gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
MEKC Analysis of Different<i>Echinacea</i>Species (1998)

The distribution pattern of caffeic acid derivatives in Echinacea species is complex, and problems with the identity of each drug have been recognized. Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) has been applied to define the fingerprints of Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida, and Echinacea purpurea, and their mixtures. The results obtained evidence that MEKC is a valuable tool for the characterization of these drugs.
Detection of antibodies to variant antigens on Plasmodium falciparum‐infected erythrocytes by flow cytometry (1999)

Background: Naturally induced antibodies binding to surface antigens of Plasmodium falciparum–infected erythrocytes can be detected by direct agglutination of infected erythrocytes or by indirect immunofluorescence on intact, unfixed, infected erythrocytes. Agglutinating antibodies have previously been shown to recognise Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein 1 (PfEMP1). This protein is inserted by the parasite into the host cell membrane and mediates the adhesion to the venular endothelium of the host organism in vivo. Methods: Erythrocytes infected at high parasitaemias with ethidium-bromide-labelled mature forms of P. falciparum parasites were sequentially exposed to immune plasma, goat anti-human immunoglobulin (Ig) G, and fluorescein-isothiocyanate-conjugated rabbit anti-goat Ig. Plasma antibodies recognising antigens exposed on the surface of parasitised erythrocytes were subsequently detected by two-colour flow cytometry. Results: Binding of human antibodies to the surface of erythrocytes infected with adhesive strains of Plasmodium falciparum can be measured by the two-colour flow cytometry (FCM) assay described. In addition, we demonstrate that the adhesive capacity of a parasite isolate correlates with the capacity of human immune plasmas to label the isolate as detected by FCM. We also show that the antigens recognised by the labelling antibodies are strain specific and that their molecular weights are in the range previously described for PfEMP1 antigens. Conclusions: Our FCM assay predominantly detects antibodies that recognise PfEMP1 and thus constitutes a convenient assay for the analysis of acquisition, maintenance, and diversity of anti-PfEMP1-specific antibodies and for the examination of class and subclass characteristics. Cytometry 35:329–336, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Access to Poly-β-Peptides with Functionalized Side Chains and End Groups via Controlled Ring-Opening Polymerization of β-Lactams (2009)

Poly-beta-peptides are attractive for biomedical applications because the backbone is similar enough to that of proteins for biocompatibility, but the backbone is sufficiently unnatural that these polymers evade proteolytic degradation. Prior investigations of poly-beta-peptides have been hindered by two principal limitations: (1) most known examples are insoluble, and (2) the range of accessible side chain functionality has been quite limited (mostly simple hydrocarbon units). The present study describes innovations in poly-beta-peptide synthesis that enable the preparation of diversely functionalized examples and provide the basis for broad exploration of the properties and applications of these nylon-3 materials. We describe several beta-lactams with a protected amino group in their side chain that readily undergo ring-opening polymerization (ROP). These monomers are available in large quantities via N-chlorosulfonylisocyanate (CSI) cycloaddition reactions with functionalized alkenes; previously CSI reactions have been limited to alkenes with hydrocarbon substituents. Postpolymerization deprotection of the amino groups leads to water-soluble poly-beta-peptides. In addition, we introduce a simple co-initiation strategy that allows placement of a wide variety of functional groups at the N-termini of poly-beta-peptide chains. ROP involving the new beta-lactams and co-initiation strategy exhibits characteristics of a controlled polymerization and enables the preparation of amphiphilic block copolymers. We have recently shown that cationic copoly-beta-peptides made available by these innovations mimic the selective antibacterial activity of host-defense peptides; the results described here provide the foundation for further exploration of this valuable activity and for the pursuit of other biological applications such as DNA/siRNA delivery and tissue engineering.
Inhibitory Effects of<i>Zingiber officinale</i>Roscoe Derived Components on Aldose Reductase Activity in Vitro and in Vivo (2006)

Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) continues to be used as an important cooking spice and herbal medicine around the world. Scientific research has gradually verified the antidiabetic effects of ginger. Especially gingerols, which are the major components of ginger, are known to improve diabetes including the effect of enhancement against insulin-sensitivity. Aldose reductase inhibitors have considerable potential for the treatment of diabetes, without increased risk of hypoglycemia. The assay for aldose reductase inhibitors in ginger led to the isolation of five active compounds including 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanol (2) and 2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)ethanoic acid (3). Compounds 2 and 3 were good inhibitors of recombinant human aldose reductase, with IC50 values of 19.2 +/- 1.9 and 18.5 +/- 1.1 microM, respectively. Furthermore, these compounds significantly suppressed not only sorbitol accumulation in human erythrocytes but also lens galactitol accumulation in 30% of galactose-fed cataract rat model. A structure-activity relationship study revealed that the applicable side alkyl chain length and the presence of a C3 OCH3 group in the aromatic ring are essential features for enzyme recognition and binding. These results suggested that it would contribute to the protection against or improvement of diabetic complications for a dietary supplement of ginger or its extract containing aldose reductase inhibitors.
Protein–protein docking benchmark 2.0: An update (2005)

We present a new version of the Protein-Protein Docking Benchmark, reconstructed from the bottom up to include more complexes, particularly focusing on more unbound-unbound test cases. SCOP (Structural Classification of Proteins) was used to assess redundancy between the complexes in this version. The new benchmark consists of 72 unbound-unbound cases, with 52 rigid-body cases, 13 medium-difficulty cases, and 7 high-difficulty cases with substantial conformational change. In addition, we retained 12 antibody-antigen test cases with the antibody structure in the bound form. The new benchmark provides a platform for evaluating the progress of docking methods on a wide variety of targets. The new version of the benchmark is available to the public at http://zlab.bu.edu/benchmark2.
Fuzzy association rule mining for community crime pattern discovery (2010)

Current manual inspection of crime data by analysts is limited, primarily due to the amount of data that can be processed concurrently and in a reasonable time frame. Further, complex relationships between various crime attributes can be overlooked by human analysts. Providing automated knowledge discovery tools becomes attractive to accelerate the efforts of local law enforcement. In this paper, we study the application of fuzzy association rule mining for community crime pattern discovery. Discovered rules are presented and discussed at regional and national levels. Rules found to hold in all states, be consistent across all regions, and subsets of regions are also discussed. A relative support metric was defined to extract rare, novel rules from thousands of discovered rules. Such an approach relieves the need of law enforcement personnel to sift through uninteresting, obvious rules in order to find interesting and meaningful crime patterns of importance to their community.
A reconstituted HDL containing V156K or R173C apoA-I exhibited anti-inflammatory activity in apo-E deficient mice and showed resistance to myeloperoxidase-mediated oxidation (2009)

It has been hypothesized that blood infusion of reconstituted HDL (rHDL) is a possible therapeutic strategy for the treatment of coronary artery disese. To compare short-term anti-inflammatory activity of wildtype (WT) apoA-I and point mutants, each rHDL containing WT, V156K, or R173C was infused into apo-E deficient atherosclerotic mice. Each rHDL was injected via the tail vein at a dosage of 120 mg/kg of body weight in 0.4 ml of tris-buffered saline (TBS), and blood was then collected at 24 and 48 h post-injection. Although regression activity was observed in each of the rHDL infused groups, a 30% reduction in the lipid-stained area of the aortic sinus was observed in the V156K and R173C-rHDL groups when compared to that of the WT-rHDL group, and this reduction was well correlated with an approximately 60% reduction in the accumulation of macrophages in the lesion area. Additionally, the groups that received the V156K and R173C-rHDL treatments showed smaller increases in the GOT, GPT, interleukin-6, myeloperoxidase (MPO) and lipid hydroperoxide (LPO) serum levels than those that received the WT-rHDL treatment. In addition, the strongest serum paraoxonase and ferric reducing ability was observed in the V156K and R173C-rHDL groups. In vitro nitration and chlorination of apoA-I by MPO treatment revealed that V156K-rHDL and R173C-rHDL were less susceptible to chlorination. Furthermore, rHDL treatment inhibited cellular uptake of oxidized LDL by macrophage cells and the production of proatherogenic species in culture media. In conclusion, blood infusions of the rHDLs exerted in vivo regression activity with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity in apo-E deficient mice and THP-1 cells, especially in those that were treated with V156K and R173C apoA-I.
Timing of CD8+ T Cell Responses in Relation to Commencement of Capillary Leakage in Children with Dengue (2010)

