gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High Resolution Millimeter Wave Fabry-Perot Interferometer (1960)

The design and operation of a microwave Fabry-Perot interferometer at wavelengths around 6 mm is described. This uses reflectors which are simple, easy to make, and which are capable of scaling for operation at short wavelengths in the ultramicrowave region. With power reflection coefficients around 0.999, very sharp fringes and Q values around 100,000 were obtained on the interferometer. Effects of diffraction in the interferometer are considered, and wavelength measurements with this particular interferometer indicate that accuracies of 0.04 per cent are obtained without any diffraction correction. Advantages of such an interferometer for ultramicrowaves are that the component parts are large compared with the wavelength, the effects of diffraction decrease with the wavelength, and the problem of maintaining a high Q with a single mode of propagation and a structure of adequate size is made much easier. Such an interferometer forms the cavity resonator for ultramicrowaves. It can thus be used for such conventional purposes as wavelength measurements, wavelength spectral analysis, dielectric constant, and loss measurements, or as the cavity resonator for frequency stabilization, or as the cavity resonator for a millimeter- or submillimeter-wavelength maser.
The challenges of digging data (2013)

Field archaeology only recently developed centralized systems for data curation, management, and reuse. Data documentation guidelines, standards, and ontologies have yet to see wide adoption in this discipline. Moreover, repository practices have focused on supporting data collection, deposit, discovery, and access more than data reuse. In this paper we examine the needs of archaeological data reusers, particularly the context they need to understand, verify, and trust data others collect during field studies. We then apply our findings to the existing work on standards development. We find that archaeologists place the most importance on data collection procedures, but the reputation and scholarly affiliation of the archaeologists who conducted the original field studies, the wording and structure of the documentation created during field work, and the repository where the data are housed also inform reuse. While guidelines, standards, and ontologies address some aspects of the context data reusers need, they provide less guidance on others, especially those related to research design. We argue repositories need to address these missing dimensions of context to better support data reuse in archaeology.
Flowability and Homogeneity of Food Powders with Plated Oil Ingredient (2013)

Abstract The present study was conducted to analyze flowability and homogeneity of single and multi‐ingredient bulk carriers with plated oil ingredient, including the influence of mixing parameters in a ploughshare mixer, addition of silica and composition of a plator. Powder flowability was determined using simple tests as H ausner ratio, angle of repose, pouring time, and by funnels. Homogeneity was determined using the analysis of variation of coefficient of color parameters. Plators received on the basis of salt and a mixture of salt and glucose with the addition of hydrophylic silica were free‐flowing powders, but their homogeneity was moderate. Plators received on the basis of mixtures containing maltodextrin were characterized by good homogeneity and were also described as free‐flowing powders. Application of porous starch as a carrier enabled to obtain plator characterized by the best homogeneity and very good flowability determined by all simple tests. Elongation of mixing time, as well as augmentation of ploughshare speed or application of a chopper resulted in deterioration of plator homogeneity. Adequate plator homogeneity was obtained without the application of chopper, when mixing time was 4.5 min and ploughshare speed was 130 rpm. Practical Applications The simplest means of turning liquid flavors and oils into easily manageable dry powders is to extend or plate a liquid on a dry edible carrier. The only equipment required for this process is a mixer which is capable of fluidizing the carrier and has a spray applicator that can uniformly distribute the liquid flavoring. The application of porous starches or multicomponent mixtures of carriers can optimize cost, absorption capacity, homogeneity and any number of other desired properties, as flowability. The specific combination of carriers is dependent on several factors and needs to be based on the desired finished product. Knowledge of the effect of carrier and mixing conditions on the flowability and homogeneity of the plated liquid ingredient would help in understanding their suitability in plator production. In the quality control are useful measurements that are easily feasible, fast, repeatable and accurate. Knowledge of the applicability of simple tests to assess the homogeneity and powder flowability of plators indicates the guidelines for quick and optimal designing of such processes.
Construction of a promoter-probe vector for a Bacillus subtilis host by using the trpD+ gene of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (1984)

