gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Textile‐Based Electrochemical Energy Storage Devices (2016)

In the past few years, insensitive attentions have been drawn to wearable and flexible energy storage devices/systems along with the emergence of wearable electronics. Much progress has been achieved in developing flexible electrochemical energy storage devices with high end‐use performance. However, challenges still remain in well balancing the electrochemical properties, mechanical properties, and the processing technologies. In this review, a specific perspective on the development of textile‐based electrochemical energy storage devices (TEESDs), in which textile components and technologies are utilized to enhance the energy storage ability and mechanical properties of wearable electronic devices, is provided. The discussion focuses on the material preparation and characteristics, electrode and device fabrication strategies, electrochemical performance and metrics, wearable compatibility, and fabrication scalability of TEESDs including textile‐based supercapacitors and lithium‐ion batteries.
Requirements for the induction of allospecific CD8+ suppressor T cells in the rat primary mixed lymphocyte response. CD4+, CD45R+ T cells, or supernatant factor. (1989)

We examined the requirements for the induction of the MLR-generated allospecific CD8+ suppressor T cells in the rat. Depleting the responder population of CD4+ T cells before initiating the primary MLR abrogates the generation of day-5 CD8+ T suppressor effectors. Readdition of at least 10% CD4+ T cells to the CD4+ depleted primary MLR reconstitutes suppressor cell generation. Using the anti-CD45R monoclonal antibody OX22, we also show that the T suppressor inducer cells are CD4+ CD45R+. Using a dual chamber Transwell culture system, which allows cells to be co-incubated without direct cell-to-cell contact, we show that a soluble factor/s, produced during the course of the primary MLR, is capable of inducing naive CD8+ T cells to become suppressor effectors but only when these CD8 T cells are in direct contact with allogeneic stimulators. Allospecificity is conferred by the stimulator cells and not by the suppressor-inducer factor. The supernatant of day-5 primary MLR is also capable of inducing antigen-specific suppressor effectors from naive CD8+ T cells, and also only in the presence of allogeneic stimulator cells. Recombinant human IL-2, in doses that are up to five times the amount present in the supernatant cultures, is unable to induce suppressor-effector cells from naive CD8+ T cells. We conclude that, to become allospecific suppressor effectors, naive CD8+ T cells require contact with allogeneic stimulator cells and either CD4+ CD45R+ suppressor inducer cells or suppressor inducer factor/s produced during the course of the primary MLR.
Vectors Encoding Alternative Antibiotic Resistance for Use in the Yeast Two-Hybrid System (1996)

We have altered the antibiotic resistance of the reporter plasmids and the pJG4-5 activation-domain and pEG202 DNA binding-domain plasmids used in the Brent interaction trap/two-hybrid system. These plasmids were each previously ampicillin-resistant, resulting in an inefficient purification of any one plasmid from a yeast strain containing all three plasmids that constitute the complete interaction trap. By creating derivatives of each of these plasmids expressing either kanamycin or chloramphenicol resistance, along with the parent plasmids, we now have the option to use the interaction trap in yeast with three E. coli differentially selectable vectors. This will allow isolation of any one plasmid by purifying all of the interaction trap plasmids from yeast simultaneously and plating E. coli transformed with the plasmids onto the appropriate antibiotic plate to select the particular plasmid of interest.
Interactive Marketing: The Influence of Participation onPositive Word‐of‐Mouth and Referrals (1992)

Considers which interactive marketing behaviours will result in the broadest word‐of‐mouth or the largest volume of new client referrals. Suggests that the intensity and variety of client participation during the service delivery process is predictive of positive word‐of‐mouth and referrals. Reports on a study examining participation during service delivery which highlighted four key factors – tangibility, attendance, empathy and meaningful interaction. Maintains that these results support interactive marketing management in the field of complex services and can help the creation of a specific service delivery system.
Expression, purification and crystallization of VP4 protease from<i>Tellina</i>virus 1 (2010)

