gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surgery for Cancer: A Trigger for Metastases (2017)

Surgery is a crucial intervention and provides a chance of cure for patients with cancer. The perioperative period is characterized by an increased risk for accelerated growth of micrometastatic disease and increased formation of new metastatic foci. The true impact for cancer patients remains unclear. This review summarizes the often fragmentary clinical and experimental evidence supporting the role of surgery and inflammation as potential triggers for disease recurrence. Surgery induces increased shedding of cancer cells into the circulation, suppresses antitumor immunity allowing circulating cells to survive, upregulates adhesion molecules in target organs, recruits immune cells capable of entrapping tumor cells, and induces changes in the target tissue and in the cancer cells themselves to enhance migration and invasion to establish at the target site. Surgical trauma induces local and systemic inflammatory responses that can also contribute to the accelerated growth of residual and micrometastatic disease. Furthermore, we address the role of perioperative factors, including anesthesia, transfusions, hypothermia, and postoperative complications, as probable deleterious factors contributing to early recurrence. Through the admittedly limited understanding of these processes, we will attempt to provide suggestions for potential new therapeutic approaches to target the protumorigenic perioperative window and ultimately improve long-term oncological outcomes. <i>Cancer Res; 77(7); 1548-52. ©2017 AACR</i>.
Relationship between Structures and Photocurrent Generation Properties in a Series of Hemicyanine Congeners (1998)

The relationship between structures and photocurrent generation properties in a series of dye congeners based on a hemicyanine template has been investigated by using their LB film modified ITO electrodes in a traditional three-electrode cell under the same conditions. Experimental data and semipirical quantum calculation results show that the molecular polarity is the key factor for the quantum yield of photocurrent generation in this kind of molecule. The effect of applied bias voltage, addition of electron donors and acceptors, and saturation degree of O2 or N2 on photocurrent generation of the selected one has also been examined.
Paraquat‐induced production of hydrocarbon gases (1982)

Abstract Paraquat dichloride (1,1′‐dimethyI‐4,4′‐bipyridylium dichloride) induced the production of the hydrocarbon gases propane, ethane and ethylene in the xanthophycean microalga Bumilleriopsis filiformis . Formation of these gases was dependent on the light intensity and photosynthetic electron transport. Diquat dibromide (1,1′‐ ethylene‐2,2′‐bipyridylium dibromide), having a higher midpoint potential than paraquat dichloride, induced an even higher evolution of the gases. A total lack of oxygen inhibited the production of gas, while a low oxygen concentration (4–6% by volume) stimulated paraquat‐induced gas formation. Culturing algae autotrophically, in a medium with a higher iron content, also increased the production of gases in the presence of the herbicide. Formation of these gases is an indication of the peroxidation of membrane lipids which, according to previous results, is correlated with a decrease of photosynthetic electron‐transport activity.
<title>Sarnoff data analysis and visualization project</title> (1990)

In this paper, we will describe the interactive visualization and database interface system under development at SRI's David Sarnoff Research Center (Sarnoff) and its most recent application. This application, and the thrust of this paper, addresses the problem of developing a system of tools for helping analysts manage, and draw timely conclusions from information. The successful approach to this problem relies heavily on interactive data visualization tools and the analyst's ability to pose "whatif" questions interactively. It also involves the application of "expert associates" to partially automate the analyst's task of gaining insight from data and identifying anomalies.
Bacterial proteomics and identification of potential vaccine targets (2010)

Currently, the greatest causes of human morbidity and mortality are infectious diseases. Vaccination remains the most effective measure to lessen this burden on the human population. Many vaccines presently in use were developed using techniques first proposed by Louis Pasteur, which involved the use of inactivated, attenuated live forms, or extracts of pathogenic organisms to immunize the host and provide protection from the disease. The advent of the genomic era has recently led to a new generation of rationally designed vaccines developed using a process termed reverse vaccinology. This approach uses genomic data in silico to identify proteins encoded by the pathogen as potential vaccine candidates. Proteomic technologies serve as an important complement to the reverse vaccinology approach to antigen discovery. Proteomic techniques are able to identify proteins that are expressed by the pathogen during infection of a host and the subset of proteins that reside on the surface of the pathogen. These two traits should be considered central factors to vaccine antigen selection as they assure that the host will be able to mount an effective immune response that leads to lasting protection from the pathogen.
ErbB2-Mediated Src and Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 Activation Leads to Transcriptional Up-Regulation of p21Cip1 and Chemoresistance in Breast Cancer Cells (2009)

