gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Progress towards practical qubit computation using approximate Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill codes (2020)

Encoding a qubit in the continuous degrees of freedom of an oscillator is a promising path to error-corrected quantum computation. One advantageous way to achieve this is through Gottesman-Kitaev-Preskill (GKP) grid states, whose symmetries allow for the correction of any small continuous error on the oscillator. Unfortunately, ideal grid states have infinite energy, so it is important to find finite-energy approximations that are realistic, practical, and useful for applications. In the first half of this work we investigate the impact of imperfect GKP states on computational circuits independently of the physical architecture. To this end, we analyze the behavior of the physical and logical content of normalizable GKP states through several figures of merit, employing a recently developed modular subsystem decomposition. By tracking the errors that enter into the computational circuit due to imperfections in the GKP states, we are able to gauge the utility of these states for noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices. In the second half, we focus on a state preparation approach in the photonic domain wherein photon-number-resolving measurements on some modes of Gaussian states produce non-Gaussian states in others. We produce detailed numerical results for the preparation of GKP states alongside estimating the resource requirements in practical settings and probing the quality of the resulting states with the tools we develop. Our numerical experiments indicate that we can generate any state in the GKP Bloch sphere with nearly equal resources, which has implications for magic state preparation overheads.
Antihepatotoxic Activity of Diterpenes of<i>Andrographis Paniculata</i>(Kal-Megh) Against<i>Plasmodium Berghei-Induced</i>Hepatic Damage in<i>Mastomys Natalensis</i> (1995)

Administration of an alcohol extract of Andrographis paniculata (25 mg/kg) and two of its constituent diterpenes, andrographolide and neoandrographolide (6 mg/kg/day for two weeks) showed significant antihepatotoxic action in P. berghei K173- induced hepatic damage in M. natalensis. The increased levels of serum lipoprotein-X, alkaline phosphatase, GOT, GPT and bilirubin were markedly reduced by A. paniculata and its diterpenes. In the liver, these preparations decreased the levels of lipid peroxidation products and facilitated the recovery of superoxide dismutase and glycogen. The protective effects of andrographolide were comparable to those of neoandrographolide.
The Swamping Catalyst Effect. II. Nuclear Halogenation of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones<sup>1,2</sup> (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Swamping Catalyst Effect. II. Nuclear Halogenation of Aromatic Aldehydes and Ketones1,2D. E. PEARSON, H. W. POPE, W. W. HARGROVE, and W. E. STAMPERCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1958, 23, 10, 1412–1419Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01104a003https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01104a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1318Altmetric-Citations68LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Public speech-oriented guidance system with adult and child discrimination capability (2004)

The Takemaru-kun system is a real world speech-oriented guidance system located at the Ikoma-City North Community Center. The system has been operated daily from November, 2002, to provide visitors a speech interface for information retrieval. This system also aims at the field test of a speech interface and collecting actual utterance data. By analyzing and evaluating the collected utterances, the flexible processing requirements are discovered according to the user's age group. It becomes impossible to disregard the increase of child users when the system is installed in a public place. The paper proposes an automatic approach discriminating speakers between adult and child users, which is based on statistical learning. This proposal realizes a flexible spoken dialogue to both adult and child users. As for parameter vectors in machine learning, acoustic and linguistic properties extracted from speech recognition logarithm likelihood scores are adopted to discriminate a user's age group. Although GMM-based recognition uses only acoustic properties, this method can also consider linguistic properties. In experiments with SVM-based screening, we obtained a 92.4% discrimination rate to the actual users' utterances. The advantage of using linguistic properties is also shown. The paper also describes an overview of the Takemaru-kun system and the data collection status from the field test. Child speech recognition performance is evaluated using the collected utterances.
Interaction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type‐1 (PAI‐1) with vitronectin (2002)

