gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Monolithically integrated balanced photodetector and its application in OTDM 160 Gbit/s DPSK transmission (2003)

We report on the design and fabrication of a monolithically integrated balanced photodetector module and its application in a single polarization 160 Gbit/s OTDM transmission experiment with RZ-DPSK modulation format. The 2.5 dB improvement in receiver sensitivity enabled transmission over a record fiber link of 410 km using exclusively EDF As.
The breeding biology of the bush thick-knee 'Burhinus magnirostris' and notes on its distribution in the Brisbane area (1991)

Detailed observations on the breeding behaviour of a pair of Bush Thick-knees Burhinus magnirostris were made over a period of two years in the Brisbane suburb of Herston . Six clutches of eggs were laid during this period, including four clutches in a single breeding season between August 1989 and February 1990. The incubation time was 25-26 days and the period of parental dependence of the young was approximately 60 to 70 days. Of the six clutches, chicks were hatched on five occasions and fifty percent of the chicks survived to independence. Detailed notes on the behaviour of the birds during breeding are provided. An examination of the records of B. magnirostris for Brisbane indicates that the species is widespread and can be considered uncommon to relatively common in the area.
Effect of Drawing Temperature at a Freezer and Overrun on De-emulsified Fat of Ice Cream. (1994)

アイスクリームの脂肪球凝集に及ぼすフリーザー出口温度とオーバーランの影響について検討した.(1) フリージングする前のアイスクリームミックス中の脂肪球は1.2μm以下が主であるが,フリージングすることにより脂肪球の凝集が進み,それらがフリーザー出口温度の低下と共に成長し保型性が良くなることが判明した.(2) オーバーランが高くなり気泡が多く取り込まれるに従って,脂肪球の凝集が進み,保型性も良くなることが判明した.(3) フリーザー出口温度の低下,およびオーバーランが高くなるにつれてアイスクリームのドライネスが増加した.さらに温度の低下,およびオーバーランが高くなる程この傾向が顕著になるのが認められた.(4) フリーザー出口温度の低下,およびオーバーランが高くなるにつれて脂肪球の凝集は進むが,脂肪球の凝集体の粒径も変化し,大きな粒径に移行した.脂肪球の粒度分布は1.2μm以下のものが減少し, 3～4μm, 8～15μmの脂肪球の特異的な増加が見られた.
Coordinated energy management in heterogeneous processors (2013)

This paper examines energy management in a heterogeneous processor consisting of an integrated CPU-GPU for high-performance computing (HPC) applications. Energy management for HPC applications is challenged by their uncompromising performance requirements and complicated by the need for coordinating energy management across distinct core types -- a new and less understood problem.
Exogenous human growth hormone-releasing factor and ovine somatotropin improve growth performance and composition of gain in lambs (1990)

The objectives of this study were 1) to compare intermittent subcutaneous administration of human growth hormone-releasing factor (hGRF) at two doses with a similar regimen of ovine somatotropin (oST) for effects on growth and composition of gain in growing lambs and 2) to determine whether increasing the dietary amino acid availability enhances response to oST or hGRF. Eighty crossbred ewe and wether lambs (25.5 kg live weight) were assigned randomly in pairs to receive four daily injections of excipient, 40 micrograms oST/kg BW, 5 micrograms hGRF/kg BW or 10 micrograms hGRF/kg BW for 42 (n = 80) or 56 (n = 40) d. Doses were adjusted weekly for BW. Mean plasma oST concentrations increased from 2.03 ng/ml prior to treatment to 20.64, 4.80 and 5.45 ng/ml with oST, 5 and 10 micrograms/kg hGRF doses, respectively. Lambs did not become refractory to hGRF. Cumulative gain increased approximately 18% with 7 wk of treatment with oST and the low dose of hGRF (both P less than .01), and feed efficiency improved 21% with oST and 18% with both doses of hGRF (both P less than .05). Carcass lipid accretion rate decreased 22% to 30% (P less than .001), and carcass protein accretion rate increased 30% to 36% (P less than .001) with hGRF and oST treatment, respectively. Addition of fishmeal to the diet at 4% to replace an equal amount of soy protein improved gain 8.5%; it improved efficiency 14.2% (P less than .05) across all treatments, and it significantly enhanced the effects of oST on feed efficiency (interaction P less than .12) and hind leg muscle weights.
<title>Treatment of laser-induced retinal injuries by neuroprotection</title> (1997)

