gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Interfacial Stress Decoupling Method for Rehabilitation Therapy Robot (2017)

Robot-assisted therapy can provide effective rehabilitation training for stroke patients. The interfacial stress between the manipulator and the grasped patient's body is very important for a rehabilitation therapy robot. This paper presents a measurement method, which is able to decouple the measurement of the three-dimensional (3-D) interfacial stress components. To implement the method, interfacial stress sensors were fabricated based on plate capacitance and a superelastic material, while a high-resolution microcapacitance measurement circuit was developed based on a minimal system microprocessor and a programmable controller, and experiments are carried out by using a 3-D stress simulation equipment. The results show that the measurement circuit is capable of measuring a range of 1 fF-30 pF capacitance with a resolution better than 1 fF, and the sensor is capable of measuring Z-direction normal compressive stress at a range of 0-3.0 kgf/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a sensitivity of 101 fF/kgf/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> and Xand V-direction shear stress at a range of 0 - 1.0 kgf/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a sensitivity of 118fF/kgf/cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . This method can be applied to rehabilitation therapy robots to decouple the measurement of the 3-D interfacial stress components.
Diode Phase Shifters for Array Antennas (1974)

This paper contains considerations for diode phase shifters used for phased array antenna control. The categories are: 1) areas in which ferrite and diode phase shifters differ, 2) diode phase-shifter circuits, 3) the nature and typical performance of p-i-n diodes, 4) the requirements of a driver and a typical circuit, and 5) measured performance of phase shifters in L, S, C, and X bands.
Adhesion of fibronectin, vitronectin, laminin, and collagen type IV to intraocular lens materials in pseudophakic human autopsy eyes (2000)

This study seems to confirm the sandwich theory of posterior capsule opacification in eyes with an IOL and suggests that fibronectin may be the major extracellular protein responsible for the attachment of hydrophobic soft acrylate (AcrySof(R)) IOLs to the capsular bag. This may represent a true bioactive bond between the IOL and lens epithelial cells or between the IOL and the capsular bag and may be one reason the PCO and neodymium:YAG capsulotomy rates are lower in eyes with a soft acrylate IOL.
Graceful Space Degradation: An Uneven Space Management for Flash Storage Devices (2015)

The high cell density, multilevel-cell programming, and manufacturing process variance force the new coming flash memory to have large bit-error-rate variance among blocks and pages, where a flash chip consists of multiple blocks and each block consists of a fixed number of pages. In order to avoid storing the crucial user data in more fragile pages, conventional flash management software tends to aggressively discard the high bit-error-rate area in the unit of a block. However, together with the aggressive discarding strategies and the enlarging sizes of pages/blocks of next generation flash memory, the available space of flash devices might encounter a very sharp degradation and therefore result in rapidly-shortened device lifespan. Thus, we advocate the concept of “graceful space degradation” to mitigate this problem by discarding the high bit-error-rate (or worn-out) area in the unit of pages (instead of blocks). To furthermore realize this concept, we are the pioneer to put forward an “uneven space management” to manage flash blocks containing different number of bad pages. Our design especially focuses on placing data with different access behaviors to make the best uses of blocks with different available space so as to ultimately prolong the device lifespan with good access performance. The experiments were conducted based on representative realistic workloads, and the results reveal that the proposed design can extend the device lifetime by at least 2.38 times of that of existent approaches, with very limited performance overheads.
Expression of Alkane Hydroxylase from <i>Acinetobacter</i> sp. Strain ADP1 Is Induced by a Broad Range of n- Alkanes and Requires the Transcriptional Activator AlkR (1998)

In Acinetobacter sp. strain ADP1, alkane degradation depends on at least five essential genes. rubAB and xcpR are constitutively transcribed. Here we describe inducible transcription of alkM, which strictly depends on the presence of the transcriptional activator AlkR. alkR itself is expressed at a low level, while a chromosomally located alkM::lacZ fusion is inducible by middle-chain-length alkanes from heptane to undecane, which do not support growth of ADP1, and by long-chain-length alkanes from dodecane to octadecane, which are used as sources of carbon and energy. The putative AlkM substrate 1-dodecene is also an effective inducer. Products of alkane hydroxylase activity like 1-dodecanol prevent induction of alkM expression. alkM is expressed only in stationary phase, suggesting its dependence on at least one other regulatory mechanism.
Photochemistry and Photophysics of Polymer Materials (2010)

