gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Solid-to-Solid Asymmetric Dihydroxylation Procedure for Kilogram-Scale Preparation of Enantiopure Hydrobenzoin (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Solid-to-Solid Asymmetric Dihydroxylation Procedure for Kilogram-Scale Preparation of Enantiopure HydrobenzoinZhi-Min Wang and K. Barry SharplessCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 26, 8302–8303Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00105a065https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00105a065research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1267Altmetric-Citations97LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Local interleukin 2 therapy of mouse mammary tumors of various immunogenicities. (1988)

The local and systemic therapeutic effects of multiple injections of recombinant human interleukin 2 (IL-2), at doses of 5,000 to 100,000 units each, were tested against intramammary implants of 12 syngeneic C3H mouse mammary tumors of various immunogenicities. Among 5 tumors with transplantation-type immunogenicity and with mononuclear leukocyte infiltration, 4 tumors were affected by IL-2 therapy. A fast-growing, moderately immunogenic tumor was not affected. Among 7 tumors which did not display transplantation-type immunogenicity, 4 tumors did, nevertheless, attract mononuclear leukocytes. Among these 4 tumors, the 2 slowest growing tumors were affected by IL-2 therapy. Local and systemic therapeutic effects resulted from peritumor IL-2 injections, but not from injections 2 cm from a tumor. The results indicate that the therapeutic effectiveness of IL-2 depends on the ability of a tumor to attract IL-2 responsive immune effector cells and that therapeutic effectiveness is reduced by faster tumor growth.
Copolymerization of 2-Phenyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane with Methyl Methacrylate and Acrylonitrile (1988)

Abstract The copolymerization of 2-phenyl-4-methylene-1,3-dioxolane (PMDO) with acrylonitrile (AN) or with methyl methacrylate (MMA) gives rise to a copolymer spontaneously or in the presence of radical initiator. Higher yield of copolymers can be got in the presence of radical initiator. The structures of the obtained copolymers, confirmed by IR, 1H-, and 13C-NMR spectra, indicate that no ring-opening polymerization of PMDO takes place during copolymerization with AN or MMA. PMDO would not copolymerize with styrene (ST). During copolymerization, the formation of weak charge-transfer (CT) complexes with a mole ratio of unity for PMDO-AN and with more than unity for PMDO-MMA was demonstrated by NMR. The determination of their equilibrium constants (K) and ΔA comp was attempted by using the Hanna-Ashbough equation with NMR spectroscopy. Based on the different ΔA comp values and chemical shifts of the accepter protons in the complex, the structural peculiarities of complexes are discussed. The contribution of the dative structure to the CT complex was assumed to affect the reactivity of CT complex monomer.
MINT: A Tool to Explore Themes in High Velocity Social Media Data (2018)

An important aspect of social media analytics is understanding themes, i.e., popular discussion topics, as they evolve in time. Techniques like topic models, which assume a generative model of theme distribution over documents, often suffer from three problems -- they are expensive to compute in real-time, they usually limit the number of topics, and they do not consider the continuous change in the topic proportions, emergence and noise that occurs in social media. To address these problems, we have developed MINT, a framework that uses a non-uniform stochastic model of term occurrence to identify themes as they evolve in real-time, and periodically stores the identified themes in a semi-structured database. MINT therefore supports both theme detection and evolution queries on social media. Themes encode useful information like their rate of growth, changing user communities around them, links to related real-world events, their representative topic-handles, etc., that can be queried upon. We experimentally show that our extracted themes compare well with more traditional methods but performs well in real-time.
Ordered SBA-15 Nanorod Arrays Inside a Porous Alumina Membrane (2004)

The growth of ordered nanorods of mesoporous SBA-15 inside a porous alumina membrane has been achieved for the first time by a simple sol-gel method. The obtained SBA-15 nanorods themselves have ordered hexagonal mesochannels with a size of about 6 nm and have been arranged to form hexagonal arrays by the limitation of pores of the alumina membrane. The synthesized alumina membrane with mesoporous SBA-15 inside combines the advantages of porous alumina membranes and mesoporous SBA-15 and provides fine and vertical mesochannels, which may serve as a new and efficient mold and lead to extensive applications in nanodevice fabrication, biomacromolecule separations, etc.
A Highly Discriminating 21 Locus Y-STR “Megaplex” System Designed to Augment the Minimal Haplotype Loci for Forensic Casework (2004)

