gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Rh(I)-Catalyzed Cycloisomerization of Homo- and Bis-homopropargylic Alcohols (2003)

The ability to form rhodium-vinylidene complexes in situ from terminal alkynes has led to the development of a catalytic process, the cycloisomerization of homopropargylic and bis-homopropargylic alcohols to dihydrofurans and dihydropyrans. Among the transition metals that perform similar reactions, rhodium catalysts demonstrate the best chemoselectivity and turnover numbers to date. Both secondary and tertiary alcohols participate equally well. The presence of proparylic oxygen and nitrogen functionality, which potentially can be induced to ionize via formation of allenylidene metal complexes, is compatible with this catalyst. The formation of a 5-amino-dihydropyran which is not compatible with some of the previous catalysts proceeds in good yield with the rhodium catalysts. A substrate bearing a benzylic hydroxyl group adjacent to an electron-rich aromatic ring also participates without complications of ionization. The method provides access to useful aminosugars. A mechanism to account for the different selectivity of this catalyst as compared to others is proposed.
Parallel concurrent path-delay fault simulation using single-input change patterns (2002)

We present a new simulation-based method using single-input change (SIC) patterns to efficiently derive tests for singly-testable (ST) path-delay faults (PDFs). We assign random values to all inputs, and then propagate rising and falling transitions from each input while all other inputs are held steady. We present a sixteen-valued algebra with which rising and falling PDFs from all inputs are concurrently simulated. Using a suitable encoding for signal values, gates are evaluated directly through Boolean operations, and all computation stages use machine word parallelism. Results on, the ISCAS '85 and '89 benchmarks show that the method runs seven times faster than another published method (with normalized CPU times), and detects 76% more ST PDFs.
Progress in British Tracked Vehicle Suspension Systems (1983)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">The higher power/weight ratios of modern tracked armoured vehicles has increased potential cross-country speed and placed greater demands on vehicle suspension systems. This has led to advances in component hardware and techniques for predicting and measuring suspension performance. The paper describes the use of computer modelling for comparing the effects of different suspension characteristics and the use of concrete profiles including a ‘random’ profile course for measuring performance and validating models. Two modern tracked vehicle suspension systems are described -one torsion bar/rotary damper and the other hydrogas. Research work in progress on active suspensions and electronically controlled damping systems is also described.</div>
Walk-in Clinic: Insomnia (1998)

Determining the underlying cause of insomnia will help patients take a holistic approach to treatment. Wendy and Stephen Johnson explain how the practice nurse can help.
Tight junctions of brain endothelium in vitro are enhanced by astroglia (1987)

The belts of endothelial tight junctions, which impede diffusion between blood and brain, were reduced to fragmentary, small junctions in subcultured brain endothelium. When cocultured with the capillaries' nearest neighbor, the astrocytes, these endothelial tight junctions were enhanced in length, width, and complexity, as seen by en face views of the cell membranes with freeze-fracture electron microscopy. Gap junctions, common in brain endothelium in vitro but absent in mature brain capillaries in vivo, were markedly diminished in area from among the enhanced tight junctions of the cocultures. Thus, astrocytes in vitro play a role in the formation, extent, and configuration of the junctional complexes in brain endothelium, whose diffusion barrier may likewise be influenced by astrocytes in vivo.
Rolling Resistance Validation (2015)

The rolling resistance, contact forces and fuel consumption of a heavy duty truck were computed as a function of pavement type. Measurements were conducted at the Mainline MnROAD test track near Albertville, Minnesota and at two highway sections with distressed pavements. Test procedure consisted of driving the instrumented MnROAD heavy-duty truck on the selected pavement sections while recording signals from the chassis-mounted accelerometers, differential GPS, and the Controller Area Network. The truck was driven at cruise speeds of 55 and 64 MPH on roads with live traffic and at cruise speeds from 30 to 65 MPH on the Mainline. In addition, weather data from two MnROAD stations, wind velocity from two ultrasonic anemometers, road elevation, and International Roughness Index (IRI) were collected during the tests. Data were analyzed with a novel and comprehensive mechanistic model of vehicle dynamics. Dynamical rolling resistance and its contribution to fuel consumption was estimated from the spectra analysis of accelerometers signals. The coefficient of rolling resistance of the truck tires varied from 0.0044 to 0.0072 on the Mainline cells. Fuel consumed by the rolling resistance force at 30 MPH varied between 0.006 liter and 0.009 liter per cell, for an average consumption of 5 liter/100 km. Rolling resistance was 0.0072 on bituminous TH 66 and 0.0061 on concrete TH 10 sections. Spectral analysis of accelerometer data revealed vibrational modes unique to either bituminous or concrete pavements. The power loss caused by the vibrations of suspensions and tires was also computed.
The Relative Roles of Three DNA Repair Pathways in Preventing<i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i>Mutation Accumulation (2006)

