gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasmonic Nanoparticle Networks for Light and Heat Concentration (2012)

Self-assembled plasmonic nanoparticle networks (PNN) composed of chains of 12 nm diameter crystalline gold nanoparticles exhibit a longitudinally coupled plasmon mode centered at 700 nm. We have exploited this longitudinal absorption band to efficiently confine light fields and concentrate heat sources in the close vicinity of these plasmonic chain networks. The mapping of the two phenomena on the same superstructures was performed by combining two-photon luminescence and fluorescence polarization anisotropy imaging techniques. Besides the light and heat concentration, we show experimentally that the planar spatial distribution of optical field intensity can be simply modulated by controlling the linear polarization of the incident optical excitation. On the contrary, the heat production, which is obtained here by exciting the structures within the optically transparent window of biological tissues, is evenly spread over the entire PNN. This contrasts with the usual case of localized heating in continuous nanowires, thus opening opportunities for these networks in light-induced hyperthermia applications. Furthermore, we propose a unified theoretical framework to account for both the nonlinear optical and thermal near-fields around PNN. The associated numerical simulations, based on a Green's function formalism, are in excellent agreement with the experimental images. This formalism therefore provides a versatile tool for the accurate engineering of optical and thermodynamical properties of complex plasmonic colloidal architectures.
Dietary polyphenols mediated regulation of oxidative stress and chromatin remodeling in inflammation (2008)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) alter nuclear histone acetylation and deacetylation (chromatin remodeling) leading to increased NF-κB-dependent gene expression of proinflammatory mediators.Naturally occurring dietary polyphenols such as curcumin (diferuloylmethane, an active component of spice turmeric) and resveratrol (phytoalexin, a flavanoid found in red wine) can directly scavenge ROS and modulate signaling pathways mediated via NF-κB and MAP kinase pathways, and upregulate glutathione biosynthesis gene via Nrf2 activation.They also downregulate expression of proinflammatory mediators, matrix metalloproteinases, adhesion molecules, and growth factor receptor genes by inhibiting histone acetyltransferase activity and activating histone deacetylase/sirtuins. Thus, these polyphenolic compounds have therapeutic value as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy against chronic inflammatory epigenetically regulated diseases.Reactive oxygen species play a key role in enhancing the inflammation through sustained activation and phosphorylation of MAP kinases and redox-sensitive transcription factors, such as NF-κB and AP-1, in various inflammatory diseases.1 Oxidative stress also alters nuclear histone acetylation and deacetylation (chromatin remodeling) leading to increased gene expression of proinflammatory mediators.2, 3 Recent studies from our laboratory show that oxidative stress enhances lung inflammation via expression of proinflammatory mediators through the activation of intrinsic histone acetyltransferase (HAT) activity of coactivator molecules.4-7 Increased histone acetylation was associated with increased activation of IκB kinase-α and interaction of NF-κB with CBP, leading to increased acetylation of RelA/p65 subunit of NF-κB.Oxidative stress also inhibits the activity of histone deacetylase (HDACs) (decreased HDAC2 levels), activates cells for NF-κB transactivation, and enhances inflammatory gene expression, which leads to chronic inflammatory response both in monocytes and epithelial cells in vitro, and in lungs in vivo.5 -7 Oxidative stress also plays a role in poor efficacy of corticosteroids in various chronic inflammatory diseases.2, 8 Thus, oxidative stress-mediated aberrant chromatin remodeling or histone modifications can lead to heightened abnormal inflammatory response.These changes, despite being heritable and stably maintained, are also potentially reversible; therefore, there is scope for the development of 'epigenetic therapies' for such diseases.However, there is no specific therapeutic agent currently available to effectively inhibit both oxidative stress and inflammatory responses in a variety of inflammatory conditions/ disorders.Polyphenols in food plants are a versatile group of phytochemicals with many potentially beneficial activities in terms of disease prevention.Dietary polyphenols (bioflavanoids) have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties that might explain their beneficial effects.
Splenorrhaphy: changing concepts for the traumatized spleen. (1979)

