gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chiral rotational spectroscopy (2016)

We introduce chiral rotational spectroscopy, a technique that enables the determination of the orientated optical activity pseudotensor components ${B}_{XX}, {B}_{YY}$, and ${B}_{ZZ}$ of chiral molecules, in a manner that reveals the enantiomeric constitution of a sample and provides an incisive signal even for a racemate. Chiral rotational spectroscopy could find particular use in the analysis of molecules that are chiral solely by virtue of their isotopic constitution and molecules with multiple chiral centers. A basic design for a chiral rotational spectrometer together with a model of its functionality is given. Our proposed technique offers the more familiar polarizability components ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{XX}, {\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{YY}$, and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{ZZ}$ as by-products, which could see it find use even for achiral molecules.
The novel cannabinoid receptor GPR55 mediates anxiolytic-like effects in the medial orbital cortex of mice with acute stress (2017)

The G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) is a novel cannabinoid receptor, whose exact role in anxiety remains unknown. The present study was conducted to explore the possible mechanisms by which GPR55 regulates anxiety and to evaluate the effectiveness of O-1602 in the treatment of anxiety-like symptoms. Mice were exposed to two types of acute stressors: restraint and forced swimming. Anxiety behavior was evaluated using the elevated plus maze and the open field test. We found that O-1602 alleviated anxiety-like behavior in acutely stressed mice. We used lentiviral shRNA to selective ly knockdown GPR55 in the medial orbital cortex and found that knockdown of GPR55 abolished the anxiolytic effect of O-1602. We also used Y-27632, a specific inhibitor of ROCK, and U73122, an inhibitor of PLC, and found that both inhibitors attenuated the effectiveness of O-1602. Western blot analysis revealed that O-1602 downregulated the expression of GluA1 and GluN2A in mice. Taken together, these results suggest that GPR55 plays an important role in anxiety and O-1602 may have therapeutic potential in treating anxiety-like symptoms.
Impact of Viral and Bacterial Infectious Burden on Long-Term Prognosis in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease (2001)

These results support the hypothesis that the number of infectious pathogens to which an individual has been exposed independently contributes to the long-term prognosis in patients with documented CAD.
PHOTOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATIONS OF SOME 4′-AMINO-2-STYRYLPYRIDINES AND THEIR SALTS (1965)

The photochemical behavior of 4′-amino-, 4′-dimethylamino-, 4′-diethylamino-, and 4′-di-n-propylamino-substituted trans-2-styrylpyridine were studied. Ultraviolet irradiation of aqueous solutions of the bishydrochlorides and methiodide–hydrochlorides for moderate periods of time produced mixtures of the corresponding cis and trans isomers. Long irradiation times produced the corresponding dimers in all cases except that of trans-4′-di-n-propyl-amino-2-styrylpyridine. The cis isomers of the free bases and methiodides were isolated from the cis–trans mixtures. The trans-methiodides are not photochemically labile. The spectra of each pair of isomers were determined in water and in 50% methanol–water, with the exception of the 4′-di-n-propylamino derivative, which is not sufficiently water soluble. In addition, the spectra of the corresponding methiodides, hydrochlorides, bishydrochlorides, and methiodide–hydrochlorides were determined. The basic strengths of the nitrogens in the cis–trans isomer pairs of the free bases and methiodides have been determined spectroscopically in water and in 50% methanol-water.
Current-controlled PWM Technique for brushless DC motor drives with a single current sensing resistor (2009)

