gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Postconditioning for salvage of ischemic skeletal muscle from reperfusion injury: efficacy and mechanism (2008)

We tested our hypothesis that postischemic conditioning (PostC) is effective in salvage of ischemic skeletal muscle from reperfusion injury and the mechanism involves inhibition of opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (mPTP). In bilateral 8x13 cm pig latissimus dorsi muscle flaps subjected to 4 h ischemia, muscle infarction increased from 22+/-4 to 41+/-1% between 2 and 24 h reperfusion and remained unchanged at 48 (38+/-6%) and 72 (40+/-1%) h reperfusion (P<0.05; n=4 pigs). PostC induced by four cycles of 30-s reperfusion/reocclusion at the onset of reperfusion after 4 h ischemia reduced muscle infarction from 44+/-2 to 22+/-2% at 48 h reperfusion. This infarct protective effect of PostC was mimicked by intravenous injection of the mPTP opening inhibitor cyclosporin A or NIM-811 (10 mg/kg) at 5 min before the end of 4 h ischemia and was abolished by intravenous injection of the mPTP opener atractyloside (10 mg/kg) at 5 min before PostC (P<0.05; n=4-5 pigs). PostC or intravenous cyclosporin A injection at 5 min before reperfusion caused a decrease in muscle myeloperoxidase activity and mitochondrial free Ca2+ concentration and an increase in muscle ATP content after 4 h ischemia and 2 h reperfusion compared with the time-matched controls. These effects of PostC were abolished by intravenous injection of atractyloside at 5 min before PostC (P<0.05; n=6 pigs). These observations support our hypothesis that PostC is effective in salvage of ischemic skeletal muscle from reperfusion injury and the mechanism involves inhibition of opening of the mPTP.
Pharmacologic investigation of the mechanism underlying cold allodynia using a new cold plate procedure in rats with chronic constriction injuries (2008)

Cold allodynia is a frequent clinical symptom of patients with neuropathic pain. Despite numerous studies of cold allodynia, using animal models of neuropathic pain, little is known about its underlying mechanisms. This study was performed to establish a method for the pharmacologic evaluation of cold allodynia using several analgesics in a chronic constriction injury (CCI) rat model of neuropathic pain. Compared with the results obtained before the CCI operation, the CCI rats placed on a cork plate at 20 degrees C exhibited a slight change in the paw withdrawal latency because of the mechanical stimulus mediated by the injured paw touching the plate. By contrast, there was a significant reduction in the paw withdrawal latency on a cold metal plate compared with that on the cork plate after the CCI surgery, with the maximum decrease occurring on postoperative day 7. This reduction is thought to specifically reflect cold-induced pain behavior. In addition, both naïve and CCI rats showed behavioral changes at 5 and 0 degrees C, but not at 10 degrees C or higher. Interestingly, a subcutaneous morphine dose of 6 mg/kg completely inhibited cold allodynia induced at 10 degrees C on postoperative day 7. Under this condition, both the sodium channel blocker mexiletine (10 and 30 mg/kg, subcutaneously) and the calcium channel alpha2delta subunit blocker pregabalin (30 and 100 mg/kg, orally) significantly suppressed cold allodynia. Additionally, both resiniferatoxin (0.3 mg/kg, subcutaneously), an ultrapotent analog of capsaicin that desensitizes C fibers, and the VR1 channel antagonist N-(4-tertiarybutylphenyl)-4-(3-chloropyridin-2-yl) tetrahydropyrazine-1(2H)-carboxamide (10 and 30 mg/kg, orally) significantly prolonged the paw withdrawal latency. In conclusion, our data suggest that the activation of C fibers mediates cold allodynia.
Getanzte Heilkraft – Komplementärmedizin (6): Anthroposophische Medizin (2011)

Viele alternative Heilmethoden verstehen sich als Konkurrenz zur Schulmedizin und werten z. B. die Behandlung mit Antibiotika als Pakt mit dem Beelzebub. Nicht so die anthroposophische Medizin: Anthroposophische Ärzte sind immer auch in der Schulmedizin zu Hause. Auf der anderen Seite arbeiten sie mit esoterisch anmutenden Verfahren wie Heileurythmie oder Medikamenten, die zerriebene Bienen enthalten. Wir erklären Ihnen, welches Gedankengebäude sich dahinter verbirgt.
Advanced RF/Baseband Interconnect Schemes for Inter- and Intra-ULSI Communications (2005)

