gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Amplicor PCR for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from sputum specimens (1995)

We evaluated the Amplicor PCR assay (Roche Molecular Systems, Branchburg, N.J.) for direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum. A total of 532 specimens from 270 patients were decontaminated and stored at 4 or -75 degrees C until assayed by PCR. This assay used three-step sample preparation, biotinylated primer pairs, AmpErase, and a microtiter format for amplicon capture and detection. Amplicor PCR results were compared with clinical history, culture from a Lowenstein-Jensen slant, and results from the BACTEC TB-460 system. Eighty-seven cultures from 15 patients grew M. tuberculosis; of these, 83 (95%) were positive with the Amplicor PCR test. The false negatives were most likely due to sample variation and inhibitors. Of the 445 specimens from which M. tuberculosis was not isolated, 428 (96%) were negative with the Amplicor PCR test. Of the 17 M. tuberculosis culture-negative, Amplicor-positive specimens, 15 were reclassified as true positives because previous cultures grew M. tuberculosis. Of the 445 specimens which did not grow M. tuberculosis, Mycobacterium spp. other than M. tuberculosis were isolated from 150 specimens. Three of these 150 specimens were Amplicor positive; two were from a patient with a history of tuberculosis, and one specimen gave a false-positive result. We do not feel that this represents cross-reactivity, because repeated Amplicor testing of the isolate gave negative results. The microtiter plate has 96 wells. Allowing for six controls, 90 decontaminated specimens can be tested by one technologist in 7.5 h. This PCR assay took 7.5 h to complete and is a sensitive and specific, rapid method for the direct detection of M. tuberculosis from sputum.
LOW TEMPERATURE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICAL RUBBER (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLOW TEMPERATURE MANUFACTURE OF CHEMICAL RUBBERW. H. Shearon, J. P. McKenzie, and M. E. SamuelsCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1948, 40, 5, 769–777Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1948https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50461a002RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views85Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alerts
Efficacy of Enzyme and Substrate Reduction Therapy with a Novel Antagonist of Glucosylceramide Synthase for Fabry Disease (2015)

Fabry disease, an X-linked glycosphingolipid storage disorder, is caused by the deficient activity of α-galactosidase A (α-Gal A). This results in the lysosomal accumulation in various cell types of its glycolipid substrates, including globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) and lysoglobotriaosylceramide (globotriaosyl lysosphingolipid, lyso-GL-3), leading to kidney, heart, and cerebrovascular disease. To complement and potentially augment the current standard of care, biweekly infusions of recombinant α-Gal A, the merits of substrate reduction therapy (SRT) by selectively inhibiting glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) were examined. Here, we report the development of a novel, orally available GCS inhibitor (Genz-682452) with pharmacological and safety profiles that have potential for treating Fabry disease. Treating Fabry mice with Genz-682452 resulted in reduced tissue levels of GL-3 and lyso-GL-3 and a delayed loss of the thermal nociceptive response. Greatest improvements were realized when the therapeutic intervention was administered to younger mice before they developed overt pathology. Importantly, as the pharmacologic profiles of α-Gal A and Genz-682452 are different, treating animals with both drugs conferred the greatest efficacy. For example, because Genz-682452, but not α-Gal A, can traverse the blood-brain barrier, levels of accumulated glycosphingolipids were reduced in the brain of Genz-682452-treated but not α-Gal A-treated mice. These results suggest that combining substrate reduction and enzyme replacement may confer both complementary and additive therapeutic benefits in Fabry disease.
Just-In-Time Push Prefetching: Accelerating the Mobile Web (2013)

