gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Peer-to-Peer Direct Sales (2005)

The article describes and gives an economic analysis of a business model for commercial content delivery networks (CDN) based on the peer-to-peer model. The content is stored in the CDN on the hosts of the peers. A user pays for access to the content, and can sell the content to other users as in a direct sales network. The content trade is a free market transaction (including billing and accounting) handled by superpeers, who receive a markup for their services and pay the content provider a gratification for every transaction. The system makes use of reputation mechanisms with a goal contrary to most P2P research: to promote content trading and discourage sharing for free. The article compares the profit obtained by the content provider in a client-server CDN and the P2P CDN, and analyzes the stable-state prices in a P2P CDN.
C‐terminal fragments of parathyroid hormone‐related protein, PTHrP‐(107‐111) and (107‐139), and the N‐terminal PTHrP‐(1‐40) fragment stimulate membrane‐associated protein kinase C activity in rat spleen lymphocytes (1994)

Membrane-associated protein kinase C (PKC) activity in lymphocytes freshly isolated from rat spleen was stimulated by the C-terminal parathyroid hormone-related protein fragments, PTHrP-(107-111) and PTHrP-(107-139), at concentrations from 10(-3) to 10(4) pM. By contrast, the same concentrations of PTHrP-(120-139), without the 107-111 TRSAW (-Thr-Arg-Ser-Ala-Trp-) sequence of the other C terminal fragments, did not stimulate spleen lymphocyte PKC. Low concentrations of the N-terminal PTHrP-(1-40) fragment also stimulated membrane-associated PKC activity in the spleen lymphocytes. These results suggest that PTHrP might be an important physiological regulator of the immune response.
ChemInform Abstract: The First Application of Selectfluor in Electrophilic Fluorination of Amines: A New Route to ‐NF<sub>2</sub>, ‐NHF, and >NF Compounds. (2001)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Pyrosequencing-based comparative genome analysis of the nosocomial pathogen Enterococcus faecium and identification of a large transferable pathogenicity island (2010)

Genes involved in environmental persistence, colonization and virulence can easily be aquired by E. faecium. This will make the development of successful treatment strategies targeted against this organism a challenge for years to come.
Studies for Highly Qualifing Case-Carburized and Hardened Steel Gear Using Shot Peening and Barrelling Processes. (1998)

Since recently a speed changer in a motor vehicle or a gear reducer in a generalized industrial equipment have been demanded to transmit high torque or to be compact, an improvement of a load carrying capacity of gears used in it will properly be required. Their current gears are almost case-carburized and hardened steels. However, it is often said that these materials have already gotten the limit of endurance. Then, a shot peening process may be expected to improve the fatigue strength of case-carburized and hardened steel. It is very difficult to make the surface roughness of the roller or gear tooth finished smaller than the oil film thickness by a grinding machine. Even if possible, grinding time of the surface will be very long, and it is not economical from the viewpoint of manufacturing process. However, it is thought that the both processes of shot peening and barrelling, which can easily be applied to the gear with complex configuration, are an advantageous for processing time. In the present paper, outlines of pitting strength of rollers finished by these processes are indicated and machining precisions and tooth surface characteristics of gears finished by these ones are discussed. The authors would like to recommend to employ the processes of shot peening and barrelling after grinding the gear tooth of case-carburized and hardened steel from both viewpoints of the improvement of fatigue strength and the economy of attaining a high quality gear.
Quantitative real time PCR for the measurement of white spot syndrome virus in shrimp (2002)

