gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a new diagnostic and therapeutic tool for tinnitus patients. (2008)

Even if the pathophysiology of tinnitus remains incompletely understood, there is growing agreement that dysfunctional neuroplastic processes in the brain are involved. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a potent tool for modifying neural activity at the stimulated area and at a distance along functional anatomical connections. Depending on stimulation parameters, cortical networks can be functionally disturbed or modulated in their activity. The technique can alleviate tinnitus by modulating the excitability of neurons in the auditory cortex. It is assumed that TMS decreases the hyperexcitability that is associated with some forms of tinnitus. A growing number of studies demonstrate reduction of tinnitus after repeated sessions of low-frequency rTMS and indicate that rTMS might represent a new promising approach for the treatment of tinnitus. Single sessions of high-frequency rTMS over the temporal cortex have been successful in reducing the intensity of tinnitus during the time of stimulation and could be predictive for treatment outcome of chronic epidural stimulation using implanted electrodes. Because most available studies have been performed with small sample sizes and show only moderate effect sizes and high interindividual variability of treatment effects, further development of the technique is needed before it can be recommended for use in clinical routine. Both patient-related (e.g., hearing loss, tinnitus duration, age) and stimulation-related (e.g., stimulation site, stimulation protocols) factors seem to influence treatment outcome; however, their exact impact still remains to be clarified.
Targeting the Activator Protein 1 Transcription Factor for the Prevention of Estrogen Receptor–Negative Mammary Tumors (2008)

The oncogene erbB2 is overexpressed in 20% to 30% human breast cancers and is most commonly overexpressed in estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancers. Transgenic mice expressing erbB2 develop ER-negative mammary tumors, mimicking human breast carcinogenesis. Previously, we have shown that activator protein 1 (AP-1) regulates proliferation of ER-negative breast cancer cells. We hypothesized that blockade of AP-1 in mouse mammary epithelial cells will suppress ER-negative tumorigenesis induced by erbB2. Trigenic erbB2 mice were generated by crossing a bigenic pUHD-Tam67/MMTV-rtTA mouse to a MMTV-erbB2 mouse. The resulting trigenic mice develop tumors and express a doxycycline-inducible c-Jun dominant negative mutant (Tam67) in the mammary glands. In vivo AP-1 blockade by Tam67 expression started delayed mammary tumor formation in MMTV-erbB2 mice by more than 11 weeks. By 52 weeks of age, 100% (18 of 18) of the untreated animals had developed mammary tumors, whereas 56% (9 of 16) of the doxycycline-treated trigenic mice developed tumors. In addition, the tumors that arose in the AP-1-blocked erbB2 mice failed to express Tam67. Twenty-five percent of the doxycycline-treated MMTV-erbB2 mice survived more than 72 weeks of age without developing mammary tumors. Examination of normal-appearing mammary glands from these mice showed that AP-1 blockade by Tam67 also significantly prevents the development of premalignant lesions in these glands. The expression of erbB2 either in normal mammary tissue or in mammary tumors was not altered. Our results show that blocking the AP-1 signaling in mammary cells suppresses erbB2-induced transformation, and show that the AP-1 transcription factor is a critical transducer of erbB2. These results provide a scientific rationale to develop targeted drugs that inhibit AP-1 to prevent the development of ER-negative breast cancer.
Analysis of a fault-tolerance scheme for processor ensembles (1992)

The authors analyze a locally redundant scheme (LR scheme) for designing fault-tolerant processor ensembles. A switching structure for reconfiguration is presented, and a detailed model for the yield analysis off the LR scheme that takes into account processor, switch, and link failures is developed. A negative binomial distribution is used for the yield statistics, as it best fits the empirical data. This model is used to compare the yields (with and without fault tolerance) of some architectural topologies. A dynamic analysis of the effect of residual redundancy on the improvement of operational system reliability is presented. The analysis reveals an appreciable improvement in the yield and operational system-reliability when the LR scheme is used. This analysis includes the reliability of switches and links, unlike previous analyses of fault-tolerant schemes. The empirical results show that ignoring switch reliability could result in an appreciable overestimate of system reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
THE RISK OF FIRE SALES IN THE TRI‐PARTY REPO MARKET (2015)

