gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Stimulation of amyloid precursor protein synthesis by adrenergic receptors coupled to cAMP formation (cyclosporin AyinflammationygliosisyastrocytesyAlzheimer) (1997)

Amyloid plaques in Alzheimer disease are primarilyaggregatesofAbpeptidesthatarederivedfromthe amyloid precursor protein (APP). Neurotransmitter agonists that activate phosphatidylinositol hydrolysis and protein ki- nase C stimulate APP processing and generate soluble, non- amyloidogenic APP (APPs). Elevations in cAMP oppose this stimulatory effect and lead to the accumulation of cell- associated APP holoprotein containing amyloidogenic Ab peptides. We now report that cAMP signaling can also in- crease cellular levels of APP holoprotein by stimulating APP gene expression in astrocytes. Treatment of astrocytes with norepinephrine or isoproterenol for 24 h increased both APP mRNA and holoprotein levels, and these increases were blocked by the b-adrenergic antagonist propranolol. Treat- ment with 8-bromo-adenosine 3*,5*-cyclic monophosphate or forskolin for 24 h similarly increased APP holoprotein levels; astrocytes were also transformed into process-bearing cells expressingincreasedamountsofglialfibrillaryacidicprotein, suggesting that these cells resemble reactive astrocytes. The increasesinAPPmRNAandholoproteininastrocytescaused by cAMP stimulation were inhibited by the immunosuppres- sant cyclosporin A. Our study suggests that APP overexpres- sion by reactive astrocytes during neuronal injury may con- tribute to Alzheimer disease neuropathology, and that immu- nosuppressants can inhibit cAMP activation of APP gene transcription.
Evidence that the potential for dissimilatory ferric iron reduction is widespread among acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria (2008)

Nineteen characterized strains and isolates of acidophilic heterotrophic bacteria were screened for their abilities to catalyse the reductive dissolution of the ferric iron mineral schwertmannite, under oxygen-limiting conditions. Acidocella facilis, Acidobacterium capsulatum, and all of the Acidiphilium, Acidocella and Acidobacterium-like isolates that grew in liquid cultures were able to reduce iron. In contrast, neither Acidisphaera rubrifaciens nor three Acidisphaera-like isolates tested were found to have the capacity for dissimilatory iron reduction. One of two iron-oxidizing Frateuria-like isolates also reduced iron under oxygen-limiting conditions. Microbial dissolution of schwertmannite was paralleled with increased concentrations of soluble ferrous iron and sulfate in microbial cultures, together with increased pH values and decreased redox potentials. While dissimilatory ferric iron reduction has been described previously for Acidiphilium spp., this is this first report of this capacity in Acidocella and the moderate acidophile Acidobacterium. The finding has significant implications for understanding of the biogeochemistry of acidic environments.
Conducting Meta-Analyses in<i>R</i>with the<b>metafor</b>Package (2010)

The metafor package provides functions for conducting meta-analyses in R. The package includes functions for fitting the meta-analytic fixed- and random-effects models and allows for the inclusion of moderators variables (study-level covariates) in these models. Meta-regression analyses with continuous and categorical moderators can be conducted in this way. Functions for the Mantel-Haenszel and Peto's one-step method for meta-analyses of 2 x 2 table data are also available. Finally, the package provides various plot functions (for example, for forest, funnel, and radial plots) and functions for assessing the model fit, for obtaining case diagnostics, and for tests of publication bias.
Fatigue softening and hardening in mild steel detected from Barkhausen noise (1980)

The measurement of Barkhausen noise is used to follow the fatigue process in a mild steel. The variation in the root-mean-square (rms) value of the noise with bending stress during single-strain cycles and in unloaded samples is determined at several stages of fatigue life. The fatigue softening and hardening are found to be sensitively revealed by specific changes in the shape and area of the noise versus stress loops and also in the variation in the noise in unloaded samples, corresponding to changes in the residual stress state. The high sensitivity of the magnetic measurement technique is emphasized.
4 Gb/s two-level to 2 symbol/s four-level converter GaAs IC for semiconductor optical amplifier modulators (2002)

