gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Influence of Electron Donor on the Minimum Sulfate Concentration Required for Sulfate Reduction in a Petroleum Hydrocarbon-Contaminated Aquifer (1996)

Fluctuations in the availability of electron donor (petroleum hydrocarbons) affected the competition between sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) and methanogenic bacteria (MB) for control of electron flow in a petroleum hydrocarbon-contaminated aquifer. The data suggest that abundant electron donor availability allowed MB to sequester a portion of the electron flow even when sulfate was present in sufficient concentrations to support sulfate reduction. For example, in an area of abundant electron-donor availability, SRB appeared to be unable to sequester the electron flow from MB in the presence of 1.4 mg/L sulfate. The data also suggest that when electron-donor availability was limited, SRB outcompeted MB for available substrate at a lower concentration of sulfate than when electron donor was plentiful. For example, in an area of limited electron-donor availability, SRB appeared to maintain dominance of electron flow at sulfate concentrations less than 1 mg/L. The presence of abundant electron donor and a limited amount of sulfate reduced competition for available substrate, allowing both SRB and MB to metabolize available substrates concurrently.
Muscle Afferent???Pituitary Axis: A Novel Pathway for Modulating the Secretion of a Pituitary Growth Factor (2001)

Evidence is presented for a novel muscle-neuro-endocrine pathway for modulating the secretion of an unidentified pituitary growth factor by proprioceptive input from skeletal muscle afferents. Exercise stimulates the release of this growth factor, whereas chronic unloading associated with bed rest or spaceflight abrogates the normal exercise stimulus.
Heme oxygenase-1 gene induction as an intrinsic regulation against delayed cerebral vasospasm in rats (1999)

Delayed cerebral vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) causes cerebral ischemia and infarction. To date, the pathogenesis and gene expression associated with vasospasm remain poorly understood. The present study used fluorescent differential display to identify differentially expressed genes in a rat model of SAH. By using quantitative RT-PCR, we found that heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) mRNA was prominently induced in the basilar artery and modestly in brain tissue in a rat vasospasm model. A significant correlation was observed between the degree of vasospasm and HO-1 mRNA levels in the basilar arteries exhibiting vasospasm. Intracisternal injection of antisense HO-1 oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) significantly delayed the clearance of oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin from the subarachnoid space and aggravated angiographic vasospasm. Antisense HO-1 ODN inhibited HO-1 induction in the basilar arteries but not in the whole brain tissue. This phenomenon was not observed in the nontreated, sense HO-1 ODN-treated, or scrambled ODN-treated arteries. We report the protective effects of HO-1 gene induction in cerebral vasospasm after SAH, a finding that should provide a novel therapeutic approach for cerebral vasospasm.
European Nationality, Race and Commonwealth in the Writings of Sir Francis Palgrave, 1788–1861 (1998)

'Man must be classed according to his blood, and not according to his habitat'.1 The words were those of the young Francis Palgrave, future editor for the Record Commission and from 1838 to 1861 Deputy Keeper of the Public Records. Palgrave, in addition to his editing work and to the series of Reports which he wrote as Deputy Keeper, was the author of three works of medieval history – the History of England. Anglo-Saxon Period (1831), The Rise and Progress of the English Commonwealth (1832), and The History of Normandy and England (from 1851 onwards but incomplete at his death) – in addition to a series of fictional dialogues with medieval settings, some 40 historical and literary articles in the periodical press, many of them on medieval subjects, and other miscellaneous writings. In this enormous and somewhat repetitive oeuvre race and nationality are recurrent themes.
Effect of sulfur and manure on availability of rock phosphate in soil (1917)

The use of phosphorus fertilizers is now a recognized necessity in all systems of permanent agriculture. However well supplied naturally, all soils gradually become depleted in phosphorous thru the removal of crops and this element must be returned if crop production is to continue satisfactory. Many soils, especially those under long continued cultivation, have been found to respond very profitably to phosphorus fertilization while even the newer, more fertile soils are approaching a condition where phosphorus will soon become the controlling factor of growth. The interest in phosphorus fertilizers is therefore becoming more widespread and the use of these materials is assuming much economic importance.
Thermoplastic Elastomers (2002)

