gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Development of a PET-Transrectal Ultrasound Prostate Imaging System (2011)

Multimodality imaging has an increasing role in the management of a large number of diseases, particularly if both functional and structural information are acquired and accurately registered. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) imaging is currently an integral part of prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment procedures, providing high-resolution anatomical detail of the prostate region. Positron Emission Tomography (PET) imaging with <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$^{11}{\rm C}$</tex></formula> -choline is a sensitive functional imaging technique that can identify biochemical states associated with prostate cancer. We believe that merging these prostate imaging technologies will help identify the location and aggressiveness of prostate cancer. We envision using dual PET-TRUS prostate imaging to guide biopsy, guide treatment procedures, and detect local recurrence earlier than is currently possible. Hence, we have developed a dual PET-TRUS prostate imaging system and protocol designed to allow accurate 3-D image registration. We have evaluated this PET-TRUS system by performing dual PET-TRUS imaging of custom phantoms. We describe here our dual-modality imaging system, custom phantoms and phantom study results. We also discuss our investigation of the PET-TRUS registration accuracy. We measure an average PET-TRUS registration error for our phantom studies of <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$2.1 \pm 1.7~{\rm mm}$</tex></formula> in the x direction, <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$1.9 \pm 1.6~{\rm mm}$</tex></formula> in the y direction, and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$0.6 \pm 0.2~{\rm mm}$</tex></formula> in the z direction. This registration accuracy is sufficient for some clinical applications such as biopsy guidance and early detection of recurrence.
Emergency cricothyrotomy (1991)

The indications for the ruling for the Gulf Forces that emergency cricothyrotomy is to be performed where the airway is thought to be compromised are reviewed. The advantages of this procedure are outlined and some of the likely consequences regarding the incidence of complications and their management predicted.
Reprogramming Metabolism with Metformin Improves Tumor Oxygenation and Radiotherapy Response (2013)

Our data demonstrate that metformin can improve tumor oxygenation and response to radiotherapy. Our study suggests that metformin may represent an effective and inexpensive means to improve radiotherapy outcome with an optimal therapeutic ratio.
Comparison Between 1-Needle Technique Versus 2-Needle Technique for Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy Procedures (2013)

This study suggests that the 1-needle technique may be preferred for bone marrow aspirate and biopsy.
IMAGE-BASED SWEETPOTATO YIELD AND GRADE MONITOR (2002)

An image-based system for monitoring yield and grade of sweetpotatoes was developed. Estimates of weight werebased on multiple-linear regression and neural networks, while grade classifications were based on linear discriminant analysisand neural networks. Sweetpotato features considered were pixel area, polar moment of inertia, rectangular height and width,and length of major and minor axes. The system was tested on stationary sweetpotatoes in the laboratory. Its estimates ofsweetpotato weights were highly correlated (R2 = 0.96) with actual weights, and grade classifications of marketable sweetpotatoeswere over 90% accurate. The system was also tested on sweetpotatoes moving on a harvesters conveyor belt in the field. In thisportion of the study, estimates of sweetpotato weights were still highly correlated (R2 = 0.91), albeit not as strongly, with actualweights. Grade classifications during harvesting were less accurate (R2 = 0.73 in the best case) than in the laboratory.
Dichloromethane as the sole carbon source for an acetogenic mixed culture and isolation of a fermentative, dichloromethane-degrading bacterium (1993)

