gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Synthetic Glycoconjugates. 4. Use of .omega.-(Acrylamido)alkyl Glycosides for the Preparation of Cluster Glycopolymers (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthetic Glycoconjugates. 4. Use of .omega.-(Acrylamido)alkyl Glycosides for the Preparation of Cluster GlycopolymersShin-Ichiro Nishimura, Tetsuya Furuike, Koji Matsuoka, Kenji Maruyama, Kenji Nagata, Keisuke Kurita, Norio Nishi, and Seiichi TokuraCite this: Macromolecules 1994, 27, 18, 4876–4880Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00096a004https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00096a004research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views271Altmetric-Citations63LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Propagation and Amplification of Rayleigh Waves and Piezoelectric Leaky Surface Waves in LiNbO3 (1972)

Velocities and attenuations of piezoelectric leaky surface waves in LiNbO3 are analyzed. As a result, we have found that the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient of the leaky surface wave propagating along the X axis of a 64° rotated Y-cut plane is very large, K2 = 0.113, and the attenuation of this wave, caused by radiation of the energy into the solid, is 0.036 dB/wavelength for a free surface and goes to zero for a metalized surface. Moreover, K2 of the elastic surface wave for a 130° rotated Y-cut, X propagation, is found to be larger than that for a Y cut, Z propagation. The theory is verified experimentally. The theoretical analysis and experiments on amplification are performed for these types of waves. In an experiment utilizing the leaky surface wave, net terminal gain of 13 dB/cm is observed for the interaction between the carrier in 200-Ω cm Si wafer (0.3×3×10 mm), separately mounted on a LiNbO3 surface, and the leaky surface wave. The air gap between the Si wafer and LiNbO3 single crystal is about 0.5 mμ.
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCHES ON THE RECTIFICATION OF LIQUID HYDROGEN TO OBTAIN DEUTERIUM (1959)

>The liquefaction and rectification of hydrogen is one of the best methods for concentrating heavy hydrogen, because of the brief interval necessary to reach the stationary state of separation, the simplicity of the theoretical work, and the large yield of heavy hydrogen. However, the technology of refrigerati on at such a low temperature was never established; and many difficulties must be encountered before there is industrial realization of this method. These difficulties were separately examined in the laboratory, and are now nearer solution. Hydrogen from natural water was concentrated to 100 and 200 times in concentration of heavy hydrogen through the rectification with a small column. In the second step, a miniature plant was constructed and the balance in material as well as heat was studied. (auth)
Spectroscopic measurements and terahertz imaging of the cornea using a rapid scanning terahertz time domain spectrometer (2016)

Spectroscopic measurements and terahertz imaging of the cornea are carried out by using a rapid scanning terahertz time domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) system. A voice coil motor stage based optical delay line (VCM-ODL) is developed to provide a rather simple and robust structure with both the high scanning speed and the large delay length. The developed system is used for THz spectroscopic measurements and imaging of the corneal tissue with different amounts of water content, and the measurement results show the consistence with the reported results, in which the measurement time using VCM-ODL is a factor of 360 shorter than the traditional motorized optical delay line (MDL). With reducing the water content a monotonic decrease of the complex permittivity of the cornea is observed. The two-term Debye relaxation model is employed to explain our experimental results, revealing that the fast relaxation time of a dehydrated cornea is much larger than that of a hydrated cornea and its dielectric behavior can be affected by the presence of the biological macromolecules. These results demonstrate that our THz spectrometer may be a promising candidate for tissue hydration sensing and practical application of THz technology.
Control of electric field induced cell membrane permeabilization by membrane order (1990)

Cells can be made temporarily permeable if pulsed by high-intensity short-duration electric fields. The molecular mechanisms underlying this electropermeabilization are still unknown. The kinetic events may be described by four successive steps: induction, expansion, stabilization, and resealing. On one hand, cell electropermeabilization is detected only under more stringent conditions when cells have been treated by ethanol. On the other hand, lysolecithin is observed to facilitate cell electropermeabilization. More precisely, these molecules that modify membrane order, when used in concentrations compatible with cell viability, are shown to affect only the expansion and resealing steps. Electropermeabilization is inducing a transition in the membrane organization. Membrane order is modulating the energy barrier needed to evoke this membrane transition which occurs when cells are submitted to a field larger than a characteristic threshold (expansion step). Less order would increase the magnitude of this energy barrier; more order would decrease it.
Measuring scheduling efficiency of RNNs for NLP applications (2019)

