gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In Situ Studyof Abundant Expression of Proinflammatory Chemokines and Cytokines inPulmonary Granulomas That Develop in Cynomolgus MacaquesExperimentally Infected with<i>Mycobacteriumtuberculosis</i> (2003)

Tuberculosis remains a major public health problem worldwide. Chemokines and cytokines organize and direct infiltrating cells to sites of infection, and these molecules likely play crucial roles in granuloma formation and maintenance. To address this issue, we used in situ hybridization (ISH) to measure chemokine and cytokine mRNA expression levels and patterns directly in lung tissues from cynomolgus macaques (Macaca fascicularis) experimentally infected with a low dose of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis. We examined more than 300 granulomas and observed abundant expression of gamma interferon (IFN-gamma)-inducible chemokine mRNAs (CXCL9/monokine induced by IFN-gamma, CXCL10/IFN-gamma-inducible protein, and CXCL11/IFN-gamma-inducible T-cell alpha-chemoattractant) within solid and caseous granulomas, and there was only minimal expression in nongranulomatous regions of tissue. The mRNA expression patterns of IFN-gamma and tumor necrosis factor alpha were examined in parallel, and the results revealed that cytokine mRNA(+) cells were abundant and generally localized to the granulomas. Mycobacterial 16S rRNA expression was also measured by ISH, and the results revealed that there was localization predominantly to the granulomas and that the highest signal intensity was in caseous granulomas. We observed several granulomatous lesions with exceptionally high levels of RNA for mycobacterial 16S rRNA, IFN-gamma, and IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines, suggesting that the local presence of mycobacteria is partially responsible for the upregulation of IFN-gamma-inducible chemokines and recruitment of CXCR3(+) cells, which were also abundant in granulomatous lesions. These results suggest that expression of CXCR3 ligands and the subsequent recruitment of CXCR3(+) cells are involved in granuloma formation and maintenance.
Enantioselective and diastereoselective catalysis of the Mukaiyama aldol reaction: ene mechanism in titanium-catalyzed aldol reactions of silyl enol ethers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEnantioselective and diastereoselective catalysis of the Mukaiyama aldol reaction: ene mechanism in titanium-catalyzed aldol reactions of silyl enol ethersKoichi Mikami and Satoru MatsukawaCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1993, 115, 15, 7039–7040Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1993https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00068a098RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1813Altmetric-Citations141LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (234 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (2)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Optical cross-connect systems for restoration of backbone fiber networks (2002)

Summary form only given. As the capacity of backbone networks is becoming larger, restoration against fiber/cable failures must become faster, because large amounts of data would be lost during the failure. The optical cross-connect (OXC) technology is an attractive alternative for fast restoration, and has the potential to provide bandwidth-management capability in future wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) networks. This paper describes newly developed OXC systems with a low insertion loss of 1.16 dB and a high-speed restoration of <150 ms.
Establishment and characterization of differentiated, nontransformed hepatocyte cell lines derived from mice transgenic for transforming growth factor alpha. (1994)

Hepatocytes are extensively used in studies of gene regulation but cannot be maintained in long-term culture as replicating, differentiated cells while remaining nontumorigenic. We have derived two hepatocyte lines from livers of transgenic mice overexpressing transforming growth factor alpha, a potent hepatocyte mitogen, which overcome these limitations. The transgenic hepatocytes were maintained for > or = 2 months in serum-supplemented primary culture and gave rise to cell lines, of which two (AML12 and AML14) have been cultured for > 1.5 years (> 80 passages). Both lines have typical hepatocyte features such as peroxisomes and bile canalicular-like structures, do not grow in soft agar, and are nontumorigenic in nude mice. Like normal hepatocytes, AML cells express high levels of mRNA for serum (albumin, alpha 1-antitrypsin, and transferrin) and gap junction (connexins 26 and 32) proteins, secrete albumin, and contain solely isozyme 5 of lactate dehydrogenase. After extensive passaging, AML12 cells continue to strongly coexpress hepatocyte connexin mRNAs but do not display nonparenchymal cell markers. Although mRNA levels for some serum proteins progressively fall, high expression in late AML12 cultures may be regained by passage in serum-free medium. The AML14 line loses expression of both differentiated markers and transgene mRNA with extended passaging, and hepatocytic traits are only partially restored by passage in serum-free medium. These differentiated, nontumorigenic cell lines should serve as models in which to study hepatocyte growth and differentiation.
Identification of Candida albicans by using different culture medias and its association in potentially malignant and malignant lesions (2011)

The oral mucosa is compromised in potentially malignant lesions, it can be argued that this species may be involved in carcinogenesis by elaborating the nitrosamine compounds which either act directly on oral mucosa or interact with other chemical carcinogens to activate specific proto-oncogenes and thereby initiate oral neoplasia.
Congenital stationary night blindness is associated with the leopard complex in the miniature horse (2011)

The Miniature Horse breed is affected by CSNB and it appears to be associated with LP as in the Appaloosa breed. The SNPs tested could be used as a DNA test for CSNB until the causative mutation is determined.
Allocution du nouveau Président (1902)

Berger Philippe. Allocution du nouveau Président. In: Comptes rendus des séances de l'Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres, 46ᵉ année, N. 1, 1902. pp. 2-6.
Nonlinear Robust Tracking Control of a Quadrotor<scp>UAV</scp>on<scp>SE</scp>(3) (2012)

Abstract This paper provides nonlinear tracking control systems for a quadrotor unmanned aerial vehicle ( UAV ) that are robust to bounded uncertainties. A mathematical model of a quadrotor UAV is defined on the special E uclidean group, and nonlinear output‐tracking controllers are developed to follow (i) an attitude command, and (ii) a position command for the vehicle center of mass. The controlled system has the desirable properties that the tracking errors are uniformly ultimately bounded, and the size of the ultimate bound can be reduced arbitrarily by control system parameters. Numerical examples illustrating complex maneuvers are provided.
Nucleotide sequence and organization of the mouse adenine phosphoribosyltransferase gene: presence of a coding region common to animal and bacterial phosphoribosyltransferases that has a variable intron/exon arrangement. (1985)

We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a functional mouse adenine phosphoribosyltransferase (APRT) gene and its cDNA. The amino acid sequence of the enzyme is deduced from an open reading frame in the cDNA and predicts a protein with a molecular weight of 19,560. The protein coding region of the gene is approximately 2 kilobases, and it is composed of five exons and four introns. While the body of the gene is 53% G + C, the 200 nucleotides upstream from the ATG translation start codon are 66% G + C and contain three copies of the sequence C-C-G-C-C-C. The mouse APRT enzyme shares a homologous 20-amino acid sequence with mouse, hamster, and human hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferases (HPRTs) and several bacterial phosphoribosyltransferases. This sequence has previously been shown to be a likely catalytic domain in human HPRT and Escherichia coli glutamine phosphoribosyltransferase. Because of the similarities in function of these proteins, both eukaryotic and prokaryotic, it is not unexpected that they should exhibit one or more regions of homology, particularly at the 5-phosphoribosyl-1-pyrophosphate and purine binding sites, especially if they are related via a common evolutionary lineage. This homologous sequence is interrupted by a single intron in the mouse APRT gene and by two introns in the mouse HPRT gene. Furthermore, the positions of both introns in the HPRT sequence are different from that of the single intron in the corresponding sequence of the APRT gene.
Development of a Radioligand Tissue Receptor Assay for Human Follicle-Stimulating Hormone<sup>1</sup> (1974)

