gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
1379: Patterns in Detrusor Oxygenation during Flow and Pressure Flow Studies in Men using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) (2006)

You have accessJournal of UrologyModerated Poster, Tuesday, May 23, 2006, 1:00 - 3:00 pm1 Apr 20061379: Patterns in Detrusor Oxygenation during Flow and Pressure Flow Studies in Men using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) Lynn Stothers, Andrew Macnab, and Roy Gagnon Lynn StothersLynn Stothers More articles by this author , Andrew MacnabAndrew Macnab More articles by this author , and Roy GagnonRoy Gagnon More articles by this author View All Author Informationhttps://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-5347(18)33592-4AboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissionsReprints ShareFacebookLinked InTwitterEmail "1379: Patterns in Detrusor Oxygenation during Flow and Pressure Flow Studies in Men using Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)." The Journal of Urology, 175(4S), pp. 444–445 © 2016 by American Urological AssociationFiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Volume 175Issue 4SApril 2006Page: 444-445 Advertisement Copyright & Permissions© 2016 by American Urological AssociationMetricsAuthor Information Lynn Stothers More articles by this author Andrew Macnab More articles by this author Roy Gagnon More articles by this author Expand All Advertisement PDF downloadLoading ...
Specification and validation of dynamic systems using temporal logic (2001)

A specification and validation technique for dynamic systems is proposed. In particular, a new temporal logic, called HDTL, is presented and the tableau method revised for automatic analysis. Using a freeze quantifier, HDTL with the revised tableau method makes it possible to specify the correctness requirements of dynamic systems and validate them. The proposed logic is rather generic, i.e. it has only a few assumptions on operational language. The authors introduce a simple dynamic modelling language and illustrate its experiment. The experiment shows that HDTL is suitable for specifying dynamic properties and the analysis technique is promising.
Branch merging for scheduling concurrent executions of branch operations (1996)

Branches are a major limiting factor to instruction-level parallelism. One solution is to execute several branches simultaneously using multiway branching architectures. Such architectures are especially important when the instruction issue width becomes large. The authors we study the problem of compile-time scheduling of branch operations on such architectures: an optimisation called branch merging. The scheduling attempts to bring profitable branches together for concurrent execution. It is shown that finding the optimal solution to the branch merging problem is NP-hard. A heuristic is then proposed, which relies on a cost model to direct the merging of branches and their associated basic blocks. Merged branches are then scheduled together for concurrent execution. The authors used simulation to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Experiments on selected benchmark programs show that the heuristic achieves roughly a 10% performance improvement on multiway branching architectures.
A True 16-bit 20 KHZ Multibit &amp;Sigma;&amp;Delta; ADC with digital Correction (1992)

A second-order multibit EA A/D converter which uses a simple and fast digital correction scheme is presented. A correlateddouble-sampling fully-differential integrator is used in which the opamp needs only a low slew rate and moderate bandwidth for a baseband frequency of 20.5 kHz and a sampling rate of 5.25 MHz. The modulator, fabricated in a 2p CMOSprocess, shows a S/(N-tD) of 95 dB with an oversampling ratio of only 128 using the new system.
Challenges in Ceramic Science: A Report from the Workshop on Emerging Research Areas in Ceramic Science (2012)

In March 2012, a group of researchers met to discuss emerging topics in ceramic science and to identify grand challenges in the field. By the end of the workshop, the group reached a consensus on eight challenges for the future:—understanding rare events in ceramic microstructures, understanding the phase‐like behavior of interfaces, predicting and controlling heterogeneous microstructures with unprecedented functionalities, controlling the properties of oxide electronics, understanding defects in the vicinity of interfaces, controlling ceramics far from equilibrium, accelerating the development of new ceramic materials, and harnessing order within disorder in glasses. This paper reports the outcomes of the workshop and provides descriptions of these challenges.
Teaching Building Information Modeling as an Integral Part of Freshman Year Civil Engineering Education (2009)

