gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comprehension-Guided Referring Expressions (2017)

We consider generation and comprehension of natural language referring expression for objects in an image. Unlike generic image captioning which lacks natural standard evaluation criteria, quality of a referring expression may be measured by the receivers ability to correctly infer which object is being described. Following this intuition, we propose two approaches to utilize models trained for comprehension task to generate better expressions. First, we use a comprehension module trained on human-generated expressions, as a critic of referring expression generator. The comprehension module serves as a differentiable proxy of human evaluation, providing training signal to the generation module. Second, we use the comprehension model in a generate-and-rerank pipeline, which chooses from candidate expressions generated by a model according to their performance on the comprehension task. We show that both approaches lead to improved referring expression generation on multiple benchmark datasets.
Neutropenic enterocolitis. Clinical diagnosis and treatment (1992)

Review of the consultation records of the Gastrointestinal Surgical Oncology service at Roswell Park Memorial Institute from 1982 to 1987 revealed 22 patients with a clinical diagnosis of neutropenic enterocolitis. Ninety-one percent of the patients had hematologic malignancies, and 95% were receiving cytotoxic chemotherapy. Sixteen patients were treated nonsurgically; 11 died. Of those 11 cases, autopsies were performed in 9. At autopsy, the clinical diagnosis was confirmed in four cases; four cases were found to have normal intestinal tracts, and one case had a small bowel volvulus. In none of the four cases for which autopsy proved neutropenic enterocolitis was transmural bowel necrosis or perforation found. Laparotomy was performed in six patients; three survived. The clinical diagnosis was verified in four of the six patients. Neutropenic enterocolitis must be considered a diagnosis of exclusion. Care of these patients should be individualized. Nonoperative management with bowel rest, decompression, nutritional support, and broad spectrum antibiotics is recommended initially. Operative intervention is recommended for those with perforation or those whose condition deteriorates clinically during close, frequent observation.
Introducing Predictive Analytics: Opportunities (2007)

Abstract Energy companies' data bases hold the potential for tremendous advantage. Moreover, they are growing exponentially, fed by a mounting array of sources including ERP systems, sensory networks, machine instrumentation, credit card transactions, loyalty programs, and increasing multi-media and other unstructured data. Yet analyzing and extracting value from large datasets has always been a problem due to the sheer volume of data and consequent "signal to noise" problems. To unlock some of this value, BP have launched a "predictive analytics" initiative, investigating pattern recognition techniques that find correlations and relationships in large datasets. This form of analysis is not new, but pilots in previous years have not resulted in significant implementation. However, recent advances in computing power coupled with more sophisticated applications, easy-to-use interfaces and easier access to data, have made predictive analytics a more valuable, practical tool for wide scale corporate adoption. And now, with more data available from sensor enabled applications, predictive analytics presents an opportunity to make all aspects of our field operations more efficient and effective. A particular distinction of these techniques is that the models used are data-driven, and do not rely on a fundamental understanding of the first principles involved. This means that predictive analytics can be particularly useful where the underlying scientific principles are complex and difficult to model precisely. Data driven models can be created with reduced effort and often without the need for in-depth skills used to create models from first principles. To take advantage of these techniques, the Digital & Communications Chief Technology Office (CTO) has been leading a program to introduce predictive analytics across all business segments and operations in BP. In so doing, we have been working closely with our segment specific technology teams, FIELD OF THE FUTURE, Refining Technology and our Exploration and Production Digital & Communications Technology teams. Having established connections with over 50 "predictive analytics" vendors, CTO is working with business units and functions and have completed a number of proof of concept (POC) trials utilizing a variety of innovative vendor solutions This paper describes a number of these POCs and presents the value proposition for data driven predictive analytics.
Target searching method in the chaotic UAV (2005)

