gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulator (2010)

The key innovation of the described Hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulator is the use of flexible and software reconfigurable signal-conditioning to establish connectivity between the HIL simulator and the prototype Electronic Controller Units (ECUs) in the Electronic Body System (EBS) of a vehicle. In the automotive industry, the electrical architecture of the car evolves through many development phases and iterations. At each design phase, changes are made in the software code of the ECU and the hardware interface may also be changed from one phase to the next. The full functionality of the ECUs is achieved only after several iterations. With the use of the software reconfigurable HIL simulator, interfacing the ECUs during the development stage becomes easier. As the ECU connectors change or when new pins are added, all that is required is to change the signal conditioning interface of the HIL system while leaving all the other connections intact. The paper describes a flexible and software reconfigurable HIL simulator in detail and the benefits it brings about in validating ECU functionality in the automotive industry.
Time-of-flight positron emission tomography: status relative to conventional PET. (1983)

Summary An advantage of using the TOF information in PET is the sensitivity gain that can be calculated as the ratio of the total counts required to obtain the same random noise in the image, with and without the TOP information. This gain ranges from one to about eight and depends on the TOF performance, activity distribution, and the relative efficiency of the available detectors. This sensitivity gain is a driving force for time-of-flight technology; however, the gains are not quite as good as one would expect in the practical imaging situation wherein a priori distribution occupies only a limited number of resolution elements, and the efficiency of the available crystals for TOF might lead to a reduction in the sensitivity relative to conventional PET. Inherent in TOFPET is the ability to perform very high count rate experiments for fast dynamic studies (e.g., 15O, 82Rb, 122I). In addition, random coincidences are lower than in non-TOFPET. Finally, an important attribute of TOFPET is the fact that the low random coincidences at high count rates allow transmission data to be obtained more efficiently than in conventional PET. At present, due to lack of availability of small and highly efficient, crystal-phototube detectors, TOFPET does not have the high spatial resolution capabilities of non-TOFPET.
Prostate specific antigen and prostate specific antigen density. Roles in patient evaluation and management (1994)

Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the most accurate serum marker for prostate cancer. However, sensitivity and specificity are suboptimal, especially at the intermediate levels between 4.1 and 10.0 ng/ml (monoclonal). For intermediate PSA levels, PSA density (PSAD) provides unique information regarding the need for biopsy and the likelihood of prostate cancer. The authors prospectively used PSAD to determine the need for biopsy in 68 patients with PSAD values below 0.150 and normal results from a digital rectal examination. Ten patients have undergone biopsy secondary to a rising serum PSA. Three were found to harbor prostate cancer and have undergone therapy. The remaining 65 patients continue on surveillance. PSAD can predict treatment outcomes for patients with clinically localized prostate cancer treated with radical prostatectomy. PSADs at low values are 90% accurate in predicting operative success. PSADs at high values are 67% accurate in predicting failure. Cancer 1994; 74: 1667-73.
A-4-11 A Fast Method of Subpixel Image Registration Based on Phase-Only Correlations of Image Projections (2010)

where Fi=1;2(!1; 0) are the 1-D spectra of the vertical pro- jections of Ii=1;2, and Fi=1;2(0;!2) are the 1-D spectra of the horizontal projections of Ii=1;2. In practice, the POCs gv(n1) and gh(n2) are discrete functions. The 1-D POCs gv(n1) and gh(n2) can be approximated by two continuous sinc functions given by sinc(n1 + 1) and sinc(n2 + 2), respectively. Then, we use a quadratic fitting method (3) to estimate the displacement ( 1; 2) with subpixel accuracy.
Controlled Loadings in a Mesoporous Material: Click-on Silica (2008)

