gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Single and Multiphase Flow Characterization by Means of an Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Grid (2015)

This study introduces a new approach to characterize single and multiphase flow of water and air/water blends, respectively, by means of the utilization of optical fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs) arranged in a grid pattern. Here, the FBGs act as transducers between the force applied on the optical fiber surface by the liquid or air/liquid flow and the strain-induced Bragg wavelength shift. Since the force is proportional to the square of the velocity, associated to the kinetic energy, it is possible to establish a relationship between the Bragg wavelength shift and flow speed for single-phase flow monitoring. When multiphase flows are taken in consideration, a sudden Bragg wavelength shift represents an abrupt change in the force applied onto the fiber, which means a transition between liquid and air. It is hard to localize turbulences in single phase flow or establish the bubble position for multiphase flow from the response of a single FBG. Therefore, the sensors in this study have been arranged forming an 8 × 8 grid, with a total of 16 different FBGs multiplexed in wavelength. FBG grid enables the detection of turbulences or air bubbles within the pipe by means of an adequate aggregation and processing of the response of the FBGs at each crossing point, with a total of 64 crossings (12 crossings are out of the cylindrical shape pipe). Different flow speeds and void conditions with distinct void fractions and flow rates have been studied. The optical fiber sensors performance agreed with that of a wire-mesh system, which is conventionally used as a reference high performance measurement tool for multiphase flow. Results showed the great potential of this technique that reduces in more than a half the costs, complexity and size of actual devices used for the same purpose.
A High Power Doubler for 174 GHz Using a Planar Diode Array (1993)

A balanced doubler for 174 Gllz has been built using a planar array of four varactor diodes. The maximum output power is 55 mW, and this power is limited only by the available pump source. The peak efficiency is 25% at 150 mW input, with little saturation at higher power levels. Circuit parasitics due to the chip are not serious, and device heating is not predicted to be large at the present power levels. Higher efficiencies should be possible with minor improvements in the diode parameters.
Active Control of Wing Flutter Using Piezoactuated Surface (2007)

Flutter suppression concept is demonstrated by performin wind-tunnel tests in a low subsonic flow regime. The wing model, witha trailing edge control surface, is constructed to have a bending-torsion flutter. The control surface is actuated by a flexure-hinged lead zirconate titanate stack mechanism acting as an aerodynamic effector. The flutter experiments are conducted using a digital controller, implemented in dSPACE DS1104, keeping the wing model at 4 deg angle of attack. The wing response is measured by lead zirconate titanate sensors, which are used to generate the feedback control to vibrate the control surface in antiphase motion with respect to the main surface to introduce active aerodynamic control. It is noticed that both bending and torsion modes are stabilized in dosed-loop configurations. The damping trend of the flutter mode shows an expanded flutter envelope that is estimated to be around 20%. The actuators are operated within 1000 V/mm, though their allowable field13; strength is 1500 V/ mm.
Optically coupled probe for microwave near-field measurements (1984)

A probe capable of measuring both phase and magnitude of an RF field at frequencies up to 10 GHz is described. The probe is linked to its display unit by two optical fibres, thus eliminating field distortion effects that would occur if coaxial cables were used. Because of frequency limitations in optical-fibre components, the probe contains a frequency downconversion circuit powered by a small battery. This produces harmonics (up to the 1000th) of a 10 MHz reference oscillator; an appropriate harmonic produces a beat-frequency signal when mixed with the field signal sampled by a small dipole. The reference- and beat-frequency signals are sent down separate fibres to the display unit, where they are converted to phase and amplitude information
A new selenoprotein from human lung adenocarcinoma cells: purification, properties, and thioredoxin reductase activity. (1996)

We report the isolation and characterization of a new selenoprotein from a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line, NCI-H441. Cells were grown in RPMI-1640 medium containing 10% (vol/vol) fetal bovine serum and 0.1 microM [75Se]selenite. A 75Se-labeled protein was isolated from sonic extracts of the cells by chromatography on DE-23, phenyl-Sepharose, heparin-agarose, and butyl-Sepharose. The protein, a homodimer of 57-kDa subunits, was shown to contain selenium in the form of selenocysteine; hydrolysis of the protein alkylated with either iodoacetate or 3-bromopropionate yielded Se-carboxymethyl-selenocysteine or Se-carboxyethyl-selenocysteine, respectively. The selenoprotein showed two isoelectric points at pH 5.2 and pH 5.3. It was distinguished from selenoprotein P by N-glycosidase assay and by the periodate-dansylhydrazine test, which indicated no detectable amounts of glycosyl groups on the protein. The selenoprotein contains FAD as a prosthetic group and catalyzes NADPH-dependent reduction of 5,5'-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB), and reduction of insulin in the presence of thioredoxin (Trx). The specific activity was determined to be 31 units/mg by DTNB assay. Apparent Km values for DTNB, Escherichia coli Trx, and rat Trx were 116, 34, and 3.7 microM, respectively. DTNB reduction was inhibited by 0.2 mM arsenite. Although the subunit composition and catalytic properties are similar to those of mammalian thioredoxin reductase (TR), the human lung selenoprotein failed to react with anti-rat liver TR polyclonal antibody in immunoblot assays. The selenocysteine-containing TR from the adenocarcinoma cells may be a variant form distinct from rat liver TR.
Estimation Risk of Transformation-Averaged Estimators (2003)

