gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Spectro-temporal analysis of HIE and asthma infant cries using auditory spectrogram (2015)

In this paper, auditory spectrogram is proposed for analysis of HIE and asthma infant cries. Auditory spectrogram represents a 2-dimensional (i.e., 2-D) pattern of neural activity, distributed along a logarithmic frequency-axis. Features are derived from the auditory spectrograms of each class. These features are then used to train support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Effectiveness of the proposed features is shown by application of proposed features for classification of pathologies. Classification accuracy achieved with SVM classifier with radial basis function (RBF) kernel is 87.67%. Classification performance has been compared with the state-of-the-art method, i.e., Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC). It has been observed that MFCC features are giving 86.13% classification accuracy. Fusion of proposed features with the MFCC features further improves the classification accuracy to 88.54%. High classification accuracy of auditory spectrogram can be attributed to its ability to retain both formant frequencies and low frequency harmonics.
The AirStar-a precision GPS parallel swath guidance and tracking system (2002)

Aerial spraying from aircraft for agricultural and forestry applications is a multi-million dollar business. Until very recently, the pilots have been forced to rely on human flaggers or more expensive and less accurate techniques for positioning the aircraft (e.g. Loran-C). With the advent of commercially available differential GPS systems for aerial application, this industry is presently undergoing major changes in manpower requirements and operational procedures. Environmental, regulatory, legal, and economic aspects of this industry will also be significantly altered in the near future. This paper describes in detail the SATLOC AirStar system and its associated components. GPS receiver performance requirements are extremely demanding for this application and position update rate, dynamic tracking capability, and satellite re-acquisition time are reviewed. Positioning performance test results using high resolution video and optical alignment methods for control are then examined. Both the absolute and relative alignment accuracies are presented using both land vehicles and aircraft. The ability of an operator to consistently follow pre-determined ground patterns using the AirStar equipment is also assessed. External system components which add utility unique to aerial application and post-flight plotting software are also discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Maximum Likelihood Ratio Spectrum Detection Model for Multicarrier Modulation Based Cognitive Radio Systems (2007)

In this paper, we first discuss multicarrier modulation (MCM) based cognitive radio (CR) systems. A maximum likelihood ratio spectrum detection model is then presented to detect the occurrence and spectrum gap of licensed users (LUs) signals. Next, we theoretically study the proposed model by deducing an optimal decision region and the detection probability and false alarm probability. Simulation results validate the derived performances of the proposed model for MCM based CR systems.
Representing the work of medical protocols for organizational simulation. (1998)

Developing and implementing patient care protocols within a specific organizational setting requires knowledge of the protocol, the organization, and the way in which the organization does its work. Computer-based simulation tools have been used in many industries to provide managers with prospective insight into problems of work process and organization design mismatch. Many of these simulation tools are designed for well-understood routine work processes in which there are few contingent tasks. In this paper, we describe theoretic that make it possible to simulate medical protocols using an information-processing theory framework. These simulations will allow medical administrators to test different protocol and organizational designs before actually using them within a particular clinical setting.
The quantum mechanical tunnelling time problem-revisited (1987)

A long-standing argument in elementary quantum mechanics concerns the prescription which specifies how long it takes for a particle to tunnel through a classically forbidden region. In this paper, the controversy is reviewed by analysing a selection of principal contenders and comparing with the authors' own analytic expressions and numerical simulations. Their overall conclusion is that the phase-time result originally obtained by Wigner (1955) and Hartman (1962) is the best expression to use for a wide parameter range of barriers, energies and wavepackets.
Broadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering spectroscopy in supercontinuum optical trap (2007)

The authors report on a supercontinuum tweezer which combines tweezing with broadband (∼3000cm−1) coherent anti-Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy by taking advantage of the high spatial coherence and broad bandwidth of pulsed supercontinuum generated in a nonlinear photonic crystal fiber. Polarization-discriminated and time-resolved CARS is investigated to suppress the nonresonant four-wave-mixing background.
In-line oil debris monitor for aircraft engine condition assessment (2002)

