gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elucidation of Diels–Alder Reaction Network of 2,5-Dimethylfuran and Ethylene on HY Zeolite Catalyst (2012)

The reaction of 2,5-dimethylfuran and ethylene to produce p-xylene represents a potentially important route for the conversion of biomass to high-value organic chemicals. Current preparation methods suffer from low selectivity and produce a number of byproducts. Using modern separation and analytical techniques, the structure of many of the byproducts produced in this reaction when HY zeolite is employed as a catalyst has been identified. From these data, a detailed reaction network is proposed demonstrating that hydrolysis and electrophilic alkylation reactions compete with the desired Diels-Alder/dehydration sequence. This information will allow the rational identification of more selective catalysts and more selective reaction conditions.
Extragenic Pleiotropic Mutations That Repress Glycosyl Hydrolase Expression in the Hyperthermophilic Archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus (1999)

The hyperthermophilic archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus employs a catabolite repression-like regulatory system to control enzymes involved in carbon and energy metabolism. To better understand the basis of this system, spontaneous glycosyl hydrolase mutants were isolated using a genetic screen for mutations, which reduced expression of the lacS gene. The specific activities of three glycosyl hydrolases, including an alpha-glucosidase (malA), a beta-glycosidase (lacS), and the major secreted alpha-amylase, were measured in the mutant strains using enzyme activity assays, Western blot analysis, and Northern blot analysis. On the basis of these results the mutants were divided into two classes. Group I mutants exhibited a pleiotropic defect in glycosyl hydrolase expression, while a single group II mutant was altered only in lacS expression. PCR, Southern blot analysis, comparative heterologous expression in Escherichia coli, and DNA sequence analysis excluded cis-acting mutations as the explanation for reduced lacS expression in group I mutants. In contrast lacS and flanking sequences were deleted in the group II mutant. Revertants were isolated from group I mutants using a lacS-specific screen and selection. These revertants were pleiotropic and restored glycosyl hydrolase activity either partially or completely to wild-type levels as indicated by enzyme assays and Western blots. The lacS mutation in the group II mutant, however, was nonrevertible. The existence of group I mutants and their revertants reveals the presence of a trans-acting transcriptional regulatory system for glycosyl hydrolase expression.
High Lithium Ionic Conductivity in the Li<sub>1+x</sub>Al<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>y</sub>Ti<sub>2‐x‐y</sub> (PO<sub>4</sub>)<sub>3</sub> NASICON Series. (2003)

Abstract For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Effectiveness of 'on demand' silodosin in the treatment of premature ejaculation in patients dissatisfied with dapoxetine: a randomized control study (2016)

'On demand' silodosin 4 mg is an effective treatment option with very few adverse events in those patients suffering from premature ejaculation, who are dissatisfied with dapoxetine 30 mg due to its adverse effects or inefficacy.
Characterization of global seismograms using an automatic-picking algorithm (1994)

Abstract An automatic phase picker is useful for quickly identifying and timing phase arrivals in large seismic data bases. We have developed an automatic phase picker that is sensitive to small changes in amplitude and applied it to over 7 yr of global data distributed by the National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC). Our phase-picking algorithm is based on a short-term-average to long-term-average ratio (STA/LTA) taken along an envelope function generated from the seismogram. The algorithm returns arrival times and corresponding pick qualities. The procedure requires few input parameters and is easily adapted to various types of data. We produce global travel-time plots from both high-frequency (20- or 40-Hz sample rate) and low-frequency (1-Hz sample rate) data. These plots clearly image the predominant high- and low-frequency phases in the NEIC data base. Picks made from the long-period seismograms are less precise, but they reveal far more phase arrivals than the short-period picks. A number of phases resulting from reflections and phase conversions at upper mantle discontinuities can be identified in the low-frequency picks; however, a search of the short-period picks for upper mantle discontinuity phases, between P and PP and prior to P′P′, has so far been unsuccessful. In the long-period S and SS picks, we observe a discrepancy in SV and SH travel times, a possible result of upper mantle anisotropy. To check the accuracy and consistency of our algorithm, we present comparisons between hand-picked times and automatic-picked times for identical seismograms. Travel-time residuals from the short-period automatic picks and data reported to the International Seismological Centre (ISC) picks exhibit a comparable amount of scatter. Histograms of the ISC residuals and automatic-pick residuals are similar in shape and width for P and PcP. These observations suggest that human picking errors are not a major contributor to the scatter observed in ISC travel times, although direct comparisons between ISC reported picks and automatic picks on particular seismograms occasionally identify operator mispicks.
A Study of the Extinction-to-Backscatter Ratio of Marine Aerosol during the Shoreline Environment Aerosol Study* (2003)

