gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Control of feral cats for nature conservation. IV. Population dynamics and morphological attributes of feral cats at Shark Bay, Western Australia (2005)

The dynamics of feral cats (Felis catus) were assessed at Shark Bay at two adjoining sites subject to differing intensities of predator control. The Heirisson Prong conservation reserve (12 km2) was fenced to exclude predators and was subject to intensive control actions, while a portion of the adjoining Carrarang pastoral lease (60 km2) was subject to a lesser level of control. Foxes (Vulpes vulpes) were largely absent at both sites owing to effective control. Densities of cats were highly variable over time, showing strong annual fluctuations over 14 years of records Three independent estimates of peak density were made, varying between 1.5 and 2.8 km–2. Rate of increase was assessed as 0.98 on the pastoral lease and 0.99 on the conservation reserve (to give an approximate doubling of the population every 8.5 months). A logistic model, with K = 1.5 km–2 and r of 0.98, gave a maximum sustained yield of 0.37 cats km–2 year–1 and a harvest rate of &gt;0.6 cats km–2 year–1 for their elimination in 5 years or less (for K = 2.8 km–2, these values increase to 0.69 and &gt;1.05 km–2 year–1 respectively). Harvest outcomes at both sites were consistent with these models. However, the effort required to maintain a given offtake rate increased 6-fold at low cat densities and offtake by trapping as a function of cat density took the form of a Type 3 functional response. The functional response for cat trapping (the offtake with constant effort per unit time) overlaid against the curve of cat productivity suggested a stable equilibrium point at low cat densities (0.07–0.13 cats km–2). Hence, trapping effort needed to be greatly intensified at low cat densities and/or augmented by other methods of control to eradicate cats from the closed system of the reserve. The strongly male-biased sex ratio of captures at the barrier fence suggested high levels of reinvasion from beyond the harvested area of the pastoral lease and this made effective control in this open system difficult.
Vulnerability assessment and defense technology for smart home cybersecurity considering pricing cyberattacks (2014)

Smart home, which controls the end use of the power grid, has become a critical component in the smart grid infrastructure. In a smart home system, the advanced metering infrastructure (AMI) is used to connect smart meters with the power system and the communication system of a smart grid. The electricity pricing information is transmitted from the utility to the local community, and then broadcast through wired or wireless networks to each smart meter within AMI. In this work, the vulnerability of the above process is assessed. Two closely related pricing cyberattacks which manipulate the guideline electricity prices received at smart meters are considered and they aim at reducing the expense of the cyberattacker and increasing the peak energy usage in the local community. A countermeasure technique which uses support vector regression and impact difference for detecting anomaly pricing is then proposed. These pricing cyberattacks explore the interdependance between the transmitted electricity pricing in the communication system and the energy load in the power system, which are the first such cyber-attacks in the smart home context. Our simulation results demonstrate that the pricing cyberattack can reduce the attacker's bill by 34.3% at the cost of the increase of others' bill by 7.9% on average. In addition, the pricing cyberattack can unbalance the energy load of the local power system as it increases the peak to average ratio by 35.7%. Furthermore, our simulation results show that the proposed countermeasure technique can effectively detect the electricity pricing manipulation.
Expression of <i>Aedes</i> trypsin-modulating oostatic factor on the virion of TMV: A potential larvicide (2006)

We report the engineering of the surface of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) virion with a mosquito decapeptide hormone, trypsin-modulating oostatic factor (TMOF). The TMV coat protein (CP) was fused to TMOF at the C terminus by using a read-through, leaky stop codon that facilitated expression of CP and chimeric CP-TMOF (20:1 ratio) that were coassembled into virus particles in infected Nicotiana tabacum. Plants that were infected with the hybrid TMV RNA accumulated TMOF to levels of 1.3% of total soluble protein. Infected tobacco leaf discs that were fed to Heliothis virescens fourth-instar larvae stunted their growth and inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin activity in their midgut. Purified CP-TMOF virions fed to mosquito larvae stopped larval growth and caused death. Because TMV has a wide host range, expressing TMV-TMOF in plants can be used as a general method to protect them against agricultural insect pests and to control vector mosquitoes.
Particulate Platform for Bioluminescent Immunosensing (2007)

