gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reversible Adsorption of Nanoparticles at Surfactant-Laden Liquid–Liquid Interfaces (2019)

In this study, we show that hydrophilic nanoparticles can readily desorb from liquid-liquid interfaces in the presence of surfactants that do not change the wettability of the particles. Our observations are based on a simple theoretical approach to assess the number of adsorbed particles at the surfactant-laden liquid-liquid interface. We test this approach by studying the interfacial self-assembly of equally charged particles and lipids dissolved in separate immiscible phases. Hence, we investigate the interfacial adsorption of aminated silica particles (80 nm) and octadecylamine to the decane/water interface by interfacial tension measurements, which are supplemented by interfacial rheology of the adsorbed interfacial films, scanning electron microscopy images of Langmuir-Blodgett films, and measurements of the three-phase contact angle of the particle surface in the presence of surfactants. The measurements show that particles adsorb at the surfactant-laden interface at all investigated surfactant concentrations and compete with the surfactants for interfacial coverage. Additionally, the wettability of the hydrophilic particles does not change in the presence of the lipids, except for the highest investigated lipid concentration. Comparing the adsorption energies of one particle and of the lipids as a function of the particle contact angle provides an estimate of the tendency for interfacial adsorption of particles from which the particle coverage can be assessed. Based on these findings, equally charged particles and lipids show a competitive behavior at the interface determined by the bulk surfactant concentration and the attachment energies of the particles at the interface. This leads to a simple mechanistic model demonstrating that particles can readily desorb from the interface due to direct displacement by surfactants, which are loosely adsorbed at the oil-facing particle side. This mechanism critically lowers the otherwise high interfacial energy barrier against particle desorption, which otherwise would lead to virtually irreversible particle attachment at the interface.
Distribution of n-5 Monounsaturated Fatty Acids in Jujube Fruit (1991)

The distribution of cis-monoenoic fatty acids with n-5 unsaturation within jujube (Zizyphus jujuba var. inermis) fruit was examined by GC and GC-MS. Analytical data indicated a series of n-5 monoenoic acid isomers with C14, C16, and C18 chain length to be present as the major acyl moieties in the pulp lipids (34.0%) and peel lipids (14.1%). No n-5 acid isomers could be detected in the seed lipids.Following separation of the pulp lipids into nonpolar lipid, glycolipid and phospholipid fractions, the n-5 homologues were found widely distributed among these fractions without distinct localization. Thus in jujube pulp n-5 monoenoic acids appear to be important component fatty acids of membrane lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids.
The effect of carbon dioxide and particle surface area on the microbiological leaching of a zinc sulfide concentrate (1972)

Abstract The effects of carbon dioxide‐enriched air on the rate of zinc extraction during the microbiological leaching of a, high‐grade zinc sulfide concentrate by Thiobacillns ferrooxidans have been studied. Under normal air‐aeration conditions, the leach rate is limited initially by the availability of solid substrate surface area per unit volume of leach liquor, then by availability of carbon dioxide. If carbon dioxide‐enriched air is supplied, along with excess substrate, the zinc extraction rate increases as the carbon dioxide content increases until some other, as yet unknown, factor becomes limiting.
Mechanisms of Oxidation with Oxygen (1965)

SEVERAL TOPICS ARE DEALT WITH IN DISCUSSING THE REACTIONS OF MOLECULAR OXYGEN, BUT A COMMON GOAL IS PURSUED IN EACH: to try to understand the reactions in terms of the fundamental properties of the oxygen molecule, and of the other reactants. The paper first describes the electronic structure of oxygen and of two low-lying electronically excited states. Concern with the low-lying electronically excited states is no longer the sole property of spectroscopists; recently, evidence has been presented for the participation of such activated molecules in chemical reactions. The chemistry of oxygen is dominated by the fact that the molecule in the ground state has two unpaired electrons, whereas the products of oxidation in many important reactions have zero spin. In its reactions with transition metal ions the restrictions imposed by the spin state of the oxygen molecule are easily circumvented. A number of reactions of oxygen with metal ions have been studied in considerable detail; conclusions on basic aspects of the reaction mechanism are outlined. Among the most interesting reactions of oxygen are those in which it is reversibly absorbed by reducing agents. Reversible absorption to form a peroxide in the bound state is possible; some of the conditions which must be fulfilled by a reducing system to qualify as storing oxygen in this way are reasonably well understood and are here enunciated. Little has been done on the formation of oxygen from water; some factors involved in this process are discussed.
Optimizing Multiple Distributed Stream Queries Using Hierarchical Network Partitions (2007)

