gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tailoring of a photoactive compound for non-chemically amplified 248-nm resist formulations (1997)

Several approaches toward the design of non-chemically amplified deep UV resists have been reported using different photoactive compounds and resins. Diazo-dione chromophores are particularly attractive for this application, but the keto- ketenes derived from their photolysis are more reactive than those derived from the analogous diazonaphthoquinones. Specifically, the 30-diazo-4-ketocoumarin chromophore has been identified as a promising candidate around which to design a non-chemically amplified 248 nm resist. In order to optimize the design of this system, the influence of both electronic and steric influences on the rate of reaction of the ketene with novolac resin has been studied. These experiments were carried out using a low temperature matrix isolation FT-IR technique similar to that previously reported. The reaction of the ketene with the resin hydroxyl group follows pseudo first order kinetics and the rate constant is dependent on the substituents and the substitution pattern on the coumarin.
Principles of Ultrasonic Droplet Size Determination in Emulsions (1996)

Instruments based on ultrasonic spectrometry are becoming increasingly popular for determining the droplet size distribution of emulsions. They have major advantages over alternative technologies because they are capable of analyzing emulsions which are concentrated and optically opaque, without disturbing the sample. This article reviews the physical principles of ultrasonic particle sizing, the experimental methods commonly used to make ultrasonic measurements, and the mathematical equations used to convert ultrasonic measurements to droplet size distributions. Ultrasonic spectrometry is compared to other particle-sizing techniques so that colloid scientists can decide whether it is suitable for their particular application.
Synergistic effect of quaternary ammonium hydroxide and crown ether on the rapid and clear dissolution of cellulose at room temperature (2013)

The simultaneous addition of 40% tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TBAH) and crown ether (18-crown-6) promptly produced a clear aqueous solution of cellulose (10 wt%) at room temperature.
Developmental and persistent developmental stuttering: an overview for primary care physicians. (2011)

Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by a disruption in the fluency, timing, and rhythm of normal speech. It affects approximately 5% of children at some point in their lives. Although dysfluency often resolves before adulthood, it may cause periods of extreme anxiety for patients, especially those who continue to stutter in adolescence and adulthood. Although these patients are unlikely to stop stuttering, treatment options are available to reduce anxiety and therefore the severity of symptoms. In the present review article, the authors discuss the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of developmental stuttering in children and adults.
Method for the Quantitative Morphologic Analysis of Tissues (1943)

Journal Article Method for the Quantitative Morphologic Analysis of Tissues Get access H. W. Chalkley H. W. Chalkley senior physiologist National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, United States Public Health Service Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar JNCI: Journal of the National Cancer Institute, Volume 4, Issue 1, August 1943, Pages 47–53, https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/4.1.47 Published: 01 August 1943
Intelligent PHEV charging and discharging strategy in smart grid (2012)

The anticipation of a large penetration of Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) into the market brings up many new technical problems that need to be addressed. In the near future, a large number of PHEVs/PEVs connected to power grids will add a large-scale energy load, as well as add substantial energy resources that can be utilized. Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) technology is a most promising opportunity in PHEV/PEV adoption. In this paper, the authors propose an intelligent method for optimally managing a large number of PHEVs/PEVs (e.g., 3,000) charging/discharging at a municipal parking deck. The authors used the Estimation of Distribution Algorithm (EDA) to determine the optimal charging/discharging times and patterns over a period of 24 hours. A mathematical framework for the objective function (i.e., maximizing the overall profit on a vehicle fleet base) is also given in detail. The authors characterized the performance of EDA-based energy management using a Matlab simulation, and compared it with other optimization techniques.
Benzo[<i>e</i>]isoindole-1,3-diones as Potential Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3). Synthesis, Kinase Inhibitory Activity, Zebrafish Phenotype, and Modeling of Binding Mode (2009)

Benzo[e]isoindole-1,3-dione derivatives were synthesized, and the effects on GSK-3beta activity and zebrafish embryo growth were evaluated. A series of derivatives show obvious inhibitory activity against GSK-3beta. The most potent inhibitor, 7,8-dimethoxy-5-methylbenzo[e]isoindole-1,3-dione (8a), shows nanomolar IC(50) and obvious phenotype on zebrafish embryo growth associated with the inhibition of GSK-3beta at low micromolar concentration. The interaction mode between 8a and GSK-3beta was characterized by computational modeling.
Past, present and future directions in human genetic susceptibility to tuberculosis (2009)

