gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Virtual computing and the Virtual Computer (2002)

Virtual computing is an entirely new form of supercomputing that allows an algorithm to be implemented in hardware. Based on the Xilinx FPGA and ICube's FPID the Virtual Computer is completely reconfigurable in every respect. Computing machines based on reconfigurable logic are hyper-scalable meaning they scale up better than 1-1.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Potential Synergies of<i>β</i>-Hydroxybutyrate and Butyrate on the Modulation of Metabolism, Inflammation, Cognition, and General Health (2018)

The low-carbohydrate high-fat diet (LCHFD), also known as the ketogenic diet, has cycled in and out of popularity for decades as a therapeutic program to treat metabolic syndrome, weight mismanagement, and drug-resistant disorders as complex as epilepsy, cancer, dementia, and depression. Despite the benefits of this diet, health care professionals still question its safety due to the elevated serum ketones it induces and the limited dietary fiber. To compound the controversy, patient compliance with the program is poor due to the restrictive nature of the diet and symptoms related to energy deficit and gastrointestinal adversity during the introductory and energy substrate transition phase of the diet. The studies presented here demonstrate safety and efficacy of the diet including the scientific support and rationale for the administration of exogenous ketone bodies and ketone sources as a complement to the restrictive dietary protocol or as an alternative to the diet. This review also highlights the synergy provided by exogenous ketone, <i>β</i>-hydroxybutyrate (BHB), accompanied by the short chain fatty acid, butyrate (BA) in the context of cellular and physiological outcomes. More work is needed to unveil the molecular mechanisms by which this program provides health benefits.
Mage-b vaccine delivered by recombinant Listeria monocytogenes is highly effective against breast cancer metastases (2008)

New therapies are needed that target breast cancer metastases. In previous studies, we have shown that vaccination with pcDNA3.1-Mage-b DNA vaccine is effective against breast cancer metastases. In the study presented here, we have further enhanced the efficacy of Mage-b vaccination through the improved delivery of the vaccine using recombinant Listeria monocytogenes (LM). Three overlapping fragments of Mage-b as well as the complete protein-encoding region of Mage-b have been expressed as a fusion protein with a truncated non-cytolytic form of listeriolysin O (LLO) in recombinant LM. These different Mage-b vaccine strains were preventively tested for their efficacy against breast cancer metastases in a syngeneic mouse tumour model 4T1. The LM-LLO-Mage-b/2nd, expressing position 311-660 of the cDNA of Mage-b, was the most effective vaccine strain against metastases in the 4T1 mouse breast tumour model. Vaccination with LM-LLO-Mage-b/2nd dramatically reduced the number of metastases by 96% compared with the saline group and by 88% compared with the vector control group (LM-LLO), and this correlated with strong Mage-b-specific CD8 T-cell responses in the spleen, after restimulation with Mage-b. However, no effect of LM-LLO-Mage-b/2nd was observed on 4T1 primary tumours, which may be the result of a complete absence of Mage-b-specific immune responses in the draining lymph nodes. Vaccination with LM-LLO-Mage-b/2nd could be an excellent follow-up after removal of the primary tumour, to eliminate metastases and residual tumour cells.
Workshop on the practical use of recommender systems algorithms & technology (2010)

User modeling, adaptation, and personalization techniques have hit the mainstream. The explosion of social network websites, on-line user-generated content platforms, and the tremendous growth in computational power of mobile devices are generating incredibly large amounts of user data, and an increasing desire of users to "personalize" (their desktop, e-mail, news site, phone). The potential value of personalization has become clear both as a commodity for the benefit or enjoyment of end-users, and as an enabler of new or better services -- a strategic opportunity to enhance and expand businesses. An exciting characteristic of recommender systems is that they draw the interest of industry and businesses while posing very interesting research and scientific challenges.
Design and Implementation of a Three- Dimensional Printer Using a Cylindrical Printing Process (2016)

