gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Toward Optimal FPGA Implementation of Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Handwritten Hangul Character Recognition (2018)

Deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) is an advanced technology in image recognition. Because of extreme computing resource requirements, DCNN implementation with software alone cannot achieve real-time requirement. Therefore, the need to implement DCNN accelerator hardware is increasing. In this paper, we present a field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based hardware accelerator design of DCNN targeting handwritten Hangul character recognition application. Also, we present design optimization techniques in SDAccel environments for searching the optimal FPGA design space. The techniques we used include memory access optimization and computing unit parallelism, and data conversion. We achieved about 11.19 ms recognition time per character with Xilinx FPGA accelerator. Our design optimization was performed with Xilinx HLS and SDAccel environment targeting Kintex XCKU115 FPGA from Xilinx. Our design outperforms CPU in terms of energy efficiency (the number of samples per unit energy) by 5.88 times, and GPGPU in terms of energy efficiency by 5 times. We expect the research results will be an alternative to GPGPU solution for real-time applications, especially in data centers or server farms where energy consumption is a critical problem.
Kinetics of PEEK sulfonation in concentrated sulfuric acid (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of PEEK sulfonation in concentrated sulfuric acidNobuhiro Shibuya and Roger S. PorterCite this: Macromolecules 1992, 25, 24, 6495–6499Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00050a017https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00050a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1633Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Porous carbon-based materials for hydrogen storage: advancement and challenges (2013)

The development of highly efficient hydrogen storage materials is one of the main challenges that must be tackled in a widely expected hydrogen economy. Physisorption in porous materials with high surface areas and chemisorption in hydrides are the two main options for solid state hydrogen storage, and both options possess their inherent advantages and drawbacks. In this work, recent progress towards porous carbon-based materials for hydrogen storage is analyzed and reviewed. The hydrogen storage performance of plain porous carbons, metal-supported porous carbons and porous carbons confined hydrides is summarized. Some strategies for effectively controlling the hydrogen storage capacity and tuning the hydrogen adsorption enthalpy for porous carbon materials via appropriate manipulation of surface area, pore volume and pore size are discussed in detail. The new development of porous carbon-based materials for hydrogen storage is particularly emphasized.
Quantifying decoupling capacitor location (2002)

The decoupling capacitor location in DC power bus design is a critical design choice for which proven guidelines are not well established. The mutual inductance between two closely spaced vias can have a great impact on the coupling between an IC and a decoupling capacitor. This coupling is a function of the spacing between the IC and capacitor, and spacing between power and ground layers. The impact of the mutual inductance on decoupling, i.e., local versus global decoupling, was studied, using a circuit extraction approach based on a mixed-potential integral equation. Modeling indicates that local decoupling has benefits over global decoupling for certain ranges of IC/capacitor spacing and power layer thickness. Design curves for evaluating local decoupling benefits were generated, which can be used to guide surface mount technology (SMT) decoupling capacitor placement.
Temperature-Dependent Radiative Recombination Mechanisms in GaP (Zn,O) and GaP (Cd,O) (1968)

Henry et al. have shown that the low-temperature red luminescence in both GaP(Zn,O) and GaP(Cd,O) is composed of a bound-exciton band overlapped at lower energies by a new type of long-lived pair band. This paper describes a study of the temperature dependence of the spectral positions and time-decay characteristics of these red bands. The samples were excited with electrons from a pulsed accelerator, and the bands were studied by time-resolved spectroscopy in the range 1.7-300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At low temperatures the intensity ratio of the pair and bound-exciton bands is dependent upon sample preparation and excitation intensity. Regardless of the initial value of the ratio, the exciton emission becomes dominant in a transitional temperature range between 60 and 120\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At room temperature the emission is almost entirely excitonic. The accompanying large changes in the spectral and time-decay characteristics are semiquantitatively explained by a theory based on the assumption of thermal equilibrium of holes amongst the exciton-hole, acceptor, and valence-band states. Luminescence excitation measurements in GaP(Zn,O) were used to estimate the concentrations of Zn-O complexes which were correlated with relative luminescence efficiencies and melt compositions.
The amphipathic alpha helices of the Toxoplasma protein GRA2 mediate postsecretory membrane association (1998)