A current-controlled PWM technique for brushless DC drives with only a single current sensor, particularly a low-cost shunt resistor, is presented. On one hand, the PWM technique offers a unipolar modulation which does not produce current in the floating phase. Therefore the winding currents can be sensed directly with the shunt resistor. On the other hand, the current is controlled with a predictive current control algorithm, which gives fast response and is so simple that it can be executed in every period of the PWM interrupt. In addition, the unipolar PWM modulation features low switching and winding losses. Since the standard three-phase bridge power inverter, without any modification, is maintained, the scheme is therefore suitable for household appliances and HVAC applications in which high robustness, high reliability, and low cost are mainly required.
Health hazard evaluation report: HETA-91-0366-2453, Delaware County Resource Recovery Facility, Chester, Pennsylvania. (1994)

in response to a confidential request for a health hazard evaluation (HHE), investigators from the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) conducted investigations at the Delaware County Resource Recovery Facility (DCRRF), a municipal waste incinerator located in Chester, Pennsylvania. The HHE request was submitted in response to employees' concern regarding exposure to
Reductive annulations of arylidene malonates with unsaturated electrophiles using photoredox/Lewis acid cooperative catalysis (2019)

A cooperative Lewis acid/photocatalytic reduction of salicylaldehyde-derived arylidene malonates provides access to a versatile, stabilized radical anion enolate. Using these unusual umpolung operators, we have developed a novel route to access densely functionalized carbo- and heterocycles through a radical annulation addition pathway.
Specificity of Methylation Assays in Cancer Research: A Guideline for Designing Primers and Probes (2010)

DNA methylation is an epigenetic regulation mechanism of genomic function, and aberrant methylation pattern has been found to be a common event in many diseases and human cancers. A large number of cancer studies have been focused on identification of methylation changes as biomarkers (i.e., breast cancer). However, still clinical use of them is very limited because of lack of specificity and sensitivity for diagnostic test. This highlights the critical need for specific primer and probe design to avoid false-positive detection of methylation profiling. The guideline and online web tools that are introduced in this paper might help to perform a successful experiment and to develop specific diagnosis biomarkers by designing right primer pair and probe prior to experimental step.
Development of a small-caliber vascular graft with antithrombogenicity induced by extreme hydrophilicity. (1989)

A small-caliber vascular graft with an excellent patency rate, which has satisfactory antithrombogenicity due to high hydrophilicity, has been developed. It is hemostatic at the anastomotic site and has an affinity for endothelial-like cells, smooth musclelike cells, and fibroblasts. Fresh carotid artery with an ID of 2.5 to 3.0 mm was obtained from a dog and sonicated to induce destruction of the cell components. It was then cross-linked with a hydrophilic polyepoxy compound. As controls, glutaraldehyde (GA) treated grafts were prepared. Twenty-one dogs were used, 14 for the new graft and the other 7 as controls. A segment of the graft, 6 cm in length, was implanted into the carotid artery. Sodium heparin was given during surgery, but no anticoagulant was used thereafter. The compliance of the new graft was similar to that of the native artery. No excessive bleeding was noticed at the anastomotic sites. The patency rate was 70.8% during the longest observation period of 145 days, but was only 10% in the controls. Microscopic observation revealed that by the seventh day after implantation, endothelial-like cells had appeared near the anastomotic lines on the inner surface of the new graft; smooth musclelike cells were observed on the 38th day after implantation. From these results, there is a good possibility that this new graft, with its many advantages, may be used clinically.
A Physical Mechanism for Suppression of Zinc Dendrites Caused by High Efficiency of the Electrodeposition within Confined Nanopores (2012)

A strategy for the suppression of zinc dendrites in electrodeposition controlled by a physical factor has been proposed and demonstrated. Zinc electrodeposition within confined nanopores shows a high current efficiency even at a current density higher than the diffusion-limited current measured on a planar substrate. Our results suggest that the electrodeposition is free from the diffusion-limitation problem only when the electrodeposition occurs within the confined nanopores.
Efectos del extracto etanolico de propoleos sobre las lesiones comúnmente diagnosticadas como "Aftas" (1991)

