gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An oxalyl‐CoA synthetase is important for oxalate metabolism in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2013)

Although oxalic acid is common in nature our understanding of the mechanism(s) regulating its turnover remains incomplete. In this study we identify Saccharomyces cerevisiae acyl-activating enzyme 3 (ScAAE3) as an enzyme capable of catalyzing the conversion of oxalate to oxalyl-CoA. Based on our findings we propose that ScAAE3 catalyzes the first step in a novel pathway of oxalate degradation to protect the cell against the harmful effects of oxalate derived from an endogenous process or an environmental source.
The role of mass transfer in trickle‐bed reactors (1976)

Abstract Steady state characteristics of a trickle‐bed reactor in which the gas solute governs the reaction with linear kinetics are analyzed. The efficiency of the reactor is defined as the ratio of the actual production rate to the intrinsic reaction rate and the dependence of the efficiency on Damkohler number and Peclet number is investigated. Three sets of published experimental data are used to evaluate the efficiency. Also, the criterion for negligible axial dispersion is studied in comparison with Mears' criterion.
Reference sample method for cardiac output and regional blood flow determinations in the rat (1976)

The reference sample method was used for simultaneous determinations of cardiac output and regional blood flows in conscious rats. Microspheres (15 +/- 5 mum in diam) labeled with strontium-85 were injected into the left ventricle and known volumes of reference sample were withdrawn from peripheral arteries. The calculated cardiac output measurements agreed with the previously reported values in rats. The percent distribution of the cardiac output to the brain, intestinal bed, and lungs were different from the reported values obtained in the rats using larger spheres. These differences may be related to the use of smaller spheres and to differences in the preparation. The absolute regional flows to various organs expressed in terms of milliliters per minute per gram tissue weight were also determined. The results indicate that the reference sample method can be applied to smaller mammals for determinations of regional flows and cardiac output.
Contour segmentation using Hough transform (2002)

In many 2D situations, contours can be efficiently represented as line segments or short circle arcs sequences. Therefore, we propose an original use of the Hough transform for detecting such primitives. Rather than searching directly for circle arcs, we have chosen to use the Hough transform for evaluating the relevance of each edge point and the curvature center associated with it. A specific parametrisation, which takes into account the discrete aspect of the problem, provides an homogeneous Hough space and bounds its spatial complexity. Then, circle arcs are obtained by gathering points which are close and have equivalent curvatures. An application to medical imaging is presented to highlight the significance of this method.
Simian virus 40 late mRNA leader sequences involved in augmenting mRNA accumulation via multiple mechanisms, including increased polyadenylation efficiency (1991)

We have examined the contribution of 5' leader sequences to expression directed by the simian virus 40 (SV40) late promoter. These studies showed that addition of sequences which contain the late leader 3' splice site to the late promoter led to an increase in the accumulation of mRNA expressed by the promoter. No other sequences within the leader region, between SV40 positions 334 and 560, exhibited a substantial influence on mRNA accumulation. The increase was due, at least in part, to the creation of a spliceable mRNA transcript, since mutation of either the 5' or 3' splice site could attenuate the effect. However, sequences at or near the 3' splice site appeared to play a more important role than did the 5' splice site in bringing about this increase. In many instances, mutation of the 3' splice site also led to the accumulation of extended transcripts, whereas mutation of the 5' splice site did not produce this result in any instance. Analysis of these extended transcripts showed that they retained sequences normally lost upon cleavage and polyadenylation. This finding suggested that mutation of the 3' splice site sequence led to decreases in the efficiency of polyadenylation. We propose that the SV40 late leader sequences positively contribute to expression of the viral late genes by increasing mRNA accumulation via multiple mechanisms, including the enhancement of pre-mRNA polyadenylation efficiency.
Designing Tomorrow's Compact Separation Train (1999)

Abstract Newly developed compact separation technology may be an attractive alternative to conventional separation methods in certain oil and gas applications. The purpose of this paper is to compare the new compact separators to conventional separation methods and explore the possible applications of this new technology. The size of conventional separators is based on liquid retention time, droplet or settling velocity for gas, and, for three-phase separators, water droplet settling time in the oil phase. Compact separators perform the same function as conventional separators but require a smaller shell. They have great potential where cost savings due to smaller size and lower weight are greater than the cost of more complex equipment. Both the benefits and problems associated with using compact separation techniques for downhole processing, subsea processing, and surface facilities will be discussed in this paper. It is necessary for a design engineer to understand the benefits and detriments of using compact separators so that this new technology may be used effectively in the production of oil and gas.
Synthesis of α‐Aryl‐Substituted and Conformationally Restricted Fosmidomycin Analogues as Promising Antimalarials (2006)

