gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
HMOX1 Gene Promoter Alleles and High HO-1 Levels Are Associated with Severe Malaria in Gambian Children (2012)

Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) is an essential enzyme induced by heme and multiple stimuli associated with critical illness. In humans, polymorphisms in the HMOX1 gene promoter may influence the magnitude of HO-1 expression. In many diseases including murine malaria, HO-1 induction produces protective anti-inflammatory effects, but observations from patients suggest these may be limited to a narrow range of HO-1 induction, prompting us to investigate the role of HO-1 in malaria infection. In 307 Gambian children with either severe or uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria, we characterized the associations of HMOX1 promoter polymorphisms, HMOX1 mRNA inducibility, HO-1 protein levels in leucocytes (flow cytometry), and plasma (ELISA) with disease severity. The (GT)(n) repeat polymorphism in the HMOX1 promoter was associated with HMOX1 mRNA expression in white blood cells in vitro, and with severe disease and death, while high HO-1 levels were associated with severe disease. Neutrophils were the main HO-1-expressing cells in peripheral blood, and HMOX1 mRNA expression was upregulated by heme-moieties of lysed erythrocytes. We provide mechanistic evidence that induction of HMOX1 expression in neutrophils potentiates the respiratory burst, and propose this may be part of the causal pathway explaining the association between short (GT)(n) repeats and increased disease severity in malaria and other critical illnesses. Our findings suggest a genetic predisposition to higher levels of HO-1 is associated with severe illness, and enhances the neutrophil burst leading to oxidative damage of endothelial cells. These add important information to the discussion about possible therapeutic manipulation of HO-1 in critically ill patients.
Development of the New Welding Control Method for HF-ERW Pipes: Advanced Welding Process of HF-ERW 1 (2012)

In recent years, the key application requirement of the ERW line pipe has been its toughness, including the weld seam. It is known that, among defects generated at the weld seam, the penetrator defect affects toughness and is difficult to control by welding condition[1–4]. Generally speaking, ERW pipes are welded with exposure to air, and oxides are produced on the surface of the melted metal during the process. The discharge of this melted metal by electromagnetic force and squeezing produced at the current welding route is effective in eliminating the penetrator, and constantly optimizing the welding heat input means this defect can be constantly reduced. To optimize the welding heat input, therefore, it is important to determine the welding phenomena occurring at the welding spot and contrast them with the defect area ratio. We have studied (examined) the welding phenomena, optimum heat input power and the welding defect generation mechanism. Consequently, it was revealed that by varying the welding speed, Vee convergence angle and welding heat input, etc., a new categorization of welding phenomena as Types 1, 2, 3, and 2′ was possible. In the case of Type 2 and 2′ welding phenomena, the welding defect area ratio decreases, which resulted in a sound seam weld with high toughness. If these two welding phenomena are compared, the wider heat input power range of Type 2′ is preferable for the HF-ERW manufacturing process. The higher heat input of Type 2′ compared to Type 2 compensates for the abutting surface angle fluctuation, meaning it is also preferable for pipe manufacturing. Consequently, the control of the Type 2′ welding phenomenon is preferable for the HF-ERW manufacturing process.
Fresh tissue harvest for research from prostatectomy specimens (1994)

As a consequence of molecular biological and genetic techniques, the demand for fresh tissue for basic research has increased dramatically at academic medical centers. Because of the extreme lability of many biological macromolecules, tissue must be harvested with the least possible delay from the time of removal. This necessity for quick action, frequently under less than optimal circumstances, along with the obvious loss of tissue available for diagnostic purposes, presents a daunting challenge to the pathologist responsible for accurate grading and staging of the cancer. A novel approach is described for the procurement of fresh and freshly frozen prostatic tissue with acceptable limitations on subsequent morphological analysis.
Effect of Local Hypothermia on Early Wound Repair (1990)

Local hypothermia has been shown to enhance survival of pedicled skin flaps. The effect of prolonged local hypothermia on an important clinical correlate, wound healing, is examined in this study. Skin incisions were made on each flank of nine female pigs, and these incisions were closed primarily. A cooling pad was applied over the incisions on the right side of each animal, achieving an average dermal temperature of 35 degrees C vs 39 degrees C for the control side. Four animals were treated for 72 hours postoperatively; five pigs were treated for 7 days. Wound repair was evaluated by standard histologic techniques at 24 hours, 72 hours, 7 days, and 14 days. Control wounds in all animals demonstrated the normal progression of primary wound repair. We demonstrate that local hypothermia: (1) inhibits wound repair for the duration of its application; (2) is not detrimental to the early 2-week phase of wound healing if applied for 72 hours postoperatively; and (3) may have a beneficial effect by inhibiting inflammation through delay of the late inflammatory phase of wound healing.
Klotho and Chronic Kidney Disease (2013)

