gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Use of a rapid bioluminescence assay for detecting cyanobacterial microcystin toxicity (1990)

The recent rise in the awareness of the occurrence of toxic cyanobacterial blooms in aquatic environments, with associated human health problems and animal deaths, has increased the need for rapid, reliable and sensitive methods of determining cyanobacterial toxicity. A luminescent bacterial toxicity test was assessed as a complement to the established mouse bioassay. Seventeen samples including pure cyanobacterial microcystin-LR hepatotoxin, laboratory isolates and natural blooms of cyanobacteria were tested and toxicity data compared with mouse LD50 values. Microcystin-LR and all five microcystin-containing cyanobacterial samples, hepatotoxic by mouse test gave EC50 values of less than 0.46 mg/ml in bioluminescence-based Microtox assays. Of 11 samples non-toxic by mouse bioassay, only two gave an EC50 of less than 0.98 mg/ml by bioluminescence assay. It is suggested that the Microtox bioluminescence assay may prove useful in the preliminary screening of cyanobacterial blooms for microcystin-based toxicity.
Hydrolysis of palatinose by rat intestinal sucrase-isomaltase complex (1983)

ラット小腸粘膜からスクラーゼ・イソマルターゼ複合体を精製し, パラチノースの水解様式を検討した。1) パラチノースの水解能はスクラーゼ, イソマルターゼ複合体の精製に伴って増大した。2) スクラーゼ・イソマルターゼ複合体によって, パラチノースはイソマルトースと拮抗的に水解され。3) パラチノースの水解能は, イソマルターゼ活性と同様にacarboseによって阻害を受けなかった。それゆえ, パラチノースはスクラーゼ・イソマルターゼ複合体のイソマルターゼ活性部位によって水解されることが明らかにされた。
Arithmetic Algorithms for Error-Coded Operands (1973)

A set of arithmetic algorithms is described for operands that are encoded in the ``AN'' error-detecting code with the low-cost check modulus A = 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sup> - 1. The set includes addition additive inverse (complementation), multiplication, division, roundoff, and two auxiliary algorithms: ``multiply by 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sup> - 1,'' and ``divide by 2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">a</sup> - 1.'' The design of a serial radix-16 processor is presented in which these algorithms are implemented for the low-cost AN code with A = 15. This processor has been constructed for the Jet Propulsion Laboratory STAR computer. The adaptation of ``two's complement'' arithmetic for an inverse-residue code is also described.
Dabco as an Inexpensive and Highly Efficient Ligand for Palladium-Catalyzed Suzuki−Miyaura Cross-Coupling Reaction (2004)

An inexpensive and highly efficient Pd(OAc)(2)/Dabco catalytic system has been developed for the cross-coupling of aryl halides with arylboronic acids. A combination of Pd(OAc)(2) and Dabco (triethylenediamine) was observed to form an excellent catalyst, which affords high TONs (turnover numbers; TONs up to 950 000 for the reaction of PhI and p-chlorophenylboronic acid) for Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of various aryl iodides and bromides with arylboronic acids. [reaction: see text]
Germination properties as marker events characterizing later stages of Bacillus subtilis spore formation (1980)

At various stages during spore formation sporangia were shocked by cold treatment or with toluene, and the germination requirements of the prespores were examined. Up to 5 h after induction of sporulation (t5) germination was spontaneous; i.e., it occurred without any added germinants. After t5, during stages V and VI, the capacity for spontaneous germination diminished progressively, and the spores acquired a need for externally added germinants. At t6 this need was satisfied by either L-alanine or a mixture of KCl, glucose, and fructose. By t8, the latter response had disappeared. The spores germinated only with L-alanine, and the response was much slower. Experiments with chloramphenicol showed that the germination properties of the spores appearing between t6 and t8 were the expression of events in protein synthesis that had occurred before t5. Although the germination requirements developed at about the same time as heat resistance, they could be dissociated from heat resistance in wild-type and mutant cells. The germination properties of the developing spores are additional marker events characterizing the later stages of sporulation, as follows: (i) spontaneous germination (up to the end of stage IV); (ii) germination requirements that are satisfied by KCl-glucose-fructose or L-alanine (stage V); and (iii) slow germination response with L-alanine only (stage VI).
Efficient blue fluorescent organic light-emitting diodes based on novel 9,10-diphenyl-anthracene derivatives (2015)