Dichloromethane (DCM) is utilized by the strictly anaerobic, acetogenic mixed culture DM as a sole source of carbon and energy for growth. Growth with DCM was linear, and cell suspensions of the culture degraded DCM with a specific activity of 0.47 mkat/kg of protein. A mass balance of 2 mol of chloride and 0.42 mol of acetate per mol of DCM was observed. The dehalogenation reaction showed similar specific activities under both anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Radioactivity from [14C]DCM in cell suspensions was recovered largely as 14CO2 (58%), [14C]acetate (23%), and [14C]formate (11%), which subsequently disappeared. This suggested that formate is a major intermediate in the pathway from DCM to acetate. Efforts to isolate from culture DM a pure culture capable of anaerobic growth with DCM were unsuccessful, although overall acetogenesis and the partial reactions are thermodynamically favorable. We then isolated bacterial strains DMA, a strictly anaerobic, gram-positive, endospore-forming rod, and DMB, a strictly anaerobic, gram-negative, endospore-forming homoacetogen, from culture DM. Both strain DMB and Methanospirillum hungatei utilized formate as a source of carbon and energy. Coculture of strain DMA with either M. hungatei or strain DMB in solid medium with DCM as the sole added source of carbon and energy was observed. These data support a tentative scheme for the acetogenic fermentation of DCM involving interspecies formate transfer from strain DMA to the acetogenic bacterium DMB or to the methanogen M. hungatei.
Cathodic hydrogen charging of Inconel 718 (2016)

The nickel based superalloy IN718 is known to be prone to hydrogen sensitivity, causing degradation of its mechanical properties. Therefore, during mechanical testing of hydrogen charged samples, a well-defined hydrogen distribution is essential to better understand the influence of hydrogen on dislocation movement and plasticity behavior. The possibility of charging cylindrical specimens of IN718 with hydrogen using cathodic charging is investigated. The method is based on an electro-chemical process using a molten salt electrolyte. The resulting hydrogen concentration is measured for various radii, and it is shown that the anisotropic diffusion coefficient resulting from electromigration, inherent in the charging method, must be taken into account as it has a major impact on the charging parameters of IN718. Also, no evidence of degassing during storage is found. Further, changes in surface roughness were examined by SEM, and only limited surface degradation is observed, which is not considered to significantly affect the results.
Experimental demonstration of an ultraselectiveand tunable optical bandpass filter using a fibre grating and a Fabry-Perot (1997)

The authors report on the use of a structure composed of a fibre Fabry-Perot and a fibre grating as an ultraselective and tunable optical bandpass filter. The first experimental demonstration of the filter operation is presented and a range of tuning of several hundreds of gigahertz can be achieved by using the presented techniques.
Human pancreatic GRF stimulates phosphatidylinositol labeling in cultured anterior pituitary cells (1983)

The effects of natural and synthetic human pancreatic growth hormone-releasing factor (hpGRF) on 32P incorporation into phospholipids were studied in cultured rat anterior pituitary cells. Natural hpGRF (1:30 dilution) significantly (P less than 0.01) stimulated phosphatidylinositol labeling at all times studied (15, 30, and 60 min). Synthetic hpGRF-(1-40)OH also significantly (P less than 0.05; P less than 0.01) increased 32P incorporation into phosphatidylinositol in a dose-related (1-30 nM) and time-dependent (5, 10, and 30 min) manner. In contrast, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine labeling was not affected at any time studied. Somatostatin (30 nM) did not affect basal or hpGRF-stimulated phosphatidylinositol labeling but inhibited the hpGRF stimulation of cyclic AMP accumulation and growth hormone release. These results suggest that the phosphatidylinositol cycle may be involved in the mechanism of action of hpGRF in the anterior pituitary gland.
The preaggregated state of an amyloidogenic protein: Hydrostatic pressure converts native transthyretin into the amyloidogenic state (2000)

Protein misfolding and aggregation cause several diseases, by mechanisms that are poorly understood. The formation of amyloid aggregates is the hallmark of most of these diseases. Here, the properties and formation of amyloidogenic intermediates of transthyretin (TTR) were investigated by the use of hydrostatic pressure and spectroscopic techniques. Native TTR tetramers (T(4)) were denatured by high pressure into a conformation that exposes tryptophan residues to the aqueous environment. This conformation was able to bind the hydrophobic probe bis-(8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate), indicating persistence of elements of secondary and tertiary structure. Lowering the temperature facilitated the pressure-induced denaturation of TTR, which suggests an important role of entropy in stabilizing the native protein. Gel filtration chromatography showed that after a cycle of compression-decompression at 1 degrees C, the main species present was a tetramer, with a small population of monomers. This tetramer, designated T(4)*, had a non-native conformation: it bound more bis-(8-anilinonaphthalene-1-sulfonate) than native T(4), was less stable under pressure, and on decompression formed aggregates under mild acidic conditions (pH 5-5.6). Our data show that hydrostatic pressure converts native tetramers of TTR into an altered state that shares properties with a previously described amyloidogenic intermediate, and it may be an intermediate that lies on the aggregation pathway. This "preaggregated" state, which we call T(4)*, provides insight into the question of how a correctly folded protein may degenerate into the aggregation pathway in amyloidogenic diseases.
Two-color Microarray Experiments (2005)

