gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Eu^2+-activated silicon-oxynitride Ca_3Si_2O_4N_2: a green-emitting phosphor for white LEDs (2011)

The green-emitting phosphor Ca3Si2O4N2:Eu2+ was synthesized using a solid-state reaction. The luminescence properties, diffuse reflection spectrum, and thermal quenching were firstly studied, and a white light-emitting diode (wLED) was fabricated using the Eu2+-activated Ca3Si2O4N2 phosphor. Eu2+-doped Ca3Si2O4N2 exhibited a broad green emission band centered between 510 and 550 nm depending on the concentration of Eu2+. The optimal doping concentration of Eu2+ in Ca3Si2O4N2 was 1 mol%. The energy transfer between Eu2+ ions proceeds by an electric multipolar interaction mechanism, with a critical transfer distance of approximately 30.08 Å. A wLED with an color-rendering index Ra of 88.25 at a correlated color temperature of 6029 K was obtained by combining a GaN-based n-UV LED (380 nm) with the blue-emitting BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+, green-emitting Ca3Si2O4N2:Eu2+, and red-emitting CaAlSiN3:Eu2+ phosphors. The results present Ca3Si2O4N2:Eu2+ as an attractive candidate for use as a conversion phosphor for wLED applications.
Synthesis and Antimalarial Activities of Fluoroalkyl Derivatives of Dihydroartemisinin (1998)

Fluoroalkyl ethers (4) of dihydroartemisinin (2) have been prepared by reaction of fluoroalkyl alcohols with dihydroartemisinin by different methods (BF3,Et2O or TMSCl catalysis or Mitsunobu reaction). Ethers 4a-d derived from primary fluoroalkyl alcohols were obtained in moderate to good yields by these methods. Ethers 4e-j have been prepared from fluoroalkyl secondary and tertiary alcohols and phenol using the Mitsunobu reaction. Although in vitro antimalarial activities of ethers toward Plasmodium falciparum W-2 asiatic strain are moderate, in vivo activities against Plasmodium berghei (NT 173) are excellent.
Mechanizmusok kinematikai vizsgálata (2013)

In this paper, some single and multiple mechanisms having pivots and slides in the plain are analysed. It has been demonstrated that using a computer program we can describe trajectories and the velocity curves of any points of the mechanisms which are suitable for further investigations.
Intermediaries in Jewish Theology: Memra, Shekinah, Metatron (1922)

The Christian interpretation of the Old Testament was early set upon finding in it a figure corresponding to the Son, or the Word (Logos), in the New Testament, a divine being, intermediary between God the Father and the world in creation, revelation, and redemption. For Christian theology, with its philosophical presumptions, a God who visibly and audibly manifested himself to men in human form and action was necessarily such a being; the Supreme God, in his supramundane exaltation or his metaphysical transcendence, could not be imagined thus immediately to intervene in mundane affairs. In this assumption and to a considerable extent in their particular interpretations the Fathers had a precursor in the Jewish theologian Philo.
Model Order Selection and Cue Combination for Image Segmentation (2006)

Model order selection and cue combination are both difficult open problems in the area of clustering. In this work we build upon stability-based approaches to develop a new method for automatic model order selection and cue combination with applications to visual grouping. Novel features of our approach include the ability to detect multiple stable clusterings (instead of only one), a simpler means of calculating stability that does not require training a classifier, and a new characterization of the space of stabilities for a continuum of segmentations that provides for an efficient sampling scheme. Our contribution is a framework for visual grouping that frees the user from the hassles of parameter tuning and model order selection: the input is an image, the output is a shortlist of segmentations.
Hybrid Analog-Digital Channel Estimation and Beamforming: Training-Throughput Tradeoff (2015)

