gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Plasma cytokines and oxidative damage in HIV-positive and HIV-negative adolescents and young adults: A protective role for IL-10? (2005)

HIV infection causes immune activation that leads to oxidative damage. Proinflammatory cytokines may promote such damage and the regulatory cytokine IL-10 may protect against such damage. To examine the relation of these cytokines to oxidative damage, 67 cases of oxidative damage and 67 matched controls were selected from the reaching for excellence in adolescent health (REACH) study. Subjects were young (15-23 years), largely female (76%), HIV-positive (73%) and black (69%). Proinflammatory cytokines were not significantly associated with oxidative damage but plasma IL-10 had a significant, negative association with oxidative damage. This finding is consistent with a protective role for IL-10 in diminishing oxidative damage during immune activation.
Effects of trangene products on honey bees (Apis mellifera) and bumblebees (Bombus sp.) (2001)

International audience
Binary subwavelength structures/resonance gratings as polarization elements (1998)

If the grating period is of the same magnitude as the wavelength, the diffraction efficiencies and the phases of the diffracted orders depend strongly on the polarization. The sensitivity to polarization is examined for different kinds of resonance/subwavelength structures. The paper refers to binary metallic and binary dielectric structures. Design methods for modulated subwavelength structures are compared. The possible application of the considered diffractive elements in a polarization optical system is discussed.
Simultaneous determination of the level of antibodies to influenza virus surface and internal proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. (1988)

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has been adopted for simultaneous determination of the levels of antibodies to different influenza virus proteins in human sera with known haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) titre. Whole virus of serotypes H1N1 and H3N2, haemagglutinin (HA), matrix (M) and nucleoprotein (NP) proteins have been used as antigens. For detection of antibodies bound to the antigen, peroxidase labelled Staphylococcus protein A conjugate has been used. Correlation of the ELISA and HI titres of anti-HA antibody has been demonstrated. The use of isolated HA as antigen increased the specificity of ELISA. The analysis of human reconvalescent sera has shown that increase in the titre of antibodies to internal proteins does not always coincide with the increase of antibody level to HA. Out of 8 sera with significant increase of the HI titre to the H3 subtype 5 specimens showed 4-fold increase of antibody titre to NP protein. The antibody titre to M protein was elevated in 2 sera only, while 1 serum showed no rise of antibody response to the tested viral proteins.
Motion correction in fMRI via registration of individual slices into an anatomical volume (1999)

An automated retrospective image registration based on mutual information is adapted to a multislice functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) acquisition protocol to provide accurate motion correction. Motion correction is performed by mapping each slice to an anatomic volume data set acquired in the same fMRI session to accommodate inter-slice head motion. Accuracy of the registration parameters was assessed by registration of simulated MR data of the known truth. The widely used rigid body volume registration approach based on stacked slices from the time series data may hinder statistical accuracy by introducing inaccurate assumptions of no motion between slices for multislice fMRI data. Improved sensitivity and specificity of the fMRI signal from mapping-each-slice-to-volume method is demonstrated in comparison with a stacked-slice correction method by examining functional data from two normal volunteers. The data presented in a standard anatomical coordinate system suggest the reliability of the mapping-each-slice-to-volume method to detect the activation signals consistent between the two subjects.
Fine‐Tunable Tris(triazolyl)methane Ligands for Copper(I)‐ Catalyzed Azide–Alkyne Cycloaddition Reactions (2014)

