gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fault location in active distribution networks by means of the continuous-wavelet analysis of fault-originated high frequency transients (2010)

The first aim of the paper is the characterization of fault-originated transients in power distribution networks as a function of the fault location and of the measurement point. Both fault location and of the measurement point are indeed correlated to the position of the faulted branch and of the fault location through the paths covered by travelling waves originated by the fault event. The second aim of the paper is the identification of these paths, which is of importance for the development of fast and reliable fault location procedure. To this aim, the paper illustrates an algorithm, based on the continuous wavelet analysis of fault-originated transients, that allows for a successful identification of the continuous frequency spectrum of fault transients. The knowledge of that spectrum is then used to identify characteristic frequencies directly correlated to the previously mentioned paths and, therefore, to the fault location. The paper also presents the structure of a first prototype of fault locator, which implements the proposed procedure. Finally, experimental tests aimed at verifying the performances of that prototype are presented and the results discussed.
Multi-slider linkage mechanism for endoscopic forceps manipulator (2004)

This paper proposes a new endoscopic hand-held forceps manipulator for endoscopic surgery using two bending mechanisms by multi-slider linkage mechanisms to achieve high mechanical performance and applicability. A bending mechanism consisted of three outer frames, two rotating joints and two sliding linkages for drive and restraint. Two pin-joints could rotate /spl plusmn/45 degrees respectively, enabling rotation of /spl plusmn/90 degrees. The rotation of the joint was available by pulling/pushing the adjacent element by sliding linkage in order. We connected two bending mechanisms, one was for the horizontal plane bending and the other was for the vertical plane bending, enabling 2-DOFs independent motions between -90 degrees and +90 degrees. The 2-DOFs bending mechanism and 1-DOF forceps mechanism were driven by three brushless DC-servomotors. A personal computer-based control unit determined displacement of sliding two linkages and of pulling one wire by the target angle of each DOF mechanism. We examined the actual angle of 2-DOFs bending mechanism, obtaining repeatability of /spl plusmn/0.87 degrees in the horizontal plane bending and /spl plusmn/0.91 degrees in the vertical plane bending. In vivo experiment, this manipulator performed endoscopic surgical tasks under pneumoperitoneum. In conclusion, we were sure of a usefulness of multi-slider linkage mechanism for the new handheld forceps manipulator for clinical application, which showed high repeatability of less 1.0 mm and large workspace with sufficient holding power of 0.55 kgf.
Phase Behaviour, Formation and Characterization of Palm-Based Esters Nanoemulsion Formulation containing Ibuprofen (2011)

Palm-based esters, synthesized through enzymatic transesterification of palm oil fractions with oleyl alcohol have potential application in pharmaceutical formulations. The phase behaviour of palm-based esters containing ibuprofen with surfactant of different HLB values was investigated for topical delivery system. The surfactants were Tween 85, Tween 60 and Tween 80, and the palm-based esters were palm oil esters (POEs) and palm kernel oil esters (PKOEs). Ternary phase diagrams of palm-based esters: Ibuprofen/surfactant/water systems were constructed. Three distinct regions were observed in the phase diagrams; isotropic liquid region, L 1 , liquid crystalline region, L c and multiphase region, M. Nanoemulsions were prepared spontaneously by the addition of water to oil:ibuprofen/surfactant mixtures based on the ternary phase diagrams constructed. Formulations from the PKOEs:Ibuprofen/Tween 80/water systems were selected due to the presence of large isotropic liquid region, which suggested that this region was suitable to be used in producing nanoemulsions. Particle size analysis showed that the mean particle sizes of these formulations ranged from 10 nm to 70 nm. Zeta potential analysis for all formulations showed negative values from -4 to -8 mV. Stability studies showed that, after 4 h of stirring at room temperature (25C), the formulations were stable under centrifugation test at 4000 rpm for 15 min. Stability under different storage temperature showed that at 25C, the four formulations, F1, F2, F3 and F4 were stable with no phase separation for the duration of 1 month. However, when these formulations were stored at 45C and 4C, respectively, only F3 and F4 were observed to be stable. These two formulations have the potential to be used for topical delivery of ibuprofen.
Nanoparticle Clusters with Lennard-Jones Geometries (2012)

