gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Techniques to Reduce Thread-Level Speculation Overhead (2006)

The purpose of this study is to compare similarities and differences in the attitudes toward aging among college students from Taiwan and the United States; 128 Taiwanese students and 124 U.S. students participated in this study. The findings indicate that the majority of students from both countries viewed aging as consisting primarily of physical changes. The differences are the U.S. students' drawings showing physical decline along with hospitals, nursing homes, or death, whereas Taiwanese students presenting physical decline as getting wrinkles, wearing glasses, or needing aid devices. U.S. students associated aging with grandparents-grandchildren relationships, whereas more Taiwanese students thought aging related to spousal relationships. This study adds to the existing literature that demonstrates the strong influence of different cultures on students' attitudes toward aging. Further, knowledge derived from this study can be used in gerontology courses for both students and professors to lessen or correct ageist stereotypes over time.
Turbulent viscous drag reduction with thin-element riblets (1988)

Thin-element riblets for aircraft aerodynamic surface turbulent viscous drag reduction are presently found to be as effective as symmetric V-grooves in this role, while possessing a greater range of admissible spacings. The thin-element geometry shows the qualitatively predictable influence of independent riblet height and spacing variations. The evidence for more than one drag-reduction mechanism in thin-element riblets is found to be inconclusive.
DNA mismatch repair deficiency in sporadic colorectal cancer and Lynch syndrome (2009)

DNA mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency is one of the best understood forms of genetic instability in colorectal cancer (CRC), and is characterized by the loss of function of the MMR pathway. Failure to repair replication-associated errors due to a defective MMR system allows persistence of mismatch mutations all over the genome, but especially in regions of repetitive DNA known as microsatellites, giving rise to the phenomenon of microsatellite instability (MSI). A high frequency of instability at microsatellites (MSI-H) is the hallmark of the most common form of hereditary susceptibility to CRC, known as Lynch syndrome (LS) (previously known as hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndrome), but is also observed in approximately 15-20% of sporadic colonic cancers (and rarely in rectal cancers). Tumour analysis by both MMR protein immunohistochemistry and DNA testing for MSI is necessary to provide a comprehensive picture of molecular abnormality, for use in conjunction with family history data and other clinicopathological features, in order to distinguish LS from sporadic MMR-deficient CRC. Identification of the gene targets that become mutated in MMR-deficient tumours may explain, at least in part, some of the clinical, pathological and biological features of MSI-H CRCs and holds promise for developing novel therapeutics.
Convolutional Neural Network-Based Radar Antenna Scanning Period Recognition (2022)

The antenna scanning period (ASP) of radar is a crucial parameter in electronic warfare (EW) which is used in many applications, such as radar work pattern recognition and emitter recognition. For antennas of radars and EW systems, which perform scanning circularly, the method based on threshold measurement is invalid. To overcome this shortcoming, this study proposes a method using the convolutional neural network (CNN) to recognize the ASP of radar under the condition that antennas of the radar and EW system both scan circularly. A system model is constructed, and factors affecting the received signal power are analyzed. A CNN model for rapid and accurate ASP radar classification is developed. A large number of received signal time–power images of three separate ASPs are used for the training and testing of the developed model under different experimental conditions. Numerical experiment results and performance comparison demonstrate high classification accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed method in the condition that antennas of radar and EW system are circular scan, where the average recognition accuracy for radar ASP is at least 90% when the signal to-noise ratio (SNR) is not less than 30 dB, which is significantly higher than the recognition accuracy of NAC and AFT methods based on adaptive threshold detection.
Promiscuity of fibroblast growth factor receptors (1996)

Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFRs) have been implicated in many developmental and regenerative events, including axial organisation, mesodermal patterning, keratinocyte organisation and brain development. The consensus view that this reflects a role for one or other of the nine known members of the fibroblast growth factor family in these processes has recently been challenged by the suggestion that FGFRs might be directly activated by a much wider range of ligands, including heparan sulphate proteoglycans and neural cell adhesion molecules. In addition, two novel soluble ligands for FGFRs have been identified using yeast two-hybrid technology. Overall, the new findings suggest that in terms of ligand binding the FGFRs might be an even more promiscuous family of receptor tyrosine kinases than was already appreciated.
Broadband semitransparent dielectric reflectors with dispersion and absorption: design (1981)

