gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tree-ring analysis and Quaternary geology: Principles and recent applications (1996)

Variations in annual growth rings can be utilized to assign precise calendar dates to the study of Quaternary geologic or geomorphic events such as earthquakes, mass movements, glaciations and flooding. Living trees may provide the necessary absolute dates of events or minimum ages for surfaces. Crossdating among living trees and with subfossil wood can identify missing rings and extend tree-ring chronologies further back in time. These methods can lead to the accurate dating of tree rings in both living and dead trees that may have been affected by a geomorphic process. The dating of partial to complete ring growth, compression and release, as well as dating externally apparent responses, such as tree scarring or root sprouting, can often lead to the identification of the season and the year an event occurred. Ring-width patterns when compared with control chronologies can reveal the growth anomalies in witness trees that may be related to geomorphic events. Examples of the application of tree rings to Quaternary geology and geomorphology are varied and numerous. Root shearing, topping of trees, and missing rings tie a rupture along the San Andreas fault to the year 1812 A.D. Narrow tree rings linked to defoliation and tephra fallout differentiated distinct eruptions of Mt. St. Helens in 1480 and in 1482 A.D. Ring analysis has helped unravel glacial chronologies, and tree-ring linkages with climate have also verified that late Holocene ice advances in Argentina correlated with intervals of cool, wet summers. In another application, an 1818 A.D. Québec landslide has been tied to the growing season, whereas slides dated to 1834 and 1846 A.D. occurred during the spring.
Effect of PDL on OSNR monitoring technique using polarization-nulling method (2006)

We analyzed the probability of errors in the measured optical signal-to-noise ratios by using the polarization-nulling technique, when the amplified spontaneous emission noise is partially polarized due to the polarization-dependent loss in the transmission link
Chemical oscillations and instabilities. 77. Measurements of critical supersaturation for homogeneous nucleation of bubbles (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical oscillations and instabilities. 77. Measurements of critical supersaturation for homogeneous nucleation of bubblesMordecai B. Rubin and Richard M. NoyesCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 15, 4193–4198Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1987https://doi.org/10.1021/j100299a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views248Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (802 KB) Get e-Alerts
Histochemical detection of the enzyme deficiency in blood films in Wolman's disease (1971)

The clinical diagnosis of Wolman's disease (acid esterase deficiency) can be confirmed by a histochemical staining method using blood films. Acid esterase activity is found normally in lymphocytes, but in Wolman's disease only a very low level of activity can be detected. An intermediate level of activity was demonstrated in heterozygotes. The method may also be applicable in the prenatal detection of the disease.
Surgical anatomy of the orbit. (1984)

Description de l'anatomie chirurgicale de la region sous-orbitaire, de la cloison orbitaire, des retracteurs de la paupiere inferieure, du ligament externe, du muscle corrugateur, du ligament de Lockwood
Spherical macroions in strong fields (1983)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSpherical macroions in strong fieldsMarshall Fixman and S. JagannathanCite this: Macromolecules 1983, 16, 4, 685–699Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1983Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1983https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00238a037https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00238a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views92Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Cas9/sgRNA selective targeting of the P23H Rhodopsin mutant allele for treating retinitis pigmentosa by intravitreal AAV9.PHP.B-based delivery (2017)

P23H is the most common mutation in the RHODOPSIN (RHO) gene leading to a dominant form of retinitis pigmentosa (RP), a rod photoreceptor degeneration that invariably causes vision loss. Specific disruption of the disease P23H RHO mutant while preserving the wild-type (WT) functional allele would be an invaluable therapy for this disease. However, various technologies tested in the past failed to achieve effective changes and consequently therapeutic benefits. We validated a CRISPR/Cas9 strategy to specifically inactivate the P23H RHO mutant, while preserving the WT allele in vitro. We, then, translated this approach in vivo by delivering the CRISPR/Cas9 components in murine Rho+/P23H mutant retinae. Targeted retinae presented a high rate of cleavage in the P23H but not WT Rho allele. This gene manipulation was sufficient to slow photoreceptor degeneration and improve retinal functions. To improve the translational potential of our approach, we tested intravitreal delivery of this system by means of adeno-associated viruses (AAVs). To this purpose, the employment of the AAV9-PHP.B resulted the most effective in disrupting the P23H Rho mutant. Finally, this approach was translated successfully in human cells engineered with the homozygous P23H RHO gene mutation. Overall, this is a significant proof-of-concept that gene allele specific targeting by CRISPR/Cas9 technology is specific and efficient and represents an unprecedented tool for treating RP and more broadly dominant genetic human disorders affecting the eye, as well as other tissues.
Measurement and determinants of the natural history of liver fibrosis in hepatitis C virus infection: a cross sectional and longitudinal study (2003)

