gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
NEO Orbits and Nonlinear Dynamics: A Brief Overview and Interpretations (1997)

ABSTRACT: The development of nonlinear dynamics is outlined with emphasis on the concepts leading to the development of a numerical technique known as “fuzzy boundary theory” or FBT. Origins of this methodology are a direct outgrowth of concepts derived from the Hamiltonian formulation, KAM theory, and “Mather regions.” The significance of FBT as a computational methodology for NEO studies includes the weak capture and fast resonance shifting applied to NEO orbits and spacecraft rendezvous as described by a paper by Belbruno in this volume. Further implications of the FBT methodology suggest that some NEO capture cross‐sections with planetary bodies may have to be recomputed.
Characterization of the Promoter Region of the Human Thrombospondin Gene (1989)

Thrombospondin (TSP) is an extracellular matrix glycoprotein whose synthesis and secretion by mesenchymal cells is regulated at the level of gene transcription by platelet-derived growth factor. To examine the transcriptional regulation of the TSP gene at the molecular level, a genomic clone containing the human TSP promoter and flanking sequence was isolated and characterized. A 3.8-kilobase pair (kb) DNA fragment containing the first three exons, the first two introns, and 2.2 kb of 5'-flanking region was sequenced, and the site of transcription initiation was determined by both primer extension and S1 nuclease mapping. Consensus sequences for several potential regulatory elements were found in the 5'-flanking sequence, including a TATA box consensus sequence, TTTAAAA, located 24 base pairs upstream from the transcription start site. A chimeric gene was constructed containing the first intron, the first exon, and 2.0 kb of 5'-flanking sequence of the TSP gene fused to the promoterless gene for chloramphenicol acetyltransferase. When transfected into COS-1 or NIH3T3 cells this gene construct was transcribed, indicating the presence of a functional promoter in the TSP sequence. Transient transfection studies using deletion mutants of this TSP-chloramphenicol acetyltransferase construct were performed to locate cis-acting regulatory sequences. The deletion of flanking sequence 5' to position -234 had little or no effect on transcriptional activity, whereas deletion of 5'-flanking sequence extending further in the 3' direction resulted in the gradual loss of transcriptional activity. The removal of the first intron resulted in a 4-fold decrease in transcript levels, indicating the presence of a cis-acting positive element(s) in the first intron of the human TSP gene. This element(s) was further localized to the region between position +576 and position +727.
Bis(imino)pyridyl iron and cobalt complexes: the effect of nitrogen substituents on ethylene oligomerisation and polymerisation (2001)

The synthesis and characterisation of 2,6-bis(imino)pyridyl iron and cobalt complexes [(2,6-(RNCMe)2C5H3N)MCl2] containing nitrogen substituents of the type R = NPh2, NPhMe, NMe2 or 2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl are described. These complexes, in combination with the co-catalyst MAO, give active catalysts for the oligomerisation or polymerisation of ethylene. The catalytic activity is strongly affected by the substituents R and the polymerisation conditions used. The polymer properties are also a function of the R substituents. With R = NPhMe or NMe2, toluene soluble α-olefins are obtained, whereas the bulkier substituents (R = NPh2 or 2,5-dimethylpyrrolyl) give low molecular weight solid polyethylene.
An over-the-scope clip (OTSC) system for closure of iatrogenic colon perforations: results of an experimental survival study in pigs (2008)

In this experimental study the OTSC clip system was found to be a simple and secure closure method for iatrogenic colon perforations, and thus might be an alternative to surgical repair.
Puffing and Micro-Explosion Phenomena of Water Emulsion Fuels (1986)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The puffing and micro-explosion phenomena have been observed and photographed in water and hydrocarbon blended fuels. Hexane, Decane, Tridecane. Hexadecane gasoline and diesel were tested as parent fuels at various percent by volume of water. The intensity of puffing and micro-explosion increases with the volume fraction of water, the droplet size and the carbon-chain length of the emulsion fuels. Time needed for droplet disappearance is observed to be linearly proportional to the size of fuel droplets. Temperature of the blended fuel droplet as a function of time were recorded experimentally. A mathematical model for temperature-time relationship of droplet is constructed to correlate the occurence of puff phenomena as a function of environmental temperature, droplet size and parent fuel properties. Application of the mathematical model to the compression stroke of an engine process and its effect later on mass burning rate is presented.</div>
Passive and active immunization models of MuSK-Ab positive myasthenia: Electrophysiological evidence for pre and postsynaptic defects (2012)

