gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Diverse regulation of NF-κB and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors in murine nonalcoholic fatty liver (2004)

Fatty liver is highly sensitive to inflammatory activation. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) have anti-inflammatory effects and regulate lipid metabolism in the fatty liver. We hypothesized that fatty liver leads to endotoxin sensitivity through an imbalance between pro- and anti-inflammatory signals. Leptin-deficient, ob/ob mice and their lean littermates were challenged with single or double insults and pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways were tested on cytokine production and activation of nuclear regulatory factors NF-kappaB and peroxisome proliferator receptor element (PPRE). Ob/ob mice produced significantly higher serum tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin (IL) 6 and showed increased hepatic NF-kappaB activation compared to lean littermates after stimulation with a single dose of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or alcohol. In ob/ob mice, double insults with alcohol and LPS augmented proinflammatory responses mediated by increased degradation of inhibitory kappaB (IkappaB)-alpha and IkappaB-beta and preferential induction of the p65/p50 NF-kappaB heterodimer. In lean mice, in contrast, acute alcohol attenuated LPS-induced TNF-alpha, IL-6 production, and NF-kappaB activation through reduced IkappaB-alpha degradation and induction of p50/p50 homodimers. PPRE binding was increased in fatty but not in lean livers after alcohol or LPS stimulation. However, cotreatment with alcohol and LPS reduced both PPRE binding and nuclear levels of PPAR-alpha in fatty livers but increased those in lean livers. In conclusion, our results show opposite PPRE and NF-kappaB activation in fatty and lean livers. PPAR activation may represent an anti-inflammatory mechanism that fails in the fatty liver on increased proinflammatory pressure. Thus, an imbalance between PPAR-mediated anti-inflammatory and NF-kappaB-mediated proinflammatory signals may contribute to increased inflammation in the fatty liver.
Designing holographic lenses with different recording and readout wavelengths (1990)

A method for designing and recording transmission holographic lenses, having low aberrations and high diffraction efficiencies, in the presence of a recording–readout wavelength shift, is presented. The method is based on a recursive design technique, in which the final hologram is recorded with complex wave fronts that are derived from intermediate holograms. The design is illustrated for a lens with an f-number of 2.5 and a large offset angle, recorded at 488 nm and read out at 633 nm. A nearly diffraction-limited spot size and an efficiency of >80% are measured.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Carbon Homologation of Carboxylic Acids via BtCH<sub>2</sub>TMS: A Safe Alternative to the Arndt—Eistert Reaction. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Molecular mechanisms of cocaine reward: Combined dopamine and serotonin transporter knockouts eliminate cocaine place preference (2001)

Cocaine blocks uptake by neuronal plasma membrane transporters for dopamine (DAT), serotonin (SERT), and norepinephrine (NET). Cocaine reward/reinforcement has been linked to actions at DAT or to blockade of SERT. However, knockouts of neither DAT, SERT, or NET reduce cocaine reward/reinforcement, leaving substantial uncertainty about cocaine's molecular mechanisms for reward. Conceivably, the molecular bases of cocaine reward might display sufficient redundancy that either DAT or SERT might be able to mediate cocaine reward in the other's absence. To test this hypothesis, we examined double knockout mice with deletions of one or both copies of both the DAT and SERT genes. These mice display viability, weight gain, histologic features, neurochemical parameters, and baseline behavioral features that allow tests of cocaine influences. Mice with even a single wild-type DAT gene copy and no SERT copies retain cocaine reward/reinforcement, as measured by conditioned place-preference testing. However, mice with no DAT and either no or one SERT gene copy display no preference for places where they have previously received cocaine. The serotonin dependence of cocaine reward in DAT knockout mice is thus confirmed by the elimination of cocaine place preference in DAT/SERT double knockout mice. These results provide insights into the brain molecular targets necessary for cocaine reward in knockout mice that develop in their absence and suggest novel strategies for anticocaine medication development.
Reinforcement-Learning-Based Output-Feedback Control of Nonstrict Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems With Application to Engine Emission Control (2009)