We consider the problem of query optimization in distributed data stream systems where multiple continuous queries may be executing simultaneously. In order to achieve the best performance, query planning (such as join ordering) must be considered in conjunction with deployment planning (e.g., assigning operators to physical nodes with optimal ordering). However, such a combination involves not only a large number of network nodes but also many query operators, resulting in an extremely large search space for optimal solutions. Our paper aims at addressing this problem by utilizing hierarchical network partitions. We propose two algorithms - top-down and bottom-up which utilize hierarchical network partitions to provide scalable query optimization. Formal analysis is presented to establish the bounds on the search-space and to show the sub-optimality of our algorithms. Through simulations and experiments using a prototype deployed on Emulab we demonstrate the effectiveness of our algorithms.
On four-connecting a triconnected graph (1992)

The author considers the problem of finding a smallest set of edges whose addition four-connects a triconnected graph. This is a fundamental graph-theoretic problem that has applications in designing reliable networks. He presents an O(n alpha (m,n)+m) time sequential algorithm for four-connecting an undirected graph G that is triconnected by adding the smallest number of edges, where n and m are the number of vertices and edges in G, respectively, and alpha (m, n) is the inverse Ackermann function. He presents a new lower bound for the number of edges needed to four-connect a triconnected graph. The form of this lower bound is different from the form of the lower bound known for biconnectivity augmentation and triconnectivity augmentation. The new lower bound applies for arbitrary k, and gives a tighter lower bound than the one known earlier for the number of edges needed to k-connect a (k-1)-connect graph. For k=4, he shows that this lower bound is tight by giving an efficient algorithm for finding a set edges with the required size whose addition four-connects a triconnected graph.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Preparation and Characterization of Microcrystalline Wax/Epoxy Resin Microcapsules for Self-Healing of Cementitious Materials (2021)

Self-healing of cracks in cementitious materials using healing agents encapsulated in microcapsules is an intelligent and effective method. In this study, microcapsules were prepared by the melt-dispersion-condensation method using microcrystalline wax as the shell and E-51 epoxy resin as the healing agent. The effects of preparation process parameters and microcrystalline wax/E-51 epoxy resin weight ratio on the core content, particle size distribution, thermal properties, morphology, and chemical composition of microcapsules were investigated. The results indicated that the optimal parameters of the microcapsule were microcrystalline wax/E-51 epoxy resin weight ratio of 1:1.2, stirring speed of 900 rpm, and preparation temperature of 105 °C. The effects of microcapsules on pore size distribution, pore structure, mechanical properties, permeability, and ultrasonic amplitude of mortar were determined, and the self-healing ability of mortar with different contents of microcapsules was evaluated. The optimal content of microcapsules in mortars was 4% of the cement weight, and the surface cracks of mortar containing microcapsules with an initial width of 0.28 mm were self-healed within three days, indicating that microcapsules have excellent self-healing ability for cementitious materials.
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE REVISED NEO-PERSONALITY INVENTORY AND THE MYERS-BRIGGS TYPE INDICATOR (2003)

This study investigated the relationship between two of the most widely used personality measures, the Revised NEO Personality Inventory and the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator. A total of 900 participants completed the NEO PI-R and the MBTI. Correlational analysis of the personality measures showed that NEO PI-R Extraversion was correlated with MBTI Extraversion-Introversion, Openness was correlated with Sensing-Intuition, Agreeableness with Thinking-Feeling and Conscientiousness with Judging-Perceiving, replicating the findings of McCrae and Costa (1989).
A level-set approach for the metamorphosis of solid models (2001)

