gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ATLAS: A scalable and high-performance scheduling algorithm for multiple memory controllers (2010)

Modern chip multiprocessor (CMP) systems employ multiple memory controllers to control access to main memory. The scheduling algorithm employed by these memory controllers has a significant effect on system throughput, so choosing an efficient scheduling algorithm is important. The scheduling algorithm also needs to be scalable - as the number of cores increases, the number of memory controllers shared by the cores should also increase to provide sufficient bandwidth to feed the cores. Unfortunately, previous memory scheduling algorithms are inefficient with respect to system throughput and/or are designed for a single memory controller and do not scale well to multiple memory controllers, requiring significant finegrained coordination among controllers. This paper proposes ATLAS (Adaptive per-Thread Least-Attained-Service memory scheduling), a fundamentally new memory scheduling technique that improves system throughput without requiring significant coordination among memory controllers. The key idea is to periodically order threads based on the service they have attained from the memory controllers so far, and prioritize those threads that have attained the least service over others in each period. The idea of favoring threads with least-attained-service is borrowed from the queueing theory literature, where, in the context of a single-server queue it is known that least-attained-service optimally schedules jobs, assuming a Pareto (or any decreasing hazard rate) workload distribution. After verifying that our workloads have this characteristic, we show that our implementation of least-attained-service thread prioritization reduces the time the cores spend stalling and significantly improves system throughput. Furthermore, since the periods over which we accumulate the attained service are long, the controllers coordinate very infrequently to form the ordering of threads, thereby making ATLAS scalable to many controllers. We evaluate ATLAS on a wide variety of multiprogrammed SPEC 2006 workloads and systems with 4-32 cores and 1-16 memory controllers, and compare its performance to five previously proposed scheduling algorithms. Averaged over 32 workloads on a 24-core system with 4 controllers, ATLAS improves instruction throughput by 10.8%, and system throughput by 8.4%, compared to PAR-BS, the best previous CMP memory scheduling algorithm. ATLAS's performance benefit increases as the number of cores increases.
Comparison of MALDI-TOF MS, gene sequencing and the Vitek 2 for identification of seventy-three clinical isolates of enteropathogens. (2014)

This study demonstrates that MALDI-TOF MS is a powerful tool for fast, accurate and low-cost identiﬁcation of enteropathogens in the clinical microbiology laboratory.
MUC1 expression in primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer cells for in vitro treatment by 213Bi-C595 radioimmunoconjugate (2004)

Control of micrometastatic pancreatic cancer remains a major objective in pancreatic cancer treatment. The overexpression of MUC1 mucin plays an important role in cancer metastasis. The aim of this study was to detect the expression of MUC1 in human primary tumour tissues and three pancreatic cancer cell lines (CAPAN-1, CFPAC-1 and PANC-1), and target MUC1-positive cancer cells in vitro using (213)Bi-C595 alpha-immunoconjugate (AIC). The expression of MUC1 on pancreatic tumour tissues and cancer cell lines was performed by immunohistochemistry and further confirmed by confocal microscope and flow cytometry analysis on the cell surface. Cytotoxicity of (213)Bi-C595 was tested by MTS assay. Apoptosis was documented using TUNEL assay. Overexpression of MUC1 was found in approximately 90% of tested tumour samples and the three pancreatic cancer cell lines. (213)Bi-C595 is specifically cytotoxic to pancreatic cancer cells in a concentration-dependent fashion. These results suggest that overexpression of MUC1 in pancreatic cancer is a useful target, and that the novel (213)Bi-C595 AIC selectively targets pancreatic cancer cells in vitro. (213)Bi-C595 may be a useful agent for the treatment of micrometastases or minimal residual disease (MRD) in pancreatic cancer patients with overexpression of MUC1 antigen.
Graphene/Carbon-Coated Si Nanoparticle Hybrids as High-Performance Anode Materials for Li-Ion Batteries (2013)

