gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treaty Interpretation After R. v. Marshall; R. v. Bernard (2006)

R. v. Marshall; R. v. Bernard is no doubt one of the most important rulings on Aboriginal title and treaty rights to be released by the Supreme Court of Canada for some time. The decision contains much to ponder about both the nature of Aboriginal title and how to interpret historical treaties. This paper focuses on the treaty issues in Marshall; Bernard, against the backdrop of the Court’s earlier rulings in Marshall 1 and Marshall 2, and seeks to identify some issues and implications for treaty litigation arising out of the Court’s ruling.
Effect of antioxidants on refined palm oil (1975)

Abstract Alkali refined palm oil and hydrogenated cotton‐seed oil were stabilized with butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, and tertiary butylhydroquinone. Under bulk storage temperatures significant reductions in the peroxide formation of palm oil were obtained only with tertiary butyl‐hydroquinone. The reduction in peroxide formation with tertiary butylhydroquinone was much greater than anticipated from the active oxygen method results. The stability improvement of a snack product fried in palm oil stabilized with tertiary butylhydroquinone depended greatly on the frying conditions used. Under mild frying conditions tertiary butyl‐hydroquinone had somewhat greater carry‐through than butylated hydroxytoluene. Under more severe frying conditions tertiary butylhydroquinone provided less protection than butylated hydroxytoluene. Both palm oil and hydrogenated cottonseed oil stabilized with only butylated hydroanisole had higher active oxygen stabilities than the unstabilized controls; however, no reduction in peroxide formation of the butylated hydroxyanisole oils compared to the controls was found during storage of the oil or the snack product at 50–60 C.
Multivalent Aptamers: Versatile Tools for Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications (2016)

Nucleic acid aptamers generated through an in vitro selection are currently extensively applied as very valuable biomolecular tools thanks to their prominent advantages. Diversity of spatial structures, ease of production through chemical synthesis and a large variety of chemical modifications make aptamers convenient building blocks for the generation of multifunctional constructs. An opportunity to combine different aptamer functionalities with other molecules of interest such as reporter groups, nanoparticles, chemotherapeutic agents, siRNA or antisense oligonucleotides provides a widest range of applications of multivalent aptamers. The present review summarizes approaches to the design of multivalent aptamers, various examples of multifunctional constructs and the prospects of employing them as components of biosensors, probes for affinity capture, tools for cell research and potential therapeutic candidates.
The Synthetic Rubber Problem (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthetic Rubber ProblemWallace H. CarothersCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1934, 26, 1, 30–33Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1934https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50289a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50289a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views118Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Closing the Loop with Collegiate Conversations in an Australian Voluntary Peer Review of Teaching Program (2013)

In Australian universities, internal or external peer reviews are not mandatory or universally practiced. However, the regulatory framework is currently under review, and the newly appointed Australian Tertiary Education Quality and Standards Agency has indicated that peer assessment is an important element of quality. This paper focuses on the development of an internal voluntary peer review of teaching program, which was designed to support the professional development of teachers in a higher-education context. The purpose of this paper is to describe the processes developed to close the loop between observations, feedback, and identification of ongoing support strategies to improve the teaching and learning of the participating academics. An overview of relevant literature is provided to contextualise and differentiate this voluntary peer review of teaching program. To evaluate the program, quantitative and qualitative data were collected under ethics approval via a 38-question survey administered to all fifteen participants in 2010. Data were also collected through participant observation. In this paper, statistical and narrative information is provided pertaining to two key aspects of the program: identifying characteristics of the feedback loop and describing how it was closed. Instruments used to facilitate reflective practice and develop action plans for professional and career development, which are included, have implications for improvement of teaching practices, scholarship of teaching and learning, and career development. Findings presented in this paper address the significant issue of closing the loop between professional development, transfer of learning, and implementation. This paper is relevant to teachers, academic leaders, and developers who are interested in professional and career development, and in closing the loop and assurance of learning.
Morphology and mechanical properties of soy protein scaffolds made by directional freezing (2010)

