gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Thermal Energy Storage with Phase Change Material (2012)

Thermal energy storage (TES) systems provide several alternatives for efficient energy use and conservation. Phase change materials (PCMs) for TES are materials supplying thermal regulation at particular phase change temperatures by absorbing and emitting the heat of the medium. TES in general and PCMs in particular, have been a main topic in research for the last 30 years, but although the information is quantitatively enormous, it is also spread widely in the literature, and difficult to find. PCMs absorb energy during the heating process as phase change takes place and release energy to the environment in the phase change range during a reverse cooling process. PCMs possesses the ability of latent thermal energy change their state with a certain temperature. PCMs for TES are generally solid-liquid phase change materials and therefore they need encapsulation. TES systems using PCMs as a storage medium offers advantages such as high TES capacity, small unit size and isothermal behaviour during charging and discharging when compared to the sensible TES.
Clinical Evaluation about the Immediate Implant Replacement after Tooth Extraction (2003)

Background: Immediate implant placement has become an acceptable treatment for the edentulous area. The advantages of the immediate implant placement include considerable decrease in time from tooth extraction to placement of the finial prosthesis, fewer surgical procedures, and better acceptance of the overall treatment plans. But the success is dependent on the quantity and quality of the extraction socket. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the success of the immediate implant placement.
Uses and results of a liquid friction reducer in acidizing treatments (1976)

Friction reducers, used in small quantities, can provide reduced surface treating pressures, higher injection rates, and lower hydraulic horsepower requirements. Historically, powdered type friction reducers have been used in the petroleum industry for most aqueous fracturing treatments. The common polymers used to reduce friction on a large scale are guar gum, derivatives of cellulose, and synthetic polymers such as polyethylene oxides and polyacrylamides. Synthetic polymers generally provide higher friction reduced at lower concentrations than do the natural polymers and cellulose materials. Advances in polymerization techniques have made possible the development of polymers in liquid form. Now, synthetic friction-reducing polymers, similar to those used as solids, can be obtained in liquid form making handling and mixing less difficult. This study compares the properties of a liquid acid friction-reducing agent with several commonly used powdered materials. Some guidelines for selecting an acid friction reducer and laboratory testing of friction reducers are discussed. Successful field results using a liquid friction reducer in acid are described.
A programmable soft chemo-mechanical actuator exploiting a catalyzed photochemical water-oxidation reaction (2017)

We describe a composite hydrogel containing an embedding coupled chemistry for light-sensitized catalytic reactions that enables chemo-mechanical actuation of poly(acrylic acid)-based gels. In these materials, a photosensitizer and catalyst-ruthenium trisbipyridine and iridium dioxide nanoparticles, respectively-are incorporated into the hydrogel where together, with visible light irradiation, they undergo a catalytic water-oxidation reaction that lowers the pH and induces a dissipative/chemically-driven strain change in the gel. To demonstrate the capacity for 3D chemo-mechanical actuation, a layer of non-pH responsive poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) is added to the photo-active composite gel to create a model bimorph actuator. Triggering and terminating the water-oxidation reaction leads to a programmatic expansion and contraction of the active layer, which induces different modes of biomimetic curling motions in the bimorph actuator in light and dark environments. The efficiency of this system is fundamentally limited by the system-level design, which provides no capacity to sustain a local pH gradient against diffusive mixing. Even so, if the initial pH of the background solution is reestablished either actively or passively between each reaction cycle, it is possible to realize multiple cycles of reversible actuation. We describe a thermodynamic analysis of this system which identifies specific features mediating efficiency losses and conceptual requirements for mesoscopic design rules for optimization of this system and for advancing soft actuation systems in general.
Subepicardial endothelial cells invade the embryonic ventricle wall to form coronary arteries (2013)

Coronary arteries bring blood flow to the heart muscle. Understanding the developmental program of the coronary arteries provides insights into the treatment of coronary artery diseases. Multiple sources have been described as contributing to coronary arteries including the proepicardium, sinus venosus (SV), and endocardium. However, the developmental origins of coronary vessels are still under intense study. We have produced a new genetic tool for studying coronary development, an AplnCreER mouse line, which expresses an inducible Cre recombinase specifically in developing coronary vessels. Quantitative analysis of coronary development and timed induction of AplnCreER fate tracing showed that the progenies of subepicardial endothelial cells (ECs) both invade the compact myocardium to form coronary arteries and remain on the surface to produce veins. We found that these subepicardial ECs are the major sources of intramyocardial coronary vessels in the developing heart. In vitro explant assays indicate that the majority of these subepicardial ECs arise from endocardium of the SV and atrium, but not from ventricular endocardium. Clonal analysis of Apln-positive cells indicates that a single subepicardial EC contributes equally to both coronary arteries and veins. Collectively, these data suggested that subepicardial ECs are the major source of intramyocardial coronary arteries in the ventricle wall, and that coronary arteries and veins have a common origin in the developing heart.
Conception, evolution, and application of functional programming languages (1989)

