gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applications of a compact photothermal-deflection-based setup for trace-gas detection in real-time in situ environmental monitoring and chemical analysis (1997)

We present the application of a compact setup for real-time in situ trace-gas detection based on photothermal beam deflection (mirage-effect) spectroscopy to environmental monitoring and chemical analysis. The setup provides many advantages for local (nonremote) detection applications, such as rapid response and high sensitivity under true in situ conditions. The detection limit of C(2)H(4) in open air is estimated to be 0.25 parts in 10(9), based on concentration calibration with the dominant noise that is due to atmospheric turbulence on a time scale of 1 s. Detection limits are extrapolated for other species, and applications are explored by real-time measurements of gas emissions from a variety of solid and semisolid samples.
Behavioral Assessment of the Senescence-accelerated Mouse (SAM P8 and R1) (1998)

Senescence-accelerated mice (SAM P8 and R1) were behaviorally assessed in a cross-sectional study at 4 and 15 months of age. Behavioral measures included memory (place discrimination and repeated acquisition in a water maze), sensorimotor performance (turning in an alley, traversing bridges, wire rod hanging, and falls from a wire screen), psychomotor performance (open-field exploration), and emotionality (entries in a plus maze, grooming, and defecation in a plus maze and in an open field). In the water maze, aged P8 mice were impaired in place discrimination and in repeated acquisition tasks, demonstrating evidence of an age-related decline in spatial memory processing abilities. The demonstration of this impairment, however, was complicated by noncognitive factors, such as the tendency of many older P8 mice to float. Sensorimotor skill impairment was accelerated with age in P8 mice, but not in R1 mice, and this impairment was present despite the lack of age-related changes in body weight in P8 mice. Although P8 and R1 mice were not different in general activity at old age, P8 mice were substantially more hyperactive in an open field and in the plus maze than R1 mice when compared at young age. Independent of age, P8 mice demonstrated a reduction of anxiety-like behavior in the plus maze. Taken as a whole, the data suggest that although age-related behavioral alterations occur in the P8 mice, some of these changes are evident at 4 months of age. Thus, the behavioral abnormalities that exist not only represent an accelerated aging phenomenon but may also be considered a developmental pathology.
Determination of the system matrix used in list-mode EM reconstruction of PET (2007)

The system matrix bridges measured lines-of-response (LORs) in PET to the object being imaged. Accurate determination of the system matrix remains challenging since every object is different and pre-computing and storing the entire matrix is not feasible due to the large number of scintillation crystals present in current PET scanners. A ray tracing algorithm in list-mode expectation-maximization (EM) reconstruction is commonly used to simplify and calculate the system matrix on-the-fly. The EM algorithm requires an estimate of the sensitivity image which is the summation of the system matrix over all possible LORs and is sometimes computed through a limited sampling of possible LORs. A problem with this approach is that the variation within the sensitivity image can contribute a large amount to the variance of reconstruction through error propagation. Furthermore, it is not feasible to accurately model the detector response for each reconstruction. In this study, we approximated the sensitivity image to be object-independent, thus making it possible to use an accurate Monte Carlo simulator such as GATE to model all interactions within the detector and to pre-compute the sensitivity image only once. Traditionally, the measured LORs contain paired detector IDs but no 3D position information due to limited spatial resolution. We propose a method to model the 3D positions of LORs including the depth of interaction (DOI) in the determination of the system matrix. We investigated the impact of using different techniques for assigning the end-point positions of the LOR in the projection and backprojection operations. Results showed that assigning the end-points to be located in the center of the crystal surface provided the worst performance. Better performance could be achieved by either randomly perturbing the end-points in 2D (across the crystal face), or 3D (including depth) in a 2D PET. The best performance was achieved by using a Monte Carlo derived position distribution. In conclusion, combining a Monte Carlo simulated sensitivity image for a given PET system with a correct LOR 3D position sampling according to a realistic photon distribution in the corresponding detector crystals can significantly improve list-mode EM reconstruction.
A 10-b, 1-GSample/s track-and-hold amplifier using SiGe BiCMOS technology (2004)

An open-loop pseudo differential BiCMOS track-and-hold amplifier (THA) employs a new adaptive-biased input buffer to maintain performance at high input frequencies. An auxiliary THA undergoes all linearity-degrading loading impacts to generate compensating signals. These signals are exploited to improve the hold-mode suppression in the main THA. Designed total harmonic distortion (THD) is -63.7 dB at Nyquist condition, f/sub in/=500 MHz, with full-scale differential input swing of 1 V. Fabricated in a 0.5 /spl mu/m, 40 GHz BiCMOS process, the THA core consumes 164 mW from a 3.5 V power supply and occupies an active area of 1 mm/sup 2/. The hold-mode feed through measures -54 dB at f/sub in/=93.75 MHz and the droop rate is -0.33 /spl mu/V/nS.
Endogenous cannabinoid release within prefrontal-limbic pathways affects memory consolidation of emotional training (2014)