Abstract Fosmidomycin represents a new antimalarial drug that acts by inhibition of 1‐deoxy‐ D ‐xylulose 5‐phosphate reductoisomerase, an essential enzyme of the mevalonate‐independent pathway of isoprenoid biosynthesis. This work describes the synthesis of a series of α‐aryl‐substituted fosmidomycin analogues that exhibit improved antimalarial activity. A linear synthetic route involving a 3‐aryl‐3‐phosphorylpropanal intermediate proved practical to prepare these derivatives. A phospha‐Michael addition to cyclopent‐2‐enone gave access to conformationally restricted analogues. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)
Interactions between <scp>l</scp>‐arginine/<scp>l</scp>‐arginine derivatives and lysozyme and implications to their inhibition effects on protein aggregation (2013)

L-arginine (Arg), L-homoarginine (HArg), L-arginine ethylester (ArgEE), and L-arginine methylester (ArgME) were found effective in inhibiting protein aggregation, but the molecular mechanisms are not clear. Herein, stopped-flow fluorescence spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry, and mass spectroscopy were used to investigate the folding kinetics of lysozyme and the interactions of the additives with lysozyme. It was found that the interactions of ArgME and ArgEE with lysozyme were similar to that of guanidine hydrochloride and were much stronger than those of Arg and HArg. The binding forces were all mainly hydrogen bonding and cation-π interaction from the guanidinium group, but their differences in molecular states led to the significantly different binding strengths. The additives formed molecular clusters in an increasing order of ArgEE, ArgME, HArg, and Arg. Arg and HArg mainly formed annular clusters with head-to-tail bonding, while ArgME and ArgEE formed linear clusters with guanidinium groups stacking. The interactions between the additives and lysozyme were positively related to the monomer contents. That is, the monomers were the primary species that participated in the direct interactions due to their intact guanidinium groups and small sizes, while the clusters performed as barriers to crowd out the protein-protein interactions for aggregation. Thus, it is concluded that the effects of Arg and its derivatives on protein aggregation stemmed from the direct interactions by the monomers and the crowding effects by the clusters. Interplay of the two effects led to the differences in their inhibition effects on protein aggregation.
Molecular orientation in injection molding (1974)

A semiquantitative model is proposed to explain the complex molecular orientation distribution, observed in injection moldings of amorphous polymers. The model incorporates flow and heat transfer mechanisms coupled with molecular theories. The orientation in the surface skin is related to steady elongational flow in the advancing front, whereas the orientation in the core is related to the shear flow, behind the front, between two solidyfying layers. Coupled with the elongational and shear-induced orientations, a molecular relaxation process takes place which is determined by the rate of heat transfer. The bead-and-spring macromolecular theory was used to calculate root mean end-to-end distances of macromolecules in the various flow fields, as well as the relaxation process.
Closed solution of Berlekamp's algorithm for fast decoding of BCH codes (1991)

We present a decision tree solution for the most complicated step in decoding binary BCH codes, namely the computation of an error location polynomial over GF(2 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">m</sup> ) from the syndrome vector of received data. We run Lin's iterative version of the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm symbolically, keeping the results at each level in the form of branches of a binary decision tree. A decoder can then be constructed that uses the derived formulas to evaluate a decision variable at each level. Complete traversal of the tree using the decision variables leads to the correct polynomial coefficients for the received vector. The decoder can be implemented in a very straightforward way with a simple processor or program that performs extension field arithmetic, or it can be realized entirely in hardware using lookup tables for multiplications, inverses, and exponents, and exclusive OR operations for addition. This latter method can provide an extremely fast decoder that is compatible with realization in VLSI.
PRINCIPLES OF RETINOSCOPY presented on the basis of the theory of projection (1944)

