gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanisms of Morphological Evolution of Li<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> Particles during Electrochemical Growth (2013)

Li-O2 batteries, wherein solid Li2O2 is formed at the porous air cathode during discharge, are candidates for high gravimetric energy (3212 Wh/kgLi2O2) storage for electric vehicles. Understanding and controlling the nucleation and morphological evolution of Li2O2 particles upon discharge is key to achieving high volumetric energy densities. Scanning and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the discharge product formed in Li-O2 batteries on electrodes composed of carpets of aligned carbon nanotubes. At low discharge rates, Li2O2 particles form first as stacked thin plates, ∼10 nm in thickness, which spontaneously splay so that secondary nucleation of new plates eventually leads to the development of a particle with a toroidal shape. Li2O2 crystallites have large (001) crystal faces consistent with the theoretical Wulff shape and appear to grow by a layer-by-layer mechanism. In contrast, at high discharge rates, copious nucleation of equiaxed Li2O2 particles precedes growth of discs and toroids.
Characterization of the ATPase activity of P-glycoprotein from multidrug-resistant Chinese hamster ovary cells (1995)

P-Glycoprotein (Pgp) was isolated from CHRC5 membranes by selective detergent extraction and further purified by lentil lectin affinity chromatography. The purified product displayed a very high basal ATPase activity (1.65 mumol/min per mg protein in the absence of added drugs or lipids) with an apparent Km for ATP of 0.4 mM. There was no evidence of cooperativity, suggesting that the two ATP sites operate independently of each other. Pgp ATPase activity was stimulated by verapamil, trifluoperazine and colchicine, and inhibited by daunomycin and vinblastine. All drugs and chemosensitizers acted as mixed activators or inhibitors, producing changes in both the Vmax of the ATPase and the Km for ATP. ADP competitively inhibited Pgp ATPase, with a Ki of 0.2 mM. The macrolide antibiotics bafilomycin A1, concanamycin A and concanamycin B, inhibited Pgp ATPase at concentrations of 0.1-10 microM, and at an inhibitor:protein stoichiometry of 0.65-1.0 mumol/mg protein, which is at the low end of the range characteristic of P-type ATPases. Pgp ATPase was relatively selective for adenine nucleotides. Several phospholipids stimulated Pgp ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas others produced inhibition. Metabolic labelling showed that the endogenous phospholipids associated with purified Pgp consisted largely of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine, with only a small amount of phosphatidylcholine. 32P-Labelling studies indicated that purified Pgp was partially phosphorylated. It can be concluded that Pgp is a constitutively active, adenine nucleotide-specific ATPase whose catalytic activity can be modulated by both drugs and phospholipids.
Fabrication of Cobalt Silicide Nanowire Contacts to Silicon Nanowires (2003)

A novel method to fabricate cobalt silicide nanowire contacts to silicon nanowires is described. Nanoporous anodized alumina membranes were used to define the wires' dimensions. Cobalt was deposited electrochemically within the pores of the membranes. On top of the cobalt, gold was deposited electrochemically to catalyze the growth of the silicon nanowires. The well-known vapor-liquid-solid mechanism was used to grow the silicon nanowires. During the growth of silicon, cobalt reacts with the growing silicon nanowire, forming cobalt silicide, and under certain conditions, all of the Au used to catalyze the growth of the silicon nanowire travels along the tip of the growing wire, away from the cobalt silicide/Si interface. We also discuss the influence of the amount of Au catalyst on the structural quality of the wires. © 2003 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
Flexible multimodal human-machine interaction in mobile environments (2002)

This article describes requirements and a prototype system for a flexible multimodal human-machine interaction in two substantially different mobile environments, namely pedestrian and car. The system allows an integrated trip planning using multimodal input and output. Motivated by the specific safety and privacy requirements in both environments, we present a framework for flexible modality control. A characteristic feature of our framework is the insight that both user and system may independently and asynchronously initiate a modality transition. We conclude with a brief discussion of further issues and research questions.
The relative impact of local and endogenous patient‐related factors on implant failure up to the abutment stage (2002)

