gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A fast and efficient translational control system for conditional expression of yeast genes (2009)

A new artificial regulatory system for essential genes in yeast is described. It prevents translation of target mRNAs upon tetracycline (tc) binding to aptamers introduced into their 5'UTRs. Exploiting direct RNA-ligand interaction renders auxiliary protein factors unnecessary. Therefore, our approach is strain independent and not susceptible to interferences by heterologous expressed regulatory proteins. We use a simple PCR-based strategy, which allows easy tagging of any target gene and the level of gene expression can be adjusted due to various tc aptamer-regulated promoters. As proof of concept, five differently expressed genes were targeted, two of which could not be regulated previously. In all cases, adding tc completely prevented growth and, as shown for Nop14p, rapidly abolished de novo protein synthesis providing a powerful tool for conditional regulation of yeast gene expression.
Metallic ion concentration during menstrual cycle in normally menstruating women. (1997)

Plasma concentration of metallic ions levels during menstrual cycle of twenty normally menstruating women were observed in four phases i.e. menses, follicular, ovulatory and luteal. The concentration of magnesium, zinc, selenium and manganese was highest during menses and lowest at ovulatory phase. There was rise in ionic levels of magnesium and selenium, while fall in zinc and manganese during luteal phase. Findings demonstrate changes in metallic ions (Magnesium, zinc, selenium and manganese) level in relation to hormonal status during menstrual cycle in women.
Synthesis and characterization of novel red‐emitting alternating copolymers based on fluorene and diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives (2006)

Abstract Two novel alternating copolymers, poly{9,9‐dihexylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl‐ alt ‐2,5‐dioctyl‐3,6‐bis(4‐phenyl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c] pyrrole‐1,4‐dione} ( P1 ) and poly{9,9‐dihexylfluorene‐2,7‐diyl‐ alt ‐2,5‐dioctyl‐3,6‐bis(3‐phenyl)pyrrolo[3,4‐c] pyrrole‐1,4‐dione} ( P2 ), derived from 9,9‐dihexylfluorene and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP), have been successfully synthesized through palladium‐catalyzed Suzuki polycondensation in good yields. P1 and P2 possess moderate molecular weights and polydispersities, well‐defined structures, and excellent thermal properties with an onset decomposition temperature around 400 °C. Both P1 and P2 in thin films exhibit red photoluminescence from DPP species exclusively, with peaks at 609 and 616 nm, respectively. Cyclic voltammetry studies show that P1 and P2 have low‐lying lowest unoccupied molecular orbital energy levels at −3.65 eV and reversible reduction processes, so these polymers may constitute another kind of red‐emitting polymer with high electron affinity. Preliminary electroluminescent results of devices with an indium tin oxide/poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene)/polymer/Ba/Al configuration reveal that P1 may be a promising candidate for red emitters with a maximum brightness of 153 cd/m 2 and a maximum external quantum efficiency of 0.13%, whereas the performance of P2 is relatively poor. These differences might originate from different conjugation lengths in their main chain. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 44: 2395–2405, 2006
Evidence supporting a role for mitochondrial respiration in apoptosis induction by the synthetic retinoid CD437. (2001)

Retinoids have been shown to modulate cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. It is thought that these effects mediate the chemopreventive and therapeutic effects of retinoids. Recently, some synthetic retinoids, including 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene carboxylic acid (CD437), have been found to induce apoptosis even in tumor cell lines that are resistant to all-trans retinoic acid. The proapoptotic activity of CD437 has been attributed to mitochondrial dysfunction via the induction of mitochondrial permeability transition (P. Marchetti et al., Cancer Res. 59: 6257-6266, 1999). The mechanistic aspects pertaining to how CD437 promotes changes in mitochondrial function are unclear. This study investigated the role of mitochondrial respiration in CD437-induced apoptosis. Human cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma COLO 16 cells were chronically exposed to ethidium bromide to inhibit mitochondrial DNA synthesis and produce respiration-deficient clones. These clones were exposed to CD437 (<or=10 microM) for 48 h and exhibited a marked resistance to mitochondrial permeability transition and apoptosis illustrating that mitochondrial respiration was required for these effects.
Butt-coupled optoelectronic modules for high-speed optical interconnects (2006)