The development of an in-line, full flow oil debris sensor for aircraft engine condition assessment is described. First used on the F22 fighter, this sensor is the only "all-metals" debris detector in production. The sensor is based on an inductive measurement technique which enables the system to detect, count and classify wear metal particles by size and type (ferromagnetic and nonferromagnetic) above a minimum particle size threshold. In flight, the measured count values are compared to preset levels to provide prognostic health information on the oil-wetted components of the engine. This paper describes the sensor design requirements, principle of operation, electronic design and mechanical design features. The results of a test program established to correlate the oil borne debris measurements to component degradation characteristics and data from actual engine bearing failures, are also presented.
Adjuvant can improve protection induced by OMV vaccine against<i>Neisseria meningitidis</i>serogroups B/C in neonatal mice (2004)

Meningococcal outer membrane vesicle (OMV) vaccines are weak antigens in infants. This study aimed at investigating alternative adjuvants for induction of functional antibodies in newborn mice. Serogroup B/C anti-meningococcal vaccines, consisting of capsular polysaccharide from serogroup C (PSC) conjugated to OMV from one serogroup B serosubtype prevalent in Brazil, combined with OMV from another prevalent serosubtype, were tested in newborn and adult mice with the following adjuvants: aluminum hydroxide, MPL (monophosphoryl lipid A), Titermax and MF59. Total IgG, IgG avidity index determination and bactericidal assay were performed with sera from immunized mice. Antibodies induced against PSC in newborn mice showed avidity and bactericidal titers, similar to those obtained in adult mice, independently of the adjuvant. Evidence is presented that the inclusion of MF59 enhanced the immune response against OMV in newborn mice.
Synthetic Effects of<i>secG</i>and<i>secY2</i>Mutations on Exoproteome Biogenesis in<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2010)

The gram-positive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus secretes various proteins into its extracellular milieu. Bioinformatics analyses have indicated that most of these proteins are directed to the canonical Sec pathway, which consists of the translocation motor SecA and a membrane-embedded channel composed of the SecY, SecE, and SecG proteins. In addition, S. aureus contains an accessory Sec2 pathway involving the SecA2 and SecY2 proteins. Here, we have addressed the roles of the nonessential channel components SecG and SecY2 in the biogenesis of the extracellular proteome of S. aureus. The results show that SecG is of major importance for protein secretion by S. aureus. Specifically, the extracellular accumulation of nine abundant exoproteins and seven cell wall-bound proteins was significantly affected in an secG mutant. No secretion defects were detected for strains with a secY2 single mutation. However, deletion of secY2 exacerbated the secretion defects of secG mutants, affecting the extracellular accumulation of one additional exoprotein and one cell wall protein. Furthermore, an secG secY2 double mutant displayed a synthetic growth defect. This might relate to a slightly elevated expression of sraP, encoding the only known substrate for the Sec2 pathway, in cells lacking SecG. Additionally, the results suggest that SecY2 can interact with the Sec1 channel, which would be consistent with the presence of a single set of secE and secG genes in S. aureus.
In-service light path PMD (polarization mode dispersion) monitoring by PMD compensation (2010)

We describe a novel method of measuring PMD (polarization mode dispersion) of an in-service DWDM system by PMD compensation. We successfully demonstrate the method in a 1500-km ultra-long haul DWDM test bed. We further verify the feasibility of the method for in-service light path PMD monitoring in a field trial in a revenue-generating route in Verizon Network, and obtain an accurate PMD value without impacting live network traffic. The discrepancy between the measured and expected PMD values is less than 6% for all cases tested.
Optimal Synthesis of Linear Sampling Control Systems Using Generalized Performance Indexes (1958)

