gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Waist Circumference and Cardiometabolic Risk (2007)

Obesity is an important risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary heart disease (CHD). Several leading national and international institutions, including the World Health Organization (WHO) and the National Institutes of Health, have provided guidelines for classifying weight status based on BMI (1,2). Data from epidemiological studies demonstrate a direct correlation between BMI and the risk of medical complications and mortality rate (e.g., 3,4). Men and women who have a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 are considered obese and are generally at higher risk for adverse health events than are those who are considered overweight (BMI between 25.0 and 29.9 kg/m2) or lean (BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 kg/m2). Therefore, BMI has become the “gold standard” for identifying patients at increased risk for adiposity-related adverse health outcomes.

Body fat distribution is also an important risk factor for obesity-related diseases. Excess abdominal fat (also known as central or upper-body fat) is associated with an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease. However, precise measurement of abdominal fat content requires the use of expensive radiological imaging techniques. Therefore, waist circumference (WC) is often used as a surrogate marker of abdominal fat mass, because WC correlates with abdominal fat mass (subcutaneous and intra-abdominal) (5) and is associated with cardiometabolic disease risk (6). Men and women who have waist circumferences greater than 40 inches (102 cm) and 35 inches (88 cm), respectively, are considered to be at increased risk for cardiometabolic disease (7). These cut points were derived from a regression curve that identified the waist circumference values associated with a BMI ≥30 kg/m2 in primarily Caucasian men and women living in north Glasgow (8).

An expert panel, organized by the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute, has recommended that WC be measured as part …
Vibrational properties of graphene and graphene layers (2009)

Abstract The phonon dispersions of graphene and graphene layers are theoretically investigated within fifth‐nearest‐neighbor force‐constant approach. Based on their symmetry groups, the number of Raman‐ and infrared‐active modes at the Γ point is given. Interatomic force constants are recalculated by fitting them to experimental phonon energy dispersion curves. Wavenumbers of optically active modes are presented as a function of number of layers ( n ). Our calculated results reproduce well the experimental data of G peak for graphene (1587 cm −1 ) and graphite (1581.6 cm −1 ) and clearly give the relation that ω G = 1581.6 + 11/(1 + n 1.6 ). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic Stability of Planing Boats (1992)

High-speed craft have been known to lose stability while underway even though they possess adequate static stability. Dynamic instabilities have been reported in roll, pitch and yaw, and include porpoising, chine walking, loss in running trim (diving), bow steering, progressive heeling to port or starboard, or a combination of motions. Instabilities can result in structural damage, loss of control, and crew injury. The problem is not well understood and accepted guidelines do not exist which will ensure adequate dynamic stability. The authors report data for boats which exhibit nonoscillatory dynamic instabilities and suggest quantitative criteria which may result in development of dynamically stable planing boats. Experimental procedures are presented to indicate the potential for nonoscillatory instabilities for expected operating conditions.
Genetic Algorithm‐Based Beam Refinement for Initial Access in Millimeter Wave Mobile Networks (2018)

Initial access (IA) is identified as a key challenge for the upcoming 5G mobile communication system operating at high carrier frequencies, and several techniques are currently being proposed. In this paper, we extend our previously proposed efficient genetic algorithm‐ (GA‐) based beam refinement scheme to include beamforming at both the transmitter and the receiver and compare the performance with alternative approaches in the millimeter wave multiuser multiple‐input‐multiple‐output (MU‐MIMO) networks. Taking the millimeter wave communications characteristics and various metrics into account, we investigate the effect of different parameters such as the number of transmit antennas/users/per‐user receive antennas, beamforming resolutions, and hardware impairments on the system performance employing different beam refinement algorithms. As shown, our proposed GA‐based approach performs well in delay‐constrained networks with multiantenna users. Compared to the considered state‐of‐the‐art schemes, our method reaches the highest service outage‐constrained end‐to‐end throughput with considerably less implementation complexity. Moreover, taking the users’ mobility into account, our GA‐based approach can remarkably reduce the beam refinement delay at low/moderate speeds when the spatial correlation is taken into account. Finally, we compare the cases of collaborative users and noncollaborative users and evaluate their difference in system performance.
The MyProxy online credential repository: Research Articles (2005)

The MyProxy online credential repository has been used by the Grid computing community for over four years for managing security credentials in the Grid public key infrastructure. MyProxy improves usability by giving users access to their credentials over the network using password authentication, allowing users to delegate their credentials via Web browser interfaces to the Grid, and supporting credential renewal for long-running jobs. MyProxy helps administrators secure users' private keys by providing an online service from which users retrieve short-lived credentials without distributing long-lived keys to potentially vulnerable end-systems. This paper describes the MyProxy system and its use. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mutation Detection Using Ligase Chain Reaction in Passivated Silicon-Glass Microchips and Microchip Capillary Electrophoresis (2004)