The historical impression that tuberculosis was an inherited disorder has come full circle and substantial evidence now exists of the human genetic contribution to susceptibility to tuberculosis. This evidence has come from several whole-genome linkage scans, and numerous case-control association studies where the candidate genes were derived from the genome screens, animal models and hypotheses pertaining to the disease pathways. Although many of the associated genes have not been validated in all studies, the list of those that have been is growing, and includes NRAMP1, IFNG, NOS2A, MBL, VDR and some TLR. Certain of these genes have consistently been associated with tuberculosis in diverse populations. The future investigation of susceptibility to tuberculosis is almost certain to include genome-wide association studies, admixture mapping and the search for rare variants and epigenetic mechanisms. The genetic identification of more vulnerable individuals is expected to inform personalized treatment and perhaps vaccination strategies.
Repressible cation-phosphate symporters in Neurospora crassa. (1995)

The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa possesses two nonhomologous high-affinity phosphate permeases, PHO-4 and PHO-5. We have isolated separate null mutants of these permeases, allowing us to study the remaining active transporter in vivo in terms of phosphate uptake and sensitivity to inhibitors. The specificity for the cotransported cation differs for PHO-4 and PHO-5, suggesting that these permeases employ different mechanisms for phosphate translocation. Phosphate uptake by PHO-4 is stimulated 85-fold by the addition of Na+, which supports the idea that PHO-4 is a Na(+)-phosphate symporter. PHO-5 is unaffected by Na+ concentration but is much more sensitive to elevated pH than is PHO-4. Presumably, PHO-5 is a H(+)-phosphate symporter. Na(+)-coupled symport is usually associated with animal cells. The finding of such a system in a filamentous fungus is in harmony with the idea that the fungal and animal kingdoms are more closely related to each other than either is to the plant kingdom.
Parameter Estimation in a Model Based Approach for Tomographic Perfusion Measurement (2006)

The algorithmic aspects of tomographic estimation of perfusion model parameters from projections acquired with a rotating imaging system are presented. The approach is stated as a model based parameter optimization problem. A parametric model is used to describe the time attenuation curves of the dynamic image under consideration. Computed forward projections of this model considering the temporal and geometric properties of the acquisition system are compared to the measured projections in a least squares optimization. An iterative Lanczos algorithm is used to solve this problem numerically. An efficient implementation is presented which exploits a decomposition of the problem into the spatial and temporal domain. The ill-posed nature of the problem is tackled by a Tikhonov-type regularization method that makes use of a spatial/temporal decomposition along with a data driven optimization of the regularization parameter. The potential of this approach is shown for two different setups: a brain perfusion software phantom, as well as reconstructions from a standard CT perfusion acquisition of an acute stroke patient. Experiments show that accurate estimates of the underlying time-intensity curves can be recovered on a pixel-by-pixel base.
Long‐term treatment response and fluorodopa positron emission tomographic scanning of parkinsonism in a family with dopa‐responsive dystonia (1992)

Dopa-responsive dystonia (DRD) is one form of childhood-onset idiopathic torsion dystonia. Adult-onset parkinsonism has appeared in several previously unaffected members in families with DRD suggesting that this may be an additional phenotypical expression of the disease. We report a family with DRD in which 2 women and 1 man, unaffected by dystonia, developed tremor-onset parkinsonism after age 50 years. The women continue on a low dosage of levodopa after 9 and 13 years of treatment, with a stable, nearly complete, symptomatic response. This contrasts to the typical long-term treatment complications observed in patients with Parkinson's disease. We assessed nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in the proband, with typical DRD, and the 2 women with parkinsonism using 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa positron emission tomography. All 3 had normal striatal 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa uptake. These observations provide compelling evidence that "benign" adult-onset parkinsonism may be an expression of the disease in some members of families with DRD and does not support consideration of the DRD gene as a risk factor for development of Parkinson's disease. There may be considerable clinical heterogeneity in DRD depending on the age at onset.
Fabrication and characteristics of mesh band-pass filters (2009)

Mesh band-pass filters for 300-, 450-, 600-, and 750-GHz central frequencies are designed and manufactured. Copper and aluminum foil and foil-clad Teflon filters were made by chemical and ionic etching methods, and an aluminum film evaporated on a kapton film was formed by the lift-off lithography method. A gold layer was electrolytically applied on copper mesh filters. Characteristics of the filters were measured in the millimeter, submillimeter, and infrared (IR) ranges. Foil filters demonstrate better characteristics at lower frequencies, while filters with evaporated films have better characteristics at upper frequencies. The smallest transmission loss was 0.13 dB. For a combination consisting of four filters, this loss was 0.9 dB. The IR radiation attenuation in a 2.5- to 25.0-μm wavelength region was no less than 11 dB per filter.
The total synthesis of (+)-ryanodol. Part II. Model studies for rings B and C of (+)-anhydroryanodol. Preparation of a key pentacyclic intermediate (1990)

