gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Literature survey results: Topical report (1988)

This report reviews mild gasification processes with respect to processing conditions and configurations. Special emphasis was placed on processes which could be commercialized within five years. Detailed market information was provided by J.E. Sinor concerning markets and economic considerations of the various processing steps. Processing areas studied include coal cleaning; mild gasification; and upgrading of the char, condensables, and hydrocarbon gases. Pros and cons in the different processing areas as well as ''gaps'' in pertinent data were identified and integrated into a detailed process development program. The report begins with a summary of the market assessment and an evaluation of the co-product. The impacts of feed materials and operating parameters--including coal rank, heating rate, pressure, agglomeration, temperature, and feed gas composition--on the co- products and processes were evaluated through a literature survey. Recommendations were made as to the preferred product specifications and operating parameters for a commercial plant. A literature review of mild gasification processes was conducted and evaluated with regard to product specification and operating parameters. Two candidate processes were chosen and discussed in detail with respect to scale-up feasibility. Recommendations were then made to process development needs to further consideration of the two processes. 129 refs., 33 figs., 16 tabs.
An Intelligent Wheelchair Anti-Lock Braking System Design With Friction Coefficient Estimation (2018)

In the future, the population’s aging problem will become increasingly serious. For medical care, action-assisted vehicles are one of the solutions. A wheelchair is a common mobility assistance equipment, and the safety of the user is an important issue. For the ordinary wheelchairs, most of them use a fixed hand brake or disk brake to allow the users to stop the wheelchair. However, improper use of brakes tends to cause slippage, and there is no concept of the anti-lock braking system (ABS) for the wheelchair. Therefore, this paper applies this idea to intelligent wheelchairs with the aim of enhancing the safety of users in wheelchairs. The ABS architecture includes the core algorithms of the adaptive fuzzy-neural inference system and the friction coefficient estimation system. The friction coefficient estimation system uses a particle filter to quickly adapt to a non-linear state and unknown environment. The system provides more accurate braking control for the ABS according to the range of the friction coefficient based on the pavement type. In ABS, it uses the gyroscope to detect the acceleration and wheelchair angle information and then calculates the parameters of the wheelchair. The user clicks the stop command on the wheelchair to activate the brake system to achieve a simple and efficient mode of operation. It can efficiently reduce the braking time and braking distance and enhance the riding safety of wheelchairs.
Prediction of Barite Sag Potential of Drilling Fluids from Rheological Measurements (1995)

Abstract Barite sag under static and dynamic conditions has been studied in the laboratory. Static sag has been related to viscoelastic properties of several fluids. These viscoelastic properties are related to gel formation which needs to be sufficient to keep barite in suspension. This static sag was not predictable by the use of standard VG viscometers. Dynamic sag can be severe even when static sag is negligible. The understanding of dynamic sag is much more difficult than sag under static conditions.
Pyrimidines. IX. Synthesis of 8-azapurines and v-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridines (1970)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPyrimidines. IX. Synthesis of 8-azapurines and v-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinesH. Ulrich Blank, Iris Wempen, and Jack J. FoxCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1970, 35, 4, 1131–1138Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1970Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1970https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00829a060https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00829a060research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views259Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Grating filters for thin-film optical waveguides (1974)

The fabrication and evaluation of corrugation grating filters with reflectivities better than 75% and bandwidths less that 2 Å is reported. Grating filters were fabricated on glass waveguides using standard interferometric and ion-beam machining techniques and evaluated with a tunable dye laser. Measured and calculated filter responses are found to be in excellent agreement. Tolerances for realizing ideal filter performances are given.
MicroLEAP: Energy-aware Wireless Sensor Platform for Biomedical Sensing Applications (2007)

Extended system lifetime is a critical requirement for wearable sensor platforms. However, these platforms must also accommodate local data processing, data storage, and broadband wireless communications. Since compact battery storage capacity is constrained, there exists a fundamental tradeoff between energy optimization and performance. Furthermore, biomedical transducers may also demand high peak power dissipation during active operations. Energy management, therefore, must be introduced through new hardware architecture and enabled through software in the overall system design. To effectively optimize energy dissipation for biomedical sensing applications, a new wearable sensor platform, MicroLEAP, has been developed. The MicroLEAP platform supports per-task real-time energy profiling to permit adaptive applications that select platform components to best match dynamically-varying measurement requirements. MicroLEAP design, implementation, and example of energy-aware operation are demonstrated.
Towards automating the configuration of a distributed storage system (2010)

