gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The phosphatidylserine receptor has essential functions during embryogenesis but not in apoptotic cell removal (2004)

Ptdsr is essential for the development and differentiation of multiple organs during embryogenesis but not for apoptotic cell removal. Ptdsr may thus have a novel, unexpected developmental function as an important differentiation-promoting gene. Moreover, Ptdsr is not required for apoptotic cell clearance by macrophages but seems to be necessary for the regulation of macrophage cytokine responses. These results clearly contradict the current view that the phosphatidylserine receptor primarily functions in apoptotic cell clearance.
Propranolol Inhibition of Renin Secretion (1972)

The antihypertensive effect and mechanism of propranolol were studied in 47 hypertensive patients classified according to high, normal, or low plasma renin activity. The drug was uniformly effective in 13 patients with high renin activity and malignant, renovascular, or essential hypertension, producing a mean fall in diastolic pressure of 30 mm of mercury. In 22 with normal renin, propranolol reduced mean diastolic pressure by 20 mm of mercury, but individual responses were less consistent. In contrast, the drug was uniformly ineffective in the 12 patients with low-renin essential hypertension. In all three groups, the action of propranolol closely correlated with both the control renin levels and the degree of renin suppression produced. Propranolol usually suppressed aldosterone secretion but to a lesser extent than it did renin, perhaps because of a hyperkalemic effect of the drug. These special effects of propranolol in renin-dependent hypertensions point to the possibility of an associated neurogenic mechanism in these patients.
Bacterial lipopolysaccharide stimulates protein tyrosine phosphorylation in macrophages. (1991)

Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a membrane component of Gram-negative bacteria, stimulates immune responses by activating macrophages, B lymphocytes, and other cells of the immune system. The mechanisms by which LPS activates these cells are poorly characterized. Since protein tyrosine phosphorylation appears to be a major intracellular signaling event that mediates cellular responses, we examined whether LPS alters tyrosine phosphorylation in macrophages. We found that Escherichia coli K235 LPS increased tyrosine phosphorylation of several proteins in the RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cell line and in resident peritoneal macrophages from C3H/HeSNJ mice. Changes in tyrosine phosphorylation were detectable by 4-5 min, reached a maximum by 15 min, and declined after 30-60 min. Protein tyrosine phosphorylation increased following stimulation with LPS at 100 pg/ml and was maximal with 10 ng/ml. Similar changes in tyrosine phosphorylation were induced by Salmonella minnesota R595 LPS and by the biologically active domain of LPS, lipid A, but not by the inactive lipid A derivative N2-monoacylglucosamine 1-phosphate. Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate also stimulated protein tyrosine phosphorylation, but some of the modulated proteins were different than those phosphorylated by LPS. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, herbimycin A, inhibited both LPS-stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation and LPS-stimulated release of arachidonic acid metabolites. Thus, increased protein tyrosine phosphorylation is a rapid LPS-activated signaling event that may mediate release of arachidonic acid metabolites in RAW 264.7 cells.
The Recognition of Facial Expressions Based on Tracking of Movement of Specific Facial Areas from Reference Face (2002)

Several researchers have recently attempted automatic recognition and tracking of the facial expressions in video frames. However, it is very hard to extract facial movement because the distinction between facial movement and head movement is difficult to make. It is necessary to make the initialization of the head position using the central points of each eye and the tip of the nose in order to solve this distinction problem. The tracking of facial movements is made in comparison between the neutral face and the expressive face. The detection of neutral face is done with the condition, “facial movement is very small within the limited interval”. However, some expressive face were also detected as a neutral face. Therefore, the function to evaluate the detected neutral face is adopted to correct the false detection of a neutral face. The transition of facial expressions can be recognized by means of the detected reference face (neutral face) and the recognition algorithm constructed to the fuzzy expert system with flow of application of rules.
Mermaid—A front-end to distributed heterogeneous databases (1987)

