gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Identification of enzymes responsible for extracellular alginate depolymerization and alginate metabolism in Vibrio algivorus (2016)

Alginate is a marine non-food-competing polysaccharide that has potential applications in biorefinery. Owing to its large size (molecular weight >300,000 Da), alginate cannot pass through the bacterial cell membrane. Therefore, bacteria that utilize alginate are presumed to have an enzyme that degrades extracellular alginate. Recently, Vibrio algivorus sp. SA2<sup>T</sup> was identified as a novel alginate-decomposing and alginate-utilizing species. However, little is known about the mechanism of alginate degradation and metabolism in this species. To address this issue, we screened the V. algivorus genomic DNA library for genes encoding polysaccharide-decomposing enzymes using a novel double-layer plate screening method and identified alyB as a candidate. Most identified alginate-decomposing enzymes (i.e., alginate lyases) must be concentrated and purified before extracellular alginate depolymerization. AlyB of V. algivorus heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli depolymerized extracellular alginate without requiring concentration or purification. We found seven homologues in the V. algivorus genome (alyB, alyD, oalA, oalB, oalC, dehR, and toaA) that are thought to encode enzymes responsible for alginate transport and metabolism. Introducing these genes into E. coli enabled the cells to assimilate soluble alginate depolymerized by V. algivorus AlyB as the sole carbon source. The alginate was bioconverted into L-lysine (43.3 mg/l) in E. coli strain AJIK01. These findings demonstrate a simple and novel screening method for identifying polysaccharide-degrading enzymes in bacteria and provide a simple alginate biocatalyst and fermentation system with potential applications in industrial biorefinery.
Investigating the Use of Nanoparticles in Enhancing Oil Recovery (2010)

Abstract This paper is aimed at studying the ability of three different polysilicon nanoparticles (PSNP) to enhance oil recovery. Changing rock wettability is the target because wettability is a primary factor that affects recovery efficiency. The experiments conducted centered on laboratory coreflooding using two kinds of oil, brine and polysilicon nanofluids on water wet rocks obtained from the Niger Delta. The three kinds of PSNP used for this study were lipophobic and hydrophilic PSNP (LHPN), hydrophobic and lipophilic PSNP (HLPN) and neutrally wet PSNP (NWPN). The results obtained indicate that NWPN and HLPN are good enhanced oil recovery (EOR) agents in water wet formations. Two mechanisms through which oil recovery is enhanced using NWPN and HLPN are change of rock wettability and reduction of interfacial tension by the improved quality of ethanol, the dispersing agent. Thus NWPN and HLPN dispersed in ethanol are recommended for use in EOR for water wet formations. LHPN which make already water wet rocks strongly water wet yield poor recovery factors indicating that its use for EOR should be restricted to oil wet formations.
Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors: A Review of Their Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Potential and Mechanisms of Action (2021)

Chronic inflammatory diseases are debilitating, affect patients' quality of life, and are a significant financial burden on health care. Inflammation is regulated by pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines that are expressed by immune and non-immune cells, and their expression is highly controlled, both spatially and temporally. Their dysregulation is a hallmark of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Significant evidence supports that monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor drugs have anti-inflammatory effects. MAO inhibitors are principally prescribed for the management of a variety of central nervous system (CNS)-associated diseases such as depression, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's; however, they also have anti-inflammatory effects in the CNS and a variety of non-CNS tissues. To bolster support for their development as anti-inflammatories, it is critical to elucidate their mechanism(s) of action. MAO inhibitors decrease the generation of end products such as hydrogen peroxide, aldehyde, and ammonium. They also inhibit biogenic amine degradation, and this increases cellular and pericellular catecholamines in a variety of immune and some non-immune cells. This decrease in end product metabolites and increase in catecholamines can play a significant role in the anti-inflammatory effects of MAO inhibitors. This review examines MAO inhibitor effects on inflammation in a variety of <i>in vitro</i> and <i>in vivo</i> CNS and non-CNS disease models, as well as their anti-inflammatory mechanism(s) of action.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 in microbial flora of sheep (1996)

