gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Study on Processing and Chemical Composition of Date Pit Powder for Application in Enhanced Oil Recovery (2014)

Studies were conducted on method of processing and chemical compositions of date pit for possible applications in enhanced oil recovery. Date seed from the eastern province of Saudi Arabia were washed by sonication and sun dried. The dried seeds were ground, de-oiled and made into solutions using alkaline. Physicochemical properties and chemical compositions of the de-oiled date seed powder were investigated using SEM and FTIR. The properties of the powder solutions were investigated by evaluating their viscosifying properties. Results of elemental analysis showed that the powder contains 57.41 - 65.84% carbon and 34.16 - 41.35% oxygen. The peak values in the range 3369.6 - 3417.3cm -1 obtained from FTIR are indicative of the presence of OH functional groups. The results obtained from viscosity measurement revealed that date seed be utilized as viscosity modifier to alter the mobility ratio in enhanced oil recovery processes. In addition, the multiple hydroxyl functional groups contained in date pit powder can be made available for organic reactions to produce surfactants and polymeric polyols that can be used for wettability and interfacial tension (IFT) alteration as employed in enhanced oil recovery operations. Furthermore, more studies need to be done to investigate and improve other relevant properties of the powder solution so that it can be used in near reservoir conditions. Accordingly, future work will be focused on detailed investigation on the use of the powder to alter mobility ratio, wettability and IFT.
Pointing at responsive objects outdoors (2012)

In this paper we analyze pointing techniques for simple remote control of nearby and distant objects in an outdoor environment, using a mobile phone. In an experiment we determine the accuracy of pointing at targets from a few meters to a few hundred meters away, either by focusing the phone's camera on a target or holding the phone at waist level in the direction of the target. We describe a simulated network application in which users can activate and control one or more responsive objects using either interaction technique.
Kinetic Model for Two-Step Nucleation of Peptide Assembly (2017)

Intermediate dynamic assemblies are increasingly seen as necessary for the initial desolvation and organization of biomaterials to achieve their final crystalline order. Here we present a general peptide assembly model for two-step nucleation. The model predicts the phase transitions and equilibria between different phases by employing a combination of the Flory-Huggins parameter, the particle growth constant, and the binding energy to assemblies. Monte Carlo simulations are used to demonstrate how the system evolves from pure solution phases to the final thermodynamic assembly phase via an intermediate metastable particle phase. The final state of the system is determined by the solubility of the particle and assembly phases, where the phase with the lower solubility accumulates. A rare three-phase equilibrium exists when the solubilities of the particles and assemblies are similar. Experimental support for this model is achieved with assembly of the amyloid peptide Ac-KLVFFAE-NH<sub>2</sub> (Aβ(16-22)) in mixed acetonitrile/water systems. Increasing the acetonitrile concentration decreases the number of particles, increases the particle size, and accelerates the assembly rate, all consistent with acetonitrile increasing the Aβ(16-22) peptide's solubility of particles but with little influence on the stability of the assemblies. Taken together, our model captures the transition from the metastable particle phase to the higher order peptide assembly through two-step nucleation.
Enhanced production of a single domain antibody with an engineered stabilizing extra disulfide bond (2015)

The ability to produce high affinity, stable single domain antibodies is critical for their utility. While the addition of a second disulfide bond is a proven method for enhancing stability of single domain antibodies, it frequently comes at the cost of reduced yields. While decreasing the isoelectric point of double disulfide mutants of single domain antibodies may improve protein production, charge addition appears to consistently improve refolding and some charge changes can also improve thermal stability, thus providing a number of benefits making the examination of such mutations worth consideration.
Monitoring the Kinetics of the pH-Driven Transition of the Anthrax Toxin Prepore to the Pore by Biolayer Interferometry and Surface Plasmon Resonance (2013)

