gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Reducing electrical crosstalk in laser-diode array modules by using a film-carrier interconnection (1995)

Interconnecting the laser-diode (LD) arrays in a LD array module with a film-carrier reduces electrical crosstalk by about 8 dB. This value agrees well with the analytical value of 10 dB obtained by SPICE simulation. Application of this new technique to a prototype four-channel dual-electrode distributed-feedback LD array module for optical frequency-division-multiplexing achieved a flat response up to 2.3 GHz and a crosstalk of less than 30 dB for frequencies below 1 GHz. >
Propagating the missing bacteriophages: a large bacteriophage in a new class. (2007)

The number of successful propagations/isolations of soil-borne bacteriophages is small in comparison to the number of bacteriophages observed by microscopy (great plaque count anomaly). As one resolution of the great plaque count anomaly, we use propagation in ultra-dilute agarose gels to isolate a Bacillus thuringiensis bacteriophage with a large head (95 nm in diameter), tail (486 x 26 nm), corkscrew-like tail fibers (187 x 10 nm) and genome (221 Kb) that cannot be detected by the usual procedures of microbiology. This new bacteriophage, called 0305phi8-36 (first number is month/year of isolation; remaining two numbers identify the host and bacteriophage), has a high dependence of plaque size on the concentration of a supporting agarose gel. Bacteriophage 0305phi8-36 does not propagate in the traditional gels used for bacteriophage plaque formation and also does not produce visible lysis of liquid cultures. Bacteriophage 0305phi8-36 aggregates and, during de novo isolation from the environment, is likely to be invisible to procedures of physical detection that use either filtration or centrifugal pelleting to remove bacteria. Bacteriophage 0305phi8-36 is in a new genomic class, based on genes for both structural components and DNA packaging ATPase. Thus, knowledge of environmental virus diversity is expanded with prospect of greater future expansion.
Correction of presbyopia with refractive multifocal phakic intraocular lenses (2004)

Implantation of an anterior chamber multifocal phakic IOL to correct presbyopia was effective and gave good predictability. The procedure is reversible in cases of patient intolerance to the IOL, unwanted optical phenomena, or complications. Strict inclusion criteria should be used for patient selection.
Dynamic reorganization of microfilaments and microtubules is necessary for the expression of non‐host resistance in barley coleoptile cells (1997)

Summary To show the involvement of microfilaments and microtubules in non‐host resistance of barley, partially dissected coleoptiles which had been inoculated with a non‐pathogen, Erysiphe pisi , were treated with several actin and tubulin inhibitors. If the coleoptiles were not treated with any of the inhibitors, the non‐pathogen always failed to penetrate the coleoptile cells. However, when coleoptiles were treated with actin or tubulin polymerization or depolymerization inhibitors, the non‐pathogen was able to penetrate successfully and to form haustoria in coleoptile cells of a non‐host plant, barley. Actin polymerization inhibitors, cytochalasins, were more effective in causing an increase in penetration efficiency of E. pisi than tubulin inhibitors. The effects of cytochalasins depended on the kind of cytochalasin; the strength of the actin depolymerizing activity correlated significantly with the efficiency of increasing the penetration of the non‐pathogen. When both actin and tubulin inhibitors were added simultaneously, the polarization of defense‐related responses, such as massive cytoplasmic aggregation, deposition of papillae and accumulation of autofluorescent compounds, at fungal penetration sites was suppressed. Actin inhibitors did not affect arrangement and stability of microtubules and vice versa, and a double treatment of coleoptile cells with both microfilament and microtubule inhibitors showed an additive effect in increasing the penetration efficiency of E. pisi . Furthermore, cytochalasin A treatment allowed other non‐pathogens, Colletotrichum lagenarium and Alternaria alternata , to penetrate successfully into the non‐host barley cells. These results strongly suggest that microfilaments and microtubules might play important roles in the expression of non‐host resistance of barley.
Highly Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Enol Acetates Catalyzed by Ru−TunaPhos Complexes (2002)

[reaction: see text] The chiral disphosphines with tunable dihedral angles (TunaPhos) have been used for asymmetric hydrogenation of enol acetates and dihedral-angle-dependent enantioselectivities were observed. C2-TunaPhos has been proved to be effective for Ru-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation of electron-deficient and other enol acetates.
pH-Stimulated Concurrent Mechanical Activation of Two DNA “Tweezers”. A “SET−RESET” Logic Gate System (2009)

