gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dimethylamides from Alkali Carboxylates and Dimethylcarbamoyl Chloride (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDimethylamides from Alkali Carboxylates and Dimethylcarbamoyl ChlorideJ. Keith Lawson Jr. and Jo Ann T. CroomCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 1, 232–235Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01036a513https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01036a513research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views256Altmetric-Citations22LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Test reuse in cbse using built-in tests (2002)

Component-based software engineering (CBSE) is expected to drastically reduce the time spent on developing software through the use of prefabricated components. However, some of the time gained on reusing components instead has to be spent on testing that components work as specified the new environment. The Component+ project aims at solving this by using built-in tests. This paper presents an architecture for the integration of built-in tests in software components that makes it possible to reuse tests and hence minimize the time spent on testing.
B+-tree index optimization by exploiting internal parallelism of flash-based solid state drives (2011)

Previous research addressed the potential problems of the hard-disk oriented design of DBMSs of flashSSDs. In this paper, we focus on exploiting potential benefits of flashSSDs. First, we examine the internal parallelism issues of flashSSDs by conducting benchmarks to various flashSSDs. Then, we suggest algorithm-design principles in order to best benefit from the internal parallelism. We present a new I/O request concept, called psync I/O that can exploit the internal parallelism of flashSSDs in a single process. Based on these ideas, we introduce B+-tree optimization methods in order to utilize internal parallelism. By integrating the results of these methods, we present a B+-tree variant, PIO B-tree. We confirmed that each optimization method substantially enhances the index performance. Consequently, PIO B-tree enhanced B+-tree's insert performance by a factor of up to 16.3, while improving point-search performance by a factor of 1.2. The range search of PIO B-tree was up to 5 times faster than that of the B+-tree. Moreover, PIO B-tree outperformed other flash-aware indexes in various synthetic workloads. We also confirmed that PIO B-tree outperforms B+-tree in index traces collected inside the Postgresql DBMS with TPC-C benchmark.
Near field measurement system for the detection of electromagnetic field components radiated by microwave devices (2013)

This paper presents a near field measurement system for the detection of all electromagnetic (EM) field components radiated by microwave devices. This characterization system based on the use of 4 semi-rigid coaxial probes (1 monopoly antenna, 1 differential dipole and 2 differential loops) and a controlled positioning system is power calibrated. It allows the localization of the radiation source in the RF integrated circuit (IC) and the measuring of the EM filed components amplitudes. The amplitude calibration is realized with a FR4 50 Ohms microstrip transmission line. The amplitude calibration of the system with performance factors for each probe is presented for the frequency range of [1MHz-1GHz]. A comparison between on the one hand, a 3D EM simulation of the entire probe with the standard and on the other side, the measure is presented.
Hepatitis B Viral DNA Molecules Have Cohesive Ends (1979)

Hepatitis B virus DNA made fully double stranded by a virion DNA polymerase reaction could be converted from circular to linear molecules by heating in 10 mM NaCl at 77 degrees C or in 100 mM NaCl at 90 degrees C for 15 min. Heat-generated linear hepatitis B virus DNA was reannealed to circular molecules by incubating in higher salt concentrations. The identity of the molecular forms was established by their electrophoretic mobility and appearance in electron micrographs. Recircularization was blocked by reacting linear molecules with nuclease S1 or avian myeloblastosis virus reverse transcriptase. These results suggest that the heated linear DNA had single-stranded ends with complementary nucleotide sequences. It also suggests that a discontinuity or nick is present in each strand of the circular DNA molecule after the single-stranded region is made double stranded by the virion DNA polymerase reaction. The difference in contour length by electron microscopy of circular and linear molecules spread under aqueous conditions suggested that the discontinuities in the two strands were about 270 base pairs apart. The amount of nucleotide incorporated into the ends of heat-generated linear hepatitis B virus DNA by reverse transcriptase suggested that the single-stranded ends were about 305 bases in length. This fully double-stranded linear DNA was cleaved with EcoRI or HpaI restriction endonuclease. The sum of the two fragments generated by each totaled 3,510 base pairs, 310 base pairs greater than the contour length of circular hepatitis B virus DNA which represents a third estimate of the distance between the discontinuities in the two DNA strands of circular DNA. Restriction endonuclease cleavage also indicated that the ends of heated linear DNA which correspond to the discontinuities in the two strands of the circular DNA are at unique sites in the DNA with respect to the restriction sites.
Fabrication of CNT-based MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensors using DEP nanoassembly (2005)