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have shown state of the art results for speech recognition, natural language processing, image captioning and video summarizing applications. Many of these applications run on low-power platforms, so their energy efficiency is extremely important. We observed that cache-oblivious RNN scheduling during inference typically results in 30-50x more data transferred on and off the CPU than the application's working set size. This can potentially impact its energy efficiency. This paper presents a new metric called Data Reuse Efficiency to gauge the RNN scheduling efficiency of a platform and shows the factors that influence the DRE value. Additionally, this paper discusses an optimization to improve reuse in RNNs and highlights the positive impact of this optimization on the total amount of memory read from or written to the memory controller (and, hence, the DRE value) during the execution of an RNN application for a mobile SoC.
Multiple sink network design problem in large scale wireless sensor networks (2004)

The battery resource of the sensor nodes should be managed efficiently, in order to prolong network lifetime in wireless sensor networks. Moreover, in large-scale networks with a large number of sensor nodes, multiple sink nodes should be deployed, not only to increase the manageability of the network, but also to reduce the energy-dissipation at each node. In this paper, we focus on the multiple sink location problems in large-scale wireless sensor networks. Different problems depending on the design criteria are presented. We consider locating sink nodes to the sensor environment, where we are given a time constraint that states the minimum required operational time for the sensor network. We use simulation techniques to evaluate the quality of our solution.
Organocatalytic asymmetric allylic alkylation of oxindoles with Morita–Baylis–Hillman carbonates (2009)

The organic Lewis base-catalysed asymmetric allylic alkylation of 3-substituted oxindoles with Morita-Baylis-Hillman carbonates is reported, affording multifunctional oxindoles with adjacent quaternary and tertiary chiral centres (dr up to 92 : 8, 86-97% ee).
RE: “RISK OF MISCARRIAGE AND A COMMON VARIANT OF THE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR GENE” (1994)

Journal Article RE: "RISK OF MISCARRIAGE AND A COMMON VARIANT OF THE ESTROGEN RECEPTOR GENE" Get access Beth S. Schachter, Beth S. Schachter Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Science Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY 10029-6574 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Steven Lehrer Steven Lehrer Department of Radiation Oncology Mount Sinai School of MedicineNew York, NY 10029-6574 Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar American Journal of Epidemiology, Volume 140, Issue 12, 15 December 1994, Page 1144, https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a117216 Published: 15 December 1994
Effect of film thickness on the performance of photopolymers as holographic recording materials (2000)

An important issue in developing applications for photopolymers in holography is the effect of film thickness on recording properties. Now it is possible to create these samples with a much wider range of thickness (d = 20-1400 mum) than was previously available. We exploit these recent advances in photopolymer processing to systematically evaluate how the dynamic range of a photopolymer depends on its thickness. The results illustrate that sample performance increases linearly with thickness as predicted by standard models of volume holography. However, above a critical thickness sample performance degrades, and the angular response of recorded plane-wave holograms shows evidence of grating curvature. These distortions are likely the result of photopolymer shrinkage, which in thicker samples occurs in a nonuniform fashion. This problem limits the performance of these photopolymers and is likely to be an issue for any photopolymer that undergoes comparable polymerization shrinkage.
Insights on outsourcing (2004)

What's in it for us? For them? Where are we headed?
Maritime archaeological exhibition in the Museum Nasional in Indonesia (1992)

The Indonesian Archipelago comprises 17 000 islands surrounded by water, The actual land area is approximately 2 000 000 km' with a total sea area of 3 200 000 km' according to the norm of the Exclusive Economic Zone. Because of the seafaring people living in Indonesia it is often called a maritime country.
Approche systématique de l'optimisation du dimensionnement et de l'élaboration de lois de gestion d'énergie de véhicules hybrides (2004)

An hybrid vehicle is a vehicle with at least two energy sources available for its displacement. In the case of a thermal-electric hybrid vehicle, one source is non-reversible (fuel tank) and the other reversible (battery).<br />The goal is to optimize the use of the battery energy, so as to minimize fuel consumption of the vehicle (and then CO2 emissions). This optimization is possible by using the freedom degrees in the powertrain of the vehicle (gearbox ratios for example), while satisfying power request of the driver.
Dying back type axonal degeneration of sensory nerve terminals in muscle spindles of the gracile axonal dystrophy (GAD) mutant mouse (1992)

