gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Central oxytocin modulation of acute stress-induced cardiovascular responses after myocardial infarction in the rat (2009)

The present study was aimed at determining the role of centrally released oxytocin in regulation of blood pressure and heart rate (HR) under resting conditions and during an acute air-jet stress in rats with a myocardial infarction and controls infarcted. Four weeks after ligation of a coronary artery or sham surgery, conscious Sprague Dawley rats were subjected to one of the following intracerebroventricular (ICV) infusions: (1) 0.9% NaCl (control), (2) oxytocin, (3) oxytocin receptor antagonist {desGly-NH(2)-d(CH(2))(5)[D-Tyr(2)Thr(4)]OVT}(OXYANT). Resting arterial blood pressure and HR were not affected by any of the ICV infusions either in the infarcted or sham-operated rats. In the control experiments, the pressor and tachycardic responses to the air jet of infarcted rats were significantly greater than in the sham-operated rats. OXYANT significantly enhanced the cardiovascular responses to stress only in the sham-operated rats whereas oxytocin significantly attenuated both responses in the infarcted but not in the sham-operated rats. The results suggest that centrally released endogenous oxytocin significantly reduces the cardiovascular responses to the acute stressor in control rats. This buffering function of the brain-oxytocin system is not efficient during the post-myocardial infarction state, however it may be restored by central administration of exogenous oxytocin.
Differential Charging in XPS. Part I: Demonstration of Lateral Charging in a Bulk Insulator Using Imaging XPS (1996)

Recent literature has drawn a distinction between charging across the surface (lateral differential charging) and charging with depth (vertical differential charging) for insulating samples. In this study, differential charging in a bulk insulator was investigated using imaging and small-area spectra acquired with a monochromatic x-ray source. With no charge neutralization, reproducible photoelectron images and spectra could be acquired from a glass sample after ∽90 min of x-ray exposure. The charge shifts and photoelectron peak shapes vary as a function of x-ray flux on the sample, indicating that lateral charging is the dominant mechanism on a bulk insulator. Uniform binding energies, photoelectron peak shapes and images are acquired with the charge neutralizer on.
Comments on "Efficient transdermal links with coupling-insensitive gain" by B.C. Galbreath, et al (1988)

In a comment on a previously published paper (ibid., vol.BME-34, no.4, p.265-75, 1987), the potential benefits of stagger tuning of the coils on inductively-coupled links are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Biology of Grit-Blasted Titanium Alloy Implants (1995)

This study describes the biologic integration of grit-blasted titanium alloy (Ti-6A1-4V) implants that were press fit into the distal femoral canal of young adult rabbits and evaluated by histologic, histomorphometric, and biomechanical methods. Polished and aluminum oxide grit-blasted (4.2 +/- 0.7 microns surface roughness) solid implants were compared with titanium fibermetal implants. Nondecalcified cross sections were studied by histology, histomorphometry, and electron microscopy in the backscatter mode at 3, 6, and 12 weeks after implantation. Pullout strength was measured at 12 weeks. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance and post-hoc Student-Newman-Keuls and Scheffe's tests. The blasted implants had significantly more bone intimately in contact with the implant surface (31%) than the fibermetal (17%), or solid polished implants (15%). By 3 weeks, woven bone had formed directly on the surface of the blasted implants, whereas there was a discrete space between woven bone and the other implants. Active remodeling of bone was shown by fluorochrome uptake at the surface of the blasted implants at 12 weeks after implantation. The strength of fixation of blasted and fiber-metal implants was significantly greater than polished implants at 12 weeks after implantation. Direct attachment of newly formed bone onto the blasted implant surface was confirmed by backscatter electron microscopy. The results of this study indicate that grit-blasted titanium surfaces provide an excellent surface for bone implant integration.
Role of Gamma Interferon in the Pathogenesis of Severe Schistosomiasis in Interleukin-4-Deficient Mice (2001)

