gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
In vivo evaluation of antimyotonic efficacy of β-adrenergic drugs in a rat model of myotonia (2012)

The sodium channel blocker mexiletine is considered the first-line drug in myotonic syndromes, a group of muscle disorders characterized by membrane over-excitability. We previously showed that the β-adrenoceptor modulators, clenbuterol and propranolol, block voltage-gated sodium channels in a manner reminiscent to mexiletine, whereas salbutamol and nadolol do not. We now developed a pharmacological rat model of myotonia congenita to perform in vivo preclinical test of antimyotonic drugs. Myotonia was induced by i.p. injection of 30 mg/kg of anthracene-9-carboxylic acid (9-AC), a muscle chloride channel blocker, and evaluated by measuring the time of righting reflex (TRR). The TRR was prolonged from <0.5 s in control conditions to a maximum of ∼4 s, thirty minutes after 9-AC injection, then gradually recovered in a few hours. Oral administration of mexiletine twenty minutes after 9-AC injection significantly hampered the TRR prolongation, with an half-maximum efficient dose (ED(50)) of 12 mg/kg. Both propranolol and clenbuterol produced a dose-dependent antimyotonic effect similar to mexiletine, with ED(50) values close to 20 mg/kg. Antimyotonic effects of 40 mg/kg mexiletine and propranolol lasted for 2 h. We also demonstrated, using patch-clamp methods, that both propranolol enantiomers exerted a similar block of skeletal muscle hNav1.4 channels expressed in HEK293 cells. The two enantiomers (15 mg/kg) also showed a similar antimyotonic activity in vivo in the myotonic rat. Among the drugs tested, the R(+)-enantiomer of propranolol may merit further investigation in humans, because it exerts antimyotonic effect in the rat model, while lacking of significant activity on the β-adrenergic pathway. This study provides a new and useful in vivo preclinical model of myotonia congenita in order to individuate the most promising antimyotonic drugs to be tested in humans.
Estudio de los pastizales de diente y de siega en algunas localidades de la Cordillera Cantábrica, con especial atención al comportamiento ecológico de la Festuca hystrix Bss. (2011)

En el presente trabajo se hace un estudio sobre la zonacion de los pastizales en el Puerto de la Espina (Asturias), vertiente meridional de la Cordillera Cantabrica en San Emiliano (Leon) y en Villanueva de la Pena (Palencia), asi como el estudio del comportamiento ecologico y fitosociologico de la Festuca hystrix Bss., del cual se deducen tres nuevas asociaciones pascicolas: Festuca hyxtris-Thymus mastigophorus; Festuca hystrix-Oreocloa sesleriodes y Festucetum burnatii.
Loss-of-Function of <i>Nkx3.1</i> Promotes Increased Oxidative Damage in Prostate Carcinogenesis (2005)

Despite the significance of oxidative damage for carcinogenesis, the molecular mechanisms that lead to increased susceptibility of tissues to oxidative stress are not well-understood. We now report a link between loss of protection against oxidative damage and loss-of-function of Nkx3.1, a homeobox gene that is known to be required for prostatic epithelial differentiation and suppression of prostate cancer. Using gene expression profiling, we find that Nkx3.1 mutant mice display deregulated expression of several antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase 2 and 3 (GPx2 and GPx3), peroxiredoxin 6 (Prdx6), and sulfyhydryl oxidase Q6 (Qscn6). Moreover, the formation of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in these mutant mice is associated with increased oxidative damage of DNA, as evident by increased levels of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine. We further show that progression to prostate adenocarcinoma, as occurs in compound mutant mice lacking Nkx3.1 as well as the Pten tumor suppressor, is correlated with a further deregulation of antioxidants, including superoxide dismutase enzymes, and more profound accumulations of oxidative damage to DNA and protein, the latter manifested by increased levels of 4-hydroxynonenal. We propose that the essential role of Nkx3.1 in maintaining the terminally differentiated state of the prostate epithelium provides protection against oxidative damage and, thereby, suppression of prostate cancer. Thus, our findings provide a molecular link between a gene whose inactivation is known to be involved in prostate carcinogenesis, namely Nkx3.1, and oxidative damage of the prostatic epithelium.
Application of a single needle type for all image-guided biopsies: results of 100 consecutive core biopsies in various organs using a novel tri-axial, end-cut needle (2006)

