gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Regulation of endothelial heme oxygenase activity during hypoxia is dependent on chelatable iron (2000)

The regulation of heme oxygenase (HO) activity and its dependence on iron was studied in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) subjected to hypoxia-reoxygenation (H/R). HO activity was induced by hypoxia (10 h) and continued to increase during the reoxygenation phase. HO-1 protein levels were strongly induced by hypoxia from undetectable levels and remained elevated at least 8 h postreoxygenation. Addition of the Fe(3+) chelator desferrioxamine mesylate (DFO) or the Fe(2+) chelator o-phenanthroline during hypoxia alone or during the entire H/R period inhibited the induction of HO activity and HO-1 protein levels. However, DFO had no effect and o-phenanthroline had a partial inhibitory effect on HO activity and protein levels when added only during reoxygenation. Loading of BAEC with Fe(3+) enhanced the activation of the HO-1 gene by H/R, whereas loading with L-aminolevulinic acid, which stimulates heme synthesis, had little effect. These results suggest that chelatable iron participates in regulating HO expression during hypoxia.
GaAs/Al<sub>x</sub>Ga<sub>1-x</sub>As Multilayer Reflector for Surface Emitting Laser Diode (1983)

GaAs/Al x Ga 1- x As multilayer reflectors (MLRs) were fabricated for the cavity mirrors of a surface emitting laser diode by using MBE technique. Absolute reflectivity of the fabricated MLR with 20 repetition pairs of GaAs–Al 0.5 Ga 0.5 As reaches 0.94. This means 18 times lower cavity loss than GaAs-air interface when used as cavity mirrors. Good agreement of the reflectivity between theory and experiments is demonstrated.
Metasurface leaky-wave antennas: A comparison between slot and patch implementation (2014)

This paper is devoted to the analysis and design of a high-gain circularly polarized antenna with low profile for deep space communications in the X-band. In this context, the low-mass and high efficiency requirements can be addressed at the same time by properly designing a layer of patches (slots) printed (etched) on a grounded dielectric substrate. The interaction between this layer and the surface wave launched by a simple and compact feeder leads to leaky-wave radiation. The overall structure is very light and low profile; in particular, for the slot-based solution the dielectric slab is extremely thin (0.15 mm) and characterized by a low permittivity. The design procedure is summarized, and the patch and slot layouts are shown along with their respective directivity patterns.
Coupling starlight into single-mode fiber optics (1988)

We have calculated the efficiency with which starlight can be coupled into a single-mode fiber optic that is placed in the focal plane of a telescope. The calculations are performed for a wide range of seeing conditions, with and without rapid image stabilization, and for a wide range of wavelengths. The dependence of coupling efficiency on the f-ratio of the incident beam is explored. Also, we calculate the coupling efficiency as a function of displacement for a perfect Airy pattern. We have also used a computer program which simulates atmospheric wavefronts to determine the variance of instantaneous coupling efficiency as a function of seeing. In perfect conditions, the maximum efficiency at the LP11 mode cutoff is 78% due to the mismatch of the Airy pattern and the nearly Gaussian mode of the fiber. Maximum total coupled power is attained at d/r0 = 4 with rapid image stabilization.
Growth of multi-amine terminated poly(amidoamine) dendrimers on the surface of carbon nanotubes (2006)

An in situ repetitive divergent polymerization strategy was employed to grow multi-amine poly(amidoamine) dendritic macromolecules on the surfaces of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), affording novel three-dimensional (3D) molecular nanocomposites. The crude MWNTs were oxidized using H(2)SO(4)/HNO(3) = 3:1 (v/v) and then reacted with thionyl chloride, resulting in MWNTs functionalized with chlorocarbonyl groups (MWNT-COCl). MWNT-COCl, when reacted with an excess of ethylenediamine, produced amine-functionalized MWNT supported initiators (MWNT-NH(2)). Using the MWNT-NH(2) as the growth supporter and methylacrylate/ethylenediamine as building blocks, multi-amine dendritic poly(amidoamine) macromolecules were covalently grafted onto the sidewalls and ends of MWNTs via Michael addition reaction and amidation. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurements showed that the weight ratio of the as-grown dendritic polymers on the MWNT surfaces lay in the 10%-50% range. The products were also characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The results indicate that the dendrimers are grafted onto the surface of MWNTs. The as-prepared nanocomposites exhibit excellent dispersibility in water.
Malayalam speech sounds and their mapping to Unicode symbols: a case study (2003)