Tellina virus 1 is an aquabirnavirus that was isolated from the sand-dwelling marine bivalve mollusc Tellina tenuis. The self-encoded protease viral protein 4 (VP4) processes its own polyprotein to yield the individual proteins VP2 and VP3 that are required for viral assembly. VP4 protease utilizes a serine-lysine catalytic dyad in its mechanism. A full-length VP4 construct was overexpressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity using nickel-affinity chromatography. Ion-exchange and size-exclusion chromatographic steps were utilized to isolate a monomeric fraction of the protein. The purified monomeric VP4 was subjected to limited proteolysis to yield crystallizable protein. Crystal growth was performed using the hanging-drop vapour-diffusion method and was carried out at room temperature (∼296 K). Hexagonal crystals grew in the presence of PEG 8000, ammonium sulfate and urea. These crystals diffracted to beyond 2.1 Å resolution and belonged to space group P6(4)22, with unit-cell parameters a=59.1, b=59.1, c=208.1 Å, one molecule in the asymmetric unit and a solvent content of 42%.
Isoindole Formation by a Novel Rearrangement (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsoindole Formation by a Novel RearrangementR. Ian Fryer, J. V. Earley, and L. H. SternbachCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1966, 88, 13, 3173–3174Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00965a078https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00965a078research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views145Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Intelligent Lightpath Selection Schemes (2002)

We demonstrate, one example of the requirement of taking into account physical impairments occurring at the wavelength level. Simulations reveal the superiority of protocols that rake the nonlinear impairments (e.g., four-wave mixing (FWM) into consideration during routing and wavelength assignment phase)
Antiteratogenic effects of tumor inhibitors, caffeine, antipain, and retinoic acid in mice. (1983)

To learn the effects of tumor inhibitors on chemically induced malformations, caffeine, antipain, and 13-trans-retinoic acid were given to pregnant ICR/Jcl mice after a single dose of urethan, N-hydroxyurethan, N-methyl-N-nitrosourea, N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea, or 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide, which induces about 50% of the malformed fetuses. When caffeine was given immediately after carcinogen treatment on Day 10, urethan- and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced malformations were significantly suppressed by caffeine posttreatment, while N-hydroxyurethan- and N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced malformations were not suppressed by caffeine. 4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide-initiated teratogenesis was also suppressed, but not significantly so (p not equal to 0.07). The results were very similar to those of the effects of caffeine on tumors induced by these carcinogens. Malformations of genetic origin (cleft palates and cleft lips) in CL/Fr mice were also suppressed significantly by caffeine treatment on Days 8 to 11, although the level of inhibition was less than that in chemically induced malformations. A protease inhibitor (antipromotor), antipain, also suppressed urethan-induced malformations. The antiteratogenic effects of antipain were most effective when it was given during the period of 24 to 48 hr after urethan treatment, while those of caffeine were most effective when it was given immediately after urethan. The promoting process might be involved in chemically induced teratogenesis, as it was in carcinogenesis. A natural retinoid (13-trans-retinoic acid) also suppressed urethan-induced malformations. Thus, tumors and malformations induced by chemical carcinogens were suppressed by tumor inhibitors, suggesting the similarity of both processes in the subcellular level, in spite of their morphological differences.
A Multi-Perspective Architecture for Semantic Code Search (2020)

The ability to match pieces of code to their corresponding natural language descriptions and vice versa is fundamental for natural language search interfaces to software repositories. In this paper, we propose a novel multiperspective cross-lingual neural framework for code-text matching, inspired in part by a previous model for monolingual text-to-text matching, to capture both global and local similarities. Our experiments on the CoNaLa dataset show that our proposed model yields better performance on this cross-lingual text-to-code matching task than previous approaches that map code and text to a single joint embedding space.
Review of Current Literature on the Economic Burden of<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection (2008)

Clostridium difficile is well recognized as the most common infectious cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea. Since 2000, this pathogen has demonstrated an increased propensity to cause more frequent and virulent illness that is often refractory to treatment. An analysis by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention revealed that, in the United States, the number of patients discharged from hospitals who received the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision discharge diagnosis code for C. difficile infection (CDI) more than doubled from 2000 to 2003. Unpublished data indicate that this trend has continued and that more than 250,000 US hospitalizations were associated with CDI in 2005. A previously uncommon hypervirulent strain of C. difficile is thought to contribute, in part, to the dramatic increase in the incidence and severity of the infection. Although the economic impact of the disease is believed to be profound and is expected to increase, data on the costs associated with CDI are scarce. To more completely assess its economic burden, we performed a review of available literature that reported costs associated with the infection.
Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: update on prognostic factors (2009)

Identification of biologically distinctive subsets of ALL through cytogenetic, molecular, and gene expression studies, as well as investigations of minimal residual disease and host pharmacogenomics, offer promising avenues of research. Integration of molecular tools into clinical practice will ultimately allow for more precise risk stratification and individualized treatment planning.
Mixed Precision Training With 8-bit Floating Point (2019)

