gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A new trajectory concept for exploring the earth's geomagnetic tail (1981)

An innovative trajectory technique for a magnetotail mapping mission is described which can control the apsidal rotation of an elliptical earth orbit and keep its apogee segment inside the tail region. The required apsidal rotation rate of approximately 1 deg/day is achieved by using the moon to carry out a prescribed sequence of gravity-assist maneuvers. Apogee distances are alternately raised and lowered by the lunar-swingby maneuvers; several categories of the 'sun-synchronous' swingby trajectories are identified. The strength and flexibility of the new trajectory concept is demonstrated by using real-world simulations showing that a large variety of trajectory shapes can be used to explore the earth's geomagnetic tail between 60 and 250 R sub E.
Relationship between different sources of drinking water, water quality improvement and gastric cancer mortality in Changle County-A retrospective-cohort study in high incidence area (1998)

AIM:To investigate the relationship between different sources of drinking water supply, water quality improvement and gastric cancer mortality rate in a high risk area.METHODS: A retrospective-cohort survey was carried out in all towns of this county to study the effect of different sources of drinking water supply and water quality improvement on gastric cancer mortality rate.RESULTS: The gastric cancer mortality rate among the population 124.05/10(5) drinking river water was obviously higher than that of drinking shallow well water (74.85/10(5)) (P < 0.01) according to the Zhanggang Town 16 years accumulated data. The same pattern was presented in 7 towns after balancing the confounders. The gastric cancer mortality rate of population drinking river water was 86.03/10(5), which was higher than those drinking shallow well water (62.03/10(5)) and tap water (29.78/10(5))(P < 0.01). When the drinking water switched from river and well water to tap water, the gastric cancer incidence decreased to 30.33/10(5) and 26.10/10(5), and the gastric cancer mortality decreased by 59% and 57% respectively.CONCLUSION: The quality of drinking water is one of the important factors of increased incidence of gastric cancer in Changle County, and water quality improvement has a beneficial effect, but the cause of high gastric cancer incidence may be multi-factorial in this area.
<title>Holographic transmission gratings improve spectroscopy and ultrafast laser performances</title> (1995)

The application of dichromated gelatin holographic transmission gratings to spectroscopy, spectral filtering, and ultrafast lasers is discussed. Volume holographic gratings provide advantages over conventional dispersing elements including higher diffraction efficiencies, simple alignments, and greater ease of handling. This paper identifies the design parameters used to define the basic grating and then expands to describe the considerations necessary when the grating is a volume holographic grating. A general description is provided of the holographic process used to produce the volume gratings identifying key process steps and concerns.
Aroylnitrile oxide cyclizations. <b>1</b>. Synthesis of (3‐aroyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl)acetic acids (1987)

Abstract Intrermolecular cyclization of 1,3‐dipolar aroylnitrile oxides to malononitrile provided a viable approach to a variety of novel (3‐aroyl‐1,2,4‐oxadiazol‐5‐yl)acetic acid derivatives.
Droplet size and shape effects in nematic droplet/polymer films (1990)

Control over the operating voltage of nematic droplet/polymer films continues to be an important area of
development in this class of devices. Our recent work in this area has included both materials modifications in order to
alter the reorientation voltages of these films, as well as efforts to tie theory to experimental results. Here, we present
evidence which shows that the shape of nematic droplets in these films is important in determining the operating
voltage of a film. Specifically, we show two film systems in which the nematic droplets adopt the shape of oblate spheroids,
but differ in the amount of eccentricity of the droplets. The more distorted droplets require higher reorientation
fields, consistent with the model of the volume elastic deformation free energy as a major factor affecting the
reorientation fields of these films.
We also demonstrate that the apparent operating voltage of a film depends on which property of the film is being
measured. Measurements based on film scattering, dichroism, and capacitance are presented, and the implications of
these measurements with regards to apparent film operating voltages discussed.
SHAPING EXHALE DURATIONS FOR BREATH CO DETECTION FOR MEN WITH MILD MENTAL RETARDATION (2002)

