gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
COIN-GPS (2014)

Due to poor signal strength, multipath effects, and limited on-device computation power, common GPS receivers do not work indoors. This work addresses these challenges by using a steerable, high-gain directional antenna as the front-end of a GPS receiver along with a robust signal processing step and a novel location estimation technique to achieve direct GPS-based indoor localization. By leveraging the computing power of the cloud, we accommodate longer signals for acquisition, and remove the requirement of decoding timestamps or ephemeris data from GPS signals. We have tested our system in 31 randomly chosen spots inside five single-story, indoor environments such as stores, warehouses and shopping centers. Our experiments show that the system is capable of obtaining location fixes from 20 of these spots with a median error of less than 10 m, where all normal GPS receivers fail.
The effect of adherence to therapy on sustained response in daily or three times a week interferon alpha‐2b plus ribavirin treatment of naïve and nonresponder chronic hepatitis C patients (2005)

The aim was to demonstrate adherence to treatment has been suggested to enhance rates of sustained response in patients with hepatitis C. In this study, we evaluated the effect of drug dosage reduction or the duration of the expected therapy in patients treated with interferon (IFN)-alpha2b plus ribavirin. Virologic response rates were re-analysed according to compliance to therapy in (i) 301 naive and (ii) 142 nonresponders to previous IFN therapy treated with either IFN 5 MU TIW for 8 weeks followed by IFN 3 MU TIW for 40 weeks plus ribavirin or IFN 3 MU QD for 16 weeks followed by IFN 3 MU TIW for 24 weeks plus ribavirin. Patients were separated into those who adhered to > or =80% of their intended treatment schedule (dose of both drugs and duration) and those who did not. Compliance to treatment resulted in significantly higher response rates in both groups of patients: 43.93% compared with 6.90% of noncompliant naive patients and 30.77% compared with 10.53% of nonresponder patients. Compliance to treatment was found to have a similar effect when the results were analysed according to HCV genotype. Our findings suggest that compliance to treatment for > or =80% of the intended treatment schedule results in significantly higher sustained response rates in both naive and nonresponder patients. Consequently, every effort should be made to improve patient adherence to therapy.
Synthesis and Characterization of Copper doped ZnO nanoparticles (2010)

Nanocrystals of undoped and copper doped zinc oxide (Zn1-x Cu x O (where x = 0.00 to 0.05) were synthesized by coprecipitation method. Crystalline phases and optical absorption of prepared samples were determined by X-ray diffraction and UV-visible spectrophotometer. The average particles size was determined from X-ray line broadening. X-ray analyses reveals that Cu doped ZnO crystallizes in hexagonal wurtzite structure. The incorporation of Cu+2 in the place of Zn2+ provoked an increase in the size of nanocrystals as compared to undoped or pure ZnO. Optical absorption measurement indicates red shift in the absorption band edge upon Cu doping. The band gap decreases from 3.15 eV to 2.92 eV with copper (5 %) doping at temperature 450 oC.
Narrowing the distance: Using<i>There are no children here</i>in the classroom (1993)

This paper describes a pedagogical process used in an introductory criminal justice class to challenge typical university students' preconceptions and beliefs about the personal and neighborhood factors that most often characterize crime and criminals. Students were asked to respond to the similarities and differences between themselves and the characters in Alex Kotlowitz's (1991) book There Are No Children Here. They also were asked to relate the book conceptually to issues discussed in the classroom. In contrast to their earlier expressions of ideological narrowness, the students' response papers reflected consistent themes of injustice, powerlessness, unfair police or court practices, and racism. The students were able to stop distancing themselves from “criminals” and to examine how social disorganization and social institutions shape individuals' hopes and opportunities.
Reasoning about accountability in protocols for electronic commerce (2002)