We present a new approach to 3D shape metamorphosis. We express the interpolation of two shapes as a process where one shape deforms to maximize its similarity with another shape. The process incrementally optimizes an objective function while deforming an implicit surface model. We represent the deformable surface as a level set (iso-surface) of a densely sampled scalar function of three dimensions. Such level-set models have been shown to mimic conventional parametric deformable surface models by encoding surface movements as changes in the grayscale values of a volume data set. Thus, a well-founded mathematical structure leads to a set of procedures that describes how voxel values can be manipulated to create deformations that are represented as a sequence of volumes. The result is a 3D morphing method that offers several advantages over previous methods, including minimal need for user input, no model parameterization, flexible topology, and subvoxel accuracy.
Neural Network Reinforcement Learning for Walking Control of a 3-Link Biped Robot (2014)

In recent years, researches on adaptive control have focused on bio-inspired learning techniques to deal with real-life applications.Reinforcement Learning (RL) is one of these major techniques, which has been widely used in robot control approaches.The implementation of artificial neural networks in RL algorithms enables more efficient optimal control strategies.This article proposes a field application of neural network reinforcement learning (NNRL) for walking control of an active simulated 3-link biped robot.The adaptive control agent consists of two neural network units, known as actor and critic for learning prediction and learning control tasks.Results of the presented control method reveal its efficiency in stable walking control of the biped robot model as a nonlinear complex dynamic task.
Image Classification at Supercomputer Scale (2018)

Deep learning is extremely computationally intensive, and hardware vendors have responded by building faster accelerators in large clusters. Training deep learning models at petaFLOPS scale requires overcoming both algorithmic and systems software challenges. In this paper, we discuss three systems-related optimizations: (1) distributed batch normalization to control per-replica batch sizes, (2) input pipeline optimizations to sustain model throughput, and (3) 2-D torus all-reduce to speed up gradient summation. We combine these optimizations to train ResNet-50 on ImageNet to 76.3% accuracy in 2.2 minutes on a 1024-chip TPU v3 Pod with a training throughput of over 1.05 million images/second and no accuracy drop.
Investigation of a Magnetic Tunnel Junction Based Sensor for the Detection of Defects in Reinforced Concrete at High Lift-Off (2019)

Magnetic flux leakage (MFL) testing is a method of non-destructive testing (NDT), whereby the material is magnetized, and when a defect is present, the magnetic flux lines break out of the material. The magnitude of the leaked magnetic flux decreases as the lift-off (distance from the material) increases. Therefore, for detection at high lift-off, a sensitive magnetic sensor is required. To increase the output sensitivity, this paper proposes the application of magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ) sensors in a bridge circuit for the NDT of reinforced concrete at high lift-off. MTJ sensors were connected to a full-bridge circuit, where one side of the arm has two MTJ sensors connected in series, and the other contains a resistor and a variable resistor. Their responses towards a bias magnetic field were measured, and, based on the results, the sensor circuit sensitivity was 0.135 mV/mT. Finally, a reinforced concrete specimen with a 1 cm gap in the center was detected. The sensor module (with an amplifier and low pass filter circuits) could determine the gap even at 50 cm, suggesting that MTJ sensors have the potential to detect defects at high lift-off values and have a promising future in the field of NDT.
Pathology of Ocular Tissues in Amyloidosis (1980)

Ocular involvement was found in 29 autopsied individuals with generalized vascular amyloidosis. It may be present both in clinically primary and secondary amyloidosis. In the latter form the choroid and the sclera are particulary involved, whereas in the orbit the most frequently affected tissues in both forms are the extraocular muscles. However, in most cases amyloid deposits are localized in the vessels of the aterial circle of Zinn-Haller. The retina showed no involvement in 28 of 29 cases while optic nerve fibres never were affected. The optic nerve dural sheath was slightly involved in 8 cases.
920. Muscle Stem Cells Provide Superior Infarct Repair When Compared with Myoblasts (2005)

