gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Multi-operand adder synthesis on FPGAs using generalized parallel counters (2010)

Multi-operand adders usually consist of compression trees which reduce the number of operands per a bit to two, and a carry-propagate adder for the two operands in ASIC implementation. The former part is usually realized using full adders or (3; 2) counters like Wallace-trees in ASIC, while adder trees or dedicated hardware are used in FPGA. In this paper, an approach to realize compression trees on FPGAs is proposed. In case of FPGA with m-input LUT, any counters with up to m inputs can be realized with one LUT per an output. Our approach utilizes generalized parallel counters (GPCs) with up to m inputs and synthesizes high-performance compression trees by setting some intermediate height limits in the compression process like Dadda's multipliers. Experimental results show its effectiveness against existing approaches at GPC level and on Altera's Stratix III.
A new approach to using anisotropically conductive adhesives for flip-chip assembly (1996)

The use of anisotropically conductive adhesives (ACAs) for the direct interconnection of silicon chips to printed circuits offers numerous advantages including: reduced package thickness, improved environmental compatibility, lowered assembly temperatures, increased metallization options, and decreased equipment needs. To increase throughput and to lower costs, we have developed a new approach to flip-chip assembly with ACAs. Our process uses two unique features: an ACA thixotropic paste formulation and a batch curing fixture. The thixotropic paste, which replaces the more conventional film form of the adhesive, can be easily dispensed onto the substrate with a stencil printer. Chips placed into the ACA paste are held securely due to the "tacky" nature of the material much like surface mount components are held by solder pastes. As a result, no heating of the chips is required during assembly, increasing throughput and relaxing co-planarity tolerances in the alignment equipment. As with all ACAs, the paste must be cured by the simultaneous application of heat and pressure. In our process, curing is accomplished in a fixture capable of holding multiple chips and/or circuit boards simultaneously. Uniform pressure is applied to components during the 3-5 min thermal cure cycle via a conformable silicone rubber bladder. Initial yield and temperature cycling data are reported in this paper. Silicon chips with gold metallization show small (<15%) increases in contact resistance after more than 1000 test cycles (between 0-100/spl deg/C); bumping the chips was not required. Aluminum metallized chips proved to be unreliable after temperature cycling tests.
Flammability Limits of Hydrogen-Oxygen-Diluent Mixtures (1985)

Flammability limits of hydrogen-oxygen-diluent mixtures were determined in a 5-cm diameter, 1.8-m long tube, for upward, downward and horizontal prop agation of the flame. It was found that for fuel-lean mixtures, upward limits were nearly independent of the diluent type and concentration; downward limits showed a slight dependence on diluent type and concentration. Limits for fuel- rich mixtures were independent of the direction of propagation of the flame. In all cases, to a good approximation, horizontal limits lay midway between the upward and downward limits. It was also found that limits for fuel-rich mixtures were dependent on the oxygen volume fraction. Empirical correlations are presented to estimate the limits.
Vaccination with an Adenoviral Vector That Encodes and Displays a Retroviral Antigen Induces Improved Neutralizing Antibody and CD4<sup>+</sup>T-Cell Responses and Confers Enhanced Protection (2009)

We present a new type of adenoviral vector that both encodes and displays a vaccine antigen on the capsid, thus combining in itself gene-based and protein vaccination; this vector resulted in an improved vaccination outcome in the Friend virus (FV) model. For presentation of the envelope protein gp70 of Friend murine leukemia virus on the adenoviral capsid, gp70 was fused to the adenovirus capsid protein IX. When compared to vaccination with conventional FV Env- and Gag-encoding adenoviral vectors, vaccination with the adenoviral vector that encodes and displays pIX-gp70 combined with an FV Gag-encoding vector resulted in significantly improved protection against systemic FV challenge infection, with highly controlled viral loads in plasma and spleen. This improved protection correlated with improved neutralizing antibody titers and stronger CD4(+) T-cell responses. Using a vector that displays gp70 without encoding it, we found that while the antigen display on the capsid alone was sufficient to induce high levels of binding antibodies, in vivo expression was necessary for the induction of neutralizing antibodies. This new type of adenovirus-based vaccine could be a valuable tool for vaccination.
Joint model of motion and anatomy for PET image reconstruction (2007)

