gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reaction of systemic lupus erythematosus antinative DNA antibodies with native DNA fragments from 20 to 1,200 base pairs. (1980)

Double-stranded DNA fragments of varying sizes were isolated and tested for binding to systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) antinative DNA antibodies. Fragments of 20-25, 40-50, 90-110, and 160-180 base pairs (bp), along with intermediate-size pieces were isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis of a limited micrococcal nuclease digest of calf thymus DNA. Larger helical polynucleotides of 160-200, 380, 600-1,000, and 1,200 bp were isolated by preparative gel electrophoresis of DNA from chicken erythrocyte nucleosomes and oligonucleosomes. The fragments behaved as base-paired structures as tested by thermal denaturation, resistance to S1 nuclease, and serological assays with antibodies to native or denatured DNA. At a concentration of 0.27 muM, fragments of 20-25 bp were able to react with two SLE sera in competition with native DNA. With these and two other sera, DNA of 40-50 bp was a much more effective competitor. One serum required DNA greater than 180 bp for competition in the concentration range tested. Denatured fragments were much less effective than native fragments. The results emphasize the heterogeneity of SLE antinative DNA antibodies, confirm that secondary structure of the antigen is important for specific binding to these antibodies, and support the suggestion that bivalent binding to one molecule may be important for high functional affinity.
Nonnegativity-, monotonicity-, or convexity-preserving cubic and quintic Hermite interpolation (1989)

The Hermite polynomials are simple, effective interpolants of discrete data. These interpolants can preserve local positivity, monotonicity, and convexity of the data if we restrict their derivatives to satisfy constraints at the data points. This paper describes the conditions that must be satisfied for cubic and quintic Hermite interpolants to preserve these properties when they exist in the discrete data. We construct algorithms to ensure that these constraints are satisfied and give numerical examples to illustrate the effectiveness of the algorithms on locally smooth and rough data.
Efficient and Adaptive Node Selection for Target Tracking in Wireless Sensor Network (2015)

In target tracking wireless sensor network, choosing the proper working nodes can not only minimize the number of active nodes, but also satisfy the tracking reliability requirement. However, most existing works focus on selecting sensor nodes which are the nearest to the target for tracking missions and they did not consider the correlation of the location of the sensor nodes so that these approaches can not meet all the goals of the network. This work proposes an efficient and adaptive node selection approach for tracking a target in a distributed wireless sensor network. The proposed approach combines the distance-based node selection strategy and particle filter prediction considering the spatial correlation of the different sensing nodes. Moreover, a joint distance weighted measurement is proposed to estimate the information utility of sensing nodes. Experimental results show that EANS outperformed the state-of-the-art approaches by reducing the energy cost and computational complexity as well as guaranteeing the tracking accuracy.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Reaction of 3‐Hydroxyhexa‐4,5‐allenic Esters: A Novel Access to Diversely Substituted 2H‐Pyran‐2‐ones and Indenes. (2012)

Abstract A novel method is elaborated for the preparation of substituted pyran‐2‐ones (II) by H 2 SO 4 ‐catalyzed domino reaction of esters (I).
The spin‐coating process mechanism related to polymer solution properties (1988)

Abstract Coating the substrate with an amorphous polymer layer is a very common process in the manufacturing of integrated circuits, but the fundamental spin‐coating mechanism has not yet been precisely determined. This study examines the influence of the macromolecular characteristics on the spin‐coating process both experimentally and from a phenomenological point of view. It is concluded that the weight‐average molecular weight of the spun‐on solution is a pertinent parameter, and that chain entanglements in polymer solutions may be considered as the basic phenomenon responsible for the formation of the solid polymer layer.
Where to park? minimizing the expected time to find a parking space (2015)

Quickly finding a free parking spot that is close to a desired target location can be a difficult task. This holds for human drivers and autonomous cars alike. In this paper, we investigate the problem of predicting the occupancy of parking spaces and exploiting this information during route planning. We propose an MDP-based planner that considers route information as well as the occupancy probabilities of parking spaces to compute the path that minimizes the expected total time for finding an unoccupied parking space and for walking from the parking location to the target destination. We evaluated our system on real world data gathered over several days in a real parking lot. We furthermore compare our approach to three parking strategies and show that our method outperforms the alternative behaviors.
Epithelial crosstalk at the microbiota–mucosal interface (2010)