Overexpression of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase is prevalent in approximately 30% of human breast cancers and confers Taxol resistance. Our previous work has shown that ErbB2 inhibits Taxol-induced apoptosis in breast cancer cells by transcriptionally up-regulating p21(Cip1). However, the mechanism of ErbB2-mediated p21(Cip1) up-regulation is unclear. Here, we show that ErbB2 up-regulates p21(Cip1) transcription through increased Src activity in ErbB2-overexpressing cells. Src activation further activated signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) that recognizes a SIE binding site on the p21(Cip1) promoter required for ErbB2-mediated p21(Cip1) transcriptional up-regulation. Both Src and STAT3 inhibitors restored Taxol sensitivity in resistant ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that ErbB2 overexpression can activate STAT3 through Src leading to transcriptional up-regulation of p21(Cip1) that confers Taxol resistance of breast cancer cells. Our study suggests a potential clinical application of Src and STAT3 inhibitors in Taxol sensitization of ErbB2-overexpressing breast cancers.
Electrifying microbes for the production of chemicals (2015)

Powering microbes with electrical energy to produce valuable chemicals such as biofuels has recently gained traction as a biosustainable strategy to reduce our dependence on oil. Microbial electrosynthesis (MES) is one of the bioelectrochemical approaches developed in the last decade that could have critical impact on the current methods of chemical synthesis. MES is a process in which electroautotrophic microbes use electrical current as electron source to reduce CO2 to multicarbon organics. Electricity necessary for MES can be harvested from renewable resources such as solar energy, wind turbine, or wastewater treatment processes. The net outcome is that renewable energy is stored in the covalent bonds of organic compounds synthesized from greenhouse gas. This review will discuss the future of MES and the challenges that lie ahead for its development into a mature technology.
Deposition and Sintering of Particle Films on a Rigid Substrate (1987)

Experimental techniques for the deposition and sintering of ceramic particle films on a rigid substrate have been investigated. Three representative systems (SiO 2 , ZnO‐Bi 2 O 3 , and Al 2 O 3 ) were chosen to determine the validity of the conceptual processing model. Crack‐free, sintered films 1 to 50 μm thick were produced using single or multiple deposition/sintering cycles.
The Internet navigator (1993)

A Brief History of the Internet A Coastal Cartography Signing On A World of Electronic Mail Keeping Up with the News Mining BITNET Files by the Gigabyte Building an Internet Library Knowing Where to Look Telnet Shrinks the World Databases Home and Abroad A Directory of Internet Resources Tracking Down Text An Internet Toolbox Project Gutenberg and the Printed Word The Future of the Internet How to Get More Information Internet Cross-Connectivity Public Access on the Internet.
The protein structures that shape caspase activity, specificity, activation and inhibition (2004)

The death morphology commonly known as apoptosis results from a post-translational pathway driven largely by specific limited proteolysis. In the last decade the structural basis for apoptosis regulation has moved from nothing to 'quite good', and we now know the fundamental structures of examples from the initiator phase, the pre-mitochondrial regulator phase, the executioner phase, inhibitors and their antagonists, and even the structures of some substrates. The field is as well advanced as the best known of proteolytic pathways, the coagulation cascade. Fundamentally new mechanisms in protease regulation have been disclosed. Structural evidence suggests that caspases have an unusual catalytic mechanism, and that they are activated by apparently unrelated events, depending on which position in the apoptotic pathway they occupy. Some naturally occurring caspase inhibitors have adopted classic inhibition strategies, but other have revealed completely novel mechanisms. All of the structural and mechanistic information can, and is, being applied to drive therapeutic strategies to combat overactivation of apoptosis in degenerative disease, and underactivation in neoplasia. We present a comprehensive review of the caspases, their regulators and inhibitors from a structural and mechanistic point of view, and with an aim to consolidate the many threads that define the rapid growth of this field.
Direct Microsequencing of Blotted and Covalently Attached Proteins in a Cross-Flow Reaction Chamber (1991)

A new cross-flow reaction chamber has been developed for an automatic sequencer, which allows 1.5% improved repetitive yields due to the dual-phase reaction conditions. The amount of 150 pmol initial yield could be sequenced up to sixty steps. The cross-flow reactor is also well suited to gas-phase or solid-phase techniques, but samples of more than six residues are almost equally well sequenced after application to PVDF membrane or covalent attachment to a suitable support.
Solution‐Based 3D Printing of Polymers of Intrinsic Microporosity (2018)

