gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inducible Gene Expression in <i>Lactobacillus reuteri</i> LTH5531 during Type II Sourdough Fermentation (2005)

Lactobacillus reuteri LTH5531 is a dominant member of the microbiota of type II sourdough fermentations. To investigate the genetic background of the ecological performance of LTH5531, in vivo expression technology was used to identify promoters that show elevated levels of expression during growth of this organism in a type II sourdough fermentation. Thirty-eight sourdough-induced fusions were detected, and 29 genes could be identified on the basis of the available sequence information. Four genes encoded stress-related functions (e.g., acid and general stress response), reflecting the harsh conditions prevailing during sourdough fermentation. Further, eight genes were involved in acquisition and synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides, indicating their limited availability in sourdough. The remaining genes were either part of functionally unrelated pathways or encoded hypothetical proteins. The identification of a putative proteinase and a component of the arginine deiminase pathway is of technological interest, as they are potentially involved in the formation of aroma precursors. Our study allowed insight into the transcriptional response of Lactobacillus reuteri to the dough environment, which establishes the molecular basis to investigate bacterial properties that are likely to contribute to the ecological performance of the organism and influence the final outcome of the fermentation.
Histone deacetylase inhibition by valproic acid down-regulates c-FLIP/CASH and sensitizes hepatoma cells towards CD95- and TRAIL receptor-mediated apoptosis and chemotherapy (2006)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is highly resistant to chemotherapy, leading to a poor prognosis of advanced disease. Inhibitors of histone deacetylase (HDACi) induce re-differentiation in tumor cells and thereby re-establish sensitivity towards apoptotic stimuli. HDACi are entering the clinical stage of tumor treatment, and several substances are currently being tested in clinical trials to prove their efficacy in the treatment of leukemias and solid tumors. In this study, we investigated the impact of the HDACi valproic acid (VA) on TRAIL- and CD95-mediated apoptosis in hepatoma cells, as well as its sensitizing effect on a chemotherapeutic agent. Treatment of HepG2 cells with VA increased sensitivity to CD95-mediated apoptosis (4% apoptosis vs. 42%), and treatment with epirubicin (74% vs. 90% viability). Caspase-3 activity was significantly enhanced in cells treated with VA plus anti-CD95 antibodies compared to cells treated with antibodies alone. In parallel, VA strongly augmented the effect of TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL or Apo2 ligand) on HepG2 cells (10% vs. 58% apoptosis). VA induced down-regulation of cellular FLICE-inhibitory protein (c-FLIP/CASH, also known as Casper/iFLICE/FLAME-1/CLARP/MRIT/usurpin), providing a possible molecular mechanism underlying the increased sensitivity towards cell death-mediated apoptosis. HDAC inhibitors are a promising class for the treatment of leukemias. In addition, among other class members, VA deserves further evaluation as a treatment option for patients with advanced HCC.
Annular planar monopole antennas (2002)

A type of annular planar monopole antenna is presented. The impedance and radiation characteristics of the monopole with different holes and feed gaps are experimentally examined. The measured results demonstrate that the proposed antenna is capable of providing significantly broad impedance bandwidth with acceptable radiation performance.
An optical navigator for brain surgery (1996)

Computer-assisted surgery (CAS) helps surgeons find their bearings during operations under difficult visual conditions. These include brain surgery and other head operations. CAS combines coordinate measurements of the operating instruments and superimposes their positions on to images of the operation area so that surgeons can follow instrument movements on a computer screen. Since 1986, the Institute for Measurement Techniques (Lehrstuhl fu/spl uml/r Me/spl szlig/technik) has been working in close cooperation with the Aachen University Hospital to develop CAS systems. This project has successfully treated numerous patients in the areas of neurosurgery, otorhinolaryngology (ear, nose and throat), ophthalmology, radiotherapy and neurology. Based on this work, Philips Medical Systems has developed a commercial system for neurosurgery. This orientation device to aid physician accuracy in brain surgery has been developed by combining 3D position measurement techniques, digital image processing and 3D display techniques. This article provides an overview of the development process and an outlook on possible applications.
Effects of pH on Caramelization and Maillard Reaction Kinetics in Fructose‐Lysine Model Systems (2001)