Abstract Thermoplastic elastomers have many of the physical properties of vulcanized rubbers but can be processed as thermoplastics. This unique behavior has opened a new field of polymer science and technology. Since their commercial introduction in the 1960s, thermoplastic elastomers have become a significant part of the polymer industry. They are used in applications as diverse as adhesives, footwear, medical devices, automobile parts, and asphalt modification. Many of them are block copolymers with alternating hard and soft segments. The thermoplastic elastomers with polystyrene hard segments are the larget group and probably the most versatile; they can be produced over a wide range of hardness values and applied either in the molten state or from solution. Other examples are block copolymers with elastomers, either vulcanized or unvulcanized, in which the two components are intimately mixed together, but in most cases still remain as separate phases. Thermoplastic elastomers of this type are generally used as replacements for vulcanized rubbers. This article reviews the synthesis, morphology, structure–property relationships, and commercial applications of thermoplastic elastomers of all types.
A Strategy for Interpreting Multidetector Size-Exclusion Chromatography Data I (1993)

A systematic approach for diagnosing and overcoming problems in multidetector SEC analysis is presented. The system examined consists of differential refractive index (DRI), low-angle laser light-scattering (LALLS) and differential viscometry (DV)detectors. An ultraviolet (UV) detector was also used to monitor an internal standard used as a flow rate marker. The strategy underlying this approach is to sequentially select the values to be calculated from the data so as to be able to isolate sources of error. A broad standard with known molecular weight averages is injected. Data from the DRI and conventional calibration curve are used first. Once problems have been resolved and results are satisfactory, each molecular weight detector is examined in turn. Finally, data from both the DRI and the molecular weight detectors is used to obtain interdetector volumes. It is shown that by using this approach, separate calculations of the molecular weight distribution for the broad standard using conventional narrow standard calibration, LALLS and DV (with universal calibration) provide identical results. For the analysis of broad samples on this moderately high-resolution system, resolution correction proved unnecessary and axial dispersion did not affect the interpretation used. However, it is shown that if narrow molecular weight distribution polymers are to be analyzed, resolution correction must be considered. An example utilizing the "Method of Molecular Weight Averages" is shown.
Single-agent Docetaxel in Patients with Platinum-refractory Metastatic or Recurrent Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck (SCCHN) (2007)

A single-agent docetaxel regimen appeared to offer an acceptable clinical profile in patients with platinum-refractory SCCHN.
Iterative symbol synchronization using variable IIR and FIR fractional-delay filters with arbitrary oversampling ratios (2005)

Software radio systems employ direct conversion receivers with asynchronous sampling such that the actual sampling instants are not synchronized with the incoming symbols. In this paper, an iterative low-complexity symbol synchronization algorithm is proposed. In our proposal, the timing estimate is obtained using two iteration rounds. Qn the first iteration round, we find a rough estimate of the timing error and on the second iteration round, we obtain our final improved timing error estimate. The technique is illustrated with example implementations using both FIR and IIR FD filters showing improved estimation accuracy with comparisons to previously published results. Furthermore, the proposed iterative symbol synchronization algorithm is also shown to reduce the overall implementation complexity.
A motion sensor having non-volatile direction memory (1991)

A simple, noncontacting device for determining the sense of an ongoing, or last occurring, motion, as well as the speed, of a smooth ferromagnetic target is described. The device consists of a small permanent magnet and a magnetic field sensor displaced from each other along the line of motion with each at a small fixed distance from the target. As the initially uniformly magnetized target passes the magnet it undergoes a polarity reversal within a small region downstream of the magnet. The nonzero div M within this localized transition zone is the source of an additional field having unequal intensities on the two sides of the magnet axis. This asymmetry allows the direction of motion to be discerned by the field sensor. In conductive targets a velocity-dependent, asymmetrical field component arises from the reversal in the circulation direction of eddy currents at the magnet axis. The use of two field sensors on either side of the magnet provides symmetrical directional response.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dynamics of nucleotide metabolism as a supporter of life phenomena (2005)

