gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel silicon-embedded coreless transformer for isolated DC-DC converter application (2011)

In this paper, a novel silicon-embedded coreless transformer (SECT) is proposed and demonstrated for isolated dc-dc converter applications. By embedding two interleaved thick Cu coils in the bottom layer of the Si substrate, the designed 2 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SECT can achieve a maximum transformer efficiency of 85% at 50 MHz. Compared to the on-silicon coreless power transformer reported earlier for 0.5 W isolated dc-dc conversion at 170 MHz with a transformer efficiency of over 70%, the much lower operating frequency of the SECT allows the power losses of the power MOSFETs and Schottky diodes to be reduced by around 50%, leading to a converter loss reduction of 38%. Since only 4 vias are opened at the top layer of the substrate, most of the top layer of the substrate can be used for power IC implementation to achieve efficient monolithic integration. Experimental results show that the SECT provides a maximum transformer efficiency of 73% at 50 MHz, which is lower than expected and due to the non-optimized isolation oxide used.
Metabolomics technology and bioinformatics (2006)

Metabolomics is the global analysis of all or a large number of cellular metabolites. Like other functional genomics research, metabolomics generates large amounts of data. Handling, processing and analysis of this data is a clear challenge and requires specialized mathematical, statistical and bioinformatics tools. Metabolomics needs for bioinformatics span through data and information management, raw analytical data processing, metabolomics standards and ontology, statistical analysis and data mining, data integration and mathematical modelling of metabolic networks within a framework of systems biology. The major approaches in metabolomics, along with the modern analytical tools used for data generation, are reviewed in the context of these specific bioinformatics needs.
Effect of Background Gas on the Current Emitted from Taylor Cones (1995)

The current-flow rate characteristics I(Q) of electrified liquid cone jets of highly conductive liquids (K> 10-2 S/m) are shown to be insensitive to the nature (air, CO2, SF6) and pressure (130 Torr < p < 1500 Torr) of the surrounding gas in the domain of values in which the cone is stable. Yet the mobility of the droplets produced by the breakup of the emitted jet depends considerably on gas pressure. Furthermore, the width of the spray they form increases with gas pressure. We conclude that the I(Q) curve is unaffected by space charge phenomena. This is consistent with earlier evidence indicating that the jet current is fixed entirely inside the meniscus. A cone jet of given flow rate Q is thus an ideal current generator, practically insensitive to the distribution of free charge in the gas or the surrounding electrodes. The minimum flow rate for stability of the cone, Qmin , is also found to be independent of gas pressure.
Clustering Sequences with Hidden Markov Models (1996)

This paper discusses a probabilistic model-based approach to clustering sequences, using hidden Markov models (HMMs). The problem can be framed as a generalization of the standard mixture model approach to clustering in feature space. Two primary issues are addressed. First, a novel parameter initialization procedure is proposed, and second, the more difficult problem of determining the number of clusters K, from the data, is investigated. Experimental results indicate that the proposed techniques are useful for revealing hidden cluster structure in data sets of sequences. 1 Introduction Consider a data set D consisting of N sequences, D = fS 1 ; . . . ; SN g. S i = (x i 1 ; . . . x i L i ) is a sequence of length L i composed of potentially multivariate feature vectors x. The problem addressed in this paper is the discovery from data of a natural grouping of the sequences into K clusters. This is analagous to clustering in multivariate feature space which is normally handled by m...
Generation of an antitumour immune response to a murine mesothelioma cell line by the transfection of allogeneic mhc genes (1994)

