gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Localisation and separation of simultaneous voices with two microphones (1993)

A new way of localising two simultaneous voices, called the f-p method, is introduced. Test results of investigations carried out in the free-field (i.e. on a flat roof with no obstructions) are presented. The f-p method applies a neural, N-tuple, adaptive windowing technique to new binary image representation of the phase information derived from two microphones. It is closely related to a psychoacoustic theory of the human interaural time difference localisation mechanism. The microphones need not be fixed for the purposes of speech enhancement, and so the method has, in principle, the same spatial freedoms as the human system. A crucial factor in the success of the device is the presence of gaps in the spectrum of each source at different times and frequencies. The voices can, on the free-field case, be almost completely separated by using the localisation information. In the two-voice free-field case each voice is localised approximately seven times per second. The method involves no complex calculations and it is likely that it could be implemented in real-time, to allow tracking of moving sources, with a DSP board and a fast microprocessor. There is room for improvement in the values of the f-p parameters.
Experimental evidences of quantum-mechanical effects on low-field mobility, gate-channel capacitance, and threshold voltage of ultrathin body SOI MOSFETs (2002)

The characteristics of ultrathin-body (UTB) SOI MOSFETs, whose SOI-channel thickness T/sub SOI/ is thinner than the inversion-layer thickness of bulk MOSFETs, are investigated. It is found for the first time that at low temperatures (<50 K) the mobility of the UTB MOSFETs coincides with that of thicker body SOI MOSFETs in spite of the fact that at room temperature the mobility of UTB MOSFETs decreases as T/sub SOI/ decreases. It is experimentally demonstrated for the first time that the gate-channel capacitance of the UTB MOSFETs increases as T/sub SOI/ decreases. In addition, it is demonstrated that the physical origins of the threshold voltage increase in UTB MOSFETs can be categorized as mobility degradation and a subband energy level increase. All these results are consistently explained in terms of quanturn-mechanical effects.
Sensorized and Actuated Instruments for Minimally Invasive Robotic Surgery (2004)

Abstract. Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) challenges the surgeon’s skills due to his separation from the operation area which can be reached with long instruments only. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional MIS robotic surgery systems with integrated haptic feedback play an important role. This paper describes the development of actuated and sensorized instruments for minimally invasive robotic surgery which are a necessary prerequisite for haptic feedback. 1
Auctions on the Internet: What's Being Auctioned, and How? (2000)

This paper is an economist's guide to auctions on the Internet. It traces the development of online auctions since 1993, and presents data from a comprehensive study of 142 different Internet auction sites. The results describe the transaction volumes, the types of auction mechanisms used, the types of goods auctioned, and the business models employed at the various sites. These new electronic-commerce institutions raise interesting questions for the economic theory of auctions, such as predicting the types of goods to be sold at auction, examining the incentive effects of varying auctioneer fee structures, and identifying the optimal auction formats for online sellers.
Fluidized-bed combustion of oil shale (1983)

Two sets of fluidized-bed combustion experiments have been conducted in which raw shale fines and a simulated low Btu off-gas were burned to produce steam for power generation. The results show that the shale fines and low Btu off-gas can be utilized for energy production, and further, the sulfur removal is effective and efficient. This process eliminates the need for H/sub 2/S removal and is not sensitive to small quantities of entrained liquids.
<i>A Book Revue</i>: Studies are Not Every Thing: The Diary of a Freshman (1932)

"A Book Revue: Studies are Not Every Thing: The Diary of a Freshman." The Journal of Higher Education, 3(2), pp. 111–112
A new height-estimation method using FMCW radar Doppler beam sharpening (2017)

