gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Dispersion of Picosecond Pulses in Coplanar Transmission Lines (1986)

The dispersion of coplanar-type transmission lines has been extended to the terahertz regime to examine the distortion of picosecond electrical pulses. Dispersion of coplanar waveguides is compared to equivalent microstrip lines. Agreement with available experimental data is demonstrated for coplanar strips, An approximate dispersion formula for coplanar waveguides is also reported for CAD applications.
Effects of UVB radiation on cytokine generation, cell adhesion molecules, and cell activation markers in T‐lymphocytes and peripheral blood HPCs (2000)

These findings have shown that a "window" of low-dose UVB radiation (10 mJ/cm(2)) exists, at which BM- and peripheral blood-derived MNC proliferation is inactivated, while the HPCs are relatively spared. UVB light selectively affects T cells, while APCs are resistant to low doses of UVB. UVB radiation also alters the expression of some cell surface markers and cytokines that are important in T-cell activation pathways. Reduction of T-cell activation without cytocidal effect may allow UVB radiation to become an immunomodulating agent in BM or HPC transplantation.
Visualizing Pneumococcal Infections in the Lungs of Live Mice Using Bioluminescent <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> Transformed with a Novel Gram-Positive <i>lux</i> Transposon (2001)

Animal studies with Streptococcus pneumoniae have provided valuable models for drug development. In order to monitor long-term pneumococcal infections noninvasively in living mice, a novel gram-positive lux transposon cassette, Tn4001 luxABCDE Km(r), that allows random integration of lux genes onto the bacterial chromosome was constructed. The cassette was designed so that the luxABCDE and kanamycin resistance genes were linked to form a single promoterless operon. Bioluminescence and kanamycin resistance only occur in a bacterial cell if this operon has transposed downstream of a promoter on the bacterium's chromosome. S. pneumoniae D39 was transformed with plasmid pAUL-A Tn4001 luxABCDE Km(r), and a number of highly bioluminescent colonies were recovered. Genomic DNA from the brightest D39 strain was used to transform a number of clinical S. pneumoniae isolates, and several of these strains were tested in animal models, including a pneumococcal lung infection model. Strong bioluminescent signals were seen in the lungs of the animals containing these pneumococci, allowing the course and antibiotic treatment of the infections to be readily monitored in real time in the living animals. Recovery of the bacteria from the animals showed that the bioluminescent signal corresponded to the number of CFU and that the lux construct was highly stable even after several days in vivo. We believe that this lux transposon will greatly expand the ability to evaluate drug efficacy against gram-positive bacteria in living animals using bioluminescence.
Micro- and Mesoporous Carbon Based Electrode Materials for Electrical Double Layer Capacitors (2008)

Micro- and mesoporous carbons are attractive electrode materials with the unique porous structure, narrow pore size distribution and possibility to fine-tune the pore size for electrodes of electrical double layer capacitors (EDLC), commonly called supercapacitors. The excellent adsorptivity of carbide-derived carbon (CDC) has been demonstrated but these materials are quite expensive and the main aim of this work was to establish conditions for the preparation of nanoporous carbon electrodes, based on less expensive raw materials, synthesis and activation (i.e. with H2O vapor) methods.
Standardized Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Graft Generation and Transplantation (2009)

This is the first time a standardized, clinical grade protocol has been described for manufacturing limbal epithelial grafts with an efficient surgical technique that prevents postsurgical graft shrinkage and improves corneal integration. The quick, sutureless, and manipulation-free technique ensured transplantation of viable, proliferating limbal epithelial stem cells.
Prevalence of amblyopia among defaulters of preschool vision screening (2000)

