gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chest wall motion in sleep apnea. (1984)

Patterns of rib cage (RC) and abdomen (ABD) motion obtained from a respiratory inductive plethysmograph were studied during disordered breathing events - obstructive apnea, obstructive hypopnea, mixed apnea, and central apnea - in 54 patients with sleep apnea. The type of disordered breathing event was verified by esophageal pressure and bias-flow mask recordings. Obstructive apnea occurred to a variable extent in all patients and was characterized by stereotyped paradoxical motion of the RC or ABD or both in 49 patients (91%). There was no paradox in 2 patients with "feeble" inspiratory effort during obstructions and in 3 patients with normal inspiratory effort during obstructed breaths. The more obese patients displayed paradox of the ABD rather than of the RC. Paradox did not occur in central apnea or in the central component of mixed apnea. Obstructive hypopnea was characterized by paradox during part of the breath. We conclude that RC and ABD motion can adequately characterize apnea in most patients and thus avoid invasive monitoring techniques that can adversely affect sleep. However, if chest wall motion suggests that all apneas are central, a direct measurement of respiratory effort is necessary to exclude obstruction.
Group Unified Accident Reporting Database (1992)

Abstract Significant advances have been made recently in enhancing the standard of safety within Shell companies. Safety has been raised to a status equal to other primary business objectives. It is widely accepted that accident prevention is part of good business practice and that a safe operation normally is an efficient operation. Safety programs are being widely implemented that involve all employees, from top management to the contract staff, and the benefits are being realized. The effectiveness of any safety program, however, must be monitored continuously. Injury and accident statistics play an important role as a prime indicator of safety performance. Statistics form part of the safety management process, indicating the success of the safety programs being implemented and highlighting areas of weakness. Statistical information relating to the number and frequency of accidents, significant as it is, tells us little about how the accidents occur or about how to improve the intrinsic safety of the operations. More detailed information on accident causes and lessons derived from the investigation of noninjurious accidents and near-hits are required for this analysis and for the setting of appropriate remedial actions.
Using a multiple storage quad tree on a hierarchical VLSI compaction scheme (1990)

A graph-generating algorithm and the experimental results of a hierarchical mask-layout-compaction scheme based on a plane-sweep algorithm, a fast region-query and a space-efficient data structure called the hierarchical multiple-storage quad tree are presented. For a mask-layout design, a rectangle is used as the primary element of the layout. Hence, in the hierarchical mask-compaction scheme, the graph-generating algorithm is based on the edges of rectangles rather than the central lines of symbols for the symbolic-compaction design. The plane-sweep algorithm is also called a dynamic event scheduling algorithm and can be applied to solve some other problems in the field of computational geometry and image processing. The efficiencies of the plane-sweep algorithm and the graph-generating algorithm are dependent on the region-query operations of the spatial data structure. By using the improved multiple storage quad tree as the spatial data structure in the system, the mask-layout compactor has been accomplished in a practically linear time performance in terms of the rectangles in the source layout.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Evaluation of a photon-counting breast tomosynthesis imaging system (2006)

Digital breast tomosynthesis promises solutions to many of the problems associated with projection mammography, including elimination of artifactual densities due to the superposition of normal tissues and increasing the conspicuity of true lesions that would otherwise be masked by superimposed normal tissue. We have investigated tomosynthesis using a digital camera containing 48 photon counting, orientation sensitive, linear detectors which are precisely aligned with the focal spot of the x-ray source. The x-ray source and the digital detectors are scanned in a continuous motion across the object (patient), each linear detector collecting an image at a distinct angle. A preliminary assessment of tomosynthesis image quality has been performed with both qualitative and quantitative methods. Measured values of MTF and NPS appear concordant with theoretical values. The MTF in the scanning direction is dominated by scanning unsharpness and geometric factors, while the NPS is white. The MTF and NPS in the strip direction are somewhat lower than in the scan direction. The NPS of tomographic images show a slight decrease with increasing spatial frequency, related to the sampling and interpolation in the reconstruction process. A phase I clinical trial is ongoing; 9 women have been recruited. Breast positioning is comparable to other imaging systems. The visualization of breast anatomy appears to be superior to screen-film mammography, at the same average glandular dose. Examination of images reconstructed with a sub-sampled set of projection images appears to support the hypothesis that image quality is superior when more projection images are used in the reconstruction.
Conductive adhesives with improved thermomechanical properties (1998)

