gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Isoform‐specific regulation of transforming growth factor‐β mRNA expression in macrophages in response to adrenoceptor stimulation (2015)

Transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) is a multifunctional cytokine responsible for both immune regulation and tissue repair. Although TGF-β consists of TGF-β1, -β2, and -β3 in mammals, isoform-selective transcriptional regulation is less well documented in myeloid linage cells such as macrophages. In the present study, the effect of the stress-related catecholamine adrenaline on the expression of TGF-β isoforms in RAW264.7 macrophages and murine bone marrow-derived macrophages was examined. Treatment with adrenaline markedly increased the mRNA expression of TGF-β3 but not of TGF-β1 and -β2. Agonist and antagonist studies indicated that adrenaline-induced TGF-β3 mRNA expression is mediated via β2 -adrenoceptor. Protein kinase A (PKA) inhibitor H89 was found to block an increase in adrenoceptor-mediated TGF-β3 mRNA expression. The membrane-permeable cAMP analog 8-Br-cAMP increased the mRNA expression of TGF-β3 but not of TGF-β1 and -β2. Thus, the β2 -adrenoceptor-mediated cAMP-PKA pathway appears to enhance TGF-β3 mRNA expression in macrophages. Adrenoceptor-mediated TGF-β3 expression by macrophages may influence immune regulation and tissue repair in conditions of stress, during which the sympathetic-nervous system releases catecholamines.
Intramolecular Reductive Nitrosylation:  Reaction of Nitric Oxide and a Copper(II) Complex of a Cyclam Derivative with Pendant Luminescent Chromophores (2004)

The base-catalyzed reaction of nitric oxide with the Cu(II) complex Cu(DAC)2+ (DAC = 1,8-bis(9-anthracyl-methyl)-(1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane)) leads to reduction of the metal center and the unexpected intramolecular nitrosylation of a secondary amine.
The Use of Helium-Oxygen Mixtures in the Support of Patients with Status Asthmaticus and Respiratory Acidosis (1989)

Ten patients with status asthmaticus and respiratory or combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis were treated with a mixture of helium-oxygen (He-O2) in addition to the usual bronchodilator therapy and corticosteroids. A significant reversal of the acidosis was noted within the first 20 minutes, and no patient required subsequent intubation. The He-O2 mixture was started after the aerosolized and subcutaneous bronchodilators, but before intravenous corticosteroids and aminophylline had reached their peak effects. There were no untoward reactions and most of the patients sensed an immediate reduction in their dyspnea with the onset of He-O2 therapy. We conclude that He-O2 may be a useful adjunct to the usual medications employed in the treatment of status asthmaticus and may allow some patients to avoid intubation and mechanical ventilation.
New frequency-domain technique for joint measurement of nonlinear transition shift and partial erasure (1999)

Nonlinear transition shift (NLTS) and partial erasure have been measured independently by traditional time- or frequency-domain techniques without considering the interference between the two. In some cases, such interference can severely distort the measurement results. To solve this problem, a new frequency-domain technique is proposed that measures NLTS and partial erasure jointly. At each given density, three specially constructed periodic data patterns are written and certain harmonics of the readback signals are measured and used to calculate the amount of NLTS and partial erasure simultaneously. The method is simple and easy to implement with a spectrum analyzer.
Angle diversity receiver for indoor MIMO visible light communications (2014)

In indoor visible light communication systems, transmitters are usually within the line of sight of the receiver. In order to enjoy the benefits of using multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) system, the technique for reducing channel correlation is important. This paper proposes a MIMO system using an angle diversity receiver (ADR) to achieve high spatial multiplexing gain. In our proposed system, receiver consists of multiple photodetectors (PDs) whose normals are pointing toward different directions. As a result, the incident angles from the same light emitting diode (LED) are different for different PDs and hence, channel correlation can be reduced. The spatial separation among PDs is small and no imaging lens is required. The proposed receiver is suitable for mounting on small devices like smartphones. Performance comparisons, in terms of analytical, simulated and experimental bit error rates (BER), are carried out for a MIMO system with 4 LED transmitters and 5 PD receivers. Results show that the proposed receiver performs better than other existing non-imaging receiver designs. Our proposed MIMO system is a practically feasible solution to enjoy low channel correlation and support mobility at receiver.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Aqueous Sodium Chloride Solution at the NaCl(001) Interface with a Polarizable Water Model (2001)

