gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An OFDM receiver with smoothed FFT-window and RLS-MLSE for fast multipath fading environments with large delay spread (2003)

This paper proposes a new OFDM receiver for fast varying multipath fading environments with large delay spread. The delay difference that is greater than the GI of the OFDM signal results in inter-symbol interference (ISI) and inter-channel interference (ICI). The new OFDM receiver consists of equalizers for both ISI and ICI, and an accurate channel impulse response estimator. In addition, it introduces the smoothed FFT-window in order to reduce ICI. The channel impulse responses are estimated by RLS-MLSE which is a novel joint processing parameter estimation and signal detection. Computer simulations in the IEEE 802.11a format show that the proposed OFDM receiver is very effective in ISI and ICI fading environments.
A Novel Adaptive Jerk Control With Application to Large Workspace Tracking on a Flexure-Linked Dual-Drive Gantry (2018)

In this work, the design of a novel the flexure-linked dual-drive H-gantry is first introduced. Compared to conventional stacked X-Y tables, the advantages of this gantry are on decoupled X-Y actuation, better mechanical reliability, larger driving force, and shorter response time. However, after deriving its reduced-order dynamical model, it is found that the precision of the end-effector is significantly affected by the position dependent torque caused by the inter-parallel-axes driving forces on the fixed inertia frame and coupling forces from the pair of flexures. These form barriers that limit precision positioning and tracking performance over a large workspace. Thus, in the following part, a robust integral of signum of error (RISE) control with novel jerk adaptation is proposed on top of the standard proportional-integral-derivative (PID) and feedforward scheme. Compared with some prior RISE schemes with gain adaptation, the proposed scheme yields bounded robust gain in the presence of noisy velocity estimation. Real-time experiments on the actual testbed indicate that both improvement of motion precision and prevention of resonant mode excitation over a large workspace are successfully achieved in the proposed scheme.
Modular EV Fast Charging Station Architectures based on Multiphase-Medium-Frequency Transformer (2018)

The aim of reducing charging duration and the expected growth of the number of electric cars leads to a variable and high power demand on the current and near future fast charging stations (FCS). Currently, the voltage adaption from the MV level to the FCS is provided by a bulky 50/60 Hz transformer, leading to limited possibilities in the scalability in terms of charging power of the FCS. Therefore, in this paper three different modular possibilities to realize these systems by directly connecting a power electronic based solution to the medium voltage (MV) grid are investigated. The necessary isolation is realized in the DC-DC stage by the medium frequency transformer of the quadruple active bridge, which, as it will be shown, can be connected in different configurations. The prospective best solution, the cascaded H-bridge + interphase quadruple active bridge, is analyzed in more detail. The benefit of this architecture is the direct MV connection possibility and simultaneously natural power balancing among the three phases. Furthermore, the architecture provides modularity and scalability with respect to the desired power level of the charging station.
Surface electrical failure in the presence of contaminants: The inclined-plane liquid-contaminant test (1961)

Electrical failure of the surface of insulating materials can occur in several ways. These include: 1. Air breakdown (flashover) which transfers to the adjacent insulation surface. 2. Thermal degradation of the surface (from arc interruption nearby, etc.) which temporarily or permanently damages the surface so that electrical failure occurs. 3. Partial volume breakdown, particularly of alminates, just beneath the surface which produces thermal or other degradation so that final failure ultimately occurs on the surface. 4. Surface degradation from electrical corona starting initially in limited surface areas exposed to voltage gradients high enough to produce localized air breakdown. 5. Progressive failure across the surface resulting from tiny arcs (scintillation) caused by conducting, or partially conducting, surface contamination.
Bacteriophage translocation (2006)

The occurrence of phages in the human body, especially in the gastrointestinal tract, raises the question of their potential role in the physiology and pathology of this system. Especially important is the issue of whether phages can pass the intestinal wall and migrate to lymph, peripheral blood, and internal organs and, if so, the effects such a phenomenon could have (such passage by bacteria, known as bacterial translocation, has been shown to cause various disturbances in humans, from immune defects to sepsis). Available data from the literature support the assumption that phage translocation can take place and may have some immunomodulatory effects. In addition, phages of the gut may play a protective role by inhibiting local immune reactions to antigens derived from gut flora.
A 2.8 mW/Gb/s, 14 Gb/s Serial Link Transceiver (2017)