RETINOSCOPY is the achievement of the latter part of the 19th century, the. ceptury of physics, and almost all the significant theoretical work had been piblished by about 1906. Among tlYe few more recent authorities who. have contributed to the problem, Marqiiez and PolTiot a5e .to.be mentioneQ-Tribute has to be paid to Borschke (1904). whose name is'almost entirety forgotten. t4e was the first to point out that the basis of retingscop is the same as that of any projection, a line taken up recently by PoIliot.
Recovery of Vanadium and Nickel from Heavy Oil Ash (2002)

重油系燃焼灰からの有価金属の回収を目的として, 火力発電所の電気集塵器から排出された燃焼灰からの有価金属の浸出および浸出液からの金属イオンの分離について検討し, 重油系燃焼灰からバナジウムおよびニッケルを回収するプロセスを開発した。本プロセスは主に浸出, 溶媒抽出および晶析工程からなる。燃焼灰中のバナジウムおよびニッケルは過酸化水素水溶液により浸出し, 浸出されたバナジウムはトリ-n-オクチルメチルアンモニウムクロライド (TOMAC) により抽出し, 水酸化ナトリウム水溶液によりバナジウムを逆抽出し, 次に, 抽出残液中のニッケルは2-ヒドロキシ-5-ノニルアセトフェノンオキシム (HNAPO) により抽出し, 硫酸によりニッケルを逆抽出する。分離されたバナジウムおよびニッケルはエタノールによりそれぞれ金属塩として回収される。
Plants Utilize Isoprene Emission as a Thermotolerance Mechanism (2007)

Isoprene is a volatile compound emitted from leaves of many plant species in large quantities, which has an impact on atmospheric chemistry due to its massive global emission rate (5 x 10(14) carbon g year(-1)) and its high reactivity with the OH radical, resulting in an increase in the half-life of methane. Isoprene emission is strongly induced by the increase in isoprene synthase activity in plastids at high temperature in the day time, which is regulated at its gene expression level in leaves, while the physiological meaning of isoprene emission for plants has not been clearly demonstrated. In this study, we have functionally overexpressed Populus alba isoprene synthase in Arabidopsis to observe isoprene emission from transgenic plants. A striking difference was observed when both transgenic and wild-type plants were treated with heat at 60 degrees C for 2.5 h, i.e. transformants revealed clear heat tolerance compared with the wild type. High isoprene emission and a decrease in the leaf surface temperature were observed in transgenic plants under heat stress treatment. In contrast, neither strong light nor drought treatments showed an apparent difference. These data suggest that isoprene emission plays a crucial role in a heat protection mechanism in plants.
The Impact of Curative Intent Surgery on the Survival of Pancreatic Cancer Patients: A U.S. Population-Based Study (2007)

Pancreatic cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer death in the United States. Curative intent surgery (CIS) is presumed to be the only curative option in the treatment of pancreatic cancer. The determinants and the outcomes of surgical resection are not clear at the population level.Using data from nine registries of the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) program, we examined the predictors of receiving CIS as well as the survival of patients receiving CIS between 1987 and 2001. The definition of CIS in SEER is accurate and has been previously validated and found to be highly accurate. Cox proportional hazard model was used to examine the effect of potential determinants on survival.We identified 32,348 cases of pancreatic cancer. Of those, 3,545 (10.9%) received CIS. The proportion of patients receiving CIS decreased significantly with age (P < 0.0001), was similar across all racial groups (10.8% in whites, 11.4% in blacks, 11.5% in Asians, and 11.2 % in Hispanics, P= 0.5), was slightly higher in men (11.3%vs 10.5%, P= 0.02), decreased with advanced disease stage (P < 0.0001), progressively increased over time (7.5% in 1987-89, 9.1% in 1990-92, 10.4% in 1993-95, 12.4% in 1996-98, and 13.4% in 1999-2001, P < 0.0001), and differed significantly across different SEER registries (9.7% in San Francisco, 11.8% in Connecticut, 12.5% in Detroit, 11.7% in Hawaii, 9.3% in Iowa, 10.05% in New Mexico, 9.5% in Seattle, 13.2% in Utah, 11.4% in Atlanta, P < 0.0001). In the multivariable logistic regression analysis, more recent time periods, younger age, early disease stage, and geographic location, but not race or gender, were independent predictors of receiving CIS. In the Cox survival analysis, younger age, early disease stage, more recent time period, geographic location, and receipt of CIS were independent predictors of improved survival and black race was an independent predictor of shorter survival.Early stage disease, female gender, younger age, geographic location, and more recent time periods are predictors of receiving CIS. Early disease stage and receipt of CIS are the strongest predictors of improved survival among patients with pancreatic cancer. Black race is an independent predictor of shorter survival.
Effect of Radiotherapy After Breast-Conserving Surgery Depending on the Presence of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes: A Long-Term Follow-Up of the SweBCG91RT Randomized Trial (2019)

