gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LEVINSTEIN MUSTARD GAS. V. THE ACTION OF CHLORINE AND SULFUR CHLORIDES ON THE bis(2-CHLOROETHYL) POLYSULFIDES<sup>1</sup> (1946)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLEVINSTEIN MUSTARD GAS. V. THE ACTION OF CHLORINE AND SULFUR CHLORIDES ON THE bis(2-CHLOROETHYL) POLYSULFIDES1REYNOLD C. FUSON, DONALD M. BURNESS, ROBERT E. FOSTER, and ROBERT D. LIPSCOMBCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1946, 11, 5, 499–503Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1946Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1946https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01175a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01175a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views147Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fully Codon-Optimized <i>luciferase</i> Uncovers Novel Temperature Characteristics of the <i>Neurospora</i> Clock (2007)

We report the complete reconstruction of the firefly luciferase gene, fully codon optimized for expression in Neurospora crassa. This reporter enhances light output by approximately 4 log orders over that with previously available versions, now producing light that is visible to the naked eye and sufficient for monitoring the activities of many poorly expressed genes. Time lapse photography of strains growing in race tubes, in which the frq or eas/ccg-2 promoter is used to drive luciferase, shows the highest levels of luciferase activity near the growth front and newly formed conidial bands. Further, we have established a sorbose medium colony assay that will facilitate luciferase-based screens. The signals from sorbose-grown colonies of strains in which the frq promoter drives luciferase exhibit the properties of circadian rhythms and can be tracked for many days to weeks. This reporter now makes it possible to follow the clock in real time, even in strains or under conditions in which the circadian rhythm in conidial banding is not expressed. This property has been used to discover short, ca. 15-h period rhythms at high temperatures, at which banding becomes difficult to observe in race tubes, and to generate a high-resolution temperature phase-response curve.
Inhibition of HIV‐1 Replication in Human Lymphoid Tissues Ex Vivo by Measles Virus (2005)

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) type 1 replication and disease progression are enhanced by various pathogens in coinfected individuals. However, acute infection with measles virus (MV) has been found to suppress HIV-1 replication in coinfected children. We investigated the mechanisms of this phenomenon using human lymphoid tissues coinfected ex vivo with HIV-1 and MV. MV inhibited both CXCR4-tropic (X4) and CCR5-tropic (R5) HIV-1, but the inhibitory effect was particularly profound for R5 virus, which transmits infection and dominates the early stages of HIV-1 disease. MV inhibits the replication of R5 HIV-1 in coinfected tissues by up-regulation of the CC chemokine RANTES, a well-known inhibitor of R5 HIV-1 infection, and this up-regulation is augmented in tissues coinfected with R5 HIV-1. Deciphering the molecular mechanisms by which MV and other pathogens alter local cytokine/chemokine networks and cause tissue microenvironments to become detrimental to HIV-1 may significantly contribute to the development of effective anti-HIV therapies.
Oxidation in Nonclassical Organolanthanide Chemistry:  Synthesis, Characterization, and X-ray Crystal Structures of Cerium(III) and -(IV) Amides (2003)

[Ce(NR(2))(3)] (R = SiMe(3)) with TeCl(4) in tetrahydrofuran solution gave a mixture of two major products in a combined yield of ca. 50% based on available metal: (i) the Ce(IV) amide [CeCl(NR(2))(3)] (1), which was isolated as purple needles and identified on the basis of (1)H NMR and mass spectra, microanalysis, and a single-crystal X-ray analysis [C(18)H(54)CeClN(3)Si(6), rhombohedral, R3c (No. 161), a = b = 18.4508(7) A, c = 16.8934(7) A, Z = 6]; (ii) unstable [[Ce(NR(2))(2)(mu-Cl)(thf)](2)] (2), as colorless blocks [C(32)H(88)Ce(2)Cl(2)N(4)O(2)Si(8), monoclinic, P2(1)/n (No. 14), a = 14.506(3) A, b = 13.065(3) A, c = 16.779(3) A, beta = 113.789(12) degrees, Z = 2], which readily disproportionated in solution. In toluene solution, the product 1 was obtained exclusively. The same cerium(III) amide starting material was oxidized by PBr(2)Ph(3) in diethyl ether solution to give purple [CeBr(NR(2))(3)] (3) [C(18)H(54)BrCeN(3)Si(6), rhombohedral, R3c (No. 161), a = b = 18.4113(12) A, c = 16.9631(17) A, Z = 6], along with presumed [CeBr(3)(OEt(2))(n)()], which has not been characterized but with thf, by displacement of the ether ligands, gave [CeBr(3)(thf)(4)] (4) [C(16)H(32)Br(3)CeO(4), triclinic, P1 (No. 2), a = 8.2536(7) A, b = 9.4157(5) A, c = 15.5935(14) A, alpha = 79.009(5), beta = 87.290(3) degrees, gamma = 74.835(5) degrees, Z = 2). TeBr(4) reacted with [Ce(NR(2))(3)] in thf to give small amounts of 3; the major product (although only formed in 15% yield) was monomeric [CeBr(2)(NR(2))(thf)(3)] (5) [C(18)H(42)Br(2)CeNO(3)Si(2), monoclinic, P2(1)/c (No. 14), a = 14.9421(4) A, b = 11.8134(5) A, c = 15.8317(7) A, alpha = gamma = 120 degrees, beta = 92.185(3) degrees, Z = 4].
Therapeutic apheresis: A review of complications and recommendations for Prevention and management (2011)