Noble gas and metal atoms form minimum-energy clusters. Here, we present analogous agglomerates of gold nanoparticles formed in oil-in-water emulsions. We exclude interfacial templating and nucleation-and-growth as formation mechanisms of these supraparticles. Similar to atomic clusters, the supraparticles form when a mobile precursor state can reconfigure until the nanoparticles' interactions with each other and with the liquid-liquid interface are maximized. This formation mechanism is in striking contrast to that previously reported for microparticle clusters.
The Focusing of Light by a Dielectric Rod (1963)

The focusing effect of a dielectric circular cylinder in a uniform, three-dimensional light field is studied The cylinder consists of an absorbing core surrounded by a coaxial, nonabsorbing sheath. The dielectric constants of the core and the sheath are the same. An expression for the energy density (or the light intensity) in the core is obtained. The study was motivated by the problem of pumping a composite rod optical maser.
Sodium by Electrolysis Through Glass (1926)

For the electrolysis of sodium into glass containers from salts of sodium, I have developed a stable circuit which permits electrolysis to be carried on with currents as large as .3 amperes. The purity of this sodium has been tested by spectral analysis of the ionized vapor in the bulb. Light from this ionization has been used to excite resonance radiation. Some unexplained phenomena have been observed in the relation between electrolysis current and filament current. A similar relation has been noted in some photo-cells between voltage and photo-current. Potassium has been electrolyzed through special potash lime glass. Photo-cells have been produced which show no change in total photo-current with change in temperature from 20° C. to -100 ° C., and then these cells have been contaminated with vapor. These contaminated surfaces show greater or less sensitivity at low temperature, depending upon the amount of contamination. The electrolysis into light bulbs has been used as a voltameter and found to agree with themselves to 1 part in 3000. The agreement between such voltameters and the silver voltameter improves with the care used in preparing the electrolyte for the silver voltameter. With most carefully prepared electrolyte the agreement is to 1 part in 2000, the silver always being heavier. The silver voltameter when compared with a standard cell seems to run consistently heavy. The introduction of 1% of potassium nitrate does not interfere with the agreement between sodium voltameters. A sodium cathode sodium voltameter has been developed which has no filament. This voltameter has a volume of about 12 c.c., a current carrying capacity of about .1 amperes, and is accurately reversible. Its resistance at various temperatures has been measured. A high vacuum pendulum has been developed which has a life to half amplitude of about ten hours. A complete Bibliography on the conductivity of glass is appended.
Gene Expression in<i>Porphyromonas gingivalis</i>after Contact with Human Epithelial Cells (2005)

Porphyromonas gingivalis, a gram-negative oral anaerobe, is strongly associated with adult periodontitis. The adherence of the organism to host epithelium signals changes in both cell types as bacteria initiate infection and colonization and epithelial cells rally their defenses. We hypothesized that the expression of a defined set of P. gingivalis genes would be consistently up-regulated during infection of HEp-2 human epithelial cells. P. gingivalis genome microarrays were used to compare the gene expression profiles of bacteria that adhered to HEp-2 cells and bacteria that were incubated alone. Genes whose expression was temporally up-regulated included those involved in the oxidative stress response and those encoding heat shock proteins that are essential to maintaining cell viability under adverse conditions. The results suggest that contact with epithelial cells induces in P. gingivalis stress-responsive pathways that promote the survival of the bacterium.
An Integrated on-Line Motor Protection System (1996)