In this paper, we propose a method to target searching method that have unstable limit cycles in a chaos trajectory surface. We assume all targets in the chaos trajectory surface have a Van der Pol equation with an unstable limit cycle. When a chaos UAV meet the target on trajectories of the Arnold equation, Chua's equation, the target absorbs the UAV. We also show computer simulation results of Arnold equation, Chua's equation trajectories with one or more Van der Pol as targets. We proposed and verified the results of the method to make the embedding chaotic UAV to search target, with the chaotic trajectory in any plane. It searched the target, when it meets or closes to the target.
Nitrogen-mediated fabrication of transition metal-carbon nanotube hybrid materials (2007)

The authors report the simple and easy method to fabricate transition-metal–carbon nanotube hybrid materials through nitrogen mediation. Ni nanoparticles were uniformly dispersed on carbon nanotubes without any pretreatment such as defect activation by strong acids or covalent functionalization processes. A theoretical study of the nitrogen-mediated mechanism using first-principles density functional theory calculations is also presented. The first-principles calculations reveal that pyridinelike nitrogen in carbon nanotubes significantly enhances the binding energy of Ni interacting with carbon nanotubes.
Measuring the latency of cloud gaming systems (2011)

Cloud gaming, i.e., real-time game playing via thin clients, relieves players from the need to constantly upgrade their computers and deal with compatibility issues when playing games. As a result, cloud gaming is generating a great deal of interest among entrepreneurs and the public. However, given the large design space, it is not yet known which platforms deliver the best quality of service and which design elements constitute a good cloud gaming system.
Bragg reflectors for cylindrical waves (1999)

Abstract A transfer matrix method is developed to calculate the electromagnetic field in a dielectric structure with circular cylindrical symmetry. The equations for the reflection and transmission coefficients of cylindrical waves from a single cylindrical boundary between two dielectrics and from a cylindrical multilayered structure are obtained. For a single dielectric interface, enhanced reflection at small interface radii and the analogue of the Brewster effect are predicted and investigated. The design of an optimized cylindrical Bragg reflector (CBR) for cylindrical waves is proposed and its optical properties are studied. It is found that the thicknesses of the layers in the CBR must be different, to provide the adjustment of the phase of the waves, that are reflected from the interfaces at different radii.
Effect of Plasmonic Au Nanoparticles on Inverted Organic Solar Cell Performance (2012)

We studied the competition between energy loss due to quenching and enhanced absorption arising from the near-field plasmonic effect of Au nanoparticles (NPs) on the performance of organic solar cells (OSCs), by fabricating inverted architecture OSCs with electron transport layers consisting of an Au NPs monolayer covered by a ZnO overlayer. The distance between Au NPs and a poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) active layer was controlled by systematically varying the ZnO overlayer thickness, and its effect on the absorption spectra, photoluminescence (PL) dynamics, and OSC performance of these films is examined. We found that when P3HT:PCBM is in direct contact with the Au NPs, PL intensity was reduced and the OSC device was shunted with lower values in photocurrent, open circuit voltage, and fill factor. With a thin (8 nm) ZnO overlayer, higher absorption and PL signal were observed, and some OSC device parameters improved, but the short circuit current density remained low. ZnO overlayer thickness greater than 30 nm negated any impact of the AuNPs on the absorption of the active layer. A small (∼5%) efficiency enhancement was achieved in the 16 nm ZnO overlayer devices; however, this improvement resulted from increased fill factor rather than photocurrent. Optical field simulation using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method showed that redistribution of the optical field by Au NPs resulted in a 0.6% absorption reduction over the entire P3HT:PCBM active layer.
폐경기 골감소증 여성에서 저용량 에스트로겐 요법과 Fluocalcic Effervescent 병합치료 후 골밀도 및 골대사 지표의 변화 (2008)