Web pages take noticeably longer to load when accessing the Internet using high latency wide-area wireless networks like 3G. This delay can result in lower user satisfaction and lost revenue for web site operators. By locating a just-in-time prefetching push proxy in the cloud and routing mobile client web requests through it, web page load times can be perceivably reduced. Our analysis and experimental results demonstrate that the use of a push proxy results in a much smaller dependency on the mobile client to network latency than seen in environments where no proxy is used, in particular, only one full round trip from client to server is necessary regardless of the number of resources referenced by a web page. In addition, we find that the ideal location for a push proxy minimizes the latency between the proxy and the servers that the mobile client accesses through it, in contrast to traditional proxies which are best deployed in a manner that minimizes the latency between client and proxy.
Multisite phosphorylation of 14-3-3 proteins by calcium-dependent protein kinases (2014)

Plant 14-3-3 proteins are phosphorylated at multiple sites in vivo; however, the protein kinase(s) responsible are unknown. Of the 34 CPK (calcium-dependent protein kinase) paralogues in Arabidopsis thaliana, three (CPK1, CPK24 and CPK28) contain a canonical 14-3-3-binding motif. These three, in addition to CPK3, CPK6 and CPK8, were tested for activity against recombinant 14-3-3 proteins χ and ε. Using an MS-based quantitative assay we demonstrate phosphorylation of 14-3-3 χ and ε at a total of seven sites, one of which is an in vivo site discovered in Arabidopsis. CPK autophosphorylation was also comprehensively monitored by MS and revealed a total of 45 sites among the six CPKs analysed, most of which were located within the N-terminal variable and catalytic domains. Among these CPK autophosphorylation sites was Tyr463 within the calcium-binding EF-hand domain of CPK28. Of all CPKs assayed, CPK28, which contained an autophosphorylation site (Ser43) within a canonical 14-3-3-binding motif, showed the highest activity against 14-3-3 proteins. Phosphomimetic mutagenesis of Ser72 to aspartate on 14-3-3χ, which is adjacent to the 14-3-3-binding cleft and conserved among all 14-3-3 isoforms, prevented 14-3-3-mediated inhibition of phosphorylated nitrate reductase.
Reliability of 780-nm High-Power Laser Diodes with Thin Quantum Well Active Layer (1991)

The reliability of 780-nm-(AlGa)As high-power laser diodes with a thin triple-quantum-well or a single-quantum-well active layer is investigated. The thin active layers achieve high catastrophic optical damage levels above 170 mW. In these laser diodes, a gradual increase of the operation current limits the lifetime of the laser diode. The gradual degradation rate is higher in the single-quantum-well laser diodes than to the triple-quantum-well laser diodes, and is also higher in shorter-cavity-length laser diodes. The power dependence of the gradual degradation rate is very small compared with the dependence on cavity length or active layer structure. The gradual degradation mainly depends on the threshold current density per active layer thickness. As a result, 60-mW reliable operation for more than 1000 hours was achieved at 50°C in 600-µm-length triple-quantum-well lasers.
Relative Effectiveness of Ten Fumigants to Adults of Eight Species of Stored-Product Insects1 (1954)

Journal Article Relative Effectiveness of Ten Fumigants to Adults of Eight Species of Stored-Product Insects Get access David L. Lindgren, David L. Lindgren University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Lloyd E. Vincent, Lloyd E. Vincent University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Harold E. Krohne Harold E. Krohne University of California Citrus Experiment Station, Riverside Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Journal of Economic Entomology, Volume 47, Issue 5, 1 October 1954, Pages 923–926, https://doi.org/10.1093/jee/47.5.923 Published: 01 October 1954
Cathode/Electrolyte Interactions and Their Expected Impact On SOFC Performance (1993)

