gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Photocontrolled Molecular Structural Transition and Doping in Graphene (2012)

We studied chemical doping of trans- and cis-azobenzene on graphene by Raman spectroscopy. It was found that the molecule induces hole-doping in graphene through charge transfer. Moreover, the doping level in graphene can be reversibly modulated by a photocontrolled molecular conformation change. As trans-azobenzene isomerizes to the cis configuration under UV irradiation, we probe the dynamic molecular structural evolution of azobenzene on graphene by Raman spectroscopy. Raman analysis indicates the precise orientation of cis-azobenzene on the graphene surface, which brings us further comprehension of the effect of conformation change on the electronic properties of graphene. In particular, the substantial decreases of the doping level and chemical enhancement of the molecular signal are attributed to the weakening of hole transfer from molecule to graphene, owing to the lifting of the electron-withdrawing group away from the graphene. Moreover, the calculation results exhibit the favorable configuration of cis-azobenzene, which is in good agreement with Raman spectroscopic analysis. Our results highlight an approach for employing graphene as a promising platform for probing molecular conformation transition at the submolecular level by Raman spectroscopy.
Nucleotide Sequence of a cDNA for a Water Channel Protein (Aquaporin) Homolog from Atriplex canescens (Pursh.) Nutt (1995)

A number of putative aquaporins, water channel proteins related to the lens MIP (Gorin et al., 1984), have now been isolated (Chrispeels and Agre, 1994). Various isoforms may be involved in mediating the passage of water across the membrane (Chasan, 1992; Preston et al., 1992; Chrispeels and Agre, 1994). Assembling a more comprehensive list of sequences may assist in identifying features that may then be correlated to physiological and biochemical activities. Most molecular work on plant stress has been carried out with glycophytes; however, halophytes may possess nove1 variations on established themes that are responsible for their success in extreme climates. Here, we report the cloning and sequencing of an Atviplex cDNA that is homologous to a pea MIP protein (Table
Laser projectors benefit turbine blade manufacture (2011)

Using the experience it has gained from the aviation industry, LAP GmbH Laser Applikationen is now helping wind turbine blade manufacturers to improve accuracy and reduce costs. Axel Rieckmann, sales manager industry at LAP, explains the use of the company's laser projection equipment, which Germanischer Lloyd has certified for use in the production of turbine blades.
Stochastic versions of the em algorithm: an experimental study in the mixture case (1996)

We compare three different stochastic versions of the EM algorithm: The Stochastic EM algorithm (SEM), the “Simulated Annealing” EM algorithm (SAEM) and the Monte Carlo EM algorithm (MCEM). We focus particularly on the mixture of distributions problem. In this context, we investigate the practical behaviour of these algorithms through intensive Monte Carlo numerical simulations and a real data study. We show that, for some particular mixture situations, the SEM algorithm is almost always preferable to the EM and “simulated annealing” versions SAEM and MCEM. For some severely overlapping mixtures, however, none of these algorithms can be confidently used. Then, SEM can be used as an efficient data exploratory tool for locating significant maxima of the likelihood function. In the real data case, we show that the SEM stationary distribution provides a contrasted view of the loglikelihood by emphasizing sensible maxima.
Thermal response of a laser-irradiated metal slab (1988)

The analytical solution of temperature profiles in complex laser-heated structures is only possible for a few simple cases. This is partly due to the nature of heat-source terms that preclude the use of conventional series-type solutions. In this study we utilize a Laplace-transform method in conjunction with Fourier integrals to obtain solutions for the temperature profiles in a laser-irradiated rare-earth–transition-metal slab. The results provide a convenient qualitative tool to study the thermal response of laser-irradiated solids.
Enzymological characterization of DNA polymerase alpha. Basic catalytic properties processivity, and gap utilization of the homogeneous enzyme from human KB cells. (1979)

