gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Food on the Oral Bioavailability of Loratadine and Pseudoephedrine from Extended‐Release Tablets in Healthy Volunteers (1996)

The effect of a high-fat breakfast on the bioavailability of the components of an extended-release tablet containing 10 mg loratadine in the immediate-release coating and 240 mg pseudoephedrine sulfate in the extended-release core was studied in 24 healthy male volunteers in a single-dose, two-way crossover study. The drug was administered after a 10-hour overnight fast or within 5 minutes of consuming a standardized high-fat breakfast. Serial blood samples were collected over a 48-hour period, and plasma was analyzed for loratadine and its active metabolite descarboethoxyloratadine (DCL), and pseudoephedrine. For pseudoephedrine, maximum concentration (Cmax) and area under the concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity (AUCzero-infinity) were similar after both treatments, indicating no relevant food effect on the bioavailability of pseudoephedrine. Also, the absorption profiles of pseudoephedrine (from Wagner-Nelson analysis) were similar for the fed and fasted treatments, indicating no apparent differences in absorption. Plasma concentration-time profiles and values for Cmax and AUCzero-infinity of DCL were similar for the two treatments, indicating no relevant food effect on the pharmacokinetics of DCL. In contrast, for loratadine, administration with food resulted in a significantly increased mean Cmax (53%) and AUC from time zero to the final quantifiable sample (AUCif) (76%). However, the resultant Cmax and AUC of loratadine under fed conditions were well below those previously obtained at steady-state after multiple-dose administration of loratadine (40 mg/day) that were shown to be safe and well-tolerated in several clinical studies. The effect of food on the bioavailability and pharmacokinetic profiles of the components of a combination loratadine/pseudoephedrine extended-release tablet is not likely to be clinically significant.
Performance evaluation of sub-space techniques for array processing in TDMA systems (2002)

In studying the possibility of increasing wireless system capacity, we evaluate the performance of some algorithms that make use of sub-space techniques to estimate the covariance matrix, and compare these results to those obtained through traditional methods, such as the direct matrix inversion-maximum signal-to-noise ratio and maximal ratio combining. Illustrative simulation results demonstrate that the minimum mean square error-signal sub-space and the weighted sub-space algorithms may lead to a better performance than full-rank conventional algorithms. Furthermore, a more elaborate system-level simulation in a TDMA IS-136 context is performed and it shows that such benefits also appear in a more practical scenario.
Density conversion factor determined using a cone-beam computed tomography unit NewTom QR-DVT 9000 (2006)

CBCT provides an effective option for determination of material density expressed as Hounsfield Units.
Sharper focal spot formed by higher-order radially polarized laser beams (2007)

The intensity distributions near the focal point for radially polarized laser beams including higher-order transverse modes are calculated based on vector diffraction theory. For higher-order radially polarized mode beams as well as a fundamental mode (R-TEM01*) beam, the strong longitudinal component forms a sharper spot at the focal point under a high-NA focusing condition. In particular, double-ring-shaped radially polarized mode (R-TEM11*) beams can effectively reduce the focal spot size because of destructive interference between the inner and the outer rings with pi phase shift. Compared with an R-TEM01* beam focusing in a limit of NA=1, the full width at half-maximum values of the focal spot for an R-TEM11* beam are decreased by 13.6% for the longitudinal component and 25.8% for the total intensity.
P Wave Detection in ECG Signal Based on Location Estimation and Recognition Post-Processing (2009)

P wave in electrocardiogram(ECG) is important evidence of arrhythmia and atrial diseases in clinic diagnosis.However, P waves are often difficult to detect directly in automatic ECG analysis because of the nonsalient features,various morphologies and locations.A novel method for P wave detection is presented in this paper based on location estimation and recognition post-processing. First,rough locations of P waves are estimated based on QRS complexes and RR intervals in the ECG signal.And detection areas of the P waves are obtained adaptively.Then,moving window integral is applied to the ECG signal in this area and the P wave candidates are detected through searching the extrema of the integral signal.At last,the boundary points of each P wave candidate are extracted through local distance transformation.And they are used to recognize the real P waves by analyzing amplitude and time width of the P wave candidate.Thus the P wave detection is fulfilled.We validate these algorithms by QT database and MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. Experimental results show that these algorithms can deal with all kinds of visible P waves efficiently and obtain a correct rate more, than 98%.
PROPOSAL FOR A CLASSIFICATION OF OOCYTES AND FOLLICLES IN THE MOUSE OVARY (1968)