Reduced precision computation for deep neural networks is one of the key areas addressing the widening compute gap driven by an exponential growth in model size. In recent years, deep learning training has largely migrated to 16-bit precision, with significant gains in performance and energy efficiency. However, attempts to train DNNs at 8-bit precision have met with significant challenges because of the higher precision and dynamic range requirements of back-propagation. In this paper, we propose a method to train deep neural networks using 8-bit floating point representation for weights, activations, errors, and gradients. In addition to reducing compute precision, we also reduced the precision requirements for the master copy of weights from 32-bit to 16-bit. We demonstrate state-of-the-art accuracy across multiple data sets (imagenet-1K, WMT16) and a broader set of workloads (Resnet-18/34/50, GNMT, Transformer) than previously reported. We propose an enhanced loss scaling method to augment the reduced subnormal range of 8-bit floating point for improved error propagation. We also examine the impact of quantization noise on generalization and propose a stochastic rounding technique to address gradient noise. As a result of applying all these techniques, we report slightly higher validation accuracy compared to full precision baseline.
A Clinically Useful Tool to Determine an Effective Snellen Fraction: Details (2009)

Abstract : A patient's visual function has been routinely assessed by a visual acuity measurement, usually by means of a Snellen chart. More recently, visual acuity measurements have been extended to measure the progress of disease or the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. Thus, accurate and reproducible visual acuity measurements are needed. However, the intrinsic variability in line-by-line scoring is high because only 50%-80% of the letters in a line need be correctly identified to score a successful reading of the entire line. To reduce this high test-retest variability, we developed a tool whereby the cumulative letter-by-letter logarithm of minimum angle of resolution (LogMAR) values of a patient's responses are converted into an effective Snellen fraction. With these concepts, test-retest visual acuity measurements are known to be more precise by up to a factor of 2. These concepts have been combined into a spreadsheet that automatically and transparently calculates the effective Snellen fraction. This spreadsheet is simple to use, making its introduction into the clinic straightforward. This report documents the details of the processes constituting this tool, which is available for download from the Pennsylvania College of Optometry web site: www.salus.edu.
A Novel Load Control Strategy For TD-SCDMA Enhanced Uplink (2008)

In this paper, we propose a novel load control strategy for TD-SCDMA Enhanced Uplink, called as system-based load control strategy. We compare its performance with the cell-based load control strategy, which was widely accepted in TD-SCDMA release 4/5. It is concluded that system-based load control outperforms cell-based load control in the rise over thermal (RoT) control and the system throughput.
TCP Internal Buffers Optimization for Fast Long-Distance Links (2006)

In recent years, issues regarding the behavior of TCP in high-speed and long-distance networks have been extensively addressed in the networking research community, both because TCP is the most widespread transport protocol in the current Internet and because bandwidth-delay product continues to grow. The well known problem of TCP in high bandwidthdelay product networks is that the TCP Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease AIMD probing mechanism is too slow in adapting the sending rate to the end-to-end available bandwidth. To overcome this problem, many modifications have been proposed such as FAST TCP [1], STCP [2], HSTCP [3], HTCP [4], BIC TCP [5] and CUBIC TCP [6]. The goal of this work is to investigate, by using both analytical models and simulation results, optimal sizing of the retransmission and out-of-order TCP buffers in case of modified TCP congestion control settings and to highlight differences between NewReno TCP and SACK TCP packet loss recovery schemes in terms of TCP internal buffers requirements. An important result is that the SACK option turns out to be particularly effective in reducing buffer requirements in the case of very high bandwidthdelay product links.
Scene interpretation by fusing intermediate results of multiple visual sensory information processing (2002)

Proposes a scene interpretation system which makes use of intermediate results of multiple visual sensory information processing for efficient object recognition. By using the intermediate results, the scene interpretation can start just after the necessary information is obtained. Therefore, the total computation time can be reduced. Since the range acquisition by multi-stage stereo method needs a longer time than color image segmentation, the intermediate results of the stereo method are sent to a fusion process in order to make the interpretation process efficient. The authors apply the method to scenes including cars, trees, road, and ground regions, and show to what extent the computation time can be reduced by the method.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Unsupervised Controllable Text Formalization (2019)

