gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
OLD MOLECULES, NEW CHEMISTRY (2004)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTOLD MOLECULES, NEW CHEMISTRYLong-mysterious heptazines are beginning to find use in making carbon nitride materialsELIZABETH K. WILSONView Author Information C&EN WEST COAST NEWS BUREAUCite this: Chem. Eng. News 2004, 82, 22, 34–35Publication Date (Print):May 31, 2004Publication History Published online14 November 2010Published inissue 31 May 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v082n022.p034https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v082n022.p034newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views10Altmetric-Citations15LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Carbon,Inorganic carbon compounds,Materials,Molecules Get e-Alerts
Technological advances in railroads' work order reporting systems (2003)

Work order reporting systems (WORSs) enable crewmen to report completed work directly from locomotives. This is accomplished by placing mobile data terminals onboard the locomotives. The terminals then communicate the completed work information to the railroad's host computer system over a data radio network. This approach avoids after-the-fact clerical input. Railroads can therefore reduce the clerical staff currently assigned to perform manual data-entry tasks. A reduction in car-hire costs and improved customer services are additional benefits resulting from the use of WORSs. After describing the WORS benefits, the authors discuss the system configuration.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HVAC testing, adjusting, and balancing manual (1997)

A Standard TAB Procedures. Airflow Measurement Equations. Fan Equations. Fan and System Curves. Fan Drives and Equations. Duct System Pressure Losses. Use of TAB Instruments (Airflow). Use of TAB Instruments (Hydronic, Thermal, Rotational, Electrical). HVAC Unit Air Measurements. Effects of Air Densities. Heat Transfer. Psychometrics. Indoor Air Quality. Energy Recovery. Pumps and System Curves. Pump and Hydronic Equations. Flow Measurements of Hydronic Systems. Recording TAB Data. Basic Electrical Data. HVAC Control Systems. Cleanroom Testing. Sound and Vibration. Troubleshooting. TAB Cost Estimating. TAB Mathematics.
Bicycle Ergometer For Paralyzed Muscle (1984)

A bicycle ergometer for exercising paralyzed muscle in man is described. This system can be used for isotonic training for both the cardiovascular system and skeletal muscle for individuals who are paralyzed. The device cannot be used on individuals who have lower motor neuron lesions. The device is based upon a standard MonarkTM bicycle ergometer. The ergometer has been modified with sensors for feedback of crank position that an Apple IITM computer then uses to coordinate stimulation of muscles. The muscles used in the study are the iliacus and quadriceps. Exercise training to test the device was conducted on four paraplegic and quadriplegic subjects over a period of 30 days. Exercise was induced three times per week for a period of 15 minutes. Results of these experiments show an increase in endurance and muscle size.
Using Culturally Relevant Approaches to Teaching Social Studies. (1996)

CXCR4-directed PET/CT mainly provided fair to good agreement rates for scan assessment, while a relevant level of experience seems to be required for an accurate imaging read-out.
{sup 225}Ac/{sup 213}Bi biomedical generator (1997)

Among the very limited number of potential alpha emitters, {sup 213}Bi has recently entered phase I of human trial against lung tumor in mice has shown total eradication of implanted tumors. Bismuth-213 decays with a t{sup {1/2}} of 45.6 min and emits an 8.4-MeV alpha particle 97.8% of the time. The decay of {sup 213}Bi follows with the emission of rather low abundance gamma rays: 440 keV (16.5%) and 1566 keV (2%). Carrier-free {sup 213}Bi is available from the {sup 225}Ac/{sup 213}Bi generator system with {sup 225}Ac (t{sub {1/2}} = 10 days) being the daughter of 7340-yr {sup 229}Th, which, in turn, is the decay daughter of long-lived {sup 233}U. Uranium-233 was produced at Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) in the 1960s and 1970s as part of the molten salt breeder reactor program. Thorium-229 was separated from a waste stream of {sup 233}U processing that had been stored in a number of waste tanks at ORNL. Our current inventory is {approximately}65 mCi of low-specific-activity ({approximately}0.4%) {sup 229}Th.
Fungal infections in patients undergoing blood and marrow transplantation (1999)

Fungal infections are currently a leading cause of infectious morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing allogeneic blood and marrow transplantation (BMT). Although the introduction of azole antifungals for prophylaxis has had a significant impact on the incidence of candidal infections (especially those caused by C. albicans and C. tropicalis), invasive aspergillosis has increased in incidence in many centers worldwide. Given the long risk period corresponding with graft-versus-host disease, and the toxicities of currently available mold-active antifungals, the development of a prevention strategy for these angioinvasive molds remains a challenge. The introduction of new antifungal drugs and adjunctive therapy to improve immune function may be beneficial in decreasing mortality associated with these infections in the future. Most importantly, a greater understanding of the pathogenesis of fungal disease and specific host risks is necessary to impact this increasingly important infection in immunocompromised hosts.
Stabilized Linear FM Generator (1973)

