gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Prointerleukin-18 Is Activated by Meprin β in Vitro and in Vivo in Intestinal Inflammation (2008)

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a pro-inflammatory cytokine, is a key factor in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Caspase-1 activates this cytokine, but other proteases are likely involved in maturation. Because meprin metalloproteinases have been implicated in IBD, the interaction of these proteases with proIL-18 was studied. The results demonstrate that the meprin beta subunit of meprins A and B cleaves proIL-18 into a smaller 17-kDa product. The cleavage is at the Asn51-Asp52 bond, a site C-terminal to caspase-1 cleavage. The cleavage occurred in vitro with a Km of 1.3 microm and in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells transfected with meprin beta when proIL-18 was added to the culture medium. The product of meprin B cleavage of proIL-18 activated NF-kappaB in EL-4 cells, indicating that it was biologically active. To determine the physiological significance of the interactions of meprins with proIL-18, an experimental model of IBD was produced by administering dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) to wild-type and meprin beta knock-out (betaKO) mice, and the serum levels of active IL-18 were determined. DSS-treated meprin betaKO mice had lower levels of the active cytokine in the serum compared with wild-type mice. Furthermore, in meprin alphaKO mice, which express meprin beta but not alpha, active IL-18 was elevated in the serum of DSS-treated mice compared with wild-type mice, indicating that the meprin isoforms have opposing effects on the IL-18 levels in vivo. This study identifies proIL-18 as a biologically important substrate for meprin beta and implicates meprins in the modulation of inflammation.
SOME ASPECTS OF THE METABOLISM OF TRIAZINE DERIVATIVES ACTIVE IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED VIRUS INFECTIONS (1965)

previous papers
Dependency tree based sentence compression (2008)

We present a novel unsupervised method for sentence compression which relies on a dependency tree representation and shortens sentences by removing subtrees. An automatic evaluation shows that our method obtains result comparable or superior to the state of the art. We demonstrate that the choice of the parser affects the performance of the system. We also apply the method to German and report the results of an evaluation with humans.
Renal Toxicity of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (1986)

Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs represent the most heavily prescribed and used class of drugs in human medicine. Most are derivatives of either salicylates, propionic acid, indoleacetic acid, anthranilic acid, pyrazolone, or oxicams. They depress the synthesis of prostaglandins from arachidonic acid by reversible inhibition of the enzyme cyclooxygenase. In the kidney, prostaglandins PGE2 and PGI2 modulate the vasoconstrictor effects of angiotensin II, norepinephrine, and vasopressin. In the presence of volume contraction, anesthesia, or disease states associated with high levels of these hormones, prostaglandins regulate glomerular filtration, vascular resistance, and renin secretion. They additionally influence urine volume and sodium content. In man, a syndrome of analgesic abuse that has been identified worldwide occurs more frequently in females than males and can result in severe renal damage, most notably renal papillary necrosis. Most common laboratory animals are relatively resistant to developing the renal lesion associated with NSAIDs unless high doses are given over long periods of time and some withholding of water is introduced into the protocol. Diuresis with 5% dextrose and water is protective. Studies of paracetamol and salicylate have demonstrated that these compounds concentrate in the papillary tip of the kidney at concentrations of 4 to 13 times the plasma levels in dogs and rabbits, respectively. Renal papillary necrosis has been described in horses on maintenance doses of phenylbutazone where dehydration or reduced water consumption has occurred. The lesion can be reproduced experimentally if water is withheld during a portion of the dosing interval. An increased incidence of uroepithelial tumors have been reported in patients with a history of analgesic abuse.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Role of incretin hormones in the regulation of insulin secretion in diabetic and nondiabetic humans (2004)