Through alternative splicing, Klotho protein exists both as a secreted and a membrane form whose extracellular domain could be shed from the cell surface by secretases and released into the circulation to act as endocrine factor. Unlike membrane Klotho which functions as a coreceptor for fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF23) to modulate FGF23 signal transduction, soluble Klotho is a multifunction protein present in the biological fluids including blood, urine and cerebrospinal fluid and plays important roles in antiaging, energy metabolism, inhibition of Wnt signaling, antioxidation, modulation of ion transport, control of parathyroid hormone and 1,25(OH)2VD3 production, and antagonism of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Emerging evidence from clinical and basic studies reveal that chronic kidney disease is a state of endocrine and renal Klotho deficiency, which may serve as an early biomarker and a pathogenic contributor to chronic progression and complications in chronic kidney disease including vascular calcification, cardiac hypertrophy, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Supplementation of exogenous Klotho and/or upregulation of endogenous Klotho production by using rennin angiotensin system inhibitors, HMG CoA reductase inhibitors, vitamin D analogues, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors-gamma agonists, or anti-oxidants may confer renoprotection from oxidation and suppression of renal fibrosis, and also on prevention or alleviation of complications in chronic kidney disease. Therefore, Klotho is a highly promising candidate on the horizon as an early biomarker, and as a novel therapeutic agent for chronic kidney disease.
Equity of Attention: Amortizing Individual Fairness in Rankings (2018)

Rankings of people and items are at the heart of selection-making, match-making, and recommender systems, ranging from employment sites to sharing economy platforms. As ranking positions influence the amount of attention the ranked subjects receive, biases in rankings can lead to unfair distribution of opportunities and resources, such as jobs or income. This paper proposes new measures and mechanisms to quantify and mitigate unfairness from a bias inherent to all rankings, namely, the position bias, which leads to disproportionately less attention being paid to low-ranked subjects. Our approach differs from recent fair ranking approaches in two important ways. First, existing works measure unfairness at the level of subject groups while our measures capture unfairness at the level of individual subjects, and as such subsume group unfairness. Second, as no single ranking can achieve individual attention fairness, we propose a novel mechanism that achieves amortized fairness, where attention accumulated across a series of rankings is proportional to accumulated relevance. We formulate the challenge of achieving amortized individual fairness subject to constraints on ranking quality as an online optimization problem and show that it can be solved as an integer linear program. Our experimental evaluation reveals that unfair attention distribution in rankings can be substantial, and demonstrates that our method can improve individual fairness while retaining high ranking quality.
Effect of Dyes on Bacterial Growth (1973)

A rapid screening procedure was used to test the effect of 42 dyes on growth of 30 bacteria on solid media. The results indicated that many readily available dyes might have potential application for selective isolation of specific bacterial groups as well as value in differentiating between closely related bacterial taxa. Separation of Enterobacter from Escherichia, Salmonella from Shigella, and Staphylococcus from Micrococcus by selected dyes was also evaluated.
MCAK-Independent Functions of ch-Tog/XMAP215 in Microtubule Plus-End Dynamics (2008)

The formation of a functional bipolar mitotic spindle is essential for genetic integrity. In human cells, the microtubule polymerase XMAP215/ch-Tog ensures spindle bipolarity by counteracting the activity of the microtubule-depolymerizing kinesin XKCM1/MCAK. Their antagonistic effects on microtubule polymerization confer dynamic instability on microtubules assembled in cell-free systems. It is, however, unclear if a similar interplay governs microtubule behavior in mammalian cells in vivo. Using real-time analysis of spindle assembly, we found that ch-Tog is required to produce or maintain long centrosomal microtubules after nuclear-envelope breakdown. In the absence of ch-Tog, microtubule assembly at centrosomes was impaired and microtubules were nondynamic. Interkinetochore distances and the lengths of kinetochore fibers were also reduced in these cells. Codepleting MCAK with ch-Tog improved kinetochore fiber length and interkinetochore separation but, surprisingly, did not rescue centrosomal microtubule assembly and microtubule dynamics. Our data therefore suggest that ch-Tog has at least two distinct roles in spindle formation. First, it protects kinetochore microtubules from depolymerization by MCAK. Second, ch-Tog plays an essential role in centrosomal microtubule assembly, a function independent of MCAK activity. Thus, the notion that the antagonistic activities of MCAK and ch-Tog determine overall microtubule stability is too simplistic to apply to human cells.
The effects of carnitine, glycerylphosphorylcholine, caffeine, and egg yolk on the motility of rat epididymal spermatozoa (1981)

