gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multiplex PCR for detection of superantigenic toxin genes in methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from patients and carriers of a hospital in northeast Thailand. (2013)

The aims of this study were to develop multiplex PCR for simultaneous detection of five superantigenic toxin genes (sea, seb, sec, sed and tst-1) in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from 149 clinical samples and nasal swabs from 201 healthy subjects in Thailand, and to compare prevalence and expression of those genes between methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA). The sensitivity of multiplex PCR was 10(3) CFU/ml (60 CFU/PCR reaction) for DNA templates extracted by both boiling and extraction methods. S. aureus strains from patients (65%) harbored more superantigenic toxin genes than healthy subjects (54%). MRSA (80%) isolated from patients harbored more superantigenic toxin genes than MSSA (52%). Sea was the most frequently found gene in S. aureus strains from patients and carriers. MRSAisolates harbored sea and produced SEA more frequently than MSSA isolates (p <0.05) and MRSA isolates (59%) from blood samples consisted of a higher number of superantigenic toxin producers than MSSA (9%) (p < 0.05). More S. aureus strains isolated from patients with severe septicemia contained superantigenic toxin genes (94%) and produced toxins (82%) than those from non-severe patients (64% and 57%, respectively). The multiplex PCR method described here offers a reliable tool for simultaneous detection of various staphylococcal toxin genes.
Electrical concepts at extremely high frequencies (1942)

Some of the characteristics of electricity when the frequency of alternation reaches the range of billions of cycles per second are discussed in relation to the physical pictures of basic electrical concepts, such as current flow along conductors, in tubes, and in circuits which are being evolved by engineers in the high-frequency field. As applied to high-frequency phenomena, some of these concepts now are being modified or broadened in order that more accurate pictures may be obtained.
Enhancement of hot-electron currents in graded-gate-oxide (GGO)-MOSFETs (1984)

Graded-Gate-Oxide(GGO)-MOSFETs with various degrees of gate-drain(source) overlap (and grading thickness of the gate oxide near the polysilicon-gate edge) have been investigated for hot-electron generation. Compared with a conventional MOSFET, the GGO-MOSFET exhibits higher substrate and gate currents when the gate voltage is raised above a critical value(Vgc). Vgc is found to be dependent on the drain voltage. It is also a smooth function of the degree of gate-drain(source) overlap which can be controlled by the fabrication process. These experimental findings are supported by results obtained from the two-dimensional analysis of a similar device structure. Implications of the GGO phenomena on MOS technologies are discussed. Possible use of the GGO-MOSFET in EPROM is proposed.
THz bandpass filter based on sub-wavelength holes in free-standing metal thin-films (2015)

The design of a free-standing (substrate-less) metallic hole array is proposed for Terahertz frequencies. The bandpass filtering effect through free standing perforted Aluminium (Al) films is demonstrated using a square array of circular holes on Al films having thickness of ∼ 11 μm. The effect of variation of periodicity and hole diameter on the transmittance due to excitation of surface plasmons and coupling between resonant and non-resonant modes is studied.
Sensory, Physical, and Cooking Characteristics of Bacon Processed with Varying Levels of Sodium Nitrite and Potassium Sorbate (1981)

ABSTRACT Sensory, physical, and cooking properties were evaluated on bacon processed under commercial operations in four separate plants. Three formulations with various levels of sodium nitrite and potassium sorbate were used: (1) 0 ppm sodium nitrite, (2) 40 ppm sodium nitrite 2600 ppm potassium sorbate, and (3) 120 ppm sodium nitrite. Sliced bacon was evaluated after 10, 30, 50, and 70 days of storage. “Chemical”‐like flavors, prickly mouth sensations, and “sweet aromatic” aromas were found in bacon processed with 40 ppm sodium nitrite and 2600 ppm potassium sorbate. “Microbial” flavors were found in 0 ppm sodium nitrite bacon after 50 and 70 days of storage. Bacon stored for 30 days had less cooking loss and sensory panel scores indicative of more mouth coating with fat than did bacon stored for 10 days. The degree of leanness in bacon strips had more of an influence on textural, physical, and cooking characteristics than did sodium nitrite and potassium sorbate levels.
The Electrochemical Behavior of Trialkylimidazolium Imide Based Ionic Liquids and Their Polymer Gel Electrolytes (2007)