Domain 2 of the anthrax protective antigen (PA) prepore heptamer unfolds and refolds during endosome acidification to generate an extended 100 Å β barrel pore that inserts into the endosomal membrane. The PA pore facilitates the pH-dependent unfolding and translocation of bound toxin enzymic components, lethal factor (LF) and/or edema factor, from the endosome to the cytoplasm. We constructed immobilized complexes of the prepore with the PA-binding domain of LF (LFN) to monitor the real-time prepore to pore kinetic transition using surface plasmon resonance and biolayer interferometry (BLI). The kinetics of this transition increased as the solution pH was decreased from 7.5 to 5.0, mirroring acidification of the endosome. Once it had undergone the transition, the LFN-PA pore complex was removed from the BLI biosensor tip and deposited onto electron microscopy grids, where PA pore formation was confirmed by negative stain electron microscopy. When the soluble receptor domain (ANTRX2/CMG2) binds the immobilized PA prepore, the transition to the pore state was observed only after the pH was lowered to early (pH 5.5) or late (pH 5.0) endosomal pH conditions. Once the pore formed, the soluble receptor readily dissociated from the PA pore. Separate binding experiments with immobilized PA pores and the soluble receptor indicate that the receptor has a weakened propensity to bind to the transitioned pore. This immobilized anthrax toxin platform can be used to identify or validate potential antimicrobial lead compounds capable of regulating and/or inhibiting anthrax toxin complex formation or pore transitions.
Physicochemical properties of octenyl succinic anhydride‐modified potato starch with different degrees of substitution (2009)

The physicochemical properties of OSA potato starch were better than those of native potato starch. Freeze-thaw stability, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability improved with increasing DS. Viscosity increased at lower DS but decreased at DS = 0.0211.
Influence of the surface hydrolysis on the functionality of poly(ethylene terephthalate) fabric treated with nanotitanium dioxide (2012)

Abstract In this study, the polyester (PET) fabric was hydrolyzed with alkali to increase the surface activity and enhance the nano titanium dioxide (nano‐TiO 2 ) adsorption to produce higher functionality. The PET fabric was first treated with sodium hydroxide along with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as a cationic surfactant and then dipped into an ultrasound bath containing nano‐TiO 2 followed by curing at high temperature. The weight loss, vertical wicking, and water droplet adsorption time were evaluated and are reported. The photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 nanoparticles deposited on the PET fabric was examined by the degradation of methylene blue as a model stain under daylight irradiation. The residual TiO 2 on the fabric surface after 1 and 10 successive washings was determined to indicate the washing durability of the finished fabric. Also, the UV protection was assessed by UV reflectance spectroscopy. The scanning electron microscopy pictures and energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectra of some fabrics are also reported. The surface hydrolysis of the PET fabric with sodium hydroxide created some voids and hydrophilic groups on the fabric surface; this led to the higher adsorption of nano‐TiO 2 particles and enhanced the wettability, vertical wicking, and higher durability against repeated washings of the nano‐TiO 2 treated fabric. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012
Glycoproteins of Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3: Characterization and Evaluation as a Subunit Vaccine (1985)

The envelope glycoproteins of human parainfluenza type 3 virus were characterized by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and reactivity with specific monoclonal antibodies. The molecular weight of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) glycoprotein was found to be 72,000, and the fusion (F) glycoprotein appeared to consist of 74,000 (F0) or 56,000 (F1) species. Envelope glycoproteins were solubilized with octyl-glucoside and, after removal of the detergent by dialysis, were used for immunization of hamsters. Other animals were immunized with a formalin-inactivated preparation of whole virus. A single subcutaneous immunization with these antigen preparations induced a serum antibody response to the HN and F glycoproteins, as determined by plaque neutralization, hemagglutination inhibition, inhibition of virus-induced cell fusion, and immune precipitation tests. An IgG antibody response to both glycoproteins was also observed in bronchial washings. Animals immunized with the highest dose of envelope glycoproteins showed complete protection from challenge infection, whereas immunization with inactivated virus did not completely protect animals.
Analytical Study of Political Party Systems in Nigeria (2015)

