gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Vertical electrostatically 90° turning flaps for reflective MEMS display (2011)

A new kind of MEMS reflective display is being developed having high contrast and reflectivity, better than on printed paper. The system is based on novel vertical flaps, which can be electrostatically turned by 90° to horizontal position. After fabrication, the poly-silicon flaps are vertical to the wafer surface and on the top suspended by torsion beams. In this state the pixel is black, incoming ambient light passes by the flaps and is absorbed by an underlying absorptive layer. When the flaps are turned to horizontal position light is reflected back and the pixel gets white. A self-aligning four masks bulk microfabrication process is employed, which uses poly-silicon filling of high aspect-ratio cavities. Parylene was also employed as flap material. Thanks to auto stress-compensation the flaps are not deformed due to intrinsic stresses. Low actuation voltages down to 20V can be achieved.
Listeriolysin O as a strong immunogenic molecule for the development of new anti-tumor vaccines (2013)

The pore-forming toxin listeriolysin O (LLO), which is produced by Listeria monocytogenes, mediates bacterial phagosomal escape and facilitates bacterial multiplication during infection. This toxin has recently gained attention because of its confirmed role in the controlled and specific modulation of the immune response. Currently, cancer immunotherapies are focused on conquering the immune tolerance induced by poorly immunogenic tumor antigens and eliciting strong, lasting immunological memory. An effective way to achieve these goals is the co-administration of potent immunomodulatory adjuvant components with vaccine vectors. LLO, a toxin that belongs to the family of cholesterol-dependent cytolysins (CDCs), exhibits potent cell type-non-specific toxicity and is a source of dominant CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell epitopes. According to recent research, in addition to its effective cytotoxicity as a cancer immunotherapeutic drug, the non-specific adjuvant property of LLO makes it promising for the development of efficacious anti-tumor vaccines.
A Human Computer Interaction Solution for Radiology Reporting: Evaluation of the Factors of Variation (2016)

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the human and technical factors required to create a human-computer interface (HCI) for a structured reporting solution based on eye-gaze and speech signals. Gaze and speech signals from radiologists acquired during simulated image interpretation and dictation sessions were analyzed to determine a) variation of temporal relationship between eye gaze and speech in a dictation environment, and b) variation in eye movements for a particular image interpretation task among radiologists. Knowledge of these factors provides information regarding the complexity of the image interpretation or dictation task, and provides information that can be used to design a HCI for use in diagnostic radiology. Our ultimate goal is to use these data to create an HCI to automate the generation of a particular type of structured radiology report. Our data indicate that the a) temporal relationships between eye gaze and speech and b) scan paths substantially vary among radiologists, thus implying that an HCI system based on eye gaze and speech for automating the capture of data for structured reporting processes should be customized for each user. The image resolution and layout, image content, and order of targets during an image interpretation session are not relevant factors to consider when designing an HCI. Our findings can be applied to the design of other HCI solutions for radiological applications that involve visual inspection and verbal descriptions of image findings.
Accurate and effective multidrug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis detection method using gap-filling ligation coupled with high-resolution capillary electrophoresis-based single strand conformation polymorphism (2017)

Tuberculosis (TB) has severely threatened public health via emerging multidrug-resistant (MDR) and extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) strains. For effective TB treatment, rapid, accurate, and multiplex detection of drug resistance is extremely important. However, conventional methods for TB diagnosis are time consuming and have a limited effect on treatment. Nucleic acid-based molecular detection methods have been developed as an effective MDR/XDR-TB diagnosis technology. Among the nucleic acid-based methods, ligation-dependent methods are attractive as MDR/XDR-MTB detection technologies, but multiplex analysis is limited by the detection method. Although an electrophoresis-based method is considered for multiple target detection because it is free from the errors pertaining to hybridization-based systems, the procedure of multiplex analysis is quite complicated owing to the DNA size-based separation system. In this study, we report an accurate, rapid, and simple multiple MDR/XDR-MTB detection technology using gap-filling ligation reaction coupled with high-resolution capillary electrophoresis-based single-strand conformation polymorphism. Using this system, rapid and accurate MDR/XDR-MTB detection is feasible via similar length probes without the complicated step of probe design. We found that this method could accurately and effectively detect highly polymorphic regions in specific codons associated with drug resistance.
Servicios de agua y saneamiento para los pobres del sector urbano : pequenos proveedores - tipología y perfiles (1998)