The Toxoplasma gondii protein GRA2 is secreted into the parasite-containing vacuole where it is rapidly and specifically targeted to a network of membranous tubules that connect with the vacuolar membrane. To examine the molecular basis of this association, we expressed an HA9 epitope-tagged form of GRA2 by stable transformation of Toxoplasma. GRA2-HA9 was correctly packaged inside the dense granules, secreted into the PV and targeted to the network, as shown by immunoelectron microscopy, immunofluorescence and cell fractionation. Expression of deletion mutants of GRA2-HA9 lacking either of two amphipathic alpha helices resulted in the production and secretion of soluble proteins which were unable to stably associate with the network. A mutant in which the amino acids of the first alpha helix were rearranged to a non-amphipathic pattern localized correctly to the network but failed to remained stably associated with the membrane. Collectively, these results demonstrate that targeting and membrane association occur by separate mechanisms and that the combination of both alpha helices is essential for stable localization of GRA2 to the network.
Mechanical properties of particulate filled polymers (1987)

Abstract The mechanical properties of several types of inorganic fillers were investigated in a number of different thermoplastic polymers. The fillers included minerals, such as talc and silicon carbide, and metals, such as aluminum flake and stainless steel fibers. The polymers included General Electric's Noryl, acrylonitrile‐butadiene‐styrene terpolymer, polypropylene, and modified polypropylene. The talc and some of the aluminum flake were treated with coupling agents to improve interfacial adhesion to the polymers. The results showed that the modulus of the filled polymers was a function only of the concentration of filler used up to 40 volume percent filler. The tensile strength of the filled compositions depended very strongly on the degree of interfacial bond developed between the polymer and the filler. The interfacial bond strength depended on the effectiveness of the coupling agents and the inherent wetting ability of the polymer. Of the polymers investigated in this study, Noryl showed the greatest degree of inherent wetting to inorganic fillers. Chemical modification of polypropylene also resulted in greater adhesion to fillers. The impact strength of filled compounds had an even more complex response, because, in addition to the concentration of the filler, and strength of the polymerfiller interface, it depends on the mechanism of crack propagation.
Synthesis of Peptides for Use as Immunogens (1998)

An increasing problem in cell and molecular biology is the preparation of antibodies specific to proteins that are present in minute quantities within cells or tissues. With the advent of recombinant DNA technology, it is now often possible to deduce the primary amino acid sequence of a polypeptide without its purification. Two strategies then exist to raise appropriate antibodies. The gene can be expressed in a heterologous species, usually bacteria, and the resultant purified protein used as an immunogen. Glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins, for example, have been extensively used as immunogens. Alternatively, small synthetic peptides can be made that contain amino acid sequences inferred from that of the gene. Such antipeptide antibodies crossreact with the intact native protein with surprisingly high frequency and have the additional advantage that the epitope recognized by the antibody is already well defined (,) In this way, antibodies can be raised against novel gene products that are specifically directed against sites of interest, for example, unique regions, highly conserved regions, active sites, or extracellular or intracellular domains. Moreover, the ready availability of the pure peptide immunogen against which the antibody was raised means that sera can be rapidly and easily screened, e.g., using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for antipeptide activity. Free peptide can also be used to block antibody binding and so demonstrate immunological specificity, and it may be coupled to a solid support (e.g., agarose) to generate an affinity matrix for antibody purification.
Simulations of Optimal Macroeconomic Policies for Austria with a Varying Rate of Discount. (1995)

