gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Nitric Oxide Production During Endotoxin-Induced Mastitis in the Cow (1999)

Nitric oxide production was measured during endotoxin-induced mastitis. One hour after morning milking, the right hind quarters of 15 cows were infused with saline containing Escherichia coli endotoxin. Left hind control quarters were infused with saline only. At varying intervals before and after infusion, diagnostic markers of mastitis were recorded and nitric oxide production was evaluated by measuring nitrite plus nitrate levels in milk. In endotoxin-infused quarters, a significant increase in nitrite plus nitrate concentrations was observed 3 h postinfusion; concentrations decreased to preinfusion levels within 48 h. This change indicates that significant amounts of nitric oxide are released during endotoxin-induced mastitis. At 3 different time points, somatic cells were harvested from milk samples, plated, and maintained in culture for 24 h. The concentration of nitrite plus nitrate in medium from cells harvested 12 h postinfusion was increased, suggesting that nitric oxide is released, at least in part, by milk somatic cells. In a second set of experiments, we evaluated nitric oxide production when animals were infused with endotoxin and aminoguanidine, a specific inhibitor of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase. In cows treated with aminoguanidine, the increase in nitrite plus nitrate observed after endotoxin infusion was prevented. These results suggest that nitric oxide production during endotoxin-induced mastitis resulted from the activity of the inducible form of nitric oxide synthase. They also support a possible involvement for nitric oxide in the inflammatory reaction observed during mastitis.
Pharmacological characterization of the human P2Y<sub>11</sub> receptor (1999)

1 The human P2Y11 receptor is coupled to both the phosphoinositide and the cyclic AMP pathways. A pharmacological characterization of the recombinant human P2Y11 receptor has been conducted following stable expression in two different cell lines: the 1321N1 astrocytoma cells for inositol trisphosphate measurements and the CHO-K1 cells for cyclic AMP assays. The rank order of potency of a series of nucleotides was almost identical for the two pathways: ATPgammaS approximately BzATP > dATP > ATP > ADPbetaS > 2MeSATP. 2 ADPbetaS, AMPalphaS and A3P5PS behaved as partial agonists of the human P2Y11 receptor. At high concentrations, these three nucleotides were able to partially inhibit the ATP response. 3 Suramin was a more potent antagonist than reactive blue 2, whereas pyridoxal-phosphate-6-azophenyl-2',4'-disulphonic acid was completely inactive. The P2Y11 receptor proved to be sensitive to suramin in a competitive way with an apparent Ki value of 0.82+/-0. 07 microM. 4 The ATP derivative AR-C67085 (2-propylthio-beta, gamma-dichloromethylene-D-ATP), a potent inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation, was the most potent agonist of the P2Y11 receptor, among the various nucleotides tested. 5 The pharmacological profile of the recombinant human P2Y11 receptor is closely similar to that of the cyclic AMP-coupled P2 receptor recently described in HL-60 cells, suggesting that it is the same receptor.
Mechanical and cell viability properties of crosslinked low‐ and high‐molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate blends (2009)

There is a strong need for tissue engineering scaffolds that are mechanically robust, exhibit good biocompatibility, and can be made from readily available materials. To this end, blends of commercially available poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA) with molecular weights of 400 and 3400 were UV-crosslinked at total polymer concentrations that varied systematically from 20 to 40 wt %. The compressive strength and cell viability were determined for each PEGDA mixture. The compressive modulus of the blends was maximized when the weight percent ratio PEGDA3400/400 was about 40/60, with the compressive strength reaching 1.7 MPa. Cell viability results with a LIVE/DEAD fluorescence assay show an average viability of approximately 80% at a total PEGDA concentration of 20 wt % for all blends. Increasing the total polymer concentration increased the compressive modulus of a polymer, but adversely affected cell viability for all the PEGDA blend compositions. The blend composition affected the mechanical behavior of the discs, where a higher degree of crosslinking was achieved by increasing the concentration of shorter chained PEGDA400, whereas elasticity was gained by incorporating longer chained PEGDA3400 into the blends. These results can be exploited for use in tissue engineering applications, where a mechanically robust scaffold is advantageous.
The <i>pmrCAB</i> Operon Mediates Polymyxin Resistance in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> ATCC 17978 and Clinical Isolates through Phosphoethanolamine Modification of Lipid A (2011)

