gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Preserved Platelets: Their Preparation, Storage and Clinical Use (1959)

Abstract A method is described for the isolation and preservation of human blood platelets. Their use in a platelet bank after storage of up to two years is described. The practical advantages to the recipient include small administration volume, freedom from pyrogenicity and immediate availability in the event of thrombocytopenic bleeding. The advantages of this technic to the hospitals include a saving of time, a saving of blood and the elimination of the frantic efforts of blood bank and laboratory personnel to produce large numbers of fresh platelet concentrates at the time of platelet needs. The remarkable stability of preserved platelets is believed largely due to the method developed for their isolation from blood, wherein the cells are separated from the coagulation proteins with which they normally interact, prior to enzymatic degradation. The importance of a controlled atmosphere of CO2 for retention of clot retraction is presented. The in vitro and in vivo activities of the preserved cells are discussed. A hypothesis is suggested for the autocatalytic stimulation of new platelet production through temporary correction of a thromboplastic deficit by the transfusion of preserved platelets.
A Cline in Frequency of Autosomal Males Is Not Associated with Insecticide Resistance in House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae) (2005)

Geographic variation in the chromosomal location of the male sex determining factor (M) was studied in four house fly, Musca domestica L., populations from the eastern United States. We found a strong clinal trend (29 degrees 41' latitude in Florida to 44 degrees 2' in Maine) in which the percentage of standard XY(M) males increased with increasing latitude. In Florida, 100% of the males possessed the M factor on the third autosome (III(M)). North Carolina had 20% III(M) males and 2.35% with both Y(M) and III(M). Fewer III(M) males were found in New York (4.35%). Populations from Maine contained 100% XY(M) males. In two of three standard laboratory-susceptible strains, all males carried M on an autosome ("autosomal males" or A(M)): CS (III(M)) and SRS (V(M)). Insecticide bioassays of four field-collected strains led us to conclude that resistance is not correlated with sex determination over a broad range of insecticides. For example, high levels of resistance to permethrin (86-99% survival at a diagnostic concentration) were found in all four field-collected strains. The five other insecticides evaluated showed varying levels of resistance among field strains. We conclude that a cline is present in house fly populations from the eastern United States with 100% III(M) males in the south and entirely Y(M) males in the north and that insecticide resistance is not a key factor influencing the evolution or linkage of M.
Post-Quantum Key Exchange for the TLS Protocol from the Ring Learning with Errors Problem (2015)

Lattice-based cryptographic primitives are believed to offer resilience against attacks by quantum computers. We demonstrate the practicality of post-quantum key exchange by constructing cipher suites for the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol that provide key exchange based on the ring learning with errors (R-LWE) problem, we accompany these cipher suites with a rigorous proof of security. Our approach ties lattice-based key exchange together with traditional authentication using RSA or elliptic curve digital signatures: the post-quantum key exchange provides forward secrecy against future quantum attackers, while authentication can be provided using RSA keys that are issued by today's commercial certificate authorities, smoothing the path to adoption. Our cryptographically secure implementation, aimed at the 128-bit security level, reveals that the performance price when switching from non-quantum-safe key exchange is not too high. With our R-LWE cipher suites integrated into the Open SSL library and using the Apache web server on a 2-core desktop computer, we could serve 506 RLWE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256 HTTPS connections per second for a 10 KiB payload. Compared to elliptic curve Diffie-Hellman, this means an 8 KiB increased handshake size and a reduction in throughput of only 21%. This demonstrates that provably secure post-quantum key-exchange can already be considered practical.
[The essay on separation of dispensary from medical practice written by Yukichi Fukuzawa]. (1993)

