gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new approach to prison control room design (2003)

The design of prison control rooms has evolved over many years, and has generally been dictated by the piecemeal addition of systems as new technology has been introduced. This evolutionary process has led to some obvious shortcomings. The Prison Service has placed a contract for the development of a system designed to overcome these limitations and which will be matched to the specific needs of the prison system. The project is known as Concept 2000, and is a partnership with the prison services of Scotland and Northern Ireland. The prototype system will be exhaustively tested at the Prison Service College, prior to its introduction at selected prisons. The intention is to integrate all existing systems into an open architecture which allows any operator to deal with any of the functions of the control room, with the tasks being allocated intelligently to the operators, each of whom works at an identical workstation. The tasks will be allocated using a knowledge based system and will allow various allocation strategies to be implemented. The main operating software will be based on commercially available industrial control products, proven in real-time, safety-critical applications. Before describing the system in more detail, the paper discusses some of the underlying principles that led to the design.
Modulation of the firing activity of noradrenergic neurones in the rat locus coeruleus by the 5‐hydroxtryptamine system (1997)

1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the putative modulation of locus coeruleus (LC) noradrenergic (NA) neurones by the 5-hydroxytryptaminergic (5-HT) system by use of in vivo extracellular unitary recordings and microiontophoresis in anaesthetized rats. To this end, the potent and selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY 100635 (N-[2-[4(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]-N-(2-pyridinyl) cyclohexanecarboxamide trihydroxychloride) was used. 2. In the dorsal hippocampus, both local (by microiontophoresis, 20 nA) and systemic (100 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) administration of WAY 100635 antagonized the suppressant effect of microiontophorectically-applied 5-HT on the firing activity of CA3 pyramidal neurones, indicating its antagonistic effect on postsynaptic 5-HT1A receptors. 3. WAY 100635 and 5-HT failed to modify the spontaneous firing activity of LC NA neurones when applied by microiontophoresis. However, the intravenous injection of WAY 100635 (100 micrograms kg-1) readily suppressed the spontaneous firing activity of LC NA neurones. 4. The lesion of 5-HT neurones with the neurotoxin 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine increased the spontaneous firing activity of LC NA neurones and abolished the suppressant effect of WAY 100635 on the firing activity of LC NA neurones. 5. In order to determine the nature of the 5-HT receptor subtypes mediating the suppressant effect of WAY 100635 on NA neurone firing activity, several 5-HT receptor antagonists were used. The selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist BRL 46470A (10 and 100 micrograms kg-1, i.v.), the 5-HT1D receptor antagonist GR 127935 (100 micrograms kg-1, i.v.) and the 5-HT1A/1B receptor antagonist (-)-pindolol (15 mg kg-1, i.p.) did not prevent the suppressant effect of WAY 100635 on the firing activity of LC NA neurones. However, the suppressant effect of WAY 100635 was prevented by the non-selective 5-HT receptor antagonists spiperone (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) and metergoline (1 mg kg-1, i.v.), by the 5-HT2 receptor antagonist ritanserin (500 micrograms kg-1, i.v.). It was also prevented by the 5-HT1A receptor/alpha 1D-adrenoceptor antagonist BMY 7378 (1 mg kg-1, i.v.) and by the alpha 1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin (100 micrograms kg-1, i.v.). 6. These data support the notion that the 5-HT system tonically modulates NA neurotransmission since the lesion of 5-HT neurones enhanced the LC NA neurones firing activity and the suppressant effect of WAY 100635 on the firing activity of NA neurones was abolished by this lesion. However, the location of the 5-HT1A receptors involved in this complex circuitry remains to be elucidated. It is concluded that the suppressant effect of WAY 100635 on the firing activity of LC NA neurones is due to an enhancement of the function of 5-HT neurones via a presynaptic 5-HT1A receptor. In contrast, the postsynaptic 5-HT receptor mediating this effect of WAY 100635 on NA neurones appears to be of the 5-HT2A subtype.
Fundamentals of Immunology (1967)