In the absence of interleukin-4 (IL-4), infection with Schistosoma mansoni leads to a severe fatal disease rather than the chronic survivable condition that occurs in wild-type (WT) mice. Because the sustained production of NO most closely correlates to weight loss and fatality in infected IL-4(-/-) mice and because gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) is an important inducer of inducible NO synthase, infected IL-4(-/-) mice were treated with anti-IFN-gamma antibodies to determine the role of IFN-gamma during schistosomiasis in WT and IL-4(-/-) animals. When IFN-gamma was neutralized, Th2 responses were enhanced and NO production was reduced in both WT and IL-4(-/-) mice. The decreased NO production correlated with a rescue of proliferation in splenocytes from infected IL-4(-/-) mice. Furthermore, the neutralization of IFN-gamma in vivo improved the gross appearance of the liver and led to a reduction in granuloma size in infected IL-4(-/-) but not WT mice. However, the neutralization of IFN-gamma in vivo did not affect the development of severe disease in infected IL-4(-/-) mice. These results suggest that while the increased production of IFN-gamma does lead to some of the pathology observed in infected IL-4(-/-) mice, it is not ultimately responsible for cachexia and death.
Structural effects on the magnetic and transport properties of perovskite<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mi>−</mml:mi><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi>A</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi>x</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>′</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">MnO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>(<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>x</mml:mi><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.25</mml:mn><mml:mo>,</mml:mo></mml:math>0.30) (1997)

The evolution of the structural properties of ${A}_{1\ensuremath{-}x}{A}_{x}^{\ensuremath{'}}{\mathrm{MnO}}_{3}$ was determined as a function of temperature, average $A$-site radius $〈{r}_{A}〉,$ and applied pressure for the ``optimal'' doping range $x=0.25,$ 0.30, by using high-resolution neutron powder diffraction. The metal-insulator transition, which can be induced both as a function of temperature and of $〈{r}_{A}〉,$ was found to be accompanied by significant structural changes. Both the paramagnetic charge-localized phase, which exists at high temperatures for all values of $〈{r}_{A}〉,$ and the spin-canted ferromagnetic charge-ordered phase, which is found at low temperatures for low values of $〈{r}_{A}〉,$ are characterized by large metric distortions of the ${\mathrm{MnO}}_{6}$ octahedra. These structural distortions are mainly incoherent with respect to the space-group symmetry, with a significant coherent component only at low $〈{r}_{A}〉.$ These distortions decrease abruptly at the transition into the ferromagnetic metal phase. These observations are consistent with the hypothesis that, in the insulating phases, lattice distortions of the Jahn-Teller type, in addition to spin scattering, provide a charge-localization mechanism. The evolution of the average structural parameters indicates that the variation of the electronic bandwidth is the driving force for the evolution of the insulator-to-metal transition at ${T}_{C}$ as a function of ``chemical'' and applied pressure.
Preparation of sustained release hydrophilic matrices by melt granulation in a high-shear mixer. (2005)

These results suggest that melt granulation could be an easy and fast method to formulate sustained release tablets.
Testosterone Effects on Mares during Synchronization with Altrenogest: FSH, LH, Estrous Duration and Pregnancy Rate (1983)

Twelve mares fed altrenogest for 14 d were used to study the effects of a single injection of testosterone propionate on concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) during diestrus, and to relate the normal and perturbed patterns of FSH secretion to subsequent estrous characteristics and fertility. Seven of 12 mares received testosterone propionate at 200 micrograms/kg of body weight on d 5 of progestogen feeding. Mares were teased and blood samples were drawn daily; all mares were artificially inseminated at the first estrus after progestogen treatment. Testosterone propionate treatment caused a 50% reduction in concentration of FSH in plasma within 24 h, and this effect persisted through 48 h after injection. Within 4 d after the suppression of FSH secretion, concentrations of FSH rebounded and were significantly elevated compared with control values during the last 4 d of progestogen feeding. Testosterone propionate at this dosage also elicited estrous behavior in five of seven treated mares within 24 h after injection. After withdrawal of progestogen feeding, the interval to onset of estrus, duration of estrus, and magnitude of the luteinizing hormone peak were similar between groups (P greater than .05). Six of seven treated mares and three of five control mares became pregnant to breeding on the first estrus after progestogen treatment. Because manipulation of the normal pattern of FSH secretion during diestrus did not affect estrous characteristics or fertility of the subsequent estrus, such treatment may have potential as a means of synchronizing FSH surges during diestrus in the mare.
Correlation of the Formation and the Decomposition Process of the BSCF Perovskite at Intermediate Temperatures (2008)