This study shows that high values of TILs in the primary tumor independently seem to reduce the risk for an IBTR. Our findings further suggest that patients with breast cancer with low TILs may derive a larger benefit from RT regarding the risk of IBTR.
Prognostic Value of Plasma N-Terminal Pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide in Patients With Severe Sepsis (2005)

NT-proBNP may serve as useful laboratory marker to predict survival in patients presenting with severe sepsis.
Development of Quantum Dots Modified Acetylcholinesterase Biosensor for the Detection of Trichlorfon (2006)

Abstract Poly ( N ‐vinyl‐2‐pyrrolidone) (PVP)‐capped CdS quantum dots (QCdS‐PVP) was synthesized with CdCl 2 and Na 2 S in the presence of PVP. QCdS‐PVP has been used for the immobilization and stabilization of the acetylcholinesterase (AChE). The electrocatalytic activity of QCdS‐PVP leads to a greatly improved electrochemical detection of the enzymatically generated thiocholine product, and higher sensitivity and stability. The GCE/QCdS‐PVP/AChE biosensor was used for the detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs), such as trichlorfon. The sensor performance, including pH and inhibition time, was optimized with respect to operating conditions. Under the optimal conditions, the biosensor was used to measure as low as 12 ppb trichlorfon with a 5‐min inhibition time.
Neonatal bone marrow transplantation of ADA-deficient SCID mice results in immunologic reconstitution despite low levels of engraftment and an absence of selective donor T lymphoid expansion (2008)

Adenosine deaminase (ADA)-deficient severe combined immune deficiency (SCID) may be treated by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation without prior cytoreductive conditioning, although the mechanism of immune reconstitution is unclear. We studied this process in a murine gene knockout model of ADA-deficient SCID. Newborn ADA-deficient pups received transplants of intravenous infusion of normal congenic bone marrow, without prior cytoreductive conditioning, which resulted in long-term survival, multisystem correction, and nearly normal lymphocyte numbers and mitogenic proliferative responses. Only 1% to 3% of lymphocytes and myeloid cells were of donor origin without a selective expansion of donor-derived lymphocytes; immune reconstitution was by endogenous, host-derived ADA-deficient lymphocytes. Preconditioning of neonates with 100 to 400 cGy of total body irradiation before normal donor marrow transplant increased the levels of engrafted donor cells in a radiation dose-dependent manner, but the chimerism levels were similar for lymphoid and myeloid cells. The absence of selective reconstitution by donor T lymphocytes in the ADA-deficient mice indicates that restoration of immune function occurred by rescue of endogenous ADA-deficient lymphocytes through cross-correction from the engrafted ADA-replete donor cells. Thus, ADA-deficient SCID is unique in its responses to nonmyeloablative bone marrow transplantation, which has implications for clinical bone marrow transplantation or gene therapy.
Characterization of the guinea pig cytomegalovirus genome by molecular cloning and physical mapping (1984)

Fragments of guinea pig cytomegalovirus (GPCMV) DNA produced by HindIII or EcoRI restriction endonuclease digestion were cloned into vectors pBR322 and pACYC184, and recombinant fragments representing ca. 97% of the genome were constructed. Hybridization of 32P-labeled cloned and gel-purified HindIII, EcoRI, and XbaI fragments to Southern blots of HindIII-, EcoRI-, and XbaI-cleaved GPCMV DNA verified the viral origin of cloned fragments and allowed construction of HindIII, EcoRI, and XbaI restriction maps. On the basis of the cloning and mapping experiments, the size of GPCMV DNA was calculated to include 239 kilobase pairs, corresponding to a molecular weight of 158 X 10(6). No cross-hybridization between any internal fragments was seen. We conclude that the GPCMV genome consists of a long unique sequence with terminal repeat sequences but without internal repeat regions. In addition, GPCMV DNA molecules exist in two forms. In the predominant form, the molecules demonstrate sequence homology between the terminal fragments; in the minor population, one terminal fragment is smaller by 0.7 X 10(6) daltons and is not homologous with the fragment at the other end of the physical map. The structural organization of GPCMV DNA is unique for a herpesvirus DNA, similar in its simplicity to the structure reported for murine cytomegalovirus DNA and quite dissimilar from that of human cytomegalovirus DNA.
Connection of extruded subnets: a solution based on RSIP (2002)

