gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Speed Data across Sliding Electrical Contacts (2012)

The transmission of high speed data has become increasingly important in systems that utilize slip rings for the transmission of data from rotating to stationary platforms. Traditional evaluation metrics for the suitability of sliding contacts to carry signals or data have evolved from the D.C. and analog world and do not accurately predict performance with high speed data. Contact "noise", or variation in contact resistance, is universally used to evaluate contact quality, but this standard method requires extensive re-definition and augmentation to accurately predict the efficacy of a high data speed sliding contact system. This paper presents both experimental and analytical data to show the critical characteristics of a sliding contact system that can transmit digital data up to 3 gigabits per second (Gbps). Digital data signal characteristics are reviewed and compared with the features of sliding electrical contacts to identify the potential areas of concern. Data is presented to show performance of a sliding contact system designed expressly for the transmission of high speed data. The influences of micro and macro contact environments are examined and key tribological factors are reviewed.
Controlling Affinity Binding with Peptide‐Functionalized Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogels (2009)

Poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) hydrogels functionalized with peptide moieties have been widely used in regenerative medicine applications. While many studies have suggested the importance of affinity binding within PEG hydrogels, the relationships between the structures of the peptide motifs and their binding to protein therapeutics remain largely unexplored, especially in the recently developed thiol-acrylate photopolymerization systems. Herein, we employ Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) and thiol-acrylate photopolymerizations to investigate how the architectures of affinity peptides in crosslinked hydrogels affect their binding to diffusible proteins. The binding between diffusible streptavidin and biotinylated peptide immobilized to PEG hydrogel network was used as a model system to reveal the interplay between affinity binding and peptide sequences/architectures. In addition, we design peptides with different structures to enhance affinity binding within PEG hydrogels and to provide tunable affinity-based controlled delivery of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). This study demonstrates the importance of affinity binding in controlling the availability of hydrogel-encapsulated proteins and provides strategies for enhancing affinity binding of protein therapeutics to bound peptide moieties in thiol-acrylate photopolymerized PEG hydrogels. The results presented herein should find useful on the design and fabrication of hydrogels to retain and sustained release of growth factors for promoting tissue regeneration.
A Universal Grid-Connected Fuel-Cell Inverter for Residential Application (2010)

This paper describes a universal fuel-cell-based grid-connected inverter design with digital-signal-processor-based digital control. The inverter has a direct power conversion mechanism with a high-frequency zero-voltage-switched dc/ac primary-side converter followed by a pair of ac/ac cycloconverters that operates either in parallel or in series to simultaneously address the issues of universal output and high efficiency. The critical design issues focus on the impact and optimization of transformer leakage inductance with regard to effectiveness of zero voltage switching of a primary-side converter, duty-cycle loss, resonance, and voltage spike that has effect on the breakdown voltage rating of the cycloconverter devices. An additional concept of dynamic transformer tapping has been explored to address the impact of varying input voltage on secondary-side voltage spike and inverter efficiency. Finally, detailed grid-parallel and grid-connected results are presented that demonstrate satisfactory inverter performances.
Synthesis and insecticidal activity of benzoheterocyclic analogues of <i>N</i>′‐benzoyl‐<i>N</i>‐(<i>tert</i>‐butyl)benzohydrazide: Part 2. Introduction of substituents on the benzene rings of the benzoheterocycle moiety (2002)

A series of N'-benzoheterocyclecarbonyl-N-tert-butyl-3,5-dimethylbenzohydrazide analogues possessing a variety of substituents on the benzene rings of the benzoheterocyle moieties were synthesized and tested for their insecticidal activity. The introduction of a methyl group at the R1 position of the benzoheterocycle moiety strongly increased the insecticidal activity. Among the analogues synthesized, N'-tert-butyl-N'-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)-5-methyl-6-chromanecarbohydrazide showed the highest insecticidal activity (LC50 = 0.89 mg litre(-1)).
Functional and structural characterization of four mouse monoclonal antibodies to complement C3 with potential therapeutic and diagnostic applications (2017)