Quantitative real time PCR, recently developed in molecular biology, is applied in this paper to quantify the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV) in infected shrimp tissue. The WSSV content in moribund shrimp of all species tested ( Penaeus stylirostris, P. monodon, P. vannamei ) ranged from 2.0 × 10 4 to 9.0 × 10 10 WSSV copies μg –1 of total DNA ( n =26). In whole moribund post‐larvae, 4.3 × 10 9 WSSV copies μg –1 of DNA were detected which is equivalent to 5.7 × 10 10 WSSV copies g –1 of post‐larvae. The comparison of WSSV content between different tissues showed that muscle and hepatopancreas tissues contained 10 times less virus than gills, pleopods and haemolymph. With inocula of known virus content, bioassays by immersion challenge showed that a minimum of five logs of WSSV copies was necessary to establish disease in the challenged shrimp. In contrast, five logs of WSSV copies injected into shrimp muscle produced a LT‐50 of 52 h. This real time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique is sensitive (four copies), specific (negative with DNA from shrimp baculoviruses and parvoviruses), dynamic (seven logs) and easy to perform (96 tests in <4 h).
Ultra-low nonlinearity low-loss pure silica corefibre for long-haul WDM transmission (1999)

A new design of pure silica core fibre with an effective area > 110 µm2 and attenuation of 0.171 dB/km at 1.55 µm has been successfully developed. It exhibits ultra-low nonlinearity and excellent bending loss performance.
A Method of Solution of Fuzzy Relation Equations Using Signs Matrix (1992)

ファジィ関係式は 1967 年に Sanchez によって提案され, その後多くの研究者によってファジィ関係式の解法に関する発表がなされた.しかし, 互いに包含関係にない解集合だけを求める方法は報告なされていない.本解法は塚本らの解法を基にするものである.塚本の解法では, 解を求めるための行列W^kのうち, 解が空集合となるWがあり, ある解集合が他の解集合に包含される場合があるることに対して, 大小を比較する符号を行列に導入し, 符号行列により包含関係にない解のみを得る方法を提案する.さらに, 解が存在しない場合に, 行列TとWにより簡単に判別できることを示す.
A Novel Approach for Joint Radio Resource Management Based on Fuzzy Neural Methodology (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> In this paper, an innovative mechanism to perform joint radio resource management (JRRM) in the context of heterogeneous radio access networks is introduced. In particular, a fuzzy neural algorithm that is able to ensure certain quality-of-service (QoS) constraints in a multicell scenario deployment with three different radio access technologies (RATs), namely, the wireless local area network (WLAN), the universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS), and the global system for mobile communications (GSM)/Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution (EDGE) radio access network (GERAN), is discussed. The proposed fuzzy neural JRRM algorithm is able to jointly manage the common available radio resources operating in two steps. The first step selects a suitable combination of cells built around the three available RATs, while the second step chooses the most appropriate RAT to which a user should be attached. A proper granted bit rate is also selected for each user in the second step. Different implementations are presented and compared, showing that the envisaged fuzzy neural methodology framework, which is able to cope with the complexities and uncertainties of heterogeneous scenarios, could be a promising choice. Furthermore, simulation results show that the reinforcement learning mechanisms introduced in the proposed JRRM methodology allow guaranteeing the QoS requirement in terms of the so-called user dissatisfaction probability in the presence of different traffic loads and under different dynamic situations. Also, the proposed framework is able to take into consideration different operator policies as well as different subjective criteria by means of a multiple decision-making mechanism, such as balancing the traffic among the RATs or giving more priority to the selection of one RAT in front of another one. </para>
Dual-band-enhanced Transmission through a Subwavelength Aperture by Coupled Metamaterial Resonators (2015)

In classical mechanics, it is well known that a system consisting of two identical pendulums connected by a spring will steadily oscillate with two modes: one at the fundamental frequency of a single pendulum and one in which the frequency increases with the stiffness of the spring. Inspired by this physical concept, we present an analogous approach that uses two metamaterial resonators to realize dual-band-enhanced transmission of microwaves through a subwavelength aperture. The metamaterial resonators are formed by the periodically varying and strongly localized fields that occur in the two metal split-ring resonators, which are placed gap-to-gap on either side of the aperture. The dual-band frequency separation is determined by the coupling strength between the two resonators. Measured transmission spectra, simulated field distributions, and theoretical analyses verify our approach.
Chronic exposure to neonicotinoids reduces honey bee health near corn crops (2017)

