gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ellipsometric study of the physical states of phosphatidylcholines at the air-water interface (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEllipsometric study of the physical states of phosphatidylcholines at the air-water interfaceDaniel. Ducharme, Jean Joseph. Max, Christian. Salesse, and Roger M. LeblancCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1990, 94, 5, 1925–1932Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100368a038https://doi.org/10.1021/j100368a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views293Altmetric-Citations105LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Lifetimes and substrate currents in static and dynamic hot-carrier degradation (1986)

Device lifetimes are correlated with substrate currents for n-MOSFETs after static and dynamic stress. Good agreement between a simple theory and the experimental results is found in both static and dynamic cases. However, the damage is larger for dynamic than for static stress which requires a modification of duty cycle calculations. The results are explained by a model in which chargaable traps in the oxide close to the interface are important. These can modify the injection of holes into the oxide depending on stress time structure and potential conditions.
Floodgate (2011)

With the prevalence of multi- and many-core architecture, network-on-chip (NoC) is becoming the main paradigm for on-chip interconnection. However, the performance of NoCs can be degraded significantly if the network flow is not controlled properly. Most previous solutions have tried to detect network congestion by monitoring the hardware status of the network switches or links. Unfortunately, such strategies rely on the backpressure of the traffic flows for congestion detection and may be too slow to respond. This paper proposes a proactive strategy which predicts the global, end-to-end traffic patterns of the running application and takes preventive flow control actions to avoid congestions. The proposed system entails an application-level prediction table for accurate traffic prediction and a packet injection scheduler for congestion avoidance. The proposed scheme is evaluated by a trace-driven simulator with synthetic traffic traces as well as a real application trace of an instance in the SPLASH-2 benchmark. The results show the superior performance of the proposed scheme with negligible execution overhead.
Soft Interaction in Liposome Nanocarriers for Therapeutic Drug Delivery (2016)

The development of smart nanocarriers for the delivery of therapeutic drugs has experienced considerable expansion in recent decades, with the development of new medicines devoted to cancer treatment. In this respect a wide range of strategies can be developed by employing liposome nanocarriers with desired physico-chemical properties that, by exploiting a combination of a number of suitable soft interactions, can facilitate the transit through the biological barriers from the point of administration up to the site of drug action. As a result, the materials engineer has generated through the bottom up approach a variety of supramolecular nanocarriers for the encapsulation and controlled delivery of therapeutics which have revealed beneficial developments for stabilizing drug compounds, overcoming impediments to cellular and tissue uptake, and improving biodistribution of therapeutic compounds to target sites. Herein we present recent advances in liposome drug delivery by analyzing the main structural features of liposome nanocarriers which strongly influence their interaction in solution. More specifically, we will focus on the analysis of the relevant soft interactions involved in drug delivery processes which are responsible of main behaviour of soft nanocarriers in complex physiological fluids. Investigation of the interaction between liposomes at the molecular level can be considered an important platform for the modeling of the molecular recognition processes occurring between cells. Some relevant strategies to overcome the biological barriers during the drug delivery of the nanocarriers are presented which outline the main structure-properties relationships as well as their advantages (and drawbacks) in therapeutic and biomedical applications.
Discrete Intensity Jumps and Intramolecular Electronic Energy Transfer in the Spectroscopy of Single Conjugated Polymer Molecules (1997)

Single - molecule fluorescence spectroscopy of a multichromophoric conjugated polymer (molecular weight ∼20,000) revealed surprising single-step photobleaching kinetics and acute jumps in fluorescence intensity. These jumps were shown not to result from spectral diffusion and were attributed to fluctuations in the quantum yield of emission for the molecules. The data indicate efficient intramolecular electronic energy transfer along the polymer chain to a localized fluorescence-quenching polymer defect. The defects are created by reversible photochemistry of the polymer. These findings have implications for the use of conjugated polymers in light-emitting diode displays and sensors.
Thermal enhancement of surface mount electronic packages with heat sinks (2002)

Surface mount plastic packages are a cost effective way to package integrated circuit chips. However, plastics have poor thermal conductivity and therefore, plastic packages are not suitable for packaging high powered chips. Recently several variations of surface mount plastic packages have been developed for improving the thermal performance. These various techniques for improving the thermal performance can be broadly classified into two categories: internal enhancement of the package and external enhancement. For internal enhancement, high conductivity materials are used to improve heat spreading within the package. Examples of such enhancement include plastic packages with molded and exposed heat spreaders, packages made from metals like aluminium, and ceramic packages. For external enhancement, the thermal performance is improved by attaching a suitable heat sink to the package. This paper discusses the thermal performance of the various surface mount packages with and without heat sinks. It is shown that with a suitable heat sink, the thermal performance of a plastic package is similar to that of a metal or a plastic package with exposed heat spreader. In terms of cost, heat sink attachment offers the most cost effective way of improving the thermal performance of the plastic package, provided there is some space available for the heat sink.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Structured ASIC, evolution or revolution? (2004)

