gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of fairness-enhancing interventions in machine learning (2019)

Computers are increasingly used to make decisions that have significant impact on people's lives. Often, these predictions can affect different population subgroups disproportionately. As a result, the issue of fairness has received much recent interest, and a number of fairness-enhanced classifiers have appeared in the literature. This paper seeks to study the following questions: how do these different techniques fundamentally compare to one another, and what accounts for the differences? Specifically, we seek to bring attention to many under-appreciated aspects of such fairness-enhancing interventions that require investigation for these algorithms to receive broad adoption.
'I turn up the volume and walk towards home': Mapping the Soundscapes of Loaded (2015)

Christos Tsiolkas’s first novel Loaded (1995) is one of the most sonically intense Australian novels ever written. Taking place over a 24-hour period, it depicts Ari – a 19-year-old child of Greek migrants – engaging in a continuous flow of sexual encounters, drug taking, walking, dancing, and listening to music. Ari’s movements through the city of Melbourne immerse him in an almost constant series of soundscapes. Traversing between venues of excess and confrontation – the city street, the nightclub, the Greek club, and a variety of domestic spaces – Ari pushes the boundaries of his identity, his sexuality, challenging what it means to exist in Australian urban modernity. In this article I will trace Ari’s engagement with sound, sound technologies, and sound spaces. I argue that Ari maps a terrain of social and historical alienation, from the values of both his parents and friends, and of the larger society. This is not to say that Ari wholly rejects his parents and society: rather, his position is shot-through with contradictory attitudes and experiences. The fault-line of this ambivalence and tension is located around sound – mostly manifest as forms of popular music – where Ari is able to reject the mainstream, but also, at times, to connect with his family, and be part of a community. To chart Ari’s use of sound technology is, I argue, to encounter the core of Loaded’s portrayal of a second-generation Greek homosexual man grappling with the demands of contemporary Australian society.
Compressive Broad-Band Hyperspectral Sum Frequency Generation Microscopy to Study Functionalized Surfaces (2016)

A broad-band sum frequency generation microscope has been developed for the study of molecular monolayers on surfaces. Because sum frequency generation is a vibrational spectroscopy based on a second-order optical process, it is uniquely sensitive to detecting a molecule's vibrational fingerprints specifically at interfaces. In this microscope, a structured illumination beam generated by a spatial light modulator is used to irradiate the sample with a series of sparsifying pseudorandom patterns. The spectra associated with each pattern are then input into a reconstruction algorithm to compressively recover the full hyperspectral image cube. As a proof-of-principle, this system performed molecule-specific imaging of a microcontact-printed self-assembled monolayer of alkanethiolate on copper. This hyperspectral compressive imaging effectively recovered both spatial and spectral surface features with compression greater than 80%, meaning more than a 5-fold decrease in acquisition time compared to traditional methods.
Cancellation of Raman soliton self-frequency shift by cross-phase modulation (2006)

In this paper, we present the experimental demonstration of cross-phase modulation-induced Raman soliton self frequency-shift (SSFS) cancellation. Experiment is based on the use of highly nonlinear photonic crystal fibers which has been proved to be an excellent medium to observe cross-phase modulation-induced frequency-shift phenomena in the context of supercontinuum generation.
A conserved nucleotide sequence, coding for a segment of the C-propeptkle, is found at the same location in different collagen genes (1983)

