gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Serial analysis of the vascular endothelial transcriptome under static and shear stress conditions (2008)

We have utilized serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) to analyze the response of human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs) to laminar shear stress (LSS). Primary cultures of HCAECs were exposed to 15 dyn/cm(2) LSS for 24 h in a parallel plate flow chamber and compared with identical same passage cells cultured under static conditions. The expression levels of a number of functional categories of genes were reduced by shear stress including those encoding proteins involved in cell proliferation (CDC10, CDC20, CDC23, CCND1, CCNB1), angiogenesis (ANGPTL4, CTGF, CYR61, ENG, EPAS1, EGFR, LGALS3, PGK1, and SPARC), extracellular matrix and cell-matrix adhesion (EFEMP1, LOXL2, P4HB, FBN1, FN1, ITGA5, ITGAE, ITGAV, ILK, LAMR1) and ATP synthesis (ATP5G3, ATP5J2, ATP5L, ATP5D). We also observed an increase in the LSS-responsive expression of genes encoding stress response proteins, including HMOX1, which is significant since HMOX1 may have anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory vascular effects. The autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) genes PKD1 and PKD2 were also elevated by LSS. ADPKD is associated with vascular malfunction, including the impairment of vasoreactive processes. To our knowledge, this is the first SAGE-based analysis of the shear stress-responsive endothelial cell transcriptome. These immortal data provide a resource for further analyses of the molecular mechanisms underlying the biological response to LSS and contribute to the expanding collection of publicly available SAGE data.
A correct and complete algorithm for the generation of mechanical assembly sequences (2003)

The authors present an algorithm for the generation of mechanical assembly sequences and a proof of its correctness and completeness. The algorithm uses a relational model which describes the geometry of the assembly and the attachments that bind one part to another. The problem of generating the assembly sequences is transformed into the problem of generating disassembly sequences, in which the disassembly tasks are the reverse of feasible assembly tasks. This transformation leads to a decomposition approach in which the problem of disassembling one assembly is decomposed into distinct subproblems, each involving the disassembly of one subassembly. It is assumed that at each assembly task exactly two subassemblies are mated and that all contacts between the parts in the two subassemblies are established. The algorithm yields an AND/OR graph representation of assembly sequences. The correctness of the algorithm is based on the assumption that it is always possible to decide correctly whether two subassemblies can be joined based on geometrical and physical criteria. An approach to compute this decision is given, and bounds for the amount of computation required are presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
psub guard ring design and modeling for the purpose of substrate noise isolation in the SOC era (2005)

This letter reports the effect of using a p-minus substrate guard ring (psub GR) structure to reduce substrate noise coupling. A corresponding equivalent lump circuit model that predicts the substrate noise isolation behavior of this structure versus distance is also presented. For this particular study, it was found that integrating the psub GR into conventional GR designs can improve substrate noise isolation capabilities of conventional p+ guard rings and n-well guard rings by -15 dB and -5 dB, respectively. This scheme requires no extra masks or processes, and no special substrate material.
Optimum Adaptive Reception for Binary Sequences (1970)

The a posteriori probability density function p(θ|X1, X2,...,Xk), where the Xi, i=1, 2, ..., K, represent Kvector-valued observations statistically related to the random vector θ, appears in many applications of the methods of statistical inference to problems in pattern recognition and statistical communication theory. In this paper, it is shown that for equally likely binary sequences (M= 2) of anticorrelated patterns for signals observed in additive Gaussian noise, a device that computes pθ|X1, X2, XK) can be synthesized from a correlator, a simple instantaneous nonlinearity, and a multiplier. These results are used to derive some equally simple structures for various optimum nonsupervised estimators, pattern recognition machines, and signal detectors.
Influence of DC Bias and Area of Substrate Table on Plasma Parameters in Microwave Plasma (1994)