Abstract Directional freezing and freeze‐drying techniques were used to make robust soy protein scaffolds. The development of the morphology and mechanical properties of the scaffolds with fabrication conditions such as solution concentration and freeze temperature was studied in detail. Directional freezing produced anisotropic morphological features in the soy protein scaffolds, which produced differences between the mechanical properties in the freeze direction and the direction perpendicular to it. The evolution of the scaffold morphology started from the fibrillar columns, which widened to become layers and which then grew regularly spaced ridges normal to the layers, which eventually fused to form a highly anisotropic foam structure. Suitable soy protein solutions for making the scaffolds were prepared with guanidine hydrochloride and dithiothreitol, and the viscosity–concentration relations showed that the soy protein behaved consistently as a good polymer solution over the concentration range used for the scaffolds. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2010
Air Pollution Control Equipment (2017)

Unique problem-and-solution approach for quickly mastering a broad range of calculations This book's problem-and-solution approach enables readers to quickly grasp the fundamentals of air pollution control equipment and essential applications. Moreover, the author sets forth solid principles for the design and selection of air pollution control equipment as well as for its efficient operation and maintenance. Readers gain a deep understanding of both the equipment itself and the many factors affecting performance. Following two introductory chapters, the book dedicates four chapters to examining control equipment for gaseous pollutants, including adsorption, absorption, and incineration equipment. The remaining six chapters deal with equipment for managing airborne particulate pollutants, including gravity settlers, cyclones, electrostatic precipitators, scrubbers, and baghouses. The appendix contains discussions of hybrid systems, the SI system (including conversion constants), and a cost-equipment model. Each chapter offers a short introduction to the control device discussed. Next, progressively more difficult problems with accompanying solutions enable readers to build their knowledge as they advance through the chapter. Problems reflect the most recent developments in pollution control and include a variety of performance equations and operation and maintenance calculations. Each problem includes a statement of the problem, the data used to solve the problem, and a detailed solution. Readers may further hone their skills by visiting the text's Web site for additional problems and solutions. This publication serves both as a textbook for engineering students and as areference for engineers and technicians who need to ensure that air pollution control equipment operates efficiently and enables their facility to meet all air pollution control standards and regulations.
Precision Rotation Measurements with an Atom Interferometer Gyroscope (1997)

We report the demonstration of a Sagnac-effect atom interferometer gyroscope which uses stimulated Raman transitions to coherently manipulate atomic wave packets. We have measured the Earth's rotation rate, and demonstrated a short-term sensitivity to rotations of $2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}8}(\mathrm{rad}/\mathrm{s})/\sqrt{\mathrm{Hz}}$.
Million-scale near-duplicate video retrieval system (2011)

In this paper, we present a novel near-duplicate video retrieval system serving one million web videos. To achieve both the effectiveness and efficiency, a visual word based approach is proposed, which quantizes each video frame into a word and represents the whole video as a bag of words. The system can respond to a query in 41ms with 78.4% MAP on average.
<title>Acquisition of 3D image representation in multimedia ambiance communication using 3D laser scanner and digital camera</title> (2000)

This paper addresses a new scheme of acquisition of 3D image representation from range data and texture data. The concept of a layered structure defined for painting, such as long- range, mid-range, and short-range views, that can be applied to a 3D image. Long and mid-range views are located at a reasonable distance, and therefore do not require the perfect 3D structure. Instead of describing the perfect 3D structure, an image can be represented more simply with range information through a plane-model approximation. Setting representation can be used like stage setting to approximate objects and describe a 3D structure by plane- model. It is effective as a simplified means of describing 3D image space as in long and mid-range views that does not require a detailed 3D structure. We can obtain the parameters of plane shape from the integration of range data measured by a 3D laser scanner and a number of still images captured by a digital camera.
Monolayers and Multilayers of Chlorophyll (1937)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMonolayers and Multilayers of ChlorophyllIrving Langmuir and Vincent J. SchaeferCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1937, 59, 10, 2075–2076Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1937Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1937https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01289a506https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01289a506research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Phosphorylation of the Mr 170,000 to 180,000 glycoprotein specific to multidrug-resistant tumor cells: effects of verapamil, trifluoperazine, and phorbol esters. (1987)

