gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitochondria-controlled signaling mechanisms of brain protection in hypoxia (2015)

The article is focused on the role of the cell bioenergetic apparatus, mitochondria, involved in development of immediate and delayed molecular mechanisms for adaptation to hypoxic stress in brain cortex. Hypoxia induces reprogramming of respiratory chain function and switching from oxidation of NAD-related substrates (complex I) to succinate oxidation (complex II). Transient, reversible, compensatory activation of respiratory chain complex II is a major mechanism of immediate adaptation to hypoxia necessary for (1) succinate-related energy synthesis in the conditions of oxygen deficiency and formation of urgent resistance in the body; (2) succinate-related stabilization of HIF-1α and initiation of its transcriptional activity related with formation of long-term adaptation; (3) succinate-related activation of the succinate-specific receptor, GPR91. This mechanism participates in at least four critical regulatory functions: (1) sensor function related with changes in kinetic properties of complex I and complex II in response to a gradual decrease in ambient oxygen concentration; this function is designed for selection of the most efficient pathway for energy substrate oxidation in hypoxia; (2) compensatory function focused on formation of immediate adaptive responses to hypoxia and hypoxic resistance of the body; (3) transcriptional function focused on activated synthesis of HIF-1 and the genes providing long-term adaptation to low pO2; (4) receptor function, which reflects participation of mitochondria in the intercellular signaling system via the succinate-dependent receptor, GPR91. In all cases, the desired result is achieved by activation of the succinate-dependent oxidation pathway, which allows considering succinate as a signaling molecule. Patterns of mitochondria-controlled activation of GPR-91- and HIF-1-dependent reaction were considered, and a possibility of their participation in cellular-intercellular-systemic interactions in hypoxia and adaptation was proved.
Effective Degree of Immobilization of Rubber Occluded within Carbon Black Aggregates (1972)

Abstract The conclusions of the present work may be summarized as follows. 1. The effective volume of carbon black in rubber, as measured by the low-strain equilibrium modulus, is equal to the true volume of carbon plus about half of the occluded volume of rubber calculated from the DBP absorption of the carbon black. 2. Breakdown of aggregates on incorporation in rubber may diminish the volume of occluded rubber; thus, calculations based on the same modulus data would give a somewhat higher effectiveness factor—perhaps of the order of 0.6, depending on the degree of breakdown assumed. 3. Under non-equilibrium conditions various processes may either raise or lower the measured modulus and (thus) the occluded volume effectiveness factor : (a) At moderate to high strains, strain amplification raises the modulus. (b) At low temperatures, amplification of the rate of strain raises the modulus (relative to that of the gum). (c) In a highly loaded vulcanizate, the secondary network of carbon black raises the modulus measured at low strain and low or moderate temperature. (d) The modulus can be lowered by molecular slippage, especially with thermal blacks, or with graphitized furnace blacks, at elevated temperatures and/or high strains.
Group Orthogonal Matching Pursuit for Logistic Regression (2011)

We consider a matching pursuit approach for variable selection and estimation in logistic regression models. Specifically, we propose Logistic Group Orthogonal Matching Pursuit (Logit-GOMP), which extends the Group-OMP procedure originally proposed for linear regression models, to select groups of variables in logistic regression models, given a predefined grouping structure within the explanatory variables. We theoretically characterize the performance of Logit-GOMP in terms of predictive accuracy, and also provide conditions under which Logit-GOMP is able to identify the correct (groups of) variables. Our results are non-asymptotic in contrast to classical consistency results for logistic regression which only apply in the asymptotic limit where the dimensionality is fixed or is restricted to grow slowly with the sample size. We conduct empirical evaluation on simulated data sets and the real world problem of splice site detection in DNA sequences. The results indicate that Logit-GOMP compares favorably to Logistic Group Lasso both in terms of variable selection and prediction accuracy. We also provide a generic version of our algorithm that applies to the wider class of generalized linear models. 1
Altered aminoglycoside pharmacokinetics in critically ill patients with sepsis. (1987)

The pharmacokinetic disposition of aminoglycosides in critically ill patients with sepsis was studied. In an open-label study of the disposition of gentamicin and tobramycin, individualized pharmacokinetic values of 100 critically ill patients in the surgical intensive-care unit were compared with those of a concurrently monitored group of 100 surgery patients who were not critically ill. The a priori computer-predicted dosage requirements of the critically ill patients were also compared with the dosages derived from their individualized pharmacokinetic values, and intrapatient variation in the critically ill patients was studied. Serum concentration-time data were analyzed using a one-compartment model and the DataMed Clinical Support Services system to provide individualized dosage requirements. Initial dosing guidelines were also generated for the critically ill patients using the a priori model of the DataMed Clinical Support Services program and patient demographic information. The critically ill patients were significantly older, had higher serum creatinine concentrations (SCr), and had lower elimination rate constants (k) and total body clearances (CL) than the surgery patients who were not critically ill. The volume of distribution (V) was not significantly different. The a priori computer predictions for the critically ill patients were significantly lower than the individualized values for V, CL, dose, and amount of drug per 24 hours. The dosing regimen from the a priori model was the same as the individualized regimen in only 2/100 patients. In the 76 critically ill patients who had a second pharmacokinetic analysis performed, there was a significant decrease in k and CL from the first analysis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
The Exciting Forces on a Moving Body in Waves (1965)