This paper reports the fabrication technique of a novel carbon nanotubes (CNTs) based MEMS pressure sensor with piezoresistive gauge factor potentially much greater than polysilicon based sensors. By using the dielectrophoretic (DEP) nanoassembly of CNTs and a MEMS-compatible process, we have successfully integrated bundled strands of CNT sensing elements on arrays of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) diaphragms. The piezoresistive effects of CNT were preliminarily investigated by measuring the pressure-resistance dependency of the sensors and preliminary results indicated that the CNT-based microsensors were capable of sensing input pressure variations. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the diaphragms were studied experimentally and theoretically, which showed the deflection and strain distribution of the diaphragms with different input pressures, in order to conclusively determine the piezoresistivity of bundled CNTs. Based on these experimental evidences, we propose that carbon nanotubes is a novel material for fabricating micropressure sensors on polymer substrates-which may serve as alternative sensors for silicon based pressure sensors when biocompatibility and low-cost applications arc required.
Plant Growth‐Promoting Rhizobacteria‐Elicited Alterations in Phenolic Profile of Chickpea (<i>Cicer arietinum</i>) Infected by <i>Sclerotium rolfsii</i> (2002)

Abstract Efficacy of seven strains of Pseudomonas fluorescens ( Pfs 1–7), plant growth‐promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), were tested under field conditions for their ability to protect Cicer arietinum against Sclerotium rolfsii infection. Best protection was observed in strain Pfs 3 where 23% seedling mortality was recorded in comparison to 44% in non‐treated control. To correlate the induction of phenolic compounds by the PGPRs with disease resistance, qualitative and quantitative alterations of phenolic compounds in different parts of C. arietinum were estimated following PGPR application as seed treatment. High performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) analysis of the leaves, collars and roots of the PGPR‐treated and non‐treated (control) plants showed the presence of gallic, ferulic, chlorogenic and cinnamic acids with varied amounts in the PGPR‐treated as well as non‐treated (control) plants. Maximum accumulation of cinnamic acid was observed in plants treated with Pfs 3 strain (1660 ng g –1 fresh wt.) which was almost 19.5 times higher than untreated control plants and also significantly high when compared to other PGPR treatments. Pfs 3 also caused maximum accumulation of total phenolics and gallic acid in all chickpea plant parts as compared to other treatments and untreated control. A direct relationship between the level of total phenolics and seedling survivability was observed. PGPR‐mediated induction of phenolic compounds as a biochemical barrier in C. arietinum against S. rolfsii infection is envisaged.
Opioid Prescribing: A Systematic Review and Critical Appraisal of Guidelines for Chronic Pain (2013)

California Department of Industrial Relations and California Commission on Health and Safety and Workers' Compensation.
Reconfigurable generation of high-repetition-rate optical pulse sequences based on time-domain phase-only filtering (2005)

We propose and demonstrate a fiber-based phase-only filtering technique for programmable optical pulse shaping, in which the filtering operation is implemented in the time domain by means of an electro-optical (EO) phase modulator. The technique has been applied for generating customized ultrahigh-repetition-rate optical pulse sequences (>40 GHz) from single input pulses by driving the EO phase modulator with a periodic electronic waveform (RF tone). The generated output pulses are replicas of the input pulse and both the repetition rate and the envelope profile of the generated sequences can be controlled and tuned electronically using this approach.
Genetic and Biochemical Analysis of the Isoenzymes Concerned in the First Reaction of Aromatic Biosynthesis in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1967)

Mutant strains of Escherichia coli K-12 were isolated possessing mutations which affected the tyrosine-inhibitable 3-deoxy-d-arabinoheptulosonic acid-7-phosphate (DAHP) synthetase, the phenylalanine-inhibitable DAHP synthetase, or the tryptophan-repressible DAHP synthetase. The mutations causing the loss of each of these activities have been mapped and are widely separated from each other on the E. coli chromosome. Chromatography on diethylaminoethyl cellulose columns allowed the recognition of four peaks of activity.
On compression and damage evolution in two thermoplastics (2017)

The well-known Taylor cylinder impact test, which follows the impact of a flat-ended cylindrical rod onto a rigid stationary anvil, is conducted over a range of impact speeds for two polymers, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK). In previous work, experiments and a model were developed to capture the deformation behaviour of the cylinder after impact. These works showed a region in which spatial and temporal variation of both longitudinal and radial deformation provided evidence of changes in phase within the material. In this further series of experiments, this region is imaged in a range of impacted targets at the Diamond synchrotron. Further techniques were fielded to resolve compressed regions within the recovered polymer cylinders that showed a fracture zone in the impact region. The combination of macroscopic high-speed photography and three-dimensional X-ray imaging has identified the development of failure with these polymers and shown that there is no abrupt transition in behaviours but rather a continuous range of responses to competing operating mechanisms. The behaviours noted in PEEK in these polymers show critical gaps in understanding of polymer high strain-rate response.
Preparation of 1, 1-disubstituted hydrazines and their 2-acyl derivatives (1989)