Ground-based aerosol optical measurements made at near-ambient relative humidity (RH) under clean marine sampling conditions are presented and compared to 1) almost identical optical measurements made at a polluted continental site and 2) optical properties calculated from measured size distributions and Mie theory. The use of Mie theory (which assumes homogeneous spheres) is justified based on the fact that the sea-salt aerosol was measured in a hydrated state. This study focuses on the extinction-to-backscatter ratio S, an optical property required to interpret remote measurements by elastic backscatter lidar. For clean marine conditions, S is found to be 25.4 ± 3.5 sr at 532 nm (central value ± 95% confidence uncertainty). Other optical properties reported include single-scattering albedo, wavelength dependence of scattering, fraction of scattering due to submicrometer particles, and hemispheric-backscatter fraction, as well as the extensive properties (e.g., scattering coefficient) upon which these intensive properties are based. In addition, correlation scale lengths are examined via the autocorrelation function. Except during deliberate drying experiments that lowered the measurement RH below 43%, S exhibited little variation with RH. A subtle but clearly detectable change in optical properties was observed at the onset of volcanically influenced sampling conditions.
Polesworth: a north Warwickshire country pottery (1999)

In 1986 excavations for house foundations at Polesworth in northern Warwickshire (SK 263 980) uncovered a pottery waster dump. Fine wares, lead glazed and unglazed coarsewares, including a number a horticultural vessels, were recovered, together with kiln furniture. An archaeological excavation adjacent to the construction site revealed stratigraphy relating to the backfilling of a clay pit with potting waste early in the 18th century. Documentary and other evidence shows that the pottery was in production from the late 17th to early 19th centuries.
The formalin test: A tonic pain model in the primate (1984)

The formalin test has been used in monkeys for assessing pain. After formalin injection in the palmar surface of the hand just proximal to the base of the fingers, the monkey's responses are rated for 1 h according to objective behavioral criteria. The present 'tonic' pain model has a fair degree of objectivity, validity, reproducibility and quantifiability. The analgesic effects of morphine and pethidine have been evaluated.
Lung Oxidant Changes after Zymosan Peritonitis: Relationship between Physiologic and Biochemical Changes (1992)

Our purpose was to determine the effect of non-bacteria-dependent systemic inflammation on the degree and time course of lung oxidant activity and antioxidant defenses, comparing these changes with lung, physiologic, and histologic alterations. Adult male rats were given intraperitoneal zymosan (0.7 mg/g body weight) and were fluid resuscitated. Oxidant changes were measured as lung tissue oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content, antioxidant defenses as tissue reduced glutathione (GSH), and catalase. Animals were killed at 4, 12, and 24 h, and at 5, 10, and 30 days. Lung data were compared with that found in liver. We noted a 45% mortality in the first 18 to 36 h with all remaining animals surviving. In the first 24 h, we noted a doubling of lung MDA and an 80% conversion of tissue GSH to GSSG compared with less than 5% in control animals, indicating a severe oxidant stress. These findings corresponded with marked increase in lung neutrophils. Arterial pressure (PaO2) was significantly decreased from a control of 95 +/- 4 mm Hg to 80 +/- 5 mm Hg and 75 +/- 4 mm Hg at Days 5 and 10, respectively, but returned toward control by 30 days. Lung GSSG and MDA remained significantly increased for the 30-day period, whereas amounts of the antioxidants, catalase, and GSH returned to control after 24 h. The ongoing oxidant stress corresponded with marked mononuclear cell infiltration and interstitial thickening, which persisted over the 30-day period even after peritonitis had completely resolved.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Activity Staining and Inhibition Characterization of Dipeptidylpeptidase-III Enzyme from Goat Brain (2011)

Dipeptidylpeptidase-III (DPP-III) from goat brain was purified and characterized using Arginyl-Arginyl-4-methoxy-β-naphthylamide (Arg-Arg-4mβNA) substrate. This enzyme retained its activity in native 10% polyacrylamide gel when stained using Arg-Arg-4mβNA. The activity was significantly increased by 100 mM chloride. Studies for its inhibition with some peptides and chemical inhibitors revealed that Leu-Trp-Met-Arg-Phe-Ala was most potent inhibitor followed by Arg-Phe-Ala and Gly-Phe-Leu. All the studied chemical inhibitors caused 40-50% inhibition at 1 mM. Metal ions helped to regain activity of EDTA pretreated enzyme. ZnCl(2) at 50 μM almost completely restored the enzyme activity. Further ZnCl(2) and CoCl(2) exerted protective effects on EDTA pretreated enzyme for its susceptibility to DTNB inhibition. Therefore, DPP-III is a metalloprotease with the involvement of cysteine residues either located at the catalytic site or involved in regulation.
Miniaturized photoacoustic detection of organofluorine-based refrigerants (2020)