Abstract In order to increase significantly the discriminatory potential of Y-STR systems available to the forensic community, we have developed and validated a 21-locus Y-STR multiplex system. Since the system was designed specifically to augment the European Y chromosome typing community's “minimal haplotype” Y-STR set (MHL) for forensic casework, it contains a novel constellation of markers not contained therein. The system, which we refer to as Multiplex IV (MPIV), permits the co-amplification of DYS 443, DYS 444, DYS 445, DYS 447, DYS 448, DYS 449, DYS 452, DYS 453, DYS 454, DYS 455, DYS 456, DYS 458, DYS 463, DYS 464, DYS 468, DYS 484, DYS 522, DYS 527, DYS 531, DYS 557, and DYS 588. Although the multiplex contains 21 Y-STR loci, of which one is bi-local and one is tetra-local, there are actually 25 sites exhibiting allelic variation, and this has prompted us to use the descriptor “megaplex” to describe the system. This report describes a number of performance checks that were employed to characterize the system including sensitivity, specificity, discriminatory capacity, and nonprobative casework studies. Although 1 ng of male DNA was found to be the optimal amount of input template, a complete 21-locus profile was obtained with as little as 50 pg of male DNA (i.e., ∼8 to 9 diploid cells). The specificity of the system was demonstrated by the lack of significant female DNA derived artifacts when tested using either 300 ng of female DNA alone or an admixture of male/female DNA in which the female component was present in a 100-fold excess. The ability of the system to determine the number of male donors was demonstrated by testing different admixtures of DNA at different ratios from two male donors. Cervicovaginal samples taken up to 48 h post coitus yielded a complete 21-locus Y-STR profile of the semen donor, thus confirming the potential utility of the system for forensic casework. Preliminary estimates of the gene diversity (h) of the individual loci for the Caucasian and African-American population indicated that 15 of the 21 loci possessed an h of ⩾0.5 in at least one population. Multi-locus haplotype analysis revealed that the 21-plex system could augment the use of the minimal haplotype loci and increase significantly the discriminatory capacity of Y-STR analysis.
Ondansetron and Opiate Craving (1995)

Our current findings do not support a role for 5-HT3 receptor agonists in the reduction of craving in opiate addicts.
Cloning and Characterization of Naringenin 8-Prenyltransferase, a Flavonoid-Specific Prenyltransferase of <i>Sophora flavescens</i>    (2008)

Prenylated flavonoids are natural compounds that often represent the active components in various medicinal plants and exhibit beneficial effects on human health. Prenylated flavonoids are hybrid products composed of a flavonoid core mainly attached to either 5-carbon (dimethylallyl) or 10-carbon (geranyl) prenyl groups derived from isoprenoid (terpenoid) metabolism, and the prenyl groups are crucial for their biological activity. Prenylation reactions in vivo are crucial coupling processes of two major metabolic pathways, the shikimate-acetate and isoprenoid pathways, in which these reactions are also known as a rate-limiting step. However, none of the genes responsible for the prenylation of flavonoids has been identified despite more than 30 years of research in this field. We have isolated a prenyltransferase gene from Sophora flavescens, SfN8DT-1, responsible for the prenylation of the flavonoid naringenin at the 8-position, which is specific for flavanones and dimethylallyl diphosphate as substrates. Phylogenetic analysis shows that SfN8DT-1 has the same evolutionary origin as prenyltransferases for vitamin E and plastoquinone. The gene expression of SfN8DT-1 is strictly limited to the root bark where prenylated flavonoids are solely accumulated in planta. The ectopic expression of SfN8DT-1 in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in the formation of prenylated apigenin, quercetin, and kaempferol, as well as 8-prenylnaringenin. SfN8DT-1 represents the first flavonoid-specific prenyltransferase identified in plants and paves the way for the identification and characterization of further genes responsible for the production of this large and important class of secondary metabolites.
Identification and characterization of a plastid-localized Arabidopsis glyoxylate reductase isoform: comparison with a cytosolic isoform and implications for cellular redox homeostasis and aldehyde detoxification (2008)

