gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Molecular Weight and Conformation on Photoluminescence Quantum Yield of Fluorene/poly(2-methoxy-5-(2<sup>′</sup>-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylene vinylene) (MEH−PPV) Copolymers (2013)

Improving the photoluminescence quantum yield of conjugated polymer films is very important for color-conversion materials and polymer-based photo-electronic devices. We investigated the effect of the molecular weight and conformation of fluorene/MEH−PPV copolymers on the photoluminescence quantum yield of conjugated polymer films. The films cast from high molecular weight copolymers had high quantum yields (61.2 ± 5.0%) and flexible-coil conformation. The quantum yields of low molecular weight copolymers were significantly lower following film formation (26.8 ± 0.05%) and rod-like conformation. Large reduction in the 0−0 emission band was observed following quantum yield reduction, suggesting increased energy transfer rate. The low molecular weight polymers were prone to easy π-π stack structure formation due to their stretched conformation. This structure promoted the energy transfer rate between polymers and thus the energy that comes to quenching sites increased, leading to the reduction in quantum yield. Although the reduction in the quantum yield of conjugated polymer films is generally attributed to aggregate formation, the red-shift in the absorbance and photoluminescence spectra following film formation, which indicate aggregate formation, was small and uncorrelated with the quantum yield.
Activation of a suppressor T-cell pathway by interferon. (1982)

In addition to antiviral activities, murine fibroblast (type I) interferon (IFN-beta) suppresses immune responses. The mechanism(s) by which IFN-beta suppresses antibody responses by murine spleen cells to sheep erythrocytes in vitro has been investigated. IFN-beta-mediated suppression is partially or completely prevented by catalase, 2-mercaptoethanol, and certain peroxidase substrates (ascorbic acid, potassium iodide, and tyrosine). These same reagents also block suppression by mediators from concanavalin A-activated murine suppressor T cells, soluble immune response suppressor (SIRS)/macrophage-derived suppressor factor (Mphi-SF), and act by inactivating Mphi-SF or preventing formation of Mphi-SF from SIRS. Therefore, these experiments suggested that IFN-beta may act by inducing production of a molecule that has properties of SIRS. Treatment of spleen cells with IFN-beta leads to generation of a population of Lyt2+ suppressor T cells that acts by elaborating a soluble factor. This IFN-beta-induced suppressor T-cell factor (IFN-TsF) has properties in common with SIRS. First, both SIRS and IFN-TsF suppress antibody responses with the same characteristic kinetic pattern; responses initiate normally but prematurely terminate after day 4 of culture. Second, IFN-TsF and SIRS are of comparable size (45,000-55,000 daltons) and are converted to Mphi-SF by low (1 microM) concentrations of H2O2 or by macrophages. Third, Mphi-SF obtained from IFN-TsF or SIRS is inactivated by similar concentrations of reagents such as ascorbic acid, potassium iodide, and 2-mercaptoethanol. These data show that the immunosuppressive properties of IFN-beta are due, at least in part, to its ability to activate suppressor T cells that produce mediators that appear to be analogous to those in the SIRS/Mphi-SF pathway of immunosuppression.
Social intrapreneurship integral model from the university the case of universities societies foundations a case study (2013)

