gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Inositol 3,4,5,6-Tetrakisphosphate Inhibits the Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase II-activated Chloride Conductance in T84 Colonic Epithelial Cells (1996)

The mechanism by which inositol 3,4,5,6-tetrakisphosphate (Ins(3,4,5, 6)P4) regulates chloride (Cl-) secretion was evaluated in the colonic epithelial cell line T84 using whole cell voltage clamp techniques. Our studies focused on the calcium-dependent chloride conductance (gClCa) that was activated either by mobilizing intracellular calcium (Cai) stores with thapsigargin or by introduction of the autonomous, autophosphorylated calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) into the cell via the patch pipette. Basal concentrations of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 (1 microM) present in the pipette solution had no significant effect on Cl- current; however, as the concentration of the polyphosphate was increased there was a corresponding reduction in anion current, with near complete inhibition at 8-10 microM Ins(3,4,5,6)P4. Corresponding levels are found in cells after sustained receptor-dependent activation of phospholipase C. The Ins(3,4,5, 6)P4-induced inhibition of gClCa was isomer specific; neither Ins(1, 3,4,5)P4, Ins(1,3,4,6)P4, Ins(1,4,5,6)P4, nor Ins(1,3,4,5,6)P5 induced current inhibition at concentrations of up to 100 microM. Annexin IV also plays an inhibitory role in modulating gClCa in T84 cells. When 2 microM annexin IV was present in the pipette solution, a concentration that by itself has no effect on gClCa, the potency of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 was approximately doubled. The combination of Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 and annexin IV did not alter the in vitro activity of CaMKII. These data demonstrate that Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 is an additional cellular signal that participates in the control of salt and fluid secretion, pH balance, osmoregulation, and other physiological activities that depend upon gClCa activation. Ins(3,4,5,6)P4 metabolism and action should also be taken into account when designing treatment strategies for cystic fibrosis.
장애유아와 일반유아 부모의 양육특성에 관한 연구 (2011)

본 연구는 장애유아와 일반유아 부모의 양육특성, 즉 그들의 양육태도와 양육행동의 특성에 대해 살펴봄으로써 유아와 부모의 바람직한 관계를 형성시키고 그들의 전인적 발달을 위한 올바른 이해와 교육적 시사점을 제공함과 동시에 효율적인 부모교육 프로그램을 계획하는 데 있어 기초자료를 제공하기 위한 목적으로 실시되었다. 이상의 목적을 달성하기 위하여 부산지역 유치원 및 장애전담어린이집에 다니는 장애유아와 일반유아의 부모(N=172)를 대상으로 설문지법을 통해 조사한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 첫째, 장애유아와 일반유아 부모의 양육태도 중 거부적 태도를 제외한 전 영역에서 장애 유아 부모보다는 일반유아 부모가 애정적, 자율적, 통제적 태도 성향을 더 많이 보였다. 이러한 결과는 장애유아 부모의 경우 자녀를 양육함에 있어 발생하는 스트레스와 그들이 보이는 문제행동, 그리고 자녀와의 상호작용에의 어려움이 거부적인 양육태도로 발현되는 결과라 생각된다. 따라서 장애유아 부모가 직면하는 유아의 문제행동과 양육에 대한 교육 및 지원이 지역사회 및 교육기관 차원에서 다루어짐으로써 장애유아 부모의 양육에의 스트레스를 경감시켜줄 필요성이 있을 것이다. 둘째, 장애유아와 일반유아 부모의 양육행동 전 영역에서 장애유아 부모가 일반유아 부모 보다 적극적 참여, 자율 격려, 방임적 허용, 통제의 성향을 보였다. 이는 장애유아 부모가 다양한 환경 즉 치료실 및 복지관 등에서 유아들에게 많은 자극을 주어 조기에 장애를 최소 화하려는 의도가 내포된 것으로 보이며, 그 외의 환경에서는 장애유아에게 방임적 허용을 통해 스트레스를 주지 않으려고 하는 행동으로 해석된다. 하지만 이는 부모의 비일관적인 양육행동을 초래할 수 있는 것으로 그로 인해 발생할 수 있는 문제들을 미연에 방지하게 위해 지역사회 및 교육기관에서의 양육에 대한 조언과 지도가 반드시 필요할 것이다. 셋째, 양육태도와 양육행동은 애정적 태도의 성향이 높을수록 적극적 참여 행동을 많이 보였으며, 거부적 태도를 가지고 있는 부모일수록 자율 격려와 통제의 행동을 많이 보였다. 또한 자율적 태도 성향을 가진 부모일수록 적극적 참여의 행동은 많이 보이지만, 통제 행동은 많이 보이지 않았으며, 통제적 태도를 가지고 있는 부모일수록 적극적 참여의 행동과 통제 행동을 많이 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 양육태도와 양육행동은 서로 많은 관련이 있다는 사실을 입증하는 결과로 부모가 올바른 양육행동을 보이기 위해서는 바람직한 양육태도를 가져야 함을 나타낸다. 따라서 장애유아의 부모도 일반유아의 부모가 가지는 올바른 양육태도를 가질 수 있도록 현재 당면한 그들 자녀의 문제에만 관심을 두기 보다 자녀의 미래가능성에 초점을 두고 자녀를 양육할 수 있도록 부모교육 프로그램을 실시해야 할 것이다.
T-DNA Integration in Arabidopsis Chromosomes. Presence and Origin of Filler DNA Sequences   (2003)