Enzymes that reduce the aldehyde chemical grouping (i.e. H-C=O) to its corresponding alcohol could be crucial in maintaining plant health. Recently, recombinant expression of a cytosolic enzyme from Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh (designated as glyoxylate reductase 1 or AtGR1) revealed that it effectively catalyses the in vitro reduction of both glyoxylate and succinic semialdehyde (SSA). In this paper, web-based bioinformatics tools revealed a second putative GR cDNA (GenBank Accession No. AAP42747; designated herein as AtGR2) that is 57% identical on an amino acid basis to GR1. Sequence encoding a putative targeting signal (N-terminal 43 amino acids) was deleted from the full-length GR2 cDNA and the resulting truncated gene was co-expressed with the molecular chaperones GroES/EL in Escherichia coli, enabling production and purification of soluble recombinant protein. Kinetic analysis revealed that recombinant GR2 catalysed the conversion of glyoxylate to glycolate (K(m) glyoxylate=34 microM), and SSA to gamma-hydroxybutyrate (K(m) SSA=8.96 mM) via an essentially irreversible, NADPH-based mechanism. GR2 had a 350-fold higher preference for glyoxylate than SSA, based on the performance constants (k(cat)/K(m)). Fluorescence microscopic analysis of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) suspension cells transiently transformed with GR1 linked to the green fluorescent protein (GFP) revealed that GR1 was localized to the cytosol, whereas GR2-GFP was localized to plastids via targeting information contained within its N-terminal 45 amino acids. The identification and characterization of distinct plastidial and cytosolic glyoxylate reductase isoforms is discussed with respect to aldehyde detoxification and the plant stress response.
Template-based automatic recognition of birdsong syllables from continuous recordings (1996)

The application of dynamic time warping (DTW) to the automated analysis of continuous recordings of animal vocalizations is evaluated. The DTW algorithm compares an input signal with a set of predefined templates representative of categories chosen by the investigator. It directly compares signal spectrograms, and identifies constituents and constituent boundaries, thus permitting the identification of a broad range of signals and signal components. When applied to vocalizations of an indigo bunting (Passerina cyanea) and a zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) collected from a low-clutter, low-noise environment, the recognizer identifies syllables in stereotyped songs and calls with greater than 97% accuracy. Syllables of the more variable and lower amplitude indigo bunting plastic song are identified with approximately 84% accuracy. Under restricted recordings conditions, this technique apparently has general applicability to analysis of a variety of animal vocalizations and can dramatically decrease the amount of time spent on manual identification of vocalizations.
RECIPIENT CELLS EXPRESSING SINGLE DONOR MHC LOCUS PRODUCTS CAN SUBSTITUTE FOR DONOR-SPECIFIC TRANSFUSION IN THE INDUCTION OF TRANSPLANTATION TOLERANCE WHEN PRETREATMENT IS COMBINED WITH ANTI-CD4 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY (1996)

Syngeneic cells expressing single donor MHC locus products have been shown to induce specific immunological hyporesponsiveness, but not tolerance, to an allograft. In this study we have attempted to potentiate the beneficial effect of pretreatment with single donor MHC locus products by the addition of anti-Cd4(2) monoclonal antibody to the pretreatment protocol. We show that pretreatment with recipient L cells expressing the products of a single donor locus (K, D, or IA) can induce tolerance to a C57BL/10 (H2b) cardiac allograft in C3H/He (H2k) mice, when given in combination with the depleting anti-Cd4 monoclonal antibody YTA 3.1.2. Both the induction and maintenance phases of tolerance were found to be antigen-specific. Cells expressing donor class II antigens, IA(b) were found to be most effective. Interestingly, donor class I molecules were also found to be capable of inducing specific unresponsiveness in combination with anti-Cd4, provided an optimal antigenic load was delivered at the time of pretreatment. Pretreatment with cells expressing donor class I and anti-Cd8 monoclonal antibody had no beneficial effect on graft survival. These data show that single donor MHC locus products can induce immunologic tolerance to fully MHC and minor histocompatibility antigen-mismatched heart grafts when given under the cover of anti-Cd4 mAb. They also show that Cd4+ T cells play an important role in the induction of specific unresponsiveness to class I alloantigen in vivo and suggest that the blockade of T cells capable of recognizing class I alloantigen presented indirectly is important in the induction of tolerance.
Analysis of multirate sigma-delta modulators (2002)

