gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular characterization of a genomic region in a Lactococcus bacteriophage that is involved in its sensitivity to the phage defense mechanism AbiA (1997)

A spontaneous mutant of the lactococcal phage phi31 that is insensitive to the phage defense mechanism AbiA was characterized in an effort to identify the phage factor(s) involved in sensitivity of phi31 to AbiA. A point mutation was localized in the genome of the AbiA-insensitive phage (phi31A) by heteroduplex analysis of a 9-kb region. The mutation (G to T) was within a 738-bp open reading frame (ORF245) and resulted in an arginine-to-leucine change in the predicted amino acid sequence of the protein. The mutant phi31A-ORF245 reduced the sensitivity of phi31 to AbiA when present in trans, indicating that the mutation in ORF245 is responsible for the AbiA insensitivity of phi31A. Transcription of ORF245 occurs early in the phage infection cycles of phi31 and phi31A and is unaffected by AbiA. Expansion of the phi31 sequence revealed ORF169 (immediately upstream of ORF245) and ORF71 (which ends 84 bp upstream of ORF169). Two inverted repeats lie within the 84-bp region between ORF71 and ORF169. Sequence analysis of an independently isolated AbiA-insensitive phage, phi31B, identified a mutation (G to A) in one of the inverted repeats. A 118-bp fragment from phi31, encompassing the 84-bp region between ORF71 and ORF169, eliminates AbiA activity against phi31 when present in trans, establishing a relationship between AbiA and this fragment. The study of this region of phage phi31 has identified an open reading frame (ORF245) and a 118-bp DNA fragment that interact with AbiA and are likely to be involved in the sensitivity of this phage to AbiA.
Effects of acetorphan, an enkephalinase inhibitor, on experimental and acute diarrhoea. (1992)

Acetorphan is an orally active inhibitor of enkephalinase (EC 3.4.24.11) with antidiarrhoeal activity in rodents apparently through protection of endogenous enkephalins and a purely antisecretory mechanism. Its antidiarrhoeal activity in man was assessed in an experimental model of cathartic induced secretory diarrhoea as well as in acute diarrhoea of presumed infectious origin. In six healthy volunteers receiving castor oil and pretreated with acetorphan or placebo in a crossover controlled trial, the drug significantly decreased the number and weight of stools passed during 24 hours. About 200 outpatients with severe acute diarrhoea (more than five stools per day) were included in a randomised double blind study of acetorphan against placebo. The significant antidiarrhoeal activity of acetorphan was established using a variety of criteria: (i) the duration of both diarrhoea and treatment were diminished; (ii) no acetorphan treated patient withdrew from the study whereas five dropped out because of worsening in the placebo group; (iii) the frequency of symptoms associated with diarrhoea--for example, abdominal pain or distension, nausea and anorexia--remaining after two weeks was nearly halved; (iv) using visual analogue scales acetorphan treatment was found more effective than placebo by both investigators and patients. There was statistically no significant difference between acetorphan and placebo in respect of side effects, particularly constipation, which often accompanies the antidiarrhoeal activity of mu opioid receptor agonists this difference is attributable to the lack of antipropulsive activity of acetorphan in man. The efficacy and tolerance of acetorphan suggest that enkephalinase inhibition may represent a novel therapeutic approach for the symptomatic management of acute secretory diarrhoea without impairing intestinal transit.
Thin Film Ba0.25 Sr0.75 TiO3 Varactors on Au Bottom Electrode for Microwave Applications (2006)

Thin film Au/Pt/Ba <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.25</sub> Sr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.75</sub> TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> /Au/Ti varactors were fabricated on fused silica substrates using pulsed laser deposition of the ferroelectric films. Deposition temperature was optimized to improve varactor tuneability and loss tangent. The varactors were characterized in the frequency range 1-25 GHz at different dc bias voltage. The resonant absorption of the microwave power observed below 12 GHz, under dc field, is due to electrostriction and field induced piezoelectric effects. Above 12 GHz varactors on Au/Ti bottom electrode reveal loss tangent less than 0.02 and tuneability up to 35%. These parameters indicate the potential of Ba <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.25</sub> Sr <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0.75</sub> TiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> varactors for applications in tunable microwave devices. The estimated figure of merit of the phase shifters utilizing these varactors is more than 200 degree/dB at frequencies up to 20 GHz. A resonator may be tuned at more than 10 unloaded bandwidths at frequencies up to 25 GHz
Refactoring object-oriented frameworks (1992)

