gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clonidine Prevents Insulin Resistance and Hypertension in Obese Dogs (1999)

The role that the central sympathetic nervous system plays in the development of obesity hypertension and insulin was evaluated by feeding dogs a high fat diet with or without clonidine treatment. Thirteen adult mongrel dogs were chronically instrumented and randomly assigned to receive either a high fat diet and no clonidine (n=6) or a high fat diet plus clonidine (n=7), 0.3 mg BID. Blood pressure, heart rate, plasma insulin, and electrolytes were measured daily. Insulin resistance was assessed with a multiple-dose euglycemic clamp (1, 2, and 30 mU. kg-1. min-1) before and after 1, 3, and 6 weeks of the high fat diet. Clonidine prevented the hypertension, tachycardia, and insulin resistance associated with feeding dogs the high fat diet but did not affect weight gain. The present study suggests that the central sympathetic nervous system plays a critical role in the development of both insulin resistance and hypertension associated with feeding dogs a high fat diet.
The U.S.'s New Divide-and-Conquer Strategy in Northeast Asia (2014)

In aviation diplomacy, the term divide and conquer has been specifically used to describe the United States' strategy vis-a-vis the States of the European Union. The strategy comprises the use of open skies agreements with neighboring States, and the orders granting antitrust immunity for joint activities (including joint ventures) between their national carriers. Indeed, antitrust immunity approval was the reward that the U.S. Department of Transportation offered in exchange for liberalizing markets through open skies bilateral air transport agreements. The divide-and-conquer (or encirclement) strategy proved highly successful in Europe. Recently, the U.S.'s divide-and-conquer strategy in Northeast Asia is attracting notice. The U.S.'s open skies agreements with South Korea and Japan - and its antitrust immunity policy with Northeast Asian carriers - have been putting pressure on China. While the national carriers of the U.S., Japan, and Korea are starting joint ventures, Chinese air carriers cannot form a joint venture with U.S. carriers because the two countries do not have an open skies agreement. Moreover, given that China, Korea, and Japan are the relevant market in the context of the China-U.S. market, the U.S.'s closer aviation ties with Japan and Korea are making one-stop flights via their hub airports more competitive, which surely have an impact on the U.S.-China aviation market. It is keenly interesting to see whether the U.S.'s divide-and-conquer strategy will be as successful in Northeast Asia as it was in Europe.
Volatile Compounds of human Milk (2000)

Voeavr cimdsf hak have beevesgaed coar9erca cow m Ves fhe mks were isated by sutaeos steadisatiexractiR (SDE) under reduced pressure using diethyl ether as a solvent The odor coneentrates were anaiyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry ldentified compounds from the human milk ineluded 6 esters 13 ketones 6 fatty acids 2 lactones 24 aliphatic aldehydes 9 alcohols 18 hydrocarbons and 6 miscellaneous compounds The coposiovlatie c()p()ds wasite derefrtaof thcwilk Ofhe voaesthe huak the praryaRt cass was a1ehydes ade secndarye was volatile fatty acids
Naturalistic Peer Interventions for Promoting Preschool Children's Social Interactions (1995)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image size Additional informationNotes on contributorsSamuel L. OdomWilliam H. Brown is an assistant professor of special education in the Department of Educational Psychology at the University of South Carolina in Columbia, a faculty member of the Institute for Families in Society at the University of South Carolina, and a co-investigator in the Early Childhood Research Institute on Inclusion of John F. Kennedy Center for Research on Human Development, Peabody College of Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee. Samuel L. Odom is a professor in the Department of Special Education at Peabody College of Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Co-Director of the Institute of Prevention, Early Intervention, and Families at the John F. Kennedy Center for Research at Vanderbilt University, and Principal Investigator of the Early Childhood Research Institute on Inclusion.
Human IL-1Ra gene transfer into human synovial fibroblasts is chondroprotective (1997)