The need to develop a common terminology to describe the components of the ovary has been felt for some time (Gatz, 1955; Wischnitzer, 1966). A standard nomenclature would greatly facilitate the comparison of results relating to the development of the ovary and follicle growth under normal as well as experimental conditions. Various classifications have been used to describe stages of oocyte and follicle development. Some authors use the shape of the granulosa cells and the number of layers surrounding the oocyte as the main characteristic (Engle, 1927; Mandl & Zuckerman, 1950; Adams & Hertig, 1964; Hadek, 1965). Others take the largest diameter or the volume of the follicles as the distinguishing criterion (Boling, Blandau, Soderwall & Young, 1941; Paesi, 1949), while still others use a combination of the number of cell layers and follicle diameter to describe the stage
Glucocorticoid decreases circulating osteoprotegerin (OPG): possible mechanism for glucocorticoid induced osteoporosis (2001)

These findings indicate that short-term administration of glucocorticoids significantly suppresses serum OPG and osteocalcin. It might participate in the development of glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis via an enhancement of bone resorption and suppression of bone formation.
Multicenter phase II study of weekly oral vinorelbine for stage IV non-small-cell lung cancer. (1995)

Oral vinorelbine administered once weekly is an active agent in stage IV NSCLC. The median survival time of 29 weeks is similar to that achieved with single-agent intravenous vinorelbine and more aggressive cisplatin-based combinations. Further studies of this compound in the palliative-intent care setting appear to be indicated.
The management of anaphylaxis in childhood: position paper of the European academy of allergology and clinical immunology (2007)

Anaphylaxis is a growing paediatric clinical emergency that is difficult to diagnose because a consensus definition was lacking until recently. Many European countries have no specific guidelines for anaphylaxis. This position paper prepared by the EAACI Taskforce on Anaphylaxis in Children aims to provide practical guidelines for managing anaphylaxis in childhood based on the limited evidence available. Intramuscular adrenaline is the acknowledged first-line therapy for anaphylaxis, in hospital and in the community, and should be given as soon as the condition is recognized. Additional therapies such as volume support, nebulized bronchodilators, antihistamines or corticosteroids are supplementary to adrenaline. There are no absolute contraindications to administering adrenaline in children. Allergy assessment is mandatory in all children with a history of anaphylaxis because it is essential to identify and avoid the allergen to prevent its recurrence. A tailored anaphylaxis management plan is needed, based on an individual risk assessment, which is influenced by the child's previous allergic reactions, other medical conditions and social circumstances. Collaborative partnerships should be established, involving school staff, healthcare professionals and patients' organizations. Absolute indications for prescribing self-injectable adrenaline are prior cardiorespiratory reactions, exercise-induced anaphylaxis, idiopathic anaphylaxis and persistent asthma with food allergy. Relative indications include peanut or tree nut allergy, reactions to small quantities of a given food, food allergy in teenagers and living far away from a medical facility. The creation of national and European databases is expected to generate better-quality data and help develop a stepwise approach for a better management of paediatric anaphylaxis.
Gel Characteristics—Waterbinding Properties of Blood Plasma Gels and Methodological Aspects on the Waterbinding of Gel Systems (1982)

ABSTRACT A methodological study on the waterbinding properties of protein gels was made, where two tests were evaluated. Only one of them, the “net test,” was found useful for work on protein gels. The moisture loss of blood plasma gels was then studied as a function of heating temperature, heating time, pH, protein concentration, and sodium chloride concentration. It was finally demonstrated that a change in the gel structure may affect waterbinding and texture characteristics differently, and these properties should therefore be treated separately when evaluating protein gels. It was, e.g., shown that blood plasma gels became firmer with increasing heating temperature from 72 – 92°C, whereas the waterbinding properties became poorer at temperatures above 77°C and had an optimum at 75 – 77°C.
Diatom-Mimicking Ultrahigh-Flux Mesoporous Silica Thin Membrane with Straight-Through Channels for Selective Protein and Nanoparticle Separations (2019)

