gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Assembly and Stability of Nisin−Lipid II Pores (2004)

The peptide antibiotic nisin was the first reported example of an antibiotic that kills bacteria via targeted pore formation. The specific target of nisin is Lipid II, an essential intermediate in the bacterial cell-wall synthesis. High-affinity binding of the antibiotic to Lipid II is followed by rapid permeabilization of the membrane. Here, we investigated the assembly and stability of nisin-Lipid II pore complexes by means of pyrene fluorescence and circular dichroism. We demonstrated that nisin uses all available Lipid II molecules in the membrane to form pore complexes. The pore complexes have a uniform structure and consist of 8 nisin and 4 Lipid II molecules. Moreover, the pores displayed a remarkable stability, because they were able to resist the solubilization of the membrane environment by mild detergents. Similar experiments with [N20P/M21P]nisin showed that the hinge region is essential for the assembly into stable pore complexes. The new insights were used to propose a refined model for nisin pore formation.
Large vocabulary continuous speech recognition for Vietnamese, an under-resourced language. (2008)

This paper proposes a method to build a Vietnamese Large Vocabulary Continuous Speech Recognition system (Vietnamese LVCSR system). The difference between Vietnamese and European languages is analyzed and used to adapt a LVCSR system for European languages to Vietnamese. Experiments are implemented on the VNSPEECHCORPUS. The results show that the accuracy of Vietnamese recognition system is increased by using Vietnamese language characteristics.
Case-based reasoning: A review (1994)

Abstract Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) is a relatively recent problem solving technique that is attracting increasing attention. However, the number of people with first-hand theoretical or practical experience of CBR is still small. The main objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the subject to people new to CBR. The paper outlines the development of CBR in the US in the 1980s. It describes the fundamental techniques of CBR and contrasts its approach to that of model-based reasoning systems. 1 A critical review of currently available CBR software tools is followed by descriptions of CBR applications both from academic research and, in more detail, three CBR systems that are presently being used commercially. Each of the three commercial case studies highlights features that made CBR particularly suitable for the application. Moreover, the last case study describes a development methodology for implementing CBR systems. The paper concludes with a research agenda for CBR. A detailed categorized bibliography of CBR research is provided in a companion paper (Marir & Watson, 1994).
Adaptive Cruise Control System using Balance-Based Adaptive Control technique (2012)

In this paper, a nonlinear Balance-Based Adaptive Control (B-BAC) technique is proposed for the design of an Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC) System. The architecture for ACC system represents the cascade control and it includes two control loops. The B-BAC technique accounts for system nonlinearities and it allows for split range control of both the brake and the throttle so it can be utilized in the design of the inner-loop control, while the outer-loop control is based on a simple proportional controller. The results of the simulation prove the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm in distance and speed tracking as well as providing the smooth variation of the vehicle acceleration.
Adaptive model predictive control of uncertain constrained systems (2014)

This paper studies adaptive model predictive control (AMPC) of systems with time-varying and state-dependent uncertainties. We propose an estimation and prediction architecture within the min-max MPC framework. An adaptive estimator is presented to estimate the set-valued measure of the uncertainty using piecewise constant adaptive law. We show that this measure can be arbitrarily accurate if the sampling period in adaptation is small enough. Based on this measure, a prediction scheme is provided that predicts the time-varying feasible set of the uncertainty over the prediction horizon. The results indicate that the proposed approach can efficiently reduce the size of the feasible set for the uncertainty in min-max MPC setting, and therefore improve the control performance. Simulations verify the theoretical results.
Analytical Aspects of Biomarker Immunoassays in Cancer Research (2006)

Many difficulties associated with immuno(metric) assay kits designed for quantification of a particular biomarker arise from their variation in specificity and binding affinity of the employed antibodies. Other important sources causing varying assay results are the use of different standard preparations in these kits and the nonuniform preanalytical specimen processing procedures employed, each of which should be subjected to standardization. To improve the performance and comparability of assays, continuous interlaboratory external quality control procedures are needed. Such quality assurance programs provide a forum for expert laboratory investigators to discuss technical details and to exchange laboratory issues and related practical information. This chapter addresses some of these issues and presents initial analytical validation procedures of newly developed biomarker assays, the validation of already established assay procedures for routine use on a day-to-day basis, and finally discusses some aspects on adequate (external) quality control proficiency testing.
Transgenic Plants Producing the Bacterial Pheromone <i>N</i>-Acyl-Homoserine Lactone Exhibit Enhanced Resistance to the Bacterial Phytopathogen <i>Erwinia carotovora</i> (2001)