The foundations of functional programming languages are examined from both historical and technical perspectives. Their evolution is traced through several critical periods: early work on lambda calculus and combinatory calculus, Lisp, Iswim, FP, ML, and modern functional languages such as Miranda 1 and Haskell. The fundamental premises on which the functional programming methodology stands are critically analyzed with respect to philosophical, theoretical, and pragmatic concerns. Particular attention is paid to the main features that characterize modern functional languages: higher-order functions, lazy evaluation, equations and pattern matching, strong static typing and type inference, and data abstraction. In addition, current research areas—such as parallelism, nondeterminism, input/output, and state-oriented computations—are examined with the goal of predicting the future development and application of functional languages.
Increased<i>WSB1</i>copy number correlates with its over-expression which associates with increased survival in neuroblastoma (2006)

Gain of chromosome 17 is the most prevalent genetic abnormality identified in neuroblastoma (NB) and distal 17q gain has prognostic significance in NB. In this report, we have combined array-based comparative genomic hybridization (A-CGH) and gene expression analysis to investigate gene copy number changes and its impact on the gene expression level as well as their association with prognosis genes located on chromosome 17 in NB tumors. We observed differential gains of chromosome 17 between Stages 4- and 4S tumors. We found that WSB1, mapping to 17q11.1, which was frequently gained in 4S- tumors and not changed in 4- tumors, showed strong correlations between expression level and copy number. Furthermore, the increase of WSB1 gene expression is associated with good outcome in patients with NB of all stages. WSB1 also enhances the prognostic prediction when combined with other current prognostic factors in NB. Our results demonstrate that WSB1 copy number correlates with its expression level and that its high expression associates with good prognosis suggesting a possible role of this gene in the biology of favorable outcome NB. This article contains Supplementary Material available at http://www.interscience.wiley.com/jpages/1045-2257/suppmat. Published 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Logic and MRF Circuitry for Labeling Occluding and Thinline Visual Contours (2005)

This paper presents representation and logic for labeling contrast edges and ridges in visual scenes in terms of both surface occlusion (border ownership) and thinline objects. In natural scenes, thinline objects include sticks and wires, while in human graphical communication thinlines include connectors, dividers, and other abstract devices. Our analysis is directed at both natural and graphical domains. The basic problem is to formulate the logic of the interactions among local image events, specifically contrast edges, ridges, junctions, and alignment relations, such as to encode the natural constraints among these events in visual scenes. In a sparse heterogeneous Markov Random Field framework, we define a set of interpretation nodes and energy/potential functions among them. The minimum energy configuration found by Loopy Belief Propagation is shown to correspond to preferred human interpretation across a wide range of prototypical examples including important illusory contour figures such as the Kanizsa Triangle, as well as more difficult examples. In practical terms, the approach delivers correct interpretations of inherently ambiguous hand-drawn box-and-connector diagrams at low computational cost. 1
A Real-Time Video Tracking System (1980)

Object identification and tracking applications of pattern recognition at video rates is a problem of wide interest, with previous attempts limited to very simple threshold or correlation (restricted window) methods. New high-speed algorithms together with fast digital hardware have produced a system for missile and aircraft identification and tracking that possesses a degree of ``intelligence'' not previously implemented in a real-time tracking system. Adaptive statistical clustering and projection-based classification algorithms are applied in real time to identify and track objects that change in appearance through complex and nonstationary background/foreground situations. Fast estimation and prediction algorithms combine linear and quadratic estimators to provide speed and sensitivity. Weights are determined to provide a measure of confidence in the data and resulting decisions. Strategies based on maximizing the probability of maintaining track are developed. This paper emphasizes the theoretical aspects of the system and discusses the techniques used to achieve real-time implementation.
Optical excitation of surface plasmons: An introduction (1991)

Abstract Beginning from low level concepts the basic understanding for the optical excitation of surface plasmons is developed. Prism coupling using the attenuated total reflection technique is discussed as well as the less traditional grating coupling technique. A brief discussion of some recent developments using twisted gratings is also presented. Finally a short summary of the potential device applications is given.
Spread of Excitation and Channel Interaction in Single- and Dual-Electrode Cochlear Implant Stimulation (2011)

SES and DES are equivalent with regard to SOE and channel interaction. The excitation site of DES has the predicted displacement compared with the excitation region induced by the neighboring single-electrode contact. Unfortunately, no predictor for the number of intermediate pitches was found.
High-accuracy measurements of the normal specular reflectance (2008)