In this work, a new type of isotropically conductive adhesive (ICA) for microelectronic applications is presented. An extremely low value of ionic impurity content in the ICA is realized by using a cycloaliphatic epoxy resin. The brittle behaviour of this type of resin has been counterbalanced by introducing porous silver nanopowders as a conductive filler material instead of conventional silver flakes. In this way, a considerable reduction in metal filler content is achieved at still acceptably low values of electrical resistivity. It is shown that the mechanical properties under shear loading are improved considerably when using the nanopowder/epoxy composites as compared to ICAs based on Ag flakes. This new ICA is therefore particularly suited for bonding substrates and components which differ strongly with respect to their coefficient of thermal expansion.
Steam-water two-phase flow in large diameter vertical piping at high pressures and temperatures (1996)

No information on steam/water two-phase flow behavior in large diameter pipes (10 inch or larger) at elevated pressures is available in the open literature. However, there are many applications, in the nuclear, chemical and petroleum industries among others where two-phase flows in large diameter pipes at elevated pressures and temperatures are encountered routinely or under accident scenarios. Experimental data on steam-water two-phase flow in a large diameter (20 inch, 50.08 cm I.D.) vertical pipe at elevated pressures and temperatures (2.8 MPa/230 C--6.4 MPa/280 C) have been obtained. Void fraction, two-phase mass flux, phase and velocity distributions as well as pressure drop along the test pipe have been measured using the Ontario Hydro Technologies (OHT) Pump Test Loop. The void fraction distributions were found to be axially symmetric and nearly flat over a wide range of two-phase flow conditions. The two-phase flow regime could be inferred from the dynamic void fluctuations data. For the 280 C tests, the flow was found to be relatively stable with bubbly flow at low average void fractions and churn turbulent or wispy-annular flow at higher void fractions. At 230 C, the flow became rather oscillatory and slugging was suspected at relatively low voids. It hasmore » also been found that the average void fractions in the test section can be determined reasonably accurately using the axial pressure drop data.« less
Application of Cationic Surfactant-Based Fluids for Acid Diversion (2009)

Summary This paper examines the use of surfactant gels during matrix acid treatments and describes field trials of these fluids. Unlike available viscoelastic surfactants used today in the field, this surfactant is cationic. If used in live acids, the fluid has a relatively low viscosity when pumped. Once the acid is spent, however, the surfactant molecules increase its viscosity significantly. To enhance diversion further, the acidic fluids or brines can be foamed with this surfactant. Rheological measurements were conducted on Hastelloy®- fitted rotational viscometers at temperatures ranging from 70 to 300°F. The effects of surfactant concentration, shear rate, temperature, and acid additives on the apparent viscosity of various surfactant-based fluids were investigated in detail. The surfactant was stable thermally and hydrolytically with most acid additives. While it was compatible (i.e., still formed a viscosifying gel), some additives adversely affected the apparent viscosity of surfactant solutions at a given temperature. The apparent viscosity of surfactant solutions increased with salt concentration and can be predicted by use of the Carreau-Yasuda model. Coreflood tests indicated that the surfactant delayed acid breakthrough in calcite cores. Acceptable corrosion rates were obtained when this surfactant was added to the acid. The performance of this surfactant was validated with field treatments. The surfactant was used in more than 100 matrix acid treatments (oil producers and water injectors). It was used to increase the viscosity of acids in situ and enhance the stability of foams used for diversion. All wells responded positively to these treatments, and no operational problems were encountered. Downhole gauges confirmed the ability of surfactant-based fluids to divert the acid into various zones.
Microencapsulated Stem Cells for Tissue Repairing: Implications in Cell-Based Myocardial Therapy (2009)

