gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Erythrocyte-dependent regulation of human skeletal muscle blood flow: role of varied oxyhemoglobin and exercise on nitrite, <i>S</i>-nitrosohemoglobin, and ATP (2010)

The erythrocyte is proposed to play a key role in the control of local tissue perfusion via three O(2)-dependent signaling mechanisms: 1) reduction of circulating nitrite to vasoactive NO, 2) S-nitrosohemoglobin (SNO-Hb)-dependent vasodilatation, and 3) release of the vasodilator and sympatholytic ATP; however, their relative roles in vivo remain unclear. Here we evaluated each mechanism to gain insight into their roles in the regulation of human skeletal muscle blood flow during hypoxia and hyperoxia at rest and during exercise. Arterial and femoral venous hemoglobin O(2) saturation (O(2)Hb), plasma and erythrocyte NO and ATP metabolites, and leg and systemic hemodynamics were measured in 10 healthy males exposed to graded hypoxia, normoxia, and graded hyperoxia both at rest and during submaximal one-legged knee-extensor exercise. At rest, leg blood flow and NO and ATP metabolites in plasma and erythrocytes remained unchanged despite large alterations in O(2)Hb. During exercise, however, leg and systemic perfusion and vascular conductance increased in direct proportion to decreases in arterial and venous O(2)Hb (r(2) = 0.86-0.98; P = 0.01), decreases in venous plasma nitrite (r(2) = 0.93; P < 0.01), increases in venous erythrocyte nitroso species (r(2) = 0.74; P < 0.05), and to a lesser extent increases in erythrocyte SNO (r(2) = 0.59; P = 0.07). No relationship was observed with plasma ATP (r(2) = 0.01; P = 0.99) or its degradation compounds. These in vivo data indicate that, during low-intensity exercise and hypoxic stress, but not hypoxic stress alone, plasma nitrite consumption and formation of erythrocyte nitroso species are associated with limb vasodilatation and increased blood flow in the human skeletal muscle vasculature.
An experimental coin-sized radio for extremely low-power wpan (IEEE 802.15.4) application at 2.4 ghz (2003)

An experimental 2.4-GHz CMOS radio composed of RF and digital circuits for the low-power and low-rate preliminary IEEE802.15.4 WPAN is reported, consuming 21 mW in receive mode and 30 mW in transmit mode. The RF design focus is to maximize linearity for a given power consumption using linearization methods which lead an order of magnitude improvement in LNA/mixer IIP3/power performance. Chip-on-PCB technology allows implementation of a coin-sized radio at very low cost, which also provides 3 dBi gain patch antenna and high Q (>50) inductors.
Streptomycin, a Substance Exhibiting Antibiotic Activity Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Bacteria.*  (1944)

A new antibacterial substance, designated as streptomycin, was isolated from two strains of an actinomyces related to an organism described as Actinomyces griseus. This substance resembles streptothricin in its solubility in water, mode of isolation and concentration from culture medium, its selective activity against gram-negative bacteria, and its limited toxicity to animals. However, the two substances differ in the nature of their respective bacteriostatic spectra as well as in their quantitative action upon different bacteria. It is suggested that one is dealing here with two closely related chemical compounds.
p21WAF1 expression by an activator of protein kinase C is regulated mainly at the post-transcriptional level in cells lacking p53: important role of RNA stabilization (1999)

p21(WAF1) inhibits cyclin-cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) complexes, causing cell cycle arrest. p21(WAF1) contains p53-binding sites in its promoter and expression of p21(WAF1) is induced by functional p53. In the present work, we have studied the role of protein kinase C (PKC) in the induction of p21(WAF1) and show that induction of p21(WAF1) expression can occur by activation of PKC in cells having no p53. Human ovarian carcinoma cells, SKOV-3, lack p53 protein and PMA, a potent activator of PKC, did not induce p53. PMA increased the expression of p21(WAF1) mRNA both in these cells and in other cells which do not contain p53 (THP-1 and U937). Treatment of human embryonic fibroblasts, WI38, with PMA also induced the accumulation of p21(WAF1) without affecting p53 levels. However, PMA did not increase levels of p21(WAF1) mRNA in cells where either the PKC or the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway was blocked. Furthermore, treatment of cells with various phorbol ester derivatives which activate PKC resulted in the induction of p21(WAF1) in SKOV-3 cells. In contrast, phorbol esters which do not activate PKC failed to induce p21(WAF1) expression. PMA increased the transcriptional rate of p21(WAF1) and activated the transcription of a luciferase reporter gene, controlled by the p21 promoter, in SKOV-3 cells with or without a p53 consensus-binding sequence. By contrast, PMA markedly stabilized p21(WAF1) mRNA; the half-life (t1/2) of p21(WAF1) in PMA-treated cells was >8 h compared with <1 h in untreated cells. These findings provide evidence that the PKC pathway induces expression of p21(WAF1) independently of p53. Our present study also suggests that the accumulation of p21(WAF1) transcripts by PMA occurs mainly at post-transcriptional level.
Stora-Sandor (Judith) L'Humour juif dans la littérature, de Job à Woody Allen (1985)

