gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
U.S. telecommunications privacy policy and Caller ID (1993)

Caller ID and its use of Calling Party Identification (CPI) has raised a public outcry about possible invasions of privacy. Is calling party identification an invasion of the calling party's to privacy? This article examines the debate and two states' court decisions which have reached different conclusions. The article examines the current regulatory status of Caller ID. Then it critically examines and details the existing legal framework of privacy protection. U.S. Constitutional rights are examined, with a focus on the Action doctrine, Informational Privacy and the Fourth Amendment. State constitutions are also examined. Federal statutory laws, particularly the Electronic Communications Privacy Act, as well as state wiretap laws are detailed. Then, common law privacy and privacy associated with a right of property are discussed, followed by policy considerations dealing with the issues of blocking and the protection of unlisted numbers. The study concludes that Caller ID is, for the most part, a legal service under the current regulatory framework. * Ph.D Mass Media (Telecommunications), Michigan State University 1993; M.A., University of Iowa 1983; B.S., Kearney State College 1982. Dr. Lee is currently an Adjunct Assistant Professor at the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. 1 Thomas Lee: U.S. Telecommunications Privacy Policy and Caller ID Published by CWSL Scholarly Commons, 1993 2 CALIFORNIA WESTERN LAW REVIEW [Vol. 30
Holographic control of droplet microfluidics (2008)

Droplet microfluidics is an emerging area in miniaturisation of chemical and biological assays, or "lab-on-a-chip" devices. Normally consisting of droplets flowing in rigid microfluidic channels they offer many advantages over conventional microfluidic design but lack any form of active control over the droplets. We present work, using holographic beam shaping, that allows the real time reconfigurability of microfluidic channels allowing us to redirect, slow, stop, and merge droplets with diameters of approximately 200 microns. A single beam is be sufficient to perform simple tasks on the droplets but by using holographic beam shaping we can produce multiple foci or continuous patterns of light that enable a far more versatile tool.
1.3-/spl mu/m InAs-InGaAs quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser with fully doped DBRs grown by MBE (2006)

We report InAs-InGaAs quantum-dot vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) grown by molecular beam epitaxy with fully doped n- and p-doped AlGaAs distributed Bragg reflectors and including an AlAs layer to form a current and waveguiding aperture. The metal contacts are deposited on a topmost p/sup +/-GaAs contact layer and on the bottom surface of the n/sup +/-GaAs substrate. This conventional selectively oxidized top-emitting device configuration avoids the added complexity of fabricating intracavity or coplanar ohmic contacts. The VCSELs operate continuous-wave at room temperature with peak output powers of 0.33 mW and differential slope efficiencies up to 0.23 W/A. The peak lasing wavelengths are near 1.275 μm, with a sidemode suppression ratio of 28 dB.
Background Subtraction Based on a Robust Consensus Method (2006)

Statistical background modeling is a fundamental and important part of many visual tracking systems and of other computer vision applications. In this paper, we presents an effective and adaptive background modeling method for detecting foreground objects in both static and dynamic scenes. The proposed method computes SAmple CONsensus (SACON) of the background samples and estimates a statistical model per pixel. Numerous experiments on both indoor and outdoor video sequences show that the proposed method, compared with several state-of-theart methods, can achieve very promising performance.
Human Performance in Supply Chain Management (2012)

Although the concept of supply chain management (SCM) has been widely accepted among academics and practitioners, the influence of human performance on the supply chain has gained little research attention. Without satisfactory performance of qualified and capable employees dedicated to perform as trained, supply chain strategies are difficult to implement successfully. This article uses the resource-based view of the firm (RBV) to emphasize the importance of human performance in SCM and proposes a conceptual model. It is argued that effective management of human performance requires systematic effort across the supply chain. This article provides a detailed discussion on human resource management (HRM) practices that can help firms achieve and maintain superior supply chain human performance.
Kinetics of Silicon Nitride Chemical Vapor Deposition from Silicon Tetrafluoride and Ammonia (1993)

