gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Criteria for the classification of monoclonal gammopathies, multiple myeloma and related disorders: a report of the International Myeloma Working Group (2003)

Summary. The monoclonal gammopathies are a group of disorders associated with monoclonal proliferation of plasma cells. The characterization of specific entities is an area of difficulty in clinical practice. The International Myeloma Working Group has reviewed the criteria for diagnosis and classification with the aim of producing simple, easily used definitions based on routinely available investigations. In monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) or monoclonal gammopathy, unattributed/unassociated (MG[u]), the monoclonal protein is < 30 g/l and the bone marrow clonal cells < 10% with no evidence of multiple myeloma, other B‐cell proliferative disorders or amyloidosis. In asymptomatic (smouldering) myeloma the M‐protein is ≥ 30 g/l and/or bone marrow clonal cells ≥ 10% but no r elated o rgan or t issue i mpairment (ROTI)(end‐organ damage), which is typically manifested by increased c alcium, r enal insufficiency, a naemia, or b one lesions (CRAB) attributed to the plasma cell proliferative process. Symptomatic myeloma requires evidence of ROTI. Non‐secretory myeloma is characterized by the absence of an M‐protein in the serum and urine, bone marrow plasmacytosis and ROTI. Solitary plasmacytoma of bone, extramedullary plasmacytoma and multiple solitary plasmacytomas (± recurrent) are also defined as distinct entities. The use of these criteria will facilitate comparison of therapeutic trial data. Evaluation of currently available prognostic factors may allow better definition of prognosis in multiple myeloma.
77. Reactions of the cobaltic ion. Part III. The kinetics of the reactions of the cobaltic ion with aldehydes and alcohols (1951)

C. E. H. Bawn and A. G. White, J. Chem. Soc., 1951, 343 DOI: 10.1039/JR9510000343
Optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced distribution systems: modeling and a new formulation (1995)

This paper undertakes the problem of optimal capacitor placement, replacement and control in large-scale unbalanced, radial or loop distribution networks. The problem is how to optimally determine the locations to install (or replace, or remove) capacitors, the types and sizes of capacitors to be installed (or replaced) and, during each load level, the control schemes for each capacitor in the nodes of a general three-phase unbalanced distribution system such that a desired objective function is minimized while the load constraints, network constraints and operational constraints (e.g. the voltage profile) at different load levels are satisfied. The objective function considered consists of two terms: cost for energy loss; and cost related to capacitor purchase, capacitor installation, capacitor replacement and capacitor removal. Comprehensive modelings of different components are presented which include primary power networks, three-phase transformers (different winding connections, off-nominal tap ratio, core and copper losses), cogenerators, voltage sensitive load models for single-phase, two-phase and three-phase loads, shunt capacitors and reactors. The new problem is formulated as a combinatorial optimization problem with a nondifferentiable objective function. The configuration space essential in the design of a annealing-based solution methodology for the new problem is derived.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Pd (II)‐catalyzed vinyl addition polymerization of novel functionalized norbornene bearing dimethyl carboxylate groups (2007)

Abstract Three novel functionalized polynorbornenes (PNB) with pendant dimethyl carboxylate group (carboxylates—acetate, propionate, and butyrate) are synthesized as a vinyl‐type with a palladium (II) catalyst in high yield. The effects of size of substitutents, molar ratio of monomer to catalyst, solvent polarity, reaction time, and temperature on the polymerization of exo ‐norbornene dimethyl propionate were systematically investigated. The low molar ratio and temperature, as well as high polarity of solvent, and long reaction time, are favorable for the enhancement of the monomer conversion, especially, the solvent have an obvious effect on the catalyst activity. The resulting poly( cis ‐norbornene‐ exo ‐2,3‐dimethyl carboxylates) (PNB‐dimethyl carboxylates) show good solubility in common organic solvent and high thermal stability up to 360 °C. The glass transition temperature was detected by DMA at 331, 324, and 318 °C for acetate, propionate, and butyrate, respectively. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 45: 3391–3399, 2007
Unequal Error Protection for Streaming Media Based on Rateless Codes (2011)

