gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency chirped differential absorption LIDAR (2006)

We present a novel concept design of a differential absorption LIDAR for open path trace gas sensing in the atmosphere. To perform a range-resolved gas sensing we propose to arrange a set of retroreflectors in the laser beam path to measure a differential absorption in adjacent sections. In validation experiments we used a pulsed DFB quantum cascade laser fabricated by Alpes Lasers. The laser was excited with 200-ns current pulses with a repetition rate of 10 kHz. The frequency chirp rate was found to increase from 7.7 to 1.0 cm<sup>-1</sup>/μs as peak injection current was increased from 7.1, to 7.8 A. We utilized the frequency chirp at laser substrate temperature of 24.0 °C to scan the 967.0 - 968.5 cm<sup>-1</sup> spectral interval containing the absorption lines of CO<sub>2</sub> and NH3. We detected ~ 0.25 ppmv of NH<sub>3</sub> in nitrogen at atmospheric pressure using a double-pass gas cell with an effective absorption path of 2.4 m. Digital filtering of the spectra was shown to be effective in eliminating a high-frequency noise. To demonstrate range-resolved capabilities of the sensor we used two retroreflectors inserted into the laser beam. A differential absorption of CO<sub>2</sub> at 967.7 cm<sup>-1</sup> was measured with the gas cell placed in one of the sections. Our experiments indicate that the frequency chirped LIDAR can be used for open path spectroscopy of NH<sub>3</sub> over the ranges up to ~ 1 km with a spatial resolution of ~ 30 m and detection limit of ~ 20 ppbv per a 30-m section.
Rapid-Cycle PCR for Detection and Typing of <i>Mycoplasma pneumoniae</i> in Clinical Specimens (2000)

We designed several new primers and modified previously described species- and type-specific primers targeting the Mycoplasma pneumoniae P1 adhesin gene. Optimized thermal profiles allowed one-step or nested PCR to be completed in less than 1 h. In 10 patients with pneumonia, M. pneumoniae type 1 was identified in 3 and type 2 in 7.
Correlation Between Chronic Treatment With Proton Pump Inhibitors and Bacterial Overgrowth in the Stomach (2014)

A significant impairment of intragastric acidity is sufficient to induce a relevant bacterial overgrowth, with particular reference to SRB and total coliforms. This fact can contribute to an increase in the risk of infections and intestinal diseases. It could be crucial to restore the physiological "gastric barrier." The 2-week supplementation with the 4 lactobacilli tested proved to be effective in significantly reducing total bacteria and coliforms in the gastric milieu in subjects chronically treated with PPIs. It is therefore possible to hopothesise a beneficial role for such lactobacilli in clinical practice.
Microprocessor controlled compliance monitor for eye drop medication (2006)

The new monitoring device demonstrated a high reliability of the collected compliance data. The important, yet often unknown, influence of compliance in patient care and clinical trials shall be illuminated by the new device. This may lead to a better adapted patient care. Studies will profit from a higher credibility and results will be less influenced by non-compliance.
Milk protein-derived peptide inhibitors of angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (2000)

Numerous casein and whey protein-derived angiotensin-I-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides/hydrolysates have been identified. Clinical trials in hypertensive animals and humans show that these peptides/hydrolysates can bring about a significant reduction in hypertension. These peptides/hydrolysates may be classified as functional food ingredients and nutraceuticals due to their ability to provide health benefits i.e. as functional food ingredients in reducing the risk of developing a disease and as nutraceuticals in the prevention/treatment of disease.
Mechanism of NKT Cell-Mediated Transplant Tolerance (2007)

The mechanism by which CD1d-restricted Valpha14 natural killer T (NKT) cells participate in transplant tolerance has yet to be completely clarified. Recently, we showed that repeated activation of NKT cells by their specific glycolipid ligand, alpha-galactosylceramide, leads to a change in function to an immune regulatory role with IL-10 production. Moreover, these cells were shown to be able to induce regulatory dendritic cells (DCs). In this study, we showed that NKT cells from transplant tolerant recipients of cardiac allograft produced higher levels of IL-10, which is required for the maintenance of tolerance; this was proved by adoptive transfer experiments. In addition, DCs from wild-type (WT) tolerant recipients but not NKT cell-deficient recipients showed a higher IL-10-producing profile, a more immature phenotype, and tolerogenic capability. CD4 T cells from WT tolerant recipients but not NKT cell-deficient recipients also produced higher levels of IL-10 upon alloantigen stimulation and showed lower proliferative activity that was reversed by blocking the IL-10 receptor. These data indicate the existence of IL-10-dependent immune regulatory interplay among NKT cells, DCs, and CD4 T cells, even in the absence of artificial stimulation of NKT cells with synthetic glicolipids, which is required for the maintenance of transplant tolerance.
A Curvature-Adaptive Implicit Surface Reconstruction for Irregularly Spaced Points (2011)