Therapeutic apheresis procedures are a form of extracorporeal therapy that use different techniques to separate blood into the different components out of which the part containing the etiological agent in a disease process is discarded and the rest of the components of blood are re-infused into the patient, frequently with the addition of a replacement fluid or volume. These complex procedures have inherent risks of adverse events and factors that may impact on the incidence these events include the underlying disease state, anticoagulation techniques, replacement fluid type including the volume, issues related to the vascular access used, and the therapeutic apheresis procedure type and technique. We present a representative case based review of common complications of therapeutic apheresis and suggestions about how to prevent or manage these as presented at the 2010 Therapeutic Apheresis Academy.
Disposition of (3H) benzoylnorecgonine (cocaine metabolite) in the rat. (1976)

The preparation and disposition of (3H) benzoylnorecgonine, which has potent stimulant activity intracisternally in the rat, has been described. The T1/2 of (3H) benzoylnorecgonine in brain and plasma of rats injected with a 10 mg kg-1 i.v. dose were 3.0, 1.2 h respectively. The ratio of mean peak concentration in brain to that in plasma was 0.03. No metabolites of benzoylnorecgonine were observed in rat brain. The mean percentage of dose excreted in urine and feces in 96 h were 85 and 2.2, respectively, with major excretion (82.5%) occurring within 24 h in urine. Approximately 90% of the radioactivity in urine was due to unmetabolised benzoylnorecgonine and 10% due to an unidentified metabolite. Norecgonine was not detected as a urinary metabolite.
Navigational plans for data integration (1999)

We consider the problem of building data integration systems when the data sources are webs of data, rather than sets of relations. Previous approaches to modeling data sources are inappropriate in this context because they do not capture the relationships between linked data and the need to navigate through paths in the data source in order to obtain the data. We describe a language for modeling data sources in this new context. We show that our language has the required expressive power, and that minor extensions to it would make query answering intractable. We provide a sound and complete algorithm for reformulating a user query into a query over the data sources, and we show how to create query execution plans that both query and navigate the data sources. Introduction The purpose of data integration is to provide a uniform interface to a multitude of data sources. Data integration applications arise frequently as corporations attempt to provide their customers and employees wit...
Identification of functional single nucleotide polymorphism of <i>Populus trichocarpa PtrEPSP‐TF</i> and determination of its transcriptional effect (2020)

In plants, the phenylpropanoid pathway is responsible for the synthesis of a diverse array of secondary metabolites that include lignin monomers, flavonoids, and coumarins, many of which are essential for plant structure, biomass recalcitrance, stress defense, and nutritional quality. Our previous studies have demonstrated that <i>Populus trichocarpa</i> PtrEPSP-TF, an isoform of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate 3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase, has transcriptional activity and regulates phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in <i>Populus</i>. In this study, we report the identification of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of <i>PtrEPSP-TF</i> that defines its functionality. <i>Populus</i> natural variants carrying this SNP were shown to have reduced lignin content. Here, we demonstrated that the SNP-induced substitution of 142nd amino acid (PtrEPSP-TF<sup>D142E</sup>) dramatically impairs the DNA-binding and transcriptional activity of PtrEPSP-TF. When introduced to a monocot species rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>) in which an EPSP synthase isoform with the DNA-binding helix-turn-helix (HTH) motif is absent, the PtrEPSP-TF, but not PtrEPSP-TF<sup>D142E</sup>, activated genes in the phenylpropanoid pathway. More importantly, heterologous expression of <i>PtrEPSP-TF</i> uncovered five new transcriptional regulators of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in rice. Collectively, this study identifies the key amino acid required for PtrEPSP-TF functionality and provides a strategy to uncover new transcriptional regulators in phenylpropanoid biosynthesis.
1. 서 론2. 미세 조직 영상분석을 위한 프로그램3. 미세 조직 사진에 대한 고상율 측정4. 결과 및 검토5. 결 론참고문헌 (2001)