Cohen Martine. Stora-Sandor (Judith) L'Humour juif dans la littérature, de Job à Woody Allen. In: Archives de sciences sociales des religions, n°59/2, 1985. pp. 304-305.
Distribution of persistent Salmonella typhimurium infection in internal organs of swine (1989)

Experiments were conducted to establish a persistent Salmonella typhimurium infection in convalescent swine, and to determine rate of shedding and distribution of the organism in internal organs. Naturally farrowed Salmonella-free pigs (n = 37) were orally exposed to S typhimurium when 7 to 8 weeks old. Fecal samples, tonsillar scrapings, and rectal swab specimens were examined bacteriologically for S typhimurium at weekly intervals after exposure until necropsy (maximum of 28 weeks after exposure). Necropsies of 1 to 4 randomly selected pigs were conducted at 2, 4, and 7 days and at 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, and 28 weeks after exposure. The following internal organs were examined bacteriologically for S typhimurium: liver, spleen, kidney, gallbladder, heart, lung, and stomach; segments of the intestinal tract with corresponding lymph nodes; lymph nodes from lymphocenters of the head and neck, thoracic and abdominal cavities, pelvic wall, and thoracic and pelvic limbs. Fecal samples were 83 to 100% culture-positive up to postexposure (PE) week 22, then varied from 14 to 67% positive until PE week 28. At least 60% of tonsillar swab specimens and 50% of rectal swab specimens were culture-positive up to PE week 20, after which they varied from 0 to 70% positive until PE week 28. At necropsy, S typhimurium was recovered most frequently from tonsils (93.5% positive), followed by segments of the intestinal tract from caudal portion of jejunum to rectum (71% recovery from cecum), and mandibular (54.8%) and ileocolic (45.2%) lymph nodes.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Body Composition and Mortality after Adult Lung Transplantation in the United States (2014)

A BMI of 30.0-34.9 kg/m(2) is not associated with 1-year mortality after lung transplantation in the LAS era, perhaps because of its low sensitivity for obesity. The association between leptin and mortality suggests the need to validate alternative methods to measure obesity in candidates for lung transplantation. A BMI greater than or equal to 30 kg/m(2) may no longer contraindicate lung transplantation.
Recent Advances in Marine Biotechnology, Vol. 8 (2003)

This book discusses petroleum spill bioremediation, the use of spectroscopy to identify microbial metabolic pathways, the detoxification of mercury by using recombinant mercury-resistant bacteria, and the use of manganese-oxidizing bacteria for bioremediation.
Synthesis and evaluation of asperlicin analogues as non-peptidal cholecystokinin-antagonists. (2001)

The SAR of Asperlicin analogues is reported, leading to bioactive 1,4-benzodiazepine-2-ones, which were prepared in a 3 step reaction sequence. The Asperlicin substructure was built up using Tryptophan and readily available 2-amino-acetophenones. This template, containing a 1,4-benzodiazepin-2-one moiety with a 3-indolmethyl side chain, was transformed into mono- and di-substituted 3-indol-3'-yl-methyl-1,4-benzodi-azepine-2-ones by selective alkylation and acylation reactions. The SAR optimization of the 1,4-benzodiazepine scaffold has included variations at the 5-, 7-, 8-position, at the N1, N-indole nitrogen and the configuration of the C3-position. The most active Asperlicin analogue, having an IC50 of 1.6 microM on the CCKA receptor subtype, was obtained from Tryptophan in only 3 steps in an overall yield of 48%.
5‐HT<sub>1A</sub>agonists increase and 5‐HT<sub>3</sub>agonists decrease acetylcholine efflux from the cerebral cortex of freely‐moving guinea‐pigs (1990)