We found naturally occurring, potentially virulent Escherichia coli O157:H7 strains in sheep. The incidence of E. coli O157:H7 was transient and ranged from 31% of sheep in June to none in November. The use of a sensitive culture technique and the choice of the proper sampling season were both essential for detecting this bacterium in sheep. DNA hybridizations showed that 80% of the E. coli O157:H7 isolates had at least two of the Shiga-like toxin types I or II or the attaching-effacing lesion genes.
Studies on the Safety of Chronically Administered Intrathecal Neostigmine Methylsulfate in Rats and Dogs  (1995)

In rats, neostigmine produced a dose-dependent increase in hot plate latency, and no tolerance was observed. Mild tremor was observed but was not debilitating. Histopathology revealed a mild fibrotic reaction to the catheter with mixed signs of moderate, acute, and chronic inflammation with no differences between saline or drug groups. In dogs, neostigmine had no effect on blood pressure or on the skin twitch response but produced bradycardia and an increase in muscle tone. At sacrifice, cerebrospinal fluid protein, specific gravity, and glucose were elevated in both saline and neostigmine groups. Histopathology displayed a local reaction to the spinal catheter and a mixed acute and chronic inflammatory reaction. No group differences were observed. These results suggest that, at the neostigmine concentration of 1 mg/ml in the rat and dog and in doses up to 4 mg/day in the dog, there is no evidence of spinal tissue toxicity that can be attributed to the drug. This result, observed in two species, suggests that intrathecal neostigmine given in this manner is without distinguishable toxicity in these two models.
Steroid Estrogens, Nonylphenol Ethoxylate Metabolites, and Other Wastewater Contaminants in Groundwater Affected by a Residential Septic System on Cape Cod, MA (2006)

Septic systems serve approximately 25% of U.S. households and may be an important source of estrogenic and other organic wastewater contaminants (OWC) to groundwater. We monitored several estrogenic OWC, including nonylphenol (NP), nonylphenol mono- and diethoxycarboxylates (NP1EC and NP2EC), the steroid hormones 17beta-estradiol (E2), estrone (E1) and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates, and other OWC such as methylene blue active substances (MBAS), caffeine and its degradation product paraxanthine, and two fluorescent whitening agents in a residential septic system and in downgradient groundwater. E1 and E2 were present predominantly as free estrogens in groundwater, and near-source groundwater concentrations of all OWC were highest in the suboxic to anoxic portion of the wastewater plume, where concentrations of most OWC were similar to those observed in the septic tank on the same day. NP and NP2EC were up to 6- to 30-fold higher, and caffeine and paraxanthine were each 60-fold lower than septic tank concentrations, suggesting net production and removal, respectively, of these constituents. At the most shallow, oxic depth, concentrations of all OWC except for NP2EC were substantially lower than in the tank and in deeper wells. Yet boron, specific conductance, and the sum of nitrate-and ammonia-nitrogen were highest at this shallow depth, suggesting preferential losses of OWC along the more oxic flow lines. As far as 6.0 m downgradient, concentrations of many OWC were within a factor of 2 of near-source concentrations. The results suggest that there is the potential for migration of these OWC, which are unregulated and not routinely monitored, in groundwater.
The designer's model of the CUA Workplace (1992)

This paper discusses the details, insights, and rationale of the Operating System— (OS—) Version 2 Workplace Model, an implementation of the user interface defined by the IBM 1991 Common User Access— (CUA—) guidelines. The Workplace Model is described as an object-oriented user interface where objects represented by icons are manipulated by selection and movement, copying and creation of other objects, and by defining their behavior to accomplish the user's desired task.
The interfacial strength of carbon nanofiber epoxy composite using single fiber pullout experiments (2009)