La presente investigacion, busca relacionar diferentes variables que generan resultados positivos en el intraemprendimiento social dentro de la Universidad, asi como comparar las organizaciones (fundaciones, institutos o centros) emanados de la universidad y el impacto que generan en la comunidad. Dada la escasa literatura acerca del intraemprendimiento social se basara en trabajos sobre emprendimiento social e intraemprendimiento en general. Ahora bien, el emprendimiento social tiene en su mision el apoyo y desarrollo de la comunidad. El emprendimiento social como un compromiso para crear nuevos modelos de actividad para desarrollar productos y servicios que satisfacen las necesidades basicas de colectivos desatendidos por las instituciones sociales y economicas convencionales. (Isidro, P 2005). Por otro lado tenemos algunas manifestaciones de emprendedores sociales Los emprendedores sociales no se quedan satisfechos repartiendo pescado, ni siquiera ensenando a pescar. No descansaran hasta revolucionar la industria pesquera. (Bill Drayton, Fundador de Ashoka. Para analizar el tema del intraemprendimiento social, se iniciara con la investigacion realizada por ( Bojica, A; 2009 ) acerca del emprendimiento organizacional. Bajo este concepto, se han reunido multiples y a veces diferentes fenomenos organizacionales, como son la creacion de un nuevo negocio por una empresa existente (Block y Mc Millan 1993), la promocion de nuevas ideas de productos y procesos por un individuo o un grupo de individuos dentro de la organizacion, frecuentemente llamada intraemprendimiento (Pinchot 1985) o una filosofia emprendedora impregnada en el perfil de la organizacion y en sus operaciones, conocida como gestion emprendedora ( Stevenson y Jarillo 1990 ) orientacion emprendedora ( Lumpkin y Dees 1996), postura emprendedora ( Covin y Slevin, 1991) o emprendedor estrategico ( Ireland et al, 2003).
Unconscious Processing of Facial Emotional Valence Relation: Behavioral Evidence of Integration between Subliminally Perceived Stimuli (2016)

Although a few studies have investigated the integration between some types of unconscious stimuli, no research has yet explored the integration between unconscious emotional stimuli. This study was designed to provide behavioral evidence for the integration between unconsciously perceived emotional faces (same or different valence relation) using a modified priming paradigm. In two experiments, participants were asked to decide whether two faces in the target, which followed two subliminally presented faces of same or different emotional expressions, were of the same or different emotional valence. The interstimulus interval (ISI) between the prime and the target was manipulated (0, 53, 163 ms). In Experiment 1, prime visibility was assessed post-experiment. In Experiment 2, it was assessed on each trial. Interestingly, in both experiments, unconsciously processed valence relation of the two faces in the prime generated a negative priming effect in the response to the supraliminally presented target, independent of the length of ISI. Further analyses suggested that the negative priming was probably caused by a motor response incongruent relation between the subliminally perceived prime and the supraliminally perceived target. The visual feature incongruent relation across the prime and target was not found to play a role in the negative priming. Because the negative priming was found at short ISI, an attention mechanism as well as a motor inhibition mechanism were proposed in the generation of the negative priming effect. Overall, this study indicated that the subliminal valence relation was processed, and that integration between different unconsciously perceived stimuli could occur.
Pyrimidine reactions. XXVII. Syntheses, reactivities and mass spectra of some 2-isopropylpyrimidine derivatives (1978)

Syntheses of 2-(1'-bromo-1'-methylethyl)-4-chloropyrimidine (1c) and its 4-fluoro analogue (1f) are described. Rates for solvolysis of these and similar bromo compounds in 50% aqueous methanol at pH 7.0 are recorded at several temperatures. These data and some unusual facets of the mass spectra shown by 2-isopropylpyrimidines, and their a-bromo or a-methoxy derivatives, are discussed.
Influence of the Polypyridyl (pp) Ligand Size on the DNA Binding Properties, Cytotoxicity and Cellular Uptake of Organoruthenium(II) Complexes of the Type [(η<sup>6</sup>‐C<sub>6</sub>Me<sub>6</sub>)Ru(L)(pp)]<sup><i>n</i>+</sup> [L = Cl, <i>n</i> = 1; L = (NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CS, <i>n</i> = 2] (2007)