Previous studies have provided extensive evidence that administration of cannabinoid drugs after training modulates the consolidation of memory for an aversive experience. The present experiments investigated whether the memory consolidation is regulated by endogenously released cannabinoids. The experiments first examined whether the endocannabinoids anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl glycerol (2-AG) are released by aversive training. Inhibitory avoidance training with higher footshock intensity produced increased levels of AEA in the amygdala, hippocampus, and medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) shortly after training in comparison with levels assessed in rats trained with lower footshock intensity or unshocked controls exposed only to the training apparatus. In contrast, 2-AG levels were not significantly elevated. The additional finding that posttraining infusions of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor URB597, which selectively increases AEA levels at active synapses, administered into the basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLA), hippocampus, or mPFC enhanced memory strongly suggests that the endogenously released AEA modulates memory consolidation. Moreover, in support of the view that this emotional training-associated increase in endocannabinoid neurotransmission, and its effects on memory enhancement, depends on the integrity of functional interactions between these different brain regions, we found that disruption of BLA activity blocked the training-induced increases in AEA levels as well as the memory enhancement produced by URB597 administered into the hippocampus or mPFC. Thus, the findings provide evidence that emotionally arousing training increases AEA levels within prefrontal-limbic circuits and strongly suggest that this cannabinoid activation regulates emotional arousal effects on memory consolidation.
Inhibition of Cell Cycle Progression by the Alternatively Spliced Integrin β <sub>1C</sub> (1995)

Integrins regulate cell growth, differentiation, and behavior in many systems. Integrin beta 1C (beta 1S) is an alternatively spliced variant of integrin beta 1 with a specific cytoplasmic domain and is expressed in several human tissues. Human beta 1c transiently expressed in mouse 10T1/2 fibroblasts showed a diffuse pattern of cell surface staining, whereas beta1 localized to focal adhesions. Moderate concentrations of beta 1C had no effect on actin stress fibers or focal adhesions, but markedly inhibited DNA synthesis. Inhibition by beta 1C mapped to the late G1 phase of the cell cycle, near the G1-S boundary. Thus, alternative splicing of beta1 results in transmission of distinct signals that may regulate growth in vivo.
In Situ Determination of the NiAs Phase of FeO at High Pressure and Temperature (1994)

In situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction measurements of FeO at high pressures and high temperatures revealed that the high-pressure phase of FeO has the NiAs structure (B8). The lattice parameters of this NiAs phase at 96 gigapascals and 800 kelvin are a = 2.574(2) angstroms and c = 5.172(4) angstroms (the number in parentheses is the error in the last digit). Metallic behavior of the high-pressure phase is consistent with a covalently and metallically bonded NiAs structure of FeO. Transition to the NiAs structure of FeO would enhance oxygen solubility in molten iron. This transition thus provides a physiochemical basis for the incorporation of oxygen into the Earth's core.
Spray Reagent for Detection of Carbohydrates (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpray Reagent for Detection of CarbohydratesR. U. Lemieux and H. F. BauerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1954, 26, 5, 920–921Publication Date (Print):May 19, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 19 May 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60089a036https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60089a036research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views240Altmetric-Citations140LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Design Issues in the ISDN U-Interface Transceiver (1986)

The design challenges faced in the integrated circuit realization of the basic customer access U-interface transceiver at 144 kbits/s in the integrated services digital network (ISDN) are summarized. Given the cost and performance objectives, this represents a very challenging design problem from an algorithmic and technology point of view. This survey paper describes the alternative design approaches concentrating on algorithmic issues as opposed to circuit design issues, in the context of the echo cancellation (EC) method of full duplex data transmission. Particular emphasis is given to the areas of echo cancellation, equalization, line code selection, and timing recovery.
A hole filling algorithm for depth image based rendering based on gradient information (2013)

The Depth Image Based Rendering (DIBR) is a method for generating new virtual images from known viewpoints, and the hole problem is one of the most critical issues in DIBR. In this paper, a new hole-filling technique based on gradient informaton is proposed to improve the quality of the images generated by 3D image warping. Firstly, a virtual image is created by DIBR. Then, the gradient information is used as auxiliary information when searching for the best matching block. Experimental results show that the presented algorithm provides better effects than others.
Improving photocatalytic performance of ZnO via synergistic effects of Ag nanoparticles and graphene quantum dots (2015)

