gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Generalizing vesselness with respect to dimensionality and shape (2007)

In this paper we present a generalization of Frangi’s vesselness measure for the enhacement of M-dimensional shapes in N-dimensional images, together with the implementation of the corresponding Insight Toolkit (ITK) filter . Inspired by the implementation of a multiscale vesselness measure recently presented on the Insight Journal , we also propose a unified framework for the evaluation of generic multiscale Hessian-based measures. The manuscript is accompanied by source code and examples.
Ribosomal biosynthesis of the cyclic peptide toxins of Amanita mushrooms (2010)

Some species of mushrooms in the genus Amanita are extremely poisonous and frequently fatal to mammals including humans and dogs. Their extreme toxicity is due to amatoxins such as alpha- and beta-amanitin. Amanita mushrooms also biosynthesize a chemically related group of toxins, the phallotoxins, such as phalloidin. The amatoxins and phallotoxins (collectively known as the Amanita toxins) are bicyclic octa- and heptapeptides, respectively. Both contain an unusual Trp-Cys crossbridge known as tryptathionine. We have shown that, in Amanita bisporigera, the amatoxins and phallotoxins are synthesized as proproteins on ribosomes and not by nonribosomal peptide synthetases. The proproteins are 34-35 amino acids in length and have no predicted signal peptides. The genes for alpha-amanitin (AMA1) and phallacidin (PHA1) are members of a large family of related genes, characterized by highly conserved amino acid sequences flanking a hypervariable "toxin" region. The toxin regions are flanked by invariant proline (Pro) residues. An enzyme that could cleave the proprotein of phalloidin was purified from the phalloidin-producing lawn mushroom Conocybe apala. The enzyme is a serine protease in the prolyl oligopeptidase (POP) subfamily. The same enzyme cuts at both Pro residues to release the linear hepta- or octapeptide.
Artificial chordae. (1995)

One hundred and eighty-seven patients had mitral valve repair and 28 mitral valve replacement using 5-0 expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (e-PTFE). A mean of 6.7 (range 2-24) artificial chordae were utilized in each patient, associated with an autologous pericardium reinforced suture annuloplasty in most cases. Six patients required mitral valve replacement during the same operation, and one after 48 hours for unsatisfactory operative result. There was one operative death due to respiratory insufficiency. NO early valve-related complications were reported. At a mean follow up of 35.6 months (range 1-99 months), two more patients died because of cardiomyopathy and multi-organ failure, respectively, while only one patient experienced a TIA, returning to sinus rhythm two months after operation. Three patients required reoperation for rupture of natural chordae, traditionally shortened at operation in one case; for technical error in tying the artificial chordae in the second, and for progression of the degenerative disease in the third. At reoperation the artificial chordae appeared partially covered by a fibrous sheath, without any sign of thrombosis or calcification. Transesophageal echocardiography revealed a satisfactory long term result in 97% of the cases, while four patients showed a recurrence of mild mitral regurgitation, probably due to the progression of rheumatic valve pathology. Ninety-five percent of the patients are in NYHA class I. This surgical technique appears to be reproducible and reliable, improving the results of mitral valve repair, increasing the number of valves repaired, and optimizing left ventricular function in the case of mitral valve replacement with unavoidable removal of the entire subvalvular apparatus.
PVT-aware leakage reduction for on-die caches with improved read stability (2005)

A run-time leakage reduction technique for SRAM caches considers architecture and behavior to achieve an optimal tradeoff between overhead energy and leakage savings. A 16kB SRAM shows a 94.2% cell leakage reduction with a 2% performance penalty. Fabricated in a 0.18 /spl mu/m 6M CMOS process, the 3.2mm/spl times/2.9mm die also shows 25% improvement in read stability.
Stereospecific alkylation of 3,5,5-trisubstituted-4-hydroxy-1-p-tosyl-2-pyrazolines by trimethylaluminum. An efficient synthesis of 3,3,5,5-tetrasubstituted-1-pyrazolin-4-ones (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific alkylation of 3,5,5-trisubstituted-4-hydroxy-1-p-tosyl-2-pyrazolines by trimethylaluminum. An efficient synthesis of 3,3,5,5-tetrasubstituted-1-pyrazolin-4-onesWilliam H. Pirkle and Dennis J. HooverCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1980, 45, 17, 3407–3413Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01305a007https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01305a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views343Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Elimination of malignant tumor cells from human bone marrow using monoclonal antibodies and immunomagnetic beads. (1993)