A design of a 50 /spl Omega/ impedance matched two-to-four level converter GaAs IC for two-electrode semiconductor optical amplifier modulators is presented. Eye diagrams with good eye openings and 0.33 V spacing between adjacent logic levels are demonstrated for input bit rates up to 4 Gb/s. A novel differential super buffer output driver is applied and output reflection coefficients.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Internationalisation of Service Activities in the Haute-Garonne (2001)

Business service activities are more and more concerned with the internationalisation of their markets. Besides the well known examples of large global service firms, this process is also affecting an ever growing number of small-sized enterprises now acting at the international level. This article presents some empirical results from an original survey conducted in a French region with the Toulouse Chamber of Commerce. It shows the recent extent of the opening towards foreign markets, which concerns particularly the professional services. Business service firms having developed an international market activity (whether exporting by themselves or acting indirectly through local affiliates) belong mainly to three major types of activities: technical consultancy (including software industries and engineering), management consultancy (including also advertising, commercial intelligence and human resources consulting) and logistics (transportation and related activities). Most of them have begun without any local investment but have now developed different kinds of networks which are discussed in the article. Others remain 'pure' exporters exclusively relying on new telecommunication means to maintain relationships with their clients abroad. The survey reveals that small professional services firms are using original methods to cope with the difficulties of international service markets.
Gas sensing using electrostatic force potentiometry (2007)

A highly sensitive potentiometric technique generally applicable for detection of gases utilizing adsorption-induced changes in surface work function is demonstrated. This technique is applied to sense hydrogen based on work function change of a Pt thin film. The surface work function changes of Pt upon exposure to pure and 1000ppm hydrogen were found to be ∼900 and ∼270mV, respectively. These work function changes are much higher than corresponding changes in the Schottky barrier height in Pt-semiconductor based amperometric sensor devices for similar hydrogen concentration. Using this technique, detection down to 8ppm hydrogen concentration is demonstrated.
Complement Inhibitor C4b-Binding Protein Interacts Directly with Small Glycoproteins of the Extracellular Matrix (2009)

Components derived from cartilage have been suggested to maintain the inflammation in joints in arthritis. Small leucine-rich repeat proteins (SLRPs) are structural components of cartilage important in organizing the meshwork of extracellular matrix components. It has recently been shown that the SLRP fibromodulin interacts with complement initiator C1q, leading to complement activation. The complement response is limited since fibromodulin also interacts with the complement inhibitor factor H. We have now found that osteoadherin, chondroadherin, fibromodulin, and proline arginine-rich end leucine-rich repeat protein bind to the complement inhibitor C4b-binding protein (C4BP). Using direct binding assays with C4BP fragments and C4BP mutants lacking individual domains in combination with electron microscopy, we have demonstrated that mainly the central core of C4BP mediated binding to SLRPs. Binding of SLRPs to C4BP did not affect its ability to inhibit complement. Osteoadherin, fibromodulin, and chondroadherin, which bind C1q and activate complement, were found to cause significantly higher C9 deposition in C4BP-depleted serum compared with Igs, indicating that the level of complement activation initiated by SLRPs is regulated by simultaneous binding to C4BP. A similar dual binding of C1q and complement inhibitors was observed previously for other endogenous ligands (amyloid, prions, C-reactive protein, and apoptotic cells) but not for exogenous activators (bacteria-bound Igs). These interactions can be significant during inflammatory joint diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, where cartilage is degraded, and cartilage components are released into synovial fluid, where they can interact with factors of the complement system.
"Rheumatoid" Nodules in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (1970)

Six patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and periarticular subcutaneous nodules are described. The nodules were biopsied in three patients. Each specimen was histologically typical of the well-developed "rheumatoid" nodule. The features of SLE in these patients included fever, constitutional symptoms, polyarthritis, skin rash, serositis, glomerulonephritis, anemia, and leukopenia. All had lupus erythematosus cells, antinuclear antibodies, and reduced serum complement. The latex test was negative in three patients and only transiently positive in the other three. When present, the subcutaneous nodule was invariably associated with clinically active SLE. In the patient with polyarthritis the presence of periarticular subcutaneous nodules may be a hallmark of SLE as well as rheumatoid arthritis.
A signature of epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity and stromal activation in primary tumor modulates late recurrence in breast cancer independent of disease subtype (2014)