This paper studies the risk of “fire sales” in the tri‐party repo market, a large and important market where securities dealers find short‐term funding for a substantial portion of their own and their clients' assets. We distinguish between fire sales of assets by a dealer who, facing a run that could lead to default, sells securities to generate liquidity, and fire sales of assets by repo investors after a dealer's default has occurred. While fire sales do cause damage no matter how they arise, the tools available to lessen the harm from the two types of fire sales are different. We find that limited tools are available to mitigate the risk of predefault fire sales and that no established tools currently exist to mitigate the risk of postdefault sales . ( JEL G01, G18)
Revolution Principles: The Politics of Party, 1689-1720 (1979)

Preface Note 1. Introduction 2. By force or by miracle 3. The measures of submission 4. This skein of tangled principles 5. King Charle's head 6. The bloody flag 7. Revolution principles 8. Black and odious colours 9. The four last years 10. That triumphant appellation 11. Conclusion Abbreviations Notes Addendum Index.
Maspin Regulates Endothelial Cell Adhesion and Migration through an Integrin Signaling Pathway (2010)

Maspin has been identified as a potent angiogenesis inhibitor. However, the molecular mechanism responsible for its anti-angiogenic property is unclear. In this study, we examined the effect of maspin on endothelial cell (EC) adhesion and migration in a cell culture system. We found that maspin was expressed in blood vessels ECs and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). Maspin significantly enhanced HUVEC cell adhesion to various matrix proteins. This effect was dependent on the activation of integrin β(1), which subsequently led to distribution pattern changes of vinculin and F-actin. These results indicated that maspin affects cell adhesion and cytoskeleton reorganization through an integrin signal transduction pathway. Analysis of HUVECs following maspin treatment revealed increased integrin-linked kinase activities and phosphorylated FAK levels, consistent with increased cell adhesion. Interestingly, when HUVECs were induced to migrate by migration stimulatory factor bFGF, active Rac1 and cdc42 small GTPase levels were decreased dramatically at 30 min following maspin treatment. Using phosphorylated FAK at Tyr(397) as an indicator of focal adhesion disassembly, maspin-treated HUVECs had elevated FAK phosphorylation compared with the mock treated control. The results were a reduction in focal adhesion disassembly and the retardation in EC migration. This study uncovers a mechanism by which maspin exerts its effect on EC adhesion and migration through an integrin signal transduction pathway.
CoughLoc: Location-Aware Indoor Acoustic Sensing for Non-Intrusive Cough Detection (2018)

Pervasive medical monitoring has become an ideal alter- native to nursing care for elderly people and patients in hospitals. Existing systems using single body-worn sensors are often intrusive and less reliable. By contrast, ubiqui- tous acoustic sensing techniques can support non-intrusive and robust medical monitoring. In this paper, we describe CoughLoc, a ubiquitous acoustic sensing system for con- tinuous cough detection using a wireless sensor network. We show how knowledge of sound source locations can be leveraged to improve the detection accuracy of sound events caused by mobile users. Experiments in indoor environ- ments show our system achieves over 90% cough detection performance under quiet backgrounds, and 1.6 times higher performance compared to a baseline approach with no loca- tion information.
Mathematical system modeling and dynamic resource allocation through Kalman Filter based prediction in IEEE 802.11 PSM (2009)