This paper reports several model studies that were necessary for the rational conception of a simple four-step synthesis (6 + (S)-74 → 81a–b → 83 [Formula: see text] 87 → 89) (Scheme 11) of the carbonate derivative 89 of the optically active pentacyclic dihydroxy ketoaldehyde 87, an important key intermediate for the synthesis of (+)-ryanodol (5). The optically active vinyl ketone (S)-74 that was used as starting material was prepared in four steps from d-carvone ((S)-94) (Scheme 13). The preparation of the other starting material, the o-spirolactone dienone 6, was reported in Part I. Keywords: strategy, synthesis, ryanodol, key intermediate, diterpene.
Molecular characterization of a nonautonomous transposable element (dTph1) of petunia. (1990)

An insertion sequence of 283 base pairs has been isolated from the DFR-C gene (dihydroflavonol-4-reductase) of petunia. This insert was found only in a line unstable for the An1 locus (anthocyanin 1, located on chromosome VI) and not in fully pigmented progenitor and revertant lines or in stable white derivative lines. This implies that the An1 locus encodes the DFR-C gene. The unstable An1 system in the line W138 is known to be a two-element system, the autonomous element being located on chromosome I. In the presence of the autonomous element, W138 flowers exhibit a characteristic pattern of red revertant spots and sectors on a white background. In the absence of the autonomous element, the W138 allele gives rise to a stable recessive (white) phenotype. Sequence analysis of progenitor, unstable, and revertant alleles revealed dTph1 to contain perfect terminal inverted repeats of 12 base pairs. In DFR-C, it is flanked by an 8-base pair target site duplication. Sequences homologous to dTph1 are present in at least 50 copies in the line W138. Sequence analysis of An1 revertant alleles indicated that excision, including removal of the target site duplication, is required for reversion to the wild-type phenotype. Derivative stable recessive alleles showed excision of dTph1 and a rearrangement of the target site duplication. dTph1 is the smallest transposable element described to date that is still capable of transposition. The use of dTph1 in tagging experiments and subsequent gene isolation is discussed.
Differential Effects of Antidepressants (1999)

1. Diagnosis and clinical issues 2. Assessing clinical outcomes 3. Basic concepts of neurotransmission in the brain 4. Biochemical basis of depression 5. Pharmacological properties and side-effects of antidepressants: an overview 6. Drug interactions of potential clinical importance 7. Role of serotonin in depression 8. Role of noradenaline in depression 9. Strategies in treatment of resistant affective disorders 10. Extending the clinical use of antidepressants 11. Use of antidepressants in special patient groups
Sources and biological actions of relaxin in pigs. (1993)

Although the major source of relaxin in pigs is the corpus luteum of pregnancy, there is now evidence for relaxin gene expression and translation into protein in the theca interna cells of the preovulatory follicle, the corpus luteum of the cycle and the uterus. The theca interna cells retain their ability to express the relaxin gene and protein following ovulation. During the early stages of development of the corpus luteum, the theca-derived small lutein cells are the source of the relaxin transcript. As the corpus luteum becomes fully functional, there is a switch in the site of relaxin synthesis from small theca-derived lutein cells to large granulosa-derived cells. In the absence of luteolysis, this switch is accompanied by a dramatic rise in relaxin synthesis. Relaxin has been identified in boar seminal plasma and can maintain or increase sperm motility. However, a source of relaxin in the boar has not been identified. Relaxin is an important regulator of uterine function during pregnancy acting systemically to suppress myometrial activity and promote cervical dilation at parturition. The changes in thecal relaxin production during follicle development and its ability to promote growth and changes in proteolytic enzyme activity of granulosa cells in vitro have led to the concept of an autocrine or paracrine role for relaxin within the follicle. Uterotrophic effects of relaxin have been reported in rodents and swine and support the hypothesis that relaxin promotes uterine growth and expansion in early pregnancy to accommodate the growing fetuses. Mammotrophic effects of relaxin in rodents have now been extended to pigs, with evidence that relaxin is necessary for normal mammary parenchymal development in late pregnancy. In most instances the mechanisms responsible for, and the physiological significance of, these diverse biological effects remain to be elucidated.
Managing schizophrenia in general practice. (2004)

General practitioners have a key role in managing patients with schizophrenia, including early detection of prodromal symptoms, monitoring and preventing relapses, and providing high quality primary and secondary prevention for common physical problems. Effective care requires a thorough understanding of local specialist services, pharmacotherapies, and familiarity with psychosocial interventions that will genuinely benefit patients.
The Evolution of Spontaneous Confabulation, Delusional Misidentification and a Related Delusion in a Case of Severe Head Injury (1999)

