gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Recognition and positioning of rigid objects using algebraic moment invariants (1991)

Toward the development of an object recognition and positioning system, able to deal with arbitrary shaped objects in cluttered environments, methods for matching two arbitrarily shaped regions of different objects are introduced, and how to efficiently compute the coordinate transformation which makes two matching regions coincide is shown. In both cases, matching and positioning, the results are invariant with respect to viewer coordinate system, and these techniques apply to both 2-D and 3-D problems, under either Euclidean or affine coordinate transformations. The 3-D Euclidean case is useful for the recognition and positioning of solid objects from range data, and the 2-D affine case for the recognition and positioning of solid objects from projections, e.g., from curves in a single image, and in motion estimation. The matching of arbitrarily shaped regions is done by computing for each region a vector of centered moments. These vectors are viewpoint-dependent, but the dependence on the viewpoint is algebraic and well known. This paper presents a new family of computationally efficient algorithms based on matrix computations, for the evaluation of both Euclidean and affine algebraic moment invariants of data sets. The use of algebraic moment invariants greatly reduces the computation required for the matching and, hence, initial object recognition. The approach to determining and computing these moment invariants is different than those used by the vision community previously. The method for computing the coordinate transformation which makes the two matching regions coincide provides an estimate of object position. The estimation of the matching transformation is based on the same matrix computation techniques introduced for the computation of invariants. It involves simple manipulations of the moment vectors. It neither requires costly iterative methods, nor going back to the data set. These geometric invariant methods appear to be very important for dealing with the situation of a large number of different possible objects in the presence of occlusion and clutter, and the approach to computing these moment invariants is different than those used by the vision community previously.
AT-1 is the ER membrane acetyl-CoA transporter and is essential for cell viability (2010)

The transient or permanent modification of nascent proteins in the early secretory pathway is an essential cellular function that ensures correct folding and maturation of membrane and secreted proteins. We have recently described a new form of post-translational regulation of the membrane protein β-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) involving transient lysine acetylation in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). The essential components of this process are two ER-based acetyl-CoA:lysine acetyltransferases, ATase1 and ATase2, and a membrane transporter that translocates acetyl-CoA into the lumen of the ER. Here, we report the functional identification of acetyl-CoA transporter 1 (AT-1) as the ER membrane acetyl-CoA transporter. We show that AT-1 regulates the acetylation status of ER-transiting proteins, including the membrane proteins BACE1, low-density lipoprotein receptor and amyloid precursor protein (APP). Finally, we show that AT-1 is essential for cell viability as its downregulation results in widespread cell death and induction of features characteristic of autophagy.
Polymer brush resist for responsive wettability (2009)

Well-defined polymer films which change their wettability in response to external stimuli are extensively used within the microelectronics industry, and are rapidly becoming equally beneficial in the field of microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip technologies. The fabrication of a self-contained polymer brush resist, by using the chemistry of surface initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) and photoacid generators (PAGs), and its subsequent responsive wettability will be the subject of this paper. Since UV light is used to trigger the responsive behaviour, spatially addressable patterning could be achieved, without the use of sacrificial layers, allowing for the formation of single films with regions of different wettabilities.
Thrombin receptor antagonists (1997)

The thrombin receptor and protease-activated receptor 2 (PAR-2) are the two currently known members of the large family of G protein-coupled receptors that are activated by proteases. Both receptors are located on cells in and around the vascular space, including platelets, endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, fibroblasts and some lymphocytes. This brief review summarizes current information on thrombin receptors and focuses on some of the issues that are relevant for ongoing efforts to develop thrombin receptor antagonists.
A combined procedure for optimization via simulation (2003)