The prevalence of amblyopia among screening defaulters is an important determinant of the efficacy of amblyopia detection by preschool vision screening. A retrospective cohort study was therefore performed to assess an orthoptist-based preschool vision screening programme. The preschool vision screening status of children in the cohort was determined by reviewing their Community Child Health records. The prevalence of amblyopia among screening defaulters was determined by reviewing each child's school entry vision test (performed at 5.5 years of age), with retesting if a Snellen line acuity of 6/6 in each eye had not been documented. For comparison, the prevalence of amblyopia among screening attenders was also determined. The preschool vision screening status was known for 86.0% (772/898) of the cohort. The attendance rate at preschool vision screening was 79.2%. The prevalence of amblyopia among screening defaulters was 1.3% (95% CI 0.2% to 4.5%). The prevalence of amblyopia among screening attenders was 2.5% (95% CI 1.4% to 4.1%). There was no significant difference in the prevalence of amblyopia between screening defaulters and screening attenders (P=0.53). The efficacy of amblyopia detection by preschool vision screening is therefore highly dependent on its attendance rate. Preschool vision screening programmes with a low attendance rate will fail to detect a significant proportion of children with amblyopia.
Thermal Analysis of Hypersonic Inlet Flow with Exergy-Based Design Methods (2002)

This paper presents results of work that has been done in developing use of the Second Law of Thermodynamics and methods such as exergy and thermoeconomics into a system-level analysis and design methodology. The application of these methods to the design of a complete flight vehicle is illustrated by considering an integrated airframe/propulsion system as a device to do work. This shows how system-level consideration of exergy applies to all vehicle systems in consistent terms. For the hypersonic inlet flow problem, it is shown that a thermal energy exchange with the inlet flow could be used to position the inlet shock in the optimum shock-on-lip position for off-nominal flight conditions. The thermal heat exchange analysis has been done for a full range of Mach numbers both higher and lower than nominal. It is shown that there is a potential benefit in terms of reduced exergy destroyed using thermal energy addition than by the shock at higher Mach numbers. The paper then discusses how a device to accomplish this result would have to be integrated into a complete vehicle design.
Symbol graph based discriminative training and rescoring for improved math symbol recognition (2008)

In the symbol recognition stage of online handwritten math expression recognition, the one-pass dynamic programming algorithm can produce high-quality symbol graphs in addition of the best recognized hypotheses [1]. In this paper, we exploit the rich hypotheses embedded in a symbol graph to discriminatively train the exponential weights of different model likelihoods and the insertion penalty. The training is investigated in two different criteria: Maximum Mutual Information (MMI) and Minimum Symbol Error (MSE). After discriminative training, trigram-based graph rescoring is performed in a post-processing stage. Experimental results finally show a 97% symbol accuracy on a test set of 2,574 written expressions with 43,300 symbols, a signi..cant improvement of symbol accuracy obtained.
Residential Broadband: An Insider's Guide to the Battle for the Last Mile (1998)

MOTIVATIONS FOR RESIDENTIAL BROADBAND. A Thirty-Year Synopsis. How Broad Must Broadband Be? NETWORKS. A Vocabulary of Networks. The Networking Protocol War. Is the Internet THE NETWORK? ACCESS NETWORKS. Today's Networks. The Endgame Network. Residential Broadband Networks. A Vocabulary of Modems. Telephone Lines and ADSL. CATV Lines and Cable Modems. MARKET FOR RESIDENTIAL BROADBAND. The Market Game's Afoot. Professional Applications. Entertainment Applications. Consumer Applications. Infrastructure and Market Timing. The Sum of It All. Sources and Bibliography. Index.
Area Effect of Electrical Breakdown in Compressed SF6 (1974)

This paper presents experimental results on the statistical properties of ac and dc breakdown field strength of compressed SF6. The experiment is performed on four gaps of different electrode area, ranging from 0.2 cm2 to 3000 cm2. Patterns of breakdown characteristics are classified into four categories depending on the type of distribution and the characteristics of conditioning effect. The criterion of the transition of these categories are discussed quantitatively.
Graphene-based composite materials beneficial to wound healing (2012)

We use electrospinning to prepare chitosan-PVA nanofibers containing graphene. The nanofibers can be directly used in wound healing: graphene, as an antibacterial material, can be beneficial for this. A possible antibacterial mechanism for graphene is presented.
Inflammatory Bowel Disease A Positive Response to Infliximab in Crohn Disease: Association with a Higher Systemic Inflammation Before Treatment But Not With -308 TNF Gene Polymorphism (2002)