A novel reinforcement-learning-based output adaptive neural network (NN) controller, which is also referred to as the adaptive-critic NN controller, is developed to deliver the desired tracking performance for a class of nonlinear discrete-time systems expressed in nonstrict feedback form in the presence of bounded and unknown disturbances. The adaptive-critic NN controller consists of an observer, a critic, and two action NNs. The observer estimates the states and output, and the two action NNs provide virtual and actual control inputs to the nonlinear discrete-time system. The critic approximates a certain strategic utility function, and the action NNs minimize the strategic utility function and control inputs. All NN weights adapt online toward minimization of a performance index, utilizing the gradient-descent-based rule, in contrast with iteration-based adaptive-critic schemes. Lyapunov functions are used to show the stability of the closed-loop tracking error, weights, and observer estimates. Separation and certainty equivalence principles, persistency of excitation condition, and linearity in the unknown parameter assumption are not needed. Experimental results on a spark ignition (SI) engine operating lean at an equivalence ratio of 0.75 show a significant (25%) reduction in cyclic dispersion in heat release with control, while the average fuel input changes by less than 1% compared with the uncontrolled case. Consequently, oxides of nitrogen (NO(x)) drop by 30%, and unburned hydrocarbons drop by 16% with control. Overall, NO(x)'s are reduced by over 80% compared with stoichiometric levels.
Optical monitoring of oxygen tension in cortical microvessels with confocal microscopy (2009)

Evaluating cerebral oxygenation is of critical importance for the understanding of brain function and several neuropathologies. Although several techniques exist for measuring cerebral oxygenation in vivo, the most widely accepted techniques offer limited spatial resolution. We have developed a confocal imaging system for minimally invasive measurement of oxygen tension (pO(2)) in cerebral microvessels with high spatial and temporal resolution. The system relies on the phosphorescence quenching method using exogenous porphyrin-based dendritic oxygen probes. Here we present high-resolution phosphorescence images of cortical microvasculature and temporal pO(2) profiles from multiple locations in response to varied fraction of inspired oxygen and functional activation.
CoBots: robust symbiotic autonomous mobile service robots (2015)

We research and develop autonomous mobile ser-vice robots as Collaborative Robots, i.e., CoBots. For the last three years, our four CoBots have autonomously navigated in our multi-floor office buildings for more than 1,000km, as the result of the integration of multiple perceptual, cognitive, and actuations representations and algorithms. In this paper, we identify a few core aspects of our CoBots underlying their robust functionality. The reliable mobility in the varying indoor environ-ments comes from a novel episodic non-Markov localization. Service tasks requested by users are the input to a scheduler that can consider differ-ent types of constraints, including transfers among multiple robots. With symbiotic autonomy, the CoBots proactively seek external sources of help to fill-in for their inevitable occasional limitations. We present sampled results from a deployment and conclude with a brief review of other features of our service robots. 1
Interaction between CD45-AP and Protein-tyrosine Kinases Involved in T Cell Receptor Signaling (1999)

CD45-AP associates specifically with CD45, a protein-tyrosine phosphatase essential for antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction. CD45 modulates the activity of Src family protein-tyrosine kinases involved at the onset of antigen receptor-mediated signaling by dephosphorylating their regulatory tyrosyl residues. We have shown that lymphocyte responses to antigen receptor stimulation are impaired in CD45-AP-null mice. To examine the possibility that CD45-AP coordinates the interaction between CD45 and its substrates, we investigated the associations of CD45-AP with several protein-tyrosine kinases. Endogenous CD45-AP coimmunoprecipitated with Lck and ZAP-70 in both CD45-positive T cells and their CD45-negative variants after stimulation by antigen receptor ligation. Concomitantly, CD45 coimmunoprecipitated with Lck and ZAP-70 after T cell receptor-mediated stimulation of CD45-positive cells. Recombinant CD45-AP exhibited specific binding to Lck and ZAP-70 protein-tyrosine kinases, but not to Fyn or Csk, in lysates of both CD45-positive and -negative T cells. Specific interactions were demonstrated between the respective recombinant proteins as well. These results demonstrate that CD45-AP associates directly and selectively with Lck and ZAP-70 in response to T cell receptor-mediated stimulation. The associations of CD45-AP with Lck and ZAP-70 may mediate the functional interactions of these kinases with CD45 during antigen receptor stimulation.
Reentrant magnetic behavior in fcc Co-Cu alloys (1991)