We propose an optimization-via-simulation algorithm for use when the performance measure is estimated via a stochastic, discrete-event simulation, and the decision variables may be subject to deterministic linear integer constraints. Our approach-which consists of a global guidance system, a selection-of-the-best procedure, and local improvement-is globally convergent under very mild conditions.
Improved seed-based MR and CT image registration for prostate brachytherapy (2004)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2004.
Development-Related Effects of Recombinant Activin on Steroid Synthesis in Rat Granulosa Cells* (1991)

Activin is structurally related to polypeptide growth factors such as transforming-growth factor-beta, which may have paracrine and/or autocrine functions in the ovaries. We have investigated the action of activin on granulosa cell steroidogenesis in vitro in relation to preovulatory follicular development in vivo. Estrogen-primed immature female rats received no other treatment (nondifferentiated granulosa cells), treatment with ovine (o) FSH (differentiated granulosa cells), or treatment with oFSH followed by human (h) CG (preovulatory granulosa cells) to stimulate preovulatory follicular development. Granulosa cells were isolated and cultured in the presence and absence of recombinant human activin-A using serum-free medium supplemented with 1.0 microM testosterone as an aromatase substrate and hFSH, hLH, forskolin, or 8-bromo-cAMP to stimulate steroid synthesis in vitro. After 48 h, medium was collected for measurement of estradiol (aromatase activity), progesterone, and cAMP. Basal steroid synthesis in nondifferentiated granulosa cells was unaffected by activin, but both aromatase activity and progesterone production induced by treatment with FSH in vitro were dosedependently enhanced up to 10-fold by the presence of activin. FSH-stimulated cAMP production was not measurably altered by activin; however, steroidogenesis induced by forskolin or 8-bromo-cAMP was significantly enhanced by the factor. Thus the effect of activin on steroidogenesis includes action at a subcellular level(s) distal to the production of cAMP. After gonadotropin treatment in vivo, granulosa cell aromatase activity and progesterone production showed divergent responses to activin in vitro. Basal-, FSH-, and LH-stimulated aromatase activity were all enhanced by activin in cultures of differentiated and preovulatory granulosa cells. However, whereas basal progesterone production was stimulated by activin in cultures of differentiated granulosa cells, in preovulatory granulosa cells it was inhibited. Moreover, in vitro stimulation of progesterone production by treatment of both differentiated and preovulatory granulosa cells with FSH or LH was suppressed by the presence of activin. Thus rat granulosa cells display development-related steroidogenic responses to activin, aromatase production becoming enhanced and progesterone production suppressed as follicular maturation progresses. These results further implicate activin as a local modulator of granulosa cell steroid synthesis in the ovaries, although its functional significance has yet to be established.
Inhibition of ACTH action on cultured bovine adrenal cortical cells by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin through a redistribution of cholesterol. (1986)

The conversion of cholesterol to cortisol by cultured bovine adrenal cortical cells is stimulated 6-fold by adrenocorticotropin and is limited by the movement of cholesterol to the mitochondria (DiBartolomeis, M.J., and Jefcoate, C.R. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 10159-10167). Exposure of confluent cultures to the potent environmental toxicant, 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) (10(-8)M), for 24 h prior to adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) addition decreased the rate of ACTH-stimulated steroidogenesis but did not affect the basal rate. TCDD was more effective against stimulation at 10(-11) M ACTH (4-fold) than at 10(-7) M ACTH (10%), consistent with an increase in EC50 for ACTH. Stimulation of bovine adrenal cortical cells by cAMP was similarly decreased by TCDD. In both cases the effectiveness of TCDD increased with time of exposure to the stimulant. The transfer of cholesterol to mitochondria in intact cells was quantitated by means of the 2-h accumulation of mitochondrial cholesterol in the presence of aminoglutethimide, an inhibitor of cholesterol side chain cleavage. Although cholesterol accumulated in the presence of ACTH (13 to 28 micrograms/mg), pretreatment of cells with TCDD caused a decrease in mitochondrial cholesterol (13 to 8 micrograms/mg). The effect of TCDD was produced relatively rapidly (t1/2 approximately 4 h). In absence of TCDD, the mitochondria of ACTH-stimulated cells also eventually lose cholesterol (after 2 h). It is concluded that TCDD pretreatment may increase the presence of a protein(s) that cause mitochondrial cholesterol depletion when the cells are stimulated by ACTH or cAMP. TCDD-enhanced cholesterol efflux from mitochondria diminishes cholesterol side chain cleavage when mitochondrial cholesterol is sufficiently depleted (after 2-4 h).
Real-time ECG algorithms for ambulatory patient monitoring. (2005)

