gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<title>Influence of resist-baking on the pattern quality of thick photoresists</title> (1996)

Interest in thick photoresist applications is steadily growing. Besides the bump fabrication and wire interconnect technology, the process of patterning thick layer photoresists by UV lithography is specially qualified for applications in microelectro-mechanical-systems (MEMS). Specialized equipment and new photoresists have been developed or are under development to cope with the new challenges in the field of preparing extremely thick photoresist layers, the process of patterning these thick resists, and to deal with the difficulties of the following galvanoplating step. As one of the most critical steps in thick photoresists processing, the baking procedure was investigated. Two positive tone photoresists were processed by means of three different baking methods: air-forced oven, ramped hotplate, and IR radiation. Furthermore, combinations between the methods were tested. It could be shown that IR baking is advantageous compared to the other methods with respect to process duration and energy consumption. Compared to edge steepness, resolution, edge loss, and surface roughness, all methods deliver nearly same results. A minimum width of 2-3 micrometers for the resist bars was found to be necessary to withstand the fabrication process of lines and spaces in about 15 micrometers thick resist. For thicker layers high aspect ratios of more than 10 as well as steep edges of more than 88 degrees could be fabricated. The resist patterns can be molded by using electroplating.
MIXED CONVECTION INDUCED BY MEMS-BASED THERMAL SHEAR STRESS SENSORS (2003)

The effect of buoyancy caused by heat generation from a microelectromechanical system (MEMS)-based thermal shear stress sensor is investigated. Due to the small size and relatively low power consumption of such sensors, the buoyancy effect on the overall flow structure is generally negligible. However, its impact on the flow variables such as shear stresses can be significant because such quantities are local and depend on the gradients of the velocity profile next to the sensor. Due to the small dimension of the MEMS sensor, a multiscale modeling approach is adopted to examine the effect of buoyancy on the velocity and wall shear stress profiles. Full-length channel computations are initially performed with finer resolution near the sensor region. Using the boundary conditions derived from the full-length computations, another simulation is performed concentrating on a small region near the shear stress sensor. Based on the temperature distribution in the region of the sensor, the effective thermal length scale is several times the streamwise dimension of the sensor. For a state-of-the-art MEMS sensor dimension of 200\,\mu {\bf m} , the effect of buoyancy on the accuracy of shear stress measurement can be noticeable.
Automatic healing of services in cloud computing environment (2016)

Cloud computing is an emerging technology which enables the cloud users to access the computing resources without having to pay huge capital expenses to scale up the IT infrastructure and reduces the management cost, in both hardware and software. A cloud introduces a resource rich computing model with features such as flexibility, pay per use, elasticity, scalability, and others. In this context, auto scaling and elasticity are methods used to assure the efficient use of resources. There are many factors related to the auto scaling mechanism that might affect the performance of the cloud services. Unfortunately, existing approaches to improve the performance of the cloud services are inadequate. In this paper, we proposed a mechanism called “automatic healing of services in a cloud computing environment” in which server downs are avoided and in turn, preserving the data loss. To prevent data loss during server crashes, we implemented a method of two folds. One is monitoring the process running on Port/PID, checking the CPU, Disk and memory within the instance and taking respective actions. Second one is automating the process mentioned in the first step. While monitoring, we got to know which service reaches CPU utilization 90%. Then automatic resume of such service takes place, avoiding server downs. One more contribution of our paper is users can define their own rules based on which actions will be triggered according to the requirement. We implemented our method in AWS cloud where CloudWatch is the monitoring tool. Likewise the proposed method can be implemented in any of the clouds. Compared with the previous efforts, our method is efficient and yields better results.
Natural Variation in Sensitivity to a Loss of Chloroplast Translation in Arabidopsis   (2014)

