gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Amino-Terminal Precursor Sequence Modulates Canine Distemper Virus Fusion Protein Function (2002)

The fusion (F) proteins of most paramyxoviruses are classical type I glycoproteins with a short hydrophobic leader sequence closely following the translation initiation codon. The predicted reading frame of the canine distemper virus (CDV) F protein is more complex, with a short hydrophobic sequence beginning 115 codons downstream of the first AUG. To verify if the sequence between the first AUG and the hydrophobic region is translated, we produced a specific antiserum that indeed detected a short-lived F protein precursor that we named PreF(0). A peptide resulting from PreF(0) cleavage was identified and named Pre, and its half-life was measured to be about 30 min. PreF(0) cleavage was completed before proteolytic activation of F(0) into its F(1) and F(2) subunits by furin. To test the hypothesis that the Pre peptide may influence protein activity, we compared the function of F proteins synthesized with that peptide to that of F proteins synthesized with a shorter amino-terminal signal sequence. F proteins synthesized with the Pre peptide were more stable and less active. Thus, the Pre peptide modulates the function of the CDV F protein. Interestingly, a distinct two-hit activation process has been recently described for human respiratory syncytial virus, another paramyxovirus.
Performance investigation of nanostructured composite surfaces for use in adsorption cooling systems with a mass recovery cycle (2018)

With an increase of the heat transfer coefficient and condensation rate in a condenser, a lower pressure can be achieved in a desorber, which leads to a dryer adsorber for the next adsorption phase and a better cooling performance in an adsorption cooling system. This study aims to experimentally investigate the condensation rate of different nanostructured surfaces and improve the cooling performance of an adsorption cooling system by coating a superhydrophobic–zeolite 13X adsorbent composite surface in the condenser. An experiment was designed and built to investigate the condensation rate of various nanostructured surfaces on a copper plate. The results show that a water collection rate (condensation rate) of the superhydrophobic–zeolite 13X adsorbent composite surface of 49.3 g/m2 min is achieved, which shows an enhancement of about 50% compared to that of the copper surface. A mathematic model is developed to estimate the cooling performance of the adsorption cooling system utilizing the composite surface and a mass recovery cycle. The simulation results show that a specific cooling power (SCP) of 231.4 W/kg and a coefficient of performance (COP) of 0.317 are determined, which shows an improvement of 25.0% and 7.8%, respectively, compared to that of the system without coating the nanostructured composite surface.
Real-time disparity estimation using foreground segmentation for stereo sequences (2006)

We propose a fast disparity estimation algorithm using background registration and object segmentation for stereo sequences from fixed cameras. Dense background disparity information is calculated in an initialization step, so that only disparities of moving object regions are updated in the main process. We propose a real-time segmentation technique using background subtraction and interframe differences, and a hierarchical disparity estimation using a region-dividing technique and shape-adaptive matching windows. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm provides accurate disparity vector fields with an average processing speed of 15 frames/s for 320×240 stereo sequences on an ordinary PC.
Chemistry and Safety of Triclosan, and Its Use as an Antimicrobial Coating on Coated VICRYL* Plus Antibacterial Suture (Coated Polyglactin 910 Suture with Triclosan) (2002)

The extensive toxicology database supporting the safety of triclosan and the biocompatibility studies conducted on coated polyglactin 910 suture with triclosan demonstrate the safety of this suture for clinical use. Considering the clinical relevance of surgical site infections and the relatively low level of triclosan required to inhibit bacterial colonization of the suture, the use of this antimicrobial technology is well suited to this application.
Solidification of cocoa butter (1965)

Abstract Cocoa butter and other confectionery fats do not behave alike on molding. Explanations for the behavior of cocoa butter generally are unavailable. The linear contraction of molded cocoa butter on solidification under various conditions was determined. Maximum linear contraction of about 2% was measured when a well‐seeded sample was solidified at 16C. Nearly all of this contraction occurred during the first half hour. A theoretical explanation for this contraction was developed. Linear contraction takes place after the well‐seeded cocoa butter has solidified in the next‐to‐highest melting form and while this solid form is transforming to the most stable polymorph. Addition information was developed on the polymorphic forms of cocoa butter, the permanence of seed crystals at various temps, rates of solidification, and solidification characteristics of unseeded cocoa butter. The data were obtained by dilatometric examination of a small sample using a volumetric dilatometer and direct measurement of linear contraction during solidification in a mold.
Synthesis of 5.BETA.-cholestane-3.ALPHA.,6.BETA.,7.ALPHA.,25,26-pentol and identification of a novel bile alcohol, .ALPHA.-trichechol, present in the West Indian manatee bile. (1989)