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by progressive destruction of synovial cartilage. In vitro, degradation of cartilage is stimulated by IL-1, a proinflammatory cytokine, which is released from RA synovial fibroblasts (RA-SF). To determine whether gene therapy using the gene encoding the naturally occurring inhibitor of IL-1, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) is feasible, IL-1 Ra-transduced RA-SF were coimplanted with normal human cartilage in SCID mice. The IL-1 Ra-transduced RA-SF continued to secrete IL-1Ra over a 60-day period. Cartilage that was coimplanted with RA-SF transduced with a marker gene exhibited progressive, chondrocyte-mediated cartilage degradation, whereas no such degradation was observed in cartilage that was coimplanted with RA-SF transduced with IL-1 Ra. Thus, gene therapy using a retrovirus-based gene delivery system appears to be a feasible approach to effectively modifying the local synovial environment.
Macadamia husk compost improves soil health in sub-tropical horticulture (2004)

The macadamia industry has acknowledged that bare soil under mature trees with mechanical harvesting from the orchard floor has resulted in soil loss from erosion. Macadamia husk and poultry manure were composted to provide a surface cover and the effects of compost on soil health assessed. A green waste compost was also included for comparison. Both composts and a compost treatment with a fibre mat on top were applied to three tree plots of macadamias, and soil health indicators were measured for 18 months. Microbial activity increased in the 0-2cm and 2-10cm soil layers under compost over time, and was significantly greater than the bare soil control. The soil pH under the husk compost increased from 4.15 to 5.0 after 18 months in the 0-2cm layer. The green waste compost did not improve these soil properties as much, but was greater than the bare soil. Water holding capacity was only increased by the husk compost. The green waste compost had a much larger particle size and different source material which may explain the differences. By 18 months, the microbial biomass carbon in the 0-2cm layer under the husk compost showed that the population was 300% more than bare soil, while the green waste compost was only 50% greater. The benefits of husk compost under macadamia trees were substantial as it improved soil fertility and may reduce soil loss in the long term.
Trends in Antimicrobial Resistance Among Today's Bacterial Pathogens (1995)

Resistance of nosocomial and community-acquired pathogens to antimicrobial agents is a serious problem with significant clinical consequences. Microbiologic surveillance data, such as those provided by the National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance System, supply information on current nosocomial pathogens in the United States. Many species show resistance to commonly used antimicrobials and, in many cases, it is emerging resistance. Resistance in many gram-negative bacteria is caused by beta-lactamase production. Escherichia coli, the leading nosocomial pathogen, is capable of hyperproducing TEM-1 beta-lactamase. A novel form of resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae and E. coli is caused by extended-spectrum cephalosporinases. Many Enterobacteriaceae can be induced to produce group 1 beta-lactamase by exposure to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and other beta-lactams. Thirty percent of Haemophilus influenzae isolates are resistant to ampicillin because of beta-lactamase production. Issues of concern in gram-positive species include multiple antimicrobial resistance in methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, enterococci, and coagulase-negative staphylococci, and increasing beta-lactam resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. To minimize the development of resistance, antimicrobials must be administered judiciously, and infection-control practices must be instituted and followed.
Etiology of Ectopic Pregnancy (1955)

From the Gynaecological and Obstetrical Departments, Hadassah Municipal Hospital, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
Effect of a Diet Enriched with Monounsaturated or Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Levels of Low-Density and High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Healthy Women and Men (1989)

Polyunsaturated fatty acids are thought to lower the serum cholesterol level more effectively than monounsaturated fatty acids. It is unclear whether the difference--if any--is due to a lowering of the level of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) or low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol. We therefore placed 31 women and 27 men on a mixed natural diet rich in saturated fat (19.3 percent of their daily energy intake from saturated fat, 11.5 percent from monounsaturated fat, and 4.6 percent from polyunsaturated fat) for 17 days. For the next 36 days, they received a mixed diet with the same total fat content, but enriched with olive oil and sunflower oil ("monounsaturated-fat diet": 12.9 percent saturated fat, 15.1 percent monounsaturated fat, and 7.9 percent polyunsaturated fat) or with sunflower oil alone ("polyunsaturated-fat diet": 12.6 percent saturated fat, 10.8 percent monounsaturated fat, and 12.7 percent polyunsaturated fat). The serum LDL cholesterol level decreased by 17.9 percent in those on the monounsaturated-fat diet and by 12.9 percent in those on the polyunsaturated-fat diet (95 percent confidence interval for the difference between the effects of the two unsaturated-fat diets, -9.9 percent to 0.0 percent). In men, the HDL cholesterol level fell slightly but not significantly with both diets. In women, the HDL cholesterol level did not change with either. We conclude that a mixed diet rich in monounsaturated fat was as effective as a diet rich in (n-6)polyunsaturated fat in lowering LDL cholesterol. Both diets lowered the level of HDL cholesterol slightly in men but not in women.
Energy Savings in the Hydraulic Circuit of Agricultural Tractors (2014)