Abstract Experiments were performed to further the understanding of epididymal processes involved in the acquisition of sperm motility. Samples of luminal contents were collected by micropuncture from four regions of the rat epididymis. These samples were incubated in various diluents to observe the effects of the diluents on sperm motility. Consonant with previous reports, 40 mM glycerylphosphorylcholine (GPC) and 60 mM DL‐carnitine reduced overall motility scores of cauda epididymidal spermatozoa but did not prevent normal initiation of motility. Additionally, control sperm cells and cells treated with carnitine could reinitiate full motility after becoming immotile. Spermatozoa treated with GPC could not reinitiate motility. The sperm cells in our system thus react to GPC and carnitine in fundamentally different ways, the exact nature of which remains to be determined. Spermatozoa from the distal caput epididymidis evidenced high motility scores when diluted in a 5% egg yolk + 10 mM caffeine diluent. It was demonstrated, however, that the subjective appearance of full motility in these immature cells was not supported by actual progressive motility as measured in an assay of linear distance traveled. It was concluded that neither 10 mM caffeine, 5% egg yolk, nor their combination was sufficient to induce progressive motility in immature rat spermatozoa.
Fabrication and Electrical Properties of Stacked Graphene Monolayers (2014)

We develop a simple method to fabricate the two-stacked graphene monolayers and investigate the electronic transport in such a system. The independence of the two graphene monolayers gives rise to the asymmetric resistance-gate voltage curves and an eight-fold degeneracy of Landau level. The position of the maximum resistance of the transfer curves shifts towards higher gate voltage with increasing magnetic field, which is attributed to the magnetic field induced interlayer decoupling of the stacked graphene monolayers.
Efficient parametric coding of transients (2006)

In this paper, methods for improved parametric coding of transients are presented. We propose a signal model for coding of transients consisting of a sum of sinusoids each being amplitude-modulated by a different gamma envelope. These envelopes are characterized by an onset time, an attack and a decay parameter. An efficient method for estimating these parameters is presented. Further, methods are proposed that combine this transient model with a constant-amplitude sinusoidal model in order to achieve efficient coding of both stationary and transient signal parts. By rate-distortion optimization using a perceptual distortion measure, we combine variable rate bit allocation and segmentation in an optimal way. Formal, as well as informal, listening tests show that significant improvements can be achieved with the proposed model as compared to a state-of-the-art sinusoidal coder by the combination of optimal segmentation and amplitude modulated sinusoidal audio coding
Parallel algorithms for the efficient extraction of fitting based reduced order models (2011)

This paper investigates two methods of exploiting parallel architectures in order to efficiently extract reduced-order models for passive high-frequency integrated devices. Due to the high frequencies involved, all the effects of electromagnetic fields must be taken into account, but this leads to very large models which have to be reduced. We use an efficient technique, based on Vector Fitting, to extract these models with minimal computational effort, and we propose two methods of mapping the tasks on a parallel architecture.
One-Step Biallelic and Scarless Correction of a β-Thalassemia Mutation in Patient-Specific iPSCs without Drug Selection (2016)

Monogenic disorders (MGDs), which are caused by single gene mutations, have a serious effect on human health. Among these, β-thalassemia (β-thal) represents one of the most common hereditary hematological diseases caused by mutations in the human hemoglobin β (HBB) gene. The technologies of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and genetic correction provide insights into the treatments for MGDs, including β-thal. However, traditional approaches for correcting mutations have a low efficiency and leave a residual footprint, which leads to some safety concerns in clinical applications. As a proof of concept, we utilized single-strand oligodeoxynucleotides (ssODNs), high-fidelity CRISPR/Cas9 nuclease, and small molecules to achieve a seamless correction of the β-41/42 (TCTT) deletion mutation in β thalassemia patient-specific iPSCs with remarkable efficiency. Additionally, off-target analysis and whole-exome sequencing results revealed that corrected cells exhibited a minimal mutational load and no off-target mutagenesis. When differentiated into hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) and then further to erythroblasts, the genetically corrected cells expressed normal β-globin transcripts. Our studies provide the most efficient and safe approach for the genetic correction of the β-41/42 (TCTT) deletion in iPSCs for further potential cell therapy of β-thal, which represents a potential therapeutic avenue for the gene correction of MGD-associated mutants in patient-specific iPSCs.
Blue-shifting the monomer and excimer phosphorescence of tridentate cyclometallated platinum(ii) complexes for optimal white-light OLEDs (2012)

By using a tridentate N^C^N-coordinating ligand, the luminescence of a cyclometallated Pt(II) complex can be shifted into the blue region, without the problematic drop-off in quantum yield observed for bidentate analogues. The combination of blue-shifted monomer and excimer allows white-emitting OLEDs with high colour rendering index to be produced.
Inter-Organisational Relationships of Community Health Centres (1997)