Top of pageAbstract
Background: Myoblast transplantation for cardiac repair has generated beneficial results both in animals and humans; however, poor viability and poor engraftment of myoblasts after implantation in vivo limit their regeneration capacity. We and others have identified and isolated a population of skeletal muscle|[ndash]|derived stem cells (MDSCs) that regenerate skeletal muscle more effectively than myoblasts (also referred to as satellite cells). On the basis of these findings in skeletal muscle, we set out to determine if these two myogenic cell subpopulations, MDSCs and satellite cells, would exhibit differential abilities for cardiac repair in a murine model of acute myocardial infarction.

Methodology and Results: As assessed by echocardiography, progressive LV cavity enlargement occurred in the hearts injected with PBS (control group), and modest enlargement occurred in the satellite cell group over time. In contrast, no progressive dilatation of the LV occurred in the MDSC group; the dimensions of the LV cavity remained constant according to observations 2, 6, and 12 weeks after injury (MDSC vs. PBS, P<0.05; MDSC vs. satellite cell, P<0.05). We also assessed systolic function in terms of fractional area change (FAC) by echocardiography. Both cell treatment groups showed significantly better systolic function relative to that of the PBS group at all time points (satellite cell vs. PBS, P<0.01; MDSC vs. PBS, P<0.01). Furthermore, FAC in the MDSC group was significantly preserved during the entire study period compared to FAC in the satellite cell group (P<0.01). Thus, implanted MDSCs appear to have attenuated both ventricular dilatation and dysfunction after acute myocardial infarction more effectively than did satellite cells.

The histological results from the cell-injected hearts indicated that the transplanted MDSCs displayed greater and more persistent engraftment for up to 12 weeks. In contrast, the myocardium of satellite cell|[ndash]|injected hearts contained very small grafts comprised of only a few donor cells at time points subsequent to 1 week after implantation. Follow-up experiments suggest that MDSCs have a greater regenerative capacity than satellite cells, because MDSCs are more resistant to oxidative stress|[ndash]|induced apoptosis. In addition, capillary density in the MDSC group was significantly greater than in the satellite cell and PBS groups (P<0.01). Further staining revealed that the grafts in the MDSC-injected hearts expressed VEGF, a potent angiogenic factor, which may have stimulated neoangiogenesis within the infarct scar.

Conclusion: In conclusion, these findings indicate that MDSCs have a greater capacity for cardiac regeneration and repair when compared to satellite cells. The use of MDSCs may help to optimize clinical trials based on myoblast transplantation for cardiac repair.
Correlation between collagen solubility and skin optical clearing using sugars (2007)

These results demonstrate that sugar and sugar-alcohol interaction with collagen are a primary event in tissue optical clearing.
Numerical Modeling of Electrically Conductive Pavement Systems (2017)

Confronting snowfall at airports is a long-standing challenge for the aviation industry. To address these concerns, electrically conductive portland cement concrete (ECON) is currently a focus in pavement design. This method applies a potential difference to a surface or near-surface conductive concrete layer, heating the pavement to melt the snow. Due to the complex nature of performance measurements, most studies use experimental methods to examine the ability to remove accumulated snow. However, these methods are resource intensive. This study addresses this challenge through the development of an experimentally-validated 3D finite element (FE) model of ECON for evaluating its thermal performance. Predicted surface temperatures of the FE model are consistent with the data, indicating that a FE model is a promising method for feasibility studies and control strategy development.
Pass transistor designs using pocket implant to improve manufacturability for 256 Mbit DRAM and beyond (2002)