Abstract This paper is concerned with the design of linear control systems so as to minimize some quadratic performance index. The method of design is applicable to both sampling and continuous control systems. Using the concepts of “state” and “transition matrix,” the design problem can be solved, via the technique of dynamic programming, by means of simple iterative computations. In this way, the classical Wiener method of design is extended in several different directions: (a) Using generalized performance indexes, (b) optimizing for classes of input signals rather than single inputs, (c) assuring stability of the optimally designed system.
Differential detection of key enzymes of polyaromatic-hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria using PCR and gene probes (1999)

Bacteria with ability to degrade polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), isolated from wastewater and soil samples, were investigated for their taxonomic, physiological and genetic diversity. Eighteen isolates able to metabolize naphthalene or phenanthrene as sole carbon source were taxonomically affiliated to different subclasses of the Proteobacteria (Sphingomonas spp., Acidovorax spp., Comamonas spp. and Pseudomonas spp.) and to phyla of Gram-positive bacteria with low and high DNA G + C content (Paenibacillus sp. and Rhodococcus spp., respectively). Representatives of the genera Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas formed a remarkably high fraction of these isolates; 9 out of 18 strains belonged to these groups. Tests for enzyme activities showed that the majority of the isolates growing with PAHs as sole sources of carbon and energy had an active catechol 2,3-dioxygenase (C230). C230 specific activities were very diverse, ranging from 0.1 to 650 mU (mg protein)-1. Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas strains showed considerably higher activities than the other isolates. All PAH degraders were examined for the presence of an initial PAH dioxygenase and C230, which catalyse key steps of PAH degradation, by PCR amplification of gene fragments and subsequent hybridization. PCR primers and internal oligonucleotide probes were developed for the specific detection of the genes of Pseudomonas and Sphingomonas strains.
A novel deletion involving the connexin-30 gene, del(<i>GJB6</i>-d13s1854), found in <i>trans</i> with mutations in the <i>GJB2</i> gene (connexin-26) in subjects with DFNB1 non-syndromic hearing impairment (2005)

<b>Objective: </b> To test the accuracy of bilateral language mapping using a standard clinical magnetic resonance (MR) imaging device during word generation. Design. A study of normal volunteers. Setting. Volunteers from the Washington, DC, area. Participants. Nine normal, right-handed, native English speakers (four women, five men, mean age 31 years). Interventions. During four MR acquisition periods, subjects would alternately rest and silently generate words. Sagittal MR images covered the middle and inferior frontal gyri, insulae, and part of the temporal and parietal lobes bilaterally. Main outcome measures. (1) Anatomic maps of task-related signal changes obtained by comparing, in each voxel, the signal during word generation and rest periods, and (2) analysis of the time course of the signal. Results. Maximum responses were in the left hemisphere, mainly in the frontal lobe (Broca9s area, premotor cortex, and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) but also in posterior regions such as Wernicke9s area. In agreement with previous studies, some degree of task-related changes was present in a subset of the corresponding regions in the right hemisphere. Conclusion. Despite certain limitations, it is possible, using widely available MR equipment, to obtain results consistent with previous studies. The technique may have important implications for assessment of cognitive functions in patients with neurologic disorders in a clinical environment. <b>NEUROLOGY 1995;45: </b> 1821-1827
Enhanced sensitization to taxol-induced apoptosis by herceptin pretreatment in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. (2002)

