gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced photoelectrochemical water splitting performance using morphology-controlled BiVO<sub>4</sub> with W doping (2017)

Nanostructures exhibit numerous merits to improve the efficiency in solar-to-energy conversion. These include shortened carrier collection pathways, an increased volume ratio between depletion layer and bulk, enhanced light capture due to multiple light scattering in nanostructures, and a high surface area for photochemical conversion reactions. In this study, we describe the synthesis of morphology-controlled W-doped BiVO<sub>4</sub> by simply tuning the solvent ratio in precursor solutions. Planar and porous W-doped BiVO<sub>4</sub> thin films were prepared and compared. The porous film, which exhibits increased surface area and enhanced light absorption, has displayed enhanced charge separation and interfacial charge injection. Our quantitative analysis showed an enhancement of about 50% of the photoelectrochemical performance for the porous structure compared to the planar structure. This enhancement is attributed to improved light absorption (13% increase), charge separation (14% increase), and interfacial charge injection (20% increase).
Cloning and analysis of the promoter region of the rat SM22<i>α</i> gene (1995)

We have cloned and sequenced a 1.9 kb fragment of the 5'-upstream sequence of the smooth-muscle-specific gene SM22 alpha. The region cloned consisted of the SM22 alpha promoter, a 65 bp exon containing most of the 5'-untranslated region and 307 bp of the first intron. A 1.5 kb fragment at the 5' end of this sequence was able to drive the expression of a reporter chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene in both vascular smooth-muscle cells and Rat-1 fibroblasts. This promoter region did not contain a consensus TATAA box but contained the sequence TTTAAA 25 bp from the major start site identified by primer extension. Deletion analysis showed that a fragment of the promoter from +65 to -303 was more active in both cell types than the 1.5 kb fragment suggesting that there are silencer sequences in the region 5' to the core promoter. CAT activity was also observed with fragments containing bases +65 to -193 and +65 to -117 in smooth-muscle cells. In contrast with the smooth-muscle cells, no CAT activity was detected in Rat-1 fibroblasts with the smallest two fragments. The residual promoter activity in the smallest fragment of the SM22 alpha promoter tested suggested that, unlike the smooth-muscle alpha-actin promoter, transcription from the SM22 alpha promoter can occur in smooth-muscle cells in the absence of factors binding to CC(A/Trich)6GG (CArG box) or CANNTG (E box) motifs.
Spectral interference Mirau microscope with an acousto-optic tunable filter for three-dimensional surface profilometry (2003)

A nonmechanical scanning Mirau-type spectral interference microscope has been developed for the measurement of three-dimensional surface profiles of discontinuous objects. An acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) is used as a high-resolution spectral filter, which scans the optical frequency of the broadband light emitted from a superluminescent diode. To generate spectral fringes that make full use of the limited coherence length of the filtered light we unbalanced the Mirau interferometric system by positioning the reference mirror nearly halfway between the top and the bottom of the step height. When the frequency of the broadband light source is scanned by an AOTF, the interference fringes move in opposite directions on the top and the bottom of the object. To uniquely determine the sign of the fringe movement over the large area of the object, we developed a three-dimensional Fourier-transform technique, and from the detected sign of the fringe movement and phase information, we determined the three-dimensional step height. Experimental results of the measurement of 100-microm step height are presented. The main advantages of the proposed system are that it provides nonmechanical scanning and a large measurement range without ambiguity in the sign of the phase.
Reactions of 3-Thianaphthenylmethylmagnesium Chloride (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of 3-Thianaphthenylmethylmagnesium ChlorideRussell GaertnerCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1952, 74, 9, 2185–2188Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01129a011https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01129a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Detailed Haul Unit Performance Model (2001)

