gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
WO<sub>3</sub>/W:BiVO<sub>4</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub> graded photoabsorber electrode for enhanced photoelectrocatalytic solar light driven water oxidation (2017)

We demonstrate the dual advantages of graded photoabsorbers in mesoporous metal oxide-based hetero interfacial photoanodes in improving photogenerated charge carrier (e<sup>-</sup>/h<sup>+</sup>) separation for the solar light-driven water-oxidation process. The pre-deposition of sol-gel-derived, tungsten-doped bismuth vanadate (W:BiVO<sub>4</sub>) onto a primary BiVO<sub>4</sub> water oxidation layer forms graded interfaces, which facilitate charge transfer from the primary photoabsorber to the charge transport layer, thereby superseding the thickness-controlled charge recombination at the BiVO<sub>4</sub> water oxidation catalyst. As a result, the WO<sub>3</sub>/BiVO<sub>4</sub> hetero photoanode containing the photoactive W:BiVO<sub>4</sub> interfacial layer showed 130% higher photocurrent than that of the interfacial layer-free hetero photoelectrode owing to the enhanced charge separation led water oxidation process.
Adipose-Derived Stem/Progenitor Cells: Roles in Adipose Tissue Remodeling and Potential Use for Soft Tissue Augmentation (2009)

Many features of adipose tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells, such as physiological function and localization, have recently been examined. Adipose-tissue turnover is very slow and its perivascular progenitor cells differentiate into adipocytes in the next generation. The progenitor cells play important roles in physiological turnover, hyperplasia and atrophy of adipose tissue, as well as in incidental remodeling, such as postinjury repair. Adipose tissue has been used as an autologous filler for soft tissue defects, despite unpredictable clinical results and a low rate of graft survival, which may be due to the relative deficiency of progenitor cells in graft materials. A novel transplantation strategy, termed cell-assisted lipotransfer, involves the enrichment of adipose progenitor cells in grafts; preliminary results suggest this approach to be safe and effective.
Influence of Test Parameters on Release Rate of Hydrocortisone from Cream: Study Using Vertical Diffusion Cell (2016)

Vertical diffusion cells (VDC) have been envisaged as in vitro surrogates for ensuring product quality and performance for topical preparations. USP General Chapter <1724> Semisolid Drug Products-Product Performance Tests describes the application of VDC as one of the apparatus required for in vitro testing of topical products. Knowledge of various operational parameters and their impact on drug release during diffusion experiments thus becomes imperative. In the present study, parameters like temperature, composition of receptor medium, speed of stirring, and filled volume of cell jacket have been evaluated for their influence on drug release rate from hydrocortisone cream employing vertical diffusion cells. The statistical analysis of the results was performed by one-way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test. Results suggest that the composition of the receptor medium significantly influences drug release from cream, and slower stirring rates translate to lower release rates. On the other hand, within experimental design, the temperature of the receptor and filled condition of the cell jacket do not influence drug release significantly.
Miniaturized Multichannel Near Infrared Endoscope for Mouse Imaging (2003)

We describe the design and construction of a miniaturized multichannel near infrared (NIR) endoscopic imaging system developed for high-resolution imaging of mice. The device allows for simultaneous real-time video images in white light and two independent NIR channels. Testing demonstrated independent acquisition of nanomolar concentrations of fluorochromes Cy5.5 and Cy7. Cross-talk between the NIR channels, partially a result of broad tails in the spectra of commonly used organic fluorochromes, was assessed, modeled for the linear range of the concentration/signal intensity function, and compensated. The calculated compensation was 5.5% and 22% of the total signal intensity in the two channels NIR 700 and NIR 780 , respectively, at equal concentrations of the two fluorochromes. Using a mouse model of colonic adenomatosis, we show that both perfusion and protease activity can be detected simultaneously, independently, and repeatedly in live mice. The developed device should be useful for in vivo imaging of diverse molecular targets.
Research in the use of cerebral gangliosides in neurolysis of the upper limb. (1979)

Frank Harper sends Theodore Roosevelt's apologies to C. Reau de Varenne as he is unable to help in the matter about which she writes to him.
원저 : 건강한 한국인의 요추부 운동과 흉부 확장 운동에 대한 연구 (1996)