A curvature-adaptive implicit surface reconstruction for noisy and irregularly spaced points in 3D is introduced. The reconstructed surface traces the zero crossings of a signed field obtained from the sum of first-derivative anisotropic Gaussians centered at the points. The standard deviations of the anisotropic Gaussians are adapted to surface curvatures estimated from local data. A key characteristic of the formulation is its ability to smooth more along edges than across them, thereby preserving shape details while smoothing noise. The behavior of the proposed method under various density and organization of points is investigated and surface reconstruction results are compared with those obtained by well-known methods in the literature.
Least-squares Reverse-time Migration (2012)

Migration attempts to produce an image of the subsurface by reversing the propagation effects in seismic data. Although in principle this requires the inverse of a modelling operator, in practice the adjoint of the modelling operator is used instead. In cases where the data are subject to significant aliasing, truncation, noise, or are incomplete, the adjoint of a modelling operator is not a good approximation to the inverse, and this degrades the resolution of the final migrated image. An improved approximation to the inverse operator can be obtained using a least-squares approach. In this work we present a least-squares formulation of reverse-time migration scheme that is based on an explicit matrix representation of generalised diffraction-stack migration. Our implementation uses a modified source wavelet to perform the forward and inverse steps at each iteration, and is regularised using a roughness penalty constraint. The results show increased resolution compared to conventional reverse-time migration.
A Predictive Distribution Map for the Giant Tropical Ant,<i>Paraponera clavata</i> (2007)

Paraponera clavata (Fabricius 1775) (Formicidae: Paraponerinae) is a widely distributed Neotropical ant whose large size has attracted the attention of numerous collectors. Working from museum specimens, a georeferenced database of collection localities was developed. This database then served as the source for computer generated predictive distribution maps. Annual rainfall was the most important variable chosen by the computer model to predict the distribution of P. clavata, both on the scale of the neotropics and at a finer scale at the northern end its distribution in Costa Rica and Nicaragua. When the model was forced to use vegetation as the first predictive variable, the Neotropical model used temperature and rainfall variance as additional variables, while the Mesoamerican model used both climatic and soils variables. Overall, the modeling suggests that P. clavata is more sensitive to abiotic factors (rainfall, temperature, soils) than to biotic factors (vegetation type) in its distribution, although this conclusion comes with the caveat that the vegetation types used in the model are quite generalized. Predictive distribution mapping holds great promise for generating more precise representations of insect distributions, thereby allowing better tests of the extent of distribution overlaps and other community relationships.
Credit Card Fraud Detection Using Hidden Markov Model (2008)

The Internet has taken its place beside the telephone and the television as an important part of people's lives. Consumers rely on the Internet to shop, bank and invest online. Most online shoppers use credit cards to pay for their purchases. As credit card becomes the most popular mode of payment, cases of fraud associated with it are also increasing. In this paper, we model the sequence of operations in credit card transaction processing using a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) and show how it can be used for the detection of frauds. An HMM is trained with normal behavior of cardholder. If an incoming credit card transaction is not accepted by the HMM with sufficiently high probability, it is considered to be fraudulent. We present detailed experimental results to show the effectiveness of our approach.
Avascular Necrosis of the Talus Following Apparently Minor Ankle injury : A Case Report (1994)

We report a case of avascular necrosis of the talus which would appear to be related to unrecognized soft tissue damage in association with an apparently minor sprain. The presence of localized pain, with radiographic and MR image findings should alert clinicians to the potential of avascular necrosis of the talus. We emphasized that the surgical procedure may improve clinical signs, and that bone grafting of the aseptic talus should be done early before the body of the talus collapses.
Molecular and clinical correlations in fragile X syndrome (1995)