1-(1-Hydroxymethyl)benzotriazole converts 1-acyl- and 1-acyl-2-aryl-hydrazines into their 2-mono-N- or 2,2-bis-N-[(benzotriazol-1-yl)methyl] derivatives, respectively, in high yields. These adducts react readily with NaBH4, Grignard reagents, and lithium acetylides to give the corresponding 2 substituted, or 2,2-disubstituted, 1-acylhydrazines in high yields. The N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)hydrazines are readily hydrolysed offering a convenient synthetic route to 1,1-dialkyl- and 1-alkyl-1-aryl-hydrazines.
Evolution of the Particle Size Distribution of Mainstream Cigarette Smoke During a Puff (1986)

Abstract A procedure for the measurement of the particle size distribution of minimally aged undiluted mainstream cigarette smoke is presented. The angular dependence of scattered light intensity was measured and a best fit log normal distribution was determined by comparison of ratios of the scattering intensities to theoretically calculated values. The problem of multiple scattering by the concentrated mainstream smoke was overcome by aerodynamically focusing the sampled smoke to a fine stream in a specially designed photometer. The photometer required no dilution of the smoke and performed the measurement on smoke aged 0.12 s, minimizing coagulation. Size distributions were determined at 100 points during a 2-s puff revealing significant changes in the average diameter of the aerosol during the puff. The changes in particle size are shown to correlate with the changing flow profiles in the cigarette during the smoking process.
<title>Injection-molded replication of binary optic structures</title> (1995)

Application of molded plastics to precision optical systems has required significant advances in both the design and fabrication of these optical components. Tighter fabrication tolerances and improved transmitted wavefront quality are being achieved with each passing year. Recently, interest has focused on the particular challenge of injection molded diffractive optic structures. Binary optics are generated using VLSI techniques of microlithography and dry etching to produce a diffractive structure with submicron accuracy. The cost incurred in wafer scale fabrication of individual elements is quite high. By precise mastering, detailed mold design and careful process control, binary optics can be successfully replicated in plastic materials allowing significantly lower costs. This paper will address three specific applications of mass produced diffractive structures. A hybrid refractive/diffractive lens has been designed and produced in acrylic; a set of complex diffractive fanout gratings has been produced in acrylic, polycarbonate, polymethylpentene, and cyclic olefin copolymer; and a diode laser collimator/corrector has recently been successfully molded in polycarbonate. Detailed results highlighting the fidelity of the replicated surface will be included.
The technological trajectory of the automatic identification industry: the application of the systems of innovation (SI) framework for the characterisation and prediction of the auto-ID industry (2003)

Traditionally the approach used to analyse technological innovation focused on the application of the techno-economic paradigm with the production function as its foundation. This thesis explores the rise of the evolutionary paradigm as a more suitable conceptual approach to investigating complex innovations like automatic identification (auto-ID) devices. Collecting and analysing data for five auto-ID case studies, (bar codes, magnetic-stripe cards, smart cards, biometrics and RF/ID transponders), it became evident that a process of migration, integration and convergence is happening within the auto-ID technology system (TS). The evolution of auto-ID is characterised by a new cluster of innovations, primarily emerging through the recombination of existing knowledge. Using the systems of innovation (SI) framework this study explores the dynamics of auto-ID innovation, including organisational, institutional, economic, regulatory, social and technical dimensions. The results indicate that for a given auto-ID innovation to be successful there must be interaction between the various stakeholders within each dimension. The findings also suggest, that the popular idea that several technologies are superseded by one dominant technology in a given selection environment, does not hold true in the auto-ID industry. Each device studied has a significant role to fulfil in the marketplace, sharing in the same technological trajectory. Trends captured from the embedded case studies provide evidence for the continued growth in the requirement for auto-ID; they also point to an ever-increasing pervasiveness in auto-ID exemplified in the quest for the human electrophorus. Finally, as new auto-ID innovations are introduced, it is important to ensure that the adequate safeguards are put in place to protect citizens against accidental or intentional misuse. This is especially true of wireless applications that make use of wearable computing and microchip implants for tracking and monitoring purposes. Engineers therefore, should act in a socially responsible manner when inventing or patenting, viewing ethical discourse as an integral component of the innovation process, despite the competitive pressures for stakeholders to be first-to-market with new solutions.
Magnetic Noise in Induction Motors (2008)