ABSTRACT: The nonenzymatic browning reactions of fructose and fructose‐lysine aqueous model systems were investigated at 100 °C between pH 4.0 and pH 12.0 by measuring the loss of reactants and monitoring the pattern of UV‐absorbance and brown color development. At all the pH values tested, the loss of fructose was lower in the presence than in the absence of lysine. And, in lysine‐containing fructose solution, the sugar disappeared more rapidly than the amino acid. Lysine was moderately lost below pH 8.0. Caramelization of fructose, which accounted for more than 40% of total UV‐absorbance and 10 to 36% of brown color development, may therefore lead to overestimating the Maillard reaction in foods.
The role of sodium channels in disease (2001)

Native sodium channels exist as polypeptide multimers of an alpha-subunit (260 kDa) and subsidiary and smaller beta-subunits, which are divided into at least three subtypes--beta(1), beta(2) and beta(3). The alpha-subunits are structurally diverse, arising from multiple sodium channel genes and alternative splicing events. Recent progress has led to a good understanding of the molecular structure of sodium channels, how they work and the significance of their expression in particular cell types. This, coupled with experimental studies linking particular isoforms with particular disease states and the discovery of distinct human sodium channelopathies (specific mutations in specific isoforms that cause a variety of diseases, including paralysis, long QT syndrome and epilepsy), is beginning to reveal how particular sodium channel subtypes underlie specific pathologies. All this provides great potential for the development of new therapies. The first generation of sodium channel blockers has led to a broad-spectrum anticonvulsant that is now widely used (lamotrigine) and an impressive neuroprotective agent that is in clinical trials for stroke (sipatrigine). The development of the next generation of sodium channel blockers will be greatly facilitated by elaboration of the pharmacology of the various isoforms, which itself is dependent upon the existence of reliable, rapid and high-throughput assays for sodium channel activity.
Simultaneous evaluation of fatty acid metabolism and myocardial flow in an explanted heart. (1996)

Myocardial viability can be defined more accurately with radioiodinated PHIPA 3-10 than with 99mTc-sestamibi. The differences of biodistribution in viable myocardium and scars indicate that not only perfusion but also the metabolic state of the myocardium can be evaluated with radioiodinated PHIPA 3-10.
Generation of Progesterone-Responsive Endometrial Stromal Fibroblasts from Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Role of the WNT/CTNNB1 Pathway (2018)

Defective endometrial stromal fibroblasts (EMSFs) contribute to uterine factor infertility, endometriosis, and endometrial cancer. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from skin or bone marrow biopsies provide a patient-specific source that can be differentiated to various cells types. Replacement of abnormal EMSFs is a potential novel therapeutic approach for endometrial disease; however, the methodology or mechanism for differentiating iPSCs to EMSFs is unknown. The uterus differentiates from the intermediate mesoderm (IM) to form coelomic epithelium (CE) followed by the Müllerian duct (MD). Here, we successfully directed the differentiation of human iPSCs (hiPSCs) through IM, CE, and MD to EMSFs under molecularly defined embryoid body culture conditions using specific hormonal treatments. Activation of CTNNB1 was essential for expression of progesterone receptor that mediated the final differentiation step of EMSFs before implantation. These hiPSC-derived tissues illustrate the potential for iPSC-based endometrial regeneration for future cell-based treatments.
Molecular cloning reveals isoforms of bovine alpha 1-antichymotrypsin. (1994)