To investigate the relationship between T-DNA integration and double-stranded break (DSB) repair in Arabidopsis, we studied 67 T-DNA/plant DNA junctions and 13 T-DNA/T-DNA junctions derived from transgenic plants. Three different types of T-DNA-associated joining could be distinguished. A minority of T-DNA/plant DNA junctions were joined by a simple ligation-like mechanism, resulting in a junction without microhomology or filler DNA insertions. For about one-half of all analyzed junctions, joining of the two ends occurred without insertion of filler sequences. For these junctions, microhomology was strikingly combined with deletions of the T-DNA ends. For the remaining plant DNA/T-DNA junctions, up to 51-bp-long filler sequences were present between plant DNA and T-DNA contiguous sequences. These filler segments are built from several short sequence motifs, identical to sequence blocks that occur in the T-DNA ends and/or the plant DNA close to the integration site. Mutual microhomologies among the sequence motifs that constitute a filler segment were frequently observed. When T-DNA integration and DSB repair were compared, the most conspicuous difference was the frequency and the structural organization of the filler insertions. In Arabidopsis, no filler insertions were found at DSB repair junctions. In maize (Zea mays) and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), DSB repair-associated filler was normally composed of simple, uninterrupted sequence blocks. Thus, although DSB repair and T-DNA integration are probably closely related, both mechanisms have some exclusive and specific characteristics.
Specific Humoral Immunity versus Polyclonal B Cell Activation in Trypanosoma cruzi Infection of Susceptible and Resistant Mice (2010)

The results of this study indicate that resistant C57Bl/6 mice had improved parasite-specific humoral responses that were associated with decreased polyclonal B cell activation. In general, Th2 cytokine responses are associated with improved antibody response. But in the context of parasite infection, this study shows that Th2 cytokine responses were associated with amplified polyclonal B cell activation and diminished specific humoral immunity. These results demonstrate that polyclonal B cell activation during acute experimental Chagas disease is not a generalized response and suggest that the nature of humoral immunity during T. cruzi infection contributes to host susceptibility.
A novel hybrid heat sink using phase change materials for transient thermal management of electronics (2004)

A hybrid heat sink concept which combines passive and active cooling approaches is proposed. The hybrid heat sink is essentially a plate fin heat sink with the tip immersed in a phase change material (PCM). The exposed area of the fins dissipates heat during periods when high convective cooling is available. When the air cooling is reduced, the heat is absorbed by the PCM. The governing conservation equations are solved using a finite-volume method on orthogonal, rectangular grids. An enthalpy method is used for modeling the melting/resolidification phenomena. Results from the analysis elucidate the thermal performance of these hybrid heat sinks. The improved performance of the hybrid heat sink compared to a finned heat sink (without a PCM) under identical conditions, is quantified. In order to reduce the computational time and aid in preliminary design, a one-dimensional fin equation is formulated which accounts for the simultaneous convective heat transfer from the finned surface and melting of the phase change material at the tip. The influence of the location, amount, and type of PCM, as well as the fin thickness on the thermal performance of the hybrid heat sink is investigated. Simple guidelines are developed for preliminary design of these heat sinks.
Natural polymers for the microencapsulation of cells (2014)