Roll, Higgins, and Badger (1996) used a carbon monoxide (CO) detector to determine whether participants smoked in a smoking-cessation study. We sought to replicate their work with adults with mild mental retardation. However, verbal instructions were inadequate to establish stable exhalations of sufficient durations for reliable and accurate CO evaluation. This report describes a shaping procedure that enabled 3 of 4 participants to achieve 20-s exhalation durations.
Improved quantification for Tc-94m PET imaging (2001)

The positron emitter Tc-94m (52.5-min half-life) has the potential to improve quantification of tracers currently labeled with Tc-99m. The successful production of Tc-94m and the development of an accurate multiisotope decay correction have improved quantification for Tc-94m positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. However, the presence of gamma rays emitted in coincidence with the positrons produces an apparent increase in scatter of 40% to 90%. Furthermore, the contaminant positron emitter Tc-94 (293-min half-life) produced with Tc-94m also has positron-coincident gammas, so the effect is time-dependent. In this study, modification of the kernel parameters of the Bergstrom two-dimensional (2-D) scatter correction is proposed as a simple way to improve technetium PET quantification. Parameter optimization was performed using line source scatter phantom data for F-18 and technetium for a variety of positions in cylindrical and elliptical phantoms over a 3-h period. The accuracy of the correction was evaluated with remnant scatter fraction measurements using uniformly filled phantoms with 5-cm cold cylindrical inserts. On average, remnant 2-D scatter fractions of 10/spl plusmn/3% were observed when parameters optimized for F-18 were used. The use of parameters optimized for technetium reduced the remnant scatter fractions to 1/spl plusmn/3%, showing that accurate quantification with Tc-94m can be achieved.
Algorithms for modeling anatomic and target volumes in image‐guided neurosurgery and radiotherapy (2002)

The use of image‐guidance in surgery and radiotherapy has significantly improved patient outcome in neurosurgery and radiotherapy treatments. This work developed volume definition and verification techniques for image‐guided applications, using a number of algorithms ranging from image processing to visualization. Stereoscopic visualization, volumetric tumor model overlaid on an ultrasound image, and visualization of the treatment geometry were experimented with on a neurosurgical workstation. Visualization and volume definition tools were developed for radiotherapy treatment planning system. The magnetic resonance inhomogeneity correction developed in this work, possibly the first published data‐driven method with wide applicability, automatically mitigates the radio‐frequency (RF) field inhomogeneity artifact present in magnetic resonance images. Correcting the RF inhomogeneity improves the accuracy of the generated volumetric models. Various techniques to improve region growing are also presented. The simplex search method and combinatory similarity terms were used to improve the similarity function with a low additional computational cost and high yield in region correctness. Moreover, the effects of different priority queue implementations were studied. A fast algorithm for calculating high‐quality digitally reconstructed radiographs has been developed and shown to better meet typical radiotherapy needs than the two alternative algorithms. A novel visualization method, beam's light view, is presented. It uses texture mapping for projecting the fluence of a radiation field on an arbitrary surface. This work describes several improved algorithms for image processing, segmentation, and visualization used in image‐guided treatment systems. These algorithms increase the accuracy of image‐guidance, which can further improve the applicability and efficiency of image‐guided treatments.
Microstructure Feature Recognition for Materials Using Surfacelet-Based Methods for Computer-Aided Design-Material Integration (2014)

With the material processing freedoms of additive manufacturing (AM), the ability to characterize and control material microstructures is essential if part designers are to properly design parts. To integrate material information into Computer-aided design (CAD) systems, geometric features of material microstructure must be recognized and represented, which is the focus of this paper. Linear microstructure features, such as fibers or grain boundaries, can be found computationally from microstructure images using surfacelet based methods, which include the Radon or Radon-like transform followed by a wavelet transform. By finding peaks in the transform results, linear features can be recognized and characterized by length, orientation, and position. The challenge is that often a feature will be imprecisely represented in the transformed parameter space. In this paper, we demonstrate surfacelet-based methods to recognize microstructure features in parts fabricated by AM. We will provide an explicit computational method to recognize and to quantify linear geometric features from an image.
Three-Dimensional HepaRG Model As An Attractive Tool for Toxicity Testing (2012)