Crystalline ${\mathrm{Co}}_{\mathit{x}}$${\mathrm{Cu}}_{1\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}\mathit{x}}$ alloys, which cannot be obtained by equilibrium methods, have been fabricated by magnetron sputtering. The magnetic properties of the alloys, whose structure remains single-phase fcc up to x=0.80, is studied over the entire range of compositions. As in the case of other random magnetic systems such as Fe-Au, the metastable alloy is seen to evolve from a spin glass at low Co concentrations to a reentrant spin glass with evidence for both ferromagnetic and spin-glass ordering, and finally to a ferromagnet for x>0.40. A magnetic phase diagram for fcc Co-Cu is proposed.
Stability and Formulation of Erlotinib in Skin Creams (2022)

Recent studies have highlighted the benefit of repurposing oral erlotinib (ERL) treatment in some rare skin diseases such as Olmsted syndrome. The use of a topical ERL skin treatment instead of the currently available ERL tablets may be appealing to treat skin disorders while reducing adverse systemic effects and exposure. A method to prepare 0.2% ERL cream, without resorting to a pure active pharmaceutical ingredient, was developed and the formulation was optimized to improve ERL stability over time. Erlotinib extraction from tablets was incomplete with Transcutol, whereas dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) allowed 100% erlotinib recovery. During preliminary studies, ERL was shown to be sensitive to oxidation and acidic pH in solution and when added to selected creams (i.e., Excipial, Nourivan Antiox, Pentravan, and Versatile). The results also showed that use of DMSO (5% <i>v</i>/<i>w</i>), neutral pH, as well as a topical agent containing antioxidant substances (Nourivan Antiox) were key factors to maintain the initial erlotinib concentration. The proposed ERL cream formulation at neutral pH contains a homogeneous amount of ERL and is stable for at least 42 days at room temperature in Nourivan cream with antioxidant properties.
The secrecy of compressed sensing measurements (2008)

Results in compressed sensing describe the feasibility of reconstructing sparse signals using a small number of linear measurements. In addition to compressing the signal, do these measurements provide secrecy? This paper considers secrecy in the context of an adversary that does not know the measurement matrix used to encrypt the signal. We demonstrate that compressed sensing-based encryption does not achieve Shannon's definition of perfect secrecy, but can provide a computational guarantee of secrecy.
Synthesis and biological activity of 1-N-(4-(substituted)amidino and guanidino-2-hydroxybutyryl)kanamycins A and B. (1991)

The synthesis and biological properties of 1-N-[4-(substituted)amidino and guanidino-2-hydroxybutyryl]kanamycins A and B are described. Reaction of 3,3",6'-tri-N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-amikacin with an appropriate amidinating or guanidinating reagent and subsequent deblocking gave a series of amikacin derivatives having an amidino or guanidino group on the 4"'-position. The corresponding kanamycin B analogs were also prepared by a similar procedure. Among these derivatives, 1-N-(4-formamidino- and guanidino-2-hydroxybutyryl)kanamycins A (7a and 7k) and B (11 and 14) exhibited antibacterial activity similar to the corresponding 4-amino analogs. The nephrotoxic potential of selected compounds is also briefly discussed.
The Myc-dependent angiogenic switch in tumors is mediated by interleukin 1β (2006)