This paper presents the Butt-coupled silicon optoelectronic modules for high-speed optical interconnects. The optoelectronic (OE) modules is populated by flip-chip bonding either with VCSELs or detectors placed in direct contact with the waveguides without additional optical elements. The light is guided through the Si module by integrated waveguides based on holes etched through the silicon, which are then oxidized and filled with a polymer. This integrated OE module concept requires only one alignment step in the board and is compatible with a multi-layer waveguide approach. Data transmission of up to 5 Gbps has been demonstrated.
Cooperative Signaling between Slit2 and Ephrin-A1 Regulates a Balance between Angiogenesis and Angiostasis (2010)

Slit proteins induce cytoskeletal remodeling through interaction with roundabout (Robo) receptors, regulating migration of neurons and nonneuronal cells, including leukocytes, tumor cells, and endothelium. The role of Slit2 in vascular remodeling, however, remains controversial, with reports of both pro- and antiangiogenic activity. We report here that cooperation between Slit2 and ephrin-A1 regulates a balance between the pro- and antiangiogenic functions of Slit2. While Slit2 promotes angiogenesis in culture and in vivo as a single agent, Slit2 potently inhibits angiogenic remodeling in the presence of ephrin-A1. Slit2 stimulates angiogenesis through mTORC2-dependent activation of Akt and Rac GTPase, the activities of which are inhibited in the presence of ephrin-A1. Activated Rac or Akt partially rescues vascular assembly and motility in costimulated endothelium. Taken together, these data suggest that Slit2 differentially regulates angiogenesis in the context of ephrin-A1, providing a plausible mechanism for the pro- versus antiangiogenic functions of Slit2. Our results suggest that the complex roles of Slit-Robo signaling in angiogenesis involve context-dependent mechanisms.
Rostral Agranular Insular Cortex Lesion with Motor Cortex Stimulation Enhances Pain Modulation Effect on Neuropathic Pain Model (2016)

It is well known that the insular cortex is involved in the processing of painful input. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pain modulation role of the insular cortex during motor cortex stimulation (MCS). After inducing neuropathic pain (NP) rat models by the spared nerve injury method, we made a lesion on the rostral agranular insular cortex (RAIC) unilaterally and compared behaviorally determined pain threshold and latency in 2 groups: Group A (NP + MCS; <i>n</i> = 7) and Group B (NP + RAIC lesion + MCS; <i>n</i> = 7). Also, we simultaneously recorded neuronal activity (NP; <i>n</i> = 9) in the thalamus of the ventral posterolateral nucleus and RAIC to evaluate electrophysiological changes from MCS. The pain threshold and tolerance latency increased in Group A with "MCS on" and in Group B with or without "MCS on." Moreover, its increase in Group B with "MCS on" was more than that of Group B without MCS or of Group A, suggesting that MCS and RAIC lesioning are involved in pain modulation. Compared with the "MCS off" condition, the "MCS on" induced significant threshold changes in an electrophysiological study. Our data suggest that the RAIC has its own pain modulation effect, which is influenced by MCS.
New methods and reagents in organic synthesis. 14. A simple efficient preparation of methyl esters with trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSCHN2) and its application to gas chromatographic analysis of fatty acids. (1981)

Trimethylsilyldiazomethane (TMSCHN2), known as a stable and safe substitute for highly toxic and explosive diazomethane in the Arndt-Eistert synthesis and homologation of carbonyl compounds, has smoothly reacted with various carboxylic acids in methanolic benzene solution to give the corresponding methyl esters in excellent yields.
<title>High-sensitivity thermal lens absorption measurement using nearly collimated beams</title> (2001)