This article provides an overview of how intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) recognize commensals and how they maintain host-bacterial symbiosis. Endocrine, goblet cells, and enterocytes of the intestinal epithelium express a range of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) to sense the presence of microbes. The best characterized are the Toll-like receptors (TLR) and nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptors (NLR), which play a key role in pathogen recognition and the induction of innate effectors and inflammation. Several adaptations of PRR signaling have evolved in the gut to avoid uncontrolled and potentially destructive inflammatory responses toward the resident microbiota. PRR signaling in IEC serve to maintain the barrier functions of the epithelium, including the production of secretory IgA (sIgA). Additionally, IECs play a cardinal role in setting the immunosuppressive tone of the mucosa to inhibit overreaction against innocuous luminal antigens. This includes regulation of dendritic cells (DC), macrophage and lymphocyte functions by epithelial secreted cytokines. These immune mechanisms depend heavily on IEC recognition of microbes and are consistent with several studies in knockout mice that demonstrate TLR signaling in the epithelium has a profoundly beneficial role in maintaining homeostasis.
Data construction method for the analysis of the spatial distribution of disastrous earthquakes in Taiwan (2009)

Abstract Considering a disastrous earthquake as a rare event, the aim of this study is to apply the proposed data construction method (DCM) to determine the possible distribution pattern of disastrous earthquakes in Taiwan. Owing to the availability of only a limited amount of data and based on the multiset division of DCM, virtual samples have been generated. The procedure is illustrated by a numerical experiment that consists of data from 12 disastrous earthquakes in Taiwan from 1990 to 1999. The results show that the pattern constructed by DCM is geologically consistent with the actual phenomenon, which was caused by the collision of the Philippine Sea Plate and the Eurasian Continental Plate. A case study of disastrous earthquakes in East Taiwan is then conducted by studying three near‐source regions. Based on the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test, the constructed spatial distribution has shown its validity and capability in providing useful information for the risk assessment of disastrous earthquakes as rare events.
Dysfunction of Endothelial Protein C Activation in Severe Meningococcal Sepsis (2001)

In severe meningococcal sepsis, protein C activation is impaired, a finding consistent with down-regulation of the endothelial thrombomodulin-endothelial protein C receptor pathway.
Role of deposition parameters on the photovoltaic quality of amorphous silicon germanium alloys: correlation of microstructure with defect density and electronic transport (2001)

Commonly, the germane fraction (f = flowrateofGeH4/flowrateofSiH4 + GeH4) is changed to vary the optical gap (Eopt) of amorphous silicon germanium alloy (a-SiGe:H) films. We report that for a particular f, the change of deposition conditions, the flow rate of diluent gas (H2) and the radiofrequency (rf) power density can vary the optical gap (1.67-1.40 eV), the germanium content (41.3-22.5 at%) and the microstructural defect density (0.92-0.42), the mobility lifetime product (ηµτ; 6.81×10-6-1.46×10-8 cm2 V-1) in a wide range. Initially, with the increase of the H2 flow rate up to 20 SCCM for the rf power density of 60 mW cm-2 and up to 30 SCCM for the rf power density of 30 mW cm-2, the microstructural defects decreases, although, the Ge content of a-SiGe:H films increases. The microstructural defects of a-SiGe:H films becomes a direct function of the midgap defect density and a indirect function of ηµτ. Moreover, the nature of diluent gas is also important. We present that in a wide range of optical gap (1.74-1.36 eV) the defect density is lower, and ηµτ is higher for the optimized He diluted film compared to those of the optimized H2 diluted films.
ORACLE8/8I FOR DEVELOPERS: WHAT YOU NEED TO KNOW… (2000)

Oracle8 and Oracle8i offer many new and enhanced features to application developers. This presentation provides an overview of major new features and how they may be used to address business and technical issues. Several examples of new features are included. In addition to understanding the potential of Oracle8/8i, current Oracle database users will learn what they need to know to begin assessing the impact of implementing Oracle8/8i in their own environments.
Aeroacoustic performance of a scoop inlet (1977)

A low speed wind tunnel test demonstrated the aerodynamic and acoustic performance of a scoop inlet. Engine noise is directed upward by the extended lower lip of the scoop inlet. In addition, more of the scoop airflow comes in from above the inlet than below, leading to relatively higher surface velocities on the upper lip and lower surface velocities on the lower lip. These lower velocities on the lower lip result in a higher attainable angle of attack before internal flow separation occurs.
Comparative study of plasminogen activators in cancers and normal mucosae of human urinary bladder. (1989)

We have developed a highly sensitive sandwich enzyme immunoassay for determination of urokinase-type plasminogen activator (u-PA) and tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) antigen levels in extracts of human tissues. We determined antigen levels of PAs in extracts of 31 primary cancers and 15 normal mucosal tissues of the urinary bladder using this method. U-PA antigen levels in extracts of bladder cancers were significantly higher than those in normal tissues (p less than 0.005). U-PA antigen levels significantly increased as histological grading of malignancy advanced. There was no correlation between t-PA antigen level and malignancy. These results indicate that an increase of u-PA antigen level may be a parameter of malignant transformation and may play an important role in invasiveness of cancer.
The structures of the highly modified peptide antibiotics micrococcin P1 and P2 (1978)

