gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Large‐Scale Fabrication of Pseudocapacitive Glass Windows that Combine Electrochromism and Energy Storage (2014)

Multifunctional glass windows that combine energy storage and electrochromism have been obtained by facile thermal evaporation and electrodeposition methods. For example, WO3 films that had been deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass exhibited a high specific capacitance of 639.8 F g(-1). Their color changed from transparent to deep blue with an abrupt decrease in optical transmittance from 91.3% to 15.1% at a wavelength of 633 nm when a voltage of -0.6 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) was applied, demonstrating its excellent energy-storage and electrochromism properties. As a second example, a polyaniline-based pseudocapacitive glass was also developed, and its color can change from green to blue. A large-scale pseudocapacitive WO3-based glass window (15×15 cm(2)) was fabricated as a prototype. Such smart pseudocapacitive glass windows show great potential in functioning as electrochromic windows and concurrently powering electronic devices, such as mobile phones or laptops.
Whole Genome Bisulfite Sequencing of Cell Free DNA and its Cellular Contributors Uncovers Placenta Hypomethylated Domains (2014)

Background Circulating cell free fetal DNA has enabled non-invasive prenatal fetal aneuploidy testing without direct discrimination of the genetically distinct maternal and fetal DNA. Current testing may be improved by specifically enriching the sample material for fetal DNA. DNA methylation may allow for such a separation of DNA and thus support additional clinical opportunities; however, this depends on knowledge of the methylomes of ccf DNA and its cellular contributors. Results Whole genome bisulfite sequencing was performed on a set of unmatched samples including ccf DNA from 8 non-pregnant (NP) and 7 pregnant female donors and genomic DNA from 7 maternal buffy coat and 5 placenta samples. We found CpG cytosines within longer fragments were more likely to be methylated, linking DNA methylation and fragment size in ccf DNA. Comparison of the methylomes of placenta and NP ccf DNA revealed many of the 51,259 identified differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were located in domains exhibiting consistent placenta hypomethylation across millions of consecutive bases, regions we termed placenta hypomethylated domains (PHDs). We found PHDs were consistently located within regions exhibiting low CpG and gene density. DMRs identified when comparing placenta to NP ccf DNA were recapitulated in pregnant ccf DNA, confirming the ability to detect differential methylation in ccf DNA mixtures. Conclusions We generated methylome maps for four sample types at single base resolution, identified a link between DNA methylation and fragment length in ccf DNA, identified DMRs between sample groups, and uncovered the presence of megabase-size placenta hypomethylated domains. Furthermore, we anticipate these results to provide a foundation to which future studies using discriminatory DNA methylation may be compared.
Some Design Considerations for Electrolytic Silver Recovery from Photographic Fixing Baths (1972)

The basic concept of electrolysis and the principle reactions at the electrodes of silver recovery from fixing baths are presented. Some design considerations for a recovery cell and for the choice of an appropriate dc power supply are given. The voltage regulation and feedback controls are described and the requisite instrumentation used in their application stipulated.
Access ordering and memory-conscious cache utilization (2002)

As processor speeds increase relative to memory speeds, memory bandwidth is rapidly becoming the limiting performance, factor for many applications. Several approaches to bridging this performance gap have been suggested. This paper examines one approach, access ordering, and pushes its limits to determine bounds on memory performance. We present several access-ordering schemes, and compare their performance, developing analytic models and partially validating these with benchmark timings on the Intel i860XR.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The effect of PHA-activated MN-cell supernatants on polymorphonuclear leucocyte function. (1977)

The effect of PHA-activated mononuclear-cell (MN) supernatants on various polymorphonuclear-leucocyte (PMN) functions were assessed. Treatment of PMN with PHA-activated MN-cell supernatants resulted in greater electrophoretic mobility, indicating an increase in the negative surface charge. PMN directional motility was inhibited in the presence of active supernatants but was not affected by a pulse exposure of the PMN to these supernatants. Neither control nor active supernatants were chemotactic for PMN, but treatment of these cells with active supernatants produced an increase in their phagocytic activity, their ability to reduce NBT and in their glucose oxidation through the hexosemonophosphate shunt. Bactericidal capacity of these PMN was unaltered. Specific loss of leucocyte inhibitory factor (LIF) activity from supernatants of PHA-activated MN cells followed their absorption with PMN cells but not with human MN cells or guinea-pig peritoneal exudate cells. Furthermore, acquired inhibition of migration of the absorbing PMN was observed.
Biosynthesis and biology of mammalian GPI-anchored proteins (2020)

