gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct growth of large-area graphene and boron nitride heterostructures by a co-segregation method (2015)

Graphene/hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) vertical heterostructures have recently revealed unusual physical properties and new phenomena, such as commensurate-incommensurate transition and fractional quantum hall states featured with Hofstadter's butterfly. Graphene-based devices on h-BN substrate also exhibit high performance owing to the atomically flat surface of h-BN and its lack of charged impurities. To have a clean interface between the graphene and h-BN for better device performance, direct growth of large-area graphene/h-BN heterostructures is of great importance. Here we report the direct growth of large-area graphene/h-BN vertical heterostructures by a co-segregation method. By one-step annealing sandwiched growth substrates (Ni(C)/(B, N)-source/Ni) in vacuum, wafer-scale graphene/h-BN films can be directly formed on the metal surface. The as-grown vertically stacked graphene/h-BN structures are demonstrated by various morphology and spectroscopic characterizations. This co-segregation approach opens up a new pathway for large-batch production of graphene/h-BN heterostructures and would also be extended to the synthesis of other van der Waals heterostructures.
Performance analysis of application-level multicast routing algorithms for supporting multipoint interaction synchronization (2009)

Multipoint Video Conferencing (MVC) where multiple participants can be simultaneous sources of video requires low-delay, low packet loss and multipoint interaction synchronization. However, the synchronization issue is ignored by existing application-level multicast schemes and usually, it is addressed by a dedicated synchronizing controller at each peer. The controller needs to implement complicated time-consuming operations to synchronize multiple interactive media streams. Unlike the existing application-level multicast schemes, this paper introduces an idea that the synchronization problem is solved in the process of application-level multicast routing, without using the dedicated synchronizing controller. Furthermore, the low-delay multicast communication is achieved on base of the idea. The contributions of this paper include: 1.the concept that application-level multicast routing algorithms support multipoint interaction synchronization is defined by us; 2.an effective lowdelay multicast routing algorithm that supports multipoint interaction synchronization is proposed; 3.performance analysis of our algorithm and the existing similar algorithm is carried out. Finally, simulation experiments demonstrate our algorithm is correct and effective.
Tracking laser radar for 3-D shape measurements of large industrial objects based on time-of-flight laser rangefinding and position-sensitive detection techniques (1994)

A tracking laser radar device is proposed for the 3-D measurement of the shapes of large industrial objects. The measuring system includes a servo-controlled measuring head and small reflectors attached to the object. The sensor consists of a tracking sensor, a pulsed time-of-flight rangefinder and angle encoders. The implementation of the tracking sensor and its test results are explained in detail. Tracking is accomplished by illuminating the reflectors of the target object and focusing the reflected light on the surface of a four-quadrant (4Q) position-sensitive detector, the signals of which are used to drive the servo motors of the measuring head. The test results show a tracking sensor resolution of about 0.003 mm (/spl sigma/ value) and bias of about /spl plusmn/0.1 mm when the distance and angle of the target reflector vary in the ranges 2-5 m and /spl plusmn/45/spl deg/, respectively. The pointing accuracy of the tracking system was better than /spl plusmn/0.3 mm.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a Laboratory EXAFS Facility (1983)

An EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) spectrometer incorporating a rotating anode X-ray source and standard optics with flat crystal is decreibed. By using a solid state detector to prevent harmonics and fast detection electronics to achieve a high count rate, we found that the conventional spectrometer can supply EXAFS spectra accurate enough for practical analysis. The systematic errors involved in EXAFS measurement are discussed in relation to the improvements designed into the present system.
Machine learning modelling of blood lipid biomarkers in familial hypercholesterolaemia versus polygenic/environmental dyslipidaemia (2021)

