gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Disintegration of a State: The Maronites Turn towards Israel (1998)

One may speculate on whether Lebanon might not have avoided the Middle Eastern storm had its politicians been less irresponsible. It is possible that even a more homogeneous, better governed Lebanon — say, a largely Muslim Lebanon aligned with the other Arab countries, or a largely Christian Lebanon less fearful of political impotence, probably similarly aligned — could not have skirted the maelstrom simply because of its geographic situation.1
Stereoselective effects of cis- and trans-cyclopropylbis(dioxopiperazines) related to ICRF-159 on metastases of a hamster lung adenocarcinoma (1978)

The synthesis for cis-4,4' (1,2-cyclopropanediyl)bis(2,6-piperazinedione) (cis-3) is discussed. Stereoselective effects on metastases of cis-3 and the previously reported trans-2 isomer were compared to conformationally mobile ICRF-159 using a Syrian hamster lung adenocarcinoma (LG1002). Whereas ICRF-159 and cis-3 significantly inhibited lung metastases the trans-2 isomer significantly increased the number of metastatic nodules in the lung. Thus, these studies have revealed that, at least in one tumor model, antimetastatic activity can be separated from metastatic potentiating activity by controlling drug geometry.
CYCLOSPORIN A LIPOSOME AEROSOL: LAC K OF ACUTE TOXICITY IN RATS WITH A HIGH INCIDENCE OF UNDERLYING PNEUMONITIS (1997)

Cyclosporin A (CsA)-dilauroylphosphatidylcholine (DLPC) liposome aerosol was evaluated for potential toxicity in a 28-day, acute toxicity study in rats. Rats of both sexes were housed in a nose-only chamber and exposed to aerosols of room air, water, DLPC liposomes (37.5 mg DLPC/ml in reservoir) or CsA-DLPC liposomes (5 mg CsA/ml and 37.5 mg DLPC in reservoir; 75.4 g CsA/L aerosol) generated by an AeroTech II nebulizer for 1 h each day for 28 consecutive days. The estimated retained dose of CsA was 1.58 mg CsA/kg body weight. The rats were monitored during the exposure period and for 2 wk after for body or organ weights, hematology, clinical chemistry, gross lesions, and histopathology of lungs, kidney, and liver. There were no differences for any of the parameters in any of the four exposure groups at any time point except for histopathology. These examinations revealed widespread chronic inflammatory lesions in all groups throughout the test period. These lesions were not associated with exposure to any of the test materials. The etiology of the pulmonary inflammation is unknown. The inflammatory lesions consisted of interstitial, perivascular, peribronchiolar, and alveolar cellular infiltrates that progressed to an organizing alveolitis with Type 2 cell hyperplasia and interstitial fibrosis. Lung lesions were observed in all experimental groups at all time points examined. The degree of severity of inflammatory lesions in the lungs increased with time through day 29 in all groups. Two weeks after final exposure to the test compounds (day 42), the average increase in severity and total number of lesions in all lobes were significantly less in the CsA-DLPC liposome-treated group (p < .04) and borderline in the DLPC group. Thus, DLPC and CsA-DLPC liposomes had no detectable adverse effects after daily inhalations over a period of 28 days, and there was a possible beneficial effect of CsA and possibly of DLPC against an opportunistic pulmonary pathogen in the rats that preexisted the aerosol exposures. </abs>
COMPARISON OF FATTY ACID AND SENSORY PROFILES OF BEEF FROM FORAGE‐FED CATTLE WITH RETAIL UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHOICE AND SELECT BEEF (2006)

