gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Novel Back Surface Field (BSF) structure formation by modified solution derived nanocomposite (SDN) method for low cost new cell concept implementation (2010)

A novel technology based on a modified hybrid sol-gel technology is presented with PV cell data showing improved performance capability. This “liquid” based approach is envisioned to replace standard Al-BSF with the novel solution based BSF. This latter method can be readily scaled up to the necessary industrial manufacturing levels for c-Si solar cells of virtually any design. Comparative PV test cells were processed and the data show a simultaneous 30% increase in Voc and Jsc accompanied with red shifted spectral IQE graphs using the solution approach. Improved surface passivation is also observed. These results provide the proof-of-concept data. The key advantage is that with this approach, high-quality films with tunable parameters can be generated using low cost, high throughput, non-vacuum processing. Further, various aspects of the materials generated by this approach will enable higher cell performance by providing flexibility in the range of thin film deposition and for extended interface engineering. The approach assists in the progression of the PV roadmap for advanced cell designs envisioned for improved conversion efficiency, as well as for thinner wafers, both of which will impose significant demands and constraints on processing conditions.
High-throughput protein crystallography and drug discovery (2004)

Single crystal X-ray diffraction is the technique of choice for studying the interactions of small organic molecules with proteins by determining their three-dimensional structures; however the requirement for highly purified protein and lack of process automation have traditionally limited its use in this field. Despite these shortcomings, the use of crystal structures of therapeutically relevant drug targets in pharmaceutical research has increased significantly over the last decade. The application of structure-based drug design has resulted in several marketed drugs and is now an established discipline in most pharmaceutical companies. Furthermore, the recently published full genome sequences of Homo sapiens and a number of micro-organisms have provided a plethora of new potential drug targets that could be utilised in structure-based drug design programs. In order to take maximum advantage of this explosion of information, techniques have been developed to automate and speed up the various procedures required to obtain protein crystals of suitable quality, to collect and process the raw X-ray diffraction data into usable structural information, and to use three-dimensional protein structure as a basis for drug discovery and lead optimisation. This tutorial review covers the various technologies involved in the process pipeline for high-throughput protein crystallography as it is currently being applied to drug discovery. It is aimed at synthetic and computational chemists, as well as structural biologists, in both academia and industry, who are interested in structure-based drug design.
Functional Properties of Human Vascular Endothelial Cadherin (7B4/Cadherin-5), an Endothelium-Specific Cadherin (1995)

Human vascular endothelial cadherin (VE-cadherin, 7B4/cadherin-5) is an endothelial-specific cadherin localized at the intercellular junctions. To directly investigate the functional role of this molecule we cloned the full-length cDNA from human endothelial cells and transfected its coding region into Chinese hamster ovary cells. The product of the transfected cDNA had the same molecular weight as the natural VE-cadherin in human endothelial cells, and reacted with several VE-cadherin mouse monoclonal antibodies. Furthermore, it selectively concentrated at intercellular junctions, where it codistributed with alpha-catenin. VE-cadherin conferred adhesive properties to transfected cells. It mediated homophilic, calcium-dependent aggregation and cell-to-cell adhesion. In addition, it decreased intercellular permeability to high-molecular weight molecules and reduced cell migration rate across a wounded area. Thus, VE-cadherin may exert a relevant role in endothelial cell biology through control of the cohesion and organization of the intercellular junctions.
Developmental and Hormonal Regulation of Sunflower Helianthinin Genes: Proximal Promoter Sequences Confer Regionalized Seed Expression (1994)

Andrew N. Nunberg, Zhuwen Li, Molly A. Bogue, Jeevalatha Vivekananda, Avutu S. Reddy, Terry L. Thomas, Developmental and Hormonal Regulation of Sunflower Helianthinin Genes: Proximal Promoter Sequences Confer Regionalized Seed Expression, The Plant Cell, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Apr., 1994), pp. 473-486
Supporting Privacy-Conscious App Update Decisions with User Reviews (2015)

