gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemical Evidence for the Structure of the “Diammoniate of Diborane.” IV. The Reaction of Sodium with Lewis Acids in Liquid Ammonia (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTChemical Evidence for the Structure of the "Diammoniate of Diborane." IV. The Reaction of Sodium with Lewis Acids in Liquid AmmoniaR. W. Parry and S. G. ShoreCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 1, 15–20Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01534a005https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01534a005research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views243Altmetric-Citations38LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Velocity measurement by symbiotic combination of conventional and coherent Doppler sonars (2013)

Pulse-to-Pulse coherent Doppler sonar has the advantages of quick-response and high accuracy when compared with the conventional Doppler sonar and has become widely used in laboratories and for commercial products. However, this system has the limited range and ambiguity velocity, which limits more general applications. Multi-frequency and dual time intervals have been proposed to enlarge the ambiguity velocity, but it is still in adequate. Conventional Doppler sonar has no ambiguity velocity and its velocity range is virtually unlimited as we had expected, but the accuracy of conventional Doppler sonar is not good with short time lags. In this paper, the symbiotic combination method is introduced to take advantage of both conventional and coherent Doppler sonar. The symbiotic combination method can provide accurate velocity without ambiguity velocity and has a much shorter time lag compared to the conventional method. A simulation using symbiotic combination method was carried out with different SNR, and the results indicate that this method can be used to provide highly accurate velocity information with a short time lag.
Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cell Culture (2011)

Human vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) in culture are an important tool in understanding how VSMCs function and contribute to vessel wall contraction as well as disease. In this chapter, we describe methodologies that enable the investigator to culture large numbers of proliferative VSMCs. These VSMCs are heterogeneous and vary in size, shape, and proliferative capacity depending on the disease state and location of the vessel of origin. Therefore, we also describe techniques to validate their identity as bone fide VSMCs. Briefly, the methods include information on how to dissect the blood vessel to remove the medial layer containing VSMCs, as well as methods on how to propagate these cells, by either allowing VSMCs to migrate from the explanted medial tissue or by enzymatically dispersing the cells from the tissue. Both methods are suitable for culturing VSMCs derived from most vessel types with modifications of the enzyme dispersal method suitable for the isolation of microvessel VSMCs. An important feature of VSMCs in culture is that they lose many of their in vivo contractile properties and so model disease-associated VSMCs in the vessel wall rather than a non-proliferative contractile cell. To overcome this limitation, we also describe alternate methods that enable the study of cultured VSMCs in their contractile state by allowing the VSMCs to remain within an intact vessel ring. Overall, these procedures enable the investigator to undertake a diverse array of experimental assays on cultured VSMCs.
Age Difference in the Pattern of Growth Response to the Change in the Dietary Energy and Protein Levels (1969)

Total 1, 320 one-day-old chicks of 4 pure- and 4 cross-brees were used in 8 experiments, in which chicks were divided into 9 lots and fed one of the 9 experimental chick starter diets for 4 weeks and one of 9 experimental chick finisher diets for another 4 or 6 weeks. The starter diets contained one of the 9 combinations of 3 levels of dietary total digestible nutrients (TDN), i.e., 83, 73 and 63%, and of 3 levels of dietary protein, 26, 22 ane 18%. The finisher diet contained the same level of energy as but 2% lower protein than those of the corresponding starter diet.Individual body weight and feed intake as a group were measured once a week, but only the data at 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of age were analyzed statistically. The following conclusions were obtained:Growth responses of the chicks of all the breeds tested at 4, 6, 8 and 10 weeks of age to the change in dietary energy and protein levels were described well by surface of elliptic paraboloids, which were given by quadratic equations (1)-(8).Based on the response pattern of body weight gain, 8 breeds tested were grouped into 2. One was meat-type breed, whose characteristic was to have sharper response to the change in dietary energy and protein levels than the responses of the other group, eggtype breed. White Cornishes (WC), White Plymouth Rocks (WR), WC×WR, WC×NH (New Hampshires), and WC×WL were included in the meat-type. White Leghrons (WL), Barred Plymouth Rocks (BR) and WL×BR were grouped into egg-type.Actually no breed difference was observed at various ages on elliptic paraboloid response pattern of body weight gain per unit feed intake, i.e., feed efficiency. The finding suggested that the apparent breed difference in the response pattern of body weight gain itself could be attributable to the difference in the ability to take condensed diet among the breeds of chicks.Partially differenciating the elliptic paraboloid equations, it was estimated that the dietary protein level to get maximum response with a certain dietary energy level was about 24-26% at 4 weeks of age and about 22-24% at ages older than 4 weeks. It was suggested that the optimum dietary protein level could be cut down by 2% after 4 weeks age.
3'-(p-azidobenzamido)taxol photolabels the N-terminal 31 amino acids of beta-tubulin. (1994)