Design techniques to improve energy efficiency of serial link transceivers are presented. Power consumption is reduced by using: low-power clock generation, recovery, and distribution schemes; charge-based circuits to implement analog front-end and samplers/flip-flops; and a partially segmented voltage-mode (VM) output driver. An LC-oscillator based digital phase-locked loop (PLL) is used to generate a low jitter clock that is shared between the transmitter (Tx) and receiver (Rx). The clock recovery unit uses a local ring-oscillator based PLL to reduce the number of phase interpolators and the amount of high-frequency clock distribution. Charge-based samplers that were shown to operate with limited return-to-zero voltage swings and consume only dynamic power are modified to provide non-return-to-zero outputs and used extensively in the deserializer and Rx front-end circuits. A partially segmented VM output driver with embedded 2-tap de-emphasis is proposed to reduce power consumption of pre-drivers. Fabricated in a 65 nm CMOS process, the 14 Gb/s transceiver prototype employs aforementioned techniques and achieves an energy efficiency of 2.8 mW/Gb/s. The Tx achieves a phase margin of 0.36 UI (BER = 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> ) at the end of an 11 dB loss channel with an energy efficiency of 0.89 mW/Gb/s. The Rx recovers clock with 1.8 psrms long term absolute jitter at BER <; 10 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">-12</sup> and achieves an energy efficiency of 1.69 mW/Gb/s. The LC-oscillator based digital PLL achieves an integrated jitter of 0.605 psrms with an energy efficiency of 0.5 mW/GHz at 7 GHz output frequency.
Learning Bayesian networks with discrete variables from data (1995)

This paper describes a new greedy Bayesian search algorithm GBPS and a new combined algorithm PCGBPS for learning Bayesian net works Simulation tests of these algorithms with previously published algorithms are presented
지도자의 코칭리더십이 선수의 멘토링 및 팀 몰입에 미치는 영향 (2012)

연구는 태권도 지도자의 코칭리더십이 선수의 멘토링 및 팀 몰입에 미치는 영향을 규명하고 선수의 멘토링이 팀 몰입에 어떠한 영향을 미치는가에 대해 규명하여, 고등학교 태권도 선수의 팀몰입을 유도할 수 있는 내적특성을 이해하고, 각각의 고등학교 태권도 팀을 보다 세밀하고 효과적으로 관리할 수 있는 기초자료를 제공하는데 의미를 두고 있다. 연구대상은 2012년 제주도 평화기 중·고등학교 태권도 대회에 참가한 팀 중 15개 고등학교 태권도 팀 선수를 대상으로 편의표본추출법을 이용하여 187명의 자료를 사용하였다. 자료처리는 SPSS 18.0 프로그램을 이용하여 빈도분석, 요인분석, 상관분석, 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 이상과 같은 연구방법 및 자료 분석 결과를 기초로 이 연구에 서 도출된 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 코칭리더십의 하위요인인 방향제시, 개발, 수행평가, 관계 등 모든 요인에서 경력관련기능에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으며, 코칭리더십의 하위요인인 방향제시, 개발에서 심리사회기능에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났고, 코칭리더십의 하위요인인 방향제시, 개발, 수행평가에서 역할모형기능에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 코칭리더십의 하위요인인 방향제시, 개발에서 팀 몰입에 통계적으로 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 멘토링의 하위요인인 역할모형기능에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 이상의 결론을 토대로 살펴보면 태권도 지도자의 코칭리더십은 태권도 선수들에게 필요한 리더십으로 상호 교환에 중점을 두고 있는 코칭리더십을 통하여 선수의 멘토링을 강화시켜야 하며, 고등학교 태권도 선수들과의 다양한 접촉을 통하여 팀 몰입도를 높일 수 있도록 최선의 노력을 다해야 할 것이다.
Reservoir Characterization and Modeling of Lateral Heterogeneity Using Multivariate Analysis (2014)