The emergence of multidrug resistance among Acinetobacter baumannii is leading to an increasing dependence on the use of polymyxins as last-hope antibiotics. Here, we utilized genetic and biochemical methods to define the involvement of the pmrCAB operon in polymyxin resistance in this organism. Sequence analysis of 16 polymyxin B-resistant strains, including 6 spontaneous mutants derived from strain ATCC 17978 and 10 clinical isolates from diverse sources, revealed that they had independent mutations in the pmrB gene, encoding a sensor kinase, or in the response regulator PmrA. Knockout of the pmrB gene in two mutants and two clinical isolates led to a decrease in the polymyxin B susceptibility of these strains, which could be restored with the cloned pmrAB genes from the mutants but not from the wild type. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis also showed a correlation between the expression of pmrC and polymyxin B resistance. Characterization of lipid A species from the mutant strains, by thin-layer chromatography and mass spectrometry, indicated that the addition of phosphoethanolamine to lipid A correlated with resistance. This addition is performed in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium by the product of the pmrC gene, which is a homolog of the pmrC gene from Acinetobacter. Knockout of this gene in the mutant R2 [pmrB(T235I)] reversed resistance as well as phosphoethanolamine modification of lipid A. These results demonstrate that specific alterations in the sequence of the pmrCAB operon are responsible for resistance to polymyxins in A. baumannii.
Semiquantitative analysis of dynamic contrast enhanced MRI in cancer patients: Variability and changes in tumor tissue over time (2004)

Variability of semiquantitative DCE-MRI parameters utilizing a method based on known T(1) values in a reference tissue is low enough to detect changes in tumors during therapy. Use of this method as a pharmacodynamic marker should be further investigated.
Confined-Chalcogenide Phase Change Memory with Thin Metal Interlayer for Low Reset Current by Finite Element Modeling (2009)

This paper reports on the confined-chalcogenide phase change memory with thin metal interlayer (CCTMI) with the operating reset current of 0.6mA-30ns. This cell offers low reset current with simple architecture and fabrication. Thermal and heat flux distribution of both the normal-bottom-contact (NBC) and a proposed CCTMI PCM cells were carefully analyzed and simulated by two-dimensional finite element modeling. It is intriguingly found that the reset operation current of the CCTMI cell is 44% lower than that of the NBC. CCTMI has capability to solve an over-programming fail issue due to confined heat dissipation in active area.
Improvement in Process of Care and Outcome After a Multicenter Severe Sepsis Educational Program in Spain (2008)

A national educational effort to promote bundles of care for severe sepsis and septic shock was associated with improved guideline compliance and lower hospital mortality. However, compliance rates were still low, and the improvement in the resuscitation bundle lapsed by 1 year.
Management Science in Retailing (1972)

Most retailing executives have had little help from operations research in improving profit performance. The author reports that promising operations research applications are currently being proposed which deserve the open-minded attention of forward looking merchants.
Importance of Respiratory Viruses in Acute Otitis Media (2003)

Acute otitis media is usually considered a simple bacterial infection that is treated with antibiotics. However, ample evidence derived from studies ranging from animal experiments to extensive clinical trials supports a crucial role for respiratory viruses in the etiology and pathogenesis of acute otitis media. Viral infection of the upper respiratory mucosa initiates the whole cascade of events that finally leads to the development of acute otitis media as a complication. The pathogenesis of acute otitis media involves a complex interplay between viruses, bacteria, and the host's inflammatory response. In a substantial number of children, viruses can be found in the middle-ear fluid either alone or together with bacteria, and recent studies indicate that at least some viruses actively invade the middle ear. Viruses appear to enhance the inflammatory process in the middle ear, and they may significantly impair the resolution of otitis media. Prevention of the predisposing viral infection by vaccination against the major viruses would probably be the most effective way to prevent acute otitis media. Alternatively, early treatment of the viral infection with specific antiviral agents would also be effective in reducing the occurrence of acute otitis media.
Shear‐enhanced binding of intestinal colonization factor antigen I of enterotoxigenic <i>Escherichia coli</i> (2010)