A nature-inspired mesoporous ultrafiltration membrane with unprecedented permeability and high selectivity for selective protein and nanoparticle separations is reported herein. We describe a diatom-mimicking hierarchically porous membrane that consists of a single-layer mesoporous silica thin film (MSTF) with perpendicular pores supported on top of a macroporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membrane (MSTF⊥AAO) for ultrafiltration. The MSTF, with a thickness of ca. 30 nm, uniform vertical straight-through mesoporous channels (pore diameter of 5.9 ± 0.4 nm), superhydrophilicity, and continuous nonbreaking to centimeter range (area of 17.3 cm2), is overlaid on the AAO straight-through membrane, which counterintuitively exhibits both ultrahigh water permeability (1027 ± 20 L m–2 h–1 bar–1) and an excellent rejection rate (>99%) for molecules larger than 7 nm. The water permeability result is significantly higher than that of the reported nanosized channeled membranes. A model equation for calculating the theoretical permeability flux of the vertically nanochanneled membrane is established and compared with experimental results.
Thrombus formation in vivo (2005)

To examine thrombus formation in a living mouse, new technologies involving intravital videomicroscopy have been applied to the analysis of vascular windows to directly visualize arterioles and venules. After vessel wall injury in the microcirculation, thrombus development can be imaged in real time. These systems have been used to explore the role of platelets, blood coagulation proteins, endothelium, and the vessel wall during thrombus formation. The study of biochemistry and cell biology in a living animal offers new understanding of physiology and pathology in complex biologic systems.
Xeno‐Free Reprogramming of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Erythroblasts on Laminin‐521 (2020)

Translating human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived cells and tissues into the clinic requires streamlined and reliable production of clinical-grade hiPSCs. This article describes an entirely animal component-free procedure for the reliable derivation of stable hiPSC lines from donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using only autologous patient materials and xeno-free reagents. PBMCs are isolated from a whole blood donation, from which a small amount of patient serum is also generated. The PBMCs are then expanded prior to reprogramming in an animal component-free erythroblast growth medium supplemented with autologous patient serum, thereby eliminating the need for animal serum. After expansion, the erythroblasts are reprogrammed using either cGMP-grade Sendai viral particles (CytoTune™ 2.1 kit) or episomally replicating reprogramming plasmids (Epi5™ kit), both commercially available. Expansion of emerging hiPSCs on a recombinant cGMP-grade human laminin substrate is compatible with a number of xeno-free or chemically defined media (some available as cGMP-grade reagents), such as E8, Nutristem, Stemfit, or mTeSR Plus. hiPSC lines derived using this method display expression of expected surface markers and transcription factors, loss of the reprogramming agent-derived nucleic acids, genetic stability, and the ability to robustly differentiate in vitro to multiple lineages. © 2020 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Basic Protocol 1: Isolating peripheral blood mononuclear cells using CPT tubes Support Protocol 1: Removal of clotting factors to produce serum from autologous plasma collected in Basic Protocol 1 Basic Protocol 2: PBMC expansion in an animal-free erythroblast expansion medium containing autologous serum Basic Protocol 3: Reprogramming of expanded PBMCs with Sendai viral reprogramming particles Alternate Protocol: Reprogramming of expanded PBMCs with episomal plasmids Basic Protocol 4: Picking, expanding, and cryopreserving hiPSC clones Support Protocol 2: Testing Sendai virus kit-reprogrammed hiPSC for absence of Sendai viral RNA Support Protocol 3: Testing Epi5 kit-reprogrammed hiPSC for absence of episomal plasmid DNA Support Protocol 4: Assessing the undifferentiated state of human pluripotent stem cell cultures by multi-color immunofluorescent staining and confocal imaging Support Protocol 5: Coating plates with extracellular matrices to support hiPSC attachment and expansion.
Defined subcomplexes of the A<sub>1</sub> ATPase from the archaeon <i>Methanosarcina mazei</i> Gö1: biochemical properties and redox regulation (2003)

The potential A(1) ATPase genes ahaA, ahaB, ahaC, ahaD, ahaE, ahaF, and ahaG from the anaerobic archaeon Methanosarcina mazei Gö1 were overexpressed in Escherichia coli DK8 (pTL2). An A(1) complex was purified to apparent homogeneity and shown by Western blot and N-terminal sequence analyses to contain subunits A, B, C, D, and F but to be devoid of subunits E and G. Further removal of subunit C was without effect on ATPase activity. The enzyme was most active at pH 5.2 and required bisulfite and acetate for maximal activity. Kinetic studies confirmed three new inhibitors for A(1) ATPases (diethylstilbestrol and its derivatives hexestrol and dienestrol) and identified redox modulation as a new type of regulation of archaeal A(1) ATPases.
[Diagnosis of abdominal tuberculosis in children]. (2010)