Mermaid is a system that allows the user of multiple databases stored under various relational DBMSs running on different machines to manipulate the data using a common language, either ARIEL or SQL. It makes the complexity of this distributed, heterogeneous data processing transparent to the user. In this paper, we describe the architecture, system control, user interface, language and schema translation, query optimization, and network operation of the Mermaid system. Future research issues are also addressed.
Thermodynamic limits of quantum photovoltaic cell efficiency (2007)

The intermediate band solar cell has been proposed as an ultrahigh efficiency source of energy due to the possibility of absorption of two sequential sub-band-gap photons to excite charge from a quantum confined (e.g., quantum dot or well) region into the large band gap barrier region [A. Luque and A. Martí, Phys. Rev. Lett. 78, 5014 (1997)]. Unfortunately, high efficiencies using this structure have not yet been realized. Here, we analyze the fundamental limits to power generation in quantum solar cells. When a difference in quasi-Fermi energies between the barrier and the quantum well regions exists due to the presence of photogenerated charge, an upper efficiency limit of 44.5% is achievable due to single photon absorption only. This efficiency is significantly higher than the Shockley-Queisser limit of ∼31% for homojunction cells, but remains below that predicted for two photon excitation (&gt;63%) previously predicted for quantum cells.
Vacancy-related complexes in neutron-irradiated silicon (2005)

Electrically active defects induced by neutron irradiation in n-type Czochralski-grown (Cz) Si crystals have been studied by means of capacitance transient techniques. These neutron-induced defects are compared with those created by electron irradiation and self-ion implantation. Four electron traps with the activation energies for electron emission of 0.12, 0.16, 0.24 and 0.42 eV were observed after neutron irradiation in phosphorous-doped Cz Si crystals. It is inferred that the E(0.12) and E(0.16) traps are related to the single-acceptor states of the silicon self-interstitial-oxygen dimer complex (IO<sub>2i</sub>) and the vacancy-oxygen pair (VO), respectively. The E(0.24) trap is associated with the electron emission from the double-acceptor state of the divacancy (V<sub>2</sub>). However, an asymmetric peak with its maximum at around 220 K and an activation energy for electron emission of 0.42 eV dominated the spectra. We used high resolution Laplace DLTS to investigate the structure of E(0.42) and found that this signal is complex, consisting of contributions from several defects. From the annealing behaviour, it was revealed that as some of these defects anneal out they are sources of vacancies evidenced by an increase in the concentration of VO and V<sub>2</sub>. It is suggested that some of the defects contributing to the E(0.42) peak are related to small vacancy clusters.
Nuclear processing and export of microRNAs in <i>Arabidopsis</i> (2005)

In mammalian cells, the nuclear export receptor, Exportin 5 (Exp5), exports pre-microRNAs (pre-miRNAs) as well as tRNAs into the cytoplasm. In this study, we examined the function of HASTY (HST), the Arabidopsis ortholog of Exp5, in the biogenesis of miRNAs and tRNAs. In contrast to mammals, we found that miRNAs exist as single-stranded 20- to 21-nt molecules in the nucleus in Arabidopsis. This observation is consistent with previous studies indicating that proteins involved in miRNA biogenesis are located in the nucleus in Arabidopsis. Although miRNAs exist in the nucleus, a majority accumulate in the cytoplasm. Interestingly, loss-of-function mutations in HST reduced the accumulation of most miRNAs but had no effect on the accumulation of tRNAs and endogenous small interfering RNAs, or on transgene silencing. In contrast, a mutation in PAUSED (PSD), the Arabidopsis ortholog of the tRNA export receptor, Exportin-t, interfered with the processing of tRNA-Tyr but did not affect the accumulation or nuclear export of miRNAs. These results demonstrate that HST and PSD do not share RNA cargos in nuclear export and strongly suggest that there are multiple nuclear export pathways for these small RNAs in Arabidopsis.
The Early Detection of DDoS Based on the Persistent Increment Feature of the Traffic Volume (2008)

