gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Physiology and pathophysiology of poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation * (2001)

Abstract One of the immediate eukaryotic cellular responses to DNA breakage is the covalent post‐translational modification of nuclear proteins with poly(ADP‐ribose) from NAD + as precursor, mostly catalysed by poly(ADP‐ribose) polymerase‐1 (PARP‐1). Recently several other polypeptides have been shown to catalyse poly(ADP‐ribose) formation. Poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation is involved in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological phenomena. Physiological functions include its participation in DNA‐base excision repair, DNA‐damage signalling, regulation of genomic stability, and regulation of transcription and proteasomal function, supporting the previously observed correlation of cellular poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation capacity with mammalian life. The pathophysiology effects are mediated through PARP‐1 overactivity, which can cause cell suicide by NAD + depletion. It is apparent that the latter effect underlies the pathogenesis of a wide range of disease states including type‐1 diabetes, ischaemic infarcts in various organs, and septic or haemorrhagic shock. Therefore pharmacological modulation of poly(ADP‐ribosyl)ation may prove to be an exciting option for various highly prevalent, disabling and even lethal diseases. BioEssays 23:795–806, 2001. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Immunoglobulin G4: an odd antibody (2009)

Despite its well-known association with IgE-mediated allergy, IgG4 antibodies still have several poorly understood characteristics. IgG4 is a very dynamic antibody: the antibody is involved in a continuous process of half-molecules (i.e. a heavy and attached light-chain) exchange. This process, also referred to as 'Fab-arm exchange', results usually in asymmetric antibodies with two different antigen-combining sites. While these antibodies are hetero- bivalent, they will behave as monovalent antibodies in most situations. Another aspect of IgG4, still poorly understood, is its tendency to mimic IgG rheumatoid factor (RF) activity by interacting with IgG on a solid support. In contrast to conventional RF, which binds via its variable domains, the activity of IgG4 is located in its constant domains. This is potentially a source of false positives in IgG4 antibody assay results. Because regulation of IgG4 production is dependent on help by T-helper type 2 (Th2) cells, the IgG4 response is largely restricted to non-microbial antigens. This Th2-dependency associates the IgG4 and IgE responses. Another typical feature in the immune regulation of IgG4 is its tendency to appear only after prolonged immunization. In the context of IgE-mediated allergy, the appearance of IgG4 antibodies is usually associated with a decrease in symptoms. This is likely to be due, at least in part, to an allergen-blocking effect at the mast cell level and/or at the level of the antigen-presenting cell (preventing IgE-facilitated activation of T cells). In addition, the favourable association reflects the enhanced production of IL-10 and other anti-inflammatory cytokines, which drive the production of IgG4. While in general, IgG4 is being associated with non-activating characteristics, in some situations IgG4 antibodies have an association with pathology. Two striking examples are pemphigoid diseases and sclerosing diseases such as autoimmune pancreatitis. The mechanistic basis for the association of IgG4 with these diseases is still enigmatic. However, the association with sclerosing diseases may reflect an excessive production of anti-inflammatory cytokines triggering an overwhelming expansion of IgG4-producing plasma cells. The bottom line for allergy diagnosis: IgG4 by itself is unlikely to be a cause of allergic symptoms. In general, the presence of allergen-specific IgG4 indicates that anti-inflammatory, tolerance-inducing mechanisms have been activated. The existence of the IgG4 subclass, its up-regulation by anti-inflammatory factors and its own anti-inflammatory characteristics may help the immune system to dampen inappropriate inflammatory reactions.
Loss of post-transcriptional regulation of DNMT3b by microRNAs: A possible molecular mechanism for the hypermethylation defect observed in a subset of breast cancer cell lines (2012)