The abdominal TB in children which is easily misdiagnosed in it's early stage usually consisted of gastrointestinal symptoms and signs. The TB beyond the abdomen can be a clue for making correct diagnosis. PPD and ventral ultrasonic examination are important for ultimate clinical diagnosis while colonoscopy, and laparotomy can provide pathological evidence.
Distribution and subcellular localization of a hepatic proliferation inhibitor in rat liver. (1984)

The subcellular and intralobular distributions of a protein which specifically inhibits the proliferation of normal liver cells were determined in rat liver, using a combination of immunological and biochemical techniques. The IgG fraction from an antiserum raised against the hepatic proliferation inhibitor was isolated by protein A-Sepharose CL-4B chromatography and shown to be highly specific for the antigen using electroimmunodiffusion and affinity chromatography. To determine the intracellular location of the inhibitor, subcellular fractions were prepared from adult rat livers by differential centrifugation. The cytoplasmic fraction contained the biologically active cytostatic inhibitor, whereas the nuclear and mitochondrial fractions were inactive. Cytoplasmic localization of the hepatic proliferation inhibitor was further confirmed by anion exchange high performance liquid chromatography and by double immunodiffusion with the anti-hepatic proliferation inhibitor IgG. When liver sections were subjected to histochemical staining mediated through the immune IgG and an avidin-biotinylated horseradish peroxidase complex, the parenchymal liver cells were stained, but endothelial and connective tissue cells were not. Although some staining was evident throughout the liver parenchyma, the most intensely stained cells were located in the centrilobular region. Moreover, an age-dependent increase in the staining intensity and/or in the number of cells containing the proliferation inhibitor was observed. Preliminary experiments showed that little, if any, staining occurred in hepatocellular carcinoma cells. This highly specific IgG can be used to monitor alterations in the content and location of hepatic proliferation inhibitor in proliferative disorders of the liver.
Systematic Analysis in <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> Reveals that the Spindle Checkpoint Is Composed of Two Largely Independent Branches (2008)

Kinetochores use the spindle checkpoint to delay anaphase onset until all chromosomes have formed bipolar attachments to spindle microtubules. Here, we use controlled monopolar spindle formation to systematically define the requirements for spindle checkpoint signaling in the Caenorhabditis elegans embryo. The results, when interpreted in light of kinetochore assembly epistasis analysis, indicate that checkpoint activation is coordinately directed by the NDC-80 complex, the Rod/Zwilch/Zw10 complex, and BUB-1-three components independently targeted to the outer kinetochore by the scaffold protein KNL-1. These components orchestrate the integration of a core Mad1(MDF-1)/Mad2(MDF-2)-based signal, with a largely independent Mad3(SAN-1)/BUB-3 pathway. Evidence for independence comes from the fact that subtly elevating Mad2(MDF-2) levels bypasses the requirement for BUB-3 and Mad3(SAN-1) in kinetochore-dependent checkpoint activation. Mad3(SAN-1) does not accumulate at unattached kinetochores and BUB-3 kinetochore localization is independent of Mad2(MDF-2). We discuss the rationale for a bipartite checkpoint mechanism in which a core Mad1(MDF-1)/Mad2(MDF-2) signal generated at kinetochores is integrated with a separate cytoplasmic Mad3(SAN-1)/BUB-3-based pathway.
Visual Simultaneous Localization and Mapping (VSLAM) methods applied to indoor 3D topographical and radiological mapping in real-time (2017)

New developments in the field of robotics and computer vision enable to merge sensors to allow fast real-time localization of radiological measurements in the space/volume with near real-time radioactive sources identification and characterization. These capabilities lead nuclear investigations to a more efficient way for operators' dosimetry evaluation, intervention scenarios and risks mitigation and simulations, such as accidents in unknown potentially contaminated areas or during dismantling operations. In this communication, we will present our current developments of an instrument that combines these methods and parameters for specific applications in the field of nuclear investigations.
A genome-wide survey of segmental duplications that mediate common human genetic variation of chromosomal architecture (2004)