In the IEEE 802.11 power saving mode (PSM) which is specified for distributed coordinate function (DCF), time is divided into beacon intervals. Beacon interval is composed of ATIM window and data transmit duration. When data transmission is needed, hosts must send and receive ATIM window frames during ATIM window. According to ATIM frames, each host decides to sleep or awake. Clearly, this method is not optimized one since it can't manage dynamic transmitting situation. To solve this problem, dynamic power saving mechanism (DPSM) is proposed. But in this method changing ATIM window size is linearly progressed and considering situation is highly limited. So we have developed new dynamic traffic assignment (DTA) systems for optimizing PSM in wireless networks. For this purpose, we bring in optimal state estimation which is formalized by mathematical equations that utilize a proven error calculation method, Kalman filter. This method makes it possible to predict the best suitable ATIM window size to increase possible doze time. And it also improves power efficiency of wireless devices more than the one achieved through DPSM. In this way, we have developed basic mathematical system modeling in wireless networks and the usage of Kalman filter. Simulation results show that proposed approach outperforms previous mechanisms PSM, DPSM in terms of throughput and the amount of energy consumed.
Development of patient-specific biomechanical models for predicting large breast deformation (2011)

Physically realistic simulations for large breast deformation are of great interest for many medical applications such as cancer diagnosis, image registration, surgical planning and image-guided surgery. To support fast, large deformation simulations of breasts in clinical settings, we proposed a patient-specific biomechanical modelling framework for breasts, based on an open-source graphics processing unit-based, explicit, dynamic, nonlinear finite element (FE) solver. A semi-automatic segmentation method for tissue classification, integrated with a fully automated FE mesh generation approach, was implemented for quick patient-specific FE model generation. To solve the difficulty in determining material parameters of soft tissues in vivo for FE simulations, a novel method for breast modelling, with a simultaneous material model parameter optimization for soft tissues in vivo, was also proposed. The optimized deformation prediction was obtained through iteratively updating material model parameters to maximize the image similarity between the FE-predicted MR image and the experimentally acquired MR image of a breast. The proposed method was validated and tested by simulating and analysing breast deformation experiments under plate compression. Its prediction accuracy was evaluated by calculating landmark displacement errors. The results showed that both the heterogeneity and the anisotropy of soft tissues were essential in predicting large breast deformations under plate compression. As a generalized method, the proposed process can be used for fast deformation analyses of soft tissues in medical image analyses and surgical simulations.
Synthesis of Li[(Ni<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>)<sub>1‐x</sub>Li<sub>x</sub>] O<sub>2</sub> by Emulsion Drying Method and Impact of Excess Li on Structural and Electrochemical Properties. (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
New Convenient Synthetic Route for Photosensitive Poly(benzoxazole) (2003)

This review article is concerned with two new convenient synthetic routes for a photosensitive poly(benzoxazole) (PBO). The first synthetic route is based on poly(o-hydroxyamide) and 1-{1, 1-bis[4-(2-diazo-1-(2H)naphthalenone-5-sulfonyloxy)phenyl]ethyl}-4-{1-[4-(2-diazo-1(2H)naphthalenone-5-sulfonyloxy)-phenyl]-methylethyl}benzene (S-DNQ). Poly(o-hydroxyamide) was prepared by polycondensation of 2, 2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane and diphenyl isophthalate in 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) at 185-205°C. The photosensitive PBO precursor consisting of poly(o-hydroxyamide) and 30 wt% S-DNQ showed a high sensitivity (110 mJ cm-2) and contrast (5.0). The second route is based on poly(o-hydroxyazomethine) and S-DNQ. Poly(o-hydroxyazomethine) was prepared by condensation of 2, 2-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl)hexafluoropropane with isophthalaldehyde in NMP/toluene under azeotropic conditions. Poly(o-hydroxyazomethine) containing 30 wt% S-DNQ functioned as the positive working photoresist. The positive image was successfully converted to the PBO pattern by thermal treatment.
Equalization with Interference Cancellation for Hermitian Symmetric OFDM/OQAM systems (2008)

OFDM/OQAM is a multi-carrier modulation scheme that, differently from conventional OFDM, does not require any guard interval. Indeed, the interference that results from a transmission over time and/or frequency selective channels can be partly contained if the pulse shape has been appropriately selected. Nevertheless, for certain transmission conditions, a simple zero forcing (ZF) equalization is not enough to cancel this interference. In this paper, we propose an equalization with interference cancellation (EIC) to counteract the performance floor that characterizes OFDM/OQAM systems using a simple ZF equalization. To fit with the case of a baseband transmission, we use an OFDM/OQAM variant that satisfies Hermitian Symmetry conditions to directly provide a real-valued modulated signal. This modulation is evaluated for the transmission of 64 and 256- QAM over a power line communication (PLC) channel. The simulation results illustrate the efficiency of the EIC method.
Quest for human life: identifying viable human embryos (2003)

