gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Hashing scheme for space-efficient detection and localization of changes in large data sets (2012)

One of primary components of computer systems security is preservation of data integrity. In addition to violation prevention, it also includes methods used to detect such violations after they occur. The most common methods for preserving integrity of binary data are based on various hashing functions. However, an inherent downside of using hashing functions is that a single hash can only be used to verify integrity of a single data string as a whole. This results in it being impossible to locate the exact position within the string where the change occurred. Alternative method entails splitting the data string into blocks, each protected by a hash. While this enables more precise location of changes, storing potentially large number of hashes imposes significant space overhead for large data sets. In this paper, we present a space-efficient method for detection and localization of unwanted changes in large data sets. Our method reuses the idea of splitting data into blocks and hashing each block separately, but with certain added properties: logarithmic instead of linear increase of memory space required to store hashes, ease of parallelization, possible application on distributed data, limited self-verification of hashes and efficient recalculation of hashes for dynamically changing data.
Digital transistor sizing techniques applied to 100K ECL CMOS output buffers (2002)

Regulated current levels have been maintained with a control circuit that digitally adjusts the effective width of a 0.9-/spl mu/m CMOS output buffer to generate 100 K ECL levels operating up to 800 MHz. A pseudo-random bit error rate test of the buffer operating at 1.6 Gb/s indicated no errors Digital sizing reduces the variation of internal power dissipation over operating conditions from 250% to 10%.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Session details: Special issue on learning from imbalanced datasets (2004)

No abstract available.
Sunburn cell formation is prevented by scavenging oxygen intermediates (1983)

Journal Article Sunburn cell formation is prevented by scavenging oxygen intermediates Get access YOSHIKI MIYACHI, YOSHIKI MIYACHI Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Yoshiki Miyachi, M.D., Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo‐ku, Kyoto 606, Japan. Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar TAKESHI HORIO, TAKESHI HORIO Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar SADAO IMAMURA SADAO IMAMURA Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Clinical and Experimental Dermatology, Volume 8, Issue 3, 1 May 1983, Pages 305–310, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1983.tb01784.x Published: 01 May 1983 Article history Accepted: 11 February 1982 Published: 01 May 1983
Aligning biological sequences by exploiting residue conservation and coevolution (2020)

Sequences of nucleotides (for DNA and RNA) or amino acids (for proteins) are central objects in biology. Among the most important computational problems is that of sequence alignment, i.e., arranging sequences from different organisms in such a way to identify similar regions, to detect evolutionary relationships between sequences, and to predict biomolecular structure and function. This is typically addressed through profile models, which capture position specificities like conservation in sequences but assume an independent evolution of different positions. Over recent years, it has been well established that coevolution of different amino-acid positions is essential for maintaining three-dimensional structure and function. Modeling approaches based on inverse statistical physics can catch the coevolution signal in sequence ensembles, and they are now widely used in predicting protein structure, protein-protein interactions, and mutational landscapes. Here, we present DCAlign, an efficient alignment algorithm based on an approximate message-passing strategy, which is able to overcome the limitations of profile models, to include coevolution among positions in a general way, and to be therefore universally applicable to protein- and RNA-sequence alignment without the need of using complementary structural information. The potential of DCAlign is carefully explored using well-controlled simulated data, as well as real protein and RNA sequences.
Evaluation of guided tissue regeneration in deep angular bony defects. A clinical study. (1991)

