gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Integration of <i>Agrobacterium tumefaciens</i> T-DNA in the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> genome by illegitimate recombination (1996)

Agrobacterium tumefaciens can transfer part of its Ti plasmid, the T-DNA, to plant cells where it integrates into the nuclear genome via illegitimate recombination. Integration of the T-DNA results in small deletions of the plant target DNA, and may lead to truncation of the T-DNA borders and the production of filler DNA. We showed previously that T-DNA can also be transferred from A. tumefaciens to Sac-charomyces cerevisiae and integrates into the yeast genome via homologous recombination. We show here that when the T-DNA lacks homology with the S. cerevisiae genome, it integrates at random positions via illegitimate recombination. From 11 lines the integrated T-DNA was cloned back to Escherichia coli along with yeast flanking sequences. The T-DNA borders and yeast DNA flanking the T-DNA were sequenced and characterized. It was found that T-DNA integration had resulted in target DNA deletions and sometimes T-DNA truncations or filler DNA formation. Therefore, the molecular mechanism of illegitimate recombination by which T-DNA integrates in higher and lower eukaryotes seems conserved.
A Nitpicker&amp;#146;s guide to a minimal-complexity secure GUI (2006)

Malware such as Trojan horses and spyware remain to be persistent security threats that exploit the overly complex graphical user interfaces of today's commodity operating systems. In this paper, we present the design and implementation of Nitpicker - an extremely minimized secure graphical user interface that addresses these problems while retaining compatibility to legacy operating systems. We describe our approach of kernelizing the window server and present the deployed security mechanisms and protocols. Our implementation comprises only 1,500 lines of code while supporting commodity software such as X11 applications alongside protected graphical security applications. We discuss key techniques such as client-side window handling, a new floating-labels mechanism, drag-and-drop, and denial-of-service-preventing resource management. Furthermore, we present an application scenario to evaluate the feasibility, performance, and usability of our approach
<title>GaAs Integrated Circuits And Charge-Coupled Devices (CCDs) For High-Speed Signal Processing</title> (1979)

The superior electronic properties of GaAs, as compared with silicon, make possible the achievement of much higher performance levels in GaAs signal processing devices than have been demonstrated with silicon. Only recently, however, have advanced in GaAs materials and processing technology made possible the fabrication of such devices as sub-100 ps propagation delay, high density planar GaAs integrated circuits with LSI compatible power levels', and high transfer efficiency GaAs charge coupled devices' which should be capable of multi-gigahertz clocking rate operation. These high performance device technologies should have major impact on the high speed signal processing area, making possible, through their much higher speeds and lower power requirements, system approaches which could not be practically realized with existing silicon technology.
Frontispiece (Phys. Status Solidi A 12/2010) (2010)

In their Feature Article on pp. 2715–2725, Lin Gan et al. present recent progresses on 2D air-bridged silicon photonic crystal slab devices made in their group in the past years. Several integrated optical elements and devices in regard to their design, fabrication, and characterization are reported. These devices are aimed to construct a more flexible network of transport channels for infrared light at micrometer/nanometer scale. The SEM image (top left) shows the four-channel photonic crystal filter, whose optical spectra (top right) show distinct four channels of dropped signals. In addition, the dispersion property of photonic crystals by engineering the band structures is reported. A photonic crystal structure with negative refraction effect is shown bottom left. The negative refraction beam (see bottom right) is clearly observed by scanning near-field optical microscopy.
UHMWPE Nanocomposite Coatings Reinforced with Alumina (Al2O3) Nanoparticles for Tribological Applications (2018)

