gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of a Genetic Locus Responsible for Antimicrobial Peptide Resistance in <i>Clostridium difficile</i> (2010)

Clostridium difficile causes chronic intestinal disease, yet little is understood about how the bacterium interacts with and survives in the host. To colonize the intestine and cause persistent disease, the bacterium must circumvent killing by host innate immune factors, such as cationic antimicrobial peptides (CAMPs). In this study, we investigated the effect of model CAMPs on growth and found that C. difficile is not only sensitive to these compounds but also responds to low levels of CAMPs by expressing genes that lead to CAMP resistance. By plating the bacterium on medium containing the CAMP nisin, we isolated a mutant capable of growing in three times the inhibitory concentration of CAMPs. This mutant also showed increased resistance to the CAMPs gallidermin and polymyxin B, demonstrating tolerance to different types of antimicrobial peptides. We identified the mutated gene responsible for the resistance phenotype as CD1352. This gene encodes a putative orphan histidine kinase that lies adjacent to a predicted ABC transporter operon (CD1349 to CD1351). Transcriptional analysis of the ABC transporter genes revealed that this operon was upregulated in the presence of nisin in wild-type cells and was more highly expressed in the CD1352 mutant. The insertional disruption of the CD1349 gene resulted in significant decreases in resistance to the CAMPs nisin and gallidermin but not polymyxin B. Because of their role in cationic antimicrobial peptide resistance, we propose the designation cprABC for genes CD1349 to CD1351 and cprK for the CD1352 gene. These results provide the first evidence of a C. difficile gene associated with antimicrobial peptide resistance.
A Block Lanczos Method for Computing the Singular Values and Corresponding Singular Vectors of a Matrix (1981)

We present a block Lanczos method for computing the greatest singular values and associated vectors of a large and sparse matrix, say A. Our algorithm does not transform A but accesses it through a user-supplied routine that computes the product AX or A tX for a given matrix X.
Testing Frequency and Junior High Students (1967)

As a matter of habit I have always given a twelve to fifteen question quiz to my junior high life science students every five to seven classroom days. This was always done on the untested assumption that a more frequent test versus a test given after three to four weeks of study would tend to motivate the student, serve as a learning device, and lessen the amount of cramming and test anxiety experienced by the student.
Surface Reconstruction Of The Branching Vessels For Augmented Reality Aided Surgery (2002)

This paper describes our work on the reconstruction of the complex liver vessel tree. We demonstrate our method for constructing an arbitrary smooth polygonal representation based on subdivision surfaces using vessel centerlines and radii as input.
Radiation effects on organic materials (1963)

Crosslinking, or polymerization, and cleavage are the chief radiation effects on organic compounds. In a study of lubricants, the stability of the base oil was the most important as pect of radiation resistance. Polyphenyl ethers and alkyl aromatics were the chief lubricants studied. The success of the organic cooland used in OMRE encouraged further research into the nature of radiolysis products as a basis for applying advanced chemical and physical separation shcemes to degraded coolants. Crosslinking increased the tensile strength, hardness, and elastic modulus of plastic, while cleavage had the opposite effect. The major effects observed after irradiation of polyethylene were hydrogen evolution, crosslinkage, increased unsaturation, destruction of crystallinity, and color changes. Mehtacrylate polymers were found to cleave on irradiation. The most significant development in the study of radiation effects on elastomers was the use of additives (antirads) to produce radiation-resistant rubbers. Rubbers vulcanized by irradiation were studied because of their high resistance to aging. (M.C.G.)
Leukotrienes in Rhinitis (2000)

Allergic rhinitis is characterized by the symptoms of nasal itch, sneezing, rhinorrhea, and nasal stuffiness with, in addition, in more severe and chronic disease the development of mucosal swelling that results in impaired sinus drainage, loss of sense of smell, and alteration in eustachian tube function (1). These symptoms and disruption of normal function are consequent on the local release of mediators from activated cells within the nasal mucosa, through interactions with end-organ receptors (2). In this respect the nose differs from the lower respiratory tract in that symptom expression and disordered function are secondary to stimulation of neural, glandular, and vascular components and does not involve airway smooth muscle constriction.
Transrectal ultrasound in the diagnosis of prostate cancer: Location, echogenicity, histopathology, and staging (1985)

