gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy and the Epidemic of HIV+ End-Stage Renal Disease (2005)

The rise in the number of patients with HIV-associated nephropathy and HIV-infection with end-stage renal disease (HIV+ ESRD) continues to be a substantial concern for the ESRD program. In order to assess the impact of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) on the progression of patients with AIDS to the development of ESRD and to project the prevalence of HIV+ ESRD through 2020, a mathematical model of the dynamics of HIV+ infection in the ESRD population was developed. Epidemiologic data on AIDS and HIV+ ESRD among black individuals in the United States were obtained since 1991 from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and US Renal Data System, respectively. The model was constructed to predict the prevalence of HIV+ ESRD incorporating the current rate of growth in AIDS prevalence. Two possible trends were considered: linear AIDS growth and exponential AIDS growth. The likely effectiveness of HAART in slowing progression to HIV+ ESRD was estimated from the best fit of the model to the data after 1995, when HAART was introduced. The model was then used to evaluate recent data and to project the prevalence of HIV+ ESRD through 2020. The model suggested that HAART has reduced the rate of progression from AIDS to HIV+ ESRD by 38%. The model projected an increase in HIV+ ESRD prevalence in the future as a result of the increase in the AIDS population among black individuals. This increase was predicted even assuming a 95% reduction in the progression from AIDS to HIV+ ESRD. Despite the potential benefit of HAART, the prevalence of HIV+ ESRD in the United States is expected to rise in the future as a result of the expansion of the AIDS population among black individuals. It is concluded that prevention of progression to ESRD should focus on early antiretroviral treatment of HIV-infected patients who have evidence of HIV-associated nephropathy.
Mycotoxins produced from fungi isolated from foodstuffs and soil: comparison of toxicity in fibroblasts and rat feeding tests (1984)

Thirty-nine isolates of fungi obtained from foodstuffs and soil samples from various parts of the world have been identified. The isolates were grown on a solid rice medium, and extracts were prepared with 50% aqueous methanol. The extracts were examined for toxicity in the following systems: (i) cytotoxicity to cultured normal human diploid skin fibroblasts (proliferating and nonproliferating) and mouse fibroblasts; (ii) skin toxicity after topical application on rats; and (iii) rat feeding tests in which rats were examined for death, overt pathological effects including congestion and hemorrhage of tissues, weight loss, food refusal, and uterine growth. Sixteen culture extracts were highly toxic as indicated by death, congestion and hemorrhage of tissues, and net weight loss. One half of the isolates were highly cytotoxic (50% lethal concentration, 0.01 to 5 micrograms/ml) as indicated by the ability to cause death and disintegration of 3T3 Swiss mouse fibroblasts and human diploid skin fibroblasts during 3 to 4 days in culture. The remainder were moderately cytotoxic (50% lethal concentration, 5 to 250 micrograms/ml). Four culture extracts were highly toxic by some clinical criteria but did not cause congestion and hemorrhage of tissues and were weakly cytotoxic (50% lethal concentration, 250 to 5,000 micrograms/ml). Six culture extracts exhibited moderate toxicity (weight loss only) and low cytotoxicity (50% lethal concentration, 3,000 to 50,000 micrograms/ml). Four culture extracts caused uterine enlargement as the major clinical sign, suggesting the presence of zearalenone. Eleven culture extracts were weakly cytotoxic and caused no major clinical signs, except skin toxicity in two extracts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mahtab at SemEval-2017 Task 2: Combination of Corpus-based and Knowledge-based Methods to Measure Semantic Word Similarity (2017)

In this paper, we describe our proposed method for measuring semantic similarity for a given pair of words at SemEval-2017 monolingual semantic word similarity task. We use a combination of knowledge-based and corpus-based techniques. We use FarsNet, the Persian Word-Net, besides deep learning techniques to extract the similarity of words. We evaluated our proposed approach on Persian (Farsi) test data at SemEval-2017. It outperformed the other participants and ranked the first in the challenge.
Update on Word Processing (1988)