The aim of the present study was to assess the influence of endogenous and local factors on the occurrence of implant failure up to the abutment stage. The study comprised a group of 399 consecutive patients, which represented the total of patients who had been treated from 1995 to 1997 (with a total of 1263 Brånemark Brån-system implants) at the Department of Periodontology of the University Hospital, Catholic University Leuven. For each patient, the medical history was carefully examined. Data collection and analysis were mainly focused on endogenous factors such as hypertension, osteoporosis, hypo- or hyperthyroid function, chemotherapy, diabetes type I or II, Crohn's disease, some local factors (e.g. bone quality, reason for tooth loss) and breach of sterility during surgery. The reason for tooth loss, smoking habits, radiotherapy and other local bone factors (bone quality and quantity) were also recorded. Implant failures were recorded up to the abutment connection. The present study indicated a success rate until this stage of 97.8%. General factors such as heavy smoking, chemotherapy plus poor bone quality increased implant failure rate. Radiotherapy, limited bone volume and claustrophobia, which led to breaching the strict preoperative rules of asepsis, appeared to be the most relevant local factors for early implant failures.
Role of cyclization in the synthesis of hyperbranched aliphatic polyesters (2000)

The intramolecular cyclization in hyperbranching polycondensation reactions of the type AB2/Bf was investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Hyperbranched aliphatic polyesters prepared from 2,2-bis(hydroxymethyl)propionic acid (BisMPA) and 1,1,1-tris(hydroxymethyl)propane (TMP) as B3 core molecule as well as commercially available samples with ethoxylated pentaerythrol as B4 core (Perstorp, Boltorn®) have been investigated with a combination of methods (NMR, vapor pressure osmometry (VPO), size exclusion chromatography (SEC), MALDI-TOF-MS) with respect to the formation of intramolecular cycles during polymerization. Absolute molecular weights were determined for the first time and found to be in the range of 632 (G2) to 1046 g/mol (G5) and 827 (PG2) to 1974 g/mol (PG5) for the commercial samples, respectively, i. e. considerably lower than reported previously. Theoretical considerations as well as experimental data clearly demonstrate cyclization to be an important reaction regardless of the presence of a core. The fraction if cyclized molecules was found to increase with molecular weights from 32% to 48%, limiting molecular weights drastically. In summary, previously reported results could not be confirmed. Incremental addition of the BisMPA monomer to the TMP-core did not permit to control molecular weights and the term “pseudogeneration” is inappropriate for the low molecular weight materials formed.
Polymeric multi-channel bandpass filters in phase-shifted Bragg waveguide gratings by direct electron beam writing (2004)

We apply direct electron beam writing to fabricate corrugated sidewall Bragg gratings in polymer waveguides and demonstrate multi-channel passband filters based on a phase-shifted design. Experimental results are compared with numerical fittings to analyze the impact of signal polarization and waveguide cladding material upon device performance.
Trends in electronic government: managing distributed knowledge (2002)

Electronic government (e-government) is as a guiding vision for public administration. It stands for using the Internet, for re-engineering administrative processes, for achieving a virtual administration. It stands also for supporting an active participation of the citizens in democracy. Modern telecommunication infrastructures provide the basic means for co-operation over time and distance. In this way e-government involves many locally and temporally dispersed human actors and machine agents that hold knowledge required in performing administrative work. The challenge for e-Government is to find a successful way of re-engineering and distributing the administration's knowledge. Theoretical and practical insight is provided into various perspectives influencing knowledge management for e-government. These perspectives need to be integrated in a comprehensive approach to develop e-government strategies and systems.
Approaches to the Measurement of Poverty (1996)

While concern for the poor has been a characteristic of many civilisations, it has been a public issue only in the last 100 years or so. In any case, in the earlier period, lacking objective data describing the circumstance of the poor, social scientists were circumscribed in their efforts to study it. However in recent times a large range of techniques have been devised to measure poverty in both developed and undeveloped countries. Poverty research has broadly proceeded from perspectives in two main disciplines, social policy and economics. The primary motivating force of social policy studies has been the observed deprivation of individuals and families. A major drawback of these studies is that while the observations have been broad and encompassing for the target group under study, the tools and methods have been generally subjective. Consequently it has not been easy to either relate the studies to one another or to form an overall impression.
Relationships between implementation of TQM, JIT, and TPM and manufacturing performance (2001)

Abstract Research on Total Quality Management (TQM), Just‐in‐Time (JIT) and Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) generally investigates the implementation and impact of these manufacturing programs in isolation. However, many researchers believe and argue conceptually the value of understanding the joint implementation and effect of manufacturing programs. This study investigates the practices of the three programs simultaneously. We find that there is evidence supporting the compatibility of the practices in these programs and that manufacturing performance is associated with the level of implementation of both socially‐ and technically‐oriented practices of the three programs.
Object allocation in distributed databases and mobile computers (2002)

