gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preparation and properties of segmented thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers with two different soft segments (1999)

Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomers were prepared from 4,4-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI)/1,4-butanediol (BD)/poly(propylene glycol) (PPG) and MDI/BD/poly(oxytetramethylene glycol) (PTMG). The MDI/BD-based hard-segment content of polyurethane prepared in this study was of 39–65 wt %. These polyurethane elastomers had a constant soft-segment molecular weight (Mn, 2000), but a variable hard-segment block length (n, 3.0–10.1; Mn, 1020–3434). The effects of the hard-segment content on the thermal properties and elastic behavior were investigated. These properties of the PPG-based MPP samples and the PTMG-based MPT samples were compared. The polyurethane prepared in this study had a hard-segment crystalline melting temperature in the range of 185.5–236.5°C. With increasing hard-segment content, the dynamic storage modulus and glass transition temperature increased in both the MPP and MPT samples. The permanent set (%) increased with increasing hard-segment content and successive maximum elongation. The permanent set (%) of the MPP samples was higher than that of MPT samples at the same hard-segment content. The value of K (area of the hydrogen-bonded carbonyl group/area of the free carbonyl group) increased with increasing hard-segment content in both the MPP and MPT samples, and the K value of the MPT samples was higher than that of the MPP samples at the same hard-segment content. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 73: 345–352, 1999
A review of penile elongation surgery (2017)

Penile elongation surgery is less commonly performed in the public sector, but involves a collaborative approach between urology and plastic surgery. Congenital and acquired micropenis are the classic surgical indications for penile elongation surgery. The goal of intervention in these patients is to restore a functional penis size in order to allow normal standing micturition, enable satisfying sexual intercourse and improve patient quality of life. Many men seeking elongation actually have normal length penises, but perceive themselves to be small, a psychologic condition termed 'penile dysmorphophobia'. This paper will review the anatomy and embryology of congenital micropenis and discuss both conservative and surgical management options for men seeking penile elongation therapy.
A novel high power permanent magnet reluctance generator using ferrite magnet (2009)

A permanent magnet reluctance generator (PMRG) has a doubly salient pole structure. The permanent magnets are embedded in the stator yoke, and concentrated windings are arranged individually around each stator pole. On the other hand, the rotor has neither permanent magnets nor windings. Therefore, the PMRG has a simple and robust structure, and permits a multipolar structure. Its application to small-scale wind-turbine and hydroelectric power generation is expected. This paper presents a novel PMRG using ferrite magnets, which has almost the same output power as that using rare-earth magnets. Furthermore, it is proposed that a method for reducing toque ripple of the PMRG by cutting off the rotor pole-tips and canceling odd harmonic torque.
Telomeres, chromosome instability and cancer (2006)

Telomeres are composed of repetitive G-rich sequence and an abundance of associated proteins that together form a dynamic cap that protects chromosome ends and allows them to be distinguished from deleterious DSBs. Telomere-associated proteins also function to regulate telomerase, the ribonucleoprtotein responsible for addition of the species-specific terminal repeat sequence. Loss of telomere function is an important mechanism for the chromosome instability commonly found in cancer. Dysfunctional telomeres can result either from alterations in the telomere-associated proteins required for end-capping function, or from alterations that promote the gradual or sudden loss of sufficient repeat sequence necessary to maintain proper telomere structure. Regardless of the mechanism, loss of telomere function can result in sister chromatid fusion and prolonged breakage/fusion/bridge (B/F/B) cycles, leading to extensive DNA amplification and large terminal deletions. B/F/B cycles terminate primarily when the unstable chromosome acquires a new telomere, most often by translocation of the ends of other chromosomes, thereby providing a mechanism for transfer of instability from one chromosome to another. Thus, the loss of a single telomere can result in on-going instability, affect multiple chromosomes, and generate many of the types of rearrangements commonly associated with human cancer.
Elicitation of supramaximal thermogenesis by aminophylline in the rat (1982)

