gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Autophagy‐mediated chemosensitization by cysteamine in cancer cells (2010)

Cysteamine (CS) has many biomedical and clinical applications because of its excellent water solubility, low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. A previous study by Brawer et al. reported the occurrence of many Gomori inclusion bodies in CS-treated astrocytes, which would suggest the induction of autophagy. Here we provided a comprehensive line of evidence demonstrating that CS caused autophagosome accumulation in cancer cells. CS exerted a biphasic effect on the autophagy process, increasing the formation of autophagosomes in the early phase and blocking the autophagic degradation in a later phase. Furthermore, we showed that CS sensitized doxorubicin-elicited chemotherapeutic killing in HeLa, B16 melanoma and doxorubicin-resistant MCF-7 cells and also enhanced chemotherapeutic efficacy of doxorubicin in a mouse melanoma model. Finally, we demonstrated that the chemosensitizing effect of CS was at least partly dependent on its ability to modulate autophagy. Our results revealed a novel biological function for CS in enhancing the chemotherapeutic effect of doxorubicin through autophagy modulation and pointed to the potential use of CS in adjunct cancer chemotherapy.
Cartilage changes in rats induced by papain and the influence of treatment with N-acetylglucosamine. (1991)

Cartilage damage in the knee joints of rats was induced with a single intraarticular injection of 10 mg papain. Such damage was indicated by a decrease in the content of glycosaminoglycans and histologically detectable alterations in the surface of patellar cartilage. Daily treatment of the rats with N-acetylglucosamine by gavage led to an increase of the glycosaminoglycans of the cartilage and of incorporation of the radioactive precursor of glycosaminoglycan synthesis, 3H-glucosamine hydrochloride, in comparison to control animals treated with saline. The incidence of pathological alterations of the cartilage in histological samples was reduced.
An automated radiology reporting system that uses HyperCard. (1993)

SCRIBE is an automated radiology reporting system that uses the HyperCard environment on Macintosh computers. Radiologic findings and anatomic terms are presented in graphic form, and the appropriate terms are selected by using a trackball or touch-sensitive video screen. Additional lists of more specific terms and differential diagnoses can be requested by the user for abnormal findings. The system is suited to the reporting of plain films and is being used in the emergency room of a large academic radiology department. Advantages of the system include low cost, operational familiarity to Macintosh users, and elimination of transcription costs. Finished reports are immediately available in both printed and electronic forms.
August Strindberg e la tragedia classica (2014)

August Strindberg e la tragedia classica
Detection of LA and LAA Thrombus by CMR in Patients Referred for Pulmonary Vein Isolation (2016)

In patients referred for PVI, CMR could be a single complete diagnostic study for assessment of pulmonary venous anatomy as well as presence of LA/LAA thrombi, thus reducing the number of pre-operative tests before PVI. Long TI DE-CMR has the best diagnostic performance and should be used for the detection of LA/LAA thrombi.
Thickness and Deformation Characters of Seamed Tube Hydroforming with Twisted Axis (2016)

摘要：
Electrical noise in gold nanocluster sensors (2006)

Motivated by applications to chemiresistive vapor sensing, the electrical noise properties of large-area gold nanocluster films are investigated experimentally. Measurements show thermal noise to dominate at low voltages and high frequencies, with a 1∕f noise component becoming more important at a higher voltage and a lower frequency. The latter contribution obeys the Hooge formula in its frequency, voltage, and size dependences, and with a Hooge parameter whose relatively large size is attributed to constraints imposed by Coulomb blockade and disorder. Based on these results, a detection limit for nanocluster-based chemiresistors can be projected to approach one part per billion by volume.
The First Bioreversible Prodrug of Metformin with Improved Lipophilicity and Enhanced Intestinal Absorption (2009)

