gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visible-Light Induced Water Detoxification Catalyzed by Pt<sup>II</sup> Dye Sensitized Titania (2008)

A new dye sensitization system incorporating Pt(dcbpy)Cl2 on Degussa P-25 TiO2 for the photomineralization of aqueous organic pollutants under visible light irradiation is described. The representative wastewater pollutant, 4-chlorophenol (4-CP), is readily oxidized (ultimately to CO2) when the PtII dye sensitized TiO2 is exposed to visible light in the presence of dissolved O2, and the reaction is accelerated when the solution is purged with O2 gas at 1 atm. The sensitizer is regenerated during the photocatalysis; therefore, 4-CP effectively reduces the oxidized form of the surface bound dye. The experimental data are consistent with parallel oxidative decomposition pathways for 4-CP, one which operates using conduction band electrons to produce hydroxyl radicals and another where the oxidized sensitizer irreversibly oxidizes 4-CP.
Vaccine Delivery by Polymeric Vehicles in the Mouse Reproductive Tract Induces Sustained Local and Systemic Immunity (2010)

Design of easily administered vaccines to protect the female reproductive tract against STIs such as HIV, HPV and HSV is a major step in improving world health standards. However, the effect of immunization routes and regimens (prime/boost) on immune response is not well-understood. Here, we present a systematic study of vaccine delivery by different routes and prime/boosting regimens to produce a robust humoral immune response in the reproductive tract. A model antigen, ovalbumin (OVA), was delivered orally or intranasally via polymer particles, and intravaginally via polymer disks to female mice. Repeated prime/boost at a single site result in high OVA-specific antibody levels in the serum for mice immunized orally (IgA) and invaginally (IgA and IgG) after 3 months. Vaginal antibody titers were the highest for mice immunized by intravaginal routes. Vaginal boosting following intranasal or oral priming did not appear to offer similar advantages to those primed intravaginally. Systemic immunization with OVA in Freund's adjuvant produced robust serum IgG levels, but little serum IgA or antibodies in the vaginal washings. All immunization schemes produced a significant level of IgG in the intestinal mucosa, with the exception of nasal priming followed by intravaginal boost with slow-releasing disks. In contrast, only immunization by nasal priming and intravaginal boost with fast-releasing disks was able to achieve significantly high intestinal IgA titers.
Circulating relaxin acts on subfornical organ neurons to stimulate water drinking in the rat (2002)

Relaxin, a peptide hormone secreted by the corpus luteum during pregnancy, exerts actions on reproductive tissues such as the pubic symphysis, uterus, and cervix. It may also influence body fluid balance by actions on the brain to stimulate thirst and vasopressin secretion. We mapped the sites in the brain that are activated by i.v. infusion of a dipsogenic dose of relaxin (25 microg/h) by immunohistochemically detecting Fos expression. Relaxin administration resulted in increased Fos expression in the subfornical organ (SFO), organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT), median preoptic nucleus, and magnocellular neurons in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei. Ablation of the SFO abolished relaxin-induced water drinking, but did not prevent increased Fos expression in the OVLT, supraoptic or paraventricular nuclei. Although ablation of the OVLT did not inhibit relaxin-induced drinking, it did cause a large reduction in Fos expression in the supraoptic nucleus and posterior magnocellular subdivision of the paraventricular nucleus. In vitro single-unit recording of electrical activity of neurons in isolated slices of the SFO showed that relaxin (10(-7) M) added to the perfusion medium caused marked and prolonged increase in neuronal activity. Most of these neurons also responded to 10(-7) M angiotensin II. The data indicate that blood-borne relaxin can directly stimulate neurons in the SFO to initiate water drinking. It is likely that circulating relaxin also stimulates neurons in the OVLT that influence vasopressin secretion. These two circumventricular organs that lack a blood-brain barrier may have regulatory influences on fluid balance during pregnancy in rats.
Applications of Molecular Biology in Weed Science (1991)

Rapid strides are being made in understanding the fundamental regulation of plant growth, development, and responses to the environment due to recent advances in molecular biology. Current questions in weed science such as herbicide mechanisms of action, biodegradation, and mechanisms of weed resistance are equally approachable using such methodology. Efforts to introduce herbicide resistance into agronomically important crops are possible because of successful isolation and transfer of genes. Investigations of weed survival and competitive strategies based on developmental processes, such as seed dormancy, are currently underway using techniques designed to monitor and characterize differential gene expression. Molecular methodology also plays a key role in taxonomic studies of weed populations using restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping. The future potential for these and other techniques such as nucleic acid hybridization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), gene transfer, and the use of transgenic plants is described.
REVIEWS (1939)

