gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Does Registration Improve the Performance of a Computer Aided Diagnosis System for Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced MR Mammography? (2006)

This study investigated whether image registration improves the classification performance of a computer aided diagnosis (CAD) system for dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MR mammography The CAD system that we developed included image registration, semi-automatic lesion segmentation, 3D image features extraction, and feature selection and combination by logistic regression analysis. The CAD system achieved a leave-one-out area under the ROC curve of 0.86, which is within the range of reported classification performances. This performance was not the artifact of the feature selection process or the leave-one-out test procedure. Worse results were obtained without segmentation refinement and image registration. Rigid image registration led to a statistically significant increase of the area under the ROC curve from 0.81 to 0.86
Neural Imaging Pipelines - the Scourge or Hope of Forensics? (2019)

Forensic analysis of digital photographs relies on intrinsic statistical traces introduced at the time of their acquisition or subsequent editing. Such traces are often removed by post-processing (e.g., down-sampling and re-compression applied upon distribution in the Web) which inhibits reliable provenance analysis. Increasing adoption of computational methods within digital cameras further complicates the process and renders explicit mathematical modeling infeasible. While this trend challenges forensic analysis even in near-acquisition conditions, it also creates new opportunities. This paper explores end-to-end optimization of the entire image acquisition and distribution workflow to facilitate reliable forensic analysis at the end of the distribution channel, where state-of-the-art forensic techniques fail. We demonstrate that a neural network can be trained to replace the entire photo development pipeline, and jointly optimized for high-fidelity photo rendering and reliable provenance analysis. Such optimized neural imaging pipeline allowed us to increase image manipulation detection accuracy from approx. 45% to over 90%. The network learns to introduce carefully crafted artifacts, akin to digital watermarks, which facilitate subsequent manipulation detection. Analysis of performance trade-offs indicates that most of the gains can be obtained with only minor distortion. The findings encourage further research towards building more reliable imaging pipelines with explicit provenance-guaranteeing properties.
DNA Y Structure: A Versatile, Multidimensional Single Molecule Assay (2014)

Optical trapping is a powerful single molecule technique used to study dynamic biomolecular events, especially those involving DNA and DNA-binding proteins. Current implementations usually involve only one of stretching, unzipping, or twisting DNA along one dimension. To expand the capabilities of optical trapping for more complex measurements would require a multidimensional technique that combines all of these manipulations in a single experiment. Here, we report the development and utilization of such a novel optical trapping assay based on a three-branch DNA construct, termed a "Y structure". This multidimensional assay allows precise, real-time tracking of multiple configurational changes. When the Y structure template is unzipped under both force and torque, the force and extension of all three branches can be determined simultaneously. Moreover, the assay is readily compatible with fluorescence, as demonstrated by unzipping through a fluorescently labeled, paused transcription complex. This novel assay thus allows for the visualization and precision mapping of complex interactions of biomechanical events.
Highly Conducting Polyaniline Gels (2002)

An improved method, based on mechanical stirring and a controlled solvent evaporation process, is proposed to obtain PANI(CSA)0.5/m-cresol solutions, which lead to gels with conductivities in the range 3 to 150 S/cm, preserving the elasticity associated to the gel network. Such high conductivity values have only been found for brittle films cast from PANI solutions. According to our experimental results, there is no justification for an analogy between the elastic modulus and the conductivity of physical networks.
Flavin‐dependent alcohol oxidase from yeast (1986)

