gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Feature weighting in content based recommendation system using social network analysis (2008)

We propose a hybridization of collaborative filtering and content based recommendation system. Attributes used for content based recommendations are assigned weights depending on their importance to users. The weight values are estimated from a set of linear regression equations obtained from a social network graph which captures human judgment about similarity of items.
Comparative study of inactivation of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by commonly used antiseptic agents (1988)

A comparative study of the different reactions of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 to Lysol, Listerine, bleach, rubbing alcohol, Alcide disinfectant (Alcide Corp., Westport, Conn.), and various pHs, temperatures, and UV light exposures was performed. Both types of stock virus (titers of approximately 10(6) and 10(5.5) for types 1 and 2, respectively) were inactivated by 0.5% Lysol in 5 min; by Listerine (1:1 mixtures) in 5 min; by 2,000 ppm (2,000 microliters/liter) of bleach in 10 min; by rubbing alcohol (1:1 mixtures) at zero time; by Alcide disinfectant (0.2 ml of virus plus 2.0 ml of Alcide) at zero time; by pHs 3, 5, and 11 in 10 min; and by a temperature of 56 degrees C in 30 min. A germicidal lamp (model G30TB; General Electric Co., Schenectady, N.Y.) (30 W) at a distance of 48 cm failed to completely inactivate the two types in 15 min. Type 1 showed slightly more resistance to Listerine and bleach and significantly more resistance to heat; moreover, pH 9 did not affect the infectivity of either type after 10 min.
Calcium ionophore‐induced apoptosis of human B cells is preceded by the induced expression of early response genes (1993)

We have investigated the effects of calcium ionophore on apoptosis of Ramos human B cells. Our results show that the calcium ionophore A23187 at defined concentrations leads to apoptosis of Ramos cells. The majority of cells (> 90%) undergo apoptosis in response to ionophore. The response is rapid and nuclear condensation and DNA degradation can be detected within 2 h after addition of ionophore. In attempts to define the changes in gene expression preceding apoptosis, we investigated the expression of a panel of early response genes in these cells after ionophore addition. We show that calcium ionophore-induced apoptosis of Ramos cells is preceded by the induced expression of a number of early response genes. These results are consistent with calcium ionophore initiating changes in gene expression which may be important in signaling these cells to undergo apoptosis.
Production of p-cymene and hydrogen from a bio-renewable feedstock–1,8-cineole (eucalyptus oil) (2009)

The catalytic transformation of pure 1,8-cineole was performed in a custom-built down-flow fixed bed pyrolysis rig over various metal-doped alumina pellets controlled at temperatures between 523 K (250 °C) and 873 K (500 °C). Varying amounts of oxygen were added to the feed. Hydrophilic, hydrophobic and gaseous products were analysed separately. The hydrophilic phase was predominantly water, while the composition of the hydrophobic phase varied with catalyst type and contained mainly mixtures of both aromatic and non-aromatic C10 hydrocarbons. The main gases produced were hydrogen, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. As the reaction temperature increased, yields of gas phase components increased for all catalysts. The palladium-doped γ-Al2O3 catalyst at ∼250 °C showed excellent yields and selectivity for the continuous production of p-cymene together with hydrogen gas. For the best catalysts and reaction conditions, the process is very atom and carbon efficient, with all ten carbon atoms from the cineole molecule being used in the p-cymene product in an oxygen-free environment. The process uses no solvents and the high yields achieved ensure there is no waste clean-up required.
Correlation between MMPs and their inhibitors in breast cancer tumor tissue specimens and in cell lines with different metastatic potential (2009)

Our results suggest that the expression of MMPs and their inhibitors, at least at the transcriptional level, might be regulated by common factors and signaling pathways. Therefore, the multi-factorial analysis of these molecules could provide new and independent prognostic information contributing to the determination of more adequate therapy strategies for each patient.
Parametric Amplification along Nonlinear Transmission Lines (1960)