The mixed ionic-electronic conductor (MIEC) (Ba0.5Sr0.5)(Co0.8Fe0.2)O3−δ (BSCF) is a renowned material with applications in membrane reactors and as cathodes in solid-oxide fuel cells. Despite BSCF’s large oxygen permeabilities, long-time phase instability at intermediate temperatures has been reported. However, the mechanism of this decomposition is still unclear. Here, we present a study of the synthesis of BSCF and compare our results with those obtained from long-time decomposition. Rietveld and Le Bail analysis as well as transmission electron microscopy studies were applied to investigate the reaction sequence in BSCF formation. We are now able to draw the following conclusion about the reaction mechanism: the formation as well as decomposition is due to a reversible reordering of the hexagonal AO3-layer stacking sequence in the cubic perovskite, which can occur if the cubic BSCF is kept at temperatures below T = 1173 K for long time periods, thereby leading to the decomposition of BSCF into a three-phase mixture. The driving force for this reaction was identified to occur at the cobalt site because cobalt prefers a low-spin configuration in the 3+ oxidation state. This reaction occurs only at temperatures below T = 1173 K because of the oxidation of cobalt at low temperatures.
Optical-waveguide hybrid coupler (1982)

As a novel guided-wave passive device, the optical-waveguide hybrid coupler is proposed and its first known demonstration is reported. The proposed device consists of symmetric and nonsymmetric branching forks connected at a junction. An explanation of the working mechanism is presented. The feasibility of the device is confirmed by constructing and testing the hybrid coupler with an integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer composed of a Y junction and phase shifters using a Ti-diffused LiNbO(3) waveguide.
The highly conserved defender against the death 1 (DAD1) gene maps to human chromosome 14q11–q12 and mouse chromosome 14 and has plant and nematode homologs (1995)

We have cloned the cDNA encoding the mouse DAD1 (defender against apoptotic cell death) protein. While showing an expected high homology with the previously cloned human and Xenopus DAD1-encoding cDNAs, this sequence has striking homology to partial cDNA sequences reported from O. sativa (rice) and C. elegans (nematode), suggesting the existence of plant and invertebrate homologs of this highly conserved gene. The human and mouse DAD1 genes map to chromosome 14q11-q12 and chromosome 14, respectively. This mapping data supports and extends the previously reported similarities between human chromosome 14q and mouse chromosome 14.
Short Text Similarity with Word Embeddings (2015)

Determining semantic similarity between texts is important in many tasks in information retrieval such as search, query suggestion, automatic summarization and image finding. Many approaches have been suggested, based on lexical matching, handcrafted patterns, syntactic parse trees, external sources of structured semantic knowledge and distributional semantics. However, lexical features, like string matching, do not capture semantic similarity beyond a trivial level. Furthermore, handcrafted patterns and external sources of structured semantic knowledge cannot be assumed to be available in all circumstances and for all domains. Lastly, approaches depending on parse trees are restricted to syntactically well-formed texts, typically of one sentence in length.
LATISSIMUS DORSI TRANSFER FOR THE TREATMENT OF IRREPARABLE ROTATOR CUFF TEARS (2006)

