gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A high performance 8-input, 8-output Butler matrix beamforming network for ultra-broadband applications (2002)

A lightweight, 2-18 GHz, 8 /spl times/ 8 multilayered stripline Butler matrix which exhibited superb performance is presented. The Butler matrix's excellent performance is attributed to its high-performance hybrids and phase-shift networks. The novel design techniques for the hybrids and phase shift networks are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Imposing a k constraint in recording systems employing post-Viterbi error correction (2005)

A strategy for imposing a k constraint without any rate penalty is proposed for recording systems that already employ a post-Viterbi error-correction processor. Although the method is general, we focus on the application to perpendicular magnetic recording. This scheme is based on deliberate insertion of a short pattern, which contains one or more transitions and can be detected by an inner error-detection code, in the prolonged absence of magnetic transitions in the data bit pattern. The post-Viterbi processor attempts an error event correction by examining the likelihoods of a list of error events including the one due to the inserted pattern that forces the k constraint. The signal-to-noise ratio loss compared to the ideal system with k=/spl infin/ but perfect timing recovery is negligible at either a fixed bit-error rate or a fixed sector-error rate.
Electrophilic radiobrominations of hippuric acid: An example of the utility of aryltrimethylsilane intermediates (1984)

Abstract An investigation of the use of an aryltrimethylsilane intermediate to obtain p ‐[ 77 Br]bromohippuric acid ( 12 ) was carried out. The silane intermediate, p ‐trimethylsilylhippuric acid ( 11 ), was radiobrominated with carrier‐added and no‐carrier‐added levels of bromine‐77 to give isolated yields of 73% and 49% of 12 (respectively). Initial radiobromination studies were carried out with p ‐trimethylsilylbenzoic acid ( 1 ) to evaluate the feasability of the approach. Radiobrominations of 1 yielded 70–93% radiolabeling efficiencies. All of the radiobrominations could be accomplished within 15 minutes, indicating that the method could be applicable to use of the shorter lived radionuclides of bromine.
Pulmonary innate lymphoid cells are major producers of <scp>IL</scp>‐5 and <scp>IL</scp>‐13 in murine models of allergic asthma (2012)

Allergic asthma is characterized by chronic airway inflammation and hyperreactivity and is thought to be mediated by an adaptive T helper-2 (Th2) cell-type immune response. Here, we demonstrate that type 2 pulmonary innate lymphoid cells (ILC2s) significantly contribute to production of the key cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 in experimental asthma. In naive mice, lineage-marker negative ILC2s expressing IL-7Rα, CD25, Sca-1, and T1/ST2(IL-33R) were present in lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes (MedLNs), but not in broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Upon intranasal administration of IL-25 or IL-33, an asthma phenotype was induced, whereby ILC2s accumulated in lungs, MedLNs, and BAL fluid. After IL-25 and IL-33 administration, ILC2s constituted ∼50 and ∼80% of IL-5(+) /IL-13(+) cells in lung and BAL, respectively. Also in house dust mite-induced or ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma, the ILC2 population in lung and BAL fluid increased significantly in size and ILC2s were a major source of IL-5 or IL-13. Particularly in OVA-induced asthma, the contribution of ILC2s to the total population of intracellular IL-5(+) and IL-13(+) cells in the lung was in the same range as found for Th2 cells. We conclude that both ILC2s and Th2 cells produce large amounts of IL-5 and IL-13 that contribute to allergic airway inflammation.
The Effects of Adulterating Agents on FPIA Analysis of Urine for Drugs of Abuse* (1993)