This paper develops hybrid analog-digital channel estimation and beamforming techniques for multiuser massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems with limited number of radio frequency (RF) chains. For these systems, first, we design novel minimum-mean-squared error (MMSE) hybrid analog-digital channel estimator by considering both cases with perfect and imperfect channel covariance matrix knowledge. Then, we utilize the estimated channels to enable beamforming for data transmission. When the channel covariance matrices of all user equipments (UEs) are known perfectly, we show that there is a tradeoff between the training duration and throughput. Specifically, we exploit the fact that the optimal training duration that maximizes the throughput depends on the covariance matrices of all UEs, number of RF chains, and channel coherence time (T <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">c</sub> ). We also show that the training time optimization problem can be formulated as a concave maximization problem where its global optimal solution can be obtained efficiently using existing tools. The analytical expressions are validated by performing extensive Monte Carlo simulations.
Effect of magnesium oxide buffer layer on performance of inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (2006)

The effect of magnesium oxide (MgO) buffer layer between cathode and emitting materials on performance of inverted top-emitting organic light-emitting diodes (ITOLEDs) was investigated. The operation voltage at the current density of 100mA∕cm2 decreased from 14.9to9.7V for ITOLEDs with 1nm thick MgO buffer layers. The maximum luminance value increased about 78% in ITOLEDs using MgO buffer layer, which is 1000cd∕m2 at the current density of 191mA∕cm2. Synchrotron radiation photoelectron spectroscopy results revealed that the atomic concentration of Al–O bond increased after deposition of MgO on Al, indicating the oxidation of Al surface. Secondary electron emission spectra showed that the work function increased about 0.8eV by inserting the insulating MgO buffer layer. Therefore, the enhancement of device performance results from the decrease of the energy barrier for electron injection based on the tunneling model.
Catalytic significance of a Co-Mo-S phase in Co-Mo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ hydrodesulfurization catalysts: combined in situ Moessbauer emission spectroscopy and activity studies (1981)

A series of sulfided Co-Mo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts with different Co/Mo ratios but with constant molybdenum content is investigated. The catalysts are characterized by in situ Moessbauer emission spectroscopy (MES) and investigated for their thiophene hydrodesulfurization activity. The catalytic activity shows a pronounced maximum at a Co/Mo ratio of about 1.0. The MES spectra reveal that cobalt may be present in three distinctly different phases: cobalt located in the alumina lattice (Co:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/), cobalt in Co/sub 9/S/sub 8/, and cobalt located in the Co-Mo-S surface phase discussed in the preceeding paper. It is found that the relative amounts of the three phases depend strongly on the Co/Mo ratio. The Co:Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ phase and the Co-Mo-S phase are observed in all catalysts studied, whereas Co/sub 9/S/sub 8/ is observed only in catalysts with Co/Mo > 0.4. It is shown that the presence of Co/sub 9/S/sub 8/ cannot explain the promoting role of cobalt in the Co-Mo/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ catalysts. However, a linear relation between the catalytic activity and the amount of Co in the Co-Mo-S phase leads to the conclusion that the promoting effect of cobalt is associated with the presence of this phase.
Studies on the molybdenum cofactor. Determination of the structure and absolute configuration of form A (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStudies on the molybdenum cofactor. Determination of the structure and absolute configuration of form AEdward C. Taylor, Partha S. Ray, Ihab S. Darwish, Jean L. Johnson, and K. V. RajagopalanCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 19, 7664–7665Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00201a084https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00201a084research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views387Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A Decade of WTO Dispute Settlement: New Zealand's Experience (2006)

The positive experience of New Zealand with the Dispute Settlement Understanding (DSU) dispute settlement mechanism of the World Trade Organisation (WTO) in the decade since its inception in 1995 is discussed. Examples of cases that New Zealand has participated in WTO dispute settlement as a complainant, respondent and a third party are discussed, highlighting that the equitable treatment of all member States by the WTO-DSU has been beneficial to a small economy like New Zealand.
Scenarios: Identifying Missing Objects and Actions by Means of Computational Linguistics (2007)