We report on a novel pump-probe thermal lens method with nearly collimated beams developed for the measurement of absorption coefficients of the order of 10<SUP>-9</SUP> cm<SUP>-1</SUP>. This method allows the us of samples of path- lengths 100 cm and larger.
Changes in recording tape magnetization produced by stress (1976)

When mechanical forces are applied to single domain particles that are used in magnetic recording tapes, the resultant stress anisotropy energy alters the magnetized state, producing reversible and irreversible changes. We use four different experimental techniques to measure these changes and analyze the results in terms of the values for the saturation magnetostriction constants (λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> ) and the applied stress (σ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> ). The reversible changes in magnetization (M <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> ) are roughly proportional to <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">\lambda_{s}\sigma_{x}</tex> ; the greatest irreversible or loss component occurs when the product of σ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</inf> and λ <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">s</inf> along the magnetizing axis ( <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</tex> ) is negative, increasing when major easy axes make large angles with <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</tex> .
Studies on the Catalytic Hydration of Cyano-Compounds to Amides (1979)

Department of Chemistry, Ranchi University, Ranchi-834 008. <em>Manuscript received 4 October 1978, revised 15 February </em><em>1979, accepted 22 February 1979</em> Studies on the Catalytic Hydration of Cyano-Compounds to Amides
A rapid method of preparing megabase plant DNA (1990)

Journal Article A rapid method of preparing megabase plant DNA Get access François Guidet, François Guidet Centre for Cereal Biotechnology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, The University of AdelaideGlen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Rogowsky, Peter Rogowsky Centre for Cereal Biotechnology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, The University of AdelaideGlen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Peter Langridge Peter Langridge Centre for Cereal Biotechnology, Waite Agricultural Research Institute, The University of AdelaideGlen Osmond, South Australia 5064, Australia Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Nucleic Acids Research, Volume 18, Issue 16, 25 August 1990, Page 4955, https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/18.16.4955 Published: 25 August 1990 Article history Accepted: 29 January 1990 Published: 25 August 1990
Synthesis of Substituted 3-Arylaminomethyl-7 -chloro-4-( 3H)-quinazolinones (1979)

Department of Chemistry, Lucknow University, Lucknow-226 907 <em>Manuscript received 15 September 1977, revised 10 July 1978, accepted 22 August 1978</em> Some substituted 3-arylaminomethyl 7-chloro-4-(3<em>H</em>)-quinazolinones have been synthesised under the conditions of the Mannich reaction.
Equation for Peak Capacity Estimation in Two-Dimensional Liquid Chromatography (2008)

Two-dimensional liquid chromatography (2DLC) is a very powerful way to greatly increase the resolving power and overall peak capacity of liquid chromatography. The traditional "product rule" for peak capacity usually overestimates the true resolving power due to neglect of the often quite severe under-sampling effect and thus provides poor guidance for optimizing the separation and biases comparisons to optimized one-dimensional gradient liquid chromatography. Here we derive a simple yet accurate equation for the effective two-dimensional peak capacity that incorporates a correction for under-sampling of the first dimension. The results show that not only is the speed of the second dimension separation important for reducing the overall analysis time, but it plays a vital role in determining the overall peak capacity when the first dimension is under-sampled. A surprising subsidiary finding is that for relatively short 2DLC separations (much less than a couple of hours), the first dimension peak capacity is far less important than is commonly believed and need not be highly optimized, for example, through use of long columns or very small particles.
Magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound mediated mild hyperthermia and drug delivery (2013)

