gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ADVANCED PROTEIN GLYCOSYLATION IN DIABETES AND AGING (1995)

Products of advanced protein glycosylation (advanced glycation end products, or AGEs) accumulate in tissues as a function of time and sugar concentration. AGEs induce permanent abnormalities in extracellular matrix component function, stimulate cytokine and reactive oxygen species production through AGE-specific receptors, and modify intracellular proteins. Pharmacologic inhibition of AGE formation in long-term diabetic animals prevents diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, neuropathy, and arterial abnormalities in animal models. Clinical trials in humans are currently in progress.
Calibration and applications of a high‐precision piezo scanner for nanometrology (1995)

Abstract Piezoelectric tube scanners are being used with many scanning probe microscopes for scanning sample surfaces in three dimensions. Since the piezo effect has nonlinearity, hysteresis, and drift, difficulties will occur with distortion, reproducibility, and accuracy of measurements (Barrett and Quate 1991). Correction procedures, which are not based on improvement of linearity of scan movements, will still be affected by remaining nonlinearities of an order of a few percent. The manufacturing of increasing amounts of miniaturized structures for microsystems and semiconductors, as well as certification of standards and measuring devices, will, however, require higher accuracy of profile measurements in the submicrometer and nanometer range. This publication describes a scanner which has a nonlinearity of < 0.05%, a procedure for calibration and detection of nonlinearity, as well as some applications. The calibration technique is based on the fact that manufacturing and measurement of optical diffraction gratings can be very well controlled, allowing light wavelength as an indirect reference in the nanometer range (Antrak 1993, Bartzke et al . 1993, Grunewald 1993, Hutley 1982).
Multi-Frequency Microwave Resonance Cavity for Nondestructive Core Plug Measurements (2018)

This work describes the theory, design and testing of a multi-frequency microwave cavity. The cavity measures the complex permittivity of core plugs of rocks, consolidated soil or sea ice. The core plugs can have commercially available diameter dimensions (0.02 meters – 0.038 meters) and for maximum height of 0.055 meters. The cavity measures the complex permittivity at five resonant frequencies between 1 GHz and 3.5 GHz of the TM <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0np</inf> mode. An infrared temperature sensor measures the temperature of the core plug under testing. This cavity allows for a more accurate characterization of the core composition. Initial complex permittivity measurements of six different shale core plugs were conducted. Results show that permittivity spectra can be correlated to the clay content and total organic content (TOC) of the shales. The latter is a function of the maturity of the rock. Moreover, initial results indicate the importance of water and salinity on shale samples.
OPTICALLY TRANSPARENT GLASS WITH VERTICALLY ALIGNED SURFACE <font>Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub></font> NANOWIRES HAVING SUPERHYDROPHOBIC CHARACTERISTICS (2010)

We have shown in this paper that the self-ordered pore structure of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) can be utilized as a basis to conveniently form large-area Al 2 O 3 nanowire arrays on a glass surface. An aluminum oxide nanowire array has been produced by aluminum film deposition on glass followed by anodization, then simple chemical etching. The glass surface as prepared is highly superhydrophobic, with a contact angle as high as 169°. The thinness (~ 340 nm) and vertical alignment of the aluminum oxide nanowires with empty spaces in-between essentially contribute to maintaining the optical transparency of the glass substrate. Interestingly, substantially suppressed UV transmission in the ~ 300–400 nm spectrum region was observed with the presence of the Al 2 O 3 nanowires on the glass substrate. Such a durable surface ceramic nanowire structure can be useful for producing superhydrophobic, self-cleaning glasses with a variety of potential applications such as UV protecting glass windows for high rise buildings with reduced consumption of water and cleaning chemicals for positive environmental effects.
Multi-function Internet appliances (2002)

