gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solubility and Mass and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies on Interaction of Cyclosporin A with Dimethyl‐α‐ and ‐β‐Cyclodextrins in Aqueous Solution (1999)

The interaction of cyclosporin A (CsA) with dimethyl-alpha- and -beta-cyclodextrins (DM-alpha-CyD and DM-beta-CyD) was investigated by the solubility method, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and 1H-nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The extremely low solubility (1.9 x 10(-5) M at 25 degreesC) of CsA in water was significantly improved by the complexation with DM-CyDs: for example, the solubility increased 87-fold in the presence of 5.0 x 10(-2) M DM-beta-CyD. The phase solubility diagram of CsA/DM-CyD systems showed an Ap type and the stability constants (1060 M-1 and 1050 M-1, respectively) of the 1:1 CsA/DM-alpha-CyD and CsA/DM-beta-CyD complexes were much higher than those of the 1:2 complexes (15 M-1 and 21 M-1, respectively). In ESI-MS spectra of the CsA/DM-beta-CyD system, a new signal emerged at 1268 which corresponds to the 1:1 adduct of the di-ionized guest molecule with the host molecule. This signal intensity was significantly decreased by the addition of chlorpromazine (CPZ) which has a large stability constant (8800 M-1) of the DM-beta-CyD complex, whereas the signal corresponding to the CPZ/DM-beta-CyD complex was little affected by the addition of CsA, indicating a competitive inclusion of CPZ and CsA within the host cavity. CsA gave many new peaks in the 1H NMR spectrum when the solvent was changed from chloroform to methanol/water, suggesting conformational diversity of CsA in polar solvents. Inspection of 1H-chemical shift changes and the two-dimensional rotating frame nuclear Overhauser effect (ROESY) spectra of the CsA/DM-CyD system suggested that the side chains of amino acids in CsA molecule take part in the inclusion within DM-CyDs, although there is seemingly no preference of particular amino acid residues. All the data obtained here suggested that CsA forms inclusion complexes with DM-alpha- and -beta-CyDs in an aqueous medium and side chains of CsA are mainly involved in the inclusion.
DIFFERENTIAL REGULATION OF SYSTEMIC IL-18 AND IL-12 RELEASE DURING POSTOPERATIVE SEPSIS: HIGH SERUM IL-18 AS AN EARLY PREDICTIVE INDICATOR OF LETHAL OUTCOME (2002)

Systemic levels of the key immune regulatory cytokines IL-12 and IL-18 were measured over time in 66 patients with postoperative sepsis (38 survivors and 28 nonsurvivors). Sepsis mortality was not significantly associated with any of the clinical parameters examined, including age, gender, underlying disease, and surgical procedure. Analysis of cytokine levels showed that during the entire observation period, IL-12 was significantly reduced in sepsis patients compared with control surgical patients without sepsis. IL-12 serum levels did not significantly differ between sepsis survivors and nonsurvivors. In contrast to IL-12, IL-18 serum levels were significantly higher in both surviving and nonsurviving sepsis patients than in controls. Importantly, we also observed that IL-18 levels were significantly increased in patients with lethal sepsis compared with sepsis survivors at all time points studied, including day 1 after sepsis diagnosis. IL-18 levels were significantly increased during the course of lethal sepsis, but remained at a comparable level in sepsis survivors. Logistic regression analysis of IL-18 values measured on days 1 or 2 of sepsis revealed that high serum IL-18 represents an early predictive factor for the lethal outcome of postoperative sepsis. Consistent with previous work in mouse models, our results suggest that IL-12 may contribute to protective immune reactions against a septic challenge, whereas IL-18 may preferentially promote organ injury and lethal shock.
Improved Recommendations Based on Trust Relationships in Social Networks (2017)

In order to alleviate the pressure of information overload and enhance consumer satisfaction, personalization recommendation has become increasingly popular in recent years. As a result, various approaches for recommendation have been proposed in the past few years. However, traditional recommendation methods are still troubled with typical issues such as cold start, sparsity, and low accuracy. To address these problems, this paper proposed an improved recommendation method based on trust relationships in social networks to improve the performance of recommendations. In particular, we define trust relationship afresh and consider several representative factors in the formalization of trust relationships. To verify the proposed approach comprehensively, this paper conducted experiments in three ways. The experimental results show that our proposed approach leads to a substantial increase in prediction accuracy and is very helpful in dealing with cold start and sparsity.
Diff-DAC: Distributed Actor-Critic for Average Multitask Deep Reinforcement Learning (2017)