Smartphone app updates are critical to user security and privacy. New versions may fix important security bugs, which is why users should usually update their apps. However, occasionally apps turn malicious or radically change features in a way users dislike. Users should not necessarily always update in those circumstances, but current update processes are largely automatic. Therefore, it is important to understand user behaviors around updating apps and help them to make security-conscious choices. We conducted two related studies in this area. First, to understand users' current update decisions, we conducted an online survey of user attitudes toward updates. Based on the survey results, we then designed a notification scheme integrating user reviews, which we tested in a field study. Participants installed an Android app that simulated update notifications, enabling us to collect users' update decisions and reactions. We compared the effectiveness of our review-based update notifications with the permission-based notifications. Compared to notifications with permission descriptions only, we found our review-based update notification was more effective at alerting users of invasive or malicious app updates, especially for less trustworthy apps.
Australia Antigen: Large-Scale Purification from Human Serum and Biochemical Studies of Its Proteins (1971)

Biophysical techniques are described for the large-scale isolation of Australia antigen (Au) from unit quantities of human serum by using the batch-type zonal centrifuge rotors. A three-step procedure involving isopycnic banding of the particle in CsCl density gradients and rate-zonal centrifugation on sucrose gradients resulted in a highly purified Au preparation which was used for biochemical studies of Au proteins and as immunizing antigen for the production of reagent antiserum in animals. The spherical form of Au, which was devoid of detectable nucleic acid, was composed of two major proteins (AuP1 and AuP2) and a minor protein (AuP3) of 26,000, 32,000, and 40,000 molecular weight, respectively, as determined by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The significance of these findings to the possibility of Au subtypes is discussed.
A Six Year Prospective Study of Fibrinogen and Other Risk Factors Associated with Mortality in Stable Claudicants (1992)

A total of 333 patients with stable intermittent claudication at recruitment were followed up for 6 years to determine risk factors associated with subsequent mortality. Cardiovascular diseases were the underlying cause of death in 78% of the 114 patients who died. The strongest independent predictor of death during the follow-up period was the plasma fibrinogen level, an increase of 1 milligram being associated with a nearly two-fold increase in the probability of death within the next 6 years. Age, low ankle/brachial pressure index and a past history of myocardial infarction also increased the probability of death during the study period. The plasma fibrinogen level is a valuable index of those patients with stable intermittent claudication at high risk of early mortality. The results also provide further evidence for the involvement of fibrinogen in the pathogenesis of arterial disease.
Synthesis of potential metabolites of (S)-(-)-bromofosfamide. (2004)

(S)-(-)-Bromofosfamide, a newly obtained anticancer agent, recently became a subject of phase I clinical trials in Poland. With the aim to study its metabolism in humans using phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance a group of potential metabolites of this agent was synthesized.
Estado de las empresas solidarias de salud en el departamento de Antioquia 1.993 - 1.996 (1996)

The processes lived by 13 of the Solidarity Health Companies (E:S:S:) of Antioquia \nDuring the 1993-1996 period were described with emphasis on: identification of the population object, conformation phases (Sanitary Effort, Entrepereunial Effort), determination of demand, administrative and orgazational structure, health services and economic situation. \nAll companies fulfilled the Health Ministry design to be certified and come lending services to their beneficiary. Also have shown important achlevements in Community Participation and in the setup of the Regime Subsididized in Health. These companies present administrative and organizational limitations and lack of information systems. Their countabble states are outdated. \nThe E:S:S companies are alternative in Community Participation and auto effort of the municipallities of Colombia. This is a applied by the Subsidy Administrastion of Health Demand for the poorest and vulnerable population. They have a particular emphasis in promotion and prevention to seek a new culture of health.
Micellar catalysis of organic reactions. Part 36. Nucleophilic aromatic substitution reactions in hydroxy functionalized micelles with bulky head groups (1994)