Rate laws for the chemical vapor deposition of Si 3 N 4 from SiF 4 and NH 3 are obtained by fitting the results of pareametric reactor experiments with a one‐dimensional steady‐state model for the reactor. The model includes axial mass transport by both convection and multicomponent diffusion, and allowance is made for the use of an expressions with adjustable constants are used to account for deposition on both crystalline and amorphous surfaces, as well as the heterogeneous decomposition of NH 3 . In addition, there are mechanisms that determine the actual degree of surface crystallinity at any location. Optimum values for the rate constants are found by searching for the best overall fit to the experimental deposition rate and crystallinity data. It is shown that the model, with simple second‐order expressions for the deposition rates, is quite successful in reproducing the experimentally observed effects of temperature, flow rate, reactant mole ratio, and axial position.
Screening of 64 Tryptamines at NMDA, 5-HT1A, and 5-HT2A Receptors: A Comparative Binding and Modeling Study (2012)

Tryptamine (T) and several T derivatives (Ts) inhibit in a voltage-dependent manner the NMDA receptor (NR). This effect is influenced by substituents at various positions, but has not yet been subjected to a detailed SAR study. Here, 64 Ts have been tested as inhibitors of [3H]MK-801 binding to NRs on rat brain membranes. For comparison, they were also tested as inhibitors of [3H]8-OHDPAT binding to 5-HT1A and of [3H]ketanserin binding to 5-HT2A receptors. Since most of these Ts have not been tested before at any of these receptors, we start with a review of the effects of Ts on 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A binding sites. NRs were inhibited with IC50s from 2 to 7 μM by Ts with alkyl or halogen at positions 2, 5, and/or 7. Inhibition by some Ts was attenuated more than 10-fold by 30 μM spermine. The most potent inhibitors at 5-HT1A receptors were 5-carboxamido-T (IC50 0.00015 μM) and serotonin (0.0016 μM), at 5-HT2A receptors 2-Me-4,7-Cl2-T (1.2 μM) and 2,7-Me2-4-Cl-T (2.0 μM). Fujita-Ban modified Free-Wilson analyses pointed to the individual significance of particular substituents. Also QSARs based on molecular operating environment descriptors resulted in sound correlations at all 4 targets. No similarities between the NR and 5-HT receptors could be found. At the NR, only L-Trp-NH2 bound 10 times better than at both 5-HT receptors studied. L-Trp-NH2 may be a structural lead to endogenous non-competitive NR antagonists.
The Nature of Localized States and the Effect of Doping in Amorphous Semiconductors (1977)

Recent experiments revealed that the chemistry of electrically active centers is quite different in two classes of amorphous semiconductors, the tetrahedrally bonded materials (Si, Ge,...) and the chalcogenide glasses (Se, As2Se3, Ge-As-Se,...). Doping of amorphous Si and Ge has been achieved by glow-discharge decomposition of silane (or germane) to which controlled amounts of phosphine, arsine or diborane are added. The room temperature conductivity can be changed in a controlled manner by 10 orders of magnitude toward n-type and p-type conduction. These doped materials open up interesting new fields of application: Schottky barrier, p-n, and p-i-n junctions as well as field effect transistors have already been made. The preparation techniques as well as the electrical, optical, and magnetic properties (ESR) will be reviewed. It is found that hydrogen, incorporated at levels between 15-25 atomic percent during glow discharge preparation, plays an important role in reducing the high density of gap states normally found in evaporated or sputtered amorphous Si or Ge films.Doping of chalcogenide glasses may be possible after understanding the very different defect chemistry in these materials. The majority of experimental results can be explained by supposing that some of the normally two-fold coordinated chalcogen atoms, C2, are present in positively charged three-fold coordination, The particular notation is abbreviated, and negative one-fold coordination, The particular notation is abbreviated. These so-called valence alternation centers pin the Fermi level near the gap center by means of the reaction The equation is abbreviated. This reaction is exothermic by the amount of the negative effective correlation energy proposed by Anderson, Street and Mott. Group V elements which normally are three-fold coordinated, P3, may also form valence alternation centers The equation is abbreviated. The equilibrium valence alternation chemistry governs the doping characteristics of chalcogenide glasses in the presence of other charged impurity centers.
Isolation and Biochemical Characterization of Two Novel Metagenome-Derived Esterases (2006)

