gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of migratory blood cells on the attachment of tumor cells to vascular endothelium (1984)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether the presence of migratory blood cells in association with tumor emboli had the capacity to alter the attachment of tumor cells to vascular endothelium. Highly metastatic RT7-4bs rat hepatocarcinoma cells were labelled with [125I]UdR before being allowed to form mixed cellular spheroids incorporating resident peritoneal macrophages, activated peritoneal macrophages, polymorphonuclear leukocytes, splenic T lymphocytes, or splenic B lymphocytes derived from both normal and tumor-bearing animals. The presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes or activated macrophages led to a considerable increase in the number of tumor cells attaching to endothelial cell monolayers in vitro. The presence of T or B lymphocytes from either normal or tumor-bearing rats was without effect on tumor attachment to endothelium. Increased tumor cell retention in the lungs was evident for mixed spheroids containing tumor cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes compared to homotypic tumor spheroids composed of tumor cells alone. Furthermore, preinjection of polymorphonuclear leukocytes intravascularly or inoculation of tumor cells as heterotypic spheroids containing polymorphonuclear leukocytes increased lung colony formation over that obtained after inoculation of tumor cells alone. Several simple sugars were tested for their ability to block tumor cell, polymorphonuclear leukocyte or activated macrophage binding to endothelium in vitro. The results indicate that the glycosylated cell surface components mediating tumor cell attachment to endothelium are not identical with those mediating attachment of either polymorphonuclear leukocytes or activated macrophages. Medium conditioned during mixed spheroid formation was without effect on tumor cell attachment to endothelium. We conclude that the presence of some, but not all classes of leukocytes can modulate tumor cell attachment to vascular endothelium, an effect most likely mediated by a mechanism involving direct contact between the leukocytes and the endothelial cell monolayer.
Research on Application of SLA Technology in the 3D Printing Technology (2013)

This paper introduces the basic principle of stereolithography technology, characteristics of laser rapid prototyping technology and its application in various fields, the laser rapid prototyping technology has been in the modeling industry, machinery manufacturing, aerospace, military, architecture, film and television, home appliances, light industry, medicine, archaeology, cultural art, sculpture, jewelry and other fields has been widely applied.
CCCCXI.—The condensation of glyoxalines with formaldehyde (1927)

R. Grindley and F. L. Pyman, J. Chem. Soc., 1927, 3128 DOI: 10.1039/JR9270003128
14β-Hydroxy-10-deacetylbaccatin III, a new taxane from Himalayan yew (Taxus wallichiana Zucc.) (1992)

G. Appendino, P. Gariboldi, B. Gabetta, R. Pace, E. Bombardelli and D. Viterbo, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1992, 2925 DOI: 10.1039/P19920002925
WIDE-BAND LOW-POWER DRIVER OF THE LOW OUTPUT- IMPEDANCE RF SYSTEM FOR A PROTON SYNCHROTRON (2000)

Cathode-follower is well known by its low output impedance characteristic. However, it has not been applied to synchrotrons, because of its poor voltage gain and thus the huge power consumption in the driver stage. This problem can be solved by driving between grid and cathode of the final tube with an isolation transformer. The key issue to the transformer is to realise a high coupling coefficient, but less capacitance between primary and secondary coil windings. The core of the transformer is made of magnetic alloy FT-3M with 3-turn windings each. The coupling coefficient is more than 0.986 below 9 MHz with a capacitance between coil windings of 31.5 pF. The model system has been tested under frequency modulation in the 2-6 MHz range at 40 Hz repetition, resulting in a voltage gain of 6-11 and several tenths of ohms typically for an output impedance.
Interleukin‐6 activates PI3K/Akt pathway and regulates cyclin A1 to promote prostate cancer cell survival (2007)