연구목적: 골감소증의 치료 목적으로 흔히 사용되고 있는 에스트로겐과 불소를 병용 복용한 여성을 대상으로 병용치료가 골밀도 및 생화학적 표지자의 변화에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 하였다. 연구재료 및 방법: 2003년 9월부터 2005년 4월까지 산부인과를 방문한 양성 질환으로 인한 수술적 폐경기 골감소증 환자 200명을 4치료군으로 나누어, 12개월간 I군에서는 1일 CEE 0.3 mg (프레마린 0.3, 와이어스) 단독 경구투여, II군에서는 CEE 0.625 mg (프레마린 0.625, 와이어스) 단독 경구투여, III군에서는 CEE 0.3 mg와 플루오칼식 경구투여, IV군에서는 CEE 0.625 mg와 플루오칼식을 경구 투여하였다. 치료 전후 골밀도 및 혈중 osteocalcin, total alkaline phosphatase, 뇨중 deoxypyridinoline을 측정하였다. 결 과: 척추골밀도는 III, IV군에서 12개월 치료 후 기저치에 비해 통계학적으로 유의하게 증가하였다 (P＜0.05). 치료군 간의 비교에서 제 III, IV군에서 제I, II군에 비해 척추골밀도가 유의하게 증가하였다 (P＜0.05). 뇨중 deoxypyridinoline는 III, IV군에서 12개월 치료 후 기저 치에 비해 유의하게 감소하였다 (P＜0.05). 그러나 각 군 간의 차이는 없었다. 반면 대퇴골 경부 골밀도, 혈청osteocalcin, 혈중 total alkaline phosphatase 검사에서는 각 군 모두 6개월, 12개월 치료 후 기저치에 비해 통계학적 유의한 변화가 없었고, 각 군 간의 차이도 없었다. 결 론: 골감소증 치료에 플루오칼식과 함께 저 용량이나 고용량 여성호르몬과 동시에 사용하는 것이 여성호르몬 단독으로 사용한 경우보다 더욱 골 흡수를 감소를 나타내었다. 따라서 폐경 후 골감소증의 치료에 여성호르몬과 플루오칼식을 동시에 사용하는 것이 여성호르몬을 단독으로 투여하는 것보다 치료의 효과를 더 높일 수 있어 효과적일 것으로 생각된다.
Microbial proteases: Detection, production, and genetic improvement (2011)

Microbial proteases are one of the important groups of industrially and commercially produced enzymes contributing approximately 2/3 of all enzyme sales. Though proteases are produced by many microorganisms, emphasis is on the microorganisms producing proteases with desired characters. As demand for novel proteases is increasing day by day the initial screening methods and assays for protease detection are of utmost importance. This review focuses attention on present status of knowledge on the various methods and protocols available for protease screening, detection, and quantification starting from plate assays to spectrophotometric, fluorometric, and nanoparticles based assays. The review will help in making strategies for exploitation of protease resources and improvement of enzymes to obtain more robust proteases.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Evaluation of Some Novel 2-Arylamino-4-phenyl-thiazolyl Derivatives (2010)

A series of 2-aminothiazoles derivatives have been synthesized and tested for in vitro antibacterial activity on different microorganisms. Syntheses have been carried out following simple methodology in excellent isolated yields. The structure and purity of the original compounds were confirmed by IR, NMR, Mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. All compounds were tested for antibacterial activity against S. aureus, S. pyogenes, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. typhi and V. parahaemolyticus. These preliminary results indicate that some of compounds are exhibiting good activity.
Imaging systems for low energy γ-ray astronomy. (1984)

The exploration of the low energy (0.1–10 MeV) γ-ray sky has lagged behind investigations in other regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. The underlying reasons are related to the technical difficulties associated with the detection of such penetrating photons and their association with nuclear activity, attributes which must ultimately make the use of the low energy γ-ray window fundamental to the understanding of cosmic dynamics. The paper examines recent low energy γ-ray astronomical measurements in terms of potential γ-ray imaging studies and concludes that a wide variety of interesting information will be gained during an era in which fine angular imaging γ-ray astronomical observations are possible. The second half of this review compares a number of techniques by which astronomical γ-ray imaging telescopes can be fabricated. In particular, the recent development of position sensitive γ-ray detection planes, operated in conjunction with a suitable coded aperture mask, have made feasible γ-ray telescopes which are capable of generating 0.1 to 10 MeV images of the sky to a precision of better than 1 arc min.
Educacion corporal en Australia: 1870-1910 (2011)

