gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Underground Anaerobic Digester to Solve the Energy Balance Problem in Temperate Regions: A Pilot Study (2015)

<abstract> <b><sc>Abstract. </sc></b>Ambient temperature fluctuations that often yield a negative net energy gain are a problem associated with anaerobic digesters in temperate regions. To address this problem, the performance of an underground anaerobic digester (UGAD) was investigated. Because the soil temperature 3.0 m below the surface only varies in a range of Â±11.7°C over the seasons, it is possible to achieve a net energy gain. As such, a 20 m<sup>3</sup> UGAD was built and operated under mesophilic conditions from October 2010 to July 2011. The net energy balance for the maintenance of the mesophilic environment, methane production, organic and pathogen removal rate, and free ammonia (FA) concentration were examined. During the winter, when the average ambient temperature was -2.1ÂºC, the daily net energy gain was 66.4Â MJ. In addition, throughout the 268-day observation, the average methane production and specific yield at STP (273Â K) were 7.68 m<sup>3</sup> day<sup>-1</sup> and 333 L-CH<sub>4</sub> kg<sup>-1</sup> COD<sub>removed</sub>, respectively. The total chemical oxygen demand, 5-day biological oxygen demand, , and removal efficiency were 64.65%, 85.82%, 99.79%, and 99.82%, respectively. The combination of long HRT (27 days) and FA concentration may be the reason for the high pathogen removal efficiency. In addition, FA concentrations ranging from 146.1 to 653.5 mg-N L <sup>-1</sup> did not disrupt the anaerobic digestion processes. This study suggests that UGAD can be used as an alternative system for the anaerobic treatment of swine slurry in a temperate region with high organic and pathogen removal efficiency and net energy gain, even during the winter.
Relationship of structure and morphology to properties of “hard” elastic fibers and films (1973)

Abstract About 10 years ago it was discovered that highly crystalline polymers such as polypropylene and polyoxymethylene could be extruded in such a manner a s to produce remarkably elastic fibers and films which appeared superficially to behave like rubber or Spandex-type elastomers. Aside from the patent literature [l] these materials remained largely undescribed and unnoticed until the last 2 or 3 years when Clark and co-workers at duPont, and Quynn and co-workers at Celanese have published the first technical data and discussions [2-5].
Energy transfer enhanced laser cooling in Ho^3+ and Tm^3+-codoped lithium yttrium fluoride (2013)

We report a theoretical scheme for laser cooling of solids based on energy transfer usually found in rare-earth codoped materials. The cooling scheme enables a large enhancement in the cooling efficiency with regard to the standard anti-Stokes fluorescence cooling. A Ho3+ and Tm3+-codoped low-phonon crystal (LiYF4) sample is investigated to find that the cooling efficiency increases, and then decreases with the increasing of the resonant absorption. The optimal cooling efficiency is predicted to exceed 5%. The maximum cooling power density could be promoted greatly by applying the codoped cooling scheme. The cooling scheme is also valid for other rare-earth (for example, Tm3+ and Er3+, or Er3+ and Yb3+) codoped materials.
Noise-tolerant dynamic circuit design (2003)

Noise in deep submicron technology combined with the move towards dynamic circuit techniques for higher performance have raised concerns about reliability and energy efficiency of VLSI systems in the deep submicron era. To address this problem, a new noise-tolerant dynamic circuit technique is presented. In addition, the average noise threshold energy (ANTE) and the energy normalized ANTE metrics are proposed for quantifying the noise immunity and energy efficiency, respectively, of circuit techniques. Simulation results in 0.35 micron CMOS for NAND gate designs indicate that the proposed technique improves the ANTE and energy normalized ANTE by 2.54X and 2.25X over the conventional domino circuit. The improvement in energy normalized ANTE is 1.22X higher than the existing noise-tolerance techniques. A full adder design based on the proposed technique improves the ANTE and energy normalized ANTE by 3.7X and 1.95X over the conventional dynamic circuit. In comparison, the static circuit improves ANTE by 2.2X but degrades the energy normalized ANTE by 11%. In addition, the proposed technique has a smaller area overhead (69%) as compared to the static circuit whose area overhead is 98%.
Polycondensation of Urea and Boric Acid to Give Polyborate Ester, a Precursor for Boron Nitride (2007)

