gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A reliability comparison of single and double rings (2002)

A comparison is made of the reliability of several fault-tolerant single- and double-ring networks. The reliability measure adopted is the probability that all operative nodes can communicate (P(C)). Although computing P(C) has been proven an NP-hard problem for general networks, closed-form expressions for P(C) are presented for several ring network structures. These networks include (1) the basic single ring, (2) a single ring with nodal bypass switches, (3) a star-shaped ring, (4) a dual ring, (5) a double ring, (6) a double ring with bypass switches, and (7) a double ring with both nodal-bypass and link-reversing switches. The expressions for these seven rings are evaluated under varying failure-probability assumptions, and reliability comparisons are made.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Performances of the Fibrin Monomer Test for the Exclusion of Pulmonary Embolism in Symptomatic Outpatients (1999)

Many studies have shown that D-dimer determinations can be used for the exclusion of venous thromboembolism in symptomatic outpatients, depending however on the method of D-dimer measurement. Another related assay, the Fibrin Monomer test which measures soluble fibrin levels in plasma by ELISA, is now available. We have evaluated the performances of this assay for the exclusion of pulmonary embolism (PE) in 426 consecutive outpatients presenting at the emergency ward of our institution. Diagnosis of PE was made by D-dimer measurement, compression ultrasonography, lung scintigraphy, venography and pulmonary angiography. With a cut-off of 3 microg/ml. the sensitivity and the negative predictive value were both 100% (95% CI: 97.1-100 and 96.3-100 respectively) and the specificity 33% (95 % CI: 25.7-38.1). With 4 microg/ml, the corresponding figures were 98.4 (95% CI: 94.4-99.8), 98.3 (95% CI: 94.1-99.8) and 39% (95% CI: 33.6-44.7) respectively. The prevalence of PE was 30%, the exclusion rates were 23 and 27% for either cut-off. When compared with a reference D-dimer assay (Asserachrom D-Di), a good correlation was observed. In conclusion, this is the first study suggesting the interest of this Fibrin Monomer test to rule out PE; these results, however, need to be confirmed by other studies.
Atmospheric Pressure Vaporization Mechanism for Coupling a Liquid Phase with Electron Ionization Mass Spectrometry (2017)

A novel liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) interfacing concept is presented and discussed. The new interface, called liquid-EI (LEI), is based on electron ionization (EI) but, differently from any previous attempt, the vaporization of solutes and mobile phase takes place at atmospheric pressure into a specifically designed region, called "vaporization microchannel", before entering the high-vacuum ion source. The interface is completely independent from the rest of the instrumentation and can be adapted to any gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) system, as an add-on for a rapid LC-MS conversion. Pressure drop and temperature gradient between LC and MS were considered to enhance the analyte response and reduce band broadening and/or solute carryovers. A fused silica liner, placed inside the vaporization microchannel, acts as an inert vaporization surface speeding up the gas-phase conversion of large molecules while lessening possible memory effects. The liner is easily replaceable for a quick and extremely simple interface maintenance. Proof of concept and detailed description of the interface are here presented.
Cyclic Dipeptides: Secondary Metabolites Isolated from Different Microorganisms with Diverse Biological Activities (2017)

Cyclic dipeptides are the simplest peptide derivatives commonly found in nature. These chiral molecules are easily synthesized from readily available α-amino acids using a simple methodology. They are privileged structures with the ability to bind to a wide range of receptors and have a broad variety of biological and pharmacological activities. We will give a brief overview of their status giving and interesting reference list about the last works.
Plexcitonic Nanoparticles: Plasmon−Exciton Coupling in Nanoshell−J-Aggregate Complexes (2008)