Experiments linking neonicotinoids and declining bee health have been criticized for not simulating realistic exposure. Here we quantified the duration and magnitude of neonicotinoid exposure in Canada's corn-growing regions and used these data to design realistic experiments to investigate the effect of such insecticides on honey bees. Colonies near corn were naturally exposed to neonicotinoids for up to 4 months-the majority of the honey bee's active season. Realistic experiments showed that neonicotinoids increased worker mortality and were associated with declines in social immunity and increased queenlessness over time. We also discovered that the acute toxicity of neonicotinoids to honey bees doubles in the presence of a commonly encountered fungicide. Our work demonstrates that field-realistic exposure to neonicotinoids can reduce honey bee health in corn-growing regions.
Trisomy 12 in B Cells of Patients with B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (1986)

Trisomy 12 is the most frequently reported chromosome abnormality in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia, but only normal karyotypes are found in one third of patients with that disorder. Moreover, samples from patients with trisomy 12 also have many normal metaphases. To identify immunologically the cells in which both the trisomy 12 and the normal karyotypes occur, we studied two patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia--one whose neoplastic cells demonstrated lambda light-chain clonality and one whose cells had kappa light-chain clonality. We used a recently developed cytogenetic method that allows simultaneous analysis of cell morphology, immunologic phenotype, and karyotype in the same mitotic cell. In cultures of blood cells stimulated with pokeweed mitogen and tetradecanoylphorbol acetate, all the mitotic cells with either the lambda or the kappa immunoglobulin had trisomy 12, whereas all the cells that lacked these light chains or that had T-cell markers (OKT8 or OKT4) had normal karyotypes. These results show that trisomy 12 in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia occurs in the neoplastic B cells, but not in the T cells, and they thus provide an explanation for the common finding of mitoses with normal karyotypes in patients with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia.
Fabrication Method for Laboratory-Scale High-Performance Membrane Electrode Assemblies for Fuel Cells (2016)

Custom catalyst-coated membranes (CCMs) and membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) are necessary for the evaluation of advanced electrocatalysts, gas diffusion media (GDM), ionomers, polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs), and electrode structures designed for use in next-generation fuel cells, electrolyzers, or flow batteries. This Feature provides a reliable and reproducible fabrication protocol for laboratory scale (10 cm<sup>2</sup>) fuel cells based on ultrasonic spray deposition of a standard Pt/carbon electrocatalyst directly onto a perfluorosulfonic acid PEM.
Miniature ultrathin‐layer isoelectric focusing in 20–50 μm polyacrylamide gels (1981)

Abstract Ultrathin‐layer isoelectric focusing in polyacrylamide gels on silanized supports provided the means for developing a miniature system combining short focusing time with high resolution and operational simplicity. The essence of miniature ultrathin‐layer isoelectric focusing is the combined use of short separation distances (1–3 cm) and high field strengths (400–700 V/ cm), which can be applied in standard equipment simply by reducing the thickness of the gel to 20–50 um for improved heat dissipation. By the criterion of coalescence of proteins migrating from different positions, a steady state is reached in pH 4–9 servalyt T carrier ampholytes on 1 cm gels after 2 min (15 Vh) and on 3 cm gels after 10 min total focusing time (110–130 Vh). On 3 cm gels the resolution is 0.03–0.035 pI in wide‐range carrier ampholytes, and 0.01–0.02 pI in narrow‐range (0.3 pH units) carrier ampholytes isolated by preparative isoelectric focusing of pH 4–9 Servalyt T in Bio‐Gel P‐60 layers. Miniature ultrathin‐layer isoelectric focusing can easily be adapted to the analysis of multiple samples. When the volume is limited to 0.2–0.4 μl, up to four samples per cm can be applied directly on the gel surface. At this loading, the gel volume per focused sample amounts to only 0.5–5 μl. The gel volume per sample is reduced by a factor of 10–200, relative to the 10–12 cm separation distance in 50–100 μm gel layers. This results in a considerable saving of carrier ampholytes and reagents for gel preparation. For serial dilutions of pH marker proteins, the sensitivity of protein detection after staining with Serva Blue G or Serva Violet 49 is 10–15 ng protein in the miniature system. Miniature ultrathin‐layer isoelectric focusing should prove to be an attractive method for routine applications in clinical, industrial and research laboratories in those cases when only small amounts of material are available or when rapid results are required. The method is particularly suitable for studies of genetic polymorphisms of proteins and enzymes.
Mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers transfer-printed on silicon-on-sapphire (2017)