C3 is the central component of the complement system. Upon activation, C3 sequentially generates various proteolytic fragments, C3a, C3b, iC3b, C3dg, each of them exposing novel surfaces, which are sites of interaction with other proteins. C3 and its fragments are therapeutic targets and markers of complement activation. We report the structural and functional characterization of four monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) generated by immunizing C3-deficient mice with a mixture of human C3b, iC3b and C3dg fragments, and discuss their potential applications. This collection includes three mAbs interacting with native C3 and inhibiting AP complement activation; two of them by blocking the cleavage of C3 by the AP C3-converase and one by impeding formation of the AP C3-convertase. The interaction sites of these mAbs in the target molecules were determined by resolving the structures of Fab fragments bound to C3b and/or iC3b using electron microscopy. A fourth mAb specifically recognizes the iC3b, C3dg, and C3d fragments. It binds to an evolutionary-conserved neoepitope generated after C3b cleavage by FI, detecting iC3b/C3dg deposition over opsonized surfaces by flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in human and other species. Because well-characterized anti-complement mAbs are uncommon, the mAbs reported here may offer interesting therapeutic and diagnostic opportunities.
<b>Cytidine 5″-Sulfate and Related Nucleotide Analogs</b> (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCytidine 5″-Sulfate and Related Nucleotide AnalogsJ. Arnold and T. D. PriceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1962, 84, 8, 1406–1411Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00867a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00867a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views108Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Signal transduction by fibroblast growth factor receptors (1999)

The fibroblast growth factor family, with its prototype members acidic FGF (FGF-1) and basic FGF (FGF-2), binds to four related receptor tyrosine kinases, expressed on most types of cells in tissue culture. In many respects, the FGF receptors appear similar to other growth factor receptors. Thus, dimerization of receptor monomers upon ligand binding is likely to be a requisite for activation of the kinase domains, leading to receptor trans phosphorylation. FGF receptor-1 (FGFR-1), which shows the broadest expression pattern of the four FGF receptors contains at least seven tyrosine phosphorylation sites. A number of signal transduction molecules are affected by binding with different affinities to these phosphorylation sites. The potential roles of these signal transduction molecules in FGF-induced biological responses and in pathological processes are discussed.
The v<sub>3</sub>band of<sup>14</sup>C<sup>16</sup>O<sub>2</sub>molecule measured by optical-frequency-comb-assisted cavity ring-down spectroscopy (2011)

Abstract\n The infrared spectrum of the rare isotopologue <sup>14</sup>C<sup>16</sup>O<sub>2</sub> has been investigated in the range 2190-2250 cm<sup>-1</sup> with a frequency comb-referenced cavity ring-down spectrometer. Thirty-three ro-vibrational transitions of the <i>?<sub>3</sub></i> fundamental band have been detected. Their absolute frequency was measured with an relative uncertainty ranging from 7.1?10<sup>-8</sup> to 1.1?10<sup>-8</sup>. The experimental frequencies were fitted to the conventional Hamiltonian of a linear molecule and a new set of spectroscopic parameters for the fundamental vibrational state has been improved for this species.
Molecular Characterization of Anaerobic Microbial Communities from Benzene‐Degrading Sediments under Methanogenic Conditions (2005)

Abstract Anaerobic benzene degradation was confirmed in microbial communities enriched from Baltimore Harbor (Baltimore, MD) sediments under methanogenic conditions. Molecular characterization based on 16S rDNA gene sequences revealed that the strains in the communities were diversely affiliated with such phylogenetic branches as the Bacteroidetes , Euryarchaeota , Firmicutes , and Thermotogae phyla. Of interest was that the majority of the microbial populations detected in these cultures were closely related to the members of dechlorinating microbial communities. Further, some of those species were previously found in naphthalene‐ or phenanthrene‐degrading methanogenic communities. Finally, this result could be used to design targeted isolation strategies for anaerobic benzene‐degrading strains under methanogenic conditions.
Powerful tools available for accurate gas metering (1992)

Electronic gas measurement is not inherently or automatically more accurate than mechanical gas measurement. In fact, electronic measurement generally requires more transduction and signal conversion, so there are more opportunities for error. This paper reports on every aspect of gas measurement transduction, data storage and computation precision which contributes to overall accuracy and must be carefully designed to obtain outstanding accuracy. There are powerful tools available in digital computation precision and in data storage that can enhance measurement and significantly improve computational accuracy. There are some outstanding electronic measurement instruments available today, but it is up to the user to make them part of an accurate gas measurement system.
Mutation analysis, heterologous expression, and characterization of human glucocerebrosidase (2001)