1. The influence of 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (5-HT1A), 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 agonists and antagonists on acetylcholine (ACh) release from the cerebral cortex was studied in freely moving guinea-pigs. 2. 8-Hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 0.01-1 mg kg-1, s.c.) caused the 5-HT syndrome and dose-dependently increased ACh release. Ru 24969 (1-10 mg kg-1, s.c.) shared the same effects, but it was less potent. (-)-Propranolol (5 mg kg-1) and metitepine (2 mg kg-1) prevented these behavioural and neurochemical responses. 3. (+/-)-1(4-Iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)2-aminopropane (DOI) up to 2 mg kg-1 did not modify ACh release and ketanserin (0.5 mg kg-1) was ineffective on 5-HT-induced changes of ACh outflow. 4. 2-Methyl-5-HT (500 micrograms, i.c.v.) and 5-HT (500 micrograms, i.c.v.) plus metitepine (2 mg kg-1, s.c.) inhibited the gross behaviour and ACh release. ICS 205-930 (0.5 mg kg-1) prevented these responses. 5. 2-Methyl-5-HT, up to 10 mumols 1(-1), and 8-OH-DPAT, up to 0.1 mumols 1(-1), (like 5-HT) did not change [3H]-choline efflux from cerebral cortex slices. 6. These results suggest that exogenous 5-HT and related selective agonists modulate guinea-pig cortical cholinergic structures through 5-HT1A and 5-HT3 receptors. The stimulation of 5-HT1A autoreceptors may lead to disinhibition of the cholinergic cells, tonically inhibited by the tryptaminergic control. Conversely, the stimulation of 5-HT3 receptors inhibits ACh release, possibly through an interneurone. No direct 5-HT modulation of the cholinergic nerve endings was found.
Effect of an elliptical optical zone on outcome of photoastigmatic refractive keratectomy. (1999)

Excimer laser photorefractive astigmatic keratectomy using an elliptical optical zone improved the correction index for astigmatic change and reduced the mean angle of error. An elliptical optical zone is more effective than the circular optical zone for the treatment of astigmatism in patients with compound myopic astigmatism.
Targeting of αv-Integrins in Stem/Progenitor Cells and Supportive Microenvironment Impairs Bone Metastasis in Human Prostate Cancer (2011)

Acquisition of an invasive phenotype by cancer cells is a requirement for bone metastasis. Transformed epithelial cells can switch to a motile, mesenchymal phenotype by epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Recently, it has been shown that EMT is functionally linked to prostate cancer stem cells, which are not only critically involved in prostate cancer maintenance but also in bone metastasis. We showed that treatment with the non-peptide α(v)-integrin antagonist GLPG0187 dose-dependently increased the E-cadherin/vimentin ratio, rendering the cells a more epithelial, sessile phenotype. In addition, GLPG0187 dose-dependently diminished the size of the aldehyde dehydrogenase high subpopulation of prostate cancer cells, suggesting that α(v)-integrin plays an important role in maintaining the prostate cancer stem/progenitor pool. Our data show that GLPG0187 is a potent inhibitor of osteoclastic bone resorption and angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo. Real-time bioluminescent imaging in preclinical models of prostate cancer demonstrated that blocking α(v)-integrins by GLPG0187 markedly reduced their metastatic tumor growth according to preventive and curative protocols. Bone tumor burden was significantly lower in the preventive protocol. In addition, the number of bone metastases/mouse was significantly inhibited. In the curative protocol, the progression of bone metastases and the formation of new bone metastases during the treatment period was significantly inhibited. In conclusion, we demonstrate that targeting of integrins by GLPG0187 can inhibit the de novo formation and progression of bone metastases in prostate cancer by antitumor (including inhibition of EMT and the size of the prostate cancer stem cell population), antiresorptive, and antiangiogenic mechanisms.
Two-dimensional nonclose-packed colloidal crystals formed by spincoating (2006)

