gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solving the CLSP by a Tabu Search Heuristic (1996)

The multi-item, single-level, capacitated, dynamic lot-sizing problem, commonly abbreviated as CLSP, is considered. The problem is cast in a tight mixed-integer programming model (MIP); tight in the sense that the gap between the optimal value of MIP and that of its linear programming relaxation (LP) is small. The LP relaxation of MIP is then solved by column generation. The resulting feasible solution is further improved by adopting the corresponding set-up schedule and re-optimizing variable costs by solving a minimum-cost network flow (trans-shipment) problem. Subsequently, the improved solution is used as a starting solution for a tabu search procedure, with the worth of moves assessed using the same trans-shipment problem. Results of computational testing of benchmark problem instances are presented. They show that the heuristic solutions obtained are effective, in that they are extremely close to the best known solutions. The computational efficiency makes it possible to solve realistically large problem instances routinely on a personal computer; in particular, the solution procedure is most effective, in terms of solution quality, for larger problem instances.
Robot gains social intelligence through multimodal deep reinforcement learning (2016)

For robots to coexist with humans in a social world like ours, it is crucial that they possess human-like social interaction skills. Programming a robot to possess such skills is a challenging task. In this paper, we propose a Multimodal Deep Q-Network (MDQN) to enable a robot to learn human-like interaction skills through a trial and error method. This paper aims to develop a robot that gathers data during its interaction with a human, and learns human interaction behavior from the high dimensional sensory information using end-to-end reinforcement learning. This paper demonstrates that the robot was able to learn basic interaction skills successfully, after 14 days of interacting with people.
A simple approach to modeling cross-talk in integrated circuits (1994)

A simple engineering approach for rapid simulation of cross-talk in mixed-mode IC's using SPICE is presented. A side-by-side comparison of several cross-talk reduction schemes has shown that while an SOI-based process provides high isolation from cross-talk at low operating frequencies, its benefit is lost at high frequencies. Simple guard ring substrate contacts appear to be the technique best suited for preventing cross-talk at high operating frequencies. Lumped parameter equivalent circuits have also been developed to represent different isolation schemes in SPICE. The isolation characteristics of test structures employing the above techniques are computed using SPICE and the results compared with two-dimensional device simulation. The results are also compared with experimental measurements on actual silicon to validate the models.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Self‐Healing Colloidal Crystals (2009)

Healing hands: A complex interplay between colloidal and polymeric energetics in microgel self-assembly behavior results in soft colloidal assemblies with self-healing properties. Repulsive soft spheres can adopt highly compressed conformations in colloidal crystalline lattices without directly contacting the nearest neighbors (see picture). This distant action is directly responsible for the self-healing of the assemblies.
Predictors of Tumor Progression During Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Breast Cancer (2010)

PURPOSE Although most breast cancer patients who receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) have a tumor response, a small proportion experience progressive disease (PD). Predictors of response have been reported, but predictors for progression have not been identified. We sought to identify predictors of tumor progression during NCT with the ultimate aim of identifying patients who might benefit from a first-line surgical approach or from novel targeted therapies. PATIENTS AND METHODS Data were obtained from reviewing medical records of patients with stage I to III breast cancer who received NCT (anthracycline and/or taxane based). Statistical analysis was performed to compare patients with any response or stable disease with patients with PD. RESULTS One thousand nine hundred twenty-eight patients received NCT; 1,762 patients (91%) had some response, 107 (6%) had stable disease, and 59 (3%) had PD at some point during NCT. Factors predictive of PD included African American race (P = .002), tumor (T) status (P = .002), and American Joint Committee on Cancer clinical stage (P = .02). Histopathologic features of PD were high tumor grade (P = .005), high Ki-67 score (P = .002), and negative estrogen receptor (ER)/progesterone receptor (PR) status (P < .001/P < .001). Pre-NCT T status, race, and ER status were independent predictors of progression in multivariate analysis. Disease progression was a negative predictor of distant disease-free survival and overall survival in multivariate analysis (P < .001). CONCLUSION Factors predictive of PD include race, advanced tumor stage, high nuclear grade, high Ki-67 score, and ER/PR negativity. Because many of these variables are also associated with response to NCT, novel molecular predictors are needed to identify patients at risk for progression on standard NCT.
National Checklist Program for IT Products – Guidelines for Checklist Users and Developers (2015)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the Nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analyses to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical
Preparations and Appliances (1949)