The culture of HepaRG cells as three dimensional (3D) structures in the spinner-bioreactor may represent added value as a hepatic system for toxicological purposes. The use of a cost-effective commercially available bioreactor, which is compatible with high-throughput cell analysis, constitutes an attractive approach for routine use in the drug testing industry. In order to assess specific aspects of the biotransformation capacity of the bioreactor-based HepaRG system, the induction of CYP450 enzymes (i.e., CYP1A2, 2B6, 2C9, and 3A4) and the activity of the phase II enzyme, uridine diphosphate glucuronoltransferase (UGT), were tested. The long-term functionality of the system was demonstrated by 7-week stable profiles of albumin secretion, CYP3A4 induction, and UGT activities. Immunofluorescence-based staining showed formation of tissue-like arrangements including bile canaliculi-like structures and polar distribution of transporters. The use of in silico models to analyze the in vitro data related to hepatotoxic activity of acetaminophen (APAP) demonstrated the advantage of the integration of kinetic and dynamic aspects for a better understanding of the in vitro cell behavior. The bioactivation of APAP and its related cytotoxicity was assessed in a system compatible to high-throughput screening. The approach also proved to be a good strategy to reduce the time necessary to obtain fully differentiated cell cultures. In conclusion, HepaRG cells cultured in 3D spinner-bioreactors are an attractive tool for toxicological studies, showing a liver-like performance and demonstrating a practical applicability for toxicodynamic approaches.
Investigation of human identification using two-lead Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals (2010)

In this paper, we investigate the applicability of Electrocardiogram (ECG) signals for human identification. Wavelet Transform (WT) and Independent Component Analysis (ICA) methods are applied to extract morphological features that appear to offer excellent discrimination among subjects. The proposed method is aimed at the two-lead ECG configuration that is routinely used in long-term continuous monitoring of heart activity. The information from the two ECG leads is fused to achieve improved subject identification. The proposed method was tested on three public ECG databases, namely, MIT-BIH Arrhythmias Database, Ml T-BIH Normal Sinus Rhythm Database and Long-Term ST Database, in order to evaluate the proposed subject identification method on normal ECG signals as well as ECG signals with arrhythmias. Excellent rank-1 recognition rates (as high as 99.6%) were achieved based on single heartbeats. The proposed method exhibits good identification accuracies not just with the normal ECG signals, but also in the presence of various arrhythmias. This work adds to the growing evidence that ECG signals can be useful for human identification.
Immunity to Escherichia coli in Pigs: Effect of Feeding Colostrum or Serum from Vaccinated Sows to Escherichia coli-Infected Gnotobiotic Pigs (1971)

SUMMARY A comparison was made between the protective values of colostrum and serum from nonvaccinated sows and from sows vaccinated with Escherichia coli vaccine against coliform enteritis in gnotobiotic pigs. The colostrum or serum from sows vaccinated by the intramammary route or by the intramuscular route increased the survival times of infected gnotobiotic pigs. Colostrum or serum from intramammary vaccinated sows appeared to give more protection to newborn pigs than did colostrum or serum from intramuscular inoculated sows. Serum or colostrum from normal nonvaccinated sows had no effect on survival times of newborn pigs when compared to those of pigs given no colostrum or serum.
Isolation and minimization of head motion‐induced signal variations in fMRI data using independent component analysis (2006)