Preface. Contributors. 1 Energy Transfer and Electronic Energy Migration Processes (Li-Juan Fan and Wayne E. Jones Jr.). 2 Optical Properties of Polyelectrolytes (Linda Swanson). 3 Chemiluminescence Processes in Polymeric Materials (Teresa Corrales, Carmen Peinado, Concha Abrusci, Norman S. Allen, and Fernando Catalina). 4 Nonlinear Optical Polymeric Materials (Mirko Faccini, David N. Reinhoudt, and Willem Verboom). 5 Metallodendrimers: Photophysical Properties and Related Applications (Gregory Franc and Ashok K. Kakkar). 6 Photochromic Polymers for Optical Data Storage: Azobenzenes and Photodimers (Avtar S. Matharu and P.S. Ramanujam). 7 Optical and Luminescence Properties and Applications of Metal Complex-Based Polymers (Joe A. Crayston and Joanne R. Ritchie). 8 Photovoltaic Polymer Materials (Hazel Assender and Aaron Barkhouse). 9 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (Sebastien Forget, Sebastien Chenais, and Alain Siove). 10 Photoinitiators for Free Radical Polymerization Reactions (Jean Pierre Fouassier, Xavier Allonas, Jacques Lalevee, and Celine Dietlin) 11 Photoinitiated Cationic Polymerization: Reactivity and Mechanistic Aspects (Muhammet U. Kahveci, Ali Gorkem Yilmaz, and Yusuf Yagci). 12 Photoimaging and Lithographic Processes in Polymers (Marius Gabriel Ivan and Juan Cesar (Tito) Scaiano). 13 Photografting of Polymeric Materials (Ali Ekrem Muftuoglu, Mehmet Atilla Tasdelen, and Yusuf Yagci). 14 Photoablation of Polymer Materials (Lukas Urech and Thomas Lippert). 15 Photodegradation Processes In Polymeric Materials (Jean-Luc Gardette, Agnes Rivaton, and Sandrine Therias). 16 Photodegradable Polymers (Sahar Al-Malaika, C. Hewitt, and H.H. Sheena). 17 Photostabilisation of Polymer Materials (Pieter Gijsman). Index.
Comparative effects of vetiver oil, nootkatone and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate on <i>Coptotermes formosanus</i> and its symbiotic fauna (2002)

The potential of vetiver oil and nootkatone as wood treatments against Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki was examined by assessing the effects on termite tunneling, feeding activity and survival, and the consequences on the symbiont protozoa responsible for wood digestion. Comparisons were made with non-treated wood (control), wood treated with the borate compound Tim-Bor (a commonly used lumber preservative) and absence of a food source (starved termites), using choice and no-choice tests. All wood slices were prepared at the same time using a 10 g liter(-1) solution of each substance and were tested in four different sessions over one year to investigate longevity of the effects. Termites had to tunnel through sand to exploit the food sources, consisting of two wood slices, placed on opposite sides of the experimental enclosure. No-choice tests showed that in the presence of vetiver oil or nootkatone, tunneling activity was always the lowest; wood consumption, termite survival and flagellate numbers and species distribution were significantly different from the control and similar to the results obtained for starved termites and with Tim-Bor-treated wood. Nootkatone negatively affected termites for 12 months and was longer lasting than vetiver oil. In choice tests, when vetiver oil or nootkatone were present, termites exhibited a significant preference for non-treated wood. Our results confirmed both the toxicity and absence of repellency of Tim-Bor. Vetiver oil and especially nootkatone affected Formosan subterranean termites and their protozoa, acting as arrestants, repellents and feeding deterrents, and represent a promising natural alternative for the control of this invasive pest.
A Homologue of the <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> PapA5 Protein, Rif‐Orf20, Is an Acetyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Antitubercular Drug Rifamycin B by <i>Amycolatopsis mediterranei</i> S699 (2005)

