gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Identification Method for Critical Nodes of Fault Propagation Based on Software Dynamic Execution Network (2019)

The propagation of faults in software can cause some functions to work incorrectly, and eventually leads to software failure. Identifying the critical nodes that have a massive impact on fault propagation in software, can help improve the design and optimize the structure of these nodes. At present, using complex network theories to analyze the software structure, and then identifying the critical nodes in software have become a new research hotspot. This paper proposes a method based on software dynamic execution network to identify the critical nodes of fault propagation. Firstly, we construct the software dynamic execution network and define the measure called “influence scope of propagation” to represent the critical level of nodes in software. Then, we select and combine some structure features possessing a strong correlation with the measure of “influence scope of propagatio”, and use the decision tree algorithm to construct the identification model for identifying the critical nodes. Finally, the validity of the identification method is verified by two instances.
Expression of <i>Frizzled5, Frizzled7,</i> and <i>Frizzled10</i> during early mouse development and interactions with canonical Wnt signaling (2007)

Wnt signaling has been shown to be important in the patterning of the gastrulating mouse embryo, especially in axis formation. To this date, there is no clear indication that the Wnt receptors, Frizzleds (Fzds), are involved in such early specification. Moreover, at the gastrulation stage, the only Fzd with a known characterized expression pattern is Fzd8, which is expressed in the anterior visceral endoderm (aVE) (Lu et al. [2004] Gene Expr Patterns 4:569-572). Following a real time RT-PCR study to evaluate Fzd expression in the gastrulating embryo, we used whole-mount in situ hybridization to reveal new expression domains for Fzd5, Fzd7, and Fzd10. Fzd5 is expressed in the aVE and Fzd7 expression is restricted to the epiblast of the gastrulating embryo. The expression pattern of Fzd10 in the primitive streak of the gastrula suggests it has a role in mesoderm induction. We also show that the purified, secreted forms of the extracellular cysteine-rich domains (CRDs) of FZD5, Fzd7, and Fzd8 can antagonize Wnt3a-induced beta-Catenin accumulation in L-cells, whereas in mouse embryonic stem cells, these CRDs can inhibit spontaneous mesoderm formation and promote neural differentiation. Our data demonstrate that Fzd5, Fzd7, and Fzd10 are expressed in distinct domains of the gastrulating embryo, and that the CRDs of FZD5, Fzd7, and Fzd8 can regulate Wnts, indicating that Fzds interpret Wnt signals during embryonic mesoderm and neural induction.
Placental exosome-mediated immune protection of the fetus: feeling groovy in a cloud of exosomes (2010)

Exosomes are nanosized membrane-bound microvesicles that originate from the endosomal compartment and convey cell–cell contact ‘by proxy’, transporting signals/packages of information between donor and recipient cells locally and/or at a distance. Exosomes are produced by a variety of immune, epithelial and tumor cells. Upon contact, exosomes transfer molecules that can render new properties and/or reprogram the recipient cells. Recently, it was discovered that the syncytiotrophoblast of human placenta continuously and constitutively secretes exosomes throughout pregnancy. These exosomes, delivered directly in the maternal blood surrounding the chorionic villi of the placenta, are immunosuppressive and pluripotent carrying proteins, mRNA and miRNA that can influence a number of biologic mechanisms and promote the fetal allograft survival. The current knowledge regarding placental exosomes and their role in pregnancy is summarized and discussed in this article.
Developmental changes in energy substrate use by the heart (1992)

Marked changes in intermediary metabolism occur during development of the heart. In the fetus, the heart utilises lactate and glucose as its main energy substrates, while in the adult, fatty acids are the main energy substrate. The transition from carbohydrate to fatty acid metabolism is a complex process which involves maturation of mitochondrial processes and dramatic changes in circulating levels of fatty acids and lactate. In addition, developmental changes in the use of energy substrates also involve changes in the regulation of the enzymes involved in both carbohydrate and fatty acid utilisation. This paper reviews these changes in intermediary metabolism which occur during myocardial development. The metabolic differences that exist between immature and adult hearts may explain the observed differences in the ability of immature hearts to withstand hypoxaemia or ischaemia.
Remote Sensing of Mare Serenitatis (1973)