Although induction of blood vessel growth is acknowledged as a pivotal requirement for the evolution of macroscopic tumors, the events that trigger onset of tumor angiogenesis remain largely obscure. The pervasive Myc oncoprotein is itself a potent inducer of angiogenesis in a wide range of tissues. We have used a reversibly switchable mouse transgenic model of Myc-dependent beta-cell carcinogenesis to delineate the kinetics and causal sequence of angiogenic processes following acute Myc activation. We show that onset of endothelial cell proliferation is induced shortly after Myc-induced cell cycle entry of beta cells. Endothelial cell proliferation is not indirectly induced by local tissue hypoxia but instead via a diffusible angiogenic signal produced by Myc-expressing beta cells. This signal triggers the release of pre-existing, sequestered VEGF from the islet extracellular matrix, that then homes to the endothelial compartment where it induces endothelial cell proliferation. Myc activation in beta cells rapidly induces expression and release of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1beta (IL-1beta). We show that IL-1beta is the principal effector downstream of Myc responsible for triggering rapid onset of islet angiogenesis. Together, our data delineate a complete pathway in vivo by which the highly pleiotropic Myc oncoproteins elicits coexpansion of the vascular compartment during tumorigenic progression.
Microstructure and tacticity in radical copolymerization I. (1979)

Abstract The NMR spectra of styrene‐methyl methacrylate copolymers were found to exhibit a multiplicity in the 2.0–3.6δ region characteristic for methoxy protons. The methoxy pattern is explained by taking into account the degree of shielding of methoxy protons, in relation to both number and configuration of the neighbouring styrene units along the chain. The relative areas of the methoxy peaks are compared with results of the statistical analysis of monomer sequence probabilities.
Reaction of 1-bromoadamantane with diphenylphosphide and diphenylarsenide ions by the SRN1 mechanism. Facile nucleophilic substitution at the bridgehead position (1982)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of 1-bromoadamantane with diphenylphosphide and diphenylarsenide ions by the SRN1 mechanism. Facile nucleophilic substitution at the bridgehead positionRoberto A. Rossi, Sara M. Palacios, and Ana N. SantiagoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1982, 47, 24, 4654–4657Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1982Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1982https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00145a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00145a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations23LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Influenza A Virus PB1-F2 Protein Targets the Inner Mitochondrial Membrane via a Predicted Basic Amphipathic Helix That Disrupts Mitochondrial Function (2003)

The 11th influenza A virus gene product is an 87-amino-acid protein provisionally named PB1-F2 (because it is encoded by an open reading frame overlapping the PB1 open reading frame). A significant fraction of PB1-F2 localizes to the inner mitochondrial membrane in influenza A virus-infected cells. PB1-F2 appears to enhance virus-induced cell death in a cell type-dependent manner. For the present communication we have identified and characterized a region near the COOH terminus of PB1-F2 that is necessary and sufficient for its inner mitochondrial membrane localization, as determined by transient expression of chimeric proteins consisting of elements of PB1-F2 genetically fused to enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in HeLa cells. Targeting of EGFP to mitochondria by this sequence resulted in the loss of the inner mitochondrial membrane potential, leading to cell death. The mitochondrial targeting sequence (MTS) is predicted to form a positively charged amphipathic alpha-helix and, as such, is similar to the MTS of the p13(II) protein of human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. We formally demonstrate the functional interchangeability of the two sequences for mitochondrial localization of PB1-F2. Mutation analysis of the putative amphipathic helix in the PB1-F2 reveals that replacement of five basic amino acids with Ala abolishes mitochondrial targeting, whereas mutation of two highly conserved Leu to Ala does not. These findings demonstrate that PB1-F2 possesses an MTS similar to other viral proteins and that this MTS, when fused to EGFP, is capable of independently compromising mitochondrial function and cellular viability.
Analysis of small RNAs revealed differential expressions during pollen and embryo sac development in autotetraploid rice (2017)