A variety of chemical agents were evaluated to determine their effects on fluorescence polarization immunoassays for drugs of abuse. Sixteen different agents, at concentrations up to 10%, were tested against urine assays for cannabinoids, cocaine (metabolite), amphetamines, opiates, phencyclidine (PCP), and barbiturates. The potential to cause both false positive and false negative results was evaluated, and assays were performed one and seven days after sample adulteration to simulate different collection/testing formats. All six drug assays were susceptible to one or more adulterating agents, but the degree varied considerably between assays. The cannabinoid assay was most susceptible to adulterant-induced false negative results, and the barbiturate assay was most susceptible to false positive results. The remaining assays demonstrated relatively few, but characteristic effects, some of which were attributable to drug degradation and others to assay interference. Although the results of pH measurement on adulterated samples verified its utility in identifying some samples adulterated with interfering agents, other adulterants that cause substantial effects would not be identified by pH measurements alone.
The NIProxy: a Flexible Proxy Server Supporting Client Bandwidth Management and Multimedia Service Provision (2007)

We present the NIProxy, a flexible network intermediary which aims to improve the Quality of Experience (QoE) of users of networked applications by pushing more intelligence into the network. More specifically, the NIProxy is network- as well as application-aware, meaning it has knowledge of both the transportation network and the application(s) it is serving. This dual awareness is exploited to improve user QoE in two complementary ways. First of all, the NIProxy is capable of dynamically distributing a client's available downstream bandwidth over the different network streams generated by a networked application. Secondly, the NIProxy supports multimedia service provision, meaning it can apply services on multimedia streams on behalf of its clients. An important feature of the NIProxy is that its two QoE-improving mechanisms are not isolated entities but instead can interact with each other. A comprehensive discussion of the NIProxy's software architecture is provided and the implementation of an example service, which adds video transcoding functionality to the NIProxy, is described Finally, presented experimental results clearly demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach.
Hierarchical tag visualization and application for tag recommendations (2011)

Social bookmarking sites typically visualize user-generated tags as tag clouds. While tag clouds effectively show the relative frequency and thus popularity of tags, they fail to convey two aspects to the users: (1) the similarity between tags, and (2) the abstractness of tags. We suggest an alternative to tag clouds known as tag hierarchies. Tag hierarchies are based on a minimum evolution-based greedy algorithm for tag hierarchy construction, which iteratively includes optimal tags into the tree that introduce minimum changes to the existing taxonomy. Our algorithm also uses a global tag ranking method to order tags according to their levels of abstractness as well as popularity such that more abstract tags will appear at higher levels in the taxonomy. Based on the tag hierarchy, we derive a new tag recommendation algorithm, which is a structure-based approach that does not require heavily trained models and thus is highly efficient. User studies and quantitative analysis suggest that (1) the tag hierarchy can potentially reduce the user's tagging time in comparison to tag clouds and other tag tree structures, and (2) the tag recommendation algorithm significantly outperforms existing content-based methods in quality.
A hierarchical approach for image registration using line features (2008)

