gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and characterization of polyamide nanofiltration composite membranes with TiO<sub>2</sub> layers chemically connected to the membrane surface (2007)

Abstract A polyamide (PA) nanofiltration (NF) composite membrane with TiO 2 layers was designed and prepared, in which the TiO 2 layers were chemically linked to the crosslinked polyamide layers of the membrane. In this study, TiO 2 , one of the well known photo‐catalysts effectively degrading organics with UV light, was introduced to the PA NF membrane by using 3‐aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMOS), titanium (IV) isopropoxide (TIP) to improve its antifouling property. In particular, for this membrane, SiO 2 layers were formed between the TiO 2 layer and the crosslinked polyamide layer of the membrane to protect the organic parts of the membrane from the TiO 2 catalyzed UV degradation. The prepared membrane with TiO 2 layers was then characterized using several analytical methods: scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and permeation tests. It was found that the prepared membrane was stable; especially the TiO 2 layer of the membrane was found to be stable after several times of use for permeation test. The membrane showed a typical NF property, despite of the presence of the TiO 2 layer. From long time tests with or without UV light, it was found that there was good antifouling effect on the membrane by the TiO 2 layer. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
Interphases in Graphene Polymer‐based Nanocomposites: Achievements and Challenges (2011)

Abstract Graphene constitutes a two dimensional sp 2 hybridized carbon material with outstanding electrical and mechanical properties. To date, novel methods for producing large quantities of graphene and its derivatives (doped or functionalized graphenes, nanoribbons and nanoplatelets) are emerging, and research dedicated to the fabrication of polymer nanocomposites using graphenes has started. In this Research News, we summarize the synthesis and properties of graphene and its derivatives, and provide an overview of the latest research dedicated to the fabrication of polymer composites for different applications, including mechanical, electrical, optical and thermal. Some of the recently fabricated composites exhibit outstanding properties, however, it is vital to understand the chemistry and physics of the interphases established between the polymer and the graphene surfaces. The challenges in the fabrication of super robust and highly conducting composites using graphenes are also discussed. It is believed that graphene‐based polymer composites will result in commercial products if their interphases and reactivity are carefully controlled.
Aiming drug discovery at lysophosphatidic acid targets (2010)

Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA, 1-radyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphate) is the prototype member of a family of lipid mediators and second messengers. LPA and its naturally occurring analogues interact with G protein-coupled receptors on the cell surface and a nuclear hormone receptor within the cell. In addition, there are several enzymes that utilize LPA as a substrate or generate it as a product and are under its regulatory control. LPA is present in biological fluids, and attempts have been made to link changes in its concentration and molecular composition to specific disease conditions. Through their many targets, members of the LPA family regulate cell survival, apoptosis, motility, shape, differentiation, gene transcription, malignant transformation and more. The present review depicts arbitrary aspects of the physiological and pathophysiological actions of LPA and attempts to link them with select targets. Many of us are now convinced that therapies targeting LPA biosynthesis and signalling are feasible for the treatment of devastating human diseases such as cancer, fibrosis and degenerative conditions. However, successful targeting of the pathways associated with this pleiotropic lipid will depend on the future development of as yet undeveloped pharmacons.
Worst case optimization: a method to account for uncertainties in the optimization of intensity modulated proton therapy (2008)

The sharp dose gradients which are possible in intensity modulated proton therapy (IMPT) not only offer the possibility of generating excellent target coverage while sparing neighbouring organs at risk, but can also lead to treatment plans which are very sensitive to uncertainties in treatment variables such as the range of individual Bragg peaks. We developed a method to account for uncertainties of treatment variables in the optimization based on a worst case dose distribution. The worst case dose distribution is calculated using several possible realizations of the uncertainties. This information is used by the objective function of the inverse treatment planning system to generate treatment plans which are acceptable under all considered realizations of the uncertainties. The worst case optimization method was implemented in our in-house treatment planning software KonRad in order to demonstrate the usefulness of this approach for clinical cases. In this paper, we investigated range uncertainties, setup uncertainties and a combination of both uncertainties. Using our method the sensitivity of the resulting treatment plans to these uncertainties is considerably reduced.
Distinguishing Helix Conformations in Alanine-Rich Peptides Using the Unnatural Amino Acid TOAC and Electron Spin Resonance (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTDistinguishing Helix Conformations in Alanine-Rich Peptides Using the Unnatural Amino Acid TOAC and Electron Spin ResonancePaul Hanson, Gary Martinez, Glenn Millhauser, Fernando Formaggio, Marco Crisma, Claudio Toniolo, and Claudio VitaView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064 Biopolymer Research Center, CNR Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Padova 35131 Padova, Italy Département d'Ingénierie et d'Etudes des Proteins 91191 CE Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, FranceCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 1, 271–272Publication Date (Web):January 10, 1996Publication History Received21 July 1995Published online10 January 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja952423khttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja952423krapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views404Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Conformation,Electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy,Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Quantum mechanics Get e-Alerts
The nonideal generalized amplitude integrator (NGAI): interpretation, implementation and applications (2002)

