gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Anamorelin in cachectic patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and low BMI (< 20 kg/m<sup>2</sup>): A pooled efficacy data analysis of two phase 3 studies. (2016)

10119 Background: Cancer cachexia can be characterized by weight loss or low BMI, and is associated with increased morbidity and reduced survival. ROMANA 1 [NCT01387269; N = 484] and ROMANA 2 [NCT01387282; N = 495]) were randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trials of anamorelin, an oral ghrelin receptor agonist, in NSCLC patients with cachexia. The main outcomes have previously been reported; briefly, over 12 weeks anamorelin was well tolerated and compared with placebo, significantly increased lean and fat mass and improved anorexia/cachexia symptoms, while changes of handgrip strength (HGS) and fatigue were not different. The aim of this analysis was to assess the response to anamorelin specifically in patients with BMI below 20 kg/m2. Methods: Stage III/IV NSCLC patients with cachexia ( ≥ 5% weight loss during prior 6 months or BMI < 20 kg/m2) were randomly assigned (2:1) to daily oral 100 mg anamorelin or placebo for 12 weeks. A post-hoc pooled analysis of efficacy data from both trials was conducted in patients with BMI < 20 kg/m2 (N = 182) and with BMI ≥ 20 kg/m2(N = 647). Endpoints included changes in lean body mass (LBM), fat mass (FM), HGS, and changes in self-reported anorexia/cachexia concerns and fatigue. Results: Compared with placebo, anamorelin significantly increased LBM both in patients with low BMI (treatment difference: 1.71 kg [95% CI 0.88 – 2.54]) and in those with normal/high BMI (1.47 kg [1.00 - 1.94]) (p < 0.001). Greater increases in FM were observed in the BMI < 20 kg/m2 (1.66 kg [0.86 – 2.46], p < 0.001) than in the BMI ≥ 20 kg/m2 subgroup (0.79 kg [0.30 - 1.28], p = 0.002). There were no treatment differences in HGS. In patients with low BMI, anamorelin significantly improved vs placebo anorexia/cachexia symptoms (5.27 [2.11 - 8.43], p = 0.001) and fatigue (3.94 [0.56 – 7-32], p = 0.023), while these were not significant in patients with BMI ≥ 20 kg/m2(anorexia/cachexia symptoms: 0.91 [(-0.56) - 2.37], p = 0.224; fatigue: (-0.42) [(-2.07) – 1.23], p = 0.616). Conclusions: Anamorelin increased lean and fat mass while improving anorexia/cachexia and fatigue patient-reported outcomes measures in NSCLC patients with cachexia and BMI < 20 kg/m2. Clinical trial information: NCT01387269 and NCT01387282.
Redox active donor-substituted punicin derivatives (2009)

The redox active plant material punicin from Punica granatum, 2-hydroxy-1-(pyridinium-1-yl)-5-olate, and some derivatives were modified by substitution with 2-oxochromen-4-olate moieties to give donor-substituted molecules which form distinct types of atropisomeric mesomeric betaines and tetrapolar substances. Oxidation to new negatively-charged solvatochromic quinones was achieved on treatment of these betaines with CAN, taking advantage of the stabilizing properties of the electron-donating 2-oxochromen-4-olate partial structure. The quinones can be employed in model redox reactions. Cyclovoltametric studies have been performed.
Immunosuppression following Thermal Injury through B Cell Activation of Suppressor T Cells (1980)

Using normal human lymphocytes isolated by sedimentation and cotton column adherence, we report development of a reliable assay of immunosuppression of PHA-induced blastogenesis by serum from patients with burn injuries. These lymphocyte cultures contained both responder cells (subpopulation x) and regulator cells (subpopulation y). Lymphocytes isolated by gradient centrifugation on sodium metrizoate-Ficoll contained responder cells (x) but no regulator cells (y). Cultures of lymphocytes isolated by this method were stimulated by PHA but were not suppressed by the addition of patient serum. When lymphocytes were isolated by a cotton column adherence/Lymphoprep centrifugation-double separation, subpopulations (x) and (y) were isolated. We have established that both subpopulations were necessary for suppression to occur, and that (y) operates as the regulator of (x). Finally, by manipulating B cell and T cell populations isolated by nylon column adherence or AET rosette separation, we have demonstrated that the regulator ability of subpopulation (y) is the result of B cell activation of suppressor T cells.
Geometrie Continuity with Interpolating Bezier Curves Preliminary Report (1985)