本研究は, 23歳から54歳で, 初期治療終了後の再評価時に6mm以上のポケットを有し, 歯周外科治療を必要とした患者16名を用いそれぞれ8名の垂直性骨欠損部にGTRとFOPを応用した。GTR法は, フラップ手術に準じ, 粘膜骨膜弁を剥離, 翻転後, スケーリング・ルートプレーニングを行い, 骨欠損部へGore-Tex® periodontal materialを試適, 縫合固定し, 歯齦弁を元に戻して縫合した。なお, Gore-Tex® periodontal materialは術後4～6週で除去した。臨床診査は, 術後3, 6及び12ヵ月目に行った。その結果, ポケットの深さの減少量は, GTR群で有意に大であり, 12ヵ月目では, GTR群5.1±1.6mm, FOP群で2.4±1.5mmであった。アタッチメントの獲得量もGTR群で有意に大であり, 12ヵ月目で, GTR群で2.8±1.6mm, FOP群で0.3±0.8mmであった。以上の結果より, 垂直性骨欠損に対するGTR法は有効な手術法であることが証明された。
Multi-source and multi-classifier system for regional landcover mapping (2004)

Forest managers need consistent and continuous data on existing vegetation and landcover to address most land management issues and concerns. The current operational approach used by the USDA Forest Service, Northern Region to produce such data using a multi-source and multi-classifier system is described. The methodological components of this system include: (a) ecogeographic stratification, (b) production of image objects through image segmentation, (c) incorporation of multi-temporal image data and change detection, (d) extensive use of ecological modeling and other ancillary data, (e) generation of reference data integrating field sampled inventory data through a structured aerial photo interpretation process, and (f) utilization of multiple classifiers for different levels of the classification hierarchy.
Spectral combining of fiber lasers (2006)

The different concepts of combining fiber lasers for power-scaling are discussed. We report on three combined fibers with an output power of 100 W. Several proposals are made for further power scaling and the capacitance of a grating is tested in a simulation-experiment.
A Study of Depth Visualization Techniques for Virtual Annotations in Augmented Reality (2006)

In this paper, we discuss depth visualization techniques for virtual annotations to alleviate the depth ambiguity problem. We begin by describing the depth ambiguity problem with regard to virtual annotations. Then a number of possible solutions are discussed by introducing a metaphor of monocular depth cues, and the effectiveness and characteristics of the three visualization techniques are shown through the preliminary experiments.
Deposition of “Asphaltenes” during CO2 Injection and Implications for EOS Description and Reservoir Performance (2007)

It is essential that precipitation of “asphaltenes” is recognised<br>early in the planning stage of any EOR project so that<br>appropriate testing can be performed to evaluate whether there<br>will be a negative impact on reservoir performance.
Mode-hop-free electro-optically tuned diode laser (2002)

A tunable external-cavity Littrow diode laser, with an intracavity electro-optical crystal, which combines a large mode-hop-free tuning range with high tuning speeds and high tuning accuracy, has been designed. A mode-hop-free single-mode tuning range of 50 GHz at 793 nm with an output power of 60 mW and tuning speeds of 1.5 GHz/micros is demonstrated. The instantaneous linewidth is smaller than 300 kHz. Generally mode-hop-free tuning is obtained when the elongation of the cavity is proportional to the cavity length measured anywhere across the beam. This elongation is achieved with an intracavity crystal in which the thickness, and thus the electric field inside it, varies across the beam.
Energy-efficient multiuser MIMO beamforming (2011)

In previous works, MIMO beamforming in multiuser wireless systems is typically formulated in two ways: one is minimizing the total transmit power with individual signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraints for each user; and the other one is maximizing the minimum SINR among all the users with a total transmission power constraint. However, although the total transmit power is optimized, these beamforming algorithms might not be the optimum with respect to the individual energy effciency of each user. In this paper, we consider an energy-efficient multiuser MIMO beamforming algorithm that maximizes the minimum energy efficiency among all the users with individual SINR constraints. We solve the optimization problem by transforming it into a semidefinite program with relaxation that can be efficiently solved. We compare our multiuser beamforming algorithm with the traditional beamforming scheme considered in previous works, which minimizes the total transmission power with individual SINR constraints. Simulation results show the advantage of using the proposed energy-efficient beamforming algorithm.
Catalytic transformation of ethanol into 1,3-butadiene (2014)

