gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Energy Transfer and Guest Responsive Fluorescence Spectra of Polyrotaxane Consisting of <i>α</i>-Cyclodextrins Bearing Naphthyl Moieties (2000)

Abstract We constructed a polyrotaxane (1) composed of about 15 α-cyclodextrins, each bearing roughly two naphthalene units and a polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a threading chain with adamantane groups at both ends. The product was characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and absorption spectroscopies. We observed that photoenergy transfer occurs from the naphthalene units of 1 to 5-dimethylamino-1-naphthalenesulfonyl (dansyl) of dansyl modified β-cyclodextrin (Dnsβ-CD) when Dnsβ-CD forms a complex with each terminal adamantane moiety of the polyrotaxane. This energy transfer was reduced by the addition of adamantanol, which acts as a competitive binder for Dnsβ-CD.
Observation of sputtering at atmospheric pressure (1988)

A radiofrequency discharge, operating in helium at a power level in the range 5–30 W, is found to provide a stable sputtering medium. An initial characterisation of the device as an emission source and as an absorption cell has been made.
Machine learning and image analysis for morphological galaxy classification (2004)

In this paper we present an experimental study of machine learning and image analysis for performing automated morphological galaxy classification. We used a neural network, and a locally weighted regression method, and implemented homogeneous ensembles of classifiers. The ensemble of neural networks was created using the bagging ensemble method, and manipulation of input features was used to create the ensemble of locally weighed regression. The galaxies used were rotated, centred, and cropped, all in a fully automatic manner. In addition, we used principal component analysis to reduce the dimensionality of the data, and to extract relevant information in the images. Preliminary experimental results using 10-fold cross-validation show that the homogeneous ensemble of locally weighted regression produces the best results, with over 91 per cent accuracy when considering three galaxy types (E, S and Irr), and over 95 per cent accuracy for two types (E and S).
Antibodies to the Buried N Terminus of Rhinovirus VP4 Exhibit Cross-Serotypic Neutralization (2009)

Development of a vaccine for the common cold has been thwarted by the fact that there are more than 100 serotypes of human rhinovirus (HRV). We previously demonstrated that the HRV14 capsid is dynamic and transiently displays the buried N termini of viral protein 1 (VP1) and VP4. Here, further evidence for this "breathing" phenomenon is presented, using antibodies to several peptides representing the N terminus of VP4. The antibodies form stable complexes with intact HRV14 virions and neutralize infectivity. Since this region of VP4 is highly conserved among all of the rhinoviruses, antiviral activity by these anti-VP4 antibodies is cross-serotypic. The antibodies inhibit HRV16 infectivity in a temperature- and time-dependent manner consistent with the breathing behavior. Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies raised against the 30-residue peptide do not react with peptides shorter than 24 residues, suggesting that these peptides are adopting three-dimensional conformations that are highly dependent upon the length of the peptide. Furthermore, there is evidence that the N termini of VP4 are interacting with each other upon extrusion from the capsid. A Ser5Cys mutation in VP4 yields an infectious virus that forms cysteine cross-links in VP4 when the virus is incubated at room temperature but not at 4 degrees C. The fact that all of the VP4s are involved in this cross-linking process strongly suggests that VP4 forms specific oligomers upon extrusion. Together these results suggest that it may be possible to develop a pan-serotypic peptide vaccine to HRV, but its design will likely require details about the oligomeric structure of the exposed termini.
Parser adaptation and projection with quasi-synchronous grammar features (2009)

We connect two scenarios in structured learning: adapting a parser trained on one corpus to another annotation style, and projecting syntactic annotations from one language to another. We propose quasi-synchronous grammar (QG) features for these structured learning tasks. That is, we score a aligned pair of source and target trees based on local features of the trees and the alignment. Our quasi-synchronous model assigns positive probability to any alignment of any trees, in contrast to a synchronous grammar, which would insist on some form of structural parallelism.
Localization of the DER/<i>flb</i> protein in embryos: implications on the <i>faint little ball</i> lethal phenotype (1990)