Lack of personnel with Building Information Modeling (BIM) skills is a significant constraint retarding use of the technology in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. Unless BIM is introduced into undergraduate civil engineering curricula in a fundamental way, graduate civil engineers will lack the skills needed to serve a construction industry in which three-dimensional models are the main medium for expression and communication of design intent and the basis for engineering analysis. A mandatory freshman year course titled “Communicating Engineering Information,” which teaches both theoretical and practical aspects of BIM, has been developed to replace the traditional engineering graphics course at the Technion. The main lesson learned through four semesters of teaching the class is that students find BIM tools intuitive and therefore relatively easy to learn; the majority of lecture hours are now devoted to the conceptual aspects of BIM and the principles for preparing models that can be analyzed in multiple ways. BIM can and should be taught in its own right, and not as an extension to computer-aided drawing. The skills students have been able to bring to bear in design courses later in their university education indicate that the approach is sound and will enable graduates to meet the needs of the civil engineering profession in the “BIM age.”
Lewis Base Effects in the Baylis−Hillman Reaction of Imines with Methyl Vinyl Ketone (2002)

In the Baylis−Hillman reaction of N-benzylidene-4-methylbenzenesulfonamide with methyl vinyl ketone (MVK), we found that, in the presence of a catalytic amount of DMAP, PPh3 or DABCO as Lewis base, the Baylis−Hillman reaction can be greatly accelerated to give the normal Baylis−Hillman adducts 1 in good or very high yields. However, with PBu3 as a Lewis base, the abnormal Baylis−Hillman adducts 2 and 3 were formed under the same reaction conditions. The effect of the substituents was also examined and a plausible reaction mechanism proposed.
Robust double auction protocol against false-name bids (2002)

Internet auctions have become an integral part of electronic commerce (EC) and a promising field for applying agent technologies. Although the Internet provides an excellent infrastructure for large-scale auctions, we must consider the possibility of a new type of cheating, i.e., a bidder trying to profit from submitting several bids under fictitious names (false-name bids). Double auctions are an important subclass of auction protocols that permit multiple buyers and sellers to bid to exchange a good, and have been widely used in stock, bond, and foreign exchange markets. If there exists no false-name bid, a double auction protocol called PMD protocol has proven to be dominant-strategy incentive compatible. On the other hand, if we consider the possibility of false-name bids, the PMD protocol is no longer dominant-strategy incentive compatible. We develop a new double auction protocol called the Threshold Price Double auction (TPD) protocol, which is dominant strategy incentive compatible even if participants can submit false-name bids. The characteristics of the TPD protocol is that the number of trades and prices of exchange are controlled by the threshold price. Simulation results show that this protocol can achieve a social surplus that is very close to being Pareto efficient.
Effect of rainfall on cellular signal strength: A study on the variation of RSSI at user end of smartphone during rainfall (2017)

Rainfall is a natural phenomenon whose temporal and geographical distribution varies widely across the globe. Wireless communications suffer a loss in network quality during rainfall which can affect the regional communication for a while. Growing concerns of climatic change also encourage to study the effects of natural phenomena like rainfall on other measurable parameters. In this work, we study the effects of rainfall on cellular signal strength at the user end, especially on RSSI (Received Signal Strength Indicator). RSSI is a measure of the power present in a received radio signal. Rainfall can cause natural interference over transmitting signals (radio waves) in microwave links. We use Signal Strength Android Application Programming Interface Keys popularly known as APIs to get realtime RSSI readings from smartphones. Rainfall intensity measurements are made by rain gauges. It has been concluded from the analysis that during rainfall there is a drop in RSSI values from the all-day mean.
Detection of Avian Tumor Virus RNA in Uninfected Chicken Embryo Cells (1973)