Many products related to automobile and airplane have been manufactured by semi―solid process. There are many parameters in semi-solid process such as punch velocity, die temperature, and solid fraction of material. Among these parameters, solid fraction of material is one of the most important factors to determine quality of product. To obtain solid fraction of a certain semi-solid product is very necessary and useful for inspecting and analyzing the product. In this paper, image analysis program for microstructure by semi-solid forming process has been developed with the simple apparatus such as a personal computer and scanner, instead of expensive image analyzer.
Comparative analysis and development of new approach for random testing (2014)

Testing is the process of finding errors in a system or its component. It runs a system in order to find gaps or bugs. It also checks that system is fulfilling its requirement or not. During execution of software testing randomized algorithm is used to generate test cases. It generates random number of choices during test cases execution to produce a result. It selects test cases from the whole input set randomly. The process of test cases generation can be minimized using randomized algorithm. For generating test cases uses two types of randomized algorithm. We used different randomized algorithm on the basis of complexity of code. If the complexity is low then use Monte Carlo randomized algorithm because it has deterministic running time, but whose output may be incorrect with little probability. Las Vegas randomized algorithm is use for high complexity uses because it always gives the correct result. This algorithm compares the correlation between two far inputs and failure-causing inputs. It can avoid complex analysis and calculation of code. In this we focuses on various randomized testing algorithms and its working and functions. We present a method that improves performance random test generation by incorporating result obtained from executing test cases.
Neuroanatomical and functional analysis of neural tube formation in notochordless <i>Xenopus</i> embryos; laterality of the ventral spinal cord is lost (1991)

Notochordless Xenopus embryos were produced by u.v. irradiation of the uncleaved fertilized egg. The spinal cords were examined using intermediate filament staining for glial cells, retrograde HRP staining for neuronal morphology and an anti-glycinergic antibody to reveal commissural cells and axons. The floorplate cells of the normal cord appear to be absent and their position along the ventral midline of the cord is occupied by motor neurones, Kolmer-Agduhr cells, radial glial cells and a ventrally placed marginal zone containing the longitudinal axons. Motor neurone number is reduced to 15% of control values, and the sensory extramedullary cell number is increased twentyfold. Commissural axons are still able to cross the ventral cord but do so at abnormal angles and some commissural axons continue to grow circumferentially up the contralateral side of the cord rather than turning to grow longitudinally. Extracellular electrophysiological recordings from motor axons reveal that the normal alternation of locomotor activity on the left and right side of the embryo is lost in notochordless animals. These results suggest that the notochord and/or the normal floor plate structure are important for the development of the laterality of spinal cord connections and may influence motor neurone proliferation or differentiation.
Crystallographic and Dielectric Properties of Ferroelectric A<sub>2</sub>B<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub> (A=Sr, B=Ta, Nb) Crystals and Their Solid Solutions (1975)

Single crystals of Sr 2 Ta 2 O 7 and Sr 2 Nb 2 O 7 are grown by a floating zone technique. Strontium tantalate belongs to D 2 h 14 or D 2 h 17 space group at room temperature. Ferroelectric phase transition temperature is -107°C. The Curie-Weiss temperature θ 0 and the Curie constant C P are: θ 0 =161 K(=-112°C) and C P =0.84×10 5 K. Spontaneous polarization and coercive field are 1.9 µC/cm 2 and 0.4 kV/cm at -190°C, respectively. Strontium niobate belongs to C 2υ 12 space group at room temperature. Its ferroelectric phase transition occurs at T c =1342±2°C, with θ 0 = T c and C P =1.2×10 5 K, and second phase transition occurs at -156°C. Solid solution Sr 2 (Ta 1- x ·Nb x ) 2 O 7 exists in the entire composition range and its ferroelectric phase transition temperature increases markedly from -107°C to 1342°C, according to the increase of x . Phase transition temperatures of other solid solutions, partially replacing Sr by Ca, Pb or Ba, are also studied on ceramic samples.
Biot-Gardner, theory of extensional waves in porous rods (1986)

Abstract Many measurements have been made on fluid-saturated porous rods executing extensional, flexural, and torsional motion. Measurements for extensional and flexural motion yield a loss parameter for Young's modulus waves Q Y , and the measurement for torsional motion yields Q S for shear waves. Q P has then been calculated for compressional waves in bulk rock, on the assumption that the fluid-saturated rock is an isotropic solid. I point out the fallacy of computing Q p from these measurements and also urge workers to recognize the losses due to simple fluid viscosity in interpreting their data on extensional waves in rods. By application of published theory, I show that peaks in attenuation of extensional waves are to be expected at frequencies of several hertz to several kilohertz, depending upon rod radius. Computed curves are compared with published measurements on Navajo sandstone saturated with water, ethanol, and n-decane. In each case, computed peak frequency agrees with published measurements. Shift of the peak frequency with temperature from 4 degrees C to 25 degrees C is due to change of viscosity of the saturating fluid (water).
Fluidized Combustion Process for Regeneration of Spent Zinc Chloride Catalysts (1969)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluidized Combustion Process for Regeneration of Spent Zinc Chloride CatalystsClyde W. Zielke, Robert T. Struck, and Everett GorinCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1969, 8, 4, 552–558Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1969Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1969https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260032a019https://doi.org/10.1021/i260032a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views43Altmetric-Citations5LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Oxidative Cyclization of 2-Arylphenols to Dibenzofurans under Pd(II)/Peroxybenzoate Catalysis (2011)

