gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Optical antenna design for indoor optical wireless communication systems (2005)

Abstract In the present paper, the design of the non‐imaging totally internally reflecting concentrator family denominated optical antennas (OAs) is discussed, and its use for indoor optical wireless communication systems is explained. The lenses presented here can be designed to provide a prescribed angular response in order to limit the central wavelength shift in thin‐film optical filters. They can also be designed for any specific field‐of‐view (FOV), which allows greater rejection of unwanted background radiation and higher gains. The use of a variety of optical filters to achieve a high signal‐to‐noise ratio at the receiver is described. Design methods and properties of different Optical Antennas are explained. Comparisons of size and performance of total internal reflection based concentrators with those based on dielectric hemispheres and compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs) are carried out. Finally different experimental results are presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Neutralized Lidocaine with Epinephrine for Local Anesthesia (1989)

The pain of infiltrating lidocaine with epinephrine into skin is reduced by the addition of sodium bicarbonate. The effect of varied concentrations of sodium bicarbonate on pain of infiltration of 1% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000 was measured. Sodium bicarbonate at 40 and 100 meq/L of anesthetic solution caused significantly less pain than did 0 or 10 meq/L. The stability of epinephrine in a solution at pH 7.3 was also determined. Epinephrine concentration declined approximately 25% per week in anesthetic solution containing 100 meq/L sodium bicarbonate.
Emerging roles of endothelial cells in multiple sclerosis pathophysiology and therapy (2012)

Although multiple sclerosis (MS) has traditionally been viewed and researched as an immune-mediated demyelinating and neurodegenerative disease of the human central nervous system (CNS), its highly complex pathogenesis clearly includes a significant vascular inflammatory component and many therapeutic approaches achieve benefit by direct or indirect effects on cerebrovascular endothelial cells. Cerebral endothelial cells create and separate the compartments of the peripheral circulation and CNS creating the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a selectively permeable boundary layer between these spaces. Interactions between activated leukocytes and cerebral endothelium play essential roles in mediating their trans-BBB diapedesis during normal immune surveillance and during pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory diseases like MS. Extravasation of activated and committed leukocytes from the peripheral circulation through the endothelial layer of the BBB into the CNS milieu is the most fundamental step in formation of MS lesions. During MS pathogenesis, once the activated leukocytes enter the CNS environment, they propagate a massive wave of destruction which culminates in the loss of both myelin/oligodendrocyte complex and neurodegeneration. Multiple clinical and basic scientific observations support endothelial cell 'stress' and apoptosis as a hallmark characteristic of MS. The manipulation of the endothelial biology aiming to block trans-endothelial migration of activated immune cells into the CNS is a potent form of treatment for MS achieving significant reductions in disease activity and new lesion formation. In particular, endothelial microparticles are now well-recognized as important biomarkers and mediators of this type of stress. In this review, we discuss recent findings and new advances in our knowledge regarding leukocyte migration through the endothelial frontier of the BBB and how this can be exploited toward treating MS patients.
Small Molecules in the Treatment of Psoriasis (2015)

Preclinical Research Psoriasis is an inflammatory systemic skin disease that affects various parts of the body requiring long-term management due to its chronic nature. Available treatment options include topical, systemic or biological therapies, which have long-term limitations associated to toxicity, tolerability and risk for adverse effects requiring its intermittent use and close monitoring. Small molecules modulate proinflammatory cytokines, selectively inhibit signaling pathways and showing potential to treat inflammatory diseases in patients not responding to conventional treatments. Presently, small molecules available are phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitors or Janus kinase inhibitors. Other small molecules under development for psoriasis include fumaric acid esters, amygdalin analogs, protein kinase C inhibitors, mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitors, spleen protein kinase inhibitors, other tyrosine kinase inhibitors, sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor agonists, and A3 adenosine receptor agonists. These new treatment options represent important advances in the development of specific drugs to respond to the goals of treatment and improve patient quality of life.
PD-1/PD-L1 Monoclonal Antibody Development for Canine Cancer Therapy (2018)

Abstract PD-1 is an inhibitory receptor that binds to PD-L1 on the surface of tumor and antigen presenting cells in the tumor microenvironment, causing suppression of T-cell activity and tumor progression. Human clinical trials with anti PD-1 monoclonal antibodies, nivolumab and pembrolizumab, showed an objective response rate (ORR) of 30% to 40% with melanoma and 87% with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Here, we have explored the development of canine PD-1/PD-L1 reagents for potential veterinary applications. An S2 insect cell expression system was utilized to produce recombinant canine PD-1Ig and PD-L1Ig and antigen-specific B cells were enriched using PD-1 and PD-L1 tetramers. Enriched B cells were fused and resulting hybridomas were screened for specific reactivity to PD-1 and PD-L1. Then, antibodies capable of blocking PD-1Ig and PD-L1Ig were selected. A total of 5 monoclonal antibodies were generated from the two rounds of immunizations and are being studied for in vitro activity in T cell assays. These canine reagents have multiple diagnostic and therapeutic applications in the context of canine oncology.
Survey of Academic Field Experiences (SAFE): Trainees Report Harassment and Assault (2014)