Hybrid mesoporous SBA-15 silicas were synthesized directly with variable alkylazide loading representing 2-50% surface coverage. These hybrid silica materials retain the favorable physical attributes of the parent SBA-15 materials and allow efficient covalent attachment of ethynylated organic moieties through a copper catalyzed 3 + 2 Huisgen cycloaddition reaction. Three distinctly different examples are provided demonstrating the efficiency and robust nature of this attachment synthetic strategy. The direct syntheses provide predefined loadings of randomly distributed organics within the materials, from site-dense to site-isolated. Such control over loadings along with simply implemented analytic procedures should facilitate the translation of homogeneous chemistries to heterogeneous supports.
Cyclophosphamide Inhibition of Experimental Allergic Encephalomyelitis and Cellular Transfer of the Disease in Lewis Rats (1969)

Abstract Single or daily injections of cyclophosphamide (CY) at appropriate dose levels completely inhibit the development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE) in Lewis rats sensitized to spinal cord in adjuvant. CY treatment of sensitized Lewis donors or injection of CY into recipients after injection of donor lymphoid cells suppresses or inhibits transfer of EAE. Treatment of prospective recipients before injection of donor cells also may inhibit transfer. These observations, together with other data cited, suggest that active immunologic participation of the recipient may be a prerequisite for successful transfer of the disease.
Inside Alzheimer brain with CLARITY: senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles and axons in 3-D (2014)

International audience
Simulated Annealing Partitioning: An Algorithm for Optimizing Grouping in Cancer Data (2013)

Cancer survival prediction usually depends on a clinically useful classification scheme. Grouping in cancer datasets is needed for this classification process [1]. Partitioning Around Medoids (PAM) is a classical clustering algorithm that is often used to group cancer data. PAM is known to be an NP-hard optimization problem and its practical application is often tackled with heuristic methods [2]. However, many heuristic PAM algorithms may converge to local minimums that adversely affect the quality of grouping results. It is therefore desirable to devise an algorithm to overcome this limitation. In this paper, we demonstrate that simulated annealing (SA) is an effective method for obtaining or approaching to a global optimum. First, we present a grouping algorithm for cancer data, and then optimize the grouping quality of PAM with SA. The experimental results show that the Simulated Annealing PAM (SA-PAM) algorithm is always capable of finding a global minimum or closer approximation to the global minimum than the standard PAM algorithm.
Film‐Substrate Interaction in Si/Ta and Si / Ta2 O 5 Structures (1976)

Gravimetric and SIMS analyses of vacuum‐deposited Ta films on Si substrates as well as films obtained by their thermal oxidation demonstrate a significant interaction in structures well below the usual temperatures required to form or on silicon. The interaction begins during the deposition of the Ta film, leading to the incorporation of silicon in the film. It is suggested that oxygen gettered by tantalum facilitates this process. During oxidation of the Ta film, the silicon in the film is cooxidized and oxygen diffusing through the already formed oxide enhances the further entry of silicon into the film. Oxygen diffusing through the completely oxidized Ta film further reacts with the silicon substrate during postoxidation heat‐treatment in oxygen. There is no evidence that the interaction during any of these three steps is caused by intermixing elemental tantalum and silicon. The results of gravimetric and SIMS analyses are qualitatively consistent with the measured dielectric parameters of the film and the observed electronic properties of the interface.
Neuregulin-1-Stimulated Phosphorylation of GABP in Skeletal Muscle Cells (2001)