In order to make a profit in any earthmoving operation it is important to plan the operation, select the appropriate equipment and use the haul units efficiently in order to obtain the maximum productivity. Maximizing productivity is one of construction project management personnel's primary objectives, but can also be one of their greatest challenges. The need for effective productivity planning is obvious since productivity ultimately translates into profit. In order to plan an earthmoving operation it is important to understand the travel times of the hauling equipment. Travel time is a variable that, in turn, depends upon other variables associated with the haul unit, and the haul road conditions. Presently there is no travel time model that appropriately considers these factors and simulates the interactions among them such that more detailed analysis could be performed. Such a model needs to be developed. The objective of this research is to develop a detailed model to simulate the travel time considering, in the amount of detail needed, the variables upon which travel time is dependent. The key in the development of the model is the calculation of acceleration. The simulation of how instantaneous acceleration varies may be a complex procedure because instantaneous acceleration is a function of numerous variables, many of which are in turn functions of the velocity and position, which are themselves integral functions of acceleration. The acceleration of a vehicle is dependent on the vehicle characteristics, road conditions, and operator. It is very difficult to consider changes in instantaneous acceleration by using analytical procedures. A numerical method should be used in order to analyze the complex system and determine the travel time or velocity profile of the vehicle. MATLAB software was used to analyze and solve the complex system numerically. A model that considers that the machine is working at full capacity was developed. It considers the variables that affect travel time in the amount of detail needed. The impact that the operator has in the machine performance can be highlighted after a comparison of the results obtained with actual field data, once the model is calibrated.
Molecular analysis of microbial communities from oil industry environments (2014)

The effects of microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) can be very expensive to correct, dangerous to workers and its mechanisms are poorly understood. Understanding these processes is important so that they can be monitored and mitigated (Koch et al., 2001). It is now accepted that for the assessment of biocorrosion risks, the most powerful approach is to detect functional genes encoding the enzymes that play an important part in material deterioration (Schadt et al., 2004).\n\nThe main aim of this study was to identify the microbial community present in corroded and non-corroded systems, and to detect genes that might be implicated in corrosion processes, particularly iron corrosion, so that a biochip could be designed for risk assessment of oil environments. In this thesis the microbial populations and their actives were assessed using sequencing and hybridisation techniques for three oil field sites, generating information that can help identify MIC risk. The final section of the thesis describes the development and design of functional gene probes, identified from hybridisation studies that might be included in a biochip for risk assessment in oil field environments.\n\nMicrobial groups known to be involved in MIC, such as sulphate-reducing procaryota, iron-reducing bacteria, nitrate-reducing bacteria, hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were detected, according to their 16S rRNA gene sequence, in the water injection system and production pipelines. In addition to these expected groups, sequences for Firmicutes, acetogens and methanogens were detected. Firmicutes, primarily Clostridium species, and Synergistetes sequences pre-dominated the corroded systems. Functional genes involved in biocorrosion, many of which belonged to the groups named above, were detected using the GeoChip, and a list of marker genes that can be utilised for biocorrosion monitoring has been proposed. Oligonucleotide probes for biochip development were either designed or selected from published sources. A quick and inexpensive method for probe evaluation during microarray development is described. A total of 16 probes, representing 15 genes were tested; all the probes exhibited similar hybridisation behaviour under standard conditions.\n\nThe results presented in this thesis were part of an extensive EU project, BIOCOR, involving academic and industrial partners, on fundamental and applied aspects of microbial corrosion in oil field environments, which was funded to generate the knowledge needed to develop monitoring techniques for corrosion. The results presented in this thesis are the final report to the European Commission.
General Closed-Form Family of Companders for PAPR Reduction in OFDM Signals Using Amplitude Distribution Modification (2014)

In this paper, we characterize a family of closed-form companders for peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction in orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. This new family generalizes the current state-of-the-art companders that are based on modification of the OFDM signal amplitude statistics. We derive the compander and decompander forms for a specific, parameterized member of this family. The larger parameter set characterizing these new companders provides greater design flexibility. The new companders are shown to provide solutions over regions of the operating conditions space where other current companders fail to exist. These new solutions thus widen the application of companders for PAPR reduction, and expand the trade-space over demodulation performance, PAPR reduction, and out-of-band power rejection for compander design. Through numerical result generation and simulation, we generate performance results to show that the new companders offer performance improvements over current companders.
Effects of Residual Stress on the Electrical Properties of PZT Films (2007)

The effects of the residual stress (either compressive or tensile) induced during the heat‐treatment process on the electrical properties of Pb(Zr 0.52 Ti 0.48 )O 3 (PZT) films were investigated. The PZT films were deposited on platinized silicon substrates by the rf‐magnetron sputtering method using a single oxide target. After their deposition, the films were bent elastically by means of a specially designed fixture during the annealing process. Residual stress was induced in the film by removing the substrate from the fixture after annealing. The ferroelectric and piezoelectric properties of the films were markedly changed by the residual stresses; the remnant polarization ( P r ) and saturation polarization ( P sat ) increased when a compressive stress was induced. On the other hand, the piezoelectric properties increased when a tensile stress was induced in the film.
Human monocyte adhesion onto RGD and PHSRN peptides delivered to the surface of a polycarbonate polyurethane using bioactive fluorinated surface modifiers (2007)