Poor urban populations are without access to the water and sanitation services, despite sector modernization. This has raised interest in the small-scale and informal private sector. These small providers have the potential to deliver improved services to low-income areas at comparatively low investment costs; This survey is a first step toward understanding who these providers are, the range of services they offer and the key elements of their successful operations. This paper describes twenty small private providers: from community-based businesses, to NGOs, to commercial entrepreneurs, working in the water supply and sanitation sector in Africa, Latin America, Caribbean and Asia.
Quasi-Relativistic Doppler Effect and Non-Reciprocal Plasmons in Graphene (2015)

Strong optical nonreciprocity at the nanoscale, relying on extreme one-way modes and backscattering suppression, can enable fundamentally new approaches in optoelectronics and plasmonics. Of special interest is achieving nonreciprocity in systems devoid of magnetic couplings. We describe a new approach based on the plasmonic Doppler effect which takes place for plasmons propagating in the presence of an electrical DC current. Large carrier drift velocities reachable in high-mobility electron systems, such as graphene, can enable strongly nonreciprocal or even fully one-way modes. Striking effects such as mode isolation and one-way transmission in DC-current-controlled Mach-Zehnder interferometers provide clear manifestations of plasmonic nonreciprocity. Phenomena such as plasmon resonance splitting into a doublet, induced by a DC current, afford new ways to generate and exploit unidirectionally propagating plasmon modes.
cw carbon monoxide laser with rf excitation in the supersonic flow (1980)

A cw CO laser with rf discharge transverse to the supersonic flow is described. Using segmented electrodes an electric power density of 33 W/cm3 or 0.15 eV/CO molecule is deposited in a homogeneous arc-free plasma at 7 Torr. At a laser power of 60 W the emission occurs predominantly on the V=5→4 and 4→3 transitions.
Listeria--review of epidemiology and pathogenesis. (2007)

Listeria monocytogenes (commonly called Listeria) is a Gram-positive facultatively intracellular foodborne pathogen often found in food and elsewhere in nature. It can cause a rare but serious disease called listeriosis, especially among pregnant women, the elderly or individuals with a weakened immune system. In serious cases, it can lead to brain infection and even death. Listeria is more likely to cause death than other bacteria that cause food poisoning. In fact, 20 to 30% of food borne listeriosis infections in high-risk individuals may be fatal. Recent technological developments have increased the ability of scientists to identify the cause of foodborne illnesses. L. monocytogenes has been used as a model organism for the study of intracellular parasitism. Whilst the basic mechanisms of cellular pathogenesis have been elucidated by a series of elegant studies, recent research has begun to focus upon the gastrointestinal phase of L. monocytogenes infection. Epidemiological studies of outbreaks of human disease now demonstrate that the pathogen can cause gastroenteritis in the absence of invasive disease and associated mortality. Elucidation of whole genome sequences and virulence determinants have greatly contributed to understanding of the organism and its infection pathways.
For a social network analysis of computer networks (1996)

Article Free Access Share on For a social network analysis of computer networks: a sociological perspective on collaborative work and virtual community Author: Barry Wellman Centre for Urban and Community Studies, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, Canada Centre for Urban and Community Studies, Univ. of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaView Profile Authors Info & Claims SIGCPR '96: Proceedings of the 1996 ACM SIGCPR/SIGMIS conference on Computer personnel researchApril 1996 Pages 1–11https://doi.org/10.1145/238857.238860Published:11 April 1996Publication History 83citation5,329DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations83Total Downloads5,329Last 12 Months186Last 6 weeks66 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Epitaxial alignment of polycrystalline Si films on (100) Si (1980)

