gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of the naturally occurring isomer of zearalenol produced by Fusarium roseum 'Gibbosum' in rice culture (1979)

One diastereomer of trans-zearalenol [2,4-dihydroxy-6-(6,10-dihydroxy-trans-1-undecenyl)-benzoic acid-mu-lactone] was isolated from cultures of Fusarium roseum 'Gibbosum.' This strongly estrogenic metabolite was identified by analysis of its mass spectrum and its behavior in thin-layer, high-pressure liquid and gas-liquid chromatographic systems. The concentration of zearalenol in cultures was 563 mu g/g, or 7% of the 8,000-mu g/g zearalenone content, while the two diastereomers of 8'-hydroxyzearalenone each occurred at 3% of the zearalenone level. Of the two possible diastereomers of zearalenol, the one occurring in cultures was identical to the low-melting-point (171 degrees C) isomer (alpha) obtained by synthesis. In the rat uterus bioassay, the alpha zearalenol isomer was three times more estrogenic than zearalenone while the beta isomer was equal in activity in zearalenone. The two diastereomers of zearalenol can be distinguished from each other by the intensity of the m/e+ 302 fragment of the mass spectrum of the pure underivatized compound.
Comparison of the safety and efficacy of a recombinant feline leukemia virus (FeLV) vaccine delivered transdermally and an inactivated FeLV vaccine delivered subcutaneously. (2004)

The efficacy of a new recombinant FeLV vaccine (rFeLV), delivered transdermally via a needle-free delivery device was compared to that of an inactivated FeLV vaccine (FeLV-k), administered subcutaneously, with a conventional needle and syringe. Kittens were immunized with either rFeLV (0.25 ml, transdermal) or FeLV-k (1 ml, subcutaneous); or they were sham-vaccinated with physiologic saline (0.25 ml, transdermal). Two vaccinations were administered 21 days apart. Injection sites were monitored for any acute or subacute reactions relative to vaccine administration. Four weeks following the final vaccination, all cats were subject to oro-nasal FeLV challenge. Blood was collected for determination of FeLV antigenemia (p27) at weekly intervals beginning three weeks post-challenge. All of the vaccinated cats from both groups resisted FeLV challenge; and 90% of the control cats developed persistent FeLV antigenemia in response to challenge. No acute or persistent injection site reactions were observed. The rFeLV, delivered transdermally, provides protection against persistent FeLV antigenemia following a robust challenge that is equivalent to that of FeLV-k.
Amino acid transport System A resembles System N in sequence but differs in mechanism (2000)

Classical amino acid transport System A accounts for most of the Na(+)-dependent neutral amino acid uptake by mammalian cells. System A has also provided a paradigm for short- and long-term regulation by physiological stimuli. We now report the isolation of a cDNA encoding System A that shows close similarity to the recently identified System N transporter (SN1). The System A transporter (SA1) and SN1 share many functional characteristics, including a marked sensitivity to low pH, but, unlike SN1, SA1 does not mediate proton exchange. Transport mediated by SA1 is also electrogenic. Amino acid transport Systems A and N thus appear closely related in function as well as structure, but exhibit important differences in ionic coupling.
Mass Calling Service (1992)

This paper describes NTT's Intelligent Network structure and the original technology employed to implement Mass Calling Service.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A Model of Induction for Specialised Residential Care (2006)

The Social Care Education and Training Project at the Dublin Institute of Technology is a four year project funded by the Department of Health and Children. The project has increased the number of students enrolled in social care courses at the Institute and delivers Continued Professional Development courses for workers in the specialised residential units. The article describes an induction model developed and delivered by the project team to new workers in the specialised residential units in the Dublin region although the course is suitable for all residential care settings. The evaluation suggests that the majority of participants found the induction module worthwhile because it had a positive effect on their professional practice and increased their self confidence. This supports the need for formal induction training for all new workers to ensure they perform their professional duties effectively as possible in their new working environment.
Recruitment filtering with personality-job fit model (2005)

Many job applications on the Web provide only simple Boolean comparison using only basic information requirements (i.e., degree, age) for searching and matching jobs to candidates. The net effect is too many 'hits'. We showed that personality is an important factor for the hiring process and satisfaction of employers and employees. In designing better filters for searching and matching a job application on the Web, we considered this factor with general job requirements and then combined it with our matching process. We have tested our model using data obtained from applicants who applied for jobs with a company in Thailand. The results show that we are able to give a better match than that achieved using basic qualifications only.
A Multi-Standard Digital Envelope Modulator for Polar Transmitters in 90nm CMOS (2007)