Image registration is a fundamental process in many remote sensing applications, such as image fusion, temporal change detection. Generally, Algorithms for image registration can be classifeed into two categories: featurebased and area-based methods. feature-based methods are relatively fast, robust and reliable, and area-based methods can get high accuracy with high computational cost. Because the result produced by traditional feature detector may vary with image contrast, it is dificult to set appropriate thresholds automatically for the reference image and sensed image. To solved these problem, an automatic approach for image registration is presented in this paper. It use a feature-based approach to get a coarse registration at first. Then, area-based method used to improve the accuracy of the result. In feature detection stage, it employs a feature detector implemented in frequency domain to obtain features with normalized measure. Constant thresholds can be applied for different images. Due to feature matching is time-consuming and computation expensive, line features detected from the images with approximate direction are mapped into Hough space to estimate the transformation parameters with Modified Iterative Hough Transform method. Furthermore, it use a hierarchical framework to speed up the registration process. The experiments show that the approach mentioned above is feasible and efficient.
Global optimization of solar thermophotovoltaic systems (2012)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we present a theoretical model based on the detailed balance theory of solar thermophotovoltaic systems comprising multijunction photovoltaic cells, a sunlight concentrator and spectrally selective surfaces. The full system has been defined by means of 2 n + 8 variables (being n the number of sub‐cells of the multijunction cell). These variables are as follows: the sunlight concentration factor, the absorber cut‐off energy, the emitter‐to‐absorber area ratio, the emitter cut‐off energy, the band‐gap energy(ies) and voltage(s) of the sub‐cells, the reflectivity of the cells' back‐side reflector, the emitter‐to‐cell and cell‐to‐cell view factors and the emitter‐to‐cell area ratio. We have used this model for carrying out a multi‐variable system optimization by means of a multidimensional direct‐search algorithm. This analysis allows to find the set of system variables whose combined effects results in the maximum overall system efficiency. From this analysis, we have seen that multijunction cells are excellent candidates to enhance the system efficiency and the electrical power density. Particularly, multijunction cells report great benefits for systems with a notable presence of optical losses, which are unavoidable in practical systems. Also, we have seen that the use of spectrally selective absorbers, rather than black‐body absorbers, allows to achieve higher system efficiencies for both lower concentration and lower emitter‐to‐absorber area ratio. Finally, we have seen that sun‐to‐electricity conversion efficiencies above 30% and electrical power densities above 50 W/cm 2 are achievable for this kind of systems. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Improved molecular beam epitaxial growth of Al&lt;inf&gt;x&lt;/inf&gt;Ga&lt;inf&gt;1 - x&lt;/inf&gt;As/GaAs high-radiance LED's for optical communications (1981)

We report some improvements made in molecular beam epitaxial growth of Al <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> Ga <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1-x</inf> As/GaAs high-radiance LED's for optical communications. These improvements have been achieved by growing these wafers in a system which includes an air-lock wafer-exchange chamber. Interfacial recombination velocity as low as <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">6 \times 10^{2}</tex> cm/s was obtained. The series resistance of the Burrus-type LED's was reduced by increasing the acceptor concentrations in the p-layers to a density as high as 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">19</sup> cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-3</sup> using Be as the dopant. CW output of 5.8 mW, or a radiance of 92 W/sr. cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , at a safe operating current of 150 mA has been obtained in these devices. The device performance is comparable to the best obtained in LPE-grown diodes of the same geometry.
Microcavity lasing of optically excited cadmium sulfide thin films at room temperature (1999)

We report what is believed to be the first observation of lasing of an optically pumped thin CdS film formed by laser ablation on glass. Laser action is observed at room temperature, and the emission peak is at 501 nm. X-ray diffraction shows that the polycrystalline films are of wurtzite structure and have (002) preferred orientation. Fabry-Perot laser modes are spaced 16 nm apart, indicating a cavity length of 2.9mum . The cavity is formed by consistently self-formed microcavities within the hexagonal lattice.
Optical flip–flop based on two-mode intensity bistability in a cross-coupled bistable laser diode (1993)

We present an experimental demonstration of an optical flip–flop based on two-mode intensity bistability in a GaAs/AlGaAs cross-coupled bistable laser diode (XCBLD), in which lasing can be toggled between two orthogonal outputs. Electrically triggered set–reset optical memory operation has been achieved in a folded-cavity device under pulsed bias at 77 K. The XCBLD is monolithically integrable and has extensive applications in optical time-division switching.
The End of Magic (1998)

The End of Magjc. Ariel Glucklich. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.253 pp.
Controlling the Orientation of Nanowrinkles and Nanofolds by Patterning Strain in a Thin Skin Layer on a Polymer Substrate (2014)

We describe herein how to control the orientation of polymer nanowrinkles and nanofolds with large amplitudes. Nanowrinkles were created by chemically treating thermoplastic polystyrene sheets to form a thin skin layer and then heating the substrate to relieve strain. By manipulating the strain globally and locally in the skin layer, we could tune whether wrinkles or folds formed, as well as the distances over which these structures could be produced. This unique materials system provided access to high strain regimes, which enabled mechanisms behind the spontaneous formation of complex structures to be explored.
Sensitivity enhancement in diaphragms made by aluminum nitride thin films prepared on polyimide films (2008)

