gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigenic properties of keratan sulfate: Influence of antigen structure, monoclonal antibodies, and antibody valency (1992)

The influence of (a) antigen structure, (b) type of monoclonal antibody, and (c) antibody bivalency on the immunochemical detection and quantification of keratan sulfate (KS) from aggrecan has been studied. Apparent KS epitope levels were determined by immunoglobulin G (IgG)-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in preparations of human aggrecan and in a defined series of lower molecular weight proteoglycan preparations generated by proteolytic and alkali treatment of aggrecan. Gel filtration chromatography showed KS epitope to be preferentially detected in the higher molecular weight fragments of the preparations. In single KS chains the epitope was detected in the chains of higher M(r). The ability of the proteoglycan to inhibit in the IgG-ELISA decreased with a reduction in proteoglycan fragment size, ranging between 6- and 260-fold, depending on the antibody used. This was considered to be a cooperative binding effect. With most antibodies, the sensitivity of the IgG-ELISA (represented by the steepness of the inhibition slope) was also reduced with smaller inhibitor sizes. The lowest limit of detectability (the amount of KS required to generate 20% inhibition) varied by up to 60-fold depending on the antibody used. The use of monovalent Fab fragments instead of the whole IgG anti-KS antibody in the ELISA showed that the bivalency of the antibody also affected the quantitation of the assay. In the Fab-ELISA the assay was found to have an increased detectability (by 9.5-fold with aggrecan as the inhibitor), and the proteoglycan fragments and aggrecan all generated parallel inhibition curves. Although the Fab-ELISA was somewhat influenced by the structural presentation of the KS, this was not apparent for small fragments and single chains. Thus the effects of cooperative binding and antibody valency could be overcome and quantitative data could be obtained for all samples, using papain-digested samples and the Fab-ELISA. Application of this assay to analysis of body fluids showed the KS-containing fragments in synovial fluid, serum, and urine were of different sizes and could be quantified.
Establishing Sphagnum cultures on bog grassland, cut-over bogs, and floating mats: procedures, costs and area potential in Germany (2017)

Sphagnum biomass is valued as a high-quality constituent of horticultural growing media. The cultivation of Sphagnum (peatmoss) was tested successfully on peat soil and on artificial mats floating on acidic water bodies. But whether Sphagnum farming is economically feasible is unclear. Drawing on experience gained during four research projects in Germany we compared the procedures, costs and area potential for establishing large-scale Sphagnum cultures. Establishment costs were clearly lower for soil-based cultivation (€8.35 m-2 to €12.80 m 2) than for water-based cultivation (€17.34 m-2 to €21.43 m-2). Relating costs to the predicted dry mass yield over the total cultivation time resulted in values of €1,723 t-1 on cut-over bog, €2,646 t-1 on former bog grassland, €9,625 t-1 on floating mats without pre-cultivation and €11,833 t-1 on pre-cultivated Sphagnum mats. The high production costs of the mats (without pre-cultivation 54 % and with pre-cultivation 63 % of total costs) resulted in the highest overall costs. In the case of soil-based Sphagnum cultures, the costs of purchasing Sphagnum diaspores were most influential (on bog grassland 46 % and on cut-over bog 71 % of total costs). The lowest costs relate to cut-over bog because of the smaller effort required for site preparation compared to taking off the topsoil of former bog grassland and the limited costs for the assumed irrigation system. In the case of former bog grassland, the high investment costs for the project-specific automatic water management boosted the establishment costs. Taking into account potential savings on the irrigation system and the high area potential, bog grassland emerges as the most promising land category for Sphagnum farming in Germany.
UNTERSUCHUNG DER KRÖTENGALLE (1955)

UNTERSUCHUNG DER KRÖTENGALLE: VIII. ÜBER DIE REDUKTIONSPRODUKTE VON VERSCHIEDENEN GALLENSÄUREN UND STEROGALLENSÄUREN MITTELST NATRIUMÄTHYLAT KENZI VON MATUMOTO KENZI VON MATUMOTO Aus dem Biochemischen Institut der medizinischen Fakultät zu Okayama Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Biochemistry, Volume 42, Issue 2, March 1955, Pages 207–215, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a126523 Published: 01 March 1955 Article history Received: 25 January 1955 Published: 01 March 1955
Results for repair of 28 cases of endocardial cushion defects combined with double-orifice mitral valve (2010)