Antibodies were raised against the Drosophila EGF receptor homolog (DER) and used for immunohistochemical analyses of Drosophila embryos. We found that DER is localized in a wide array of embryonic tissues, displaying a dynamic pattern of expression. DER appears to be expressed in all cells at the cellular blastoderm and gastrula stages. In extended-germ-band embryos, it is found predominantly in the mesoderm and the head. Finally, in retracted-germ-band embryos, DER immunoreactivity is most pronounced at sites of somatic muscle attachments and along the ventral midline of the CNS. We have thus observed that DER is expressed in the diverse tissues which are affected in the DER faint little ball (flb) embryonic lethal phenotype. The different pattern and extent of expression in each tissue suggests that the disparate aspects of the flb phenotype may result from different mechanisms of DER function. To understand the basis for the CNS phenotype of DER/flb mutants, we have closely followed the collapse of the CNS in mutant embryos. Our observations on the evolution of the final CNS phenotype, in combination with the temporo-spatial pattern of appearance of DER in the ventral neuroepithelium, suggest that this receptor participates in the second phase of neuron-glia interactions, namely in stabilization of the ladder-like CNS scaffolding formed by outgrowth of pioneer axonal processes along the glial pre-pattern.
Reconfigurable architecture for probabilistic neural network system (2004)

Reconfigurable architecture for the probabilistic neural network (PNN) is proposed and the PNN hardware system is developed using FPGAs. In the system, preprocessing circuits as well as the PNN can be reconfigured adapting each task. Potential performance of the PNN cannot be brought out until the total reconfigurability including the preprocessing is achieved. The developed system shows high recognition accuracy with high processing speed for some image recognition tasks.
Performance surfaces of a single-layer perceptron (1990)

A perceptron learning algorithm may be viewed as a steepest-descent method whereby an instantaneous performance function is iteratively minimized. An appropriate performance function for the most widely used perceptron algorithm is described and it is shown that the update term of the algorithm is the gradient of this function. An example is given of the corresponding performance surface based on Gaussian assumptions and it is shown that there is an infinity of stationary points. The performance surfaces of two related performance functions are examined. Computer simulations that demonstrate the convergence properties of the adaptive algorithms are given.
PPARα Activators Inhibit Cytokine-Induced Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Expression in Human Endothelial Cells (1999)

Human ECs express PPARalpha, a potentially important regulator of atherogenesis through its transcriptional control of VCAM-1 gene expression. Such findings also have implications regarding the clinical use of lipid-lowering agents, like fibric acids, which can activate PPARalpha.
Improving sketch reconstruction accuracy using linear least squares method (2005)

Sketch is a sublinear space data structure that allows one to approximately reconstruct the value associated with any given key in an input data stream. It is the basis for answering a number of fundamental queries on data streams, such as range queries, finding quantiles, frequent items, etc. In the networking context, sketch has been applied to identifying heavy hitters and changes, which is critical for traffic monitoring, accounting, and network anomaly detection.In this paper, we propose a novel approach called lsquare to significantly improve the reconstruction accuracy of the sketch data structure. Given a sketch and a set of keys, we estimate the values associated with these keys by constructing a linear system and finding the optimal solution for the system using linear least squares method. We use a large amount of real Internet traffic data to evaluate lsquare against countmin, the state-of-the-art sketch scheme. Our results suggest that given the same memory requirement, lsquare achieves much better reconstruction accuracy than countmin. Alternatively, given the same reconstruction accuracy, lsquare requires significantly less memory. This clearly demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach.
Miscibility of block copolymers of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) and poly(ethylene glycol) with poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) as well as the compatibilizing effect of these copolymers in blends of poly(ɛ‐caprolactone) and poly(3‐hydroxybutyrate) (2001)

Atactic poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) (a-PHB) and block copolymers of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) with poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL-b-PEG) were synthesized through anionic polymerization and coordination polymerization, respectively. As demonstrated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis (DMTA) measurements, both chemosynthesized a-PHB and biosynthesized isotactic PHB (i-PHB) are miscible with the PEG segment phase of PCL-b-PEGs. However, there is no evidence showing miscibility between both PHBs and the PCL segment phase of the copolymer even though PCL has been block-copolymerized with PEG. Based on these results, PCL-b-PEG was added, as a compatibilizer, to both the PCL/a-PHB blends and the PCL i-PHB blends. The blend films were obtained through the evaporation of chloroform solutions of mixed components. Excitingly, the improvement in mechanical properties of PCL/PHB blends was achieved as anticipated initially upon the addition of PCL-b-PEG. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 80: 2600–2608, 2001
Correlation analysis of <sup>31</sup>P NMR chemical shifts with substituent effects of phenols (1995)

