gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Clinical effects of clopidogrel on patiens with acute coronary syndrome without ST-segment elevation (2009)

Objective To observe the effect of prison beds and security of the clopidogrel teatment for without ST-segment elevation acute coronry syndrome(ACS).Methods 82 patieas with without ST-segment elevation ACU were divided into treatment group (42 cases)and the control group(40 cases)at random.Then provided the control group with conventional secondary drugs of prevention coronary heart disease,while providing the treatment group with clopidogrel additionally based on the control group,the first load of 300 mg,later 75 mg,once a day.With six months following up,observed the controling situation of angina for the first week,and the incidence of cardiovascular events and bleeding for the six months in both groups ;Observed platelet aggregation,whole blood viscosity,plasma viscosity,prothroinbin time(PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time(APTT) before and after the tratment.Results Both the controling situation of angina for the first week and the incidence of cardiovascular events for six months are better than the control group (P＜0.05).The incidence of bleeding events has no significant between the two groups (P＞0.05).Although the two groups have reduced latelet aggregation,whole blood viscosity and plasma viscosity,the treatment group has achieved a better effect (P＜0.01).There are no singnificant changes about PT,APTT before and after treatment(P＞0.05).Conclusion It's safe and effctive to use clopidogrel to treat without ST-segment elevation ACS.

Key words: 
Clopidogrel;  Acute coronary syndrome;  Major adverse cardiac event;  Platelet aggregation rate
Critical factors in NUMA memory management (2002)

The authors identify and incorporate the critical factors that influence nonuniform memory access (NUMA) memory management into their performance metrics. Using trace-driven simulations, it is shown that under certain conditions no replication is better than replication. It is also concluded that the effectiveness of replication depends on: (1) the ratio of access times to remote and local memory, (2) virtual address assignment to data, (3) data sharing characteristics, (4) overhead of enforcing consistency, and (5) amount of physical memory available relative to the data sharing characteristics.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Adaptive techniques for digital images resolution enhancement (2003)

This document describes the technical details of an algorithm able to enhance digital image resolution. The main idea of this approach is the use of "uncertainty" in pixel reconstruction and an auto-iterative approach for error correction.
An Investigation Into Practical Removal of Downhole Paraffin by Thermal Methods and Chemical Solvents (1989)

ABSTRACT One of the most recurrent problem in the oilfield is the removal of paraffin deposited on downhole equipment and near-wellbore. Several field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of hot oiling for either the removal or redeposition of paraffin downhole. Laboratory work is presented that suggests the use of hot solvents has the greatest potential benefit. Means of conventional field application are limited, and nonconventional means are discussed.
Effect of Cyano Substituents on Electron Affinity and Electron-Transporting Properties of Conjugated Polymers (2002)

A series of cyano-containing distyrylbenzenes were synthesized as the model compounds to systematically study the effect of cyano substituents on the redox behaviors of conjugated molecules. By introducing the electron-withdrawing functional groups (cyano and dicyanovinyl) onto the phenylene ring, both electron affinity and electrochemical stability of the resulting distyrylbenzenes are greatly enhanced. The results enabled us to design and synthesize a new class of highly electron affinitive, fluorene-based copolymers with these cyano-containing chromophores as comonomers. The effects of acceptor strength and side chain on electron-transporting properties of these polymers were also investigated. By properly adjusting copolymer compositions, a combined high electron affinity and transport was achieved in a statistic copolymer, poly(fluorenebenzothiadiazole−cyanophenylenevinylene) (PFB−CNPV). An external quantum efficiency up to 0.88% and brightness as high as 4730 cd/m2 were achieved in a double-layer light-emitting diode (LED) using PFB−CNPV as the emitting layer.
Mediation Analysis in Social Psychology: Current Practices and New Recommendations (2011)

Abstract A key aim of social psychology is to understand the psychological processes through which independent variables affect dependent variables in the social domain. This objective has given rise to statistical methods for mediation analysis. In mediation analysis, the significance of the relationship between the independent and dependent variables has been integral in theory testing, being used as a basis to determine (1) whether to proceed with analyses of mediation and (2) whether one or several proposed mediator(s) fully or partially accounts for an effect. Synthesizing past research and offering new arguments, we suggest that the collective evidence raises considerable concern that the focus on the significance between the independent and dependent variables, both before and after mediation tests, is unjustified and can impair theory development and testing. To expand theory involving social psychological processes, we argue that attention in mediation analysis should be shifted towards assessing the magnitude and significance of indirect effects.
Practical application of automated fault diagnosis at the chip and board levels (2003)