Anatomy-based positron emission tomography (PET) image enhancement techniques have been shown to have the potential for improving PET image quality. However, these techniques assume an accurate alignment between the anatomical and the functional images, which is not always valid when imaging the chest due to respiratory motion. In this article, we present a joint model of both motion and anatomical information by integrating a motion-incorporated PET imaging system model with an anatomy-based maximum a posteriori image reconstruction algorithm. The mismatched anatomical information due to motion can thus be effectively utilized through this joint model. A computer simulation and a phantom study were conducted to assess the efficacy of the joint model, whereby motion and anatomical information were either modeled separately or combined. The reconstructed images in each case were compared to corresponding reference images obtained using a quadratic image prior based maximum a posteriori reconstruction algorithm for quantitative accuracy. Results of these studies indicated that while modeling anatomical information or motion alone improved the PET image quantitation accuracy, a larger improvement in accuracy was achieved when using the joint model. In the computer simulation study and using similar image noise levels, the improvement in quantitation accuracy compared to the reference images was 5.3% and 19.8% when using anatomical or motion information alone, respectively, and 35.5% when using the joint model. In the phantom study, these results were 5.6%, 5.8%, and 19.8%, respectively. These results suggest that motion compensation is important in order to effectively utilize anatomical information in chest imaging using PET. The joint motion-anatomy model presented in this paper provides a promising solution to this problem.
A magnetic bead-based assay for the rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus by using a microfluidic system with integrated loop-mediated isothermal amplification (2011)

This study reports a new diagnostic assay for the rapid detection of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) by combing nucleic acid extraction and isothermal amplification of target nucleic acids in a magnetic bead-based microfluidic system. By using specific probe-conjugated magnetic beads, the target deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) of the MRSA can be specifically recognized and hybridized onto the surface of the magnetic beads which are then mixed with clinical sample lysates. This is followed by purifying and concentrating the target DNA from the clinical sample lysates by applying a magnetic field. Nucleic acid amplification of the target genes can then be performed by the use of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) process via the incorporation of a built-in micro temperature control module, followed by analyzing the optical density (OD) of the LAMP amplicons using a spectrophotometer. Significantly, experimental results show that the limit of detection (LOD) for MRSA in the clinical samples is approximately 10 fg μL(-1) by performing this diagnostic assay in the magnetic bead-based microfluidic system. In addition, the entire diagnostic protocol, from bio-sample pre-treatment to optical detection, can be automatically completed within 60 min. Consequently, this miniature diagnostic assay may become a powerful tool for the rapid purification and detection of MRSA and a potential point-of-care platform for detection of other types of infections.
Webシステムのデザインパターン : すぐに使えるe-businessアプリケーション構築の定石集 (2003)

デジタル経済に向けたソリューション ｅ‐ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓのパターンとは ｅ‐ｂｕｓｉｎｅｓｓパターンを文書化する ビジネスパターン 統合パターン 複合パターン セルフサービス用アプリケーションパターン コラボレーション用アプリケーションパターン 情報集約用アプリケーションパターン 拡張エンタープライズ用アプリケーションパターン アクセス統合利用アプリケーションパターン アプリケーション統合用アプリケーションパターン アプリケーションパターンを識別した後のステップ ｅ−マーケットプレイスの事例研究
A novel randomized iterative strategy for aligning multiple protein sequences (1991)

The rigorous alignment of multiple protein sequences becomes impractical even with a modest number of sequences, since computer memory and time requirements increase as the product of the lengths of the sequences. We have devised a strategy to approach such an optimal alignment, which modifies the intensive computer storage and time requirements of dynamic programming. Our algorithm randomly divides a group of unaligned sequences into two subgroups, between which an optimal alignment is then obtained by a Needleman-Wunsch style of algorithm. Our algorithm uses a matrix with dimensions corresponding to the lengths of the two aligned sequence subgroups. The pairwise alignment process is repeated using different random divisions of the whole group into two subgroups. Compared with the rigorous approach of solving the n-dimensional lattice by dynamic programming, our iterative algorithm results in alignments that match or are close to the optimal solution, on a limited set of test problems. We have implemented this algorithm in a computer program that runs on the IBM PC class of machines, together with a user-friendly environment for interactively selecting sequences or groups of sequences to be aligned either simultaneously or progressively.
3.5 mu m thin valves in titanium membranes (1992)