Adenylate kinase (hereinafter referred to as AK) catalyzes a reversible high-energy phosphoryl transfer reaction between adenine nucleotides. The enzyme contributes to the homeostasis of cellular adenine nucleotide composition in addition to the nucleotide biosynthesis. So far, six AK isozymes, AK1, AK2, AK3, AK4, AK5, and AK6, were identified. AK1 is localized in neuronal processes, sperm tail and on the cytoskeleton in cardiac cells at high concentrations, suggesting its regulatory function as a high-energy beta-phosphoryl transfer chain from ATP-synthesizing sites to the ATP-utilizing sites in the cell. AK2, AK3 and AK4 are mitochondrial proteins. AK2 is expressed in the intermembrane space, while AK3 and AK4 are localized in the mitochondrial matrix. AK3 is expressed in all tissues except for red blood cells indicating that AK3 gene is a housekeeping-type gene. On the other hand, AK4 is tissue-specifically expressed mainly in kidney, brain, heart, and liver although its enzymatic activity is not yet detected. AK5 is solely expressed in a limited area of brain. AK6 is recently identified in nucleus, suggesting its role in nuclear nucleotide metabolism. All data, so far reported, indicated the function of AK is associated with the mechanism of efficient transfer of high-energy phosphate in micro-compartment within the cell.
Nonstructural Protein 5A Is Incorporated into Hepatitis C Virus Low-Density Particle through Interaction with Core Protein and Microtubules during Intracellular Transport (2014)

Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) serves dual functions in viral RNA replication and virus assembly. Here, we demonstrate that HCV replication complex along with NS5A and Core protein was transported to the lipid droplet (LD) through microtubules, and NS5A-Core complexes were then transported from LD through early-to-late endosomes to the plasma membrane via microtubules. Further studies by cofractionation analysis and immunoelectron microscopy of the released particles showed that NS5A-Core complexes, but not NS4B, were present in the low-density fractions, but not in the high-density fractions, of the HCV RNA-containing virions and associated with the internal virion core. Furthermore, exosomal markers CD63 and CD81 were also detected in the low-density fractions, but not in the high-density fractions. Overall, our results suggest that HCV NS5A is associated with the core of the low-density virus particles which exit the cell through a preexisting endosome/exosome pathway and may contribute to HCV natural infection.
Éloge funèbre de S. M. Victor-Emmanuel III, associé étranger de l'Académie (1948)

Merlin Alfred. Éloge funèbre de S. M. Victor-Emmanuel III, associé étranger de l'Académie. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 92ᵉ année, N. 1, 1948. pp. 4-11.
Language independent authorship attribution using character level language models (2003)

We present a method for computer-assisted authorship attribution based on character-level n-gram language models. Our approach is based on simple information theoretic principles, and achieves improved performance across a variety of languages without requiring extensive pre-processing or feature selection. To demonstrate the effectiveness and language independence of our approach, we present experimental results on Greek, English, and Chinese data. We show that our approach achieves state of the art performance in each of these cases. In particular, we obtain a 18% accuracy improvement over the best published results for a Greek data set, while using a far simpler technique than previous investigations.
Real-analysis, alap-guided synthesis of real-time embedded systems (1999)

Potential of ultrasonic examination for diagnosis of choledocholithiasis was analyzed in 47 patients. Ultrasonic scanners Acuson 128XP and SONOLINE Elegra with 2-9 MHz sensors were used. Choledocholithisis was diagnosed during transabdominal echography in 38 (80.9%) patients. Method of ultrasound-assisted "vibratory" palpation for diagnosis of mobile concrements of the common bile duct is presented. Causes of 2 (4.3%) false-positive and 7 (14.9%) false-negative results of examination are analyzed.
Design and calibration of a MEMS sensor for measuring the force and torque acting on a magnetic microrobot (2007)