Established doctrine dictating splenectomy for the traumatized spleen has come under considerable critism since the report of fatal postsplenectomy sepsis by King and Shumacher in 1952. With expanding knowledge of immunologic and physiologic function, splenectomized persons have been proven at risk in different areas, but the most important impetus for splenic preservation has been the observation of overwhelming postsplenectomy sepsis. Several reports have confirmed this concern, with a documented increase in morbidity and death of splenectomized patients of 50 to 200 times the normal. Successful results with surgical repair of traumatized spleens have been reported, experimentally and clinically proving excellent healing capabilities. It is not uncommon to frequently find little if any active bleeding with such injuries; in fact, even significant bleeding can be controlled with splenic salvage. Several different techniques to accomplish this have been reported. These are reviewed, two new successful and previously unreported techniques are outlined in detail, and statistical information supporting the use of these techniques is presented.
A Straightforward and Robust Method for Introducing Human Hair as a Nucleant into High Throughput Crystallization Trials (2011)

Growing X-ray grade crystals of a specific protein is a process of trial and error. Usually, hundreds or even thousands of conditions are screened in order to identify useful crystallization conditions. Heterogeneous nucleants have been shown to increase the success rate of crystallization trials, and (human) hair has previously been identified as a promising nucleant. Here, we describe and evaluate a method for preparing crystallization plates that are locally coated with fragments of human hair, allowing automated, high-throughput crystallization trials in a fashion that is entirely compatible with standard hanging or sitting drop crystallization techniques. We assessed the effect of these nucleants on the crystallization of 11 different proteins in more than 4000 crystallization trials. We found additional crystallization conditions for 10 out of 11 proteins when using the standard JCSG+ screen (96 different conditions). In total, 34 additional crystallization conditions could be identified (13.1% of the total number of successful crystallizations). The increase in crystallization conditions ranged between 33.3% (two additional conditions were identified for myoglobin on top of four homogeneous crystallizations) to 1.2% (we identified a single additional condition for insulin, which crystallized in 85 out of 96 conditions); the median increase in crystallization hits was 14%. On the basis of these numbers, we conclude that the inclusion of human hair fragments in high throughput crystallization screens may be beneficial. The method is inexpensive, straightforward with standard equipment and uses materials available in any crystallization lab. Furthermore, initial experiments with the crystallization of membrane proteins on hair show the technique may also be beneficial for growing membrane proteins.
OFCDM based adaptive modulation with antenna array in fading channels (2004)

In this paper, a multilevel transmit power allocation (MTPA) for orthogonal frequency-code division multiplexing (OFCDM) based adaptive modulation system with antenna array is proposed in downlink slow fading channels. An efficient adaptive modulation scheme is proposed to guarantee a required quality of service (QoS) and to increase bandwidth efficiency with the total transmit power constraint. Regardless of channel and environment change, outer-loop control that can continuously maintain required QoS is also suggested. In the proposed system, modulation level and transmit power for each subcarrier is simultaneously controlled according to channel conditions to maximize transmitted bits per OFDM symbol while keeping both total transmit power and QoS constant. Computer simulation elucidates that our proposed system is effective in terms of throughput and QoS.
DECOR — tightly integrated Design Control and Observation (1992)

This paper presents DECOR, a configurable design flow management component for online monitoring and control of concurrent design processes. In addition, DECOR allows automatic activation of design actions. Since DECOR is tightly integrated into a framework lake a usual design tool, its approach is also applicable for other frameworks. DECOR allows to control encapsulated tools as well as tools that are tightly integrated into the framework. Manipulations of data objects with arbitra y granularity from files or directories down to single structures can be considered. DECOR relies on a formal model for the specification of design process behaviour. This is especially important for environment openness, since the effect of changes to an existing design process model due to environment extensions can only be assessed if the semantics of the specified design process is clearly defined.
Preparation of Phytate-Removed Deamidated Soybean Globulins by Ion Exchangers and Characterization of Their Calcium-Binding Ability (2001)