At least 150 human proteins are glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (GPI-APs). The protein moiety of GPI-APs lacking transmembrane domains is anchored to the plasma membrane with GPI covalently attached to the C-terminus. The GPI consists of the conserved core glycan, phosphatidylinositol and glycan side chains. The entire GPI-AP is anchored to the outer leaflet of the lipid bilayer by insertion of fatty chains of phosphatidylinositol. Because of GPI-dependent membrane anchoring, GPI-APs have some unique characteristics. The most prominent feature of GPI-APs is their association with membrane microdomains or membrane rafts. In the polarized cells such as epithelial cells, many GPI-APs are exclusively expressed in the apical surfaces, whereas some GPI-APs are preferentially expressed in the basolateral surfaces. Several GPI-APs act as transcytotic transporters carrying their ligands from one compartment to another. Some GPI-APs are shed from the membrane after cleavage within the GPI by a GPI-specific phospholipase or a glycosidase. In this review, I will summarize the current understanding of GPI-AP biosynthesis in mammalian cells and discuss examples of GPI-dependent functions of mammalian GPI-APs.
Fumaric Acid Production in Airlift Loop Reactor with Porous Sparger (1997)

Airlift loop reactors with porous spargers were investigated and used in the process of fumaric acid production by Rhizopus oryzae ATCC 20344. In order to enhance oxygen mass transfer, which is very important for organic acid production, two kinds of porous spargers (stainless steel membrane tube and porcelain tube) were examined. Gas holdup, liquid circulation velocity, mixing time, bubble size, and bubble rise velocities were measured in a 50 L rectangular airlift loop reactor with different ratios of the cross-sectional area of the riser and downcomer. The local volumetric mass transfer coefficient (KLa) was also measured in the gas sparger zone. The results indicated that high KLa and excellent hydrodynamics can be obtained in the airlift loop reactor with a porous sparger. A 10 L laboratory airlift loop reactor was employed for the fumaric acid fermentation. Results showed that the turbulence of two-phase flow in the airlift loop reactor not only produced favorable conditions for mass transfer, but was also useful for forming and suspending small, well-distributed mycelial pellets (1~2 mm). A production rate of up to 0.814 g/L/h and efficiency yield of 50.1% (w/w) was obtained in the airlift loop reactor. The performance was compared with the typical stirred tank fermentor fermentation results.
A monoclonal antibody to Ly-6 gene product inhibits generation of functionally active T cells and recognizes single antigenic specificity whose expression is up-regulated in virus-transformed rat fibroblast. (1990)

In order to elucidate the relationship between the structure and function of proteins encoded for by the Ly-6 gene complex, a cDNA was constructed for a Ly-6.2 specificity and then monoclonal antibodies (mAb) generated to bacterially synthesized protein. The addition of one of these mAb, designated Pb-19, inhibited the proliferative response of T cells to concanavalin A (Con A) or major histocompatability complex (MHC) alloantigens. Reactivity of Pb-19 to the Ly-6 specificity was blocked by a known anti-Ly-6.A.2 mAb but not by an anti-Ly-6.E.1 mAb. This mAb detected a Ly-6.A.2 specificity (a 33,000 MW antigen) whose expression was increased in a transformed rat fibroblast containing the entire genome of bovine papillomavirus.
Characterization of a mini-ColC1 plasmid (1976)