The author describes a technique whereby a single cell from a six to eight day stage embryo is removed and examined for aneuploidy using fluorescent in vitro hybridisation. This should result in the detection and transfer of viable embryos. (non-author abstract)
Characteristics of the overlaid charge-coupled device (1979)

A novel charge-coupled device structure (the overlaid CCD) is described. It operates by transferring charge packets on two distinct levels which are overlaid in the semiconductor bulk. This bulk-integrated device has an increased density per unit area and a reduced driving power consumption per bit compared to conventional buried-channel CCD's still enjoying bulk-channel operation. Furthermore, the overlaid CCD can be employed to perform certain operations that could otherwise be performed only at greater expense. The price to be paid is a smaller charge-carrying capacity of the deeper laying transfer level. The operational characteristics of the overlaid CCD are investigated by means of analytic, as well as two-dimensional numerical calculations. Emphasis is laid upon assessing the distinguishing features of the device and evaluating the relative influences of the design parameters on the operational performances.
Direct β-Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols Catalyzed by a Cp*Ir Complex (2005)

A new catalytic system for beta-alkylation of secondary alcohols has been developed. In the presence of [CpIrCl(2)](2) (Cp = pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) catalyst and base, the reactions of various secondary alcohols with primary alcohols give beta-alkylated higher alcohols in good to excellent yields without any hydrogen acceptor or hydrogen donor. This reaction proceeds via successive hydrogen-transfer reactions and aldol condensation. [reaction: see text]
Prediction of Oil Production by Gravity Drainage (2003)

Abstract Mathematical models to predict oil production accurately by gravity drainage have been few. To this end, an analytical model was developed to determine the ultimate oil recovery by free-fall gravity drainage. An empirical oil recovery model was proposed accordingly to match and predict oil production. The model was tested against experimental, numerical, and field data of oil production by free-fall gravity drainage. The results demonstrated that the oil recovery model could work satisfactorily in the oil-gas cases studied. Initial oil production rate, entry capillary pressure, and average residual oil saturation can be estimated using the oil recovery model. An approach was also developed to infer capillary pressure curves from the oil production data by free-fall gravity drainage.
Overview of Steroidogenic Enzymes in the Pathway from Cholesterol to Active Steroid Hormones (2004)

Significant advances have taken place in our knowledge of the enzymes involved in steroid hormone biosynthesis since the last comprehensive review in 1988. Major developments include the cloning, identification, and characterization of multiple isoforms of 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, which play a critical role in the biosynthesis of all steroid hormones and 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase where specific isoforms are essential for the final step in active steroid hormone biosynthesis. Advances have taken place in our understanding of the unique manner that determines tissue-specific expression of P450aromatase through the utilization of alternative promoters. In recent years, evidence has been obtained for the expression of steroidogenic enzymes in the nervous system and in cardiac tissue, indicating that these tissues may be involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones acting in an autocrine or paracrine manner. This review presents a detailed description of the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of active steroid hormones, with emphasis on the human and mouse enzymes and their expression in gonads, adrenal glands, and placenta.
Electron beam induced x-ray emission: An <i>in situ</i> probe for composition determination during molecular beam epitaxy growth (1998)

An in situ, x-ray emission measurement technique is developed. This technique is demonstrated to measure composition at the monolayer level for the InGaAs/GaAs heterojunction system. This electron beam induced x-ray emission technique is a powerful method for in situ compositional analysis during molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) growth. Unlike the reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) method, this electron beam stimulated x-ray emission technique affords a new method for the real-time monitoring of the elemental composition while the sample is rotating during growth. The technique exhibits long term reproducibility, and in addition, compares reasonably well with RHEED. Well-characterized standards are required for quantitative analysis of the composition, and knowledge about the electron sampling trajectories is required for accurate elemental analysis at the monolayer level.
Fundamentals of Medicinal Chemistry (2003)