Conventional integrators for DC signals and the so-formed PI controllers are classic concepts in converter control. While these integrators offer satisfactory performance in DC control system, they cause steady state error in AC control system. Major controllers, such as the hysteresis controller, the predictive controller and the synchronous frame controller have evolved in the past decade. The synchronous frame controller, in particular, has been regarded the standard solution in most three phase applications. Digital implementation of the synchronous frame controller involves the calculation of the trigonometric functions which is a time-consuming task. For an unbalanced system, a second frame is needed, the computation task is therefore doubled. This task is further multiplied for a multiple frequency system due to the need for multiple frames in such a system. The controller also does not apply to single phase applications. An interesting solution has been introduced, the so called resonant controller which works on the single phase basis with reduced computation. This paper clarifies that the resonant element in the resonant controller is actually a nonideal generalized amplitude integrator (NGAI) for AC signal. And the resonant controller is actually an H control for an AC control system. Digital implementation of the NGAI and signal prediction using the NGAI are discussed. Applications of the NGAI in converter current control and signal processing are presented.
Repeated automated versus daytime ambulatory blood pressure measurement in mild, moderate and severe untreated black hypertensive patients. (1997)

OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which one session of repeated automated (30-45 min) blood pressure measurements in non-treated, hypertensive patients can be used to predict daytime ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). METHODS: Two hundred untreated black hypertensive patients (mean age 50.2+/-11.2) were retrospectively stratified on the basis of the daytime ambulatory diastolic blood pressure (DBP) into mild, moderate and severe hypertensives (90 mmHg <DBP < 140 mmHg). Office blood pressure was determined at 3 min intervals for a total of 30-45 min using the Dinamap Critikon 1846 SX monitor. Twenty-four hour ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) was performed on the same day in all patients using a SpaceLabs 90207 device. RESULTS: The mean diastolic Dinamap measurements compared with the mean ambulatory daytime DBP were very similar in terms of 'traditional' statistics (mean: 114 +/- 14.6 versus 113 +/- 12 mmHg, correlation: 0.80). However, agreement analysis according to Bland and Altman showed a poor agtreement with an error as high as 19 mmHg. The mean systolic Dinamap measurements compared with the mean ambulatory daytime SBP were significantly overestimated (mean: 185 +/- 25.0 versus 170 +/- 19.3 mmHg, correlation 0.82) and the error was as high as 43 mmHg. On residual analysis, 75% of the diastolic Dinamap values and only 35% of the systolic Dinamap measurements were within an error of +/- 10 mmHg. The average of the first five Dinamap measurements had the greatest predictive ability for the daytime ABP. CONCLUSION: As a result of the poor agreement between the two methods, we suggest that, from the clinical point of view, the two techniques should be treated as two separate entities.
0.18μm phase/frequency detector and charge pump design for digital video broadcasting for handheld’s phase-locked-loop systems (2007)

We reject a purely autonomy based approach. Our arguments are based on a relational ethics of parenthood.
Neuropathic Pain Is Constitutively Suppressed in Early Life by Anti-Inflammatory Neuroimmune Regulation (2015)

Peripheral nerve injury can trigger neuropathic pain in adults but not in infants; indeed, for unknown reasons, neuropathic pain is rare before adolescence. We show here that the absence of neuropathic pain response in infant male rats and mice following nerve injury is due to an active, constitutive immune suppression of dorsal horn pain activity. In contrast to adult nerve injury, which triggers a proinflammatory immune response in the spinal dorsal horn, infant nerve injury triggers an anti-inflammatory immune response, characterized by significant increases in IL-4 and IL-10. This immediate anti-inflammatory response can also be evoked by direct C-fiber nerve stimulation in infant, but not adult, mice. Blockade of the anti-inflammatory activity with intrathecal anti-IL10 unmasks neuropathic pain behavior in infant nerve injured mice, showing that pain hypersensitivity in young mice is actively suppressed by a dominant anti-inflammatory neuroimmune response. As infant nerve injured mice reach adolescence (postnatal day 25-30), the dorsal horn immune profile switches from an anti-inflammatory to a proinflammatory response characterized by significant increases in TNF and BDNF, and this is accompanied by a late onset neuropathic pain behavior and increased dorsal horn cell sensitivity to cutaneous mechanical and cold stimuli. These findings show that neuropathic pain following early life nerve injury is not absent but suppressed by neuroimmune activity and that "latent" pain can still emerge at adolescence, when the neuroimmune profile changes. The data may explain why neuropathic pain is rare in young children and also why it can emerge, for no observable reason, in adolescent patients.
An N-Terminal Deletion Mutant of Estrogen Receptor Exhibits Increased Synergism with Upstream Activators and Enhanced Binding to the Estrogen Response Element (1995)

