gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total Synthesis of (±)-Epibatidine Using a Biocatalytic Approach (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTTotal Synthesis of (±)-Epibatidine Using a Biocatalytic ApproachHoracio F. Olivo and Michael S. HemenwayView Author Information Division of Medicinal and Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, and The Center for Biocatalysis and Bioprocessing, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa 52242 Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1999, 64, 24, 8968–8969Publication Date (Web):November 9, 1999Publication History Received19 July 1999Published online9 November 1999Published inissue 1 November 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo991141qhttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo991141qbrief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views717Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Chemical synthesis,Metabolism,Organic synthesis,Oxidation Get e-Alerts
Effects of Interaction Between Surface Active Elements on the Surface Tension of Iron (1982)

AbstractAbstractSurface tension data at 1650°C have been measured for the Fe + S + O ternary system and the two binary systems, Fe + O and Fe + S using the levitated drop technique. The results indicate that the reductions in surface tension due to oxygen and to sulphur are essentially additive in the ternary system. Excess concentrations (Γ) for both oxygen and sulphur have been calculated for both binary and ternary systems; an empirical rule for calculating Γ values for the ternary system from Γ values for the binaries has been proposed. The temperature dependencies (dγ/dT) for both ternary alloys and for a stainless steel were found to be positive. Surface analysis of the samples has been determined using electron spectroscopy (ESCA); the results indicated a considerable enhancement in the concentration of the surface active elements, O and S in the surface layers. The effects of additions of deoxidizers and desulphurizers like Al and Ce upon the surface tension have been investigated. The significance of the surface tension upon the welding characteristics of steels is discussed and the models for their interdependency evaluated in the light of the data obtained in this investigation. Résumé Les mesures de tensions superficielles ont été effectuées à 1650°C pour le système ternaire Fe-S-O et les systemes bin aires Fe-O et Fe-S au moyen de la technique de lévitation. Les résultats indiquent que les réductions de la tension superficielle sont essentiellement additifs dans le système ternaire. La concentration en excès (Γ) en oxygène et en sulfure a été calculée pour les systèmes bin aires et ternaires. Une règle empirique du calcul des valeurs de Γ pour le système ternaire a été établie à partir des valeurs des systèmes binaires. Les dépendances avec la température (dγ/dT) des alliages ternaires et de l'acier inox se sont révélées positives. L'analyse superficielle des échantillons a été éffectuée par spectroscopie électronique (ESCA). Les reésultats ont montré un enrichissement considérable dans la concentration des éléments actifs, O et S dans les couches superficielles. L'effet de désoxydation et désulfuration (Al et Ce) sur la tension superficielle a été étudié. L'effet de la tension superficielle des aciers sur la soudabilité est discuté et le modèle de leur interdépendance est évalué à la lumière des résultats de cette recherche.
Plasmon Coupling in Layer-by-Layer Assembled Gold Nanorod Films (2007)

A systematic study of the optical effects derived from plasmon coupling in mono- and multilayers of gold nanorods is presented. The monolayers were prepared using the standard polyelectrolyte-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) method and gold nanorods coated with either poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) or homogeneous silica shells. Such plasmon coupling leads in general to extensive red-shift and broadening of the longitudinal plasmon bands, which are discussed on the basis of recently reported theoretical modeling. Whereas for PVP-coated rods, strong interactions were observed for high-density monolayers and closely spaced multilayers, increasingly efficient screening is observed for thicker silica shells.
Replication Program of Active and Inactive Multigene Families in Mammalian Cells (1988)