We propose a fully distributed actor-critic algorithm approximated by deep neural networks, named \textit{Diff-DAC}, with application to single-task and to average multitask reinforcement learning (MRL). Each agent has access to data from its local task only, but it aims to learn a policy that performs well on average for the whole set of tasks. During the learning process, agents communicate their value-policy parameters to their neighbors, diffusing the information across the network, so that they converge to a common policy, with no need for a central node. The method is scalable, since the computational and communication costs per agent grow with its number of neighbors. We derive Diff-DAC's from duality theory and provide novel insights into the standard actor-critic framework, showing that it is actually an instance of the dual ascent method that approximates the solution of a linear program. Experiments suggest that Diff-DAC can outperform the single previous distributed MRL approach (i.e., Dist-MTLPS) and even the centralized architecture.
Learning Probabilistic Splice Graphs from RNA-Seq data (2010)

RNA-Seq technology provides the foundation for accurately measuring gene expression levels when paired with a model for mapping the produced sequencing reads to a reference genome. Because of the shorter length of RNA-Seq reads, a single read is not uniquely mapped to a single location in the genome and requires probabilistic treatment to accurately measure relative expression levels. We present a directed acyclic graph with edge weights learned using the EM algorithm from a collection of RNA-Seq where reads mapping to multiple locations are distributed according to their probability. 1
CROWD: An SDN Approach for DenseNets (2013)

Traffic demands in mobile networks are expected to grow substantially in the next years, both in terms of total traffic volume and of bit-rate required by individual users. It is generally agreed that the only possible solution to overcome the current limitations is to deploy very dense and heterogeneous wireless networks, which we call DenseNets. However, simply scaling down existing networks by orders of magnitude, as required to fulfill traffic forecasts, is not possible because of the following constraints: i) the bottleneck would shift from the Radio Access Network (RAN) to the backhaul, ii) control overhead, especially related to mobility management, would make the network collapse, iii) operational costs of the network would be unbearable due to energy consumption and maintenance/optimisation. In this paper, Software Defined Network (SDN) for mobile networks is claimed as the paradigm shift necessary to tackle adequately the above challenges. A novel architecture is proposed, which supports DenseNets made of overlapping LTE and WLAN cells connected to the core network via a reconfigurable backhaul.
The use of quench reagents for resolution of single transport cycles in sarcoplasmic reticulum. (1979)

ATP-dependent Ca2+ uptake, ATPase phosphorylation, and Pi production by sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles were measured in rapid quench experiments, using trichloroacetic acid, H&+, EGTA, EDTA, and La3+ as quench reagents. Trichloroacetic acid, EDTA, and H&+ cause total inhibition of enzyme activity and loss of accumulated calcium. On the other hand, EGTA and La3+ permit retention of calcium accumulated by the vesicles, while blocking ATP utilization within a time shorter than a single enzyme cycle. While EGTA inhibits specifically enzyme phosphorylation by ATP, La3+ quenches both enzyme phosphorylation and phosphoenzyme cleavage. A significant time lag between block of phosphoenzyme formation and block of phosphoenzyme cleavage suggests that the latter effect requires penetration of La3+ inside the vesicles. ATPase activity is also blocked with EDTA, which can be used for comparative studies on quenching at neutral or acidic pH and detection of possible acidlabile intermediates. It is concluded that the information yield from rapid quench experiments can be greatly enhanced by selective use of reagents displaying specific quench mechanisms. Thereby, it is demonstrated directly that: (a) an initial burst of Ca2+ uptake following addition of ATP is due to a single turnover of enzyme units phosphorylated before quenching, and corresponds to a distinct translocation step occurring with K > 14 s-‘; (b) a step related to hydrolytic cleavage of the phosphorylated intermediate is rate-limiting in the enzyme turnover; (c) the concentration of acid-labile enzyme l phosphate complex is negligible in the presence of ATP and Ca’+; (d) modulation of enzyme activity is dependent on occupancy of cation binding sites exposed to the outer or inner side of the membrane, consistent with a model of shifting site orientation to account for vectorial transport: (e) a state of very low permeability and minimal efflux of intravesicular Ca2+ is obtained only in the presence of ATP and Mg’+, when Ca2+ is dissociated from high affinity ATPase sites.
Comparative characterization of degraded lignin polymer from the organosolv fractionation process with various catalysts and alcohols (2013)

ABSTRACT Triploid poplar was fractionated using mild organosolv process, and detailed characteristic elucidation of the lignin obtained was performed to determine the effects of various chemicals (sodium hydroxide, triethylamine, and formic acid) and solvents (methanol, ethanol, n ‐propanol, and n ‐butanol). Both nondestructive techniques (e.g., NMR technology) and degradation methods (e.g., alkaline nitrobenzene oxidation) were performed to comparatively evaluate the structural degradation of lignin molecules. The addition of acidic and basic catalysts improved the purity of lignin by acid hydrolysis and the cleavage of the ester groups and other types of lignin–carbohydrate interactions formed by polyoses and lignin under the basic conditions. A certain amount of aryl alkyl ether linkages (β‐O‐4) was cleaved during the fractionation process, whereas other carbon–carbon linkages were resistant to degradation. The formation of new carbon–carbon bonds led to the lignin fraction with obviously higher molecular weight and thermal stability, resulting from the induced carbon cation under the acidic condition. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014 , 131 , 39673.
Protein Turnover During Aging of Cultured Human Fibroblasts (1990)

