gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Distance Dependence of Plasmon-Enhanced Photocurrent in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2009)

We have fabricated titanium dioxide based dye-sensitized solar cells that incorporate corrosion-protected silver nanoparticles as plasmonic optical elements of the photoelectrode. The thickness of the TiO(2) layer separating the dye from the nanoparticles has been systematically varied using atomic layer deposition. Over the range of TiO(2) coating thicknesses examined (2 to 8 nm) there is clear enhancement of the dye extinction when plasmonic particles are present, with the enhancement increasing as the TiO(2) thickness decreases. The optical enhancements translate into photocurrent enhancements, with the best cells (thinnest TiO(2) coatings) showing 9-fold current enhancements under optimal monochromatic illumination. Preliminary experiments indicate that substantially larger optical enhancements are achievable with even thinner dye/particle separation layers, suggesting that even greater photocurrent enhancements may be achievable.
Methodology for fully automated segmentation and plaque characterization in intracoronary optical coherence tomography images (2014)

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a light-based intracoronary imaging modality that provides high-resolution cross-sectional images of the luminal and plaque morphology. Currently, the segmentation of OCT images and identification of the composition of plaque are mainly performed manually by expert observers. However, this process is laborious and time consuming and its accuracy relies on the expertise of the observer. To address these limitations, we present a methodology that is able to process the OCT data in a fully automated fashion. The proposed methodology is able to detect the lumen borders in the OCT frames, identify the plaque region, and detect four tissue types: calcium (CA), lipid tissue (LT), fibrous tissue (FT), and mixed tissue (MT). The efficiency of the developed methodology was evaluated using annotations from 27 OCT pullbacks acquired from 22 patients. High Pearson's correlation coefficients were obtained between the output of the developed methodology and the manual annotations (from 0.96 to 0.99), while no significant bias with good limits of agreement was shown in the Bland-Altman analysis. The overlapping areas ratio between experts' annotations and methodology in detecting CA, LT, FT, and MT was 0.81, 0.71, 0.87, and 0.81, respectively.
ADVANCES IN MOLECULAR THERAPY RESEARCH ON DYSTROPHIN-DEFICIENT MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY (2010)

Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a lethal muscle disorder caused by mutations of the DMD gene, which encodes a 427-kDa spectrin-like cytoskeletal protein, dystrophin. Exon skipping induced by antisense oligonucleotides is a novel method to restore the reading frame of the mutated DMD gene and rescue dystrophin expression. We recently demonstrated that systemic delivery of antisense phosphorodiamidate morpholino oligonucleotides (PMOs) targeting exons 6 and 8 of the canine DMD gene efficiently recovered functional dystrophin at the sarcolemma of dystrophic dogs, and improved performance of the affected dogs without serious side effects. As a strategy to target hot spots of mutation in the DMD gene, we also tried exon 51-skipping using PMOs in mdx52 mice to convert an out-of-frame mutation into an in-frame mutation with restoration of dystrophin expression in various muscles and improvement of pathology and function. Progress in adeno-associated virus vector serotype 9 (AAV-9)-mediated DMD gene therapy has enabled the delivery of the therapeutic gene to the whole musculature, including cardiac muscle, while evoking minimal immunological reactions in mice, dogs, and non-human primates. Furthermore, DMD-derived patient-specific induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells could be a potential source for cell therapy, although there are at present hurdles to be overcome. In the future, this technology could be used in combination with exon skipping or AAV-mediated gene therapy to achieve clinical benefits.
Corrigenda: a hierarchy-aware approach to faceted classification of object-oriented components (1999)