Conditions for depletion of malignant tumor cells from human bone marrow using monoclonal antibodies and immunomagnetic beads were studied. Human hepatoma HA22T/VGH cells labeled with the supravital DNA binding dye Hoechst 33342 were seeded into normal human bone marrow at a ratio of tumor cells to marrow cells of 1:9. The immunobeads used were M-450 magnetic microspheres coated with sheep anti-mouse immunoglobulin. The marrow-tumor cell mixtures were incubated with a panel of antihuman hepatoma cell monoclonal antibodies (9B2, E10A1, and C2E6) at 4 degrees C for 40 min, and then reacted with immunomagnetic beads for 60 min longer. After incubation, the bead-coated tumor cells were removed from the marrow with a magnetic particle concentrator. Tumor residual was measured in a limiting dilution test, and the recovery of marrow progenitor cells was assessed by CFU-GM assay. The efficiency of tumor depletion was closely related to the amount of monoclonal antibody bound to tumor cells and the immunobead/tumor cell ratio. Monoclonal antibodies used in combination were more effective than their individual use alone. Two cycles of purging with both monoclonal antibodies and immunomagnetic beads resulted in an apparent improvement in tumor depletion as compared with one cycle. Using a cocktail of three monoclonal antibodies and purging the marrow for two cycles, 4 to 5 logs of tumor cells could be removed with a sufficient recovery (70%) of CFU-GM. However, multiple purging treatments (> or = 3 cycles) would be apparently damaging to hematopoietic progenitor cells.
Slip Casting of Silicon Nitride and Mechanical Properties of Sintered Body (Part 3) (1993)

Slip casting of silicon nitride powder produced by imide decomposition (median particle size=0.55μm in diameter) was studied to fabricate Si3N4 engineering ceramic parts with a complicated shape. The zeta potential of α-Si3N4 showing the isoelectric point of pH=7.0 was +32mV at pH=2 and -47mV at pH=11. Preparation conditions of well-dispersed slurries were investigated for the mixed powders of 92wt% α-Si3N4, 4wt% α-Al2O3, and 4wt% Y2O3, using an organic polymer deflocculant (polyacrylic ammonium). High-density green bodies (density=1.76-1.82g/cm3) were prepared from the slurries containing solids of 67 to 70wt% by vacuum-filtration with a porous polymer resin mold. High-density Si3N4 ceramics were obtained by gas pressure sintering at 1775°C for 4h at about 0.9MPa of N2 pressure. The samples showed an average flexural strength of 814MPa and a Weibull modulus of 10.4 at room temperature.
Negative ion fragmentations of deprotonated peptides: backbone cleavages directed through both Asp and Glu (2001)

The collision-induced spectra of [M − H]− ions of a variety of natural and synthetic amphibian peptides containing Asp and/or Glu exhibit characteristic γ backbone cleavage ions that identify the positions of these residues in the peptide. A theoretical study suggests that the Glu cleavage involves an SNi reaction of the carboxylate anion from the Glu α side chain to form a deprotonated cyclic lactone. The presence of either Asp or Glu or other residues that effect pronounced side-chain cleavages (e.g. Ser or Thr) results in the normal α and β backbone cleavages being reduced in comparison to those cleavages which originate from side chains. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The LIMP-2/SCARB2 Binding Motif on Acid β-Glucosidase (2014)

