gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
ECNet: Efficient Convolutional Networks for Side Scan Sonar Image Segmentation (2019)

This paper presents a novel and practical convolutional neural network architecture to implement semantic segmentation for side scan sonar (SSS) image. As a widely used sensor for marine survey, SSS provides higher-resolution images of the seafloor and underwater target. However, for a large number of background pixels in SSS image, the imbalance classification remains an issue. What is more, the SSS images contain undesirable speckle noise and intensity inhomogeneity. We define and detail a network and training strategy that tackle these three important issues for SSS images segmentation. Our proposed method performs image-to-image prediction by leveraging fully convolutional neural networks and deeply-supervised nets. The architecture consists of an encoder network to capture context, a corresponding decoder network to restore full input-size resolution feature maps from low-resolution ones for pixel-wise classification and a single stream deep neural network with multiple side-outputs to optimize edge segmentation. We performed prediction time of our network on our dataset, implemented on a NVIDIA Jetson AGX Xavier, and compared it to other similar semantic segmentation networks. The experimental results show that the presented method for SSS image segmentation brings obvious advantages, and is applicable for real-time processing tasks.
Kinetics of Specific IgE Antibody and Total IgE Responses in Mice: The Effect of Immunosuppressive Treatment (1983)

The IgE antibody and total IgE responses were studied in three mouse strains immunized with low doses of ovalbumin. BALB/c and C57BL/6J mice were considered as 'high' and 'intermediate' IgE antibody responders, respectively; during immunization the peritoneal mast cells of mice from these two strains became sensitized. In identical conditions of immunization, very low IgE antibody response and lack of mast cell sensitization was observed in CFW mice. After exposure of these CFW mice to low-dose X-irradiation (250 R) or a moderate dose of cyclophosphamide (100 mg/kg), a detectable IgE antibody response appeared and peritoneal mast cells became sensitized. In all three strains the evolution of total serum IgE levels during immunization did not correlate with IgE antibody response; an early transient elevation of total IgE level appeared soon after first immunization, at a time when IgE antibody responses were not detectable or were very low. After X-irradiation or cyclophosphamide pretreatment, this elevation of total IgE was potentiated. The possibility of differences in regulation of specific IgE antibody response and IgE of unknown specificity in the mice is discussed.
TRITON WR-1339 AS A BIOLOGICAL-RESPONSE MODIFIER IN MYCOBACTERIAL INFECTION (1986)

A non-ionic detergent, Triton WR-1339, prolonged markedly the survival time of mice infected fatally with virulent mycobacteria, though it exerted only a limited effect on the fate of tissue viable counts. The combined administration of Triton WR-1339 with lentinan (a glucan purified from the Japanese mushroom Lentinus edodes) was more effective than the single administration of each. This detergent was not lytic to red blood cells or lysosomes, but its substantial effect on the biomembrane was suggested by cold-shock experiment of hemolysis. It was considered that Triton WR-1339 is a biological-response modifier, possibly altering the interaction between the mycobacterial surface and the membrane structure of phagocytes.
Analysis of exocytosis mutants indicates close coupling between regulated secretion and transcription activation in  <i>Tetrahymena</i> (1997)

