gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A <sup>1</sup>H‐NMR study of human interleukin‐1β (1986)

Complete identification of spin systems in the aromatic region of recombinant human interleukin-1 beta has been achieved using two-dimensional homonuclear Hartmann-Hahn spectroscopy. In addition, sequence-specific assignments for the four tyrosine residues have been carried out with the help of a series of mutant proteins, obtained by site-directed mutagenesis of the cloned gene. It is shown that, for the mutant proteins investigated, either none or only local structural changes occur. The use of NMR spectroscopy to determine the structural identity of site-directed mutant proteins with respect to the wild-type protein is discussed.
<title>Three-dimensional grating images</title> (1991)

A new method of creating three-dimensional images with a grating pattern which consists of many small diffraction gratings is presented. The grating image gives its holographic display a very interesting feature, showing brilliant multi-color and moving effects. Conventional grating images are two-dimensional (2-D) patterns, but by this method a three-dimensional (3- D) image is generated. The basic principle of this method is parallax panoramagram, and the composed image is similar to the holographic stereogram. This type of image looks much brighter and clearer than the current holographic stereogram, because it consists of very simple gratings. The grating pattern is made by using an electron beam writing system. The system has the capability to change the direction and spatial frequency of the grating. In this paper, the principle and the development of the system for the new 3-D image is described.
Absorption, Translocation and Metabolism of Butachlor by Rice Seedlings (1995)

Butachlor [2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl)-N-(butoxymethyl) acetamide)is one of the most important herbicides for transplante rice (Oryaz sativa L.) weed control in Taiwan. The herbicide was readily absorbed by rice roots. During 24 hours of uptake experiment, 32% of the applied herbicid was absorbed. The pretreatment of the herbbicide for 2 days did not affect the absorption.Of the absorbed herbicide,80% remained in roots, only 20% translocated into shoots, and more than 50% was metabolized to water soluble substances. Thin layer chromatographic (TLC) analysis showed that the Rf value of the most abundam metabolite was the same as butachlor-glutathione conjugate. Rice, barnyard-grass(Echinochloa crusgalli(L.) Beauv) and monochoria(Monochoria vaginalis Presl) seedlings contained rclatively high level of non-protein thiols, whilc the glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity was highest in ric, barnyardgrass the next, monochlorla the lowest. The difference in GST activity among these species might be related to their sensitivity to butachlor.
Variable frequency SAW resonators on ferroelectric-ferroelastics (1978)

High-Q SAW grating resonators with tunabilities approaching 1% are possible on certain ferroelectric-ferroelastic crystals such as Gd2(MoO4)3. The resonant frequency is tuned by electronically varying the width of a small domain with different acoustic velocity within the resonator cavity. Experimental results at ∼92.6 MHz are presented.
Prepare young leaders to be successful (2015)

BALTIMORE, MD. — Are you ever the youngest person in the room at important campus meetings? Do you have young staff members who have the potential to become leaders?
Synthesis of .alpha.-amino acids by reduction of .alpha.-oximino esters with titanium(III) chloride and sodium borohydride (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of .alpha.-amino acids by reduction of .alpha.-oximino esters with titanium(III) chloride and sodium borohydrideChristopher Hoffman, Robin S. Tanke, and Marvin J. MillerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1989, 54, 15, 3750–3751Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1989https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00276a048RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views949Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (325 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
The Quantitative Measurement of the Opacity of Aesthetic Dental Filling Materials (1979)

A method is described for measuring the opacity of aesthetic dental filling materials using a goniophotometer. Procedures are given for converting measured opacity values to those referred to a 70% reflectance background (C 0.7 values) as required by existing specifications. The conversion is involved, and, since most available white surfaces have reflectance of about 80%, it is recommended that in future specifications opacity be recorded as C 0.8 values. Opacity values for 28 materials are reported. It was found that the opacity of dental cement decreases for several days following preparation and that powder/liquid ratio has little effect, while pigmentation has a marked effect on opacity.
Research of method for DNS performance measurement and evaluation based on benchmark DNS servers (2006)

DNS is the baseline for the Internet. However, no method has yet been established for measurement of the service situation of DNS. In the present research, a method is established for measurement and evaluation of the performance of DNS as the name resolving system of the Internet. The method proposed in this paper can easily be adopted at any location in the world and can be applied to any DNS server or DNS server set. In this method, measurement is easily performed with a tool called dnsprobe and dialup. By using the reference DNS server, the measured results can be corrected. In this way, measured results obtained throughout the world can be uniformly compared. Using this method, the reachability of a root DNS was measured from 27 locations. The results make it possible to understand the reachability of present root DNS servers from various locations in the world and to reveal its tendencies. This research methodology allows judgment of the fairness of DNS service and provides assistance in choosing installation locations when new DNS servers are installed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(10): 66–75, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20211
Special Bilinear Quadrilateral Elements For Locally Refined Finite Element Grids (2001)