The sodium chloride solution−NaCl crystal interface serves as an example of aqueous electrolytes at uncharged ionic surfaces and plays an important role in technologically relevant processes and atmospheric chemistry. This interface is investigated by classical molecular dynamics simulations at ambient pressure and generally at 298 K. A fluctuating charges version of the extended simple point charge (SPC/E) water model, the SPC/E-P model, is used to calculate structural and dynamical properties of the ions at the interface and in the bulk solution: density profiles and potentials of mean force including concentration and temperature dependencies, hydration numbers, lateral structures, and mobilities of ions parallel and perpendicular to the interface. We find that sodium ions are adsorbed selectively at the metastable NaCl(001) interface, and their mobility is strongly reduced due to adsorption. Analogous calculations using the nonpolarizable SPC/E model do not exhibit such an intense exothermic sodium ion adsorption; i.e., solvent polarization can significantly affect ionic distributions close to polar but uncharged interfaces. In the case of SPC/E-P water, dipole moment profiles are calculated also.
Peripheral GABA<sub>A</sub> receptor‐mediated effects of sodium valproate on dural plasma protein extravasation to substance P and trigeminal stimulation (1995)

1. The GABA transaminase inhibitor and activator of glutamic acid decarboxylase, valproic acid is being used for the treatment of migraine. Its mechanism of action is unknown. We tested the effects of sodium valproate and GABAA-agonist muscimol on dural plasma protein ([125I]-bovine serum albumin) extravasation evoked by either unilateral trigeminal ganglion stimulation (0.6 mA, 5 ms, 5 Hz, 5 min) or substance P (SP) administration (1 nmol kg-1,i.v.) in anaesthetized Sprague-Dawley rats. 2. Intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of sodium valproate or muscimol, but not baclofen (< or = 10 mg kg-1, i.p.) dose-dependently reduced dural plasma protein extravasation caused either by electrical trigeminal stimulation (ED50: 6.6 +/- 1.4 mg kg-1, i.p., and 58 +/- 18 micrograms kg-1, i.p. for valproate or muscimol, respectively) or by intravenous substance P administration (ED50: 3.2 +/- 1.4 mg kg-1, i.p. and 385 +/- 190 micrograms kg-1, i.p. for valproate or muscimol, respectively). 3. Valproate (6.6 mg kg-1, i.p.) or muscimol (58 micrograms kg-1, i.p.) had no effect on mean arterial blood pressure or heart rate when measured for 30 min after i.p. administration. 4. The GABAA-antagonist bicuculline (0.01 mg kg-1, i.p.) completely reversed the effect of valproate and muscimol on plasma extravasation following electrical stimulation or substance P administration, whereas the GABAB-receptor antagonist, phaclofen (0.01-1 mg kg-1, i.p.) did not. Bicuculline or phaclofen, given alone, did not alter the plasma extravasation response after either electrical stimulation or SP administration. 5. Valproate decreased plasma extravasation following substance P administration in adult animals, neonatally treated with capsaicin by a bicuculline-reversible mechanism. This suggests that GABAA receptors are not found primarily on those afferent neurones or fibres which are sensitive to capsaicin treatment in neonatal rats.6. We conclude that sodium valproate blocks plasma extravasation in the meninges through GABAA mediated postjunctional receptors probably within the meninges. The dosages required are comparable to those used clinically. Agonists and modulators at the GABAA receptor may become useful for the development of selective therapeutic agents for migraine and cluster headache.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors may reduce pathogenicity and virulence in<i>Candida albicans</i> (2007)

Candida albicans is able to establish mucosal and invasive diseases by means of different virulence factors that are frequently regulated by epigenetic mechanisms, including the acetylation-deacetylation of histones and of other regulatory proteins. The focus of our work was on understanding the possible effects of several histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) on the expression of phenotypes that are associated with virulence and pathogenicity in C. albicans, such as adhesion to epithelial cells and the yeast to hypha transition. Some of the HDACi used for experiments caused a 90% reduction in the adherence of C. albicans to human cultured pneumocytes and significantly inhibited serum-induced germination. Inhibition of germination was correlated with a significant reduction in transcription of EFG1. Inhibition appeared less evident when an HDA1-deficient strain was tested. These results suggest that selective and specific HDACi could prove to be a valid approach for selected at-risk patients in the combined treatment of infections caused by C. albicans.
E-cadherin and α-, β-, and γ-catenin protein expression in relation to metastasis in human breast carcinoma (1998)

