gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
From plasma crystals and helical structures towards inorganic living matter (2007)

Complex plasmas may naturally self-organize themselves into stable interacting helical structures that exhibit features normally attributed to organic living matter. The self-organization is based on non-trivial physical mechanisms of plasma interactions involving over-screening of plasma polarization. As a result, each helical string composed of solid microparticles is topologically and dynamically controlled by plasma fluxes leading to particle charging and over-screening, the latter providing attraction even among helical strings of the same charge sign. These interacting complex structures exhibit thermodynamic and evolutionary features thought to be peculiar only to living matter such as bifurcations that serve as 'memory marks', self-duplication, metabolic rates in a thermodynamically open system, and non-Hamiltonian dynamics. We examine the salient features of this new complex 'state of soft matter' in light of the autonomy, evolution, progenity and autopoiesis principles used to define life. It is concluded that complex self-organized plasma structures exhibit all the necessary properties to qualify them as candidates for inorganic living matter that may exist in space provided certain conditions allow them to evolve naturally.
CNN Based Page Object Detection in Document Images (2017)

This electronic document is a "live" template. The various components of your paper [title, text, heads, etc.] are Abstract-Object detection in natural scenes has been widely researched in the past decade, and many deep learning based methods have achieved good performance on this task. This paper focuses on how to transfer and refine those object detection approaches from natural scene images to documents images, and proposes a deep learning-based page object (e.g., tables, formulae, figures) detection method. On the basis of traditional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) based object detection methods, we redesign the region proposal method, the training strategy, the network structure and replace the Non-Maximum Suppression (NMS) with a dynamic programming algorithm. The experimental results show that it is essential to adjust some modules of the natural scene object detection approaches in order to better process the document images. The proposed method also achieved better performance compared with existing page object detection methods.
Techno-economic Analysis for the Thermochemical Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol via Acetic Acid Synthesis (2009)

Biomass is a renewable energy resource that can be converted into liquid fuel suitable for transportation applications. As a widely available biomass form, lignocellulosic biomass can have a major impact on domestic transportation fuel supplies and thus help meet the Energy Independence and Security Act renewable energy goals (U.S. Congress 2007). This study performs a techno-economic analysis of the thermo chemical conversion of biomass to ethanol, through methanol and acetic acid, followed by hydrogenation of acetic acid to ethanol. The conversion of syngas to methanol and methanol to acetic acid are well-proven technologies with high conversions and yields. This study was undertaken to determine if this highly selective route to ethanol could provide an already established economically attractive route to ethanol. The feedstock was assumed to be wood chips at 2000 metric ton/day (dry basis). Two types of gasification technologies were evaluated: an indirectly-heated gasifier and a directly-heated oxygen-blown gasifier. Process models were developed and a cost analysis was performed. The carbon monoxide used for acetic acid synthesis from methanol and the hydrogen used for hydrogenation were assumed to be purchased and not derived from the gasifier. Analysis results show that ethanol selling prices are estimated to be $2.79/gallon and $2.81/gallon for the indirectly-heated gasifier and the directly-heated gasifier systems, respectively (1stQ 2008$, 10% ROI). These costs are above the ethanol market price for during the same time period ($1.50 - $2.50/gal). The co-production of acetic acid greatly improves the process economics as shown in the figure below. Here, 20% of the acetic acid is diverted from ethanol production and assumed to be sold as a co-product at the prevailing market prices ($0.40 - $0.60/lb acetic acid), resulting in competitive ethanol production costs.
Adapting Treemaps to Stock Portfolio Visualization (1992)

Treemap visualization techniques are extended and applied to stock market portfolios via a prototype application. Designed to facilitate financial decision-making, the prototype provides an overview of large amounts of hierarchical financial data and allows users to alter aspects of the visual display dynamically. Treemap concepts are illustrated via examples which address common portfolio management needs. (Also cross-referenced as CAR-TR-648) (Also cross-referenced as SRC-TR-92-120)
AlleleSeq: analysis of allele‐specific expression and binding in a network framework (2011)

