gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Relapse of chronic myeloid leukemia after allogeneic bone marrow transplant: the case for giving donor leukocyte transfusions before the onset of hematologic relapse (1994)

Abstract Fourteen patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) relapsing after allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT) were treated with leukocyte transfusions from the original marrow donor (sibling, n = 9; volunteer unrelated, n = 5). The relapse was defined at the molecular level in two cases, cytogenetically in five cases and hematologically in seven cases. Ten patients responded, seven of seven patients with cytogenetic/molecular relapse compared with three of seven with hematologic relapse (P < .03). All five recipients of cells from unrelated donors responded. Eight of the 10 responders have achieved polymerase chain reaction-negative status and this persisted in three patients for more than 2 years; no responder has shown sign of relapse. Reversible marrow aplasia occurred in two patients, both treated in hematologic relapse. Severe graft-versus-host disease occurred in four patients and was fatal in one. We confirm previous reports that donor leukocyte transfusions are effective in the management of CML in relapse after BMT. In this series, therapeutic intervention before the onset of hematologic relapse was associated with an increased likelihood of response and no marrow aplasia.
The salivary secretome of the biting midge,<i>Culicoides sonorensis</i> (2014)

Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are hematophagous insects with over 1400 species distributed throughout the world. Many of these species are of particular agricultural importance as primary vectors of bluetongue and Schmallenberg viruses, yet little is known about Culicoides genomics and proteomics. Detailed studies of members from other blood-feeding Dipteran families, including those of mosquito (Culicidae) and black fly (Simuliidae), have shown that protein components within the insect's saliva facilitate the blood feeding process. To determine the protein components in Culicoides sonorensis midges, secreted saliva was collected for peptide sequencing by tandem mass spectrometry. Forty-five secreted proteins were identified, including members of the D7 odorant binding protein family, Kunitz-like serine protease inhibitors, maltase, trypsin, and six novel proteins unique to C. sonorensis. Identifying the complex myriad of proteins in saliva from blood-feeding Dipteran species is critical for understanding their role in blood feeding, arbovirus transmission, and possibly the resulting disease pathogenesis.
864. The reaction between styrene oxide and malonic ester (1964)

P. M. G. Bavin, D. P. Hansell and R. G. W. Spickett, J. Chem. Soc., 1964, 4535 DOI: 10.1039/JR9640004535
Teflon and Sapphire Cell for Optical Absorption Studies under High Pressure (1961)

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Alpha interferon (2b) in combination with zidovudine for the treatment of presymptomatic feline leukemia virus-induced immunodeficiency syndrome (1990)

The therapeutic efficacies of human recombinant alpha interferon (IFN-alpha), IFN-alpha plus zidovudine (AZT), and AZT alone were evaluated in presymptomatic cats with established feline leukemia virus (FeLV)-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (FAIDS) infection and high levels of persistent antigenemia. Subcutaneous injection of 1.6 x 10(6) U of human recombinant IFN-alpha 2b per kg delivered peak concentrations in plasma of 3,600 U/ml at 2 h postadministration with a half-life of elimination of 2.9 h. This dosage of IFN-alpha could be delivered to cats for up to 12 weeks without significant clinical toxicity. Oral administration of AZT (20 mg/kg three times daily) resulted in peak concentrations in plasma of 3 micrograms/ml at 2 h with a half-life of elimination of approximately 1.60 h. Treatment of FeLV-FAIDS-infected cats with IFN-alpha, either alone or in combination with orally administered AZT, resulted in significant decreases in circulating p27 core antigen beginning 2 weeks after the initiation of therapy. AZT alone had no effect on circulating virus antigen. Depending upon whether high (1.6 x 10(6) U/kg)- or low (1.6 x 10(4) to 1.6 x 10(5) U/kg)-dosage IFN-alpha was used, cats became refractory to therapy 3 or 7 weeks after the beginning of treatment. At these times, IFN-alpha-treated animals developed antibodies to IFN-alpha that were neutralizing, specific for human recombinant IFN-alpha, and dose dependent in magnitude. The results of this study indicate that human recombinant IFN-alpha is effective in reducing circulating virus antigenic load in cats persistently infected with FeLV-FAIDS. However, the continued efficacy of IFN-alpha therapy appeared to be limited by the formation of cytokine-specific neutralizing antibodies.
2-D velocity inversion/imaging of large offset seismic data via the tau-p domain (1993)