A technique for generating high-linearity chirp (linear FM) signals is presented. It uses a delay line and mixer to sense the slope of the output of a swept oscillator, and the difference from desired slope is fed back to correct the oscillator frequency. The technique also improves the coherence of the oscillator. An analysis is performed of the amount of linearization that can be achieved for three possible loop configurations. Experimental results are presented of tests run on a backward wave oscillator (BWO) operating over a bandwidth of 240 MHz with time duration of 120 μs. The results indicate a linearity corresponding to a phase error (from parabolic) of 30 degrees (peak) and coherence within 5 degrees.
Comparing Census Data in 90 Countries (1971)

Survey researchers in the United States and some Western European countries tend to take good census data for granted. But in international survey research, the differences in adequacy of census data from country to country are a matter of special concern. Censuses, to the researcher, are like blueprints to the building contractor; when they are lacking or contain serious gaps or deficiencies, new strategies must be developed-and this is expensive. So, if one sets a goal of achieving comparable survey data quality in different countries, much more thought and expense must go into the development of sampling frames and the administration of field work-if the relative inadequacies of census data are accounted for and compensations are knowingly made on a country-by-country basis. Paradoxically, in the very countries where census data are most deficient, data which are available become that much more important-for it is these same countries which lack such sampling tools as detailed maps, aerial photographs, and housing registers. The census is almost all one has. Moreover, when it comes to validating a study, there are often no secondary data (such as trade statistics) to be found-or if they do exist, they tend to be of questionable reliability. In this situation, it becomes that much more critical to check the sample characteristics against whatever population information may be available, despite its deficiencies. The situation is more favorable than my opening remarks may suggest. Recent census gains are far greater than is commonly supposed. The availability of census data of reasonable quality is accelerating. Demographers are learning how to pinpoint weaknesses in existing data and adjust for them. Moreover, the application of survey research on a world-wide scale has been concentrated in the past in those countries which are on the more end of the scale and which, in turn, have the best census data. Nevertheless, we are in a transition stage. While census advances are many, serious problems remain, even in the so-called developed countries. Key data are often omitted or they are not tabulated in usable form. The ability to assess and adjust census data is not everywhere applied. Some countries still lack any census data. Moreover, survey research is now being applied increasingly in those countries which have the most deficient population statistics. The purpose of this article is to show where we stand in this transition period and to examine the implications of this situation for the design and conduct of survey research. Accelerating Availability
The Extractive Desulfurization of Fuels Using Ionic Liquids Based on FeCl<sub>3</sub> (2010)

Abstract Six Lewis acid ionic liquids were synthesized and employed as extractants for desulfurization of the model oil containing dibenzothiophene (DBT). Very promising ionic liquid was 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride-FeCl3 ([bmim]Cl/FeCl3), which performed best in the studied ionic liquids under the same operating conditions. It can remove DBT from model oil after continuous extraction for four steps, and the desulfurization efficiency can reach 97.9% under mild reaction conditions. Other sulfur-containing compounds were also investigated. The used ionic liquid could be regenerated six times without a significant decrease in activity. Keywords: desulfurizationextractionFeCl3 ionic liquidsmodel oil Notes a The melting point of T4Cl/FeCl3 is higher; therefore, operating temperature was 70°C.
Detection of Occult Breast Cancer Micrometastases in Axillary Lymph Nodes Using a Multimarker Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction Panel (1998)

Multimarker RT-PCR analysis appears to be a readily available and highly sensitive method for the detection of axillary lymph node micrometastases. Longterm followup of RT-PCR positive patients will be required to determine its clinical relevance. If validated as a predictor of disease recurrence, this method would provide a powerful complement to routine histopathologic analysis of axillary lymph nodes.
GPS Signal Structure and Performance Characteristics (1978)

Details of the gps signal structure are discussed as relates to the signal generation and the performance of the navigation system. GPS performance objectives, orbit geometry, and propagation effects are summarized in order to gain better understanding of the signal and what characteristics it must provide. With these performance objectives as a preface, the details of the signal are described, showing the details of the dual frequency transmission and both the precision P and clear/acquisition C/A codes and their characteristics. Finally, the basic performance of simplified receivers operating on this received signal is discussed. It is shown that an rms position error of less than 10 meters is well within the achievable performance bounds of the system.
A plasmonic nanorod that walks on DNA origami (2015)