It is worth to know the major sources of technical variance during the typical experimental sequence, both for choice of experimental design and techniques of molecular biology, as well as for the understanding of quality control and normalization approaches. Here, early investments pay at the level of reduced technical variance, allowing for enhanced detection levels for the effects under investigation.
Miniature Piezo Composite Bimorph Actuator for Elevated Temperature Operation (2007)

Development of a new, miniature actuator with large stroke and enhanced thermal stability could provide an improved capability for useful applications. This paper investigates the design, fabrication and testing of a macro fiber composite (MFC) based bimorph actuator to meet stringent requirements such as size, stroke and thermal stability. Results indicate that a d33/d31 MFC configuration was compact and provided sufficient stroke while avoiding issues related to depolarization at elevated temperature. A compact, high voltage power supply that runs off of a 3 volt battery was also developed as part of this effort.
40 Gb/s RZ GaAs Transmitter with Integrated Waveform Monitoring (2002)

Two-photon absorption in GaAs is exploited to provide novel waveform monitoring for RZ data generation. A high-performance integrated 40 Gb/s RZ modulator is demonstrated in GaAs with closed pulse control using monolithic monitors
SOFA: Study of omega-3 fatty acids and ventricular arrhythmia. A multicenter, randomized clinical trial. (2006)

Background Very long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA, also named omega-3 fatty acids) from fish may reduce risk of sudden death through reducing the susceptibility for cardiac arrhythmia. However, current evidence is not conclusive. Objective The Study on Omega-3 Fatty acids and ventricular Arrhythmia (SOFA) investigated the effect of n-3 fatty acids from fish on the incidence of recurrent ventricular arrhythmia and all-cause mortality in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Methods SOFA is a parallel, placebo-controlled, double blind trial performed in 26 clinical centres across Europe. We randomized 546 patients with an ICD to treatment with either 2 g/d of fish oil (n= 273) or placebo (n=273), and followed them for a period of 234 +/- 125 days (mean +/- SD). Patients were eligible if they had experienced spontaneous ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) within one year before enrolment. Patients were excluded if they had used supplemental n-3 fatty acids during the past three months, or if they consumed more than 267 mg/day of n-3 fatty acids from fish or seafood. The primary endpoint was spontaneous ventricular tachyarrhythmia episodes as recorded by the ICD, or all-cause mortality. Results 70% of patients in the fish oil group versus 67% in the placebo group survived free from VT or VF (p=0.24, log-rank test, intention to treat analysis). The hazard ratio for occurrence of at least one event was 0.84 (95% CI: 0.62-1.13) for patients receiving fish oil. The hazard ratio for compliant patients was 0.73 (0.51-1.06; n=399, per protocol analysis). In subgroup (intention to treat) analyses the hazard ratio was 0.76 (0.51-1.11) for 302 patients with a VT (and no other index arrhythmias) at entrance and 0.72 (0.49-1.05) for patients with prior myocardial infarction (MI; n=342). Conclusion SOFA does not indicate a strong protective effect of intake of n-3 fatty acids from fish oil on life-threatening ventricular arrhythmia in ICD patients. In patients who previously experienced an MI there was a non-significant trend towards a beneficial effect
Serological and immunochemical characterization of monoclonal antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii. (1980)