Herein, we reported a simple and "green" method for preparing the ternary photocatalyst Ag-graphene quantum dots (GQDs)-ZnO. In this method, an aqueous solution of GQDs not only acted as a substituent for the organic solvent for preparing the ZnO precursor but was also used as a reducing agent for the in situ synthesis of Ag nanoparticles (NPs). X-ray diffraction analysis and scanning electron microscopy were employed to confirm the effects of the GQD solution as a solvent on the ZnO structure. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the synthesis of Ag NPs in the GQD solution as well as the formation of close interconnections between them. Furthermore, photocatalytic tests involving the degradation of Rhodamine B showed that the synthesized ternary photocatalyst displayed excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity, which was much higher than that of pure ZnO and binary photocatalysts such as Ag-ZnO and GQDs-ZnO. We believe that this method will lead to the "green" synthesis of hybrid metal/carbon/semiconductor photocatalysts with higher photocatalytic activities.
Rayleigh Scattering in Silica Glasses (1996)

Rayleigh‐scattering properties in commercial silica glasses is clarified with relation to their fabrication methods. Fused silica and synthetic silica made by the flame hydrolysis of SiCl 4 (VAD) method exhibit similar magnitudes of scattering, regardless of fabrication method. Synthetic silica made by flame fusion of SiCl 4 exhibits ∼10% lower scattering than other silica glasses. The factors affecting scattering are evaluated based on refractive index dispersion and glass transition temperature (T g ). The results suggest that the difference in Rayleigh scattering is predominantly attributable to the difference in T g , which is affected by impurities, such as OH ions.
High permeability and salt rejection reverse osmosis by a zeolite nano-membrane (2013)

The possibility of employing a zeolite nano-membrane for seawater desalination is studied using comprehensive molecular dynamics simulations. Two types of zeolite with different wetting properties, the hydrophilic FAU and hydrophobic MFI, are used as the reverse osmosis (RO) membrane. Both can reach nearly 100% rejection of salt ions, and when the membrane thickness is smaller than 3.5 nm, the permeability is about 2 × 10(-9) m Pa(-1) s(-1), which is two orders of magnitude higher than that of the commercial state-of-the-art RO membrane. The relation between the permeability and thickness of the zeolite membrane is studied through the pressure drop-flux dependence. The pressure drop is linearly dependent on the thickness of the zeolite membrane. As the thickness approaches nanoscale, the end effect of water molecules entering the zeolite membrane has apparent influence on the pressure drop. For the FAU membrane the hydrophilicity can assist the water molecules entering the nanopore with reduced pressure drop, while for the hydrophobic MFI zeolite additional pressure drop arises from the capillary resistance. In order to sustain the pressure drop during desalination, the nanoscale zeolite membrane should be placed on a porous substrate and the ratio of the thickness of the nano-membrane to the radius of the supporting pore in the substrate should be properly optimized.
Indium Triflate: An Efficient Catalyst For Acylation Reactions (1999)

Indium triflate is shown to be an extremely efficient catalyst for the acylation of alcohols and amines.
Model‐based CD–SEM metrology at low and ultralow landing energies: implementation and results for advanced IC manufacturing (2005)

Abstract Critical Shape Metrology (CSM), a Critical Dimension Scanning Electron Microscope (CD‐SEM)‐based technique that extracts accurate feature shape information from images obtained during routine in‐line wafer inspection as a means of minimizing measurement bias, is described and explored experimentally. CSM uses intensity profiles from CD‐SEM images of known materials that are compared in real time to profiles contained in an off‐line generated Monte Carlo SEM simulation library. The library of intensity waveforms spans the range of expected geometric feature shapes and material compositions. Extensive comparison of CSM results to accepted reference measurement system measurements using Critical Dimension Atomic Force Microscopes, cross‐sectional SEMs and Focused Ion Beams are made. Agreement of the CSM method to each of these is shown to be better than 1% or within experimental uncertainty and significantly better agreement than traditional CD metrology algorithms. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Graft Polymerization: Starch as a Model Substrate (1999)