An examination was made of earth based observations of optical color differences, infrared eclipse temperatures, and radar backscatter for Mare Serenitatis. Information is also included on orbital observations, physical properties of surface types, and correlation of surface types with geologic units. Differences in these remote observations are attributed to variations in chemical and minerological compositions.
The Angiogenic Inhibitor TNP‐470 Decreases Caloric Intake and Weight Gain in High‐Fat Fed Mice (2012)

The angiogenic inhibitor TNP-470 attenuates high-fat diet-induced obesity; however, it is not clear how the compound alters energy balance to prevent weight gain. Five-week-old C57BL/6J mice were fed high-fat diet (45% energy from fat) for 6.5 weeks and treated with TNP-470 (20 mg/kg body weight; n = 7) or vehicle (saline; n = 7). Control mice (n = 8) received standard chow and sham injection. TNP-470 mice initially gained weight, but by day 5 body weight was significantly less than high-fat fed (HFF) mice and not different from that of chow-fed mice, an effect maintained to the end of the study (28.6 ± 0.6 vs. 22.4 ± 0.6 and 22.2 ± 0.5 g). Percent body fat was reduced in TNP-470 compared to HFF mice, but was greater than that of chow mice (34.0 ± 1.5, 23.9 ± 1.5, and 17.0 ± 1.4%, P < 0.05). Food intake in TNP-470-treated mice was less (P < 0.05) than that in HFF mice by day 5 of treatment (2.5 ± 0.1 vs. 2.8 ± 0.1 g/mouse/day) and remained so to the end of the study. Twenty-four hours energy expenditure was greater (P < 0.05) in TNP-470 than HFF or chow mice (7.05 ± 0.07 vs. 6.69 ± 0.08 vs. 6.79 ± 0.09 kcal/kg/h), an effect not explained by a difference in energy expended in locomotion. Despite normalization of body weight, TNP-470 mice exhibited impaired glucose tolerance (area under the curve 30,556 ± 1,918 and 29,290 ± 1,584 vs. 24,421 ± 903 for TNP, HFF, and chow fed, P < 0.05). In summary, the angiogenic inhibitor TNP-470 attenuates weight gain in HFF mice via a reduction in caloric intake and an increase in energy expenditure.
Alternative fuels in medium-speed diesel engines. Volume II. Synthetic fuels, alcohol emulsions, off-specification fuels and methanol (1981)

This report describes the second year of research activity of an ongoing research, development and demonstration effort to investigate the use of alternative fuels in medium-speed diesel engines. The first year of the project (Phase I) is the subject of an earlier report available through NTIS. Tests were performed in laboratory medium-speed diesel engines to define the ability of these engines to operate on alternative fuels, the fuel property limits that the engines can tolerate, and the problems associated with alternative fuels use. Low cetane number and high viscosity petroleum fuels were tested to define the tolerance limits of these properties. Attempts were made to improve low cetane number fuel performance through minor engine modifications and adjustments. Also tested were alcohol-in-diesel fuel emulsions, synthetic fuels, and low proof ethanol. Both methanol and ethanol were consumed in stabilized and unstabilized emulsion forms. The synthetic fuels included a PARAHO shale oil marine diesel fuel, and solvent refined coal (SRC II) liquid fuel. The engines were capable of operating on all of these fuels, demonstrating their versatility. In the case of poor ignition quality fuels, dual-fueling provided a suitable ignition source. Performance and combustion characteristics were frequently equal to normal diesel fuel levels.
Carbon-free high-loading silicon anodes enabled by sulfide solid electrolytes (2021)

The development of silicon anodes for lithium-ion batteries has been largely impeded by poor interfacial stability against liquid electrolytes. Here, we enabled the stable operation of a 99.9 weight % microsilicon anode by using the interface passivating properties of sulfide solid electrolytes. Bulk and surface characterization, and quantification of interfacial components, showed that such an approach eliminates continuous interfacial growth and irreversible lithium losses. Microsilicon full cells were assembled and found to achieve high areal current density, wide operating temperature range, and high areal loadings for the different cells. The promising performance can be attributed to both the desirable interfacial property between microsilicon and sulfide electrolytes and the distinctive chemomechanical behavior of the lithium-silicon alloy.
1-(5-Isoquinolinesulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine Induces Apoptosis in Human Neuroblastoma Cells, SH-SY5Y, through a p53-dependent Pathway (1997)