This paper generalizes the "Haskind relations" for the exciting forces in waves, to include the effects of constant forward speed. The analysis assumes the fluid to the ideal and incompressible, and the disturbance of the free surface to be small. The analytical relations are derived for the exciting forces in regular waves, in terms of the radiation potential associated with the forced harmonic oscillations of the same body in calm water. For this purpose it is sufficient to know the far-field asymptotic form of the radiation potential. The results are applied to the case of a submerged ellipsoid, to give the six exciting forces and moments as functions of the wave length, heading angle, and forward velocity.
Determinants involved in regulating the proportion of edited apolipoprotein B RNAs. (1996)

Editing the apolipoprotein B (apoB) RNA involves deamination of cytidine by the catalytic subunit, APOBEC-1, as a component of an editosome. A tripartite sequence (editing motif) is essential for editosome assembly and site-specific editing. Current theory for the regulation of apoB RNA editing proposes that APOBEC-1 is rate limiting in cells and determines the proportion of edited apoB mRNAs. An evaluation of how the overexpression of APOBEC-1 increased the proportion of edited RNAs has led to the discovery of a paradox. McArdle cells edit a constant proportion of apoB RNA regardless of the total number of apoB RNAs expressed. Despite virtually identical editing motifs, apoB RNA transcripts from the endogenous gene and transfected, exogenous cDNA were edited with characteristic, but different efficiencies. This suggested that these RNAs were interacting with the editing machinery as distinct and noncompeting populations. We evaluated whether the presence of introns in the endogenous transcript may have distinguished it as a distinct population having reduced editing efficiency. The editing efficiency of chimeric splicing-editing RNA substrates was highest on fully processed RNA. Increased exon length improved utilization of the editing motif in these chimeric constructs. Taken together, the data suggest that the close proximity of introns can reduce apoB RNA editing efficiency. A population "gating" hypothesis is proposed wherein the proportion of edited RNAs in a population is determined my multiple cis- and trans-acting factors as RNAs pass through a nuclear restriction point.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylated Derivatives of Uracil. Part 10. Synthesis of 2,4‐Diketo‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinazoline. (1986)

Abstract The Starting compounds (I) are prepared according to published procedures.
Next generation sequencing of PD-L1 for predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (2019)

Measurement of PD-L1 mRNA expression by RNA-seq is comparable to PD-L1 expression by IHC both analytically and clinically in predicting ICI response. RNA-seq has the added advantages of being amenable to standardization and avoidance of interpretation bias. PD-L1 by RNA-seq needs to be validated in future prospective ICI clinical studies across multiple histologies.
Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Based Real‐Time Organophosphate Detector (2007)

Abstract A novel single‐walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) based biosensor for real‐time detection of organophosphate has been developed. Horizontally aligned SWNTs are assembled to desirable electrodes using AC dielectrophoresis technique. Organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) immobilized on the SWNTs by nonspecific binding triggers enzymatic hydrolysis of organophosphates (OPs), such as paraoxon, consequently causing a detectable change in the conductance of the SWNTs. The conductance change is found to be correlated to the concentration of organophosphate. Our results suggest the novel biosensor has great potential to serve as a simple and reusable platform of sensing organophosphate on a real‐time basis.
Heme oxygenase-1–derived carbon monoxide enhances the host defense response to microbial sepsis in mice (2008)

Sepsis is characterized by a systemic response to severe infection. Although the inflammatory phase of sepsis helps eradicate the infection, it can have detrimental consequences if left unchecked. Therapy directed against inflammatory mediators of sepsis has shown little success and has the potential to impair innate antimicrobial defenses. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and the product of its enzymatic reaction, CO, have beneficial antiinflammatory properties, but little is known about their effects on microbial sepsis. Here, we have demonstrated that during microbial sepsis, HO-1-derived CO plays an important role in the antimicrobial process without inhibiting the inflammatory response. HO-1-deficient mice suffered exaggerated lethality from polymicrobial sepsis. Targeting HO-1 to SMCs and myofibroblasts of blood vessels and bowel ameliorated sepsis-induced death associated with Enterococcus faecalis, but not Escherichia coli, infection. The increase in HO-1 expression did not suppress circulating inflammatory cells or their accumulation at the site of injury but did enhance bacterial clearance by increasing phagocytosis and the endogenous antimicrobial response. Furthermore, injection of a CO-releasing molecule into WT mice increased phagocytosis and rescued HO-1-deficient mice from sepsis-induced lethality. These data advocate HO-1-derived CO as an important mediator of the host defense response to sepsis and suggest CO administration as a possible treatment for the disease.
Improving Euro-Collins flushing solution's ability to protect kidneys from normothermic ischemia. (1985)