Mutations that eliminate chloroplast translation in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) result in embryo lethality. The stage of embryo arrest, however, can be influenced by genetic background. To identify genes responsible for improved growth in the absence of chloroplast translation, we examined seedling responses of different Arabidopsis accessions on spectinomycin, an inhibitor of chloroplast translation, and crossed the most tolerant accessions with embryo-defective mutants disrupted in chloroplast ribosomal proteins generated in a sensitive background. The results indicate that tolerance is mediated by ACC2, a duplicated nuclear gene that targets homomeric acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase to plastids, where the multidomain protein can participate in fatty acid biosynthesis. In the presence of functional ACC2, tolerance is enhanced by a second locus that maps to chromosome 5 and heightened by additional genetic modifiers present in the most tolerant accessions. Notably, some of the most sensitive accessions contain nonsense mutations in ACC2, including the "Nossen" line used to generate several of the mutants studied here. Functional ACC2 protein is therefore not required for survival in natural environments, where heteromeric acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase encoded in part by the chloroplast genome can function instead. This work highlights an interesting example of a tandem gene duplication in Arabidopsis, helps to explain the range of embryo phenotypes found in Arabidopsis mutants disrupted in essential chloroplast functions, addresses the nature of essential proteins encoded by the chloroplast genome, and underscores the value of using natural variation to study the relationship between chloroplast translation, plant metabolism, protein import, and plant development.
5-Hydroxytryptamine1A Receptor Responsivity in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (1991)

To evaluate 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor responsivity in obsessive-compulsive disorder, we examined hypothermic, neuroendocrine, and behavioral responses to the selective 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptor ligand ipsapirone in patients with primary obsessive-compulsive disorder and healthy controls. Twelve patients and 22 controls received a single dose of ipsapirone, 0.3 mg/kg, or placebo under double-blind, random assignment conditions. Ipsapirone induced hypothermia and release of corticotropin and cortisol but had no effect on behavior, including obsessive or compulsive symptoms. Thermoregulatory and neuroendocrine responses to ipsapirone were not consistently different between healthy controls and patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. These results provide no direct support for the hypothesis that a serotonergic dysfunction related to 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors may be linked to the pathophysiologic characteristics of obsessive-compulsive disorder and point to the need for the evaluation of other 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor subtypes. Future studies of the responsivity of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors to direct-acting ligands, such as ipsapirone, should facilitate assessment of the integrity of the 5-hydroxytryptamine system and its involvement in antiobsessional drug effects.
Isolation and genetic characterization of the porcine apolipoprotein E gene (1998)

The present report describes the isolation and genetic characterization of the porcine apolipoprotein E (apo-E) gene. A single positive recombinant phage clone containing a 10.7-kb insert was isolated from a porcine genomic library, and a 4.2-kb fragment was subcloned and sequenced. The 4.2-kb fragment contained the entire apo-E gene in addition to upstream and downstream sequences (GenBank accession no. 470240). The porcine apo-E gene is made up of four exons and three introns, and encodes a preapo-E protein comprised of a signal peptide of 18 amino acids and a mature protein of 299 amino acids. The porcine apo-E gene contains a (CG)13 microsatellite marker within intron three. This microsatellite is moderately polymorphic, and at least four alleles were evident at this locus among 10 animals from each of the Yorkshire, Hampshire, Landrace and Duroc breeds. Finally, localization of the porcine apo-E gene to chromosome 6 band q2.1 was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization and confirmed by genetic linkage analysis.
A distributed and intelligent system approach for the automatic inspection of steam-generator tubes in nuclear power plants (1998)

The inspection of steam-generator (SG) tubes in a nuclear power plant (NPP) is a time-consuming, laborious, and hazardous task because of several hard constraints such as a highly radiated working environment, a tight task schedule, and the need for many experienced human inspectors. This paper presents a new distributed intelligent system architecture for automating traditional inspection methods. The proposed architecture adopts three basic technical strategies in order to reduce the complexity of system implementation. The first is the distributed task allocation into four stages: inspection planning (IF), signal acquisition (SA), signal evaluation (SE), and inspection data management (IDM). Consequently, dedicated subsystems for automation of each stage can be designed and implemented separately. The second strategy is the inclusion of several useful artificial intelligence techniques for implementing the subsystems of each stage, such as an expert system for IP and SE and machine vision and remote robot control techniques for SA. The third strategy is the integration of the subsystems using client/server-based distributed computing architecture and a centralized database management concept. Through the use of the proposed architecture, human errors, which can occur during inspection, can be minimized because the element of human intervention has been almost eliminated; however, the productivity of the human inspector can be increased equally. A prototype of the proposed system has been developed and successfully tested over the last six years in domestic NPP's.
Development of a Configurable Growth Chamber with a Computer Vision System to Study Circadian Rhythm in Plants (2012)

