gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Deletion mapping of human chromosome 5 using chromosome-specific DNA probes. (1985)

A complete genomic DNA library was prepared from a Chinese hamster-human cell hybrid that contains human chromosome 5 as its only human DNA. Unique or low-copy DNA fragments, isolated form recombinant bacteriophage that contained human DNA inserts, were regionally mapped on chromosome 5 using Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from a series of hybrid cell lines that were selected as having deletions of various portions of 5q. The chromosome 5-specific DNA library, together with a genetic selective procedure allowing the isolation of hybrid cell lines with deletions of virtually any portion of 5q, will provide a means to construct very accurate physical and recombinational maps of this human chromosome. This system represents an excellent opportunity to examine very precisely the relationship between physical and genetic distances for many loci along the length of this autosome.
Oblivious DNS: Practical Privacy for DNS Queries (2019)

Virtually every Internet communication typically involves a Domain Name System (DNS) lookup for the destination server that the client wants to communicate with. Operators of DNS recursive resolvers—the machines that receive a client’s query for a domain name and resolve it to a corresponding IP address—can learn significant information about client activity. Past work, for example, indicates that DNS queries reveal information ranging from web browsing activity to the types of devices that a user has in their home. Recognizing the privacy vulnerabilities associated with DNS queries, various third parties have created alternate DNS services that obscure a user’s DNS queries from his or her Internet service provider. Yet, these systems merely transfer trust to a different third party. We argue that no single party ought to be able to associate DNS queries with a client IP address that issues those queries. To this end, we present Oblivious DNS (ODNS), which introduces an additional layer of obfuscation between clients and their queries. To do so, ODNS uses its own authoritative namespace; the authoritative servers for the ODNS namespace act as recursive resolvers for the DNS queries that they receive, but they never see the IP addresses for the clients that initiated these queries. We present an initial deployment of ODNS; our experiments show that ODNS introduces minimal performance overhead, both for individual queries and for web page loads. We design ODNS to be compatible with existing DNS protocols and infrastructure, and we are actively working on an open standard with the IETF.
A 1.9 $e^{-}$ Random Noise CMOS Image Sensor With Active Feedback Operation in Each Pixel (2009)

A 1.9 e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> random noise CMOS image sensor has been developed by applying an active feedback operation (AFO), which uses a capacitive feedback effect to floating diffusion (FD) by a gate-source capacitance of a pixel source follower (SF), in a CMOS image sensor with a lateral overflow integration capacitor (LOFIC) technology. It is described that the AFO is suitable for CMOS image sensors with LOFIC because the design of the full well capacity and the FD can be independently optimized. The AFO theory is found to be explored to a large signal voltage in detail, as well as the conventional analysis of the capacitive feedback effect of the pixel SF for a small signal voltage. A 1/4-in 5.6- mum-pitch 640(H) times 480(V) pixel sensor chip in a 0.18-mum two-poly-Si three-metal CMOS technology achieves about 1.7 times the sensitivity with AFO compared with the case where the feedback operation is not positively used, resulting in an input-referred conversion gain of 210 muV/e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> and an input-referred noise of 1.9 e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> . A high well capacity of 130 000 e <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-</sup> is also achieved.
‘FRONTAL’ COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE ‘ON’AND ‘OFF’ LEVODOPA (1988)

A wide range of cognitive impairments can be observed in patients with Parkinson's disease. A close parallel exists between these deficits and those found following damage to prefrontal cortex. Anatomical evidence is reviewed which reveals a complex pattern of neuronal circuits connecting the frontal cortex and basal ganglia. All these circuits are in some way dependent upon dopamine, suggesting that changes in the levels of dopamine stimulation may alter performance on 'frontal' tests. To test this hypothesis, a group of patients with Parkinson's disease were assessed both on and off levodopa treatment, on a range of tests selected from the human and animal experimental literature as being sensitive to disruption of prefrontal cortex. A variable pattern of results was obtained. On one test, a measure of verbal fluency, patients were impaired, compared with normal controls, only when off levodopa. On two measures, associative conditional learning and subject-ordered pointing, patients were impaired only when on levodopa, while on the final measures, the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, patients were impaired both on and off levodopa. Two mechanisms are discussed to explain these results, one based on the effects of dopamine depletion, and the other based on the adverse effects of dopamine overstimulation. The results suggest that different areas of prefrontal cortex are involved in the tasks employed, and that functional levels of dopamine in separate areas of cortex and caudate may differ crucially in Parkinson's disease.
Glucocortiosteroid subsensitivity and asthma severity (2016)

