gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Crosstalk Bounded Uncorrelated Jitter (BUJ) for High-Speed Interconnects (2005)

Bounded uncorrelated jitter (BUJ), a subcomponent of total jitter, is commonly caused by crosstalk coupling from adjacent interconnects on printed circuit boards (PCB). However, the characteristics of BUJ are still not well understood. Neither a mathematical model of jitter, nor an algorithm to generate histograms for BUJ has been developed to this date. Such a model and algorithm would empower designers to predict BUJ to achieve total jitter budget without lengthy simulations and measurements. In this paper, we first review the characteristics of a crosstalk pulse induced by an aggressor signal on a quiet trace. Then, by applying the superposition principle, a jitter model to calculate the time difference between the distortion-free and the distorted edge crossings of the victim signal was developed. This model is also extended to calculate the worst case timing difference, BUJ/sub p-p/. In addition, an algorithm to generate the histogram distribution of BUJ is also developed. The developed algorithm has fast execution times of 10-20 s, compared to simulation and measurement times of 10-30 min.
The mode of action of l,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one on Staphylococcus aureus (1985)

1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one (BIT), at growth inhibitory concentrations, has little effect on membrane integrity but significantly inhibits the active transport and oxidation of glucose by washed Staphylococcus aureus cells. The dependancy of these metabolic processes on thiol-containing enzymes and the observed interaction of BIT with glutathione and isolated enzyme preparations suggests that cellular thiol groups are a major target for BIT.
Secure E-Commerce Transactions for Multicast Services (2006)

All e-commerce environments require support for security properties such as authentication, authorization, data confidentiality, and non-repudiation. E-commerce protocols such as SSL, TLS, and SET offer security for e-transactions, but they are specific to the unicast (point-to-point) environment. They cannot be directly extended to provide security for multicast (point-to-multipoint) sessions. Multicast data transmission provides significant network resource savings for applications such as audio/video streaming, news broadcast services and software distribution. However, security is required to prevent theft, and to ensure revenue generation from authorized recipients. We have designed the secure e-commerce transactions for multicast services (SETMS) architectural framework, to secure e-commerce sessions for multicast environments. The SETMS framework provides authentication of host through the HIP protocol, authorization of subscriber and his/her e-payments through a variant of the 2KP protocol, a procedure to account for the subscriber's resource consumption, and support for non-repudiation of principal parties through PKI. The SETMS framework has been formally validated using the AVISPA tool
TULA proteins regulate activity of the protein tyrosine kinase Syk (2008)

TULA belongs to a two-member family: TULA (STS-2) is a lymphoid protein, whereas STS-1/TULA-2 is expressed ubiquitously. TULA proteins were implicated in the regulation of signaling mediated by protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs). The initial experiments did not fully reveal the molecular mechanism of these effects, but suggested that both TULA proteins act in a similar fashion. It was shown recently that STS-1/TULA-2 dephosphorylates PTKs. In this study, we analyzed the effects of TULA proteins on Syk, a PTK playing an important role in lymphoid signaling. First, we have shown that TULA-2 decreases tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk in vivo and in vitro and that the intact phosphatase domain of TULA-2 is essential for this effect. We have also shown that TULA-2 exhibits a certain degree of substrate specificity. Our results also indicate that inactivated TULA-2 increases tyrosine phosphorylation of Syk in cells co-transfected to overexpress these proteins, thus acting as a dominant-negative form that suppresses dephosphorylation of Syk caused by endogenous TULA-2. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that phosphatase activity of TULA is negligible as compared to that of TULA-2 and that this finding correlates with an increase in Syk tyrosine phosphorylation in cells overexpressing TULA. This result is consistent with the dominant-negative effect of inactivated TULA-2, arguing that TULA acts in this system as a negative regulator of TULA-2-dependent dephosphorylation. To summarize, our findings indicate that TULA proteins may exert opposite effects on PTK-mediated signaling and suggest that a regulatory mechanism based on this feature may exist.
ML time delay estimation in a multipath channel (2002)