The encapsulation of living mammalian cells within a semi-permeable hydrogel matrix is an attractive procedure for many biomedical and biotechnological applications, such as xenotransplantation, maintenance of stem cell phenotype and bioprinting of three-dimensional scaffolds for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. In this review, we focus on naturally derived polymers that can form hydrogels under mild conditions and that are thus capable of entrapping cells within controlled volumes. Our emphasis will be on polysaccharides and proteins, including agarose, alginate, carrageenan, chitosan, gellan gum, hyaluronic acid, collagen, elastin, gelatin, fibrin and silk fibroin. We also discuss the technologies commonly employed to encapsulate cells in these hydrogels, with particular attention on microencapsulation.
Electromagnetic Effects in Capacitively Coupled Plasmas (2015)

Following requirements of the plasma processing industry for increasing throughput, capacitively coupled plasma reactors with large area electrodes driving by very high frequency sources have been proposed. However, such reactors with plasmas inside support modes which can negatively influence the uniformity in the ion fluxes or the average energy of the ions impinging on the substrates, which is an essential requirement of the industry. It is shown when the popular electrostatic approximation used for description of the fields in capacitively coupled plasmas (CCP) breaks down and when these modes must be treated electromagnetically. Influence of the modes on the essential parameters of the CCP discharges is discussed. A few techniques for avoiding excitation of the modes leading to the undesired nonuniformities are mentioned. Results of several experiments studying such plasma discharges are briefly reviewed.
Light-independent developmental regulation of cab gene expression in Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings. (1992)

We found a transient increase in the amount of mRNA for four nuclear genes encoding chloroplast proteins during early development of Arabidopsis thaliana. This increase began soon after germination as cotyledons emerged from the seed coat; it occurred in total darkness and was not affected by external factors, such as gibberellins or light treatments used to stimulate germination. Three members of the cab gene family and the rbcS-1A gene exhibited this expression pattern. Because timing of the increase coincided with cotyledon emergence and because it occurred independently of external stimuli, we suggest that this increase represents developmental regulation of these genes. Further, 1.34 kilobases of the cab1 promoter was sufficient to confer this expression pattern on a reporter gene in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings. The ability of the cab genes to respond to phytochrome preceded this developmental increase, showing that these two types of regulation are independent.
Relationships among Luteoviruses Based on Nucleic Acid Hybridization and Serological Studies (1990)

The luteoviruses barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV-PAV and BYDV-RPV), bean leaf roll virus (BLRV) beet western yellows virus (BWYV), carrot red leaf virus, potato leaf roll virus, and soybean dwarf virus (SDV) were compared by hybridization with random cDNA probes and serologically with polyclonal antisera. For hybridizations, filters had each RNA blotted in duplicate dots at 10 ng/dot. Random-primed cDNA probes were prepared from 300 ng of each RNA and used to probe filters at three levels of stringency. Homologies were observed between BLRV and SDV and between BWYV and BYDV-RPV at the lowest level of stringency (Tm-38). In double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using polyclonal antisera, two-way relationships were observed between BWYV and BYDV-RPV. In indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, where purified virus denatured in pH 9.6 carbonate buffer was coated directly onto microtiter plates, relationships between members of the luteoviruses were much more extensive. BLRV, BWYV, BYDV-PAV, carrot red leaf virus, potato leaf roll virus, and SDV antisera reacted with each of the six luteoviruses tested in the indirect test, while the BYDV-RPV antiserum reacted only with BYDV-RPV, BWYV, and BLRV. BWYV and BYDV-RPV are closely related in both tests and should be considered strains of one virus.
A Multiple Trait Selection Index Including Feed Efficiency (2006)