A hypermethylation defect associated with DNMT hyperactivity and DNMT3b overexpression characterizes a subset of breast cancers and breast cancer cell lines. We analyzed breast cancer cell lines for differential expression of regulatory miRs to determine if loss of miR-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of DNMT3b represents the molecular mechanism that governs the overexpression of DNMT3b that drives the hypermethylation defect in breast cancer. MicroRNAs (miRs) that regulate (miR-29a, miR-29b, miR-29c, miR-148a, miR-148b) or are predicted (miR-26a, miR-26b, miR-203, miR-222) to regulate DNMT3b were examined among 10 hypermethylator and 6 non-hypermethylator breast cancer cell lines. Hypermethylator cell lines express diminished levels of miR-29c, miR-148a, miR-148b, miR-26a, miR-26b, and miR-203 compared to non-hypermethylator cell lines. miR expression patterns correlate inversely with methylation-sensitive gene expression (r=-0.66, p=0.0056) and directly with the methylation status of these genes (r=0.72, p=0.002). To determine the mechanistic role of specific miRs in the dysregulation of DNMT3b among breast cancer cell lines, miR levels were modulated by transfection of pre-miR precursors for miR-148b, miR-26b, and miR-29c into hypermethylator cell lines (Hs578T, HCC1937, SUM185) and transfection of antagomirs directed against miR-148b, miR-26b, and miR-29c into non-hypermethylator cell lines (BT20, MDA-MB-415, MDA-MB-468). Antagomir-mediated knock-down of miR-148b, miR-29c, and miR-26b significantly increased DNMT3b mRNA in non-hypermethylator cell lines, and re-expression of miR-148b, miR-29c, and miR-26b following transfection of pre-miR precursors significantly reduced DNMT3b mRNA in hypermethylator cell lines. These findings strongly suggest that: i) post-transcriptional regulation of DNMT3b is combinatorial, ii) diminished expression of regulatory miRs contributes to DNMT3b overexpression, iii) re-expression of regulatory miRs reduces DNMT3b mRNA levels in hypermethylator breast cancer cell lines, and iv) down-regulation of regulatory miRs increases DNMT3b mRNA levels in non-hypermethylator breast cancer cell lines. In conlcusion, the molecular mechanism governing the DNMT3b-mediated hypermethylation defect in breast cancer cell lines involves the loss of post-transcriptional regulation of DNMT3b by regulatory miRs.
Physikochemische Grundlagen der Bildsamkeit von Kalken unter Einbeziehung des Begriffes der aktiven Oberfläche (1958)

Die Bildsamkeit (Plastizität) der durch Löschen von Branntkalken in überschüssigem Wasser oder durch Einsumpfen von Trockenhydraten erhältlichen Kalkteige ist eine ihrer wichtigen bautechnologischen Eigenschaften, ermöglicht sie doch erst die vorteilhaften Verarbeitungseigenschaften und die Geschmeidigkeit der Kalkmörtel. In einer Zeit der Rationalisierung und Normierung der Baustoffe kann man sich weder mit der empirischen Feststellung zufriedengeben, daß die Bildsamkeit von Kalkteigen je nach ihrer Herkunft bzw. Herstellungsweise verschieden sein kann, noch sollte man es versäumen, alle im Baustoff Kalk liegenden Möglichkeiten auszuschöpfen.
Effects of Lidocaine and Calcitonin Gene-Related Peptide (CGRP) on Isolated Human Radial Arteries (1993)

Vasoconstriction during and after microsurgery may cause hypoperfusion and result in flap necrosis. This study investigated the vascular effects of two known vasodilators: lidocaine and the naturally-occurring substance, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP). Experiments were performed in vitro on 47 human radial arterial rings from 18 patients undergoing reconstruction after head and neck tumor surgery with free radial forearm flaps. Lidocaine produced a biphasic dose-response curve, with contraction at low concentrations (1.5 x 10(-5) to 1.5 x 10(-3) M) and relaxation at higher concentrations (4.5 x 10(-3) to 1.5 x 10(-2) M). It caused significantly stronger contractions in arteries with mechanically removed endothelium, compared with arteries with intact endothelium. Prolonged rebound contraction occurred when the lidocaine concentration was decreased. Lidocaine also potentiated noradrenaline-induced contraction. CGRP produced only dose-dependent relaxation of constricted radial arteries at low concentrations (3 x 10(-10) to 10(-7) M). The contractile effects of lidocaine should be considered when a vasodilative substance is required.
Radio-frequency clock delivery via free-space frequency comb transmission (2009)