An overexpression of plasma membrane glycoprotein with a relative molecular mass (Mr) of 170,000-180,000 is consistently found in different multidrug-resistant human and animal cell lines, although the functional role of the protein in multidrug resistance is not fully understood. It has been reported previously that the Mr 170,000-180,000 glycoprotein is involved, directly or indirectly, in the drug transport mechanism and the proliferation of multidrug-resistant tumor cells. In an attempt to clarify further the function of the Mr 170,000-180,000 glycoprotein, we have studied the phosphorylation state of the protein in intact K562/ADM cells and found that: the protein is phosphorylated in the basal state; verapamil and trifluoperazine, which inhibit the active drug efflux and restore drug sensitivity in resistant cells, caused an increase in the phosphorylation of the Mr 170,000-180,000 glycoprotein; 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate and 1-oleoyl 2-acetylglycerol enhanced phosphorylation of the protein; the protein was phosphorylated at serine residues; tryptic phosphopeptide mapping of the Mr 170,000-180,000 glycoprotein showed that 4 beta-phorbol 12 beta-myristate 13 alpha-acetate treatment induced an increase in phosphorylation at different sites of the protein from those induced by verapamil or trifluoperazine treatment, suggesting that the protein is phosphorylated by an array of complex regulation mechanisms. Phosphorylation of the Mr 170,000-180,000 glycoprotein might play a role in the regulation of processes affecting cellular function in multidrug resistance.
Solving sparse triangular systems on distributed memory multicomputers (2002)

The authors describe and compare two different methods for solving sparse triangular systems in distributed memory multiprocessor architectures. The two methods involve some preprocessing overheads so they are primarily of interest in solving many systems with the same coefficient-matrix. Both algorithms start off from the idea of the classical substitution method. The first algorithm presented introduces a concept of data driven flow, and makes use of non-blocking communications in order to dynamically extract the inherent parallelism of sparse systems. The second algorithm uses a reordering technique for the unknowns, so the final system can be grouped in variable block sizes where the rows are independent and can be solved in parallel. This latter technique is called level scheduling because of the way it is represented in the adjacency graph.
Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor and the intestinal innate immune cell homeostasis in Crohn's disease (2014)

Current literature consolidates the view of Crohn's disease (CD) as a form of immunodeficiency highlighting dysregulation of intestinal innate immunity in the pathogenesis of CD. Intestinal macrophages derived from blood monocytes play a key role in sustaining the innate immune homeostasis in the intestine, suggesting that the monocyte/macrophage compartment might be an attractive therapeutic target for the management of CD. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is a hematopoietic growth factor that also promotes myeloid cell activation, proliferation, and differentiation. GM-CSF has a protective effect in human CD and mouse models of colitis. However, the role of GM-CSF in immune and inflammatory reactions in the intestine is not well defined. Beneficial effects exerted by GM-CSF during intestinal inflammation could relate to modulation of the mucosal barrier function in the intestine, including epithelial cell proliferation, survival, restitution, and immunomodulatory actions. The aim of this review is to summarize potential mechanistic roles of GM-CSF in intestinal innate immune cell homeostasis and to highlight its central role in maintenance of the intestinal immune barrier in the context of immunodeficiency in CD.
A consensus promoter sequence for Caulobacter crescentus genes involved in biosynthetic and housekeeping functions (1995)

Caulobacter crescentus differentiates prior to each cell division to form two different daughter cells: a monoflagellated swarmer cell and a nonmotile stalked cell. Thus, one might expect that developmentally expressed genes would be regulated by mechanisms different from those used to regulate the expression of the biosynthetic genes. To determine a consensus promoter sequence for genes involved in biosynthetic or housekeeping functions, DNA fragments containing the regulatory regions of the ilvD, ilvR, cysC, pleC, and fdxA genes were cloned. S1 nuclease protection mapping and primer extension techniques were used to identify the transcription initiation sites. Comparison of the regulatory regions of these genes with those of the published sequences of the ilvBN, rrnA, trpFBA, dnaA, dnaK, hemE, and rsaA genes has resulted in the identification of a putative promoter consensus sequence. The -35 region contains the sequence TTGACGS, which is similar to the Escherichia coli -35 region, while the -10 region, GCTANAWC, has a more balanced GC content than the corresponding region in E. coli. Oligonucleotide-directed site-specific mutagenesis of both the ilvBN and pleC promoters indicates that mutations that make a promoter more like the consensus result in increased promoter activity, while mutations decreasing similarity to the consensus result in decreased promoter activity.
Induction of a Major Leaf Acid Phosphatase Does Not Confer Adaptation to Low Phosphorus Availability in Common Bean (2001)

