gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Intrathoracic Platelet Accumulation in the Guinea-Pig Induced by Intravenous Administration of Arachidonic Acid - Effect of Cyclooxygenase and Thromboxane Synthetase Inhibitors (1986)

Intravenous administration of arachidonic acid to guinea-pigs caused a dose-related, rapid accumulation of 51Cr-labelled platelets in the thorax. Inhibitors of cyclooxygenase inhibited the platelet accumulation, induced by arachidonic acid (30 mg/kg), at doses which did not alter the thoracic blood volume (as measured by 131I-labelled human albumin). Thromboxane synthetase inhibitors had different effects on platelet accumulation depending on the dose. CGS 12970 (3 mg/kg) and N(1-carboxyheptyl) imidazole (100 mg/kg) reduced platelet accumulation. High doses of CGS 12970 and CGS 13080 caused an apparent enhancement of platelet accumulation which was associated with pooling of blood in the thorax, as measured by either 131I-labelled human albumin or 51Cr-labelled erythrocytes. This increase in thoracic blood volume was abolished if the guinea-pigs were also pretreated with diclofenac (1 mg/kg) in addition to the thromboxane synthetase inhibitor. Increases in thoracic blood volume were also obtained following infusions of PGI2 but not PGD2 or PGE2.
Fake Iris Detection: A Holistic Approach (2011)

There is tremendous interest in improved methods of reliable and secure identification of people using biometrics. Although, iris is believed to allow very high accuracy, various experiments showed an alarming lack of anti-spoofing mechanisms in devices already protecting many sensitive areas all over the world. This enforces the need for aliveness detection methodology to be quickly introduced. In this paper, all possible types of fake iris has been identified. Previously published work in this field had concentrated only either on active or passive methods for fake iris detection. This has visible shortcomings of detecting only specific types of fake irises corresponding to each method and not of all kinds. This paper proposes a composite method, with promising results, to overcome the shortcomings of existing methods. The FAR and FRR values of the proposed method on realistic database of 160 images are 0.625% and 0.625% respectively. A notable achievement of this work is development of robust iris segmentation algorithm having inherent capability of fake iris detection.
Interaction of phosphorylase <i>b</i> with eosin. Influence of substrate and effectors on eosin-enzyme complexes (1979)

The interactions of rabbit muscle glycogen phosphorylase b with Eosin (2',4',5',7'-tetrabromofluorescein) was studied. Eosin was found to be an effective inhibitor of the enzyme. The inhibition constants for the dye were estimated to be approx. 36 and 60 microM with respect to AMP and glucose 1-phosphate respectively. The binding of Eosin to phosphorylase b is accompanied by a red-shift of about 12 nm in the dye absorption-spectrum maximum, indicating low-polarity binding sites on the enzyme molecule for the dye. The absorbance in the difference absorption maximum at 537 nm was utilized to follow the conjugation of phosphorylase b with Eosin. Scatchard plots of the titration data revealed the existence of at least two classes of binding sites on the protein molecule for Eosin, and the dissociation constants measured in Tris/HCl buffer, pH 7.0 (IO.091), were 7.7 and 41.7 microM respectively. The influence of the substrates and effectors on Eosin-enzymes complexes was used to study the ligand-phosphorylase b interactions. IMP displaced the dye completely from the enzyme, indicating that there are two IMP-binding sites per phosphorylase b monomer. AMP binding to the enzyme with respect to Eosin concentration is of two types: a non-competitive one for the high-affinity site for AMP and a competitive one for the low-affinity site for the activator. The effects of glucose 6-phosphate, ATP, Pi and glycerol 2-phosphate in the system are in according dance with a partially competitive model. Glucoes 1-phosphate and UDP-glucose appear to affect only the high-affinity site for Eosin, whereas glucose and glycogen have no effect on Eosin-phosphorylase b complexes. Our results suggest that Eosin can be used as an efficient optical probe for studying the phosphorylase b system.
An integrated network management system for provisioning the efficient ATM over ADSL service (2002)