We experimentally demonstrate transfer-printing of mid-infrared quantum cascade lasers onto a silicon-on-sapphire platform and laser light coupling to a silicon waveguide via an adiabatically tapered mode converter. Transferred devices operate in pulsed mode at room-temperature.
High-performance organic transistors with high-<i>k</i> dielectrics: A comparative study on solution-processed single crystals and vacuum-deposited polycrystalline films of 2,9-didecyl-dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (2012)

High carrier-mobility organic field-effect transistors are developed employing high-k gate dielectrics so that unprecedentedly high transconductance is realized. 2,9-didecyl-dinaphtho[2,3-b:2′,3′-f]thieno[3,2-b]thiophene (C10-DNTT) solution-crystallized films are coated on hybrid gate insulators of silane self-assembled monolayers and high-k Al2O3 formed by atomic-layer-deposition. Intrinsically high carrier mobility exceeding 10 cm2/Vs in the crystalline C10-DNTT is preserved even on the high-k gate insulators because of suppressed coupling of the field-induced carriers to the polarization of the dielectrics.
Preventing re-recording based on difference between sensory perceptions of humans and devices (2010)

We propose a method for preventing illegal re-recording of images and videos with digital camcorders. Conventional digital watermarking techniques involve embedding content ID into images and videos, which helps to identify the place and time where the actual content was recorded. However, digital watermarking technology does not control the illegal re-recording of digital content with camcorders. The proposed method prevents such re-recording by corrupting the recorded content with an invisible noise signal using CCD or CMOS devices during recording. In this way, the re-recorded content will be unusable. To validate the results of this proposed method, we developed a functional prototype system for preventing illegal re-recording and implemented it on a 100-inch cinema screen.
Information Rate of a Coaxial Cable with Various Modulation Systems (1966)

In contrast to inherently broadband media, such as radio, TE <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">01</inf> waveguide, or guided coherent light, the attenuation of a coaxial cable increases rapidly with frequency. Thus, while for broadband media broadband transmission schemes (FM or PCM, for example) decrease the power required for a given channel capacity, they would seem to be ill-suited to coaxial cable. Idealized comparisons are made among digital systems which transmit pulses of various numbers of amplitudes or levels. These show multilevel digital pulse transmission or analog transmission to have greater channel capacity (in the sense of information theory) than digital pulse transmission. Practical difficulties or cost of instrumentation may, in particular instances, dictate the use of single-sideband frequency-division multiplex for efficient voice transmission or binary pulse transmission for efficient digital transmission. Multilevel pulse transmission is a possible alternative if problems of instrumentation can be overcome.
2, 6-Bis [3-N,N-Dimethylamino-1-Oxopropen-1-Yl]Pyridine as a Building Block in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of 2,2′:6′,2″-Terpyridines and 2,6-Bis[Pyrazolyl, Isoxazolyl, Diazepinyl, Pyrazolo[5,1-a]Pyrimidinyl and Pyrazolo-[4,3-D]Pyridazinyl]Pyridines (2004)

A convenient synthesis is reported of some new 2, 2′:6′, 2″-terpyridines, and polycyclic pyridino-2,6-bis-[heterocycles and fused heterocycles] via reaction of 2,6-bis[3-N,N-dimethylamino-1-oxopropen-1-yl]pyridine (2) with various type of nucleophilic reagents. The biological screening showed that many of the prepared compounds have good antibacterial and antifungal activities comparable to Ampicillin and clotrimazoles.
Genome Sequence Analysis of the Emerging Human Pathogenic Acetic Acid Bacterium <i>Granulibacter bethesdensis</i> (2007)

