gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Tuning the Refractive Index of Polymers for Polymer Waveguides Using Nanoscaled Ceramics or Organic Dyes (2004)

Plastic Optical Fibers (POF) show advantageous properties like high flexibility and their cost advantage in comparison to glass fibers. The refractive indices of core and cladding have to be modified in order to get total reflectance. Thus, there is a strong demand for refractive index adjustable polymers with improved transmission properties in the visible and the NIR range. Inorganic nanosized particles or organic dyes homogeniously dispersed or solved in the polymer matrix allow a tailored increase or decrease of the refractive index of various polymers.
On a Scale from 1 to 10, How Private Are You? Scoring Facebook Privacy Settings (2014)

As social interactions increasingly move to Face- book, the privacy options offered have come under inspection. Users find the interface confusing, and the impact of the individ- ual settings on a user's overall privacy is difficult to determine. This creates difficulties for both users and researchers: users cannot gauge the privacy of their respective configurations, and researchers cannot easily compare the degree of privacy encapsulated in different users' choices. In this work, we suggest a novel and holistic measure for Facebook privacy settings. Based on a survey of a sample of 189 Facebook users, we incorporate appropriate weights that combine the different options into one numerical measure of privacy. This serves as a building block for measurement and comparison of Facebook users' privacy choices, enabling new inferences and insights.
Spectral interpolation and downward continuation of marine magnetic anomaly data (1989)

A two‐ or three‐dimensional treatment of magnetic anomaly data generally requires that the data be interpolated onto a regular grid, especially when the analysis involves transforming the data into the Fourier domain. We present an algorithm for interpolation and downward continuation of magnetic anomaly data that works within a statistical framework. We assume that the magnetic anomaly is a realization of a random stationary field whose power spectral density (PSD) we can estimate; by using the PSD the algorithm produces an array incorporating as much of the information contained in the data as possible while avoiding the introduction of unnecessary complexity. The algorithm has the added advantage of estimating the uncertainty of every interpolated value. Downward continuation is a natural extension of the statistical algorithm. We apply our method to the interpolation of magnetic anomalies from the region around the 95.5°W Galapagos propagating rift onto a regular grid and also to the downward continuation of these data to a depth of 2200 m. We also note that the observed PSD of the Galapagos magnetic anomalies has a minimum at low wave numbers and discuss how this implies that intermediate wavelength (65 km < λ < 1500 km) magnetic anomalies are weaker than suggested by one dimensional spectral analysis of single profiles.
A review of skin ageing and its medical therapy (1996)

Intrinsic (chronological) skin ageing is characterized by atrophy of the skin with loss of elasticity and slowed metabolic activity. The superposition of environmental damage, particularly exposure to ultraviolet radiation (photodamage), on the intrinsic ageing process results, at least initially, in a hypertrophic repair response, with a thickened epidermis and increased melanogenesis. Even more striking changes occur in the dermis: massive elastosis (deposition of abnormal elastic fibres), collagen degeneration, and twisted, dilated microvasculature. Regular use of a sunscreen alone appears to allow some repair as well as protection from further photodamage. Topical tretinoin has been shown to partially reverse the clinical and histological changes induced by the combination of sunlight exposure and chronological ageing. A formulation of tretinoin in an emollient cream (Retinova, Renova), developed specifically for the treatment of photodamaged skin, has been extensively investigated in multicentre, double-blind trials and has been shown to produce significant improvement within 4-6 months of daily use, compared with vehicle alone, as part of a regimen including sun protection and moisturizer use. Histological changes in the epidermis and dermis noted after 12 months suggest tretinoin repairs photodamage by reconstitution of the rete pegs, repair of keratinocyte ultrastructural damage, more even distribution of melanocytes and melanin pigment, deposition of new papillary dermal collagen, and improvements in vasculature. Alpha-hydroxy acids (AHAs) have also been widely used for therapy of photodamaged skin, and these compounds have been reported to normalize hyperkeratinization and increase viable epidermal thickness and dermal glycosaminoglycans content. The single randomized controlled study now available appears to substantiate AHA efficacy and safety. In summary, recent work has substantially elucidated the ageing processes that affect the skin and has demonstrated that many of the unwanted changes can be improved by topical therapy.
SimSelect (1995)

SimSelect is a system developed for the purpose of providing support for users when selecting simulation software. SimSelect consists of a database which is linked to an interface developed using Visual Basic 3.0. The system queries a database and finds a simulation package suitable to the user, based on requirements which have been specified. It also provides a recommendation of alternative packages suitable to the user, and allows prioritisation of requirements in levels of importance. This paper provides an insight into the development of SimSelect, in addition to the reasoning behind the system.
Elimination von Atmungseffekten auf bewegungsinduzierte Änderungen der Herzrate - Elimination of Respiratory Effects on Movement-induced Cardiac Response (1997)