Due to a growing demand for protecting metallic components from wear and tear, polymer coatings are being extensively researched and developed as one of the most effective and efficient solutions to reduce friction and wear in demanding tribological applications. The present study focuses on developing a polymer nanocomposite coating of ultra-high molecular polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with different loadings (0.5, 3, 5, and 10 wt %) of alumina to protect steel surfaces. Wear tests were conducted on the coated samples using a tribometer with a ball-on-disk configuration, sliding against a 440C hardened stainless steel ball as a counterface to evaluate the wear life and the load-bearing capacity of the developed coatings. Micro-indentation, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and optical profilometry techniques were used to characterize the coatings in terms of hardness, dispersion of the nanofillers, morphology, and wear mechanisms, respectively. Results showed that the UHMWPE nanocomposite coating reinforced with 3 wt % and 5 wt % of alumina did not fail, even until 250,000 cycles at a normal load of 12 N and a linear speed of 0.1 m/s, showing a significant improvement in wear resistance as compared to the pristine UHMWPE coating.
2-(Hydroxyalkyl)estradiols:  Synthesis and Biological Evaluation (1996)

Synthetic estrogens possessing hydroxyalkyl side chains at the C-2 position of the A-ring were designed in order to further elucidate the structural and electronic requirements of the estrogen receptor to A-ring modifications. Furthermore, these compounds were envisaged as being stable analogs of the estradiol metabolite 2-hydroxyestradiol. The homologous series of 2-(hydroxyalkyl)estradiols 1-3 has been prepared by chain extension of 2-formylestradiol 6, which, in turn, was prepared via ortholithiation of estradiol. The substituted estradiols 1-3 were assayed for their abilities to bind to the estrogen receptor in MCF-7 cells and induce estrogen-responsive gene expression. The estradiol homologs exhibited significantly weaker affinity than estradiol for the MCF-7 cell estrogen receptor, with relative binding affinities (estradiol = 100) ranging from 1.11 for 2-(hydroxymethyl)estradiol (1) to 0.073 for 2-(hydroxypropyl)estradiol (3). The relative activities for mRNA induction of the pS2 gene by the estradiol homologs closely parallel the relative binding affinities for the estrogen receptor in MCF-7 cells. 2-(Hydroxymethyl)-estradiol exhibited similar estrogen receptor affinity and pS2 gene induction to the catechol estrogen 2-hydroxyestradiol and may prove useful in examination of the further biological effects of 2-hydroxyestrogen homologs.
Glycosidation, X. Synthesis of glycoconjugates of acetal‐glycosides with lysine and tripeptides for selective cancer therapy (1988)

Abstract Acetal‐glycosides 6 of cytotoxic aldehydes are a new class of compounds which may be of interest for cancer therapy, because of the possibility of a selective release of the cytotoxic principle in the tumour. For a selective transport to the tumour, these compounds will be connected to monoclonal antibodies, which bond specifically to tumour‐associated surface antigens. – In this paper the synthesis of acetal‐glycosides 14a–d and 15a–d with a COOH‐functionalised spacer and their connection to a lysine derivative 13 and a tripeptide 25 is described. The synthesis of 14a–d and 15a–d was performed by reaction of the acetals 7a–d and 8a–d with trimethylsilyl 2,3,4,6‐tetra‐ O ‐acetyl‐β‐ D ‐glucopyranoside ( 1 ) in the presence of a catalytic amount of trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate to 9a–d and 10a–d followed by solvolysis and hydrolysis. The connection of 14a–d and 15a–d with 13 and of 14b,d with 25 to the glycoconjugates 20a–d, 21a–d , and 26a–b , respectively, was carried out with hydroxybenzotriazol via the activated esters 18 and 19 .
Pulmonary tuberculosis (January 2015) (2015)

I read with avid interest the IM Board Review by Pagn et al on a man with pheochromocytoma. I found this to be incorrect. And Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine 2 states that the classic triad is palpitations, headaches, and profuse sweating.
Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces With Reflection Pattern Modulation: Beamforming Design and Performance Analysis (2020)