목적: 건강한 한국인의 요추부 운동 및 흉부 학장 운동에 대한 연령, 성별 및 신장에 따른 표준치를 구하여 강직성척추염의 진단시에 척추 운동 장애의 유무를 판단하기 위한 참고치를 설정하고자 하였다. 방법: 강직성척추염 호발 연령인 16세에서 40세 사이의 요통이나 척추모양에 이상이 없는 건강한 한국인 573명(남 438명, 여 135명)을 대상으로하여 Schober 검사, 수정된 Schober 검사, 측방 굴곡운동, 손끝과 지면사이의 거리 및 흉부 확장 검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 1. 전체 대상자의 평균 Schober 검사 측정치는 15.7±0.1 cm(남 16.1±0.1, 여 14.6±0.1), 수정된 Schober 검사 측정치는 22.2±0.1 cm(남 22.7±0.1, 여 20.8±0.2), 측방 굴곡 운동측정치는 25.5±0.1 cm(남 25.7±0.1 여 24.5±0.2), 흉부 확장 운동 측정치는 4.8±0.1 cm(남 5.1±0.1, 여 3.9±0.2)였고 손끝과 지면 사이의 길이측정은 전체 573명중 63명중(10.1%)이 지면에 손이 닿지 않았고 이중 남자는 438명중 34명(7.8%), 여자는 135명중 29명(21.5%)이었고 손끝 과 지면사이의 길이는 6.6±0.9㎝(남 8.0±0.9, 여 5.0±0.7)로 각 검사 측정치는 남자에서 여자보다 더 길었다. 2. 나이에 따른 Schober 검사, 수정된 Schober 검사 및 측방 굴곡 검사 측정치는 나이가 증가함에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였으나 흉부 확장 운동 검사치는 변화가 없었다(각각 r=-0.25, p<0.001, r=-0.21, p<0.001, r=-0.17, p=0.001, r=-0.04 p=0.035). 3. 신장에 따른 Schober 검사 측정치는 150~159 ㎝인 경우 14.2±0.2 ㎝ 이였으나 160~169 ㎝에서는 15.5±0.1 ㎝, 170~179 ㎝에서는 16.0±0.1 ㎝, 180 ㎝ 이상에서는 16.8±0.2 ㎝으로 뚜렸한 양적 선형관계를 보였고, 신장에 따른 수정된 Schober 검사 측정치는 150~159 ㎝인 경우 20.2±0.2 ㎝ 이였으나 160~169 ㎝에서는 22.0㎝±0.2 ㎝, 170~179 ㎝에서는 22.6±0.1 ㎝, 180 ㎝ 이상에서는 23.2±0.2 ㎝으로 뚜렷한 양적 선형관계를 보였다(각각 r=0.39, p<0.001, r=0.39, p=0.001). 4. 신장에 따른 측방 굴곡 검사와 흉부 확장 검사측정치도 신장이 증가함에 따라 증가하는 경향을 보였다.(각각 r=0.29, p<0.001, r=0.28, p=0.001). 결론: 건강한 한국인 선인의 평균 Schober 검사측정치는 15.7±0.1 ㎝ 이였고 흉부 확장 운동 측정치는 4.8±0.1 ㎝ 였으며, Schober 검사, 수정된 Schober 검사, 축방 굴곡 검사, 손끝과 지면사이의 거리 및 흉부 확장 운동 측정치들은 남자에서 여자보다, 나이가 적을수록 그리고 신장이 클수록 측정치도 증가하는 소견을 보였다. 척추 운동 장애를 측정하는데 있어서 특히 신장에 따른 Schober 검사 및 수정된 Schober 검사 측정치의 적용이 필요할 석으로 생각된다.
Activation and suppression of herpes simplex virus in a human T lymphoid cell line. (1981)

Abstract The T lymphoblastoid line, CEM, was persistently infected with herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1 ) for over 500 days. Within the first 120 days of this infection, a 24-day interval spontaneously occurred during which virus or viral antigen production diminished to undetectable levels. During this silent period, samples of these cells were treated with phytohemagglutinin (PHA) or concanavalin A (Con A). Virus production was observed within 3 days after PHA treatment. In contrast, Con A-treated cells remained negative for infectious virus and viral antigens for an additional 40 days at which point they were treated with PHA. Virus production again ensued within 3 days. Con A treatment of the HSV-producer line produced a consistent but transient diminution in virus titer, averaging 79.9, 78.6, and 79.8% at 24, 48, and 72 hr, respectively. Treatment of the producer line with neutralizing antiserum resulted in a rapid elimination of detectable infectious virus by 72 hr. Antiserum treatments of ≤5 days were associated with subsequent return of productive infection while treatments ≤9 days were not. Although productive infection did not spontaneously return to cultures treated with antibody for 9 days, PHA addition at the time of antibody removal resulted in activation of latent virus. The ability to predictably suppress HSV expression with Con A or neutralizing antiserum and to activate virus with PHA may permit this system to serve as a model for studying the state of HSV DNA and the factors controlling its expression in productively and latently infected lymphoid cells.
Infrared wireless communication using spread spectrum techniques (2000)