Since publication of the last edition of this book 10 years ago, a vast amount of knowledge has been gained in the area of immunology. Some of the salient features of this period of research have been incorporated into this newer edition, but for the most part, much of the older literature is surveyed, and controversial areas are avoided.As with the third edition, the areas of antigen-antibody reactions, complement, blood groups, and hypersensitivity are thoroughly examined.Although a new chapter covering tolerance and transplantation has been added, it is somewhat short in view of the amount of research accomplished in these areas. The treatment of immunoglobulins and their structure is discussed, but more elaboration on the nomenclature is perhaps warranted. Also, the significance of the primary lymphoid organs exemplified by thymus, Peyer's patches, and bursa of Fabricius should have been included.As an introduction to immunochemistry, as stated in the preface, many important areas are omitted.
Immature mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) on the bromeliad Nidularium innocentii in ombrophilous dense forest of Santa Catarina Island, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina State, southern Brazil (2007)

Immature forms of mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) were collected from bromeliads Nidularium innocentii var. paxianum in dense ombrophilous forest of Santa Catarina Island, state of Santa Catarina. Two hundred and eleven mosquitoes were collected; 37.44% Culex (Microculex) albipes, 19.91% Cx. (Mic.) davisi, 0.95% Anopheles (Kerteszia) cruzii and 0.47% Wyeomyia (Phoniomyia) tripartita. Correlation between the quantities of collected mosquitoes and mean temperatures was significantly positive, but that between the quantities and the rainfall was not. The quantity of anophelines was much smaller than that reported by other workers in the same region. Even considering the small quantity of anophelines collected, the great density of this bromeliad in the area indicates the need for of attention to it as a breeding ground for these mosquitoes.
Shot-domain deblending using least-squares inversion (2017)

Simultaneous source acquisition, which allows a temporal overlap between shot records, has significant advantages to improve data quality (e.g., denser shooting) and reduce acquisition cost (e.g., efficient wide-azimuth shooting). We have developed a novel shot-domain deblending approach for a wide-azimuth simultaneous shooting survey based on an inversion scheme. The inverse problem is formulated by introducing two convolution operators that can respectively destruct the signal and interference and is solved by a conjugate-gradient algorithm in the least-squares sense. Our approach breaks down the limit that source separation can only be implemented in some domains other than the shot domain based on the incoherency principle. Our shot-domain approach does not require the random dithering time; thus, it is very flexible to use in a wide-azimuth simultaneous shooting survey. Three numerically blended synthetic examples were developed to demonstrate the excellent performance of our method. The feasibility has been further validated via a field-data example that is numerically blended from two realistic marine towed streamers.
Efficient tests and DFT for RAM address decoder delay faults (2008)

This paper presents an analysis, at the electrical level, of address decoder faults caused by resistive opens within (a) dynamic address decoders and (b) static address decoders, which have special circuits that deactivate them at fixed moment. Efficient algorithms are proposed to cover the targeted faults. DFT circuit, to facilitate the BIST implementation of the proposed tests, is also provided. Furthermore, the limitations of the current/existing approaches in detecting delay faults are addressed.
Self-Assembled Lipid Nanomedicines for siRNA Tumor Targeting (2009)

Lipid-based nanoparticle technology has developed from chemical drug carrier into an efficient multifunctional siRNA tumor targeting delivery system. In this review, we start with an overview of the lipid-based nanomedicine history and the two classes of lipidic vectors for DNA or siRNA delivery. Then we discuss the features of lipid-based nanomedicine that lead to effective tumor targeting and the principles behind. We also discuss nanoparticle surface modification, classes of tumor targeting ligands, and other state-of-the-art strategies for enhancing endosome release primarily focused on lipid-based systems. At the end, we show that multifunctional self-assembled lipid-based nanoparticles could also be versatile delivery vehicles for cancer molecular imaging probes.
Measurement of Thermal Conductivity in a Magnetic Field by the Series Comparative Method (1962)

The series comparative method has been used to measure the change of thermal conductivity ΔK of a semiconductor in a magnetic field B. A trial of the method showed the relative change ΔK/K0, where K0 is the zero-field value, was equal to −10% for InSb at 530°K, B=8000 G. The experimental arrangement also allows determination of the dependence on B of the thermoelectric figure of merit Z.
Lactose-Fermenting Bacteria in Faeces (1905)

