gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inhibitory Effects of Methanol Extract of Seeds of Job's Tears (<i>Coix Lachryma-Jobi L Var. Ma-Yuen</i>) On Nitric Oxide and Superoxide Production in Raw 264.7 Macrophages (2000)

Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) or superoxide (O2-) by activated macrophages is known to be involved in acute or chronic inflammation. The seeds of Job's Tears (Coix lachryma-jobi L. var. ma-yuen) have been used as anti-inflammatory medicine and health food. However, it is still unclear how the seeds show anti-inflammatory properties. Using murine macrophage-like RAW 264.7 cells, we tried to know whether the overproduction of NO and O2 by activated macrophages could be prevented by the methanol (MeOH) extract of the seeds of Job's Tears. RAW 264.7 cells were activated with interferon-gamma plus lipopolysaccharide to produce NO and with pholbol ester to produce O2-. The MeOH extract showed marked inhibition of NO production by activated RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner via suppression of inducible NO synthase mRNA expression. The MeOH extract also showed inhibition of O2- production by activated RAW 264.7 cells in dose- and time-dependent manners, possibly by interfering with NADPH oxidase machinery of macrophages. Collectively, these results demonstrate that the MeOH extract of the seeds of Job's Tears shows anti-inflammatory properties which may, in part, involve an inhibition of NO and O2- production by activated macrophages.
Toward an OSGi-Based Infrastructure for Context-Aware Applications (2004)

Applications and services must adapt to changing contexts in dynamic environments. However, building context-aware applications is still complex and time-consuming due to inadequate infrastructure support. We propose a context-aware infrastructure for building and rapidly prototyping such applications in a smart-home environment. This OSGi-based infrastructure manages context-aware services reliably and securely and efficiently supports context acquisition, discovery, and reasoning. A formal, ontology-based context model enables semantic context representation, reasoning, and knowledge sharing. We propose an ontology-based context model that leverages Semantic Web technology and OWL (Web Ontology Language). OWL is an ontology markup language that enables context sharing and context reasoning. Based on our context model, we also propose a service-oriented context-aware middleware (SOCAM) architecture, including a set of independent services that perform context discovery, acquisition, and interpretation.
Population sizes and growth pressure responses of intestinal microfloras of deep-sea fish retrieved from the abyssal zone (1995)

The intestinal floras of seven deep-sea fish retrieved at depths of from 3,200 to 5,900 m were examined for population sizes and growth responses to pressure. Large populations of culturable bacteria, ranging from 1.1 x 10(sup6) to 3.6 x 10(sup8) cells per ml of contents, were detected when samples were incubated at conditions characteristic of those of the deep sea. Culturable cell counts at in situ pressures were greater than those at atmospheric pressure in all samples. Most of the strains isolated by the spread-plating method at atmospheric pressure later proved barophilic. Barophilic bacteria were the predominant inhabitants of the abyssal fish intestines.
Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Disulfide‐Linked HPMA Copolymer‐Mesochlorin e<sub>6</sub> Conjugates (2008)

Novel polymeric delivery systems for the photosensitizer mesochlorin e6 (Mce6) were synthesized to overcome problems of systemic toxicity. A disulfide bond was included to allow for quick release of Mce6 from the N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA) copolymer backbone once internalized in tumor tissue. The synthesized conjugates demonstrated a time-dependent reductive cleavage with an accompanying increase in the quantum yield of singlet oxygen generation on exposure to DTT. Quicker release kinetics and a higher cytotoxicity in SKOV-3 human ovarian carcinoma cells were obtained as compared to polymer conjugate with a proteolytically cleavable GFLG spacer. These novel conjugates hold promise as clinically relevant drug delivery systems for photodynamic therapy of cancer.
Kinesisk bredd med amerikansk yta : recension av föreställningen Shen Yun, Stockholm 26 mars 2008 (2008)

Kinesisk bredd med amerikansk yta : recension av forestallningen Shen Yun, Stockholm 26 mars 2008
High technology fibers (1985)

Spectra - the latest entry in the field of high-performance fibres fibres from polybenzoxazoles and polybenzothiazoles bicomponent fibres.
Interrelationships between zinc and immune function. (1986)