The recombinant humanized anti-ErbB2/HER2 monoclonal antibody Herceptin (Trastuzumab) has been shown to significantly enhance the tumoricidaleffects of antitumor drugs such as paclitaxel (Taxol) in patients with ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers. Here, we investigated the molecular mechanisms by which Herceptin enhances the antitumor effects of Taxol. Because activation of p34(Cdc2) is required for Taxol-induced apoptosis and because overexpression of ErbB2 blocks Taxol-induced apoptosis by inhibiting p34(Cdc2) activation, we studied the effect of Herceptin treatment on p34(Cdc2) kinase activation and apoptosis in Taxol-treated human breast carcinoma cell lines MDA-MB-435, SKBr3, MDA-MB-453, and 435.eB, which is an ErbB2 transfectant of MDA-MB-435. Herceptin treatment down-regulated ErbB2, reduced the inhibitory phosphorylation of Cdc2 on Tyr-15, and down-regulated the expression of p21(Cip1), a Cdc2 inhibitor. Herceptin plus Taxol treatment led to higher levels of p34(Cdc2) kinase activity and apoptosis in ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, which is likely attributable to inhibition of Cdc2-Tyr-15 phosphorylation and p21(Cip1) expression. Because significant dephosphorylation of Cdc2-Tyr-15 and down-regulation of p21(Cip1) occur at least 24 h after Herceptin treatment, we investigated whether 24 h Herceptin pretreatment will render ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells more sensitive to Taxol-induced apoptosis compared with the simultaneous treatment of Herceptin plus Taxol. Indeed, Herceptin pretreatment increased Taxol-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity in vitro and more effectively inhibited the growth of tumor xenografts with enhanced in vivo apoptosis. Thus, Herceptin treatment of ErbB2-overexpressing cells can inhibit ErbB2-mediated Cdc2-Tyr-15 phosphorylation and p21(Cip1) up-regulation, which allows effective p34(Cdc2) activation and induction of apoptosis upon Taxol treatment. Herceptin pretreatment renders ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers more susceptible to Taxol-induced cell death, which may have important clinical therapeutic implications.
Using geometric primitives to calibrate traffic scenes (2005)

In this paper, we address the problem of recovering the intrinsic and extrinsic parameters of a camera or a group of cameras in a setting overlooking a traffic scene. Unlike many other settings, conventional camera calibration techniques are not applicable in this case. We present a method that uses certain geometric primitives commonly found in traffic scenes in order to recover calibration parameters. These primitives provide needed redundancy and are weighted depending on the significance of there corresponding image features. We show experimentally that these primitives are capable of achieving accurate results suitable for most traffic monitoring applications.
A convenient method for the synthesis of six‐membered heterocyclic enaminones (1999)

Abstract Enaminones are widely employed in the synthesis of heterocycles, however heterocyclic enaminones and their use in the synthesis of more complex systems have been less studied. The reaction between 4‐chloroacetylacetate and aliphatic or aromatic 1,2‐aminoalcohols, 1,2‐aminothiols or 1,2‐diamines, yields in one pot a six‐membered 1,4‐heterocyclic system containing the enaminone moiety.
Strategies for Advanced Oncolytic Virotherapy: Current Technology Innovations and Clinical Approaches (2022)

Oncolytic virotherapy is a type of nanomedicine with a dual antitumor mechanism. Viruses are engineered to selectively infect and lyse cancer cells directly, leading to the release of soluble antigens which induce systemic antitumor immunity. Representative drug Talimogene laherparepvec has showed promising therapeutic effects in advanced melanoma, especially when combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors with moderate adverse effects. Diverse viruses like herpes simplex virus, adenovirus, vaccina virus, and so on could be engineered as vectors to express different transgenic payloads, vastly expanding the therapeutic potential of oncolytic virotherapy. A number of related clinical trials are under way which are mainly focusing on solid tumors. Studies about further optimizing the genome of oncolytic viruses or improving the delivering system are in the hotspot, indicating the future development of oncolytic virotherapy in the clinic. This review introduces the latest progress in clinical trials and pre-clinical studies as well as technology innovations directed at oncolytic viruses. The challenges and perspectives of oncolytic virotherapy towards clinical application are also discussed.
American Cancer Society guidelines for the early detection of prostate cancer (1997)

The American Cancer Society recently convened a workshop to review existing guidelines for the screening of prostate cancer in view of the growing amount of research data regarding screening and early detection since the original guidelines were put forth in 1992. This article provides an overview of these revised guidelines.
Four New Triterpenoidal Saponins Acylated with One Monoterpenic Acid from <i>Gleditsia </i><i>s</i><i>inensis</i> (1999)

