gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Detecting Crack Initiation Based on Acoustic Emission (2013)

Acoustic Emission (AE) is a non-destructive testing (NDT) with potential applications for locating and monitoring fatigue cracks during structural health management. In this paper, the AE signal properties for identifying the presence of a small initial crack is assessed to provide the presence of the onset of a potential growing crack. The approach is based on establishing any association between particular features of AE and fatigue crack initiation. Experimental investigation from uniform cyclic loading tests performed on compact tension samples of 7075 aluminium alloys indicated that onset of crack can be identified through a multivariate statistical analysis of AE data. Optical microscopy is used as a measurement tool to size the actual small crack. Result from this testing showed that certain properties of the AE events noticeably change after crack initiation. It was concluded that AE technology can successfully detects crack initiation. The proposed method has significant potential to be used for in-situ monitoring and evaluation of health of structures.
Dependence on the MUC1-C Oncoprotein in Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells (2011)

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells are often associated with constitutive activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) → Akt → mTOR pathway. The mucin 1 (MUC1) heterodimeric glycoprotein is aberrantly overexpressed in NSCLC cells and induces gene signatures that are associated with poor survival of NSCLC patients. The present results show that the MUC1 C-terminal subunit (MUC1-C) cytoplasmic domain associates with PI3K p85 in NSCLC cells. We show that inhibition of MUC1-C with cell-penetrating peptides blocks this interaction with PI3K p85 and suppresses constitutive phosphorylation of Akt and its downstream effector, mTOR. In concert with these results, treatment of NSCLC cells with the MUC1-C peptide inhibitor GO-203 was associated with downregulation of PI3K → Akt signaling and inhibition of growth. GO-203 treatment was also associated with increases in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and induction of necrosis by a ROS-dependent mechanism. Moreover, GO-203 treatment of H1975 (EGFR L858R/T790M) and A549 (K-Ras G12S) xenografts growing in nude mice resulted in tumor regressions. These findings indicate that NSCLC cells are dependent on MUC1-C both for activation of the PI3K → Akt pathway and for survival.
High-Dose Methotrexate-Based Chemotherapy Followed by Consolidating Radiotherapy in Non–AIDS-Related Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma: European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Lymphoma Group Phase II Trial 20962 (2003)

MBVP followed by RT for PCNSL has a high response rate. However, the 10% toxic death rate during treatment in a multicenter setting underlines the need for highly specialized care.
A Graphite Oxide Paper Polymer Electrolyte for Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2011)

A flow directed assembly of graphite oxide solution was used in the formation of free-standing graphene oxide paper of approximate thickness of 100 μ m. The GO papers were characterised by XRD and SEM. Electrochemical characterization of the GO paper membrane electrode assembly revealed proton conductivities of 4.1 × 10 −2 S cm −1 to 8.2 × 10 −2 S cm −1 at temperatures of 25–90°C. A direct methanol fuel cell, at 60°C, gave a peak power density of 8 mW cm −2 at a current density of 35 mA cm −2 .
A $+$31.5 dBm CMOS RF Doherty Power Amplifier for Wireless Communications (2006)

A fully differential Doherty power amplifier (PA) is implemented in a 0.13-mum CMOS technology. The prototype achieves a maximum output power of +31.5 dBm with a peak power-added efficiency (PAE) of 36% (39% drain efficiency) with a GMSK modulated signal. The PAE is kept above 18% over a 10 dB range of output power. With a GSM/EDGE input signal, the measured peak output power while still meeting the GSM/EDGE mask and error vector magnitude (EVM) requirements is +25dBm with a peak PAE of 13% (PAE is 6% at 12 dB back-off). Instead of using a bulky lambda/4 transmission line, a passive impedance inverter is implemented as a compact lumped-element network. All circuit components are fully integrated on a single CMOS die except for an off-chip capacitor for output matching and baluns. The die size is 2.8times3.2mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> including all pads and bypass capacitors
Analysis of transmission line circuits using multi-dimensional model reduction techniques (2002)

This paper presents a new technique to reduce the order of transmission line circuits simultaneously with respect to multiple parameters. The reduction is based on multi-dimensional congruence transformation. The proposed algorithm provides efficient means to estimate the response of large distributed circuits simultaneously as a function of frequency and other design parameters.
Resistant hypertension: an overview. (1996)

Evaluation of the patient with resistant hypertension should include 24 h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring and an extensive search for hypertensive end organ damage. Contributing factors should be sought and stepped care should still form the basis for treatment decisions. The choice of third-line agent should be dictated by the patient's renin profile, current medication and any concomitant diseases.
Expanded Polytetrafluoroethylene Implants in Rhinoplasty: Literature Review, Operative Techniques, and Outcome (2003)

