gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Deep Learning Framework for Driving Behavior Identification on In-Vehicle CAN-BUS Sensor Data (2019)

Human driving behaviors are personalized and unique, and the automobile fingerprint of drivers could be helpful to automatically identify different driving behaviors and further be applied in fields such as auto-theft systems. Current research suggests that in-vehicle Controller Area Network-BUS (CAN-BUS) data can be used as an effective representation of driving behavior for recognizing different drivers. However, it is difficult to capture complex temporal features of driving behaviors in traditional methods. This paper proposes an end-to-end deep learning framework by fusing convolutional neural networks and recurrent neural networks with an attention mechanism, which is more suitable for time series CAN-BUS sensor data. The proposed method can automatically learn features of driving behaviors and model temporal features without professional knowledge in features modeling. Moreover, the method can capture salient structure features of high-dimensional sensor data and explore the correlations among multi-sensor data for rich feature representations of driving behaviors. Experimental results show that the proposed framework performs well in the real world driving behavior identification task, outperforming the state-of-the-art methods.
A PMOS-switch based charge pump, allowing lost cost implementation on a CMOS standard process (2005)

A 4-phase charge pump based on the low-voltage PMOS switching circuitry has been implemented in a 0.18/spl mu/m CMOS standard process, without any additional masking and process steps. The use of low-voltage PMOS switches overcomes the intrinsic limitations of high voltage NMOS devices such as: poor drive, large parasitic capacitance, threshold voltage sensitivity to body bias and temperature. Using the proposed circuitry, up to 14v output voltage has been measured on a 11-stage implementation powered at 1.2v, resulting in 97% of Vdd average gain per stage with capacitive loading only. In addition, nearly temperature independent efficiency of 53% has been measured on an extended Vdd range, for different current loads.
The mechanism of action of the optical enantiomers of verapamil against ischaemia‐induced arrhythmias in the conscious rat (1986)

The actions of (-)-verapamil (0.2-6 mg kg-1) and (+)-verapamil (0.4-12 mg kg-1) against arrhythmias induced by coronary artery occlusion were studied in conscious rats. Intravenously administered (-)- and (+)-verapamil dose-dependently reduced ventricular arrhythmias. (-)-Verapamil was consistently 4 times more potent than (+)-verapamil. In the same animals, (-)-verapamil was approximately 4 times more potent than (+)-verapamil for effects on heart rate and blood pressure. Both enantiomers prolonged P-R interval, but had no effect on QRS interval. In separate groups of conscious rats, neither enantiomer influenced the threshold voltage and pulse width required to elicit fibrillo-flutter, or altered the maximum following frequency, during electrical stimulation of the left ventricle. In isolated, paced, Langendorff-perfused ventricles of the rat, both enantiomers dose-dependently reduced contractility, (-)-verapamil being 8-21 times more potent than (+)-verapamil; both absolute and relative potencies were dependent on potassium concentration. These results are compatible with the hypothesis that calcium antagonism in the ischaemic ventricular myocardium is antiarrhythmic during acute myocardial ischaemia.
A novel dehydrofluorination of 2-(trifluoromethyl)dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylates to 2-(difluoromethyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylates (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA novel dehydrofluorination of 2-(trifluoromethyl)dihydro-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylates to 2-(difluoromethyl)-3,5-pyridinedicarboxylatesLen F. Lee, Gina L. Stikes, John M. Molyneaux, Y. Larry Sing, John P. Chupp, and Scott S. WoodardCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1990, 55, 9, 2872–2877Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1990https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00296a058RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views250Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (801 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
New CMOS high-speed, high-accuracy auto-zero comparator design based on symmetric cross-coupled concepts (1990)

A new design of CMOS comparator, based on standard auto-zero techniques, is presented. The amplifier offset and the clock feed-through offset of the switches are cancelled using a fully symmetric design and layout. Speed and accuracy improvments are gained from using a cross-coupled capacitor configuration.
Small- and large-plaque variants of Chikungunya virus in two vertebrate and seven invertebrate cell lines. (1975)