Percutaneous image-guided biopsy using the described full-core end-cut needle resulted in a specific diagnosis in 99/100 consecutive biopsies in various organs with a low complication rate. We use this needle type for all CT- or US-guided biopsies in all organs except for solid bone.
.alpha.-Iminoperfluoronitriles (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT.alpha.-IminoperfluoronitrilesWilliam J. Middleton and Carl G. KrepsanCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1968, 33, 9, 3625–3627Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01273a059https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01273a059research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views75Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Relevance score normalization for metasearch (2001)

Given the ranked lists of documents returned by multiple search engines in response to a given query, the problem of metasearch is to combine these lists in a way which optimizes the performance of the combination. This problem can be naturally decomposed into three subproblems: (1) normalizing the relevance scores given by the input systems, (2) estimating relevance scores for unretrieved documents, and (3) combining the newly-acquired scores for each document into one, improved score.Research on the problem of metasearch has historically concentrated on algorithms for combining (normalized) scores. In this paper, we show that the techniques used for normalizing relevance scores and estimating the relevance scores of unretrieved documents can have a significant effect on the overall performance of metasearch. We propose two new normalization/estimation techniques and demonstrate empirically that the performance of well known metasearch algorithms can be significantly improved through their use.
A 60-Hz Harmonic Eliminator (1978)

A 60-Hz harmonic eliminator has been designed to remove dc and 60-Hz line frequency and its harmonics. By triggering a 1024-point sliding average on each cycle of the line voltage, the harmonics of 60 Hz and dc are averaged from the input. This average is then substracted from the input to eliminate these components, leaving the rest of the signal unaffected. The circuit is equivalent to 500 notch filters at every harmonic of 60 Hz with each notch about 48 dB deep and less than 2 Hz wide.
Release of Deuterated (<i>E</i>)-2-Nonenal during Beer Aging from Labeled Precursors Synthesized before Boiling (2002)

Although lipid autoxidation in the boiling kettle is a key determinant of the cardboard flavor of aged beers, recent results show that mashing is another significant source of wort nonenal potential, the well-known indicator of how a beer will release (E)-2-nonenal during storage. Although unstable, deuterated (E)-2-nonenal nitrogen adducts created during mashing can in some cases partially persist in the pitching wort, to release deuterated (E)-2-nonenal during beer aging. In the experiment described here, the relative contributions of mashing and boiling were estimated at 30 and 70%, respectively. The presence of oxygen during mashing and, to a lesser extent, high lipoxygenase activity can intensify the stale cardboard flavor.
Alzheimer's disease therapy - an update. (1998)

The 5th International Geneva/Springfield Symposium on Advances in Alzheimer Therapy focused on new therapeutic approaches for the treatment of Alzheimer 's disease (AD) based on the latest basic science data. The two major pharmacological principles of cholinergic therapy are 1) reduction of acetylcholine hydrolysis by means of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors; and 2) direct stimulation of nicotinic or muscarinic receptors with selective agonists. Currently used AChE inhibitors are tacrine, donepezil hydrochloride, rivastigmine and metrifonate. In the area of muscarinic and nicotinic receptor modulation, studies were presented on AF-102B and AF-150(S), BIBN-99, CI-1017, RJR-2403, ABT-418, ABT-089, GTS-21 and SIB-1553A. Based on evidence of inflammatory mechanisms in the pathogenesis of AD, selective COX-2 inhibitors for the prevention and treatment of AD are a target of several pharmaceutical companies. Concerning known antiinflammatory drugs, results from controlled trials are expected soon. Estrogen replacement has been reported to produce cognitive and affective improvement in women with AD, and results from a number of studies were presented. Age-associated increases in oxidative stress may play a role in AD and thus antioxidants may also have a place in the therapy of this disease. The antioxidants vitamin E and selegiline are being investigated. Other drugs under investigation are propentofylline, Cerebrolysin, citicoline sodium, CDP-choline, memantine, Egb-761, calagualine and AIT-082. Iododoxorubicin may represent a new class of compounds able to interfere with the beta-amyloid cascade in AD and other brain amyloid diseases. Future preventive strategies in AD include genotype analysis and screening, presymptomatic diagnosis and avoidance of environmental risk factors.
Cooperative collision avoidance for multi-vehicle systems using reinforcement learning (2013)