Background: Treatment of irreparable rotator cuff tears remains controversial. Latissimus dorsi transfer to the greater tuberosity has been proposed for the treatment of irreparable tears associated with severe functional impairment and chronic, disabling pain. Methods: Sixty-seven patients with sixty-nine irreparable, full-thickness tears of at least two complete tendons were managed with latissimus dorsi transfer and were reviewed clinically and radiographically after an average of fifty-three months. The study group included fifty-two men and fifteen women, with an average age of sixty-one years. Thirteen patients also had deficient subscapularis function preoperatively. Outcome measures included the Constant and Murley score and the Subjective Shoulder Value. Osteoarthritis and acromiohumeral distance were measured on standardized radiographs. Results: The mean Subjective Shoulder Value increased from 28% preoperatively to 66% at the time of follow-up (p < 0.0001). The mean age and gender-matched Constant and Murley score improved from 55% to 73% (p < 0.0001). The pain score improved from 6 to 12 points (of a possible 15 points) (p < 0.0001). Flexion increased from 104° to 123°, abduction increased from 101° to 119°, and external rotation increased from 22° to 29° (p < 0.05). Abduction strength increased from 0.9 to 1.8 kg (p < 0.0001). There was a slight but significant increase in osteoarthritic changes (from stage 0.8 to stage 1.3; p = 0.0002). In shoulders with a negative preoperative lift-off test, significant improvements were observed in terms of both function and pain, and strength doubled from 1.0 to 2.0 kg (p = 0.0001), but osteoarthritic changes progressed from stage 0.7 to stage 1.1 (p = 0.0006). In shoulders with poor subscapularis function, no improvement in these parameters was observed. Conclusions: Latissimus dorsi transfer durably and substantially improves chronically painful, dysfunctional shoulders with irreparable rotator cuff tears, especially if the subscapularis is intact. If subscapularis function is deficient, the procedure is of questionable benefit and probably should not be used. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Progressive Burn Injury Documented with Vimentin Immunostaining (1996)

Precise determination of burn depth during the immediate postburn period remains an unresolved clinical problem. In an attempt to provide a new clinical option to aid in diagnosis of burn depth, an immunohistochemical marker (antivimentin) was used to examine excisional tissues or serial punch biopsies, or both, in partial-thickness human burn injuries. To test the hypothesis that burn injury continues to progress beyond the first 24 hours, burn depth was assessed by quantitative morphometric analysis in both a partial-thickness porcine burn model and in sequential samples from human patients. Vimentin immunostaining of ubiquitous mesenchymal populations resulted in a precise demarcation between burn eschar and the viable underlying dermis at 1 to 5 days after burn trauma. Porcine wounds showed continuous and significant progression in burn depth during days 1 through 3, but wounds were no deeper on the fourth postburn day. Similarly, 13 of 14 patients showed significant progression in burn depth between 1 to 5 days after burn injury. In conclusion, immunohistochemical staining with an antisera targeted toward a widely dispersed cell population in the dermis can be utilized as an effective tool to confirm the depth of tissue injury during the acute postburn period. Data from our randomly selected patients with partial-thickness burn suggest that burn wounds continue to demarcate for several days.
Plasticity in reinforced concrete (1982)

PrefaceNotationPart 1 - Basic Concepts and ExperimentsChapter 1 - IntroductionChapter 2 - Some Basic Properties of Concrete and SteelPart 2 - Concrete Elasticity and Failure CriteriaChapter 3 - Linear-Elastic Brittle-Fracture ModelsChapter 4 - Nonlinear-Elastic Fracture ModelsChapter 5 - Failure Criteria of ConcretePart 3 - Concrete Plasticity: Theory and ApplicationChapter 6 - Elastic Perfectly Plastic Fracture ModelsChapter 7 - Limit Analysis of Perfect PlasticityChapter 8 - Elastic-Hardening Plastic-Fracture ModelsChapter 9 - Numerical Implementation of Elastoplastic Fracture ModelsAuthor IndexSubject Index
X-Band radar derived sea surface elevation maps as input to ship motion forecasting (2010)