Abstract The DNA binding of polypyridyl (pp) (η 6 ‐hexamethylbenzene)ruthenium(II) complexes of the type [(η 6 ‐C 6 Me 6 )RuCl(pp)](CF 3 SO 3 ) (pp = phen, tap, dpq, dppz, dppn) 1 – 5 and [(η 6 ‐C 6 Me 6 )Ru{(NH 2 ) 2 CS}(pp)](CF 3 SO 3 ) 2 (pp = dpq, dppz, dppn) 6 – 8 has been studied by UV/Vis spectroscopy, circular dichroism and viscosity measurements. Complexes 3 – 5 , 7 and 8 are potent cytotoxic agents towards the human cancer cell lines MCF‐7 and HT‐29. Stable intercalative binding into CT DNA is indicated for the dpq and dppz complexes by large increases Δ T m of 12–25 °C in the DNA thermal denaturation temperature for r = [complex]/[DNA] = 0.1. Large viscosity increases for DNA in the presence of 3 and 4 are also in accordance with this binding mode as are the pronounced hypochromic UV/Vis shifts for the π–π* transitions of the dppz ligands of 4 and 7 in the range 360–400 nm. A small Δ T m value of 2 °C and effectively unchanged viscosity suggest that Ru–N (nucleobase) coordinative binding is thermodynamically preferred for the larger polypyridyl ligand of 5 under equilibrium conditions, as is also the case for the small ligands phen and tap in complexes 1 and 2 . CD spectra indicate that the B DNA conformation is essentially retained for interaction with the chloro complexes 1 – 5 but that very significant distortions occur for the thiourea complexes 6 – 8 . The in vitro cytotoxicities of the chloro complexes 3 – 5 are dependent on the size of the polypyridyl ligand with IC 50 values increasing in the order dppn < dppz < dpq: for instance IC 50 values of 11.1, 2.12, and 0.13 μ M were determined for 3 – 5 towards MCF‐7. These values correlate well with the cellular uptake efficiency which increases from 1.1 over 146.6 to 906.7 ng(Ru)/mg (protein) within the series 3 – 5 . (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
A low common mode noise bridgeless boost-buck-boost power factor correction rectifier (2012)

In this paper, a new topology for single phase power factor correction (PFC) rectifier is proposed with the intent to reduce the common mode current. The proposed PFC rectifier merges the boost and buck-boost converter by sharing an inductor and removes all the bridge diodes to simplify the circuit structure. It features the solid connection between input and output voltage ground terminals, which reduces common mode current. The principle of operation and control algorithm of the proposed rectifier are presented. Experimental results verify that the proposed rectifier shows lower common- mode noise than its conventional counterpart with comparable efficiency.
A New Scheme for Network Selection in Heterogeneous Wireless Network using Fuzzy Logic (2014)

Ensuring seamless and reliable switching across different constituent technologies is the basic requirement of heterogeneous wireless networks. IEEE 802.21 standard is recommended for 4G networks for coordinating among different mobile network for better services. Still, there exists a scope of further improving its performance by introducing the fuzzy logic concepts in it. The present work aims in this direction where a fuzzy interface system is designed using four different parameters viz. speed of mobile terminal, available bandwidth, received signal strength and number of users. The simulation result show that the number of vertical handoffs in the proposed technique reduced by 27% as compared to the existing fuzzy approach and by 42% as compared to the classical approach.
Development and Characterization of a Mouse Model for Marburg Hemorrhagic Fever (2009)