AbstractBackground: Two-thirds to three-fourths of patients with either refractory luminal or fistulizing Crohn disease respond to infliximab treatment. The ability or inability to respond seems to persist over time. Biological characteristics and/or genetic background can influence the response to treatment. The aim was to assess the value of C-reactive protein and TNF- α serum levels before treatment as well as the TNF -308 gene polymorphism in the prediction of response to infliximab treatment in Crohn disease. Methods: Two-hundred-and-twenty-six Crohn disease patients treated in the setting of an expanded access programme to infliximab in Belgium were studied. There were 136 refractory luminal diseases and 90 refractory fistulizing diseases. Luminal diseases were treated with one single infusion; fistulizing diseases with three infusions at weeks 0, 2 and 6. A clinical response to treatment was defined as either a Crohn disease activity index <150 (complete) or a drop of 70 points (partial) at week 4, for luminal disease, and as either complete fistula healing (complete) or a decrease of at least 50% of the number of draining fistulas on two consecutive visits between weeks 0 and 18, for fistulizing disease. CRP and serum TNF- α levels were measured at week 0 before treatment and were compared between responders and non-responders. Patients were genotyped for the-308 TNF gene polymorphism, and allelic as well as genotype frequencies were compared between responders and non-responders. Results: There were 73.2% responders (46.4% complete and 26.8% partial) and 26.8% non-responders. Response rates were similar in luminal and fistulizing diseases. CRP level before treatment was significantly higher in responders than in non-responders (16.8 mg/l (5-160) versus 9.6 mg/l (5-143); P = 0.02). Furthermore, response rate was significantly higher in patients with elevated CRP (>5 mg/l) than in patients with a normal CRP value (<5 mg/l) before treatment (76% versus 46%; P = 0.004; OR: 0.26 (0.11-0.63)). Allelic and genotype frequencies for-308 TNF gene polymorphism were not significantly different between responders and non-responders - with the exception of a slightly higher TNF2 frequency in nonresponders in luminal disease (22.1% versus 11.6%; P = 0.04). However, this was not associated with a significant difference in genotype frequencies. Conclusion: A positive clinical response to infliximab was associated with a higher CRP level before treatment in our population of Crohn disease patients, but there was no relevant association with-308 TNF gene polymorphism. We therefore suggest that CRP level may help to identify better candidates for infliximab treatment.Crohn DiseaseGeneticsInfliximabTumour Necrosis Factor
On the Pacific (1963)

Beneath the green hill by Trinidad Head, Sleeping the frail token of all his age, The old fisherman of wooden ships and this whaling bay Breathes an aspen sleep by the wordy chant of the sea...
Single- and dual-energy CT with monochromatic synchrotron x-rays (1997)

We explored the potential for clinical research of computed tomography (CT) with monochromatic x-rays using the preclinical multiple energy computed tomography (MECT) system at the National Synchrotron Light Source. MECT has a fixed, horizontal fan beam with a subject apparatus rotating about a vertical axis; it will be used for imaging the human head and neck. Two -photodiode array detectors with different spatial resolutions were used. A 10.5 cm diameter acrylic phantom was imaged with MECT at 43 keV and with a conventional CT (CCT) at 80 kVp: spatial resolution line pairs (lp)/cm for both; slice height, 2.6 mm for MECT against 3.0 mm for CCT; surface dose, 3.1 cGy for MECT against 2.0 cGy for CCT. The resultant image noise was 1.5 HU for MECT against 3 HU for CCT. Computer simulations of the same images with more precisely matched spatial resolution, slice height and dose indicated an image - noise ratio of 1.4:1.0 for CCT against MECT. A 13.5 cm diameter acrylic phantom imaged with MECT at above the iodine K edge and with CCT showed, for a solution, an image contrast of 26 HU for MECT and 13 and 9 HU for the 80 and 100 kVp CCT, respectively. The corresponding numbers from computer simulation of the same images were 26, 12, and 9 HU, respectively. MECT's potential for use in clinical research is discussed.
-mu opiate receptor. Charged transmembrane domain amino acids are critical for agonist recognition and intrinsic activity. (1994)