This paper presents the design, fabrication and calibration of a multi-axis micro force–torque sensor. The sensor and its readout electronics are specifically designed to simultaneously measure two force components and one torque component. The load is measured by capacitive comb drives which provide high sensitivity. The sensor is applied to measure micro-Newton level forces and nano-Newton-meter level torques on a magnetically actuated microrobot. This microrobot is assembled from microfabricated nickel parts and is designed for directed drug delivery inside the human body. The precise knowledge of the forces and torques will help design magnetic position controllers as well as understand the magnetic properties of the electroplated microparts.
Three-anode accelerating lens system for field emission scanning electron microscopy (II) (1974)

The comparisons between the electronic computer data and the experimental results of the characteristics of a three-anode accelerating lens system for field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) are described. Experimentally two characteristics were obtained. One of them is the relation between the accelerating voltages and the control voltages for the fixed working distance. The other is the variation of the current with the accelerating voltages. In comparison with the results of the electronic computer simulation, a close coincidence was found for the former case, but for the latter the experimental results are approximately half as large as those obtained theoretically.
Surgical Pathology Examination of the Prostate Gland:<i>Practice Survey by American Society of Clinical Pathologists</i> (1994)

The American Society of Clinical Pathologists surveyed 395 members who represented the spectrum of anatomic pathology practice among the membership. The results of how respondents fix, section, process, and report radical prostatectomy specimens, transurethral prostatectomy specimens, and needle biopsy specimens is presented, with a commentary based on the current medical literature.
Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase activity in red blood cell-stroma from patients with cerebral thrombosis (1992)

Platelet-activating factor (1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, PAF) is a bioactive phospholipid and inactivated by a specific enzyme, PAF acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH). We have measured PAF-AH activity in red blood cells (RBCs) from patients with a history of cerebral thrombosis and age-matched healthy controls. The activities in 34 patients and 34 controls were 1.29 +/- 0.28 and 1.64 +/- 0.26 nmol/10(9) RBCs/min (or, 30.0 +/- 5.8 and 35.1 +/- 4.7 nmol/g protein/min) (mean +/- SD), respectively, and the difference was significant (p less than 0.001). In patients, RBC PAF-AH activity correlated positively with RBC filterability, an index of RBC deformability (r = +0.501, p less than 0.05). The RBC activity may play a role in scavenging oxidation products of membrane phospholipids. Lower RBC PAF-AH activity may predispose to ischemic diseases by disturbing microcirculatory behavior of the RBCs.
MIMO designs for mmWave wireless LAN systems (2014)

In this paper, we explore unique aspects of MIMO designs for mmWave wireless LAN systems, focusing on SU-MIMO feasibility at 60 GHz and implications on the MAC protocol design. We study the spectral efficiency gains achievable by using and MIMO with dual polarization in an indoor environment. We show that beyond 2 streams, MIMO gains (for SU-case) are rather limited and that fine beamforming with narrow beams is important for MIMO capacity gains. In this paper, we also provide efficient association and beamforming techniques for SU/MU-MIMO, enabling greater number of STAs to associate and refine beams in a given amount of time compared to the IEEE 802.11ad protocol.
Association of arthrogryposis multiplex congenita with maternal antibodies inhibiting fetal acetylcholine receptor function. (1996)

Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC), characterized by multiple joint contractures developing in utero, results from lack of fetal movement. Some cases are genetically determined, but AMC occasionally complicates pregnancy in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) suggesting involvement of circulating maternal antibodies. We previously demonstrated antibodies that inhibited the function of fetal acetylcholine receptor (AChR) in one healthy woman with an obstetric history of recurrent AMC. Here we study sera from this woman, from one other with a similar history, and from three (one asymptomatic) whose babies had neonatal MG and AMC. All five maternal sera had high titers of antibodies that inhibited alpha-Bungarotoxin (alpha-BuTx) binding to fetal AChR, and their sera markedly inhibited fetal AChR function with little effect on adult AChR function. Moreover, in a further survey, 3 of 20 sera from anti-AChR negative AMC mothers inhibited fetal AChR function significantly at 1:100 dilution. These results demonstrate the role of antibodies to fetal AChR and perhaps other muscle antigens in some cases of AMC. More generally, they suggest that placental transfer of antibodies directed at fetal antigens should be considered as a cause of other recurrent fetal or perinatal disorders.
Role of the angiotensin AT2 receptor in blood pressure regulation and therapeutic implications (2001)