This paper presents a new method for estimating the height of extended objects using a Frequency Modulation Continuous Wave (FMCW) automotive radar. The proposed algorithm exploits the frequency shift caused by the Doppler effect while approaching stationary objects, to estimate target heights. Thus, the algorithm does not require multiple vertical antennas for height finding. First, the measured radial velocity is derived using sensor target geometry, then, a target height is formulated as a function of target range, vehicle velocity and elevation angle component of the measured radial velocity. Next, the processing pipeline of the proposed Doppler Beam Sharpening (DBS) algorithm is described, and the three dimensional (3D) high resolution RELAX is applied to collected radar data to provide accurate range, azimuth angle and Doppler estimations of the detected targets. Finally height measurement results of an entrance gate 4.5 m high are presented and discussed. The results show that the proposed height finding algorithm can achieve a root mean squared error of 0.26 m.
Food, injurious food (2008)

With rumblings about the colourings, flavourings, and preservatives secreted in our everyday food growing loud enough to make us choke on our television dinners, it is tempting to yearn for a golden age when we could all trust in the purity of good honest victuals.

Certainly our Victorian ancestors tucked happily into their daily bread and butter, washed down with quantities of tea and coffee, in the confidence that the basic ingredients they bought from their friendly corner shop were entirely wholesome—at least until they were disillusioned by Arthur Hill Hassall.

A London GP with a penchant for making trouble, Hassall (1817-94) first turned his …
Cytogenetic findings in a consecutive series of 478 patients with Turner syndrome. The Leuven experience 1965-1989. (1990)

In this report, we present the cytogenetic findings in 478 patients with Turner syndrome diagnosed in Leuven in the period 1965-1989. The karyotypic anomalies are classified into seven groups: 1) classic, 45,X karyotype (52.1%); 2) mosaic 45,X/46,XX (10.9%); 3) mosaic 45,X/47,XXX and other "super-female" cell lines (4.6%); 4) isochromosomes i(Xq) and i(Xp) (16.1%); 5) ring chromosomes r(X) (4.4%); 6) other structural aberrations of the X chromosome (7.7%); and finally 7) mosaic 45,X/46,XY patients (4%). The most pertinent chromosomal findings are briefly discussed and compared with previous reported surveys on subject.
Thresholds for odor and nasal pungency (1990)

Detection thresholds were measured repeatedly for 11 chemicals in normosmic and anosmic subjects. The stimuli comprised the first eight members of the series of n-aliphatic alcohols, phenyl ethyl alcohol, pyridine, and menthol. Results showed that anosmics could detect, via pungency, all but phenyl ethyl alcohol reliably. In the aliphatic series, both odor and pungency thresholds declined with chain length in a way that implied dependence of both in part on phase distribution in the mucosa. Odor thresholds, however, declined more rapidly than pungency thresholds: the ratio of anosmics threshold/normosmics threshold increased from 23 for methanol to 10,000 for 1-octanol. The outcome of a scaling experiment employing normosmic subjects indicated that, with the exception of methanol and ethanol, pungency arose when perceived intensity reached a narrowly tuned criterion level. When thresholds were expressed as percentages of saturated vapor, an index of thermodynamic activity, thereby accounting for differences in solubility and in phase distribution in the mucosa among the various stimuli, both odor and pungency thresholds depicted a striking constancy across stimuli.
Hydrophobicity, solubility, and emulsifying properties of soy protein peptides prepared by papain modification and ultrafiltration (1998)

Abstract Peptide size control is important for obtaining desirable functional properties so that these peptides can be better utilized. Proteolytic enzymatic modification of soy protein isolates (SPI), followed by ultrafiltration, is an effective way to fractionate these proteins into peptides with controlled molecular size. SPI was predenatured by mild alkali at pH 10 and heated at 50°C for 1 h prior to partial hydrolysis by papain at pH 7.0 and 38°C for 10, 30, and 60 min (PMSPI10, PMSPI30, and PMSPI60). The hydrolysate PMSPI60 was further fractionated by ultrafiltration with a stirred cell and disc membranes (100‐, 50‐, and 20‐kDa molecular weight cut‐off) into one retentate (R100) and three permeates (P100, P50, and P20). Molecular weight distribution, surface hydrophobicity ( S 0 ), protein solubility (PS), emulsifying activity index (EAI), and emulsion stability index (ESI) of the control SPI (without added papain), hydrolysates, and ultrafiltrates were investigated. Significant increases ( P <0.001) in S 0 , PS, EAI, and ESI were observed in the hydrolysates. Peptides in the permeates had higher PS and EAI but lower S 0 than the peptides in the retentate and hydrolysate. Soy protein peptides that were prepared from SPI by papain modification and ultrafiltration had lower molecular weight, higher solubility, and higher emulsifying properties. They could find use in products that require these properties, especially in the cosmetic and health food industries.
Fucoxanthin provides neuroprotection in models of traumatic brain injury via the Nrf2-ARE and Nrf2-autophagy pathways (2017)