This review bridges concepts that have been known, and those under current investigation, providing both molecular and clinical insights to aid therapeutic strategies for optimal management of asthmatics with varying degree of steroid subsensitivity and disease severity, with particular emphasis on the PI3 kinase pathways.
Expanded reporting of pediatric HIV/AIDS pays big dividends in prevention, care (1998)

The child with HIV or AIDS has urgent health care needs of increasing complexity. To the pediatrician who provides this care, filling out a surveillance report can seem irrelevant and a bureaucratic waste of time, yet accurate HIV and AIDS surveillance has a powerful impact on prevention and care. Surveillance is not obvious to many physicians in practice, who view it as a pain in the neck and don9t really see the benefit. But the benefit is very great, said Lynne Mofenson, M.D., FAAP. She is a pediatric infectious disease specialist with the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and an author of the AAP policy statement Surveillance of Pediatric HIV Infection, which appeared in the February Pediatrics.
Gathering threat intelligence through computer network deception (2016)

The threat landscape is changing significantly; complexity and rate of attacks is ever increasing, and the network defender does not have enough resources (people, technology, intelligence, context) to make informed decisions. The need for network defenders to develop and create proactive threat intelligence is on the rise. Network deception may provide analysts the ability to collect raw intelligence about threat actors as they reveal their Tools, Tactics and Procedures (TTP). This increased understanding of the latest cyber-attacks would enable cyber defenders to better support and defend the network, thereby increasing the cost to the adversary by making it more difficult to successfully attack an enterprise. Using a deception framework, we have created a live, unpredictable, and adaptable Deception Environment leveraging virtualization/cloud technology, software defined networking, introspection and analytics. The environment not only provides the means to identify and contain the threat, but also facilitates the ability to study, understand, and develop protections against sophisticated adversaries. By leveraging actionable data, in real-time or after a sustained engagement, the Deception Environment may be easily modified to interact with and change the perception of the adversary on-the-fly. This ability to change what and where the attacker is on the network, as well as change and modify the content of the adversary on exfiltration and infiltration, is the defining novelty of our Deception Environment.
Incremental Learning, Clustering and Hierarchy Formation of Whole Body Motion Patterns using Adaptive Hidden Markov Chains (2008)

This paper describes a novel approach for autonomous and incremental learning of motion pattern primitives by observation of human motion. Human motion patterns are abstracted into a dynamic stochastic model, which can be used for both subsequent motion recognition and generation, analogous to the mirror neuron hypothesis in primates. The model size is adaptable based on the discrimination requirements in the associated region of the current knowledge base. A new algorithm for sequentially training the Markov chains is developed, to reduce the computation cost during model adaptation. As new motion patterns are observed, they are incrementally grouped together using hierarchical agglomerative clustering based on their relative distance in the model space. The clustering algorithm forms a tree structure, with specialized motions at the tree leaves, and generalized motions closer to the root. The generated tree structure will depend on the type of training data provided, so that the most specialized motions will be those for which the most training has been received. Tests with motion capture data for a variety of motion primitives demonstrate the efficacy of the algorithm.
Emerging Liquid Crystal Displays Based on the Kerr Effect (2010)

The device physics and electro-optical properties of emerging liquid crystal displays (LCDs) based on the Kerr effect are investigated. With a voltage applied, both blue phase and polymer-stabilized blue phase exhibit a fascinating isotropic-to-anisotropic transition. We have developed a numerical model to understand the underlying device physics in order to optimize device performance. The operating voltage is found to be inversely proportional to the square-root of Kerr constant of the LC composite. To reduce operation voltage while keeping high transmittance and fast response time, device structures with strong and deep horizontal electric fields, and LC materials with a large Kerr constant play equally important roles.
Myrothenones A and B, Cyclopentenone Derivatives with Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activity from the Marine-Derived Fungus Myrothecium sp. (2005)