Plant development is the result of an endogenous morphogenetic program that integrates environmental signals. The so-called circadian clock is a set of genes that integrates environmental inputs into an internal pacing system that gates growth and other outputs. Study of circadian growth responses requires high sampling rates to detect changes in growth and avoid aliasing. We have developed a flexible configurable growth chamber comprising a computer vision system that allows sampling rates ranging between one image per 30 s to hours/days. The vision system has a controlled illumination system, which allows the user to set up different configurations. The illumination system used emits a combination of wavelengths ensuring the optimal growth of species under analysis. In order to obtain high contrast of captured images, the capture system is composed of two CCD cameras, for day and night periods. Depending on the sample type, a flexible image processing software calculates different parameters based on geometric calculations. As a proof of concept we tested the system in three different plant tissues, growth of petunia- and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) flowers and of cladodes from the cactus Opuntia ficus-indica. We found that petunia flowers grow at a steady pace and display a strong growth increase in the early morning, whereas Opuntia cladode growth turned out not to follow a circadian growth pattern under the growth conditions imposed. Furthermore we were able to identify a decoupling of increase in area and length indicating that two independent growth processes are responsible for the final size and shape of the cladode.
Controlling the influence of SPM in fiber-based chirped-pulse amplification systems by using an actively shaped parabolic spectrum (2007)

We report on the experimental demonstration of the control of the influence of nonlinearity in fiber-based chirped-pulse amplification (CPA) using active spectral amplitude shaping. By applying a liquid crystal spatial light modulator, the influence of the spectral profile on the recompressed pulse quality is experimentally revealed. The parabolic spectrum is experimentally determined to be very suitable for CPA-systems in which nonlinearity is present. The corresponding nonlinear phase contribution can be efficiently compensated by a conventional grating compressor. In a proof-of-principle experiment using an Yb-doped fiber- CPA-system, control at a B-integral as high as 16 rad is demonstrated. The method allows significant performance improvement of fiber-based chirpedpulse amplification.
Approximate Calculation of Ship Frictional Resistance Increase due to Surface Roughness (1982)

In order to calculate frictional resistance increase due to surface roughness of a ship, a two-dimensional turbulent boundary layer theory for rough surface was applied to potential streamlines over the hull surface. In the calculation, Karlsson's roughness functions for full-scale ships were used. The calculated results were compared with those calculated by replacing a ship with a flat plate, and compared with the experimental data. The frictional resistance increase calculated by the present method is a little larger than that of flat plate approximation. Further, a fairly good correlation between calculated results and experimental data was obtained when they were plotted with respect to the mean apparent amplitude.
Parallel implementation of orthogonal matching pursuit in OpenCL (2013)

ABSTRACT: Orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) is one of the most effective techniques to\nrecover a sparse signal from limited number of measurements. However, when the number of measurements necessary is very large recovering the sparse signal would a challenge for CPU. In this thesis we aim to improve the performance of large array reconstruction by using parallel computing technology. We use Open Computing Language (OpenCL) in implementing parallel OMP in CPU and GPU. We also make some modification in pseudoinverse algorithm (i.e. using QR decomposition instead of naive matrix inverse) to improve the robustness of the implementation. To examine the performance and quality of implementation, we consider signals of four different sizes (i.e. small, medium, large and massive) and evaluate the results. We can obtain better performance (over 2 times faster) for signals of large and massive sizes in terms of the speed and accuracy of the reconstruction. Thanks to portability of OpenCL, the proposed implementation can be run on all kind of devices such as embedded devices, smart phones, and laptops. Keywords: Compressive Sensing, Orthogonal Matching Pursuit, OpenCL, Graphic\nProcessing Unit, Central Processing Unit.\n\n…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………\nÖZ: Dik Eşleştirme Takib tekniği, sınırlı sayıda ölçümlerden bir seyrek sinyal kurtarmak\niçin en cazip tekniklerinden biridir. Ancak, bu sınırlı sayıda ölçümlerin pek çok olduğu zaman, orijinal sinyal kurtarma işi CPU için çok zor olacaktır. Bu tezde önerilen yöntem, CPU tarafından kurtarılması zor olan büyük sayıda olan ölçümler için iyidir. Bu tezde, Heterojen bilgisayar teknolojisini kullanarak, büyük miktarda olan ölçümlerin hızlıca hesaplanması için yeni bir yöntem öneriyoruz. Bu son teknolojinin gücünü kullanmak için, bize ölçümleri işlemekte tüm kaynakları kullanmak için OpenCL yi kullanıyoruz. Deneylere göre, işlem hızında hemen hemen üç kat iyileştirme vardır. Ayrıca bu hesaplama deneyi bize küçük bir hata ile çok net bir sonuç verebilir olduğunu gösteriyoruz. Eğer OpenCL yeni atom fonksiyonunu kullanırsak, kata yakın daha hıza ulaşmamız mümkün olacaktır. Ayrıca, en yüksek performans elde etmek için daha hızlı bir donanım kullanmak da mümkündür. Önerdiğimiz yöntem ile, gömülü cihazlar, akıllı telefonlar ve dizüstü bilgisayarlar gibi her türlü cihazları çalıştırmak için OpenCLyin taşınabilirliğinden\nyalarlanabiliriz. Anahtar Kelimeler: Ortogonal Eşleştirme Takip, OpenCL, Grafik İşleme Birimi,\nMerkezi İşlem Birimi.
Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism (2016)