Superclass ........... 19 3.3 Refactoring To Specialize: Subclassing and Simplifying Conditionals ....... 22 3.4 Capturing Aggregations and Reusable Components ................. 27 3.5 Supporting Refactorings ................................ 32 3.6 Language Features in Refactoring ........................... 34 3.7 Summary: Importance &amp; Complexity of Refactoring ................ 35 4 Preserving Behavior During Refactoring ..................... 37 4.1 Program Properties and Behavior Preservation ................... 37 4.2 Domains of Refactorings ................................ 43 4.3 Functions For Describing Preconditions ....................... 46 4.4 Summary ........................................ 53 5 Low-Level Refactorings ................................ 54 5.1 Creating a Program Entity .............................. 56 5.2 Deleting a Program Entity ............................... 58 5.3 Changing a Program Entity .............................. 60 5.4 Moving a Member Variable .......
UAVs Task and Motion Planning in the Presence of Obstacles and Prioritized Targets (2015)

The intertwined task assignment and motion planning problem of assigning a team of fixed-winged unmanned aerial vehicles to a set of prioritized targets in an environment with obstacles is addressed. It is assumed that the targets' locations and initial priorities are determined using a network of unattended ground sensors used to detect potential threats at restricted zones. The targets are characterized by a time-varying level of importance, and timing constraints must be fulfilled before a vehicle is allowed to visit a specific target. It is assumed that the vehicles are carrying body-fixed sensors and, thus, are required to approach a designated target while flying straight and level. The fixed-winged aerial vehicles are modeled as Dubins vehicles, i.e., having a constant speed and a minimum turning radius constraint. The investigated integrated problem of task assignment and motion planning is posed in the form of a decision tree, and two search algorithms are proposed: an exhaustive algorithm that improves over run time and provides the minimum cost solution, encoded in the tree, and a greedy algorithm that provides a quick feasible solution. To satisfy the target's visitation timing constraint, a path elongation motion planning algorithm amidst obstacles is provided. Using simulations, the performance of the algorithms is compared, evaluated and exemplified.
DeepV2D: Video to Depth with Differentiable Structure from Motion (2020)

We propose DeepV2D, an end-to-end deep learning architecture for predicting depth from video. DeepV2D combines the representation ability of neural networks with the geometric principles governing image formation. We compose a collection of classical geometric algorithms, which are converted into trainable modules and combined into an end-to-end differentiable architecture. DeepV2D interleaves two stages: motion estimation and depth estimation. During inference, motion and depth estimation are alternated and converge to accurate depth.
Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI) (2016)

International audience
Pillared Hydrotalcites (1990)

Exchange of terephthalate-pillared hydrotalcite with molybdate or vanadate salts under mildly acidic conditions affords the corresponding isopolymetalate-pillared hydrotalcite in high yield. Synthesis of mixed terephthalate/isopolymetalate-pillared hydrotalcites followed by calcination yields higher surface area products. Isopolymetalate-pillared hydrotalcites have been found to produce both propylene and acetone when screened for 2-propanol conversion activity, indicating the presence of both acidic and basic catalytic sites.
SO-LAAO, a Novel<scp>l</scp>-Amino Acid Oxidase That Enables<i>Streptococcus oligofermentans</i>To Outcompete<i>Streptococcus mutans</i>by Generating H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>from Peptone (2008)

