gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand sensitivity in primary and transformed human keratinocytes. (2000)

Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) has been shown to exert potent cytotoxic activity against many tumor cell lines but not against normal cells. It has been hypothesized that this difference in TRAIL sensitivity between normal and transformed cells might be due to the expression of the non-death-inducing TRAIL receptors (TRAIL-R) TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4, presumably by competition for limited amounts of TRAIL. To assess the regulation of resistance versus sensitivity to TRAIL in primary as well as transformed keratinocytes, we examined TRAIL sensitivity, TRAIL receptor expression, and intracellular signaling events induced by TRAIL. Although TRAIL induced apoptosis in primary as well as transformed keratinocytes, a marked difference in sensitivity could be observed with primary keratinocytes (PK) being 5-fold less sensitive to TRAIL than transformed keratinocytes (TK). Yet both cell types exhibited similar TRAIL receptor surface expression, suggesting that expression of TRAIL-R3 and TRAIL-R4 may not be the main regulator of sensitivity to TRAIL. Biochemical analysis of the signaling events induced by TRAIL revealed that PK could be sensitized for TRAIL and, similarly, for TRAIL-R1- and TRAIL-R2-specific apoptosis by pretreatment of the cells with cycloheximide (CHX). This sensitization concomitantly resulted in processing of caspase-8, which did not occur in TRAIL-resistant PK. These data indicate that an early block of TRAIL-induced apoptosis was present in PK compared with TK or PK treated with CHX. Interestingly, cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (cFLIP) levels, high in PK and low in TK and several other squamous cell carcinoma cell lines, decreased rapidly after treatment of PK with CHX, correlating with the increase in TRAIL sensitivity and caspase-8 processing. Furthermore, ectopic expression of cFLIP long (cFLIP(L)) in TK by transfection with a cFLIP(L) expression vector resulted in resistance to TRAIL-mediated apoptosis of these cells. Thus, our results demonstrate that TRAIL sensitivity in PK is primarily regulated at the intracellular level rather than at the receptor level.
UV‐B EFFECTS ON TERRESTRIAL PLANTS (1989)

Abstract The potential impacts of an increase in solar UV‐B radiation reaching the Earth's surface due to stratospheric ozone depletion have been investigated by several research groups during the last 15 years. Much of this research has centered on the effects of plant growth and physiology under artificial UV‐B irradiation supplied to plants in growth chambers or greenhouses. Since these artificial sources do not precisely match the solar spectrum and due to the wavelength dependency of photobiol‐ogical processes, weighting functions, based on action spectra for specific responses, have been developed to assess the biological effectiveness of the irradiation sources and of predicted ozone depletion. Recent experiments have also utilized artificially produced ozone cuvettes to filter natural solar radiation and simulate an environment of reduced UV‐B for comparative purposes. Overall, the effectiveness of UV‐B varies both among species and among cultivars of a given species. Sensitive plants often exhibit reduced growth (plant height, dry weight, leaf area, etc.), photosynthetic activity and flowering. Competitive interactions may also be altered indirectly by differential growth responses. Photosynthetic activity may be reduced by direct effects on photosynthetic enzymes, metabolic pathways or indirectly through effects on photosynthetic pigments or stomatal function. The fluence response of these changes has yet to be clearly demonstrated in most cases. Plants sensitive to UV‐B may also respond by accumulating UV‐absorbing compounds in their outer tissue layers, which presumably protect sensitive targets from UV damage. Several key enzymes in the biosynthetic pathways of these compounds have been shown to be specifically induced by UV‐B irradiation. Few studies have documented the effects of UV‐B on total plant yield under field conditions. One notable exception is a 6‐yr study with soybean demonstrating harvestable yield reductions under a simulated 25% ozone depletion. These effects are further modified by prevailing microclimatic conditions. Plants tend to be less sensitive to UV‐B radiation under drought or mineral deficiency, while sensitivity increases under low levels of visible light. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of UV‐B effects and the interactions with present stresses and future projected changes in the environment.
Absence services (2008)

“Presence” is currently a popular term in telecommunications. What about “absence”? What can the network offer when a subscriber is not on the network? This letter discusses services that provide subscribers greater flexibility over how their calls are handled when they are absent and that make their transition from absent to present quicker and more efficient.
Texture-based segmentation of road images (1994)