Word processing is still one of the most frequently used office computing applications. Increasingly, it also serves as the entry point for nontechnical users into so phisticated office automation (OA) environments. Users branch out of word processing (WP) to use electronic mail or merge extracts from data bases and spreadsheets into their text. This evolution is shifting the focus of systems selection from hardware and software to connectivity issues the integration of diverse systems, the achievement of editable document exchange, and the balancing of corporate strategic objectives with end-user needs and preferences. This column explores current word processing options in light of users' new priorities.
Strategy purification and thresholding: effective non-equilibrium approaches for playing large games (2012)

There has been significant recent interest in computing effective strategies for playing large imperfect-information games. Much prior work involves computing an approximate equilibrium strategy in a smaller abstract game, then playing this strategy in the full game (with the hope that it also well approximates an equilibrium in the full game). In this paper, we present a family of modifications to this approach that work by constructing non-equilibrium strategies in the abstract game, which are then played in the full game. Our new procedures, called purification and thresholding, modify the action probabilities of an abstract equilibrium by preferring the higher-probability actions. Using a variety of domains, we show that these approaches lead to significantly stronger play than the standard equilibrium approach. As one example, our program that uses purification came in first place in the two-player no-limit Texas Hold'em total bankroll division of the 2010 Annual Computer Poker Competition. Surprisingly, we also show that purification significantly improves performance (against the full equilibrium strategy) in random 4 x 4 matrix games using random 3 x 3 abstractions. We present several additional results (both theoretical and empirical). Overall, one can view these approaches as ways of achieving robustness against overfitting one's strategy to one's lossy abstraction. Perhaps surprisingly, the performance gains do not necessarily come at the expense of worst-case exploitability.
Tricubic interpolation in three dimensions (2005)

The purpose of this paper is to give a local tricubic interpolation scheme in three dimensions that is both C1 and isotropic. The algorithm is based on a specific 64 × 64 matrix that gives the relationship between the derivatives at the corners of the elements and the coefficients of the tricubic interpolant for this element. In contrast with global interpolation where the interpolated function usually depends on the whole data set, our tricubic local interpolation only uses data in a neighbourhood of an element. We show that the resulting interpolated function and its three first derivatives are continuous if one uses cubic interpolants. The implementation of the interpolator can be downloaded as a static and dynamic library for most platforms. The major difference between this work and current local interpolation schemes is that we do not separate the problem into three one-dimensional problems. This allows for a much easier and accurate computation of higher derivatives of the extrapolated field. Applications to the computation of Lagrangian coherent structures in ocean data are briefly discussed. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Studies of Eucalypt Mycorrhizas. I. A Method of Mycorrhiza Induction in <i>Eucalyptus gummifera</i> (Gaertn. & Hochr.) By <i>Pisolithus tinctorius</i> (Pers.) Coker & Couch (1976)

A simple method of producing mycorrhizas is described which enables mycorrhizal plants to be used in a wide range of experiments including controlled nutritional studies of Eucalyptus. Plants are grown in a Leonard jar apparatus under either sterile or non-sterile conditions, on soil or pure crushed quartz with nutrient solution media. On the sterile quartz media, inoculation with the crushed fruiting body of Pisolithus tinctorius induced more than 70% of tested Eucalyptus gummifera seedlings to form mustard yellow mycorrhizas when the phosphorus concentration was optimal, but the formation of mycorrhizas was dependent on the phosphorus concentration. No mycorrhizas were formed when phosphorus exceeded 5 ppm. On non-sterile, nutritionally poor Hawkesbury sandstone soils 92% of inoculated plants were infected. Only a few of the non-inoculated plants in either medium were lightly infected. A simple but reliable method for inducing mycorrhizas is proposed.
Phylogenetic Relationships and Systematics of the Nimravidae (Carnivora) (1991)