The paper deals with the synthesis of dielectric multilayer systems that consist of materials with dispersion and absorption. Experience shows that for very good results, the dispersion of the refractive index and of the extinction coefficient should be introduced at the very beginning rather than in the final stages of the design. The numerical results quoted in this paper have been obtained with a previously developed method for the synthesis of broadband semitransparent reflectors that is based on the use of double layers. A new method for the synthesis of such systems, called the transient assemblies method, is also mentioned.
Stomach Cancer in Transgenic Mice Expressing Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Early Region Genes From a Keratin Promoter (1994)

Certain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) have been implicated as important contributory factors in the development of cervical carcinoma and other epithelial malignancies. In order to investigate the role of papillomavirus early gene expression in epithelial oncogenesis in vivo, we produced transgenic mice expressing HPV-16 early region genes from the promoter of the bovine keratin 6 gene. Spliced transcripts were detected in the tongue, forestomach, glandular stomach, female reproductive tract and tail skin of these mice. This expression was initially asymptomatic. However, at increasing frequency after approx. 100 days, solitary glands within the gastric mucosa became colonized with small dysplastic cells. Later this abnormal cell population spread within the glandular mucosa, invaded the submucosa and outer muscular wall of the stomach, and commonly metastasized to local lymph nodes and the liver. The appearance and staining characteristics of the tumours suggested their classification as malignant carcinoids, originating from the neuroendocrine enterochromaffin-like cells. Expression of HPV mRNAs was increased in the tumours, though it remained comparable to that in forestomach and tongue. The mean age at tumour presentation was 246 days in males and 352 days in females, all transgenic mice in eight independent lines were similarly susceptible. This study confirms the oncogenicity of HPV-16 early region genes, and establishes a model system in which to investigate mechanisms of malignant progression and possible therapeutic strategies for HPV-associated tumours.
Reactivity of 3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile: A facile synthesis of novel polysubstituted thiophenes (2000)

The reaction of 3-(benzothiazol-2-yl)-3-oxopropanenitrile 1 with active methylene reagents 2a–d and sulfur afforded polysubstituted thiophenes 3a–c . The synthetic potential of the β-enaminonitrile moiety in 3a was explored. The reaction of 3a with active methylene reagents 2a–e afforded thieno[2,3-b]pyridine derivatives 6–8. Refluxing of 3a with acetic anhydride alone, with acetic anhydride/pyridine mixture, or with carbon disulfide in pyridine afforded the acetamido 9, thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine 10, and pyrimidinedithiol 11 derivatives, respectively. The pyrimidinedithiol 11 was alkylated smoothly with methyl iodide to give the bis(methylthio) derivative 12. Also, compound 3a reacted with trichloroacetonitrile to give the thieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine derivative 14. Compound 3a reacted with triethyl orthoformate or formamide to give the ethoxymethylideneamino 15 and thieno[2,3-d]pyridine 16, respectively. Compound 15 reacted with hydrazine to afford thieno[2,3-d]pyridine 17, which reacted with various reagents such as chloroacetyl chloride, ethyl cyanoacetate, diethyl oxalate, or chloroethylformate to give 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5:1,6]pyrimidino-[4,5-b]thiophene derivatives 18a–c and 19, respectively. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Heteroatom Chem 11:94–101, 2000
New class of antifungal agents: jasplakinolide, a cyclodepsipeptide from the marine sponge, Jaspis species (1988)

Jasplakinolide is a cyclodepsipeptide which represents a new class of antifungal agents with potent activity against Candida albicans. Jasplakinolide is fungicidal against C. albicans with both a MIC and a minimum lethal concentration of 25 micrograms/ml in a broth dilution assay. This activity compares to that of the imidazole miconazole nitrate, which had a MIC of 6.2 micrograms/ml and a minimum lethal concentration of 50 micrograms/ml in the same assay. Topical administration of 2% jasplakinolide cream against a murine vaginal C. albicans infection was equivalent in efficacy to administration of miconazole nitrate at 2%. Subcutaneous administration of jasplakinolide was not effective against a systemic murine C. albicans infection.
Semantic 3D scene interpretation: A framework combining optimal neighborhood size selection with relevant features (2014)