As part of a comprehensive movement study, the cardiac response induced by voluntary movement of the right and left index fingers was analysed. Since subjects synchronised movement and respiration, a special method that permitted the differentiation of movement-induced from respiratory-related effects was employed. This method is described, and its advantages over the standard method of estimating stimulus-induced cardiac responses are discussed. The results obtained in three subjects are presented, and the impact of the synchronisation of movement and respiration on the induced cardiac response demonstrated.
Anisotropic, lightweight, strong, and super thermally insulating nanowood with naturally aligned nanocellulose (2018)

There has been a growing interest in thermal management materials due to the prevailing energy challenges and unfulfilled needs for thermal insulation applications. We demonstrate the exceptional thermal management capabilities of a large-scale, hierarchal alignment of cellulose nanofibrils directly fabricated from wood, hereafter referred to as nanowood. Nanowood exhibits anisotropic thermal properties with an extremely low thermal conductivity of 0.03 W/m·K in the transverse direction (perpendicular to the nanofibrils) and approximately two times higher thermal conductivity of 0.06 W/m·K in the axial direction due to the hierarchically aligned nanofibrils within the highly porous backbone. The anisotropy of the thermal conductivity enables efficient thermal dissipation along the axial direction, thereby preventing local overheating on the illuminated side while yielding improved thermal insulation along the backside that cannot be obtained with isotropic thermal insulators. The nanowood also shows a low emissivity of <5% over the solar spectrum with the ability to effectively reflect solar thermal energy. Moreover, the nanowood is lightweight yet strong, owing to the effective bonding between the aligned cellulose nanofibrils with a high compressive strength of 13 MPa in the axial direction and 20 MPa in the transverse direction at 75% strain, which exceeds other thermal insulation materials, such as silica and polymer aerogels, Styrofoam, and wool. The excellent thermal management, abundance, biodegradability, high mechanical strength, low mass density, and manufacturing scalability of the nanowood make this material highly attractive for practical thermal insulation applications.
Ionization Mechanism of Cesium Plasma Produced by Irradiation of Dye Laser (1992)

When a cesium vapor was irradiated by a dye laser which was tuned to the cesium atomic transition line, the number of charged particles produced by the laser radiation was observed. Several sharp peaks in the number of charged particles were observed, which corresponded to the atomic transition where the lower level was the 6P excited atom. The ionization mechanism of the laser-produced cesium plasma has been discussed. An initial electron is produced by laser absorptions of the cesium dimer. When the cesium density is high, many 6P excited atoms are excited by electron collisions. The 6P excited atom further absorbs the laser photon and is ionized through the higher-energy state. As the cesium vapor pressure increases, the resonance effect becomes observable. The 6P excited atom plays a dominant role in the ionization mechanism of the laser-produced cesium plasma.
Computing Concepts with Java Essentials (1997)

From the Publisher:
This unique book teaches you the fundamental concepts of good computer programming while introducing you to one of the most powerful languages in use today--Java! It gives you an ideal balance between programming concepts and the details of Java. Rather than exhaustively cover the entire language, the author focuses on a subset of Java--a lean and practical core that is manageable, yet detailed enough to create powerful Java applets. And as you master the basics of Java, you'll be developing solid programming skills that will increase your effectiveness no matter which language you work with! Includes a wealth of practical advice, tips, and reference material.
The structure, biochemical properties, and immunogenicity of neurofilament peripheral regions are determined by phosphorylation state. (1985)

Treatment of freshly isolated, bovine neurofilaments with Escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase removes over 90% of the phosphate groups from serine residues of the Mr 200,000 and 150,000 polypeptide components (NF200 and NF150). Dephosphorylated NF200 and NF150 remain associated with filaments, but migrate in sodium dodecyl sulfate gels with reduced apparent molecular weights. Unusual migration appears to be due to modification at regions of these polypeptides that are peripheral to the neurofilament backbone as defined by limited chymotryptic digestion. Over 90 monoclonal antibodies recognizing epitopes located within the peripheral domain of native NF200 all show reduced affinity for dephosphorylated NF200. A single monoclonal antibody binds within the filament-associated domain of NF200 and its recognition of NF200 is unaffected upon treatment of neurofilaments with phosphatase. Around 50% of our monoclonal antibodies that bind NF150 monospecifically and at epitopes within its peripheral domain have reduced affinities for NF150 from phosphatase-treated filaments, while the remaining 50% bind native and dephosphorylated NF150 equally well. The smallest neurofilament component (NF70) contains few phosphate groups, most of which remain after treatment of neurofilaments with phosphatase. The resulting form of NF70 migrates normally in gels and its recognition by antibodies is unchanged. We conclude that phosphorylation modifies the structure of the two larger neurofilament polypeptides along domains that are peripheral to the filamentous backbone and that these effects are more pronounced for NF200 than for NF150.
Minimum denominator-multiplier pipelined recursive digital filters (1995)