Zinc deficiency is a common nutritional problem observed both in human and in animal populations that has profound effects on host defense mechanisms. Using the young adult mouse as a model, it has been demonstrated that a moderate period of suboptimal zinc causes thymic atrophy, lymphopenia, and alterations in the proportions of the various subsets of lymphocytes and mononuclear phagocytes. As a result, antibody-mediated responses to both T cell-dependent and T cell independent antigens are significantly reduced. Cytolytic T cell responses, natural killer (NK) cell activity, and delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) reactions are also depressed. Suboptimal zinc during in utero development of mice causes persistent states of immunodeficiency in the offspring that can even be transferred to subsequent generations. In regard to human immunological consequences of zinc deficiency, patients with the genetic disorder of zinc absorption, acrodermatitis enteropathica, also exhibit atrophic thymuses, lymphopenia, anergic DTH responses, and reduced NK cell activity. Patients suffering from sickle cell anemia or uremia with associated deficiencies in zinc exhibit similar immune deficiencies. An additional outcome of these studies has been shown to be an essential cofactor for thymulin, one of the thymic hormones. Furthermore, addition of zinc salts to culture can polyclonally activate lymphocytes as well as augment responses to mitogens in adjuvant-like manner.
Ploughing on gold using a Scanning Tunneling Microscope (1993)

Purpose of the our experiments is to measure the nominal force on the sample induced by the tip as a function of voltage and tunneling current and use the imaging capabilities of the STM to determine if the sample materials surface can be deformed plastically in a controlled manner by the tip in our investigations we use the tip as a ploughing tool which can be moved in a line to create a furrow, or can be scanned in a plane to displace a pocket of material. This abstract describes how we measure the tunneling force, presents some of the data acquired to date, and shows evidence of plastic deformation caused by the tip.
Cell-laden hydrogel beads, fibers and plates for 3D tissue construction (2013)

In this presentation, I will talk about the recent activity of our group to fabricate thick, highly-dense, heterogeneous 3D tissue structures using MEMS/Microfluidic technology. We prepare cell-laden micro beads, micro fibers and micro plates as building blocks for the 3D construction; the 3D cellular structures can be formed by molding, weaving, and folding of each block. These techniques will be useful for the construction of large-scale 3D tissue architectures that mimic the morphology and function of living tissues in vivo.
Transformation of Geochemical Log Data to Mineralogy Using Genetic Algorithms: ABSTRACT (1995)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
<b>Activity Controlled Cardiac Pacemakers During Stairwalking:</b> A Comparison of Accelerometer with Vibration Guided Devices and with Sinus Rate (1996)

Activity controlled pacemakers are the most widely used rate adaptive systems. We studied second-generation activity controlled systems (accelerometer) in 21 patients with such an accelerometer controlled system implanted during walking level and stairs. We compared them to the rate of vibration controlled, first-generation activity pacemakers and to the sinus rate of a healthy control group. A metronome directed the speed during walking and climbing stairs at 92, 108, and 120 steps/min. At 92 steps/min, the new accelerometer controlled systems showed a significant (P < or = 0.001) pacing rate increase from 107 +/- 8 beats/min during walking level to 124 +/- 8 beats/min during climbing stairs, and a significant decrease to 105 +/- 12 beats/min during walking downstairs. In contrast, first-generation activity controlled pacemakers showed a less physiological rate behavior with higher pacing rate (113 +/- 7 beats/min) walking downstairs than walking upstairs (97 +/- 9). For everyday activities at normal walking speed, accelerometer controlled pacemakers show a more physiological rate behavior than first-generation pacemakers, but they lose this physiological response with faster walking.
Lactoferrin - A Novel Bone Growth Factor (2005)

Lactoferrin is an iron-binding glycoprotein that belongs to the transferrin family. It is present in breast milk, in epithelial secretions, and in the secondary granules of neutrophils. In healthy subjects lactoferrin circulates at concentrations of 2-7 x 10(-6) g/ml. Lactoferrin is a pleiotropic factor with potent antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. Recently, we have shown that lactoferrin can also promote bone growth. At physiological concentrations, lactoferrin potently stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of primary osteoblasts and also acts as a survival factor inhibiting apoptosis induced by serum withdrawal. Lactoferrin also affects osteoclast formation and, in murine bone marrow culture, lactoferrin potently inhibits osteoclastogenesis. In vivo, local injection of lactoferrin above the hemicalvaria of adult mice results in substantial increases in the dynamic histomorphometric indices of bone formation and bone area. The mitogenic effect of lactoferrin in osteoblast-like cells is mediated mainly through LRP1, a member of the family of low-density lipoprotein receptor-related proteins that are primarily known as endocytic receptors. Using confocal laser scanning microscopy, we demonstrated that fluorescently labeled lactoferrin is endocytosed and can be visualized in the cytoplasm of primary osteoblastic cells. Lactoferrin also induces activation of p42/44 MAPK signaling in primary osteoblasts, but the two pathways seem to operate independently as activation of MAPK signaling, but not endocytosis, is necessary for the mitogenic effect of lactoferrin. We conclude that lactoferrin may have a physiological role in bone growth and healing, and a potential therapeutic role as an anabolic factor in osteoporosis.
Design and analysis of architectures and protocols for optical burst-switched networks (2004)