New 3-amino-5-ethenylcyclopentenones, myrothenones A (4) and B (5), were isolated together with known 6-n-pentyl-alpha-pyrone (1), trichodenone A (2), and cyclonerodiol (3) from the marine algicolous fungus of genus of Myrothecium. The structure and absolute stereochemistry of the new compounds were established by spectral interpretation and X-ray analysis. Compounds 1 and 4 exhibited a tyrosinase inhibitory activity with IC(50) value of 0.8 and 6.6 muM, respectively, which are more active than kojic acid (IC(50), 7.7 muM) currently being used as a functional personal-care compound.
Acoustical measurement of violins (1968)

ACOUSTICAL EXAMINATIONS of the violin family extend over 200 of its more than 300 years but the instruments still defy analysis and complete understanding. The apparent simplicity of the problem is misleading; although the violin can be represented as merely a resonant air cavity in a wooden enclosure, driven by vibrating strings, the number of parameters to be determined for full analysis is very great.
<i><scp>M</scp>edicago truncatula</i> histidine‐containing phosphotransfer protein (2013)

Histidine-containing phosphotransfer proteins (HPts) take part in hormone signal transduction in higher plants. The overall pathway of this process is reminiscent of the two-component system initially identified in prokaryotes. HPts function in histidine-aspartate phosphorelays in which they mediate the signal from sensory kinases (usually membrane proteins) to RRs in the nucleus. Here, we report the crystal structure of an HPt protein from Medicago truncatula (MtHPt1) determined at 1.45 Å resolution and refined to an R-factor of 16.7% using low-temperature synchrotron-radiation X-ray diffraction data. There is one MtHPt1 molecule in the asymmetric unit of the crystal lattice with P2(1)2(1)2(1) symmetry. The protein fold consists of six α helices, four of which form a C-terminal helix bundle. The coiled-coil structure of the bundle is stabilized by a network of S-aromatic interactions involving highly conserved sulfur-containing residues. The structure reveals a solvent-exposed side chain of His79, which is the phosphorylation site, as demonstrated by autoradiography combined with site-directed mutation. It is surrounded by highly conserved residues present in all plant HPts. These residues form a putative docking interface for either the receiver domain of the sensory kinase, or for the RR. The biological activity of MtHPt1 was tested by autoradiography. It demonstrated phosphorylation by the intracellular kinase domain of the cytokinin receptor MtCRE1. Complex formation between MtHPt1 and the intracellular fragment of MtCRE1 was confirmed by thermophoresis, with a dissociation constant K(d) of 14 μM.
<i>sqv</i> mutants of <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> are defective in vulval epithelial invagination (1999)

By screening for mutations that perturb the invagination of the vulva of the Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodite, we have isolated 25 mutations that define eight genes. We have named these genes sqv-1 to sqv-8 (squashed vulva). All 25 mutations cause the same vulval defect, an apparent partial collapse of the vulval invagination and an elongation of the central vulval cells. Most sqv mutations also cause an oocyte or somatic gonad defect that results in hermaphrodite sterility, and some sqv mutations cause maternal-effect lethality. We propose that the sqv genes affect a pathway common to vulval invagination, oocyte development, and embryogenesis.
A computer-aided analysis on dental prosthesis shade matching (2011)

Recently dental aesthetics become important requirement when people went to dental clinic. Thus, for the most of dental patient if placed prosthesis, an ideal prosthesis is that the color closes to the adjacent teeth, so the tooth matching become a crucial step before implant. In this paper we proposed a tooth shade matching system by develop a standard procedure, which is use a digital camera and ring light to take a dental picture and color correction for the consistency of dental image, cluster the color spectrum of the tooth for matching with the shade guide tabs. Finally we perform the system can be decision support system in the shade matching, increasing the correctness of shade matching. Qualitative interviews are performed; the results showed that most dentists satisfied the smooth standard procedure and the precision of clustering the color spectrum of tooth.
Photodarkening in Yb-doped silica fibers: influence of the atmosphere during preform collapsing (2008)