A set of special bilinear quadrilateral elements are developed to handle irregular nodes on the interface between different refinement levels in 1-irregular meshes for the adaptive finite element method. With this alternative approach, irregular nodes are eliminated, and at the same time the C0 continuity at interelements is strictly ensured. The new elements simplify the refinement procedure and circumvent many inconveniences in local refinement with linear quadrilateral elements. Solutions to problems of a heat conduction, a reaction-diffusion, and incompressible and viscous flows past a circular cylinder are respectively presented to test the effectiveness of special elements. They demonstrate good accuracy and a potential applicability to more complex problems.
Species susceptibilities to chemical carcinogens: a critical appraisal of the roles of sex hormones (endocrine status) and nutritional influences. (2003)

The objective of the present evaluation was to assess the possible roles of the sex hormones (endocrine status), nutritional influences and other factors in regard to species susceptibilities to chemical carcinogens. By reviewing the experimental and epidemiological data, it was concluded that there are compelling indications, particularly in the fields of physiology and metabolism, to conclude the limited usefulness of the various animal species in sex hormone research. The findings allow only restricted inferences for the human species. On the other hand, as far as nutritional influences on cancer development are concerned, similar mechanisms operate with regard to high or low calorie, fat, protein and carbohydrate intakes in animals and humans. Consequently, the findings obtained in laboratory animals can be transmitted with some modifications to the human species. This assessment is the continuation of an earlier work, which appraised the roles of genetic and viral agents, concerning species susceptibilities to chemical carcinogens.
Data-Driven Feature-Based 3D Face Synthesis (2007)

This paper presents a novel data-driven method for creating varied realistic face models by synthesizing a set of facial features according to intuitive high-level control parameters. Our method takes as examples 3D face scans in order to exploit the variations presented in the real faces of individuals. We use an automatic model fitting approach for the 3D registration problem. Once we have a common surface representation for each example, we form feature shape spaces by applying principal component analysis (PCA) to the data sets of facial feature shapes. Using PCA coefficients as a compact shape representation, we approach the shape synthesis problem by forming scattered data interpolation functions that are devoted to the generation of desired shape by taking the anthropometric parameters as input. The correspondence among all exemplar textures is obtained by parameterizing a 3D generic mesh over a 2D image domain. The new feature texture with desired attributes is synthesized by interpolating the example textures. Apart from an initial tuning of feature point positions and assignment of texture attribute values, our method is fully automated.
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline, a selective suppressor of T helper type 1‐ but not type 2‐associated lymphokine production, prevents induction of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats (1993)

The phosphodiesterase inhibitor pentoxifylline (POX), which is known to have pharmacological effects in animal models of multiorgan failure and endotoxin-mediated shock, was tested for its immunosuppressive potential on T lymphocyte activation in vitro and in vivo. POX was found to have a profound inhibitory effect on both mitogen- and antigen-induced proliferation of CD4+ T cells in vitro. This inhibitory activity of the drug could be reproduced by treating T lymphocytes with cAMP analogues during stimulation. Responses of repeatedly in vitro stimulated cells were much more strongly inhibited by the drug and by cAMP analogues than responses of fresh resting lymphocytes. Furthermore, POX could drastically down-regulate tumor necrosis factor regulate production and to a lesser extent interleukin (IL)-2 secretion in activated T cells, but an excess of exogenous IL-2 did not override the antiproliferative effect of the drug. In contrast, the same doses of POX had no inhibitory effect on spontaneous or induced IL-4 and IL-6 production by short-term cultured T lymphocytes, indicating a selective sparing of T helper type 2 (Th2)-associated lymphokine functions by the drug. To test a potential use of POX as an antiinflammatory agent in T cell-mediated autoimmune disease, the influence of POX on myelin basic protein (MBP)-induced experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) was assessed. The onset of EAE in Lewis rats could almost completely be abrogated by oral administration of POX during the induction phase of disease. Lack of clinical symptoms in POX-treated animals coincided with a marked suppression of MBP-specific T cell reactivity in vitro, without any evidence for a generalized impairment of T cell activity. Collectively, our data suggest the potential use of xanthine derivatives of the POX type as a supporting antiinflammatory therapeutic agent in Th1 CD4+ T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases in animal models and possibly in man.
Query-driven approach to entity resolution (2013)