In a comprehensive study, the temporal replication of tissue-specific genes and flanking sequences was compared in nine cell lines exhibiting different tissue-specific functions. Some of the rules we have determined for the replication of these tissue specific genes include the following. (i) Actively transcribed genes usually replicate during the first quarter of the S phase. (ii) Some immunoglobulin genes replicate during the first half of S phase even when no transcriptional activity is detected but appear to replicate even earlier in cell lines where they are transcribed. (iii) Nontranscribed genes can replicate during any interval of S phase. (iv) Multigene families arranged in clusters of 250 kilobases or less define a temporal compartment comprising approximately one-quarter of S phase. While these rules, and others that are discussed, apply to the tissue-specific genes studied here, all tissue-specific genes may not follow this pattern. In addition, housekeeping genes did not follow some of these rules. These results provide the first molecular evidence that the coordinate timing of replication of contiguous sequences within a multigene family is a general property of the mammalian genome. The relationship between replication very early during S phase and the transcriptional activity within a chromosomal domain is discussed.
Antitumor properties of salinomycin on cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: Involvement of p38 MAPK activation (2013)

In order to search for alternative agents to overcome chemoresistance during the treatment of ovarian cancer, this study aimed to examine the anticancer effects and action mechanism of salinomycin, a selective inhibitor of cancer stem cells, on cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cell lines in vitro and in vivo. The concentration- (0.01-200 µM) and time‑dependent (24-72 h) growth inhibitory effects of salinomycin were observed in the ovarian cancer cell lines OV2008, C13, A2780, A2780-cp, SKOV3 and OVCAR3, by measuring cell viability using the resazurin reduction assay. The IC50 (24 h) range of salinomycin on the six cell lines was found to be 1.7-7.4 µM. After cisplatin-resistant C13 cells were treated with salinomycin, the percentage of apoptotic cells determined by flow cytometry was significantly increased, in a concentration- and time‑dependent manner. However, no cell cycle arrest was detected in the G1/G0, S and G2/M phases in the salinomycin‑treated and control cells. The Bio-Plex phosphoprotein 5-plex assay (Akt, IκB-α, ERK1/2, JNK and p38 MAPK) demonstrated a marked time- and concentration‑dependent increase in the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, subsequent to salinomycin treatment. Moreover, salinomycin significantly suppressed tumor growth in a tumor xenograft model. These findings suggested that salinomycin efficiently inhibits the cisplatin-resistant human ovarian cancer cell line growth through the induction of apoptosis, potentially associated with the p38 MAPK activation.
Preparation of trimers and tetramers of mixed sequence oligodeoxynucleoside methylphosphonates and assignment of configurations at the chiral phosphorus (1993)

Synthesis of stereoregular DNA methylphosphonates has been accomplished for homo-oligomers, but remains a formidable problem for oligomers of a defined antisense target sequence. In this work, four trimer and tetramer deoxynucleoside methylphosphonates of mixed sequence (dACA, dCCAA, dAGGG, and dGCAT) were prepared by block coupling of diastereomerically pure dimers with either monomers or other diastereomerically pure dimers. These oligomers were separated chromatographically into individual diastereomers, and the configurations of the chiral methylphosphonate linkages were assigned. Three types of methods were used to assign configuration of a new methylphosphonate linkage: preparation of the same diastereomer through multiple synthetic pathways, base hydrolysis, and acid hydrolysis. Hydrolysis of the diastereomerically pure oligomers into component dimers and monomers was followed by chromatographic comparison with control dimers of known configuration. In all cases studied, oligomers with R configurations displayed faster elution from silica gel than did oligomers with the respective S configuration. NMR spectra of individual diastereomers of dACA were studied, revealing characteristic differences in chemical shifts which may prove useful in configurational assignments of longer oligomers. Thus, these data provide a methodological basis for synthesis and configurational assignment of longer methylphosphonate oligomers to use as antisense probes.
Gross rearrangements within the 5′-untranslated region of the picornaviral genomes (1990)