An in vitro constructed plasmid, pVH15, consisting of the entire genome of the plasmid ColE1, the tryptophan operon of Escherichia coli, and regions of the bacteriophage PHI80pt190, spontaneously gave rise in E. coli to a mini-ColE1 plasmid consisting of approximately one-half of the ColE1 genome and a small segment of phi80pt190 DNA. This mini-ColE1 plasmid, designated pVH51, has a molecular weight of approximately 2.1 X 10(6) and possesses a single EcoRI restriction site. Heteroduplex analyses showed that about 90% of the pVH51 plasmid hybridizes to about 50% of the ColE1 plasmid. Phenotypically, pVH51 did not produce colicin E1 but conferred immunity to this colicin. The number of mini-ColE1 plasmid molecules per cell was maintained at a four- to fivefold higher level than normal ColE1. A mini-ColE1 hybrid plasmid, designated pML21 and consisting of pVH51 and the kan fragment of plasmid pSC105 inserted at the EcoRI restriction site of mini-ColE1, was maintained at a lower copy number level than pVH51. As in the case of normal ColE1, both pVH51 and pML21 continued to replicate in the presence of chloramphenicol. The promotion of conjugal transfer of pVH51 and pML21 by a self-transmissible plasmid was greatly reduced compared with normal ColE1.
The New Competition (2004)

Today, it is important for organizations to get the right people with the right knowledge into the jobs that suit them best to attain success. The rise of new technologies led to a major revision in the way division of labour was understood. With the post-industrial society, meritocracy is observed as differential status and differential income is now based on higher education and on technical skills. The competitive advantage of companies in the knowledge-based economy (KBE) no longer depend on mass-produced and standardized goods and services but on technological innovation, applied knowledge, and the knowledge capital of a highly skilled workforce. The consensus view promotes democratization and ‘diversity’, thus, a more ‘scientific’ approach is used in recruitment to match individual capabilities with the requirements of managerial and leadership roles in an organization.
Quantitative measurement of a phase object by fringe scanning interference microscopy (1989)

A simple interference microscope based on a fringe scanning technique is described. This interference microscope can provide quantitative phase information of a phase object. The theory and experimental results are presented.
Up‐regulation of hepatic lipolysis stimulated lipoprotein receptor by leptin: a potential lever for controlling lipid clearance during the postprandial phase (2010)

As a hepatic receptor for triglyceride-rich lipoproteins, the lipolysis-stimulated lipoprotein receptor (LSR) may be involved in the dynamics of lipid distribution between the liver and peripheral tissues. Here, we explore the potential role of leptin in regulating LSR. At physiological concentrations (1-10 ng/ml), leptin increased LSR protein and mRNA levels in Hepa1-6 cells through an ERK1/2-dependent and α-amanitin-sensitive pathway. In vivo, leptin treatment of C57BL6/Rj mice (1 μg 2×/d, 8 d) led to a significant increase in hepatic LSR mRNA and protein, decreased liver triglycerides and increased VLDL secretion as compared to controls. LSR(+/-) mice with elevated postprandial lipemia placed on a high-fat (60% kcal) diet exhibited accelerated weight gain and increased fat mass as compared to controls. While plasma leptin levels were increased 3-fold, hepatic leptin receptor protein levels and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 were significantly reduced. Therefore, leptin is an important regulator of LSR protein levels providing the means for the control of hepatic uptake of lipids during the postprandial phase. However, this may no longer be functional in LSR(+/-) mice placed under a chronic dietary fat load, suggesting that this animal model could be useful for the study of molecular mechanisms involved in peripheral leptin resistance.
A low-cost single-stage isolated differential &#x0108;Cuk inverter for fuel-cell application (2008)

Several inverter configurations have been proposed in literature to achieve fuel-cell power conversion at significantly lower cost, which is one of the most critical constrains to make such alternative energy systems viable. A single-stage isolated dc/ac Cuk inverter would potentially be a better alternative with reduced system complexity, costs, improved reliability, and high efficiency because it achieves direct dc/ac power conversion using only four main switches. Simple drive circuit (owing to all low-side power devices), possibility for integrated magnetics, and less turns ratio requirement for transformer lead to a low-cost, high-power-density energy-conversion system. This paper investigates the possibility of using and performance of this inverter for low power (< 3 kW) fuel-cell applications. The operational principle for isolated dc/ac Cuk inverter, which has not appeared in the literature, is presented. Key design issues of a 1 kW prototype for the application are addressed. In order to achieve higher efficiency, the turns ratio of the transformer needs to be selected to achieve a trade off between output voltage distortion and duty ratio range. Switching losses due to the leakage of the transformer and high reverse current during device turn off can be reduced by implementing active lossless clamp circuit, which has been presented in this paper.
Adaptive non-linear modeling (2002)

