gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Treatments for delusional disorder (2015)

Despite international recognition of this disorder in psychiatric classification systems such as ICD-10 and DSM-5, there is a paucity of high quality randomised trials on delusional disorder. There is currently insufficient evidence to make evidence-based recommendations for treatments of any type for people with delusional disorder. The limited evidence that we found is not generalisable to the population of people with delusional disorder. Until further evidence is found, it seems reasonable to offer treatments which have efficacy in other psychotic disorders. Further research is needed in this area and could be enhanced in two ways: firstly, by conducting randomised trials specifically for people with delusional disorder and, secondly, by high quality reporting of results for people with delusional disorder who are often recruited into larger studies for people with a variety of psychoses.
Theory And Applications Of Delta-Sigma Analogue-To-Digital Converters Without Negative Feedback (2008)

Analog-to-digital converters play a crucial role in modern audio and communication design. Conventional Nyquist converters are suitable only for medium resolutions and require analog components that are precise and highly immune to noise and interference. In contrast, oversampling converters can achieve high resolutions (>20bits) and can be implemented using straightforward, high-tolerance analog components. In conventional oversampled modulators, negative feedback is applied in order to control the dynamic behavior of a system and to realize the attenuation of the quantization noise in the signal band due to noise shaping. However, feedback can also introduce undesirable effects such as limit cycles, jitter problems in continuous-time topologies, and infinite impulse responses. Additionally, it increases the system complexity due to extra circuit components such as nonlinear multi-bit digital-to-analog converters in the feedback path. Moreover, in certain applications such as wireless, biomedical sensory, or microphone implementations feedback cannot be applied. As a result, the main goal of this thesis is to develop sigma-delta data converters without feedback. Various new delta-sigma analog-to-digital converter topologies are explored their mathematical models are presented. Simulations are carried out to validate these models and to show performance results. Specifically, two topologies, a first-order and a second-order oscillator-based delta-sigma modulator without feedback are described in detail. They both can be implemented utilizing VCOs and standard digital gates, thus requiring only few components. As proof of concept, two digital microphones based on these delta-sigma converters without feedback were implemented and experimental results are given. These results show adequate performance and provide a new approach of measuring.
Modeling of induced strain actuation of shell structures (1995)

Based on the thin-shell Donnell theory, a model to represent the action of discrete induced strain actuator patches symmetrically bonded to the surface of a circular cylindrical shell has been developed. The model provides estimates of the bending curvatures due to the out-of-phase actuation and the in-plane strains due to the in-phase actuation of the bonded actuator patches. The magnitudes of the induced curvature and the in-plane strain are found to be identical to those of plates; however, due to the strain-displacement relations in cylindrical coordinates, the in-plane and out-of-plane displacements are coupled. Expressions for the equivalent forces and moments that represent the action of the actuator patches have been developed. Due to the curvature of the shell, the representation of the in-phase actuation with an equivalent in-plane line force applied along the edge of the actuator results in the application of erroneous rigid-body transverse forces. To avoid these rigid body forces, a method to represent the in-phase actuation with a system of self-equilibrating forces is proposed. The action of the actuator is then represented by an equivalent in-plane force and a transverse distributed pressure applied in the region of the actuator patch. Finite element verification of the proposed model is presented. The displacements due to the actual actuator actuation are compared with the proposed model, and very good agreement is found.
The<i>Arabidopsis</i>GTL1 Transcription Factor Regulates Water Use Efficiency and Drought Tolerance by Modulating Stomatal Density via Transrepression of<i>SDD1</i>    (2010)