In industrial requirements documents natural language is the main presentation means. In such documents, system behavior is specified in the form of scenarios, written as a sequence of sentences in natural language. The scenarios are often incomplete: For the authors of requirements documents some facts are so obvious that they forget to mention them. This surely causes problems for the requirements analyst. This paper presents an approach that analyzes textual scenarios with the means of computational linguistics, identifies where communicating objects or whole actions are missing in the text, completes the missing information, and creates a message sequence chart (MSC) including the information missing in the textual scenario. Finally, this MSC is presented to the requirements analyst for validation. The paper presents also a case study in which scenarios from a requirement document based on industrial specifications were translated to MSCs. The case study shows the feasibility of the approach.
Effect of <i>VKORC1</i> Haplotypes on Transcriptional Regulation and Warfarin Dose (2005)

VKORC1 haplotypes can be used to stratify patients into low-, intermediate-, and high-dose warfarin groups and may explain differences in dose requirements among patients of different ancestries. The molecular mechanism of this warfarin dose response appears to be regulated at the transcriptional level.
Protease Probes that Enable Excimer Signaling upon Scission (2014)

Peptide-based probes that fluoresce upon proteolytic cleavage are invaluable tools for monitoring protease activity. The read-out of protease activity through pyrene excimer signaling would be a valuable asset because the large Stokes shift and the long lifetime of the excimer emission facilitate measurements in autofluorescent media such as blood serum. However, proteolytic cleavage abolishes rather than installs the proximity relationships required for excimer signaling. Herein, we introduce a new probe architecture to enable the switching on of pyrene excimer emission upon proteolytic scission. The method relies on hairpin-structured peptide nucleic acid (PNA)/peptide hybrids with pyrene units and anthraquinone-based quencher residues positioned in a zipper-like arrangement within the PNA stem. The excimer hairpin peptide beacons afforded up to a 50-fold enhancement of the pyrene excimer emission. Time-resolved measurements allowed the detection of matrix metalloprotease 7 in human blood serum.
A New Generation of Preservatives for Cosmetic Formulations - Nipaguard ® PO 5, Nipaguard ® POB and Nipaguard ® POM (2007)

Several currently used preservative classes have been under discussion during recent years because of safety concerns. Therefore a need has arisen for new, highly effective preservative blends which are easily incorporated into cosmetic formulations and which have a good toxicological profile. We have developed three new preservative blends which meet our customer needs concerning safety, efficacy, ease of incorporation, long term stability and antimicrobial activity for personal care products: Nipaguard ® PO 5, Nipaguard ® POB and Nipaguard ® POM.
Material processing and advanced well structures using high-energy implantation for EPI replacement (1995)

With the cost of each new technology generation increasing at an alarming rate, it has become imperative that technologies which provide for process simplification and material cost reduction be seriously investigated. Many of the next generation technologies for logic as well as memory applications have incorporated some vertical modulation of the well dopant concentration. This type of structure can provide process simplification and an improved isolation strategy, but with more aggressive engineering of the substrate dopant concentration and the current gain of the parasitic bipolar transistors that exist in the CMOS structure superior, latch-up immunity has been demonstrated on both simulated and actual devices. Devices with an aggressive 2 micron P<SUP>+</SUP> to N<SUP>+</SUP> spacing were built with this innovative well structure and have been shown to provide outstanding latch-up performance (4X improvement in measured trigger current) as compared to that of devices built with a standard diffused well process. In addition to providing an analysis of the latch-up performance of the advanced well structure, results of an investigation of the impact of high energy implantation on the gate oxide quality, junction quality and bulk material properties is discussed.
Thermal stability of electro-optic response in poled polyimide systems (1991)

Using polyimide as host in a guest-host thin film we demonstrate the first poled-polymer electro-optic response stable at temperatures up to 150 °C (samples poled and cured at 250 °C). A coplanar-electrode poling geometry is used so that the molecular alignment of the guest dye between the electrodes is coincident with the free volume of the host. We hypothesize that ‘‘high’’ temperature poling during the imidization process, when the polyimide forms rings and densifies, accounts for the excellent poled response stability.
Imperfeições no mercado de crédito e racionamento de crédito: uma análise para o setor informal no Brasil (2014)