Uninfected chicken embryo cells were analyzed for the presence of viral ribonucleic acid (RNA) by molecular hybridization with the single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) product of the RNA-dependent DNA polymerase contained in avian sarcoma-leukosis virions. Viral RNA was detected in all cells which contained the avian tumor virus group-specific antigen and the virus-related helper factor. The amounts of viral RNA in these cells ranged from approximately 3 to 40 copies of viral-specific sequences per cell. In general, the viral RNA content correlated with the level of helper activity in the cells. Cells infected with Rous-associated virus 2 contained 3,000 to 4,000 copies of viral RNA per cell. RNA from these infected cells hybridized with nearly 100% of the viral (3)H-DNA. By contrast, a maximum of less than 50% hybridization was obtained with RNA from the uninfected helper-positive cells, suggesting that not all of the viral RNA sequences were present in these cells. No viral RNA was detected in cells which lacked group-specific antigen and helper activity. Under the conditions used in these studies, less than 0.3 viral genome equivalents of RNA per cell would have been detected.
On querying versions of multiversion data warehouse (2004)

A data warehouse (DW) is fed with data that come from external data sources that are production systems. External data sources, which are usually autonomous, often change not only their content but also their structure. The evolution of external data sources has to be reflected in a DW, that uses the sources. Traditional DW systems offer a limited support for handling dynamics in their structure and content. A promising approach to handling changes in DW structure and content is based on a multiversion data warehouse. In such a DW, each DW version describes a schema and data at certain period of time or a given business scenario, created for simulation purposes. In order to appropriately analyze multiversion data, an extension to a traditional SQL language is required. In this paper we propose an approach to querying a multiversion DW. To this end, we extended a SQL language and built a multiversion query language interface with functionality that allows: (1) expressing queries that address several DW versions and (2) presenting their results annotated with metadata information.
Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of benzo[b]thienylallylamine antimycotics (1991)

Benzo[b]thiophene analogues of the allylamine antimycotic terbinafine (2) bearing the side chain at various positions and optionally substituted by halogen have been prepared and their antifungal activity studied. Derivatives bearing the side chain at positions 3, 4, or 7 are bioequivalents of 2. Compounds containing the allylamine side chain at position 7, with a further substituent at position 3, showed significantly enhanced activity against Candida albicans, an effect which appears to be specifically linked only to this particular substitution pattern. 3-Chloro-7-benzo[b]thienyl derivative 7m was found to be the most potent allylamine antimycotic identified so far. In general, substituted benzo[b]thiophenes can be used not only as potential equivalents of naphthalene in bioactive compounds but also as a tool to selectively modify biological activities.
Chemotherapy enhances vaccine‐induced antitumor immunity in melanoma patients (2008)

Combination of chemotherapy with cancer vaccines is currently regarded as a potentially valuable therapeutic approach for the treatment of some metastatic tumors, but optimal modalities remain unknown. We designed a phase I/II pilot study for evaluating the effects of dacarbazine (DTIC) on the immune response in HLA-A2(+) disease-free melanoma patients who received anticancer vaccination 1 day following chemotherapy (800 mg/mq i.v.). The vaccine, consisting of a combination of HLA-A2 restricted melanoma antigen A (Melan-A/MART-1) and gp100 analog peptides (250 microg each, i.d.), was administered in combination or not with DTIC to 2 patient groups. The combined treatment is nontoxic. The comparative immune monitoring demonstrates that patients receiving DTIC 1 day before the vaccination have a significantly improved long-lasting memory CD8(+) T cell response. Of relevance, these CD8(+) T cells recognize and lyse HLA-A2(+)/Melan-A(+) tumor cell lines. Global transcriptional analysis of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) revealed a DTIC-induced activation of genes involved in cytokine production, leukocyte activation, immune response and cell motility that can favorably condition tumor antigen-specific CD8(+) T cell responses. This study represents a proof in humans of a chemotherapy-induced enhancement of CD8(+) memory T cell response to cancer vaccines, which opens new opportunities to design novel effective combined therapies improving cancer vaccination effectiveness.
A perspective on machine translation (1984)

Although first-generation machine-translation systems have in many cases provided a cost-effective alternative to manual translation, truly highquality machine translation has awaited the development of such advances as language-free representation or interlingua and knowledge-based techniques like "preference semantics" and "conceptual dependency."
Freeform surface lens design for uniform illumination (2008)