Carbon nanotubes and nanofibers are extensively researched as reinforcing agents in nanocomposites for their multifunctionality, light weight and high strength. However, it is the interface between the nanofiber and the matrix that dictates the overall properties of the nanocomposite. The current trend is to measure elastic properties of the bulk nanocomposite and then compare them with theoretical models to extract the information on the interfacial strength. The ideal experiment is single fiber pullout from the matrix because it directly measures the interfacial strength. However, the technique is difficult to apply to nanocomposites because of the small size of the fibers and the requirement for high resolution force and displacement sensing. We present an experimental technique for measuring the interfacial strength of nanofiber-reinforced composites using the single fiber pullout technique and demonstrate the technique for a carbon nanofiber-reinforced epoxy composite. The experiment is performed in situ in a scanning electron microscope and the interfacial strength for the epoxy composite was measured to be 170 MPa.
Chinese segmentation and new word detection using conditional random fields (2004)

Chinese word segmentation is a difficult, important and widely-studied sequence modeling problem. This paper demonstrates the ability of linear-chain conditional random fields (CRFs) to perform robust and accurate Chinese word segmentation by providing a principled framework that easily supports the integration of domain knowledge in the form of multiple lexicons of characters and words. We also present a probabilistic new word detection method, which further improves performance. Our system is evaluated on four datasets used in a recent comprehensive Chinese word segmentation competition. State-of-the-art performance is obtained.
Disease management interventions to improve outcomes in congestive heart failure. (1997)

This study is part of a planned 24-month, multicenter, longitudinal comparison of a comprehensive congestive heart failure (CHF) disease management program and was designed to determine effectiveness after 12 months of implementation. The impact of interventions such as telemonitoring of patients, post-hospitalization follow-up, and provider education on selected primary outcomes (hospital admission and readmission rates, length of stay, total hospital days, and emergency room utilization) in a managed care setting was evaluated. Subjects in the study included all participants in the managed care plan, as well as 149 selected program participants. The effects of the program were analyzed for pure CHF and CHF-related diagnoses, with outcomes for the third quarter of 1996 (postintervention follow-up) being compared with those for the third quarter of 1995 (preintervention baseline). Overall, the data demonstrated significantly reduced admission and readmission rates for patients with the pure CHF diagnosis. Among the entire CHF patient population, the third quarter admission rate declined 63% (P = 0.00002), and the 30-day and 90-day readmission rates declined 75% (P = 0.02) and 74% (P = 0.004), respectively. Among program participants with pure CHF diagnoses, the 30-day readmission rate was reduced to 0, and an 83% reduction occurred for both the third quarter admission (P = 0.008) and 90-day readmission (P = 0.06) rates. In addition, the average length of stay for patients with CHF-related diagnoses was significantly reduced among both plan participants (P = 0.03) and program participants (P = 0.001). Reductions were also seen in total hospital days and emergency room utilization. These data thus indicate that a comprehensive disease management program can reduce healthcare utilization not only among CHF patients in the program but also among the entire managed care plan population.
Spinning pulsating string solitons in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">AdS</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mo>×</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">S</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>5</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msup></mml:mrow></mml:math> (2004)

We point out the existence of some simple string solitons in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{5}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{\mathrm{S}}^{5},$ which at the same time are spinning in ${\mathrm{AdS}}_{5}$ and pulsating in ${\mathrm{S}}^{5},$ or vice versa. This introduces an additional arbitrary constant into the scaling relations between energy and spin or R charge. The arbitrary constant is not an angular momentum, but can be related to the amplitude of the pulsation. We discuss the solutions in detail and consider the scaling relations. Pulsating multispin or multi-R-charge solutions can also be constructed.
Laser activation of ferromagnetism in hydrogenated Ga1−xMnxAs (2008)

We demonstrate the local depassivation of hydrogenated Ga1−xMnxAs by pulsed-laser annealing. The controlled removal of Mn–H defect complexes, which form upon hydrogenation and render Mn acceptors inactive, is achieved by focused laser irradiation. As a result, regions of electrically and ferromagnetically active Ga1−xMnxAs are formed within a nonactive, otherwise structurally identical film. The hydrogenated films subjected to blanket laser depassivation display a Curie temperature TC up to 60K, or 60% of the TC of the as-grown films. These results demonstrate the direct laser writing of mesoscopic ferromagnetically active regions as a viable route for the realization of planar, nanoscale spintronic systems.
Capillary Electrophoresis-based Heteroduplex Analysis with a Universal Heteroduplex Generator for Detection of Point Mutations Associated with Rifampin Resistance in Tuberculosis (2001)