Fluorinated oligomers, when blended into polyurethane, have been shown to migrate to the surface and generate an interface that minimizes protein denaturation and reduces cell activation. This type of surface modification can be achieved with ppm quantities of a bioactive fluorinated surface modifier (BFSM), enabling the introduction of bioactive agents onto a surface in one manufacturing step. In the current study, two BFSMs were synthesized with covalently conjugated RGD and PHSRN peptides near the fluorine terminal groups, and were shown to be surface active in polyurethane blends. CyQuant cell enumeration, scanning electron microscopy, and cell viability assays all indicated that the bioactive (and fluorinated) substrates supported enhanced monocyte interaction. The simplicity of the surface modification technique and the demonstrated ability of the peptide BFSMs to influence cell attachment and spreading indicate the potential benefits and practical value of the BFSM technology in tailoring surfaces for biomaterial applications. This was specifically highlighted for human blood monocytes, a key cell involved in the early stages of wound healing.
Glutaric aciduria type I: From clinical, biochemical and molecular diversity to successful therapy (1999)

The biochemical hallmark of glutaric aciduria type I (GA I) due to glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency is the accumulation of glutaric acid, and to a lesser degree of 3-hydroxyglutaric and glutaconic acids. Abnormal metabolites vary from gross organic aciduria to only slightly or intermittently elevated or even normal excretion of glutaric acid, making the diagnosis sometimes difficult. Close to 100 pathogenic mutations have been identified in the gene encoding glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. Specific mutations correlate with low or no excretion of glutaric acid, but there appears to be no correlation between genotype and clinical phenotype. GA I causes unique age- and location-specific neuropathological sequelae. Starting in the second half of gestation, maturation of the frontal and temporal cortex is hindered, leading to the characteristic appearance of frontotemporal atrophy. Between 6 and 18 months of age, relatively mild neurological symptoms may become exacerbated by fever or a catabolic state in the course of common infections or routine immunizations, by fasts required for surgery, or by minor head injuries. Putamen and caudate are destroyed, resulting in a permanent movement disorder that is similar to cerebral palsy and ranges from extreme hypotonia to choreoathetosis to rigidity with spasticity. Recently, the underlying pathophysiology could be delineated to an environmentally triggered age- and location-specific overstimulation of the NMDA 2B receptor subtype. Current therapy prevents brain degeneration in more than 90% of affected infants who are treated prospectively. Without treatment, more than 90% of affected children will develop severe neurological disabilities. Recognition of this disorder before the brain has been injured is essential to treatment. GA I may be recognized in routine neonatal screening performed with tandem mass spectrometry by an elevation of glutarylcarnitine. Where this is not done, timely diagnosis depends on the recognition of relatively nonspecific physical findings such as hypotonia, irritability, macrocephaly, on the detection of suggestive abnormalities in neuroimaging and on quantitative urinary organic acid analysis by gas chromatography--mass spectrometry.
Civil Engineering, Architectural, and Building Contrivances (2013)

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Design of a Propagating Wave Resistivity Sensor in Order to Minimize the Influence of Borehole Fluids on the Sensor Response (1988)

ABSTRACT A propagating wave electromagnetic resistivity sensor has been developed which exhibits superior performance in low resistivity muds compared to the sensor previously available. The development of this sensor was a result of a careful analytical and experimental investigation of borehole effects on electromagnetic wave sensors. In its introduction, this paper summarizes the observed effects of borehole diameter and resistivity on the response of electromagnetic wave resistivity sensors; details follow in the body of the paper. Following this, a presentation is made of the experimental and theoretical methodology used to establish borehole correction curves. This method was used to optimize the response of an electromagnetic wave sensor and to develop a general model for the borehole response of electromagnetic wave sensors. This is an extremely simple mathematical model; because of its simplicity, it is significant that it works (using different coefficients) for both the improved and the older electromagnetic wave sensors. Borehole correction curves, as predicted by the model for both sensors, are in excellent agreement with experimental data over a wide range of mud resistivities. Accordingly, an accurate set of borehole correction curves is presented for both sensors. From these curves, it is apparent that borehole effects on the improved electromagnetic wave sensor are small to negligible for borehole diameters up to 12 1/4 inches and mud resistivities as low as .02 ohm meter. It has been reported that an MWD focused current type of device will provide more immunity to borehole effects when mud resistivity is very low than will an electromagnetic wave sensor. A comparison between the response of the improved electromagnetic wave sensor, that of an MWD focused-current resistivity sensor and of a lateral type of sensor demonstrates that this need not be the case. Finally, a logging example is presented in which the improved and original electromagnetic wave sensor responses are compared. This example also confirms the relative insensitivity of the improved propagating electromagnetic wave sensor to borehole effects.
Magnetic field paralleliser for 2π electron-spectrometer and electron-image magnifier (1983)

