gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An acoustofluidic platform for non-contact trapping of cell-laden hydrogel droplets compatible with optical microscopy (2019)

Production of cell-laden hydrogel droplets as miniaturized niches for 3D cell culture provides a new route for cell-based assays. Such production can be enabled by droplet microfluidics and here we present a droplet trapping system based on bulk acoustic waves for handling hydrogel droplets in a continuous flow format. The droplet trapping system consists of a glass capillary equipped with a small piezoelectric transducer. By applying ultrasound (4 MHz), a localized acoustic standing wave field is generated in the capillary, trapping the droplets in a well-defined cluster above the transducer area. The results show that the droplet cluster can be retained at flow rates of up to 76 <i>μ</i>l/min, corresponding to an average flow speed of 3.2 mm/s. The system allows for important operations such as continuous perfusion and/or addition of chemical reagents to the encapsulated cells with <i>in situ</i> optical access. This feature is demonstrated by performing on-chip staining of the cell nuclei. The key advantages of this trapping method are that it is label-free and gentle and thus well-suited for biological applications. Moreover, the droplets can easily be released on-demand, which facilitates downstream analysis. It is envisioned that the presented droplet trapping system will be a valuable tool for a wide range of multistep assays as well as long-term monitoring of cells encapsulated in gel-based droplets.
Functional study of the <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> Nha1p C‐terminus (2001)

Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells possess an alkali metal cation antiporter encoded by the NHA1 gene. Nha1p is unique in the family of yeast Na+/H+ antiporters on account of its broad substrate specificity (Na+, Li+, K+) and its long C-terminus (56% of the whole protein). In order to study the role of the C-terminus in Nha1p function, we constructed a series of 13 truncated NHA1 versions ranging from the complete one (2958 nucleotides, 985 amino acids) down to the shortest version (1416 nucleotides, 472 amino acids), with only 41 amino acid residues after the last putative transmembrane domain. Truncated NHA1 versions were expressed in an S. cerevisiae alkali metal cation-sensitive strain (B31; ena1-4Delta nha1Delta). We found that the entire Nha1p C-terminus domain is not necessary for either the proper localization of the antiporter in the plasma membrane or the transport of all four substrates (we identified rubidium as the fourth Nha1p substrate). Partial truncation of the C-terminus of about 70 terminal amino acids improves the tolerance of cells to Na+, Li+ and Rb+ compared with cells expressing the complete Nha1p. The presence of the neighbouring part of the C-terminus (amino acids 883-928), rich in aspartate and glutamate residues, is necessary for the maintenance of maximum Nha1p activity towards sodium and lithium. In the case of potassium, the participation of the long C-terminus in the regulation of intracellular potassium content is demonstrated. We also present evidence that the Nha1p C-terminus is involved in the cell response to sudden changes in environmental osmolarity.
A Comparative Study of Threshold-Based Feature Selection Techniques (2010)

Given high-dimensional software measurement data, researchers and practitioners often use feature (metric) selection techniques to improve the performance of software quality classification models. This paper presents our newly proposed threshold-based feature selection techniques, comparing the performance of these techniques by building classification models using five commonly used classifiers. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of different feature selection techniques, the models are evaluated using eight different performance metrics separately since a given performance metric usually captures only one aspect of the classification performance. All experiments are conducted on three Eclipse data sets with different levels of class imbalance. The experiments demonstrate that the choice of a performance metric may significantly influence the results. In this study, we have found four distinct patterns when utilizing eight performance metrics to order 11 threshold-based feature selection techniques. Moreover, performances of the software quality models either improve or remain unchanged despite the removal of over 96% of the software metrics (attributes).
A Novel Protection Scheme for WDM-PONs Using Waveband Filters (2006)

We propose and demonstrate a novel structure for the remote node and optical network unit of the WDM-PONs using waveband filters. We also propose a new protection scheme for PON distribution fiber failures.
Towards Optimal Recording and Analysis of the Mismatch Negativity (2000)