Current additive manufacturing methods have significant limitations in the classes of compatible polymers. Many polymers of significant technological interest cannot currently be 3D printed. Here, a generalizable method for 3D printing of viscous tenary polymer solutions (polymer/solvent/nonsolvent) is applied to both "intrinsically porous" (a polymer of intrinsic microporosity, PIM-1) and "intrinsically nonporous" (cellulose acetate) polymers. Successful ternary ink formulations require balancing of solution thermodynamics (phase separation), mass transfer (solvent evaporation), and rheology. As a demonstration, a microporous polymer (PIM-1) incompatible with current additive manufacturing technologies is 3D printed into a high-efficiency mass transfer contactor exhibiting hierarchical porosity ranging from sub-nanometer to millimeter pores. Short contactors (1.27 cm) can fully purify (<1 ppm) toluene vapor (1000 ppm) in N<sub>2</sub> gas for 1.7 h, which is six times longer than PIM-1 in traditional structures, and more than 4000 times the residence time of gas in the contactor. This solution-based additive manufacturing approach greatly extends the range of 3D-printable materials.
Highly Stereocontrolled and Efficient Preparation of the Protected, Esterification-Ready Docetaxel (Taxotere) Side Chain (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHighly Stereocontrolled and Efficient Preparation of the Protected, Esterification-Ready Docetaxel (Taxotere) Side ChainAlice M. Kanazawa, Jean-Noel Denis, and Andrew E. GreeneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 6, 1238–1240Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00085a004https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00085a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4509Altmetric-Citations166LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Skin nerve α-synuclein deposits (2014)

This study provides Class III evidence that the presence of phosphorylated α-synuclein in skin nerve fibers on skin biopsy accurately distinguishes IPD from other forms of parkinsonism.
First “hybrid” ligands of vanilloid TRPV1 and cannabinoid CB<sub>2</sub>receptors and non‐polyunsaturated fatty acid‐derived CB<sub>2</sub>‐selective ligands (2005)

12-Phenylacetyl-ricinoleoyl-vanillamide (phenylacetylrinvanil, PhAR, IDN5890), is an ultra-potent agonist of human vanilloid TRPV1 receptors also endowed with moderate affinity for human cannabinoid CB(2) receptors. To improve its CB(2) affinity and temper its potency at TRPV1, the modification of the polar headgroup and the lipophilic 12-acylgroup of PhAR was pursued. Replacement of the vanillyl headgroup of PhAR with various aromatic or alkyl amino groups decreased activity at TRPV1 receptors, although the dopamine, cyclopropylamine, 1'-(R)- and 1'-(S)-methyl-ethanolamine, and ethanolamine derivatives retained significant potency (EC(50) 31-126 nM). Within these compounds, the 12-phenylacetylricinoleyl cyclopropylamide and ethanolamide were the strongest ligands at CB(2) receptors, with K(i) of 22 and 44 nM, and 14- and >20-fold selectivity over cannabinoid CB(1) receptors, respectively. The propyl- and allyl-derivatives also exhibited high affinity at CB(2) receptors (K(i)=40 and 22 nM, with 40 and >80-fold selectivity over CB(1) receptors, respectively), but no activity at TRPV1 receptors. The cyclopropyl- and allyl-derivatives behaved as CB(2) inverse agonists in the GTP-gamma-S binding assay. Addition of para-methoxy, -tert-butyl or -chlorine groups to the 12-phenylacetyl moiety of PhAR produced compounds that retained full potency at TRPV1 receptors, but with improved selectivity over CB(2) or CB(1) receptors. Thus, the manipulation of PhAR led to the development of the first CB(2)/TRPV1 dual ligands and of an entirely new class of inverse agonists at CB(2) receptors. Both types of compounds might find application in the treatment of inflammation, and represent new molecular probes to investigate the endocannabinoid-endovanilloid signalling system.
Malignant Transformation and Antineoplastic Actions of Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs (Nsaids) on Cyclooxygenase-Null Embryo Fibroblasts (2021)

In this study, we use primary embryonic fibroblasts derived from cyclooxygenase-deficient transgenic embryos to further investigate the role of the two cyclooxygenases, cyclooxygenase 1 (COX-1) and cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), in the process of neoplastic transformation. Cells with either, neither, or both of the cyclooxygenases were transformed by Ha-ras and/or SV40. Our results show that when a cyclooxygenase enzyme is present, the transformed cells have marked increases in COX-2 and/or COX-1 expression. Nevertheless, each type of cell, deficient in either or both cyclooxygenases, can be readily transformed at almost equal efficiency. Different nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) were used to examine their possible antineoplastic effects on the transformed cells, which have various levels of expression of COX-1 or COX-2. Our results show that NSAIDs suppress the colony formation in soft agar in a dosage-dependent manner in the absence of the cyclooxygenase(s). Thymidine incorporation and apoptosis analyses further demonstrate that the NSAIDs are effective in the cyclooxygenase-null cells. Our findings with cyclooxygenase knockout cells confirm recent reports that some of the antiproliferative and antineoplastic effects of NSAIDs are independent of the inhibition of either COX-1 or COX-2. They also show that transformation is independent of the status of cyclooxygenase expression, suggesting that the involvement of the cyclooxygenases in tumorigenesis may occur at later steps.
A Novel Oxidatively Induced Structural Rearrangement of Diruthenocenyl Disulfide to the First Transition-metal Complex of 2,4-Cyclopentadien-1-thione (1996)