Phytate-removed deamidated soybean globulins were prepared using ion-exchange resins to provide them with a functional property to enhance calcium absorption in the body. The phosphorus level was reduced from 45 to 20 micromol/g using 0.05 g/mL of AE-4, an anion-exchange resin with a (2-hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium group, in 0.2% soybean globulin solution for 1 h at 4 degrees C, and 90-92% of the phosphorus in defatted soybeans could be removed. As for deamidation, CE-4, a cation-exchange resin of the carboxylate type, showed a much higher deamidation activity than CE-1 and CE-2, cation-exchange resins of the sulfonate type. No peptide bond hydrolysis was observed for any cation-exchange resin treated at 4 degrees C. There was no significant difference in the amount of acid amide deamidated at temperatures between 4 and 50 degrees C. The deamidation level was able to increase to 73% using 0.10 g/mL of CE-4 in a 0.2% soybean globulin solution for 6 h at 4 degrees C. The amount of calcium bound to the soybean globulins decreased with removal of the phytate but increased with deamidation.
Expression profiling of DNA repair genes in human oocytes and blastocysts using microarrays (2009)

Despite experimental limitations due to culture or freezing and thawing of samples, large numbers of repair genes were detected indicating that all DNA repair pathways are potentially functional in human oocytes and blastocysts. The higher mRNA level for most repair genes in oocytes compared with blastocysts ensures sufficient availability of template until embryonic genome activation.
The concept of īśvara or Brahman (2019)

Īśvara or Brahman has acquired a prominent place in the Hindu religion. God creates the whole universe and regulates it. The entire universe merges with him at the end of his creation. He is called as Trimūrti like Brahmā, viṣṇu, and śiva. But as per philosophy, he is described as the earth, water, and fire. Brahman is the formless picture of the supreme being. But Bhagavān is the real nature of complete truth. He is limitless of place, time and quality. He is free from all obstacles and resides in every human being. The supreme soul or Brahman is the origin of all vital principles and from him, the mind is originated and he is the origin of all sense organs. He is the eternal knowledge of all Vedas and the eternal self of all human beings
Design protection for WDM optical networks (1998)

With wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) networks the failure of a single link or component may cause the simultaneous failure of several optical channels, potentially making impossible restoration by rerouting directly in higher layers directly using the optical network (SDH, ATM, internal protocol (IP)). To address this, we introduce the concept of design protection, which aims at making such failure propagations impossible. We present the disjoint alternate path (DAP) algorithm which places optical channels in order to maximize design protection. We show the result on various network examples.
Essential tremor: diagnosis and management (2019)

Essential tremor is one of the most common movement disorders in adults and can affect both children and adults. An updated consensus statement in 2018 redefined essential tremor as an isolated action tremor present in bilateral upper extremities for at least three years. Tremor may also be present in other locations, commonly the neck or the vocal cords. Patients with additional neurologic symptoms are now categorized as "essential tremor plus." Additional clinical features associated with the condition include but are not limited to cognitive impairment, psychiatric disorders, and hearing loss. When treatment is needed, propranolol and primidone are considered first line treatments. Patients who are severely affected are often offered deep brain stimulation. Although the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus is the traditional surgical target, the caudal zona incerta is also being studied as a possible superior alternative. Magnetic resonance imaging guided high intensity focused ultrasound is a newer surgical alternative that may be ideal for patients with substantial medical comorbidities. Current research explores novel oral treatments, chemodenervation, and noninvasive neuromodulation for treatment of essential tremor.
Brachytherapy and breast cancer (1997)