Stem cells have the unique properties of self-renewal, pluripotency and a high proliferative capability, which contributes to a large biomass potential. Hence, these cells act as a useful source for acquiring renewable adult cell lines. This, in turn, acts as a potent therapeutic tool to treat various diseases related to the heart, liver and kidney, as well as neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. However, a major problem that must be overcome before it can be effectively implemented into the clinical setting is a suitable delivery system that can retain an optimal quantity of the cells at the targeted site for a maximal clinical benefit; a system that will give a mechanical as well as an immune protection to the foreign cells, while at the same time enhancing the yields of differentiated cells, maintaining cell microenvironments and sustaining the differentiated cell functions. To address this issue we opted for a novel delivery system, termed the 'artificial cells', which are semipermeable microcapsules with strong and thin multilayer membrane components with specific mass transport properties. Here, we briefly introduce the concept of artificial cells for encapsulation of stem cells and investigate the application of microencapsulation technology as an ideal tool for all stem transplantations and relate their role to the emerging field of cellular cardiomyoplasty.
A Comparison of Resorbable and Metallic Fixation in Healing of Calvarial Bone Grafts (1995)

The effects of a resorbable fixation plate composed of a polylactic acid-polyglycolic acid copolymer were compared with those of a metallic fixation plate of similar dimensions in an animal calvarial bone-graft healing model. Bilateral parietal bone grafts in 20 mature rabbits were fixed into position with a titanium mesh plate on one side and a polymer mesh plate on the other side. After 2, 6, 9, and 12 months, cross-sectional histology was used to compare osteotomy line healing, tissue response to the fixation material, and the amount of resorbable plate degradation. After 2 months, no changes in the dimensions of the resorbable plate were observed. The bone grafts fixed by both metal and polymer plates exhibited incomplete healing along the osteotomy lines. After 6 months, there was a 66 percent reduction in the dimensions of the resorbable plate and vertical shortening of screw length. Complete healing was seen along all osteotomy lines of both bone grafts. After 9 months, less than 1 percent of the resorbable mesh plate remained as a small film underneath a collagenous capsule. No polymer was seen within the confines of the screw holes. After 1 year, no evidence of polymer was seen either on the external cranial surface or within any of the screw holes. Bony union was observed across all osteotomy sites. The screw hole outlines persisted. The resorbable plate demonstrated fixation stability similar to that of metal with comparable osteotomy line healing. No adverse local inflammatory reactions were seen as the polymer composite progressed to complete degradation by 1 year.
Advanced HSP Ceramic Proppants— An Evaluation and Effect of Fines on Proppant Pack Conductivity (2018)

Abstract Fracturing fluids are normally injected at high rates and pressures to break the reservoir rock, where proppants ideally are suspended during fluid injection. High strength ceramic proppants are used to overcome hash environments (i.e., high closure stress and temperatures). Advancements in proppant manufacturing further added several characteristics to the proppants, such as self-suspending, multi-phase flow enhancer, and multifactional proppants. The objectives of this study were to compare the performance of HSP and ULW ceramic proppants though proppant characterization, wettability measurements, settling behavior, acid solubility, proppant pack conductivity, and proppant crush resistance. Fracture cell was used to measure the proppant pack conductivity. Proppant crush resistance was conducted using hydraulic uni-axial loading frame. XRD and XRF were used to characterize proppant samples. Solubility in HCl solutions was examined. Elemental analysis was conducted using ICP. Light transmission and backscattering technique was used to compare the settling behavior of proppant samples. Drop Shape Analyzer was used to measure the contact angle on the surface of proppant samples. The highest performance proppant among the five-examined proppants was proppant P-1. This was based on the conductivity values obtained, the correlation between conductivity and fines generated, settling behavior, and solubility in HCl acids. Proppant P-5 exhibited non-wetted properties for both water and condensate fluids. ULW proppants (i.e., P-7 and P-8) showed significantly improved suspension properties over the examined HSP proppants. The solubility of the HSP proppants in HCl acid depended on the acid concentration, soaking time, surface area. The solubilities obtained was up to 10 wt% in concentrated HCl acids. High concentrations of Fe were observed in concentrated acid solution (i.e. ~1800 mg/l). Proppant pack conductivity values for examined proppants were relatively similar except for proppants P-3 and P-5.A linear correlation was found between wt% of fines generated and proppant pack conductivity.
Inhibition of mixed lymphocyte response by a rat monoclonal antibody to a novel murine lymphocyte activation antigen (MALA-2). (1985)