Abstract Since the advent of DNA testing after 1991, variations in molecular patterns, such as the CGG expansion length, mosaicism, partial methylation, and X‐inactivation, have been correlated with the degree of phenotypic involvement in fragile X syndrome. Although some reports conflict it appears that a low CGG repeat number within the full mutation range or lack of methylation, whether almost complete or partial, is associated with only mild involvement in males. A subgroup of individuals with the premutation may also demonstrate mild problems associated with fragile X syndrome. This article reviews preliminary studies of FMRP expression and discusses a hypothesized correlation between FMRP expression and phenotypic involvement. Molecular and clinical correlations are advancing our understanding of the mild range of phenotypic involvement in fragile X syndrome, which involves learing disabilities and emotional difficulties, but not mental retardation. © 1995 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Inkjet-Printed Zinc Tin Oxide Thin-Film Transistor (2009)

Recently, there has been considerable interest in adapting printing approaches that are typically used in the graphic arts to the printing of electronic circuits and circuit components. We report the fabrication of solution-processed oxide transistors using inkjet printing. A zinc tin oxide sol-gel precursor is utilized as the ink for directly printing a thin uniform semiconducting layer. The printed device performance is significantly influenced by printing conditions such as the surface wettability and substrate temperature. The inkjet-printed transistors exhibit reproducible electrical performance, demonstrating their potential application in low-cost manufacturing of large-area flat panel displays.
A Novel Zinc Finger cDNA with a Polymorphic Pentanucleotide Repeat (ATTTT) Maps on Human Chromosome 19p (1993)

To isolate genes that contain zinc finger motifs, a human brain cDNA library was screened with an oligonucleotide complementary to the conserved "linker" sequence between adjacent zinc fingers. The insert of one positive clone of 1226 nucleotides contained a novel open reading frame (ZNF121) with 9 zinc finger motifs; in addition, 10 repeats of the pentanucleotide sequence (ATTTT) were found 223 nucleotides after a stop codon and were followed by an Alu repeat. A sequence-tagged site of 172 nucleotides containing this repeat was defined by two oligonucleotide primers, mapped to chromosome 19 using commercially available mapping panels of hybrid cell lines, and designated D19S204. The pentanucleotide repeat was polymorphic in the members of CEPH families, with 7 alleles ranging in size from 147 to 197 nucleotides. The observed heterozygosity in unrelated CEPH parents was 58% (46 of 79). Genotypes from 34 informative CEPH families were used to perform linkage analyses with other polymorphic markers contained in the CEPH V5 database; strong linkage was found with markers on the short arm of chromosome 19. The zinc finger cDNA described here maps in an area where other zinc finger sequences and multiple cosmid clones containing zinc fingers have been previously localized. The ease of scoring these polymorphic alleles indicates that pentanucleotide repeat polymorphisms may be a particularly useful class of DNA markers for linkage studies.
The Mechanism of Formation of<i>N</i>-Formylkynurenine by Heme Dioxygenases (2011)

Heme dioxygenases catalyze the oxidation of L-tryptophan to N-formylkynurenine (NFK), the first and rate-limiting step in tryptophan catabolism. Although recent progress has been made on early stages in the mechanism, there is currently no experimental data on the mechanism of product (NFK) formation. In this work, we have used mass spectrometry to examine product formation in a number of dioxygenases. In addition to NFK formation (m/z = 237), the data identify a species (m/z = 221) that is consistent with insertion of a single atom of oxygen into the substrate during O(2)-driven turnover. The fragmentation pattern for this m/z = 221 species is consistent with a cyclic amino acetal structure; independent chemical synthesis of the 3a-hydroxypyrroloindole-2-carboxylic acid compound is in agreement with this assignment. Labeling experiments with (18)O(2) confirm the origin of the oxygen atom as arising from O(2)-dependent turnover. These data suggest that the dioxygenases use a ring-opening mechanism during NFK formation, rather than Criegee or dioxetane mechanisms as previously proposed.
[Effect of oleandomycin on the growth of the producer Streptomyces antibioticus itself and on its antibiotic synthesis]. (1986)