Recent research on reconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) suggests that RISs can perform passive beamforming and information transfer (PBIT) simultaneously via smart reflections. In this paper, we propose an RIS-enhanced multiple-input single-output system with reflection pattern modulation (RPM) to achieve PBIT, where the joint active and passive beamforming is carefully designed by taking into account the communication outage probability. We formulate an optimization problem to maximize the average received signal power by jointly optimizing the active beamforming at the access point (AP) and passive beamforming at the RIS under the assumption that the RIS's state information is statistically known by the AP, and propose a high-quality suboptimal solution based on the alternating optimization technique. Moreover, a closed-form expression for the asymptotic outage probability of the proposed scheme in Rician fading is derived. The achievable rate of the proposed scheme is also investigated under the assumption that the transmitted symbols are drawn from a finite constellation. Simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme and reveal the effect of various system parameters on the achievable rate. It is shown that the proposed scheme outperforms, in terms of achievable rate, the conventional RIS-assisted system without information transfer.
A Dependency Treebank of the Quran using traditional Arabic grammar (2010)

The Quran is a significant religious text, followed by the 1.5 billion believers of the Islamic faith worldwide. The text dates to 610–632 CE and is written in Quranic Arabic, the direct ancestor language of modern standard Arabic in use today. This paper presents the Quranic Arabic Dependency Treebank (QADT) and reports on the approaches and solutions used to apply Natural Language Processing to the unique and challenging language of the Quran. This project differs from other Arabic treebanks by providing a deep computational linguistic model based on historical traditional Arabic grammar($$$$). The treebank is part of the Quranic Arabic Corpus (http://corpus.quran.com), a popular free Arabic resource developed at the University of Leeds. Motivated by the importance of the Quran as a central religious text, we also report on how online collaborative annotation was used to bring together Quranic scholars and Arabic language experts to ensure a high level of accuracy for grammatical analysis of the entire Quran.
An Electrochemical Investigation of the Dissolution of Magnetite in Acidic Electrolytes (1993)

The electrochemical behavior of magnetite was investigated in perchloric acid and ethylenediaminetetra‐acetic acid (EDTA). The potential dependence of the total dissolution flux is similar for both acids; the form of this dependence indicates that ion‐transfer reactions are rate determining. In EDTA‐containing electrolytes, equilibrium is established by electron‐transfer between the magnetite and the Fe2+/Fe3+ species liberated by dissolution. This process defines the open‐circuit potential of magnetite in this electrolyte. A similar process does not determine in perchloric acid; the nature of the processes defining this potential in perchloric acid remains uncertain. The open‐circuit dissolution of magnetite in EDTA is much more rapid than that in perchloric acid. This effect is attributable to the difference in the values of , and not to any influence of electrolyte speciation upon the kinetics of the rate determining ion‐transfer reactions. Under strong reducing conditions hydrogen evolution occurs and the reduction of magnetite to metallic iron is suspected.
Summary Abstract: Electromigration studies of Al-intermetallic structures (1984)

Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter Facebook Reddit LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Reprints and Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation T. Kwok, P. S. Ho, H.‐C. W. Huang; Summary Abstract: Electromigration studies of Al‐intermetallic structures. Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology A 1 April 1984; 2 (2): 241–242. https://doi.org/10.1116/1.572732 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAVS: Science & Technology of Materials Interfaces and ProcessingJournal of Vacuum Science & Technology A Search Advanced Search |Citation Search
A scheme of Dual Carrier Modulation with Soft-decoding for MB-OFDM MIMO systems (2011)

The basic structure of the Multi-Band Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (MB-OFDM) Ultra-Wide Band (UWB) System is discussed in this paper. The fixed-point simulation platform using the WiMedia Alliance proposed by ECMA 368 standards has been implemented. An extension of the physical layer using the Alamouti method to a Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) system is also presented. Based on the theoretical Dual Carrier Modulation (DCM) supported by Media Alliance, we propose a scheme of the DCM-Modulation and DCM-Demodulation with Soft-decoding for a MB-OFDM MIMO system. The system performance is analyzed using the Saleh-Valenzuela channel model in terms of the bits error rate and the transmission range for indoor environments.
The effect of topical application of antibiotics on the cerebral cortex (1979)