Acid phosphatase is believed to be important for phosphorus scavenging and remobilization in plants, but its role in plant adaptation to low phosphorus availability has not been critically evaluated. To address this issue, we compared acid phosphatase activity (APA) in leaves of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) in a phosphorus-inefficient genotype (DOR364), a phosphorus-efficient genotype (G19833), and their F(5.10) recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Phosphorus deficiency substantially increased leaf APA, but APA was much higher and more responsive to phosphorus availability in DOR364 than in G19833. Leaf APA segregated in the RILs, with two discrete groups having either high (mean = 1.71 micromol/mg protein/min) or low (0.36 micromol/mg protein/min) activity. A chi-square test indicated that the observed difference might be controlled by a single gene. Non-denaturing protein electrophoresis revealed that there are four visible isoforms responsible for total APA in common bean, and that the difference in APA between contrasting genotypes could be attributed to the existence of a single major isoform. Qualitative mapping of the APA trait and quantitative trait loci analysis with molecular markers indicated that a major gene contributing to APA is located on linkage group B03 of the unified common bean map. This locus was not associated with loci conferring phosphorus acquisition efficiency or phosphorus use efficiency. RILs contrasting for APA had similar phosphorus pools in old and young leaves under phosphorus stress, arguing against a role for APA in phosphorus remobilization. Our results do not support a major role for leaf APA induction in regulating plant adaptation to phosphorus deficiency.
Effect of Photocatalytic Coatings on the Weathering of Elastomeric Roofing Membrane (2006)

A continuing problem associated with reflective roofing membranes, particularly those installed in the southeast section of the US, is the gradual loss of reflectivity due to the accumulation of algal species on its outer surface.The Florida Solar Energy Center, in collaboration with Firestone Building Products Company, has been investigating the use of photocatalytic coatings to resist the growth of algae, particularly those from the genus Gloeocapsa.This is an environmentally friendly approach that could potentially replace paint and membrane additives whose biocidal effectiveness eventually wears out and whose toxicity may represent a problem to the surrounding area.Results of a two-year test where square-foot pieces of roofing membrane were modified with photocatalyst and mounted on a rooftop test stand showed that reflectivity for TPO and PVC membranes remained higher than untreated membranes throughout the test period.
Interactions of NK Cell Receptor KIR3DL1*004 with Chaperones and Conformation-Specific Antibody Reveal a Functional Folded State As Well As Predominant Intracellular Retention (2010)

Variable interaction between the Bw4 epitope of HLA-B and the polymorphic KIR3DL1/S1 system of inhibitory and activating NK cell receptors diversifies the development, repertoire formation, and response of human NK cells. KIR3DL1*004, a common KIR3DL1 allotype, in combination with Bw4(+) HLA-B, slows progression of HIV infection to AIDS. Analysis in this study of KIR3DL1*004 membrane traffic in NK cells shows this allotype is largely misfolded but stably retained in the endoplasmic reticulum, where it binds to the chaperone calreticulin and does not induce the unfolded protein response. A small fraction of KIR3DL1*004 folds correctly and leaves the endoplasmic reticulum to be expressed on the surface of primary NK and transfected NKL cells, in a form that can be triggered to inhibit NK cell activation and secretion of IFN-γ. Consistent with this small proportion of correctly folded molecules, trace amounts of MHC class I coimmunoprecipitated with KIR3DL1*004. There was no indication of any extensive intracellular interaction between unfolded KIR3DL1*004 and cognate Bw4(+) HLA-B. A similarly limited interaction of Bw4 with KIR3DL1*002, when both were expressed by the same cell, was observed despite the efficient folding of KIR3DL1*002 and its abundance on the NK cell surface. Several positions of polymorphism modulate KIR3DL1 abundance at the cell surface, differences that do not necessarily correlate with the potency of allotype function. In this context, our results suggest the possibility that the effect of Bw4(+) HLA-B and KIR3DL1*004 in slowing progression to AIDS is mediated by interaction of Bw4(+) HLA-B with the small fraction of cell surface KIR3DL1*004.