gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Applying Physical-Layer Network Coding in Wireless Networks (2010)

A main distinguishing feature of a wireless network compared with a wired network is its broadcast nature, in which the signal transmitted by a node may reach several other nodes, and a node may receive signals from several other nodes, simultaneously. Rather than a blessing, this feature is treated more as an interference-inducing nuisance in most wireless networks today (e.g., IEEE 802.11). This paper shows that the concept of network coding can be applied at the physical layer to turn the broadcast property into a capacity-boosting advantage in wireless ad hoc networks. Specifically, we propose a physical-layer network coding (PNC) scheme to coordinate transmissions among nodes. In contrast to "straightforward" network coding which performs coding arithmetic on digital bit streams after they have been received, PNC makes use of the additive nature of simultaneously arriving electromagnetic (EM) waves for equivalent coding operation. And in doing so, PNC can potentially achieve 100% and 50% throughput increases compared with traditional transmission and straightforward network coding, respectively, in 1D regular linear networks with multiple random flows. The throughput improvements are even larger in 2D regular networks: 200% and 100%, respectively.
Proteases in Organic Synthesis (2002)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTProteases in Organic Synthesis†Frank BordusaView Author Information Max-Planck Society, Research Unit "Enzymology of Protein Folding", Weinbergweg 22, D-06120 Halle/Saale, Germany Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2002, 102, 12, 4817–4868Publication Date (Web):November 20, 2002Publication History Received18 February 2002Published online20 November 2002Published inissue 1 December 2002https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr010164dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr010164dresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2002 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views3995Altmetric-Citations255LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Acyls,Monomers,Organic compounds,Peptides and proteins,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Evaluation of calpastatin activity measures in ante- and postmortem muscle from half-sib bulls and steers. (2000)

Calpastatin activity measured at 24 h postmortem in bovine longissimus muscle (PMLD24) is correlated with Warner-Bratzler shear force (WBS) measurements, an objective measure of tenderness. A live-animal measurement of calpastatin activity that correlates with 24-h postmortem activity would provide information for selection programs without the expense of progeny testing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of calpastatin activity measurements obtained on tissue samples from live animals and to determine the relationship among various calpastatin activity measures and tenderness determined by WBS and sensory panel. Biopsies (approximately 10 g) were obtained surgically 2 d before slaughter from the supraspinatus muscle on the anterior surface of the scapula (LISH0) from contemporary purebred Angus bulls (n = 12) and steers (n = 17). Biopsies from a subset of these cattle (n = 12) were refrigerated at 4 degrees C to simulate the postmortem cooling process for 24 h (LISH24) prior to extraction. A rib section anterior to the 12 and 13th rib interface was collected from all animals at the commercial abattoir between 22 and 23 h postmortem for PMLD24, sensory panel, and WBS measurements. A postmortem shoulder muscle sample (PMSH24) was collected at the same time. Calpastatin was extracted from all muscle samples using a heated calpastatin activity protocol. Sensory panel tenderness, WBS, LISH0, LISH24, and PMSH24 were not different between bulls and steers. However, PMLD24 values were significantly different. Significant partial correlations were found between WBS and sensory panel tenderness (-.55), between WBS and PMLD24 (-.43), and between LISH24 and PMLD24 (.78). Therefore, similar calpastatin activity values are possible with ante- and postmortem tissue samples, suggesting the possibility of using measurements from live-tissue biopsies from other than the longissimus muscle to predict end product tenderness.
Cell Nucleus Segmentation in Color Histopathological Imagery Using Convolutional Networks (2010)