A DNA tweezer consisting of C-rich arms is kept in the "closed" form by hybridization of the arms with a nucleic acid cross-linker. At acidic pH (pH = 5.2), the arms are stabilized through the formation of the i-motif, C-quadruplex structures, releasing the cross-linking nucleic acid and transforming the tweezer to its "opened" state. At neutral pH (pH = 7.2), the C-quadruplex structures are dissociated, resulting in the capturing of the cross-linking nucleic acid and the closure of the tweezer. By the reversible treatment of the tweezer at pH = 5.2 and at pH = 7.2, the tweezer system is cycled between the open and closed states, respectively, followed by a FRET process between a fluorophore-quencher pair that labels the tweezer. Also the concurrent activation of two DNA tweezers by pH stimuli is described. The pH-induced opening of one tweezer (tweezer A) by the formation of C-quadruplex (pH = 5.2) and the release of the cross-linking nucleic acid result in the closure of a second tweezer (tweezer B) by the hybridization of the released strand with the arms of tweezer B. The dissociation of the C-quadruplex structures (pH = 7.2) results in the favored translocation of the cross-linking nucleic acid from tweezer B to A. By the cycling of the pH of the system between pH = 5.2 and pH = 7.2, the concurrent opening and closure of the two tweezers are accomplished. The two tweezers system performs a SET-RESET logic gate operation, where the pH stimuli act as inputs.
Surgery : scientific principles and practice (2001)

For surgical residents and clinical practitioners, this text balances scientific principles with clinical practice. The book begins with a section devoted to basic topics such as biology, metabolism, inflammation, wound healing and oncology. Other chapters cover organ systems and give details of their normal anatomy and physiology. The contributors place emphasis upon modern approaches to diagnosis and management along with descriptions of surgical techniques.
Quantum-chemical Investigation of Substituted s-Tetrazine Derivatives as Energetic Materials (2012)

s-Tetrazine is the essential candidate of many energetic compounds due to its high nitrogen content, enthalpy of formation and thermal stability. The present study explores the design of s-tetrazine derivatives in which different -NO2, -NH2 and -N3 substituted azoles are attached to the tetrazine ring via C-N linkage. The density functional theory (DFT) is used to predict the geometries, heats of formation (HOFs) and other energetic properties. The predicted results show that azide group plays a very important role in increasing HOF values of the s-tetrazine derivatives. The densities for designed molecules were predicted by using the crystal packing calculations. The introduction of -NO2 group improves the density as compared to -N3, and -NH2 groups and hence the detonation performance. Bond dissociation energy analysis and insensitivity correlations revealed that amino derivatives are better candidates considering insensitivity and stability.
A Convex Formulation for Learning from Crowds (2021)

Recently crowdsourcing services are often used to collect a large amount of labeled data for machine learning, since they provide us an easy way to get labels at very low cost and in a short period. The use of crowdsourcing has introduced a new challenge in machine learning, that is, coping with the variable quality of crowd-generated data. Although there have been many recent attempts to address the quality problem of multiple workers, only a few of the existing methods consider the problem of learning classifiers directly from such noisy data. All these methods modeled the true labels as latent variables, which resulted in non-convex optimization problems. In this paper, we propose a convex optimization formulation for learning from crowds without estimating the true labels by introducing personal models of the individual crowd workers. We also devise an efficient iterative method for solving the convex optimization problems by exploiting conditional independence structures in multiple classifiers. We evaluate the proposed method against three competing methods on synthetic data sets and a real crowdsourced data set and demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the other three methods.
The Transformation of 3-Amino-2-iminooxazolidines to Semicarbazone Derivatives<sup>1</sup> (1964)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Transformation of 3-Amino-2-iminooxazolidines to Semicarbazone Derivatives1Frank F. EbetinoCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1964, 29, 9, 2582–2585Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1964Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1964https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01032a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01032a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views98Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A comparative study of the cryopreservation of human erythrocytes, ghosts and liposomes (1988)

Conference Article| June 01 1988 A comparative study of the cryopreservation of human erythrocytes, ghosts and liposomes CHARLES A. BREARLEY; CHARLES A. BREARLEY 1Department of Pharmacy, Brighton Polytechnic, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar ANDREW W. LLOYD; ANDREW W. LLOYD 1Department of Pharmacy, Brighton Polytechnic, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar NORMAN A. HODGES; NORMAN A. HODGES 1Department of Pharmacy, Brighton Polytechnic, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar CEDRIC J. OLLIFF CEDRIC J. OLLIFF 1Department of Pharmacy, Brighton Polytechnic, Moulsecoomb, Brighton BN2 4GJ, U.K. Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem Soc Trans (1988) 16 (3): 354. https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160354 Article history Received: November 27 1987 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn MailTo Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation CHARLES A. BREARLEY, ANDREW W. LLOYD, NORMAN A. HODGES, CEDRIC J. OLLIFF; A comparative study of the cryopreservation of human erythrocytes, ghosts and liposomes. Biochem Soc Trans 1 June 1988; 16 (3): 354. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bst0160354 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Society Transactions Search Advanced Search This content is only available as a PDF. © 1988 Biochemical Society1988 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Cytokines of the Lung (1990)