The cathode characteristics and cathode/electrolyte interactions were studied. Both dense and porous cathode films have been deposited on ZrO2 and CeO2-based electrolyte substrates by using a novel spin coating technique. La0.6Sr0.4Co0.2Fe0.8O3 (LSCF) and La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 (LSM) were found compatible with (CeO2)0.8(SmO1.5)0.2 (CSO) substrates at temperatures up to 1200°C. However, LSCF and LSM reacted with (ZrO2)0.84(YO1.5)0.16 (YSZ), forming La2Zr2O7 and SrZrO3. The impact of interfacial reactions on cell performance was studied by AC impedance spectroscopy. The LSCF/CSO system showed the lowest electrode resistance and overpotential. Interactions were observed between LSCF (or LSM) and YSZ in the 1000°C to 1200°C range, which resulted in high interfacial resistance. If indeed YSZ is the electrolyte of choice, both operating and processing temperatures must be maintained below 800°C. The introduction of CSO buffer layer between LSCF (or LSM) and YSZ alleviates this limitation. Our results show that this layer impedes interfacial reactions which, in term, affect cell performance.
Excited-state absorption spectroscopy of ortho-metalated iridium(III) complexes (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExcited-state absorption spectroscopy of ortho-metalated iridium(III) complexesK. Ichimura, T. Kobayashi, K. A. King, and R. J. WattsCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1987, 91, 24, 6104–6106Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100308a012https://doi.org/10.1021/j100308a012research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views990Altmetric-Citations72LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Safety, Efficacy and Evidence Base for Use of the Subcutaneous Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (2018)

The trans-venous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (TV-ICD) is effective in treating life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia and reduces mortality in high-risk patients. However, there are significant short- and long-term complications that are associated with intravascular leads. These shortcomings are mostly relevant in young patients with long life expectancy and low risk of death from non-arrhythmic causes. Drawbacks of trans-venous leads recently led to the development of the entirely subcutaneous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (S-ICD). The S-ICD does not require vascular access or permanent intravascular defibrillation leads. Therefore, it is expected to overcome many complications associated with conventional ICDs. This review highlights data on safety and efficacy of the S-ICD and is envisioned to help in identifying the role of this device in clinical practice.
On the History of the Free Skin Graft (1982)

Skin graft procedures had already been performed prior to Reverdin's great discovery. Skin grafting apparently originated with the Hindus 3,000 years ago, but until the beginning of the nineteenth century only a few trials were reported. In the first half of the nineteenth century, skin graft procedures were done by Baronio, Cooper, Bünger, and Dieffenbach. Bert's experimental work in 1963 opened the way for the pioneers Reverdin, Ollier, Wolfe, and Thiersch, who contributed the free skin graft.
Numerical and charge sheet models for thin-film SOI MOSFETs (1990)

Numerical charge sheet models applicable for all bias conditions are presented for the channel currents of long-channel SOI MOSFETs. From a comparison of the two models it is shown that the charge sheet analytic model accurately predicts the channel currents from weak to strong inversion regions. The results include analytic expressions for the drift and diffusion current components of individual channel currents, the front-gate and back-gate interaction parameter, and an analytic correlation between the surface potentials of the front and back channels when there is coupling between the two gates under nonthermal equilibrium conditions. The effect of SOI (silicon on insulator) film thickness on the drain current was investigated under different bias conditions for the back gate, and it was found that thin films are beneficial from the point of increased drain currents if the back channel is in depletion or inversion. It is also shown that, in addition to the charge coupling effects, dynamic interaction between the channels exists if the static current in one of the channels saturates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mutagenesis of the Arg-Gly-Asp triplet in human complement component C3 does not abolish binding of iC3b to the leukocyte integrin complement receptor type III (CR3, CD11b/CD18). (1992)