To study allele-specific expression (ASE) and binding (ASB), that is, differences between the maternally and paternally derived alleles, we have developed a computational pipeline (AlleleSeq). Our pipeline initially constructs a diploid personal genome sequence (and corresponding personalized gene annotation) using genomic sequence variants (SNPs, indels, and structural variants), and then identifies allele-specific events with significant differences in the number of mapped reads between maternal and paternal alleles. There are many technical challenges in the construction and alignment of reads to a personal diploid genome sequence that we address, for example, bias of reads mapping to the reference allele. We have applied AlleleSeq to variation data for NA12878 from the 1000 Genomes Project as well as matched, deeply sequenced RNA-Seq and ChIP-Seq data sets generated for this purpose. In addition to observing fairly widespread allele-specific behavior within individual functional genomic data sets (including results consistent with X-chromosome inactivation), we can study the interaction between ASE and ASB. Furthermore, we investigate the coordination between ASE and ASB from multiple transcription factors events using a regulatory network framework. Correlation analyses and network motifs show mostly coordinated ASB and ASE.
Basigin (murine EMMPRIN) stimulates matrix metalloproteinase production by fibroblasts (2001)

Analysis of basigin-null mice has shown that basigin is involved in several important physiological processes including reproductive, immune, and neural activities (Igakura et al., 1998, Dev Biol 194:152–165). However, its molecular mechanism of action in these processes has not yet been established. Our objective here is to determine whether basigin has functional properties similar to its apparent human tumor cell homolog, EMMPRIN, i.e., the ability to stimulate matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) production in fibroblasts (Guo et al. 1997, J Biol Chem 272:24–27). Mouse cells express two major forms of basigin that differ in their degree of glycosylation (molecular weights: 45 and 58 kDa) but, in similar fashion to human EMMPRIN, mouse tumor cells express higher levels of basigin than normal cells. We have used three different methods to show that basigin stimulates MMP expression in fibroblasts. First, recombinant basigin was partially purified from transfected CHO cells by affinity chromatography. This basigin preparation stimulates production of MMPs on addition to fibroblasts in culture. Second, co-culture of basigin-transfected CHO cells with fibroblasts gives rise to increased expression of MMPs as compared to control co-cultures. Third, we employed a novel approach in which a recombinant basigin adenovirus was constructed and used to infect the target fibroblasts, so that mutual stimulation between neighboring fibroblasts would be expected to result. In this method also, basigin stimulates production of MMPs. Finally, we showed that addition of basigin or EMMPRIN antibody, respectively, to recombinant basigin or EMMPRIN adenovirus-infected cells augments stimulation of MMP synthesis, implying that cross-linking of basigin/EMMPRIN in the membrane enhances activity. We conclude that murine basigin and human EMMPRIN have similar MMP-inducing activities and are functional homologs. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Patterning 0.1-μm device by using hybrid PSM (2001)

Phase shifting mask (PSM) is a method widely known that can enhance optical resolution. Previous work has shown that attenuated PSM with off axis illumination and dark field alternating PSM with double exposure are the two most prominent methods. Both have been shown to print pattern smaller than 0.1 micrometer using KrF. However, using this technique in manufacturing can run into issues on unacceptable overlay error, stronger proximity effect, highly complicated layout, and with much lower wafer printing throughput. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid PSM design and we have characterized the performance by using both simulation and actual wafer data. Our approach is to combine alternating and attenuated PSM into one mask design. For mask making, we have elected to use a high transmission, phase shifting material that coupled with quartz etch process. Several feature types we studied. Of those, poly-gate pattern for both ASIC and DRAM were demonstrated. Data preparation and mask making technology have both been taken into consideration in our analysis. By using this hybrid PSM, sub-0.1 micrometer pattern could be printed with single KrF exposure and with much reduced layout complexity.
Development of Di-Air - A New Diesel deNOx System by Adsorbed Intermediate Reductants (2011)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">An unprecedented phenomenon that achieves high NOx conversion was found over an NSR catalyst. This phenomenon occurs when continuous short cycle injections of hydrocarbons (HCs) are supplied at a predetermined concentration in lean conditions. Furthermore, this phenomenon has a wider range of applicability for different catalyst temperatures (up to 800 degrees Celsius) and SVs, and for extending thermal and sulfur durability than a conventional NOx storage and reduction system. This paper analyzes the reaction mechanism and concludes it to be highly active HC-deNOx by intermediates generated from adsorbed NOx over the base catalysts and HCs partially oxidized by oscillated HC injection. Subsequently, a high performance deNOx system named Di-Air (diesel NOx aftertreatment by adsorbed intermediate reductants) was demonstrated that applies this concept to high speed driving cycles.</div></div>
Potential for methotrexate exposure through contamination during parenteral use as an immunosuppressant (2009)

