gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Labilization of Ester Bonds in Aminocyclitol Derivatives. I. Derivatives of myo- and scyllo-Inositols and of Streptamine<sup>1</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLabilization of Ester Bonds in Aminocyclitol Derivatives. I. Derivatives of myo- and scyllo-Inositols and of Streptamine1G. F. Holland, R. C. Durant, S. L. Friess, and B. WitkopCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 22, 6031–6035Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01555a035https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01555a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views34Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Treatment of Polycythemia Vera with the Roentgen Ray (1939)

DURING the past 10 years, only eight cases of polycythemia vera were observed in the Radiation Therapy Clinic, at Bellevue Hospital. This indicated the relative infrequency of this blood disease which has proven satisfactorily amenable to x-ray therapy. Polycythemia vera should be distinguished from other conditions that produce an increase in the red cell count, which may be relative or absolute, the latter occurring as a primary or secondary condition. A relative increase in red cells and hemoglobin may be evidenced in the blood as a result of dehydration. Its existence is usually short-lived and easily recognizable. An absolute increase in both red cells and hemoglobin may be traceable to some definite etiological factor, and, if such be known, the disease is distinguishable from the true polycythemia. Secondary red count increases of known cause are found in individuals in high altitudes; also those with chronic pulmonary disease such as silicosis, and Ayerza's disease. The physiological explanation for absolute increase in red cells and hemoglobin lies in the need for ample oxygenation, which can be accomplished only by an increase in the elements capable of this function. A polycythemia in which no definite etiological factor can be isolated is the “vera” type. The literature discloses some cases in which tuberculosis of the spleen was associated with the disease, but there are other instances in which tuberculosis of the spleen is not accompanied by any blood phenomenon. While some maintain that the spleen has lost its erythrolytic power, the nature of the disease presumably does not lie in malfunction of the spleen, for splenectomy often induces merely a transitory elevation in the red cell count. Pathology.—Although the etiology of polycythemia vera cannot be determined, the pathological anatomy is constant. Hyperplasia of both the erythropoietic and leukopoietic centers in the bone marrow, with increased redness and engorgement, are present. Aside from its enlargement and engorgement, the spleen reveals no histological alterations. The blood vascular tree shows dilatation of the lumina, and there may be numerous hemorrhages, especially in the brain. Symptoms.—The symptomatology is variable. In four patients, pain, swelling, and tenderness in the legs were the dominant complaints. This picture is explained on the basis of venous channel dilatation which is enhanced by hydrostatic pressure in the lower extremities. Another patient, a 39-year-old male, presented as the chief complaint excessive sweating and morning headaches, both of two years' duration. Another, a 45-year-old female, complained of fullness in the head and spots before the eyes. Two patients had symptoms in the abdomen: one complained of pain in the left upper quadrant; the other stated that she had been aware of an abdominal tumor for 12 years. The tumor was the spleen.
Time-Frequency Signal Processing for Wireless Communications (2005)

This chapter is intended to relate recent advances in the field of time–frequency signal processing (TFSP) to the need for further capacity of wireless communications systems. It first presents, in a brief and heuristic approach, the fundamentals of TFSP. It then describes the TFSP-based methodologies that are used in wireless communications with special emphasis on spread-spectrum techniques and time–frequency array processing. Topics discussed include channel modeling and identification, estimation of scattering function, interference mitigation, direction of arrival estimation, time–frequency MUSIC, and time–frequency source separation. Finally, other emerging applications of TFSP to wireless communications are discussed.
Semmelweis’ present day follow-up: Updating bacterial sampling and enrichment in clinical hygiene (2006)

Potentially dangerous antibiotic resistant contaminants have permanently penetrated at least well-off western populations. The danger is so evident that some hospitals have started to refuse accepting patients who carry such bacteria. Sampling and enrichment measures in hygiene monitoring must be updated as they are corner stones in handling the problems and safeguarding the health care units. Their patients, when exposed to microorganisms are strenuous to treat. Sometimes even this fails, if the infections are spreading in weakened patients. The present review summarizes currently used technologies and the abilities of bacteria to avoid detection. Improved protocols on environmental monitoring in healthcare units are required. They should be comparable with contamination control in industries. Actually these measures in health care should be even stricter because human lives are directly endangered as the resistance of especially elderly patients is low.
Row-column addressed 2-D CMUT arrays with integrated apodization (2014)