Polycondensations (condensation polymerization) are stepwise reactions between bifunctional or polyfunctional compoents, with elimination of simple molecules such as water or alcohol and the formation of macromolecular substances. Polyborate ester , formed by this process, gives ceramic materials during pyrolysis. Polymer pyrolysis offers an attractive alternative to the typical high temperature powder processing approach in the fabrication of high-performance ceramics. This approach might also prove to be useful in the fabrication of fibers, coatings, and composites. It is within this framework that the present study was undertaken; its aim is the preparation of boron-containing oligomeric precursors which gives boron nitride after pyrolysis. The precursor was synthesized by the condensation reaction between boric acid and urea (or other N-containing reactive multifunctional compounds). The oligomeric precursor and its pyrolysed products were thoroughly characterized by elemental analysis, IR, NMR, XRD, Thermal Analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy(TEM). The elemental analysis results of the oligomer are---- C-13.40%, H-5.97%, N-32.44% and B-17.09%. X-ray diffraction and TEM studies showed that boron nitride obtained from this system possess tetragonal structure.
Routing Layer Support for Service Discovery in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (2005)

Service discovery in mobile ad hoc networks is an essential process in order for these networks to be self-configurable. In this paper we argue that service discovery can be greatly enhanced in terms of efficiency (regarding service discoverability and energy consumption), by piggybacking service information in routing layer messages. Thus, a node requesting a service in addition to discovering that service, it is simultaneously informed of the route to the service provider. We extend the zone routing protocol in order to encapsulate service information in its routing messages and through extensive simulations we prove the superiority of our routing layer-enhanced service discovery scheme against an application layer-based flooding scheme.
Multiframe integration via the projective transformation with automated block matching feature point selection (1999)

A subpixel-resolution image registration algorithm based on the nonlinear projective transformation model is proposed to account for camera translation, rotation, zoom, pan, and tilt. Typically, parameter estimation techniques for transformation models require the user to manually select feature points between the images undergoing registration. In this research, block matching is used to automatically select correlated feature point pairs between two images, and these features are used to calculate an iterative least squares solution for the projective transformation parameters. Since block matching is capable of estimating accurate translation motion vectors only in discontinuous edge regions, inaccurate feature point pairs are statistically eliminated prior to computing the least squares parameter estimate. Convergence of the projective transformation model estimation algorithm is generally achieved in several iterations. After subpixel-resolution image registration, a high-resolution video still may be computed by integrating the registered pixels from a short sequence of low-resolution image sequence frames.
Removal of Ash from Indian Assam Coking Coal Using Sodium Hydroxide and Acid Solutions (2000)

Mineral matter (ash) removal from Assam coking coal by leaching with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide and acid (HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, and HF) solutions has been investigated at a temperature of 75oC. The parameters tested were concentration of NaOH, type of acid, concentration of acids, and number of acid leaching steps. Total ash removed increased with increase of NaOH and acid concentrations up to the range studied. For the same experimental conditions, treatment of caustic leached coal in HCl acid resulted in better demineralization than in H2SO4 or HNO3 acid. In the NaOH-HNO3 leaching method, a higher concentration (> 20%) of HNO3 acid had an adverse effect on the de-ashing of coal. The NaOH-HF leaching process has been found to be the most effective method of coal de-ashing. The two acid treatment steps (HCl-H2SO4 / HCl-HNO3) after caustic leaching are the next most effective methods of coal de-ashing. The removal of mineral matter (including S) from coal is expected to decrease the graphite reactivity and thus the atmospheric pollution (due to the generation of smaller quantities of CO and SO2 gases).
The Relevance Between Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM) and the Spatiotemporal Parameters of Gait in Children With Cerebral Palsy (2001)

