gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A double-acceleration high-voltage electron gun of novel design (1941)

A high-voltage, low-current, cold-cathode electron gun is described. The electrons are generated in a low-voltage cold-cathode tube, and are then accelerated in a relatively high vacuum. A suitable self-contained high-voltage exciter is also briefly described. The design enables all pumps to be kept at ground potential.
Structural and electrical properties of HfLaOx films for an amorphous high-k gate insulator (2006)

Thin HfLaOx films on Si(100) have been investigated as an alternative gate insulator. The introduction of La2O3 into HfO2 causes an increase of crystallization temperature. Furthermore, unlike other Hf-based amorphous materials such as HfSiOx or HfAlOx, the permittivity of HfLaOx keeps a high value (&gt;20). The capacitance-voltage curve of metal oxide semiconductor capacitor using the HfLaOx dielectric film has shown a negligible hysteresis and no frequency dispersion, indicating very small degradations of both interface and bulk properties. In addition, a very low fixed charge density in HfLaOx films is demonstrated from a very small film thickness dependence of the flatband voltage.
A Network of HMG-box Transcription Factors Regulates Sexual Cycle in the Fungus Podospora anserina (2013)

High-mobility group (HMG) B proteins are eukaryotic DNA-binding proteins characterized by the HMG-box functional motif. These transcription factors play a pivotal role in global genomic functions and in the control of genes involved in specific developmental or metabolic pathways. The filamentous ascomycete Podospora anserina contains 12 HMG-box genes. Of these, four have been previously characterized; three are mating-type genes that control fertilization and development of the fruit-body, whereas the last one encodes a factor involved in mitochondrial DNA stability. Systematic deletion analysis of the eight remaining uncharacterized HMG-box genes indicated that none were essential for viability, but that seven were involved in the sexual cycle. Two HMG-box genes display striking features. PaHMG5, an ortholog of SpSte11 from Schizosaccharomyces pombe, is a pivotal activator of mating-type genes in P. anserina, whereas PaHMG9 is a repressor of several phenomena specific to the stationary phase, most notably hyphal anastomoses. Transcriptional analyses of HMG-box genes in HMG-box deletion strains indicated that PaHMG5 is at the hub of a network of several HMG-box factors that regulate mating-type genes and mating-type target genes. Genetic analyses revealed that this network also controls fertility genes that are not regulated by mating-type transcription factors. This study points to the critical role of HMG-box members in sexual reproduction in fungi, as 11 out of 12 members were involved in the sexual cycle in P. anserina. PaHMG5 and SpSte11 are conserved transcriptional regulators of mating-type genes, although P. anserina and S. pombe diverged 550 million years ago. Two HMG-box genes, SOX9 and its upstream regulator SRY, also play an important role in sex determination in mammals. The P. anserina and S. pombe mating-type genes and their upstream regulatory factor form a module of HMG-box genes analogous to the SRY/SOX9 module, revealing a commonality of sex regulation in animals and fungi.
Capture, recognition, and visualization of human semantic interactions in meetings (2010)

Human interaction is one of the most important characteristics of group social dynamics in meetings. In this paper, we propose an approach for capture, recognition, and visualization of human interactions. Unlike physical interactions (e.g., turn-taking and addressing), the human interactions considered here are incorporated with semantics, i.e., user intention or attitude toward a topic. We adopt a collaborative approach for capturing interactions by employing multiple sensors, such as video cameras, microphones, and motion sensors. A multimodal method is proposed for interaction recognition based on a variety of contexts, including head gestures, attention from others, speech tone, speaking time, interaction occasion (spontaneous or reactive), and information about the previous interaction. A support vector machines (SVM) classifier is used to classify human interaction based on these features. A graphical user interface called MMBrowser is presented for interaction visualization. Experimental results have shown the effectiveness of our approach.
Distributed query optimization by one-shot fixed-precision semi-join execution (2002)