The nucleotide sequence of a segment of the chick alpha 1 type III collagen gene which codes for the C-propeptide was determined and compared with the corresponding sequence in the alpha 1 type I and alpha 2 type I collagen genes. As in the alpha 2 type I gene the coding information for the C-propeptide of the type III collagen gene is subdivided in four exons. Similarly, the amino proximal exon contains sequences for both the carboxy terminal end of the alpha-helical segment of collagen and for the beginning of the C-propeptide in both genes. Therefore, this organization of exons must have been established before these two collagen genes arose by duplication of a common ancestor. In several subsegments the deduced amino acid sequence for the C-propeptide of type III collagen shows a strong homology with the corresponding amino acid sequence in alpha 1 and alpha 2 type I. For one of these homologous amino acid sequences, however, the nucleotide sequence is much better conserved than for the others. It is possible that a mechanism of gene conversion has maintained the homogeneity of this nucleotide sequence among the interstitial collagen genes. Alternatively, the conserved nucleotide sequence may represent a regulatory signal which could function either in the DNA or in the RNA.
The Technological Gap Between Virtual Assistants and Recommendation Systems (2018)

Virtual assistants, also known as intelligent conversational systems such as Google's Virtual Assistant and Apple's Siri, interact with human-like responses to users' queries and finish specific tasks. Meanwhile, existing recommendation technologies model users' evolving, diverse and multi-aspect preferences to generate recommendations in various domains/applications, aiming to improve the citizens' daily life by making suggestions. The repertoire of actions is no longer limited to the one-shot presentation of recommendation lists, which can be insufficient when the goal is to offer decision support for the user, by quickly adapting to his/her preferences through conversations. Such an interactive mechanism is currently missing from recommendation systems. This article sheds light on the gap between virtual assistants and recommendation systems in terms of different technological aspects. In particular, we try to answer the most fundamental research question, which are the missing technological factors to implement a personalized intelligent conversational agent for producing accurate recommendations while taking into account how users behave under different conditions. The goal is, instead of adapting humans to machines, to actually provide users with better recommendation services so that machines will be adapted to humans in daily life.
Domain patterns of a magnetic garnet bubble film in an arbitrarily oriented field (1974)

The domain pattern formation process of an epitaxial garnet film in an arbitrarily oriented field has been investigated. Depending on the orientation of the field, a bubble array or stripe domains aligned in various directions appeared. A sixfold symmetry in the sample plane was observed. The behavior of the stripe domains in an arbitrarily oriented field was theoretically described, and an explanation was given to the bubble formation process. Based on the experimental and theoretical results, some applications of these properties will be briefly discussed.
Fast-resist image estimation methodology using light-intensity distribution (1995)

A fast resist image estimation methodology using light intensity distribution is proposed. Recently, some optical proximity effect correction (OPC) methods have been developed. Conventionally, to apply light intensity simulation of OPC, resist image has been simply estimated as a contour at which light intensity distribution is sliced. However, it is difficult to obtain a real resist image with this conventional method because of no consideration of actual resist process. Now, we have developed a new method which can estimate resist image with simple approximate calculation of light intensity distribution. In this method, resist image can be calculated from light intensity distribution using convolution. Using this method, calculation accuracy can be improved twice compared to that with a conventional light intensity slicing method. In this paper, the method is described in detail, then its feasibility to be applied to OPC will be demonstrated.
On the Dynamics of the Swing of a Golf Club (1970)

The Lagrangian method is used to obtain two coupled differential equations describing the motion of a simple model of the swing of a golf club. These equations are simplified by a special treatment of the gravitational torques and are put in a form such that different constant torques applied by the golfer give solutions differing only in a scale factor. The equations are solved numerically for various suitable boundary conditions. It is shown that the clubhead speed achieved for a swing with a constant torque applied by the golfer increases with the hindrance to the uncocking of the wrists during the swing, and that the backswing of the club may be decreased substantially with a correspondingly small decrease in clubhead speed.
The contribution of human c-fos DNA to cultured synovial cells: a transfection study. (1993)

To clarify the role of c-fos DNA in the activation of human synovial cells, the pH8 expression vector containing human c-fos DNA under the control of murine leukemia virus long terminal repeat was transfected into cultured synovial cells. After G418 selection, the control transfectant clones transfected with pH8 vector not containing c-fos DNA insertion changed their original fibroblastic shape into dendritic cells. They stopped growing at this stage. However, the c-fos DNA transfectant clones continued to grow actively beyond this stage, and regained the fibroblastic appearance. Furthermore, c-fos DNA transfectants adhered to and grew on hyaluronidase treated cartilage surfaces more extensively than control transfectants after 6 days in culture. These findings suggest that c-fos DNA supports active growth of human synovial cells by facilitating transition of synovial dendritic cells into fibroblastic cells.
Industrial Gas Separations (1983)

