gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>Not</i>I linking/jumping clones of human chromosome 3: mapping of the TFRC, RAB7 and HAUSP genes to regions rearranged in leukemia and deleted in solid tumors (1997)

By applying the 'recognition mask' strategy to 300 mammalian sequences containing NotI sites we demonstrated that 5' ends of genes are highly enriched in NotI sites. A NotI linking clone NL2-252 (D3S1678) containing transferrin receptor (TFRC) gene was used as an initial point for chromosomal jumping. One of the jumping clones, J21-045 traverses 210 kbp and links NL2-252 to NL26 (D3S1632), a NotI linking clone containing highly polymorphic sequences. The TFRC gene was mapped to 3q29, close to the telomeric marker D3S2344, by linkage analysis, a panel of hybrid cell lines, GeneBridge 4 panel and FISH. Clone NLM-007 (D3S4302) was found to contain ras-homologous gene RAB7. By FISH and a panel of hybrid cell lines this gene was mapped to 3q21. This region is of particular interest due to frequent rearrangements in different types of leukemia. Clone L2-081 (D3S4283) containing new member of ubiquitin-specific proteases (HAUSP gene) was localized in 3p21 inspiring further investigation of involvement of this gene in development of lung and renal carcinomas.
[Spanish disinfectants for the 21st century]. (2000)

There are two chemical disinfectants patents from Spain that permit to obtain advantageous products on other disinfectants: Nduopropenide (two iodures of quaternary ammonium) and "Peroxidine" (hydrogen peroxide that active to lactic acid and a surfactant mixture). The first product is used as an antiseptic or disinfectant, but the second, only act as disinfectant. DISINFECTION: It is studied (by germ-carrier methods), the microbicide effect on different microorganisms (Gram positive cocci, Gram negative bacilli, fungus, Mycobacteria and B subtilis spores), comparing these two products with different disinfectants as 2% glutaraldehyde, 1/8 phenate-glutaraldehyde, peracetic acid compounds, 11% oxygen peroxide and 2% sodium hypoclorite. It is obtained that 1/4 Peroxidine in 5 minutes or 1/6 Peroxidine in 10 minutes, are the most effective disinfectant on all microorganisms used (includes the most resistant) since it produces destruction of 4 log-10 of spores and 5 log-10 of Mycobacteria. Moreover, it can destroy, completely, the inoculum of commercial spores, routinely used for sterilization process evaluation, in 20 minutes, when 2% glutaraldehyd needs 3-10 hours. ANTISEPSIE: It is studied the "hygienization" and surgical handwashing with Nduopropenide solution, in comparison with classical washing methods (neutral soap in routinely handwashing and 5% chlorhexidine or 10% iodine-povidone in surgical washing): 1) Nduopropenide and alcohol solution is more effective that routinely handwashing. 2) This product is more effective and persistent, after surgical washing that chlorhexidine or iodine-povidone. Moreover, it does not must be applied with brush. 3) The mixture Nduopropenide and chlorhexidine makes a synergy, then it can be used in hand or skin washing, on heath personnel or patient people, being advantageous on the other products.
Fabrication of submicrometer freestanding single-crystal gallium arsenide and silicon structures for quantum transport studies (1988)

Freestanding wires of submicrometer width and with lengths up to 40 μm have been fabricated from single-crystal GaAs and Si for studies of quantum transport. Fabrication techniques are described, and the low-temperature properties for semiconductors and metals such as AuPd are compared. Fabrication of three-terminal freestanding GaAs metal–semiconductor field effect transistor structures is demonstrated.
Facing the tiger (2013)

Being told you have prostate cancer is for most men, and those close to them, an experience they will never forget. At that moment, the world seems changed. The things that you may have taken for granted are now at threat. While health care professionals and others around you may honestly express their concern and sympathy, this can be a singularly lonely and distressing time.
ChemInform Abstract: CYCLOTETRAMERIZATION OF 2‐DIMETHYLAMINO‐4‐TERT.‐BUTYLPYRROLE, THE TETRA‐TERT.‐BUTYLPORPHYRINS (1974)

