gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effective conductivity of composites containing aligned spheroidal inclusions of finite conductivity (1996)

The effective conductivity of composites containing aligned spheroids of finite conductivity is determined with the pair interaction rigorously taken into account. The pair interaction is evaluated by solving a boundary-value problem involving two aligned spheroids with a boundary collocation scheme. Our results are in the form of virial expansion in the inclusion volume fraction f, truncated at the O(f2) term. Effective conductivities obtained from this study agree well with Willis’s [J. Mech. Phys. Solids 25, 185 (1977)] bounds and Kim and Torquato’s [J. Appl. Phys. 74, 1844 (1993)] first-passage-time simulation results. An expression for the effective conductivity tensor based on an equivalent inclusion method originated by Hasselman and Johnson [J. Compos. Mater. 21, 508 (1987)] is also derived, from which a criterion for testing the virial expansion validity is constructed. The relevant series ratio is found to be a good measure of intensity of the system thermal interaction. The smaller the value of the series ratio, the better agreement of the virial expansion with the simulation results. Explicit expressions for the second-order virial expansion for the parallel and perpendicular components of the effective conductivity tensor are tabulated for inclusion aspect ratios 1, 10/9, 2, 5, 10 and phase conductivity ratios σ=0, 0.1, 2, 10, 100, 10 000, and ∞.
In-assisted desorption of native GaAs surface oxides (2011)

We demonstrate In-assisted desorption of native GaAs surface oxides at substrate temperatures of 480–550 °C. The oxides are removed through production of volatile Ga and In suboxides, Ga2O, and In2O. Compared to a Ga-assisted desorption process, excess In is easily removed at low substrate temperature, favouring a clean, smooth surface. The feasibility of using In-assisted desorption for the regrowth of high quality quantum dot structures is shown.
In situ-prepared composite materials of PEDOT: PSS buffer layer-metal nanoparticles and their application to organic solar cells (2012)

We report an enhancement in the efficiency of organic solar cells via the incorporation of gold (Au) or silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) in the hole-transporting buffer layer of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS), which was formed on an indium tin oxide (ITO) surface by the spin-coating of PEDOT:PSS-Au or Ag NPs composite solution. The composite solution was synthesized by a simple in situ preparation method which involved the reduction of chloroauric acid (HAuCl4) or silver nitrate (AgNO3) with sodium borohydride (NaBH4) solution in the presence of aqueous PEDOT:PSS media. The NPs were well dispersed in the PEDOT:PSS media and showed a characteristic absorption peak due to the surface plasmon resonance effect. Organic solar cells with the structure of ITO/PEDOT:PSS-Au, Ag NPs/poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM)/LiF/Al exhibited an 8% improvement in their power conversion efficiency mainly due to the enlarged surface roughness of the PEDOT:PSS, which lead to an improvement in the charge collection and ultimately improvements in the short-circuit current density and fill factor.
Hedgehog/Ras interactions regulate early stages of pancreatic cancer (2006)

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDA) constitutes a lethal disease that affects >30,000 people annually in the United States. Deregulation of Hedgehog signaling has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PDA. To gain insights into the role of the pathway during the distinct stages of pancreatic carcinogenesis, we established a mouse model in which Hedgehog signaling is activated specifically in the pancreatic epithelium. Transgenic mice survived to adulthood and developed undifferentiated carcinoma, indicating that epithelium-specific Hedgehog signaling is sufficient to drive pancreatic neoplasia but does not recapitulate human pancreatic carcinogenesis. In contrast, simultaneous activation of Ras and Hedgehog signaling caused extensive formation of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasias, the earliest stages of human PDA tumorigenesis, and accelerated lethality. These results indicate the cooperation of Hedgehog and Ras signaling during the earliest stages of PDA formation. They also mark Hedgehog pathway components as relevant therapeutic targets for both early and advanced stages of pancreatic ductal neoplasia.
The distribution of different classes of nuclear localization signals (NLSs) in diverse organisms and the utilization of the minor NLS-binding site inplantnuclear import factor importin-α (2013)