A series of pure gas and gas mixture tests were performed, using a unique closed-circuit experimental loop. Based on data from continuous loop operations, a preliminary system design and economic evaluation were performed to recover helium from deep sea diving gas applications. This program was performed under Navy Contract N60921-79-C-A037 for the Naval Surface Weapons Center G-52. Membrane permeability was determined as a function of driving pressure and feed concentration for a single membrane element. Based on this data, a hypothetical design of a system to meet naval specifications was performed only as a contractual requirement with the Navy and is not intended as a specific Westinghouse system. Westinghouse at this time plans no such system for market. Projections based on the experimental data for the hypothetical system show that the least pure gas considered for the design, 58 mole % helium, could be enriched to better than 99.99% helium in five permeator stages. This gas could be enriched, hypothetically, to a physiologically acceptable quality in 3 stages. Carbon dioxide concentration in the gas is the design limiting parameter. This is a very conservative design estimate. The conservatism is necessary due to the limited nature of the design data.
The Synthesis of Specifically Deuterated Anthracenes (1973)

Synthetic methods for preparation of anthracene-1,2,3,4-d 4 , 1,4,5,8-d 4 , 2,3,6,7-d 4 , 2,3-d 2 , 1,4-d 2 , and 9,10-d 2 are described.
Erythromycin and clindamycin resistance in Corynebacterium diphtheriae from skin lesions (1979)

Erythromycin- and clindamycin-resistant Corynebacterium diphtheriae isolates were recovered from skin lesions. Resistance to erythromycin and clindamycin was induced by a subinhibitory concentration (0.03 microgram/ml) of erythromycin. Clindamycin (0.07 microgram/ml) was a more effective inducer of its own resistance than of erythromycin resistance. Erythromycin-inducible cross-resistance to vernamycin B alpha was demonstrated in disk diffusion tests.
Efficient design of feedwater heaters network in steam power plants using pinch technology and exergy analysis (2007)

A design method is presented based on pinch technology and exergy analysis to reduce heat transfer irreversibility of the feedwater heaters network in steam power plants. In order to show the effects of this method, an extensive study was performed on four steam power plants. The results show that applying this method can decrease the fuel consumption and the condenser load. It also increases the boiler, the feedwater heaters network, and the turbine exergetic efficiencies. On the whole, the results show that applying this method, with a target pinch temperature of 3°C, increases the cycle 2nd law efficiency 0.3–1.3% and the fossil fuel consumption decreases about 64 × 106kg annually for 8000 operating hours per year of the studied steam power plants. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Range profile analysis of the buried 3-D dielectric object based on the EM numerical simulation (2012)

The cross-range profiles for the buried 3-D dielectric object are obtained by performing the inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) on the wideband scattered field using a stepped frequency waveform (SFW). The 1-D HRRPs of the buried object are investigated with numerical solutions for the electric field integral equation (EFIE). The scattering response from the buried object is calculated accurately by the radiation of the induced currents inside the buried object based on the EM numerical simulation. The scattering centers of the dielectric target are well identified from the HRRPs. The peak amplitudes and locations of the range profiles could be understood and analyzed based on the knowledge of the scattering mechanisms. From the simulated range profiles, the buried depth and the size of the object could also be reconstructed.
Simple approximate analytical solution for nonisothermal single‐step transformations: Kinetic analysis (2008)