The present study examines pyruvate kinase-conjugated antibodies for potential use in ELISA applications. The conjugates had an acceptable stability, and the coupling inflicted only minor impairment on the kinase activity. To mimic the setup of an immunoassay under development, a test antigen (BSA) was attached to polystyrene nanoparticles. This arrangement was found to be suitable as solid support for presentation of antigens in sensitive bioluminescence assays. The nanoparticles were well characterized in terms of protein surface load and were used to establish the number of conjugate complexes needed to generate a detectable signal. Under the biochemical conditions employed here, the detection limit of the pyruvate kinase conjugate lies in the femtomole range.
3D graphics rendering time modeling and control for mobile terminals (2004)

3D graphics has found its way to mobile devices such as Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) and cellular phones. Given their limited battery capabilities, these devices typically have less computational resources available than their counterparts connected to a power supply. Additionally, the workload of 3D graphics applications changes very drastically over time. These different and changing conditions make the creation of 3D content a real challenge for the content creators.To allow the rendering of arbitrary content on a mobile device without the need of ad-hoc content creation. We present a framework to adapt the resolution of 3D objects to the available processing resources. An MPEG-4 scalable geometry decoder is used to change the resolution and an analytical model of the workload of a mobile renderer is presented for controlling the scalable decoder. Because of the scarce computational resources, a good balance between accuracy and complexity is needed. The presented approach has an error and a complexity overhead of less than 10% for most practical cases.
Somatic embryo development and plant regeneration from embryogenic Norway spruce callus (1986)

Somatic embryogenesis, the production from tissue cultures of embryo-like structures that can grow into plants, has only recently been discovered in conifers. We have established callus cultures from immature Norway spruce embryo explants that are highly embryogenic; a gram of callus yields over 10 somatic embryos. The somatic embryos &quot;germinate&quot; similarly to seed derived embryos, developing green cotyledons and shoot growth, a hypocotyl, and a primary root. Potential applications of this conifer regeneration system are discussed relative to forest biotechnology.
Detecting phase coupling of sleep EEG via bispectra (2003)

Bispectral analyses were utilized to study the rat electroencephalogram (EEG) to extract information regarding phase coupling. The results indicate that the EEG recorded from the hippocampus exhibits a strong phase coupling between frequencies in the theta band (6-8 Hz) primarily during REM sleep, while the cortical EEG exhibits a weak coupling between flow frequencies in the delta band (0-3 Hz) during quiet-waking. The degree of phase coupling was further quantified using the biocoherence function. This study provides data not available from traditional power-spectral analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of essential oils from two Asteraceae species. (2003)

The essential oils from two Asteraceae species, Porophyllum ruderale (PR) and Conyza bonariensis (CB) were screened for anti-inflammatory activity in the mouse model of pleurisy induced by zymosan (500 microg/cavity) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (250 ng/cavity). The main monoterpene constituents of each oil, beta-myrcene (in PR) and limonene (in CB), were tested in the LPS-induced pleurisy model and assayed also for immunoregulatory activity by measurement of the inhibition of NO and production of the cytokines, gamma-interferon and IL-4. The oils, when administered orally, were able to inhibit the LPS-induced inflammation including cell migration; with a similar effect being observed for pure limonene. Pure beta-myrcene and limonene were also effective in inhibiting production of nitric oxide at doses below the cytotoxicity of these monoterpenes. A significant inhibition of gamma-interferon and IL-4 production by limonene and beta-myrcene was also observed.
The Myth of Complexity: Configuration Mechanisms of Modern Microprocessor-based Protective Relays (2003)

Modern microprocessor-based relays provide far-reaching flexibility. Configuration mechanisms include: programmable logic, programmable time curves, selectable operating quantities and modes of operation, user-definable display messages, configurable LEDs, programmable input and output contacts, programmable oscillography and event records, and programmable
Analysis of meteorological influence on the polluted air around Urumqi, China (1997)