Recent studies have shown that convolutional networks can achieve a great deal of success in high-level vision problems such as objection recognition. In this paper, convolutional networks are used to solve a typical low-level image processing task, image segmentation. Here, the convolutional networks are trained using gradient descent techniques to solve the problem of segmenting the cell nuclei from the background in the histopathology images. Using a dataset with 58 H&E stained breast cancer biopsy images, we find that the convolutional networks, with 3 hidden layers and 8 feature maps per hidden layer, provide superior performance to other pixel classification methods including FLDA and SVM. We also show two important properties of the convolutional networks as a segmentation method. First, as a machine learning approach, the convolution networks encode enough high-level domain-specific knowledge into the final segmentation strategy by learning the training data. Second, the convolutional networks can use appropriate amount of context information in segmenting by optimizing the weights of the filters in the networks through the learning process. In the end of this paper, several possible directions for future research are also proposed.
Molecular analysis of the influences of positive selection, tolerance induction, and antigen presentation on the T cell receptor repertoire. (1990)

Immunization of both B10.A and B10.S(9R) mice with pigeon cytochrome c (pcc) elicits T cells capable of proliferating to pcc presented on I-E major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. The T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire used by pcc-specific T cells from these two strains is markedly different, even for T cells recognizing very similar antigen/MHC complexes. Our current studies have been directed toward explaining this differential expression between MHC congenic strains of TCR gene elements capable of recognizing similar ligands. Analysis of the TCR repertoire of pcc-specific T cells from F1[B10.A x B10.S (9R)]----parent radiation chimeras has demonstrated that much of this difference is a result of the positive selection of T cells for MHC restriction specificity. Further analysis of T cell lines from F1 mice and from radiation chimeras stimulated in vitro with pcc on both B10.A and B10.S(9R) antigen-presenting cells has provided clear-cut examples of the influence of positive selection, tolerance induction and of both in vivo and in vitro antigen presentation on the shaping of the TCR repertoire for a protein antigen. This is the first molecular analysis of how positive selection, tolerance induction, and antigen presentation can combine to mold the TCR repertoire.
Discovery of Aminobenzyloxyarylamides as κ Opioid Receptor Selective Antagonists: Application to Preclinical Development of a κ Opioid Receptor Antagonist Receptor Occupancy Tracer (2011)

Arylphenylpyrrolidinylmethylphenoxybenzamides were found to have high affinity and selectivity for κ opioid receptors. On the basis of receptor binding assays in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells expressing cloned human opioid receptors, (S)-3-fluoro-4-(4-((2-(3-fluorophenyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)phenoxy)benzamide (25) had a K(i) = 0.565 nM for κ opioid receptor binding while having a K(i) = 35.8 nM for μ opioid receptors and a K(i) = 211 nM for δ opioid receptor binding. Compound 25 was also a potent antagonist of κ opioid receptors when tested in vitro using a [(35)S]-guanosine 5'O-[3-thiotriphosphate] ([(35)S]GTP-γ-S) functional assay in CHO cells expressing cloned human opioid receptors. Compounds were also evaluated for potential use as receptor occupancy tracers. Tracer evaluation was done in vivo, using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) methods, precluding the need for radiolabeling. (S)-3-Chloro-4-(4-((2-(pyridine-3-yl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl)phenoxy)benzamide (18) was found to have favorable properties for a tracer for receptor occupancy, including good specific versus nonspecific binding and good brain uptake.
Theory of Covariance Equivalent ARMAV Models of Civil Engineering Structures (1995)

In this paper the theoretical background for using covariance equivalent ARMAV models in modal analysis is discussed. It is shown how to obtain a covariance equivalent ARMA model for a univariate linear second order continuous-time system excited by Gaussian white noise. This result is generalized for multivariate<br/>systems to an ARMAV model. The covariance equivalent model structure is also considered when the number of channels are different from the number of degrees of freedom to be modelled. Finally, it is reviewed how to estimate an ARMAV model from sampled data.
Multiple Pathways Involved in Porcine Parvovirus Cellular Entry and Trafficking toward the Nucleus (2010)