Si is regarded as one of the most promising anode materials for next generation Li-ion batteries, but it usually exhibits poor cycling stability due to the low intrinsic electrical conductivity and huge volume change induced by the alloying reaction with Li. In this study, we present a double protection strategy by fabricating graphene/carbon-coated Si nanoparticle hybrids to improve the electrochemical performance of Si in Li storage. The Si nanoparticles are wrapped between the graphene and the amorphous carbon coating layers in the hybrids. The graphene and the amorphous carbon coating layers work together to effectively suppress the aggregation and destruction of Si nanoparticles, keeping the overall electrode highly conductive and active in Li storage. As a result, the produced graphene/carbon-coated Si nanoparticle hybrids exhibit outstanding reversible capacity for Li storage (902 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles at 300 mA g(-1)). This work suggests a strategy to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-ion batteries by using graphene as supporting sheets for loading of active materials and carbon as the covering layers.
Ultrafast Electron Relaxation Dynamics in Coupled Metal Nanoparticles in Aggregates (2005)

We report the effect of aggregation in gold nanoparticles on their ultrafast electron-phonon relaxation dynamics measured by femtosecond transient absorption pump-probe spectroscopy. UV-visible extinction and transient absorption of the solution-stable aggregates of gold nanoparticles show a broad absorption in the 550-700-nm region in addition to the isolated gold nanoparticle plasmon resonance. This broad red-shifted absorption can be attributed to contributions from gold nanoparticle aggregates with different sizes and/or different fractal structures. The electron-phonon relaxation, reflected as a fast decay component of the transient bleach, is found to depend on the probe wavelength, suggesting that each wavelength interrogates one particular subset of the aggregates. As the probe wavelength is changed from 520 to 635 nm across the broad aggregate absorption, the rate of electron-phonon relaxation increases. The observed trend in the hot electron lifetimes can be explained on the basis of an increased overlap of the electron oscillation frequency with the phonon spectrum and enhanced interfacial electron scattering, with increasing extent of aggregation. The experimental results strongly suggest the presence of intercolloid electronic coupling within the nanoparticle aggregates, besides the well-known dipolar plasmon coupling.
A Technical Approach to the Energy Blockchain in Microgrids (2018)

The present paper considers some technical issues related to the “energy blockchain” paradigm applied to microgrids. In particular, what appears from the study is that the superposition of energy transactions in a microgrid creates a variation of the power losses in all the branches of the microgrid. Traditional power losses allocation in distribution systems takes into account only generators while, in this paper, a real-time attribution of power losses to each transaction involving one generator and one load node is done by defining some suitable indices. Besides, the presence of P-V nodes increases the level of reactive flows and provides a more complex technical perspective. For this reason, reactive power generation for voltage support at P-V nodes poses a further problem of reactive power flow exchange, which is worth of investigation in future works in order to define a possible way of remuneration. The experimental section of the paper considers a medium voltage microgrid and two different operational scenarios.
Transition Metal Bisdithiolene Complexes Based on Extended Ligands with Fused Tetrathiafulvalene and Thiophene Moieties: New Single‐Component Molecular Metals (2007)

The gold and nickel bisdithiolene complexes based on new highly extended ligands incorporating fused tetrathiafulvalene and thiophene moieties (alpha-tdt=thiophenetetrathiafulvalenedithiolate and dtdt=dihydro- thiophenetetrathiafulvalenedithiolate), were prepared and characterised by using cyclic voltammetry, single crystal X-ray diffraction, EPR, magnetic susceptibility and electrical transport measurements. These complexes, initially obtained under anaerobic conditions as diamagnetic gold monoanic [nBu(4)N][Au(alpha-tdt)(2)] (4), [nBu(4)N][Au(dtdt)(2)] (3) and nickel dianionic species [(nBu(4)N)(2)][Ni(alpha-tdt)(2)] (8), [(nBu(4)N)(2)][Ni(dtdt)(2)] (7), can be easily oxidised to the stable neutral state just by air or iodine exposure. The monoanionic complexes crystallise in at least two polymorphs, all of which have good cation and anion segregation in alternated layers, the anion layers making a dense 2D network of short SS contacts. All of the neutral complexes, obtained as microcrystalline or quasi amorphous fine powder, present relatively large magnetic susceptibilities that correspond to effective magnetic moments in the range 1-3 mu(B) indicative of high spin states and very high electrical conductivity that in case of the Ni compound can reach sigma(RT) approximately 250 S cm(-1) with a clear metallic behaviour. These compounds are new examples of the still rare single-component molecular metals.
Recent developments in fiber optic magnetostrictive sensors (1991)