B. W. Bycroft and M. S. Gowland, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1978, 256 DOI: 10.1039/C39780000256
Characterization of the Signal Transduction Pathway Activated in Human Monocytes and Dendritic Cells by MPIF-1, a Specific Ligand for CC Chemokine Receptor 1 (1999)

The receptor specificity and signal transduction pathway has been identified and characterized for a truncated form of myeloid progenitor inhibitory factor-1 (MPIF-1(24-99)). MPIF-1 binds specifically to sites, in particular CCR1, shared with macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha (MIP-1alpha) on the surface of human monocytes and dendritic cells, as inferred by its ability to compete for [125I]MIP-1alpha, but not for [125I]MIP-1beta or [125I]monocyte chemotactic protein-1(MCP-1) binding to intact cells. Based on calcium flux, MPIF-1 is an agonist on CCR1-transfected HEK-293 cells, monocytes, and dendritic cells, but not on CCR5-, CCR8-, or CX3CR1-transfected cells. The inhibitory effect of guanosine 5'-O-(3-thio-triphosphate) (GTP-gammaS) or pertussis toxin pretreatment on MPIF-1 binding and calcium mobilization, respectively, indicates the involvement of G proteins in the interaction of MPIF-1 and its receptor(s). The increase in intracellular free calcium concentration following MPIF-1 treatment is mainly due to the influx of calcium from an extracellular pool. However, a portion of the intracellular free calcium concentration is derived from a phospholipase C inhibitor-sensitive intracellular pool. MPIF-1 induces a rapid dose-dependent release of [3H]arachidonic acid from monocytes that is dependent on extracellular calcium and is blocked by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) inhibitors. Furthermore, PLA2 activation is shown to be necessary for filamentous actin formation in monocytes. Thus, the MPIF-1 signal transduction pathway appears to include binding to CCR1; transduction by G proteins; effector function by phospholipase C, protein kinase C, calcium flux, and PLA2; and cytoskeletal remodeling.
Integrating satellite imagery and GIS into natural resource management (1993)

This paper demonstrates the utility of geographic information systems (GIS) and image processing as information tools in forest management. The application of GIS to address management issues of old-growth forest in the Pacific Northwest is used to assess the utility of GIS. Improvements in technology are considered, including improved resolution of the data from earth resources satellites. Computer hardware is becoming more cost-effective, and significant increases in operating speeds make interactive data processing much more responsive to management needs. Software is becoming more sophisticated and much more integrated so that vector and roster data sets are more easily used together. All of these improvements have made it possible to meet map accuracy standards and to identify sources and types of error occurring in thematic classification. This leads to three main types of use: (1) the combination of image data and GIS information to produce image maps, (2) the use of images from aircraft or satellites to update GIS information, and (3) the use of GIS data layers as ancillary information in image classification to increase accuracy and reliability. A variety of specific applications-including mapping and recording landscape characteristics using digital elevation models, updating maps, and identifying changes-is discussed. The present demand for these applications is seen as a small fraction of the future requirement for GIS information about land use and land management. Data capture and the generation of global data sets and management techniques are identified as issues of growing importance. These activities generate a growing need for training and support of GIS if the power of the technology is to be applied effectively to natural resources issues.
MOEMS deformable mirrors for focus control in vital microscopy (2011)

Deformable membrane mirrors are promising MOEMS devices for focus control and aberration correction in vital microscopy, offering high speed focus adjustment in an optical system that can be miniaturized for in vivo use. This paper describes mirrors comprising metalized polymer membranes suspended over three concentric circular electrodes for electrostatic actuation. The membranes are 2-μm thick and 3 mm in diameter, made from the fully cross-linked photoset epoxy SU-8 2002. A layer of SU-8 2025 is used to establish a 30-μm thick air gap between the electrodes and the membrane mirror. The membranes are actuated by applying voltage to each electrode individually to achieve displacement as large as 12 μm while minimizing spherical aberration. Surface deflection is studied using phase-shift interferometry under both static and dynamic excitation. Using the deformable MOEMS mirror for focus control in an optical microscope we demonstrate the ability to adjust the location of the focal plane by 85 μm using an N.A. = 0.75 optical system.
Evaluation of head injury criteria using a finite element model validated against experiments on localized brain motion, intracerebral acceleration, and intracranial pressure (2006)