In the intestine, enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli works against peristaltic forces, adhering to the epithelium via the colonization factor antigen I (CFA/I) fimbrial adhesin CfaE. The CfaE adhesin is similar in localization and tertiary (but not primary) structure to FimH, the type 1 fimbrial adhesin of uropathogenic E. coli, which shows shear-dependent binding to epithelial receptors by an allosteric catch-bond mechanism. Thus, we speculated that CfaE is also capable of shear-enhanced binding. Indeed, bovine erythrocytes coursing over immobilized CFA/I fimbriae in flow chambers exhibited low accumulation levels and fast rolling at low shear, but an 80-fold increase in accumulation and threefold decrease in rolling velocity at elevated shear. This effect was reversible and abolished by pre-incubation of fimbriae with anti-CfaE antibody. Erythrocytes bound to whole CfaE in the same shear-enhanced manner, but to CfaE adhesin domain in a shear-inhibitable fashion. Residue replacements designed to disrupt CfaE interdomain interaction decreased the shear dependency of adhesion and increased binding under static conditions to human intestinal epithelial cells. These findings indicate that close interaction between adhesive and anchoring pilin domains of CfaE keeps the former in a low-affinity state that toggles into a high-affinity state upon separation of two domains, all consistent with an allosteric catch-bond mechanism of CfaE binding.
A 10-second fluid challenge guided by transthoracic echocardiography can predict fluid responsiveness (2014)

Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN10524328. Registered 12 December 2013.
A reconfigurable parallel signature analyzer for concurrent error correction in DRAM (1990)

An efficient strategy for utilizing a parallel signature analyzer (PSA) for concurrent soft-error correction in DRAMs (dynamic random-access memories) is described. For a two-level w-bit, n-word memory system, the proposed technique needs only one additional chip as opposed to log/sub 2/w+2 in the conventional Hamming code. Such an error-correction circuit significantly improves the reliability of the memory system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Descemet's membrane substrate from human donor lens anterior capsule (2011)

Human donor anterior lens capsule might therefore be a potential scaffold for the ex vivo expansion of human corneal endothelial cells.
Extending the prediction error coder of H.264/AVC by a vector quantizer (2005)

The standardized video coding algorithms are based on hybrid coding using blockwise motion compensated prediction and transform coding of the resulting prediction error. For the purpose of transform coding, the recent standard H.264/AVC applies an integer transform. For each block, the Lagrangian costs are analyzed, which are measured by the sum of the squared reconstruction errors and the bit rate weighted by a Lagrange multiplier. It is observed that the costs of blocks with marginally or diagonally correlated samples are frequently higher than the costs theoretically required due to the fact that the transform coder of H.264/AVC is unadjusted for these blocks. In this paper, it is investigated if the coding efficiency can be improved by extending the prediction error coder by a vector quantizer which is optimized for the coding of these blocks. For each block of the prediction error either standardized transform coding or vector quantization is applied whereas the algorithm with lower costs is chosen. For broadcast quality at 34 dB PSNR, the bit rate is reduced by 7-10% compared to H.264/AVC using CAVLC with slightly reduced computational expense in the decoder. Compared to H.264/AVC using CABAC, almost the same coding efficiency is achieved with significantly lower computational expense in the decoder.
Enhanced electromagnetic wave absorption properties of Fe nanowires in gigaherz range (2007)

Fe nanowires with 70–200nm in diameter and 20–50μm in length were synthesized by a chemical vapor deposition method for electromagnetic wave absorption application. The frequency dependences of relative permittivity (εr) and permeability (μr) were strongly dependent on the diameter of Fe wires. Compared with micrometer wires or flakelike samples, nanowires exhibited a magnetic resonance (μr″) peak in the range of 1–18GHz, suggesting that nanowires have significant effect for reducing the eddy current loss, therefore, the resin compacts of 29vol% Fe nanowires with thicknesses of 1.3–4.0mm provided good electromagnetic wave absorption performances in the range of 5.6–18GHz.
Influence of Quantum Size Effect and Interface Roughness on the Giant Magnetoresistance in Ultrathin Magnetic Layered Structures (1995)