This paper deals with problems in the representation of phonetic symbols of Malayalam language on HTML pages. These symbols are not normally available on a computer keyboard. In many cases it used to be written by hand and only a few symbols were available in the insert mode in word processors, and often they were not compatible with HTML packages. This paper focuses on the phonemes and allophones of Malayalam and their transliteration and presentation on the Web. The outcome of the study is a table consisting of Malayalam phonetic symbols with their respective Unicode numbers and an explanation of utility. This study is helpful in the usage of Unicode for representing Indian language fonts at all levels such as in language teaching materials, creating Web documents in descriptive linguistics, and converting the printed documents to digital resources.
Reactivity and stability of Co‐Ni/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> oxygen carrier in multicycle CLC (2007)

Abstract This study deals with the development of a bimetallic Co‐Ni/Al 2 O 3 oxygen carrier suitable for a fluidized bed chemical‐looping combustion process. Temperature programmed characterization shows that the addition of Co enhances the reducibility of the oxygen carrier by influencing the metal‐support interactions helping the formation of reducible nickel species. Reactive characterization of the prepared oxygen carriers in a CREC fluidized riser simulator, using multiple reduction/oxidation cycles, demonstrates that the Co‐Ni/Al 2 O 3 particles display excellent reactivity and stability. The addition of Co in the bimetallic Co‐Ni/Al 2 O 3 influences the state of the surface minimizing the formation of nickel aluminate. The addition of Co also inhibits metal particle agglomeration by maintaining consistent metal dispersion during the cyclic oxidation/reduction processes. A solid‐state kinetics for both reduction and oxidation cycles is established using a clarified Avrami‐Erofeev model at nonisothermal conditions. This random nucleation model describes solid phase changes adequately. The activation energy for Co‐Ni/Al 2 O 3 reduction is found to be significantly lower than the activation energy for the unpromoted Ni/Al 2 O 3 sample, with this observation confirming the positive influence of adding Co on the Ni‐Al 2 O 3 oxygen carrier. © 2007 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2007
Combination of pembrolizumab and lenvatinib is a potential treatment option for heavily pretreated recurrent and metastatic head and neck cancer (2021)

Our study provided up-to-date evidence that pembrolizumab/lenvatinib combination therapy achieved objective responses in both heavily pretreated and anti-PD-1 refractory R/M HNSCC patients. This study supported the use of pembrolizumab/lenvatinib combination therapy in R/M HNSCC patients without standard of care.
Automatic detection of fade-in and fade-out in video sequences (2003)

A common video indexing technique is to segment video shots by identifying scene changes and then to extract features. This paper discusses a novel algorithm for detecting fade-in and fade-out using statistical features of both luminance and chrominance signals. The ratio between incremental change in the mean of the luminance signal to the chrominance (average sum of C/sub r/ and C/sub b/) is considered to identify fade-in and fade-out. Results show that the algorithm is capable of detecting all fade regions accurately even the video sequence contains other special effects.
Effect of Frequently Prescribed Cardiovascular Medications on Sexual Function: A Pilot Study (1993)

Hydrochlorothiazide may be associated with anorgasmia. More study is needed to determine if nifedipine and diltiazem improve erectile function. Furosemide, lisinopril, and verapamil likely have no effect on sexual function.
Effect of dietary seaweed extracts and fish oil supplementation in sows on performance, intestinal microflora, intestinal morphology, volatile fatty acid concentrations and immune status of weaned pigs (2010)