Porcine parvovirus (PPV) is a major cause of reproductive failure in swine. The mechanisms implicated in the first steps of infection that lead to the delivery of the PPV genome to the nucleus are poorly understood. In the present work, a panel of chemical inhibitors was used to dissect the cellular mechanisms involved in establishing a PPV infection. The results demonstrated that following binding to sialic acids on cell surface glycoproteins, the virus used both clathrin-mediated endocytosis and macropinocytosis pathways to gain access into cells. Virus obtained from infected cells was present either as isolated particles or as aggregates, and these two forms could be separated by low-speed centrifugation. Isolated and purified particles strongly preferred entry by clathrin-mediated endocytosis, whereas aggregates clearly favored macropinocytosis. Subsequent endosomal acidification and traffic to the late endosomes were also shown to be essential for infection. The microtubule network was found to be important during the first 10 h of infection, whereas an intact actin network was required for almost the whole viral cycle. Proteasome processing was found to be essential, and capsid proteins were ubiquitinated relatively early during infection. Taken together, these results provided new insights into the first steps of PPV infection, including the use of alternative entry pathways, unique among members of this viral family.
WIPER: Leveraging the Cell Phone Network for Emergency Response † (2006)

Abstract — This paper describes the Wireless Phone-based Emergency Response (WIPER) system. WIPER is designed to provide emergency planners and responders with an integrated system that will help to detect possible emergencies, as well as to suggest and evaluate possible courses of action to deal with the emergency. The system is designed as a distributed system using web services and the service oriented architecture. Components of the system for detecting and mitigating emergency situations can be added and removed from the system as the need arises. WIPER is designed to evaluate potential plans of action using a series of GIS-enabled Agent-Based simulations that are grounded on realtime data from cell phone network providers. The system relies on the DDDAS concept [3], the interactive use of partial aggregate and detailed realtime data to continuously update the system, which ensures that simulations always present timely and pertinent data. WIPER presents information to users through a web-based interface of several overlaid layers of information, allowing users rich detail and flexibility.
On low-complexity linear channel estimation and frequency-domain equalization in SC-FDMA (2012)

The paper presents the comparison of different low-complexity channel estimation and equalization techniques implemented in Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). Since SC-FDMA is Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) precoded Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM), many techniques developed for OFDM can be applied to SC-FDMA. Least Square (LS) and Linear Minimum Mean-Square Error (LMMSE) with different noise reduction and simplification techniques are analyzed and compared in the simulations. Additionally, novel noise reduction method using weighted mean of neighboring subchannels in frequency domain is proposed and compared in simulations.
Determining Mortality Rates Attributable to<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Infection (2012)

To determine accuracy of measures of deaths attributable to Clostridium difficile infection, we compared 3 measures for 2007-2008 in Ontario, Canada: death certificate; death within 30 days of infection; and panel review. Data on death within 30 days were more feasible than panel review and more accurate than death certificate data.
Sigma-delta ADC and DAC for digital wireless communication (2003)

This paper provides a brief overview of Sigma-Delta (/spl Sigma//spl Delta/) ADC and DAC techniques. An emphasis is given on their applications in wireless communication. It first introduces the theory and design methodology of low-power and high-resolution /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ ADCs and DACs for audio applications. The discussion then leads to high speed /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ ADCs and DACs for RF baseband channel application in wireless communication. Finally, a discussion is given on IF bandpass /spl Sigma//spl Delta/ ADCs and DACs.
Autologous Fat Grafting (2014)

Further in-depth knowledge will provide definite answers on fat graft survival; demonstrate safe methods to increase cell viability, grafting outcome predictability; and reliability; enhance safety; and strengthen the scientific and clinical establishment of this increasingly promising method.
Highly Active Copolymerization of Ethylene and Dicyclopentadiene with [(η1-<i>t</i>-BuN)SiMe2(η1-C29H36)]TiMe2(THF) Complex (2008)

Abstract A new ansa-fluorenylamidodimethyltitanium complex 1 was synthesized and applied for ethylene–dicyclopentadiene copolymerization using modified methylaluminoxane (MMAO) as a cocatalyst at 50 °C. 1–MMAO exhibited the remarkable catalytic activity for the copolymerization and gave a copolymer with high glass-transition temperature of 191 °C.
Antibacterial efficacy of silver nanoparticles of different sizes, surface conditions and synthesis methods (2010)