Noise in large high voltage induction motors (500Hp–18000Hp) may be airborne or magnetic in nature. Usually, large high voltage induction motors are custom built and tailored to meet customer’s demand. Since every motor is unique in its design, it is imperative to predict accurately the magnetic noise generation during design phase, this way avoiding expensive rework cost and not loosing the customer confidence. Stator – rotor mechanical design, along with careful electrical coil design, can significantly cut down magnetic noise in an induction motor. This paper discusses the various causes and control of magnetic noise in large induction motors. Theoretical noise predictions in large induction motors, along with measured experimental noise data, are presented.
Level of expression controls modes of gating of a K<sup>+</sup> channel (1992)

Several distinct subfamilies of K+ channel genes have been discovered by molecular cloning, however, in some cases the structural differences among them do not account for the diversity of K+ current types, ranging from transient A-type to slowly inactivating delayed rectifier-type, as members within each subfamily have been shown to code for K+ channels of different inactivation kinetics and pharmacological properties. We show that a single K+ channel cDNA of the Shaker subfamily (ShH4) can express in Xenopus oocytes not only a transient A-type K+ current but also, upon increased level of expression, slowly inactivating K+ currents with markedly reduced sensitivity to tetraethylammonium. In correlation with the macroscopic currents there are single-channel gating modes ranging from the fast-inactivation mode which underlies the transient A-type current, to slow-inactivation modes characterized by bursts of longer openings, and corresponding to the slowly inactivating macroscopic currents.
Programming by multiset transformation (1993)

article Free Access Share on Programming by multiset transformation Authors: Jean-Pierre Banâtre View Profile , Daniel Le Métayer View Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 36Issue 1Jan. 1993 pp 98–111https://doi.org/10.1145/151233.151242Published:01 January 1993Publication History 233citation764DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations233Total Downloads764Last 12 Months27Last 6 weeks3 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my Alerts New Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
Cutaneous Lupus Erythematosus (2008)

Cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disorder, comprising a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations. Various environmental factors influence the clinical expression of CLE and a striking relationship has emerged between sunlight exposure and the various subtypes of this disease. However, the diverse pathophysiological mechanisms in CLE are currently under investigation. A detailed patient’s history, evaluation of the activity and damage, histological analysis of skin biopsy specimens, phototesting, and serological investigations support the diagnosis of CLE, and also provide important information on the appropriate therapeutic strategy. Until now, antimalarial agents remain the treatment of choice for CLE.
Inhibition of Atrogin-1/MAFbx Mediated MyoD Proteolysis Prevents Skeletal Muscle Atrophy In Vivo (2009)

Ubiquitin ligase Atrogin1/Muscle Atrophy F-box (MAFbx) up-regulation is required for skeletal muscle atrophy but substrates and function during the atrophic process are poorly known. The transcription factor MyoD controls myogenic stem cell function and differentiation, and seems necessary to maintain the differentiated phenotype of adult fast skeletal muscle fibres. We previously showed that MAFbx mediates MyoD proteolysis in vitro. Here we present evidence that MAFbx targets MyoD for degradation in several models of skeletal muscle atrophy. In cultured myotubes undergoing atrophy, MAFbx expression increases, leading to a cytoplasmic-nuclear shuttling of MAFbx and a selective suppression of MyoD. Conversely, transfection of myotubes with sh-RNA-mediated MAFbx gene silencing (shRNAi) inhibited MyoD proteolysis linked to atrophy. Furthermore, overexpression of a mutant MyoDK133R lacking MAFbx-mediated ubiquitination prevents atrophy of mouse primary myotubes and skeletal muscle fibres in vivo. Regarding the complex role of MyoD in adult skeletal muscle plasticity and homeostasis, its rapid suppression by MAFbx seems to be a major event leading to skeletal muscle wasting. Our results point out MyoD as the second MAFbx skeletal muscle target by which powerful therapies could be developed.
The effects of probiotics on depressive symptoms in humans: a systematic review (2017)

The evidence for probiotics alleviating depressive symptoms is compelling but additional double-blind randomized control trials in clinical populations are warranted to further assess efficacy.
Beyond ISA: structures for plausible inference in semantic networks (1988)

We present a method for automatically deriving plausible inference rules from relations in a knowledge base. We describe two empirical studies of these rules. First, we derived approximately 300 plausible inference rules, generated over 3000 specific inferences, and presented them to human subjects to discover which rules were plausible. The second study tested the hypothesis that the plausibility of these rules can be predicted by whether they obey a kind of transitivity. The paper discusses four sources of variance in subjects' judgments, and concludes that relatively little knowledge is needed to achieve moderately accurate predictions of these judgments.
Adaptive Filesystem Compression for General Purpose Systems (2018)

University of Minnesota M.S. thesis.June 2018. Major: Computer Science. Advisor: Peter Peterson. 1 computer file (PDF); vi, 55 pages.