gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Low Temperature Solution-Phase Deposition of SnS Thin Films (2014)

The solution-phase deposition of inorganic semiconductors\nis a promising, scalable method for the manufacture of\nthin film photovoltaics. Deposition of photovoltaic materials\nfrom molecular or colloidal inks offers the possibility of\ninexpensive, rapid, high-throughput thin film fabrication\nthrough processes such as spray coating. For example, CdTe,\nCu(In,Ga)(S,Se)_2 (CIGS), and CH_3NH_3Pb(Cl,I)_3 perovskite-based\nthin film solar cells have been previously deposited using\nsolution-based processes. Inks have also recently been\ndeveloped for the solution deposition of Cu_2ZnSn(S,Se)_4\n(CZTS) and FeS_2 (iron pyrite) absorber layers for thin film\nsolar applications, in order to provide sustainable alternatives to\nmaterials that contain environmentally harmful heavy metals\n(e.g., Cd, Pb) and/or scarce elements (e.g., Te, In).
Raman Chemical Imaging:  Histopathology of Inclusions in Human Breast Tissue (1996)

High-definition Raman chemical imaging microscopy is applied to the histopathological characterization of biopsied human breast tissue containing foreign polymer inclusions. The polymer material is found in a patient with a history of silicone implant breast reconstructive surgery. Silicone implants are, on occasion, anchored to the soft tissues of the chest with polyester patches. In the case studied here, the polyester anchors were incorporated into the patient's fibrous tissue surrounding the implant. High-definition Raman chemical imaging provides molecular-specific image contrast in the complex breast tissue matrix without the use of stains or dyes. This is the first example in which Raman spectroscopic imaging microscopy has been applied to pathology. A goal of this and future studies is to complement traditional histopathologic diagnoses of disease states utilizing vibrational spectroscopic imaging techniques.
All-optical neuromorphic computing in optical networks of semiconductor lasers (2016)

Networks of interconnected nodes are at the heart of every neural network concept. While neural networks have been implemented in various hardware systems, the efficient realization of such networks still represents a major challenge. We demonstrate the implementation of an all-optical network scheme based on holographic coupling and induce complex spatio-temporal transients with Gigahertz bandwidth. Our scheme illustrates the potential of such all-optical systems for future neural network implementations.
The Quantified Brain: A Framework for Mobile Device-Based Assessment of Behavior and Neurological Function (2016)

Citation: Stark DE; Kumar RB; Longhurst CA; Wall DP. The Quantified Brain: A Framework for Mobile Device Based Assessment of Behavior and Neurological Function.
The effect of microwave radiation on the stability and formation of gramicidin‐A channels in lipid bilayer membranes (1991)

The effects of microwaves on the single-channel kinetics of gramicidin-A channels in lipid bilayer membranes were examined. Attempts were made to separate thermal and athermal effects by accurate measurements of temperature at the site of the membrane and by relating the measured parameters to their previously characterized temperature dependence. It was found that microwave radiation does not affect single-channel conductance or channel life time to a degree that is significantly different from that expected of a purely thermal effect. On the other hand, the rate of channel formation is decreased during exposure, which is opposite to that expected of a purely thermal effect. The mechanism of this effect is discussed in terms of the dimerization process of channel formation.
A packet based method for passive performance monitoring (2014)

This document describes a passive method to perform packet loss, delay
and jitter measurements on live traffic. This method is based on
Alternate Marking (Coloring) technique. A report on the operational
experiment done at Telecom Italia is explained in order to give an
example and show the method applicability. This technique can be
applied in various situations as detailed in this document. The
previous IETF drafts about this technique were: [I-D.cociglio-mboned-
multicast-pm] and [I-D.tempia-opsawg-p3m].
Delivery of nanoparticles to brain metastases of breast cancer using a cellular Trojan horse (2012)