Human Serum Albumin (HSA) exerted a significant lipid peroxidase activity with the use of a thiol-reducing equivalent such as dithiothreitol (DTT). Carboxyl group-modified HSA (CM-HSA) showed a 10-fold stronger lipid peroxidase activity (1.6 nmol/min/mg) than that of HSA (0.17 nmol/min/mg). Instead of DTT, thioredoxin (Trx) also supported reducing equivalent to the reduction of lipid hydroperoxide by CM-HSA. Contrast to CM-HSA, HSA did not reduce lipid peroxide with the use of Trx. In the presence of palmitoyl coenzyme A (palmitoyl-CoA) however, HSA used Trx as an electron donor to the reduction of lipid hydroperoxide. The Trx-linked peroxidase activity of HSA sharply increased with elongation in the carbon chain of the acyl moiety of acyl-CoA, showing an optimum activity in the presence of palmitoyl-CoA. Fluorescence study indicates the conformational changes of HSA induced by palmitoyl-CoA. Together, these data suggest that palmitoyl-CoA-bound HSA has a capability to remove lipid peroxide with the use of electrons given by Trx system.
Methotrexate Suppresses NF-κB Activation Through Inhibition of IκBα Phosphorylation and Degradation (2001)

Methotrexate (MTX), a folate antagonist, is a commonly used anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and immunosuppressive drug whose mode of action is not fully established. Due to the central role of NF-kappaB in these responses, we postulated that MTX must mediate its effects through suppression of NF-kappaB activation. We investigated the effects of MTX on NF-kappaB activation induced by TNF in Jurkat cells. The treatment of these cells with MTX suppressed TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation with optimum effects occurring at 10 microM MTX for 60 min. These effects were not restricted to Jurkat cells because other cell types were also inhibited. Besides TNF, MTX also suppressed the NF-kappaB activation induced by various other inflammatory stimuli. The suppression of TNF-induced NF-kappaB activation by MTX correlated with inhibition of IkappaBalpha degradation, suppression of IkappaBalpha phosphorylation, abrogation of IkappaBalpha kinase activation, and inhibition of NF-kappaB-dependent reporter gene expression. Because ecto 5' nucleotidase inhibitor (alpha,beta-methylene adenosine-5'-diphosphate) blocked the effect of MTX, adenosine mimicked the effect of MTX, and adenosine A2b receptor antagonist (3,7-dimethyl-1-propargylxanthine) reversed the inhibitory effect of MTX, we suggest that MTX suppresses NF-kappaB activation by releasing adenosine. A partial reversal of MTX-induced NF-kappaB suppression by thymidine and folinic acid indicates the role of the thymidylate synthase pathway also. Overall, our results clearly demonstrate that MTX suppresses NF-kappaB activation through the release of adenosine, which may contribute to the role of MTX in anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative effects.
Potential of hypertonic medium treatment for embryo micromanipulation: I. Survival of rabbit embryos in vitro and in vivo following sucrose treatment (1990)

Rabbit zygotes and embryos were exposed to hypertonic sucrose in phosphate-buffered saline (SPBS). In experiment one, 144 zygotes shrank to 32-36% of their initial volume in 1.0 M SPBS within 30 min. Neither hypertonic treatment with 0.5 M or 1.0 M SPBS nor micropuncture of the zona pellucida after shrinkage affected embryo development into blastocysts in vitro (88%, 83%, and 82%, respectively), compared to that of the controls (93%, P greater than .05). In experiment two, 252 two- to four-cell- and 177 morula-stage embryos were exposed to isotonic PBS control or 0.5 M, 1.0 M, or 1.5 M SPBS for 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 min before transfer to PBS (290 mOsm). Embryo development was significantly reduced (P less than .05) when embryos were exposed in 0.5 M and 1.0 M SPBS for more than 60 min or in 1.5 M SPBS for more than 30 min. In experiment 3, morulae exposed for 60 min to 0.5 M or 1.0 M SPBS shrank to 37-39% or 32-35% of their initial volume and then expanded to 87-94% or 81-90% of their initial volume, respectively, after being returned to isotonic PBS for 60 min, but embryos in 1.5 M SPBS had erratic osmotic behavior. In experiment four, 192 two- to four-cell embryos exposed to 0.5 M SPBS for 0, 30, and 60 min before transfer to oviducts of recipients resulted in the production of 39%, 42% and 31% young, respectively (P greater than .05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Processing considerations for hybrid waveforms utilizing complementary phase coding and linear frequency stepping (1990)