The perimeter described below is made from a "perspex" half-sphere; the material is colourless, transparent, and about 4
Saliva pH Changes in Patients with High and Low Caries Risk After Consuming Organic (Sucrose) and Non-Organic (Maltitol) Sugar (2013)

Introduction: Enamel demineralization is associated with decrease in saliva pH due to fermentation of sugar by oral commensal. Thus, exploring the changing pattern of saliva pH is meaningful in dental caries prevention. The aim of this study was to compare the changing pattern of saliva pH after consuming different types of sweeteners (sucrose and maltitol). Methods: It was a case-control study involving 14 male patients attending IIUM dental clinic who were selected with the intention of getting seven patients with high caries risk ( DMFT ≥6) and seven patients with low caries risk (DMFT ≤3) with initial saliva pH interval of 6.5 to7.5. Patients were asked to consume snacks containing 8 gram sucrose and 8 gram maltitol as sweeteners. The changing pH values of the saliva were measured by Waterproof pHTestr 10BNC (Oakton, Vernon Hills, USA) seven times consecutively at 0 (before snack consumption), and at 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 60 minutes after snack consumption. The pH values of saliva of patients with low and high caries risk after consuming sucrose and maltitol were statistically analized by using Anova and Tukey-HSD tests at α = 0.05. Result: There were significant differences in saliva pH changes between low-risk group and high-risk group after consuming sucrose and maltitol. Conclusion: The changing patterns of saliva pH in high-risk patients were lower than those of low-risk patients after consuming two types of snacks containing sucrose and maltitol.
Glucocorticoid-Induced TNF Receptor Functions as a Costimulatory Receptor That Promotes Survival in Early Phases of T Cell Activation (2005)

Glucocorticoid-induced TNFR (GITR) is a member of the TNFR family that can inhibit the suppressive function of regulatory T cells and promote the survival and activation of T cells. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms regulating T cell survival and activation downstream of GITR. To gain further insight into the cellular events and signaling pathways triggered by GITR, survival, proliferation, and cytokine production as well as activation of MAPKs and NF-kappaB were monitored after cross-linking of the receptor on naive and activated T cells. GITR cross-linking provided costimulation of naive and activated T cells and resulted in activation of MAPKs and NF-kappaB. Although GITR-induced signaling pathways augmented the survival of naive T cells, they were not sufficient to inhibit activation-induced cell death triggered by CD3 cross-linking of activated T cells. Differences in the contributions of GITR to cell survival between naive and activated T cells suggest that the receptor triggers specific pathways depending on the activation state of the T cell.
Growth and developmental regulation of wnt-2 (irp) gene in mesenchymal cells of fetal lung (1992)

The wnt gene family encodes a group of proteins implicated as intercellular signaling molecules in vertebrate development. Because many wnt genes are also expressed in the lung, we have examined whether the wnt family member wnt-2 (irp) plays a role in lung development. We have cloned rat wnt-2 and found that this cDNA detects multiple mRNAs expressed at high levels in fetal rat lung. Much lower levels were found in adult rat lung and other tissues, including, surprisingly, the mammary gland. The wnt-2 mRNA was also detected in human fetal lung fibroblast cell lines, where the mRNA levels were dramatically regulated by growth state as well as growth factor stimulation. In situ hybridization showed that, in fetal rat lung, wnt-2 mRNA expression is restricted to the mesenchyme; levels in the developing epithelium were indistinguishable from background. Based on the known properties of other wnt proteins, our data lead us to propose that wnt-2 may play a role in lung development by mediating intercellular interaction(s) between mesenchyme and epithelium.
Sustainable automated software deployment practices (2013)