A new framework is proposed for the analysis of communication protocols that require accountability, such as those for electronic commerce. Informal arguments are presented to show that a heretofore un-explored property "provability" is pertinent to examine the potential use of communication protocols in the context of litigation, and in the context of audit. A set of postulates which are applicable to the analysis of proofs in general (e.g., zero knowledge proofs), and the proofs of accountability in particular, are proposed. The proposed approach is more natural for the analysis of accountability then the existing belief logics that have been used in the past for the analysis of key distribution protocols. Some recently proposed protocols for electronic commerce and public-key delegation are analyzed to illustrate the use of the new analysis framework in detecting (and suggesting remedies for eliminating) their lack of accountability, and in detecting and eliminating redundancies.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Impact of Antioxidants and HDL on Glycated LDL–Induced Generation of Fibrinolytic Regulators From Vascular Endothelial Cells (2000)

Hyperglycemia and dyslipoproteinemia are biochemical markers of diabetes mellitus (DM). Elevated levels of plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) with and without reduction of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) in plasma have been frequently found in patients with DM. Our previous studies indicated that glycation enhances low density lipoprotein (LDL)-induced production of PAI-1 and further decreases tPA generation in vascular endothelial cells (ECs). The present study demonstrated that treatment with antioxidants, butylated hydroxytoluene or vitamin E, blocked native LDL- and glycated LDL-induced changes in PAI-1 and tPA generation in ECs. Native or glycated high density lipoprotein (HDL) did not significantly alter tPA generation in ECs. Glycated but not native HDL (>/=100 microg/mL) moderately increased PAI-1 release from ECs. Cotreatment with native or glycated HDL inhibited LDL-induced or glycated LDL-induced changes in PAI-1 and tPA generation in ECs. The abundance of conjugated dienes was increased in glycated or EC-modified LDL. Treatment with butylated hydroxytoluene, vitamin E, or HDL reduced the abundance of conjugated dienes in glycated or EC-modified LDL. The effects of antioxidants and HDL on LDL-induced or its glycated LDL-induced changes in the generation of PAI-1 and tPA were also found in cultured human coronary artery ECs. The findings of the present study suggest that antioxidants and HDL may attenuate native LDL- or glycated LDL-induced changes in the generation of fibrinolytic regulators from vascular ECs, which possibly results from their inhibition on the lipid peroxidation of LDL particles. Treatment with antioxidants or hypolipidemic agents potentially improves fibrinolytic activity and reduces thrombotic tendencies in patients with DM.
Generating Representative Headlines for News Stories (2020)

Millions of news articles are published online every day, which can be overwhelming for readers to follow. Grouping articles that are reporting the same event into news stories is a common way of assisting readers in their news consumption. However, it remains a challenging research problem to efficiently and effectively generate a representative headline for each story. Automatic summarization of a document set has been studied for decades, while few studies have focused on generating representative headlines for a set of articles. Unlike summaries, which aim to capture most information with least redundancy, headlines aim to capture information jointly shared by the story articles in short length, and exclude information that is too specific to each individual article. In this work, we study the problem of generating representative headlines for news stories. We develop a distant supervision approach to train large-scale generation models without any human annotation. This approach centers on two technical components. First, we propose a multi-level pre-training framework that incorporates massive unlabeled corpus with different quality-vs.-quantity balance at different levels. We show that models trained within this framework outperform those trained with pure human curated corpus. Second, we propose a novel self-voting-based article attention layer to extract salient information shared by multiple articles. We show that models that incorporate this layer are robust to potential noises in news stories and outperform existing baselines with or without noises. We can further enhance our model by incorporating human labels, and we show our distant supervision approach significantly reduces the demand on labeled data.
Sokoto Coventry Fingerprint Dataset (2018)

This paper presents the Sokoto Coventry Fingerprint Dataset (SOCOFing), a biometric fingerprint database designed for academic research purposes. SOCOFing is made up of 6,000 fingerprint images from 600 African subjects. SOCOFing contains unique attributes such as labels for gender, hand and finger name as well as synthetically altered versions with three different levels of alteration for obliteration, central rotation, and z-cut. The dataset is freely available for noncommercial research purposes at: https://www.kaggle.com/ruizgara/socofing
Heptagon‐Embedded Pentacene: Synthesis, Structures, and Thin‐Film Transistors of Dibenzo[<i>d</i>,<i>d</i>′]benzo[1,2‐<i>a</i>:4,5‐<i>a</i>′]dicycloheptenes (2014)