In this investigation, we describe a modification of Euro-Collins flushing solution which enables this solution to be effective in preventing normothermic postischemic acute renal failure. The left kidneys of Sprague-Dawley rats were briefly flushed in situ by vascular perfusion with Euro-Collins solution and the renal pedicle clamped to render the kidney ischemic and hold the flushing solution in the kidney. Following 1 h of in situ normothermic ischemia, the pedicle clamp was removed and a contralateral nephrectomy of the right kidney performed. In two other groups of rats the same experimental protocol was followed using Euro-Collins solution in which the dextrose in this solution was replaced with a similar osmolal contribution of either sucrose (64 g/l) or mannitol (35 g/l). Rats with kidneys flushed with the standard Euro-Collins solution containing dextrose (n = 24) exhibited significantly higher postischemic daily serum creatinine levels, a greater degree of tubular necrosis, and a higher mortality (75, versus 31%) than unflushed ischemic controls (n = 22). Rats with kidneys flushed with Euro-Collins, containing either sucrose (n = 25) or mannitol (n = 22) in place of dextrose, all survived, exhibited only focal tubular damage as observed by electron microscopy, and most returned to normal serum creatinine levels within 72 h following ischemia. These findings, together with other reports that mannitol- and sucrose-based flushing solutions provide excellent protection during prolonged cold ischemia, strongly argue for the substitution of sucrose, mannitol or other similar protective impermeant agents for dextrose in flushing solutions such as Euro-Collins.
Exosome nanovesicles displaying G protein-coupled receptors for drug discovery. (2007)

Exosomes are naturally occurring nanovesicles that can be tailored to display a broad range of drug targets, including G protein-coupled receptors. Such vesicles provide a new source of complex membrane proteins that are maintained in their native conformation. Given the difficulties to isolate receptors for drug target validation and discovery, receptor presentation on exosome emerges as a promising new tool for drug screening. The potential of this technology is illustrated here with recombinant exosomes presenting the somatostatin receptor 2 as an example. The receptor-containing vesicles were identified as exosomes since they also bear Lactadherin, a hallmark of exosome nanovesicles. The amount of somatostatin receptor 2 on exosomes was similar to the amount of the most abundant known exosome membrane proteins. The receptor was functional and similar in size to the form found on cell surface. Finally, recombinant exosomes were used in several assay formats that exemplify their capacity as a new receptor presentation platform for drug discovery. These include the induction and detection of antibody as well as screening of antibody repertoires without the need to purify membrane proteins.
343. The preparation and examination of organic fluorine compounds. Part XXIV. The halogenation of fluorobenzene (1957)

G. Oláh, A. Pavláth and G. Varsányi, J. Chem. Soc., 1957, 1823 DOI: 10.1039/JR9570001823
Analysis and Control of Inertial Effects During Instrumented Impact Testing (1974)

To improve the understanding of load-time traces observed during instrumented impact testing, analytical and experimental studies have been conducted to determine the effects of inertial loading. The first load discontinuity in a load-time profile has been found to result from the interaction of a rapidly decreasing inertial load developed by Charpy specimens as they accelerate from rest and the finite ability of the instrumented tup to react to very rapid load transients. A model is developed which quantitatively correlates initial portions of load-time profiles for A1203 and U-3/4Ti with rigid-body accelerations of these materials. In addition, the magnitude of the initial load discontinuity is related to the acoustic impedances of the tup and specimen and the initial impact velocity in agreement with theory drawn from elastic wave mechanics. Successful correlation of this theory for a large variety of materials has allowed a semi-empirical relation to be developed for the prediction of inertial loads. Control procedures are suggested to both identify and reduce the role of inertial loads in instrumented impact testing.
Luminescent Gold Nanoparticles with pH-Dependent Membrane Adsorption (2011)

pH regulates many cellular processes and is also an indicator of disease progression. Therefore, pH-responsive materials often serve as either tools in the fundamental understanding of cell biology or medicine for disease diagnosis and therapy. While gold nanoparticles have broad biomedical applications, very few of them exhibit pH-dependent interactions with live cells in a native biological environment due to nonspecific serum protein adsorption. Herein, we report that by coating luminescent gold nanoparticles with a natural peptide, glutathione, and the simplest stable aminothiol, cysteamine, we enabled the nanoparticles to exhibit not only high resistance to serum protein adsorption but also pH-dependent adsorption onto live cell membranes in the presence of serum proteins. Incorporating this pH-dependent membrane adsorption behavior into gold nanoparticles could potentially catalyze new biomedical applications of metal nanoparticles in the fundamental understanding of biological processes as well as disease diagnosis and therapy, where pH changes are involved.
Hole-Conductor-Free Mesoscopic TiO<sub>2</sub>/CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> Heterojunction Solar Cells Based on Anatase Nanosheets and Carbon Counter Electrodes (2014)