In the deposition chamber of a double tubed coaxial line type microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition system, plasma parameters are measured with a cylindrical probe by varying the area of the substrate table to which DC bias voltage is applied. Electron temperature and electron density remain constant when the area of the substrate table and DC bias voltage are varied. It has been clarified that the dependence of plasma space potential on DC bias voltage varies with varying the area of the substrate table only within a range of the positive DC bias voltage. The saturation current density on the cylindrical probe differs from those on substrate tables. In addition, the saturation current densities on substrate tables differ from each other. It has been clarified that these differences in the saturation current densities can be explained by considering the thickness of single layer sheath formed on the cylindrical probe and the substrate tables.
Structural and functional diversity within the 4-OT family of enzymes (2002)

Carbohydrates are important in the modern society. There is a growing need for carbohydrate compounds of all sorts from simple short oligosaccharides to large polymers. Even though some of these can be made by classic organic chemical synthesis, enzymes from the relevant metabolisms are obvious tools for the production of polymers and oligomers. Especially enzymes that use cheap and renewable substrates such as sucrose are of interest. The availability of recombinant enzymes also opens the possibility of obtaining rationally designed variants with tailored functions. Rational design of variants however requires the knowledge of the 3-dimensional structures of the enzyme in question. The aim of the project is detailed understanding of the reaction mechanisms of the following enzymes from the starch and sucrose metabolism: amylosucrase, glycogen synthetase, sucrose phosphorylase, invertase and dextran sucrase. We also aim at solving the structure of the E. coli sucrose transporter. Results presented will be on the crystallization attempts of the sucrose transporter, the cloning and expression of glycogen synthase and invertase, the progress in structure determination of sucrose phosphorylase and the structures of a number of complexes between amylosucrase and saccharides.
A new species of Ctenotus (Reptilia: Scincidae) from central Australia, and a key to the Ctenotus leonhardii species group (1988)

A new species of Ctenotus Storr (Rcptilia:Scincidae), C. septenarius sp.nov., from the arid south of the Northern Territory of Australia is described.This species is a member of the Ctenotus leonhardii species group (sensu Storr et al. 1981), and is distinguished from other members of that complex by both scalation and back pattern.
Jijo-2: an office robot that communicates and learns (2001)

Describes how the authors have combined speech recognition, dialogue management, and statistical learning procedures to develop Jijo-2; an office robot that can communicate with humans and learn about its environment.
„Natural” killer cells in the mouse. I. Cytotoxic cells with specificity for mouse Moloney leukemia cells. Specificity and distribution according to genotype (1975)

In the spleens of young, adult mice there exist naturally occurring killer lymphocytes with specificity for mouse Moloney leukemia cells. The lytic activity was directed against syngeneic or allogeneic Moloney leukemia cells to a similar extent, but was primarily expressed when tested against in vitro grown leukemia cells. Two leukemias of non-Moloney origin were resistant and so was the mastocytoma line P815. Although killer activity varied between different strains of mice, the specificity of lysis was the same as indicated by competition experiments using unlabeled Moloney or other tumor cells as inhibitors in the cytotoxic assays. Capacity to compete and sensitivy to lysis by the killer cells were found to be highly positively correlated. Analysis of the kinetics of the cytotoxic assay revealed a rapid induction of lysis within one to four hours, arguing against any conventional in vitro induction of immune response. No evidence was found of soluble factors playing any role in the cytolytic assay.
A MUSIC method for radar that measures the angle of arrival by using a scanning beam radar (2006)

MUSIC superresolution algorithm can estimate the DOAs (directions of arrival) of multiple waves closing less than the beam width. However, the MUSIC algorithm is usually applied to a DBF (digital beam forming) array antenna, and it was difficult to apply the method to scanning beam radar, which has simpler structure and lower cost than DBF radar. This paper proposes a MUSIC DOA estimation algorithm intended to improve DOA estimation performance by separating mixed signals in a scanning beam radar. In this paper, we assume a scanning beam radar transmitting and receiving FMCW modulated waves, which are often used for modulation. The principle of the proposed method is described. The accuracy and resolution of DOA estimation by the proposed estimation method are evaluated by computer simulation, and it is verified that a resolution 5 times as great as that of the conventional method can be achieved. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 89(10): 24–33, 2006; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.20289
Cultural views of the female breast. (2004)