Urumqi is located partly in a valley; the terrain slopes down from southeast to northwest. Using air pollution data over the past five years from two weather stations in the north and south the writers make an analysis of the causes of air pollution around Urumqi. The results show that the particular terrain and the adverse weather in winter, aggravate pollution levels. In winter, calms occur with a frequency of 24% in the south and, 34% in the north; the mean wind speed is 1.6m/s in the south and 1.0m/s in the north. The frequency of ground-based temperature inversions in winter is about 81% at 07 h, and 36% at 19 h. SO2 discharges from coal combushon during the 180 day winter heating period account for about 63% of total annual discharges, in winter the daily mean of SO2 is 0,616 mg/m3 compared with the summer mean of 0.047 mg/m3 (an increase of some 13 times compared with summer), and in winter TSP is 0.623 mg/m3 compared with the summer mean of O.3I8 mg/m3 (an increase of some as 2 times compared with summer).
Cell Biological and Functional Characterization of the Vaccinia Virus F10 Kinase: Implications for the Mechanism of Virion Morphogenesis (2005)

The vaccinia virus F10 protein is one of two virally encoded protein kinases. A phenotypic analysis of infections involving a tetracycline-inducible recombinant (vDeltaiF10) indicated that F10 is involved in the early stages of virion morphogenesis, as previously reported for the mutants ts28 and ts15. The proteins encoded by ts28 and ts15 have primary defects in enzymatic activity and thermostability, respectively. Using a transient complementation assay, we demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of F10 is essential for its biological function and that both its enzymatic and biological functions depend upon N-terminal sequences that precede the catalytic domain. An execution point analysis indicated that in addition to its role at the onset of morphogenesis, F10 is also required at later stages, when membrane crescents surround virosomal contents and develop into immature virions. The F10 protein is phosphorylated in vivo, appears to be tightly associated with intracellular membranes, and can bind to specific phosphoinositides in vitro. When F10 is repressed or impaired, the phosphorylation of several cellular and viral proteins appears to increase in intensity, suggesting that F10 may normally intersect with cellular signaling cascades via the activation of a phosphatase or the inhibition of another kinase. These cascades may drive the F10-induced remodeling of membranes that accompanies virion biogenesis. Upon the release of ts28-infected cultures from a 40 degrees C-induced block, a synchronous resumption of morphogenesis that culminates in the production of infectious virus can be observed. The pharmacological agents H89 and cerulenin, which are inhibitors of endoplasmic reticulum exit site formation and de novo lipid synthesis, respectively, block this recovery.
Some simple coded-modulation schemes for unequal error protection in satellite communications (2002)

We present some coded-modulation designs suitable for unequal error protection in digital satellite transmission. Due to the nonlinear nature of the channel, the constellations chosen must have constant envelope, so that signaling schemes derived from PSK should be used. Moreover, the complexity of the design is kept to a minimum.
The monofunctional glycosyltransferase of <i>Escherichia coli</i> is a member of a new class of peptidoglycan‐synthesising enzymes (1996)

Using conserved fingerprints in the glycosyltransferase (GTase) domain of high-molecular-weight penicillin-binding proteins (PBP), a gene (mgt) encoding a putative monofunctional glycosyltransferase has been identified in Haemophilus influenzae and in other bacteria] species. Here we report the cloning of the homologous Escherichia coli gene and show that the solubilised membrane fraction of E. coli cells overexpressing the mgt gene contain a significantly increased peptidoglycan synthesis activity. In contrast to the high-molecular-weight PBPs, this activity is not inhibited by Flavomycin.
Au@organosilica multifunctional nanoparticles for the multimodal imaging (2011)