Reservoir characterization deals with the description of the reservoir in detail for rock and fluid properties within a zone of interest. The scope of this study is to model lateral continuity of lithofacies and characterize reservoir rock properties using geostatistical approach on multiple data sets obtained from a structural depression in the bight of Bohai basin, China. Analytical methods used include basic log analysis with normalization. Alternating deflections observed on spontaneous potential (SP) log and resistivity log served as the basis for delineating reservoir sand units and later tied to seismic data. Computation of variogram was done on the generated petrophysical logs prior to adopting suitable simulation algorithms for the data types. Sequential indicator simulation (SIS) was used for facies modeling while sequential gaussian simulation (SGS) was adopted for the continuous logs. The geomodel built with faults and stratigraphical attitude gave unique result for the depositional environment studied. Heterogeneity was observed within the zone both in the faulted and unfaulted area. Reservoir rock properties observed follows the interfingering pattern of rock units and is either truncated by structural discontinuities or naturally pinches out. Petrophysical property models successfully accounted for lithofacies distribution. Porosity volume computed against SP volume resulted in Net to gross volume while Impedance volume results gave credibility to the earlier defined locations of lithofacies (sand and shale) characterized by porosity and permeability. Use of multiple variables in modeling lithofacies and characterizing reservoir units for rock properties has been revisited with success using hydrocarbon exploration data. An integrated approach to subsurface lithological units and hydrocarbon potential assessment has been given priority using stochastic means of laterally populating rock column with properties. This method finds application in production assessment and predicting rock properties with scale disparity during hydrocarbon exploration.
Influence of a Heterogeneous<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">A</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">l</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>3</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>Surface on the Electronic Properties of Single Pd Atoms (2003)

Electronic properties of single Pd atoms, deposited on Al(2)O(3)/NiAl(110), have been characterized by scanning tunneling spectroscopy at 12 K. The spectra reveal distinct conductivity resonances, assigned to discrete electronic levels in the atom. The energy position of the resonances reflects adsorption properties of Pd atoms on different sites of the oxide support. Mapping the spatial extent of conductivity channels in the Pd atoms yields the symmetry of the underlying electronic states. The results demonstrate the effect of a heterogeneous oxide surface on the electronic structure of adsorbed metal atoms.
A study of the perception of sentence intonation—Evidence from Danish (1980)

Ten subjects identified 15 Danish utterances by a human speaker, differing only in their fundamental frequency (F0) course, as being either declarative, nonfinal, or interrogative (forced choice). Responses are closely correlated with F0: the most steeply falling intonation contours are identified as being declarative, the least falling ones as being interrogative, and contours in the middle of the continuum as being nonfinal. Several mutually interdependent parameters in the F0 course may account for the results, the two most powerful one, however, being the levels of the last stressed and the succeeding unstressed syllable, respectively, in the utterance. In a subsequent experiment, seven subjects identified the same utterances as being either declarative or nondeclarative. The majority of the (formerly) nonfinal sentences were now labeled nondeclarative, rather than being equally distributed among the declarative and nondeclarative categories. When a subset of the same utterances were multilated, identification deteriorated almost progressively with the number of syllables being cut away from the end of the utterance, but only slightly so until nothing but the first stress group remained; whereas, syllables cut away from the beginning hardly affected identification at all.
Register Allocation for Banked Register File (2001)

A banked register file is a register file partitioned into banks. A register in a banked register file is addressed with the register number in conjunction with the active bank number. A banked register file may be employed to reduce the number of bits for register operands in the instruction encoding at the cost of bank changes and inter-bank data transfers. Although a banked register file is introduced to provide sufficient registers and reduce memory traffic, it may on the other hand inflate code by unwanted bank hanges and excessive inter-bank data movements. In this context, code quality heavily depends on the register allocator that decides the location of each variable. This paper addresses a heuristic approach to register allocation for exploiting two register banks. It performs global register allocation with the primary bank registers, while reducing the register pressure by doing local register allocation with the secondary bank registers. Experimental results show that the proposed register allocator eliminates a significant amount of memory traffic while achieving smaller code size compared to an allocator that utilizes the primary bank only.
User access in portable radio systems in a co-channel interference environment (1989)