Future inter- and intra-ULSI interconnect systems demand extremely high data rates (up to 100 Gbps/pin or 20-Tbps aggregate) as well as bidirectional multiI/O concurrent service, re-configurable computing/processing architecture, and total compatibility with mainstream silicon system-on-chip and system-in-package technologies. In this paper, we review recent advances in interconnect schemes that promise to meet all of the above system requirements. Unlike traditional wired interconnects based solely on time-division multiple access for data transmission, these new interconnect schemes facilitate the use of additional multiple access techniques including code-division multiple access and frequency-division multiple access to greatly increase bandwidth and channel concurrency as well as to reduce channel latency. The physical transmission line is no longer limited to a direct-coupled metal wire. Rather, it can be accomplished via either wired or wireless mediums through capacitor couplers that reduce the baseband noise and dc power consumption while simplifying the fabrication process by eliminating vertical metal studs needed in three-dimensional ICs. These new advances in interconnect schemes would fundamentally alter the paradigm of ULSI data communications and enable the design of next-generation computing/processing systems.
Thromboembolic complications of cancer: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment (2002)

The association between malignancy and clinical thrombosis has been recognized for nearly 140 years. The purpose of this review is to examine our current understanding of thrombosis as a complication of cancer and cancer therapy. The review includes a discussion of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Extrarenal production of calcitriol. (1994)

Similar to the discovery of the VDR in nonclassical target tissues, the expression of 1 alpha-hydroxylase activity in immune cells, in the hematopoietic system, in tissues at early stages in development, in keratinocytes, and in the liver raises numerous questions about the physiological role of endogenous 1,25(OH)2D3 production. Extrarenal sources are regulated independently from the renal enzyme. The tight control of nonrenal 1 alpha-hydroxylase by physiological levels of calcitriol under normal circumstances and the total absence of regulation in several pathological states are consistent with 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis having a local role rather than contributing to systemic calcitriol homeostasis. The simultaneous expression of vitamin D receptors, constitutive 1 alpha-hydroxylase, and inducible 24-hydroxylase activity in the same cell or in cells of the nearby environment suggests that they constitute a means for an in situ regulation of the response to vitamin D. Experimental evidence indicates that tissue-specific vitamin D microendocrine systems participate in transmural calcium transport, in normalizing serum calcitriol in chronic renal failure, in the control of hematopoiesis, in the modulation of the immune response, and in cellular growth and differentiation in a variety of cell types. A complete understanding of the physiological relevance of extrarenal calcitriol synthesis awaits cloning of the 1 alpha-hydroxylase and characterization of the molecular mechanisms modulating its expression.
Oral supplementation with whey proteins increases plasma glutathione levels of HIV‐infected patients (2001)

HIV infection is characterized by an enhanced oxidant burden and a systemic deficiency of the tripeptide glutathione (GSH), a major antioxidant. The semi-essential amino acid cysteine is the main source of the free sulfhydryl group of GSH and limits its synthesis. Therefore, different strategies to supplement cysteine supply have been suggested to increase glutathione levels in HIV-infected individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of oral supplementation with two different cysteine-rich whey protein formulas on plasma GSH levels and parameters of oxidative stress and immune status in HIV-infected patients. In a prospective double blind clinical trial, 30 patients (25 male, 5 female; mean age (+/- SD) 42 +/- 9.8 years) with stable HIV infection (221 +/- 102 CD4 + lymphocytes L-1) were randomized to a supplemental diet with a daily dose of 45 g whey proteins of either Protectamin (Fresenius Kabi, Bad Hamburg, Germany) or Immunocal (Immunotec, Vandreuil, Canada) for two weeks. Plasma concentrations of total, reduced and oxidized GSH, superoxide anion (O2-) release by blood mononuclear cells, plasma levels of TNF-alpha and interleukins 2 and 12 were quantified with standard methods at baseline and after therapy. Pre-therapy, plasma GSH levels (Protectamin: 1.92 +/- 0.6 microM; Immunocal: 1.98 +/- 0.9 microM) were less than normal (2.64 +/- 0.7 microM, P = 0.03). Following two weeks of oral supplementation with whey proteins, plasma GSH levels increased in the Protectamin group by 44 +/- 56% (2.79 +/- 1.2 microM, P = 0.004) while the difference in the Immunocal group did not reach significance (+ 24.5 +/- 59%, 2.51 +/- 1.48 microM, P = 0.43). Spontaneous O2- release by blood mononuclear cells was stable (20.1 +/- 14.2 vs. 22.6 +/- 16.1 nmol h-1 10-6 cells, P = 0.52) whereas PMA-induced O2- release decreased in the Protectamin group (53.7 +/- 19 vs. 39.8 +/- 18 nmol h-1 10-6 cells, P = 0.04). Plasma concentrations of TNF-alpha and interleukins 2 and 12 (P > 0.08, all comparisons) as well as routine clinical parameters remained unchanged. Therapy was well tolerated. In glutathione-deficient patients with advanced HIV-infection, short-term oral supplementation with whey proteins increases plasma glutathione levels. A long-term clinical trial is clearly warranted to see if this "biochemical efficacy" of whey proteins translates into a more favourable course of the disease.
Optical image segmentation using neural-based wavelet filtering techniques (1992)