PlanetWeb's vision for Internet in the living room revolves around a few simple principles: the Internet should be easy to use, fun to use and affordable. We've made the Internet much easier to use than a computer with a simple, clean user interface design. The Internet should also be fun to use-the consumer should see the Internet as simply another form of entertainment. PlanetWeb's software design leverages Internet content and makes it more fun. Perhaps the most important aspect of consumer Internet is price point. PlanetWeb believes that for the Internet to become a successful consumer application the price point needs to be in the range of $49 to $199. We don't believe that the consumer will walk into their favorite consumer electronics store and demand a $300+ Internet access box. The only way that the Internet will genuinely reach the sub $200 price range is through the advent of multi function Internet appliances.
A Rhesus Macaque Rhadinovirus Related to Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus/Human Herpesvirus 8 Encodes a Functional Homologue of Interleukin-6 (1999)

The rhesus rhadinovirus strain 17577 (RRV strain 17577) genome is essentially colinear with human herpesvirus 8 (HHV8)/Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) and encodes several analogous open reading frames (ORFs), including the homologue of cellular interleukin-6 (IL-6). To determine if the RRV IL-6-like ORF (RvIL-6) is biologically functional, it was expressed either transiently in COS-1 cells or purified from bacteria as a glutathione S-transferase (GST)-RvIL-6 fusion and analyzed by IL-6 bioassays. Utilizing the IL-6-dependent B9 cell line, we found that both forms of RvIL-6 supported cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, antibodies specific to the IL-6 receptor (IL-6R) or the gp130 subunit were capable of blocking the stimulatory effects of RvIL-6. Reciprocal titrations of GST-RvIL-6 against human recombinant IL-6 produced a more-than-additive stimulatory effect, suggesting that RvIL-6 does not inhibit but may instead potentiate normal cellular IL-6 signaling to B cells. These results demonstrate that RRV encodes an accessory protein with IL-6-like activity.
Combustion Oxidization Synthesis of Unique Cage-Like Nanotetrapod ZnO and Its Optical Property (2006)

Cage-like nano-tetrapod ZnO is a novel structure, which was successfully synthesized by combustion oxidation at 850 degrees C. No catalyst or carrier gases were used. Thorough SEM and TEM analyses revealed that the linking legs of the tetrapod ZnO can have or not interface. The formation or not of an interface is discussed and it was attributed to different growth process of the cage-like ZnO nano-tetrapod. Enhanced UV emission peak at the wavelength of 375 nm, featuring high intensity and narrow width, indicates a highly crystalline structure. A green emission, recorded at 502 nm, was related to the defects of the surface of the branching configuration as well as to the ZnO nuclei of the cage-like nano-tetrapod ZnO.
Intrinsic flexor-tendon repair. A morphological study in vitro. (1984)

The results of this experimental study support the concept that flexor tendons have the intrinsic capacity to phagocytize old collagen and synthesize new collagen fibrils. Consequently, clinical attempts to prevent or control the peripheral adhesions appear valid, since these adhesions do not appear to be an essential component of the repair process.
Oligo(ether sulfones). 3. Block Copolymers via Condensation Reactions of Telechelic Oligo(ether sulfones) Bearing Phenolic Endgroups and Oligomeric α,ω-Diols (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTOligo(ether sulfones). 3.† Block Copolymers via Condensation Reactions of Telechelic Oligo(ether sulfones) Bearing Phenolic Endgroups and Oligomeric α,ω-DiolsBarbara Rodewald and Helmut RitterView Author Information Johannes-Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Institute for Organic Chemistry, Becherweg 18-22, D-55099 Mainz, Germany Cite this: Macromolecules 1999, 32, 5, 1697–1700Publication Date (Web):February 12, 1999Publication History Received26 August 1998Revised8 December 1998Published online12 February 1999Published inissue 1 March 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma981342ghttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma981342gbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views155Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alkyls,Copolymers,Functionalization,Organic compounds,Sulfones Get e-Alerts
Effects of Selecting Channel Direction in Improving Performance of Sub-100 nm MOSFETs Fabricated on (110) Surface Si Substrate (2004)