We demonstrate that fine-grained polycrystalline Si films obtained by chemical vapor deposition can be aligned expitaxially with respect to the underlying (100) Si substrate upon furnace annealing at temperatures of 1000–1150 °C. The alignment proceeds basically by the formation of epitaxial columns which subsequently grow laterally to consume the remaining polycrystalline Si. The rates of alignment are measured to be 20–200 Å/min in the temperature interval of annealing with an activation energy of 4.7 eV. The epitaxial layers so obtained are of reasonably good crystal quality and contains only a small amount of planar crystallographic defects.
Amino acid metabolism in intestinal bacteria: links between gut ecology and host health (2010)

Bacteria in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract play an important role in the metabolism of dietary substances in the gut and extraintestinal tissues. Amino acids (AA) should be taken into consideration in the development of new strategies to enhance efficiency of nutrient utilization because they are not only major components in the diet and building blocks for protein but also regulate energy and protein homeostasis in organisms. The diversity of the AA-fermenting bacteria and their metabolic redundancy make them easier to survive and interact with their neighboring species or eukaryotic host during transition along GI tract. The outcomes of the interactions have important impacts on gut health and whole-body homeostasis. The AA-derived molecules produced by intestinal bacteria affect host health by regulating either host immunity and cell function or microbial composition and metabolism. Emerging evidence shows that dietary factors, such as protein, non-digestible carbohydrates, probiotics, synbiotics and phytochemicals, modulate AA utilization by gut microorganisms. Interdisciplinary research involving nutritionists and microbiologists is expected to rapidly expand knowledge about crucial roles for AA in gut ecology and host health.
Optimization of Freeze-Drying Cycle for<i>Tert</i>-Butanol–Based Formulations of Ibuprofen (2013)

We carried out the formulation set-up and thermodynamics as well as morphological characterization of two systems: an aqueous-based formulation and an organic-solvent-based formulation with tert-butanol (TBA) at eutectic composition (20% TBA + water 80% by mass) containing ibuprofen as the model pharmaceutical active component. The goal was to carry out the optimization of a soft freeze-drying cycle for heat-sensitive drugs. The organic-based ibuprofen formulation had a glass transition temperature significantly higher compared to that of the aqueous-based ibuprofen formulation, which allowed much higher sublimation temperatures for these systems in comparison with the pure water-based ibuprofen formulations. The morphological study of the frozen organic-based formulation showed unexpected behavior in comparison with previous literature data reported for water-based formulations. For the same freezing rates, the mean diameters of the solvent crystals of organic-based formulations were much larger than that of ice crystals of aqueous-based formulation, which led to a freeze-dried matrix of higher permeability. In contrast to what was observed with the aqueous-based formulations, the freezing rates, in the range of classical industrial values investigated, had no significant effect on the supercooling of the liquid ibuprofen formulations tested as well as on the nucleation temperatures and on the morphology of the organic solvent crystals. All these singular characteristics, with lower sublimation enthalpies and higher equilibrium vapor pressure values previously measured with the same formulations in our laboratory, explain the large reduction of sublimation times observed during the soft freeze-drying processes for heat-sensitive drugs with organic (TBA)-based formulations.
Joint Shape and Texture Based X-Ray Cargo Image Classification (2014)

Security & Inspection X-Ray Systems is widely used by custom to accomplish some security missions by inspecting import-export cargo. Due to the specificity of cargo X-Ray image, such as overlap, viewpoint dependence, and variants of cargo categories, it couldn't be understood easily like natural ones by human. Even for experienced screeners, it's very difficult to judge cargo category and contraband. In this paper, cargo X-Ray image is described by joint shape and texture feature, which could reflect both cargo stacking mode and interior details. Classification performance is compared with the benchmark method by top hit 1, 3, 5 ratio, and it's demonstrated that good performance is achieved here. In addition, we also discuss X-Ray image property and explore some reasons why cargo classification under X-Ray is very difficult.
Treatment of industrial wastewaters with ozone/hydrogen peroxide (1995)