Comparison of bovine alpha 1-antichymotrypsin (ACT) protease inhibitor with that in human was achieved by cloning a nearly full-length bovine ACT cDNA of 1.5 kb, obtained by screening a bovine liver cDNA library with the human liver ACT cDNA. The deduced primary sequence indicated that the 1456-bp bovine ACT cDNA encodes a protein of 416 amino acids that contains the predicted full-length ACT with a 26-residue NH2-terminal signal sequence. Overall, the primary sequence of bovine ACT possesses a high degree of homology (55%) with human ACT; both bovine and human ACTs share common sequences in the reactive-site domains. Importantly, the reactive site of bovine ACT possesses serine as the predicted P1 position (residue at the NH2-terminal side of the cleaved peptide bond) of the reactive site, whereas human ACT contains leucine in the P1 position. Interestingly, further evidence for heterogeneity in P1 residues was provided by a second partial 0.9-kb bovine liver ACT cDNA clone (pHHK11) that contains isoleucine as P1 residue and shares only partial homology (68%) with the deduced primary sequence of the full-length bovine liver ACT cDNA clone (pHHK12). These findings suggest that isoforms of ACT in bovine liver vary in reactive-site P1 residues; the P1 position of the reactive site is often involved in protease inhibitor specificity. Consistent with the hypothesis of ACT isoforms was the demonstration of multiple copies of the bovine ACT gene by genomic blots.
Comparison of drug-eluting stent cell size using micro-CT: important data for bifurcation stent selection (2008)

The cell sizes of the investigated stents differ considerably. This should be taken into account when applying a particular bifurcation stenting technique. The risk on limited main or side branch patency due to obstructing stent struts can be minimised by using the reported data for stent selection.
Carbon Nanotube Based Composites- A Review (2005)

Carbon nanofibers and nanotubes are promising to revolutionise several fields in material science and are a major component of nanotechnology. Further market development will depend on material availability at reasonable prices. Nanotubes have a wide range of unexplored potential applications in various technological areas such as aerospace, energy, automobile, medicine, or chemical industry, in which they can be used as gas adsorbents, templates, actuators, composite reinforcements, catalyst supports, probes, chemical sensors, nanopipes, nano-reactors etc. In this paper, recent research on carbon nanotube composites are reviewed. The interfacial bonding properties, mechanical performance, electrical percolation of nanotube/polymer and ceramic are also reviewed.
Potential of Silicone Compounds in Restriction of Water Production in Gas Wells (2003)

12 th European Symposium on Improved Oil Recovery Kazan 8-10 September 2003 Potential of Silicone Compounds in Restriction of Water Production in Gas Wells I. LAKATOS J. TÓTH J. LAKATOS-SZABÓ K. BAUER Research Institute of Applied Chemistry Univ. Miskolc Hungary B. KOSZTIN Gy. PALÁSTHY F. Hungarian Oil and Gas Company Hungary Gas production from gas fields and underground gas storage is usually accompanied by substantial water production. The high water production often deteriorates the recovery efficiency and hamper maintaining an environmentally friendly operation. Therefore during the past decades intensive R&D activity has been made to develop a viable method to
Efficient and Secure Key Extraction using CSI without Chasing down Errors (2012)

Generating keys and keeping them secret is critical in secure communications. Due to the "open-air" nature, key distribution is more susceptible to attacks in wireless communications. An ingenious solution is to generate common secret keys by two communicating parties separately without the need of key exchange or distribution, and regenerate them on needs. Recently, it is promising to extract keys by measuring the random variation in wireless channels, e.g., RSS. In this paper, we propose an efficient Secret Key Extraction protocol without Chasing down Errors, SKECE. It establishes common cryptographic keys for two communicating parties in wireless networks via the realtime measurement of Channel State Information (CSI). It outperforms RSS-based approaches for key generation in terms of multiple subcarriers measurement, perfect symmetry in channel, rapid decorrelation with distance, and high sensitivity towards environments. In the SKECE design, we also propose effective mechanisms such as the adaptive key stream generation, leakage resilient consistence validation, and weighted key recombination, to fully exploit the excellent properties of CSI. We implement SKECE on off-the-shelf 802.11n devices and evaluate its performance via extensive experiments. The results demonstrate that SKECE achieves a more than 3x throughput gain in the key generation from one subcarrier in static scenarios, and due to its high efficiency, a 50% reduction on the communication overhead compared to the state-of-the-art RSS based approaches.
DEVIATION ALGORITHMS FOR RANKING SHORTEST PATHS (1999)