The physical and electrochemical properties of 1,2-dimethyl-3-n--imidazolium ionic liquids [ (MMPI) and butyl (MMBI)] were investigated. The anions studied were bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (TFSI) or bis(perfluoroethanesulfonyl)imide (PFESI). In addition, polymer gel electrolytes were prepared using polyethylene oxide of poly(vinylidenefluoride-co-hexafluoropropene) (PVDF-HFP) and these ionic liquids with and without . Electrochemical measurements showed similar behavior for the TFSI based ionic liquids, although MMBITFSI exhibited lower ionic conductivity than MMPITFSI. The MMPIPFESI is an extremely viscous liquid, which solidifies if cooled slightly below room temperature. MMBIPFESI is a wax at room temperature. For both MMPIPFESI and MMBIPFESI, addition of lithium (as LiPFESI) resulted in crystallization of the pure ionic liquid at room temperature. Electrochemical studies indicated that in all cases, the PVDF-HFP polymer gel systems exhibited higher charge/discharge efficiencies and higher ionic conductivity than the PEO based polymer gel systems.
Tissue-Engineered Recombinant Human Collagen-Based Corneal Substitutes for Implantation: Performance of Type I versus Type III Collagen (2008)

Both RHC-I and -III implants can be safely and stably integrated into host corneas. The simple cross-linking methodology and recombinant source of materials makes them potentially safe and effective future corneal matrix substitutes.
Message Authentication over Noisy Channels (2015)

The essence of authentication is the transmission of unique and irreproducible information. In this paper, the authentication becomes a problem of the secure transmission of the secret key over noisy channels. A general analysis and design framework for message authentication is presented based on the results of Wyner’s wiretap channel. Impersonation and substitution attacks are primarily investigated. Information-theoretic lower and upper bounds on the opponent’s success probability are derived, and the lower bound and the upper bound are shown to match. In general, the fundamental limits on message authentication over noisy channels are fully characterized. Analysis results demonstrate that introducing noisy channels is a reliable way to enhance the security of authentication.
A Heparin-sensitive Phospholipase A2 and Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase-2 Are Functionally Linked in the Delayed Phase of Prostaglandin D2 Generation in Mouse Bone Marrow-derived Mast Cells (1996)

BALB/cJ mouse bone marrow-derived mast cells (BMMC) developed with interleukin (IL)-3 can be stimulated by c-kit ligand (KL) in the presence of IL-10 and IL-1beta for sequential immediate and delayed generation of prostaglandin (PG) D2 through utilization of constitutive prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (PGHS) -1 and induced PGHS-2, respectively (Murakami, M., Matsumoto, R., Austen, K. F., and Arm, J. P. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 22269-22275). We now report that BALB/cJ BMMC stimulated with KL + IL-10 + IL-1beta also exhibit the biphasic release of [3H]arachidonic acid with an immediate phase over the first 10 min followed by a delayed phase from 2 to 7 h. The delayed phase of arachidonic acid release and of PGD2 generation was inhibited by heparin, which concomitantly released a phospholipase (PL) A2 from the cells into the supernatant. Both dexamethasone and a type II PLA2 inhibitor, 12-epi-scalaradial, suppressed delayed-phase PGD2 generation at concentrations that did not affect immediate eicosanoid generation. Transcripts for type IIA PLA2, as assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, were progressively induced in BALB/cJ BMMC treated for 2 to 7 h with KL + IL-10 + IL-1beta; the induction of these transcripts was down-regulated by 10(-6) M dexamethasone. The expression of steady-state transcripts and protein for cytosolic PLA2 (cPLA2) did not change. PGHS-2-dependent delayed-phase PGD2 generation elicited by IgE-dependent activation of BALB/cJ BMMC primed with KL + IL-10 was also accompanied by the induction of type IIA PLA2 transcripts and was suppressed by heparin, with concomitant release of PLA2 into the supernatant. However, both the direct, cytokine-stimulated and the cytokine-primed, IgE-dependent, delayed-phase PGD2 generation occurred in BMMC from C57BL/6J mice, which have a natural disruption of the type IIA PLA2 gene. Thus, kinetic, pharmacologic, and genetic analyses suggest that an inducible, heparin-sensitive PLA2, rather than cPLA2, provides arachidonic acid to concomitantly induced PGHS-2 for delayed-phase PGD2 biosynthesis in activated BMMC. Furthermore, this heparin-sensitive PLA2 likely represents a novel PLA2 or a new function for a known low molecular weight PLA2.
Results from the PoSAT GPS experiment (2002)