This article presents a hierarchy-aware classification schema for object-oriented code, where software components are classified according to their behavioral characteristics , such as provided services, employed algorithms, and needed data. In the case of reusable application frameworks, these characteristics are constructed from their model , i.e., from the description of the abstract classes specifying both the framework structure and purpose. In conventional object libraries, the characteristics are extracted semiautomatically from class interfaces. Characteristics are term pairs, weighted to represent "how well" they describe component behavior. The set of characteristics associated with a given component forms its software descriptor . A descriptor base is presented where descriptors are organized on the basis of structured relationships, such as similarity and composition. The classification is supported by a thesaurus acting as a language-independent unified lexicon. The descriptor base is conceived for developers who, besides conventionally browsing the descriptors hierarchy, can query the system, specifying a set of desired functionalities and getting a ranked set of adaptable candidates. User feedback is taken into account in order to progressively ameliorate the quality of the descriptors according to the views of the user community. Feedback is made dependent of the user typology through a user profile . Experimental results in terms of recall and precision of the retrieval mechanism against a sample code base are reported.
Corticosteroid-Induced Bone Loss in Men (1998)

Lack of consistent information concerning the pathophysiology of corticosteroid-related bone loss may be due to coexisting independent factors that influence bone mineral density (BMD). For example, the disease being treated may increase bone turnover and cause bone loss, and its severity may influence the dose of corticosteroids chosen. Similarly, disease remission due to the treatment or disease progression despite treatment may influence bone turnover and the rate of bone loss. The hormonal changes purportedly responsible for reduced bone formation or increased bone resorption may be the result of the disease, not the corticosteroids. To determine the pathophysiology of corticosteroid-related bone loss, we conducted a controlled, prospective study in men with no systemic illness treated with corticosteroids to reduce antisperm antibodies. We measured BMD using dual x-ray absorptiometry and circulating biochemical and hormonal determinants of bone turnover in 9 men before and during prednisolone treatment and in 10 age-matched controls. The results were expressed as the mean +/- SEM. There were no differences in BMD between the two groups at baseline. The patients received 50 mg prednisolone daily for 3.7 +/- 0.6 months (range, 1-6). BMD decreased by 4.6 +/- 0.8% at the lumbar spine (P = 0.0007), by 2.6 +/- 0.6% at the trochanter (P = 0.004), and by 4.8 +/- 1.9% at the Ward's triangle (P < 0.04). The decrease in lumbar spine BMD correlated with the cumulative dose of corticosteroids (r = -0.49; P = 0.03). Serum osteocalcin and skeletal alkaline phosphatase decreased by 28.5 +/- 15.5% (P = 0.08) and 24.2 +/- 8.6% (P < 0.03), respectively. The decrease in lumbar spine BMD correlated with the decrease in osteocalcin (r = -0.48; P < 0.02). Serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin decreased by 28.6 +/- 4.4% (P < 0.003) and 28.5 +/- 8.3% (P < 0.007), respectively. The testosterone/sex hormone-binding globulin ratio did not change. The decrease in total testosterone correlated with the decrease in osteocalcin (r = -0.40; P = 0.05). There were no detectable changes in urinary C-telopeptide, serum PTH, or serum calcium. Estradiol decreased by 23.5 +/- 11.4% (P < 0.003). Corticosteroid therapy results in rapid bone loss, probably due to reduced bone formation. Neither increased bone resorption nor secondary hyperparathyroidism appears to contribute to the rapid bone loss. Whether the reduction in bone formation may be partly mediated by changes in sex steroids remains unclear.
A Dynamic Model of a Linear Actuator Based on Polymer Hydrogel (1994)

The design and analysis of a series of linear actuators based on polymer hydrogel is presented. The actuators use arrays of pH sensitive gel fibers together with a fluid irrigation system to locally and rapidly regulate the composition of the solution. A dynamic model is constructed for one of the linear actuators, which includes the polymer gel, fluidic system, and transmission mechanics. Emphasis in the design and mechanical modeling of the actuators is placed on the com plete system including not only the polymer gel, but also on the containment system, irrigation scheme, and servo valving system.
Directed Electrodeposition of Polymer Films Using Spatially Controllable Electric Field Gradients (2007)