The ligase chain reaction (LCR) following PCR is one of the most sensitive and specific methods for detecting mutations, especially single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Performing LCR in microchips remains a challenge because of the inhibitory effect of the internal surfaces of silicon-glass microchips. We have tested a dynamic polymer-based surface passivation method for LCR conducted in oxide-coated silicon-glass microchips. The combination of polyvinylpyrrolidone 40 (PVP-40) at 0.75% (w/v) with an excess of the ligase produced successful LCR in the silicon-glass microchips, with yields of ligated primers comparable to reactions performed in conventional reaction tubes. Ligated primers were detected and quantified simply and conveniently using microchip capillary electrophoresis.
An international classification of retinopathy of prematurity. Prepared by an international committee. (1984)

As a result of advances in technology, particularly in life support systems capable of keeping tiny premature infants alive, and better observation of the premature infant fundus with improved ophthalmoscopic techniques, including the indirect ophthal- moscope, much has been learned about the early active stages of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). This term is preferred because it can be utilised to describe all phases of the retinal changes observed in premature infants. The traditional term, retrolental fibroplasia, is inappropriate in the acute phase of this disorder, for it describes solely those later cicatricial changes which involve the eyes of only the most severely affected infants. Much of what has been
Heart Disease, Clinical Proteomics and Mass Spectrometry (2004)

Heart disease is the leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. As such, biomarkers are needed for the diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic monitoring and risk stratification of acute injury (acute myocardial infarction (AMI)) and chronic disease (heart failure). The procedure for biomarker development involves the discovery, validation, and translation into clinical practice of a panel of candidate proteins to monitor risk of heart disease. Two types of biomarkers are possible; heart-specific and cardiovascular pulmonary system monitoring markers. Here we review the use of MS in the process of cardiac biomarker discovery and validation by proteomic analysis of cardiac myocytes/tissue or serum/plasma. An example of the use of MS in biomarker discovery is given in which the albumin binding protein sub-proteome was examined using MALDI-TOF MS/MS. Additionally, an example of MS in protein validation is given using affinity surface enhanced laser desorption ionization (SELDI) to monitor the disease-induced post-translational modification and the ternary status of myocyte-originating protein, cardiac troponin I in serum.
Mobile device integration in the cockpit: Benefits, challenges, recommendations (2015)

This article consists of a collection of slides from the author's conference presentation.
Who links to whom: mining linkage between Web sites (2002)

Previous studies of the Web graph structure have focused on the graph structure at the level of individual pages. In actuality the Web is a hierarchically nested graph, with domains, hosts and Web sites introducing intermediate levels of affiliation and administrative control. To better understand the growth of the Web we need to understand its macro-structure, in terms of the linkage between Web sites. We approximate this by studying the graph of the linkage between hosts on the Web. This was done based on snapshots of the Web taken by Google in Oct 1999, Aug 2000 and Jun 2001. The connectivity between hosts is represented by a directed graph, with hosts as nodes and weighted edges representing the count of hyperlinks between pages on the corresponding hosts. We demonstrate how such a "hostgraph" can be used to study connectivity properties of hosts and domains over time, and discuss a modified "copy model" to explain observed link weight distributions as a function of subgraph size. We discuss changes in the Web over time in the size and connectivity of Web sites and country domains. We also describe a data mining application of the hostgraph: a related host finding algorithm which achieves a precision of 0.65 at rank 3.
The Cement-to-Formation Interface in Zonal Isolation (2004)

Abstract Maintaining zonal isolation for the lifetime of oil and gas wells is critical. Leakage behind casing can reduce the cost-effectiveness of the well and cause health and safety risks from pressure build-up and contaminated aquifers. During the completion and production phases of the well, temperature and pressure variations can cause stresses at the cement-to-formation interface. The ability of the casing-cement system to maintain a seal at the cement-to-formation interface depends on the condition of the formation surface prior to slurry placement. The condition of a shale will depend upon the nature of the drilling fluid used, whereas the condition of a permeable rock will depend upon the presence and nature of the filtercake deposited during drilling and circulation. In this paper we present an improved understanding of chemical interactions at the cement-to-formation interface and the factors that determine bond strength and the position of the plane of failure. For permeable formations, the role of the mud filtercake for different mud types is explored. For nonpermeable formations, the presence and effect of a residual mud film are also examined. The extent and depth to which chemical alteration of the mudcake occurs when in contact with cement are determined, together with measurements of the yield stress and water content profile of the altered mudcake. The effect of exposing swelling and nonswelling shales to inhibitive drilling fluids on bond strength is presented. Laboratory-scale test equipment and a small-scale wellbore simulator, developed for tests under realistic field conditions, are described. The flexibility of cement plays a role in bonding and is demonstrated by the simulator tests. This improved understanding allows us to confirm the key issues at the cement-to-formation interface and propose some solutions for effective zonal isolation.
Transformation of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection of in vitro cultured ovules (2006)