One of the major threats to cyber security is distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks. In this paper, we propose a new algorithm based on the persistent increment tendency of DDoS traffic. Our scheme can detect a DDoS attack in its early stages when the attacking packet's attribute value has no distinct features. It can differentiate DDoS from flash crowd traffic. This scheme detects DDoS attacks with on-line and distributed characteristics. Simulation shows the algorithm's validity and accuracy.
Gelatinization and Solubility of Corn Starch during Heating in Excess Water:  New Insights (2006)

Starch gelatinization is associated with the disruption of granular structure causing starch molecules to disperse in water. This study was designed to examine starch granules as they were heated in water, and their resulting morphological, structural, and solubility traits. The results indicate that starch gelatinization is a more complex process than the previously suggested order-to-disorder transition. The energy absorbed by the granules facilitates the rearrangement or formation of new bonds among molecules prior to the temperatures normally associated with the melting of amylopectin crystallites during gelatinization. It is also evident that amylose plays an important role during the initial stages of corn starch gelatinization.
Energy Harvesting, Ride Comfort, and Road Handling of Regenerative Vehicle Suspensions (2013)

This paper presents a comprehensive assessment of the power that is available for harvesting in the vehicle suspension system and the tradeoff among energy harvesting, ride comfort, and road handing with analysis, simulations, and experiments. The excitation from road irregularity is modeled as a stationary random process with road roughness suggested in the ISO standard. The concept of system H2 norm is used to obtain the mean value of power generation and the root mean square values of vehicle body acceleration (ride quality) and dynamic tire-ground contact force (road handling). For a quarter car model, an analytical solution of the mean power is obtained. The influence of road roughness, vehicle speed, suspension stiffness, shock absorber damping, tire stiffness, and the wheel and chasses masses to the vehicle performances and harvestable power are studied. Experiments are carried out to verify the theoretical analysis. The results suggest that road roughness, tire stiffness, and vehicle driving speed have great influence on the harvesting power potential, where the suspension stiffness, absorber damping, and vehicle masses are insensitive. At 60 mph on good and average roads, 100–400 W average power is available in the suspensions of a middle-sized vehicle.
Flexible machine tool control for direct, in-process dimensional part inspection (2004)

For some time now coordinate measuring machines have been an integral part of the shop floor. The goal has been to make coordinate measuring machines (CMMs) into tools that can easily be used by machinists to improve their manufacturing capabilities. The value of a CMM as a quality control tool is undisputed. Now efforts are being made to further reduce the time and cost of measurement by reducing the physical distance between machining and measuring processes. The ability to reduce that distance to zero and measure a part directly on the chip-making machine has been a goal for many years. Dimensional inspection of parts is primarily conducted by coordinate measuring machines operating on motion instructions from task planning software. The research in direct machining and control (DMAC) at BYU has identified a potential application of CMM technologies on existing machine tools. To prove that a machine tool can be controlled as a CMM with the DMAC controller, this research will integrate the software package PC-DMIS provided by Wilcox Associates, Inc. with a DMAC controller provided by Direct Controls, Inc. to conduct in-process dimensional inspection of parts as they are being machined. This process is referred to as DirectCMM because it will link the DMAC controller directly to PC-DMIS without need for post-processing. This thesis will lay the groundwork for future efforts at developing systems that utilize in-process part inspection to dynamically correct computer aided manufacturing (CAM) process plans. To aid future efforts at dynamic CAM process updating, a software interface specification will be created for passing measurement data between CMM and CAD/CAM software packages. A CMM control specification will also be created to provide a standard method for controlling coordinate measuring machines with the DMAC controller. Possible methods for dynamic CAD/CAM updating will be explored.
Active noise control-from research to reality (2002)

This paper traces the development of active noise control (ANC) from its origins in the University Research Laboratories, to its fulfilment in revenue service with airlines. It begins by identifying the need for ANC in terms of quietening the noise from turboprop or turbojet engines, and proceeds to develop the requirements for a viable ANC system. The algorithm used for controlling noise is described, especially its ability to control many independent tones and tones that fluctuate in frequency and amplitude. The system design is described, detailing those features included in the system to make it easy to use, followed by an outline of the hardware used to implement the system. The method of installing, calibrating, and trialling the system is detailed, concluding with the results from a recent set of flight trials.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Introduction to high temperature oxidation of metals (1983)