Gore-Tex, a form of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE), over the past 30 years has attracted much attention as an alloplast for use in rhinoplasty, both from advocates and opponents of its use. It has many desirable traits as an alloplast implant, but many surgeons harbor hesitation and reluctance for alloplast use in rhinoplasty based on historical data of previous nasal implants. Only when objective data from large series of patients with long-term follow-up become available will such skepticism be resolved. Large series of patients with Gore-Tex implant placement during rhinoplasty are beginning to emerge in the literature. The purpose of this article is twofold. The first is to provide the reader with an up-to-date review of the literature on the host response to polymer implants and, second, of the current indications and operative techniques for use and outcomes of Gore-Tex implants in rhinoplasty.
Information Seeking Can Be Social (2009)

For reasons ranging from obligation to curiosity, users have a strong inclination to seek information from others during the search process. Search systems using statistical analytics over traces left behind by others can help support the search experience.
A coherent multi-reader approach to increase the working range of passive RFID systems (2012)

A multi-reader system is presented which is capable of increasing the working range of passive RFID systems. This gain in range is obtained by using constructive superposition of the readers' RF waves. A coherent multi-reader demonstrator system has been designed that consists of two reader units and one central unit. The demonstrator system operates in the UHF band and allows for an arbitrary distributed placement of its units. Simulation results and indoor measurements are presented, which show a significant larger range of the multi-reader system in comparison to a single-reader.
Mussel-Inspired Thermoresponsive Polypeptide–Pluronic Copolymers for Versatile Surgical Adhesives and Hemostasis (2017)

Inspired by marine mussel adhesive proteins, polymers with catechol side groups have been extensively explored in industrial and academic research. Here, Pluronic L-31 alcoholate ions were used as the initiator to prepare a series of polypeptide-Pluronic-polypeptide triblock copolymers via ring-opening polymerization of l-DOPA-N-carboxyanhydride (DOPA-NCA), l-arginine-NCA (Arg-NCA), l-cysteine-NCA (Cys-NCA), and ε-N-acryloyl lysine-NCA (Ac-Lys-NCA). These copolymers demonstrated good biodegradability, biocompatibility, and thermoresponsive properties. Adhesion tests using porcine skin and bone as adherends demonstrated lap-shear adhesion strengths up to 106 kPa and tensile adhesion strengths up to 675 kPa. The antibleeding activity and tissue adhesive ability were evaluated using a rat model. These polypeptide-Pluronic copolymer glues showed superior hemostatic properties and superior effects in wound healing and osteotomy gaps. Complete healing of skin incisions and remodeling of osteotomy gaps were observed in all rats after 14 and 60 days, respectively. These copolymers have potential uses as tissue adhesives, antibleeding, and tissue engineering materials.
Effects of gamma-Irradiation on Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Blasts: In Vitro Studies of Proliferation, Constitutive Cytokine Secretion, and Accessory Cell Function During T Cell Activation (1999)

Generation of cellular immune responses against acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts is a possible therapeutic approach in leukemia therapy. However, when using native AML blasts as stimulator cells during ex vivo generation of leukemia-reactive T cells, one has to ensure that the T cell population is not contaminated with proliferating AML blasts. Our results demonstrate that gamma-irradiation could be used to stop AML blast proliferation for all patients investigated. However, gamma-irradiation also caused a dose-dependent reduction in the constitutive AML blast secretion of the potentially T cell stimulatory cytokines IL-1beta, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). At the same time, gamma-irradiation resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in anti-CD3-stimulated proliferative responses of T cell clones in the presence of AML blast accessory cells. When using 50 Gy irradiation, however, AML blast expansion was avoided, and anti-CD3 and PHA-stimulated T cell proliferation was detected in the presence of accessory AML blasts for most AML/T cell combinations investigated. When AML blasts were cultured with GM-CSF + IL-4 to develop a dendritic cell phenotype, enhanced T cell proliferation in the presence of in vitro precultured AML blasts was observed for most patients even after 50 Gy irradiation. We conclude that when using native AML blasts as accessory cells during in vitro generation of leukemia-reactive T cells, an irradiation dose of 50 Gy can be used for a majority of AML patients to avoid the risk of leukemia cell expansion during culture and with the maintenance of AML blast accessory cell function. However, when in vitro expanded cells are used in clinical trials, this antiproliferative effect should be documented with appropriate in vitro testing for every patient so that the possibility of decreased sensitivity to gamma-irradiation in exceptional patients is excluded.
Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Oligomers of Thienyleneethynylenes and Thienylenevinylene (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThird-Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Oligomers of Thienyleneethynylenes and ThienylenevinyleneTommy Geisler, Jan C. Petersen, Thomas Bjornholm, Erik Fischer, Jan Larsen, Christophe Dehu, Jean-Luc Bredas, Gregory V. Tormos, P. N. Nugara, and Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 40, 10102–10111Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1994https://doi.org/10.1021/j100091a027Request reuse permissionsArticle Views157Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (1 MB) Get e-Alerts
Performance Practice: Issues of Authentic Performance (1995)