As systemic cancer therapies improve and are able to control metastatic disease outside the central nervous system, the brain is increasingly the first site of relapse. The blood-brain barrier (BBB) represents a major challenge to the delivery of therapeutics to the brain. Macrophages originating from circulating monocytes are able to infiltrate brain metastases while the BBB is intact. Here, we show that this ability can be exploited to deliver both diagnostic and therapeutic nanoparticles specifically to experimental brain metastases of breast cancer.
Instant messaging and presence technologies for college campuses (2005)

Instant messaging is an application that enables networked users to send and receive short messages. Presence provides information about users' reachability and willingness to accept/reject a brief chat session. Various proprietary IM and presence (IM&P) solutions are currently on the market, and standards are emerging. There are interoperability problems between the two dominant standards (SIMPLE and XMPP); as a result, this important application is finding difficulty in widespread deployment within college campuses and businesses. We describe a brief history of the development of IM&P technology discuss the current standardization work being done within IETF, and present an overall architecture of emerging standards. We provide a comparison between the SIP/SIMPLE and Jabber/XMPP standards. We also present data and its analysis from a survey of campus organizations that sheds light into the main issues of deploying, managing and provisioning of IM&P services on college campus.
A Planar Electrochemical Carbon Monoxide Sensor (1992)

A planar electrochemical sensor, comprised of three electrodes (working, counter, and reference) on an alumina substrate and a cast Nafion® film on them, was built and studied. The working and counterelectrodes were made with Pt, while the reference electrode was made with Au. The response was studied with both cyclic voltammetry and constant‐potential amperometry. The highest oxidation current was observed at 0.4 V vs. built‐in Au reference and was 0.04 nA/ppm. permeability of a Nafion® film was measured with a volumetric method. The sensitivity was calculated from the measured permeability. Comparing the observed and calculated sensitivities, the sensitivity of the present sensor was assumed to be governed by the permeation of through the Nafion® film.
Further observations to confirm the arrhythmia mechanism-specific effects of flunarizine. (1992)

In conscious dogs with chronic atrioventricular (AV) block, we recently demonstrated that flunarizine is effective against ouabain-induced arrhythmias (triggered activity resulting from delayed afterdepolarizations, DADs) but fails to suppress spontaneous ventricular tachycardias (VT) occurring 24 h after left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion (abnormal automaticity). Neither does flunarizine affect normal automaticity, which suggests that flunarizine could be used as a clinical tool to recognize cardiac arrhythmias based on triggered activity. To elucidate further the arrhythmia mechanism-specific action of flunarizine, we investigated (a) its hemodynamic and electrophysiologic effects in 6 anesthetized dogs, (b) its ability to prevent pacing-induced VT 7 days after myocardial infarction (reentry) in 9 anesthetized animals, and (c) its effect on premature escape beats (PEBs) in 9 conscious dogs with chronic AV block. PEBs are probably caused by DADs. Flunarizine decreased systemic blood pressure (p less than 0.01), and left ventricular dP/dt (p less than 0.01), but did not affect AH or HV internal, QRS duration, QT time, or the effective refractory period of either AV node or right ventricle over a wide range of (paced) cycle lengths. Flunarizine decreased the inducibility of PEBs by 42% (p less than 0.01), but not that of the reentrant VT in any of the 6 inducible dogs. Therefore, we conclude that although flunarizine has no electrophysiologic effects in normal heart, it prevents induction of PEBs. The inability of flunarizine to prevent induction of reentrant VT confirms the mechanism-specific action of flunarizine against triggered activity.
Interaction of the E6 protein of human papillomavirus with cellular proteins. (1994)