An analysis of reported nucleotide sequences revealed several cases of gross rearrangements in the 5'-untranslated region (5-UTR) of picornaviral genomes. A large (greater than 100 nt) duplication was discovered in a downstream region of poliovirus 5-UTR involved in the translational control. Properties of the poliovirus mutants with large deletions [Kuge and Nomoto (1987) J. Virol. 61, 1478-1487] show that a single copy of the appropriate repeating unit is compatible with a wild type phenotype of the virus. In contrast to poliovirus and another enterovirus genomes, human rhinovirus RNAs contain only a single copy of this repeating unit. Another similarly large repeat was found in an upstream segment of the bovine enterovirus 5-UTR. A comparison of the primary and secondary structures of cardio- and aphthovirus 5-UTRs demonstrated the existence of a large (ca. 250 nucleotides) insertion/deletion in a region preceding the poly(C) tract. The two latter rearrangements appear to involve elements of the viral genome replication machinery. Possible origin as well as evolutionary and functional implications of these structural peculiarities are discussed.
Defective de novo methylation of viral and cellular DNA sequences in ICF syndrome cells (2002)

ICF syndrome (immunodeficiency, centromere instability and facial anomalies) is a recessive human genetic disorder resulting from mutations in the DNA methyltransferase 3B (DNMT3B) gene. Patients with this disease exhibit numerous chromosomal abnormalities, including anomalous decondensation, pairing, separation and breakage, primarily involving the pericentromeric regions of chromosomes 1 and 16. Global levels of DNA methylation in ICF cells are only slightly reduced; however, certain repetitive sequences and genes on the inactive X chromosome of female ICF patients are significantly hypomethylated. In the present report, we analyze the molecular defect of de novo methylation in ICF cells in greater detail by making use of a model Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-based system and three members of the unique cellular cancer-testis (C-T) gene family. Results with the EBV-based system indicate that de novo methylation of newly introduced viral sequences is defective in ICF syndrome. Limited de novo methylation capacity is retained in ICF cells, indicating that the mutations in DNMT3B are not complete loss-of-function mutations or that other DNMTs cooperate with DNMT3B. Analysis of three C-T genes (two on the X chromosome and one autosomal) revealed that loss of methylation from cellular gene sequences is heterogeneous, with both autosomal and X chromosome-based genes demonstrating sensitivity to mutations in DNMT3B. Aberrant hypomethylation at a number of loci examined correlated with altered gene expression levels. Lastly, no consistent changes in the protein levels of the DNA methyltransferases were noted when normal and ICF cell lines were compared.
Crystalline Structure and Morphology of Poly(<scp>l</scp>-lactide) Formed under High-Pressure CO<sub>2</sub> (2008)

Crystalline structure and morphology of poly(l-lactide) (PLLA) formed under high-pressure CO2 were studied by comparing the CO2-treated PLLA and the annealed one in terms of the crystallization behavior, crystalline forms, and crystalline superstructures. The crystallization temperature dependence of the diffraction peak position (2θ ≈ 16°) and crystallinity for the CO2-treated PLLA indicates that the crystal modification changes continuously from the disorder α (α′′) to α forms not through the α′ one with increasing temperature. By using light scattering technique, we clarified that the morphological transition from spherulites on a micrometer scale to rodlike crystalline superstructures on a nanometer scale occurs around 15 °C under 7−15 MPa CO2 and around 30 °C under 3 MPa CO2. By introducing the parameters η and Δ in the theoretical calculation for Vv light scattering from spherulites, it is indicated that there is a distinct difference in the arrangement of crystalline lamellae within spherulite between the CO2-treated PLLA and the annealed one.
Field Wireless Solution Based on ISA100.11a to Innovate Instrumentation (2010)

In May 2009, Yokogawa announced efforts to promote international standardization and dissemination of the ISA100.11a wireless communication standard of the International Society of Automation (ISA) for industrial automation, and in June 2010 Yokogawa released the world’s first wireless field instruments and a device for wireless systems based on this standard. This report describes the concept of field wireless solutions and field wireless systems based on ISA100.11a, including Yokogawa’s CENTUM VP distributed control system (DCS).
A Method For IR Point Target Detection Based on Spatial-temporal Bilateral Filter (2006)