Versatile storage systems aim to maximize storage resource utilization by supporting the ability to `morph' the storage system to best match the application's demands. To this end, versatile storage systems significantly extend the deployment- or run-time configurability of the storage system. This flexibility, however, introduces a new problem: a much larger, and potentially dynamic, configuration space makes manually configuring the storage system an undesirable if not unfeasible task. This paper presents our initial progress towards answering the question: “How can we configure a distributed storage system (i.e., enable/disable its various optimizations and configure their parameters) with minimal human intervention?” We discuss why manually configuring the storage system is undesirable; present the success criteria for an automated configuration solution; propose a generic architecture that supports automated configuration; and, finally, instantiate this architecture into a first prototype, which controls the configuration of similarity detection optimizations in the MosaStore distributed storage system. Our evaluation results demonstrate that the prototype can provide performance close to the optimal configuration at the cost of minimal overhead.
Cleaved oblique fiber end faces for high-performance mechanical splices (1991)

Optical reflections from index discontinuities in the optical path can adversely affect the performance of various lightwave communications systems1 and may cause detrimental changes in the characteristics of active components, such as optical amplifiers2 To minimize the detrimental effects of optical reflections, low-reflectance connectors and splices may be required.
Combined simulation of hybrid processes (2002)

A discrete/continuous modelling dedicated to batch and semi-continuous processes is proposed. The kernel is founded on an interpreted Petri net which provides the information to build, operate and monitor the flexible continuous model of a plant, The proposed approach gives a proper allocation of functions to each part of the simulation system, and so the Petri net could evolve to take into account specific behaviour such as a cleaning in place policy or on equipment failure. The structure of the interface between the discrete model and the continuous one has been shown to be appropriate for deterministic fluxes of information. The case of constraints involving both discrete and continuous specifications imposed on the model must be treated as a specific case, Applications of this approach to the study of schedule feasibility on a plant are under development. Modelling capacities have been implemented to correctly solve the problem.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structural relationship between the S1 and S4 subunits of pertussis toxin (1994)

Pertussis toxin, the most important protective antigen of Bordetella pertussis, is a 106-kDa hexameric protein composed of an A-promoter (subunit S1) and a pentameric B-oligomer (S2 + S3 + 2S4 + S5). The most potent mouse-protective monoclonal antibodies against both respiratory and intracerebral infections were specified for either S1 or S4 and competed with each other in binding to epitopes of native pertussis toxin captuted by haptoglobin or in solution, although they did not compete on unfolded pertussin toxin. These data suggest that the protective epitope(s) of S1 and S4 are very closely correlated; they are probably close] together sterically. Non-protective anti-S1 and anti-S4 monoclonal antibodies recognized inner antigenic determinants which are not exposed on the surface o native pertussis toxin and interfered with association of the A-protomer and the B-oligomer. These data suggest that the A-protomer and the S4 subunit of the B-oligomer may be closely associated in the native hexameric pertussis toxin molecule.
Structure and Activity of the Prosthetic Group of Methanol Dehydrogenase (1980)

The reconstructive ability of the isolated prosthetic group of methanol dehydrogenase with the apoenzyme of glucose dehydrogenase and the results of electron spin resonance measurements suggest that the prosthetic group has not been modified during the isolation. This result, and the properties of the directly isolated prosthetic group and derivatives, confirm the suggestion that its structure is 2,7,9-tricarboxy-1H-pyrrolo[2,3-f]quinoline-4,5-dione. From the activity shown by derivatives of the prosthetic group and of structural analogues in the apoenzyme test it is concluded that the o-quinone structure is essential for activity. Hence the trivial name pyrrolo-quinoline quinone would be appropriate. The testing of the analogues also shows that the pyrrolo ring and the 9-carboxylic acid group are not essential for activity as they can be replaced by a pyridinol ring and a 9-hydroxy group respectively. The determination of the molar absorption coefficient of the prosthetic group (18 400 M-1 cm-1 at 249 nm) enables its quantitative anaysis. Thus it could be established that methanol dehydrogenase contains one prosthetic group per enzyme molecule. The consequences of this result in relation to already known properties of this 'quinoprotein' dehydrogenase are discussed.
A Device-Orientation Independent Method for Activity Recognition (2010)

This paper describes an orientation-independent method for detecting activities of daily living based on reference coordinate transformation. With the proposed method, a classification model can be trained using data acquired during a specific sensor orientation and applied to other input signals regardless of the orientation of the device. The technique is validated using activity recognition experiments with four different orientations of a single tri-axial accelerometer placed on the waist of 13 subjects performing a sub-class of activities of daily living. A high subject-independent accuracy of 90.42% has been achieved, reflecting a significant improvement of 11.74% and 16.58%, compared with classification without input transformation and classification with orientation-specific models, respectively.
515. Synthesis and configuration of (+)-6-methyloctanoic acid, a degradation product of the polymyxins (1950)