The extraction of road boundaries is one of the basic requirements for an autonomous navigation system to guide a vehicle on a road. The existent road detection approaches have some difficulties with the roads that have neither marked lanes nor different colors between their surface and the environment. Instead of gray value or color, texture can be an important feature in such images. Taking this as motivation, the authors developed a texture-based road segmentation approach. The textures in road images are usually strongly anisotropic with a dominant orientation. Such oriented textures can be described by their orientation field that consists of orientation and strength of texture anisotropy. The authors describe a new approach for estimating the orientation field of oriented textures based on the covariance matrix of the grey value changes in an image. As an image feature, the strength of texture anisotropy is then used in the unsupervised road segmentation in the initial phase as well as in the supervised road segmentation in subsequent phases. The authors' algorithm has been tested with real road image sequences.
Conversion of 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-6-nitrobenzothiazole to 4-(6-amino-5-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl)benzoic acid by a recombinant E. coli strain (2005)

E. coli C43(DE3)pNbzAHabA, expressing nitroreductase and mutase enzymes, converts 2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-6-nitrobenzothiazole to 4-(6-amino-5-hydroxybenzothiazol-2-yl)benzoic acid.
Novel Polycaprolactone Nanocomposites Containing Thymol of Interest in Antimicrobial Film and Coating Applications (2008)

It is well-known that the nanocomposites technology can significantly enhance, among others, the thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties of plastics. It is also known that most bioplastics, including the thermoplastic biopolymers, have lower than desired levels for certain properties which makes their use in certain packaging applications problematic. The combination of active technologies such as antimicrobials and nanotechnologies such as nanocomposites can synergistically lead to bioplastic formulations with balanced properties and functionalities for their implementation in packaging applications. The present work presents the development and characterization of novel nanocomposites of polycaprolactone with enhanced barrier properties and with controlled-release of the biocide natural extract thymol. The antimicrobial nanocomposites of biodegradable materials were prepared in solution by a casting method. The morphology of the biocomposites was visualized by transmission electron microscopy and by atomic force microscopy, the thermal properties were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and the relative uptake (solubility) and kinetics (diffusion) of the released biocide were determined by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy. Water, oxygen, and limonene barrier properties were also enhanced in the biocomposites.
N-14 NQR using a high-<i>T</i><sub>c</sub>rf SQUID with a normal metal transformer (2007)

We have improved our high-Tc SQUID-based N-14 nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) detection system. By using a reed relay SIL5-1A72-71L (MEDER electronic) in the normal metal transformer, the isolation to the excitation field was much improved. The high-Tc rf SQUID could operate stably when the rf excitation field was over 20 mT. By optimizing the input coil of the transformer, better sensitivity of 0.5 fT Hz−1/2 was obtained at the resonant frequency of the tuned normal metal transformer. A spin-locking spin-echo (SLSE) multi-pulse sequence was also used in the system to detect the weak NQR signals produced by samples with longer spin–spin relaxation time T2, such as trinitrotoluene (TNT).
The ArrayGrid: A methodology for applying multiple samples to a single TEM specimen grid (2013)

High throughput transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is limited by the time that it takes to prepare each specimen and insert it on the microscope. It is further impeded by the deteriorating vacuum of the microscope upon frequent specimen cycling. Nevertheless, in most cases only a small fraction of the specimen is examined and sufficient to provide hundreds of images. Here we demonstrate that microarray technology can be used to accurately position picoliter quantities of different samples in a single TEM grid, with negligible cross-contamination. Key features are a contact-mode deposition on a robust formvar-carbon support. The TEM grid containing a microarray of different samples, the ArrayGrid, can also be negatively stained. The ArrayGrid increases the efficiency of TEM grid preparation and examination by at least by one order of magnitude, and is very suitable for screening and data collection especially in experiments that generate a multiplicity of samples.
Cgraph: a correlations-aware approach for efficient concurrent iterative graph processing (2018)

With the fast growing of iterative graph analysis applications, the graph processing platform has to efficiently handle massive Concurrent iterative Graph Processing (CGP) jobs. Although it has been extensively studied to optimize the execution of a single job, existing solutions face high ratio of data access cost to computation for the CGP jobs due to significant cache interference and memory wall, which incurs low throughput. In this work, we observed that there are strong spatial and temporal correlations among the data accesses issued by different CGP jobs because these concurrently running jobs usually need to repeatedly traverse the shared graph structure for the iterative processing of each vertex. Based on this observation, this paper proposes a correlations-aware execution model, together with a core-subgraph based scheduling algorithm, to enable these CGP jobs to efficiently share the graph structure data in cache/memory and their accesses by fully exploiting such correlations. It is able to achieve the efficient execution of the CGP jobs by effectively reducing their average ratio of data access cost to computation and therefore delivers a much higher throughput. In order to demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approaches, a system called CGraph is developed and extensive experiments have been conducted. The experimental results show that CGraph improves the throughput of the CGP jobs by up to 2.31 times in comparison with the existing solutions.\n\n
Risk for Fracture in Women with Low Serum Levels of Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (2001)