The French Laser Megajoule (LMJ) is designed and constructed by the French Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (CEA). Its amplifying section needs highly reflective multilayer mirrors for the flash lamps. To monitor and improve the coating process, the reflectors have to be characterized to high accuracy. The described spectrophotometer is designed to measure normal specular reflectance with high repeatability by using a small spot size of 100 mum. Results are compared with ellipsometric measurements. The instrument can also perform spatial characterization to detect coating nonuniformity.
Electronics: Circuits, Amplifiers and Gates (1991)

Introduced more than a decade ago, the first edition of D.V. Bugg's Electronics: Circuits, Amplifiers and Gates became widely popular for its comprehensive yet concise coverage of all the major introductory topics in electronics. Today, semiconductor chips and integrated circuits are used universally. This second edition was revised and streamlined to focus on the basic principles required to apply this extensive technology.Electronics: Circuits, Amplifiers and Gates, Second Edition offers a complete introduction to the fundamentals of AC and DC circuits along with complex numbers, bandwidth, and operational amplifiers. It includes a description of the working principles of transistors, outlining doping and the operation of the diode, bipolar transistor, and field effect transistor. The book also features a section on digital logic and concludes with more advanced chapters describing resonance and transients and their relation through Fourier analysis.Updated to reflect advances in the field over the past decade, Electronics: Circuits, Amplifiers and Gates, Second Edition is fully illustrated throughout with numerous worked examples and sample problems.
The principle and test results of a large-raster no-mesh return-beam electron-camera readout system (1976)

An electrostatic deflecting lens (EDL) return-beam, electron-camera readout system has been developed and tested. The unique features of the system are the following: 1) there is no field stopping mesh used, therefore, ultra-high resolution becomes possible; 2)the normal landing condition is obtained by making the deflection center coincide with the focal point of the final lens; 3) a large number of beam spot diameter scans are obtained; and 4) magnification factor of the system M is smaller than one. The system was tested at electron landing energies from 70 V to 14 kV. In a 2.86 cm × 2.86 cm raster scan, the typical on-axis modulation transfer function (MTF) at a spatial frequency of 100 lp/mm is 0.67 for high-energy landing and 0.55 for low-energy landing. The linear scan is better than 7000 spot diameters at high-energy landing and around 6000 at low-energy landing. The test results indicate that with some design modification, the EDL system can be used for low-energy surface-scanning electron-microscope (SEM) applications.
Optimized Double-Well Quantum Interferometry with Gaussian Squeezed States (2008)

A Mach-Zender interferometer with a Gaussian number-difference squeezed input state can exhibit sub-shot-noise phase resolution over a large phase interval. We derive the optimal level of squeezing for a given phase interval Deltatheta{0} and particle number N. We then propose an adaptive measurement sequence in which the amount of squeezing is increased with each measurement. With this scheme, any phase on (-Deltatheta{0},Deltatheta{0}) can be measured with a precision of 3.5/N, requiring only 2-4 measurements, provided only that Ntan(Deltatheta{0})<10{40}. In a double-well Bose-Einstein condensate, the optimized input states can be created by adiabatic manipulation of the ground state.
La Bretagne de Tristan Corbière (1972)

Martin Denise. La Bretagne de Tristan Corbière. In: Annales de Bretagne. Tome 79, numéro 3, 1972. pp. 695-721.
Axial Preference of Methylthio Substituent in Dioxaphosphorinanyl Ring System (1975)

The spatial disposition of a 2-methylthio group in the 4-methyl-1,3,2-dioxaphosphorinanyl ring system was studied by stereochemical correlation, 1 H, 13 C and 81 P NM-R. It has been established that a CH 3 S-group prefers an axial orientation much more strongly than does a methoxy group.
Therapeutic hyperthermia: contribution from clinical studies in dogs with spontaneous neoplasia. (1995)

Dogs with spontaneously arising tumors have contributed greatly to the field of therapeutic hyperthermia. Pharmacologic, physiologic and immunologic characterization of the response to hyperthermia combined with radiation and chemotherapy in dogs has helped in development of new heating methods, warned of significant toxicity prior to human testing, and defined the effect of heat on drug distribution and relative potency. Clinical trials have been conducted in dogs with spontaneously arising cancer to refine treatment protocols prior to human clinical testing and have demonstrated the tumor control advantage of combined radiation/hyperthermia compared to radiation only in numerous prospective, phase III trials. These studies can be conducted less expensively and more rapidly than comparable studies in humans. This paradigm demonstrates the value of an intermediate, clinically relevant model in the study of novel treatment strategies and should continue to be used to investigate important issues for the benefit of both humans and animals with cancer.
Galectin-3 and Oncofetal-Fibronectin Expression in Thyroid Neoplasia as Assessed by Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction and Immunochemistry in Cytologic and Pathologic Specimens (2003)

