gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fast diffusion of As in polycrystalline silicon during rapid thermal annealing (1984)

The diffusion of As in polycrystalline silicon films subjected to rapid thermal annealing has been studied using sheet resistance and Rutherford backscattering. The polycrystalline Si films were deposited on oxidized silicon wafers, implanted with As, and annealed with a Varian IA-200 isothermal annealer. Infrared radiation from a resistively heated sheet of graphite heats the wafer, in a vacuum, to temperatures &gt;1000 °C for times on the order of a few seconds. The rate of diffusion and rate of loss of As from the polycrystalline Si is much faster than the diffusion rate and loss rate in single crystal Si annealed with identical conditions. Diffusion prior to grain growth agrees with previously reported results for As in polycrystalline Si. However, grain growth appears to enhance As diffusion.
Enseñanza de la estadística y la media. (2014)

En el presente estudio, se pretende caracterizar el proceso de ensenanza de la estadistica y la media en el programa de psicologia en la Universidad Cooperativa sede Neiva para plantear aspectos relevantes en una propuesta didactica para los estudiantes. Es un estudio con un diseno metodologico transversal, descriptivo cuali-cuantitativo; los instrumentos utilizados fueron la encuesta y la revision documental. Como resultado se obtuvo que los docentes y estudiantes coinciden en que la ensenanza de la estadistica y la media esta caracterizada por una clase magistral, el estudiante como receptor de conceptos, el tablero principal recurso didactico, y por no utilizar la evaluacion para despejar dudas individuales. Se concluye que la ensenanza de la estadistica debe propender por crear una cultura estadistica, puesto que su objeto de estudio es utilizado por otras disciplinas para adelantar procesos investigativos y por el ciudadano, para la lectura de informacion significativa.
Modelling of Drug Disposition Kinetics in<i>In Vitro</i>Intestinal Absorption Cell Models (2009)

One major prerequisite for an orally administered drug is the ability to cross the intestinal epithelia from intestinal lumen into the blood circulation. Therefore, the absorption potential of molecules is studied early on during the drug development process. Permeation experiments using cultured cell monolayers are one of the most often applied methods to screen and also to predict in more detail the intestinal absorption potential of molecules in preclinical phase. Furthermore, these studies are also used to screen the molecules for transporter interactions as well as for more detailed mechanistic studies of the transfer routes involved. Several mathematical and computational models with complexity varying from simple non-mechanistic single barrier models to mechanistically more detailed compartmental models have been developed to describe the drug disposition during these in vitro permeation experiments. This MiniReview gives an overview of these models and their applications. Also the implications of these models to the prediction of intestinal absorption in vivo are discussed.
The Structure of Teichoic Acid from <i>Bacillus subtilis</i> var. <i>niger</i> WM as Determined by <sup>13</sup>C Nuclear‐Magnetic‐Resonance Spectroscopy (1976)

The walls of Bacillus subtilis var. niger WM, grown in a Mg2+ -limited chemostat culture (carbon source glucose, dilution rate = 0.2 h(-1), 37 degrees C, pH 7) contained 45% (w/w) teichoic acid, a polymer composed of glycerol, phosphate[ and glucose in the molar ratio 1.00:1.00:0.88, respectively. Alkaline hydrolysis of this teichoic acid yeilded 1-O-beta-glucosylglycerol phosphate (together with small amounts of glycerol phosphate0 and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of this hydrolysis product, and its derivative after alkaline phosphate treatment, confirmed that the monomeric unit was 1-O-beta-glucosylglycerol-3-phosphate. Assignment of the resonances in the spectrum of undergraded teichoic acid revealed that the polymer was a poly [(2,3) glycerol phosphate 1, glucosidically substituted on C-1 of glycerol with beta-glucose.
Interleukin-27 and Interferon-γ Are Involved in Regulation of Autoimmune Arthritis (2010)