Motor protection equipment is typically aimed at protecting the motor insulation against overheating. Additional protection can be gained by applying expensive equipment based on sensing vibration and/or the current spectra of the motor to predict incipient failures. These systems, which have only recently been introduced, have limited application because of the cost and expertise required to operate them. This article proposes a single, low-cost, microprocessor-based unit to protect the motor against-or to alert the user to-the majority of motor failure modes. The proposed system includes thermal modeling for overload protection and variable ground fault protection. Mechanical failure prediction using current spectral analysis is also provided using a frequency selective expert system and a neural network to distinguish potential fault conditions from unknown online operating conditions.
Radioimmunoscintigraphy of human met-expressing tumor xenografts using met3, a new monoclonal antibody. (2003)

We conclude that I-125-Met3 is effective for imaging human Met-expressing xenografts of different tissue origins, and we infer that I-125-Met3 distinguishes human tumor xenografts according to their levels of Met expression.
A Cytogenetically Characterized, Genome-Anchored 10-Mb BAC Set and CGH Array for the Domestic Dog (2007)

The generation of a 7.5x dog genome assembly provides exciting new opportunities to interpret tumor-associated chromosome aberrations at the biological level. We present a genomic microarray for array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis in the dog, comprising 275 bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clones spaced at intervals of approximately 10 Mb. Each clone has been positioned accurately within the genome assembly and assigned to a unique chromosome location by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis, both individually and as chromosome-specific BAC pools. The microarray also contains clones representing the dog orthologues of 31 genes implicated in human cancers. FISH analysis of the 10-Mb BAC clone set indicated excellent coverage of each dog chromosome by the genome assembly. The order of clones was consistent with the assembly, but the cytogenetic intervals between clones were variable. We demonstrate the application of the BAC array for aCGH analysis to identify both whole and partial chromosome imbalances using a canine histiocytic sarcoma case. Using BAC clones selected from the array as probes, multicolor FISH analysis was used to further characterize these imbalances, revealing numerous structural chromosome rearrangements. We outline the value of a combined aCGH/FISH approach, together with a well-annotated dog genome assembly, in canine and comparative cancer studies.
Dressed-State Polarization Transfer between Bright & Dark Spins in Diamond (2012)

Under ambient conditions, spin impurities in solid-state systems are found in thermally-mixed states and are optically "dark", i.e., the spin states cannot be optically controlled. Nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers in diamond are an exception in that the electronic spin states are "bright", i.e., they can be polarized by optical pumping, coherently manipulated with spin-resonance techniques, and read out optically, all at room temperature. Here we demonstrate a dressed-state, double-resonance scheme to transfer polarization from bright NV electronic spins to dark substitutional-Nitrogen (P1) electronic spins in diamond. This polarization-transfer mechanism could be used to cool a mesoscopic bath of dark spins to near-zero temperature, thus providing a resource for quantum information and sensing, and aiding studies of quantum effects in many-body spin systems.
Making Nanoscale Materials with Supercritical Fluids (2004)

Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Extraction-Mediated Amendment of a Manganese Oxide Surface Desired to Selectively Transform Nitrogen Oxides and/or Ammonia,
A Reflective Light Stage (2006)

We present a novel acquisition device to capture high resolution 4D reflectance fields of real scenes. The device consists of a concave hemispherical surface coated with a rough specular paint and a digital video projector with a fish-eye lens positioned near the center of the hemisphere. The scene is placed near the projector, also near the center, and photographed from a fixed vantage point. The projector projects a high-resolution image of incident illumination which is reflected by the rough hemispherical surface to become the illumination on the scene. We demonstrate the utility of this device by capturing a high resolution hemispherical reflectance field of a specular object which would be difficult to capture using previous acquisition techniques. 1 1
Surface-plasmon-like modes of graphite powder compact in microwave heating (2012)