1,3-Butadiene is an important constituent of many products that we rely upon. It is currently prepared from non-sustainably derived sources. However, in the early part of the 20(th) Century the use of ethanol as a source of 1,3-butadiene has been reported. With the arrival of a cheap and bountiful supply of crude-oil derived sources the need for the sustainable route was deemed unnecessary. In recent years the conversion of ethanol to 1,3-butadiene has undergone somewhat of a mini resurgence as the chemical industry looks to try to find a sustainable and secure route to this important building block. This review will emphasise some of the most recent work in the field and look ahead to what needs to be achieved to make this research a reality. Graphical AbstractThis review focusses on the recent progress in the area of the conversion of ethanol to 1, 3-butadiene.
Composition and antibacterial activity of essential oil of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (Verbenaceae). (2009)

The essential oil of the aerial parts of Lippia graveolens H.B.K. (Verbenaceae) was examined by GC and GC-MS. Nine constituents were identified. Carvacrol, a-terpinyl acetate, m-cymene, thymol and B-pinene were found to be the major components. The oil exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus subtilis, Sarcina lutea) and Gram-negative bacteria (Shigella boydii, Vibrio cholerae No-01, Vibrio cholerae (clinical strain), Vibrio cholerae (isolated from water), Vibrio cholerae Tor, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter aerogenes; Yersinia enterocolitica, Salmonella typhi).
Studies on the reactivity of new types of tetracyclic‐1,5‐benzoxazepines: Part V (2001)

Abstract The syntheses of tetracyclic 1,5‐benzoxazepines 3a‐e from heterocyclic (3‐chloroaldehydes 1a‐e and 2‐aminophenol are reported herein (Scheme I). Attempted lithium aluminium hydride (LiAlH 4 ) reduction of the imine double bond in 3a‐e failed to furnish the corresponding saturated compounds 5a‐e. Attempted catalytic hydrogenation of 3a‐e in the presence of acetic acid and acetic anhydride gave surprisingly only the acetoxy derivatives 6a‐e in high yields (Scheme II). Base catalysed hydrolysis of acetoxy derivatives 6a‐e furnished, as expected, the corresponding phenolic derivatives 7a‐e , in moderate yields. Attempted cyclofunctionalization of 3a‐e either with mercaptoacetic acid or its methyl ester to obtain the new penta‐cyclic heterocycles 4a‐e was, however, not successful.
Surface plasmon-polariton fiber-optical polarizers using thin-nickel films (1990)

High-quality optical fiber polarizers fabricated by depositing thin nickel films on polished fibers are discussed. The polarization extinction is achieved by efficiently exciting TM-polarized surface plasmon-polariton waves, which are supported by the nickel films, by means of evanescent field interaction with the propagating fundamental fiber mode. TM-like polarized light is efficiently coupled and extinguished when precise phase matching conditions are achieved. The TE-like polarization, on the other hand, passes through with minimal losses. Devices with polarization extinction ratio in excess of 55 dB and insertion losses less than 1 dB have been demonstrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Comprehensive Evaluation of Prostate Specific Membrane Antigen Expression in the Vasculature of Renal Tumors: Implications for Imaging Studies and Prognostic Role (2017)

We provide a rationale for further development of prostate specific membrane antigen targeted imaging in patients with clear cell renal cell carcinoma. The prognostic role of prostate specific membrane antigen was determined at the protein level in clear cell renal cell carcinoma and at the mRNA level in clear cell and papillary renal cell carcinoma.
Energy Harvesting Research: The Road from Single Source to Multisource (2018)