Mutation is a central biological process whose rates and spectra are influenced by a variety of complex and interacting forces. Although DNA repair pathways are generally known to play key roles in maintaining genetic stability, much remains to be understood about the relative roles of different pathways in preventing the accumulation of mutations and the extent of heterogeneity in pathway-specific repair efficiencies across different genomic regions. In this study we examine mutation processes in base excision repair-deficient (nth-1) and nucleotide excision repair-deficient (xpa-1) Caenorhabditis elegans mutation-accumulation (MA) lines across 24 regions of the genome and compare our observations to previous data from mismatch repair-deficient (msh-2 and msh-6) and wild-type (N2) MA lines. Drastic variation in both average and locus-specific mutation rates, ranging two orders of magnitude for the latter, was detected among the four sets of repair-deficient MA lines. Our work provides critical insights into the relative roles of three DNA repair pathways in preventing C. elegans mutation accumulation and provides evidence for the presence of pathway-specific DNA repair territories in the C. elegans genome.
A possible new member of tyrosine kinase family, human frt sequence, is highly conserved in vertebrates and located on human chromosome 13. (1987)

We have isolated a human genomic DNA (designated human frt) cross-hybridizing with the v-ros oncogene of UR2 sarcoma virus. Sequencing analysis of this fragment revealed that this sequence contains a 123-base-pair exon-like structure surrounded by consensus sequences of splice acceptor and donor sites. The deduced amino acid sequence of this stretch was highly homologous to a portion of a tyrosine kinase domain of src family. The human frt sequence was found to be conserved in a wide variety of vertebrates. By using a human-mouse hybridoma panel, human frt was located on chromosome 13, while human c-ros-1 was located on chromosome 6.
Object modeling of measuring functions in IEC 61850 based IEDs (2004)

The integration of multifunctional intelligent electronic devices in complex substation or power plant automation systems requires the development of a standard protocol that meets the requirements of protection, control, monitoring, recording and metering functions. GOMSFE (generic object models for substation and feeder equipment) is a part of UCA 2.0 and is the foundation for the development of the first generation of multifunctional IEDs from multiple vendors that can inter-operate while performing centralized or distributed functions in a substation automation system. The experience with the object modeling of these functions has been used in the different stages of development of the emerging IEC 61850 standard for communication networks and systems in substations. The paper describes in detail the object models of different measurement and metering functions in multifunctional IEDs. The data classes, logical nodes and data objects required for the modeling of rms measurements, demand measurements, power and energy measurements, power quality related measurements, as well as many different protection related measurements are presented with some specific examples. The integration of legacy multifunctional IEDs in IEC 61850 based substation automation systems and their modeling as multiple logical devices in gateway IEDs is also discussed later in the paper.
<title>Flexible macroblock ordering as a content adaptation tool in H.264/AVC</title> (2005)

H.264/AVC is the newest block based video coding standard from MPEG and VCEG. It not only provides superior and efficient video coding at various bit rates, it also has a "network-friendly" representation thanks to a series of new techniques which provide error robustness. Flexible Macroblock Ordering (FMO) is one of the new error resilience tools included in H.264/AVC. Here, we present an alternative use of flexible macroblock ordering, using its idea of combining non-neighboring macroblocks together in one slice. Instead of creating a scattered pattern, which is useful when transmitting the data over an error-prone network, we divide the picture into a number of regions of interest and one remaining region of disinterest. It is assumed that people watching the video will pay much more attention to the regions of interest than to the remainder of the video. So we compress the regions of interest at a higher bit rate than the regions of disinterest, thus lowering the overall bit rate. Simulations show that the overhead introduced by using rectangular regions of interest is minimal, while the bit rate can be reduced by 30% and more in most cases. Even at those reductions the video stays pleasant to watch. Transcoders can use this information as well by reducing only the quality of the regions of disinterest instead of the quality of the entire picture if applying SNR scalability. In extreme cases the regions of disinterest can even be dropped easily, thus reducing the overall bit rate even further.
Chromatic dispersion profile optimization of dual-concentric-core photonic crystal fibers for broadband dispersion compensation (2006)

Chromatic dispersion profile of dual-concentric-core photonic crystal fibers is optimized for broadband dispersion compensation of single mode fibers (SMFs) by using genetic algorithm incorporated with full-vector finite-element method. From the numerical results presented here, it is found that by increasing the distance between central core and outer ring core, larger negative dispersion coefficient and better dispersion slope compensation are possible. There is a tradeoff between the magnitude of negative dispersion coefficient and dispersion slope compensation due to the concave dispersion profile of dual-concentric-core photonic crystal fibers. In spite of the tradeoff, dual-concentric-core photonic crystal fibers having larger negative dispersion coefficient as well as compensating for dispersion slope of SMFs in the entire C band with large effective area can be designed.
Flame Spectrophotometric Determination of Microgram Quantities of Magnesium (1957)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFlame Spectrophotometric Determination of Microgram Quantities of MagnesiumLouis. Manna, D. H. Strunk, and S. L. AdamsCite this: Anal. Chem. 1957, 29, 12, 1885–1887Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1957Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1957https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60132a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60132a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views20Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Modelling Error Rates in Temporal Pointing (2016)