A pump signal propagating along a dispersionless transmission line with a distributed nonlinear capacitance is subject to deformation, since different parts of the signal move with different velocities. This process of deformation will eventually result in the formation of an electromagnetic shock wave. The deformation will affect the parametric amplification process. If a small signal consisting of a positive pulse, short compared to the pump cycle, is added to the pump signal at the input end, then it is shown that the small signal at the output must be non-negative. All other small signals, including in particular those with sinusoidal time variation, can be regarded as superpositions of these short pulses. As a consequence it is shown that, in general, a sinusoidal signal will not be increased in its fundamental frequency component, by traveling down the line together with the pump signal. There are certain exceptional frequencies, multiples of one half the pump frequency, where a suitably phased small signal may be increased at its fundamental frequency, but not by a sufficient amount to be of practical interest.
Distribution and Function of Ap-1 Clathrin Adaptor Complexes in Polarized Epithelial Cells (2001)

Expression of the epithelial cell-specific heterotetrameric adaptor complex AP-1B is required for the polarized distribution of many membrane proteins to the basolateral surface of LLC-PK1 kidney cells. AP-1B is distinguished from the ubiquitously expressed AP-1A by exchange of its single 50-kD mu subunit, mu1A, being replaced by the closely related mu1B. Here we show that this substitution is sufficient to couple basolateral plasma membrane proteins, such as a low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), to the AP-1B complex and to clathrin. The interaction between LDLR and AP-1B is likely to occur in the trans-Golgi network (TGN), as was suggested by the localization of functional, epitope-tagged mu1 by immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy. Tagged AP-1A and AP-1B complexes were found in the perinuclear region close to the Golgi complex and recycling endosomes, often in clathrin-coated buds and vesicles. Yet, AP-1A and AP-1B localized to different subdomains of the TGN, with only AP-1A colocalizing with furin, a membrane protein that uses AP-1 to recycle between the TGN and endosomes. We conclude that AP-1B functions by interacting with its cargo molecules and clathrin in the TGN, where it acts to sort basolateral proteins from proteins destined for the apical surface and from those selected by AP-1A for transport to endosomes and lysosomes.
La correspondance de McKay (2000)

Let M be a quasiprojective algebraic manifold with K_M=0 and G a finite automorphism group of M acting trivially on the canonical class K_M; for example, a subgroup G of SL(n,C) acting on C^n in the obvious way. We aim to study the quotient variety X=M/G and its resolutions Y -> X (especially under the assumption that Y has K_Y=0) in terms of G-equivariant geometry of M. At present we know 4 or 5 quite different methods of doing this, taken from string theory, algebraic geometry, motives, moduli, derived categories, etc. 
For G in SL(n,C) with n=2 or 3, we obtain several methods of cobbling together a basis of the homology of Y consisting of algebraic cycles in one-to-one correspondence with the conjugacy classes or the irreducible representations of G.
Photoluminescence from Chemically Exfoliated MoS<sub>2</sub> (2011)

A two-dimensional crystal of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) monolayer is a photoluminescent direct gap semiconductor in striking contrast to its bulk counterpart. Exfoliation of bulk MoS2 via Li intercalation is an attractive route to large-scale synthesis of monolayer crystals. However, this method results in loss of pristine semiconducting properties of MoS2 due to structural changes that occur during Li intercalation. Here, we report structural and electronic properties of chemically exfoliated MoS2. The metastable metallic phase that emerges from Li intercalation was found to dominate the properties of as-exfoliated material, but mild annealing leads to gradual restoration of the semiconducting phase. Above an annealing temperature of 300 °C, chemically exfoliated MoS2 exhibit prominent band gap photoluminescence, similar to mechanically exfoliated monolayers, indicating that their semiconducting properties are largely restored.
Photothermal properties of shape memory polymer micro‐actuators for treating stroke (2002)

