gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-Modal Fingerprint Presentation Attack Detection: Evaluation on a New Dataset (2021)

Fingerprint presentation attack detection is becoming an increasingly challenging problem due to the continuous advancement of attack preparation techniques, which generate realistic-looking fake fingerprint presentations. In this work, rather than relying on legacy fingerprint images, which are widely used in the community, we study the usefulness of multiple recently introduced sensing modalities. Our study covers front-illumination imaging using short-wave-infrared, near-infrared, and laser illumination; and back-illumination imaging using near-infrared light. Toward studying the effectiveness of each of these unconventional sensing modalities and their fusion for liveness detection, we conducted a comprehensive analysis using a fully convolutional deep neural network framework. Our evaluation compares different combinations of the new sensing modalities to legacy data from one of our collections, showing the superiority of the new sensing modalities. It also covers the cases of known and unknown attacks and the cases of intra-dataset and inter-dataset evaluations. Our results indicate that the power of our approach stems from the nature of the captured data rather than the employed classification framework, which justifies the extra cost for hardware-based (or hybrid) solutions. The portion of the dataset that is under the control of the authors is publicly released, along with the associated code.
Stochastic models for circadian oscillations: Emergence of a biological rhythm (2004)

Abstract Nearly all living organisms display circadian oscillations characterized by a period close to 24 h. These rhythms originate from the negative autoregulation of gene expression. Deterministic models based on such genetic regulatory processes account for the occurrence of circadian rhythms in constant environmental conditions (e.g., constant darkness), for entrainment of these rhythms by light–dark cycles, and for their phase‐shifting by light pulses. When the numbers of protein and mRNA molecules involved in the oscillations are small, as may occur in cellular conditions, it becomes necessary to resort to stochastic simulations to assess the influence of molecular noise on circadian oscillations. We address the effect of molecular noise by considering the stochastic version of a core deterministic model previously proposed for circadian oscillations of the PER protein and its mRNA in Drosophila . The model is based on cooperative repression of the per gene by the PER protein. Numerical simulations of the stochastic version of the model are performed by means of the Gillespie method. The predictions of the stochastic approach compare well with those of the deterministic model with respect to both sustained oscillations of the limit cycle type and the influence of the proximity from a bifurcation point below which the system evolves to a stable steady state. Stochastic simulations indicate that robust circadian oscillations can emerge at the cellular level, even when the maximum numbers of mRNA and protein molecules involved in the oscillations are of the order of only a few tens or hundreds. The stochastic simulations also reproduce the evolution toward a strange attractor in conditions where an extended version of the deterministic model admits chaotic behavior. These results show how regulatory feedback processes at the cellular level allow the emergence of a coherent biological rhythm out of molecular noise. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Quantum Chem, 2004
Fast interleaved echo‐planar imaging with navigator: High resolution anatomic and functional images at 4 tesla (1996)

Echo-planar imaging (EPI) is sensitive to magnetic field inhomogeneities, which lead to signal loss and geometric distortions of the image. Magnetic field inhomogeneities induced by susceptibility differences, as encountered in the human body, increase with the magnetic field strength, thus, complicating implementation of high resolution EPI techniques on high magnetic field systems. These problems were overcome by using a fast multishot high resolution EPI method that uses variable flip angles, center-out k-space sampling, and navigator echoes. This approach maximizes signal-to-noise ratio, reduces flow artifacts, and permits correction of intersegment amplitude and phase variations, providing high spatial and temporal resolution. This scheme can be implemented with a single magnetization preparation for contrast that precedes the segments. The utility of this ultrafast segmented EPI technique with navigator is demonstrated for anatomic and functional imaging studies on the human brain at 4 T.
Screening for Epitope Specificity Directly on Culture Supernatants in the Early Phase of Monoclonal Antibody Production by an ELISA with Biotin‐Labeled Antigen (2004)

This report describes an assay for comparison of epitope specificity in groups of monoclonal antibodies against a given antigen. The only prerequisite is the biotin-labeled antigen. One of the monoclonal antibodies is captured onto a plastic surface via a rabbit anti-mouse Ig, and the other preincubated with biotinylated antigen. When the two antibodies react with the same epitope subsequent binding of the biotin-labeled antigen is abolished (inhibition). In the cases where no inhibition was observed, the two antibodies were considered to react with distinct, independent epitopes. The obvious advantages using this assay, are that it can be performed directly on culture supernatants in the early phase of monoclonal antibody production, and also works for antigens with repetitive epitopes. Moreover, the bonus effect, i.e., a signal in excess of the reference signal when sets of monoclonal antibodies with different epitope specificity are compared, gives a relative measure of affinity.
A split-ADC architecture for deterministic digital background calibration of a 16b 1MS/s ADC (2005)