Wavelet image denoising practice has shown that the performance of
simple estimators may be substantially improved by averaging these
estimators over a collection of transformations such as translations
or rotations. In this paper, we explain and quantify these empirical
findings using estimation theory. We consider a general nonlinear observation model, analyze the estimation risk of transformation-averaged estimators, and derive an upper bound on the risk reduction due to transformation averaging. The bound is evaluated for several estimators, using different averaging strategies (including a randomized strategy) and different wavelet bases. The practical usefulness of the bound is established for standard image denoising examples.
Combinational antitumor effect of siRNA against midkine and paclitaxel on growth of human prostate cancer xenografts (2006)

We established a novel and safe cancer therapy strategy involving midkine siRNA combined with PTX, with less adverse effects.
Negotiation in a multi-dimensional CBR system (2005)

Negotiation is a process of human communication, involving two parties, where each with his preconceived belief and objcctives, trying to reach a mutually satisfactory rcsult after exchanging and reconciling over matters. Negotiation can be computationally modeled using CBR techniques. The negotiators represent thcir negotiated terms as cascs, either as a flat case or multi-dimensional casc. We built the negotiation engine whkh performs negotiation on multi-dimcnsional case. This engine is built on Re-maker, a system which searches suitable partner by negotiating the differences in values specified by both negotiators. Episode stratcgy is the negotiation technique we adopt in our negotiation engine. The generic multi-dimensional CBR computation model for iterative matching in with negotiation is produced.
"Open-face" macrobicycles as tunable binucleating ligands. Design, synthesis and dicopper(II) complexes (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT"Open-face" macrobicycles as tunable binucleating ligands. Design, synthesis and dicopper(II) complexesAndrea E. Martin and John E. BulkowskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 5, 1434–1436Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00369a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00369a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views84Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
<i>n</i>-type doping of oxides by hydrogen (2002)

First-principles total-energy calculations suggest that interstitial hydrogen impurity forms a shallow donor in SnO2, CdO, and ZnO, but a deep donor in MgO. We generalize this result to other oxides by recognizing that there exist a “hydrogen pinning level” at about 3.0±0.4 eV below vacuum. Materials such as Ag2O, HgO, CuO, PbO, PtO, IrO2, RuO2, PbO2, TiO2, WO3, Bi2O3, Cr2O3, Fe2O3, Sb2O3, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, FeTiO3, and PbTiO3, whose conduction band minimum (CBM) lie below this level (i.e., electron affinity&gt;3.0±0.4 eV) will become conductive once hydrogen is incorporated into the lattice, without reducing the host. Conversely, materials such as BaO, NiO, SrO, HfO2, and Al2O3, whose CBM lie above this level (i.e., electron affinity&lt;3.0±0.4 eV) will remain nonconductive since hydrogen forms a deep impurity.
Omnidirectional vision system using two mirrors (1998)

Obtaining omnidirectional visual information for a study of mobile robots is important for understanding robot positioning. Usually, such vision systems use a fish-eye lens or a reflecting mirror (conical, spherical or hyperboloidal). A conventional system has a problem in that an unnecessary visual field occupies most of the image. The conventional one also has a problem where the camera image is blurred due to the physical property of the mirror and a clear image cannot be obtained, especially in a dark environment. In order to overcome these difficulties, we propose an omnidirectional vision system using two mirrors with a contrived curvature for obtaining a panoramic image. The vision system consists of two axisymmetric mirrors (like a reflecting telescope) and a CCD camera. Incident rays from 360 degree surroundings are reflected twice by a primary mirror and a secondary mirror, then enter the CCD camera. A theoretical consideration is made to estimate the degree of aberration for the reflecting optical system and it uses two mirrors with arbitrary curvatures. The design method is developed to minimize the aberration of the image after the reflections of the two mirrors. The vision system can realize a clear omnidirectional panoramic image with minimum blur. The optical characteristics of the design are evaluated and the results show the effectiveness of the proposed vision system.
A monolithic 2-20 GHz GaAs pin diode SP16T switch (2003)