Task-related head movement during acquisition of fMRI data represents a serious confound for both motion correction and estimates of task-related activation. Cost functions implemented in most conventional motion-correction algorithms compare two volumes for similarity but fail to account for signal variability that is not due to motion (e.g., brain activation). We therefore recently proposed the theoretical basis for a novel method for fMRI motion correction, termed motion-corrected independent component analysis (MCICA), that allows for brain activation present in an fMRI time-series to be implicitly modeled and mitigates motion-induced signal changes without having to directly estimate the motion parameters (Liao et al., IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2005;25:29-44). To explore the effects of non-movement-related signal changes on registration error, we performed several previously proposed test simulations (Freire et al., IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 2002;21:470-484) to evaluate the performance of MCICA and compare it with the conventional square-of-difference-based measures such as LS-SPM and LS-AIR. We demonstrate that for both simulated data and real fMRI images, the proposed MCICA method performs favorably. Specifically, in simulations MCICA was more robust to the addition of simulated activation, and did not lead to the detection of false activations after correction for simulated task-correlated motion. With actual data from a motor fMRI experiment, the time course of the derived continually task-related ICA component became more correlated with the underlying behavioral task after preprocessing with MCICA compared to other methods, and the associated activation map was more clustered in the primary motor and supplementary motor cortices without spurious activation at the brain edge. We conclude that assessing the statistical properties of a motion-corrupted volume in relation to other volumes in the series, as is done with MCICA, is an accurate means of differentiating between motion-induced signal changes and other sources of variability in fMRI data.
The French commitment to European monetary integration: A review of the two EMS crises (1981–83, 1992–93) (2004)

This paper focuses on the process of exchange rate management during the two European Monetary System(EMS) crises, in 1981–83 and 1992–93, and examines the factors which led the French governments to adhere to the EMS. France's strong franc (franc fort) policy is a useful test case for maintaining national commitment to European monetary integration. The origin of the franc fort policy can be traced back to the exchange rate crisis of 1981–83. By actively supporting European institutions and emphasizing the emergence of a strong and united European common currency, France discovered the way to bolster confidence in her economic policy. Beyond this focal point, political justification and economic rationality became mutually reinforcing, configuring French national preference in European monetary integration. The response of the French government to the EMS crisis of 1992–93 was more consistent compared to the response to the 1981–83 crisis, and reflected the accumulation of loyalty to European monetary integration. This loyalty, however, was made neither from purely economic calculation nor out of normative commitment French European monetary policy reflected the interaction between domestic politics and European monetary integration. The French commitment to the franc fort also was based on domestic political bases such as the existence of a core policy group, a centralized policy‐making structure, and an issue linkage between the franc fort and European integration.
Proapoptotic effects of P. aeruginosa involve inhibition of surfactant phosphatidylcholine synthesis (2006)

Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes sepsis-induced acute lung injury, a disorder associated with deficiency of surfactant phosphatidylcholine (PtdCho). P. aeruginosa (PA103) utilizes a type III secretion system (TTSS) to induce programmed cell death. Herein, we observed that PA103 reduced alveolar PtdCho levels, resulting in impaired lung biophysical activity, an effect partly attributed to caspase-dependent cleavage of the key PtdCho biosynthetic enzyme, CTP:phosphocholine cytidylyltransferase-alpha (CCTalpha). Expression of recombinant CCTalpha variants harboring point mutations at putative caspase cleavage sites in murine lung epithelia resulted in partial proteolytic resistance of CCTalpha to PA103. Further, caspase-directed CCTalpha degradation, decreased PtdCho levels, and cell death in murine lung epithelia were lessened after exposure of cells to bacterial strains lacking the TTSS gene product, exotoxin U (ExoU), but not ExoT. These observations suggest that during the proapoptotic program driven by P. aeruginosa, deleterious effects on phospholipid metabolism are mediated by a TTSS in concert with caspase activation, resulting in proteolysis of a key surfactant biosynthetic enzyme.
Identification o f the Major Anthocyanin o f Carrot Cells in Tissue Culture as Cyanidin 3-(Sinapoylxylosylglucosylgalactoside) (1983)

