gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Down-regulation of the afferent phase of T cell-mediated pulmonary inflammation and immunity by a high melanin-producing strain of Cryptococcus neoformans (1995)

The interaction(s) between cryptococcal virulence factors and leukocytes involved in generating protective cell-mediated immunity is not well defined. Intratracheal inoculation of Cryptococcus neoformans strain 52 induced a vigorous T cell-mediated pulmonary inflammatory response that controlled the growth of the organism. In contrast, strain 145 induced a pulmonary inflammatory response that was delayed in onset, slower to develop, and ineffective in controlling the infection. In addition, the expansion of cryptococcus-specific lymphocytes in the pulmonary lymph nodes and titer of specific Abs in the serum of strain 145-infected mice were both diminished markedly. Of the known cryptococcal virulence factors, these two strains differed only in melanin production (52-low and 145-high). Heat-killed strain 145 cryptococci (HKC-145) that had been rendered melanin-negative induced TNF-alpha production by alveolar macrophages in vitro and stimulated vigorous cryptococcus-specific lymphoproliferation. In contrast, high melanin-containing HKC-145 inhibited TNF-alpha production and lymphoproliferation. In vivo, mice infected with melanin low strain 52, but not melanin high strain 145, had elevated levels of TNF-alpha in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mice co-infected with strains 145 and 52 generated a pulmonary inflammatory response resulting in increased long-term survival. Taken together, these studies demonstrate that melanin does not protect cryptococci from being eliminated in vivo by recruited, activated effector cells; but melanin can inhibit the recognition of the organism by host defenses, thereby down-regulating the afferent phase of T cell-mediated immunity, e.g., TNF-alpha production and lymphoproliferation.
The Role of Cyclin-Dependent Kinases in T-Cell Development, Proliferation, and Function (2006)

The transit of T lymphocytes through the cell cycle in response to extracellular signals is controlled in large part by the ordered expression and degradation of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases and their negative regulators, the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors. This review outlines findings that have provided insights into how T lymphocytes integrate signals from their antigen, costimulatory, and cytokine receptors to drive cell cycle progression and discusses how the coordinated activities of these families of proteins influence multiple aspects of T-cell function, from thymic development and peripheral homeostasis to antigen-driven responses and the induction of T-cell memory and tolerance.
Synthesis of Uniquely Branched Polyethylene by Anilinonaphthoquinone Ligated Nickel Complex Activated with Tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (2006)

Abstract Summary: A novel nickel complex ligated with 2‐(2,6‐diisopropylanilino)‐1,4‐naphthoquinone ( 1 ) was synthesized. The molecular structure of 1 determined by X‐ray analysis was a square‐planar geometry. Complex 1 conducted ethylene polymerization at 40 °C in a low activity to give linear polyethylene. On the other hand, 1 activated with 4 eq. of B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 was highly active for ethylene polymerization and gave a polymer possessing short chain branches of methyl, ethyl and propyl groups formed by a chain walking mechanism, as well as long chain branches, of which the content was almost the same as the total content of short chain branches. These results suggest that the macromonomer formed via β ‐hydride elimination should have effectively copolymerized with ethylene to give the long chain branches in the B(C 6 F 5 ) 3 ‐activated system. magnified image
Synthetic Strategies for Controlling the Morphology of Proton Conducting Polymer Membranes (2004)

Abstract The nanostructure and morphology of proton conducting polymers is of considerable interest in the search for next generation materials and optimization of existing ones. Synthetic methodologies for tailoring molecular structures that promote nanoscopic phase separation of ionic and non‐ionic domains, and the effect of phase separation on parameters such as proton conductivity, are considered. Rather than distinguish proton conducting polymers according to chemical class, they are categorized under sub‐headings of random, block, and graft copolymers. The synthetic methodology available to access archetypal polymer structures is dependent on the nature of the monomers and restrictive compared to conventional non‐ionic polymer systems. Irrespective of the methodology, ionic aggregation and phase separation are consistently found to play an important role in the proton conductivity of low ion exchange capacity ( IEC ) membranes, but less of a role in high IEC membranes. Significant research is required to further develop relationships between polymer architecture, morphology, and electrolytic properties.
A V<sub>H</sub> gene is located within 95 Kb of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes (1988)