This paper presents an Unequal Error Protection (UEP) method for streaming media. Previous researches have shown that UEP rateless codes can provide a low-complexity solution for downloading scalable information. However, the randomized generator of rateless codes leads to uncertainty of decoding probability and decoding priority of input data, and thus it is not suitable for streaming applications. In this paper, a novel UEP method is presented for streaming media. The proposed method, which consists of a hierarchical coding graph as well as low-complexity encoding and decoding operations, preserves the advantage of the UEP rateless codes and characterizes the decoding probability and decoding priority by formulas. The proposed hierarchical coding graph guarantees that high-priority input data are recovered before low-priority ones, so important information can be recovered with low latency, low computation, and high probability. In addition, data in different layers of the proposed UEP are dependently encoded, so that data in different layers can help decode each other. For heterogeneous clients, the proposed UEP codes can help a decoder with recovery of different amount of information according to the network condition and computation ability. Besides, we also extend the proposed UEP codes to a rateless version for downloading of media. Compared with the previous finite-length and rateless UEP codes, our method can recover more high-priority data even in serious packet loss rate (PLR), and the decoding order of data can be assigned by the server.
Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure Studies on Mixed-Phase Zirconia (2003)

The differences among radial distribution functions (RDFs) of monoclinic ZrO2, tetragonal ZrO2, and mixed-phase ZrO2 have been discussed. A much decreased Zr−Zr peak was found in the RDF of mixed-phase ZrO2. The result was explained by Lu Kunquan's equation very well.
Rhodium-Catalyzed Asymmetric 1,4-Addition of Heteroaryl Cyclic Triolborate to α,β-Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds (2009)

Rhodium-catalyzed asymmetric 1,4-additions of electron-deficient heteroaryl groups to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds were established. The reaction resulted in very low yields due to competitive C-B bond cleavage when arylboronic acids, their pinacol esters, or potassium trifluoroborates were used. However, the corresponding lithium heteroaryl(triol)borates afforded 1,4-adducts with high enantioselectivities up to 97% in the presence of a rhodium(I) catalyst chelated with a chiral BINAP or BIPAM ligand.
A Survey on Clustering Techniques for Wireless Sensor Network (2012)

Wireless sensor networks have been used in various fields like battle feilds, surveillance, schools, colleges, etc. It has been used in our day-to-day life. Its growth increases day by day. Sensor node normally senses the physical event from the environment such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure etc. Sensor nodes are connected with each other through wireless medium such as infrared or radio waves it depends on applications. Each node has its internal memory to store the information regarding the event packets. In this paper we will come to know the various algorithms in clustering techniques for wireless sensor networks and discuss them. Clustering is a key technique used to extend the lifetime of a sensor network by reducing energy consumption .It can also increase network scalability. Sensor nodes are considered to be homogeneous since the researches in the feild of WSNs have been evolved but in reality homogeneous sensor networks hardly exist. Here we will discuss some of the impact of heterogeneous sensor networks on WSN and various clustering algorithms used in HWSN..
Customer Engagement on Brand Fan Pages: An Examination of the Effects of Social Media Marketing (2014)

Social media has changed the interaction between businesses and customers. Many businesses started to utilize social media for their marketing strategy, intentionally influencing consumer-to-consumer communications. The purpose of this article is to examine the effect of social media marketing on motivating Facebook users to spread electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) and make decisions. We used a content analysis to survey 513 posts from a Facebook fan page of Yilan International Children's Folklore & Folkgame Festivel (YICFFF) and conducted poisson regression to test our hypotheses. The findings show that businesses provide brand post characteristics of brand centrality and interactivity could enhance eWOM and attention of Facebook users; brand post characteristics of information and entertainment could enhance interest, desire and action of Facebook users. Specifically, brand sentiment partially mediates brand post characteristics of brand centrality and interactivity on the number of likes, the number of comments, attention, interest, desire and action of Facebook users. Discussions and implications for the marketer are presented at the end of the article.
A reconfigurable, power-efficient adaptive Viterbi decoder (2005)

Error-correcting convolutional codes provide a proven mechanism to limit the effects of noise in digital data transmission. Although hardware implementations of decoding algorithms, such as the Viterbi algorithm, have shown good noise tolerance for error-correcting codes, these implementations require an exponential increase in very large scale integration area and power consumption to achieve increased decoding accuracy. To achieve reduced decoder power consumption, we have examined and implemented decoders based on the reduced-complexity adaptive Viterbi algorithm (AVA). Run-time dynamic reconfiguration is performed in response to varying communication channel-noise conditions to match minimized power consumption to required error-correction capabilities. Experimental calculations indicate that the use of dynamic reconfiguration leads to a 69% reduction in decoder power consumption over a nonreconfigurable field-programmable gate array implementation with no loss of decode accuracy.
Budding of Rous sarcoma virus and vesicular stomatitis virus from localized lipid regions in the plasma membrane of chicken embryo fibroblasts. (1980)