In contrast to earlier reports, the major anthocyanin of carrot cells grown in tissue culture has been identified as cyanidin 3-(sinapoylxylosylglucosylgalactoside). It is thus the same as one of the major acylated pigments in the leaf and flower of the whole plant. Daucus carota is therefore not anomalous among higher plants in its anthocyaninsynthesising capacity in callus or shake culture
Arpag Mekhitarian (1911-2004) (2005)

info:eu-repo/semantics/published
M3: Stream Processing on Main-Memory MapReduce (2012)

The continuous growth of social web applications along with the development of sensor capabilities in electronic devices is creating countless opportunities to analyze the enormous amounts of data that is continuously steaming from these applications and devices. To process large scale data on large scale computing clusters, MapReduce has been introduced as a framework for parallel computing. However, most of the current implementations of the MapReduce framework support only the execution of fixed-input jobs. Such restriction makes these implementations inapplicable for most streaming applications, in which queries are continuous in nature, and input data streams are continuously received at high arrival rates. In this demonstration, we showcase M3, a prototype implementation of the MapReduce framework in which continuous queries over streams of data can be efficiently answered. M3 extends Hadoop, the open source implementation of MapReduce, bypassing the Hadoop Distributed File System (HDFS) to support main-memory-only processing. Moreover, M3 supports continuous execution of the Map and Reduce phases where individual Mappers and Reducers never terminate.
Natural language watermarking (2005)

In this paper we discuss natural language watermarking, which uses the structure of the sentence constituents in natural language text in order to insert a watermark. This approach is different from techniques, collectively referred to as "text watermarking," which embed information by modifying the appearance of text elements, such as lines, words, or characters. We provide a survey of the current state of the art in natural language watermarking and introduce terminology, techniques, and tools for text processing. We also examine the parallels and differences of the two watermarking domains and outline how techniques from the image watermarking domain may be applicable to the natural language watermarking domain.
WebPlug: A framework for the Web of Things (2010)

We present WebPlug, a framework for the emerging Web of Things. It consists of several building blocks which ease integration of things, including their sensors and actuators with the Web. For example, WebPlug supports versioning of and eventing for arbitrary Web resources, like sensor readings, thus simplifying the process of creating physical mash-ups. After providing an analysis that led to the development of WebPlug, we present selected aspects of its design.We complete the paper by presenting the application of our framework in a real-world scenario.
Grayscale digital light processing 3D printing for highly functionally graded materials (2019)

Three-dimensional (3D) printing or additive manufacturing, as a revolutionary technology for future advanced manufacturing, usually prints parts with poor control of complex gradients for functional applications. We present a single-vat grayscale digital light processing (g-DLP) 3D printing method using grayscale light patterns and a two-stage curing ink to obtain functionally graded materials with the mechanical gradient up to three orders of magnitude and high resolution. To demonstrate the g-DLP, we show the direct fabrication of complex 2D/3D lattices with controlled buckling and deformation sequence, negative Poisson's ratio metamaterial, presurgical models with stiffness variations, composites for 4D printing, and anti-counterfeiting 3D printing.
Measuring task complexity in information search from user's perspective (2011)

Abstract Task complexity is a critical task characteristic that influences users' information seeking and search behavior. In general, researchers differentiate task complexity from objective and subjective task complexity. Both significantly affect task performance. However, few studies have been done to examine how task complexity could be measured from users' perspective in information science. The present study identifies a set of objective and subjective measures and conducted a survey. The survey asked users to judge the complexity of a task, and then give the reasons why they made that judgment based on the measures. Six simulated task situations were developed for the survey and 168 valid questionnaires (84% return rate) were analyzed. The results indicate that the number of words hard to understand, the number of languages required for search results, and the number of domain areas involved in a task could significantly predict task complexity. The study helps further understand the attributes of task complexity and has implications in research on interactive information retrieval (IIR), task‐based information seeking and search, and personalization of information retrieval (IR).