gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Adaptability of a Hybrid Route Choice Model to Incorporating Driver Behavior Dynamics Under Information Provision (2004)

This paper proposes a seamless framework to incorporate the day-to-day and within-day dynamics of driver route choice decisions under real-time information provision by adapting a hybrid probabilistic-possibilistic model previously developed by the authors. The day-to-day dynamics are captured through the update of driver perception and route choice rules based on the current day's experience. The within-day dynamics are captured through the en-route adjustment of the weights of the driver route choice rules in response to situational factors. Experiments are conducted to analyze the model's ability to capture driver behavior dynamics, and the associated prediction accuracy. The results suggest that the framework can reflect the evolution of driver route choice behavior over time, and adapt to the within-day variability in ambient driving conditions. This is illustrated by its ability to capture phenomena such as inertia, compliance, delusion, freezing, and perception update under information provision, in addition to the effects of familiarity and route complexity. In the within-day context, the results highlight the sensitivity to the situational factors unfolding in real-time. The results also illustrate the better prediction power of the hybrid model compared to that of a traditional multinomial probit model; however, this gap reduces with increasing heterogeneity in driver behavioral class fractions. Elsewhere, the authors show that the proposed framework can be used to predict the ambient driver class fractions, thereby addressing a key deployment limitation of existing dynamic network models for real-time traffic control through route guidance.
Selective Michael additions to alkylidenemalonates using thiourea-based bifunctional organocatalysts (2013)

Bifunctional thiourea catalysts have been found to be excellent promoters of the challenging Michael addition to alkylidenemalonates giving high yields of up to 99%. Substrate structure was important for enantiodiscrimination, with aryl alkylidenemalonate acceptors furnishing products with ee values of up to 73%.
A new detection method for capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (2001)

Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (cMUT) have become an alternative to piezoelectric transducers in the past few years. They consist of many small circular membranes that are connected in parallel. In this work, we report a new detection method for cMUTs. We model the membranes as capacitors and the interconnections between the membranes as inductors. This kind of LC network is called an artificial transmission line. The vibrations of the membranes modulate the electrical length of the transmission line, which is proportional to the frequency of the signal through it. By measuring the electrical length of the artificial line at a high RF frequency (in the gigahertz range), the vibrations of the membranes can be detected in a very sensitive manner. For the devices we measured, we calculated the minimum detectable displacement to be in the order of 10(-5) A/square root of Hz with a possible improvement to 10(-7) A/square root of Hz.
Duplicate Management for Reference Data (2004)

requests. After outside publication, requests should be filled only by reprints or legally obtained copies of the article (e.g., payment of royalties). Copies may be requested from IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, P.
High Q inductors for wireless applications in a complementary silicon bipolar process (2002)

Rectangular spiral inductors with Q's as high as 12 have been built in a high-speed complementary bipolar process and characterized for use in wireless applications. An accurate broadband model has been developed for the inductors, and a test filter and mixer have been built to verify the performance of the inductors and the accuracy of the model.
Web-based GIS System for Real-time Field Data Collection Using Personal Mobile Phone (2011)

Recently, use of mobile communicational devices in field data collection is increasing such as smart phones and cellular phones due to emergence of embedded Global Position System GPS and Wi-Fi Internet access. Accurate timely and handy field data collection is required for disaster management and emergency quick responses. In this article, we introduce web-based GIS system to collect the field data by personal mobile phone through Post Office Protocol POP3 mail server. The main objective of this work is to demonstrate real-time field data collection method to the students using their mobile phone to collect field data by timely and handy manners, either individual or group survey in local or global scale research.
177. The protein distribution in normal and abnormal milk (1938)