Adenocarcinoma of the prostate produces specific ultrasonic findings that can be used in diagnosis. We have examined 211 patients using transrectal ultrasound in both the sagittal and axial planes. Thirty-three carcinomas were detected, and 31 histologically confirmed; 24 by needle biopsy, six by transurethral resection, one by total prostatectomy, and two by the demonstration of distant metastases. On ultrasound, all of the carcinomas were less echogenic than normal prostate. All appeared to originate in the peripheral zone of the prostate and produced asymmetry of the gland. The majority of carcinomas in this series showed capsular involvement and ten penetrated and extended beyond the prostatic capsule. The results of this series indicate that transrectal ultrasound can be used to detect cancer of the prostate gland. Ultrasound demonstrated the extent of tumor involvement and enabled accurate staging of these cancers.
Cryogenic field-effect transistor with single electronic charge sensitivity (1994)

We have fabricated matched pairs of cryogenic field-effect transistors with input charge sensitivity qn=0.01 e/√Hz at T=1.3 K, low input capacitance 0.4 pF, and extremely high input resistance in excess of 1015 Ω. Low leakage permits dc charge-coupled operation for times up to ∼103 s. The channel noise is characterized by a flat spectrum at high frequencies, and 1/f noise below a corner frequency fc&lt;1 kHz. These devices can resolve charge differences as small as qn√fc=0.4e.
Finding the Best Job Applicants for a Job Posting: A Comparison of Human Resources Search Strategies (2017)

Finding the best candidates to match a set of job requirements can be viewed as both an art and a science. In this paper, we conduct an empirical study using actual job candidates and job applicants. We compare the ranked lists generated by executive recruiting experts with the list generated by three search strategies: one using crowdworkers in a gamified environment, a second using information retrieval-based search methods, and a third method which combines information retrieval methods and weighted feature-based approach. We examine these three strategies across two separate job categories - technical and non-technical (management). Our study finds the gamified-enhanced crowdsourcing environment works best for ranking candidates for technical jobs while the text mining and gamified crowdsourcing environments perform equally well for ranking candidates for non-technical jobs. Last, we discuss possible reasons for our results as well as suggest possible enhancements to reduce the gap between our strategies and the HR executive recruiting experts.
The selective NK<sub>3</sub> receptor agonist senktide excites a subpopulation of dopamine‐sensitive neurones in the rat substantia nigra pars compacta <i>in vitro</i> (1992)

Intra- and extracellular recordings were made from substantia nigra zona compacta neurones from an in vitro rat brain slice preparation. A subpopulation of dopamine-sensitive neurones were encountered which were potently excited by bath application of the NK3 receptor agonist, senktide. On these senktide-sensitive neurones, NK1 and NK2 receptor agonists were inactive. The excitatory action of senktide supports a role for tachykinins as putative neurotransmitters in the basal ganglia.
Essential role for autophagy protein Atg7 in the maintenance of axonal homeostasis and the prevention of axonal degeneration (2007)

Autophagy is a regulated lysosomal degradation process that involves autophagosome formation and transport. Although recent evidence indicates that basal levels of autophagy protect against neurodegeneration, the exact mechanism whereby this occurs is not known. By using conditional knockout mutant mice, we report that neuronal autophagy is particularly important for the maintenance of local homeostasis of axon terminals and protection against axonal degeneration. We show that specific ablation of an essential autophagy gene, Atg7, in Purkinje cells initially causes cell-autonomous, progressive dystrophy (manifested by axonal swellings) and degeneration of the axon terminals. Consistent with suppression of autophagy, no autophagosomes are observed in these dystrophic swellings, which is in contrast to accumulation of autophagosomes in the axonal dystrophic swellings under pathological conditions. Axonal dystrophy of mutant Purkinje cells proceeds with little sign of dendritic or spine atrophy, indicating that axon terminals are much more vulnerable to autophagy impairment than dendrites. This early pathological event in the axons is followed by cell-autonomous Purkinje cell death and mouse behavioral deficits. Furthermore, ultrastructural analyses of mutant Purkinje cells reveal an accumulation of aberrant membrane structures in the axonal dystrophic swellings. Finally, we observe double-membrane vacuole-like structures in wild-type Purkinje cell axons, whereas these structures are abolished in mutant Purkinje cell axons. Thus, we conclude that the autophagy protein Atg7 is required for membrane trafficking and turnover in the axons. Our study implicates impairment of axonal autophagy as a possible mechanism for axonopathy associated with neurodegeneration.
Experimental Results of the European HELINOISE Aeroaccoustic Rotor Test in the DNW (1993)