Stable Au nanoshell-J-aggregate complexes are formed that exhibit coherent coupling between the localized plasmons of a nanoshell and the excitons of molecular J-aggregates adsorbed on its surface. By tuning the nanoshell plasmon energies across the exciton line of the J-aggregate, plasmon-exciton coupling energies for these complexes are obtained. The strength of this interaction is dependent on the specific plasmon mode of the nanoparticle coupled to the J-aggregate exciton. From a model based on Gans theory, we obtain an expression for the plasmon-exciton hybridized states of the complex.
Eight-Year Outcome Associated With Clinical Options in the Management of Femoral Neck Fractures (1998)

This study involved a review of the medical records of 367 patients treated surgically after femoral neck fracture. Linkage of these records with claims files from the Health Care Financing Administration allowed as many as 8 years of followup to analyze the rates of hospital readmission rates for revision, other postoperative complications and mortality. The results revealed: (1) a significantly higher revision rate was associated with internal fixation for the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in patients older than 80 years of age; no differences in revision rates were seen between internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of nondisplaced femoral neck fractures in this patient age group; (2) no differences in revision rates were found between internal fixation or hemiarthroplasty for the treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in patients between the ages of 65 to 80 years; (3) a significantly higher mortality rate was associated with internal fixation than hemiarthroplasty for patients who were between the ages of 65 and 80 years; and (4) no differences in medical or surgical complications, revision rates, or other outcomes were found between unipolar and bipolar prostheses, or between anterior and posterior surgical approaches for hemiarthroplasty in patients who were age 65 years or older.
The Preschool Child's Use of Criticism (1932)

An investigation of this function is the subject of this study. Approximately twenty thousand sentences spoken by children had been gathered in the course of another investigation. From these records of children two to six years old, all sentences expressing criticism of another child or of an adult were culled and analyzed in order to study the development of this use of language by little children. There were 325 such criticisms found.
Differential Interaction of the Ras Family GTP-binding Proteins H-Ras, Rap1A, and R-Ras with the Putative Effector Molecules Raf Kinase and Ral-Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor (1996)

The interactions of H-Ras, R-Ras, and Rap1A with the Ras-binding domains (RBD) of the c-Raf kinase and of the Ral guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RGF) was studied biochemically in solution. From deletion cloning the RGF-RBD was defined as a 97-amino acid-long fragment from the C-terminal end of the human RGF, which is an independent folding domain with high stability. Interestingly, whereas H-Ras binds with high affinity (KD = 20 nM) to Raf-RBD and with low affinity (KD = 1 microM) to RGF-RBD, Rap1A shows the opposite behavior. The binding of both RBDs to R-Ras is weak and shows no specificity. The interaction between Rap1A and RGF-RBD shows similar characteristics to the Ras-Raf interaction because it is blocked by mutations in the effector region (D38A) and it inhibits the dissociation of guanine nucleotide, which is the basis for the quantitative measurements in this work. Furthermore, the binding of RGF-RBD inhibits the interaction between Rap1A and Rap-GAP. As long as the cellular localizations of the different proteins and their biological functions are not clarified, these biochemical data seem to indicate that Ral-guanine nucleotide exchange factors is an effector molecule of Rap1A rather than of H-Ras.
Alkaline Salts of Sodium and Potassium: from C–X Reduction to C–H Functionalization and Beyond (2017)