The authors have investigated a combination of high and low modulus materials in diaphragms for high sensitivity response. High and low modulus materials are aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films and polyimide films, respectively. AlN was sputtered deposited. The AlN films consist of columnar crystal grains and indicate c-axis orientation. The diaphragm indicates a high sensitivity response of 37200pC∕N, although the piezoelectric coefficient d33 of the AlN film is 2.6pC∕N. The sensitivity response is fifty times as high as that of diaphragms consisted of AlN films and superalloy foils.
Design of a lightweight, modular robotic vehicle for the sustainable intensification of broadacre agriculture (2015)

This thesis presents the design process and the prototyping of a lightweight, modular robotic vehicle for the sustainable intensification of broadacre agriculture. Achieved by the joint operation of multiple autonomous vehicles to improve energy consumption, reduce labour, and increase efficiency in the application of inputs for the management of crops. The Small Robotic Farm Vehicle (SRFV) is a lightweight and energy efficient robotic vehicle with a configurable, modular design. It is capable of undertaking a range of agricultural tasks, including fertilising and weed management through mechanical intervention and precision spraying, whilst being more than an order of magnitude lower in weight than existing broadacre agricultural equipment.
Pretreatment and Hydrolysis of Brewer's Spent Grains (2003)

Abstract Brewer's spent grains (BSG), the voluminous residue after mashing, contains on dry weight basis about 40–50 % polysaccharides. For the recovery of soluble carbohydrates from BSG different physical, thermal and enzymatic treatments were used to solubilize the polysaccharides in BSG. Heating by microwave radiation to 160 °C in the presence of 0.1 M HCl released 35 % of the material in the form of reducing sugar, indicating that about 80 % of the polysaccharides were hydrolyzed. Nevertheless, 0.1 M acetic acid will even solubilize 30 % of the material as oligosaccharides on a prolonged incubation when pretreating the spent grains by extrusion cooking. A combination of the enzymes Ceremix Plus MG and CelluPract AL 70 achieved an almost 25 % release of saccharides after 4 hrs of incubation at 50 °C. A combination of extrusion cooking and enzymatic hydrolysis seems to be a very promising procedure.
Proteolysis of the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor by metalloproteinase-12: implication for angiogenesis in fibrin matrices (2001)

Pericellular proteolysis plays an important role in cell migration and the formation of new capillary structures. The plasminogen activator/plasmin and matrix degrading metalloproteinase (MMP) cascades act together in the remodeling of matrix and cell-matrix contacts. Previously we have shown that the formation of capillary structures by human foreskin microvascular endothelial cells (hMVECs) in a 3-dimensional fibrin matrix requires a functional urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (u-PAR). Here we report on the unexpected finding that inhibition of hMVEC-derived MMP activity by BB94 (batimastat) increased the outgrowth of capillary structures in a fibrin matrix. BB94 prevented the release of the u-PA binding domain D1 of u-PAR and thereby increased the number of functional u-PARs on hMVECs without affecting the u-PAR messenger RNA levels. Comparison of various types of protease inhibitors pointed to the prime involvement of MMP activity. Using recombinant MMPs it was shown that MMP-12 activity was able to release the D1 domain of cellularly expressed u-PAR. In addition, the expression of MMP-12 in control and basic fibroblast growth factor/tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated hMVECs was shown by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, suggesting that endothelial cell-derived MMP-12 may be involved in angiogenesis-related u-PAR shedding. This new mechanism of u-PAR cleavage provides new insights into the mutual interactions between the MMP and u-PA/plasmin systems. Moreover, it may be helpful in the interpretation of recent data on the use of specific MMP inhibitors in the treatment of several types of cancer.
Porous Carbon Powders Prepared by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis (2006)