Recursive digital filters implemented in direct form, transpose direct form, or cascade form can be pipelined with a new minimum denominator-multiplier (MDM) algorithmic transformation pipelining technique that permits hybrid pipelined solutions between the clustered look-ahead and scattered look-ahead techniques introduced by Parhi and Messerschmitt (1989). The new MDM technique makes use of asymmetrical scattering, in addition to symmetrical scattering, to achieve stable pipelined recursive digital filters which in most cases have substantially fewer added multipliers but in no case will have more added multipliers than the clustered look-ahead or scattered look-ahead techniques. Furthermore, the MDM technique always results in a minimum number of denominator multipliers resulting in a stable pipelined recursive digital filter which in nearly every case has fewer multipliers than the minimum order augmentation technique recently introduced by Lim and Liu (1992). Most importantly, the MDM technique provides a unified approach to pipelining recursive digital filters that 1) guarantees the minimum number of denominator multipliers for stability, 2) usually provides substantial reduction in the number of required multipliers compared to any other approach, and 3) reduces to any one of the other approaches if that approach results in a minimum denominator-multiplier realization.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Seismic Isolation of Storage Tanks (1989)

There has been a significant amount of research activity over the past decade on the seismic design of storage tanks. The seismic design issues and limit states are quite complex due to the fluid-tank interaction. Seismic isolation, an innovative and relatively new technology in the building and bridge fields, provides the opportunity of significantly reducing the seismic forces to which a structure is subjected. This paper examines conceptual methods and design issues of installing seismic isolators beneath storage tanks. The performance of isolated tanks is then assessed with the use of two case studies.
Linear applications of p-n-p-n tetrode (1970)

If a four-terminal p-n-p-n device is connected in such a way that its center junction is reversed-biased and the other two junctions are forward-biased, the device can operate as a small-signal semiconductor tetrode amplifier. This capability is demonstrated in this paper by investigating the following linear circuit applications; a controllable-gain amplifier, a signal multiplier, an amplitude modulator, and a voltage-controlled adjustable negative resistance.
Iterative Information Retrieval Using Fast Clustering and Usage-Specific Genres (1999)

This paper describes how collection specific empirically defined stylistics based genre prediction can be brought together together with rapid topical clustering to build an interactive information retrieval interface with multi-dimensional presentation of search results. The prototype presented addresses two specific problems of information retrieval: how to enrich the information seeking dialog by encouraging and supporting iterative refinement of queries, and how to enrich the document representation past the shallow semantics allowed by term frequencies. Searching For More Than Words Today&apos;s tools for searching information in a document database are based on term occurrence in texts. The searcher enters a number of terms and a number of documents where those terms or closely related terms appear comparatively frequently are retrieved and presented by the system in list form. This method works well up to a point. It is intuitively understandable, and for competent users and well e...
New Hybrid Materials Incorporating Poly(tetramethylene oxide) into Tetraethoxysilane-Based Sol—Gel Glasses (1988)

A novel hybrid system incorporating triethoxysilane endcapped poly(tetramethylene oxide) (PTMO) with tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) has been successfully prepared utilizing a sol-gel process. Compared with the TEOS-PDMS systems reported earlier, these new materials show higher extensibility and tensile strength. Although the high functionality of triethoxysilane endcapped PTMO helps promote good dispersion of this oligomeric component, some degree of local phase separation still results, though not of pure PTMO character. This is supported by the observation of a single peak in the dynamic mechanical tantδ spectrum and a broad maximum in the SAXS profile. The effects of PTMO molecular weight and TEOS content on the structure-property behavior have been studied, and a simplified model for these systems is suggested. Titanium isopropoxide has also been successfully incorporated into the hybrid systems by employing a different reaction procedure; the resulting materials show higher modulus and tensile strength relative to the pure TEOS-PTMO systems. Significant aging at ambient temperatures is observed for all PTMO-modified materials and is attributed to further diffusion-limited curing of the TEOS-based species.
A 9 MHz–2.4 GHz Fully Integrated Transceiver IC for a Microfluidic-CMOS Platform Dedicated to Miniaturized Dielectric Spectroscopy (2016)

