gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Voltage dependence of the carrier-mediated ion transport (2006)

With regards to the common features of carrier-mediated transport, voltage dependence was studied, using an asymmetric, six-state model. Our study shows that for an ion exchanger, transporting one kind of ion via exchange with another kind, the ion flux as a function of the membrane potential shows a sigmoidal curve with a shallow slope, saturation behavior, and possibly a negative slope. These features are mainly due to the transport of ions with charges of the same sign in the opposite direction. Membrane potential depolarization can facilitate only one transport and hinder another. As a result, the ion flux cannot increase dramatically and has an upper limitation because the exchanging rate depends on competition of the two inversely voltage-dependent transport processes. In contrast, for unidirectional ion transporters, the ion flux will monotonically increase as a function of the membrane potential. Both the maximum ion flux and the voltage sensitivity are much higher than those of the ion exchanger.
Environmental perception: an application of multi-sensor data fusion to autonomous off-road navigation (2006)

Environmental perception is one of the most difficult problems for off-road autonomous vehicles. Due to the variety and complexity of off-road environments, the information from any single sensor is not enough for safe and efficient vehicle navigation. Employing more sensors can greatly improve the vehicle's perceptive capability. This paper describes a multi-sensor data fusion system for off-road autonomous vehicles. The system acquires data from one camera, four laser range finders, one radar, and several ultrasonic sensors. A hierarchical structure is used to organize the sensors from feature level to high fusion level. Dempster-Shafer evidence theory is adopted to decide the classification of each grid in the fusion map. A weighted evidence combination rule is proposed and implemented to improve the decision results under high conflicting circumstance. The experimental results showed the validity of our method.
Low‐Temperature Surface Passivation of Silicon for Solar Cells (1989)

Low‐temperature‐deposited silicon nitride and aluminum oxide films are investigated for reducing carrier recombination at the silicon surface. The insulator/silicon interface properties (fixed charge density, fast interface state density, and surface recombination velocity) are studied as a function of deposition and annealing temperature in the range of 270°–550°C. The effects of UV irradiation and their elimination by charge‐induced passivation are extensively discussed. The successful application of both films for front surface passivation of a novel thin‐silicon solar cell of the back collection type (BACK‐MIS cell) is demonstrated. Finally, a simple configuration for efficient back surface passivation of solar cells is introduced as a possible substitute for the conventional back surface field.
Preparation of YBaCuO thin films with excellent crystallinity on amorphous substrates prepared by facing targets sputtering (1990)

YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub x/ (YBCO) thin films with almost perfect orientation were prepared on amorphous fused quartz substrates by a facing targets sputtering (FTS) system without a detectable difference in composition between targets and films. The lowest substrate temperatures at which clear c-axis orientation and evident crystallite growth were attained were 490 degrees C and 580 degrees C. However, the films deposited on MgO exhibited a modulation structure with spacing of 4.2 A in thickness direction normal to the film plane, whereas the films deposited on fused quartz did not exhibit such a modulation structure. The film deposited on fused quartz at substrate temperatures as low as 600 degrees C had a T/sub c/ as high as 94 K with perfect c-axis orientation and excellent surface smoothness. Consequently, the FTS system may be suitable for fabricating such superconductive oxide films, even on amorphous substrates.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polarization insensitive low-loss coupling technique between SOI waveguides and high mode field diameter single-mode fibers (2007)

A polarization insensitive technique for highly efficient coupling between SOI waveguides and high mode field diameter single-mode fibers is reported. The proposed coupling structure is based on an inverted taper structure coupled to a fiber-adapted waveguide. The fiber-adapted waveguide is made by using the SiO(2) layer under the Si waveguiding layer of the SOI wafer thus avoiding the use of extra materials such as polymers. The proposed coupling structure is aimed for being integrated with V-groove auto-alignment techniques. Coupling losses of 3.5dB and 3.7dB to 8mum mode field diameter single-mode fibers have been estimated by means of 3D-BPM simulations for TE and TM polarizations respectively and a 1550nm input signal wavelength.
Word Clustering Using PLSA Enhanced with Long Distance Bigrams (2010)

Probabilistic latent semantic analysis is enhanced with long distance bigram models in order to improve word clustering. The long distance bigram probabilities and the interpolated long distance bigram probabilities at varying distances within a context capture different aspects of contextual information. In addition, the baseline bigram, which incorporates trigger-pairs for various histories, is tested in the same framework. The experimental results collected on publicly available corpora (CISI, Cran field, Medline, and NPL) demonstrate the superiority of the long distance bigrams over the baseline bigrams as well as the superiority of the interpolated long distance bigrams against the long distance bigrams and the baseline bigram with trigger-pairs in yielding more compact clusters containing less outliers.
Securing IEEE 1588 by IPsec tunnels - An analysis (2010)