The processing necessary for a hybrid radar waveform utilizing both complementary phase coding and linear frequency stepping to achieve improved range resolution in a radar system which is processor-bandwidth limited is investigated. An advantage of the technique presented is that a radar system may be designed with a lower processor bandwidth consistent with the phase code chip time instead of the entire frequency excursion of the hybrid waveform. This translates into lower complexity and cost for the radar system. An overall processing structure is presented for realizing this design, which consists of a matched filter, phase compensator, and coherent summer, followed by an inverse FFT (fast Fourier transform) operation. The results of a simulation of the processor are presented to illustrate the resolution properties of the hybrid waveform. >
A unified approach to moving object detection in 2D and 3D scenes (1998)

The detection of moving objects is important in many tasks. Previous approaches to this problem can be broadly divided into two classes: 2D algorithms which apply when the scene can be approximated by a flat surface and/or when the camera is only undergoing rotations and zooms, and 3D algorithms which work well only when significant depth variations are present in the scene and the camera is translating. We describe a unified approach to handling moving object detection in both 2D and 3D scenes, with a strategy to gracefully bridge the gap between those two extremes. Our approach is based on a stratification of the moving object detection problem into scenarios which gradually increase in their complexity. We present a set of techniques that match the above stratification. These techniques progressively increase in their complexity, ranging from 2D techniques to more complex 3D techniques. Moreover, the computations required for the solution to the problem at one complexity level become the initial processing step for the solution at the next complexity level. We illustrate these techniques using examples from real-image sequences.
Intergenic Complementation of Glucoamylase and Citric Acid Production in Two Species of <i>Aspergillus</i> (1973)

All auxotrophs of Aspergillus foetidus and all but two auxotrophs of A. niger which we isolated yield glucoamylase and citric acid, respectively, at levels below that of the prototrophic strain from which they were derived. Results of representative heterokaryon tests suggest that the nucleus was principally responsible for the inheritance of citric acid or glucoamylase production. Most somatic diploid strains of A. foetidus gave rise to higher yields of glucoamylase when compared to their haploid component strains. Both heterokaryons and somatic diploid strains of A. niger synthesized between auxotrophs which were simultaneously reduced in citric acid yields also gave rise to enhanced yields when compared with their haploid components. The yields of a heterokaryon and somatic diploid synthesized between two high producers of citric acid were not higher than those of respective haploid components. We concluded from these results that gene dosage (or ploidy) does not increase the yield of citric acid. The apparent enhancement in yields observed in diploids or heterokaryons synthesized between auxotrophs with reduced yields in both species can be interpreted as resulting from intergenic complementation.
<title>Dry etch patterning of chrome on glass optical masks using P(SI-CMS) resist</title> (1994)

Poly(trimethylsilylmethyl methacrylate-co-chloromethylstyrene) P(SI-CMS) has been designed to function as a negative-acting electron beam sensitive resist. This material is shown to be applicable to processes in which the chrome layer of 1X, 5X, and phase shifting masks is patterned via plasma etching. P(SI-CMS) containing 90 mole % trimethylsilylmethyl methacrylate and 10 mole % chloromethylstyrene exhibits thermal properties (T<SUB>g</SUB> > 80 degree(s)C; T<SUB>d</SUB> > 250 degree(s)C) which provide stability in reactive ion etch environments. In a Cl<SUB>2</SUB> - O<SUB>2</SUB> plasma P(SI<SUB>.90</SUB>-CMS<SUB>.10</SUB>) resist etches a factor of 4.25 slower than chromium, and 16 times slower than novolac based resists.
41.3: A Low‐Power AMOLED Microdisplay with Ultra‐High Pixel Density and Extended Operating Temperature Range (2007)