The available evidence suggests that about two-thirds of the insulin response to an oral glucose load is due to the potentiating effect of gut-derived incretin hormones. The strongest candidates for the incretin effect are glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). In patients with type 2 diabetes, however, the incretin effect is lost or greatly impaired. It is hypothesized that this loss explains an important part of the impaired insulin secretion in patients. Further analysis of the incretin effects in patients has revealed that the secretion of GIP is near normal, whereas the secretion of GLP-1 is decreased. On the other hand, the insulintropic effect of GLP-1 is preserved, whereas the effect of GIP is greatly reduced, mainly because of a complete loss of the normal GIP-induced potentiation of second-phase insulin secretion. These two features, therefore, explain the incretin defect of type 2 diabetes. Strong support for the hypothesis that the defect plays an important role in the insulin deficiency of patients is provided by the finding that administration of excess GLP-1 to patients may completely restore the glucose-induced insulin secretion as well as the beta-cells' sensitivity to glucose. Because of this, analogs of GLP-1 or GLP-1 receptor activations are currently being developed for diabetes treatment, so far with very promising results.
Physical and Functional Interactions between the Transactivation Domain of the Hematopoietic Transcription Factor NF-E2 and WW Domains (1998)

Tandem binding sites for the hematopoietic transcription factor NF-E2 in the beta-globin locus control region activate high-level beta-globin gene expression in transgenic mice. NF-E2 is a heterodimer consisting of a hematopoietic subunit p45 and a ubiquitous subunit p18. Gavva et al. [Gavva, N. R., Gavva, R., Ermekova, K., Sudol, M., and Shen, J. C. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 24105-24108] reported that human p45 contains a PPXY motif that binds WW domains. We show that murine NF-E2, which contains two PPXY motifs (PPXY-1 and -2) within its transactivation domain, differentially interacted with nine GST-WW domain fusion proteins. Quantitative analysis revealed high-affinity binding (KD = 5.7 nM) of p45 to a WW domain from a novel human ubiquitin ligase homologue (WWP1) expressed in hematopoietic tissues. The amino-terminal WW domain of WWP1 formed a multimeric complex with DNA-bound NF-E2. A WWP1 ligand peptide, isolated by phage display, and a peptide spanning PPXY-1 inhibited p45 binding, whereas an SH3 domain-interacting peptide and a peptide spanning PPXY-2 did not. Mutation of PPXY-1, but not PPXY-2, inhibited the transactivation function of NF-E2, providing support for the hypothesis that WW domain interactions are important for NF-E2-mediated transactivation.
Sonic Azeotropic Gravity Extraction of Heavy Oil from Oil Sands (2012)

ABSTRACT The Sonic Azeotropic Gravity Extraction Heavy Oil Recovery Process utilizes natural gas liquids (NGLs), extracted from local rich natural gas sources, in the "wild" condition to heat and extract heavy oil from oil sands. The gas liquids are vaporized by heating and are super-saturated with produced water vapor for injection in a vertical well from the surface through a perforated liner into the subsurface bitumen formation. A movable packer system segregates the vertical well into an upper outer injection annulus equipped with an in-line Hartmann acoustic resonating hot vapor injector and an inner lower production annulus equipped with a progressive cavity pump. The superheated azeotropic NGL/water vapor flows into the oil sand formation horizontally and radially outwards in a focused bitumen solvating and mobilizing process. The acoustic waves resonate through the leached quartzite sand and are absorbed by the interstitial heavy oil, accelerating the mixing of the condensing NGL with the cooler bitumen at the quartzite/oilsand interface, allowing the vertical well to establish many of the characteristics of a SAGD horizontal well pair. The mobilized solvated bitumen drains by gravity into the lower well bore where it is pumped to the surface via the progressive cavity pump using one of two possible processes. If surface subduction is allowed, the lower production section of the well bore will be equipped with a perforated liner sized to encourage the flow of some sand into the well bore for pumping to the surface with the heavy oil, which generates the formation of wormholes in the unconsolidated sand for improved oil production. Otherwise, the lower production section will be equipped with a slotted liner to preclude the flow of sand into the well bore. The pump's variable speed drive allows pressure pulsing, causing vaporization of the condensed solvent, and establishing a pulsating foamy-gas drive.
Ehrlichiosis and Zoonotic Anaplasmosis in Suburban Areas of Beijing, China (2012)