Five novel 9,10-di(naphthalen-2-yl)anthracene (<bold>ADN</bold>) derivatives were synthesized and their EL properties were characterized. Among them, the <bold>OCADN</bold> based device exhibited high efficient sky-blue emission with CE of 2.25 cd A<sup>−1</sup>, PE of 1.13 lm W<sup>−1</sup>.
Near field focusing properties of an integrated retrodirective antenna (1999)

The near field behaviour of two different types of retrodirective antenna arrays are presented. For each type it is shown that retrodirective properties can be preserved well into the antenna array near field. To our knowledge for the first time it is shown that distortions arising in the radiation pattern of each array type primarily occurs due to the effect of the individual radiation pattern characteristics of the elements comprising the array and the different path loss from the excitation source to the MRCS (monostatic radar cross section measurement) receive element. In this paper theoretical results are compared with measured data. The results obtained have importance for wireless communication systems where mobility is important.
Model-Driven Comparison of State-Machine-Based and Deferred-Update Replication Schemes (2012)

In this paper, we analyze and experimentally compare state-machine-based and deferred-update (or transactional) replication, both relying on atomic broadcast. We define a model that describes the upper and lower bounds on the execution of concurrent requests by a service replicated using either scheme. The model is parametrized by the degree of parallelism in either scheme, the number of processor cores, and the type of requests. We analytically compared both schemes and a non-replicated service, considering a bcast- and request-execution-dominant workloads. To evaluate transactional replication experimentally, we developed Paxos STM---a novel fault-tolerant distributed software transactional memory with programming constructs for transaction creation, abort, and retry. For state-machine-based replication, we used JPaxos. Both systems share the same implementat ion of atomic broadcast based on the Paxos algorithm. We present the results of performance evaluation of both replication schemes, and a non-replicated (thus prone to failures) service, considering various workloads. The key result of our theoretical and experimental work is that neither system is superior in all cases. We discuss these results in the paper.
Diagnosis of individual Cylinder Misfires by Signature Analysis of Crankshaft Speed Fluctuations (1989)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the development of diagnostic algorithms for the detection of misfiring cylinders in an internal combustion engine. The algorithms are applied to a measurement of engine angular velocity obtained by means of an inexpensive nonconlacting sensor, and are broadly applicable to many classes of internal combustion engines, including spark and compression ignition engines.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">The computational efficiency of the algorithms is such that the onboard implementation of these diagnostic procedures is certainly feasible with currently employed microprocessors.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Experimental work conducted on production vehicles has confirmed that it is possible to apply these algorithms with minimal hardware and computational overhead.</div>
Review: <i>Those of the Forest</i>, by Wallace Byron Grange (1969)

Book Review| April 01 1969 Review: Those of the Forest, by Wallace Byron Grange Those of the ForestWallace Byron Grange D. W. D. W. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar The American Biology Teacher (1969) 31 (4): 266–267. https://doi.org/10.2307/4442538 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation D. W.; Review: Those of the Forest, by Wallace Byron Grange. The American Biology Teacher 1 April 1969; 31 (4): 266–267. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/4442538 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentThe American Biology Teacher Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1969 The National Association of Biology Teachers Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
A near-threshold, multi-node, wireless body area sensor network powered by RF energy harvesting (2012)