REVIEWS Get access The Riddle of the Didache: Fact or Fiction, Heresy or Catholicism? by F. E. VOKES. Published for the Church Historical Society. Pp. 222. ( Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1938.) B. T. D. SMITH B. T. D. SMITH Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Journal of Theological Studies, Volume os-XL, Issue 3, July 1939, Pages 287–288, https://doi.org/10.1093/jts/os-XL.3.287 Published: 01 July 1939
Modelling of operation of a lithium-air battery with ambient air and oxygen-selective membrane (2013)

A macro-homogeneous model has been developed to evaluate the impact of replacing pure oxygen with ambient air on the performance of a rechargeable non-aqueous Li-air battery. The model exhibits a significant reduction in discharge capacity, e.g. from 1240 to 226 mAh gcarbon−1 at 0.05 mA cm−2 when using ambient air rather than pure oxygen. The model correlates the relationship between the performance and electrolyte decomposition and formation of discharge products (such as Li2O2 and Li2CO3) under ambient air conditions. The model predicts a great benefit of using an oxygen-selective membrane on increasing capacity. The results indicate a good agreement between the experimental data and the model.
Structural and Electrochemical Study of a New Crystalline Hydrated Iron(III) Phosphate FePO<sub>4</sub>·H<sub>2</sub>O Obtained from LiFePO<sub>4</sub>(OH) by Ion Exchange (2010)

A new iron(III) phosphate FePO4·H2O, isostructural to already reported VPO4·H2O and MnPO4·H2O phases, was obtained from tavorite LiFePO4(OH) through a Li+/H+ exchange. The composition of this new phase was confirmed by different chemical analyses. The ion-exchange reaction was shown to be topotactic; indeed the structures of LiFePO4OH and FePO4·H2O are very similar and both are characterized by chains of FeO6 octahedra, interconnected through PO4 tetrahedra, such as the resulting frameworks enclose different types of tunnels. A neutron diffraction study has allowed the localization of hydrogens in the FePO4·H2O structure, revealing that the two hydrogen atoms are linked to the oxygen atoms shared by two adjacent FeO6 octahedra. The presence of these “H2O-like” groups inserted along the FeO6 chains leads to a considerable distortion of the FeO6 octahedra. The nature of the −OH and −OH2 groups in LiFePO4OH and FePO4·H2O, respectively, was confirmed by vibrational spectroscopies. Lithium intercalation was shown to occur in FePO4·H2O through the reduction of Fe3+ to Fe2+ at an average voltage of ∼2.8 V (vs Li+/Li) with a good cyclability.
Electrical characteristics of Mo/4H-SiC Schottky diodes having ion-implanted guard rings: temperature and implant-dose dependence (2011)

The electrical characteristics of ion-implanted guard rings for molybdenum (Mo) Schottky diodes on 4H-SiC are analyzed on the basis of the standard thermionic emission model and the assumption of a Gaussian distribution of the barrier height. For edge termination, high-resistivity guard rings manufactured by carbon and aluminum ion-implanted areas were used. Extractions of barrier heights of molybdenum on silicon carbide (4H-SiC) Schottky diodes have been performed on structures with various gate metallization, using both current–voltage–temperature (I–V–T) and capacitance–voltage (C–V) measurements. Characteristic features of the Schottky barrier height (SBH) are considered in relation to the specific dose of the carbon- or aluminum-implanted guard ring. Contacts showed excellent Schottky behavior ideality factors between 1.02 and 1.24 in the range of 303–473 K. The measured SBHs were between 0.92 and 1.17 eV in the same temperature range from I–V–T characteristics. The variations in the barrier height, which is significantly temperature- and implantation-dose-dependent, are well fitted to a single Gaussian distribution function. Experimental results agree reasonably well by using this approach, particularly for carbon implantation dose of 1.75 × 1014 cm−2, and a mean barrier height () of 1.22 eV and zero bias standard deviation σ0 = 0.067 V have been obtained. Furthermore, the modified Richardson plot according to the Gaussian distribution model resulted in a mean barrier height () and a Richardson constant (A*) of 1.22 eV and 148 A cm−2 K−2, respectively. The A* value obtained from this plot is in very close agreement with the theoretical value of 146 A cm−2 K−2 for n-type 4H-SiC. Therefore, it has been concluded that the temperature dependence of the forward (I–V) characteristics of the Mo/4H-SiC contacts can be successfully explained on the basis of a thermionic emission conduction mechanism with Guassianly distributed barriers.
Plasmodium falciparum Uses gC1qR/HABP1/p32 as a Receptor to Bind to Vascular Endothelium and for Platelet-Mediated Clumping (2007)