We propose a novel framework for controllable natural language transformation. Realizing that the requirement of parallel corpus is practically unsustainable for controllable generation tasks, an unsupervised training scheme is introduced. The crux of the framework is a deep neural encoder-decoder that is reinforced with text-transformation knowledge through auxiliary modules (called scorers). These scorers, based on off-the-shelf language processing tools, decide the learning scheme of the encoder-decoder based on its actions. We apply this framework for the text-transformation task of formalizing an input text by improving its readability grade; the degree of required formalization can be controlled by the user at run-time. Experiments on public datasets demonstrate the efficacy of our model towards: (a) transforming a given text to a more formal style, and (b) varying the amount of formalness in the output text based on the specified input control. Our code and datasets are released for academic use.
Non-cell autonomous requirement for the<i>bloodless</i>gene in primitive hematopoiesis of zebrafish (2002)

Vertebrate hematopoiesis occurs in two distinct phases, primitive (embryonic) and definitive (adult). Genes that are required specifically for the definitive program, or for both phases of hematopoiesis, have been described. However, a specific regulator of primitive hematopoiesis has yet to be reported. The zebrafish bloodless (bls) mutation causes absence of embryonic erythrocytes in a dominant but incompletely penetrant manner. Primitive macrophages appear to develop normally in bls mutants. Although the thymic epithelium forms normally in bls mutants, lymphoid precursors are absent. Nonetheless, the bloodless mutants can progress through embryogenesis, where red cells begin to accumulate after 5 days post-fertilization (dpf). Lymphocytes also begin to populate the thymic organs by 7.5 dpf. Expression analysis of hematopoietic genes suggests that formation of primitive hematopoietic precursors is deficient in bls mutants and those few blood precursors that are specified fail to differentiate and undergo apoptosis. Overexpression of scl, but not bmp4 or gata1, can lead to partial rescue of embryonic blood cells in bls. Cell transplantation experiments show that cells derived from bls mutant donors can differentiate into blood cells in a wild-type host, but wild-type donor cells fail to form blood in the mutant host. These observations demonstrate that the bls gene product is uniquely required in a non-cell autonomous manner for primitive hematopoiesis, potentially acting via regulation of scl.
Inexact algorithms for correction of errors due to flexibility of dynamic structures (2002)

In the development of an intelligent controller to manage the flexibility of dynamic systems the combination of fuzzy logic and neural networks, inexact algorithms, can be applied in constructing an intelligent kernel. Using human operator's experience and knowledge, correcting actions can be translated into groups of network connections and sets of control rules. In order to emulate the distortion of an end-effector caused by flexible mechanical structures, a spring mounted pen (SMP) is designed and engaged in the experiments. A machine vision station is constructed in the test rig to monitor the results of the SMP following process. By analysing the processing errors as well as feeding back on-line information to the intelligent controller, the problems of inaccuracy due to flexibility of dynamic systems can be overcome. The method developed is essentially trying to avoid using very complex sensors to monitor all the system rind environment factors. Through an on-line self-learning process-the intelligent kernel compares the difference between the desired pattern and the resultant pattern to make the appropriate compensation.
Adaptive thresholding for proactive network problem detection (2002)

The detection of network fault scenarios has been achieved using the statistical information contained in the Management Information Base (MIB) variables. An appropriate subset of MIB variables was chosen in order to adequately describe the function of the node. The time series data obtained from these variables was analyzed using a sequential generalized likelihood ratio (GLR) test. The GLR test was used to detect the change points in the behavior of the variables. Using a binary hypothesis test, variable level alarms were generated based on the magnitude of the detected changes as compared to the normal situation. These alarms were combined using a duration filter resulting in a set of node level alarms, which correlated with the experimentally observed network faults and performance problems. The algorithm has been tested on real network data. The applicability of our algorithm to a heterogeneous node was confirmed by using the MIB data from a second node. Interestingly, for most of the faults studied, detection occurs in advance of the fault (at least 5 min) and the algorithm is simple enough for potential online implementation: thus allowing the possibility of prediction and recovery in the future.
The role of folate in depression and dementia. (2007)

Adequate levels of folate are crucial for proper brain and body functioning. Folate deficiencies may lead to an increased risk of depression and poorer antidepressant treatment outcomes, as well as an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. In 1996, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration mandated fortification of grain products with folic acid, which has brought about vast reductions in folate deficiency. However, folate deficiencies may be caused by improper absorption and utilization, often due to genetic polymorphisms. Individuals, therefore, can have insufficient levels or lack needed forms of folate, despite adequate intake. Supplementation with the active form of folate, methyltetrahydrofolate, which is more readily absorbed, may be effective in the prevention and treatment of both depression and dementia.