In 2006, an unusual nosocomial outbreak of anaplasmosis occurred in Anhui Province, China. To follow these emerging tickborne-rickettsioses, a larger survey of Ehrlichia chaffeensis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum seroprevalence among farm worker populations, and the divergence of the partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of A. phagocytophilum among domestic animals, were conducted in Yanqing, Miyun, and Tongzhou Counties in Beijing from March to April, 2009. Blood samples from 562 farmers, 90 goats, 73 cattle, and 2 dogs were collected. IgG antibodies against E. chaffeensis and A. phagocytophilum were assayed by micro-indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Partial fragments of 16S rRNA genes of A. phagocytophilum were amplified from blood DNA from domestic animals and their sequences analyzed. The total E. chaffeensis and A. phagocytophilum seroprevalence among the farm worker population was 16.4% and 14.1%, respectively. For domestic animals, the seropositive rates of A. phagocytophilum for goats, cattle, and dogs, were 2.3%, 0%, and 0%, respectively. The PCR-positive rates for A. phagocytophilum in goats and cattle were 48.9% and 23.9%, respectively. Three dominant genetic groups of Chinese A. phagocytophilum isolates were determined for goats and cattle, and these isolate varieties were broadly identified in China, Japan, and Korea. The prevalence of E. chaffeensis and A. phagocytophilum among farmers and domestic animals in Beijing rural areas was also demonstrated. The diagnoses and differential diagnoses of these emerging infectious diseases should be emphasized in clinics, and further ecological investigation of E. chaffeensis and A. phagocytophilum vectors and hosts is needed.
The Influence of Different Xanthophyll-Containing Feedstuffs on Pigmentation of Broilers Reared in Open and Windowless Houses (1985)

In two experiments, yellow corn, corn gluten meal, alfalfa, or combinations of these pigment-containing feedstuffs were incorporated into finisher diets and fed from 29 to 56 days to broilers housed in either open or windowless houses. Dominant wavelength (DWL), excitation purity, luminosity of shanks, and blood xanthophyll levels at 56 days were determined. Xanthophyll consumption was also calculated. Xanthophyll consumption and blood xanthophyll levels within treatments were inversely related. Shank pigmentation values indicated that feeding xanthophyll supplements containing zeaxanthin, such as yellow corn or corn gluten meal, provided higher DWL; corn gluten meal produced the most acceptable values. Inferior pigmentation was observed in shanks from broilers reared in windowless houses, but pigmentation was improved when corn gluten meal was fed as the source of xanthophyll. It was concluded that the relative higher ratio of zeaxanthin to lutein present in corn gluten meal was responsible for the pigmentation improvement of broilers reared in windowless houses when this feedstuff was fed.
Magnetostatic Forward Volume Wave Straight Edge Resonators (2005)

The preformance of Magnetostatic Forward Volume Wave Straight Edge Resonators (MSFVW-SER) is presented. The resonator uses a rectangular YIG film to propagate Magnetostatic forward volume waves where the straight edges serve as reflectors. The interference of width mode resonances with the main resonance reported in the MSSW-SER is not observed in the MSFVW-SER. As a result, high-Q tunable microwave resonators with a tuning range from 1-20 GHz, insertion loss less than 8 dB and spurious rejection better than 10 dB have been designed and fabricated.
Multichannel Field-Effect Transistor (MCFET)—Part II: Analysis of Gate Stack and Series Resistance Influence on the MCFET Performance (2009)