Silver nanoparticles (Ag-nps) are used as a natural biocide to prevent undesired bacterial growth in clothing and cosmetics. The objective of this study was to assess the antibacterial efficacy of Ag-nps of different sizes, surface conditions, and synthesis methods against Escherichia coli, Ag-resistant E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), and Salmonella sp. Ag-nps samples were synthesized by: Base reduction with unmodified surfaces and used as synthesized ('unwashed'; 20, 50 and 80 nm) or after 20 phosphate buffer washes ('washed'; 20, 50 and 80 nm), or synthesized by laser ablation with carbon-stabilized surfaces ('carbon-coated'; 25 and 35 nm). Unwashed Ag-nps were toxic to all bacterial strains at concentrations between 3.0-8.0 μg/ml. The washed Ag-nps and carbon-coated Ag-nps were toxic to all bacterial strains except Ag-resistant E. coli at concentrations between 64.0-1024.0 μg/ml. Ag-resistant E. coli died only when treated with unwashed Ag-nps or its supernatant, both of which contained formaldehyde.
Isolation of C5-Sugars from the Hemicellulose-Rich Hydrolyzate of Distillers Dried Grains (2015)

A three-stage process for isolation and separation of C5-sugars in dry form from the hydrolyzate of distillers dried grains (DDG) is described. The salient features include extraction of bis(boronic ester) adducts of xylose and arabinose into toluene on treatment of neutralized hydrolyzate with phenylboronic acid (PBA) and subsequent addition of propylene glycol to the organic phase to induce sugar precipitation for ready collection. The PBA used in the process is largely reclaimed on hydrolysis of the propylene glycol boronic ester formed during the process. A preparative scale example afforded 48% of the xylose content in DDG as a crystalline solid also containing an additional 11% of the arabinose content.
New design concept for dielectric elastomer actuators (2006)

A large number of actuator geometries are known for dielectric elastomer actuators. It is known that pre-strain has a beneficial effect on the actuation output properties of dielectric elastomer actuators, though actuators without pre-strain have also been realized and proven to be of value. We would like to present a new concept for design of dielectric elastomer actuators which draws on conclusions from approaches both with and without a pre-straining frame. With this concept, a large number of new actuator geometries can be visualized, and easily prepared.
Autoimmunity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: clinical and experimental evidence (2012)

Over the past few decades, neutrophils and macrophages had co-occupied center stage as the critical innate immune cells underlying the pathobiology of cigarette smoke-induced chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and lung parenchymal destruction (i.e., emphysema). While chronic exposure to smoke facilitates the recruitment of innate immune cells into the lung, a clear role for adaptive immunity in emphysema has emerged. Evidence from human studies specifically point to a role for recruitment and activation of pathogenic lymphocytes and lung antigen-presenting cells in emphysema; similarly, animal models have confirmed a significant role for autoimumnity in progressive smoke-induced emphysema. Increased numbers of activated antigen-presenting cells, Th1 and Th17 cells, have been associated with smoke-induced lung inflammation and production of the canonical cytokines of these cells, IFN-γ and IL-17, correlates with disease severity. These exciting new breakthroughs could open new avenues for developing effective new therapies for smoke-induced emphysema.
A novel<i>β</i>thalassemia gene with a single base mutation in the conserved polypyrimidine sequence at the 3′ end of IVS 2 (1988)

An adult Algerian patient with homozygous beta thalassemia was found to have a unique beta thalassemia gene. Cloning and sequencing revealed that the only abnormality present in this beta gene is a transversion in the polypyrimidine stretch at the 3' end of the large intervening sequence (IVS 2) six bases 5' to the consensus AG dinucleotide sequence (CCGCCCACAG instead of CCTCCCACAG). In addition, digestion of the cloned fragment by the enzyme Mnl I demonstrates the disappearance of a restriction site as expected. This is the first example of a defect in the consensus sequence at the 3' end of an IVS leading to a thalassemia phenotype presumably due to decreased splicing.
Accurate computer aided design of interdigital filters applying a coupling identification method (2003)