A goal of modern agriculture is to improve plant drought tolerance and production per amount of water used, referred to as water use efficiency (WUE). Although stomatal density has been linked to WUE, the causal molecular mechanisms have yet to be determined. Arabidopsis thaliana GT-2 LIKE 1 (GTL1) loss-of-function mutations result in increased water deficit tolerance and higher integrated WUE by reducing daytime transpiration without a demonstrable reduction in biomass accumulation. gtl1 plants had higher instantaneous WUE that was attributable to ~25% lower transpiration and stomatal conductance but equivalent CO(2) assimilation. Lower transpiration was associated with higher STOMATAL DENSITY AND DISTRIBUTION1 (SDD1) expression and an ~25% reduction in abaxial stomatal density. GTL1 expression occurred in abaxial epidermal cells where the protein was localized to the nucleus, and its expression was downregulated by water stress. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis indicated that GTL1 interacts with a region of the SDD1 promoter that contains a GT3 box. An electrophoretic mobility shift assay was used to determine that the GT3 box is necessary for the interaction between GTL1 and the SDD1 promoter. These results establish that GTL1 negatively regulates WUE by modulating stomatal density via transrepression of SDD1.
Three Different Turkey Luteinizing Hormone Receptor (tLH-R) Isoforms II: Characterization of Differentially Regulated tLH-R Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Isoforms in the Ovary (2000)

We have recently characterized three different, alternatively spliced, partial turkey LH receptor (tLH-R) cDNA isoforms by the combination of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 5'- and 3'-rapid amplification of cDNA ends. The first cDNA (intact form: tLH-R(intact)) showed 98% and 72-75% similarity with chicken and mammalian LH receptor sequences, respectively. The other two cloned cDNA isoforms (insertion and truncated forms: tLH-R(insert) and tLH-R(trunc)) could encode truncated soluble protein isoforms that lack the transmembrane region. Northern blot analysis detected two transcripts of 3.0 kilobases (kb) (tLH-R(intact)) and 1.5 kb (tLH-R(trunc)) in the turkey ovary but could not discriminate a third alternatively spliced transcript (tLH-R(insert)) due to the small 86-base pair difference in the size range of approximately 3.0-kb mRNAs. But with the combination of RNase protection assay, RT-PCR, and Northern blot analysis, three different alternatively spliced tLH-R mRNA isoforms were quantified. Differential expression of the tLH-R mRNA isoforms was demonstrated in ovarian stromal tissue during various reproductive stages and in the theca and granulosa layer through follicular development. To gain a better understanding of the physiological significance of the three different tLH-R isoforms, total RNA from the theca layer through follicular development after prolactin (PRL) treatment was analyzed by RT-PCR. PRL treatment for 8-14 days significantly increased the steady-state levels of total tLH-R mRNAs, including tLH-R(insert) and tLH-R(trunc) mRNAs, compared to those in nontreated controls. In contrast, the steady-state levels of tLH-R(intact) mRNA during the same period was not significantly changed when compared to that in nontreated controls. The present study shows that tLH-R transcripts are alternatively spliced in a tissue-specific manner in the turkey and that the mechanism may, in part, be controlled hormonally.
Mechanisms of Suppression of Inducible Nitric-oxide Synthase (iNOS) Expression in Interferon (IFN)-γ-stimulated RAW 264.7 Cells by Dexamethasone (1997)

The murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 expresses inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) activity upon stimulation with interferon (IFN)-gamma and/or bacterial lipopolysaccharide. We have studied the mechanisms by which the synthetic glucocorticoid dexamethasone suppresses IFN-gamma-stimulated iNOS expression in RAW 264.7 cells. Treatment of cells with dexamethasone reduces the formation of nitrite, one of the stable end products of NO production measured in culture supernatants with an IC50 of 9 nM. The reduction of iNOS activity is caused by decreased iNOS protein levels as assessed by immunoblotting using a specific anti-iNOS antibody. Dexamethasone treatment also reduces the formation of iNOS mRNA steady state levels to about 50% in IFN-gamma-stimulated cells. This is due to decreased iNOS gene transcription and iNOS mRNA stability. More importantly, dexamethasone reduces the amount of iNOS protein by two additional mechanisms: reduction of the translation of iNOS mRNA and increased degradation of the iNOS protein. Using a specific protease inhibitor for the cysteine protease calpain I, N-acetyl-Leu-Leu-norleucinal (calpain inhibitor I), the enhanced proteolysis of the iNOS protein can efficiently be blocked, whereas other protease inhibitors such as tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone have no effect. Dexamethasone does not significantly alter calpain gene expression. Northern blot analyses reveal that calpain mRNA steady state levels are virtually not affected upon incubation of the cells with IFN-gamma and dexamethasone. Immunoprecipitation using a polyclonal anti-calpain antibody reveals that calpain protein levels are also not affected by the glucocorticoid. This is the first evidence that the iNOS protein is a molecular target for the cysteine protease calpain.
Incidence, Treatment Costs, and Complications of Lymphedema After Breast Cancer Among Women of Working Age: A 2-Year Follow-Up Study (2009)