The E6 proteins of the oncogenic Human Papillomavirus (HPV) types 16 and 18 are known to bind two cellular proteins, the tumor suppressor protein p53 and a 100 kDa protein named E6-AP. In this paper we describe the expression and purification of biologically active E6 fusion proteins and their specific association with additional cellular proteins. HPV16E6 specifically associated with at least seven cellular proteins which have been designated pp212, pp182, p100, p81, p75, p53 and p33 respectively, on the basis of molecular mass and phosphorylation. We have also shown that the complex of cellular proteins associated with HPV16, 18, 6 and 11 E6 proteins contains a protein kinase. This protein kinase phosphorylated exogenous histone H1 and the E6 associated protein pp182.
Nanostructure patterns written in polycarbonate by a bent optical fiber probe (2001)

An atomic force microscope operated in tapping mode using a homemade bent optical fiber probe was used to pattern nanometer-scale features. Trenches of different dimensions were written on polycarbonate that was pre-exposed to an excimer laser. Lines with widths varying from 260 to 600 nm and depths ranging from 30 to 120 nm have been made. The present technique as a complementary tool to other lithographic processes has been demonstrated to be potentially suitable for low-cost and high-precision applications.
What drives technology innovation among the emerging Chinese enterprises (2011)

An estimated 40% of the US population have foot problems.Of all patients aged over 50 years, 2.5% report degenerative arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint, termed 'hallux rigidus'. First MTP osteoarthritis is the most common arthritic condition in the foot.Progression of great toe arthritis is associated with pain and loss of motion. Non-surgical intervention begins with shoe modifications and orthotics designed to limit MTP motion.In patients with mild arthritis, operative procedures focus on removing excess osteophytes (cheilectomy) to prevent dorsal impingement with or without a concomitant osteotomy (Moberg) to improve or shift range of motion into a less painful arc.In patients with more advanced arthritis, operative management has centred on arthrodesis of the first MTP joint.A recent Level 1 study shows excellent function and pain relief with a small hydrogel hemi-implant into the metatarsal headMultiple joint-sparing procedures such as joint arthroplasty or resurfacing have been described with inconsistent results. Cite this article: EFORT Open Rev 2017;2:13-20. DOI: 10.1302/2058-5241.2.160031.
Bridged Reactance-Resistance Networks (1949)

Consideration is given to the various possible six-arm, six-element RC bridged networks of which the parallel-tee is the previously known example. It is found that six symmetrical RC structures exist having the infinite attenuation property of the parallel-tee and other properties differing from those of this structure. The duality of certain pairs of such structures is demonstrated.
Energy metabolism in respiration‐deficient and wild type chinese hamster fibroblasts in culture (1976)

Abstract This paper presents a comparison of energy metabolism in wild type and respiration‐deficient Chinese hamster cells. From previous work (DeFrancesco et al., 75) it was concluded that the mutant satisfies essentially all of its energy requirements from glycolysis and in this study we measure precisely the amount of glucose consumed and lactate produced per milligram increment of protein in exponentially growing cultures. From these measurements we calculate the amount of ATP derived from glycolysis (and hence the total energy requirement for normal proliferation) to be 105 ± 15 μmoles ATP/δ mg protein in the mutant. It is 63 ± 10 μmoles ATP/δ mg protein derived from glycolysis in wild type cells. We present evidence that the total energy requirement of wild type cells is similar to that of the mutant, suggesting that ∼40% of the energy requirement is derived from respiration. The oxidation of glutamine appears to be more significant than the complete oxidation of glucose to CO 2 in these Chinese hamster fibroblasts. The amount of ATP required by the mutant cells per milligram increment of protein is relatively independent of pH.
NEDD4-mediated HSF1 degradation underlies α-synucleinopathy (2015)

