gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
H-NS Mediates the Silencing of Laterally Acquired Genes in Bacteria (2006)

Histone-like nucleoid structuring protein (H-NS) is a modular protein that is associated with the bacterial nucleoid. We used chromatin immunoprecipitation to determine the binding sites of H-NS and RNA polymerase on the Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium chromosome. We found that H-NS does not bind to actively transcribed genes and does not co-localize with RNA polymerase. This shows that H-NS principally silences gene expression by restricting the access of RNA polymerase to the DNA. H-NS had previously been shown to preferentially bind to curved DNA in vitro. In fact, at the genomic level we discovered that the level of H-NS binding correlates better with the AT-content of DNA. This is likely to have evolutionary consequences because we show that H-NS binds to many Salmonella genes acquired by lateral gene transfer, and functions as a gene silencer. The removal of H-NS from the cell causes un-controlled expression of several Salmonella pathogenicity islands, and we demonstrate that this has deleterious consequences for bacterial fitness. Our discovery of this novel role for H-NS may have implications for the acquisition of foreign genes by enteric bacteria.
Oxidized Ta<inf>2</inf>O<inf>5</inf>/Si<inf>3</inf>N<inf>4</inf>dielectric films for ultimate-STC dRAMs (1986)

A new dielectric film technology characterized by a novel multilayer structure (Ta <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> /SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> /Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> ) on poly-silicon is developed to realize high-density dRAMs. The SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> interface is grown by dry oxidation of the Ta <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> O <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</inf> /Si <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> N <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">4</inf> layers at temperatures higher than 900°C. This film has a capacitance per unit area from 5.5 to 6.0 fF/µm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , which is equivalent to 6.0 to 6.5nm thick SiO <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> . The leakage current at an effective electric field of 5MV/cm is less than 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-9</sup> A/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , and the extrapolated time to failure (TDDB) is longer than 1000 years.
A portable non-invasive blood glucose monitoring device (2014)

Diabetes is known as one of the life threatening diseases in the world that occurs not only among adults and elderly, but also among infants and children. Blood glucose measurements are essential for diabetes patients to determine their insulin dose intake and continuous monitoring is vital to ensure that glucose level is always within the normal range. The commonly used methods to measure glucose level in blood are invasive which are high in accuracy but are usually painful and has higher risk of infections. As an alternative, non-invasive techniques are introduced to develop pain free glucose measuring methods. In this paper, a portable non-invasive blood glucose monitoring device is developed using near infrared sensors. Besides being able to detect glucose concentration in blood, the device is also able to display the glucose level and the required insulin dose, corresponding to the body mass index (BMI) of the user. Several in vitro and in vivo experiments proved the reliability of the device. Results of the experiments proved that the device is reliable in glucose detection with 4% - 16% accuracy compared to the common invasive finger-prick method.
Suboptimal Transmission of Orthogonal Space–Time Block Codes Over Correlated Distributed Antennas (2007)

This letter investigates optimal transmission of orthogonal space-time block codes (OSTBCs) over distributed antennas (DAs) in non-ergodic flat Rayleigh fading channels with transmit antenna correlations. A generalized DA topology is considered, where the DAs are grouped into some geographically dispersed ports within each of which the DAs are co-located. Assuming equal power allocation within each port, the outage probability is derived. We find that minimizing the outage probability only requires the feedback of the eigenvalues of the transmit correlation matrix at the transmitter. Since it is computationally intensive to minimize the outage probability, an antenna subset selection with suboptimal power allocation scheme is proposed, whose effectiveness has been demonstrated by numerical results
Long-range electron transport in a self-organizing n-type organic material (2008)

Nondispersive time-of-flight electron transport has been observed in a self-organizing perylene diimide derivative, (3,4,5Pr)12G1-3-perylenetetracarboxyldiimide, yielding long-range transport mechanisms that correlate with molecular packing in several structural phases. The consistency of temperature and electric field dependences of electron mobility in the isotropic and columnar Φh1 phases with static rather than dynamic disorder formalisms provides a link between molecular packing, energetic and positional disorders, and magnitudes of mobility.
Detection of Insomnia in Primary Care (2015)

Insomnia is a widespread condition with diverse presentations. Detection and diagnosis of insomnia present a particular challenge to the primary care physician. Patients seldom identify their sleep habits as the source of the complaints for which they are seeking treatment. Insomnia may be the result of many different medical or psychiatric illnesses or the side effects of medications or legal or illegal recreational drugs. Insomnia has a serious impact on daily activities and can cause serious or fatal injuries. With ever-increasing competition with sleep from 24-hour television broadcasts from hundreds of channels and the Internet, as well as more traditional distractions of late-night movies, clubs, and bars, we have become a society that sleeps 25% less than our ancestors did a century ago. We have no evidence, however, that we require less sleep than they did. This article presents strategies for detecting and diagnosing insomnia.
Monoclonal antibodies against the human factor VIII von Willebrand molecule: characterization and potential for screening of von Willebrand patients. (1984)