Although the use of claims data may underestimate the true incidence of lymphedema, women with BCRL had a greater risk of infections and incurred higher medical costs. The substantial costs documented here suggest that further efforts should be made to elucidate reduction and prevention strategies for BCRL.
Conjugates of Modified Cryptophycins and RGD-Peptides Enter Target Cells by Endocytosis (2013)

Tumor targeting anticancer drug conjugates that contain a tumor recognition motif (homing device) are of high current relevance. Cryptophycins, naturally occurring cytotoxic cyclo-depsipeptides, have been modified by total synthesis to provide analogues suitable for conjugation to peptide-based homing devices. An array of functionalized β(2)-amino acids was synthesized and incorporated into cryptophycins. All analogues proved to be highly active in the cytotoxicity assay using the human cervix carcinoma cell line KB-3-1 and its multidrug-resistant subclone KB-V1. Conformational analysis of cryptophycin-52 and two synthetic analogues was performed by NMR and MD methods to obtain information on the influence of the unit C configuration on the overall conformation. An azide-functionalized cryptophycin was connected by CuAAC to an alkyne-containing fluorescently labeled cyclic RGD-peptide as the homing device for internalization studies. Confocal fluorescence microscopy proved integrin-mediated internalization by endocytosis and final lysosomal localization of the cryptophycin prodrug.
Action spectra for photogene expression in etiolated pea seedlings (1988)

Action spectra (responsivity spectra) for the transcript accumulation of four photogenes, rbc S, rbc L, Cab and psa B, had a major peak in the red region (660 nm). Violet (400 nm) and green (510 nm) light also induced these transcripts, but their effects differed with the gene. The effect of red light was reversed by later exposure to far‐red light, but the effects of violet and green light were not. Non‐reversible photoreactions in addition to the phytochrome‐mediated photoreversible reaction seemed to be involved in the expression of these photogenes.
Carbon Nanotube-Based Electrochemical Biosensing Platforms: Fundamentals,Applications, and Future Possibilities (2007)

Biosensors can be considered as a most plausible and exciting application area for nanobiotechnology. The recent bloom of nanofabrication technology and biofunctionalization methods of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has stimulated significant research interest to develop CNT-based biosensors for monitoring biorecognition events and biocatalytic processes. The unique properties of CNTs, rolled-up sheets of carbon atoms with a diameter less than 1 nm, offer excellent prospects for interfacing biological recognition events with electronic signal transduction. CNT-based biosensors could be developed to sense only a few or even a single molecule of a chemical or biological agent. Both hydrogen peroxide and NADH, two by-products of over 300 oxidoreductases, are efficiently oxidized by CNT-modified electrodes at significantly lower potentials with minimal surface fouling. This appealing feature enables the development of useful biosensors for diversified applications. Aligned CNT "forests" can act as molecular wires to allow efficient electron transfer between the detecting electrode and the redox centers of enzymes to fabricate reagentless biosensors. Electrochemical sensing for DNA can greatly benefit from the use of CNT based platforms since guanine, one of the four bases, can be detected with significantly enhanced sensitivity. CNTs fluoresce, or emit light after absorbing light, in the near infrared region and retain their ability to fluoresce over time. This feature will allow CNT-based sensors to transmit information from inside the body. The combination of micro/nanofabrication and chemical functionalization, particularly nanoelectrode assembly interfaced with biomolecules, is expected to pave the way to fabricate improved biosensors for proteins, chemicals, and pathogens. However, several technical challenges need to be overcome to tightly integrate CNT-based platforms with sampling, fluidic handling, separation, and other detection principles. The biosensing platform must function well in a real-world sample environment where selectivity, sensitivity, detection limits, and ruggedness are the four prerequisites. Carbon nanotube patents look more controversial in electronics but are less problematical in energy, health care, and cosmetics. The use of CNTs in biosensing looks very promising as reflected by some significant patents in this area and other research and development endeavors.
[Clinical analysis of uterine rupture during pregnancy]. (2013)