It was shown that addition of oleandomycin to the fermentation broth during development of Str. antibioticus inhibited the mycelium growth within the first 2 days and lowered the level of its further biosynthesis. The inhibitory effect depended on concentration of the added antibiotic and medium composition. An excess of glucose increased the inhibitory effect of oleandomycin. The antibiotic influenced both synthesis of the oleandomycin macrolide ring and methylation of the molecule.
Dexamethasone downregulates lysosomal secretion in mouse macrophages: involvement of signaling through protein kinase C. (1997)

Spectrofluorimetric methods were used to investigate the effects of dexamethasone (dex) on cytosolic and lysosomal pH and on macrophage secretion of lysosomal contents. Secretion of N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) in response to zymosan particles, lysosomotropic methylamine, or the H(+)-ATPase inhibitor bafilomycin A1 was inhibited by pretreatment with dex. The inhibition was not reversed by mannan and was seen also when secretion of preloaded fluorescein-labelled dextran was monitored, demonstrating that dex did not exert its effect by enhancing the reuptake of lysosomal enzyme. The binding of zymosan particles to macrophages was diminished after dex treatment, as was the zymosan-induced phospholipase C activation. However, the decreased binding of zymosan did not alone account for the inhibition of phospholipase C activation. Also, cytosolic pH was lowered by dex treatment. This might contribute to the inhibition of lysosomal secretion, but restoration of cytosolic pH by an increase in extracellular pH did not restore the secretory response. Lysosomal secretion induced by a combination of protein kinase C (PKC)-activating phorbol ester and methylamine was more resistant to dex than secretion induced by methylamine alone, or other secretagogues. We interpret this, together with previous data, to indicate that dex inhibits macrophage lysosomal secretion by attenuating one or more step(s) in a PKC-mediated signaling pathway necessary for the secretory response.
Myeloid Suppressor Cells and Immune Modulation in Lung Cancer (2012)

Many tumors, including lung cancers, promote immune tolerance to escape host immune surveillance and facilitate tumor growth. Tumors utilize numerous pathways to inhibit immune responses, including the elaboration of immune-suppressive mediators such as PGE2, TGF-β, IL-10, VEGF, GM-CSF, IL-6, S100A8/A9 and SCF, which recruit and/or activate myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs). MDSCs, a subset of heterogeneous bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cells, are found in the peripheral blood of cancer patients and positively correlate to malignancy. Solid tumors contain MDSCs that maintain an immune-suppressive network in the tumor microenvironment. This review will focus on the interaction of tumors with MDSCs that lead to dysregulation of antigen presentation and T-cell activities in murine tumor models. Specific genetic signatures in lung cancer modulate the activities of MDSCs and impact tumor progression. Targeting MDSCs may have a long-term antitumor benefit and is at the forefront of anticancer therapeutic strategies.
Identification of Wnt/β‐catenin signaling pathway in dermal papilla cells of human scalp hair follicles: <scp>TCF</scp>4 regulates the proliferation and secretory activity of dermal papilla cell (2013)

It is clear that the dermal papilla cell (DPC), which is located at the bottom of the hair follicle, is a special mesenchymal component, and it plays a leading role in regulating hair follicle development and periodic regeneration. Recent studies showed that the Wnt signaling pathway through β-catenin (canonical Wnt signaling pathway) is an essential component in maintaining the hair-inducing activity of the dermal papilla and growth of hair papilla cells. However, the intrinsic pathways and regulating mechanism are largely unknown. In the previous work, we constructed a cDNA subtractive library of DPC and first found that the TCF4 gene, as a key factor of Wnt signaling pathway, was expressed as the upregulated gene of the hair follicle in low-passage DPC. This study was to explore the role of TCF4 in regulating the proliferation and secretory activity of DPC. We constructed a pcDNA3.0-TCF4 expression vector and transfected it into DPC to achieve stable expression by bangosome 2000. Furthermore, we used the method of chemosynthesis to synthesize three pairs of TCF4 siRNA and transfected them into DPC. Meanwhile, we compared the transfection group and non-transfection group. We first proposed that there was expression difference in TCF4 in DPC under different biological condition. This study may have a high impact on the molecular mechanism of follicular lesions and provide a new vision for the treatment of clinic diseases.
<i>Rump white</i> inversion in the mouse disrupts dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6 and causes dysregulation of <i>Kit</i> expression (1998)