The theoretical basis for the linear analysis of multirate /spl Sigma/-/spl Delta/ modulators is presented. Polyphase decomposition is used to analyze the system and derive its transfer functions. Multiple quantization noise sources are introduced to make the polyphase decomposition possible. It is shown that a proper value for the quantizer gain in a linear analysis is essential because a unity gain approximation leads to unstable transfer functions while the real system is stable.
Disodium cromoglycate in the treatment of chronic proctitis. (1975)

The effect of topical disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) has been examined in 30 patients with chronic active proctitis using a double-blind crossover trial. Each treatment period was four weeks and patients were given DSCG 200 mg by enema twice daily and 100 mg orally three times each day. Twenty-six patients completed the trial successfully, 14 responded to DSCG treatment, two improved with placebo, and 10 responded to neither. Patients who responded to DSCG had significantly more eosinophils in their rectal biopsies than those who failed to respond and in some instances the counts were very high. The findings support the hypothesis than an allergic reaction is important in the pathogenesis of proctitis.
Adenosine kinase inhibitor GP515 attenuates hepatic leukocyte adhesion after hemorrhagic hypotension (1997)

Adhesion of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium hallmarks a key event in neutrophil-mediated organ injury after ischemia-reperfusion. The autacoid adenosine has been shown to inhibit activated neutrophil function and to interfere with leukocyte-endothelial adherence. Its therapeutic use in ischemia-reperfusion, however, has been limited by severe cardiovascular side effects. We therefore investigated the effects of the adenosine kinase inhibitor GP515 in vivo on hepatic leukocyte-endothelial interactions in a rat model of hemorrhagic hypotension and resuscitation, using intravital microscopy. Rats were pretreated with either GP515 (0.25 mg/kg) or saline in a randomized and blinded manner and subjected to pressure-controlled hemorrhagic hypotension at a mean arterial pressure of 40 mmHg for 60 min followed by 5 h of resuscitation. Five hours after resuscitation in saline-treated animals, firm leukocyte-sinusoidal adhesion was strongly enhanced in the periportal and midzonal sublobular regions, and sinusoidal diameters were also markedly reduced. Compared with saline treatment, GP515 significantly attenuated shock and resuscitation-induced leukocyte adhesion in both sublobular regions. Moreover, although GP515 did not significantly affect macrohemodynamical and hematological parameters, it enlarged narrowed sinusoidal diameters and tended to improve sinusoidal blood flow. We propose that the adenosine-regulating agent GP515 has a therapeutic potential to attenuate ischemia-reperfusion-induced inflammation by capitalizing on the beneficial anti-inflammatory effects of endogenous adenosine.
An approximation to voice aperiodicity (1968)

Aperiodicity in voiced segments of speech may be ascribed to different causes. The magnitude of pitch perturbation is different in different spectral ranges of the signal. To see whether pitch perturbation can be effectively simulated by partially replacing voiced excitation by random noise, in appropriate frequency-time portions, experimental tests have been made on a computer-simulated channel vocoder. The buzz-hiss decision was made separately for three different frequency portions of the signal. The cepstrum technique was used for pitch detection, and separate buzz-hiss switching decisions were made at the synthesizer for each frequency portion. The switching thresholds were controlled, and deliberately "devoiced" versions were compared with regular vocoded speech. The fundamental frequency was determined by the lowband cepstrum. The result shows that partial devoicing of the high-frequency ranges definitely improves speech quality. Further, a comparatively large amount of devoicing is perceptually tolerable.
Aminopyrazine (1967)