O artigo analisa a existência de racionamento de crédito dentro do setor informal urbano, pequenos proprietários, no Brasil. Sob restrição de crédito, o investimento ocorrem um nível subótimo ou até mesmo não se realiza. Para testar se a restrição de crédito é ativa, parte-se da relação entre riqueza e decisão de investimento. Quanto mais forte e positiva a relação entre investimento e riqueza, mais ativa será a restrição de crédito. Utilizando dados da ECINF (Pesquisa de Economia Informal Urbana), são estimadas equações de decisão sobre investimento e seu valor, com controles das características individuais de empreendedores e unidades econômicas.
The Analysis for the Influence of Individual Node Base on the Network Community (2014)

This paper discussed the identification of theoretical research and practical application value that the influence of individual node in the social network node; Secondly, this paper proposes a influence of individual node arithmetic based on network community attribute, and carries on the simulation analysis in the real social network to compared with the influence of individual node that without network community attribute superposition.
Amyloid-β<sub>25–35</sub>peptides aggregate into cross-β sheets in unsaturated anionic lipid membranes at high peptide concentrations (2016)

One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the formation of protein plaques in the brain, which mainly consist of amyloid-β peptides of different lengths. While the role of these plaques in the pathology of the disease is not clear, the mechanism behind peptide aggregation is a topic of intense research and discussion. Because of their simplicity, synthetic membranes are promising model systems to identify the elementary processes involved. We prepared unsaturated zwitterionic/anionic lipid membranes made of 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-phosphocholine (POPC) and 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-l-serine (DMPS) at concentrations of POPC/3 mol% DMPS containing 0 mol%, 3 mol%, 10 mol%, and 20 mol% amyloid-β25-35 peptides. Membrane-embedded peptide clusters were observed at peptide concentrations of 10 and 20 mol% with a typical cluster size of ∼11 μm. Cluster density increased with peptide concentration from 59 (±3) clusters per mm(2) to 920 (±64) clusters per mm(2), respectively. While monomeric peptides take an α-helical state when embedded in lipid bilayers at low peptide concentrations, the peptides in peptide clusters were found to form cross-β sheets and showed the characteristic pattern in X-ray experiments. The presence of the peptides was accompanied by an elastic distortion of the bilayers, which can induce a long range interaction between the peptides. The experimentally observed cluster patterns agree well with Monte Carlo simulations of long-range interacting peptides. This interaction may be the fundamental process behind cross-β sheet formation in membranes and these sheets may serve as seeds for further growth into amyloid fibrils.
Differential deposition technique for figure corrections in grazing-incidence x-ray optics (2011)

A differential deposition technique was investigated as a way to minimize axial figure errors in full-shell, grazing-incidence, reflective x-ray optics. These types of optics use a combination of off-axis conic segments-hyperbolic, parabolic, and/or elliptical, to reflect and image x-rays. Several such mirrors or "shells" of decreasing diameter are typically concentrically nested to form a single focusing unit. Individual mirrors are currently produced at Marshall Space Flight Center using an electroforming technique, in which the shells are replicated off figured and superpolished mandrels. Several factors in this fabrication process lead to low- and mid-spatial frequency deviations in the surface profile of the shell that degrade the imaging quality of the optics. A differential deposition technique, discussed in this paper, seeks to improve the achievable resolution of the optics by correcting the surface profile deviations of the shells after fabrication. As a proof of concept, the technique was implemented on small-animal radionuclide-imaging x-ray optics being considered for medical applications. This paper discusses the deposition technique, its implementation, and the experimental results obtained to date.
Illumina and Nanopore methods for whole genome sequencing of hepatitis B virus (HBV) (2019)