IPsec is one of the most widespread protocols to establish secure communication for the Internet Protocol. Besides the fact that this protocol is fully integrated in the Internet Protocol suite, the main advantage of using secure tunnels for IEEE 1588 clock synchronization is the reduced maintenance effort. Instead of requiring, e.g., different key management or connection setup protocols for each application a single tunnel can be used to protect underlying services such as clock synchronization by IEEE 1588 and many other applications. This paper analyzes the usage of IPsec security mechanisms to protect the IEEE 1588 clock synchronization protocol and, in particular, its impact on the precision of clock synchronization. Straightforward application as well as dedicated designs to integrate high-precision, hardware-supported clock synchronization are investigated. Measurements show that for lower precision IPsec can be applied straightforward, for high precision dedicated modification on hardware and algorithms are required.
Genetically modified <i>Lactococcus lactis</i>: novel tools for drug delivery (2006)

The dairy bacterium Lactococcus lactis can be genetically engineered to secrete bioactive cytokines. This enabled the development of an entirely novel drug delivery system: topical and active delivery of therapeutic proteins by genetically modified micro‐organisms. In mice, intestinal inflammation can be successfully treated with interleukin‐10‐ (IL‐10) or trefoil factor‐secreting L. lactis . In human application, biological containment is guaranteed by exchange of the gene encoding thymidylate synthase for IL‐10. The recombinant strain is now absolutely dependent on exogenous thymidine. Thymidine starvation will irreversibly lead to ‘thymidine‐less death’ induction. This accomplishment has opened applications in human medicine.
Heterocycle Synthesis via Direct C–H/N–H Coupling (2011)

A method for five- and six-membered heterocycle formation by palladium-catalyzed C-H/N-H coupling is presented. The method employs a picolinamide directing group, PhI(OAc)(2) oxidant, and toluene solvent at 80-120 °C. Cyclization is effective for sp(2) as well as aliphatic and benzylic sp(3) C-H bonds.
Ultrastructure of siliceous spicules and microsclerocytes in the marine sponge <i>Neofibularia irata</i> N. SP. (1980)

The marine sponge Neofibularia irata contains four different categories of siliceous spicules. These spicules are evident in the tissues as distinct bundles that act to increase the structural rigidity of the sponge. All spicules have a normal structural morphology with silica deposition around a hexagonal axial canal containing a crystalline axial filament. The megasclere strongyles are secreted in typical megasclerocytes. The sigma and raphid microscleres are secreted in individual microsclerocytes that are grouped together in parallel to form loose bundles. However, the microxea microscleres are apparently secreted in distinct tight bundles (trichodragmas) within a single cell. These cells, containing between 13 and 39 spicules, are grouped to form large packets of bundles of spicules.
Language-model-based ranking for queries on RDF-graphs (2009)

The success of knowledge-sharing communities like Wikipedia and the advances in automatic information extraction from textual and Web sources have made it possible to build large "knowledge repositories" such as DBpedia, Freebase, and YAGO. These collections can be viewed as graphs of entities and relationships (ER graphs) and can be represented as a set of subject-property-object (SPO) triples in the Semantic-Web data model RDF. Queries can be expressed in the W3C-endorsed SPARQL language or by similarly designed graph-pattern search. However, exact-match query semantics often fall short of satisfying the users' needs by returning too many or too few results. Therefore, IR-style ranking models are crucially needed.
Pneumocystic carinii pneumonia in children with cancer. Diagnosis and treatment. (1970)

Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia was diagnosed in 19 children with cancer. The diagnosis was made in 14 children by pulmonary needle aspiration and demonstration of the organism by methenamine silver nitrate stain. Two children had tension pneumothorax and one had postaspiration hemoptysis following needle aspiration, but there was no mortality from the procedure. Seventeen children were treated with pentamidine isethionate; nine recovered. Toxicity to pentamidine consisted of elevated blood urea nitrogen levels and hypoglycemia .
Magnetism and catalysis (1978)

Catalysts have been characterized through their magnetic properties for many years. Bulk phases, such as metals, oxides, carbides, etc., are easily identified by magnetic transitions and moments. Unique magnetic contributions to catalysis occur in catalyst dispersions and adsorption. Catalysts are prepared as small crystallites upon the surface of a refractory support. These crystallites are in the diameter range of 10 to 200 Å, which means they are superparamagnetic for ferromagnetic metals and superantiferromagnetic for antiferromagnetic oxides. Magnetization measurements lead to crystallite size distributions of dispersed nickel and these have been useful in the investigation of preparational methods, crystallite size effects in adsorption and catalysis and sintering phenomena. Similar results are possible for supported oxides, such as NiO, Fe2O3, etc., but reported applications are not extensive. Adsorption of gases on ferro- and paramagnetic catalysts may result in a transfer of electrons, detectable through magnetic changes. This effect has been applied to adsorption intermediates. Current trends in catalysis indicate the importance of molecular clusters of atoms, which will be a promising application for magnetism, both experimental and theoretical.
Audio content identification by using perceptual hashing (2005)