The increasing application of nanomaterials in biosensor and imaging sets a higher demand on the multifunctionalities of nanomaterials for obtaining multiple parameters of a same system under a same condition. In this work, multifunctional Au@organosilica nanoparticles with high stability were conveniently synthesized by direct hydrolyzing of 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane in an aqueous solution in the presence of a Au core. Modification of the Au core with Raman reporters and the organosilica shell with fluorophore before and after the hydrolysis, respectively, produces multifunctional nanoparticles exhibiting Rayleigh scattering of the Au core, fluorescence signals of the fluorophores and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of the Raman reporters. The nanoparticles can be used as multimodal tracers for living cell imaging and related biological research.
Yb-doped KY(WO4)2 planar waveguide laser (2006)

High-quality monoclinic KY(WO4)2 optical waveguides were grown by liquid-phase epitaxy, and laser operation of an Yb-doped KY(WO4)2 waveguide was demonstrated for the first time to our knowledge. Continuous-wave laser emission near 1 microm was achieved with both surface and buried planar waveguides. An output power of 290 mW was obtained in the fundamental mode and the slope efficiency was above 80%.
Phospholipase D: enzymology, mechanisms of regulation, and function (1997)

Phospholipase D exists in various forms that differ in their regulation but predominantly hydrolyze phosphatidylcholine. The Ca(2+)-dependent isozymes of protein kinase C regulate phospholipase D in vitro and play a major role in its control by growth factors and G protein-linked agonists in vivo. Recent studies have demonstrated that small G proteins of the ADP-ribosylation factor (ARF) and Rho families activate the enzyme in vitro, and evidence is accumulating that they also are involved in its control in vivo. Both types of G protein play important roles in cellular function, and the possible mechanisms by which they are activated by agonists are discussed. There is also emerging evidence of the control of phospholipase D and Rho proteins by soluble tyrosine kinases and novel serine/threonine kinases. The possible role of these kinases in agonist regulation of phospholipase D is discussed. The function of phospholipase D in cells is still poorly defined. Postulated roles of phosphatidic acid produced by phospholipase D action include the activation of Ca(2+)-independent isoforms of protein kinase C, the regulation of growth and the cytoskeleton in fibroblasts, and control of the respiratory burst in neutrophils. Another important function of phosphatidic acid is to act as a substrate for a specific phospholipase A2 to generate lysophosphatidic acid, which is becoming increasingly recognized as a major intercellular messenger. Finally, it is possible that the phospholipid changes induced in various cellular membranes by phospholipase D may per se play an important role in vesicle trafficking and other membrane-associated events.
Wideband Energy Reflectance Measurements in Adults With Middle-Ear Disorders (2003)

The purpose of this study was to examine wideband energy reflectance (ER) at ambient pressure in adults with a variety of middle-ear disorders. The ER results from 9 participants with middle-ear disorders and 1 participant with bilateral sensorineural hearing loss were compared with data provided by a group of 40 young adults with normal hearing sensitivity. Wideband ER results for the participant with sensorineural hearing loss followed the typical pattern of the data for young adults with normal hearing. For the 9 participants with middle-ear disorders (13 ears), the wideband ER responses fell outside the 5th to 95th percentile of the normative data for some portion of the frequency range in patterns that were distinct for otitis media with effusion, otosclerosis, ossicular discontinuity, and perforation of the tympanic membrane. Two ears with hypermobile 226-Hz tympanograms and normal hearing sensitivity had low-frequency ER patterns similar to that of a patient with ossicular discontinuity. One participant with negative middle-ear pressure had high ER in the low frequencies. This distinct ER pattern was similar to the patterns produced by participants with otosclerosis, demonstrating that a correction for middle ear pressure will be important for the clinical application of ER. Overall, the results suggest that wideband ER may be useful as a diagnostic tool in the assessment of middle-ear disorders.
Effect of stretch on structural integrity and micromechanics of human alveolar epithelial cell monolayers exposed to thrombin (2006)