A broadband, monolithic, single-pole, sixteen-throw (SP16T) switch has been fabricated using GaAs vertical PIN diodes. The SP16T switch features less than 4.5-dB insertion loss with greater than 35-dB isolation across the 2-20-GHz band. A novel de-embedding scheme used for switch characterization is also introduced.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Law Is Everywhere (2007)

War places great stress on society. It calls for major readjustments in government and in ordinary life. Often people are called on to make enormous sacrifices. In order to respond to these needs, codified law is often changed. The Executive promulgates new regulations and Congress enacts statutes to meet the exigencies of the war. The governing assumption of American society is that these war measures will be undertaken within the terms of the Constitution - that the allocation of powers among the branches set forth in the Constitution will be respected and basic liberties will be honored. Ours is a Constitution for times of war as well as times of peace.The last five years have confounded this assumption and rendered the example of Justice Aharon Barak especially compelling. He has honored the special security needs of Israel while being adamant in protecting Israel’s democratic character. The contrast with the American experience is stark, even when a principle as sacrosanct as the prohibition against torture is at stake. The war against terrorism seems to have absolved the current Administration from any sense of limits.
Iron Chelation by Chlorogenic Acid as a Natural Antioxidant (1998)

Chlorogenic acid, a dietary antioxidant, effectively inhibited the iron-induced lipid peroxidation of bovine liver microsomes in a concentration-dependent manner. In the Fenton-type reaction, chlorogenic acid inhibited the production of the hydroxyl radical by iron-EDTA or iron-ADP, while iron plus chlorogenic acid did not generate the hydroxyl radical. The formation of an iron complex with chlorogenic acid was demonstrated by UV/vis absorbance spectroscopic, ESR and 1H-NMR studies. The ferric complex with chlorogenic acid was in the ferric high-spin state near rhombicity, and had no radical scavenging activity. The results indicate that chlorogenic acid prevented the formation of the hydroxyl radical by forming a chelate with iron whose complex cannot catalyze the Fenton-type reaction.
A Unified Method to Handle Different Kinds of Placement Constraints in Floorplan Design (2002)

In floorplan design, it is common that a designer will want to control the positions of some modules in final packing for various purposes such as data path alignment, I/O connection, etc.. There are several previous works (Young and Wong, 1998 and 1999; Young et al, 1999; Murata et al, 1997; Chang et al, 2000) focusing on a few particular kinds of placement constraint. In this paper, we present the first unified to handle all of them simultaneously, including pre-placed constraint, range constraint, boundary constraint, alignment, abutment and clustering, etc., in general nonslicing floorplans. We have used incremental updates and an interesting reduced graphs idea to improve the runtime of the algorithm. We tested our method using some benchmark data with about one eighth of the modules having placement constraints and the results are very promising. Good packing with all the constraints satisfied can be obtained efficiently.
Selective Sensing of Metalloproteins from Nonselective Binding Using a Fluorogenic Amphiphilic Polymer (2006)

Nonconjugated fluorogenic amphiphilic polymers containing an anthracene chromophore exhibit fluorescence quenching in the presence of metalloproteins, although the binding of the polymer to proteins is not selective. The reason for this difference is that the possible conformational changes that protein binding could bring about on a polymer do not affect the fluorescence properties of a pendent chromophore in nonconjugated polymers. This is in contrast to the nonspecific binding and response found with conjugated polymers to proteins.
Coordinating multi‐level cognitive assistance and incorporating dynamic confidence information in driver‐vehicle interfaces (2012)

Abstract Automation technologies have now been widely introduced into many aspects of human–machine collaboration. Most automated systems, however, are still far from perfect in performing assistive duties for their operators. This situation can lead to chaotic assistance, which can easily cause cognitive confusion and performance degradation among operators. This article discusses how to coordinate multiple types of assistance that have different levels of cognitive intrusiveness. To improve the cognitive adaptability of operators, dynamic confidence information is presented on the interactive interface to indicate the likelihood of the correctness of such assistance. Multiple types of assistance are then presented at different moments to match human‐cognitive‐processing stages and eventually to attain a coordinated status. In a car‐following driving experiment, the drivers' responses to multiple types of assistance with dynamic confidence information were investigated. The coordinated assistance successfully enhanced the drivers' driving performance and the human–machine relationship. This method can be further generalized to improve human–machine collaboration in many industrial automation systems that still require human operators. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cooperation between staphylococcal enterotoxin B and low dose melphalan in the cure of mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor and extensive metastases. (1994)