In nano-optics, a formidable challenge remains in precise transport of a single optical nano-object along a programmed and routed path toward a predefined destination. Molecular motors in living cells that can walk directionally along microtubules have been the inspiration for realizing artificial molecular walkers. Here we demonstrate an active plasmonic system, in which a plasmonic nanorod can execute directional, progressive and reverse nanoscale walking on two or three-dimensional DNA origami. Such a walker comprises an anisotropic gold nanorod as its 'body' and discrete DNA strands as its 'feet'. Specifically, our walker carries optical information and can in situ optically report its own walking directions and consecutive steps at nanometer accuracy, through dynamic coupling to a plasmonic stator immobilized along its walking track. Our concept will enable a variety of smart nanophotonic platforms for studying dynamic light-matter interaction, which requires controlled motion at the nanoscale well below the optical diffraction limit.
Modeling the cost of ownership of assembly and inspection (1996)

While the semiconductor industry may have the technologies required for the next 15 years of growth, the ability to implement these technologies in cost effective, competitive products is in question. The same impediment may also impact board and system level electronics. Cost of ownership (COO) was developed to address the economic and productive performance of a fabrication tool by estimating the total life-cycle cost of a specific semiconductor process step. Since there are many similarities between wafer fabrications, the methods used for estimating wafer fabrication COO may be applied to estimate device and system assembly COO. COO is also useful for equipment required to support manufacturing such as inspection tools. COO analysis for inspection equipment is more complex than for fabrication equipment, requiring a two-part analysis. First, the cost of operating the inspection tool is estimated. Second, the cost impact of inspection on the processes being measured must be estimated. The benefits of inspection are estimated by considering the impact of inspection on a process or product. Since characterization information improves the process, then inspection is a value added step.
High-energy quasi-phase-matched optical parametric oscillation in a 3-mm-thick periodically poled MgO:LiNbO_3 device (2004)

We have demonstrated high-energy quasi-phase-matched optical parametric oscillation in a 3-mm-thick periodically poled 5-mol. % MgO-doped LiNbO3 device with a 32.1-microm grating period and a 30-mm length. With a large-spot-size pump laser of 2.2-mm diameter, we obtained a total output pulse energy of 22 mJ for both the signal (wavelength 1.82 microm) and the idler (2.56 microm) waves at an input pump energy of 46 mJ.
Application of Hydroxyapatite-Sol as Drug Carrier (1994)

The application of hydroxyapatite-sol as a drug carrier is being developed. Hydroxyapatite-sol which is a suspension consisting of hydroxyapatite nano-crystals, was synthesized using an ultrasonic homogenizer. The size of the crystals was 40 x 15 x 10 mm3 on average and their specific surface area was 100 m2/g. An amount of a glycoside antibiotics adsorbed onto hydroxyapatite nano-crystals was measured. The drug adsorbed 0.2 mg per 1 mg of hydroxyapatite. The affect of the drug adsorbed onto the hydroxyapatite was investigated using cancer cells. The drug, adsorbed onto the hydroxyapatite nano-crystals, inhibited cancer cell growth.
Trends in the structure and bonding of noble metal clusters (2004)

We present a systematic study of the electronic properties and the geometric structure of noble metal clusters ${X}_{n}^{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ ($X=\mathrm{Cu}$, Ag, Au; $\ensuremath{\nu}=\ensuremath{-}1,0,+1$; $n\ensuremath{\leqslant}13$ and $n=20$), obtained from first-principles generalized gradient approximation density functional calculations based on norm-conserving pseudopotentials and numerical atomic basis sets. We obtain planar structures for the ground state of anionic $(\ensuremath{\nu}=\ensuremath{-}1)$, neutral $(\ensuremath{\nu}=0)$, and cationic $(\ensuremath{\nu}=1)$ species of gold clusters with up to 12, 11, and 7 atoms, respectively. In contrast, the maximum size of planar clusters with $\ensuremath{\nu}=\ensuremath{-}1,0,+1$ are $n=(5,6,5)$ for silver and (5,6,4) for copper. For ${X}_{20}$ we find a ${T}_{d}$ symmetry for gold and a compact ${C}_{s}$ structure for silver and copper. Our results for the cluster geometries agree partially with previous first-principles calculations, and they are in good agreement with recent experimental results for anionic and cationic gold clusters. The tendency to planarity of gold clusters, which is much larger than in copper and silver, is strongly favored by relativistic effects, which decrease the $s\text{\ensuremath{-}}d$ promotion energy and lead to hybridization of the half-filled $6s$ orbital with the fully occupied $5{d}_{{z}^{2}}$ orbital. That picture is substantiated by analyzing our calculated density matrix for planar and three-dimensional clusters of gold and copper. The trends for the cohesive energy, ionization potentials, electron affinities, and highest accupied and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap, as the cluster size increases, are studied in detail for each noble metal and rationalized in terms of two- and three-dimensional electronic shell models. The most probable fragmentation channels for ${X}_{n}^{\ensuremath{\nu}}$ clusters are in very good agreement with available experiments.
Etiology of Bilateral Abductor Vocal Cord Paralysis (1976)