This manuscript discusses historical and contemporary cultural views of the female breast. It also considers implications of these views for female health and for use of this information by health educators.
GIS Tools for Visualization and Analysis of NEXRAD Radar (WSR-88D) Archived Data at the National Climatic Data Center (NCDC) (2004)

The NCDC ingests and archives, on average, 80 terabytes of NEXRAD Radar Data and products annually. These data are in high demand globally by both the public and private sectors. As much as one terabyte of data have been accessed monthly through the NCDC radar resources web page. In an effort to provide better support to these end users, NCDC has developed visualization tools for browsing and displaying these data. The NCDC NEXRAD Interactive Viewer and Data Exporter load NEXRAD volume scan data, known as Level-II and derived products, known as Level-III, into an OpenGIS compliant environment [6]. The applications are launched via Java Web Start and run on the client machine while accessing the data remotely from the archive at the NCDC [5]. The NEXRAD Interactive Viewer provides tools for custom data overlays, animations and basic queries. The export of images and movies is provided in multiple formats. The NEXRAD Data Exporter allows for data export in both vector polygon (Shapefile, GML, Well-Known Text) and raster (GeoTIFF, ARC/INFO ASCII Grid, HDF, NetCDF, GrADS, binary) formats [Appendix A].
<title>Optimization of modified illumination for 0.25-um resist patterning</title> (1994)

In order to achieve wide focus latitude in various 0.25 micrometers patterns, the optimization of optical parameters in KrF excimer laser lithography has been investigated by means of optical intensity simulation. The accuracy of simulated DOF values was confirmed experimentally, using a chemically amplified negative resist and a KrF excimer laser stepper with NA equals 0.5 and sigma equals 0.7. The optical parameters, such as NA, sigma, and annular shield ratio in an annular illumination, were optimized for 1:1 L&S. Our results indicate that the DOF value in the conventional illumination is insufficient even under the optimum condition, but that in the annular illumination it is wide enough. To investigate the DOF value for sparse patterns the minimum contrast value, as well as the optimum optical parameters, was estimated for each defocal position. The optimum parameters set for sparse patterns was very different from that for 1:1 L&S. Moreover, the DOF value of sparse pattern was relatively small compared to that of 1:1 L&S.
Comments on "An optimal multiple threshold scheme for image segmentation (1990)

The commenters point out explicitly that the fast search procedure of S.S. Redy et al. (see ibid., vol.SMC-14, no.4, p.661-5, (1984)) does not converge to the optimal threshold if the interclass variance, has not the unique maximum. The limitations of N. Otsu's technique (see ibid., vol.SMC-9, no.1, p.62-6, (1979)) are also discussed briefly.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A public transport system based sensor network for road surface condition monitoring (2007)

A well maintained road network is a must for the economic development and the well being of people in any country. Unfortunately, most developing countries do not poses such road networks. While the lack of funds is mainly to blame for not building new road networks and maintaining the existing ones the lack of proper monitoring and reporting system is a major contributory factor for the dilapidated condition of road networks in third world countries. A case in point is the road network in Sri Lanka; Sri Lanka has an extensive road network that spans the country and new roads are being built every day, yet even the roads in the capital city are not maintained properly. The lack of a monitoring and reporting mechanism is apparent in this case.
Improvement of encapsulation efficiency of water-in-oil-inwater emulsion with hypertonic inner aqueous phase (2001)