To study the role of the N-terminal region of the estrogen receptor (ER) in transcription activation and in DNA binding, we constructed a mutant of the Xenopus laevis ER which lacks amino acids 1-159 (XER160/586). In transient transfections, XER160/586 exhibited < 10% of the activity of wild-type XER on a synthetic promoter containing two estrogen response elements (EREs). To examine transcriptional synergism by XER and by XER160/586, we determined the activity of promoters containing EREs and binding sites for either the vitellogenin activator, NF1, or AP1 upstream activator protein. For the three promoters transcription by XER was 2.8-fold greater than expected for additive activities, and transcription by XER160/586 was 6.2-fold greater. These data demonstrate that an upstream activator protein bound near the promoter can partially compensate for the loss of the internal N-terminal (AF1) transactivation domain in XER160/586. Using a promoter interference assay to study the intracellular interaction between ER and the estrogen response element, we found that XER160/586 exhibited a significant increase in affinity for the ERE. Its low basal activity and enhanced affinity for the ERE make XER160/586 an effective dominant negative mutant. When co-expressed with wild-type XER at 1:1 and 5:1 ratios, XER160/586 suppressed the activity of wild-type XER by 57% and > 80%, respectively.
Structural Similarities between C6 and C7 of Human Complement (1979)

A new method for the isolation of C6 and C7 by affinity chromatography of human serum with anti-C6 and anti-C7 coupled to Sepharose is described. C6 and C7 prepared by this method are hemolytically fully active, homogeneous proteins obtained in 25% yield. A comparison of the properties of isolated C6 and C7 gave the following results: The amino acid composition of the two proteins is very similar. The m.w. calculated from the amino acid content is 124,800 for C6 and 120,800 for C7. Both components are single chain glycoproteins migrating upon electrophoresis at pH 8.6 as beta 2-globulins, Both proteins are polymorphic as detected by isoelectrofocusing in polyacrylamide gels and range in their isoelectric points from pH 6.15 to 6.7. The UV spectra reveal only minor differences; the extinction coefficients are: EC6 = 1.71 cm2 X mg-1 and EC7 = 1.92 cm2 X mg-1. CD-spectra show 8% alpha-helix and 10% beta-structure for C6 and 10% alpha-helix and 14% beta-structure for C7. The structural similarities of C6 and C7 suggest their evolution from a common ancestral gene.
The Use of Lectin Affinity Chromatography for the Selective Isolation of Plasma Membranes (1984)

Abstract The rapid isolation of human erythrocyte plasma membrane was achieved on an affinity matrix consisting of wheat germ agglutinin covalently bound to Sepharose 6MB. After the washed cells were bound to the affinity matrix, they were washed extensively and lysed. The resulting ghosts were washed and then eluted from the matrix with N-acetyl-β, D-glucosamine. The binding of the cells and the presence of the resulting ghost were monitored with differential interference and scanning electron microscopy as well as radioactive labeling. The purity of the resulting membranes was demonstrated by the radioactive label and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The procedure is a simple, rapid and effective method of obtaining highly purified membrane preparations.
Equilibrium and Kinetic Analysis of the Unusual Binding Behavior of a Highly Immunogenic Gluten Peptide to HLA-DQ2 (2005)