Abstract We develop a method for obtaining the approximate solution for the evolution of single‐step transformations under nonisothermal conditions. We have applied it to many reaction models and obtained very simple analytical expressions for the shape of the corresponding transformation rate peaks. These analytical solutions represent a significant simplification of the system's description allowing easy curve fitting to experiment. A remarkable property is that the evolutions of the transformed fraction obtained at different heating rates are identical when time is scaled by a time constant. The accuracy achieved with our method is checked against several reaction models and different temperature dependencies of the transformation rate constant. It is shown that its accuracy is closely related with that of the Kissinger method. © 2008 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2008
PHARMACOLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS ON THE HYPOTENSIVE ACTION OF EXTRACTS OF TELEOST FISH UROPHYSES (UROTENSIN I) IN THE RAT (1974)

1 Intravenous injections of urotensin I regularly caused a long-lasting, dose-related, lowering of blood pressure and an increase in heart rate in conscious rats, or a reduction in perfusion pressure in the isolated hind limb of the rat.2 After subcutaneous administration, the hypotensive effect of urotensin I was greater in extent and in duration (> 24 hours).3 Anaesthesia with ether, chloralose, pentobarbitone and thiobarbitone caused a decrease in blood pressure and only slightly diminished the hypotensive effect of urotensin.4 Mecamylamine, hexamethonium, atropine, phenoxybenzamine, propranolol and diphenhydramine did not alter the effect of urotensin in conscious rats or in the isolated hind limb, although the effects of the respective agonists, i.e. nicotine, acetylcholine, noradrenaline, isoprenaline and histamine were inhibited.5 In conscious rats, pressor effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline, nicotine and angiotensin II, and depressor effects of acetylcholine and bradykinin, were decreased or inhibited, whereas the hypotensive effect of phenoxybenzamine was potentiated by previous administration of urotensin I. Carotid occlusion reflex was partially inhibited by lower doses of urotensin and abolished by higher doses in rats lightly anaesthetized with chloralose. Urotensin elicited postural hypotension in rats anaesthetized with pentobarbitone.6 The increase in heart rate produced by urotensin was not affected by phenoxybenzamine, but was abolished by propranolol or ganglion blocking agents (mecamylamine or hexamethonium).7 It is concluded that urotensin elicits hypotension in the rat by a direct dilatory action on the resistance vessels causing a simultaneous reflex tachycardia.
<i>In Vitro </i>acetylcholinesterase inhibitory properties of thymol, carvacrol and their derivatives thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone (2006)

The aim of this study was to examine in vitro the inhibitory activity exerted by the main constituents of essential oil obtained from the aromatic plant Thymus vulgaris L. on acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The total essential oil and selected compounds, specifically linalool and thymol, carvacrol and their derivatives thymoquinone and thymohydroquinone, were tested for AChE inhibition. Thymohydroquinone exhibited the strongest AChE inhibitory effect over the range of concentrations. The AChE inhibitory potential decreased in the following order: thymohydroquinone > carvacrol > thymoquinone > essential oil > thymol > linalool. It is interesting that the AChE inhibitory effect exerted by carvacrol was 10 times stronger than that exerted by its isomer thymol, although thymol and carvacrol have a very similar structure.
A high density high performance 180 nm generation Etox/sup TM/ flash memory technology (2003)

A 180 nm-generation flash memory technology has been developed, optimized for small cell size, high performance low voltage operation and multi-level-cell and embedded logic capability. Memory cell scaling utilizes scaled trench isolation, self-aligned floating gates, cobalt salicided complementary poly gates, unlanded contacts and traditional dielectric and junction scaling. Low voltage performance is achieved with the inclusion of logic compatible NMOS and PMOS transistors, a triple well and 3 layers of metal interconnect. 16 Mbit flash memories with 0.38 /spl mu/m/sup 2/ cell size have been built on this technology as a yield and reliability test vehicle.
Predicting Gas Reserves in Abnormally Pressured Reservoirs (1971)