In a major cooperative research program between 8 European partners, a 40%-geometrically scaled and highly instrumented model of the ECD (formerly MBB) BO 105 helicopter main rotor was tested in the open jetanechoic test section of the German-Dutch Wind Tunnel, DNW, in the Netherlands. A comprehensive set of simultanious accoustic and aerodynamic bladde surface pressure data as well as blade dynamic and performance data were measured for the standard rotor with rectangular blade tips. The primary objective of this experimental study was to generate an extensive airload and acoustic database and to examine the relation between the blade pressure characteristics and the acoustic radiation. Initial quantitativeinformation on blade-tipvortex trajector ies and blade positions during blade-vortex interactions was obtained. The blade pressure instrumentation, the experimental equipment used, the test procedures applied, and the scope of the test matrix conducted are briefly explained.
1550nm Optical Interconnect Transceiver with Low Voltage Electroabsorption Modulators Flip-Chip Bonded to 90nm CMOS (2007)

A low-voltage 90 nm CMOS optical interconnect transceiver operating at 1550 nm is presented. This is the first system demonstrated using the recent quasi-waveguide angled facet electroabsorption modulator (QWAFEM), featuring simple electronic and optical packaging.
Characterization of Electronic Charged States of Si-based Quantum Dots for Multi-valued MOS Memories (2006)

We have found that, for Si dots individually charged with a few electrons or holes, characteristic potential profiles with a dimple around the center of the charged Si dot are observed and can be interpreted in terms of the Coulomb repulsion among the charges retained in the dot. By an introduction of Ge core in Si dots, holes can be well-confined in the Ge core while electrons are stored in the Si clad because of the energy band discontinuity at the interface between the Si clad and the Ge core. The influence of ionized impurity doping to Si-QDs on their electron charging and discharging characteristics has also been studied. For metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors and n-channel MOS field-effect-transistors (n-MOSFETs) with Si-QDs floating gates, distinct multiple-step charging to (or discharging from) the Si-QDs floating gate have been confirmed at room temperature, which are regulated presumably by redistribution of injected electrons in the Si-QDs floating gate for further electron injection (or emission)
Identification of a Mutation in SLC30A2 (ZnT-2) in Women with Low Milk Zinc Concentration That Results in Transient Neonatal Zinc Deficiency (2006)

Breast milk normally contains adequate zinc to meet infant requirements up to six months of age; however, transient neonatal zinc deficiency has been documented in exclusively breastfed infants of women with low milk zinc concentration. This condition is not corrected by maternal zinc supplementation, supporting the speculation that it results from an inherited genetic condition. We identified a family in which two exclusively breast-fed infants developed zinc deficiency that was associated with low milk zinc concentration in both women. Sequencing of genomic DNA detected a mis-sense mutation (Ade-->Gua) that substitutes a conserved histidine at amino acid 54 with arginine (H54R) in SLC30A2 (ZnT-2) that is present in both affected subjects and several other siblings. Gene knockdown of SLC30A2 in mammary epithelial cells reduced zinc secretion, illustrating the role of ZnT-2 in zinc secretion from this cell type. Expression of the H54R mutant in human embryonic kidney-293 cells resulted in reduced zinc secretion as a consequence of perinuclear, aggresomal accumulation, whereas co-expression of the H54R mutant and wild-type ZnT-2 did not abrogate increased zinc secretion in cells overexpressing wild-type ZnT-2 alone. Together, these data provide evidence that low milk zinc concentration in some women is a consequence of a genetic disorder resulting from a mutation in SLC30A2 and can result in neonatal zinc deficiency if unrecognized. Further studies are needed to evaluate the incidence and penetrance of this mutation in the human population.
Point-tessellated voxelization (2012)

Applications such as shape matching, visibility processing, rapid manufacturing, and 360 degree display usually require the generation of a voxel representation from a triangle mesh interactively or in real-time. In this paper, we describe a novel framework that uses the hardware tessellation support on the graphics processing unit (GPU) for surface voxelization. To generate gap-free voxelization results with superior performance, our framework uses three stages: triangle subdivision, point generation, and point injection. For even higher temporal efficiency we introduce PN-triangles and displacement mapping to voxelize meshes with rugged surfaces in high resolution.