To obtain an accurate model of a process the adaptation process should allow for an arbitrary accuracy within a given cost. Cost may be measured in terms of processing time or computing requirements. It is well known that to gain a better approximation of a process, the adaptation should be able to model a non-linearity at a desirable precision. Currently, methods that do so achieve their accuracy at a high computational cost. Furthermore, these methods do not guarantee i) optimal solution (neural networks), ii) convergence (extended Kalman filtering), or iii) manageable cost (Volterra systems). In this paper, we offer a simple yet powerful method, a switched filter bank, to this end.
<title>Prototype laser-activated bimetallic thermal resist for microfabrication</title> (2001)

The Thermal Resist Enhanced Optical Lithography (TREOL) process models an optical system to double device resolution by exploiting non-reciprocal laser activated processes. A possible prototype thermal resist consists of stacked bismuth on indium layers sputter deposited on a glass/quartz substrate with thickness ratios matching the eutectic alloy (Bi 53%). Laser radiation locally melts the metals which alloy upon cooling. BiIn resist is relatively wavelength insensitive because its UV optical characteristics vary modestly. Reflection and energy absorption/cc calculations indicate the best arrangement is a 30-45-nm total thickness bilayer with bismuth on indium. Exposing the highly absorbing BiIn with CW argon (514/488 nm) or 4-ns Nd:YAG pulses at 533 nm (40 mJ/cm<SUP>2</SUP> for 300-nm thick) and 266 nm transforms the resist to a weakly absorbing alloy with a visually identifiable pattern. 30-nm thick converted film transmission changes from 1.0OD to 0.35OD (830-350 nm) until a 350-nm absorption edge. Profilometry and SEM showed no signs of ablation or oxide growth in exposed areas. The resist was developed with HNO<SUB>3</SUB>:CH<SUB>3</SUB>COOH:H<SUB>2</SUB>O etch, preferentially removing unexposed areas, leaving written patterns of alloyed lines seen both in profilometry and SEM images. Thus BiIn forms a complete thermal alloying resist with selectively etched exposed patterns that can be stripped in an HCl:H<SUB>2</SUB>O<SUB>2</SUB>:H<SUB>2</SUB>O bath.
Catalytic Synthesis of Bis(iodolyl)methanes by Molecular Iodine under Microwave Irradiation (2005)

Bis(indolyl)methanes can be prepared rapidly in several minutes and in good yields from indole with arylaldehydes or imine under microwave irradiation using molecular iodine on neutral alumina as a catalyst. Their structure were characterized by ~1H NMR, IR and elemental analysis.
Beam-quality changes generated by thermally-induced spherical aberration in laser cavities (1995)

Thermally-induced spherical aberration in Nd:YAG rods is investigated. Attention is concentrated on the so-called "intensity moment formalism" to analyze the beam-quality parameter of the emitted laser beams. A number of resonance conditions that certain beam-shape parameters of any stable laser mode should fulfill are also derived, and a comparison with previously reported numerical results is presented.
Empirical study on learning in fuzzy systems (2002)

The authors examine the ability of fuzzy systems to function as approximators of nonlinear mappings by computer simulations on real-life data. The relation among six factors in a sensory test on rice taste is modeled by fuzzy systems with five input variables and a single output variable. Fuzzy if-then rules with nonfuzzy singletons in the consequent part are employed in fuzzy systems. A learning rule based on a descent method is applied to the consequent part of each fuzzy if-then rule. By a random subsampling technique, the performance of fuzzy systems for test data and training data is compared with that of multilayer neural networks. A simple method for specifying initial fuzzy if-then rules is proposed to improve the performance of fuzzy systems.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A<sub>1</sub>Receptor and Adenosinergic Homeostatic Regulation of Sleep-Wakefulness: Effects of Antisense to the A<sub>1</sub>Receptor in the Cholinergic Basal Forebrain (2003)