Passive microvalves have been fabricated into a 2.7 mu m thin titanium membrane. The valves consist of a perforated thin membrane of polyimide stretched over an opening in the titanium membrane. The diameters of the openings in the polyimide and titanium membranes are 100 mu m and 180 mu m, respectively. The diameter of the valve is 1 mm. The thickness of the polyimide membrane has been varied between 0.45 and 2.15 mu m. The microvalves are fabricated by sputtering of thin films, photolithography, etching of sacrificial layers, and transfer of the membranes from a substrate to a rigid frame. Tests with helium showed in all cases a leakage of less than 4*10-4 hPa l s-1 through the closed valve. The helium flow through the open microvalves attained 3.2 hPa l s-1 at a pressure difference of 250 hPa corresponding to a mass flow of 2.4 ml s-1 at an absolute pressure of 1250 hPa.
Case of a locally advanced carcinoma cervix presenting with<i>protrusio acetabuli</i>: pre-screening era presentation rarely seen in modern times (2014)

Keywords: cervical carcinomaprotrusio acetabulihip bone involvement in cervix carcinomapre-screeningcervical cancer
Needle Electrode-Based Electromechanical Reshaping of Cartilage (2010)

Electromechanical reshaping (EMR) of cartilage provides an alternative to the classic surgical techniques of modifying the shape of facial cartilages. The original embodiment of EMR required surface electrodes to be in direct contact with the entire cartilage region being reshaped. This study evaluates the feasibility of using needle electrode systems for EMR of facial cartilage and evaluates the relationships between electrode configuration, voltage, and application time in effecting shape change. Flat rabbit nasal septal cartilage specimens were deformed by a jig into a 90° bend, while a constant electric voltage was applied to needle electrodes that were inserted into the cartilage. The electrode configuration, voltage (0-7.5 V), and application time (1-9 min) were varied systematically to create the most effective shape change. Electric current and temperature were measured during voltage application, and the resulting specimen shape was assessed in terms of retained bend angle. In order to demonstrate the clinical feasibility of EMR, the most effective and practical settings from the septal cartilage experimentation were used to reshape intact rabbit and pig ears ex vivo. Cell viability of the cartilage after EMR was determined using confocal microscopy in conjunction with a live/dead assay. Overall, cartilage reshaping increased with increased voltage and increased application time. For all electrode configurations and application times tested, heat generation was negligible (<1 °C) up to 6 V. At 6 V, with the most effective electrode configuration, the bend angle began to significantly increase after 2 min of application time and began to plateau above 5 min. As a function of voltage at 2 min of application time, significant reshaping occurred at and above 5 V, with no significant increase in the bend angle between 6 and 7.5 V. In conclusion, electromechanical reshaping of cartilage grafts and intact ears can be effectively performed with negligible temperature elevation and spatially limited cell injury using needle electrodes.
Immune Response of Mice to Ingested Toxoplasma gondii: A Model of Toxoplasma Infection Acquired by Ingestion (1984)

SWR/J mice perorally infected with the Me49 strain of Toxoplasma gondii developed thymic cortical atrophy, clusters of epithelioid cells and plasma cells in lymphoid tissue, and hepatic inflammation during the first month after infection; the inflammation subsequently decreased. Antibody to T gondii was present in serum on day 14 after infection, reached a maximal titer by one month, and remained at this titer for five months. Splenic lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to concanavalin A was depressed for one month but returned to normal in most mice by two months. Splenic lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to toxoplasma antigens (stimulation index, greater than or equal to 1.6) developed in one-third of mice after two months of infection but did not develop in others even after five months of infection. Peritoneal macrophages had an enhanced microbicidal capacity against T gondii from 14 days until five months after infection. Peroral administration of the Me49 strain of T gondii was lethal for Beige-C57BL/6J and C57BL/6J mice; these strains of mice showed the most extensive changes, necrosis, thrombi, and many trophozoites in tissues.
The Extraction, Solubility, and Characterization of Two Groups of Barley Storage Polypeptides (1980)