The lack of a mouse model has hampered an understanding of the pathogenesis and immunity of Marburg hemorrhagic fever (MHF), the disease caused by marburgvirus (MARV), and has created a bottleneck in the development of antiviral therapeutics. Primary isolates of the filoviruses, i.e., ebolavirus (EBOV) and MARV, are not lethal to immunocompetent adult mice. Previously, pathological, virologic, and immunologic evaluation of a mouse-adapted EBOV, developed by sequential passages in suckling mice, identified many similarities between this model and EBOV infections in nonhuman primates. We recently demonstrated that serially passaging virus recovered from the liver homogenates of MARV-infected immunodeficient (SCID) mice was highly successful in reducing the time to death in these mice from 50 to 70 days to 7 to 10 days after challenge with the isolate MARV-Ci67, -Musoke, or -Ravn. In this study, we extended our findings to show that further sequential passages of MARV-Ravn in immunocompetent mice caused the MARV to kill BALB/c mice. Serial sampling studies to characterize the pathology of mouse-adapted MARV-Ravn revealed that this model is similar to the guinea pig and nonhuman primate MHF models. Infection of BALB/c mice with mouse-adapted MARV-Ravn caused uncontrolled viremia and high viral titers in the liver, spleen, lymph node, and other organs; profound lymphopenia; destruction of lymphocytes within the spleen and lymph nodes; and marked liver damage and thrombocytopenia. Sequencing the mouse-adapted MARV-Ravn strain revealed differences in 16 predicted amino acids from the progenitor virus, although the exact changes required for adaptation are unclear at this time. This mouse-adapted MARV strain can now be used to develop and evaluate novel vaccines and therapeutics and may also help to provide a better understanding of the virulence factors associated with MARV.
Metal Recovery Using Oxalate Chemistry: A Technical Review (2019)

Energy-efficient metal recovery and separation processes from a mixture of valuable metals are vital to the metallurgy and recycling industries. Oxalate has been identified as a sustainable reagent that can provide both the desired selectivity and efficient leaching capabilities for a variety of mixed metals under mild reaction conditions. The oxalate process has a great potential to replace many of the existing metal recovery processes that use inorganic acids such as sulfuric, hydrochloric, and nitric acids. In this Review, the use of oxalate chemistry in four major metal recovery applications is discussed, namely, spent lithium-ion batteries, spent catalysts, valuable ores, and contaminated and unwanted waste streams. Recycling of critical and precious metals from spent lithium-ion batteries and catalysts has significant economic opportunities. For efficient metals recovery, reaction conditions (e.g., temperature, pH, time, and concentration), metal–oxalate complex formation, oxidation and reduction, and metal precipitation must all be well-understood. This Review provides an overview from articles and patents for a variety of metal recovery processes along with insights into future process development.
Ridges and basins in the central Arctic Ocean (1990)

Abstract This chapter describes the physiography plus the geological and geophysical character of the central Arctic. The available information is chiefly from work done on several ice station transits of the area together with aeromagnetic and satellite magnetic investigations. The data provide crude constraints on the nature and ages of the main sea-floor features of the central Arctic Ocean. The central area of the Arctic Ocean contains abyssal depths that are traversed by two subparallel submarine mountain ranges, the Lomonosov Ridge and the Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge complex. The wedge-shaped Makarov Basin separates these adjacent ranges, which are close to North America and are more than 500 km apart at their junction with the East Siberian continental margin (Fig. 1). Significant difference in overall morphology and geophysical properties between the Lomonosov and Alpha Ridges, despite their juxtaposition near North America, suggests a complex structural evolution for the central Arctic, whose origins are constrained loosely within the late Early Cretaceous-earliest Tertiary interval.
Physical properties and sensory analysis of biscuits. (1994)

Genetically-defined rodent strains permit the identification of hippocampal traits which are of functional relevance for the performance of two-way avoidance behavior. This is exemplified here by analyzing the relationship between infrapyramidal mossy fibers (a tiny projection terminating upon the basal dendrites of hippocampal pyramidal neurons) and two-way avoidance learning in about 800 animals. The necessary steps include 1) identification of structural traits sensitive to selective breeding for extremes in two-way avoidance, 2) testing the robustness of the associations found by studying individual and genetical correlations between hippocampal traits and behavior, 3) establishing causal relationships by Mendelian crossing of strains with extreme structural traits and studying the behavioral consequences of such structural 'randomization', 4) confirming causal relationships by manipulating the structural variable in inbred (isogenic) strains, thereby eliminating the possibility of genetic linkage, and 5) ruling out the possibility of spurious associations by studying the correlations between the hippocampal trait and other behaviors known to depend on hippocampal functioning. In comparison with the classical lesion approach for identifying relationships between brain and behavior, the present procedure appears to be superior in two aspects: it is non-invasive, and it focuses automatically on those brain traits which are used by natural selection to shape behaviorally-defined animal populations, i.e., it reveals the natural regulators of behavior.
A Remote Backup Approach for Virtual Machine Images (2016)