Background and Objectives In this paper the photothermal engineering issues of novel shape memory polymer (SMP) microactuators for treating stroke are presented. The engineering issues for using lasers to heat and subsequently actuate these SMP devices are presented in order to provide design criteria and guidelines for intravascular, laser activated SMP devices. Materials and Methods A total of three devices will be presented: two interventional ischemic stroke devices (coil and umbrella) and one device for releasing embolic coils (microgripper). The optical properties of SMP, methods for coupling laser light into SMP, heating distributions in the SMP devices, and the impact of operating the thermally activated material in a blood vessel are presented. Results Actuating the devices requires device temperatures in the range of 65–85°C. Attaining these temperatures under flow conditions requires critical engineering of the SMP optical properties, optical coupling into the SMP, and device geometries. Conclusion Laser-activated SMP devices are a unique combination of laser-tissue and biomaterial technologies. Successful deployment of the microactuator requires well-engineered coupling of the light from the diffusing fiber through the blood into the SMP. Lasers Surg. Med. 30:1–11, 2002. © 2002 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Human Umbilical Cord-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Do Not Undergo Malignant Transformation during Long-Term Culturing in Serum-Free Medium (2014)

Our data showed that hUC-MSCs met the International Society for Cellular Therapy standards for conditions of long-term in vitro culturing at P15. Since hUC-MSCs can be safely expanded in vitro and are not susceptible to malignant transformation in serum-free medium, these cells are suitable for cell therapy.
Optimal photon energies for IUdR K-edge radiosensitization with filtered x-ray and radioisotope sources (1999)

The purpose of this work is to determine the most physically effective radiation energy for K-edge absorption of x- or gamma-rays by iododeoxyuridine (IUdR) on Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. Brachytherapy sources (Sm-145, I-125, Yb-169 and Am-241) and x-ray beams (30 kVp, 100 kVp and 100 kVp with gold, gadolinium, lead or tungsten filtration) were investigated for their preferential absorption qualities by IUdR sensitized DNA. The 30 kVp, 100 kVp and 100 kVp with tungsten filtration were then used to irradiate CHO cells, with or without IUdR incorporation (i.e. 10(-5) M of IUdR for 3 days). Radiation absorption calculations were performed to determine the increase in energy absorption in DNA with and without IUdR incorporated. In order to measure the in vitro biological effects of K-edge absorption, cell survival experiments were performed. The radiation physics calculations yielded an iodine dose enhancement ratio (DER) of 1.4+/-0.15. 1.8+/-0.15 and 2.7+/-0.15 for the 30 kVp, 100 kVp and tungsten filtered 100 kVp respectively, for 18% IUdR replacement of thymidine in DNA. The corresponding cell sensitization enhancement ratios (SER), determined from the cell survival assay, were determined to be 1.24+/-0.2, 1.8+/-0.2 and 2.3+/-0.3 for the 30 kVp, 100 kVp and tungsten filtered 100 kVp respectively, for cells with 18+/-2% IUdR incorporation. These SER values are in reasonable agreement with the DER values of 1.4, 1.8 and 2.7. From these radiation calculations and radiobiology experiments we confirm that using x-radiation energies above the K-edge of iodine (33.2 keV) can have a significant effect on cell survival. This effect is due mainly to the increase in the local dose to the DNA for IUdR-sensitized cells compared with the normal DNA which lacks the iodine contrast agent. Our results support the clinical application of IUdR and low-energy brachytherapy, perhaps using new technologies such as the x-ray needle or new isotopes such as Yb-169.
A lateral pressure sensor using a fiber Bragg grating (2004)

We have designed an all optical high-sensitivity pressure sensor based on a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) encapsulated in a polymer-half-filled metal cylinder with the sensitivity of 1.87/spl times/10/sup -2/ Mpa/sup -1/. This sensor should be applied potentially for the measurement of mediums pressure, liquid level and depth underwater.
Uterine receptivity and embryo–uterine interactions in embryo implantation: lessons from mice (2013)