The problem of detecting and locating point targets in cluttered and noised IR (infrared) images is a difficult and important task in IR applications. In this paper, we proposed a new method for detecting dim moving point target in IR image sequence. The significance of this work is that the ideal of bilateral filtering is adopted, which leads to a simple detection. In order to make use of the temporal information of IR sequence, we extended the conventional 2D Bilateral filter to the 3D spatial-temporal Bilateral filter, which can remove noise efficiently and enhance the contrast between targets and background. The filter can finish the preprocessing job within three frames, which is important for real-time application for fast moving target detection. The limited Qualitative results in the experiments demonstrate that the new method can produce an accurate result.
Substitution and ring closure reactions of phthalazine derivatives (1984)

Abstract 1‐(Phenylthio)‐ and 1‐(hydroxycarbonylmethylthio)‐4‐methylphthalazines were prepared from 1‐chloro‐4‐methylphthalazines ( 1 ). A series of 2‐benzyl‐ and benzenesulphonyl derivatives was prepared from the corresponding halides and 4‐methyl‐1(2 H )‐phthalazinone ( 4 ). 4‐Methyl‐1(2 H )‐phthalazinthione ( 6 ) was substituted at SH group to give 1‐(benzylthio)‐ and 1‐(ethoxycarbonylmethylthio)‐4‐methylphthalazines, 7 and 8 respectively. Treatment of hydrazine hydrate with 8 produced 1‐hydrazino‐4‐methylphthalazine ( 10 ). However, when the latter compound was treated with 1 it gave 1,2‐bis‐(4‐methylphthalazinyl)hydrazine. Treatment of 10 with aromatic aldehydes in glacial acetic acid gave the corresponding 3‐phenyl‐ s ‐triazolo‐[3,4‐ a ]‐6‐methylphthalazines 13 . 1‐Hydrazino‐4‐methylphthalazine ( 10 ) underwent cyclization reactions with acetic anhydride, ethyl chloroformate, carbon disulphide, ethylformate, ethyl oxalate and with nitrous acid to give the corresponding triazolo‐, triazino‐ and tetrazolophthalazine compounds.
Antisense ribosomal protein gene expression specifically disrupts oogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster. (1988)

To assess the functional importance of ribosomal protein rpA1 gene expression during development of Drosophila melanogaster, we have transformed into the fly's genome an antisense rpA1 gene driven by a heat shock promoter. Antisense rpA1 expression severely disrupted oogenesis and produced a "small egg" female-sterile phenotype. The severities of these defects were proportional to the level of antisense rpA1 expression. Anti-rpA1 expression did not affect larval or pupal development. Quantitative RNA analysis suggested that high anti-rpA1 expression results in a general decrease of mRNA in the ovary.
A Method to Separate Lignoids fromVirolaLeaves (1997)

A simplified technique for the isolation of lignoid mixtures in plant leaves has been developed. The technique provides an economic and rapid means for the determination of the most abundant lignoid skeleton by proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as a method of screening small or large quantities of plant leaves for lignoids. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Impeller Behavior and Displacement of the VentrAssist Implantable Rotary Blood Pump (2004)

The VentrAssist implantable rotary blood pump, intended for long-term ventricular assist, is under development and is currently being tested for its rotor-dynamic stability. The pump is of the centrifugal type and consists of a shaftless impeller, also acting as the rotor of the brushless DC motor. The impeller remains passively suspended in the pump cavity by hydrodynamic forces, resulting from the small clearances between the impeller outside surfaces and the pump cavity. In the older version of the pump tested, these small clearances range from approximately 50 microm to 230 microm; the displacement of the impeller relative to the pump cavity is unknown in use. This article presents two experiments: the first measured displacement of the impeller using eddy-current proximity sensors and laser proximity sensors. The second experiment used Hall-effect proximity sensors to measure the displacement of the impeller relative to the pump cavity. All transducers were calibrated prior to commencement of the experiments. Voltage output from the transducers was converted into impeller movement in five degrees of freedom (x, y, z, theta(x), and theta(y)). The sixth degree of freedom, the rotation about the impeller axis (theta(z)), was determined by the commutation performed by the motor controller. The impeller displacement was found to be within the acceptable range of 8 micro m to 222 microm, avoiding blood damage and contact between the impeller and cavity walls. Thus the impeller was hydrodynamically suspended within the pump cavity and results were typical of centrifugal pump behavior. This research will be the basis for further investigation into the stiffness and damping coefficient of the pump's hydrodynamic bearing.
Dominant Epitopes and Allergic Cross-Reactivity: Complex Formation Between a Fab Fragment of a Monoclonal Murine IgG Antibody and the Major Allergen from Birch Pollen Bet v 1 (2000)