Taxol possesses an unusual chemical structure, a unique mechanism of action, and demonstrated activity in human malignancies. It is the only antitumor agent that has a binding site on the microtubule polymer. The interaction of Taxol with the microtubule polymer results in the formation of stable bundles of cellular microtubules that are resistant to depolymerization. Although it has become evident that the microtubule, specifically beta-tubulin, is the target for Taxol, no information is available on the binding site for the drug. In this report, we demonstrate that 3'-(p-azidobenzamido)taxol, an analogue with similar biological activities as Taxol, covalently binds to the N-terminal domain of beta-tubulin after irradiation of the microtubule-drug complex. Taxol competes with [3H]3'-(p-azidobenzamido)-taxol binding, suggesting that the photoaffinity analog and Taxol are binding at the same or overlapping sites. Formic acid cleavage of [3H]3'-(p-azidobenzamido)-taxol-photolabeled beta-tubulin and subsequent protein sequence and mass analyses have identified the N-terminal 31 amino acids as the major site for [3H]3'-(p-azidobenzamido)taxol photoincorporation.
A dynamic space division multiplex mobile radio system (1970)

The dispersed array mobile radio system represents a radical new approach to the problem of spectrum congestion in the land-mobile radio service. This new approach provides a very substantial improvement in spectrum utilization over the present mode of operation and at a cost to the user of about 20 percent less. Spectrum efficiency is achieved by a dynamic combination of space, time, and frequency diversity. Cost reduction is achieved because the mobile radio unit is a compact low-power short-range all solid-state transceiver.
The Use of Meteorological Data in the Prediction of Tropical Cyclones (1985)

Abstract Recent studies have shown that the ability to forecast tropical cyclone motion and intensity has not improved significantly over the past decade, in spite of apparent advances in the statistical and dynamical modeling of the motion- and intensity-change processes. This static situation has focused attention on the meteorological data and analysis techniques that provide input to these models. The quality and quantity of data have apparently not kept pace with the modeling efforts; in fact, increased sophistication in modeling alone may be counterproductive. Steps are being taken in the meteorological community to correct this problem. This study examines the entire data problem, discusses the remedial measures being taken, and points out some of the pitfalls in the statistical use of meteorological data.
Lipoprotein e(P4) is essential for hemin uptake by Haemophilus influenzae. (1996)

Heme uptake is a common means of iron and porphyrin acquisition by many pathogenic bacteria. The genus Haemophilus includes several important pathogenic bacterial species that characteristically require hemin-, protoporphyrin-, or heme-substituted proteins as essential growth factors under aerobic conditions. However, the mechanism of heme transport is not understood for Haemophilus. We have cloned a DNA fragment from H. influenzae that allows an Escherichia coli hemA mutant to employ exogenous hemin or protoporphyrin IX as sole sources of porphyrin. DNA sequencing of the cloned DNA fragment suggested that a previously characterized gene (hel) encoding an antigenic, outer membrane lipoprotein e(P4) was responsible for the complementation activity. Construction of hel insertion mutations in strain H. influenzae Rd demonstrated that hel is essential for growth under aerobic conditions but not under anaerobic conditions. The aerobic growth defect of hel mutants could be reversed by providing exogenous hemin in the presence of outer membrane. The analysis of hybrids between e(P4) and beta-lactamase demonstrated that a domain of e(P4) near its NH2' terminus was required for its function in hemin use. Within this domain is a short amino acid sequence that displays similarity to H. influenzae hemin binding protein HbpA, hemin-binding motifs present in eukaryotic transcription activator heme-activated protein, and the heme containing proteins hemoglobin (alpha-chain) and cytochrome C3, suggesting that this region may be involved in hemin binding and/or transport.
The next generation of command line interfaces (2002)

The move to WIMPS interfaces has delivered excellent models and interfaces for simple operations on personal computers. Unfortunately, this has not been matched by the development of models and interfaces for the operations required in more complex systems, traditionally provided by applications such as the "csh," and more recently AppleScript. We introduce and demonstrate the use of the Prograph system, together with a sample of suitable utilities, as the appropriate tool for shell-type operations in a WIMPS environment.
Space-time iterative MMSE multiuser detection in frequency selective coded CDMA wireless mobile channels (2003)