Communication between cells determines the steady-state composition of the lung in health and becomes a critical determinant of outcome in pathologic processes resulting in anatomic remodeling. This review presents the evolving concepts of the biology of cytokines (also known as peptide growth factors or biological response modifiers) in maintaining normal tissue growth and homeostasis. How these extracellular signaling proteins are involved in such pathologic disorders as spontaneous pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis, pneumoconiosis, and the evolution and recovery from acute lung injury is also discussed. During the past decade the cytokines have come to the fore as important multifunctional mediators of cell behavior and cell-cell communication. A wide range of cellular responses are influenced or triggered when cytokines interact with cells. These include mitosis, chemotaxis, angiogenesis, cytoskeleton arrangement, immunomodulation, and extracellular matrix production. Cytokines influence cell behavior by binding to specific high affinity surface receptors on target cells. These receptors are linked in turn at the cell membrane to a complex array of intracellular signaling pathways. Individual cytokines may inhibit as well as promote cellular functions such as mitosis and thereby play a critical role in homeostasis of normal tissue elements. Hence, cytokines are intimately involved in normal tissue homeostasis as well as in processes eventuating in growth and remodeling. All cells produce and secrete cytokines at some time during their life. Each cytokine is capable of modulating more than one cellular function. Although produced by a variety of cell types, the triggers that induce a specific cytokine to be produced differ between cells. Many of the cytokines share regions of homologous nucleic acid sequences, suggesting that they are members of larger gene families. Given that tissues and cells are exposed to complex cytokine mixtures rather than to individual cytokines, recent attention has turned to understanding how cytokines interact. The combined effects of cytokine mixtures have proved to be both complex and unpredictable based on knowledge of the separate actions of the individual cytokines involved. In studies of the role of cytokines in lung disease, early research attention has focused on those cytokines released by alveolar macrophages (the so-called macrophage-derived growth factors). However, structural cells as well as immune effector cells of the lung are capable of cytokine production and release. The cytokines receiving the most attention to date in relation to pulmonary diseases include platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), interleukin-1 (IL-1), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-I), and, most recently, interleukin-6 (IL-6).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Predicting Fluid Responsiveness in Acute Liver Failure: A Prospective Study (2016)

PPV based on pulse contour analysis predicted fluid responsiveness in ALF.
Single‐exposure dual‐energy computed radiography (1990)

This paper focuses on analysis and development of a single-exposure dual-energy digital radiographic method using computed radiography (Fuji FCR-101 storage phosphor system). A detector sandwich consisting of storage phosphor imaging plates and an interdetector filter is used. The goal of this process is to provide a simple dual-energy method using typical plane-projection radiographic equipment and techniques. This approach exploits the transparency of the storage phosphor plates, using radiographic information that would be otherwise lost, to provide energy selective information essentially as a by-product of the radiographic examination. In order to effectively make use of the large dynamic range of the storage phosphor imaging plates (10,000:1), a computed radiography image reading mode of fixed analog-to-digital converter gain and variable photomultiplier sensitivity provides image data which can be related to relative incident exposure for export to the decomposition algorithm. Scatter rejection requirements necessitated crossed 12:1 grids for a field size of 36 x 36 cm. Optimal technique parameters obtained from computer simulation through minimization of the aluminum and Plexiglas equivalent image uncertainty under conditions of constant absorbed does resulted as: 100 kVp using a 0.15-mm-thick tin (Sn) interdetector filter for the lung field. This yields a surface exposure of 23 mR and a surface absorbed dose of 0.26 mGy for a 23-cm-thick chest. Clinical application in evaluation of the solitary pulmonary nodule is discussed, along with an image set demonstrating this application.
NetFPGA--An Open Platform for Gigabit-Rate Network Switching and Routing (2007)

