gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design and Mechanical Sensitivity Analysis of a MEMS Tuning Fork Gyroscope with an Anchored Leverage Mechanism (2019)

This paper presents the design and analysis of a new micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) tuning fork gyroscope (TFG), which can effectively improve the mechanical sensitivity of the gyroscope sense-mode by the designed leverage mechanism. A micromachined TFG with an anchored leverage mechanism is designed. The dynamics and mechanical sensitivity of the design are theoretically analyzed. The improvement rate of mechanical sensitivity (IRMS) is introduced to represent the optimization effect of the new structure compared with the conventional one. The analytical solutions illustrate that the IRMS monotonically increases with increased stiffness ratio of the power arm (SRPA) but decreases with increased stiffness ratio of the resistance arm (SRRA). Therefore, three types of gyro structures with different stiffness ratios are designed. The mechanical sensitivities increased by 79.10%, 81.33% and 68.06% by theoretical calculation. Additionally, FEM simulation demonstrates that the mechanical sensitivity of the design is in accord with theoretical results. The linearity of design is analyzed, too. Consequently, the proposed new anchored leverage mechanism TFG offers a higher displacement output of sense mode to improve the mechanical sensitivity.
Crowdsourcing based spatial mining of urban emergency events using social media (2015)

With the advances of information communication technologies, it is critical to improve the efficiency and accuracy of emergency management systems through modern data processing techniques. The past decade has witnessed the tremendous technical advances in Sensor Networks, Internet/Web of Things, Cloud Computing, Mobile/Embedded Computing, Spatial/Temporal Data Processing, and Big Data, and these technologies have provided new opportunities and solutions to emergency management. GIS models and simulation capabilities are used to exercise response and recovery plans during non-disaster times. They help the decision-makers understand near real-time possibilities during an event. In this paper, a crowdsourcing based model for mining spatial information of urban emergency events is introduced. Firstly, basic definitions of the proposed method are given. Secondly, positive samples are selected to mine the spatial information of urban emergency events. Thirdly, location and GIS information are extracted from positive samples. At last, the real spatial information is determined based on address and GIS information. At last, a case study on an urban emergency event is given.
Image Defogging Framework Using Segmentation and the Dark Channel Prior (2021)

Foggy images suffer from low contrast and poor visibility problem along with little color information of the scene. It is imperative to remove fog from images as a pre-processing step in computer vision. The Dark Channel Prior (DCP) technique is a very promising defogging technique due to excellent restoring results for images containing no homogeneous region. However, having a large homogeneous region such as sky region, the restored images suffer from color distortion and block effects. Thus, to overcome the limitation of DCP method, we introduce a framework which is based on sky and non-sky region segmentation and restoring sky and non-sky parts separately. Here, isolation of the sky and non-sky part is done by using a binary mask formulated by floodfill algorithm. The foggy sky part is restored by using Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) and non-sky part by modified DCP. The restored parts are blended together for the resultant image. The proposed method is evaluated using both synthetic and real world foggy images against state of the art techniques. The experimental result shows that our proposed method provides better entropy value than other stated techniques along with have better natural visual effects while consuming much lower processing time.
QoS guarantee and provisioning at the contention-based wireless MAC layer in the IEEE 802.11e wireless LANs (2006)

This article investigates and provides novel solutions for a new research avenue to support QoS in contention-based distributed WLANs. Although QoS is easier to manage in centrally controlled and reservation-based MAC protocols, they are hardly implemented in today's products due to several reasons, such as their higher complexity and their inefficiency for normal data transmissions, lack of robustness, and the strong assumption of global synchronizations. Additionally, end users like contention-based protocols because they plug and play. Almost all end-user networks need a MAC layer, and the IEEE 802.11 WLAN and Ethernet have become widely deployed since these contention-based MAC protocols are simple, robust, and allow fast installation with minimal management and maintenance costs. There is a clear need to support QoS guarantees and provisioning at the contention-based MAC layer. QoS guarantee and bandwidth allocation schemes have been well studied for mobile cellular networks, in which bandwidth is deterministic in terms of number of channels by frequency division, time division, or code division. On the other hand, bandwidth allocation in contention-based distributed WLANs is extremely challenging due to the contention constraint, the packet-based network, and, most important, an unknown number of stations competing for access to the only channel available. As a consequence, both guaranteeing QoS and efficiently allocating bandwidth are challenging issues.
Living Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerizations of 3,4-Difunctional Cyclobutenes (1995)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleLiving Ring-Opening Metathesis Polymerizations of 3,4-Difunctional CyclobutenesMichael G. Perrott and Bruce M. NovakCite this: Macromolecules 1995, 28, 9, 3492–3494Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1995Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1995https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00113a062https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00113a062research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views202Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
1,2,3-Triazolium-Based Poly(ionic liquid)s with Enhanced Ion Conducting Properties Obtained through a Click Chemistry Polyaddition Strategy (2014)