The etiology of 389 cases of partial or complete bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis has been determined and classified. One hundred and forty-nine were infants and children 12 years of age and under; 240 were adults, age 13 and older. In the infants and children the paralyses were congenital in 82 cases, of which 43 were associated with other congenital anomalies, and 39 were without associated anomalies. Fifty-nine cases were considered acquired, most being secondary to underlying congenital anomalies, particularly the associated findings of meningomyelocele, Arnold-Chiari malformation, and hydrocephalus. Eight cases of paralysis in this age group were of undetermined etiology. Of the 240 adult cases of bilateral vocal cord paralysis. 138 followed thyroidectomy. Fifty-two cases were associated with various neurologic disorders, including poliomyelitis, Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular accident, Guillain-Barré syndrome, multiple sclerosis, neoplasms and other miscellaneous neurologic conditions. Sixteen cases were due to malignant neoplasms of the neck and mediastinum. The remaining 34 cases constitute a miscellaneous group which includes foreign bodies, bilateral neck dissection, infection, congenital lesions, trauma, and idiopathic paralyses. The characteristic symptoms of bilateral abductor vocal cord paralysis include normal or near normal phonation with inspiratory stridor which may progress to complete respiratory obstruction. These symptoms are due to the stationary but flaccid midline position of the vocal cords which places them in a phonating position, where they both obstruct the airway and produce a faily clear voice or cry. This paradoxical combination of symptoms was frequently found to be responsible for a failure or delay in diagnosis.
Analysis of a CDMA soft handoff algorithm (2002)

This paper analyzes the performance of a soft handoff algorithm of the type that has been proposed in IS-95 for a cellular CDMA system. While the analysis is stimulated by IS-95, the focus is more on developing applicable analysis methodology rather than on specifically modeling the present IS-95 algorithm. In the soft handoff scheme, multiple base stations are involved in the communication to and from one mobile station to improve the handoff performance on the boundaries between two base stations by providing channel diversity. On the other hand, there are additional resources used during soft handoff. There is, thus, a tradeoff between diversity advantage and resource utilization. The analysis provides quantification for this tradeoff. The analysis is validated with simulation. The analytical results can be used to gain insight and help select the appropriate handoff thresholds.
Regulation of pH in rat papillary tubule cells in primary culture. (1987)

To investigate the mechanisms responsible for urinary acidification in the terminal nephron, primary cultures of cells isolated from the renal papilla were grown as monolayers in a defined medium. Morphologically, cultured cells were epithelial in type, and similar to collecting duct principal cells. Cell pH measured fluorometrically in monolayers grown on glass slides showed recovery from acid loads in Na+-free media. Recovery was inhibited by cyanide, oligomycin A, and N-ethylmaleimide. Cyanide and oligomycin inhibited recovery less in the presence than in the absence of glucose. When cells were first acid loaded in a Na+-free medium and then exposed to external Na+, pH recovery also took place. This recovery exhibited first-order dependence on Na+ concentration and was inhibited by 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride. These studies demonstrate that in culture, collecting duct principal cells possess at least two mechanisms for acid extrusion: a proton ATP-ase and an Na+-H+ exchanger. The former may be responsible for some component of the urinary acidification observed in the papillary collecting duct in vivo; the role of the latter in acid-base transport remains uncertain.
Long-Term Safety and Effectiveness of Mixed Amphetamine Salts Extended Release in Adults With ADHD (2005)

Treatment with MAS XR 20-60 mg/day for adult ADHD was generally well tolerated and was associated with sustained symptomatic improvement for up to 24 months.
A new model of osteoarthritis in rabbits II. Evaluation of Anti-Osteoarthritic Effects of Selected Antirheumatic Drugs Administered Systemically (1983)

A battery of drugs with antirheumatic properties was tested for effects on the progress of osteoarthritis induced by a lateral meniscectomy procedure in knee joint cartilage of rabbits. Oral administration of the potent glucocorticoids, paramethasone acetate or triamcinolone, resulted in dramatic inhibition of cartilage degeneration. Significant protection against development of osteoarthritic lesions was also observed in rabbits treated with pirprofen or CGS 5391B but not with 9 other nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs. A marked reduction in joint pathology was also observed in rabbits treated with tribenoside (a glucofuranoside derivative) and with tamoxifen (an anti-estrogen). Slightly protective effects of borderline significance were observed with orgotein (a superoxide dismutase), gold sodium thiomalate, and D-penicillamine. Chloroquine and calcitonin were without effect. Therapeutic effectiveness of drugs in this model of osteoarthritis cannot be explained on the basis of their antiinflammatory properties.