Abstract The first transition metal-stabilized complex of 2,4-cyclopentadien-1-thione was synthesized in the oxidation of diruthenocenyl disulfide with p-BQ/BF3·OEt2.
Schizophrenia-Associated MicroRNA–Gene Interactions in the Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex (2019)

Schizophrenia-associated anomalies in gene expression in postmortem brain can be attributed to a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Given the small effect size of common variants, it is likely that we may only see the combined impact of some of these at the pathway level in small postmortem studies. At the gene level, however, there may be more impact from common environmental exposures mediated by influential epigenomic modifiers, such as microRNA (miRNA). We hypothesise that dysregulation of miRNAs and their alteration of gene expression have significant implications in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia. In this study, we integrate changes in cortical gene and miRNA expression to identify regulatory interactions and networks associated with the disorder. Gene expression analysis in post-mortem prefrontal dorsolateral cortex (BA 46) (n = 74 matched pairs of schizophrenia, schizoaffective, and control samples) was integrated with miRNA expression in the same cohort to identify gene-miRNA regulatory networks. A significant gene-miRNA interaction network was identified, including miR-92a, miR-495, and miR-134, which converged with differentially expressed genes in pathways involved in neurodevelopment and oligodendrocyte function. The capacity for miRNA to directly regulate gene expression through respective binding sites in BCL11A, PLP1, and SYT11 was also confirmed to support the biological relevance of this integrated network model. The observations in this study support the hypothesis that miRNA dysregulation is an important factor in the complex pathophysiology of schizophrenia.
Apparent Distortion in a Slitless Spectrograph (1965)

Distortion of the first- and higher-order spectra, associated with oblique radiation entering a slitless grating spectrograph, is discussed. Equations are derived relating the film plane coordinates of the image at any wavelength to those of the zero-order image. It is shown that the locus of points of all these images is a hyperbola whose constants are ultimately determined by the focal length and the direction cosines of the incoming radiation. A formula for the local plate factor is derived also, and limitations of its applicability are discussed. The effect of skewness between the plane of the grating and that of the plate is noted, and a criterion for determining specifications for this parameter is presented.
Information capacity: a measure of potential image quality of a digital camera (2009)

The aim of the paper is to define an objective measurement for evaluating the performance of a digital camera. The challenge is to mix different flaws involving geometry (as distortion or lateral chromatic aberrations), light (as luminance and color shading), or statistical phenomena (as noise). We introduce the concept of information capacity that accounts for all the main defects than can be observed in digital images, and that can be due either to the optics or to the sensor. The information capacity describes the potential of the camera to produce good images. In particular, digital processing can correct some flaws (like distortion). Our definition of information takes possible correction into account and the fact that processing can neither retrieve lost information nor create some. This paper extends some of our previous work where the information capacity was only defined for RAW sensors. The concept is extended for cameras with optical defects as distortion, lateral and longitudinal chromatic aberration or lens shading.
<title>Adhesive forces acting on micro-objects in manipulation under SEM</title> (1998)

In this paper, a system for measuring adhesive forces acting on micro objects under SEM and the obtained experimental results are discussed. In order to manipulate micro objects as small as 0.1 to 100 micrometers under scanning electron microscope (SEM) reliably, it is necessary to examine microadhesive forces acting on the objects by direct measurement. This is because adhesive forces acting on micro objects such as electrostatic force, surface tension force and van der Waals force are affected by various factors not considered in idealized theories. We have constructed an in situ micro force measurement system under SEM with a resolution of 1nN. The system is attached to the micro object handling system under SEM developed by the authors. The forces are obtained by measuring the displacement of a V-shaped parallel leaf cantilever with the laser interferometer. A worktable is attached to the cantilever is calculated from the change of its natural frequency, which is caused when a known mass is added at the tip. Utilizing this system, we have measured adhesive forces acting on micro solder spheres of 25 micrometers in diameter in situ while manipulating them and found the magnitude of the force is several 100nN. Besides, we proved the effectiveness of the micro object handling skills modifying facing area proposed by the authors.
Next Generation Information Storage Technology (2020)

With the rapid development of computer technology and network technology, the huge amount of data generated has brought great challenges to the traditional data storage methods, so researchers began to devote themselves to finding a new generation of storage solutions. DNA storage technology is a new type of information storage technology. It refers to the technology of storing documents, pictures, video and other information with synthetic deoxynucleotide chains and reading them completely. By encoding the data into binary digital strings, and then encoding the corresponding binary digits with four bases A, T, C and G, the data can be constructed in the form of deoxynucleotide chains. Then the corresponding DNA molecules can be synthesized artificially, and the data can be stored in DNA molecules. Due to the advantages of high storage density and long storage time, DNA storage can meet the needs of big data storage, and it is possible to replace silicon-based materials as the next generation of information storage technology.