Capillary electrophoresis, combined with the HDA-UHG technique, may be of value for rapid and efficient clinical diagnosis of rifampin-resistant tuberculosis strains.
Potentiometric Polyion Sensors: New Measurement Technology for Monitoring Blood Heparin Concentrations During Open Heart Surgery (1995)

Journal Article Potentiometric Polyion Sensors: New Measurement Technology for Monitoring Blood Heparin Concentrations During Open Heart Surgery Get access Clinical Chemistry, Volume 41, Issue 9, 1 September 1995, Pages 1355–1356, https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/41.9.1355 Published: 01 September 1995
The industrial laws in the United Kingdom and South Africa: a comparative study (1969)

The provisions relating to voluntary and compulsory arbitration in the Republic of South Africa differ fundamentally from the law in the United Kingdom. It is suggested that the law of the Republic has this merit, namely, that it ensures that no strike or lock-out takes place in essential services where the public interest would clearly be prejudiced; nor in non-essential services before serious attempts at a settlement have been set in operation. In the United Kingdom strikes and lock-outs can take place legally at any time, at least once notice of termination has been given.
Methamphetamine and Inflammatory Cytokines Increase Neuronal Na+/K+-ATPase Isoform 3: Relevance for HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (2012)

Methamphetamine (METH) abuse in conjunction with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) exacerbates neuropathogenesis and accelerates neurocognitive impairments in the central nervous system (CNS), collectively termed HIV Associated Neurocognitive Disorders (HAND). Since both HIV and METH have been implicated in altering the synaptic architecture, this study focused on investigating alterations in synaptic proteins. Employing a quantitative proteomics approach on synaptosomes isolated from the caudate nucleus from two groups of rhesus monkeys chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) differing by one regimen, METH treatment, we identified the neuron specific Na(+)/K(+)-ATPase alpha 1 isoform 3 (ATP1A3) to be up regulated after METH treatment, and validated its up regulation by METH in vitro. Further studies on signaling mechanisms revealed that the activation of ATP1A3 involves the extracellular regulated kinase (ERK) pathway. Given its function in maintaining ionic gradients and emerging role as a signaling molecule, changes in ATP1A3 yields insights into the mechanisms associated with HAND and interactions with drugs of abuse.
Envisioning secure and usable access control for patients (2014)

Several pilot tests show that patients who are able to access their Electronic Health Records (EHR), become more responsible and involved in the maintenance of their health. However, despite technologically feasible and legally possible, there is no validated or standardized toolset available yet, for patients to review and manage their EHR. Many privacy, security and usability issues must be solved first before this practice can be made mainstream. This paper proposes and discusses the design of an access control visual application that addresses most of these issues, and offers patients a secure, controlled and easy access to their EHR.
Provably good performance-driven global routing (1992)

The authors propose a provably good performance-driven global routing algorithm for both cell-based and building-block design. The approach is based on a new bounded-radius minimum routing tree formulation. The authors first present several heuristics with good performance, based on an analog of Prim's minimum spanning tree construction. Next, they give an algorithm which simultaneously minimizes both routing cost and the longest interconnection path, so that both are bounded by small constant factors away from optimal. They also show that geometry helps in routing: in the Manhattan plane, the total wire length for Steiner routing improves to 3/2*(1+(1/ epsilon )) times the optimal Steiner tree cost, while in the Euclidean plane, the total cost is further reduced to (2/ square root 3)*(1+(1/ epsilon )) times optimal. The method generalizes to the case where varying wire length bounds are prescribed for different source-sink paths. Extensive simulations confirm that this approach works well.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Molecular Footprints of Neurotoxic Amphetamine Action (2000)

