gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Analysis of spectral characteristics of oil film on water based on wavelet transform]. (2012)

The diagnostic features are the basis to detect and characterize the oil film on water through optical remote sensing. This work shows the results of lab spectral measurements of light diesel oil with thickness ranged 1.0 - 127 microm. A wavelet transform were performed to the reflectance, and the singularity (388-393 nm) was explored as the indicators of oil film thickness. The results indicate that the reflectance of light diesel oil film is higher than that of water in the range from 350-2 500 nm. There is a reflectance peak near 388 nm when the thickness of oil film is larger than 6 microm, however, no distinguished features could be recognized when oil films were thinner than 6 microm. The wavelet coefficients of the fifth decomposition level by applying Daubechies 4 (db4) mother wavelets proved successful for identifying the singularity of oil film's reflectance spectra and its accurate position. With the thickness lager than 6 microm, the detail coefficients performed an abrupt change within the range of 388-393 nm, and became more violent while oil films' thickness increased. This research demonstrated that oil films on water with different thickness could be distinguished based on wavelet detail coefficients, with important implications for detection of oils on water using UV and short wave optical remote sensing.
Olefination of Perfluoroarenes (2010)

A Pd(OAc)2-catalyzed direct olefination of perfluoroarenes is introduced as one of the few examples of a direct functionalization of perfluoroarenes.
A new DNA alignment method based on inverted index (2013)

This paper presents a novel DNA sequences alignment method based on inverted index. Now most large scale information retrieval system are all use inverted index as the basic data structure. But its application in DNA sequence alignment is still not found. This paper just discuss such applications. Three main problems, DNA segmenting, long DNA query search, DNA search ranking algorithm and evaluation method are detailed respectively. This research presents a new avenue to build more effective DNA alignment methods.
차광 재배가 차잎 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향 (2009)

This study aimed to investigate the influence of shade culture for quality and quantity of tea plant. The obtained conclusions are summarized as follows. Shading degree and duration affected to yield of leaf production negatively, whereas number of green tea leaf was shown converse tendency. The len...
Dairy technology and engineering (1976)

Naturally occurring gums and resins with beneficial pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties were tested for their possible protective effect against copper-induced LDL oxidation in vitro. Chiosmastic gum (CMG) (Pistacia lentiscus var. Chia resin) was the most effective in protecting human LDL from oxidation. The minimum and maximum doses for the saturation phenomena of inhibition of LDL oxidation were 2.5 mg and 50 mg CMG (75.3% and 99.9%, respectively). The methanol/water extract of CMG was the most effective compared with other solvent combinations. CMG when fractionated in order to determine a structure-activity relationship showed that the total mastic essential oil, collofonium-like residue and acidic fractions of CMG exhibited a high protective activity ranging from 65.0% to 77.8%. The other natural gums and resins (CMG resin 'liquid collection', P. terebinthus var. Chia resin, dammar resin, acacia gum, tragacanth gum, storax gum) also tested as above, showed 27.0%-78.8% of the maximum LDL protection. The other naturally occurring substances, i.e. triterpenes (amyrin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, lupeol, 18-a-glycyrrhetinic acid) and hydroxynaphthoquinones (naphthazarin, shikonin and alkannin) showed 53.5%-78.8% and 27.0%-64.1% LDL protective activity, respectively. The combination effects (68.7%-76.2% LDL protection) of ursolic-, oleanolic- and ursodeoxycholic- acids were almost equal to the effect (75.3%) of the CMG extract in comparable doses.
Towards a chip level reliability simulator for copper/low-k backend processes (2010)

A framework is proposed to analyze circuit layout geometries to predict chip lifetime due to low-k time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB). The methodology uses as inputs data from test structures, which have been designed and fabricated to detect the impact of area and metal linewidth on low-k TDDB.
Adenosine inhibits IL‐12 and TNF‐α production via adenosine A <sub>2a</sub> receptor‐dependent and independent mechanisms (2000)

