gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progression towards AIDS leads to increased torque teno virus and torque teno minivirus titers in tissues of HIV infected individuals (2006)

Torque teno virus (TTV) and Torque teno minivirus (TTMV) are highly prevalent in the general population and although no disease has been associated with these viruses yet, co-infections with other pathological viruses are frequent. Both viruses are extremely heterogeneous, especially for DNA viruses, and the role of the immune system in controlling the infections has yet to be established. In this study the TTV/TTMV viral loads in HIV positive tissues have been investigated for the first time. The titers of both TTV and TTMV were compared in the bone marrow and spleen tissues from three groups: HIV negative individuals, HIV positive individuals and HIV positive individuals who had progressed to AIDS, leading to immunosuppression. Limiting dilution PCR using primers situated in the UTR region of the genome were used to semi-quantitate the virus, and TTV and TTMV were differentiated using melting curve analysis of the PCR product. The AIDS group had significantly higher titers compared with both the HIV positive and negative groups for both bone marrow (AIDS vs. HIV positive P = 0.006, AIDS vs. HIV negative P < 0.001) and spleen (AIDS vs. HIV positive P = 0.022, AIDS vs. HIV negative P < 0.001). Analysis of TTV/TTMV titer with CD4 T lymphocyte count showed a significant inverse correlation however neither HCV co-infection or type of Anellovirus infection (single TTV or TTMV, or mixed TTV/TTMV) showed any significant correlation with virus titer. The results show a link between deterioration of the immune system and increased the viral loads in studied tissues.
Enthalpies of Sublimation of Organic and Organometallic Compounds. 1910–2001 (2002)

A compendium of sublimation enthalpies, published within the period 1910–2001 (over 1200 references), is reported. A brief review of the temperature adjustments for the sublimation enthalpies from the temperature of measurement to the standard reference temperature, 298.15 K, is included, as are recently suggested values for several reference materials. Sublimation enthalpies are included for organic, organometallic, and a few inorganic compounds.
Economics of Light Pollution (1991)

ABSTRACT Little attention has been directed toward the environmental and economic costs of light pollution. We estimate that 2.5 percent of the total United States electricity production is expended on nighttime outdoor lighting. About 30 percent of all outdoor nighttime lighting ends up in the night sky. This is equivalent to 17.4 billion kilowatt-hours of electricity, more than the individual electrical production of many countries, including Chile, Cuba, Hungary, Ireland, Indonesia, Israel, Libya, Peru, Syria, or Vietnam. About one half of light pollution arises from direct upward lighting and one half from reflections off the ground and buildings. Light pollution directly costs the country at least a billion dollars a year in unnecessary electricity charges, in addition to the associated environmental harm from the mining and burning of fossil fuels to generate this wasted electricity. The equivalent of 8.2 million tons of coal (or 30 million barrels of oil) are burned annually in the United States simply to light up the night sky . The proper use of full cut-off shielding, timers, and appropriate light levels, if widely instituted, could reduce the overall urban sky glow by at least a factor of four in the next few decades.
Stereophonic Listening and Speech Intelligibility against Voice Babble (1958)

The utilization of a particular form of stereophonic information was studied with respect to the intelligibility of a single speech source heard in the presence of a voice babble of other speakers. The reception of monosyllabic words, presented against a babble of 1, 2, 4, or 7 talkers, was compared under two listening conditions: (1) In the stereophonic listening condition, one set of background talkers was presented to one earphone, another set of background talkers was presented to the other earphone, and the test words were presented binaurally, in phase; (2) In the control listening condition, only a single set of background talkers, and the test words, were presented to a single ear. The stereophonic advantage, for 50% word intelligibility, ranged from 12 db with 1 background voice per channel to 5.5 db with 7 background voices per channel.
Requirements and Use Cases for Virtual Network Functions (2014)