Little is known about the climate of the scientific fieldwork setting as it relates to gendered experiences, sexual harassment, and sexual assault. We conducted an internet-based survey of field scientists (N = 666) to characterize these experiences. Codes of conduct and sexual harassment policies were not regularly encountered by respondents, while harassment and assault were commonly experienced by respondents during trainee career stages. Women trainees were the primary targets; their perpetrators were predominantly senior to them professionally within the research team. Male trainees were more often targeted by their peers at the research site. Few respondents were aware of mechanisms to report incidents; most who did report were unsatisfied with the outcome. These findings suggest that policies emphasizing safety, inclusivity, and collegiality have the potential to improve field experiences of a diversity of researchers, especially during early career stages. These include better awareness of mechanisms for direct and oblique reporting of harassment and assault and, the implementation of productive response mechanisms when such behaviors are reported. Principal investigators are particularly well positioned to influence workplace culture at their field sites.
Issues in Working with Sexually Abused Clients in Music Therapy (1992)

This paper discusses some of the issues that arise when working with sexually abused clients. It highlights a number of factors that appear to be common to this client group's manipulation of the medium of music therapy; the symbolic use of the instruments; the preoccupations with mess and containers; the use of boundaries; and the power of the secret. Material from a number of case studies (both adults and children) is used to illuminate many of the points made. Many of the issues discussed are pertinent to a wider range of client groups — particularly those prone to eating disorders and substance abuse. It does not refer to the wealth of literature regarding work with abused clients with learning difficulties.
Compensation of beam deflection due to the magnetic field using beam steering by aperture displacement technique in the multibeamlet negative ion source (2001)

A beam steering technique using aperture displacement was examined to correct the negative ion beam deflection due to the magnetic field for electron suppression in a large-area multibeamlet H− source. The total deflection angle was estimated, including the effect of the deflection by the electron suppression magnetic field and the beam steering by the aperture displacement, both by linear optics theory and by three-dimensional beam trajectory simulation. Two methods were compared; one used the displacement both of the grounded grid (GG) apertures and of the exit part of the extraction grid (EG exit) apertures, and the other used the displacement only of the EG exit. The beam steering experiments were performed using a large-area multibeamlet H− source with both displacement methods, and the results were compared with the theoretical estimations. As a result, both methods were effective to correct the beam deflection. In particular, the displacement of only the EG exit with a simplified displacement structure achieved a large steering angle by a small displacement. The steering angle in the experiment was a few mrad smaller than the estimations. Based on these results, the aperture displacement of the EG exit was applied to the 1/5 segment of a H− source in the Large-Helical-Device neutral beam injector, where the GG apertures are displaced only focusing of the large-area multibeamlet. In this case, 1.0 mm of the displacement is concluded to be proper to sufficiently compensate the beam deflection at 180 keV, from extrapolation of the beam energy characteristics at 100–140 kev.
New insights into soft gluons and gravitons (2012)

The study of gluon radiation in QCD, in the limit of small (soft) momentum, remains an active research area, with a variety of phenomenological and theoretical applications. Soft gluon emission leads to large logarithms in perturbation theory which have to be summed up to all orders in the coupling, and also governs the structure of infrared singularities. Recently, new techniques and mathematical structures have been discovered, which enhance our understanding of these all-order properties. This contribution will review a number of key topics, including the relationship between QCD and gravity.
Location of foot tracks in bush (1950)

The formation of tracks in scenic and forest reserves for the use of tourists and trampers, for fire patrol and for elimination of deer and goats, is likely to have increasing attention with the growing consciousness of the national value of these reserves. Too often in the past the location of tracks has been left to the foreman of a working party, with unsatisfactory results. Sometimes he merely improves one of the existing tracks used by animals, which mostly follow the tops of spurs; another common trap into which the bushman falls is the excessive use of the zig-zag. When working up from a valley to a saddle he seems to be afraid that if he runs a long grade in one direction he is getting away from his objective. The only situation in which zig-zags are justified is on a steep slope hemmed in by lateral cliffs or ravines. Typical examples of the faulty use of the zig-zag may be seen in the Cascade Park, Auckland, on Te Aroha Mountain, and on the track from Eastbourne to Butterfly Creek, Wellington. In most situations the benefit of a well-selected location will amply justify the additional cost of a survey.
Percepción del Sector Empresarial sobre la Formación Profesional del Contador Público (2018)