In the metastatic process, various cell-cell adhesion molecules seem to play an important role. E-cadherin, a transmembrane protein with an extracellular and an intracellular domain, is one of the key players involved in cell-cell adhesion. The function of E-cadherin in preventing metastasis in tumour development is believed to be dependent on intracellular catenins. In a previous study, the expression of E-cadherin was examined in a series of human breast carcinomas. In that study, down-regulation of E-cadherin failed to correlate with lymph node and/or distant metastasis. In the present study, the expression of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-catenins has been examined in a subset of the same tumours in order to evaluate their possible role in breast cancer metastasis. Tumour tissues from 90 primary breast carcinomas were immunostained for alpha-, beta-, and gamma-catenins. Reduced or absent immunoreactivity in the tumour tissue was seen in 63 (70.0 per cent) for alpha-catenin, in 50 (55.6 per cent) for beta-catenin, and in 50 (55.6 per cent) for gamma-catenin. Reduced expression of each of the catenins alone failed to correlate to metastasis. However, when all of the four proteins (E-cadherin, alpha-catenin, beta-catenin, and gamma-catenin) were analysed as one group, a significant association was seen between reduction in immunoreactivity of at least one of these four proteins and the presence of metastases. These results indicate that if one of these proteins is down-regulated, the function of the others in suppressing metastasis is altered. A significant association was seen between lobular invasive tumours and beta-catenin expression.
Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based liquid crystalline conjugated donor–acceptor copolymers with reduced band gap for polymer solar cells (2012)

Abstract A new liquid crystalline (LC) acceptor monomer 2,5‐bis[4‐(4′‐cyanobiphenyloxy)dodecyl]‐3,6‐dithiophen‐2‐yl‐pyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione (TDPPcbp) was synthesized by incorporating cyanobiphenyl mesogens into diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP). The monomer was copolymerized with bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′] dithiophene (BDT) and N ‐9′‐heptadecanylcarbazole (CB) donors to obtain donor–acceptor alternating copolymers poly[4,8‐bis(2‐ethylhexyloxy)benzo[1,2‐b:4,5‐b′]dithiophene‐alt‐3,6‐bis(thiophen‐5‐yl)‐2,5‐bis[4‐(4′‐cyanobiphenyloxy)dodecyl]‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3,4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione] (PBDTDPPcbp) and poly[N‐9′‐heptadecanyl‐2,7‐carbazole‐alt‐3,6‐bis(thiophen‐5‐yl)‐2,5‐bis[4‐(4′‐cyano‐biphenyloxy)dodecyl]‐2,5‐dihydropyrrolo[3, 4‐c]pyrrole‐1,4‐dione] (PCBTDPPcpb) with reduced band gap, respectively. The LC properties of the copolymers, the effects of main chain variation on molecular packing, optical properties, and energy levels were analyzed. Incorporating the mesogen cyanobiphenyl units not only help polymer donors to pack well through mesogen self‐organization but also push the fullerene acceptor to form optimized phase separation. The bulk heterojunction photovoltaicdevicesshow enhanced performance of 1.3% for PBDTDPPcbp and 1.2% for PCBTDPPcbp after thermal annealing. The results indicate that mesogen‐controlled self‐organization is an efficient approach to develop well‐defined morphology and to improve the device performance. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
TBK1 Regulates Prostate Cancer Dormancy through mTOR Inhibition (2013)

The mechanisms that regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) dormancy and self-renewal are well established and are largely dependent on signals emanating from the HSC niche. Recently, we found that prostate cancer (PCa) cells target the HSC niche in mouse bone marrow (BM) during metastasis. Little is known, however, as to how the HSC niche may regulate dormancy in cancer cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of TANK binding kinase 1 (TBK1) on PCa dormancy in the BM niche. We found that binding with niche osteoblasts induces the expression of TBK1 in PCa cells PC3 and C4-2B. Interestingly, TBK1 interacts with mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and inhibits its function. Rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, induces cell cycle arrest of PCa cells and enhances chemotherapeutic resistance of PCa cells. As a result, the knockdown of TBK1 decreases PCa stem-like cells and drug resistance in vitro and in vivo. Taken together, these results strongly indicate that TBK1 plays an important role in the dormancy and drug resistance of PCa.
How is embryo size genetically regulated in rice? (1996)