This paper presents the relevance between GMFM and the spatiotemporal parameters of gait in children with cerebral palsy. Twenty-one children ( months) with cerebral palsy participated in this study. GMFM was performed and spatiotemporal parameters of gait were measured by foot print gait analysis. A correlation analysis was used to investigate the correlation between GMFM scores and spatiotemporal parameters of gait. A linear regression analysis was employed to find how much each gait spatiotemporal parameters could be predicted from GMFM scores. The total GMFM scores was significantly correlated with walking speed, cadence, and stride length. Dimensions D (standing) and E (walking, running, and jumping) were more significantly correlated with gait spatiotemporal parameters than dimensions A (lying and rolling), B (sitting), and C (crawling and kneeling). The GMFM scores were useful for predicting spatiotemporal parameters. However, it is difficult to predict the status of gait development using GMFM scores because GMFM scores and gait spatiotemporal parameters are only measured as quantities not qualities. In the field, it is easily found that many children with cerebral palsy are unable to walk in any way. Consequently, gait analysis cannot be performed in many cases. Therefore, it is more reasonable to investigate the influence of GMFM on spatiotemporal parameters, rather than vice versa.
Hydrogen therapy attenuates irradiation-induced lung damage by reducing oxidative stress (2011)

Molecular hydrogen (H(2)) is an efficient antioxidant that diffuses rapidly across cell membranes, reduces reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as hydroxyl radicals and peroxynitrite, and suppresses oxidative stress-induced injury in several organs. ROS have been implicated in radiation-induced damage to lungs. Because prompt elimination of irradiation-induced ROS should protect lung tissue from damaging effects of irradiation, we investigated the possibility that H(2) could serve as a radioprotector in the lung. Cells of the human lung epithelial cell line A549 received 10 Gy irradiation with or without H(2) treatment via H(2)-rich PBS or medium. We studied the possible radioprotective effects of H(2) by analyzing ROS and cell damage. Also, C57BL/6J female mice received 15 Gy irradiation to the thorax. Treatment groups inhaled 3% H(2) gas and drank H(2)-enriched water. We evaluated acute and late-irradiation lung damage after H(2) treatment. H(2) reduced the amount of irradiation-induced ROS in A549 cells, as shown by electron spin resonance and fluorescent indicator signals. H(2) also reduced cell damage, measured as levels of oxidative stress and apoptotic markers, and improved cell viability. Within 1 wk after whole thorax irradiation, immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting showed that H(2) treatment reduced oxidative stress and apoptosis, measures of acute damage, in the lungs of mice. At 5 mo after irradiation, chest computed tomography, Ashcroft scores, and type III collagen deposition demonstrated that H(2) treatment reduced lung fibrosis (late damage). This study thus demonstrated that H(2) treatment is valuable for protection against irradiation lung damage with no known toxicity.
Specific deficits of flicker sensitivity in glaucoma and ocular hypertension. (1981)

Temporal modulation sensitivity for a 5 degree flickering field was measured in central and peripheral retina for 46 eyes with glaucoma and ocular hypertension. Prior to showing any visual field loss by conventional perimetry, 90% of patients exhibited significant losses in sensitivity around a specific frequency of about 30 to 40 Hz. Low-frequency sensitivity and critical flicker frequency were often unaffected by such losses. The central field showed almost as pronounced a loss as 20 degree in the periphery.
An experimental investigation into the influence of user state and environment on fading characteristics in wireless body area networks at 2.45 GHz (2009)