The shortest path problem is a classical network problem that has been extensively studied. The problem of determining not only the shortest path, but also listing the K shortest paths (for a given integer K>1) is also a classical one but has not been studied so intensively, despite its obvious practical interest. Two different types of problems are usually considered: the unconstrained and the constrained K shortest paths problem. While in the former no restriction in considered in the definition of a path, in the constrained K shortest paths problem all the paths have to satisfy some condition – for example, to be loopless. In this paper new algorithms are proposed for the uncontrained problem, which compute a super set of the K shortest paths. It is also shown that ranking loopless paths does not hold in general the Optimality Principle and how the proposed algorithms for the unconstrained problem can be adapted for ranking loopless paths.
When is the generalized likelihood ratio test optimal? (1992)

The generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT), which is commonly used in composite hypothesis testing problems, is investigated. Conditions for asymptotic optimality of the GLRT in the Neyman-Pearson sense are studied and discussed. First, a general necessary and sufficient condition is established, and then based on this, a sufficient condition, which is easier to verify, is derived. A counterexample where the GLRT is not optimal, is provided as well. A conjecture is stated concerning the optimality of the GLRT for the class of finite-state sources.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Controlled-Power-Angle Synchronous Motor Inverter Drive System (1973)

This paper describes a controlled-power-angle synchronous motor inverter system which provides drive characteristics similar to those of an induction motor inverter system. The system consists of a conventional synchronous motor with a shaft-position sensor which controls the firing of thyristors in an inverter. This paper investigates the steady-state properties and control strategies for the controlled-angle synchronous motor inverter system. Some experimental results are presented and compared with theoretical predictions.
Polymerization of Monomers Containing Functional Silyl Groups. 13. Anionic Polymerization of 2-[(<i>N</i>,<i>N</i>-Dialkylamino)dimethylsilyl]-1,3-butadiene Derivatives (1998)

Four 2-[(N,N-dialkylamino)silyl] substituted 1,3-butadiene derivatives, 2-[(N,N-diethylamino)dimethylsilyl]-1,3-butadiene (1), 2-[(N,N-dibutylamino)dimethylsilyl]-1,3-butadiene (2), 2-[(1-pyrrolidinyl)dimethylsilyl]-1,3-butadiene (3), and 2-[[N-[2‘-(N‘,N‘-dimethylamino)ethyl]-N-methylamino]dimethylsilyl]-1,3-butadiene (4), were newly synthesized and polymerized under various conditions of anionic polymerization. Under the condition of THF at −78 °C, all the monomers, 1−4, underwent living polymerization to afford the polymers of predictable molecular weights and narrow molecular weight distributions. On the other hand, side reactions occurred to some extent in the polymerizations of 1−4 carried out in heptane at 40 °C, although yields of polymers were quantitative in all cases within 1 h. The polymers obtained in THF consisted mainly of 1,4 (83−91%) and 1,2 (9−17%) linkages, while all the polymers obtained in heptane were structurally pure 1,4-addition products. There were mixtures of 1,4-E (16−32%) and 1,4-Z (68−84%) structures in the polymers of 1−3. The polymer of 4 was found to have a structure of exclusively 1,4-E unit.
3D Path Concept and Flight Management System (FMS) Trades (2006)