Brigham & Women's Hospital is designing a wireless monitoring system for patients on the waiting area of the Emergency Department. A real-time ECG algorithm is required to monitor and alert changes in patients that have not yet been admitted to the Emergency Room. For this purpose, three simple algorithms are compared in terms of processing time, beat detection accuracy and heart rate (HR) estimation. Varying amounts of noise were added to records from the MIT-BIH Arrhythmia Database [1] to mimic expected waiting room conditions. Some recommendations regarding selection of an algorithm and further processing of HR series are presented.
Growth and Ectomycorrhizal Development of Loblolly Pine Seedlings in Fumigated Soil Infested with the Fungal Symbiont Pisolithus tinctorius (1975)

Abstract Vegetative mycelium in a vermiculite-peat moss-nutrient medium and basidiospores of Pisolithus tinctorius were used to infest fumigated soil and synthesize ectomycorrhizae on over 4000 Pinus taeda seedlings in 36 nursery microplots. Soil mulches provided four soil temperature regimes with diurnal fluctuations between 19°C and 47°C. In all regimes, mycelial inoculum of P. tinctorius completely colonized roots of loblolly pine seedlings during an 8 mo growth period, formed ectomycorrhizae on approximately 92 percent of short roots, and stimulated twice as much dry matter production as in seedlings ectomycorrhizal with naturally occurring fungi, including Thelephora terrestris . When basidiospores of P. tinctorius were added to soil around 2-mo-old seedlings already ectomycorrhizal with naturally occurring fungi, approximately half the ectomycorrhizae after 8 mo were formed by P. tinctorius . Basidiocarps of P. tinctorius were produced around certain microplots. The following year, P. tinctorius from overwintered inoculum in the microplots formed ectomycorrhizae on loblolly pine seedlings when soil was mixed at ratios as great as 1:10 with recently fumigated soil. Vegetative mycelial and basidiospore inocula of P. tinctorius can be used to artificially infest fumigated soil to tailor pine seedlings with this highly beneficial ectomycorrhizal association. Forest Sci. 21:245-254.
Pythium insidiosum sp. nov., the etiologic agent of pythiosis (1987)

Pythium insidiosum sp. nov., the etiologic agent of pythiosis, a cosmopolitan disease of horses, cattle, and dogs, is described and illustrated.
Negative Influence of IL3 on the Expansion of Human Cord Blood <i>In Vivo</i> Long-Term Repopulating Stem Cells (2000)

Identification of culture conditions that support expansion or even long-term maintenance of in vivo repopulating human hematopoietic stem cells is still a major challenge. Using a combination of FLT3 ligand (FL), Stem Cell Factor (SCF), Thrombopoietin (TPO) and Interleukin 6 (IL6), we cultured cord blood (CB) CD34+ cells for up to 12 weeks and transplanted their progeny into sublethally irradiated NOD/SCID mice. Bone marrow engraftment was considered successful when recipients contained measurable numbers of human CD45+, CD71+ and Glycophorin A+(GpA) cells 8 weeks after transplantation. Twelve-week expanded cells with FL+SCF+TPO+IL6 successfully engrafted all of the recipients and human CD45(+)+CD71(+)+GpA(+) cells represented 4.3 to 22.4% of bone marrow. Substitution of IL6 with IL3 led to an even better expansion of cells and a similar clonogenic progenitor output in the first 8 weeks of culture; however, LTC-IC output increased up to week 6 and then decreased and disappeared. By contrast, with FL+SCF+TPO+IL6, LTC-IC kept increasing up to week 12. Four-week cultured cells with FL+SCF+TPO+IL3 less efficiently engrafted NOD/SCID mice, both as measured by frequency of positive recipients (4 out of 10) and percentage of engrafted human cells (< or =2%). Six-week expanded cells failed to engraft. This study provides evidence that many, but not all, of the so-called "early acting" cytokines, can sustain long-term maintenance and even expansion of human primitive in vivo repopulating stem cells. In particular, in the culture conditions used in this study, the presence of IL3 greatly reduces the repopulating potential of expanded CD34+ CB cells.
Physical refining of edible oils (2000)