El presente trabajo de investigación es un estudio preliminar sobre el efecto analgésico, desinflamante y cicatrizante que tiene la aplicación del extracto ctanólico de propóleos sobre las lesiones comúnmente clasificadas como "aftas" en el área localizada en el interior de la cavidad bucal.
TGF-<i>β</i>1 production in inflammatory bowel disease: differing production patterns in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (2003)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) is an inhibitory cytokine recognized as a key regulator of immunological homeostasis and inflammatory responses. TGF-beta is involved in experimental models of oral tolerance and in the pathogenesis of experimental colitis. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have inappropriate T cell responses to antigenic components of their own intestinal microflora, suggesting the presence of a disorder in the normal mucosal immune mechanism that ensures the down-regulation of responses to harmless constituents in the microflora. To evaluate the contribution of TGF-beta to this imbalance, we measured TGF-beta1 production by lamina propria mononuclear cells (LPMC) and T cells isolated from tissue specimens of patients with Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and controls. Cells were cultured in the presence or absence of anti-CD2 plus anti-CD28 MoAbs and TGF-beta1 production in culture supernatants was measured by ELISA. LPMC isolated from CD patients produced significantly less TGF-beta1 than controls when stimulated via CD2 plus CD28 pathways (P = 0.001)] conversely, in UC patients increased production of TGF-beta1 compared to controls was observed (P = 0.0005). These differences were also observed with purified lamina propria (LP) T cells in both diseases and were associated with the presence of inflammation. Thus, TGF-beta1 production shows contrasting secretion in CD and in UC, probably as a consequence of the different Th polarization. The absolute or relative defect in TGF-beta1 production observed in CD and UC may contribute to the perpetuation of inflammation.
<title>True-sky demonstration of an autonomous star tracker</title> (1994)

An autonomous star tracker (AST) is basically a `star field in, attitude out' device capable of determining its attitude without requiring any a priori attitude knowledge. In addition to this attitude acquisition capability, an AST can perform attitude updates autonomously and is able to provide its attitude `continuously' while tracking a star field. The Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laboratory is developing a reliable, low-cost, miniature AST that has a one arcsec overall accuracy, weighs less than 1.5 kg, consumes less than 7 watts of power, and is sufficiently sensitive to be used at all sky locations. The device performs attitude acquisition in a fraction of a second and outputs its attitude at a 10 Hz rate when operating in its tracking mode. Besides providing the functionality needed for future advanced attitude control and navigation systems, an AST also improves spacecraft reliability, mass, power, cost, and operating expenses. The AST comprises a-thermalized, refractive optics, a frame-transfer CCD with a sensitive area of 1024 by 1024 pixels, camera electronics implemented with application- specific integrated circuits, a compact single board computer with a radiation hard 32 bit RISC processor, and an all-sky guide star database. Star identification is performed by a memory- efficient and highly robust algorithm that finds the largest group of observed stars matching a group of guide stars. An important milestone has recently been achieved with the validation of the attitude acquisition capability through correct and rapid identification of all 704 true-sky star fields obtained at the Lick Observatory, using an uncalibrated prototype AST with a 512 by 1024 pixel frame-transfer CCD and a 50 mm f/1.2 lens that provided an effective 6.5 by 13.2 degree field of view. The overlapping fields cover 47% of the sky, including both rich and sparse areas. The paper contains a description of the AST, a summary of the functions enabled or improved by the device, an overview of the identification algorithm, results obtained with a realistic simulation program, a description of the true-sky star field identification method and a presentation of the results obtained. The AST tolerates the presence of bright objects as was demonstrated by a field that included Jupiter.
Analysis of<i>Lupinus albus</i>Storage Proteins by Two-Dimensional Electrophoresis and Mass Spectrometry (2005)