Water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) emulsions encapsulating tryptophan or theophylline were prepared where these compounds are regarded as model drugs. The effects of sodium chloride on the drug entrapment into the w/o/w emulsions and on the separation of aqueous phases were studied. The degree of encapsulation of tryptophan in the w/o/w emulsion increased with the concentration of sodium chloride added in the inner aqueous phase, while it decreased with that in the outer aqueous phase. As for theophylline, although the degree increased with a concentration of sodium chloride in the inner phase, the effect was smaller than that on tryptophan. The difference in the effects between on tryptophan and on theophylline was attributed to their partition coefficients. Theophylline was easily leaked out from the inner phase to the outer aqueous phase after its dissolution and diffusion in the oil phase due to a higher partition coefficient. More than 55% of the aqueous phase was separated from the w/o/w emulsion within 24 h, when sodium chloride was not added in the inner aqueous phase. However, the separation was not observed when more than 0.2M sodium chloride was added. To the contrary, sodium chloride added in the outer aqueous phase accelerated the separation. It was, therefore, concluded that sodium chloride in the inner aqueous phase plays an important role in suppression of the separation and in encapsulation of the drug which does not penetrate into the oil membrane.
Neural Response to Alcohol Stimuli in Adolescents With Alcohol Use Disorder (2003)

These results confirm previous studies by demonstrating an association between the urge to drink alcohol and blood oxygen use in areas of the brain previously linked to reward, desire, positive affect, and episodic recall. This study extends this relationship to adolescents with relatively brief drinking histories using visual alcohol stimuli, and suggests a neural basis for response to alcohol advertisements in youths with drinking problems.
Extension of Bernstein’s theorem to Sturm-Liouville sums (1924)

One of the most important of recent theorems in analysis is a theorem due to S. Bernstein, which may be stated as follows:
Oral delivery of double-stranded RNAs induces mortality in nymphs and adults of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (2017)

The Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is one of the most important citrus pests. ACP is the vector of the phloem-limited bacteria Candidatus Liberibacter americanus and Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus, the causal agents of the devastating citrus disease huanglongbing (HLB). The management of HLB is based on the use of healthy young plants, eradication of infected plants and chemical control of the vector. RNA interference (RNAi) has proven to be a promising tool to control pests and explore gene functions. Recently, studies have reported that target mRNA knockdown in many insects can be induced through feeding with double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). In the current study, we targeted the cathepsin D, chitin synthase and inhibitor of apoptosis genes of adult and nymph ACP by feeding artificial diets mixed with dsRNAs and Murraya paniculata leaves placed in dsRNAs solutions, respectively. Adult ACP mortality was positively correlated with the amount of dsRNA used. Both nymphs and adult ACP fed dsRNAs exhibited significantly increased mortality over time compared with that of the controls. Moreover, qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the dsRNA-mediated RNAi effects on target mRNAs. These results showed that RNAi can be a powerful tool for gene function studies in ACP and perhaps for HLB control.
Structure and composition of tubular aggregates of skeletal muscle fibres. (2003)

Unusual regions of densely packed membranous tubules known as tubular aggregates (TAs) have been observed in skeletal muscle fibres of mammals under numerous pathological conditions but also in health. Their causality is unclear. It is neither known whether TAs are destructive and should be treated or whether they have a compensating function in an endangered muscle. In spite of many similarities, the histochemical, immunocytochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of tubular aggregates do vary. Histochemistry provided an overall characteristic of TAs as membranous inclusions with a variety of enzymatic activities. Immunocytochemical evidence revealed that tubular aggregates contain miscellaneous proteins and that derive from membranes of sarcoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria. No evidence for the presence of contractile and cytoskeletal proteins in TAs was found. Ultrastructurally, TAs are characterized as more or less densely packed aggregates of vesicular or tubular membranes of variable forms and sizes that may contain amorphous material, filaments or inner tubules. Various reported types of tubular aggregates, namely, proliferating terminal cisterns, vesicular membrane collections, TAs with double-walled tubules, TAs with single-walled tubules, aggregates of dilated tubules with inner tubules, aggregates of tubulo-filamentous structures, filamentous tubules, riesentubuli, and related membranous structures including cylindrical spirals are sumarized and analyzed here in detail.
Jesus' Concept of Prayer (1951)