Treatment with ozone and ozone/hydrogen peroxide was tested in a laboratory scale reactor for removal of organics from four different industrial wastewaters: wastewaters of a paper-mill and of a biotechnical pharmaceutical process as well as two process waters from soil remediation by supercritical water extraction. Moreover, an aqueous solution of triethyleneglycoldimethylether and humic acid which was a model for a biologically treated oil reclaiming wastewater was also oxidized. The aim of the oxidation of the pharmaceutical wastewater was the removal of the preservative 1.1.1-trichloro-2-methyl-2-propanol (TCMP). Although TCMP could easily be removed from pure aqueous solutions by treatment with ozone/hydrogen peroxide, the oxidation of the wastewater failed to be effective in TCMP degradation because of competitive ozonation of other organic solutes in the wastewater. The ozonation of the paper-mill wastewater and of the soil remediation process waters decreased COD and TOC to some extent. The presence of organic wastewater solutes which contain C-C double bonds (ligninsulfonic acid in the treated paper-mill effluent and humic acid in the oil reclaiming model wastewater) were shown to yield hydrogen peroxide by the reaction with ozone. Therefore, these wastewaters are efficiently ozonated even without addition of hydrogen peroxide. Chemical Oxidation of paper-mill wastewater and of wastewaters resulting from soil remediation did not improve biological degradability of organic wastewater constituents.
Review of patients with adrenocortical carcinoma at a tertiary referral centre (2013)

Searchable abstracts of presentations at key conferences in endocrinology ISSN 1470-3947 (print) | ISSN 1479-6848 (online)
Drug-eluting stents: current issues. (2005)

Early stent thrombosis occurs in about 1% to 1.5% of patients with drug-eluting stents, very similar to the rate with bare-metal stents. Late stent thrombosis is more of a concern with drug-eluting stents, with an incidence of at least 0.35%. I would urge caution if you feel you have to stop antiplatelet therapy in patients with drug-eluting stents. While neointima formation peaks at 6 months and then may actually regress with bare-metal stents, it continues to grow with drug-eluting stents--although this process appears to plateau by 4 years with sirolimus. With the others, we have to wait and see. We still don't know the best drug-eluting stent. Trials are under way to compare stents with surgery, and the future brings the arrival of a number of exciting new devices and approaches that are now entering clinical trials.
Scanning near-field ellipsometric microscope-imaging ellipsometry with a lateral resolution in nanometer range (2001)

An apertureless optical near-field scanning microscope system has been created by combining a commercially available atomic force microscope and an ellipsometer without any prior changes in design of the respective devices. In preliminary experiments, an optical resolution of about 20 nm (λ/32) has been achieved using the combined microscope. The intensity of the measured optical signal has been found to be a periodic function of the thickness of the sample. Moreover, the period of this function is dependent upon the local optical properties of the sample material.
Device-Quality $\beta$-Ga$_{2}$O$_{3}$ Epitaxial Films Fabricated by Ozone Molecular Beam Epitaxy (2012)

N-type Ga2O3 homoepitaxial thick films were grown on β-Ga2O3(010) substrates by ozone molecular beam epitaxy. The epitaxial growth rate was increased by more than ten times by changing from the (100) plane to the (010) plane. The carrier concentration of the epitaxial layers could be varied within the range of 1016–1019 cm-3 by changing the Sn doping concentration. Platinum Schottky barrier diodes (SBDs) on 1.4-µm-thick β-Ga2O3 homoepitaxial layers were demonstrated for the first time. The SBDs exhibited a reverse breakdown voltage of 100 V, an on-resistance of 2 mΩ cm2, and a forward voltage of 1.7 V (at 200 A/cm2).
The effectiveness of the nonsedating antihistamine loratadine plus pseudoephedrine in the symptomatic management of the common cold. (1989)