Familial hypercholesterolaemia increases circulating LDL-C levels and leads to premature cardiovascular disease when undiagnosed or untreated. Current guidelines support genetic testing in patients complying with clinical diagnostic criteria and cascade screening of their family members. However, most of hyperlipidaemic subjects do not present pathogenic variants in the known disease genes, and most likely suffer from polygenic hypercholesterolaemia, which translates into a relatively low yield of genetic screening programs. This study aims to identify new biomarkers and develop new approaches to improve the identification of individuals carrying monogenic causative variants. Using a machine-learning approach in a paediatric dataset of individuals, tested for disease causative genes and with an extended lipid profile, we developed new models able to classify familial hypercholesterolaemia patients with a much higher specificity than currently used methods. The best performing models incorporated parameters absent from the most common FH clinical criteria, namely apoB/apoA-I, TG/apoB and LDL1. These parameters were found to contribute to an improved identification of monogenic individuals. Furthermore, models using only TC and LDL-C levels presented a higher specificity of classification when compared to simple cut-offs. Our results can be applied towards the improvement of the yield of genetic screening programs and corresponding costs.
Colestilan decreases weight gain by enhanced NEFA incorporation in biliary lipids and fecal lipid excretion (2013)

Bile acid sequestrants (BASs) are cholesterol-lowering drugs that also affect hyperglycemia. The mechanism by which BASs exert these and other metabolic effects beyond cholesterol lowering remains poorly understood. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of a BAS, colestilan, on body weight, energy expenditure, and glucose and lipid metabolism and its mechanisms of action in high-fat-fed hyperlipidemic APOE*3 Leiden (E3L) transgenic mice. Mildly insulin-resistant E3L mice were fed a high-fat diet with or without 1.5% colestilan for 8 weeks. Colestilan treatment decreased body weight, visceral and subcutaneous fat, and plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels but increased food intake. Blood glucose and plasma insulin levels were decreased, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp analysis demonstrated improved insulin sensitivity, particularly in peripheral tissues. In addition, colestilan decreased energy expenditure and physical activity, whereas it increased the respiratory exchange ratio, indicating that colestilan induced carbohydrate catabolism. Moreover, kinetic analysis revealed that colestilan increased [(3)H]NEFA incorporation in biliary cholesterol and phospholipids and increased fecal lipid excretion. Gene expression analysis in liver, fat, and muscle supported the above findings. In summary, colestilan decreases weight gain and improves peripheral insulin sensitivity in high-fat-fed E3L mice by enhanced NEFA incorporation in biliary lipids and increased fecal lipid excretion.
Molecular Mechanism of Oxygen Isotopic Exchange over Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalyst VO<sub><i>x</i></sub>/TiO<sub>2</sub> (2013)

Detailed molecular mechanisms of oxygen isotopic exchange over VOx/TiO2 catalyst following the R0, R1, and R2 mechanisms were studied using periodic DFT analysis of possible pathways by the CI-NEB method. The electronic structures of surface VOx species formed on the VOx/TiO2 model surface after interaction of molecular oxygen with fully oxidized O═V5+–O–V5+═O sites and reduced V3+–O–V3+ sites were analyzed. We found a number of metastable surface structures that are potential intermediates in the exchange reaction pathways. We present evidence that adsorption of two gas-phase oxygen molecules on a reduced V3+–O-V3+ site leads to the formation of a superoxide complex, followed by its transformation into a peroxide complex with low activation energy about E* = 0.04 eV (0.92 kcal/mol). Subsequent transformation of this surface superoxide-peroxide species follows the Langmuir–Hinshelwood mechanism without participation of lattice oxygen along the R0 reaction pathway. We demonstrate that adsorption of molecular oxygen on fully oxidized O═V5+–O–V5+═O sites results in the formation of either monodentate V<(O3) or bidentate V<(O3)>V surface ozonide species. Their subsequent transformations result in oxygen isotopic exchange following the R1 or R2 mechanisms with the activation energies in the range of 1.44 to 1.64 eV for the R1 mechanism and 1.81 eV for the R2 one. These processes follow the Eley–Rideal mechanism with participation of one or two lattice oxygen atoms, correspondingly.
Slice Group Based Multiple Description Video Coding with Three Motion Compensation Loops (2005)