Abstract This paper is a study of abnormally high-pressured depletion-type gas reservoirs. In these reservoirs two distinct slopes are evident when a plot of shut-in bottom-hole pressures vs cumulative production (P/Z plot) pressures vs cumulative production (P/Z plot) is used to predict reserves. The final slope of the P/Z plot is steeper than the initial slope; consequently, reserve estimates based on the early life portion of the curve are erroneously high. The initial slope is due to gas expansion and significant pressure maintenance brought about by formation compaction, crystal expansion and water expansion. The early performance of the reservoir, as it appears on a P/Z plot, is due to the effective compressibility of the system. Effective compressibility varies from gas compressibility (theoretical P/Z performance) by the effects of the above mentioned pressure maintenance. At approximately normal pressure gradient the formation compaction is essentially complete and the reservoir assumes the characteristics of a normal gas expansion reservoir. At this point effective compressibility is about equal to gas compressibility, and this accounts for the second slope. Many costly decisions are based on the early life extrapolation of the P/Z plot. Therefore, it is necessary that we plot. Therefore, it is necessary that we understand the effects of hydrocarbon pore volume change on reserve estimates, productivity and abandonment pressure. Two methods have been derived for correcting reserve estimates from the early life data using formation compressibility, gas production and shut-in bottom-hole pressures. The first method uses the ratio of the average effective compressibility to the average gas compressibility, while the second method includes compressibility in the expansion term of the material balance equation. The developed corrections are accurate in theory, but such required information as formation compressibility is based on limited empirical data. This must be kept in mind when using the family of curves provided in this paper. An effort has been made to help establish abandonment pressure and to reconcile other related compaction problems. Introduction This paper is a study of abnormally high-pressured depletion-type gas reservoirs. In these reservoirs two distinct slopes are evident when a plot of shut-in bottom-hole pressures vs cumulative production (P/Z plot) pressures vs cumulative production (P/Z plot) is used to predict reserves. The final slope of the P/Z plot is steeper than the initial slope; consequently, reserve estimates based on the early life portion of the curve are erroneously high. The initial slope is due to gas expansion and significant pressure maintenance brought about by formation compaction, crystal expansion and water expansion.
Predominant Role of Host Genetics in Controlling the Composition of Gut Microbiota (2008)

This is the first report that clearly establishes the link between the host genotype and the corresponding shifts in the gut microbiota (the latter confirmed by two independent techniques). It suggests that the host genetics is a key factor in host-microbe interaction determining a specific profile of commensal microbiota in the human gut.
Spatial resolution of numerical models of man and calculated specific absorption rate using the FDTD method: A study at 64 MHz in a magnetic resonance imaging coil (2003)

While it is always desirable to perform SAR calculations with the greatest possible accuracy, in calculations of the maximum SAR levels in any 1 cm(3) of tissue, spatial resolutions greater than 5 mm may not yield notably different results than those with a spatial resolution of 5 mm.
Facile Synthesis of 5, 6, 7, 8-Tetrahydropyrimido [4, 5-b]-quinoline Derivatives (2006)

2-Amino-4-phenyl-5,6,7,8-tetrahydroquinoline-3-carbonitrile (3) was synthesized by treating cyclohexanone (1) with 2-benzylidenemalononitrile (2) in the presence of ammonium acetate. The reactivity of compound 3 towards dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal (DMF-DMA), carbon disulfide, urea, thiourea, formamide, formic acid, acetyl chloride and isothiocyanate were studied. In addition, the antimicrobial activity of some selected derivatives is reported.
Real-time multi-colourspace hand segmentation (2010)

This paper proposes an accurate real-time hand tracking and segmentation algorithm. A particle filter tracks the hands in time, based on colour and motion cues. This filter is able to automatically recover from failures and does not need an initialization phase. The algorithm is proven to be robust against lighting changes, and can be used in unconstrained environments. Hand segmentation is based on a Gaussian Mixture Model and refined using a combination of spatial information. Cues from both HSV and RGB colour space are used to increase robustness.