Toward antitubercular drugs. Rif-Orf20, a homologue of M. tuberculosis PapA5 protein, is an acetyltransferase that is responsible for the conversion of DMDARSV to DMRSV in rifamycin B biosynthesis. This enzyme, together with PapA5, represents a new class of acyltransferases. The enzyme also utilizes propionyl-CoA as substrate to give rise to a new analogue of rifamycin that appears, from spectroscopic results, to have the structure 1.
Detection of endogenous digitalis-like immunoreactive factors in human blood. (1998)

Digitalis-like immunoreactive factors (DLIF) are special types of steroids with lactone rings in their structures. Clinically, this type of compound can be used as medicine for heart failure; thus, the elevated endogenous DLIF found under certain pathological conditions are interferent substances in digoxin immunoassay. Endogenous DLIF with biological and immunological properties similar to cardiotonic drugs, such as digoxin, have been found in several tissues and body fluids of animals and humans. Since these endogenous Na+, K(+)-ATPase inhibitors can be considered hormones in nature, immunoassays must be selected detection of them to achieve the required sensitivity and specificity. In this study, we used three sets of in-house formulated immunoassays for DLIF and ouabain-like factors (OLF) detection. Using a polyclonal antibody-based ouabain enzyme immunoassay, the mean +/- S.E.M. of OLF in the sera of 10 healthy individuals were determined to be (9.1 +/- 0.9) x 10(-11) M. Using a monoclonal antibody-based ouabain enzyme immunoassay, the mean +/- S.E.M of OLF in the sera of 10 healthy individuals was (8.2 +/- 1.2) x 10(-11) M while using a antibody fragment Fab-based enzyme immunoassay for digoxin, the mean +/- S.E.M of DLIF in 11 healthy individuals was (4.0 +/- 1.2) x 10(-10) M. In conclusion, our immunological data indicate that DLIFs are normal constituents of human blood. Although DLIF is the major component, coexistence of OLF with DLIF in healthy individuals can not be excluded.
Video see-through in the clinical practice (2011)

In this paper, we discuss potentialities and technological limits to overcome for the introduction in the clinical practice of useful functionalities, using video see-through visualizations, created mixing virtual preoperative information, obtained by means of radiological images, with real patient live images, for procedures where the physician have to interact with the patient (palpation, percutaneous biopsy, catheterism, intervention, etc…). physician have to interact with the patient (palpation, introduction of biopsy needle, catheterization, intervention, etc.) [9; 10; 25] The next figure shows a binocular see-through mixed reality system at work implemented using a HMD (Head Mounted Display) and external cameras [8].
A fluid handling system for a chemical microanalyzer (1996)

In this paper we present the design and fabrication of the two fundamental components of a fluid handling system intended to be the core of a chemical microanalyzer for measuring heavy metals in ground water. The first fluidic component is a micropump with built-in passive valves. The pump body is fabricated by thermoplastic moulding, whereas the passive valves are obtained by reaction injection moulding. The second fluidic component is an active valve, also fabricated by thermoplastic moulding. Both devices are driven by miniaturized electromagnetic actuators. Experiments demonstrate that the head pressure produced by the pump is 5.5 × 103 Pa and the maximum flow rate is 13 ml s-1. The active valve is designed to be normally closed till an external pressure of 5.5 × 103 Pa.
SIDIM: an information system to increase the efficiency and quality of care (2003)

SIDIM is a departmental information system addressed by the medical and nursing staff, used at the IV Surgical Clinic of the University of Rome 'La Sapienza'. The clinical applications pursue the clinical problem oriented methodological tendency. The list of the problems is the reasoned synthesis of the patient clinical status. Any diagnostic or therapeutical action in such way is justified by one or more recorded clinical problems. Logical links may join separate clinical problems between themselves, in order to trace the guiding thread of the decisional process, indispensable to verify and to revise the quality of care. An important module of the information system allow one to return data in an aggregated way. The health care manager has at his disposal a great quantity of information regarding ordinary admissions, urgent admissions, surgical operations, complications, length of stay, activity and efficiency indexes that allow the best use of the resources. Finally SIDIM includes some decision support modules that automate clinical protocols.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Computer simulation of fiber-optic cable failures due to dry-band arcing (2003)