The trp gene cluster of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was found to be structurally similar to that of the Enterobacteriaceae. The translation termination codon of the putative trpE gene and the initiation codon for the putative trpD gene overlap at the trpE-trpD junction, and a promoter for the putative trpC gene is suggested to exist. A promoter-probe vector of Bacillus subtilis, pFTB281, was constructed with a DNA fragment of B. amyloliquefaciens, complementing the trpC and trpD mutations of B. subtilis, a 42-base-pair DNA fragment of M13mp7, and the larger EcoRI-PvuII fragment of pUB110, which confers an autonomous replication function and the kanamycin-resistance phenotype to the chimeric plasmid. pFTB281 has BamHI, EcoRI, and SalI cloning sites in the 5'-upstream portion of the protein-coding region of the putative trpD gene, and the insertion of a certain DNA fragment at any of these sites allowed the plasmid to transform a trpD mutant of B. subtilis to the TrpD+ phenotype. DNA fragments showing the promoter function for the trpD gene were obtained from B. amyloliquefaciens and Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosomes and rho 11 and lambda phage DNAs, but rarely from the DNAs of Escherichia coli and pBR322.
History of Art (1980)

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Performance Evaluation of Instruction Set Extensions for Long Integer Modular Arithmetic on a SPARC V8 Processor (2007)

Many important algorithms for public-key cryptography rely on computation-intensive arithmetic operations like modular exponentiation on very long integers, typically in the range of 512 and 2048 bits. Modular exponentiation is generally realized through a sequence of modular multiplications and spends the majority of execution time in simple inner loops. Speeding up these performance-critical inner loop operations with custom instructions has, therefore, a significant impact on the total execution time of public-key cryptosystems. In this paper we analyze the performance of instruction set extensions for long integer arithmetic on a SPARC V8 processor. We discuss various implementation options and optimization opportunities for both modular multiplication and exponentiation. In particular, we introduce a partial loop unrolling (PLU) technique for modular multiplication which allows to achieve large performance gains at the cost of a moderate increase in code size, while maintaining the full flexibility of a rolled-loop implementation. In addition, we study window methods for modular exponentiation and analyze their impact on performance and memory requirements. Our experimental results, obtained with an FPGA prototype of the LEON-2 SPARC V8 core, show that a full 1024-bit modular exponentiation can be performed in about 12.5 ldr 106 clock cycles, which is a reasonable value for embedded devices like smart cards or sensor nodes.
Weyl Spreading Sequence Optimizing CDMA (2017)

This paper shows an optimal spreading sequence in the Weyl sequence class, which is similar to the set of the Oppermann sequences for asynchronous CDMA systems. Sequences in Weyl sequence class have the desired property that the order of cross-correlation is low. Therefore, sequences in the Weyl sequence class are expected to minimize the inter-symbol interference. We evaluate the upper bound of cross-correlation and odd cross-correlation of spreading sequences in the Weyl sequence class and construct the optimization problem: minimize the upper bound of the absolute values of cross-correlation and odd cross-correlation. Since our optimization problem is convex, we can derive the optimal spreading sequences as the global solution of the problem. We show their signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) in a special case. From this result, we propose how the initial elements are assigned, that is, how spreading sequences are assigned to each users. In an asynchronous CDMA system, we also numerically compare our spreading sequences with other ones, the Gold codes, the Oppermann sequences, the optimal Chebyshev spreading sequences and the SP sequences in Bit Error Rate. Our spreading sequence, which yields the global solution, has the highest performance among the other spreading sequences tested.
Dioxygen activation by Group 4 tritox alkyls [tritox = (tert-Bu)3CO-]: insertion and oxygen atom transfer (1987)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDioxygen activation by Group 4 tritox alkyls [tritox = (tert-Bu)3CO-]: insertion and oxygen atom transferTimothy V. Lubben and Peter T. WolczanskiCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1987, 109, 2, 424–435Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1987Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1987https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00236a021https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00236a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views590Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
A Pulse Width Modulation technique for reducing switching frequency for modular multilevel converter (2011)

In this paper, a Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) technique for modular multilevel converter has been explored. The PWM technique is implemented using carrier based level shifted PWM strategy. It does not necessitate the calculation of duty cycles, and can be easily implemented in a DSP. With the proposed technique, harmonics in the phase voltage is shifted to twice the switching frequency. Thus, the devices of the converter can be switched at a reduced switching frequency to maintain the same output voltage quality. A detailed explanation of the carrier based level shifted PWM for implementing the proposed technique is included in the paper. This is verified by computer simulation on a 6.6 kV, 6 MW drive system.
Research and development contract for coal mine communication system. Volume 2. Report on mine visits. Final report (1974)

Volume 2 details the eight mine visits, along with the conclusions reached following each visit and the final conclusions reached when the requirements of all mines visited were considered.
In Vitro Measurements of the Effects of Anticoagulants on the Flow Properties of Blood: The Relationship of these Effects to Red Cell Shrinkage (1968)