Interleukin 12 (IL-12) is a crucial cytokine in the regulation of T helper 1 vs. T helper 2 immune responses. In the present study, we investigated the effect of the endogenous purine nucleoside adenosine on the production of IL-12. In mouse macrophages, adenosine suppressed IL-12 production. Although the order of potency of adenosine receptor agonists suggested the involvement of A2a receptors, data obtained with A2a receptor-deficient mice showed that the adenosine suppression of IL-12 and even TNF-alpha production is only partly mediated by A2a receptor ligation. Studies with adenosine receptor antagonists or the adenosine uptake blocker dipyridamole showed that adenosine released endogenously also decreases IL-12. Although adenosine increases IL-10 production, the inhibition of IL-12 production is independent of the increased IL-10. The mechanism of action of adenosine was not associated with alterations of the activation of the p38 and p42/p44 mitogen-activated protein kinases or the phosphorylation of the c-Jun terminal kinase. Adenosine failed to affect steady-state levels of either IL-12 p35 or p40 mRNA, but augmented IL-10 mRNA levels. In summary, adenosine inhibits IL-12 production via various adenosine receptors. These results support the notion that adenosine-based therapies might be useful in certain autoimmune and/or inflammatory diseases.
Crohnʼs disease activity assessed by fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin: Correlation with Crohnʼs disease activity index and endoscopic findings (2007)

For evaluation of Crohn's disease activity, based on endoscopic findings, more sensitive surrogate markers than is CDAI or CRP are fecal calprotectin and lactoferrin. These prove to be useful tools for estimation of disease activity in Crohn's disease.
Identification of 3,4-Dihydroisoquinoline-2(1<i>H</i>)-sulfonamides as Potent Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors: Synthesis, Biological Evaluation, and Enzyme−Ligand X-ray Studies (2010)

Following previous studies we herein report the exploration of the carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) inhibitory effects and enzyme selectivity of a small class of 1-(cyclo)alkylisoquinolines containing a sulfonamide function considered a key feature for inhibiting CA. The results of enzymatic assays against human (h) CA isoforms, hCA I and hCA II (cytosolic, ubiquitous enzymes), hCA IX (transmembrane, tumor-associated), and hCA XIV (transmembrane), suggested that the presence of C-1 small substituents on isoquinoline scaffold controls both inhibitory potency and selectivity. Some derivatives showed potent hCA IX and hCA XIV inhibitory effects at nanomolar concentrations as well as low affinity for the ubiquitous hCA II. Moreover, we report the X-ray crystal structure of one of these derivatives in complex with dominant human isoform II, thus confirming the sulfonamide--zinc interactions. Finally, the results of docking experiments suggested the hypothetic interactions in the catalytic binding site for the most active and selective hCA IX and hCA XIV inhibitor.
The Effects of Soy Isoflavones on Obesity (2008)

Over the last decades, the prevalence of obesity and related diseases has increased rapidly in the Western world. Obesity is a disorder of energy balance and is associated with hyper-insulinemia, insulin resistance, and abnormalities in lipid metabolism, and it is one of the most important risk factors in the development of Type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, and certain cancers. Because of the lower frequency of these diseases in Asian countries, attention has been turned toward the Asian diet, which consists highly of soy and soy-based products. The health benefits associated with soy consumption have been linked to the content of isoflavones, the main class of the phytoestrogens. As a result of their structural similarities to endogenous estrogens, isoflavones elicit weak estrogenic effects by competing with 17beta-estradiol (E2) for binding to the intranuclear estrogen receptors (ERs) and exert estrogenic or antiestrogenic effects in various tissues. The estrogenic activities of soy isoflavones are thought to play an important role in their health-enhancing properties. Additionally, the isoflavones have been proved to exert non-ER-mediated effects through numerous other pathways. Genistein, daidzein, and glycitein are the principal isoflavones in soy. Genistein is the most thoroughly examined of these, because it is the most prevalent isoflavone in soy and the most active of these compounds, because of its higher binding affinity for the ER. Genistein and daidzein can be obtained in high levels in humans under certain nutritional conditions, and epidemiologic and laboratory data suggest that these compounds could have health benefits in human obesity. This review will focus on the latest results of research on isoflavones and their effect on obesity in cell cultures, rodents, and humans.
Magnetic properties, magnetic cluster size and read-write performance of CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ perpendicular recording media (2004)