Using seven strategically placed, time-synchronized body worn receivers covering the head, upper front and back torso, and the limbs, we have investigated the effect of user state: <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">stationary</i> <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">or</i> mobile and local environment: anechoic chamber, open office area and hallway upon first and second order statistics for on-body fading channels. Three candidate models were considered: Nakagami, Rice and lognormal. Using maximum likelihood estimation and the Akaike information criterion it was established that the Nakagami-m distribution best described small-scale fading for the majority of on-body channels over all the measurement scenarios. When the user was stationary, Nakagami-m parameters were found to be much greater than 1, irrespective of local surroundings. For mobile channels, Nakagami-m parameters significantly decreased, with channels in the open office area and hallway experiencing the worst fading conditions.
Formation of Poly(diacetylene) Thin Films with Uniform Fluorescence (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFormation of Poly(diacetylene) Thin Films with Uniform FluorescenceShirley J. Johnson, Ralf W. Tillmann, Tom A. Saul, Ben L. Liu, Paul M. Kenney, Jay S. Daulton, Hermann E. Gaub, and Hans O. RibiCite this: Langmuir 1995, 11, 4, 1257–1260Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00004a035https://doi.org/10.1021/la00004a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views131Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Mass-spectral identification and purification of phycoerythrobilin and phycocyanobilin (1979)

The bile-pigment chromophores of C-phycoerythrin (phycoerythrobilin) and C-phycocyanin (phycocyanobilin) were cleaved from their respective proteins with boiling methanol or butan-1-ol. They were purified as dicarboxylic acids by preparative reverse-phase liquid chromatography. Each pigment existed in two principal forms, which were characterized by using 20 pmol samples by proton-transfer chemical-ionization mass spectroscopy. These two principal forms were isomeric species, and all had protonated parent molecular ions with m/e 587, corresponding to a molecular weight of 586.
A Molecular Level Understanding of Zinc Activation of C-peptide and its Effects on Cellular Communication in the Bloodstream (2009)

Inspired by previous reports, our group has recently demonstrated that C-peptide exerts beneficial effects upon interactions with red blood cells (RBCs). These effects can be measured in RBCs obtained from animal models of both type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes, though to different extents. To date, the key metrics that have been measured involving C-peptide and RBCs include an increase in glucose uptake by these cells and a subsequent increase in adenosine triphosphate (ATP) release. Importantly, to date, our group has only been able to elicit these beneficial effects when the C-peptide is prepared in the presence of Zn2+. The C-peptide-induced release of ATP is of interest when considering that ATP is a purinergic signaling molecule known to stimulate the production of nitric oxide (NO) in the endothelium and in platelets. This NO production has been shown to participate in smooth muscle relaxation and subsequent vessel dilation. Furthermore, NO is a well-established platelet inhibitor. The objective of this review is to provide information pertaining to C-peptide activity on RBCs. Special attention is paid to the necessity of Zn2+ activation, and the origin of that activation in vivo. Finally, a mechanism is proposed that explains how C-peptide is exerting its effects on other cells in the bloodstream, particularly on endothelial cells and platelets, via its ability to stimulate the release of ATP from RBCs.
Housing associations' monitoring of managing agents: <i>Managing in a changing environment</i> (2000)

The recent publication Framework for Performance Assessment for RSLs working with Managing Agents (Housing Corporation, 2000a) contains new guidance for registered social landlords on monitoring service quality where managing agents operate supported housing schemes. This article outlines the recommended framework and examines how it might fare in the Supporting People environment that will operate from 2003.
Histometric texture analysis of DNA in thin sections from breast biopsies. Application to the detection of malignancy-associated changes in carcinoma in situ. (1995)

The existence of malignancy-associated changes in the breast was confirmed by an independent analysis of the same specimens. Although the two methods are not directly comparable, we found that histometric texture analysis performs at least as well as single-cell analysis for the detection of malignancy-associated changes in breast carcinoma.
The Sarcoplasmic Reticulum in Muscle Fatigue and Disease: Role of the Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum Ca<sup>2+</sup>-ATPase (2004)