Two new monoclonal antibodies (M.Abs) 4F91C5 and 202D3 which are capable of inhibiting ristocetin cofactor activity have been raised against high molecular weight detergent denatured Factor VIII/von Willebrand preparations. Characterized in a simple solid phase radioimmune binding assay (RIA) the binding activity of the two M.Abs can be shown to be absorbed by normal plasma, and plasma from type A hemophilia patients but not by plasma from patients suffering from severe von Willebrand disease. Both monoclonal antibodies are capable of inhibiting strongly the FVIII.vWF associated ristocetin cofactor activity. Competition radioimmune assays have shown that the two monoclonal antibodies recognize different epitopes on the Factor VIII/vWF molecule. This has been confirmed by the differential binding of the two M.Abs observed to monkey plasma. Whilst inhibition curves for the two M.Abs with normal plasma and FVIII/vWF preparations in solid phase RIA are similar, quite different reactivities with commercially available F VIII preparations have been found. The high sensitivity of these reagents for the FVIII/vWF molecule and their ability to inhibit strongly the associated biological activity suggest the potential usefulness of these monoclonal antibodies as diagnostic reagents.
Observation of Magnetic Excitations of Skyrmion Crystal in a Helimagnetic Insulator<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Cu</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>OSeO</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math> (2012)

We have investigated the low-energy dynamics of the triangular lattice of Skyrmions in a helimagnetic insulator Cu2OSeO3 in terms of microwave response. We have observed two elementary excitations of the Skyrmion with different polarization characteristics: the counterclockwise circulating mode at 1 GHz with the magnetic field polarization parallel to the Skyrmion plane and the breathing mode at 1.5 GHz with a perpendicular magnetic field polarization. These modes reflect the topological nature of Skyrmions and may play a central role in the Skyrmion dynamics.
Numerical Calculations of the Yield and Fano Factor According to van Roosbroeck's Statistical Model for Semiconductors (1967)

The yield and Fano factor of electron-hole pairs generated in semiconductors have been calculated by means of a numerical method based on van Roosbroeck's statistical model. The numerical approach allows easier further investigation on the model and gives results which fit previous Monte Carlo calculations better than analytical methods do.
Studies on the Adapter Molecule LAT (1999)

Characterization of the T-cell receptor (TCR) has beena decades-long pursuit culminating in the past severalyears with the description of the structure of the TCRbound to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC)molecule and peptide antigen (Garboczi et al. 1996; Garcia et al. 1996). This structural information and all theantigen-binding data that derive from the study of solubleTCR molecules and panels of peptide ligands should provide much insight into the events that take place outsidethe cell, at the receptor. For many years, we and othershave taken the complementary approach of seeking to understand T-cell biology by studying the elements andevents that define TCR function, inside the cell, and thesignaling pathways coupled to the TCR...
Hyperspectral image classification and dimensionality reduction: an orthogonal subspace projection approach (1994)

Most applications of hyperspectral imagery require processing techniques which achieve two fundamental goals: 1) detect and classify the constituent materials for each pixel in the scene; 2) reduce the data volume/dimensionality, without loss of critical information, so that it can be processed efficiently and assimilated by a human analyst. The authors describe a technique which simultaneously reduces the data dimensionality, suppresses undesired or interfering spectral signatures, and detects the presence of a spectral signature of interest. The basic concept is to project each pixel vector onto a subspace which is orthogonal to the undesired signatures. This operation is an optimal interference suppression process in the least squares sense. Once the interfering signatures have been nulled, projecting the residual onto the signature of interest maximizes the signal-to-noise ratio and results in a single component image that represents a classification for the signature of interest. The orthogonal subspace projection (OSP) operator can be extended to k-signatures of interest, thus reducing the dimensionality of k and classifying the hyperspectral image simultaneously. The approach is applicable to both spectrally pure as well as mixed pixels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Nonlinear Response Characteristics of the ISSC TLP in Time Domain (2006)

In tire presence of incident waves with different frequencies, there are second order sum and difference frequency wave exciting forces due to the nonlinearity of tire incident waves. Although the magnitude of these nonlinear wave forces are small, they act on TLPs at sum and difference frequencies away from those of the incident waves. So, the second order sum and difference frequency waveexciting forces occurring close to tire natural frequencies of TLPs often give greater contributions to high and law frequency resonant responses. Nonlinear motion responses and tension variations in the time domain are analyzed by solving the motion equations with nonlinear wave exciting forces using tire numerical analysismethod. The numerical results of time domain analysis for the nonlinear wave exciting forces on the ISSC TLP in regular waves are compared with the numerical and experimental ones of frequency domain analysis. The results of this comparison confirmed tire validity of the proposed approach.
Role of Water in Metamorphism (1955)

