gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A 90 nm CMOS Broadband Multi-Mode Mixed-Signal Demodulator for 60 GHz Radios (2010)

In this paper, a low-power high-speed fully integrated mixed-signal quadrature demodulator with an embedded multi-gigabit modem in 90 nm CMOS technology is presented. A wide dynamic-range automatic gain control (AGC) is implemented to avoid clipping distortion experienced by the baseband ADCs. By reusing the power detector circuit within the AGC, analog signal processor is introduced to recover OOK modulated signals up to 2.5 Gb/s for an additional power consumption of 7.5 mW. Integrated with ultra-low-power, 3 mW, 3 GS/s, 3-bit ADCs and high-speed digital modem, the system requires neither external synchronization controls nor processing to demodulate BPSK modulated signals up to 3.5 Gb/s and DBPSK modulated signals up to 1.3 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$~$</tex></formula> Gb/s. The baseband modem incorporates a mixed-signal, timing-recovery loop to sample the symbols at the optimum SNR based on a high-speed Gardner timing-error detector for an additional power consumption of 14 mW. The analog front-end consists of IQ mixers, a 13 GHz QVCO, frequency synthesizers, and a baseband AGC for an overall power consumption of 52 mW. The entire receiver chip occupies an area of 1.275 <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\,\times {\hbox {1.19~mm}}^{2}$</tex> </formula> . To the best of authors' knowledge, this demonstrates the maximum throughput at the minimum power budget and highest level integration among all published wireless multi-gigabit, multi-mode, mixed-signal CMOS receivers.
Hypervalent organoiodine. Reactions of silver arylsulfonates with iodosobenzene dichloride (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHypervalent organoiodine. Reactions of silver arylsulfonates with iodosobenzene dichlorideGerald F. Koser and Richard H. WettachCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 8, 1476–1478Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00428a052https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00428a052research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1112Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The 4C Reference Model for Distributed User Interfaces (2008)

Distributed user interfaces (DUIs) are those interfaces whose different parts can be distributed in time and space on different monitors, screens, and computing platforms, depending on several parameters expressing the context of use, such as the user, the computing platform, and the physical environment in which the user is carrying out her interactive task To understand and classify existing approaches for DUIs and to identify under explored situations of DUIs, a reference model for DUIs is introduced that examines DUIs according to four 'C' dimensions: computation (what is distributed?), communication (when is it distributed?), coordination (who is it distributed?), and configuration (from where and to where is the distribution operated?). At the core of this reference model exists the original notion of user interface habitat, that is the place where a particular type of user interface is normally found. According to this notion, it is possible to explore and investigate a wide spectrum of DUIs among which we exemplify several cases coming from our existing research and development of DUIs.
Generating non-overlapping displays of nucleic acid secondary structure (1984)

A new algorithm is presented which permits the display of nucleic acid secondary structure by computer. This algorithm circumvents the problem of overlapping portions of the molecule which is inherent in some other drawing programs. The results from this algorithm may also be used as input to the drawing algorithm previously reported in this journal [1] to untangle most of a drawing. The algorithm also represents the molecule in a form which makes visual comparisons for similarity quite easy since it guarantees that comparable features will reside in the same relative position in the drawings when the drawings are normalized.
Measurement of the magnetooptic properties of bismuth-substituted iron garnet films using piezobirefringent modulation (1984)

A magnetooptic spectrometer is described which makes use of a piezobirefringent (photoelastic) modulator. In a special configuration of the optical components the spectrometer yields simultaneously the magnetooptic rotation and ellipticity induced by the sample. All functions of the spectrometer are automatically controlled by a microcomputer. The typical resolution in the magnetooptic Faraday and Kerr rotations is 10−2 deg and in the Faraday and Kerr ellipticities is 10−3 deg. The performance of the spectrometer is assessed on liquid-phase iron garnet films of composition Y3−x−yBixPbyFe5−zPtzO12 whose polar magnetooptic Faraday and Kerr spectra are reported in the photon energy range 0.7–4.8 eV (λ = 1800–260-nm wavelength) and compositional range 0 ⩽ x ⩽ 1.42. The impurity content in the films is y ⩽ 0.08 and z ⩽ 0.04. A comparison with data from literature shows a satisfactory agreement with this work. Deviations may be due to distinct differences in the material technology and in the precision of the chemical analysis. The investigated films are identical with those reported earlier from this laboratory in order to yield a consistent picture in the optical, magnetooptic, and magnetic properties.
Determination of the Serum Protein Binding of Oxycodone and Morphine Using Ultrafiltration (1993)