The N distribution in terms of casein, albumin, globulin, proteose-peptone, and non-protein N is given for a number of samples of normal milk, of milk from cows with mastitis, and of milk persistently low in solids-not-fat content. Improved methods of determination have been used. The average N distribution in normal milk is as follows: casein N 78·5, albumin N 9·2, globulin N 3·3, proteose-peptone N 4·0 and non-protein N 5·0% of the total N. The casein N figure is the least variable, ranging from 77·3 to 80·7. On this basis, normal milk contains, as an average: casein 2·63, albumin 0·31, globulin 0·11, and proteose-peptone substances 0·13%. The total protein content is 3·18%, and the casein: albumin: proteose-peptone: globulin ratios are 23·8: 2·8: 1·2: 1·0. The milk from cows with clinical mastitis is low in solids-not-fat content, and characterized by a decreased content of casein and an increased content of albumin, globulin, and proteose-peptone substances, particularly of globulin. The milk samples of low solids-not-fat content were of normal appearance and reaction, and produced by apparently healthy cows known to have yielded milk of low solids-not-fat content for some time. The samples were examined by strict bacteriological methods for the presence of mastitis streptococci, and formed two distinct groups: (1) samples from cows with subclinical mastitis, having the protein distribution of the mastitis samples described above, the cause of the low solids-not-fat being pathological; and (2) samples from uninfected cows, having the protein distribution of normal milk, the cause of the low solids-not-fat being physiological. The two groups of low solids-not-fat cases are discussed, and the conclusion drawn that subclinical mastitis may account for a large proportion of these widespread and puzzling cases. Many cases of mild subclinical mastitis cannot be detected by the simple chemical tests which will reveal pronounced infection, and satisfactory bacteriological tests, when available, demand much skill and time. For the detection of milk from cows with subclinical mastitis, and for the differentiation of milk samples with pathological and physiological low solids-not-fat, the solids-not-fat, the figure is suggested, and the advantage of this “casein number” is illustrated.
Chemical modification of unsaturated polyesters influence of polyester's structure on thermal and viscoelastic properties of low styrene content copolymers (2009)

Abstract In this study, the chemical modification of unsaturated polyesters and the influence of polyester's structure on thermal and viscoelastic properties have been presented. The structure of unsaturated polyesters obtained in polycondensation of cyclohex‐4‐ene‐1,2‐dicarboxylic anhydride (THPA), maleic anhydride and only one suitable symmetrical glycol: ethylene glycol or 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) or 1,6‐hexanediol has been modified by peracetic acid. The selective oxidation of unsaturated polyesters conducted in mild time and temperature conditions was a successful and effective method to prepare new materials/unsaturated epoxy polyesters/containing epoxy groups in cycloaliphatic rings and carbon–carbon double bonds in polyester chain. The unsaturated epoxy polyesters were capable of both copolymerization with vinyl monomer and polyaddition reactions with suitable curing agent. Therefore, they were successfully used as a component of low styrene content copolymers. As was confirmed by DSC, DMA, and TGA analyses, polyester's structure had significant influence on thermal and viscoelastic properties of styrene copolymers. The properties of styrene copolymers prepared from unsaturated epoxy polyesters were considerably better compared with those obtained for styrene copolymers from unsaturated polyesters.© 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009
Compressibility of Two-Dimensional Cavities of Various Shapes (1986)

Muskhelishvili-Kolosov complex stress functions are used to find the stresses and displacements around two-dimensional cavities under plane strain or plane stress. The boundary conditions considered are either uniform pressure at the cavity surface with vanishing stresses at infinity, or a traction-free cavity surface with uniform biaxial compression at infinity. A closed-form solution is obtained for the case where the mapping function from the interior of the unit circle to the region outside of the cavity has a finite number of terms. The area change of the cavity due to hydrostatic compression at infinity is examined for a variety of shapes, and is found to correlate closely with the square of the perimeter of the hole.
Biologically Augmented Core Decompression for the Treatment of Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head (2001)