We characterize the instability of an rf clock signal caused by free-space transmission of a frequency comb (FC) under typical laboratory conditions. The phase-noise spectra show the involvement of multiple random processes. For a 10 m transmission, the rms timing jitter integrated over 1-10(5) Hz is 95 fs, and the root Allan variance over 1 s is 4x10(-13). The measured Allan variance has a tau(-1) behavior and an excellent agreement with the phase noise measurement. These results indicate the feasibility of FC-based free-space rf clock distribution over short distances.
<title>Visual morphology</title> (1999)

Morphology is one of the most active research areas in nonlinear image processing and has many applications. The basic reason for this is the good noise attenuation and edge preservation performance, quantitative description of geometrical structure while maintaining low computational complexity. Over the past twenty years, many efforts have been devoted in psychophysics and physiology to analyzes the response of the human visual system which can perfectly detect and recognize the image information. Because the human visual system is an excellent image processor, it is natural to find and use a gap between the human visual system and morphology. The goal of this article is to introduce a new concept, Visual Morphology, which shares many of the important characteristics of the human visual system and morphology. This technique has been employed on NASA's Earth Observing System satellite data for the purpose of anomaly detection and visualization. Also, it has shown the beneficial effect of applying SAR images. It helps to improve the detection of small targets. Both theoretical analysis and simulation results have shown that the proposed concept has a great future.
Circuit applications of Ovonic switching devices (1973)

A review of application circuits for two-terminal amorphous semiconductor switching devices encompassing both the threshold and memory switches is presented, including brief discussions of device electrical and structural characteristics. The most useful electrical properties of these devices are seen to be the threshold turn-on characteristic and the high on-to-off impedance ratio, in the range 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> to 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">7</sup> . Particular emphasis is placed on those applications requiring the versatility of thin-film processing techniques to show feasibility. Also, recent device and circuit developments utilizing a thin-film four-terminal switching structure to obtain input/ output circuit isolation are discussed.
Modified safia utilizing aggregated microphones (2006)

This paper introduces SAFIA: sound source Segregation based on estimating incident Angle of each Frequency component of Input sources Acquired by multiple microphones, which utilizes the level differences of directional microphones located at the same place, namely aggregated microphones. SAFIA can realize sound source separation based on the difference of the power level between two microphones. In the conventional SAFIA, one microphone for target signal (handset) is located near the target signal. The other microphone for noise signal is located far from the target signal. Hence, SAFIA needs the large system size. Our research target is to solve this problem utilizing aggregated microphones. In this paper, we firstly explain the conventional SAFIA system and the problem of SAFIA. We then apply SAFIA to the aggregated microphones and compare the proposed method with the conventional SAFIA. We demonstrate the experimental results of sound separation utilizing the proposed method.
Zerstörungsfreie Zustandsermittlung und Qualitätssicherung in der Betoninstandsetzung (2005)

Eine realistische Abschätzung des finanziellen Instandsetzungsaufwands im Vorfeld einer Betoninstandsetzung basiert auf der detaillierten und belastbaren Kenntnis des Bauwerkszustands. Mit Hilfe zerstörungsfreier Prüfverfahren im Bauwesen (ZfPBau-Verfahren) können Schadensart, -umfang und -ursachen ermittelt und wirksame Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen festgelegt werden. In dem Beitrag wird auf folgende Anwendungsgebiete von ZfPBau-Verfahren hingewiesen: Brückenprüfung nach DIN 1076 (Objektbezogene Schadensanalyse), RI-ZFP-TU – Richtlinie für die Anwendung der zerstörungsfreien Prüfung von Tunnelinnenschalen (Qualitätssicherung) und Nachhaltiges Bauen durch Wiedernutzung vorhandener Bausubstanz. Es wird eine Übersicht akustischer (Ultraschallecho, Impakt-Echo), elektromagnetischer (Radar, Infrarot-Thermografie, Radiografie), elektrochemischer (Potentialfeldmessung), magnetischer (Remanenzmagnetismus-Verfahren) und spektroskopischer (Laser-Induzierte Breakdown Spektroskopie) ZfPBau-Verfahren gegeben. Die Schwerpunkte der beschriebenen baupraktischen Anwendungen bilden Zustandsermittlung von Bauteilen und Qualitätssicherung von Instandsetzungsmaßnahmen. Dabei werden Leistungsfähigkeit und Grenzen der Verfahren anhand von durchgeführten Untersuchungen aufgezeigt. Die aktuellen Literaturhinweise auf Verfahrensgrundlagen, detaillierte Messergebnisse und Anwendungshinweise ermöglichen ein vertieftes Studium. Die zusammenfassende Betrachtung der beschriebenen Verfahren soll dem planenden bzw. bauüberwachenden Ingenieur Hinweise geben, die ihm eine erste Einschätzung erlauben, ob und in welchem Maß der Einsatz eines ZfPBau-Verfahrens als erfolgversprechend angesehen werden kann.
How do changes in teacher behaviors impact the linking of representations and generalizations in students (2006)