This study presents a new class of conjugated polycyclic molecules that contain seven-membered rings, detailing their synthesis, crystal structures and semiconductor properties. These molecules have a nearly flat C6-C7-C6-C7-C6 polycyclic framework with a p-quinodimethane core. With field-effect mobilities of up to 0.76 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) as measured from solution-processed thin-film transistors, these molecules are alternatives to the well-studied pentacene analogues for applications in organic electronic devices.
Automatic Design Optimization of Profiled Endwalls Including Real Geometrical Effects to Minimize Turbine Secondary Flows (2016)

This paper presents a novel optimization methodology based on both adjoint sensitivity analysis and trust-based dynamic response surface modeling to improve the performance of a modern turbine of a large civil aero-engine in the presence of high-fidelity geometry configurations. The system has been applied to the nonaxisymmetric hub and tip endwall optimization of a high-pressure turbine stage making use of multirow 3D simulations, parametric modeling, and rapid meshing of real geometry features such as rim seals and modeling of film cooling flows. It has been shown in previous papers that improvements gained using simplified models of the stage are lost when applying the high-fidelity geometry configuration. New results presented in this paper indicate that controlling the purge flow that exits the disk space through the rim seal at the hub of the main annulus is more significant than the reduction of secondary flows in the main passage. For a given rim sealing mass flow rate and whirl velocity, the nonaxisymmetric endwalls are optimized such that the detrimental impact of the sealing flow on the turbine performance is reduced, and hence, the stage efficiency is significantly increased. The traditional optimization approaches based on evolutionary methods or even sequential modifications for defining the endwalls shape are computationally demanding. Since turbomachinery industry continuously strive to reduce the design cycle time, in particular when high-fidelity 3D computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used, the main body of this paper outlines the novel methods developed to produce a practical design in a very aggressively short design cycle time.
Expanding DNAzyme functionality through enzyme cascades with applications in single nucleotide repair and tunable DNA-directed assembly of nanomaterials (2012)

Many biological functions require two or more enzymes working together in cascades. While many examples of protein and RNA enzyme cascades are known, few enzyme cascades containing solely DNAzymes have been reported. Herein we demonstrate the combination of an 8-17 DNAzyme with RNA cleavage activity and an E47 DNAzyme with DNA ligation activity to achieve a new function of single ribonucleotide repair in DNA while maintaining the integrity of the original DNA sequence, which is difficult for a single DNAzyme to achieve. In addition, this method is applied to modify the sequences of DNA strands immobilized on the surface of nanoparticles to control the DNA-directed assembly selectively and sequentially. Such an approach can be applied to other DNAzymes with different activities to expand the functions of DNAzymes and the scope of their applications.
Bioartificial Livers (1999)

The field of research on bioartificial organs is a relatively young one. Although methods of artificial support of patients with dysfunctional livers, lungs, hearts, and kidneys have been utilized for many years, efforts to create bioartificial organs, containing biological and artificial components in the devices, have reached significant levels only within the last decade. The bioartificial organ field is a natural outcome of investigations into organ culture, cell culture, extracellular matrix, hormonally and chemically defined media, signal transduction studies, stem cell biology, and regulation of tissue-specific gene expression. Ideas and techniques from all of these fields are being woven by investigators, especially by engineers, into approaches for the creation of highly sophisticated bioartificial organs. Although efforts are ongoing to develop bioartificial organs for many tissue types, the most advanced to date are those on the liver. Therefore, this review will focus, of necessity, on bioartificial livers as representative of the field.
Polymer layer and tilt angle of polymer-sustained-alignment liquid crystal displays (2014)