Abstract Over 60 lignin‐related model compounds were phosphitylated with 2‐chloro‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyldioxaphospholane, a sterically hindered analogue of 2‐chloro‐1,3,2‐dioxaphospholane used in earlier work, and their 31 P chemical shifts were recorded. Excellent resolution between the chemical shifts of phosphitylated carboxylic acids, phenols and aliphatic alcohols was obtained. The correlations of the phosphorus chemical shifts with the chemical environments of lignin‐related phenols using the Hammett principles provided an excellent linear relationship between the resonance substituent constant, σ , and the corresponding 31 P NMR chemical shift values for para ‐substituted lignin‐related phenols. In addition, a correlation between 31 P NMR chemical shifts for ortho ‐ and para ‐substituted phosphitylated phenols was obtained. A set of empirical parameters that permits the accurate prediction of 31 P NMR chemical shifts of lignin‐related phenolic compounds derivatized with 2‐chloro‐4,4,5,5‐tetramethyldioxaphospholane was thus obtained.
Tibor Bodrogi,<i>Art in North-East New Guinea</i> (1962)

(1962). Tibor Bodrogi, Art in North-East New Guinea. Art Journal: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 130-132.
Characterizing the RNA targets and position-dependent splicing regulation by TDP-43 (2011)

TDP-43 is a predominantly nuclear RNA-binding protein that forms inclusion bodies in frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). The mRNA targets of TDP-43 in the human brain and its role in RNA processing are largely unknown. Using individual nucleotide-resolution ultraviolet cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (iCLIP), we found that TDP-43 preferentially bound long clusters of UG-rich sequences in vivo. Analysis of RNA binding by TDP-43 in brains from subjects with FTLD revealed that the greatest increases in binding were to the MALAT1 and NEAT1 noncoding RNAs. We also found that binding of TDP-43 to pre-mRNAs influenced alternative splicing in a similar position-dependent manner to Nova proteins. In addition, we identified unusually long clusters of TDP-43 binding at deep intronic positions downstream of silenced exons. A substantial proportion of alternative mRNA isoforms regulated by TDP-43 encode proteins that regulate neuronal development or have been implicated in neurological diseases, highlighting the importance of TDP-43 for the regulation of splicing in the brain.
Role of PACAP in the relationship between cAMP and opioids in hypoxia-induced pial artery vasodilation (1997)

The opioids methionine enkephalin and leucine enkephalin contribute to hypoxic pial artery dilation in the newborn pig, and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) analogs have been shown to elevate cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opioid concentration. The present study was designed to investigate the contribution of cAMP to hypoxic dilation and to determine whether an endogenous activator of adenylate cyclase, pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP), could modulate the cAMP-induced release of opioids to contribute to hypoxic pial dilation in piglets equipped with closed cranial windows. An alpha level of P < 0.05 was considered significant in all statistical tests. Moderate and severe hypoxia (PO2 approximately 35 and 25 mmHg, respectively) induced pial artery dilation that was attenuated by the Rp diastereomer of 8-bromoadenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate (Rp-8-BrcAMPS), a cAMP antagonist (24 +/- 1 and 36 +/- 2% vs. 21 +/- 1 and 30 +/- 1% for moderate hypoxia and 34 +/- 1 and 46 +/- 2% vs. 24 +/- 1 and 32 +/- 1% for severe hypoxia before and after Rp-8-BrcAMPS, respectively). These responses were associated with an increased CSF cAMP (1,046 +/- 25, 1,366 +/- 28, and 1,735 +/- 47 fmol/ml for control, moderate, and severe hypoxia, respectively). Hypoxic pial dilation was also accompanied by an increase in CSF methionine enkephalin (1,101 +/- 62, 3,283 +/- 119, and 3,835 +/- 129 pg/ml for control, moderate, and severe hypoxia, respectively). Hypoxic dilation additionally increased CSF PACAP (1,727 +/- 86, 2,268 +/- 157, and 7,980 +/- 238 pg/ml for control, moderate, and severe hypoxia, respectively). PACAP (10(-8) and 10(-6) M) elicited pial dilation that was associated with increased CSF cAMP and blunted by Rp-8-BrcAMPS. PACAP-induced dilation was also accompanied by increases in the opioid methionine enkephalin (1,059 +/- 23, 1,483 +/- 34, and 2,108 +/- 77 pg/ml for control and 10(-8) and 10(-6) M PACAP, respectively). These data show that cAMP contributes to hypoxic pial artery dilation. Hypoxia increases CSF PACAP, whereas PACAP elevates CSF opioid concentration. These data, therefore, suggest that PACAP modulates cAMP-induced opioid release, thereby contributing to hypoxic pial dilation.
Expression of bFGF and TGF-beta 2 in experimental myopia in chicks. (1995)