We determine the mechanism of rapid and selective heating of nonmagnetic conductive particles by the electric and magnetic fields of microwaves. We investigated the dependencies of the heating behaviors of carbon powders on the radius and electrical conductivity for various relative densities. In these experiments, strong microwave absorption was observed in magnetic field at certain radii and ratios of the crystallite size to the radius. Mie theory for a single particle could account for the high heating rates generated by the microwave magnetic field in sintering experiments. In the dependence of the heating behavior on the relative density, that H field exhibited the maximum absorption at certain relative densities of the graphite powders. These surface plasmon-like modes were observed in graphite, but were not observed when an E field was applied. Multiparticle systems such as graphite powder were found to have significantly different heating behaviors from a single particle. Microwave heating of metal particles is expected to be affected by the structure and shape of the particles.
Dynamic Properties of Recurrent Inhibition in Primary Visual Cortex: Contrast and Orientation Dependence of Contextual Effects (2000)

A fundamental feature of neural circuitry in the primary visual cortex (V1) is the existence of recurrent excitatory connections between spiny neurons, recurrent inhibitory connections between smooth neurons, and local connections between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. We modeled the dynamic behavior of intermixed excitatory and inhibitory populations of cells in V1 that receive input from the classical receptive field (the receptive field center) through feedforward thalamocortical afferents, as well as input from outside the classical receptive field (the receptive field surround) via long-range intracortical connections. A counterintuitive result is that the response of oriented cells can be facilitated beyond optimal levels when the surround stimulus is cross-oriented with respect to the center and suppressed when the surround stimulus is iso-oriented. This effect is primarily due to changes in recurrent inhibition within a local circuit. Cross-oriented surround stimulation leads to a reduction of presynaptic inhibition and a supraoptimal response, whereas iso-oriented surround stimulation has the opposite effect. This mechanism is used to explain the orientation and contrast dependence of contextual interactions in primary visual cortex: responses to a center stimulus can be both strongly suppressed and supraoptimally facilitated as a function of surround orientation, and these effects diminish as stimulus contrast decreases.
Delayed protection by MK-801 and tetrodotoxin in a rat organotypic hippocampal culture model of ischemia. (1994)

This in vitro model reproduced elements of the time course, regional vulnerability, and pharmacologic sensitivities of in vivo ischemic hippocampal injury. Inhibition of metabolism in organotypic culture provides a rapid, easily controlled injury and reproduces the in vitro pattern of hippocampal regional vulnerability to ischemia. It is the first in vitro model of ischemia to exhibit complete protection by delayed administration of an NMDA receptor antagonist during recovery from a brief insult. The protective effects of tetrodotoxin suggest that an early period of sodium entry into cells during and after ATP depletion may be responsible for the more prolonged period of toxic NMDA receptor activation.
Microwave-Assisted Aldol Condensation of Furfural and Acetone over Mg–Al Hydrotalcite-Based Catalysts (2020)

The depletion of fossil fuel resources has prompted the scientific community to find renewable alternatives for the production of energy and chemicals. The products of the aldol condensation between bio-based furfural and acetone have been individuated as promising intermediates for the preparation of biofuels and polymeric materials. We developed a protocol for the microwave-assisted condensation of these two compounds over hydrotalcite-based materials. Mg:Al 2:1 hydrotalcite was prepared by co-precipitation; the obtained solid was calcined to afford the corresponding mixed metal oxide, which was then rehydrated to obtain a meixnerite-type material. The prepared solids were characterized by PXRD, ICP-AES, TGA-DSC and N2 physisorption, and tested as catalysts in the aldol condensation of acetone and furfural in a microwave reactor. The performance of the catalysts was assessed and compared; the meixnerite catalyst proved to be the most active, followed by the mixed metal oxide and the as-synthesized hydrotalcite, which has often been reported to be inactive. In all cases, the reaction is quite fast and selective, which makes our protocol useful for rapidly converting furfural and acetone into their condensation products.
653. The preparation and properties of some plutonium compounds. Part V. Colloidal quadrivalent plutonium (1956)

D. W. Ockenden and G. A. Welch, J. Chem. Soc., 1956, 3358 DOI: 10.1039/JR9560003358
Cloning, Genomic Organization, Alternative Transcripts and Mutational Analysis of the Gene Responsible for Autosomal Recessive Universal Congenital Alopecia (1998)

