gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hyperbranched Polyalkoxysiloxanes via AB<sub>3</sub>‐Type Monomers (2003)

Abstract We have synthesized polyethoxysiloxanes starting from the AB 3 ‐type monomers triethoxysilanol and acetoxytriethoxysilane. The polymers are liquid and soluble in organic solvents. 29 Si NMR spectroscopy and MALDI‐ToF mass spectrometry analyses show that the polymers have a hyperbranched structure with additional internal cyclization. 29 Si NMR spectroscopy indicates that the polymer synthesized from acetoxytriethoxysilane is less branched than the polymer synthesized from triethoxysilanol. Analysis of the molar mass and mass distribution of the polymers via size exclusion chromatography (calibrated via MALDI‐ToF MS and viscosimetry) yields a molar mass of M n ≈ 2 kg · mol −1 and M w ≈ 8 kg · mol −1 for polymers synthesized from triethoxysilanol. The molar mass of the polymers synthesized from acetoxytriethoxysilane can be controlled by variation of the polymerization time in the range of M n ≈ 1.8–12 kg · mol −1 and M w ≈ 2.1–2 200 kg · mol −1 . Photograph of a vial containing polyethoxysiloxane obtained from triethoxysilanol and a schematic drawing of the proposed molecular structure of the polymer. magnified image Photograph of a vial containing polyethoxysiloxane obtained from triethoxysilanol and a schematic drawing of the proposed molecular structure of the polymer.
Farm Consolidation in Iowa (1958)

Since World War II, census data show that the number of Iowa farms and farm operators has dropped 1,600 to 1,700 per year- depending on what is called a "farm." The resulting consolidation of smaller units into larger ones is one of the major adjustment trends taking place in Corn Belt agriculture.
Towards autonomous mine inspection (2014)

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the use of a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) for autonomous inspection and 3D reconstruction of underground mines. The goal is to manually fly an MAV equipped with cameras and a laser range sensor into a vertical shaft to collect data. This data can be used to evaluate the performance of the localization system as well as post processed to reconstruct a 3D model of the shaft. Due to its novelty of flying an MAV in a deep mine, we report gained experience of the effect of the hot, wet and dusty environment on the system as well as the influence of turbulences from vertical winds on the flight performance. Further we evaluated the quality of the recorded data and there applicability for a fully autonomous mine inspection system.
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its effect on angiogenesis. (2001)

The article discusses the role of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) in angiogenesis in embryonic development, particularly the effect of VEGF on capillary formation in response to chronic tissue ischemia and hypoxia. The sources and action of numerous angiogenic and angiostatic factors responsible for morphologic development of endothelial cells and disturbances in VEGF and FGF secretion are also presented. Increased VEGF and VEGF receptor expression enhances vascular permeability and angiogenesis, and is the cause of tissue edema as well as tumor and metastasis formation. VEGF appears to have a beneficial effect only in ischemic diseases of the heart and peripheral vessels. The article highlights the therapeutic implication of VEGF suppression in other areas of ischemia.
Supercritical Carbon Dioxide as a Reaction Medium and Reaction Partner (1993)

The [Ni(cod)2]/Ph2P(CH2)4PPh2-catalyzed reaction of hex-3-yne with CO2 under supercritical conditions affords tetraethylpyrone
Ontology extraction from tables on the Web (2006)

Previous works on information extraction from tables make use of prior knowledge such as a cognition model of tables or lexical knowledge bases for specific domains. However, we often need to interpret table structures in each table differently and to treat lexicons in various domains to more fully utilize the broad range of tables available on the Web. The method proposed in this paper uses relations represented by structures to extract an ontology from a table. Once the interpretations of table structures are given by humans, the table structures are automatically generalized to extract relations from the whole table. We define a formal representation of generalized table structure based on the adjacency of cells and iterative structures. As the result of the comparison with a method proposed in a previous work, it was shown that our method is suited to extraction of various relations which are needed for descriptions in RDF/OWL.
Tools for Students Doing Mobile Fieldwork (2008)

Students are not always sitting at their desk but are also out in the world. In a university course teaching ethnography and design students were out in the field making observations and collecting data. We gave them access to a wiki, which they used to upload field notes and material as a support for collaboration. In this paper we present three tools we built and deployed to aid the students when in field and when collaborating. The first is a mobile tool used to gather data: a program running on the students' mobile phones let them take photos, record video and audio, and write simple text notes, which are automatically uploaded to the wiki. The second is an awareness tool that enables the students to quickly see what the others have done in the wiki. The third is a novel browser for the uploaded data, which relates objects by both time and location. We also talk about the experience from having students using the tools live during the course.
Factorial Design Evaluation of Oil Removal fromFibrous Sorbents by Biosurfactant (2007)

The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of biosurfactant for the removal of oil from used polypropylene nonwoven sorbents and to investigate the effect of basic parameters such as sorbent type, washing time, surfactant dosage and temperature. Biosurfactants are biodegradable and can also enhance the biodegradation of oil by increasing the bioavailability of hydrophobic compounds. Factorial design was employed to examine the oil removal from used sorbents by biosurfactant. The study revealed that pore size, biosurfactant concentration, temperature and washing time exhibit different effects on oil removal for different types of oil. For crude oil and 25% weathered (weight loss from crude oil by evaporation), pore size and washing time are significant factors influencing oil removal from used sorbents. For 50% weathered oil, temperature appears to be most significant factor influencing oil removal. It has been shown that biosurfactant washing has considerable potential for recycling used oil sorbents.
Biochemical and Structural Studies of NADH-Dependent FabG Used To Increase the Bacterial Production of Fatty Acids under Anaerobic Conditions (2013)

Major efforts in bioenergy research have focused on producing fuels that can directly replace petroleum-derived gasoline and diesel fuel through metabolic engineering of microbial fatty acid biosynthetic pathways. Typically, growth and pathway induction are conducted under aerobic conditions, but for operational efficiency in an industrial context, anaerobic culture conditions would be preferred to obviate the need to maintain specific dissolved oxygen concentrations and to maximize the proportion of reducing equivalents directed to biofuel biosynthesis rather than ATP production. A major concern with fermentative growth conditions is elevated NADH levels, which can adversely affect cell physiology. The purpose of this study was to identify homologs of Escherichia coli FabG, an essential reductase involved in fatty acid biosynthesis, that display a higher preference for NADH than for NADPH as a cofactor. Four potential NADH-dependent FabG variants were identified through bioinformatic analyses supported by crystallographic structure determination (1.3- to 2.0-Å resolution). In vitro assays of cofactor (NADH/NADPH) preference in the four variants showed up to ≈ 35-fold preference for NADH, which was observed with the Cupriavidus taiwanensis FabG variant. In addition, FabG homologs were overexpressed in fatty acid- and methyl ketone-overproducing E. coli host strains under anaerobic conditions, and the C. taiwanensis variant led to a 60% higher free fatty acid titer and 75% higher methyl ketone titer relative to the titers of the control strains. With further engineering, this work could serve as a starting point for establishing a microbial host strain for production of fatty acid-derived biofuels (e.g., methyl ketones) under anaerobic conditions.
Pyrazolidine Derivatives with Heteroaryl Urea as Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV Inhibitors (2005)

In the continuation of efforts to modify the structure of our novel DP-IV inhibitors, a series of pyrazolidine derivatives with heteroaryl urea was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DP-IV).
Regulation of Lipid Biosynthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by Fumonisin B1 (1995)

The regulation of lipid biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae by fumonisin B1 was examined. Fumonisin B1 inhibited the growth of yeast cells. Cells supplemented with fumonisin B1 accumulated free sphinganine and phytosphingosine in a dose-dependent manner. The cellular concentration of ceramide was reduced in fumonisin B1-supplemented cells. Ceramide synthase activity was found in yeast cell membranes and was inhibited by fumonisin B1. Fumonisin B1 inhibited the synthesis of the inositol-containing sphingolipids inositol phosphorylceramide, mannosylinositol phosphorylceramide, and mannosyldiinositol phosphorylceramide. Fumonisin B1 also caused a decrease in the synthesis of the major phospholipids synthesized via the CDP-diacylglycerol-dependent pathway and the synthesis of neutral lipids. The effects of fumonisin B1 and sphingoid bases on the activities of enzymes in the pathways leading to the synthesis of sphingolipids, phospholipids, and neutral lipids were also examined. Other than ceramide synthase, fumonisin B1 did not affect the activities of any of the enzymes examined. However, sphinganine and phytosphingosine inhibited the activities of inositol phosphorylceramide synthase, phosphatidylserine synthase, and phosphatidate phosphatase. These are key enzymes responsible for the synthesis of lipids in yeast. The data reported here indicated that the biosynthesis of sphingolipids, phospholipids and neutral lipids was coordinately regulated by fumonisin B1 through the regulation of lipid biosynthetic enzymes by sphingoid bases.
Synthesis of Aureomycin Degradation Products. II (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of Aureomycin Degradation Products. IIJames H. Boothe, R. G. Wilkinson, S. Kushner, and J. H. WilliamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1953, 75, 7, 1732–1733Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01103a505https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01103a505research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views385Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
dc field effects on streaming electrification in insulating oils (1996)