The performance of nondirected line-of-sight indoor wireless infrared communication systems is mainly affected by ambient light-induced shot noise, multipath dispersion and interference produced by artificial light sources. Application of spread spectrum techniques to combat multipath dispersion and artificial light interference is presented, with bit error rate analysis considering these two effects. Experiments were carried out to verify the bit error rate analysis and to demonstrate the practical performance of a spread spectrum system. For the line-of-sight link investigated, both experimental and analytical results show that a spread spectrum system operating at 2 Mbit/s and with spreading factor 31 suffers a power penalty of less than 0.5 optical dB due to multipath dispersion, and less than one optical dB penalty is incurred under the influence of 10 dB artificial light interference.
Proteolytic Cleavage of the Alzheimer's Disease Amyloid A4 Precursor Protein (1991)

Amyloid A4 protein (beta-protein) is deposited in the brain of a patient with Alzheimer's disease (AD) as one of the main components of extracellular cerebrovascular amyloid, as well as neurofibrillary tangles. It is derived from a precursor protein, and its formation has been considered to be a rate-limiting step for brain degeneration in AD. In this article, proteolytic cleavage events that can degrade amyloid precursor protein are reviewed with respect to how the topographical distribution of the proteinase and its substrates disturbs normal processing steps in AD brain.
Exploiting data and code interactions to reduce the power variance for CDMA sequences (2001)

This paper investigates the effect of interactions between the Walsh codes and data sequences on the statistical moments of the forward-link CDMA signal. Of primary interest is the normalized fourth-order moment, which is referred to as the "power variance". Several techniques for reducing the power variance of the CDMA signal are discussed that are based on Walsh code selection and data encoding. Certain groupings of Walsh codes, referred to as "active quadruples", are shown to be useful in predicting the potential of each technique. Results demonstrate the reduction in the power variance afforded by two novel approaches referred to as "channel hopping" and "data reversal".
Single feed dual mode wire patch antenna (2003)

The rapid progress in wireless communications has created a need for multiband antennas. It is highly desirable to develop lightweight, low-profile and single feed mobile antennas, which can be used simultaneously in different frequency ranges and for different mobile services. The monopolar wire patch antenna (MWPA) is well suited to this need, and has been widely used for multiband applications like GSM and DCS mobile telephone communications. Now, the aim is to obtain a compact antenna which could offer two functions operating at two different frequencies. For that reason, a new design of the MWPA has been developed : the coplanar wire patch antenna (CWPA). In this paper, we show how it is possible to produce two different functions with only one radiating element and one feeding, with the association of these two antennas.
Local temperature variation measurement by anti-Stokes luminescence in attenuated total reflection geometry (2016)

Strong temperature dependence of anti-Stokes luminescence intensity from Rhodamine 101 is used to probe local temperature variation at a surface region in the attenuated total reflection geometry (ATR), when heating with laser light. In this method, the measured region can be limited by observing evanescent luminescence. The near-field depth (penetration depth) was changed by the observation angle θ<sub>out</sub> of the evanescent luminescence and the spatial temperature variation was observed.
Bicyclic analogues of cyclohexane-1,4-dione. I. Bicyclo[3•2•2]nonan-6,8-dione (1968)

Bicyclo[3•2•2]nonan-6,8-dione has been synthesized as an example of a molecule in which the cyclohexane-1,4-dione ring is constrained to non-chair forms. The synthesis includes the double decarboxylation of the corresponding bridgehead diacid. This reaction is consistent with a new formulation of Bredt's Rule. Conformational studies suggest that the title compound exists in solution as an equilibrium mixture of two twist forms.
Involvement of a Protein Distinct from Transcription Enhancer Factor-1 (TEF-1) in Mediating Human Chorionic Somatomammotropin Gene Enhancer Function through the GT-IIC Enhanson in Choriocarcinoma and COS Cells (1995)