A rat testes tubule receptor preparation has been characterized with respect to its usefulness for measurement of FSH activity in fractions derived from human pituitary glands. Highly purified human FSH, iodinated by a modification of the chloramine-T procedure, was employed as the radioligand. A series of human gonadotropin fractions were assayed in the FSH radioligand-receptor assay (RLA) and also in the Steelman-Pohley hCG-augmented rat ovarian weight gain assay (S-P assay), using LER-907 (20 IU/mg) as the assay reference preparation in each instance. The index of discrimination (ID) for a series of hFSH fractions ranging in potency from 53 IU/mg to 3608 IU/mg was 1.05. Highly purified hLH, hTSH and hCG showed 125I-hFSH uptake inhibition activity ranging from 0.9 to 3.6% that of highly purified hFSH. Significant uptake inhibition of labeled hFSH could be obtained with 2.5 ng of pure hFSH, while no uptake inhibition was seen with 10,000 ng of human growth hormone, human prolactin, ovine prolactin, ACTH and human serum albumin. Asialo-hFSH had a potency in the RLA 680 times greater than in the S-P assay, indicating that as with hLH and hCG, sialic acid is not required for receptor binding activity of hFSH. The usefulness of the RLA in following the combination of subunits of hFSH was also demonstrated. (Endocrinology94: 483, 1974)
Basic ESD and I/O Design (1998)

With advantages such as simplicity, intuitiveness, and practicality, the nomogram (including age, peak temperature, fever duration, pathogen, and vomiting) is capable of predicting severe HFMD and has certain auxiliary value in clinical applications.
Venous gas emboli and complement activation after deep repetitive air diving. (1991)

Complement activity has been linked to decompression sickness (DCS), but the effects of intravascular bubbles on complement activation are poorly understood. We have investigated intravascular complement activation by measuring red blood cell (RBC)-bound C3d after repetitive air diving in man. Subjects were exposed to a single, 20 min, 170 fsw (feet of sea water) dive, or to 2 such dives with a 6-h surface interval. Doppler monitoring for venous gas emboli was performed postdive. Predive blood samples were studied to determine sensitivity of complement to activation by air bubbles. Other predive and postdive venous samples were evaluated for intravascular complement activation. No cases of DCS occurred in 39 dives. Baseline complement sensitivity appeared normally distributed, thus "sensitive" and "insensitive" subjects were not clearly distinguishable. RBC-bound C3d did not increase after 1 dive but did increase after the repetitive dive (P less than 0.05). Furthermore, maximum bubble grade was independent of complement activation.
Design, synthesis and preliminary studies on a novel class of chiral receptor for the recognition of amino acid derivatives 1 (1998)

H. Tye, C. Eldred and M. Wills, J. Chem. Soc., Perkin Trans. 1, 1998, 457 DOI: 10.1039/A706843C
Regulation of Protein Kinase B and Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 by Insulin and β-Adrenergic Agonists in Rat Epididymal Fat Cells (1997)

Previous studies using L6 myotubes have suggested that glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3) is phosphorylated and inactivated in response to insulin by protein kinase B (PKB, also known as Akt or RAC) (Cross, D. A. E., Alessi, D. R., Cohen, P., Andjelkovic, M., and Hemmings, B. A. (1995) Nature 378, 785-789). In the present study, marked increases in the activity of PKB have been shown to occur in insulin-treated rat epididymal fat cells with a time course compatible with the observed decrease in GSK-3 activity. Isoproterenol, acting primarily through beta3-adrenoreceptors, was found to decrease GSK-3 activity to a similar extent (approximately 50%) to insulin. However, unlike the effect of insulin, the inhibition of GSK by isoproterenol was not found to be sensitive to inhibition by the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase inhibitors, wortmannin or LY 294002. The change in GSK-3 activity brought about by isoproterenol could not be mimicked by the addition of permeant cyclic AMP analogues or forskolin to the cells, although at the concentrations used, these agents were able to stimulate lipolysis. Isoproterenol, but again not the cyclic AMP analogues, was found to increase the activity of PKB, although to a lesser extent than insulin. While wortmannin abolished the stimulation of PKB activity by insulin, it was without effect on the activation seen in response to isoproterenol. The activation of PKB by isoproterenol was not accompanied by any detectable change in the electrophoretic mobility of the protein on SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. It would therefore appear that distinct mechanisms exist for the stimulation of PKB by insulin and isoproterenol in rat fat cells.
A Multiprocessor Implementation of Relaxation-Based Electrical Circuit Simulation (1984)