The mu opiate receptor is a principal brain site for activities of morphine, other opiate drugs, and opioid peptides in modulating pain and altering mood. Recent cloning of cDNAs encoding rat and human mu receptors reveals charged amino acid residues within putative transmembrane domains (TMs) II, III, and VI, a substantial N-terminal extracellular domain, and a C-terminal intracellular domain. Deletion of 64 N-terminal amino acids produced little effect on receptor function (Wang, J.B., Imai, Y., Eppler, C.M., Gregor, P., Spivak, C.E., and Uhl, G.R. (1993) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90, 10230-10234). Further deletion of 33 C-terminal amino acids yielded a receptor at which morphine, but not the substituted enkephalin DAMGO ([D-Ala2,MePhe4,Glyol5]enkephalin), inhibited adenylate cyclase. Alanine substitution for each charged TM residue in the N-terminally deleted receptor reduced affinities for morphine, DAMGO, and the opiate antagonist naloxone. Replacement of TM II Asp114 with asparagine or glutamic acid increased mu receptor affinity for naloxone. TM II and TM III glutamic acid substitutions for Asp114 and Asp147 reduced agonist binding affinities but allowed full inhibition of adenylate cyclase at high agonist concentrations. TM VI histidine substitution with alanine yielded a receptor that produced almost twice the cyclase inhibition displayed by the wild type receptor in parallel transient expression assays. These findings underscore the importance of charged residues in TM II, III, and VI for different receptor functions and the modest involvement of extensive portions of N- and C-terminal receptor domains in these processes.
Subchannel interference cancellation for GERAN/VAMOS systems (2009)

This paper is to study the subchannel interference cancellation for GERAN/VAMOS systems. Joint channel estimation and mono interference cancellation (MIC) are used to mitigate the intra-cell interference especially when the two VAMOS subchannels use the different transmit power. Simulation results show that the proposed joint channel estimation and MIC algorithms can reduce the intra-cell interference and improve the voice traffic channel condition of VAMOS systems.
Transport of recombinant human CD4-immunoglobulin G across the human placenta: pharmacokinetics and safety in six mother-infant pairs in AIDS clinical trial group protocol 146 (1995)

Recombinant CD4-immunoglobulin G (rCD4-IgG) is a 98-kDa human immunoglobulin-like protein that is produced by fusing the gp120 binding domain of CD4 to the Fc portion of the human IgG1 heavy chain. This hybrid molecule was given to human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected pregnant women at the onset of labor by intravenous bolus at 1 mg/kg of body weight (group A; n = 3) and 1 week prior to and at the onset of labor by the same route and at the same dose (group B; n = 3). In addition to pharmacokinetic studies, safety in the mothers and infants was determined through routine chemistries, hematology, and urinalysis; immunologic and HIV infection statuses in the infants were assessed through lymphocyte cultures, p24 antigen level determination, culture of HIV from plasma, PCR, lymphocyte subset enumeration, quantitative immunoglobulin analysis, and lymphocyte proliferation. Thirty minutes after the rCD4-IgG injection, concentrations in maternal serum were 12 to 23 micrograms/ml. These concentrations declined slowly, with initial and terminal half-lives (mean +/- standard deviation) of 9.95 +/- 3.23 and 47.6 +/- 22.3 h, respectively. Infants were born 2.6 to 46.5 h after rCD4-IgG administration; concentrations of rCD4-IgG in cord blood ranged from 28 to 107 ng/ml. The half-life of rCD4-IgG in infants ranged from 5 to 29 h. These data demonstrate that the transfer of rCD4-IgG from the mother to the fetus is rapid and that newborns do not appear to have any difficulty eliminating rCD4-IgG. No safety concerns in mothers or infants were encountered. Although the study did not address the question of efficacy, none of the infants was HIV type 1 infected 36 months later. In summary, these findings document that bifunctional immune molecules can be transported across the placenta, and this general approach may be used in the future to block vertical transmission of HIV type 1.
Retrievable Gianturco-coil introducer. (1986)