A neural-based optical image segmentation scheme for locating potential targets in cluttered FLIR images is presented. The advantage of such a scheme is speed, i.e., the speed of light. Such a design is critical to achieve real-time segmentation and classification for machine vision applications. The segmentation scheme used was based on texture discrimination and employed biologically based orientation specific filters (wavelet filters) as its main component. These filters are the well-understood impulse response functions of mammalian vision systems from input to striate cortex. By using the proper choice of aperture pair separation, dilation, and orientation, targets in FLIR imagery were optically segmented. Wavelet filtering is illustrated for glass template slides, as well as segmentation for static and real-time FLIR imagery displayed on a liquid crystal television.
[Expression of blood coagulation inhibitors in colon cancer]. (2006)

Weak representation or the lack of coagulation inhibitors in colon cancer in most cases may facilitate coagulation activation in the tumor burden, and consequently promote colon cancer progression. Heterogeneous and inconstant presence of blood coagulation inhibitors in colon cancer in loco may suggest, that nonocoagulant biological activities of these inhibitors may influence the cancer growth or its inhibition in an individual patient. Obtained results suggest that introducing various forms of blood coagulation inhibitors in the treatment of colon cancer patients may be beneficial in selected group of patients.
A<sub>2A</sub>adenosine receptor-mediated inhibition of renal injury and neutrophil adhesion (2000)

We sought to determine the mechanisms responsible for the reduced renal tissue injury by agonists of A(2A) adenosine receptors (A(2A)-ARs) in models of ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. DWH-146e, a selective A(2A)-AR agonist, was administered subcutaneously to Sprague-Dawley rats and C57BL/6 mice via osmotic minipumps, and animals were subjected to I/R. I/R led to an increase in plasma creatinine and kidney neutrophil infiltration. Infusion of DWH-146e at 10 ng. kg(-1). min(-1) produced a 70% reduction in plasma creatinine as well as a decrease in neutrophil density in outer medulla and cortex and myeloperoxidase activity in the reperfused kidney. Myeloperoxidase activity in kidney correlated with the degree of renal injury. P-selectin and intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) immunoreactivity were most prominent in endothelial cells of peritubular capillaries and interlobular arteries of cortex and outer and inner medulla of vehicle-treated mice whose kidneys were subjected to I/R. DWH-146e treatment led to a pronounced decrease in P-selectin- and ICAM-1-like immunoreactivity. These data are consistent with our hypothesis that A(2A)-AR agonists limit I/R injury due to an inhibitory effect on neutrophil adhesion.
Hepatic progenitor cells from adult human livers for cell transplantation (2008)

Bipotential progenitor cells from human adult livers can be isolated using Thy-1 and might be a potential candidate for cell treatment in liver diseases.
An investigation of waveform sampling for improved signal processing in TOF PET (2008)