This report describes the results of our initial enzymological characterization of a homogeneous preparation of DNA polymerase alpha that we have purified from cultured human KB cells. Although the enzyme is most reactive with duplex DNA substrates that contain short gaps (optimally activated) in incubations that require Mg2+, the polymerase possesses the intrinsic capacity to copy the initiated ribohomopolymer template, (A)-n, (dT)-200, at low rates in the presence of Mn2+. Because of the preponderance of DNA polymerase alpha in actively multiplying vertebrate cells, it is probable that this low level of activity comprises the majority of the ribopolymer copying activity that can be detected in crude tissue extracts. The presence of contaminating or associated deoxyribonuclease activities can be excluded from the purified enzyme to levels of 10(-4) to 10(-7) of the polymerase activity. The mechanism of polymerization on activated DNA under optimum conditions is moderately processive, with 11 +/- 5 nucleotides incorporated per polymerization cycle. The polymerase is unable to work at nicks or at short gaps of approximately 20 to 30 nucleotides in length, and it measures a surprisingly invariant effective template length on optimally activated DNA and on DNA molecules that have been gapped to varying extents with Escherichia coli exonuclease III. In the "Appendix" we present an amplification of the theoretical formulation of Bambara et al. (Bambara, R. A., Uyemura, D., and Choi, T. (1978) J. Biol. Chem. 253, 413--423) that permits the use of DNA polymerases with significant associated 3' leads to 5'-exonuclease activities for the accurate measurement of average template lengths (gap sizes) and titration of usable 3'-hydroxyl primer termini in gapped, duplex DNA substrates.
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra of Activated Carbons (1982)

Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was applied to the study of the chemical surface structures of activated carbons and the carbons oxidized with air (400°C, 3hr) and nitric acid (3N HNO3, 100°C, 2hr).A FT-IR instrument used in this study is Digilab FTS-20C/D.KBr pellets of the carbons were prepared at a concentration of about 0.1 wt% and dried at 65°C for 3hr in vacuo.IR spectra were obtained by accumulating 800 scans (interferograms) at a resolution of 4 cm-1.The activated carbon prepared from wood by ZnCl2 activation method gave the aliphatic (alicyclic) C-H bands at 2960, 2920, 2860, 1450 and 1380 cm-1, the aromatic C-H bands at 3060, 870, 820 and 760 cm-1, the aromatic nucleus band at 1590 cm-1, and the carboxyl group bands at 1710 and 1260 cm-1.When the carbon was treated with KOH or Ca (OH) 2 aqueous solution, the band at 1710 cm-1 disappeared and the new band at 1400 cm-1 appeared, demonstrating that a carboxyl group (COOH) was converted into an ionized carboxyl group (COO-).It is, therefore, clear that carboxyl groups are present on activated carbon as surface acidic oxides.The activated carbons prepared from wood, coconut shell and coal by a steam activation method gave the aromatic nucleus band at 1590 cm-1 and the carboxyl group band at 1710 cm-1.The hydrogen contents of these carbons are so small that the absorption bands due to C-H bonds scarcely appeared.The band intensity at 1710 cm-1 was increased by oxidation of the carbon with air or nitric acid, indicating that the carboxyl groups were formed on the carbon by oxidation.It was very difficult in the past to obtain the IR spectra of activated carbons.The high resolution IR spectra of activated carbons were obtained by the use of FT-IR as shown in this paper.FT-IR is considered to be a very useful technique in the studies of chemical structures of carbons.
Application of CdTe for the NeXT Mission (2005)

Cadmium telluride (CdTe) and cadmium zinc telluride (CdZnTe) have been regarded as promising semiconductor materials for hard X-ray and {gamma}-ray detection. The high atomic number of the materials (Z{sub Cd} = 48, Z{sub Te} = 52) gives a high quantum efficiency in comparison with Si. The large band-gap energy (Eg = 1.5 eV) allows to operate the detector at room temperature. Based on recent achievements in high-resolution CdTe detectors, in the technology of ASICs and in bump-bonding, we have proposed the novel hard X-ray and {gamma}-ray detectors for the NeXT mission in Japan. The high-energy response of the super mirror onboard NeXT will enable us to perform the first sensitive imaging observations up to 80 keV. The focal plane detector, which combines a fully depleted X-ray CCD and a pixellated CdTe detector, will provide spectra and images in the wide energy range from 0.5 keV to 80 keV. In the soft gamma-ray band up to {approx} 1 MeV, a narrow field-of-view Compton {gamma}-ray telescope utilizing several tens of layers of thin Si or CdTe detector will provide precise spectra with much higher sensitivity than present instruments. The continuum sensitivity will reach several x 10{sup -8} photons/s/keV/cm{sup 2} in the hard X-ray region and a few x 10{sup -7} photons/s/keV/cm{sup 2} in the soft {gamma}-ray region.
Room for Me (2000)