Oncofetal fibronectin (onfFN) and galectin-3 (Gale-3) have been proposed as possible tools for the preoperative diagnosis of thyroid carcinomas, based on the finding that the expression of both onfFN and Gale-3 are significantly increased in papillary and anaplastic carcinomas, compared to normal thyroid tissues and follicular adenomas. In this study we analyzed the expression of these markers by immunochemical and molecular analysis of benign and malignant thyroid tumors. Sixty-five thyroid nodules, consisting of 20 follicular adenomas (FAs) and 45 papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) at final histology were examined. At the molecular level, among the 45 PTCs, 44 (97.8%) showed a variable level of onfFN mRNA, while 8 of the 20 (40%) adenomas expressed the same marker. Similar results have been found analyzing Gale-3 expression: 97.8% of PTC and 55% of FAs were positive for this marker. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) for Gale-3 was positive in 42 of 45 (93.3%) PTC tissues. Staining was invariably confined to the cytoplasm, with a homogeneous distribution in the large majority of the neoplastic cells. The 3 negative cases (6.7%) were represented by 2 classic variants of PTC and 1 follicular variant of PTC. Eighteen of the 20 (90.0%) adenomas stained negative for Gale-3. A significant association was found between positive staining and malignant phenotype (p < 0.0001). Gale-3 protein expression was also performed on samples obtained by ex vivo fine-needle aspiration (FNA) in 35 PTCs by immunocytochemistry (ICC). Immunoreactivity was present in 32 (91.0%) and negative in 3 (8.8%) cases. With the exception of 1 case (negative by ICC and positive by IHC), ICC and IHC were fully concordant. In conclusion, our results indicate that a search for Gale-3 protein overexpression by IIC or ICC, but not by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), may yield an additional marker of malignant potential of thyroid nodular lesions, and may be a useful adjunct to the currently available diagnostic tools for the preoperative diagnosis of malignant thyroid tumors.
Biopolymer-Based Antimicrobial Packaging: A Review (2004)

The term antimicrobialpackaging encompasses any packaging technique(s) used to control microbial growth in a food product. These include packaging materials and edible films and coatings that contain antimicrobial agents and also techniques that modify the atmosphere within the package. In recent years, antimicrobial packaging has attracted much attention from the food industry because of the increase in consumer demand for minimally processed, preservative-free products. Reflecting this demand, the preservative agents must be applied to packaging in such away that only low levels of preservatives come into contact with the food. The film or coating technique is considered to be more effective, although more complicated to apply. New antimicrobial packaging materials are continually being developed. Many of them exploit natural agents to control common food-borne microorganisms. Current trends suggest that, in due course, packaging will generally incorporate antimicrobial agents, and the sealing systems will continue to improve. The focus of packaging in the past has been on the appearance, size, and integrity of the package. A greater emphasis on safety features associated with the addition of antimicrobial agents is perhaps the next area for development in packaging technology.
COMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRY (1996)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTCOMBINATORIAL CHEMISTRYThe drug discovery process is being reshaped by a method that rapidly and efficiently makes huge numbers of molecules available for screening as drug leadsRUDY BAUMCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1996, 74, 7, 28–73Publication Date (Print):February 12, 1996Publication History Published online12 November 2010Published inissue 12 February 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v074n007.p028https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v074n007.p028newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views23Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Combinatorial chemistry Get e-Alerts
Vaccination with Dendritic Cell/Tumor Fusions following Autologous Stem Cell Transplant Induces Immunologic and Clinical Responses in Multiple Myeloma Patients (2013)

The posttransplant period for patients with multiple myeloma provides a unique platform for cellular immunotherapy in which vaccination with dendritic cell/myeloma fusion fusions resulted in the marked expansion of myeloma-specific T cells and cytoreduction of minimal residual disease.
Amino and organic acids of the prickly pear cactus (<i>Opuntia ficus indica</i> L.) (1984)

Abstract The amino acids of prickly pear ( Opuntia ficus indica L.) proteins, free amino acids and nonvolatile organic acids were determined on fresh and lyophilised young pads. The calculated biological value of prickly pear protein was 72.6, relative to egg protein. Trace amounts of malonic, malic and citric acids in material collected at 1800 hours; traces 0.95 and 0.31 mg g −1 , respectively. In similar material analysed at 0600 hours, the concentrations of those acids were 0.36, 9.85, and 1.78 mg g −1 , respectively. Since there was a significant accumulation of the acids during the evening, crassulacean‐type metabolism is suggested.