A hole-conductor-free fully printable mesoscopic TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction solar cell was developed with TiO2 nanosheets containing high levels of exposed (001) facets. The solar cell embodiment employed a double layer of mesoporous TiO2 and ZrO2 as a scaffold infiltrated by perovskite as a light harvester. No hole conductor or Au reflector was employed. Instead, the back contact was simply a printable carbon layer. The perovskite was infiltrated from solution through the porous carbon layer. The high reactivity of (001) facets in TiO2 nanosheets improved the interfacial properties between the perovskite and the electron collector. As a result, photoelectric conversion efficiency of up to 10.64% was obtained with the hole-conductor-free fully printable mesoscopic TiO2/CH3NH3PbI3 heterojunction solar cell. The advantages of fully printable technology and the use of low-cost carbon-materials-based counter electrode and hole-conductor-free structure provide this design a promising prospect to approach low-cost photovoltaic devices.
TURBO Prologエキスパート・システム設計入門 : はじめての論理的プログラム (1989)

Ｔｕｒｂｏ Ｐｒｏｌｏｇとエキスパートシステムの基礎（エキスパートシステムの基礎；エキスパートシステム言語入門；Ｔｕｒｂｏ Ｐｒｏｌｏｇの使用法；Ｐｒｏｌｏｇ言語；Ｐｒｏｌｏｇのルールの使用；ユーザーインターフェイス—簡単な入力と出力；データベースの使用；実行の流れの制御；複合データ構造の使用：複合構造とリスト；特別なＰｒｏｌｏｇの技法；Ｔｕｒｂｏ Ｐｒｏｌｏｇでのプログラムの開発） エキスパートシステム設計（エキスパートシステム；知識表現のタイプ；エキスパートシステムのタイプ；探索戦略；目標と領域の定義；知識表現；知識の獲得；不確実性を伴う関係）
Plasma 1-palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl phosphatidylcholine. Evidence for extensive phospholipase A1 hydrolysis and hepatic metabolism of the products. (1991)

1-Palmitoyl-2-linoleoyl phosphatidylcholine (PLPC) labeled in either the choline, glycerol, palmitate, or linoleate component in reconstituted rat high density lipoprotein (rHDL), was administered by vein to rats with bile fistula and taurocholate infusion. PLPC disappeared from plasma in a monoexponential fashion with a half-life of 50 min. A small fraction, about 14%, of PLPC disappearance was due to removal of linoleate from the sn-2 ester bond to form plasma cholesterol esters, presumably by lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. Otherwise, nearly all of the PLPC components that disappeared from blood in 1 h were recovered in the liver. The choline, glycerol, and linoleate components appeared predominantly in hepatic phosphatidylcholine (PC). These three components remained together in the liver with similar fractions of each in individual PC molecular species, most notably 1-stearoyl-2-linoleoyl-PC and dilinoleoyl-PC as well as PLPC. However, the palmitate component was spread among hepatic triglyceride, free fatty acid, other phospholipids, and all palmitate-containing molecular species of PC. Less than 2% of any administered PLPC component appeared in 1-stearoyl-2-arachidonyl-PC, the major species by mass in the liver. The palmitate component from plasma PLPC appeared in biliary PC at a more rapid rate than glycerol and linoleate components; the latter components appeared in bile in identical fashion. The results show that about two-thirds of plasma PLPC disappearance is due to phospholipase A1 hydrolysis, probably hepatic lipase. The putative produce, 2-linoleoyl-lysoPC, is efficiently reacylated with a saturated fatty acid in the liver, conserving PC.
Flattened comb generation using only phase modulators driven by fundamental frequency sinusoidal sources with small frequency offset (2013)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a simple scheme to generate flattened optical subcarriers at low insertion loss using only phase modulators driven by fundamental frequency sinusoidal sources. A small frequency offset is introduced in the second stage to obtain phase-insensitive, stable, and flattened subcarriers. Theoretical and numerical analysis with experimental results are carried out on this scheme. Twenty-one stable comb tones with 25 GHz frequency spacing are obtained with power difference less than 3 dB. The good bit-error-ratio performance of 160.8 Gb/s polarization-division-multiplexing quadrature-phase-shift-keying signal carried by one selected subcarrier clearly demonstrates the feasibility of this comb generation scheme.