We report a simple spin-coating technique for the production of monolayer nonclose-packed colloidal crystals. Dispersions of submicron silica spheres in triacrylate monomers are spincoated and polymerized to form two-dimensional colloidal crystal-polymer nanocomposites. By removing the polymer matrix, wafer-scale nonclose-packed colloidal crystals with high crystalline quality can be made. The technique is compatible with standard microfabrication and allows for the production of microstructures for potential devices. Normal-incidence reflectivity spectra in the visible and near-infrared regions show sharp peaks due to Bragg diffraction from the colloidal monolayers. The peak position matches with the theoretical prediction using scalar wave approximation.
Scoring performance on computer-based patient simulations: beyond value of information. (1999)

As computer based clinical case simulations become increasingly popular for training and evaluating clinicians, approaches are needed to evaluate a trainee's or examinee's solution of the simulated cases. In 1997 we developed a decision analytic approach to scoring performance on computerized patient case simulations, using expected value of information (VOI) to generate a score each time the user requested clinical information from the simulation. Although this measure has many desirable characteristics, we found that the VOI was zero for the majority of information requests. We enhanced our original algorithm to measure potential decrements in expected utility that could result from using results of information requests that have zero VOI. Like the original algorithm, the new approach uses decision models, represented as influence diagrams, to represent the diagnostic problem. The process of solving computer based patient simulations involves repeated cycles of requesting and receiving these data from the simulations. Each time the user requests clinical data from the simulation, the influence diagram is evaluated to determine the expected VOI of the requested clinical datum. The VOI is non-zero only it the requested datum has the potential to change the leading diagnosis. The VOI is zero when the data item requested does not map to any node in the influence diagram or when the item maps to a node but does not change the leading diagnosis regardless of it's value. Our new algorithm generates a score for each of these situations by modeling what would happen to the expected utility of the model if the user changes the leading diagnosis based on the results. The resulting algorithm produces a non-zero score for all information requests. The score is the VOI when the VOI is non-zero It is a negative number when the VOI is zero.
Crack Pattern Formation in Thin Film Lithium-Ion Battery Electrodes (2011)

Cracking of electrodes caused by large volume change and the associated lithium diffusion-induced stress during electrochemical cycling is one of the main reasons for the short cycle life of lithium-ion batteries using high capacity anode materials, such as Si and Sn. In this work, we study the fracture behavior and cracking patterns in amorphous Si thin film electrodes as a result of electrochemical cycling. A modified spring-block model is shown to capture the essential features of cracking patterns of electrode materials, including self-similarity. It is shown that cracks are straight in thick films, but show more wiggles in thin films. As the thickness of film decreases, the average size of islands separated by cracks decreases. A critical thickness bellow which material would not crack is found for amorphous Si films. The experimental and simulation results of this work provide guidelines for designing crack free thin-film lithium ion battery electrodes during cycling by patterning the electrode and reducing the film thickness.
Development of a termination for the 77 kV-class high Tc superconducting power cable (1997)

A termination for 77 kV-class high Tc superconducting power cables was designed and fabricated. The termination is insulated with SF/sub 6/ gas, nitrogen gas and liquid nitrogen and is cooled with liquid nitrogen. The current lead has a cross sectional area altered along its axis in order to decrease the heat inlet and to prevent SF/sub 6/ gas from liquefying. The current lead is insulated with ethylene-propylene rubber (EPR) because it passes through nitrogen gas which has low dielectric strength in comparison with liquid nitrogen and SF/sub 6/ gas. 200 A AC current and 70 kV AC voltage to ground were successfully applied simultaneously for 40 hours in total. The measured heat loss of the termination, 19 W, is in good agreement with the calculated value. As the next step, the applied voltage was increased and the termination was confirmed to withstand the voltage up to 120 kV AC and 400 kV Imp to ground.
Magnetomechanical Acoustic Emission for Residual Stress and Prior Strain Determination. (1979)