The NetFPGA platform enables students and researchers to build high-performance networking systems in hardware. A new version of the NetFPGA platform has been developed and is available for use by the academic community. The NetFPGA 2.1 platform now has interfaces that can be parameterized, therefore enabling development of modular hardware designs with varied word sizes. It also includes more logic and faster memory than the previous platform. Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) logic is used to implement the core data processing functions while software running on embedded cores within the FPGA and/or programs running on an attached host computer implement only control functions. Reference designs and component libraries have been developed for the CS344 course at Stanford University. Open-source Verilog code is available for download from the project website.
Three Dimensional Sound Field Reproduction using Multiple Circular Loudspeaker Arrays: Functional Analysis Guided Approach (2014)

Three dimensional sound field reproduction based on higher order Ambisonics requires the placement of loudspeakers on a sphere that surrounds the target reproduction region. The deployment of a spherical array is not trivial especially for implementation in real rooms where the placement flexibility is highly desirable. This paper proposes a design of multiple circular loudspeaker arrays for reproducing three dimensional sound fields originating from a limited region of interest. We apply a functional analysis framework to formulate the sound field reproduction problem in a closed form. Secondary source distributions and target sound fields are modeled as two Hilbert spaces and mapped by an integral operator and its adjoint operator, from which a self-adjoint operator is constructed and the singular value decomposition is applied to represent source distributions and sound fields with two sets of interrelated singular functions. We derive the solutions for a circular secondary source arrangement and propose the design of placing multiple circular loudspeaker arrays only over the limited region of interest. Such a design allows for non-spherical and non-uniform loudspeaker placement and thus provides a flexible array arrangement. The reproduction accuracy of the proposed method is verified through numerical simulations.
Smart polymeric coatings—recent advances (2007)

Abstract There is an ever‐growing number of developments that aim to bring novel functionalities to polymer‐coating systems with nanotechnology being one of them. This article will cover recent advances in the field of smart polymeric structures that are used in protective coatings in terms of stimulus and response, sensing mechanisms, and current or potential applications. Such structures are commonly based on polymers modified through organic or inorganic additives. Emphasis is placed on smart sensors used for detecting the onset of corrosion on polymer coated ferrous and nonferrous substrates. Examples of self‐healing and repair through the action of microcapsules are also presented. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Adv Polym Techn 26:1–13, 2007; Published online in Wiley InterScience ( www.interscience.wiley.com ). DOI 10.1002/adv.20083
The simian virus 40 T antigen double hexamer assembles around the DNA at the replication origin. (1992)

An initial step in the replication of simian virus (SV40) DNA is the ATP-dependent formation of a double hexamer of the SV40 large tumor (T) antigen at the SV40 DNA replication origin. In the absence of DNA, T antigen assembled into hexamers in the presence of magnesium and ATP. Hexameric T antigen was stable and could be isolated by glycerol gradient centrifugation. The ATPase activities of hexameric and monomeric T antigen isolated from parallel glycerol gradients were identical. However, while monomeric T antigen was active in the ATP-dependent binding, untwisting, unwinding, and replication of SV40 origin-containing DNA, hexameric T antigen was inactive in these reactions. Isolated hexamers incubated at 37 degrees C in the presence of ATP remained intact, but dissociated into monomers when incubated at 37 degrees C in the absence of ATP. This dissociation restored the activity of these preparations in the DNA replication reaction, indicating that hexameric T antigen is not permanently inactivated but merely assembled into a nonproductive structure. We propose that the two hexamers of T antigen at the SV40 origin assemble around the DNA from monomer T antigen in solution. This complex untwists the DNA at the origin, melting specific DNA sequences. The resulting single-stranded regions may be utilized by the T antigen helicase activity to initiate DNA unwinding bidirectionally from the origin.
A preliminary study on multi-view video streaming over underwater acoustic networks (2013)

Several techniques to realize multi-view video streaming have been recently proposed for terrestrial wireless networks. Multi-view video allows users to watch object of interest from different angle and can be applied to many applications. Nonetheless, the existing techniques do not cater for high-latency networks, such as underwater acoustic networks. Due to the slow speed of sound in water, the response delay of multi-view video becomes longer, which in turn degrades users' experience. This paper proposes a new approach, called Feedback-based Multi-view video Streaming for Underwater Acoustic Networks (FMS-UAN) so as to reduce the response delay of multi-view video streaming. FMS-UAN has two unique features. First, a sender can transmit its predicted frames before receiving feedback frame from a receiver node. We exploit long propagation delay by allowing both sender and receiver to simultaneously transmit their respective frames to each other in a collision-free manner. Second, even if the prediction was wrong, the sender still can encode the correct frame area with transmitted frames to reduce the retransmission bit-rate.