In this study, we investigated magnetic properties, magnetic cluster size of CoPtCr-SiO/sub 2/ media and its read-write performance.
GLI Activates Transcription through a Herpes Simplex Viral Protein 16-Like Activation Domain (1998)

Three proteins have been identified in mammals, GLI, GLI2, and GLI3, which share a highly conserved zinc finger domain with Drosophila Cubitus interruptus and are believed to function as transcription factors in the vertebrate Sonic hedgehog-Patched signaling pathway. To understand the role GLI plays in the Sonic hedgehog-Patched pathway and mechanisms of GLI-induced transcriptional regulation, we have characterized its transcriptional regulatory properties and contributions of specific domains to transcriptional regulation. We have demonstrated that GLI activates expression of reporter constructs in HeLa cells in a concentration-dependent manner through the GLI consensus binding motif and that a GAL4 binding domain-GLI fusion protein activates reporter expression through the GAL4 DNA binding site. GLI-induced transcriptional activation requires the carboxyl-terminal amino acids 1020-1091, which includes an 18-amino acid region highly similar to the alpha-helical herpes simplex viral protein 16 activation domain, including the consensus recognition element for the human TFIID TATA box-binding protein-associated factor TAFII31 and conservation of all three amino acid residues believed to contact directly chemically complementary residues in TAFII31. The presence of this region in the GLI activation domain provides a mechanism for GLI-induced transcriptional regulation.
Simulating On-the-Road Behavior Using a Driving Simulator (2010)

In this paper, we summarize the initial results with regard to the question to what extent driving simulators can be used to serve as cheap and easy realizable environments for simulating on-the-road behavior. The aim of these first studies was to determine whether or not it is possible to replace real driving studies with experiments and furthermore, to identify parameters and/or restrictions for a second experimental series with improved settings. We have conducted two studies comparing the driver's reaction time in real and simulated environments with the final goal to provide a universal metric describing the differences in reaction time. The events were, in the case of simulation, triggered trace-driven or, in the real driving experiment, manually activated by the experimenter and notifications were forwarded to the driver using either a visual, auditory, or haptic sensory channel. The comparison of the two studies showed that (i) both settings provide similar results for the order of average response using the three feedback modalities and (ii) the experiment using a simulator performed, for the measure of reaction time, better in the range of 13% compared to the real driving study (the reason for this result is most likely caused by the fact that driving in a real world environment is much more challenging than in a driving simulator).
THE EFFECTS OF ESTROGENS ON THE BONE MARROW OF ADULT FEMALE DOGS (1948)

Abstract Large doses of estrogens have a profound effect on the bone marrow of adult dogs. The initial reaction is a great increase in the number of neutrophilic elements in the bone marrow. These neutrophils are released into the blood stream causing a marked rise in the total white cell count. This is followed by congestion of the bone marrow and a destruction of the white cell elements in these marrows. Congested areas and locations formerly occupied by white cell elements are replaced by edema, leaving erythroid elements intact. This accounts for the marked drop in the total white cell count in the blood stream. This is followed by destruction of remaining erythroid elements in the bone marrow and replacement by "edema" until a stage is reached where practically no cells can be found in the marrow.
A parallel unmixing algorithm for hyperspectral images (2006)

