gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Luminescence from erbium-doped silicon nanocrystals in silica: Excitation mechanisms (2002)

We develop a model for the excitation of erbium ions in erbium-doped silicon nanocrystals via coupling from confined excitons generated within the silicon nanoclusters. The model provides a phenomenological picture of the exchange mechanism and allows us to evaluate an effective absorption cross section for erbium of up to 7.3×10−17 cm2: four orders of magnitude higher than in stoichiometric silica. We address the origin of the 1.6 eV emission band associated with the silicon nanoclusters and determine absorption cross sections and excitonic lifetimes for nanoclusters in silica which are of the order of 1.02×10−16 cm2 and 20–100 μs, respectively.
Capacity based nondestructive readout for complementary resistive switches (2011)

Complementary resistive switches (CRS) were recently suggested to solve the sneak path problem of larger passive memory arrays. CRS cells consist of an antiserial setup of two bipolar resistive switching cells. The conventional destructive readout for CRS cells is based on a current measurement which makes a considerable call on the switching endurance. Here, we report a new approach for a nondestructive readout (NDRO) based on a capacity measurement. We suggest a concept of an alternative setup of a CRS cell in which both resistive switching cells have similar switching properties but are distinguishable by different capacities. The new approach has the potential of an energy saving and fast readout procedure without decreasing cycling performance and is not limited by the switching kinetics for integrated passive memory arrays.
Differential expression of β1,3galactosyltransferases in human colon cells derived from adenocarcinomas or normal mucosa<sup>1</sup> (1999)

Two beta1,3galactosyltransferases are detected in human colon cells: one corresponds to beta3GalT1, the other (beta3GalTx) is found to be different from any cloned beta3GalT since in vitro it utilizes GlcNAc very efficiently under specific reaction conditions. Expression of beta3GalT1 transcript is high in normal colon mucosa and control neuroectodermal cells, which do not express sialyl-Lewis a antigen, and low in colon adenocarcinoma cells, as assessed by competitive RT-PCR. beta3GalTx activity is high in adenocarcinoma cells expressing sialyl-Lewis a and undetectable in all other cells, suggesting differential involvement and opposite regulation of such enzymes during carcinogenesis.
Pilot-aided carrier phase recovery for M-QAM using superscalar parallelization based PLL (2012)

In this paper, we present a carrier phase recovery (CPR) algorithm using a modified superscalar parallelization based phase locked loop (M-SSP-PLL) combined with a maximum-likelihood (ML) phase estimation. Compared to the original SSP-PLL, M-SSP-PLL + ML reduces the required buffer size using a novel superscalar structure. In addition, by removing the differential coding/decoding and employing ML phase recovery it also improves the performance. In simulation, we show that the laser linewidth tolerance of M-SSP-PLL + ML is comparable to blind phase search (BPS) algorithm, which is known to be one of the best CPR algorithms in terms of performance for arbitrary QAM formats. In 28 Gbaud QPSK (112 Gb/s) and 16-QAM (224 Gb/s), and 7 Gbaud 64-QAM (84 Gb/s) experiments, it is also demonstrated that M-SSP-PLL + ML can increase the transmission distance by at least 12% compared to BPS for each of them. Finally, the computational complexity is discussed and a significant reduction is shown for our algorithm with respect to BPS.
Occurrence of Giardia and Cryptosporidium spp. in surface water supplies (1991)

Giardia and Cryptosporidium levels were determined by using a combined immunofluorescence test for source waters of 66 surface water treatment plants in 14 states and 1 Canadian province. The results showed that cysts and oocysts were widely dispersed in the aquatic environment. Giardia spp. were detected in 81% of the raw water samples. Cryptosporidium spp. were found in 87% of the raw water locations. Overall, Giardia or Cryptosporidium spp. were detected in 97% of the raw water samples. Higher cyst and oocyst densities were associated with source waters receiving industrial or sewage effluents. Significant correlations were found between Giardia and Cryptosporidium densities and raw water quality parameters such as turbidity and total and fecal coliform levels. Statistical modeling suggests that cyst and oocyst densities could be predicted on the basis of watershed and water quality characteristics. The occurrence of high levels of Giardia cysts in raw water samples may require water utilities to apply treatment beyond that outlined in the Surface Water Treatment Rule of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency.
APPLICATION OF STATISTICAL SAMPLING METHODS TO TRAFFIC PERFORMANCE AT URBAN INTERSECTIONS (1947)