Energy harvesting technology may be considered an ultimate solution to replace batteries and provide a long-term power supply for wireless sensor networks. Looking back into its research history, individual energy harvesters for the conversion of single energy sources into electricity are developed first, followed by hybrid counterparts designed for use with multiple energy sources. Very recently, the concept of a truly multisource energy harvester built from only a single piece of material as the energy conversion component is proposed. This review, from the aspect of materials and device configurations, explains in detail a wide scope to give an overview of energy harvesting research. It covers single-source devices including solar, thermal, kinetic and other types of energy harvesters, hybrid energy harvesting configurations for both single and multiple energy sources and single material, and multisource energy harvesters. It also includes the energy conversion principles of photovoltaic, electromagnetic, piezoelectric, triboelectric, electrostatic, electrostrictive, thermoelectric, pyroelectric, magnetostrictive, and dielectric devices. This is one of the most comprehensive reviews conducted to date, focusing on the entire energy harvesting research scene and providing a guide to seeking deeper and more specific research references and resources from every corner of the scientific community.
Metabolic zonation of the liver: The oxygen gradient revisited (2017)

The liver has a multitude of functions which are necessary to maintain whole body homeostasis. This requires that various metabolic pathways can run in parallel in the most efficient manner and that futile cycles are kept to a minimum. To a large extent this is achieved due to a functional specialization of the liver parenchyma known as metabolic zonation which is often lost in liver diseases. Although this phenomenon is known for about 40 years, the underlying regulatory pathways are not yet fully elucidated. The physiologically occurring oxygen gradient was considered to be crucial for the appearance of zonation; however, a number of reports during the last decade indicating that β-catenin signaling, and the hedgehog (Hh) pathway contribute to metabolic zonation may have shifted this view. In the current review we connect these new observations with the concept that the oxygen gradient within the liver acinus is a regulator of zonation. This is underlined by a number of facts showing that the β-catenin and the Hh pathway can be modulated by the hypoxia signaling system and the hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs). Altogether, we provide a view by which the dynamic interplay between all these pathways can drive liver zonation and thus contribute to its physiological function.
U.S.-Canadian consensus recommendations on the immunophenotypic analysis of hematologic neoplasia by flow cytometry: Selection of antibody combinations (1997)

Normal or clonal B cells CD19, CD20, kappa, lambda CD19(CD20)/k, CD19(CD20)/l CD19(20)/k/l B cells of CLL vs. other lymphoproliferative disorders CD19, CD20, CD5, CD23,
Groundwater use for irrigation – a global inventory (2010)

Abstract. Irrigation is the most important water use sector accounting for about 70% of the global freshwater withdrawals and 90% of consumptive water uses. While the extent of irrigation and related water uses are reported in statistical databases or estimated by model simulations, information on the source of irrigation water is scarce and very scattered. Here we present a new global inventory on the extent of areas irrigated with groundwater, surface water or non-conventional sources, and we determine the related consumptive water uses. The inventory provides data for 15 038 national and sub-national administrative units. Irrigated area was provided by census-based statistics from international and national organizations. A global model was then applied to simulate consumptive water uses for irrigation by water source. Globally, area equipped for irrigation is currently about 301 million ha of which 38% are equipped for irrigation with groundwater. Total consumptive groundwater use for irrigation is estimated as 545 km3 yr−1, or 43% of the total consumptive irrigation water use of 1277 km3 yr−1. The countries with the largest extent of areas equipped for irrigation with groundwater, in absolute terms, are India (39 million ha), China (19 million ha) and the USA (17 million ha). Groundwater use in irrigation is increasing both in absolute terms and in percentage of total irrigation, leading in places to concentrations of users exploiting groundwater storage at rates above groundwater recharge. Despite the uncertainties associated with statistical data available to track patterns and growth of groundwater use for irrigation, the inventory presented here is a major step towards a more informed assessment of agricultural water use and its consequences for the global water cycle.
Immunoglobulin-sulfated polysaccharide interactions. Binding of agaropectin and heparin by human IgG proteins. (1981)