Previous studies in rats indicate that maximal thermogenesis during severe cold exposure is suppressed by overnight fasting. Since fasting depresses sympathetic activity and the activity of adrenergic receptors, both of which affect substrate mobilization in cold, the present study attempted to restore maximal thermogenesis in fasted rats by exogenous sympathomimetics and a hypoxanthine (aminophylline). In overnight-fasted rats, exogenous sympathomimetics had no effect in further enhancing maximal thermogenesis induced by exposure to severe cold (in He-O2 at -10 degrees C), indicating maximization of endogenous sympathetic discharge and saturation of adrenergic receptor binding during severe cold exposure. In contrast, aminophylline (1.25-37.5 mg/kg ip) elicited "supramaximal thermogenesis" beyond control maximums in both fasted (+19.4%) and fed +14.4%) conditions in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in improved cold tolerance and prevention of hypothermia. Since aminophylline acts distally to adrenergic receptors to increase intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate concentration, it is possible that such increases could enhance substrate mobilization to support supramaximal thermogenesis in severe cold.
A new isothermal multijunction differential thermal element provides fast settling AC to DC converter (1989)

An isothermal multijunction differential thermal converter has been fabricated by constructing two separate insulated heaters of a vacuum thermal element and placing them in thermal contact. One heater carries the input signal, while the second heater circuit provides negative feedback to maintain the dual heater structure at a constant temperature. The mass of the heaters and thermocouple temperature sensors is small and the temperature variations are limited to millidegrees Celsius. Therefore, the response time of this thermal converter is a fraction of a second which permits AC-DC conversion 5-10 times faster than conventional thermal devices. Measurement accuracy is comparable to conventional hot-wire single-junction thermal converters and wideband frequency capability beyond 100 MHz makes this thermal converter applicable to precision AC-DC transfer standards and digital AC voltmeters.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Face detection using one-class SVM in color images (2005)

In this paper, a novel face detection approach is proposed in color images, which combines skin color, shape and statistical features. First, an efficient skin color model is used to look for face candidate and then mosaic image based on shape feature is adopted to further reduce candidates. Finally, statistical face model learned by one-class SVM (OCSVM) is performed to verify the rest candidates. It is different from many proposed appearance-based approaches that OCSVM-based face model considers face detection task as a one-class pattern problem and overcomes the problem of hardly representing nonface pattern efficiently. Extensive experiments show that our proposed method has an encouraging performance.
A new method for post-acquisition correction of spectral distortion due to pulse pileup (1992)

The times between pulses generated by a radiation detector are known as the interarrival times. When the pulse amplitudes are sorted by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) to produce a radiation energy spectrum, a minimum interarrival time is required for the ADC to make an error-free conversion. This is dependent on the pulse shape and duration, among other factors. When interarrival times are less than this minimum, either the event is recorded as a partial or total sum of two or more pulses, or one or more pulses are ignored altogether. The phenomenon of chance summing of pulses is known as pulse pileup and causes a distortion of the acquired spectrum which becomes more severe as the incoming count rate increases. A computation algorithm was described by Q. Bristow and R.G. Harrison (1991) for the correction of spectral distortion due to pulse pileup. The author demonstrated the application of the algorithm in the correction of high-count-rate spectra acquired from a 10*10*40 cm scintillation crystal for pulse pileup.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Using Borehole Images for Target-Zone Evaluation in Horizontal Wells (1994)