A method of designing refractive freeform surface lenses for uniform illumination is described. Using Snell's law, the differential equations are given to denote the relationship between the directions of the normal of the freeform surface and the input/output ray vectors; the Runge–Kutta formulae are used to calculate it. Moreover, two optical models for uniform illumination are discussed. By this process, uniform, narrow divergence half-angle, high-usage illumination over the given area is achieved. Some practical examples are also included in this paper.
教師解聘、停聘、不續聘事由之研究-以性侵害、性騷擾、性霸凌為中心 (2017)

教師法第14條第1項眾多解聘事由裡，又以性騷擾、性霸凌之解聘事由最為有爭議，因為性騷擾本身之定義就十分模糊，且目前實務上學校依性別平等教育法組成之性別平等教育委員會是否有認定性騷擾、性霸凌之專業能力，又性平會之調查過程是否嚴謹、給予當事人教師之防禦程序是否充足、有無對證人詰問之權利等等皆對於性騷擾認定事實之過程存有爭議，更甚者，目前實務上對於性平會於個案中認定有無成立性騷擾皆採取非常寬鬆之審查標準 ，理由不外乎以性騷擾，乃屬不確定之法律概念，具高度屬人性，性平會及教評會，自亦擁有判斷餘地，法院亦僅採取「較低之審查密度」，此種看法是否正確，本文將探討之。最後有關性騷擾是否需情節重大方得以解聘，目前尚有爭議，本篇文章將就此爭議詳細探討。
Predictive line search: an efficient motion estimation algorithm for MPEG-4 encoding systems on multimedia processors (2003)

This paper describes an efficient motion estimation algorithm, the predictive line search (PLS), for real-time implementations of MPEG-4 encoder on multimedia processors. The motion-vector predictor is used as the starting point in the search process because the correlation between neighboring motion vectors is strong. The line search pattern is used in the proposed algorithm to reduce the memory access as well as to exploit the special multimedia processor instructions for sum of absolute difference calculations. Experimental results show that the performance of the PLS is very close to that of the full-search (FS) algorithm. Compared with the well-known diamond search and one-dimensional FS, the PLS shows better performance and robustness, especially for high motion sequences. A prototype MPEG-4 encoding system is implemented on a 216-MHz multimedia processor with very long instruction word architecture to verify the effectiveness of the PLS. Real-time encoding of MPEG-4 Simple Profile Level 3 (CIF, 30 fps) can be achieved with only 57% of the processor load.
The drought of the century in the Amazon Basin: an analysis of the regional variation of rainfall in South America in 1926 (2005)

The most severe drought in tropical South America during the 20th century occurred in 1926. This extreme El Nino year is further documented anecdotally, in an update of the river stage observations at Manaus, and in annual rainfall records. The annual rainfall anomaly is an east-west dipole over tropical South America, with drought to the west over the Amazon basin whose discharge is documented at Manaus, and with a surplus to the east and including the Nordeste region of Brazil. Speculations about a role for aerosol in aggravating the drought are discussed.
Generation of color images with one-step rainbow holograms (1978)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Hsuan Chen, Anthony Tai, and F. T. S. Yu, "Generation of color images with one-step rainbow holograms," Appl. Opt. 17, 1490-1491 (1978) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
The ketogenic diet in a pill: Is this possible? (2008)

Over the past decade, much progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of ketogenic diet (KD) action. From the complex systemic and metabolic changes induced by the KD have emerged innovative hypotheses attempting to link biochemical adaptations to its clinical effects. Despite such developments, the fundamental question of how the KD works remains as elusive as ever. At present, it is unclear which of the many potential mechanisms proposed thus far are directly relevant to the clinical effects of the KD. It is unlikely that these numerous hypotheses can be unified into a single mechanism (or a final common pathway). Nevertheless, it may be instructive to consider each of these putative mechanisms in turn and ask the following question: if the mechanism or target in question is a critical determinant of the anticonvulsant efficacy of the KD, then would a similar intervention known to be based on that mechanism yield a comparable effect? Perhaps answering this question for each mechanistic speculation might help substantiate (or invalidate) that particular hypothesis. Can the KD be packaged into a pill? At present, the answer is likely "no." We have yet to discover a "magic bullet" that completely mirrors the anticonvulsant (and potential neuroprotective) effects of the KD. However, without a clearer understanding of the mechanistic elements comprising the complex metabolic puzzle posed by the KD, we would be left only with empiric observations, and to wonder curiously how a high-fat diet can exert such profound clinical effects.
Neural Representation of Task Difficulty and Decision Making during Perceptual Categorization: A Timing Diagram (2006)