The acid β-glucosidase (glucocerbrosidase (GCase)) binding sequence to LIMP-2 (lysosomal integral membrane protein 2), the receptor for intracellular GCase trafficking to the lysosome, has been identified. Heterologous expression of deletion constructs, the available GCase crystal structures, and binding and co-localization of identified peptides or mutant GCases were used to identify and characterize a highly conserved 11-amino acid sequence, DSPIIVDITKD, within human GCase. The binding to LIMP-2 is not dependent upon a single amino acid, but the interactions of GCase with LIMP-2 are heavily influenced by Asp(399) and the di-isoleucines, Ile(402) and Ile(403). A single alanine substitution at any of these decreases GCase binding to LIMP-2 and alters its pH-dependent binding as well as diminishing the trafficking of GCase to the lysosome and significantly increasing GCase secretion. Enterovirus 71 also binds to LIMP-2 (also known as SCARB2) on the external surface of the plasma membrane. However, the LIMP-2/SCARB2 binding sequences for enterovirus 71 and GCase are not similar, indicating that LIMP-2/SCARB2 may have multiple or overlapping binding sites with differing specificities. These findings have therapeutic implications for the production of GCase and the distribution of this enzyme that is delivered to various organs.
Mechanisms of the regulation of thioredoxin reductase activity in cancer cells by the chemopreventive agent selenium. (1997)

Selenium is an essential trace element, the deficiency of which is associated with an increased incidence of some human cancers. Dietary supplementation with selenium has been reported to produce a decrease in the incidence of some cancers in humans. Thioredoxin reductase (TR) is a newly discovered homodimeric selenocysteine (SeCys)-containing protein that catalyzes the NADPH-dependent reduction of the redox protein thioredoxin (Trx). Trx is overexpressed by a number of human tumors, and experimental studies have shown that Trx contributes to the growth and to the transformed phenotype of some human cancer cells. Thus, TR, by reducing Trx, could play a role in regulating the growth of normal and cancer cells. We have investigated mechanisms by which selenium, in the form of sodium selenite, added to serum-free growth medium regulates TR activity in cancer cell lines. Selenium caused a dose-dependent increase in cellular TR activity. The increase in TR activity produced by 1 microM Se compared to medium with no added selenium was: for MCF-7 breast cancer cells, 37-fold; for HT-29 colon cancer cells, 19-fold; and for A549 lung cancer cells, 8-fold. In contrast, Jurkat and HL-60 leukemia cells showed no increase in TR activity. The half-life of the time course of induction of TR in HT-29 cells after adding selenium was 10 h. The increase in TR activity was accompanied by an increase in TR protein levels up to 3-fold and an increase in the specific activity of the enzyme of 5-32-fold, depending on the cell line. Studies using 75Se showed that the amount of selenium incorporated into TR increased with increasing selenium concentration up to a ratio of 1 selenium per TR monomer. There was an increase in TR mRNA levels of 2-5-fold at 1 microM selenium and an increase in the stability of TR mRNA with a half-life for degradation of 21 h compared to 10 h in the absence of selenium. Trx mRNA and protein levels and Trx mRNA stability were not affected by selenium. The results of the study show that the increase in TR activity caused by selenium is specific and due to several effects, including an increase in the stability of TR mRNA leading to increased TR mRNA levels, an increase in TR protein, but predominantly to an increase in the specific activity of TR associated with increased incorporation of selenium into the enzyme.
The Toxic Effect of Certain Acids Upon Typhoid and Colon bacilli in Relation to the Degree of Their Dissociation (1906)

Journal Article The Toxic Effect of Certain Acids Upon Typhoid and Colon bacilli in Relation to the Degree of Their Dissociation Get access C.-E. A. Winslow, C.-E. A. Winslow Biological Laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar E. E. Lochridge E. E. Lochridge Biological Laboratories of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar The Journal of Infectious Diseases, Volume 3, Issue 4, 30 June 1906, Pages 547–571, https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/3.4.547 Published: 30 June 1906 Article history Received: 05 March 1906 Published: 30 June 1906
Preliminary Assessment of a10-Day Rapid Detoxification Programme Using High Dosage Buprenorphine (1998)

