gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of MAPK Substrates by Expression Screening With Solid-Phase Phosphorylation (2004)

The biologic activities of protein kinases result from phosphorylation of their substrate proteins. Phosphorylation of proteins causes changes in structure, stability, enzymatic activity, ability to interact with other molecules, or subcellular localization, leading to regulation of a wide variety of cellular processes. Indeed, identification of physiologic targets has been a high priority ever since the first protein kinase was purified, but the conventional approach of purifying substrate proteins by biochemical techniques is a laborious and time-consuming task and is especially difficult in the case of scarce proteins. Among the approaches developed to identify protein kinase substrates in a systematic manner are various techniques for determining consensus phosphorylation site sequences using oriented peptide libraries (1–3); interaction screening for protein substrates by an overlay method (4,5); the yeast two-hybrid system (6,7); and, more recently, the use of protein kinases engineered to accept unnatural adenosine triphosphate (ATP) analogs (8–10); or protein kinase arrays (11).
Textile-structured human body surface biopotential signal acquisition electrode (2011)

This paper presents a new type of wearable textile-structured electrode for acquisition of human body bio-potential signals such as ECG, EEG and EMG. Various material systems and textile structures were selected and investigated. A range of textile electrodes made of brush-like embroidered, woven, knitted fabrics were fabricated and examined according to the performance requirements of a low impedance in the relevant frequency range and minimum motion-induced noise etc. Surface coating of silver chloride on the textile fibers was also studied. The noise caused by the relative movement between the electrode and simulated skin is also analyzed with controlled pressure, motion speed/pattern etc. Various textile electrodes were evaluated together with a commercial disposable gel electrode. The experimental results indicate that deposited silver-silver chloride material system on embroidered “brush-like” textile structure is the best design among all the electrodes investigated.
Stimulus information as a determinant of reaction time. (1953)

In the typical reaction-time experiment, S's reaction time is greater when he has to respond differentially to one of two equally probable stimuli instead of to just one stimulus. In fact, Merkel (2), using one to ten alternatives, has demonstrated that when S has to respond to one stimulus chosen from a number of equally probable alternatives, his reaction time increases with the number of alternatives. The fact that S's response to stimulus A takes more time when A is one of several rather than one of two equally probable alternatives is of intrinsic interest. But it becomes even more significant when looked at from the standpoint of modern communication theory. In communication theory the amount of information which a message conveys is an increasing function of the number of possible messages from which that particular message could have been selected. The S's reaction time seems to behave,
Improvements in Fuel Flexibility and Operating Cost Reduction at CSU Drake Station With Targeted In-Furnace Injection™ Technology (2010)

Power generating stations are under continuous pressure to achieve maximum availability, highest efficiency, and minimum environmental emissions at the lowest possible cost. In recent years, increased fuel flexibility has become more critical financially and operationally than ever before. Colorado Springs Utilities (CSU) has been very progressive in adopting and implementing benchmark technologies and operating strategies to help achieve these goals across their diversified generation portfolio, and in particular at four operating coal units representing 462 megawatts in the system. One key strategy employed at CSU’s Martin Drake Station has been to continuously evaluate and test alternative coal feedstocks which have potential to reduce cost while maintaining capacity, fuel supply security, availability, and efficiency. These tests would not have been possible without the use of Fuel Tech’s Targeted In-Furnace Injection™ (TIFI®) technology to control slagging and fouling, reduce forced outages and load drops, and enhance unit efficiency. The TIFI process involves the use of two different forms of fluid dynamics modeling coupled with a virtual reality engine. Together, these simulation methods create a running duplicate of a given furnace with injection overlays and dosage maps to predict the precise trajectory of an injected chemical, helping to ensure as close to 100% coverage of the targeted zones as possible. With TIFI installed on Units 6 and 7 at Martin Drake Station, the operators were able to blend Powder River Basin coal with design fuel up to double the percentages previously achievable. Using TIFI, the plant was able to maintain full load generation, better control slagging deposits, show improvements in heat absorption, and reduce attemperator spray flows over previous blend trials. Including the cost of the TIFI program, the station has demonstrated a potential annual operating cost reduction approaching $4.9 million. Effective return on TIFI program investment is 4:1.
Experimental comparison of robotics locomotion with passive tether and active tether (2009)