Network function appliances such as subscriber termination, firewalls,
tunnel switching, intrusion detection, and routing are currently
provided using dedicated network function hardware. As network
function is migrated from dedicated hardware platforms into a
virtualized environment, a set of use cases with application specific
resilience requirements begin to emerge. These use cases and
requirements cover a broad range of capabilities and objectives, which
will require detailed investigation and documentation in order to
identify relevant architecture, protocol and procedure solutions to
ensure reliance of user services using virtualized functions. This
document provides an analysis of the key reliability requirements for
applications and functions that may be hosted within a virtualized
environment. These NFV engineering requirements are based on a variety
of uses cases and goals , which include reliability scalability,
performance, operation and automation. Note that this document is not
intended to provide or recommend protocol solutions.
Studies on inverter-fed five-phase induction motor drive (1988)

The advantages of higher-phase-order drives are reviewed, and results of investigations of a five-pulse inverter-fed induction motor are presented. Methods of improving the waveform of the motor phase current in the five-phase drive are examined theoretically as well as experimentally. A mathematical model based on complex symmetrical components is developed for theoretical investigations, and a prototype five-phase inverter-fed induction motor drive is fabricated to conduct experimental studies. Theoretical and experimental results under various operating modes are presented. The studies establish that the five-phase drive operates satisfactorily when it is fed from a pulsewidth-modulated inverter.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Kafka, Samza and the Unix Philosophy of Distributed Data (2015)

Apache Kafka is a scalable message broker, and Apache Samza is a stream processing framework built upon Kafka. They are widely used as infrastructure for implementing personalized online services and real-time predictive analytics. Besides providing high throughput and low latency, Kafka and Samza are designed with operational robustness and long-term maintenance of applications in mind. In this paper we explain the reasoning behind the design of Kafka and Samza, which allow complex applications to be built by composing a small number of simple primitives – replicated logs and stream operators. We draw parallels between the design of Kafka and Samza, batch processing pipelines, database architecture, and the design philosophy of Unix.
Synthesis of highly isotactic (<i>mm</i> > 0.70) polyacrylonitrile by anionic polymerization using diethylberyllium as a main initiator (1994)

Abstract An attempt was made to synthesize steroregular polyacrylonitrile (PAN) with a high triad isotacticity (i.e. the content of mm (m, meso) ) exceeding 0.70 by the anionic polymerization method. In the stereospecific polymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) initiated by diethylberyllium (Et 2 Be) in xylene at 130°C, the ( mm ) content as well as the viscosity‐average molecular weight (MÞ v ) of PAN increased by addition of diisobutylaluminum hydride (i‐C 4 H 9 ) 2 AlH) as an additive to the polymerization system. Maximum ( mm ) content, attained in the molar ratio region of (i‐C 4 H 9 ) 2 AlH/Et 2 Be > 1.0, was about 0.73. The stereospecific polymerization of AN was also initiated using a mixture of Et 2 Be and di‐ n ‐hexylamagnesium ((Et 2 Be/( n ‐C 6 H 13 ) 2 Mg system), where both Et 2 Be and ( n ‐C 6 H 13 ) 2 Mg can induce the stereospecific polymerization of AN at 130°C. The ( mm ) content of the PAN sample prepared using the Et 2 Be/( n ‐C 6 H 13 ) 2 Mg system (( mm ) = 0.64) was higher than that of PAN samples synthesized using Et 2 Be alone (( mm ) = 0.56) and ( n ‐C 6 H 13 ) 2 Mg alone (( mm ) = 0.51) under the same conditions except initiator. A significant difference in 13 C chemical shifts of α‐carbons between Et 2 Be (1.35 ppm) and ( n ‐C 6 H 13 ) 2 Mg (10.72 ppm) dissolved in hydrocarbon solvent at 110°C leads us to the conclusion that when Et 2 Be induces the stereospecific polymerization in the Et 2 Be/( n ‐C 6 H 13 ) 2 Mg system as initiator, the main role of ( n ‐C 6 H 13 ) 2 Mg is considered to be the suppression of the association of Et 2 Be (active site) itself.
Förderung des freiwilligen Engagements und der Selbsthilfe in Kommunen: kommunale Umfrage und Befragung von Selbsthilfekontaktstellen, Freiwilligenagenturen und Seniorenbüros zur Förderpraxis und zur künftigen Unterstützung des freiwilligen Engagements (2001)