Abstract. Due to the ban on hydrofluorocarbon and haloalkane refrigerants with a high global warming potential, such as R134a, in the automotive industry, the significance of reliable and precise measuring devices for these refrigerants has risen. We present a photoacoustic gas detector for monitoring the organofluorine-based refrigerants R134a and R1234yf. The idea for this sensor is based on the three-chamber concept (a detection chamber, absorption chamber, and filter chamber). The optimal parameters and dimensions of the photoacoustic sensor components were determined via simulations. The simulation results were the cornerstone of our hardware construction. The first measurements with the newly developed sensor showed a sufficient signal-to-noise ratio for a reliable 0.5 vol. % (0.005 m3 m−3) detection resolution. The influence and importance of the filter chamber were examined and validated.
Characterization of Fracture Behavior in Small Punch Test by Combined Recrystallization-Etch Method and Rigid Plastic Analysis (1987)

Abstract The purpose of this investigation is to understand the deformation process of the small punch test and to use it to characterize the fracture properties of materials. By comparisons between recrystallization-etch results and perfect-rigid plastic analysis, the deformation process of the small punch test has been clearly divided into three regions. Equivalent fracture strain under biaxial stress state has been obtained from 10 by 10 by 0.5 mm thin sheet samples using both a recrystallization-etch technique and a semi-analytical method to characterize the fracture property of the material. The results of biaxial equivalent fracture strain can be related almost linearly to fracture toughness (JIc) for elastic-plastic behavior.
Tissue renin-angiotensin systems. Their role in cardiovascular disease. (1993)

The therapeutic importance of inhibitors of the RAS, such as converting enzyme inhibitors, is based on their cardioprotective as well as antiproliferative effects and points to a direct involvement of the RAS in the development and preservation of primary hypertension, a pathological condition in which normal or even low plasma renin activity is a common finding. Reversal of cardiovascular structural changes and enhancement of renal sodium excretion by converting enzyme inhibitors are important long-term antihypertensive actions possibly mediated by inhibition of the tissue RAS.
Pattern and character recognition systems (1959)

Spatial pattern recognition, of which the recognition of alpha numeric characters is a subclass, is an important and practical problem. More efficient coding of transmitted pictorial information and more efficient utilization of humanly produced information could result from its solution. The problem of pattern recognition has been stated as the assignment of a meaningful code to a recognizable structure in a set of signals. The signals, in this case organized spatially, are the result of a transformation from a visual picture field P to an electrical representation of this field. The points of this signal field S correspond to a characteristic of points in the picture. In this study, the reflectivity of given picture-point areas is quantized as black or white as a basis for a two-state electrical-signal representation of points of a pattern.
Experimental study of the sensitivity of a porous silicon ring resonator sensor using continuous in-flow measurements (2017)

A highly sensitive photonic sensor based on a porous silicon ring resonator was developed and experimentally characterized. The photonic sensing structure was fabricated by exploiting a porous silicon double layer, where the top layer of a low porosity was used to form photonic elements by e-beam lithography and the bottom layer of a high porosity was used to confine light in the vertical direction. The sensing performance of the ring resonator sensor based on porous silicon was compared for the different resonances within the analyzed wavelength range both for transverse-electric and transverse-magnetic polarizations. We determined that a sensitivity up to 439 nm/RIU for low refractive index changes can be achieved depending on the optical field distribution given by each resonance/polarization.
Survey of rare earth permanent magnet applications (1981)

Trends in permanent magnet usage are reviewed with emphasis on the emerging role of high energy density rare earth cobalt magnets. Permanent magnet excited devices and machines are compared to electomagnetic devices in terms of volumetric efficiency, relative cost and important functional features. Examples of using high energy permanent magnets in transportation systems and motion control systems are described. An important conclusion of this paper is that rare earth cobalt magnets are more than a replacement for electomagnetism. The properties allow electrical machines and devices not possible or feasible with electomagnetism.
SepNE: Bringing Separability to Network Embedding (2019)

Many successful methods have been proposed for learning low dimensional representations on large-scale networks, while almost all existing methods are designed in inseparable processes, learning embeddings for entire networks even when only a small proportion of nodes are of interest. This leads to great inconvenience, especially on super-large or dynamic networks, where these methods become almost impossible to implement. In this paper, we formalize the problem of separated matrix factorization, based on which we elaborate a novel objective function that preserves both local and global information. We further propose SepNE, a simple and flexible network embedding algorithm which independently learns representations for different subsets of nodes in separated processes. By implementing separability, our algorithm reduces the redundant efforts to embed irrelevant nodes, yielding scalability to super-large networks, automatic implementation in distributed learning and further adaptations. We demonstrate the effectiveness of this approach on several real-world networks with different scales and subjects. With comparable accuracy, our approach significantly outperforms state-of-the-art baselines in running times on large networks.
Classification, etiology and pathology of myopia. (1984)