In this paper, the conceptual and practical issues related to the measurement of mismatch negativity (MMN) are discussed from the viewpoint of cost-efficiency. First, various criteria for efficiency or optimality of measurements are described, including reliability and signal-to-noise ratio. Then a critical look is taken at some currently used concepts and data analysis methods. Practical guidelines for the measurement and analysis of MMN are given, complementing the earlier reviews on the subject. Finally, reliability studies on MMN are critically reviewed.
Planning, Implementation, and Analysis of the First Troll Horizontal Well Test (1990)

ABSTRACT Details are given of the design, implementation and analysis of the initial well testing and production logging of a horizontal well recently drilled in the North Sea. Test rates of 2000 Sm3/d of oil were measured with a drawdown of 0.26 bar producing through a wire wrapped pre-packed screen. The production log verified the majority of the well to be producing and, with the aid of a type curve presented here, the pressure build-up analysis yielded the effective vertical permeability of the reservoir. The test confirmed the suitability of the well for long-term testing during which stable liquid rates of 5000 Sm3/d have been produced.
An Efficient Scheme to Construct Virtual Community for Multimedia Content Sharing Based on Profile in a Ubiquitous Computing Environment (2009)

For ubiquitous computing environments, an important assumption is that all the components in any specific environment are connected with each other. With this assumption, we can share various kinds of content across mobile terminals. This paper introduces an effective scheme to manage multimedia sharing based on specially designed profiles and a virtual community. A virtual community is defined as any specific group of users connected for a common interest. The proposed scheme consists of two layers, i.e., a community construction layer and a multimedia sharing layer, which are responsible for constructing and managing the multimedia sharing community. The community construction layer, which is designed to be run on the mobile terminals, provides an effective way to find community members simultaneously, based on specially designed profiles, such as a user profile and an abstracted profile. The multimedia sharing layer is responsible for sharing multimedia contents, and is constructed as a specially designed scheme based on locality. Specifically this paper focuses on an effective community construction scheme performed by community construction layer. The proposed scheme provides an effective community construction mechanism. Simulation results show that the number of messages and the time required for community member discovery is reduced by 32% and 73%, respectively, in comparison with the conventional DHT-based scheme.
Facilitated transport of amino acids by fixed-site jumping (1997)

Amino acids are transported with high fluxes through plasticized cellulose triacetate membranes containing large amounts of quaternary tetraalkylammonium salts; similar results are obtained using analogous polymer-supported liquid membranes.
A New Neighbor Discovery Scheme Based on Spatial Correlation of Wireless Channel (2009)

We propose a new neighbor discovery scheme for cellular communication systems that utilizes the azimuth spread (AS), delay spread (DS) and shadow fading of a mobile station (MS). Given that the AS, DS and shadow fading are spatially correlated, MSs that are close to each other will have similar AS, DS and shadow fading values. In our proposed scheme, we use the AS, DS and shadow fading of an MS to find its neighbor MSs. The proposed scheme filters out MSs that are unlikely to be neighbor MSs and uses the Kolmogorov-Smirnov (K-S) test for more refined neighbor discovery. Through analysis and simulation, it is shown that we can effectively find neighbor MSs.
Electronic Protection Measures – Frequency Hopping (2001)

This chapter has sections titled: ESM EA EPM Military applications Network architecture and management Characteristics of frequency hopping networks Key/Data management and tools Hardware components
Improved boundary scan design (2002)

This paper describes work regarding improvements in boundary scan cell design. The results of this work provide an innovative way to implement boundary scan cells (BSCs) on IC input, output, and input/output (I/O) pins. The new cell designs provide; (1) reduced cell size, (2) reduced signalling delay, (3) support for I/sub DDQ/ testing, (4) protection of output buffers in the presence of shorts, and (5) a method of safely testing newly assembled boards.
Characterization of Soluble Hepatitis C Virus RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Expressed in <i>Escherichia coli</i> (1999)