We have determined whether transfection and expression of allogeneic MHC genes in a murine mesothelioma cell line can generate an anti-tumour immune response. The MHC genes encoding H-2Kb and H-2Dd were transfected into the mesothelioma cell line AC29 (derived from CBA mice, H-2k) and transfectant clones isolated. Each of five H-2Kb and 4 H-2Dd transfectant clones were unable to form tumours in CBA mice, although they had maintained their ability to form tumours in F1 crosses of CBA x C57b1/10 or CBA x BALB/c, respectively. Thus the tumours expressing the transfected MHC genes were rejected only in an allogeneic setting. Mice without tumours after transfectant challenge were inoculated on the opposite flank with 1 x 10(6) parental AC29. There was no evidence of systemic immunity to the parental cell line since tumours formed at the same rate as in naive mice. The mixing of allogeneic MHC transfectants with parental AC29 did, however, retard the growth of parental tumour. Our study illustrates that the expression of allogeneic MHC molecules on a highly immunosuppressive and non-immunogenic murine malignant mesothelioma cell line was able to stimulate rejection of tumour cells but was incapable of generating a systemic protective response against the parental cell line.
Composite multilayered biocompatible polyelectrolyte films with intact liposomes: stability and temperature triggered dye release (2007)

The design of new quasi-2D biocompatible films able to release a drug in a controlled manner through the application of physical stimuli is of outstanding interest in biomaterials science. Herein, construction of composite nanofilms with multiple strata of stabilized large unilamellar liposomes is developed. The film has a multilayered architecture formed by the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique utilising two biocompatible polyelectrolytes, hyaluronic acid and poly-l-lysine (HA and PLL), onto which phospholipid liposome "interlayers" are adsorbed and subsequently embedded by further polyelectrolyte adsorption. First of all the morphology of the film surface is characterised and compared to the morphology obtained for a film containing the same polyelectrolytes but stiff polystyrene (PS) latex particles instead of the soft phospholipid vesicles. Both morphologies appear to be similar suggesting that the embedded vesicles keep their spherical shape. As a second step, it has been shown that carboxyfluorescein (CF) encapsulated in the vesicles remains inside without sustained release at room temperature indicating that the liposomes stay intact upon LbL immobilization. A substantial fraction (about 70%) of the vesicles absorbed onto the polyelectrolyte film are desorbed upon further polyelectrolyte adsorption to reach the embedded state. Hence to achieve high loading of the film, multiple vesicle depositions have to be performed. It is shown that the total number of deposited vesicles on the film is proportional to the number m of vesicle deposition steps (up to m = 3). The encapsulated dye can be released in a controlled manner by a temperature increase above the main phase transition temperature of the lipid mixture used to prepare the vesicles. Release kinetics is faster for film-entrapped vesicles than for those in solution due to destabilization of the lipidic bilayer by the polyelectrolyte environment. The developed composite films represent a new surface biocoating able to preserve, in native state, or to release in a controlled way, surface immobilized materials under external stimuli.
Bit oriented optical storage with thin tellurium films (1981)

We discuss here some of the basic issues involved in the development of an optical storage medium based on the laser micromachining of thin tellurium films. Results are presented in the areas of recording sensitivity, materials resolution, error statistics, and archival stability. It is shown that a medium using 20–30 nm of tellurium deposited on polymethyl methacrylate substrates is an extremely attractive choice.
The relevance of adhesion molecules in the classification of squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. (2006)

These data demonstrate that the expression patterns of E-selectin and VCAM-1 may depend on differentiation and lymphogenic metastatic disease in SCCHN, and suggest that these molecules may have a dual role, depending on the stage of tumour development. These findings support the hypothesis that expression of E-selectin and VCAM-1 may be initiated by the release of tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) at an early stage of tumour development. In contrast, the decrease in selectin expression, observed as the metastatic disease progresses, may serve as a protective mechanism to prevent an influx of effector cells.
Autologous blood transfusion for pediatric bone marrow donors. (1992)

Nine normal bone marrow donors aged 7-166 months (median 69 months) received autologous red cells which had been removed from their marrow harvest after collection. The median volume of marrow removed from the donors was 18.6 ml/kg which was equivalent to a median blood volume loss of 23.3%. Three infant donors were transfused with autologous red blood cells intraoperatively. These cells had been salvaged from the initial marrow aliquot and were transfused while bone marrow harvesting continued. No donors required homologous blood transfusion. This technique is useful for marrow donors in the pediatric age group when preharvest autologous blood collection is not feasible or available.
El acuerdo social en la sociedad anónima. Reflexiones en torno a su naturaleza jurídica (2010)