In order to confirm the structure of alpha-trichechol, the major bile alcohol of the West Indian manatee, chemical synthesis of 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha,25,26-pentol was carried out. The chain of 3 alpha-hydroxy-5 beta-chol-6-en-24-oic acid was elongated by an Arndt-Eistert reaction to form 3 alpha-hydroxy-26,27-dinor-5 beta-cholest-6-en-25-oic acid. The unsaturated C25 bile acid was converted into 3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha-trihydroxy-25-homo-5 beta-cholan-25-oic acid by 1,2-glycol formation of the delta 6-double bond. The acetylated derivative of the trihydroxy C25 bile acid was then converted into 3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha,26-tetraacetoxy-27-nor-5 beta-cholestan-25-one by successive treatment with thionyl chloride, diazomethane, and acetic acid. A Grignard reaction of the 25-oxo compound with methylmagnesium iodide afforded the desired bile alcohol, 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha,25,26-pentol. By direct comparison with the synthetic pentahydroxy bile alcohol, the structure of the naturally occurring alpha-trichechol was determined to be 5 beta-cholestane-3 alpha,6 beta,7 alpha,25,26-pentol.
A Cytocompatible Zinc Oxide Nanocomposite Loaded with an Amphiphilic Arsenal for Alleviation of <i>Staphylococcus</i> Biofilm (2018)

Abstract The high prevalence and innate resistance of S. aureus biofilm towards antibiotics underscores a critical need for antibiofilm therapeutics. In this regard, membrane‐targeting bactericidal synthetic amphiphiles emerge as attractive candidates for anti‐staphylococcal therapy. In order to harness the potential of bactericidal amphiphiles for mitigation of Staphylococcus biofilm, an efficient delivery system needs to be developed, which is biocompatible and supports efficient loading and delivery of the antibiofilm cargo. In line with this rationale, the present investigation is an endeavor towards the generation of a bactericidal amphiphile‐loaded iron‐doped zinc oxide nanocomposite (C1‐FeZNP 2 ) that exhibited superior cytocompatibility, facilitated sustained release of the payload and displayed antagonistic activity against S. aureus biofilm. Interestingly, the antibiofilm potential of the nanocomposite in combination with vancomycin against a clinical strain of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus (MRSA) could also be captured in the present study.
Initial Experience with Intentional Stent-Graft Coverage of the Subclavian Artery during Endovascular Thoracic Aortic Repairs (2002)

Covering the LSA is generally well tolerated by patients and increases the landing zone for the placement of thoracic stent-grafts. Long-term studies, however, must investigate the hemodynamic effects of this procedure on the vertebrobasilar circulation.
Calculating the Energy Cost of CO2 Removal in a Coal Based Gas Turbine Fuel Cell Hybrid Power Generation System with an Isolated Anode Stream (2007)

In recent years there has been significant interest in identifying carbon capturing technologies that can be applied to fossil fuel power generation plants.CO2 capture technologies seek to reduce the amount of CO2 that would normally be emitted into the atmosphere from the daily operation of these plants. In terms of system efficiency and operating costs, this carbon capture is expensive. Further, the additional equipment that would be used to capture CO2 emissions greatly adds to the complexity of the system. There has also been significant interest in coal based gas turbine fuel cell hybrid power plants. A hybrid power plant can have much greater system efficiency than a normal gas turbine power plant because the heat that is normally unused in a standalone solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) is recovered and used to drive a power producing turbine. It is thought that the increased system efficiency of the hybrid system might compensate for the increased expense of performing carbon capture. In order to provide some analytical insight on this tradeoff we present a 100 MW class coal fired gas turbine SOFC hybrid power generation system. The hybrid system operates at a pressure ratio of 6, and uses heat recuperation and cathode air recirculation to control the SOFC inlet temperature and the temperature change across the SOFC. A carbon capture scheme is added to this system in order to calculate the relative energy cost in terms of system efficiency due to CO2 ompression. The carbon capture is performed by burning the unused fuel from the SOFC in an isolated anode stream using pure O2 injection. The resulting heat that is generated from this process is then used to drive a secondary turbine that is placed in the anode exhaust stream where more work is extracted. With an isolated anode stream, the products of combustion from this secondary combustion process are mostly water and carbon dioxide. The water by-product is then condensed out of the stream leaving a relatively high concentration of CO2. This is then compressed, and removed from the system. In this study we present power plant efficiency calculations for the performance of the hybrid system with the carbon capturing loop. Our results show the effects on system performance that result from a changing fuel utilization factor.
Degeneration, Regeneration, and Cicatrization after Fat Grafting (2014)

Dynamic remodeling after fat grafting was confirmed. Adipocyte fate differed, depending on the microenvironment: intact survival, replacement with a new adipocyte, or replacement with cicatrization/oil cyst. This detailed understanding will help refine surgical grafting procedures and postoperative evaluation.
Inventory Cost Rate Functions with Nonlinear Shortage Costs (2002)