A receiver based on the maximum likelihood (ML) method for estimating unknown parameters of a periodic signal in a multipath channel is presented. In an AWGN channel the ML-receiver reduces to the matched filter followed by a calculation of the ML-metric. A particular interest of this paper lies in time delay estimation which is crucial in spread spectrum radiolocation systems. Performance difference between the obtained ML-receiver and the conventional receiver (the matched filter followed by an envelope detector) in a multipath channel where temporal separation of multipath components is less than one chip interval is investigated by simulations. As excepted, the ML-receiver outperforms the conventional receiver if SNR is high enough, i.e., above the threshold SNR of the ML-receiver.
Relative Pose Measurement Algorithm of Non-cooperative Target based on Stereo Vision and RANSAC (2012)

The final approach phase of spacecraft rendezvous and docking is extremely important. In order to solve the problem of the real-time acquisition of the relative pose between target and spacecraft in near distance (<2m), this paper established a binocular stereovision model, and proposed a non-cooperative target relative pose measuring method based on stereo vision and RANSAC algorithm. Linear characteristic of Non-cooperative target was used to abstract feature points firstly, then stereo matching and 3-D restructuring were taken for the feature points, finally, an algorithm based on RANSAC algorithm was used to calculate the relative pose between the target and the camera. Therefore, errors were eliminated effectively, and the computation load was decreased by using disparity gradient constraint. Experimental results show that high accuracy and real-time results are the advantages of this method.
Pathogenesis of street rabies virus infections in resistant and susceptible strains of mice (1985)

Seven strains of mice were examined to determine why susceptibility differences and variations in clinical central nervous system (CNS) disease occurred among these animals after intraperitoneal inoculation of street rabies virus (SRV). Trace experiments for infectious virus indicated that these differences were associated with restriction of virus replication within the CNS. Limitation of viral replication appeared to correlate with the antibody response in that prominent serum anti-SRV neutralizing antibody titers were detected in resistant strains, whereas susceptible strains produced minimal amounts of antibody until their death. The importance of the immune response was reaffirmed with cyclophosphamide studies in that all resistant SJL/J mice died after immunosuppressive treatment. In contrast, cyclophosphamide-treated SJL/J mice whose immune systems were reconstituted with either unfractionated immune spleen cells or with sera 24 h after SRV inoculation survived a lethal dose of SRV. More importantly, immunosuppressed SJL/J and immunodeficient athymic mice were protected when reconstituted with immune serum 72 h after SRV inoculation, a time in which infectious virus was detected in the spinal cords of some mice but was not present in the peritoneal cavity. Additional studies showed that antibody in the cerebrospinal fluid was unimportant in the resistance of mouse strains which remained clinically asymptomatic, but it appeared to be associated with the survival of mice which developed clinical CNS disease. Furthermore, CNS resistance to intranasal or intracerebral inoculation with challenge virus standard rabies virus developed as early as 5 days post-intraperitoneal inoculation of SRV.
Systematic review: the lower gastrointestinal adverse effects of non‐steroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (2006)

An increase in lower gastrointestinal injury and clinical events with non-selective-NSAIDs appears relatively consistent across the heterogeneous collection of trials. Coxibs are associated with lower rates of lower gastrointestinal injury than non-selective-NSAIDs. More high-quality trials are warranted to more precisely estimate the effects of non-selective-NSAIDs and coxibs on the lower gastrointestinal tract.
The medium chain triglyceride diet and intractable epilepsy. (1986)

Fifty children with drug resistant epilepsy were treated with the Medium Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Emulsion diet. Eight achieved complete control of seizures (four without anticonvulsant drugs), and with the addition of anticonvulsants four had seizures reduced in frequency by 90% and 10 by 50-90%. The best results were obtained with astatic myoclonic and absence seizures, but control of seizures was improved in four children with tonic-clonic and three with complex partial seizures. Food given at the same time as MCT helped to reduce side effects, and an extra dose of MCT before bedtime improved control of nocturnal seizures.
40 Gbit/s dispersion managed soliton transmissionover 1160 km in standard fibre with 75 km span length (1999)