The serpin plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) plays an important role in physiological processes such as thrombolysis and fibrinolysis, as well as pathophysiological processes such as thrombosis, tumor invasion and metastasis. In addition to inhibiting serine proteases, mainly tissue-type (tPA) and urokinase-type (uPA) plasminogen activators, PAI-1 interacts with different components of the extracellular matrix, i.e. fibrin, heparin (Hep) and vitronectin (Vn). PAI-1 binding to Vn facilitates migration and invasion of tumor cells. The most important determinants of the Vn-binding site of PAI-1 appear to reside between amino acids 110-147, which includes alpha helix E (hE, amino acids 109-118). Ten different PAI-1 variants (mostly harboring modifications in hE) as well as wild-type PAI-1, the previously described PAI-1 mutant Q123K, and another serpin, PAI-2, were recombinantly produced in Escherichia coli containing a His(6) tag and purified by affinity chromatography. As shown in microtiter plate-based binding assays, surface plasmon resonance and thrombin inhibition experiments, all of the newly generated mutants which retained inhibitory activity against uPA still bound to Vn. Mutant A114-118, in which all amino-acids at positions 114-118 of PAI-1 were exchanged for alanine, displayed a reduced affinity to Vn as compared to wild-type PAI-1. Mutants lacking inhibitory activity towards uPA did not bind to Vn. Q123K, which inhibits uPA but does not bind to Vn, served as a control. In contrast to other active PAI-1 mutants, the inhibitory properties of A114-118 towards thrombin as well as uPA were significantly reduced in the presence of Hep. Our results demonstrate that the wild-type sequence of the region around hE in PAI-1 is not a prerequisite for binding to Vn.
Biochemistry of nitrification in soil (1946)

Research Article| January 01 1946 Biochemistry of nitrification in soil: 1. Kinetics of, and the effects of poisons on, soil nitrification, as studied by a soil perfusion technique. (with an Addendum by H. Lees) H. Lees; H. Lees 1Agricultural Research Council Unit of Soil Metabolism,* at Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar J. H. Quastel J. H. Quastel 1Agricultural Research Council Unit of Soil Metabolism,* at Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harpenden, Herts Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar Biochem J (1946) 40 (5-6): 803–815. https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0400803 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Email Cite Icon Cite Get Permissions Citation H. Lees, J. H. Quastel; Biochemistry of nitrification in soil: 1. Kinetics of, and the effects of poisons on, soil nitrification, as studied by a soil perfusion technique. (with an Addendum by H. Lees). Biochem J 1 January 1946; 40 (5-6): 803–815. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/bj0400803 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu toolbar search search input Search input auto suggest filter your search All ContentAll JournalsBiochemical Journal Search Advanced Search © 1946 CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY PRESS1946 Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.
Ultrafast Optical Study of Small Gold Monolayer Protected Clusters: A Closer Look at Emission (2010)

Monolayer-protected metal nanoclusters (MPCs) were investigated to probe their fundamental excitation and emission properties. In particular, gold MPCs were probed by steady-state and time-resolved spectroscopic measurements; the results were used to examine the mechanism of emission in relation to the excited states in these systems. In steady-state measurements, the photoluminescence of gold clusters in the range of 25 to 140 atoms was considerably stronger relative to larger particle analogues. The increase in emission efficiency (for Au25, Au55, and Au140 on the order of 10−5) over bulk gold may arise from a different mechanism of photoluminescence, as suggested by measurements on larger gold spheres and rods. Results of fluorescence upconversion found considerably longer lifetimes for smaller gold particles than for larger particles. Measurements of the femtosecond transient absorption of the smaller clusters suggested dramatically different behavior than what was observed for larger particles. These results, combined with the result of a new bleach band in the transient absorption signal (which is presumably due to an unforeseen ground state absorption), suggest that quantum size effects and associated discrete molecular-like state structure play a key role in enhanced visible fluorescence of small clusters.
Bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amino Native Peptide Ligation (2010)

The reaction of a peptide featuring a bis(2-sulfanylethyl)amino (SEA) group on its C-terminus with a cysteinyl peptide in water at pH 7 and 37 °C leads to the chemoselective and regioselective formation of a native peptide bond. This method called SEA ligation enriches the native peptide ligation repertoire available to the peptide chemist. Preparation of an innovative solid support which allows the straightforward synthesis of peptide SEA fragments using standard Fmoc/tert-butyl solid phase peptide synthesis procedures is also described.
Broadband complex permittivity measurements of dielectric substrates using a split-cylinder resonator (2004)

We discuss a theoretical model describing the split-cylinder resonator for non-destructive measurement of a dielectric substrate's relative permittivity and loss tangent. This improved model properly accounts for the fringing electric and magnetic fields in the dielectric substrate. Previously, the split-cylinder resonator has been used for single-frequency permittivity and loss tangent measurements using only the fundamental TE/sub 011/ resonant mode. By including high-order TE/sub 0np/ modes, we demonstrate how to measure the relative permittivity and loss tangent of dielectric substrates over an extended frequency range. We validated the new model by measuring the permittivity and loss tangent of fused-silica substrates from 10 to 50 GHz and comparing with results obtained with circular-cylindrical cavity, a dielectric-post resonator, and several split-post resonators.
Bcr-Abl induces abnormal cytoskeleton remodeling, β1 integrin clustering and increased cell adhesion to fibronectin through the Abl interactor 1 pathway (2007)