THE FREQUENCY OF TIME SPACINGS BETWEEN SUCCESSIVE VEHICLES WAS FOUND TO COINCIDE VERY CLOSELY WITH THE THEORETICAL SPACING GIVEN BY THE POISSON LAW. THE DIFFERENCES IN THE SPACINGS ARE INSIGNIFICANT EXCEPT FOR THOSE LESS THAN 1 SEC. DUE TO THE LENGTHS OF VEHICLES AND THE SPACING REQUIRED BY DRIVERS TO AVOID REAR END COLLISIONS, IT IS OBVIOUS THAT THERE SHOULD BE RELATIVELY FEW SPACINGS IN MOVING TRAFFIC UNDER ONE SECOND COMPARED TO THE THEORETICAL SERIES WHICH REFERS TO DIMENSIONLESS POINTS. IN CERTAIN CALCULATIONS, SUCH AS DELAY AT SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS, IT IS NOT THE DISTRIBUTION OF SPACINGS THAT IS USED, BUT THE NUMBER OF VEHICLES APPEARING IN A GIVEN TIME INTERVAL. FOR RELATIVELY LARGE TIME INTERVALS, SAY ABOUT 15 SECONDS, THE DISTRIBUTION HOLDS VERY CLOSELY TO THE RANDOM SERIES. OFTEN VERY LITTLE CALCULATION IS NECESSARY TO ARRIVE AT RESULTS, FOR THERE ARE PUBLISHED TABLES GIVING BOTH THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE CUMULATED TERMS OF THE POISSON SERIES. WITH TRAFFIC BEHAVIOR CONFORMING TO THE POISSON SERIES, IT IS EXPECTED THAT THE TECHNIQUES OF SAMPLING AND CONTROL FOUND VALUABLE IN INDUSTRY WILL FIND INCREASING USE IN TRAFFIC CONTROL AND REGULATION. /AUTHOR/
Organic Arsenicals As Efficient and Highly Specific Linkers for Protein/Peptide–Polymer Conjugation (2015)

The entropy-driven affinity of trivalent (in)organic arsenicals for closely spaced dithiols has been exploited to develop a novel route to peptide/protein-polymer conjugation. A trivalent arsenous acid (As(III)) derivative (1) obtained from p-arsanilic acid (As(V)) was shown to readily undergo conjugation to the therapeutic peptide salmon calcitonin (sCT) via bridging of the Cys(1)-Cys(7) disulfide, which was verified by RP-HPLC and MALDI-ToF-MS. Conjugation was shown to proceed rapidly (t < 2 min) in situ and stoichiometrically through sequential reduction-conjugation protocols, therefore exhibiting conjugation efficiencies equivalent to those reported for the current leading disulfide-bond targeting strategies. Furthermore, using bovine serum albumin as a model protein, the trivalent organic arsenical 1 was found to demonstrate enhanced specificity for disulfide-bond bridging in the presence of free cysteine residues relative to established maleimide functional reagents. This specificity represents a shift toward potential orthogonality, by clearly distinguishing between the reactivity of mono- and disulfide-derived (vicinal or neighbors-through-space) dithiols. Finally, p-arsanilic acid was transformed into an initiator for aqueous single electron-transfer living radical polymerization, allowing the synthesis of hydrophilic arsenic-functional polymers which were shown to exhibit negligible cytotoxicity relative to a small molecule organic arsenical, and an unfunctionalized polymer control. Poly(poly[ethylene glycol] methyl ether acrylate) (PPEGA480, DPn = 10, Mn,NMR = 4900 g·mol(-1), Đ = 1.07) possessing a pentavalent arsenic acid (As(V)) α-chain end was transformed into trivalent As(III) post-polymerization via initial reduction by biological reducing agent glutathione (GSH), followed by binding of GSH. Conjugation of the resulting As(III)-functional polymer to sCT was realized within 35 min as indicated by RP-HPLC and verified later by thermodynamically driven release of sCT, from the conjugate, in the presence of strong chelating reagent ethanedithiol.
Human Embryonic Stem Cell Lines Model Experimental Human Cytomegalovirus Latency (2013)