Deliberate skin contamination and possible inhalation of a 25 mg MTX solution failed to show significant or quantifiable serum and urine concentrations to suggest MTX toxicity. Precautions to prevent contact with MTX designed for oncology protocols are unnecessary for our rheumatology patients or their carers using these much lower immunosuppressant doses for autoimmune diseases.
T helper cell polarization and the generation of varied antigen-dependent immune responses: a Markov chain model. (2008)

Based on model analysis and validation, modeling Th-mediated immune responses as a Markov chain process seems to be plausible. The large degree of flexibility inherent in such a view of adaptive immunity can be helpful in addressing questions pertinent to Th function and behavior.
A Method for the Dispersal and Characterization of Leukocytes from the Human Female Reproductive Tract (2000)

These studies demonstrate the feasibility of using enzymatic digestion for the isolation of whole populations of Fallopian tube, endometrial, cervical and vaginal cells, including leukocyte subsets in high yields, and provide a foundation for investigating mucosal immune cell function in the human female RT.
Sub-atmospheric pressure pool boiling of water on a screen-laminate enhanced surface (2009)

Saturated pool-boiling experiments at one atmosphere and sub-atmospheric pressure assess the utility of fine filament screen-laminate enhanced surfaces as effective bubble nucleation sites and bubble generators. Experiments were conducted on vertically oriented 4 cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> copper test surfaces in saturated distilled water at pressures of 0.2 atm., 0.3 atm., 0.5 atm., and 1 atm. Boiling performance characteristics are documented. It is found that boiling performance can be significantly improved by application of a multiple layer fine filament screen laminate to the heat transfer surface. In the present work, enhancement of up to 22 times that of the unenhanced surface was obtained at a superheat of 8 K and a pressure of 0.2 atm.
Thermo-chemical etching of Si3N4. (1988)

A low power CO2 laser was used to perform localized etching on Si3N4 coated with an aqueous KOH solution, and the etching characteristics were investigated. The laser power density is less then 10 kW/cm2, and Si3N4 cannot be etched only by laser irradiation. However, coating with an aqueous KOH solution, the surface can be etched by laser irradiation. The etching process is not accompanied by melting but by oxidation. The etching rate depends on the laser power density and the concentration of the KOH solution. The etched area is restricted to the laser irradiated area. The etched hole diameter depends on the laser power density, and it is possible to form an etched hole whose diameter is less than the one of the laser beam.
Step by Step Towards Creating a Safe Smart Contract: Lessons and Insights from a Cryptocurrency Lab. (2015)

We document our experiences in teaching smart contract programming to undergraduate students at the University of Maryland, the first pedagogical attempt of its kind. Since smart contracts deal directly with the movement of valuable currency units between contratual parties, security of a contract program is of paramount importance. Our lab exposed numerous common pitfalls in designing safe and secure smart contracts. We document several typical classes of mistakes students made, suggest ways to fix/avoid them, and advocate best practices for programming smart contracts. Finally, our pedagogical efforts have also resulted in online open course materials for programming smart contracts, which may be of independent interest to the community. 1
ICSE 2003 workshop on software architectures for dependable systems (2003)

This workshop summary gives a brief overview of a one-day Workshop on "Software Architectures for Dependable Systems" held in conjunction with ICSE 2003.
Fumaric and Citric Acids as Feed Additives in Starter Pig Diets: Effect on Performance and Nutrient Balance (1988)