Demographic features account for a minority of fibrosis rate variability. The Ishak and METAVIR scoring systems are equivalent. Linearity of fibrosis progression cannot be assessed in biopsies only a few years apart.
Calpain system protein expression in carcinomas of the pancreas, bile duct and ampulla (2012)

The results suggest that calpain-2 and calpastatin expression is important in pancreatic cancers, influencing disease progression. The findings of this study warrant a larger follow-up study.
Studies on the biological effects of ozone: 9. Effects of ozone on human platelets (1999)

During the course of ozonated autohaemotherapy (O3-AHT) using heparin as an anticoagulant, it was occasionally observed that a few clots were retained in the filter during blood reinfusion. This observation prompted an investigation on the effect of ozone (O3) on human platelets. We have now shown, both by biochemical and morphological criteria, that heparin in the presence of O3 can promote platelet aggregation. In contrast, after Ca(2+) chelation with citrate, platelet aggregation is much reduced. The potential role of the transient formation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the presence of Ca2+ with the possible expression of adhesion molecules is briefly discussed.
Joint information- and jamming-beamforming for full duplex secure communication (2014)

In this paper, we design joint information beam-forming and jamming beamforming to guarantee both transmit security and receive security for a full duplex base station (FD-BS). Specifically, we aim to maximize the secret transmit rate while constrain the secret receive rate to be greater than a predefined bound. We convert the original non-convex problem into a new sequence of subproblems where the semidefinite programming (SDP) relaxation can be applied to efficiently find the optimal solutions. We strictly prove that such a relaxation does not change the optimality for these subproblems. Then the global optimal solutions of the original non-convex problem can be obtained via a one-dimensional search. Simulation results are provided to verify the efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Dose-Intensified Compared With Standard Chemotherapy for Nonmetastatic Ewing Sarcoma Family of Tumors: A Children's Oncology Group Study (2009)

Dose escalation of alkylating agents as tested in this trial did not improve the outcome for patients with nonmetastatic ESFT of bone or soft tissue.
Development of Environmentally Benign Formate-Based Drilling and Completion Fluids (1994)

Abstract Laboratory and field experience indicates that simple universal drilling and completion fluids, suitable for all applications, can be built around brines based on the alkali-metal salts of formic acid. The formate brines have been subjected to a thorough hazard identification and assessment procedure prior to introduction into the field. This procedure was based on accepted OECD tests, compatible with EC requirements for asssessing the mammalian toxicological and ecotoxicological properties of new substances. It has been concluded that the alkali-metal salts of formic acid pose little hazard to either users or the environment. As an additional safeguard for the environment a novel recycling process has been developed specifically for use with the formate brines, aimed at minimising product discharge and retaining a valuable non-renewable resource.
Robust Computational Analysis of rRNA Hypervariable Tag Datasets (2010)

Next-generation DNA sequencing is increasingly being utilized to probe microbial communities, such as gastrointestinal microbiomes, where it is important to be able to quantify measures of abundance and diversity. The fragmented nature of the 16S rRNA datasets obtained, coupled with their unprecedented size, has led to the recognition that the results of such analyses are potentially contaminated by a variety of artifacts, both experimental and computational. Here we quantify how multiple alignment and clustering errors contribute to overestimates of abundance and diversity, reflected by incorrect OTU assignment, corrupted phylogenies, inaccurate species diversity estimators, and rank abundance distribution functions. We show that straightforward procedural optimizations, combining preexisting tools, are effective in handling large (10(5)-10(6)) 16S rRNA datasets, and we describe metrics to measure the effectiveness and quality of the estimators obtained. We introduce two metrics to ascertain the quality of clustering of pyrosequenced rRNA data, and show that complete linkage clustering greatly outperforms other widely used methods.
Organocatalytic Asymmetric Transferhydrogenation of β-Nitroacrylates: Accessing β<sup>2</sup>-Amino Acids (2008)

We describe a highly efficient and enantioselective Hantzsch ester mediated conjugate reduction of beta-nitroacrylates that is catalyzed by a Jacobsen thiourea catalyst as a key step in a new route to optically active beta2-amino acids.
Gourds and squashes ( <i>Cucurbita</i> spp.) adapted to megafaunal extinction and ecological anachronism through domestication (2015)