A disorder of the gracile axonal dystrophy (GAD) mutant mouse is characterized by a neuromuscular disease with sensory ataxia (detectable 30 days after birth) and paresis of the hindlimbs (detectable at 80 days). In the sensory ataxia stage, histological study of the primary sensory system shows that, in addition to the lesions in the central nervous system, peripherally projecting axons have also started to degenerate at their distal ends in muscle spindles. Although the structure of Ia fibre endings appear normal until 15 days after birth, initial changes in the annulo-spiral structure are detected around the 20th day by a degeneration of the terminal axons. Degeneration then progressed proximally and the secondary endings also start to degenerate. Neuron cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglia are morphologically intact until the later stages. Chronological studies indicate that, although axonal degeneration progresses throughout life, it is accentuated during the rapid somatic growth period. Around 50 days of age, transient regeneration takes place at axonal endings when somatic growth has attained a plateau. Such primary sensory endings tend to be restored by fine, multiple axons which gain access to the intrafusal fibres through the original endoneurial tubes. Ultrastructural observations at the fully affected stage show intrafusal muscle fibres lying scattered within spindles due to loss of the fine network of inner capsule layers and an almost complete loss of sensory endings from the surface of intrafusal muscle fibres. These results indicate that this mutant mouse is a useful model for naturally occurring 'dying back' type axonal degeneration or 'central and peripheral distal axonopathies', and would provide significant information about the complete evolution of the pathological processes involved.
Asymptotic Properties of Nearest Neighbor Rules Using Edited Data (1972)

The convergence properties of a nearest neighbor rule that uses an editing procedure to reduce the number of preclassified samples and to improve the performance of the rule are developed. Editing of the preclassified samples using the three-nearest neighbor rule followed by classification using the single-nearest neighbor rule with the remaining preclassified samples appears to produce a decision procedure whose risk approaches the Bayes' risk quite closely in many problems with only a few preclassified samples. The asymptotic risk of the nearest neighbor rules and the nearest neighbor rules using edited preclassified samples is calculated for several problems.
Automatic Integration of Simulated Systems into OPC UA Networks (2020)

This paper demonstrates the integration of OPC Unified Architecture (OPC UA) communication capabilities in a simulation framework. The proposed approach is based on a data mapping from the simulation's meta data model to the OPC UA information model and a concurrent architecture based on message passing between the OPC UA server and the simulation software. The data mapping utilizes the simulation's and OPC UA's reflection mechanisms to automatically generate OPC UA address spaces from simulation models. The inverse mapping is used to automatically generate simulation model structure from queries to an existing OPC UA server. The concurrent architecture enables large numbers of simulated objects to be equipped with individual and independent OPC UA servers and clients. This allows the simulation of entire scenarios with simulated objects communicating with each other and with external software. The usefulness extends to distributed simulation use cases, where models populate individual instances of the simulation software and communicate over a real network. The implementation is applied to simulate an automotive production line, where multiple machines are equipped with individual OPC UA servers and communicate with 3rd party software. Stress tests show, that the implementation can handle significant network load.
Fracture Resistance of Wire-Wrapped Cylinders (1973)

Steel cylinders wrapped with steel wire have the capability of offering not only an economical high-strength structure, but also a structure with improved fracture resistance compared with that of an unwrapped cylinder of equivalent strength. Accordingly, 2000-psi-pressure hydraulic burst tests were therefore conducted to determine the fracture resistance of 36-in-dia, 60-ksi yield-strength, 1000-psi-pressure wire-wrapped cylinders at different levels of shell notch ductility, which was varied by testing at different temperatures. The cylinders were prestressed with 1/4-in-dia cold-drawn wire, and the shells contained part-through-wall flaws. A similarly flawed unwrapped cylinder was tested for comparison. The working-stress level was 72 percent of the specified minimum yield strength in the shell and 60 percent of the minimum tensile strength in the wire. The results showed that at a pressure double that of the unwrapped shell, no crack extension occurred at a temperature at which the steel exhibited fully ductile shell behavior (+110 deg F). A 2-ft crack extension occurred at a temperature (+10 deg F) at which the steel was still in the transition temperature range from ductile-to-brittle behavior (about 20 percent shear fracture), but a brittle crack (−70 deg F) propagated to the end of the wire-wrapped shell. Except for the brittle propagating crack, wire wrapping appears to provide sufficient constraint of a shell defect or propagating crack to limit bulging and crack-opening displacement. A model based on the compatibility in displacements between the crack opening and the local wire strain is presented for calculating the arrest conditions of the propagating crack in the test at 10 deg F. The same flaw size was critical at the constant failure pressure for all test temperatures, and showed that, as predicted, ductile initiation occurs even at the −70 deg F temperature in both the wrapped and unwrapped-cylinder tests. A circumferential flaw was shown to be less critical than a longitudinal flaw of the same size.
Effects of semiconductor surface band pinning on scanning electrostatic force microscopy (1998)