"Erstmals liegen aus der im Projekt 'Förderung des freiwilligen Engagements und\nder Selbsthilfe in Kommunen' durchgeführten kommunalen Umfrage und der\nBefragung der 580 Anlaufstellen für freiwilliges Engagement in Deutschland\nempirisch gesicherte Erkenntnisse zur Praxis und zu den Zielen der Engagementförderung\nvon Kommunen vor.\nDie vergleichende Befragung von Freiwilligenagenturen, Seniorenbüros und\nSelbsthilfekontaktstellen konnte zeigen, welche Gemeinsamkeiten und Unterschiede\nzwischen ihnen bestehen, im Hinblick auf ihr Aufgabenprofil und ihre Tätigkeiten; die von ihnen informierten und beratenen Bürger/innen; die unterstützten Organisationsformen des freiwilligen Engagements, also Vereine, Selbsthilfegruppen, Verbände und Einrichtungen; ihre Ressourcenausstattung und Finanzierung.\nDie Erkenntnisse zur gegenwärtigen Situation der Engagement unterstützenden\nInfrastruktur in Kommunen bieten eine gute Basis für eine zukunftsgerichtete\nWeiterentwicklung der bisherigen Anlaufstellen für freiwilliges Engagement und\nSelbsthilfe.\nDie insbesondere von Kommunen für notwendig gehaltene Erweiterung des Aufgaben-\nund Leistungsprofils der bisherigen Anlaufstellen, das sich an alle Bürger/\ninnen in allen Engagementbereichen wendet, verbessert die Chancen ihrer\nfinanziellen Absicherung und der Erreichbarkeit durch die an freiwilligem Engagement\nInteressierten." (Textauszug)
Firewall-Friendly FTP (1994)

This memo describes a suggested change to the behavior of FTP client programs. No protocol modifications are required, though we outline some that might be useful.
Cytosolic Redistribution of Cytochrome C after Transient Focal Cerebral Ischemia in Rats (1998)

Recent in vitro cell-free studies have shown that cytochrome c release from mitochondria is a critical step in the apoptotic process. The present study examined the expression of cytochrome c protein after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats, in which apoptosis was assumed to contribute to the expansion of the ischemic lesion. In situ labeling of DNA breaks in frozen sections after 90 minutes of middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion showed a significant number of striatal and cortical neurons, which were maximized at 24 hours after ischemia, exhibiting chromatin condensation, nuclear segmentation, and apoptotic bodies. Cytosolic localization of cytochrome c was detected immunohistochemically in the ischemic area as early as 4 hours after 90 minutes of MCA occlusion. Western blot analysis of the cytosolic fraction revealed a strong single 15-kDa band, characteristic of cytochrome c, only in the samples from the ischemic hemisphere. Western blot analysis of the mitochondrial fraction showed a significant amount of mitochondrial cytochrome c in nonischemic brain, which was decreased in ischemic brain 24 hours after ischemia. These results provide the first evidence that cytochrome c is being released from mitochondria to the cytosol after transient focal ischemia. Although further evaluation is necessary to elucidate its correlation with DNA fragmentation, our results suggest the possibility that cytochrome c release may play a role in DNA-damaged neuronal cell death after transient focal cerebral ischemia in rats.
HA-1 AND THE SMCY-DERIVED PEPTIDE FIDSYICQV (H-Y) ARE IMMUNODOMINANT MINOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS AFTER BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION1 (1998)

Some histocompatibility antigens are recognized in an immunodominant fashion and will therefore be recognized in the majority of mismatched combinations. Only for such antigens, correlations between mismatches and the occurrence of GVHD or graft rejections will be found.
Trade and transport facilitation - improving the investment climate in Southeastern Europe (2004)