1,2,3-Triazolium-based poly(ionic liquid)s containing a triethylene glycol spacer were synthesized from the polyaddition of an α-azide-ω-alkyne monomer by copper-catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) followed by quaternization reactions with alkyl halides and subsequent anion exchanges with different fluorinated salts. A detailed structure–property relationship for solubility, thermal stability, and ionic conductivity was investigated by means of 1H NMR spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and broadband dielectric spectroscopy (BDS). One of these poly(ionic liquid)s with a methyl substituent and bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide anion exhibits an ionic conductivity of 2 × 10–5 S cm–1 at 30 °C, which is on par with the best PILs with side-chain charge carriers reported so far and is much higher than any previously reported ionenes. The straightforward synthesis along with the broad structural design and enhanced properties of this new class of poly(ionic liquid)s offer both fundamental and applicative perspectives.
Age Related Decrease in the Density of Dopamine D<sub>1</sub> and D<sub>2</sub> Receptors in Corpus Striatum of Rats (1987)

The densities (Bmax) and apparent dissociation constants (Kd) of D1 and D2 receptors in striatum and of 5-HT2 receptors in cortex of rats aged 1, 3, 7 and 12 months have been determined using 3H-SCH 23390, 3H-spiperone and 3H-ketanserin, respectively, as ligands. No changes in Kd's were seen. The density of D1 receptors decreases continuously from 1 month, attaining approximately 65% at 12 months of age. The density of D2 receptors increases slightly from 1 to 3 months, followed by a decrease until 12 months of age, where the level is approximately 80% of the 1 month value. The rise D2 receptor density is less apparent when calculated on a protein basis due to a concomitant increase in protein content of corpus striatum. The ratio between D1 and D2 receptors remains constant, approximately 4.2, from 1 to 12 months of age. The density of 5-HT2 receptors decreased from 1 to 7 months and remained at this level also after 12 months.
Late-Night Salivary Cortisol as a Screening Test for Cushing’s Syndrome1 (1998)

The clinical features of Cushing's syndrome (such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes) are commonly encountered in clinical practice. Patients with Cushing's syndrome have been identified by an abnormal low-dose dexamethasone suppression test, elevated urine free cortisol (UFC), an absence of diurnal rhythm of plasma cortisol, or an elevated late-night plasma cortisol. Because the concentration of cortisol in the saliva is in equilibrium with the free (active) cortisol in the plasma, measurement of salivary cortisol in the evening (nadir) and morning (peak) may be a simple and convenient screening test for Cushing's syndrome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of the measurement of late-night and morning salivary cortisol in the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. We studied 73 normal subjects and 78 patients referred for the diagnosis of Cushing's syndrome. Salivary cortisol was measured at 2300 h and 0700 h using a simple, commercially-available saliva collection device and a modification of a standard cortisol RIA. In addition, 24-h UFC was measured within 1 month of saliva sampling. Patients with proven Cushing's syndrome (N = 39) had significantly elevated 2300-h salivary cortisol (24.0 +/- 4.5 nmol/L), as compared with normal subjects (1.2 +/- 0.1 nmol/L) or with patients referred with the clinical features of hypercortisolism in whom the diagnosis was excluded or not firmly established (1.6 +/- 0.2 nmol/L; N = 39). Three of 39 patients with proven Cushing's had 2300-h salivary cortisol less than the calculated upper limit of the reference range (3.6 nmol/L), yielding a sensitivity of 92%; one of these 3 patients had intermittent hypercortisolism, and one had an abnormal diurnal rhythm (salivary cortisol 0700-h to 2300-h ratio <2). An elevated 2300-h salivary cortisol and/or an elevated UFC identified all 39 patients with proven Cushing's syndrome (100% sensitivity). Salivary cortisol measured at 0700 h demonstrated significant overlap between groups, even though it was significantly elevated in patients with proven Cushing's syndrome (23.0 +/- 4.2 nmol/L), as compared with normal subjects (14.5 +/- 0.8 nmol/L) or with patients in whom Cushing's was excluded or not firmly established (15.3 +/- 1.5 nmol/L). Late-night salivary cortisol measurement is a simple and reliable screening test for spontaneous Cushing's syndrome. In addition, late-night salivary cortisol measurements may simplify the evaluation of suspected intermittent hypercortisolism, and they may facilitate the screening of large high-risk populations (e.g. patients with diabetes mellitus).
LOST: Longterm Observation of Scenes (with Tracks) (2012)