For second pregnancy of cesarean section, pregnancy should be terminated before 39 weeks if scar thickness of lower uterine segment is ≤ 3 mm. Late rupture is to be monitored closely for those with laparoscopic myoma removal within 1 year. Meanwhile, we should strengthen the management of migrant and unemployed women.
Interleukin-18 as a potential therapeutic target in chronic autoimmune/inflammatory conditions (2006)

Interleukin-18 (IL-18), a recently identified immunoregulatory and inflammatory cytokine, has attracted a profound interest as a potential therapeutic target in autoimmune/inflammatory disorders. In this review the authors focus on: IL-18 biology as an important link between innate and adaptive immunity; evidence of its pro-inflammatory role in several human autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disorders; and data indicating that IL-18 blockade in animal models results in prevention/amelioration of the disease process and preservation of the target tissue integrity and function. Finally, the authors analyse strategies presently under development to block IL-18 function and potential pitfalls resulting from IL-18 blockade that should be considered in ongoing/future clinical trials.
A fast beam hardening correction method incorporated in a filtered back-projection based MAP algorithm (2017)

The beam hardening effect can induce strong artifacts in CT images, which result in severely deteriorated image quality with incorrect intensities (CT numbers). This paper develops an effective and efficient beam hardening correction algorithm incorporated in a filtered back-projection based maximum a posteriori (BHC-FMAP). In the proposed algorithm, the beam hardening effect is modeled and incorporated into the forward-projection of the MAP to suppress beam hardening induced artifacts, and the image update process is performed by Feldkamp-Davis-Kress method based back-projection to speed up the convergence. The proposed BHC-FMAP approach does not require information about the beam spectrum or the material properties, or any additional segmentation operation. The proposed method was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using both phantom and animal projection data. The experimental results demonstrate that the BHC-FMAP method can efficiently provide a good correction of beam hardening induced artefacts.
Modulation with Cytokines of Radiation Injury: Suggested Mechanisms of Action (1997)

Ruth Neta, Modulation with Cytokines of Radiation Injury: Suggested Mechanisms of Action, Environmental Health Perspectives, Vol. 105, Supplement 6: Radiation and Human Health (Dec., 1997), pp. 1463-1465
Phototropic Dyes (1942)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text E. I. Stearns, "Phototropic Dyes," J. Opt. Soc. Am. 32, 282-284 (1942) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Subpicosecond base transit time observed in a hot-electron transistor (HET) (1985)

It has been found that the transverse magnetic field drastically reduces the current gain of an AlGaAs/GaAs hot-electron transistor (HET) at 4.2 K. The result can be understood in terms of the cyclotron motion of hot electrons within the base layer (1000 Å thick). Estimated subpicosecond base transit time confirms the quasiballistic transport of hot electrons across the base layer of the HET.
Zur Chemie des Ecdysons, III: Vergleichende spektrometrische Untersuchungen an α.β‐ungesättigten Steroidketonen (1965)

Abstract Die Verschiebung der C‐18‐ und C‐19‐Methylgruppensignale in Protonen‐resonanzspektren von Δ 9(11) ‐12‐Keton‐, Δ 7 ‐6‐Keton‐, Δ 4 ‐3‐Keton‐ und Δ 5(6) ‐7‐Keton‐Systemen in Steroiden wird untersucht und zur Bestimmung der Lage der ungesättigten Ketogruppen im Steroidhormon Ecdyson herangezogen. Im Ecdysonmolekül liegt danach kein Δ 9(11) ‐12‐Keton vor. Ergänzt werden die Befunde durch Charakteristika von IR‐ und UV‐Spektren der Modellsubstanzen. Die Synthese einiger Steroide mit den oben angegebenen Ketonsystemen wird beschrieben.
Elasticity of Crystalline β-Sheet Monolayers (2006)