Many organizations follow the same error-prone, time-consuming, and redundant procedures to install software manually, whether as part of a master image or on individual computers. Usually this involves visiting a system, executing some sort of interface, selecting a subset of modules or configuring certain options, and waiting for the installer to complete. There is another way: automated software deployment, which affords greater efficiency, consistency, and ultimately, service. This paper discusses the organization and detailed implementation of automating software installations and updates using silent and unattended methods, with various levels of administrative intervention, from help desk to systems administrator. We also describe different approaches to creating such an environment for both "mass" devices (e.g., public computer lab systems) and individual devices (e.g., faculty/staff desktop systems).
Effect of Pilocarpine 4% in Combination With Latanoprost 0.005% or 8-iso Prostaglandin E2 0.1% on Intraocular Pressure in Laser-induced Glaucomatous Monkey Eyes (2001)

The smaller reductions in IOP with pilocarpine and latanoprost than with pilocarpine and 8-iso PGE2 show that pilocarpine blocks much more of the ocular hypotensive effect of latanoprost than of 8-iso PGE2. The results also indicate that pilocarpine and latanoprost are mutually antagonistic. Enhancement of uveoscleral outflow appears to account for most of the ocular hypotensive effect of latanoprost and for much less of the ocular hypotensive effect of 8-iso prostaglandin E2.
Biodiesel from Low-Grade Animal Fat: Production Process Assessment and Biodiesel Properties Characterization (2008)

Biodiesel from different mixtures of animal fat and soybean oil has been synthesized, and its properties have been evaluated and related to its composition. A mixture of 50 vol % of both raw materials has been selected as a suitable feedstock for industrial biodiesel production, and a computer simulation of the production process using Aspen Plus software has been carried out to evaluate the industrial feasibility of this scheme using this cheaper feedstock. The results obtained suggest that the process proposed and described produces a biodiesel with the selected feedstock acceptable by the standards with a lower final cost. The feedstocks employed are cheaper and consist of a waste fat without any other use, thus increasing the environmental benefits of the biodiesel and reducing dependency on conventional agricultural raw materials.
Mutagenesis Study of the Cytochrome c Subunit Responsible for the Direct Electron Transfer-Type Catalytic Activity of FAD-Dependent Glucose Dehydrogenase (2018)

The FAD-dependent glucose dehydrogenase from <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> (FADGDH) is a hetero-oligomeric enzyme that is capable of direct electron transfer (DET) with an electrode. The cytochrome <i>c</i> (cyt <i>c</i>) subunit, which possesses three hemes (heme 1, heme 2, and heme 3, from the N-terminal sequence), is known to enable DET; however, details of the electron transfer pathway remain unknown. A mutagenesis investigation of the heme axial ligands was carried out to elucidate the electron transfer pathway to the electron mediators and/or the electrode. The sixth axial ligand for each of the three heme irons, Met109, Met263, and Met386 were substituted with His. The catalytic activities of the wild-type (WT) and mutant enzymes were compared by investigating their dye-mediated dehydrogenase activities and their DET abilities toward the electrode. The results suggested that (1) heme 1 with Met109 as an axial ligand is mainly responsible for the electron transfer with electron acceptors in the solution, but not for the DET with the electrode; (2) heme 2 with Met263 is responsible for the DET-type reaction with the electrode; and (3) heme 3 with Met386 seemed to be the electron acceptor from the catalytic subunit. From these results, two electron transfer pathways were proposed depending on the electron acceptors. Electrons are transferred from the catalytic subunit to heme 3, then to heme 2, to heme 1 and, finally, to electron acceptors in solution. However, if the enzyme complex is immobilized on the electrode and is used as electron acceptors, electrons are passed to the electrode from heme 2.
El profesor Fuentes Quintana ante tres cambios fundamentales de la economía española (1997)