Abstract We describe a method for determining a two-dimensional (2-D) velocity field from refraction data that has been decomposed into some function of slowness. The most common decomposition, intercept time-slowness or tau - p, is used as an intermediate step in an iterative wavefield continuation procedure previously applied to one-dimensional (1-D) velocity inversions. We extend the 1-D approach to 2-D by performing the downward continuation along numerically computed raypaths. This allows a correction to be made for the change in ray parameter induced by 2-D velocity fields. A best fitting velocity model is chosen as a surface defined by critically reflected and refracted energy that has been downward continued into a three dimensional (3-D) space of velocity, offset, and depth. Synthetic data are used to demonstrate how this approach can compensate for the effects of known lateral inhomogeneities while determining an underlying 1-D velocity field. We also use synthetic data to show how multiple refraction lines may be used to determine a general 2-D velocity model. Large offset field data collected with an Ocean Bottom Hydrophone are used to illustrate this technique in an area of significant lateral heterogeneity caused by a sloping seafloor.
Electrostatic spray deposition (ESD) of calcium phosphate coatings (2003)

Using electrostatic spray deposition (ESD), thin calcium phosphate layers were deposited onto commercially pure cp-Ti substrates. ESD is a thin-film technique that enables the deposition of inorganic thin films onto metallic substrates using a simple and cheap experimental set-up. The results show that coating structure and morphology can be tailored by choosing the appropriate combination of deposition parameters. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that various surface morphologies, ranging from dense to very porous coatings, can be obtained. Particularly interesting was a unique reticular coating morphology characterized by a three-dimensionally interconnected pore network. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR) analyses showed that crystalline carbonate apatite coatings were formed after heat treatment of as-deposited ESD coatings.
The Effect of C and N on the Properties of Fe–Cr–Mo Ferritic Stainless Steels (1972)

The effect that C and N contents have on the toughness of Fe–Cr–Mo alloys has been known for some time, but only recently have vacuum melting and inert-gas or inert-gas-vacuum combination refining process between developed to the point where low interstitial ferritic stainless steels are commercially attractive engineering materials. This paper reviews the effects of C and N contents on various properties of Fe–Cr–Mo alloys in which the interstitial level varies over the range 50–1000 ppm. The alloys are divided into two classes: 25Cr–Mo and 18Cr–Mo. The properties studied included toughness, welded ductility, resistance to intergranular corrosion, and resistance to pitting corrosion. Some of the higher Mo alloys presented interesting problems since heat treatments used to negate the effects of carbide and nitride precipitation produced undesirable phases. This problem could be avoided in the higher purity alloys by using high temperature annealing treatments. The amount of C and N that can be tolerated before these ferritic stainless steels become susceptible to intergranular corrosion after welding is a function of their Mo and Cr contents with the more highly alloyed material having the higher limits. Both Ti and Nb can be used to stabilize less pure steels against intergranular corrosion, but both C and N must be considered in determining the proper addition. Although stabilizing additions appear to improve the as-welded ductility of less pure Fe-Cr-Mo alloys, they do not improve their annealed toughness. Generally speaking, purer alloys have better resistance to pitting corrosion.
Efficient Generation of Antigen-Specific Cytotoxic T Cells Using Retrovirally Transduced CD40-Activated B Cells (2002)

The development of rapid, efficient, and safe methods for generating Ag-specific T cells is necessary for the clinical application of adoptive immunotherapy. We show that B cells stimulated with CD40 ligand and IL-4 (CD40-B cells) can be efficiently transduced with retroviral vectors encoding a model Ag, CMV tegument protein pp65 gene, and maintain high levels of costimulatory molecules after gene transfer. CTL lines specific for pp65 were readily generated in all four healthy CMV-seropositive donors by stimulating autologous CD8(+) T cells with these transduced CD40-B cells, both of which were derived from 10 ml peripheral blood. ELISPOT assays revealed that the CTL lines used multiple HLA alleles as restricting elements. Thus, CD40-B cells transduced retrovirally with Ag-encoding cDNA can be potent APC and facilitate to generate Ag-specific CTL in vitro.
Initial testing (stage 1) of a monoclonal antibody (SCH 717454) against the IGF‐1 receptor by the pediatric preclinical testing program (2008)