When does the brain know that a decision is difficult to make? How does decision difficulty affect the allocation of neural resources and timing of constituent cortical processing? Here, we use single-trial analysis of electroencephalography (EEG) to identify neural correlates of decision difficulty and relate these to neural correlates of decision accuracy. Using a cued paradigm, we show that we can identify a component in the EEG that reflects the inherent task difficulty and not simply a correlation with the stimulus. We find that this decision difficulty component arises approximately 220 ms after stimulus presentation, between two EEG components that are predictive of decision accuracy [an "early" (170 ms) and a "late" (approximately 300 ms) component]. We use these results to develop a timing diagram for perceptual decision making and relate the component activities to parameters of a diffusion model for decision making.
Adaptive photoreceptor with wide dynamic range (2002)

We describe a photoreceptor circuit that can be used in massively parallel analog VLSI silicon chips, in conjunction with other local circuits, to perform initial analog visual information processing. The receptor provides a continuous-time output that has low gain for static signals (including circuit mismatches), and high gain for transient signals that are centered around the adaptation point. The response is logarithmic, which makes the response to a fixed image contrast invariant to absolute light intensity. The 5-transistor receptor can be fabricated in an area of about 70 /spl mu/m by 70 /spl mu/m in a 2-/spl mu/m single-poly CMOS technology. It has a dynamic range of 1-2 decades at a single adaptation level, and a total dynamic range of more than 6 decades. Several technical improvements in the circuit yield an additional 1-2 decades dynamic range over previous designs without sacrificing signal quality. The lower limit of the dynamic range, defined arbitrarily as the illuminance at which the bandwidth of the receptor is 60 Hz, is at approximately 1 lux, which is the border between rod and cone vision and also the limit of current consumer video cameras. The receptor uses an adaptive element that is resistant to excess minority carrier diffusion. The continuous and logarithmic transduction process makes the bandwidth scale with intensity. As a result, the total AC RMS receptor noise is constant, independent of intensity. The spectral density of the noise is within a factor of two of pure photon shot noise and varies inversely with intensity. The connection between shot and thermal noise in a system governed by Boltzmann statistics is beautifully illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The<i>Chlamydomonas reinhardtii</i>Plastid Chromosome (2002)

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a unicellular eukaryotic alga possessing a single chloroplast that is widely used as a model system for the study of photosynthetic processes. This report analyzes the surprising structural and evolutionary features of the completely sequenced 203,395-bp plastid chromosome. The genome is divided by 21.2-kb inverted repeats into two single-copy regions of approximately 80 kb and contains only 99 genes, including a full complement of tRNAs and atypical genes encoding the RNA polymerase. A remarkable feature is that >20% of the genome is repetitive DNA: the majority of intergenic regions consist of numerous classes of short dispersed repeats (SDRs), which may have structural or evolutionary significance. Among other sequenced chlorophyte plastid genomes, only that of the green alga Chlorella vulgaris appears to share this feature. The program MultiPipMaker was used to compare the genic complement of Chlamydomonas with those of other chloroplast genomes and to scan the genomes for sequence similarities and repetitive DNAs. Among the results was evidence that the SDRs were not derived from extant coding sequences, although some SDRs may have arisen from other genomic fragments. Phylogenetic reconstruction of changes in plastid genome content revealed that an accelerated rate of gene loss also characterized the Chlamydomonas/Chlorella lineage, a phenomenon that might be independent of the proliferation of SDRs. Together, our results reveal a dynamic and unusual plastid genome whose existence in a model organism will allow its features to be tested functionally.
Molecular Architecture of the Human Sinus Node (2009)

Ion channels show a complex and heterogeneous pattern of expression in the SN, paranodal area, and RA in humans, and the expression pattern is appropriate to explain pacemaking.