Advancing interventions to tackle the huge global burden of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection depends on improved insights into virus epidemiology, transmission, within-host diversity, drug resistance and pathogenesis, all of which can be advanced through the large-scale generation of full-length virus genome data. Here we describe advances to a protocol that exploits the circular HBV genome structure, using isothermal rolling-circle amplification to enrich HBV DNA, generating concatemeric amplicons containing multiple successive copies of the same genome. We show that this product is suitable for Nanopore sequencing as single reads, as well as for generating short-read Illumina sequences. Nanopore reads can be used to implement a straightforward method for error correction that reduces the per-read error rate, by comparing multiple genome copies combined into a single concatemer and by analysing reads generated from plus and minus strands. With this approach, we can achieve an improved consensus sequencing accuracy of 99.7% and resolve intra-sample sequence variants to form whole-genome haplotypes. Thus while Illumina sequencing may still be the most accurate way to capture within-sample diversity, Nanopore data can contribute to an understanding of linkage between polymorphisms within individual virions. The combination of isothermal amplification and Nanopore sequencing also offers appealing potential to develop point-of-care tests for HBV, and for other viruses.
Editorial- Advances in Andrology and Male Reproductive Health (2011)

Andrology, the branch of medicine concerned with male reproductive health, emerged as a specialty at the end of the nineteenth century. However, it was not until the latter half of the past century that andrology had been recognized as one of the most intriguing sub-specialties of human reproduction. This is due to rapidly rising volume of scientific evidence that document the critical role of spermatozoa in the fertilization process. Due to the true nature of research involving the classical disciplines of physiology, biochemistry and molecular biology, scientific knowledge and application of andrology evolve continuously.
Reactive trityl derivatives: stabilised carbocation mass-tags for life sciences applications (2008)

The rational design of novel triarylmethyl (trityl)-based mass tags (MT) for mass-spectrometric (MS) applications is described. We propose a "pK(R+) rule" to correlate the stability of trityl carbocations with their MS performance: trityls with higher pK(R+) values ionise and desorb better. Trityl blocks were synthesised that have high pK(R+) values and are stable in conditions of MS analysis; these MTs can be ionised by matrix as well as irradiation with a 337 nm nitrogen laser. (13)C-Labelled tags were prepared for MS quantitation applications. Moreover, the tags were equipped with a variety of functional groups allowing conjugation with different functionalities within (bio)molecules to enhance the MS characteristics of the latter. The MS behaviour of model polycationic trityl compounds with and without the matrix was studied to reveal that poly-trityl clusters are always singly charged under the (MA)LDI-TOF conditions. Several peptide-trityl conjugates were prepared and comparisons revealed a beneficial effect of trityl tags on the conjugate detection in MS. Trityl compounds containing para-methoxy- and dimethylamine groups, as well as a xanthene fragment, showed considerable enhancement in MS detection of model peptides; thus they are promising tools for proteomic applications. Dimethoxytrityl derivatives allow one to distinguish between Arg- and Lys-containing peptides. Maleimido trityl derivatives are suitable for the efficient derivatisation of thiol-containing peptides in pyridine.
Cloning and characterization of MN1, a gene from chromosome 22q11, which is disrupted by a balanced translocation in a meningioma. (1995)

We have isolated a gene, called MN1, which resides on chromosome 22 and which was found to be disrupted by a balanced translocation (4;22) in meningioma 32. The MN1 gene spans about 70 kb and consists of at least two large exons of approximately 4.7 kb and 2.8 kb. The MN1 cDNA codes for a protein of 1319 amino acids when the first methionine in the open reading frame is used. The MN1 cDNA contains two CAG repeats, one of which codes for a string of 28 glutamines. The t(4;22) disrupts the 5'-exon within the open reading frame. In meningioma 32 no expression of the MN1 mRNA is observed. These results suggest that inactivation of the MN1 gene in this tumour may contribute to its pathogenesis.