The fusion of mouse NS-1 myeloma cells with spleen cells from mice chronically infected with Toxoplasma gondii resulted in eight clones of hybridomas producing monospecific antibodies against membrane or cytoplasmic antigens of Toxoplasma tachyzoites. One of the antibodies to a cytoplasmic determinant was an IgM; the others directed to membrane or cytoplasmic antigens belonged to the IgG2 or IgG3 isotypes. Antibodies of clones 1E11 (IgG3), 2G11, and 3E6 (IgG2) directed to membrane antigens, bound complement and were reactive in the complement-dependent cytotoxicity assay of Sabin-Feldman. These IgG2 antibodies were strongly agglutinating to parasites, whereas the IgG3 was relatively weak. Another IgG2 antibody (5B6), possibly recognizing a shared antigen of membrane and cytoplasm, exhibited a low titre in the cytotoxicity assay as well as in the agglutination assay. Two other antibodies to membrane antigens (2B7 and 2F8) as well as an antibody to a cytoplasmic antigen (3G3) did not bind complement and did not cause agglutination. The pattern of parasite staining produced by monoclonal antibodies to membrane antigens in an IFA test was different from that of polyvalent antisera. A strictly localized or 'beaded' staining was observed, as well as a smooth, rim fluorescence. Toxoplasma tachyzoites were surface radio-iodinated and the solubilized membrane proteins were immunoprecipitated with monoclonal antibodies and analysed by two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Two independently arising monoclonal antibodies to membrane antigens (2G11 and 3E6) consistently precipitated both the solubilized 35,000 and 14,000 mol. wt proteins, while 1E11 precipitated the 27,000 mol. wt protein.
Single controller current balance (SCCB) technique for voltage-mode multi-phase buck converter (2011)

A single controller current balance (SCCB) technique is proposed to achieve the time-multiplexing current balance in voltage-mode multi-phase DC-DC buck converter with only one modulation controller. Thus, the N-I controllers can be removed when the SCCB technique is implemented in the monolithic N- phase DC-DC buck converters for largely decreasing the silicon area and power consumption. In addition, the time-multiplexing current balance scheme can further enhance the current sharing accuracy since the mismatches between different controllers does not exist. Simulated results show that the current difference between each phase can be decreased by over 80 % at both heavy load and light load conditions.
The Effect of the Volume of Procedures at Transplantation Centers on Mortality after Liver Transplantation (1999)

As a group, liver-transplantation centers in the United States that perform 20 or fewer transplantations per year have mortality rates that are significantly higher than those at centers that perform more than 20 transplantations per year. Information regarding the outcome of liver transplantation at transplantation centers should be made widely available to the public in a timely manner.
The Barcode, UMI, Set format and BUStools (2018)

Abstract We introduce the B arcode- U MI- S et format (BUS) for representing pseudoalignments of reads from single-cell RNA-seq experiments. The format can be used with all single-cell RNA-seq technologies, and we show that BUS files can be efficiently generated. BUStools is a suite of tools for working with BUS files and facilitates rapid quantification and analysis of single-cell RNA-seq data. The BUS format therefore makes possible the development of modular, technology-specific, and robust workflows for single-cell RNA-seq analysis.
Toward an Assessment of Software Development Risk (1993)

:Despite the introduction and use of a wide variety of system development methods and tools, software projects are still plagued by time and cost overruns, and unmet user requirements. To avoid these problems, it is frequently recommended that the risk: associated with a software project be managed. A task that is critical to the proper management of software development risk is the assessment of the risks facing the project. Based on previous research, this paper proposes a definition and a measure of software development risk. Subsequently, data collected in a survey of 120 projects is used to assess the reliability and validity of the instrument.
MicroRNA expression in mouse oligodendrocytes and regulation of proteolipid protein gene expression (2012)