This collection of interwoven short stories revolves around a small Southern women's college and its inhabitants. Written in first-person from various perspectives, the stories combine, much like Sherwood Anderson's Winesburg, Ohio, to create a final cohesive work that is not quite a novel. Main characters include the gentle, introspective teenage son of a faculty member, the garrulous student with whom he is enamored, and her skeptic of a half-sister. One parallel narrative involves a search for self and story through music and musicians, the other via a campus ghost. The focus, as with Eudora Welty's Delta Wedding, is character-driven rather than plot-based. Shared experiences--an ice storm, a betrayal by college trustees--are viewed through multiple characters, leading to a decision each, though searching for connection, must make alone.
Theoretical Considerations on Bragg-case Diffraction of X-rays at a Small Glancing Angle (1971)

X-ray diffraction phenomenon, for which the glancing angle of the incident beam is so small that the effect of specular reflection can not be neglected, is studied theoretically. Two wave fields, one of which is usually neglected, are considered as the solution of the dispersion equation, and the boundary conditions of the waves are considered for the gradient of amplitude normal to the surface besides the amplitude. Numerical calculations are made for (220) reflection of CuK α1 from a germanium single crystal. The diffracted beam is stronger in intensity and broader in half-value width than that where specular reflection is not considered.
Altered Placental Function of 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase 2 Knockout Mice (2008)

Fetal glucocorticoid exposure is a key mechanism proposed to underlie prenatal "programming" of adult cardiometabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders. Regulation of fetal glucocorticoid exposure is achieved by the placental glucocorticoid "barrier," which involves glucocorticoid inactivation within the labyrinth zone of the murine placenta by 11beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2 (11beta-HSD2). Thus, the absence of placental 11beta-HSD2 may impact on fetal and placental development. The current study investigated transport of amino acids and glucose, key factors required for fetal growth, and vascular development in placentas from 11beta-HSD2(+/+), (+/-), and (-/-) fetuses derived from 11beta-HSD2(+/-) matings. At embryonic d 15 (E15) (term = E19), 11beta-HSD2(-/-) fetal weight was maintained in comparison to 11beta-HSD2(+/+) fetuses. The maintenance of 11beta-HSD2(-/-) fetal weight occurred despite a reduction in placental weight, suggesting that compensatory changes occur in the placenta to maintain function. However, by E18, 11beta-HSD2(-/-) fetal and placental weights were both reduced. Transport studies revealed up-regulation of placental amino acid transport to 11beta-HSD2(-/-) offspring at E15, coinciding with an increase in the expression of the amino acid transporters. Furthermore, at E18, placental glucose transport to 11beta-HSD2(-/-) offspring was markedly reduced, correlating with lower fetal weight and a decrease in glucose transporter 3 expression. Stereological analyses of the labyrinth zone of the placenta revealed that the reduction in placental weight at E18 was associated with restriction of the normal increase in fetal vessel density over the final third of pregnancy. Our data suggest that restriction of fetal growth in 11beta-HSD2(-/-) mice is mediated, at least in part, via altered placental transport of nutrients and reduction in placental vascularization.
Association between the pH-dependent Conformational Change of West Nile Flavivirus E Protein and Virus-mediated Membrane Fusion (1988)