An electron-optical device has been constructed in which electrons originally emitted over 2 pi steradians from a region of small volume are formed into a beam of half-angle 2 degrees . The instrument makes use of a magnetic field that diverges from 1 to 10-3 Tesla. The energies of the electrons parallelised in this way have been measured with a time-of-flight technique, giving energy resolutions as low as 15 meV. Electrons of energy 0-3 eV, formed in multiphoton ionisation, were used for these tests. The device can also act as an electron-image magnifier, giving a spatial resolution of a few mu m in the source plane. Detailed theoretical and computational results on the properties of the new apparatus are given.
9<i>H</i>-Purine Scaffold Reveals Induced-Fit Pocket Plasticity of the BRD9 Bromodomain (2015)

The 2-amine-9H-purine scaffold was identified as a weak bromodomain template and was developed via iterative structure based design into a potent nanomolar ligand for the bromodomain of human BRD9 with small residual micromolar affinity toward the bromodomain of BRD4. Binding of the lead compound 11 to the bromodomain of BRD9 results in an unprecedented rearrangement of residues forming the acetyllysine recognition site, affecting plasticity of the protein in an induced-fit pocket. The compound does not exhibit any cytotoxic effect in HEK293 cells and displaces the BRD9 bromodomain from chromatin in bioluminescence proximity assays without affecting the BRD4/histone complex. The 2-amine-9H-purine scaffold represents a novel template that can be further modified to yield highly potent and selective tool compounds to interrogate the biological role of BRD9 in diverse cellular systems.
N-(N4-Aryl-N1 piperazinylmethyl)-4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)- piperidine-2,6-diones : CNS Depressants (1978)

Chemistry Department, Ramnarain Ruia College, Bombay-400 019 <em>Manuscript received 31 March 1978,:accepted 10 June 1978</em> Five N-(N<sup>4</sup>-aryl-N<sup>1</sup> -piperazinylmethyl)-4-(4'-methoxypbenyl)-Piperidine-2,6- diones(III) were synthesized by the reaction of 4-(4'-methoxyphenyl)-piperidine-1,6- dione(l) on N-aryl piperazines(ll) in presence of HCHO. The piperidiae dione(l) required for the synthesis, was prepared by an alternate route. Mass spectrum of III was studied.
The Integral Role of Tulsa Community College in the Mathematics and Science Preparation of Prospective Teachers (1998)

The role of the two-year college in the mathematics and science preparation of prospective teachers is fast becoming a prominent inﬂuence on teacher education programs across the country. This article describes the multifaceted role of Tulsa Community College (TCC), Tulsa, Oklahoma, in the preparation of prospective teachers in math and science. Since 1987 Tulsa Community College has hosted many events, activities, and programs aimed at the sciences. TCC activities/programs have focused on five areas: (1) preservice and inservice preparation; (2) summer teacher institutes supported by state and federal grants; (3) recruitment and emphasis on underrepresented groups; (4) parateacher associate degree/certiﬁcation program; (5) workshops, seminars, and other activities. This article presents the TCC role by examining these five areas in terms of assessment of successful strategies, signiﬁcant collaborations, and impact of the TCC teacher preparation activities on students and the community. Also presented are the implications for future TCC programs and the TCC vision for the math and science preparation of prospective teachers for the 21st century and beyond.
Kilometers-Range Dark-Pulse Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analyzer with Centimeters Spatial Resolution (2010)

A Dark-Pulse Brillouin Optical Time Domain Analyzer (BOTDA) configuration has been proposed to prolong the total sensing length by measuring both Brillouin Gain and Loss effect along fiber. The detected Brillouin signal will be identified by subtracting the two sided band of the Optical Carrier Suppressed (OCS) Stokes light. Due to the innovated configuration, the distributed Brillouin sensor developed for this study achieves a much higher total sensing length without severe received Brillouin Power depletion. The simulations results demonstrated that with the same launched Stokes power, the total sensing length will be prolonged for at least one time with less than 3dB received Power decrease.