Collision avoidance is a fundamental problem in navigation. In this paper, we present a novel method of cooperative movement planning to examine how two vehicles can orchestrate their movements so as to avoid collisions and subsequently return to their intended paths. Movement planning in this research is solved by regarding it as a decision process. When the vehicles are at risk of a collision, the system determines appropriate steering motions for both vehicles at each time step, so that they can cooperatively change course to avoid collisions and return to their original course when the risk is averted. Reinforcement learning is applied to solve this decision-making task. States of the system are described in terms of the vehicles' position and orientation and actions are defined considering the kinematic constraints of the vehicles. In reinforcement learning, an approximate value function is iteratively developed according to certain rules to evaluate state-action combinations of the system. Appropriate motions are selected by the system after calculating the approximate value of possible target states, which also satisfy the requirement of the smoothness of paths, as well as the distances between, and velocities of, both vehicles. The method of least squares is applied in the iterative mechanism to update the approximate value function given a scoring technique for a collection of state samples featuring continuous state space and action space. This paper summarizes the concept and methodologies used to implement an online cooperative collision avoidance system. Different scenarios are tested to assess the performance of the proposed algorithm.
Quality Components of Sea Buckthorn (<i>Hippophaë rhamnoides</i>) Varieties (2005)

The sensory quality and chemical constituents of juices from seven sea buckthorn (Hippophaerhamnoides L.) varieties were studied in two consecutive seasons. The juices were generally described as sour and astringent, with low sweetness and fruity flavor. The differences in sensory quality as well as in chemical composition between samples and years were significant (p < 0.05) in most parameters studied. The Chuiskaya variety was described as the sweetest, with the strongest fruity flavor, whereas the varieties Avgustinka, Botanicheskaya, Trofimovskaya, and Raisa were the sourest and most astringent. Total sugar (fructose and glucose) varied from 1.9 to 7.1 g/100 mL in juice, total acid (malic and quinic acids) from 3.1 to 5.1 g/100 mL, vitamin C from 29 to 176 mg/100 mL, and pulp oil from 0.7 to 3.6%. The soluble solids were between 7.4 and 12.6, the pH between 2.7 and 2.9, and the titrable acidity between 2.0 and 3.7. The redness was highest on Avgustinka and Raisa, but there were no differences in yellowness. Total sugar and the sugar/acid ratio correlated positively with sweetness and negatively with sourness and astringency, whereas total acid and titrable acidity correlated positively with sourness and astringency and negatively with sweetness.
Characterization of several viruses isolated from chickens with inclusion body hepatitis and aplastic anemia. (1974)