Inflammation underlying immune pathology and tissue damage involves an intricate interplay between multiple immunological and biochemical mediators. Cytokines represent the key immune mediators that trigger a cascade of reactions that drive processes such as angiogenesis and proteolytic damage to tissues. IL-17 has now been shown to be a pivotal cytokine in many autoimmune diseases, supplanting the traditional Th1-Th2 paradigm. Also, the dual role of proinflammatory IFN-γ has unraveled new complexities in the cytokine biology of such disorders. A major hurdle in fully understanding the effector pathways in these disorders is the lack of information regarding the temporal kinetics of the cytokines during the course of the disease, as well as the interplay among the key cytokines. Using an experimental model of arthritic inflammation, we demonstrate that the temporal expression of cytokines during the incubation phase is a critical determinant of disease susceptibility. The susceptible rats raised a vigorous IL-17 response early, followed by IFN-γ and IL-27 response in that sequence, whereas the resistant rats displayed an early and concurrent response to these three cytokines. Accordingly, treatment with exogenous IFN-γ/IL-27 successfully controlled arthritic inflammation and inhibited the defined mediators of inflammation, angiogenesis, cell survival, apoptosis, and tissue damage. Furthermore, IFN-γ enhanced IL-27 secretion, revealing a cooperative interplay between the two cytokines. Our results offer a novel immunobiochemical perspective on the pathogenesis of autoimmune arthritis and its therapeutic control.
Car navigation system with image recognition (2009)

Many cars now have on-board cameras, and many kinds of driver support systems that use image recognition are being developed. We developed a car navigation system with image recognition that enhances drivers' safety, convenience, and entertainment.
Wavelet domain least squares deconvolution for ultrasonic backscattered signals (2002)

In biomedical ultrasound, it is often required to eliminate the spectral shaping caused by the transducer from the backscattered signal to obtain the pure tissue response for diagnostic purposes. Here, the authors deconvolve ultrasonic backscattered signals using a least squares deconvolution method in the wavelet domain. The ultrasonic echo is often modeled as the convolution of the transducer impulse response and the response of the medium. The authors solve this deconvolution problem by estimating a filter which approximates the inverse of the transducer impulse response. Therefore, applying this filter to the echo yields the tissue response and applying it to the transducer impulse response results in an impulse function. In this work, the authors assume that the tissue response exhibits 1/f type spectral behavior. Hence, they use the wavelet transform in the deconvolution algorithm for the 1/f signals, which has the useful property that the logarithm of the variance of the wavelet coefficients in each stage progresses linearly. Initially the authors estimate a rough inverse filter using the transducer impulse response. Then, they optimize this filter by minimizing an error criterion defined by using the linear progression property of the logarithmic variance of the wavelet coefficients for the 1/f signals. The authors present the error minimization algorithm and the deconvolution results for tissue mimicking phantom data.
Bidirectional dynamic data transmission through a rotary interface (2005)

A multichannel bidirectional dynamic data transmission system (DDTS) through a rotary interface with one fiber is designed based on a fabricated single pass fiber optic rotary joint. The feasibility of transmission system is tested at both 1310- and 1550-nm wavelength bands. The performance of this DDTS was measured using optical spectrum analyzer and lightwave multimeter. The insertion losses of DDTS were 1.55 and 1.20 dB at 1310- and 1550-nm wavelength bands, respectively. The total bandwidth of the DDTS is more than 170 nm.
Flavor Threshold for Acetaldehyde in Milk, Chocolate Milk, and Spring Water Using Solid Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography for Quantification (2001)

The detection threshold of acetaldehyde was determined on whole, lowfat, and nonfat milks, chocolate-flavored milk, and spring water. Knowledge of the acetaldehyde threshold is important because acetaldehyde forms in milk during storage as a result of light oxidation. It is also a degradation product of poly(ethylene terephthalate) during melt processing, a relatively new packaging choice for milk and water. There was no significant difference in the acetaldehyde threshold in milk of various fat contents, with thresholds ranging from 3939 to 4040 ppb. Chocolate-flavored milk and spring water showed thresholds of 10048 and 167 ppb, respectively, which compares favorably with previous studies. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) was verified as an effective method for the recovery of acetaldehyde in all media with detection levels as low as 200 and 20 ppb in milk and water, respectively, when using a polydimethyl siloxane/Carboxen SPME fiber in static headspace at 45 degrees C for 15 min.
LBPS 01–05 GANODERMA LUCIDUM POLYSACCHARIDE PEPTIDES AS ANTIOXIDANT, ANTI-INFLAMMATION, ANTI-HYPERTENSION AND ANTI-LIPID IN HIGH-RISK PATIENTS OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS (2016)