It is shown that in strongly dispersion managed high bit rate systems it is important to correctly choose the pulse launch position. Using this technique error free transmission has been achieved of a 40 Gbit/s 231–1 nonlinear RZ PRBS over 1160 km in a dispersion compensated standard fibre propagation experiment with a 75 km standard fibre span.
Comparison of Super Resolution Reconstruction Acquisition Geometries for Use in Mouse Phenotyping (2013)

3D isotropic imaging at high spatial resolution (30-100 microns) is important for comparing mouse phenotypes. 3D imaging at high spatial resolutions is limited by long acquisition times and is not possible in many in vivo settings. Super resolution reconstruction (SRR) is a postprocessing technique that has been proposed to improve spatial resolution in the slice-select direction using multiple 2D multislice acquisitions. Any 2D multislice acquisition can be used for SRR. In this study, the effects of using three different low-resolution acquisition geometries (orthogonal, rotational, and shifted) on SRR images were evaluated and compared to a known standard. Iterative back projection was used for the reconstruction of all three acquisition geometries. The results of the study indicate that super resolution reconstructed images based on orthogonally acquired low-resolution images resulted in reconstructed images with higher SNR and CNR in less acquisition time than those based on rotational and shifted acquisition geometries. However, interpolation artifacts were observed in SRR images based on orthogonal acquisition geometry, particularly when the slice thickness was greater than six times the inplane voxel size. Reconstructions based on rotational geometry appeared smoother than those based on orthogonal geometry, but they required two times longer to acquire than the orthogonal LR images.
Deactivation Pathways of Neutral Ni(II) Polymerization Catalysts (2009)

The novel dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)-coordinated complex [(N,O)Ni(CH(3))(DMSO)] {1-DMSO; (N,O) = kappa(2)-N,O-(2,6-(3,5-(F(3)C)(2)C(6)H(3))(2)C(6)H(3))-N=CH-(3,5-I(2)-2-OC(6)H(2))} was found to be a well-defined, very reactive precursor that enables direct observation of the activation and deactivation of neutral Ni(II) catalysts. Preparative reaction with ethylene afforded the ethyl complex [(N,O)Ni((alpha)CH(2)(beta)CH(3))(DMSO)] (2-DMSO). 2-DMSO is subject to interconversion of the (alpha)C and (beta)C moieties via an intermediate [(N,O)Ni(II)H(ethylene)] complex (this process is slow on the NMR time scale). Exposure of 1-DMSO to ethylene in DMSO solution at 55 degrees C results in partial reaction to form propylene (pseudo-first-order rate constant k(ins,Me) = 6.8 +/- 0.3 x 10(-4) s(-1) at an ethylene concentration of 0.15 M) and conversion to 2-DMSO, which catalyzes the conversion of ethylene to butenes. A relevant decomposition route of the catalyst precursor is the bimolecular elimination of ethane [DeltaH(double dagger) = (57 +/- 1) kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS(double dagger) = -(129 +/- 2) J mol(-1) K(-1) over the temperature range 55-80 degrees C]. This reaction is specific to the Ni(II)-Me complex; corresponding homocoupling of the higher Ni(II)-alkyls of the propagating species in catalytic C-C linkage of ethylene was not observed, but Ni(II)-Me reacted with Ni(II)-Et to form propane, as concluded from studies with 2-DMSO and its analogue that is perdeuterated in the Ni(II)-Et moiety. Under the reaction conditions of the aforementioned catalytic C-C linkage of ethylene, additional ethane evolves from the reaction of intermediate Ni(II)-Et with Ni(II)-H. This is independently supported by reaction of 2-DMSO with the separately prepared hydride complex [(N,O)NiH(PMe(3))] (3-PMe(3)) to afford ethane. Kinetic studies show this reaction to be bimolecular [DeltaH(double dagger) = (47 +/- 6) kJ mol(-1) and DeltaS(double dagger) = -(117 +/- 15) J mol(-1) K(-1) over the temperature range 6-35 degrees C]. In contrast to these reactions identified as decomposition routes, hydrolysis of Ni(II)-alkyls by added water (D(2)O; H(2)O) occurred only to a minor extent for the Ni(II)-Me catalyst precursor, and no clear evidence of hydrolysis was observed for higher Ni(II)-alkyls. The rate of the aforementioned insertion of ethylene in 1-DMSO and the rate of catalytic ethylene dimerization are not affected by the presence of water, indicating that water also does not compete significantly with the substrate for binding sites.
Two-path structurefor high performance sigma-delta modulators (1995)