Party systems can be identified as patterns of interaction among political parties in electoral, parliamentary and governmental arenas of a given political context. It constitutes important elements of modern democratic system without which there cannot be electoral systems. Hence, it gives room for democracy which Nigeria can boast of in her developmental process.Moreover, many Nigerians support the fact that democracy has come to stay in Nigeria, although among the various types of party systems, the dominant party system in Nigeria is multiparty system. In this present administration of the so called slogan “change” in Nigeria, there is need to review the so called party system and switch to another type which seems to be the most advantageous one. This type of party system is referred to as Two-Party system.Finally, this paper gaudily examines an overview of party systems, the types of party systems, the comparison between multi-party and two-party systems in Nigeria and their impacts on governance, and recommendation of two-party system for Nigeria political system. It further recommends that activities of political parties must not reflect discordant party politics but their formation, choice of leadership, choice of candidates, organizational structure, funding and there must be reflect democratic of principles and the rule of law. This would enhance peaceful, structured political system and the choice of the people will be represented without any form of resentment. Keywords: Nigeria, party systems, democratization, development.
Über eine kurze Eignungsprüfung von Hölzern für zementgebundene Werkstoffe - Studien über mineralgebundene Holzwerkstoffe, VI. Mitteilung (1964)

Article Über eine kurze Eignungsprüfung von Hölzern für zementgebundene Werkstoffe - Studien über mineralgebundene Holzwerkstoffe, VI. Mitteilung was published on January 1, 1964 in the journal Holzforschung (volume 18, issue 1-2).
Mega-utilities drive invisible technologies (2003)

Despite their apparent simplicity, invisible technologies represent the pinnacle of engineering accomplishments in digital design, networking, user interfaces, and machine learning as well as in the social science disciplines of psychology and anthropology. It takes a lot of science to move technology from the foreground to the background. This paper focuses on leading-edge science that is inspiring the next generation of pervasive computing. It considers how computers are becoming pervasive in part because megahertz, megabits per second, and megabytes have become utilities much like water, gas, and electricity.
3D reconstruction of a static indoor environment by fusion of sonar and video data (2001)

This paper proposes a new system to construct a 3D model of a real in door environment by using merging sonar and video data. Data is collected by a moving robot exploring the environm entand the 3D model is constructed on-line. Hence. while the robot navigates in the real environm ent, any remote PC may navigate in a virtual copy of such environment. The main advantage of the proposed system is that the combination of two different sources of information allows fast and computationally cheap construction of the model. The system has been successfully tested in unstructured realenvironments.
γ-Butyrolactone-Dependent Expression of the<i>Streptomyces</i>Antibiotic Regulatory Protein Gene<i>srrY</i>Plays a Central Role in the Regulatory Cascade Leading to Lankacidin and Lankamycin Production in<i>Streptomyces rochei</i> (2007)

ABSTRACT Our previous studies revealed that the srrX and srrA genes carried on the large linear plasmid pSLA2-L constitute a γ-butyrolactone-receptor system in Streptomyces rochei . Extensive transcriptional analysis has now showed that the Streptomyces antibiotic regulatory protein gene srrY , which is also carried on pSLA2-L, is a target of the receptor/repressor SrrA and plays a central role in lankacidin and lankamycin production. The srrY gene was expressed in a growth-dependent manner, slightly preceding antibiotic production. The expression of srrY was undetectable in the srrX mutant but was restored in the srrX srrA double mutant. In addition, SrrA was bound specifically to the promoter region of srrY , and this binding was prevented by the addition of the S. rochei γ-butyrolactone fraction, while the W119A mutant receptor SrrA was kept bound even in the presence of S. rochei γ-butyrolactone. Furthermore, the introduction of an intact srrY gene under the control of a foreign promoter into the srrX or srrA ( W119A ) mutant restored antibiotic production. All of these results confirmed the signaling pathway from srrX through srrA to srrY , leading to lankacidin and lankamycin production.
Dorsal Cutaneous Ulnar Nerve Conduction (1981)