Scanning electrostatic force microscopy, along with a subset of this technique, scanning Kelvin probe microscopy, have been used to explore the materials composition and doping of semiconductor surfaces. Moreover, micromachined semiconductor probes are frequently used in SEFM, SKPM and scanning capacitance microscopy instruments in order to probe the nature of generic surfaces. Some work has been done to explore the electromechanical, and electrostatic nature of the probe- surface interaction for SEFM and SKPM. For instance, it has been demonstrated that band pinning at the semiconductor surface, caused by excessively large values of the ac voltage applied between the probe and substrate, creates a false null in an SKPM signal, masking the true nature of the surface. Recently, results of SEFM probes of semiconductor surfaces have been reported, which used large values of the ac voltage applied between the probe and the substrate. In this work, we demonstrate theoretically the effects of both large-signal behavior on the SEFM technique. We also demonstrate the effect of electric field penetration into a semiconductor surface or probe tip on the mechanical response of the probe. The results are compared to measurements, and set in the context of recent work wherein large-signal SEFM techniques are employed.
VEGF receptor 2 and the adherens junction as a mechanical transducer in vascular endothelial cells (2002)

Blood-flow interactions with the vascular endothelium represents a specialized example of mechanical regulation of cell function that has important physiological and pathophysiological cardiovascular consequences. Yet, the mechanisms of mechanostransduction are not understood fully. This study shows that shear stress induces a rapid induction as well as nuclear translocation of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 and promotes the binding of the VEGF receptor 2 and the adherens junction molecules, VE-cadherin and beta-catenin, to the endothelial cytoskeleton. These changes are accompanied by the formation of a complex containing the VEGF receptor 2-VE-cadherin-beta-catenin. In endothelial cells lacking VE-cadherin, shear stress did not augment nuclear translocation of the VEGF receptor 2 and phosphorylation of Akt1 and P38 as well as transcriptional induction of a reporter gene regulated by a shear stress-responsive promoter. These results suggest that VEGF receptor 2 and the adherens junction act as shear-stress cotransducers, mediating the transduction of shear-stress signals into vascular endothelial cells.
THD Minimization in Cascade Multi-level Inverters with a Few DC Sources and Optimum Voltage Levels (2013)

Arthroscopic capsular release allows direct visualization and release of inflamed tissues in refractory frozen shoulder. The reticular neural network in the long head of the biceps tendon (LHBT) and nerve endings of the transverse humeral ligament (THL) might be responsible for shoulder pain. We hypothesized that patients with painful refractory frozen shoulder benefited from pan-capsular release, THL release, and LHBT tenodesis. The LHBT tenodesis decreased the possibility of LHBT instability. The balance of the shoulder joint was maintained after such extensive release. From October 2013 to June 2019, patients with painful refractory frozen shoulder were enrolled consecutively at the same institute. All patients received arthroscopic pan-capsular, THL release, and suprapectoral LHBT tenodesis with a minimum of 2-year follow-up. Preoperative and postoperative shoulder range of motion (ROM), pain visual analog scale (PVAS), subjective shoulder value (SSV), constant score, LHBT score, acromio-humeral distance (AHD), and critical shoulder angle (CSA) were recorded. In total, 35 patients with an average age of 53.1 ± 9 years were enrolled. The average follow-up period was 24 ± 1.5 months. Forward elevation improved from 105.1° ± 17° to 147° ± 12° (p < 0.001), external rotation improved from 24.1° ± 13.3° to 50.9° ± 9.7° (p < 0.001), and internal rotation improved from L3 to T9 (p < 0.001), respectively, at final follow-up. PVAS improved from 7.3 ± 1.1 to 1.8 ± 0.6 (p < 0.001), constant score from 23.4 ± 11 to 80.7 ± 5.2 (p < 0.001), and SSV from 27.7 ± 10.5 to 77.4 ± 3.8, respectively, at follow-up. No differences were found in AHD and CSA after surgery (p = 0.316, and p = 0.895, respectively). Patients with painful refractory frozen shoulder benefited from pan-capsular and THL release. A radiographically balanced shoulder joint was maintained even after such extensive release.
Breast Density: Clinical Implications and Assessment Methods (2015)

Breast density assessment is an important component of the screening mammography report and conveys information to referring clinicians about mammographic sensitivity and the relative risk for developing breast cancer. These topics have gained substantial attention because of recent legislation in several states that requires patients to be informed of dense breast tissue and the potential for associated breast cancer risk and decreased mammographic sensitivity. Because of the considerable implications of diagnosing a woman with dense breast tissue, radiologists should strive to be as consistent as possible when assessing breast density. Commonly used methods of breast density assessment range from subjective visual estimation to quantitative calculations of area and volume density percentages made with complex computer algorithms. The basic principles of currently available commercial methods of calculating fibroglandular density are described and illustrated. There is no criterion standard for determining breast density, but understanding the pros and cons of the various assessment methods will allow radiologists to make informed decisions. Radiologists should understand the basic factors involved in breast density assessment, the changes related to density assessment described in the fifth edition of the American College of Radiology Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon, and the capabilities of currently available software. Online supplemental material is available for this article.