Crude oils obtained by oilseed processing have to be refined before the consumption in order to remove undesirable accompanying substances. The traditional alkali refining is often replaced by physical refining in which the use of chemicals is reduced. The most widely used method is steam refining. The crude oil quality is very important in order to obtain high quality refined oil. Furthermore, the oil should be efficiently degummed to remove phospholipids as well as heavy metals and bleached to remove pigments. The most important step consists of the application of superheated steam under low pressure and at temperatures higher than 220 °C. Both free fatty acids and objectionable volatiles, formed by cleavage of lipid oxidation products, are removed. A disadvantage is the partial loss of tocopherols. Side reactions, particularly isomerization of polyunsaturated fatty acids, should be minimized. The quality of physically refined oil is close to that of alkali refined oils, but losses of neutral oil are lower and the environment is less polluted. Among other methods of physical refining the application of selective membranes is promising.
Protein-Based Salivary Profiles as Novel Biomarkers for Oral Diseases (2018)

The Global Burden of Oral Diseases affects 3.5 billion people worldwide, representing the number of people affected by the burden of untreated dental caries, severe periodontal disease, and edentulism. Thus, much more efforts in terms of diagnostics and treatments must be provided in the fight of these outcomes. In this sense, recently, the study of saliva as biological matrix has been identified as a new landmark initiative in the search of novel and useful biomarkers to prevent and diagnose these conditions. Specifically, saliva is a rich reservoir of different proteins and peptides and accessible due to recent advances in molecular biology and specially in targeted and unbiased proteomics technologies. Nonetheless, emerging barriers are an obstacle to the study of the salivary proteome in an effective way. This review aims at giving an overall perspective of salivary biomarkers identified in several oral diseases by means of molecular biology approaches.
Reciprocal co-regulation of EGR2 and MECP2 is disrupted in Rett syndrome and autism (2008)

Mutations in MECP2, encoding methyl-CpG-binding protein 2 (MeCP2), cause the neurodevelopmental disorder Rett syndrome (RTT). Although MECP2 mutations are rare in idiopathic autism, reduced MeCP2 levels are common in autism cortex. MeCP2 is critical for postnatal neuronal maturation and a modulator of activity-dependent genes such as Bdnf (brain-derived neurotropic factor) and JUNB. The activity-dependent early growth response gene 2 (EGR2), required for both early hindbrain development and mature neuronal function, has predicted binding sites in the promoters of several neurologically relevant genes including MECP2. Conversely, MeCP2 family members MBD1, MBD2 and MBD4 bind a methylated CpG island in an enhancer region located in EGR2 intron 1. This study was designed to test the hypothesis that MECP2 and EGR2 regulate each other's expression during neuronal maturation in postnatal brain development. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis showed EGR2 binding to the MECP2 promoter and MeCP2 binding to the enhancer region in EGR2 intron 1. Reduction in EGR2 and MeCP2 levels in cultured human neuroblastoma cells by RNA interference reciprocally reduced expression of both EGR2 and MECP2 and their protein products. Consistent with a role of MeCP2 in enhancing EGR2, Mecp2-deficient mouse cortex samples showed significantly reduced EGR2 by quantitative immunofluorescence. Furthermore, MeCP2 and EGR2 show coordinately increased levels during postnatal development of both mouse and human cortex. In contrast to age-matched Controls, RTT and autism postmortem cortex samples showed significant reduction in EGR2. Together, these data support a role of dysregulation of an activity-dependent EGR2/MeCP2 pathway in RTT and autism.
Iron-mediated cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of terminal alkynes with benzylic ethers and alkanes (2012)