In-plane electronic transport in ultrathin structures composed of two ferromagnetic films separated by a nonmagnetic metallic spacer is analysed theoretically. It is shown that quantum size effects give rise to oscillations in the dependence of the resistivity and giant magnetoresistance on the spacer thickness. It is also shown that the spin-dependent scattering due to interface roughness can enhance or compensate the magnetoresistance effect generated by the spin-dependent bulk scattering.
A low-noise phase-locked loop design by loop bandwidth optimization (2000)

This paper describes a low-noise phase-locked loop (PLL) design method to achieve minimum jitter from a given PLL circuit topology. An optimal loop-bandwidth design method, derived from a discrete-time PLL model, further improves the jitter characteristics of a PLL already somewhat enhanced by optimizing individual circuit components. The described method not only estimates the timing jitter of a PLL, but also finds the optimal bandwidth minimizing the overall PLL jitter. A prototype PLL fabricated in a 0.6-/spl mu/m CMOS technology is tested. The measurement shows significant performance improvement by using the proposed method, The measured rms and peak-to-peak jitter of the PLL at the optimal loop-bandwidth are 3.1 and 22 ps, respectively.
Domain Adaptation with Unlabeled Data for Dialog Act Tagging (2010)

We investigate the classification of utterances into high-level dialog act categories using word-based features, under conditions where the train and test data differ by genre and/or language. We handle the cross-language cases with machine translation of the test utterances. We analyze and compare two featurebased approaches to using unlabeled data in adaptation: restriction to a shared feature set, and an implementation of Blitzer et al.’s Structural Correspondence Learning. Both methods lead to increased detection of backchannels in the cross-language cases by utilizing correlations between backchannel words and utterance length. 1
Fast Global Optimal Power Allocation in Wireless Networks by Local D.C. Programming (2011)

Power allocations in an interference-limited wireless network for global maximization of the weighted sum throughput or global optimization of the minimum weighted rate among network links are not only important but also very hard optimization problems due to their nonconvexity nature. Recently developed methods are either unable to locate the global optimal solutions or prohibitively complex for practical applications. This paper exploits the d.c. (difference of two convex functions/sets) structure of either the objective function or constraints of these global optimization problems to develop efficient iterative algorithms with very low complexity. Numerical results demonstrate that the developed algorithms are able to locate the global optimal solutions by only a few iterations and they are superior to the previously-proposed methods in both performance and computation complexity.
Cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding human sterol carrier protein 2. (1991)

We report the cloning and expression of a cDNA encoding human sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP2). The 1.3-kilobase (kb) cDNA contains an open reading frame which encompasses a 143-amino acid sequence which is 89% identical to the rat SCP2 amino acid sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of the polypeptide reveals a 20-residue amino-terminal leader sequence in front of the mature polypeptide, which contains a carboxyl-terminal tripeptide (Ala-Lys-Leu) related to the peroxisome targeting sequence. The expressed cDNA in COS-7 cells yields a 15.3-kDa polypeptide and increased amounts of a 13.2-kDa polypeptide, both reacting with a specific rabbit antiserum to rat liver SCP2. The cDNA insert hybridizes with 3.2- and 1.8-kb mRNA species in human liver poly(A)+ RNA. In human fibroblasts and placenta the 1.8-kb mRNA was most abundant. Southern blot analysis suggests either that there are multiple copies of the SCP2 gene in the human genome or that the SCP2 gene is very large. Coexpression of the SCP2 cDNA with expression vectors for cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme and adrenodoxin resulted in a 2.5-fold enhancement of progestin synthesis over that obtained with expression of the steroidogenic enzyme system alone. These findings are concordant with the notion that SCP2 plays a role in regulating steroidogenesis, among other possible functions.
Modeling of hydrogen storage in hydride-forming materials: Statistical thermodynamics (2006)