We investigated the influence of the atmosphere during preform collapsing (Cl<sub>2</sub>/O<sub>2</sub>, He, reducing gases as CO and H<sub>2</sub>) on the photodarkening process in ytterbium doped silica fibers. The measurements were performed for a probe wavelength of 633nm in-situ during cladding pumping at 915 nm in dependence on the Yb inversion. The equilibrium values of the core excess loss were found to be remarkably lower in the fibers from preforms collapsed with the treatment of He or reducing gases, whereas the photodarkening rate constants are rather similar. Subsequent measurements of the fluorescence properties (pump wavelength 915nm or 976 nm) were carried out at the photodarkened fibers and compared to earlier results obtained at fibers as drawn. Laser experiments with the different fibers at low Yb inversion (no photodarkening) show a decrease of the laser slope efficiency in parallel to the degree of reduction of the doped core glasses. For the He treatment, an optimum of lowered photodarkening loss and reasonable laser efficiency can be obtained.
Polymer-based fluidic devices integrated with perforated micro- and nanopore membrane for study of ionic and DNA transport (2013)

This study aims to develop a process, allowing a low-cost and high-throughput fabrication technique to produce freestanding polymer membranes having perforated micro- and nanopores, and also to design 3D micro/nanofluidic devices with the membrane, enabling a study of ions and DNA transport through nanopores. Technically, we have designed and fabricated high quality silicon stamp. Then, they have been used as molds for modified nanoimprint lithography that takes advantages of a sacrificial layer to obtain freestanding polymer membrane. This technique allows easy fabrication of large area, fully released polymer membranes containing perforated micro- and sub-micropores. The membrane with perforated micropores has been successfully integrated with microfluidic channels and used for in situ formation of lipid bilayer. The membrane with nanopores (< 10 nm diameter) has been directly fabricated using modified nanoimprint lithography with silicon microneedle stamp. Also, the pore size was reduced further (down to 10 nm) with a subsequent process such as pore reduction by using polymer reflowing. Then, it was utilized for sensing and characterizing the ions and DNA transport through pores.
Quinoxalines. XXV. Synthesis and Chemical Properties of 2-Nitroquinoxaline (1989)

2-Nitroquinoxaline (II) was synthesized and the chemical properties were investigated. The reaction of 2-iodoquinoxaline (III) with silver nitrite in the presence of tetrabutylammonium fluoride gave II in 44% yields. II is quite reactive toward various nucleophiles and the ipso-substitution reaction of II with O-nucleophiles (OH-, CH3O-, C2H3O-, C6H5O-), S-nucleophiles (CH3S-, C6H5S-, p-CH3C6H5SO2-), N-nucleophiles (hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, piperidine, morpholine, aniline), C-nucleophiles (CN-, diethyl malonate, malonodinitrile, benzyl cyanide, ethyl cyanoacetate, nitroethane, acetophenone) readily afforded the corresponding 2-substituted quinoxalines (IV, X-XXI, XXIV-XXVIII, XXXI, XXXIII).
Integrity regions (2006)

We introduce Integrity (I) regions, a novel security primitive that enables message authentication in wireless networks without the use of pre-established or pre-certified keys. Integrity regions are based on the verification of entity proximity through time-of-arrival ranging techniques. We demonstrate how I-regions can be efficiently implemented with ultrasonic ranging, in spite of the fact that ultrasound ranging techniques are vulnerable to distance enlargement and reduction attacks. We further discuss how I-regions can be used in key establishment applications in peer-to-peer wireless networks.
The Importance of Lactic Acid Bacteria for Phytate Degradation during Cereal Dough Fermentation (2007)