Implantation is a process of the first feto-maternal encounter in the uterus. A competent blastocyst and a receptive uterus are critical for successful implantation. For an acquisition of uterine receptivity, the following conditions need to be satisfied in the uterine environments: the endometrial preparation with stromal proliferation and epithelial differentiation in the pre-receptive phase and proper interactions between the uterus and blastocyst later in the phase. Focusing on these points and primarily referring to the mouse in vivo evidence, this review article has shown detailed molecular mechanisms for successful implantation.
Advancing a culture of effective energy statistics and information management (2017)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the issues associated with the use of modern energy statistics and information management (ESIM) constructs as information sharing and decision-making mechanisms in the Caribbean community (CARICOM). The study focuses on the strategies required for advancing accepted regional goals of the creation and utilization of ESIM systems in the CARICOM energy sector, a vital precursor to national and regional generation and integration of energy information. Design/methodology/approach Primary and secondary data from CARICOM countries were analyzed, supported by an assessment methodology which examines the impact of the current state of the environment, and the policy imperatives on the data. Findings The research findings suggest that the creation and usage of energy statistics and information in the region is minimal. Several issues impact negatively on utilization, including political, visibility, awareness, resource, and cultural factors. Originality/value There are several possible alternatives for improving the state of ESIM in the region, and better understanding the peoples of the region, and the approaches to regional integration and development are instructive in deciding on the best approach. The solutions articulated in this paper are intended to achieve more inclusive high-value modalities of operation, optimize skills development and knowledge transfer, and positively impact the decision-making processes at both regional and state levels.
Characterization and Measurement of the Polarization Properties of Optical Systems in the Presence of PMD and PDL (2005)

Techniques for measuring and characterizing the polarization properties of optical systems in the presence of PMD and PDL are described, as well as methods for extraction of various physical parameters from the experimental data.
N‐acetylcysteine as an adjuvant to clomiphene citrate for successful induction of ovulation in infertile patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (2012)

NAC as a safe and well-tolerated adjuvant to CC for induction of ovulation can improve the ovulation and pregnancy rates in PCOS patients. It may also have some beneficial impacts on endometrial thickness.
<i>Escherichia coli</i> Glutamate- and Arginine-Dependent Acid Resistance Systems Increase Internal pH and Reverse Transmembrane Potential (2004)

Due to the acidic nature of the stomach, enteric organisms must withstand extreme acid stress for colonization and pathogenesis. Escherichia coli contains several acid resistance systems that protect cells to pH 2. One acid resistance system, acid resistance system 2 (AR2), requires extracellular glutamate, while another (AR3) requires extracellular arginine. Little is known about how these systems protect cells from acid stress. AR2 and AR3 are thought to consume intracellular protons through amino acid decarboxylation. Antiport mechanisms then exchange decarboxylation products for new amino acid substrates. This form of proton consumption could maintain an internal pH (pHi) conducive to cell survival. The model was tested by estimating the pHi and transmembrane potential (DeltaPsi) of cells acid stressed at pH 2.5. During acid challenge, glutamate- and arginine-dependent systems elevated pHi from 3.6 to 4.2 and 4.7, respectively. However, when pHi was manipulated to 4.0 in the presence or absence of glutamate, only cultures challenged in the presence of glutamate survived, indicating that a physiological parameter aside from pHi was also important. Measurements of DeltaPsi indicated that amino acid-dependent acid resistance systems help convert membrane potential from an inside negative to inside positive charge, an established acidophile strategy used to survive extreme acidic environments. Thus, reversing DeltaPsi may be a more important acid resistance strategy than maintaining a specific pHi value.
All-Cause Mortality Trends in a Large Population-Based Cohort With Long-Standing Childhood-Onset Type 1 Diabetes (2010)

Although survival has clearly improved, those with diabetes diagnosed most recently (1975-1979) still had a mortality rate 5.6 times higher than that seen in the general population, revealing a continuing need for improvements in treatment and care, particularly for women and African Americans with type 1 diabetes.
High Efficiency and Enantioselectivity in the Rh-Catalyzed Conjugate Addition of Arylboronic Acids Using Monodentate Phosphoramidites (2003)

A very fast reaction and enantioselectivities >98% have been reached in the rhodium-catalyzed arylboronic acid addition to enones using a monodentate phosphoramidite ligand. Temperature-dependent studies show that monodentate phosphoramidites form stable complexes with metals and can induce high enantioselectivities even at high temperatures in polar solvents.
En-gendered fears: femininity and technological risk perception (1992)