The following experiments were begun with the object of ascertaining the distribution in nature of certain lactose-fermenting organisms which are by some grouped under the name Bacillus coli , but by others are regarded as belonging to a different class of organisms; a difference of opinion which is most probably the principal factor in causing the value of B. coli as an index of pollution to be such a vexed question among bacteriologists. The investigation, however, resolved itself into a search for the B. lactis aerogenes principally, and secondarily for the other lactose fermenters. Incidentally certain other points are referred to which it was thought might prove of interest though not actually pertaining to the subject of the paper.
Differential Phase-Shift Keying in Spatial Diversity Transmitters for Fade Mitigation (2010)

We investigate the use of differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) in multiwavelength spatial diversity transmitters for mitigation of atmospheric fading. By selecting the transmitter wavelengths to coincide with the transmission peaks of the delay-line interferometer in the receiver, the only modification required to a standard DPSK receiver is a wider optical filter. We examine the wavelength separation required to minimize penalties from beating between the wavelengths and find that a separation of twice the data rate is sufficient for a four-wavelength system with narrow filtering. We also demonstrate a reduction in scintillation loss for a four-wavelength DPSK system in a fading channel.
P2Y<sub>1</sub>receptor signaling enhances neuroprotection by astrocytes against oxidative stress via IL‐6 release in hippocampal cultures (2008)

Cell survival is a critical issue in the onset and progression of neurodegenerative diseases and following pathological events including ischemia and traumatic brain injury. Oxidative stress is the main cause of cell damage in such pathological conditions. Here, we report that adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) protects hippocampal astrocytes from hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-evoked oxidative injury in astrocyte monocultures. The effect of ATP was prevented by a selective antagonist of or siRNAs against P2Y(1)R. Interestingly, in astrocyte-neuron cocultures, ATP also produced neuroprotective effects against H(2)O(2)-evoked neuronal cell death, whereas ATP did not produce any neuroprotective effects in monocultures. The ATP-induced neuroprotection in cocultures was completely inhibited by silencing of astrocytic P2Y(1)R expression, indicating that ATP acts on astrocytes and enhances their neuroprotective functions by activating P2Y(1)R. Furthermore, this neuroprotective effect was mimicked by applying conditioned medium from astrocytes that had been stimulated by ATP, implying an involvement of diffusible factors from astrocytes. We found that, in both purified astrocyte cultures and astrocyte-neuronal cocultures, ATP and the P2Y(1)R agonist 2-methylthioadenosine 5' diphosphate (2MeSADP) induced the release of interleukin-6 (IL-6), but this did not occur in neuron monocultures. Moreover, exogenous IL-6 produced a neuroprotective effect, and the neuroprotection induced by P2Y(1)R-stimulated astrocytes was prevented in the presence of an anti-IL-6 antibody. Taken together, these results suggest that P2Y(1)R-stimulated astrocytes protect against neuronal damage induced by oxidative stress, and that IL-6 is a crucial signaling molecule released from astrocytes. Thus, activation of P2Y(1)R in astrocytes may rescue neurons from secondary cell death under pathological conditions.
The effect of frequency on the lifetime of a surface micromachined microengine driving a load (1998)

Experiments have been performed on surface micromachined microengines driving load gears to determine the effect of the rotation frequency on median cycles to failure. We did observe a frequency dependence and have developed a model based on fundamental wear mechanisms and forces exhibited in resonant mechanical systems. Stressing loaded microengines caused observable wear in the rotating joints and, in a few instances, led to fracture of the pin joint in the drive gear.
Novel human autoantibodies reactive with 5’-terminal trimethylguanosine cap structures of U small nuclear RNA (1992)

A class of RNA-containing particles, U small nuclear/nucleolar ribonucleoprotein particles (U snRNP), are well known to be targets for sera from patients with various autoimmune diseases. In the most cases the protein components carry the antigenic determinants. We have identified serum autoantibodies from three patients with systemic sclerosis that were directed against U1-U5 snRNA by immunoprecipitation of deproteinized 32PO4 labeled HeLa cell total RNA. By competitive radioimmunoprecipitation assays, an experimentally induced anti-2,2,7-trimethylguanosine (TMG) cap structure mAb inhibited the reaction of these antisera. In addition, IgG isolated from the antisera inhibited the anti-TMG mAb reaction to the U snRNA. Furthermore, a structural analog, 7-methylguanosine-triphosphate, competitively inhibited the reaction of the antisera to the U snRNA. Thus we concluded that the TMG cap structure of the U snRNA could be a target for serum autoantibodies.
A placement architecture for a container as a service (CaaS) in a cloud environment (2019)