We have recently demonstrated the importance of V beta 8+/CD8+ cells for the curative effectiveness of a suboptimal low dose (0.75 mg/kg) of melphalan (L-phenylalanine mustard; L-PAM) for mice bearing a large s.c. MOPC-315 tumor and extensive metastases. Here we show that staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB), which is known to selectively stimulate T cells expressing members of the TCR-V beta 8 gene family, substantially improved the curative effectiveness of the suboptimal dose of L-PAM for mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor. Moreover, treatment of mice with mAb F23.1 (anti-V beta 8) abrogated the in vivo therapeutic effect of SEB for low dose L-PAM-treated MOPC-315 tumor bearers (L-PAM TuB mice). Analysis of the effect of SEB on the tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) demonstrated that the SEB-mediated therapeutic effect was associated with a significant increase in: 1) the percentage of V beta 8+ cells among the CD8+ T cells that accumulated in the s.c. tumor nodules, 2) the total number of V beta 8+/CD8+ cells present per tumor on day 4 after low dose L-PAM therapy, and 3) the ability of the TILs to lyse MOPC-315 tumor cells in vitro in a short term assay. Furthermore, treatment of mice with mAb F23.1 abolished the ability of SEB to render the TIL population of L-PAM TuB mice more cytotoxic in vitro for MOPC-315 tumor cells. Thus, the SEB-mediated improvement in the therapeutic outcome of low dose L-PAM therapy for mice bearing a large MOPC-315 tumor may be due in part to SEB-mediated increase in the contribution of the V beta 8+ T cells to tumor eradication through enhancement in the magnitude of the anti-MOPC-315 lytic activity exhibited by the TIL population.
One Health: coronavirus (2020)

Abstract Members of two of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association's advisory committees offered guidance on reducing the potential for coronavirus transmission within veterinary practices in a webinar for colleagues across the globe on 15 September. One of the messages ringing loud and clear was that veterinary practice managers must prepare for the possibility of a second – and even a third – lockdown period and minimize the risk to the health of their staff, clients and business. John Bonner reports…
Trockenschrankverfahren, Infrarot- und Mikrowellentrocknung als Referenzverfahren zur Bestimmung der Materialfeuchte / Drying Oven Method, Infrared- and Microwave Drying as Reference Methods for Determination of Material Moisture (1999)

Article Trockenschrankverfahren, Infrarot- und Mikrowellentrocknung als Referenzverfahren zur Bestimmung der Materialfeuchte / Drying Oven Method, Infrared- and Microwave Drying as Reference Methods for Determination of Material Moisture was published on June 1, 1999 in the journal tm - Technisches Messen (volume 66, issue 6).
Morphological evolution and strain relaxation of Ge islands grown on chemically oxidized Si(100) by molecular-beam epitaxy (2005)

We have previously demonstrated that high-quality Ge can be grown on Si by the touchdown process, where chemically oxidized Si is exposed to a Ge molecular beam. The causes of strain relaxation in the Ge epilayer were also proposed and discussed. Herein, we present a detailed analysis on the morphological evolution and strain relaxation of nanoscale Ge islands on SiO2-covered Si in order to identify the mechanisms by which the high-quality epilayer forms. During the touchdown, the Ge seeds are anchored to the underlying Si. This immobility of Ge islands gives rise to a unique bimodal size distribution during coarsening. Three events are observed during coalescence: (1) merging of two small (&lt;10nm) islands largely driven by surface diffusion, (2) merging of a small island and a big island (∼50nm), and (3) merging of two big islands. The coalescence of two small islands is characterized by the formation of twins or stacking faults at the two merging fronts. In contrast, no stacking fault or grain boundary results from the coalescence of large islands, indicating that their coalescence is favorable in achieving high-crystalline quality. For the Ge epilayer, the compressive strain exists mostly within 2nm from the heterojunction, resulting in a fully relaxed Ge epilayer. We attribute the relaxation to three mechanisms: (1) the strain at the junction pad decays below the critical limit within 2nm, a scale exactly comparable with the dimension of individual Ge–Si junction; (2) the remaining SiO2 serves as artificially introduced 60° dislocations; and (3) the intermixing between Ge and Si at the heterojunction reduces the effective lattice mismatch.