A laboratory-prepared total protein extract (TPE) and a lupin protein isolate (LPI-E) produced in a pilot plant were submitted to a detailed two-dimensional (2DE) proteomic investigation. Recent findings have indicated that in an established rodent model of hyperlipidemia, moderate daily intakes of LPI-Es lead to a reduction of total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels, and the knowledge of the actual composition of the protein sample used in that study is at the basis of further structure/action investigations. The experimental results indicate that the semi-industrial procedure used for the production of LPI-E damages only marginally the proteins. It does, however, cleave some disulfide bridges and induce mild proteolysis, as confirmed by the higher number of resolved protein spots in the low Mr and acidic pI region of the 2DE map. Out of 72 spots submitted to mass spectrometry and compared with available protein databases, 42 correspond to fragments of beta-conglutin, the 7S globulin of lupin, spanning between positions 37 and 495 of the protein sequence. Using the bioinformatic tool BlastP, these peptides were compared to the alpha'-subunit of beta-conglycinin, the 7S globulin of soybean, this being the most active hypocholesterolemic component of soybean protein, as shown by in vitro and in vivo experiments. At least 18 peptides derived from beta-conglutin, having a percentage identity higher than 50% and a similarity percentage higher than 70% vs the alpha'-subunit of beta-conglycinin, are likely candidates to be the biologically active components of lupin protein.
Allele-specific RNA interference rescues the long-QT syndrome phenotype in human-induced pluripotency stem cell cardiomyocytes (2013)

These findings provide in vitro evidence that allele-specific RNAi can rescue diseased phenotype in LQTS cardiomyocytes. This is a potentially novel route for the treatment of many autosomal-dominant-negative disorders, including those of the heart.
Long-Term Partial Liquid Ventilation (PLV) with Perflubron in the Near-Term Baboon Neonate (1994)

Three near term baboons, one with clinical RDS, tolerated 4 days of PLV followed by 1 day of CMV without complications using practical clinical management methods.
Effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interferon-γ on antifungal activity of human polymorphonuclear neutrophils against pseudohyphae of different medically important <i>Candida</i> species (1995)

Polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMNs) are the major host defense against pseudohyphae, the invasive form of Candida species. We studied the effects of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) on the PMN-induced damage of pseudo-hyphae of Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, and Candida parapsilosis in vitro by using two antifungal assays: a modified limiting dilution assay and a colorimetric metabolic 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. PMNs from healthy volunteers were incubated with either G-CSF (100-10,000 U/ml) or IFN-gamma (10-5000 U/ml) or buffer at 37 degrees C for 90 min and their capacity to damage nonopsonized pseudohyphae was then measured. C. tropicalis appeared to be the most susceptible species, whereas C. parapsilosis showed the highest rate of resistance to PMN damage. G-CSF (500-10,000 U/ml) and IFN-gamma (100-1000 U/ml) enhanced the antifungal activity of PMNs against C. albicans pseudo-hyphae (P < .01 and P < .05). Among the others, G-CSF enhanced PMN-induced damage of C. parapsilosis at concentrations 500-10,000 U/ml (P < .05), whereas it enhanced damage of C. tropicalis only at 10,000 U/ml (P < .01). IFN-gamma (100-1000 U/ml)-primed PMNs also caused augmented damage of C. parapsilosis (P < .05) but not of C. tropicalis at the same concentrations. Species-dependent differences exist in the responses of PMNs to Candida pseudohyphae and G-CSF as well as IFN-gamma are important immunomodulators of phagocytic host defenses against them.
Effects of lignin as a filler on properties of soy protein plastics. II. Alkaline lignin (2003)

Abstract Blend plastics based on soy protein isolate (SPI) strengthened with alkaline lignin (AL) in the weight ratio of 10:0 to 5:5 were prepared with 40 wt % glycerol as a plasticizer by compression molding. The structure and mechanical properties of the blends were investigated by wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction (WAXD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), dynamical mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA), and tensile tests. The results indicated that the introduction of AL could effectively increase the tensile strength and Young's modulus, thermal stability, and elongation of the compositive plastics when the AL content ranged from 10 to 20 parts. Moreover, the blend plastics containing 50 parts AL exhibited maximum tensile strength (1.98 MPa) and much higher than that with the SP–AL0 sheet with AL alone (0.89 MPa). In addition, tests of water absorption proved that the introduction of hydrophobic AL effectively reduced water absorption and, hence, decreased water sensibility. Therefore, AL, a relatively low‐cost filler, plays a major role in enhancing the strength and water resistivity of soy protein plastics. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 88: 3291–3297, 2003
Regulation of transcription of katE and katF in Escherichia coli (1990)