Objective To review the surgical results of 28 cases of endecardial cushion defect combined with double-ori-rice mitral valve. Methods Of 860 consecutive patients with endocardial cushion defect, double-orifice mitral valve was iden-tiffed in 28 patients (3.26% ) form October 1996 to November 2007. Intracardiac deformities were corrected simultaneously during the operation. Preoperative mitral valve function, surgical procedures and incidence of pestoperative mitral valve dys-function were reviewed and compared between patients with total endecardial cushion defect ( group Ⅰ, n = 11 ) and partial en-docardial cushion defect ( group Ⅱ, n = 17). Results There were 4 operative deaths in group Ⅰ caused by severe pulmonary inflammation in 3 cases and low cardiac output in 1 case. Two cases were identified as severe mitral valve dysfunction or steao-sis in reoperaticu or autopsy. There was no later death. Mitral valve function is not eatisfactory in group Ⅱ as compared with group Ⅰ in 3 to 89 months of follow-up( averaging 33 months). Conclusion Double-orifice mitral valve is a high risk factor for operative death in total endocardial cushion defect and the longer term results of partial endocardial cushion defect combined with double-orifice mitral valve is not satisfactory.

Key words: 
Endocardial cushion defects; Cardiac surgical procedures; Double-orifice mitral valve
THERMOELECTRIC NUCLEAR FUEL ELEMENT. Second Quarterly Progress Report (1959)

Samples of the following thermoelectric materials were prepared for irradiation studies during this report period: Li/sub 0.0//sub 5/ Ni/sub 0.9//sub 5/O, GeTe, Bi/sub 0./ >i/sub 05/ Ge/sub 0.9//sub 5/ Te, La/sub 0.1/Ba/sub 0.9/TiO/ sub 3/, Na/sub 0.0//sub 5/U/sub 0./ /sub 95/O/sub 2/, ZnSb, and CeSe/sub x/. In- pile measurements of ihe Seebeck coefficient and electrical resistivity were made on the following materials: Li/sub 0.0//sub 5/Ni/sub 0.9//sub 5/O (at approximately 450 deg C), GeTe (reactor a mbient approximately 200 deg C and at approximately 450 deg C), PbTe (at approximately 500 deg C), and Bi/sub 2/Te/sub 3/ (reactor ambient approximately 200 deg C). Pre- and post-irradiation experiments have been performed on the following thermoelectric materials: La/sub 0.1/Ba/sub 0.9/TiO/sub 3/, Bi/sub 0.0//sub 5/ Ge/sub 0.9//sub 5/Te, Na/sub 0.0// sub 5/U/sub 0.9//sub 5/a/sub 0./ /sub 05/./sub >5/O/sub 2/, GeTe, PbTe, and ZnSb. With the exception of the PbTe and ZnSb, the above materials have been returned from Brookhaven National Laboratory and post-irradiation measurements are presently being conducted. The results of the irradiation experiments on thermoelectric materials to date indicate that annealing of irradiation damage does occur. Currently planned experiments in a higher flux reactor (10/sup 14/ nv) will determine the extent of radiationmore » damage io the thermoelectric properties and the effect of annealing on the damage. These results should yield important information on the feasibility of thermoelectric direct-conversion reactor. (auth)« less
&#x010C;erenkov radiation in optical fibres (2006)

Theoretical predictions that the angular variation of Cerenkov radiation transmitted along optical fibres depends only on Deltan and that the peak intensity is proportional to the cube of the fibre core radius are experimentally verified.
A WWW browser using speech recognition and its evaluation (1998)