Reevaluation of the morphology of the crania, dentitions, and postcrania of the Eocene to Oligocene nimravines and Miocene barbourofelines confirms recent suggestions that each group is monophyletic. These two groups of catlike carnivorans possess synapomorphies in the cranium, mandible, dentition, and postcranium, and are referred to the Nimravidae. Diagnoses for the family and its two constituent subfamilies are emended. Cladistic analysis of the major clades within the Carnivora based on 40 characters taken mostly from the skeleton indicates that a sister-group relationship between the Nimravidae and the Aeluroidea has the greatest support. Nonetheless, evidence also exists for a close relationship between nimravines and caniforms, and for the view that nimravids are not most closely related to either of the major extant carnivoran clades. Relationships among many of the major carnivoran clades are supported by few well-corroborated characters. Many characters of potential importance for the resolution of carnivore relationships require more intensive study through character analysis.
The Use of the <i>n</i>-Propylammonium and <i>n</i>-Butylammonium Saltsof <i>d</i>-10-Camphorsulfonic Acid for the Calibration of Spectropolarimeters: Circular Dichrometer Calibration (1975)

Two, easily prepared, nondeliquescent salts of d-10-camphorsulfonic acid have been used to improve the precision of the calibration of circular dichrometers.
Exposure to Bacterial DNA Before Hemorrhagic Shock Strongly Aggravates Systemic Inflammation and Gut Barrier Loss via an IFN-γ-Dependent Route (2007)

Exposure to bacterial DNA strongly aggravates the inflammatory response, disrupts the intestinal barrier, and up-regulates TLR4 expression in the liver following hemorrhagic shock. These effects are mediated via an IFN-gamma-dependent route. In the clinical setting, bacterial DNA may be important in development of inflammatory complications in surgical patients with bacterial infection.
IMAGE ANALYSIS OF CHROMATIN IN CELLS OF PREIMPLANTATION MOUSE EMBRYOS (1974)

Mouse two-celled embryos and blastulae were Feulgen stained and the DNA content of their nuclei was measured with an integrating microdensitometer. The cells considered on the basis of their nuclear DNA content to be in G(1), S, and G(2) phases of the cell cycle were selected and their total chromatin area and chromatin areas at different gray levels were measured by the image analyzing computer, Quantimet. The measurements were aimed at quantitation of several features of the chromatin morphology of cells in different functional states. The total area of chromatin was found to increase, and the mean density of chromatin to decrease, from the G(1) to the G(2) phase of the cell cycle in both two-celled embryos and blastulae. The area of chromatin decreased, and the mean density of chromatin increased, as embryos developed from two-celled to blastula stage. It was concluded that nuclear morphology in preimplantation mouse embryos depends on both the phase of the cell cycle and the stage of development. The method of image analysis described was found to be useful for quantitation of changes in chromatin morphology.
Electronically tunable dual-OTA second-order sinusoidal oscillators/filters with non-interacting controls: a systematic synthesis approach (2000)

In this paper a novel method of generating canonic sinusoidal oscillators with two operational transconductance amplifiers (OTAs), two grounded capacitors (GCs), and a small number of resistors is introduced. Noninteracting control of the frequency of oscillation (FO) and the condition of oscillation (CO) are realized with the transconductance parameters of the two OTAs respectively. Bandpass (BP) and lowpass (LP) filter functions can also be realized with the same topologies. The independent tuning of the natural frequency /spl omega//sub o/ and /spl omega//sub o//Q of most filters can be realized without changing the topologies.
New and Paradoxical Roles of Matrix Metalloproteinases in the Tumor Microenvironment (2012)