Interleukin-6 (IL6) is a growth and survival factor in human prostate cancer (PCa) cells with aggressive phenotypes and has been implicated in the progression of hormone refractory PCas. In the present study, we characterized the IL6-triggered PI3K/Akt and MAPK/Erk signaling. We identified the A-type cyclin, cyclin A1 as an important downstream target of PI3K/Akt. Treatment of cells with PI3K inhibitor or cotransfection with a vector expressing wild-type PTEN decreased cyclin A1 promoter activity. Cyclin A1 promoter activity and its expression were upregulated by constitutively active myristoylated Akt and were downregulated by dominant negative Akt in response to IL6 stimulation. LNCaP cells overexpressing cyclin A1 are resistant to camptothecin-induced apoptosis. Conversely, targeted knockdown of cyclin A1 via shRNA in LNCaP IL6+ cells resulted in decreased survival after treatment with camptothecin. This suggests that cyclin A1 is an important downstream target of PI3K/Akt that transduces survival signals in response to IL6 stimulation. Xenograft tumors generated from LNCaP-IL6+ cells expressing IL6 had higher levels of cyclin A1 and had rapid tumor growth compared to LNCaP xenograft tumors. Taken together, IL6 might utilize PI3K/Akt and cyclin A1 to promote tumor cell survival in PCa.
Mixture Densities, Maximum Likelihood and the EM Algorithm (1984)

The problem of estimating the parameters which determine a mixture density has been the subject of a large, diverse body of literature spanning nearly ninety years. During the last two decades, the method of maximum likelihood has become the most widely followed approach to this problem, thanks primarily to the advent of high speed electronic computers. Here, we first offer a brief survey of the literature directed toward this problem and review maximum-likelihood estimation for it. We then turn to the subject of ultimate interest, which is a particular iterative procedure for numerically approximating maximum-likelihood estimates for mixture density problems. This procedure, known as the EM algorithm, is a specialization to the mixture density context of a general algorithm of the same name used to approximate maximum-likelihood estimates for incomplete data problems. We discuss the formulation and theoretical and practical properties of the EM algorithm for mixture densities, focussing in particular on mixtures of densities from exponential families.
A novel electrooptical proximity sensor for robotics: calibration and active sensing (1997)

An electrooptical proximity sensor capable of measuring the distance and two-dimensional orientation of an object's surface is presented. The robustness of the sensor, targeted for utilization in robotic active sensing, is achieved via the development of a novel amplitude-modulated-based electrooptical transducer, an electronic-interface circuit that provides very good noise immunity and a wide dynamic operating range, and an effective multi-region calibration process that significantly improves pose-estimations at near proximities. An experimental setup was designed and implemented for the development and verification of the proposed proximity sensor in a simulated robotic environment. Experimental results using a variety of calibrated surfaces and materials are presented and discussed. It is shown that average accuracies of 0.01 mm and 0.03/spl deg/ can be achieved. The robustness of the proximity sensor is also verified for potential use in grasping objects with a priori noncalibrated surfaces.
Stimulus factors influencing the identification of voiced stop consonants by normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults (1988)

The effects of mild-to-moderate hearing impairment on the perceptual importance of three acoustic correlates of stop consonant place of articulation were examined. Normal-hearing and hearing-impaired adults identified a stimulus set comprising all possible combinations of the levels of three factors: formant transition type (three levels), spectral tilt type (three levels), and abruptness of frequency change (two levels). The levels of these factors correspond to those appropriate for /b/, /d/, and /g/ in the /ae/ environment. Normal-hearing subjects responded primarily in accord with the place of articulation specified by the formant transitions. Hearing-impaired subjects showed less-than-normal reliance on formant transitions and greater-than-normal reliance on spectral tilt and abruptness of frequency change. These results suggest that hearing impairment affects the perceptual importance of cues to stop consonant identity, increasing the importance of information provided by both temporal characteristics and gross spectral shape and decreasing the importance of information provided by the formant transitions.
Constitutively Activated STAT3 Frequently Coexpresses with Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor in High-Grade Gliomas and Targeting STAT3 Sensitizes Them to Iressa and Alkylators (2008)

STAT3 constitutive activation, alone and in concurrence with EGFR expression, plays an important role in high-grade/malignant gliomas and targeting STAT3/JAK2 sensitizes these tumors to anti-EGFR and alkylating agents.
Estimation of Depths of Fluid Contacts and Relative Permeability Curves by History Matching Using Iterative Ensemble-Kalman Smoothers (2009)