Abstract We describe a young woman who suffered a severe head injury, resulting in pathology to the right ventro-medial and polar frontal cortex with some involvement of the left ventro-medial and the right dorso-lateral regions as well. There was also a small infarct in the corona radiata of the right parietal lobe. The patient showed fleeting confabulations, succeeded by a more stable Fregoli (misidentification) delusion, followed in turn by the deluded belief that a nephew was inhabiting the hospital. These psychiatric features arose in the context of severe memory, perceptual and executive dysfunctions, which outlasted the abnormal beliefs by several months. The findings are interpreted in terms of changes in the executive ‘specification’ and ‘verification’ of memories through time. It is argued that neuropsychological theories of phenomena such as spontaneous confabulation and delusional misidentification need to take account not only of the presence of particular lesions associated with ‘static’ cognitive deficits, but also of ‘dynamic’ changes through time as these abnormal ideas emerge, evolve and wane.
Experiments in the Synthesis of Pyridinium Amidines and Imino Esters (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTExperiments in the Synthesis of Pyridinium Amidines and Imino EstersEdward J. PoziomekCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 2, 590–591Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01037a521https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01037a521research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views244Altmetric-Citations8LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Field Trial to Assess the Effect of Vaccination against Feline Herpesvirus, Feline Calicivirus and Feline Panleucopenia Virus in 6-Week-Old Kittens (2001)

A trivalent (feline panleucopenia, feline herpesvirus, feline calicivirus), modified live, commercially available cat vaccine was used at either 6, 9 and 12 weeks of age (early schedule) or 9 and 12 weeks of age (conventional schedule), and the serological response to vaccination was assessed. The level of maternally derived antibody present at 6 weeks of age was also established. The use of early vaccination at 6 weeks of age induced an antibody response to each virus by 9 weeks of age in a significant proportion of kittens compared with unvaccinated littermates. There was no difference between the conventionally and early-vaccinated groups in terms of antibody response to any antigen by 12 and 15 weeks of age.
Structure-guided multivalent nanobodies block SARS-CoV-2 infection and suppress mutational escape (2021)

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) continues to spread, with devastating consequences. For passive immunization efforts, nanobodies have size and cost advantages over conventional antibodies. In this study, we generated four neutralizing nanobodies that target the receptor binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. We used x-ray crystallography and cryo-electron microscopy to define two distinct binding epitopes. On the basis of these structures, we engineered multivalent nanobodies with more than 100 times the neutralizing activity of monovalent nanobodies. Biparatopic nanobody fusions suppressed the emergence of escape mutants. Several nanobody constructs neutralized through receptor binding competition, whereas other monovalent and biparatopic nanobodies triggered aberrant activation of the spike fusion machinery. These premature conformational changes in the spike protein forestalled productive fusion and rendered the virions noninfectious.
Differential DNA methylation of the chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit multigene family. (1993)

In addition to its synthesis in the developing placenta, human CG or the isolated alpha- and beta-subunits are synthesized by a wide variety of both trophoblastic and nontrophoblastic tumor cell lines. The beta-subunit confers unique biological activity on the hormone and is encoded by a family of six genes or pseudogenes linked physically with beta LH at one locus on chromosome 19. Previous work has demonstrated that members of the beta CG family are not expressed to the same extent in first-trimester placenta. The factors allowing differential expression of the six nearly identical genes are unknown. It is also undetermined which of the multiple beta CG genes are actively expressed in the tumor cell lines that produce beta-subunit ectopically. One potential mechanism for control of beta CG gene expression is DNA methylation. A unique method of two-dimensional DNA electrophoresis was used to analyze the methylation status of each of the individual beta CG genes in placenta and in tumor cell lines that either do or do not express the protein. The DNA from each source exhibited unique, reproducible methylation patterns over the six beta CG genes. Particularly interesting were the observations that: 1) despite their nearly identical sequences and close chromosomal proximity, the six beta CG genes are distinguished from one another within the same and different cell types by their extent and pattern of methylation; 2) the beta CG locus is significantly hypomethylated in placenta, a state maintained in choriocarcinoma cells (JAr); 3) the beta CG gene cluster is unmethylated at a limited set of sites in DNA from both 2RA (a transformed fibroblast cell line that does not produce beta-subunit) and CBT (a glioblastoma cell line that produces beta-subunit ectopically), suggesting that general demethylation of the domain does not accompany activation of the locus in CBT but rather that site-specific changes may be responsible, at least in part, for inappropriate beta CG expression; and 4) the ratio of beta CG gene 3 transcripts to beta CG gene 5 transcripts is at least 10-fold higher in CBT cells than in JAr cells, suggesting that the reduced methylation in CBT cells of gene 3 compared to gene 5 may be a factor contributing to the activity of these genes.