This study evaluated magnetomechanical acoustic emission (MAE) in iron, nickel, steels and an iron-nickel alloy. The intensity of MAE increased with an increasing level of magnetization at 60 Hz and was also dependent on chemical composition, microstructure, applied stress, and prior cold work. Nickel was the highest emitter and the iron-31% nickel alloy was the lowest. Martensitic transformation and cold-working reduced MAE. Applied stress also suppressed MAE, although some enhancements were observed in nickel and A533B steel. A model based on displacement step generation is proposed. The displacement is a consequence of domain boundary motion that alters magnetostrictive strain. The model satisfactorily explains a variety of experimental observations at least qualitatively. However, independent experiments will be needed to confirm some of the assumptions. Results presented amply demonstrate that MAE provides the basis for a new class of nondestructive testing of residual stress and other material parameters of practical interest. (Author)
Transistor design with TCAD tuning and device optimization for process/device synthesis (2002)

Process/device synthesis using automated optimized device design with a set of target/constraint values is investigated to reduce device design time and product cycle time. As a first step, the authors report results on (a) transistor design methodology, (b) TCAD simulator tuning methodology, and (c) device optimization using process sensitivity considerations and a new transistor figure-of-merit for digital circuit speed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
5-GHz Oscillator Array With Reduced Flicker Up-Conversion in 0.13-<tex>$muhboxm$</tex>CMOS (2006)

Voltage supply scaling in CMOS processes requires lower inductance and higher capacitance in conventional LC oscillators. Forcing several LC oscillators to run in phase is a valuable means of achieving the wanted phase noise with practical values of inductances and capacitances. However, in-phase oscillator arrays suffer from the up-conversion of transistors' flicker noise, in the presence of oscillator mismatches. A multitank oscillator topology is proposed, which has superior tolerance to mismatches and removes this mechanism of noise degradation. In order to assess such topology, an 802.11 a-compliant VCO with four coupled oscillators has been designed in a 0.13-mum CMOS technology. A phase noise better than -120 dBc/Hz at 1-MHz offset has been achieved along the 4.7-5.9-GHz tuning range
Hen egg white lysozyme as an inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase (2006)

We report a kinetics study on hen egg white lysozyme's (HEWL) inhibitory effect on mushroom tyrosinase catalysis of 3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)-L-alanine (L-DOPA) or L-tyrosine. For the first time, we demonstrate HEWL as a robust inhibitor against mushroom tyrosinase in catalysis of both substrates. The kinetics pattern matches a mixed (mostly non-competitive) partial inhibition. Ki and ID50 value of HEWL are more than 20-fold lower than that of kojic acid, a well-known chemical inhibitor of mushroom tyrosinase. Ki, alpha value and beta value, are almost identical in both experiments (L-DOPA and L-tyrosine as substrates, respectively), which suggests this common inhibition mechanism affects both steps. The inhibitory effect increases as both proteins were mixed and pre-incubated for less than 1 h. HEWL-depletion only removed about half of the inhibitory effect. Here we propose a novel function of HEWL, which combines the reversible inhibition and the irreversible inactivation toward mushroom tyrosinase. Discovery of HEWL as an inhibitor to mushroom tyrosinase catalysis may be commercially valuable in the food, medical and cosmetic industries.
Nucleotide sequences of feline sarcoma virus long terminal repeats and 5' leaders show extensive homology to those of other mammalian retroviruses (1983)

The nucleotide sequences of the Gardner-Arnstein feline sarcoma virus (FeSV) long terminal repeat and the adjacent leader sequences 5' to the viral gag gene were determined. These were compared with homologous portions of Synder-Theilen FeSV and with previously published sequences for Moloney murine sarcoma virus and simian sarcoma virus proviral DNA. More than 75% of the residues in the FeSV R and U5 regions were homologous to sequences within the same regions of the other viral long terminal repeats. Unexpectedly, alignment of the FeSV sequences with those of the Moloney murine sarcoma and simian sarcoma viruses showed similar extents of homology within U3. The homologous U3 regions included the inverted repeats, a single set of putative enhancer sequences, corresponding to a "72-base-pair" repeat, and sequences, including the CAT and TATA boxes, characteristic of eucaryotic promotors. The 5' leader sequences of both FeSV strains included a binding site for prolyl tRNA and a putative splice donor sequence. In addition, the FeSV leader contained a long open reading frame which was adjacent to and in phase with the ATG codon at the 5' end of the FeSV gag gene. The open reading frame could code for a signal peptide of about 7.4 kilodaltons. Our results support the concept that the virogenic portions of both FeSV and simian sarcoma virus were ancestrally derived from viruses of rodent origin, with conservation of regulatory sequences as well as the viral structural genes.