The original French therapeutic strategy for the treatment of opioid addiction was a rapid detoxification occasionally accompanied by treatment for withdrawal symptoms. In 1995, substitution therapy using opioids was introduced with the aim of maintenance, utilising methadone and the partial agonist buprenorphine, introduced in 1996. As well as being a maintenance agent, buprenorphine has been prescribed for rapid detoxification due to its reduced tendency to cause any withdrawal effects and its ability to block the effects of other opioids. This trial was initiated to measure the efficacy of buprenorphine in rapid detoxification and to assess whether additional medication would be required. Participants in this open study had requested rapid detoxification and were referred to the addiction clinic as inpatients. Patients were assessed by the clinician and during counselling sessions, and an initial dose was agreed upon. This dose was then gradually decreased over ten days in a flexible dosing schedule, with concurrent toxicological urinalysis to ensure no illicit drug use. During the trial, 25% of patients transferred to a maintenance programme and 58% remained in the study. The large transfer of patients to maintenance programmes may indicate that many people requesting rapid detoxification are actually asking for a more generalised form of assistance. No opioid-positive urines were noted after the fourth day in any patients, and the study indicates that buprenorphine should prove to be a useful detoxification agent, particularly in less hardened addicts. Step-down buprenorphine detoxification minimises withdrawal symptoms and, therefore, reduces the need for concurrent medication.
NMR logging and core analysis -- simplified (1995)

This paper reviews the use of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine various characteristics of oil and well stratigraphy and drill cores. NMR wireline logging tools, and benchtop spectrometer core and fluid analyzers can obtain information for formation evaluation decisions. All of this formation evaluation information cannot be obtained from NMR in every situation. Formation rock and fluid properties, and borehole environment affect accuracy and type of data that can be obtained. Information and performances is discussed on identifying: porosity, water saturation, permeability, fluid types, hydrocarbon types, oil saturation, and wettability information. The information is demonstrated in various graphs and a brief discussion of the types of logging tools are described.
High-yield, large-scale production of few-layer graphene flakes within seconds: using chlorosulfonic acid and H2O2 as exfoliating agents (2012)

The present communication reports on a rapid exfoliation method for high-yield production of few-layer graphene flakes on a large scale from graphite within seconds with the use of chlorosulfonic acid and H2O2 as exfoliating agents.
Supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 normalises skin expression of genes implicated in insulin signalling and improves adult acne (2016)

Systemic supplementation with probiotics is increasingly being explored as a potential treatment strategy for skin disorders. Because both the gut-skin axis and dysregulation of insulin signalling have been implicated in the pathogenesis of adult acne, we designed the current study to evaluate the effect of supplementation with the probiotic strain Lactobacillus rhamnosus SP1 (LSP1) on skin expression of genes involved in insulin signalling and acne improvement in adult subjects. A pilot, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study was conducted with 20 adult subjects (14 females and 6 males; mean age: 33.7±3.3 years) with acne. Over a 12-week period, the probiotic group (n=10) consumed a liquid supplement containing LSP1 at a dose of 3×109 cfu/day (75 mg/day), whereas the placebo group (n=10) received a liquid lacking probiotics. Paired skin biopsies - one obtained before treatment initiation and one obtained at the end of the 12-week treatment period - were analysed for insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and forkhead box protein O1 (FOXO1) gene expression. The clinical criterion for efficacy was the investigator's global improvement rating on a five-point scale. Compared with baseline, the probiotic group showed a 32% (P<0.001) reduction, as well as a 65% increase (P<0.001) in IGF1 and FOXO1 gene expression in the skin, respectively. No such differences were observed in the placebo group. Patients in the probiotic group had an adjusted odds ratio of 28.4 (95% confidence interval = 2.2-411.1, P<0.05) to be rated by physicians as improved/markedly improved (versus worsened or unchanged) compared with the placebo group. We conclude that supplementation with the probiotic strain LSP1 normalises skin expression of genes involved in insulin signalling and improves the appearance of adult acne.
Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy study of human brain after cardiac resuscitation. (1991)