We determined the tilt angle of polymer-sustained-alignment liquid crystal displays (PSA-LCDs) through experiments and simulations of the polar angle of the director of LC molecules. We clarified that LC molecules are anchored by the polymer layer as they polymerize and stack on the surface of the alignment layer with UV irradiation. Anchored LC molecules at the surface of the polymer layer align unanchored LC molecules of PSA-LCDs. The tilt angle of LC molecules at the surface of the polymer is identical to the polar angle of LC molecules at the same surface when a voltage is applied and UV is irradiated in the PSA process. By checking the tilt angle of PSA-LCDs, the thickness of the polymer can be estimated. We investigated the relationship between the thickness of the polymer and the concentration of the monomer or photoinitiator in the LC material.
Transbase: a Leading-edge ROLAP Engine Supporting Multidimensional Indexing and Hierarchy Clustering. (2003)

Fiction reading experience affects emotion recognition abilities, yet the causal link remains underspecified. Current theory suggests fiction reading promotes the simulation of fictional minds, which supports emotion recognition skills. We examine the extent to which contextualized statistical experience with emotion category labels in language is associated with emotion recognition. Using corpus analyses, we demonstrate fiction texts reliably use emotion category labels in an emotive sense (e.g., <i>cry of relief</i>), whereas other genres often use alternative senses (e.g., <i>hurricane relief fund</i>). Furthermore, fiction texts were shown to be a particularly reliable source of information about complex emotions. The extent to which these patterns affect human emotion concepts was analyzed in two behavioral experiments. In experiment 1 (<i>n</i> = 134), experience with fiction text predicted recognition of emotions employed in an emotive sense in fiction texts. In experiment 2 (<i>n</i> = 387), fiction reading experience predicted emotion recognition abilities, overall. These results suggest that long-term language experience, and fiction reading, in particular, supports emotion concepts through exposure to these emotions in context.
Adhesion of poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels by the electrophoretic manipulation of phenylboronic acid copolymers (2015)

With the aim of developing 3D soft materials with biocompatibility and non-toxicity properties, in this study, we attempted the rapid adhesion of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels to each other by using an electric field and water-soluble intermediate phenylboronic acid copolymers. PVA hydrogels adhered to each other following the electrophoretic manipulation of poly(3-methacrylamidophenylboronic acid-co-N,N-dimethylacrylamide) copolymers at the interface of the PVA hydro gels. The adhered PVA interface was stable under the physiological conditions, but detachment was observed in the presence of an excess amount of sugar and acid. Detached gels re-adhered under the same conditions, indicating that the adhesion of the hydrogels exhibits repeatability. The electrophoretic adhesion of PVA and related hydrogels may be useful in the field of tissue engineering for the development of on-demand 3D scaffolds.
Schistosomiasis (2013)

Schistosomiasis is the second most important parasitic disease in the world in terms of public health impact. Globally, it is estimated that the disease affects over 200 million people and is responsible for 200,000 deaths each year. The three major schistosomes infecting humans are Schistosoma mansoni, S. japonicum, and S. haematobium. Much immunological research has focused on schistosomiasis because of the pathological effects of the disease, which include liver fibrosis and bladder dysfunction. This unit covers a wide range of aspects with respect to maintaining the life cycles of these parasites, including preparation of schistosome egg antigen, maintenance of intermediate snail hosts, infection of the definitive and intermediate hosts, and others. The unit primarily focuses on S. mansoni, but also includes coverage of S. japonicum and S. haematobium life cycles.
Big Data Technology Literature Review (2015)

A short overview of various algorithms and technologies that are helpful for big data storage and manipulation. Includes pointers to papers for further reading, and, where applicable, pointers to open source projects implementing a described storage type.
Liver Function Status of Hypertensive and Normotensive Rats Administered Persea americana Mill. (Avocado) Seeds (2010)