As the sizes of electronic products grow larger, the process of diagnosing failed components becomes increasingly complex. The problem is compounded by the fact that there exists no unified system with which to diagnose problems at all levels of the product design-integrated circuit (IC), printed circuit board (PCB), and system. This paper presents the results of an industrial experiment with techniques for automating the diagnosis process. The authors have developed a prototype automated fault diagnosis (AFD) system which can input a fault dictionary from either of two different commercial ATPG systems along with results from test pattern application and produce a list of candidate defect sites within a given circuit. The authors ran the prototype against simulated single and multiple stuck-at faults in a portion of a commercial floating point unit and at the PCB level using a special test PCB. Results have been encouraging in that the authors have obtained fairly accurate diagnoses with relatively low coverage stuck-at fault sets and in the presence of simulated non-classical defects. It is possible to produce a uniform methodology for AFD at the IC and PCB levels.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Systemic Chemotherapy in Advanced Pancreatic Cancer (2016)

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the most lethal cancers. These patients often have multiple symptoms, and integrated supportive care is critical in helping them remain well for as long as possible. Fluorouracil-based chemotherapy is known to improve overall survival (OS) by approximately 3 months, compared to the best supportive care alone. A 1997 study comparing gemcitabine and fluorouracil treatment of advanced pancreatic cancer patients showed an improvement in OS of 1 month in patients receiving gemcitabine. Over the next 10 years, multiple randomized studies compared singleagent gemcitabine with combination chemotherapy and showed no effective survival improvement. However, the addition of erlotinib, an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor, was associated with a significant improvement in OS of approximately 2 weeks. However, adoption of this regimen has not been widespread because of its limited effect and added toxicity. Two clinical trials have recently prolonged OS in advanced pancreatic cancer patients by almost 1 year. The first compared FOLFIRINOX with gemcitabine alone, and was associated with a significant improvement in median survival. The second compared gemcitabine and nabpaclitaxel with gemcitabine alone, and was associated with improvements in OS. At present, these regimens are considered standard treatment for patients with good performance statuses.
Recognising groups of curves based on new affine mutual geometric invariants, with applications to recognizing intersecting roads in aerial images (2002)

This paper treats some of the problem in recognizing the geometry of objects composed of groups of curves that undergo arbitrary affine transformations, providing the objects can be invariantly segmented into groups of curves representable by third degree implicit polynomials. As an illustrative example, the authors treat the problem of representing and recognizing portions of roads in aerial images. The approach the authors develop is to represent each road segment in a disc by a third degree implicit-polynomial, and recognition of road geometry is then Bayesian recognition of a vector of mutual algebraic invariants for the polynomials within such a disc. The mutual affine invariants developed and used are for pairs of polynomials. This is a new powerful approach to dealing with the recognition of complex curves.
PRECISE 3D GEO-LOCATION OF UAV IMAGES USING GEO-REFERENCED DATA (2015)

Abstract. In most of UAV applications it is essential to determine the exterior orientation of on-board sensors and precise ground locations of images acquired by them. This paper presents a precise methodology for 3D geo-location of UAV images using geo-referenced data. The fundamental concept behind this geo-location process is using database matching technique for refining the coarse initial attitude and position parameters of the camera derived from the navigation data. These refined exterior orientation parameters are then used for geo-locating entire image frame using rigorous collinearity model in a backward scheme. A forwards geo-locating procedure also is proposed based on a ray-DSM intersection method for the cases where ground location of specific image targets (and not the entire frame) is required. Experimental results demonstrated the potential of the proposed method in accurate geo-location of UAV images. Applying this method, an RMSE of about 14 m in horizontal and 3D positions has been obtained.
Interconnect design strategy: structures, repeaters and materials toward 0.1 μm ULSIs with a giga-hertz clock operation (2002)

With the interconnect analysis using the LSI performance prediction model, the local and global line structures are optimized from 0.18 to 0.1 /spl mu/m generations. The chip size enlargement with the wider global line pitch and the inserted repeaters is calculated. It is clear that both low-p and low-k materials are necessary to restrain the chip size enlargement in 0.1 /spl mu/m generation.
Sub-attomolar HIV-1 DNA detection using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (2010)

A subattomolar HIV-1 DNA detection assay based on multilayer metal-molecule-metal nanojunctions (NJs) has been developed using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). There is a two-step mechanism involved. First, label free target DNA facilitated the precipitation of Detection Unit I on the substrate through forming a sandwiched structure based on the capture probe, resulting in the first level amplification of target. Following that, the binding site on Detection probe I was further recognized by Detection Unit II. These two complementary probes acted as bricks to build up the multi-metal-molecule-metal NJs between Au nanoparticles (NPs) that not only created SERS "hot spots" by the conjugated Au NPs, but also obviously decreased the distance between Au NPs and Raman labels. Therefore, the Raman signal of the tag molecules on these detection probes was significantly enhanced due to the distance dependent electromagnetic enhancement (EM) of SERS. With regards to a HIV-1 DNA sequence, the platform could detect a concentration as low as 10(-19) M (approximately 10(-23) mol) with the ability of single base mismatch discrimination.
The effect of immobilization on myotendinous junction: an ultrastructural, histochemical and immunohistochemical study (1992)