ABSTRACT Over two consecutive years, steaks from cattle ( n = 107) grazing three cool‐season grazing systems consisting of either orchard grass pasture or fescue pasture, each with soyhull (SH) supplementation or fescue pasture with no supplementation, were compared with retail United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Choice and Select steaks obtained from area supermarkets for fatty acid and sensory characteristics. Steaks from all three forage treatments had greater ( P < 0.05) proportions of longissimus conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; cis‐9, trans‐11) and lower ( P < 0.05) n‐6–n‐3 fatty acid ratios than USDA Choice or Select steaks. Sensory evaluation revealed that steaks from the SH‐supplemented treatments had similar ( P > 0.05) beef/brothy and grassy flavor intensities than retail USDA Choice and Select steaks, whereas steaks from unsupplemented forage‐fed cattle had decreased ( P < 0.05) beef/brothy and increased ( P < 0.05) grassy flavor intensities than USDA Choice and Select steaks. These results suggest that supplementing SHs to cattle on forage can enhance beef flavor and reduce grassy flavor characteristics similar to retail USDA Choice and Select steaks while maintaining heightened CLA proportions and a lower n‐6–n‐3 ratio.
The incretin effect and its potentiation by glucagon-like peptide 1-based therapies: a revolution in diabetes management (2005)

The incretin effect is a phenomenon in which enteral glucose administration provokes greater insulin secretion than intravenous administration. The main incretins, glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide and glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 are defective in Type 2 diabetes; whereas glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide displays diminished effectiveness, GLP-1 secretion is decreased; thus, GLP-1 was a stronger candidate for a new class of anti-diabetic agents designed to potentiate the incretin effect. In the past decade, GLP-1 mimetics, peptidase inhibitors and GLP-1 have been developed. Early randomised trials show that these agents contribute to glucose homeostasis and enhance beta-cell function, without causing hypoglycaemia or weight gain. This review includes an historical perspective, physiology of incretins, and discussions of the pathophysiology in Type 2 diabetes, pharmacology of the main agents and randomised clinical trials published to date.
Reaction monitoring of platinum(II) complex–5′‐guanosine monophosphate adduct formation by ion exchange liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (2001)

Cisplatin and four structurally related platinum(II) complexes were incubated with guanosine 5'-monophosphate (5'-GMP) in water at 37 degrees C. The adduct formation reactions were monitored with cation- and anion-exchange liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. In addition to mono- and bis-adducts of guanosine 5'-monophosphate with the platinum(II) complexes, other molecular species, presumably with a binuclear structure (two platinum(II) centres), were detected in the reaction mixtures, which have not been reported previously, indicating an unexpected complexity of adduct formation. Anion-exchange chromatography revealed the presence of isomers of two complexes which presumably result from the restricted rotation at the platinum-- N-7 (5'-GMP) bonds. All reaction products were characterized in both the positive and negative ion modes. Furthermore, preliminary kinetics and half-times of complex formation were investigated for cisplatin and two other platinum(II) complexes, monitoring the relative concentrations of free 5'-GMP and of mono- and bis-GMP adducts as a function of time (250 h) using an internal standard protocol with thymidine 5'-monophosphate.
Learning to Detect Deception from Evasive Answers and Inconsistencies across Repeated Interviews: A Study with Lay Respondents and Police Officers (2018)

Previous research has shown that inconsistencies across repeated interviews do not indicate deception because liars deliberately tend to repeat the same story. However, when a strategic interview approach that makes it difficult for liars to use the repeat strategy is used, both consistency and evasive answers differ significantly between truth tellers and liars, and statistical software (binary logistic regression analyses) can reach high classification rates (Masip et al., 2016b). Yet, if the interview procedure is to be used in applied settings the decision process will be made by humans, not statistical software. To address this issue, in the current study, 475 college students (Experiment 1) and 142 police officers (Experiment 2) were instructed to code and use consistency, evasive answers, or a combination or both before judging the veracity of Masip et al.'s (2016b) interview transcripts. Accuracy rates were high (60% to over 90%). Evasive answers yielded higher rates than consistency, and the combination of both these cues produced the highest accuracy rates in identifying both truthful and deceptive statements. Uninstructed participants performed fairly well (around 75% accuracy), apparently because they spontaneously used consistency and evasive answers. The pattern of results was the same among students, all officers, and veteran officers only, and shows that inconsistencies between interviews and evasive answers reveal deception when a strategic interview approach that hinders the repeat strategy is used.
Physical watermarking for securing cyber physical systems via packet drop injections (2017)