The genus Cucurbita (squashes, pumpkins, gourds) contains numerous domesticated lineages with ancient New World origins. It was broadly distributed in the past but has declined to the point that several of the crops' progenitor species are scarce or unknown in the wild. We hypothesize that Holocene ecological shifts and megafaunal extinctions severely impacted wild Cucurbita, whereas their domestic counterparts adapted to changing conditions via symbiosis with human cultivators. First, we used high-throughput sequencing to analyze complete plastid genomes of 91 total Cucurbita samples, comprising ancient (n = 19), modern wild (n = 30), and modern domestic (n = 42) taxa. This analysis demonstrates independent domestication in eastern North America, evidence of a previously unknown pathway to domestication in northeastern Mexico, and broad archaeological distributions of taxa currently unknown in the wild. Further, sequence similarity between distant wild populations suggests recent fragmentation. Collectively, these results point to wild-type declines coinciding with widespread domestication. Second, we hypothesize that the disappearance of large herbivores struck a critical ecological blow against wild Cucurbita, and we take initial steps to consider this hypothesis through cross-mammal analyses of bitter taste receptor gene repertoires. Directly, megafauna consumed Cucurbita fruits and dispersed their seeds; wild Cucurbita were likely left without mutualistic dispersal partners in the Holocene because they are unpalatable to smaller surviving mammals with more bitter taste receptor genes. Indirectly, megafauna maintained mosaic-like landscapes ideal for Cucurbita, and vegetative changes following the megafaunal extinctions likely crowded out their disturbed-ground niche. Thus, anthropogenic landscapes provided favorable growth habitats and willing dispersal partners in the wake of ecological upheaval.
1.3 µm wavelength, low-threshold strainedquantum well laseron <i>p</i> -type substrate (1994)

The authors fabricated 1.3 µm wavelength strained quantum well lasers on a p-type substrate. Extremely low threshold currents (1.0 mA at 20 °C, 3.5 mA at 80°C) were obtained with the optimised structure. 1 Gbit/s modulation was demonstrated at close to zero bias with an eye opening of 62%.
Contraception: An Antipregnancy Vaccine? (1978)

Researchers are investigating a vaccine to prevent pregnancy. C.A. Shivers at the University of Tennessee has prepared antibody that specifically binds to the zona pellucida (the material surrounding mammalian eggs) of hamster eggs and forms a precipitate on the surface thereby theoretically blocking the access of sperm to the egg. This has been shown effective in the test tube. Other researchers have tested antibody in the hamster rabbit mouse and rat and have found conception prevented. Most studies have used passive immunization (whereby antibodies are produced in some other animal before being injected into the test animal); however active immunization is also possible (i.e. test animals produce the antibody themselves). Before introducing the vaccine for human use researchers are attempting to insure 1st reversibility 2nd assurance that antibodies be directed only against egg antigens and 3rd that the antigen be produced from a species other than human.
Two-phase frequency-conversion type spectrum analyzer for low-frequency noise measurement (1982)

An improved analog spectrum analyzer, which is suitable for noise analysis at very low frequencies, is presented. It is composed of two multipliers, two squarers, a summation circuit, and an integrator. This analyzer has half the value of the statistical error compared with that of the conventional analog analyzer. The design principle, actual circuit, and examples of the measured noise spectra at 0.05-1000 Hz are given. Certain specific measurement errors are also discussed theoretically.
Dynamic Distributed Flow Scheduling with Load Balancing for Data Center Networks (2013)

Current Flow Scheduling techniques in Data Center Networks(DCN) results in overloaded or underutilized links. Static flow scheduling techniques such as ECMP and VLB use hashing techniques for scheduling the flows. In case of hash collision a path gets selected number of times resulting overloading of that path and underutilization of other paths. Dynamic flow scheduling techniques like global first fit employ centralized scheduler and always selects first fittest candidate path for scheduling. Thus in addition to single-point-of-failure the overall link uti- lization also remains a problem as the flows are not scheduled on the best available candidate path. This paper presents firstly a Dynamic Distributed Flow Scheduling(DDFS) mechanism that will lead to fair link utilization in globally used fat-tree topology of DCN. Secondly, it presents a mechanism to restrict the flow scheduling de- cisions to the lower layers thus avoiding saturation of core switches. The entire DCN is simulated using Colored Petri Nets (CPN). The load measured at the aggregate switches for various flow patterns in DCN reveals that the load factors at the aggregate switches vary by at most 0.11 which signifies the fair utilization of links.
Efficient Route to<i>C</i><sub>2</sub>Symmetric Heterocyclic Backbone Modified Cyclic Peptides (2005)

[reaction: see text] A tandem dimerization-macrocyclization approach using 1,3-dipolar azide-alkyne cycloaddition reactions has been employed in the facile and convergent solution phase syntheses of C2 symmetric cyclic peptide scaffolds bearing triazole epsilon2-amino acids as dipeptide surrogates.
De-duping URLs via rewrite rules (2008)