L. Crombie and S. H. Harper, J. Chem. Soc., 1950, 2685 DOI: 10.1039/JR9500002685
Disruption of Endothelial-Cell Caveolin-1α/Raft Scaffolding During Development of Monocrotaline-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension (2004)

MCT-induced disruption of cav-1alpha chaperone and scaffolding function in PAECs likely accounts for diverse alterations in endothelial cell signaling in this model of PH.
The Food Industry in the United States (2007)

The food processing industry in the United States often appears to be taken for granted—a feature of the economic landscape so unremarkable as to be nearly invisible. Most food processing technologies in place today are the result of modern scientific discoveries and decades, if not centuries, of technological refinement. Food processing has been traditionally closely linked to agriculture or domestic household activities. Designing strategies to meet consumer needs does not occur in a vacuum. Product development and manufacturing are of necessity, dependent on the availability of inputs and the means by which both the cost and quality of food processing inputs can be managed. Commercial food processing is the branch of manufacturing that starts with raw animal, vegetable, or marine materials and transforms them into intermediate foodstuffs or edible products through the application of labor, machinery, energy, and scientific knowledge.
Synthesis and photo‐curing behaviors of silicon‐containing (vinyl ether)–(allyl ether) hybrid monomers (2013)

Abstract A series of silicon‐containing (vinyl ether)–(allyl ether) hybrid monomers used in nano‐imprint lithography resists were synthesized and subjected to photo‐initiated polymerization. The surface energies of the monomers and the resulting polymer films were then investigated. The surface energies of the monomers were very low at less than 15 mJ m –2 . The photo‐curing behaviors of the five hybrid monomers were investigated using real‐time Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The monomers were sequentially initiated with cationic ( PAG201 ) and mixed (cationic initiator PAG201 , radical initiator ITX or TPO ) initiators. The vinyl ether double bond polymerized both rapidly and completely, whereas the allyl ether double bond remained when PAG201 was used as the photo‐initiator and polymerized completely with mixed initiators. The different double bonds of the silicon‐containing (vinyl ether)–(allyl ether) hybrid monomer increased the efficiency of the polymerization and overcame the intrinsic limitations of the free radical and cationic polymerization processes, including strong oxygen inhibition, large volume shrinkage and high humidity sensitivity. The five monomers with low viscosity, low surface energy, good thermal stability and good photo‐polymerization properties were suitable for nano‐imprint photoresists. © 2013 Society of Chemical Industry
大众传播研究范式之内容分析:社会科学、诠释研究与批判分析 (2012)

本文评估大众传播学者们对社会科学范式、诠释范式和批判范式的遵从度。我们从以下十个变量对上述三个范式进行考察:本体论、认识论、研究问题之本质、理论、假说、抽样、数据收集、论证和概括。245份期刊的内容分析,显示研究者高度遵从的变量是本体论、认识论、数据收集和数据分析,而对剩余几个变量的遵从度稍弱。这些数据表明学者们受到这三个范式的强烈影响,偶尔偏离也表明了三个范式一些特征的融合。
Reactivity of a dual amplified chlamydia immunoassay with different serovars of Chlamydia trachomatis (1999)

A study was undertaken with different serovars (D, E, F, L2, MoPn) of Chlamydia trachomatis to determine the analytical sensitivity of a new dual amplified immunoassay (IDEIA PCE Chlamydia) for detecting chlamydial lipopolysaccharide. IDEIA PCE Chlamydia incorporates a polymer conjugate consisting of multiple copies of antibody and enzyme molecules to provide signal amplification. The test was also assessed with different protein A producing strains of Staphylococcus aureus in order to assess whether the use of a multiple antibody conjugate increased nonspecific binding. The detection limits varied for each serovar with a detection limit of 38 IFU/ml obtained with serovar F and 237 IFU/ml obtained with serovar D. The incorporation of the polymer conjugate resulted in a 2-5 fold increase in analytical sensitivity compared to an earlier version of the test using a conventional conjugate. No increase in cross reactivity with protein A producing strains of S. aureus was obtained. The new dual amplified test format offers potential as a sensitive low-cost screening assay for C. trachomatis infections.
DimBoost (2018)

Gradient boosting decision tree (GBDT) is one of the most popular machine learning models widely used in both academia and industry. Although GBDT has been widely supported by existing systems such as XGBoost, LightGBM, and MLlib, one system bottleneck appears when the dimensionality of the data becomes high. As a result, when we tried to support our industrial partner on datasets of the dimension up to 330K, we observed suboptimal performance for all these aforementioned systems. In this paper, we ask "Can we build a scalable GBDT training system whose performance scales better with respect to dimensionality of the data?"
Broad-Band 180° Phase Shift Section in X Band (short Papers) (1975)