Historically, risk perception studies have paid little attention to comparative assessments based on gender, race, ethnicity, religion or class. Yet these attri butes are crucial in understanding the local acceptability of risky technologies and activities. This paper uses a feminist analysis to evaluate the efficacy of the psychometric paradigm in distinguishing risk perceptions based on gender. We find some slight differences between the views of women and men, particularly with respect to the distrust, perceived catastrophic potential, and perceived potential for death of 33 technologies and activities. Women in the sample were slightly more pessimistic about technology than men and feared those hazards that are societal in nature (nuclear weapons, CFCS, commercial nuclear power). Though only a few minor differences were found between men and women, this is partially explained by shortcomings in the design of the research instru ment. Sensitizing modifications specific to gender analysis are suggested.
Homing of Hemopoietic Progenitor Cells to the Marrow (1991)

The recognition of hemopoietic stem cell after intravenous transplantation of marrow cells occurs initially by a lectin moiety on the surface of marrow sinus endothelium. The cell is then transported across the endothelial cytoplasm much in the way that a soluble ligand, such as transferrin, is transported. In the extravascular compartment, the cell binds to lineage-specific stromal cells. This mechanism, known as homing, is mediated by a lectin-glycoconjugate interaction, the lectin being on the surface of progenitor cell with specificity for galactosyl and mannosyl residues. The binding is subsequently stabilized by membrane-bound proteoglycans, integrin-like receptors, and fibronectin.
Kalman sinogram restoration for fast and accurate PET image reconstruction (1998)

Sinogram restoration followed by filtered backprojection (FBP) is a fast method for obtaining PET images of good quality and quantitative accuracy. In previous studies, the authors used detector motion and the method of projection onto convex sets for sinogram restoration to improve on FBP reconstruction; but, the performance was observed to degrade rapidly when the noise level of PET data increased. In this paper, the authors describe a sinogram restoration method based on Kalman filtering that provides promising results in computer simulations. The potential benefits of this new method includes improved noise performance and a low computational cost which is comparable to that of conventional FBP.
Observation of 430 nm electroluminescence from ZnO/GaN heterojunction light-emitting diodes (2003)

In this work, we report on the growth, fabrication, and device characterization of wide-band-gap heterojunction light-emitting diodes based on the n-ZnO/p-GaN material system. The layer structure is achieved by first growing a Mg-doped GaN film of thickness 1 μm on Al2O3(0001) by molecular-beam epitaxy, then by growing Ga-doped ZnO film of thickness 1 μm by chemical vapor deposition on the p-GaN layer. Room-temperature electroluminescence in the blue-violet region with peak wavelength 430 nm is observed from this structure under forward bias. Light–current characteristics of these light-emitting diodes are reported, and a superlinear behavior in the low current range with a slope 1.9 and a sublinear behavior with a slope 0.85 in the high current range are observed.
Qa-1 restriction of CD8+ suppressor T cells (2004)

There is increasing evidence that the immune response can be inhibited by several T cell subsets, including NK T cells, CD25+CD4+ T cells, and a subpopulation of CD8+ T cells. Animal model studies of multiple sclerosis have suggested an important role for suppressor CD8+ T cells in protection against disease recurrence and exacerbation. The molecular lynchpin of CD8+ suppressive activity is the murine MHC molecule Qa-1, termed HLA-E in humans. Here we summarize findings from work on Qa-1 that have begun to delineate suppressor CD8+ T cells and their mechanisms of action in the context of self tolerance and autoimmune disease.
Modeling Litz-wire winding losses in high-frequency power inductors (2002)

The parasitic effects in stranded, twisted, and Litz wire windings operating at high frequencies are studied. The skin and proximity effects that cause the winding parasitic resistance of an inductor to increase with the operating frequency are considered. An expression for the AC resistance as a function of the operating frequency is given. The measured and calculated values of the inductor AC resistance and quality factor are plotted versus frequency and compared. The theoretical results were in good agreement with those experimentally measured.