Metformin is a potent antidiabetic agent and currently used as a first-line treatment for patients with type 2 diabetes. Unfortunately, the moderate absorption and uncomfortable gastrointestinal adverse effects associated with metformin therapy impair its use. In this study, two novel prodrugs of a biguanidine functionality containing antidiabetic agent, metformin, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated in vitro and in vivo to accomplish improved lipophilicity and, consequently, enhanced oral absorption of this highly water-soluble drug. These results represent that the more lipophilic prodrug 2a biotransformed quantitatively to metformin mainly after absorption. The enhanced oral absorption consequently promoted the bioavailability of metformin from 43% to 65% in rats. Thus, this novel prodrug may offer a solution to reduce the required daily doses of metformin, which may decrease the uncomfortable adverse effects associated with metformin therapy.
“Click” Modification of Silica Surfaces and Glass Microfluidic Channels (2006)

This paper demonstrates a chemical surface modification method for covalent attachment of various polymers by using silane-based "click" chemistry on silica surfaces and within glass microchannels suitable for CE systems. Modified surfaces are characterized by contact angle measurements, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Fourier transform infrared-attenuated total reflection spectroscopy. Electroosmotic flow (EOF) measurements in modified and unmodified channels are provided. Spectroscopic and transport data show that various polymers can be covalently attached to glass surfaces with a measurable change in EOF.
Rapid Sintering of Stoichiometric Zinc‐Modified Lead Magnesium Niobate (1990)

A rapid thermal‐processing technique was used to densify zinc‐modified lead magnesium niobate (PMZN30) of the form Pb(Mg 0.7 Zn 0.3 ) 1/3 Nb 2/3 O 3 . This dielectric composition showed relaxor behavior with a maximum permittivity near room temperature. Rapid densification was observed at temperature. Rapid densification was observed at temperatures of 1100°C and above, whereas lower temperatures showed a significant reduction of densification and electrical properties. A sintering schedule of 4 min at 1100°C with no prevention of PbO volatilization resulted in densification on the order of 90% of theoretical density and a weak field dielectric constant in excess of 14 000. Perovskite grain size was consistently in the range of 1 μm or less. The formation of pyrochlore on sample surfaces showed a direct relation to time and temperature.
More Efficient Induction of HLA-A*0201-Restricted and Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA)–Specific CTL Response by Immunization with Exosomes Prepared from Heat-Stressed CEA-Positive Tumor Cells (2005)

Our results show that CEA+/HS-Exo has superior immunogenicity than CEA+/Exo in inducing CEA-specific CTL response and suggest that exosomes derived from heat-stressed tumor cells may be used as efficient vaccine for cancer immunotherapy.
Terahertz quantum cascade VECSEL (2016)

Vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VECSELs) have been successfully used in the visible and near-infrared to achieve high output power with excellent Gaussian beam quality. However, the concept of VECSEL has been impossible to implement for quantum-cascade (QC) lasers due to the "intersubband selection rule". We have recently demonstrated the first VECSEL in the terahertz range. The enabling component for the QC-VECSEL is an amplifying metasurface reflector composed of a sparse array of metallic sub-cavities, which allows the normally incident radiation to interact with the electrically pumped QC gain medium. In this work, we presented multiple design variations based on the first demonstrated THz QC-VECSEL, regarding the lasing frequencies, the output coupler and the intra-cavity aperture. Our work on THz QC-VECSEL initiates a new approach towards achieving scalable output power in combination with a diffraction-limited beam pattern for THz QC-lasers. The design variations presented in this work further demonstrate the practicality and potential of VECSEL approach to make ideal terahertz QC-laser sources.
Identification of a Major Heparin and Cell Binding Site in the LG4 Module of the Laminin α5 Chain (2000)