Self-calibration in fewer than 10,000 conversions is demonstrated in a 16b, 1 MS/s algorithmic ADC. A split-ADC architecture enables continuous digital background calibration. The analog sub-system of the ADC is implemented in 0.25 /spl mu/m CMOS, consumes 105 mW and has a die size of 1.2/spl times/1.4 mm/sup 2/.
Synthesis and properties of T-cage-type S-bridged rhodium(III)zinc(II) octanuclear complexes with 2-aminoethanethiolate of L-cysteinate (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and properties of T-cage-type S-bridged rhodium(III)zinc(II) octanuclear complexes with 2-aminoethanethiolate of L-cysteinateTakumi Konno, Kenichi Okamoto, and Jinsai HidakaCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1994, 33, 3, 538–544Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00081a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00081a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views362Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Morpheus (2019)

Attacks often succeed by abusing the gap between program and machine-level semantics-- for example, by locating a sensitive pointer, exploiting a bug to overwrite this sensitive data, and hijacking the victim program's execution. In this work, we take secure system design on the offensive by continuously obfuscating information that attackers need but normal programs do not use, such as representation of code and pointers or the exact location of code and data. Our secure hardware architecture, Morpheus, combines two powerful protections: ensembles of moving target defenses and churn. Ensembles of moving target defenses randomize key program values (e.g., relocating pointers and encrypting code and pointers) which forces attackers to extensively probe the system prior to an attack. To ensure attack probes fail, the architecture incorporates churn to transparently re-randomize program values underneath the running system. With frequent churn, systems quickly become impractically difficult to penetrate. We demonstrate Morpheus through a RISC-V-based prototype designed to stop control-flow attacks. Each moving target defense in Morpheus uses hardware support to individually offer more randomness at a lower cost than previous techniques. When ensembled with churn, Morpheus defenses offer strong protection against control-flow attacks, with our security testing and performance studies revealing: i) high-coverage protection for a broad array of control-flow attacks, including protections for advanced attacks and an attack disclosed after the design of Morpheus, and ii) negligible performance impacts (1%) with churn periods up to 50 ms, which our study estimates to be at least 5000x faster than the time necessary to possibly penetrate Morpheus.
The Pore Region of the Skeletal Muscle Ryanodine Receptor Is a Primary Locus for Excitation-Contraction Uncoupling in Central Core Disease (2003)

Human central core disease (CCD) is caused by mutations/deletions in the gene that encodes the skeletal muscle ryanodine receptor (RyR1). Previous studies have shown that CCD mutations in the NH2-terminal region of RyR1 lead to the formation of leaky SR Ca2+ release channels when expressed in myotubes derived from RyR1-knockout (dyspedic) mice, whereas a COOH-terminal mutant (I4897T) results in channels that are not leaky to Ca2+ but lack depolarization-induced Ca2+ release (termed excitation-contraction [EC] uncoupling). We show here that store depletion resulting from NH2-terminal (Y523S) and COOH-terminal (Y4795C) leaky CCD mutant release channels is eliminated after incorporation of the I4897T mutation into the channel (Y523S/I4897T and Y4795C/I4897T). In spite of normal SR Ca2+ content, myotubes expressing the double mutants lacked voltage-gated Ca2+ release and thus exhibited an EC uncoupling phenotype similar to that of I4897T-expressing myotubes. We also show that dyspedic myotubes expressing each of seven recently identified CCD mutations located in exon 102 of the RyR1 gene (G4890R, R4892W, I4897T, G4898E, G4898R, A4905V, R4913G) behave as EC-uncoupled release channels. Interestingly, voltage-gated Ca2+ release was nearly abolished (reduced approximately 90%) while caffeine-induced Ca2+ release was only marginally reduced in R4892W-expressing myotubes, indicating that this mutation preferentially disrupts voltage-sensor activation of release. These data demonstrate that CCD mutations in exon 102 disrupt release channel permeation to Ca2+ during EC coupling and that this region represents a primary molecular locus for EC uncoupling in CCD.
Fast echo‐shifted gradient‐recalled MRI: Combining a short repetition time with variable T<sub>2</sub>* weighting (1993)

The principles of a fast T2*-sensitized MR imaging method (Moonen et al., Magn. Reson. Med. 26, 184 (1992)) are extended to further increase T2* sensitivity. It is shown that the period of T2*-weighting can be lengthened by n TR-periods by appropriate gradient schemes without RF refocusing resulting in progressively delayed gradient-recalled echoes. This extension of the echo-shifting concept thus introduces large flexibility in the choice of T2*-weighting without changing total imaging time. The coherence pathway formalism is used to evaluate and describe the selection of the desired echo and the attenuation of unwanted coherences. The new techniques are demonstrated for tracking a bolus of susceptibility contrast agent in cat brain. Relative blood-volume maps are derived with expected contrast between white and gray matter.
Software Cache Coherence for Large Scale Multiprocessors (1994)