espanolLos profesionales contables dentro del sector empresarial, requieren de una permanente actualizacion de sus conocimientos en torno a lo legal, normativo y productivo. Esta investigacion, planteo identificar el perfil profesional contable del sector empresarial en Esmeraldas, participaron 30 empresas de la localidad y se uso un diseno no experimental tipo descriptivo a traves de una encuesta, para conocer las necesidades del empresario en relacion a la formacion profesional del contador para su desempeno. Los resultados mas relevantes, fue la falta de experiencia al momento de graduarse y debilidad en el uso de herramientas informaticas. Se concluye que el profesional, requiere desarrollar otras competencias acordes a las exigencias del mercado laboral EnglishThe accounting professionals within the business sector require a permanent update of their knowledge on the legal, regulatory and productive. This research aimed to identify the accounting professional profile of the business sector in Esmeraldas, involved 30 local companies and used a non-experimental design descriptive type through a survey, to know the needs of the entrepreneur in relation to the professional training of accountant For their performance. The most relevant results were lack of experience at the time of graduation and weakness in the use of computer tools. It is concluded that the professional, needs to develop other competences according to the demands of the labor market
A high-linearity InGaP/GaAs HBT power amplifier for IEEE 802.11a/n (2013)

A three-stage 4.8–6 GHz monolithic power amplifier (PA) compatible with IEEE 802.11a/n designed based on an advanced 2 μm InGaP/GaAs hetero-junction bipolar transistor (HBT) process is presented. The PA integrates input matching and closed-loop power control circuits on chip. Under 3.3 V DC bias, the amplifier achieves a ~31 dB small signal gain, excellent wide band input and output matching among overall 1.2 GHz bandwidth, and up to 24.5 dBm linear output power below EVM 3% with IEEE 802.11a 64QAM OFDM input signal.
Reproductive physiology (1991)

Several new developments in the field of reproductive endocrinology were published in 1990. Research on inhibin and related peptides appears to be particularly active and developments in this area may provide fundamental new information for the understanding and treatment of reproductive disorders. Exogenous androgens were found to be useful as a pharmacologic form of reversible male contraception. Interesting new data were also published regarding hypothalamic physiology, ovulation induction procedures, and the endocrinology of pregnancy.
Distributed Subgradient-Based Coordination of Multiple Renewable Generators in a Microgrid (2013)

For a microgrid with high renewable energy penetration to work autonomously, it must maintain its own supply-demand balance of active power. Maximum peak power tracking algorithms, which emphasize high renewable energy utilization, may cause a supply-demand imbalance when the available renewable generation is more than demanded, especially for autonomous microgrids. Currently, droop control is one of the most popular decentralized methods for sharing active and reactive loads among the distributed generators. However, conventional droop control methods suffer from slow and oscillating dynamic response and steady state deviations. To overcome these problems, this paper proposes a distributed subgradient-based solution to coordinate the operations of different types of distributed renewable generators in a microgrid. By controlling the utilization levels of renewable generators, the supply-demand balance can be well maintained and the system dynamic performance can be significantly improved. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control solution.
<title>Delivery of Nd:YAG laser pulses by large optical fiber: dependence of the laser intensity profile on threshold of energy transmission</title> (1996)

A laser-induced damage study on large-core, multimode fiber is presented. We develop a numerical analysis concerning high laser power transmission based on a beam ray tracing. Data are compared with experimental results obtained with a Nd-YAG laser and a step-index fiber. Studies of bulk damage in fiber show that the incident laser beam profile and the launching conditions are responsible of high-intensity sites inside the fiber. Gaussian and multimode spatial profiles are numerically investigated. Finally, we discuss optima laser characteristics to increase the energy transmission in the fiber.
Surface characterization of acid-oxidized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (2009)

Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) oxidized with sulfuric acid, nitric acid, and the mixture of sulfuric and nitric acids were characterized by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), Raman spectroscopy, elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The TGA data showed that the MWNTs were more resistant to oxidation than C60 or activated carbon fibers. Catalyst particles could be removed by the oxidants containing sulfuric acid, and thus indicative of the tip opening of MWNTs. The sulfuric acid had a propensity to create defect sites and introduce the surface oxides at those defects that already exist or be newly generated on MWNTs. However, the acid mixture could open the caps of MWNTs but preserve the structure homogeneity. The treatment with nitric acid gave rise to the highest bulk oxygen content in MWNTs, while the most abundant surface oxides were provided by sulfuric acid oxidation. In addition, nitric acid exhibited the best ability to transform the phenolic groups into carboxyl groups.
Hepatocyte growth factor‐like protein is identical to macrophage stimulating protein (1993)

