gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PetClaw: a scalable parallel nonlinear wave propagation solver for Python (2011)

We present PetClaw, a scalable distributed-memory solver for time-dependent nonlinear wave propagation. PetClaw unifies two well-known scientific computing packages, Clawpack and PETSc, using Python interfaces into both. We rely on Clawpack to provide the infrastructure and kernels for time-dependent nonlinear wave propagation. Similarly, we rely on PETSc to manage distributed data arrays and the communication between them. We describe both the implementation and performance of PetClaw as well as our challenges and accomplishments in scaling a Python-based code to tens of thousands of cores on the BlueGene/P architecture. The capabilities of PetClaw are demonstrated through application to a novel problem involving elastic waves in a heterogeneous medium. Very finely resolved simulations are used to demonstrate the suppression of shock formation in this system.
Continuous wave, frequency-tunable terahertz laser radiation generated via stimulated polariton scattering (2014)

We report the generation of CW THz radiation, generated via stimulated polariton scattering in MgO:LiNbO3. The system is capable of producing frequency tunable radiation across the range 1.5-2.3 THz and requires only 2.3 W incident diode pump power to reach threshold. Maximum THz output power of 2.3 μW has been detected for just 5.9 W incident diode pump power, at a frequency of 1.8 THz.
Program Phase Detection based on Critical Basic Block Transitions (2008)

Many programs go through phases as they execute. Knowing where these phases begin and end can be beneficial. For example, adaptive architectures can exploit such information to lower their power consumption without much loss in performance. Architectural simulations can benefit from phase information by simulating only a small interval of each program phase, which significantly reduces the simulation time while still yielding results that are representative of complete simulations. This paper presents a lightweight profile-based phase detection technique that marks each phase change boundary in the program's binary at the basic block level with a critical basic block transition (CBBT). It is independent of execution windows and does not explicitly employ the notion of threshold to make a phase change decision. We evaluate the effectiveness of CBBTs for reconfiguring the LI data cache size and for guiding architectural simulations. Our CBBT method is as effective at dynamically reducing the L1 data cache size as idealized cache reconfiguration schemes are. Using CBBTs to statically determine simulation intervals yields as low a CPI error as the well-known SimPoint method does. In addition, experimental results indicate the CBBTs' effectiveness in both the self-trained and cross-trained inputs, demonstrating the CBBTs' stability across different program inputs.
Chemistry in superacids. 12. Carbonic acid and its mono- and diprotonation: NMR, ab initio, and IGLO investigation (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemistry in superacids. 12. Carbonic acid and its mono- and diprotonation: NMR, ab initio, and IGLO investigationGolam Rasul, V. Prakash Reddy, Leszek Z. Zdunek, G. K. Surya Prakash, and G. A. OlahCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 6, 2236–2238Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00059a020https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00059a020research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1146Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Regional redistribution of blood flow in the external and internal carotid arteries during acute hypotension (2014)

The present study examined to what extent an acute bout of hypotension influences blood flow in the external carotid artery (ECA) and the corresponding implications for blood flow regulation in the internal carotid artery (ICA). Nine healthy male participants were subjected to an abrupt decrease in arterial pressure via the thigh-cuff inflation-deflation technique. Duplex ultrasound was employed to measure beat-to-beat ECA and ICA blood flow. Compared with the baseline normotensive control, acute hypotension resulted in a heterogeneous blood flow response. ICA blood flow initially decreased following cuff release and then returned quickly to baseline levels. In contrast, the reduction in ECA blood flow persisted for 30 s following cuff release. Thus, the contribution of common carotid artery blood flow to the ECA circulation decreased during acute hypotension (-10 ± 4%, P < 0.001). This finding suggests that a preserved reduction in ECA blood flow, as well as dynamic cerebral autoregulation likely prevent a further decrease in intracranial blood flow during acute hypotension. The peripheral vasculature of the ECA may, thus, be considered an important vascular bed for intracranial cerebral blood flow regulation.
The application of capacitive transducers to sound velocity measurements in TTF-TCNQ (1979)

A capacitive technique is described for measuring the elastic properties of small samples. Acoustic resonance modes of the sample are excited electrostatically and detected with a detector capacitor which is biased with a uhf carrier signal. The sensitivity of the detection scheme is investigated theoretically. An application of the technique to the measurement of three elastic constants (Ea, Eb, and c66) of single crystals of TTF-TCNQ is described.
Gold Dust And Aggregate - Some Concrete Structures the Waihi Gold Mining Company (1991)