A wirelessly-powered, near-threshold, body area network SoC supporting synchronized multi-node TDMA operation is demonstrated in 65nm CMOS. A global clock source sent from a base-station wirelessly broadcasts at 434.16MHz to all sensor nodes, where each individual BAN sensor is phase-locked to the base-station clock using a super-harmonic injection-locked frequency divider. Each near-threshold SoC harvests energy from and phase locks to this broadcasted 434.16MHz waveform, eliminating the need for a battery. A Near-V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">T</sub> MICS-band OOK transmitter sends the synchronized local sensor data back to the base-station in its pre-defined TDMA slot. For an energy-harvested local V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">DD</sub> =0.56V, measurements demonstrate full functionality over 1.4m between the base-station and four worn sensors, including two that are NLOS. The sensitivity of the RF energy harvesting and the wireless clock synchronization are measured at -8dBm and -35dBm, respectively. ECG Lead-II/Lead-III waveforms are experimentally captured, demonstrating the end-to-end system application.
Human Cationic Amino Acid Transporters hCAT-1, hCAT-2A, and hCAT-2B:  Three Related Carriers with Distinct Transport Properties<sup>,</sup> (1997)

In this study, we aimed at analyzing the human homologues of the murine cationic amino acid transporters mCAT-1, mCAT-2A, and mCAT-2B. cDNAs encoding hCAT-1 had been previously reported by two independent groups [Albritton, L.M., et al. (1993) Genomics 12, 430; Yoshimoto, T., et al. (1991) Virology 185, 10]. We isolated cDNAs encoding hCAT-2A and hCAT-2B from a human liver cDNA library and from cDNA derived from the human hepatoma cell line HepG2, respectively. Analyses of the deduced amino acid sequences of both carriers demonstrated 90.9% identity with the respective murine proteins. In their functional domains (42 amino acids), both hCAT-2A and hCAT-2B differ only by one residue from the respective mouse proteins. Thus, CAT-2 proteins demonstrate a higher interspecies conservation than CAT-1 proteins that are overall 86.5% identical between mouse and human and differ by seven residues in the functional domain. The high degree of sequence conservation was reflected by the functional similarity of the human carriers with their mouse homologues. When expressed in Xenopus oocytes, hCAT-1 and hCAT-2B demonstrated transport properties consistent with y+. Unlike the mouse CAT-1 and CAT-2B, whose transport properties could hardly be distinguished, the transport properties of the human CAT-1 and CAT-2B isoforms showed clear differences: hCAT-1 had a 3-fold higher substrate affinity and was more sensitive to trans-stimulation than hCAT-2B. In contrast to the y+ carriers, hCAT-2A exhibited a 10-30-fold lower substrate affinity, a greater maximal velocity, and was much less sensitive to trans-stimulation at physiological substrate concentrations.
Infection of Swine with<i>Mycobacterium bovis</i>as a Model of Human Tuberculosis (1997)

Swine were infected with Mycobacterium bovis to develop a model for pulmonary and disseminated tuberculosis in humans. Pigs were inoculated with various doses of M. bovis by intravenous (i.v.), intratracheal (int), or tonsillar routes. Animals were euthanized between 17 and 60 days after inoculation, and tissues were collected for culture and histopathologic examination. Lesions of disseminated tuberculosis were found in pigs given 10(4) or 10(8) cfu of M. bovis i.v. or int; localized pulmonary disease was found in pigs given 10(2) or 10(3) cfu of M. bovis int. Lesions ranged from well-organized tubercles with coagulative necrosis, epithelioid macrophages, and fibrosis to large expansive tubercles with liquefactive necrosis and extracellular growth of M. bovis. Tuberculous meningitis was observed in animals given M. bovis i.v. Swine infected with M. bovis are a useful animal model for elucidating the mechanisms of pathogenesis and host defense to tuberculosis in humans.
Quality software solutions (1992)

Compliance with international standards is essential in competitive manufacturing environment. There is continuing emphasis on maintaining and improving quality to ensure business performance. The use of tools for automated collection, maintenance, and presentation of test and repair data can support and enhance existing quality systems. The author introduces quality issues and standards. He discusses the application of standards to the test area, and illustrates how the use of a Test Area Management System such as Marconi Instruments' i-Base can help support a company either to gain appropriate standards approval, or to maintain work practices that are in line with the various standards requirements.
Localization of Tonal Stimuli in the Vertical Plane (1968)