Protein binding of oxycodone and morphine in human serum was determined in vitro using ultrafiltration. Binding studies were also performed using both purified human serum albumin and human alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AAG). Albumin was found to be the major binding protein for both oxycodone and morphine. The serum protein binding of both oxycodone and morphine was independent of drug concentration in the therapeutic range (5-100 ng/ml), but was dependent on protein concentration. In addition, bound fractions of oxycodone and morphine increased with increasing concentrations of both albumin and AAG. At physiological pH and temperature, the mean (+/- SD) serum protein binding of oxycodone was 45.1% (+/- 0.4%) and that of morphine was 35.3% (+/- 0.2%) A decrease in temperature from 37 to 23 degrees C significantly increased the serum protein binding of oxycodone and morphine by 8-9% (p < 0.0001) and 7-10% (p < 0.0001), respectively, indicating the importance of maintaining the temperature at 37 degrees C during protein binding experiments. A reduction in pH from 7.75-8.85 to 7.4 significantly reduced serum protein binding of both oxycodone and morphine by 4-5% (p < 0.0001) and 4-7% (p < 0.0001), respectively. Serum samples, to which known concentrations of oxycodone had been added and which were stored at -20 degrees C, showing a gradual but significant decline (p < 0.0001) in serum protein binding of oxycodone from approximately 45 to 39% during the 4-week storage period.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Erythropoietin involves the phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase pathway, 14‐3‐3 protein and FOXO3a nuclear trafficking to preserve endothelial cell integrity (2007)

Our work defines a novel cytoprotective pathway in ECs that involves PI-3 K, STAT3, STAT5, ERK 1/2, 14-3-3 protein and FOXO3a, which can be targeted for the development of EPO as a clinically effective and safe agent in the vascular system.
Intranasal Immunization of Lambs with Serine/Threonine Phosphatase 2A against Gastrointestinal Nematodes (2013)

ABSTRACT Seven 3-month-old, female, helminth-free lambs were immunized intranasally with three doses (1 mg total) of a recombinant part of the catalytic region of the serine/threonine phosphatase 2A (PP2Ar) (group 1 [G1]). In addition, four lambs were used as an adjuvant control group (G2), four as unimmunized, infected controls (G3), and four as unimmunized, uninfected controls (G4). Fifteen days after the last immunization, lambs from G1, G2, and G3 were challenged with 10,000 larval stage 3 (L3) organisms in a plurispecific nematode infection composed of ca. 40% Trichostrongylus colubriformis , 40% Haemonchus contortus , and 20% Teladorsagia circumcincta . All the lambs were clinically monitored throughout the experiment. Parasitological (fecal egg output and immunological response), biopathological (packed-cell volume and leukocyte and eosinophil counts), and zootechnical (live-weight gain) analyses were conducted. On day 105 of the experiment, all the animals were slaughtered and the adult worm population in their abomasa examined. Intranasal administration of PP2Ar with bacterial walls as an adjuvant elicited a strong immune response in the immunized lambs, as evidenced by their humoral immune response. Immunized animals and animals receiving the adjuvant shed significantly ( P < 0.001) fewer numbers of parasites' eggs in their feces. The immunization significantly reduced the helminth burden in the abomasa by the end of the experiment (>68%), protection being provided against both Haemonchus and Teladorsagia . Live-weight gain in the immunized lambs was similar to that in the uninfected controls versus the infected or adjuvanted animal groups. Our results suggest that heterologous immunization of ruminants by intranasal administration may be efficacious in the struggle to control gastrointestinal helminths in these livestock.
Noisy CMLLR for noise-robust speech recognition (2009)

Adaptive training is a widely used technique for building speech recognition systems on non-homogeneous training data. Recently there has been interest in applying these approaches for situations where there is significant levels of background noise. Various schemes for adaptive training are based on noise, or speaker, specific transforms of the observed noise-corrupted speech to yield estimates of the clean speech. However when there are high levels of background noise, these clean speech estimates may be poor resulting in degradations in performance. In this work, a new approach for adaptive training on noise-corrupted training data is presented. It extends a popular form of linear transform for model-based adaptation and adaptive training, constrained MLLR (CMLLR), to reflect additional uncertainty from noise-corrupted observations. This new form of transform is called noisy CMLLR (NCM-LLR). NCMLLR uses a modified version of generative model between clean speech and noisy observation, similar to factor analysis (FA). However in contrast in FA here the generative model describes a transformation, rather than a covariance matrix structure. The use of NCMLLR for adaptation and adaptive training using an expectation-maximisation approach is described. Discriminative adaptive training with NCMLLR is also presented based on the minimum phone error criterion. Experiments are conducted on noise-corrupted version of Resource Management and in-car recorded digit data. In preliminary experiments this new approach achieves improvements in recognition performance over the standard approach in low signal-to-noise ratio conditions. In addition the need for adaptive training when there are a range of noise conditions in the training data is shown. 2 1
Towards efficient hierarchical designs by ratio cut partitioning (2003)