This paper describes some of the major uses of concrete in gold-mining structures erected by the Waihi Gold Mining Company. It operated one of the world's most productive gold mines over a long period. The company invested heavily in permanent materials for much of its construction. The innovative policies and their success has left a legacy of impressive concrete structures which are highly regarded for their historic merit.
Neuro-predictive process control using online controller adaptation (2001)

A novel architecture for integrating neural networks with industrial controllers is proposed, for use in predictive control of complex process systems. In the proposed method, a conventional PI controller is used to control the process. In addition, a recurrent neural network is used in the form of a multistep-ahead predictor to model the process dynamics. The parameters of the PI controller are tuned by a backpropagation-through-time like approach using "parallel learning" to achieve acceptable regulation and stabilization of the controlled process. The advantage of such a formulation is the effective online adaptation of the controller parameters while the process is in operation, and the tracking of the different process operating regimes and variations. The proposed method is used in the stabilization and transient control of U-tube steam generator water level. The proposed predictive controller stabilizes the process and improves its transient performance over the entire operating range.
Synthesis and nucleophilic properties of 4-aryl-5-triphenylphosphonium-1,2,3-triazole ylides or 4-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-5-yltriphenylphosphoranes (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and nucleophilic properties of 4-aryl-5-triphenylphosphonium-1,2,3-triazole ylides or 4-aryl-1,2,3-triazol-5-yltriphenylphosphoranesYoshinari Tanaka and Sidney I. MillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1973, 38, 15, 2708–2712Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1973Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1973https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00955a029https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00955a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views296Altmetric-Citations29LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Acid-base properties of α-aminomethylphosphine oxides (2012)

Ionization constants of a series of aminomethylphosphine oxides and respective amino precursors, as well as their isostructural amino phosphonates in water-2-propanol or water medium were determined. The main regularities of the effect of the phosphoryl group on the protolytic equilibria involving mono- and bisphosphorylated amines and diamines were found. The environment effect on the ionization constants of hydrophilic aminophosphoryl compounds and amines was estimated quantitatively. The relationship between the dissociation constants of aminophosphoryl compounds and related constants of amino precursors in the framework of the principle of linearity of free energies was demonstrated.
EXPERIMENTAL <i>SHIGELLA</i> INFECTIONS VI (1963)

Formal, Samuel B. (Walter Reed Army Institute, Washington, D.C.), G. D. Abrams, H. Schneider, and H. Sprinz. Experimental Shigella infections. VI. Role of the small intestine in an experimental infection in guinea pigs. J. Bacteriol. 85:119-125. 1963.-Shigella infection under the conditions of our experiment significantly involves the small intestine, producing lesions similar to those seen in human acute small intestinal dysentery. Previous work established that, for a rapidly fatal infection to occur, animals had to be pretreated by starvation or by administration of carbon tetrachloride, and, after oral challenge with S. flexneri, had to receive opium. Data are presented indicating that, in the guinea pig, the motility of the small intestine is a major defense mechanism in clearing bacteria from the gut. It is concluded that the two modes of pretreatment potentiate the ability of opium to decrease this motility, and hence increase susceptibility to enteric infection.
Distributed wireless quantum communication networks (2013)

The distributed wireless quantum communication network (DWQCN) has a distributed network topology and transmits information by quantum states. In this paper, we present the concept of the DWQCN and propose a system scheme to transfer quantum states in the DWQCN. The system scheme for transmitting information between any two nodes in the DWQCN includes a routing protocol and a scheme for transferring quantum states. The routing protocol is on-demand and the routing metric is selected based on the number of entangled particle pairs. After setting up a route, quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping are used for transferring quantum states. Entanglement swapping is achieved along with the process of routing set up and the acknowledgment packet transmission. The measurement results of each entanglement swapping are piggybacked with route reply packets or acknowledgment packets. After entanglement swapping, a direct quantum link between source and destination is set up and quantum states are transferred by quantum teleportation. Adopting this scheme, the measurement results of entanglement swapping do not need to be transmitted specially, which decreases the wireless transmission cost and transmission delay.
Human endometrial adult stem cells may differentiate into odontoblast cells (2009)

Tooth regeneration is a biological technique to solving problems of tooth loss. The seeding cells, for tooth regeneration such as odontoblasts, stem cells from dental pulp and deciduous teeth, ectomesenchymal cells from the first branchial arch and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells are difficult to harvest in clinic. Recent studies have showed the expression of stem cell markers in human endometrium, herein we hypothesized that endometrial adult stem cells could be induced into odontoblasts cells and might be used as suitable seeding cells for tooth regeneratio n.
Tailoring the Synthesis and Heating Ability of Gold Nanoprisms for Bioapplications (2012)