It is often argued that community based health organisations ought to have substantial links with other organisations in their local environment in order to provide integrated, accountable clinical and preventive services. This paper reports results from a study of the links forged by staff working in four community health centres in Victoria, Australia. The pattern of links between organisations is described and their functions explored. The perceptions of community health workers and their network partners in the other organisations are compared and the strategies used by the workers to establish and build their links identified. It can be argued that links with external organisations are important in community health practice and are valued by the organisations with which the centres establish links. They have, however, received very little attention within or without the field of community health. They are taken for granted, rarely discussed, and as often inhibited as facilitated by the structures within which community health centres operate. Consequently, a great deal of valuable community health work remains unacknowledged, potentially underdeveloped and undervalued. It has not been made clear how education can best support community health staff in this aspect of their work.
3D Computational Ghost Imaging (2013)

Computational Ghost Imaging uses projection of random patterns and backscattered signals recorded by a photo-diode to give an image. Extending to multiple detectors gives surface gradients from which the object’s 3D form can be reconstructed.
“Subcellular Proteomics” of Neuromelanin Granules Isolated from the Human Brain (2005)

"Subcellular proteomics" is currently the most effective approach to characterize subcellular compartments. Based on the powerful combination of subcellular fractionation and protein identification by LC-MS/MS we were able for the first time to 1) isolate intact neuromelanin granules from the human brain and 2) establish the first protein profile of these granules. This compartment containing neuromelanin (NM) is primarily located in the primate's substantia nigra, one of the main brain regions that severely degenerates in Parkinson disease. We used mechanic tissue disaggregation, discontinuous sucrose gradient centrifugation, cell disruption, and organelle separation to isolate NM granules from human substantia nigra. Using transmission electron microscopy we demonstrated that the morphological characteristics of the isolated NM granules are similar to those described in human brain tissue. Fundamentally we found numerous proteins definitely demonstrating a close relationship of NM-containing granules with lysosomes or lysosome-related organelles originating from the endosome-lysosome lineage. Intriguingly we further revealed the presence of endoplasmic reticulum-derived chaperones, especially the transmembrane protein calnexin, which recently has been located in lysosome-related melanosomes and has been suggested to be a melanogenic chaperone.
Telavancin <i>In Vitro</i> Activity against a Collection of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolates, Including Resistant Subsets, from the United States (2015)

Telavancin had MIC50, MIC90, and MIC100 values of 0.03, 0.06, and 0.12 μg/ml, respectively, against methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and non-multidrug-resistant (non-MDR) and MDR subsets. MRSA with elevated MIC values for vancomycin (2 to 4 μg/ml) or daptomycin (1 to 2 μg/ml) had telavancin MIC50 (0.06 μg/ml) values 2-fold higher than those of isolates with lower MIC results (MIC50, 0.03 μg/ml). However, telavancin had MIC90 and MIC100 results of 0.06 and 0.12 μg/ml (100% susceptible), respectively, regardless of the MRSA subset.
The primary determinant of rabbit myocardial ethanolamine phosphotransferase substrate selectivity is the covalent nature of the sn-1 aliphatic group of diradyl glycerol acceptors. (1992)

Plasmenylethanolamines represent the major endogenous phospholipid storage depot of arachidonic acid in many mammalian cells. To elucidate the biochemical mechanisms contributing to the high plasmalogen content and arachidonic acid enrichment present in myocardial ethanolamine glycerophospholipids, the substrate specificity of rabbit myocardial ethanolamine phosphotransferase (EPT) was quantified utilizing multiple molecular species of each subclass of diradyl glycerol substrate. Myocardial EPT demonstrated over a 16-fold selectivity for 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acyl-sn-glycerol (AAG) compared to 1,2-diacyl-sn-glycerol (DAG) substrate utilizing individual molecular species of each subclass dispersed in Tween 20. The selective utilization of AAG by EPT was substantiated utilizing two independent assay systems which employed either the presentation of substrate to enzyme as a substitutional impurity in Triton X-100 mixed micelles or the obligatory utilization of endogenously generated diradyl glycerol substrates. Although rabbit myocardial microsomes contained over a 20-fold molar excess of endogenous DAG to AAG mass, incubation of rabbit myocardial microsomes with CDP-ethanolamine resulted in the highly selective synthesis of plasmenylethanolamines which were predominantly comprised of molecular species containing arachidonic acid at the sn-2 position (greater than 75%). Endogenous AAG molecular species in rabbit myocardial microsomes were similarly enriched in arachidonic acid, and the distribution of AAG molecular species closely paralleled the distribution of plasmenylethanolamine (but not plasmenylcholine) molecular species. Thus, the subclass and molecular species distribution of the ethanolamine glycerophospholipids synthesized by rabbit myocardial EPT reflects independent contributions from the subclass selectivity of EPT for AAG substrate in conjunction with the enrichment of arachidonic acid in microsomal AAG molecular species.