It is unclear how embryo size is genetically regulated in plants. Since cereals have a large persisting endosperm, it is expected that embryo size is affected by endosperm development. Nine single recessive mutations, four reduced embryo mutations representing three loci, REDUCED EMBRYO1, REDUCED EMBRYO2 and REDUCED EMBRYO3, four giant embryo mutations derived from a single locus GIANT EMBRYO, and one endospermless mutation endospermless1-2 were analyzed. Every reduced embryo mutation caused reduction of all the embryonic organs including apical meristems and the enlargement of the endosperm. The giant embryo mutants have a reduced endosperm and an enlarged scutellum. However, shoot and radicle sizes were not affected. All the reduced embryo and giant embryo mutations did not largely affect postembryonic development. Accordingly, the expression of genes analyzed are seed-specific. In reduced embryo and giant embryo mutations, abnormalities were detected in both embryo and endosperm as early as 2 days after pollination. endospermless1-1 resulted in an early loss of endosperm, yielding a giant embryo, suggesting that embryo growth was physically limited by the endosperm. A double mutant between giant embryo-2 and club-shaped embryo1-1, which has a normal endosperm and a minute undifferentiated embryo, resulted in a club-shaped embryo1-1 embryo and a reduced endosperm of giant embryo-2, indicating that GIANT EMBRYO regulates the endosperm development. Double mutants between giant embryo-2 and three reduced embryo mutants exhibited the reduced embryo phenotype in both embryo and endosperm, suggesting that reduced embryo mutations cause the enlarged endosperm. Further, a double mutant of reduced embryo3 and endospermless1-1 showed the enlarged embryo in endospermless seed. This confirms that reduced embryo3 does not regulate embryo size but enlarges endosperm size. Together with the results of the other double mutant analysis, REDUCED EMBRYO1, REDUCED EMBRYO2, REDUCED EMBRYO3 and GIANT EMBRYO are concluded to regulate endosperm development.
Construction and Application of Elastin Like Polypeptide Containing IL-4 Receptor Targeting Peptide (2013)

Various human solid tumors highly express IL-4 receptors which amplify the expression of some of anti-apoptotic proteins, preventing drug-induced cancer cell death. Thus, IL-4 receptor targeted drug delivery can possibly increase the therapeutic efficacy in cancer treatment. Macromolecular carriers with multivalent targeting moieties offered great advantages in cancer therapy as they not only increase the plasma half-life of the drug but also allow delivery of therapeutic drugs to the cancer cells with higher specificity, minimizing the deleterious effects of the drug on normal cells. In this study we designed a library of elastin like polypeptide (ELP) polymers containing tumor targeting AP1 peptide using recursive directional ligation method. AP1 was previously discovered as an atherosclerotic plaque and breast tumor tissue homing peptide using phage display screening method, and it can selectively bind to the interleukin 4 receptor (IL-4R). The fluorescently labeled [AP1-V12]6, an ELP polymer containing six AP1 enhanced tumor-specific targeting ability and uptake efficiency in H226 and MDA-MB-231 cancer cell lines in vitro. Surface plasmon resonance analysis showed that multivalent presentation of the targeting ligand in the ELP polymer increased the binding affinity towards IL-4 receptor compared to free peptide. The binding of [AP1-V12]6 to cancer cells was remarkably reduced when IL-4 receptors were blocked by antibody against IL-4 receptor further confirmed its binding. Importantly, the Cy5.5-labeled [AP1-V12]6 demonstrated excellent homing and longer retention in tumor tissues in MDA-MB-231 xenograft mouse model. Immunohistological studies of tumor tissues further validated the targeting efficiency of [AP1-V12]6 to tumor tissue. These results indicate that designed [AP1-V12]6 can serve as a novel carrier for selective delivery of therapeutic drugs to tumors.
Efficacy and Safety of Trabeculectomy with Mitomycin C for Childhood Glaucoma: A Study of Results with Long-Term Follow-Up (2008)

Trabeculectomy with mitomycin is safe and effective for short-term or long-term treatment of congenital or developmental glaucoma. The frequency of bleb-related endophthalmitis was no higher in these patients than that described in adults.
Letters (1998)