The discovery and contemplations of Gilbert N. Lewis (1875–1946) regarding the concept of electron pair acceptors has led to an improved fundamental understanding of molecular interactions. Lewis’s recognition that acidic character can exist in substances not containing hydrogen (i.e.,
Bronsted acids) led to the classification of a new group of reagents and catalysts for organic synthesis: Lewis acids. Over the last half-century, the application of these reagents and catalysts has in turn led to the discovery of a plethora of new chemical reactions, enabling previously unknown
transformations. It has also been appreciated that electron pair donors (i.e., Lewis bases) are characterized by analogous and opposite behavior. Perhaps most intriguing is that in certain cases Lewis bases are capable of modifying simultaneously the electrophilic and nucleophilic character of
the substance to which they are coordinated. It is also known that neutral tetravalent silicon can act as a Lewis acid for a variety of nucleophiles (i.e., Lewis bases) generating pentavalent Si species; these adducts are observed to have enhanced electrophilicity at Si and enhanced electron density at the ligands bound to silicon. In the case of organosilanes wherein at least one of the groups on silicon is a hydrogen (i.e., a hydrosilane), the reaction with Lewis bases can lead to pentavalent adducts with weakened Si–H bonds wherein the H has enhanced hydridic character. This property has been exploited by researchers in a number of ways, perhaps most prevalently in the development of hydrosilanes as mild reducing agents for the reduction of carbonyl compounds or for the mechanistically-related carbonyl hydrosilylation reaction. This thesis details the discovery and development of fundamentally new chemical reactivity of silanes enabled by their interaction with basic salts of certain alkali metals (and includes some, but certainly not all of the work that I have performed in this area). First, it was found that specific combinations of hydrosilanes with basic alkali metal salts – in particular KOt-Bu – under certain conditions form exceptionally powerful reductive couples capable of selectively cleaving strong aromatic C–O and C–S bonds with exceptional effectiveness and novel selectivity. Second, I found that certain modifications and elaborations of this chemical system lead to dramatic changes in the operative reaction manifold: from C–X bond cleavage to E–Si bond formation. I determined that this concept of activating hydrosilanes with alkaline salts of the alkali metals can be harnessed for the mild and efficient construction of a wide array of E–Si bond classes by catalytic crossdehydrogenative coupling. Surprisingly, these challenging chemistries all occur in the absence of transition metal species, providing new horizons and opportunities for investigating Earth-abundant elements as catalysts and reagents for a host of applications.
Triazolinones as nonpeptide angiotensin II antagonists. 1. Synthesis and evaluation of potent 2,4,5-trisubstituted triazolinones (1993)

A series of 2,4-dihydro-2,4,5-trisubstituted-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-ones was prepared via several synthetic routes and evaluated as AII receptor antagonists in vitro and in vivo. The preferred compounds contained a [2'-(5-tetrazolyl)biphenyl-4-yl]methyl side chain at N4 and an n-butyl group at C5. A number of these bearing an alkyl or aralkyl substituent at N2 showed in vitro potency in the nanomolar range (rabbit aorta membrane receptor), and several of these, e.g., the 2,2-dimethyl-1-propyl analogue (54, IC50 = 2.1 nM), effectively blocked the AII pressor response in conscious rats with significant duration (2.5 h at 1 mg/kg orally for 54). Among analogues possessing aryl substituents at N2, ortho substitution on the phenyl moiety resulted in several derivatives with in vitro potency in the low nanomolar range. One of these, featuring a 2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl substituent at N2 (25, IC50 = 1.2 nM), was effective at 1 mg/kg orally in the rat model, with a duration of > 6 h. Implications for hydrophobic and hydrogen-bonding interactions with the AT1 receptor are discussed.
Ultra-Widefield Imaging for the Management of Pediatric Retinal Diseases (2013)

Ultra-widefield fundus photography and UWFA can be used successfully as an outpatient procedure in the pediatric patient population without the necessity of examination under anesthesia and can aid the physician in the documentation and evaluation of peripheral retinal pathology. UWFA can also assist in directing laser photocoagulation in the treatment of pediatric retinal diseases.
A 140mA cw deuteron electron cyclotron resonance source for the IFMIF-EVEDA project (2008)

In the framework of the IFMIF-EVEDA phase (International Fusion Materials Irradiation Facility-Engineering Validation and Engineering Design Activities), the CEA-Saclay is in charged of the design and realization of the 140 mA cw deuteron source. The IFMIF EVEDA demonstrator will be installed in Japan in the next six years and will have to accelerate the deuteron beam up to 9 MeV. CEA will build the source and the low energy beam line (LEBT) and will test the cw high intensity deuteron production at Saclay. The SILHI source is an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) source, operating at 2.45 GHz. In 2001, it produced more than 130 mA of deuteron beam in pulsed mode to minimize neutron production. Such a result pushes to develop a new ECR source based on the SILHI design and equipped with a specific extraction system. Several options of the accelerator column will be implemented in order to improve the reliability and the efficiency of the source. The IFMIF source and LEBT design will be reported.
(Section A: Molecular, Structural, and Cellular Biology of Drug Transporters) The MRP-Related and BCRP / ABCG2 Multidrug Resistance Proteins: Biology, Substrate Specificity and Regulation (2004)