Alveolar epithelial cells in patients with acute lung injury subjected to mechanical ventilation are exposed to increased procoagulant activity and mechanical strain. Thrombin induces epithelial cell stiffening, contraction, and cytoskeletal remodeling, potentially compromising the balance of forces at the alveolar epithelium during cell stretching. This balance can be further compromised by the loss of integrity of cell-cell junctions in the injured epithelium. The aim of this work was to study the effect of stretch on the structural integrity and micromechanics of human alveolar epithelial cell monolayers exposed to thrombin. Confluent and subconfluent cells (A549) were cultured on collagen-coated elastic substrates. After exposure to thrombin (0.5 U/ml), a stepwise cell stretch (20%) was applied with a vacuum-driven system mounted on an inverted microscope. The structural integrity of the cell monolayers was assessed by comparing intercellular and intracellular strains within the monolayer. Strain was measured by tracking beads tightly bound to the cell surface. Simultaneously, cell viscoelasticity was measured using optical magnetic twisting cytometry. In confluent cells, thrombin did not induce significant changes in transmission of strain from the substrate to overlying cells. By contrast, thrombin dramatically impaired the ability of subconfluent cells to follow imposed substrate deformation. Upon substrate unstretching, thrombin-treated subconfluent cells exhibited compressive strain (9%). Stretch increased stiffness (56-62%) and decreased cell hysteresivity (13-22%) of vehicle cells. By contrast, stretch did not increase stiffness of thrombin-treated cells, suggesting disruption of cytoskeletal structures. Our findings suggest that thrombin could exacerbate epithelial barrier dysfunction in injured lungs subjected to mechanical ventilation.
Scale‐Up of <i>Agrobacterium</i>‐Mediated Transient Protein Expression in Bioreactor‐Grown <i>Nicotiana glutinosa</i> Plant Cell Suspension Culture (2008)

The reporter gene beta-glucuronidase was transiently expressed in a 51-L bioreactor-grown plant cell suspension culture of Nicotiana glutinosa at a yield of approximately 1.1 mg through co-culture with an auxotrophic strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The three order of magnitude scale-up involved the investigation of factors contributing to transient expression including the timing of Agrobacterium inoculation relative to the plant cell growth phase, plant tissue culture hormonal triggers and plant cell cycle synchronization. The co-culture process was simplified to facilitate implementation in a pilot-scale bioreactor. At the shake flask scale it was determined that elevated concentrations of oxygen in the headspace were detrimental to transient expression levels and the addition of acetosyringone to the co-culture had a negligible effect. The bacterial preparation process was also streamlined, permitting the direct transfer of the Agrobacterium culture from a bench-scale fermentor to the pilot-scale plant cell culture bioreactor. Increasing expression levels and overcoming batch-to-batch variability despite extensive procedure systemization remain the major technical hurdles.
Optical Quadrupole Sum-Frequency Generation in Sodium Vapor (1976)

We show that second-order coherent sum-frequency generation via quadrupole transitions in metal vapors can be easily detected. The process is as strong as the allowed third-order processes. Our experimental results agree very well with theoretical predictions.
Multi Domain Language Model Adaptation using Explicit Semantic Analysis (2011)

This paper presents an adaptive multi domain language model built from large sources of pre existing human created structured data. The sources’ structure is exploited to create a large array of ngram language models which are dynamically interpolated at decoding time to produce a context dependent language model that continuously adapts itself to the current domain. Because the use of human annotators is expensive and impractical we explore existing sources of human created structured data and how to extract our desired data from them. The language model is evaluated on its performance with a speech recognition system used to decode the Quaero 2009 evaluation data set. Compared to the baseline language model of our Quaero 2009 evaluation system our proposed adaptive language model reduces the WER of the speech recognition system by 0.5% absolute with some shows showing reductions of up to 14.4%. Index Terms: Speech Recognition, Language Model Adaptation, Explicit Semantic Analysis
Peak power reduction using a unitary rotation in multiple transmit antennas (2005)

This paper proposes a new peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) reduction scheme in multiple transmit antenna environments. By applying a unitary rotation, overall PAPR of the multiple transmits antenna system is reduced. This scheme doesn't require any side information to decode the signal in the receiver, enabling throughput-lossless PAPR reduction. Furthermore, there is no increase in the complexity of the receiver.