We investigated the low field mobility and short channel characteristics of metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) on (110) surface Si substrates with various channel directions from the viewpoints of experiment and numerical simulation. We found that the mobility (µ) ratio of (110) substrates to (001) substrates (µ (110) /µ (001) ) does not depend on the vertical electric field due to the identical surface roughness for (110) and (001) substrates. We verified mobility enhancement and its channel direction dependence by conducting a detailed carrier transport simulation using a full band model and relaxation time approximation. We obtained good threshold voltage ( V th ) lowering characteristics due to the suppression of channeling at the source and drain (SD) extension by implant sequence control. Our results showed that the improvement in propagation delay time ( C V / I ) and on-current ratio of nMOS to pMOS ( I on n / I on p ) obtained by using an optimized combination of channel directions and a (110) surface Si substrate is attractive for future LSIs down to the sub-100 nm region.
Lymphatic Mapping and Focused Analysis of Sentinel Lymph Nodes Upstage Gastrointestinal Neoplasms (2000)

Lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymphadenectomy are feasible in GI neoplasms and identify aberrant lymphatic drainage. The SN status accurately reflects the regional node status. Focused analysis of the SN increases the detection of micrometastases and may improve selection of patients for adjuvant treatment.
A new method for efficient detection of Cryptosporidium RNA by real-time reverse transcription-PCR with surfactants (2015)

Cryptosporidium is one of the most common causes of waterborne diseases worldwide. Its oocysts possess a robust wall that is extremely resistant to the chlorine used for potable water disinfection. The current procedures of nucleic acid extraction and purification, such as the freeze–thaw (F/T) method and the commercial kits, are time consuming and expensive. To this end, a surfactant extraction treatment (SET) was developed as a method to extract nucleic acids from Cryptosporidium using only surfactants. The use of 18S rRNA improves the sensitivity of Cryptosporidium detection for real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), because 18S rRNA molecules are constitutively present in high copy numbers. Therefore, we applied SET to the detection of Cryptosporidium 18S rRNA using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR for the first time. RT-PCR was inhibited by 0.01% of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), whereas the inhibition did not occur with 5% of the nonionic surfactants Tween 20, Triton X-100, Tween 80, and Triton X-114. However, the nonionic surfactants could not completely suppress the inhibition induced by 0.1% SDS. We successfully extracted 18S rRNA genes from oocysts by SET without the F/T method and detected them by real-time RT-PCR.
Calcium-Activated Chloride Channel in Rat Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells (2006)

Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCC) are crucial regulators of vascular tone by promoting a depolarizing influence on the resting membrane potential of vascular smooth muscle cells. The chloride equilibrium potential (ECl) of pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells (PASMC) is significantly more positive than the resting potential. The role of CaCC is probably to produce membrane depolarization and consequent opening of voltage-dependent calcium channels (VDCCs) to evoke contraction by influx of extracellular Ca2+. Using the whole cell patch-clamp technique, sustained Ca2+-activated Cl- currents (ICl(Ca)) evoked by K+ free pipette solutions containing 500nM Ca2+ were recorded in single rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cell. The electrophysiological characters of CaCC and its possible contributions to the rat pulmonary artery tone were studied. In conclusion, ICl(Ca) exhibited the typical outwardly rectifying. The steady states currents and activation/inactivation time constant of ICl(Ca) have obvious voltage dependence when evoked by fixed 500nM [Ca2+]i. However, increasing the duration of a +70 mV test pulse from 200 to 1400 ms didn’t significantly augment the amplitude of the outward current relaxation and tail current. The possible reasons are discussed. Key words: Calcium-activated chloride channel,
Photochemical Generation of Superoxide Radical and the Cytotoxicity of Phthalocyanines (1985)