Abstract Citrate and oxalate increased the viscosity of blood as measured in a capillary viscosimeter. The elevated viscosity was accompanied by erytrhocyte shrinkage, manifest by the decreased hematocrit of blood anticoagulated with either of these agents. Plasma viscosity was not affected. EDTA, which does not alter cell size or shape, also failed to alter blood viscosity, while citrate no longer affected viscosity, if utilized in ACD solution, a milieu which prevents cell shrinkage. When erythrocytes were suspended in hypertonic NaCl, "blood" viscosity was also elevated in comparison to that of suspensions in lower concentrations of NaCl. The data indicate that blood viscosity will be elevated by anticoagulants which are permitted to shrink erythrocytes.
Carbon Black<sup>1</sup>: I—A Study of Its Volatile constituents (1928)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCarbon Black1: I—A Study of Its Volatile constituentsC. R. JohnsonCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1928, 20, 9, 904–908Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1928Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1928https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ie50225a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50225a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views55Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Hybrid Artificial Immune System Approach for Profit Based Unit Commitment Problem (2013)

This paper presents a new approach with artificial immune system algorithm to solve the profit based unit commitment problem. The objective of this work is to find the optimal generation scheduling and to maximize the profit of generation companies (Gencos) when subjected to various constraints such as power balance, spinning reserve, minimum up/down time and ramp rate limits. The proposed hybrid method is developed through adaptive search which is inspired from artificial immune system and genetic algorithm to carry out profit maximization of generation companies. The effectiveness of the proposed approach has been tested for different Gencos consists of 3, 10 and 36 generating units and the results are compared with the existing methods.
Application of ray theory to acoustic propagation in horizontally stratified oceans (1975)

The acoustic pressure due to a point harmonic source in a horizontally stratified ocean is represented as a multipath expansion of the integral representation. Generalized Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin–Jeffreys solutions are used to solve the depth-dependent wave equation. By applying numerical integration in conjunction with stationary phase, the problem of caustics is eliminated. Computed predictions are compared with theoretical results and another computer model. Subject Classification: 30.20; 20.20; 85.84.
Theoretical threshold lowering of compressively strained InGaAs/InGaAsP and GainAsP/GainAsP quantum-well lasers (1992)

The first theoretical evaluation is reported of the effect of biaxial compression on the quantum-well GaxIn1-xAs/Ga0.20InAs0.45P and Ga0.20In0.50AsyP1-y/Ga0.20In0.50As0.45P0.55 laser threshold current density. Reference is made to known experimental results, and a comparison carried out of the potentialities of the two types of laser.
A single-cell resolution map of mouse hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell differentiation (2016)

Maintenance of the blood system requires balanced cell fate decisions by hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs). Because cell fate choices are executed at the individual cell level, new single-cell profiling technologies offer exciting possibilities for mapping the dynamic molecular changes underlying HSPC differentiation. Here, we have used single-cell RNA sequencing to profile more than 1600 single HSPCs, and deep sequencing has enabled detection of an average of 6558 protein-coding genes per cell. Index sorting, in combination with broad sorting gates, allowed us to retrospectively assign cells to 12 commonly sorted HSPC phenotypes while also capturing intermediate cells typically excluded by conventional gating. We further show that independently generated single-cell data sets can be projected onto the single-cell resolution expression map to directly compare data from multiple groups and to build and refine new hypotheses. Reconstruction of differentiation trajectories reveals dynamic expression changes associated with early lymphoid, erythroid, and granulocyte-macrophage differentiation. The latter two trajectories were characterized by common upregulation of cell cycle and oxidative phosphorylation transcriptional programs. By using external spike-in controls, we estimate absolute messenger RNA (mRNA) levels per cell, showing for the first time that despite a general reduction in total mRNA, a subset of genes shows higher expression levels in immature stem cells consistent with active maintenance of the stem-cell state. Finally, we report the development of an intuitive Web interface as a new community resource to permit visualization of gene expression in HSPCs at single-cell resolution for any gene of choice.
Magnetically Levitated Planar Actuator With Moving Magnets (2008)

This paper concerns the design, optimization, and commutation of a six-degree-of-freedom planar actuator with an active magnetic bearing. The planar motor has a stationary coil array and a translator with a Halbach magnet array. During movements in the plane, the set of energized coils changes with the position of the translator. In this paper, a method for the electromagnetic design of this type of actuator is discussed, and several topologies are compared. The best performing topology in terms of power dissipation and force and torque ripples has been manufactured and successfully tested.
Ge-Si layered structures: Artificial crystals and complex cell ordered superlattices (1986)