The high transaction costs and uncertainties of trade in Southeast Europe have been major constraints on economic recovery and development in the region. Barriers including long waiting times at borders and demands for informal payments at border crossing points, have seriously limited the investment climate and access to new opportunities for employment. These constraints have discouraged foreign investment, reduced profits for local firms, reduced employment opportunities, and increased costs for imported goods. The Trade and Transport Facilitation in Southeast Europe (TTFSE) program tried a new approach to reducing transaction costs, opening up opportunities, and improving the investment climate. The approach is working. A program that sought to reduce non-tariff trade costs and corruption at border crossing points had to be regional in structure. Simultaneously undertaking systemic reform of the multiple Customs administrations and other border control agencies in the region was highly risky. In designing the TTFSE, therefore, the World Bank team preparing the eight projects (for Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Macedonia, Moldova, Romania, and Serbia and Montenegro) strategically focused on the introduction of reform at selected pilot sites in each of the countries. The program approached its objectives by supporting Customs reform; strengthening the mechanisms of interaction, cooperation, and communication among border control agencies and between these agencies and the trading community; disseminating information and providing training to the private sector; financing infrastructure and equipment at selected border crossings; and implementing an integrated set of new Customs procedures, information technology, and human resource management.
Speech analysis/synthesis and modification using an analysis-by-synthesis/overlap-add sinusoidal model (1997)

Sinusoidal modeling has been successfully applied to a broad range of speech processing problems, and offers advantages over linear predictive modeling and the short-time Fourier transform for speech analysis/synthesis and modification. This paper presents a novel speech analysis/synthesis system based on the combination of an overlap-add sinusoidal model with an analysis-by-synthesis technique to determine the model parameters. It describes this analysis procedure in detail, and introduces an equivalent frequency-domain algorithm that takes advantage of the computational efficiency of the fast Fourier transform (FFT). In addition, a refined overlap-add sinusoidal model capable of shape-invariant speech modification is derived, and a pitch-scale modification algorithm is defined that preserves speech bandwidth and eliminates noise migration effects. Analysis-by-synthesis achieves very high synthetic speech quality by accurately estimating the component frequencies, eliminating sidelobe interference effects, and effectively dealing with nonstationary speech events. The refined overlap-add synthesis model correlates well with analysis-by-synthesis, and modifies speech without objectionable artifacts by explicitly controlling shape invariance and phase coherence. The proposed analysis-by-synthesis/overlap-add (ABS/OLA) system allows for both fixed and time-varying time-, frequency-, and pitch-scale modifications, and computational shortcuts using the FFT algorithm make its implementation feasible using currently available hardware.
Novelty of Vinylidene-Terminated Polypropylene Prepared by a MgCl<sub>2</sub>-Supported TiCl<sub>4</sub> Catalyst Combined with AlEt<sub>3</sub> as Cocatalyst (1997)

Propene polymerization was conducted by a MgCl2/diisobutyl phthalate/TiCl4 catalyst combined with AlEt3 as cocatalyst. The polymerization was quenched by oxygen gas, and the polymer was fractionated into atactic and isotactic parts with boiling heptane. Each part was analyzed by 1H NMR. The spectra showed the resonances of vinylidene, vinyl, and hydroxymethylene groups, whose intensities were strongly dependent on the polymerization temperature and the stereoregularity. Raising the polymerization temperature increased the intensity of the hydroxymethylene group in both parts. The relative intensity of the hydroxymethylene to that of the vinylidene group was much higher in the atactic parts. These results suggest that the rates of β-hydrogen transfer and transfer by AlEt3 should be affected by the stereospecificity of the active species as well as polymerization conditions. Heat treatment at 120 °C in the presence of 1-octene quantitatively converted the terminal aluminum−carbon bond to a vinylidene group.
Hydroformylation of unsaturated fatty esters (1969)

Abstract Unsaturated fatty esters and vegetable oils were hydroformylated with H 2 and CO (3500–4600 psi) and Co 2 (CO) 8 to give fatty aldehydes at 100–110 C and fatty alcohols at 175–190 C. Yields of distillable C 19 oxo products varied from 42% to 84%. Distilled products contained from 50% to 90% branched isomers and from 4% to 16% linear isomers. The proportion of linear isomers increased at higher reaction temperatures and in the presence of tributylphosphine‐cobalt carbonyl complex. Linear and branched hydroxy products were separated by silicic acid column, thin‐layer, and gas‐liquid chromatography. The linear hydroxy product (from oleate and linoleate) was identified as methyl 19‐hydroxynonadecanoate by nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Isomeric branched products were analyzed by mass spectrometry as the diester derivatives. They were identified as a mixture of 5‐ to 13‐carbomethoxy methyl octadecanoate.
<i>Basics of Interferometry</i> (1993)

Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation P. Hariharan, Katherine Creath; Basics of Interferometry. Physics Today 1 January 1993; 46 (1): 75. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2808787 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentPhysics Today Search Advanced Search
Random unit-test generation with MUT-aware sequence recommendation (2010)

A key component of automated object-oriented unit-test generation is to find method-call sequences that generate desired inputs of a method under test (MUT). Previous work cannot find desired sequences effectively due to the large search space of possible sequences. To address this issue, we present a MUT-aware sequence recommendation approach called RecGen to improve the effectiveness of random object-oriented unit-test generation. Unlike existing random testing approaches that select sequences without considering how a MUT may use inputs generated from sequences, RecGen analyzes object fields accessed by a MUT and recommends a short sequence that mutates these fields. In addition, for MUTs whose test generation keeps failing, RecGen recommends a set of sequences to cover all the methods that mutate object fields accessed by the MUT. This technique further improves the chance of generating desired inputs. We have implemented RecGen and evaluated it on three libraries. Evaluation results show that RecGen improves code coverage over previous random testing tools.
Zonal image analysis of tumour vascular perfusion, hypoxia, and necrosis (2002)

A number of laboratories are utilising both hypoxia and perfusion markers to spatially quantify tumour oxygenation and vascular distributions, and scientists are increasingly turning to automated image analysis methods to quantify such interrelationships. In these studies, the presence of regions of necrosis in the immunohistochemical sections remains a potentially significant source of error. In the present work, frozen MCa-4 mammary tumour sections were used to obtain a series of corresponding image montages. Total vessels were identified using CD31 staining, perfused vessels by DiOC(7) staining, hypoxia by EF5/Cy3 uptake, and necrosis by haematoxylin and eosin staining. Our goal was to utilise image analysis techniques to spatially quantitate hypoxic marker binding as a function of distance from the nearest blood vessel. Several refinements to previous imaging methods are described: (1) hypoxia marker images are quantified in terms of their intensity levels, thus providing an analysis of the gradients in hypoxia with increasing distances from blood vessels, (2) zonal imaging masks are derived, which permit spatial sampling of images at precisely defined distances from blood vessels, as well as the omission of necrotic artifacts, (3) thresholding techniques are applied to omit holes in the tissue sections, and (4) distance mapping is utilised to define vascular spacing.
Welded Electrochromic Conductive Polymer Nanofibers by Electrostatic Spinning (2005)

Welded conducting polymer nanofibers (see Figure) with rapid electrochromic switching speeds have been prepared by electrospinning a soluble precursor polymer with pendant heterocycles into nanofibers which are subsequently crosslinked via solid-state oxidative crosslinking. The switching speeds between the oxidized and neutral states for these nanofiber mats is about twenty times faster than electrochemically prepared conducting polymer films. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2089/2005/c0577_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Numerical Analysis of Piezoelectric Active Repair in the Presence of Frictional Contact Conditions (2013)

The increasing development of smart materials, such as piezoelectric and shape memory alloys, has opened new opportunities for improving repair techniques. Particularly, active repairs, based on the converse piezoelectric effect, can increase the life of a structure by reducing the crack opening. A deep characterization of the electromechanical behavior of delaminated composite structures, actively repaired by piezoelectric patches, can be achieved by considering the adhesive layer between the host structure and the repair and by taking into account the frictional contact between the crack surfaces. In this paper, Boundary Element (BE) analyses performed on delaminated composite structures repaired by active piezoelectric patches are presented. A two-dimensional boundary integral formulation for piezoelectric solids based on the multi-domain technique to model the composite host damaged structures and the bonded piezoelectric patches is employed. An interface spring model is also implemented to take into account the finite stiffness of the bonding layers and to model the frictional contact between the delamination surfaces, by means of an iterative procedure. The effect of the adhesive between the plies of piezoelectric bimorph devices on the electromechanical response is first pointed out for both sensing and actuating behavior. Then, the effect of the frictional contact condition on the fracture mechanics behavior of actively repaired delaminated composite structures is investigated.