gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Six-Degrees-of-Freedom Cervical Spine Range of Motion During Dynamic Flexion-Extension After Single-Level Anterior Arthrodesis (2013)

C5/C6 arthrodesis does not affect the total range of motion in adjacent vertebral segments, but it does alter the distribution of adjacent-segment motion toward more extension and less flexion superior to the arthrodesis and more posterior translation superior and inferior to the arthrodesis during in vivo functional loading. Range of motion measured from static full-flexion and full-extension images underestimates dynamic range of motion. Clinical evaluation of excessive anterior-posterior translation should take into account the cervical vertebral level.
New Insights into the WalK/WalR (YycG/YycF) Essential Signal Transduction Pathway Reveal a Major Role in Controlling Cell Wall Metabolism and Biofilm Formation in<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> (2007)

The highly conserved WalK/WalR (also known as YycG/YycF) two-component system is specific to low-G+C gram-positive bacteria. While this system is essential for cell viability, both the nature of its regulon and its physiological role have remained mostly uncharacterized. We observed that, unexpectedly, Staphylococcus aureus cell death induced by WalKR depletion was not followed by lysis. We show that WalKR positively controls autolytic activity, in particular that of the two major S. aureus autolysins, AtlA and LytM. By using our previously characterized consensus WalR binding site and carefully reexamining the genome annotations, we identified nine genes potentially belonging to the WalKR regulon that appeared to be involved in S. aureus cell wall degradation. Expression of all of these genes was positively controlled by WalKR levels in the cell, leading to high resistance to Triton X-100-induced lysis when the cells were starved for WalKR. Cells lacking WalKR were also more resistant to lysostaphin-induced lysis, suggesting modifications in cell wall structure. Indeed, lowered levels of WalKR led to a significant decrease in peptidoglycan biosynthesis and turnover and to cell wall modifications, which included increased peptidoglycan cross-linking and glycan chain length. We also demonstrated a direct relationship between WalKR levels and the ability to form biofilms. This is the first example in S. aureus of a regulatory system positively controlling autolysin synthesis and biofilm formation. Taken together, our results now define this signal transduction pathway as a master regulatory system for cell wall metabolism, which we have accordingly renamed WalK/WalR to reflect its true function.
Demosaicing using optimal recovery (2005)

Color images in single-chip digital cameras are obtained by interpolating mosaiced color samples. These samples are encoded in a single-chip charge-coupled device by sampling the light after it passes through a color filter array (CFA) that contains different color filters (i.e., red, green, and blue) placed in some pattern. The resulting sparsely sampled images of the three-color planes are interpolated to obtain the complete color image. Interpolation usually introduces color artifacts due to the phase-shifted, aliased signals introduced by the sparse sampling of the CFAs. This paper introduces a nonlinear interpolation scheme based on edge information that produces high-quality visual results. The new method is especially good at reconstructing the image around edges, a place where the visual human system is most sensitive.
Tree search algorithms for self-adaptive maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (2002)

The problem of implementing self-adaptive equalization algorithms in real-time is addressed. Self-adaptive equalization determines the transmitted sequence without using a training sequence. We focus our attention on the special case of a discrete-time finite-state Markov process in which a sequence of equally likely symbols s/sub k/ drawn from an a discrete and finite alphabet A is input to a channel which introduces intersymbol interference in addition to white Gaussian noise. Simulation results for the self-adaptive tree search procedures based on Fano (1963), stack and M-algorithm are presented.
Beyond re-membering: Phantom sensations of congenitally absent limbs (2000)

Phantom limbs are traditionally conceptualized as the phenomenal persistence of a body part after deafferentation. Previous clinical observations of subjects with phantoms of congenitally absent limbs are not compatible with this view, but, in the absence of experimental work, the neural basis of such "aplasic phantoms" has remained enigmatic. In this paper, we report a series of behavioral, imaging, and neurophysiological experiments with a university-educated woman born without forearms and legs, who experiences vivid phantom sensations of all four limbs. Visuokinesthetic integration of tachistoscopically presented drawings of hands and feet indicated an intact somatic representation of these body parts. Functional magnetic resonance imaging of phantom hand movements showed no activation of primary sensorimotor areas, but of premotor and parietal cortex bilaterally. Movements of the existing upper arms produced activation expanding into the hand territories deprived of afferences and efferences. Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the sensorimotor cortex consistently elicited phantom sensations in the contralateral fingers and hand. In addition, premotor and parietal stimulation evoked similar phantom sensations, albeit in the absence of motor evoked potentials in the stump. These data indicate that body parts that have never been physically developed can be represented in sensory and motor cortical areas. Both genetic and epigenetic factors, such as the habitual observation of other people moving their limbs, may contribute to the conscious experience of aplasic phantoms.
La utopía del mercado total y el poder imperial (2002)