DOAJ is a unique and extensive index of diverse open access journals from around the world, driven by a growing community, committed to ensuring quality content is freely available online for everyone.
Reduction of Nitrofurans. I. Aminofurans (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of Nitrofurans. I. AminofuransFrank F. Ebetino, James J. Carroll, and Gabriel. GeverCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1962, 5, 3, 513–524Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm01238a011https://doi.org/10.1021/jm01238a011research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views234Altmetric-Citations27LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Pattern of Proinflammatory Cytokine Induction in RAW264.7 Mouse Macrophages Is Identical for Virulent and Attenuated <i>Borrelia burgdorferi</i> (2008)

Lyme disease pathogenesis results from a complex interaction between Borrelia burgdorferi and the host immune system. The intensity and nature of the inflammatory response of host immune cells to B. burgdorferi may be a determining factor in disease progression. Gene array analysis was used to examine the expression of genes encoding cytokines, chemokines, and related factors in the joint tissue of infected C3H/HeJ mice and in a murine macrophage-like cell line in response to a disseminating or attenuated clinical isolate of B. burgdorferi. Both isolates elicited a robust proinflammatory response in RAW264.7 cells characterized by an increase in transcript levels of genes encoding CC and CXC chemokines, proinflammatory cytokines, and TNF superfamily members. Transcription of genes encoding IL-1beta, IL-6, MCP-1, MIP-1alpha, CXCR4, and TLR2 induced in RAW264.7 cells by either live or heat-killed spirochetes did not differ significantly at any time point over a 24-h period, nor was there a difference in the protein levels of IL-10, TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IL-12p70 in culture supernatants. Thus, induction of host macrophage expression of proinflammatory mediators by host macrophages does not contribute to the differential pathogenicity of different B. burgdorferi strains.
Improved Channel Estimation for TDS-OFDM Based on Flexible Frequency-Binary Padding (2010)

By adopting the pseudo-random noise (PN) sequences as the guard interval (GI) as well as the training sequence, time domain synchronous orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TDS-OFDM) outperforms the conventional OFDM using the cyclic prefix (CP) in the spectral efficiency at the cost of the iterative padding subtraction (IPS) in channel estimation (CE). To avoid the high computational complexity of the IPS, an improved frequency domain CE scheme based on a newly designed frame structure is proposed. To further improve the CE accuracy, the time domain training sequences, which are frequency binary (FB) after the fast Fourier transform (FFT), are flexibly padded as the frame header instead of the PN sequences. Theoretical analyses and computer simulations show that the proposed scheme can improve the system performance under the time frequency doubly selective channels, even in the presence of large channel delays in the single frequency networks.
Rate-distortion optimal motion estimation algorithm for video coding (2002)

A rate-distortion optimal motion estimation algorithm that leads to an efficient bit allocation between inter- and intra-frame information is presented. For coders in which motion vectors are differentially encoded, the rate-distortion optimization process is formulated as a shortest path finding problem. Adopting this framework, we show that the optimal solution for the conventional block-based motion estimation followed by 1-D DPCM and Huffman coding can be obtained by using dynamic programming or the Viterbi algorithm without resorting to an iterative procedure. Since memory and computational requirements for the optimal algorithm increase dramatically with the search range, we propose an effective fast algorithm that closely approximates the optimal performance while requiring considerably less complexity. When used in a hybrid motion compensated (MC) coding system, the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional MSE-optimal motion estimation approach in terms of PSNR performance under a low-bit-rate constraint. Our experimental results demonstrate overall gains in the range of 0.5 to 1.4 dB.
DynamoSim: a trace-based dynamically compiled instruction set simulator (2005)

Instruction set simulators are indispensable tools for the architectural exploration and verification of embedded systems. Different techniques have recently been proposed to speed up the simulation over the classical interpretation-based simulators, while maintaining their flexibility. We introduce a suite of techniques inspired by recent advances in dynamic compilers to construct a hybrid simulation framework. Compared with compiled simulators reported earlier, our framework is more flexible, since any instruction can be interpreted; and faster, since only frequently executed instructions are translated on-the-fly into native code for direct execution, and the scope of our translation is extended from basic blocks to traces, and sophisticated register allocation is performed. Comprehensive results on SPEC2000 benchmarks are reported for the standard SimpleScalar processor to demonstrate the efficiency of proposed techniques.
Auditing stress (1999)

Stress is now recognized as an occupational hazard and it is incumbent on all employers to carry out an assessment in order to assess the risk to health. A stress audit would be an appropriate tool to use. An audit should concentrate on organizational issues. Most audits use a questionnaire and it is sensible to use one which has already been validated. Results should be fed back to the employer in a form which is easily understandable and which contains clear recommendations for action. A repeat audit after one year is advised.