Using cosmids covering about 117 Kb upstream of the human immunoglobulin chain C mu gene, we have identified a potentially functional VH gene, belonging to the VHVI subgroup. This VHVI gene is only about 95 Kb from the C mu gene and is probably the first functional VH segment of the Igh locus. These results illustrate the proximity of the human VH, DH and JH segments involved in creation of the complete heavy chain genes.
Racemization of Vinylglycolate Catalyzed by Mandelate Racemase (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRacemization of Vinylglycolate Catalyzed by Mandelate RacemaseRongshi Li, Vincent M. Powers, John W. Kozarich, and George L. KenyonCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1995, 60, 11, 3347–3351Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00116a017https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00116a017research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views576Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Serotonin and Serotonin Antagonism in Cardiovascular and Non‐Cardiovascular Disease (1995)

Serotonin, or 5‐hydroxytryptamine, is a naturally‐occurring vasoactive substance found primarily in the brain, enterochromaffin tissue, and blood platelets. It has diffuse cardiophysiologic effects. The multiple effects of serotonin on blood vessels can be explained by the existence of 2 serotonergic receptor subtypes (the S 1 receptor mediates vasodilation, and the S 2 receptor vasoconstriction). Serotonin via the S 2 receptor also augments the actions of several other vasoconstricting substances. Serotonin may be responsible for causing, or at least perpetuating, some forms of systemic hypertension through peripheral and central nervous system (CNS) actions. Ketanserin is a highly selective S 2 ‐serotonergic antagonist with additional α‐adrenergic blocking activity, which has been proposed as a therapy for various cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. It has been shown to be more effective than placebo in treating hypertension and comparable in effectiveness to other antihypertensive drugs. Its major side effects relate to the CNS, and prolongation of the electrocardiogram QT interval has been described. Caution must be used when using ketanserin in patients receiving potassium‐ and magnesium‐losing agents, because of the risk of torsades de pointes. Ketanserin has potential utility in the treatment of eclampsia, peripheral vascular disease, carcinoid syndrome, and “shock lung.” The drug is not yet approved for clinical use in the United States.
Procyanidins (Condensed Tannins) in Green Cell Suspension Cultures of Douglas Fir Compared with Those in Strawberry and Avocado Leaves by Means of C<sub>18</sub>-Reversed-phase Chromatography (1980)

The procyanidins (the most common type of proanthocyanidin or condensed tannin) from cell suspension cultures derived from cotyledons of Douglas Fir have been compared with those isolated from leaves of strawberry and avocado. Seventy per cent methanol (v/v) extracts from 100 milligrams fresh weight samples were analyzed by a combination of C(18)-reversed-phase columns with high-performance liquid chromatography, and normal phase paper chromatography. (-)-Epicatechin and its oligomers were generally retarded longer on C(18) columns than the corresponding units made of (+)-catechin when eluted with solvents made up of 5% acetic acid alone or mixed with methanol up to 15% (v/v). Douglas fir preparations contained the most complex set of procyanidins and consisted of oligomers of catechin and epicatechin, whereas strawberry and avocado contained mainly (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin derivatives, respectively.
Radiocesium Concentrations in Wild Mushrooms and Characteristics of Cesium Accumulation by the Edible Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus). (2000)