Increasing interest in reducing pollutant emissions and fuel consumption of off-road vehicles has led to research into alternative systems that aim to reduce the power dissipation of the hydraulic circuits equipping such vehicles. This work proposes alternative hydraulic architectures for agricultural tractors in comparison with traditional systems. The alternative circuit architecture uses independent metering valves and electronically controlled variable pump and involves different control strategies. The analysis is performed with reference to the hydraulic circuit and operating conditions of the remote utilities of a medium-sized tractor. A duty cycle for remote utilities is used for the analysis, obtained from experimental measurements on a tractor equipped with a front loader. Traditional and alternative architectures are modelled using a lumped parameter approach. In this way it is demonstrated that considerable energy savings can be achieved using the alternative architectures.
The Dynamic Nuclear Redistribution of an hnRNP K-homologous Protein during <i>Drosophila</i> Embryo Development and Heat Shock. Flexibility of Transcription Sites In Vivo (1997)

The Drosophila protein Hrb57A has sequence homology to mammalian heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) K proteins. Its in vivo distribution has been studied at high resolution by confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) in embryos injected with fluorescently labeled monoclonal antibody. Injection of antibody into living embryos had no apparent deleterious effects on further development. Furthermore, the antibody-protein complex could be observed for more than 7 cell cycles in vivo, revealing a dynamic redistribution from the nucleus to cytoplasm at each mitosis from blastoderm until hatching. The evaluation of two- and three-dimensional CLSM data sets demonstrated important differences in the localization of the protein in the nuclei of living compared to fixed embryos. The Hrb57A protein was recruited to the 93D locus upon heat shock and thus serves as an in vivo probe for the activity of the gene in diploid cells of the embryo. Observations during heat shock revealed considerable mobility within interphase nuclei of this transcription site. Furthermore, the reinitiation as well as the down regulation of transcriptional loci in vivo during the recovery from heat shock could be followed by the rapid redistribution of the hnRNP K during stress recovery. These data are incompatible with a model of the interphase nucleus in which transcription complexes are associated with a rigid nuclear matrix.
Epitaxial Growth of Metal(CoSi<sub>2</sub>)/Insulator(CaF<sub>2</sub>) Nanometer-Thick Layered Structure on Si(111) (1992)

Epitaxial growth of a metal(CoSi 2 )/insulator(CaF 2 ) nanometer-thick layered structure on Si(111) was demonstrated. An epitaxial CoSi 2 layer on CaF 2 was obtained by the two-step growth technique, i.e., solid phase epitaxy with the epitaxial Si layer grown in the first step and Co deposited in the second step. This technique was shown to be effective in avoiding the Co agglomeration on the CaF 2 layer observed in the co-evaporation of Si and Co. An epitaxial CaF 2 layer was formed on CoSi 2 /CaF 2 at low substrate temperature (450°C) with a partially ionized and accelerated CaF 2 beam, to avoid Co agglomeration in the CoSi 2 /CaF 2 underlayer as well. Obtained results showed a single-crystalline nature in reflection high-energy electron diffraction (RHEED) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations.
<i>cis</i>‐5‐olefinic unusual fatty acids in seed lipids of gymnospermae and their distribution in triacylglycerols (1982)