✓ A common complication of intrathecal sepsis is the development of clinical seizure activity. However, some of the newer, commonly used antibiotics may have epileptogenic and electrocortical depressant effects when applied topically to the cerebral cortex. Epileptogenic characteristics of these antibiotics may be masked by the known tendency for intracranial sepsis to produce both early and late clinical seizure problems. In this experimental study, electrocortical spike activity was produced by penicillin, methicillin, cephalothin, carbenicillin, colistimethate, and neomycin, and electrocortical depression was caused by tobramycin and gentamicin. A mixed picture was found with neomycin and carbenicillin.
Chloroplast lysates support directed mutagenesis via modified DNA and chimeric RNA/DNA oligonucleotides (2001)

Chimeric RNA/DNA and modified DNA oligonucleotides have been shown to direct gene-conversion events in vitro through a process involving proteins from several DNA-repair pathways. Recent experiments have extended the utility of these molecules to plants, and we previously demonstrated that plant cell-free extracts are competent to support oligonucleotide-directed genetic repair. Using this system, we are studying Arabidopsis DNA-repair mutants and the role of plant proteins in the DNA-repair process. Here we describe a method for investigating mechanisms of plastid DNA-repair pathways. Using a genetic readout system in bacteria and chimeric or modified DNA oligonucleotides designed to direct the conversion of mutations in antibiotic resistance genes, we have developed an assay for genetic repair of mutations in a spinach chloroplast lysate system. We report genetic repair of point and frameshift mutations directed by both types of modified oligonucleotides. This system enables the mechanistic study of plastid gene repair and facilitates the direct comparison between plant nuclear and organelle DNA-repair pathways.
Phase I Trial of the Proteasome Inhibitor Bortezomib in Patients With Advanced Solid Tumors With Observations in Androgen-Independent Prostate Cancer (2004)

The maximum-tolerated dose and recommended phase II dose of bortezomib in this schedule is 1.6 mg/m(2). Biologic activity (inhibition of nuclear factor-kappa B-related markers) and antitumor activity is seen in AIPCa at tolerated doses of bortezomib. This agent should be further explored with chemotherapy agents in advanced prostate cancer.
Enhancing network management using mobile agents (2002)

Agent mobility addresses some limitations faced by classic client/server architecture, namely, in minimising bandwidth consumption, in supporting adaptive network load balancing and in solving problems caused by intermittent or unreliable network connections. There has been a great deal of attention on the potential productivity gains expected from so-called intelligent agents. These however require complex artificial intelligence (Al) functionality. Agents can realistically be of benefit in those areas concerned with autonomy and mobility. This is especially true of network management applications and this will be the focus of this paper. The paper discusses the usage of mobile agents and the advantages that these have over traditional client/server applications. It discusses the main characteristics of an agent, and shows how Java has the main components that allow mobile agents to be easily development. To show how agents are implemented it gives a practical implemented of an agent. Finally, the paper also discusses the main Java agent development systems, which are IBM aglets, Object Space Voyager and JATLite and outlines the advantages of using each of them.
Pulmonary infection control window in treatment of severe respiratory failure of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases： a prospective.randomized controlled,multi-centred study (2005)

Background Early withdraw from invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) followed by noninvasive MV is a new strategy for changing modes of treatment. This study was conducted to estimate the feasibility and the efficacy of early extubation and sequential noninvasive MV commenced at beginning of pulmonary infection control window in patients with exacerbated hypercapnic respiratory failure caused by chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD). Methods A prospective, randomized controlled study was conducted in eleven teaching hospitals' respiratory or medical intensive care units in China. Ninety intubated COPD patients with severe hypercapnic respiratory failure triggered by pulmonary infection (pneumonia or purulent bronchitis) were involved in the study. When the pulmonary infection had been controlled by antibiotics and comprehensive therapy, the 'pulmonary infection control window (PIC window)' has been reached. Each case was randomly assigned to study group (extubation and noninvasive MV via facial mask immediately) or control group (invasive MV was received continuously after PIC window by using conventional weaning technique).Results Study group (n=47) and control group (n=43) had similar clinical characteristics initially and at the time of PIC window. Compared with control group, study group had shorter duration of invasive MV ［(6.4±4.4) days vs (11.3±6.2) days, P=0.000］, lower rate of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) (3/47 vs 12/43, P=0.014), fewer days in ICU ［(12±8) days vs (16±11) days, P=0.047］ and lower hospital mortality (1/47 vs 7/43, P=0.025).Conclusions In COPD patients requiring intubation and invasive MV for hypercapnic respiratory failure, which is exacerbated by pulmonary infection, early extubation followed by noninvasive MV initiated at the start of PIC window may decrease significantly the duration of invasive MV, the risk of VAP and hospital mortality.
Further Validation of the Nonverbal Pain Scale in Intensive Care Patients (2009)