These results are consistent with the possibility that bFGF and TGF-beta 2 regulate ocular enlargement or respond to myopiagenic mechanisms in form-deprivation myopia.
Highly penetrant myeloproliferative disease in the Ts65Dn mouse model of Down syndrome (2007)

Children with Down syndrome (DS) display macrocytosis, thrombocytosis, and a 500-fold increased risk of developing megakaryocytic leukemia; however, the specific effects of trisomy 21 on hematopoiesis remain poorly defined. To study this question, we analyzed blood cell development in the Ts65Dn mouse model of DS. Ts65Dn mice are trisomic for 104 orthologs of Hsa21 genes and are the most widely used mouse model for DS. We discovered that Ts65Dn mice display persistent macrocytosis and develop a myeloproliferative disease (MPD) characterized by profound thrombocytosis, megakaryocyte hyperplasia, dysplastic megakaryocyte morphology, and myelofibrosis. In addition, these animals bear distorted hematopoietic stem and myeloid progenitor cell compartments compared with euploid control littermates. Of the 104 trisomic genes in Ts65Dn mice, Aml1/Runx1 attracts considerable attention as a candidate oncogene in DS-acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (DS-AMKL). To determine whether trisomy for Aml1/Runx1 is essential for MPD, we restored disomy at the Aml1/Runx1 locus in the Ts65Dn strain. Surprisingly, trisomy for Aml1/Runx1 is not required for megakaryocyte hyperplasia and myelofibrosis, suggesting that trisomy for one or more of the remaining genes can promote this disease. Our studies demonstrate the potential of DS mouse models to improve our understanding of chromosome 21 gene dosage effects in human hematologic malignancies.
Characteristics of Growth Hormone Isolated from Sturgeon<i>(Acipenser güldenstädti)</i>Pituitaries* (1981)

GH was isolated and characterized from pituitaries of a primitive bony fish, sturgeon (Acipenser güldenstädti). Sturgeon GH was very active in a mammalian GH assay, the rat tibia test. Relative to ovine GH (NIH-GH-S9), sturgeon GH gave a parallel dose-response slope and had a potency of 0.4. Sturgeon GH also showed strong cross-reaction in a snapping turtle GH RIA, comparable to that shown by tetrapod GHs and much greater than that of modern bony fish (teleost) GH. These results, predicted by earlier experiments using pituitary extracts of related species, support the hypothesis that GHs from primitive fish are more closely related to tetrapod GHs than are teleost GHs. Chemical characterization of sturgeon GH, including amino acid terminal residue analyses, amino acid composition, molecular weight determination, and electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gels, indicated that this GH is similar to GHs previously isolated from a teleost and representative species of every tetrapod class. These data provide strong additional evidence that the molecular structure of GH has been highly conserved during evolution. (Endocrinology 108: 377, 1981)
Chronic pain management -can we do better? An interview-based survey in primary care (2003)

Most GPs believe that the management of chronic pain can be improved. Further education of all healthcare professionals who manage patients in pain is needed to bring about such a change.
Effect of Brownian diffusion on electrical classification of ultrafine aerosol particles in differential mobility analyzer. (1986)

Effect of Brownian diffusion on the electrical classification of ultrafine particles in the differential mobility analyzer (DMA) has been studied theoretically and experimentally. Two kinds of particle losses which are undesirable in size analysis, (1) loss caused by the Brownian diffusion of particles traversing the sheath air stream toward the collector rod of the DMA, and (2) loss caused by Brownian diffusive deposition of particles on every wall of the DMA excluding the collector surface, were theoretically evaluated by solving the diffusion equation. Some of the calculation results were confirmed by experiments for particles of various sizes, two different lengths of DMA and various ratios of flow rate of aerosol to sheath air.
TCN 201 selectively blocks GluN2A-containing NMDARs in a GluN1 co-agonist dependent but non-competitive manner (2012)