Bacterial pheromones, mainly different homoserine lactones, are central to a number of bacterial signaling processes, including those involved in plant pathogenicity. We previously demonstrated that N-oxoacyl-homoserine lactone (OHL) is essential for quorum sensing in the soft-rot phytopathogen Erwinia carotovora. In this pathogen, OHL controls the coordinate activation of genes encoding the main virulence determinants, extracellular plant cell wall degrading enzymes (PCWDEs), in a cell density-dependent manner. We suggest that E. carotovora employ quorum sensing to avoid the premature production of PCWDEs and subsequent activation of plant defense responses. To test whether modulating this sensory system would affect the outcome of a plant-pathogen interaction, we generated transgenic tobacco, producing OHL. This was accomplished by ectopic expression in tobacco of the E. carotovora gene expI, which is responsible for OHL biosynthesis. We show that expI-positive transgenic tobacco lines produced the active pheromone and partially complemented the avirulent phenotype of expI mutants. The OHL-producing tobacco lines exhibited enhanced resistance to infection by wild-type E. carotovora. The results were confirmed by exogenous addition of OHL to wild-type plants, which also resulted in increased resistance to E. carotovora.
TRACTUS: Understanding and Supporting Source Code Experimentation in Hypothesis-Driven Data Science (2020)

Data scientists experiment heavily with their code, compromising code quality to obtain insights faster. We observed ten data scientists perform hypothesis-driven data science tasks, and analyzed their coding, commenting, and analysis practice. We found that they have difficulty keeping track of their code experiments. When revisiting exploratory code to write production code later, they struggle to retrace their steps and capture the decisions made and insights obtained, and have to rerun code frequently. To address these issues, we designed TRACTUS, a system extending the popular RStudio IDE, that detects, tracks, and visualizes code experiments in hypothesis-driven data science tasks. TRACTUS helps recall decisions and insights by grouping code experiments into hypotheses, and structuring information like code execution output and documentation. Our user studies show how TRACTUS improves data scientists' workflows, and suggest additional opportunities for improvement. TRACTUS is available as an open source RStudio IDE addin at http://hci.rwth-aachen.de/tractus.
Control of Leptospira hardjo infection in beef cattle by whole-herd vaccination (1992)

A whole-herd vaccination programme to control Leptospira hardjo infection was applied to a closed herd of approximately 800 beef cattle on the island of Luing in Scotland. An experimental vaccine was produced and the herd was vaccinated annually for five years. Progress was monitored by means of a catalytic model using data for age-specific serological prevalences and geometric mean titres. Any cattle introduced to the herd were subject to antibiotic treatment and quarantine, and at the end of the trial the whole herd was treated prophylactically with antibiotics to minimise the risk of residual infection. There was a progressive right shift in age-specific serological prevalences, and by the end of the trial all young stock entering the breeding herd were seronegative. The age-specific geometric mean titres demonstrated the cessation of an endemic cycle of hardjo infection in the herd. Birth cohort analysis supported the serological evidence of a high level of control, and bacteriological monitoring at the end of the trial indicated that hardjo had been eliminated from the herd.
Ultrasonic assessment of bone (2002)

The author provides a broad overview of the use of ultrasonic methods for noninvasive assessment of bone. First a brief introduction to the physical principles involved in ultrasonic methods is given. Next, a review of the published literature on ultrasonic bone assessment, including theoretical, in vitro and clinical data is presented. A description of recent developments is also provided, including results using a new clinical ultrasonic system and a new set of ultrasonic parameters. Finally, an extensive set of references is included for further inquiry.
Antibodies to Human Papillomavirus 16, 18, 58, and 6b Major Capsid Proteins among Japanese Females (1997)

Among genital human papillomaviruses (HPVs), the so-called high-risk (HPV 16, 18, etc.) and intermediate-risk (HPV 58, etc.) viruses are believed to be etiologically associated with cervical cancer. To estimate the extent of infection with common HPVs among Japanese females, we examined 328 sera from healthy donors (201) and patients with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) (22), cervical cancer (67), and condyloma acuminatum (CA) (38) for IgG antibodies against L1 capsid protein by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using virus-like particles of HPVs 16, 18, 58 and 6b (low-risk) as antigens. Antibodies recognizing conformational epitopes were found in the sera from both the patients and the healthy donors. The prevalences of anti-HPV 16, 18, and 58 antibodies in the sera from the patients with CIN (45%) and cervical cancer (49%), and that of anti-HPV 6b in the sera from the patients with CA (55%), were significantly higher than those in the sera from the age-matched healthy donors (12%, 14%, and 23%, respectively). Anti-HPV 16 was not found in some of the sera from patients with HPV 16-DNA positive CIN or cervical cancer, suggesting that HPV infection may not always induce production of anti-capsid antibodies or that the level of antibodies may not always be maintained until development of CIN or cancer. Some of the sera contained antibodies against more than one type of HPV, suggesting that the donors had been infected with different HPVs. The type-specific antibodies against capsid L1 protein of one type of HPV may not be able to prevent infections with other types of HPVs.
Influence of multimodality therapy on the management of pancreas carcinoma (1993)