The origin of the envelope lipids acquired by Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) and vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) during budding from the plasma membrane of chicken embryo fibroblasts was examined. Several differences were observed between the lipid composition of RSV and the plasma membrane. When the phospholipid composition of the cells was modified by growing them in the presence of the choline analogues, N,N-dimethylethanolamine or l-2-amino-1-butanol, the phospholipid composition of the virus was subsequently altered but in a very different manner than the plasma membrane. In the plasma membrane, the increase in the analogue-containing phospholipid was at the expense of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine while the amount of sphingomyelin remained constant. In RSV, however, there was a decrease in sphingomyelin and phosphatidylethanolamine while there was only a small change in the amount of phosphatidylcholine. Phospholipid polar head group modification did not significantly alter the fatty acid composition or the cholesterol content. Membranes of phagosomes isolated after the cells had ingested latex beads had essentially the same phospholipid composition as the plasma membrane. The phospholipid composition of VSV was different from RSV, but it also did not reflect the composition of the plasma membrane. The composition of the plasma membrane was intermediate between the viruses and the endoplasmic reticulum, but contamination of the plasma membrane fraction with the endoplasmic reticulum could not account for the observed differences. These results show that the viruses bud from localized lipid regions that do not reflect the average properties of the plasma membrane.
Novel magnetic spring and magnetic bearing (2003)

We describe a magnetic spring consisting of two magnetic rings with different dimensions, located concentrically in the same direction of magnetization. One of the two magnetic rings is fixed and the other can move axially. Because of the magnetic field, the two magnetic rings tend to keep away from each other at a fixed axial distance. If the relative positions of the two magnetic rings are changed, a restoring force, namely, an elastic force, is produced. This antipull/antipush phenomenon is quite similar to the elastic force in a metal spring. Our measurements demonstrate that the relation of elasticity and the displacement is quite linear and the elastic force is about 100 times the weight of the magnetic rings. The magnetic spring can also be used as a magnetic bearing, if one magnetic ring is fixed and the other rotates. We describe a magnetic spring train and magnetic bearing kilowatt-hour meter as examples of applications.
The viability and function of primary rat hepatocytes cultured on polymeric membranes developed for hybrid artificial liver devices (2005)

Bioartificial liver devices require membranes to support the function and viability of hepatocytes because they are anchorage-dependent cells. This study investigated the ability of several polymeric membranes to support the functions of primary hepatocyte cultures. Tailor-made membranes were sought by synthesizing acrylonitrile copolymers with different comonomers resulting in ionic, hydrophilic, or reactive functional groups on the polymer surface. Hepatocyte morphology and viability were assessed by confocal microscopy, and function by the content and activities of cytochrome P450, and the expression of glutathione S-transferases. Hydrophilic membranes (polyacrylonitrile and acrylonitrile copolymerized with 2-acrylamino-2-methyl-propane sulfonic acid) were more biocompatible than hydrophobic membranes such as polysulfone. The chemistry of the hydrophilic group was important; amine groups had a deleterious effect on maintenance of the primary hepatocytes. The biocompatibility of hydrophobic membranes was improved by collagen coating. Improving the chemistry of membranes for artificial liver devices will enhance the phenotypic stability of the cells, enabling us to prolong treatment times for patients.
Influence of Triton X-100 on the characteristics of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (2006)

Triton X-100 is used as a surfactant to disperse carbon nanotube (CNT) bundles. Its influence on the transfer characteristics of carbon nanotube field-effect transistors (CNTFETs) fabricated with the dispersed CNTs by the AC dielectrophoresis technique has been studied. We find that the surfactant at the interface between the CNTs and Au electrodes can change the work function of the electrodes and therefore convert the CNTFETs from typical p-type to having ambipolar characteristics. The adsorbed surfactant between the CNTs and SiO2 results in a significant hysteresis in the transfer characteristics of the CNTFETs.
Clinical observations on the wound healing properties of honey (1988)

Fifty-nine patients with wounds and ulcers most of which (80 per cent) had failed to heal with conventional treatment were treated with unprocessed honey. Fifty-eight cases showed remarkable improvement following topical application of honey. One case, later diagnosed as Buruli ulcer, failed to respond. Wounds that were sterile at the outset, remained sterile until healed, while infected wounds and ulcer became sterile within 1 week of topical application of honey. Honey debrided wounds rapidly, replacing sloughs with granulation tissue. It also promoted rapid epithelialization, and absorption of oedema from around the ulcer margins.
Expression and electrophysiological identification of the receptor for bombesin and gastrin‐releasing peptide in <i>Xenopus laevis</i> oocytes injected with polyA<sup>+</sup> RNA from rat brain (1988)