Our findings suggest that an EMT-related gene signature in the tumor epithelium is related to both stromal activation and escape from disease dormancy in breast cancer. The presence of a late recurrence gene signature in the primary tumor also suggests that intrinsic features of this tumor regulate the transition of disseminated tumor cells into a dormant phenotype with the ability to outgrowth as recurrent disease.
Comparison of gene expression profiling by reverse transcription quantitative PCR between fresh frozen and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded breast cancer tissues (2010)

Recent reports demonstrate the feasibility of quantifying gene expression by using RNA isolated from blocks of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissue. The development of molecular tests for clinical use based on archival materials would be of great utility in the search for and validation of important genes or gene expression profiles. In this study, we compared the performance of different normalization strategies in the correlation of quantitative data between fresh frozen (FF) and FFPE samples and analyzed the parameters that characterize such correlation for each gene. Total RNA extracted from FFPE samples presented a shift in raw cycle threshold (Cq) values that can be explained by its extensive degradation. Proper normalization can compensate for the effects of RNA degradation in gene expression measurements. We show that correlation between normalized expression values is better for moderately to highly expressed genes whose expression varies significantly between samples. Nevertheless, some genes had no correlation. These genes should not be included in molecular tests for clinical use based on FFPE samples. Our results could serve as a guide when developing clinical diagnostic tests based on RT-qPCR analyses of FFPE tissues in the coming era of treatment decision-making based on gene expression profiling.
Blink: Large-scale P2P network monitoring and visualization system using VM introspection (2010)

P2P network is now widely pervasive and increase usability of Internet. However, with the difficulty of tracing flow of P2P traffic, security incident of P2P network has become now serious problem. In this paper we propose Blink, Large-scale P2P network monitoring and visualization system enhanced by VM introspection. We discuss a monitoring and visualizing P2P traffic using the combination of virtualized probe and analyzer on VMM side. In proposed system, probe and monitor are running on guest OS, which is connected to the analyzer and visualizer module on VMM and host OS. Traffic log is transferred to host OS using VM introspection and is analyzed and visualized. Proposed system makes it possible to enhance the analysis and visualization functionality with the least impact of guest OS. Also, proposed system supports large scale traffic log analysis with large amount of disks necessary using storage of host OS. In proposed system we have implemented monitors for two kinds of P2P software: BitTorrent and Winny. Also we have implemented visualization module using Google Earth by translating traffic log file to KML (Keyhole Markup Language). We show system output of visualizing of traffic log of Winny and BitTorrent. We can conclude that proposed system of double-layer architecture can enhance the functionality of analyzing, storing and visualizing P2P traffic logs.
<i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i>peptidoglycan is a persistent antigen in patients with Lyme arthritis (2019)

Lyme disease is a multisystem disorder caused by the spirochete <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> A common late-stage complication of this disease is oligoarticular arthritis, often involving the knee. In ∼10% of cases, arthritis persists after appropriate antibiotic treatment, leading to a proliferative synovitis typical of chronic inflammatory arthritides. Here, we provide evidence that peptidoglycan (PG), a major component of the <i>B. burgdorferi</i> cell envelope, may contribute to the development and persistence of Lyme arthritis (LA). We show that <i>B. burgdorferi</i> has a chemically atypical PG (PG<sup>Bb</sup>) that is not recycled during cell-wall turnover. Instead, this pathogen sheds PG<sup>Bb</sup> fragments into its environment during growth. Patients with LA mount a specific immunoglobulin G response against PG<sup>Bb</sup>, which is significantly higher in the synovial fluid than in the serum of the same patient. We also detect PG<sup>Bb</sup> in 94% of synovial fluid samples (32 of 34) from patients with LA, many of whom had undergone oral and intravenous antibiotic treatment. These same synovial fluid samples contain proinflammatory cytokines, similar to those produced by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells stimulated with PG<sup>Bb</sup> In addition, systemic administration of PG<sup>Bb</sup> in BALB/c mice elicits acute arthritis. Altogether, our study identifies PG<sup>Bb</sup> as a likely contributor to inflammatory responses in LA. Persistence of this antigen in the joint may contribute to synovitis after antibiotics eradicate the pathogen. Furthermore, our finding that <i>B. burgdorferi</i> sheds immunogenic PG<sup>Bb</sup> fragments during growth suggests a potential role for PG<sup>Bb</sup> in the immunopathogenesis of other Lyme disease manifestations.
Regeneration Theory (1932)