The paper proposes a novel scheme for a multiple description video coding approach using the slice group coding tool proposed in H.264. Three motion compensation loops, one central and two side loops, are maintained for two descriptions in the encoder. The central encoder is exactly the same as the basic single description encoder, while the side encoders use information from the main encoder to do the motion compensation with an easily controlled amount of redundancy. If there is no loss, this scheme is completely standard compliant and needs no further processing at the decoder side. The rate-distortion of the side encoders can be controlled in a very large dynamic range, so that redundancy can be easily managed with specific requirements of bitrate or side quality, unlike some other MDC methods with fixed redundancy. Results show that our scheme works with better performance and more flexibility than that of D. Wang et al. (see Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. Image Process., 2004), which is a 2 loop slice group based MDC, and maintains very good subjective quality.
Effects of Stimulus Complexity On Identification and Categorization (1989)

Data are presented showing that humans and non-humans are severely limited in their ability to identify stimuli that vary along a single dimension. Increasing the dimensionality of spatially undifferentiated stimuli improves performance. However, this improvement is trivial compared to that observed when spatially complex stimuli, such as pictures, are presented for identification. The theoretical account of memory and decision processes presented here suggests that, while the number of items that can be held in working memory varies among species, the number of items that can be identified depends more upon the characteristics of the stimuli than upon the organism making the identification.
Electrogenic light reactions in photosystem I: resolution of electron-transfer rates between the iron-sulfur centers. (1995)

Flash-induced voltage changes (electrogenic events) in photosystem I particles from spinach, oriented in a phospholipid layer, have been studied at room temperature on a time scale ranging from 1 micros to several seconds. A phospholipid layer containing photosystem I particles was adsorbed to a Teflon film separating two aqueous compartments. Voltage changes were measured across electrodes immersed in the compartments. In the absence of added electron donors and acceptors, a multiphasic voltage increase, associated with charge separation, was followed by a decrease, associated with charge recombination. Several kinetic phases were resolved: a rapid (<1 micros) increase, ascribed to electron transfer from the primary electron donor P700 to the iron-sulfur electron acceptor FB, was followed by a slower, biphasic increase with time constants of 30 and 200 micros. The 30-micros phase is assigned to electron transfer from FB to the iron-sulfur center FA. The voltage decrease had a time constant of 90 ms, ascribed to charge recombination from FA to P700. Upon chemical prereduction of FA and FB the 30- and 200-micros phases disappeared and the decay time constant was accelerated to 330 micros, assigned to charge recombination from the phylloquinone electron acceptor (A1) or the iron-sulfur center FX to P700.
Development of a Colloidal Lithography Method for Patterning Nonplanar Surfaces (2010)

A colloidal lithography method has been developed for patterning nonplanar surfaces. Hexagonal noncontiguously packed (HNCP) colloidal particles 127 nm-2.7 μm in diameter were first formed at the air-water interface and then adsorbed onto a substrate coated with a layer of polymer adhesive ∼17 nm thick. The adhesive layer plays the critical role of securing the order of the particles against the destructive lateral capillary force generated by a thin film of water after the initial transfer of the particles from the air-water interface. The soft lithography method is robust and very simple to carry out. It is applicable to a variety of surface curvatures and for both inorganic and organic colloidal particles.
Subunits of human sex hormone binding globulin. Interindividual variation in size. (1987)

Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG), a dimeric plasma glycoprotein with a molecular mass of about 90 kDa, was purified from healthy individuals by a rapid two-step procedure using immunoaffinity chromatography on a monoclonal antibody column followed by fast protein liquid chromatography. The individual SHBGs so isolated were pure by several criteria, and the overall yield was usually about 20% according to radioimmunoassay. The isolated SHBGs were analyzed by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate which showed the SHBG isolated from most subjects to be composed of subunits of two different sizes (52 and 49 kDa) present in the approximate ratio of 10:1 (double-banded SHBG). The SHBG of the remaining subjects contained a third subunit with an estimated molecular mass of about 56 kDa (triple-banded SHBG). In this kind of SHBG, the two heavy subunits were present in approximately equal amounts, suggesting that individuals with triple-banded SHBG are heterozygotes for a genetic variant of the protein. The various subunits of SHBG were separated and individually subjected to amino-terminal amino acid sequence analysis. They all had a heterogeneous amino terminus, but since the sequences obtained seemed to be identical, the structural differences between the subunits would appear to reside in other parts of the molecules. On isoelectric focusing, both kinds of SHBG were resolved into about 10 components, all with steroid-binding activity. Differences were noted between double-banded and triple-banded SHBG, the latter having a greater abundance of acidic species. Screening of 121 healthy individuals by a procedure involving small-scale isolation of SHBG on an antibody column followed by Western blotting revealed that 20% of the subjects had triple-banded SHBG. This new variant of SHBG was found in persons of both sexes and in children as well as in adults.
Excimer laser phototherapeutic keratectomy : management of scars, dystrophies, and PRK complications (1997)

Excimer laser optics and corneal applications corneal anatomy, transparency and light scattering corneal wound healing after excimer keratectomy anterior corneal dystrophies corneal topography in phototherapeutic keratectomy preoperation and postpreoperative protocols PTK techniques for corneal dystrophies PTK techniques for elevated corneal nodules recurrent erosion syndrome - the role of phototherapeutic keratectomy preventing and managing associated complications of PTK clinical results with the summit technology excimer laser excimer laser photorefractive keratectomy for myopia - summary of the VISX and the summit experience.
‘<i>Homo politicus et regalis</i>’ (1989)

Thomas Starkey returned to England sometime before 13 December 1534 in order to make good his once abortive plan of entering royal service. By coincidence Starkey's career may almost serve as a barometer of the desperate struggle between Thomas Cromwell and the court conservatives. His relative prominence means a new embarrassment of evidence, or at least wildly disproportionate coverage of about two years of Starkey's life. When Starkey returned home he hoped to inspire a broadly based reform movement, just as he had in the Dialogue, and probably cared little who executed his policies. He also did not worry a great deal about what role fell to him, although his principal goal would appear to have been preaching. It seems that he looked to both Cromwell (probably because of the minister's well-known interest in intellectuals) and the conservatives, and both would disappoint him. Starkey approached Cromwell almost immediately, but only after he returned home, in contrast to Richard Morison who inundated the Secretary with requests for assistance from Italy. Starkey may already have been trying to distance himself from the nobility, probably largely because of his disappointment in Pole. In any case, he did not turn to Pole's friends for patronage, even while living in the Countess of Salisbury's London town house in Dowgate.
Optimized plasma preparation is essential to monitor platelet-stored molecules in humans (2017)

Platelets store a plethora of different molecules within their granules, modulating numerous pathways, not only in coagulation, but also in angiogenesis, wound healing, and inflammatory diseases. These molecules get rapidly released upon activation and therefore represent an easily accessible indirect marker for platelet activation. Accurate analysis of platelet-derived molecules in the plasma requires appropriate anticoagulation to avoid in vitro activation and subsequent degranulation of platelets, potentially causing artificially high levels and masking biologically relevant differences within translational research studies. However, there is still enormous heterogeneity among anticoagulants used to prevent unwanted platelet activation, so that plasma levels reported for platelet granule contents range over several orders of magnitude. To address this problem and to define the most robust method of plasma preparation to avoid in vitro platelet activation during processing, we compared plasma concentrations of the three platelet-stored factors thrombospondin (TSP-1), platelet factor 4 (PF4), and soluble P-selectin (sCD62P) between human blood samples anticoagulated with either citrate-theophylline-adenosine-dipyridamole (CTAD), acid-citrate-dextrose (ACD), citrate, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or heparin. Additionally, we assessed the effect of storage temperature and time between blood drawing and sample processing within the differentially anticoagulated samples. Our data strongly support the use of CTAD as anticoagulant for determining plasma concentrations of platelet-stored molecules, as anticoagulation with heparin or EDTA led to a 12.4- or 8.3-fold increase in plasma levels of PF4, respectively. Whereas ACD was similar effective as CTAD, citrate only showed comparable PF4 plasma levels when plasma was kept at 4°C. Moreover, blood sampling with CTAD as anticoagulant resulted in the most reproducible values, even when samples were processed at ambient temperature or after storage over 6 hours. In the latter case, anticoagulation with heparin or EDTA led to artificially high plasma levels indicative of in vitro platelet activation. Therefore, we want to raise scientific awareness for choosing CTAD as optimal anticoagulant for the detection of platelet-stored molecules in plasma.
Near Infrared Cut-Off Characteristics of Various Perovskite-Based Composite Films (2012)