Retinal laser photocoagulation treatments are often complicated with immediate side-effect of visual impairment. To determine whether glutamate-receptor blockers can serve as adjuvant neuroprotective therapy, we examined the effect of MK-801, an NMDA-receptor antagonist, on laser-induced retinal injury in a rat model. Argon laser retinal lesions were created in the retina of 36 DA rats. Treatment with intraperitoneal injections of MK-801 or saline was started immediately after the laser photocoagulation. The animals were sacrificed after 3, 20 or 60 days and the retinal lesions were evaluated histologically and morphometrically. Photoreceptor-cell loss was significantly smaller in MK-801-treated rats than controls. The proliferative membrane composed of retinal pigment epithelial cells which was seen at the base of the lesion in control retinas, was smaller in the MK-801-treated retinas. MK-801 exhibited neuroprotective and anti-proliferative properties in the retina. Glutamate-receptor blockers should be further investigated for serving as adjuvant therapy to retinal photocoagulation treatments.
Preserving Both Lignin and Cellulose Chemical Structures: Flow-Through Acid Hydrotropic Fractionation at Atmospheric Pressure for Complete Wood Valorization (2019)

Poplar wood was rapidly fractionated via a flow-through reaction using aqueous solutions of an acid hydrotrope (AH), p-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TsOH), at temperatures below 98 °C. 13C–1H two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses demonstrated that the AH-solubilized lignins (AHLs) from a range of fractionation conditions with yields up to approximately 80% had a very high content of β-aryl-ether linkages compared to milled wood lignin (MWL) with a low enough condensation to facilitate subsequent reductive catalytic depolymerization resulting in a lignin monomer yield of over 30%. Gel-permeation chromatographic (GPC) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) analyses showed that the AHLs have high molecular weights and low glass transition temperatures Tg. These AHLs also have a pinkish color suitable for applications such as cosmetics and dye dispersants. AH fractionation (AHF) preserved the cellulose fraction as solid fibers also with a light pinkish color for the materials market and solubilized up to approximately 90% of xylan which can be converted to furfural using p-TsOH in the spent liquor without additional catalysts. The advantages herein are the use of one recyclable industrial chemical such as p-TsOH in an aqueous system below water boiling temperature to valorize all three major fractions of lignocelluloses in a short time frame, with very promising yields and well-preserved lignin and cellulose structure.
Synthesis of tropolone derivatives (1984)

M. Yamato, K. Hashigaki, N. Kokubu and Y. Nakato, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1984, 1301 DOI: 10.1039/P19840001301
The SSD graph: a tool for project scheduling and visualization (1988)

A graphic tool, the SSD (structure, states and deviation) graph, is proposed for three important phases of project management; planning and scheduling, control, and evaluation. The SSD graph represents the structure, states (scheduled and actual states), and deviation of a system. A project management system using the SSD graph is developed, and it visualizes the actual state of a project and keeps the historical record of the project performance. This system allows a project manager to see the overall status and to review the project performance. Several applications have shown its usefulness for scheduling and control of project systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
LAPSES: a recipe for high performance adaptive router design (1999)

Earlier research has shown that adaptive routing can help in improving network performance. However, it has not received adequate attention in commercial routers mainly due to the additional hardware complexity, and the perceived cost and performance degradation that may result from this complexity. These concerns can be mitigated if one can design a cost-effective router that can support adaptive routing. This paper proposes a three step recipe-Look-Ahead routing, intelligent Path Selection, and an Economic Storage implementation, called the LAPSES approach-for cost-effective high performance pipelined adaptive router design. The first step, look-ahead routing, reduces a pipeline stage in the router by making table lookup and arbitration concurrent. Next, three new traffic-sensitive path selection heuristics (LRU, LFU and MAX-CREDIT) are proposed to select one of the available alternate paths. Finally, two techniques for reducing routing table size of the adaptive router are presented. These are called meta-table routing and economical storage. The proposed economical storage needs a routing table with only 9 and 27 entries for two and three dimensional meshes, respectively. All these design ideas are evaluated on a (16/spl times/16) mesh network via simulation. A fully adaptive algorithm and various traffic patterns are used to examine the performance benefits. Performance results show that the look-ahead design as well as the path selection heuristics boost network performance, while the economical storage approach turns out to be an ideal choice in comparison to full-table and meta-table options. We believe the router resulting from these three design enhancements can make adaptive routing a viable choice for interconnects.
Shape memory alloys in minimally invasive therapy (1995)