The electrical circuit simulation of large integrated circuits is very expensive. New relaxation-based algorithms promise to reduce this cost by exploiting the properties of large networks. However, this speed improvement is not sufficient for the cost-effective analysis of very large circuits. While array processors have helped inprove the performance of circuit simulators, further improvement can be achieved by the use of special-purpose multiprocessors. In this paper, the implementation of a relaxation-based circuit simulation algorithm, called Iterated Timing Analaysis, on a multi-processor is described. Initial results indicate that this approach has a great deal of potential for reducing the cost of circuit simulation.
Solid solubility of As in Si as determined by ion implantation and cw laser annealing (1979)

Complete electrical activity was obtained by cw laser annealing of 7×1015 As/cm2 implanted into (100) Si at 100 keV. The peak concentration for these implantation conditions is 1.4×1021/cm3, both theoretically and experimentally. However, this peak concentration was found to be thermally unstable, relaxing to a value of 3×1020/cm3 in a period of less than 2 min at 900 °C. If the peak implanted concentration is below 3×1020/cm3, the electrical activation and crystal structure are unaffected by similar thermal processing. We conclude from these data that the solid solubility of As in Si at 900 °C is approximately 3×1020/cm3, which is almost an order of magnitude below the published value.
Aluminum-Induced Mitogenesis in MC3T3-E1 Osteoblasts: Potential Mechanism Underlying Neoosteogenesis* (1991)

We recently reported that aluminum administration to beagles stimulates uncoupled bone formation in the marrow cavity which increases trabecular bone volume and generates new osseous networks within the axial skeleton. To investigate whether this osteogenic process results from direct stimulation of bone cell replication, we examined the mitogenic effects of aluminum on undifferentiated osteoblasts derived from the MC3T3-E1 clonal cell line. Addition of AlCl3 (1-50 microM) to serum-free culture medium of quiescent osteoblasts resulted in a dose-dependent increase in [3H]thymidine incorporation into DNA and a concordant increase in cell number to 48% of the density achieved at the maximum replicative rate induced by fetal bovine serum (FBS). The time course of aluminum-induced mitogenesis was similar to that of FBS, with onset of DNA synthesis detectable by 12 h and progressive increases in replicative rates observed over a 48-h study period. Moreover, maximal stimulation of DNA synthesis by AlCl3 and that by FBS were not additive, whereas aluminum exerted additional effects on cell replication when combined with low FBS concentrations. Analysis of cell cycle kinetics indicated that aluminum, analogous to FBS, influences the osteoblast replicative activity by inducing transition from the G0 to the S phase of the cell cycle. In addition, exposure of cells to aluminum resulted in rapid accumulation of c-fos mRNA by 30 min, indicating that aluminum, like fetal bovine serum, induced expression of growth-regulating genes. Deferoxamine mesylate, a chelator of aluminum, blocked the replicative actions of aluminum in a dose-dependent fashion. In contrast, pertussis toxin, a specific inhibitor of certain G-proteins, had no effect on the mitogenic effects of aluminum, indicating that aluminum-induced mitogenesis occurs by a pertussis toxin-insensitive pathway. Though the particular cellular pathway remains to be defined, these data provide initial evidence that aluminum-induced neoosteogenesis may depend upon direct stimulation of osteoblast replication.
Novel HIV-1 non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors: a patent review (2005 – 2010) (2011)

An in-depth analysis of the common binding configuration and structural features of NNRTIs, as well as the underlying clues to the 'follow-on'-based chemical evolution efforts (including the key medicinal chemistry principles and strategies: bioisosteric replacement, molecular hybridization, scaffold hopping, prodrug, etc.) has greatly accelerated the optimization of the pharmacodynamic (PD) and PK profiles. There is still a good deal of opportunity to discover new highly potent NNRTIs or novel scaffolds with unconventional mechanisms for reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibition.
Effect of omega-3 fatty acids on the progression of metastases after the surgical excision of human breast cancer cell solid tumors growing in nude mice. (1996)