A large fraction of the URLs on the web contain duplicate (or near-duplicate) content. De-duping URLs is an extremely important problem for search engines, since all the principal functions of a search engine, including crawling, indexing, ranking, and presentation, are adversely impacted by the presence of duplicate URLs. Traditionally, the de-duping problem has been addressed by fetching and examining the content of the URL; our approach here is different. Given a set of URLs partitioned into equivalence classes based on the content (URLs in the same equivalence class have similar content), we address the problem of mining this set and learning URL rewrite rules that transform all URLs of an equivalence class to the same canonical form. These rewrite rules can then be applied to eliminate duplicates among URLs that are encountered for the first time during crawling, even without fetching their content.
Pilot embedding for joint channel estimation and data detection in MIMO communication systems (2003)

A novel pilot-aided joint channel estimation and data detection method for MIMO communication systems is proposed. Unlike, conventional methods where pilots are time-multiplexed with data symbols, a pilot-embedding method where low-level pilots are transmitted concurrently with the data is used to obtain an initial estimate of the channel such that a turbo decoding process can be started. The soft information obtained from the turbo decoder is subsequently used to improve channel estimates.
Genetic polymorphism of human plasma apolipoprotein A-IV is due to nucleotide substitutions in the apolipoprotein A-IV gene. (1990)

Genetic polymorphism of human plasma apolipoprotein A-IV has been detected by isoelectric focusing techniques followed by immunoblotting. The molecular basis for this apoA-IV polymorphism has been elucidated. Analysis of the protein coding sequences of the apoA-IV alleles 1 and 2 revealed a single G to T substitution in the apoA-IV-2 allele. The point mutation, occurring in a region highly conserved among the mouse, rat, and human A-IV apolipoproteins, converts the glutamine at position 360 of the mature protein to a histidine. This amino acid substitution adds one positive charge unit to the apoA-IV-1 isoprotein (pI 4.97) thus creating the more basic apoA-IV-2 isoprotein (pI 5.02). Computer analysis of the apoA-IV-2 allele revealed that the single G to T substitution results in the loss of a BbvI and a Fnu4HI restriction enzyme site and in the formation of a new restriction site for the enzyme SfaNI. Protein primary and secondary structure predictions were largely unaffected by this amino acid exchange. These results on the structure of the apoA-IV-1 and apoA-IV-2 alleles suggest that the three other rare isoproteins (apoA-IV-0, apoA-IV-3, and apoA-IV-4) are also due to nucleotide and subsequent amino acid substitutions in the apoA-IV sequence.
Outliers and order statistics (1988)

Outliers are to be found among the extremes of a data set. Extremes are examples of order statistics. It is thus relevant to ask to what extent the statistical methods (and probabilistic properties) of outliers and of order statistics coincide and depend on each other. Whilst clear overlap is identifiable, aims and procedures are often quite distinct and each topic plays its own important role in the panoply of statistical principles and methodology.
Neural networks and wavelet analysis in the computer interpretation of pulse oximetry data (2002)

Pulse oximeters determine the oxygen saturation level of blood by measuring the light absorption of arterial blood. The sensor consists of red and infrared light sources and photodetectors. A method based on neural networks and wavelet analysis is developed for improved saturation estimation in the presence of sensor motion. Spectral and correlation functions of the dual channel oximetry data are used by a backpropagation neural network to characterize the type of motion. Amplitude ratios of red to infrared signals as a function of time scale are obtained from the multiresolution wavelet decomposition of the two-channel data. Motion class and amplitude ratios are then combined to obtain a short-time estimate of the oxygen saturation level. A final estimate of oxygen saturation is obtained by applying a 15 s smoothing filter on the short-time measurements based on 3.5 s windows sampled every 1.75 s. The design employs two backpropagation neural networks. The proposed algorithm is numerically efficient and has stable characteristics with a reduced false alarm rate with a small loss in detection.
135. Studies on the Chemistry of Cheddar Cheese making (1936)

1. Determinations have been made of lactose and lactic acid in whey, curd and curd juice throughout the cheese-making process. 2. The effect of adding salt to curd at various stages of the process on the concentration of lactose and lactic acid in the whey has been investigated. 3. The rate of penetration of salt into curd has been determined, and it has been shown that by the time the cheese is normally hooped but little salt has reached the centre of each curd strip. Within 12 hours after hooping the distribution of salt is substantially uniform. 4. It has been shown that the conversion of lactose to lactic acid by starter bacteria in the cheese vat is almost quantitative. 5. Evidence has been brought forward indicating the presence of bound water in cheese curd. 6. It has been shown that a Donnan equilibrium controls the partition of electrolytes between curd and whey.
ChemInform Abstract: Studies of the Antitumor Activity of (2‐Alkoxyalkyl)‐ and 2‐(Alkoxyalkenyl)phosphocholines. (1987)

Abstract Starting with the diols (I) or the ether (IV), the phosphocholines (III) and (VII) are obtained.