Horizontal wells are rarely horizontal. Instead, operators commonly try to drill such wells into particular rock layers, or target zones, which may or may not be truly horizontal. Thicknesses of target zones commonly range from a few feet to a few tens of feet (1-10 m). Target-zone evaluation concerns whether a horizontal well was successfully located and drilled in a given rock layer. Borehole-imaging logs provide a powerful tool for stratigraphic interpretation and target-zone evaluation in the Austin Chalk, Niobrara Formation, San Andres Formation, and other units. This study uses borehole images generated by Schlumberger's Formation MicroScanner (FMS), a microconductivity logging device. Open fractures and clay-rich interbeds appear as dark, high-conductivity traces on the FMS log. These traces can be fit with sinusoidal curves and oriented on a computer workstation. The shape of the sinusoidal curve that fits a particular bedding plane tells the interpreter whether the borehole was moving upward or downward through the strata. STRATLOG (trademark of Sierra Geophysics, Inc., a Halliburton Company) software has been used to display borehole profiles by combining FMS data on fracture intensities and bedding-plane intersections with gamma-ray logs, mud logs, and borehole-deviation surveys. To aid in planning future wells, multiple penetrations of he same horizon can be detected and used to calculate highly accurate bedding-plane dips. Fault interpretation, including the detection of rollover beds, is also possible. Finally, stratigraphic interpretation can be combined with observed fractures to determine which rock layers are most highly fractured, and, therefore, should be target zones.
80×32 SOI diode-based uncooled IRFPAs for thermal detectors (2021)

We describe uncooled infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPAs), which consist of pn junction diodes fabricated on a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) layer using a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) process. Based on this technique, we released the Mitsubishi Electric Diode Infrared sensor (MelDIR) into the thermal detector market in 2019. This sensor is an 80×32 IRFPA with a 25 μm pixel pitch, utilizing a chip-scale vacuum-packaging process. To reduce the sensor cost, we developed a common differential circuit that switches the column pixel line, and achieved a significant reduction in chip area. In order to use a low-cost lens in the sensor module, we also developed an aberration correction method that improves the temperature measurement accuracy. Furthermore, we evaluated the effectiveness of a shutter-less method based simply on the thermal behavior of the SOI diode. These techniques allow enhanced performance of the MelDIR.
Mapping UML designs to Java (2000)

Tools for the generation of code from model descriptions are valuable in helping developers maintain consistency between a model and its implementation. In this paper, we describe a new method for generating Java implementation code from UML diagrams. Our method accepts UML diagrams specified at a higher-level than current tools, and places fewer constraints on the supported UML constructs, like multiple generalizations and association classes. Unlike current tools, it generates implementation code that shields system implementers from the low-level details of how associations and other UML constructs are mapped to Java. Furthermore, it supports the modular design of systems according to concerns[2, 10] by being able to generate code from a set of related UML diagrams. While our discussion is focused on the special problem of generating Java implementation code, the issues discussed in this paper are applicable more generally to object-oriented implementation languages.
Nanopatterning of thin polymer films by controlled dewetting on a topographic pre-pattern (2008)

We develop a non-lithographic method for fabricating ordered micro/nanostructures of polymer thin films based on controlled dewetting of the films on topographically pre-patterned substrates with a large area. An ordered nanopattern of polystyrene (PS) is accomplished by thermal treatment of a thin PS film above its Tg spin coated on a topographically patterned substrate. We investigate the influence of pattern geometry on the final morphology of the dewetted polymer films using both mesa and indent patterned substrates. The controlled dewetting, initiated preferentially at the edges of individual pre-patterned mesas, in particular gives rise to spherical cap domains located at the center of the mesas. The domains are much smaller than the individual mesas as a consequence of the significant pattern reduction to nearly 300%. The arrays of 70 nm PS nano-sphere caps are obtained from arrays of 200 nm square pre-patterned mesas. Our method is also applicable for other polymers such as a poly(4-vinyl pyridine) (P4VP) containing Rhodamine 6G (Rh6G) dye on a pre-patterned PS substrate and successfully produced highly fluorescent stable nanopatterned films.
Pulse control in an accelerator for heavy-ion fusion (1992)

In induction accelerators proposed for heavy-ion fusion, the ion beam is usually confined longitudinally by an axial electric field tailored to balance the space-charge field. Since generating such electric field ears'' is costly and imprecise, it is important to know how frequently the ears must be applied and what errors in the waveform are tolerable. For practical parameters, cell breakdown is found to impose the principal limit on the spacing of the acceleration modules applying the ear field. Also, it is demonstrated that ear fields may be approximated in several ways by discrete field steps with little impairment of the longitudinal confinement.
Finite Element Analysis of a Particle Manipulation System Using Ultrasonic Standing Wave (2010)