We showed previously that a diet rich in linoleic acid (LA), an omega-6 fatty acid, stimulates the growth and metastasis of human breast cancer cells in athymic nude mice. In contrast, diets supplemented with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), omega-3 fatty acids, exert suppressive effects. We have now assessed EPA and DHA as adjuvant nutritional therapy in the nude mouse model and compared the responses when the intervention was commenced 1 week before ("neoadjuvant") or immediately after ("postoperative adjuvant") surgical excision of the primary tumor. Female nude mice received a high-fat, 8% LA diet beginning 7 days before 10(6) MDA-MB-435 human breast cancer cells were injected into a thoracic mammary fat pad. As the tumor surface areas approached 0. 7 cm2, the mice were assigned to either continue on the LA-rich diet or to commence one containing 8, 4, or 2% EPA or DHA. Seven days later, the mammary fat pad tumors were excised; the mice still consuming the 8% LA diet were then allocated sequentially to either continue this diet or commence one of the six postexcision omega-3 fatty acid dietary interventions. Eight weeks later, the mice were necropsied and evaluated for local recurrence and lung metastases. Although there were no differences in the incidence of local recurrence between groups, EPA and DHA both inhibited the development of lung metastases. When the dietary interventions were commenced 7 days before surgery, the severity of lung metastasis was reduced by the two omega-3 fatty acids in a dose-dependent manner; at all three levels, the suppressive effects were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Postexcision EPA treatment produced small, statistically insignificant effects, but lung involvement was reduced significantly by feeding DHA at the 2 and 4% levels (P < 0. 05). Overall, these results suggest that omega-3 fatty acids may have a place as adjuvant nutritional therapy in breast cancer and particularly as part of a neoadjuvant regimen.
Molecular Cloning, Characterization, and Differential Expression of a Glucoamylase Gene from the Basidiomycetous Fungus <i>Lentinula edodes</i> (2000)

The complete nucleotide sequence of putative glucoamylase gene gla1 from the basidiomycetous fungus Lentinula edodes strain L54 is reported. The coding region of the genomic glucoamylase sequence, which is preceded by eukaryotic promoter elements CAAT and TATA, spans 2,076 bp. The gla1 gene sequence codes for a putative polypeptide of 571 amino acids and is interrupted by seven introns. The open reading frame sequence of the gla1 gene shows strong homology with those of other fungal glucoamylase genes and encodes a protein with an N-terminal catalytic domain and a C-terminal starch-binding domain. The similarity between the Gla1 protein and other fungal glucoamylases is from 45 to 61%, with the region of highest conservation found in catalytic domains and starch-binding domains. We compared the kinetics of glucoamylase activity and levels of gene expression in L. edodes strain L54 grown on different carbon sources (glucose, starch, cellulose, and potato extract) and in various developmental stages (mycelium growth, primordium appearance, and fruiting body formation). Quantitative reverse transcription PCR utilizing pairs of primers specific for gla1 gene expression shows that expression of gla1 was induced by starch and increased during the process of fruiting body formation, which indicates that glucoamylases may play an important role in the morphogenesis of the basidiomycetous fungus.
A new heuristic embedded approach for multi-constraint air-cargo loading problem (2006)

The paper discusses the complexities of the air cargo loading problem and provides an effective approach based on the proposed heuristic to tackle the problem. The primitive class of problems like general bin packing, cutting stock and knapsack problems can be taken as the basic step towards the air-cargo loading problem. The discussed problem is very different in its nature in respect to the general pallet, container or truck loading problem. Generally, the container loading problems consider only the rectangular type of containers to load the items whereas in case of air-cargos, the shape of containers are very different such as irregular pentagon, hexagon etc. Apart from this, the objective of air cargo loading problem discussed in this paper is based on the minimization of the shipping cost of the container keeping in mind the number of constraints involved in loading. In past research literatures, most of the container loading problems are aimed to pack the container in such a way so that either the number of containers is minimized or the volume of the packed items are maximized. In this paper the objective function includes the shipment cost as the primary goal and the volume and weight of the containers are taken as constraints. A very interesting finding can be noticed in this paper which states that even if the container's volume is properly utilized the cost of shipment may be increased.