Carcinoma of the pancreas has an especially grim prognosis. Only 1-3% of patients survive for 5 years. Radical pancreaticoduodenectomy, especially for minimal disease, is currently the only chance for cure. While radiation therapy does not improve overall survival, it may improve local control following radical resection and decrease pain in locally advanced cancers. Although chemotherapy has led to significant improvements in survival in patients with locally advanced disease, the overall effect is small. When surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy are administered to localized carcinomas in randomized, prospective trials, survival is significantly lengthened. Similar trials in locally advanced, unresectable pancreatic cancer also confirm the concept of synergistic interaction between therapies. Thus, pancreas carcinoma is one neoplasm where multimodality therapy has had a demonstrable, although small effect.
Body pressure distribution maps used for sitting comfort visualization (2017)

The increasing time period people spend in sitting position presents several risks of suffering musculoskeletal disorders.The main objective of this research was to raise awareness for prolonged sitting students about negative consequences of the incorrect seat.In the mainframe of the research the body pressure distribution of different body shaped students in diverse postures were measured on the most frequently used chairs in university's lecture halls and laboratories.The recorded pressure maps were analysed from sitting comfort aspects thereafter and suggestions for correct sitting postures formulated finally.Research data and analysis revealed that most of the subject sit asymmetrically on chairs, the difference between left and right sides can reach 25%, the body built and sitting posture has a significant influence on the pressure distribution and peak pressures in the selected zones.Beside to a comfortable seat a special attention should be paid also to a correct posture, because many of health complains can be linked to the latter.
Ultrasound guided needle biopsy of skeletal muscle in neuromuscular disease (1990)

Guided by ultrasonography percutaneous needle biopsy of skeletal muscle was performed in 24 patients, using the one hand held Biopty system and a 2 mm Tru-Cut needle. The specimens were graded with regard to diagnostic quality and utility and almost all specimens (96%) were of highest quality. The use of ultrasonography was helpful in selecting a suitable area for the biopsy and vascular structures could be avoided. The procedure was well tolerated and easy to perform, and no complications were recorded.
Electronic properties of β-TaON and its surfaces for solar water splitting (2018)

Recently, oxynitrides materials such as β-TaON has been using as a photoanode material in the field of photocatalysis and is found to be promising due to its suitable band gap and charge carrier mobility. Computational study of the crystalline β-TaON in the form of primitive unit cell, supercell and its N, Ta, and O terminated surfaces are carried out with the help of periodic density functional theory (DFT). Optical and electronic properties of all these different species are simulated, which predict TaON as the best candidate for photocatalytic water splitting contrast to their Ta2O5 and Ta3N5 counterparts. The calculated bandgap, valence band, and conduction band edge positions predict that β-TaON should be an efficient photoanodic material. The valence band is made up of N 2p orbitals with a minor contribution from O 2p, while the conduction band is made up of Ta 5d. Turning to thin films, the valence band maximum; VBM (−6.4 eV vs. vacuum) and the conduction band minimum; CBM (−3.3 eV vs. vacuum) of (010)-O terminated surface are respectively well below and above the redox potentials of water as required for photocatalysis. Charge carriers have smaller effective masses than in the (001)-N terminated film (VBM −5.8 and CBM −3.7 eV vs. vacuum). However, due to wide band gap (3.0 eV) of (010)-O terminated surface, it cannot absorb visible wavelengths. On the other hand, the (001)-N terminated TaON thin film has a smaller band gap in the visible region (2.1 eV) but the bands are not aligned to the redox potential of water. Possibly a mixed phase material would produce an efficient photoanode for solar water splitting, where one phase performs the oxidation and the other reduction.
Real-Time Diversion Quantification and Optimization Using DTS (2007)

Abstract In matrix treatments, optimum placement of the injected fluids is essential. Over the years, several diversion techniques have been applied to obtain a desired fluid distribution. The latest developments in the application of distributed temperature sensing (DTS) during matrix treatments to monitor temperature profiles along the wellbore in real time show that fluid distribution can be quantified. This paper discusses the application of DTS to quantify the effectiveness of diversion agents. Quantification of fluid distribution makes it possible to determine the flow distribution both before and after a diverter stage so that the diversion effect can be evaluated. Knowledge of the diverter effect will lead to better understanding of the diversion process and subsequently to optimization of future treatment designs. Ultimately, use of real-time quantification of the effect of diversion will lead to the development of real-time optimization itself. In real-time optimization, the results of a diverter stage will be used to adjust the next diverter stage to optimize placement. The post-treatment analysis of the temperature profiles showed that flow distribution can be quantified both before and after a diverter stage. Based on the observations, the decision was made to develop a diagnostics tool that can be used in real time and will enable real-time quantification. The novel approach of using the diagnostics tool in combination with DTS during matrix acid treatments will help to further optimize diversion treatments. This optimization is both an optimization during the treatment and an optimization of diverter stages in future treatments.
Single‐Dose Pharmacokinetics and Effect of Food on the Bioavailability of Topiramate, A Novel Antiepileptic Drug (1996)