Nine cells lines--BHK-21, Vero, Aedes albopictus, A. aegypti (monolayer and howwow vesicles), A. w-albus, A. vittatus, Anopheles stephensi and Culex quinquefasciatus--were infected with small- and large-plaque (SP, LP) variants of chikungunya virus. Ross strain, and incubated at different temperatures. In the Aedes (29 plus or minus 1 degrees C) and the vertebrate cell lines (36 degrees C), infectivity titers of extracellular virus rapidly reached a peak; cytopathic effect (CPE) occurred only in the latter. In Anopheles cells (29 plus or minus 1 degrees C), infectivity titers increased very slowly to a peak at 10 days post-inoculation (p.i.); in Culex cells (29 plus or minus 1 degrees C or room temperature), persistence of virus only or no multiplication was observed. In infected A. albopictus, A. aegypti and A. w-albus carrier cultures, the SP variant continued to resemble the original stock virus in terms of mouse pathogenicity and plaque morphology in Vero cells, but the LP variant tended to modify toward the SP variant.
Conversion of Solar to Electrical Energy (1957)

A photovoltaic device has been developed which converts solar radiation directly into electrical energy with an over-all efficiency of 11%. This consists of a p-n junction formed by gaseous diffusion near the front surface of a silicon plate. In full sunlight a single cell furnishes approximately 30 ma of short circuit current per square centimeter of surface, 0.6 v of open circuit voltage, and 12 mw of power into a matched load per square centimeter of surface. Like other electric batteries, individual cells may be connected in series or parallel to obtain an increase in terminal voltage or current. The spectral response is a maximum near 0.7 µ, and the long wavelength cutoff is at approximately 1.1 µ. The efficiency of this new silicon p-n junction photovoltaic cell is greater by a factor of 20 than that previously reported for other types of photocells and makes the conversion of the sun's energy directly into electricity possible for a number of interesting applications. A Bell System field trial at Americus, Georgia, in which solar batteries are used to power a rural carrier telephone communication system, is described. A number of other possible applications for this new solar energy converter are discussed.
Paucity of HPV-Related Head and Neck Cancers (HNC) in Nigeria (2016)

We were unable to detect HPV in any of the HNC samples in our study. Our result may suggest that there is a low prevalence of HPV-related HNC among the adult population in Nigeria. Our results provide a benchmark to compare future incidence of HPV -related HNC in this community in future. We had significant analytical challenges from possible poor tissue processing and urge that future studies should prospectively collect samples and ensure high quality sample processing.
THE MYSTERIOUS CASE OF THE ARCHETYPAL LIBRARIAN (1988)

I expect many librarians would sympathise with Mr Lee's predicament. As a profession, we are trying to create a sparkling, technological image. In contrast, public conceptions of librarians tend to remain embedded within what might be called the book stamping paradigm. The senior library assistant in Between the Stacks (a satirical novel about library life), shows that he has his finger on the pulse of public opinion, when he says:
Metabolism of vitamin B6 in rat liver mitochondria. (1981)

The capacity of rat liver mitochondria to transport and metabolize B6 compounds has been studied. In B6-sufficient rats, 20% of the B6 content in liver is located in mitochondria. The ratio of pyridoxal-P to pyridoxamine-P in isolated mitochondria is increased with 2-oxoglutarate as substrate and decreased with glutamate. Isolated mitochondria contain pyridoxal-P(pyridoxamine-P) hydrolase activity in the intermembranous space. They exhibit no pyridoxal kinase activity and less than 5% of the pyridoxamine-P(pyridoxine-P) oxidase activity in cytosol and cannot synthesize pyridoxal-P or pyridoxamine-P from pyridoxine, pyridoxal, or pyridoxine-P. When isolated hepatocytes are incubated with [14C]pyridoxine, [14C]pyridoxal-P synthesized in the cytosol is taken up by mitochondria at a rate approximating linearity. Additionally, as reflected by the lower specific radioactivity of [14C]pyridoxal-P in mitochondria than that in cytosol, the extent of mixing of newly synthesized and endogenous pools of pyridoxal-P in these subcellular compartments is heterogeneous. When cytosol from hepatocytes incubated with [14C]pyridoxine is dialyzed to equilibrium, a dialyzable pool of [14C]pyridoxal-P with specific radioactivity similar to that of the added [14C]pyridoxine is identified. It appears that pyridoxal-P from this newly synthesized pool is preferentially transported into mitochondria or secreted and degraded by hepatocytes.
Blockade of Adrenergic and Cholinergic Transmissions by Tetramethylpyrazine (1981)