Extruded subnets is the name given to a new type of subnetworks, connected to the Internet through "wideband" residential access lines, such as asynchronous digital subscriber line (ADSL) or cable connections, but seamlessly integrated into their remote corporate network. Extruded subnets are designed to completely hide the fact that they are remote. This article presents the constraints and requirements of extruded networks, and discusses the problems and solutions of their implementation. A new solution is proposed. It is based on IPSec and Realm Specific IP protocol (RSIP), a protocol published as an RFC, mainly as an alternative to Network Address Translating (NAT). An extension is proposed to RSIP in order to improve the scalability of the solution. The use of IPSEC and the extended RSIP satisfies all the requirements for extruded subnets and enjoys excellent scalability. This extruded subnet implementation is now available as open source software.
Study of Functional Recovery Produced by Delayed Localized Cooling After Spinal Cord Injury in Primates (1968)

N SPITE of the sophisticated advances in modern surgical therapy, the present day management of spinal cord trauma generally remains unsatisfactory. 6,~,:3 Current methods used in the treatment of spinal cord trauma consist of immobilization with skeletal traction, surgical decompression with or without incision of dural coverings, and immediate or delayed bony fusion to provide stabilization. Controversy even exists as to the merits of conservative treatment versus surgical decompression. s,'~,1'-1:~,1~,~7,:~~ Even among those favoring early laminectomy in patients displaying sensory-motor paralysis associated with a spinal fluid block, there is no unanimity of opinion whether the dura should be opened or left intact. In reviewing other approaches to the problem of spinal cord injury, we were impressed with some of the work relating to the protective effect of cold on brain. It has been shown that hypothermia will decrease the cerebral metabolic demand, reduce brain volume, bring about a reduction in the inflammatory response to brain injury, and allow the brain to tolerate extended periods of circulatory arrest? 4,1a-2u24,~'~,~'J,33 It has also been demonstrated that total body cooling to 30~ will protect the spinal cord of the dog during occlusion of the thoracic aorta? 5,16 Because of the accessibility of the injured segment of the spinal cord during surgical laminectomy, an attempt has been made to assess the practical advantages of direct
A microstrip leaky-wave antenna with beam-switchable scanning radiation (2002)

A beam-switchable scanning leaky-wave antenna (LWA) integrated with p-I-n diode switch circuits has been developed in this paper. This LWA with a two-terminal feeding microstrip line structure is integrated with a SPDT (single port double throw) switch as a control circuit. Compared with traditional leaky-wave antennas, this configuration offers the advantage of one/dual beam scanning radiation pattern. On the dual-beam mode, the scanning angle is steered over a range of 36/spl deg/ to 64/spl deg/ for the right beam and 144/spl deg/ to 116/spl deg/ for the left beam. On the one-beam mode, the scanning angle is measured over 20/spl deg/ for the right beam. The measured result shows that we can change the one-beam mode or the dual-beam mode electronically by controlling the on/off status of a SPDT.
Tunneling magnetoresistance at up to 270 K in La0.8Sr0.2MnO3/SrTiO3/La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 junctions with 1.6-nm-thick barriers (1999)

Magnetic tunneling junctions are fabricated from epitaxially grown La0.8Sr0.2MnO3/SrTiO3/La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 trilayers. A large tunneling magnetoresistance of 150% is observed for a junction with a thin barrier layer (1.6 nm) under a low switching field (&lt;10 Oe) at 5 K. A small tunneling magnetoresistance is observed even at 270 K, which is close to the ferromagnetic Curie temperature (290 K) of the La0.8Sr0.2MnO3 film. The large magnetoresistance and high operating temperature are attributed to the sufficiently thin and uniform barrier layer of SrTiO3.