This paper describes the structured ASIC technology and impacts to the implementation flow. With an optimized and programmable structure, the structured ASIC technology indeed introduces a dramatically reduce ASIC cost and manufacturing turn-around time. While, the structured ASIC implementation flow is more complex than the conventional cell-based flow. There would be slightly impacts to structured ASIC implementation problems. Finally, the structured ASIC solutions provided by Faraday would be given. There are 3 structured ASIC solutions for customers' different applications. The three solutions are MPCA (Metal programmable Cell Array), MPIO (Metal Programmable I/O), and the structured ASIC platform. With the most competitive architecture, our customers can implement their ASIC at a lower cost with a faster turn-around-time.
Resistive Switching in $\hbox{CeO}_{x}$ Films for Nonvolatile Memory Application (2009)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{Al}/\hbox{CeO}_{x}/\hbox{Pt}$</tex></formula> devices with nonstoichiometric <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{CeO}_{x}\ (\hbox{1.5} ≪ x ≪ \hbox{2})$</tex> </formula> films were fabricated. The unique resistive switching (RS) behaviors for resistive random access memory applications, including stable and sharp bipolar RS processes and a multilevel and self-stop set process without current compliance and without excessive requirement on a high-voltage electroforming process, were demonstrated. A multifilament switching model based on the distribution characteristics of oxygen vacancies in <formula formulatype="inline"><tex Notation="TeX">$\hbox{CeO}_{x}$</tex></formula> films is proposed to explain the observed RS behaviors. </para>
In vivo ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography of mouse colon with an achromatized endoscope (2006)

Endoscopic ultrahigh-resolution optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables collection of minimally invasive cross-sectional images in vivo, which may be used to facilitate rapid development of reliable mouse models of colon disease as well as assess chemopreventive and therapeutic agents. The small physical scale of mouse colon makes light penetration less problematic than in other tissues and high resolution acutely necessary. In our 2-mm diameter endoscopic time domain OCT system, isotropic ultrahigh-resolution is supported by a center wavelength of 800 nm and full-width-at-half-maximum bandwidth of 150 nm (mode-locked titanium:sapphire laser) combined with 1:1 conjugate imaging of a small core fiber. A pair of KZFSN5/SFPL53 doublets provides excellent color correction to support wide bandwidth throughout the imaging depth. A slight deviation from normal beam exit angle suppresses collection of the strong back reflection at the exit window surface. Our system achieves axial resolution of 3.2 microm in air and 4.4-microm lateral spot diameter with 101-dB sensitivity. Microscopic features too small to see in mouse tissue with conventional resolution systems, including colonic crypts, are clearly resolved. Resolution near the cellular level is potentially capable of identifying abnormal crypt formation and dysplastic cellular organization.
Silent Mischief: Bacteriophage Mu Insertions Contaminate Products of <i>Escherichia coli</i> Random Mutagenesis Performed Using Suicidal Transposon Delivery Plasmids Mobilized by Broad-Host-Range RP4 Conjugative Machinery (2010)

Random transposon mutagenesis is the strategy of choice for associating a phenotype with its unknown genetic determinants. It is generally performed by mobilization of a conditionally replicating vector delivering transposons to recipient cells using broad-host-range RP4 conjugative machinery carried by the donor strain. In the present study, we demonstrate that bacteriophage Mu, which was deliberately introduced during the original construction of the widely used donor strains SM10 λpir and S17-1 λpir, is silently transferred to Escherichia coli recipient cells at high frequency, both by hfr and by release of Mu particles by the donor strain. Our findings suggest that bacteriophage Mu could have contaminated many random-mutagenesis experiments performed on Mu-sensitive species with these popular donor strains, leading to potential misinterpretation of the transposon mutant phenotype and therefore perturbing analysis of mutant screens. To circumvent this problem, we precisely mapped Mu insertions in SM10 λpir and S17-1 λpir and constructed a new Mu-free donor strain, MFDpir, harboring stable hfr-deficient RP4 conjugative functions and sustaining replication of Π-dependent suicide vectors. This strain can therefore be used with most of the available transposon-delivering plasmids and should enable more efficient and easy-to-analyze mutant hunts in E. coli and other Mu-sensitive RP4 host bacteria.
Cocatalysts in Semiconductor‐based Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> Reduction: Achievements, Challenges, and Opportunities (2018)