A partitioning approach called ratio cut is proposed. The authors demonstrate that the ratio cut algorithm can locate the clustering structures in the circuit. Finding the optimal ratio cut is NP-complete. However, in certain cases the ratio cut can be solved by linear programming techniques via the multicommodity flow problem. They also propose a fast heuristic algorithm running in linear time with respect to the number of pins in the circuit. Experiments show good results in all tested cases, and as much as 70% improvement over the Kernighan-Lin algorithm in terms of the proposed ratio metric.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Specific autoantigens in experimental autoimmunity‐associated atherosclerosis (2016)

Higher cardiovascular morbidity in patients with a wide range of autoimmune diseases highlights the importance of autoimmunity in promoting atherosclerosis. Our purpose was to investigate the mechanisms of accelerated atherosclerosis and identified vascular autoantigens targeted by autoimmunity. We created a mouse model of autoimmunity-associated atherosclerosis by transplanting bone marrow from FcγRIIB knockout (FcRIIB(-/-)) mice into LDL receptor knockout mice. We characterized the cellular and molecular mechanisms of atherogenesis and identified specific aortic autoantigens using serologic proteomic studies. En face lesion area analysis showed more aggressive atherosclerosis in autoimmune mice compared with control mice (0.64 ± 0.12 vs 0.32 ± 0.05 mm(2); P < 0.05, respectively). At the cellular level, FcRIIB(-/-) macrophages showed significant reduction (46-72%) in phagocytic capabilities. Proteomic analysis revealed circulating autoantibodies in autoimmune mice that targeted 25 atherosclerotic lesion proteins, including essential components of adhesion complex, cytoskeleton, and extracellular matrix, and proteins involved in critical functions and pathways. Microscopic examination of atherosclerotic plaques revealed essential colocalization of autoantibodies with endothelial cells, their adherence to basement membranes, the internal elastica lamina, and necrotic cores. The new vascular autoimmunosome may be a useful target for diagnostic and immunotherapeutic interventions in autoimmunity-associated diseases that have accelerated atherosclerosis.-Merched, A. J., Daret, D., Li, L., Franzl, N., Sauvage-Merched, M. Specific autoantigens in experimental autoimmunity-associated atherosclerosis.
Synthesis and Anticancer Activity Comparison of Phenylalkyl Isoselenocyanates with Corresponding Naturally Occurring and Synthetic Isothiocyanates (2008)

Synthesis and identification of novel phenylalkyl isoselenocyanates (ISCs), isosteric selenium analogues of naturally occurring phenylalkyl isothiocyanates (ITCs), as effective cytotoxic and antitumor agents are described. The structure-activity relationship comparison of ISCs with ITCs and effect of the increasing alkyl chain length in inhibiting cancer cell growth were evaluated on melanoma, prostate, breast, glioblastoma, sarcoma, and colon cancer cell lines. IC(50) values for ISC compounds were generally lower than their corresponding ITC analogues. Similarly, in UACC 903 human melanoma cells, the inhibition of cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis were more pronounced with ISCs compared to ITCs. Further, ISCs and ITCs effectively inhibited melanoma tumor growth in mice following intraperitoneal xenograft. A similar reduction in tumor size was observed at 3 times lower doses of ISCs compared to corresponding ITCs.
Frontal to profile face verification in the wild (2016)

We have collected a new face data set that will facilitate research in the problem of frontal to profile face verification `in the wild'. The aim of this data set is to isolate the factor of pose variation in terms of extreme poses like profile, where many features are occluded, along with other `in the wild' variations. We call this data set the Celebrities in Frontal-Profile (CFP) data set. We find that human performance on Frontal-Profile verification in this data set is only slightly worse (94.57% accuracy) than that on Frontal-Frontal verification (96.24% accuracy). However we evaluated many state-of-the-art algorithms, including Fisher Vector, Sub-SML and a Deep learning algorithm. We observe that all of them degrade more than 10% from Frontal-Frontal to Frontal-Profile verification. The Deep learning implementation, which performs comparable to humans on Frontal-Frontal, performs significantly worse (84.91% accuracy) on Frontal-Profile. This suggests that there is a gap between human performance and automatic face recognition methods for large pose variation in unconstrained images.
Low-frequency plasmons in coupled electronic microstructures (1998)