Abstract The preparation of a small library of modular tris(triazolyl)methane ligands for copper‐catalyzed azide–alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) reactions is reported. The synthesis of the first generation ligand, tris(1‐benzyl‐1 H ‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methanol ( 1a ), suitable for work in aqueous systems, is reported at the 50–100 mmol scale through a one‐stage, environmentally benign procedure. One‐stage procedures for the synthesis of tris(aryltriazolyl)methanol structures ( 1b , phenyl; 1c , para ‐trifluoromethylphenyl; 1d , para ‐methoxyphenyl) designed for electronic fine‐tuning of catalytic properties, and of 1a ‐derived ethers 2c (OBn) and 2d (OMe), designed for CuAAC reactions in organic solvents, are also reported. The complete set of ligands ( 1a–d , 2c–d ) has been tested in the reaction of phenylacetylene with benzyl azide in six different solvents (water, hexane, toluene, dichloromethane, tetrahydrofuran, and acetonitrile), and this has allowed the identification of 1b , 1c and 2c as the ligands depicting the highest tolerance to changes in solvent polarity within the considered family. The comparative performance of ligands 1b–d and 2c in the cycloaddition of a small family of alkynes with benzyl azide in two very different reaction media (1:1 t‐ BuOH/H 2 O and toluene) has been studied as a guide for catalyst selection in specific applications. The applicability of 1c in CuAAC reactions involving functional substrates in toluene has been explored under thermal and microwave‐accelerated (tandem azide formation plus CuAAC reaction) reaction conditions. magnified image
Little-Master Cups (1932)

The word ‘little-master cup,’ as I use it, covers, first, ‘lip-cups,’ ‘band-cups,’ and variants of them; second, ‘Droop’ (or ‘Antidoran’) cups. I shall not deal with Droop cups; for I can add nothing to Ure's admirable study. I confine myself to lip-cups, band-cups, and their variants. Much of what I shall say has been said already, and I draw attention to the concise and accurate treatment which these also have received from Ure. Into the origin of the shapes I do not enter for the present. The forerunner is the Attic ‘Siana cup.’
Gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the herbicide dinoterb (2,4-dinitro-6-tert-butylphenol) in soil (1975)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTGas-liquid chromatographic analysis of the herbicide dinoterb (2,4-dinitro-6-tert-butylphenol) in soilWybo H. Dekker and Hendrik A. SellingCite this: J. Agric. Food Chem. 1975, 23, 5, 1013Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1975Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1975https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jf60201a042https://doi.org/10.1021/jf60201a042research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Effects of solutes on solubilization and refolding of proteins from inclusion bodies with high hydrostatic pressure (2005)

High hydrostatic pressure (HHP)-mediated solubilization and refolding of five inclusion bodies (IBs) produced from bacteria, three gram-negative binding proteins (GNBP1, GNBP2, and GNBP3) from Drosophila, and two phosphatases from human were investigated in combination of a redox-shuffling agent (2 mM DTT and 6 mM GSSG) and various additives. HHP (200 MPa) combined with the redox-shuffling agent resulted in solubilization yields of approximately 42%-58% from 1 mg/mL of IBs. Addition of urea (1 and 2 M), 2.5 M glycerol, L-arginine (0.5 M), Tween 20 (0.1 mM), or Triton X-100 (0.5 mM) significantly enhanced the solubilization yield for all proteins. However, urea, glycerol, and nonionic surfactants populated more soluble oligomeric species than monomeric species, whereas arginine dominantly induced functional monomeric species (approximately 70%-100%) to achieve refolding yields of approximately 55%-78% from IBs (1 mg/mL). Our results suggest that the combination of HHP with arginine is most effective in enhancing the refolding yield by preventing aggregation of partially folded intermediates populated during the refolding. Using the refolded proteins, the binding specificity of GNBP2 and GNBP3 was newly identified the same as with that of GNBP1, and the enzymatic activities of the two phosphatases facilitates their further characterization.
Effect of Particle Size and Background Natural Organics on the Adsorption Efficiency of PAC (1990)

The objectives of this study were to determine the efficiency of adsorption of powdered activated carbon (PAC) for a typical synthetic organic chemical, to evaluate the importance of particle size and background organics, and to develop a procedure to predict the performance of PAC. Results showed that performance can be significantly improved by using smaller‐size PAC but that the rate of adsorption and PAC capacity are markedly reduced when naturally occurring humic substances are present in the groundwater. Accurate predictions of the removal of trace organics by PAC in a continuously stirred tank reactor were made by running equilibrium and closed‐batch kinetic tests, determining equilibrium and kinetic constants, and using an equation to determine the removal efficiency of the PAC for any contact time.
[A new system for the quantitative evaluation of motor commands for neurorehabilitation]. (2010)