Many patients have had excellent therapeutic results with core decompression for osteonecrosis of the femoral head. However, this experience has not been uniform and shows considerable variability in both clinical and radiographic results that have been reported. Additionally, it is now apparent that core decompression has minimal usefulness in Ficat III lesions presenting with or without collapse. A variety of techniques have been examined to reduce the variability and extent the range of core decompression. These techniques collectively seek to enhance bone formation and/or decrease bone resorption with the goal of maintaining structural integrity of the femoral head and preventing segmental collapse. This review describes some of these efforts with bone grafts, demineralized bone matrix, bone morphogenic proteins, and electric and electromagnetic fields. Our personal experience with demineralized bone matrix and electromagnetic stimulation is described. These techniques use core decompression as a portal to the necrotic zone in the femoral head for the introduction of materials, devices, and techniques by which bone formation may be stimulated.
Multicolor 3D Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization for Imaging Interphase Chromosomes (2008)

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) of specific DNA probes has become a widely used technique mostly for chromosome analysis and for studies of the chromosomal location of specific DNA segments in metaphase preparations as well as in interphase nuclei. FISH on 3D-preserved nuclei (3D-FISH) in combination with 3D-microscopy and image reconstruction is an efficient tool to analyze the spatial arrangement of targeted DNA sequences in the nucleus. Recent developments of a "new generation" of confocal microscopes that allow the distinct visualization of at least five different fluorochromes within one experiment opened the way for multicolor 3D-FISH experiments. Thus, numerous differently labeled nuclear targets can be delineated simultaneously and their spatial interrelationships can be analyzed on the level of individual nuclei.In this chapter, we provide protocols for the preparation of complex DNA-probe sets suitable for 3D-FISH with up to six different fluorochromes, for 3D-FISH on cultured mammalian cells (growing in suspension or adherently) as well as on tissue sections, and for 3D immuno-FISH.In comparison with FISH on metaphase chromosomes and conventional interphase cytogenetics, FISH on 3D-preserved nuclei requires special demands with regard to probe quality, fixation, and pretreatment steps of cells in order to achieve the two goals, namely the best possible preservation of the nuclear structure and at the same time an efficient probe accessibility.
Evaluation of clinical safety and beneficial effects of a fish oil containing lipid emulsion (Lipoplus, MLF541): Data from a prospective, randomized, multicenter trial* (2007)

Our findings indicate that the administration of Lipoplus in the postoperative period after major abdominal surgery is safe and results in a significantly shorter length of hospital stay. Administration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in the postoperative period can be considered a valuable choice for patients requiring parenteral nutrition after major abdominal surgery.
Wide‐viewing‐angle display mode for active‐matrix LCDs using a bend‐alignment liquid‐crystal cell (1995)

Abstract— The display quality of active‐matrix LCDs has been greatly improved. However, the problem of narrow viewing angle has not yet been sufficiently solved. In order to solve this problem, a new LCD comprised of a bend‐alignment LCD cell with an optical compensator was designed. The improvement is shown by theoretical and experimental analysis.
A programmable medical data acquisition system chip (2003)

A medical data acquisition system chip has been integrated using a BiMOS (bipolar metal-oxide semiconductor) process. This chip integrates a low-noise bipolar instrumentation amplifier, a programmable switched-capacitor notch filter, an 11-bit ADC (analog-to-digital converter), a 7-bit DAC, and an asynchronous serial interface. Biomedical signals such as ECG (electrocardiogram), EEG (electroencephalogram), invasive blood pressure, temperature, respiration, and cardiac output are picked up by transducers, probes, and electrodes. Typical signal levels are 50 mu Vp-p for the EEG and 1 mV p-p for the ECG. These low level biological signals are converted into voltages or currents.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Photo-autotrophic Production of Poly(hydroxyalkanoates) in Cyanobacteria (2015)

Acetate was added as an inducer for the PHA-synthesis pathway, not as a carbon
MULTIPLE COMPARISON PROCEDURES UPDATED (1998)