The G domain of the laminin alpha chains consists of five homologous G modules (LG1-5) and has been implicated in various biological functions. In this study, we identified an active site for cell and heparin binding within the laminin alpha5 G domain using recombinant proteins and synthetic peptides. Recombinant LG4, LG5, and LG4-5 modules were generated using a mammalian expression system. The LG4 and LG4-5 modules were highly active for cell binding, whereas the LG5 module alone showed only weak binding. Heparin inhibited cell binding to the LG4-5 module, whereas no inhibition was observed with EDTA or antibodies against the integrin beta(1) subunit. These results suggest that the LG4-5 module interacts with a cell surface receptor containing heparan sulfate but not with integrins. Solid-phase assays and surface plasmon resonance measurements demonstrated strong binding of the LG4 and LG4-5 modules to heparin with K(D) values in the nanomolar range, whereas a 16-fold lower value was determined for the LG5 module. Treatment with glycosidases demonstrated that N-linked carbohydrates on the LG5 module are complex-type oligosaccharides. The LG4-5 module, devoid of N-linked carbohydrates, exhibited similar binding kinetics toward heparin. Furthermore, cell binding was unaffected by removal of N-linked glycosylation. To localize active sites on the LG4 module, various synthetic peptides were used to compete with binding of the tandem module to heparin and cells. Peptide F4 (AGQWHRVSVRWG) inhibited binding, whereas a scrambled peptide of F4 failed to compete binding. Alanine replacements demonstrated that one arginine residue within F4 was important for cell and heparin binding. Our results suggest a critical role of the LG4 module for heparan sulfate-containing receptor binding within the laminin alpha5 chain.
Attenuation and dispersion for high-T/sub c/ superconducting microstrip lines (1990)

The attenuation and dispersion of microstrip lines of the high-T/sub c/ superconductor YBa/sub 2/Cu/sub 3/O/sub 7/ (YBCO) on yttria-stabilized zirconia substrates as a function of frequency and temperature are calculated. The effect on pulse propagation of superconducting and model dispersion in addition to the attenuation is demonstrated. At 60 K, microstrip lines of YBCO are significantly less attenuating at frequencies below 500 GHz than microstrip lines of copper at the same temperature. This advantage is particularly significant at the higher attenuations that result as the substrate thickness is made smaller for miniaturization or to improve the microstrip line bandwidth. The application of YBCO for microstrip lines appears to be most useful at frequencies above 100 GHz and dielectric thicknesses less than 100 mu m, where the attenuation of cooled copper is prohibitively large. Cooled to temperatures below 20 K, YBCO may make possible a new generation of extremely high bandwidth ( approximately 5 THz), small-feature-size ( approximately 5 mu m) circuits and devices.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Promise of Cell-Based Therapies for Diabetic Complications (2010)

The discovery of endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in human peripheral blood advanced the field of cell-based therapeutics for many pathological conditions. Despite the lack of agreement about the existence and characteristics of EPCs, autologous EPC populations represent a novel treatment option for complications requiring therapeutic revascularization and vascular repair. Patients with diabetic complications represent a population of patients that may benefit from cellular therapy yet their broadly dysfunctional cells may limit the feasibility of this approach. Diabetic EPCs have decreased migratory prowess and reduced proliferative capacity and an altered cytokine/growth factor secretory profile that can accelerate deleterious repair mechanisms rather than support proper vascular repair. Furthermore, the diabetic environment poses additional challenges for the autologous transplantation of cells. The present review is focused on correcting diabetic EPC dysfunction and the challenges involved in the application of cell-based therapies for treatment of diabetic vascular complications. In addition, ex vivo and in vivo functional manipulation(s) of EPCs to overcome these hurdles are discussed.
Automated conversion of engineering drawings to CAD form (1992)

The authors present a discussion of the different aspects and requirements of the CAD conversion problem and describe the general architecture and algorithms of one commercially available CAD conversion system, the GTX 5000. Scanning, vectorization, text recognition, symbol recognition, context processing, and cleanup editing subsystems of the GTX 5000 are described. Several possible alternative approaches and algorithms are also compared. EPRI (Electric Power Research Institute)-funded enhancements are discussed, including neural networks for character and symbol recognition, touching and broken character processing, and text/symbol associativity.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Liposomes from α,ω‐dipolar amphiphiles with a polymerizable diyne moiety in the hydrophobic chain (1982)

Abstract Symmetric polymerizable α,ω‐dipolar C 22 ‐diacetylenes were prepared by oxidative coupling of 10‐undecynoic acid and 10‐undecynol, respectively, by means of copper II salts in ethanolic solution. 10,12‐Docosadiyne‐1,22‐diphosphate ( 3 )—by reaction of 10,12‐docosadiyne‐1,22‐diol ( 2 ) with POCl 3 —was polymerized in aqueous solution using UV irradiation to form deep blue, thermochromic solutions. By consonication of 3 with cholesterol, monolayer vesicles were formed. This was proven by encapsulation of 6‐carboxyfluorescein. These monomeric vesicles were polymerized by UV light to yield stable, deep blue polymeric vesicle suspensions.
An adaptive speckle suppression filter for medical ultrasonic imaging (1995)