The PoSAT-1 microsatellite, launched in September 1993, carries a GPS Navigation Unit as one of its experiments. The Navigation Unit consists of a GPS receiver, antenna and processing hardware. Using the Navigation Unit, the satellite will be able to directly self-track itself to a high degree of accuracy. The supporting software will enable the logging of experimental data, the synchronisation of the satellite and ground station clocks, payload switching and on-board orbit determination through data filtering. This paper briefly describes the experiment and shows some of the preliminary orbital results. A brief analysis of PoSAT's requirements for the autonomous derivation of Keplerian elements is presented, showing the suitability of the experiment for this purpose.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Specific radioimmunoassays for codeine and morphine. Metabolism of codeine to morphine in the rat. (1977)

Specific antisera to morphine have been raised in response to immunization with a conjugate of N-carboxypropylnormorphine with bovine serum albumin (BSA). These antisera effectively distinguish changes in substituents at the 3 and 6 positions of the alkaloid, thus reducing cross-reactivity with codeine and morphine-3-glucuronide to negligible levels. The utility of these antisera has been illustrated by their application in radioimmunoassay procedures, along with similarly specific anti-codeine sera (Findlay et al., 1976) to a study of the biotransformation of codeine to morphine in the rat. After oral administration of codeine, serum levels of morphine were low, but significantly higher than codeine levels after 15 min., indicating rapid metabolism of codeine to morphine in this species.
CRINKLY4: A TNFR-Like Receptor Kinase Involved in Maize Epidermal Differentiation (1996)

The maize crinkly4 (cr4) mutation affects leaf epidermis differentiation such that cell size and morphology are altered, and surface functions are compromised, allowing graft-like fusions between organs. In the seed, loss of cr4 inhibits aleurone formation in a pattern that reflects the normal progression of differentiation over the developing endosperm surface. The cr4 gene was isolated by transposon tagging and found to encode a putative receptor kinase. The extracellular domain contains a cysteine-rich region similar to the ligand binding domain in mammalian tumor necrosis factor receptors (TNFRs) and seven copies of a previously unknown 39-amino acid repeat. The results suggest a role for cr4 in a differentiation signal.
On the Evaluation of Probabilities of Convex Polyhedra Under Multivariate Normal and <i>t</i> Distributions (1966)

Summary It is noted that probabilities of convex polyhedra in p-dimensional space can be expressed in terms of a function V(h1, h2, …, hp), if the distribution is normal, and in terms of a function Vn(h1, h2, …, hp), if the distribution is the t-distribution with n degrees of freedom. Formulae expressing V(h1, h2, …, hp) and Vn(h1, h2, …, hp) in terms of similar functions of lower order are obtained. An asymptotic expansion of Vn(h1,…, hp) in powers of n-1 is also included. The final section contains formulae connecting Vn(h1, h2, …, hp) with Vn±2(h1, K2, …, hp).
Efficacy of deferred grazing in reducing prairie dog reinfestation rates. (1987)