Dentro de la imposibilidad de que todos y cada uno de los accionistas integrantes de la sociedad gestionen la misma, se presenta necesaria la presencia de organos sociales, donde los propietarios actuen y participen en la gestion social. A ello responde la existencia del organo la Junta General de Accionistas, donde los socios decidan o tomen acuerdos, dentro de su competencia y por mayoria, en las cuestiones propias de la empresa que les atanen.
A comprehensive genetic map of sugarcane that provides enhanced map coverage and integrates high-throughput Diversity Array Technology (DArT) markers (2014)

The DArT array has allowed us to generate and map a larger number of markers than ever before and consequently to map a larger portion of the sugarcane genome. This larger number of markers has enabled 92% of the LGs to be placed into the 8 HGs that represent the basic chromosome number of the ancestral species, S. spontaneum. There were two HGs (HG2 and 8) that contained larger numbers of LGs verifying the alignment of two sets of S. officinarum chromosomes with one set of S. spontaneum chromosomes and explaining the difference in basic chromosome number between the two ancestral species. There was also evidence of more complex structural differences between the two ancestral species.
Psychopathology in Sexually Abused and Non-Sexually Abused Eating Disordered Women (1998)

Abstract The Prevalence of psychopathology was examined in sexually abused (SA) (n = 50) and non-sexually abused (NSA) (n = 83) eating disordered women. All women were administered a battery of personality and familial interaction measures including the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI), Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI), Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scale (FACES). Results showed the MCMI Schizotypal scale to be the best predictor of SA group membership. Other variables significantly associated with the SA group were (1) MCMI Avoidant scale, (2) MCMI Schizoid scale, (3) MCMI Passive-Aggressive scale, (4) MCMI Borderline scale, (5) CSEI, and (6) the Cohesion scale from the FACES. Implications for diagnosis and treatment, and directions for future research are discussed.
Conformational lability of lipases observed in the absence of an oil-water interface: crystallographic studies of enzymes from the fungi Humicola lanuginosa and Rhizopus delemar. (1994)

Considerable controversy exists regarding the exact nature of the molecular mechanism of interfacial activation, a process by which most lipases achieve maximum catalytic activity upon adsorption to an oil water interface. X-ray crystallographic studies show that lipases contain buried active centers and that displacements of entire secondary structure elements, or “lids,” take place when the enzymes assume active conformations [Derewenda, U., A. M. Brzozowski, D. M. Lawson, and Z. S. Derewenda. 1992. Biochemistry: 31: 1532-1541; van Tilbeurgh, H., M-P. Egloff, C. Martinez, N. Rugani, R. Verger, and C. Cambillau. 1993. Nature: 362: 814-820; Grochulski, P., L. Yunge, J. D. Schrag, F. Bouthillier, P. Smith, D. Harrison, B. Rubin, and M. Cygler. 1993. J. Biol. Chem. 268: 12843-12847]. A simple two-state model inferred from these results implies that the “closed” conformation is stable in an aqueous medium, rendering the active centers inaccessible to water soluble substrates. We now report that in crystals of the Humicola lanuginosa lipase the “lid” is significantly disordered irrespective of the ionic strength of the medium, while in a related enzyme from Rhizopus delemar, crystallized in the presence of a detergent, the two molecules that form the asymmetric unit show different “lid” conformations. These new results call into question the simplicity of the “enzyme theory” of interfacial activation.
Evaluation of 5 indirect elisa for the detection of antibodies to paratuberculosis in dromedaries (2011)