Designed amphiphilic beta-sheet peptides with the sequence Pro-Glu-(Phe-Glu)(n)-Pro (n = 2-7) were previously shown by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction (GIXD), to form ordered two-dimensional (2-D) monolayer structures at interfaces induced by the proline residues at peptide termini. The GIXD diffraction pattern was modeled with two coexisting lattice arrangements, suggesting structural flexibility exhibited in the multiple ways by which beta-strands and their amino acid side chains pack into ordered 2-D structures. Here, we find by in-situ GIXD measurements that the ordered beta-sheet assemblies may undergo a quasi-reversible compression and expansion cycle at the air-water interface. The diffraction measurements indicate that on compression the repeat distance that corresponds to the long axes of the peptide strands may decrease by up to 37% in length. Upon expansion the compressed beta-sheet assemblies revert elastically to their original conformation. The interstrand repeat distance along the peptide hydrogen bonds apparently does not change along the film compression and expansion. Based on the GIXD data, at surface pressures higher than approximately 3 mN/m, beyond the peptide limiting area per molecule, the compressibility is 7.4 +/- 0.6 m/N. The out-of-plane Bragg rod diffraction patterns imply that in the compressed state the beta-strands buckle up in reaction to the increase in surface pressure. At low surface pressure, the 2-D compressibility of the crystalline beta-sheet was estimated at approximately 32 m/N attributed to interdomain rearrangements.
EVALUATION OF RUSTING CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTOR OILS (1961)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">This paper describes the development of low-cost laboratory engine rust tests for motor oils and their correlation with automotive engine rusting observed in the field. Two laboratory engine rust tests are described, a V-8 Engine Rust Test and the ER 4-99 Rust Test (run in the single cylinder CLR Oil Test Engine). The desirability of a time basis rather than a mileage basis for oil change intervals is shown. Included also are the results of a study of the effect of engine operating variables on rust formation. As a result of this study, some ideas are advanced concerning the mechanism of rusting in engines.</div>
Heterocyclic system. <b>XI</b>. Synthesis of 1<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>‐pyrazolo[4,3‐<i>b</i>]pyrrolizine and 2<i>H</i>,4<i>H</i>‐pyrazolo[4,3‐<i>b</i>]pyrrolizine derivatives (1990)

Abstract Cyclization of pyrrolidinocarboxamide derivatives of 1‐phenyl‐5‐(1 H ‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐1 H ‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acid and 2‐phenyl‐3‐(1 H ‐pyrrol‐1‐yl)‐1 H ‐pyrazole‐4‐carboxylic acid afforded imminium salts which were transformed into the corresponding ketones. Further reduction of the latter compounds furnished the title derivatives.
Prediction of ‘hot spots’ in SV40 enhancer and relation with experimental data (1987)

A theoretical method for prediction of the points in the sequence which are relevant for its biological function, the so-called 'hot spots', is presented. This method is based on significant correlation between the spectrum of numerical presentation of any genetic sequence and its biological function. One number corresponds to the particular nucleotide, thus forming a numerical sequence. The 'hot spot' prediction has been tested on the SV40 enhancer as a model system. The SV40 enhancer was chosen because of existing detailed data about activities of systematically obtained mutants. These results have been compared with results obtained theoretically.
Combining Ziegler‐Natta and mettalocene catalysis: New heterophasic propylene copolymers from the novel multicatalyst reactor granule technology (1997)

A new process that combines the excellent morphology control of Ti-based catalysts with the unique features of polyolefins from mettalocenes has been devised. First, propylene is polymerized with the Ti-based catalysts, having spherical form; then, activated mettalocene catalysts are introduced into the porous PP spheres, through an in situ impregnation and drying process, once the Ti has been deactivated. Then, the olefins polymerization, catalyzed by the mettalocene, is carried out in gas phase. This step, as well as the morphology of the as-polymerized polymer particles, has been investigated in detail. New heterophasic copolymers (PP/EPR) having free-flowing spherical form have been achieved, and the morphology of the copolymer spheres pointed out that the rubber is well dispersed inside the polymer granule. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 66: 1831–1837, 1997