Abstract The reaction of several nitro activated aromatic halides with hydroxide ions was studied in the presence of hydroxy functionalized micelles containing bulky head groups, e.g. C 16 H 33 N + R 2 CH 2 CH 2 OH Br − , where R = Me, Et, Bu. In a biphasic reaction, the aryl halide is first converted into an aryl mincellar ether which subsequently reacts with hydroxide ions to form the phenolic product. Despite the increased nucleophilicity of hydroxide ions as water is squeezed away from the micelle surface by the bulky head groups, no direct reaction of the aromatic substrate with hydroxide ion is detectable. In the second phase of reaction, the breakdown of the aryl micellar ether to form the phenolic product, the order of reactivity in the different micelles is dependent on the steric interactions between substituents ortho to the reaction centre and the head group of the micelle. For compounds having one substituent ortho to the reaction centre, the order of reactivity is Bu > Me > Et, whereas for 2‐chloro‐1,3‐dinitrobenzene, which has two substituents ortho to the reaction centre, the order is Me > Et > Bu.
Assembly of contact-phase factors on the surface of the human neutrophil membrane (1994)

H-kininogen (HK), a major factor involved in contact-phase activation, was recently immunolocalized on the external surface of human neutrophils. Experiments were, therefore, designed to consider the question of whether the complete assembly of contact factors occurs on the outer surface of the neutrophil membrane. By immunolocalization techniques, and using specific antibodies directed against the various contact factors, we now demonstrate that plasma prekallikrein (PK), factor XI (FXI), and factor XII (FXII) are present on the exterior face of the human neutrophil. Failure to localize HK, PK, or FXI by monoclonal antibodies directed to their reciprocal binding sites, and displacement of PK/FXI by peptide HK31, which mimics the relevant binding site(s) of HK, suggested that prekallikrein and FXI are anchored to the neutrophil membrane through attachment to the kininogen molecule. Probing of the kinin moiety by a specific antibody showed that kininogen molecules bound to the neutrophil cell membrane contain the kinin sequence, which can be released by plasma kallikrein or by tissue kallikrein. Our results led us to the novel conclusion that neutrophils provide a circulating platform for the components of the contact-phase system.
Evidence That Mannosyl Residues Are Involved in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Pathogenesis (1987)

The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), the causative agent of AIDS, is thought to bind to T4+ (CD4+) target cells through the heavily glycosylated gp120 envelope glycoprotein. Plant lectins bind glycoproteins through noncovalent interaction with specific hexose residues; therefore, lectins were evaluated for their ability to inactivate HIV in vitro. The mannose-specific lectins concanavalin-A and succinyl concanavalin-A completely inactivated HIV while lentil lectin, wheat germ agglutinin, and phytohemagglutinin-P substantially inactivated HIV. BS-II, Vicia villosa (hairy vetch), and Ptilota plumosa (red marine algae) failed to alter the infectibility of HIV. Neither simple stearic hindrance, viral aggregation, nor lectin-cell interactions served to explain this phenomenon. Glycoprotein glycosylation was evaluated by differential lectin binding as well as molecular weight changes in gp120 when virus was produced in the presence of swainsonine, a glycosylation inhibitor. Lentil lectin bound gp120 better than concanavalin-A, suggesting the majority of glycosylation sites are fucosylated. The apparent molecular weight of gp120 was reduced by swainsonine, although HIV infectivity and concanavalin-A inactivation were retained. Thus, at least some N-glycosylation sites are complex-type glycoproteins but regions external to the (GlcNAc)2(Man)3 "core" pentasaccharide region are not required for HIV infectivity. It appears that the site or sites involved are nonfucosylated, high mannose and/or biantennary, nonsialylated, N-glycosylated regions of gp120 or gp41. Alternatively, they may be in close approximation to such carbohydrate regions.
<i>POGONUS NIGRESCENS</i> SP. N. FROM NORTH QUEENSLAND, (COLEOPTERA: CARABIDAE) (1984)

Abstract Pogonus nigrescens sp. n. is described from the western slope of the Atherton Tableland, north Queensland, and is compared with the other pigmented species of Pogonus Nicolai of Australia. The discovery of the well known species Pogonus cardiotrachelus Chaudoir as far north as the Hamersley Ranges, Western Australia, is reported.
Texture Measures for Automatic Classification of Pulmonary Disease (1972)