The pharmacological actions of an amide alkaloid, tetramethylpyrazine (TMPZ), isolated from the stem of Jatropha podagrica HOOK (Euphorbiaceae) have been investigated on the electrically-evoked contractions, relaxations and twitches of some cholinergically- and adrenergically-innervated muscle preparations in vitro and in vivo. The amide alkaloid depressed or abolished the electrically-evoked contractions of the chick oesophagus, rabbit duodenum and guinea-pig vas deferens in vitro. Tetramethylpyrazine also inhibited or abolished the indirect electrically-induced twitches of the rat isolated hemidiaphragm, or the contractions of the cat nictitating membrane evoked by pre-ganglionic cervial sympathetic nerve electrical stimulation in vivo. Moreover, TMPZ prevented or reversed the high frequency electrical stimulation-induced relaxations of the rabbit isolated duodenum. These results were taken to imply blocking actions of the amide alkaloid at the cholinergic and adrenergic neuro-effector junctions, the neuro-muscular junction, and at the ganglia (presumably indicating blockade of peripheral cholinergic and adrenergic transmissions).
Preserving New York (2013)

Preserving New York is the largely unknown inspiring story of the origins of New York City’s nationally acclaimed landmarks law. The decades of struggle behind the law, its intellectual origins, the men and women who fought for it, the forces that shaped it, and the buildings lost and saved on the way to its ultimate passage, span from 1913 to 1965. Intended for the interested public as well as students of New York City history, architecture, and preservation itself, over 100 illustrations help reveal a history richer and more complex than the accepted myth that the landmarks law sprang from the wreckage of the great Pennsylvania Station. Images include those by noted historic photographers as well as those from newspaper accounts of the time. Forgotten civic leaders such as Albert S. Bard and lost buildings including the Brokaw Mansions, are unveiled in an extensively researched narrative bringing this essential episode in New York’s history to future generations tasked with protecting the city’s landmarks. For the first time, the story of how New York won the right to protect its treasured buildings, neighborhoods and special places is brought together to enjoy, inform, and inspire all who love New York.
X‐chromosome inactivation in development and cancer (2014)

X-chromosome inactivation represents an epigenetics paradigm and a powerful model system of facultative heterochromatin formation triggered by a non-coding RNA, Xist, during development. Once established, the inactive state of the Xi is highly stable in somatic cells, thanks to a combination of chromatin associated proteins, DNA methylation and nuclear organization. However, sporadic reactivation of X-linked genes has been reported during ageing and in transformed cells and disappearance of the Barr body is frequently observed in cancer cells. In this review we summarise current knowledge on the epigenetic changes that accompany X inactivation and discuss the extent to which the inactive X chromosome may be epigenetically or genetically perturbed in breast cancer.
{Re<sup>III</sup>Cl<sub>3</sub>} Core Complexes with Bifunctional Single Amino Acid Chelates (2002)

The reactions of the Re(V) starting material [ReO(PPh(3))(2)Cl(3)] with ligands of the type XN(Y)Z [X = Y = 2-pyridylmethyl, Z = -CH(2)CO(2)Et (L(1)Et), -CH(2)CH(2)CO(2)Et (L(2)Et), -CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)CH(2)CH(NHCO(2)Bu(t))CO(2)H (L(3)H); X = 2-pyridylmethyl, Y = 2-(1-methylimidazolyl)methyl, Z = -CH(2)CO(2)Et (L(4)Et)] yielded the Re(III) trichloride complexes of the type [ReCl(3)(L(n)R)]. The complexes are mononuclear, paramagnetic species with a facial geometry of the chloride ligands. The nitrogen donors of the tridentate L(n)()R ligands complete the distorted octahedral coordination spheres of the complexes. Crystal data: [ReCl(3)(L(1)Et)] (1), monoclinic, C2/m, a = 16.088(3) A, b = 9.980(2) A, c = 12.829(2) A, beta = 91.384(3) degrees, Z = 4, D(calc) = 1.967 g/cm(-)(3); [ReCl(3)(L(4)Et)] (4), monoclinic, C2/c, a = 22.880(1) A, b = 7.4926(4) A, c = 22.560(1) A, beta = 94.186(1) degrees, Z = 8, D(calc) = 2.001 g/cm(-3).
Protein-Bound Uremic Toxins: New Insight from Clinical Studies (2011)