The results of an experimental investigation into the influence of impurities on electrification in insulating liquids in a tube model under an external dc field effect is described. Both conduction and streaming currents were measured as a function of temperature and flow rate using a paper-pressboard model with concentric cylindrical electrode geometry. Positive or negative dc voltage was applied to the inner electrode. The streaming current was measured from a shielded test chamber and the conduction current was measured from the ground electrode. Energization by positive dc voltage always enhanced the streaming electrification; however, when the applied voltage was negative, the polarity of streaming current was field strength dependent. At low fields (<0.52 kV/mm), the streaming current with negative dc field I/sub sn//sup c/ increased with increased field and with field strength >0.52 kV/mm, polarity reversal was observed. The field at which current crossed the zero value has been defined as the zero cross over point (ZCOP). Flow rate did not have any influence on the ZCOP; however, the additive concentration, moisture content and the temperature affected this ZCOP. In the presence of the corrosion inhibitor carbazole, the streaming current with negative dc field, I/sub sn/ attained zero at low fields. The conduction currents corresponding to fields where streaming currents were zero were also relatively low. It is therefore possible that by applying a moderate dc field of appropriate polarity the streaming current can be reduced to very low values by adjusting the carbazole concentration in the test liquid.
Characterizing the Moisture Content of Tea with Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy Using Wavelet Transform and Multivariate Analysis (2012)

Effects of the moisture content (MC) of tea on diffuse reflectance spectroscopy were investigated by integrated wavelet transform and multivariate analysis. A total of 738 representative samples, including fresh tea leaves, manufactured tea and partially processed tea were collected for spectral measurement in the 325-1,075 nm range with a field portable spectroradiometer. Then wavelet transform (WT) and multivariate analysis were adopted for quantitative determination of the relationship between MC and spectral data. Three feature extraction methods including WT, principal component analysis (PCA) and kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) were used to explore the internal structure of spectral data. Comparison of those three methods indicated that the variables generated by WT could efficiently discover structural information of spectral data. Calibration involving seeking the relationship between MC and spectral data was executed by using regression analysis, including partial least squares regression, multiple linear regression and least square support vector machine. Results showed that there was a significant correlation between MC and spectral data (r = 0.991, RMSEP = 0.034). Moreover, the effective wavelengths for MC measurement were detected at range of 888-1,007 nm by wavelet transform. The results indicated that the diffuse reflectance spectroscopy of tea is highly correlated with MC.
Pareto navigation—algorithmic foundation of interactive multi-criteria IMRT planning (2008)

Inherently, IMRT treatment planning involves compromising between different planning goals. Multi-criteria IMRT planning directly addresses this compromising and thus makes it more systematic. Usually, several plans are computed from which the planner selects the most promising following a certain procedure. Applying Pareto navigation for this selection step simultaneously increases the variety of planning options and eases the identification of the most promising plan. Pareto navigation is an interactive multi-criteria optimization method that consists of the two navigation mechanisms 'selection' and 'restriction'. The former allows the formulation of wishes whereas the latter allows the exclusion of unwanted plans. They are realized as optimization problems on the so-called plan bundle -- a set constructed from pre-computed plans. They can be approximately reformulated so that their solution time is a small fraction of a second. Thus, the user can be provided with immediate feedback regarding his or her decisions. Pareto navigation was implemented in the MIRA navigator software and allows real-time manipulation of the current plan and the set of considered plans. The changes are triggered by simple mouse operations on the so-called navigation star and lead to real-time updates of the navigation star and the dose visualizations. Since any Pareto-optimal plan in the plan bundle can be found with just a few navigation operations the MIRA navigator allows a fast and directed plan determination. Besides, the concept allows for a refinement of the plan bundle, thus offering a middle course between single plan computation and multi-criteria optimization. Pareto navigation offers so far unmatched real-time interactions, ease of use and plan variety, setting it apart from the multi-criteria IMRT planning methods proposed so far.
Detection of bifurcations in noisy coupled systems from multiple time series (2015)