Abstract The following is an explanation of the circumstances which led the author to write his 1932 paper on the “Regeneration Theory.”
REVIEW (1969)

REVIEW Get access A Question of Conscience. By CHARLES DAVIS. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1967. vii + 278 pages. $6.95. WALTER W. BENJAMIN WALTER W. BENJAMIN Hamline University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XXXVII, Issue 1, March 1969, Pages 104–106, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XXXVII.1.104 Published: 01 March 1969
Role of very high order and degree <i>B</i><sub>0</sub> shimming for spectroscopic imaging of the human brain at 7 tesla (2011)

With the advent of ultrahigh field systems (7 T), significant improvements in spectroscopic imaging (SI) studies of the human brain have been anticipated. These gains are dependent upon the achievable B0 homogeneity, both globally (σB0Global, over the entire regions of interest or slice) and locally (σB0Global, influencing the linewidth of individual SI voxels within the regions of interest). Typically the B0 homogeneity is adjusted using shim coils with spatial distributions modeled on spherical harmonics which can be characterized by a degree (radial dependence) and order (azimuthal symmetry). However, the role of very high order and degree shimming (e.g., 3rd and 4th degree) in MRSI studies has been controversial. Measurements of σB0Global and σB0Local were determined from B0 field maps of 64×64 resolution. In a 10 mm thick slice taken through the region of the subcortical nuclei, we find that in comparison to 1st-2nd degree shims, use of 1st-3rd and 1st-4th degree shims reduces σB0Global by 29% and 55%, respectively. Using a SI voxel size of ∼1cc with an estimate of σB0Local from 3×3×3 B0 map pixels in this subcortical region, the number of pixels with σB0Local of less than 5 Hz increased from 24 to 59% with 1st-3rd and 1st-4th over 1st-2nd degree shims, respectively.
Structural and antigenic analysis of meningococcal piliation (1985)

Pilin with an Mr of 16,500 was purified to homogeneity from Neisseria meningitidis SP3428. Procedures which provided useful separation during purification included high-pressure liquid chromatography with a TSK size exclusion column, Sephacryl S-200 column chromatography, ion-exchange chromatography with SP-Sephadex, and preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of this pilin was similar to that previously reported for this species. The sequence of N-terminal 51 amino acids was also determined. The protein lacked a modified phenylalanine at the amino terminus and displayed six residues which were different from Neisseria gonorrhoeae in that region of the molecule determined to be the lectin-binding domain. Monoclonal antibody raised to this pilin was employed, along with a monoclonal antibody to an epitope common to all gonococcal pilins, to analyze the intra- and interstrain heterogeneity of meningococcal piliation. The results indicate that N. meningitidis displays considerable intra- and interstrain heterogeneity with respect to both pilus subunit size and antigenicity. The Mr of subunits ranged from 13,000 to 20,000.
Kinetics of ATP-sensitive K+ channel revealed with oil-gate concentration jump method (1989)