The kinetic course of the reaction of methanol and deutero-methanol with FAD-dependent alcohol oxidase was investigated under single-turnover conditions [kred approximately equal to 15000 min-1 (1H3COH) and approximately equal to 4300 min-1 (2H3COH)] and multiple-turnover conditions [TNmax approximately equal to 6000 min-1 (1H3COH) and approximately equal to 3100 min-1 (2H3COH)]. A kinetic scheme for the overall catalytic mechanism is proposed, which is characterized by (1) formation of a Michaelis complex between enzyme and substrate, (2) the reductive step involving partly rate-limiting scission of the substrate C-H bond, (3) reaction of the complex of reduced enzyme and aldehyde with dioxygen, and (4) a significant contribution of the dissociation rate of product from its complex with reoxidized enzyme to the overall rate. Prolonged turnover of various alcohols, including methanol, results in progressive inactivation of the enzyme by two processes. In the absence of catalase the inactivation rate increases with time due to accumulation of hydrogen peroxide, which is a potent inactivator (Kd approximately equal to 1.6 mM; kinact approximately equal to 0.55 min-1). In the presence of catalase inactivation during turnover is much slower, the process showing pseudo-first-order kinetics (Kinact approximately equal to 0.6 mM; kinact approximately equal to 0.005 min-1 with methanol). The ratio kcat/kinact varies with different alcohols but is always greater than 10(5). Propargyl alcohol and methylenecyclopropyl alcohol cannot be considered as suicide substrates, as compared to analogous substrates of other flavin oxidases.
Sodium Thiosulfate Pharmacokinetics in Hemodialysis Patients and Healthy Volunteers (2011)

Given the low and variable bioavailability of oral STS, only intravenous STS should be prescribed today. The biologic relevance of the high hemodialysis clearance for the optimal time point of STS dosing awaits clarification of the mechanisms of action of STS.
Steric carbonyl protection metalation and cleavage of highly hindered ureas. Preliminary communication (1978)

Abstract Ureas of type 3 with sterically protected carbonyl groups such as 4a‐7a are prepared by successively adding 2 equivalents of a highly substituted sec. amine and an excess of dimethylamine to benzene or toluene solutions of phosgene. The piperidine derivatives 6a and 7a are metalated in high yields to 6b and 7b , respectively, with sec. ‐butyllithium/TMEDA in THF at 0° [see derivatives 6, 7 , ( c‐i ) in Table 1 ]. Methods of cleaving urethanes 2 (see 8 → 9 ) and ureas 3 are described, among which the retro‐Mannich reaction, removing the piperidine ring from 7 under acidic hydrolysis conditions, appears to be promising also for other applications of sterically blocked carbonyl compounds in organic synthesis.
Foam technology for integration of millimetre-wave3D functions (1999)

It is demonstrated that shielded foams can be efficiently used as millimetre-wave waveguides. Experimental examples are provided and discussed with respect to standard planar or waveguide techniques in the 26 – 40 GHz frequency range. A 2% bandpass foam-waveguide filter is designed, with an insertion loss of ~–3.2 dB at 28.7 GHz.
THERMOELECTRIC NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENT. Addendum to Final Report (1962)

A twenty-couple fission-heated thermoelectric generator, TE-5, was tested in the Westinghouse Testing Reactor. The open circuit voltage, instantaneous closed circuit voltage, steady state closed circuit voltage, instantaneous closed circuit current, and steady state closed circuit current were monitored during the 23-day cycle. The initial power output was 110 watts (48 amps at 2.3 volts) at a TH of 660 to 690 deg C and a T/sup C/ of 130 deg C. After 23 days the output was approximately one watt. (auth)
The Change of Ultrasonic Transmission Velocity by Wood Decay (2014)

The deterioration in wood by the brown-rot fungus (Fomitopsispalustris) and the white-rot fungus (Trametesversicolor) were measured using ultrasonic velocity. Those were used for the decay exposure and 4 wood species of wood as the test specimens, Pinusdensiflora, Larixkaempferi, Pinuskoraiensis and Pinusrigida, were chosen with both the brown- and white-rot culture petridish during 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the decrease rate of ultrasonic velocity was measured at 10~15%. In both brown- and white-rot exposure experiments, P. rigida showed significant decrease in ultrasonic velocity (20%), L. kaempferi on the other hand did not show decrease in ultrasonic velocity. After the fungal exposure experiment, the inside of specimens was investigated by computer tomography (C/T). After C/T investigation, bending tests were performed.
Kdo<sub>2</sub>‐lipid A: structural diversity and impact on immunopharmacology (2014)