This paper describes an integrated network management system for provisioning the efficient ATM over ADSL service. There are two distinct networks of ATM and Internet. Most of routers in the Internet are connected with WDM. The network access server (NAS) in the Internet provides the Internet access service for ATM over ADSL subscribers. The ATM network takes the roles of the backbone network for the ATM PVC and SVC services and the access network for the ATM over ADSL service. Proposing an integrated network management system for the ATM over ADSL service, this paper defines a unified network model composed of two fragments of the topology and the connectivity taking into account the maximization of scalability. It is designed with the ITU-T G.805 layering and partitioning concepts and the RM-ODP information viewpoint. In addition, this paper proposes the distributed computational model of the ATM over ADSL network management system using the RM-ODP computational viewpoint and the TMN functional decompositions of FCAPS taking into account the functional distribution and the modularity. In addition, this paper describes the scenario for providing the ATM over ADSL service.
Performance assessment and diagnosis of refinery control loops (1998)

This paper discusses the application of control loop performance assessment (Desborough and Harris, 1992) in a refinery setting. In a large process it is not feasible to tailor the parameters of the algorithm to every individual control loop. A procedure is illustrated for selecting default values which make it possible to implement the technology on a refinery-wide scale. For instance, it is shown that the prediction horizon perameter in the CLPA algorithm can be set so that the analysis is sensitive to the persistent signals that cause loss of performance. Default values are suggested for refinery applications.A frequent cause of loss of performance in a control loop is a persistent oscillation due to a valve nonlinearity or a tuning fault. The paper presents an operational signatures in the form of an estimate of the closed loop impulse response that suggest the causes of such oscillations.
Association of Hashimoto's thyroiditis and thyroid cancer (2014)

The lymphocytic infiltration of Hashimoto's thyroiditis is frequently associated with papillary thyroid cancer and may indeed be a risk factor for developing this type of cancer. Nonetheless, a pathogenesis linking these diseases remains unclear. The relationship between thyroid lymphoma and Hashimoto's thyroiditis appears to be well established.
Absence of HER2 overexpression in metastatic malignant melanoma (2003)

We found a low incidence of HER2 expression and no evidence of HER2 protein overexpression or HER2 gene amplification in metastatic malignant melanoma tissues. Therefore, routine testing for HER2 overexpression or HER2 amplification would not be of benefit in this patient population. These results also imply that anti-HER2 therapy with trastuzumab is highly unlikely to provide benefit for patients with metastatic melanoma.
Population Screening for Chronic Q-Fever Seven Years after a Major Outbreak (2015)

Seven years after the initial outbreak, seroprevalence remains high, but the yield of screening the general population for chronic Q-fever is low. A policy of screening known high-risk groups for chronic Q-fever in outbreak areas directly following an outbreak might be more efficient than population screening. A cost-effectiveness analysis should also be performed before initiating a population screening program for chronic Q-fever.
Intron insertion facilitates amplification of cloned virus cDNA in Escherichia coli while biological activity is reestablished after transcription in vivo. (1996)

Insertion of introns into cloned cDNA of two isolates of the plant potyvirus pea seedborne mosaic virus facilitated plasmid amplification in Escherichia coli. Multiple stop codons in the inserted introns interrupted the open reading frame of the virus cDNA, thereby terminating undesired translation of virus proteins in E. coli. Plasmids containing the full-length virus sequences, placed under control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter and the nopaline synthase termination signal, were stable and easy to amplify in E. coli if one or more introns were inserted into the virus sequence. These plasmids were infectious when inoculated mechanically onto Pisum sativum leaves. Examination of the cDNA-derived viruses confirmed that intron splicing of in vivo transcribed pre-mRNA had occurred as predicted, reestablishing the virus genome sequences. Symptom development and virus accumulation of the cDNA derived viruses and parental viruses were identical. It is proposed that intron insertion can be used to facilitate manipulation and amplification of cloned DNA fragments that are unstable in, or toxic to, E. coli. When transcribed in vivo in eukaryotic cells, the introns will be eliminated from the sequence and will not interfere with further analysis of protein expression or virus infection.
The Effect of Carrier Frequency Modulation of PWM Waveforms on Conducted EMC Problems in Switched Mode Power Supplies (1996)