Pass transistor designs for scaled 256 Mbit DRAM are studied in this paper. It is shown, for the first time, that a L/sub g/=0.25 /spl mu/m and t/sub ox/=85 /spl Aring/ transistor utilizing a pocket implant together with a light V/sub TN/ implant (pocket-with-V/sub TN/) can satisfy the stringent requirements of subthreshold leakage, diode leakage, V/sub T/ during charging, and a tolerance for L/sub g/ variation of 0.08 /spl mu/m for manufacturability. The success of the pocket-implant device in meeting the above design spec is due to the reduced V/sub T/ roll-off at shorter L/sub g/ and reduced body effect at longer L/sub g/ compared to those of a conventional device. An optimum range of substrate bias is determined to be -1.5 to -2 V. It is also shown that the pocket implant does not degrade the gate oxide integrity nor channel hot-electron reliability.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
trans-acting regulation of bovine leukemia virus mRNA processing (1988)

Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and the human T-cell leukemia virus types I and II comprise a unique retrovirus subfamily which has evolved complex strategies for the regulation of gene expression. A transcriptional control circuit has been characterized in both human and bovine systems in which cis-acting promoter control elements are responsive to trans-acting factors encoded in the pX region of the virus. The BLV pX mRNA encoding the transcriptional trans-acting factor is translated in an alternate reading frame to produce an 18-kilodalton nuclear phosphoprotein, p18. A function for this protein was revealed in cotransfection experiments using mutated BLV proviruses in combination with pX expression plasmids. These experiments indicated that p18 was required for the accumulation of viral mRNAs representing full-length (genomic) and single-spliced (env) transcripts. In contrast, synthesis of the double-spliced pX mRNA was not influenced by p18 expression. Large regional deletions and substitutions of provirus sequences localized elements essential for p18 regulation to the 3' long terminal repeat. Furthermore, sequences within a 250-nucleotide region between the AATAAA signal and poly(A) site were found to be essential for efficient virus mRNA 3'-end processing and response to p18 regulation.
The Cardiovascular and Metabolic Complications of HIV Infection (2000)

With the advent of more effective therapies for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, HIV-infected patients are living longer and cardiovascular disease is becoming more obvious in this population. Patients with HIV infection represent one of the most rapidly developing groups with cardiovascular disease globally. Cardiovascular disease complicating HIV infection is likely to contribute to burgeoning healthcare costs. Pericarditis, myocarditis, cardiomyopathy, atherosclerotic coronary vasculopathy, arterial aneurysms, pulmonary hypertension, and endocarditis occur with increased frequency in these patients. Pericardial tamponade, dilated cardiomyopathy, endocarditis, and vasculopathy can lead to fatal outcomes in this population. The advent of cardiomyopathy heralds a very poor prognosis in patients infected with HIV. Coronary vasculopathy without obvious risk factors can lead to myocardial ischemia in young patients infected with the virus. Moreover, the protease inhibitors used to treat HIV infection induce a syndrome of lipodystrophy and dyslipidemia that may be associated with accelerated atherosclerosis as well as insulin resistance. All these factors contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the HIV-infected population. HIV infection, opportunistic infections, secreted viral proteins such as gp120 (envelope protein) or Tat (transactivator of viral transcription), and cytokines elaborated during the course of HIV infection of the immune system all contribute to pathogenesis of these disorders. Further basic and clinical studies are required to understand the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications and develop appropriate management strategies for these patients.
Enhancement of the nucleation density for diamond film on the pretreated glass substrate by the application of cyclic modulation of the source - gas flow rate (2000)

For the enhancement of the nucleation density of the diamond film, we introduced the cyclic process. The cyclic process was carried out by the on/off control of CH₄ flow rate for a relatively short time (10 min), compared with the total reaction time (6 h). Prior to depositing the diamond film, we made the pretreated glass substrate via the unidirectional scratch using ~1 μm size diamond powders. Diamond films were deposited on the pretreated glass substrate in a microwave plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (MPECVD) system. We observed the enhancement of the nucleation density of the diamond films caused by the cyclic process. Detailed surface morphologies of the substrate were investigated after the cyclic process. Based on these results, we discussed the cause for the enhancement of the nucleation density on the pretreated glass substrate by the cyclic process.