This paper was presented at the Twenty Eighth Annual Meeting of the North American Chapter of the International Group for the Psychology of Mathematics Education in Merida, Yucatan, Mexico.
Isolation and characterization of s-myc, a member of the rat myc gene family. (1989)

A 9-kilobase-pair clone containing a myc-related gene that we have designated s-myc was isolated from a rat genomic library. The entire nucleotide sequence of the cloned DNA was determined, showing that the s-myc gene contains an open reading frame consisting of 1287 base pairs without introns. In vitro transcription-translation analysis of s-myc indicated that this gene produces a protein of approximately 50 kDa. The amino acid sequence predicted from the DNA sequence showed that the s-Myc protein is closely related to the murine N-Myc protein but lacks an acidic amino acid-rich sequence commonly present in the Myc-family proteins. Studies on transfection of s-myc into rat RT4-AC tumor cells revealed that the gene produces a polyadenylylated transcript of approximately 4.7 kilobases and that its high-level expression suppresses the tumor-igenicity of RT4-AC tumor cells in nude mice.
Medical image segmentation on GPUs – A comprehensive review (2014)

Segmentation of anatomical structures, from modalities like computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound, is a key enabling technology for medical applications such as diagnostics, planning and guidance. More efficient implementations are necessary, as most segmentation methods are computationally expensive, and the amount of medical imaging data is growing. The increased programmability of graphic processing units (GPUs) in recent years have enabled their use in several areas. GPUs can solve large data parallel problems at a higher speed than the traditional CPU, while being more affordable and energy efficient than distributed systems. Furthermore, using a GPU enables concurrent visualization and interactive segmentation, where the user can help the algorithm to achieve a satisfactory result. This review investigates the use of GPUs to accelerate medical image segmentation methods. A set of criteria for efficient use of GPUs are defined and each segmentation method is rated accordingly. In addition, references to relevant GPU implementations and insight into GPU optimization are provided and discussed. The review concludes that most segmentation methods may benefit from GPU processing due to the methods' data parallel structure and high thread count. However, factors such as synchronization, branch divergence and memory usage can limit the speedup.
Inhibition of active NaCl reabsorption in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle by torasemide. (1988)

The new diuretic torasemide (1-isopropyl-3- ([4-(3-methyl-phenylamino)pyridine]-3-sulfonyl)urea) was tested in isolated in vitro perfused cortical thick ascending limbs of Henle loops of rabbit kidney. The equivalent short circuit current (Isc) corresponding in this nephron segment to the rate of secondarily active Cl-reabsorption was measured continuously. Torasemide led to a rapid and reversible inhibition of Isc when added to the luminal perfusate. The IC50 for this effect was 3 x 10(-7) mol/l. A similar effect was also exerted by torasemide addition to the peritubular bath. However, 100 times larger doses were needed. The data are compatible with the view that torasemide interacts with both, the Na+2Cl-K+ carrier, localized in the luminal membrane, and, at higher concentrations, with the chloride channels present in the basolateral membrane of this nephron segment. Under normal conditions, and in the intact kidney, the former effect, i.e. interference with the Na+2Cl-K+ carrier will be the dominant action of this drug.
Effect of Thermal Vibrations on Diffraction from Perfect Crystals. I. The Case of Anomalous Transmission (1962)