In this study, we introduce a new method to analyze the functional significance of motor commands based on the causal relationship between muscle activities and movement kinematics. We asked 4 healthy subjects to perform 2 movement tasks involving movements of the wrist joint with a manipulandum: (1) a step-tracking movement, and (2) a smooth pursuit movement to follow a smoothly moving target with a cursor. We recorded the movements of the wrist joint and the electromyography (EMG) signals from 4 prime movers of the wrist. We then identified the causal relationship between the muscle activities and the movement kinematics in terms of the torque at the wrist joint torque. Correlation coefficients (R) between the muscle activities and the movement kinematics were surprisingly high for both the step-tracking movement (0.88-0.96) and the smooth pursuit movement (0.89-0.98). Nevertheless, the ratio of the viscosity coefficient B and the elastic coefficient K for the of the causal relationship was systematically different for the 2 movement tasks. For the step-tracking movement, the elastic coefficient K was much higher than the viscosity coefficient B (K>>B, B/K ratio = 0-0.25), suggesting that the muscle activities were correlated mainly with position of the wrist joint. In other words, the central nervous system (CNS) mainly controls the target position during the step-tracking movement. In contrast, for the smooth pursuit movement, the elastic coefficient K and the viscosity coefficient B were similar (B approximately equal to K, B/K ratio = 1.0-2.1), suggesting that the muscle activities were correlated both with the position and velocity of the wrist joint. In other words, the CNS controls the velocity as well as position of the target during the smooth pursuit movement. Overall, the controller for the wrist movement can switch between the position-control mode and the position/velocity-control mode depending on the requirement of the task. Our new method is a unique noninvasive tool for the bedside evaluation of the condition of motor controllers in the CNS. Thus, it is useful for finding evidence of neurorehabilitation.
BLACK MAGIC IN GEOPHYSICAL PROSPECTING (1936)

Abstract The term “doodle-bug” is coming more and more to mean proposed methods of geophysical prospecting that are neither based upon scientific fact nor upon known or proven properties of oil, minerals and geologic formations. The geophysicist is often consulted concerning the reliability of such a proposed method, and his task then is to explain scientifically just why the proposed methods fails and is unsuitable for the intended purpose (from Editor's Note).
Towards reliable real-time multiview tracking (2002)

We address the problem of reliable real-time 3D-tracking of multiple objects which are observed in multiple wide-baseline camera views. Establishing the spatio-temporal correspondence is a problem with combinatorial complexity in the number of objects and views. In addition vision based tracking suffers from the ambiguities introduced by occlusion, clutter and irregular 3D motion. We present a discrete relaxation algorithm for reducing the intrinsic combinatorial complexity by pruning the decision tree based on unreliable prior information from independent 2D-tracking for each view. The algorithm improves the reliability of spatio-temporal correspondence by simultaneous optimisation over multiple views in the case where 2D-tracking in one or more views is ambiguous. Application to the 3D reconstruction of human movement, based on tracking of skin-coloured regions in three views, demonstrates considerable improvement in reliability and performance. The results demonstrate that the optimisation over multiple views gives correct 3D reconstruction and object labeling in the presence of incorrect 2D-tracking whilst maintaining real-time performance.
Transcription factor EGR1 directs tendon differentiation and promotes tendon repair (2013)