Experimental results from row-column addressed capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs) with integrated apodization are presented. The apodization is applied by varying the density of CMUT cells in the array with the objective of damping the edge waves originating from the element ends. Two row-column addressed 32+32 CMUT arrays are produced using a wafer-bonding technique, one with and one without integrated apodization. Hydrophone measurements of the emitted pressure field from the array with integrated apodization show a reduction in edge wave energy of 8.4 dB (85 %) compared to the array without integrated apodization. Field II simulations yield a corresponding reduction of 13.0 dB (95 %). The simulations are able to replicate the measured pressure field, proving the predictability of the technique.
Gloss Preferences for Color Xerographic Prints (1996)

A survey was conducted to determine the level of gloss that customers prefer for xerographic color prints on various papers. Both pictorial and business graphics images were used in this survey. They were printed on two plain papers and three coated papers. The sample set consisted of six gloss levels, approximately uniformly spaced over a wide gloss range, on each of the five substrates. The sample set was evaluated by 67 observers divided into four distinct groups. The results of this survey indicate that a midrange gloss is preferred by a wide variety of observers, even when substrate gloss is low.
Production of C5a antagonist by synovial and peritoneal tissue fibroblasts (1986)

Fibroblasts grown from synovial and peritoneal tissues release into the medium an inhibitor of neutrophil chemotaxis. The inhibitor resembles the antagonist previously described in synovial and peritoneal fluids. It is a heat stable (56 degrees C) protein of MW approximately 40 kDa that counteracts the chemotactic activity of zymosan-activated serum or purified C5a but not the peptide chemoattractant F-met-leu-phe. No chemotactic inhibitor was detected in media from skin fibroblast cultures or in formal human sera. It is suggested that the inhibitor is produced locally by synovial and peritoneal fibroblasts and that it might play a role in the regulation of inflammation at sites lined with mesothelium.
All-<i>trans</i>-retinoic acid inhibition of transforming growth factor-β-induced collagen gel contraction mediated by human Tenon fibroblasts: role of matrix metalloproteinases (2015)

ATRA inhibited TGF-β-induced collagen gel contraction mediated by HTFs, likely in part by attenuating the production of MMP-1 and MMP-3 and by stimulating the production of TIMP-1. ATRA may therefore prove to be of clinical value for inhibition of scar formation in the conjunctiva.
The value of pancreatic pseudocyst amylase concentration in the detection of pseudocyst communication with the pancreatic duct. (1991)

The aims of the study were to compare the results of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and percutaneous cystopancreatography (PCP) in the detection of the communication between the pancreatic pseudocyst and the pancreatic duct, and to assess the reliability of the increased amylase concentration in the pseudocyst content as an indicator of the existence of communication between the pancreatic pseudocyst and the pancreatic duct system. Forty-three patients were included in the study. Pseudocystic fluid content was obtained by percutaneous aspiration. Twenty-four patients had pseudocyst amylase concentrations above 64 Wolgemuth units (WU), and 19 patients had less than 64 WU. The communication between pseudocyst and the pancreatic duct was determined in 22 patients by ERCP and in 13 patients by PCP, all in the group with increased pseudocyst amylase concentration. Due to high sensitivity and specificity of pseudocyst amylase concentration for the existence of pseudocyst communication with the pancreatic duct, we conclude that guided percutaneous aspiration of the pancreatic pseudocyst with the determination of amylase concentration in the fluid can replace ERCP as a method of choice for the detection of pseudocyst communication with the pancreatic duct.
Neural Network-Wavelet Microsimulation Model for Delay and Queue Length Estimation at Freeway Work Zones (2006)

Recently, the writers developed a new mesoscopic-wavelet model for simulating freeway traffic flow patterns and extracting congestion characteristics. As an extension of that research, in this paper, a new neural network-wavelet microsimulation model is presented to track the travel time of each individual vehicle for traffic delay and queue length estimation at work zones. The model incorporates the dynamics of a single vehicle in changing traffic flow conditions. The extracted congestion characteristics obtained from the mesoscopic-wavelet model are used in a Levenberg–Marquardt backpropagation (BP) neural network for classifying the traffic flow as free flow, transitional flow, and congested flow with stationary queue. The neural network model is trained using simulated data and tested using both simulated and real data. The computational model presented is applied to five examples of freeways with two and three lanes and one lane closure with varying entry flow or demand patterns. The new microsimulation model is more accurate than macroscopic models and substantially more efficient than microscopic models.
Variational principles, surface evolution, PDE's, level set methods and the stereo problem (2005)