Abstract Die säurekatalysierte Cyclotetramerisierung der Titelverbindung (I) führt zu einem Gemisch aller 4 isomeren Tetra‐tert‐butylporphyrine (IIa), (IIb), (IIIa) und (IIIb), . die getrennt und in reiner Form isoliert werden können.
Facilitation of Saccades Toward a Covertly Attended Location in Early Infancy (1994)

Covert shifts of visual attention may be demonstrated in both adult and infant subjects by facilitation of reaction times to make a saccade to a previously cued location However, this facilitation may be interpreted in terms of a direct effect on the eye movement system In the present experiment, we attempted to train 4-month-old infants to make a saccade in the location opposite from that in which a cue appeared Following such training, we examined the reaction time to occasional probe targets that appeared in the same location as the cue Infants were faster to respond to a target in this location than they were to respond to it either in the training (expected) location or in baseline trials We interpret the results as providing further evidence for covert shifts of attention in 4-month-old infants, and suggest that the effects of covert shifts of attention on the eye movement system are independent of those from sequence learning
Influence of the <b>A</b>-Ring on the Redox and Nuclease Properties of the Prodigiosins:  Importance of the Bipyrrole Moiety in Oxidative DNA Cleavage (2002)

Prodigiosin (Prod, 1) is the parent member of a class of polypyrrole natural products that exhibit promising immunosuppressive and cytotoxic activity. They can facilitate copper-promoted oxidative double-strand (ds) DNA cleavage through reductive activation of Cu(II). This is triggered by oxidation of the electron-rich Prod molecule and may provide a basis for the cytotoxicity of the prodigiosins. To gain an understanding of this activity, we prepared several Prod analogues with various A-ring systems to examine their electrochemical properties in acetonitrile (MeCN) as a means to establish a basis for structure-reactivity relationships in copper-promoted nuclease activity. The intact bipyrrole (BP) chromophore is critical for the copper-mediated nuclease properties of the Prods. In fact, simple BP systems are shown to facilitate oxidative single-strand (ss) DNA cleavage. Replacement of the Prod A-pyrrole ring with alternative arenes (phenyl, furan-2-yl, or thiophen-2-yl) inhibits DNA strand scission and raises the half-peak oxidation potential (E(p/2)) of the Prod free base [E(p/2) = 0.44 V vs saturated calomel electrode (SCE) in MeCN] by ca. 200 mV. The same effect was achieved through attachment of an electron-withdrawing group (acetyl) at the 5'-position of the A-pyrrole ring. The structural modifications that inhibit DNA cleavage correlate with known structure-reactivity relationships of Prods against leukemia and melanoma cancer cells. The implications of our findings with regard to the cytotoxicity of the Prods are discussed.
Large numbers of random point and cluster mutations within the adenovirus VA I gene allow characterization of sequences required for efficient transcription (1987)

We have isolated clones with well over 100 randomly dispersed point mutations distributed throughout the 5' half of chemically synthesized adenovirus type 2 VA I genes. In addition, we have isolated clusters of mutations targeted to the regions corresponding to the A and B block consensus sequences of eukaryotic tRNA and adenovirus VA genes. In vitro analyses of these constructs have allowed us to survey in detail the importance of DNA sequence to transcriptional efficiency. Our analyses demonstrate that certain constructs with radically substituted A block regions can be transcribed efficiently. In contrast, there is little tolerance for variation in the sequence within the B block region. We propose that the B block sequence should be R-G-A/T-T-C-R-A-N-N-C for optimal transcriptional efficiency of the VA I gene in mammalian cells.
Super directive sensor array with neural network structure (1992)

A sensor array system with a neural network structure that realizes superdirectivity characteristics is introduced. The fundamental array system adopted is a three-layered neural network. It is, of course, a nonlinear system. Generally the nonlinearity causes undesirable distortions. However the nonlinearity is used positively to realize superdirectivity, which is unrealizable by a linear array system. A novel network structure is proposed to prevent nonlinear distortions of the desired signal. Computer simulation to test the performance of the proposed system has been performed, and results show that the system works well and the directivity is much sharper than that of a linear system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Binding of the Mannose-Specific Lectin, Griffithsin, to HIV-1 gp120 Exposes the CD4-Binding Site (2011)