Utilities frequently use ADSS (all dielectric self-supporting) fiber-optic cables installed on transmission lines 10-20 feet below the high voltage conductors. A grounded armor rod assembly supports the cable at each tower. Dry-band arcing occurs on the fiber-optic cables when the cables are polluted and wet. This has been assumed to cause cable failures. The objective of this paper is to present a computer model and simulation results for the investigation of dry-band arcing. An equivalent circuit has been developed to represent the polluted fiber-optic cable in the high voltage environment. The circuit has been simulated using a commercial circuit simulator. The voltage and current distribution along the fiber-optic cable is presented. The effect of pollution levels on voltage and current is analyzed. It is also shown that the span length has an effect on the voltage and current and consequently dry-band arcing. These results could be used to determine whether dry-band arcing is a problem for a given span length. The tower has a significant effect on the capacitance to ground of the fiber-optic cable. However, it is shown that this does not affect the voltage and current distribution for pollution levels heavier than 10/sup 8/ n/m. This model can be used by utilities to predict dry-band arcing in fiber-optic cables.
Cleaning and querying noisy sensors (2003)

Sensor networks have become an important source of data with numerous applications in monitoring various real-life phenomena as well as industrial applications and traffic control. Unfortunately, sensor data is subject to several sources of errors such as noise from external sources, hardware noise, inaccuracies and imprecision, and various environmental effects. Such errors may seriously impact the answer to any query posed to the sensors. In particular, they may yield imprecise or even incorrect and misleading answers which can be very significant if they result in immediate critical decisions or activation of actuators. In this paper, we present a framework for cleaning and querying noisy sensors. Specifically, we present a Bayesian approach for reducing the uncertainty associated with the data, that arise due to random noise, in an online fashion. Our approach combines prior knowledge of the true sensor reading, the noise characteristics of this sensor, and the observed noisy reading in order to obtain a more accurate estimate of the reading. This cleaning step can be performed either at the sensor level or at the base-station. Based on our proposed uncertainty models and using a statistical approach, we introduce several algorithms for answering traditional database queries over uncertain sensor readings. Finally, we present a preliminary evaluation of our proposed approach using synthetic data and highlight some exciting research directions in this area.
<i>FRU</i> (<i>BHLH029</i>) is required for induction of iron mobilization genes in <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2004)

Iron mobilization responses are induced by low iron supply at transcriptional level. In tomato, the basic helix-loop-helix gene FER is required for induction of iron mobilization. Using molecular-genetic techniques, we analyzed the function of BHLH029, named FRU (FER-like regulator of iron uptake), the Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of the tomato FER gene. The FRU gene was mainly expressed in roots in a cell-specific pattern and induced by iron deficiency. FRU mutant plants were chlorotic, and the FRU gene was found necessary for induction of the essential iron mobilization genes FRO2 (ferric chelate reductase gene) and IRT1 (iron-regulated transporter gene). Overexpression of FRU resulted in an increase of iron mobilization responses at low iron supply. Thus, the FRU gene is a mediator in induction of iron mobilization responses in Arabidopsis, indicating that regulation of iron uptake is conserved in dicot species.
On the Reactivity and Ionization of the Active Site Cysteine Residues of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Thioredoxin (1996)