The effects of aqueous seed extract of Persea americana var. fuerte (avocado) on body weight, blood pressure, serum levels of total protein, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases were investigated. Thirty albino rats were divided into six groups of 5 rats each; group 1 (normal control), group 2 (hypertensive control), group 3 (hypertensive+200 mg/kg), group 4 (hypertensive+500 mg/kg), group 5 (hypertensive+700 mg/kg) and group 6 (normal+200 mg/kg). Except for group 1 and 6, which received 100% growers mash, all other groups received 92% growers mash and 8% NaCl as their daily meal for 4 weeks. Results showed significantly (P 0.05) differences in protein, albumin, alanine and aspartate aminotransferases of normal and hypertensive rats administered the different doses of the aqueous seed extract. Alkaline phosphatase activity were significantly reduced in normal rats administered the aqueous seed extract. This work justifies the use of avocado seeds in the treatment of hypertension and demonstrates its antihepatotoxic effect.
Aerobic oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid in water under mild conditions (2014)

Pd/C@Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> catalyst showed high catalytic activity in the oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid under mild reaction conditions.
Polylactide−Poly(ethylene glycol) Copolymers as Drug Delivery Systems. 1. Characterization of Water Dispersible Micelle-Forming Systems (1996)

Copolymers of polylactide and poly(ethylene glycol) (PLA−PEG), which self-disperse in water to form spherical nonionic micelles, have been investigated as a novel biodegradable drug delivery system. These copolymers are defined by the molecular weight ratios of their polylactide to poly(ethylene glycol) components (1.5:2 PLA−PEG and 2:5 PLA−PEG) and gave two peaks when purified by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The first peak consisted of spherical micelles with a diameter of 15.6 nm for 1.5:2 PLA−PEG, and 18.9 nm for 2:5 PLA−PEG micelles after analysis by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The second peak was a PLA-depleted species resulting from the synthesis and did not form micelles. Testosterone and sudan black B (SBB), which have different hydrophobicities, were used as “model drugs” to evaluate the drug loading ability of the micelles. Ultracentrifugation sedimentation velocity studies confirmed that solubilization of the model drugs had occurred by micellar incorporation. Higher drug loading was obtained for the 1.5:2 PLA−PEG micelles (63.9% (w/w) of SBB, 0.74% (w/w) of testosterone) than for the 2:5 PLA−PEG micelles (59.0% (w/w) of SBB, 0.34% (w/w) of testosterone). The amount of testosterone solubilized was therefore significantly lower than SBB for both copolymers. Stability testing in the presence of salt suggested that the micelles had sterically stabilized surfaces. In vivo studies in the rat, using a radioactive marker, showed that PLA−PEG micelles demonstrated extended circulation times in the blood during the period of study (3 h). The 1.5:2 PLA−PEG showed increased blood levels and lower uptake of the micelles by the liver compared to the 2:5 PLA−PEG micelles. This is thought to be due to differences in the packing density of the copolymer molecules on the micelle surface.
A General Theory of Wireless Power Transfer via Inductive Links (2015)

This thesis presents a comprehensive theory of wireless power transfer via inductive links. Design-oriented analysis is used to offer a different and insightful perspective. This thesis analyzes different architectures of wireless power transfer and different ways to realize stable power delivery over distance variations. Among various techniques for maintaining stable power delivery, a frequency-adapting architecture is proposed and implemented, in which an oscillator is used as the driver as compared with the traditional implementation of using power amplifier as the driver. The experimental results indicate that oscillator driven wireless power transfer system could self-tune to the optimal frequency and maintain stable power delivery over distance variation at a high power transfer efficiency.
High efficiency telecom rectifier using a novel soft-switched boost-based input current shaper (2002)

A novel snubber circuit for the constant frequency pulsewidth-modulation (PWM) boost converter is presented to provide soft-switching transitions for the power switches and thus to reduce the power losses, component stresses, and noise generation. The proposed topology is very useful for the input current shapers in AC-AC applications. The operation of the circuit including its control block is explained and illustrated for a 1.5 kW, 100 kHz high-performance power-factor-corrected telecommunication rectifier.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>