This paper reports further studies on the characteristics of the storage protein fraction (hordein) of barley. Hordein consists of two groups of polypeptides (termed ‘B’ and ‘C’) coded by two separate but linked loci. Whereas the ‘C’ polypeptides are readily soluble and extracted in 60&percnt; (v&sol;v) ethanol at room temperature, the ‘B’ group is more soluble in, and therefore more efficiently extracted by, 50&percnt; (v&sol;v) propan-1-ol or 45&percnt; (v&sol;v) propan-2-ol at elevated temperatures and in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol. However, the most efficient conditions for hordein extraction (50&percnt; propan-1-ol &plus; 2&percnt; (v&sol;v) 2-mercaptoethanol at 60 °C) also extract some contaminating non-hordein polypeptides resulting in an apparently increased lysine content of the hordein fraction. Amino acid analysis of the purified ‘B’ and ‘C’ hordein groups shows that, whereas ‘C’ hordein contains more glutamate &plus; glutamine, proline, and phenylalanine than ‘B’ hordein, it contains only traces of lysine and sulphur amino acids in contrast to ‘B’ hordein which contains 0·5&percnt; lysine 0·6&percnt; methionine, and 2·5&percnt; cysteine. Equilibrium sedimentation analyses carried out on the purified ‘B’ and ‘C’ groups indicates that the preparations were reasonably monodisperse with molecular weights of approximately 32 000 and 52 000 respectively. These values are considerably lower than those previously determined by SDS-PAGE.
<title>Large-telescope natural guide star adaptive optics system</title> (1994)

This paper presents an adaptive optics (AO) system for a large IR telescope. The Keck Telescope on Mauna Kea is used as a case study. The system is designed to provide low-order wavefront correction using faint natural guide stars. It is shown that two innovations, namely the use of an AO-optimized CCD detector, and use of a variable control bandwidth, result in correction to a Strehl ratio of about 0.1 using guide stars of visual magnitude 18. Sky coverage is approximately 20% at this level of performance. Sky coverage rises to 100% at a Strehl ratio of 0.05.
Enhanced activity of promoted (VO)2P2O7 by preferential exposure of the (020) plane (1990)

D. Ye, A. Satsuma, T. Hattori and Y. Murakami, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1990, 1337 DOI: 10.1039/C39900001337
Stimulation of human neutrophil leukocyte aerobic glucose metabolism by purified chemotactic factors. (1974)

The interaction of human neutrophils adherent to plastic petri dishes with the purified chemotactic factors C5a and kallikrein increased their rate of aerobic glycolysis 25-120% and the activity of their hexose monophosphate shunt (HMPS) 100-600%, reaching a plateau after 2 hr at 37 degrees C. The stimulation of either pathway required a chemotactically active stimulus since neither C5 nor prekallikrein or inactivated kallikrein could enhance metabolic activity. Marked suppression of the neutrophil chemotactic response by preincubation with a chemotactic factor to achieve deactivation, 5 x 10(-7) M diisopropyl fluorophosphate, or the neutrophil immobilizing factor (NIF) did not prevent the stimulation of HMPS activity or glycolysis by chemotactic factors. The metabolic inhibitors iodoacetate and 6-aminonicotinamide at concentrations which blocked enhancement of glycolysis or HMPS activity, respectively, partially suppressed the chemotactic response of neutrophils to the chemotactic factors. The capacity of a chemotactic factor to stimulate glucose metabolism of human neutrophils is associated with a maximal chemotactic response, but this stimulation is not alone sufficient for chemotaxis.
Teschoviruses as Indicators of Porcine Fecal Contamination of Surface Water (2003)

Teschoviruses specifically infect pigs and are shed in pig feces. Hence, their presence in water should indicate contamination with pig fecal residues. To assess this hypothesis, we have developed a real-time reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) method that allows the quantitative detection of pig teschovirus (PTV) RNA. The method is able to detect 92 fg of PTV RNA per ml of sample. Using this method, we have detected the presence of PTV RNA in water and fecal samples from all pig farms examined (n = 5). Feces from other animal species (cattle, sheep, and goats) were negative in this test. To compare the PTV RNA detection method with conventional chemical determinations currently in use for evaluation of water contamination, we analyzed water samples collected downstream from a pig slurry spillage site. We have found a positive correlation within both types of determinations. The sensitivity of the PTV detection assay was similar to that achieved by unspecific organic matter determination and superior to all other conventional chemical analyses performed. Furthermore, the new method is highly specific, revealing the porcine origin of the contamination, a feature that is lacking in currently available methods for the assessment of water contamination.
THE EVOKED HEART RATE RESPONSE DURING SLEEP (1966)