Most small robots require a tethered connection with a power and control source. The tether has advantages, namely robust communication and safe recovery, and disadvantages, tangling with obstacles and rough terrain. Active tether is a new research area for tethered robot systems. It provides continuously distributed form of actuation for robots that results from the effect of water hammer. It also reduces the friction of the tether by the jerks from the water hammer effect. In this paper, we duplicate the active tethered system and test the performance of the active tethered system by comparing it with passive tethered system under our test conditions for mobile robot. The two experimental comparison tests are distance test and drag test, which all show the advantage of the active tethered system. Furthermore, we address the broad impact of this novel form of locomotion.
Synthesis and properties of ultraviolet‐curable resins via a thio–ene (thiol and allyl) addition reaction (2002)

Abstract Benzophenone diallyl ester (I) and benzophenone tetraallyl ester (II) based on 3,3′,4,4′‐benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) with allyl alcohol (AAL) were synthesized. Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) was added to I and formed diallyl diglycidyl methacrylate (III). These BTDA‐based allyl‐containing compounds (II and III) reacted with 1,4‐butanedithiol and 4,4′‐thiol‐bisbenzene‐thiol to produce ultraviolet (UV)‐curable resins via a thio–ene addition reaction. The ester (III) was cured easily when exposed to UV or sunlight radiation without any photoinitiator and only required a lower thermal curing temperature. The diallyl ester (I) and tetraallyl ester (II) required the addition of benzophenone to increase the photosensitivity, which reduced the exposition time. These resins used AAL as a monomer to successfully reduce the oxygen effect of the photocuring. The resin BTDA–2Allyl–2GMA had a glass‐transition temperature of 166°C and a hardness of 6H. The resultant UV‐curable coatings had excellent hardness, chemical resistance, adhesion, and tensile properties. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1878–1885, 2002
Genes involved in immunity to the lantibiotic nisin produced by Lactococcus lactis 6F3 (1995)

The lantibiotic nisin is produced by several strains of Lactococcus lactis. The complete gene cluster for nisin biosynthesis in L. lactis 6F3 comprises 15 kb of DNA. As described previously, the structural gene nisA is followed by the genes nisB, nisT, nisC, nisI, nisP, nisR, and nisK. Further analysis revealed three additional open reading frames, nisF, nisE, and nisG, adjacent to nisK. Approximately 1 kb downstream of the nisG gene, three open reading frames in the opposite orientation have been identified. One of the reading frames, sacR, belongs to the sucrose operon, indicating that all genes belonging to the nisin gene cluster of L. lactis 6F3 have now been identified. Proteins NisF and NisE show strong homology to members of the family of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, and nisG encodes a hydrophobic protein which might act similarly to the immunity proteins described for several colicins. Gene disruption mutants carrying mutations in the genes nisF, nisE, and nisG were still able to produce nisin. However, in comparison with the wild-type strain, these mutants were more sensitive to nisin. This indicates that besides nisI the newly identified genes are also involved in immunity to nisin. The NisF-NisE ABC transporter is homologous to an ABC transporter of Bacillus subtilis and the MbcF-MbcE transporter of Escherichia coli, which are involved in immunity to subtilin and microcin B17, respectively.
Reconstructing state spaces from multivariate data using variable delays (2006)

We study two methods for constructing a nonuniform embedding for multivariate data. A nonuniform embedding is a state space reconstruction which is more flexible than the common delay coordinates with fixed delays since it contains variable delays. Using these methods, we can extract causal relationships among many variables in a more suitable way. We demonstrate that the proposed methods can give more precise predictions and simpler models than some previous methods.
Memantine is neuroprotective in a rat model of pressure-induced retinal ischemia. (1998)