SummaryShape memory alloys are ideally suited to minimally invasive therapy, as their shape memory and superelastic properties facilitate entry through a narrow aperture before ‘expansion’ into predetermined shapes. An increasing number of shape memory alloy devices are being designed and patented although as yet they have made little impact on minimal invasive therapeutic procedures due to the complexities of effective thermal processing and accurate transformation. Within the next few years shape memory alloy technology is likely to make a big impact on laparoscopic, endovascular and endo-scopic surgical practice.
Single-shot high-resolution characterization of optical pulses by spectral phase diversity (2015)

The concept of spectral phase diversity is proposed and applied to the temporal characterization of optical pulses. The experimental trace is composed of the measured power of a plurality of ancillary optical pulses derived from the pulse under test by adding known amounts of chromatic dispersion. The spectral phase of the pulse under test is retrieved by minimizing the error between the experimental trace and a trace calculated using the known optical spectrum and diagnostic parameters. An assembly composed of splitters and dispersive delay fibers has been used to generate 64 ancillary pulses whose instantaneous power can be detected in a single shot with a high-bandwidth photodiode and oscilloscope. The diagnostic is experimentally shown to accurately characterize pulses from a chirped-pulse-amplification system when its stretcher is detuned from the position for optimal recompression. Pulse-shape reconstruction for pulses shorter than the photodetection impulse response has been demonstrated. Various investigations of the performance with respect to the number of ancillary pulses and the range of chromatic dispersion generated in the diagnostic are presented.
HUMAN ISLET ISOLATION AND ALLOTRANSPLANTATION IN 22 CONSECUTIVE CASES 1, 2 (1992)

This report provides our initial experience in islet isolation and intrahepatic allotransplantation in 21 patients. In group 1, 10 patients underwent combined liver-islet allotransplantation following upper-abdominal exenteration for cancer. In group 2, 4 patients received a combined liver-islet allograft for cirrhosis and diabetes. One patients had plasma C-peptide greater than 3 pM and was therefore excluded from analysis. In group 3, 7 patients received 8 combined cadaveric kidney-islet grafts (one retransplant) for end-stage renal disease secondary to type 1 diabetes mellitus. The islets were separated by a modification of the automated method for human islet isolation and the preparation were infused into the portal vein. Immunosuppression was with FK506 (group 1) plus steroids (groups 2 and 3). Six patients in group 1 did not require insulin treatment for 5 to greater than 16 months. In groups 2 and 3 none of the patients became insulin-independent, although decreased insulin requirement and stabilization of diabetes were observed. Our results indicate that rejection is still a major factor limiting the clinical application of islet transplantation in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus, although other factors such as steroid treatment may contribute to deteriorate islet engraftment and/or function.
Some armature reaction compensation methods numerical design of experiments and optimization for a hybrid excitation machine (2009)

This paper presents a hybrid excitation synchronous machine which combines a permanent magnet excitation with a wound field one. With two sources of flux, this kind of machines is cited more and more frequently in vehicle application for easier control of flux. After a brief description of the structure, some methods will be presented to improve the performances of this machine. Simulation results have shown that the armature reaction has a magnetizing effect when it enters in a pole face and a demagnetizing effect when getting out from the same pole, which distorts the main field and to some extent deteriorates the performances of the machines. The methods we present here are based on the principle of armature reaction compensation which might be extended to many synchronous machines. And then, in the last section, a general optimization tool (numerical design of experiments and optimization) is used to maximize the impacts of these methods.
Playing with Duality: An Overview of Recent Primal-Dual Approaches for Solving Large-Scale Optimization Problems (2014)