Localization of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) to neuromuscular synapses is mediated, in part, through selective transcription of AChR genes in myofiber synaptic nuclei. Neuregulin-1 (NRG-1) is a good candidate for the extracellular signal that induces synapse-specific gene expression, since NRG-1 is concentrated at synaptic sites and activates AChR synthesis in cultured muscle cells. NRG-1-induced transcription requires activation of Erk and Jnk MAP kinases, but the downstream substrates that mediate this transcriptional response are not known. Previous studies have demonstrated that a consensus binding site for Ets proteins is required both for NRG-1-induced transcription and for synapse-specific transcription in transgenic mice. This regulatory element binds GABPalpha, an Ets protein, and GABPbeta, a protein that dimerizes with GABPalpha, raising the possibility that phosphorylation of GABP by MAP kinases induces transcription of AChR genes. To determine whether MAP kinases might directly regulate the activity of GABP, we studied MAP kinase-catalyzed and NRG-1-induced phosphorylation of GABPalpha and GABPbeta. We show that GABPalpha and GABPbeta are phosphorylated in vitro by Erk and by Jnk. Using recombinant proteins containing mutated serine and threonine resides, we show that GABPalpha is phosphorylated predominantly at threonine 280, while serine 170 and threonine 180 are the major phosphorylation sites in GABPbeta. We generated antibodies specific to the major phosphorylation site in GABPalpha and show that NRG-1 stimulates phosphorylation of GABPalpha at threonine 280 in vivo. These results suggest that GABPalpha is a target of MAP kinases in NRG-1-stimulated muscle cells and are consistent with the idea that phosphorylation of GABPalpha contributes to transcriptional activation of AChR genes by NRG-1.
N -α-Acetyltransferase 10 protein inhibits apoptosis through RelA/p65-regulated MCL1 expression (2012)

N-α-Acetyltransferase 10 protein (Naa10p/ARD1), the catalytic subunit of N-acetyltransferase A, catalyzes both N-α-acetylation and ε-acetylation, as well as autoacetylation. Naa10p is involved in controlling cell proliferation, apoptosis, autophagy and neuronal development. Our group and others had reported prognostic value of Naa10p expression in various types of cancer. Despite the efforts to elucidate the biological function of Naa10p, it remains controversial regarding its roles in tumor development. Herein, we report that depletion of Naa10p inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors in nude mice. Microarray analysis identified MCL1 gene as one of targets downstream of Naa10p. Naa10p positively regulated MCL1 expression, as exogenous Naa10p promoted MCL1 expression, whereas Naa10p silencing decreased MCL1 expression. Ablation of Naa10p sensitized cancer cells to stimuli-induced apoptosis, and the anti-apoptotic function of Naa10p was, at least in part, mediated by MCL1. Mechanistically, we found a physical interaction between Naa10p and RelA/p65. Transcriptional activation of the MCL1 gene required the recruitment of Naa10p-RelA/p65 complex to the p65-binding site of MCL1 promoter region. We also demonstrated a positive correlation between MCL1 and Naa10p messenger RNA levels in both colon cancer and lung cancer tissues. These results indicate that Naa10p inhibits apoptosis through Naa10p-RelA/p65-dependent MCL1 transcriptional activation.
A new approach for detecting topographic and geologic information in seismic data (2012)

ABSTRACT Interpreting 3D seismic volumes can be an intensive and time-consuming endeavor. Algorithms that provide additional information and expedite this process can therefore be useful tools for the interpreter. To further this goal, an algorithm that gives a topographic perspective of seismic data is described. After applying the continuous wavelet transform to the data, templates having a directional orientation are constructed locally in the complex wavelet domain for a number of scales. For each scale, a complex matrix is formed having real and imaginary parts, which are independently designed for a specific purpose and then combined to produce the final result. Whereas the composition of the real matrix is not well suited for dealing with the topographic aspect of the data, the imaginary matrix is. Using basic concepts from graph theory, the imaginary matrix is constructed to reveal the topographic nature of the underlying data. To a limited extent, dip scans provide similar results. Nonetheless, comparisons with dip scans reveal significant differences in the final results and computational efficiency. Although the general features seem to be similar, detailed features appear to be missing from the dip scan results. For the dip scans, semblance is measured over a number of dips and the highest value is used to determine the dip. The computational cost can vary, depending on factors such as the number of dips tested and implementation, but a comparison indicates that dip scans can be computationally more costly. In contrast, the algorithm to be described uses a single suite of wavelets convolved with the data to produce a number of scale-dependent complex matrices that are summed in a specific way. Furthermore, convolutions may be performed in the frequency domain. This reduces the computational cost, making this algorithm an effective and relatively fast interpretation tool.
The Structure and Synthesis of Aeruginoic Acid (2-o-Hydroxyphenylthiazole-4-carboxylic Acid) (1970)