The interaction of immunoglobulins with certain acidic polysaccharides was demonstrated by the binding of the sulfated glycans agaropectin and heparin by certain human IgG proteins. Heparin-binding IgG proteins can distinguish between the molecular forms of heparin derived from porcine intestine, bovine lung, and rat skin. The major specificity of these proteins is for native and certain high molecular weight subunit components of rat skin heparin. The interactions with multi-chain and single chain rat skin heparin are stable under physiological conditions and involve the Fab and, more specifically, the Fv region of the IgG molecule. These reactions occur as a result of an electrostatic interaction between cationic sites on certain IgG proteins and anionic sulfate resides of agaropectin or heparin. The characteristics of heparin-IgG interaction resemble those of heparin with other plasma proteins, the interactions of which have biological significance.
Hydrolysis of Surface-Bound Phosphonate Esters for the Self-Assembly of Multilayer Films:  Use of Solid State Magic Angle Spinning <sup>31</sup>P NMR as a Probe of Reactions on Surfaces (1996)

Solid state static and magic angle spinning (MAS) 31P NMR have been used to assess the efficiency of hydrolysis of surface-bound phosphonate ester moieties using variations of two hydrolysis reactions. Inefficient phosphonate ester hydrolysis has limited the quality of polar hafnium α,ω-bis(phosphonate) multilayer films with nonlinear optical properties prepared in our laboratory. To incorporate second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) activity into self-assembled films, oriented monolayers are prepared using NLO chromophores with a phosphonic acid moiety on one end of the molecule and a phosphonate ester group on the other. After the phosphonic acid end is bound to a surface metal layer, the terminal ester must be converted to a phosphonic acid group via hydrolysis in order to bind additional metal and bis(phosphonate) layers. Such hydrolysis reactions are well-known in solution but are not necessarily efficient when one of the reactants is confined to a surface. To determine the best method of hydrolysis for surface-bound phosphonate esters, 10-(diethylphosphonate)decylphosphonic acid was self-assembled onto Hf-functionalized Cab-O-Sil to give a high-surface-area silica with surface phosphonate ester groups. Samples were hydrolyzed via two different chemical methods under varying conditions. Phosphonic acid and phosphonate ester surface groups have distinct signatures in their solid state static and MAS 31P NMR spectra, and the latter technique provides an unambiguous assessment of the efficiency of different hydrolysis procedures. This type of study is of general utility for evaluating a wide variety of surface reactions.
Studies on the Peptide and Amino Acids of Pueraria tuberosα (1986)

Hamdard College of Pharmacy (University of Delhi), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi-110 062 <em>Manuscript received 8 October 1985, rowed 6 May 2986, accepted </em>2 <em>August 1986</em> Free amino acids and proteinic material are detected in the water extract of <em>Pueraersa tuberosa. </em>By using chromatographic techniques fourteen unbound amino acids are identified. The nature of the protein is found to be oligopeptide which on acid hydrolysis gives eight amino acids
Diet-Derived Polyphenol Metabolite Enterolactone Is a Tissue-Specific Estrogen Receptor Activator (2007)

Numerous dietary compounds can modify gene expression by binding to the members of the nuclear receptor superfamily of transcription factors. For example, dietary polyphenols, such as soy isoflavones genistein and daidzein, modulate the activity of the estrogen receptors (ERs)-alpha and ERbeta. An additional class of dietary polyphenols that modulate cellular signaling pathways are lignans, compounds that are common constituents of Western diets. In this study, we show that a metabolite of dietary lignans, enterolactone, at physiological concentrations, activates ER-mediated transcription in vitro with preference for ERalpha. The effects of enterolactone are mediated by the ER ligand binding domain and are susceptible to antiestrogen treatment. Furthermore, the affinity of enterolactone toward ERalpha, measured by a novel ligand binding assay, is augmented in cell culture conditions. Moreover, our results demonstrate for the first time that enterolactone has estrogenic activity in vivo. In transgenic estrogen-sensitive reporter mice, enterolactone induces tissue-specific estrogen-responsive reporter gene expression as well as promotes uterine stromal edema and expression of estrogen-responsive endogenous genes (CyclinD1 and Ki67). Taken together, our data show that enterolactone is a selective ER agonist inducing ER-mediated transcription both in vitro in different cell lines and in vivo in the mouse uterus.