We report a method for the directed electrodeposition of polymer films in various patterns using spatially controllable electric field gradients. One- and two- dimensional surface electric field gradients were produced by applying different potential values at spatially distinct locations on an electrode surface. Variations in the resulting local electrochemical potentials were used to spatially manipulate the rate of electrodeposition of several polymers. By controlling the electric field gradient in the presence of sequentially varying deposition solutions, complex polymer patterns could be produced. One-dimensional structures consisting of alternating bands of polyaniline and either poly(phenylene) oxide or poly(aminophenylene) oxide were produced, as well as more complex two-dimensional structures. Film characterization was achieved through optical imaging, UV-vis spectroscopy, and ellipsometry. Results indicate that this directed deposition technique is a simple strategy to create complex, millimeter-sized surface patterns of electrodeposited materials.
A catalytically-impaired class A <i>β</i>-lactamase: 2 Å crystal structure and kinetics of the <i>Bacillus licheniformis</i> E166A mutant (1993)

In the beta-lactamase (penicillinase) of Bacillus licheniformis 749/C, site specific mutation of Glu166 to Ala caused a million-fold reduction of catalytic activity towards both penicillin and cephalosporin substrates and resulted in the stoichiometric accumulation of the acyl enzyme. The rate of deacylation generally slowed by as much as 10(-7) compared to the wild type. The acyl enzyme intermediate was observed by HPLC, but not by X-ray diffraction. The mutant was crystallized from methoxyPEG 5000 at pH 6.2 in space group P2(1) with Z = 4. Molecular replacement based on the wild type structure followed by refinement produced an R factor of 17.2% for 25,800 3 sigma data from 10 to 2 A. Deviations from bond and angle ideals are 0.005 A and 1.5 degrees respectively. The mutant differs very little from the wild type structure, with only 0.25 A (r.m.s.) differences in backbone atoms; the CD spectra and thermal stabilities of the two enzymes are identical. Changes in the positions of the reactive Ser70 and conserved Lys73 are not significant, suggesting that the proposed salt linkage to Glu166 in the wild type enzyme is weak or non-existent. The calculated solvent exposure of Ser70 and Lys73 increases slightly and a buried water molecule is now positioned near Lys73. The hydrolytic water seen in the native active site shifts markedly by 1.6 A, but is held in the active site by Asn170, which possibly becomes an ineffective substitute for Glu166 in activating the water for deacylation.
PdTe2 (1996)

The structure of palladium(IV) telluride has been determined by single-crystal X-ray methods. The structure type is Cd(OH)2-(C6). PdTe2 is a layered structure with the layers stacking along the [001] direction. Pd4+ cations are octahedrally coordinated. The layers are formed by the octahedra sharing edges along the [100], [010] and [110] directions. The Pd-Te bond distance is 2.693 (2) Å.
A Hardware Architecture for a Multi Mode Block Interleaver (2004)

We are interested in developing a programmable baseband processor for software defined radio and are trying to find configurable hardware blocks that can be used in multiple radio standards, including for example wireless LAN and 3G standards. This paper suggests an architecture for a multi mode block interleaver that is suitable e.g. for the IEEE 802.11a and 802.11g standards. Our implementation is based on a special matrix memory to which data is written as rows but read out as columns. To enable a comparison, an interleaver for theWireless LAN standard 802.11a has been implemented both using our suggested architecture and using a traditional interleaver implementation based on a bit memory. Our implementation reaches a significantly higher performance and a lower power consumption with no extra area. The price to pay is a small loss of generality.
Performance of alternative media for LAN interconnection (2002)

The profusion of LANs and the substantial increase in LAN traffic volume have created a demand for LAN interconnection that facilitates the move towards B-ISDN. This is an important step towards the realization of a "global communications network". In this paper, we study the performance of an interconnection scenario where servers, workstations, and LANs are interconnected by an interconnecting medium. ATM switching technology is an attractive candidate for the interconnecting medium because high-speed switches can be built at relatively low cost. A competing technology is DQDB, which is the IEEE 802.6 standard for Metropolitan Area Networks. A model is developed to study the performance differences of ATM switches and DQDB when used as interconnecting media. Simulation results for different network configurations and traffic scenarios are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The simple method for analysis of nonlinear frequency distortions in FMCW radar (2002)

The paper presents a simple method for the estimation of nonlinear frequency distortions of linear frequency modulated (LFM) signals used in FMCW radars. This method, derived from the polynomial model of a nonlinear LFM signal phase, is based on finding the maximum of the two-dimensional chirp-like transform of the IF signal obtained by mixing the transmitted LFM signal with its delayed copy. Using the suggested transform, we show the ability of the method to detect and classify signal distortions.
Characterization of placentation-specific binucleate cell glycoproteins possessing a novel carbohydrate. Evidence for a new family of pregnancy-associated molecules. (1993)