Several members of different families of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transport proteins are capable of transporting an extraordinarily structurally diverse array of endo- and xenobiotics and their metabolites across cell membranes. Together, these transporters play an important role in the absorption, disposition and elimination of these chemicals in the body. In tumor cells, increased expression of these drug transporters is associated with resistance to multiple chemotherapeutic agents. In this review, current knowledge of the biochemical, physiological and pharmacological properties of nine members of the multidrug resistance protein (MRP)-related ABCC family (MRP1, MRP2, MRP3, MRP4, MRP5, MRP6, MRP7, ABCC11 and ABCC12) as well as the G family member, ABCG2/BCRP, are summarized. A focus is placed on the structural similarities and differences of these drug transporters as well as the molecular determinants of their substrate specificities and transport activities. Factors that regulate expression of the MRP-related proteins and ABCG2/BCRP are also reviewed.
Ion Diffusion in EDLC Based on Microporous Carbons (2010)

Abstract not Available.
Sensing Pressure For Authentication System Using Keystroke Dynamics (2007)

In this paper, an authentication system using keystroke dynamics is presented. We introduced pressure sensing for the improvement of the accuracy of measurement and durability against intrusion using key-logger, and so on, however additional instrument is needed. As the result, it has been found that the pressure sensing is also effective for estimation of real moment of keystroke.
Envelope Control for Four-Wheel Independently Actuated Autonomous Ground Vehicle Through AFS/DYC Integrated Control (2017)

This paper proposes an envelope control framework for four-wheel independently actuated autonomous ground vehicle (AGV) to regulate it on desired path and simultaneously control it to the driving limits. The envelope control framework is achieved based on the integrated control of active front-wheel steer and direct yaw-moment control. In a speed controller, the G-G diagram is used to describe the driving limits on each path segment. The desired traction and braking force is calculated according to the G-G diagram and desired path. In a path-following controller, a feedforward-feedback lateral controller is designed to calculate the desired steering angle to follow the desired path. In a yaw-moment controller, the β-r phase portraits are utilized to describe the handling limits. The yaw-moment controller aims at keeping the AGV from losing stability in limit driving, which is calculated through a sliding mode controller and provided by the independent motors actuation. Through an independent driving technique, the tyre cornering stiffness is estimated online based on the predefined Magic Formula model to improve the controller's robustness. An autonomous Formula Student racecar developed by the authors is used as testbed. The autonomous driving experiments on racetrack validate the efficiency of the proposed controller.
Controller Area Network: CANs use within automobiles (1997)

Article dans revue scientifique avec comité de lecture.
Application of blue–green and ultraviolet micro-LEDs to biological imaging and detection (2008)

This paper reviews authors' laboratory's work on the development of nitride-based blue–green and ultraviolet microscale LED devices with particular classes of imaging and spectroscopic applications in cellular level biology. Starting from neuroscience, we illustrate the utility of blue–green micro-LEDs for voltage-sensitive dye imaging of individual neural cells, as well as their ultraviolet counterparts for photostimulation of neurons. Arrays of micro-LEDs are also shown to be useful in projecting spatiotemporal patterns of photoexcitation to study the visual system development in living animals. As another illustration of the utility of the emerging nitride microdevice technology, we demonstrate the application of UV micro-LED arrays in bio-sensing technology as the core of a real-time fluorescence spectroscopy biowarning system.
Ultrahigh Efficiency Fluorescent Single and Bi‐Layer Organic Light Emitting Diodes: The Key Role of Triplet Fusion (2012)