Reading through the keys texts on the history of education in Australia one would easily be persuaded to the absence of any form of formal physical education in schools. Drills and even the cadet movement receive scarcely a mention in key texts covering the period such as Barcan’s various histories of education in NSW and Australia (Barcan 1980, 1988), in Smith and Spaull’s (1925) History of Education in NSW and Theobold and Selleck’s (1990) collection Family School and State in Australian History. In one sense these point to what has always been obvious to physical educators, that academic and vocational concerns preoccupy those involved in educational reform and those documenting it. The absence of such references, however, ignores the place that corporeal education had in managing children in schools, the preoccupations with military preparedness and cadet training that were a feature of the period covered in this chapter, and the regular references to drill and health in departmental communications such as the Inspectors’ Reports in the various State Education Gazettes. It also ignores the close relationship between State Departments of Public Instruction and the voluntary teacher led sporting organizations that organised sport for thousands of children in government funded elementary schools and lobbied successfully for compulsory swimming lessons in these schools. On the other hand, the place of sport and games in elite private schools, particularly boys’ schools warrants considerable mention in the histories of these schools, and there is a substantial literature on the place of games in building particular kinds of citizens for the British Empire and the developing nations of the Empire (e.g. Mangan).
Using a lookahead window in a compaction-based parallelizing compiler (1991)

Lookahead is a common technique for high performance uniprocessor design. In general, however, hardware lookahead window is too small to exploit instruction-level parallelism at run time, while compaction-based parallelizing compilers must suffer from worst-case exponential code explosion at compile time. In this paper, we propose a software lookahead method, which allows inter-basic block code motions within the prespecified number of operations, called software lookahead window , on any path emanating from the currently processed instruction at compile time. By software lookahead, instruction-level parallelism can be exploited in a much greater code area than the hardware approach, but the lookahead region is still limited to a constant depth with a user-specifiable window, and thus code explosion is restricted. The proposed scheme has been implemented in our prototype parallelizing compiler, which can generate code for uniprocessors with multiple functional units and multiway conditional branches, such as VLIW machines, and potentially for superscalars as well. To study code explosion problem and instruction-level parallelism for branch intensive code, we compiled five AIX utilities: sort, fgrep, sed, yacc, and compress. It is demonstrated that, with software lookahead, code explosion problem is effectively alleviated, yet a substantial amount of inter-basic block parallelism is successfully extracted.
Experimental on the liquid cooling system with thermoelectric for personal computer (2012)

In the present experimental investigation, the liquid cooling in the micro channel fin heat sink with and without thermoelectric for central processor unit (CPU) of personal computer. The micro channel heat sinks with two different channel height are fabricated from the aluminum with the length, the width and the base thickness of 28, 40, 2 mm respectively. The de-ionized water is used as coolant. Effects of channel height, coolant flow rate, and run condition of PC on the CPU temperature are considered. The liquid cooling in micro-rectangular fin heat sink with thermoelectric is compared with the other cooling techniques. The thermoelectric has a significant effect on the CPU cooling of PC. The experiments are performed at no load and full load conditions within 60 min after steady state, which the mass flow rate are 0.023, 0.017 and 0.01 kg/s. The results heat transfer rate increase with increasing coolant flow rate and higher channel. When comparing with the other cooling system, cooling system with thermoelectric gives the highest efficiency. However, thermoelectric has the high or low heat transfer rate from heat rejected and cooling capacity conditions.
Role of electron-donating/withdrawing character, pH, and stoichiometry on the chemiluminescent reaction of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) with amino acids (1992)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of electron-donating/withdrawing character, pH, and stoichiometry on the chemiluminescent reaction of tris(2,2'-bipyridyl)ruthenium(III) with amino acidsStephen N. Brune and Donald R. BobbittCite this: Anal. Chem. 1992, 64, 2, 166–170Publication Date (Print):January 15, 1992Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 15 January 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac00026a014https://doi.org/10.1021/ac00026a014research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views793Altmetric-Citations161LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ST elevation myocardial infarction and renal impairment. Does it matter how we reperfuse? (2007)