Starch is of fundamental importance for plant development and reproduction and its optimized molecular assembly is potentially necessary for correct starch metabolism. Re-structuring of starch granules in-planta can therefore potentially affect plant metabolism. Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). The resulting lines displayed Amylose-Only (AO) and Hyper-Phosphorylated (HP) starch chemotypes, respectively. We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. While HP showed relatively little effect, AO showed significant reduction in starch accumulation with re-direction to protein and -glucan (BG) accumulation. Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with repartitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD.
Model-based motion blur estimation for the improvement of motion tracking (2017)

Video tracking is an important task in many automated or semi-automated applications, like cinematic post production, surveillance or traffic monitoring. Most established video tracking methods fail or lead to an inaccurate estimate when motion blur occurs in the video, as they assume, that the object appears constantly sharp in the video. In this paper, we present a novel motion tracking method with explicit modeling of motion blur, estimating the continuous motion of a rigid 3-D object with known geometry in a monocular video as well as the sharp object texture. Instead of treating motion blur as a potential source of errors, we take advantage of it and consider motion blur as an additional information source, providing information about the motion of the tracked object during the exposure. In an analysis-by synthesis approach we explicitly model the effects of motion blur reconstructing the captured frames, in order to accomplish a more accurate estimation. We design our algorithm to be capable to run in parallel on the GPU using the common rendering pipeline and considering each frame individually to handle also long videos. We tested our approach on both synthetic and real videos. In both cases, we achieve significant improvements of accuracy and reductions of frame reconstruction error compared to the estimated motion of a rigid body tracker, without motion blur handling.
The electrically noncontacting ECG measurement on the toilet seat using the capacitively-coupled insulated electrodes (2005)

The studies of ECG measurement on the toilet seat have been performed specifically for the ubiquitous health care. Instead of the mainly used dry electrodes having several problems such as the electrical safety or the environmental stability, we used the capacitively-coupled insulated electrodes, which were composed of the Cu plate and the PTFE film for the measurement. The biosignal sensed with the insulated electrodes was measured through the ultra-high input impedance system including OPA111 having the common mode impedance of 10/sup 14/ Omega ft. As the result of measuring the signal, with the electrical ground on the neck or the hand, the R-peaks were detected very positively. However, without the electrical ground on the body, we could detect the heartbeat signal, a land of the motion artifacts by the variation of the blood vessel volume. It seems that this heartbeat signal can be also used as the important parameter like the R-peaks for the HRV (heart rate variability) analysis. In addition, it is thought that, without the directly electrical ground, the R-peak detection will be possible by the improvement of the SNR with the active common canceling system.
Educational NMR Software (1997)

A description of a compilation of computer programs (EduNMRSoft) suitable for teaching NMR at an introductory to advanced level is presented. Each program is categorised and described by function, hardware requirements, availability, author, and references in the list. The compilation is available in electronic form at http://www.chem.umu.se/divisions/fk/EduNMRSoft.html.
Inhibition of pepsin action (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTInhibition of pepsin actionKen. Inouye and Joseph S. FrutonCite this: Biochemistry 1968, 7, 5, 1611–1615Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00845a001https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00845a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views121Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts