gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertically Integrated Electronic Circuits via a Combination of Self-Assembled Polyelectrolytes, Ink-Jet Printing, and Electroless Metal Plating Processes (2002)

The advantages of polymers are the fabrication and patterning of ultra-large-area coatings. In this paper, an approach which combines self-assembled polyelectrolytes, ink-jet printing, and electroless metal plating technologies for the fabrication of vertically integrated electronic circuits is successfully demonstrated. Through these processes, several layers of metal integrated circuits were deposited sequentially with polymer layers sandwiched between each layer of wires. Hence, one can build vertically integrated electronic components consisting of diodes, capacitors, resistors, and inductors with a relatively simple and low-cost technology.
Complexity Reduction in Galois Logic Design. (1977)

Two methods of reducing the complexity of the hardware used in Galois logic design are presented: reduced trees of Galois linear modules, and subfield multipliers. The first method lowers the number of modules in a full tree of Galois linear modules and the second method enables multiplication in a Galois field to be done with subfield multipliers. (Author)
Automatic Detection And Correction Of Purple Fringing Using The Gradient Information And Desaturation (2008)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Lausanne, Switzerland, 2008
Interactions in man of delta‐9‐tetrahydrocannabinol; II. Cannabinol and cannabidiol (1975)

Oral doses of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) 20 mg, combined with placebo or with 40 mg dses of cannabinol (CBN) and cannabidiol (CBD), were given to volunteers. The combination of THC with CBN produced no detectable changes in the quality, intensity, or duration of the effects of THC alone. The THC-CBD combination tended to delay onset and prolong effects of THC, while making them somewhat more intense. Even this interactive effect was slight, providing no reason to abandon the current practice of basing doses of marihuana for clinical studies solely on THC content.
QCM Operation in Liquids:  Constant Sensitivity during Formation of Extended Protein Multilayers by Affinity (1997)

The quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) is a well-established tool in mass-sensitive detection. Due to recent improvements in experimental procedures, QCMs are finding increasing attention for applications in liquids. One important application is bioaffinity measurements for analytical or research purposes. The effect of the formation of solid films at a QCM surface, especially in gases or vacuum, is well understood. However, the situation is more complex in bioaffinity applications due to the comparably high viscosity of the liquid and the softness of the biological overlayer. Typically frequency responses found for protein layers exceed the values expected from simple models. The use of a hydrogel extending several hundred nanometers from the transducer surface as interacting matrix is common in bioaffinity applications and further increases complexity. Pure mass-related effects as well as viscosity-mediated effects may contribute to the overall frequency response observed experimentally. To improve our understanding of the effects during the formation of extended biological overlayers we have investigated systematically the formation of protein multilayers with a QCM in situ. The attenuation of the QCM oscillation by the liquid leads to a broadening of the resonance frequency. We have overcome this limitation by frequency-dependent admittance analysis and by curve fitting of the resulting admittance. A time resolution of 5 s and a noise of 0.2 Hz has been achieved with 6-MHz AT-cut quartz crystals operating in liquids. Protein multilayers were formed by successive incubations with a biotin-albumin conjugate and streptavidin. Frequency responses for dry protein layers in air were in agreement with mass changes estimated from the Sauerbrey equation. However, in water, the corresponding frequency decrease was increased by a factor of 4, thereby indicating that significant amounts of water are embedded in the hydrated protein layer. Unexpectedly a constant frequency decrease per layer was found during the successive formation of up to 20 protein layers (∼400 nm). Neither noise nor drift increased with the number of protein layers. These results indicate that, despite the high hydration of the protein layers, viscosity-induced effects play a negligible role and that the frequency decrease reflects primarily mass changes at the surface.
The Influence pH, Temperature, and Calcium on Platelet Aggregation: Maintenance of Environmental pH and Platelet Function for in Vitro Studies in Plasma Stored at 37° C (1974)

S ummary . The threshold concentration of ADP required to induce second phase or irreversible platelet aggregation was shown to differ between individuals when certain environmental factors were controlled during platelet handling. The factors shown to be important were plasma pH, temperature, and calcium concentration. PRP exposed to air showed a rise in pH and this was initially associated with an increase in the threshold concentration of ADP required to induce second phase aggregation. When the pH rose above 8.0 a second phase could not be elicited. Plasma pH and platelet; responsiveness could be maintained for up to 4 hr by simply storing the PRP under an atmosphere of 5% CO 2 –95% air. The second phase of aggregation is due to fibrin polymerization (Ardlie & Han, 1974) which is calcium‐dependent, and the pH effect was shown to be due in part to a decrease in availability of calcium as a consequence of a pH‐dependent increase in binding of calcium, possibly to citrate and albumin. Alkaline pH also inhibited fibrin polymerization independently of calcium. The ADP threshold for secondary aggregation was also influenced by the citrate concentration and it was shown that 0.1 M and not 0.129 M (3.8%) citrate should be used for blood collection for preparation of plasma for studies of platelet function. Platelets stored at room temperature were much more sensitive to ADP and thrombin than when kept at 37° C and it is suggested that this sensitization at lower temperatures may obscure differences in platelet responsiveness between individuals. As the pH became more alkaline the sensitivity of platelets stored at room temperature increased and then subsequently decreased. Since the coagulation pathway is involved in the response of platelets to stimuli (Ardlie & Han, 1974) meaningful clinical studies of platelet function will have to be carried out with PRP and the present report defines some of the optimal conditions for handling and storage of plasma.
Recovery of Olfactory Function following Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury: A Longitudinal Follow-Up (2015)

There is increasing evidence that disruption of olfactory function after pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) is common. Olfactory dysfunction (OD) has been linked to significant functional implications in areas of health, safety, and quality of life, but longitudinal research investigating olfactory recovery is limited. This study aimed to investigate recovery trajectories for olfaction following pediatric TBI and explore predictors of early and late olfactory outcomes. The olfactory function of 37 children with TBI ages 8-16 years was assessed on average at 1.5, 8.0, and 18.0 months post-injury using the University of Pennsylvania Smell Identification Test. A significant improvement in olfactory performance was seen over time in those with acute OD, however, only 16% of those with the most severe OD showed recovery to normal olfactory function, with the remainder demonstrating ongoing olfactory impairment at the 18 month follow-up. Predictors of early (0-3 month) and late (18 month) olfactory outcomes varied with site of impact, a significant predictor of later olfactory performance. In summary, while there was evidence of recovery of OD over time in pediatric TBI, the majority of children with severe OD did not show any recovery. In light of limited recovery of function for more severely affected children, the importance of appropriate education and implementation of rehabilitation management strategies is highlighted.
An open-structure sound insulator against low-frequency and wide-band acoustic waves (2015)

To block sound, i.e., the vibration of air, most insulators are based on sealed structures and prevent the flow of the air. In this research, an acoustic metamaterial adopting side structures, loops, and labyrinths, arranged along a main tube, is presented. By combining the accurately designed side structures, an extremely wide forbidden band with a low cut-off frequency of 80 Hz is produced, which demonstrates a powerful low-frequency and wide-band sound insulation ability. Moreover, by virtue of the bypass arrangement, the metamaterial is based on an open structure, and thus air flow is allowed while acoustic waves can be insulated.
THEORY OF THE CYLINDRICAL DIPOLE ON A SPHERE (1969)

Abstract : A logical and straightforward approach to the problem of the cylindrical dipole mounted symmetrically on a conducting metallic sphere is given. The method used replaces the conducting sphere by a system of properly chosen interior sources whose coefficients are determined by Fourier Transform theory, an aperture condition, and variationally optimized point-matching. The results show agreement with experiment within about 5 percent. Extension of the method to other shapes is considered briefly.
Expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 and its relation to endomysial fibrosis in progressive muscular dystrophy. (1994)

Progressive muscular dystrophy is characterized by muscle fiber necrosis, regeneration, and endomysial fibrosis. Although absence of dystrophin has been known as the cause of muscle fiber degeneration, pathogenesis of interstitial fibrosis is still unknown. Transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-beta 1) induces accumulation of extracellular matrix in various diseases, such as liver cirrhosis and interstitial pneumonitis. To investigate its function on the pathogenesis of progressive muscular dystrophy, it was necessary to determine the degree of TGF-beta 1 expression and the site of TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity. In Duchenne muscular dystrophy and most of Becker muscular dystrophy, high TGF-beta 1 immunoreactivity expressed on muscle fibers and extracellular space. In other myopathies with endomysial fibrosis, however, TGF-beta 1 was seldom observed. We also examined the immunoreactivity of the latent TGF-beta binding protein, which is bound to the TGF-beta precursors. In all Duchenne muscular dystrophy and half of Becker muscular dystrophy cases, high latent TGF-beta 1 binding protein immunoreactivity was seen, but in other myopathies its immunoreactivity was seldom seen on muscle fibers or extracellular space. Therefore TGF-beta 1 may play an important role in synthesis and accumulation of extracellular matrix in progressive muscular dystrophy.
Reduced TRPC Channel Expression in Psoriatic Keratinocytes Is Associated with Impaired Differentiation and Enhanced Proliferation (2011)

Psoriasis is a characteristic inflammatory and scaly skin condition with typical histopathological features including increased proliferation and hampered differentiation of keratinocytes. The activation of innate and adaptive inflammatory cellular immune responses is considered to be the main trigger factor of the epidermal changes in psoriatic skin. However, the molecular players that are involved in enhanced proliferation and impaired differentiation of psoriatic keratinocytes are only partly understood. One important factor that regulates differentiation on the cellular level is Ca(2+). In normal epidermis, a Ca(2+) gradient exists that is disturbed in psoriatic plaques, favoring impaired keratinocyte proliferation. Several TRPC channels such as TRPC1, TRPC4, or TRPC6 are key proteins in the regulation of high [Ca(2+)](ex) induced differentiation. Here, we investigated if TRPC channel function is impaired in psoriasis using calcium imaging, RT-PCR, western blot analysis and immunohistochemical staining of skin biopsies. We demonstrated substantial defects in Ca(2+) influx in psoriatic keratinocytes in response to high extracellular Ca(2+) levels, associated with a downregulation of all TRPC channels investigated, including TRPC6 channels. As TRPC6 channel activation can partially overcome this Ca(2+) entry defect, specific TRPC channel activators may be potential new drug candidates for the topical treatment of psoriasis.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 5‐Amino‐7‐oxo‐(6H)‐1,3‐dithiolo(4,5‐d)pyrimidine Derivatives from 2‐Amino‐(1H,5H)‐pyrimidine‐4,6‐dione. (1993)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Antifungal patents appearing from June 1995 to June 1997 (1997)

Claims related to the discovery of new antifungal agents and methods to improve existing marketed drugs dominate the patent literature dating from June 1995 to June 1997. The bulk of this review deals with entries that involve the synthesis and evaluation of new compounds and novel analogues of known classes of antifungals. Coverage related to the development of combination therapies and the use of formulation vehicles to improve the physicochemical properties, pharmacokinetics and toxicity profiles associated with parent compounds is also included.
Self-Bleaching Behaviors in Black-to-Transmissive Electrochromic Polymer Thin Films (2017)

Polymer-based electrochromic smart windows are an emerging energy-saving technology. There are several technological hurdles in the development of organic electrochromics. In this article, the self-bleaching behaviors of a black electrochromic polymer (ECP-black) thin film were investigated. We found that the electrochemical break-in process led to a less dense morphology and the increased free volume facilitated ion permeation in the ECP-black thin films. The polarized interface between the polymer thin film and transparent indium-tin-oxide (ITO) electrode made charge transfer accessible, which caused the self-bleaching behaviors. Herein, we proposed two approaches to study and mitigate the self-bleaching phenomenon. First, a densely packed morphology was regenerated by increasing the cathodic polarization time under open-circuit conditions (V<sub>off</sub>). The second involved the modification of the electrode (ITO) surface with a partial coverage of the octadecyltrichlorosilane layer. The combination of the two approaches rendered the ECP-black thin film capable of maintaining the colored state for up to 900 s. To extend the scope of our studies, self-bleaching of ECP-magenta and ECP-blue thin films were also tested and suppressed by using these two methods. Additionally, the cycling stability of the ECP-black has been improved from ∼600 cycles to up to 2300 cycles without a noticeable decay of optical contrast.
OpenFire: Using deception to reduce network attacks (2007)

Remote network attacks are a serious problem facing network administrators today. OpenFire uses deception to interfere with the reconnaissance phase. Unlike traditional firewalls, instead of blocking unwanted traffic, it accepts all traffic, forwarding unwanted messages to a cluster of decoy machines. To the outside, all ports and all IP addresses appear open in an OpenFire network. OpenFire uses the honeypot concept in its design. However, unlike traditional honeypots, OpenFire attempts to present additional false targets by making it appear to an attacker that all ports, including unused ones, and all unused IP addresses of an organization are open, with the thesis that this will help divert attacks from real services to false services. In our experiments, we defined an attack to be snort’s priority 1 alert. During a 21-day evaluation period, we found that OpenFire reduced the number of attacks on real services by 65% as compared to an unprotected system and by 46% as compared to a Honeypot-protected system. We present OpenFire’s design, its performance, and defenses against some potential attacks.
The Occurrence of Chitinase in some Bacteria (1956)

Summary: A method for the detection of small quantities of chitinase in culture fluids is described and the results of a survey of representative species of the main groups of bacteria presented. Chitinase is produced by some but not all of the soil and water bacteria. Chitinase appears to be a constitutive enzyme in many species of bacteria; its occurrence may prove of diagnostic value.
Identical Ring Cleavage Products during Anaerobic Degradation of Naphthalene, 2-Methylnaphthalene, and Tetralin Indicate a New Metabolic Pathway (2002)

Anaerobic degradation of naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, and tetralin (1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene) was investigated with a sulfate-reducing enrichment culture obtained from a contaminated aquifer. Degradation studies with tetralin revealed 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid as a major metabolite indicating activation by addition of a C(1) unit to tetralin, comparable to the formation of 2-naphthoic acid in anaerobic naphthalene degradation. The activation reaction was specific for the aromatic ring of tetralin; 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-2-naphthoic acid was not detected. The reduced 2-naphthoic acid derivatives tetrahydro-, octahydro-, and decahydro-2-naphthoic acid were identified consistently in supernatants of cultures grown with either naphthalene, 2-methylnaphthalene, or tetralin. In addition, two common ring cleavage products were identified. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and high-resolution GC-MS analyses revealed a compound with a cyclohexane ring and two carboxylic acid side chains as one of the first ring cleavage products. The elemental composition was C(11)H(16)O(4) (C(11)H(16)O(4)-diacid), indicating that all carbon atoms of the precursor 2-naphthoic acid structure were preserved in this ring cleavage product. According to the mass spectrum, the side chains could be either an acetic acid and a propenic acid, or a carboxy group and a butenic acid side chain. A further ring cleavage product was identified as 2-carboxycyclohexylacetic acid and was assumed to be formed by beta-oxidation of one of the side chains of the C(11)H(16)O(4)-diacid. Stable isotope-labeling growth experiments with either (13)C-labeled naphthalene, per-deuterated naphthalene-d(8), or a (13)C-bicarbonate-buffered medium showed that the ring cleavage products derived from the introduced carbon source naphthalene. The series of identified metabolites suggests that anaerobic degradation of naphthalenes proceeds via reduction of the aromatic ring system of 2-naphthoic acid to initiate ring cleavage in analogy to the benzoyl-coenzyme A pathway for monoaromatic hydrocarbons. Our findings provide strong indications that further degradation goes through saturated compounds with a cyclohexane ring structure and not through monoaromatic compounds. A metabolic pathway for anaerobic degradation of bicyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with 2-naphthoic acid as the central intermediate is proposed.
Isolation and molecular characterization of <i>Musca domestica</i> delta‐9 desaturase sequences (2002)

We have isolated fatty acyl-CoA desaturase cDNA (Mdomd9) and genomic sequences from the housefly, Musca domestica. Two approximately 1.66 kb cDNAs were recovered. They had identical coding regions and 3' untranslated regions (UTRs), but differed in their 5' UTRs. The open reading frame encodes a 380 amino acid (aa) protein with 82% identity to Drosophila melanogaster desat1, and significant (> 50%) identity with other insect delta-9 desaturases. Functional analyses in a yeast expression system confirmed the cDNA encodes a delta9 desaturase. Northern analysis indicated two transcripts of 1.7 and 2.9 kb that hybridized specifically to the open reading frame. PCR amplification of genomic templates revealed three intron sites that are conserved among other insect species. Southern analysis of genomic DNA indicated at least two desaturase gene copies per haploid genome. There is a high degree of polymorphism, most of which appears to be due to variable intron sequences; curiously, individual flies had varying morphs of intron II and intron III. Together, the data suggest that there are more delta9 desaturase alleles within the population studied than there are loci within the genome, and support other studies suggesting that insect fatty acyl-CoA desaturases are a dynamically evolving gene family.
Fine-grained pose prediction, normalization, and recognition (2015)

Pose variation and subtle differences in appearance are key challenges to fine-grained classification. While deep networks have markedly improved general recognition, many approaches to fine-grained recognition rely on anchoring networks to parts for better accuracy. Identifying parts to find correspondence discounts pose variation so that features can be tuned to appearance. To this end previous methods have examined how to find parts and extract pose-normalized features. These methods have generally separated fine-grained recognition into stages which first localize parts using hand-engineered and coarsely-localized proposal features, and then separately learn deep descriptors centered on inferred part positions. We unify these steps in an end-to-end trainable network supervised by keypoint locations and class labels that localizes parts by a fully convolutional network to focus the learning of feature representations for the fine-grained classification task. Experiments on the popular CUB200 dataset show that our method is state-of-the-art and suggest a continuing role for strong supervision.
Complete Clinical Remission in a Patient With Advanced Pancreatic Cancer Using Mitomycin C-Based Chemotherapy (1999)

In a patient with advanced pancreatic cancer, with a hypercoagulable state, a complete clinical response was obtained with a mitomycin-based regimen plus adjunctive heparin. The patient converted from a partial response to a complete response with the addition of heparin, raising the possibility that heparin was somehow involved in the process. Recent studies have reported prolongation of survival in patients with cancer who were given heparin along with chemotherapy. The known antiangiogenic and antiproliferative action of heparin may explain this possible synergism. If heparin is, in fact, synergistic with cytotoxic cancer drugs, a fertile field of investigation is open to cooperative groups, especially because long-term heparin therapy is now feasible and safe, the low-molecular-weight heparins even more so.
Ammonium-directed dihydroxylation: metal-free synthesis of the diastereoisomers of 3-aminocyclohexane-1,2-diol (2008)

The ammonium-directed, metal-free oxidation of 3-(N,N-dibenzylamino)cyclohex-1-ene with mCPBA in the presence of either trichloroacetic acid or tosic acid has been used as the key step to facilitate the synthesis of all the diastereoisomers of 3-aminocyclohexane-1,2-diol, in >98% de in each case.