This paper presents a hashing method for automatic song recognition. This technique works by analyzing the signal and taking into account its nature. The goal of automatic recognition is obtained by extracting different features, which are robust to signal processing and distinctive of the signal. They describe in a compact way the signal and can be efficiently stored in a database. The features are analyzed for short frames using a quantization approach, and a parameter for identification is proposed. Moreover we define also a confidence computed on the identification parameter. By combining the two parameters, a better identification is obtained. The algorithm is tested in different situations: compression, cropping, noise addition, subsampling, stereo to mono conversion, etc. The results show that the identification can be performed also using a short excerpt of the song
Identification and Characterization of a Novel Golgi Protein, Golgin-67 (2000)

In the course of screening a lambdagt11 human leukemic T-cell cDNA expression library with an antibody specific to the mitotic target of Src, Sam68, we identified and cloned a cDNA encoding a novel protein with a predicted molecular mass of 51.4 kDa. Polyclonal antibodies raised to a His(6)-tagged construct of this protein, detected a approximately 67-kDa protein in immunoprecipitation experiments, and cytological studies showed that this protein localized to the Golgi complex, through colocalization experiments with specific Golgi markers. Therefore, we designated this protein golgin-67. Sequence analysis revealed that golgin-67 is a highly coiled-coil protein, with potential Cdc2 and Src kinase phosphorylation motifs. It has sequence homologies to other Golgi proteins, including the coatamer complex I vesicle docking protein, GM130. Structurally, golgin-67 resembles, golgin-84, an integral membrane Golgi protein with an N-terminal coiled-coil domain and a single C-terminal transmembrane domain. The C-terminal region of golgin-67, which contains a predicted transmembrane domain, was demonstrated to be essential for its Golgi localization.
[Intravascular embolization in treatment of craniocerebral vascular diseases]. (1993)

From Aug. 1986 to June 1992, 193 cases of craniocerebral vascular diseases were treated with intravascular embolization. Among these there were 52 cases of carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF), 31 intracranial aneurysms, 83 arteriovenous malformations (AVM), and 27 dural AVMs. Intravascular embolization was first used in the treatment of CCF and dural AVM. For those of non-clippable aneurysms, detachable balloon catheter was adopted, but investigation of whole brain vessels and Matas' test should be made before embolization. As to brain AVM, embolization or combination of embolization and surgery is practical in some cases. Use of IBCA glue or silk suture in embolization is depends on the anatomical feature of AVM.
Reactions of Toluic Acids with Sulfur. II. 4,4'-Bibenzyldicarboxylic Acid (1954)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReactions of Toluic Acids with Sulfur. II. 4,4'-Bibenzyldicarboxylic AcidWm. G. Toland Jr. and John B. WilkesCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1954, 76, 1, 307–308Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1954Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1954https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01630a102https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01630a102research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relative time based MBSFN content synchronization (2013)

In LTE, enhanced MBMS (eMBMS) allows the combining of MBMS transmission from tightly synchronized cells, in a technique known as Multimedia Broadcast Single Frequency Network (MBSFN). In MBSFN transmission, all eNodeBs in a given MBSFN area must have the radio frames transmitted with the same physical symbol timing. With use of the Extended Cyclic Prefix and the Synchronization Protocol(SYNC) running between the BM-SC (Broadcast/Multicast Service Center) and eNB(eNodeB), it is possible to synchronize content transmission from multiple eNBs. The synchronization protocol layer in BM-SC shall set Time Stamp value that indicates the relative time value of the synchronization sequence. This paper investigates how eNodeB can ensure synchronized MBSFN content transmission with the use of common relative time reference.
Liquid Chromatography of Polymers at the Exclusion — Adsorption Transition Point: Physicochemical Interpretation (2001)

Abstract This paper deals with liquid chromatography of polymers at the exclusion-adsorption transition point (LC EATP). In order to better understand and define this specific elution mode, all polymer chains with the same chemical structure are eluted at the identical retention time whatever their molar mass, a physicochemical study dealing with solution properties of polymers was undertaken. A correlation between polystyrene dimensions and this chromatographic mode was attempted by viscometry and light scattering measurements. The influence of temperature was also studied. It was demonstrated that EATP is obtained for specific values of polymer/adsorbent interactions, for a given eluent desorli/adsorli, and for a “critical polarity” of the eluent.
Topological Polaritons (2015)