The ability of Plasmodium falciparum-infected red blood cells (IRBCs) to bind to vascular endothelium, thus enabling sequestration in vital host organs, is an important pathogenic mechanism in malaria. Adhesion of P. falciparum IRBCs to platelets, which results in the formation of IRBC clumps, is another cytoadherence phenomenon that is associated with severe disease. Here, we have used in vitro cytoadherence assays to demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that P. falciparum IRBCs use the 32-kDa human protein gC1qR/HABP1/p32 as a receptor to bind to human brain microvascular endothelial cells. In addition, we show that P. falciparum IRBCs can also bind to gC1qR/HABP1/p32 on platelets to form clumps. Our study has thus identified a novel host receptor that is used for both adhesion to vascular endothelium and platelet-mediated clumping. Given the association of adhesion to vascular endothelium and platelet-mediated clumping with severe disease, adhesion to gC1qR/HABP1/p32 by P. falciparum IRBCs may play an important role in malaria pathogenesis.
An environmentally regulated pilus‐like appendage involved in<i>Campylobacter</i>pathogenesis (1996)

Examination of strains of Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter coli, and Campylobacter fetus by electron microscopy revealed that they produced peritrichous pilus-like appendages when the bacteria were grown in the presence of bile salts. Various bile-salt supplements were used and it was found that deoxycholate and chenodeoxycholic acid caused a significant enhancement of pilus production and resulted in a highly aggregative phenotype. Morphologically, the pili were between 4 and 7 nm in width and were greater than 1 micron in length. A gene, termed pspA, which encodes a predicted protein resembling protease IV of Escherichia coli, was identified in C. jejuni strain 81-176. A site-specific insertional mutation within this gene resulted in the loss of pilus synthesis as determined by electron microscopy. Insertions upstream and downstream of the gene had no effect on pilus production. The non-piliated mutant of strain 81-176 showed no reduction in adherence to or invasion of INT 407 cells in vitro. However, this mutant, while still possessing the ability to colonize ferrets, caused significantly reduced disease symptoms in this animal model.
计算机的名字——利用IP标准、命名规则以及两个常用工具识别计算机 (2006)

公司管理员一般都会负责规模不等的网络和计算机。尤其是在大规模网络中，当某台计算机出现问题的时候，如何能迅速定位该机器是事件响应的关键一步，这需要事前良好的网络和计算机规划。也需要对常用工具的熟练运用。
Acute Effects of Intraperitoneal Versus Subcutaneous Insulin Delivery on Glucose Homeostasis in Patients With NIDDM (1996)

OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to compare the effect of intraperitoneal versus subcutaneous insulin injection on hepatic glucose production (HGP) and systemic glucose utilization (Rd) in patients with NIDDM. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Eight male volunteers with NIDDM, each of whom had a programmable-rate, implantable insulin pump, were given an injection of insulin (0.15 units/kg body wt) by intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection on separate days in randomized order. Plasma glucose was kept constant for 5 h using the glucose clamp technique, and HGP and Rd were measured using isotope dilution. RESULTS Intraperitoneal insulin injection resulted in higher and earlier peak systemic insulin concentrations (1,469 ± 245 vs. 454 ± 48 pmol/l, P &lt; 0.01). Glucose Rd doubled within 1 h after intraperitoneal injection and was greater than that attained with subcutaneous injection (3.91 ± 0.27 vs. 2.60 ± 0.19 mg · kg−1 · min−1, P &lt; 0.01). Intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections suppressed HGP and plasma free fatty acid to a similar extent during the first 3 h, effects that persisted through 5 h after subcutaneous insulin injection but waned 3–4 h after intraperitoneal injection. CONCLUSIONS In patients with NIDDM, intraperitoneal insulin injection achieves more rapid and greater peak values for stimulation of glucose Rd than subcutaneous insulin injection. With regard to HGP and lipolysis, intraperitoneal and subcutaneous injections achieve similar initial suppression but this is maintained for a more limited duration with intraperitoneal as compared with subcutaneous injection. These differences in insulin action seem directly related to the rapidity of insulin absorption with intraperitoneal injection.
Ghost cytometry (2018)