The symptoms characteristic of allergic hypersensitivity are caused by the release of mediators, i.e., histamine, from effector cells such as basophils and mast cells. Allergens with more than one B cell epitope cross-link IgE Abs bound to high affinity FcepsilonRI receptors on mast cell surfaces leading to aggregation and subsequent mediator release. Thus, allergen-Ab complexes play a crucial role in the cascade leading to the allergic response. We here report the structure of a 1:1 complex between the major birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 and the Fab fragment from a murine monoclonal IgG1 Ab, BV16, that has been solved to 2.9 A resolution by x-ray diffraction. The mAb is shown to inhibit the binding of allergic patients' IgE to Bet v 1, and the allergen-IgG complex may therefore serve as a model for the study of allergen-IgE interactions relevant in allergy. The size of the BV16 epitope is 931 A2 as defined by the Bet v 1 Ab interaction surface. Molecular interactions predicted to occur in the interface are likewise in agreement with earlier observations on Ag-Ab complexes. The epitope is formed by amino acids that are conserved among major allergens from related species within the Fagales order. In combination with a surprisingly high inhibitory capacity of BV16 with respect to allergic patients' serum IgE binding to Bet v 1, these observations provide experimental support for the proposal of dominant IgE epitopes located in the conserved surface areas. This model will facilitate the development of new and safer vaccines for allergen immunotherapy in the form of mutated allergens.
Advantages of Detecting Monoclonal Antibody Binding to Tissue Sections with Biotin and Avid in Reagents in Coplin® Jars (1986)

We describe a method of biotin/avidin-peroxidase detection using second and third stage reagents in Coplin jars. This method allows a large quantity of sections to be stained simultaneously with a minimal amount of technical time involved. A wide range of mouse monoclonal antibodies of varying specificities and isotypes were used to stain both frozen and paraffin-embedded sections of various normal and neoplastic tissues. Three different biotinylated anti-mouse antibodies were tested, including F(ab')2 antibody fragments of one, followed by horseradish peroxidase conjugated avidin. All monoclonal antibodies employed gave good staining, using incubation times of 30-50 minutes. The staining was done during a mean period of 25 to 27 days with an average staining load of 500 sections per Coplin jar.
Favorable Effects of Tea on Reducing the Cognitive Deficits and Brain Morphological Changes in Senescence-Accelerated Mice (2006)

The present study was carried out to explore the effects of oolong and green teas on improving the memory deficits and brain pathological changes in senescence accelerated-prone mice P8 (SAMP8). Six-month-old mice were supplied with oolong tea, green tea or water as the sole drinking fluid for 16 wk. The memory ability of mice was evaluated by passive and active avoidance tests, while the extent of the brain degeneration was measured by the spongiosis grades and the lipofuscin percentage in the hippocampus. The total grading score and serum biochemical levels were also measured. The results indicated that the mice supplemented with the oolong and green tea drinks reversed the cognitive impairment, lessened the spongy degeneration and lipofuscin, and increased the serum Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity more than the control group. The total grading score of the oolong tea group was lower than that of the control group in male mice, whereas it did not differ among female groups. No differentiations in the concentrations of total cholesterol. triglyceride, glucose, iron or hemoglobin were observed among three drink groups. In conclusion, oolong and green teas could reduce the deteriorations of cognitive ability, brain degenerative changes and aging process in SAMP8, probably through the potent antioxidative activity of the tea.