Retinal ischemia increased vitreous concentrations of glutamate and glycine. Both amino acids were agonists at the NMDA receptor. The NMDA receptor antagonist memantine reduced ganglion cell loss when given systemically before or within 30 minutes of retinal ischemia.
Isolation of Antioxidative Components from the Bark of Rhus verniciflua STOKES Screened from Some Chinese Medicinal Plants (1999)

To develop new natural antioxidants, antioxidative activity of ethanol (75%) extracts from 50 edible or medicinal plants were examined on lard and palm oil by Rancimat method (, 20 L/hr). The extracts from Rhus verviciflua STOKES showed comparatively strong antioxidative activity on test. Of the solvents used for extraction, chloroform extract exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity. AI (antioxidant index: induction period of oil containing extract/induction period of control oil) of chloroform extract was higher than that of commercial antioxidant, such as BHT, BHA and . Free phenolic acid fraction (200 ppm) of the chloroform extract from 75% EtOH extract of Rhus verniciflua STOKES (RCF) showed stronger activity than that of BHT, BHA, and at the same concentration. RCF-11 and RCF-13 fractions separated by silicagel column chromatography from the RCF showed stronger activity than other fractions by the Rancimat method.
In vitro actions on hemopoietic cells of recombinant murine GM‐CSF purified after production in <i>Escherichia coli</i>: Comparison with purified native GM‐CSF (1986)

Recombinant murine GM-CSF produced in Escherichia coli was purified to homogeneity and tested in parallel with purified native GM-CSF. Both recombinant and native GM-CSF stimulated granulocyte and/or macrophage colony formation by adult and fetal mouse progenitor cells, and with adult marrow cells the specific activity of the recombinant GM-CSF (25 X 10(8) U/mg) was similar to that of the native form (15 X 10(8) U/mg). At high concentrations (greater than 200 U/ml), both forms of GM-CSF also stimulated eosinophil colony formation by adult marrow cells and, at very high concentrations (greater than 800 U/ml), megakaryocyte and some erythroid and mixed-erythroid colony formation. Recombinant GM-CSF was as effective in stimulating the proliferation of the GM-CSF-dependent cell line FD as the native molecule. Both recombinant and native GM-CSF were able to induce partial differentiation in colonies of WEHI-3B myeloid leukemic cells. Recombinant GM-CSF competed effectively for the binding of 125I-labeled native GM-CSF to hemopoietic cells, and antiserum to recombinant GM-CSF also neutralized the biological activity of native GM-CSF. The bacterially synthesized GM-CSF was a slightly more effective stimulus for megakaryocyte colony formation than the native molecule. The demonstration that purified bacterially synthesized GM-CSF is biologically active in vitro now permits studies to be undertaken on the in vivo effects of this material.
Self-Piercing Rivets for Aluminum Components (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">Recent trends in the automotive industry toward improving fuel economy have led to the conversion of many steel applications to aluminum. The use of aluminum reduces vehicle weight while allowing the automaker to continue to use traditional fabricating methods. The primary joining technique used for steel sheet components has been resistance spot welding. While this technique is currently used to join many aluminum components, automakers are reluctant to specify this joining technique due to capital equipment cost, electrode tip life, or reliability concerns.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Several alternate joining techniques have been investigated and used. These include adhesive bonding, weld bonding, resistance welding with arc cleaning (<span class="xref">1</span>, <span class="xref">2</span>)<span class="xref">*</span>, GMA spot welding, clinching, and riveting. Recently, a method of riveting components without prepunching or pre-drilling holes has generated a large amount of interest. This paper is a review of this riveting technique. Data is included for comparisons to resistance spot welded joints.</div>
Mapping of cerebral perfusion territories using territorial arterial spin labeling: techniques and clinical application (2012)