Physical watermarking is a well known solution for detecting integrity attacks on Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) such as the smart grid. Here, a random control input is injected into the system in order to authenticate physical dynamics and sensors which may have been corrupted by adversaries. Packet drops may naturally occur in a CPS due to network imperfections. To our knowledge, previous work has not considered the role of packet drops in detecting integrity attacks. In this paper, we investigate the merit of injecting Bernoulli packet drops into the control inputs sent to actuators as a new physical watermarking scheme. With the classical linear quadratic objective function and an independent and identically distributed packet drop injection sequence, we study the effect of packet drops on meeting security and control objectives. Our results indicate that the packet drops could act as a potential physical watermark for attack detection in CPSs.
The Streptococcus mutans Cid and Lrg systems modulate virulence traits in response to multiple environmental signals (2010)

The tight control of autolysis by Streptococcus mutans is critical for proper virulence gene expression and biofilm formation. A pair of dicistronic operons, SMU.575/574 (lrgAB) and SMU.1701/1700 (designated cidAB), encode putative membrane proteins that share structural features with the bacteriophage-encoded holin family of proteins, which modulate host cell lysis during lytic infection. Analysis of S. mutans lrg and cid mutants revealed a role for these operons in autolysis, biofilm formation, glucosyltransferase expression and oxidative stress tolerance. Expression of lrgAB was repressed during early exponential phase and was induced over 1000-fold as cells entered late exponential phase, whereas cidAB expression declined from early to late exponential phase. A two-component system encoded immediately upstream of lrgAB (LytST) was required for activation of lrgAB expression, but not for cid expression. In addition to availability of oxygen, glucose levels were revealed to affect lrg and cid transcription differentially and significantly, probably through CcpA (carbon catabolite protein A). Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the Cid/Lrg system can affect several virulence traits of S. mutans, and its expression is controlled by two major environmental signals, oxygen and glucose. Moreover, cid/lrg expression is tightly regulated by LytST and CcpA.
Coverage expandable current type code controlled DCC with TDC-based range selector (2009)

Coverage expandable current type code controlled DCC is presented, which has TDC-based range selector. The TDC-based range selector is composed of the TDC, the anti-harmonic lock block and the encoder/decoder. The code controlled current source has asymmetric current source to both current sinks for duty error correction and is controlled by binary digital codes. And the DCC amplifier controlled by binary codes has switches which are selected according to the input frequency range. With the frequency range information, the DCC amp can expand the cover range with suitable bit resolutions. The proposed circuit is designed and simulated with 54nm CMOS technology. The DCC circuit can correct at least duty error of 6% from 500MHz through 1.25GHz.
THE DIFFERENTIAL THERMAL ANALYSIS UNIT AT GROUP GMX-3 (1963)

A custom-made instrument for differential thermal analysis (DTA) of explosive materials was designed and built for routine operations at Group GMX-3. This compact model is based on the prototype developed by R. N. Rogers, Group GMX- 2, who adapted DTA to explosive materials. DTA thermograms are obtained with this apparatus on very small examples, which reduces the explosion hazard. The main feature of the apparatus is an expendable furnace assembly contained in a blast-shielded drawer. This drawer, the programmer, the thermocouple reference, the microvolt amplifier, and the X-Y recorder are assembled into a relay rack for ease of operation by the analyst. Calibration of the axes is described, and a simplified procedure is developed for the accurate recording of DTA thermograms on a preprinted chart. Irregularities caused by faulty components and manipulative technique are discussed, and recommended methods are given to remedy each situation. Thc appendixes contain a formal procedure for the operation of this instrument with illustrations of the apparatus, schematic diagrams, graphs of temperature vs millivolt output, and typical DTA thermograms produced by this instrument. (auth)
Monolithic active pixels with in-pixel amplification and reset noise suppression for charged particle detection in a 0.25µm digital CMOS process (2003)

