and improve immune function in dogs.
Typing Race Games as a Method to Create Spelling Error Corpora (2012)

This paper presents a method to elicit spelling error corpora using an online typing race game. After being tested for their native language, English-native participants were instructed to retype stimuli as quickly and as accurately as they could. The participants were informed that the system was keeping a score based on accuracy and speed, and that a high score would result in a position on a public scoreboard. Words were presented on the screen one at a time from a queue, and the queue was advanced by pressing the ENTER key following the stimulus. Responses were recorded and compared to the original stimuli. Responses that differed from the stimuli were considered a typographical or spelling error, and added to an error corpus. Collecting a corpus using a game offers several unique benefits. 1) A game attracts engaged participants, quickly. 2) The web-based delivery reduces the cost and decreases the time and effort of collecting the corpus. 3) Participants have fun. Spelling error corpora have been difficult and expensive to obtain for many languages and this research was performed to fill this gap. In order to evaluate the methodology, we compare our game data against three existing spelling error corpora for English.
Impact of BRDF on physics-based modeling as applied to target detection in hyperspectral imagery (2009)

Traditional approaches to hyperspectral target detection involve the application of detection algorithms to atmospherically
compensated imagery. Rather than compensate the imagery, a more recent approach uses physical
models to generate radiance signature spaces. The signature space is actually a representation of what the target
might look like to the sensor as the reflectance propagates through the atmosphere. The model takes into account
atmospherics, illumination conditions and target reflectivity. It is well known that the directional characteristics
of reflectance vary considerably fromspecular to ideally diffuse (i.e., Lambertian). The current physical models
assume the world is Lambertian. However, the reflectance properties are a function of wavelength, illumination
angle, and viewing angle. The bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF), which is actually a scattering
function analogous to the angular scattering coefficient, describes the bidirectional reflectance values of all
combinations of input-output angles and wavelength. This paper examines the impact of using the Lambertian
assumption as it relates to physics bases material detection.
The bidirectional reflectance studied is parameterized, based on laboratory measurements, using the Beard-
Maxwell model. This parameterized reflectance is then coupled to the physics-based sensor-reaching radiance
model to generate signature spaces. The signature spaces, along with hyperspectral imagery, are used in a target
detection scheme where results are assessed through visual analysis.
Wrist rotation for interaction in mobile contexts (2008)

In this paper, we investigate wrist rotation as a hands-free method of interaction with a mobile device. To evaluate this technique, a Fitts' Law targeting study is described in four different postures: resting, seated, standing and walking. Results show correlations in movement time and the Index of Difficulty of the task and similarities in the targeting performance for the first three conditions, but show walking and targeting using this method was significantly more difficult.
Contrast-Based Color Image Segmentation (2004)

In this letter, we propose a color image segmentation algorithm based on contrast information. Given a color image, we use contrast information, instead of the commonly used derivative information, to detect edges. To fit for human's visual perception, the CIE L/sup */a/sup */b/sup */ color space is used and the /spl Delta/E/sub ab/ color difference is adopted as the measure of color contrast. A subjective experiment is made to demonstrate the weak correlation between the perceived color contrast and the levels of (L/sup */,a/sup */,b/sup */). This experiment implies the feasibility of using a single-threshold scheme to suppress perceptually faint boundaries. A complete segmentation scheme is proposed and the simulation results demonstrate the superiority of this approach in providing reasonable and reliable color image segmentation.
Use of Dietary Ammonium Sulfate in Control of Growth Rate of Broiler Breeder Replacement Pullets from One Day of Age (1982)

Meat-strain chicks were offered diets supplemented with graded levels of ammonium sulfate in Experiment 1 from 0 to 4 or 6 weeks of age and then received unsupplemented diets to 6 or 10 weeks of age. Levels of 13.8 or 27.6 g/kg of dietary ammonium sulfate reduced feed intake to 98 or 74% and restricted body weights to 90 or 72% of control values up to 6 weeks of age with no apparent diet-related mortality. In Experiment 2, meat-strain birds were fed ad libitum to 20 weeks of age. Starter and grower diets were supplemented with 13.8 or 27.6 g/kg ammonium sulfate to 12 weeks or 13.8 g/kg to 16 weeks of age. Control birds received unsupplemented diets, which were fed skip-a-day from 6 to 20 weeks of age. Birds receiving supplemented diets had lower feed intake and body weights initially but attained higher body weight at 20 weeks and experienced higher mortality. The number of settable eggs and other breeder parameters did not differ significantly between birds reared on supplemented and control rations. It was concluded that prolonged supplementation of diets with ammonium sulfate, to restrict growth rate, was not advantageous for meat-strain replacement birds.
A Genetic Screen for Temperature-Sensitive Cell-Division Mutants of Caenorhabditis elegans (1998)

A novel screen to isolate conditional cell-division mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans has been developed. The screen is based on the phenotypes associated with existing cell-division mutations: some disrupt postembryonic divisions and affect formation of the gonad and ventral nerve cord-resulting in sterile, uncoordinated animals-while others affect embryonic divisions and result in lethality. We obtained 19 conditional mutants that displayed these phenotypes when shifted to the restrictive temperature at the appropriate developmental stage. Eighteen of these mutations have been mapped; 17 proved to be single alleles of newly identified genes, while 1 proved to be an allele of a previously identified gene. Genetic tests on the embryonic lethal phenotypes indicated that for 13 genes, embryogenesis required maternal expression, while for 6, zygotic expression could suffice. In all cases, maternal expression of wild-type activity was found to be largely sufficient for embryogenesis. Cytological analysis revealed that 10 mutants possessed embryonic cell-division defects, including failure to properly segregate DNA, failure to assemble a mitotic spindle, late cytokinesis defects, prolonged cell cycles, and improperly oriented mitotic spindles. We conclude that this approach can be used to identify mutations that affect various aspects of the cell-division cycle.
Object-oriented approaches to geo-referenced information (1994)

Abstract This paper surveys the current state of the object-oriented paradigm as it applies to the handling of geo-referenced information. The model of any computerized system is multi-layered, with a high-level system-independent conceptual model of the application domain supported by increasingly system-oriented models beneath. The author argues that object-oriented approaches can be taken at each of these layers. The major constructs of object-orientation are discussed from this layered viewpoint and in the context of geo-information handling.