The development of fast photodetectors and of fast, high light output scintillation crystals has placed an increased emphasis on the need for fast readout electronics used for Time-Of-Flight (TOF) PET detectors. These improvements have paralleled developments in analog sampling technology that makes fast waveform digitizing of photodetector signals an attractive alternative to custom PCB and IC designs. Waveform digitization offers a flexible means for evaluating and implementing more complex signal processing algorithms. We used a commercial 1GHz 2Gs/s waveform digitizing system to acquire coincident pulses from LYSO and LaBr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> (5%Ce) scintillator crystals coupled to a fast PMT. By measuring the time pickoff based on a linear fit to the rising edge of the pulse, we show an improvement in coincident timing resolution from ∼200ps to ∼80ps FWHM for LaBr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> (5%Ce) coupled to Photonis XP20D0 PMTs, and from ∼160ps to ∼80ps Full Width at Half Maximum (FWHM) for LaBr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> (5%Ce) coupled to Hamamatsu H4998 PMTs. Our results show a consistent improvement in timing resolution as well as reduced sensitivity to signal risetime as compared to leading edge (LE) pickoff techniques. Measurements with partial detector modules indicate that system timing resolution of ≪200ps is attainable with LaBr <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</inf> (5%Ce) pixelated detectors designed for TOF PET.
How the body controls brain temperature: the temperature shielding effect of cerebral blood flow (2006)

Normal brain functioning largely depends on maintaining brain temperature. However, the mechanisms protecting brain against a cooler environment are poorly understood. Reported herein is the first detailed measurement of the brain-temperature profile. It is found to be exponential, defined by a characteristic temperature shielding length, with cooler peripheral areas and a warmer brain core approaching body temperature. Direct cerebral blood flow (CBF) measurements with microspheres show that the characteristic temperature shielding length is inversely proportional to the square root of CBF in excellent agreement with a theoretical model. This "temperature shielding effect" quantifies the means by which CBF prevents "extracranial cold" from penetrating deep brain structures. The effect is crucial for research and clinical applications; the relationship between brain, body, and extracranial temperatures can now be quantitatively predicted.
Extensive Loss of Heterozygosity Is Suppressed during Homologous Repair of Chromosomal Breaks (2002)

Loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is a common genetic alteration in tumors and often extends several megabases to encompass multiple genetic loci or even whole chromosome arms. Based on marker and karyotype analysis of tumor samples, a significant fraction of LOH events appears to arise from mitotic recombination between homologous chromosomes, reminiscent of recombination during meiosis. As DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) initiate meiotic recombination, a potential mechanism leading to LOH in mitotically dividing cells is DSB repair involving homologous chromosomes. We therefore sought to characterize the extent of LOH arising from DSB-induced recombination between homologous chromosomes in mammalian cells. To this end, a recombination reporter was introduced into a mouse embryonic stem cell line that has nonisogenic maternal and paternal chromosomes, as is the case in human populations, and then a DSB was introduced into one of the chromosomes. Recombinants involving alleles on homologous chromosomes were readily obtained at a frequency of 4.6 x 10(-5); however, this frequency was substantially lower than that of DSB repair by nonhomologous end joining or the inferred frequency of homologous repair involving sister chromatids. Strikingly, the majority of recombinants had LOH restricted to the site of the DSB, with a minor class of recombinants having LOH that extended to markers 6 kb from the DSB. Furthermore, we found no evidence of LOH extending to markers 1 centimorgan or more from the DSB. In addition, crossing over, which can lead to LOH of a whole chromosome arm, was not observed, implying that there are key differences between mitotic and meiotic recombination mechanisms. These results indicate that extensive LOH is normally suppressed during DSB-induced allelic recombination in dividing mammalian cells.
원저 : 간기능저하 환자의 마취관리 - Budd - Chiari 증후군환자 1 예 (1994)

Budd-chiari syndrome is a rare syndrome that results from thrombosis of the major hepatic veins, In addition, this syndrome can be caused by retrohbpatic venocaval obstruction and by intrahepatic outflow obstruction, usually tumor. And portal hypertension eventually develops. Prognosis, regardless of etiology is generally poor, fewer than 30% of the patients surviving longer than 12 months And mortality in surgical patients with Budd-Chiari syndrome is over 30%. The degree of hepatoeel1uiar function encountered will be variable depending on the time between onset of pathology and diagnosis and these patients will have far more hepatic reserve than will the cirrhotic patient with portal hypertension. The correction of coagulopathy, electrolyte imbalance, and hypoalbuminemia should be done pre-operatively. And special anesthetic considerations are needed to avoid post- operative hepatic dysfunction and complications.
Improving network applications security (2005)