The effect of dietary citric acid (CA) and fumaric acid (FA) on pig weight gain (ADG) and gain/feed (G/F) was studied in two trials using 192 crossbred, 4-wk-old weaning pigs. Three dietary levels (0, 1.5 or 3.0%) of either FA (Trial 1) or CA (Trial 2) with or without an antibiotic supplement (110 mg chlortetracycline, 110 mg sulfamethazine and 55 mg penicillin/kg diet) formed six treatment combinations in each trial. These six diets were fed to two replicate pens of eight pigs each for a 4-wk period. In Trial 1, ADG was improved (P less than .01) during wk 1, and G/F was improved during wk 1 (P less than .01) as well as during wk 1 to 2 (P less than .05) for pigs consuming FA-supplemented diets. In Trial 2, CA had no beneficial influence on ADG during the 4-wk trial. However, feed intake during wk 1 was depressed (P less than .05) by adding CA, as was G/F during wk 1 to 2 (P less than .05). Based on these results, FA was selected to be used in a nutrient balance study. Twelve 4-wk-old weanling pigs were fed one of three diets: control (C), C + 1.5% FA, or C + antibiotic supplement (A). Diet digestible energy (DE), ME and N-corrected ME (MEN) were not different among treatments. Nitrogen balance, percentage N retained and apparent N digestibility were not affected by dietary treatment. Calcium balance and percentage of Ca retained were unaffected by diet.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Enzymatic Degradation ofβ- and Mixedα,β-Oligopeptides (2006)

One of the main and most astonishing characteristics of peptides comprised of beta-amino acids with proteinogenic side chains is their extraordinarily high stability towards enzymatic degradation. So far, only certain microbial enzymes have been shown to cleave N-terminal beta(3)-homoamino acid residues from peptides. In this work, the L-aminopeptidase-D-amidase/esterase (DmpA) from Ochrobactrum anthropi LMG7991 is compared to two closely related beta-peptidyl aminopeptidases (BapA), which originate from Sphingosinicella strains, and to microsomal leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) as a reference. All four enzymes are aminopeptidases cleaving N-terminal amino acids from small peptides. Degradation experiments reveal that DmpA and both BapA enzymes exhibit unique, but clearly distinct substrate specificities and preferences. DmpA also cleaves beta- and mixed alpha,beta-peptides and amides, but a short side chain of the N-terminal beta-amino acid residue seems to be a prerequisite, since only peptides carrying N-terminal betahGly and beta(3)hAla are hydrolyzed with good efficiencies. Both beta-peptidyl aminopeptidases cleave beta-amino acids from a variety of beta-peptides and mixed alpha,beta-peptides, but they do not accept alpha-amino acids in the N-terminal position. Astonishingly, DmpA exhibited much higher catalytical rates for the mixed dipeptide carnosine (H-betahGly-His-OH) than for any other substrate described until now.
Distributed Battery Micro-Storage Systems Design and Operation in a Deregulated Electricity Market (2012)

This paper covers some design and operation aspects of distributed battery micro-storage systems in a deregulated electricity market system. In this paper, the term “micro” refers to the size of the energy storage (ES) system compared to the grid generation, with a capacity from few kilowatt-hours and up. Generally, ES enhances the performance of renewable distributed generators (DGs) and increases the efficiency of the entire power system. Energy storage allows for leveling the load, shaving peak demands, and furthermore, transacting power with the utility grid. In this paper, different design aspects of distributed micro-storage systems are covered such as system architecture, system sizing, power stage design, battery management system (BMS), economic aspects and operation in a deregulated electricity market with and without renewable DGs.
On Serotonin and Migraine: A Clinical and Pharmacological Review (1993)

Migraine patients have chronically low systemic 5-HT, predisposing them to develop migrainous headache once an attack has been initiated. Changes in platelet 5-HT content are not causally related, but reflect similar changes at a neuronal level. Stimulation of vascular 5-HT1 receptors, probably located in the vessel wall within the dural vascular bed, may alleviate the headache and associated symptoms, but does not interact with earlier mechanisms within the pathophysiological cascade. These receptors are of an as yet unidentified 5-HT1 subtype, closely resembling, but not identical to 5-HT1D receptors. Activation of these receptors results in vasoconstriction, inhibiting depolarization of sensory perivascular afferents within the trigemino-vascular system and thus stopping the headache. Additional inhibition of the release of vasoactive neuropeptides may be involved, but seems to be of only secondary clinical importance.
Ion energy distributions in inductively coupled plasmas having a biased boundary electrode (2012)