Objective: Ganoderma lucidum is a type of mushroom that has been used for thousands years throughout Asia. It is known to demonstrate numerous health benefiting properties including antioxidant, anti-inflammation, anticancer effects, hypoglycemic and blood cholesterol reducing properties. This research was conducted to determine the efficacy of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide peptides (PSP) as anti-inflammation and antioxidant in cardiovascular disease Design and Method: This is a prospective study with pre-test and post-test design of 37 high-risk patients of cardiovascular disease based on the Framingham Risk Score that was conducted for 3 months. Patients were advised to consume PSP 3×250 mg as an adjuvant to their previous medications. The primary endpoint was the change in cholesterol levels, blood pressure and antioxidant markers. Results: The administration of PSP 3x250 mg could reduce total cholesterol level by 3.48 ± 46.9 mg/dl (p = 0.672). Both pre- and post-test of total cholesterol are significantly correlated (r = 0.618, p = 0.000). PSP administration, however, increased the level of HDL cholesterol by 7.84 ± 10.79 (p = 0.000). The systolic blood pressure decreased from 130.14 ± 43.37 mmHg to 118.24 ± 55.68 (p = 0.109), and the diastolic blood pressure decreased from 80 ± 25.74 mmHg to 73.24 ± 33.85 mmHg (p = 0.102). Despite a great reduction of blood pressure to normal range, it was not statistically significant. The reduction of anti-inflammatory markers interleukin-6 (IL-6), from 279.75 ± 120.76 to 29.32 ± 26.44 (p = 0.000) and TNF alpha, from 13447.84 ± 2199.46 to 544.85 ± 292.06 (p = 0.000) were significant. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level also decreased significantly with PSP treatment for 3 months (p = 0.000). Conclusions: The administration of polysaccharide peptides of Ganoderma lucidum for three months in high-risk patients with hypertension can reduce the blood pressure within normal range, improve total cholesterol level and significantly play role as anti-inflammation and antioxidant in cardiovascular disease.
Base-Flipping Mutations of Uracil DNA Glycosylase:  Substrate Rescue Using a Pyrene Nucleotide Wedge (2002)

We recently introduced a new substrate rescue tool for investigating enzymatic base flipping by uracil DNA glycosylase (UDG) in which a bulky pyrene nucleotide wedge (Y) was placed opposite a uracil in duplex DNA (i.e., a U/Y pair), thereby preorganizing the target base in an extrahelical conformation [Jiang, Y. L., et al. (2001) J. Biol. Chem. 276, 42347-54]. The pyrene wedge completely rescued the large catalytic defects resulting from removal of the natural Leu191 wedge, presumably mimicking the pushing and plugging function of this group. Here we employ the pyrene rescue method in combination with transient kinetic approaches to assess the functional roles of six conserved enzymatic groups of UDG that have been implicated in the "pinch, push, plug, and pull" base-flipping mechanism (see the preceding paper in this issue). We find that a U/Y base pair increases the apparent second-order rate constant for damaged site recognition by L191G pushing mutation by 45-fold as compared to a U/A pair, thereby fully rescuing the kinetic effects of the mutation. Remarkably, the U/Y pair also allows L191G to proceed through the conformational docking step that is severely comprised with the normal U/A substrate, and allows the active site of UDG to clamp around the extrahelical base. Thus, pyrene also fulfills the plugging role of the Leu191 side chain. Preorganization of uracil in an extrahelical conformation by pyrene allows diffusion-controlled damage recognition by all of these base-flipping mutants, and allows the UDG conformational change to proceed as rapidly as the rate of uracil flipping with the natural U/A base pair. Thus, the pyrene wedge substrate allows UDG to recognize uracil by a lock-and-key mechanism, rather than the natural induced-fit mechanism. Unnatural pyrene base pairs may provide a general strategy to promote site-specific targeting of other enzymes that recognize extrahelical bases.
High concentrations of dexamethasone suppress the proliferation but not the differentiation or further maturation of human osteoblast precursors in vitro: relevance to glucocorticoid‐induced osteoporosis (2001)