Previous studies suggested that transcription enhancer factor-1 (TEF-1) was involved in mediating the human chorionic somatomammotropin (hCS) gene enhancer (CSEn) function (Jiang, S.-W., and Eberhardt, N. L. (1994) J. Biol. Chem. 269, 10384-10392). We now show that an unrelated protein (CSEF-1) found in BeWo and COS-1 cells binds to the GT-IIC enhanson in CSEn and is correlated with CSEn activity in these cells. TEF-1 and CSEF-1 were distinguished by differential migration as GT-IIC complexes, thermal stability, molecular mass, and cross-reactivity with chicken TEF-1 antibodies. TEF-1 and CSEF-1 bound to the GT-IIC and Sph-I/Sph-II enhansons with identical binding properties, and in vitro generated TEF-1 competed with CSEF-1 binding to the GT-IIC motif, suggesting that their actions might be mutually exclusive. Up- and down-regulation of TEF-1 levels by expression systems and antisense oligonucleotides demonstrated that TEF-1 inhibited the hCS promoter in a manner independent of the enhancer or a known TEF-1 DNA binding site. The data suggest that TEF-1 may provide a counter-regulatory stimulus to the actions of CSEF-1, which may be involved in mediating enhancer stimulatory activity.
Tumor-targeting <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> A1-R decoys quiescent cancer cells to cycle as visualized by FUCCI imaging and become sensitive to chemotherapy (2014)

Quiescent cancer cells are resistant to cytotoxic agents which target only proliferating cancer cells. Time-lapse imaging demonstrated that tumor-targeting Salmonella typhimurium A1-R (A1-R) decoyed cancer cells in monolayer culture and in tumor spheres to cycle from G0/G1 to S/G2/M, as demonstrated by fluorescence ubiquitination-based cell cycle indicator (FUCCI) imaging. A1-R infection of FUCCI-expressing subcutaneous tumors growing in nude mice also decoyed quiescent cancer cells, which were the majority of the cells in the tumors, to cycle from G0/G1 to S/G2/M, thereby making them sensitive to cytotoxic agents. The combination of A1-R and cisplatinum or paclitaxel reduced tumor size compared with A1-R monotherapy or cisplatinum or paclitaxel alone. The results of this study demonstrate that A1-R can decoy quiescent cancer cells to cycle to S/G2/M and sensitize them to cytotoxic chemotherapy. These results suggest a new paradigm of bacterial-decoy chemotherapy of cancer.
Study of the generator/motor operation of induction machines in a high frequency link space power system (1987)

Static power conversion systems have traditionally utilized dc current or voltage source links for converting power from one ac or dc form to another since it readily achieves the temporary energy storage required to decouple the input from the output. Such links, however, result in bulky dc capacitors and/or inductors and lead to relatively high losses in the converters due to stresses on the semiconductor switches. The feasibility of utilizing a high frequency sinusoidal voltage link to accomplish the energy storage and decoupling function is examined. In particular, a type of resonant six pulse bridge interface converter is proposed which utilizes zero voltage switching principles to minimize switching losses and uses an easy to implement technique for pulse density modulation to control the amplitude, frequency, and the waveshape of the synthesized low frequency voltage or current. Adaptation of the proposed topology for power conversion to single-phase ac and dc voltage or current outputs is shown to be straight forward. The feasibility of the proposed power circuit and control technique for both active and passive loads are verified by means of simulation and experiment.
Exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage: Exercise‐induced pulmonary haemorrhage in the horse: results of a detailed clinical, post mortem and imaging study. I. Clinical profile of horses (1987)

Detailed physical and clinical examinations were performed on 26 Thoroughbred racehorses which were used subsequently in a series of studies to investigate the contribution of the pulmonary and bronchial arterial circulations to the pathophysiology of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage (EIPH). Twenty-five of the horses had been retired from race training in Hong Kong during the 1984-85 season, all but four raced that season; one horse had been retired the previous season. The average number of races for the group that season was 4.1 +/- 2 with an average distance of 1502 +/- 216 metres, mean racing speed 15.5 +/- 0.5 metres/sec. Time from last race to necropsy was 177 +/- 155 days, range 12 to 572 days. All but one horse had a known history of either EIPH or epistaxis. Time from last recorded incident of expistaxis (17 horses) to necropsy was 156 +/- 141 days, range 12 to 513 days, with a longer interval since last recorded endoscopic observation of EIPH. Focal abnormal lung sounds were detected in the dorsocaudal lungfields on auscultation during rebreathing in three horses and six had tracheobronchial cytology consistent with previous episodes of pulmonary haemorrhage (haemosiderophages). No other characteristics which might have allowed separation of this group of horses from other Thoroughbred horses recently in race training were identified.
A Humanized Mouse Model of Idiopathic Nephrotic Syndrome Suggests a Pathogenic Role for Immature Cells (2007)