SCH 717454 demonstrated broad antitumor activity against the PPTP's in vivo solid tumor panels. Further characterization of the molecular predictors of response and of the activity of combinations of SCH 717454 with other anticancer agents are anticipated.
Selective Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indazolin-3-ones without N-1 Protection (1997)

N-2-Alkylation of indazolin-3-ones was performed in neutral conditions.This method represents a direct and efficient entry to a class of compounds having interesting biological activities, avoiding the generally required N-1 protection.Indazolin-:-one (or indazol-3-01) derivatives have several biological activities.The analgesic and/or antiinflammatory properties of benzydamine and benzadac (0-substituted I-benzylindazolol derivatives) are well established,' and, on the other hand, the antihyperlipidemic activity2 and the potential use as 5lipoxygenase inhibitors3 of some 2-substituted indazolinones have been reported in recent years..A number of I-substituted indazolols and 2-substituted indazolinones recently prepared4 as open-chain analogues of some cytostatic hsed indazolinoness have been found to display, in general, low activity values.The chemistry of indazolols and indazolinones has been extensively reviewed by Baiocchi et al.' Whilst 1substituted indazolols are easily available in high yields'.' by direct alkylation of the parent indazolin-3-one in basic conditions, the preparation of 2-substituted indazolinones is not possible by direct alkylationl and requires either tedious N-1-protectioddeprotection strategies or the cyclization from precursors b
The diversity of the immune response to the A2 domain of human factor VIII (2013)

Approximately 30% of patients with severe hemophilia A develop inhibitory anti-factor VIII (fVIII) antibodies (Abs). We characterized 29 anti-human A2 monoclonal Abs (mAbs) produced in a murine hemophilia A model. A basis set of nonoverlapping mAbs was defined by competition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, producing 5 major groups. The overlapping epitopes covered nearly the entire A2 surface when mapped by homolog-scanning mutagenesis. Most group A mAbs recognized a previously described epitope bounded by Arg484-Ile508 in the N-terminal A2 subdomain, resulting in binding to activated fVIII and noncompetitive inhibition of the intrinsic fXase complex. Group B and C mAbs displayed little or no inhibitory activity. Group D and E mAbs recognized epitopes in the C-terminal A2 subdomain. A subset of group D mAbs inhibited the activation of fVIII by interfering with thrombin-catalyzed cleavage at Arg372 at the A1-A2 domain junction. Other group D mAbs displayed indeterminate or no inhibitory activity despite inhibiting cleavage at Arg740 at the A2-B domain junction. Group E mAbs inhibited fVIII light-chain cleavage at Arg1689. Inhibition of cleavages at Arg372 and Arg1689 represent novel mechanisms of inhibitor function and, along with the extensive epitope spectrum identified in this study, reveal hitherto unrecognized complexity in the immune response to fVIII.
Radio frequency link used in partially-implanted auditory prosthesis (2002)

The class D narrow-band amplifiers can be used in the amplifier line of auditory prostheses. Some of design considerations are given based on this particular application and the efficiency analysis is made in this paper. We compare the performances of a class D scheme with another amplifier which works in class DE. The plots resulted by simulations with PSPICE of some circuits led to the selection of a particular scheme.
BRCA2 in American families with four or more cases of breast or ovarian cancer: recurrent and novel mutations, variable expression, penetrance, and the possibility of families whose cancer is not attributable to BRCA1 or BRCA2. (1997)

In order to evaluate the role of inherited BRCA2 mutations in American families--particularly the appearance in America of European founder mutations--the BRCA2 coding sequence, 5' UTR, and 3' UTR were screened in 22 Caucasian American kindreds with four or more cases of breast or ovarian cancer. Six mutations were found that cause a premature-termination codon; four of them have been reported elsewhere, and two are novel. In the four families with previously seen mutations, the distinct lineages at high risk of cancer were of Dutch, German, Irish, and Ashkenazi Jewish ancestry; mutations in Europe reflect these ancestries. The families with novel mutations were Puerto Rican Hispanic (exon 9 deletion 995delCAAAT) and Ashkenazi Jewish (exon 11 deletion 6425delTT). Among female BRCA2-mutation carriers, risks of breast cancer were 32% by age 50 years, 67% by age 70 years, and 80% by age 90 years, yielding a lifetime risk similar to that for BRCA1 but an older distribution of ages at onset. BRCA2 families also included multiple cases of cancers of the male breast (six cases), ovary (three cases), fallopian tube (two cases), pancreas (three cases), bladder (two cases), and prostate (two cases). Among 17 Ashkenazi Jewish families with four or more breast or ovarian cancers, 9 families (including 3 with ovarian cancer and 1 with male breast cancer) carried none of the three ancient mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. To date, both BRCA2 and BRCA1 have been screened by SSCA, supplemented by the protein-truncation test, in 48 families with four or more breast or ovarian cancers. Mutations have been detected in BRCA1 in 33 families, in BRCA2 in 6 families, and in neither gene in 9 families, suggesting both the probable cryptic nature of some mutations and the likelihood of at least one other BRCA gene.
Presence of δ-( <scp>l</scp> -α-Aminoadipyl)- <scp>l</scp> -Cysteinyl- <scp>d</scp> -Valine in Fermentations of <i>Penicillium chrysogenum</i> (1975)

Cultures of Penicillium chrysogenum, growth with [(35)S]sulfate or labeled amino acids, were examined by ion-exchange chromatography for possible peptidic precursors of penicillin. A sulfur-containing compound, present in both the mycelial extracts and the culture filtrates, was eluted at the location of the synthetic lld-tripeptide delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteinyl-d-valine. Since this compound was also labeled when the cultures were incubated with dl-[6-(14)C]alpha-aminoadipic acid, l-[3,3'-(3)H]cystine, or dl-[1-(14)C]valine, its identity with the synthetic lld-tripeptide can be accepted. No delta-(l-alpha-aminoadipyl)-l-cysteine or lll-tripeptide were detected. The implications of these findings for tripeptide and penicillin biosynthesis are discussed.
Electrically Conductive Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hybrid Films Containing Graphene and Layered Double Hydroxide Fabricated via Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly (2010)

In this work, single-layer layered double hydroxide (LDH) nanosheets were prepared by exfoliation of highly crystalline Co−Al−NO3 LDH. Graphene oxide (GO) nanosheets were prepared by the exfoliation of natural graphite oxides in water. By utilizing the hydrogen-bonding layer-by-layer self-assembly method, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hybrid films with highly oriented GO and LDH were fabricated. By a simple and effective in situ reduction process, multilayer nanocomposite films containing monolayer dispersed graphene and LDHs can be obtained. It was found that the π-conjugation network within the graphene nanosheets was gradually recovered during the reduction process and a critical time for the formation of conductive paths for electron transfer was obtained. The relatively complete reduced hybrid film exhibited significantly improved electrical conductivity compared with the unreduced one. These heterogeneous composite films with monolayer dispersed and aligned graphene and LDHs are expected to find potential applications in electrodes and multifunctional nanocomposites.
Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Deteriorated Psoriasis Is Associated with the Upregulation of Lox-1 Receptor and Il-23 Expression In Vivo and In Vitro (2018)

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disease. Even though scientists predict that abnormalities in lipid metabolism play an important role in the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the actual underlying mechanisms are still unclear. Therefore, understanding the possible relationship between mechanisms of the occurrence of psoriasis and dyslipidemia is an important issue that may lead to the development of effective therapies. Under this principle, we investigated the influences of hyperlipidemia in imiquimod (IMQ)-induced psoriasis-like B6.129S2-<i>Apoe<sup>tm1Unc</sup></i>/J mice and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) in tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated Hacat cells. In our study, we showed that a high-cholesterol diet aggravated psoriasis-like phenomena in IMQ-treated B6.129S2-<i>Apoe<sup>tm1Unc</sup></i>/J mice. In vitro analysis showed that oxLDL increased keratinocyte migration and lectin-type oxLDL receptor 1 (LOX-1) expression. Evidence suggested that interleukin (IL)-23 was a main cytokine in the pathogenesis of psoriasis. High-cholesterol diet aggravated IL-23 expression in IMQ-treated B6.129S2-<i>Apoe<sup>tm1Unc</sup></i>/J mice, and oxLDL induced IL-23 expression mediated by LOX-1 in TNF-α-stimulated Hacat cells. Therefore, it will be interesting to investigate the factors for the oxLDL induction of LOX-1 in psoriasis. LOX-1 receptor expression may be another novel treatment option for psoriasis and might represent the most promising strategy.
Inhibition of Cytokine-Induced Microvascular Arrest of Tumor Cells by Recombinant Endostatin Prevents Experimental Hepatic Melanoma Metastasis (2004)