This paper makes two contributions. First, we introduce a model for evaluating the performance of data allocation and replication algorithms in distributed databases. The model is comprehensive in the sense that it accounts for I/O cost, for communication cost, and for limits on the minimum number of copies of the object (to ensure availability). The second contribution of this paper is the introduction and analysis of an algorithm for automatic dynamic allocation of replicas to processors. Using the new model, we compare the performance of the traditional read-one-write-all static allocation algorithm, to the performance of the dynamic allocation algorithm. As a result, we obtain the relationship between the communication cost and I/O cost for which static allocation is superior to dynamic allocation, and the relationships for which dynamic allocation is superior.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Botulinum Toxin: A Successful Therapeutic Protein (2004)

Botulinum toxin serotype A has proven to be a successful and valuable therapeutic protein when dosage, frequency of treatment and variety of treated clinical conditions are considered. This modern therapeutic protein was predicted by Justinus Kerner, a 19th century German physician, who provided the first detailed clinical description of botulism and its association with faulty sausage production. Kerner was preceded by Paracelsus, who described the duality of a drug as "only the dose makes a remedy poisonous". This concept is well known to modern medicinal chemists, pharmacologists and clinicians worldwide. Because botulinum toxin is an enzyme and specifically delivered to its target cell/neuron, exceedingly small doses are needed to exert its pharmacological effect. Botulinum toxin therapy is successful because of the local administration of nanogram quantities of this highly selective and long-lasting (months) therapeutic effect, which leads to symptomatic relief of numerous disease conditions. These minute therapeutic doses are dramatically lower than the doses needed to cause systemic disease (e.g. botulism). This review will focus on the current understanding of the mechanism of action of botulinum neurotoxins and the pharmacology of the various approved-marketed products and the direction of future research.
Blood-Based Proteomic Biomarkers of Alzheimer’s Disease Pathology (2015)

The complexity of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and its long prodromal phase poses challenges for early diagnosis and yet allows for the possibility of the development of disease modifying treatments for secondary prevention. It is, therefore, of importance to develop biomarkers, in particular, in the preclinical or early phases that reflect the pathological characteristics of the disease and, moreover, could be of utility in triaging subjects for preventative therapeutic clinical trials. Much research has sought biomarkers for diagnostic purposes by comparing affected people to unaffected controls. However, given that AD pathology precedes disease onset, a pathology endophenotype design for biomarker discovery creates the opportunity for detection of much earlier markers of disease. Blood-based biomarkers potentially provide a minimally invasive option for this purpose and research in the field has adopted various "omics" approaches in order to achieve this. This review will, therefore, examine the current literature regarding blood-based proteomic biomarkers of AD and its associated pathology.
Organophosphorus Compounds. I. 2-Chloroalkylphosphonic Acids as Phosphorylating Agents (1963)

Alcohols and phenols are phosphorylated in high yield by reaction with various 2-chloroalkylphosphonic acids at 20-50°C in the presence of three or more molar equivalents of cyclohexylamine or triethylamine, the other products being the corresponding alk-1-ene and chloride ion. The reaction probably proceeds by attack of an ROH molecule on the phosphorus atom of a doubly-ionized phosphonate group. 2-Chlorodecyl-, 10-carboxy-2-chlorodecyl-, and 2-chloro-octylphosphonic acid decompose rapidly in neutral solution giving chloride ion, phosphate ion, and the corresponding alk-1-ene. In the absence of hydroxylic compounds, 2-chlorodecylphosphonic acid is decomposed by cyclohexylamine to dec-1-ene and a product which appears to be N-cyclohexylphosphoramidate; t-amines and also aniline cause dehydrohalogenation to dec-1-enylphosphonic acid. The proton magnetic resonance spectra of most of the phosphorus-containing substances described herein are recorded.
Quantitative Sandwich ELISA for the Determination of Lupine (<i>Lupinus</i>spp.) in Foods (2005)

The use of lupine in foods has increased considerably during the past decade, reflected by a corresponding increase in reported lupine-induced allergic incidents. Lupine allergy may arise either by primary sensitization or by clinical cross-reactivity in peanut-allergic persons. Detection of lupine proteins in food has previously been based on the use of patient serum. A novel sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection and quantification of lupine in processed foods was developed, using a polyclonal rabbit antilupine capture antibody and a biotinylated conjugate of the same antibody for detection. The antibody was highly specific for lupine, apart from minor cross-reactivities to other legumes. The assay had a detection limit of 1 mug/g and was successfully used to quantify lupine protein in various food matrixes. Recoveries ranged from 60 to 116%, while the intra-and interassay coefficients of variation were <6% and <21%, respectively.
The Rab5–Rab11 Endosomal Pathway is Required for BDNF-Induced CREB Transcriptional Regulation in Hippocampal Neurons (2020)