1. A common statistical flaw in articles submitted to or published in biomedical research journals is to test multiple null hypotheses that originate from the results of a single experiment without correcting for the inflated risk of type 1 error (false positive statistical inference) that results from this. Multiple comparison procedures (MCP) are designed to minimize this risk. The present review focuses on pairwise contrasts, the most common sort of multiple comparisons made by biomedical investigators. 2. In an earlier review a variety of MCP were described and evaluated. It was concluded that an effective MCP should control the risk of family-wise type 1 error, so as to ensure that not more than one hypothesis within a single family is falsely rejected. One-step procedures based on the Bonferroni or Sidák inequalities do this. For continuous data and under normal distribution theory, so does the Tukey-Kramer procedure for all possible pairwise contrasts of means and the Dunnett procedure for all possible pairwise contrasts of means with a control mean. 3. There is now a new class of MCP, based on the Bonferroni or Sidák inequalities but performed in a step-wise fashion. The members of this class have certain desirable properties. They: (i) control the family-wise type 1 error rate as effectively as the one-step procedures; (ii) are more powerful than the one-step Bonferroni or Sidák procedures, especially when hypotheses are logically related; and (iii) can be applied not only to continuous data but also to ordinal or categorical data. 4. Of the new step-wise MCP, Holm's step-down procedures are commended for their combination of accuracy, power and versatility. They also have the virtue of simplicity. Given the raw P values that result from conventional tests of significance, the adjustments for multiple comparisons can be made by hand or hand-held calculator. 5. Despite the corrective abilities of the new step-wise MCP, investigators should try to design their experiments and analyses to test a single, global hypothesis rather than multiple ones.
An Optimal Nonlinear Detector for Digital Data Transmission Through Non-Gaussian Channels (1966)

The problem of binary synchronous communication in additive non-Gaussian noise is considered. It is shown that, for a class of additive noises, an optimal detector consists of a two-input nonlinear device followed by an integrator and decision box. This system suppresses large excursions from the signal level in an optimal manner before integration of the received signal, so that the effects of large amplitude noise waveforms on the signal decision are minimized. Asymptotic performance characteristics are obtained indicating the relationships between the basic system parameters, signaling waveforms, signal energy, system bandwidth, decision time, noise dispersion, and error probability. Explicit expressions and curves for system performance in large variance (Cauchy distributed) noise are given for various basic signaling waveforms.
A fast and efficient FPGA-based implementation for solving a system of linear interval equations (2006)

This paper addresses the problem of solving a system of linear interval equations (an NP-hard problem), wherein the co-efficients on the LHS and the RHS are all represented using intervals. This problem is transformed into a global optimization problem and a modified branch and bound algorithm suited for an FPGA-based implementation is proposed. This algorithm is modified to extract parallelism and further speed-up is achieved by pipelining the implementation. The implementation was designed using Xilinx 1SE 6.1 and VHDL was the design entry language. A speed-up of 14 for a Xilinx Virtex 2P30 FPGA over a 1.5 GHz Intel Centrino processor based implementation was obtained.
Knowledge ‘transfer’ as sociocultural and sociomaterial practice (2020)

Research on migration and knowledge transfer predominantly focuses on expatriate and return migrants, who are acclaimed for transferring knowledge from the west to the rest of the world. Not only does the literature reinforce the west as the epistemic centre, but it conjures a realist image of knowledge as an objective thing. To interrupt these images, this paper examines the knowledge transfer experiences of 22 immigrant engineers in Canada. Theoretically, it posits knowledge transfer as an effect of immigrants’ enrolment in sociocultural and sociomaterial practices within professions. Empirically, it pinpoints three ways in which immigrants help expand engineering practices, i.e., assembling knowledge, mobilizing the capacity of learning to learn, and negotiating being and becoming. The process of transfer, as accounted by research respondents, is enabled through access to epistemic and boundary objects, reception of peer professionals, and the rise of (niche) needs. The paper draws on a narrative case study.
Configuring a seismographic network for optimal monitoring of fault lines and multiple sources (1995)