The metagenomes of uncultured microbial communities are rich sources for novel biocatalysts. In this study, esterase EstA3 was derived from a drinking water metagenome, and esterase EstCE1 was derived from a soil metagenome. Both esterases are approximately 380 amino acids in size and show similarity to beta-lactamases, indicating that they belong to family VIII of the lipases/esterases. EstA3 had a temperature optimum at 50 degrees C and a pH optimum at pH 9.0. It was remarkably active and very stable in the presence of solvents and over a wide temperature and pH range. It is active in a multimeric form and displayed a high level of activity against a wide range of substrates including one secondary ester, 7-[3-octylcarboxy-(3-hydroxy-3-methyl-butyloxy)]-coumarin, which is normally unreactive. EstCE1 was active in the monomeric form and had a temperature optimum at 47 degrees C and a pH optimum at pH 10. It exhibited the same level of stability as EstA3 over wide temperature and pH ranges and in the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide, isopropanol, and methanol. EstCE1 was highly enantioselective for (+)-menthylacetate. These enzymes display remarkable characteristics that cannot be related to the original environment from which they were derived. The high level of stability of these enzymes together with their unique substrate specificities make them highly useful for biotechnological applications.
Decreasing-size distributed ESD protection scheme for broad-band RF circuits (2005)

The capacitive load, from the large electrostatic discharge (ESD) protection device for high ESD robustness, has an adverse effect on the performance of broad-band RF circuits due to impedance mismatch and bandwidth degradation. The conventional distributed ESD protection scheme using equal four-stage ESD protection can achieve a better impedance match, but degrade the ESD performance. A new distributed ESD protection structure is proposed to achieve both good ESD robustness and RF performance. The proposed ESD protection circuit is constructed by arranging ESD protection stages with decreasing device size, called as decreasing-size distributed electrostatic discharge (DS-DESD) protection scheme, which is beneficial to the ESD level. The new proposed DS-DESD protection scheme with a total capacitance of 200 fF from the ESD diodes has been successfully verified in a 0.25-/spl mu/m CMOS process to sustain a human-body-model ESD level of greater than 8 kV.
Neonatal Intermittent Hypoxia Leads to Long-Lasting Facilitation of Acute Hypoxia-Evoked Catecholamine Secretion From Rat Chromaffin Cells (2009)

The objective of the present study was to examine the effects of intermittent hypoxia (IH) and sustained hypoxia (SH) on hypoxia-evoked catecholamine (CA) secretion from chromaffin cells in neonatal rats and assess the underlying mechanism(s). Experiments were performed on rat pups exposed to either IH (15-s hypoxia/5-min normoxia; 8 h/day) or SH (hypobaric hypoxia, 0.4 atm) or normoxia (controls) from P0 to P5. IH treatment facilitated hypoxia-evoked CA secretion and elevations in the intracellular calcium ion concentration ([Ca(2+)](i)) and these responses were attenuated, but not abolished, by treatments designed to eliminate Ca(2+) flux into cells (Ca(2+)-free medium or Cd(2+)), indicating that intracellular Ca(2+) stores were augmented by IH. Norepinephrine (NE) and epinephrine (E) levels of adrenal medullae were elevated in IH-treated pups. IH treatment increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in adrenal medullae and antioxidant treatment prevented IH-induced facilitation of CA secretion, elevations in [Ca(2+)](i) by hypoxia, and the up-regulation of NE and E. The effects of neonatal IH treatment on hypoxia-induced CA secretion and elevation in [Ca(2+)](i), CA, and ROS levels persisted in rats reared under normoxia for >30 days. In striking contrast, chromaffin cells from SH-treated animals exhibited attenuated hypoxia-evoked CA secretion. In SH-treated cells hypoxia-evoked elevations in [Ca(2+)](i), NE and E contents, and ROS levels were comparable with controls. These observations demonstrate that: 1) neonatal IH and SH evoke opposite effects on hypoxia-evoked CA secretion from chromaffin cells, 2) ROS signaling mediates the faciltatory effects of IH, and 3) the effects of neonatal IH on chromaffin cells persist into adult life.
Fruit and Vegetable Sales at City Municipal Markets, January, 1948 (1948)

Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety
Applications '90: peripherals (1990)

Advances in computer peripherals during 1989 are reviewed. Storage peripherals gained density, packing more information into smaller sizes with quicker retrieval. Perpendicular recording appeared in commercial products for the first time. An expanding range of storage types (including floppy diskettes, magnetic hard-disk drives, write-once and erasable optical disks, and magnetic tape) in a variety of forms offered users a broad range of storage options, each with differing densities, costs, and sizes. Much of the momentum was provided by advances in media, with cobalt chromium perpendicular thin films, cobalt-nickel oxide thin-film tapes, barium ferrite particulate media, and magneto-optic reversible thin films used for different applications. Also noteworthy was the arrival of color thermal printers.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Studies on Monooxygenases (1969)

Abstract Imidazole acetate monooxygenase, which catalyzes the hydroxylation of imidazole acetate, was purified about 250-fold from extracts of induced cells of a pseudomonad and was crystallized. The molecular weight was determined to be approximately 90,000, and the molecular activity was calculated to be 2,260 at 24°. The enzyme was shown to be homogeneous upon acrylamide gel electrophoresis and ultracentrifugation. The crystalline enzyme showed an absorption spectrum characteristic of a flavoprotein with absorption maxima at 270, 383, and 442 mµ. The flavin component of the enzyme was isolated and identified as flavin adenine dinucleotide, 1 mole of which was found per mole of enzyme. Aerobic incubation of the enzyme with imidazole acetate and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide resulted in the accumulation of an unstable intermediate having an absorption spectrum with a maximum at 259 mµ, which was indistinguishable from that of imidazolone acetate. Flavin bound to the enzyme was reduced by the anaerobic addition of a stoichiometric amount of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide. The reduced form of enzyme-bound flavin was found to serve as an electron donor for the hydroxylation reaction. Some other properties of the enzyme are also described.
Activin-A and Myostatin Response and Steroid Regulation in Human Myometrium: Disruption of Their Signalling in Uterine Fibroid (2010)

A and M act on human HM and are regulated by steroids. In HL there is an increase of A, M, FLRG, and Cripto expression.
Further hearing loss during osteoporosis treatment with etidronate (1998)

Ototoxicity is a rare and disabling complication in bisphosphonate therapy. Here we describe two patients who encountered further hearing loss during oral etidronate treatment for osteoporosis.
Salmonella mutagenicity tests: V. Results from the testing of 311 chemicals (1992)

311 chemicals were tested under code, for mutagenicity, in Salmonella typhimurium; 35 of the chemicals were tested more than once in the same or different laboratories. The tests were conducted using a preincubation protocol in the absence of exogenous metabolic activation, and in the presence of liver S-9 from Aroclor-induced male Sprague-Dawley rats and Syrian hamsters. Some of the volatile chemicals were also tested in desiccators. A total of 120 chemicals were mutagenic or weakly mutagenic, 3 were judged questionable, and 172 were non-mutagenic. The remaining 16 chemicals produced different responses in the two or three laboratories in which they were tested. The results and data from these tests are presented.
Short-Term Effects of Rhythmic Sensory Stimulation in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Exploratory Pilot Study (2016)