Skeletal muscles induced to contract repeatedly respond with a progressive loss in their ability to generate a target force or power. This condition is known simply as fatigue. Commonly, fatigue may persist for prolonged periods of time, particularly at low activation frequencies, which is called low-frequency fatigue. Failure to activate the contractile apparatus with the appropriate intracellular free calcium ([Ca2+]f) signal contributes to fatigue but the precise mechanisms involved are unknown. The sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) is the major organelle in muscle that is responsible for the regulation of [Ca2+]f, and numerous studies have shown that SR function, both Ca2+ release and Ca2+ uptake, is impaired following fatiguing contractile activity. The major aim of this review is to provide insight into the various cellular mechanisms underlying the alterations in SR Ca2+ cycling and cytosolic [Ca2+]f that are associated both with the development of fatigue during repeated muscle contraction and with low-frequency or long-lasting fatigue. The primary focus will be on the role of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) in normal muscle function, fatigue, and disease.
Psychedelic microdosing benefits and challenges: an empirical codebook (2019)

These mixed-methods results help summarize and frame the experiences reported by an active microdosing community as high-potential avenues for future scientific research. The MDBC taxonomy reported here informs future research, leveraging participant reports to distil the highest-potential intervention targets so research funding can be efficiently allocated. Microdosing research complements the full-dose literature as clinical treatments are developed and neuropharmacological mechanisms are sought. This framework aims to inform researchers and clinicians as experimental microdosing research begins in earnest in the years to come.
Military Drones in Europe: The European Defense Market and the Spread of Military UAV Technology (2019)

This report provides the critical insights that national<br/>governments and defense companies need in order to<br/>navigate the European military drone landscape and<br/>offers a guide to their strategic planning and investment.<br/>Observing the international proliferation of military<br/>Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), also known as drones,<br/>the report puts together a comprehensive overview of<br/>military drones in Europe to conceptualize the diffusion<br/>of UAV technology and the competition dynamics on<br/>the European defense market. This political-strategic<br/>comparative analysis identifies and qualitatively assesses<br/>the key developments in the European military drone<br/>landscape. The report puts forward that despite the<br/>continuing proliferation of military drones in Europe,<br/>significant differences in military drone capabilities persist<br/>among European countries. Importantly, no European<br/>indigenous advanced drone has achieved full operational<br/>capability yet. In this respect, the North Atlantic Treaty<br/>Organization (NATO) and the European Union (EU), each<br/>via its own institutional logic, act as facilitators of the<br/>military technology diffusion through various enabling,<br/>funding, and networking mechanisms. The commercial<br/>sector further animates the European defense market in<br/>the category of smaller UAVs. The next-generation UAV<br/>technology driven by the increasing level of autonomy<br/>and the concepts of manned-unmanned teaming and<br/>swarming, together with the development of counterdrone<br/>systems, will characterize the future drone race on<br/>the European defense market.<br/>The report proceeds in three steps. First, it maps the<br/>military drone capabilities in selected seventeen European<br/>countries with respect to all three main classes of drones:<br/>advanced, tactical, and small. The resulting drone clubs<br/>are based on countries’ procurement strategies and<br/>defense cooperation patterns. Second, the report adds<br/>an institutional layer to the analysis. It assesses the<br/>strengths and weaknesses of both NATO and the EU in<br/>terms of existing institutional channels central to the<br/>development of UAV capability, especially in the context<br/>of the emerging EU-wide regulatory framework and its<br/>growing role in the defense and security domain. Third,<br/>the concluding analysis of future trends in the military<br/>UAV technology further elaborates on drone warfare and<br/>defense cooperation in Europe.
ChemInform Abstract: CARBANIONIC HETEROCYCLIC SYSTEMS (1978)

Abstract Vortrag gehalten auf dem "Sixth International Congress of Heterocyclic Chemistry" in Tehran Univ., Tehran, Iran, vom 9±13.7.1977.