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a key regulator of the morphology and connectivity of central neurons. We have previously shown that BDNF/TrkB signaling regulates the activity and mobility of the GTPases Rab5 and Rab11, which in turn determine the postendocytic sorting of signaling TrkB receptors. Moreover, decreased Rab5 or Rab11 activity inhibits BDNF-induced dendritic branching. Whether Rab5 or Rab11 activity is important for local events only or for regulating nuclear signaling and gene expression is unknown. Here, we investigated, in rat hippocampal neuronal cultures derived from embryos of unknown sex, whether BDNF-induced signaling cascades are altered when early and recycling endosomes are disrupted by the expression of dominant-negative mutants of Rab5 and Rab11. The activity of both Rab5 and Rab11 was required for sustained activity of Erk1/2 and nuclear CREB phosphorylation, and increased transcription of a BDNF-dependent program of gene expression containing CRE binding sites, which includes activity-regulated genes such as <i>Arc</i>, <i>Dusp1</i>, <i>c-fos</i>, <i>Egr1</i>, and <i>Egr2</i>, and growth and survival genes such as <i>Atf3</i> and <i>Gem</i> Based on our results, we propose that early and recycling endosomes provide a platform for the integration of neurotrophic signaling from the plasma membrane to the nucleus in neurons, and that this mechanism is likely to regulate neuronal plasticity and survival.<b>SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT</b> BDNF is a neurotrophic factor that regulates plastic changes in the brain, including dendritic growth. The cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying this process are not completely understood. Our results uncover the cellular requirements that central neurons possess to integrate the plasma membrane into nuclear signaling in neurons. Our results indicate that the endosomal pathway is required for the signaling cascade initiated by BDNF and its receptors at the plasma membrane to modulate BDNF-dependent gene expression and neuronal dendritic growth mediated by the CREB transcription factor. CREB is a key transcription factor regulating circuit development and learning and memory.
Zirconium-Aluminium Alloy as a Getter for High Intensity Discharge Lamps (1974)

Gaseous impurities within lamp envelopes strongly influence their life and performance. High pressure discharge lamps are particularly sensitive to impurities, especially hydrogen which permeates into the burner increasing the striking voltage. A Zr-Al alloy (16% by weight Al) is presented as the most suitable getter for hydrogen, and other noxious gases, in both evacuated and gas filled envelopes. Its behaviour in the simulated operation conditions of various lamp types is described. Sorption performance of the Zr-Al getter when activated or not activated, as a function of operating temperature and other parameters is illustrated.
Modulation of the formation of the amplification convertase of complement, C3b, Bb, by native and commercial heparin. (1978)

Native rat mast cell macromolecular heparin proteoglycan and commercial hog heparin glycosaminoglycan chains inhibit generation of the amplification convertase, C3b, Bb. The inhibitory action of heparin is not due to chelation of magnesium. Heparin is most active in inhibiting convertase formation on cellular intermediates formed with the lowest C3b input and developed with the highest B concentration, thereby suggesting the receptor site for B on C3b as the point of heparin action. This interpretation is consistent with the demonstration that heparin prevents B utilization during the fluid phase interaction of C3b, B, and D. Inhibition is observed also when C3b,Bb generation takes place on cellular intermediates in the presence of P or C3NeF, which yield stabilized forms of the convertase. 50 times the concentration of heparin required to inhibit convertase generation does not accelerate the decay of the unstabilized or the C3NeF-stabilized convertases and has only a modest effect on the P-stabilized convertase. An additional effect of heparin is to impair beta1H-mediated decay-dissociation of C3b,Bb. The concentration of native or commercial heparin which prevents convertase formation is in the same range as that required for the demonstration of its anti-coagulant and anti-thrombin III cofactor activities. The additional finding that this inhibitory action of heparin can be expressed by the isolated mast cell granule suggests that native heparin may contribute to the modulation of the amplification pathway of complement.
Development and Biological Evaluation of Potent and Specific Inhibitors of Mitotic Kinesin Eg5 (2005)

Monastrol was the first specific but moderate inhibitor of the mitotic kinesin Eg5 to be identified. It proved to be useful for studies of cell division and is thought to have anticancer potential. We have synthesized a small chemical library of monastrol analogues and tested them for Eg5 inhibition in vitro and for arresting mitosis of cultured cells. We found that dimethylenastron (1) is more than 100-times more potent than monastrol in both cases. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2268/2005/z500005_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION OF MICROWAVES IN SUPERCONDUCTING JOSEPHSON TUNNEL JUNCTIONS (1967)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation H. Zimmer; PARAMETRIC AMPLIFICATION OF MICROWAVES IN SUPERCONDUCTING JOSEPHSON TUNNEL JUNCTIONS. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1 April 1967; 10 (7): 193–195. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.1754906 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search