Abstract A new family of anthracene core, highly fluorescent emitters is synthesized which include diphenylamine hole transport end groups. Using a very simple one or two layer organic light emitting diode (OLED) structure, devices without outcoupling achieve an external quantum efficiency of 6% and photonic efficiencies of 20 cd/A. The theoretical maximum efficiency of such devices should not exceed 3.55%. Detailed photophysical characterization shows that for these anthracene based emitters 2T 1 ≤T n and so in this special case, triplet fusion can achieve a singlet production yield of 0.5. Indeed, delayed electroluminescence measurements show that triplet fusion contributes 59% of all singlets produced in these devices. This demonstrates that when triplet fusion becomes very efficient, fluorescent OLEDs even with very simple structures can approach an internal singlet production yield close to the theoretical absolute maximum of 62.5% and rival phosphorescent‐based OLEDs with the added advantage of much improved stability.
Vector model for normal and dichromatic color vision* (1980)

The inclusion of cone mechanisms in a slightly revised version of an earlier model allows accounts of phenomena that involve receptor effects as well as dichromatic color vision. Intensity-dependent parameters that stimulate the adaptation of receptors and opponent and nonopponent mechanisms are varied to predict a wide range of data for both normals and dichromats, including: (i) color matching; (ii) the approximate apparent hue and saturation of the spectrum; (iii) foveal spectral sensitivities obtained by flicker photometry and by detection in the dark and under conditions of achromatic or chromatic adaptation; (iv) heterochromatic additivity failures in the dark-adapted and chromatically adapted eye; (v) approximate differences between brightness and luminance; and, (vi) color and wavelength discrimination under varying adaptation conditions.
Introduction (1986)

Many a war has broken up and ended but the world has not yet reached a state of peace, so devoutly desired. Philosophical aspects of the peace have a large place in the writings of modern social scientists.1 Peace researchers have devoted attention to the initiation, conduct and more especially termination of war, 2 with the absence of war regarded as tantamount to peace.3 By exploring the processes that lead a nation at war to end the war, this study will, it is hoped, add another dimension to the understanding of the problem of peace-making. By 'war' we do not mean small-scale clashes or skirmishes, but a large-scale, intensive conflict of national, internationa4 or world dimensions. By peace we do not mean only the absence of violent conflict, but a contractual agreement between the parties agreeing to end the war. More specifically, this study will analyse the inducements that led Israel to conclude a peace treaty with Egypt, the largest Arab state and a formidable enemy up till 1974. We are attempting not so much to trace events over a given historical period as to illuminate the behaviour of the groups involved. However, people operate in space and time. Given 'periods' are man-made and may seem arbitrary but the choice of dates to delimit them must rest on a rational basis. We are dealing here with a peace process that took place over the years from 1967 to 1979.KeywordsExternal PowerIndirect BenefitPeace TreatyPeace ProcessIsraeli GovernmentThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Structure of outer membrane protein G in lipid bilayers (2017)

β-barrel proteins mediate nutrient uptake in bacteria and serve vital functions in cell signaling and adhesion. For the 14-strand outer membrane protein G of Escherichia coli, opening and closing is pH-dependent. Different roles of the extracellular loops in this process were proposed, and X-ray and solution NMR studies were divergent. Here, we report the structure of outer membrane protein G investigated in bilayers of E. coli lipid extracts by magic-angle-spinning NMR. In total, 1847 inter-residue <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>1</sup>H and <sup>13</sup>C-<sup>13</sup>C distance restraints, 256 torsion angles, but no hydrogen bond restraints are used to calculate the structure. The length of β-strands is found to vary beyond the membrane boundary, with strands 6-8 being the longest and the extracellular loops 3 and 4 well ordered. The site of barrel closure at strands 1 and 14 is more disordered than most remaining strands, with the flexibility decreasing toward loops 3 and 4. Loop 4 presents a well-defined helix.