Abstract Open‐tubular gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids in the lipids from the seeds of 20 species of Gymnospermae showed that they all contained nonmethylene‐interrupted polyenoic (NMIP) acids as minor components and palmitic, oleic, linoleic and α‐linolenic acids as major components. The NMIP acids have an additional 5,6‐ethylenic bond in ordinary plant unsaturated fatty acids and the following C 2 elongation acids: cis ‐5, cis ‐9‐octadecadienoic acid (5,9–18∶2) (I); 5,9,12–18∶3 (II); 5,9,12,15–18∶4, 5,11–20∶2, 5,11,14–20∶3 (III); and 5,11,14,17–20∶4 (IV). The main NMIP acids found in neutral lipids are I in two species of Taxus , II in seven species of Pinaceae, III in two species of Podocarpaceae, Torreya nucifera, Cycas revoluta , and Ginkgo biloba , and III and IV in each of three species of Taxodiaceae, and Cupressaceae. The polar lipids constitute the minor fraction of seed lipids in general. The content and composition of NMIP acids in these lipids differe considerably from those in neutral lipids. Analysis of the partial cleavage products of triacylglycerols showed that the NMIP acids distribute mainly in the 1,3‐position.
Treatment of solid organ transplant recipients with autologous Epstein Barr virus–specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) (2006)

We have investigated the in vivo safety, efficacy, and persistence of autologous Epstein Barr virus (EBV)-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) for the treatment of solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients at high risk for EBV-associated posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD). EBV-CTLs generated from 35 patients expanded with normal kinetics contained both CD8 and CD4 lymphocytes and produced significant specific killing of autologous EBV-transformed B lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCLs). Twelve SOT recipients at high risk for PTLD, or with active disease, received autologous CTL infusions without toxicity. Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) monitoring of EBV-DNA showed a transient increase in plasma EBV-DNA suggestive of lysis of EBV-infected cells, although there was no consistent decrease in virus load in peripheral-blood mononuclear cells. Interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay and tetramer analysis showed an increase in the frequency of EBV-responsive T cells, which returned to preinfusion levels after 2 to 6 months. None of the treated patients developed PTLD. One patient with liver PTLD showed a complete response, and one with ocular disease has had a partial response stable for over one year. These data are consistent with an expansion and persistence of adoptively transferred EBV-CTLs that is limited in the presence of continued immunosuppression but that nonetheless produces clinically useful antiviral activity.
A new universal coding scheme for the binary memoryless source (1977)

A coding scheme for the binary memoryless source is presented. The scheme is an extension of a scheme discovered by Lynch and Davisson and developed by Schalkwijk, and is based upon the Schalkwijk algorithm for the Lynch-Davisson (LD) code. The new coding scheme is shown to be asymptotically optimal as the block length approaches infinity, regardless of the source statistics. Although the LD scheme is minimax-universal, it is not optimal for low source entropies and finite block lengths. Run length coding is shown to be closer to optimal for low source entropies, and the new scheme is shown to be practically equivalent to run length coding in this range.
Harmony: EEG/MEG Linear Inverse Source Reconstruction in the Anatomical Basis of Spherical Harmonics (2012)

EEG/MEG source localization based on a "distributed solution" is severely underdetermined, because the number of sources is much larger than the number of measurements. In particular, this makes the solution strongly affected by sensor noise. A new way to constrain the problem is presented. By using the anatomical basis of spherical harmonics (or spherical splines) instead of single dipoles the dimensionality of the inverse solution is greatly reduced without sacrificing the quality of the data fit. The smoothness of the resulting solution reduces the surface bias and scatter of the sources (incoherency) compared to the popular minimum-norm algorithms where single-dipole basis is used (MNE, depth-weighted MNE, dSPM, sLORETA, LORETA, IBF) and allows to efficiently reduce the effect of sensor noise. This approach, termed Harmony, performed well when applied to experimental data (two exemplars of early evoked potentials) and showed better localization precision and solution coherence than the other tested algorithms when applied to realistically simulated data.
a-InGaZnO Active-Matrix Organic LED Pixel Periodically Detecting Thin-Film Transistor Threshold Voltage Once for Multiple Frames (2015)