Three-dimensional multi-channel field-effect transistor (MCFET) gate stack and series resistance are investigated and optimized by specifically developed integration processes, characterization methods, and numerical simulations. First, the impact of a TiN/HfO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gate stack on embedded-gate MCFET structure performance is studied. Both TiN/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> and N <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">+</sup> poly-Si/SiO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> gate stacks were introduced in the MCFET to compare the carrier mobility behavior (300 K down to 20 K), the gate leakage current, and the negative bias temperature instability. The obtained electrical data are then compared with a planar FD-SOI reference, highlighting some specific challenges linked to the introduction of a high- kappa/metal gate stack in embedded cavities. On the other hand, it is shown how the series resistance is intrinsically increased by the 3-D configuration. We also show how this increase can be attenuated significantly by optimizing the source/drain (S/D) shape, the implantation conditions, and the S/D silicide position.
Synthesis on switching lattices of Dimension-reducible Boolean functions (2016)

In this paper we study the switching lattice synthesis of a special class of regular Boolean functions called D-reducible functions. D-reducible functions are functions whose points are completely contained in an affine space A strictly smaller than the whole Boolean cube {0, 1} <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> . The D-reducibility of a function f can be exploited in the lattice synthesis process: the idea is to independently find lattice implementations for the characteristic function of the subspace A and for the projection of f onto A, and to compose them in order to construct the lattice for f. The overall lattice area can be further reduced exploiting the peculiar structure of the affine subspaces of {0, 1} <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> . To this aim, we propose a method for implementing compact lattice representations of affine subspaces whose characteristic function is represented by the product of single literals and EXOR factors of two literals. The experimental results validate the proposed approach.
Characterization of the bovine peripheral lymph node homing receptor: a lectin cell adhesion molecule (LECAM) (1992)

The phenomenon of tissue-specific homing of lymphocyte populations has been most clearly shown in larger domestic animals, such as the sheep and cow, yet the molecular interactions which control these processes in these animals have not been defined. Here we tested the cross-reactivity of four anti-human peripheral lymph node homing receptor (LECAM-1) (also known as LAM-1, LEC-CAM-1, Leu-8, TQ-1, or human equivalent of gp90 MEL-14) antibodies on bovine lymphocytes. These antibodies stained all bovine neutrophils and monocytes, and variable numbers of peripheral blood lymphocytes, as determined by flow cytometry. In young calves (less than 1 month old) virtually all circulating lymphocytes expressed LECAM-1, whereas the percentage of positive lymphocytes in older animals (greater than 1 year) varied from 17%-67%. Bovine LECAM-1 was rapidly lost from the cell surface of PMA-activated and chymotrypsin-treated cells. Anti-LECAM-1 monoclonal antibody blocked greater than 80% of bovine lymphocyte binding to peripheral lymph node high endothelial venules (HEV). Since the lectin domain of LECAM-1 is thought to mediate lymphocyte-HEV adhesion, we sought to establish further the similarity of the bovine, mouse, and human molecules by comparing nucleotide sequences in this region of the molecule. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to specifically clone the bovine lectin domain from single-strand cDNA. Subsequent sequencing showed an identity of greater than 80% at the nucleotide level with the human and mouse molecules. The predicted amino acid sequences were also highly conserved. Though striking similarities were seen between the bovine, mouse and human molecule, indicating evolutionary conservation of this family of proteins, notable differences were detected. The nucleotide sequence of the bovine lectin domain predicts one additional N-linked glycosylation site compared to mouse and human. Preliminary analysis suggested a more tissue-restricted expression of LECAM-1 in the compared to the human and mouse, which correlates with a better separation of lymphocyte homing phenotypes seen in these larger animals. Virtually all peripheral lymph node lymphocytes in 6-month-old calves expressed LECAM-1, whereas, ileal Peyer's patch lymphocytes were predominantly negative. Finally, by testing anti-human LECAM-1 antibodies in a different species we have established the co-expression of antigenic epitopes on leucocyte LECAM-1 and a molecule(s) expressed by endothelial cells.
Development of an optical approach for noninvasive imaging of Alzheimer’s disease pathology (2005)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the presence of aggregates of the amyloid-beta (A beta) peptide in the brain. These aggregates manifest themselves as senile plaques and cerebrovascular amyloid angiopathy (CAA). While traditional histochemical approaches can easily identify these deposits in postmortem tissue, only recently have specific ligands been developed to target A beta in living patients using positron emission tomography (PET). Successful detection of A beta pathology in patients will enable definitive preclinical diagnosis of AD, and enable quantitative evaluation of the efficacy of anti-A beta therapeutics developed to treat the disease. PET scanning, however, has several disadvantages including high cost, low availability, and the requirement for radioactive tracers. We describe recent progress in the development of techniques for imaging A beta deposits noninvasively using optical approaches. Successful development of an optical detection platform would enable inexpensive, accessible, nonradioactive detection of the A beta deposits found in AD.
Host-pathogen interactions in plant disease (1982)