The four commercial indirect MAP ELISAs were only able to detect paratuberculosis positive camel sera when the kit conjugate was replaced with either Protein A or the goat anti-camel IgG conjugates from Bio-X or CVRL. The Triple J conjugate did not perform well in contrast to the findings of Kramsky and co-workers who used this in a similar protocol to detect anti-MAP antibodies in llama and alpaca sera. With the former combinations, the Checkit and ID Screen MAP antigen coated plates showed considerable non-specifc cross- reactivity with paratuberculosis negative camel sera, viz. %S/P values ≥ 25% in 4 and 2 out of 4 negative sera, respectively. The Paratub MAP antigen coated plate/Protein A conjugate combination showed better non-specifcity, although one camel sample E2A which had no history of paratuberculosis showed a % S/P of 27% and also a reduced response in camel 6BI after the second vaccination dose.
User Verification Leveraging Gait Recognition for Smartphone Enabled Mobile Healthcare Systems (2014)

The rapid deployment of sensing technology in smartphones and the explosion of their usage in people's daily lives provide users with the ability to collectively sense the world. This leads to a growing trend of mobile healthcare systems utilizing sensing data collected from smartphones with/without additional external sensors to analyze and understand people's physical and mental states. However, such healthcare systems are vulnerable to user spoofing, in which an adversary distributes his registered device to other users such that data collected from these users can be claimed as his own to obtain more healthcare benefits and undermine the successful operation of mobile healthcare systems. Existing mitigation approaches either only rely on a secret PIN number (which can not deal with colluded attacks) or require an explicit user action for verification. In this paper, we propose a user verification system leveraging unique gait patterns derived from acceleration readings to detect possible user spoofing in mobile healthcare systems. Our framework exploits the readily available accelerometers embedded within smartphones for user verification. Specifically, our user spoofing mitigation framework (which consists of three components, namely Step Cycle Identification, Step Cycle Interpolation, and Similarity Comparison) is used to extract gait patterns from run-time accelerometer measurements to perform robust user verification under various walking speeds. We show that our framework can be implemented in two ways: user-centric and server-centric, and it is robust to not only random but also mimic attacks. Our extensive experiments using over 3,000 smartphone-based traces with mobile phones placed on different body positions confirm the effectiveness of the proposed framework with users walking at various speeds. This strongly indicates the feasibility of using smartphone based low grade accelerometer to conduct gait recognition and facilitate effective user verification without active user cooperation.
Human Cartilage Stiffness (1986)

Integrated structural properties of cartilage, the combined structural behavior of a material (which accounts for both of its elastic properties and geometry) were measured in 25 autopsies and 35 open operations. The intraoperative measurements were made at the time of total knee arthroplasties, synovectomies, amputations, and traumatic lesions of the knee. The results obtained through evaluation of force deformation curves have been computer analyzed. There were no statistically significant differences between the stiffness of autopsy cartilage and in vivo cartilage as obtained through measurements at surgery. There was significant age dependence of stiffness of joint cartilage. Stiffness of intraoperative as of autopsy cartilage, depends on the thickness of the material tested.
Indomethacin Suppository to Treat Primary Nocturnal Enuresis: Double-Blind Study (1989)

The prostaglandin synthesis inhibitor indomethacin (used as a suppository) was compared to placebo in the treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis in a double-blind crossover study. There were 12 girls and 7 boys between 6 and 15 years old. Indomethacin (50 to 100 mg.) was significantly more effective than placebo in the treatment of primary enuresis.
SUPPRESSION OF MURINE LEUKEMIAS BY <scp>L</scp>-ASPARAGINASE (1967)