Women older than 65 years of age who have low serum TSH levels, indicating physiologic hyperthyroidism, are at increased risk for new hip and vertebral fractures. Use of thyroid hormone itself does not increase risk for fracture if TSH levels are normal.
Calibration of the MgF2 Biplate Compensator Using a Straight-Through Ellipsometer (2013)

Zero order MgF2 compensators are extensively used in deep ultra-violet(DUV) broadband optical instruments. This biplate compensator is made by two MgF2 wave plates. For DUV broadband spectroscopic ellipsometers, the misalignment between the principal axes of the two MgF2 wave plates must be carefully calibrated for the phase-retardance in order for this kind of compensator to be used in a high accuracy measurement. In this paper, we present a novel calibration method for such biplate compensator using a straight-through PCRA (polarizer-rotating compensator-analyzer) ellipsometer. The theoretical formulae of the biplate compensator and the calibration method are derived by means of Jones matrix calculus. The experimental result for characterizing a commercial zero-order MgF2 biplate compensator is presented. This method can be applied to multi-wave plate compensators, for example, achromatic and super achromatic compensators.
A glossary of war words. I (1942)

The following words and phrases have almost all originated during the present war. Some words current before the war, however, are included when they have acquired a special significance through their application to war-experience. Thus Evacuee is included because it is a new word. But the various uses of Evacuate (e.g. with personal object, intransitive) are not included because they date from the seventeenth century. Commando appears because of a recent extension of its meaning. Fifth Column was constantly used for the body of enemy-agents for some twelve months before the outbreak of war. But the fifth column is so characteristic of the Nazi technique that its inclusion is justified. Words like U-boat, Jerry, associated with the first World War, and revived during the present war, are not included.
Enlargement of the lateral pharyngeal fat pad space in pigs increases upper airway resistance (1995)

Because the upper airway is partially enclosed in a rigid boundary, enlargement of soft tissue structures within this boundary could narrow the airway. The purpose of this study was to determine whether enlargement of the soft tissue space in the region of the lateral pharyngeal fat pad would increase pharyngeal resistance and narrow the retropalateal upper airway. In five young male anesthetized pigs, we inserted balloon occlusion catheters in the lateral pharyngeal fat pad under computerized tomographic scan guidance. We measured pharyngeal resistance with a pharyngeal catheter and a tightly fitting face mask before and after inflation of the balloons. We also measured pharyngeal airway cross-sectional area before and after inflation of the balloons. In all pigs, balloon inflation significantly increased pharyngeal resistance and significantly decreased the area of the retropalateal airway. We conclude that enlargement of the soft tissue space in the region of the lateral pharyngeal fat pad increases pharyngeal resistance and narrows the retropalateal airway in anesthetized pigs.
Development of SiC diodes, power MOSFETs and intelligent power modules (2009)

Abstract Silicon carbide (SiC) power devices have been expected as next‐generation power‐saving devices. We succeeded in fabricating very large area (1 cm 2 ) SiC Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) with forward current of 300 A by inactivating areas including crystal defects. Heterojunction diodes with avalanche energy of over 2000 mJ/cm 2 were also developed. The reliability of gate oxide films of SiC DMOSFETs was enhanced to a level that is comparable to silicon power devices by improving oxidation techniques. We succeeded in fabricating SiC trench MOSFETs with low on‐resistance (1.7 mΩ cm 2 ). 250 °C operation of intelligent power modules (IPMs) with SiC DMOSFETs was achieved by using a new attachment technology. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
From the other side of the curtain: the nurse as patient. (2011)

Anticipatory grief experienced by patients while awaiting a life-threatening medical diagnosis was explored through the personal experience of a nursing faculty member. The patient's emotional journey from diagnostic testing to result-reporting provided a background from which nurses can recognize the value of a support system and caring interventions. Recommendations for nursing faculty members, nurse practitioners, and students of nursing were made to help mitigate the uncertainties patients experience during this critical period.
Blood pressure measurement using oscillometric finger cuffs in children and young adults (1994)