Abstract Es wird über eine neuartige Synthese von 2‐Amino‐pyrazin und seine Alkyl‐bzw. Arylderivate berichtet.
Mayetia (Metamayetia) valinasensis, nueva especie de Pontevedra (N.O. Península Ibérica) (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae, Mayetiini). (2015)

espanolSe describe la especie Mayetia (Metamayetia) valinasensis nov. sp. (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae, Mayetiini), a partir del estudio de 30 ejemplares recogidos con el metodo Berlese-Tullgren en Pineiro, Valinas, Barro, provincia de Pontevedra, noroeste de la Peninsula Iberica. Se detallan sus caracteristicas morfologicas, edeago y armadura genital de las hembras. Se establecen tambien sus afinidades y diferencias con las especies Mayetia (Metamayetia) moscosoensis Outerelo, 1976 de Moscoso, Pontevedra, y Mayetia (Metamayetia) invernadoiroensis Outerelo, 1978 de Ourense. EnglishAfter the study of 30 specimens collected using the Berlese-Tullgren method, Mayetia (Metamayetia) valinasensis nov.sp. is described from Pineiro, Valinas, Barro, province of Pontevedra, Northwestern Iberian Peninsula (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae, Mayetiini). Its affinities and differences with Mayetia (Metamayetia) moscosoensis Outerelo, 1976 from Moscoso, Pontevedra, and Mayetia (Metamayetia) invernadoiroensis Outerelo, 1978 from Ourense are also established.
Thickness limitation and cell viability of multi-layered cell sheets and overcoming the diffusion limit by a porous-membrane culture insert (2015)

Waki Sekine, Yuji Haraguchi, Tatsuya Shimizu, Akihiro Umezawa and Teruo Okano-Thickness limitation and cell viability of multi-layered cell sheets and overcoming the diffusion limit by a porous-membrane culture insert
Baking Performance, Rheology, and Chemical Composition of Wheat Dough and Gluten Affected by Xylanase and Oxidative Enzymes (1999)

ABSTRACT: Baking trials were performed with six wheat doughs prepared with xylanase, peroxidase, or glucose oxidase (GOX), and their combinations. Judging dough properties, baking performance, bread volume, and crumb structure, the dough containing xylanase plus peroxidase performed best. Flow relaxation measurements with doughs indicated that peroxidases introduced new transient linkages, whereas glucose oxidase also introduced cross‐links permanent on long time scales. Rheological tests and chemical analysis revealed small differences between control and xylanase and/ or peroxidase containing gluten and more pronounced differences for GOX containing gluten. No evidence was found that xylanase specifically removed arabinoxylans from gluten or that peroxidase catalyzed the formation of covalent bonds between arabinoxylans and gluten proteins.
mRNA analysis of single living cells (2003)

Analysis of specific gene expression in single living cells may become an important technique for cell biology. So far, no method has been available to detect mRNA in living cells without killing or destroying them. We have developed here a novel method to examine gene expression of living cells using an atomic force microscope (AFM). AFM tip was inserted into living cells to extract mRNAs. The obtained mRNAs were analyzed with RT-PCR, nested PCR, and quantitative PCR. This method enabled us to examine time-dependent gene expression of single living cells without serious damage to the cells.
Alterations in Expression of Glutamatergic Transporters and Receptors in Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease (2007)

Excitatory neurotransmitter dysfunction has been discussed to be involved in the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the current study we investigated gene and protein expression patterns of glutamatergic receptors and transporters in brains of AD patients in various stages of disease using gene chip arrays, real time PCR and immunohistochemistry. We found marked impairment in the expression of excitatory amino acid transporters (EAAT1 and EAAT 2) at both gene and protein levels in hippocampus and gyrus frontalis medialis of AD patients, already in early clinical stages of disease. The loss of EAAT immunoreactivity was particularly obvious in the vicinity of amyloid plaques. In contrast, EAAT expression was up-regulated in the cerebellum of these patients. Furthermore, a significant up-regulation of the glutamatergic kainate (GRIK4) receptor observed by gene arrays was confirmed by quantitative RT-PCR in late stages in the hippocampus of AD patients. Moreover, there were down-regulations of other glutamatergic receptors such as NMDA (GRINL1A) and AMPA (GRIA4) receptors. Our data show marked changes in the functional elements of the glutamatergic synapses such as glutamatergic receptors and transporters and indicate impaired glutamate clearing rendering neurons susceptible to excess extracellular glutamate and support further the involvement of excitotoxic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AD.