A novel semijoin execution strategy is proposed which allows parallelism and processes multiple semijoins simultaneously. In practice most of the parameters needed for query optimization, such as relation cardinality and selectivity, are of fixed-precision. Imposing this fixed-precision constraint, an efficient distributed query processing algorithm is developed. For situations where the fixed-precision constraint does not apply, a method to truncate the parameters and to use the same algorithm to find near-optimal solutions is proposed. By analyzing the truncation errors, a quantitative comparison between the near-optimal solutions and the optimal ones is provided.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis, Self‐Assembled Monolayers and Alkaline Earth Metal Ion Recognition of <i>p‐tert</i>‐Butylcalix[4]arene Derivatives (2004)

Abstract The synthesis and self‐assembled monolayer (SAM) formation of three conformational isomers of p ‐ tert ‐butylcalix[4]crown‐6 derivatives 3a − 3c and one p ‐ tert ‐butylcalix[4]arene derivative ( 3d ) are reported. The SAMs of these compounds were prepared and characterized by electrochemistry, reflection‐absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) and contact‐angle measurements. The recognition properties of these SAMs with metal cations were systematically investigated using electrochemical techniques and impedance spectroscopy. The monolayers exhibit selective binding and sensing abilities with alkaline earth metal cations such as Ca 2+ and Ba 2+ over alkali metal ions. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2004)
Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. IV. Convenient synthesis of 2,2'-anhydro-1-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (2,2'-cyclocytidine) and its derivatives (1972)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTVilsmeier-Haack reaction. IV. Convenient synthesis of 2,2'-anhydro-1-.beta.-D-arabinofuranosyl cytosine (2,2'-cyclocytidine) and its derivativesKiyomi Kikugawa and Motonobu IchinoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1972, 37, 2, 284–288Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1972Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1972https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00967a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00967a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views727Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Recurrent patterns of DNA methylation in the<i>ZNF154,</i><i>CASP8</i>, and<i>VHL</i>promoters across a wide spectrum of human solid epithelial tumors and cancer cell lines (2013)

The study of aberrant DNA methylation in cancer holds the key to the discovery of novel biological markers for diagnostics and can help to delineate important mechanisms of disease. We have identified 12 loci that are differentially methylated in serous ovarian cancers and endometrioid ovarian and endometrial cancers with respect to normal control samples. The strongest signal showed hypermethylation in tumors at a CpG island within the ZNF154 promoter. We show that hypermethylation of this locus is recurrent across solid human epithelial tumor samples for 15 of 16 distinct cancer types from TCGA. Furthermore, ZNF154 hypermethylation is strikingly present across a diverse panel of ENCODE cell lines, but only in those derived from tumor cells. By extending our analysis from the Illumina 27K Infinium platform to the 450K platform, to sequencing of PCR amplicons from bisulfite treated DNA, we demonstrate that hypermethylation extends across the breadth of the ZNF154 CpG island. We have also identified recurrent hypomethylation in two genomic regions associated with CASP8 and VHL. These three genes exhibit significant negative correlation between methylation and gene expression across many cancer types, as well as patterns of DNaseI hypersensitivity and histone marks that reflect different chromatin accessibility in cancer vs. normal cell lines. Our findings emphasize hypermethylation of ZNF154 as a biological marker of relevance for tumor identification. Epigenetic modifications affecting the promoters of ZNF154, CASP8, and VHL are shared across a vast array of tumor types and may therefore be important for understanding the genomic landscape of cancer.
Design of a wavelength multiplexer–demultiplexer by the use of planar microlenses (1994)

The ray-tracing method is applied to design a wavelength multiplexer-demultiplexer by the use of planar microlenses as focusing and collimating elements. By simulating both uniform and Gaussian intensity distributions of the input sources, we find the position of the input-output components of the wavelength multiplexe-rdemultiplexer, which maximizes the coupling efficiency in each channel. Losses are also evaluated.
Comparación entre la Unión Europea y el MERCOSUR desde un enfoque económico-institucional (2003)