Herpesviruses are highly successful pathogens that persist for the lifetime of their hosts primarily because of their ability to establish and maintain latent infections from which the virus is capable of productively reactivating. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), a betaherpesvirus, establishes latency in CD34(+) hematopoietic progenitor cells during natural infections in the body. Experimental infection of CD34(+) cells ex vivo has demonstrated that expression of the viral gene products that drive productive infection is silenced by an intrinsic immune defense mediated by Daxx and histone deacetylases through heterochromatinization of the viral genome during the establishment of latency. Additional mechanistic details about the establishment, let alone maintenance and reactivation, of HCMV latency remain scarce. This is partly due to the technical challenges of CD34(+) cell culture, most notably, the difficulty in preventing spontaneous differentiation that drives reactivation and renders them permissive for productive infection. Here we demonstrate that HCMV can establish, maintain, and reactivate in vitro from experimental latency in cultures of human embryonic stem cells (ESCs), for which spurious differentiation can be prevented or controlled. Furthermore, we show that known molecular aspects of HCMV latency are faithfully recapitulated in these cells. In total, we present ESCs as a novel, tractable model for studies of HCMV latency.
Involvement of the Junctional Adhesion Molecule-1 (JAM1) Homodimer Interface in Regulation of Epithelial Barrier Function (2004)

Junctional adhesion molecule-1 (JAM1) is a tight junction-associated immunoglobulin superfamily protein implicated in the regulation of tight junctions and leukocyte transmigration. The structural basis for the function of JAM1 has yet to be determined. Here we provide evidence that JAM1 homodimer formation is important for its function in epithelial cells. Experiments were conducted to determine the effects of a panel of JAM1 monoclonal antibodies on epithelial barrier recovery after transient disruption by calcium switch. Two monoclonal antibodies were observed to inhibit barrier recovery in contrast to another monoclonal antibody that had no effect. Epitope mapping by phage display revealed that both inhibitory antibodies bind to a region of JAM1 located within the N-terminal Ig-like loop (residues 111-123). Competition experiments with synthetic peptides and site-directed mutagenesis confirmed the location of this epitope. Analysis of the crystal structure of JAM1 revealed that this epitope includes residues within the putative homodimer interface, and one of the two inhibitory antibodies was then shown to block JAM1 homodimer formation in vitro. Finally, mutations within the homodimer interface were shown to prevent enrichment of JAM1 at points of cell contact, presumably by interference with homophilic interactions. These findings suggest that homodimer formation may be important for localization of JAM1 at tight junctions and for regulation of epithelial barrier function.
Electrical-stress-induced conductivity increase in SrTiO3 films (2006)

The charge transport of polycrystalline SrTiO3 films doped with Cr is investigated by means of temperature- and electric-field-dependent current measurements. In particular, the effect of electrical stress on the conduction mechanism is analyzed to understand the forming process of samples exhibiting resistance-switching phenomena. The temperature dependence of the conductivity can be described with the variable-range hopping model. The electrical-stress-induced conductivity increase of SrTiO3:Cr films is accompanied by a change of the temperature dependence corresponding to a significant increase of the density of localized states.
CD44 isoforms during differentiation and development (1995)

During mouse early development cell adhesion molecules are indispensable for the embryo organisation. A family of molecules probably involved in development is the transmembrane glycoprotein CD44 family, which exists in multiple isoforms. These are generated by alternative splicing of the pre-mRNA, resulting in the enlargement of the extracellular part of the molecule. The standard form of CD44 is widely expressed in adult tissues and in embryos from day 9.5 post coitum onwards, while the numerous variant isoforms exhibit highly specialised patterns of expression that are already in the egg cylinder at day 6.5 of development. In lymphohemopoiesis, specific variant isoforms also emerge at decisive differentiation stages. Although specific ligands for the variant region still await isolation, the highly organised expression of CD44 variant isoforms suggests they have a pivotal role in cellular interactions during early development, pattern formation and hemopoiesis.
Intermediate filaments: molecular architecture, assembly, dynamics and polymorphism (1999)