Accommodation of projected air travel demand increases over the next 20 years requires significant change in operations and the capability to handle a large number of additional airplanes at airports and in the airspace. This situation has been addressed by the development of operational concepts for implementation in the 2020-2025 timeframe. The concept in this paper focuses on the near-term operational implementation in the 2008-2012 timeframe for operations in high traffic conditions. The concept is fundamentally based on the concept of 3D paths that are sets of three-dimensionally defined flight paths to be used for path stretching or shortening by air traffic control (ATC). A set of 3D paths contains a nominal path that an airplane would fly without any ATC interaction, and additional path options to space airplanes, and provide timing control for required delay implementation. In this paper, we describe the 3D path concept and discuss 3D path designs based on operational and airspace requirements. Design of these flight paths, however, does not specify a particular implementation in the airplane's flight management system (FMS), the FMSs navigational data base (NDB) or its use in supporting ground automation and clearances. These implementation options and their impact on FMS functions, NDB size, ground automation and human factors are the main focus of this paper
Molecular beam epitaxy of diluted magnetic semiconductor (Cd1−<i>x</i>Mn<i>x</i>Te) superlattices (1984)

In this letter we report the first growth of diluted magnetic semiconductor superlattices. Bright and dark field transmission electron microscopy images confirm that the superlattices consist of distinct periodic layers of uniform composition and thickness. The photoluminescence spectra of the superlattices are found to be over three orders of magnitude more intense when compared to uniform thin films (and bulk samples) grown under similar conditions. The reason for this large increase is not clearly understood but this effect may have important consequences for future applications of these novel materials in optoelectronic devices.
Photoassisted Deposition of Chalcogenide Semiconductors on the Titanium Dioxide Surface:  Mechanistic and Other Aspects (2004)

Heterogeneous photocatalysis using photoexcited TiO2 substrates (either in dispersed suspensions or in thin film form) is shown to be a versatile method for preparing Se- or metal selenide (MSe)-modified TiO2 surfaces. The mechanistic aspects underlying this novel preparative route are addressed using chronopotentiometry and linear sweep photovoltammetry. The photovoltammograms of Se/TiO2 composite electrodes exhibit unusual “bipolar” behavior, i.e., both photocathodic and photoanodic enhancement of current flow on the same trace, depending on the imposed potential bias. This interesting photoelectrochemical behavior is rationalized on the basis of the electronic properties of the Se/TiO2 junction. Ex situ characterization of the composite semiconductor samples was also carried out. Finally, an application of CdSe/TiO2 samples for environmental remediation of CrVI is demonstrated.
The frequency-modulated reflective color sensor (2012)

In this paper frequency-modulated sensor for color detection based on reflective color sensing is proposed. Sensor consists of an RGB LED and a phototransistor. Red, green and blue LEDs are excited at different frequencies. In this way detection of the reflected signal is achieved with only one photodetector and three bandpass filters. Color information from the sensor is obtained using digital signal processing of frequency modulated signal on personal computer (PC). The signal is transferred to PC using analog to digital converter on PC sound card.
'Pseudo-dominant' inheritance in Friedreich's ataxia. (1981)

A family is described in which Friedreich's ataxia occurred in two generations. It is proposed that this resulted from a homozygote-heterozygote mating. The heterozygote frequency for the Friedreich's ataxia gene is in the order of 1 in 110, so the likelihood of the disease developing in an individual child of a patient is 1 in 220. This risk is probably higher than that often assumed when counselling patients with this disorder.
On the robustness of clone detection to code obfuscation (2013)

Code clones are a common reuse mechanism in software development. While there is an ongoing discussion about harmfulness and advantages of code cloning, this discussion is mainly centered around aspects of software quality. However, recent research has shown, that code cloning may have legal implications as well such as license violations. From this point of view, a developer may favor to hide his cloning activities. To this end, he could obfuscate the cloned code to deceive clone detectors. However, it is unknown how robust certain clone detection techniques are against code obfuscations. In this paper, we present a framework for semi-automated code obfuscations. Additionally, we present a case study to evaluate the robustness of selected clone detectors against such obfuscations.