Fusion plasmids with lacZ under the control of the katE (encoding catalase or hydroperoxidase HPII) and katF (encoding a sigma factor-like protein required for katE expression) promoters were constructed. Expression from both katE and katF promoters was low in rich medium but elevated in poor medium during log-phase growth. Furthermore, the slowdown in growth as cells entered the stationary phase in rich medium, a result of carbon source depletion, was associated with an increase in katE and katF expression. A simple reduction in the carbon source level as the cells entered the stationary phase was not responsible for the increase in expression, because transferring the culture to a medium with no glucose did not induce expression from either promoter. Spent rich medium from stationary-phase cells was capable of inducing expression, as were simple aromatic acids such as benzoate, o-hydroxybenzoate, and p-aminobenzoate added to new medium. Anaerobiosis did not cause an increase in expression, nor did it significantly change the pattern of expression. Regardless of the medium, katF expression was always turned on before or coincidently with katE expression; in the presence of benzoate katF was fully induced, whereas katE was only partially induced, suggesting that a factor in addition to KatF protein was involved in katE expression. During prolonged aerobic incubation, cells lacking katF died off more rapidly than did cells lacking either katE or katG.
Image shading taking into account relativistic effects (1996)

This article is concerned with creating more realistic images of 3D scenes which are moving relative to the viewer at such high speeds that the propagation delay of light signals and other relativistic effects can not be neglected. Creating images of 3D scenes in relativistic motion might have important applications to science-fiction films, computer games, and virtual environments. We shall discuss the following problems: (1) how to determine the visual appearance of a rapidly moving object, (2) how to determine the apparent radiance of a scene point on a moving object, (3) how to determine the incident irradiance at a scene point coming from a moving light source, (4) how to determine the color of a rapidly moving object, and (5) how to generate shadows when there are relative motions between the viewer, the scenes, and the light sources. Detailed examples are also given to show the result of shading with the relativistic effects taken into account.
Prognostic Significance of K-<i>ras</i> Codon 12 Mutations in Patients With Resected Stage I and II Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer (1999)

Codon 12 K-ras mutations were more common in adenocarcinomas than in squamous cell carcinomas. For the subgroup with stage II NSCLC, there was a statistically significant adverse effect on survival for the presence of K-ras mutations. However, when the entire group was considered, the presence of K-ras mutations was not of prognostic significance in this cohort of patients with resected early-stage NSCLC.
Tetracycline Treatment Retards the Onset and Slows the Progression of Diabetes in Human Amylin/Islet Amyloid Polypeptide Transgenic Mice (2009)

This is the first report to show that treating hA/hIAPP transgenic mice with a modifier of hA/hIAPP misfolding can ameliorate their diabetic phenotype. Fibrillar amyloid was neither necessary nor sufficient to cause diabetes and indeed was positively correlated with longevity therein, whereas early- to mid-stage diabetes was associated with islet beta-cell dysfunction followed by beta-cell loss. Interventions capable of suppressing misfolding in soluble hA/hIAPP oligomers rather than mature fibrils may have potential for treating or preventing type 2 diabetes.
Natural Language Object Retrieval (2016)

In this paper, we address the task of natural language object retrieval, to localize a target object within a given image based on a natural language query of the object. Natural language object retrieval differs from text-based image retrieval task as it involves spatial information about objects within the scene and global scene context. To address this issue, we propose a novel Spatial Context Recurrent ConvNet (SCRC) model as scoring function on candidate boxes for object retrieval, integrating spatial configurations and global scene-level contextual information into the network. Our model processes query text, local image descriptors, spatial configurations and global context features through a recurrent network, outputs the probability of the query text conditioned on each candidate box as a score for the box, and can transfer visual-linguistic knowledge from image captioning domain to our task. Experimental results demonstrate that our method effectively utilizes both local and global information, outperforming previous baseline methods significantly on different datasets and scenarios, and can exploit large scale vision and language datasets for knowledge transfer.