A 2 × 2 factorial experiment (ten sows per treatment) was conducted to investigate the effect of maternal dietary supplementation with a seaweed extract (SWE; 0 v. 10·0 g/d) and fish oil (FO; 0 v. 100 g/d) inclusion from day 109 of gestation until weaning (day 26) on pig performance post-weaning (PW) and intestinal morphology, selected microflora and immune status of pigs 9 d PW. The SWE contained laminarin (10 %), fucoidan (8 %) and ash (82 %) and the FO contained 40 % EPA and 25 % DHA. Pigs weaned from SWE-supplemented sows had higher daily gain ( P = 0·063) between days 0 and 21 PW and pigs weaned from FO-supplemented sows had higher daily gain ( P < 0·05) and gain to feed ratio ( P < 0·01) between days 7 and 14 PW. There was an interaction between maternal SWE and FO supplementation on caecal Escherichia coli numbers ( P < 0·05) and the villous height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum ( P < 0·01) and jejunum ( P < 0·05) in pigs 9 d PW. Pigs weaned from SWE-supplemented sows had lower caecal E . coli and a higher villous height to crypt depth ratio in the ileum and jejunum compared with non-SWE-supplemented sows ( P < 0·05). There was no effect of SWE on E . coli numbers and villous height to crypt depth ratio with FO inclusion. Maternal FO supplementation induced an increase in colonic mRNA abundance of IL-1α and IL-6 ( P < 0·05), while SWE supplementation induced an increase in ileal TNF-α ( P < 0·01) and colonic TFF3 mRNA expression ( P < 0·05). In conclusion, these results demonstrate that SWE and FO supplementation to the maternal diet influenced the gastrointestinal environment and performance of the weaned pig.
A Calixarene‐Based Metal–Organic Framework for Highly Selective NO<sub>2</sub> Detection (2018)

A calixarene-based metal-organic framework (Zr-cal, [Zr<sub>6</sub> O<sub>4</sub> (OH)<sub>4</sub> (FA)<sub>6</sub> ]<sub>2</sub> (cal)<sub>3</sub> ], FA=formate, cal=1,3-alt-25,26,27,28-tetrakis[(carboxy)methoxy]calixarene) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The three-dimensional framework is a 4,6-connected network of gar topology and exhibits two equal but nonintersecting three-dimensional pore systems. It has a specific BET surface area of 670 m<sup>2</sup> g<sup>-1</sup> , and the calixarene cavities are accessible through the pore systems. The exposed calixarenes can be used for the visual detection and encapsulation of NO<sub>2</sub> through the formation of deeply colored charge-transfer complexes inside the MOF. The highly selective complexation was analyzed by UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, and the stability of the material was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and <sup>1</sup> H NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the MOF was used as a sensor material in a home-made sensor cell and showed high sensitivity for NO<sub>2</sub> .
Chronic myelogenous leukemia shapes host immunity by selective deletion of high-avidity leukemia-specific T cells (2003)

We have shown that cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for PR1, an HLA-A2-restricted nonopeptide derived from proteinase 3, kill leukemia cells and may contribute to the elimination of chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) after treatment with IFN or allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Some patients with persistent disease also have circulating PR1-specific T cells, however, suggesting the likelihood of immune tolerance. Here we show that both high- and low-avidity PR1-specific T cells from the peripheral blood of healthy donors can be identified and selectively expanded in vitro. Although high-avidity PR1-specific T cells killed CML more effectively than low-avidity T cells, only high-avidity T cells underwent apoptosis when stimulated with high PR1 peptide concentration or when exposed to leukemia that overexpressed proteinase 3. No high-avidity PR1-specific T cells could be identified or expanded from newly diagnosed leukemia patients, whereas low-avidity T cells were readily expanded. Circulating high-avidity PR1-specific T cells were identified in IFN-sensitive patients in cytogenetic remission, however. These results provide evidence that CML shapes the host immune response and that leukemia outgrowth may result in part from leukemia-induced selective deletion of high-avidity PR1-specific T cells.
Microbial synthesis of a novel terpolyester P( <scp>LA</scp> ‐ <i>co</i> ‐3 <scp>HB</scp> ‐ <i>co</i> ‐3 <scp>HP</scp> ) from low‐cost substrates (2016)