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome is characterized by glomerular proteinuria in the absence of infiltrating cells or immunoglobulin deposits. Although it is suspected that T cells secrete a circulating factor that leads to proteinuria by altering the permeability of the glomerular filtration barrier, the precise etiology of this syndrome is unknown. Because an animal model that mimics human idiopathic nephrotic syndrome does not exist, we developed a humanized mouse model of the disease by injecting CD34(+) stem cells or CD34(-) peripheral blood mononuclear cells from afflicted patients into immunocompromised mice. Even though both CD34(+) and CD34(-) cells induced the engraftment of human CD45(+) leukocytes in mice, only the injection of CD34(+) stem cells induced albuminuria. Ultrastructural analysis of glomeruli from the resulting proteinuric mice revealed effacement of podocyte foot processes, similar to the pathology observed in the human disease. Therefore, our data suggest that the cells responsible for the pathogenesis of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome are more likely to be immature differentiating cells rather than mature peripheral T cells.
Detection and Localization of Curbs and Stairways Using Stereo Vision (2006)

We present algorithms to detect and precisely localize curbs and stairways for autonomous navigation. These algorithms combine brightness information (in the form of edgels) with 3-D data from a commercial stereo system. The overall system (including stereo computation) runs at about 4 Hz on a 1 GHz laptop. We show experimental results and discuss advantages and shortcomings of our approach.
Discrete Metal Catalysts for Stereoselective Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Chiral Racemic β‐Lactones (2010)

Abstract Poly(β‐hydroxyalkanoate)s (PHAs) are a class of aliphatic polyesters that can be efficiently synthesized by ring‐opening polymerization (ROP) of β‐lactones. The case of chiral racemic β‐substituted β‐lactones is particularly appealing since these monomers open the way to original tacticities and materials different from those biotechnologically produced. In this overview, after briefly surveying general considerations associated to the ROP of β‐lactones and metal‐based catalysts used in stereoselective ROP of racemic β‐butyrolactone, special emphasis is given to discrete rare earth catalysts that have allowed the preparation of highly syndiotactic poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate)s. Recent developments – such as preparation of stereocontrolled PHAs with pendant structural groups via (co)polymerization of functional β‐substituted β‐lactones, and highly alternating copolymers obtained by ROP of mixtures of enantiomerically pure but different monomers – are also discussed. magnified image
Statistical and thermal physics: fundamentals and applications (2004)

This book is based on many years of teaching statistical and thermal physics. It assumes no previous knowledge of thermodynamics, kinetic theory, or probability---the only prerequisites are an elementary knowledge of classical and modern physics, and of multivariable calculus. The first half of the book introduces the subject inductively but rigorously, proceeding from the concrete and specific to the abstract and general. In clear physical language the book explains the key concepts, such as temperature, heat, entropy, free energy, chemical potential, and distributions, both classical and quantum. The second half of the book applies these concepts to a wide variety of phenomena, including perfect gases, heat engines, and transport processes. Each chapter contains fully worked examples and real-world problems drawn from physics, astronomy, biology, chemistry, electronics, and mechanical engineering.
Single cell adhesion force measurement for cell viability identification using an AFM cantilever-based micro putter (2011)

Fast and sensitive cell viability identification is a key point for single cell analysis. To address this issue, this paper reports a novel single cell viability identification method based on the measurement of single cell shear adhesion force using an atomic force microscopy (AFM) cantilever-based micro putter. Viable and nonviable yeast cells are prepared and put onto three kinds of substrate surfaces, i.e. tungsten probe, gold and ITO substrate surfaces. A micro putter is fabricated from the AFM cantilever by focused ion beam etching technique. The spring constant of the micro putter is calibrated using the nanomanipulation approach. The shear adhesion force between the single viable or nonviable cell and each substrate is measured using the micro putter based on the nanorobotic manipulation system inside an environmental scanning electron microscope. The adhesion force is calculated based on the deflection of the micro putter beam. The results show that the adhesion force of the viable cell to the substrate is much larger than that of the nonviable cell. This identification method is label free, fast, sensitive and can give quantitative results at the single cell level. © 2011 IOP Publishing Ltd.