In November 1891, the union of pharmacists submitted the petitions letter on revision of the Law No. 10 issued on March 15, 1889, because by this law physicians acquired the right to dispense medicine rather than to give prescriptions to their patients. Yukichi Fukuzawa criticized the above mentioned problems and he contributed essays to the famous newspaper, Jiji-shin-pou in december 1891. Principles of his essays were as follows: 1) separation of dispensary from medical practice widely done in western countries were important from scientific viewpoint; 2) however, both physicians and patients had no concept on total medical fee which was consistent with consultation fee and charge for medicines. Thus, patients in Japan have been receiving medicines from physicians customarily over several hundred years; 3)introduction of new system on separation of dispensary from medical practice would cause troubles, because additional payment at the pharmacy should be required other than payment for physicians; 4)he was aware that opportunities to commit sick persons to doctor's care would be decreased especially in case of poor persons. Compared the public opinion to the separation of dispensary from medical practice of present day, there was found no difference on the attitude of Japanese people in these hundred years.
The effect of wavenumber filtering on synthetic two-dimensional magnetotelluric data (2003)

The magnetotelluric (MT) method, an electromagnetic sounding technique used in geophysical exploration, is considered. The MT method is based upon the measurement of the naturally occurring electromagnetic field at the surface of the Earth and the interpretation of the surface electromagnetic field to infer subsurface structure. When the region of the Earth being surveyed by the MT method has strong lateral heterogeneities, information about the deep structure of the Earth is obscured by near surface features, leading to significant interpretational problems. A low-pass wavenumber filtering method used to deal with this problem is described and evaluated by comparing the calculated apparent resistivity of a model of the Earth consisting of a two-dimensional heterogeneous layer on the surface of a horizontally stratified Earth with the wavenumber filtered apparent resistivity. Its effectiveness is confirmed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Protein Kinase Cα Is Required for Vanilloid Receptor 1 Activation (2002)

Activation of vanilloid receptor (VR1) by protein kinase C (PKC) was investigated in cells ectopically expressing VR1 and primary cultures of dorsal root ganglion neurons. Submicromolar phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate (PDBu), which stimulates PKC, acutely activated Ca(2+) uptake in VR1-expressing cells at pH 5.5, but not at mildly acidic or neutral pH. PDBu was antagonized by bisindolylmaleimide, a PKC inhibitor, and ruthenium red, a VR1 ionophore blocker, but not capsazepine, a vanilloid antagonist indicating that catalytic activity of PKC is required for PDBu activation of VR1 ion conductance, and is independent of the vanilloid site. Chronic PDBu dramatically down-regulated PKC(alpha) in dorsal root ganglion neurons or the VR1 cell lines, whereas only partially influencing PKCbeta, -delta, -epsilon, and -zeta. Loss of PKC(alpha) correlated with loss of response to acute re-challenge with PDBu. Anandamide, a VR1 agonist in acidic conditions, acts additively with PDBu and remains effective after chronic PKC down-regulation. Thus, two independent VR1 activation pathways can be discriminated: (i) direct ligand binding (anandamide, vanilloids) or (ii) extracellular ligands coupled to PKC by intracellular signaling. Experiments in cell lines co-expressing VR1 with different sets of PKC isozymes showed that acute PDBu-induced activation requires PKC(alpha), but not PKC(epsilon). These studies suggest that PKC(alpha) in sensory neurons may elicit or enhance pain during inflammation or ischemia.
Ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome (2000)

We report on a Mexican girl who developed cerebellar ataxia at age 3 years and pancytopenia at age 13 years. Cerebral computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed evidence of severe cerebellar atrophy. Telangiectasias were not present; immunoglobulins and alpha-fetoprotein levels were normal. Cytogenetic studies showed no evidence of spontaneous chromosome aberrations, a normal rate of diepoxybutane (DEB) and mitomycin C (MMC)-induced chromosome aberrations, but an increased response to bleomycin. The phenotype support the diagnosis of ataxia-pancytopenia syndrome, although monosomy of chromosome 7 was not found in bone marrow. The cytogenetic studies suggest that this may be a chromosomal instability disorder.
<i>LFG</i> : An anti-apoptotic gene that provides protection from Fas-mediated cell death (1999)