The specific recognition between the import receptor importin-α and the nuclear localization signals (NLSs) is crucial to ensure the selective transport of cargoes into the nucleus. NLSs contain 1 or 2 clusters of positively charged amino acids, which usually bind to the major (monopartite NLSs) or both minor and major NLS-binding sites (bipartite NLSs). In our recent study, we determined the structure of importin-α1a from rice (Oryza sativa), and made 2 observations that suggest an increased utilization of the minor NLS-binding site in this protein. First, unlike the mammalian protein, both the major and minor NLS-binding sites are auto-inhibited in the unliganded rice protein. Second, we showed that NLSs of the "plant-specific" class preferentially bind to the minor NLS-binding site of rice importin-α. Here, we show that a distinct group of "minor site-specific" NLSs also bind to the minor site of the rice protein. We further show a greater enrichment of proteins containing these "plant-specific" and "minor site-specific" NLSs in the rice proteome. However, the analysis of the distribution of different classes of NLSs in diverse eukaryotes shows that in all organisms, the minor site-specific NLSs are much less prevalent than the classical monopartite and bipartite NLSs.
Immunocytochemical and Morphological Evidence for Intracellular Self-Repair as an Important Contributor to Mammalian Hair Cell Recovery (1999)

Although recent studies have provided evidence for hair cell regeneration in mammalian inner ears, the mechanism underlying this regenerative process is still under debate. Here we report immunocytochemical, histological, electron microscopic, and autoradiographic evidence that, in cultured postnatal rat utricles, a substantial number of hair cells can survive gentamicin insult even their stereocilia are lost. These partially damaged hair cells can survive for a prolonged time and regrow the stereocilia. Although the number of stereocilia-bearing hair cells increases over time after gentamicin insult, hair cell and supporting cell numbers remain essentially unchanged. Tritiated thymidine autoradiography and bromodeoxyuridine immunocytochemistry of the cultures demonstrate that cell proliferation in the sensory epithelium is very limited and is far below the number of recovered hair cells. Furthermore, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated biotinylated UTP nick end labeling analysis indicates that gentamicin-induced apoptosis in the sensory epithelium occurs mainly during a 2 d treatment period, and additional cell death is minimal 2-11 d after treatment. Considered together, intracellular repair of partially damaged hair cells can be an important contributor to spontaneous hair cell recovery in mammalian inner ears.
Square and Rectangular Waveguides with Rounded Corners (1972)

Eigenfunctions, eigenvalues, and attenuation constants in waveguides are determined for the square with rounded corners, and for the cigar-shaped rectangle with rounded ends. These cross sections allow, by continuous variation of a parameter, the investigation of the deformation of the modes and attenuation curves of a circular waveguide. Particular attention is given to the H/sub01/ mode and its remarkable attenuation curve.
Relaxed head media spacing by high resolution reader at Multi Tb/in 2 (2010)

By rule of thumb, the head media spacing (HMS) has to be around the half distance of the bit length or below. At 10 Tb/in2 and bit aspect ratio (BAR) of 4, the bit length is only 4 nm. This requires the HMS of 2 nm. It is extremely hard to squeeze in the media overcoat and lubricant. The small HMS demand is mainly from the reader for large signal intensity and high read back resolution. This work is to benefit the super resolution characteristics of differential dual spin valve (DDSV) reader and allow the reader to playback good quality signal at higher HMS.
Short-circuit interruption performance of thyristor circuit breakers (2002)

The paper introduces four related thyristor circuit breaker (TCB) topologies based on the commonly used parallel capacitor current commutation principle. Respective merits of the four topologies analysed and the evaluation of their short circuit performance characteristics is presented. Normalisation of equations result in two design parameters to enable the evaluation of TCB designs. Practical values of these parameters are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
HiGCIN: Hierarchical Graph-Based Cross Inference Network for Group Activity Recognition (2020)