Tendon formation and repair rely on specific combinations of transcription factors, growth factors, and mechanical parameters that regulate the production and spatial organization of type I collagen. Here, we investigated the function of the zinc finger transcription factor EGR1 in tendon formation, healing, and repair using rodent animal models and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Adult tendons of Egr1-/- mice displayed a deficiency in the expression of tendon genes, including Scx, Col1a1, and Col1a2, and were mechanically weaker compared with their WT littermates. EGR1 was recruited to the Col1a1 and Col2a1 promoters in postnatal mouse tendons in vivo. Egr1 was required for the normal gene response following tendon injury in a mouse model of Achilles tendon healing. Forced Egr1 expression programmed MSCs toward the tendon lineage and promoted the formation of in vitro-engineered tendons from MSCs. The application of EGR1-producing MSCs increased the formation of tendon-like tissues in a rat model of Achilles tendon injury. We provide evidence that the ability of EGR1 to promote tendon differentiation is partially mediated by TGF-β2. This study demonstrates EGR1 involvement in adult tendon formation, healing, and repair and identifies Egr1 as a putative target in tendon repair strategies.
Specificity and Crossreactivity of Immune Serum and Hybridoma Antibodies to Various Species of Avian Coccidia (1983)

The species-specificity and crossreactivity of serum antibodies (Ab) from birds immunized specifically with six different species of coccidia and of 24 hybridoma antibodies (Ab) developed against four species of chicken and two species of turkey coccidia were determined by use of the indirect immunofluorescent antibody (IFA) test on air-dried sporozoites. With few exceptions, the immune chicken sera were found to crossreact with all species of coccidia tested. Seven of the hybridoma Ab were species-specific, while the other 17 Ab demonstrated varying degrees of crossreactivity. Similar types of IFA patterns were seen with both the species-specific and crossreactive hybridoma Ab. Some of the crossreactive hybridoma Ab produced one type of IFA pattern with the sporozoites against which they were originally raised and different patterns with other species of sporozoites. The development of the hybridoma Ab has made it possible to identify the species of coccidia found in mixed infections and check the purity of laboratory strains.
The Critical Role of Biliary Candidiasis in Development of Surgical Site Infections after Pancreatoduodenectomy: Results of Prospective Study Using a Selective Culture Medium for Candida Species (2018)

In accordance with previous reports, the incidence of biliary candidiasis (BC) after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) was reported to be 0 to 5%, and the clinical significance of BC still has been elusive. In this study, we prospectively evaluated the precise incidence of BC after PD using the CHROMagar Candida plate in an attempt to elucidate whether BC has a significant impact on the clinical outcomes after PD. <i>Patients and Method</i>. From November 2014 to March 2016, the consecutive 51 patients who underwent PD were enrolled for this study. The bile juice was prospectively collected through the biliary stent tube on postoperative days (POD) 3, 7, and 14 and directly incubated onto the CHROMagar Candida plate for the cultivation of various Candida species. In the presence or absence of BC, we compared the incidence of SSIs. <i>Results</i>. The incidence of postoperative BC was 15% on POD 3, 24% on POD 7, and 39% on POD 14, respectively. Taken together, 22 patients out of 51 (43.1%) developed BC after PD. Moreover, the incidence of SSIs was significantly higher in patients with BC than in those without it (71% versus 7%, p=0.005). BC was selected as the only significant risk factor of SSIs after PD among the various risk factors. Even though a cause of BC is unknown, high level of alkaline phosphatase (cut-off line >300 IU/L) was selected as the only preoperative risk factor of the development of BC. <i>Conclusion</i>. We elucidated new evidence in which BC could be the independent cause of SSIs after PD and should not be recognized as just contamination artifacts. Preoperative assessment for identifying carriers of Candida species might be essential for reducing the incidence of SSIs after PD.
Metabolism of Monoterpenes: Conversion of <i>l</i>-Menthone to <i>l</i>-Menthol and <i>d</i>-Neomenthol by Stereospecific Dehydrogenases from Peppermint (<i>Mentha piperita</i>) Leaves (1982)