Stimulation of regulated secretory cells promotes protein release via the fusion of cytoplasmic storage vesicles with the plasma membrane. In Tetrahymena thermophila, brief exposure to secretagogue results in synchronous fusion of the entire set of docked dense-core granules with the plasma membrane. We show that stimulation is followed by rapid new dense-core granule synthesis involving gene induction. Two genes encoding granule matrix proteins, GRL1 and GRL4, are shown to undergo induction following stimulation, resulting in approximately 10-fold message accumulation within 1 h. The mechanism of induction involves transcriptional regulation, and the upstream region of GRL1 functions in vivo as an inducible promoter in a heterologous reporter construct using the gene encoding green fluorescent protein. Taking advantage of the characterized exocytosis (exo-) mutants available in this system, we asked whether the signals for regranulation were generated directly by the initial stimulation, or whether downstream events were required for transcription activation. Three mutants, with defects at three distinct stages in the regulated secretory pathway, failed to show induction of GRL1 and GRL4 after exposure to secretagogue. These results argue that regranulation depends upon signals generated by the final steps in exocytosis.
The chemistry of L-ascorbic and D-isoascorbic acids. 1. The preparation of chiral butanetriols and -tetrols (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe chemistry of L-ascorbic and D-isoascorbic acids. 1. The preparation of chiral butanetriols and -tetrolsElie Abushanab, Purushotham Vemishetti, Robert W. Leiby, Haribansh K. Singh, Amarendra B. Mikkilineni, David C. J. Wu, Racha Saibaba, and Raymond P. PanzicaCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1988, 53, 11, 2598–2602Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00246a037https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00246a037research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2716Altmetric-Citations152LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Role of Structural Factors in the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Phthalocyanines and Related Compounds (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTRole of Structural Factors in the Nonlinear Optical Properties of Phthalocyanines and Related CompoundsGema de la Torre, Purificación Vázquez, F. Agulló-López, and Tomás TorresView Author Information Departamento de Química Orgánica (C-I) and Departamento de Física de Materiales (C-IV), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2004, 104, 9, 3723–3750Publication Date (Web):August 11, 2004Publication History Received3 March 2003Published online11 August 2004Published inissue 1 September 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cr030206thttps://doi.org/10.1021/cr030206tresearch-articleACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views7006Altmetric-Citations1025LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Absorption,Molecules,Nonlinear optics,Optical properties,Phthalocyanine Get e-Alerts
Business Process Modeling- A Comparative Analysis (2009)

Many business process modeling techniques have been proposed over the last decades, creating a demand for theory to assist in the comparison and evaluation of these techniques. A widely established way of determining the effectiveness and efficiency of modeling techniques is by way of representational analysis. This paper comparatively assesses representational analyses of 12 popular process modeling techniques in order to provide insights into the extent to which they differ from each other. We discuss several implications of our findings. Our analysis uncovers and explores representational root causes for a number of shortcomings that remain in process modeling practice, such as lack of process decomposition and integration of business rule specification. Our findings also serve as motivation and input to future research in areas such as context-aware business process design and conventions management.
Structural analysis and biological significance of the cell wall lytic enzymes of<i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i>and its bacteriophage (1992)

The development of an appropriate technique for the identification of autolysin-defective mutants of pneumococcus has been a fundamental step to carry out studies on the molecular characteristics of the lytic enzymes of Streptococcus pneumoniae and its bacteriophage. Our results show that the principal pneumococcal autolysin (an amidase) is responsible for the separation of the daughter cells at the end of the cell division. On the other hand, this system provides a reliable experimental model to support the extended idea concerning the modular organization of most proteins. The comparative analyses of the deduced amino acid sequences of these enzymes, as well as the construction of functional chimeric phage-bacterial enzymes, demonstrate that the C-terminal domain, which contains a large number of repeated amino acid motifs, is the substrate-binding domain, whereas the N-terminal domain provides enzymatic specificity. We propose that the pneumococcal lytic enzymes have evolved by modular exchange providing examples of the types of novel genes that the bacteria or the phage might create to allow them to become adapted to new environmental situations.
Use of Neural Network for Turbulence and Precipitation Classification Procedure (2006)

This paper describes a methodology of precipitation and turbulence classification based on radar echo signal features measured by polarimetric radar. A neural network classifier is used to distinguish between different precipitation and turbulence classes. The classification procedure takes a decision about the type of precipitation and turbulence intensity by simultaneous feature consideration. In this paper the turbulence classification using multi-parametric decision technique is described
Lei do Ventre Livre, 1871: reflexos da aprovação da lei imperial de abolição gradual da escravidão na Província de Santa Catarina (2010)

The law of free birth, that declare free status of the children born of the slave woman, led the brazilian government to interfere directly, for the first time in the master-slave relationship, extolling the tempers of liberals and conservatives in the face of imminent disintegration of slavery in Brazil. In this article we discuss about the repercussions of this law in the Province of Santa Catarina, through periodic reviews of the time in order to contribute for a more marked understanding about this event and its consequences in this province.
Constant-g>inf<m>/inf<Techniques for Rail-to-Rail CMOS Amplifier Input Stages: A Comparative Study (2005)

This paper presents a comparative study of a number of constant-transconductance (g/sub m/) techniques for CMOS amplifier input stages. The pros and cons of each technique are discussed. Theoretical analysis along with simulation results are discussed to demonstrate the performance of each constant-g/sub m/ technique. Finally, we propose a novel technique which achieves within /spl plusmn/3% g/sub m/ variation over the full input common-mode voltage range. The new technique exhibits improvement over other existing techniques.
Folate deficiency in chronic inflammatory bowel diseases. (1979)