The use of an interdigitated coupler and a pair of switching circuits composed of appropriate diodes and two-stub matching circuits is experimentally shown to produce a broad-band reflection-type 180/spl deg/ phase shift section operating at 8.50-10.50 GHz with /spl plusmn/ 2/spl deg/ error when fabricated using microwave integrated circuit techniques.
The Extent of Liver Steatosis in Chronic Hepatitis C Virus Infection Is Mirrored by Caspase Activity in Serum * (2005)

Hepatic steatosis is a frequent histological alteration in chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection that sensitizes the liver to cell injury, inflammation, and fibrosis via unclear mechanisms. Although apoptosis has been implicated in various liver diseases, its importance in HCV-associated steatosis is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the role of caspases, the key regulators of apoptosis, and employed two novel caspase assays, an immunological and a luminometric enzyme test, to detect hepatic caspase activation in sera from HCV patients with different grades of steatosis. Our data show that increased caspase activation can be found not only in liver biopsies, but also in sera from HCV patients with liver steatosis. Patients with steatosis exhibited significantly higher serum levels of caspase activity compared with normal healthy individuals. Moreover, the extent of steatosis closely correlated with serum caspase activity, whereas in particular in cases of low or moderate steatosis, no correlation was found with aminotransferase levels. In conclusion, apoptotic caspase activation is considerably elevated in HCV-associated steatosis. More importantly, our data imply that measurement of caspase activation might be a sensitive serum biomarker to detect liver steatosis in patients with chronic HCV infection and other liver diseases.
Paleontología del Paleozoico Inferior de la Argentina. Las faunas del Cámbrico medio de San Juan (1943)

Con el presente trabajo iniciamos una serie de estudios que tienen por objeto la revisión de las faunas del Paleozoico Inferior de la Argentina.Este primer artículo trata en particular de las fáunulas del Cámbrico medio de las Quebradas de La Laja y de Juan Pobre en la Sierra Chica de Zonda, provincia de San Juan.Los fósiles provenientes de estas localidades fueron descubiertos y coleccionados por Stelzner y descriptos por Kayser en 1876. Parte de este material, inclusive algunos de los tipos de Kayser, se encuentran depositados en las colecciones de la Dirección de Minas y Geología de BuenosAires. Al revisar estos fósiles, como así también al estudiar nuevos restos coleccionados en los últimos años en la última de estas localidades, llegamos a la inesperada conclusión de que las pocas formas provenientes de las llamadas «calizas ordovícicas» de estas dos quebradas no pertenecían al Ordovícico, según se aceptaba desde que Kayser así lo sostuviera en 1876,sino que correspondían en realidad al Cámbrico medio.En la primera parte de este trabajo se describen nuevamente los fósilesprovenientes de las calizas de las Quebradas de La Laja y de Juan Pobre,Sierra Chica de Zonda, San Juan, en base a parte del material originalmenteestudiado por Kayser en 1876 y a nuevos ejemplares coleccionados en laúltima localidad entre los años 1937 y 1942 por el doctor J. Keidel y uno de nosotros. La segunda parte está dedicada a un resumen de nuestros conocimientos actuales sobre el Cámbrico fosilífero en Sud América. Queremos expresar aquí nuestro agradecimiento al doctor Charles E.Resser del United States National Museum de Washington por su valiosa ayuda al aclaramos algunas dudas en cuanto a la posición genérica y distribución en el tiempo de ciertas especies del Cámbrico norteamericano.
Selective adhesive bonding with SU-8 for zero-level-packaging (2005)

An adhesive bonding technique for wafer-level encapsulation of high aspect ratio microstructures (HARMS) is presented. The adhesive material is spin coated on a cap wafer and structured prior to bonding. Thus sealed cavities of variable height are created in the bonding layer. SU-8 negative photoresist is used as the adhesive material in combination with miscellaneous surface materials: silicon, silicon dioxide and aluminum. The influences of the bonding process parameters - bonding pressure, bonding temperature and process time - as well as the SU-8 layer properties on the bond strength and the homogeneity of the bond have been investigated. To evaluate the process conditions the shear strength of the bond has been measured according to the ASTM standard D 1002 for adhesive bonds. Each bond interface was tested by 32 test specimens of 10 by 10 mm<sup>2</sup> side length. With optimal process conditions shear strength of 19.2, 23.3 and 21.3 MPa have been obtained for silicon, silicon dioxide and aluminium respectively. The application of the selective adhesive bonding technique has been successfully demonstrated by encapsulating different types of single crystal silicon inertial sensors.