An adaptive smoothing technique for speckle suppression in medical B-scan ultrasonic imaging is presented. The technique is based on filtering with appropriately shaped and sized local kernels. For each image pixel, a filtering kernel, which fits to the local homogeneous region containing the processed pixel, is obtained through a local statistics based region growing technique. Performance of the proposed filter has been tested on the phantom and tissue images. The results show that the filter effectively reduces the speckle while preserving the resolvable details. The simulation results are presented in a comparative way with two existing speckle suppression methods. © 1995 IEEE
A doubly 2,6-pyridylene-bridged porphyrin–perylene–porphyrin triad (2012)

A doubly 2,6-pyridylene-bridged porphyrin-perylene-porphyrin triad was synthesized via Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction, which captures a tetrakis(3-pyridyl)porphyrin guest in a 2 : 1 manner to form a supramolecular complex that undergoes photo-induced electron transfer.
Enabling self-powered autonomous wireless sensors with new-generation I<sup>2</sup>C-RFID chips (2013)

A self-powered autonomous RFID device with sensing and computing capabilities is presented in this paper. Powered by an RF energy-harvesting circuit enhanced by a DC-DC voltage booster in silicon-on-insulator (SOI) technology, the device relies on a microcontroller and a new generation I <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> C-RFID chip to wirelessly deliver sensor data to standard RFID EPC Class-1 Generation-2 (Gen2) readers. When the RF power received from the interrogating reader is -14 dBm or higher, the device, fabricated on an FR4 substrate using low-cost discrete components, is able to produce 2.4-V DC voltage to power its circuitry. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the device to perform reliable sensor data transmissions up to 5 meters in fully-passive mode. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the longest read range ever reported for passive UHF RFID sensors compliant with the EPC Gen2 standard.
Biosynthesis of the Aspartate Family of Amino Acids (2014)

Diaminopimelate, lysine, methionine, and threonine derive most of their carbon atoms from L-aspartate, and these amino acids are therefore often referred to as the aspartate family. Their biosynthesis is effected by a complex pathway involving common intermediates from which multiple branches lead to the end products. The so-called aspartate pathway has several features that distinguish it from other pathways of amino acid biosynthesis and lend its study particular interest in the contexts of bacterial physiology and biochemical evolution. A number of different mechanisms for the control of the aspartate pathway that has evolved in the eubacteria and even within the genus Bacillus is discussed in this chapter. The primary focus of this chapter is on B. subtilis and closely related species. The aspartate pathway splits after the synthesis of aspartate semialdehyde, one branch leading to biosynthesis of diaminopimelate and lysine and the other leading to biosynthesis of threonine and methionine. The branch point enzyme homoserine dehydrogenase is the counterpart of dihydrodipicolinate synthase in controlling the utilization of aspartate semialdehyde for the biosynthesis of threonine and methionine by catalyzing the NADPH-dependent reduction of L-aspartate semialdehyde to L-homoserine. The major route for the biosynthesis of aspartate from glycolytic intermediates involves the carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate and subsequent transamination.
Bajo la sombra nuclear (2002)