Production of soluble full-length nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) of hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been shown to be problematic and requires the addition of salts, glycerol, and detergents. In an effort to improve the solubility of NS5B, the hydrophobic C terminus containing 21 amino acids was removed, yielding a truncated NS5B (NS5BDeltaCT) which is highly soluble and monodispersed in the absence of detergents. Fine deletional analysis of this region revealed that a four-leucine motif (LLLL) in the hydrophobic domain is responsible for the solubility profile of the full-length NS5B. Enzymatic characterization revealed that the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) activity of this truncated NS5B was comparable to those reported previously by others. For optimal enzyme activity, divalent manganese ions (Mn2+) are preferred rather than magnesium ions (Mg2+), whereas zinc ions (Zn2+) inhibit the RdRp activity. Gliotoxin, a known poliovirus 3D RdRp inhibitor, inhibited HCV NS5B RdRp in a dose-dependent manner. Kinetic analysis revealed that HCV NS5B has a rather low processivity compared to those of other known polymerases.
A Novel Medical Image Fusion Scheme Using Weighted Sum of Multi-scale Fusion Results (2013)

Fusion of medical images helps improve diagnosis and treatment by combining complementary data from different imaging modalities such as PET, MRI and CT. Several techniques for fusing medical images have been developed, but lack of contrast and distortion of fine details remain important concerns. In this paper, we propose a novel two step medical image fusion scheme. In the first step, individual multi-scale fusion techniques are applied to obtain fused images. In the second step, the individual results are combined using weighted average, with local structural similarity measure used as weights. In this way, a superior quality fused image is obtained. To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme, several experiments were performed on PET-CT and MR-CT fusion. Experimental results show that the proposed scheme is capable of producing well-fused images as compared to individual multi-scale techniques i.e. discrete Wavelet transform, dual-tree complex Wavelet transform, Laplacian pyramid, Contour let transform and Curve let transform based fusion. Fused images were evaluated using multiple quality metrics. The proposed scheme demonstrated improvement of 3 to 4% in Mutual Information measure, around 2% in PSNR and 2 to 5% in a modified Universal Image Quality Index measure. Our results also scored well in other methods of evaluating fusion quality, namely Structural Similarity and Correlation.
Internal Ventricular Defibrillation with Sequential Pulse Countershock in Pigs: Comparison with Single Pulses and Effects of Pulse Separation (1987)

We compared single to sequential pulse shocks with different pulse separations on internal cardiac defibrillation by using a catheter and plaque electrodes in open-chest halothane-anesthetized pigs. Ten seconds after fibrillation onset, defibrillation was attempted using trapezoidal pulses of 65% tilt, approximately 5 ms duration and fixed outputs from 1.0 to 50 joules (J). With single pulses, minimum defibrillation energy for the catheter alone was 2.4 +/- 0.3 J/kg (mean +/- standard error) and 2.1 +/- 0.2 J/kg for the catheter tip to plaque configuration. With sequential pulse shocks, the first pulse delivered via the catheter and the second pulse from the catheter tip to the plaque electrode, the energy necessary for defibrillation was dependent on the separation time between the two pulses (2.0 +/- 0.2, 1.5 +/- 0.2, 0.9 +/- 0.1, 1.3 +/- 0.3, 0.6 +/- 0.2, and 1.2 +/- 0.2 J/kg at 100, 10, 1, 0.5, 0.2, and 0.1 ms, respectively). Further, at the 0.2 ms separation, 100% of the animals could be defibrillated with less than 2.0 J/kg (35 J total). We conclude that sequential pulse defibrillation provides a significant improvement over single pulse defibrillation. The optimum separation between the sequential pulses in this study was 0.2 ms.
Models for Self-Adaptive Systems (2015)

Developing self-adaptive systems has been an active research area of software engineering in the last decade. Models are so essential in building these systems that stretch their applications from design time to run time. This paper focuses on the roles of models and the relationships among them in self-adaptive systems. It classifies the types of models often required, and points out the research gaps for future investigation.
Regular Linking of Cellulose Nanocrystals via Click Chemistry: Synthesis and Formation of Cellulose Nanoplatelet Gels (2010)