Uno de los ejes principales de los debates teóricos y políticos en torno al Estado contemporáneo es el referido a las transformaciones que en éste ocurren como consecuencia de los actuales procesos de globalización neoliberal. En este texto se argumenta que para abordar estos debates es necesario examinar primero los mitos que sustentan la idea de la sociedad del mercado total, en especial dos mitos centrales en torno a la relación entre Estado y mercado: el mito del desarrollo histórico espontáneo de la sociedad de mercado, cuando no hay interferencias por parte del Estado, y el mito de la disminución del papel del Estado en la sociedad global contemporánea.
A Fidelity Metric for Assessing Visual Quality of Color Images (2007)

Correct assessment of image fidelity is fundamental to the development of efficient image compression schemes especially to that of the schemes taking characteristics of the human visual system into account. In this paper, a fidelity metric for assessing the visual quality of color images is presented. The proposed fidelity metric is designed to measure the perceivable distortion in the quasi-uniform color space of CIELAB. To evaluate the perceptibility of distortion, a color visual model is employed to estimate the visibility threshold of distortion for each color pixel. The visibility threshold of each color is measured as the size of the sphere of just-noticeable color difference and is modeled as a function of chroma, local luminance gradient and background uniformity. Simulation results show that the assessment of the proposed fidelity metric is more correspondent with the subjective assessment than other metrics using PSNR and CIELAB DeltaE.
Time Constrained Verification of Analog Circuits using Model-Checking Algorithms (2006)

In this contribution we present algorithms for model checking of analog circuits enabling the specification of time constraints. Furthermore, a methodology for defining time-based specifications is introduced. An already known method for model checking of integrated analog circuits has been extended to take into account time constraints. The method will be presented using three industrial circuits. The results of model checking will be compared to verification by simulation.
Preferential hydrolysis of cis configuration compounds at the 3,4 position of monobactams by beta-lactamase from Morganella morganii (1991)

Carumonam and BO-1166 (cis configuration) were inactivated by beta-lactamase of Morganella morganii more rapidly than were aztreonam and BO-1165 (trans configuration), as demonstrated by spectrophotometric analysis and microbiological assay. An active enzyme was recovered more rapidly from the inactivated enzyme-monobactam complex derived from the cis form of monobactams than from the complex derived from the trans form of monobactams. This result suggests that the configuration at the 3,4 position on the azetidinone ring of monobactams, together with the chemical structure of the side chains attached to the azetidinone ring, may play an important role in the stability of monobactams to the beta-lactamase of M. morganii.
INSTRUMENTATION (1959)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTINSTRUMENTATIONRalph H. MüllerCite this: Anal. Chem. 1959, 31, 4, 73A–76APublication Date (Print):April 1, 1959Publication History Published online16 May 2012Published inissue 1 April 1959https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50164a770https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50164a770research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views6Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Adsorption of Lead Using Pogamia Pinata Powder as A Low Cost Adsorbent (2018)

The International Scientific Research Organization for Science, Engineering and Technology (ISROSET) is a Non-Profit Organization; The ISROSET is dedicated to improvement in academic sectors of Science (Chemistry, Bio-chemistry, Zoology, Botany, Biotechnology, Pharmaceutical Science, Bioscience, Bioinformatics, Biometrics, Biostatistics, Microbiology, Environmental Management, Medical Science, Forensic Science, Home Science, Library Science, Material Science Military Science, Physical Science, Physical Education Science, Educational Science, Fisheries, seed technology, Agriculture, Forestry Science, Mathematics, Physics, Statistics and Geology/Earth Science), Computer Science, Engineering and Information Technology, Commerce, Management, Economics Sociology and Social Science.
Diet, Muscle Glycogen and Physical Performance (1967)