Overexpression of the major myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) is detrimental to brain development and function and is the most common cause of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease. microRNA (miRNA), small, noncoding RNAs, have been shown to play critical roles in oligodendrocyte lineage. In this study, we sought to investigate whether miRNAs control PLP abundance. To identify candidate miRNAs involved in this regulation, we have examined differentiation-induced changes in the expression of miRNAs in the oligodendroglial cell line Oli-neu and in enhanced green fluorescent protein positive oligodendrocytes ex vivo. We have identified 145 miRNAs that are expressed in oligodendrocyte cell lineage progression. Dicer1 expression decreases in differentiated oligodendrocytes, and knock down of Dicer1 results in changes in miRNAs similar to those associated with differentiation. To identify miRNAs that control the PLP expression, we have selected miRNAs whose expression is lower in differentiated vs. undifferentiated Oli-neu cells and that have one or more binding site(s) in the PLP 3'-untranslated region (3'UTR). The PLP 3'UTR fused to the luciferase gene reduces the activity of the reporter, suggesting that it negatively regulates message stability or translation. Such suppression is relieved by knock down of miR-20a. Overexpression of miR-20a decreases expression of the endogenous PLP in primary oligodendrocytes and of the reporter gene. Deletion or mutation of the putative binding site for miR-20a in the PLP 3'UTR abrogated such effects. Our data indicate that miRNA expression is regulated by Dicer1 levels in differentiated oligodendrocytes and that miR-20a, a component of the cluster that controls oligodendrocyte cell number, regulates PLP gene expression through its 3'UTR.
Honduras: las elecciones como vía de salida a la crisis política (2010)

La ausencia de observadores internacionales de la OEA dejo en manos de organizaciones de la sociedad civil la tarea de monitorizar las elecciones generales del 29 de noviembre de 2009. Esas organizaciones han dado fe de la libertad y transparencia del proceso. El reconocimiento de EEUU al resultado de las elecciones generales de Honduras motivara a otros gobiernos a reconocerlos, apurando una salida a la crisis politica. Sin embargo, el gobierno de Porfirio Lobo tendra que hacer frente al dificil reto de iniciar un proceso de unidad y reconciliacion nacional y de desplegar una intensa campana diplomatica para ganar el reconocimiento de varios gobiernos que desconocen el resultado de las elecciones que lo llevaron al poder. Todo esto en el marco de un continente dividido por pugnas de poder.

El 29 de noviembre de 2009 marco un antes y un despues para Honduras. De acuerdo con informaciones publicadas por el Tribunal Supremo Electoral (TSE), un 61,3% de los hondurenos empadronados acudieron a las urnas, un numero mayor al registrado en las elecciones de 2005. En estas elecciones generales se eligio al presidente de la Republica, a 128 miembros del Congreso Nacional y a 289 alcaldes municipales para un periodo de cuatro anos, en un proceso previamente convocado por el TSE en mayo de 2009. Los candidatos presidenciales fueron elegidos en un proceso de primarias que conto con la participacion de observadores internacionales de la Organizacion de Estados Americanos (OEA). Los comicios fueron refrendados por cinco partidos politicos legalmente inscritos: Partido Liberal (PL), Partido Nacional (PN), Partido Unificacion Democratica (UD), Partido Democrata Cristiano (DC) y Partido Innovacion y Unidad Social Democrata (PINU), siendo el PL y el PN los mayoritarios y los otros tres minoritarios.
A Multimodal Deep Neural Network for Human Breast Cancer Prognosis Prediction by Integrating Multi-Dimensional Data (2018)

Breast cancer is a highly aggressive type of cancer with very low median survival. Accurate prognosis prediction of breast cancer can spare a significant number of patients from receiving unnecessary adjuvant systemic treatment and its related expensive medical costs. Previous work relies mostly on selected gene expression data to create a predictive model. The emergence of deep learning methods and multi-dimensional data offers opportunities for more comprehensive analysis of the molecular characteristics of breast cancer and therefore can improve diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. In this study, we propose a Multimodal Deep Neural Network by integrating Multi-dimensional Data (MDNNMD) for the prognosis prediction of breast cancer. The novelty of the method lies in the design of our method's architecture and the fusion of multi-dimensional data. The comprehensive performance evaluation results show that the proposed method achieves a better performance than the prediction methods with single-dimensional data and other existing approaches. The source code implemented by TensorFlow 1.0 deep learning library can be downloaded from the Github: https://github.com/USTC-HIlab/MDNNMD.