This paper explores "on-the-fly" data cleaning in the context of a user query. A novel Query-Driven Approach (QDA) is developed that performs a minimal number of cleaning steps that are only necessary to answer a given selection query correctly. The comprehensive empirical evaluation of the proposed approach demonstrates its significant advantage in terms of efficiency over traditional techniques for query-driven applications.
Allosteric Inhibition of a Mammalian Lectin (2018)

Glycan-binding proteins are key components of central physiological and cellular processes such as self-/non-self-recognition, cellular tissue homing, and protein homeostasis. Herein, C-type lectins are a diverse protein family that play important roles in the immune system, rendering them attractive drug targets. To evaluate C-type lectin receptors as target proteins for small-molecule effectors, chemical probes are required, which are, however, still lacking. To overcome the supposedly poor druggability of C-type lectin receptors and to identify starting points for chemical probe development, we screened murine langerin using <sup>1</sup>H and <sup>19</sup>F NMR against a library of 871 drug-like fragments. Subsequently, hits were validated by surface plasmon resonance and enzyme-linked lectin assay. Using structure-activity relationship studies and chemical synthesis, we identified thiazolopyrimidine derivatives with double-digit micromolar activity that displayed langerin selectivity. Based on <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>15</sup>N HSQC NMR and competitive binding and inhibition experiments, we demonstrate that thiazolopyrimidines allosterically inhibit langerin. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of drug-like allosteric inhibitors of a mammalian lectin.
An Adaptive Logic for Compassionate Relevantism (2005)

In [11], Neil Tennant describes a method for restricting the consequence relation of classical logic in such a way that the First Lewis Paradox (A,∼A ` B) is avoided, while all proofs, needed for mathematics and the hypothetico-deductive method in the natural sciences, are retained. This comes down to the fact that he allows all classical consequences of a premise set to be derivable, as long as it can not be shown that those consequences are irrelevant in relation to the premises from which they were derived. This means that he
Lead iodide perovskite light-emitting field-effect transistor (2015)

Despite the widespread use of solution-processable hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites in photovoltaic and light-emitting applications, determination of their intrinsic charge transport parameters has been elusive due to the variability of film preparation and history-dependent device performance. Here we show that screening effects associated to ionic transport can be effectively eliminated by lowering the operating temperature of methylammonium lead iodide perovskite (CH3NH3PbI3) field-effect transistors. Field-effect carrier mobility is found to increase by almost two orders of magnitude below 200 K, consistent with phonon scattering-limited transport. Under balanced ambipolar carrier injection, gate-dependent electroluminescence is also observed from the transistor channel, with spectra revealing the tetragonal to orthorhombic phase transition. This demonstration of CH3NH3PbI3 light-emitting field-effect transistors provides intrinsic transport parameters to guide materials and solar cell optimization, and will drive the development of new electro-optic device concepts, such as gated light-emitting diodes and lasers operating at room temperature.
Law Reforming Lawyers and Aboriginal Social Controls: The Case of the Western Australian Aboriginal Communities ACT (2013)

The proclamation of the Aboriginal Communities Act 1979 (WA) ('Act') made it possible for Aboriginal community councils to make and enforce by-laws in an attempt to limit civil disobedience and to enable them to regulate matters of concern to Aboriginal people on their own lands. A bylaw only applies within the boundaries of the community and can only be made by a unanimous vote of all council members. Initially the Act was restricted to two Aboriginal communities in the Kimberley region (La Grange and One Arm Point), followed by three more (Beagle Bay, Lombadina and Balgo). Following a positive review by John Hedges in 1986, the Act was extended further afield to other Aboriginal communities in Western Australia including communities which lie in the east of the State, bordering the Northern Territory and South Australia. These are the Ngaanyatjarra lands, where traditional owners were particularly interested in the power given to them under the Act to create local by-laws to deal with alcohol-related troubles and petrol sniffing. The communities of the region had struggled since the 1970s to manage chronic petrol sniffing2 which was a cause of substantial morbidity and mortality among young people.3 Petrol sniffing had spread rapidly amid a highly mobile population, so that between 1980 and 1988 sniffing was associated with at least 14 deaths in the Ngaanyatjarra lands,4 several of them from horrific burn injuries, car accidents, septicaemia and chronic lead poisoning. There were five deaths in Warburton alone over 14 months between 1988 and 1989. Sorry (grieving) camps, abandoned houses and continual funerals were all regular features of life in that period. The communities also had to deal with the disruptive effects of liquor imported from outlets many kilometres away to the east and the southwest. These substance abuses were matters of grave concern to the communities themselves.
Antimicrobial Resistance and Reduced Susceptibility in Clostridium difficile: Potential Consequences for Induction, Treatment, and Recurrence of C. difficile Infection (2015)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) remains a substantial burden on healthcare systems and is likely to remain so given our reliance on antimicrobial therapies to treat bacterial infections, especially in an aging population in whom multiple co-morbidities are common. Antimicrobial agents are a key component in the aetiology of CDI, both in the establishment of the infection and also in its treatment. The purpose of this review is to summarise the role of antimicrobial agents in primary and recurrent CDI; assessing why certain antimicrobial classes may predispose to the induction of CDI according to a balance between antimicrobial activity against the gut microflora and C. difficile. Considering these aspects of CDI is important in both the prevention of the infection and in the development of new antimicrobial treatments.
Adjuvant formulations and their mode of action. (1990)