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an inherited immune deficiency characterized by increased susceptibility to infection with Staphylococcus, certain gram-negative bacteria, and fungi. Granulibacter bethesdensis, a newly described genus and species within the family Acetobacteraceae, was recently isolated from four CGD patients residing in geographically distinct locales who presented with fever and lymphadenitis. We sequenced the genome of the reference strain of Granulibacter bethesdensis, which was isolated from lymph nodes of the original patient. The genome contains 2,708,355 base pairs in a single circular chromosome, in which 2,437 putative open reading frames (ORFs) were identified, 1,470 of which share sequence similarity with ORFs in the nonpathogenic but related Gluconobacter oxydans genome. Included in the 967 ORFs that are unique to G. bethesdensis are ORFs potentially important for virulence, adherence, DNA uptake, and methanol utilization. GC% values and best BLAST analysis suggested that some of these unique ORFs were recently acquired. Comparison of G. bethesdensis to other known CGD pathogens demonstrated conservation of some putative virulence factors, suggesting possible common mechanisms involved in pathogenesis in CGD. Genotyping of the four patient isolates by use of a custom microarray demonstrated genome-wide variations in regions encoding DNA uptake systems and transcriptional regulators and in hypothetical ORFs. G. bethesdensis is a genetically diverse emerging human pathogen that may have recently acquired virulence factors new to this family of organisms.
Prostaglandin receptors in lower segment myometrium during gestation and labor (1999)

Changes in prostaglandin EP2 receptor isoform expression are consistent with influence on maintenance of quiescence. Labor at term is associated with a significant increase in FP receptor expression, consistent with influence on contraction. The balance between the two receptor isoforms might mediate myometrial contractility.
Multifractal Analysis of Image Profiles for the Characterization and Detection of Defects in Additive Manufacturing (2017)

Metal-based powder-bed-fusion additive manufacturing (PBF-AM) is gaining increasing attention in modern industries, and is a promising direct manufacturing technology. Additive manufacturing (AM) does not require the tooling cost of conventional subtractive manufacturing processes, and is flexible to produce parts with complex geometries. Quality and repeatability of AM parts remain a challenging issue that persistently hampers wide applications of AM technology. Rapid advancements in sensing technology, especially imaging sensing systems, provide an opportunity to overcome such challenges. However, little has been done to fully utilize the image profiles acquired in the AM process and study the fractal patterns for the purpose of process monitoring, quality assessment, and control. This paper presents a new multifractal methodology for the characterization and detection of defects in PBF-AM parts. Both simulation and real-world case studies show that the proposed approach effectively detects and characterizes various defect patterns in AM images and has strong potential for quality control of AM processes.
A model system for pathogen detection using a two-component bacteriophage/bioluminescent signal amplification assay (2004)

Microbial contamination has become a mounting concern the last decade due to an increased emphasis of minimally processed food products specifically produce, and the recognition of foodborne pathogens such as Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Listeria monocytogenes. This research investigates a detection approach utilizing bacteriophage pathogen specificity coupled with a bacterial bioluminescent bioreporter utilizing the quorum sensing molecule from Vibrio fischeri, N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-homoserine lactone (3-oxo-C6-HSL). The 3-oxo-C6-HSL molecules diffuse out of the target cell after infection and induce bioluminescence from a population of 3-oxo-C6-HSL bioreporters (ROLux). E. coli phage M13, a well-characterized bacteriophage, offers a model system testing the use of bacteriophage for pathogen detection through cell-to-cell communication via a LuxR/3-oxo-C6-HSL system. Simulated temperate phage assays tested functionality of the ROLux reporter and production of 3-oxo-C6-HSL by various test strains. These assays showed detection limits of 10<sup>2</sup>cfu after 24 hours in a varietry of detection formats. Assays incorporating the bacteriophage M13-luxI with the ROLux reporter and a known population of target cells were subsequently developed and have shown consistent detection limits of 10<sup>5</sup>cfu target organisms. Measurable light response from high concentrations of target cells was almost immediate, suggesting an enrichment step to further improve detection limits and reduce assay time.