Ablative hyperthermia (more than 55 °C) has been used as a stand-alone treatment for accessible solid tumors not amenable to surgery, whereas mild hyperthermia (40-45 °C) has been shown effective as an adjuvant for both radiotherapy and chemotherapy. An optimal mild hyperthermia treatment is noninvasive and spatially accurate, with precise and homogeneous heating limited to the target region. High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) can noninvasively heat solid tumors deep within the human body. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is ideal for HIFU treatment planning and monitoring in real time due to its superior soft-tissue contrast, high spatial imaging resolution, and the ability to measure temperature changes. The combination of MRI and HIFU therapy is known as magnetic resonance-guided high-intensity focused ultrasound (MR-HIFU). \n\nLow temperature-sensitive liposomes (LTSLs) release their drug cargo in response to heat (more than 40 °C) and may improve drug delivery to solid tumors when combined with mild hyperthermia. MR-HIFU provides a way to image and control content release from imageable low-temperature sensitive liposomes (iLTSLs). This ability may enable spatiotemporal control over drug delivery - a concept known as drug dose painting. \n\nThe objectives of this dissertation work were to develop and implement a clinically relevant volumetric mild hyperthermia heating algorithm, to implement and characterize different sonication approaches (multiple foci vs. single focus), and to evaluate the ability to monitor and control heating in real time using MR-HIFU. In addition, the ability of MR-HIFU to induce the release of a clinical-grade cancer drug encapsulated in LTSLs was investigated, and the potential of MR-HIFU mediated mild hyperthermia for clinical translation as an image-guided drug delivery method was explored. Finally, drug and contrast agent release of iLTSLs as well as the ability of MR-HIFU to induce and monitor the content release were examined, and a computational model that simulates MR-HIFU tissue heating and drug delivery was validated. \n\nThe combination of a multifoci sonication approach and the mild hyperthermia heating algorithm resulted in precise and homogeneous heating limited to the targeted region both in vitro and in vivo. Heating was more spatially confined compared to the use of single focus sonication method. The improvement in spatial control suggests that multifoci heating is a useful tool in MR-HIFU mediated mild hyperthermia applications for clinical oncology. Using the mild hyperthermia heating algorithm, LTSL + MR-HIFU resulted in signiﬁcantly higher tumor drug concentrations compared to free drug and LTSL alone. This technique has potential for clinical translation as an image-guided drug delivery method. MR-HIFU also enabled real-time monitoring and control of iLTSL content release. Finally, computational models may allow quantitative in silico comparison of different MR-HIFU heating algorithms as well as facilitate therapy planning for this drug delivery technique.
Serodiagnosis of toxoplasma infection using a purified parasite protein (P30). (1985)

The major surface protein (P30) of Toxoplasma gondii has been purified by immunoabsorption with anti-P30 monoclonal antibodies linked to a glutardialdehyde activated affinity absorbant. SDS-PAGE analysis of the eluted material followed by silver staining showed only a single band of 30,000 mol wt. Western blotting using antibodies from a rabbit immunized with purified P30 against the total Toxoplasma extract separated by SDS-PAGE again revealed an unique antigen of 30,000 daltons. The presence of repeated epitopes within P30 was confirmed by a two-site/one-antibody radiometric assay with the purified protein. Sandwich ELISA procedures with purified P30 clearly demonstrated that all 37 tested patients with acute toxoplasmosis presented significantly high levels of IgM anti-P30 antibodies. In addition, all 40 tested patients with chronic toxoplasma infection also showed high IgG anti-P30 antibody levels. These findings represent an essential step for the development of new reagents for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.
A simple cooperative extension to wireless relaying (2004)

In this paper, we propose and analyze a simple protocol that simultaneously exploits two potentials offered by wireless relay systems: diversity gains and pathloss savings. An intermediate decode-and-forward relay assists transmission from source to destination, and the destination combines the signals it receives from source and relay. The key feature of the proposed system is that the relay node decides independently whether or not to forward information to the destination, thereby minimizing the risk of error propagation while providing truly constructive diversity gains. In combination with pathloss savings, this leads to significant gains over both direct transmission and conventional relaying. The results are obtained from an analysis of the end-to-end bit error rate, which are confirmed by simulation.
Glycine‐rich RNA‐binding protein7 affects abiotic stress responses by regulating stomata opening and closing in<i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> (2008)