We introduce the Longterm Observation of Scenes (with Tracks) dataset. This dataset comprises videos taken from streaming outdoor webcams, capturing the same half hour, each day, for over a year. LOST contains rich metadata, including geolocation, day-by-day weather annotation, object detections, and tracking results. We believe that sharing this dataset opens opportunities for computer vision research involving very long-term outdoor surveillance, robust anomaly detection, and scene analysis methods based on trajectories. Efficient analysis of changes in behavior in a scene at very long time scale requires features that summarize large amounts of trajectory data in an economical way. We describe a trajectory clustering algorithm and aggregate statistics about these exemplars through time and show that these statistics exhibit strong correlations with external meta-data, such as weather signals and day of the week.
Efficient utilization of scratch-pad memory in embedded processor applications (2002)

Efficient utilization of on-chip memory space is extremely important in modern embedded system applications based on microprocessor cores. In addition to a data cache that interfaces with slower off-chip memory, a fast on-chip SRAM, called Scratch-Pad memory, is often used in several applications. We present a technique for efficiently exploiting on-chip Scratch-Pad memory by partitioning the application's scalar and array variables into off-chip DRAM and on-chip Scratch-Pad SRAM, with the goal of minimizing the total execution time of embedded applications. Our experiments on code kernels from typical applications show that our technique results in significant performance improvements.
Molecular Characterization of Multivalent Bioconjugates by Size-Exclusion Chromatography with Multiangle Laser Light Scattering (2012)

The degree of substitution and valency of bioconjugate reaction products are often poorly judged or require multiple time- and product-consuming chemical characterization methods. These aspects become critical when analyzing and optimizing the potency of costly polyvalent bioactive conjugates. In this study, size-exclusion chromatography with multiangle laser light scattering was paired with refractive index detection and ultraviolet spectroscopy (SEC-MALS-RI-UV) to characterize the reaction efficiency, degree of substitution, and valency of the products of conjugation of either peptides or proteins to a biopolymer scaffold, i.e., hyaluronic acid (HyA). Molecular characterization was more complete compared to estimates from a protein quantification assay, and exploitation of this method led to more accurate deduction of the molecular structures of polymer bioconjugates. Information obtained using this technique can improve macromolecular engineering design principles and help to better understand multivalent macromolecular interactions in biological systems.
In vitro hormonal effects of soybean isoflavones. (1995)

Isoflavones exhibit a multitude of biological effects that influence cell growth and regulation, and, thus, may have potential value in the prevention and treatment of cancer. Isoflavones are weak estrogens and can function both as estrogen agonists and antagonists depending on the hormonal milieu and the target tissue and species under investigation. Genistein, one of the two primary isoflavones in soybeans, has attracted much attention from the research community, not only because of its potential antiestrogenic effects, but because it inhibits several key enzymes thought to be involved in carcinogenesis. Although still speculative, greater dietary incorporation of soybean products, because of the high concentration of isoflavones, may be a safe and effective means of reducing cancer risk.
Sleep apnea and excessive daytime somnolence induced by vagal nerve stimulation (2003)

Vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy affects respiration during sleep and can interrupt sleep. VNS has also been noted to improve excessive daytime sleepiness. The authors present a patient who developed excessive daytime sleepiness after VNS placement, as a consequence of apneas and arousals associated with intermittent electrical stimulation of the left vagus nerve.
Identification and Analysis of Technology Emergence Using Patent Classification (2014)

Abstract : This report describes a new method for studying the emergence of technologies through the analysis of the relationships between patent applications and issued patents and their assigned classifications and subclassifications, which represents the network of connections between different technology areas. These classifications have been defined by the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO) and patent organizations in other countries and regions.
Facile Synthesis of Conductive Polypyrrole Wrinkle Topographies on Polydimethylsiloxane via a Swelling–Deswelling Process and Their Potential Uses in Tissue Engineering (2015)

Electrically conducting biomaterials have gained great attention in various biomedical studies especially to influence cell and tissue responses. In addition, wrinkling can present a unique topography that can modulate cell-material interactions. In this study, we developed a simple method to create wrinkle topographies of conductive polypyrrole (wPPy) on soft polydimethylsiloxane surfaces via a swelling-deswelling process during and after PPy polymerization and by varying the thickness of the PPy top layers. As a result, various features of wPPy in the range of the nano- and microscales were successfully obtained. In vitro cell culture studies with NIH 3T3 fibroblasts and PC12 neuronal cells indicated that the conductive wrinkle topographies promote cell adhesion and neurite outgrowth of PC12 cells. Our studies help to elucidate the design of the surface coating and patterning of conducting polymers, which will enable us to simultaneously provide topographical and electrical signals to improve cell-surface interactions for potential tissue-engineering applications.
A survey on sentiment analysis methods and approach (2017)