SummaryElectromagnetic compatibility (EMC) remains an issue which can present many problems to designers of high frequency power converter circuits. Usual techniques for alleviating the problems of interference generation by power converters involve the use of screening materials and filters, however, the effectiveness of such measures depends on the frequency the interference and the power density at each frequency of interest. As pulse width modulation (PWM) generates high frequency harmonics at multiples of the switching frequency, modulation of the switching frequency may be used to spread the spectral power density present at these harmonic frequencies. This paper presents a technique of frequency-hopping spread-spectrum modulation which may be applied to switched-mode power converters (SMPC's) to reduce the spectral power density at harmonics of the switching frequency. The influence of the peak frequency deviation, the modulation sequence length and the type of modulating sequence on the resultant spectrum are discussed. These prediction have been broadly confirmed in practice, with measurements carried our with an EMC pre-compliance test system. Additional informationNotes on contributorsDavid StoneDavid StoneBEng Degree from the University of Sheffield and PhD from the University of Liverpool in 1985 and 1989 respectively. Presently works at the University of Sheffield as a lecturer in Power electronics and Motion control systems, where his current research interests include switched mode power supplies, EMC and DSP control of brushless motors. Dr Stone is amember of the IEEE and serves on the IEEE UKRI PEL's committee. (Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering., Mappin Street, Sheffield S1 3JD UK.)Barry ChambersBarry ChambersB. Eng. and Ph.D. degrees in Electronic Engineering from the University of Sheffield in 1964 and 1968 respectively. Following a peroid at the University of British Columbia, Canada, he is currently a Senior Lecture in Communications Engineering at the University of Sheffield. His reserch interests include EMC studies, conducting polymers and other novel materials, electromagnectic modeling and computer-aided electromagnetic mesurement technique and he is the author of over 80 paper in these areas. He is a Fellow of the IEE and a Chartered Engineer.
Physiological Factors Associated with Falls in Older Community‐Dwelling Women (1994)

These findings support previous results conducted in retirement village and institutional setting and indicate that the test procedure aids in the identification of older community-dwelling women at risk of falls.
Towards writing the encyclopaedia of life: an introduction to DNA barcoding (2005)

An international consortium of major natural history museums, herbaria and other organizations has launched an ambitious project, the 'Barcode of Life Initiative', to promote a process enabling the rapid and inexpensive identification of the estimated 10 million species on Earth. DNA barcoding is a diagnostic technique in which short DNA sequence(s) can be used for species identification. The first international scientific conference on Barcoding of Life was held at the Natural History Museum in London in February 2005, and here we review the scientific challenges discussed during this conference and in previous publications. Although still controversial, the scientific benefits of DNA barcoding include: (i) enabling species identification, including any life stage or fragment, (ii) facilitating species discoveries based on cluster analyses of gene sequences (e.g. cox1 = CO1, in animals), (iii) promoting development of handheld DNA sequencing technology that can be applied in the field for biodiversity inventories and (iv) providing insight into the diversity of life.
NMR studies of renal phosphate metabolites in vivo: effects of hydration and dehydration (1988)

The present study characterizes the 31P-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrum of rabbit kidneys in vivo and evaluates the effect of hydration on phosphorous metabolites including the organic solute glycerophosphorylcholine (GPC). Cortical phosphorylethanolamine is the predominant component of the phosphomonoester region of the 31P spectrum. The contribution of blood to the spectrum is mainly from 2,3 diphosphoglycerate, which comprises approximately 30% of the inorganic phosphate region. Acute infusion of 0.9% saline decreases the sodium content of the inner medulla by greater than 50% in 15 min as shown by 23Na imaging. Despite this medullary Na dilution, no change in renal GPC content was observed for greater than 1 h even with the addition of furosemide (2.5 mg/kg) or furosemide and antidiuretic hormone (0.125 U/kg). However, 20 h of chronic hydration with 0.45% saline did result in a 30% decrease in renal GPC content when compared with dehydrated animals. These findings are consistent with GPC not playing a role in the short-term regulation of the medullary intracellular milieu in response to acute reductions in medullary Na content.
Synthesis of Stable Aragonite Superstructures by a Biomimetic Crystallization Pathway (2005)