Listeners, when requested to judge the location of tone bursts on the vertical plane, tended to place the stimuli on a vertical scale in accordance with their respective pitch. Higher-pitched sounds were perceived as originating above lower-pitched sounds. This phenomenon was also observed in congenitally blind persons and in young children who presumably were unaware of the use of the words high and low in describing differently pitched sounds. In additional tests, visual cues were found to influence the range of the scale within which listeners perceived the sound sources and they could even bias the location judgments of high-pitched tone bursts despite contrary binaural cues. But the main implication of the data is that tonal stimuli have intrinsic spatial characteristics, which result in the perception of frequencies with shorter periods as being higher in space than those with longer periods.
KINETICS OF RELEASE OF CALCIUM AND FLUORIDE IONS FROM ION-EXCHANGE RESINS IN ARTIFICIAL SALIVA (2000)

ABSTRACT The paper reports the results obtained by studying the kinetics of release of anti-carious ions, such as Ca2+ and F−, from a carboxylic cation exchanger, Lewatit S8528, and a weak base resin, Lewatit MP62, and their binary mixtures of different compositions in contact with solution of artificial saliva. The release of ions from the resins was studied by using both the “shallow bed” and the “limited volume” techniques varying the granulometric composition of the resin fractions in the range of bead diameters from 0·42 to ≤ 0·050 mm. It has been shown that the kinetics of Ca2+ release is far slower than that of F− ions. The release of F− ions from the resin mixtures of different compositions is essentially not affected by the presence of the cation exchanger in the Ca-form in the mixture. An opposite situation is observed for the release of Ca2+ ions, which appears to be far slower in the presence of the anion exchanger in the F-form in the resin mixtures. The results obtained are explained by different diffusivities of the ions under study. The formation of a microcrystalline CaF2 layer on the surface of cation-exchanger beads has been shown to be responsible for the retardation of calcium ions release from the resin phase.
Paul C. Rosenbloom. The elements of mathematical logic. Dover Publications, Inc., New York, 1951, 6 + iv + 214 pp. (1953)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Some instrumental techniques for hostile environments (1984)

Metrology and process measurement sensors for use in the aggressive conditions within nuclear reactors in general, and within liquid-metal-cooled fast reactors in particular, are outlined. Materials and constructional techniques suitable for high temperatures are discussed. References are made to sensors for strain, displacement, pressure, temperature and flow measurement in the 300-600 degrees C range of ambients, more especially to less well known designs.
Novel method for fabrication of high-efficiency optics for short wavelength radiation (2006)

Extreme ultraviolet lithography (EUVL) is the most likely next generation lithography technique which uses radiation near 13.4 nm wavelength. At this short wavelength, most materials readily absorb the radiation, making refractive lens optical systems unusable. We demonstrate a novel method for fabrication of highly efficient optics for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) radiation using focused ion beam (FIB). These optics are based on Fresnel zone plates, similar to those used for x-ray microscopy, but with a geometry to improve the efficiency for EUV radiation. A typical zone plate has concentric rings with a radially decreasing feature size such that the path of light through every second zone to the focus differs by one optical wavelength following the Bragg's Law. An optic with a net efficiency of 21% can be achieved for 13.4 nm radiation using the standard zone plate design with 86 nm thick zones made from Mo and mounted on a 50 nm silicon nitride membrane. Further improvement in the efficiency can be achieved by fabricating blazed zone plates, which can have a net efficiency of 40% when fabricated on a 50 nm silicon nitride membrane. These lenses are cheap to manufacture and easy to align for imaging since it is a single optic. The preliminary data will be presented on the fabrication of both standard and blazed zone plates optimized for EUV radiation.
La(Sr)FeO <sub>3</sub> SOFC Cathodes with Marginal Copper Doping (2004)