In many plasma materials processing applications requiring energetic ion bombardment such as plasma etching, control of the time-averaged ion energy distributions (IEDs) to surfaces is becoming increasingly important to discriminate between surface processes having different threshold energies. Inductively coupled plasmas (ICPs) are attractive in this regard since the plasma potential is low and so the energy of ion fluxes can be more finely tuned with externally applied biases. In these situations, pulsed plasmas provide another level of control as the IEDs from different times during the pulse power period can be combined to create the desired time-averaged IED. A recent development in controlling of IEDs in ICPs is the use of a boundary electrode (BE) in which a continuous or pulsed dc bias is applied to shift the plasma potential and modify the IEDs to surfaces without significant changes in the bulk plasma properties. Combinations of pulsing the ICP power and the BE bias provide additional flexibility to craft IEDs. In this paper we discuss results from a computational investigation of IEDs to a grounded substrate in low-pressure (a few to 50Â¬â€ mTorr) ICPs sustained in argon. Results are compared with experimental measurements of plasma properties and IEDs. We demonstrate the ability to customize IEDs consisting of three energy peaks corresponding to the plasma potential during the plasma active glow, plasma afterglow and the plasma potential with the applied boundary voltage.
Depth Sensing for Improved Control of Lower Limb Prostheses (2015)

Powered lower limb prostheses have potential to improve the quality of life of individuals with amputations by enabling all daily activities. However, seamless ambulation mode recognition is necessary to achieve this goal and is not yet a clinical reality. Current intent recognition systems use mechanical and EMG sensors to estimate prosthesis and user status. We propose to complement these systems by integrating information about the environment obtained through the depth sensing. This paper presents the design, characterization, and the early validation of a novel stair segmentation system based on Microsoft Kinect. Static and dynamic tests were performed. A first experiment showed how the resolution of the depth camera affects the speed and the accuracy of segmentation. A second test proved the robustness of the algorithm to different staircases. Finally, we performed an online walking test with the stair segmentation and related measures recorded online at >5 frames/s. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm allows for an accurate estimate of distance, angle of intersection, number of steps, stair height, and stair depth for a set of stairs in the environment. The online test produced an estimate of whether the individual was approaching stairs in real time with approximately 98.8% accuracy.
Agreement on Target-bidirectional Neural Machine Translation (2016)

Lemao Liu, Masao Utiyama, Andrew Finch, Eiichiro Sumita. Proceedings of the 2016 Conference of the North American Chapter of the Association for Computational Linguistics: Human Language Technologies. 2016.
ORGANIC PHOSPHORUS COMPOUNDS 97.<sup>1</sup>SYNTHESIS AND PROPERTIES OF 1-AMINO-2-ARYL- AND 2-PYRIDYL-ETHYLPHOSPHONIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES (1991)

Abstract 1-Amino-2-(o, m, and p-pyridyl)-ethylphosphonic acids, 5α, 5β and 5γ, have been prepared by alkylation of benzylideneaminomethylphosphonate, followed by hydrogenation and hydrolysis, whereas 1-amino- 2-(o, m, and p-methoxyphenyl)-ethyl phosphonic acids, 5i, 5k, and 51 and some other derivatives were obtained from the oximes by hydrogenation and hydrolysis. 1-Amino-2-pyridylethylphosphonic acids, 5α, 5β, and 5γ, and 1-amino-2-(alkoxy-substituted phenyl)- ethylphosphonic acids, 51, 5m, and 5n and others such as 5u show activity against Botrytis cinerea (on apple) and Cercospora (on peanuts). 5q is an inhibitor of anthocyanin synthesis in vivo. 3t exhibits activity against Piricularia (on rice) and 3w is active against Phytophthora (on tomato) and Plasmopora (on grapes). Key Words: 1-Amino-2-pyridylethylphosphonic acids1-amino-2-(alkoxy-substituted phenyl)- ethylphosphonic acids1-amino-2-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-ethylphosphonic acidshydrogenation of oximesbiological activity