According to this study, chromocolonoscopy detects significantly more hyperplastic and, in particular, adenomatous lesions than standard white light colonoscopy or NBI.
Ethylene–Norbornene Copolymers (2001)

Abstract A new family of addition copolymers based on ethylene and norbornene became commercially available in 2001. These totally amorphous copolymers are strong, stiff, highly transparent, and colorless and have very high moisture barrier as well as interesting electrical properties. This article describes the raw materials, manufacturing, properties, and applications of these new materials.
Polarisation-insensitive high-isolation nonreciprocal device for optical circulator application (1991)

A novel high-isolation structure for a polarisation-insensitive nonreciprocal device intended for optical circulator application is proposed. It consists of birefringent crystals and polarisation rotators. Experimental demonstration shows an isolation of over 42 dB and an insertion loss of under 1.5 dB.
Comparison of Closure of Gastric Perforation Ulcers With Biodegradable Lactide-Glycolide-Caprolactone or Omental Patches (2009)

Results of both methods were similar, which means that treatment of a gastric perforation through the application of a biodegradable patch to the outside of the stomach is a feasible option and might even be an interesting technique for closure of other perforations in the digestive tract.
The History and Future of Treatment of Hypothyroidism (2016)

Thyroid hormone replacement has been used for more than a century to treat hypothyroidism. Natural thyroid preparations (thyroid extract, desiccated thyroid, or thyroglobulin), which contain both thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3), were the first pharmacologic treatments available and dominated the market for the better part of the 20th century. Dosages were adjusted to resolve symptoms and to normalize the basal metabolic rate and/or serum protein-bound iodine level, but thyrotoxic adverse effects were not uncommon. Two major developments in the 1970s led to a transition in clinical practice: 1) The development of the serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) radioimmunoassay led to the discovery that many patients were overtreated, resulting in a dramatic reduction in thyroid hormone replacement dosage, and 2) the identification of peripheral deiodinase-mediated T4-to-T3 conversion provided a physiologic means to justify l-thyroxine monotherapy, obviating concerns about inconsistencies with desiccated thyroid. Thereafter, l-thyroxine monotherapy at doses to normalize the serum TSH became the standard of care. Since then, a subgroup of thyroid hormone-treated patients with residual symptoms of hypothyroidism despite normalization of the serum TSH has been identified. This has brought into question the inability of l-thyroxine monotherapy to universally normalize serum T3 levels. New research suggests mechanisms for the inadequacies of l-thyroxine monotherapy and highlights the possible role for personalized medicine based on deiodinase polymorphisms. Understanding the historical events that affected clinical practice trends provides invaluable insight into formulation of an approach to help all patients achieve clinical and biochemical euthyroidism.
STUDIES ON POLYMERIZATION AND RING FORMATION. VI. ADIPIC ANHYDRIDE (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSTUDIES ON POLYMERIZATION AND RING FORMATION. VI. ADIPIC ANHYDRIDEJulian W. HillCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 10, 4110–4114Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01373a053https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01373a053research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views836Altmetric-Citations87LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of liraglutide versus other incretin‐related anti‐hyperglycaemic agents (2012)

The two classes of incretin-related therapies, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), have become important treatment options for patients with type 2 diabetes. Sitagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin and linagliptin, the available DPP-4 inhibitors, are oral medications, whereas the GLP-1 RAs-twice-daily exenatide, once-weekly exenatide and once-daily liraglutide-are administered subcutaneously. By influencing levels of GLP-1 receptor stimulation, these medications lower plasma glucose levels in a glucose-dependent manner with low risk of hypoglycaemia, affecting postprandial plasma glucose more than most other anti-hyperglycaemic medications. Use of GLP-1 RAs has been shown to result in greater glycaemic improvements than DPP-4 inhibitors, probably because of higher levels of GLP-1 receptor activation. GLP-1 RAs can also produce significant weight loss and may reduce blood pressure and have beneficial effects on other cardiovascular risk factors. Although both classes are well tolerated, DPP-4 inhibitors may be associated with infections and headaches, whereas GLP-1 RAs are often associated with gastrointestinal disorders, primarily nausea. Pancreatitis has been reported with both DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 RAs, but a causal relationship between use of incretin-based therapies and pancreatitis has not been established. In clinical trials, liraglutide has shown efficacy and tolerability and resulted in certain significant benefits when compared with exenatide and sitagliptin.
Moisture permeability through multilayered barrier films as applied to flexible OLED display (2007)