Our framework can be implemented with simple shader programming, making it readily applicable to a number of real-time applications where both development and runtime efficiencies are of concern.
The effectiveness of turnbuckle splinting for elbow contractures (2000)

We have treated 22 patients with an elbow contracture using a static progressive turnbuckle splint for a mean of 4.5 +/- 1.8 months. All had failed to improve with supervised physiotherapy and splinting. The mean range of flexion before splintage was from 32 +/- 10 degrees to 108 +/- 19 degrees and afterwards from 26 + 10 (p = 0.02) to 127 +/- 12 degrees (p = 0.0001). A total of 11 patients gained a 'functional arc of movement,' defined as at least 30 degrees to 130 degrees. In eight patients movement improved with turnbuckle splinting, but the functional arc was not achieved. Six of these were satisfied and did not wish to proceed with surgical treatment and two had release of the elbow contracture. In three patients movement did not improve with the use of the turnbuckle splint and one subsequently had surgical treatment. Our findings have shown that turnbuckle splinting is a safe and effective treatment which should be considered in patients whose established elbow contractures have failed to respond to conventional physiotherapy.
A new approach to customer asset value assessment with interval numbers (2011)

Customer asset value assessment is an important task in customer relationship management, which can be modelled as a multiple attribute decision-making problem. The research on this topic is not common when the customers’ asset information is not expressed with the exactly numeric forms, for example, in the form of intervals. This paper proposes an approach to the customer asset value assessment problem with customers’ asset information being interval numbers. In the approach, the decision matrix in the form of intervals is normalised firstly. Then, the attribute weights are determined by solving a goal programming model proposed; Based on the weights determined, the weighted distances between the alternatives (i.e. the customers) and the positive ideal alternative and the negative ideal one are calculated. The customers can be ranked based on the relative distances between the alternatives and the negative ideal alternative. An example is used to illustrate the proposed approach.
Deep exemplar-based colorization (2018)

We propose the first deep learning approach for exemplar-based local colorization. Given a reference color image, our convolutional neural network directly maps a grayscale image to an output colorized image. Rather than using hand-crafted rules as in traditional exemplar-based methods, our end-to-end colorization network learns how to select, propagate , and predict colors from the large-scale data. The approach performs robustly and generalizes well even when using reference images that are unrelated to the input grayscale image. More importantly, as opposed to other learning-based colorization methods, our network allows the user to achieve customizable results by simply feeding different references. In order to further reduce manual effort in selecting the references, the system automatically recommends references with our proposed image retrieval algorithm, which considers both semantic and luminance information. The colorization can be performed fully automatically by simply picking the top reference suggestion. Our approach is validated through a user study and favorable quantitative comparisons to the-state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, our approach can be naturally extended to video colorization. Our code and models are freely available for public use.
Fluorescence lifetime imaging with picosecond resolution for biomedical applications (1998)

We describe a novel whole-field fluorescence lifetime imaging system, based on a time-gated image intensifier and a solid-state laser oscillator-amplifier, that images lifetime differences of less than 10 ps. This system was successfully applied to discrimination between biological tissue constituents.
Investigation of the Metallic Phases in Reduced, Impregnated Nickel and Nickel—Copper Silica—Alumina Catalysts (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInvestigation of the Metallic Phases in Reduced, Impregnated Nickel and Nickel—Copper Silica—Alumina CatalystsHarold E. Swift, Frank E. Lutinski, and William L. KehlCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1965, 69, 10, 3268–3274Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100894a008https://doi.org/10.1021/j100894a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views193Altmetric-Citations12LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Toll-Like Receptors Promote Mutually Beneficial Commensal-Host Interactions (2012)

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are evolutionarily conserved transmembrane receptors that detect micro-organisms through the recognition of conserved molecular motifs. With each TLR able to recognize a discrete set of microbial ligands, TLRs represent an important mechanism by which the host detects a variety of microorganisms. Triggering of TLRs by pathogens is classically understood to result in an inflammatory immune response that supports the subsequent clearance of the offending microbe. However, animals are stably colonized by a consortium of symbiotic microbes (the microbiota) that possess many of the same structural motifs as pathogens, which raises the question of how the host is able to peacefully coexist with this community of organisms without suffering from chronic inflammatory disease. Paradoxical to its pro-inflammatory role during infection, recent studies have suggested that commensal bacterial recognition by TLRs is important for limiting inflammation within the intestine. While TLR expression on cells of the innate immune system (macrophages and dendritic cells) is largely thought to account for TLR function, cells of the adaptive immune system (T and B cells) and non-hematopoietic (epithelial) cells also express TLRs. Recent evidence has uncovered that the functional consequence of TLR engagement depends largely on the responding cell type and does not always result in inflammation. Here we will highlight how TLR engagement on epithelia, B and T cells promotes mutually beneficial interactions between hosts and their resident microbes.