The glycans on HIV-1 gp120 play an important role in shielding neutralization-sensitive epitopes from antibody recognition. They also serve as targets for lectins that bind mannose-rich glycans. In this study, we investigated the interaction of the lectin griffithsin (GRFT) with HIV-1 gp120 and its effects on exposure of the CD4-binding site (CD4bs). We found that GRFT enhanced the binding of HIV-1 to plates coated with anti-CD4bs antibodies b12 and b6 or the CD4 receptor mimetic CD4-IgG2. The average enhancement of b12 or b6 binding was higher for subtype B viruses than for subtype C, while for CD4-IgG2, it was similar for both subtypes, although lower than observed with antibodies. This GRFT-mediated enhancement of HIV-1 binding to b12 was reflected in synergistic neutralization for 2 of the 4 viruses tested. The glycan at position 386, which shields the CD4bs, was involved in both GRFT-mediated enhancement of binding and neutralization synergism between GRFT and b12. Although GRFT enhanced CD4bs exposure, it simultaneously inhibited ligand binding to the coreceptor binding site, suggesting that GRFT-dependent enhancement and neutralization utilize independent mechanisms. This study shows for the first time that GRFT interaction with gp120 exposes the CD4bs through binding the glycan at position 386, which may have implications for how to access this conserved site.
Speechdat multilingual speech databases for teleservices: across the finish line (1999)

A new method for speech enhancement based on optimal filtering, subbands, and higher-order cumulants is proposed in this paper. The key idea is to use the 4th cumulant to estimate the parameters required for the enhancement filters: It is shown that the kurtosis of noisy speech may be used to estimate the SNR and the probability of speech presence when speech is divided in narrow bands and modeled as a sinusoidal signal. The resulting algorithm is tested in typical mobile noise conditions and proves effective under such types as street, office and fan noises. Compared to the TIA IS-127 standard for noise reduction, the proposed algorithm is better at preserving the harmonic structure of the speech and results in overall more noise reduction in Gaussian-like conditions. However, this comes at the cost of slightly more noise artifact, mostly at very low SNR and non-Gaussian conditions.
Reentrant signaling among simulated neuronal groups leads to coherency in their oscillatory activity. (1989)

Recent experiments have revealed tightly synchronized oscillatory discharges in local assemblies of cortical neurons as well as phase coherency of oscillations at distant cortical sites. These findings are consistent with the theory of neuronal group selection, a population theory of brain function that is based on the properties of local groups of neurons. A set of computer simulations shows that cooperative interactions within and among neuronal groups can generate the observed phenomena. In the simulations, oscillations within neuronal groups are generated through local excitatory and inhibitory interactions. Different groups in general oscillate in an uncorrelated fashion. Coherency of the oscillatory activity of different neuronal groups depends crucially on reciprocal reentrant signaling and can reflect the spatial continuity of a stimulus. Separated or discontinuous features of a given stimulus can be transiently associated in a temporally coherent pattern through reentrant signaling between groups in networks responding to different aspects of that stimulus. A simulation of reentrant activity between arrays of neuronal groups selective for oriented lines and pattern motion displays cross-correlations between groups that are responsive to different parts of a stimulus contour if these parts move together. Such coherency among neuronal groups might be used in the discrimination of a stimulus from other stationary or differentially moving elements in a visual scene.
Learning to Retrieve Reasoning Paths over Wikipedia Graph for Question Answering (2019)