Arterial blood pressure measurements (y) obtained from forefinger cuffs were compared with standard arm cuff readings (x) in 41 anaesthetised children and young adults. Mean (SD) differences between cuff measurements were -0.21 (9.15), -1.56 (10.2) and 1.23 (9.12) mmHg for the systolic, mean and diastolic pressures respectively. The correlation for systolic blood pressures (r = 0.85, y = 0.99x + 0.58, sy.x = 9.15) was better than that for mean or diastolic pressures. Oscillometric finger cuffs are suitable for monitoring the systolic blood pressure in children and young adults during general anaesthesia.
Time-resolved optical second harmonic generation measurements of picosecond band flattening processes at single crystal TiO2 electrodes (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTime-resolved optical second harmonic generation measurements of picosecond band flattening processes at single crystal TiO2 electrodesJuliette M. Lantz and Robert M. CornCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 38, 9387–9390Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100089a005https://doi.org/10.1021/j100089a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views402Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Ferroelectric‐Enhanced Polysulfide Trapping for Lithium–Sulfur Battery Improvement (2016)

A brand new polysulfide entrapping strategy based on the ferroelectric effect has been demonstrated for the first time. By simply adding the nano-ferroelectrics (BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles) into the cathode, the heteropolar polysulfides can be anchored within the cathode due to the internal electric field originated from the spontaneous polarization BaTiO<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles, and thus significantly improving the cycle stability of Li-S batteries.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in diabetes: patient populations, safety, efficacy, and pharmacoeconomics (2015)

The level of glycaemic control necessary to achieve optimal short-term and long-term outcomes in subjects with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) typically requires intensified insulin therapy using multiple daily injections or continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. For continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, the insulins of choice are the rapid-acting insulin analogues, insulin aspart, insulin lispro and insulin glulisine. The advantages of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion over multiple daily injections in adult and paediatric populations with T1DM include superior glycaemic control, lower insulin requirements and better health-related quality of life/patient satisfaction. An association between continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and reduced hypoglycaemic risk is more consistent in children/adolescents than in adults. The use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is widely recommended in both adult and paediatric T1DM populations but is limited in pregnant patients and those with type 2 diabetes mellitus. All available rapid-acting insulin analogues are approved for use in adult, paediatric and pregnant populations. However, minimum patient age varies (insulin lispro: no minimum; insulin aspart: ≥2 years; insulin glulisine: ≥6 years) and experience in pregnancy ranges from extensive (insulin aspart, insulin lispro) to limited (insulin glulisine). Although more expensive than multiple daily injections, continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion is cost-effective in selected patient groups. This comprehensive review focuses on the European situation and summarises evidence for the efficacy and safety of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion, particularly when used with rapid-acting insulin analogues, in adult, paediatric and pregnant populations. The review also discusses relevant European guidelines; reviews issues that surround use of this technology; summarises the effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion on patients' health-related quality of life; reviews relevant pharmacoeconomic data; and discusses recent advances in pump technology, including the development of closed-loop 'artificial pancreas' systems. © 2015 The Authors. Diabetes/Metabolism Research and Reviews Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Fiberglass plastics in power plants (2007)

Fiberglass reinforced plastics (FRPs) are replacing metal in FGDs, stacks, tanks, cooling towers, piping and other plant components. The article documents the use of FRP in power plants since the 1970s. The largest volume of FRP in North American power plants is for stack liners and ductwork. Absorber vessel shells and internal components comprise the third largest use. The most common FRP absorber vessels are known as jet bubbling reactors (JBRs). One of the largest JBRs at a plant on the Ohio River removes 99% of sulphur dioxide from high sulphur coal flue gas. FRPs last twice as long as wood structures when used for cooling towers and require less maintenance. 1 tab., 2 photos.
Synthesis of 4-Arylpyrazoles via PdCl2(dppf)-Catalyzed Cross Coupling Reaction with Grignard Reagents (2006)

4-Aryl-1-tritylpyrazoles were prepared from the cross coupling reaction of aryl Grignard reagents with 4-bromo-l-tritylpyrazoles in the presence of 0.2 mol% PdCl 2 (dppf) as catalyst. To deprotect the trityl group, 4-phenyl-l-tritylpyrazole was reacted with TFA to produce 4-arylpyrazole in quantitative yield.
Effects of Bifidobacterial Supplementation to Pregnant Women and Infants in the Prevention of Allergy Development in Infants and on Fecal Microbiota (2014)

These data suggest that the prenatal and postnatal supplementation of bifidobacteria is effective in primary preventing allergic diseases. Some limited changes in the composition of fecal microbiota by the bifidobacterial supplementation were observed.
A Look at Infectious Agents as a Possible Causative Factor in Cardiovascular Disease: Part I (2003)

The role of oral, gastrointestinal, and pulmonary pathogens in the induction of atherosclerosis, showing how a bacteria or a virus could set the stage for a heart attack.