Iterative multiuser detection in coded CDMA uplink channels is based on the iterative exchange of soft information between a (multiuser) demodulator and a bank of single-user soft decoders to mutually benefit them. From a practical perspective, using the MMSE multiuser interference suppressor for demodulation yields good performance over a wide range of received signal powers. However, the progressively increasing correlation between estimates (with an increasing number of iterations) limits the improvement that can be obtained via further iterations, implying that the suboptimality of the MMSE demodulator plays a role in the performance levels that can be achieved. An immediate enhancement of the demodulator's performance is obtained by introducing multiple sensors at the receiver; the resulting space-time demodulator now operates on received signal mixtures with components whose spatial separation is accounted for, by virtue of their different directions of arrival. Since this separation is limited in practice, by restrictions on sensor count, array geometry, and the receiver's inability to control arrival directions, a multisensor block modulation scheme is proposed. This scheme transmits cyclically block-shifted versions of bit sequences from additional sensors using different random spreading sequences, and exploits the variation in the channel response between various transmission instances of a given bit. An iterative multiuser channel state estimator is also developed. Performance studies indicate significant reductions in the decoded bit error rate-up to that of a single user at moderately low received signal powers-and hence vastly increased spectral efficiencies.
Teletext (1988)

In chapter 2 it was shown how under-utilised parts of the frequency spectrum of the monochrome composite video signal are employed to create a compatible colour signal. In this chapter another aspect of the way in which systems can be developed to maximise the use of a particular communications channel — that of teletext — will be described.
DNA Cleavage by 4-Alkynyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxycyclobutenones (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDNA Cleavage by 4-Alkynyl-3-methoxy-4-hydroxycyclobutenonesRobert W. Sullivan, Vincent M. Coghlan, Stephen A. Munk, Harold W. Moore, and Michael W. ReedCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1994, 59, 9, 2276–2278Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00088a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00088a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views182Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
A gene fusion that localises the penicillin‐binding domain of penicillin‐binding protein 3 of <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1984)

A gene fusion that links the COOH-terminal 349 amino acids of penicillin-binding protein 3 (60 kDa) of E. coli to the NH2-terminus of beta-galactosidase has been constructed. The fusion protein (38.5 kDa) retains the ability to bind benzylpenicillin with high affinity, establishing that the penicillin-binding domain (and presumably the penicillin-sensitive transpeptidase activity) of this high molecular mass penicillin-binding protein is located on a COOH-terminal functional domain.
Evaluation of power converters to implement bipolar DC active distribution networks &#x2014; DC-DC converters (2011)

The configuration of power converters in future bipolar dc active distribution networks influences the electrical functions in such networks and their overall conversion efficiency. In this context, the dc-dc converters that are employed to balance the dc feeder voltages and/or balance its transmitted powers are key elements in such systems. This work addresses different dc-dc converter topologies that can be employed to implement bipolar dc networks. The semiconductor efforts and losses for each converter topology are evaluated and the functions that such converters are able to perform are discussed aiming to compare the devices. Furthermore, the application of two converter topologies and proper modulation schemes is proposed for the functions of voltage balancing and current redistribution.
Alternative Heterojunction Partners for CIS-Based Solar Cells; Final Report: 1 January 1998--31 August 2001 (2003)

This report summaries work carried out in three areas: CIGSS cells based on ZnO buffer layers, cells with ZnS buffer layers, and general studies of the effects of buffer layers on device performance. These investigations were conducted mainly with CIGSS substrates provided by Siemens Solar Industries. ZnO buffer layers were grown by MOCVD and ZnS layers were deposited by chemical-bath deposition. Active-area efficiencies of 13.4% and 12.8% were achieved for cells based on ZnO and ZnS buffer layers, respectively.
An Improved Probabilistic Neural Network Model for Directional Prediction of a Stock Market Index (2019)

Financial market prediction attracts immense interest among researchers nowadays due to rapid increase in the investments of financial markets in the last few decades. The stock market is one of the leading financial markets due to importance and interest of many stakeholders. With the development of machine learning techniques, the financial industry thrived with the enhancement of the forecasting ability. Probabilistic neural network (PNN) is a promising machine learning technique which can be used to forecast financial markets with a higher accuracy. A major limitation of PNN is the assumption of Gaussian distribution as the distribution of input variables which is violated with respect to financial data. The main objective of this study is to improve the standard PNN by incorporating a proper multivariate distribution as the joint distribution of input variables and addressing the multi-class imbalanced problem persisting in the directional prediction of the stock market. This model building process is illustrated and tested with daily close prices of three stock market indices: AORD, GSPC and ASPI and related financial market indices. Results proved that scaled t distribution with location, scale and shape parameters can be used as more suitable distribution for financial return series. Global optimization methods are more appropriate to estimate better parameters of multivariate distributions. The global optimization technique used in this study is capable of estimating parameters with considerably high dimensional multivariate distributions. The proposed PNN model, which considers multivariate scaled t distribution as the joint distribution of input variables, exhibits better performance than the standard PNN model. The ensemble technique: multi-class undersampling based bagging (MCUB) was introduced to handle class imbalanced problem in PNNs is capable enough to resolve multi-class imbalanced problem persisting in both standard and proposed PNNs. Final model proposed in the study with proposed PNN and proposed MCUB technique is competent in forecasting the direction of a given stock market index with higher accuracy, which helps stakeholders of stock markets make accurate decisions.
Methods to Evaluate the Length and Curvature of Carbon Nanotubes (2009)