The effect of the central metal atom on the photodynamic activity of phthalocyanine dyes has been estimated by cytotoxicity to cultured Chinese hamster cells. Chloroaluminium phthalocyanine,, followed by the Zn- derivate, were found to be the only active dyes. In parallel it was found that visible light (615 +/- 10 nm) excitation of phthalocyanines dissolved in dimethylsulphoxide in the presence of oxygen generates superoxide radical anion. O2- radicals were spin--trapped with 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline-1-oxide (DMPO) and identified by electron spin resonance. The quantum yields for O2- generation range from 10(-5) (Zn-phthalocyanine) to 4.2 X 10(-4) (Ga-phthalocyanine). The efficiency of generating O2- was apparently uncorrelated with the phototoxicity of the same dyes. Furthermore, the biological photodamage could not be inhibited by the addition of superoxide dismutase. It is concluded that O2- is involved very little, if at all, in the phthalocyanine-induced photo-killing of mammalian cells.
Cryopreservation of intact human articular cartilage (2002)

Damaged articular cartilage (AC) impairs joint function and many treatment techniques are being investigated to determine their long term results. Successful cryopreservation of AC can provide a reliable source of intact matrix with viable chondrocytes to maintain the cartilage over long periods of time. This study investigated the application of an established cryopreservation protocol to determine the recovery of intact chondrocytes from human AC. Ten millimeter diameter osteochondral dowels were harvested from two human donors. The cryopreservation protocol was performed and the samples were rapidly warmed from varying experimental holding temperatures (-10, -20, -30, -40 degrees C), with and without plunging into liquid nitrogen, using 1 M dimethyl sulfoxide as cryoprotectant. The cartilage was stained with membrane integrity dyes and viewed under fluorescence microscopy. The percent of intact chondrocytes was compared to fresh controls. Low recovery of intact chondrocytes was recorded from all temperature levels with and without cryoprotectant. The results of this experiment demonstrated that the cryopreservation procedure used to achieve moderate success with intact sheep AC was not successful with intact human AC and further investigation is required.
Pharmacological protection of hearing loss in the mouse model of endolymphatic hydrops (2010)

This study demonstrates pharmacological hearing protection in an animal model of ELH. The results support the assertion that inflammatory (reactive oxygen species) injury, which is part of the excitotoxic pathway, contributes to the development of ELH-associated hearing loss.
Social Factors Relevant to Capturing Design Decisions (2007)

We present results from a qualitative study of design decision making that used interviews, observations and participatory observations to describe inherent traits of software design decision makers. We find that designers do not always strive for optimal design solutions, that designers do not always consider alternatives when making design decisions, and that alternatives are considered more often in groups of people having a casual conversation. We highlight that tool support for capturing design rationale and intent should first recognize the way decisions are inherently made in software environments and we provide a summary of our results as an indicator of requirements for such tools.
APC-dependent suppression of colon carcinogenesis by PPARγ (2002)

Activation of PPARgamma by synthetic ligands, such as thiazolidinediones, stimulates adipogenesis and improves insulin sensitivity. Although thiazolidinediones represent a major therapy for type 2 diabetes, conflicting studies showing that these agents can increase or decrease colonic tumors in mice have raised concerns about the role of PPARgamma in colon cancer. To analyze critically the role of this receptor, we have used mice heterozygous for Ppargamma with both chemical and genetic models of this malignancy. Heterozygous loss of PPARgamma causes an increase in beta-catenin levels and a greater incidence of colon cancer when animals are treated with azoxymethane. However, mice with preexisting damage to Apc, a regulator of beta-catenin, develop tumors in a manner insensitive to the status of PPARgamma. These data show that PPARgamma can suppress beta-catenin levels and colon carcinogenesis but only before damage to the APC/beta-catenin pathway. This finding suggests a potentially important use for PPARgamma ligands as chemopreventative agents in colon cancer.
<i>In Vitro</i>Skin Permeation Methodology (2011)