We have developed an adjuvant formulation (SAF) consisting of a synthetic muramyl dipeptide analogue (N-acetylmuramyl-L-threonyl-D-isoglutamine) in a squalane-Pluronic polymer emulsion. Used with a variety of antigens SAF elicits cell-mediated immunity and antibodies of protective isotypes (IgG2a in the mouse). SAF augments responses to influenza virus haemagglutinin and hepatitis B virus surface antigen. Vaccines using SAF have protected guinea pigs against genital herpes simplex virus infections and subhuman primates against Epstein-Barr virus and simian immunodeficiency virus infections. Properties of SAF are compared with those of other adjuvants, including lipopolysaccharide analogs, ISCOMs and liposomes.
Agave (Agave spp.) and its Traditional Products as a Source of Bioactive Compounds (2012)

Agave has been used as a raw material for food and folklore medicinal purposes. Traditional processing involves the use of agave as a source of carbohydrate-rich syrups for direct use or as substrate to yield hydrolyzed fermented products and spirits. Agave plants can accumulate significant amounts of inulin, important molecule with prebiotic activity. The agave plant has been used to feed ruminants in arid areas where drought episodes are prevalent. This plant is an important source of saponins, considered as antinutritional factors but also as anticancer, antifungal, and antiinflammatory agents. Considering the low hydrosolubility of saponins, these compounds are not being recovered from the plant and alternative processes need to be devised. Agave also contains polyphenols with activities such as: anticancer, antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antiparasitical, antimicrobial, prebiotics and coadjuvant in mineral absorption. The full phytochemical characterization of the sap, leaves and byproducts generated from the traditional food uses is needed to validate the beneficial effects of agave consumption and its potential use as a source of functional ingredients. Keywords: Agave, fructooligosaccharides, nutraceutical, polyphenols, saponins.
True-amplitude signal recovery (1992)

A plethora of options are at our disposal, but no matter how good a seismic process is, its output quality is fundamentally constrained by its input quality. It therefore helps to do as good a job as possible in the recording of seismic data. However, once the data are recorded, the burden of signal enhancement falls on the processor. The seismic processing objectives are twofold. First, to improve signal-to-noise ratio by simultaneously attenuating noise and recovering signal. Second, to apply seismic processes synergistically to produce optimal interpretable output. This article focuses on the first objective and describes how seismic signals can be recovered robustly and efficiently from prestack raw shot records. This procedure produces more reliable amplitude-versus-offset (AVO) output for interpreters and explorationists.
Structured Output Learning with Conditional Generative Flows (2019)

Traditional structured prediction models try to learn the conditional likelihood, i.e., p(y|x), to capture the relationship between the structured output y and the input features x. For many models, computing the likelihood is intractable. These models are therefore hard to train, requiring the use of surrogate objectives or variational inference to approximate likelihood. In this paper, we propose conditional Glow (c-Glow), a conditional generative flow for structured output learning. C-Glow benefits from the ability of flow-based models to compute p(y|x) exactly and efficiently. Learning with c-Glow does not require a surrogate objective or performing inference during training. Once trained, we can directly and efficiently generate conditional samples. We develop a sample-based prediction method, which can use this advantage to do efficient and effective inference. In our experiments, we test c-Glow on five different tasks. C-Glow outperforms the state-of-the-art baselines in some tasks and predicts comparable outputs in the other tasks. The results show that c-Glow is versatile and is applicable to many different structured prediction problems.