Data Analytics is widely used in many industries and organization to make a better Business decision. By applying analytics to the structured and unstructured data the enterprises brings a great change in their way of planning and decision making. Sentiment analysis (or) opinion mining plays a significant role in our daily decision making process. These decisions may range from purchasing a product such as mobile phone to reviewing the movie to making investments — all the decisions will have a huge impact on the daily life. Sentiment Analysis is dealing with various issues such as Polarity Shift, accuracy related issues, Binary Classification problem and Data sparsity problem. However various methods were introduced for performing sentiment analysis, still that are not efficient in extracting the sentiment features from the given content of text. Naive Bayes, Support Vector Machine, Maximum Entropy are the machine learning algorithms used for sentiment analysis which has only a limited sentiment classification category ranging between positive and negative. Especially supervised and unsupervised algorithms have only limited accuracy in handling polarity shift and binary classification problem. Even though the advancement in sentiment Analysis technique there are various issues still to be noticed and make the analysis not accurately and efficiently. So this paper presents the survey on various sentiment Analysis methodologies and approaches in detailed. This will be helpful to earn clear knowledge about sentiment analysis methodologies. At last the comparison is made between various paper's approach and issues addressed along with the metrics used.
Effects of lead on neurophysiological and performance measures: animal and human data. (1990)

This paper reports lead-induced changes in neuropsychological measures and behavioral performance measures in monkeys and children. Monkeys were pre- and postnatally exposed to lead via the diet. Blood lead levels at the time of testing were 9.3, 40.3, and 55.7 micrograms/dL in controls, and animals exposed to 350 ppm or 600 ppm lead acetate, respectively. Flash-evoked and brainstem auditory-evoked potentials were recorded in adult animals. Results indicate latency increases in both measures as well as amplitude decreases in the flash-evoked response. Delayed reaction time and serial choice reaction were determined as measures of behavioral performance in lead-exposed school-age children from two lead smelter areas. In addition, pattern-reversal-evoked potentials and nerve conduction velocity were investigated. Neither nerve conduction velocity nor latency of the pattern-reversal-evoked potential were consistently influenced by lead. Of the behavioral measures, serial choice reaction performance revealed a consistent lead-related deficit, which became more pronounced with increasing task difficulty.
Protection against Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection by B- and T-Cell-Mediated Mechanisms (2018)

<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. <i>S. aureus</i> colonizes 20 to 80% of humans at any one time and causes a variety of illnesses. Strains that are resistant to common antibiotics further complicate management. <i>S. aureus</i> vaccine development has been unsuccessful so far, largely due to the incomplete understanding of the mechanisms of protection against this pathogen. Here, we studied the role of different aspects of adaptive immunity induced by an <i>S. aureus</i> vaccine in protection against <i>S. aureus</i> bacteremia, dermonecrosis, skin abscess, and gastrointestinal (GI) colonization. We show that, depending on the challenge model, the contributions of vaccine-induced <i>S. aureus</i>-specific antibody and Th1 and Th17 responses to protection are different: antibodies play a major role in reducing mortality during <i>S. aureus</i> bacteremia, whereas Th1 or Th17 responses are essential for prevention of <i>S. aureus</i> skin abscesses and the clearance of bacteria from the GI tract. Both antibody- and T-cell-mediated mechanisms contribute to prevention of <i>S. aureus</i> dermonecrosis. Engagement of all three immune pathways results in the most robust protection under each pathological condition. Therefore, our results suggest that eliciting multipronged humoral and cellular responses to <i>S. aureus</i> antigens may be critical to achieve effective and comprehensive immune defense against this pathogen.<b>IMPORTANCE</b><i>S. aureus</i> is a leading cause of healthcare- and community-associated bacterial infections. <i>S. aureus</i> causes various illnesses, including bacteremia, meningitis, endocarditis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, sepsis, and skin and soft tissue infections. <i>S. aureus</i> colonizes between 20 and 80% of humans; carriers are at increased risk for infection and transmission to others. The spread of multidrug-resistant strains limits antibiotic treatment options. Vaccine development against <i>S. aureus</i> has been unsuccessful to date, likely due to an inadequate understanding about the mechanisms of immune defense against this pathogen. The significance of our work is in illustrating the necessity of generating multipronged B-cell, Th1-, and Th17-mediated responses to <i>S. aureus</i> antigens in conferring enhanced and broad protection against <i>S. aureus</i> invasive infection, skin and soft tissue infection, and mucosal colonization. Our work thus, provides important insights for future vaccine development against this pathogen.