A computer-simulation study of user access in a universal digital portable communications system is described. An access algorithm consisting of relative power channel-ranking followed by data error detection is evaluated and compared to an optimal reference in a co-channel interference environment. For typical propagation conditions and radio configurations, it was found that an access algorithm based on the ranking of system channels by relative power provides a viable means of channel selection for the portable radio. It was found that the multiple-block data error check improved transmission quality in a co-channel interference environment, approaching the optimum with respect to the 99% statistical reliability criterion.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Hypercapnia slightly raises blood volume and sizably elevates flow velocity in brain microvessels (1993)

The increase in local cerebral blood flow (LCBF) caused by hypercapnia may be mainly accomplished by raising the velocity of plasma and/or red blood cell (RBC) flow through the microvessels and not by perfusing more capillaries. This suggestion was tested in awake rats exposed to 8% CO2 and in control rats. LCBF was measured by the 14C-labeled iodoantipyrine method. The volume of blood in small parenchymal microvessels was estimated from the distribution spaces of 125I-labeled serum albumin (RISA) and 55Fe-labeled RBCs. Hypercapnia elevated LCBF 2.0- to 3.5-fold in the 40 brain areas studied, marginally raised the RBC spaces, and significantly increased the RISA and whole blood distribution spaces (approximately 25 and 19%, respectively). These changes in microvessel distribution volumes could be the result of perfusing a slightly larger fraction of capillaries (recruitment), increasing microvessel diameter somewhat, or both. With hypercapnia, the mean transit times fell to approximately 45% of control, which indicated that LCBF was mainly increased by raising the velocity of RBC and plasma flow through already perfused microvessels. Overall, few, if any, capillaries or other microvessels were recruited by hypercapnia.
A Physical Based Hot Carrier Injection Compact Model for Nanoscale FinFET (2009)

A detail analysis for nanoscale FinFET performance degradation induced by the Hot Carrier Injection (HCI) is given in this paper, and a physical based HCI compact model adapted to all the operation modes is presented. It is concluded that in the depletion and weak reverse region, the degradation of carrier mobility is the dominant impact on the current decrease; in the strong inversion region, the current decrease is determined by the loss of inversion charges trapped in the interface states. With the analysis, a compact HCI model for Nanoscale FinFET is derived and validated in both forward and reverse operation mode. The simulation result agrees very well with the measured data.
MATERNAL EFFECTS ON OFFSPRING SIZE: VARIATION THROUGH EARLY DEVELOPMENT OF CHINOOK SALMON (1999)

We performed two breeding experiments with chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) to explore maternal effects on offspring size. We estimated the magnitude of maternal effects as the differences between sire-offspring and dam-offspring regression slopes. Early in life, offspring size is largely influenced by maternal size, but this influence decreases through early development, with the maternal effect becoming negative at intermediate offspring ages (corresponding to a period of reduced growth of progeny hatching from large eggs) and converging on zero as offspring age. Also, egg size was positively correlated with early survival, but negatively correlated with maternal fecundity.
A machine-learning apprentice for the completion of repetitive forms (1994)

The authors have developed a software environment in which workers can complete repetitive forms, and a machine-learning and prediction system that works within it. The nonintrusive assistant or apprentice provides viable default values for blank fields in a form, saving users up to 87 percent in keystroke effort and correctly predicting nearly 90 percent of the form's values. The system and prediction methods are active, yet not intrusive. Default predictions are always displayed, yet the user can override them easily with normal editing commands.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of age on the biomechanical and microcirculatory properties of the skin in healthy individuals and during venous ulceration (2011)

Since aging elevated skin hardness and extensibility, but lowered vasoconstrictive response in individuals, with and without, venous diseases, we conclude that aging process is likely to cause an accumulation of damaged skin tissues and that could induce an apparent antigen-driven response that altered skin structure and the subsequent biomechanical properties obtained in this study.
Stability of forced oscillations of a spherical pendulum (1962)