HLA-DQ2 predisposes an individual to celiac sprue by presenting peptides from dietary gluten to intestinal CD4(+) T cells. A selectively deamidated multivalent peptide from gluten (LQLQPFPQPELPYPQPELPYPQPELPYPQPQPF; underlined residues correspond to posttranslational Q --> E alterations) is a potent trigger of DQ2 restricted T cell proliferation. Here we report equilibrium and kinetic measurements of interactions between DQ2 and (i) this highly immunogenic multivalent peptide, (ii) its individual constituent epitopes, (iii) its nondeamidated precursor, and (iv) a reference high-affinity ligand of HLA-DQ2 that is not recognized by gluten-responsive T cells from celiac sprue patients. The deamidated 33-mer peptide efficiently exchanges with a preloaded peptide in the DQ2 ligand-binding groove at pH 5.5 as well as pH 7.3, suggesting that the peptide can be presented to T cells comparably well through the endocytic pathway or via direct loading onto extracellular HLA-DQ2. In contrast, the monovalent peptides, and the nondeamidated precursor, as well as the tight-binding reference peptide show a much poorer ability to exchange with a preloaded peptide in the DQ2 binding pocket, especially at pH 7.3, suggesting that endocytosis of these peptides is a prerequisite for T cell presentation. At pH 5.5 and 7.3, dissociation of the deamidated 33-mer peptide from DQ2 is much slower than dissociation of its constituent monovalent epitopes or the nondeamidated precursor but faster than dissociation of the reference high-affinity peptide. Oligomeric states involving multiple copies of the DQ2 heterodimer bound to a single copy of the multivalent 33-mer peptide are not observed. Together, these results suggest that the remarkable antigenicity of the 33-mer gluten peptide is primarily due to its unusually efficient ability to displace existing ligands in the HLA-DQ2 binding pocket, rather than an extremely low rate of dissociation.
Floorplanning by topological constraint reduction (2002)

The problem considered is that of producing a legal floorplan that respects a given topological constraint set. The floorplanning approach described is targeted for multilayer sea-of-cells based designs. Therefore it is assumed that no channel separations are required between the blocks. The approach can be generalized to incorporate channel separations.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Homologous recombination and its regulation (2012)

Homologous recombination (HR) is critical both for repairing DNA lesions in mitosis and for chromosomal pairing and exchange during meiosis. However, some forms of HR can also lead to undesirable DNA rearrangements. Multiple regulatory mechanisms have evolved to ensure that HR takes place at the right time, place and manner. Several of these impinge on the control of Rad51 nucleofilaments that play a central role in HR. Some factors promote the formation of these structures while others lead to their disassembly or the use of alternative repair pathways. In this article, we review these mechanisms in both mitotic and meiotic environments and in different eukaryotic taxa, with an emphasis on yeast and mammal systems. Since mutations in several proteins that regulate Rad51 nucleofilaments are associated with cancer and cancer-prone syndromes, we discuss how understanding their functions can lead to the development of better tools for cancer diagnosis and therapy.
Motility-related protein-1 (MRP-1/CD9) reduction as a factor of poor prognosis in breast cancer. (1996)

The application of reliable markers is of major importance for predicting the prognosis of and instituting the appropriate postsurgical treatment of patients with breast cancer. Previously we showed that motility-related protein-1 (MRP-1), which is identical to CD9, regulates cell motility, and that cultured tumor cells transfected with MRP-1/CD9 cDNA have low motility and low metastatic potential. In addition, MRP-1/CD9 immunoblotting and immunohistochemical study with breast cancer revealed that MRP-1/CD9 expression diminished as the clinical stage of a given breast cancer advanced and that the MRP-1/CD9 gene and protein expression in the metastatic lymph nodes was strikingly lower than in the primary breast cancers. In this study, we also investigated the expression of MRP-1/CD9 by immunoblotting and immunohistochemical analysis in 143 freshly resected invasive ductal carcinomas of the breast: 52 tumors were stage I, 61 were stage II, and 30 were stage III. Tumors were classified as MRP-1/CD9 positive when a band intensity of >30% compared with positive control cells, ZR-75-30 were evaluated with the antibody M31-15, and those with intensities <30% as negative. Moreover, these results were ascertained by immunostaining. Tumor specimens classified as MRP-1/CD9 positive using Western blotting had >50% of the cancer cells immunostained with M31-15, and those classified as MRP-1/CD9 reduced had <50% of the cancer cells immunostained with M31-15. There were 97 patients with MRP-1/CD9 positive tumors and 46 patients whose tumors had reduced MRP-1/CD9 levels. The disease-free rate of the former group of patients was strikingly higher than that of the latter (84.7% versus 51.4%, P<0.001). Similarly, the overall survival rate was also significantly different between the two groups (93.6% versus 69.6%, P=0.004). Multivariate analysis with the Cox regression model indicated that MRP-1/CD9 positively correlated better with disease-free survival (P<0.001) than estrogen receptor, tumor, and lymph node status. Our data suggest that low MRP-1/CD9 expression by tumors of the breast may be associated with poor prognosis. It is conceivable that testing for MRP-1/CD9 may identify node-negative breast cancer patients who are at high risk for early disease recurrence.
Interleukin-1 beta induction of neuron apoptosis depends on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity after spinal cord injury1 (2005)

The p38MAPK signaling pathway plays an important role in IL-1beta mediated induction of neuron apoptosis following SCI in rats.