The effect of immobilization on the myotendinous junction of the calf muscles in the rat was studied histochemically, immunohistochemically and morphometrically with a transmission electron microscope. After 3 weeks of immobilization, the contact area between the muscle cells and tendineal collagen fibres was reduced by almost 50% in both type I (slow-twitch) and type II (fast-twitch) muscle fibres. The terminal finger-like processes of the muscle cells became shallow and cylindrical or were completely atrophied. Their basal membranes were slightly thickened. Histochemically, the most remarkable alteration in the myotendinous junction was the marked decrease in the sulphate containing glycosaminoglycans. In the basal lamina of the muscle fibres, the glycosaminoglycan and proteoglycan content was also reduced. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed that the amount of type III collagen was markedly increased on the myotendinous interface, but the amount and distribution of type I collagen was not affected by immobilization. These findings suggest that immobilization causes degenerative changes at the myotendinous junction, which, in turn, most likely decrease its tensile strength and may predispose it to rupture during activity.
Sequence analysis of the major outer membrane protein gene of an ovine abortion strain of Chlamydia psittaci (1989)

The major outer membrane protein (MOMP) gene from an ovine abortion strain of Chlamydia psittaci (S26/3) has been cloned and sequenced. The gene shows the features of other chlamydial MOMPs but comparison with the previously reported sequence for the ovine abortion isolate A22/M has revealed substantial sequence divergence which is clustered into the same four intramolecular regions as the sequence variation found between C. trachomatis serovars. Subsequent restriction enzyme analysis of A22/M DNA has shown that it has an avian-type genomic profile and thus the comparison is between types rather than between Strains.
Signatures of different carbon bonds in graphene oxide from soft x‐ray reflectometry (2015)

In graphene oxide, the graphite lattice is intercalated with oxygen groups that bond to carbon atoms. These groups have a bearing on the possibility of using graphene oxide as a precursor to make graphene. The nature of carbon bonds in graphene oxide has been characterized with soft x‐ray reflection spectroscopy across the carbon K‐edge. Results distinguish graphene oxide synthesized with Hummers ' method from that made using a method suggested by Tour . The observed spectra are consistent with those from near‐edge x‐ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) measurements. In particular, the expected carbon K‐edge resonances associated with excitations into molecular π*‐ and σ*‐states of CC bonds can be identified. Importantly, the greater oxidation efficiency of the method by Tour may be the reason for the observation of additional resonances that have been assigned to carbon bonding with molecular groups containing oxygen. The additional resonances have been interpreted as the excitations of carbon 1 s electrons into the carbonyl π*(CO) orbital in the molecular group –COOH and into the hydroxyl π*(COH) orbital, respectively. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determining the shape and periodicity of nanostructures using small-angle X-ray scattering (2015)

The semiconductor industry is exploring new metrology techniques capable of meeting the future requirement to characterize three-dimensional structure where the critical dimensions are less than 10 nm. X-ray scattering techniques are one candidate owing to the sub-Å wavelengths which are sensitive to internal changes in electron density. Critical-dimension small-angle X-ray scattering (CDSAXS) has been shown to be capable of determining the average shape of a line grating. Here it is used to study a set of line gratings patterned via a self-aligned multiple patterning process, which resulted in a set of mirrored lines, where the individual line shapes were asymmetric. The spacing between lines was systematically varied by sub-nm shifts. The model used to simulate the scattering was developed in stages of increasing complexity in order to justify the large number of parameters included. Comparisons between the models at different stages of development demonstrate that the measurement can determine differences in line shapes within the superlattice. The shape and spacing between lines within a given set were determined to sub-nm accuracy. This demonstrates the potential for CDSAXS as a high-resolution nanostructure metrology tool.
Calculation of acoustic radiation force generated by focused beams using the ray acoustics approach (1995)

Radiation force applied on an absorbing disk due to a focused circular beam generated by a focusing transducer is calculated using the ray acoustics approach. It is found that the radiation force is a function of the acoustic power of the beam, the f number of the source transducer, the normalized radius of the absorbing disk relative to the radius of aperture of the source transducer, the separation between the disk and the source transducer, the ratio between the speed of sound in the medium and that in the disk material, and the ratio between the characteristic acoustic impedance of the disk material and that of the medium.
The role of glycogen and phosphate in ultrasonic attenuation of liver (1988)