RÉSUMÉ Les cellules qui vieillissent in vitro ou bien celles qui sont prélevées de donneurs d'àge avancé ou de sujets manifestant certaines des particularités qui s'apparentent à un vieillissement accéléré (progérie ou le syndrome de Werner), peuvent être qualifiées de 'vieilles'. Celles-ci on des taux de croissance ralentis en milieu de culture si on les compare aux cellules nouvelles ou à mi-passage prélevées de jeunes donneurs normaux. Durant la croissance exponentielle, les taux de constantes pour la synthèse protéique dans les jeunes cellules ne sont pas significativement différents de ceux retrouvés dans les vieilles cellules (0.023 ± 0.002 h 1 vs. 0.021 ± 0.002 h 1 respectivement) et pourtant les taux de croissance (i.e. accrétion protéique) sont de seulement 0.013±0.003 h 1 dans les vieilles cellules comparés à 0.022±0.002 h 1 dans les jeunes cellules. Done, le taux ralenti d'accumulation protéique durant la croissance des vieilles cellules comparé aux jeunes cellules est associé à une dégradation protéique accélérée (0.01±0.002 h 1 vs 0.001 ±0.002 h 1 ; P <0.05) plutôt qu'à des taux ralentis de synthèse protéique. Lorsque les cellules deviennent quiescentes suivant une période d'inhibition de croissance due à la densité, les taux de synthèse protéique diminuent dans les jeunes et les vieilles cellules pour aboutir à des niveaux comparables (0.013±0.002 h 1 ) où les taux de croissance (0.003±0.0003 h 1 ) et de dégradation (0.01±0.003 h 1 ) ne sont significativement pas differents dans les deux groupes. Done, ce n'est qu'en période de croissance exponentielle qu'une différence dans le turn-over protéique entre jeunes et vieilles cellules est observée, alors que la dégradation est accélérée dans les vieilles cellules. La relation causale entre la dégradation protéique accélérée et les taux de croissance ralentis dans les vieilles cellules demeure inconnue.
Association between metabolically healthy central obesity in women and levels of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products, soluble vascular adhesion protein-1, and activity of semicarbazide-sensitive amine oxidase (2017)

COH women present abnormalities in non-standard markers of cardiometabolic risk (sRAGE, leptin, high sensitive C-reactive protein), supporting the view that there is no healthy pattern of obesity. The clinical impact of our findings for future prognosis of metabolically healthy obese subjects remains to be elucidated in longitudinal studies.
Growth and Metabolism of Mannitol by Strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1987)

Of 40 polyploid strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae screened for growth on D-mannitol (5%, w/v), half grew well (5-20 mg dry biomass ml-1). Certain of these strains were unable to grow on low concentrations of mannitol (1-2%, w/v) and others, initially unable to grow on mannitol, exhibited long-term adaptation to growth. An NAD+-dependent D-mannitol dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.67) was detected in mannitol-grown yeast. Growth was dependent on mitochondrial function and was obligately aerobic. Measurement of products of metabolism and respiratory activity indicated that growth on mannitol allows catabolite derepression.
Surface Fractals in Block Copolymers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSurface Fractals in Block CopolymersRui Xie, Bingxing Yang, and Bingzheng JiangCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 8, 1997–2001Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00086a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00086a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views111Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The action of certain antibiotics on mitochondrial, erythrocyte and artificial phospholipid membranes. The role of induced proton permeability (1969)

1. The action of the antibiotics enniatin A, valinomycin, the actin homologues, gramicidin, nigericin and dianemycin on mitochondria, erythrocytes and smectic mesophases of lecithin-dicetyl hydrogen phosphate was studied. 2. These antibiotics induced permeability to alkali-metal cations on all three membrane systems. 3. The ion specificity on each membrane system was the same. 4. Enniatin A, valinomycin and the actins did not induce permeability to protons, whereas nigericin and dianemycin rendered all three membrane systems freely permeable to protons. 5. Several differences were noted between permeability induced by nigericin and that induced by gramicidin. 6. The action of all these antibiotics on mitochondrial respiration could be accounted for by changes in passive ion permeability of the mitochondrial membrane similar to those induced in erythrocytes and phospholipid membranes, if it is assumed that a membrane potential is present in respiring mitochondria.
Ermittlung der Werbewirkung mit Hilfe von Korrelationsvergleichen (1972)