Ever-increasing fossil-fuel combustion along with massive CO<sub>2</sub> emissions has aroused a global energy crisis and climate change. Photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction represents a promising strategy for clean, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly conversion of CO<sub>2</sub> into hydrocarbon fuels by utilizing solar energy. This strategy combines the reductive half-reaction of CO<sub>2</sub> conversion with an oxidative half reaction, e.g., H<sub>2</sub> O oxidation, to create a carbon-neutral cycle, presenting a viable solution to global energy and environmental problems. There are three pivotal processes in photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion: (i) solar-light absorption, (ii) charge separation/migration, and (iii) catalytic CO<sub>2</sub> reduction and H<sub>2</sub> O oxidation. While significant progress is made in optimizing the first two processes, much less research is conducted toward enhancing the efficiency of the third step, which requires the presence of cocatalysts. In general, cocatalysts play four important roles: (i) boosting charge separation/transfer, (ii) improving the activity and selectivity of CO<sub>2</sub> reduction, (iii) enhancing the stability of photocatalysts, and (iv) suppressing side or back reactions. Herein, for the first time, all the developed CO<sub>2</sub> -reduction cocatalysts for semiconductor-based photocatalytic CO<sub>2</sub> conversion are summarized, and their functions and mechanisms are discussed. Finally, perspectives in this emerging area are provided.
<i>Shewanella oneidensis</i> MR-1 Uses Overlapping Pathways for Iron Reduction at a Distance and by Direct Contact under Conditions Relevant for Biofilms (2005)

We developed a new method to measure iron reduction at a distance based on depositing Fe(III) (hydr)oxide within nanoporous glass beads. In this "Fe-bead" system, Shewanella oneidensis reduces at least 86.5% of the iron in the absence of direct contact. Biofilm formation accompanies Fe-bead reduction and is observable both macro- and microscopically. Fe-bead reduction is catalyzed by live cells adapted to anaerobic conditions, and maximal reduction rates require sustained protein synthesis. The amount of reactive ferric iron in the Fe-bead system is available in excess such that the rate of Fe-bead reduction is directly proportional to cell density; i.e., it is diffusion limited. Addition of either lysates prepared from anaerobic cells or exogenous electron shuttles stimulates Fe-bead reduction by S. oneidensis, but iron chelators or additional Fe(II) do not. Neither dissolved Fe(III) nor electron shuttling activity was detected in culture supernatants, implying that the mediator is retained within the biofilm matrix. Strains with mutations in omcB or mtrB show about 50% of the wild-type levels of reduction, while a cymA mutant shows less than 20% of the wild-type levels of reduction and a menF mutant shows insignificant reduction. The Fe-bead reduction defect of the menF mutant can be restored by addition of menaquinone, but menaquinone itself cannot stimulate Fe-bead reduction. Because the menF gene encodes the first committed step of menaquinone biosynthesis, no intermediates of the menaquinone biosynthetic pathway are used as diffusible mediators by this organism to promote iron reduction at a distance. CymA and menaquinone are required for both direct and indirect mineral reduction, whereas MtrB and OmcB contribute to but are not absolutely required for iron reduction at a distance.
The Coefficient of Isothermal Compressibility of Black Oils at Pressures Below the Bubblepoint (1988)

Summary Values of oil compressibility are required in all solutions of transient fluid-flow problems. Oil compressibility can be calculated directly if reservoir-fluid studies are available. In this paper, empirical equations are presented to provide accurate estimates of the compressibility of black oil at pressures below the bubblepoint when laboratory measurements are not available. The equations were developed with data from reservoir-fluid studies of 260 oil fields worldwide. The data encompassed a wide range of oil compressibilities, surface-gas specific gravities, stock-tank oil gravities, solution GOR's, reservoir pressures, reservoir temperatures, and bubblepoint pressures
Error-tolerant Finite-state Recognition with Applications to Morphological Analysis and Spelling Correction (2018)