The major envelope protein (E) of West Nile virus mediates fusion between the membranes of the viral envelope and the target cell at optimum pH values of just below neutrality. The fusion is critical for the entry mechanism, allowing virus to escape from the acidic endosomal compartment. To define the role of the viral E protein in the fusion reaction, the conformational change in E and concomitant change of viral infectivity were studied quantitatively, using protease digestion of the E protein and assay of viral infectivity. The results showed that the conformational change occurred in a pH-dependent manner with an upper threshold of pH 7.0 and maximum conversion occurring at pH 6.4 and below. The conversion was rapid and reached a half-maximal value within 15 s after acidification. The exposure of free or cell-bound virions to acid pH resulted in the loss of infectivity in an almost identical pH-dependent manner. Based on these findings, it is suggested that there are two distinct viral modes of entry into macrophages, i.e. infectious endocytosis and non-infectious viral fusion with plasma membranes, with the pH of the extracellular medium determining which of these predominates. The implications of these observations for the role of the E protein in membrane fusion and the probable localization of fusion epitopes are discussed.
Infrared Absorption Spectrum of Brushite from First Principles (2014)

Brushite, CaHPO4·2H2O, is a crystalline hydrated acidic form of calcium phosphate that occurs in both physiological and pathological biomineralization processes. Additionally, it is biocompatible in humans. Several groups have investigated the experimental Fourier transform infrared vibrational spectrum of brushite. These investigations have led to a long-standing debate concerning the correct assignment for a few of the observed frequencies, particularly, the water stretching and libration modes. Here, we perform a comprehensive first principles theoretical investigation of the vibrational spectrum of brushite with calculations based on dispersion-corrected density functional theory. We obtain both the vibrational frequencies, using the frozen phonon approach, and their corresponding peak intensities, based on the Born effective charge tensor. This allows for an unambiguous assignment of all vibrations, including water vibration and libration modes.
Box-ball systems and Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence (2001)

The box-ball system is studied from the viewpoint of combinatorics of words and tableaux. Each state of the box-ball system can be transformed into a pair of tableaux $(P,Q)$ by the Robinson-Schensted-Knuth correspondence. In the language of tableaux, the $P$-symbol gives rise to a conserved quantity of the box-ball system, and the $Q$-symbol evolves independently of the $P$-symbol. The time evolution of the $Q$-symbol is described explicitly in terms of the box-labels.
Intersymbol Decorrelating Detector for Asynchronous CDMA Networks with Multipath (2005)

Most reported multiuser detection techniques for CDMA systems need the channel estimation including the delay spread and the parameters of the multipath channel of the desired user. This paper proposes an intersymbol decorrelating detector that makes use of the cross-correlation matrix constructed by the consecutively received symbols. The proposed detector is attractive for its simplicity because no channel estimation is required except for the synchronization of the desired user. Compared with other reported multiuser detectors, simulation results show that the proposed detector provides a good performance when the active users have significant intersymbol interference.
Hemi-cube algorithm and its application to thermal analysis of crystal growth furnace (1998)

View factor determination is very important in thermal analysis problems with surface radiation but it is very difficult to determine view factors for complex geometries. Exact calculation of view factors for crystal growth furnace is essential due to not only its high surface temperature but the radiation shield, complicated heating system. In this study, view factor calculation algorithm is introduced and applied to cylindrical crystal growth furnace. This algorithm is based on the Hemi-Cube Algorithm and the results obtained with this algorithm show good agreements with those of analytical solution. As an application of this algorithm, temperature profiles and heating value distributions for various furnaces are calculated and the shape criteria for better furnace are suggested.
A “Rearrangement Procedure” For Scoring Adaptive Tests with Review Options (2007)

Because of the increased popularity of computerized adaptive testing (CAT), many admissions tests, as well as certification and licensure examinations, have been transformed from their paper-and-pencil versions to computerized adaptive versions. A major difference between paper-and-pencil tests and CAT from an examinee's point of view is that in many cases examinees are not allowed to revise their answers on CAT. Examinees prefer item review since they can correct misread or miskeyed items, while some researchers are afraid that examinees might try to use item review to cheat on the test. The purpose of this study was to test the efficiency of a rearrangement procedure that rearranged and skipped certain items to better estimate the examinees' abilities, without allowing them to cheat on the test. This was examined through a simulation study. The results showed that the rearrangement procedure was effective in reducing the bias of the ability estimates. The reliability slightly decreased after the procedure, but this decrease was negligible.
Microsoft® SharePoint® Administrator's Kit: Microsoft® SharePoint® 2010 Administrator’s Pocket Consultant & Microsoft® SharePoint® 2010 Administrator’s Companion (2011)

