gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Efficient computation of apparent resistivity curves for depth profiling of a layered Earth (1995)

Abstract The problem of computing the electrical potential as a result of a direct current electric source in a layered earth is reformulated to avoid instability in the numerical computation that may occur with the standard propagator matrix formalism described in a number of textbooks. The present spectral formalism involves constituents that contain only exponential functions with nonpositive arguments. The vertical spectral input admittances at the interface levels up to the source level are calculated recursively, starting at the uppermost and lowermost interfaces of the layered earth. These admittances at the source level are then used to compute the electrical voltage at the source level. With the known voltage and the admittances at the source level, the spectral amplitudes at the source level are known. Computation of the amplitudes at the other interfaces is, progressively, carried out by expressing the amplitudes at any interface above the source level in terms of the amplitude on the interface just below it and expressing the amplitudes at any interface below the source level in terms of the amplitude on the interface just above it. This results in an efficient scheme for computing electrical potential in any arbitrary depth levels (required for imaging subsurface conductivity).We simulate single-borehole and hole-to-hole experiments. Neglecting the influence of the boreholes, we consider a plane layered earth model in which point electrodes along a vertical line (source line) inject and extract a stationary electric current, and point electrodes either along the source line or along another vertical line (receiver line) measure a potential difference. From the potential measurements, apparent resistivities are computed along the vertical lines.
Neurofascin as a novel target for autoantibody-mediated axonal injury (2007)

Axonal injury is considered the major cause of disability in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS), but the underlying effector mechanisms are poorly understood. Starting with a proteomics-based approach, we identified neurofascin-specific autoantibodies in patients with MS. These autoantibodies recognize the native form of the extracellular domains of both neurofascin 186 (NF186), a neuronal protein concentrated in myelinated fibers at nodes of Ranvier, and NF155, the oligodendrocyte-specific isoform of neurofascin. Our in vitro studies with hippocampal slice cultures indicate that neurofascin antibodies inhibit axonal conduction in a complement-dependent manner. To evaluate whether circulating antineurofascin antibodies mediate a pathogenic effect in vivo, we cotransferred these antibodies with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-specific encephalitogenic T cells to mimic the inflammatory pathology of MS and breach the blood-brain barrier. In this animal model, antibodies to neurofascin selectively targeted nodes of Ranvier, resulting in deposition of complement, axonal injury, and disease exacerbation. Collectively, these results identify a novel mechanism of immune-mediated axonal injury that can contribute to axonal pathology in MS.
Development of landscape structure of Kežmarok catastral area during the years (1769 - 2007) as an example of residential development around the Tatra Mountains (Western Carpathians) (2012)

On the basis of landscape structure we analyzed landscape changes and selected indicators of the assessment landscape as ecological stability and atrophic influence from eight time horizons. Landscape forms, changes in land use intensity, unchanged areas and relative unchanged areas were analyzed in relation to selected abiotic characteristics of the environment. The greatest changes occurred in the group of agricultural fields, where the abandonment of traditional management (1957) and the decline of agriculture in the 90’s 20th century led to 25% decline in size of agricultural fields converted to grasslands and urban areas. Extensification was observed especially in areas of higher slopes and higher altitudes. Results at the local level reflect the general (global) trends in land use across Europe.
Microfluidics for exosome isolation and analysis: enabling liquid biopsy for personalized medicine (2017)

Exosomes, the smallest sized extracellular vesicles (∽30-150 nm) packaged with lipids, proteins, functional messenger RNAs and microRNAs, and double-stranded DNA from their cells of origin, have emerged as key players in intercellular communication. Their presence in bodily fluids, where they protect their cargo from degradation, makes them attractive candidates for clinical application as innovative diagnostic and therapeutic tools. But routine isolation and analysis of high purity exosomes in clinical settings is challenging, with conventional methods facing a number of drawbacks including low yield and/or purity, long processing times, high cost, and difficulties in standardization. Here we review a promising solution, microfluidic-based technologies that have incorporated a host of separation and sensing capabilities for exosome isolation, detection, and analysis, with emphasis on point-of-care and clinical applications. These new capabilities promise to advance fundamental research while paving the way toward routine exosome-based liquid biopsy for personalized medicine.
Fast Determination of Heliostat Shape and Orientation by Edge Detection and Photogrammetry (2008)