Polylactide (PLA) is a bio-based plastic commonly synthesized by chemical catalytic reaction using lactic acid (LA) as a substrate. Here, novel LA-containing terpolyesters, namely, P[LA-co-3-hydroxybutyrate (3HB)-co-3-hydroxypropionate (3HP)], short as PLBP, were successfully synthesized for the first time by a recombinant Escherichia coli harbouring polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase from Pseudomonas stutzeri (PhaC1<sub>Ps</sub> ) with 4-point mutations at E130D, S325T, S477G and Q481K, and 3-hydroxypropionyl-CoA (3HP-CoA) synthesis pathway from glycerol, 3-hydroxybutyryl-CoA (3HB-CoA) as well as lactyl-CoA (LA-CoA) pathways from glucose. Combining these pathways with the PHA synthase mutant phaC1<sub>Ps</sub> (E130D S325T S477G Q481K), the random terpolyester P(LA-co-3HB-co-3HP), or PLBP, was structurally confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance to consist of 2 mol% LA, 90 mol% 3HB, and 8 mol% 3HP respectively. Remarkably, the PLBP terpolyester was produced from low-cost sustainable glycerol and glucose. Monomer ratios of PLBP could be regulated by ratios of glycerol to glucose. Other terpolyester thermal and mechanical properties can be manipulated by adjusting the monomer ratios. More PLBP applications are to be expected.
A Bayesian Network Approach to Traffic Flow Forecasting (2006)

A new approach based on Bayesian networks for traffic flow forecasting is proposed. In this paper, traffic flows among adjacent road links in a transportation network are modeled as a Bayesian network. The joint probability distribution between the cause nodes (data utilized for forecasting) and the effect node (data to be forecasted) in a constructed Bayesian network is described as a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) whose parameters are estimated via the competitive expectation maximization (CEM) algorithm. Finally, traffic flow forecasting is performed under the criterion of minimum mean square error (mmse). The approach departs from many existing traffic flow forecasting models in that it explicitly includes information from adjacent road links to analyze the trends of the current link statistically. Furthermore, it also encompasses the issue of traffic flow forecasting when incomplete data exist. Comprehensive experiments on urban vehicular traffic flow data of Beijing and comparisons with several other methods show that the Bayesian network is a very promising and effective approach for traffic flow modeling and forecasting, both for complete data and incomplete data.
Delphi survey research and older people. (2005)

Delphi survey or Delphi technique has been described as an effective way of gathering information on a subject where there is currently scant evidence available. It provides an opportunity for participants to offer an expert opinion on the subject in question and helps to clarify what individuals consider to be most important about the topic under consideration. In this article the practical steps needed to construct a Delphi survey are reviewed in the context of the special circumstances associated with older adult participants.
Reddish Organic Light Electroluminescent Device with DPP Emitting Layer (1999)

The red light emission from organic molecules is much less common than that of the other two basic colours. At the present moment, most red light emitting organic molecules are rare earth complexes, which are known to have stability problem. In the present work, a non-metal complex based organic material, [2-(p-dimethyl-aminophenyl)ethenyl]-phenyl-methylene-propanedinitrile (DPP), with a narrow reddish orange emission was synthesized and used to fabricate a electroluminescence device. The device has a configuration of glass/indium tin oxide/N,N′-bis-(1-naphthyl)-N,N′-diphenyl-1,1′-biphenyl-4-4′-diamine)/DPP/tris(8-hydroxyquinoline)/ Mg : Ag. A maximum luminous density of 146 cd/m2 was observed at 13.5 V.
Integrating causal reasoning at different levels of abstraction (1988)

In this paper we describe a problem-solving system which uses a multi-level causal model of its domain. The system functions in the role of a pilot's assistant in the domain of commercial air transport emergencies. The model represents causal relationships among the aircraft subsystems, the effectors (engines, control surfaces), the forces that act on an aircraft in flight (thrust, lift), and the aircraft's flight profile (speed, altitude, etc.). The causal relationships are represented at three levels of abstraction: Boolean, qualitative, and quantitative, and reasoning about causes and effects can take place at each of these levels. Since processing at each level has different characteristics with respect to speed, the type of data required, and the specificity of the results, the problem-solving system can adapt to a wide variety of situations. The system is currently being implemented in the KEE™ development environment on a Symbolics Lisp machine.
Bright focused ion beam sources based on laser-cooled atoms (2016)