Introduction to high temperature oxidation of metals , Introduction to high temperature oxidation of metals , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
In Vitro Susceptibilities of <i>Candida</i> spp. to Caspofungin: Four Years of Global Surveillance (2006)

Caspofungin is being used increasingly as therapy for invasive candidiasis. Prospective sentinel surveillance for emergence of in vitro resistance to caspofungin among invasive Candida spp. isolates is indicated. We determined the in vitro activity of caspofungin against 8,197 invasive (bloodstream or sterile-site) unique patient isolates of Candida collected from 91 medical centers worldwide from 1 January 2001 to 31 December 2004. We performed antifungal susceptibility testing according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI, formerly NCCLS) M27-A2 method and used a 24-h prominent inhibition endpoint for determination of the MIC. Of 8,197 invasive Candida spp. isolates, species distribution was as follows: 54% Candida albicans, 14% C. glabrata, 14% C. parapsilosis, 11% C. tropicalis, 3% C. krusei, and 4% other Candida spp. Overall, caspofungin was very active against Candida (MIC50/MIC90, 0.03/0.25 microg/ml; 98.2% were inhibited at a MIC of < or = 0.5 microg/ml and 99.7% were inhibited at a MIC of < or = 1 microg/ml). Results by species (expressed as MIC50/MIC90 and the percentage inhibited at < or = 1 microg/ml) were as follows: C. albicans, 0.03/0.06, 99.9; C. glabrata, 0.03/0.06, 99.9; C. parapsilosis, 0.5/0.5, 99.0; C. tropicalis, 0.03/0.06, 99.7; C. krusei, 0.12/0.5, 99.0; and C. guilliermondii, 0.5/1, 94.4. Of the 25 isolates with caspofungin MICs of >1 microg/ml, 12 isolates were C. parapsilosis, 6 isolates were C. guilliermondii, 2 isolates were C. rugosa, and 1 isolate each was C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei, C. lusitaniae, and C. tropicalis. There was no significant change in caspofungin activity over the 4-year study period. Likewise, there was no difference in activity by geographic region. Caspofungin has excellent in vitro activity against invasive clinical isolates of Candida from centers worldwide. Our prospective sentinel surveillance reveals no evidence of emerging caspofungin resistance among invasive clinical isolates of Candida.
A simple method for converting oxirans into thiirans stereospecifically (1975)

V. Calō, L. Lopez, L. Marchese and G. Pesce, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1975, 621b DOI: 10.1039/C3975000621B
Differential modulated pilot symbol assisted adaptive OFDM for reducing the MLI (2004)

In an AMS/OFDM system, base station is in control of the modulation level of each subcarriers and then, adaptive modulated packet is transmitted from the base station to the mobile station. In this case, the mobile station is required the modulation level information (MLI) to demodulate the received packet. The MLI is generally transmitted as a data symbol therefore the throughput is degraded. Moreover, it is necessary to have some transmission delay times and the processing time to make an adaptive modulation command (AMC) using feedback information (FBI). With the FBI delay and processing time, the system performance might be degraded. To reduce these problems, in this paper, we propose a differential modulated pilot symbol assisted adaptive OFDM for reducing the MLI.
Constituents of <i>Eupomatia</i> species. IV. Structure and synthesis of eupolauridine (EL base-1) and some observations on the structures of eupolauramine (EL base-2) and hydroxyeupolauramine (EL base-3) (1975)

On the assumption that eupolauridine (EL base-1), eupolauramine (EL base-2) and hydroxyeupolaur-amine (EL base-3) were structurally related, a consideration of the spectral properties of the alkaloids suggested that eupolauridine was 3,4-diazafluoranthene. This base was synthesized but found to be different from eupolauridine. However, 1,6- diazafluoranthene, which was also synthesized, was identical with eupolauridine. With the two synthetic bases available in quantity it was possible to show that eupolauramine and hydroxyeupolauramine were not related to either of them.
Community mining in signed networks (2013)