The Bezier formulation for parametrie curves has many qualities, among them the intuitive relationship between the shape of the control polygon and the shape of the curve, and the ease of computation and subdivision. Other formulations, however, have become more popular because they offer local control, or because they are interpolating, or even more rccently because they provide the added sexibility of shape parameters. We present here techniques to use the Bezier formulation to interpolate the two-dimensional points given by a user with cubic piecewise Bezier curves, while maintaining up to (j[21 continuity, and to intemctively manipulate the bias and tension of each span, with geometrie entities c1carly related to the curve, while preserving the degree of geometrie continuity prescribed by the user.
Towards Micro Service Architecture Recovery: An Empirical Study (2018)

Micro service architectures are rapidly establishing themselves in the software industry as a more efficient and effective substitute for monolithic applications. In a micro service architecture, the application is broken down into many small elements called micro services. These are managed in a distributed way and typically involve several development teams. In such an environment, an architectural model can get lost along the way, making it difficult to perform many downstream software engineering tasks, such as migration, audit, integration or impact analysis. To address this problem, we are developing support for Micro Service Architecture Recovery (MiSAR) using a Model Driven Engineering approach. In this paper, we describe an empirical study which aims to identify the core elements of our approach, by undertaking manual analysis on 8 micro service-based open source projects. From this analysis, we define a metamodel for micro service-based architectures and a set of mapping rules which map between the software and the metamodel. The resulting metamodel and mapping rules provide a solid foundation for any micro service architecture recovery approach and hence are a key first step towards managing the architectural integrity of micro service-based applications.
Role of the Osteoclast at the Bone-Implant Interface (1999)

A thorough understanding of the processes of healing, repair, and remodeling of bone is critical for the establishment and maintenance of osseointegration of dental implants. In this regard, much attention has been paid to the anabolic aspects of bone remodeling, including the cell biology of the osteoblast and the various cytokines and growth factors which regulate these processes. In contrast, there is little information on the bone-resorptive activity that occurs around implants during osseointegration, and of the role of osteoclasts, macrophages, and stromal cells in those catabolic processes associated with bone remodeling. This paper reviews osteoclast cell biology, the interaction of osteoclasts and biomaterials, and the information available on osteoclasts and dental implants, and poses some questions for future research.
Microprocessor based automatic sun tracker (1991)

A microprocessor-based automatic position control scheme has been designed for controlling the azimuth angle of an optimally tilted photovoltaic flat type solar panel or a cylindrical parabolic reflector to get the illuminating surface appropriately positioned for the collection of maximum solar irradiance. The scheme present ed results in considerable saving in power and is independent of the geographical location of the site of erection or temporal variations in environmental parameters.
Agricultural extension in Africa (1989)

This publication is a lively contribution to the controversy over which form of extension is most appropriate for conditions in African culture. Although the World Bank has long supported the training and visit (T & V) system of extension, its application in Africa is questioned by some of the authors, who propose modifications or alternatives to T & V. The extension systems in more than a dozen east and west African countries are described. They include commodity-based extension services, the farmer-focused approach of the T & V system, community-based extension that relies on the participation of farmers through village associations and cooperatives, and the farming systems approach that takes account of the whole agricultural production enterprise and farm family. Among the problems considered are cost-effectiveness, the weakness of African systems for generating technology, the difficulties of forging more productive partnerships between researchers, extensionists, and farmers, and the ineffectiveness of public services and the fragility of institutions and infrastructure in most of sub-Saharan Africa. Other issues discussed are the limited participation of farmers in the management of extension and the tendency of government extension services to respond more to bureaucratic imperatives than to farmers' needs.
The Manifestation of Stopping Sets and Absorbing Sets as Deviations on the Computation Trees of LDPC Codes (2010)