A new parallel time-interleaved architecture for a two-path second-order switched-capacitor (SC) sigma-delta modulator is presented. This structure allows doubling of the oversampling sampling ratio (OSR) and, in addition, leaves an idle clock phase available for compensation of nonidealities. Simulations show that the presented architecture has a low sensitivity to path mismatch.
Optical Properties of Organic Film in a Coupled Microcavity (2007)

Great interest has been shown in the physics and applications of Fabry-Perot optical microcavity. The spontaneous emission properties of a light emitting material, such as spectrum shape and emission distribution, can be tailored in optical microcavities that have dimensions comparable to an optical wavelength. Up to now, many applications with one-dimensional microcavity structures have been reported, such as resonant light-emitting diodes, vertical-cavity surface emitting lasers and microcavity organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Microcavity OLEDs have shown abilities to reduce the emission bandwidth, improve the color purity, and increase luminous efficiency as compared to those of normal OLEDs. Coupled optical microcavity (CMC) is a structure consists of two or more planar Fabry-Perot microcavities that are coupled to each other. Lately, CMCs have been investigated to show very different emission characte-ristics compared with a single Fabry-Perot microcavity, which presents many potential applications, for instance highly selective wavelength filters, bistable devices, a range of optical and electro-optic switches. In this paper, spontaneous emission properties of a coupled optical microcavity based on an organic light emitting material have been studied under optical excitation for the first time. The structure of the CMC is glass/DBRA/filler/DBRB/tris(8-quinolinolato) aluminium (Alq3)/DBRC. The bottom cavity and top cavity were formed by DBRA/filler/DBRB and DBRB/Alq3/DBRC, respectively. Compared with a broadband spectrum of Alq3 film centered at 511 nm, spectral narrowing and intensity enhancement at the two cavity modes 518, 553 nm was observed in CMC. The results indicate that CMC structure can strongly modifies the spontaneous emission properties of organic material. The CMC structure may be used as an efficient approach of improving luminous efficiency and can be used to develop potential new type organic photoelectric devices.
Factor Graphs for Region-based Whole-scene Classification (2006)

Semantic scene classification is still a challenging problem in computer vision. In contrast to the common approach of using low-level features computed from the scene, our approach uses explicit semantic object detectors and scene configuration models. To overcome faulty semantic detectors, it is critical to develop a region-based, generative model of outdoor scenes based on characteristic objects in the scene and spatial relationships between them. Since a fully connected scene configuration model is intractable, we chose to model pairwise relationships between regions and estimate scene probabilities using loopy belief propagation on a factor graph. We demonstrate the promise of this approach on a set of over 2000 outdoor photographs, comparing it with existing discriminative approaches and those using low-level features.
Ultra-wide-band transmitter for low-power wireless body area networks: design and evaluation (2005)

The successful realization of a wireless body area network (WBAN) requires innovative solutions to meet the energy consumption budget of the autonomous sensor nodes. The radio interface is a major challenge, since its power consumption must be reduced below 100 /spl mu/W (energy scavenging limit). The emerging ultra-wide-band (UWB) technology shows strong advantages in reaching this target. First, most of the complexity of an UWB system is in the receiver, which is a perfect scenario in the WBAN context. Second, the very little hardware complexity of a UWB transmitter offers the potential for low-cost and highly integrated solutions. Finally, in a pulse-based UWB scheme, the transmitter can be duty-cycled at the pulse rate, thereby reducing the baseline power consumption. We present a low-power UWB transmitter that can be fully integrated in standard CMOS technology. Measured performances of a fully integrated pulse generator are provided, showing the potential of UWB for low power and low cost implementations. Finally, using a WBAN channel model, we present a comparison between our UWB solution and state-of-the-art low-power narrow-band implementations. This paper shows that UWB performs better in the short range due to a reduced baseline power consumption.
Hybrid integration of VCSELs to foundry fabricated smart pixels (1997)