As a newly appointed stroke specialist nurse at Chesterfield & North Derbyshire Royal Hospital, I would be very interested to make contact with other nurses working in this field and sharing ideas.
Efficient dielectric metasurface collimating lenses for mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers (2015)

Light emitted from single-mode semiconductor lasers generally has large divergence angles, and high numerical aperture lenses are required for beam collimation. Visible and near infrared lasers are collimated using aspheric glass or plastic lenses, yet collimation of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers typically requires more costly aspheric lenses made of germanium, chalcogenide compounds, or other infrared-transparent materials. Here we report mid-infrared dielectric metasurface flat lenses that efficiently collimate the output beam of single-mode quantum cascade lasers. The metasurface lenses are composed of amorphous silicon posts on a flat sapphire substrate and can be fabricated at low cost using a single step conventional UV binary lithography. Mid-infrared radiation from a 4.8 μm distributed-feedback quantum cascade laser is collimated using a polarization insensitive metasurface lens with 0.86 numerical aperture and 79% transmission efficiency. The collimated beam has a half divergence angle of 0.36° and beam quality factor of M2=1.02.
Study the effect of CaCO3 nanoparticles on physical properties of biopolymer blend (2019)

Chitosan (CH) / Poly (1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP-co-VAc) blend (1:1) and nanocomposites reinforced with CaCO3 nanoparticles were prepared by solution casting method. FTIR analysis, tensile strength, Elongation, Young modulus, Thermal conductivity, water absorption and Antibacterial properties were studied for blend and nanocomposites. The tensile results show that the tensile strength and Young’s modulus of the nanocomposites were enhanced compared with polymer blend [CH/(PVP-co-VAc)] film. The mechanical properties of the polymer blend were improved by the addition of CaCO3 with significant increases in Young’s modulus (from 1787 MPa to ~7238 MPa) and tensile strength (from 47.87 MPa to 79.75 MPa). Strong interfacial bonding between the CaCO3 nanoparticles and the [CH/(PVP-co-VAc)), homogenous distribution of the nanoparticles in the polymer blend, are assistance of noticeably raised mechanical durability. The thermal conductivity of the polymer blend and CaCO3 nanocomposite films show that it decreased in the adding of nanoparticle CaCO3. The solvability measurements display that the nanocomposite has promoted water resistance. The weight gain lowered with the increase of nano CaCO3. Blending chitosan CH with (PVP-co-VAc) enhanced strength and young modules of the nanocomposites and increased the absorption of water because hydrophilic of the blended polymers films. The effect of two types of positive S.aurous and negative E. coli was studied. The results showed that the nanocomposites were effective for both types, where the activity value ranged from (12 ~ 21). The best results were found for S.aurous bacteria.
Structural requirements for Notch signalling with Delta and Serrate during the development and patterning of the wing disc of <i>Drosophila</i> (2000)

The delta and Serrate proteins interact with the extracellular domain of the Notch receptor and initiate signalling through the receptor. The two ligands are very similar in structure and have been shown to be interchangeable experimentally; however, loss of function analysis indicates that they have different functions during development and analysis of their signalling during wing development indicates that the Fringe protein can discriminate between the two ligands. This raises the possibility that the signalling of delta and Serrate through Notch requires different domains of the Notch protein. Here we have tested this possibility by examining the ability of delta and Serrate to interact and signal with Notch molecules in which different domains had been deleted. This analysis has shown that EGF-like repeats 11 and 12, the RAM-23 and cdc10/ankyrin repeats and the region C-terminal to the cdc10/ankyrin repeats of Notch are necessary for both delta and Serrate to signal via Notch. They also indicate, however, that delta and Serrate utilise EGF-like repeats 24-26 of Notch for signalling, but there are significant differences in the way they utilise these repeats.
Auto-tuning PID using loop-shaping ideas (2003)

In this paper we present a direct approach for auto-tuning PID controllers. The approach is based on loop-shaping principles. Auto-tuning is accomplished under closed-loop system excitation without fitting a model of the system. The tuning procedure recursively adapts PID parameters to achieve a target loop-shape. In simulation testing the procedure works very well for systems with integrators, dead-time, lead dynamics, inverse response, sensor noise and colored noise disturbances. Here we present an example of a first order plant with delay operating under a colored noise disturbance.