A survey of 109 recently derived leukemias of the mouse revealed that sensitivity to suppression by guinea pig serum is a common property of transplanted leukemias of certain classes. The sensitive leukemias included five that arose spontaneously in mice of strains with a low incidence of leukemia and 21 that were induced by X-radiation. Two GPS-sensitive leukemias were not more sensitive than a GPS-resistant leukemia to a range of standard chemotherapeutic agents. The effectiveness of L-asparaginase EC-2 from Escherichia coli in suppression of the GPS-sensitive leukemia EARAD1 depends upon the conditions of assay. Whereas it is not inhibitory when administered as a single dose at the time of inoculation of the leukemia it is considerably more effective than GPS when used in the treatment of established leukemia. Permanent cures of 7-day generalized transplants of EARAD1 can be effected by the administration of 2000 or more units of EC-2. Immunological factors apparently do not contribute to cure as treated survivors are fully susceptible to rechallenge with minimal numbers of cells from the same leukemia. Reinoculated survivors with progressively growing transplants have been successfully retreated with EC-2. The blood clearance of EC-2 L-asparaginase injected into mice is much more rapid than that of GPS L-asparaginase. After intraperitoneal inoculation of the EC-1 L-asparaginase, which does not have leukemia-inhibitory activity, only very low levels of enzyme activity could be detected in the serum. The effectiveness of EC-2 from E. coli and its availability from a virtually limitless source will make it possible to extend the study of inhibition of leukemias and other tumors by L-asparaginase to species other than small rodents.
Right-Hemisphere Auditory Cortex Is Dominant for Coding Syllable Patterns in Speech (2008)

Cortical analysis of speech has long been considered the domain of left-hemisphere auditory areas. A recent hypothesis poses that cortical processing of acoustic signals, including speech, is mediated bilaterally based on the component rates inherent to the speech signal. In support of this hypothesis, previous studies have shown that slow temporal features (3-5 Hz) in nonspeech acoustic signals lateralize to right-hemisphere auditory areas, whereas rapid temporal features (20-50 Hz) lateralize to the left hemisphere. These results were obtained using nonspeech stimuli, and it is not known whether right-hemisphere auditory cortex is dominant for coding the slow temporal features in speech known as the speech envelope. Here we show strong right-hemisphere dominance for coding the speech envelope, which represents syllable patterns and is critical for normal speech perception. Right-hemisphere auditory cortex was 100% more accurate in following contours of the speech envelope and had a 33% larger response magnitude while following the envelope compared with the left hemisphere. Asymmetries were evident regardless of the ear of stimulation despite dominance of contralateral connections in ascending auditory pathways. Results provide evidence that the right hemisphere plays a specific and important role in speech processing and support the hypothesis that acoustic processing of speech involves the decomposition of the signal into constituent temporal features by rate-specialized neurons in right- and left-hemisphere auditory cortex.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Production Forecast for Fields With Significant History: A West African Case Study (2005)

Abstract Understanding the impact of subsurface uncertainties on production responses is an integral part of the decision making process. A more accurate quantification of the uncertainty band around production forecasts contributes to better business decisions. Traditional experimental design workflows, where a limited set of models represent the key uncertainties in subsurface parameters, might be well suited for new field developments. However, when a field has been produced for several years, all models have to be conditioned to available production data in order to obtain meaningful predictions. Data integration and uncertainty assessment of future performance of the reservoir are indivisible processes that cannot be generally addressed by simple techniques. In this paper we present a method to tackle such complex inverse problems where highly non-linear responses are involved. The goal is to minimize an objective function that stands for the goodness-of-fit of the history-match. The key idea is to use high quality proxies of the objective function to accelerate the search for solutions. An efficient experimental design stage allow for the selection of key parameters while an optimization routine involving Genetic Algorithms (GA) is used to determine the best combinations of parameters. The models that reasonably honor the historical data are selected and provide an estimate of future production. The final distribution of the prediction variables defines the range of uncertainty conditioned to production history. The practicality of the methodology is demonstrated with a study of an off-shore field in West Africa that has several years of complex production history. Introduction Quantifying uncertainty in production forecast for a real field with complex history is a difficult task. Monte Carlo simulations coupled with probabilistic inverse theory is in general not practical due to the large number of simulations required. Efficient alternatives involving proxies and various optimization algorithms have been investigated. The fitness of the model to the observed data (history-match error function) is modeled using response surfaces of various nature, polynomial, kriging or spline for instance.