Community detection in signed complex networks is a challenging research problem aiming at finding groups of entities having positive connections within the same cluster and negative relationships between different clusters. Most of the proposed approaches have been developed for networks having only positive edges. In this paper we propose a multiobjective approach to detect communities in signed networks. The method partitions a network in groups of nodes such that two objectives are contemporarily optimized. The former is that the partitioning should have dense positive intra-connections and sparse negative interconnections, the latter is that it should have as few as possible negative intra-connections and positive inter-connections. We show that the concepts of signed modularity and frustration fulfill these objectives, and that the maximization of signed modularity and the minimization of frustration allow to obtain very good solutions to the problem. An extensive set of experiments on both real-life and synthetic signed networks shows the efficacy of the approach.
Rotation measurement with the use of a pulsed Er-doped fiber laser with integrated optic circuit: Proposal, simple theory, and experiment (1997)

We propose a novel pulsed fiber laser rotation sensor with a LiNbO3 integrated optic circuit, Sagnac fiber loop, Er-doped fiber, and semiconductor pumping lasers. A simple analysis is completed and the output equation is derived. The variance of the output pulse when rotation occurs is also analyzed. In addition, we also conducted a related experiment for rotation measurement. When the gain of the fiber amplifier is over the round-trip loss and the phase modulation frequency satisfies the total round-trip time, this optical system produces the laser emission in a pulse state. The rotation rate is measured from the shift of the peak position of the output pulse. It is shown that the resolution of rotation measurement increases if we use a smaller phase modulation depth. But the sharpness of the optical pulse must be maintained by reducing the losses (or increasing the gain of optical amplifier) in the whole optical system. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 15: 311–315, 1997.
A Calorimetric Study on the Precipitation of T<sub>1</sub> Phase during the Ageing of an Al-Li-Cu-Zr Alloy (2008)

This DOI is not currently attached to any metadata records. DOIs can’t actually ever be deleted (they’re persistent), but sometimes our members create DOIs in error. We do have a process to approximate deletion which we follow only in rare cases where the DOI has been genuinely created in error, and most crucially, if the DOI has never been published anywhere online or in print and never otherwise distributed to or communicated with anyone (authors, readers, reviewers, etc.
Possible Application of MPW Effect for Sensitive Acceleration Measurements (2004)

This paper examines the "magnetic potential well" effect by the example of two ring-shaped superconductive coils. This effect allows us to create a noncontact magnetic suspension of one coil and to define its movements by measuring the current in the stationary coil. It is shown that the system of these two coils is unstable with respect to the tilt angle. The new construction of the levitated coil, which allows us to create the completely stable suspension is examined. The solution of the equation of test mass motion and the acceleration-to-current transfer function for low-frequency acceleration are found. The other type of superconducting accelerometer is briefly described for comparison.
Isolation of Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors from<i>Glycyrrhiza uralensis</i>Roots and the Structure-Activity Relationship (1987)

Two active compounds that inhibit the mitochondrial monoamine oxidase (MAO) of rat liver were isolated from Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots and identified as liquiritigenin and isoliquiritigenin. The latter compound was more active than the former, showing a substrate-competitive inhibition of MAO (Ki = 2.11 µM). Studies on the structure-activity relationship suggested that the inhibitory activity of the chalcone derivatives can be attributed to either 4- or 4′-hydroxy group and the possible coplanarity between the phenyl ring and the adjacent conjugated ketone.
Clinical outcomes of patients with rheumatoid arthritis after switching from infliximab to etanercept. (2004)

Etanercept, a soluble tumor necrosis factor (TNF) receptor, provided a well tolerated and effective treatment option for some patients even when infliximab, a monoclonal antibody to TNF, had been ineffective.