A knowledge of the exact cerebral perfusion territory which is supplied by any artery is of great importance in the understanding and diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. The development and optimization of territorial arterial spin labeling (T-ASL) MRI techniques in the past two decades have made it possible to visualize and determine the cerebral perfusion territories in individual patients and, more importantly, to do so without contrast agents or otherwise invasive procedures. This review provides an overview of the development of ASL techniques that aim to visualize the general cerebral perfusion territories or the territory of a specific artery of interest. The first efforts of T-ASL with pulsed, continuous and pseudo-continuous techniques are summarized and subsequent clinical studies using T-ASL are highlighted. In the healthy population, the perfusion territories of the brain-feeding arteries are highly variable. This high variability requires special consideration in specific patient groups, such as patients with cerebrovascular disease, stroke, steno-occlusive disease of the large arteries and arteriovenous malformations. In the past, catheter angiography with selective contrast injection was the only available method to visualize the cerebral perfusion territories in vivo. Several T-ASL methods, sometimes referred to as regional perfusion imaging, are now available that can easily be combined with conventional brain MRI examinations to show the relationship between the cerebral perfusion territories, vascular anatomy and brain infarcts or other pathology. Increased availability of T-ASL techniques on clinical MRI scanners will allow radiologists and other clinicians to gain further knowledge of the relationship between vasculature and patient diagnosis and prognosis. Treatment decisions, such as surgical revascularization, may, in the near future, be guided by information provided by T-ASL MRI in close correlation with structural MRI and quantitative perfusion information.
[Clinical differentiation between idiopathic respiratory distress, neonatal septicemia caused by group B streptococci and septicemia caused by other pathogens (author's transl)]. (1980)

Since bacterial infection in newborns must be treated as specifically and as early as possible, it is important to confirm a diagnosis of suspected infection based on clinical symptoms and to take possible pathogens into consideration when choosing therapy. RDS and septicemia with Group B streptococci can present very similar clinical symptoms, but leucopenia on the first day of life is most probably an indication of septicemia with Group B streptococci. Septicemia caused by other pathogens, however, usually has a much later onset. In the days following birth a raised cardiothoracic index indicates RDS. Other differential criteria are being investigated.
A Method for Long Extrapolation of Audio Signals (2001)

A new method for a long extrapolation of audio signals is presented. The method is fast and can extrapolate several thousand samples of noisy audio signals. All the information for the extrapolation is taken from the signal itself, so that no additional knowledge about the signal content is required. The basic theory is presented and tested by simulation. The major problem for optimal extrapolation is the determination of the impulse response of the signal. Different methods to solve the impulse response are described. The requirements for the signals that can be extrapolated are studied. The ability of the method to extrapolate audio signals with different types of amplitude envelopes is studied and simulated. The fact that signals with exponential or polynomial amplitude envelopes can be extrapolated is proven. A mathematical measurement tool for the quality of the extrapolation is presented. The effect of noise on the extrapolation is also studied. The method is tested with real music signals.
Laterally oscillated and force-balanced micro vibratory rate gyroscope supported by fish hook shape springs (2002)

A new concept micro vibratory rate gyroscope supported by fish hook shape springs, where the oscillating position sensing and force balancing take place on the wafer surface, has been developed. The gyroscope consists of: a grid-type planar mass; LT shape position sense electrodes for detecting the Coriolis motion; pairs of force-balancing electrodes to improve the linearity and dynamic range; prominence shape comb-drive electrodes to improve the resolution by increasing the oscillating displacement; fish hook shape springs to match the first and second modes with the mass oscillating and position sensing modes, respectively. Due to the relatively high stiffnesses of the proposed fish hook shape springs except in the desired directions, the gyroscope tends to be quite insensitive to the environmental vibrations or shocks, maintaining the electromechanical stability. It also features that the resonant frequencies associated with lateral vibration modes are not likely to be varied by the change in thickness of the poly-silicon structure, which guarantees the uniform sensitivity of products. Experimental results show that the gyroscope has the resolution of 0.1 degree per second at 2 Hz, the bandwidth of 100 Hz, and the dynamic range of 90 degree per second.
Natural Killer Cell Cytotoxicity and Paternal Lymphocyte Immunization in Women with Recurrent Spontaneous Abortions (1998)