Current fast-growing Internet traffic is demanding increased network capacity each day, as well as support for differentiated services. Wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) technology has provided an opportunity to drastically increase network capacity, while optical burst switching offers all-optical, high-speed, format-transparent switching, which is an essential characteristic for future networks that need to support different classes of data. 
In this report, we analyze several critical issues affecting optical burst-switched networks, such as contention resolution, channel scheduling, burst assembly, signaling, and quality of service (QoS). 
We introduce a new approach called Burst Segmentation, to reduce packet loss during contention resolution. We propose non-preemptive and preemptive scheduling algorithms that use burst segmentation to resolve contention, so as to achieve lower packet loss. 
We also investigate the handling of prioritized data traffic. Our first approach for providing QoS support is by introducing prioritized burst segmentation in the network core network. The prioritized burst segmentation scheme allows high-priority bursts to preempt low-priority bursts and enables full class isolation between bursts of different priorities. In the second approach for providing QoS, we introduce a new technique for assembling packets into a burst referred to as composite burst assembly. In this technique, a composite burst is created by combining packets of different classes into the same burst. We describe a generalized burst assembly framework, and we propose several composite burst assembly methods. In the third approach for supporting QoS, We propose a differentiated threshold-based burst assembly scheme to provide QoS in optical burst-switched networks. Through simulations, we also show the presence of an optimal threshold value of minimizes packet loss for given network parameters. 
We also develop a generalized signaling framework for optical burst-switched networks, and we propose technique called intermediate node initiated (INI) signaling, for optical burst-switched networks. INI can provide different levels of loss and delay characteristics based on the client applications requirements. 
In general, all the proposed solutions solve many of the fundamental issues faced by optical burst-switched networks, thereby making OBS more practical and deployable in the near future.
Interactions of Kid–Kis toxin–antitoxin complexes with the parD operator-promoter region of plasmid R1 are piloted by the Kis antitoxin and tuned by the stoichiometry of Kid–Kis oligomers (2007)

The parD operon of Escherichia coli plasmid R1 encodes a toxin-antitoxin system, which is involved in plasmid stabilization. The toxin Kid inhibits cell growth by RNA degradation and its action is neutralized by the formation of a tight complex with the antitoxin Kis. A fascinating but poorly understood aspect of the kid-kis system is its autoregulation at the transcriptional level. Using macromolecular (tandem) mass spectrometry and DNA binding assays, we here demonstrate that Kis pilots the interaction of the Kid-Kis complex in the parD regulatory region and that two discrete Kis-binding regions are present on parD. The data clearly show that only when the Kis concentration equals or exceeds the Kid concentration a strong cooperative effect exists between strong DNA binding and Kid2-Kis2-Kid2-Kis2 complex formation. We propose a model in which transcriptional repression of the parD operon is tuned by the relative molar ratio of the antitoxin and toxin proteins in solution. When the concentration of the toxin exceeds that of the antitoxin tight Kid2-Kis2-Kid2 complexes are formed, which only neutralize the lethal activity of Kid. Upon increasing the Kis concentration, (Kid2-Kis2)n complexes repress the kid-kis operon.
Bioinspired construction of Mg–Li alloys surfaces with stable superhydrophobicity and improved corrosion resistance (2008)

A facile method was utilized for the construction of the bioinspired superhydrophobic Mg–Li alloy surfaces with peonylike micronanoscale hierarchical structures. The resultant materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and water contact angle measurements. The obtained Mg–Li alloy surfaces presented the dramatically improved corrosion resistance and long-term stable superhydrophobic properties with a static water contact angle of about 160° and a small sliding angle of less than 5°, which may extend the practical application of Mg–Li alloys in industrial and high-technology fields.
Machine Coding of Event Data Using Regional and International Sources (1994)

This article discusses research on the machine coding of international event data from international and regional news sources using the Kansas Event Data System (KEDS). First, we suggest that the definition of an “event” should be modified so that events are explicitly and unambiguously defined in terms of natural language. Second, we discuss KEDS: a Macintosh-based machine coding system using pattern recognition and simple linguistic parsing to code events using the WEIS event categories. Third, we compare the Reuters international news service reports with those of two specialized regional sources: the foreign policy chronologies in the Journal of Palestine Studies and the German language biweekly publication Informationen. We conclude by noting that machine coding, when combined with the numerous sources of machine-readable text that have become available in the past decade, has the potential to provide a much richer source of event data on international political interactions than that currently available. The ease of machine coding should encourage the creation of event coding schemes developed to address specific theoretical concerns; the increased density of these new data sets may allow the study of problems that could not be analyzed before.
Tumor necrosis factor receptor deletion reduces nuclear factor-kappaB activation, cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 expression, and functional recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury. (2001)