We present a novel model to predict error rates in temporal pointing. With temporal pointing, a target is about to appear within a limited time window for selection. Unlike in spatial pointing, there is no movement to control in the temporal domain; the user can only determine when to launch the response. Although this task is common in interactions requiring temporal precision, rhythm, or synchrony, no previous HCI model predicts error rates as a function of task properties. Our model assumes that users have an implicit point of aim but their ability to elicit the input event at that time is hampered by variability in three processes: 1) an internal time-keeping process, 2) a response-execution stage, and 3) input processing in the computer. We derive a mathematical model with two parameters from these assumptions. High fit is shown for user performance with two task types, including a rapidly paced game. The model can explain previous findings showing that touchscreens are much worse in temporal pointing than physical input devices. It also has novel implications for design that extend beyond the conventional wisdom of minimising latency.
Structure of 2,4-dibromo-10β,17β-dihydroxy-1,4-estradien-3-one (1987)

Le compose du titre cristallise dans le systeme quadratique avec le groupe d'espace P4 1 . Affinement de la structure jusqu'a 4,1%. Le groupement hydroxyle en c(10) est en configuration β. Les groupements hydroxyle en c(17) et c(10) et l'oxygene en c(3) forment deux liaisons hydrogene intermoleculaires
Isobutylene copolymers of vinylbenzyl chloride and isopropenylbenzyl chloride (1961)

Abstract The styrene derivatives vinylbenzyl chloride and isopropenylbenzyl chloride were prepared and copolymerized with isobutylene and propylene in order to produce polymers with reactive halogens. Vinylbenzyl chloride and isobutylene have relative reactivities such that the copolymer is much richer in isobutylene than the starting mixture, while with isopropenylbenzyl chloride and isobutylene the difference in reactivities is less and is in the opposite direction. Copolymers containing small amounts of the reactive benzylic chlorine were vulcanized, either with amines or with a conventional butyl rubber cure. Permselective membranes were prepared from copolymers rich in benzylic chlorine.
IN SEARCH OF HIGH-SPEED RAILWAYS IN THE NEXT GENERATION (1987)

Influence de l'environnement social. Amelioration et innovation (transport entre villes importantes de Tokyo a Osaka, transport interurbain, transport dans une metropole, dans les villes des regions). Besoins en ce qui concerne le developpement technique
Testing the Adequacy of Markov Chain and Mover-Stayer Models as Representations of Credit Behavior (1985)

We summarize methodology for testing the compatibility of discrete time stochastic processes—stationary and nonstationary Markov chains and an extension, the mover-stayer model—with longitudinal data from an unknown empirical process. We apply this methodology to determine the suitability of these models to represent the payment behavior of a sample of retail revolving credit accounts. We are led to reject stationary and also nonstationary Markov chain models for our data and for our state space definition in favor of the mover-stayer model. The mover-stayer model, in contrast to Markov chains, incorporates a simple form of population heterogeneity. Stationary Markov chains have been used extensively in finance literature to model payment behavior of credit accounts. Our empirical study suggests, however, that stationary Markov chains may not appropriately model payment behavior. It also indicates that incorporating heterogeneity in modeling payment behavior may be more important than incorporing nonstationarity.
Crystal Structure of ATP Sulfurylase from the Bacterial Symbiont of the Hydrothermal Vent Tubeworm<i> Riftia pachyptila</i><sup>,</sup> (2001)

In sulfur chemolithotrophic bacteria, the enzyme ATP sulfurylase functions to produce ATP and inorganic sulfate from APS and inorganic pyrophosphate, which is the final step in the biological oxidation of hydrogen sulfide to sulfate. The giant tubeworm, Riftia pachyptila, which lives near hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor, harbors a sulfur chemolithotroph as an endosymbiont in its trophosome tissue. This yet-to-be-named bacterium was found to contain high levels of ATP sulfurylase that may provide a substantial fraction of the organisms ATP. We present here, the crystal structure of ATP sulfurylase from this bacterium at 1.7 A resolution. As predicted from sequence homology, the enzyme folds into distinct N-terminal and catalytic domains, but lacks the APS kinase-like C-terminal domain that is present in fungal ATP sulfurylase. The enzyme crystallizes as a dimer with one subunit in the crystallographic asymmetric unit. Many buried solvent molecules mediate subunit contacts at the interface. Despite the high concentration of sulfate needed for crystallization, no ordered sulfate was observed in the sulfate-binding pocket. The structure reveals a mobile loop positioned over the active site. This loop is in a "closed" or "down" position in the reported crystal structures of fungal ATP sulfurylases, which contained bound substrates, but it is in an "open" or "up" position in the ligand-free Riftia symbiont enzyme. Thus, closure of the loop correlates with occupancy of the active site, although the loop itself does not interact directly with bound ligands. Rather, it appears to assist in the orientation of residues that do interact with active-site ligands. Amino acid differences between the mobile loops of the enzymes from sulfate assimilators and sulfur chemolithotrophs may account for the significant kinetic differences between the two classes of ATP sulfurylase.
A role for TGFβ1 in osteoclast differentiation and survival (2000)