Group activity recognition (GAR) is a challenging task aimed at recognizing the behavior of a group of people. It is a complex inference process in which visual cues collected from individuals are integrated into the final prediction, being aware of the interaction between them. This paper goes one step further beyond the existing approaches by designing a Hierarchical Graph-based Cross Inference Network (HiGCIN), in which three levels of information, i.e., the body-region level, person level, and group-activity level, are constructed, learned, and inferred in an end-to-end manner. Primarily, we present a generic Cross Inference Block (CIB), which is able to concurrently capture the latent spatiotemporal dependencies among body regions and persons. Based on the CIB, two modules are designed to extract and refine features for group activities at each level. Experiments on two popular benchmarks verify the effectiveness of our approach, particularly in the ability to infer with multilevel visual cues. In addition, training our approach does not require individual action labels to be provided, which greatly reduces the amount of labor required in data annotation.
ILD0 CMP: Technology enabler for high K metal gate in high performance logic devices (2010)

The extension of Moore's Law at the 45/32nm nodes is made possible by the introduction of high-k metal gate. In the gate-last scheme to integrate high-k metal gate, planarization and surface topography control have been reported as some of the biggest process challenges. This paper presents a three-platen chemical mechanical planarization process in which fixed abrasive is used on platen 2 and a non-selective slurry is used on platen 3 with a FullVision™ in-situ endpoint system. Superior planarization and dishing performance by the fixed abrasive and consistent endpoint control by FullVision enabled tight control of within wafer, within die and wafer-to-wafer thickness variations that is critical to the success of high k metal gate in high performance logic devices.
Stimulation of β<sub>2</sub>-Adrenoceptors Inhibits Apoptosis in Rat Brain after Transient Forebrain Ischemia (1998)

We have previously demonstrated that the neuroprotective effect of the beta2-adrenoceptor agonist clenbuterol in vitro and in vivo was most likely mediated by an increased nerve growth factor (NGF) expression. In the present study, we examined whether clenbuterol was capable of inhibiting apoptosis caused by ischemia. Transient forebrain ischemia was performed in male Wistar rats (300 to 350 g) by clamping both common carotid arteries and reducing the blood pressure to 40 mm Hg for 10 minutes. Clenbuterol (0.1, 0.5, and 1.0 mg/kg intraperitoneally) was administered 3 hours before ischemia or immediately after ischemia. The brains were removed for histologic evaluation 7 days after ischemia. The time course of DNA fragmentation was determined 1, 2, 3 and 4 days after ischemia. Staining with terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL) was used for further analysis of DNA fragments in situ 3 days after ischemia. The NGF protein was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ten-minute forebrain ischemia damaged 80% to 90% of the neurons in the hippocampal CA1 region evaluated 7 days after ischemia. Pretreatment with clenbuterol (0.5 and 1.0 mg/kg) reduced the neuronal damage by 18.1% (P < 0.01) and 13.1% (P < 0.05), respectively. The neuroprotective effect also was found when clenbuterol (0.5 mg/kg) was administered immediately after ischemia (P < 0.05). The DNA laddering appeared in striatum 1 day and in hippocampus 2 days after ischemia and peaked on the third day in both regions. The DNA laddering was nearly abolished in the hippocampus and partially blocked in striatum and cortex by 0.5 mg/kg clenbuterol. These results were confirmed by TUNEL staining. Clenbuterol (0.5 mg/kg intraperitoneally) elevated the NGF protein level by 33% (P < 0.05) in the hippocampus and 41% (P < 0.05) in the cortex 6 hours after ischemia. Three days after ischemia, the NGF levels in these regions were no longer different between the clenbuterol-treated and control groups. This study clearly demonstrates that clenbuterol possesses a neuroprotective activity and a marked capacity to inhibit DNA degradation after global ischemia. The results suggest that clenbuterol increases NGF expression during the first hours after global ischemia and thereby protects neurons against apoptotic damage.
MULTIPLEXED PROTEIN ARRAY PLATFORMS FOR ANALYSIS OF AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES (2006)