We developed the Japanese speech-aware multimedia (JAM) that controls a world wide web (WWW) browser using speech. This system allows the user to browse a linked page by reading the anchor text within a web page. The user can also control the browser using speech. The system integrates new vocabulary each time a new web page is read by extracting the anchor text, converting this text to phonetic string notation, creating a new speech recognition grammar, and integrating this grammar with the system dynamically. During this anchor text-to-phone conversion process, we employ numerous exception handling techniques to accommodate counters, dates, and many other phenomena. Preliminary tests show that the conversion results contain the correct phone sequences over 97% of the time. We also allowed limited English speech recognition since a large percentage of the Japanese web pages include some English text in anchors. User tests showed that the prototype correctly understands input speech 91.5% of the time, or 94.1% if we exclude user errors caused by unfamiliarity with the system, including erroneous readings or speech detection errors. © 1998 Scripta Technica, Syst Comp Jpn, 29(10): 57–67, 1998
The motion of long slender bodies in a viscous fluid. Part 2. Shear flow (1971)

A long slender axisymmetric body is considered placed at rest in a general linear flow in such a manner that the undisturbed fluid velocity is identically zero on the body axis. Formulae for the total force and torque on the body are found as an expansion in terms of a small parameter κ defined as the radius-to-length ratio of the body. These general results are used to determine the resistance to axial rotation of the body and also the equivalent axis ratio of the body for motion in a shear flow.
A Novel Access to Phenylnickel‐phosphinophenolate Trimethylphosphine Complexes as Single Component Oligo‐ or Polymerization Catalysts (2004)

Abstract A novel access to phenylnickel‐2‐phosphinophenolate trimethylphosphine complexes, which unlike the “P‐ylide method” is not limited to P‐arylphosphino derivatives, consists of the reaction of 2‐phosphinophenols and diphenylnickel‐bis(trimethylphosphine), easily prepared from phenyllithium and NiCl 2 (PMe 3 ) 2 . [PhNi(2‐Ph 2 PC 6 H 4 O)(PMe 3 )], [PhNi(2‐ c Hex 2 PC 6 H 4 O)(PMe 3 )] and [PhNi(2‐Ph 2 P‐4‐MeOC 6 H 3 O)(PMe 3 )], the latter two with more basic dialkylphosphino or 4‐methoxy substituents, were synthesized and tested in the oligomerization of ethylene. The molecular structure of [PhNi(2‐ c Hex 2 PC 6 H 4 O)(PMe 3 )] in the crystal is reported.
An adjunct tracking system for low altitude sector aircraft (1994)

This paper advances the concept of using slightly modified commercial ground broadcast TV signals to aid in tracking aircraft at low attitude near major airports. The modification of the TV signal is not major and will not affect normal TV operation. The resulting system should be of utility in augmenting air traffic control and could provide an important dual service role for commercial TV ground broadcast.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Feline Gastrointestinal Lymphoma (2011)

Gastrointestinal lymphomas were identified in 120 cats between 1995 and 2006. Lymphomas were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) scheme. Cats with mucosal T-cell lymphoma (n = 84) predominated and had a median survival of 29 months. Mucosal T-cell lymphoma matched WHO enteropathy-associated T-cell lymphoma (EATCL) type II. Epitheliotropic T-cell infiltrates were present in 62% of cats and occurred as clusters or diffuse infiltrates of small to intermediate-sized T cells in villous and/or crypt epithelium. Similar lymphocytes infiltrated the lamina propria in distinctive patterns. Cats with transmural T-cell lymphoma (n = 19) had a median survival of 1.5 months. Transmural T-cell lymphoma matched WHO EATCL type I. Epitheliotropic T-cell infiltrates were present in 58% of cats. Large lymphocytes (n = 11), mostly with cytoplasmic granules (LGL-granzyme B+) (n = 9) predominated. Transmural extension across the muscularis propria characterized the lesion. Both mucosal and transmural T-cell lymphomas were largely confined to the small intestine, and molecular clonality analysis revealed clonal or oligoclonal rearrangements of T-cell receptor-γ in 90% of cats. Cats with B-cell lymphoma (n = 19) had a median survival of 3.5 months. B-cell lymphomas occurred as transmural lesions in stomach, jejunum, and ileo-cecal-colic junction. The majority were diffuse, large B-cell lymphomas of centroblastic type. In conclusion, T-cell lymphomas characterized by distinctive mucosal architecture, CD3 expression, and clonal expansion predominated in the feline gastrointestinal tract.
<i>Helicobacter pylori</i> infection is associated with colon adenomatous polyps detected by high‐resolution colonoscopy (2005)