3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid-lipid A (Kdo2 -lipid A) is the essential component of lipopolysaccharide in most Gram-negative bacteria and the minimal structural component to sustain bacterial viability. It serves as the active component of lipopolysaccharide to stimulate potent host immune responses through the complex of Toll-like-receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation protein 2. The entire biosynthetic pathway of Escherichia coli Kdo2 -lipid A has been elucidated and the nine enzymes of the pathway are shared by most Gram-negative bacteria, indicating conserved Kdo2 -lipid A structure across different species. Yet many bacteria can modify the structure of their Kdo2 -lipid A which serves as a strategy to modulate bacterial virulence and adapt to different growth environments as well as to avoid recognition by the mammalian innate immune systems. Key enzymes and receptors involved in Kdo2 -lipid A biosynthesis, structural modification and its interaction with the TLR4 pathway represent a clear opportunity for immunopharmacological exploitation. These include the development of novel antibiotics targeting key biosynthetic enzymes and utilization of structurally modified Kdo2 -lipid A or correspondingly engineered live bacteria as vaccines and adjuvants. Kdo2 -lipid A/TLR4 antagonists can also be applied in anti-inflammatory interventions. This review summarizes recent knowledge on both the fundamental processes of Kdo2 -lipid A biosynthesis, structural modification and immune stimulation, and applied research on pharmacological exploitations of these processes for therapeutic development.
A novel VLSI process using electron irradiation and laser annealing (2003)

A semiconductor integrated circuit fabrication technology, called radiplanar, which improves VLSI performance in several respects is described. The radiplanar process includes two process steps which are not used in conventional IC technologies. The first is high-energy, high-flux electron irradiation, and the second is pulsed laser treatment. A semi-insulating substrate is formed by irradiating a standard Si substrate with high-energy electrons to generate point lattice defects. Then only the surface of the irradiated substrate is made semiconductive by laser processing. Semiconductor devices are produced in the semiconductive regions of the substrate formed in this manner.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Wage Stickiness and Unemployment Fluctuations: An Alternative (2009)

Erceg, Henderson and Levin (2000, Journal of Monetary Economics) introduce sticky wages
in a New-Keynesian general-equilibrium model. Alternatively, it is shown here how wage sticki-
ness may bring unemployment fluctuations into a New-Keynesian model. Using Bayesian econo-
metric techniques, both models are estimated with U.S. quarterly data of the Great Moderation.
Estimation results are similar and provide a good empirical fit with the crucial difference that
our proposal delivers unemployment fluctuations. Thus, second-moment statistics of U.S. un-
employment are replicated reasonably well in our proposed New-Keynesian model with sticky
wages. In the welfare analysis, the cost of cyclical fluctuations during the Great Moderation is
estimated at 0.60% of steady-state consumption.
Multidimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry for differential glycoproteomics (2005)

The goal of the study is to develop multidimensional chromatography and mass spectrometry methods for differential glycoproteomics. Glycopeptides from human transferrin and bovine fetuin were characterized by enzymatic digestion and mass spectrometry analysis. Two matrices were tested and compared in order to reduce the glycan fragmentation in MALDI-TOF MS analysis. Glycan structures were elucidated by glycosidase digestion or proposed by molecular masses of the glycans. The differences in sialylation across the proteome and the degree of sialylation within glycoproteins were examined using human serum samples. Sialylation was targeted through lectin affinity selection and quantification of differences was achieved with stable isotope coding in combination with reversed-phase chromatography (RPC) and mass spectrometry. The sialylation between a normal individual and pooled human serum varied less than two fold in all but 4–5 glycoproteins. The degree of sialylation among Con A selectable peptides was quite high. There can be substantial variation in sialylation between sites in the same protein. A comparative analysis of sialylated glycoforms with differentially branched complex type glycans was carried out by a simple and efficient approach based on the serial lectin affinity chromatography (SLAG) in combination with stable isotope labeling, RPC and mass spectrometry. The results showed that most sialylated glycopeptides identified carried more bianntennary glycans than tri- and tetraantennary glycans. The relative amount of biantennary glycan versus tri- and tetraantennary glycans might also vary at different glycosylation sites within the same glycoprotein. An alternative approach for identification of glycoproteins from human serum was developed based on a combination of lectin affinity chromatography and anion exchange/Cu-IMAC affinity selection. The approach can be used as an alternative method for isolation and identification of glycoproteins when lectins cannot effectively select glycopeptides.
Unipol PP: a gas-phase route to polypropylene (1985)

This article describes the design and operation of Unipol PP, a gasphase, fluid-bed route that couples Union Carbide's Unipol technology for making polyethylene with Shell Chemical Company's superhigh-activity catalyst. Unipol features up to 10-15% lower investment and operating costs than technologies currently being licensed. The technique can produce a complete line of homopolymers, random copolymers and impact copolymers. In addition, because of its broad operating range, many new and improved products can be made. These include: controlled-rheology resins; ultrahigh melt-flow grades; random copolymers and terpolymers having improved clarity and processability; impact copolymers with precisely tailored impact/stiffness characteristics; and thermoplastic polyolefins. Unipol PP technology is one of the safest and cleanest for polypropylene manufacture.
Improved method for diagnosis of polycythemia vera based on flow cytometric analysis of autonomous growth of erythroid precursors in liquid culture (1997)

"Autonomous" development of erythroid colonies in erythropoietin (EPO)-free semi-solid culture has been used as an in vitro assay for diagnosis of polycythemia vera (PV). These colonies, however, are small and poorly hemoglobinized, rendering the assay in many cases unreliable. We report here on the use of a novel assay; it combines a modified culture procedure that maximizes the growth of EPO-independent erythroid cells, and immunofluorescence flow cytometry for their detection and quantitation. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells are cultured for 2-5 days in the presence of a combination of growth factors. During this phase, early erythroid committed progenitors, burst forming units (BFUe), proliferate and differentiate into colony forming units (CFUe)-like progenitors. In the second phase, the latter cells, in the presence of stem cell factor, hemin, and iron-saturated transferrin, continue to proliferate and mature into hemoglobin (Hb)-containing orthochromatic normoblasts. Neither phases contained EPO. The culture produced large, pure, and synchronized erythroid cell populations. The cells were then dually labeled with fluorescent probes, nuclear DNA with thiazole orange and intracellular hemoglobin (Hb) with phycoerythrin-conjugated monoclonal antibodies against human Hb. Cells positive for both labels were assigned as Hb-containing nucleated precursors. The presence of such cells in EPO-free cultures indicated "autonomous growth." None of the EPO-free cultures derived from normal donors or patients with secondary polycythemia contained such cells. Cultures derived from PV patients contained from 5 to 92% "autonomously grown" cells. These culture and analysis methods should minimize false negative results with PV patients and provide objective and quantitative data.
Real-time tracking of free object based on measurement and synthesis of range image sequence (1999)

Measurement and recognition of moving objects by a visual system is crucial to realization of robots that can handle a changing environment flexibly. In this article, we propose a system that tracks 6-DOF motion of a solid object of any shape in real time using a range image sequence. We compare range images measured by the Silicon Range Finder high-speed range image sensor with those synthesized from a computer model, and we assert that motion can be estimated independently of the form of objects. Furthermore, we propose a method to generate range images from a model very rapidly with CG rendering hardware. We also describe a process to model the shape of objects simultaneously with tracking, and a method to keep the object within the measurement region by rotating the measurement direction of the sensors. We performed experiments to verify the effectiveness of our method and found that all processes were performed at a speed of 7 frames per second and that the measurement errors were less than 1% of the scope of measurement. © 1999 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 30(5): 56–64, 1999
Effects of dietary molybdenum and sulphur on the distribution of copper in plasma and kidneys of sheep (1978)

1. A 30-week study has been made in growing ewe lambs of the effects of dietary supplementation with molybdenum, or Mo plus inorganic sulphate on the distribution of copper in their blood plasma and kidneys. 2. The addition of 25 mg Mo and 5 g SO42-/kg diet increased Cu concentrations in plasma and kidney and decreased those in liver. Plasma caeruloplasmin activities (ferroxidase; EC 1.16.3.1) were unaffected. 3. Subcellular fractionation of the kidney cortex and gel filtration of the plasma and kidney cortex cytosol showed that the increased Cu content of these tissues was associated with abnormalities in the distribution of Cu. It appeared that both Cu and Mo were associated with the same proteins. 4. Dietary supplementation with Mo alone (25 mg/kg) had no effect on plasma or kidney Cu concentrations, suggesting that S metabolism is involved in the formation of the abnormal Cu-binding proteins in plasma and kidney. 5. The results are discussed in relation to the induction of Mo-induced Cu-deficiency states and the possible involvement of thiomolybdates.
Metallic photonic crystals with strong broadband absorption at optical frequencies over wide angular range (2005)