Four new oleanane-type triterpenoidal glycosides, named gleditsiosides A-D (1-4), were isolated from the anomalous fruits of Gleditsia sinensis. Using modern NMR techniques, including DQF-COSY, HETCOR, HOHAHA, HMBC, and ROESY experiments and MS analysis as well as chemical methods, their structures were determined as 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)- bet a-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[(6S,2E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2, 7-octadienoyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (1); 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)- bet a-D-glucopyranosyl oleanolic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-alpha- L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[(2E)-2-hydroxylmethyl-6-hydroxy-6-methy l-2 ,7-octadienoyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (2); 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)- bet a-D-glucopyranosyl echinocystic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[beta- D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[(2E)-2-h ydroxylmethyl-6-hydroxy-6-methyl-2, 7-octadienoyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (3); and 3-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-(1-->6)- bet a-D-glucopyranosyl echinocystic acid 28-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->4)-[beta- D-galactopyranosyl-(1-->2)]-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-[(6S, 2E)-6-hydroxy-2,6-dimethyl-2, 7-octadienoyl-(1-->6)]-beta-D-glucopyranosyl ester (4).
Dispersion and Deposition of Spherical Particles from Point Sources in a Turbulent Channel Flow (1992)

The dispersion and deposition of particles from a point source in a turbulent channel flow are studied. An empirical mean velocity profile and the experimental data for turbulent intensities are used in the analysis. The instantaneous turbulence fluctuation is simulated as a continuous Gaussian random field, and an ensemble of particle trajectories is generated and statistically analyzed. A series of digital simulations for dispersion and deposition of aerosol particles of various sizes from point sources at different positions from the wall is performed. Effects of Brownian diffusion on particle dispersion are studied. The effects of variation in particle density and particle-surface interaction are also discussed.
Inflammation Amplifier, a New Paradigm in Cancer Biology (2013)

Tumor-associated inflammation can induce various molecules expressed from the tumors themselves or surrounding cells to create a microenvironment that potentially promotes cancer development. Inflammation, particularly chronic inflammation, is often linked to cancer development, even though its evolutionary role should impair nonself objects including tumors. The inflammation amplifier, a hyperinducer of chemokines in nonimmune cells, is the principal machinery for inflammation and is activated by the simultaneous stimulation of NF-κB and STAT3. We have redefined inflammation as local activation of the inflammation amplifier, which causes an accumulation of various immune cells followed by dysregulation of local homeostasis. Genes related to the inflammation amplifier have been genetically associated with various human inflammatory diseases. Here, we describe how cancer-associated genes, including interleukin (IL)-6, Ptgs2, ErbB1, Gas1, Serpine1, cMyc, and Vegf-α, are strongly enriched in genes related to the amplifier. The inflammation amplifier is activated by the stimulation of cytokines, such as TNF-α, IL-17, and IL-6, resulting in the subsequent expression of various target genes for chemokines and tumor-related genes like BCL2L11, CPNE7, FAS, HIF1-α, IL-1RAP, and SOD2. Thus, we conclude that inflammation does indeed associate with the development of cancer. The identified genes associated with the inflammation amplifier may thus make potential therapeutic targets of cancers.
In search of evidence-based treatment for concussion: characteristics of current clinical trials (2014)

Diverse, potentially promising therapeutics are currently being studied for the treatment of concussion. However, several deficiencies were identified including a paucity of trials addressing return-to-activity principles. Also, small sample size and trial heterogeneity may threaten scientific evaluation and subsequent clinical application.
Automatic Signature Generation Algorithm of Polymorphic Worm (2013)

This paper researches the feature description and automatic signature generation algorithm of polymorphic worms.It proposes a new signature generation approach for polymorphic worms-MS-PADS(multiple separated string position-aware distribution signature),which integrate the advantage of PADS and Polygraph.It solved the problem of PADS signature width determination under strong background noise conditions.This method could generate high quality signatures of polymorphic worms with low false-positive rate and high detection precision rate.