Over a number of years work in our laboratory has been developing new chemistry for the use of cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) as scaffolds for the creation of nanomaterials with novel, stimuli responsive characteristics. Our work takes advantage of the rigid nature of CNCs, the unique nanopattern etched on their surface in the form of regularly spaced primary OH groups, and the fact that these materials have all reducing end groups located on one end. In this communication, a method for the grafting of amine-terminated monomers onto surface-modified CNCs followed by click chemistry is demonstrated. Initially the primary hydroxyl groups on the surface of the CNCs were selectively activated by converting them to carboxylic acids by the use of TEMPO-mediated hypohalite oxidation. Further reactions using the activated TEMPO-oxidized CNCs were carried out via carbodiimide-mediated formation of an amide linkage between precursors carrying an amine functionality and the carboxylic acid groups on the surface of the TEMPO-oxidized CNCs. Subsequently, two sets of CNCs were prepared, containing on their surface an azide derivative and an alkyne derivative, respectively. Finally, the click chemistry reaction, that is, the Cu(I)-catalyzed Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition between the azide and the alkyne, surface-activated CNC was employed, bringing together the nanocrystalline materials in a unique regularly packed arrangement demonstrating a degree of molecular control for creating these structures at the nano level.
MadMax: surviving out-of-gas conditions in Ethereum smart contracts (2018)

Ethereum is a distributed blockchain platform, serving as an ecosystem for smart contracts: full-fledged inter-communicating programs that capture the transaction logic of an account. Unlike programs in mainstream languages, a gas limit restricts the execution of an Ethereum smart contract: execution proceeds as long as gas is available. Thus, gas is a valuable resource that can be manipulated by an attacker to provoke unwanted behavior in a victim's smart contract (e.g., wasting or blocking funds of said victim). Gas-focused vulnerabilities exploit undesired behavior when a contract (directly or through other interacting contracts) runs out of gas. Such vulnerabilities are among the hardest for programmers to protect against, as out-of-gas behavior may be uncommon in non-attack scenarios and reasoning about it is far from trivial. In this paper, we classify and identify gas-focused vulnerabilities, and present MadMax: a static program analysis technique to automatically detect gas-focused vulnerabilities with very high confidence. Our approach combines a control-flow-analysis-based decompiler and declarative program-structure queries. The combined analysis captures high-level domain-specific concepts (such as "dynamic data structure storage" and "safely resumable loops") and achieves high precision and scalability. MadMax analyzes the entirety of smart contracts in the Ethereum blockchain in just 10 hours (with decompilation timeouts in 8% of the cases) and flags contracts with a (highly volatile) monetary value of over $2.8B as vulnerable. Manual inspection of a sample of flagged contracts shows that 81% of the sampled warnings do indeed lead to vulnerabilities, which we report on in our experiment.
Weekly doxorubicin in endocrine-refractory carcinoma of the prostate. (1983)

Twenty-five patients with endocrine-refractory prostatic carcinoma were treated with doxorubicin, 20 mg/m2 given weekly. All patients had prior hormonal therapy (68% had two or more prior hormonal maneuvers), and 21 (84%) had prior therapeutic or palliative irradiation. Median Karnofsky performance status at the time of entry was 70. Hemoglobin was less than 12.0 g/dL in 15 patients. Bidimensional tumors were present in 12 patients in 19 disease sites; four of the 12 patients (33%) responded in eight of the 19 sites (42%); and three of eight patients had a 75% decrease in prostatic nodule size. Ten of 20 evaluable patients had an improvement of 20% or greater in Karnofsky performance status and 67% (14 of 21) had marked improvement in pain. A greater than 50% reduction or normalization of acid phosphatase occurred in 19% and of alkaline phosphatase in 53%. The overall response rate by National Prostatic Cancer Project criteria was 84%. Gastrointestinal toxicity and alopecia were minimal and myelosuppression was not life threatening in any patient.
Role of mast cells and T-lymphocytes in pemphigus vulgaris: significance of CD44 and the c-kit gene product (CD117). (2006)

Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathophysiology of pemphigus vulgaris are still not clear. We aimed to determine the significance of detecting expression of some antigens that might be pivotal to the process, namely CD44 and CD117, in patients with active pemphigus vulgaris. Seventeen patients with active pemphigus vulgaris and 19 normal healthy controls were included in the study. The immunohistochemical results showed prominent expression of CD44 in 13 of the patients and CD117 in 9 of the patients with new blister formation. CD44 percentage values in peripheral T-lymphocytes were significantly higher in patients than controls, as detected by flow cytometry. In addition, there was a significant increase in a soluble form of c-kit in sera of patients with active pemphigus vulgaris compared to controls.
Uplink Coordinated Multi-Point Reception for LTE-Advanced Systems (2009)