Abstract The muscle glycogen content of the quadriceps femoris muscle was determined in 9 healthy subjects with the aid of the needle biopsy technique. The glycogen content could be varied in the individual subjects by instituting different diets after exhaustion of the glycogen store by hard exercise. Thus, the glycogen content after a fat ± protein (P) and a carbohydrate‐rich (C) diet varied maximally from 0.6 g/100g muscle to 4.7 g. In all subjects, the glycogen content after the C diet was higher than the normal range for muscle glycogen, determined after the mixed (M) diet. After each diet period, the subjects worked on a bicycle ergometer at a work load corresponding to 75 per cent of their maximal O 2 uptake, to complete exhaustion. The average work time was 59, 126 and 189 min after diets P, M and C, and a good correlation was noted between work time and the initial muscle glycogen content. The total carbohydrate utilization during the work periods (54–798 g) was well correlated to the decrease in glycogen content. It is therefore concluded that the glycogen content of the working muscle is a determinant for the capacity to perform long‐term heavy exercise. Moreover, it has been shown that the glycogen content and, consequently, the long‐term work capacity can be appreciably varied by instituting different diets after glycogen depletion.
Intelligent network services through active flow manipulation (2002)

A significant challenge in today's Internet is the ability to efficiently introduce intelligent network services into commercial high-performance network devices. This paper tackles the challenge by introducing the active flow manipulation (AFM) mechanism, a key enabling technology of the programmable networking platform Openet. AFM enhances the control functionality of network devices through programmability. With AFM, customer network services can exercise intelligent network control by identifying specific flows and applying particular actions thereby altering their behavior in real time. These services are dynamically deployed in the CPU-based control plane and are closely coupled with the silicon-based forwarding plane of the network node, without negatively impacting forwarding performance. The effectiveness of our approach is demonstrated by several experimental applications on a commercial network node.
Nutrient composition of Allanblackia Paviflora seed kernels and oil compared with some plant fats and oils and application of the oil in soap preparation (2013)

The Allanblackia tree is found in parts of West, Central and East Africa and grows primarily in tropical rainforests. The oil from the seeds has been used by local communities but not on a commercial scale. The study was conducted to determine the nutrient composition of Allanblackia paviflora seeds and compare with some plant fats as well as assess the use of the oil in soap preparation. The oil was extracted by a screw press and also by solvent extraction using petroleum ether. The proximate composition showed that the dried seed kernels have a high fat content of 67.59%, low protein and ash contents of 4.27 and 1.98%, respectively. The major minerals in the seeds were potassium and phosphorus. The predominant fatty acids in the extracted oils were stearic acid and oleic acid with contents of about 52 and 45% respectively and the lowest amount was palmitic acid. The extremely high stearic acid content and very low palmitic acid content distinguished Allanblackia oil from palm and palm kernel oils. Sensory evaluation of  soap samples prepared from the oil indicated that the soap had good lathering ability and washing efficiency.   Key words: Allanblackia paviflora, nutrient composition, plant fats and oils, sensory evaluation.
Use of organic sulfones as the extractive distillation solvent for aromatics recovery (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUse of organic sulfones as the extractive distillation solvent for aromatics recoveryFu Ming LeeCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1986, 25, 4, 949–957Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i200035a019https://doi.org/10.1021/i200035a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views302Altmetric-Citations14LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Reactivity ratios and UV spectral characteristics of copolymers of vinyl or isopropenyl derivatives of 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2H-benzotriazoles (1989)

The preparation of polymeric UV stabilizers by copolymerization of polymerizable UV stabilizers like 2-(2-hydroxy-5-vinylphenyl)-2 H -benzotriazole (2H5V) and 2-(2-hydroxy-5-isopropenylphenyl)-2 H -benzotriazole (2H5P) with styrene (S), methyl methacrylate (MMA), and butyl acrylate (BA) was studied. Copolymerization parameters for six pairs of monomers, i.e. 2H5V-S, 2H5V-MMA, 2H5V-BA, 2H5P-S, 2H5P-MMA, and 2H5P-BA and UV spectra of the 2H5P copolymers were determined. The effect of stiffness of the polymer chain on UV spectra of copolymers studied is discussed.
In Search of Manageable Identity Systems (2006)