Abstract. 3D scene analysis by automatically assigning 3D points a semantic label has become an issue of major interest in recent years. Whereas the tasks of feature extraction and classification have been in the focus of research, the idea of using only relevant and more distinctive features extracted from optimal 3D neighborhoods has only rarely been addressed in 3D lidar data processing. In this paper, we focus on the interleaved issue of extracting relevant, but not redundant features and increasing their distinctiveness by considering the respective optimal 3D neighborhood of each individual 3D point. We present a new, fully automatic and versatile framework consisting of four successive steps: (i) optimal neighborhood size selection, (ii) feature extraction, (iii) feature selection, and (iv) classification. In a detailed evaluation which involves 5 different neighborhood definitions, 21 features, 6 approaches for feature subset selection and 2 different classifiers, we demonstrate that optimal neighborhoods for individual 3D points significantly improve the results of scene interpretation and that the selection of adequate feature subsets may even further increase the quality of the derived results.
The social tradition in Australian women's poetry (1998)

Abstract Australian women poets have developed a tradition of social poetry, concerned in the main with public issues. In the early part of the nineteenth century, women such as Eliza Hamilton Dunlop and Fidelia Hill showed an awareness that their poetry contributed to nation-building, in particular, offering a female sensibility and humane values to a pioneering society. By the later part of the century, nationalism was accompanied by a strong socialist impulse in the work of poets such as Marie Pitt and Mary Gilmore. In this century, Judith Wright has been pre-eminent as a poet who speaks on public issues, campaigning for conservation and for Aboriginal land rights. While second wave feminism has encouraged women to experiment with form, they continue to display an interest in the social and political world.
Hydroxamic Acid Glucosyltransferases from Maize Seedlings (1989)

Hydroxamic acids occur in several forms in maize (Zea mays L.) with 2,4-dihydroxy-7-methoxy-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (DIMBOA) being the predominant form and others including 2,4-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoxazin-3-one (DIBOA) being found at lower concentrations. Two enzymes capable of glucosylating hydroxamic acids were identified in maize protein extracts and partially purified and characterized. The total enzyme activity per seedling increased during the first 4 days of germination and was concurrent with the accumulation of DIMBOA. Purification of the enzymes by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by Sephadex G-200 and Q-Sepharose gel chromatography resulted in a 13-fold increase in specific activity. The enzymes are initially separated into two peaks (peak 1 and peak 2) of activity by Q-Sepharose gel chromatography. The peak 1 glucosyltransferase had 3.6% of the DIMBOA glucosylating activity when DIBOA was used as substrate, whereas this percentage increased to 57% for the peak 2 enzyme. The enzyme in peak 2 has a K(m) of 174 micromolar for DIMBOA and a K(m) of 638 micromolar for DIBOA; the enzyme in peak 1 has a K(m) of 217 micromolar for DIMBOA and its activity on DIBOA was too low to determine a K(m). The identification of two glucosyltransferases capable of glucosylating hydroxamic acids in vitro serves as an initial step in the characterization of the enzymes involved in production of hydroxamic acids in maize.
Fissure sealing: optimization of sealant penetration and sealing properties. (2001)

Simple changes in the application technique of fissure sealants, such as ultrasonic treatment during etching procedure and drying the etched fissure system by acetone, improved the quality of the fissure sealing, which is a noninvasive preventive measure.
Exfoliated MoTe<inf>2</inf> field-effect transistor (2013)

Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD) are materials with the form MX <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> where M is a metal and X can be Se, S, or Te. These materials have covalent bonding within the layers and Van der Waals bonding between the layers [1]. Unlike graphene, the existence of a band gap eliminates the need to form nanoribbons for two-dimensional crystal tunnel field-effect transistors (TFETs). Among TMDs, molybdenum ditelluride MoTe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> has the lowest band gap (1 eV) which makes it highly suitable for TFET application. In this paper, we report the first fabrication and electrical characteristics of a MoTe <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</inf> FET, made on exfoliated multilayer crystals.
On the Waveform for 5G (2016)

In this article, an overview and an in-depth analysis of the most discussed 5G waveform candidates are presented. In addition to general requirements, the nature of each waveform is revealed including the motivation, the underlying methodology, and the associated advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, these waveform candidates are categorized and compared both qualitatively and quantitatively. By doing all these, the study in this work offers not only design guidelines but also operational suggestions for the 5G waveform.
Source-to-source compilation of loop programs for manycore processors (2013)

It is widely accepted today that the end of microprocessor performance growth based on increasing clock speeds and instruction-level parallelism (ILP) demands new ways of exploiting transistor densities. Manycore processors (most commonly known as GPGPUs or simply GPUs) provide a viable solution to this performance scaling bottleneck through large numbers of lightweight compute cores and memory hierarchies that rely primarily on software for their efficient utilization. The widespread proliferation of this class of architectures today is a clear indication that exposing and managing parallelism on a large scale as well as efficiently orchestrating on-chip data movement is becoming an increasingly critical concern for high-performance software development. In such a computing landscape performance portability -- the ability to exploit the power of a variety of manycore chips while minimizing the impact on software development and productivity -- is perhaps one of the most important and challenging objectives for our research community. This thesis is about performance portability for manycore processors and how source-to-source compilation can help us achieve it. In particular, we show that for an important set of loop-programs, performance portability is attainable at low cost through compile-time polyhedral analysis and optimization and parametric tiling for run-time performance tuning. In other words, we propose and evaluate a source-to-source compilation path that takes affine loop-programs as input and produces parametrically tiled parallel code amenable to run-time tuning across different manycore platforms and devices -- a very useful and powerful property if we seek performance portability because it decouples the compiler from the performance tuning process. The produced code relies on a platform-independent run-time environment, called Avelas, that allows us to formulate a robust and portable code generation algorithm. Our experimental evaluation shows that Avelas induces low run-time overhead and even substantial speed-ups for wavefront-parallel programs compared to a state-of-the-art compile-time scheme with no run-time support. We also claim that the low overhead of Avelas is a strong indication that it can also be effective as a general-purpose programming model for manycore processors as we demonstrate for a set of ParBoil benchmarks.
Enhanced Visible‐Light Photocatalytic Disinfection of Bacterial Spores by Palladium‐Modified Nitrogen‐Doped Titanium Oxide (2008)

Palladium‐modified nitrogen‐doped titanium oxide (TiON/PdO) nanofibers were synthesized by a sol–gel process on activated carbon‐coated glass fiber (ACGF) template. The TiON/PdO fiber was tested for visible‐light‐activated photocatalysis using Bacillus subtilis endospore as a target. Our work shows that TiON/PdO nanofibers display an effective antimicrobial effect on Bacillus spores. The palladium modification provides a strong enhancement over TiON in the photocatalytic disinfection. Microscopic characterization demonstrated that visible‐light photocatalysis on TiON/PdO fiber caused drastic damage on the spore coat and internal structure.
Unmixing chromophores in human skin with a 3D multispectral optoacoustic mesoscopy system (2016)

The absorption of visible light by human skin is governed by a number of natural chromophores: Eumelanin, pheomelanin, oxyhemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin are the major absorbers in the visible range in cutaneous tissue. Label-free quantification of these tissue chromophores is an important step of optoacoustic (photoacoustic) imaging towards clinical application, since it provides relevant information in diseases. In tumor cells, for instance, there are metabolic changes (Warburg effect) compared to healthy cells, leading to changes in oxygenation in the environment of tumors. In malignant melanoma changes in the absorption spectrum have been observed compared to the spectrum of nonmalignant nevi. So far, optoacoustic imaging has been applied to human skin mostly in single-wavelength mode, providing anatomical information but no functional information. In this work, we excited the tissue by a tunable laser source in the spectral range from 413-680 nm with a repetition rate of 50 Hz. The laser was operated in wavelengthsweep mode emitting consecutive pulses at various wavelengths that allowed for automatic co-registration of the multispectral datasets. The multispectral raster-scan optoacoustic mesoscopy (MSOM) system provides a lateral resolution of <60 μm independent of wavelength. Based on the known absorption spectra of melanin, oxyhemoglobin, and deoxyhemoglobin, three-dimensional absorption maps of all three absorbers were calculated from the multispectral dataset.
Comparison of the Properties of Regression and Categorical Risk-Adjustment Models (2016)