Cellular protein homeostasis is achieved by a delicate network of molecular chaperones and various proteolytic processes such as ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) to avoid a build-up of misfolded protein aggregates. The latter is a common denominator of neurodegeneration. Neurons are found to be particularly vulnerable to toxic stress from aggregation-prone proteins such as α-synuclein. Induction of heat-shock proteins (HSPs), such as through activated heat shock transcription factor 1 (HSF1) via Hsp90 inhibition, is being investigated as a therapeutic option for proteinopathic diseases. HSF1 is a master stress-protective transcription factor which activates genes encoding protein chaperones (e.g. iHsp70) and anti-apoptotic proteins. However, whether and how HSF1 is dysregulated during neurodegeneration has not been studied. Here, we discover aberrant HSF1 degradation by aggregated α-synuclein (or α-synuclein-induced proteotoxic stress) in transfected neuroblastoma cells. HSF1 dysregulation via α-synuclein was confirmed by in vivo assessment of mouse and in situ studies of human specimens with α-synucleinopathy. We demonstrate that elevated NEDD4 is implicated as the responsible ubiquitin E3 ligase for HSF1 degradation through UPS. Furthermore, pharmacologically induced SIRT1-mediated deacetylation can attenuate aberrant NEDD4-mediated HSF1 degradation. Indeed, we define the acetylation status of the Lys 80 residue located in the DNA-binding domain of HSF1 as a critical factor in modulating HSF1 protein stability in addition to its previously identified role in the transcriptional activity. Together with the finding that preserving HSF1 can alleviate α-synuclein toxicity, this study strongly suggests that aberrant HSF1 degradation is a key neurodegenerative mechanism underlying α-synucleinopathy.
An Elastic Tube Theory of Pulse Transmission and Oscillatory Flow in Mammalian Arteries (1957)

Abstract : This work develops the concept of a thin walled elastic tube as a rough working model of an artery, and from a solution of the equations of motion of such a tube, filled with viscous liquid, a number of relationships are deduced that can be tested experimentally. The theory of pulse-wave transmission, and the relationships between pulse pressure, rate of flow, and radial expansion, are demonstrated as parts of a single logical structure. Some comparisons with experimental results are made and new experiments are proposed, as tests of the adequacy of the theory.
NAND technology (2013)

NAND Flash has a simple array structure which has been highly amenable to scaling; NAND Flash leads the industry in scaling; Lithography induced scaling limits were overcome using advanced pitch reduction techniques; Interference issues were contained through incorporation of air-gap at critical locations; Wrap cell limits were overcome with planar FG cell using High-K dielectric / Metal gate; 2D scaling can continue into the mid to low ~10nm; Scaling beyond can come from transitioning to 3D.
Structural, microstructural, and electrical properties of gold films and Schottky contacts on remote plasma-cleaned, n-type ZnO{0001} surfaces (2005)

Current–voltage measurements of Au contacts deposited on ex situ cleaned, n-type ZnO(0001) [(0001¯)] surfaces showed reverse bias leakage current densities of ∼0.01(∼0.1)A∕cm2 at 4.6 (3.75) V reverse bias and ideality factors &gt;2 (both surfaces) before sharp, permanent breakdown (soft breakdown). This behavior was due primarily to the presence of (1.6–2.0)±0.1[(0.7–2.6)±0.1] monolayers (ML) of hydroxide, which forms an electron accumulation layer and increases the surface conductivity. In situ remote plasma cleaning of the (0001) [(0001¯)] surfaces using a 20vol%O2∕80vol%He mixture for the optimized temperatures, times, and pressure of 550±20°C(525±20°C), 60 (30) min, and 0.050 Torr reduced the thickness of the hydroxide layer to ∼0.4±0.1ML and completely eliminated all detectable hydrocarbon contamination. Subsequent cooling of both surfaces in the plasma ambient resulted in the chemisorption of oxygen and a change from 0.2 eV of downward band bending for samples cooled in vacuum to 0.3 eV of upward band bending indicative of the formation of a depletion layer of lower surface conductivity. Cooling in either ambient produced stoichiometric ZnO{0001} surfaces having an ordered crystallography as well as a step-and-terrace microstructure on the (0001¯) surface; the (0001) surface was without distinctive features. Sequentially deposited, unpatterned Au films, and presumably the rectifying gold contacts, initially grew on both surfaces cooled in the plasma ambient via the formation of islands that subsequently coalesced, as indicated by calculations from x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data and confirmed by transmission electron microscopy. Calculations from the current–voltage data of the best contacts revealed barrier heights on the (0001) [(0001¯)] surfaces of 0.71±0.05(0.60±0.05)eV, a saturation current density of (4±0.5)×10−6A∕cm2(2.0±0.5×10−4A∕cm2), a lower value of n=1.17±0.05(1.03±0.05), a significantly lower leakage current density of ∼1.0×10−4A∕cm2(∼91×10−9A∕cm2) at 8.5 (7.0) V reverse bias prior to sharp, permanent breakdown (soft breakdown). All measured barrier heights were lower than the predicted Schottky–Mott value of 1.0 eV, indicating that the interface structure and the associated interface states affect the Schottky barrier. However, the constancy in the full width at half maximum of the core levels for Zn 2p(1.9±0.1eV) and O 1s(1.5±0.1eV), before and after sequential in situ Au depositions, indicated an abrupt, unreacted Au∕ZnO(0001) interface. Transmission electron microscopy confirmed the abruptness of an epitaxial interface. Annealing the contacts on the (0001) surface to 80±5 and 150±5°C resulted in decreases in the ideality factors to 1.12±0.05 and 1.09±0.05 and increases in saturation current density to 9.05 and 4.34μA∕cm2, the barrier height to 0.82±0.5 and 0.79±0.5eV, and in the leakage current densities to ∼2×10−3A∕cm2 at 6 V and ∼20×10−3A∕cm2 at 7 V, respectively.
Polyhedrin Structure (1986)