Optimization methods are at the core of many problems in signal/image processing, computer vision, and machine learning. For a long time, it has been recognized that looking at the dual of an optimization problem may drastically simplify its solution. Deriving efficient strategies which jointly brings into play the primal and the dual problems is however a more recent idea which has generated many important new contributions in the last years. These novel developments are grounded on recent advances in convex analysis, discrete optimization, parallel processing, and non-smooth optimization with emphasis on sparsity issues. In this paper, we aim at presenting the principles of primal-dual approaches, while giving an overview of numerical methods which have been proposed in different contexts. We show the benefits which can be drawn from primal-dual algorithms both for solving large-scale convex optimization problems and discrete ones, and we provide various application examples to illustrate their usefulness.
Structural Studies of the Vacuolar H+-Pyrophosphatase: Sequence Analysis and Identification of the Residues Modified by Fluorescent Cyclohexylcarbodiimide and Maleimide (1998)

We determined the amino acid residues of the H(+)-translocating inorganic pyrophosphatase (H(+)-PPase) of pumpkin which are covalently labeled by two fluorescent labeling reagents; N-cyclohexyl-N'-[4-(dimethyl amino)-alpha-naphthyl] carbodiimide (NCD) and N-pyrenylmaleimide (NPM). NCD and NPM are fluorescent analogues of N,N-dicycrohexylcarbodiimide and N-ethylmaleimide, respectively, and inactivate H(+)-PPase activity. Excess Mg2+ protected the H(+)-PPase from the inactivation by these reagents. Furthermore, we identified the cDNA clone encoding the pumpkin H(+)-PPase in order to determine the position of labeled residues. The nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clone contains a 2,304 bp open reading frame encoding a polypeptide with 768 amino acids. Chemical sequence analysis of fluorescent peptide fragments revealed that Glu749 located in the C-terminal putative transmembrane alpha-helix was a NCD-labeled residue, and Cys632 was a NPM-labeled residue located in a putative cytosolic domain. The amino acid sequence of the region that includes Glu749 is highly conserved in H(+)-PPases from other plants and it also shows some sequence similarity with the region of the carbodiimide-reactive Glu (or Asp) of F0F1-ATPase c-subunit. The reactive glutamic acids in these proteins are located at the last C-terminal transmembrane alpha-helix. We also found that the H(+)-PPase shows significant amino acid sequence similarity to Kdp-ATPase A chain of E. coli. This similarity between the two different proteins suggest that they have evolved from a common ancestor and may utilize a common basic mechanism for ion transport.
High Doses of a Helper-Dependent Adenoviral Vector Yield Supraphysiological Levels of <i>α</i> <sub>1</sub> -Antitrypsin with Negligible Toxicity (1998)

Optimal gene therapy for many disorders will require efficient transfer to cells in vivo, high-level and long-term expression, and tissue-specific regulation, all in the absence of significant toxicity or inflammatory responses. While recombinant adenoviral vectors are efficient for gene transfer to hepatocytes, their usefulness is limited by short duration of expression related, at least in part, to immune responses to viral proteins and by a low capacity for foreign DNA. A number of systems have been developed for producing adenoviral vectors devoid of all viral coding sequences. Using AdSTK109, a vector lacking all viral coding sequences and carrying the complete human alpha1-antitrypsin (hAAT) genomic DNA locus, we have demonstrated sustained expression for longer than 10 months in mice. Utilizing high doses of this vector for hepatic gene transfer in mice, we find that supraphysiological levels of hAAT can be achieved without hepatotoxicity.
Advantages of a modified toluidine blue O stain and bronchoalveolar lavage for the diagnosis of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (1985)

A modified toluidine blue O staining technique for Pneumocystis carinii is described. An easily prepared sulfation reagent made with sulfuric and acetic acids was used. The stain can be employed for bronchoalveolar lavages and lung tissue touch preparations. Most background material was removed by the sulfation reagent, slides were generally easy to read, and time from receipt of a specimen to reporting of results was approximately 1 h. P. carinii cysts were more easily visualized with this stain than in slides stained with modified methylene blue, Gram, Gram-Weigert, and standard toluidine blue O procedures. The importance of certain procedural aspects of subsegmental bronchoalveolar lavage, by which most of the specimens were obtained, is also emphasized.
Properties of incorporation, redistribution, and integrity of porphyrin-low-density lipoprotein complexes (1993)