Este artículo realiza una comparación entre la Unión Europea y el MERCOSUR en cuanto procesos de integración. Desde el punto de vista analítico se toman tres grupos de variables. En primer lugar la génesis u origen de ambos procesos de integración, en donde se destaca la juventud del MERCOSUR frente a la Unión Europea En segundo término, se analizan: a) los principios guías, b) las etapas de la integración económica, c) los objetivos del proceso, d) los medios e instrumentos que se detallan en los tratados y e) la estructura institucional. Y en tercer lugar se desarrollan variables de tipo políticas y jurídicas, destacando su interrelación con las anteriores. Al respecto, se desarrollan: a) la relación entre integración política y económica, b) la soberanía de los Estados parte, c) la normativa y d) la solución de controversias, en cada uno de estos dos procesos.
Identification of an NF-κB-Dependent Gene Network in Cells Infected by Mammalian Reovirus (2006)

Reovirus infection activates NF-kappaB, which leads to programmed cell death in cultured cells and in the murine central nervous system. However, little is known about how NF-kappaB elicits this cellular response. To identify host genes activated by NF-kappaB following reovirus infection, we used HeLa cells engineered to express a degradation-resistant mutant of IkappaBalpha (mIkappaBalpha) under the control of an inducible promoter. Induction of mIkappaBalpha inhibited the activation of NF-kappaB and blocked the expression of NF-kappaB-responsive genes. RNA extracted from infected and uninfected cells was used in high-density oligonucleotide microarrays to examine the expression of constitutively activated genes and reovirus-stimulated genes in the presence and absence of an intact NF-kappaB signaling axis. Comparison of the microarray profiles revealed that the expression of 176 genes was significantly altered in the presence of mIkappaBalpha. Of these genes, 64 were constitutive and not regulated by reovirus, and 112 were induced in response to reovirus infection. NF-kappaB-regulated genes could be grouped into four distinct gene clusters that were temporally regulated. Gene ontology analysis identified biological processes that were significantly overrepresented in the reovirus-induced genes under NF-kappaB control. These processes include the antiviral innate immune response, cell proliferation, response to DNA damage, and taxis. Comparison with previously identified NF-kappaB-dependent gene networks induced by other stimuli, including respiratory syncytial virus, Epstein-Barr virus, tumor necrosis factor alpha, and heart disease, revealed a number of common components, including CCL5/RANTES, CXCL1/GRO-alpha, TNFAIP3/A20, and interleukin-6. Together, these results suggest a genetic program for reovirus-induced apoptosis involving NF-kappaB-directed expression of cellular genes that activate death signaling pathways in infected cells.
합성 PC부재에 의한 그린 프레임의 철근물량 산출 자동화 알고리즘 (2012)

1980년대 이후 국내 아파트에서 적용되어온 벽식구조는 리모델링 시 많은 문제점을 유발시켜 정부에서는 법적 인센티브를 제공하며 무량판 및 라멘구조를 장려하고 있다. 이에 따라 기존의 골조의 문제점을 개선한 친환경 라멘조인 그린 프레임이 개발되어 구조적 안전성 뿐 아니라 시공성, 친환경성에 대한 검증이 이루어졌다. 그린프레임의 경우 설계단계에서 작성된 프리캐스트 콘크리트(Precast Concrete; PC) 부재 정보를 이용하여 물량 산출 및 철근 가공도(bar bending schedule) 등을 자동으로 작성하면 인력저감 뿐 아니라 철근 손율(loss)을 줄이는 철근조합을 용이하게 수행할 수 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 합성 PC부재에 의해 설계된 그린 프레임의 철근물량 산출 자동화 알고리즘을 개발하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 철근물량 산출 자동화 알고리즘은 구조 설계정보, 시방정보, 합성PC의 철골정보 등을 이용하여 작성한 후 사례현장 적용을 통하여 개발된 알고리즘의 효용성을 증명한다. 개발된 알고리즘에 의해 저장된 정보는 철근가공조립도, 철근 재단 리스트(bar cutting list)작성 자동화 뿐 아니라 철근 손율을 최소화 할 수 있는 최적조합과 주문물량 산출 자동화에도 활용될 것이다. 또한 공사관리인력 저감 뿐 아니라 철근 손율 최소화 관리에 따른 공사 원가절감의 효과를 기대할 수 있다.
Introduction: Between Europe and the Mediterranean: the Challenges and the Fears (2007)