Topiramate, a new antiepileptic drug effective in controlling partial-onset seizures, was administered to humans for the first time as single oral doses of 100 mg, 200 mg, 400 mg, 800 mg, and 1,200 mg in a phase I safety and pharmacokinetic study. Model-independent pharmacokinetic data analysis was performed on plasma concentration and renal excretion data for topiramate. Maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) were observed between 1.4 and 4.3 hours after administration. Mean values for plasma Cmax and area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) increased linearly with dose; however, a greater-than-proportional increase in both parameters was observed, probably due to saturable binding of the drug to erythrocytes. Mean oral clearance (Cl/F) was 22.5 to 36.1 mL/min and mean volume of distribution (Vd/F) was 38.5 to 58.0 L. Approximately 50% of the dose was excreted renally and cumulative urinary excretion increased linearly and proportionally over the 200 mg to 1,200 mg dose range. Elimination half-life (t1/2) values calculated from plasma (21.5 hrs) and urinary data (18.5 hrs) were consistent and independent of dose. Intersubject variability was low for all parameters. Renal clearance was 13.9 mL/min, suggesting that renal tubular reabsorption may be prominently involved in the renal handling of topiramate. The elimination profile of topiramate indicated that longer sampling times are necessary in future studies to more accurately determine the t1/2. Food effect studies indicated a slight reduction in the rate (approximately 10% decrease in mean Cmax and mean tmax approximately 2 hours later) but not the extent of absorption when topiramate was given with food. Topiramate demonstrates a number of favorable pharmacokinetic features, including linear and predictable dose-concentration relationships, excretion mainly as unchanged drug by the kidney, a dose-independent t1/2, low intersubject variability in pharmacokinetic parameters, and lack of clinically significant effect of food on bioavailability.
Nostradamus For Dummies (2005)

Introduction. Part I: Nostradamus, This Is Your Life! Chapter 1: The Stuff Legends Are Made Of. Chapter 2: Winds of Change: Renaissance Life. Chapter 3: The Man Behind the Legend. Part II: The Big Influences on Nostradamus. Chapter 4: People, Events, and Institutions that Shaped Nostradamus's Prophecies. Chapter 5: The Motivations and Methods of Nostradamus. Chapter 6: Peeling Back the Layers of the Prophecies. Part III: The Prophecies From Nostradamus's Time to Napoleon. Chapter 7: Predictions that Created a Legendary Beginning. Chapter 8: Foreseeing Royally Good (and Dangerous) Times. Chapter 9: Royal Betrayal and the French Revolution. Chapter 10: Suffering from a Napoleon Complex. Part IV: The Prophecies of the Modern Era. Chapter 11: Revealing Times of War. Chapter 12: Focusing on Hitler and World War II. Chapter 13: Telling the Tales of the Three Antichrists. Chapter 14: Taking a Technological Tour. Chapter 15: Playing Politics: People and Events of the 20th Century. Chapter 16: Looking at Events in the New Millennium. Part V: The Prophecies of a Future Era. Chapter 17: The Future of Religion and the Family. Chapter 18: Foreseeing Disasters in Our Future. Chapter 19: Looking Toward the Age of Aquarius. Part VI: The Part of Tens. Chapter 20: Ten Insights into the Life and Mind of Nostradamus. Chapter 21: Ten Tips for Exploring The Prophecies on Your Own. Chapter 22: Ten Tips on Finding Quality Resources. Appendix: A Brief Chronology of Nostradamus's Life and Times. Index.
On deriving longer fingerprints from features based on projections (2010)

We propose three methods to derive longer fingerprints from features using projection based hashing methods. For this class of hashing methods, a feature matrix is projected onto a set of projection matrices. Then, the projected values are compared to a threshold to derive the hash bits. The methods proposed in this paper reduce the increase in average number of collisions per hour of content in the database by creating longer fingerprint codewords. The first method derives 56 fingerprint bits by projecting the feature matrix onto 56 projection matrices by deriving one bit from each projected value. The second method uses 36 projection matrices but derives 56 fingerprint bits by deriving varying number of bits from each projected value. The third method also 36 projection matrices but derives 56 bits by creating more features that capture the relationships between the projected values. We present experimental results comparing these three methods to a baseline method in terms of collision performance and robustness.