Abstract Strict protection of organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) and other optoelectronic materials from direct contact with ambient moisture and oxygen is one of the major challenges in the development of flexible OLED displays and other flexible electronic devices. This problem is typically addressed by the use of polymeric substrates with multilayered barrier coatings comprising alternating organic/inorganic layers. The multilayered barrier approach is critically examined using a numerical model based on a defect‐dominated diffusion process combined with experiments involving face‐to‐face lamination of two barrier films. The modeling results identify two regimes, corresponding to two distinct permeation mechanisms, and provide scaling relationships and general design criteria for multilayered barrier coatings. The results suggest that the most significant gain in barrier performance can be realized when the thickness of the organic/adhesive layer(s) in the multilayered structure is less than the average pinhole (defect) size in the inorganic barrier layer(s). © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2007
AUTOMATED SEEDLING LENGTH MEASUREMENT FOR GERMINATION/VIGOR ESTIMATION USING A CASAS (COMPUTERIZED AUTOMATED SEED ANALYSIS SYSTEM )i (1984)

An automated seedling length measurement analysis has been de veloped for use with a CASAS ( Computerized Automated Seed Analysis System), in which a seed germination test sample is scored for both ger mination and vigor (as indicated by seedling or seedling part length). The methodology of the analysis is applicable to most major crop seeds. Seedlings from paper towel or sand type germination tests, or cold tests may be analyzed. A microcomputer was interfaced to a hand potentio metric caliper via an analog/digital converter. The caliper measures the length of normal seedlings, and a hand button switch is used to log the measurement in the computer. Enumeration of the counts was used to determine standard germination values. Means of seedling numbers measured, percent seedlings per replicate and analysis, and mean seed ling length in cm are computed. Use of the automated analysis, compared to a manual equivalent analysis, resulted in a 50% savings in analyst time. The computer program is in the BASIC language.
Use of the human MDR1 promoter for heat‐inducible expression of therapeutic genes (2002)

The promoter of the human multidrug resistance gene (mdr1) harbors stress-responsive elements, which can be induced e.g., by heat or cytostatic drugs. In previous studies the drug-responsiveness of the mdr1 promoter was successfully used for the drug-inducible expression of the human TNF-α gene in vitro and in vivo. Beside the drug-responsive elements of the mdr1 promoter, heat-shock responsive elements have also been identified, which could be exploited for construction of heat-inducible expression vectors. To analyze the hyperthermia-inducibility of the mdr1 promoter we used the pmdr-p-CAT and pM3mdr-p-hTNF vector constructs. Both constructs carry the mdr1 promoter fragment spanning from −207 to +153 to drive expression of the CAT-reporter or TNF-α gene. We tested the heat-induced CAT-reporter and TNF-α expression in vitro in transduced HCT15 and HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells. For the studies the transduced tumor cells were treated with hyperthermia at 41.5°C or 43°C for 2 hr to induce CAT or TNF-α expression. Cells and supernatants were harvested before hyperthermia and at certain time points (0–120 hr) after heat shock. The heat-induced CAT-reporter expression or TNF-α secretion was determined by specific ELISA. The experiments indicate that hyperthermia activates the mdr1 promoter in a temperature and time dependent manner. This induction leads to an 2- to 4-fold increase in CAT-reporter or 2- to 7-fold increase in TNFα expression in the tumor cell lines. These experiments reveal that the mdr1 promoter driven expression of therapeutic genes can be employed for combined cancer gene therapy approaches. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
[Morphological base of Renshaw inhibition studied by light and electron microscopic histochemistry. Topograhic analysis of AChE-positive Renshaw elements]. (1978)

Light- and electron microscopic structure of Renshaw elements--morphologic representatives of the recurrent spinal inhibition--was investigated by histochemical localization of AChE. Renshaw elements are spindle-shaped segments of the dendrites of the Renshaw cells and endings of the axoncollaterals of AChE-positive motoneurons are situated on them. Examination of serial sections of the L5-segment of the cat spinal cord revealed that the majority of Renshaw elements and the dendrit-arborization of interneurons of 3. type described by MATSUSHITA are lokalized in the same region. The fact that Renshaw elements in greatest amount could be found in that region of the anterior horn, where the Renshaw inhibition can be electrophysiologically elicited, seems to evidence they role in the latter.