Ghost imaging is a technique used to produce an object's image without using a spatially resolving detector. Here we develop a technique we term "ghost cytometry," an image-free ultrafast fluorescence "imaging" cytometry based on a single-pixel detector. Spatial information obtained from the motion of cells relative to a static randomly patterned optical structure is compressively converted into signals that arrive sequentially at a single-pixel detector. Combinatorial use of the temporal waveform with the intensity distribution of the random pattern allows us to computationally reconstruct cell morphology. More importantly, we show that applying machine-learning methods directly on the compressed waveforms without image reconstruction enables efficient image-free morphology-based cytometry. Despite a compact and inexpensive instrumentation, image-free ghost cytometry achieves accurate and high-throughput cell classification and selective sorting on the basis of cell morphology without a specific biomarker, both of which have been challenging to accomplish using conventional flow cytometers.
Self-administered C1 esterase inhibitor concentrates for the management of hereditary angioedema: usability and patient acceptance (2016)

Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease characterized by episodic subcutaneous or submucosal swelling. The primary cause for the most common form of HAE is a deficiency in functional C1 esterase inhibitor (C1-INH). The swelling caused by HAE can be painful, disfiguring, and life-threatening. It reduces daily function and compromises the quality of life of affected individuals and their caregivers. Among different treatment strategies, replacement with C1-INH concentrates is employed for on-demand treatment of acute attacks and long-term prophylaxis. Three human plasma-derived C1-INH preparations are approved for HAE treatment in the US, the European Union, or both regions: Cinryze(®), Berinert(®), and Cetor(®); however, only Cinryze is approved for long-term prophylaxis. Postmarketing studies have shown that home therapy (self-administered or administered by a caregiver) is a convenient and safe option preferred by many HAE patients. In this review, we summarize the role of self-administered plasma-derived C1-INH concentrate therapy with Cinryze at home in the prophylaxis of HAE.
Capturing the effect of crosstalk on delay (2002)

Crosstalk is generally recognized as a major problem in IC design. This paper presents a novel approach to the efficient measurement of the effect of crosstalk on the delay of a net using an algorithm whose worst-case complexity is polynomial-time in the number of nets. The cost of the algorithm is seen to be O(nlogn) in practice, where n is the number of nets, and it is amenable to being incorporated into the inner loop of a timing optimizer. To illustrate this, the method is applied to reduce the effects of crosstalk in channel routing, where it is seen to give an average improvement of 23% in the delay in a channel as compared to the worst case, as measured by SPICE.
Blend Membranes Based on Sulfonated Poly(ether ether ketone) and Polysulfone Bearing Benzimidazole Side Groups for DMFCs (2007)

Blend membranes consisting of sulfonated polyether ether ketoneSPEEK, which is an acidic polymer, and polysulfone bearing benzimidazole side groups PSf-BIm, which is a basic polymer, have been prepared with various PSf-BIm contents 0-1 0w t%. The blend membranes have been characterized by ion exchange capacity, proton conductivity, liquid uptake, methanol permeability, and polarization measurements in direct methanol fuel cell DMFC. The membranes with an optimum PSf-BIm content of 8 wt % exhibit electrochemical performance in DMFC better than that of plain SPEEK membrane due to an enhancement in proton conductivity through acid-base interactions and lower methanol crossover.
Mechanisms of Toll-Like Receptor 4 (TLR4)-Mediated Inflammation After Cold Ischemia/Reperfusion in the Heart (2009)

CD14, MyD88, TRIF, and HMGB1 contribute to the inflammatory response that occurs after cold I/R. These results provide insight into the mechanisms of TLR4-mediated inflammation after cold I/R.
Stabilizer states and Clifford operations for systems of arbitrary dimensions and modular arithmetic (2005)