Lymphocyte immunization suppresses NK-cell cytotoxicity and CD56+ NK-cell levels and increases the peripheral blood CD3+ T-cell population in women with recurrent spontaneous abortions.
Rapid adenosine release in the nucleus tractus solitarii during defence response in rats: real‐time measurement <i>in vivo</i> (2002)

We have measured the release of adenosine and inosine from the dorsal surface of the brainstem and from within the nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) during the defence response evoked by hypothalamic stimulation in the anaesthetised rat. At the surface of the brainstem, only release of inosine was detected on hypothalamic defence area stimulation. This inosine signal was greatly reduced by addition of the ecto-5'-nucleotidase inhibitor alpha,beta-methylene ADP (200 microM), suggesting that the inosine arose from adenosine that was produced in the extracellular space by the prior release of ATP. By placing a microelectrode biosensor into the NTS under stereotaxic control we have recorded release of adenosine within this nucleus. By contrast to the brainstem surface, a fast increase in adenosine, accompanied only by a much smaller change in inosine levels, was seen following stimulation of the hypothalamic defence area. The release of adenosine following hypothalamic stimulation was mainly confined to a narrow region of the NTS some 500 microm in length around the level of the obex. Interestingly the release of adenosine was depletable: when the defence reaction was evoked at short time intervals, much less adenosine was released on the second stimulus. Our novel techniques have given unprecedented real-time measurement and localisation of adenosine release in vivo and demonstrate that adenosine is released at the right time and in sufficient quantities to contribute to the cardiovascular components of the defence reaction.
Expectations and deployment of agent technology in manufacturing and defence (2005)

Agent technology provides the manufacturing and defence with novel technological concept. This concept has been deployed in a number of different application throughout last few years. This contribution provides the readers with several case studies of agent deployment both in manufacturing and defence. Based on our experience the generalization of agents' applicability in these industry sectors is provided. We also discuss matching of the industry demands and expectations with agent technology promisees and real performance.
<title>Liquid-cooled transmissive optical component</title> (1998)

The objective of this project is to develop a liquid-cooled window to transmit a high-energy laser beam. The window is to be used with continuous wave lasers with wavelengths between 1.0-1.4 micrometers and is to be 20 more centimeters in diameter. The window must transmit the beam with only small phase and amplitude distortions. The goal is less than 1/20 wave distortion across the beam at 1.315 micrometers that is the primary wavelength of interest. A prototype window will be built at a later data. In this paper results are presented of research into a) techniques for bonding two pieces of fused silica to from the window and b) suitable coolants.
Flexible in-vehicle stream processing with distributed automotive control units for engineering and diagnosis (2008)

This paper introduces a method for selectively pre-processing and recording sensor data for engineering testing purposes in vehicles. In order to condense data, methodologies from the domain of sensor networks and stream processing are applied, which results in a reduction of the quantity of data, while maintaining information quality. A situation-dependent modification of recording parameters allows for a detailed profiling of vehicle-related errors. We developed a data-flow oriented model, in which data streams are connected by processing nodes. These nodes filter and aggregate the data and can be connected in nearly any order, which permits a successive composition of the aggregation and recording strategy. The integration with an event-condition-action model provides adaptability of the processing and recording, depending on the state of the vehicle. In a proof-of-concept system, which we implemented on top of the automotive diagnostic protocols KWP and UDS, the feasibility of the approach was shown. The target platform was an embedded on-board computer that is connected to the OBD-II interface of the vehicle. As the scope of recording can be adjusted flexibly, the recording system can not only be used for diagnostic purposes, but also serves objectives in development, quality assurance, and even marketing.