Summary With the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) or smoother (EnKS), it is easy to adjust a wide variety of model parameters by assimilation of dynamic data. We focus first on the case where realizations and estimates of the depths of the initial fluid contacts, as well as grid- block rock-property fields, are generated by matching production data with the EnKS. Then we add the parameters defining power law relative permeability curves to the set of parameters estimated by assimilating production data with EnKS. The efficiency of EnKF and EnKS arises because data are assimilated sequentially in time and so "history matching data" requires only one forward run of the reservoir simulator for each ensemble member. For EnKS and EnKF to yield reliable characterizations of the uncertainty in model parameters and future performance predictions, the updated reservoir-simulation variables (e.g., saturations and pressures) must be statistically consistent with the realizations of these variables that would be obtained by rerunning the simulator from time zero using the updated model parameters. This statistical consistency can be established only under assumptions of Gaussi- anity and linearity that do not normally hold. Here, we use iterative EnKS methods that are statistically consistent, and show that, for the problems considered here, iteration significantly improves the performance of EnKS.
Weathering and the Fallout Plume of Heavy Oil from Strong Petroleum Seeps Near Coal Oil Point, CA (2009)

The Coal Oil Point (COP) seeps offshore Goleta, CA, are estimated to release 20-25 tons of oil daily, providing an ideal natural laboratory to investigate the fate of oil in the coastal ocean. To address the long-term fate of COP oil, we collected 15 sediment samples down current from the seeps and quantified petroleum content and individual biomarkers using traditional and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography. Similarities in the distributions of hopane biomarkers link the oil in the sediments to fresh seep oil (n=5) and underlying reservoirs (n=3), although sediment oil is heavily weathered. The spatial distribution of oil forms a plume along the continental shelf that we suggest represents a chronic fallout pattern for heavy oil from the persistent surface slicks; average surface currents appear to modulate the distribution of the fallout over a period of 0.4-5 days. The extent of hydrocarbon loss is consistent for all sediments, indicating a common limit to oil weathering with contributions from evaporation, biodegradation, and dissolution. Considering the amount of oil and quantity of sediment impacted, we estimate a sediment oil burden of 0.3 x 10(12) to 3 x 10(12) g in the study area, equivalent to 8-80 spills of the Exxon Valdez accident of 1989.
Investigating virtual passthrough I/O on commodity devices (2009)

A commodity I/O device has no support for virtualization. A VMM can assign such a device to a single guest with direct, fast, but insecure access by the guest's native device driver. Alternatively, the VMMcan build virtual devices on top of the physical device, allowing it to be multiplexed across VMs, but with lower performance. We propose a technique that provides an intermediate option. In virtual passthrough I/O (VPIO), the guest interacts directly with the physical device most of the time, achieving high performance, as in passthrough I/O. Additionally, the guest/device interactions drive a model that in turn identifies (1) when the physical device can be handed off to another VM, and (2) if the guest programs the device to behave illegitimately. In this paper, we describe the VPIO model, and present preliminary results in using it to support two commodity network cards within the Palacios VMM we are building. We believe that an appropriate model for an I/O device could be produced by the hardware vendor as part of the design, implementation, and testing process.
Assessing the efficacy of candidate mosquito repellents against the background of an attractive source that mimics a human host (2014)

Mosquito repellents are used around the globe to protect against nuisance biting and disease-transmitting mosquitoes. Recently, there has been renewed interest in the development of repellents as tools to control the transmission of mosquito-borne diseases. We present a new bioassay for the accurate assessment of candidate repellent compounds, using a synthetic odour that mimics the odour blend released by human skin. Using DEET (N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide) and PMD (p-menthane-3,8-diol) as reference compounds, nine candidate repellents were tested, of which five showed significant repellency to the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (Diptera: Culicidae). These included: 2-nonanone; 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one; linalool; δ-decalactone, and δ-undecalactone. The lactones were also tested on the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti (Stegomyia aegypti) (Diptera: Culicidae), against which they showed similar degrees of repellency. We conclude that the lactones are highly promising repellents, particularly because these compounds are pleasant-smelling, natural products that are also present in human food sources.
Successful Application of a New Electromagnetic Corrosion Tool for Well Integrity Evaluation in Old Wells Completed with Reduced Diameter Tubular (2013)