Mushrooms collected from a sub-alpine forest of Mt. Fuji and some other locations in Japan in 1996 were analyzed for radiocesium. The 137Cs concentrations in 37 mushrooms varied widely from 1.6 to 783 Bq kg -1 fresh wt. The characteristics of Cs accumulation were analyzed by culturing fruiting bodies of the edible mushroom Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kummer Y-1 (P. ostreatus Y-1). The 137Cs and stable Cs accumulation expressed as the concentration ratio (CR, 137Cs or Cs concentration in the dried fruiting body / 137Cs or Cs concentration in the fresh medium) were in good agreement, indicating similar migration. The CR of Cs grown on medium containing both 0.1% Cs and 0.1% K, 10.2, showed a decrease of about 30 percent as compared with that containing 0.1% Cs only. These CR values suggested that Cs accumulation by the fruiting bodies of P. ostreatus Y-1 is affected by the presence of K similarly to previous observations in the mycelia. The 133Cs-NMR spectra from the fruiting bodies of P.ostreatus Y-1 showed two resonance signals, whereas those from the media after harvesting of fruiting bodies showed only one signal. Just before growth of the fruiting bodies, bunches consisting of many mycelia were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). No significant differences in the elemental distribution (Cs, K, P and C) were detected in the mycelium surface by SEM equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray microanalyzer.
Gemcitabine Treatment in Pretreated Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Experience in 44 Patients (2000)

The results of the present phase II study show activity of gemcitabine as a single agent in patients with pretreated cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Further studies that use gemcitabine alone or in combination with other drugs in earlier stages of the disease are needed.
Structure and Characterization of CI<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>[Al{OC(CF<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>}<sub>4</sub>]<sup>−</sup>; Lewis Acidities of CX<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>and BX<sub>3</sub> (2003)

Where is the charge? The positive charge of the CI3+ ion in CI3+[Al{OC(CF3)3}4]− is located exclusively on the I atoms (see resonance structures B–D), and not on the formal carbenium center A. According to calculations and experimental findings, the Lewis acidity of the CX3+ homologues (X=F–I) versus fluoride is reversed in comparison to that of the isoelectronic boron halides BX3, and decreases from CF3+ to CI3+.
Spray Cooling Under Reduced Gravity Condition (2000)

The present paper reports on the results of a series of authors’ parabolic flight experiments on spray cooling in addition to ground-based experiments in which the influence of heater orientation and the behavior of rebounded droplets were especially studied in detail. Water and FC-72 (perfluorocarbon) were employed alternatively as a test liquid sprayed from a single full-cone nozzle onto a Cr-plated surface of an electrically heated copper block for transient cooling experiments or onto a transparent ITO (indium tin oxide) coated surface of a glass block for steady state experiments in a relatively low superheat region. Each experimental run was accomplished within some 15 sec through which a stable reduced gravity condition (0.01 times the terrestrial gravity) was maintained in the aircraft. Cooling curves were obtained over a wide range of each of the following parameters: the wall superheat, the spray volume flux and the Weber number for the spray droplets. It is demonstrated that the gravity dependency of the spray cooling characteristics varies with the spray volume flux and the droplet Weber number. Qualitative interpretations of the observed gravity dependency are provided.
[Molecular biological detection of tissues of central nervous system in meat products]. (2004)

In principle, molecular biological methods can be used for the detection of specified risk material (SRM) in meat products. We were able to identify suitable target mRNAs for the marker proteins glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and myelin basic protein (MBP) of tissues of the central nervous system (CNS). The selected primers for GFAP ("GFAP87") and MBP ("MBP51") facilitated the detection of CNS in non-heated and heated standards of emulsion type (and raw) sausages with defined addition of brain by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Stability of the mRNA proved to be given over a minimum of 48 hours. First results indicate an even higher stability of the target mRNAs over time and an ample stability against meat technological influences such as storage, temperature, and ripening. RT-PCR with GFAP87 facilitates the detection of CNS of all relevant slaughter animals in meat products. Thus it can be applied in food labeling control. Using RT-PCR and MBP51 as primer we were able to detect selectively the CNS of bovines, ovines and caprines but not CNS of porcines and poultry. Thus we have a second RT-PCR detection procedure for CNS in meat products which, however, yields results equivalent to the legal definition of SRM. The further development of these molecular biological methods would be of considerable importance for routine food control and reduction of human TSE-exposure risk.
Investigation of Adaptive Control Approaches for Vehicle Active Suspension Systems (1991)