Efforts to design and successfully deploy network-based identity-management systems have been unsuccessful. One possible new approach is visible when comparing Internet identity protocol designs with systems used in financial services. Keeping the risks in mind, we should embrace systems that help reduce the uncertainty associated with online transactions. Neither the composite nor unitary approach yield a perfectly secure or reliable system, but Internet and Web system designers can learn a lot from the former. Not only has it proven itself in large-scale systems, but it's also more true to the way we think of identity in human terms. Interpersonal interactions involve assessing identity assertions' reliability according to numerous subtle factors, rather than applying a mechanical checklist. Adopting a more composite approach to identity lets us build systems that provide great reliability and flexibility in the inherently complex process of assessing whether we can trust the identities of those we deal with online
Bayesian Neural Networks (1997)

Bayesian techniques have been developed over many years in a range of different fields, but have only recently been applied to the problem of learning in neural networks. As well as providing a consistent framework for statistical pattern recognition, the Bayesian approach offers a number of practical advantages including a solution to the problem of over-fitting. This article provides an introductory overview of the application of Bayesian methods to neural networks. It assumes the reader is familiar with standard feed-forward network models and how to train them using conventional techniques
Interaction of Enzyme with Polymer Matrix in Immobilized Enzymes (1983)

Abstract Thermolysin was immobilized by radiation polymerization of hydroxyalkyl acrylate and tetradecaethylene glycol dimethacrylate monomers at low temperatures in the presence of the enzyme, and the degree of interaction of the enzyme with the polymer matrix was studied by measuring the thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme. The thermal stability was affected by the molecular structure of the monomer; the thermal stability of the immobilized enzyme from hydrophilic monofunctional monomers in the wet state was higher than that from hydrophobic bifunctional monomers. The thermal stability in polymers formed from hydroxy‐alkyl acrylates decreased with an increase in the number of methylene units in the monomer, owing to a change of the state of the enzyme trapped in the porous polymer matrix. The enzyme molecule trapped in a hydrophilic porous polymer matrix appeared to be stabilized by interaction with the polymer chains.
A study of medical device packaging. (1993)

In his article published in the January/February 1993 issue of Medical Device Technology, the author detailed a comprehensive packaging brief for designers of sterile medical device packaging. This article contains an evaluation of the packaging currently used in the industry, which include pouches, soft formings, and rigid blister packs. The study highlights their advantages and disadvantages and also offers some advice for developing a package that performs as designed.
Wet processing and characterization of ZrO2/stainless steel composites: electrical and mechanical perfomance (2001)

Zirconia/stainless steel composites have been prepared by a wet processing method with metal volume concentration ranging from 15% to 30%. The composites were characterized by electrical and mechanical measurements. The dependence of the electrical properties of these composites with the metal concentration presents a percolative behaviour with a metal-insulator transition, in addition to an increment of the capacity in the neighbourhood of a critical volume concentration. This value was found to be f c = 0.285, which is much higher than the theoretical value for randomly dispersed 3D composites (f c = 0.16). It has been found that the incorporation of stainless steel particles to zirconia matrix, increases the toughness and decreases both the hardness and the flexural strength. The enhancement of toughness is attributed to a crack deflection mechanism as a consequence of a weak ZrO2/stainless steel interface.
Illuminating Pedestrians via Simultaneous Detection & Segmentation (2017)

Pedestrian detection is a critical problem in computer vision with significant impact on safety in urban autonomous driving. In this work, we explore how semantic segmentation can be used to boost pedestrian detection accuracy while having little to no impact on network efficiency. We propose a segmentation infusion network to enable joint supervision on semantic segmentation and pedestrian detection. When placed properly, the additional supervision helps guide features in shared layers to become more sophisticated and helpful for the downstream pedestrian detector. Using this approach, we find weakly annotated boxes to be sufficient for considerable performance gains. We provide an in-depth analysis to demonstrate how shared layers are shaped by the segmentation supervision. In doing so, we show that the resulting feature maps become more semantically meaningful and robust to shape and occlusion. Overall, our simultaneous detection and segmentation framework achieves a considerable gain over the state-of-the-art on the Caltech pedestrian dataset, competitive performance on KITTI, and executes 2x faster than competitive methods.
Pressure‐Responsive Polymer Membranes of Slide‐Ring Gels with Movable Cross‐Links (2013)

Polymer membranes comprising slide-ring gels with movable cross-links exhibit a nonlinear pressure-dependence in the fluidic flow rate. The proportional constant between the flow rate and pressure significantly changes at a critical pressure. The slide-ring gels are promising polymer membrane materials, which would allow for the on-off control of fluid permeability using an imposed pressure.