The structure of aeruginoic acid which was isolated from the culture medium of P. aeruginosa was detremined and confirmed synthetically.
New Syntheses of Diboron Tetrafluoride (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNew Syntheses of Diboron TetrafluorideR. J. Brotherton, A. L. McCloskey, and H. M. ManasevitCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1963, 2, 1, 41–43Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50005a012RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views176Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (386 KB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phase II trial of suramin, leuprolide, and flutamide in previously untreated metastatic prostate cancer. (1997)

The high response rate and prolonged survival in a poor-prognosis group of patients with metastatic prostate cancer warrant a phase III randomized comparison of this regimen versus hormonal therapy alone. Toxicity was moderate and reversible.
The role of polyvinyl alcohol in emulsion polymerization (1993)

Abstract Emulsion polymerization of styrene (St) and vinyl acetate (VAc) in the presence of conventional polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PVA modified with a terminal alkyl group or PVA modified with a terminal thiol group (HS‐PVA) was compared. Whereas stable PVAc latexes were obtained, a stable PSt latex was obtained only in the case of HS‐PVA. From the adsorption isotherms of these PVAs on the surface of PVAc and PSt latex particles, as well as the grafting efficiencies of VAc and St onto HS‐PVA in relation to the stability of the polymerization process, the role of PVA in the emulsion polymerization was discussed.
Study of reverse dark current in 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes (2005)

Temperature-dependent current-voltage (I-V) measurements have been used to determine the reverse dark current mechanisms in 4H-SiC avalanche photodiodes (APDs). A pn junction vertical mesa structure, passivated with SiO/sub 2/ grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition, exhibits predominate leakage current along the mesa sidewall. Similar APDs, passivated by thermal oxide, exhibit lower dark current before breakdown; however, when the temperature is higher than 146/spl deg/C, an anomalous dark current, which increases rapidly with temperature, is observed. This current component appears to be eliminated by the removal of the thermal oxide. Near breakdown, tunneling is the dominant dark current mechanism for these pn devices. APDs fabricated from a pp/sup -/n structure show reduced tunneling current. At room temperature, the dark current at 95% of breakdown voltage is 140 fA (1.8 nA/cm/sup 2/) for a 100-/spl mu/m diameter APD. At a gain of 1000, the dark current is 35 pA (0.44 /spl mu/A/cm/sup 2/).
Synthesis of Nano-sized Boehmites for Optimum Phosphate Sorption (2011)

Nano-sized boehmites with different crystallinity were synthesized at the temperature range of 25 to 200°C in order to produce phosphate absorbents with high capacity. The physicochemical property of boehmites was depended on the synthesis temperature: the particle size was increased and the surface area showed the maximum for the boehmite at 50°C. The phosphate sorptions into boehmites were analyzed at room temperature in the phosphoric acid solutions as a model of wastewater at the concentration of 0.1 to 3.0 mmol l−1 and the pH of 3 to 7. The boehmite synthesized at 50°C exhibited the highest amount of phosphate sorption (1.73 mmol g−1 at pH 3.3) compared with Al-bearing materials. The reaction mechanism during phosphate sorption was described by the anion exchange reaction between phosphate ions in sodium phosphate solution and hydroxide ions on boehmite surfaces. Therefore, the variation in the amount of phosphate sorption on the different boehmite samples depends strongly on the surface area in the specimens. In addition, the sample showed high stability in near-neutral-pH solutions, and an increase in pH toward neutral was found to lead to a decrease in phosphate sorption due to a change in the phosphate species and a reduction of the surface sites.
Comparison of smart wing concepts for transonic cruise drag reduction (1997)