The treatment of patients with ST elevation acute myocardial infarction (STEAMI) and renal failure (RF) represents one of the most challenging problems with which the cardiologists are faced. It has been well established that patients suffering of acute coronary syndromes with concomitant renal failure have a worse outcome as compared with those with normal renal function. Leading causes for this adverse outcome are excess comorbidities in patients with renal failure, lesser use of beneficial therapies and the unique pathophysiology involved in the diseased kidney. The entire setup of abnormalities in coagulation, fibrinolysis, platelet aggregation, lipids metabolism, endothelial function and a high inflammatory state, is responsible for the increased risk of restenosis, recurrent myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, and cardiovascular death among cardiac patients with impaired renal function. The results provided by the very small number of studies in literature evaluating methods of reperfusion in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction and impaired renal function are very sparse, and a prospective trial to solve this therapeutic dilemma that clinicians are faced with, at the bedside of patients with STEAMI and RF is needed.
An Analysis of the Morbidity and Mortality of Short-Bowel Syndrome in the Pediatric Age Group (1999)

Twenty-two children with short-bowel syndrome (SBS) were treated at the C. S. Mott Children's Hospital in the University of Michigan Medical Center between June 1983 and May 1993. Definition of SBS was loss of 70% or more of the total small bowel. Seventeen of these children are currently alive, a 77% survival rate. Patients were followed for a mean of 1,148 days. The mean age of SBS development was 71 days of life. The only predictive indicator of patient survival was direct bilirubin levels. Sixty-seven percent of the children died if they had a direct bilirubin of > 4 mg/dl > or = 6 months duration.
Collecting Detection Diversity and Complexity Gains in Cooperative Spectrum Sensing (2012)

In cognitive radio (CR) networks, multi-CR cooperation is required during spectrum sensing in order to cope with wireless fading effects and the hidden terminal problem. User cooperation offers not only channel diversity gain against fading, but also complexity gain in terms of reduced sampling costs per CR. The latter is particularly useful when the monitored spectrum has very wide bandwidth and yet individual CRs only have limited hardware capability. To jointly collect both diversity gain and complexity gain, this paper develops a novel cooperative spectrum sensing technique based on matrix rank minimization. Subject to sampling-rate limitations, CRs individually collect digital measurements from a segment of the wide spectrum via coordinated selective filtering, with optional compressive sampling to further reduce the sampling rates. The solutions representing the measurements of all users are modeled to possess a low-rank property, and the rank order is the same as the size of the nonzero support of the monitored wide spectrum. Accordingly, a nuclear norm minimization problem is formulated to jointly identify the nonzero support and hence the overall wideband spectrum occupancy. Both tradeoff evaluation and simulation results corroborate that the proposed cooperative sensing technique outperforms traditional averaging-based cooperative schemes given the same sampling costs, because the low-rank property enables efficient utilization and tradeoff of the user diversity in the absence of any channel knowledge.
Challenges for Cost-Effective Microalgae Anaerobic Digestion (2013)

1. Microalgae photosynthesis allows biological CO2 fixation, which is expected to mitigate atmospheric CO2 increase (Amin 2009; Brennan & Owende 2010; Mutanda et al. 2011). 2. Microalgae are 10 – 50 times more efficient than plants in terms of CO2 fixation (Wang et al. 2008). Thus, microalgae can fix 1.83 tonnes of CO2 per 1 tonne of produced microalgae (Chisti 2007). 3. Microalgae can be produced on non-arable areas such as lakes, oceans or deserts, thus reducing competition with food production (Mussgnug et al. 2010; Stephens et al. 2010). This advantage is a key factor when energy supply is considered in desert zones near oceans. 4. Some microalgae can grow under saline conditions, which strengthen the use of micro‐ algae as feedstock for biofuel production in desert zones near the ocean when freshwater supply is not feasible.