AA acrylic acid ACN acrylonitrile AGU anhydroglucose unit BMA butyl methacrylate CAN ceric ammonium nitrate EMA ethyl methacrylate MA methyl acrylate MMA methyl methacrylate A graft copolymer is a ...
Polymeric Modification of Graphene through Esterification of Graphite Oxide and Poly(vinyl alcohol) (2009)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUECommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTPolymeric Modification of Graphene through Esterification of Graphite Oxide and Poly(vinyl alcohol)Horacio J. Salavagione*, Marián A. Gómez, and Gerardo MartínezView Author Information Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología de Polímeros, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain*Corresponding author: Fax +34 915 644 853; Tel +34 915 622 900; e-mail [email protected]Cite this: Macromolecules 2009, 42, 17, 6331–6334Publication Date (Web):August 13, 2009Publication History Received17 April 2009Revised24 July 2009Published online13 August 2009Published inissue 8 September 2009https://doi.org/10.1021/ma900845wCopyright © 2009 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views10009Altmetric-Citations482LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (775 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Hydroxyls,Organic reactions,Polymers,Redox reactions,Two dimensional materials Get e-Alerts
The apoptosis mediator mDAP-3 is a novel member of a conserved family of mitochondrial proteins (2000)

Programmed cell death is essential for organ development and regeneration. To identify molecules relevant for this process, full length cDNA cloning of a short, developmentally regulated murine cDNA fragment, MERM-3, was performed and showed a 1.7 kb mRNA encoding a 45 kDa protein with an ATP/GTP binding motive (P-loop). Sequence analysis revealed an 82% amino acid identity to the human death associated protein 3 (hDAP-3), a positive mediator of apoptosis. The full length sequence being the murine orthologue of hDAP-3 is therefore referred to as mDAP-3. In situ hybridization and northern blot analysis showed an abundant mRNA expression with a pronounced expression in highly proliferative epithelial compartments. For mDAP-3, cytochrome c release and induction of cell death could be demonstrated by overexpression of a mDAP-3/EGFP fusion protein. DAP-3 mediated apoptosis was shown to depend on a functional P-loop. Intracellular localization studies using the mDAP-3/EGFP fusion protein, cell fractionation and protease protection experiments localized mDAP-3 to the mitochondrial matrix. DAP-3, in contrast to cytochrome c, retained its mitochondrial localization during apoptosis induction. A mutant of a putative yeast orthologue of mDAP-3, YGL129c, here referred to as yDAP-3, has been shown to exhibit disrupted mitochondrial function. yDAP-3 deficient mutants could be shown to progressively loose mitochondrial DNA. Loss of mitochondrial DNA in yDAP-3 was partially prevented by transfection of the yDAP-3 deficient mutant with mDAP-3, indicating functional complementation by murine DAP-3 in the yeast system. These data identify mDAP-3 as one of the first proapoptotic factors in the mitochondrial matrix and provide evidence for a critical, evolutionary conserved role of members of the DAP-3 protein family for mitochondrial biogenesis.
Short and long baseline tiltmeter measurements on axial seamount, Juan de Fuca Ridge (1998)

Long-term observations of seismic activity and ground deformation at mid-ocean ridges and submarine volcanoes are required for an understanding of the spatial and temporal characteristics of magma transport and intrusion. To make precise records of tilt on the seafloor we have installed short baseline tiltmeters in six ocean bottom seismometers (TILT-OBS) and developed a long baseline (100–500 m) two-fluid tiltmeter (LBT). In the TILT-OBS, the seismometer platform is levelled to better than 1° after deployment. The tiltmeter consists of a pair of electrolytic bubble sensors mounted on a secondary levelling stage on the seismometer platform. The levelling stage uses two motor-driven micrometers on a triangular mounting plate to bring the sensors to null. The sensitivity of these tiltmeters is 0.05 μrad, at a dynamic range of 0.2 mrad. A long baseline instrument was developed to achieve a better spatial average of deformation. Most approaches used on land to measure stable long baseline tilt cannot be applied to a submarine instrument, but tiltmeters in which the pressure of a fluid in tubes is measured are amenable to installation on the seafloor. The development resulted in a device that is essentially a center-pressure instrument folded back on itself, with fluids of different densities in the two tubes. During July to September 1994, these instruments were deployed on Axial Seamount, on the Juan de Fuca Ridge off Washington state, for a test of their relative performance on volcanic terrain, yielding 9 weeks of continuous data (seismic, tilt, and temperature) from five TILT-OBS and one long baseline instrument. Drift on all instruments was of the order of 1 μrad/day, with higher frequency variations of order 5–10 μrad. Initial drift on the TILT-OBS is shown to be associated with platform settling rather than with the sensor or its mounting. High frequency noise is coherent across instruments and tidal in character, and we conclude that tidal currents moving the sensors are responsible.