Although the hepatocyte growth factor-like protein (HLP) shares a 50% homology with the hepatocyte growth factor, the biological function of HLP has remained unknown. Addition of conditioned medium of COS-7 cells transfected with the expression plasmid for HLP cDNA to cultures of resident peritoneal macrophages induced specific activation of macrophages, and the factor which stimulates macrophages was purified from the conditioned medium. The purified protein showed M(r) of 85 kDa on SDS-PAGE, and this M(r) is in agreement with that of macrophage-stimulating protein (MSP) previously purified from human serum, as well as with the predicted M(r) of HLP. Amino acid composition of the purified protein coincided with the compositions of human HLP and MSP. Together with the finding that the partial amino acid sequences of MSP are highly homologous to that of HLP, we conclude that the biological function of HLP is to activate macrophages and that HLP and MSP are identical molecules.
The Advanced Cracking Reactor: A Process for Cracking Hydrocarbon Liquids at Short Residence Times, High Temperatures, and Low Partial Pressures (1976)

The potential advantages of operating at shorter times, higher temperatures and lower average partial pressures than is possible in conventional steam crackers have been recognized within Union Carbide for many years. Some time ago we developed, through small pilot plant scale, a process and apparatus for practical operation at such conditions. The process involved mixing of a stream of liquid hydrocarbons with a stream of highly superheated steam in such a way that extremely rapid vaporization occurs as well as extremely rapid mass and thermal mixing. For experimental purposes we produced our superheated steam by combustion of a fuel gas with oxygen. The burner used was scalable to plant size, but we recognized the possibility that another type of superheater, such as a regenerator; might be substituted. The technology was dubbed the "Advanced Cracking Reactor" and is usually referred to by the initials ACR. These will be used throughout the
Analysis of the coding sequence for the GM-CSF receptor alpha and beta chains in patients with juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia (JCML). (1997)

Peripheral blood granulocyte-macrophage progenitors (CFU-GMs) from patients with juvenile chronic myeloid leukemia (JCML) are able to proliferate spontaneously in the absence of exogenous growth factors and studies have shown that these progenitors display a hypersensitive growth response to GM-colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) in culture. We screened RNA from six patients with JCML for mutations in the GM-CSF receptor (GM-CSFR) coding sequence using RT-PCR-SSCP. Altered patterns were found in five patients for the GM-CSFR alpha chain, and in five patients for the beta chain. Two nucleotide substitutions accounted for all alpha chain abnormalities; one was conservative for Val333 and the other caused an Ala17-->Gly substitution. Both had previously been detected in normal controls. Sequencing of beta chain abnormalities revealed four base substitutions. Three were previously described polymorphisms, one causing a Pro603-->Thr substitution and two conservative point mutations involving Ser426 and Pro648. A further nucleotide mutation, which resulted in a Glu249-->Gln substitution, was also found but is not thought to be of pathological significance. Polymorphisms of the GM-CSFR alpha and beta chains are common, but pathogenic point mutations of the GM-CSFR are infrequent in patients with JCML and are unlikely to be involved in the hypersensitivity to GM-CSF demonstrated by progenitor cells.
TEACHING STYLES AND LANGUAGE ANXIETY: THE MEDIATING EFFECT OF LANGUAGE LEARNING BELIEFS (2022)

The goal of this study was to see if language learning beliefs had a mediation influence on students language anxiety in relation to teaching style. In this case, a descriptive correlational survey was used as part of a quantitative research project. It was conducted with 332 research participants at a private institution in Digos City. Adapted questionnaires from Grasha’s Teaching Styles Inventory (2002), Horwitz’s (1987) Beliefs About Language Learning Inventory (BALLI), and Foreign Language Classroom Anxiety were the three instruments used in this study. Horwitz, Horwitz, and Cope are the three levels of the FLCAS scale (1986). The Google survey form was utilized to facilitate the investigation. In the data analysis, the mean, regression analysis, Pearson r, and the Sobel z-test were used. As a result of this research, it has been determined that there is a very high level in each teaching style. Moderate level of anxiety in the Filipino language and high level of belief in language learning. In addition, the variables in this study show a significant correlation. Thus, as a result of the significant correlation of each variable, it was found that there was a full mediation of the effect on language learning beliefs in the correlation of teaching styles and students’ language anxiety. KEYWORDS: Digos City, belief in language learning, anxiety in the Filipino language, teaching style, mediating effect