A nonlinear Self-Tuning Control (STC) scheme for the nonlinear vehicle active suspension system is investigated and analyzed as an alternative suspension control methodology. The result of the nonlinear STC approach is compared with the linear STC and the model reference adaptive control (MRAC) schemes. The objective of these adaptive control active suspension systems (ACASS) is to tune the controller of the active suspension system automatically such that vehicle disturbance and vibration are reduced to a prespecified level determined by an "ideal" conceptual suspension system. Thus, an ACASS can accommodate for variances in sprung load and suspension component characteristics. The design and performance analysis of a nonlinear STC suspension system is based on a quarter-car model. Our results show significant improvement in the road handling performance of a high-speed vehicle with the STC active suspension system.
Samarium and manganese-doped lead titanate ceramic fiber/epoxy 1-3 composite for high-frequency transducer application (2003)

Samarium- (Sm) and manganese- (Mn) doped lead titanate ceramic fibers with a diameter of 35 microm were prepared using a sol-gel method. The X-ray diffraction pattern shows that the fibers have a pure perovskite structure. The 1-3 composite disks with a thickness of 31-41 microm and with ceramic volume fraction of approximately 0.68 have been prepared using the samarium and manganese doped lead titanate (PSmT) fibers. The resonance characteristics of the poled composite disks were measured. A focused transducer was fabricated using a concave 1-3 composite disk with nonuniform thickness in order to enhance its bandwidth. The insertion loss (IL), pulse-echo response and frequency spectrum of the composite transducer were measured. The center frequency of the transducer was approximately 31 MHz with a -3 dB bandwidth of approximately 123% and a low IL of 29.3 dB.
Abscisic Acid and the Maturation of Cacao Embryos <i>in Vitro</i> (1992)

Abscisic acid (ABA) was tested for its ability to affect development of immature zygotic embryos of cacao (Theobroma cacao) in vitro, by adding exogenous ABA, fluridone, or mefluidide to cultured embryos. Endogenous ABA levels, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, were increased by exogenous ABA or by culture on sucrose increasing to 21%, and were decreased by fluridone and, to a lesser extent, by mefluidide. The effects of these on maturation were measured as effects on anthocyanins, lipids, and fatty acid saturation, all of which increase with maturation of the cacao embryo. Maturation was stimulated by increasing sucrose and, to a lesser degree, the addition of ABA, but decreasing endogenous ABA by treating with fluridone significantly inhibited all maturation parameters. Although desiccation tolerance does not develop in cacao embryos, these results suggest that ABA and sucrose are both needed for the initiation of events associated with maturation in vitro.
Low cost 65nm CMOS platform for Low Power &amp; General Purpose applications (2004)

A 65nm CMOS platform employing General Purpose (GP) and Low Power (LP) devices and 0.5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ 6T-SRAM bit-cells was developed using both conventional design and low cost CMOS process flow incorporating a strained silicon solution. Fully working 0.5 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ bit-cells with 240mV of SNM and 35 /spl mu/A of cell current at 1.2V operation were obtained. The GP transistor drive currents of 875 /spl mu/A/ /spl mu/m and 400 /spl mu/A/ /spl mu/m for NMOS and PMOS respectively are obtained at V/sub dd/ = 1V, Ioff = 100nA/um. Using the same CMOS flow, 65nm analog transistor parameters are derived for the first time, showing Vt matching (Avt=2.2mV. /spl mu/m) and analog voltage gain factor (G/sub m//G/sub d/>2000 for L = 10 /spl mu/m) at the leading edge for this process technology. NBTI criteria at 125/spl deg/C for both LP and GP transistors are presented and characterized at overdrive conditions.
Energy-saving adaptive robust motion control of single-rod hydraulic cylinders with programmable valves (2002)