The above results not only provide the small RNAs changes during four landmark stages of pollen and embryo sac development in autotetraploid rice but also have identified specifically expressed miRNAs, especially meiosis-related miRNAs, pollen-specific-24 nt-phasiRNAs and TEs-siRNAs in autotetraploid rice. Together, these findings provide a foundation for understanding the effect of polyploidy on small RNAs expression patterns during pollen and embryo sac development that may lead to different abnormalities in autotetraploid rice.
Evaluation of Cold Tolerance for Japonica Rice Varieties from Different Country (2013)

Low temperature is a major limiting factor for agricultural productivity in temperate areas and at high altitudes in Asian cultivated rice (Oryza sativa). Difference of cold tolerance traits at booting stage and the similarity of japonica varieties between different countries were studied, by using 11 japonica rice varieties from three countries. The results showed that the cold tolerance at the booting stage among japonica rice under natural temperature and cold water irrigation were significantly different and japonica rice varieties from Korea showed stronger cold tolerance than that from Russia and China. Five japonica rice varieties with stronger cold tolerance at the booting stage were selected. Among them, Jinbubyeo, Junganbyeo and SR30084-F8-156 from Korea showed stronger cold tolerance both under constant cold water irrigation and 7-days cold water treatment at booting stage. This study also funded that the main panicle length of all test materials becomes shorter than the control.
Common Modifications of Trimeric G Proteins and ras Protein: Involvement of Polyisoprenylation (1990)

The heterotrimeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins act at the inner surface of the plasma membrane to relay information from cell surface receptors to effectors inside the cell. These G proteins are not integral membrane proteins, yet are membrane associated. The processing and function of the gamma subunit of the yeast G protein involved in mating-pheromone signal transduction was found to be affected by the same mutations that block ras processing. The nature of these mutations implied that the gamma subunit was polyisoprenylated and that this modification was necessary for membrane association and biological activity. A microbial screen was developed for pharmacological agents that inhibit polyisoprenylation and that have potential application in cancer therapy.
Switching Regioselectivity in the Allylation of Imines by N-Side Chain Tuning (2012)

A spectacular inversion of α- to γ-regioselectivity in the allylzincation of imines can be achieved by fine-tuning of the N-side chain. This approach allows easy preparation of regioisomeric amines, in racemic as well as enantiopure forms. The usefulness of the method is illustrated by the parallel asymmetric syntheses of 2,3- and 2,5-diphenylpyrrolidines.
EMAP II Overexpression Induces Endothelial Apoptosis and Emphysema in Murine Lungs (2008)

Objective: Endothelial Monocyte‐Activating Polypeptide II (EMAP II) is a monocyte attracting, anti‐angiogenic and endothelial cells apoptosis inducing pro‐inflammatory cytokine. Based on our previous work linking endothelial apoptosis to emphysema we tested the hypothesis that inducible overexpression of EMAP II leads to apoptosis and emphysema in murine lungs. Methods: A transgenic murine model of tetracycline‐inducible lung specific EMAP II expression was employed. EMAP II overexpression was analyzed by Western immunoblotting of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and immunohistochemistry of lung tissue. Endothelial apoptosis was determined in lung sections treated with active caspase‐3‐ and VE‐cadherin‐specific fluorescent‐labeled antibodies using confocal microscopy. Lung sections were stained with H&E for morphometric analysis of airspace enlargement. Results: Lung‐specific EMAP II overexpression resulted in a significant increase in caspase‐3 positive cells in lung parenchyma. A marked decrease in alveolar surface density was observed in transgenic mice after 3 months of induction compared to controls (39.4 + 2.4 vs 46.2 + 0.6 mm2/mm3, p=0.001). Conclusion: Transgenic EMAP II overexpression leads to increased endothelial apoptosis and emphysema‐like morphologic changes in murine lungs. These results suggest that EMAP II may contribute to the pathophysiology of emphysema development.