Pain assessment is difficult but vital for sedated patients receiving mechanical ventilation in ICUs. Few nonverbal scales have been developed for assessing pain, and few studies of their validity and reliability have been published. The authors compare the original and revised versions of the Nonverbal Pain Scale in sedated patients receiving mechanical ventilation in an ICU and present the results.
Cyclic acetal hydrogel system for bone marrow stromal cell encapsulation and osteodifferentiation (2007)

Many systems have been proposed for the encapsulation of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) within degradable hydrogels. Here, we use a novel cyclic acetal-based biomaterial formed from 5-ethyl-5-(hydroxymethyl)-beta,beta-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane-2-ethanol diacrylate (EHD) and poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA). A cyclic acetal-based hydrogel may be preferred as cyclic acetals hydrolytically degraded into diols and carbonyls as primary degradation products, which may not affect local acidity, unlike other widely investigated polymers. The EHD monomer and PEGDA polymer may be fabricated into a EH-PEG hydrogel by radical polymerization initiated by the ammonium persulfate (APS) and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine (TEMED) system. The objective of this work is to determine whether the components utilized in the fabrication of EH-PEG hydrogels as well as the EH-PEG hydrogels permit BMSC viability, metabolic activity, and osteodifferentiation. Cell viability and metabolic activity were assessed after 30 min, 1 h, and 3 h of exposure to pertinent concentrations of the initiator system (10-20 mM). Osteodifferentiation was assessed by alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin expression after a short exposure to the initiator system to simulate the encapsulation process. Lastly, cell viability was assessed immediately after encapsulation and after 7 days of culture within the EH-PEG hydrogels. Results indicate that the metabolic activity and viability of BMSCs are minimally affected, and that osteodifferentiation is not significantly affected by the APS-TEMED initiator system. Also, encapsulated BMSCs maintained viability within EH-PEG hydrogels for 7 days. This work demonstrates that the EH-PEG hydrogel is a viable option for the encapsulation and osteodifferentiation of BMSCs.
The Effect of Thermoelastic Stresses on Injection Well Fracturing (1985)

Abstract When a cool fluid such as water is injected into a hot reservoir, a growing region of cooled rock is established around the injection well. The rock matrix within the cooled region contracts, and a thermoelastic stress field is induced around the well. For typical waterflooding of a moderately deep reservoir, horizontal earth stresses may be reduced by several hundred psi. If the injection pressure is too high or if suspended solids in the water plug the formation face at the perforations, the formation will be fractured hydraulically. As the fracture grows, the flow system evolves from an essentially circular geometry in the plan view to one characterized more nearly as elliptical. This paper considers thermoelastic stresses that would result from cooled regions of fixed thickness and of elliptical cross section. The stresses for an infinitely thick reservoir have been deduced from information available in public literature. A numerical method has been developed to calculate thermoelastic stresses induced within elliptically shaped regions of finite thickness. Results of these two approaches were combined, and empirical equations were developed to give an approximate but convenient, explicit method for estimating induced stresses. An example problem is given that shows how this theory can be applied to calculate the fracture lengths, bottomhole pressures (BHP's), and elliptical shapes of the flood front as the injection process progresses.