The temperature behavior of anomalously diffracted x rays in thick crystals (${\ensuremath{\mu}}_{0}t=20$) of germanium has been experimentally determined. The behavior is consistent with a Debye-Waller factor of $\mathrm{exp}(\ensuremath{-}1.32M)$ which, from the present state of the theory is unexpected. Theory suggests ${e}^{\ensuremath{-}M}$. The possibility of explaining this behavior in terms of a thermally vibrating standing wave field is presented. The absolute value of the imaginary part of the scattering factor for a nonvibrating atom has been experimentally determined for several reflections. The experiment indicates that this quantity is sensibly independent of angle which is is disagreement with a classical treatment of anomalous dispersion. The possibility of explaining these results by a more refined calculation is discussed.
Imaging Synaptogenesis by Measuring Accumulation of Synaptic Proteins: Figure 1. (2009)

Synapse formation and modification involve the successive recruitment of pre- and post-synaptic signaling molecules. The procedure presented here investigates the function of specific synaptic factors in gain- and loss-of-function experiments by measuring protein accumulation at synapses using quantitative immunohistochemistry, confocal microscopy, and image analysis. Although the procedure is described for dissociated cultures of hippocampal neurons, it can be extended to various neuronal cell types in culture.
Optimization of electrostatic binding free energy : application to barnase and barstar (1999)

Thesis (Ph.D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Physics, 1999.
Transient ulnar artery compression facilitates transradial access (2016)

Transient ulnar artery compression enhances the efficacy and feasibility of radial artery intubatton in transradial catheterization.
Detection of 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) in patients with influenza-like illness (ILI) (2020)

Abstract 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) is firstly found in Wuhan and has caused over 14,000 infections all over the world. We retrospectively investigated the presence of 2019-nCoV among influenza-like illness patients in Wuhan. Nine cases in January 2020 were 2019-nCoV positive, suggesting the virus has established community transmission in Wuhan, the origin and center of this epidemic.Authors Wen-Hua Kong, Yao Li, and Ming-Wei Peng contributed equally to this work.
Ensemble-based seismic history matching with data reparameterization using convolutional autoencoder (2018)

In this work, we propose an ensemble-based seismic history matching approach to predict reservoir properties, i.e. porosity and permeability, with uncertainty quantification, using both production and time lapse seismic data. To avoid the common underestimation of uncertainty in ensemblebased optimization approaches, and to make the computation feasible, we introduce the convolutional autoencoder to reparameterize seismic data into a lower dimensional space. We then apply the Ensemble Smoother with Multiple Data Assimilation to optimize an ensemble of reservoir models using the production and re-parameterized seismic data. The proposed methodology is tested on a 2D synthetic case. The inversion results indicate that the method can largely improve the characterization of reservoir models compared to the history-matching scenario with production data only. Presentation Date: Tuesday, October 16, 2018 Start Time: 8:30:00 AM Location: 209A (Anaheim Convention Center) Presentation Type: Oral
Measurement and analysis of muscle tremor using a digitising tablet (2002)

This paper describes a graphical user interface (GUI) which was developed to utilize a standard digitising tablet to sample the rhythmic muscle contractions experienced by people suffering from muscle tremor. The software, interface unit and database were developed using Delphi. The system has been extensively tested under simulated conditions and found to be remarkably accurate. The paper also discusses the database which was implemented to record and retrieve recordings for analysis purposes.
ChemInform Abstract: The Carbon—Metal Double Bond in Organic Synthesis (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Lubrication for Heat Assisted Magnetic Recording Media (2006)

Conventional magnetic recording has been projected to suffer from superparamagnetic instabilities at high bit densities. Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is one of the promising approaches to overcome this problem. The track where writing is taking place is heated and cooled rapidly. The lubricant is therefore required to withstand repeated temperature changes from room temperature to above 300degC in a few nanoseconds. In order to improve thermal stability, series novel lubricants with appropriate molecular weight and functional end groups were synthesized in this study. The friction coefficient for Lube-1 film is lower than that of Z-dol film in all test rotating speed range. The Lube-1 film has good initial uniformity and excellent thermal stability and antilaser irradiation property. In addition, Lube-1 performs better tribology property compare to commercial available lubricants.