Coordinated multi-point transmission/reception (CoMP) is one of the candidate techniques for LTE-advanced systems to increase the cell average and cell edge user throughput in both uplink and downlink. This paper presents uplink CoMP-MU-MIMO scheme and the corresponding system level performance evaluation which shows that the uplink CoMP-MU-MIMO joint processing can bring significant gains to both the average sector throughput and the cell edge user throughput.
Human Cytomegalovirus Immediate‐Early Messenger RNA in Blood of Pregnant Women with Primary Infection and of Congenitally Infected Newborns (2001)

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) immediate-early messenger RNA (IEmRNA) in sequential blood samples from 32 pregnant women with primary infection and from 14 congenitally infected newborns was qualitatively investigated by nucleic acid sequence-based amplification. IEmRNA was detected in 100%, 75%, 36.3%, 22.2%, and 0% of samples collected 1, 2, 3, 4-6, and >6 months after onset of primary HCMV infection, respectively, showing 83.7% sensitivity and 92.2% specificity, compared with results of quantitative DNAemia (detection of viral DNA in blood). In infected newborns, IEmRNA was positive in 100% of samples collected 1-7 days (median, 1.5 days) and in 46.4% of samples collected 27-260 days (median, 88 days) after birth, showing 75.7% sensitivity and 100% specificity, compared with DNAemia results. IEmRNA was not detected in HCMV-immune individuals with remote or recurrent HCMV infection or in uninfected newborns. IEmRNA determination appears to be a valuable tool for early diagnosis of both primary and congenital HCMV infection.
Peroxidase-Generated Hydrogen Peroxide as a Source of Antifungal Activity In Vitro and on Tobacco Leaf Disks (1992)

Hydrogen peroxide was generated in vitro by horseradish peroxidase in the presence of NADH or NADPH. When peroxidase was inactivated by heating (30 min at 100 C) or catalase was added to the reaction mixture, little or no hydrogen peroxide was generated as measured by a guaiacol oxidation assay. In the absence of either H 2 O 2 or peroxidase, guaiacol was also not oxidized. Guaiacol oxidation was also observed when either NADH was replaced by NAD and malate in the presence of malate dehydrogenase or NADPH was replaced by NADP and glucose-6-phosphate in the presence of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (...)
Intelligent Escort Robot Moving together with Human -Interaction in Accompanying Behavior- (2002)

We consider in this research how robots can render service by moving by themselves. Our aim is to develop an intelligent escort robot moving along with people so that it can support them in everyday life by interacting with humans. In this paper, we consider the pattern to be used for accompanying people and report on the realization of a mobile robot capable of accompanying a person. In order to escort a human, a mobile robot needs to know the position of the person and must be able to determine its own path in order to accompany his target. We construct an algorithm to realize the human accompanying behavior. We also consider about obstacle avoiding behavior while the robot is accompanying the person. We present the effectiveness of our approaches by showing the experimental results using real mobile robots.
Development and implementation of a system testing device for microfluidic devices (2007)

The microfluidic industry has seen tremendous growth over the last years and is\n\nexpecting further growth in the future. Polymer is the material of choice at the moment\n\nfor many applications and is being manufactured into microfluidic devices through\n\ninjection molding.\n\nThere is no established way of mass producing the mold inserts at the moment. Part of\n\nthe research conducted at SMA is aimed to explore options in powder injection molding\n\nas a quick and reliable process to mass produce mold inserts.\n\nDuring the research phase one needs a way to assess the quality of the new inserts and its\n\nsuitability to produce molds and microfluidic devices. This is currently achieved by\n\nmanufacturing the final microfluidic parts using the molds and measuring the properties\n\nof these parts using conventional metrology methods at the laboratory. These include\n\nmeasurements carried out with the optical profilometer and the scanning electron\n\nmicroscope.