This paper studies the energy-saving adaptive robust motion control of a single-rod hydraulic cylinder through the use of programmable valves. The programmable valve used in this study is a unique combination of five proportional cartridge valves connected in such a way that the meter-in and meter-out flows can be independently controlled by four of the valves as well as a true cross port flow controlled by the fifth valve. The programmable valve decouples the meter-in and meter-out flows which in turn allows tremendous control flexibility. Although at the expense of controller complexity, if well utilized, the added control flexibility can be used to significantly reduce the fluid power energy usage in a number of motion and loading conditions to meet society's need for energy conservation without sacrificing achievable motion control accuracy. Such a coordinated control solution is provided and is shown to be effective through both simulation and experimental results in the likely operating conditions of a typical industrial backhoe loader arm.
Hardwood plywood product and service attributes important to North American hardwood plywood distributors. (1998)

North American hardwood plywood distributors were surveyed to determine important product and service attributes, and to assess how well manufacturers rated with respect to these attributes. Data also were collected on current and future use of technology and usefulness of educational programs and promotional tools. Absence of panel delamination was the most important attribute desired by distributors, followed by shipment arrives in good condition, accessibility of the manufacturer, splice lines tightly matched, plywood face on-grade, and on-time delivery. The lowest manufacturer ratings were for : manufacturer provides product training ; ability to fill rush orders ; manufacturer follows up to see that the product meets or exceeds expectations ; manufacturer's ability to provide samples, literature, or other support ; manufacturer's awareness of distributors' needs ; on-time delivery ; and promptness of handling customer complaints. Differences existed in importance scores and manufacturer performance ratings across distributors with different ratios of hardwood plywood sales to total sales, distributors with different levels of total sales volumes, and distributors selling to different price point categories. Just-in-time shipments were currently being employed by 39 percent of all respondents. Other technologies commonly utilized by respondents were electronic data interface, used by 21 percent of respondents, followed by bar coding (17.1%), vendor-managed inventory (13.8%), and the World Wide Web (9.5%). Use of the World Wide Web was predicted to grow the most by 1999, with use increasing by 276 percent, followed by bar coding (226%), electronic data interface (120%), vendor-managed inventory (100%), and just-in-time shipments (22%).
Mitomycin- and calcineurin-associated HUS, endothelial dysfunction and endothelial repair: a new paradigm for the puzzle? (2006)

Thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA) are multisystem disorders characterized by the formation of platelet-rich, fibrin-poor thrombi within the microvasculature. While there have been major advances into the cause of certain types of TMAs that have led to rational treatment choices [1], TMA secondary to chemotherapeutic and calcineurin inhibitors remains a black box both in terms of pathogenesis and treatment. Here we report a case of mitomycin-associated haemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) resistant to conventional treatment but which responded to chronic end-stage renal disease management consisting of haemodialysis and erythropoietin treatment. We hypothesized that haemodialysis and erythropoietin may play a role in ‘healing’ the endothelial injury. To support our hypothesis, we measured the markers of endothelial cell injury (circulating endothelial cells) and a marker of endothelial repair (CD34þ endothelial progenitor cell migratory activity) in a second case of TMA secondary to calcineurin therapy. We demonstrate that, in drug-induced HUS, there is increased endothelial injury and a defective repair mechanism and that correcting uraemia, with renal replacement therapy, and treatment with specific medications aimed at enhancing endothelial repair may be able to alter the course of the disease. These findings not only suggest a mechanism for drug-induced TMA, but also suggest a rational line of therapy for a disease that heretofore was treated with supportive care. Methods
Interferon-  gene dinucleotide (CA) repeat and interleukin-4 promoter region (-590C/T) polymorphisms in Japanese patients with endometriosis (2004)

The results suggest that the IFNG CA-repeat polymorphism is associated with susceptibility to endometriosis in a Japanese population.