Antibodies directed against the post-synaptic neuromuscular junction protein, muscle specific kinase (MuSK) are found in a small proportion of generalized myasthenia gravis (MuSK-MG) patients. MuSK is a receptor tyrosine kinase which is essential for clustering of the acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) at the neuromuscular junction, but the mechanisms by which MuSK antibodies (MuSK-Abs) affect neuromuscular transmission are not clear. Experimental models of MuSK-MG have been described but there have been no detailed electrophysiological studies and no comparisons between the MuSK-MG and the typical form with AChR-Abs (AChR-MG). Here we studied the electrophysiology of neuromuscular transmission after immunization against MuSK compared with immunization against AChR, and also after passive transfer of IgG from MuSK-MG or AChR-MG patients. Overt clinical weakness was observed in 6/10 MuSK-immunized and 3/9 AChR-immunized mice but not in those injected with patients' IgG. Miniature endplate potentials (MEPPS) were reduced in all weak mice consistent with the reduction in postsynaptic AChRs that was found. However, whereas there was an increase in the quantal release of acetylcholine (ACh) in the weak AChR-immunized mice, no such increase was found in the weak MuSK-immunized mice. Similar trends were found after the passive transfer of purified IgG antibodies from MuSK-MG or AChR-MG patients. Preliminary results showed that MuSK expression was considerably higher at the neuromuscular junctions of the masseter (facial) than in the gastrocnemius (leg) with no reduction in MuSK immunostaining at the neuromuscular junctions. Overall, these results suggest that MuSK antibodies act in at least two ways. Firstly by indirectly affecting MuSK's ability to maintain the high density of AChRs and secondly by interfering with a compensatory presynaptic mechanism that regulates quantal release and helps to preserve neuromuscular function. These results raise questions about how MuSK is involved in retrograde signaling, and the combination of post-synaptic defects with lack of presynaptic compensation may begin to explain the more severe disease in MuSK-MG patients.
Involvement of Androgen Receptor in 17β-Estradiol-Induced Cell Proliferation in Rat Uterus1 (2002)

Although it is known that, in the uterus, estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) is involved in proliferation and progesterone receptor in differentiation, the role of the two other gonadal-hormone receptors expressed in the uterus, androgen receptor (AR) and estrogen receptor beta (ERbeta), remains undefined. In this study, the involvement of AR in 17beta-estradiol (E(2))-induced cellular proliferation in the immature rat uterus was investigated. AR levels were low in the untreated immature uterus, but 24 h after treatment of rats with E(2), there was an increase in the levels of AR and of two androgen-regulated genes, IGF-I and Crisp (cysteine-rich secretory protein). As expected, E(2) induced proliferation of luminal epithelial cells. These actions of E(2) were all blocked by both the antiestrogen tamoxifen and the antiandrogen flutamide. The E(2)-induced AR was found by immunohistochemistry to be localized exclusively in the stroma, mainly in the myometrium, where it colocalized with ERalpha but not with ERbeta. ERbeta, detected with two different ERbeta-specific antibodies, was expressed in both stromal and epithelial cells either alone or together with ERalpha. Treatment with E(2) caused down-regulation of ERalpha and ERbeta in the epithelium. The data suggest that, in E(2)-induced epithelial cell proliferation, ERalpha induces stromal AR and AR amplifies the ERalpha signal by induction of IGF-I. Because AR is never expressed in cells with ERbeta, it is unlikely that ERbeta signaling is involved in this pathway. These results indicate an important role for AR in proliferation of the uterus, where estrogen and androgen do not represent separate pathways but are sequential steps in one pathway.
Prevention of Monocarpic Senescence in Soybeans with Auxin and Cytokinin: An Antidote for Self-Destruction (1979)

Foliar applications of alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid, together with 6-benzyladenine, prevent the seed-induced degeneration (monocarpic senescence) in soybeans. In addition to halting leaf yellowing and shedding, this treatment prevents the loss of starch and nitrogen that occurs during senescence of these leaves. Although nitrogen and starch are normally redistributed to support pod growth, pod development is not impaired by this treatment, apparently because photosynthesis and nitrogen assimilation continue.
Dynamics of Enhanced Tracer Diffusion in Suspensions of Swimming Eukaryotic Microorganisms (2009)