Answering questions that require multi-hop reasoning at web-scale necessitates retrieving multiple evidence documents, one of which often has little lexical or semantic relationship to the question. This paper introduces a new graph-based recurrent retrieval approach that learns to retrieve reasoning paths over the Wikipedia graph to answer multi-hop open-domain questions. Our retriever model trains a recurrent neural network that learns to sequentially retrieve evidence paragraphs in the reasoning path by conditioning on the previously retrieved documents. Our reader model ranks the reasoning paths and extracts the answer span included in the best reasoning path. Experimental results show state-of-the-art results in three open-domain QA datasets, showcasing the effectiveness and robustness of our method. Notably, our method achieves significant improvement in HotpotQA, outperforming the previous best model by more than 14 points.
Developing S-phase control (2012)

The duration of S phase in early embryos is often short, and then increases as development proceeds because of the appearance of late-replicating regions of the genome. In the April 1, 2012, issue of Genes & Development, Farrell and colleagues (pp. 714-725) demonstrate that the down-regulation of cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) activity triggers the onset of late-replicating DNA and an increase in S-phase length in Drosophila embryos, revealing an unexpected role for Cdk1 in replication control during development.
Neurological Complications of Chlamydial Infections: Case Report and Review (1997)

We describe a patient with Chlamydia pneumoniae infection who presented with cerebellar dysfunction, followed by respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation. C. pneumoniae is an important respiratory pathogen, and other clinical manifestations, including neurological syndromes, are being increasingly recognized. Meningoencephalitis and other neurological complications have also been described in patients with infections due to Chlamydia psittaci and Chlamydia trachomatis. Chlamydial infections should be included in the differential diagnosis of neurological syndromes, including cerebellar dysfunction.
Genome‐wide expression and copy number analysis identifies driver genes in gingivobuccal cancers (2011)

The molecular mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of gingivobuccal complex (GBC) cancers-a sub-site of oral cancer, comprising the buccal mucosa, the gingivobuccal sulcus, the lower gingival region, and the retromolar trigone-remain poorly understood. Identifying the GBC cancer-related gene expression signature and the driver genes residing on the altered chromosomal regions is critical for understanding the molecular basis of its pathogenesis. Genome-wide expression profiling of 27 GBC cancers with known chromosomal alterations was performed to reveal differentially expressed genes. Putative driver genes were identified by integrating copy number and gene expression data. A total of 315 genes were found differentially expressed (P ≤ 0.05, logFC > 2.0) of which 11 genes were validated by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase-PCR (qRT-PCR) in tumors (n = 57) and normal GBC tissues (n = 18). Overexpression of LY6K, in chromosome band 8q24.3, was validated by immunohistochemical (IHC) analysis. We found that 78.5% (2,417/3,079) of the genes located in regions of recurrent chromosomal alterations show copy number dependent expression indicating that copy number alteration has a direct effect on global gene expression. The integrative analysis revealed BIRC3 in 11q22.2 as a candidate driver gene associated with poor clinical outcome. Our study identified previously unreported differentially expressed genes in a homogeneous subtype of oral cancer and the candidate driver genes that may contribute to the development and progression of the disease. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Organosilicon platforms: bridging homogeneous, heterogeneous, and bioinspired catalysis (2014)

Organosilicon compounds, in the form of cubic metallasiloxanes, cage-like silsesquioxanes, macromolecular nanocages, and flexible structures such as dendrimers and linear metallsiloxanes, have found useful applications as catalysts, ligands for metal complexes, and catalyst supports. Illustrative examples of these are presented. The well-defined structures of these compounds make them particularly suitable as molecular analogues of zeolites or silica-supported catalysts. A unique feature of many of these compounds is the presence of flexible siloxane bonds, which accommodate large fluctuations in the framework geometry, reminiscent of the adaptability of enzymes to conformational changes, and distinguish siloxane containing materials from carbon based synthetic materials. New preparative pathways and the use of the versatile silyl ester as a protection group have greatly expanded synthetic possibilities, pointing to the possibility of assembling these structures to form multifunctional catalytic structures. Some nanocage structures, with functionalities organized in close proximity, exhibit nanoconfinement effects.
Modern Potentiometry (2007)