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is associated with the development of cancer in the stomach, but both positive and negative associations were reported with colorectal neoplasia. We sought to determine whether H. pylori is associated with colon neoplasia in Japanese population. We examined 332 patients who underwent routine high-resolution total colonoscopy and serologic testing for IgG antibodies agonist H. pylori. Subjects who received cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors or previous eradication therapy and those with borderline titer levels were excluded from data analysis (n = 27). Seronegative control subjects were from the same study population to maximize the representativeness. There were no significant differences in age and gender between the 2 patient groups. A significant increase in the incidence of adenomatous polyps (p < 0.0001) and decrease in normal colonoscopic findings (p < 0.0005) were observed in seropositive patients than those seronegative. Our study indicates an etiological link of H. pylori infection to colorectal neoplasia and the need of routine colonoscopy in seropositive patients.
Cleavage of cyclic ethers by magnesium bromide-acetic anhydride. SN2 substitution at a secondary site (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCleavage of cyclic ethers by magnesium bromide-acetic anhydride. SN2 substitution at a secondary siteDavid J. Goldsmith, Eleanor Kennedy, and R. Gillis CampbellCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1975, 40, 24, 3571–3574Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00912a022https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00912a022research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views947Altmetric-Citations73LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Factors Influencing the Antioxidant and Pro-Oxidant Activity of Polyphenols in Oil-in-Water Emulsions (2012)

The nonenzymatic oxidation of polyphenols bearing di- and trihydroxyphenol groups results in the generation of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), a reactive oxygen species that can potentially compromise the oxidative stability of foods and beverages. An investigation of the factors that promote the oxidation of a model polyphenol, (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), was undertaken in a model lipid-based food system. Factors affecting oxidative stability, such as exogenous iron chelators (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; EDTA and 2,2-bipyridine; BPY) and pH (3 and 7) were evaluated in hexadecane and flaxseed oil-in-water (o/w) emulsions. At neutral pH, H₂O₂ levels were observed to rise rapidly in hexadecane emulsions except for EDTA-containing treatments. However, EDTA-containing samples showed the highest rate of EGCG oxidation, suggesting that H₂O₂ was rapidly reduced to hydroxyl radicals (HO•). Conversely, at pH 3, H₂O₂ concentrations were lower across all treatments. EDTA conferred the highest degree of EGCG stability, with no loss of the catechin over the course of the study. In order to assess whether or not the H₂O₂ production seen in oxidatively stable hexadecane emulsions translated to pro-oxidant activity in an oxidatively labile food lipid system, the effect of EGCG on the stability of flaxseed o/w emulsions was studied. EGCG displayed antioxidant activity at pH 7 throughout the study; however at pH 3, pro-oxidant activity was seen in EGCG-containing emulsions, with and without BPY. This study attempts to provide a mechanistic understanding of the conditions wherein polyphenols simultaneously exert pro-oxidant and antioxidant behavior in lipid dispersions.
A time domain binaural model based on spatial feature extraction for the head-related transfer function (1997)

A complex-valued head-related transfer function (HRTF) can be represented as a real-valued head-related impulse response (HRIR). The interaural time and level cues of HRIRs are extracted to derive the binaural model and also to normalize each measured HRIR. Using the Karhunen-Loeve expansion, normalized HRIRs are modeled as a weighted combination of a set of basis functions in a low-dimensional subspace. The basis functions and the space samples of the weights are obtained from the measured HRIR. A simple linear interpolation algorithm is employed to obtain the modeled binaural HRIRs. The modeled HRIRs are nearly identical to the measured HRIRs from an anesthetized live cat. Typical mean-square errors and cross-correlation coefficients between the 1816 measured and modeled HRIRs are 1% and 0.99, respectively. The real-valued operations and linear interpolating in the model are very effective for speeding up the model computation in real-time implementation. This approach has made it possible to simulate real free-field signals at the two eardrums of a cat via earphones and to study the neuronal responses to such a virtual acoustic space (VAR).
나타난 상징성과 힘 (2014)