Recent years witness the successful application of Cloud computing. Virtualization plays a key role in cloud computing and greatly facilitates application deployment and migration. Tenants' applications are hosted by virtual machines. The security and safety of user applications receive much attention from academia and industry. However, fault tolerance and availability issues of cloud applications are overlooked. In this paper, we focus on the high availability issue of virtual machines. We propose a remote backup approach, named LiveRB, for saving the running states of virtual machines in an online manner. The backup process operates in background and is transparent to the applications hosted in virtual machines. Live migration technique is used to save the running states of virtual machines. A virtual block device is designed to cache I/O operations in memory and save incremental virtual disk data of the virtual machine to a remote server. We implement LiveRB on KVM virtualization platform. We evaluate the effectiveness and efficiency of LiveRB through comprehensive experiments. The results show that LiveRB can lively backup a virtual machine to a remote server with only slight performance penalty.
Microemulsification of Triglyceride Sebum and the Role of Interfacial Structure on Bicontinuous Phase Behavior (2004)

A unique triblock surfactant is reported that allows for the efficient microemulsification of triglycerides. Unlike the results of all previous efforts, these triglyceride microemulsions can be formed without the use of cosurfactants or dilution with co-oils and follow the classical patterns of surfactant phase behavior exhibited by mixtures of water, alkane oils, and nonionic oligoethylene glycol surfactants, i.e., progression from oil/water emulsions to one-phase microemulsions to water/oil emulsions with increasing temperature. Lamellar phases that usually dominate the aqueous phase behavior of surfactant/triglyceride mixtures are suppressed, allowing for the formation of single-phase microemulsions containing equal amounts of triglyceride and water. These isotropic and low-viscous fluids are particularly useful for cleansing and delivery of functional ingredients in skin care products. The effects of mixing a variety of typical skin care ingredients and components of sebum (skin oil) were also explored. Fatty acids significantly reduce the average microemulsion temperature, while other ingredients and oils, which do not partition at the oil/water interface, have less impact on the phase behavior. In all cases, one-phase microemulsions containing equal amounts of oil and water can be formed even at high additive concentrations. Indeed, partial replacement oftriglyceride with any of the additives examined consistently reduced the amount of surfactant necessary to form single-phase microemulsions. However, the greatest boost in surfactant efficiency was found with the addition of medium molecular weight amphiphilic block copolymers.
Scan window based pedestrian recognition methods improvement by search space and scale reduction (2014)

Most of computation time when dealing with a pedestrian detector is spent in the feature computation and then in the multi-scale classification. This second step consists of applying scanning windows at multiple scales. Depending on the number of scales and on the image dimension, this step is slow because a large number of windows is generated. An efficient pruning algorithm able to remove most of the scan windows brings a significant contribution on the overall execution time. We propose a scan window pruning algorithm based on a combination of several filters: (1) remove windows based on the relation between the dimension and the position in the scene; (2) remove uniform regions from the image such as the sky or the road; (3) remove regions with high density of horizontal edges such as vegetation parts; (4) keep local maxima windows having a high density of connected vertical edges. The combination of these four filters eliminates more than 90% of the scanning windows in a given image and maintains the windows that are overlapped on regions with a high probability of representing a pedestrian. We have integrated our method in a generic framework for pedestrian detection [1] and we have studied two aspects: (1)how the performance of the algorithms varies with respect to the filters proposed by our pruning strategy and (2) what is the speed gain when the quality loss is negligible. The proposed filters have a negligible loss in performance and even improve it in some cases while the execution time is improved.