Polyhedrin has evolved two highly specialized functions. Firstly, it forms a protective crystal around the virus and secondly it resists solubilization except under strongly alkaline conditions similar to those found in the insect midgut. Both of these properties allow the virus to remain viable for many years outside the insect host. Although polyhedrin and granulin can vary by about 50% in amino acid sequence, many of their structural features are highly conserved, reflecting the similar function and biochemical properties of these proteins. By comparing the sequences, domains within the gene which evolve rapidly have been identified and molecular phylogenies have been proposed. Information on predicted secondary structure has also been obtained and some insight into the possible role of codon usage in baculovirus function has also been gained from the sequence information. In addition to the conserved structural properties of the polyhedrin protein, there is a conserved regulatory process which results in the synthesis of massive amounts of polyhedrin. This process is probably governed by a virus-specific RNA polymerase. A potential regulatory signal shared by all these genes has been identified upstream from the polyhedrin gene. A number of additional granulin and lepidopteran polyhedrin sequences will certainly be forthcoming because of the ease with which these genes are identified by cross-hybridization with available related probes. However, of special interest will be sequences from dipteran and hymenopteran polyhedrins which will add greatly to our understanding of the constraints governing polyhedrin structure and diversity. Another logical step in their study will be to examine polyhedrin quaternary structure utilizing X-ray crystallography. Additional areas of future emphasis will probably focus on the regulation of polyhedrin synthesis. Elucidation of the regulatory signals governing transcription of these genes are of prime interest as are complementary studies on the characterization of the RNA polymerase which transcribes these genes.
Molecular Complexes and their Spectra. XII. Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra Caused by the Interaction of Oxygen with Organic Molecules<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMolecular Complexes and their Spectra. XII. Ultraviolet Absorption Spectra Caused by the Interaction of Oxygen with Organic Molecules1H. Tsubomura and R. S. MullikenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 23, 5966–5974Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01508a002https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01508a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1017Altmetric-Citations339LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Logos: a constraint-directed reasoning shell for operations management (1991)

A description is given of the Logos reasoning shell, an expert system that performs reactive scheduling, i.e. reschedules operations in the context of new information. Logos' constraint system supports the use of temporal constraints as well as the need to add and retract constraints incrementally. Logos' problem-solving approach is discussed and constraint-based reasoning and dynamic modeling, both of which are used by Logos, are examined. Some current applications are described.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>