We investigated effects of endostatin (ES) in the prometastatic microenvironment of inflammation occurring during the microvascular phase of cancer cell infiltration in the liver. We used a model of intrasplenic injection of B16 melanoma (B16M) cells leading to hepatic metastasis through vascular cell adhesion molecule-(VCAM-1)-mediated capillary arrest of cancer cells via interleukin-18 (IL-18)-dependent mechanism. We show that administration of 50 mg/kg recombinant human (rh) ES 30 min before B16M, plus repetition of same dose for 3 additional days decreased metastasis number by 60%. A single dose of rhES before B16M injection reduced hepatic microvascular retention of luciferase-transfected B16M by 40% and inhibited hepatic production of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and IL-18 and VCAM-1 expression by hepatic sinusoidal endothelia (HSE). Consistent with these data, rhES inhibited VCAM-1-dependent B16M cell adhesion to primary cultured HSE receiving B16M conditioned medium, and it abolished the HSE cell production of TNF-alpha and IL-18 induced by tumor-derived vascular endothelial cell growth factor (VEGF). rhES abrogated recombinant murine VEGF-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of KDR/flk-1 receptor in HSE cells, preventing the proinflammatory action of tumor-derived VEGF on HSE. rhES also abolished hepatic production of TNF-alpha, microvascular retention of luciferase-transfected B16M, and adhesion of B16M cells to isolated HSE cells, all of them induced in mice given 5 micro g/kg recombinant murine VEGF for 18 h. This capillary inflammation-deactivating capability constitutes a nonantiangiogenic antitumoral action of endostatin that decreases cancer cell arrest within liver microvasculature and prevents metastases promoted by proinflammatory cytokines induced by VEGF.
Artificial Immune Systems (2011)

The immune system is highly distributed, highly adaptive, self-organising in nature, maintains a memory of past encounters and has the ability to continually learn about new encounters. From a computational viewpoint, the immune system has much to offer by way of inspiration. Recently there has been growing interest in the use of the natural immune system as inspiration for the creation of novel approaches to computational problems; this field of research is referred to as Immunological Computation (IC) or Artificial Immune Systems (AIS). This chapter describes the physiology of the immune system and provides a general introduction to Artificial Immune Systems. Significant applications that are relevant to data mining, in particular in the areas of machine learning and data analysis, are discussed in detail. Attention is paid both to the salient characteristics of the application and the details of the algorithms. This chapter concludes with an evaluation of the current and future contributions of Artificial Immune Systems in data mining.Request access from your librarian to read this chapter's full text.
Dextran sulfate and heparin interact with CD4 molecules to inhibit the binding of coat protein (gp120) of HIV. (1989)

Dextran sulfate, heparin, and certain other sulfated polysaccharides potently inhibit the adsorption of HIV to CD4+ cells. The mechanism of this inhibition is unclear and, specifically, it is unknown if these agents act at the level of CD4-gp120 binding. For example, previous reports have demonstrated that dextran sulfate does not inhibit the cell surface binding of anti-CD4 mAb known to be directed at the gp120 binding site. In order to confirm and extend these observations, in the present study, it was shown that dextran sulfate does not inhibit the binding of OKT4A, OKT4C, Leu3a, or B66.6 to CD4+ cells as measured by cytofluorography. Next, recombinant forms of CD4 (rT4) and gp120 (rgp120) were utilized to directly study their molecular interaction in the absence of other viral or cellular structures. Reciprocal solid phase ELISA assays were developed to study directly the effects of sulfated polysaccharides on the binding of rT4 to immobilized rgp120 and vice versa. Dextran sulfate, heparin, and fucoidan, but not chondroitin sulfate, inhibited the binding of rgp120 to rT4. Importantly, dextran sulfate and heparin pre-treatment of immobilized rT4, but not immobilized rgp120, inhibited rT4-rgp120 binding. Taken together, these data suggest that while both sulfated polysaccharides and anti-CD4 mAb inhibit gp120 binding, the sulfated polysaccharides interact with sites on CD4 that are distinct from those with which the antibodies bind.