We review developments over the past five years in fiber optic magnetometry based on magnetostriction. Recent work has demonstrated detection of magnetic fields from dc to over 1 MHz with resolution of 10 pT P1Hz at 1 .0 Hz and 0.07 pTpIHz at35 kHz in laboratory devices. We present the basic device operating principles and discuss factors which limit the resolution of fiber optic interferometric magnetic sensors. Results are presented for a number of configurations including a ruggedized, compact, three-axis magnetometer for dc and low-frequency measurements, a single-axis gradiometer, a single-axis heterodyne configuration for narrowband detection of fields in the frequency range 0.01 Hz to 1 MHz, and a magnetostrictive oscillator which exhibits period doubling bifurcations and chaos.
Delving into the complexity of hereditary spastic paraplegias: how unexpected phenotypes and inheritance modes are revolutionizing their nosology (2015)

Hereditary spastic paraplegias (HSP) are rare neurodegenerative diseases sharing the degeneration of the corticospinal tracts as the main pathological characteristic. They are considered one of the most heterogeneous neurological disorders. All modes of inheritance have been described for the 84 different loci and 67 known causative genes implicated up to now. Recent advances in molecular genetics have revealed clinico-genetic heterogeneity of these disorders including their clinical and genetic overlap with other diseases of the nervous system. The systematic analysis of a large set of genes, including exome sequencing, is unmasking unusual phenotypes or inheritance modes associated with mutations in HSP genes and related genes involved in various neurological diseases. A new nosology may emerge after integration and understanding of these new data to replace the current classification. Collectively, functions of the known genes implicate the disturbance of intracellular membrane dynamics and trafficking as the consequence of alterations of cytoskeletal dynamics, lipid metabolism and organelle structures, which represent in fact a relatively small number of cellular processes that could help to find common curative approaches, which are still lacking.
S1 ribosomal protein and the interplay between translation and mRNA decay (2011)

S1 is an 'atypical' ribosomal protein weakly associated with the 30S subunit that has been implicated in translation, transcription and control of RNA stability. S1 is thought to participate in translation initiation complex formation by assisting 30S positioning in the translation initiation region, but little is known about its role in other RNA transactions. In this work, we have analysed in vivo the effects of different intracellular S1 concentrations, from depletion to overexpression, on translation, decay and intracellular distribution of leadered and leaderless messenger RNAs (mRNAs). We show that the cspE mRNA, like the rpsO transcript, may be cleaved by RNase E at multiple sites, whereas the leaderless cspE transcript may also be degraded via an alternative pathway by an unknown endonuclease. Upon S1 overexpression, RNase E-dependent decay of both cspE and rpsO mRNAs is suppressed and these transcripts are stabilized, whereas cleavage of leaderless cspE mRNA by the unidentified endonuclease is not affected. Overall, our data suggest that ribosome-unbound S1 may inhibit translation and that part of the Escherichia coli ribosomes may actually lack S1.
Highly Efficient Green and Blue‐Green Phosphorescent OLEDs Based on Iridium Complexes with the Tetraphenylimidodiphosphinate Ligand (2011)