Within various proteins of the thioredoxin family, the stability of the disulfide bond formed reversibly between the two active site cysteine residues, one accessible and one buried, varies widely and is directly correlated with the pKa value of the accessible cysteine thiol group. If applicable to thioredoxin, its stable disulfide bond would imply that its accessible thiol group should have a high pKa value, whereas it has long been considered to be about 6.7, largely on the basis of the pH dependence of its reactivity. Such kinetic data are shown to be inconsistent with known pKa values in this case; the rate constants may reflect effects in the transition state for the reaction, which is catalyzed by thioredoxin, rather than the protein itself. Ionization of the thioredoxin thiol groups was measured indirectly by the pH dependence of the equilibrium constant for their reaction with glutathione and directly by detection of the thiolate anion by its UV absorbance. Both observations indicated that both cysteine thiol groups of thioredoxin ionize with apparent pKa values in the region of 9-10 and that their ionization is not linked strongly to that of any other groups. This conclusion is not incompatible with the other data available and would make thioredoxin consistent with the relationship between thiol group ionization and disulfide stability observed in other members of the thioredoxin family.
Bile Tolerance, Taurocholate Deconjugation, and Binding of Cholesterol by Lactobacillus gasseri Strains (1999)

Bile tolerance, deconjugation of sodium taurocholate, and the cholesterol-binding ability of 28 strains of Lactobacillus gasseri were examined. There was significant variation among strains in growth in media containing bile and also variation in the ability to bind cholesterol. Cultures grown for 12 h at 37 degrees C bound significantly more cholesterol than did cells from a 48-h incubation. Variation among strains in the ability to deconjugate sodium taurocholate was not significantly different. Maximal deconjugation of sodium taurocholate was achieved with the cells during the stationary phase of growth (12 h). Statistical analysis showed no significant correlation between bile tolerance and sodium taurocholate deconjugation, bile tolerance and cholesterol-binding ability, or sodium taurocholate deconjugation and cholesterol-binding ability.
Preliminary Design of Ceramic Components for the ST5+ Advanced Microturbine Engine (2002)

Progress in the preliminary design of an axial vane ring and axial turbine rotor composed of silicon nitride structural ceramics is presented. The silicon nitride components allow for significantly increased turbine inlet temperature in the ST5+, an advanced version of the Pratt & Whitney Canada’s ST5, which powers the DTE Technologies ENT400 Distributed Energy Generator. Preliminary aerodynamic and mechanical design, steady state thermal and stress analysis, and life prediction results will be reviewed. Foreign object damage resistance will be compared between ceramic versions of the baseline rotor blade geometry and that developed for the ST5+ engine.
Autoimmunity in syphilis. (1990)

The autoimmune response in natural and experimental syphilis, apparently triggered as a secondary reaction to T. pallidum infection, is represented by the production of various antibodies to self-antigens. In addition to the classic Wassermann (cardiolipin) antibodies, the following autoantibodies are associated with the disease: (1) biphasic hemolysin (known also as Donath-Landsteiner antibody), (2) antilymphocytic antibodies, (3) rheumatoid factor, (4) cryoglobulins, (5) antifibronectin, (6) anticollagen, (7) antilaminin, and (8) anticreatine kinase. Although less explored, the autoimmune reaction seems also to involve the cellular arm of the immune response. Transient sensitization of lymphocytes to homologous organ antigens have been reported in T. pallidum-infected rabbits. Questions of whether the humoral and cellular autoimmune responses--which are apparently harmless and of transient nature--play a role in immunoregulation and consequently affect the course of infection remain to be answered.
A Scintillator-Based Hard X-Ray Imaging Telescope -- CASTER (2005)

The primary scientific goal of the Black Hole Finder Probe (BHFP) mission, a component of the NASA Beyond Einstein program, is to survey the local Universe for black holes over a wide range of mass and accretion rate. One approach to such a survey is a hard X-ray coded aperture imaging telescope operating in the 10 - 600 keV energy band, a spectral range especially useful for detecting black hole sources and studying their spectra. The development of new inorganic scintillator materials (e.g., LaBr3 and LaCl3) provides improved energy resolution and timing performance that is well suited to the BHFP science requirements. Detection planes formed with such materials coupled with a new generation of readout devices represent a significant advance in the performance capabilities of scintillator-based gamma cameras. We discuss the Coded Aperture Survey Telescope for Energetic Radiation (CASTER), a mission concept for a BHFP based on the use of the latest scintillator technology, and present laboratory test results demonstrating the expected scintillator performance.