Micro particles in fluid can be manipulated by using ultrasonic standing wave since the ultrasound makes particles move by means of its acoustic radiation force. This work concerns the micro particle manipulation system using ultrasonic standing wave which consists of a microchannel, a reflector, and an ultrasonic transduer. In the present system, the effects of the structural elements should be carefully considered to comprehend the system and find the optimal operational condition. In this investigation, finite element analysis was employed to analyze the system. Some interesting characteristics on the reflector thickness, the channel width, and the operational frequency were observed. Several experimental results were compared with the analytic results. Consequently, this work solidifies the importance of those system parameters and reveals the possibility of various applications of the particle manipulation using ultrasonic standing wave.
HLA-G inhibits the transendothelial migration of human NK cells (2000)

The expression of the non-classical MHC class I molecule HLA-G is normally restricted to the placenta during pregnancy, where it is found on fetal endothelial cells and on invasive cytotrophoblast cells, specifically those at the maternal / fetal interface. Its precise physiological role has yet to be defined. HLA-G may have nonimmune functions relating to angiogenesis and placentation, but most evidence suggests that it protects fetal cells from lysis by maternal uterine NK cells, which are found in large numbers around invading trophoblast cells. This effect is due to specific interaction with inhibitory receptors expressed on NK cells. We have examined the hypothesis that another function of HLA-G is to inhibit NK cell migration. Using an in vitro transmigration assay system, we present data to support this hypothesis. NK cell migration across porcine endothelial cells transfected with HLA-G1 was specifically inhibited compared to migration across HLA-A2-transfected monolayers. HLA- G1 had no influence on the migration of a control T lymphocyte line. These results support the idea that in vivo, HLA-G may inhibit NK cell traffic across the placenta.
Semantic Annotation for Web Content Adaptation (2005)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction, External Annotation Framework, Annotation-Based Transcoding System, HTML Page Splitting for Small-Screen Devices, Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgments, References
Failure of MK-801 to reduce infarct volume in thrombotic middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. (1993)

MK-801 is not effective in this stroke model of focal thrombotic infarction under conditions of either controlled (normothermic) or uncontrolled (mildly hypothermic) head temperature.
Degradation of polychlorinated biphenyls by microorganisms (1980)

The biodegradation of PCB's by microorganisms and the degradation pathway of PCB's are investigated. Experimental methods and materials are described. Only several strains of bacteria, Achromobacter sp., Alcaligenes sp., Acinetobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., and soil microorganisms were able to decompose PCB's. A possible relationships between the structure and biodegradability of related biphenyl compounds was examined. (5 diagrams, 11 graphs, 18 references, 1 table)
Tolerance of pea (<i>Pisum sativum L.</i>) to long‐term salt stress is associated with induction of antioxidant defences (2000)

ABSTRACT Using two cultivars of Pisum sativum L. with different sensitivity to NaCl, the effect of long‐term (15 d) NaCl (70 m M ) treatments on the activity and expression of the foliar ascorbate–glutathione cycle enzymes, superoxide dismutase isozymes and their mRNAs was evaluated and related to their ascorbate and glutathione contents. High‐speed supernatant (soluble) fractions, enriched for cytosolic components of the antioxidant system, were used. In this fraction from the NaCl‐tolerant variety (cv Granada), the activities of ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), Mn‐superoxide dismutase (Mn‐SOD) and dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) increased, while CuZn‐SOD activity remained constant. In the NaCl‐sensitive plants (cv Challis), salinity did not produce significant changes in APX, MDHAR and GR activities. Only DHAR activity was induced in cv Challis, whereas soluble CuZn‐SOD activity decreased by about 35%. Total ascorbate and glutathione contents decreased in both cultivars, but the decline was greater in NaCl‐sensitive plants. This difference between the two cultivars was more pronounced when the transcript levels of some these enzymes were examined. Transcript levels for mitochondrial Mn‐SOD, chloroplastic CuZn‐SOD and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPX), cytosolic GR and APX were strongly induced in the NaCl‐tolerant variety but not in the NaCl‐sensitive variety. These data strongly suggest that induction of antioxidant defences is at least one component of the tolerance mechanism of peas to long‐term salt‐stress.
A New Label-Free Continuous Fluorometric Assay for Trypsin and Inhibitor Screening with Tetraphenylethene Compounds (2010)