Population growth of black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) was studied in 1985 and 1986 at 20 prairie dog towns on short- and mixed-grass rangeland in western Nebraska, to determine the efficacy of 2 years deferred (May 1 - Sept. 1) grazing in reducing population growth rates following population reduction. In 1985, population growth measures on deferred sites were not significantly different from grazed sites, perhaps due to drought conditions. In 1986, natality and population growth (% increase in animals) were significantly lower on deferred sites than on sites grazed by livestock. Deferred sites studied both years showed significant reductions in 1986 active area: 4 of 5 deferred sites decreased in size; 6 of 8 grazed sites increased in size. Results of this study suggest that deferred grazing may be effective in reducing reinfestation rates of prairie dogs following control, given favorable vegetative growth conditions.
Studies on New β-Adrenergic Blocking Agents. I. Syntheses and Pharmacology of Coumarin Derivatives (1972)

Several (2-hydroxy-3-aminopropoxy) coumarin derivatives were synthesized from 5-, 7- and 8-hydroxycoumarin derivatives by established methods and β-adrenergic blocking activity was examined. A systematic study of the positional isomers in the coumarin derivatives showed that 5-methyl-8-(2-hydroxy-3-t-butylaminopropoxy) coumarin (XXIIa2) was most favorable as a β-adrenergic blocking agent. It was shown that the classical structure requirement prevailed, but 7-positional isomer was much less active. Resolution of XXIIa2 revealed that the 1-isomer possessed the major activity.
Characterization of cysteine proteases and their endogenous inhibitors in MCF-7 and adriamycin-resistant MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. (1993)

The expression of three lysosomal cysteine proteases was examined in a lowly metastatic, MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and its highly metastatic, Adriamycin-resistant variant, MCF-7/AdrR. While levels of cathepsin H activity were similar in all cell lines at each stage of growth, intracellular cathepsin B and L activities were highest in MCF-7/AdrR. These high levels were accompanied by growth-related increases in acid/pepsin-activatable cathepsin activity in the culture medium. Analyses of endogenous cathepsin B inhibitor activity in control and heat-treated cell homogenates after fractionation by fast protein liquid chromatography suggested that alterations in cystatin-like, cysteine protease inhibitor activities contribute to increased levels of cathepsin activities in metastatic MCF-7/AdrR cells.
[Effect of lack of exogenous methionine on protein synthesis in normal and leukemic leukocytes cultured in vitro]. (1982)

Experiments were performed on lymphocytes and leucocytes isolated from peripheral blood of healthy donors and on leucocytes from patients with acute myeloblastic and acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The influence on protein synthesis of methionine depletion in the medium or replacement of methionine by homocysteine was measured in labelling experiments with tritiated valine. The rate of protein synthesis in lymphocytes and leucocytes from healthy donors cultivated in homocysteine--containing medium and stimulated with PHA did not differ significantly in the course of 5 days from the rate of protein synthesis in the basic medium. In leukaemic leucocytes cultivated in vitro in the time period of 34 h in the rate of protein synthesis in homocysteine--containing medium was similar to the rate of protein synthesis in the medium devoid of methionine.
Evaluations of Diapers Containing Absorbent Gelling Material With Conventional Disposable Diapers in Newborn Infants (1990)

We evaluated 149 infants diapered in either conventional cellulose core disposable diapers or diapers containing cellulose core with absorbent gelling material. The infants were evaluated from 1 day of age to 14 weeks of age for the prevalence and severity of diaper dermatitis. We identified a low prevalence of diaper dermatitis throughout the study period. At 14 weeks of age, we noted that infants in diapers containing absorbent gelling material had significantly less diaper dermatitis than those in conventional disposable diapers. Despite the overall low prevalence of diaper dermatitis in the newborn period, 7 of 204 infants evaluated had small skin erosions in the diaper area noted within the first 4 days of age. Both diaper types were associated with infants with erosions. This surprisingly high incidence of erosions in newborn infants suggests previously undocumented increased skin fragility of full-term infants.
The effect of light on the oxidation of fats (1931)