The ovine binucleate cell-specific glycoproteins recognized by the monoclonal antibody SBU-3 first appear at the initiation of placentation, and their expression continues throughout gestation. These placenta-specific proteins have not been detected in any other adult or fetal sheep tissues and are specific to the materno-fetal interface. The SBU-3 monoclonal antibody recognizes the carbohydrate epitope common to a group of proteins ranging in molecular mass from 30 to 200 kDa whose function during pregnancy remains undefined. The biochemical properties of these uniquely expressed glycoproteins were investigated by analyzing both the carbohydrate and protein portion of the molecules. Analysis of phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A binding to electrophoretically separated SBU-3 proteins revealed that the major proteins between 40 and 70 kDa bind phytohemagglutinin. In contrast, concanavalin A bound only to minor proteins in the SBU-3 glycoprotein preparation. Analysis of the carbohydrate conjugated to the SBU-3 glycoproteins revealed that the major chains are sialylated O-linked and complex partially sialylated multiple antennary N-linked chains. The presence of N-glycolylneuraminic acid in an N-linked structure indicates the unique nature of this carbohydrate epitope. The differential binding to phytohemagglutinin and concanavalin A provided a method for further purification and characterization of the major protein components with monoclonal antibody immunoaffinity-purified SBU-3 proteins being further separated by concanavalin A-Sepharose chromatography. Microsequence analysis of the major non-concanavalin A-binding proteins (69, 62, and 57 kDa) revealed partial homology to ovine and bovine pregnancy-associated glycoprotein and rabbit pepsinogen F. Immunoblot analysis of the SBU-3 proteins showed cross-reactivity with polyclonal antisera directed against ovine placental-associated glycoprotein and pregnancy-specific glycoprotein B. These results suggest that together these glycoproteins represent members of a binucleate cell-derived family of pregnancy-associated molecules in the ruminant placenta.
Comparative Analysis of Viterbi Training and Maximum Likelihood Estimation for HMMs (2013)

We present an asymptotic analysis of Viterbi Training (VT) and contrast it with a more conventional Maximum Likelihood (ML) approach to parameter estimation in Hidden Markov Models. While ML estimator works by (locally) maximizing the likelihood of the observed data, VT seeks to maximize the probability of the most likely hidden state sequence. We develop an analytical framework based on a generating function formalism and illustrate it on an exactly solvable model of HMM with one unambiguous symbol. For this particular model the ML objective function is continuously degenerate. VT objective, in contrast, is shown to have only finite degeneracy. Furthermore, VT converges faster and results in sparser (simpler) models, thus realizing an automatic Occam's razor for HMM learning. For more general scenario VT can be worse compared to ML but still capable of correctly recovering most of the parameters.
Role of Blood Clot Formation on Early Edema Development After Experimental Intracerebral Hemorrhage (1998)

After ICH, blood clot formation is required for rapid and prolonged edema development in perihematomal white and gray matter. Thrombin also contributes to prolonged edema in gray matter.
Activation of epidermal growth factor receptor during corneal epithelial migration. (2000)

These data indicate that EGFR was activated during corneal epithelial wound healing in vivo. Furthermore, this activation appears to be a necessary component of the process, because inhibition of the EGFR signaling cascade significantly slowed migration rates.
Accurate Sample Time Reconstruction of Inertial FIFO Data (2017)