The receptor for bombesin and the related peptide, gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) has been induced in frog oocytes by injection of polyA+ RNA from rat brain. The primed oocytes responded to peptides of the bombesin family (GRP, neuromedin C of bombesin) by showing dose-dependent oscillations in membrane currents as recorded by the voltage-clamp method. The induced membrane changes were suppressed when oocytes were pretreated with a bombesin-receptor antagonist.
Half-Metallic Antiferromagnets (1995)

This Letter discusses the possibility of realizing half-metallic antiferromagnets, i.e., systems with 100% spin polarization of the conduction electrons without showing a net magnetization. The predictions are based on electronic structure calculations using the local density approximation.
Transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of GM-CSF-induced IL-1β gene expression in PMN (1996)

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) play an important role in inflammation, immune responses, and tissue repair by secreting interleukin- 1 beta (IL-1 beta). We investigated the regulation of IL-1 beta gene expression in human PMN treated with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). GM-CSF induced IL-1 beta mRNA accumulation at 0.1 ng/ml and maximal induction was observed at 1 ng/ml. IL- 1 beta mRNA levels reached a maximum with 1-2 h after stimulation with GM-CSF and returned to baseline levels by 4-6 h. The time course of IL-1 beta mRNA induction by GM-CSF was more protracted than previously reported for PMN stimulated with tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha, 10 ng/ml). Nuclear run-on analysis indicated that GM-CSF, like TNF, increases IL-1 beta transcription. Kinetic studies with the RNA synthesis inhibitor, actinomycin D, showed that GM-CSF induces stable IL-1B mRNA. Cycloheximide enhanced the IL-1 beta mRNA accumulation by GM-CSF at the level of mRNA stabilization, but blocked IL-1 beta mRNA expression by TNF. Thus, GM-CSF increases IL-1 beta message accumulation in PMN at both the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels by mechanisms that are different from TNF induction of IL-1 beta gene expression.
Design and modeling of planar magnetic inductors for power converters applications (2015)

Planar inductors devices are essential parts in power converters which are used in the different stage of energy conversion. Designed and simulated power converters needs prototype-less approaches. However, Models of planar inductors devices are still not available in simulator tools. There is, thus, a specific limitation during the simulation process of integrated power converters. Thus, this paper focuses on the modeling of planar inductors with magnetic core. Based on an analytical field solution, an accurate method to calculate the reluctance magnetic core geometry is presented. Also, this model includes the impact of high frequency effects such as the skin, the proximity in the metal lines and the parasitic capacitances effects. This model is based on the geometrical parameters and physical characteristics of the planar inductors. The proposed model is compared to 3D finite element method simulations and reported results of several planar inductors with magnetic core. The analytical model of planar inductor results shows good agreement with the 3D FEM simulation.
Effect of glycerol and egg yolk on the motility of Macropus giganteus cauda epididymidal spermatozoa stored at 5oC (1996)

Eriocitrin, a lemons flavanone, exhibits several biological properties, antiproliferative, and proapoptotic effects. However, its molecular mechanical action is not entirely clarified. Oxidative stress causes abnormal stimulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling has been strongly connected with the ruling of cell survival and apoptosis of cancer cells. Herein, we investigated an antiproliferative and proapoptotic effect that Eriocitrin modulates STAT3/MAPKs signaling activation in MCF-7 cells. We noticed that Eriocitrin strongly enhances reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, alteration of mitochondrial outer membrane potential, and enhances apoptotic morphological changes. Furthermore, Eriocitrin suppressed STAT3 phosphorylation via inhibiting an upstream molecule of JAK2 and Src kinase activation, thereby blocking STAT3 nuclear translocation. Similarly, Eriocitrin causes oxidative stress-mediated JNK/p38 MAPK signaling activation. We confirmed that Eriocitrin induced ROS-mediated apoptosis inhibited by the antioxidant substance of N-acetylcysteine. Eriocitrin induced apoptosis via suppression of STAT3 signaling regulated proteins, activating proapoptotic factors Bax, caspase 7, 8, 9 and suppressing Bcl-2, Bcl-x expression in MCF-7 cells. Overall, these results evidenced that Eriocitrin can affect multiple signaling events associated with tumorigenesis. From this evidence, Eriocitrin, a novel chemotherapeutic agent, can be used to treat breast cancer.
Design of an Active Scalable Phased Array Antenna System (2019)

This paper describes a scalable polarization reconfigurable phased array antenna system. The system was realized by using a beamformer and designing a more efficient and flexible power supply and control system, which could be exceedingly helpful to achieve a more flexible ground station design and satellite communication test. As a result, more flexible beam scanning and higher gain could be achieved. The design was simulated by CST Microwave Studio. The complexity of the system was significantly reduced by using the modular design of the active phase control structure.