The angiotensin (ANG) Type 2 (AT2) receptor is one of two major ANG II receptors that have been identified, cloned, and sequenced. Most of the biologic actions of ANG II are thought to be mediated by the AT1 receptor, but evidence is beginning to emerge that the AT2 receptor has a significant role in the regulation of blood pressure. In the adult rat, the AT2 receptor is expressed, albeit in low concentrations in kidney, mesenteric blood vessels, and heart. Most of the evidence suggests that the AT2 receptor stimulates a vasodilator signaling cascade that includes bradykinin, nitric oxide, and guanosine cyclic 3',5'-monophosphate. At lease some of the beneficial actions of AT1 receptor blockade are mediated by the AT2 receptor through this pathway. Several recent studies suggest that AT2 receptors may mediate vasodilation and hypotension. The AT2 receptor represents a potential therapeutic target for agonist action and a candidate molecule in the pathophysiology of hypertension.
[Temperature requirements for afterripening of the embryo of Fritillaria cirrhosa Don.f]. (1993)

The seeds of Fritillaria cirrhosa contain immature embryos at harvest. To afterripen the embryos, different temperatures are required at different stages. Experiments show that 15 degrees C is the most suitable temperature for the earlier stage of morphological development of the embryos, and 10 degrees C for the later stage. To release from the physiological dormancy, chilling at 5 degrees C for 73-91 days is desirable.
A bioassay computer program for analgesic clinical trials (1967)

A Fortran program to calculate estimates of relative potency of a test to a standard analgesic is described. The program considers, at the option of the users, four distinct populations: completers, all of those patients who have completed a full crossover round of medication; two‐rounders, patients who have completed two or more rounds of medication; incompleters, patients who have not completed one or more rounds of medication; and first dose only patients, the initial administration received by all patients in the study whether or not they have dropped out. Up to six observations plus the initial reading for pain intensity scores and pain relief scores may be processed separately. The program also creates several summary variables including: SPID, an estimate of the area under the reciprocal of the pain intensity curve; TOTAL, an estimate of the area under the pain relief curve; and estimates of onset and duration as measured by relief scores and by pain intenSity scores. The program automatically performs calculations‐ for the analysis of variance and produces F values when appropriate for testing linearity of the log dose relationship, parallelism of the two curves for test and standard, and so forth. The paper discusses the rationale behind the approach adopted in the program.
Dispiroketals in Synthesis (Part 3):<sup>1</sup>Selective Protection of Diequatorial Vicinal Diols in Carbohydrates (1993)

The selective protection of trans vicinal diols of a range of monosaccharides by formation of 1,8,13,16-tetraoxadispiro[5.0.5.4]hexadecanes (dispiroketals) is reported.
Depression in Epilepsy: Ignoring Clinical Expression of Neuronal Network Dysfunction? (2004)

Epilepsy is a chronic disorder that adversely affects social, vocational, and psychological functioning. Despite the variety and complexity of the negative clinical associations with epilepsy, depression is remarkable in prevalence and related adverse effects on health status. An estimated 30-50% of persons with refractory epilepsy have major depression, and depression has a stronger correlation than seizure rate with quality of life. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in epilepsy. Available data indicate that depression may result from underlying brain dysfunction rather than social and vocational disability. Most patients with depression are not screened systematically for the diagnosis, and are subsequently not treated. Although the density of serotonin receptors is greatest in limbic brain regions commonly involved in human epilepsy, such as the mesial temporal and prefrontal areas, no prior randomized controlled trials have evaluated the efficacy of serotonin reuptake inhibitors for depression in epilepsy.