Nautical X-Band radars used for navigation can also be used to determine spectral and individual wave properties. The sea surface reflects the incident radar beams and wave fronts become visible as stripe like pattern of high back scatter on the radar screen. When connected to a conventional nautical X-Band radar, the Wave Monitoring System WaMoS II exploits this imaging of waves to detect full directional wave spectra and to derive statistical sea state parameters as well as surface currents. WaMoS II is continuously improved with new features being developed. In particular, the sea surface elevation maps derived by WaMoS II allow to investigate and describe the spatial and temporal development of 3D ocean surface waves. The European Joint Industry Project `On board Wave and Motion Estimator (OWME)' used this measurement technique to provide the wave information that is required to predict periods of quiescent vessel motions. A task that offers valuable support for various offshore operations like e.g. the tensioning of a tanker or the landing of a helicopter. This contribution gives an overview of the overall OWME system design showing first validation results, focusing on the method to derive wave trains using the WaMoS II system.
LLVA: a low-level virtual instruction set architecture (2003)

A virtual instruction set architecture (V-ISA) implemented via a processor-specific software translation layer can provide great flexibility to processor designers. Recent examples such as Crusoe and DAISY, however, have used existing hardware instruction sets as virtual ISAs, which complicates translation and optimization. In fact, there has been little research on specific designs for a virtual ISA for processors. This paper proposes a novel virtual ISA (LLVA) and a translation strategy for implementing it on arbitrary hardware. The instruction set is typed, uses an infinite virtual register set in static single assignment form, and provides explicit control-flow and dataflow information, and yet uses low-level operations closely matched to traditional hardware. It includes novel mechanisms to allow more flexible optimization of native code, including a flexible exception model and minor constraints on self-modifying code. We propose a translation strategy that enables offline translation and transparent offline caching of native code and profile information, while remaining completely OS-independent. It also supports optimizations directly on the representation at install-time, runtime, and offline between executions. We show experimentally that despite its rich information content, virtual object code is comparable in size to native machine code, virtual instructions expand to only 2-4 ordinary hardware instructions on average, and simple translation costs under 1% of total execution time except for very short runs.
Multi-selection and distributed sorting (1987)

The definition of multiselection is given, as are two related algorithms, for sequential and distributed Quicksort-based (m,n)-selection. A distributed sorting algorithm based on distributed multiselection, which improves on existing algorithms, is also proposed.
Lessons from national experience (1998)

The paper elaborates on the potential for national evaluation capacities, as a means to ensure that evaluation findings are available to assist countries in government decision-making, and prioritization, particularly in the budget process. Second, it assists managers in the performance of ongoing activities at the project, program, and sector levels, as well as organizations, institutional, and reform process performance. Third, evaluation findings are also an input to accountability mechanisms. Based on the importance of governance issues, and the need to support capacity building, and institutional development, it is recognized that although capacity building has received some attention, it is far less than it should have, thus the link between public sector performance, and the role of evaluation needs to be enhanced. The paper describes the broad spectrum of performance measurement activities, including monitoring and evaluation, and examines country experiences, and success factors on the development of evaluation systems, including implications for the Bank, and other donors.
Monolithic InP-biased tunable filter with 10-nm bandwidth for optical data interconnects in the 1550-nm band (1999)

We report the design and fabrication of micromechanically tunable filters with a 10-nm bandwidth for the 1550-nm wavelength range. The electrostatic actuation provides a tuning range of 30 nm and a low actuation power. The filters consist of a monolithic, vertical Fabry-Perot resonant cavity based on an epitaxial InGaAsP-InP Bragg reflector. An actuable InP micromechanical structure suspended over a 1/spl times/-thick air-gap provides for the tuning of the cavity. Our design aims primarily for a device that is simple, robust and that can be integrated with an InP-based photodetector or emitter in a low-cost component for optical data interconnects.
Histogram Based Double Gaussian Feature Normalization For Robust Language Recognition (2007)

For automatic language recognition, performance can be seriously degraded due to the transfer characteristics of the communication channel. Many methods are proposed to compensate the effect of the environment for better recognition results. In this paper, we propose a histogram based double Gaussian feature normalization method for robust language recognition. Compared with the baseline system, the proposed method achieves a relative error reduction of 17.4%, which shows advantages over other common feature normalization methods in language recognition systems.