광고는 20세기에 있어서 가장 위대한 예술 형식이다. 달리 말하면, 우리가 텔레비전, 영화, 그리고 잡지 등과 같은 시각적 문화속에서 살고 있다는 의미이다. 이러한 시각적 문화는 알게 모르게 우리의 삶과 세계관을 형성하는데 영향을 끼치고 있다. 제품만 언급해도 우리는 그 제품의 로고를 머리에 떠 올리게 될 정도다. 로고는 단순히 제품의 상표가 아니고 문화적 상징성을 띄고 있다. 이것을 우리는 ‘로고의 힘’이라 부른다. 로고라는 용어는 20세기에 들어와서 사용된 것으로 제품을 만드는 제작가가 제품을 표현하기 위한 수단으로 사용되었다. 그러나 우리 시대에서의 로고는 단순히 제품의 특징만을 전달하던 이전의 상표보단 훨씬 더 복잡한 의미를 지니고 있다. 많은 로고에는 원형적 속성이 담겨져 있다. 애플사의 로고가 대표적인 로고이다. 로고는 마케팅 전략으로 아주 효과가 있다. 그러나 이러한 로고는 광고인들만 사용하는 것이 아니라 정치가나 비영리 사업체들도 사용하고 있다. 상형문자를 이용한 로고는 신화적 또는 신비적인 상징성을 나타내기도 한다. 이러한 신비적 힘에 의해 로고의 힘이 우리에게 계속 작용하는 것이다. 로고는 우리의 소비활동에 주요한 종교적 또는 신성한 역할을 하고 있다.
Changes in peripheral serum levels of total activin A during the human menstrual cycle and pregnancy. (1996)

The main objective of this study was to determine whether activin A concentrations in peripheral blood fluctuate during the normal human menstrual cycle and pregnancy. Blood samples were collected longitudinally from five regularly cycling volunteers (22-30 yr) throughout a spontaneous menstrual cycle and cross-sectionally from normal pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic (8-38 weeks gestation: 3-20 subjects/time point). Total (i.e. bound plus free) activin A concentrations were measured using a recently developed two-site enzyme immunoassay that employs an analyte denaturation/oxidation step to eliminate interference due to endogenous activin-binding proteins. During the menstrual cycle, mean serum activin A levels varied in a biphasic manner (by ANOVA, P = 0.02), with highest levels around midcycle (approximately 220 pg/mL) and the late luteal/early follicular phase (approximately 310 pg/mL) and nadirs in both midfollicular (approximately 125 pg/mL) and midluteal (approximately 120 pg/mL) phases. Between the mid- to late luteal phase, the activin A level increased progressively (approximately 2.5-fold; P < 0.05), whereas inhibin A, estradiol, and progesterone all decreased progressively (approximately 10-fold; P < 0.001). During pregnancy, serum activin A levels were much higher than those in nonpregnant subjects, with a value of 2.12 +/- 0.31 ng/mL recorded in week 8. Levels remained at approximately 2 ng/mL between weeks 8-24, but increased thereafter to reach 25.5 +/- 6 ng/mL by week 38, a value approximately 100 times greater than that during the normal menstrual cycle. Serum activin A levels during pregnancy were significantly correlated with inhibin A (r = 0.69; P < 0.001), estradiol (r = 0.55; P < 0.001), and progesterone (r = 0.74; P < 0.001) values. Gel permeation chromatography indicated that all of the detectable activin A in human follicular fluid, pregnancy serum, and term placental extract eluted with an apparent molecular mass between 70-200 kDa, indicating that little, if any, free activin (molecular mass, 25 kDa) is present in these samples. Although these results support a possible endocrine role for circulating activin A during the human menstrual cycle and pregnancy, the observation that all detectable activin A is associated with binding protein(s) raises questions about its relative bioavailability for action on peripheral target cells.
An Automated Technique for Measuring Transmitted Frame Rate (TFR) and Average Frame Rate (AFR) (1992)

The motion difference images of the original and degraded video sequences is used to dynamically measure the Transmitted Frame Rate (TFR) and the Average Frame Rate (AFR) of a digital video system codec (coder-decoder). The TFR measurement algorithm gives the TFR spectrum, so that in cases where the TFR is adaptive, each TFR being used by the codec is obtained. The AFR measurement algorithm gives the average number of frames per second that were transmitted by the codec during a selected time interval. The TFR and AFR measurements presented here can be used for in-service as well as out-of-service testing of digital video systems.