In contexts such as suspension feeding in marine ecologies there is an interplay between brownian motion of nonmotile particles and their advection by flows from swimming microorganisms. As a laboratory realization, we study passive tracers in suspensions of eukaryotic swimmers, the alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. While the cells behave ballistically over short intervals, the tracers behave diffusively, with a time-dependent but self-similar probability distribution function of displacements consisting of a gaussian core and robust exponential tails. We emphasize the role of flagellar beating in creating oscillatory flows that exceed brownian motion far from each swimmer.
Application of a flush airdata sensing system to a wing leading edge(LE-FADS) (1993)

The feasibility of locating a flush airdata sensing (FADS) system on a wing leading edge where the operation of the avionics or fire control radar system will not be hindered is investigated. The leading-edge FADS system (LE-FADS) was installed on an unswept symmetrical airfoil and a series of low-speed wind-tunnel tests were conducted to evaluate the performance of the system. As a result of the tests it is concluded that the aerodynamic models formulated for use on aircraft nosetips are directly applicable to wing leading edges and that the calibration process is similar. Furthermore, the agreement between the airdata calculations for angle of attack and total pressure from the LE-FADS and known wind-tunnel values suggest that wing-based flush airdata systems can be calibrated to a high degree of accuracy. Static wind-tunnel tests for angles of attack from -50 deg to 50 deg and dynamic pressures from 3.6 to 11.4 lb/sq ft were performed.
Sequence analysis suggests that tetra-nucleotides signal the termination of protein synthesis in eukaryotes (1990)

An increasing number of cases where tri-nucleotide stop codons do not signal the termination of protein synthesis are being reported. In order to identify what constitutes an efficient stop signal, we analysed the region around natural stop codons in genes from a wide variety of eukaryotic species and gene families. Certain stop codons and nucleotides following stop codons are over-represented, and this pattern is accentuated in highly expressed genes. For example, the preferred signal for Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Drosophila melanogaster highly expressed genes is UAAG, and generally the signals UAA(A/G) and UGA(A/G) are preferred in eukaryotes. The GC% of the organism or DNA region can affect whether there is A or G in the second or fourth positions. We suggest therefore, that the stop codon and the nucleotide following it comprise a tetra-nucleotide stop signal. A model is proposed in which the polypeptide chain release factor, a protein, recognises this sequence, but will tolerate some substitution, particularly A to G in the second or third positions.
Calibration of an X‐ray photoelectron spectrometer by means of noble metals (1983)

Abstract A review of the literature concerning binding energies of noble metal core levels has been carried out. From this data values for energy calibration in electron spectroscopy are recommended.
Influence of respiratory and cardiovascular diseases on smoking cessation (2017)

<b>Aims:</b> Varenicline is used in smoking cessation. The patients recruited by the respiratory physician at our unit had a higher rate of comorbidities than in other studies conducted in a general population of healthy smokers. This can be explained because they were referred from other respiratory specialists or from general practitioners to the Stop-Smoking Clinic. The aims of the study were: -evaluate if Varenicline effectiveness is influenced by any of these comorbidities -compare the use of different doses in all subgroups <b>Methods:</b> Open-label randomized parallel-group controlled trial with 1-year follow-up, at the Stop-Smoking Clinic of the Virgen Macarena University Hospital in Seville. Patients were randomized either to 1 mg or 0.5 mg (both doses were taken twice daily during 8 weeks). <b>Results:</b> Patients with metabolic syndrome (n=27) had better quit rates than those without this condition (74,1% vs 42,3%, p=0,01). Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) (n=162) were more successful in quitting smoking than those who did not have this disease (52,5% vs 43,5%, p=0,067). However, having bronchial asthma (n=41) was related to having more difficulties in stopping smoking (26,8% vs 49,1%, p=0,005). The differences obtained comparing doses were not remarkable, as they only were seen in very small subgroups. <b>Conclusions:</b> Some comorbidities are related to the success of the smoking cessation programme and it would be necessary to design specific studies for these subgroups of patients.
High performance of silicided silicon-sidewall source and drain (S/sup 4/D) structure (1998)

A silicided silicon-sidewall source and drain (S/sup 4/D) structure is proposed for sub-0.1-/spl mu/m devices. The merit of the S/sup 4/D structure is that the series resistance of the source and drain is significantly reduced since the silicide layer is attached very close to the gate electrode and the silicon sidewall can be doped very highly. Thus, very high drain current drive can be expected, Another advantage of this structure is that the source and drain extensions are produced by the solid-phase diffusion of boron from the highly doped silicon-sidewall. Thus, shallow extensions with very high doping can be realized. A 75-nm gate length pMOSFET fabricated with this structure is shown to exhibit excellent electrical characteristics.
High Brightness White Light Point Source using Ce, Sm:YAG Crystal Fiber (2009)

High-brightness white light point source using 10-μm-core diameter Ce, Sm:YAG double cladding crystal fiber was successful fabricated. The luminance and luminous efficiencies were 2.56×1010 cd/m2 and 11.2 lm/W, respectively.
Characterization of Tequila Flavor by Instrumental and Sensory Analysis (1996)

Tequila, the fermented and twice-distilled juice of Agave tequilana, was extracted using dichloromethane. The extract obtained, which represented approximately 0.03% v/v of the original product, was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC), employing both flame ionization detection (FID) and sulfur chemiluminescence detection, as well as by gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC−MS). More than 175 components were identified in the extract, accounting for more than 99% of the total GC FID peak area. The extract was also subjected to sensory analysis employing the technique of GC with odor port evaluation/aroma extract dilution analysis. More than 60 odorants were detected, at least 30 of which could be correlated with specific GC peaks arising from components found in the extract. On the basis of their detection in the most dilute extracts analyzed, five constituents were determined to be the most powerful odorants of tequila; these were isovaleraldehyde, isoamyl alcohol, β-damascenone, 2-phenylethanol, and vanillin. Efforts at reconstituting tequila flavor from its component parts were not successful, however, indicating that further significant contributors to tequila flavor remain to be identified. Keywords: Agave tequilana; aroma extract dilution; gas chromatography−mass spectrometry; flavor; tequila; volatile components
α-TEA Plus Cisplatin Reduces Human Cisplatin-Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Tumor Burden and Metastasis (2004)

A novel nonhydrolyzable ether-linked acetic acid analog of vitamin E, 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2R-(4R,8R,12-trimethyltridecyl)-chroman-6-yloxyacetic acid (alpha-TEA) in combination with cisplatin, reduces tumor burden of A2780/cp70 (cp70) cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells xenografted into immune compromised nude mice. Two xenograft studies were conducted using cp70 cells stably expressing green fluorescent protein (cp70-GFP) subcutaneously transplanted into NU/NU mice. For studies 1 and 2, alpha-TEA was formulated in liposomes and delivered by aerosol such that approximately 36 microg and 72 microg of alpha-TEA were deposited in the respiratory tract of each mouse each day, respectively. Cisplatin at 5 mg/kg was administered by intraperitoneal injections once weekly for the first 3 weeks in Study 1 and on the third and 10th days following treatment initiation in Study 2. The combination alpha-TEA + cisplatin treatment reduced tumor burden and metastasis of cp70-GFP cells in comparison to control mice or mice treated with alpha-TEA or cisplatin singly. A significant reduction (P < 0.001) in growth of subcutaneous transplanted tumors was obtained with alpha-TEA + cisplatin for both studies. Visible metastases were observed in the lungs of animals from control and cisplatin-treated groups but not in animals from the alpha-TEA- or alpha-TEA + cisplatin-treated groups. The alpha-TEA + cisplatin significantly reduced the total number of lung and axillary lymph node micrometastasis (P < 0.03 and P < 0.0001, respectively). Analyses of tumor sections showed the alpha-TEA + cisplatin treatment group, in comparison to control, to have a significantly lower level of cell proliferation (Ki-67 staining; P < 0.0001) and a significantly higher level of apoptosis (terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated nick end labeling [TUNEL]; P < 0.0001). In summary, combinations of alpha-TEA + cisplatin significantly reduced tumor burden and metastases in a xenograft model of cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells. These data show promise for combination alpha-TEA + cisplatin chemotherapy for ovarian cancer.
Mannich reactions of heterocycles with dimethyl(methylene) ammonium chloride: A high yield, one‐step conversion of estazolam to adinazolam (1988)

Abstract The readily prepared ammonium salt, (CH 3 ) 2 N + = CH 2 Cl − , 4 , functionalized heterocycles differently, but in a predictable fashion, under neutral, basic or acidic conditions. Triazolo‐ and imidazobenzophenones 1b ′ and 5 , which primarily underwent intramolecular isomerization to indolols 2a ′ and 6a rather than intermolecular electrophilic substitution under conditions of the normal aqueous Mannich reaction, were converted with 4 to the desired benzophenone derivatives, 1c ′ and 7 , respectively, in moderate yields. The 1‐unsubstituted triazolo‐ or imidazobenzodiazepines, 10a (estazolam) and 10b , were transformed to the corresponding 1‐(dimethylamino)methyl derivatives, 11a (adinazolam) and 11b , in good to moderate yields (61% and 32%, respectively.) Under acidic reaction conditions, 1‐methyl triazolobenzodiazepine, 10d (alprazolam), afforded 12e , the product of attack at C‐4 of the triazolo[4,3‐ a ][1,4]benzodiazepine ring system. Under strongly basic conditions in which the anion of 10d was generated prior to reaction with 4 , both 12e and its isomer, 15 , were formed. These results complement the report that 4 may be used to functionalize the 1‐methyl position of triazolobenzodiazepines, and further demonstrate the versatility of reagent 4 in heterocyclic synthesis.
Simulierung von Azidoniumion‐Zwischenstufen durch Umsetzung von (Aziridin‐1‐ylamino)‐triphenylphosphoniumsalzen mit Äthylnitrit (1972)

Abstract Die Diazotierung von (Aziridin‐1‐ylamino)‐triphenylphosphoniumbromiden 3 mit Äthylnitrit liefert die Azido‐brom‐Verbindungen 4a – e sowie 6 und 7 . p ‐Allyl‐anisol wird als Modell zum Vergleich der Reaktivitäten einer Bromonium‐Zwischenstufe C und einer möglichen Azidonium‐Zwischenstufe F herangezogen. Während erstere über ein Anisonium‐Ion D durch Bromid‐ bzw. Azid‐Ion zur 1.3‐Dibrom‐Verbindung 5 bzw. zur 1‐Brom‐3‐azido‐Verbindung 8 umgeformt wird, erfolgt bei F keine entsprechende Aryl‐Wanderung. Die öffnung von B durch das Bromid‐Ion läßt sich mit der meist sterisch kontrollierten Öffnung unsymmetrischer Epoxide durch Nucleophile vergleichen.
Effects of a synthetic extract (thymopentin) on the immune system of lepromatous leprosy patients. (1987)

Twenty three patients with lepromatous leprosy (LL) not in reactional phase and bacteriologically negative were evaluated for their immune status (T cell frequency and interferon gamma production). In six patients with deficits of both immune parameters, a synthetic thymic extract (TP-5) was administered. At the end of the treatment, a full recovery of immune dysfunction was observed. In the light of these results, the efficacy of TP-5 as an immunomodulating agent in LL patients is discussed.
Character Contrast (2009)

It is extremely difficult to accurately measure the contrast of a dark character on a light display. This article describes various ways to approach this problem.
Sociologists and the Processing of Conflicts (1992)

Sociologists bring a unique perspective to the study of the processing of conflicts. They may be experts in substantive areas in which alternative dispute resolution (ADR) techniques are used as well as experts in process such as getting the parties to the table and keeping them there to discuss the issues. Sociologists are also trained to observe social interactions and remain neutral in their analyses of what they observe. The authors discuss the contributions that sociologists can make in the study of ADR, including theoretical, research, and critical works on conflict resolution process.
Ultrathin Bi Nanosheets with Superior Photoluminescence (2017)

Despite substantial progress in the science and technology of 2D nanomaterials, facile fabrication of ultrathin 2D metals remains challenging. Herein, an efficient hot-pressing method is developed to fabricate free-standing ultrathin Bi nanosheets from Bi nanoparticles. Highly crystalline Bi nanosheets with thickness as low as ≈2 nm and area of more than several micrometers are successfully fabricated on silicon substrates. The ultrathin Bi nanosheets exhibit morphology and structural dependent enhanced broad range photoemission in visible region of spectrum. Our cost-effective hot-pressing strategy may open an insight for production, application, and deficient fundamental understanding of other 2D semimetals/metalloids and noble metals.
n+-Polysilicon Etching with Both High Anisotropy and High Selectivity by Nitrogen Chemisorption in Chlorine and Nitrogen Mixed ECR Plasma (1990)

1990 International Conference on Solid State Devices and Materials,n+-Polysilicon Etching with Both High Anisotropy and High Selectivity by Nitrogen Chemisorption in Chlorine and Nitrogen Mixed ECR Plasma