A new delivery system for placement of Gianturco coils has been devised that permits retrieval of the coil if malposition occurs. The delivery system itself consists of a very fine coaxial cannula that will cut the monofilament once the coil is properly placed. It has been successfully used on three patients in whom a total of 48 coils were employed to occlude great vein of Galen aneurysms. The system is applicable for routine coil embolization but has particular application in treating high-flow vascular lesions (arteriovenous fistulas or malformations).
Moire Pattern Resulting from Superposition of Two Zone Plates (1969)

The moiré pattern resulting from superposition of two zone plates is analyzed in a general manner. Characteristics of the moiré pattern and hence its reconstructed ghost images are so tabulated that visualization is made easier. Experiments are performed to substantiate the theoretical predictions, and their results show perfect agreement.
Secure Mobility and the Autonomous Driver (2008)

Autonomous mobility systems developed for unmanned ground vehicles may have additional benefits by enhancing system performance and reducing demands on operators for manned ground vehicles. This effort examines the potential impact of introducing autonomous mobility to control manned vehicles while operators performed secure mobility. Eleven Soldiers participated in an experimental task requiring concurrent control of a manned and an unmanned Stryker performing a road march, scanning of the local environment for targets, and planning of a reconnaissance route for a third simulated asset. The control of the manned vehicle was varied between autonomous and manual control and several speed and accuracy variables were examined for each task. Subjective measures of operator workload, stress, and motion sickness were also examined. The results support the potential benefits of incorporating autonomous mobility into manned platforms. In speed-matched conditions, autonomous mobility was associated with decreased manned vehicle mission time, faster operator reaction times to targets, greater instances of multitasking while under motion, and lower subjective operator workload measures than with manual driving. In conclusion, autonomous mobility technologies have the potential to free up resources from the vehicle operator and allow for better operator performance on tasks other than vehicle control.
A concise and structured review of drug-induced toxic hepatic disease (2004)

1. Those parameters defining an adverse reaction to drugs in general and hepatic damage caused by the same in particular; 2. Those quantitative methods used for evaluating the problem of hepatic toxicity caused by drugs from society’s point of view; 3. Understanding the main characteristics of those mechanisms facilitating generating hepatic damage by drugs; and 4. Critically analysing those actions, which as doctors we must implement in handling a patient suffering from drug-induced hepatic toxicity.
Long-range fluorescence quenching of ethidium ion by cationic porphyrins in the presence of DNA (1991)

Binding of ethidium to DNA increases the fluorescence efficiency of the molecular ion by about 1 order of magnitude. Quenching of the fluorescence of such an ethidium.DNA complex by tetrakis(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine (H2T4), and its nickel(II) and zinc(II) derivatives (NiT4 and ZnT4), was investigated in the present study. Results of absorbance and fluorescence measurements obtained for these systems are consistent with a mechanism for quenching that does not involve appreciable displacement of ethidium from the nucleic acid. Sten-Volmer-type plots are nonlinear and can be fit satisfactorily by an equation of the form[GRAPHICS]in which [Q] is the concentration of the porphyrin quencher and sigma is the minimum number of base pairs between ethidium (E+) and the porphyrin required to permit the excited fluorophore to emit a photon. It can be concluded from these studies that, in the presence of DNA, porphyrins are capable of efficiently quenching the fluorescence of an excited ethidium ion at a distance of 25-30 angstrom.
Image Super-Resolution Framework with Multi-Channel Constraints (2007)

Super-resolution reconstruction (SR) has been widely used to produce a high resolution (HR) image from several low resolution (LR) ones. In current methods, a LR image is selected as benchmark and upsampled as the initial SR estimate. This SR estimate is then degraded and compared with the adjacent LR frames for correction. Considering LR images captured from the same HR image with different translation at different instants, SR outputs by different benchmark selection should be identical, so tighter constraints can be designed to limit SR indetermination and to produce better SR images. In this paper, we propose a novel SR framework and prove its efficiency statistically using the unbiased estimation. Experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithm outperforms some existing approaches in both subjective and objective terms.