In the photodynamic therapy of cancer, research has focused on the influence of lipoproteins (particularly the low-density lipoprotein, LDL) on the fate and transport of the porphyrin mixture. We have studied the interaction between LDL and a series of well-defined tetraphenylporphinesulfonates, TPPS-1, TPPS-2A, and TPPS-4. Compounds with at least two unsulfonated phenyl groups were found to associate with LDL (TPPS-1 and TPPS-2A), whereas sulfonation of all four rings abolished lipoprotein binding. As shown with agarose gel electrophoresis, association of doubly charged TPPS-2A molecules with LDL strongly influences LDL's charge. Because a change in charge may alter LDL's biological behavior, the effect of increasing amounts of TPPS-2A molecules per LDL on its biological reactivity was examined. In vitro studies with Hep G2 cells indicated that up to 250 molecules of TPPS-2A per LDL left LDL receptor recognition unchanged. In vivo studies on the fate of 125I-LDL-TPPS-2A particles in rats showed that complexes with molar ratios up to 1:100 were processed like native LDL. It is concluded that tetraphenylporphines of a partial hydrophilic-hydrophobic nature are most optimal for spontaneous association with lipoproteins. These porphyrin structures will utilize lipoproteins as biological transport vehicles whereby up to 100 molecules per lipoprotein particle will not change the biological behavior of the particles so that LDL receptor-dependent uptake by tumor cells under these conditions is warranted.
Screening of Cellulose Binding Motif (CBM) from Phage Peptides Library. (1998)

Bacteriophages capable of binding cellulose matrix were screened from a 15-mer phage peptides library. In the deduced amino acid sequences of the screened phages, a characteristic region containing a conserved aromatic residue [tyrosine (Y) or phenylalanine (F)] was found, which is similar to the normal cellulose binding domains found in fungal and bacterial cellulose catalysase. Dot-ELISA showed that the phage containing sequence as SWYL has higher affinity to cellulose fibre than other phages, such as those containing sequences as CWYGNC, CWYGEC and XSWYDXXSWFSX. Results indicated that SWYL maybe a good candidate for cellulose binding motif. This work laid basis for further study on cellulose binding motif.
Iterative decoding algorithms of LDPC codes using TAP approach (2009)

Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are based on random construction. Because of this randomness, it is not easy to analyze them with the traditional methods of communication theory. N.Sourlas [6] was the first to point out that LDPC codes have a similarity to Ising spin systems in statistical physics. Besides, it has been shown that the Belief-Propagation algorithm, the decoding algorithm of LDPC codes, is equivalent to the Thouless-Anderson-Palmer(TAP) [9] approach. In this paper, we develop the log-likelihood ratios-Belief Propagation (LLR-BP) and the BP-Based decoding algorithms with the TAP approach.
VARIABLE TIME COMPRESSION, EXPANSION, AND REVERSAL OF RF SIGNALS BY LASER-ACOUSTIC TECHNIQUES (1968)

Continuously variable time compression, expansion, and inversion, with the corresponding changes in frequency, of rf signals in the range of 10 to 100 MHz, are described. By using a simple optical heterodyning technique and high-speed scanning of a laser beam, an rf signal, ``stored'' as an acoustic signal in a quartz bar, can be processed or ``read out'' in a variety of ways. Although present equipment has limited the amount of processing and frequency range of the signals that can be handled, it is felt that input signal frequencies are restricted only by the acoustic properties of the delay medium and the output frequencies will be limited by the response of the photodetector.
Eat Right, Learn Right (2008)

The author, a paediatric gastroenterologist, allergist and nutrition consultant, warns that food intolerances can severely affect students' capacity to learn. He discusses the problems of 'bad brain days', caused by swinging blood sugar levels; gluten intolerance; milk intolerance; gastric reflux; and ADHD. A brief description is given of each syndrome, including symptoms and effects on the body. The author's key message for parents and teachers is that if they are concerned about a child's progress or behaviour at school, the student's diet and possible adverse reactions to food should be investigated. [Author abstract, ed]