This letter proposes a new voltage-programmed amorphous indium-gallium-zinc-oxide (a-IGZO) thin-film transistor (TFT) pixel circuit for active-matrix organic light-emitting diode (AMOLED) displays. The proposed circuit detects the VTH of the driving TFT only in a periodically executed compensation frame, allowing the other frames to perform only data input and emission for high-speed applications. An HSPICE model is also established based on the measured electrical characteristics of a fabricated a-IGZO TFT. The simulation results reveal that the proposed circuit can compensate for the degradation of the driving TFT and the OLED without external circuits. Moreover, the current error rates are <;6.32%, so the proposed circuit is effective for use in AMOLED displays.
Absorption-controlled tunable DFB amplifier-filters (1994)

The continuous tuning range of a three-section DFB amplifier-filter with a passive centre section can be strongly enhanced by combining the carrier-induced Bragg wavelength shift with the conventional wavelength shift due to the phase shift between the two lateral gain sections. This principle is demonstrated by the fabrication of filters exhibiting a nearly constant gain of 15 dB as well as a 4 GHz filtering bandwidth over a 2.2 nm continuous tuning range.
<i>In vivo</i> , Noninvasive, Label-Free Detection and Eradication of Circulating Metastatic Melanoma Cells Using Two-Color Photoacoustic Flow Cytometry with a Diode Laser (2009)

The circulating tumor cell (CTC) count has been shown as a prognostic marker for metastasis development. However, its clinical utility for metastasis prevention remains unclear, because metastases may already be present at the time of initial diagnosis with existing assays. Their sensitivity ex vivo is limited by a small blood sample volume, whereas in vivo examination of larger blood volumes may be clinically restricted by the toxicity of labels used for targeting of CTCs. We introduce a method for in vivo photoacoustic blood cancer testing with a high-pulse-repetition-rate diode laser that, when applied to melanoma, is free of this limitation. It uses the overexpression of melanin clusters as intrinsic, spectrally-specific cancer markers and signal amplifiers, thus providing higher photoacoustic contrast of melanoma cells compared with a blood background. In tumor-bearing mouse models and melanoma-spiked human blood samples, we showed a sensitivity level of 1 CTC/mL with the potential to improve this sensitivity 10(3)-fold in humans in vivo, which is impossible with existing assays. Additional advances of this platform include decreased background signals from blood through changes in its oxygenation, osmolarity, and hematocrit within physiologic norms, assessment of CTCs in deep vessels, in vivo CTC enrichment, and photoacoustic-guided photothermal ablation of CTCs in the bloodstream. These advances make feasible the early diagnosis of melanoma during the initial parallel progression of primary tumor and CTCs, and laser blood purging using noninvasive or hemodialysis-like schematics for the prevention of metastasis.
Synthesis and characterization of lysine modified chitosan/NO donor (2010)

Lysine modified chitosan at the C6 position was prepared by lysine react with C6-carboxylmethyl chitosan which was activated by N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS) and dicuclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC), then lysine modified chitosan was reacted with nitric oxide at 607.9 kPa for 7 days and formed a NO releasing diazeniumdiolates. The chemical structure of the product was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic(FT-IR), UV and hydrogen nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum(1H-NMR). The NO release profile for this NO donor in phosphate buffer solution (pH7.4, 37 ℃) was investigated by the Griess assay. The result shows that the total NO release of the diazeniumdiolate is 327 nmol/mg and the half-life is t1/2=0.23 h.
Adding Local Contrast to Global Gamut Mapping Algorithms (2006)

This paper deals with the potential of spatial gamut mapping methods as a complement to global gamut mapping algorithms. The main goal is to recover the original local contrast between neighboring pixels in addition to the usual optimization of preserving lightness, saturation and global contrast. As a typical representative for such a spatial mapping concept, we study unsharp masking applied to an image of the difference of the original and the result of a given gamut mapping algorithm. Thereby an edge preserving smoothing algorithm is used to avoid halo artefacts. In our psychophysical experiments every considered gamut mapping algorithm shows a significant gain in preference by our local contrast approach. The presented method can be seen as an additional feature towards an image-to-device gamut mapping design.