Methamphetamine (METH) and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA or Ecstasy) are amphetamine analogs with high abuse potential. These drugs also cause damage to dopamine and serotonin nerve terminals in vivo. The mechanisms by which these drugs cause neurotoxicity are not known, but a great deal of attention has been focused on reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as mediators of this toxicity. ROS and RNS have very short biological half-lives in vivo, and it is virtually impossible to measure them in brain directly. However, ROS and RNS are also characterized by their extreme reactivity with proteins and nucleotides. Tryptophan hydroxylase (TPH) and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the initial and rate limiting enzymes in the synthesis of serotonin and dopamine, respectively, are identified targets for the actions of METH and MDMA. Using recombinant forms of these proteins, we have found that nitric oxide, catechol-quinones, and peroxynitrite, all of which are potentially produced by the neurotoxic amphetamines, covalently modify both TPH and TH. The ROS and RNS cause reductions in catalytic function of these enzymes in a manner that is consistent with the effects of METH and MDMNA in vivo. Protein-bound ROS or RNS may serve as molecular footprints of neurotoxic amphetamine action.
Introduction (2004)

The intellectual historian Albert Hirschman proposed that one of his aims was 'to renew the sense of wonder about the genesis of the "spirit of capitalism'".1 A similar aim lies behind the present study. The basic assertions about human nature that accompany the development of capitalist societies — the primacy of self-interest, acquisitiveness, the hedonistic desire to consume — were disputed right through the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The apologists for economic innovation were forced to find moral and political arguments to justify change.KeywordsEighteenth CenturyLate Eighteenth CenturySexual Double StandardWoman WriterEconomic InnovationThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Prophylactic immunization against experimental leishmaniasis. IV. Subcutaneous immunization prevents the induction of protective immunity against fatal <i>Leishmania major</i> infection. (1985)

Durable immunity against fatal L. major infection in genetically susceptible mice can be induced by immunization with 150,000-rad irradiated or heat-killed promastigotes administered i.v. or to a lesser extent i.p. Conversely, subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) injections are not only totally ineffective but generally increase susceptibility to and enhance the progression of the disease, leading to earlier mortality. This detrimental effect is particularly evident with lower infecting challenge doses. Disease exacerbation is apparent in mice given 4 X s.c. injections of as few as 2 X 10(4) irradiated promastigotes, but it appears most potent after doses of 2 X 10(7). When mice given 4 X s.c. injections were subsequently immunized i.v. with 2 X 10(7) irradiated promastigotes, they failed to develop any evidence of protection against infection with 2 X 10(5) promastigotes, whereas mice given i.v. immunization alone were strongly protected. Thus, s.c. injections are capable of blocking the prophylactic effect of i.v. immunization with irradiated parasites. This inhibitory effect can be achieved with a single s.c. injection, although rather less potently than with four, and is even effective against four repeated weekly i.v. immunizations. Once induced, the effect persists undiminished after 100 days. A weaker effect is also inducible by s.c. injection given after i.v. immunization. The blocking effect of s.c. injection is not dependent on continuing viability of the promastigotes, as it can be induced equally readily with heat-killed, formalin-fixed, or sonicated parasites. The phenomenon extends to mouse strains genetically resistant as well as susceptible to L. major infection and, in congenic mice of BALB background, is independent of the major histocompatibility (H-2) gene complex.
Basic digit sets for radix representation (1982)

A fimte set of integer digits D with 0 E D is basic for base 13 ff the set of polynomials ~[D] contains a umque P E ~[D] with P(fl) = i for every mteger t Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for D to be basic for ft. Efficient procedures are exhibited for verifying that D is basic for fl and for computing the P E ~[D] such that P(fl) = i for any l. For digit values in excess ofth base, it is shown that an infLmte class of basle dtgit sets exists for every base fl with [fl[ >_ 3. Infinite precision radix representations are shown to eXLSt for every real number when D is basic for d, and the inherent redundancy of infinite precision representation is investigated.