(La 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.98 Fe 0.98 Cu 0.02 O 3−δ can be sintered directly onto YSZ (without the need for a protective ceria interlayer). Though subject to an extended “burn‐in” period (∼200 h), anode‐supported YSZ cells using the Cu‐doped LSF achieve power densities ranging from 1.3 to 1.7 W/cm 2 at 750°C and 0.7 V. These cells have also demonstrated 500 h of stable performance. The results are somewhat surprising given that XRD indicates an interaction between (La 0.8 Sr 0.2 ) 0.98 Fe 0.98 ‐Cu 0.02 O 3−δ and YSZ resulting in the formation of strontium zirconate and/or monoclinic zirconia. The amount and type of reaction product was found to be dependent on cathode and electrolyte powder precalcination temperatures.
Representation and use of knowledge in vision (1975)

This paper summarizes the present state of research in scene analysis. It identifies fundamental information processing principles relevant to representation and Use of knowledge in vision and traces limitations of existing progams to compromises of these principles necessitated by extant processors Some specific and general recommendations are offered regarding a productive course of research for the next decade.
A vertically integrated tool for automated design of ΣΔ modulators (1995)

We present a tool that starting from high-level specifications of switched-capacitor (SC) /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulators calculates optimum specifications for their building blocks and then optimum sizes for the block schematics. At both design levels, optimization is performed using statistical techniques to enable global design and innovative heuristics for increased computer efficiency as compared with conventional statistical optimization. The tool uses an equation-based approach at the modulator level, a simulation-based approach at the cell level, and incorporates an advanced /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ behavioral simulator for monitoring and design space exploration. We include measurements taken from two silicon prototypes: (1) a 16 b @ 16 kHz output rate second-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator; and (2) a 17 b @ 40 kHz output rate fourth-order /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ modulator. Both use SC fully differential circuits and were designed using the proposed tool and manufactured in a 1.2 /spl mu/m CMOS double-metal double-poly technology.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
TNF- α inhibitors (2007)

Tumor necrosis-alpha (TNF-alpha) has been implicated in many forms of inflammation and is an end-stage product of the inflammatory cytokine cascade. It is an inducer of inflammation and is involved in many cutaneous and systemic inflammatory diseases. The development of agents that block the effects of TNF-alpha has aided in the treatment of many of these diseases. This article will briefly discuss the production, structure, and administration of the TNF-alpha inhibitors. There will be a focus on the mechanism of action of each of the TNF-alpha inhibitors as well as their benefit in their FDA approved and non FDA approved dermatologic conditions. The side effect profile and monitoring recommendations for these agents will also be discussed.
Internal object loading for multiple cooperating robot manipulators (2003)

For an object being rigidly grasped and manipulated by multiple robotic mechanisms, the internal loading characteristics at a common coordinate set within the object are considered. It is demonstrated that representation of internal forces and moments in these common coordinates give insight into force and load distribution schemes developed previously. In particular, it is shown how internal loads may be created in some end-effector force distribution schemes even when no component in the null-space of the grasp matrix is included. It is further shown that a particular pseudoinverse of the grasp matrix, which can be shown to be consistent with the kinematic constraints, may be used to eliminate this situation. The case of a two-arm system is used to illustrate the concepts introduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
4D Bioprinting: Stereolithographic 4D Bioprinting of Multiresponsive Architectures for Neural Engineering (Adv. Biosys. 9/2018) (2018)

In article no. 1800101, Lijie Grace Zhang and co-workers present multiple responsive 4D printed architectures with great potential applications for neural tissue engineering. Even beyond the fourth dimension, the printed scaffolds exhibit additional reversible shape transformation and shape memory effects. By incorporating graphene, the smart nerve guidance conduit shows outstanding multifunctional characteristics including physical guidance, chemical cues, dynamic self-entubulation, and seamless integration.
Comments on "A Fast Recursive Algorithm to Calculate the Reliability of a Communication Network" (1975)

In the above paper, a procedure is described that determines the probability that all communication paths between two nodes in a network are interrupted. The problem is solved by recursively splitting the original problem into smaller subproblems. In this correspondence, we demonstrate that in certain classes of networks identical subproblems have to be solved several times. Thus the efficiency of the algorithm can be further improved by storing the subnetworks and the results of their evaluation.