This article considers five cost-rate models for inventory control, each summarizing the expected holding and shortage costs per period as a function of the inventory position. All models have linear holding costs and shortage cost coefficients of dimension [$/unit/period], [$/unit], and [$/period]. The latter two coeficients may be the shadow costs of a fill-rate and a ready-rate service constraint, respectively. One of the cost-rate models is a new suggestion, intended to facilitate modeling of periodic-review inventory systems. If-and-only-if conditions on the demand process are presented for which the cost rate is quasi-convex in the inventory position. The typical sufficient condition requires that the cumulative demand distribution be logconcave, a condition that is met by most demand distributions commonly used in the inventory literature. The results simplify optimization and extend the known optimality of (S, s) and (nQ, r) policies to cost structures common in applications and to the presence of typical service constraints. As a prerequisite for the study, a series of new monotonicity results are derived for compound renewal processes.
Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) is an epidermal growth factor-regulated secretory product of human prostatic epithelial cells (1996)

Parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) has previously been shown to be expressed in human prostatic tissue and in prostatic cancer cell lines. In the present study, PTHrP immunoreactivity was detected in the glandular epithelium of normal prostate and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), as well as in prostatic adenocarcinoma (CaP). Epithelial cell cultures derived from normal, BPH, and CaP tissues were also stained by antibodies against PTHrP, and northern analysis revealed multiple transcripts of PTHrP in the cellular RNA. PTHrP (1-34) was measurable by radioimmunoassay (RIA) in media conditioned by the prostatic epithelial cell cultures, and PTHrP accumulated in conditioned media during a 72 hr time course. Addition of complete growth medium to starved cells resulted in increased PTHrP mRNA levels by 1 hr, with maximal stimulation at 8-24 hr. Several individual factors contained in the complete growth medium were tested for their ability to regulate PTHrP expression. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) was the major inducer of PTHrP expression, while cholera toxin, bovine pituitary extract, hydrocortisone, and insulin had minimal or no effect on PTHrP transcript levels. Since each of these factors is growth stimulatory, the unique ability of EGF to induce PTHrP is apparently unrelated to mitogenicity. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D3[1,25(OH)2D3], an inhibitor of PTHrP expression in several other cell types, had no effect on steady-state levels of PTHrP mRNA expressed by epithelial cells in complete growth medium, although prostate cells have vitamin D receptors and are responsive to 1,25(OH)2D3 in other ways. Our results indicate that PTHrP expression is not confined to the neuroendocrine cells of the human prostate and that our culture system can be used as a model to investigate the role of PTHrP in the prostate.
Equilibrium Constants between Boron Trifluoride Etherate and Carbonyl Compounds in Chloroform Solution (2000)

[reaction: see text] Equilibrium constants for boron trifluoride complexation with carbonyl compounds relative to diethyl ether were determined in CDCl(3). With benzaldehyde the equilibrium constant is 0.208. There is a 1.28-fold preference for BF(3) bonding to benzaldehyde-D over benzaldehyde-H. The rho(+) value for complexation with substituted benzaldehydes is -2.0. Equilibrium constants with cyclohexanone and isobutyraldehyde were found to be not very different from those predicted from the heats of addition of BF(3) relative to that for diethyl ether. The heats of addition can be correlated with Taft's beta values and with beta' values.
Parallel and rectilinear spring movements (1951)

This paper discusses the design of instrument movements in which the moving member is held by two equal and parallel leaf springs; the member can be moved parallel to itself by pushing it normally to the springs. In a constructed specimen the parallelism was maintained to within ± 3.5 sec of arc over 6 mm of travel by a simple method of balancing the springs. Arrangements are described for combining two or more spring systems to develop a rectilinear movement. Performances are quoted for three constructions, the best of which held a straight line within about ± 0.25 μ over 5 mm of travel, and ± 1 μ over 10 mm. In some applications spring movements are superior to kinematic slides.
Infectious Disease Research in China (2020)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEEditorialNEXTInfectious Disease Research in ChinaZhiyong LouZhiyong LouTsinghua University School of Medicine, Beijing 100084, ChinaMore by Zhiyong LouCite this: ACS Infect. Dis. 2020, 6, 5, 760Publication Date (Web):April 24, 2020Publication History Received19 April 2020Published online24 April 2020Published inissue 8 May 2020https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00220https://doi.org/10.1021/acsinfecdis.0c00220editorialACS PublicationsCopyright © 2020 American Chemical Society. This publication is available under these Terms of Use. Request reuse permissions This publication is free to access through this site. Learn MoreArticle Views1235Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail PDF (421 KB) Get e-AlertscloseSUBJECTS:Antimicrobial agents,Immunology,Infectious diseases,Quality management,Structural bioinformatics Get e-Alerts
Multiple-view approach for smooth information retrieval (1995)