Esta semana, las familias de los diplom?ticos y los turistas des aparecieron r?pidamente, y Uegaron manadas de periodistas de Europa y EE UU. Muchos de ellos se hospedan en el Hotel Imperial de Delhi. Muchos me llaman. <Por que est? aun aqui, me preguntan, por que no se ha ido de la ciudad? ,;No es una posibilidad real la guerra nuclear? Lo es, ,;pero donde voy a ir? Si me voy, y todo y todos, cada amigo, cada ?rbol, cada hogar, cada perro, ardilla y p?jaro que he conocido y amado son inci nerados, ,;c?mo voy a seguir viviendo? <A quien voy a amar, y quien me va a amar? ,;Que sociedad me va a acoger y me va a permitir ser lo revoltosa que soy, aqui, en mi pais? Hemos de cidido que nos quedamos todos. Nos hemos acurrucado todos juntos, comprendemos cuanto nos amamos mutuamente y pen samos que verg?enza serfa morir ahora. La vida es normal, solo porque lo macabro se ha vuelto normal. Mientras esperamos la lluvia, el fiitbol, justicia, en la television los viejos generales y los ambiciosos jovenes presentadores hablan de la capacidad de primer ataque y de segundo ataque, como si estuvieran discu tiendo un juego de mesa familiar. Mis amigos y yo discutimos ?Profecia? la pelicula sobre el bombardeo de Hiroshima y Nagasaki, los cad?veres obstruyendo el no, los supervivientes despojados de su piel y sus cabellos; recordamos especialmente al hombre que simplemente se fundi? sobre los escalones del edificio y nos imaginamos a nosotros mismos asi, como man chas en escalinatas. Mi marido est? escribiendo un libro sobre ?rboles. Tiene
Age, degraded viewing environments, and the speed of accommodation. (1986)

Subjects were 35 males in an accommodation experiment which utilized a subjective laser optometer. Seven different age groups, from average age 22-52, were measured on the time to change accommodation from a near to an infinity target. During the experiment, room illumination, time duration of reading at a near distance, and the distance of a near-reading task were varied. Results indicated that the time to accommodate from a near to infinity target varied as a function of age, room illumination, and the distance of the near-reading task. During ideal conditions, older subjects could accommodate nearly as quickly as the younger subjects; however, during degraded viewing conditions, the accommodation time for older subjects increased as much as tenfold. Time to accommodate to a distant target also increased solely as a function of time spent reading at a near distance, regardless of age. In accordance with previous reviews of aging and military pilots, it is suggested that the time to accommodate may be used as an objective measure of degraded vision as it relates to age.
A Robust, Detergent-Friendly Method for Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Integral Membrane Proteins (2000)

Recent breakthroughs in the high-resolution structural elucidation of ion channels and transporters are prompting a growing interest in methods for characterizing integral membrane proteins. These methods are proving extremely valuable in facilitating the production of X-ray diffraction-grade crystals. Here we present a robust and straightforward mass spectrometric procedure that utilizes matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization to analyze integral membrane proteins in the presence of detergents. The utility of this method is illustrated with examples of high-quality mass spectral data obtained from membrane proteins for which atomic resolution structural studies are ongoing.
Anionic lipid headgroups as a proton-conducting pathway along the surface of membranes: a hypothesis. (1983)

Evidence has been gathering from several laboratories that protons in proton-pumping membranes move along or within the bilayer rather than exchange with the bulk phase. These experiments are typically conducted on the natural membrane in vivo or in vitro or on fragments of natural membrane. Anionic lipids are present in all proton-pumping membranes. Model studies on the protonation state of the fatty acids of liposomes containing entrapped water show that the bilayers always contain mixtures of protonated and deprotonated carboxylates. Protonated fatty acids form stable acid-anion pairs with deprotonated fatty acids through unusually strong hydrogen bonds. Such acid-anion dimers have a single negative charge, which is shared by the four negative oxygens of both headgroups. The two pK values of the resulting dimer will be significantly different from the pK of the monomeric species, so that the dimer will be stable over a wide pH range. It is proposed that anionic lipid headgroups in biological membranes share protons as acid-anion dimers and that anionic lipids thus trap and conduct protons along the headgroup domain of bilayers that contain such anionic lipids. Protons pumped from the other side of the membrane may enter and move within the headgroup sheet because the protonation rate of negatively charged proton acceptors is 5 orders of magnitude faster than that of water. Protons trapped in the acidic headgroup sheet need not leave this region in order to be utilized by a responsive proton-translocating pore (a transport protein using the proton gradient). Experiments suggest the proton concentration in the headgroup domain may vary widely and the anionic lipid headgroup sheet may therefore function as a proton buffer. Due to the Gouy-Chapman-Stern layer at polyanionic surfaces, anionic lipids will also sequester protons from the bulk solution at low and moderate ionic strengths. At high ionic strength metal cations may replace protons sequestered near the headgroups, but these cations cannot substitute for protons in the "proton-conducting pathway," which is based on hydrogen bonding.