The error mechanisms of iterative message‐passing decoders for low‐density parity‐check codes are studied. A tutorial review is given of the various graphical structures, including trapping sets, stopping sets, and absorbing sets that are frequently used to characterize the errors observed in simulations of iterative decoding of low‐density parity‐check codes. The connections between trapping sets and deviations on computation trees are explored in depth using the notion of problematic trapping sets in order to bridge the experimental and analytic approaches to these error mechanisms. A new iterative algorithm for finding low‐weight problematic trapping sets is presented and shown to be capable of identifying many trapping sets that are frequently observed during iterative decoding of low‐density parity‐check codes on the additive white Gaussian noise channel. Finally, a new method is given for characterizing the weight of deviations that result from problematic trapping sets.
Fluorescent ratiometric sensing of pyrophosphate via induced aggregation of a conjugated polyelectrolyte (2010)

Direct detection of pyrophosphate (PPi) in aqueous solution is demonstrated using a cationic poly(phenylene-ethynylene) with polyamine side chains. Pyrophosphate-induced polymer aggregation causes a significant spectroscopic change, which in turn allows quantification of dissolved PPi using ratiometric signals.
Acetylation and modulation of erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF) activity by interaction with histone acetyltransferases (1998)

Erythroid Krüppel-like factor (EKLF) is a red cell-specific transcriptional activator that is crucial for consolidating the switch to high levels of adult beta-globin expression during erythroid ontogeny. EKLF is required for integrity of the chromatin structure at the beta-like globin locus, and it interacts with a positive-acting factor in vivo. We find that EKLF is an acetylated transcription factor, and that it interacts in vivo with CBP, p300, and P/CAF. However, its interactions with these histone acetyltransferases are not equivalent, as CBP and p300, but not P/CAF, utilize EKLF as a substrate for in vitro acetylation within its trans-activation region. The functional effects of these interactions are that CBP and p300, but not P/CAF, enhance EKLF's transcriptional activation of the beta-globin promoter in erythroid cells. These results establish EKLF as a tissue-specific transcription factor that undergoes post-translational acetylation and suggest a mechanism by which EKLF is able to alter chromatin structure and induce beta-globin expression within the beta-like globin cluster.
Sequences required for thrombomodulin cofactor activity within the fourth epidermal growth factor-like domain of human thrombomodulin (1993)

Activation of protein C by thrombin is stimulated by the endothelial cell cofactor thrombomodulin. The structural regions of thrombomodulin necessary for cofactor activity have been localized to the fourth through sixth epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domains. The fourth EGF-like domain is unnecessary for high affinity thrombin binding, but is required for cofactor activity. To identify essential sequences within the fourth EGF-like domain, a series of recombinant human thrombomodulins consisting of EGF-like domains four through six were expressed in human kidney cells. These mutants contain replacements of disulfide loops within the fourth EGF-like domain, thereby conserving overall disulfide bond structure. All of the mutants bound to thrombin with high affinity, and inhibited the fibrinogen-clotting activity of thrombin to a similar extent. Two regions of the fourth EGF-like domain were identified to be essential for cofactor activity: 1) the sequence consisting of amino acids Glu-357, Tyr-358, and Gln-359 shared by the overlapping first and second disulfide loops, and 2) the amino-terminal region of the third disulfide loop containing amino acids Glu-374, Gly-375, and Phe-376. These results suggest that amino acids critical for thrombomodulin cofactor activity are located near the junction between the two subdomains of the fourth EGF-like domain.
Magnetic and structural studies of the Verwey transition in Fe3−δO4 nanoparticles (2004)

Stoichiometric and cation-deficient magnetite Fe3−δO4 and γ-Fe2O3 particles have been prepared by the chemical method followed by heat treatments. The magnetic and structural properties were studied using neutron diffraction, magnetic measurements, and Mössbauer spectroscopy. Charge ordering of Fe3+ and Fe2+ and lattice distortion are not observed below the Verwey transition temperature in the stoichiometric and cation-deficient magnetite. It is found that the lattice parameter and the Verwey transition temperature decrease as the cation vacancy increases. The Verwey transition almost disappears in the Fe3−δO4 sample with δ=0.066. Mössbauer spectra show that the ratio of Fe3+/Fe2.5+ in stoichiometric magnetite can be modified by heat treatment. The Fe vacancies on the B sites change the nature of the Verwey transition. No cation vacancy ordering is observed for γ-Fe2O3, due to the small amount of cation vacancies in the compound.
Synthesis and Characterization of Polyhedral Silsesquioxanes Bearing Bulky Functionalized Substituents (1999)