Several proteomics platforms have emerged in the past decade that show great promise for filling in the many gaps that remain from earlier studies of the genome and from the sequencing of the human genome itself. This review describes applications of proteomics technologies to the study of autoimmune diseases. We focus largely on biased technology platforms that are capable of analyzing a large panel of known analytes, as opposed to techniques such as two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DIGE) or mass spectroscopy that represent unbiased approaches (as reviewed in 1). At present, the main analytes that can be systematically studied in autoimmunity include autoantibodies, cytokines and chemokines, components of signaling pathways, and cell-surface receptors. We review the most commonly used platforms for such studies, citing important discoveries and limitations that exist. We conclude by reviewing advances in biomedical informatics that will eventually allow the human proteome to be deciphered.
Le souvenir d'Anchieta aux Canaries. (1948)

Ricard Robert. Le souvenir d'Anchieta aux Canaries. In: Journal de la Société des Américanistes. Tome 37, 1948. p. 345.
Relationship between Subjective and Objective Measures of Attention in a Clinical Population of Children and Adolescents (2012)

Attention problems can pose a serious challenge to the academic progress of children and adolescents. Currently, there are several different assessment methods utilized in the clinical diagnosis of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). Subjective and objective assessment measures purport to be measuring similar constructs of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. The present study examines the degree of correlation between the constructs of attention problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, and signal detection between the Conners' Continuous Performance Test II Version 5 (CPT II) and a parent-report measure of attention problems, hyperactivity/impulsivity, aggression, emotional problems, and learning problems in a general clinical population of children and adolescents. This study also measures the correlation between these measures and the Woodcock Johnson III Tests of Cognitive Abilities (WJ-III COG) Auditory Attention subtest. No significant correlations were found among the CPT II errors of omission score or commissions score and attention problems or hyperactivity/impulsivity. No significant correlations were found among attention problems or hyperactivity/impulsivity and CPT II Reaction Time (RT), variability, or attentiveness. No significant correlations were found among the CPT II errors of omission or commissions scores and emotional problems, aggression, or learning problems. No significant correlations were found among the CPT II errors of omission score, commissions score, or RT and the WJ-III COG Auditory Attention subtest. A significant negative correlation was found between the CPT II variability score and the WJ-III COG Auditory Attention subtest. A significant positive correlation was found between the CPT II attentiveness score and the WJ-III COG Auditory Attention subtest. No significant correlations were found among any of the parent measures of attention problems Auditory Attention subtest. In a canonical correlation analysis there were high loadings on attention problems and hyperactivity/impulsivity on the parent-measure set and on commission errors and RT on the CPT II set. A modest loading on the multiple imputation set was also found on aggression problems and the parent-measure set. These findings support the overall conclusion that the CPT II does not generally relate to the parent-report measures. These findings indicate that there is little meaningful relationship between these two measures, which clinically are both used to assess attention problems.
Mechanism of coronary vasodilation produced by bradykinin. (1991)

The present results demonstrate that intracoronary infusion of bradykinin produces a preferential increase in blood flow to the subendocardium via stimulation of B2 receptors and the release of an endothelium-dependent relaxing factor that may be nitric oxide.
AIDE: Fast and Communication Efficient Distributed Optimization (2016)

In this paper, we present two new communication-efficient methods for distributed minimization of an average of functions. The first algorithm is an inexact variant of the DANE algorithm that allows any local algorithm to return an approximate solution to a local subproblem. We show that such a strategy does not affect the theoretical guarantees of DANE significantly. In fact, our approach can be viewed as a robustification strategy since the method is substantially better behaved than DANE on data partition arising in practice. It is well known that DANE algorithm does not match the communication complexity lower bounds. To bridge this gap, we propose an accelerated variant of the first method, called AIDE, that not only matches the communication lower bounds but can also be implemented using a purely first-order oracle. Our empirical results show that AIDE is superior to other communication efficient algorithms in settings that naturally arise in machine learning applications.
Seasonal variations in the color statistics of natural images (2007)