A novel surface antigen expressed on activated and proliferating murine lymphocytes has been identified by a rat monoclonal antibody. The antigen, termed MALA-2, is also expressed on various lymphoid cell lines, but it is absent or present at very low densities on the majorities of unstimulated thymocytes and lymph node cells. Some cells in normal spleen and bone marrow seem to express the antigen at relatively high densities and they may represent proliferating cells in these tissues. MALA-2 has an apparent m.w. of 95,000 to 100,000 under both reducing and nonreducing conditions. The monoclonal antibody YN1/1.7 that reacts with this antigen partially inhibits Con A stimulation of spleen cells, but its inhibition of LPA stimulation is negligible. Furthermore, the antibody profoundly inhibits MLR. The inhibition of MLR by YN1/1.7 antibody is comparable to that caused by anti-transferrin receptor. The time course study suggests that the antibody may directly inhibit proliferating cell populations in MLR.
Investigation of a Novel Microtiter Plate Support Material and Scanner Quantitation of Immunoassays, Proteins and Phospholipids (1993)

Abstract A recently developed shallow-well microtiter plate, made from a specially formulated polymer that binds proteins, peptides and nucleic acids rapidly and efficiently, has been investigated for use in solid-phase immunoassays as well as for protein and phospholipid assays. The assay uses quantitation of the color intensity of a dye on the solid phase by means of a simple desk-top scanner coupled to a computer which allows the gray-scale density of the color to be easily and accurately measured. Consequently, this approach is independent of the absorption spectrum of the dye used. These studies demonstrate that the novel technology incorporated into these unique shallow-well microtiter plates has potential in both protein and immunoassays. In the latter case, there are considerable savings in both time and material costs over conventional ELISA methods. The scanning software provided for the solid-phase immunoassay is user configurable for other densitometry assays on different solid matrices and can be read directly into a spreadsheet file for subsequent data manipulation.
Laser-enhanced reactive ion etching of GaAs with CCl4 and H2 mixed gas (1984)

Localized enhancement of the reactive ion etching by laser irradiation has been investigated on GaAs by using CCl4 and H2 mixed gas. A laser-enhanced etching rate more than ten times as large as that for without laser irradiation was obtained. It was conjectured that the enhanced mechanism results mainly from the laser-assisted vaporization of the reaction-product species by localized heating of the sample.
Water-repellent coating: formation of polymeric self-assembled monolayers on nanostructured surfaces (2007)

In this paper, we suggest a facile and effective method for water-repellent coating of oxide surfaces. As a coating material, we synthesized a new random copolymer, referred to as poly(TMSMA-r-fluoroMA), by the radical polymerization of 3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl methacrylate (TMSMA) and a fluoromonomer(®) bearing methacrylate moiety (fluoroMA). The random copolymer was designed to consist of a 'surface-reactive part' (trimethoxysilyl group) for anchoring onto oxide-based surfaces and a 'functional part' (perfluoro group) for water repellency. The polymeric self-assembled monolayers (pSAMs) of poly(TMSMA-r-fluoroMA) were constructed on three different aluminum oxide substrates, such as flat, concave-textured, and nanoporous plates, and the static water contact angle of each surface before and after the formation of pSAMs was measured. The formation of pSAMs resulted in significantly enhanced hydrophobicity compared with the corresponding bare surfaces. In particular, among three poly(TMSMA-r-fluoroMA)-coated surfaces, the nanoporous plate showed the highest water-repellent property, with a static contact angle of ∼163°, which is indicative of superhydrophobic surfaces.
Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (v3): UTF-8 String Representation of Distinguished Names (1997)