Many 3D printers utilize a Cartesian (XYZ) printing process. Implementing a polar coordinate printer providing a faster printing method and introduces new printing algorithms, increasing printing efficiency. This cylindrical 3D printer applies a circular-moving baseplate and a heating printer head (extruder) moving radially and vertically. A processor accepts pre-processed polar data points and transpose the appropriate programmed printing commands to the motors units. The extruder also has a control loop, keeping the temperature inside the desired range. This prototype prints using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. Additionally, a display screen updates every second the: printing time, extruder temperature, and status notifications.
JPEG2000: highly scalable image compression (2002)

JPEG2000 is the latest ISO/IEC image compression standard. It is distinct from previous standards in that it is more than an input-output filter. JPEG2000 enables decompression of many image products from a single compressed file and offers several opportunities for compressed domain processing. This paper describes the feature set of the JPEG2000 compression standard, followed by a high level description of the algorithm.
Nucleophilic Substitution Reactions of (Alkoxymethylene)dimethylammonium Chloride (1998)

The use of imidate esters as potential replacements for diethyl azodicarboxylate and triphenylphosphine in the Mitsunobu reaction is described. A series of secondary alcohols were allowed to react with (chloromethylene)dimethylammonium chloride, generated from dimethylformamide (DMF) and oxalyl chloride, to give imidate esters. Reaction of these salts with potassium benzoate or potassium phthalimide gave the products of S(N)2 substitution in excellent yields with clean inversion of stereochemistry. Optimization of reaction conditions is discussed as a means to increase the atom economy of the process by minimizing the quantity of nucleophile required.
Optically coupled high-voltage isolation amplifier (1978)

A common and persistent problem in modern instrumentation is the observation and recording of small signal waveforms that are removed from ground by very high voltages. Examples of this are the instrumentation of neutral particle injectors used in controlled thermonuclear research and the construction of safety breaks for air core toroidal devices. To overcome this problem a very high voltage isolation amplifier was designed. It employs analog-to-digital conversion with serial data transmission on a fiber optic cable.
The Domain Organization of Human Topoisomerase I (1996)

Using limited proteolysis, we show that the domain boundaries of human topoisomerase I closely parallel those predicted from sequence comparisons with other cellular Topo I enzymes. The enzyme is comprised of (i) an NH2-terminal domain (approximately 24 kDa), which is known to be dispensable for activity, (ii) the core domain (approximately 54 kDa), (iii) a linker region (approximately 3 kDa), and (iv) the COOH-terminal domain (approximately 10 kDa), which contains the active site tyrosine. The highly conserved core and COOH-terminal domains are resistant to proteolysis, while the unconserved NH2-terminal and linker domains are sensitive. Noncovalent binding of Topo I to plasmid DNA or to short duplex oligonucleotides decreases the sensitivity of the linker to proteolysis by approximately a factor of 10 but has no effect on proteolysis of the NH2-terminal domain. When the enzyme is covalently complexed to an 18 base pair single-stranded oligonucleotide, the linker region is sensitive to proteolysis whether or not duplex DNA is present. The net positive charge of the linker domain suggests that at a certain point in catalysis the linker may bind directly to DNA. Further, we show that limited subtilisin cleavage can generate a mixture of 60-kDa core and approximately 10-kDa COOH-terminal fragments, which retain a level of topoisomerase activity that is nearly equal to undigested control samples, presumably because the two fragments remain associated after proteolytic cleavage. Thus, despite its potential role in DNA binding, the linker domain (in addition to the NH2-terminal domain) appears to be dispensable for topoisomerase activity. Finally, the limited proteolysis pattern of the human enzyme differs substantially from the limited proteolysis pattern of the vaccinia viral Topo I, indicating that the two enzymes belong to separate eukaryotic topoisomerase I subfamilies.
Cell Context-specific Effects of the β-Tubulin Glycylation Domain on Assembly and Size of Microtubular Organelles (2004)