Recently, tumour necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) was shown to be necessary for osteoclast formation. We now report that TGF(beta), a cytokine enriched in bone matrix, is also required. TGF(beta) not only powerfully synergized with TRANCE for induction of osteoclast-like cells (OCL) from bone marrow precursors and monocytes, but OCL formation was abolished by recombinant soluble TGF(beta) receptor II (TGF(beta)sRII). Preincubation in TGF(beta) was as effective as simultaneous incubation with TRANCE. TGF(beta)-preincubation enhanced OCL formation at least partly by preventing the development of resistance to OCL-induction that otherwise occurs when precursors are incubated in M-CSF. OCL formed in TRANCE also showed more rapid apoptosis than OCL in TRANCE plus TGF(beta). Like TGF(beta), incubation on bone matrix prolonged and enhanced the sensitivity of precursors to OCL-induction by TRANCE, and this was reversed by TGF(beta)sRII. Taken together, this data is compelling evidence for a model in which TGF(beta) in matrix or released from bone-lining or other cells maintains and enhances the osteoclast-forming potential of precursors as they migrate towards sites of cell-bound TRANCE. Thus, the specific circumstances necessary for osteoclast formation and survival are TRANCE expression on osteoblastic cells and TGF(beta) in bone.
Multioffset VSP profiling (1984)

PreviousNext No AccessSEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984Multioffset VSP profilingAuthors: Francis MonsLeon HorowiczKamal BabourFrancis MonsEtudes and Production Schlumberger, France, Leon HorowiczEtudes and Production Schlumberger, France, and Kamal BabourEtudes and Production Schlumberger, Francehttps://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894278 SectionsAboutPDF/ePub ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack CitationsPermissions ShareFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmail Permalink: https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894278FiguresReferencesRelatedDetails SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1984ISSN (print):1052-3812 ISSN (online):1949-4645Copyright: 1984 Pages: 856 publication data© 1984 Copyright © 1984 Society of Exploration GeophysicistsPublisher:Society of Exploration Geophysicists HistoryPublished: 24 Mar 2005 CITATION INFORMATION Francis Mons, Leon Horowicz, and Kamal Babour, (1984), "Multioffset VSP profiling," SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts : 832-834. https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1894278 Plain-Language Summary PDF DownloadLoading ...
Multigene RNA Vector Based on Coronavirus Transcription (2003)

Coronavirus genomes are the largest known autonomously replicating RNAs with a size of ca. 30 kb. They are of positive polarity and are translated to produce the viral proteins needed for the assembly of an active replicase-transcriptase complex. In addition to replicating the genomic RNA, a key feature of this complex is a unique transcription process that results in the synthesis of a nested set of six to eight subgenomic mRNAs. These subgenomic mRNAs are produced in constant but nonequimolar amounts and, in general, each is translated to produce a single protein. To take advantage of these features, we have developed a multigene expression vector based on human coronavirus 229E. We have constructed a prototype RNA vector containing the 5' and 3' ends of the human coronavirus genome, the entire human coronavirus replicase gene, and three reporter genes (i.e., the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase [CAT] gene, the firefly luciferase [LUC] gene, and the green fluorescent protein [GFP] gene). Each reporter gene is located downstream of a human coronavirus transcription-associated sequence, which is required for the synthesis of individual subgenomic mRNAs. The transfection of vector RNA and human coronavirus nucleocapsid protein mRNA into BHK-21 cells resulted in the expression of the CAT, LUC, and GFP reporter proteins. Sequence analysis confirmed the synthesis of coronavirus-specific mRNAs encoding CAT, LUC, and GFP. In addition, we have shown that human coronavirus-based vector RNA can be packaged into virus-like particles that, in turn, can be used to transduce immature and mature human dendritic cells. In summary, we describe a new class of eukaryotic, multigene expression vectors that are based on the human coronavirus 229E and have the ability to transduce human dendritic cells.
Accelerated Ice Discharge from the Antarctic Peninsula following the Collapse of Larsen B Ice Shelf (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Data and Methodology Analysis Discussion Conclusions References