Fucoxanthin is abundant in seaweed and is considered as a powerful antioxidant. It has been proposed to possess anti-cancer, anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effects. However, its roles in brain injury models have not been fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the neuroprotection of fucoxanthin in models of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and the role of the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)-antioxidant-response element (ARE) and Nrf2-autophagy pathways in the putative neuroprotection. We found that fucoxanthin alleviated TBI-induced secondary brain injury, including neurological deficits, cerebral edema, brain lesion and neuronal apoptosis. Moreover, the up-regulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) were reversed by fucoxanthin treatment. Furthermore, our in vitro studies demonstrated that fucoxanthin increased the neuron survival and reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) level. In addition, fucoxanthin activated the Nrf2-ARE pathway and autophagy both in vivo and in vitro, which was proven by the results of immunohistochemistry, western blot and electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). However, fucoxanthin failed to provide neuroprotection and activated autophagy following TBI in Nrf2<sup>-/-</sup> mice. In conclusion, our studies indicated that fucoxanthin provided neuroprotective effects in models of TBI, potentially via regulation of the Nrf2-ARE and Nrf2-autophagy pathways.
The effect of freeze‐drying and its implications for botanical medicine: a review (2005)

Botanical samples are often freeze-dried (lyophilized) for use in research studies, and a variety of freeze-dried botanicals are marketed to the public. In both instances, there is an underlying assumption that freeze-drying properly preserves the medicinal qualities of plants, and is superior to other preservation methods. In fact, little systematic research has been done to verify this assumption. A review of the existing research, done primarily by the food and spice industry, indicates that freeze-drying has unanticipated and significant effects on the constituent profiles of medicinal plants that puts into question whether freeze-drying necessarily is the best method to preserve botanical medicines.This research review finds there is insufficient information to conclude that freeze-drying has negative effects on the medicinal qualities of plants. But, because existing research indicates that freeze-drying imperfectly preserves important classes of medicinal compounds (such as volatiles, phenolics and carotenoids), may increase the mutation rate in unicellular organisms and may diminish some medicinal plant actions, researchers and practitioners should carefully consider how the use of freeze-dried material may affect pharmacological and clinical study results.
Biodiesel production by<i>in situ</i>transesterification (2010)

Biodiesel is conventionally produced by transesterification of vegetable oils using an alcohol (usually methanol) and a catalyst (usually hydroxides or methoxides of sodium or potassium). The process usually uses pre-extracted oil as the raw material, which is usually produced by pressing the oil-bearing seeds, often followed by solvent extraction to extract any remaining oil. Alternatively, biodiesel can be produced via ‘in situ transesterification’ or ‘reactive extraction’. In this process, oil-bearing seeds are ground, then reacted directly with the alcohol and catalyst, thereby eliminating the need for pre-extracted oil, and its associated capital and intensive running cost production methods. Various parameters play important roles in determining the conversion, reaction rate and quality of the biodiesel in in situ transesterification. These include: catalyst type, seed moisture content, agitation intensity, molar ratio of alcohol to oil, reaction temperature, catalyst concentration, seed fragment particle size and alcohol type. This article gives an overview of in situ transesterification, the parameters that have a significant effect on this process and the advantages and disadvantages of this process.
Fabrication of Novel Silk Fibroin - LDHs Composite Arhitectures for Potential Bone Tissue Engineering (2017)