The paper describes a novel and straightforward wet-chemical synthetic route to produce biocompatible single-crystalline gold tabular nanoparticles, herein called nanoprisms (NPRs) due to their characteristic shape. Besides the novelty of the method to produce NPRs with an unprecedented high yield, the synthesis avoids the use of highly toxic cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), the most widely used surfactant for the synthesis of gold anisotropic nanoparticles such as nanorods or nanoprisms. The method presented here allows for tuning the edge length of NPRs in the range of 100-170 nm by adjusting the final concentration/molar ratio of gold salt and reducing agent (thiosulfate), while the thickness of NPRs remained constant (9 nm). Thus, the surface plasmon band of NPRs can be set along the near-infrared (NIR) range. The resulting NPRs were derivatized with heterobifunctional polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 4-aminophenyl β-D-glucopyranoside (glucose) chains to improve their stability and cellular uptake, respectively. The heating properties of colloidal solutions of NPRs upon 1064 nm light illumination were evaluated. As a proof of concept, the biocompatibility and suitability of functional NPRs as photothermal agents were studied in cell cultures. Due to their biocompatibility (avoiding CTAB), ease of production, ease of functionalization, and remarkable heating features, the NPRs discussed herein represent a significant advance in the biocompatibility of nanoparticles and serve as an attractive alternative to those currently in use as plasmonic photothermal agents.
GROWTH INHIBITION OF BACTERIA BY SYNTHETIC PTERINS (1947)

Woods (1) has shown that p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) antagonizes the sulfanilamide inhibition of bacterial growth. Lampen and Jones (2) found that pteroylglutamic acid (folic acid) and related compounds are also active antagonists of sulfonamide inhibition of certain microorganisms. They concluded from their results that t,he inhibition of bacterial growt,h by sulfonamides was caused by interference in the synthesis of folic acid at the PABA site in the folic acid molecule.
An Indicator System for Assessing Enterprises E-Readiness and its Application in Chinese Retailing (2003)

Although e-business becomes increasingly important to business world, an inappropriate implementation of e-business has resulted in enterprise's tremendous resources being down the drain.To minimize the cost of inappropriate e-business implementation in the future, an enterprise should make a self-assessment to make sure whether it is e-ready for e-business.Th paper, drawn upon several existing e-readiness assessment models, proposes a new e-readiness indicator system.The proposed indicator system has 5 hierarchical levels with 67 items as the indicators.Using this indicator system, an enterprise can have a whole picture of the enterprise's e-readiness and help the enterprise's executives make decision on e-business implementation.The e-readiness indicator system was used to assess the e-readiness of retailing enterprises in China.Research findings were presented and discussed finally.
Full-Scale Reeling Tests of HFI Welded Line Pipe for Offshore Reel-Laying Installation (2014)

During reel-laying repeated plastic strains are introduced into a pipeline which may affect strength properties and deformation capacity of the line pipe material. Conventionally the effect on the material is simulated by small-scale reeling simulation tests. For these, coupons are extracted from pipes that are loaded in tension and compression and thermally aged, if required. Afterwards, specimens for mechanical testing are machined from these coupons and tested according to the corresponding standards. Today customers often demand additional full-scale reeling simulation tests to assure that the structural pipe behavior meets the strain demands as well. Realistic deformations have to be introduced into a full-size pipe, followed by aging, sampling and mechanical testing comparable to small-scale reeling. In this report the fitness for use of a four-point-bending test rig for full-scale reeling simulation tests is demonstrated. Two high-frequency-induction (HFI) welded pipes of grade X65M (OD = 323.9 mm, WT = 15.9 mm) from Salzgitter Mannesmann Line Pipe GmbH (MLP) are bent with alternate loading. To investigate the influences of thermal aging from polymer-coating process one test pipe had been heat treated beforehand, in the same manner as if being PE-coated. After the tests mechanical test samples were machined out of the plastically strained pipes. A comparison of results from mechanical testing of material exposed to small- and full-scale reeling simulation is given. The results allow an evaluation of the pipe behavior as regards reeling ability and plastic deformation capacity.
Conservative treatment of paediatric mandibular fracture by the use of orthodontic appliance and rubber elastics: report of a case (2005)