We report the first successful synthesis of ordered GeSi superlattices grown on (001) Si substrates by molecular beam epitaxy. Two types of structures were prepared and characterized: superlattices with one-dimensional periodicity of one unit cell (GeGeSiSi...) and complex cell superlattices made up of sublayers of pure Si and alternating bilayers of Ge and Si. In the first case, the artificial stacking in the [001] direction results in a vertical array of alternating Ge and Si monolayers parallel to the (110) or (11̄0) planes. In spite of the lattice mismatch of 4.2%, Rutherford backscattering and channeling experiments indicate high quality crystallinity in both types of structures. Long-range order is deduced from the electron diffraction patterns that exhibit characteristic superlattice reflections and from high resolution lattice imaging. The precise deposition control on the scale of a fraction of a monolayer should allow band structure engineering in this and in other related systems and in turn tailoring of the transport and optical properties over a wide range.
Reconsolidation and Extinction of Conditioned Fear: Inhibition and Potentiation (2006)

NMDA receptors are important for the acquisition, reconsolidation, and extinction of memories. NMDA receptor antagonists impair these memory processes, whereas the partial agonist D-cycloserine (DCS) potentiates both learning and extinction. Here, we used DCS and the noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist (+)-5-methyl-10,11-dihydro-SH-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5,10-imine maleate (MK-801) to investigate the effects of enhancing and blocking NMDA receptor-mediated glutamatergic transmission on the reconsolidation and extinction of a conditioned fear memory. Either long extinction training or short memory reactivation sessions were used to preferentially engage extinction and reconsolidation processes, respectively. MK-801 blocked extinction to maintain high levels of conditioned freezing, and DCS potentiated extinction to reduce freezing, when they were administered before a long extinction training session. However, the opposite behavioral outcome was observed when the brief memory reactivation session was used: MK-801 administration impaired, whereas DCS increased, freezing, likely reflecting impairment and enhancement of reconsolidation, respectively. Finally, by using localized intracerebral infusions, we showed that the basolateral amygdala is a primary locus of action of systemically administered DCS. Thus, intrabasolateral amygdala DCS potentiated both the extinction and the reconsolidation of fear conditioning, depending on the length of the extinction/memory reactivation session. Therefore, memory reconsolidation can be both disrupted and enhanced, and extinction can be both potentiated and impaired, either to reduce or increase conditioned fear. These results have important implications for the use of reconsolidation blockade and potentiation of extinction as treatment strategies for maladaptive memory disorders.
Molecular Characterization of Berberine Bridge Enzyme Genes from Opium Poppy (1996)

In Papaver somniferum (opium poppy) and related species, (S)-reticuline serves as a branch-point intermediate in the biosynthesis of numerous isoquinoline alkaloids. The berberine bridge enzyme (BBE) ([S]-reticuline:oxygen oxidoreductase [methylene bridge forming], EC 1.5.3.9) catalyzes the stereospecific conversion of the N-methyl moiety of (S)-reticuline into the berberine bridge carbon of (S)-scoulerine and represents the first committed step in the pathway leading to the antimicrobial alkaloid sanguinarine. Three unique genomic clones (bbe1, bbe2, and bbe3) similar to a BBE cDNA from Eschscholtzia californica (California poppy) were isolated from opium poppy. Two clones (bbe2 and bbe3) contained frame-shift mutations of which bbe2 was identified as a putative, nonexpressed pseudogene by RNA blot hybridization using a gene-specific probe and by the lack of transient expression of a chimeric gene fusion between the bbe2 5' flanking region and a beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. Similarly, bbe1 was shown to be expressed in opium poppy plants and cultured cells. Genomic DNA blot-hybridization data were consistent with a limited number of bbe homologs. RNA blot hybridization showed that bbe genes are expressed in roots and stems of mature plants and in seedlings within 3 d after germination. Rapid and transient BBE mRNA accumulation also occurred after treatment with a fungal elicitor or with methyl jasmonate. However, sanguinarine was found only in roots, seedlings, and fungal elicitor-treated cell cultures.
Effects of Initial Graft Tension on the Tibiofemoral Compressive Forces and Joint Position after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction (2007)

The tibiofemoral compressive force and neutral joint position were best replicated with a low graft tension (1-15 N) when using a patellar tendon graft.