Two novel bis-cyclometalated iridium complexes are successfully applied in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Because of their better carrier transport ability and shorter excited stated lifetimes, good electroluminescence performances of the complexes are observed. Detailed facts of importance to specialist readers are published as ”Supporting Information”. Such documents are peer-reviewed, but not copy-edited or typeset. They are made available as submitted by the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle and One-Carbon Metabolism Pathways Are Important in Edwardsiella ictaluri Virulence (2013)

Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen causing enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC). The disease causes considerable economic losses in the commercial catfish industry in the United States. Although antibiotics are used as feed additive, vaccination is a better alternative for prevention of the disease. Here we report the development and characterization of novel live attenuated E. ictaluri mutants. To accomplish this, several tricarboxylic acid cycle (sdhC, mdh, and frdA) and one-carbon metabolism genes (gcvP and glyA) were deleted in wild type E. ictaluri strain 93-146 by allelic exchange. Following bioluminescence tagging of the E. ictaluri ΔsdhC, Δmdh, ΔfrdA, ΔgcvP, and ΔglyA mutants, their dissemination, attenuation, and vaccine efficacy were determined in catfish fingerlings by in vivo imaging technology. Immunogenicity of each mutant was also determined in catfish fingerlings. Results indicated that all of the E. ictaluri mutants were attenuated significantly in catfish compared to the parent strain as evidenced by 2,265-fold average reduction in bioluminescence signal from all the mutants at 144 h post-infection. Catfish immunized with the E. ictaluri ΔsdhC, Δmdh, ΔfrdA, and ΔglyA mutants had 100% relative percent survival (RPS), while E. ictaluri ΔgcvP vaccinated catfish had 31.23% RPS after re-challenge with the wild type E. ictaluri.
Regional alterations in the endocannabinoid system in an animal model of depression: effects of concurrent antidepressant treatment (2008)

It has been suggested that disturbances in endocannabinoid signaling contribute to the development of depressive illness; however, at present there is insufficient evidence to allow for a full understanding of this role. To further this understanding, we performed an analysis of the endocannabinoid system in an animal model of depression. Male rats exposed to chronic, unpredictable stress (CUS) for 21 days exhibited a reduction in sexual motivation, consistent with the hypothesis that CUS in rats induces depression-like symptoms. We determined the effects of CUS, with or without concurrent treatment with the antidepressant imipramine (10 mg/kg), on CP55940 binding to the cannabinoid CB(1) receptor; whole tissue endocannabinoid content; and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) activity in the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, amygdala, midbrain and ventral striatum. Exposure to CUS resulted in a significant increase in CB(1) receptor binding site density in the prefrontal cortex and a decrease in CB(1) receptor binding site density in the hippocampus, hypothalamus and ventral striatum. Except in the hippocampus, these CUS-induced alterations in CB(1) receptor binding site density were attenuated by concurrent antidepressant treatment. CUS alone produced a significant reduction in N-arachidonylethanolamine (anandamide) content in every brain region examined, which was not reversed by antidepressant treatment. These data suggest that the endocannabinoid system in cortical and subcortical structures is differentially altered in an animal model of depression and that the effects of CUS on CB(1) receptor binding site density are attenuated by antidepressant treatment while those on endocannabinoid content are not.
Estimation of traffic congestion level via FN-DBSCAN algorithm by using GPS data (2012)

Determination of traffic congestion level is one of the fundamental problems in Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). In this paper, fuzzy based data mining technique, namely, Fuzzy Neighborhood Density-Based Spatial Clustering of Applications with Noise (FN-DBSCAN) was performed to cluster road segments with traffic congestion level. Data were collected from portable navigation device in probe car on selected roads in Izmir. Six clusters were obtained as a result of experimental study and these clusters were named traffic congestion levels. It is considered that this paper will provide a contribution to related work.
A challenge model for Shigella dysenteriae 1 in cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis). (2010)