Brachytherapy has been an important component of radiation therapy for breast cancer. It played a historical role in the development of breast-conserving techniques for early-stage breast cancer. The primary use for brachytherapy in this setting has been to deliver a localized boost dose of radiation to the lumpectomy bed after whole breast radiation therapy. In recent years, there has been less utilization of brachytherapy as a boost technique. This is predominantly related to wider availability of electrons for delivering a boost dose. Another significant factor for the decline is the controversy of whether routine boosting of the tumor bed is necessary for all early-stage breast cancer patients after conservative surgery and whole breast radiation therapy. Despite this, brachytherapy is still the preferred boost technique in certain subsets of patients. Newer applications of brachytherapy for the treatment of breast cancer have emerged and have shown promise. For early-stage breast cancer, these include brachytherapy as the sole radiation modality after lumpectomy and in combination with local excision as an alternative to mastectomy for treatment of local recurrences after conservative surgery and radiation therapy. In selected locally advanced cases of breast cancer, brachytherapy has been used as part of a technique that attempts breast conservation. At this time, these newer uses of brachytherapy for the treatment of breast cancer remain investigational.
Increased expression of CD23 in rheumatoid synovitis (2000)

Soluble CD23 is present in high levels in RA synovial fluid. Macrophages appear to be the principal source. Macrophages also express ligands for sCD23, and may therefore also be the targets of this potent pro-inflammatory molecule.
Human preferences for robot-human hand-over configurations (2011)

Handing over objects to humans is an essential capability for assistive robots. While there are infinite ways to hand an object, robots should be able to choose the one that is best for the human. In this paper we focus on choosing the robot and object configuration at which the transfer of the object occurs, i.e. the hand-over configuration. We advocate the incorporation of user preferences in choosing hand-over configurations. We present a user study in which we collect data on human preferences and a human-robot interaction experiment in which we compare hand-over configurations learned from human examples against configurations planned using a kinematic model of the human. We find that the learned configurations are preferred in terms of several criteria, however planned configurations provide better reachability. Additionally, we find that humans prefer hand-overs with default orientations of objects and we identify several latent variables about the robot's arm that capture significant human preferences. These findings point towards planners that can generate not only optimal but also preferable hand-over configurations for novel objects.
Removal of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide from injection water by a hydrocarbon gas cycling process (1968)

Equipment handling water containing relatively large quantities of carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide is susceptible to excessive corrosion that may attain conditions not economically controllable using corrosion inhibitors. One such extreme condition developed in a waterflood, where selective injection into multiple zones through common well bores necessitated annular injection that eliminated the feasibility of using downhole protective coatings. Severe tubing corrosion was observed and continued even after inhibitor treatment had been increased to as much as 72 ppm. This relatively expensive inhibitor program justified removing the corrosive constituents, hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide. A process developed for this purpose consisted of stripping these gases from the water by cycling sweetened hydrocarbon gas counter- current to the water flow in a contact tower. This treatment rendered the water quite suitable for use as injection water in bare tubing and casing with the addition of corrosion inhibitor in economical quantities.
BagNet: Berkeley Analog Generator with Layout Optimizer Boosted with Deep Neural Networks (2019)

The discrepancy between post-layout and schematic simulation results continues to widen in analog design due in part to the domination of layout parasitics. This paradigm shift is forcing designers to adopt design methodologies that seamlessly integrate layout effects into the standard design flow. Hence, any simulation-based optimization framework should take into account time-consuming post-layout simulation results. This work presents a learning framework that learns to reduce the number of simulations of evolutionary-based combinatorial optimizers, using a DNN that discriminates against generated samples, before running simulations. Using this approach, the discriminator achieves at least two orders of magnitude improvement on sample efficiency for several large circuit examples including an optical link receiver layout.
Multilevel registered polymeric Mach–Zehnder intensity modulator array (1993)