Programmed cell death regulates a number of biological phenomena, and the apoptotic signal must itself be tightly controlled to avoid inappropriate cell death. We established a genetic screen to search for molecules that inhibit the apoptotic signal from the Fas receptor. Here we report the isolation of a gene, LFG, that protects cells uniquely from Fas but not from the mechanistically related tumor necrosis factor alpha death signal. LFG is widely distributed, but remarkably is highly expressed in the hippocampus. LFG can bind to the Fas receptor, but does not regulate Fas expression or interfere with binding of an agonist antibody. Furthermore LFG does not inhibit binding of FADD to Fas.
Comparison of transformerless ring modulators and cross modulators (1974)

Two types of transformerless modulators with single-ended outputs are compared : ring modulators and cross modulators. Equivalent circuits, transfer ratio, efficiency, carrier power and diode operating conditions are considered. It is shown that the cross modulator outperforms the ring modulator in many respects. Some practical applications of the cross modulator are given together with the results obtained.
RF Emitter Geolocation using Amplitude Comparison with Auto-Calibrated Relative Antenna Gains (2011)

We consider an RF emitter localization problem that consists of a stationary RF emitter as a target and a moving RF receiver as an observer. An antenna system with unknown bias is deployed in the RF receiver to find the target direction of arrival (DOA) or bearing. This problem is conventionally solved by two separate stages, namely, to estimate target bearings through a relative amplitude direction finding (DF) algorithm, and to find the emitter location from the estimated bearings. The drawback of such a structure is that it is difficult to identify antenna bias through the DF algorithm alone, and the bearing error caused by antenna bias can significantly decrease the localization accuracy, especially when a target is located in longer range. To overcome this drawback, we merge the two stages together to formulate the localization problem as a discrete dynamic estimation problem. Thus, the target location and the antenna bias can be estimated simultaneously. Two algorithms are developed to cope with the merged system. The first algorithm, which is named as A-UKF, uses an unscented Kalman filter (UKF) to estimate the target location and the antenna bias in an augmented state. The second algorithm called MM-UKF further improves the A-UKF by introducing a multiple model (MM) approach to overcome the problem caused by an inaccurate initial state. The inaccurate initial state can seriously affect the performance of subsequent nonlinear estimation. The results show that both proposed algorithms are obviously superior to the conventional two-stage localization algorithm, and the MM-UKF algorithm outperforms the A-UKF.
Alpha-methyltyrosine in the management of phaeochromocytoma. (1982)

Patients with phaeochromocytoma are usually treated with a combination of a-and ,8-receptor-blocking drugs in pre-
Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition of Conformal GeTe Layer for Phase Change Memory Applications (2012)

Phase-change memory is one of the most promising technologies for the future non-volatile memories generation and the synthesis of highly conformal active material is one of the main challenges. Herein, we report the successful chemical vapor deposition of phase change materials conducted using original plasma enhanced pulsed liquid injection system. Smooth, conformal and amorphous as well crystalline GeTe layers were grown on large surfaces. Their phase-change characteristics present fast switch from amorphous to crystalline phases with high optical contrast between the two states. These properties are similar to those of sputtered films used in electronic devices. Moreover, thanks to appropriate process tuning, material structure and phase change properties can be tuned.
Instantaneous dissolution of cellulose in organic electrolyte solutions (2010)

Herein a novel class of solvent systems for cellulose is introduced. Surprisingly, organic electrolyte solutions, which contain just a small molar fraction of ionic liquid, dissolve instantaneously large amounts of cellulose. The solvation properties of the solvent systems, required for dissolving the polymer, are discussed here.
Quantification of hepatic steatosis with MRI: The effects of accurate fat spectral modeling (2009)

Accurate spectral modeling is necessary for accurate quantification of hepatic steatosis with MRI.
Systematic review of the use of granulocyte–macrophage colony-stimulating factor in patients with advanced melanoma (2016)