Gaucher disease, the most common lysosomal storage disorder, results from a deficiency in the enzyme glucocerebrosidase. Inherited as an autosomal recessive disorder, Gaucher disease is clinically heterogeneous with both non-neuronopathic (Type 1) and neuronopathic (Types 2 and 3) subtypes. Although over 100 mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA) gene have been identified, there still exists a poor correlation between individual genotypes and observed phenotypes, particularly for the neuronopathic subtypes. Using DNA isolated from archival tissue samples and standard molecular biology techniques, two novel and two rare mutations were identified in three individuals with neuronopathic Gaucher disease. One mutation identified only in aboriginals of Cree descent was further characterized by heterologous expression in baculovirus-infected Sf9 cells and displayed moderate levels of residual enzyme activity, despite the corresponding disease severity observed. Heterologous expression studies were extended to examine systems for high-level glucocerebrosidase expression for biochemical analysis and biotherapeutics. While the methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris was found to express minimal amounts of human glucocerebrosidase even when selected for high gene copy number, stable transfected Sf9 cells were found to produce functional glucocerebrosidase at a level of 1.0–1.3mg/L of cell culture. A subsequent analysis of synonymous codon usage bias in Pichia pastoris identified a significant difference in codon choice between the expression host and the GBA gene. Codon optimization studies using a 5′ fragment of the GBA gene fused to a luciferase reporter gene found that alterations in both G+C content and codon bias increased expression levels 7.5 to 10 fold. This suggests that codon optimization of the entire GBA gene could significantly improve production levels of this important enzyme in Pichia pastoris and other expression hosts.
<i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i>: mechanism of action, resistance, and new applications: a review (2014)

Since the first report by Ishiwata in 1902 of a Bombyx mori infection, followed by the description by Berliner, Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has become the main microorganism used in biological control. The application of Bt to combat invertebrates of human interest gained momentum with the growing demand for food free of chemical pesticides and with the implementation of agriculture methods that were less damaging to the environment. However, the mechanisms of action of these products have not been fully elucidated. There are two proposed models: the first is that Bt causes an osmotic imbalance in response to the formation of pores in a cell membrane, and the second is that it causes an opening of ion channels that activate the process of cell death. There are various ways in which Bt resistance can develop: changes in the receptors that do not recognize the Cry toxin, the synthesis of membrane transporters that eliminate the peptides from the cytosol and the development of regulatory mechanisms that disrupt the production of toxin receptors. Besides the potential for formulation of biopesticides and the use in developing genetically modified cultivars, recent studies with Bt have discussed promising applications in other branches of science. Chitinase, an enzyme that degrades chitin, increases the efficiency of Bt insecticides, and there has been of increasing interest in the industry, given that its substrate is extremely abundant in nature. Another promising field is the potential for Bt proteins to act against cancer cells. Parasporins, toxins of Bt that do not have an entomopathogenic effect, have a cytotoxic effect on the cells changed by some cancers. This demonstrates the potential of the microorganism and new opportunities opening for future applications.
Survival and metabolic activity of the GanedenBC<sup>30</sup> strain of <i>Bacillus coagulans</i> in a dynamic <i>in vitro</i> model of the stomach and small intestine (2009)

We have investigated the survival and activity of GanedenBC(30) during passage through the upper gastro-intestinal tract. GanedenBC(30) was tested in a dynamic, validated, in vitro model of the stomach and small intestine (TIM-1) on survival and its potential to aid in digestion of milk protein, lactose and fructose. The survival of GanedenBC(30) was high (70%), although germination of the spores was minimal (<10%) under the conditions tested. Survival of the strain in the presence of lactose and fructose was markedly lower (56-59%) than in the absence of the sugars. The amount of digested milk protein available for absorption was somewhat higher (+0.2 g) when GanedenBC(30) was added to the milk. When GanedenBC(30) was tested with lactose or fructose added to the meal, the cumulative amount of lactate produced was slightly higher (+0.12-0.18 mmol) compared to the GanedenBC(30) alone. In conclusion, although the differences in survival of GanedenBC(30) are small, these results show the potential of GanedenBC(30) to aid in protein digestion and in the digestion of lactose and fructose. If a larger fraction of the Bacillus coagulans cells had germinated, the influence on protein and carbohydrate digestion would probably have been much greater. Importance of the findings: the potential of GanedenBC(30) to aid in the digestion of lactose and fructose could be used to prevent occurrence of intestinal symptoms in individuals sensitive to these carbohydrates.
5-Benzylidene-1,2-dihydrochromeno[3,4-<i>f</i>]quinolines as Selective Progesterone Receptor Modulators (2003)