Immune activation is a feature of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and CD8+ T cell responses in particular have been suggested as having a role in the vasculopathy that characterizes this disease. By phenotyping CD8+ T cells (CD38+/HLA-DR+, CD38+/Ki-67+, or HLA-DR+/Ki-67+) in serial blood samples from children with dengue, we found no evidence of increased CD8+ T cell activation prior to the commencement of resolution of viremia or hemoconcentration. Investigations with MHC class I tetramers to detect NS3(133-142)-specific CD8+ T cells in two independent cohorts of children suggested the commencement of hemoconcentration and thrombocytopenia in DHF patients generally begins before the appearance of measurable frequencies of NS3(133-142)-specific CD8+ T cells. The temporal mismatch between the appearance of measurable surface activated or NS3(133-142)-specific CD8+ T cells suggests that these cells are sequestered at sites of infection, have phenotypes not detected by our approach, or that other mechanisms independent of CD8+ T cells are responsible for early triggering of capillary leakage in children with DHF.
On spacing policies for highway vehicle automation (2003)

This paper develops a framework for the design and evaluation of spacing policies for adaptive cruise control. Spacing policies are evaluated from the point of view of string stability, traffic flow stability and traffic flow capacity. The standard constant time-gap spacing policy can guarantee string stability but is shown to suffer from poor traffic capacity and traffic flow instability. An "ideal" spacing policy is proposed that evolves naturally from the evaluation framework. The proposed spacing policy is a nonlinear function of speed. It provides string stability and traffic flow stability as well as a higher traffic flow capacity compared to the standard time-gap controller. An associated result proved in the paper is that traffic flow stability implies string stability for flow volumes up to a described maximum value.
RFID sensor network for workplace safety management (2013)

Large industrial environments are inherently complex systems to be monitored and controlled, given the presence of vehicles, people and industrial plants. In a context dominated by strict regulations for workplace safety, systems for monitoring and preventing workplace risks can have a particular importance. This paper describes the work in progress on designing and implementing an RFID-based sensor network for workplace safety management. The proposed system is based on Body Area Networks and passive RFID tags and sensors. The goal of the proposed system is to offer a detailed, constantly updated overview of an industrial environment in terms of workplace safety.
Some Investigations Into Machining With Driven Rotary Tools (1981)

Experimental studies have been conducted with driven rotary tools on various work materials, using specially constructed test rigs. The studies include the effect of rotary speed on the geometry, the kinematics and the mechanics of chip formation. The data are analyzed, using the concept of equivalent angle of obliquity. Hitherto unknown and extraordinary effects on the chip formation have been noted which lead to new modes of rotary machining and the expansion of the scope of rotary machining.
Palladiumkatalysierte Synthese von substituierten Cycloheptan‐1,4‐dionen durch asymmetrische, ringerweiternde Allylierung (AREA) (2007)

Funktionalisierte Sieben- und Achtringcarbocyclen sind über eine asymmetrische, Pd-katalysierte, decarboxylierende Fragmentierung gespannter Bicyclo[3.2.0]heptan-2-one zugänglich (siehe Schema, dba=trans,trans-Dibenzylidenaceton). Die Produkte werden über eine Sequenz aus [2+2]-Cycloaddition, Retroaldolreaktion und asymmetrischer Allylierung von Ketonenolaten hergestellt.
Dual mode switching of cholesteric liquid crystal device with three-terminal electrode structure (2012)

We propose a cholesteric liquid crystal device with a three-terminal electrode structure that can be operated in both the dynamic and the bistable modes. Fast switching (less than 5 ms) between the planar and the in-plane-field-induced states can be realized by applying an in-plane electric field, and conventional bistable switching between the planar and focal conic states can be realized by applying a vertical electric field.
Selective C‐6 Prenylation of Flavonoids <i>via</i> Europium(III)‐ Catalyzed Claisen Rearrangement and Cross‐Metathesis (2007)

Abstract Starting from the readily available parent flavonoids, the flavanone 6‐prenylnaringenin, the isoflavone 6‐prenylgenistein (wighteone, erythrinin B) and a protected derivative of the flavonol 6‐prenylquercetin (gancaonin P) have been synthesized in short reaction sequences featuring the title processes as key steps.
Soft-x-ray amplification in a capillary discharge (1994)