En la tesis se realiza un analisis de las tres operaciones de transformacion de la economia espanola mas importantes, llevadas a cabo en la segunda mitad de este siglo: el plan nacional de estabilizacion economica de 1959, los ajustes a la crisis de los anos 70 y el proceso de integracion de la economia espanola en la europea.para analizar esas tres transformaciones, se trataba de elegir una figura representativa de los economistas espanoles, que hubiera participado en ellas. esa eleccion recayo en el prof. Fuentes Quintana. 
La tesis se organiza en cuatro capitulos. en el primero se hace una resena biografica de Fuentes Quintana. en el capitulo segundo se hace un repaso de la vision de Fuentes Quintana sobre el plan de estabilizacion y las criticas a los planes de desarrollo. en el capitulo tercero se detalla la participacion de Fuentes Quintana en los pactos de la Moncloa y en la reforma tributaria iniciada en 1977. El capitulo cuarto esta dedicado a evaluar el proceso de incorporacion de Espana a la Union Europea, y las valoraciones efectuadas sobre el mismo por Fuentes Quintana, hasta finales de 1994.
A low damage, low contaminant plasma processing system utilizing energy clean technology (1991)

A plasma processing system for ULSI device manufacturing using energy clean technology is proposed that is capable of subtle control of ion impact energy under very low pressure and magnetron enhancement. Careful and extensive probe measurements were carried out to determine the effects of magnetic field, plasma excitation frequency, DC-biasing of plasma confining cylinder (shield), DC-biasing of electrodes and secondary RF excitation on spatial distribution of potential. It was found that the substrate DC potential can be effectively controlled by DC-biasing or RF-biasing using an external DC power source or a secondary RF excitation, respectively. As a consequence, the wafer-surface damage induced by the high energy ions can be minimized by directly controlling the potential difference between plasma and substrate. The study also found that DC-biasing of the shield is very effective in minimizing the chamber material contamination, i.e., the contamination levels of both iron and copper atoms measured by total reflection X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Phosphonomethyl Oligonucleotides as Backbone-Modified Artificial Genetic Polymers (2018)

Although several synthetic or xenobiotic nucleic acids (XNAs) have been shown to be viable genetic materials in vitro, major hurdles remain for their in vivo applications, particularly orthogonality. The availability of XNAs that do not interact with natural nucleic acids and are not affected by natural DNA processing enzymes, as well as specialized XNA processing enzymes that do not interact with natural nucleic acids, is essential. Here, we report 3'-2' phosphonomethyl-threosyl nucleic acid (tPhoNA) as a novel XNA genetic material and a prime candidate for in vivo XNA applications. We established routes for the chemical synthesis of phosphonate nucleic acids and phosphorylated monomeric building blocks, and we demonstrated that DNA duplexes were destabilized upon replacement with tPhoNA. We engineered a novel tPhoNA synthetase enzyme and, with a previously reported XNA reverse transcriptase, demonstrated that tPhoNA is a viable genetic material (with an aggregate error rate of approximately 17 × 10<sup>-3</sup> per base) compatible with the isolation of functional XNAs. In vivo experiments to test tPhoNA orthogonality showed that the E. coli cellular machinery had only very limited potential to access genetic information in tPhoNA. Our work is the first report of a synthetic genetic material modified in both sugar and phosphate backbone moieties and represents a significant advance in biorthogonality toward the introduction of XNA systems in vivo.
Design and Analysis of an Ultra-Wideband Automatic Self-Calibrating Upconverter in 65-nm CMOS (2012)