Despite the fact that glycine-rich RNA-binding proteins (GRPs) have been implicated in the responses of plants to environmental stresses, their physiological functions and mechanisms of action in stress responses remain largely unknown. Here, we assessed the functional roles of GRP7, one of the eight GRP family members in Arabidopsis thaliana, on seed germination, seedling growth, and stress tolerance under high salinity, drought, or cold stress conditions. The transgenic Arabidopsis plants overexpressing GRP7 under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter displayed retarded germination and poorer seedling growth compared with the wild-type plants and T-DNA insertional mutant lines under high salinity or dehydration stress conditions. By contrast, GRP7 overexpression conferred freezing tolerance in Arabidopsis plants. GRP7 is expressed abundantly in the guard cells, and has been shown to influence the opening and closing of the stomata, in accordance with the prevailing stress conditions. GRP7 is localized to both the nucleus and the cytoplasm, and is involved in the export of mRNAs from the nucleus to the cytoplasm under cold stress conditions. Collectively, these results provide compelling evidence that GRP7 affects the growth and stress tolerance of Arabidopsis plants under high salt and dehydration stress conditions, and also confers freezing tolerance, particularly via the regulation of stomatal opening and closing in the guard cells.
Appearance of new acetylcholine receptors on the baby chick biventer cervicis and denervated rat diaphragm muscles after blockade with α‐bungarotoxin (1977)

1. The recovery of contractile responses and appearance of new α‐bungarotoxin‐binding sites were studied in the baby chick biventer cervicis and the rat diaphragm muscles after saturating the existing acetylcholine (ACh) receptors (AChR) with α‐bungarotoxin in vitro . 2. Washout of α‐bungarotoxin restored gradually the response to exogenous ACh attaining about 30% recovery in 3 hr either in the chick muscle or in the denervated rat diaphragm. No recovery was obtained, however, for the response to nerve stimulation. 3. The recovery of ACh‐response was abolished by decreasing the bath temperature to 9° C during the washout of the toxin whereas the recovery was not reduced in the presence of cycloheximide. 4. The half‐life of [ 3 H]acetyl α‐bungarotoxin bound specifically on the existing AChRs, junctional and extrajunctional receptors combined, was 16 hr in the chick muscle. That on the extrajunctional AChR was estimated to be 8 hr. 5. New toxin‐binding sites were found to be incorporated on the membrane of extrajunctional site rapidly after treatment with α‐bungarotoxin in the chick and the denervated rat muscles along the muscle fibres but not in the innervated rat diaphragm. Treatment with (+)‐tubocurarine, ACh or decamethonium did not cause an appreciable increase of the toxin‐binding sites. 6. The appearance of new binding sites was progressive during 5 hr at a rate of 24 sites/μm 2 .hr in the chick muscle and 42 sites/μm 2 .hr in the rat diaphragm denervated for 7 days. The existing extrajunctional AChR were about 50/μm 2 and 192/μm 2 , respectively. 7. ACh effectively antagonized the binding of α‐bungarotoxin with the new sites whereas (+)‐tubocurarine was less effective than its effect on the existing AChR. 8. The new toxin‐binding sites appeared to have a reduced capacity to evoke ACh response. 9. The incorporation of new binding sites was reduced by lowering of the temperature, treatment with dinitrophenol, high K + , high Ca 2+ and by the stimulation of either nerve or muscle. Cycloheximide, ACh, decrease of [Na + ] o and increase of [Mg 2+ ] o were without effect. 10. It is suggested that binding of the extrajunctional AChRs with α‐bungarotoxin cause a change of membrane architecture and trigger the incorporation of cytoplasmic AChR‐precursor or hidden AChR into the membrane.
Variable zoom system with aberration correction capability (2012)

We describe experiments conducted with two deformable mirrors (DMs) at fixed locations in an optical microscope imaging system. In this configuration, the DM shapes are controlled to provide 2.5× zoom capability, to allow dynamic focus control and to compensate for aberrations of the fixed optical components. Zoom is achieved by simultaneously adjusting focal lengths of the two DMs, which are inserted between an infinity-corrected microscope objective and a tube lens. Image quality is measured using contrast modulation, and performance of the system is quantified, demonstrating an improved point spread function in the adaptively compensated system.