SUMMARY Four viruses (designated DPI-1, DPI-2, DPI-3, and Tipton) were characterized that had been originally isolated from livers of chickens with inclusion body hepatitis and aplastic anemia. The four isolates contained DNA, were between 50 nm and 100 nm in size, were not inactivated by pH 3.0, and chloroform or ether did not affect infectivity. All isolates were stable at 50 C for 3 hours in the presence of a monovalent cation (Na+). Hemagglutination of chicken or rat cells could not be demonstrated. Typical lesions of inclusion body hepatitis with a concurrent anemia could be produced in oneday-old chickens inoculated intra-abdominally with the DPI-1 and Tipton isolates, whereas DPI-2 and DPI-3 appeared nonpathogenic by the same techniques. Virus-neutralization tests in chicken embryos indicated that DPI-1 and Tipton were antigenically similar to each other but that DPI-2 and DPI-3 were serologically distinct. It is suggested that the four agents be classified as adenoviruses.
Zone Modelling and Visualisation: Keys to the Design of Low Carbon Buildings (2012)

A new approach to building modelling software, to support the iterative design of energy efficient buildings, is proposed. The proposal is for the combination of two, previously separate, software types - building design modelling and building performance simulation, along with the development of a third component - a design advisor, into one software tool. This software is intended for use by architectural practices, who may not have access to energy expertise, and who may then struggle to maintain design standards for non-domestic buildings required to satisfy rigorous energy performance regulations. In this paper we describe, through an example, how the three components would work together, by the employment of zone meshes, to visualise, simulate and support with information and advice, the design of a building. The novelty of the method resides in the application of underlying zone meshes for the support of iterative building design. The approach is described, illustrated and future work outlined.
Uncapacitated facility location problems: contributions (2004)

The objective of the present paper is to review my personal contributions in the field of uncapacitated facility location problems. These contributions took place throughout my academic career, from the time I was a Ph.D. student at Imperial College to the present day. They cover approximately 30 years, from 1973 to 2003; they address: algorithms developed for the p-median problem and for a general formulation of uncapacitated location problems; the study of dynamic location models; covering and hierarchical location problems; queuing-based probabilistic location models. The contributions encompass theoretical developments, computational algorithms and practical applications. All work took place in an academic environment, with the invaluable collaboration of colleagues (both in Brazil and abroad) and research students at COPPE. Each section in the paper is dedicated to a topic that involves a personal contribution. Every one of them is placed within the context of the existing literature.
<i>ansa</i>-Bis(1-boratabenzene) Zirconium(IV) Complexes with Short Carbon Bridges to Boron (2002)

The reaction of 1,1-dibutyl-1-stannacyclohexa-2,5-diene (8) with 1,2-bis(dichloroboryl)benzene 9 affords exchange product 10, which on deprotonation followed by reaction with ZrCl4 gives the very labile o-phenylene-bridged bis(1-boratabenzene)zirconium dicholoride 6. A similar reaction sequence from 8 and 1,1-bis(dichloroboryl)-2-methyl-1-propene 11 affords the 1,1-isobutenyl-bridged bis(1-boratabenzene)zirconium dichloride 7. The X-ray structure of 7 is described.
Breast epithelium procurement from stereotactic core biopsy washings: flow cytometry-sorted cell count analysis. (2002)

We demonstrate the use of flow cytometric sorting of stereotactic core needle biopsy washes from lesions spanning the spectrum of breast pathology to obtain epithelial cells in sufficient numbers to meet the requirements of a variety of molecular and genetic analyses.
Investigation on the wound healing activity of Tilvadi ghrita : a herbal formulation (2004)

Tilvadi ghrita (TG) is a ghee-based herbal formulation claimed to promote wound healing in traditional practices. However no systematic studies are reported in modern scientific literature with regard to the verification of the traditional medicinal claims of TG. The present study was undertaken to investigate and rationalize the wound healing activity of TG in experimental rats. Tilvadi ghrita increased the tensile strength which is significantly improved over the untreated wounds. Promotion of tensile strength demonstrates wound healing potential of TG in incision wound which may probably be due to promotion of collagenation. This data is further supported by observation of histopathological response in healed tissues which reveal that TG promotes keratinization, epithelization, collagenation and fibrosis. TG also demonstrates its healing potential in excision wound model with significant reduction in wound contraction area with faster healing.
Template Dimerization Promotes an Acceptor Invasion-Induced Transfer Mechanism during Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Minus-Strand Synthesis (2003)