Unlike a traditional virtual machine (VM), a container is an emerging lightweight virtualization technology that operates at the operating system level to encapsulate a task and its library dependencies for execution. The Container as a Service (CaaS) strategy is gaining in popularity and is likely to become a prominent type of cloud service model. Placing container instances on virtual machine instances is a classical scheduling problem. Previous research has focused separately on either virtual machine placement on physical machines (PMs) or container, or only tasks without containerization, placement on virtual machines. However, this approach leads to underutilized or overutilized PMs as well as underutilized or overutilized VMs. Thus, there is a growing research interest in developing a container placement algorithm that considers the utilization of both instantiated VMs and used PMs simultaneously. The goal of this study is to improve resource utilization, in terms of number of CPU cores and memory size for both VMs and PMs, and to minimize the number of instantiated VMs and active PMs in a cloud environment. The proposed placement architecture employs scheduling heuristics, namely, Best Fit (BF) and Max Fit (MF), based on a fitness function that simultaneously evaluates the remaining resource waste of both PMs and VMs. In addition, another meta-heuristic placement algorithm is proposed that uses Ant Colony Optimization based on Best Fit (ACO-BF) with the proposed fitness function. Experimental results show that the proposed ACO-BF placement algorithm outperforms the BF and MF heuristics and maintains significant improvement of the resource utilization of both VMs and PMs.
Comparison of an enzyme immunoassay for the detection of Helicobacter pylori antigens in the faeces with the urea breath test (2000)

The EIA is an alternative, non-invasive, and easy to use method for the detection of H pylori in children. Its high negative predictive value suggests a role in screening out uninfected children.
Fluorescent Ion-Selective Optode Membranes Incorporated onto a Centrifugal Microfluidics Platform (2002)

The development of an integrated analysis system for small ions based on ion-selective optodes and centrifugal microfluidics is reported. The performance of this system was evaluated through five-point calibration plots for two types of optode membranes, one being cation-selective and the other anion-selective, which were incorporated into a microfluidics platform on which fluid motion is induced via angular rotation. Additionally, the application of the microfluidic platform to ion analysis is studied via a two-point calibration protocol used to quantify an unknown sample. Calibrant solutions are delivered from reservoirs fabricated onto the platform to a measuring area that contains the optode membrane, with a change in membrane fluorescence being monitored. This work demonstrates the first instance of a microfluidic-based analysis system with detection based on ion-selective optode membranes monitored with fluorescence transduction. Furthermore, in addition to employing a standard excitation source where a fiber-optic probe is coupled to a tungsten-halogen lamp, laser diodes such as those employed in portable CD/DVD players were studied as excitation sources to enhance the observed fluorescence signals.
Neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, pain perception, and disease activity score may serve as important predictive markers for sustained remission in rheumatoid arthritis (2016)

The implementation of new treatment strategies based on current recommendations has enabled a greater number of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to achieve remission. However, there are no definite predictors of sustained remission. Moreover, the absence of clear consensus on the time of withdrawal or reduction of treatment further adds to the treatment burden. This pilot study was intended to evaluate the prognostic potential of various RA-related parameters. All the enrolled subjects (n=124) were clinically evaluated on the basis of various parameters including age, gender, duration of illness before the initiation of disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, tender and swollen joints (28 joints), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), C-reactive protein (CRP), hemoglobin percentage, lymphocyte count, total white-blood cell counts, and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR). Student's t-test and discriminant function analysis were performed. The specificity of all parameters and their best possible cut-off to predict relapse were calculated using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A significant difference in terms of pain perception, NLR, tendency to have a significant tender joint count and absolute lymphocyte counts was identified between the patients in sustained remission and those in relapse. The ROC analysis indicated that NLR was consistent in predicting remission. CRP, ESR, and/or disease activity score may not be very effective in differentiating patients with sustainable remission/low disease activity. NLR along with patient's perception of pain may assist in predicting sustained remission.
Nuclear Phospho-Akt Increase Predicts Synergy of PI3K Inhibition and Doxorubicin in Breast and Ovarian Cancer (2010)

The phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-Akt signaling pathway is frequently disrupted in cancer and implicated in multiple aspects of tumor growth and survival. In addition, increased activity of this pathway in cancer is associated with resistance to chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that PI3K inhibitors could help to overcome resistance to chemotherapies. We used preclinical cancer models to determine the effects of combining the DNA-damaging drug doxorubicin with GDC-0941, a class I PI3K inhibitor that is currently being tested in early-stage clinical trials. We found that PI3K inhibition significantly increased apoptosis and enhanced the antitumor effects of doxorubicin in a defined set of breast and ovarian cancer models. Doxorubicin treatment caused an increase in the amount of nuclear phospho-Akt(Ser473) in cancer cells that rely on the PI3K pathway for survival. This increased phospho-Akt(Ser473) response to doxorubicin correlates with the strength of GDC-0941's effect to augment doxorubicin action. These studies predict that clinical use of combination therapies with GDC-0941 in addition to DNA-damaging agents will be effective in tumors that rely on the PI3K pathway for survival.
Performance of fast Node B scheduling and L1 HARQ schemes in WCDMA uplink packet access (2005)

The performance of WCDMA uplink systems deploying Node B based scheduling and fast hybrid ARQ (HARQ) retransmission protocols is studied. With fast Node B scheduling and fast L1 HARQ schemes, both the uplink packet scheduling functionality and the entity controlling the retransmission mechanism are moved from the radio network controller (RNC) to the Node B. A Node B scheduling algorithm is proposed to increase the utilisation of the allocated uplink resources; this is achieved by making use of already existing information about the transmitted data rate of the UEs. Moreover, fast L1 HARQ schemes make retransmissions less costly from a delay perspective compared to an equivalent RNC controlled ARQ mechanism. Therefore, the physical channel can be operated with somewhat higher error probability, which converts directly into enhanced system capacity. The potential capacity gain from fast L1 Node B controlled HARQ strategies and fast Node B scheduling operation is estimated by means of an analytical study, as well as system level simulations. The combined gain obtained by jointly deploying fast Node B scheduling and fast L1 HARQ retransmission schemes is estimated in the range from 25% to 60%, depending on the mobility scenario. Fast Node B scheduling and L1-based HARQ protocols are included in 3GPP's "Feasibility Study for Enhanced Uplink for UTRA FDD" (TR 25.896 V1.1.2, 2003).
Development of Surgical Manipulator System Adapted to MR Environment (2002)

心臓を始めとした体腔内の臓器・器官全般を対象とし, かつMRIの高度かつ無侵襲な計測機能を術中に生かすことを目指して, 心疾患診断・治療統合支援システムの開発を進めている。本システムで開発するマニピュレータシステムの目的は, MRI画像により治療状況を確認しながら行なう外科手術の支援にある。よって, 本研究では強磁場と高出力の高周波が存在するMR環境に適応したシステム構築が大きな課題となる。今回は, この課題に焦点を当てて開発を進めたMRI下での心疾患治療を実現するマニピュレータシステムについて報告する。
An expedient synthesis of 5-<i>n</i>-alkylresorcinols and novel 5-<i>n</i>-alkylresorcinol haptens (2009)

The first synthesis of bioactive long alkyl chain 5-n-alkylresorcinols, present in whole grain products, by a novel modification of the Wittig reaction is described. All the main long chain 5-n-alkylresorcinols present in rye and wheat, including C(23) and C(25) analogues and haptens, which have not been previously prepared, were synthesised. Microwave-promoted reactions of a semi-stabilized ylid and alkanals in water gave good yields in both pressurized and open systems. An alternative microwave-promoted synthesis starting from non-stabilized alkyltriphenylphosphonium salts and 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde worked as well. Aqueous media were suitable for the reactions even if the starting materials were not soluble in water. The 5-n-alkylresorcinols are potential biomarkers of whole grain intake, and the new hapten derivatives of 5-n-alkylresorcinols will open the way for the immunochemical detection techniques of alkylresorcinols.