A decrease in the proliferation of osteogenic precursors, but not in their differentiation or maturation, is likely to be a key factor in the genesis of GC-induced bone loss.
Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionisation, Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry in Genomics Research (2006)

The beginning of this millennium has seen dramatic advances in genomic research. Milestones such as the complete sequencing of the human genome and of many other species were achieved and complemented by the systematic discovery of variation at the single nucleotide (SNP) and whole segment (copy number polymorphism) level. Currently most genomics research efforts are concentrated on the production of whole genome functional annotations, as well as on mapping the epigenome by identifying the methylation status of CpGs, mainly in CpG islands, in different tissues. These recent advances have a major impact on the way genetic research is conducted and have accelerated the discovery of genetic factors contributing to disease. Technology was the critical driving force behind genomics projects: both the combination of Sanger sequencing with high-throughput capillary electrophoresis and the rapid advances in microarray technologies were keys to success. MALDI-TOF MS-based genome analysis represents a relative newcomer in this field. Can it establish itself as a long-term contributor to genetics research, or is it only suitable for niche areas and for laboratories with a passion for mass spectrometry? In this review, we will highlight the potential of MALDI-TOF MS-based tools for resequencing and for epigenetics research applications, as well as for classical complex genetic studies, allele quantification, and quantitative gene expression analysis. We will also identify the current limitations of this approach and attempt to place it in the context of other genome analysis technologies.
PCA3 Molecular Urine Test as a Predictor of Repeat Prostate Biopsy Outcome in Men with Previous Negative Biopsies: A Prospective Multicenter Clinical Study (2013)

The PCA3 score supplements serum prostate specific antigen and other clinical information to provide more accurate prediction of repeat biopsy outcome. Thus, it provides clinicians and patients with independent, clinically useful information to make more informed repeat biopsy decisions.
Message in a bottle: lessons learned from antagonism of STING signalling during RNA virus infection (2014)

STING has emerged in recent years as an important signalling adaptor in the activation of type I interferon responses during infection with DNA viruses and bacteria. An increasing body of evidence suggests that STING also modulates responses to RNA viruses, though the mechanisms remain less clear. In this review, we give a brief overview of the ways in which STING facilitates sensing of RNA viruses. These include modulation of RIG-I-dependent responses through STING's interaction with MAVS, and more speculative mechanisms involving the DNA sensor cGAS and sensing of membrane remodelling events. We then provide an in-depth literature review to summarise the known mechanisms by which RNA viruses of the families Flaviviridae and Coronaviridae evade sensing through STING. Our own work has shown that the NS2B/3 protease complex of the flavivirus dengue virus binds and cleaves STING, and that an inability to degrade murine STING may contribute to host restriction in this virus. We contrast this to the mechanism employed by the distantly related hepacivirus hepatitis C virus, in which STING is bound and inactivated by the NS4B protein. Finally, we discuss STING antagonism in the coronaviruses SARS coronavirus and human coronavirus NL63, which disrupt K63-linked polyubiquitination and dimerisation of STING (both of which are required for STING-mediated activation of IRF-3) via their papain-like proteases. We draw parallels with less-well characterised mechanisms of STING antagonism in related viruses, and place our current knowledge in the context of species tropism restrictions that potentially affect the emergence of new human pathogens.
What Makes a Style: Experimental Analysis of Fashion Prediction (2017)

In this work, we perform an experimental analysis of the differences of both how humans and machines see and distinguish fashion styles. For this purpose, we propose an expert-curated new dataset for fashion style prediction, which consists of 14 different fashion styles each with roughly 1,000 images of worn outfits. The dataset, with a total of 13,126 images, captures the diversity and complexity of modern fashion styles. We perform an extensive analysis of the dataset by benchmarking a wide variety of modern classification networks, and also perform an in-depth user study with both fashion-savvy and fashion-naïve users. Our results indicate that, although classification networks are able to outperform naive users, they are still far from the performance of savvy users, for which it is important to not only consider texture and color, but subtle differences in the combination of garments.
Dual-frequency operation of a planar inverted-L antenna with tapered patch width (2000)