Tubulin glycylation is a posttranslational modification found in cells with cilia or flagella. The ciliate Tetrahymena has glycylation on ciliary and cortical microtubules. We showed previously that mutating three glycylation sites on beta-tubulin produces immotile 9 + 0 axonemes and inhibits cytokinesis. Here, we use an inducible glycylation domain mutation and epitope tagging to evaluate the potential of glycylation-deficient tubulin for assembly and maintenance of microtubular systems. In axonemes, the major defects, including lack of the central pair, occurred during assembly, and newly made cilia were abnormally short. The glycylation domain also was required for maintenance of the length of already assembled cilia. In contrast to the aberrant assembly of cilia, several types of cortical organelles showed an abnormally high number of microtubules in the same mutant cells. Thus, the consequences of deficiency in tubulin glycylation are organelle type specific and lead to either insufficient assembly (cilia) or excessive assembly (basal bodies and cortical microtubules). We suggest that the diverse functions of the beta-tubulin glycylation domain are executed by spatially restricted microtubule-associated proteins.
Jacobian approach to fast acoustic model adaptation (2002)

This paper describes a Jacobian approach to fast adaptation of acoustic models to noisy environments. Acoustic models under a noise assumption are compensated by Jacobian matrices with the difference between assumed and observed noise cepstra. Detailed mathematical formulation and algorithm derivation are presented. Experiments showed that when a small amount of training data is given, this approach outperforms the existing approaches (such as PMC and NOVO) for composing a model from speech and noise models. It drastically reduces computational cost by replacing the complicated computation of model composition by simple matrix arithmetic and enables real-time environmental noise adaptation. Combination with spectrum subtraction is also discussed.
Expression (2008)

Abstract This chapter explores how the notion of expression should be understood within an expressivist theory. It is first argued that the key attractions of expressivism can be understood without any understanding of expression, in the process illustrating an argumentative technique important for expressivism: the Basic Expressivist Maneuver. The embedding problem is introduced, and used to show that expressivists need to treat sentential connectives as operating on mental states, rather than on propositions or truth values. This conclusion, along with other problems, is then used to dismiss common accounts of the expression relation in favour of the interpretation of expressivism as a kind of assertability semantics. And this, in turn, is used to draw the conclusion that ordinary descriptive sentences must inherit their truth conditions from the mental states that they express.
MP17, a fiber-specific intrinsic membrane protein from mammalian eye lens (1988)

A major protein with a molecular weight of 17,000, designated as MP17, has been identified in mammalian eye lens plasma membranes. Hydrophobic photolabeling experiments revealed that MP17 is a genuine intrinsic membrane protein. By using monoclonal antibodies we demonstrated that MP17 is not detectable in liver, heart, muscle, spleen and kidney, and thus can be considered, like MP26, as a lens-specific membrane protein. Furthermore, we showed that MP17 is a substrate for cAMP-dependent protein kinase and that it is a calmodulin-binding protein.
Plant lighting system with five wavelength-band light-emitting diodes providing photon flux density and mixing ratio control (2012)

The plant lighting system, with a computer with a graphical user interface program, can control the PFD and mixing ratios of five wavelength-band lights. A highly uniform PFD distribution was achieved, although an intentionally distorted PFD gradient was also created. Phototropic responses of oat coleoptiles to the blue light gradient demonstrated the merit of fine controllability of this plant lighting system.
The Successful Application of a Compartmental Completion Technique Used to Isolate Multiple Hydraulic-Fracture Treatments in Horizontal Bakken Shale Wells in North Dakota (2008)