In the context of modern cyber-physical systems, the accuracy of underlying sensor data plays an increasingly important role in sensor data fusion and feature extraction. The raw events of multiple sensors have to be aligned in time to enable high quality sensor fusion results. However, the growing number of simultaneously connected sensor devices make the energy saving data acquisition and processing more and more difficult. Hence, most of the modern sensors offer a first-in-first-out (FIFO) interface to store multiple data samples and to relax timing constraints, when handling multiple sensor devices. However, using the FIFO interface increases the negative influence of individual clock drifts-introduced by fabrication inaccuracies, temperature changes and wear-out effects-onto the sampling data reconstruction. Furthermore, additional timing offset errors due to communication and software latencies increases with a growing number of sensor devices. In this article, we present an approach for an accurate sample time reconstruction independent of the actual clock drift with the help of an internal sensor timer. Such timers are already available in modern sensors, manufactured in micro-electromechanical systems (MEMS) technology. The presented approach focuses on calculating accurate time stamps using the sensor FIFO interface in a forward-only processing manner as a robust and energy saving solution. The proposed algorithm is able to lower the overall standard deviation of reconstructed sampling periods below 40 μ s, while run-time savings of up to 42% are achieved, compared to single sample acquisition.
Convenient Syntheses of Aroylamino Acids and α-amino ketones (1972)

Abstract C-Acylamino acid, especially aroylamino acid is a key and still currently interest compound for the pharmaceutical intermediate in which β-arylserine prepared by the reduction in an example would be physiologically important.
Localization and Genomic Organization of a New Hepatocellular Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide (2000)

Based on sequence homology to the human organic anion transporting polypeptide 2 (OATP2; SLC21A6), we cloned a new member of the SLC21A superfamily of solute carriers, termed OATP8 (SLC21A8). The protein of 702 amino acids showed an amino acid identity of 80% with human OATP2. Based on Northern blotting, the expression of OATP8 was restricted to human liver. Cosmid clones containing the genes encoding human OATP1 (SLC21A3), OATP2 (SLC21A6), and OATP8 (SLC21A8) served to establish their genomic organization. All three genes contained 14 exons with 13 identical splice sites when transferred to the amino acid sequence. An antibody raised against the carboxyl terminus localized OATP8 to the basolateral membrane of human hepatocytes and the recombinant glycoprotein, expressed in MDCKII cells, to the lateral membrane. Transport properties of OATP8 were studied in stably transfected MDCKII and HEK293 cells. Organic anions transported by human OATP8 included sulfobromophthalein, with a K(m) of 3.3 microm, and 17beta-glucuronosyl estradiol, with a K(m) of 5.4 microm. Several bile salts were not substrates. Thus, human OATP8 is a new uptake transporter in the basolateral hepatocyte membrane with an overlapping but distinct substrate specificity as compared with OATP2, which is localized to the same membrane domain.
Aging Resistance Properties of Poplar Plywood Bonded by Soy Protein-Based Adhesive (2016)

The aging resistance properties of poplar plywood prepared with soy protein-based adhesives were investigated. The shear strength of soybean meal/bisphenol epoxy resin (SM/EP) adhesive increased by 197.5% (surface layer) to 1.19 MPa and 153.5% (core layer) to 1.09 MPa compared to soybean meal (SM) adhesive. Wet-dry cycles of 25 ± 3 °C, 63 ± 2 °C, and 95 ± 2 °C accelerated the aging of poplar plywood with soy protein-based adhesive. After eight 25 ± 3 °C wet-dry cycles, the shear strength of plywood bonded with SM/EP adhesive was reduced to 0.88 MPa (surface layer) and 0.71 MPa (core layer). Furthermore, the shear strength of SM adhesive gradually decreased to 0 (surface and core layer) after six and five 25 ± 3 °C wet-dry cycles. The shear strength of SM/EP adhesives was reduced to 0.96 MPa and 0.79 MPa (surface and core layer) after eight 63 ± 2 °C wet-dry cycles, and 0.53 MPa and 0.27 MPa (surface and core layer) after eight 95 ± 2 °C wet-dry cycles. Vertical density profiles indicated that the decrease of shear strength could be attributed to several factors: The small molecules were dissolved, the molecular chains of the adhesives were hydrolyzed by water, and the interior and thermal stress destroyed the bonding structure.
Proteins in Normal Cerebrospinal Fluid Not Found in Serum. (1961)

SummaryImmuno-electrophoresis of normal concentrated cerebrospinal fluid, developed with a specific rabbit anti cerebrospinal fluid antiserum, has demonstrated the existence in the gamma and beta areas of 2 proteins not found in serum.