2-Arylphenols undergo intramolecular C-H bond activation/C-O bond formation to afford dibenzofuran derivatives under palladium catalysis in the presence of tert-butyl peroxybenzoate as an oxidant. Kinetic isotope effect experiments indicated that C-H bond cleavage is the rate-limiting step of the reaction.
Incidence of colonization, nosocomial pneumonia, and mortality in critically ill patients using a Trach Care™ closed-suction system versus an open-suction system (1990)

Eighty-four intubated, mechanically ventilated patients were prospectively evaluated for incidences of colonization and nosocomial pneumonias dependent on whether they received endotracheal suctioning by an "open" suction method vs. "closed" suction (Trach Care Closed Suction System) method. Results show that closed suctioning is associated with a significant (67% vs. 39% p less than .02) increase in colonization compared with open suctioning. However, difference in the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia was not significantly (26% vs. 29%) different between closed and open suctioning. Differences in severity of illness (Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System), age, sex, presence of NG tubes, use of H2 antagonists or antacids, use of antibiotics, and history of smoking were all nonsignificant. Survival analysis demonstrated that the probability of survival without developing nosocomial pneumonia was greater among closed-suctioning patients vs. open-suctioned patients (p less than .03). This study shows that suctioning performed via the Trach Care closed-suction system increases the incidence of colonization but not the incidence of nosocomial pneumonia, and may actually decrease mortality when compared with open-suction systems.
Convective patterns of flow during inspiration (1973)

Studies were carried out in clear, elastic, cast replicas of the normal human airway system (from the mouth to subsegmental bronchi) to determine the fluid dynamic parameters pertinent to aerosol transport and deposition. The velocity organizations (local magnitude and directions), pressures (dynamic and static), and flow instabilities were measured and compared to theoretical predictions.
Phenotype of the Obese Koletsky (<i>f</i>) Rat Due to Tyr763Stop Mutation in the Extracellular Domain of the Leptin Receptor (Lepr): Evidence for Deficient Plasma-to-CSF Transport of Leptin in Both the Zucker and Koletsky Obese Rat (1997)

The obese phenotypes of the diabetes (db) mouse and fatty fa) rat are due to functional null mutations of the leptin receptor (Lepr). The recessive mutation in the Koletsky (f) obese rat maps to the same genetic intervals as db and fa and fails to complement the fa mutation. Comparison of the sequence of brain Lepr cDNA from +/+ and f/f animals reveals a T2349A transversion resulting in a Tyr763Stop nonsense mutation in the gene just before the transmembrane domain. Virtual absence of Lepr mRNA in whole brain from f/f animals is consistent with the presence of a null mutation. The predicted reduced cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) transport of leptin in both f/f and fa/fa mutants is reflected in the approximately 10-fold lower ratio of CSF/plasma leptin concentration in the obese versus lean animals. However, equivalent CSF leptin concentration between lean and obese rats (fa/fa, f/f) indicates that leptin can enter the CSF through a non-Lepr-mediated mechanism, which may be saturated at normal physiological plasma leptin concentration.
Homogeneous Scoring of Single-Nucleotide Polymorphisms: Comparison of the 5′-Nuclease TaqMan <sup>®</sup> Assay and Molecular Beacon Probes (2000)

Homogeneous assays based on real-time fluorescence monitoring during PCR are relevant alternatives for large-scale genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). We compared the performance of the homogeneous TaqMan 5'-nuclease assay and the Molecular Beacon assay using three SNPs in the human estrogen receptor gene as targets. When analyzing a panel of 90 DNA samples, both assays yielded a comparable power of discrimination between the genotypes of a C-to-T transition in codon 10 and a G-to-A transition in codon 594 of the estrogen receptor gene. The Molecular Beacon probes distinguished better than the TaqMan probes between homozygous and heterozygous genotypes of a C-to-G transversion in codon 325. The sensitivity of detecting one allele, present as a minority in a mixed sample, varied between the SNPs and was similar for both assays. With the Molecular Beacon assay, the measured signal ratios were proportional to the amount of the minor allele over a wider range than with the TaqMan assay at all three SNPs.