Abstract Completing the Bakken shale in North Dakota presents options that are varied and complex. To achieve optimum recovery, the Bakken formation needs to be drilled horizontally and hydraulically fracture-stimulated. If the wellbore is drilled in the orientation to achieve a longitudinal fracture treatment, only one fracture treatment is needed and the issue of frac-stage isolation is not an issue. If the stress orientation is unknown, or the wellbore is drilled in the orientation for transverse oriented hydraulic fracture direction, then frac-stage isolation is an important decision. In the past few years, numerous methods have been tried to achieve good frac-stage isolation in the Bakken. A brief review of completion success in the Bakken identifies one method that has the highest degree of success when completing transverse-oriented hydraulic fractures. The best wells have an uncemented liner and a compartmental completion technique. These compartments can be tailored to cover specific areas of the borehole so the treatment is placed near the best shows. The frac compartments are created with the use of swellable external casing packers and ball-actuated stimulation sleeves. In one pumping event, multiple frac-stages are pumped, separated by opening individual stimulation sleeves selectively from the toe to the heel. The completion of two wells are discussed that show positive proof of this concept from a completion and production perspective.
Computer vision in interactive robotics (1996)

Computer vision provides many opportunities for novel man‐machine interfaces. Pointing and face gestures can be used as a simple, passive means of interfacing with computers and robots. We describe two novel algorithms to track the position and orientation of the user’s hand or face in video images. This information is used to determine where the hand or face is pointing. This can be used in interactive robotics to allow a user with manipulation disabilities or working in hazardous environments to guide a robot manipulator to pick up a simple object of interest.
Inter and intra-rater reliability of cervical auscultation to detect aspiration in patients with dysphagia (2002)

Presented with the swallowing sounds in isolation speech and language therapists cannot reliably classify swallows into those with accompanying aspiration and those without. There appears to be a problem of over detection of aspiration. Even in this small study, however, some individual therapists achieve such high reliability (kappa = 0.85) that they must be using successful internal criteria to interpret the swallow sounds correctly and further qualitative research may identify these.
Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of evolving focal cerebral ischemia. Comparison with histopathology in rats. (1994)

The degree of change for a particular magnetic resonance imaging parameter appeared to be related to the location and extent of neuronal injury, with the most dramatic changes occurring within the areas displaying the most severe histological damage. These results indicate that complete specification of all brain regions affected by ischemic brain injury may require a combination of imaging strategies applied over a period of days and suggest the possibility of using magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between permanent and reversible cell damage.
The capacity of broadband CDMA overlaying a GSM cellular system (2002)

The author proposes that one can overlay an existing GSM cellular network with a broadband CDMA cellular system utilizing direct-sequence spread spectrum alone with agile notch filters at the base station. Notch filter depths of 35 dB on receive and 20 dB in transmit were found to be adequate. Capacity calculations show that the B-CDMA overlay can approximately quadruple the nominal capacity of GSM, which is 16 channels per sector, by providing an additional 51 voice channels at 16 kbps each. Also, the author has calculated that the B-CDMA mobile transmits on average with 16 dB less power than the GSM mobile, while the CDMA base transmit power per channel would be about 5.5 dB less than the GSM base due to the lower CIR required by the B-CDMA overlay system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hydrodynamics-assisted scalable production of boron nitride nanosheets and their application in improving oxygen-atom erosion resistance of polymeric composites (2013)

Searching for a method for low-cost, easily manageable, and scalable production of boron nitride nanosheets (BNNSs) and exploring their novel applications are highly important. For the first time we demonstrate that a novel and effective hydrodynamics method, which involves multiple exfoliation mechanisms and thus leads to much higher yield and efficiency, can realize large-scale production of BNNSs. The exfoliation mechanisms that multiple fluid dynamics events contribute towards normal and lateral exfoliation processes could be applied to other layered materials. Up to ~95% of the prepared BNNSs are less than 3.5 nm thick with a monolayer fraction of ~37%. Compared to the conventional sonication and ball milling-based methods, the hydrodynamics method has the advantages of possessing multiple efficient ways for exfoliating BN, being low-cost and environmentally-friendly, producing high quality BNNSs in high yield and efficiency, and achieving concentrated BNNSs dispersions even in mediocre solvents. It is also shown for the first time that BNNSs can be utilized as fillers to improve the oxygen-atom erosion resistance of epoxy composites which are widely used for spacecraft in low earth orbit (LEO) where atom oxygen abounds. An addition of only 0.5 wt% BNNSs can result in a 70% decrease in the mass loss of epoxy composites after atom oxygen exposure equivalent to 160 days in an orbit of ~300 km. Overall, the demonstrated hydrodynamics method shows great potential in large-scale production of BNNSs in industry in terms of yield, efficiency, and environmental friendliness; and the innovative application of BNNSs to enhancing oxygen-atom erosion resistance of polymeric composites in space may provide a novel route for designing light spacecraft in LEO.
Metformin Sensitizes EGFR-TKI–Resistant Human Lung Cancer Cells <i>In Vitro</i> and <i>In Vivo</i> through Inhibition of IL-6 Signaling and EMT Reversal (2014)