The excess ultrasonic attenuation caused by adding glycogen and inorganic phosphate to liver homogenates has been studied to determine the underlying differences between attenuation coefficients of normal and diffusely diseased livers. Results show that glycogen has a higher than average specific absorption coefficient compared to other large molecular weight biomolecules. Since the glycogen content of liver can vary from 1%-10% of wet weight, this compound may have a major time-varying effect on the liver ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, even in normal subjects. In contrast, the excess attenuation of liver homogenate resulting from addition of inorganic phosphate was not significant at presumed physiological levels. The implications of these findings are discussed relative to tissue characterization efforts based on in vivo measurements of ultrasonic attenuation coefficients of liver.
Gastrointestinal Satiety Signals IV. Apolipoprotein A-IV (2004)

The focus of this article is to review evidence that apolipoprotein A-IV (apo A-IV) acts as a satiety factor. Additionally, information regarding the general involvement of apo A-IV in the regulation of food intake and body weight is stated. Apo A-IV is a glycoprotein synthesized by the human intestine. In rodents, both the small intestine and liver secrete apo A-IV, but the small intestine is the major organ responsible for circulating apo A-IV. There is now solid evidence that the hypothalamus, especially the arcuate nucleus, is another active site of apo A-IV expression. Intestinal apo A-IV synthesis is markedly stimulated by fat absorption and does not appear to be mediated by the uptake or reesterification of fatty acids to form triglycerides. Rather, the local formation of chylomicrons acts as a signal for the induction of intestinal apo A-IV synthesis. Intestinal apo A-IV synthesis is also enhanced by a factor from the ileum, probably peptide tyrosine-tyrosine (PYY). The inhibition of food intake by apo A-IV is mediated centrally. The stimulation of intestinal synthesis and secretion of apo A-IV by lipid absorption are rapid; thus apo A-IV likely plays a role in the short-term regulation of food intake. Other evidence suggests that apo A-IV may also be involved in the long-term regulation of food intake and body weight, as it is regulated by both leptin and insulin. Chronic ingestion of a high-fat diet blunts the intestinal as well as the hypothalamic apo A-IV response to lipid feeding. It also suppresses apo A-IV gene expression in the hypothalamus. Whereas it is tempting to speculate that apo A-IV may play a role in diet-induced obesity, we believe the confirmation of such a proposal awaits further experimental evidence.
The Oxazolomycins: A Structurally Novel Class of Bioactive Compounds (2004)

Oxazolomycin, first isolated in 1985, is a novel bioactive compound, exhibiting potent antiviral, antibacterial and cytotoxic activity, and is now known to be the parent of a wider class of compounds. The broad-spectrum activity of oxazolomycin has been attributed to its protonophoric properties. This review outlines the isolation, structural determination, biosynthesis, bioactivity, biological mode of action and synthesis of all members of this compound class. Significantly, the oxazolomycins appear to offer not only a completely novel chemotype as a bioactive lead structure, but also a chemotype, which also exhibits an unusual biological mode of action.
Transmit Diversity and Multiplexing Methods for 3G-LTE Downlink Control Channels (2006)

In order to provide a smooth migration toward 4G, studies on 3G long-term Evolution (3G-LTE) have been announced recently in third generation partnership project (3GPP) [1] and standardization work is under way. This paper investigates multiplexing method combined with transmit antenna diversity for the downlink control channels in 3G- LTE. Four schemes, such as FDM-STBC, CDM-STBC, FDM- SFBC and CDM-SFBC, are investigated for the downlink control channels, in particular, for one bit type control channels. Through computer simulation, the receiver performance of these candidate schemes are analyzed under multi-path fading channel environments. The effects of channel estimation, Doppler shift and the number of users on the performance are investigated. It is shown that the CDM-SFBC outperforms other schemes. We believe that results will provide beneficial information to design the 3G-LTE downlink control channels.
Reducing the environmental impact of hydraulic fracturing through design optimisation of positive displacement pumps (2016)

The current approach to hydraulic fracturing requires large amounts of industrial hardware to be transported, installed and operated in temporary locations. A significant proportion of this equipment is comprised of the fleet of pumps required to provide the high pressures and flows necessary for well stimulation. Studies have shown that over 90% of the emissions of CO2 and other pollutants that occur during a hydraulic fracturing operation are associated with these pumps. Pollution and transport concerns are of paramount importance for the emerging hydraulic fracturing industry in Europe, and so it is timely to consider these factors when assessing the design of high pressure pumps for the European resources. This paper gives an overview of the industrial plant required to carry out a hydraulic fracturing operation. This is followed by an analysis of the pump's design space that could result in improved pump efficiency. We find that reducing the plunger diameter and running the pump at higher speeds can increase the overall pump efficiency by up to 4.6%. Such changes to the pump's parameters would results in several environmental benefits beyond the obvious economic gains of lower fuel consumption. The paper concludes with a case study that quantifies these benefits.