Kinetics for gating the ATP-sensitive K+ channel was studied by exposing the inside-out patch to instantaneous changes in the intracellular concentration of ATP ( [ATP]i) using the oil-gate concentration jump technique in guinea pig ventricular cells. The closing time course of the channel after increasing [ATP]i was exponential with a time constant (tau), which decreased with increasing [ATP]i. The linear 1/tau - [ATP]i relation revealed two different binding (closing) rate constants (mu) of 51.7 and 5.6 mM-1.s-1 and predicted a common unbinding (opening) rate constant (lambda) of 3.2 s-1. A variable latent period was observed before channel opening when [ATP]i was decreased. The mechanism of latency is not clear. Once the channel started to open at the change lowering [ATP]i, the opening time course was exponential. Measurements of the exponential tau obtained at 0 mM [ATP]i were divided into two groups with corresponding lambda of 2.8 and 20.1 s-1, respectively. The former agrees with the predicted value of 3.2 s-1, but in the latter case, tau for opening increased as [ATP]i was increased. This increase in tau was attributed to a decrease of lambda, which approached an asymptotic value of 3.2 s-1. We conclude that binding and unbinding of one molecule of ATP determine the gating of ATP-sensitive K+ channel. Different pairs of mu and lambda result in four types of gating patterns and practically two states of sensitivities to ATP.
Control of Liver Glycogen Synthase Activity and Intracellular Distribution by Phosphorylation (2009)

Eukaryotic glycogen synthase activity is regulated by reversible phosphorylation at multiple sites. Of the two GS isoforms found in mammals, the muscle enzyme (muscle glycogen synthase) has received more attention and the relative importance of every known phosphorylation site in the control of its activity and intracellular distribution has been previously addressed. We have analyzed the impact of the dephosphorylation at the homologous sites of the glycogen synthase liver (LGS) isoform. Serine residues at these sites were replaced by non-phosphorylatable alanine residues, singly or in pairs, and the resultant LGS variants were expressed in cultured cells using adenoviral vectors. The sole mutation at site 2 (Ser7) yielded an enzyme that was almost fully active and able to induce glycogen deposition in primary hepatocytes incubated in the absence of glucose and in FTO2B cells, a cell line that does not normally synthesize glycogen. Mutation at site 2 was also sufficient to trigger the aggregation and translocation of LGS from the cytoplasm to the hepatocyte cell cortex in the absence of glucose. However, this redistribution was not observed in hepatocytes incubated without glucose when an additional mutation (E509A), which renders the enzyme inactive, was introduced. This result suggests that LGS translocation is strictly dependent on glycogen synthesis.
Seismic velocity as a function of depth and geologic time (1951)

Abstract Velocity data are compiled from measurements of nearly 1,000,000 feet of section in 500 well surveys in the United States and Canada. Average velocities for shale and sandstone sections are arranged by depth and geologic age. Deviations from the mean values are attributed to lithologic variations. The variations of velocity with depth and time are studied independently in order to develop a quantitative relationship. It is concluded that the velocity for an average shale and sand section is given by the equation V = 125.3 (ZT) 1 6/, where V is velocity in feet per second, Z is depth in feet, and T is age in years. Velocities in limestone show less definite evidence of increase with age and depth.
Delayed maturation of an IL-12–producing dendritic cell subset explains the early Th2 bias in neonatal immunity (2008)

Primary neonatal T cell responses comprise both T helper (Th) cell subsets, but Th1 cells express high levels of interleukin 13 receptor alpha1 (IL-13R alpha 1), which heterodimerizes with IL-4R alpha. During secondary antigen challenge, Th2-produced IL-4 triggers the apoptosis of Th1 cells via IL-4R alpha/IL-13R alpha 1, thus explaining the Th2 bias in neonates. We show that neonates acquire the ability to overcome the Th2 bias and generate Th1 responses starting 6 d after birth. This transition was caused by the developmental maturation of CD8 alpha(+)CD4(-) dendritic cells (DCs), which were minimal in number during the first few days of birth and produced low levels of IL-12. This lack of IL-12 sustained the expression of IL-13R alpha 1 on Th1 cells. By day 6 after birth, however, a significant number of CD8 alpha(+)CD4(-) DCs accumulated in the spleen and produced IL-12, which triggered the down-regulation of IL-13R alpha 1 expression on Th1 cells, thus protecting them against IL-4-driven apoptosis.
Neural Network Models For Automated Detection Of Non-recurring Congestion (1993)

This research addressed the first year of a proposed multi-year research effort that would investigate, assess, and develop neural network models from the field of artificial intelligence for automated detection of non- recurring congestion in integrated freeway and signalized surface street networks. In this research, spatial and temporal traffic patterns are recognized and classified by an artificial neural network.