A series of 5-benylidene-1,2-dihydrochromeno[3,4-f]quinolines (4) were synthesized and tested in bioassays to evaluate their progestational activities, receptor- and tissue-selectivity profiles as selective progesterone receptor modulators (SPRMs). Most of the new analogues exhibited as highly potent progestins with more than 100-fold receptor selectivity over other steroid hormone receptors and LG120920 (7b) demonstrated tissue selectivity toward uterus and vagina versus breasts in a rodent model after oral administration.
Water Addition to Gasoline-Effect on Combustion, Emissions, Performance, and Knock (1982)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A single cylinder engine was used in studies to determine basic combustion, emission and performance characteristics of water-gasoline mixtures, with water introduced to the intake manifold as a liquid or a vapor. Measurements on ignition delays, combustion intervals, power, exhaust temperature, knock and exhaust emissions were made over a range of operating conditions. Test conditions which included several values of speed, engine air flow, spark timing, mixture ratio and water addition rate were chosen to isolate effects of individual parameters and as such are not typical of conditions used with practical engine systems. The results of this basic study were used to determine the effects of water and its state of matter on the measured parameters.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">With respect to gasoline, water-gasoline mixtures have slower burn rates, with both ignition delay periods and combustion intervals being longer. Minimum advance for best torque (MBT) spark timings are advanced relative to gasoline values. Knock limited spark advance is extended with water addition. Power at constant equivalence ratio and engine airflow is decreased while fuel and energy consumption are increased. Water has virtually no effect on CO concentration in exhaust gases and has a slight effect on HC concentrations. A small decrease in HC concentration is observed at water levels below the saturation limit of air but an increase occurs at higher levels. The concentration of NO is decreased with added water. Lean limits of operation are compromised.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Due to the high latent heat of vaporization of water, the magnitude of effects on combustion and emissions is much larger with water as a liquid than as a vapor.</div>
Handy AR: Markerless Inspection of Augmented Reality Objects Using Fingertip Tracking (2007)

We present markerless camera tracking and user interface methodology for readily inspecting augmented reality (AR) objects in wearable computing applications. Instead of a marker, we use the human hand as a distinctive pattern that almost all wearable computer users have readily available. We present a robust real-time algorithm that recognizes fingertips to reconstruct the six-degree-of-freedom camera pose relative to the user's outstretched hand. A hand pose model is constructed in a one-time calibration step by measuring the fingertip positions in presence of ground-truth scale information. Through frame-by-frame reconstruction of the camera pose relative to the hand, we can stabilize 3D graphics annotations on top of the hand, allowing the user to inspect such virtual objects conveniently from different viewing angles in AR. We evaluate our approach with regard to speed and accuracy, and compare it to state-of-the-art marker-based AR systems. We demonstrate the robustness and usefulness of our approach in an example AR application for selecting and inspecting world-stabilized virtual objects.
Privacy-Preserving and Efficient Aggregation Based on Blockchain for Power Grid Communications in Smart Communities (2018)

Intelligence is one of the most important aspects in the development of our future communities. Ranging from smart home to smart building to smart city, all these smart infrastructures must be supported by intelligent power supply. Smart grid is proposed to solve all challenges of future electricity supply. In smart grid, in order to realize optimal scheduling, an SM is installed at each home to collect the near-real-time electricity consumption data, which can be used by the utilities to offer better smart home services. However, the near-real-time data may disclose a user's private information. An adversary may track the application usage patterns by analyzing the user's electricity consumption profile. In this article, we propose a privacy-preserving and efficient data aggregation scheme. We divide users into different groups, and each group has a private blockchain to record its members' data. To preserve the inner privacy within a group, we use pseudonyms to hide users' identities, and each user may create multiple pseudonyms and associate his/ her data with different pseudonyms. In addition, the bloom filter is adopted for fast authentication. The analysis shows that the proposed scheme can meet the security requirements and achieve better performance than other popular methods.
Synthesis, Evaluation and Docking Study of 1, 3, 5-Triazine Derivatives as Cytotoxic Agents against Lung Cancer (2016)

Knowing that dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) is the primary target enzyme for antifolate drugs and 1,3,5triazine derivatives containing various amino groups at position 2, 4 or 6 have been known as potent anticancer drugs, two series of tri-amino-substituted 1,3,5-triazine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated as cytotoxic agents against non-small cell lung cancer (A549). The first series are N 2 -(4-phenylthiazol-2-yl)-1,3,5triazine-2,4,6-triamine analogs and the second series are4-((4,6-Diamino-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)-4H-1,2,4triazole-3-thiol analogs. Out of twenty two synthesized compounds there were thirteen compounds showed a higher cytotoxic activity against A549 cell line than methotrexate and four compounds were equipotent to methotrexate. Compounds 8e, 9a, 10e and 11e showed the highest cytotoxic activity with IC50 values of 50,42, 62 and 28 nM respectively. Molecular docking study was performed to interpret the comparative differences in the binding interactions of the synthesized novel compounds at molecular level as inhibitors of human dihydrofolate reductase (hDHFR)and to understand the structure activity relationships. The excellent anticancer activity of synthesized analogs presented in this study needs further investigation as highly promising cytotoxic lead agents against lung cancer.