The world after 11 September 2001 in New York and 11 March 2005 in Madrid appears to have been profoundly transformed. A climate of war, tension, menace and fear has progressively insinuated itself into the public consciousness. This atmosphere contrasts singularly with the climate of confidence, peace and hope for a new international order that emerged after the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989. Does this change in the international climate signify a corresponding change of era? What exactly is happening before our very eyes? It is sometimes difficult to understand the world around us.
Furan‐Modified Spherosilicates as Building Blocks for Self‐Healing Materials (2014)

Abstract Octafunctional spherosilicates were used to prepare self‐healing hybrid materials. The hydrosilation of the octakis(hydridodimethylsiloxy)‐substituted spherosilicate with furfuryl allyl ether generates an inorganic nano‐building‐block that is used to formulate various self‐healing hybrid materials based on a reversible Diels–Alder reaction. Curing with a molecular bismaleimide results in a hard, glassy but reversibly cross‐linkable hybrid material. The reversibility of the curing mechanism allows the preparation of films with a heated press, which also opens the possibility to process the materials by injection molding. Substitution of the molecular cross‐linker with an oligomeric poly(dimethylsiloxane) bismaleimide results in an elastomeric material. The kinetics of the Diels–Alder reaction upon cooling after a retro‐Diels–Alder reaction are mainly controlled by the mobility of the cross‐linker within the system.
Therapeutic Anti-Cd3 Monoclonal Antibodies: From Bench to Bedside (2016)

The induction of tolerance is a major goal of immunotherapy. Investigations over the last 20 years have shown that anti-CD3 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) effectively treat autoimmune disease in animal models and have also shown promise in clinical trials. Tolerance induction by anti-CD3 mAbs is related to the induction of Tregs that control pathogenic autoimmune responses. Here, we review preclinical and clinical studies in which intravenous or mucosal administration of anti-CD3 mAbs has been employed and provide an outlook on future developments to enhance the efficacy of this promising therapeutic approach.
Off-target inhibition by active site-targeting SHP2 inhibitors (2018)

Abstract Due to the involvement of SHP2 (SH2 domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase) in human disease, including Noonan syndrome and cancer, several inhibitors targeting SHP2 have been developed. Here, we report that the commonly used SHP2 inhibitor NSC-78788 does not exhibit robust inhibitory effects on growth factor-dependent MAPK (mitogen-activated protein kinase) pathway activation, and that the recently developed active site-targeting SHP2 inhibitors IIB-08, 11a-1, and GS-493 show off-target effects on ligand-evoked activation/trans-phosphorylation of the PDGFRβ (platelet-derived growth factor receptor β). GS-493 also inhibits purified human PDGFRβ and SRC in vitro , whereas PDGFRβ inhibition by IIB-08 and 11a-1 occurs only in the cellular context. Our results argue for extreme caution in inferring specific functions for SHP2 based on studies using these inhibitors.
Saudi Aramco Drives Technological Initiatives for Groundwater Conservation In Oil & Gas Production Facilities (2020)

This paper describes Saudi Aramco's efforts in conserving groundwater in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Driving corporate-wide water conservation initiatives, Saudi Aramco has identified several technologies to pilot test and deploy. One of these initiatives involves the unique idea of treating relatively low salinity produced water, from crude oil desalters at Gas Oil Separation Plants, for use as a wash water stream for crude oil desalting. The concept, known as Desalter Effluent Reuse Technology (DERT), was successfully field-tested and is now being deployed on a commercial scale. The idea of treating & reusing desalter effluent water as desalter wash water and thereby conserving groundwater, was submitted for US patent on September 29, 2017, and assigned a Serial No. 15/719,884 by the US Patent and Trademark office. Saudi Aramco prepared a roadmap to pilot test several Desalter Effluent and produced water-based water conservation technologies, to deploy at GOSPs where seawater is not economically accessible.
A novel load shedding strategy for distribution systems with distributed generations (2014)