Buffer overflows cause serious problems in different categories of software systems. For example, if present in network or security applications, they can be exploited to gain unauthorized grant or access to the system. In embedded systems, such as avionics or automotive systems, they can be the cause of serious accidents.This paper proposes to combine static analysis and program slicing with evolutionary testing, to detect buffer overflow threats. Static analysis identifies vulnerable statements, while slicing and data dependency analysis identify the relationship between these statements and program or function inputs, thus reducing the search space.To guide the search towards discovering buffer overflow in this work we define three multi-objective fitness functions and compare them on two open-source systems. These functions account for terms such as the statement coverage, the coverage of vulnerable statements, the distance form buffer boundaries and the coverage of unconstrained nodes of the control flow graph.
Cranial Growth Unrestricted During Treatment of Deformational Plagiocephaly (2000)

Kelly, Keven M.; Littlefield, Timothy R.; Pomitto, Jeanne K.; Manwaring, Kim H.; Beals, Stephen P. Author Information
A Multimedia Solution to Productivity Gridlock: A Re-Engineered Jewelry Appraisal System at Zale Corporation1 (1994)

Zale Corporation once melted down most of its damaged, returned, or repossessed jewelry, resulting in substantial lost revenues. It was determined that additional revenue could be produced from salvageable jewelry if the value of the items could be accurately determined. This meant the jewelry had to be appraised by experienced gemologists to determine the most profitable disposition. The gemologists’ productivity suffered because the appraisal was extremely labor intensive. To address this problem, an automated multimedia system utilizing electronically linked measuring instruments, voice recognition, and interconnected LAN databases was developed. Although the unique voice recognition feature of the system was later abandoned, the use of the system enhanced productivity. This paper describes the systems development, its subsequent evolution, and the lessons learned from the process.
Nickel‐hyperaccumulating Plants Provide a Niche for Nickel‐resistant Bacteria (1991)

Abstract The occurrence and abundance of nickel‐resistant bacteria was studied in various soils originating from serpentine and other ultramafic rocks from both temperate and tropical localities. Samples were taken from soil covered with herbs and shrubs not known to accumulate nickel and from areas inhabited by nickel‐hyperaccumulating shrubs and trees. In samples taken from the humus and mineral soil layers underneath the canopy of nickel‐hyperaccumulating trees, the number of bacteria able to grow at 3, 10 and 20 mM NiCl 2 , was almost as high as the number of bacteria growing in the absence of nickel ions. In contrast, for soil samples taken outside these areas only moderately nickel‐resistant (3 mM NiCl 2 ) bacteria and low numbers were encountered. It is concluded that, in humid climate zones, the predominance of nickel‐resistant bacteria in the soil is not due to the nickel ions generated by the weathering of nickel‐containing rocks but is due to nickel salts being continuously liberated by the decay of nickel‐rich leaf litter. Nickel‐hyperaccumulating plants can be considered to drive a nickel cycle resulting in the continuous percolation of the top soil by nickel ions.
Inhibition of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4.5-<i>f</i>] (IQ)-DNA binding by chlorophyllin: studies of enzyme inhibition and molecular complex formation (1992)

Chlorophyllin (CHL), a copper/sodium salt of chlorophyll used in the treatment of geriatric patients, is an anti-mutagen that has been demonstrated to inhibit carcinogen--DNA binding in vivo. To study the mechanism of inhibition, the microsomal metabolism of 2-amino-3-methylimidazo[4,5-f]quinoline (IQ) and the kinetics of IQ--DNA binding were investigated in the presence and absence of CHL. In time-course studies, CHL produced greater than 80% inhibition of IQ--DNA binding and blocked the metabolism of IQ, such that 80% of the initial dose of carcinogen was recovered unmetabolized from the incubations after 1 h. Kinetic constants were determined for the in vitro DNA binding reaction, with the reaction rate measured as 'pmol IQ bound/mg DNA/min/mg microsomal protein'. Without altering V(max), the Km of the IQ--DNA binding reaction was increased by CHL, and the replot of Km/V(max) versus CHL concentration yielded a straight line with an inhibitor constant of 58.3 microM CHL. Spectrophotometric studies provided evidence in vitro for the formation of a non-covalent complex between CHL and IQ. The CHL--IQ complex had a stoichiometric ratio of 2:1 (mole ratio method) and an apparent dissociation constant from the Benesi-Hilderbrand plot of 1.41 x 10(-4)M at pH 7.4. These results are discussed in the context of a CHL inhibitory mechanism involving enzyme inhibition and molecular complex formation.