The uremic syndrome is attributed to the progressive retention of a large number of compounds which, under normal conditions, are excreted by healthy kidneys. The compounds are called uremic toxins when they interact negatively with biological functions. The present review focuses on a specific class of molecules, namely the family of protein-bound uremic toxins. Recent experimental studies have shown that protein-bound toxins are involved not only in the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), but also in the generation and aggravation of cardiovascular disease. Two protein-bound uremic retention solutes, namely indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate, have been shown to play a prominent role. However, although these two molecules belong to the same class of molecules, exert toxic effects on the cardiovascular system in experimental animals, and accumulate in the serum of patients with CKD they may have different clinical impacts in terms of cardiovascular disease and other complications. The principal aim of this review is to evaluate the effect of p-cresyl sulfate and indoxyl sulfate retention on CKD patient outcomes, based on recent clinical studies.
Melanocortins in the Treatment of Male and Female Sexual Dysfunction (2007)

Melanocortinergic agents are currently being investigated for a possible therapeutic role in male and female sexual dysfunction. These investigations were sparked by findings that systemic administration of a synthetic analog of alpha-MSH, MT-II, causes penile erections in a variety of species, including humans. Several other melanocortinergic agents including HP-228, THIQ, and bremelanotide (PT-141) have since been shown to have erectogenic properties thought to be due to binding to melanocortin receptors in the central nervous system, particularly the hypothalamus. Bremelanotide, a nasally administered synthetic peptide, is the only melanocortinergic agent that has been clinically studied in both males and females. Data from Phase II clinical trials of bremelanotide support the use of melanocortin-based therapy for erectile dysfunction. Studies using animal models have demonstrated that pre-copulatory behaviors in female rats analogous to sexual arousal are evoked, and preliminary clinical data also suggest a role in promoting sexual desire and arousal in women. Based on bremelanotide clinical experience, administration of a melanocortin agonist is well tolerated and not associated the hypotension observed with phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors currently used to treat erectile dysfunction. This review discusses investigations of melanocortin agonists for the treatment of sexual dysfunction with emphasis on proposed sites and mechanisms of action in the central nervous system that appear to be involved in melanocortinergic modulation of sexual function. Current research validates use of melanocortinergic agents for the treatment of both male and female sexual dysfunction.
THE GENERAL INFLUENCE OF STUDIES (1938)

R ésumé LES INFLUENCES GÉNÉRALES DE L'ÉTUDE DES DIFFÉRENTES BRANCHES. Les influences exercées par l'étude des différentes branches sont inextricablement emmêlées, mais on peut, puisque c'est plus commode, les diviser en deux classes: l'une “spécifique” consiste en une connaissance de, et un intérêt à, ces branches; l'autre “générale” en une réalisation, en partie ou entièrement consciente, du fait que quelquesunes entre elles ont la même “forme,” ce qui peut conduire à l'emploi des mêmes méthodes en les traitant. L'on considère, et rejette, des raisons, avancées quelquefois, pour attribuer cette influence “générale” à l'existence d'éléments objectifs (ou subjectifs) identiques. L'on soutient l'emploi du terme “transfer of training.” L'on examine les facteurs qui favorisent le développement d'influences “générales” avantageuses dans une liaison étroite et prolongée avec des influences “spécifiques” définies, par rapport à des plans d'études convenant à des élevés qui doivent quitter l'école secondaire à dix‐huit ans. Z usammenfassung DER ALLGEMEINE EINFLUSS VON STUDIEN. Die von Studien ausgeübten Einflüsse sind untrennbar ineinander verwoben, aber aus Zweckmässigkeitsgründen kann man sie in zwei Gattungen teilen: die eine, “spezifische,” besteht aus Vertrautheit und Interesse; die andere, “allgemeine,” besteht aus einer zum Teil oder vollends bewussten Anerkennung, dass das Studium oft dieselbe “Form” hat; dies kann zur Aufnahme derselben Methoden führen, wenn man sich mit Studien befasst. Die Gründe, die man oft angibt, wenn man diesen “allgemeinen” Einfluss dem Vorhandensein “identischer objektiver (oder subjektiver) Elemente” beimisst, werden in Betracht gezogen und abgelehnt. Der Gebrauch des Ausdrucks “Formaldisziplin” wird verteidigt. Die Faktoren, die der Entwicklung nützlicher “allgemeiner” Einflüsse günstig sind, lange eng verbunden mit bestimmten “spezifischen” Einflüssen, werden mit Bezug auf Lehrpläne für Kinder, die die höhere Schule mit 18 Jahren verlassen, in Betracht gezogen.
Total Synthesis of (±)-Rocaglamide via Oxidation-Initiated Nazarov Cyclization (2012)