We present a new algorithm for feature extraction in hyperspectral images based on source separation and parallel computing. In source separation, given a linear mixture of sources, the goal is to recover the components by producing an unmixing matrix. In hyperspectral imagery, the mixing transform and the separated components can be associated with endmembers and their abundances. Source separation based methods have been employed for target detection and classification of hyperspectral images. However, these methods usually involve restrictive conditions on the nature of the results such as orthogonality (in Principal Component Analysis - PCA and Orthogonal Subspace Projection - OSP) of the endmembers or statistical independence (in Independent Component Analysis - ICA) of the abundances nor do they fully satisfy all the conditions included in the Linear Mixing Model. Compared to this, our approach is based on the Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF), a less constraining unmixing method. NMF has the advantage of producing positively defined data, and, with several modifications that we introduce also ensures addition to one. The endmember vectors and the abundances are obtained through a gradient based optimization approach. The algorithm is further modified to run in a parallel environment. The parallel NMF (P-NMF) significantly reduces the time complexity and is shown to also easily port to a distributed environment. Experiments with in-house and Hydice data suggest that NMF outperforms ICA, PCA and OSP for unsupervised endmember extraction. Coupled with its parallel implementation, the new method provides an efficient way for unsupervised unmixing further supporting our efforts in the development of a real time hyperspectral sensing environment with applications to industry and life sciences.
Civil Engineering Considerations (1985)

Preamble: This paper does not attempt to describe how to design the civil components of a structure. It describes from the viewpoint of a hydro civil engineering designer some of the things which should be considered and it largely bases its arguments on the design practices of the Ministry of Works and Development (MWD), Power Directorate.
Ultraviolet luminescence spectra of boron nitride single crystals grown under high pressure and high temperature (2004)

Boron nitride (BN) single crystals grown by employing a temperature gradient method under high-pressure and high-temperature conditions using a carefully purified Ba–B–N solvent system showed exciton-related cathodoluminescence peaks in the ultraviolet region around 200 nm. A series of peaks from the cubic phase of BN single crystal was assigned as the phonon-assisted free-exciton luminescence bands from which the indirect exciton gap energy was estimated to be 6.17 eV. The exciton binding energy was estimated to be 80 meV based on the temperature dependence of the exciton luminescence intensity. A dominant luminescence peak from hexagonal-phase BN single crystal was observed at 215 nm, which is 1000 times larger than the indirect exciton luminescence of type IIa diamond. This intense luminescence suggests that hexagonal BN is a direct band gap material. (© 2004 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Insulin Prevents Depolarization of the Mitochondrial Inner Membrane in Sensory Neurons of Type 1 Diabetic Rats in the Presence of Sustained Hyperglycemia (2003)

Mitochondrial dysfunction has been proposed as a mediator of neurodegeneration in diabetes complications. The aim of this study was to determine whether deficits in insulin-dependent neurotrophic support contributed to depolarization of the mitochondrial membrane in sensory neurons of streptozocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Whole cell fluorescent video imaging using rhodamine 123 (R123) was used to monitor mitochondrial inner membrane potential (deltapsi(m)). Treatment of cultured dorsal root ganglia (DRG) sensory neurons from normal adult rats for up to 1 day with 50 mmol/l glucose had no effect; however, 1.0 nmol/l insulin increased deltapsi(m) by 100% (P < 0.05). To determine the role of insulin in vivo, STZ-induced diabetic animals were treated with background insulin and the deltapsi(m) of DRG sensory neurons was analyzed. Insulin therapy in STZ-induced diabetic rats had no effect on raised glycated hemoglobin or sciatic nerve polyol levels, confirming that hyperglycemia was unaffected. However, insulin treatment significantly normalized diabetes-induced deficits in sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity (P < 0.05). In acutely isolated DRG sensory neurons from insulin-treated STZ animals, the diabetes-related depolarization of the deltapsi(m) was corrected (P < 0.05). The results demonstrate that loss of insulin-dependent neurotrophic support may contribute to mitochondrial membrane depolarization in sensory neurons in diabetic neuropathy.
The Electrochemical Properties of Sr(Ti,Fe)O<sub>3-δ</sub>for Anodes in Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (2017)