Iron-mediated sp-sp<sup>3</sup> C–C bond formation through the cross dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) of terminal alkynes with benzylic ethers or alkanes has been developed. The inexpensive iron salt is used as the catalyst to make this transformation environmentally benign.
Silicon-Tethered Reactions (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSilicon-Tethered ReactionsMikael Bols and Troels SkrydstrupCite this: Chem. Rev. 1995, 95, 5, 1253–1277Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr00037a006https://doi.org/10.1021/cr00037a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2612Altmetric-Citations247LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Multiphoton Autofluorescence and Second-Harmonic Generation Imaging of the Ex Vivo Porcine Eye (2006)

Multiphoton autofluorescence and SHG microscopy have been demonstrated to be an effective technique for resolving, respectively, the cellular and collagen structures within the ocular surface of ex vivo porcine eyes. SHG imaging resolved the difference in structural orientations between corneal and sclera collagen fibers. Specifically, the corneal collagen is organized in a depth-dependent fashion, whereas the scleral collagen is randomly packed. Because this technique does not require histologic preparation procedures, it has the potential to be applied for in vivo studies with minimal disturbance to the eye.
High-speed noncontact profiler based on scanning white-light interferometry (1994)

We describe a system for fast three-dimensional profilometry, of both optically smooth and optically rough surfaces, based on scanning white-light techniques. The system utilizes an efficient algorithm to extract and save only the region of interference, substantially reducing both the acquisition and the analysis times. Rough and discontinuous surfaces can be profiled without the phase-ambiguity problems associated with conventional phase-shifting techniques. The system measures steps to 100 µm, scans a 10µLm range in 5 s, and has a smooth surface repeatability of 0.5 nm.
Bio-directed synthesis and assembly of nanomaterials (2008)

This tutorial review provides an overview of bio-directed synthesis of nanomaterials, starting with the foundation of biomineralization research--how organisms are able to biomineralize materials in vivo--and progressing to studies of biomineralization in vitro. This research is of interest to biologists, chemists and materials scientists alike, especially in light of efforts to find 'greener' methods of inorganic material synthesis. Examples of applications of nanomaterials synthesized by these methods are provided to demonstrate the end goals of biomineralization research.
Coenzyme Properties of NAD<sup>+</sup> Bound to Different Matrices through the Amino Group in the 6‐Position (1976)

A method for the synthesis of N6-(2-aminoethyl)-NAD+ is given. The binding of this NAD+ derivative to different soluble and insoluble supports and the direct coupling of NAD+ to epoxyactivated Sepharose are described. Proofs are given that NAD+ is bound through the amino group in 6- position and the NAD+ derivative through the aliphatic amino group of the side chain. Non-enzymic reduction of the bound coenzyme to an almost quantitative extent is possible in all cases, but the enzymic reduction is largely influenced by the support. While N6-(2-aminoethyl)-NAD+ coupled to soluble dextran is nearly completely reducible by different dehydrogenases with a velocity of about 40% of that for free NAD+, the coenzyme bound to different insoluble matrices is very slowly reduced. Only 5% of the coenzyme derivative bound to BrCN-activated Sepharose are reducible, but 40% when it is bound through a spacer. From capacity determinations evidence is given that, even in this coenzyme gel, only those coenzyme molecules are useful in affinity chromatography which are on the surface of the gel grains; it is supposed that this may be due to the slow diffusion of an enzyme into the inner parts of an affinity gel.