Fischerkoesen52) untersucht die Werbewirkung auf die Präferenzhöhe in zwei aufeinander aufbauenden Schritten: Zunächst prüft er, ob die Werbung überhaupt einen Einfluß auf die Präferenz hatte, unabhängig von der Richtung und quantitativen Ausprägung dieses Einflusses im Durchschnitt der Vpn. In einem zweiten Schritt beantwortet er die Frage nach Richtung und Höhe der Werbewirkung.
High throughput quantitative proteomic analysis of cellular host response to influenza virus in primary human monocyte-derived macrophages (2011)

Host response to infection with pathogens such as influenza viruses serves to primarily generate immune responses in an attempt to counter the invading pathogens. Consequently, how the host interacts with the virus not only has important influence on its pathogenesis, but also its transmission in a population and dissemination within the infected host. On the other hand, an overly active immune response may actually lead to excessive inflammation, which could be detrimental to the host as many lines of evidence have suggested for human H5N1 infection and the 1918 H1N1 pandemic virus. Macrophages are key orchestrator of the immune response and being one of the most abundant cell types in the respiratory system that can be infected with influenza viruses. Therefore, this study aims utilize high-throughput mass spectrometry to compare time series global proteomic profiles of primary human monocyte-derived macrophages infected with highly pathogenic H5N1 and seasonal H1N1 influenza viruses, in order to allow combinational analysis of proteomic datasets with existing body of transcriptomic datasets to provide further insight into the cellular and molecular host response to influenza virus infection. Global proteomic profiling of influenza virus infected macrophages revealed that many of the proteome changes could not be accounted for by transcriptomic profiling with microarrays. The low concordance of the global proteome profiling results with transcriptomic data indicates that high throughput quantitative proteomic analysis can provide a significant additional dimension to enable combinational analysis with existing datasets from studies using high-throughput genomic platforms. Results from this study suggest proteome changes in infected macrophages that were common to both viruses could be involved in processes that are similar, such as viral replication as both viruses replicate equally well in our macrophage model. On the other hand, pathways derived from analysis of differentially affected proteomes may contribute to the high pathogenic nature of H5N1 viruses. Therefore systematic integrative analysis of datasets from different sources could significantly contribute to detecting differentially expressed genes or pathways that are of relevance during virus infection and allows assessment of heterogeneity. This is likely to contribute to target identification for host-directed treatment of disease caused by influenza viruses.
Effect of left ventricular assist device on acute left ventricular failure (2000)

Objective To evaluate the effect of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) on acute left ventricular failure in dogs. Methods A model of acute left ventricular failure was established and then LVAD with a pneumatic pulsatile sac-type pump was performed for 180 minutes. The changes of hemodynamics ultrastructure of myocardium and the neuroendocrine activation were assessed at different flows (high, middle and low) during the period of 180 minutes. Results Pulmonary capillary wedged pressure, plasma renin activity, angiotension II, endothelin were significantly decreased the mean aortic pressure, cardiac index, left ventricular work index and nitric oxide were significantly improved during LVAD. The swelling of cells and mitochondria were reduced. Conclusion It is beneficial to use LVAD at different flows on acute left heart failure, the best effect was obtained with medium flow.
Synthesis and electrical properties of polyacetylene copolymers from poly(phenyl vinyl sulfoxide) and its oxidized products (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and electrical properties of polyacetylene copolymers from poly(phenyl vinyl sulfoxide) and its oxidized productsLouis M. Leung and Kam Ho TanCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 17, 4426–4436Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00069a006https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00069a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views289Altmetric-Citations18LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Magnetic Resonance Imaging During Healing of Surgically Repaired Achilles Tendon Ruptures (1997)

Twenty consecutive patients with 21 surgically repaired Achilles tendon ruptures were imaged with a 0.1-T magnet at 3 and 6 weeks, and at 3 and 6 months after surgery. Clinical follow-up examinations and functional tests were performed at the time of scanning. An intratendinous area of high-intensity signal was observed in 19 of the 21 surgically repaired Achilles tendons at 3 months after surgery on proton density- and T2-weighted images. The three patients with the largest lesions had clinically poor outcomes at 3 months, whereas those with smaller intratendinous lesions had normal recoveries. Furthermore, patients with an abnormal walk at 3 months (N = 5) had statistically larger intratendinous lesions than patients who could walk normally. In all patients the cross-sectional area of the rejoined Achilles tendon showed the largest increase after cast removal (between 6 weeks and 3 months after surgery). In all cases the largest tendon area was measured at 3 months after surgery. Magnetic resonance imaging provides a precise valuable tool to evaluate the postsurgical internal structure of the surgically repaired Achilles tendon.