Interdigital filters are found to be difficult to adjust because of improper couplings that occur at high frequency. To solve this problem, a new optimization method for the design of high frequency interdigital filters is presented in this paper. This optimization method uses an accurate computer aided design method, based on the identification of each resonator coupling including parasitic ones. In order to show the feasibility of such a method an example of a 3.1 GHz band-pass filter around 18.95 GHz is studied.
Constituents of the Leaves and Twigs of Ficus hispida (2002)

A new norisoprenoid, ficustriol (1), and the known phenanthroindolizidine alkaloid O-methyltylophorinidine (2), were isolated from a CHCl3 extract of the leaves and twigs of Ficus hispida. O-Methyltylophorinidine showed potent cytotoxic activity when tested against a small panel of human cancer cells, while ficustriol was inactive. The structure and stereochemistry of 1 were determined using chemical and spectral methods.
Reactive Metabolites and AGE/RAGE-Mediated Cellular Dysfunction Affect the Aging Process – A Mini-Review (2010)

Aging is a dynamic process in which its rate and subsequent longevity of an organism are dependent upon the balance between the reactive intermediates of normal cellular metabolism and the ability of the body to reduce these by-products through a multifaceted antioxidant defence system. Every disturbance of this balance constitutes a clear and present danger to the macromolecular integrity of the body. When defence mechanisms become diminished or impaired, the resulting imbalance results in accumulation of endogenous agents, such as reactive oxygen and carbonyl species, and a state of increased cellular stress, which can accelerate the rate of aging. Glycation is the non-enzymatic glycosylation of proteins, nucleotides and lipids by saccharide derivatives. Glucose and other reducing sugars are important glycating agents, but the most reactive physiological relevant glycating agents, are the dicarbonyls, in particular methylglyoxal. Endogenously formed dicarbonyl compounds can react with proteins to form advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). Experimental models have recently provided evidence that reduced detoxification of AGE precursors by the glyoxalase system, engagement of the cellular receptor RAGE and RAGE-dependent sustained activation of the pro-inflammatory transcription factor nuclear factor κB might significantly contribute to the rate of aging and the onset of age-related neurodegenerative, musculoskeletal and vascular diseases.
Role of Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate-Early Proteins in Cell Growth Control (2000)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a ubiquitous herpesvirus that has been implicated in several disorders, including an association between HCMV reactivation and the overproliferation of arterial smooth muscle cells observed in restenosis. Although HCMV can mediate a growth-arrest phenotype in infected cells, the virus can also promote an environment conducive to proliferation. Here, we present evidence that the HCMV immediate-early (IE) proteins, IE1-72 and IE2-86, may be responsible for inducing this proliferative environment by altering cell cycle control. We find that expression of either of these IE proteins can alter the cell cycle distribution of randomly cycling cells towards S and G(2)/M phases. Additionally, we find that expression of IE2-86, but not IE1-72, induces quiescent cells into S phase and delays cell cycle exit. In the absence of p53, IE1-72 expression can induce S phase and delay cell cycle exit. We also demonstrate that p53 protein levels increase in fibroblasts following the expression of IE1-72. The observed accumulation of p53 protein in IE1-72-expressing cells may account for the inability of IE1-72 to induce S phase and delay cell cycle exit. Our data suggest that expression of HCMV IE1-72 and IE2-86 is sufficient to alter the cell cycle to generate an environment conducive to proliferation.
Multiple storage and erasure of fixed holograms in Fe−doped LiNbO3 (1975)

Holograms were recorded and fixed simultaneously in heated (∼160°C) crystals of Fe−doped LiNbO3. With this procedure the crystals have the erase/write asymmetry required for multiple storage of high−diffraction−efficiency holograms. Five hundred fixed holograms, each with more than 2.5% diffraction efficiency, were recorded.