The plasmon spectrum and the absorption of an electromagnetic wave in an electronic two-dimensional plasma with strongly modulated density are studied. The appearance of additional plasmon modes in a system of electronic wires and islands with weak current coupling is described in a model of an electronic system covered with metallic gates. Such plasmon modes appear in the low-frequency region of the spectrum, as compared with the conventional plasma oscillations, and have recently been observed experimentally in paired wires.
Time-delay estimation using MLE approach for wide-band radar systems (2002)

The problem of time-delay estimation has considerable practical importance in the area of communication. Consequently many procedures have been developed for this estimation. One such is the maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) method where the time delay between the signals received at two spatially separated sensors in the presence of uncorrelated noise can easily be estimated. A cross-correlation of the resulting sequences is carried out to determine the time difference of arrival (TDOA) of the signal at the two sensors. This can be realized in practice by a pair of receiver filters followed by a cross-correlator. Also the true parameters of interest and hence the target location can be obtained from a set of time delay measurements using a group of sensors.
DNA and RNA analyses in detection of genetic predisposition to cancer (2008)

During the past decade many new molecular methods for DNA and RNA analysis have emerged. The most popular thus far have been SSCP, HET, CMC, DGGE, RFLP or ASA, which have now been replaced by methods that are more cost effective and less time consuming. Real-time amplification techniques and particularly those with the capacity of multiplexing have become commonly used in laboratory practice. Novel screening methods enable the very rapid examination of large patients series. Use of liquid handling robotics applied to the isolation of DNA or RNA, the normalisation of sample concentration, and standardization of target amplification by PCR have also contributed to a reduced risk of sample contamination and have resulted in laboratory analysis being easier and faster. The aim of this study is the introduction of a few modern techniques, most commonly used in detection of genetic predisposition to cancer.
Editors' Introduction (1970)

This series of papers is based on a 1969 conference on 'subcortical visual systems' held at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology1.It seems to us that our good luck in obtaining a confrontation between proponents of diverse disciplines, and among investigators of a number of vertebrate species, has reinforced the chief aims of this journal.In emphasizing aspects of vision that have been generally slightedunder the misleading notion that the geniculosliiale system was THE visual system -we have brought into focus other important issues as well.Biologists and psychologists -in scanning these articles -can see the common basis for visual behavior shared by vertebrate species from fish to man.We believe that the new surge of comparative neuroanatomical studies will induce an increasing number of physiologists and behaviorists to make similarly careful comparisons at their own levels of analysis.Secondly, our focus upon the optic tectum brings the visual system into direct apposition with the motor system.Perhaps this new awareness of 'visuomotor' links in behavior will help to heal our schizoid habit of segregating the study of perception from description and analysis of action.No doubt, any discussion of 'the evolution of vision' is still a pedantic parlor game, since we lack satisfactory answers to most questions relating structure and function within this multi-component system.Yet, in the pages that follow, one may witness almost sudden crystallizations of new ways of thinking about fundamental issues: homologies of visual path ways, relationships of electrophysiology to classes of natural behavior, and the possibility of 'neural plasticity' during brain development.Whether
Targeting of drugs with liposomes (1983)

At least two options are open to us in pursuing optimal drug action (Gregoriadis, 1981a). In the first, creation of specialised molecules, a therapeutically profitable target-drug relationship is usually far from ideal and undesirable side effects are almost always present. In the second, drug molecules that are not necessarily target specific are transported by a carrier to the area of action and subsequently allowed to perform their task. Transport by the carrier should be effected in isolation from the biological space existing between the site of application and the site of action as this would be useful in cases where drugs are either prone to premature excretion and inactivation or detrimental to the non-target space in the host. The carrier itself should be non-toxic, biodegradable and of the appropriate shape and size so as to enable accommodation of a wide variety of therapeutic agents. It should preferably ignore or be ignored by irrelevant (normal) areas and have a pronounced affinity for, and access to the target site within which there should be a mechanism for the release of agents from the carrier. The latter, having accomplished its function, should then be disposed of.
Spin-Lattice Relaxation in the Rotating Frame: Weak-Collision Case (1966)

A comprehensive theoretical expression for the spin-lattice relaxation time in the rotating frame ${T}_{1\ensuremath{\rho}}$ is derived for the case of weak collisions. Starting from the laboratory-frame dipolar Hamiltonian and retaining both secular and nonsecular terms, the doubly-rotating-frame Hamiltonian is determined and the relaxation expression derived, using standard density-matrix techniques. In limiting cases the derived expression reduces to established forms, including the normal expression for ${T}_{1}$. An experimental measurement of the angular dependence of ${T}_{1\ensuremath{\rho}}$ is described and the data for the sample of tetramethyl-ammonium iodide shown. The theoretical curve is in good agreement with the experimental data.