Preface.Acknowledgements.Abbreviations/Acronyms.1. Biological Molecules.2. An Introduction to Drugs and Their Action.3. An Introduction to Drug Discovery.4. The SAR and QSAR Approaches to Drug Design.5. Computer Aided Drug Design.6. Combinatorial Chemistry.7. Selected Examples of Drug Action at some Common Target Areas.8. Pharmacokinetics.9. Drug Metabolism.10. An Introduction to Lead and Analogue Syntheses.11. Drug Development and Production.Appendix 1. Sickle-cell Anaemia.Appendix 2. Bacteria.Appendix 3. Cell Membranes.Appendix 4. Receptors.Appendix 5. Transfer through Membranes.Appendix 6. Regression Analysis.Appendix 7. Enzymes.Answers to Questions.Selected Further Reading.Index.
Morphologic aspects of the protection by endotoxin against acute and chronic oxygen-induced lung injury in adult rats. (1983)

Small doses of endotoxin are reported to protect against O2-induced lung injury in rats. To better understand the cellular basis of this effect, we morphometrically analyzed the extent to which endotoxin modified the changes in lung ultrastructure occurring in adult rats exposed acutely to 100% O2 for 60 hours or chronically to 85% O2 for 7 days. In rats exposed to 100% O2, endotoxin resulted in 34% less volume of noncellular interstitium (i.e., less interstitial edema) and 42% less volume of cellular interstitium; however, interstitial edema and cellularity were still more than in air-exposed controls. Endotoxin did not significantly prevent decreases in endothelial cell number and capillary surface area or increases in intracapillary neutrophil volume caused by 100% O2. There was also no change in the number of type I and type II epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages. In rats exposed chronically to a sublethal tolerance-inducing level (85%) of O2, endotoxin resulted in 36% more endothelial cells (i.e., less of a decrease from control values) and 30% less interstitial cells (i.e., less of an increase from control values). The increase in number of type II epithelial cells and the degree of endothelial cell hypertrophy caused by 85% O2 were not altered. We conclude that endotoxin resulted in significant protection against O2-induced changes in ultrastructure; this occurred mainly in the capillary endothelium and interstitium. The primary effect may be a reduction in damage to, and death of, endothelial cells leading secondarily to less of an increase in capillary permeability, less interstitial (and alveolar) edema, and less proliferation and recruitment of interstitial cells. There was no evidence of a mitogenic effect on type II epithelial cells or change in number of either alveolar macrophages or intravascular neutrophils.
Evidence for Antibody-Mediated Injury as a Major Determinant of Late Kidney Allograft Failure (2010)

Evidence of antibody-mediated injury (DSA or C4d) is common (57%) in patients with new onset late kidney allograft dysfunction. The risk of subsequent graft failure is significantly worse in the presence of C4d+ staining.
Computation of Program Source Code Similarity by Composition of Parse Tree and Call Graph (2015)

This paper proposes a novel method to compute how similar two program source codes are. Since a program source code is represented as a structural form, the proposed method adopts convolution kernel functions as a similarity measure. Actually, a program source code has two kinds of structural information. One is syntactic information and the other is the dependencies of function calls lying on the program. Since the syntactic information of a program is expressed as its parse tree, the syntactic similarity between two programs is computed by a parse tree kernel. The function calls within a program provide a global structure of a program and can be represented as a graph. Therefore, the similarity of function calls is computed with a graph kernel. Then, both structural similarities are reflected simultaneously into comparing program source codes by composing the parse tree and the graph kernels based on a cyclomatic complexity. According to the experimental results on a real data set for program plagiarism detection, the proposed method is proved to be effective in capturing the similarity between programs. The experiments show that the plagiarized pairs of programs are found correctly and thoroughly by the proposed method.