In this report, new all-NMOS pixel architectures suitable for charged particle detection are presented. These pixels achieve high charge-to-voltage conversion factors (CVF) using a few number of transistors inside the pixel. The first pixel architecture uses a preamplifying stage close to the detector and a simple double sampling circuitry to store the voltage level of the detector after reset called reset level. The double sampling removes the offset mismatches of amplifiers and the reset noise of the detector. Offset mismatches of the source follower are also corrected by a second double sampling stage. A differential version of this pixel is also presented. The classical 3-T photodiode pixels need few modifications to be used for future linear colliders like TESLA. The maximum achievable CVF is limited to ∼20µV/e - with n-well/pepi diodes in mainstream CMOS technologies. This is not sufficient to overcome the residual pixel-to-pixel and column-to-column fixed pattern noise (FPN). To obtain higher CVF, the detector signal must be amplified closest to the detector. Also (correlated) double sampling is required to suppress reset noise of the diode capacitance and pixel-to-pixel offset nonuniformities, which would be of the order of the signal generated by an impinging particle. Recently, some methods are presented in the literature to reduce or remove the reset noise of 3-T photodiode pixels [1]-[7]. While these methods are theoretically efficient, they need often long durations of the reset for a good reduction of noise, and in practice present high FPN due to the increased number of transistors and capacitors used for the pixels.
Über einen neuen, gegen Vogelmalaria wirksamen Verbindungstypus (1948)

Abstract In 4‐Oxy‐ bzw.‐Mercapto‐2.3‐dialkyl‐chinolinen wurde ein Typus von Verbindungen aufgefunden, die bei malariainfizierten Kanarienvögeln Heilwirkung zeigen. Die Spezifität dieser Wirksamkeit wurde abgegrenzt. Beim Konstitutionsbeweis wurde eine neue Bildungsweise von Isatinen gefunden.
Test SQL injection vulnerabilities in web applications based on structure matching (2011)

SQL injection, known as a popular attack against web applications, has become a serious security risk. However, traditional penetration test methods are insufficient to test SQL injection vulnerabilities (SQLIVs) in web applications. This paper presents a new test method called SMART, which automatically tests SQLIVs in web applications. SMART analyzes the SQL queries generated by web applications and uses a structure matching validation mechanism to determine whether SQLIVs exist. Comprehensive experiments show that SMART is effective in finding SQLIVs. Testing the web applications with SMART, the security against SQL injection can be greatly improved.
In Vivo Protective Role of Human Group IIA Phospholipase A2 against Experimental Anthrax (2005)

Anthrax is an acute disease caused by Bacillus anthracis. Some animal species are relatively resistant to anthrax infection. This trait has been correlated to the extent of the local inflammatory reaction, suggesting innate immunity to be the first line of defense against B. anthracis infection in nonimmunized hosts. Group IIA secreted phospholipase A2 (sPLA2-IIA) is produced in particular by macrophages and possesses potent antibacterial activity especially against Gram-positive bacteria. We have previously shown in vitro that sPLA2-IIA kills both germinated B. anthracis spores and encapsulated bacilli. Here we show that sPLA2-IIA plays in vivo a protective role against experimental anthrax. Transgenic mice expressing human sPLA2-IIA are resistant to B. anthracis infection. In addition, in vivo administration of recombinant human sPLA2-IIA protects mice against B. anthracis infection. The protective effect was observed both with a highly virulent encapsulated nontoxinogenic strain and a wild-type encapsulated toxinogenic strain, showing that toxemia did not hinder the sPLA2-IIA-afforded protection. sPLA2-IIA, a natural component of the immune system, may thus be considered a novel therapeutic agent to be used in adjunct with current therapy for treating anthrax. Its anthracidal activity would be effective even against strains resistant to multiple antibiotics.
A Combinatorial Geometry Computer Description of the XR311 Vehicle (1978)

Abstract : This report documents four computer descriptions (COM-GEOM) of the XR311-TOW system. This included the Baseline XR311 (without armor) and three options with different armor configurations. The appendixes contain the actual computer descriptions of the four vehicles. These descriptions are also available at the BRL on either cards or magnetic tape. The shotline output of the GRID subroutine of the GIFT code is also stored on magnetic tape for future vulnerability analysis.
Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases: General Features and Recognition of Transfer RNAs (1979)

The Hippo pathway was initially discovered in Drosophila melanogaster as a key regulator of tissue growth. It is an evolutionarily conserved signaling cascade regulating numerous biological processes, including cell growth and fate decision, organ size ...Read More
Chromosome XII context is important for rDNA function in yeast (2006)

The rDNA cluster in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is located 450 kb from the left end and 610 kb from the right end of chromosome XII and consists of approximately 150 tandemly repeated copies of a 9.1 kb rDNA unit. To explore the biological significance of this specific chromosomal context, chromosome XII was split at both sides of the rDNA cluster and strains harboring deleted variants of chromosome XII consisting of 450 kb, 1500 kb (rDNA cluster only) and 610 kb were created. In the strain harboring the 1500 kb variant of chromosome XII consisting solely of rDNA, the size of the rDNA cluster was found to decrease as a result of a decrease in rDNA copy number. The frequency of silencing of URA3 inserted within the rDNA locus was found to be greater than in a wild-type strain. The localization and morphology of the nucleolus was also affected such that a single and occasionally (6-12% frequency) two foci for Nop1p and a rounded nucleolus were observed, whereas a typical crescent-shaped nucleolar structure was seen in the wild-type strain. Notably, strains harboring the 450 kb chromosome XII variant and/or the 1500 kb variant consisting solely of rDNA had shorter life spans than wild type and also accumulated extrachromosomal rDNA circles. These observations suggest that the context of chromosome XII plays an important role in maintaining a constant rDNA copy number and in physiological processes related to rDNA function in S.cerevisiae.
Analysis of Ambulatory ECG Signal (2006)

Ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) recorders are increasingly in use by people suffering from cardiac abnormalities. However, the ECG signal acquired by the ambulatory recorder is influenced by motion artifacts induced by any body movement activity (BMA). The goal of the paper is to demonstrate that it is possible to determine the BMA from the motion artifacts in the ECG signal itself. The ECG signal during a specific BMA is presumed to be an additive mix of signals due to cardiac activities, motion artifacts induced due to the BMA and sensor noise. We propose to characterize and determine the BMA from the corresponding motion artifact data in the ECG signal itself. The proposed technique is useful for removal of motion artifacts from the ECG signals for ambulatory cardiac monitoring.
A Precise Pulsed Current Source for Absolute Calibration of Current Measurement Systems With No DC Response (2017)

Absolute calibration of systems with no DC response requires pulsed calibration circuits. This paper presents a precise pulsed current source designed primarily for remote calibration of a beam intensity measurement system. However, due to its simple and flexible design, it might also prove interesting for other applications. The circuit was designed to drive a load of 10 Ω with current pulses lasting a few hundred microseconds with an amplitude of 1 A and precision in the order of 0.01%. The circuit is equipped with a half-bridge for precise determination of the absolute output current using the 0 V method. This paper presents the circuit topology and discusses in detail the choice of the critical components along with their influence on the final achieved accuracy. The performance of the built prototype of the current source is presented with laboratory measurements.
Expression and function of L-selectin molecules (LECAM-1) in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. (1994)

A correlation was found between constitutional expression and function of the L-selectins, namely the higher the number of cells expressing L-selectin molecules at a measurable level on the cell surface, the greater the number of cells showing attachment in the tests. It is suggested that many aspects of the biological and clinical heterogeneity of B-CLL will be explained by revealing the exact adhesion profile and function in different subtypes of the disease.
Clamp-on ultrasonic flowmeters - limitations and remedies (1975)

The angular momentum of rotating superfluid droplets originates from quantized vortices and capillary waves, the interplay between which remains to be uncovered. Here, the rotation of isolated submicrometer superfluid ^{4}He droplets is studied by ultrafast x-ray diffraction using a free electron laser. The diffraction patterns provide simultaneous access to the morphology of the droplets and the vortex arrays they host. In capsule-shaped droplets, vortices form a distorted triangular lattice, whereas they arrange along elliptical contours in ellipsoidal droplets. The combined action of vortices and capillary waves results in droplet shapes close to those of classical droplets rotating with the same angular velocity. The findings are corroborated by density functional theory calculations describing the velocity fields and shape deformations of a rotating superfluid cylinder.