Die selektive Keimbildung von Aragonit lässt sich mit Blockcopolymer-Mikrogelen sehr niedriger Konzentration (0.1 ppm) bei Umgebungsbedingungen in Wasser erreichen. Ein Polymertemplatpartikel genügt, um die Bildung eines Rings aus Aragonit-Einkristallen zu steuern, die sich zu einer Garbenstruktur weiterentwickeln (siehe SEM-Bild). Jeder Aragonitkristall wird durch eine äußere amorphe Schicht geschützt, was eine längere Stabilität des Aragonit bewirkt. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2001/2005/z500081_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Azido/Tetrazole Tautomerism in 2‐Azidoadenine β‐<scp>D</scp>‐Pentofuranonucleoside Derivatives (2003)

Abstract The β‐ D ‐ribofuranoside derivative of 2‐azidoadenine and its 2′‐deoxy‐, 2′,3′‐dideoxy‐ and 2′,3′‐dideoxy‐2′,3′‐didehydro counterparts have been synthesized. All these compounds were obtained through the preparation of their 2‐chloro precursors. These were converted into their 2‐hydrazino derivatives, which upon treatment with sodium nitrate in acid medium gave the target nucleosides. The azido/tetrazole tautomerism observed in such nucleoside analogues was studied in detail. The compounds were also tested for their activity against HIV and HBV, but did not show significant antiviral effects. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2003)
Fc receptors for IgG on human neutrophils: analysis of structure and function by using monoclonal antibody probes. (1985)

Structural and functional characteristics of Fc receptors for IgG (Fc gamma) on human neutrophils were examined with two monoclonal antibody probes specific for the Fc gamma receptors, Leu 11b and 3G8. To determine the distribution, density, and membrane mobility of the Fc gamma receptor, we used immunogold staining techniques, flow cytometry analysis, and fluorescence microscopy. Both 3G8 and Leu 11b inhibited several cell functions, thereby depicting the regulatory role of the Fc gamma receptor in mediating neutrophil activities. Among the functions studied were release of lysosomal enzymes, release of superoxide anion (O2-), and Fc-dependent rosette formation and phagocytosis. The densities of Fc gamma determinants recognized by Leu 11b and 3G8 on cells from a patient with chronic myelogenous leukemia were less than the density of epitopes on neutrophils from a normal individual. Taken together, the detailed analysis of physical and functional aspects of the Fc gamma receptor on neutrophils described in this study serve as a model for further assessment of the use of Fc gamma phenotyping of cells as a diagnostic tool.
Oxygen Gauge (1961)

A high temperature galvanic cell which measures oxygen partial pressure is described. Quantitative measurements in the region 1 to 10−5 atm show a nearly linear relationship between the cell emf and the logarithm of the oxygen pressure at temperatures between 600° and 750°C. The cell can measure oxygen pressures in vacuum systems as well as in flowing gas mixtures.
The role of photochemical quenching and antioxidants in photoprotection of Deschampsia antarctica (2004)