Shigella dysenteriae type 1 can cause devastating pandemics with high case fatality rates; a vaccine for Shigella is unavailable currently. Because of the risks associated with performing challenge studies with wild-type S. dysenteriae 1 in human clinical trials to advance vaccine development, an improved nonhuman primate model is needed urgently. In the present study, cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) were challenged with various doses of S. dysenteriae 1 strain 1617 to establish a dose that would produce shigellosis. Further, different routes of delivery of S. dysenteriae 1 were compared to establish the most appropriate route for infection. Animals receiving 10(11) cfu S. dysenteriae 1 intragastrically consistently developed signs of shigellosis characterized by the onset of diarrhea and dysentery within 2 to 3 d. Administration of as many as 10(9) cfu S. dysenteriae 1 intraduodenally did not elicit signs characteristic of infection in macaques despite fecal shedding of bacteria for as long as 10 d. S. dysenteriae 1 administered intraduodenally at 10(9) cfu or intragastrically at 10(11) cfu elicited robust IgG and IgA antibody responses to LPS. We have developed a reliable challenge model of infection with wild-type S. dysenteriae 1 in cynomolgus macaques that reproducibly induces disease and elicits robust immune responses. We believe that this animal model may provide unique insights into the immunologic mechanisms of protection to S. dysenteriae 1 infection and in advancing development of a vaccine against shigellosis.
Enantioselective Synthesis and Antiproliferative Properties of an Ilmofosine Analog, 2‘-(Trimethylammonio)ethyl 3-(Hexadecyloxy)-2-(methoxymethyl)propyl Phosphate, on Epithelial Cancer Cell Growth (1997)

An asymmetric synthesis of the 1-alkyloxy analog of the thioether phosphocholine ilmofosine (BM 41.440, rac-1), 2'-(trimethylammonio)ethyl 3-(hexadecyloxy)-2-(methoxymethyl)propyl phosphate (2), is described. Stereoselectivity was obtained in an asymmetric hydroboration-oxidation sequence carried out on a 2,2-disubstituted 1-alkene, 3-(hexadecyloxy)-2-(methoxymethyl)-1-propene (9), which was prepared by starting with either ethyl acrylate or ethyl alpha-(hydroxymethyl)acrylate (3). (R)- and (S)-2 and rac-1 were highly effective in inhibiting the proliferation of the breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7 (IC50, 2 microM), moderately effective against A549 (non-small-cell lung adenocarcinoma) (IC50, 8-10 icroM), and less effective against A427 (large cell lung carcinoma) (IC50, approximately 20 microM). The in vitro cytotoxicity against the three epithelial cancer cell lines was independent of the configuration about C-2 of the glycerol backbone of 2 and was also not altered by substitution of oxygen for sulfur in the sn-1 ether linkage of ilmofosine.
The seven features for melanoma: a new dermoscopic algorithm for the diagnosis of malignant melanoma. (1999)

The clinical diagnosis of melanoma has a mean sensitivity of 67%, dermoscopy or dermatoscopy is a non invasive technique which improves this sensitivity. Our purpose was to create a simple dermoscopic method for the diagnosis of melanoma useful in daily office practice. For this reason a training set of 218 cutaneous pigmented lesions was used and scored for 16 dermoscopic features: for each feature sensitivity, specificity and statistical significance were evaluated. The results were used to create a simple dermoscopic diagnostic method of only seven dermoscopic features (7FFM). The method was used to evaluate a test set of 713 pigmented skin lesions consecutively observed. The diagnostic dermoscopic method developed gave a sensitivity of 94.6%, a specificity of 85.5% and an efficiency of 87.6%. Our method improves the sensitivity in the diagnosis of melanoma and can be used for the screening of pigmented skin lesions.
Impact of Thin WSIX Insertion in Tungsten Polymetal Gate on Gate Oxide Reliability and Gate Contact Resistance (2006)

By inserting thin WSi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">x</sub> layer in tungsten poly gate stack we can effectively relieve the mechanical stress of gate hard mask nitride film, which contributes to the better gate oxide reliability and stress-immunity of transistor. This insertion also could prevent the formation of Si-N dielectric layer atop poly-Si, which could lower the contact resistance between poly and tungsten effectively