Although various visualization techniques have been proposed for information retrieval tasks, most of them are based on a single strategy for viewing and navigating through the information space, and vague knowledge such as a fragment of the name of the object is not effective for the search. In contrast, people usually look for things using various vague clues simultaneously.
Ponderomotive acceleration of electrons at the focus of high intensity lasers (2000)

Ponderomotive-force driven acceleration of an electron at the focus of a high-intensity short-pulse laser is considered using a model that accounts for its averaged drift motion but neglects its fast-varying quiver motion. It is shown that at relativistic laser intensities the ponderomotive acceleration mechanism can be significant even for an electron initially at rest. The latter can easily be driven out of the interaction region by the radial component of the ponderomotive force. For intensities above ${10}^{19}$ W $\ensuremath{\mu}{\mathrm{m}}^{2}/{\mathrm{cm}}^{2},$ energy gains in the range of MeV can be realized.
Digital watermarking: from concepts to real-time video applications (1999)

Digital watermarking has been increasingly applied to hide information in digital multimedia data, thus enlisting the watermarking technology in the difficult fight against intellectual property rights infringement. The authors have developed a secure, robust watermarking algorithm and applied it in digital streaming MPEG-2 format video-the format of choice in the broadcast and video stock industry.
Recursive discrete-time sinusoidal oscillators (2003)

Explored the basic theory of recursive digital oscillators with a bent towards the practical, and from there looked at some common oscillators. Then the article added some mechanisms for controlling their amplitude and adjusting their frequency. A brief example of how these oscillators and their control mechanisms may be used to make FSK modulators is given.
Toward a Census of Bacteria in Soil (2006)

For more than a century, microbiologists have sought to determine the species richness of bacteria in soil, but the extreme complexity and unknown structure of soil microbial communities have obscured the answer. We developed a statistical model that makes the problem of estimating richness statistically accessible by evaluating the characteristics of samples drawn from simulated communities with parametric community distributions. We identified simulated communities with rank-abundance distributions that followed a truncated lognormal distribution whose samples resembled the structure of 16S rRNA gene sequence collections made using Alaskan and Minnesotan soils. The simulated communities constructed based on the distribution of 16S rRNA gene sequences sampled from the Alaskan and Minnesotan soils had a richness of 5,000 and 2,000 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), respectively, where an OTU represents a collection of sequences not more than 3% distant from each other. To sample each of these OTUs in the Alaskan 16S rRNA gene library at least twice, 480,000 sequences would be required; however, to estimate the richness of the simulated communities using nonparametric richness estimators would require only 18,000 sequences. Quantifying the richness of complex environments such as soil is an important step in building an ecological framework. We have shown that generating sufficient sequence data to do so requires less sequencing effort than completely sequencing a bacterial genome.
Error propagation analysis for COTS systems (1997)

Today's software systems are `systems of systems'. The semantic dependencies between software components are so complex that they can no longer be fully understood by a single person. Thus the engineering design paradigm known as `divide and conquer' must be employed. Because of this, it is likely that logical incompatibilities (component-to-component or component-to-environment) will exist after the system is in service. A black-box analysis technique that studies how information flows (propagates) between software components is described. The technique forcefully corrupts the information that flows between components and observes what impacts the corruption had. By watching how corrupt information propagates, we isolate those components that cannot tolerate the failure of other components.
Lipid-Lowering Drugs: Are Adverse Effects Predictable and Reversible? (2002)

Most of the currently available statins and fibric acid derivatives have been implicated in causing complications either in monotherapy or in combination therapy. Adverse events occur more often with the statins that are metabolized via the CYP enzyme system and its 3A4, 2C9 or 2C19 paths. All compounds interfering with the same cytochrome system may either impair or enhance the elimination of statins. Other factors predisposing to adverse effects are age, female sex, renal insufficiency, electrolyte disturbances, infections and trauma. Complications chiefly concern the hepatic function, skeletal muscles and peripheral nerves. The major adverse effect is myopathy, up to rhabdomyolysis with ensuing acute renal insufficiency. Fibrates bind to peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptors alpha, with subsequent stimulation of fatty acid oxidation and reduction in the rate of hepatic lipid generation. Fibrates are associated with a number of adverse effects, including liver enzyme elevations, gastrointestinal side effects and rhabdomyolysis. The combination of statins with fibrates may cause serious complications and should be avoided when possible. In order to prevent or minimize adverse clinical outcomes, patients should be closely monitored and informed of the most common symptoms.