Treatment principles of paediatric mandibular fractures may differ from the treatment of the adult population in that a conservative approach is in most cases advocated before the use of internal rigid fixation with plates and screws. This is because of a relative high risk of disturbed facial skeletal growth and risk of damaging unerupted teeth. Knowledge of conservative treatment options is essential in order to minimize these risks and one option is presented in this paper. This case report describes a 5-year-old girl that sustained an open fracture of the mandible and who was successfully treated by the means of applying orthodontic brackets and an arch bar combined with ligatures and rubber elastics.
Thick Film Glasses. (1978)

The technicA1 literature was reviewed in order to characterize the thermal expansion, viscosity, surface tension and wetting behavior as functions of composition for glasses of present or potential use in thick film formulations. The applicability of the principle of additivity to all properties was investigated, and good correlations were demonstrated between thermal expansion and composition in some regions of the PbO-B2O3-SiO2-Al2O3 system. Experimental studies were conducted with a lead borosilicate glass as a function of A12O3 additions. The properties measured were: thermal expansion from room temperature to the deformation point for both annealed and unannealed samples; viscosity from the strain point to the softening point; and initial stage sintering kinetics from which the surface tension to viscosity ratio was obtained. (Author)
The Image Restoration Based on CMAC (2001)

The classical image restoration filters are deconvolutioninverse filtering),Wiener deconvolution, SVD pseudoinverse filter, Kalman filter and maximumentropy restoration etc .Because the universality morbidity of image estoration process, the deconvolution is only suitable for high SNR(Signal to Noise Ratio). Wiener deconvolution needs the knowledge of general stationary process and the correlation function and power spectrum, which makes it difficult to be used in practice. SVD pseudoinverse filter, and Kalman filter is very complex and has large computing work, which restricts its use in practive. The other methods based on if them model, Gauss and Gauss\--Markov stochastic process have also been restrictedin real image processing bacause of theri complex. Because factors affecting imaging and making image degeneration are fuzzy and uncertain, it is very difficult to build accurate mathematical model of image degeneration and, which therefore make it impossible to restore the image. Due to its capability of nonlinear mapping and synthesis, CMAC can effectively achieve image restoration by learning reverse process of image degeneration, which resolves the shortcomings of traditionary methods. The simulator results showed that CMAC neural networks are able to restore the degeneration image effectively. The learning algorithm of the network is simply. The present method is convenient for real\|time restoring image.
Dielectric enhancement in polymer-nanoparticle composites through interphase polarizability (2005)

Dielectric measurements on polyimide-oxide nanoparticle composite thin films show a composite dielectric constant (εcomposite) that increased monotonically with increasing oxide content well above the value predicted by Maxwell’s rule for dielectric mixtures below the percolation threshold. Above certain volume fractions, the measured εcomposite values were found to exceed the corresponding nanoparticle ε such that εpolymer&lt;εparticle&lt;εcomposite contrasted to conventional composites where εpolymer&lt;εcomposite&lt;εparticle. The εcomposite was independent of frequency to 10MHz with dielectric loss of &lt;0.005 throughout this range, indicating that the observed enhancement in ε does not originate from space-charge related contributions and hence should be due to dipolar contributions. The observed ε enhancement (εcomposite−εMaxwell) showed a correlation with the total surface area of the nanoparticles. The dielectric model of Vo and Shi [Microelectron. J. 33, 409 (2002), and references therein] showed that the enhanced dielectric behavior originates from significant interfacial nanoparticle-polymer interactions and the critical role of additional contributions to polarizability through specific physicochemical interactions within the interphase region. An interphase εint considerably higher than that of the nanoparticle and a high interface interaction constant of 3.24 for the nanocomposite suggest a strong interaction between the functional groups of the polymer and the nanoparticle surface. Although modeling suggests a maximum of ε∼65vol%, loss in micromechanical stability occurred above 20% due to incomplete polymer wetting films arising from the high nanoparticle surface areas.
An intelligent knowledge-based system to provide design and manufacturing data for forging (1987)

This paper describes current progress on the combination of finite-element programs for metal flow simulation with die design programs in an IKBS. The principle is that the designer will interrogate the knowledge base to discover whether a component with relevant characteristics has been manufactured before, or falls within the scope of its empirical rules base. If so, the CAD program proceeds directly to an evaluation and, if required, to NC or CNC tool manufacture. If the shape is not recognised, the finite-element program can be called into action for analysis of the stress, strain, strain rate and temperature distributions. From this the pre-forms and die designs can be optimised and the shapes passed to the CAD branch for detailing and subsequent production.