We report on a novel transformation procedure for barley by Agrobacterium infection of in vitro cultured ovules. Ovules of the cultivar Golden Promise were isolated a few hours after pollination and infected with the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL0 carrying the binary vector pVec8-GFP. The vector harboured a hygromycin resistance gene and the green fluorescence protein (GFP) gene. GFP-expressing embryos were isolated from the ovules, regenerated to plants and investigated by Southern blot analysis. Transformation frequencies amounted to 3.1% with hygromycin selection and 0.8% without selection. Mendelian inheritance and stable expression of the GFP gene was confirmed in 18 independent lines over two generations. We conclude that the described technique allows for the rapid and direct generation of high quality transgenic plants.
In vivo far-red luminescence imaging of a biomarker based on BRET from <i>Cypridina</i> bioluminescence to an organic dye (2009)

We aimed to develop a far-red luminescence imaging technology for visualization of disease specific antigens on cell surfaces in a living body. First, we conjugated a far-red fluorescent indocyanine derivative to biotinylated Cypridina luciferase. This conjugate produced a bimodal spectrum that has long-wavelength bioluminescence emission in the far-red region as a result of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer. To generate a far-red luminescent probe with targeting and imaging capabilities of tumors, we then linked this conjugate to an anti-human Dlk-1 monoclonal antibody via the biotin-avidin interaction. This far-red luminescent probe enabled us to obtain high-resolution microscopic images of live, Dlk-1-expressing Huh-7 cells without an external light source, and to monitor the accumulation of this probe in tumor-bearing mice. Thus this far-red luminescent probe is a convenient analytical tool for the evaluations of monoclonal antibody localization in a living body.
Battery-aware static scheduling for distributed real-time embedded systems (2001)

This paper addresses battery-aware static scheduling in battery-powered distributed real-time embedded systems. As suggested by previous work, reducing the discharge current level and shaping its distribution are essential for extending the battery lifespan. We propose two battery-aware static scheduling schemes. The first one optimizes the discharge power profile in order to maximize the utilization of the battery capacity. The second one targets distributed systems composed of voltage-scalable processing elements (PEs). It performs variable-voltage scheduling via efficient slack time re-allocation, which helps reduce the average discharge power consumption as well as flatten the discharge power profile. Both schemes guarantee the hard real-time constraints and precedence relationships in the real-time distributed embedded system specification. Based on previous work, we develop a battery lifespan evaluation metric which is aware of the shape of the discharge power profile. Our experimental results show that the battery lifespan can be increased by up to 29% by optimizing the discharge power file alone. Our variable-voltage scheme increases the battery lifespan by up to 76% over the non-voltage-scalable scheme and by up to 56% over the variable-voltage scheme without slack-time re-allocation.
Widespread sulfenic acid formation in tissues in response to hydrogen peroxide (2004)

A principal product of the reaction between a protein cysteinyl thiol and hydrogen peroxide is a protein sulfenic acid. Because protein sulfenic acid formation is reversible, it provides a mechanism whereby changes in cellular hydrogen peroxide concentration may directly control protein function. We have developed methods for the detection and purification of proteins oxidized in this way. The methodology is based on the arsenite-specific reduction of protein sulfenic acid under denaturing conditions and their subsequent labeling with biotin-maleimide. Arsenite-dependent signal generation was fully blocked by pretreatment with dimedone, consistent with its reactivity with sulfenic acids to form a covalent adduct that is nonreducible by thiols. The biotin tag facilitates the detection of protein sulfenic acids on Western blots probed with streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase and also their purification by streptavidin-agarose. We have characterized protein sulfenic acid formation in isolated hearts subjected to hydrogen peroxide treatment. We have also purified and identified a number of the proteins that are oxidized in this way by using a proteomic approach. Using Western immunoblotting we demonstrated that a highly significant proportion of some individual proteins (68% of total in one case) form the sulfenic derivative. We conclude that protein sulfenic acids are widespread physiologically relevant posttranslational oxidative modifications that can be detected at basal levels in healthy tissue, and are elevated in response to hydrogen peroxide. These approaches may find widespread utility in the study of oxidative stress, particularly because hydrogen peroxide is used extensively in models of disease or redox signaling.
Classifier design for verification of multi-class recognition decision (2002)