Nanoscale focused ion beams (FIBs) represent one of the most useful tools in nanotechnology, enabling nanofabrication via milling and gas-assisted deposition, microscopy and microanalysis, and selective, spatially resolved doping of materials. Recently, a new type of FIB source has emerged, which uses ionization of laser cooled neutral atoms to produce the ion beam. The extremely cold temperatures attainable with laser cooling (in the range of 100 μK or below) result in a beam of ions with a very small transverse velocity distribution. This corresponds to a source with extremely high brightness that rivals or may even exceed the brightness of the industry standard Ga<sup>+</sup> liquid metal ion source. In this review we discuss the context of ion beam technology in which these new ion sources can play a role, their principles of operation, and some examples of recent demonstrations. The field is relatively new, so only a few applications have been demonstrated, most notably low energy ion microscopy with Li ions. Nevertheless, a number of promising new approaches have been proposed and/or demonstrated, suggesting that a rapid evolution of this type of source is likely in the near future.
Degenerate four-wave mixing in room-temperature GaAs/GaAlAs multiple quantum well structures (1983)

We report the first observation of forward degenerate four-wave mixing (DFWM) in room-temperature GaAs/GaAlAs multiple quantum well structures near the exciton resonances. In a sample 1.26 μm thick with sixty-five 96-Å GaAs quantum wells we observe ∼10−4 diffraction efficiency with ∼30 W/cm2 average intensity from a mode-locked laser. We measure nonlinear absorption and DFWM spectra, and also a change in refractive index, per carrier pair/cm3, of neh∼2×10−19 cm3 just below the heavy hole exciton peak. With 20-ns carrier lifetime this corresponds to an effective nonlinear coefficient for cw beams of ‖n2‖≂2×10−4 cm2/W. This is appreciably larger than previous estimates and encouraging for room-temperature all-optical devices.
Latent keyphrase generation by combining contextually similar primitive words (2014)

As the number of document resources is continuously increasing, automatically extracting keyphrases from a document becomes one of the main issues in recent days. However, most previous work overlook keyphrases which is nonexistent in the document. Although latent keyphrases do not appear in the document, it can be important because it represents the meaningful concepts or keypoints of the document. We have discovered that the portion of latent keyphrases is more than one fourth of the entire keyphrases. Latent keyphrases also take an important role as much as existential keyphrases in documents. In this paper, we propose an approach to find latent keyphrases of a document in a given document set. The main idea of this approach is to generate keyphrase by choosing primitive words and combining them considering their context in documents. Experiment result shows that latent keyphrase can be extracted by our approach.
Tobacco Smoke Carcinogens and Lung Cancer (1999)

The complexity of tobacco smoke leads to some confusion about the mechanisms by which it causes lung cancer. Among the multiple components of tobacco smoke, 20 carcinogens convincingly cause lung tumors in laboratory animals or humans and are, therefore, likely to be involved in lung cancer induction. Of these, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and the tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone are likely to play major roles. This review focuses on carcinogens in tobacco smoke as a means of simplifying and clarifying the relevant information that provides a mechanistic framework linking nicotine addiction with lung cancer through exposure to such compounds. Included is a discussion of the mechanisms by which tobacco smoke carcinogens interact with DNA and cause genetic changes--mechanisms that are reasonably well understood--and the less well defined relationship between exposure to specific tobacco smoke carcinogens and mutations in oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Molecular epidemiologic studies of gene-carcinogen interactions and lung cancer--an approach that has not yet reached its full potential--are also discussed, as are inhalation studies of tobacco smoke in laboratory animals and the potential role of free radicals and oxidative damage in tobacco-associated carcinogenesis. By focusing in this review on several important carcinogens in tobacco smoke, the complexities in understanding tobacco-induced cancer can be reduced, and new approaches for lung cancer prevention can be envisioned.
Optical Properties of Spin-Coated TiO<sub>2</sub>Antireflection Films on Textured Single-Crystalline Silicon Substrates (2015)

Antireflection coating (ARC) prepared by a wet process is beneficial for low cost fabrication of photovoltaic cells. In this study, we investigated optical properties and morphologies of spin-coated TiO 2 ARCs on alkaline textured single-crystalline silicon wafers. Reflectance spectra of the spin-coated ARCs on alkaline textured silicon wafers exhibit no interferences and low reflectance values in the entire visible range. We modeled the structures of the spin-coated films for ray tracing numerical calculation and compared numerically calculated reflectance spectra with the experimental results. This is the first report to clarify the novel optical properties experimentally and theoretically. Optical properties of the spin-coated ARCs without interference are due to the fractional nonuniformity of the thickness of the spin-coated ARCs that cancels out the interference of the incident light.