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) expression has been documented extensively in animal models of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI). However, the pathophysiological significance of TNF-alpha expression in the injured cord remains to be delineated. The TNF receptor (TNFR)-nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) signal transduction pathway is important for maintaining cell viability. NF-kappaB exerts anti-apoptotic effects via an endogenous caspase inhibitory system mediated by cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (c-IAP2). NF-kappaB transactivates c-IAP2 to inhibit caspase-3 activation. Progressive cell death, including morphological and biochemical features suggestive of apoptosis, has been noted after SCI. We explored the effects of TNFR1 or TNFR2 deletion on the apoptotic events downstream of NF-kappaB in relation to SCI pathology and functional recovery. Nuclear proteins from the injured cords of the TNFR1(-/-) mice had a reduced NF-kappaB binding activity compared with the wild-type controls. This decrease in NF-kappaB activation was accompanied by a reduction in c-IAP2 expression and an increase in the active form of caspase-3 protein. After SCI the TNFR1(-/-) mice had greater numbers of apoptotic cells, a larger lesion size, and worse functional recovery than wild-type mice. TNFR2-deficient mice had a similar, although not as pronounced, consequence as the TNFR1(-/-) mice. These findings support the argument that the TNFR-NF-kappaB pathway is beneficial for limiting apoptotic cell death after SCI and that a defective TNFR-NF-kappaB pathway results in a poorer neurological outcome. A worse functional outcome in TNFR(-/-) mice suggests that an endogenous apoptosis inhibitory mechanism mediated by TNFR activation, NF-kappaB, and c-IAP2 may be of pathophysiological importance.
Prediction of Human MicroRNA Targets (2006)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, nonprotein-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression. Although hundreds of human miRNA genes have been discovered, the functions of most of these are unknown. Computational predictions indicate that miRNAs, which account for at least 1% of human protein-coding genes, regulate protein production for thousands of or possibly all of human genes. We discuss the functions of mammalian miRNAs and the experimental and computational methods used to detect and predict human miRNA target genes. Anticipating their impact on genome-wide discovery of miRNA targets, we describe the various computational tools and web-based resources available to predict miRNA targets.
The intersections between<i>O</i>-GlcNAcylation and phosphorylation: implications for multiple signaling pathways (2009)

A paradigm-changing discovery in biology came about when it was found that nuclear and cytosolic proteins could be dynamically glycosylated with a single O-linked beta-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) moiety. O-GlcNAcylation is akin to phosphorylation: it occurs on serine and/or threonine side chains of proteins, and cycles rapidly upon cellular activation. O-GlcNAc and phosphate show a complex interplay: they can either competitively occupy a single site or proximal sites, or noncompetitively occupy different sites on a substrate. Phosphorylation regulates O-GlcNAc-cycling enzymes and, conversely, O-GlcNAcylation controls phosphate-cycling enzymes. Such crosstalk is evident in all compartments of the cell, a finding that is congruent with the fundamental role of O-GlcNAc in regulating nutrient- and stress-induced signal transduction. O-GlcNAc transferase is recruited to the plasma membrane in response to insulin and is targeted to substrates by forming transient holoenzyme complexes that have different specificities. Cytosolic O-GlcNAcylation is important for the proper transduction of signaling cascades such as the NFkappaB pathway, whereas nuclear O-GlcNAc is crucial for regulating the activity of numerous transcription factors. This Commentary focuses on recent findings supporting an emerging concept that continuous crosstalk between phosphorylation and O-GlcNAcylation is essential for the control of vital cellular processes and for understanding the mechanisms that underlie certain neuropathologies.
IMS Threat and Attack Surface Analysis Using Common Vulnerability Scoring System (2011)

For the purposes of this study, IMS specifications and public sources were analyzed using the general attack surface analysis methodology. These findings were verified and augmented by active scanning and passive analysis of the available real-world IMS test setups that were investigated during the project. As various tests and security probes were performed against the test setups, the system behaviour was analyzed for previously undetermined interactions and transient attack surfaces. After the IMS attack vectors had been identified, the Common Vulnerability Scoring System version 2 (CVSSv2) Base Scores were used to prioritize the IMS attack surface interfaces. CVSS is an industry standard for classifying vulnerabilities. It must be noted however that the idea of applying CVSS scoring to an a priori comparison of vulnerability categories and potential attack surfaces is original research by the authors of this study.
Blockchain Thinking : The Brain as a Decentralized Autonomous Corporation [Commentary] (2015)

Reports on the concept of blockchains, a new form of information technology that could have several important future applications. One is blockchain thinking, formulating thinking as a blockchain process. This could have benefits for both artificial intelligence and human enhancement, and their potential integration. Blockchain thinking is outlined here as an input-processing-output computational system.