A planar inverted-L antenna with a linearly tapered patch width for dual-frequency operation is proposed. The proposed antenna is directly fed by a 50 Ω microstrip line, and by varying the tapering angle of the radiating patch, dual-frequency operation with a frequency ratio of about 1.67–2.29 can be obtained. The two operating frequencies have the same polarization planes, and have good broadside radiation characteristics. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 28: 126–127, 2001.
Addition of protease inhibitors to culture medium of neuroblastoma cells induces both neurite outgrowth and phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein MAP-1B (1991)

The addition of two synthetic peptides with antiprotease activity to the culture medium of mouse neuroblastoma cells results in the promotion of neurite outgrowth. One of these peptides has a sequence corresponding to the reactive center of protease nexin-1 and inhibits both trypsin and thrombin. Its effect on neuroblastoma cells is similar to that found on serum withdrawal from the culture medium, giving rise to cells with one or two long neurites, and is reversed upon the addition of thrombin to the culture medium. The sequence of the other peptide is present in one of the precursor proteins of the main component of the amyloid plaques of Alzheimer's disease patients' brains, and corresponds to protease nexin-2. It can inhibit trypsin but fails to inhibit thrombin at low doses. Its effect on neuroblastoma cells is slightly different from that observed after serum deprivation, as a significant proportion of stellate cells, with short and branched neurites, is observed. An increase in the phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein MAP-1B, which accompanies neurite outgrowth induced by serum deprivation, is also observed upon addition of the two antiprotease synthetic peptides, although the nexin-2 (amyloid) peptide induces a less marked increase in phosphorylated MAP-1B than does the nexin-1 peptide. These results may be correlated with the different antiprotease activities of both synthetic peptides, thus suggesting a role for a balance between trypsin-like and thrombin-like proteases and their inhibitors in eliciting neurite outgrowth under normal and pathological conditions.
Constant frequency hysteretic PWM controlled buck converter (2009)

This paper presents a constant frequency hysteretic PWM controlled buck converter. In order to have good transient responses for input voltage and load current changes, a new PWM control method with inherent derivative characteristics is proposed. The proposed PWM controller consists of a comparator, a simple RC network and operational amplifier, and it can be synchronized with an external clock signal. Since the converter operates at a constant frequency, it is easy not only to design an output filter but also to apply to multi-phase converters. The theoretical and experimental verification of the proposed method are presented and excellent steady state, dynamic performances, and transient characteristics are realized.
Transcriptomic Analysis of Rice (Oryza sativa) Developing Embryos Using the RNA-Seq Technique (2012)

Rice (Oryza sativa) is an excellent model monocot with a known genome sequence for studying embryogenesis. Here we report the transcriptome profiling analysis of rice developing embryos using RNA-Seq as an attempt to gain insight into the molecular and cellular events associated with rice embryogenesis. RNA-Seq analysis generated 17,755,890 sequence reads aligned with 27,190 genes, which provided abundant data for the analysis of rice embryogenesis. A total of 23,971, 23,732, and 23,592 genes were identified from embryos at three developmental stages (3-5, 7, and 14 DAP), while an analysis between stages allowed the identification of a subset of stage-specific genes. The number of genes expressed stage-specifically was 1,131, 1,443, and 1,223, respectively. In addition, we investigated transcriptomic changes during rice embryogenesis based on our RNA-Seq data. A total of 1,011 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) (log(2)Ratio ≥ 1, FDR ≤ 0.001) were identified; thus, the transcriptome of the developing rice embryos changed considerably. A total of 672 genes with significant changes in expression were detected between 3-5 and 7 DAP; 504 DEGs were identified between 7 and 14 DAP. A large number of genes related to metabolism, transcriptional regulation, nucleic acid replication/processing, and signal transduction were expressed predominantly in the early and middle stages of embryogenesis. Protein biosynthesis-related genes accumulated predominantly in embryos at the middle stage. Genes for starch/sucrose metabolism and protein modification were highly expressed in the middle and late stages of embryogenesis. In addition, we found that many transcription factor families may play important roles at different developmental stages, not only in embryo initiation but also in other developmental processes. These results will expand our understanding of the complex molecular and cellular events in rice embryogenesis and provide a foundation for future studies on embryo development in rice and other cereal crops.