We previously demonstrated that Streptococcus oligofermentans suppressed the growth of Streptococcus mutans, the primary cariogenic pathogen, by producing hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) through lactate oxidase activity. In this study, we found that the lox mutant of S. oligofermentans regained the inhibition while growing on peptone-rich plates. Further studies demonstrated that the H(2)O(2) produced on peptone by S. oligofermentans was mainly derived from seven L-amino acids, i.e., L-aspartic acid, L-tryptophan, L-lysine, L-isoleucine, L-arginine, L-asparagine, and L-glutamine, indicating the possible existence of L-amino acid oxidase (LAAO) that can produce H(2)O(2) from L-amino acids. Through searching the S. oligofermentans genome for open reading frames with a conserved flavin adenine dinucleotide binding motif that exists in the known LAAOs, including those of snake venom, fungi, and bacteria, a putative LAAO gene, assigned as aao(So), was cloned and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The purified protein, SO-LAAO, showed a molecular mass of 43 kDa in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and catalyzed H(2)O(2) formation from the seven L-amino acids determined above, thus confirming its LAAO activity. The SO-LAAO identified in S. oligofermentans differed evidently from the known LAAOs in both substrate profile and sequence, suggesting that it could represent a novel LAAO. An aao(So) mutant of S. oligofermentans did lose H(2)O(2) formation from the seven L-amino acids, further verifying its function as an LAAO. Furthermore, the inhibition by S. oligofermentans of S. mutans in a peptone-rich mixed-species biofilm was greatly reduced for the aao(So) mutant, indicating the gene's importance in interspecies competition.
Characterisation of lead-free solder pastes for low cost flip-chip bumping (2003)

The need to implement high volume production for a Pb-free flip-chip assembly (unpackaged silicon die, with inputs/outputs I/Os at sub 100 /spl mu/m pitch) has raised interest within the electronics manufacturing industry to find reliable inexpensive manufacturing methods. One method currently being researched is wafer bumping using Pb-free solder paste stencil printing. The introduction of Pb-free materials is being driven by a European directive, Waste from Electronic and Electrical Equipment (WEEE), which necessitates the elimination of lead containing materials from electronics products by January 2008. This has put tremendous pressure on the electronics industry to find a suitable replacement for the widely used tin/lead based solder paste. One material already highlighted is the tin/silver/copper alloy. However, in order to successfully implement the new material into current manufacturing processes, an in-depth understanding of the materials properties is required; as little information is presently known. In this paper we evaluate the rheological properties of certain tin/silver/copper solder pastes currently being developed for low cost flip-chip wafer bumping. Rheological measurements provide useful data for understanding flow behaviour of solder pastes in the stencil printing process. Factors affecting the rheology of solder pastes are alloy type, particle size distribution (PSD), metal content and flux vehicle system. Removal of lead from the solder paste and developments in the flux to accommodate Pb-free materials will inherently affect the flow properties of the solder paste. Therefore, it is essential to the stencil printing process that these new lead-free materials are characterised in a rheological nature. This study, therefore, aims to understand the rheological behaviour of certain lead-free solder pastes for flip-chip assembly applications and to subsequently assist in new formulations replacing lead solders.
General theory of instabilities for patterns with sharp interfaces in reaction-diffusion systems (1996)

An asymptotic method for finding instabilities of arbitrary d-dimensional large-amplitude patterns in a wide class of reaction-diffusion systems is presented. The complete stability analysis of two- and three-dimensional localized patterns is carried out. It is shown that in the considered class of systems the criteria for different types of instabilities are universal. The specific nonlinearities enter the criteria only via three numerical constants of order 1. The analysis performed explains the self-organization scenarios observed in the recent experiments and numerical simulations of some concrete reaction-diffusion systems. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Multimodale Interaktion in Augmented Reality Umgebungen am Beispiel der Spieledomäne (2008)

Die Kombination von realer und virtueller Umgebung wird als Augmented Reality bezeichnet. Dabei ist für den Nutzer eine Interaktion sowohl mit der Realität als auch der Virtualität möglich. Interaktionsmöglichkeiten finden sich bei der Eingabe und der Ausgabe, aber auch bei der Wechselwirkung zwischen Realität und Virtualität. Daher werden in dieser Arbeit Verfahren vorgestellt, die ebensolche Interaktionsmöglichkeiten umsetzen. So wird beispielsweise die Ausgabe um eine virtuelle Akustik, die Eingabe durch Verwendung von Gestenerkennung und die Wechselwirkung durch eine bildbasierte Kollisionserkennung erweitert. Zieldomäne der Arbeit ist die Spieledomäne, für die exemplarisch Bowling und Billard in die Augmented Reality transferiert wird. Diese Demonstratoren dienen der Evaluierung der entwickelten Interaktionskonzepte.
PRODUCTION OF ELASTASE AND PROTEINASE BY <i>PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA</i> (1964)