Abstract The geometric configuration of a seismographic network has important consequences for the ability to determine hypocenters with high precision. We present a method for optimal configuration when the network must monitor a system of faults. Our optimality criterion is drawn from the statistical theory of experimental design and can be effeciently maximized using an extension of the DETMAX algorithm. Our work generalizes that of Rabinowitz and Steinberg (1990), which treated the problem of optimal network configuration for monitoring a point source.
Characterization of autohydrolysis aspen (<i>P</i>. <i>tremuloides</i>) lignins. Part 3. Infrared and ultraviolet studies of extracted autohydrolysis lignin (1979)

Infrared and ultraviolet studies of the lignins extracted from extractive-free aspen wood meal after autohydrolysis at 195 °C for periods varying from 5 min to 2 h indicated that these lignins were functionally modified and different from aspen milled wood lignin. The extracted lignins changed from a guaiacyl–syringyl type lignin to a syringyl-deficient type lignin with increasing autohydrolysis time. Extracted lignins were also observed to contain unconjugated β-ketone groups and conjugated carboxylic acid groups. It is proposed that the unconjugated β-ketone groups resulted from the depolymerization reactions of the lignin macromolecule under acidic conditions which formed monomeric, dimeric, and oligomeric/polymeric lignin fragments with Hibbert's ketone side chains. The conjugated carboxylic acid group observed to be present was attributed to p-hydroxybenzoic acid. p-Hydroxybenzoic acid has been postulated as contributing to the extractability of aspen lignin by acting as a blocking agent in the repolymerization of lignin fragments to form insoluble lignin.
SafeSMS - End-to-end encryption for SMS messages (2005)

Our main contribution is confidentiality, in- tegrity and authentication in SMS (Short Message Services). We will show how to send, receive, and store text messages securely with a mobile phone without any additional hard- ware. Also, we will show how to authenticate the sender of a message and how to ensure that the message has not been tampered with. Programming language Java is used for the realization of our goals. This paper describes the application solution, while details for the encryption methods are described in the referenced articles.
Passive immunoprophylaxis with specific monoclonal antibody confers partial protection against Pneumocystis carinii pneumonitis in animal models. (1988)

Pneumocystis carinii is an important cause of pneumonitis in the immunosuppressed host. Little is known, however, about the biology of this organism. This report demonstrates that a MAb, M5E12, previously shown to be directed against a surface antigen that is present on rat-, rabbit-, ferret-, and human-derived P. carinii, is capable of hindering the development of P. carinii pneumonitis in animal models of this infection when administered throughout the period of immunosuppression. It appears that MAb M5E12 thus has identified a surface antigen of P. carinii that is important in host-parasite interactions.
Alpha-blockers for the treatment of prostatitis-like syndromes. (2006)

Prostatitis is a common medical diagnosis. The etiology of this symptomatic syndrome can be an acute or chronic bacterial infection, a noninfectious initiator (the most common cause), or iatrogenic heat or radiation; the syndrome may coexist with benign prostatic hyperplasia. Alpha-blockers have a role in the treatment of the prostatitis syndromes. In Category I, acute bacterial prostatitis, alpha-blockers have been shown to possibly ameliorate obstructive and irritative voiding symptoms. In Category II, chronic bacterial prostatitis, alpha-blockers seem to reduce the risk of clinical and bacteriological recurrence. In Category III, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, alpha-blockers improve symptoms and quality of life. Alpha-blockers also seem to ameliorate the symptoms and reduce the risk of acute urinary retention in patients who suffer from either heat- or radiation-induced prostatic inflammation. Alpha-blockers improve lower urinary tract symptoms, including pain, in patients who are diagnosed with both prostatitis and benign prostatic hyperplasia. Evidence has proven there is definitely a role for alpha-blockers in the management of the prostatitis syndromes.