The role of water in metamorphism is determined by the independent variables rock pressure, temperature, water pressure, and the amount of water present. An analysis of the possible events that evolve in the regional metamorphism of an argillaceous sediment indicates that, if water flow takes place via pore spaces connected to the surface, the water-vapor pressure may be very low and in the extreme case may approach that at the surface. If the pore spaces are isolated, the water pressure may be equal to or slightly greater than the rock pressure, depending upon the strength and permeability of the rock. The mechanics of a representative metamorphic reaction are outlined under the two extreme conditions of water pressure with different flow rates and reaction rates. Water pressures lower than the rock pressure cause metamorphic reactions to run at lower temperatures. Experiments have been made under water pressures less than the total pressure. Differences in the water pressure from rock to rock may produce reversals in the normal sequence of isograds.
A polar coordinate-oriented method of identifying rotor flux and speed of induction motors without rotational transducers (1996)

In this paper, we propose a novel method of identifying rotor flux and speed of induction motors without rotational transducers. Our identification method does not involve any pure integration, which has been a main source of performance deterioration in most prior works. This is made possible by formulating the identification problem in the polar coordinate frame. It does not contain any parameters which need be re-tuned according to hardware configurations or operating conditions. Moreover, the motor speed does not have to vary slowly for the convergence of our flux and speed estimator. Various experimental results as well as a rigorous convergence analysis are presented to demonstrate the practical use and generality of our identification method. For our experimental work, we have built a prototype drive system, in which all algorithms for control and identification are implemented digitally on a digital signal processor.
Non dispersive, UWB, leaky lens radiated links (2010)

To demonstrate the ultra-wide bandwidth performance while retaining manageable lens dimensions, 12 GHz has been chosen as lowest operating frequency. The planar feed has been realized in standard printed circuit board (PCB) technology. The matching layers reduce the reflection at the dielectric/air interface and this is therefore the preferred implementation of the Leaky Lens antenna design. However, for applications at sub-mm wave frequencies the realization of the matching layers poses serious technological challenges. Thus, the performance degradation of the planarly fed Leaky Lens antenna without the matching layers has also been quantified. A link between two prototypes has been experimentally characterized. From the measured S-parameters, the pulse preserving property of the antenna link demonstrates the phase linearity and phase center stability of each antenna as well as the spectral amplitude preservation of the link. While the phase preserving properties arise from the Enhanced Leaky Lens radiation mechanism, the spectral amplitude preservation is strictly related to the specific geometry chosen for the dielectric lens.
Searching and Stopping (2015)

Searching naturally involves stopping points, both at a query level (how far down the ranked list should I go?) and at a session level (how many queries should I issue?). Understanding when searchers stop has been of much interest to the community because it is fundamental to how we evaluate search behaviour and performance. Research has shown that searchers find it difficult to formalise stopping criteria, and typically resort to their intuition of what is "good enough". While various heuristics and stopping criteria have been proposed, little work has investigated how well they perform, and whether searchers actually conform to any of these rules. In this paper, we undertake the first large scale study of stopping rules, investigating how they influence overall session performance, and which rules best match actual stopping behaviour. Our work is focused on stopping at the query level in the context of ad-hoc topic retrieval, where searchers undertake search tasks within a fixed time period. We show that stopping strategies based upon the disgust or frustration point rules - both of which capture a searcher's tolerance to non-relevance - typically result in (i) the best overall performance, and (ii) provide the closest approximation to actual searcher behaviour, although a fixed depth approach also performs remarkably well. Findings from this study have implications regarding how we build measures, and how we conduct simulations of search behaviours.
A Model Of Low‐Temperature Water Transport For Hepatocyte Spheroids<sup>a</sup> (1998)

Spheroids are multicellular aggregates that exhibit a more tissue-like morphology and function when compared to monolayer cultures of the same cells. Hepatocyte spheroids are presently under investigation for use of an artificial liver. The ability to cryopreserve hepatocyte spheroids is essential for their clinical and commercial application. A multicompartment model was formulated to predict water content as a function of temperature during freezing. The theoretical predictions of water transport indicate that there will be spatial differences in water content of the spheroid during freezing and that due to the rapid decrease in water transport with decreasing temperature, the undercooling of the intracellular solution during freezing will increase steadily. These results indicate that conventional freezing of hepatocyte spheroids will be difficult to accomplish due to transport limitations in the spheroids.
Apigenin sensitizes doxorubicin-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma BEL-7402/ADM cells to doxorubicin via inhibiting PI3K/Akt/Nrf2 pathway (2013)

Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a redox- sensitive transcription factor regulating expression of a number of cytoprotective genes. Recently, Nrf2 has emerged as an important contributor to chemoresistance in cancer therapy. In the present study, we found that non-toxic dose of apigenin (APG) significantly sensitizes doxorubicin-resistant BEL-7402 (BEL-7402/ADM) cells to doxorubicin (ADM) and increases intracellular concentration of ADM. Mechanistically, APG dramatically reduced Nrf2 expression at both the messenger RNA and protein levels through downregulation of PI3K/Akt pathway, leading to a reduction of Nrf2-downstream genes. In BEL-7402 xenografts, APG and ADM cotreatment inhibited tumor growth, reduced cell proliferation and induced apoptosis more substantially when compared with ADM treatment alone. These results clearly demonstrate that APG can be used as an effective adjuvant sensitizer to prevent chemoresistance by downregulating Nrf2 signaling pathway.
Tumor reversion: Correction of malignant behavior by microenvironmental cues (2003)

Cancer is characterized by unrestrained proliferation and loss of organization, a process that is intimately linked to, and controlled by, reciprocal signaling between the genetically altered tumor epithelium, the stroma, the components of the basement membrane and inflammatory mediators. Much work has been done to characterize the genetics of cancer cells. In this review, we describe the experiments that have been performed, which point to the significant role of the tissue microenvironment in the developmental regulation of normal and neoplastic cells. Using a variety of model systems, the works of a number of laboratories have converged on a hypothesis where the correction of 1 or 2 signaling defects can revert tumor cells to a normal phenotype, both in vivo and in culture, even when the tumor cells possess multiple genetic and epigenetic lesions. This paradigm has been successfully used to treat acute promyelocytic leukemia, and it remains the task of biomedical researchers to identify additional targets for the reversion of other human malignancies.
A High-Mr Glycoprotein Fraction from Cow’s Milk Potent in Inhibiting Replication of Human Rotavirus<i>in Vitro</i> (1999)

Rotavirus is the major cause of infectious diarrhea in infants and young children all over the world. We have found that a high-M(r) glycoprotein fraction from cow's milk is potent in inhibiting replication of human rotaviruses in vitro. Since the activity seems to be unique and specific, this fraction may be useful as a novel agent for treatment or prevention of rotavirus diarrhea.
Maskless Patterning of Ferrite Film by Selected Area Film Growth in Aqueous Solution by “Laser-Enhanced Ferrite Plating” (1992)

By irradiating substrate with Ar-laser (λ=514.5 nm) beams, Fe 3 O 4 films were deposited in an aqueous solution at a rate as high as ∼660 nm/min. By synchronously moving the substrate during the plating process, we successfully drew letters of ferrite film patterned on a glass substrate by selected area growth without using any masks. This technique is useful for fabricating fine-patterned ferrite film devices ( e.g ., microwave circulators and isolators) using as a substrate such non-heat-resistant materials as GaAs ICs.
Monitoring and analysis of syphilis in pregnant women in Baoshan District, Shanghai (2012)

Objective To explore the epidemiologic feature of maternal syphilis and the status of prevention and control of the disease in Baoshan District. Methods Syphilis monitoring data of pregnant women were analyzed retrospectively in Baoshan district of Shanghai from 2004 to 2009. Results The positive rate of syphilis in pregnant women was 0.31％ ( 195/63 227 ).Among them,residing and migratory pregnant women accounted for 0.17％ (37/22 287) and 0.39％ (158/40 940) respectively (X2 =22.699,P ＜0.01 ). A total of 145 cases received the examination of treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA).And 136 cases were positive.The positive rate of rapid plasma reagin test (RPR) was 51.35％(19/37) in residing early pregnant women and 24.68％ (39/158) in migratory counterparts (X2 =22.192,P =0.000).And 152 cases were followed up to record pregnancy outcomes,including normal delivery of live births ( n =146 ),artificial termination of pregnancy ( n =3 ),stillbirth and spontaneous abortion ( n =3). Forty-three cases became lost. And the rate of loss was 22.78％ (36/158) in migratory pregnant women and 18.92％ (7/37) in residing counterparts. Conclusions It is imperative to improve the prevention and control mechanisms of pregnancy syphilis and the model of consulting services. We should also pay more attention to screening and follow-up work in migratory pregnant women.

Key words: 
Syphilis; Pregnant women; Mass screening