New, thermally robust meso- and macroporous carbon powders were prepared by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) of aqueous solutions using an inexpensive high-frequency ultrasound generator from a household humidifier. We choose our molecular precursors rationally, so that the expected decomposition pathways produce only remnant carbon atoms. Specifically, our rational design criterion led to halo-organic carboxylate salts, whose pyrolysis yields well-defined carbon solids with a temporary template being generated in situ, simply an inorganic salt, which is easily dissolved during aqueous workup. The materials have been characterized by SEM, TEM, XRD, 13C NMR MAS, XPS, FTIR spectroscopy, and BET surface area measurements. Changing the alkali metal alters the morphology and pore structure of the final material, which can be explained in terms of the observed differences in the DSC and TGA of the various precursors. This preparatory method provides an extremely facile and versatile method for the generation of meso- and macroporous carbons.
Profile reusability for personalized information access : application to users contexts determination. (2005)

International audience
Fabrication and piezoelectric properties of PZT ceramics prepared by partial oxalate method (2003)

Pb(Zr,Ti)O/sub 3/ (PZT) powders were synthesized by the partial oxalate method and the modified partial oxalate method. The difference between the two is the use of prereacted (Zr,Ti)O/sub 2/ (ZTO) in the former method. Compared with the conventional mixed oxide method, calcination temperature can be reduced to less than 700 degrees C by both partial oxalate methods, and the resulting particle size is finer and more uniform. Using partial-oxalate-derived PZT powders, sintering temperatures can also be reduced to as low as 950 degrees C without sacrificing desired dielectric and piezoelectric properties, such as relative permittivity, electromechanical coupling factor, and piezoelectric coefficient. The two partial oxalate methods yield ceramics with almost the same physical and electrical properties; thus, the production of ZTO powder does not seem to be necessary.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Magnetic Ceramics: V, Magnetic Properties of Square Loop Ferrites Within the System MgO‐MnO‐Fe <sub>2</sub> O <sub>3</sub> (1955)

Thirteen compositions within the center of the system MgO‐MnO‐Fe 2 O 3 were investigated because of their rectangular hysteresis‐loop characteristic. Initial permeabilities were measured, and B m , B T , H c , and R 8m were obtained from quasi‐static hysteresis loops. High MgO content was found to be detrimental to the magnetic properties and to impair the loop rectangularity. The highest hysteresis‐loop squareness ratio, R, 8m , was found in a composition with high Fe 2 O3 content, and the lowest coercive force, H c , was found in a composition with high MnO content.
The Effect of Deferoxamine on Bleomycin-induced Lung Fibrosis in the Hamster (1985)

Bleomycin is a commonly used antineoplastic compound that can produce a dose- and time-dependent pneumonitis and fibrosis in humans. The mechanism of bleomycin-induced fibrosis is not known. However, current data suggest that the production of oxygen radicals by way of a ferrous ion-molecular oxygen mechanism might be related to the pulmonary fibrosis. Therefore, we evaluated the possibility that parenterally administered deferoxamine, an iron chelating compound, could modulate the morphologic and biochemical estimates of bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis in hamsters. Deferoxamine pretreatment and daily injection for 21 days after intratracheally administered bleomycin resulted in a 33% reduction in lung collagen accumulation compared with that after bleomycin treatment alone. However, fibrosis was still present in the bleomycin-deferoxamine group; the animals showed a 142 and 150% increase in lung collagen compared with that in saline- and deferoxamine-treated control animals, respectively. Morphologic estimates of the severity of fibrosis in the bleomycin-deferoxamine treatment group were reduced when compared with the bleomycin treatment group alone, but was increased compared with saline- and saline-deferoxamine-treated control animals. These data indicate that deferoxamine treatment reduces the severity of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in hamsters. The mechanism might be by the prevention of iron-catalyzed, free-radical formation.