This paper presents the notion of error-tolerant recognition with finite-state recognizers along with results from some applications. Error-tolerant recognition enables the recognition of strings that deviate mildly from any string in the regular set recognized by the underlying finite-state recognizer. Such recognition has applications to error-tolerant morphological processing, spelling correction, and approximate string matching in information retrieval. After a description of the concepts and algorithms involved, we give examples from two applications: in the context of morphological analysis, error-tolerant recognition allows misspelled input word forms to be corrected and morphologically analyzed concurrently. We present an application of this to error-tolerant analysis of the agglutinative morphology of Turkish words. The algorithm can be applied to morphological analysis of any language whose morphology has been fully captured by a single (and possibly very large) finite-state transducer, regardless of the word formation processes and morphographemic phenomena involved. In the context of spelling correction, error-tolerant recognition can be used to enumerate candidate correct forms from a given misspelled string within a certain edit distance. Error-tolerant recognition can be applied to spelling correction for any language, if (a) it has a word list comprising all inflected forms, or (b) its morphology has been fully described by a finite-state transducer. We present experimental results for spelling correction for a number of languages. These results indicate that such recognition works very efficiently for candidate generation in spelling correction for many European languages (English, Dutch, French, German, and Italian, among others) with very large word lists of root and inflected forms (some containing well over 200,000 forms), generating all candidate solutions within 10 to 45 milliseconds (with an edit distance of 1) on a SPARCStation 10/41. For spelling correction in Turkish, error-tolerant recognition operating with a (circular) recognizer of Turkish words (with about 29,000 states and 119,000 transitions) can generate all candidate words in less than 20 milliseconds, with an edit distance of 1.<br>
Synergistic Multiresidue Substitutions of a Macrocyclic c[Pro-Arg-Phe-Phe-Asn-Ala-Phe-<scp>d</scp>Pro] Agouti-Related Protein (AGRP) Scaffold Yield Potent and >600-Fold MC4R versus MC3R Selective Melanocortin Receptor Antagonists (2018)

Antagonist ligands of the melanocortin-3 and -4 receptors (MC3R, MC4R), including agouti-related protein (AGRP), are postulated to be targets for the treatment of diseases of negative energy balance. Previous studies reported the macrocyclic MC3R/MC4R antagonist c[Pro<sup>1</sup>-Arg<sup>2</sup>-Phe<sup>3</sup>-Phe<sup>4</sup>-Asn<sup>5</sup>-Ala<sup>6</sup>-Phe<sup>7</sup>-dPro<sup>8</sup>], which is 250-fold less potent at the mouse (m) mMC3R and 3-fold less potent at the mMC4R than AGRP. Previous studies explored the structure-activity relationships around individual positions in this template. Herein, a multiresidue substitution strategy is utilized, combining the lead sequence with hPhe<sup>4</sup>, Dap<sup>5</sup>, Arg<sup>5</sup>, Ser<sup>6</sup>, and Nle<sup>7</sup> substitutions previously reported. Two compounds from this study (16, 20) contain an hPhe<sup>4</sup>/Ser<sup>6</sup>/Nle<sup>7</sup> substitution pattern, are 3-6-fold more potent than AGRP at the mMC4R and are 600-800-fold selective for the mMC4R over the mMC3R. Another lead compound (21), possessing the hPhe<sup>4</sup>/Arg<sup>5</sup> substitutions, is only 5-fold less potent than AGRP at the mMC3R and is equipotent to AGRP at the mMC4R.
Urban Air Pollution Monitoring System With Forecasting Models (2016)

A system for monitoring and forecasting urban air pollution is presented in this paper. The system uses low-cost air-quality monitoring motes that are equipped with an array of gaseous and meteorological sensors. These motes wirelessly communicate to an intelligent sensing platform that consists of several modules. The modules are responsible for receiving and storing the data, preprocessing and converting the data into useful information, forecasting the pollutants based on historical information, and finally presenting the acquired information through different channels, such as mobile application, Web portal, and short message service. The focus of this paper is on the monitoring system and its forecasting module. Three machine learning (ML) algorithms are investigated to build accurate forecasting models for one-step and multi-step ahead of concentrations of ground-level ozone (O <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> ), nitrogen dioxide (NO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ), and sulfur dioxide (SO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> ). These ML algorithms are support vector machines, M5P model trees, and artificial neural networks (ANN). Two types of modeling are pursued: 1) univariate and 2) multivariate. The performance evaluation measures used are prediction trend accuracy and root mean square error (RMSE). The results show that using different features in multivariate modeling with M5P algorithm yields the best forecasting performances. For example, using M5P, RMSE is at its lowest, reaching 31.4, when hydrogen sulfide (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> S) is used to predict SO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> . Contrarily, the worst performance, i.e., RMSE of 62.4, for SO <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> is when using ANN in univariate modeling. The outcome of this paper can be significantly useful for alarming applications in areas with high air pollution levels.