A new lattice gas model has been developed, describing the hydrogen storage in hydride-forming materials. This model is based on the mean-field theory and Bragg-Williams approximation. To describe first-order phase transitions and two-phase coexistence regions, a binary alloy approach has been adopted. A complete set of equations describing pressure-composition isotherms and equilibrium electrode potential curves of hydride forming materials in both solid-solution and two-phase coexistence regions has been set up. The proposed model defines both the equilibrium pressure and equilibrium potential as explicit functions of the normalized hydrogen concentration, using eight physically well-defined parameters. Gibbs free energies, entropies, and phase diagrams of both model $({\mathrm{LaNi}}_{\mathrm{y}}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{1.0})$ and commercial, MischMetal-based, ${\mathrm{AB}}_{5}$-type materials at different compositions and temperatures have been simulated. Good agreement between experimental and theoretical results for the pressure-composition isotherms obtained in the gas phase and the equilibrium potential curves measured in electrochemical environment has been found in all cases.
Comprehensive analysis of escape-cone losses from luminescent waveguides (2013)

Luminescent waveguides (LWs) occur in a wide range of applications, from solar concentrators to doped fiber amplifiers. Here we report a comprehensive analysis of escape-cone losses in LWs, which are losses associated with internal rays making an angle less than the critical angle with a waveguide surface. For applications such as luminescent solar concentrators, escape-cone losses often dominate all others. A statistical treatment of escape-cone losses is given accounting for photoselection, photon polarization, and the Fresnel relations, and the model is used to analyze light absorption and propagation in waveguides with isotropic and orientationally aligned luminophores. The results are then compared to experimental measurements performed on a fluorescent dye-doped poly(methyl methacrylate) waveguide.
Wall layer microturbulence phenomenological model and a semi-Markov probability predictive model for active control of turbulent boundary layers (1998)

Any effective methodology for the control of drag and noise in a turbulent flow must address the genesis of the fundamental elements of microturbulen t events. The comprehensive experimental database and numerical simulation findings of the wall layer microturbulent events has been organized into a coherent framework for engineering application to drag and noise control. In search of a practical active feedback control methodology to control microturbulent bursts, a hypothesis is advanced that the orderly occurring microturbulent events can be considered as a semi-Markov process. The Markov transitional probability equations are derived for microturbulent events. Considering the Poisson arrival rates as a representative measurable, further insights are attempted by relating the transitional probability to the experimentally obtained database on microturbulen t events using either the transitional probabilities or the spectral densities of the shear stress and wall pressure. In light of the mathematical results, the feasibility of using micro-arrays of electrodes and magnets and control algorithms based on the semi-Markov concept for the active control of turbulence is discussed.
Quantitative <i>i</i> <i>n</i> <i>s</i> <i>i</i> <i>t</i> <i>u</i> characterization of x-ray mask distortions (1988)

The control of x-ray mask distortion is a central issue in x-ray lithography technology. Three causes of distortion have been examined: the interaction between a stressed absorber and substrate, the heating of the mask during x-ray exposure, and the radiation damage resulting from the cumulative absorption of the x rays. Interferometric techniques have been used to measure both in-plane distortion (IPD) and out-of-plane distortion (OPD). To measure OPD, wave fronts reflected from the mask surface are compared with a reference plane wave. For IPD it is necessary to have a diffraction grating on the mask. IPD causes changes in the grating pitch that result in the changes in the interference pattern. For thermal studies, an in situ shear interferometer was used to measure both OPD and IPD. Temperature increases were monitored using an infrared camera. The results have been modeled using the finite element program ansys. The distortion due to aborber substrate interaction was observed to occur at pattern edges. Thermal distortions were observed to cause IPD in regions with no absorber and both IPD and OPD for areas covered with absorber. Radiation damage was found to cause both IPD and OPD. The OPD was in the form of a plateau and can be modeled assuming the relaxation of the material is dependent on the absorbed dose and taking into account the depth dependence on absorption in the mask.