Lactic acid fermentation of cereal flours resulted in a 100 (rye), 95-100 (wheat), and 39-47% (oat) reduction in phytate content within 24 h. The extent of phytate degradation was shown to be independent from the lactic acid bacteria strain used for fermentation. However, phytate degradation during cereal dough fermentation was positively correlated with endogenous plant phytase activity (rye, 6750 mU g(-1); wheat, 2930 mU g(-1); and oat, 23 mU g(-1)), and heat inactivation of the endogenous cereal phytases prior to lactic acid fermentation resulted in a complete loss of phytate degradation. Phytate degradation was restored after addition of a purified phytase to the liquid dough. Incubation of the cereal flours in buffered solutions resulted in a pH-dependent phytate degradation. The optimum of phytate degradation was shown to be around pH 5.5. Studies on phytase production of 50 lactic acid bacteria strains, previously isolated from sourdoughs, did not result in a significant production of intra- as well as extracellular phytase activity. Therefore, lactic acid bacteria do not participate directly in phytate degradation but provide favorable conditions for the endogenous cereal phytase activity by lowering the pH value.
CONTROL OF THE TOBACCO HABIT (1936)

Article1 November 1936CONTROL OF THE TOBACCO HABITJOHN L. DORSEY, M.D., F.A.C.P.JOHN L. DORSEY, M.D., F.A.C.P.Search for more papers by this authorAuthor, Article, and Disclosure Informationhttps://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-10-5-628 SectionsAboutPDF ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditEmail ExcerptThe physician is frequently called upon to plan a regimen for the patient under his care where it is more or less apparent that some restriction in the use of tobacco is desirable. The indications for such limitation are not clear-cut because the effects of nicotine as a chronic poison to those who habitually smoke to excess are by no means obvious, and are certainly subject to considerable individual variation. Whether nicotine plays a definite part in various forms of vascular disturbance may be open to some discussion, but it is within the practitioner's routine experience to observe that appetite... This content is PDF only. To continue reading please click on the PDF icon. Author, Article, and Disclosure InformationAffiliations: Baltimore, Maryland*Received for publication April 30, 1936. PreviousarticleNextarticle Advertisement FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails Metrics Cited byFrom the Birth of the Smokers' Clinic to the Invention of Nicorette: Problematizing Smoking as Addiction in Sweden 1955-1971Current and Emerging Pharmacotherapeutic Options for Smoking CessationLobeline for smoking cessationHistory, chemistry and biology of alkaloids from Lobelia inflataEstado actual y futuras terapias farmacológicas en la deshabituación tabáquicaTratamiento farmacológico del tabaquismoNon-Nicotine Pharmacotherapy for Smoking CessationAdvances in Non-Nicotine Pharmacotherapy for Smoking CessationLobeline for smoking cessationCommunity-based Programs for Smoking CessationCigarette smoking: The clinician's role in cessation, prevention, and public healthProgress in understanding the relationship between the pharmacological effects of nicotine and human tobacco dependenceThe nature and treatment of cigarette dependenceThe Treatment of Cigarette DependenceThe Problem of Cigarette Smoking and Its ControlLobeline and Reduction of Cigarette SmokingMedikamentöse Behandlung des RauchersClinical factors in smoking withdrawal: preliminary report.THE TREATMENT OF ADDICTIVE SMOKERSBUFFERED LOBELINE AS A SMOKING DETERRENTRADIOGRAPHY OF THE EARLOBELINE AND NICOTINEL 1 November 1936Volume 10, Issue 5Page: 628-631KeywordsHabitsNicotinePatientsTobacco control ePublished: 1 December 2008 Issue Published: 1 November 1936 PDF downloadLoading ...
Some Physicochemical Remarks on Spontaneous Emulsification of Vitreal Tamponades (2014)

The importance of gravitational instability in determining the emulsification of vitreal tamponades is discussed. Theoretical results and numerical simulations indicate that the spontaneous formation of water-silicon oil is a rare event and that the very low concentration of surface active agents cannot justify the systematic formation of emulsions. The gravitational instabilities seem to play the main role. Our theoretical results seem in agreement with the experimental evidences; furthermore they indicate a future research line for the improvement of endotamponades. Indeed, the use of biodegradable antifoam may avoid the formation of bubbles and delay the formation of emulsions.