Abstract It has long been known that exposure to light exerts a powerful influence upon the deterioration of fats, and it has been claimed that light alone, in the absence of air, is capable of producing rancidity (Wagner, Walker and Oestermann, 1913). It is now, however, generally admitted that the action of light consists essentially in accelerating oxidation of the fat. To follow the changes induced in fats by exposure to air and light it is necessary (1) to have a quantitative knowledge of the state of oxidation in any specimens of fat; (2) to be able to detect and follow the very earliest stages in the process of oxidation; and (3) to possess the means of comparing the potential keeping qualities of any two or more fats. Since no existing methods satisfy these requirements a new test for rancidity has been devised. (Lea, 1929). A New Test for Rancidity. Briefly, the process consists in heating the oil or fat with a solvent mixture of glacial acetic acid and chloroform in the presence of solid potassium iodide. Oxidation of the reagent or fat during the process is prevented by previously filling the tube with nitrogen, while the steady evolution of chloroform vapour effectively prevents diffusion of oxygen back into the tube. The reaction mixture is cooled, poured into 5 per cent. potassium iodide, and titrated with N/500 sodium thiosulphate solution.
Error Resilient Layered Stereoscopic Video Streaming (2007)

In this paper, error resilient stereoscopic video streaming problem is addressed. Two different forward error correction (FEC) codes namely systematic LT and RS codes are utilized to protect the stereoscopic video data against transmission errors. Initially, the stereoscopic video is categorized in 3 layers with different priorities. Then, a packetization scheme is used to increase the efficiency of error protection. A comparative analysis of RS and LT codes are provided via simulations to observe the optimum packetization and UEP strategies.
Characteristics of a 40 kVA three phase superconducting transformer and its parallel operation with a conventional transformer (1995)

A 40 kVA three phase superconducting transformer has been developed and tested. From the test results, excellent voltage regulation of 0.3% with a pure resistive load was obtained. For application in a power system, parallel operation with a conventional power transformer using copper windings has been carried out. Although a superconducting transformer cannot continue to operate in case of quenching, the proposed parallel system can overcome the drawback and give an additional fault current limiting function.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Transverse and longitudinal mode control in semiconductor injection lasers (1983)

Mechanisms which determine the oscillating transverse and longitudinal modes in semiconductor injection lasers are discussed in this paper. The analysis is based on the semiclassical method in which the optical field is represented by Maxwell equations and the lasing phenomenon is analyzed quantum mechanically using the density matrix formalism. Guided modes are classified by the relation between refractive index and gain-loss differences at the boundaries of the active region as normal guided mode (index guiding), active-guided mode (gain guiding), and leaky mode (anti-index guiding). The guiding loss and cutoff conditions are given for these modes. The optimum range to obtain stable fundamental transverse mode operation is discussed with respect to several guiding factors, such as width of active region, the refractive index difference, and gain-loss differences at the boundaries of the active region. Longitudinal mode behavior is discussed in terms of electron transition mechanism in semiconductor crystals. The relaxation effect of the electron wave is introduced in this model. Profiles of the saturated gain and the spatial diffusion of the electron are related to this relaxation effect. Mode competition phenomena are analyzed, and a strong gain suppression among the longitudinal modes is shown to be as an intrinsic property of semiconductor lasers. The possibility of obtaining single longitudinal mode operation is postulated. Physical influences for stable single longitudinal mode operation are discussed in terms of transverse mode control (or stripe structure), spontaneous emission, threshold current level, impurity concentration in the active region, and direct modulation. Some experimental results are also given to support these analyses.