Complete or partial congenital absence of hair (congenital alopecia) may occur isolated or with associated defects. The majority of families with isolated congenital alopecia has been reported to follow an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance (MIM 203655). We have previously mapped the gene for autosomal recessive congenital alopecia in a large inbred Pakistani family in which affected persons show complete absence of hair development (universal congenital alopecia) to a 15 cM region on chromosome 8p21-22. Here we report the cloning and characterization of the human homologue of the mouse hairless gene and show that it is located in the critical region on chromosome 8p21-22. Determining the exon-intron structure allowed detailed mutational analysis of DNA samples of patients with universal congenital alopecia. We detected a homozygous missense mutation in the Pakistani family and a homozygous splice donor mutation in a family from Oman. In addition, we show that the human hairless gene undergoes alternative splicing and that at least two isoforms generated by alternative usage of exon 17 are found in human tissues. Interestingly, the isoform containing exon 17 is the predominantly expressed isoform in all tissues but skin, where exclusive expression of the shorter isoform was observed. We speculate that this tissue-specific difference in the proportion of hairless transcripts lacking exon 17 sequences could contribute to the tissue-specific disease phenotype observed in individuals with isolated congenital alopecia.
Induction, inhibition, and biological properties of aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase in a stable human B-lymphocyte cell line, RPMI-1788. (1979)

Aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase was induced in the absence of mitogens by several compounds in a stable, human B-lymphocyte cell line (RPMI-1788). Over the dose ranges tested and on molar basis the inducers, in decreasing order of potency, were 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenz(a,h)-anthracene, 3-methylcholanthrene, benzo(a)pyrene, and 1,2-benzanthracene. Potential inducers which, paradoxically, diminished basal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase, included 7,12-dimethylbenzanthracene, 2,5-diphenyloxazole, and chyrsene. Induction under optimal culture conditions ensured maximal activities 3- to 4 fold above basal aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase. The characteristics of the induced [dibenz(a,h)anthracene] and basal enzymes were found virtually identical. Both had similar pH curves (optima at 8.25) and inhibitor specificity (alpha- and beta-naphthoflavones, metyrapone, and 2-diethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate in decreasing potency). Induced and basal enzymes exhibited similar half-lives (41, 46 hr), apparent activation energies (16.7, 16.6 kcal/mol), temperature optima (37-38, 38-39 degrees), temperature-dependence of denaturation (range, 42-50 degrees), and apparent Km's with benzo(a)pyrene (1.8, 0.8 microM). The small difference in the apparent Km was related to enzyme concentration in the incubation rather than to the quality of the enzyme.
Automated Knowledge-Guided Segmentation of Colonic Walls for Computerized Detection of Polyps in CT Colonography (2002)

The technique segments practically all of the colonic walls in the region of diagnostic quality with a large reduction in the amount of extracolonic components over our previously used technique. The new segmentation improves the specificity of our computer-aided polyp detection scheme significantly without any degradation in detection sensitivity.
Rapid radioimmunoassay for corticotropin in unextracted human plasma. (1984)

This RIA for corticotropin (ACTH) involves use of a commercially available antiserum and permits measurement of immunoreactive ACTH in unextracted plasma. The assay takes 2.5 days, detects as little as 5 pg/mL of plasma, and is specific: structurally and (or) biosynthetically related peptides do not cross react. Generally, data on dilutions of almost all human plasma specimens produce curves parallel to that for the ACTH reference standard. Values correlate well with those obtained by a well-established but more laborious RIA. We measured immunoreactive ACTH in normal subjects at various times of the day and after modulation of their pituitary-adrenal axis, and in patients with hypo- and hyper-secretion of ACTH. We conclude that the full range of immunoreactive ACTH values, which accurately reflect the status of the subject's pituitary-adrenal axis, can be quickly and easily determined in samples of unextracted human plasma.
Science in a social context (1975)

The paper discusses the SISCON project for the teaching of science courses which contain a significant component dealing with the social aspects of science. A number of universities have joined in the project, and the difficulties of providing teaching-learning resources are discussed.