A method is being developed to employ TERFENOL to optimize the shapes of wings for minimum drag during transonic cruise. Potential advantages include enhanced UAV attack and surveillance capabilities through increased dash speed, longer loiter, and extended range as well as decreased fuel expenditures for transport aircraft. Two smart-wing concepts were compared: an adaptive wing with the capability to change the shape of the wing box and a smart trailing edge that modifies camber while maintaining a smooth upper surface. While the adaptive wing provides the most capability to change the structural shape to minimize shock- induced drag, when actuator- and structural-weight penalties were considered as well as reliability and maintenance, it was determined that the smart trailing edge is the better concept. Numerical optimization of a simplified smart trailing edge determined the optimum configuration and optimum deflections for minimum drag. The system has the potential to extend the range of a small-fuselage large-wing UAV bomber by 9% and increase its loiter time by 11%. Magnetic and electronic design improvements to the TERFENOL linear-wave motor have been identified that will enable us to miniaturized it for UAV applications while doubling its actuation force and speed, and halving its power.
Identification and characterization of phosphodiesterases that specifically degrade 3′3′-cyclic GMP-AMP (2015)

Cyclic dinucleotides act as intracellular second messengers, modulating a variety of cellular activities including innate immune activation. Although phosphodiesterases (PDEs) hydrolyzing c-di-GMP and c-di-AMP have been identified, no PDEs for cGAMPs have been reported. Here we identified the first three cGAMP-specific PDEs in V. cholerae (herein designated as V-cGAP1/2/3). V-cGAPs are HD-GYP domain-containing proteins and specifically break 3'3'-cGAMP, but not other forms of cGAMP. 3'3'-cGAMP is first linearized by all three V-cGAPs to produce 5'-pApG, which is further hydrolyzed into 5'-ApG by V-cGAP1. In this two-step reaction, V-cGAP1 functions as both a PDE and a 5'-nucleotidase. In vivo experiments demonstrated that V-cGAPs play non-redundant roles in cGAMP degradation. The high specificity of V-cGAPs on 3'3'-cGAMP suggests the existence of specific PDEs for other cGAMPs, including 2'3'-cGAMP in mammalian cells. The absolute requirement of the GYP motif for 3'3'-cGAMP degradation suggests that HD domain-containing PDEs in eukaryotes are probably unable to hydrolyze cGAMPs. The fact that all V-cGAPs attack 3'3'-cGAMP on one specific phosphodiester bond suggests that PDEs for other cGAMPs would utilize a similar strategy. These results will provide valuable information for identification and characterization of mammalian 2'3'-cGAMP-specific PDEs in future studies.
Continuous measurement of dissolved sulfide in sewer systems (2008)

Sulfides are particularly problematic in the sewage industry. Hydrogen sulfide causes corrosion of concrete infrastructure, is dangerous at high concentrations and is foul smelling at low concentrations. Despite the importance of sulfide monitoring there is no commercially available system to quantify sulfide in waste water. In this article we report on our use of an in situ spectrometer to quantify bisulfide in waste water and additional analysis with a pH probe to calculate total dissolved sulfide. Our results show it is possible to use existing commercially available and field proven sensors to measure sulfide to mg/l levels continuously with little operator intervention and no sample preparation.
The Sounds of Physical Shapes (1998)

We propose a general framework for the simulation of sounds produced by colliding physical objects in a virtual reality environment. The framework is based on the vibration dynamics of bodies. The computed sounds depend on the material of the body, its shape, and the location of the contact. This simulation of sounds allows the user to obtain important auditory clues about the objects in the simulation, as well as about the locations on the objects of the collisions. Specifically, we show how to compute (1) the spectral signature of each body (its natural frequencies), which depends on the material and the shape, (2) the “timbre” of the vibration (the relative amplitudes of the spectral components) generated by an impulsive force applied to the object at a grid of locations, (3) the decay rates of the various frequency components that correlate with the type of material, based on its internal friction parameter, and finally (4) the mapping of sounds onto the object's geometry for real-time rendering of the resulting sound. The framework has been implemented in a Sonic Explorer program which simulates a room with several objects such as a chair, tables, and rods. After a preprocessing stage, the user can hit the objects at different points to interactively produce realistic sounds.