A new label-free continuous assay with the ensemble of compound 1 and Arg(6) for trypsin and inhibitor screening was successfully developed by taking advantage of the aggregation-induced emission feature of tetraphenylethene compounds. Both CLSM and DLS studies confirm the formation of the aggregation complex of compound 1 and Arg(6) and disassembly after further addition of trypsin.
Pilot study of liraglutide effects in non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis and non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease with glucose intolerance in <scp>J</scp>apanese patients (<scp>LEAN</scp>‐<scp>J</scp>) (2014)

Aim Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease ( NAFLD ), a hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, is associated with an increased risk of developing lifestyle‐related diseases including type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease and cerebral vessel disease. No current drug therapy provides the ideal effects of decreasing hepatic inflammation while simultaneously improving liver fibrosis. Liraglutide is a glucagon‐like peptide‐1 receptor agonist that affects the histological findings in patients with non‐alcoholic steatohepatitis ( NASH ). This study was conducted to evaluate the effect and action of liraglutide for biopsy‐proven NASH . Methods After lifestyle modification intervention for 24 weeks, subjects whose hemoglobin A 1c levels failed to improve to less than 6.0% and/or whose alanine aminotransferase levels were not lower than baseline, received liraglutide at 0.9 mg/body per day for 24 weeks. Results Of 27 subjects, 26 completed the lifestyle modification intervention. Nineteen subjects received liraglutide therapy for 24 weeks. Body mass index, visceral fat accumulation, aminotransferases and glucose abnormalities improved significantly. Repeated liver biopsy was performed in 10 subjects who continued liraglutide therapy for 96 weeks. Six subjects showed decreased histological inflammation as determined by NASH activity score and stage determined by B runt classification. We saw no significant adverse events during therapy with liraglutide. Conclusion Our pilot study demonstrated that treatment with liraglutide had a good safety profile and significantly improved liver function and histological features in NASH patients with glucose intolerance.
Improved Protocols for Illumina Sequencing (2013)

Abstract In this unit, we describe a set of improvements that have been made to the standard Illumina protocols to make the sequencing process more reliable in a high‐throughput environment, reduce amplification bias, narrow the distribution of insert sizes, and reliably obtain high yields of data. Curr. Protoc. Hum. Genet . 79:18.2.1‐18.2.42. © 2013 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
An improved control system for a vacuum balance (1966)

A recording system for use with an adsorption balance is described. The system, which is based on the use of a meter-pot, has high stability due to its independence from supply voltage and component value fluctuations. The basic range is 100 mg with multiples up to 1000 mg, the sensitivity being 0.1 mg. A weight change of 10 mg is recorded within 15 sec. A zero-shift is included to allow for degassing losses or unexpectedly high adsorption.
Sulfur Oxidation by the Iron Bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans (1966)

Margalith, P. (Syracuse University, Syracuse, N.Y.), Marvin Silver, and D. G. Lundgren. Sulfur oxidation by the iron bacterium Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans. J. Bacteriol. 92:1706-1709. 1966.-Sulfur and iron oxidation has been studied manometrically by use of Ferrobacillus ferrooxidans grown on either elemental sulfur or ferrous iron as the primary energy source. The iron-oxidizing enzyme was shown to be constitutive, since iron was oxidized as rapidly by sulfur-grown cells as by iron-grown cells. Sulfur-grown cells had a better capacity for oxidizing sulfur than did iron-grown cells; however, no lag in oxidation was seen in either case. The sulfur-oxidizing system was not inducible, and it is suggested that the different oxidative capacities are due to the heterogeneous mixture of cell types in the culture population.