The mouse rump white (Rw) mutation causes a pigmentation defect in heterozygotes and embryonic lethality in homozygotes. At embryonic day (E) 7.5, Rw/Rw embryos are retarded in growth, fail to complete neurulation and die around E 9.5. The Rw mutation is associated with a chromosomal inversion spanning 30 cM of the proximal portion of mouse chromosome 5. The Rw embryonic lethality is complemented by the W19H deletion, which spans the distal boundary of the Rw inversion, suggesting that the Rw lethality is not caused by the disruption of a gene at the distal end of the inversion. Here, we report the molecular characterization of sequences disrupted by both inversion breakpoints. These studies indicate that the distal breakpoint of the inversion is associated with ectopic Kit expression and therefore may be responsible for the dominant pigmentation defect in Rw/+ mice; whereas the recessive lethality of Rw is probably due to the disruption of the gene encoding dipeptidyl aminopeptidase-like protein 6, Dpp6 [Wada, K., Yokotani, N., Hunter, C., Doi, K., Wenthold, R. J. & Shimasaki, S. (1992) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89, 197-201] located at the proximal inversion breakpoint.
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) MIB (2006)

objects used for managing Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) (RFC 3618) speakers.
Ascending and descending stairs for a biped robot (1999)

This paper synthesizes an efficient walking pattern for a practical biped robot when ascending and descending stairs. The main features of the biped robot include variable length legs and a translatable balance weight in the body. The biped robot's walk is a mixture of both statically stable and dynamically stable modes and relies on some degrees of static stability provided by large feet and by carefully controlling the center of gravity's position. The paper describes the design and experiment of a 7-DOF practical biped which is capable of ascending and descending stairs, and the synthesis of an efficient walking gait for ascending and descending stairs. Our biped robot is one of the few biped walking machines capable of ascending and descending stairs.
Improved Radioimmunoassay for Measurement of Mouse Thyrotropin in Serum: Strain Differences in Thyrotropin Concentration and Thyrotroph Sensitivity to Thyroid Hormone (1999)

We report an improved heterologous radioimmunoassay (RIA) for the measurement of thyrotropin (TSH) in mouse serum. The assay components are: antirat thyrotropin (rTSH) serum from the National Hormone and Pituitary Program, a commercial [125I]-labeled rTSH and mouse thyrotropin (mTSH) serum standards produced by dilution of a serum pool from hypothyroid mice with high TSH with a serum pool from mice treated with excess levothyroxine (LT4) (mTSH-0). Sensitivity was increased by reducing the amount of antibody and tracer and by taking advantage of the disequilibrium technique. Accuracy was greatly improved by the preparation of mouse serum TSH standards. TSH in serial dilutions of individual mice with high TSH of different etiologies paralleled the mTSH standard curve but not that of rTSH or a crude mouse TSH/luteinizing hormone (LH) reference preparation. The high-mTSH-serum standard contained 20 mU TSH per milliliter, measured in a bioassay utilizing a cell line stably transfected with human TSH receptor cDNA, and a relative TSH concentration of 40 ng/mL. The sensitivity of the RIA is 0.01 to 0.02 ng/mL, depending on the quality of the tracer and the preparation of mTSH-0 serum. The intra-assay and interassay coefficients of variations were, respectively: 16% and 27% at 0.04 ng/mL; 6.3% and 8.2% at 0.4 ng/mL; 5.4% and 9.8% at 1.7 ng/mL; 10% and 24% at 4.0 ng/mL. The mean TSH concentration in serum of 60-80-day-old male mice was four-fold higher than that in females of the same age. The assay was able to distinguish differences in serum TSH concentrations in five different strains of mice. Baseline serum TSH concentrations (mean +/- SD) of 70-day-old male mice were: 0.143 +/- 0.065 ng/mL in the CD-1 strain; 0.229 +/- 0.042 ng/mL in C57BL/6 mice; 0.084 +/- 0.017 ng/mL in SWR/J mice; 0.133 +/- 0.057 ng/mL in NOD SCID mice, and 0.266 +/- 0.122 ng/mL in FVB mice. Mean serum thyroxine (T4) concentrations were also significantly different among the mouse strains but did not correlate with the serum TSH level. Administration of levotriiodothyronine (LT3) suppressed the serum TSH to a greater degree in mice with higher baseline TSH values. Suppression of the thyroidal radioiodide uptake with LT3 correlated with that of serum TSH.