Reduction-stable mixed ionic and electronic conductors such as Sr(Ti,Fe)O3-δ (STF) are promising materials for application in anodes of solid oxide fuel cells. The defect chemistry of STF and its properties as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) cathode have been studied thoroughly, while mechanistic investigations of its electrochemical properties as SOFC anode material are still scarce. In this study, thin film model electrodes of STF with 30% and 70% Fe content were investigated in H2+H2O atmosphere by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Lithographically patterned thin film Pt current collectors were applied on top or beneath the STF thin films to compensate for the low electronic conductivity under reducing conditions. Oxygen exchange resistances, electronic and ionic conductivities and chemical capacitances were quantified and discussed in a defect chemical model. Increasing Fe content increases the electro-catalytic activity of the STF surface as well as the electronic and ionic conductivity. Current collectors on top also increase the electrochemical activity due to a highly active Pt-atmosphere-STF triple phase boundary. Furthermore, the electrochemical activity depends decisively on the H2:H2O mixing ratio and the polarization. Fe0 nanoparticles may evolve on the surface in hydrogen rich atmospheres and increase the hydrogen adsorption rate.
A Self-Healing Network for Content-Based Publish/Subscribe Systems (2004)

Content-based routing in publish/subscribe systems is often realized through overlay networks with acyclic topologies. These types of network usually are simple to implement and maintain but are more prone to node crashes. In this research paper we introduce a Topology Management System (TMS), a component of a content-based pub/sub broker. Aim of the TMS is to mask dynamic changes of the underlying topology to the content-based routing engine. TMS is resilient to certain broker failures and allows brokers join and leave. 1.
Photoelectric plethysmography-some fundamental aspects of the reflection and transmission methods (1981)

In photoelectric plethysmography a distinction is made between the reflection methods. Uncertainties still exist, especially regarding the origin of the reflected signal: some investigators attach quantitative value to the amplitude of the plethysmogram. The various findings are reconsidered. Various fluids are pulsatingly pumped through an in vitro circuit. Flow, pressure and volume pulsations are measured, as is the total light intensity detected by a photoelectric plethysmograph with the small variations caused in it by the pulsations in flow. Both phase and amplitude of the resulting plethysmogram are studied and the results compared with those found in vivo at the fingers and auricles. In vitro, the variations in light reflection are in phase with the volume pulsations: this can only be ascribed to reflection by orienting erythrocytes. In vivo, however, the light reflection, like the light transmission, is in anti-phase with the volume excursions, thus eliminating the determinative effect of light reflection by orienting erythrocytes--the strong reflection from surrounding tissues completely dominates reflection from erythrocytes. Since erythrocytes also have absorptive properties, and the light reflection is in anti-phase with the volume excursions, it is concluded that this absorptivity can manifest itself over the strong reflection from surrounding tissue. In vivo, therefore, the reflection plethysmogram is, in principle, an absorption measurement. The relationship between intensity of detected light and resultant voltage may not be linear: this nonlinearity may not be neglected when amplitude changes are compared. Amplitude changes of different plethysmograms may only be compared quantitatively if there is no difference in their light-voltage relationship.
Automated segmentation of cell nuclei in fine needle aspirates of the breast. (1998)

Automated segmentation image analysis techniques were effective, and the classifier was quick, simple and efficacious in malignant-benign discrimination.
Adjustment of insulin doses of diabetic patients during long distance flights. (1990)

Spontaneous haemoperitoneum is an uncommon but dramatic surgical emergency. In areas with a high incidence of hepatoma it often results from rupture of the tumour.' Control of bleeding in such patients is often difficult, and the mortality is high.' 2 We report on three patients with ruptured hepatoma who were successfully treated by injection of alcohol.