A multistandard digital envelope modulator for a polar transmitter has been designed in a 90 nm digital CMOS process for 802.11 a/b/g and Bluetooth medium-rate. The digital modulator reaches an output power of 9 dBm for 54 Mbit/s using 64 QAM and fulfilling EVM specifications and spectral mask requirements while consuming 108 mW. An output power of 14 dBm is reached for 3 Mbit/s Bluetooth Medium Rate at 204 mW power consumption. Due to 4-phase clocking, envelope aliases at the first, second and third clock harmonic are almost completely cancelled, without the need for envelope-data-interpolation.
Covalent modification and exfoliation of graphene oxide using ferrocene (2010)

Large scale preparation of single-layer graphene and graphene oxide is of great importance due to their potential applications. We report a simple room temperature method for the exfoliation of graphene oxide using covalent modification of graphene oxide with ferrocene to obtain single-layer graphene oxide sheets. The samples were characterized by FESEM, HRTEM, AFM, EDAX, FT-IR, Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopic studies. HRTEM micrograph of the covalently modified graphene oxide showed increased interlayer spacing of approximately 2.4 nm due to ferrocene intercalation. The presence of single-layer graphene oxide sheets were confirmed by AFM studies. The covalently modified ferrocene-graphene oxide composite showed interesting magnetic behavior.
Dammann Gratings For Laser Beam Shaping (1989)

Dammann gratings are binary phase gratings that are used to produce a one- or two-dimensional array of equal-intensity light spots. Recently, Dammann gratings have become of interest for their ability to provide the optical power supply to an array of optical logic devices from a single laser source. We present here a feasibility study of Dammann gratings, in which we consider several parameters that are important for the computation and fabrication of the gratings. As a result of this investigation we conclude that Dammann gratings are useful for array sizes up to about 40 x 40 spots. Above that size, problems with the computation of the gratings and with the resolution become dominant.
Structural Evolution of Gold Nanorods during Controlled Secondary Growth (2007)

Single-crystalline gold nanorods synthesized by the Ag(I)-mediated seeded-growth method (see: El-Sayed, M. A.; Nikoobakht, B. Chem. Mater. 2003, 15, 1957) were used as seeds for the preferential overgrowth of gold on particular crystallographic facets by systematic variation of the conditions during overgrowth. The results support previous reports about the relevance of the cationic surfactant cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and Ag(I) in stabilizing anisotropic particle shapes and demonstrate that the regulation of the amount of ascorbic acid facilitates the preferential overgrowth of {111} crystal facets to form Xi-type particle shapes. Interestingly, secondary overgrowth is found to inevitably result in a loss of particle shape anisotropy. A mechanism based on surface reconstruction is proposed to rationalize the "shape-reversal" that is generally observed in the nanorod growth process, that is, the initial increase and subsequent decrease of particle anisotropy with increasing reaction time. High-resolution electron microscopy analysis of gold nanorods reveals clear evidence for (1 x 2) missing row surface reconstruction of high energetic {110} facets that form during the initial phase during particle growth.
Highly Efficient True Random Number Generator in FPGA Devices Using Phase-Locked Loops (2015)

This paper presents a new type of True Random Number Generator (TRNG) based on jitter and metastability implemented in the latest family of Xilinx FPGA devices. The source of randomness is the Phase-Locked Loop (PLL) that is present on such devices, which exhibits jitter due to one of the analog component in it. For extracting the random bits the design uses the same clock as the PLL's input clock. The quality of the TRNG is given by the entropy source used, the single-chip implementation, and the high throughput (of the order of several megabits per second) obtained. It is confirmed by the fact that all the classical test batteries (NIST, DIEHARD, Test U01 and ENT) yielded very good results when ran on the generated random bits stream.
MANHATTAN DERMATOLOGIC SOCIETY (1939)

<h3>A Case for Diagnosis (Trophic Ulcer of the Nose? Dermatitis Factitia?). Presented by Dr. Maurice Costello.</h3> H. A., a man aged 46, was first seen by me in November 1938. He gave a history of sudden loss of speech and of sensation on the left side of his body several days before a diagnostic spinal puncture was performed. He stated that an ulcer appeared on the left side cf his nose on the following day. While in the hospital he complained of excessive sweating limited to the left half of his body. He had had a severe injury of the head twelve years before, accompanied with transitory hemiplegia on the left. The patient now presents an ulcerating lesion of the left nostril with some destruction of the ala nasi. He also has a proliferative ulcerating lesion on the septum, resulting in occlusion of the left nostril. There is beginning atrophy
Post trauma vision syndrome and visual midline shift syndrome (1996)