Frequency stability is one of the key targets needed when an islanding operation occurring in a distribution system or a microgrid. To balance the generation and demand all the time, load shedding may need to apply to a distribution system or a microgrid which disconnected from the main grid. However, it is difficult to determine the accurate amount of load to be reduced in a real system, as the frequency is changing all the time. In addition to this, economic factors including reliability index and consumers' willingness need to be taken into accounted when making the decision except ensuring system stability. This paper proposes a novel load shedding strategy by considering power stability with economy in load shedding for a distribution system with distributed generations such as CHP, small wind and solar panels. The proposed strategy by classifying load into heavy and light groups is adopted, ranking is based on willingness to pay, frequency threshold and rate of change of frequency (RoCoF). The proposed method is applied to a low voltage distribution 33-bus system and the simulation was carried out with DIgSILENT.
A weaker precondition for loops : (preprint) (1978)

The purpose of this note is to argue that, contrary to Dijkstra's-Unbounded nondeterminism can be a meaningful programming tool, Its usefulness does not require the existence of infinitely nondeterministic hardware, and -Dijkstra's technical difficulties with unbounded nondeterminism lie with the loop axiom, and not with nondeterminism per se.In fact, a small change in his loop axiom will give unbounded nondeterminism.The new axiom is proved correct using constructive logic with bar induction.
Selective dephosphorylation of proteins containing phosphotyrosine by alkaline phosphatases. (1981)

Histones specifically phosphorylated at either tyrosine (phospho-Tyr-histones) or serine and threonine (phospho-Ser-histones) were prepared and tested as substrates for so-called alkaline and protein phosphatases. Three different preparations of alkaline phosphatase (calf intestine, bovine liver, and Escherichia colg dephosphorylated phospho-Tyr-histones at 5-10 times the ratet hey dephosphorylated phospho-ser-histones. It was concluded that the p-nitrophenyl phosphatase and phospho-Tyr phosphatase activities reside in the same protein on the basis of high performance liquid chromatography, sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, inhibition of both activities by Pi and EDTA but not fluoride, and inhibition of phospho-Tyr phosphatase activity by p-nitrophenyl phosphate. Phosphoprotein phosphatase from rabbit muscle, which had little if any p-nitrophenyl phosphatase activity, dephosphorylated phospho-Ser-histones at 16 times the rate it dephosphorylated phospho-Tyrhistones. Thus, the ratio of the pseudo-first order rate constants for dephosphorylation of phospho-Tyr-histones/ phospho-Ser-histones was approximately 100 times higher for alkaline phosphatases compared to the rabbit muscle protein phosphatase. Membrane proteins from A-431 cells (phosphorylated at tyrosine) were more effective substrates than phospho-Tyr-histones as substrates for alkaline phosphatase; this was not the case for protein phosphatase. Phospho-Tyr phosphatase activity of the alkaline phosphatases was optimal in the pH range of 7-8. The so-called alkaline phosphatases, then, may be a group of membrane-bound glycoproteins that represent a class of phosphoprotein phosphatases that show selectivity for proteins phosphorylated at tyrosine residues.
Protective effect of sorbitol and monosodium glutamate during storage of freeze-dried lactic acid bacteria (2003)

The effects of sorbitol and monosodium glutamate upon survival during storage of freeze-dried Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Enterococcus durans and Enterococcus faecalis were examined. There were no significant differences in survival during freeze-drying after addition of sorbitol or monosodium glutamate. However, these compounds were found to increase the stability of most strains during long-term storage. Various survival patterns were observed among the strains considered. However, for most of them, both compounds were proven effective in maintaining high degrees of viability over long periods of storage.