Antagonists that are sufficiently selective to preferentially block GluN2A-containing N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) over GluN2B-containing NMDARs are few in number. In this study we describe a pharmacological characterization of 3-chloro-4-fluoro-N-[4-[[2-(phenylcarbonyl)hydrazino]carbonyl]benzyl]benzenesulphonamide (TCN 201), a sulphonamide derivative, that was recently identified from a high-throughput screen as a potential GluN2A-selective antagonist. Using two-electrode voltage-clamp (TEVC) recordings of NMDAR currents from Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing either GluN1/GluN2A or GluN1/GluN2B NMDARs we demonstrate the selective antagonism by TCN 201 of GluN2A-containing NMDARs. The degree of inhibition produced by TCN 201 is dependent on the concentration of the GluN1-site co-agonist, glycine (or D-serine), and is independent of the glutamate concentration. This GluN1 agonist-dependency is similar to that observed for a related GluN2A-selective antagonist, N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-2-[{5-[(phenylmethyl)amino]-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl}thio]acetamide (TCN 213). Schild analysis of TCN 201 antagonism indicates that it acts in a non-competitive manner but its equilibrium constant at GluN1/GluN2A NMDARs indicates TCN 201 is around 30-times more potent than TCN 213. In cortical neurones TCN 201 shows only modest antagonism of NMDAR-mediated currents recorded from young (DIV 9-10) neurones where GluN2B expression predominates. In older cultures (DIV 15-18) or in cultures where GluN2A subunits have been over-expressed TCN 201 gives a strong block that is negatively correlated with the degree of block produced by the GluN2B-selective antagonist, ifenprodil. Nevertheless, while TCN 201 is a potent antagonist it must be borne in mind that its ability to block GluN2A-containing NMDARs is dependent on the GluN1-agonist concentration and is limited by its low solubility.
AN ADAPTIVE ALGORITHM FOR DYNAMIC PRIORITY BASED VIRTUAL MACHINE SCHEDULING IN CLOUD (2012)

Cloud computing, a relatively new technology, has been gaining immense popularity over the last few years. The number of cloud users has been growing exponentially and apparently scheduling of virtual machines in the cloud becomes an important issue to analyze. This paper throws light on the various scheduling algorithms present for scheduling virtual machines and also proposes a new algorithm that combines the advantages of all the existing algorithms and overcomes their disadvantages.
A Network of Substrates of the E3 Ubiquitin Ligases MDM2 and HUWE1 Control Apoptosis Independently of p53 (2013)

In the intrinsic pathway of apoptosis, cell-damaging signals promote the release of cytochrome c from mitochondria, triggering activation of the Apaf-1 and caspase-9 apoptosome. The ubiquitin E3 ligase MDM2 decreases the stability of the proapoptotic factor p53. We show that it also coordinated apoptotic events in a p53-independent manner by ubiquitylating the apoptosome activator CAS and the ubiquitin E3 ligase HUWE1. HUWE1 ubiquitylates the antiapoptotic factor Mcl-1, and we found that HUWE1 also ubiquitylated PP5 (protein phosphatase 5), which indirectly inhibited apoptosome activation. Breast cancers that are positive for the tyrosine receptor kinase HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2) tend to be highly aggressive. In HER2-positive breast cancer cells treated with the HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor lapatinib, MDM2 was degraded and HUWE1 was stabilized. In contrast, in breast cancer cells that acquired resistance to lapatinib, the abundance of MDM2 was not decreased and HUWE1 was degraded, which inhibited apoptosis, regardless of p53 status. MDM2 inhibition overcame lapatinib resistance in cells with either wild-type or mutant p53 and in xenograft models. These findings demonstrate broader, p53-independent roles for MDM2 and HUWE1 in apoptosis and specifically suggest the potential for therapy directed against MDM2 to overcome lapatinib resistance.
Role of Polysulfides in Self‐Healing Lithium–Sulfur Batteries (2013)

To overcome the cycling instability and inefficiency that are inherent to lithium–sulfur batteries, a conceptually new approach is adopted based on mitigating the sulfur loss by creating a dynamic equilibrium between the dissolution and precipitation of lithium polysulfides at the electrode interface. Novel lithium polysulfide electrolytes that play a major role in self-healing lithium–sulfur batteries are developed.