The complete pattern recognition problem is considered for the practical solution to a current significant medical question. Automated screening of chest radiographs for the detection of textural type abnormalities is approached from the view of: 1) preprocessing for standardization and data reduction; 2) feature extraction of characteristic measures (feature selection by optimization of classification accuracy); and 3) overall classification using training and test sets of selected chest radiographs.
Activation of free-charge carriers in Be-implanted GaAs annealed at low temperatures (1986)

Free-charge carriers in both room- and low-temperature Be-implanted GaAs were generated by annealing at 400, 450, and 475 °C and were observed by using both infrared reflection and electrical measurements. Annealing at 400 °C for 2 h removes homogeneously most of the damage-related changes in the refractive index. Longer annealing (∼50 h) or shorter term annealing at higher temperature produces free carriers. A computer model including plasma effects was used to fit the reflection curves. In general the infrared analysis results and the electric data were in reasonable agreement. Results for the room-temperature-implanted samples show the free-carrier density profile, approximated by joined half-Gaussians, to be (i) a standard deviation for the deeper half-Gaussian (σh≤0.1 μm), which is about the same or smaller than that observed by secondary ion mass spectrometry measurements (∼0.13 μm) for the Be profile, and (ii) a peak position 1.2 μm, which is deeper than the Be ion peak at 0.95 μm. Both peak positions remain essentially unchanged during the anneals. Activation of carriers at these low temperatures is not seen in either Si- or Zn-implanted GaAs. The Zn-implanted material has a weak effect at 500 °C, while the Si-implanted material has none up to 550 °C. The free-carrier profile is considered as the combination of the concentration distributions of dopant ions, Ga vacancies, and possible compensating damage-related states. The discussion centers on the detailed results for the Be case.
Burst and Collapse of a Sealed Multilateral Junction: Numerical Simulations (1999)

Abstract Multilateral well technology has progressed during the 1990s. Much effort is now concentrated on the development of a multilateral system where both a mechanical and a pressure seal are provided throughout by the well casing itself. Such a system would extend the application of multilaterals to a number of new environments (including higher pressure applications) and could also supersede many existing multilateral systems. This paper describes finite element analysis undertaken to assess the effects of internal and external pressure on a sealed multilateral junction. The studies consider a junction formed between a 9.625 inch mainbore and a 7 inch lateral. Results suggest that an unreinforced junction with lateral inclined at 2.5 degrees to the mainbore would burst at 8 to 16 per cent of the mainbore casing strength and collapse at 8 to 28 per cent. Increasing the angle between mainbore and lateral to 5 degrees gives only a limited increase in strength. Subsequent finite element simulations were then performed to suggest alternative methods for improving burst and collapse strengths. Findings indicate that values can approach standard oilfield tubular strengths if steel reinforcement is provided at the junction. A significant increase in burst strength is also predicted if the junction can be firmly cemented. The extent of this increase is highly dependent on both the quality of the cementing and the cement material properties. Benefits of cement under external pressure are generally limited due to failure of the cement.
Proportional hazards tests and diagnostics based on weighted residuals (1994)

SUMMARY Nonproportional hazards can often be expressed by extending the Cox model to include time varying coefficients; e.g., for a single covariate, the hazard function for subject i is modelled as exp { fl(t)Zi(t)}. A common example is a treatment effect that decreases with time. We show that the function /3(t) can be directly visualized by smoothing an appropriate residual plot. Also, many tests of proportional hazards, including those of Cox (1972), Gill & Schumacher (1987), Harrell (1986), Lin (1991), Moreau, O'Quigley & Mesbah (1985), Nagelkerke, Oosting & Hart (1984), O'Quigley & Pessione (1989), Schoenfeld (1980) and Wei (1984) are related to time-weighted score tests of the proportional hazards hypothesis, and can be visualized as a weighted least-squares line fitted to the residual plot.
Integrated photonics: Enabling optical component technologies for next generation access networks (2007)

Integrated photonics technologies are reviewed in application to access network transceivers. Low manufacturing cost and high volume scalability, achievable through monolithic integration by means of semiconductor wafer fabrication techniques, identified as enablers for mass deployment.
Analysis of the DNA methylation level of cancer-related genes in colorectal cancer and the surrounding normal mucosa (2017)