Abstract As the number of aging wells grows in the oil and gas industry, there is a recurrent need for monitoring the health of these wells over their productive life and providing assurance of the integrity of the well barriers that isolate them from uncontrolled formation pressure and fluids. Tubing and casing condition evaluation is a crucial aspect of this evaluation. The industry utilizes a number of conventional technologies for evaluation of tubing and casing integrity, such as internal mechanical calipers, electromagnetic and ultrasonic thickness (UT) tools, which are generally quite satisfactory for the evaluation of the inner casing but are often affected by internal tubular diameters in terms of their application. Most conventional tubular evaluation tools are unable to evaluate multiple concentric barriers. When combined with the low diameter production tubing completions the options for evaluating the production and outer casings become very limited, necessitating the need to pull the inner casing by performing a workover at a considerable expense and inspect the outer casing with conventional technology. A new electromagnetic casing corrosion evaluation technology was applied in a group of critical wells completed with small diameter tubing. The technology utilizes electromagnetic pulsed transient eddy currents to simultaneously inspect tubing and the casing behind it and provide quantifiably segregated measurements of thickness in the tubing and the first concentric casing as well as qualitatively characterized by a third casing string. This slim tool with a diameter of 1-11/16" allows measurements through slim production tubing. The objective of the study was to assess the integrity of a group of mature wells completed with small diameter restrictions, near populated areas and associated with high H2S environment. This study includes the candidate generation, field application, results evaluation and general recommendations for the well integrity program. The results exhibited that the data obtained from the tool is reliable. A quantifiable assessment of the metal loss of casing behind the tubing could be made, which made a mitigation strategy possible to prevent casing leaks, which in these wells are critical due to their population sensitive location.
Dissection of Functional Domains of the Human DNA Replication Protein Complex Replication Protein A (1996)

Replication protein A (RPA) is a mammalian single-stranded DNA binding factor essential for DNA replication, repair, and recombination. It is composed of three subunits of 70, 34, and 13 kDa (Rpa1, Rpa2, and Rpa3, respectively). Deletion mapping of the Rpa2 subunit identified the domain required for interaction with Rpa1 and Rpa3 which does not include the N-terminal domain that is phosphorylated during S phase. Deletion mapping of Rpa1 defined three domains. The C-terminal third of the Rpa1 polypeptide binds Rpa2 which itself forms a bridge between Rpa1 and Rpa3. The N-terminal third of Rpa1 bound single-stranded DNA under low stringency conditions only (0.1 M NaCl), while a central domain binds to single-stranded DNA under both low and high stringency conditions (0.5 M NaCl). Binding to p53 requires the N-terminal third of Rpa1 with some contribution from the C-terminal third. The evolutionarily conserved putative zinc finger near the C terminus of Rpa1 was not required for binding to single-stranded DNA, Rpa2, or p53. However, all three subdomains of Rpa1 and the zinc finger were essential for supporting DNA replication in vitro. These experiments are a first step toward defining peptide components responsible for the many functions of the RPA protein complex.
Seedmarkers: Embeddable Markers for Physical Objects (2021)

We present Seedmarkers, shape-independent topological markers that can be embedded in physical objects manufactured with common rapid-prototyping techniques. Many markers are optimized for technical performance while visual appearance or the feasibility of permanently merging marker and physical object is not considered. We give an overview of the aesthetic properties of a wide range of existing markers and conducted a short online survey to assess the perception of popular marker designs. Based on our findings we introduce our generation algorithm making use of weighted Voronoi diagrams for topological optimization. With our generator, Seedmarkers can be created from technical drawings during the design process to fill arbitrary shapes on any surface. Given dimensions and manufacturing constraints, different configurations for 3 or 6 degrees of freedom tracking are possible. We propose a set of application examples for shape-independent markers, including 3D printed tangibles, laser cut plates and functional markers on printed circuit boards.
Curvature Effects on Thermal Buckling Load of DWCNT Under Axial Compression Force (2011)