Homogenous cesium tungsten tri-oxide (CsxWO3) and molybdenum tri-oxide (Cs0.33MoO3) powder was prepared by solvothermal reaction using (NH4)10H2(W2O7)6, H8MoN2O4 and Cs2CO3 aqueous solution followed by annealing. The cesium doped tungsten tri-oxide (CsxWO3) and the cesium doped molybdenum tri-oxide (CsxMoO3) nanocomposite films was deposited by the sol-gel bar-coating method onto PET-film (polyethylene terephthalate film, thickness 186 ㎛) substrate. The structure and sizes of ceramic particles was observed XRD and PSA spectrometer, the optical properties of their films were investigated by UV-VIS, NIR spectrometer. Synthesized particles typically formed cubic structure for good absorption of NIR, size observed as being 30-100 nm and 3 nanoparticles showed a high transmittance in the visible wavelength region as well as excellent shielding capability of near-infrared (NIR) wavelength, indicating that CsxWO3, Cs0.33MoO 3 nanoparticles have a appropriate characteristic as solar filter applications.
Low-Power High-Efficiency Class D Audio Power Amplifiers (2009)

The architecture, design, and implementation of two clock-free analog class D audio power amplifiers using 0.5 ¿m CMOS standard technology are introduced. The amplifiers are designed to consume significantly less power than former implementations. Both designs operate with a 2.7 V single voltage supply and deliver a maximum output power of 250 mW into an 8 ¿ speaker. The two class-D amplifiers are based on a hysteretic sliding mode controller, which avoids the complex task of generating the highly linear triangle carrier signal used in conventional architectures. The first design generates a two-level modulated signal, known as binary modulated amplifier (BMA); the second topology implements a three-level modulated signal, also called ternary modulated amplifier (TMA). The architectures and implementations are simple and compact, providing very low quiescent power consumption. Experimental results of the BMA/TMA yield an efficiency of 89/90% and a total harmonic distortion plus noise (THD+N) of 0.02/0.03%, respectively. The efficiency and linearity is comparable to state-of-the-art amplifiers but the static power consumption is less than one tenth of previous proposed architectures. Both class D amplifiers achieve a power supply rejection ratio greater than 75 dB at 217 Hz, and a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) higher than 90 dB within the whole audio band. Each amplifier occupies less than 1.5 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> .
Reconfigurable fabrication of scattering-free polymer network liquid crystal prism/grating/lens (2013)

We report a simple reconfigurable printing method for fabricating submillisecond-response and scattering-free polymer network liquid crystal photonic devices, such as prism, grating, and lens. To suppress light scattering in the visible region, we reduce the domain sizes by controlling polymer concentration, selecting a high viscosity liquid crystal (LC) host, and performing UV curing at a low temperature. To demonstrate the configurability, we printed a LC micro-prism array with ∼300-μm feature size and a circular lens with 1.3-mm radius without any pre-patterned templates. This reconfigurable printing technique enables fast design iterations and should have widespread applications for fabricating display and photonic devices.