多層カーボンナノチューブ(Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes, MWCNT)は結晶構造および形態(長さ，長さ分布，直線性)が多種多様であり，それらの特徴に合った用途開発が期待されている．そのため，それら形態的特徴を評価する標準化手法が大切である．従来分散しやすい気相成長炭素繊維(Vapor Grown Carbon Fibers, VGCF)では長さ測定評価されているが，MWCNT では分散しにくく報告されていない．ここでは粉体状態で MWCNT と同じように塊の硬いカップ積層型カーボンナノチューブ(Cup-Stacked Carbon Nanotubes, CSCNT)を用い，分散はしつつも切断がおこらない条件を検討し，長さ測定，長さ分布評価を行った．またさまざまな曲線を有する MWCNT の直線率(Linearity Parameter, Lp)を，定性的な数値で評価する方法を提案し，形態についての評価手法を検討した．本研究で用いた CSCNT の形態は数平均長さ(Ln)4.8 μm，重量平均長さ(Lw)9.6 μm，長さ分布(Lw/Ln)2.0，直線率(Lp)0.93 であった．
Millimeter-Wave Transition From Waveguide to Two Microstrip Lines Using Rectangular Patch Element (2007)

A millimeter-wave transition from a waveguide to two microstrip lines and the design methodology are proposed. A rectangular patch element in a short-terminated waveguide is analyzed by the cavity model of a patch antenna and the dyadic Green's function of the waveguide. The analysis points out that the rectangular patch element has an optimum width for wideband, which only has the function of the broad wall width of the waveguide. The transition also works as a divider. A numerical investigation of a transition having two microstrip lines validates the analytical model in terms of wideband, and indicates that the distance between the two microstrip lines has an optimum length for suppressing higher order modes. A prototype transition exhibits an insertion loss of 0.5 dB from 76 to 77 GHz, and a bandwidth of 6.9% (5.29 GHz) for the reflection coefficient below -15 dB for the waveguide port
Some imaging strategies in multi-angle spatial compounding (2002)

Multi-angle compound images were generated with four schemes: mean, median, root-mean-square and geometric mean. The in vitro images, based on formalin fixed porcine tissue, were analyzed by visual inspection and by calculation of speckle contrast and contrast between different tissues. The mean and rms images featured the largest enhancement of distributed specular reflections. The median image appears somewhat noisy. However, the quantitative analysis did not indicate large differences between the images.
Virtual-Impedance-Based Control for Voltage-Source and Current-Source Converters (2014)

The virtual impedance concept is increasingly used for the control of power electronic systems. Generally, the virtual impedance loop can either be embedded as an additional degree of freedom for active stabilization and disturbance rejection, or be employed as a command reference generator for the converters to provide ancillary services. This paper presents an overview of the virtual-impedance-based control strategies for voltage-source and current-source converters. The control output impedance shaping attained by the virtual impedances is generalized first using the impedance-based models. Different virtual impedances and their implementation issues are then discussed. A number of practical examples are demonstrated to illustrate the feasibility of virtual impedances. Emerging applications and future trends of virtual impedances in power electronic systems conclude this paper.
Rapid Joining between Different Polymers Homogeneously Irradiated by Electron Beam (2008)

Joining between Nylon-film and Silicone-rubber was successfully developed by using homogeneous EB irradiation. Effects of electron beam (EB) irradiation on joining strength of different polymers without adhesive materials were investigated. Although excess EB-irradiation more than 300 kJ kg-1(kGy) apparently decreased the joining strength, the EB irradiation increased the joining strength of the joining sample between Nylon-film and Silicone-rubber. To discuss the influences of EB irradiation on the joining strength, electron spin resonance (ESR) signals related to dangling bonds were observed. Since EB irradiation generated dangling bonds on Nylon-film, dangling bonds probably supported the each other polymer at interface.