This paper presents a fully integrated transceiver IC as part of a self-sustained, microfluidic-CMOS platform for miniaturized dielectric spectroscopy (DS) from MHz to GHz. Fabricated in AMS 0.35 μm 2P/4M RF CMOS, the transmitter (TX) part of the IC generates a single-tone sinusoidal signal with frequency tunability in the range of ~ 9 MHz-2.4 GHz to excite a three-dimensional (3D), parallel-plate, capacitive sensor with a floating electrode and 9 μL microfluidic channel for sample delivery. With a material-under-test (MUT) loaded into the sensor, the receiver (RX) part of the IC employs broadband frequency response analysis (bFRA) methodology to measure the amplitude and phase of the RF excitation signal after transmission through the sensor. A one-time, 6-point sensor calibration algorithm then extracts both the real and imaginary parts of the MUT complex permittivity, ϵr, from IC measurements of the sensor transmission characteristics in the voltage domain. The "sensor + IC" is fully capable of differentiating among de-ionized (DI) water, phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), and alcoholic beverages in tests conducted at four excitation frequencies of ∼ 50 MHz , 500 MHz, 1.5 GHz, and 2.4 GHz generated by the TX. Moreover, permittivity readings of PBS by the sensor interfaced with the IC at six excitation frequencies in the range of ~ 50 MHz-2.4 GHz are in excellent agreement (rms error of 1.7% (real) and 7.2% (imaginary)) with those from bulk-solution reference measurements by commercial benchtop equipment. The total power consumption of the IC is with 1.5 V (analog) and 3.3 V (digital) supplies.
Photoconductivity and charge trapping in<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">Al</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math> (1981)

An electron trap which strongly affects the photoconductivity of colored $\ensuremath{\alpha}\ensuremath{-}{\mathrm{Al}}_{2}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ has been investigated from 10 to 300 K. The trap, which also causes the 260-K thermoluminescence peak and makes possible the interconversion of $F$ and ${F}^{+}$ centers by optical means, was studied in thermochemically-reduced samples as well as in samples which had been irradiated with high-energy electrons, reactor neutrons, or $\ensuremath{\gamma}$ rays. The activation energy for thermal release of the electron from the trap has been measured as 0.73\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.03 eV from the photoconductivity, thermoluminescence, and phosphorescence. The absorption band for optical release of the electron has been observed in the excitation spectrum of the photoconductivity near 5 eV, with a half-width of \ensuremath{\sim}0.6 eV. The possible identity of this and other traps is discussed.
Image segmentation from multi-look passive polarimetric imagery (2007)

A passive imaging polarimeter records the polarization state of light reflected by an object that is illuminated with an unpolarized and usually uncontrolled source. Passive polarimetric imagery has shown to be useful in many remote sensing applications including shape extraction, material classification and target detection/recognition. In this paper, we present an image segmentation algorithm that automatically extracts an object from multi-look passive polarimetric imagery. The term multi-look refers to multiple polarization measurements where the position of the source of illumination (typically the Sun in passive systems) changes between measurements. The proposed method relies on our previous work on estimating the complex index of refraction and reflection angle from multi-look passive polarimetric imagery. We experimentally showed that the estimates for the index of refraction were largely invariant to both the position of the source and the view angle. Consequently, we utilize the index of refraction as a feature vector to design an illumination invariant image segmentation algorithm. A clustering approach based on the classic c-means algorithm is used for segmenting objects based on their index of refraction. The proposed segmentation approach is validated by using data collected under laboratory conditions. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method is effective for segmenting various targets of interest.
DECODE: A Co-operative Program Understanding Environment (1996)

The large size and high-percentage of domain-specific code in most legacy systems makes it unlikely that automated tools will be able to extract a complete underlying design. Yet automated tools can clearly recognize portions of the design. This suggests exploring environments in which programmer and system work together to understand legacy software. DECODE is such an environment. It supports programmer and system co-operation to extract design information from legacy software systems. DECODE's automated program understanding component recognizes standard implementations of domain independent plans to produce an initial knowledge base of object-orientated design elements. DECODE's structured notebook component provides the user with a graphical view of the initial understanding, which the user can extend by linking arbitrary source code fragments to either existing or new design elements, and then uses this design information to support conceptual queries about the program's code and design.
Ultrafast patterning of nanoparticles by electrostatic lithography (2006)

Electron beam lithography is one of the best tools for patterning nanostructures, but its usage is limited due to slow processing. To enhance the patterning speed, the authors used a low dose electron beam to generate a “latent” charge pattern image and then create a real pattern by attaching positively charged particles by electrospray. Hard baked 2.3μm thick polymethylmethacrylate substrates were irradiated with a 2keV electron beam with a dose of 50nC∕cm2. Positively charged silver nanoparticles were generated by an electrospray technique in which a nanoparticle solution mixed with hexane was sprayed through a 15μm diameter capillary tip with an applied potential of 4.5kV. Charged nanoparticles were deposited to the charge patterned sites by electrostatic attraction with a resolution of 0.7μm. This patterning approach, which we call “electrostatic lithography,” represents a speed increase of ∼20 times over standard fast electron beam resists that require typical doses of 1μC∕cm2. This approach may lead to a general capability for ultrafast patterning of nanomaterial building blocks including nanoparticles and nanotubes without requiring additional etching or other processing steps.