Several immunomodulatory checkpoint inhibitors have been approved for the treatment of patients with advanced melanoma, including ipilimumab, nivolumab and pembrolizumab. Talimogene laherparepvec is the first oncolytic virus to gain regulatory approval in the USA; it is also approved in Europe. Talimogene laherparepvec expresses granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and with other GM-CSF-expressing oncolytic viruses in development, understanding the clinical relevance of this cytokine in treating advanced melanoma is important. Results of trials of GM-CSF in melanoma have been mixed, and while GM-CSF has the potential to promote anti-tumor responses, some preclinical data suggest that GM-CSF may sometimes promote tumor growth. GM-CSF has not been approved as a melanoma treatment. We undertook a systematic literature review of studies of GM-CSF in patients with advanced melanoma (stage IIIB-IV). Of the 503 articles identified, 26 studies met the eligibility criteria. Most studies investigated the use of GM-CSF in combination with another treatment, such as peptide vaccines or chemotherapy, or as an adjuvant to surgery. Some clinical benefit was reported in patients who received GM-CSF as an adjuvant to surgery, or in combination with other treatments. In general, outcomes for patients receiving peptide vaccines were not improved with the addition of GM-CSF. GM-CSF may be a valuable therapeutic adjuvant; however, further studies are needed, particularly head-to-head comparisons, to confirm the optimal dosing regimen and clinical effectiveness in patients with advanced melanoma.
High-voltage miniature igniter development (1996)

In 1988, Norton introduced its line of low-voltage 12 and 24 V miniature igniters made from a patented ceramic/intermetallic material. These igniters demonstrated superior strength and speed in a compact low-wattage assembly for gas-fired ignition. High-voltage igniters are being developed to complete the family of igniters for gas-fired ignition. These igniters have extremely low power requirements in the range of 50-100 W, are designed to operate at line voltages of 120 V and are leading to designs for operation up to 230 V. These were developed using compositional and dimensional changes to the low voltage igniters. The 120 V igniter has exceeded 200,000 cycles in life testing and has been submitted for agency approval. These igniters are also undergoing field testing in various demanding gas-fired appliances. The evolution of the low-voltage igniter into the high-voltage model, as well as performance and material development issues are discussed.
Success or Failure in Innovation by the Large Organization General Motors vs. Toyota (1982)

In recent years, the United States automobile industry suffered from Japanese automobile competition. This decline hit GM despite the fact that it is the lowest cost producer of automobiles in the United States and the largest producer of automobiles in the world. The U.S. auto companies have heavily emphasized that labor costs are a significant part of the reason why the Japanese can produce cars for substantially less. Social and cultural forces in Japan may have different influences on their organization culture compared to that in the U.S., such as intimacy, trust, etc. In this assignment, an attempt is made to determine how these two organizations manage and organize people at work. Important organizational characteristics of environmental forces, organizational goals, technology, and the role they play in shaping behavior and performance are examined.
Polyamide‐imides (1970)

Abstract A novel preparation of polyamide‐imides from diphenylmethane diisocyanate and trimellitic anhydride in N ‐methylpyrrolidone is described. Partial substitution of trimellitic anhydride with either maleopimaric acid, terephthalic acid, or by various di‐anhydrides permitted a correlation of structure with solution stability and thermal properties. Heat resistance improved with increasing imide content of the polyamide‐imide. Almost all solutions advanced in viscosity on storage at room temperature. The least stable solutions were those that deviated the most from 50–50 amide‐imide. However, the viscosity changes depended somewhat on the type of modifying ingredient. For example, polyamide‐imides modified by substitution of 10% PMDA (pyromellitic anhydride) or BPDA (benzophenone tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride) were less stable than those modified with 10% (cyclopentanetetracarboxylic acid dianhydride) CPDA or THFDA (tetrahydrofuran‐2,3,4,5‐tetracarboxylic acid dianhydride). The use of excess reagent and of monofunctional chain stopper was investigated as a means of controlling solution stability.
Rationale for COVID-19 Treatment by Nebulized Interferon-β-1b–Literature Review and Personal Preliminary Experience (2020)