Described here is the first known demonstration of a registered two level guided wave polymeric electro-optic Mach–Zehnder intensity modulator array. The device consists of two complete vertically stacked levels. Both levels were independently poled and operated. There was no measurable optical or electrical cross talk due to a high resistivity thermoset polymer buffers layer employed. Fabrication and performance of the device is discussed.
Quasi-Reduced-State Soft-Output Viterbi Detector for Magnetic Recording Read Channel (2007)

Reduced-state trellis detection with decision feedback is widely used to reduce the energy consumption of trellis detectors, particularly for soft-output trellis detectors that are energy-hungry by nature. However, the decision feedback tends to increase the circuit critical path and, more important, makes it difficult to apply some well-proven high-speed trellis detector design techniques such as bit-level pipelining. This paper presents a method, referred to as quasi-reduced-state trellis detection, to tackle such speed bottlenecks. The basic idea is to simply obviate the use of decision feedback by mapping only the data storage block of the trellis detector onto a reduced-state trellis and keeping the trellis state metric computation on the original full-state trellis. This makes sense because the data storage block tends to dominate the overall energy consumption while the decision feedback is due to the reduced-state trellis metric computation. Therefore, it is intuitive that such quasi-reduced-state detectors may largely maintain the energy saving potentials of reduced-state trellis detection without being subject to decision-feedback-induced speed bottlenecks. We demonstrated the effectiveness of this proposed design method by using soft-output Viterbi algorithm (SOVA) detection for a magnetic recording read channel as a test vehicle.
Mechanisms of GABA and glycine depolarization‐induced calcium transients in rat dorsal horn neurons. (1994)

1. The mechanisms and effects of GABA- and glycine-evoked depolarization were studied in cultured rat dorsal horn neurons using indo-1 recordings of [Ca2+]i and patch clamp recordings in conventional whole-cell or perforated-patch mode. 2. Application of GABA to unclamped neurons caused [Ca2+]i increases that were dose dependent and exhibited GABAA receptor pharmacology. Calcium entered the neurons via high-threshold voltage-gated calcium channels (conotoxin and nimodipine sensitive). 3. In perforated-patch recordings employing cation-selective ionophores, GABAA receptor activation depolarized 123 of 132 cells to membrane potentials as depolarized as -33 mV (mean -50 mV in all 132 cells, +12 mV above resting potential). The ionic basis of the depolarization was determined by extracellular ion substitution; increased anionic conductance could account fully for the results. 4. Glycine, acting at a strychnine-sensitive receptor, also caused Ca2+ entry into these neurons through voltage-gated Ca2+ channels. Glycine and GABA both evoked [Ca2+]i responses in the same cells and the responses were highly correlated in amplitude. Glycine also depolarized all five cells tested with perforated recording. Each of the five cells was also depolarized by muscimol to a value similar to that obtained for glycine. 5. Both the depolarization and the increases in [Ca2+]i caused by GABA and glycine could potentially play a role in processes of development and differentiation and sensory transmission in the spinal cord dorsal horn.
Recepter-mediated signal transduction and egg activation (1993)

Egg activation at fertilisation is composed of a complex, choreographed series of events, the initiation of which still is not understood. Two major hypotheses have emerged as explanations for the mechanism of egg activation (reviewed by Nuccitelli, 1991; Whitaker & Swann, 1993). The first holds that the sperm delivers an ‘activating factor’ (e.g. inositol trisphosphate, calcium, or a protein) that diffuses into the egg cytoplasm after gamete fusion. The second hypothesis holds that sperm bind to receptors spanning the egg plasma membrane which then transduce a signal to second messenger enzymes. We present here the evidence for receptor-mediated signal transduction in egg activation at fertilisation. By ‘receptor’ we mean only molecules that bind an extra-membrane ligand and which transduce a signal to molecules residing on the cytoplasmic side of the egg membrane. It is critical to be aware that several alternative activating mechanisms are not mutually exclusive and that species differences may exist. In fact, as more has been learnt about the molecules involved in gamete recognition and binding and of the signalling pathways in the egg, it seems likely that multiple pathways exist to trigger complete egg activation.