Metformin, generally considered nontoxic and remarkably inexpensive, might be used in combination with TKIs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer, harboring EGFR mutations to overcome TKI resistance and prolong survival.
Asymmetric signal processing for indoor wireless LANs (1999)

Asymmetric signal processing is introduced and a number of asymmetric structures are proposed for indoor wireless LAN applications. Applied to equalization, an asymmetric structure has both its equalizers, in a two-way link, located at the base station to result in reduced complexity at the portable. A decision feedback equalizer (DFE) would equalize data from the portable while a Tomlinson-Harashima precoder with its forward filter located at the base station (TH-FF) would preequalize transmission to the portable. Methods are proposed for characterizing the DFE and the TH-PF filters using available information at the base station only. Performance results reported include: 1) bit error rate (BER), 2) signal powers; 3) power spectral densities (PSDs); and 4) sensitivity to automatic gain control (AGC). Using today's custom-designed ASIC, the required complexity at the base station appears feasible for up to 20 Mb/s. Potential applications include portable wireless computers and indoor LAN's for the Ethernet standard (>10 Mb/s).
Exploring the multiple-GPU design space (2009)

Graphics processing units (GPUs) have been growing in popularity due to their impressive processing capabilities, and with general purpose programming languages such as NVIDIA's CUDA interface, are becoming the platform of choice in the scientific computing community. Previous studies that used GPUs focused on obtaining significant performance gains from execution on a single GPU. These studies employed low-level, architecture-specific tuning in order to achieve sizeable benefits over multicore CPU execution. In this paper, we consider the benefits of running on multiple (parallel) GPUs to provide further orders of performance speedup. Our methodology allows developers to accurately predict execution time for GPU applications while varying the number and configuration of the GPUs, and the size of the input data set. This is a natural next step in GPU computing because it allows researchers to determine the most appropriate GPU configuration for an application without having to purchase hardware, or write the code for a multiple-GPU implementation. When used to predict performance on six scientific applications, our framework produces accurate performance estimates (11% difference on average and 40% maximum difference in a single case) for a range of short and long running scientific programs.
Experimental Demonstration of Long-Distance Analog Transmission over Few-Mode Fibers (2015)

We demonstrate the first FMF-based analog fiber-optic link to increase link gain and reduce intermodulation distortions. Compared with SMF, FMF-based link increased input power by 3 dB and reduced third-order intermodulation distortion by 3 dB.
Design of DOEs for wavelength division and focusing (2005)

Abstract We propose a technique for calculating the color separation gratings aimed at separating plane light beams of different wavelengths into different diffraction orders. The technique is based on a special-type optimization criterion. With this criterion, the problem of calculating the piecewise-constant grating profile is reduced to sequentially solving independent problems of optimization of the step heights. We derived an analytical expression for the profile of a color separation grating that generalizes the familiar analytical solutions. The criterion introduced is used to design a diffractive optical element (DOE) that generates required light beams when it is illuminated by different wavelengths. Design of color separation gratings able to separate three and five different wavelengths and DOEs to demultiplex and focus the two- and three-wavelength beams is presented. Acknowledgments On the Russian part the work is financially supported by the joint Russian-American program 'Basic Research and Higher Education' (BRHE), by the presidential grants of the Russian Federation MD-210.2003.01, NS-1007.2003.01, by the RFBR grant No. 04-01-96517 and project FIRB code RBNE01BSXF.