This study was conducted to develop a multiple trait index including residual feed intake with the objective to improve net feedlot revenue in market progeny of tested bulls. The selection objective was defined as H = v1E1 + v2E2 + v3E3, where aggregate genetic merit (H) was a linear function of daily DMI (E1, kg/d), ADG (E2, kg/d), and slaughter BW (E3, kg) of progeny. Regression of steer (n = 426) net revenue on traits in the objective yielded the vector of economic weights (v) with elements v1 = $−21.49, v2 = $183.73, and v3 = $0.27. The selection criterion was defined as I = b1X1 + b2X2 +b3X3, where index value (I) was a linear function of residual feed intake (X1, kg/d), ADG (X2, kg/d), and adjusted 365-d BW (X3, kg) phenotypes of tested bulls. Residual feed intake was defined as the difference between actual DMI (kg/d) and that predicted by phenotypic regression (R2 = 0.69, residual SD = 0.58 kg/d) of daily DMI on ADG, metabolic mid-test BW, and on-test gain in ultrasound subcutaneous fat depth and longissimus area in Angus bulls (n = 99). The matrix of genetic covariances of criterion traits with objective traits (G) was estimated from recent literature and the phenotypic matrix of (co)variances among criterion traits (P) was estimated from Angus bulls with test data. Criterion weights were obtained from the solution to b = P1Gv with elements b1 = −10.12, b2 = 24.79, and b3 = −0.09. Index values ofbulls adjusted to a mean of 100 (SD = 7.81) ranged from 80.1 to 115.7. Bull ADG, residual feed intake, and 365-d BW accounted for 38, 48, and 14% of the variance in index values, respectively. Phenotypic correlation estimates (P < 0.001) for index values with bull daily DMI, ADG, and residual feed intake were −0.22, 0.53, and −0.74, respectively. Index value tended (P < 0.13) to have a lesser but favorable association with scrotal circumference. Bulls with greater index values, therefore, consumed less DM, had greater ADG, and were more efficient; however, index value was not associated (P > 0.89) with 365-dBW.
Activity of serum aspartate aminotransferase isoenzymes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. (1987)

Activities of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) isoenzymes were determined in serial serum samples from 40 cases of acute myocardial infarction, and compared with activities of creatine kinase, CK-MB isoenzyme, lactate dehydrogenase, and alpha-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase for temporal changes. Cytosolic (soluble) AST (s-AST) and mitochondrial AST (m-AST) respectively increased 6.6 and 9.0 h after onset of chest pain. The median time at which serum m-AST activity peaked (15.8 U/L, range 6.4-53.5 U/L) was 47.8 h after the onset of infarction, 19.8 h later than the peak s-AST activity (171 U/L, range 53-517 U/L) and m-AST also disappeared from the serum more slowly than s-AST (p less than 0.001). Serum m-AST values were above normal for at least six days after the infarct. The ratio of m-AST to total AST in serum increased after myocardial infarction, being greatest (20%, range 11-32%) on the third day after onset. For individuals, peak activities of s-AST correlated well with total CK (r = 0.91) and CK-MB (r = 0.86) peak activities, indicating that s-AST also reflects the infarct size. However, m-AST correlated poorly with the enzymes commonly used in infarct diagnosis; it apparently provides different biological information.
How Does MRI Work? An Introduction to the Physics and Function of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (2007)

This soft-cover booklet is a completely revised English edition published only 2 y after the first English edition. The initial edition was met with great approval by the English-speaking world, providing an enormous incentive for the authors to further improve and update the text. All chapters
Context-Aware Computing: Beyond Search and Location-Based Services (2012)

The holy grail of search is intent; of browsing, scent; and of classification, meaning. Each of these pillar technologies of the information age therefore depends critically on extracting and mining human context. Context awareness is the discipline that brings together technologies for extracting data about the larger human context and reasoning with that data at scale. It seeks to make the benefits of contextualization as pervasive in our lives as technology itself.
An improved self-resonant PWM forward converter (2002)

This paper presents a forward converter with a nondissipative cell which provides a soft switching converter operation. This approach is based on the principle of the self-resonance, that is: an auxiliary voltage source feeds the resonant circuit, charging a capacitor which provides the condition for the turn on and turn off zero voltage switching (ZVS) of the switches. The complete operating principle, relevant equations, simulation and experimental results are presented.
Marine Daten-Infrastruktur Deutschland (MDI-DE) (2014)