Recent studies have identified a small number of genomic rearrangements that occur frequently in the general population. Bioinformatics tools are now available for systematic genome-wide surveys of higher-order structures predisposing to such common variations in genomic architecture. Segmental duplications (SDs) constitute up to 5 per cent of the genome and play an important role in generating additional rearrangements and in disease aetiology. We conducted a genome-wide database search for a form of SD, palindromic segmental duplications (PSDs), which consist of paired, inverted duplications, and which predispose to inversions, duplications and deletions. The survey was complemented by a search for SDs in tandem orientation (TSDs) that can mediate duplications and deletions but not inversions. We found more than 230 distinct loci with higher-order genomic structure that can mediate genomic variation, of these about 180 contained a PSD. A number of these sites were previously identified as harbouring common inversions or as being associated with specific genomic diseases characterised by duplication, deletions or inversions. Most of the regions, however, were previously unidentified; their characterisation should identify further common rearrangements and may indicate localisations for additional genomic disorders. The widespread distribution of complex chromosomal architecture suggests a potentially high degree of plasticity of the human genome and could uncover another level of genetic variation within human populations.
Functionality of human stem cell-derived neuronal networks - biomimetic environment and characterization (2012)

Solusiirtohoidot nähdään yhtenä keskushermoston vakavien sairauksien ja traumojen tulevaisuuden hoitomuotona. Erityisesti kantasoluista erilaistetut solut voisivat olla sopiva solulähde näihin soluterapioihin. Ihmisalkion kantasoluista erilaistetut solut ovat potentiaalisia soluja näihin hoitoihin ja niitä onkin saatu onnistuneesti erilaistettua keskushermoston eri solutyypeiksi. Ihmisen kantasoluista erilaistetuttuja hermosoluja voidaan käyttää myös erilaisissa laboratorio-olosuhteissa, in vitro, toteutettavissa analyyseissä. Näitä ovat lääkeainemallinnus ja -tutkimus, kemikaalien myrkyllisyysmääritykset, kehitysbiologiset mallit sekä potilaskohtainen diagnostiikka.\n\nIhmisperäisistä kantasoluista erilaistetuista hermosoluista ja niiden toiminnallisuudesta tiedetään kuitenkin vielä vähän. Tässä väitöskirjatyössä tutkittiin näiden sekä kliinisesti että in vitro mallinnuksen kannalta tärkeiden solujen sähköistä aktiivisuutta. Työ osoitti, että erilaistetut hermosolut muodostavat laboratorio-olosuhteissa verkoston, joka kykenee itsenäiseen sähköiseen viestintään kuten aivoissa toimivat hermoverkot. Tässä työssä näitä sähköisesti aktiivisia hermosoluverkostoja altistettiin elohopealle. Elohopea on tunnettu hermostoon vaikuttava myrkky, ja tällä työllä osoitettiin, että ihmisperäiset kantasoluista erilaistetut hermosolut soveltuvat laboratorio-olosuhteissa tehtäviin myrkyllisyysmäärityksiin.\n\nLaboratoriossa viljeltävät solut kasvavat yleensä kaksiulotteisesti maljan pohjalla. Tämä ei kuitenkaan vastaa elimistössä toimivia soluja, jotka ovat järjestäytyneet kolmiulotteisesti ja vuorovaikuttavat keskenään kaikkiin suuntiin. Siksi tässä työssä tutkittiin myös biomateriaalirakenteita, joiden avulla kantasoluista erilaistettuja hermosoluja voidaan kasvattaa kolmiulotteisessa ympäristössä. Työssä testattiin hydrogeelimateriaalia, joka soveltuu hyvin ihmisperäisistä kantasoluista erilaistettujen hermosolujen kolmiulotteiseksi kasvualustaksi. Myös solujen kyky muodostaa sähköisesti aktiivisia verkostoja kolmiulotteisessa rakenteessa varmistettiin.\n\nJohtopäätöksenä tästä työstä voidaan todeta, että ihmisalkion kantasoluista erilaistetut hermosolut kykenevät muodostamaan laboratorio-olosuhteissa sähköisesti aktiivisen verkoston, jota voidaan tulevaisuudessa hyödyntää niin lääkeaineiden kuin myrkkyjen tai aivojen kehityksen tutkimuksessa. Lisäksi näillä soluilla on mahdollisuuksia tulevaisuuden solusiirreterapioissa. Soluista tarvitaan kuitenkin vielä paljon lisää tietoa, ennen kuin niillä voidaan hoitaa potilaita. Lisäksi solujen kasvatus- ja erilaistusmenetelmiä tulee vielä parantaa ennen kuin näitä soluja voidaan käyttää turvallisesti soluterapioihin tai esimerkiksi validoituihin myrkyllisyysmäärityksiin.