Final international acceptance of the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) 428 “Guideline for the Testing of Chemicals: Skin AbsorptionIn Vitro Method” and the associated Guidance 28 in 2004 marked an important point in the regulatory acceptance of in vitro methods for examination of skin permeation and distribution. These set out a detailed framework of the numerous issues that should be addressed in study design if meaningful data are to be obtained. However, they allow significant variations in protocol design that, although to some extent are desirable in terms of ensuring that a particular study uses conditions that are relevant and appropriate to the use of the data, some experts believe that this results in a guideline and guidance that are actually too imprecise to ensure that study data are consistent and reproducible. The latter view can be effectively countered by the argument that a “one size fits all” protocol cannot be appropriate for all test substances and exposure scenarios. It is important to appreciate that the OECD has provided guidelines and not a specific protocol that can be instantly applied without extensive preexperimental consideration of the nature of the test material, exposure scenario, and the objectives of the study. It is also important to appreciate that in the “ reporting ” section, OECD 428 includes an extensive list of required experimental detail, together with the requirement to justify the test system . Comprehensive justification of the test system includes a wide range of parameters, including species, membrane type, receptor fluid, integrity testing, test vehicle, dose applied, time points and experimental duration, terminal washing procedures, extraction methods, and assay validation. Only prestudy performance of such a justification procedure in the design of a specific experimental protocol can ensure that production of relevant data is possible.
Bacterial skin commensals and their role as host guardians (2013)

Recent years' investigations of the co-evolution and functional integration of the human body and its commensal microbiota have disclosed that the microbiome has a major impact on physiological functions including protection against infections, reaction patterns in the immune system, and disposition for inflammation-mediated diseases. Two ubiquitous members of the skin microbiota, the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus epidermidis and Propionibacterium acnes, are predominant on human epithelia and in sebaceous follicles, respectively. Their successful colonisation is a result of a commensal or even mutualistic lifestyle, favouring traits conferring persistency over aggressive host-damaging properties. Some bacterial properties suggest an alliance with the host to keep transient, potential pathogens at bay, such as the ability of S. epidermidis to produce antimicrobials, or the production of short-chain fatty acids by P. acnes. These features can function together with host-derived components of the innate host defence to establish and maintain the composition of a health-associated skin microbiota. However, depending largely on the host status, the relationship between the human host and S. epidermidis/P. acnes can also have parasitic features. Both microorganisms are frequently isolated from opportunistic infections. S. epidermidis is a causative agent of hospital-acquired infections, mostly associated with the use of medical devices. P. acnes is suspected to be of major importance in the pathogenesis of acne and also in a number of other opportunistic infections. In this review we will present bacterial factors and traits of these two key members of our skin microbiota and discuss how they contribute to mutualistic and parasitic properties. The elucidation of their roles in health-promoting or disease-causing processes could lead to new prophylactic and therapeutic strategies against skin disorders and other S. epidermidis/P. acnes-associated diseases, and increase our understanding of the delicate interplay of the skin microbiota with the human host.
INLAYING DRAWINGS: AN ASSESSMENT OF TWO METHODS (1996)

Summary The paper is an empirical assessment of two methods of inlaying drawings, with the aim of assisting conservators in the selection of mounting methods for the collection of drawings at The British Museum. The first method tested was the traditional bevelled inlay and the second the more recently adopted ‘strip’ method. A set of samples inlaid using each of the two methods were subjected to changing levels of relative humidity and observed for (i) overall cockling; (ii) curvature; and (iii) bulging distortion along the join between the inlay and the drawing. The results of the tests seem to indicate that the strip method is preferable to the traditional method, particularly in the case of thinner drawing papers. The overall extent of cockling on all samples seemed to depend on the hygroexpansive properties of the papers and the adhesive selected for the join.
Deposition of colloidal quantum dots by microcontact printing for LED display technology (2006)

Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2006.