Hematopoietic cells isolated from patients with Bcr-Abl-positive leukemia exhibit multiple abnormalities of cytoskeletal and integrin function. These abnormalities are thought to play a role in the pathogenesis of leukemia; however, the molecular events leading to these abnormalities are not fully understood. We show here that the Abi1 pathway is required for Bcr-Abl to stimulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling, integrin clustering and cell adhesion. Expression of Bcr-Abl induces tyrosine phosphorylation of Abi1. This is accompanied by a subcellular translocation of Abi1/WAVE2 to a site adjacent to membrane, where an F-actin-enriched structure containing the adhesion molecules such as beta1-integrin, paxillin and vinculin is assembled. Bcr-Abl-induced membrane translocation of Abi1/WAVE2 requires direct interaction between Abi1 and Bcr-Abl, but is independent of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase pathway. Formation of the F-actin-rich complex correlates with an increased cell adhesion to fibronectin. More importantly, disruption of the interaction between Bcr-Abl and Abi1 by mutations either in Bcr-Abl or Abi1 not only abolished tyrosine phosphorylation of Abi1 and membrane translocation of Abi1/WAVE2, but also inhibited Bcr-Abl-stimulated actin cytoskeleton remodeling, integrin clustering and cell adhesion to fibronectin. Together, these data define Abi1/WAVE2 as a downstream pathway that contributes to Bcr-Abl-induced abnormalities of cytoskeletal and integrin function.
Detection and measurement of retinal vessels in fundus images using amplitude modified second-order Gaussian filter (2002)

In this paper, the fitness of estimating vessel profiles with Gaussian function is evaluated and an amplitude-modified second-order Gaussian filter is proposed for the detection and measurement of vessels. Mathematical analysis is given and supported by a simulation and experiments to demonstrate that the vessel width can be measured in linear relationship with the "spreading factor" of the matched filter when the magnitude coefficient of the filter is suitably assigned. The absolute value of vessel diameter can be determined simply by using a precalibrated line, which is typically required since images are always system dependent. The experiment shows that the inclusion of the width measurement in the detection process can improve the performance of matched filter and result in a significant increase in success rate of detection.
Heats of Formation of H3O+, H3S+, and NH4+ by Electron Impact (1969)

Electron impact fragmentations of some simple organic molecules have been investigated, making use of excess energy measurements. The results give values for the heats of formation to be 143, 191, and 148 kcal/mole for H3O+, H3S+, and NH4+, respectively. These values are consistent with limitations imposed by ion–molecule reactions and with crystal-lattice calculations.
Study on Human Embryonic Stem Cells and IPS Stem Cells (2008)

幹細胞を体外で増殖させ目的とする細胞へと分化させた後に移植する細胞移植治療は，ドナー不足などの問題を抱える臓器移植に代替しうる治療法として注目されている．ES細胞およびiPS細胞はほぼ無限に増殖し，かつ全ての細胞種に分化しうるため，細胞移植の細胞源として期待されている．キメラマウスさらには全細胞がES細胞由来のマウスをも作製できることから，ES細胞は「万能細胞」とも呼ばれている．しかしES細胞を細胞移植に用いた場合，アロ移植となるため免疫拒絶反応が予想される．そこで体細胞を初期化（リプログラミング）することによってレシピエント由来の多能性幹細胞を誘導する試みがなされている．この中で，体細胞に3～4因子を導入することによりES細胞に匹敵する多能性を持つiPS細胞が大きく注目されている．克服するべき問題が残るもののES細胞やiPS細胞は大きな可能性を持つため今後の研究の進展が待たれる．
Mortality-associated factors in elderly patients with septic shock and severe sepsis (2007)