Preservation of sensation on the dorsoulnar aspect of the hand is a recognized clinical aid in localizing ulnar nerve lesions to the distal forearm or wrist, ie, below the origin of the dorsal cutaneous branch of the nerve.<sup>1-4</sup>This sensory branch leaves the main nerve trunk on an average of 6 to 8 cm proximal to the ulnar styloid and becomes cutaneous as it passes between the flexor carpi ulnaris tendon and the ulna. It supplies sensation to the dorsoulnar aspect of the wrist and hand and to the dorsal surface of the last two digits. Since unreliable, uncooperative, or disoriented patients may render the physical examination results inaccurate or equivocal, a more objective means of validating the aforementioned clinical sign is desirable. Jabre<sup>5</sup>recently reported a method measuring nerve conduction in the dorsal cutaneous ulnar nerve that accomplishes this purpose. Concurrently we developed a similar technique, and
Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization Problem Preprocessing: Theory and Empirical Analysis (2017)

The Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problem (QUBO) has become a unifying model for representing a wide range of combinatorial optimization problems, and for linking a variety of disciplines that face these problems. A new class of quantum annealing computer that maps QUBO onto a physical qubit network structure with specific size and edge density restrictions is generating a growing interest in ways to transform the underlying QUBO structure into an equivalent graph having fewer nodes and edges. In this paper we present rules for reducing the size of the QUBO matrix by identifying variables whose value at optimality can be predetermined. We verify that the reductions improve both solution quality and time to solution and, in the case of metaheuristic methods where optimal solutions cannot be guaranteed, the quality of solutions obtained within reasonable time limits. We discuss the general QUBO structural characteristics that can take advantage of these reduction techniques and perform careful experimental design and analysis to identify and quantify the specific characteristics most affecting reduction. The rules make it possible to dramatically improve solution times on a new set of problems using both the exact Cplex solver and a tabu search metaheuristic.
The Factors Affecting Orthodontic Pain with Periodontitis (2021)

The occurrence of pain is often closely related to the psychological status, and the threshold for pain tolerance varies from patient to patient. In short, the factors affecting orthodontic pain are diverse and have individual differences. Tooth pain after the first force of intraoral malocclusion orthodontic treatment is one of the common complications of fixed orthodontic treatment, which often affects the outcome of treatment of patients with malocclusion and their subjective satisfaction with fixed orthodontic treatment. The purpose of the paper was to investigate the basic patterns and influencing factors of dental pain in fixed orthodontic patients within seven days after the initial wearing of straight arch aligners and the analysis of the effect of psychological intervention on dental pain using the visual simulation scoring method. According to the inclusion criteria of the experimental design, 89 patients who visited the Department of Orthodontics of Hospital for malocclusion were randomly divided into observation group and control group, and the observation group used chewing gum as psychological intervention, while the control group did not use any intervention. The effect of psychological intervention on periodontal pain was analyzed. The results of the paper were that all but 3 of the 89 patients had no pain, and all the patients had different degrees of dental pain at different points in time.
The Effect Of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (Pgpr) On Germination, Seedling Growth And Yield Of Maize (2009)

The effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on seed germination, seedling growth and yield of field grown maize were evaluated in three experiments. In these experiments six bacterial strains include P.putida strain R-168, P.fluorescens strain R-93, P.fluorescens DSM 50090, P.putida DSM291, A.lipoferum DSM 1691, A.brasilense DSM 1690 were used. Results of first study showed seed Inoculation significantly enhanced seed germination and seedling vigour of maize. In second experiment, leaf and shoot dry weight and also leaf surface area significantly were increased by bacterial inoculation in both sterile and non-sterile soil. The results showed that inoculation with bacterial treatments had a more stimulating effect on growth and development of plants in nonsterile than sterile soil. In the third experiment, Inoculation of maize seeds with all bacterial strains significantly increased plant height, 100 seed weight, number of seed per ear and leaf area .The results also showed significant increase in ear and shoot dry weight of maize.
Termination of Deoxyribonucleic Acid in <i>Escherichia coli</i> by 2′,3′-Dideoxyadenosine (1970)