Get the critical, in-depth information you need to administer SharePoint 2010. Led by SharePoint MVPs and featuring insights from the SharePoint community and members of the SharePoint Team at Microsoft, you'll discover how to plan, design, deploy, and manage strategic solutions using SharePoint 2010, Microsoft SQL Server, Windows PowerShell, and other key technologies. The two books included in this kit are:9780735627222 SharePoint 2010 Administrators Pocket Consultant 9780735627208 SharePoint 2010 Administrators Companion
SVM classification: Optimization with the SMOTE algorithm for the class imbalance problem (2017)

In this paper a new approach to selection of the optimal parameters values for the SMOTE (Synthetic Minority Over-sampling Technique) algorithm in the problem of the SVM (Support Vector Machine) classification of imbalanced datasets has been suggested. This approach allows reducing the time expenditures for the search of the optimum parameters values of the SMOTE algorithm. The experimental results show that the offered approach allows increasing the classification quality of the SVM classifier.
Thiazolidinedione Use and the Longitudinal Risk of Fractures in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (2010)

TZD use was associated with an increased risk for fractures in women, particularly at ages above 65 yr. Clinicians should be aware of this association when considering TZD therapy so as to appropriately manage and counsel their patients.
Optimization of circuit trajectories: an auxiliary network approach (2006)

On optimizing circuit trajectories, i.e. continuous paths of circuit parameters, the paper presents an auxiliary network approach, which utilizes Pontryagin's minimum principle. Based on a set of circuit element correspondence rules, the introduced approach establishes an auxiliary network for a given circuit to be optimized, and then circuit trajectories are optimized in a process of simulating the given circuit and the auxiliary network. The auxiliary network approach facilitates establishing analytic models in designing high-performance circuits that require fine tuning circuit trajectories. The paper details the theoretical framework of auxiliary network, and provides practical examples of its application in adiabatic circuit design.
Error compensation and feedforward controller design for a 6-dof micro-positioning platform (2005)

In this article, hysteresis controller design and static error compensation method for a 6-dof micro-positioning platform driven by piezoelectric actuator is studied. The nonlinear hysteresis effect of the piezoelectric actuator is analyzed by means of Preisach model. Its inverse model is used as the feedforward controller. Error compensation method is designed to compensate the manufacture error and assembly error by use of the developed 3-points-3-axes measurement method. From practical experiment, the proposed method makes improvement on the accuracy of positioning.
A Role of Ventral Tegmental Area Glutamate in Contextual Cue-Induced Relapse to Heroin Seeking (2004)

The environmental context previously associated with opiate use plays an important role in human relapse, but the neuronal mechanisms involved in context-induced drug relapse are not known. Using a rat relapse model, we determined the effect of a group II metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist [LY379268 ((-)-2-oxa-4-aminobicylco hexane-4,6-dicarboxylic acid)] on contextual cue-induced reinstatement of heroin seeking. LY379268, which acts centrally to reduce evoked glutamate release, was injected systemically or directly into the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a brain area involved in opiate reward and conditioned drug effects. Rats were trained to self-administer intravenous heroin for 12 d; drug infusions were paired with a discrete tone-light cue. Subsequently, lever pressing was extinguished in the presence of the discrete cue in a context that differed from the drug self-administration context in terms of visual, auditory, tactile, and circadian cues. After extinction of lever responding, LY379268 was injected systemically or into the VTA, and nonreinforced responding was determined in the extinction context or the drug context. Exposure to the heroin-associated context induced robust reinstatement of drug seeking, and this effect was attenuated by systemic or intra-VTA injections of LY379268. Results indicate that glutamate transmission in the VTA plays an important role in contextual cue-induced relapse to heroin seeking.