We show theoretically that a finite two-dimensional square lattice of metallic cylinders in air can be designed to have almost 100% absorptance over a wide optical wavelength range and for a wide range of incidence angles. The broadband and wide-angle strong absorption is attributed to the presence of a large number of flat bands interacting with air bands and the greatly improved impedance matching between metallic photonic crystals and air. The frequency band of intense absorption is in the visible, ultraviolet, or near infrared, depending on the metallic material.
Case of chorioamnionitis in an immunocompetent woman caused byMorganella morganii (1998)

Morganella morganii is an opportunistic organism that leads to serious morbidity. It is an enteric organism commonly associated with immunocompromise and chronic urinary catheterization. We present a case of a healthy gravid individual who presented with chorioamnionitis and neonatal seizures associated with M. morganii. This organism, which causes severe morbidity, is fortunately rare in obstetrics and gynecology.
A network pump (1996)

A designer of reliable multi level secure (MLS) networks must consider covert channels and denial of service attacks in addition to traditional network performance measures such as throughput, fairness, and reliability. We show how to extend the NRL data Pump to a certain MLS network architecture in order to balance the requirements of congestion control, fairness, good performance, and reliability against those of minimal threats from covert channels and denial of service attacks. We back up our claims with simulation results.
GM-CSF regulates human eosinophil responses to F-Met peptide and platelet activating factor. (1993)

Evidence is accumulating that suggests that granulocyte macrophage CSF (GM-CSF) may have inflammatory actions in addition to its effects as a hematopoietic growth factor. In these studies, the effects of culture of purified human eosinophils with GM-CSF on cellular responses, including intracellular calcium responses, the expression of adherence molecules, and adhesion, were examined. In freshly isolated eosinophils expression of the adhesion molecule CD11b was only weakly increased by a 10-min incubation with platelet-activating factor (PAF) (118 +/- 3, 121 +/- 4, 117 +/- 2, n = 8) and FMLP (100 +/- 1, 106 +/- 6, and 105 +/- 4% of control for 10(-8), 10(-7), and 10(-6) M, respectively, n = 4). Lyso PAF never increased CD11b expression. Exposure of eosinophils to GM-CSF (0.5 ng/ml for 2 days) induced an increase in CD11b responses to PAF (132 +/- 3, 144 +/- 4, and 140 +/- 7) and FMLP (123 +/- 8, 145 +/- 10, and 137 +/- 4% of control for 10(-8), 10(-7), and 10(-6) M concentrations, respectively, n = 4). In 3-day culture studies, responses were greatest on days 2 and 3. The half-maximal GM-CSF concentration for the increase in the response to FMLP (10(-7) M, day 2) was approximately 100 pg/ml. GM-CSF (0.5 ng/ml) induced an increase in basal CD11b expression by day 1, which declined toward the initial baseline on days 2 and 3. Dexamethasone (10(-7) M) hastened the decline in baseline CD11b expression but did not inhibit the increase in the response to either PAF or FMLP. After 3 days of culture with GM-CSF (0.08 ng/ml), FMLP (10(-6) M)-induced elevations of intracellular calcium were increased (277 +/- 27% of day 0 control, n = 4, p < 0.01), whereas the response induced by PAF was not (70 +/- 36% of day 0 control, p = NS). A 30-min exposure to GM-CSF caused a potentiation of both PAF- and FMLP-induced adherence of eosinophils to gelatin-coated plastic. Longer incubation with GM-CSF (3 days) potentiated only FMLP-induced adherence. We conclude that expression of adherence molecules, transmembrane signaling, and adherence responses of eosinophils are enhanced by exposure to GM-CSF. These effects of GM-CSF could potentiate the adherence to endothelium and subsequent migration of eosinophils to inflammatory sites in vivo.