2',3'-Dideoxyadenosine was previously shown to be lethal to Escherichia coli and to inhibit deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis irreversibly in this organism. It was also shown that triphosphate of this analogue terminates DNA chains in an in vitro system. Data presented here show that the nucleoside is relatively insensitive to E. coli adenosine deaminase and is converted intracellularly into the dideoxynucleotide, including the triphosphate. Thymine nucleotide pools were not reduced in inhibited bacteria, nor did preformed DNA break down. Some adenine was liberated from the dideoxyadenosine on incubation, and the latter was incorporated into ribonucleic acid. Nevertheless, about 4,000 molecules of the dideoxynucleoside were incorporated into DNA per cell. The dideoxynucleotide occurred in DNA chains in a terminal position, liberated selectively by venom phosphodiesterase. The possible nature of the lethal event is discussed.
Medical Adhesive-Related Skin Injury Prevalence Among Adult Acute Care Patients (2015)

Medical adhesive-related skin injury is a prevalent event in the acute care setting. Preventing skin injury has the potential to reduce complications, increase patient satisfaction, and improve clinical outcomes.
Bioinspired stiff and flexible composites of nanocellulose-reinforced amorphous CaCO3 (2014)

Stiff yet flexible and strong transparent film materials mimicking the structure of crustacean exoskeletons were obtained from calcium carbonate and cellulose. These biobased materials have the composite structure of a three-dimensional nanoscale network of surface-carboxylated crystalline cellulose incorporated into an amorphous inorganic-based hybrid matrix of nanosegregated calcium carbonate and acidic polymers.
Determination of octanol‐water partition coefficients for carbonate esters and other small organic molecules by microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (2003)

Microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) was assessed as a tool for determination of octanol-water partition coefficients using 34 solutes encompassing 8 carbonate esters. It was confirmed that microemulsions containing 1.44-2.88% w/w SDS, 6.49% w/w 1-butanol, and 0.82% w/w n-heptane constitute a good model of octanol-water partitioning in the pH range of 1.4-7.4. Use of the migration index concept led to improved repeatability of the MEEKC method compared to the use of retention factors. Using a dynamical coating, a high electroosmotic flow at pH 1.4 and 4.75 was achieved expanding the practical pH working range of the MEEKC system. The correlation obtained between the migration index and log P was unaffected by pH indicating that the properties of the microemulsion droplets and, thus, partitioning are independent of pH. No evidence for congeneric behavior was found for the sample set comprising solutes with different hydrogen bonding properties suggesting that simple reference compounds can be used as calibrators. Lipophilicity estimates for the series of carbonate esters were obtained. The increase in lipophilicity with chain length was smaller than expected from the Hansch substituent constant, pi.
Aerodynamic levitation of laser-heated solids in gas jets (1982)

Solid spheres were aerodynamically levitated in gas jets and laser heated to temperatures above 2000 K. Stable levitation in a supersonic jet from a 0.081-cm nozzle was demonstrated with 0.03–0.20 g, 0.24–0.47-cm-diam specimens at a height between 0.7–2.0 cm above the nozzle and ambient pressures between 1.1–18 Torr. A model of supersonic jet levitation accurately predicts height vs pressure over the full range of conditions that were investigated. The efficiency with which jet momentum is converted into levitation force decreases with the jet:specimen diameter ratio and jet Reynolds number. The rate of jet spreading with distance from the nozzle deduced from levitation experiments agrees with that measured by pitot tube traverses of the jet. Pitot tube pressure measurements also reveal a transition from laminar to turbulent supersonic jet flow at nozzle Reynolds numbers just above the maximum values at which stable levitation is observed. Laser heating reduces the jet momentum required for levitation at a given height and increases levitation stability. In experiments with subsonic jets, the required jet momentum flow rate exceeds the specimen weight by ∼2/CD, where CD is the specimen drag coefficient at its terminal free-fall speed under the ambient conditions. Exploratory studies of laser-heated liquid levitation are also reported.