Shared memory is an appealing abstraction for parallel programming.It must be implemented with caches in order to perform well, however, and caches require a coherence mechanism to ensure that processors reference current data.Hardware coherence mechanisms for large-scale machines are complex and costly, but existing software mechanisms for message-passing machines have not provided a performance-competitive solution.We claim that an intermediate hardware option-memory-mapped network interfaces that support a global physical address space-can provide most of the performance benefits of hardware cache coherence.We present a software coherence protocol that runs on this class of machines and greatly narrows the performance gap between hardware and software coherence.We compare the performance of the protocol to that of existing software and hardware alternatives and evaluate the tradeoffs among various cache-write policies.We also observe that simple program changes can greatly improve performance.For the programs in our test suite and with the changes in place, software coherence is often faster and never more than 55% slower than hardware coherence.
A K<sub>V</sub>2.1 gating modifier binding assay suitable for high throughput screening (2009)

Gating modifier peptides alter gating of voltage-gated potassium (KV) channels by binding to the voltage sensor paddle and changing the energetics of channel opening. Since the voltage sensor paddle is a modular motif with low sequence similarity across families, targeting of this region should yield highly specific channel modifiers. To test this idea, we developed a binding assay with the KV2.1 gating modifier, GxTX-1E. Monoiodotyrosine-GxTX-1E (125I-GxTX-1E) binds with high affinity (IC50 = 4 nM) to CHO cells stably expressing hKV2.1 channels, but not to CHO cells expressing Maxi-K channels. Binding of 125I-GxTX-1E to KV2.1 channels is inhibited by another KV2.1 gating modifier, stromatoxin (IC50 = 30 nM), but is not affected by iberiotoxin or charybdotoxin, pore blocking peptides of other types of potassium channels, or by ProTx-II, a selective gating modifier peptide of the voltage-gated sodium channel NaV1.7. Specific 125I-GxTX-1E binding is not detectable when CHO-KV2.1 cells are placed in high external potassium, suggesting that depolarization favors dissociation of the peptide. The binding assay was adapted to a 384-well format, allowing high throughput screening of large compound libraries. Interestingly, we discovered that compounds related to PAC, a di-substituted cyclohexyl KV channel blocker, displayed inhibitory binding activity. These data establish the feasibility of screening large libraries of compounds in an assay that monitors the displacement of a gating modifier from the channel's voltage sensor. Future screens using this approach will ultimately test whether the voltage sensor of KV channels can be selectively targeted by small molecules to modify channel function.
Stable Coactive Learning via Perturbation (2013)

Coactive Learning is a model of interaction between a learning system (e.g. search engine) and its human users, wherein the system learns from (typically implicit) user feedback during operational use. User feedback takes the form of preferences, and recent work has introduced online algorithms that learn from this weak feedback. However, we show that these algorithms can be unstable and ineffective in real-world settings where biases and noise in the feedback are significant. In this paper, we propose the first coactive learning algorithm that can learn robustly despite bias and noise. In particular, we explore how presenting users with slightly perturbed objects (e.g., rankings) can stabilize the learning process. We theoretically validate the algorithm by proving bounds on the average regret. We also provide extensive empirical evidence on benchmarks and from a live search engine user study, showing that the new algorithm substantially outperforms existing methods.
MICROBIAL ACTIVITY IN HEAT- AND ELECTRON-STERILIZED SOIL SEEDED WITH MICROORGANISMS (1962)

Colonization of heat- and electron-sterilized soil by soil microorganisms was investigated. Arthrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus megaterium, Xanthomonas vesicatoria, and Trichoderma viride grew well in electron-sterilized soil. Such soil was unfavorable for the growth of Myxococcus fulvus. The growth of Arthrobacter sp., Pseudomonas sp., X. vesicatoria, and M. fulvus was inhibited at least for 19 hours in autoclaved soil. The duration of inhibition varied with the type of organism tested and the length of time the soil was exposed to heat during the sterilization period. A natural population of soil microorganisms seeded into autoclaved soil grew well after a 15-hour lag period while it showed no lag phase in the irradiated soil.
Direct quantification of alkaloid mixtures by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (1998)