We have studied the effect of 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine (H-7), a protein kinase inhibitor, on the regulation of apoptosis in the human neuroblastoma cell line, SH-SY5Y. H-7 (20-100 microM) induced apoptosis in these cells characterized by DNA fragmentation and chromatin condensation. Immunoblot analyses were performed with specific antibody against BCL-2, BCL-XS/L, BAX, JUNB, c-JUN, ICH-1L, c-FOS, RB, CDK-2, and p53. H-7 treatment did not significantly alter the level of these proteins with the exception of p53. H-7, but not staurosporine, caused a dramatic nuclear accumulation of p53. The kinetics of nuclear accumulation of p53 correlates well with the kinetics of induction of apoptosis. The effect of H-7 was further assessed in a group of human cell lines. Only cell lines harboring the wild-type p53 gene were responsive to the stimulatory effect of H-7 on nuclear accumulation of p53. Furthermore, cell lines carrying a mutated p53 gene were resistant to the cytotoxic effect of H-7. The ability of H-7 in mediating apoptosis in the SH-SY5Y line expressing a dominant negative mutant of p53 was significantly diminished. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that a p53-dependent mechanism contributes to the cytotoxicity of H-7 in human neuroblastoma cells.
The Synthesis of Germylsilane from Silane and Germane in a Silent Electric Discharge (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Synthesis of Germylsilane from Silane and Germane in a Silent Electric DischargeEdward J. Spanier and Alan G. MacDiarmidCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1963, 2, 1, 215–216Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50005a055https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50005a055research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Constituents of Leaves of Uncaria Hirsuta Haviland (1994)

Abstract Nine compounds, ursolic acid (1), β‐sitosteryl glucoside (2), umbelliferone (3), uncarine‐A (4), chlorogenic acid (5), rutin (6), neohesperidin (7), quercitrin (8)and afzelin (9) were isolated and characterized from fresh leaves of Uncaria hirsuta . Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods. Among them, uroslic acid (I) exhibited a cytotoxic principle of this plant.
Drosophila Nanos acts as a molecular clamp that modulates the RNA-binding and repression activities of Pumilio (2016)

Collaboration among the multitude of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) is ubiquitous, yet our understanding of these key regulatory complexes has been limited to single RBPs. We investigated combinatorial translational regulation by Drosophila Pumilio (Pum) and Nanos (Nos), which control development, fertility, and neuronal functions. Our results show how the specificity of one RBP (Pum) is modulated by cooperative RNA recognition with a second RBP (Nos) to synergistically repress mRNAs. Crystal structures of Nos-Pum-RNA complexes reveal that Nos embraces Pum and RNA, contributes sequence-specific contacts, and increases Pum RNA-binding affinity. Nos shifts the recognition sequence and promotes repression complex formation on mRNAs that are not stably bound by Pum alone, explaining the preponderance of sub-optimal Pum sites regulated in vivo. Our results illuminate the molecular mechanism of a regulatory switch controlling crucial gene expression programs, and provide a framework for understanding how the partnering of RBPs evokes changes in binding specificity that underlie regulatory network dynamics.
Activation of Symbiosis Signaling by Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Legumes and Rice (2015)

Establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal interactions involves plant recognition of diffusible signals from the fungus, including lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) and chitooligosaccharides (COs). Nitrogen-fixing rhizobial bacteria that associate with leguminous plants also signal to their hosts via LCOs, the so-called Nod factors. Here, we have assessed the induction of symbiotic signaling by the arbuscular mycorrhizal (Myc) fungal-produced LCOs and COs in legumes and rice (Oryza sativa). We show that Myc-LCOs and tetra-acetyl chitotetraose (CO4) activate the common symbiosis signaling pathway, with resultant calcium oscillations in root epidermal cells of Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus. The nature of the calcium oscillations is similar for LCOs produced by rhizobial bacteria and by mycorrhizal fungi; however, Myc-LCOs activate distinct gene expression. Calcium oscillations were activated in rice atrichoblasts by CO4, but not the Myc-LCOs, whereas a mix of CO4 and Myc-LCOs activated calcium oscillations in rice trichoblasts. In contrast, stimulation of lateral root emergence occurred following treatment with Myc-LCOs, but not CO4, in M. truncatula, whereas both Myc-LCOs and CO4 were active in rice. Our work indicates that legumes and non-legumes differ in their perception of Myc-LCO and CO signals, suggesting that different plant species respond to different components in the mix of signals produced by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi.
Tunable light source using a liquid-crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer (1991)

A tunable light source with a liquid-crystal Fabry-Perot interferometer (LC-FPI) tuning element that emits a laser beam with a tuning range of 41 nm has been constructed. Incorporating a multiple quantum well (MQW) laser diode with a phase control (PC) section enables the selection of almost all external modes. Stable single-mode emission is obtained for the region, except where the slope of the lasing wavelength versus applied voltage to the liquid crystal is quite large.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Privacy-Preserving Statistical Analysis by Exact Logistic Regression (2015)

Logistic regression is the method of choice in most genome-wide association studies (GWAS). Due to the heavy cost of performing iterative parameter updates when training such a model, existing methods have prohibitive communication and computational complexities that make them unpractical for real-life usage. We propose a new sampling-based secure protocol to compute exact statistics, that requires a constant number of communication rounds and a much lower number of computations. The publicly available implementation of our protocol (and its many optional optimisations adapted to different security scenarios) can, in a matter of hours, perform statistical testing of over 600 SNP variables across thousands of patients while accounting for potential confounding factors in the clinical data.
Probabilistic Approaches for Answer Selection in Multilingual Question Answering (2007)

question answering To my family for love and support. iv Question answering (QA) aims at finding exact answers to a user’s natural language question from a large collection of documents. Most QA systems combine information retrieval with extraction techniques to identify a set of likely candidates and then utilize some selection strategy to generate the final answers. This selection process can be very challenging, as it often entails ranking the relevant answers to the top positions. To address this challenge, many QA systems have incorporated semantic resources for answer ranking in a single language. However, there has been little research on a generalized probabilistic framework that models the correctness and correlation of answer candidates for multiple languages. In this thesis, we propose two probabilistic models for answer ranking:
Nonlinear optical chromophores with isoquinolines, thieno[2,3-c]pyridines and 2-(2′-thienyl)pyridines as inherently polarized π-electron bridges (1998)

The synthesis and first hyperpolarizabilities of a series of isoquinolines and isoquinolinium salts, and also thienopyridines, thienylpyridines, and the corresponding pyridinium salts, determined by hyper-Rayleigh scattering in solution at 1064 and 1300 nm, are reported. These chromophores exhibit markedly high β values. Some of them show absorption maxima well below 400 nm, enabling their use in blue transparent frequency doubling devices. We have performed X-ray structure analyses for thienopyridines 13a,c.
New technology for high throughput THz BioMEMS (2006)

We propose a new technology for high throughput bioMEMS based on a mixed technology polymer on silicon. This technology is compatible with microelectronic processes, the electromagnetic propagation, the microfluidic circulation and the biological solutions. We use a new process and a new polymer deposited by a "cold" plasma technique. We can use it for a surface functionalization or for the encapsulation with plasma assisted wafer bonding.
On the Characteristics of Form Factors (Series 60, C B =0.60) (1988)

The Resistance Committee of Korea Towing Tank Conference extended the Cooperative Experimental Study Program(1985)[1] to perform the geosim tests by exchanging the five different scaled Series 60, models between the participating organizations and 13 sets of resistance data have been obtained. The test results are compared among the participating towing tanks and also with the results given in the report of the Resistance and Flow Com-identify the mittee of 18th ITTC. The form factor of each model is derived by Prohaska's method to investigate its dependency on . On the other hand, at each , form factors are also derived by Telfer's method to relation between and form factor. For this hull form, form factors show relatively weak dependency on and strong dependency on . And it is also found that dependencies on both have a cross relation. It seems that further study should be continued to understand more clearly the physical phenomena involved in this problem.
Temporal, Spatial and Tissue-Specific Expression of a Myogenin- <i>lacZ</i> Transgene Targeted to the <i>Hprt</i> Locus in Mice (1999)