This book describes the genetics, biochemistry, and epidemiology of host-pathogen interactions in plant disease, especially as they concern the breeding of crops for disease resistance. It analyzes a wealth of information that has not previously been recorded in other books or reviews. Some of it stems from basic surveys of disease in the field. The analysis of these surveys not only explains a great deal about host-pathogen interactions that was heretofore obscure, but also indicates directions for future research. Other data, from original papers, have now been coordinated for the first time and organized in a way that suggests new areas of research. The book contains more than fifty new tables that integrate data and relate them to general principles of host-pathogen interactions. For plant pathologists and plant breeders concerned with the control of plant disease, the book shows how to manipulate the host and, indirectly, the pathogen in order to control disease. It analyzes records of resistance against disease that time has shown to be stable in an effort to determine what has kept this resistance stable. It also analyzes the structure of virulence in populations of a pathogen, and demonstrates how virulence can be deliberately restricted. The author updates information on the gene-for-gene hypothesis and discusses the numerical and biological implications of the hypothesis. He analyzes the structure of epidemics based on three fundamental variables: the initial inoculum, the progeny/parent ratio of the pathogen, and the latent period. The author concentrates on the progeny/parent ratio - a subject not hitherto probed in detail in the literature - and shows how to determine the type of epidemic that can occur.
Use of Luminescent Bacteria for Determining Toxicity in Aquatic Environments (1979)

A simple rapid method for monitoring the toxicity of aquatic samples has been developed. The assay is based on changes in the light output of luminescent bacteria, as measured in a photometric device. Under suitable conditions, selected strains of luminescent bacteria emit a constant amount of light as a metabolic by-product. On exposure to toxicants, the light intensity is quickly diminished by an amount which is proportional to the concentration of the toxicant. An initial comparison of this new method with a 96-h acute fish toxicity test suggests that the bacterial test compares favorably in sensitivity with other tests while being more simple and rapid to perform. Data can be obtained in two to five minutes. Some examples of demonstrated sensitivities (in mg/litre) are: pentachlorophenol, 0.005; carbon tetrachloride, 6.0; sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.0; chlordane, 0.6; and sodium hypochlorite, 0.005.
Congenital ocular motor apraxia without head thrusts. (1987)

Congenital ocular motor apraxia is a distinctive disorder that may present initially as apparent cortical blindness, because of the patient's inability to make saccadic eye movements to fixate targets moving in the horizontal plane. Affected children develop a characteristic compensatory head thrust that allows them to fixate and allows the physician to make the diagnosis. Two patients, initially thought to be blind because of a lack of fix or following responses in the horizontal plane, are reported. Although head thrusts were not present because of inadequate head control, the diagnosis of congenital ocular motor apraxia was made because of other diagnostic features. The cases emphasize the need to consider congenital ocular motor apraxia in any child thought to be cortically blind.
1-3 composites for ultrasonic air transducers (2003)

The coupling of ultrasound into air from piezoelectrics is very inefficient because of the great impedance mismatch and the lack of appropriate matching materials. A method to manufacture low impedance materials using 1-3 air composites is presented. This technique also requires the development of an alternative matching technique using a low impedance lambda /8 section and a thin cap. It is shown that this technique works almost as well as standard lambda /4 matching. A transducer is fabricated using this design technique with a one-way loss of 17 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>