We describe generalizations of the Pauli group, the Clifford group, and stabilizer states for qudits in a Hilbert space of arbitrary dimension $d$. We examine a link with modular arithmetic, which yields an efficient way of representing the Pauli group and the Clifford group with matrices over ${\mathbb{Z}}_{d}$. We further show how a Clifford operation can be efficiently decomposed into one and two-qudit operations. We also focus in detail on standard basis expansions of stabilizer states.
Incorporation of bisphosphonates into adenine nucleotides by amoebae of the cellular slime mould <i>Dictyostelium discoideum</i> (1994)

Bisphosphonates are a class of synthetic pyrophosphate analogues. Some are known to be potent inhibitors of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption in vivo, but their mechanisms of action are unclear. The order of potency of bisphosphonates as inhibitors of bone resorption closely matches the order of potency as inhibitors of growth of amoebae of the slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum, indicating that bisphosphonates may have a mechanism of action that is similar in both osteoclasts and Dictyostelium. Methylenebisphosphonate and several halogenated derivatives, which have low potency as antiresorptive agents and as growth inhibitors of Dictyostelium, are metabolized intracellularly by Dictyostelium amoebae into methylene-containing adenine nucleotides. We have used a combination of n.m.r. and f.p.l.c. analysis to determine whether incorporation into nucleotides is a feature of other bisphosphonates, especially those that are potent antiresorptive agents. Only bisphosphonates with short side chains or of low potency are incorporated into adenine nucleotides, whereas those with long side chains or of high potency are not metabolized. Bisphosphonate metabolism in cell-free extracts of Dictyostelium was accompanied by inhibition of aminoacylation of tRNA by several aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. These enzymes were barely affected by the bisphosphonates that were not metabolized. The results indicate that some bisphosphonates are not metabolically inert analogues of pyrophosphate and appear to be metabolized by aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases. The cellular effects of some bisphosphonates may be the result of their incorporation into adenine nucleotides or inhibition of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases, although the potent bisphosphonates appear to act by a different mechanism.
Synthesis and characterization of halogen‐containing polyisophthalamides (1997)

Abstract Two series of aromatic polyamides were prepared from m ‐phenylenediamine (MPD) and 4,4′‐diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) in combination with a set of new halogenated diacyl chlorides, namely, 5‐fluoroisophthaloyl chloride, 5‐chloroisophthaloyl chloride, 5‐bromoisophthaloyl chloride and 5‐iodoisophthaloyl chloride. The polymers were synthesized in high yields and in high molecular weight (as determined by gel permeation chromatography) by means of the low temperature condensation method. Noticeable changes in the spectral characteristics of the halogen‐modified polyisophthalamides were observed compared to those of the corresponding unmodified polyisophthalamides. Slight improvements were observed for the glass transition temperatures, which increased 5–30°C relative to those of the conventional polyisophthalamides. Moreover, a correlation was found between the size of the halogen substituents and the increase in T g values. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the new polymers are almost as thermally resistant as the unmodified ones, while solubility in organic solvents was some‐what poorer.
Beam scanning performance of leaky-wave slot array on left-handed waveguide (2007)

The purpose of this research is to improve design flexibility of array antenna operating on traveling-wave excitation. Beam direction can be controlled by phase change caused by transmitting through the periodic structure in slotted waveguide. The slot array antenna on a left-handed waveguide (LHWG) is designed in this paper. The antenna was composed of slots on a left-handed waveguide in which pairs of capacitive series stub on H-plane and inductive iris are periodically arranged to give the phase advance in the waveguide. Radiation pattern of fabricated antenna was measured and the characteristic of a left-handed transmission line was confirmed. Moreover, it was confirmed to be able to scan the beam direction by changing the length of the capacitive series stub.
Asymmetric Total Synthesis of (<i>S</i>)-(+)-Cocaine and the First Synthesis of Cocaine C-1 Analogs from <i>N</i>-Sulfinyl β-Amino Ester Ketals (2010)

Sulfinimine-derived α,β-unsaturated pyrrolidine nitrones, on heating with Al(O-t-Bu)(3), undergo a highly stereoselective intramolecular [3 + 2] cycloaddition to give tricyclic isoxazolidines, which are transformed in three-steps to give C-1 substituted cocaine analogs.