The monoterpene ketone l-menthone is specifically converted to l-menthol and l-menthyl acetate and to d-neomenthol and d-neomenthyl-beta-d-glucoside in mature peppermint (Mentha piperita L. cv. Black Mitcham) leaves. The selectivity of product formation results from compartmentation of the menthol dehydrogenase with the acetyl transferase and that of the neomenthol dehydrogenase with the glucosyl transferase. Soluble enzyme preparations, but not particulate preparations, from mature peppermint leaves catalyzed the NADPH-dependent reduction of l-menthone to both epimeric alcohols, and the two dehydrogenases responsible for these stereospecific transformations were resolved by affinity chromatography on Mātrex Gel Red A. Both enzymes have a molecular weight of approximately 35,000, possess a K(m) for NADPH of about 2 x 10(-5)m, are very sensitive to inhibition by thiol-directed reagents, and are not readily reversible. The menthol dehydrogenase showed a pH optimum at 7.5, exhibited a K(m) for l-menthone of about 2.5 x 10(-4)m, and also reduced d-isomenthone to d-neoisomenthol. The neomenthol dehydrogenase showed a pH optimum at 7.6, exhibited a K(m) for l-menthone of about 2.2 x 10(-5)m, and also reduced d-isomenthone to d-isomenthol. These stereochemically distinct, but otherwise similar, enzymes are of key importance in determining the metabolic fate of menthone in peppermint, and they are probably typical of the class of dehydrogenases thought to be responsible for the metabolism of monoterpene ketones during plant development.
Angiotensin II stimulates platelet-derived growth factor-B gene expression in cultured retinal pericytes through intracellular reactive oxygen species generation. (2003)

Platelet-derived growth factor-BB (PDGF-BB) is a potent mitogen and chemoattractant for microvascular endothelial cells and glial cells in the retina and is thus involved in the development of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. However, relatively little is known about the regulation of PDGF-B gene expression in retinal cells. In this study, we cloned partial complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding bovine PDGF-B and examined the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II), which is also implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy, on PDGF-B gene expression in bovine cultured retinal pericytes. Ang II was found to up-regulate PDGF-B messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in bovine retinal pericytes. Telmisartan, a newly developed Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist, or an antioxidant N-acetylcysteine significantly inhibited PDGF-B gene induction in Ang II-exposed pericytes. The present results suggest that Ang II-type 1 receptor interaction could stimulate PDGF-B gene expression in cultured retinal pericytes through intracellular reactive oxygen species generation and could thus be involved in the progression of diabetic retinopathy.
Extensive porosity at the cement–femoral prosthesis interface: A preliminary study (1993)

This study is the first description of the extensive porosity which is preferentially located at the cement-prosthesis interface of cemented femoral components of total hip replacements. The observation is important because the interfacial porosity may decrease the strength of the cement-femoral prosthesis interface and jeopardize the mechanical integrity of the cement mantle. We examined the cement-metal interfaces from a multiplicity of in vivo and in vitro specimens using both optical and scanning electron microscopy. These samples included several stem designs, implants made from either Co-Cr or Ti alloy, implants made with a variety of surface finishes and both centrifuged and uncentrifuged cement. All in vivo and in vitro samples had marked porosity in the cement focally concentrated at the cement-metal interface. The amount of porosity at the interface greatly exceeded the amount of general porosity found throughout the bulk cement. Centrifuging did not affect the interfacial porosity, and neither did alloy nor surface finish. The presence of these pores may be explained by the rheological characteristics of the cement.
Fast segmentation of large images (2003)

The processing of large images is a generic problem in wide area surveillance. An important difficulty is that many image processing algorithms are global rather than local and hence can be infeasible due to the required computing time or memory resources when processing very large images. Consequently there is a need to break such image processing problems into smaller pieces. A similar need also arises when the requirement is to process the imagery on-line as it is being collected. liere, we consider the particular problem of image segmentation. The approach we take is to divide the large image into smaller overlapping tiles. We segment each tile separately and then patch the results together. The main contribution of this paper is our answer to the question of how to handle ambiguities in the overlapping areas. Our solution is applicable to any segmentation algorithm which is based on region merging. The particular algorithm we use is known as the Full Lambda Schedule Algorithm (FLSA). We also include a description of some refinements to the original algorithm which provide speed and efficiency improvements.