Nanocomposite materials have attracted a high interest for biomedical applications because their special properties related with structure and composition. In this paper we synthesized novel hydrogel nanocomposite materials special designed for hard tissue engineering. The nanocomposite materials are able to promote hydroxyapatite formation by alternating soaking mineralization demanded for increasing of cells biocompatibility and adhesion.
Avant - propos (2007)

Différentes journées de mutualisation centrées sur les problématiques de l’enseignement des langues étrangères et en particulier sur celles de l’enseignement bilingue ont été organisées par l’IUFM de l’académie de Montpellier chaque année depuis 2004. Les premières journées concernaient la dimension interculturelle du plurilinguisme, les suivantes avaient été recentrées sur l’apprentissage des langues étrangères. Enfin, celles de 2007 ont eu pour objet l’enseignement des disciplines non lingu...
Evidence-Guided Ophthalmology (2001)

<h3></h3> One challenge for ophthalmologists entering the 21st century will be to make clinical decisions based on valid information or evidence rather than intuition, hearsay, or peer practice. The practice of ophthalmology has been information based since its inception. However, before the development of modern clinical study design and statistics, ophthalmologists had been applying information from all sources to their practice, without regard to its quality. Subconsciously, many practitioners may give equal weight to the printed word, no matter the source. Because of an information explosion, ophthalmologists must now pick and choose evidence from a mountain of published information. How can this be done efficiently?
A Study on the Interfacial Corrosion of Carbon Steel in Dilute Hanford Waste Simulants (2010)

Abstract Corrosion at the liquid-air-interface (LAI) was observed in the dilute Hanford waste simulant at 50°C. The present study aimed at improving the understanding of the contributing factors for the corrosion at LAI. The obtained results indicated that the corrosion occurred at polarized potentials (e.g. 0 mV vs. SCE) was mainly due to the consumption of nitrite locally near the interface and thus led to an aggressive local chemistry. The results also suggest that the reactions with the CO2 in the ambient air alone could not lead to substantial pH change in the meniscus; aeration galvanic cell did not appear to be the major contributor for the LAI corrosion. It was found that LAI corrosion could be inhibited by increasing nitrite concentration to 0.6 M or by ammonia. The threshold concentration of the latter inhibitor appeared to be at 0.05 M added as NH4NO3. Additionally, LAI was not noted on the steel samples with simulated mill scale.
Effect of Ribavirin on Green Ring Mottle Causal Agent and Necrotic Ringspot Virus in<i>Prunus</i>Species (1984)

Etude de l'efficacite de la chimiotherapie par le Virazole contre des virus et des agents supposes viraux, sur des hotes ligneux
The Enterprise model for developing distributed applications (1993)

Enterprise is a programming environment for designing, coding, debugging, testing, monitoring, profiling, and executing programs for distributed hardware. Developers using Enterprise do not deal with low-level programming details such as marshalling data, sending/receiving messages, and synchronization. Instead, they write their programs in C, augmented by new semantics that allow procedure calls to be executed in parallel. Enterprise automatically inserts the necessary code for communication and synchronization. However, Enterprise does not choose the type of parallelism to apply. The developer is often the best judge of how parallelism can be exploited in a particular application, so Enterprise lets the programmer draw a diagram of the parallelism using a familiar analogy that is inherently parallel: a business organization, or enterprise, which divides large tasks into smaller tasks and allocates assets to perform those tasks. These assets correspond to techniques used in most large-grained parallel programs; pipelines, master/slave processes, divide-and-conquer, and so on,and the number and kinds of assets used determine the amount of parallelism.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
G protein-coupled lysophosphatidic acid receptors stimulate proliferation of colon cancer cells through the β-catenin pathway (2005)