A lacZ transgene, expressed by the myogenin promoter, was introduced into the mouse hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase (Hprt) locus by gene targeting in embryonic stem cells. Embryos between E10.5-E18.5 days were analyzed for expression of the transgene after staining for beta-galactosidase activity. Transgene expression was restricted to the skeletal muscle lineages reflecting a similar temporal and spatial pattern previously demonstrated for the endogenous myogenin gene. Additionally, a second transgene, MC1tk, showed expression in 87% of the clones when targeted to Hprt. This strategy, called targeted transgenesis, provides control for analyzing promoter sequences and for comparing various transgenes expressed by the same promoter.
Anaerobic Culture Method with Steel Wool (1962)

1) ParkerのIron woolによる嫌気性培養法を国産のSteel woolで代替することを試み良好な成績を得た。2) 至適条件はJarの内容積3l当りSteel wool 10gをとり硫酸でpH 1.5にした0.08% Tween 80または糖エステルを含む1.2%硫酸銅溶液500mlにひたし, 脱色完了後Steel woolをJarに移し密閉して培養する。3) この法で試験した病原性Clostridiumのすべて, L. bifidus, Veillonella alcalescens等がよく発育したが, ルーメン菌の分離には同一組成のCO2を封入したRolled tube法には劣つた, 併しながらこの方法で現在まで知られたその他の方法で行なう嫌気性平板養法と同等あるいはそれ代上の成績が得られると考えられる。
A sub-ns response fully integrated battery-connected switched-capacitor voltage regulator delivering 0.19W/mm<sup>2</sup> at 73% efficiency (2013)

Lithium-ion batteries are the dominant power source in mobile devices. However, while the supply voltage required for processors and SoCs has scaled down to ~1V, the voltage range of this popular battery remains ~2.9V-4.2V (nominally ~3.6V). To bridge this voltage difference, off-chip power management ICs are typically required. Despite their high efficiency, supporting many independent, high-current supplies to e.g. a multi-core SoC is extremely challenging due to cost, area, and supply impedance concerns associated with board and package level parasitics. There is hence strong motivation for efficient, fully integrated voltage regulators (IVRs) that interface directly with the battery while supporting multiple separate on-chip supply.
Favipiravir at high doses has potent antiviral activity in SARS-CoV-2−infected hamsters, whereas hydroxychloroquine lacks activity (2020)

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rapidly spread around the globe after its emergence in Wuhan in December 2019. With no specific therapeutic and prophylactic options available, the virus has infected millions of people of which more than half a million succumbed to the viral disease, COVID-19. The urgent need for an effective treatment together with a lack of small animal infection models has led to clinical trials using repurposed drugs without preclinical evidence of their in vivo efficacy. We established an infection model in Syrian hamsters to evaluate the efficacy of small molecules on both infection and transmission. Treatment of SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters with a low dose of favipiravir or hydroxychloroquine with(out) azithromycin resulted in, respectively, a mild or no reduction in virus levels. However, high doses of favipiravir significantly reduced infectious virus titers in the lungs and markedly improved lung histopathology. Moreover, a high dose of favipiravir decreased virus transmission by direct contact, whereas hydroxychloroquine failed as prophylaxis. Pharmacokinetic modeling of hydroxychloroquine suggested that the total lung exposure to the drug did not cause the failure. Our data on hydroxychloroquine (together with previous reports in macaques and ferrets) thus provide no scientific basis for the use of this drug in COVID-19 patients. In contrast, the results with favipiravir demonstrate that an antiviral drug at nontoxic doses exhibits a marked protective effect against SARS-CoV-2 in a small animal model. Clinical studies are required to assess whether a similar antiviral effect is achievable in humans without toxic effects.