1. Introduction 100 2. Molecular architecture 107 2.1 Primary structure 108 2.1.1 Homologous regions 109 2.1.2 Chain typing 115 2.1.3 Post-translational modifications 117 2.2 Secondary structure 118 2.2.1 Central rod domain 118 2.2.2 Head and tail domains 119 2.3 Tertiary structure 123 2.3.1 Coiled-coil rod domain 123 2.3.1.1 Specificity through salt bridges 124 2.3.1.2 Specificity through apolar interactions 127 2.3.1.3 A consensus trigger sequence for two-stranded coiled-coils 128 2.3.2 Discontinuities in the rod domain 128 2.3.2.1 Links 129 2.3.2.2 Stutter 131 2.3.3 Head and tail domains 131 2.4 Electron microscope observations 133 3. Assembly 136 3.1 Role of the coiled-coil rod domain 137 3.2 Role of end domains 141 3.3 Experimentally induced crosslinks and modes of assembly 145 3.4 Naturally occurring crosslinks for tissue coordination 154 3.5 STEM data 154 4. Quaternary structure 160 4.1 Protofilaments and protofibrils 160 4.2 Head and tail domains 163 4.3 Surface lattice structure 164 4.4 Crystal studies on intermediate filament fragments 168 5. Polymorphism 169 5.1 Variations on a theme 170 5.1.1 Axial structure 170 5.1.2 Lateral structure 171 6. Keratin intermediate filament chains in diseases 172 7. Concluding remarks 175 8. Acknowledgments 176 9. References 176 Three types of intracellular filament have been identified in eukaryotic cells, and together they constitute the key elements of the cytoskeleton. They are the microtubules, the actin-containing microfilaments and the intermediate filaments. The uniqueness of the former two types of filament in cells has been well known for a long time but, in contrast, the intermediate filaments have been a relative new-comer to the scene. The microtubules and the microfilaments have always been easy to distinguish from one another on the grounds of their respective sizes (microtubules are about 25 nm in diameter and microfilaments are about 7–10 nm in diameter). Additionally, microtubules were capable of being disaggregated by the action of colchicine, and microfilaments could be disassembled by other drugs or be decorated with heavy meromyosin to generate arrowhead-like structures. Importantly, in both microtubules and microfilaments the constituent protein subunits were arranged to give the filaments a directionality, and the ability of these filaments to function in vivo depended crucially on this feature of their structure. Microtubules, for example, are involved in mitosis, motility and transport within the cell: each of these functions is clearly a ‘directional’ one. With this background the discovery and characterization of the intermediate filaments can begin.
Comparison of picosecond and femtosecond laser ablation for surface engraving of metals and semiconductors (2012)

In order to minimize thermal load to the workpiece pico- and femtosecond lasers gain an increasing market share in industrial applications such as surface structuring or thin film selective ablation. Due to nonlinear absorption they are capable to process any type of material (dielectrics, semiconductors, metals) and provide an outstanding quality suppressing heat affects on the workpiece. In this paper, we report on results about surface engraving of metals (Al, Cu, Mo, Ni), semiconductor (Si) and polymer (PC) using a picosecond thin disk Yb:YAG-amplifier, which could be used in the picosecond regime as well as in the femtosecond regime by simply changing the seed laser source. In the picosecond regime the oscillator pulses, ranging from 10 to 34ps, can be directly amplified which leads to a quite simple and efficient amplifier architecture. On the other hand, a broadband femtosecond oscillator and a CPA configuration can be used in order to obtain pulse duration down to 900fs. We compare these results to recently obtained achievements using commercial femtosecond lasers based on Yb-doped crystals and fibers and operating at comparable output power levels, up to 15Watt. Finally, we have considered etch rate and process efficiency for both ps- and fs-regimes as a function of average power, of fluence and of intensity.
[Controlled rubella vaccination at the Stuttgart Public Health Center]. (1991)