For most chemists, potentiometry with ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) primarily means pH measurements with a glass electrode. Those interested in clinical analysis might know that ISEs, routinely used for the determination of blood electrolytes, have a market size comparable to that of glass electrodes. It is even less well known that potentiometry went through a silent revolution during the past decade. The lower detection limit and the discrimination of interfering ions (the selectivity coefficients) have been improved in many cases by factors up to 10(6) and 10(10), respectively, thus allowing their application in fields such as environmental trace analysis and potentiometric biosensing. The determination of complex formation constants for lipophilic hosts and ionic guests is also covered in this Minireview.
Thiorphan, a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor used for diarrhoea, is neuroprotective in newborn mice (2006)

Excitotoxic damage appears to be a critical factor in the formation of perinatal brain lesions associated with cerebral palsy (CP). When injected into newborn mice, the glutamatergic analogue, ibotenate, produces cortical lesions and white matter cysts that mimic human perinatal brain lesions. Neuropeptides are neuronal activity modulators and could therefore modulate glutamate-induced lesions. However, neuropeptides are rapidly degraded by peptidases. Racecadotril, which is rapidly metabolized to its active metabolite thiorphan, is a neutral endopeptidase (NEP) inhibitor used in clinical practice for diarrhoea with a remarkable safety profile. This study aimed to test the original hypothesis that thiorphan could be neuroprotective against ibotenate-induced lesions in newborn mice. Intraperitoneal administration of thiorphan reduced ibotenate-induced cortical lesions by up to 57% and cortical caspase-3 cleavage by up to 59%. This neuroprotective effect was long-lasting and was still observed when thiorphan was administered 12 h after the insult, showing a remarkable window for therapeutic intervention. Further supporting the neuroprotective effect of pharmacological blockade of NEP, mouse pups with a genetic deletion of NEP displayed a significantly reduced size of the ibotenate-induced cortical grey matter lesion when compared with wild-type animals. Thiorphan effects were mimicked by substance P (SP) and, in a less potent manner, by neurokinin A. Thiorphan effects were inhibited by blockers of NK1 and NK2 receptors. Real-time reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction, autoradiography and immunohistochemistry confirmed the expression of NK1 and NK2 receptors in the neonatal murine neocortex. These data demonstrate that thiorphan prevents neonatal excitotoxic cortical damage, an effect largely mediated by SP. Thiorphan could represent a promising drug for the prevention of CP, which remains a challenging disease. In a broader context, these results also raise potential implications for the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases involving glutamate-mediated excitotoxic neuronal death.
Using forgetful routing to control BGP table size (2006)

Running the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), the Internet's interdomain routing protocol, consumes a large amount of memory. A BGP-speaking router typically stores one or more routes, each with multiple attributes, for more than 170,000 address blocks, and growing. When the router does not have enough memory to store a new route, it may crash or enter into other unspecified behavior, causing serious disruptions for the data traffic. In this paper, we propose a new mechanism for routers to handle memory limitations without modifying the underlying routing protocol and without negatively affecting convergence delay. Upon running out of memory, the router simply discards information about some alternate routes, and requests a "refresh" from its neighbors later if necessary. We present an optimal offline algorithm for deciding which alternate routes to evict, and explore the trade-off between memory size and refresh overhead using a large BGP message trace. Based on these promising results, we design and evaluate efficient online algorithms that achieve most of the performance benefits. We believe that our scheme can significantly improve the scalability and robustness of IP routers in the future.
ELASTIC REDATUMING OF MULTICOMPONENT SEISMIC DATA<sup>1</sup> (1992)

A bstract Elastic redatuming can be carried out before or after decomposition of the multicomponent data into independent PP, PS, SP, and SS responses. We argue that from a practical point of view, elastic redatuming is preferably applied after decomposition. We review forward and inverse extrapolation of decomposed P‐ and S‐wavefields. We use the forward extrapolation operators to derive a model of discrete multicomponent seismic data. This forward model is fully described in terms of matrix manipulations. By applying these matrix manipulations in reverse order we arrive at an elastic processing scheme for multicomponent data in which elastic redatuming plays an essential role. Finally, we illustrate elastic redatuming with a controlled 2D example, consisting of simulated multicomponent seismic data.