Current questions related to changes of marine ecosystems, global warming and the resulting requirements for costal protection as well as reporting obligations of the European Union with respect to effective framework directives (INSPIRE, MSFD, etc.) require interdisciplinary access to the related spatial data.Therefore an integrated national marine and coastal information system was set up within the co-operative project "Marine Data Infrastructure (MDI-DE)".Coastal and marine data collected by 11 Federal and State agencies are made available by OGC (Open Geospatial Consortium) compliant Web services and documented with metadata according to the ISO standard.The new MDI-DE portal (www.mdi-de.org)serves as central entry point for data and information from the German coastal zone and the adjacent marine waters.This facilitates intersectoral views of resources by providing technological solutions of networking and distributed data management.The benefit of hosting the data locally is that the data from different sources can be merged in almost any way, custom-made compositions of thematic data layers can be compiled without touching the data itself.Each participating agency or institute operates a node which consists of a few basic components: services to provide the data, metadata and a database.For the provision of spatial data, the OGC has developed a number of open and international standards.The Web Map Service (WMS) to generate and visualize digital maps in the Web and the Web Feature Service (WFS) to download the data in an interoperable format such as GML (Geography Markup Language).The underlying database needs to support these services.After thus ensuring the data distribution, the last piece of the puzzle is the corresponding metadata which are harvested from the different local nodes and are provided through a standardized Catalogue Service for the Web (CSW) interface.Beyond the basic services such as WMS and WFS, a Web Processing Service (WPS) for data analysis was implemented.MDI-DE represents not only a state-of-the-art spatial data infrastructure; it also aspires to lose the 'spatial-only' attribute and includes other related data into this distributed data source.The future Web-Services provided by MDI-DE will support system analysis applications related to coastal engineering, spatial planning, nature conservation, science and ecology.
Small intensely fluorescent cells in culture: role of glucocorticoids and growth factors in their development and interconversions with other neural crest derivatives (1985)

The neural crest gives rise to a number of adrenergic derivatives, including sympathetic neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells, which contain catecholamines (CAs) but differ in other morphological and functional characteristics. Small intensely fluorescent (SIF) cells, which exist primarily as a minority cell population in autonomic ganglia, are a third cell type in the sympathoadrenal branch of the neural crest lineage. In some respects these cells appear intermediate in phenotype between sympathetic neurons and adrenal chromaffin cells. We established pure dissociated cell cultures of SIF cells from rat superior cervical ganglia (SCG) and used these to study the role of environmental factors in SIF cell development and the relationship of these cells to the other cell types of the sympathoadrenal lineage. When cells from neonatal rat SCG were grown for 3 weeks in the presence of glucocorticoid and in the absence of nerve growth factor (NGF), pure cultures of SIF cells developed. The properties of the cells included (i) small cell size and the occasional presence of short neurites, (ii) intense CA histofluorescence and immunoreactivity for CA synthetic enzymes, (iii) synthesis and storage of CA from radioactive precursors, and (iv) characteristic ultrastructure. The concentration of the glucocorticoid and the presence or absence of non-neuronal cell factors influenced which types of SIF cells developed. In micromolar glucocorticoid most of the cells resembled adrenal chromaffin or type II SIF cells: they displayed immunohistochemically detectable phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT), synthesized and stored epinephrine, and contained large granular vesicles (100 to 300 nm). When SCG cells were grown in 10(-8) M hormone, many fewer SIF cells developed and a higher percentage of these lacked PNMT immunoreactivity, had neurites, and contained vesicles of smaller mean diameter (70 to 130 nm), similar to those of type I SIF cells in vivo. In the presence of conditioned medium (medium conditioned by non-neuronal cells) as well as glucocorticoid, virtually all of the cells morphologically resembled type I SIF cells. In the absence of glucocorticoid, no SIF cells were ever observed after 3 weeks in culture. By following the development of CA histofluorescence and SIF cell ultrastructure in the cultures over time, we demonstrated that SIF cells were not present in large numbers in these cultures immediately after plating, but were induced from an apparently undifferentiated precursor by the hormonal environment, whereas most of the principal neurons died.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Structure of bovine milk fat triglycerides (1968)

The triglycerides of bovine milk fat globules were isolated and separated into short, medium and long chain lengths by thin-layer chromatography. The molecular weight distribution and the fatty acid composition of the component triglycerides was then separately determined by gas chromatography following argentation-thin-layer and preparative gas chromatography. Some 38 triglyceride types (28% of total), of which there could be up to 6 isomers, were specifically identified and quantitatively estimated. The quantitative estimates for the rest of the milk fat triglycerides were limited to much more complex glyceride groups. The results confirm the earlier claim that butyric and caproic acids occur in milk fat almost exclusively in combination with medium and long chain fatty acids.
Sensorless Control of the BLDC Motors From Near-Zero to High Speeds (2004)

This work presents the theory and implementation of a novel sensorless control technique for the brushless DC (BLDC) motor. The proposed new sensorless drive method solves the problem of the sensorless BLDC motor drives at very low speeds. It provides a highly accurate and robust sensorless operation from near zero to high speeds. For this purpose, an approach, a new flux linkage function is defined, that is speed-independent. The validity of the proposed method is verified through both simulation and experimental results and discussion.