In a consecutive study of 216 outpatients with chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (CIBD) low serum and erythrocyte folate levels were found in 59% and 26%, respectively. In patients with low folate levels in both serum and erythrocytes, megaloblastic changes in the bone marrow ere found in 67% (29 out of 44). Their folate intakes were borderline. Absorption studies with tritiated folate showed low absorption values on repeated examinations in 23% of the patients with low folate values (9 out of 40), with no relationship to the intake of salazosulphapyridine. In patients with low folate values the reticulocyte count was elevated (related to the dose of salazosulphapyridine), and the 51Cr erythrocyte survival was decreased. It is suggested that folate deficiency in CIBD is of multiple origin: inadequate diet, malabsorption, and chronic drug-induced low-grade haemolysis. The clinical consequence of the findings remains to be evaluated.
Intermolecular duplexes formed from polyadenylylated vaccinia virus RNA (1979)

Approximately 15% of the polyadenylic acid-containing cytoplasmic RNA labeled from 5 to 7 h after vaccinia virus infection formed intermolecular duplex structures characterized as double-stranded RNA by RNase resistance, density in Cs2SO4, base composition, chromatography on cellulose, and ability to inhibit reticulocyte cell-free protein synthesis. Both sucrose gradient sedimentation and electron microscopic analysis indicated that the double-stranded regions were several hundred to more than a thousand nucleotide base pairs long. The double-stranded RNA, after denaturation, hybridized to approximately 25% of the vaccinia virus genome, whereas total late RNA hybridized to 42%. The finding that the duplex RNA, after denaturation, hybridized to most HindIII restriction endonuclease fragments of vaccinia virus DNA indicated that symmetrical transcription is not confined to the terminal inverted repeat sequence or to one contiguous region of the genome. Although relatively little labeled, early, polyadenylic acid-containing RNA formed RNase-resistant hybrids upon self-annealing, the percentage increased upon addition of unlabeled late RNA, indicating that the latter contains "anti-early" sequences.
Emerging Commercial Applications Using the 60 GHz Unlicensed Band: Opportunities and Challenges (2006)

The 60 GHz band has emerged as an international spectrum opportunity for short-range wireless communication networks. In this paper, opportunities that may leverage 60 GHz and the technology trends that will impact the commercial deployment of systems utilizing the 60 GHz frequency band are discussed. Millimeter-wave frequency bands have historically been costly to utilize and traditionally used almost exclusively for government and non-consumer products. Recent and ongoing advances in semiconductor technology and low cost high frequency packaging can be leveraged for low cost solutions that enable widespread deployment. An example of such a system operating in the millimeter-wave spectrum where bandwidths of ~3 GHz have been achieved. Multi-gigabit data transmission and reception over significant distances has also been realized to demonstrate the potential throughput of such a broadband wireless system.
Segregation analysis of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews suggests autosomal dominant inheritance. (1990)

The results of segregation analysis applied to a family study of idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews are reported. The study is based on 43 probands (with age at onset prior to 27 years) from 42 nuclear families; pedigrees were extended systematically through all available first- and second-degree relatives, who were directly examined and videotaped. Final diagnoses were based on exam information and blinded videotape review. Segregation analysis demonstrated that the data are consistent with autosomal dominant inheritance with 30% penetrance. Recessive and polygenic inheritance were strongly rejected. There was no evidence for sporadic cases or new mutations. The high incidence and dominant inheritance of early-onset idiopathic torsion dystonia in Ashkenazi Jews suggests genetic homogeneity within this population, making it especially useful for linkage studies of this disorder.
Thermo-mechanical reliability assessment for 3D through-Si stacking (2009)