In this paper, an ultra-wideband (UWB) upconverter is proposed that has automatic self-calibrating circuits for the in-phase/quadrature mismatch correction and the local (LO) leakage suppression. The proposed self-calibrating circuits have been devised to have UWB functionality without help of the baseband processor. In addition, calibrating circuits do not need any additional analog-to-digital converter or sample-and-hold capacitors that are used to store and update the minimum power because the proposed calibrators find the solution from informations in current state. To verify the performance, the upconverter was applied to an UWB transmitter (Tx), operating from 3.1 to 4.8 GHz and from 6.3 to 9 GHz in 65-nm CMOS. The measured data shows UWB performance for the sideband rejection up to 9 GHz and the LO leakage suppression up to 5 GHz, respectively. The automatically calibrated Tx has error vector magnitude of lower than -20 dB, output 1-dB compression point of -6 dBm, LO leakage of lower than -43 dBm, and sideband suppression ratio of higher than 45 dBc with current consumption of 175 mA from a 1.2-V power supply for all supporting bands and time frequency codes defined in WiMedia UWB specifications.
Cloud-based NFC Mobile Payments (2013)

Near Field Communication (NFC) is a shortrange radio communication technology that enables the contactless method of data transmission for mobile phones, tablets, PDAs, laptops, PCs, etc. One of the main features of NFC technology is that it provides contactless payments. People can use their NFC enabled digital devices to pay for products and services. They are also able to use NFC applications such as loyalty and ticketing apps. Secure and cost beneficial implementation as well as adoption of NFC technology has caused a delay regarding its popularity and usability amongst people. NFC payment is mostly on trial in different countries to examine the consequences of the collaboration between involved parties and also to investigate if people accept this new method of payment. Managing different NFC applications which contains sensitive information as well as not having complete set of standards to finalize the relationships between ecosystem stakeholders has created some issues that address the ownership, card personalization, manageability and flexibility of the NFC ecosystem. In this paper, we discuss different Secure Element (SE) architectures and argue that using the Cloud technology in mobile payments will resolve some of the current issues in NFC payments.
High voltage silicon-on-insulator (SOI) MOSFETs (2002)

Novel lateral high-voltage SOI MOSFETs capable of withstanding up to 400 V are presented. The design optimization, fabrication, and experimental results obtained for these devices are presented. The devices can be implemented using a CMOS-SOI compatible process. To ensure high voltage capability, the reduced surface field (RESURF) technique and field plates are used. The blocking, DC, and transient characteristics of the devices were investigated both theoretically and experimentally. Optimization of the process parameters involved in the design of the structures is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Study on the Energy and Fluid Metabolism and the Pathology and Symptomatology of Taeeumin based on The Discourse on Viscera and Bowels of Donguisusebowon (2012)

Objectives : We aimed to analyze the meanings of the energy and fluid metabolism in the Discourse on Viscera and Bowels of Donguisusebowon, and to find the clues for the explanation of the pathology and symptomatology of Taeeumin. Methods : The Discourse on Viscera and Bowels of Donguisusebowon was reviewed and examined for relevant information on the energy and fluid metabolism from the structural and the functional point of view respectively. And, based on the derived meanings of the energy and fluid metabolism, the pathology and symptomatology of Taeeumin were analyzed. Results and Conclusions : 1. The meanings of the energy and fluid metabolism can be explained by the different attributes of the energy and fluid produced from the esophagus and the small intestine, and the different function of exhaling-dispersing and inhaling-concentrating in the different tract of circulation such as Lung affiliation (esophagus, skin, ear and lung) and Liver affiliation (small intestine, flesh, nose and liver). 2. The Exterior disease of Taeeumin starts with the weakness of exhaling-dispersing function at the skin, and leads to the dysfunction of the esophagus and the lung sequently. The dysfunction of the lung aggravates that of the skin and the esophagus. 3. The Interior disease of Taeeumin begins with excess of the inhaling-concentrating functions at the flesh and the small intestine, and leads to the dysfunction of the lung, which induces the dysfunction of exhaling-concentration at the skin and esophagus. And, this disparities between exhaling-dispersing and inhaling-concentrating functions exasperate the problem at the flesh and the small intestine.