Clinical risk-adjustment, the ability to standardize the comparison of individuals with different health needs, is based upon 2 main alternative approaches: regression models and clinical categorical models. In this article, we examine the impact of the differences in the way these models are constructed on end user applications.
FGF12 (Fibroblast Growth Factor 12) Inhibits Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Remodeling in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension (2020)

Loss of BMP (bone morphogenic protein) signaling induces a phenotype switch of pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), which is the pathological basis of pulmonary vascular remodeling in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Here, we identified FGF12 (fibroblast growth factor 12) as a novel regulator of the BMP-induced phenotype change in PASMCs and elucidated its role in pulmonary vascular remodeling during PAH development. Using murine models of PAH and lung specimens of patients with PAH, we observed that FGF12 expression was significantly reduced in PASMCs. In human PASMCs, FGF12 expression was increased by canonical BMP signaling. <i>FGF12</i> knockdown blocked the antiproliferative and prodifferentiation effect of BMP on human PASMCs, suggesting that FGF12 is required for the BMP-mediated acquisition of the quiescent and differentiated PASMC phenotype. Mechanistically, FGF12 regulated the BMP-induced phenotype change by inducing MEF2a (myocyte enhancer factor 2a) phosphorylation via p38MAPK signaling, thereby modulating the expression of MEF2a target genes involved in cell proliferation and differentiation. Furthermore, we observed that TG (transgenic) mice with smooth muscle cell-specific <i>FGF12</i> overexpression were protected from chronic hypoxia-induced PAH development, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and right ventricular hypertrophy. Consistent with the in vitro data using human PASMCs, <i>FGF12</i> TG mice showed increased MEF2a phosphorylation and a substantial change in MEF2a target gene expression, compared with the WT (wild type) controls. Overall, our findings demonstrate a novel BMP/FGF12/MEF2a pathway regulating the PASMC phenotype switch and suggest FGF12 as a potential target for the development of therapeutics for ameliorating pulmonary vascular remodeling in PAH.
Investigation of High-Temperature CO<sub>2</sub> Capture by CaO in CaCl<sub>2</sub> Molten Salt (2013)

Modifications of CaO-based sorbents with various inorganic salts to overcome the degradation in the reactivity between the active material and CO2 in a carbon capture process have previously been evaluated. The present paper focuses on the performance of a novel CO2 capture technology, where CaCl2 is applied as the solvent for the dissolution/dispersion of CaO and CaCO3. CO2 capture by CaO was carried out with carbonation temperatures in the range of 770–830 °C by bubbling simulated flue gas through the melt, using a fully automated flow-through atmospheric pressure reactor. Subsequently, decomposition of the formed CaCO3 to CaO and CO2 was conducted at 910–950 °C using pure N2. Online gas analysis was performed using a Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) gas detector and gravimetric analysis. The results indicate that the CaO carbonation efficiency decreases at temperatures higher than 800 °C. Increasing the concentration of CaO enhances the carbonation reaction. The amount of CO2 uptake for 15 wt % CaO in calcium dichloride was 0.541 g of CO2/g of sorbent. Moreover, investigation of CO2 absorption/desorption by 5.32 wt % CaO in CaCl2 at 787 °C showed an increase in CaO reactivity, defined as the ratio between the real and theoretical CO2 sorption per unit of CaO, from 55.4 to 64.2% after 10 cycles. In all cases, the decarbonation process proceeded rapidly, reaching 100% efficiency.