ABSTRACT Heart rate responses evoked by a 3‐sec auditory stimulus were averaged within stages of sleep for five subjects. Although there were some individual differences, the evoked HR response is generally diphasic, with the peak of the acceleratory component occurring on the fourth post‐stimulus beat and the trough of the deceleratory component occurring on the 10th post‐stimulus beat. Unlike other variables, which are depressed during the rapid eye movement (REM) stage, the HR response tends to be larger during the REM stage than during other stages of sleep. The size of the response is not appreciably affected by time of night, since HR is non‐habituating during sleep, but is affected by the respiratory cycle phase, being largest when the stimulus occurs during inspiration or the period immediately prior to inspiration, and smallest when the stimulus occurs during the expiratory phase.
[Clinical and functional characteristics of broncho-pulmonary system under exposure to chrysotile-asbestos dust]. (2008)

Early changes under exposure to chrysotile-asbestos dust include light arterial hypoxemia, lower bronchial permeability of small bronchi. Early asbestosis and dust bronchitis manifest with impaired pulmonary ventilation of mixed type, that is associated with moderate arterial hypoxemia in dust bronchitis.
Towards Information-Seeking Agents (2016)

We develop a general problem setting for training and testing the ability of agents to gather information efficiently. Specifically, we present a collection of tasks in which success requires searching through a partially-observed environment, for fragments of information which can be pieced together to accomplish various goals. We combine deep architectures with techniques from reinforcement learning to develop agents that solve our tasks. We shape the behavior of these agents by combining extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. We empirically demonstrate that these agents learn to search actively and intelligently for new information to reduce their uncertainty, and to exploit information they have already acquired.
Tunable wavelength multi/demultiplexer using a variable retardation phase plate (1990)

A tunable wavelength multi/demultiplexer using a variable retardation phase plate is reported. Feasibility is experimentally demonstrated with a multi/demultiplexer composed of an electrically controlled LiNbO(3) hase plate.
Statistical methods for the inference of interaction networks (2014)

This gave me the opportunity to experience two dierent scientic work environments and two very dierent german cities.When working in computational biology it is not important where you work from.More important are the people you work with.In this matter I have been blessed with some brilliant collaborators.I am very grateful to the laboratory of Patrick Cramer, especially to Martin Seizl for designing validation experiments for me and to Nicole Pirkl and Stefanie Etzold for prompt and accurate realization of these experiments.I thank Dietmar Martin for helping me putting the results in context and for his expertise working on the yeast model organism.I also thank Ulrich Mansmann for supporting me with his statistical knowledge and for pertinent remarks on independence testing
Phase Equilibria and Crystal Chemistry in the Quaternary System Ba‐Sr‐Y‐Cu‐O in Air (1989)

Studies in the Sr‐Y‐Cu‐O and Ba‐Sr‐Y‐Cu‐O systems have revealed that Sr will substitute for Ba in (Ba,Sr) 2 YCu 3 O 6+ x up to about 60%. There are no ternary compounds in the Sr‐Y‐Cu‐O system equivalent to the three ternary phases in the Ba system. A new binary phase, “Sr 14 Cu 24 O 41 ”(CuO ∼ 63.158 mol%), was found which forms a solid solution with Y 2 O 3 to a Sr:Y ratio of approximately 2:1. This phase can also incorporate considerable amounts of Ba and Ca and many other large ions.
Stark ladders in strongly coupled superlattices and their interactions with embedded quantum wells (1990)

We have observed the formation of Stark ladders at low electric fields in a strongly coupled GaAs/${\mathrm{Al}}_{0.3}$${\mathrm{Ga}}_{0.7}$As superlattice, with miniband widths on the order of the conduction- and valence-band discontinuities. We deduce, for the first time, the energies of the Stark states for electrons, light holes, and heavy holes separately by examining optical transitions and anticrossings involving the Stark levels and the discrete levels of a pair of quantum wells embedded in the superlattice.