To characterize an experimental model of pulmonary embolism by studying hemodynamics, lung mechanics and histopathologic derangements caused by pulmonary microembolism in pigs. To identify lung alterations after embolism that may be similar to those evidenced in pulmonary inflammatory conditions. Materials and methods Ten Large White pigs (weight 35-42 kg) were instrumented with arterial and pulmonary catheters, and pulmonary embolism was induced in five pigs by injection of polystyrene microspheres (diameter ~300 M), in order to obtain a pulmonary mean arterial pressure of twice the baseline value. Five other animals injected with saline served as controls. Hemodynamic and respiratory data were collected and pressure x volume curves of the respiratory system were performed by a quasi-static low flow method. Animals were followed for 12 hours, and after death lung fragments were dissected and sent to pathology. Results Pulmonary embolism induced a significant reduction in stroke volume (71 18 ml/min/bpm pre vs 36 9 ml/min/bpm post, P < 0.05), an increase in pulmonary mean arterial pressure (27 4 mmHg pre vs 39 6 mmHg post, P < 0.05) and pulmonary vascular resistance (193 122 mmHg/l/min pre vs 451 149 mmHg/l/min post, P < 0.05). Respiratory dysfunction was evidenced by significant reductions in the PaO 2 /FiO 2 ratio (480 50 pre vs 159 55 post, P < 0.05), the dynamic lung compliance (27 6 ml/cmH 2 O pre vs 19 5 ml/cmH 2 O post, P < 0.05), the increase in dead space ventilation (20 4 pre vs 47 20 post, P < 0.05) and, the shift of pressure x volume curves to the right, with reduction in pulmonary hysteresis. Pathology depicted inflammatory neutrophil infiltrates, alveolar edema, collapse and hemorrhagic infarctions. Conclusion This model of embolism is associated with cardiovascular dysfunction, as well as respiratory injury characterized by a decrease in oxygenation, lung compliance and hysteresis. Pathology findings were similar to those verified in inflammatory pulmonary injury conditions. This model may be useful to study pathophysiology, as well as pharmacologic and ventilatory interventions useful to treat pulmonary embolism.
Automatic Patch Generation for Buffer Overflow Attacks (2007)

Control-hijacking attacks exploit vulnerabilities in network services to take control of them and eventually their underlying machines. Although much work has been done on detection and prevention of control-hijacking attacks, most of them did not address the problem of repairing the attacked network services so as to prevent the same attacks from recurring. Ideally, post-attack repair should consist of an attack signature generation component that creates a filtering rule for front-end firewall or intrusion prevention system to block the detected attack and its variants, and a patch generation component that creates a fix to permanently eliminate the vulnerabilities that the detected attack exploits. This paper describes the design, implementation and evaluation of a program transformation and execution trace analysis system called PASAN that can automatically instrument the source code of network service programs in such a way that it can detect control-hijacking attacks and automatically generate patches to seal the vulnerability being exploited by the detected attack. We have implemented the first PASAN prototype as a GNU C compiler extension that aims at stack- based buffer overflow attacks but could be easily generalized to accommodate other control-hijacking attacks. Testing this prototype with seven network daemon programs with known vulnerabilities show that the automatically generated patches can successfully fix the vulnerability. In addition, these patches are similar in their structure to those that are manually created. The run-time performance overhead of application programs instrumented by PASAN is between 10% and 23%, except two programs, whose CPU consumption is low.
Reaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixes (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of trimethylaluminum with carbon monoxide in low-temperature matrixesRamiro Sanchez, Caleb Arrington, and C. A. Arrington Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1989, 111, 25, 9110–9111Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00207a023https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00207a023research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views197Altmetric-Citations19LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Crankshaft position measurement for engine testing, control, and diagnosis (2003)

The authors present several applications of a precise, moderate sampling rate measurement of the crankshaft angular position of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. It is shown that the measurement can be made with a relatively inexpensive noncontacting sensor. Given sufficient precision and sampling rate, the various applications include crankshaft reference position measurements for ignition timing (gasoline fueled engines) or injector timing (for electronically controlled diesel engines); and crankshaft angular speed and acceleration measurements for estimating instantaneous indicated torque and for diagnosing engine malfunctions. The torque estimate is potentially useful for engine control, to improve engine performance with respect to reducing cycle-to-cycle and cylinder-to-cylinder nonuniformity and with respect to fuel economy. The crankshaft angular speed measurement also provides an input to a computationally efficient diagnosis method for detecting failures in any sensor or actuator on the vehicle. The theory and experimental verification of the applications are discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Mechanisms of Protein Aggregation (2009)

Aggregation or reversible self-association of protein therapeutics can arise through a number of different mechanisms. Five common aggregation mechanisms are described and their relations to manufacturing processes to suppress and remove aggregates are discussed.
Heat Storage Media (2009)

Abstract The article contains sections titled: 1. Introduction 2. Practical Principles for Heat Storage Media 3. Storage of Sensible Heat 3.1. Solid Storage Materials 3.2. Liquid Storage Materials 4. Storage of Latent Heat 4.1. Cold storage (0 °C and below) 4.2. Low temperature storage (0 to 120 °C) 4.3. High‐temperature storage (above 120 °C) 4.4. Heat transfer concepts and composites 5. Storage of Chemical Heat 5.1 Thermochemical Transformer and Chemical Heat Pump 5.2 Adsorption Processes 5.3. Absorption Processes
Patterns and predictors of skin score change in early diffuse systemic sclerosis from the European Scleroderma Observational Study (2018)

NCT02339441.