The X.500 Directory uses distinguished names as the primary keys to entries in the directory. Distinguished Names are encoded in ASN.1 in the X.500 Directory protocols. In the Lightweight Directory Access Protocol, a string representation of distinguished names is transferred. This specification defines the string format for representing names, which is designed to give a clean representation of commonly used distinguished names, while being able to represent any distinguished name.
Editor’s Page (1955)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Wallace R. Brode, "Editor's Page," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 45, 908-908 (1955) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Oligomerization through Hemopexin and Cytoplasmic Domains Regulates the Activity and Turnover of Membrane-type 1 Matrix Metalloproteinase (2002)

The formation of multimeric complexes by membrane-type 1 matrix metalloproteinase (MT1-MMP) may facilitate its autocatalytic inactivation or proMMP-2 activation on the cell surface. To characterize these processes, we expressed various glutathione S-transferase/MT1-MMP fusion proteins in human HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells and SV40-transformed lung fibroblasts and analyzed their effects on MT1-MMP activity and potential homophilic interactions. We report here that MT1-MMP is expressed on the cell surface as oligomeric 200--240-kDa complexes containing both the active 60-kDa and autocatalytically processed 43-kDa species. Overexpression of a glutathione S-transferase/MT1-MMP fusion protein containing the transmembrane and cytoplasmic domains of MT1-MMP inhibited the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-induced autocatalytic cleavage of endogenous MT1-MMP to the 43-kDa species, but not proMMP-2 activation. On the other hand, a similar fusion protein with the hemopexin, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains inhibited proMMP-2 activation in a dominant-negative fashion. These results suggest that both the autocatalytic cleavage of MT1-MMP and proMMP-2 activation may be regulated by oligomerization through the cytoplasmic and hemopexin domains. Indeed, either domain, when attached to the cell membrane by a transmembrane domain, formed stable homophilic complexes. Copurification of MT1-MMP with these fusion proteins correlated with their cell-surface co-localization. Thus, MT1-MMP oligomerization through the hemopexin, transmembrane, and cytoplasmic domains controls its catalytic activity.
Mixed body-bias techniques with fixed Vt and Ids generation circuits (2005)

In sub 1 V CMOS VLSIs, the authors proposed a new body bias generation circuits in which Ids and Vt of pMOS/nMOS become always fixed. The mixed body bias techniques result in positive temperature dependence of the delay, 85% reduction of the delay variation, and 75% improvement of power consumption of SRAM on a mobile processor.
PREFERENTIAL TRANSPORT OF CUPRIC AND FERRIC IONS THROUGH ION EXCHANGE MEMBRANES WITH ELECTRODIALYSIS IN THE PRESENCE OF CITRIC ACID (1993)

Abstract The preferential transport of cupric and ferric ions through a cation exchange membrane was studied in chloride solutions with electrodialysis at constant electric field operation. Citric acid was used as a complexing agent in metal ion solution in order to increase the permselectivity of metal ions. The preferential transport behavior depends on the stoichiometric ratio of citric acid to metal ions, the pH value of solution and effective applied voltages, but is slightly affected by the flow rate of solution. Based on the Nernst-Planck equation and interfacial quasi-equilibrium, the theoretical results obtained from numerical calculation are in agreement with the experimental data while the effective applied voltages <1.5 V, and the stoichiometric ratio of citric acid to metal ions <0.7.
Manufacturable planar bulk-InP avalanche photodiodes for 10 Gb/s applications (2003)

We have described a planar, bulk-ZnP APD fabricated using mature production processes which is simultaneously capable of 85 GHz gain-bandwidth products, peak bandwidths in excess of 10 GHz, and low-gain (M<3) turn-on of high bandwidth performance. This device exhibits dark currents on the order of 1 nA, capacitances of about 0.2 pF, and high reliability of better than 0.5 FIT. Finally, 10 Gb/s receiver modules incorporating these PSDs with GaAs HEMT-based TIAs have achieved back-to-back sensitivities of -26.5 dBm for a bit error rate of 10/sup -10/.