A simple route to synthesize polyhedral silsesquioxanes, (RSiO1.5)n, by the hydrolytic condensation of modified aminosilanes, is reported. The starting material was N-(β-aminoethyl)-γ-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, a trifunctional aminosilane. It was reacted with a stoichiometric amount of phenylglycidyl ether in sealed ampules at 50 °C for 24 h, leading to the trisubstituted product plus a series of oligomers arising from the intermolecular reaction between methoxysilane groups and the secondary hydroxyls generated by the epoxy−amine reaction. When this product was subjected to hydrolytic condensation using a variety of catalysts (HCl, NaOH, HCOOH) and a thermal cycle attaining 150 °C, polyhedral silsesquioxanes (SSQO) were obtained. Their molar mass was independent of reaction conditions as revealed by size exclusion chromatography. Characterization by 1H, 13C, and 29Si NMR suggested that the main product was a mixture of polyhedral SSQO with n = 8 and 10; i.e., T8 and T10. Due to the high OH functionality, i.e., 24 OH groups in T8 and 30 OH groups in T10 polyhedra, the synthesized product may be used as a cross-linking unit of very high functionality or as a modifier for several polymeric materials.
In Situ Purification of Organic Materials for Organic Light-Emitting Device Fabrication (2001)

A simple, direct route to purify, as-deposited, materials for the fabrication of organic light emitting devices (OLEDs) is reported. In situ purification of 8-tris-hydroxyquinoline aluminum (Alq 3 ) can lead to devices with electroluminescence characteristics comparable to those of devices made with materials pre-purified via traditional separation processes such as recrystallization or vacuum sublimation.
Optimization of the predict operator in lifting-based motion-compensated temporal filtering (2004)

The motion-compensated temporal filtering is an essential part of a scalable wavelet-based video coding scheme, which applies a temporal wavelet transform in the motion direction over the frames of a video sequence. The lifting structure of the temporal filter bank tackled in this paper involves a predict operator which makes use of two motion vector fields to bidirectionally predict frames from their neighbouring ones. We show in this paper that there exists an optimal algorithm allowing to estimate jointly these two motion vector fields subject to an optimization criterion directly related to the coding of the detail subbands. We provide an iterative suboptimal form of this algorithm implementing this approach. We show that this algorithm provides substantial gains in terms of PSNR, with the same complexity as a separate estimation of the two motion vector fields.
Guide to the Selection and Use of Electroplated and Related Finishes (1982)

Description This guide aims to aid the designer, engineer, and others responsible for specifying finishes in the selection of appropriate electroplated and related coatings. Metallic coatings offer a wide range of properties that provide the designer with versatility well beyond that of single substances.
ANTIOXIDANT PROPERTIES OF ETHANOLIC AND METHANOLIC EXTRACTS FROM<i>MONASCUS</i>-FERMENTED SOYBEANS (2009)

ABSTRACT Soybeans are very common foods in oriental countries used as a meat substitute. Monascusspecies possess functional components and have been used on traditional fermented food. Solid-state fermentation of the soybean substrate by Monascus species is a new area of investigation. In the present study, methanolic extracts from three samples exhibited better antioxidant activity in the conjugated diene method, reducing power, scavenging ability on 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radicals and chelating ability on ferrous ions. Monascus species inoculated onto the soybean substrate contributed higher reducing power, scavenging and chelating abilities and higher amounts of phenol components than uninoculated soybean product. Overall, Monascus-fermented soybeans showed better antioxidant properties and can be developed as a new dietary supplement and functional food. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Soybeans and soy products are rich in isoflavones and are very common foods used as a meat substitute in oriental countries. Fungus Monascus has been used as a traditional fermented food and its metabolic products are also utilized as food pigments or biological agents in oriental countries for centuries. Many reporters showed that soy isoflavone aglycones and Monascus spp. metabolite exhibited physiological activities. In addition, previous studies showed a fermentation process using microorganisms to inoculate onto a nonsoluble material that can produce chemicals and enzymes. Therefore, the ethanolic and methanolic extracts from Monascus-fermented soybeans were evaluated for antioxidant properties, and the information obtained would be more valuable than that from soybeans to develop new functional foods.
PHF19 promotes multiple myeloma tumorigenicity through PRC2 activation and broad H3K27me3 domain formation (2019)