We examined how the distribution of colors in natural images varies as the seasons change. Images of natural outdoor scenes were acquired at locations in the Western Ghats, India, during monsoon and winter seasons and in the Sierra Nevada, USA, from spring to fall. The images were recorded with an RGB digital camera calibrated to yield estimates of the L, M, and S cone excitations and chromatic and luminance contrasts at each pixel. These were compared across time and location and were analyzed separately for regions of earth and sky. Seasonal climate changes alter both the average color in scenes and how the colors are distributed around the average. Arid periods are marked by a mean shift toward the +L pole of the L vs. M chromatic axis and a rotation in the color distributions away from the S vs. LM chromatic axis and toward an axis of bluish-yellowish variation, both primarily due to changes in vegetation. The form of the change was similar at the two locations suggesting that the color statistics of natural images undergo a characteristic pattern of temporal variation. We consider the implications of these changes for models of both visual sensitivity and color appearance.
Derivatives of acetoacetic acid. Part IV. A new route to α-acetyltetronic acids (1954)

R. N. Lacey, J. Chem. Soc., 1954, 832 DOI: 10.1039/JR9540000832
Studies on the Alkaloids of Menispermaceous Plants. CCXXXVI. : Alkaloids of Stephania japonica MIERS. (Suppl. 16). On the Hofmann Degradation of Hasubanonine (1967)

Hofmann degradation of hasubanonine (I) was carried out and the structure of the methine base (IV) thereby formed was reexamined from its NMR, infrared, and mass spectra. Further, considerations were made on the mechanism of the formation of 3-acetoxy-1, 5, 6-trimethoxyphenanthrene (II) by the acetolysis of IV.
Enantioselective Synthesis of 4-Substituted 4,5-Dihydro-1<i>H</i>-[1,5]benzodiazepin-2(3<i>H</i>)-ones by the Lewis Base-Catalyzed Hydrosilylation (2011)

Enantioselective synthesis of 4-substituted 4,5-dihydro-1H-[1,5]benzodiazepin-2(3H)-ones has been accomplished through chiral Lewis base-catalyzed hydrosilylation. The corresponding products were obtained in excellent yields (up to 99%) and enantioselectivities (up to 98%). The absolute configuration of product 3n has been determined as S by X-ray crystallographic analysis.
Induction of immunogenicity of monoclonal antibodies by conjugation with drugs. (1991)

Human anti-mouse antibody has been a nearly consistent result of human clinical trials utilizing murine antibodies. It is generally anticipated that the problem of human anti-mouse antibody will be reduced as genetically engineered, more human ("humanized") antibodies become available. It is not clear, however, what effect chemical modification of such "humanized" antibodies will have on their immunogenicity. The present studies utilize a mouse antibody and rat host model to explore aspects of this question. Rats injected with unmodified mouse monoclonal antibodies failed to mount anti-mouse immune responses, presumably due to their phylogenetic relatedness. In contrast, rats injected with a Vinca immunoconjugate mounted strong anticonjugate antibody responses that were directed primarily against the linker portion of the conjugate. The in vivo serum pharmacokinetics of 125I-labeled antibody and conjugates were evaluated in rats with existing anticonjugate antibody. The peak serum level attained was inversely correlated with the level of reactivity of the anticonjugate antibody with the injected compound. This model provides a potentially useful tool for exploration of the immunogenicity of drug, toxin, or radionuclide monoclonal antibody conjugates.
Time Irreversibility and Comparison of Cyclic-Variability Models (1999)

We describe a method for detecting and quantifying time irreversibility in experimental engine data. We apply this method to experimental heat-release measurements from four sparkignited engines under leaning fueling conditions. We demonstrate that the observed behavior is inconsistent with a linear Gaussian random process and is more appropriately described as a noisy nonlinear dynamical process.
Ontological Feedback in Multiagent Systems (2004)

In this paper, we present a computational framework for the detection of ontological discrepancies in multiagent systems. The framework is developed as a basis for the generation of feedback utterances at the ontological level. In our method, presuppositions are extracted from the sender's message, expressed in a common vocabulary, and compared with the recipient's ontology, which is expressed in type theory. Discrepancies are detected by the receiving agent if it notices type conflicts, particular inconsistencies or ontological gaps. Depending on the kind of discrepancy, the agent generates a particular feedback message in order to establish alignment of its private ontology with the ontology of the sender.