Soft-x-ray amplification in the C vi Balmer \ensuremath{\alpha} transition is observed in a capillary discharge. The capillary is made of polyethylene with a bore diameter of 1.2 mm. A hot and dense carbon plasma which is formed on the capillary axis region expands radially and collides with the wall where it undergoes a rapid cooling and subsequent recombination. The amplification takes place in this cool (${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{e}}$\ensuremath{\sim}13 eV) plasma region, according to space-resolved spectral data obtained using a 2-m grazing incidence spectrograph. The gain coefficient is measured to be 2.8 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$.
An overview of experimental and early investigational therapies for the treatment of polycystic kidney disease (2015)

Among the drugs currently being explored, mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors reduce kidney volume enlargement but their role remains uncertain. The most promising drug is the V2 receptor antagonist tolvaptan, which reduces the increased rate of total kidney volume and slows down glomerular filtration rate decline. The main candidates for the treatment of cysts growth, both in the kidney and in the liver whenever present, are the somatostatin analogues, such as lanreotide and octreotide and more recently pasireotide. As for other therapies, some favorable results have been achieved but data are still not sufficient to establish if these approaches may be beneficial in slowing ADPKD progression in the future.
Complexes of Group 12 Metals with 2-Acetylpyridine <sup>4</sup>N-Dimethylthiosemicarbazone and with 2-Acetylpyridine-N-oxide <sup>4</sup>N-Dimethylthiosemicarbazone: Synthesis, Structure and Antifungal Activity (1999)

Reaction in ethanol of group 12 metal halides with 2-acetylpyridine 4 N-dimethylthiosemicarbazone (H4DML) and with 2-acetylpyridine-N-oxide 4 N-dimethylthiosemicarbazone (H4DMLO) afforded complexes of the forms [M(H4DML)X 2 ] (1 - 9) and [M(H4DMLO)X 2 ] (10 - 18) (M = Zn II , Cd II or Hg II ; X = Cl, Br or I). H4DMLO and the complexes of both thiosemicarbazones have been characterized by elemental analysis and by IR and 1 H, 13 C and 113 Cd NMR spectroscopy, and the crystal structures of [Cd(H4 DML)Cl 2 ] (4), [Cd(H4 DML)l 2 ] (6), H4DMLO, [Hg(H4DMLO)Cl 2 ] (16) and [Hg(H4 DMLO)Br 2 ] (17) have been determined by X-ray diffractometry. In all the H4DML complexes, the thiosemicarbazone acts as an N,N,Stridentate ligand, and the coordination polyhedra of the pentacoordinate metals are more or less distorted tetragonal pyramids. H4DMLO is an 0,N,S-tridentate ligand for zinc and cadmium halides and an N,S-bidentate ligand for mercury halides, in which the mercury atom has coordination number four and a distorted trigonal pyramidal environment. In assays of antifungal activity against Aspergillus niger and Paecilomyces variotii, H4DML was more active than nystatin, and its complex with ZnCl 2 also showed good activity against A. niger; neither H4DMLO nor any of its complexes inhibited the growth of either pathogen
ChemInform Abstract: INVESTIGATIONS OF AN ELECTRODEPOSITED TIN‐NICKEL ALLOY. I. THERMAL STABILITY BY DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS AND X‐RAY DIFFRACTION (1976)

Abstract Die gleichatomige (65 Gew.% Sn) Sn‐Ni‐Legierung, die nur durch elektrolytische Abscheidung hergestellt werden kann, ist eine metastabile Phase, während die Gleichgewichtskonfiguration eine Mischung aus den Verbindungen Ni 3 Sn 2 und Ni 3 Sn 4 ist.
Refractory Migraine – A Review (2013)

Refractory migraine has long been a challenge to all headache specialists. This subgroup of migraine patients experience disability and impaired quality of life, despite optimal treatment. This article reviews the proposed definitions and epidemiology of refractory migraine, as well as the pathophysiology that may contribute to the genesis of this disorder. Aspects of treatment, including pharmacological, complementary/adjunct, and invasive approaches, are reviewed. Comorbid factors, medication overuse, potential pitfalls to treatment, and areas for future investigation are highlighted.
Characterization of Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain Encoding NSs of Punta Toro Virus or Sandfly Fever Sicilian Virus (2013)

Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV; genus Phlebovirus, family Bunyaviridae) is a mosquito-borne zoonotic pathogen which can cause hemorrhagic fever, neurological disorders or blindness in humans, and a high rate of abortion in ruminants. MP-12 strain, a live-attenuated candidate vaccine, is attenuated in the M- and L-segments, but the S-segment retains the virulent phenotype. MP-12 was manufactured as an Investigational New Drug vaccine by using MRC-5 cells and encodes a functional NSs gene, the major virulence factor of RVFV which 1) induces a shutoff of the host transcription, 2) inhibits interferon (IFN)-β promoter activation, and 3) promotes the degradation of dsRNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). MP-12 lacks a marker for differentiation of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA). Although MP-12 lacking NSs works for DIVA, it does not replicate efficiently in type-I IFN-competent MRC-5 cells, while the use of type-I IFN-incompetent cells may negatively affect its genetic stability. To generate modified MP-12 vaccine candidates encoding a DIVA marker, while still replicating efficiently in MRC-5 cells, we generated recombinant MP-12 encoding Punta Toro virus Adames strain NSs (rMP12-PTNSs) or Sandfly fever Sicilian virus NSs (rMP12-SFSNSs) in place of MP-12 NSs. We have demonstrated that those recombinant MP-12 viruses inhibit IFN-β mRNA synthesis, yet do not promote the degradation of PKR. The rMP12-PTNSs, but not rMP12-SFSNSs, replicated more efficiently than recombinant MP-12 lacking NSs in MRC-5 cells. Mice vaccinated with rMP12-PTNSs or rMP12-SFSNSs induced neutralizing antibodies at a level equivalent to those vaccinated with MP-12, and were efficiently protected from wild-type RVFV challenge. The rMP12-PTNSs and rMP12-SFSNSs did not induce antibodies cross-reactive to anti-RVFV NSs antibody and are therefore applicable to DIVA. Thus, rMP12-PTNSs is highly efficacious, replicates efficiently in MRC-5 cells, and encodes a DIVA marker, all of which are important for vaccine development for Rift Valley fever.
Phosphorothioate Oligodeoxynucleotides Are Potent Sequence Nonspecific Inhibitors of <i>De Novo</i> Infection by HIV (1989)

Phosphorothioate homo-oligodeoxynucleotides have recently been found to protect ATH-8 cells against the cytopathic effect of de novo infection by HIV. The effect is dose and chain-length dependent, with a maximum effect seen for 21-28-mers. We have now synthesized a series of phosphorothioate oligomers with mixed-based sequences and found that all of them have a dose-dependent cytoprotective effect that is maximal at an oligomer concentration of about 1-2 microM. The least effective sequences contain only A or T, and the most effective sequences have 40% GC content or greater. The results also confirm the length effect, namely that 21-mers are more cytoprotective than 14-mers.
Highly luminescent core–shell InP/ZnX (X = S, Se) quantum dots prepared via a phosphine synthetic route (2016)

Here we report a simple method for the creation of highly luminescent core-shell InP/ZnX (X = S, Se) quantum dots (QDs) on the basis of a phosphine synthetic route. In this method a Zn precursor was added to the reaction mixture at the beginning of the synthesis to form an In(Zn)P alloy structure, which promoted the formation of a ZnX shell. Core-shell InP/ZnX QDs exhibit highly intensive emission with a quantum yield over 50%. The proposed method is primarily important for practical applications. Advantages of this method compared to the widely used SILAR technique are discussed. We further demonstrate that the SILAR approach consisting of consequent addition of Zn and chalcogen precursors to pre-prepared non-doped InP colloidal nanoparticles is not quite suitable for shell growth without the addition of special activator agents or the use of very reactive precursors.
Prefetch scheduling for composite hypermedia (2002)

Composite hypermedia documents are fast becoming ubiquitous in the Web. More Websites are effectively serving hypermedia however with hypertext technology. We explore a novel segment-based background prefetch technique that utilizes the rendering properties of various individual media elements and their interdependencies. The technique can accelerate surfing in composite hypermedia.