Processes such as cell proliferation, angiogenesis, apoptosis, or invasion are strongly influenced by the surrounding microenvironment of the tumor. Therefore, the ability to change these surroundings represents an important property through which tumor cells are able to acquire specific functions necessary for tumor growth and dissemination. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) constitute key players in this process, allowing tumor cells to modify the extracellular matrix (ECM) and release cytokines, growth factors, and other cell-surface molecules, ultimately facilitating protease-dependent tumor progression. Remodeling of the ECM by collagenolytic enzymes such as MMP1, MMP8, MMP13, or the membrane-bound MT1-MMP as well as by other membrane-anchored proteases is required for invasion and recruitment of novel blood vessels. However, the multiple roles of the MMPs do not all fit into a simple pattern. Despite the pro-tumorigenic function of certain metalloproteinases, recent studies have shown that other members of these families, such as MMP8 or MMP11, have a protective role against tumor growth and metastasis in animal models. These studies have been further expanded by large-scale genomic analysis, revealing that the genes encoding metalloproteinases, such as MMP8, MMP27, ADAM7, and ADAM29, are recurrently mutated in specific tumors, while several ADAMTSs are epigenetically silenced in different cancers. The importance of these proteases in modifying the tumor microenvironment highlights the need for a deeper understanding of how stroma cells and the ECM can modulate tumor progression.
Functional p53 protein in human papillomavirus-positive cancer cells. (1995)

There is accumulating evidence that the p53 protein contributes to tumor suppression by stimulating the transcription of specific cellular genes, such as the cell cycle control gene WAF1/ClP1. p53-mediated transcriptional activation is inhibited in cotransfection assays by overexpressed E6 protein from cancer-associated human papillomavirus (HPV) types, pointing at a possible molecular mechanism by which these viruses contribute to malignant cell transformation. Here we analysed the transcriptional transactivation function of endogenous p53 protein in a series of cervical cancer cell lines, which express the E6 gene from integrated viral sequences. Transient and stable transfection analyses employing p53-responsive reporter constructs indicated that HPV-positive cervical cancer cells contained transactivating p53 protein. Treatment of HPV-positive cells with genotoxic agents, such as mitomycin C, cisplatin, or u.v. irradiation, resulted in an increase of nuclear p53 protein levels and enhanced binding of p53 to a p53-recognition site. These effects were accompanied by an increase of WAF1/ClP1 mRNA levels. In several HPV-positive cell lines, these molecular events were linked to a cell cycle arrest in G1. In contrast, cancer cells containing mutant p53 genes did not contain transactivating endogenous p53 protein and lacked the p53-mediated response to DNA damaging agents. These results indicate that the tumorigenic phenotype of HPV-positive cancer cell lines does not necessarily correlate with a lack of basal or DNA damage induced p53 activities and that therefore the presence of high risk HPV sequences is not functionally equivalent to the loss of p53 function through somatic mutations of the p53 gene.
Agglutination of Reiter Protein-Coated Latex Particles (1965)

Agglutination of Reiter Protein-Coated Latex Particles Get access Roy W. Stevens, M.S., Roy W. Stevens, M.S. 1Division of Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Microbiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Philomena Pacella, Philomena Pacella 1Division of Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Microbiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Margit S. Rubin Margit S. Rubin 1Division of Laboratories and Research, New York State Department of Health, and Department of Microbiology, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar American Journal of Clinical Pathology, Volume 43, Issue 5_ts, April 1965, Pages 490–493, https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/43.5_ts.490 Published: 01 April 1965 Article history Received: 19 October 1964 Published: 01 April 1965
Error Modeling and Performance Comparison of 3-DOF Modules of Two Reconfigurable PKM——the Tricept and the TriVariant (2007)

For the sub-6-degree of freedom(DOF)parallel kinematic machines(PKM),it is necessary to separate the geometric error sources which influence the compensable and uncompensable errors of the mobile platform by error modeling,so as to supervise the accuracy design and kinematics calibration.By taking two 5-DOF hybrid robots,the Tricept and the TriVariant,as an example,an error modeling approach was presented for the sub-6-DOF PKM.This approach can be used to identify the geometric error sources affecting the uncompensable position and orientation errors of the mobile platform.It is concluded that the uncompensable errors of the mobile platform are primarily dominated by the manufacturing and assembling errors of the proper-constraint limb.It shows that the TriVariant robot and the Tricept robot have similar accuracy provided identical task workspace and dimensional parameters.
Generating quantizing pseudomagnetic fields by bending graphene ribbons (2010)