The inflammatory response to COVID-19 is specifically associated with an impaired type I interferon (IFN) response and complete blockade of IFN-β secretion. Clinically, nebulization of IFN-α-2b has been historically used in China to treat viral pneumonia associated with SARS-CoV. Very recent data show that the use of inhaled type I IFN is associated with decreased mortality in Chinese COVID-19 patients. However, IFN nebulization is currently not standard in Europe and the United States. Therefore, our group has set up a project aimed to evaluate the possibility to nebulize IFN-β-1b (a drug currently used in Europe to treat multiple sclerosis via subcutaneous injections) and to assess the safety of this new mode of administration in SARS-CoV-2 infected patients. We present here literature data that allowed us to build our hypothesis and to develop collaboration between clinical pharmacists, intensivists and nebulization engineers in order to gain first pre-clinical and clinical experience of IFN-β-1b nebulization. After validation of the nebulization method and verification of droplet size compatible with nebulization, the method has been applied to four intensive care patients treated at our university hospital, for whom none of the COVID-19 therapies initially used in France led to significant clinical improvement. All patients exhibited negative viral carriage and experienced clinical improvement 7-16 days after having initiated nebulized IFN-β-1b inhalation therapy. No side effects were observed. All patients were alive within a 90-days follow-up. Although it is not possible to draw firm conclusions on treatment efficacy based on this case report, our study shows that pulmonary IFN-β-1b administration is feasible, with a good safety profile. This procedure, which presents the advantage of directly targeting the lungs and reducing the risks of systemic side effects, may represent a promising therapeutic strategy for the care of patients with severe COVID-19. However, our preliminary observation requires confirmation by randomized controlled trials.
Near-field characterization of guided polariton propagation and cutoff in surface plasmon waveguides (2006)

We present a series of near-field experiments characterizing cutoff for the three lowest order leaky surface plasmon modes supported by Au stripes on glass substrates. These studies demonstrate that the propagation of light along surface plasmon waveguides is mediated by a discrete number of guided polariton modes as well as a continuum of radiation modes. To distinguish the contribution of the guided modes from that of the radiation continuum, a parametric study of propagation length as a function of varying stripe width is performed. Discontinuities consistent with the loss of a guided mode are observed near cutoff widths predicted by numerical simulations, and a severe decrease in propagation length is observed below cutoff for the fundamental surface plasmon mode. Contrary to previous interpretations, experimental and numerical investigations confirm that the finite propagation lengths observed along the narrowest stripes are in good agreement with an intuitive model for the radiation continuum. Furthermore, multimode interference studies provide direct evidence for multiple guided modes and support previous findings with regard to modal cutoff.
Design and experimental results of an input-current-shaper based electronic ballast (2003)

This paper presents some design issues and experimental results regarding the use of the input current shaper (ICS) technique to implement high power factor electronic ballasts. The ICS is placed between main rectifier and bulk capacitor to increase the conduction angle of the main rectifier diodes up to a minimum value to obtain low current harmonics injected to the mains. Two possibilities to implement ICS-based ballast are considered in this paper: the forward-based ICS and the flyback-based ICS. Experimental results obtained from two 40-W fluorescent lamp ballasts are also presented.
Characterization of IGBT devices for use in series resonant inverter for induction heating applications (2009)

This paper aims to determine the maximum frequency achievable in a 25 kW series inverter for induction heating applications and to compare, in hard switching conditions, four fast transistors IGBTs 600A and 1200V modules encapsulated in 62mm from different suppliers. The comparison has been done at 25 and 125oC in a set-up. Important differences between modules have been obtained depending on the die temperature.