Morihara, Kazuyuki (Shionogi Research Laboratory, Osaka, Japan). Production of elastase and proteinase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J. Bacteriol. 88:745-757. 1964.-Some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa produced elastase, but the others did not. The elastase-positive strains produced two proteinases (fractions II and III), and the elastase-negative strains produced one proteinase (fraction III). Moreover, one proteinase (fraction I) was produced by both elastase-positive and elastase-negative strains, but the activity was small and negligible. The three proteinases were separated by column chromatography on diethylaminoethyl-cellulose, and elastolytic activity corresponded to fraction II. The effect of components of the medium was slight for production of fraction II; fraction III was produced only in synthetic medium containing Ca ion and not in natural medium. The optimal pH of fractions I, II, and III for casein was 6.5, 8.0, and 10.0, respectively; that of fraction II for elastin was 7.5 to 8.0. The other characters of the three proteinases also differed. Both the proteolytic and the elastolytic activities of fraction II showed a similar behavior for various treatments, except the inhibition test by NaCl and serum. Fraction III proteinases from various strains were identical in their enzymatic or other characters, showing that various strains were related regardless of the difference of their elastolytic activity. The reason that the elastolytic activity of P. aeruginosa differed according to the origin of the strain is discussed on the basis of a taxonomic study; results indicate that the ability to produce elastolytic activity (fraction II) may be a dissociative character of the species.
12.6 90% Peak efficiency single-inductor-multiple-output DC-DC buck converter with output independent gate drive control (2015)

Single-inductor multiple-output (SIMO) DC-DC buck converters, which possess the advantage of compact size, are commonly implemented in portable electronics like mobile phones and tablets. However, their power efficiency is degraded considerably, as illustrated in Fig. 12.6.1, when multiple outputs are requested in a wide range, such as 1.2 to 3.3V for tablets. The use of P-MOSFET [1][2] and N-MOSFET [3] switches results in low efficiency of 64 and 70% at outputs of 1.2 and 3.3V, respectively, because of low gate driving voltages and large on-resistance. This implies that conventional usage of P-MOSFET and N-MOSFET switches is inappropriate in SIMO converters [1-3]. This paper presents a SIMO converter with output-independent gate drive (OIGD) control for all N-MOSFET switches. One of the salient features is that OIGD control achieves output-voltage-independent characteristics on efficiency and keeps peak efficiency of 90% over the range of 1.2 to 3.3V for tablets. The other salient feature is that a low-power deadtime overstress recycling (DOR) technique retrieves 95% of energy loss during deadtime and releases the overstress problem simultaneously.
P4NFV: P4 Enabled NFV Systems with SmartNICs (2019)

Software Defined Networking (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV) are transforming Data Center (DC), Telecom, and enterprise networking. The programmability offered by P4 enables SDN to be more protocol-independent and flexible. Data Centers are increasingly adopting SmartNICs (sNICs) to accelerate packet processing that can be leveraged to support packet processing pipelines and custom Network Functions (NFs). However, there are several challenges in integrating and deploying P4 based SDN control as well as host and sNIC-based programmable NFs. These include configuration and management of the data plane components (Host and sNIC P4 switches) for the SDN control plane and effective utilization of data plane resources. P4NFV addresses these concerns and provides a unified P4 switch abstraction framework to simplify the SDN control plane, reducing management complexities, and leveraging a host-local SDN Agent to improve the overall resource utilization. The SDN agent considers the network-wide, host, and sNIC specific capabilities and constraints. Based on workload and traffic characteristics, P4NFV determines the partitioning of the P4 tables and optimal placement of NFs (P4 actions) to minimize the overall delay and maximize resource utilization. P4NFV uses Mixed Integer Linear Programming (MILP) based optimization formulation and achieves up to 2. 5X increase in system capacity while minimizing the delay experienced by flows. P4NFV considers the number of packet exchanges, flow size, and state dependency to minimize the delay imposed by data transmission over PCI Express interface.
3-Dimensional Lineshape Metrology Using Small Angle X-ray Scattering (2003)