Heliostats of central receiver solar power plants reach dimensions up to 150 m<sup>2</sup> with focal lengths up to 1000 m. Their optical properties and tracking accuracy have great influence on the power plant efficiency and need to be monitored both at plant start up and during operation. Up to now, there are few efficient and fast measurement techniques to access the heliostat properties. Flux density measurements and close-range photogrammetry are possible approaches, yet they do not fulfill the requirement to be accurate, inexpensive and fast at the same time. In this paper, we present a non-contact measurement principle, which uses edge detection to extract the heliostat and facet vertices. This information is used to calculate the surface normals. Furthermore, the corners can replace retroreflective targets generally used in close-range photogrammetry, thus enabling a fast and completely automatic evaluation of the three-dimensional heliostat structure. The pictures are provided by a digital camera which is mounted on a pan tilt head on top of the central receiver tower, offering visibility to all heliostats and allowing the automated qualification of whole heliostat fields in a short period of time. It is shown that measurement uncertainties in heliostat orientation for the investigated heliostat are below 4 mrad in 80% of the relevant heliostat positions. Heliostat orientation is available within three minutes. Photogrammetric measurements based on edge detection at a 40-m<sup>2</sup> CESA-1 heliostat at the Plataforma Solar de Almerìa (PSA) exhibit an accuracy of 1.6 mrad for a single-facet normal vector with the results being available within 30 minutes. The reduced measurement time allows the economic characterization of entire heliostat fields. The lower accuracy compared to manual photogrammetry with retroreflective targets is still sufficient to detect facet misalignments in existing heliostat fields.
Metabolic design of dynamic bioreaction models (2006)

This thesis is concerned with the derivation of bioprocess models intended for engineering purposes. In contrast with other techniques, the methodology used to derive a macroscopic model is based on available intracellular information. This information is extracted from the metabolic network describing the intracellular metabolism. The aspects of metabolic regulation are modeled by representing the metabolism of cultured cells with several metabolic networks. \nHere we present a systematic methodology for deriving macroscopic models when such metabolic networks are known. A separate model is derived for each "phase" of the culture. Each of these models relies upon a set of macroscopic bioreactions that resumes the information contained in the corresponding metabolic network. \nSuch a set of macroscopic bioreactions is obtained by translating the set of Elementary Flux Modes which are well-known tools in the System Biology community. The Elementary Flux Modes are described in the theory of Convex Analysis. They represent pathways across metabolic networks. Once the set of Elementary Flux Modes is computed and translated into macroscopic bioreactions, a general model could be obtained for the type of culture under investigation. However, depending on the size and the complexity of the metabolic network, such a model could contain hundreds, and even thousands, of bioreactions. Since the reaction kinetics of such bioreactions are parametrized with at least one parameter that needs to be identified, the reduction of the general model to a more manageable size is desirable. \nConvex Analysis provides further results that allow for the selection of a macroscopic bioreaction subset. This selection is based on the data collected from the available experiments. The selected bioreactions then allow for the construction of a model for the experiments at hand.
Discovery of <i>O-</i> GlcNAc Transferase Inhibitors (2005)

O-GlcNAcylation of serine and threonine residues is a dynamic and essential post-translational modification involved in signaling pathways in eukaryotes. Studies of O-GlcNAcylation would be aided by small-molecule inhibitors of O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), the sole enzyme know to mediate this modification, but discovery of such molecules has been hampered by poor expression of cloned OGT and lack of suitable high-throughput screens. This Communication describes the development an expression system to access large amounts of the catalytic domain of OGT and the implementation of a fluorescence-based substrate analogue displacement assay that has led to the discovery of a set of OGT inhibitors. This work lays the foundation for both structural and functional analysis of the catalytic domain of OGT.
Guided SH-SAW sensors for liquid-phase detection (2002)

The design and performance of guided shear horizontal surface acoustic wave (guided SH-SAW) devices on LiTaO/sub 3/ substrates are investigated for high sensitivity biochemical sensor in liquids. The device sensitivity to mass and viscoelastic loading is increased using a thin guiding layer of (cross-linked or cured) poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or cyanoethylcellulose (CEC) on the device surface. The devices have been tested in biosensing and chemical sensing experiments. Suitable design principles for these applications are discussed with regard to wave guidance, electrical passivation of the interdigital transducers (IDT) from the liquid environments, acoustic loss and sensor signal distortion. In biosensing experiments, using optimal PMMA thickness of approximately 2 /spl mu/m, mass sensitivity greater than 1500 Hz/(ng/mm/sup 2/) is demonstrated, resulting in a minimum detection limit less than 20 pg/mm/sup 2/. For chemical sensor experiments, it is found that optimal waveguide thickness must be modified to account for the chemically sensitive layer.
Structure-Activity Analysis of Niclosamide Reveals Potential Role for Cytoplasmic pH in Control of Mammalian Target of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1) Signaling (2012)