The leukocyte integrin complement receptor type III (CR3, CD11b/CD18) binds the C3 cleavage product iC3b. Many other integrins bind their ligands via an Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) triplet. Both the RGD-containing C3 peptide 1390TRYRGDQDATMS1401 (pro-C3 numbering) and the RGD-like fibrinogen peptide GGAKQAGDV, which binds to the platelet integrin glycoprotein IIb-IIIa, were shown to inhibit the iC3b-CR3 interaction, suggesting that this binding is also RGD-mediated (Wright, S.D., Weitz, J.I., Huang, A. J., Levin, S.M., Silverstein, S.C., and Loike, J.D. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 7734-7738). However, unlike other integrin-ligand interactions, that of CR3 and iC3b is unaffected by the hexapeptide GRGDSP, and substitutions in the RGD triplet of C3 from other species appear to be tolerated. It was, therefore, proposed (Grossberger, D., Marcuz, A., du Pasquier, L., and Lambris, J.D. (1989) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 86, 1323-1327) that the highly conserved DATMS portion of the inhibitory C3 peptide may have been responsible for its binding. To address these inconsistencies and directly assess the role of the 1390-1401 segment within the complete iC3b molecule in mediating binding to CR3, a human C3 cDNA was altered by site-directed mutagenesis and the expressed recombinant proteins were examined in a CR3-specific assay. Replacement of RGD by AAA did not abolish rosetting of the corresponding iC3b-coated erythrocytes to human CR3-bearing leukocytes. In addition, mutant iC3b molecules in which the positively charged R1391 (corresponding to K in the fibrinogen peptide) and the highly conserved 1397DATMS sequence were replaced by Q and NAAMA respectively, were still bound by CR3. We conclude that the iC3b-CR3 interaction is not mediated by the RGD triplet or its neighboring residues.
Direct Cloning from Enrichment Cultures, a Reliable Strategy for Isolation of Complete Operons and Genes from Microbial Consortia (2001)

Enrichment cultures of microbial consortia enable the diverse metabolic and catabolic activities of these populations to be studied on a molecular level and to be explored as potential sources for biotechnology processes. We have used a combined approach of enrichment culture and direct cloning to construct cosmid libraries with large (>30-kb) inserts from microbial consortia. Enrichment cultures were inoculated with samples from five environments, and high amounts of avidin were added to the cultures to favor growth of biotin-producing microbes. DNA was extracted from three of these enrichment cultures and used to construct cosmid libraries; each library consisted of between 6,000 and 35,000 clones, with an average insert size of 30 to 40 kb. The inserts contained a diverse population of genomic DNA fragments isolated from the consortia organisms. These three libraries were used to complement the Escherichia coli biotin auxotrophic strain ATCC 33767 Delta(bio-uvrB). Initial screens resulted in the isolation of seven different complementing cosmid clones, carrying biotin biosynthesis operons. Biotin biosynthesis capabilities and growth under defined conditions of four of these clones were studied. Biotin measured in the different culture supernatants ranged from 42 to 3,800 pg/ml/optical density unit. Sequencing the identified biotin synthesis genes revealed high similarities to bio operons from gram-negative bacteria. In addition, random sequencing identified other interesting open reading frames, as well as two operons, the histidine utilization operon (hut), and the cluster of genes involved in biosynthesis of molybdopterin cofactors in bacteria (moaABCDE).
Three-dimensional guide-wire reconstruction from biplane image sequences for integrated display in 3-d vasculature (2003)

Using three-dimensional rotational X-ray angiography (3DRA), three-dimensional (3-D) information of the vasculature can be obtained prior to endovascular interventions. However, during interventions, the radiologist has to rely on fluoroscopy images to manipulate the guide wire. In order to take full advantage of the 3-D information from 3DRA data during endovascular interventions, a method is presented that yields an integrated display of the position of the guide wire and vasculature in 3-D. The method relies on an automated method that tracks the guide wire simultaneously in biplane fluoroscopy images. Based on the calibrated geometry of the C-arm, the 3-D guide-wire position is determined and visualized in the 3-D coordinate system of the vasculature. The method is evaluated in an intracranial anthropomorphic vascular phantom. The influence of the angle between projections, distortion correction of the projection images, and accuracy of geometry knowledge on the accuracy of 3-D guide-wire reconstruction from biplane images is determined. If the calibrated geometry information is used and the images are corrected for distortion, a mean distance to the reference standard of 0.42 mm and a tip distance of 0.65 mm is found, which means that accurate guide-wire reconstruction from biplane images can be performed.
Morphology, Thermal Stability, and Mechanical Behavior of [Poly(propylene)‐grafted Maleic Anhydride]‐Layered Expanded Graphite Oxide Composites (2007)