Deschampsia antarctica Desv. (Poaceae) is the only grass that grows in the maritime Antarctic. Constant low temperatures and episodes of high light are typical conditions during the growing season at this latitude. These factors enhance the formation of active oxygen species and may cause photoinhibition. Therefore, an efficient mechanism of energy dissipation and / or scavenging of reactive oxygen species (ROS) would contribute to survival in this harsh environment. In this paper, non-acclimated and cold-acclimated D. antarctica were subjected to high light and / or low temperature for 24 h. The contribution of non-photochemical dissipation of excitation light energy and the activities of detoxifying enzymes in the development of resistance to chilling induced photoinhibition were studied by monitoring PSII fluorescence, total soluble antioxidants, and pigments contents and measuring variations in activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD; EC 1.15.1.1), ascorbate peroxidase (APX; EC 1.11.1.11), and glutathione reductase (GR; EC 1.6.4.2). The photochemical efficiency of PSII, measured as F<sub>v</sub> / F <sub>m</sub>, and the yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII) both decreased under high light and low temperatures. In contrast, photochemical quenching (qP) in both non-acclimated and cold-acclimated plants remained relatively constant (approximately 0.8) in high-light-treated plants. Unexpectedly, qP was lower (0.55) in cold-acclimated plants exposed to 4°C and low light intensity. Activity of SOD in cold-acclimated plants treated with high light at low temperature showed a sharp peak 2-4 h after the beginning of the experiment. In cold-acclimated plants APX remained high with all treatments. Activity of GR decreased in cold-acclimated plants. Compared with other plants, D. antarctica exhibited high levels of SOD and APX activity. Pigment analyses show that the xanthophyll cycle is operative in this plant. We propose that photochemical quenching and particularly the high level of antioxidants help D. antarctica to resist photoinhibitory conditions. The relatively high antioxidant capacity of D. antarctica may be a determinant for its survival in the harsh Antarctic environment.
Neuropsychiatric applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation: a meta analysis (2002)

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is a technology that allows for non-invasive modulation of the excitability and function of discrete brain cortical areas. TMS uses alternating magnetic fields to induce electric currents in cortical tissue. In psychiatry, TMS has been studied primarily as a potential treatment for major depression. Most studies indicate that slow-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) and higher frequency rTMS have antidepressant properties. A meta-analysis of controlled studies indicates that this effect is fairly robust from a statistical viewpoint. However, effect sizes are heterogeneous, and few studies have shown that rTMS results in substantial rates of clinical response or remission, and the durability of antidepressant effects is largely unknown. We review in detail rTMS studies in the treatment of depression, as well as summarize treatment studies of mania, obsessive-compulsive disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and schizophrenia. We also review the application of TMS in the study of the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders and summarize studies of the safety of TMS in human subjects.
C: Ordinary differential equations (2004)

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Lower limits to metal-semiconductor contact resistance: Theoretical models and experimental data (2013)

We calculate the minimum feasible contact resistivity to n-type and p-type In0.53Ga0.47As, InAs, GaAs, GaSb, InP, and InSb. The calculations consider image force lowering and assume either parabolic or non-parabolic energy dispersion in the semiconductor; their results are compared with recent experimental data. Among significant results, the measured contact resistivity to n-In0.53Ga0.47As at a carrier concentration of 5 × 1019 cm−3 is only 2.3:1 higher than that calculated assuming a 0.2 eV barrier potential, and the measured contact resistivity is only 9.0:1 larger than the Landauer quantum conductivity limit at this carrier concentration. These results indicate that, with the surface preparation procedures presently employed, surface contamination does not markedly increase the interface resistance, and that the transmission coefficient for carriers crossing the interface exceeds 10%.
Liquid Biopsy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Highlights and Challenges (2019)

Non-small cell lung cancer is one leading cause of death worldwide, and patients would greatly benefit from an early diagnosis. Since targeted and immunotherapies have emerged as novel approaches for more tailored treatments, repeated assessments of the tumor biology have become pivotal to drive clinical decisions. Currently, tumor tissue biopsy is the gold standard to investigate potentially actionable biomarkers, but this procedure is invasive and may prove inadequate to represent the whole malignancy. In this regard, liquid biopsy represents a minimally invasive and more comprehensive option for early detection and investigation of this tumor. Today, cell-free DNA is the only approved circulating marker to select patients for a targeted therapy. Conversely, the other tumor-derived markers (i.e., circulating tumor cells, miRNAs, exosomes, and tumor educated platelets) are still at a pre-clinical phase, although they show promising results for their application in screening programs or as prognostic/predictive biomarkers. The main challenges for their clinical translation are the lack of reliable cutoffs and, especially for miRNAs, the great variability among the studies. Moreover, no established tool has been approved for circulating tumor cells and exosome isolation. Finally, large prospective clinical trials are mandatory to provide evidence of their clinical utility.