Recent studies suggest that lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and its G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) LPA(1), LPA(2), or LPA(3) may play a role in the development of several types of cancers, including colorectal cancer. However, the specific receptor subtype(s) and their signal-transduction pathways responsible for LPA-induced cancer cell proliferation have not been fully elucidated. We show by specific RNA interference (RNAi) that LPA(2) and LPA(3) but not LPA(1) are targets for LPA-induced proliferation of HCT116 and LS174T colon cancer cells. We determined that LPA-induced colon cancer cell proliferation requires the beta-catenin signaling pathway, because knockdown of beta-catenin by RNAi abolished LPA-induced proliferation of HCT116 cells. Moreover, LPA activates the main signaling events in the beta-catenin pathway: phosphorylation of glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta), nuclear translocation of beta-catenin, transcriptional activation of T cell factor (Tcf)/lymphoid-enhancer factor (Lef), and expression of target genes. Inhibition of conventional protein kinase C (cPKC) blocked the effects, suggesting its involvement in LPA-induced activation of the beta-catenin pathway. Thus, LPA(2) and LPA(3) signal the proliferation of colon cancer cells through cPKC-mediated activation of the beta-catenin pathway. These results link LPA and its GPCRs to cancer through a major oncogenic signaling pathway.
Investigation of Applying Machine Learning for Watch-List Filtering in Anti-Money Laundering (2021)

Financial institutions must meet international regulations to ensure not to provide services to criminals and terrorists. They also need to continuously monitor financial transactions to detect suspicious activities. Businesses have many operations that monitor and validate their customer's information against sources that either confirm their identities or disprove. Failing to detect unclean transaction(s) will result in harmful consequences on the financial institution responsible for that such as warnings or fines depending on the transaction severity level. The financial institutions use Anti-money laundering (AML) software sanctions screening and Watch-list filtering to monitor every transaction within the financial network to verify that none of the transactions can be used to do business with forbidden people. Lately, the financial industry and academia have agreed that machine learning (ML) may have a significant impact on monitoring money transaction tools to fight money laundering. Several research work and implementations have been done on Know Your Customer (KYC) systems, but there is no work on the watch-list filtering systems because of the compliance risk. Thus, we propose an innovative model to automate the process of checking blocked transactions in the watch-list filtering systems. To the best of our knowledge, this paper is the first research work on automating the watch-list filtering systems. We develop a Machine Learning - Component (ML-Component) that will be integrated with the current watch-list filtering systems. Our proposed ML-Component consists of three phases; monitoring, advising, and take action. Our model will handle a known critical issue, which is the false-positives (i.e., transactions that are blocked by a false alarm). Also, it will minimize the compliance officers' effort, and provide faster processing time. We performed several experiments using different ML algorithms (SVM, DT, and NB) and found that the SVM outperforms other algorithms. Because our dataset is nonlinear, we used the polynomial kernel and achieved higher accuracy for predicting the transactionś decision, and the correlation matrix to show the relationship between the numeric features.
MicroRNA and cancer (2012)

With the advent of next generation sequencing techniques a previously unknown world of non-coding RNA molecules have been discovered. Non-coding RNA transcripts likely outnumber the group of protein coding sequences and hold promise of many new discoveries and mechanistic explanations for essential biological phenomena and pathologies. The best characterized non-coding RNA family consists in humans of about 1400 microRNAs for which abundant evidence have demonstrated fundamental importance in normal development, differentiation, growth control and in human diseases such as cancer. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge and concepts concerning the involvement of microRNAs in cancer, which have emerged from the study of cell culture and animal model systems, including the regulation of key cancer-related pathways, such as cell cycle control and the DNA damage response. Importantly, microRNA molecules are already entering the clinic as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for patient stratification and also as therapeutic targets and agents.
An Application of Triangulations to the Building of Structured Grids (1998)

We investigate a generalisation of classical boundary fitted structured grid generation to include additionallines - called controllines - to be honoured in the interior. See Thompson et al. [5] or Knupp [2] for reviews of boundary fitted grid generation. As far as we are aware, except for Hales [1], there is no literature conceming this generalised problem. We call the region enclosed by the boundary the domain. The problem occurs, for example, as a stage in generating grids to honour geological structures. In such applications the two sets of lines are extracted from faults and the boundary curve. We refer to the articles of Petterson [3] and Ponting [4] for background.