The equations of motion for a lightly damped spherical pendulum that is subjected to harmonic excitation in a plane are approximated in the neighborhood of resonance by discarding terms of higher than the third order in the amplitude of motion. Steady-state solutions are sought in a four-dimensional phase space. It is found that: (a) planar harmonic motion is unstable over a major portion of the resonant peak, (b) non-planar harmonic motion is stable in a spectral neighborhood above resonance that overlaps neighborhoods of both stable and unstable planar motions, and (c) no stable, harmonic motions are possible in a finite neighborhood of the natural frequency. The spectral width of these neighborhoods is proportional to the two-thirds power of the amplitude of excitation. The steady-state motion in the last neighborhood is quasi-sinusoidal (at the forcing frequency) with slowly varying amplitude and phase. The waveform, as determined by an analog computer, is periodic but quite complex.
An Evaluation of Urban Sprawl Processes and Growth Management Policies in the United States (2001)

이 연구는 미국에서 진행된 도시확산과정과 성장관리정책들을 평가하고 있다. 미국은 2차 대전 후 귀향군인들과 베이비붐 세대들을 위한 주택수요가 급증하면서 교외지역에 대규모 주택단지건설이 이루어졌다. 연방정부는 주간 고속도로를 건설하고 중산층을 위한 저렴한 주택융자정책을 시행함으로써 교외화 현상을 심화시켰다. 그 결과 1999년 현재 미국인구의 절반이 중심도시의 교외지역에 거주하고 있으며 인종간, 소득계층간 격리현상은 심화되고 있다. 따라서 주정부와 지방정부들은 변화하는 여건 속에서 1970년대 이후 성장의 속도와 방향을 조절하기 위한 다양한 프로그램들을 개발하고 적용해 왔다. 이 글은 미국을 사례로 하여 성장관리정책과 관련된 최근의 논쟁과 적용기법, 효과 등을 분석하고 평가함으로써 그린벨트 해제 후 제기된 한국의 도시관리문제에 대한 교훈을 제시하고자 한다.
Temporal information extraction for temporal question answering (2003)

This paper outlines work-in-progress regarding temporal information extraction, and highlights issues to be discussed by future research in temporal question answering. Based on Schilder &amp; Habel (2001), we first present a semantic tagging system for temporal expressions and discuss how the temporal information conveyed by these expressions can be extracted. We then discuss extensions to the temporal tagger currently being implemented. 1.
Automated On-Ramp Merging System for Congested Traffic Situations (2013)

Abstract—Traffic merging in urban environments is one of the main causes of traffic congestion. From the driver’s point of view, the difficulty arises along the on-ramp where the merging vehicle’s driver has to discern whether he should accelerate or decelerate to enter the main road. In parallel, the drivers of the vehicles already on the major road may have to modify their speeds to permit the entrance of the merging vehicle, thus affecting the traffic flow. This paper presents an approach to merging from a minor to a major road in congested traffic situations. An automated merging system that was developed with two principal goals, i.e., to permit the merging vehicle to sufficiently fluidly enter the major road to avoid congestion on the minor road and to modify the speed of the vehicles already on the main road to minimize the effect on that already congested main road, is described. A fuzzy controller is developed to act on the vehicles ’ longitudinal control—throttle and brake pedals—following the references set by a decision algorithm. Data from other vehicles are acquired using wireless vehicleto-infrastructure (V2I) communication. A system installed in the infrastructure that is capable of assessing road traffic conditions in real time is responsible for transmitting the data of the vehicles in the surrounding area. Three production vehicles were used in the experimental phase to validate the proposed system at the facilities of the Centro de Automática y Robótica with encouraging results. Index Terms—Intelligent vehicles, intervehicle communication, road traffic control, road vehicle control, traffic management. I.
Learning Features and Parts for Fine-Grained Recognition (2014)

This paper addresses the problem of fine-grained recognition: recognizing subordinate categories such as bird species, car models, or dog breeds. We focus on two major challenges: learning expressive appearance descriptors and localizing discriminative parts. To this end, we propose an object representation that detects important parts and describes fine grained appearances. The part detectors are learned in a fully unsupervised manner, based on the insight that images with similar poses can be automatically discovered for fine-grained classes in the same domain. The appearance descriptors are learned using a convolutional neural network. Our approach requires only image level class labels, without any use of part annotations or segmentation masks, which may be costly to obtain. We show experimentally that combining these two insights is an effective strategy for fine-grained recognition.