For two-component mixtures, Kebarle and Tang observed that the ionization efficiency (i.e., yield of ions per unit concentration) depends strongly on the concentration and nature of other ionizable species and weakly on total concentration of ionized species. In this work, the model used by Kebarle and Tang was extended to several components. The extended model was tested in a study to determine whether analysis by extrospray ionization could be used as a fast method to screen and quantify five alkaloids present in illicit heroin samples. The samples analysed included authentic standards. Solutions of the samples were infused directly into the electrospray ion source of a Finnigan TSQ 700 instrument. The resulting spectra contained a peak for each species at M+1. No significant fragmentation was observed for any of the five analytes. It was found that the ‘ionization efficiencies’ (assumed constants in the Kebarle and Tang model) showed a dependence on total alkaloid concentration. In a blind study of 16 sample solutions, each containing five alkaloids (one used as an internal standard), the error distributions for the 64 results obtained were skewed when calculated on the basis of a simple extension of the Kebarle model. When the variation of ionization efficiency with total alkaloid concentration was taken into account, the error distribution was normal. Errors were characterized (relative to total alkaloid mass) by an average error of -0.24%, a standard deviation of errors of 2.48%, a maximum error of 6.84% and a minimum error of -9.51%. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Insulin stimulates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through ERK and PI3K in MG‐63 cells (2010)

Insulin has been proposed to be an anabolic agent in bone, but the mechanisms underlying insulin effects on osteoblast differentiation are still not clear. To explore the mechanisms of action of insulin on osteoblast growth and differentiation, human osteoblastic cell line-MG-63 was used and stimulated by insulin in the presence or absence of ERK inhibitor PD98059, PI3-K inhibitor LY294002, or inhibitor PD98059 + LY294002. The results showed that insulin positively regulated the expression of its receptor. Insulin stimulated the proliferation of MG-63 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner and blockade of both MAPK and PI3K pathways could inhibit the cell proliferation. In addition, ALP activity, the secretion of type I collagen, OC gene expression, and mineralized nodule formation were increased in the insulin treated group, whereas these indicators were decreased after treatment with blocking agents. However, treatment with PI3-K inhibitor LY294002 significantly reversed the down-regulation of Runx2 expression and treatment with ERK inhibitor PD98059 remarkably decreased up-regulation of Osx and IGF-1 expression after insulin treatment. Therefore, the data obtained from this study suggested that insulin promoted osteoblast proliferation and differentiation through MAPK and PI3K pathway in MG-63 cells.
A brief history of aneurysm clips (2001)

In this communication the authors outline the development of aneurysm clips from those originally used by Walter Dandy to those currently in use. The history is rich in contributions from neurosurgical pioneers and innovators. As a result, the modern neurosurgeon has a wide selection of biocompatible aneurysm clips with known closing pressure, of variable sizes and shapes, and a selection of clip applicators that do not obstruct the surgical field.
Congestive heart failure medications: is there a rationale for sex-specific therapy? (2001)

The etiology and physiology of symptomatic heart failure may differ by sex. Prognostic markers for outcomes of CHF may also have sex-specific sensitivity. Insufficient numbers of women have been enrolled in most large interventional survival studies of pharmacologic therapy for CHF to test for sex-specific efficacy or responses. There are some data that demonstrate sex-specific lack of efficacy and increase in side effects of therapy. Given that the number of women admitted to hospitals with CHF each year exceeds the number of men, there is an obvious need to specifically and definitively evaluate the pharmacologic therapy of CHF in women.
Machine-Learning Guided Quantum Chemical and Molecular Dynamics Calculations to Design Novel Hole-Conducting Organic Materials (2020)

Materials exhibiting higher mobilities than conventional organic semiconducting materials such as fullerenes and fused thiophenes are in high demand for applications such as printed electronics, organic solar cells, and image sensors. In order to discover new molecules that might show improved charge mobility, combined density functional theory (DFT) and molecular dynamics (MD) calculations were performed, guided by predictions from machine learning (ML). A ML model was constructed based on 32 values of theoretically calculated hole mobilities for thiophene derivatives, benzodifuran derivatives, a carbazole derivative and a perylene diimide derivative with the maximum value of 10<sup>-1.96</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s). Sequential learning, also known as active learning, was applied to select compounds on which to perform DFT/MD calculation of hole mobility to simultaneously improve the mobility surrogate model and identify high mobility compounds. By performing 60 cycles of sequential learning with 165 DFT/MD calculations, a molecule having a fused thioacene structure with its calculated hole mobility of 10<sup>-1.86</sup> cm<sup>2</sup>/(V s) was identified. This values is higher than the maximum value of mobility in the initial training data set, showing that an extrapolative discovery could be made with the sequential learning.
JSAmbisonics: A Web Audio library for interactive spatial sound processing on the web (2016)

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