We generalize a method of detecting an approaching bifurcation in a time series of a noisy system from the special case of one dynamical variable to multiple dynamical variables. For a system described by a stochastic differential equation consisting of an autonomous deterministic part with one dynamical variable and an additive white noise term, small perturbations away from the system's fixed point will decay slower the closer the system is to a bifurcation. This phenomenon is known as critical slowing down and all such systems exhibit this decay-type behaviour. However, when the deterministic part has multiple coupled dynamical variables, the possible dynamics can be much richer, exhibiting oscillatory and chaotic behaviour. In our generalization to the multi-variable case, we find additional indicators to decay rate, such as frequency of oscillation. In the case of approaching a homoclinic bifurcation, there is no change in decay rate but there is a decrease in frequency of oscillations. The expanded method therefore adds extra tools to help detect and classify approaching bifurcations given multiple time series, where the underlying dynamics are not fully known. Our generalisation also allows bifurcation detection to be applied spatially if one treats each spatial location as a new dynamical variable. One may then determine the unstable spatial mode(s). This is also something that has not been possible with the single variable method. The method is applicable to any set of time series regardless of its origin, but may be particularly useful when anticipating abrupt changes in the multi-dimensional climate system.
The Rat Posterior Pituitary Contains a Potent Prolactin-Releasing Factor: Studies with Perifused Anterior Pituitary Cells* (1987)

1) The rat posterior pituitary contains a potent PRF capable of inducing a rapid, hormone-specific, concentration-dependent stimulation of PRL release from perifused anterior pituitary cells. 2) The MBH contains significantly less PRF activity, which is largely attributable to TRH. 3) Although the chemical identity of PRF is yet unknown, the PRF activity in the posterior pituitary is not accounted for by oxytocin, TRH, or A II.
The effect of vitamin C on in vivo lipid peroxidation in guinea pigs as measured by pentane and ethane production (1983)

Measurements of pentane and ethane as indices of in vivo lipid peroxidation were made on samples of breath from vitamin C-sufficient and vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs injected with 23 microliters carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)/100 g body wt. Vitamin C-deficient animals produced significantly more pentane and ethane after CCl4 treatment than did vitamin C-sufficient guinea pigs. Pretreatment of vitamin C-deficient animals with 75 mg ascorbic acid/100 g body wt significantly lowered both pentane and ethane evolution. Protection against in vivo lipid peroxidation similar to that provided by ascorbic acid was also found when vitamin C-deficient guinea pigs were pretreated with isoascorbic acid, reduced glutathione, alpha-tocopherol or beta-carotene. When animals were pretreated with the radical scavenger mannitol, a protective effect was also observed as measured by pentane evolution.
Solvent‐free high active matter alcohol ethoxysulfate/alcohol ethoxylate blends: Preparation and effect of surfactant structure on rheological properties (1989)

Abstract Blends of alcohol ethoxysulfates (AES) and alcohol ethoxylates (AE) at high active matter content (90%) have been prepared. These blends contain no solvents other than water and have sufficiently low viscosities enabling the pumping of them from storage vessels to mix tanks. In addition, they may be diluted into aqueous solutions with less gel formation tendencies than shown by AE or AES alone. Specific AE/AES blend ratios, alkyl and polyoxyethylene chain lengths are important selection parameters for achieving desired rheological properties.
Sol–gel processed porous silica carriers for the controlled release of diclofenac diethylamine (2008)

Silica xerogels doped with diclofenac diethylamine were prepared by the sol-gel method from a hydrolysed tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) solution containing diclofenac diethylamine. Two different catalysts, drying conditions and levels of water content were used to alter the microstructure of the silica xerogels. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of Diclofenac release from the silica xerogels. This in vitro study showed that the sol-gel method is useful for entrapping Diclofenac in the pores of xerogels. It also showed that, in vitro, Diclofenac is released from the silica xerogel, through the pores, by diffusion. Base-catalysed gels proved to be much more effective than acid-catalyzed gels.
New data processing of dummy pattern generation adaptive for CMP process (1999)

For planarization of interlevel dielectric between two wiring layers, chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is used from 0.25 micrometer devices. Here, in order to improve global planarity, dummy patterns area added to the original wiring patterns. In the conventional dummy generation system, because the all wiring patterns are oversized geometrically to obtain CMP area, the geometrical oversizing consumes a long time. In order to reduce the time of geometrical oversizing, minimum CMP area and maximum CMP area, which is calculated faster than geometrical oversizing, are introduced in the new data processing. At first, instead of the geometrical oversizing, the total area of patterns (minimum CMP area) and the total area of individually oversized patterns (maximum CMP area) are calculated at each small region in wiring layer. Then dummy generation regions are selected by using these two total area. When all of surroundings of a small region are decided to be dummy generation region or not, the geometrical oversizing can be omitted at the small region. As the number of regions at which the geometrical oversizing is omitted increases, the data processing time of dummy pattern generation improves significantly. As the result, using a sample data: 0.25 micrometer ASIC device wiring data with about 50 million figures, the processing time of as fast as about 1 hour 30 minutes has been achieved by the new system compared to about 2 hours and 10 minutes with the conventional system. This improvement of the processing time contributes to shorten TAT of mask data processing for ULSI.