Abstract The objective of the present study was to analyze the effect of different load directions and durations following impact using a finite element (FE) model of the human head. A detailed FE model of the human head was developed and validated against available cadaver experiment data for three impact directions (frontal, occipital, and lateral). Loads corresponding to the same impact power were imposed in different directions. Furthermore, the head injury criterion (HIC), the recently proposed head impact power (HIP) criterion, as well as peak angular acceleration, and change in angular and translational velocity were evaluated with respect to the strain in the central nervous system (CNS) tissue. A significant correlation was found between experiments and simulations with regard to intracranial pressure data for a short-duration impulse and intracerebral acceleration characteristics for a long-duration impulse with a high-angular component. However, a poor correlation with the simulations was found for the intracranial pressures for the long-duration impulse. This is thought to be a result of air introduced to the intracranial cavity during experimental testing. Smaller relative motion between the brain and skull results from lateral impact than from a frontal or occipital blow for both the experiments and FE simulations. It was found that the influence of impact direction had a substantial effect on the intracranial response. When evaluating the global kinematic injury measures for the rotational pulses, the change in angular velocity corresponded best with the intracranial strains found in the FE model. For the translational impulse, on the other hand, the HIC and the HIP showed the best correlation with the strain levels found in the model.
STRUCTURAL HEALTH-CARE (1999)

The combination of early detection of corrosion and the use of impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems, built in at the new construction stage, is often forgotten as an option to ensure the lasting durability of a reinforced concrete structure. This article describes one such project which was part of the process of constructing the Rambler Channel Rail Bridge, completed recently in Hong Kong. In 1995, C-Probe Technologies Ltd was awarded a contract with the main construction contractor Bouygues-Dragages HK on behalf of the Mass Transit Railway Corporation (MTRC) in Hong Kong. The scope of the works included the design, supply of specialist materials, intermittent support during construction, and commissioning of an ICCP system in the bridge. The aim was to provide at least 60 years of life for the outer reinforcement steel within marine pile caps. Construction occurred from 1995 to 1998, and the systems were fully commissioned in November 1998. At the same time, C-Probe was asked to provide design support, materials, and commissioning of monitoring of other bridge elements, to detect the ingress of chloride ions into the concrete and relate this data to corrosion. The article details some aspects of the ICCP system and its commissioning, and discusses related issues such as ship impact.
Novel Formulation Approaches for Dermal and Transdermal Delivery of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (2012)

Rheumatoid Arthritis -Treatment 26 2006). The most frequently used approach is to include penetration enhancers in formulations. In addition to penetration enhancers, there are studies available in which physical methods such as iontophoresis is used in improving of skin delivery of drugs The chapter deals with the classification and mechanisms of action of NSAIDs used in treatment of various rheumatic diseases as well as for osteoarthritis, low back pain and some joint diseases. The advantages of skin delivery of NSAIDs to target affected tissues and/or to achieve systemic effect are also emphasized. In particular, recent studies in which novel drug delivery systems were developed for dermal and transdermal administration of NSAIDs are summarized.
Kinetic and Diffusional Aspects of the Dissolution of Si in HF Solutions (2001)

The influence of temperature, HF concentration, and rotation rate on the photoanodic dissolution of a rotating disk n-type Si electrode in water/ethanol/HF solutions has been studied. The dissolution process was found to be under mixed kinetic and diffusion control. The overall reaction taking place at a current peak, characteristic for the anodic dissolution of Si in HF solutions, was split into two reactions: the anodic oxidation of Si to an oxide and the chemical dissolution of this oxide by HF. This dissolution reaction was second order in HF concentration. A Koutecky-Levich-like equation for a second order reaction was derived. The peak current was analyzed according to this equation. A good agreement between calculated and experimental data was obtained. © 2001 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Copper dual damascene wiring for sub-0.25 μm CMOS technology (2002)

Recently, IBM announced the implementation of a full copper interconnect scheme which will be manufactured on its high-performance 0.20 /spl mu/m CMOS products later this year. Features of this technology are presented here, as well as functional verification on CMOS chips. To reach this level, extensive yield, reliability, and stress testing had to be done on test and product-like chips, including those packaged into product modules. Data is presented from this testing, ranging from experiments designed to promote copper contamination of the MOS devices, to functional stressing of packaged SRAM modules. A fully-functional high-performance microprocessor with 6 levels of Cu wiring has also been demonstrated. The results in all areas are equal to or better than standards set by our current Al(Cu) wiring technology. This work demonstrates that the potential problems associated with copper wiring can be overcome to produce reliable and properly-functioning ULSI CMOS chips with a cost-effective, extendible process.
Absolute Method for the Assay of Oleuropein in Olive Oils by Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (2005)

Oleuropein (OLP, 1), the active ingredient present (i) in food integrators extracted from olive leaves, (ii) in table olives, and (iii) in extra virgin olive oils is a nutraceutical whose health benefits have been widely documented. A new analytical method for its assay, which is based on the utilization of atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry and on the use of a synthetic labeled analogue, the 4-trideuteriocarboxyoleuropein (2), as an internal standard, is presented. The results obtained with extra virgin olive oils from different cultivars and different Italian regions are discussed.