In this article, curvature effects on elastic thermal buckling of double-walled carbon nanotubes under axially compressed force are investigated using cylindrical shell model. Also, the small scale effect is taken into account in the formulation. The dependence of the interlayer van der Waals (vdW) pressure on the change of the curvatures of the inner and outer tubes at that point is considered. The effects of the surrounding elastic medium, curvature and the vdW forces between the inner and outer tubes increase the critical buckling load under thermal and axial compression loads, while small scale effect decreases it. © 2011 IAU, Arak Branch. All rights reserved.
FROM MYTHIC TO DESIRABLE HERITAGE: CASE OF HILL VRČEVO (2014)

U radu autor ukazuje na mehanizme izgradnje identiteta koji se temelje na implementaciji nacionalnih, domoljubnih i vjerskih vrijednosti i tradicija dok u isto vrijeme dezintegriraju danas nepoželjne “poganska” vjerovanja u vjestice. Kao primjer navodi brdo Vrcevo u Ravnim kotarima koje je stoljecima predstavljalo mitski prostor i okupljaliste vjestica. Nezadovoljni takvom “poganskom” tradicijom (zbog koje je “Vjesticje brdo Vrcevo” vise puta bilo prikazano na nacionalnoj televiziji) lokalno stanovnistvo odlucilo je podici kapelicu i posvetiti ju Blaženoj Djevici Mariji od Krunice. Na taj nacin željeli su pokazati javnosti da njihov identitet i tradiciju ne cine “poganska praznovjerja” i vjestice, vec katolicanstvo i druge s njime povezane vrijednosti i tradicije.
Das Oxidationsverhalten von Cu‐Zn‐Al‐Legierungen bei hoher Temperatur (1976)

Abstract Das Verhalten der CuZnAl‐Legierungen in heißen, oxidierenden Atmosphären ist gekennzeichnet durch die Bildung von festhaftenden Deckschichten, deren Eigenschaften durch Aluminiumoxid bestimmt werden. das teilweise in Spinell umgewandelt wird. Die Bildung der schützenden Schichten ist begünstigt, wenn die Legierung größere Mengen Zink enthält, da dieses dann ‐ nach anfänglicher Verarmung der Legierungsoberfläche an Al ‐ zunächst als Sauerstoffaktzeptor wirkt, so daß zusäliches Aluminium aus dem Inneren des Metalls zur Oberfläche diffundieren und dort die Schutzschicht verstärken kann, Der erforderliche Aluminiumgehalt wird mit zunehmendem Zinkgehalt geringer: bei etwa 22% Zn reichen 3‐4% Al aus, um eine dichte Schutzschicht zu bilden. Diese Legierungen sind auch am beständigsten gegen zyklische Temperaturwechsel während der Oxidation. Die Haftfestigkeit der Schichten kann durch Zusatz von Seltenen Erden noch weiter verbessert werden.
Role of plant root exudate and Sym plasmid-localized nodulation genes in the synthesis by Rhizobium leguminosarum of Tsr factor, which causes thick and short roots on common vetch (1986)

In a previous paper it was shown that cocultivation of Rhizobium leguminosarum with the plant Vicia sativa subsp. nigra on solid medium causes a changed mode of growth of the plant roots, resulting in thick and short roots (Tsr). The Sym plasmid present in the bacterium appeared to be essential for causing Tsr (A. A. N. van Brussel, T. Tak, A. Wetselaar, E. Pees, and C. A. Wijffelman, Plant Sci. Lett. 27:317-325, 1982). In the present paper, we show that a role in causing Tsr is general for Sym plasmids of R. leguminosarum and Rhizobium trifolii. Moreover, mutants with transposon insertions in the Sym plasmid-localized nodulation genes nodA, B, C, and D are unable to cause Tsr, in contrast to nodulation mutants localized in other parts of the Sym plasmid. The observation that Tsr could also be brought about in liquid medium enabled us to show that Tsr is caused by a soluble factor. Experiments in which plants and bacteria were grown separately in the sterile supernatant fluids of each other resulted in establishing the following sequence of events. (i) The plant produces a factor, designated as factor A. (ii) Factor A causes the Sym plasmid-harboring bacteria to produce Tsr factor. (iii) Growth of young plants in the presence of Tsr factor results in the Tsr phenotype. Models explaining this example of molecular signalling between bacteria and plants are discussed.