We hypothesized that adenosine, acting via the A1 receptor, is a key factor in the homeostatic control of sleep. The increase in extracellular levels of adenosine during prolonged wakefulness is thought to facilitate the transition to sleep by reducing the discharge activity of wakefulness-promoting neurons in the basal forebrain. Adenosine A1 receptor control of the homeostatic regulation of sleep was tested by microdialysis perfusion of antisense oligonucleotides against the mRNA of the A1 receptor in the magnocellular cholinergic region of the basal forebrain of freely behaving rats. After microdialysis perfusion of A1 receptor antisense in the basal forebrain, spontaneous levels of sleep-wakefulness showed a significant reduction in non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep with an increase in wakefulness. After 6 hr of sleep deprivation, the antisense-treated animals spent a significantly reduced amount of time in non-REM sleep, with postdeprivation recovery sleep hours 2-5 showing a reduction of approximately 50-60%. There was an even greater postdeprivation reduction in delta power (60-75%) and a concomitant increase in wakefulness. All behavioral state changes returned to control (baseline) values after the cessation of antisense administration. Control experiments with microdialysis perfusion of nonsense (randomized antisense) oligonucleotides and with artificial CSF showed no effect during postdeprivation recovery sleep or spontaneously occurring behavioral states. Antisense to the A1 receptor suppressed A1 receptor immunoreactivity but did not show any neurotoxicity as visualized by Fluoro-Jade staining. These data support our hypothesis that adenosine, acting via the A1 receptor, in the basal forebrain is a key component in the homeostatic regulation of sleep.
Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein after Seizures in Children (2003)

Elevation of CSF GFAP after seizures suggests that astrocytic injury may occur in a subgroup of children, primarily in the context of prolonged seizures and symptomatic etiologies. Increased GFAP levels may occur in patients with normal NSE, suggesting that GFAP may be a more sensitive marker of brain injury in some cases.
kappa-Opioid receptors also increase potassium conductance. (1993)

Decrease of calcium conductance induced by opioid agonists has been reported by others for mu-, delta-, and kappa-opioid receptors. On the other hand, only mu- and delta-opioid receptors have been reported to increase potassium conductance. Intracellular recordings were made from guinea pig substantia gelatinosa neurons in a brain slice. A subset of cells (29 of 83) were hyperpolarized by the kappa-opioid receptor agonist U69593 with an EC50 of 23 nM. The kappa-opioid receptor antagonist norbinaltorphimine (10 nM) blocked the hyperpolarization by U69593 but had no effect on the mu-opioid hyperpolarization present in these cells. Naloxone (300 nM) shifted the U69593 dose-response curve to the right, giving an estimated Kd for naloxone of 7.5 and 8.1 nM measured in two cells. The hyperpolarization caused by U69593 was mediated by a potassium conductance as determined with voltage clamp experiments. This demonstrates, depending on the cell type, that all three major opioid receptors (mu, delta, and kappa) can increase potassium conductance as well as decrease calcium conductance.
Cryopreservation of Cell/Hydrogel Constructs Based on a New Cell-assembling Technique (2010)

Organ manufacturing is a promising method to replace failing complex organs. In this study, a new cell cryopreservation technique was developed with cryoprotectants being directly incorporated into the cell/hydrogel construct according to predesigned structures and then subjected to a special freezing/thaw process. The hydration of the gelatin/alginate hydrogel was greatly increased while the eutectic temperature was decreased by the adding glycerol. The addition of dextran-40 was found to also effectively improve the cell survival when incorporated with glycerol. The most favorable cryoprotectant concentration was 2.5% glycerol with 5% dextran-40 in a gelatin/alginate hydrogel. Under these conditions, the cell viability in the construct was >95%. Microscopic observations, MTT analysis, hematoxylin and eosin staining indicated that the cells proliferated immediately after thawing. The cells in the gelatin/alginate hydrogel with both glycerol and dextran-40 had proliferated more than with only glycerol or dextran-40 alone. This approach can be adapted for use in cell assembly in high-throughput drug screening and complex organ manufacturing areas.
HIGHLY EFFICIENT SINGLE CELL CAPTURING IN MICROWELL ARRAY USING HYDRODYNAMIC GUIDING STRUCTURES (2008)

This paper presents a microfluidic chip array for high-throughput single cell assay with an efficient cell capture rate. The single cell capture structure utilizes hydrodynamic resistance difference in flow paths and its feasibility was tested. More than 40% of all the injected microbeads were captured in the designated capture sites. The capture structure was expanded in an array of microwells formed at the intersection of rows and columns of orthogonal microchannels. By selectively operating integrated pneumatic valves, we successfully demonstrated cell seeding, reagents injection and cell isolation without cross-contamination.