We analyze the mechanical deformations that are required to create uniform pseudomagnetic fields in graphene. It is shown that, if a ribbon is bent in-plane into a circular arc, this can lead to fields exceeding 10 T, which is sufficient for the observation of pseudo-Landau quantization. The arc geometry is simpler than those suggested previously and, in our opinion, has much better chances to be realized experimentally soon. The effects of a scalar potential induced by dilatation in this geometry is shown to be negligible.
INFECTION WITH TRICHOMONAS FOETUS IN HEIFERS1 (1938)

Journal Article INFECTION WITH TRICHOMONAS FOETUS IN HEIFERS Get access JUSTIN ANDREWS, JUSTIN ANDREWS Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar FRED W. MILLER FRED W. MILLER Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 27, Issue 2, March 1938, Pages 235–249, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a118386 Published: 01 March 1938 Article history Received: 07 October 1937 Published: 01 March 1938
Medications for migraine prophylaxis. (2006)

Sufficient evidence and consensus exist to recommend propranolol, timolol, amitriptyline, divalproex, sodium valproate, and topiramate as first-line agents for migraine prevention. There is fair evidence of effectiveness with gabapentin and naproxen sodium. Botulinum toxin also has demonstrated fair effectiveness, but further studies are needed to define its role in migraine prevention. Limited evidence is available to support the use of candesartan, lisinopril, atenolol, metoprolol, nadolol, fluoxetine, magnesium, vitamin B2 (riboflavin), coenzyme Q10, and hormone therapy in migraine prevention. Data and expert opinion are mixed regarding some agents, such as verapamil and feverfew; these can be considered in migraine prevention when other medications cannot be used. Evidence supports the use of timed-release dihydroergotamine mesylate, but patients should be monitored closely for adverse effects.
Minimization and group-by detection for nested XQueries (2004)

We extend tree pattern queries into group-by normal form tree pattern (GNFTP) queries, which are nested, perform arbitrary joins, and freely mix bag and set semantics. Here, we describe a subset of XQuery, called OptXQuery and provide a normalization algorithm that rewrites any OptXQuery into a GNFTP query. Key logical query optimizations can be solved for GNFTP/OptXQuery. As a proof-of-concept but also for its own importance and value in query optimization, we developed and evaluated a query minimization algorithm for GNFTP. The rich features of GN-FTP/OptXQuery create key challenges that fundamentally extend the prior work on the problems of minimizing conjunctive queries. An important application of this technique is group-by detection. We extend GNFTP into extGNFTP to capture XQueries outside the OptXQuery set. The extGNFTP notation provides the logical plan optimization framework of our XQuery processor.
Direct Detection and Speciation of Trace Explosives Using a Nanoporous Multifunctional Microcantilever (2014)

We have developed a highly selective and sensitive nanomechanical infrared (IR) calorimetric spectrometer for use in the direct detection of ultralow concentrations of explosive vapors using a nanoporous TiO2 cantilever. These cantilevers were fabricated using a two-step anodization and photolithography process. By patterning nanoscale wells onto a cantilever, its surface area is increased by 2 orders of magnitude and the surface is converted into a preconcentrator. Resonant excitation of adsorbed molecules using IR radiation causes the cantilever to bend due to temperature changes originating from the nonradiative decay process. The porous structure of the cantilever increases its thermomechanical sensitivity as well as the number of adsorbed molecules. The system performance was demonstrated by detecting binary explosive mixtures under ambient conditions. The TiO2 sensor surface also allows regeneration through the photocatalytic decomposition of adsorbates under UV irradiation.