The interaction between light and matter can give rise to novel topological states. This principle was recently exemplified in Floquet topological insulators, where classical light was used to induce a topological electronic band structure. Here, in contrast, we show that mixing single photons with excitons can result in new topological polaritonic states-or "topolaritons." Taken separately, the underlying photons and excitons are topologically trivial. Combined appropriately, however, they give rise to nontrivial polaritonic bands with chiral edge modes allowing for unidirectional polariton propagation. The main ingredient in our construction is an exciton-photon coupling with a phase that winds in momentum space. We demonstrate how this winding emerges from the finite-momentum mixing between s-type and p-type bands in the electronic system and an applied Zeeman field. We discuss the requirements for obtaining a sizable topological gap in the polariton spectrum and propose practical ways to realize topolaritons in semiconductor quantum wells and monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides.
In search of the elusive lossless metal (2010)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation J. B. Khurgin, G. Sun; In search of the elusive lossless metal. Appl. Phys. Lett. 3 May 2010; 96 (18): 181102. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.3425890 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAIP Publishing PortfolioApplied Physics Letters Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
Hand gestures for HCI using ICA of EMG (2006)

Aiming at the use of hand gestures for humancomputer interaction, this paper presents an approach to identify hand gestures using muscle activity separated from electromyogram (EMG) using independent component analysis. While there are a number of previous reported works where EMG has been used to identify movement, the limitation of the earlier works is that the systems are suitable for gross actions, and when there is one prime-mover muscle involved. This paper reports overcoming the difficulty by using independent component analysis to separate muscle activity from different muscles and classified using backpropogation neural networks.The paper reports experimental results where the system was accurately able to identify the hand gesture using this technique for all the experiments (100%). The system has been shown not to be sensitive to electrode position as the experiments were repeated on different days. The advantage of such a system is that it is easy to train by a lay user, and can easily be implemented in real time after the initial training.
Evaluation of Hyaluronan from Different Sources:  <i>Streptococcus </i><i>z</i><i>ooepidemicus</i>, Rooster Comb, Bovine Vitreous, and Human Umbilical Cord (2004)

Sodium hyaluronate (HA) is widely distributed in extracellular matrixes and can play a role in orchestrating cell function. Consequently, many investigators have looked at the effect of exogenous HA on cell behavior in vitro. HA can be isolated from several sources (e.g., bacterial, rooster comb, umbilical cord) and therefore can possess diverse impurities. This current study compares the measured impurities and the differences in biological activity between HA preparations from these sources. It was demonstrated that nucleic acid and protein content was highest in human umbilical cord and bovine vitreous HA and was low in bacterial and rooster comb HA. Macrophages exposed to human umbilical cord HA produced significantly higher amounts of TNF-alpha relative to control or bacterial-derived HA. These results indicate that the source of HA should be considered due to differences in the amounts and types of contaminants that could lead to widely different behaviors in vitro and in vivo.
Compact Multibeam Dual-Frequency (24 and 77 GHz) Imaging Antenna for Automotive Radars (2003)

2 versions of a compact multi-beam dual-frequency antenna for 24 and 77 GHz have been developed for automotive applications. The antenna consists of a spherical Teflon lens with a frequency selective surface (FSS), which is fed by two sets of endfire tapered slot antennas (TSAs). The FSS is built on a 127 μm-thick Duroid™ substrate and is placed between two Teflon hemispheres, and is reflective at 24 GHz and transparent at 77 GHz in the first design, and is transparent at 24 GHz and reflective at 77 GHz in the second design. The TSAs for the 24 GHz and 77 GHz systems are built on a single piece of 254 μm-thick Duroid™ substrate. The measured patterns result in E and H-plane patterns with a -3-dB beamwidth of 19° at 24 GHz and 5.5° at 77 GHz. The sidelobe level is better than -17 to -20 dB when the FSS is transparent and is better than -14 dB when the FSS is reflective. The calculated efficiency of this antenna system is around 50%. The current designs provide 33° coverage at 24 GHz (3 beams) and 55° coverage at 77 GHz (11 beams) in the first design, and 99° coverage at 24 GHz (7 beams) and 33° coverage at 77 GHz (7 beams) in the second design, but the angles can be changed to suit different coverage angles.
AC Electrokinetic Pumps for Micro/NanoFluidics (2004)

We have developed micropumps for microfluidics that use AC electric fields to drive aqueous fluid motion through micro channels. These pumps operate at relatively low voltages (~5–10Vrms), and high frequencies (~100kHz). They have several distinct advantages over the DC electrokinetic pumps. The low voltages make the pumps well suited for a wide variety of biosensor and “Lab-on-a-Chip” applications (e.g. PCR chip for DNA amplification). The high frequencies minimize electrolysis, so that bubbles do not form on the electrode surfaces, and do not contaminate the working fluid. The pumps can also be used as active valves or precision micro-dispensers.