A multicentered trial compared the effects of the non-sedating antihistamine, loratadine, 5 mg plus pseudoephedrine 120 mg with a placebo on the signs and symptoms of the common cold. One hundred forty-two (142) subjects were treated with the loratadine/pseudoephedrine combination and 141 subjects were treated with placebo twice daily for five days. Evaluations by both subjects and physicians suggest that this antihistamine/decongestant combination is superior to placebo in relieving symptoms of the common cold. Specific differences were found in symptoms including nasal congestion, sneezing, postnasal drainage, and nasal discharge. Differences between groups for the following side effects were found: dry mouth (9% for the combination vs 2% for placebo), insomnia (6% vs 3%), and nervousness (4% vs 2%). There were no differences between groups for the frequency of drowsiness.
Design and implementation of broadcast file system based on DSM-CC data carousel protocol (2004)

This paper presents a solution for the broadcast file system based on digital storage media command and control (DSM-CC) data carousel protocol. Given the complexity of the object carousel protocol, we innovatively modify the data carousel protocol so that the hierarchical directory structure can be transmitted. The corresponding software has been implemented in set-top boxes. With the help of the virtual filesystem switch (VFS) mechanism, the broadcast file system can be accessed through unified interfaces. Considering the differences between the broadcast file system and the traditional file system, this paper also proposes the optimized strategies while receiving and caching data from the network in order to show better performance.
The Enantiomers of the Azole Fungicide HWG‐1608—Asymmetric Synthesis of a 2‐Hydroxyethyl Azole Fungicide (1989)

Only a few good procedures are available for the enantioselective synthesis of chiral tertiary alcohols. Both enantiomers of the highly effective fungicide 1 have now been prepared by the oxathiane method and are available in gram amounts for biological investigations.
The essence of compiling with continuations (2004)

In order to simplify the compilation process, many compilers for higher-order languages use the continuation-passing style (CPS) transformation in a first phase to generate an intermediate representation of the source program. The salient aspect of this intermediate form is that all procedures take an argument that represents the rest of the computation (the "continuation"). Since the naïve CPS transformation considerably increases the size of programs, CPS compilers perform reductions to produce a more compact intermediate representation. Although often implemented as a part of the CPS transformation, this step is conceptually a second phase. Finally, code generators for typical CPS compilers treat continuations specially in order to optimize the interpretation of continuation parameters.A thorough analysis of the abstract machine for CPS terms shows that the actions of the code generator invert the naïve CPS translation step. Put differently, the combined effect of the three phases is equivalent to a source-to-source transformation that simulates the compaction phase. Thus, fully developed CPS compilers do not need to employ the CPS transformation but can achieve the same results with a simple source-level transformation.
Structure and secretion of <scp>CofJ</scp>, a putative colonization factor of enterotoxigenic <i><scp>E</scp>scherichia coli</i> (2013)

Summary Enterotoxigenic E scherichia coli ( ETEC ) colonize the human gut, causing severe cholera‐like diarrhoea. ETEC utilize a diverse array of pili and fimbriae for host colonization, including the T ype IVb pilus CFA / III . The CFA / III pilus machinery is encoded on the cof operon, which is similar in gene sequence and synteny to the tcp operon that encodes another T ype IVb pilus, the V ibrio cholerae toxin co‐regulated pilus ( TCP ). Both pilus operons possess a syntenic gene encoding a protein of unknown function. In V . cholerae , this protein, TcpF , is a critical colonization factor secreted by the TCP apparatus. Here we show that the corresponding ETEC protein, CofJ , is a soluble protein secreted via the CFA / III apparatus. We present a 2.6 Å resolution crystal structure of CofJ , revealing a large β‐sandwich protein that bears no sequence or structural homology to TcpF . CofJ has a cluster of exposed hydrophobic side‐chains at one end and structural homology to the pore‐forming proteins perfringolysin O and α‐haemolysin. CofJ binds to lipid vesicles and epithelial cells, suggesting a role in membrane attachment during ETEC colonization.