Mammalian target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling is frequently dysregulated in cancer. Inhibition of mTORC1 is thus regarded as a promising strategy in the treatment of tumors with elevated mTORC1 activity. We have recently identified niclosamide (a Food and Drug Administration-approved antihelminthic drug) as an inhibitor of mTORC1 signaling. In the present study, we explored possible mechanisms by which niclosamide may inhibit mTORC1 signaling. We tested whether niclosamide interferes with signaling cascades upstream of mTORC1, the catalytic activity of mTOR, or mTORC1 assembly. We found that niclosamide does not impair PI3K/Akt signaling, nor does it inhibit mTORC1 kinase activity. We also found that niclosamide does not interfere with mTORC1 assembly. Previous studies in helminths suggest that niclosamide disrupts pH homeostasis of the parasite. This prompted us to investigate whether niclosamide affects the pH balance of cancer cells. Experiments in both breast cancer cells and cell-free systems demonstrated that niclosamide possesses protonophoric activity in cells and in vitro. In cells, niclosamide dissipated protons (down their concentration gradient) from lysosomes to the cytosol, effectively lowering cytoplasmic pH. Notably, analysis of five niclosamide analogs revealed that the structural features of niclosamide required for protonophoric activity are also essential for mTORC1 inhibition. Furthermore, lowering cytoplasmic pH by means other than niclosamide treatment (e.g. incubation with propionic acid or bicarbonate withdrawal) recapitulated the inhibitory effects of niclosamide on mTORC1 signaling, lending support to a possible role for cytoplasmic pH in the control of mTORC1. Our data illustrate a potential mechanism for chemical inhibition of mTORC1 signaling involving modulation of cytoplasmic pH.
Confronting Catastrophe: A GIS Handbook (2002)

Confronting Catastrophe: A GIS Handbook demonstrates how the digital mapping and analysis tools of GIS technology can be critical for comprehensive preparation and quick response to disastrous events. This book takes readers through the five stages of management: identification and planning, mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery and shows how GIS processes can be incorporated into each. With full-color maps, checklists, and the hard lessons learned from the real world of catastrophe response and preparedness, Confronting Catastrophe is a hands-on manual for GIS practitioners and decision makers whose communities face the threat of large-scale disasters.
l-DOPA modifies the antidepressant-like effects of reboxetine and fluoxetine in rats (2012)

Nowadays the most widely used antidepressants are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI) or noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors (NRI), however, these take four to eight weeks to exert their effects and each drug is efficacious only in 60-70% of patients. In an attempt to improve the efficacy of antidepressants, new drugs that also modify dopamine levels are being developed. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of l-DOPA administration on the effect elicited by antidepressants on serotonergic and noradrenergic neurotransmission. To this end, single-unit extracellular recordings of the noradrenergic nucleus, locus coeruleus (LC), and the serotonergic nucleus, dorsal raphe (DRN) combined with behavioural approaches were performed. l-DOPA did not modify the basal neuronal activity in either the LC or the DRN or induce any change in the modified forced swimming test. However, l-DOPA enhanced the neuronal response to reboxetine in the LC and increased its antidepressant-like effects but counteracted the effect of fluoxetine on neurons in the LC and decreased its antidepressant-like effect. The sensitivity of neurons in the DRN to reboxetine and fluoxetine was not altered by the administration of l-DOPA. Taken together, these results indicate that l-DOPA modifies the effect of SSRI and NRI antidepressants in opposing ways.
Improved Particle Size Distribution Measurements Using Multiangle Dynamic Light Scattering. 2. Refinements and Applications (1996)

Dynamic light scattering (DLS) is widely used for particle size determination in the sub-micrometer range. The utility of combining simultaneous multiangle DLS and static light scattering (SLS) in obtaining more robust and reproducible particle size distributions has recently been demonstrated (Langmuir 1995, 11, 2480−2485). This approach yields excellent results but is tedious and demands high-quality SLS data which, in turn, require a sophisticated and high-quality photometer system. In this paper we investigate ways to improve further the attractiveness of this approach by examining two possible schemes to reduce the experimental overhead in these measurements. We consider combining SLS measurements with only a few angles of DLS data and also recording only DLS data at many angles and iteratively reconstructing the SLS data during the data analysis. We show that in the latter case it is possible to obtain particle size distribution results as good as those obtained with simultaneous multiangle DLS and SLS, by doing DLS at 10 scattering angles and perhaps as few as 5 angles. This approach has a number of advantages including shorter measurement times and the ability to use lower quality photometer systems which may not be capable of precision SLS measurements.
Effects of rapid thermal annealing on the optical properties of 1.3 μm InGaAlAs multiquantum wells grown by digital-alloy molecular-beam epitaxy (2002)