Abstract A low‐power, full‐color AMOLED microdisplay with an ultra‐high color pixel density of 2300 ppi and excellent image quality is reported. Based on a new pixel driver scheme, a key feature of the display is its built‐in temperature compensation circuitry that achieves instant operation at low temperatures without the need for power‐hungry heaters or complex external functionality.
A Triphenylamine/Bis(terpyridine)Ir<sup>III</sup> Dyad for the Assembly of Charge‐Separation Constructs with Improved Performances (2007)

Abstract A new dyad DII‐Ir consisting of a triphenylamine donor and a bis(terpyridine)Ir III acceptor separated by a bridge composed of two benzamide groups has been synthesized. The electrochemical and photophysical properties of the dyad have been compared to those of a corresponding dyad D‐Ir characterized by a bridge connecting the donor and the acceptor consisting of a single benzamide unit. We show that, whereas the charge‐separation steps are still very efficient in the long dyad (≥99 %), charge recombination is slowed by a factor of three with respect to the short dyad. This encourages the use of this dyad in the assembly of a more elaborate array DII‐Ir‐A, expected to overcome the disappointingly low charge‐separation yield of a previously studied D‐Ir‐A short triad. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Arnold O. Beckman (1994)

Journal Article Arnold O. Beckman Get access D S Young D S Young Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical Chemistry, Volume 40, Issue 7, 1 July 1994, Page 1359, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/40.7.1359a Published: 01 July 1994
Proton‐induced transformation of calcium channel in chick dorsal root ganglion cells. (1987)

1. In dissociated and cultured 2-5-day-old chick dorsal root ganglion cells, a large transient inward current could be activated in response to a 'step' increase in [H+]o. 2. Using the single-electrode patch clamp technique in its whole-cell configuration, the proton-induced current was graded with [H+]o and relaxed in 1-2 s. 3. The pH dependence of the current was sigmoid with activation occurring at around pH 7.0 (at[Ca2+]o = 1 mM) and a maximum at pH 6.0-5.5. 4. Small increases of [H+]o, which by themselves failed to activate a significant amount of current, inactivated the proton-induced current. The half-maximum of inactivation occurred at pH 7.11 at [Ca2+]o = 5 mM, but this changed to pH 7.32 at [Ca2+]o = 1 mM. 5. The proton-induced inward current reversed direction at the Na+ equilibrium potential and was suppressed in the absence of [Na+]o. Measurement of the reversal potential at different [Na+]o and/or [Na+]i showed a linear relation with a slope of 58 mV/decade as predicted from the Nernst equation. Thus, proton-induced current was carried by Na+ and was abbreviated as INa(H). 6. The membrane conductance associated with INa(H) showed no voltage dependence, but did change in parallel with the activation of the current. The membrane conductance increased by a factor of 10-20-fold at the peak of the inward current. 7. INa(H) was blocked by organic and inorganic Ca2+ channel blockers (diltiazem, Cd2+ and Ni2+), but was unaffected by high concentrations of tetrodotoxin (TTX) or steady-state increases of the [Ca2+]i to 10(-4) M or the [H+]i to 10(-6) M. 8. In outside-out membrane patches, the single channel associated with the proton-induced current opened in bursts, with long pauses. The mean open time during the bursts was 1.26 ms and the channel had a conductance of 20-25 pS at -80 mV (120 mM [Na2+]o, 20 mM [Na2+]i). 9. Measurement of the voltage-gated Ca2+ current using short (30-50 ms) depolarizing pulses to zero showed that the Ca2+ current (ICa) but not the fast Na+ current (INa) was completely suppressed during the time course of activation of INa(H). 10. INa(H) was completely blocked by high (35-40 mM) [Ca2+]o. 11. Simultaneous elevation of [H+]o and [Ca2+]o failed to activate INa(H) but enhanced the voltage-gated Ca2+ channel. 12. Our data show that the proton-induced current is carried by Na+ flowing through a transformed Ca2+ channel.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)