This study assessed the effect of stimulating the somatosensory system of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients at three stages of their illness with 40 Hz sound. In this AB cross-over study design, 18 participants (6 mild, 6 moderate, 6 severe) each participated in 13 sessions: one intake and 12 treatment. Treatment A consisted of 40 Hz sound stimulation and Treatment B consisted of visual stimulation using DVDs, each provided twice a week over 6 weeks for a total of 6 times per treatment. Outcome measures included: St. Louis University Mental Status Test (SLUMS), Observed Emotion Rating Scale, and behavioral observation by the researcher. Data were submitted to regression analysis for the series of 6 SLUMS scores in treatment A and 6 scores in B with comparison by group. The slopes for the full sample and subgroups in the 40 Hz treatment were all significant beyond alpha = 0.05, while those for the DVD were not. A thematic analysis of qualitative observations supported the statistical findings. 40 Hz treatment appeared to have the strongest impact on persons with mild and moderate AD. Results are promising in terms of a potential new treatment for persons with AD, and further research is needed.
The (R) Evolution of social media in software engineering (2014)

Software developers rely on media to communicate, learn, collaborate, and coordinate with others. Recently, social media has dramatically changed the landscape of software engineering, challenging some old assumptions about how developers learn and work with one another. We see the rise of the social programmer who actively participates in online communities and openly contributes to the creation of a large body of crowdsourced socio-technical content.
Plant Stanol Ester: Review of Cholesterol‐Lowering Efficacy and Implications for Coronary Heart Disease Risk Reduction (2000)

Plant stanol ester has been shown in over 20 studies to be an effective and safe cholesterol-lowering substance. Randomized, placebo-controlled studies indicate that 2-3 g/day of plant stanol ester significantly reduces low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels by about 10%-20%. These results have been consistently found in various groups, including young adult and elderly men, pre- and postmenopausal women, children with and without familial hypercholesterolemia, type II diabetics, and patients with coronary heart disease. Plant stanol ester has also been shown to significantly augment the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins. No clinically significant adverse effects have been detected in studies or in general use in Finland, where foods fortified with plant stanol ester have been available since 1995. Results of studies with plant stanol ester have important implications for both the clinical and public health approaches to coronary heart disease risk reduction. (c) 2000 by CHF, Inc.
STAT3 Nuclear Egress Requires Exportin 7 via Engaging Lysine Acetylation (2014)

Nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of signaling molecules is crucial for regulating their activity. Regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) is critical for normal physiology while STAT3 dysregulation underlies many diseases such as cancer. However, the mechanism(s) underlying STAT3 nuclear egress remains unclear. Here, we show that exportin 7 is critical for STAT3 nuclear egress. Lysine acetylation at K685, frequently found in tumors and tumor cell lines, mediates STAT3 engagement with exportin 7. Blocking acetylation through drug administration or mutation of lysine K685 disrupted STAT3's physical interaction with exportin 7, leading to STAT3 nuclear retention. Inhibition of STAT3 lysine acetylation significantly altered the functional localization of exportin 7 from the cell cytoplasm toward the nucleus which can be reversed by treating tumor with a lysine-acetylated peptide spanning STAT3 K685. Taken together, our results have identified exportin 7 as an essential karyopherin for STAT3 nucleocytoplasmic shuttling.
Self-Interstitials in Silicon (1997)

Self-interstitial concentration I normalized to the thermal equilibrium concentration C I 0 was previously derived as a function of diffusion time t , the absolute temperature T , the diffusivity D I and the specimen thickness w from the well-known diffusion equation for self-interstitials in silicon. Antoniadis also demonstrated that the time-averaged and normalized self-interstitial concentration < I > is obtained as a function of t and T from the oxidation stacking faults data. By fitting the former I to the latter < I > and using Stolwijk et al. .'s relation between D I and C I 0 derived from the diffusion data of Au in silicon, D I and C I 0 were determined as a function of T . Furthermore, the fractional component of the interstitialcy mechanism for silicon self-diffusion was investigated, assuming a local equilibrium between self-interstitials and vacancies in silicon. It was found that self-diffusion occurs mainly via vacancies.