Following a neurological event such as a traumatic brain injury (TBI), cerebrovascular accident (CVA), multiple sclerosis (MS), etc. Vision imbalances can occur between affecting the focal and ambient visual process that can affect balance, posture, ambulation, reading, attention, concentration and cognitive function in general. Post Trauma Vision Syndrome (PTVS) and Visual Midline Shift Syndrome (VMSS) can be the cause of these difficulties. This paper discusses the symptoms and characteristics of these syndromes as well as methods of treatment.
Bifurcation analysis of inhibitory responses of A PWC spiking neuron model (2012)

A piece-wise constant (ab. PWC) spiking neuron model (ab. PWN) has a PWC vector field with a state-dependent reset and is designed to reproduce responses of neurons. Based on analysis techniques for discontinuous ODEs, the dynamics of inhibitory responses of the PWN can be reduced into an one-dimensional iterative map analytically. Using the map, it is shown that the PWN can reproduce bifurcation scenarios of inhibitory responses, which are qualitatively similar to those of the Izhikevich model. In addition, a typical bifurcation scenario can be observed in an actual hardware.
Tumor Stroma Interactions Induce Chemoresistance in Pancreatic Ductal Carcinoma Cells Involving Increased Secretion and Paracrine Effects of Nitric Oxide and Interleukin-1β (2004)

Pancreatic ductal carcinoma is characterized by a profound chemoresistance. As we have shown previously, these tumor cells can develop chemoresistance by interleukin (IL)-1beta in an autocrine and nuclear factor-kappaB-dependent fashion. Because pancreatic ductal carcinoma contains many mesenchymal stromal cells, we further investigated how tumor-stroma interactions contribute to chemoresistance by using a transwell coculture model, including murine pancreatic fibroblasts and the chemosensitive human pancreatic carcinoma cell lines T3M4 and PT45-P1. If cultured with fibroblast-conditioned medium or kept in coculture with fibroblasts, both cell lines became much less sensitive toward treatment with etoposide than cells cultured under standard conditions. Furthermore, the secretion of IL-1beta in T3M4 and PT45-P1 cells was increased by the fibroblasts, and IL-1beta-receptor blockade abolished the resistance-inducing effect during cocultivation. This stimulated IL-1beta secretion could be attributed to nitric oxide (NO) released by the fibroblasts as an IL-1beta-inducing factor. Although both tumor cells secreted only little NO, which was in line with undetectable inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, fibroblasts exhibited significant iNOS expression and NO secretion that could be further induced by the tumor cells. Incubation of T3M4 and PT45-P1 cells with the NO donor S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine up-regulated IL-1beta secretion and conferred resistance toward etoposide-induced apoptosis. Conversely, the resistance-inducing effect of the fibroblasts was significantly abolished, when the specific iNOS inhibitor aminoguanidine was added during coculture. Immunohistochemistry on tissue sections from human pancreatic ductal carcinoma also revealed iNOS expression in stromal cells and IL-1beta expression in tumor cells, thus supporting the in vitro findings. These data clearly demonstrate that fibroblasts contribute to the development of chemoresistance in pancreatic carcinoma cells via increased secretion of NO, which in turn leads to an elevated release of IL-1beta by the tumor cells. These findings substantiate the implication of tumor-stromal interactions in the chemoresistance of pancreatic carcinoma.
Efficient Amounts of Additives for Peptide Coupling Mediated by a Water-Soluble Carbodiimide in Aqueous Media (1997)

Abstract The optimal amounts of HOBt, HOSu, and HONb for enhancement of peptide coupling mediated by EDC in aqueous media were found to be less then equimolar against the C-component or the carbodiimide. A combination of EDC and 0.1 equimolar amount of HOBt was shown to be an effective coupling reagent under aqueous conditions.
Finger Position And Pressure Sensing Techniques For String And Keyboard Instruments (2013)

Several new technologies to capture motion, gesture and forces for musical instrument players' analyses have been developed in the last years. In research and for augmented instruments one parameter is underrepresented so far. It is finger position and pressure measurement, applied by the musician while playing the musical instrument. In this paper we show a flexible linear-potentiometer and forcesensitive-resistor (FSR) based solution for position, pressure and force sensing between the contact point of the fingers and the musical instrument. A flexible matrix printed circuit board (PCB) is fixed on a piano key. We further introduce linear potentiometer based left hand finger position sensing for string instruments, integrated into a violin and a guitar finger board. Several calibration and measurement scenarios are shown. The violin sensor was evaluated with 13 music students regarding playability and robustness of the system. Main focus was a the integration of the sensors into these two traditional musical instruments as unobtrusively as possible to keep natural haptic playing sensation. The musicians playing the violin in different performance situations stated good playability and no differences in the haptic sensation while playing. The piano sensor is rated, due to interviews after testing it in a conventional keyboard quite unobtrusive, too, but still evokes a different haptic sensation.
Temperature dependence of electrical properties of <i>n</i>- and <i>p</i>-type 3C-SiC (1987)