We present a novel geometric approach for solving the stereo problem for an arbitrary number of images (greater than or equal to 2). It is based upon the definition of a variational principle that must be satisfied by the surfaces of the objects in the scene and their images. The Euler-Lagrange equations which are deduced from the variational principle provide a set of PDE's which are used to deform an initial set of surfaces which then move towards the objects to be detected. The level set implementation of these PDE's potentially provides an efficient and robust way of achieving the surface evolution and to deal automatically with changes in the surface topology during the deformation, i.e. to deal with multiple objects. Results of a two dimensional implementation of our theory are presented on synthetic and real images.
Towards Reaching Human Performance in Pedestrian Detection (2017)

Encouraged by the recent progress in pedestrian detection, we investigate the gap between current state-of-the-art methods and the "perfect single frame detector". We enable our analysis by creating a human baseline for pedestrian detection (over the Caltech pedestrian dataset). After manually clustering the frequent errors of a top detector, we characterise both localisation and background-versus-foreground errors. To address localisation errors we study the impact of training annotation noise on the detector performance, and show that we can improve results even with a small portion of sanitised training data. To address background/foreground discrimination, we study convnets for pedestrian detection, and discuss which factors affect their performance. Other than our in-depth analysis, we report top performance on the Caltech pedestrian dataset, and provide a new sanitised set of training and test annotations.
Enhancement of the CXCL12/CXCR4 axis due to acquisition of gemcitabine resistance in pancreatic cancer: effect of CXCR4 antagonists (2016)

Our findings demonstrate that the CXCL12-CXCR4 signaling axis plays an important role in PaCa cells' resistance to GEM. CXCR4 expression was significantly enhanced by the exposure to GEM in GEM-R PaCa cells but not in GEM-S PaCa cells. Furthermore, CXCR4 antagonists can inhibit the growth and invasion of GEM-R PaCa cells. These agents may be useful as second-line chemotherapy for GEM-R PaCa in the future.
Microbead-based biosensing in microfluidic devices (2011)

Microbeads are frequently used as a solid support to capture target analytes of interest, such as proteins and nucleic acids, from a biological sample. The integration of microbeads into microfluidic systems for biological testing is an area of growing interest. Such "lab-on-chip" systems are designed to integrate several functions of a conventional laboratory onto a single chip. As a platform to capture targets, beads offer several advantages over planar surfaces such as large surface areas to support biological interactions (increasing sensitivity), the availability of libraries of beads of various types from many vendors, and array-based formats capable of detecting multiple targets simultaneously (multiplexing). This dissertation describes the development and characterization of microbead-based biosensing devices. A customized hot embossing technique was used to stamp an array of microwells in a thin plastic substrate where appropriately functionalized agarose microbeads were selectively placed within a conduit. Functionalized quantum dot nanoparticles were pumped through the conduit and used as a fluorescent label to monitor binding to the bead. Three-dimensional finite element simulations were carried out to model the mass transfer and binding kinetics on the beads' surfaces and within the porous beads. The theoretical predictions were critically compared and favorably agreed with experimental observations. A novel method of bead pulsation was shown to improve binding kinetics in porous beads. In addition, the dissertation discusses other types of bead arrays and demonstrates alternative bead-based target capture and detection strategies. This work enhances our understanding of bead-based microfluidic systems and provides a design and optimization tool for developers of point-of-care, lab-on-chip devices for medical diagnosis, food and water quality inspection, and environmental monitoring.
CT imaging with iopromide liposomes in a rabbit model (2010)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the computed tomography (CT)-imaging potential of iopromide-carrying liposomes (SPC/CH/SPG, 6:3:1) of approximately 200 nm in diameter in healthy rabbits and in rabbits with implanted liver tumors in an intraindividual comparison with iopromide. Normal rabbits and animals with VX2 tumors implanted into the liver received iopromide (600 mg of iodine/kg, bolus injection) and, 1 or 2 days later, iopromide liposomes (300 mg of iodine/kg, bolus injection or 10-minute infusion). CT imaging up to 1 hour after administration was performed, focusing on the aorta, vena cava, kidney, spleen, and liver. Pharmacokinetic parameters for CT enhancement were calculated. Detectability and delineation of liver lesions were assessed on a 4-grade scale, and differences were evaluated statistically. Using half the iodine dose, iopromide liposomes achieved similar blood-pool enhancement as iopromide. Detectability and delineation of liver lesions were easy/good in the arterial phase after iopromide injection, but poor in the venous and equilibration phases. Iopromide liposomes resulted in a long-lasting, good detectability and delineation of liver lesions similar or superior to that observed after iopromide in the arterial phase.
CHARACTERIZATION OF A HUMAN ACUTE PHASE PROTEIN FOUND IN ASSOCIATION WITH RUBELLA VIRUS INFECTION (1974)