The need for sub‐nanometer precision metrology of dense patterns for future technology nodes challenges current methods based on light scatterometry, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). We provide results of initial tests of a measurement technique based on small angle x‐ray scattering (SAXS) capable of rapid measurements of test samples produced using conventional test masks without significant sample preparation. The sub‐Angstrom wavelength provides nanometer level resolution, with the possibility of increased precision after further refinement of the technique. SAXS results are shown for a test photoresist grating at a variety of angles, demonstrating an ability to extract information on 3‐dimensional pattern shape.
Applying machine vision in electrical component manufacturing (2002)

Determining whether machine vision can be applied successfully requires an intensive and comprehensive approach to problem specification and evaluation for each specific application. A primer on applying machine vision to electrical component manufacturing is given. It includes an overview of machine vision systems in terms of hardware and software, some pointers on creating a good image, and a systematic process of applying a machine vision system.
Optimizing Somatic Embryo Production in Mango (1989)

Abstract Medium components and characteristics that affect the growth of embryogenic mango ( Mangifera indica L.) nucellar cultures and production of somatic embryos in vitro were studied. These included the role of complex organic supplements, basal medium formulations, solidifying agents, and liquid vs. solid media. Growth of embryogenic cultures in suspension was more efficient than on solid medium; however, subculture onto solid medium was essential for high-frequency production of morphologically normal somatic embryos, and Gelrite was more effective in this respect than Difco Bacto-agar. Modified B-5 basal medium was better for maintenance of cultures and for production of morphologically normal somatic embryos than either Murashige and Skoog or Woody Plant Medium. Sucrose concentrations at 5% to 6% were optimal for somatic embryo production, and also increased the frequency of recovery of normally differentiated early heart-shaped somatic embryos. Coconut water (20%, v/v) enhanced somatic embryo production by 18%; other complex organic addenda alone or in combination with coconut water were either ineffective (casein hydrolysate) or highly inhibitory (yeast extract) in comparison with basal medium alone.
An Efficient Finite Difference Scheme for Extended Boussinesq Equations (2001)

An efficient finite difference scheme for solving the extended Boussinesq equations as derived by Nwogu (1993) is proposed. The alternate direction iterative method combined with an efficient predictor_corrector scheme are adopted for the numerical solutions of the governing differential equations. The proposed numerical scheme is verified by three test cases where experimental data are available for comparison. The first case is wave focusing by bottom topography. The second case is wave diffraction around a single breakwater. The third case is wave diffraction over a shoal. Numerical results agree very well with the corresponding experimental data in the cases.
Use of a teaching pneumatic otoscope (1979)

<h3>To the Editor.—</h3> A review of the book by Günter Ammon,<i>Psychoanalysis and Psychosomatics</i>(241:1939, 1979), notes that "in 1922 one of Freud's followers, Felix Deutsch, a Viennese psychiatrist, seemed set to unravel the secrets of mind-body interaction when he coined the term psychosomatic." It was, in fact, Johann Christian Heinroth (1773-1843), author of<i>Lehrbuch der Stoerungen des Seelenlebens</i>, who is generally credited with having coined the term "psychosomatic medicine."<sup>1</sup> Heinroth was concerned with mental illness as a disease of the soul, with sin as a cause of disease, and with psychotherapy, classification of mental illness, and the history of these subjects. He first used the term "psychosomatic" in 1818, but psychosomatic medicine as a field of scientific study and clinical evaluation clearly developed most intensively only during the past few decades, having come into special prominence after 1935, the publication date of Dunbar's<sup>2</sup>survey. Ackerknecht<sup>3</sup>comments