Electrical properties of unintentionally doped n-type and Al-doped p-type 3C-SiC layers, epitaxially grown on Si by chemical vapor deposition, have been investigated at temperatures between 10 and 1000 K. Activation energies of Al acceptors and residual donors obtained from the temperature dependence of carrier density are 160 and 18 meV, respectively. 40%–60% of Al acceptors in the p-type epilayers are compensated, and hole mobility is limited by acoustic phonon scattering above 300 K and by ionized impurity scattering below 250 K.
Identification of cis-diols as intermediates in the oxidation of aromatic acids by a strain of Pseudomonas putida that contains a TOL plasmid (1986)

Pseudomonas putida BG1 was isolated from soil by enrichment with p-toluate and selection for growth with p-xylene. Other hydrocarbons that served as growth substrates were toluene, m-xylene, 3-ethyltoluene, and 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene. The enzymes responsible for growth on these substrates are encoded by a large plasmid with properties similar to those of TOL plasmids isolated from other strains of Pseudomonas. Treatment of P. putida BG1 with nitrosoguanidine led to the isolation of a mutant strain which, when grown with fructose, oxidized both p-xylene and p-toluate to (-)-cis-1,2-dihydroxy-4-methylcyclohexa-3,5-diene-1-carboxylic acid (cis-p-toluate diol). The structure of the diol was determined by conventional chemical techniques including identification of the products formed by acid-catalyzed dehydration and characterization of a methyl ester derivative. The cis-relative stereochemistry of the hydroxyl groups was determined by the isolation and characterization of an isopropylidene derivative. p-Xylene-grown cells contained an inducible NAD+-dependent dehydrogenase which formed catechols from cis-p-toluate diol and the analogous acid diols formed from the other hydrocarbon substrates listed above. The catechols were converted to meta ring fission products by an inducible catechol-2,3-dioxygenase which was partially purified from p-xylene-grown cells of P. putida BG1.
Back contact monocrystalline thin-film silicon solar cells from the porous silicon process (2009)

We develop a back contact monocrystalline thin-film silicon solar cell using the porous silicon process. Laser processes are applied for all structuring steps. Thus no photolithography or other masking techniques are required. A single evaporation step is used to metallize the cell. Laser scribing is used for contact separation. The cell has a planar front surface, an area of 79.2 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and a cell thickness of 30 ¿m. We reach an efficiency of 13.5 %. The open-circuit voltage is 633 mV and the short-circuit current density is 28.7 mA/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Effect of Ethylenediaminetetraacetate upon the Surface of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1977)

The effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) on the envelope of two strains of Escherichia coli (B and Cla) was studied with freeze-fracturing methods. Untreated cells showed the outer membrane's outer surface with a fine texture of randomly spaced depressions of about 4.5-nm diameter; small areas with symmetrical arrangements of structural surface elements were also observed. The outer membrane's fracture plane revealed a random distribution of particles on its "concave" plane, only occasionally interrupted by particle-free areas. The "convex" aspect of the outer membrane's fracture plane showed only a few scattered particles. The cleavage plane of the inner membrane was often interrupted by many localized elevated plateaus, at which the cleaving process had, for short distances, switched to the outer membrane. The effects of EDTA treatment were mainly seen in the structure of the freeze-etched outer membrane: (i) the pits as well as the symmetrical surface elements of the outer membrane's outer surface had disappeared; (ii) a number of plateaus (about 20 to 50/cell) were seen at which a cleavage plane within the inner membrane had switched to the hydrophobic portion of the outer membrane (outer membrane's fracture plane). These plateaus were also visible in untreated cells; however, EDTA treatment apparently caused an increased exposure of plateaus. Surface areas, exposed by freeze-etching, revealed the underlying plateaus as elevations in the surface contour of the cell, suggesting a slower etching rate in the zones of the plateaus relative to the rest of the outer membrane. Well-defined, particle-free patches in the outer membrane's fracture plane, concave, were more frequent and larger in size after EDTA treatment than in the controls. In the presence of glycerol, the cells often cleaved in the outer membrane's fracture plane, but isolated plateaus were rarely observed. After metabolic poisoning of cells for 15 to 25 min at 37 degrees C, the plateaus had widened. These data suggest that the material of the plateaus has a slow rate of lateral diffusion. Placement of EDTA-treated cells in fresh medium at 37 degrees C caused, after 3 to 5 min, the reoccurrence of the pitted surface structure. We propose that the plateaus represent localized zones, at which newly synthesized lipopolysaccharide has been inserted.