A precipitating antigen, rho, was first detected in the blood of persons with rubella and in rubella virus-infected cell culture fluids (1). Partially purified antigens from both sources were examined and shown to have similar properties, although antigen from serum sedimented more heterogeneously, with estimated coefficients from 15 to 21 S, while that from culture fluids sedimented in the 11-14 S region. In each case, antigen was located in the beta-1 zone after electrophoresis in agarose, and at a density of 1.305 g/ml after centrifugation in CsCl. Stability characteristics were typical of protein antigens. Immunofluorescent microscopy revealed that rubella virus induced the appearance of rho antigen scattered throughout the cytoplasm of infected cells. When cells containing antigen were exposed for 24 h to 5 microg/ml actinomycin D rho was no longer detectable, indicating the probable cellular origin of the antigen. Also, titers in medium of infected cultures showed a reduction after actinomycin treatment, but levels of the virus-specified antigen, iota, were relatively unaffected. Rho appears to be a protein common to man and many animals. In vitro, it was induced by rubella virus and by adenovirus. In vivo, rho titers were shown to be elevated after rubella virus infection and, to a lesser extent, after infection with certain other viruses. High titers were also demonstrated in women late in pregnancy and in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. In man and the chimpanzee, the appearance and decline of rho in the blood after rubella virus infection were temporally similar to the patterns of CRP, although rho seemed to be a more sensitive indicator of infection. The data presented indicate that rho is a newly recognized acute phase protein inducible by certain virus infections and by other unidentified stimuli present prominently in pregnancy and rheumatoid arthritis.
Calcium oxalate crystal deposition in necrotizing otomycosis caused by Aspergillus niger. (1993)

Numerous calcium oxalate crystals were present within fruiting heads of Aspergillus niger and among necrotic debris in a case of bilateral invasive otomycosis occurring in a diabetic female with end stage renal disease. This is the first report of in vivo calcium oxalate crystal deposition associated with Aspergillus niger at this anatomic site. The presence of localized oxalate crystals within necrotic tissue from the external auditory canal is presumptive of otomycosis caused by Aspergillus niger, and may serve as a diagnostic clue to the etiologic agent before histologic demonstration of hyphae or growth in culture.
FOCUSING PROPERTIES OF ACOUSTIC FRESNEL LENSES (1988)

The focusing properties of some types of acoustic Fresnel lenses, such as bevel-shaped, arc-shaped and phase compensation plates,, are studied theoretically and experimetally. A formula, which is convenient for numerical calculation of pressure and intensity distributions of focused fields formed by acoustic lenses with large aperture, is derived from the Huygens-Fresnel Principle by using a higher order of approximatio than Fresnel's. Both theoretical values and experimental results show that these types of lenses are of good focusing properties and their field distributions near the focus are approximately the same, but their gains vary a lot. For a case in which the F-number is 1.1 and the wavelength is 1.4 mm, the lateral resolution is 2 mm, the focal depth (3 dB) is 17 mm, and the first side lobe is 17 dB lower than the main lobe.
Controlled promotion of crystallization for application to multilevel phase-change memory (2012)

In this work, controlled promotion of crystallization was investigated for application to multilevel storage by using a vertical TiSi3/Ge2Sb2Te5/TiN cell with a thin phase-change layer. Finite element analysis exhibits that crystallization gradually proceeds with increasing applied current in the radial direction after a filament forms. Current-voltage (I-V) characteristics show that the device resistance corresponding to the crystallized area drops with increasing sweeping current. Eight resistance levels are demonstrated and their effective crystalline thicknesses are estimated from fitting of I-V curves in the subthreshold regime on the basis of the trap-limited model.