Dysregulation of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) promotes oncogenesis partly through its enzymatic function for inducing trimethylation of histone H3 lysine 27 (H3K27me3). However, it remains to be determined how PRC2 activity is regulated in normal and diseased settings. We here report a PRC2-associated cofactor, PHD finger protein 19 (PHF19; also known as polycomb-like 3), as a crucial mediator of tumorigenicity in multiple myeloma (MM). Overexpression and/or genomic amplification of PHF19 is found associated with malignant progression of MM and plasma cell leukemia, correlating to worse treatment outcomes. Using various MM models, we demonstrated a critical requirement of PHF19 for tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistically, PHF19-mediated oncogenic effect relies on its PRC2-interacting and chromatin-binding functions. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing profiling showed a critical role for PHF19 in maintaining the H3K27me3 landscape. PHF19 depletion led to loss of broad H3K27me3 domains, possibly due to impaired H3K27me3 spreading from cytosine guanine dinucleotide islands, which is reminiscent to the reported effect of an "onco"-histone mutation, H3K27 to methionine (H3K27M). RNA-sequencing-based transcriptome profiling in MM lines also demonstrated a requirement of PHF19 for optimal silencing of PRC2 targets, which include cell cycle inhibitors and interferon-JAK-STAT signaling genes critically involved in tumor suppression. Correlation studies using patient sample data sets further support a clinical relevance of the PHF19-regulated pathways. Lastly, we show that MM cells are generally sensitive to PRC2 inhibitors. Collectively, this study demonstrates that PHF19 promotes MM tumorigenesis through enhancing H3K27me3 deposition and PRC2's gene-regulatory functions, lending support for PRC2 blockade as a means for MM therapeutics.
Ensuring operating system kernel integrity with OSck (2011)

Kernel rootkits that modify operating system state to avoid detection are a dangerous threat to system security. This paper presents OSck, a system that discovers kernel rootkits by detecting malicious modifications to operating system data. OSck integrates and extends existing techniques for detecting rootkits, and verifies safety properties for large portions of the kernel heap with minimal overhead. We deduce type information for verification by analyzing unmodified kernel source code and in-memory kernel data structures.High-performance integrity checks that execute concurrently with a running operating system create data races, and we demonstrate a deterministic solution for ensuring kernel memory is in a consistent state. We introduce two new classes of kernel rootkits that are undetectable by current systems, motivating the need for the OSck API that allows kernel developers to conveniently specify arbitrary integrity properties.
IMP-6 observations of small-sized candidate cosmic gamma-ray bursts (1973)

Data are reported that show observations made by IMP-6 may make it possible to detect a number of cosmic gamma ray bursts in addition to those previously cataloged. Selection criteria are based on consistent time scale and observable intensity only. In addition, a differential energy analyzer with simultaneous storage was used making it possible to search for intensity increases simultaneously in several channels.
Synthesis of Ce:YAG Phosphor via Homogeneous Precipitation under Microwave Irradiation (2006)

Ultra-fine Ce:YAG phosphors were prepared by homogeneous precipitation under microwave irradiation method. The formation of Ce:YAG was investigated by means of XRD and DTA/TG. The purified YAG crystallized phase was obtained at a lower temperature (1100 ℃). Basically spherical Ce:YAG powders were indicated from TEM images, and the size of the particles is about 80 nm. Two peaks of 436 and 473 nm can be seen from the excitation spectrum in the range of 402～510 nm. A broad emission band located at 480～630 nm shows the phosphors prepared by this method have good emission properties.