The through silicon interconnection technology for stacked dies is a promising way of future package construction as it lowers yield risks of large die sizes and allows cost effective packaging solutions for heterogeneous electronic systems. Thermo-mechanical reliability dependent on processing and mounting steps as well as during testing are one major concern, which was addressed by FEA. The numerical investigations addressed single through-Si vias of different sizes and geometrical features, effects of multiple vias and those of mounting through-silicon stacked dies in plastic packages. It is shown that appropriate modeling requires the inclusion of multiple high temperature process steps as well as non-linear material properties for miniaturized materials used, realized by submodeling and sequential build-up techniques. A computational time consuming 40 steps calculation scheme was selected to include intrinsic stress from processing in the final package under thermal cyclic loading. Thin film elastic-plastic behavior of metals, in particular of the Cu-via, was accounted for as measured by nano-indentation while polymeric materials were treated viscoelastically based on tensile measurements of miniaturized specimens.
Expanding Window Fountain Codes for Unequal Error Protection (2007)

A novel approach to provide unequal error protection (UEP) using rateless codes over erasure channels, named Expanding Window Fountain (EWF) codes, is developed and discussed. EWF codes use a windowing technique rather than a weighted (non-uniform) selection of input symbols to achieve UEP property. The windowing approach introduces additional parameters in the UEP rateless code design, making it more general and flexible than the weighted approach. Furthermore, the windowing approach provides better performance of UEP scheme, which is confirmed both theoretically and experimentally.
ICDAR2015 competition on recognition of documents with complex layouts - RDCL2015 (2015)

This paper presents an objective comparative evaluation of page segmentation and region classification methods for documents with complex layouts. It describes the competition (modus operandi, dataset and evaluation methodology) held in the context of ICDAR2015, presenting the results of the evaluation of eight methods - four submitted, two state-of-the-art systems (one commercial and one open-source) and their two immediately previous versions. Three scenarios are reported in this paper, one evaluating the ability of methods to accurately segment regions and two evaluating both segmentation and region classification (one with emphasis on text and the other focusing only on text). The results indicate that an innovative approach has a clear advantage but there is still a considerable need to develop robust methods that deal with layout challenges, especially with the non-text content.
Intranuclear trafficking of transcription factors: implications for biological control (2000)

The subnuclear organization of nucleic acids and cognate regulatory factors suggests that there are functional interrelationships between nuclear structure and gene expression. Nuclear proteins that are localized in discrete domains within the nucleus include the leukemia-associated acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) and promyelocytic leukemia (PML) factors, the SC-35 RNA-processing factors, nucleolar proteins and components of both transcriptional and DNA replication complexes. Mechanisms that control the spatial distribution of transcription factors within the three-dimensional context of the nucleus may involve the sorting of regulatory information, as well as contribute to the assembly and activity of sites that support gene expression. Molecular, cellular, genetic and biochemical approaches have identified distinct protein segments, termed intranuclear-targeting signals, that are responsible for directing regulatory factors to specific subnuclear sites. Gene rearrangements that remove or alter intranuclear-targeting signals are prevalent in leukemias and have been linked to altered localization of regulatory factors within the nucleus. These modifications in the intranuclear targeting of transcription factors might abrogate fidelity of gene expression in tumor cells by influencing the spatial organization and/or assembly of machineries involved in the synthesis and processing of gene transcripts.
Immunogenicity of biological therapeutics: a hierarchy of concerns. (2003)

CBER considers immune responses to biological therapeutic agents in a hierarchy, structured by clinical effects. The greatest concern regards immediate hypersensitivity responses that cause anaphylactic or anaphylactoid responses. Such responses have been most commonly observed in treatment with bacterial products such as asparaginase, streptokinase, and diptheria toxin-conjugated molecules. Immediate hypersensitivity, as well as more delayed hypersensitivity responses (hours to days) may also be observed in enzyme replacement therapies, wherein a normal mammalian enzyme appears as a foreign protein to deficient patients. More insidious, but nonetheless devastating, antibodies to a recombinant hormone or cytokine have been shown to neutralize not only the product, but also the endogenous factor. When the endogenous factor mediates a unique biological function, a clinical syndrome develops. Such has been observed in immune responses to recombinant erythropoietin and thrombopoietin, with patients exhibiting pure red blood cell aplasia and immune mediated thrombocytopaenia respectively. Of considerable importance, but posing less threat, is generation of binding antibodies which may cause infusion reactions, alter pharmacokinetics and biodistribution, and potentially diminish product efficacy.
Analytical Modeling of Multi-Fractured Horizontal Wells in Heterogeneous Unconventional Reservoirs (2017)

A Thesis Submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Applied Science in Petroleum Systems Engineering, University of Regina. xxix, 267 p.