Our results showed that DNA methylation of <i>SFRP1</i> and <i>SFRP2</i> might be useful to predict cancer risk of surrounding normal mucosa. In addition, a field effect may be present in CRC, affecting both adjacent and non-adjacent normal mucosa.
Rate Limiting Barrier to the Penetration of Ocular Hypotensive Beta Blockers Across the Corneal Epithelium in the Pigmented Rabbit (1990)

The objective of this study was to determine the rate-limiting layer(s) in the penetration of ocular hypotensive beta blockers across the corneal epithelium in the pigmented rabbit. The beta blockers studied were, in order of increasing lipophilicity, atenolol, timolol, levobunolol, and betaxolol. Corneal drug penetration was evaluated over 240 min using the isolated pigmented rabbit cornea in the modified Ussing chamber. Reversed phase HPLC was the analytical methodology. The cornea was preexposed to 20-100 microM digitonin for 15 min in an attempt to strip off selective layers of the corneal epithelium. The corneal epithelium offered no resistance to the penetration of the very lipophilic betaxolol. The major resistance to the corneal penetration of the moderately lipophilic timolol and levobunolol was in the superficial cell layers of the corneal epithelium. For the hydrophilic atenolol, the resistance to corneal drug penetration appeared to extend across all corneal epithelial cell layers. The above findings suggest that the number of corneal epithelial cell layers limiting the corneal penetration of ocularly administered drugs is inversely related to drug lipophilicity.
Improving siRNA Delivery <i>In Vivo</i> Through Lipid Conjugation (2018)

RNA interference (RNAi)-based therapeutics are approaching clinical approval for genetically defined diseases. Current clinical success is a result of significant innovations in the development of chemical architectures that support sustained, multi-month efficacy in vivo following a single administration. Conjugate-mediated delivery has established itself as the most promising platform for safe and targeted small interfering RNA (siRNA) delivery. Lipophilic conjugates represent a major class of modifications that improve siRNA pharmacokinetics and enable efficacy in a broad range of tissues. Here, we review current literature and define key features and limitations of this approach for in vivo modulation of gene expression.
Do Mechanical Turks dream of square pie charts? (2010)

Online studies are an attractive alternative to the laborintensive lab study, and promise the possibility of reaching a larger variety and number of people than at a typical university. There are also a number of draw-backs, however, that have made these studies largely impractical so far.
Assessing value of innovative molecular diagnostic tests in the concept of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (2015)

Molecular diagnostic tests drive the scientific and technological uplift in the field of predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine offering invaluable clinical and socioeconomic benefits to the key stakeholders. Although the results of diagnostic tests are immensely influential, molecular diagnostic tests (MDx) are still grudgingly reimbursed by payers and amount for less than 5 % of the overall healthcare costs. This paper aims at defining the value of molecular diagnostic test and outlining the most important components of "value" from miscellaneous assessment frameworks, which go beyond accuracy and feasibility and impact the clinical adoption, informing healthcare resource allocation decisions. The authors suggest that the industry should facilitate discussions with various stakeholders throughout the entire assessment process in order to arrive at a consensus about the depth of evidence required for positive marketing authorization or reimbursement decisions. In light of the evolving "value-based healthcare" delivery practices, it is also recommended to account for social and ethical parameters of value, since these are anticipated to become as critical for reimbursement decisions and test acceptance as economic and clinical criteria.
Solution‐Processed Small Molecule‐Polymer Blend Organic Thin‐Film Transistors with Hole Mobility Greater than 5 cm<sup>2</sup>/Vs (2012)

Using phase-separated organic semiconducting blends containing a small molecule, as the hole transporting material, and a conjugated amorphous polymer, as the binder material, we demonstrate solution-processed organic thin-film transistors with superior performance characteristics that include; hole mobility >5 cm(2) /Vs, current on/off ratio ≥10(6) and narrow transistor parameter spread. These exceptional characteristics are attributed to the electronic properties of the binder polymer and the advantageous nanomorphology of the blend film.