This paper investigates a 2-class classifier approach with the aim of improving the word verification performance. The classifier operates on a discriminant function which is a linear combination of the smoothed likelihood ratios for the N-best candidates and the background (BG) and out-of-vocabulary (OOV) filler models, and is optimized using discriminative training to minimize the classification error. This paper discusses several strategies involving the likelihood ratio based formulation and the use of N-best candidates and the BG and OOV models in the classifier. In word verification experiments using a connected-digit database containing utterances recorded in a moving car with a hands-free microphone, the likelihood ratio based formulation achieved a relative error reduction of 35% in comparison with a likelihood based formulation. In addition, we observed that the use of N-best candidates and the BG and OOV models improved the performance with a relative error reduction of roughly 10%.
Potential of liquid extracts of Sargassum wightii on growth, biochemical and yield parameters of cluster bean plant (2014)

To explore biofertilizing efficiency of seaweed liquid extracts of brown alga Sargassum wightii (S. wightii) on growth, biochemical and yield parameters of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba (C. tetragonoloba). Seaweeds were made to coarse powder and stock solution was prepared. Different concentrations such as 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, 2.5% and 5.0% were prepared and given as foliar spray. Seaweed Liquid Extract (SLE) at low concentration (1.5%) exhibited promoting effect on growth and yield parameters. Differential responses in the content of photosynthetic pigments, protein, reducing sugar, ascorbic acid and in the activity of nitrate reductase were also observed in the leaves of SLE treated seedlings when compared to untreated seedlings. Higher concentrations (above 1.5%) of SLE were found to show inhibitory effect. The presence of micro and macro nutrients, vitamins, growth hormones and other constituents in the seaweed extract might be very much useful to the crops but their level should be appropriate to enhance growth and productivity. It may be concluded that liquid seaweed extracts could serve as cost effective eco-friendly product for sustainable agriculture.
A versatile dataset for text entry evaluations based on genuine mobile emails (2011)

Mobile text entry methods are typically evaluated by having study participants copy phrases. However, currently there is no available phrase set that has been composed by mobile users. Instead researchers have resorted to using invented phrases that probably suffer from low external validity. Further, there is no available phrase set whose phrases have been verified to be memorable. In this paper we present a collection of mobile email sentences written by actual users on actual mobile devices. We obtained our sentences from emails written by Enron employees on their BlackBerry mobile devices. We provide empirical data on how easy the sentences were to remember and how quickly and accurately users could type these sentences on a full-sized keyboard. Using this empirical data, we construct a series of phrase sets we suggest for use in text entry evaluations.
Lateral (xy) direction balanced flying focal spot helical cone-beam CT algorithm (2007)

The resolution of an X-ray CT system can be increased by employing a flying focal spot (FFS) X-ray tube. It can be increased in both the axial (z) direction and the lateral (xy) direction by deflecting the focal spot appropriately in the given directions. The goal of this work is to develop a lateral flying focal spot algorithm which can be implemented in native cone-beam geometry, without the need for rebinning, resorting, or resampling. The result is a new algorithm using a "balanced" flying focal spot configuration. The balanced xy FFS algorithm achieves uniform xy resolution across the field of view by deflecting the focal spot so the source stays in the same position for both views. Since the source is in the same position for both views, channel data will interlace perfectly without the need for resorting, rebinning, or resampling.
Parametric studies on self-repairing approaches for resin infused composites subjected to low velocity impact (1999)

Low velocity impact response of glass reinforced polymer composites, which have the potential to self-repair both micro- and macro-damage, has been investigated. This class of material falls under the category of passive smart polymer composites. The self-repairing mechanism is achieved through the incorporation of hollow fibers in addition to the normal solid reinforcing fibers. The hollow fibers store the damage-repairing solution or chemicals that are released into the matrix or damaged zone upon fiber failure. Plain-weave S-2 glass fabric reinforcement, vinyl ester 411-C50 and EPON-862 epoxy resin systems were considered for this study. Different tubing materials were investigated for potential use as storage materials for the repairing chemicals instead of the actual hollow repair fibers and included borosilicate glass micro-capillary pipets, flint glass pasteur pipets, copper tubing and aluminum tubing. composite panels were fabricated by using a vacuum assisted resin transfer molding process. The present investigation addressed fabrication of self-repairing composite panels and some of the parameters that influence the response of self-repairing composites to impact loading. Specific issues addressed by this study include: the processing quality; the selection of storage material for the repairing solution; release and transportation of the repairing solution; the effect of the number, type and spatial distribution of the repairing tubes, specimen thickness, matrix material and impact energy level.