An opto-electronic integrated circuit (OEIC) smart pixel is a structure composed of optical inputs and/or outputs interconnected to electronic processing circuitry. The optical I/O allows the data to be read in 2-D page oriented formats. This circumvents the bottlenecks in the electrical interconnections and improves speed by reducing the capacitance and inductance of the wirebonds. Recently, we have reported the successful hybrid integration of VCSELs to a foundry fabricated OEIC by flip-chip bump-bonding a back-emitting VCSEL array. In this paper we present the results of improved integration processing and VCSEL design that will increase yields and mechanical and electrical robustness. In addition, a new approach to bonding VCSELs directly to the smart pixels is presented.
Processing and optical properties of spin-coated polystyrene films containing CdS nanoparticles (1996)

The processing, microstructure and optical properties of CdS semiconductor nanoparticles sequestered in spin-coated polymer films has been investigated. A simple processing protocol has been developed to form thin film structures consisting of CdS nanoparticles dispersed in the interstices created by a close-packed stacking of polystyrene spheres. We have decoupled the synthesis of the CdS nanoparticles from the polymer matrix by synthesizing a colloidal suspension of CdS nanoparticles in water that is compatible with a polymer latex water suspension. In this way we are able to vary the CdS concentration in the polymer film over a wide range and create concentrations of quantum dot particles two orders of magnitude larger than those reported in previous work. In contrast to the conventional reaction synthesis of nanoparticles in a polymer matrix, the present method is versatile enough to create several useful thin film polymer–semiconductor structures using a straightforward, environment-friendly spin-coating technology.
[The anti-apoptotic effects of N-acetylcysteine in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes underwent hypoxia-reoxygenation injury]. (2010)

NAC significantly reduced apoptosis through inhibiting the phosphorylation of p38 signal pathway.
Visual Topography of Human Intraparietal Sulcus (2007)

Human parietal cortex is implicated in a wide variety of sensory and cognitive functions, yet its precise organization remains unclear. Visual field maps provide a potential structural basis for descriptions of functional organization. Here, we detail the topography of a series of five maps of the contralateral visual hemifield within human posterior parietal cortex. These maps are located along the medial bank of the intraparietal sulcus (IPS) and are revealed by direct visual stimulation during functional magnetic resonance imaging, allowing these parietal regions to be routinely and reliably identified simultaneously with occipital visual areas. Two of these maps (IPS3 and IPS4) are novel, whereas two others (IPS1 and IPS2) have previously been revealed only by higher-order cognitive tasks. Area V7, a previously identified visual map, is observed to lie within posterior IPS and to share a foveal representation with IPS1. These parietal maps are reliably observed across scan sessions; however, their precise topography varies between individuals. The multimodal organization of posterior IPS mirrors this variability in visual topography, with complementary tactile activations found immediately adjacent to the visual maps both medially and laterally. These visual maps may provide a practical framework in which to characterize the functional organization of human IPS.
Growth of Bedding Plants in Sphagnum Peat and Coir Dust-Based Substrates (1996)

Abstract Water-holding capacity of substrates increased as the proportion of sphagnum peat and coir increased, and coir-based substrates had greater water-holding capacities than comparable peat-based substrates. There were no significant differences between coir and peat-based substrates with respect to bulk density, percent pore space and percent solids. Air-filled pore space and water-filled pore space decreased and increased, respectively, as the proportion of peat and coir increased. ‘Pink Elite’ geranium plants grown in coir-based substrates had greater root fresh weights than those grown in sphagnum-peat based substrates. Greatest root fresh weight occurred in an 80% coir and 20% perlite substrate. Days to flower, height, shoot fresh weight and number of axillary shoots were not significantly different between substrates. ‘Janie Bright Yellow’ marigold and ‘Blue Lace Carpet’ petunia plants had increased heights and shoot fresh weights when grown in coir-based substrates as compared with sphagnum peat-based substrates. Greatest heights and shoot fresh weights of petunia and marigold occurred in an 80% coir and 20% perlite substrate. Days to flower were reduced for marigold plants grown in coir-based substrates.