We investigated the effect of rapid thermal annealing (RTA) on the optical properties of digital-alloy 1.3 μm InGaAlAs multiquantum-well structure grown by molecular-beam epitaxy at RTA temperature (TRTA) in the range of 400 °C–675 °C. Photoluminescence (PL) peak intensity taken at room temperature rose drastically at TRTA above 625 °C, which increased up to ∼500 times larger at TRTA of 650 °C and RTA time of 60 s than that of as-grown sample without any significant shift of PL peak wavelength. This extraordinary increase of PL peak intensity at TRTA⩾625 °C is attributed to the curing of nonradiative centers mainly in InAlAs grown at a lower temperature than its congruent temperature, and partially at the heterointerfaces between InGaAs/InAlAs short-period superlattices.
Parallel three-dimensional sensing by color-coded triangulation (1993)

We discuss a three-dimensional sensor that combines coded illumination and triangulation. The sensor supplies the distance of ~ 250,000 object pixels (TV format) in 40 ms (one single TV frame period). Themethod is based on the following principle: a color spectrum of a white-light source is imaged onto the object by illumination from one certain direction. The object is observed by a color TV camera from a direction of observation, which is different from the direction of illumination. The color (hue) of each pixel is a measure of its distance from a reference plane. It can be evaluated by the three (red-green-blue) output channels of the CCD camera. This evaluation can be implemented within TV real time. Even colored objects can be measured. The resolution achieved is 50-150 depth steps.
A Differential Dual-Polarized SIW Cavity-Backed Slot Antenna (2019)

A compact, low-profile, and dual-polarized differential slot antenna with high isolation and high common-mode rejection is presented in this communication. The antenna is composed of a cross-shaped slot backed by a square substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) cavity. The two differential pairs of grounded coplanar waveguide are used for the excitation of the differential signals. These differential signals excite the diagonal TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">120</sub> and TE <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">210</sub> modes of the SIW cavity. The proposed antenna offers a differential gain of 7.4 dBi with a front-to-back ratio of 22 dB. A prototype of the designed differential antenna is fabricated as a proof of concept. The experimental results show that the proposed antenna is a good candidate for various X-band applications.
American Society of Plastic Surgeons: The State of the Organization (2002)

Columbia, Mo. Received for publication October 19, 2001. Presented as The American Society of Plastic Surgeons Presidential Speech, in Los Angeles, California, on October 16, 2000. C. Lin Puckett, M.D. Division of Plastic Surgery University of Missouri One Hospital Drive, M349 Columbia, Mo. 65212
Task dependent information management in a dynamic environment: concept and measurement issues (2002)

Task dependent information management coordinates tailored displays of information with specific operator tasks. We begin this paper by describing the potential benefits of task dependent information management, and then address the performance measures we have adopted to refine and develop the software to achieve information management in a dynamic environment.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Isolation of cDNA clones encoding an enzyme from bovine cells that repairs oxidative DNA damage<i>in vitro</i>: homology with bacterial repair enzymes (1991)

Ionizing radiation and radiomimetic compounds, such as hydrogen peroxide and bleomycin, generate DNA strand breaks with fragmented deoxyribose 3' termini via the formation of oxygen-derived free radicals. These fragmented sugars require removal by enzymes with 3' phosphodiesterase activity before DNA synthesis can proceed. An enzyme that reactivates bleomycin-damaged DNA to a substrate for Klenow polymerase has been purified from calf thymus. The enzyme, which has a Mr of 38,000 on SDS-PAGE, also reactivates hydrogen peroxide-damaged DNA and has an associated apurinic/apyrimidinic (AP) endonuclease activity. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the purified protein matches that reported previously for a calf thymus enzyme purified on the basis of AP endonuclease activity. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers based on this sequence were used in the polymerase chain reaction to generate from a bovine cDNA library a fragment specific for the 5' end of the coding sequence. Using this cDNA fragment as a probe, several clones containing 1.35 kb cDNA inserts were isolated and the complete nucleotide sequence of one of these determined. This revealed an 0.95 kb open reading frame which would encode a polypeptide of Mr 35,500 and with a N-terminal sequence matching that determined experimentally. The predicted amino acid sequence shows strong homology with the sequences of two bacterial enzymes that repair oxidative DNA damage, ExoA protein of S. pneumoniae and exonuclease III of E. coli.
Self-reconfiguration planning with compressible unit modules (2003)

We discuss a robotic system composed of crystalline modules. Crystalline modules can aggregate together to form distributed robot systems. Crystalline modules can move relative to each other by expanding and contracting. This actuation mechanism permits automated shape metamorphosis. We describe the crystalline module concept and show the basic motions that enable a crystalline robot system to self-reconfigure. We present an algorithm for general self-reconfiguration and describe simulation experiments.