Abstract PP‐ g ‐MA‐layered EGO composites were prepared directly by solution blending. Two types of PP‐ g ‐MA/EGO composites were prepared using different mixing methods: distributive and dispersive. In this study, the effects of the mixing method of EGO on the crystalline structure and thermo‐mechanical properties of PP‐ g ‐MA/EGO composites are reported. WAXD exhibited a shift in 2 θ of the monoclinic ( α ) phase of PP‐ g ‐MA and (002) EGO peaks for PP‐ g ‐MA/EGO layered composites, which indicated a modification of the crystalline structure of PP‐ g ‐MA in the layered composites. DSC exhibited a single characteristic melting peak of monoclinic ( α ) crystalline phase PP‐ g ‐MA. The incorporation of EGO increased T c indicating that the EGO acted as a nucleating agent for PP‐ g ‐MA. The crystallinity of the PP‐ g ‐MA/EGO composites was found to be dependent on the mixing method. Thermogravimetry demonstrated that PP‐ g ‐MA in the presence of EGO has higher degradation temperature, suggesting that the graphite particles acted as a thermal barrier material for PP‐ g ‐MA. DMA indicated that incorporation of EGO into PP‐ g ‐MA increased the storage modulus, due to the hydrogen bonding between EGO and MA of PP‐ g ‐MA. magnified image
Spatially Defined Surface Modification of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Using 172 nm Vacuum Ultraviolet Light (2002)

Hydrophilization of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) substrates has been demonstrated using a excimer lamp radiating vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) light of 172 nm in wavelength. In this study, we have particularly focused on the effects of atmospheric pressure during VUV irradiation. Each of the substrates was photoirradiated with VUV light under a pressure of 10, 103, or 105 Pa. Although in each case the hydrophobic PMMA surface became hydrophilic, the water−contact angle and photooxidation rate markedly depended on the atmospheric pressure. The sample treated at 10 Pa was less wettable than the samples treated at 103 and 105 Pa due to the shortage of oxygen molecules in the atmosphere. The minimum water-contact angles of the samples treated at 10, 103, and 105 Pa were about 40, 25, and 24°, respectively. Microfabrication of the PMMA substrates was also demonstrated employing a simple mesh−mask contact method using the same excimer lamp. As confirmed by atomic force microscopy, a photoetched groove composed of 25 × 25 μm2 features was successfully fabricated on the PMMA substrates. Both the spatial resolution and photoetch depth of the microstructures depended on the atmospheric pressure. At 10 and 103 Pa, we achieved finely grooved microstructures at etching rates of 13 and 13.2 nm/min, respectively. In comparison, when the pressure was further increased to 105 Pa, the etching rate decreased to 6.9 nm/min and patterning resolution became significantly worse. The pressure of 103 Pa was determined to be optimum for accurately defining PMMA surfaces both chemically and geometrically.
A novel power generation system for ground vehicles (2003)

The paper presents a new generation scheme that is capable of efficient high electric power as needed for future automobiles. The new system consists of a permanent magnet (PM) alternator, a split winding and a novel electronic voltage regulator. A proof of concept system, capable of providing 100/250 A (idle/cruising) at 14 V, has been built and tested. The results show that this high output is provided at 15-20 percentage points higher efficiencies than conventional automotive alternators, which translates into considerable fuel economy savings. The alternator is also 8 dB quieter and has a rotor inertia of only 2/3 that of an equivalent production alternator, thus avoiding belt slippage. Analysis show that a 48 V system would be even more efficient with up to 5-percentile points improvement and could use power devices with reduced current rating, size and cost.