This article describes the evolution of a Nazarov cyclization-based synthetic strategy targeting the anticancer, antiinflammatory, and insecticidal natural product (±)-rocaglamide. Initial pursuit of a polarized heteroaromatic Nazarov cyclization to construct the congested cyclopentane core revealed an unanticipated electronic bias in the pentadienyl cation. This reactivity was harnessed in a successful second-generation approach using an oxidation-initiated Nazarov cyclization of a heteroaryl alkoxyallene. Full details of these two approaches are given, as well as the characterization of undesired reaction pathways available to the Nazarov cyclization product. A sequence of experiments that led to an understanding of the unexpected reactivity of this key intermediate is described, which culminated in the successful total synthesis of (+)-rocaglamide.
GbPDF1 Is Involved in Cotton Fiber Initiation via the Core cis-Element HDZIP2ATATHB2   (2011)

Cotton (Gossypium spp.) fiber cells are seed trichomes derived from the epidermal layer of the cotton seed coat. The molecular components responsible for regulating fiber cell differentiation have not been fully elucidated. A cotton PROTODERMAL FACTOR1 gene (GbPDF1) was found to be expressed preferentially during fiber initiation and early elongation, with highest accumulation in fiber cells 5 d post anthesis. PDF1 silencing caused retardation of fiber initiation and produced shorter fibers and lower lint percentage compared with the wild type, indicating that the gene is required for cotton fiber development. Further analysis showed that a higher accumulation of hydrogen peroxide occurred in the RNA interference transgenic cotton lines. Meanwhile, the expression of several genes related to ethylene and pectin synthesis or sugar transport during cotton fiber growth was found to be significantly reduced in the PDF1-suppressed cotton. Three proteins interacting with GbPDF1 in yeast and in planta might involve cellular signaling or metabolism. GbPDF1 promoter::GUS constructs in transgenic cotton were predominantly expressed in the epidermis of ovules and developing fibers. Progressive deletions of the GbPDF1 promoter showed that a 236-bp promoter fragment was sufficient for basal GbPDF1 transcription in cotton. Mutation of putative regulatory sequences showed that HDZIP2ATATHB2, an element within the fragment, was essential for PGbPDF1-1 expression. The binding activity between this cis-element and nuclear extracts from fiber-bearing cotton ovules at 5 d post anthesis was specific. We conclude that GbPDF1 plays a critical role together with interaction partners in hydrogen peroxide homeostasis and steady biosynthesis of ethylene and pectin during fiber development via the core cis-element HDZIP2ATATHB2.
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Impaired Glucose Tolerance During Pregnancy: Long-Term Effects on Obesity and Glucose Tolerance in the Offspring (1985)

The effects of disturbances in carbohydrate metabolism during gestation were studied in the offspring of 1049 Pima Indian women who had no previous diagnosis of diabetes. Rates of fetal and maternal complications of pregnancy among women with diabetes first diagnosed during the pregnancy were similar to those among women in whom diabetes was recognized before gestation. Offspring, aged 5-19 yr, of women with abnormal glucose tolerance during pregnancy had a higher mean percent desirable weight and a higher mean postchallenge plasma glucose concentration than did offspring of women with normal glucose tolerance. Percent desirable weight and glucose concentration, however, were both lower than found in offspring of women with diabetes diagnosed before the pregnancy. Thus, metabolic events during pregnancy, as indicated by the detection of abnormal glucose tolerance during gestation, appear to have long-term effects on obesity and glucose tolerance in the offspring.