The biochemical mechanism of template switching by human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase and the role of template dimerization were examined. Homologous donor-acceptor template pairs derived from the HIV-1 untranslated leader region and containing the wild-type and mutant dimerization initiation sequences (DIS) were used to examine the efficiency and distribution of transfers. Inhibiting donor-acceptor interaction was sufficient to reduce transfers in DIS-containing template pairs, indicating that template dimerization, and not the mere presence of the DIS, promotes efficient transfers. Additionally, we show evidence that the overall transfer process spans an extended region of the template and proceeds through a two-step mechanism. Transfer is initiated through an RNase H-facilitated acceptor invasion step, while synthesis continues on the donor template. The invasion then propagates towards the primer terminus by branch migration. Transfer is completed with the translocation of the primer terminus at a site distant from the invasion point. In our system, most invasions initiated before synthesis reached the DIS. However, transfer of the primer terminus predominantly occurred after synthesis through the DIS. The two steps were separated by 60 to 80 nucleotides. Sequence markers revealed the position of primer terminus switch, whereas DNA oligomers designed to block acceptor-cDNA interactions defined sites of invasion. Within the region of homology, certain positions on the template were inherently more favorable for invasion than others. In templates with DIS, the proximity of the acceptor facilitates invasion, thereby enhancing transfer efficiency. Nucleocapsid protein enhanced the overall efficiency of transfers but did not alter the mechanism.
ChemInform Abstract: Enzymatic Hydrolysis in Organic Solvents for Kinetic Resolution of Water‐Insoluble α‐Acyloxy Esters with Immobilized Lipases. (1997)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Design and manufacture of a large superconducting homopolar motor (and status of superconducting A.C. generator) (1983)

This paper describes the design and manufacture of a large superconducting motor which, in the present time of financial restraints, is continuing at least to the point of having a completed cryostat with its superconducting winding operating with a dedicated helium refrigeration plant. Comments are also made on the superconducting a.c. generator project, although a final decision on the rating of a prototype and the approval of the funding has not yet been made, the selected rating is expected to be between 200 MW and 6OO MW.
The association of age-related macular degeneration and lens opacities in the aged. (1989)

Data from 3,087 persons age 45 or older in the National Health and Nutrition Survey, 1971-74, showed that subjects with lens opacifying disease had an increased odds for age-related macular degeneration (AMD) compared to those who had no lens opacities. The crude odds ratio for aphakic patients was 4.6 (95% CI = 2.5, 8.6). The association remained after controlling for age, sex, and systolic blood pressure (a common risk factor) in a logistic regression model. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that light-induced damage may contribute to both lens and retinal disease and suggest that cataract extraction without implantation of ultra-violet/blue light absorbing intraocular lens may place subjects at increased risk of AMD.
Characterization of an mRNA encoding a polygalacturonase expressed during pod development in oilseed rape (<i>Brassica napus</i>L.) (1996)

Pod shatter in oilseed rape is associated with the degradation of the pectin-rich middle lamella at the site of dehiscence. It has been reported that, accompanying pod development, there is an increase in the activity of polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15) and that this rise is restricted to the tissue undergoing cell separation. Using a PCR strategy a fragment of a polygalacturonase encoding an mRNA that is up-regulated specifically in the dehiscence zone tissue during pod development has been cloned. A full length clone (SAC66) complementary to this mRNA has been isolated from a dehiscence zone cDNA library and sequenced. The mRNA encoded by SAC66 shares significant amino acid homology with endopolygalacturonases from fruit of Actinidia deliciosa and Lycopersicon esculentum. The transcript size of the SAC66 mRNA is 1.7 kb. Northern analysis has revealed that expression of SAC66 mRNA increases at 30 d after anthesis (DAA), reaching a plateau at 45 DAA, and that the up-regulation is restricted to the site where dehiscence takes place.