We used 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to study the cerebral metabolic function of eight patients with severe postischemic anoxic encephalopathy secondary to cardiac arrest. Spectroscopy was performed at 18 +/- 13 and 64 +/- 20 hours after resuscitation. Glasgow Coma Scale scores at the time of initial and repeat spectroscopy were 3.6 +/- 1.2 and 3.5 +/- 1.2, respectively. In those patients whose spectra were of adequate quality to monitor pH, all demonstrated tissue alkalosis in at least one brain region. The mean brain pH at initial spectroscopy was 7.14 +/- 0.09 and was significantly alkalotic when compared with age- and sex-matched normal controls (pH = 6.98 +/- 0.04, p less than 0.0001). Five of the eight patients showed at least one region of persistent alkalosis at repeat spectroscopy, whereas one patient demonstrated severe acidosis with a pH of 6.42. Spectra demonstrated marked metabolic heterogeneity, ranging from normal in appearance to complete obliteration of all high-energy phosphates with only inorganic phosphate remaining.
CCL22 is involved in the recruitment of CD4<sup>+</sup>CD25<sup>high</sup> T cells into tuberculous pleural effusions (2010)

CCL22 appeared to be increased in TPE compared with bacterial pleural effusions or transudates. CCL22 may be responsible for the infiltration of CD4(+)CD25(high) T cells into the pleural space of patients with tuberculous pleurisy.
Novel Heterocycloaddition Reaction of Glycals (1998)

Diacyl thione species 1 has been generated and reacted in situ with both pyranoid and furanoid glycals to form novel [4 + 2] cycloadducts. Factors such as protecting groups and configuration of substituents in the glycals along with medium effects were varied to discover influences on face selectivity and reactivity. A qualitative correlation of reactivity with the HOMO−LUMO gap between the glycal (HOMO) and the heterodienic species (LUMO) is observed. In one example, the isolation of byproducts suggests that the cycloaddition may in fact be stepwise.
Polarization Hole Burning in Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifiers. (1993)

An important figure of merit for the performance of optically amplified transmission systems is the average noise figure of the Erbium-doped fiber amplifiers (EDFA’s). The average noise figure for a transmission system was recently shown to increase, rather than remain constant, as the total fiber span was increased to 3100 km and the number of EDFA’s was increased to 69. [1] This effect results in system impairment and was attributed to an active “polarization dependent loss” (PDL) mechanism which decreases the system gain for light polarized parallel to the signal while leaving light with orthogonal polarization unaffected.
Wall Effect in Falling Ball Method for Viscosity (1933)

The wall effect for balls falling in a vertical cylindrical tube in a viscous fluid has been studied and expressed as an empirical function of the ratio of radii of the ball and tube. This function agrees well with observations at least to a ratio of 0.83 as compared with 0.09, the limit of agreement of Ladenburg's formula. The wall effect is probably independent of the absolute radii of the ball and tube and only slightly dependent upon the absolute viscosity. The bottom effect is negligible. For liquids of high viscosity the revised formula is η=2gR2(ρ1−ρ2)(1−R/r)2.25/9u.
Extraordinary Sound Transmission through Density-Near-Zero Ultranarrow Channels (2013)

We introduce the acoustic equivalent of ``supercoupling'' by studying the anomalous sound transmission and uniform energy squeezing through ultranarrow acoustic channels filled with zero-density metamaterials. As a realistic example, we propose their realization by inserting transverse membranes with a subwavelength period along the channel, and we prove a novel form of acoustic tunneling based on impedance matching and infinite phase velocity at the zero-density operation. We envision applications in sensing, noise control, cloaking, and energy harvesting.
Self-aligned UMOSFET's with a specific on-resistance of 1 m&#937;.cm<sup>2</sup> (1987)

This paper describes an improved UMOSFET with an ultralow specific on-resistance. This device utilizes a self-aligned process that permits closely spaced vertical trench gates with a unit cell of 6 µm. This allows for a remarkable increase of channel density and, therefore, reduces the on-resistance per unit area significantly. Experimental devices have been fabricated, and a specific on-resistance of 1.0 mΩ . cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with a breakdown voltage of 30 V has been achieved. This specific on-resistance is the lowest value ever reported for FET's.
The Rastafari Movement In Kingston, Jamaica (1967)

(1967). The Rastafari Movement In Kingston, Jamaica. Caribbean Quarterly: Vol. 13, No. 3, pp. 3-29.