Experience has shown that mass vaccination of pre-puberty girls against rubella (German measles), as recommended in accordance with German legislation and performed by the Public Health authorities, is unnecessary in about three-quarters of all the girls. Besides, only relatively few girls report for such vaccination. It became possible to carry out on-target vaccination by conducting first of all a serological preliminary test with capillary blood. This pin-pointed those pupils who were likely to be susceptible to rubella infection. After the vaccination, this method enabled re-checking by means of a further antibody test. All the pupils who had been successfully vaccinated or were already satisfactorily protected, were issued a certificate to that effect. In our opinion, the increased material and personnel expenditure of such on-target vaccination is justified by the fact that the rate of participation on the part of the pupils is markedly higher, so that vaccination becomes more meaningful than before.
Structure study of single crystal BaTiO<sub>3</sub>nanotube arrays produced by the hydrothermal method (2009)

High aspect ratio BaTiO(3) nanotube arrays with single crystal structure were fabricated by the hydrothermal method at low temperature (150 degrees C). Numerous structure study methods, including x-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), were used to investigate the structure of single crystal BaTiO(3) nanotube arrays. TEM observation shows that BaTiO(3) nanotubes have identical crystallographic orientation through their growth directions. EPR and XPS studies show that the obtained BaTiO(3) nanotubes contain perceptible oxygen vacancies. Those oxygen vacancies are responsible for the observed green emission band at 545 nm (2.27 eV) detected by photoluminescence study.
Chemical Studies of Histone Acetylation (1968)

Abstract Histone fractions, f1, f2a1, f2a2, f2b, and f3, were prepared from calf thymus nuclei which had been incubated in the presence of sodium acetate-1-14C. Each of the histone fractions was digested with trypsin and with Pronase, and the resulting peptides and amino acids were separated by ion exchange and exclusion chromatography. Only the arginine-rich fractions, f2a1 and f3, were found to be appreciably labeled with 14C-acetate. All of their radioactivity could be recovered as a single chromatographic peak which was identified as e-N-acetyllysine. The comparatively lysine-rich fractions, f1 and f2b, were unlabeled and did not contain e-N-acetyllysine. The moderately lysine-rich f2a2 fraction contained small amounts of radioactive acetate and of acetyllysine, a result which may indicate either very little acetylation of this fraction or contamination of the f2a2 by small amounts of the more acetylated histones.
Oxidative Stability of Fish and Algae Oils Containing Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Bulk and in Oil-in-Water Emulsions (2002)

The oxidative stability of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)-containing fish and algae oils varies widely according to their fatty acid composition, the physical and colloidal states of the lipids, the contents of tocopherols and other antioxidants, and the presence and activity of transition metals. Fish and algal oils were initially much more stable to oxidation in bulk systems than in the corresponding oil-in-water emulsions. The oxidative stability of emulsions cannot, therefore, be predicted on the basis of stability data obtained with bulk long-chain PUFA-containing fish oils and DHA-containing algal oils. The relatively high oxidative stability of an algal oil containing 42% DHA was completely lost after chromatographic purification to remove tocopherols and other antioxidants. Therefore, this evidence does not support the claim that DHA-rich oils from algae are unusually stable to oxidation. Addition of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) prevented oxidation of both fish and algal oil emulsions without added iron and at low iron:EDTA molar concentrations. EDTA, however, promoted the oxidation of the corresponding emulsions that contained high iron:EDTA ratios. Therefore, to be effective as a metal chelator, EDTA must be added at molar concentrations higher than that of iron to inhibit oxidation of foods containing long-chain PUFA from either fish or algae and fortified with iron.
Automatic era: Presentation slides from Academic paper (2016)

Presentations are a productive approach to pass the blueprint of a work to the group of onlookers; here the framework is intended to make the presentation slides consequently from PDF document. Such produced slide can be utilized as draft slides. This draft slides will set up their last slide in a simple way, which will spare moderator's opportunity. To make presentation slide automatic, framework utilizes SVR strategy and ILP technique. SVR is used to calculate important sentences in the paper and concentrate the key elements. ILP is a strategy that connected on generated slide from the whole paper which performs sentence arrangement. Specialized papers are in PDF position having the content segment, graphical components like table, flowchart and so forth. Here the framework concentrates on content component and also graphical components to assemble presentation slide as draft slide and make slides more justifiable and distinctive.