Jesus' Concept of Prayer Get access The Lord's Prayer. By ERNEST F. SCOTT. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1951. vii +126 pages. $2.25. IRA JAY MARTIN, 3RD IRA JAY MARTIN, 3RD Berea College Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Journal of the American Academy of Religion, Volume XIX, Issue 3, July 1951, Pages 159–160, https://doi.org/10.1093/jaarel/XIX.3.159 Published: 01 July 1951
S100A1: a novel inotropic regulator of cardiac performance. Transition from molecular physiology to pathophysiological relevance (2007)

Here we review the considerable body of evidence that has accumulated to support the notion of S100A1, a cardiac-specific Ca(2+)-sensor protein of the EF-hand type, as a physiological regulator of excitation-contraction coupling and inotropic reserve mechanisms in the mammalian heart. In particular, molecular mechanisms will be discussed conveying the Ca(2+)-dependent inotropic actions of S100A1 protein in cardiomyocytes occurring independently of beta-adrenergic signaling. Moreover, we will shed light on the molecular structure-function relationship of S100A1 with its cardiac target proteins at the sarcoplasmic reticulum, the sarcomere, and the mitochondria. Furthermore, pathophysiological consequences of disturbed S100A1 protein expression on altered Ca(2+) handling and intertwined systems in failing myocardium will be highlighted. Subsequently, therapeutic options by means of genetic manipulation of cardiac S100A1 expression will be discussed, aiming to complete our current understanding of the role of S100A1 in diseased myocardium.
Smooth pursuit in infants: maturation and the influence of stimulation (2011)

SPEM show an intensive maturation between 2 and 6 months of life. By 6 months of age SPEM have already reached an almost adult-like gain of 0.8 or higher. Further maturation is slow and still incomplete by the age of 18 months. Stimulus velocity and size have an important impact on the smooth pursuit quality, which should be considered in smooth pursuit testing in infants.
A 40 Gb/s Clock and Data Recovery Module with Improved Phase-Locked Loop Circuits (2008)

A 40 Gb/s clock and data recovery (CDR) module for a fiber-optic receiver with improved phase-locked loop (PLL) circuits has been successfully implemented. The PLL of the CDR module employs an improved D-type flip-flop frequency acquisition circuit, which helps to stabilize the CDR performance, to obtain faster frequency acquisition, and to reduce the time of recovering the lock state in the event of losing the lock state. The measured RMS jitter of the clock signal recovered from 40 Gb/s pseudo-random binary sequence (231-1) data by the improved PLL clock recovery module is 210 fs. The CDR module also integrates a 40 Gb/s D-FF decision circuit, demonstrating that it can produce clean retimed data using the recovered clock.
Telavancin Penetration into Human Epithelial Lining Fluid Determined by Population Pharmacokinetic Modeling and Monte Carlo Simulation (2008)

Telavancin is an investigational bactericidal lipoglycopeptide with a multifunctional mechanism of action, as demonstrated against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus. While the plasma pharmacokinetics have been described, the extent of the penetration of the drug into the lung, measured by the epithelial lining fluid (ELF), remains unknown. Population modeling and Monte Carlo simulation were employed to estimate the penetration of telavancin into ELF. Plasma and ELF pharmacokinetic data were obtained from 20 healthy volunteers, and the pharmacokinetic samples were assayed by a validated liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry technique. Concentration-time profiles in plasma and ELF were simultaneously modeled using a three-compartment model with zero-order infusion and first-order elimination and transfer. The model parameters were identified in a population pharmacokinetic analysis (BigNPAG). Monte Carlo simulation of 9,999 subjects was performed to calculate the ELF/plasma penetration ratios by estimating the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) for the drug in ELF (AUC(ELF)) and for the free drug in plasma (free AUC(plasma)) from zero to infinity after a single dose. After the Bayesian step, the overall fits of the model to the data were good, and plots of predicted versus observed concentrations in plasma and ELF showed slopes and intercepts very close to the ideal values of 1.0 and 0.0, respectively. The median AUC(ELF)/free AUC(plasma) penetration ratio was 0.73, and the 25th and 75th percentile value ratios were 0.43 and 1.24, respectively. In uninfected lung tissue, the median AUC(ELF) is approximately 75% of the free AUC(plasma).