gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Total and Regional Myocardial Blood Flow Measurements with 25µ, 15µ, 9µ, and Filtered 1-10µ Diameter Microspheres and Antipyrine in Dogs and Sheep (1974)

The accuracy of regional myocardial blood flow measurements made with microspheres of different sizes is uncertain. Therefore, we simultaneously injected radioactive microspheres of different sizes into the left atria of dogs and sheep; the microsphere diameters were 25µ, 15µ, 9µ, 1-l0µ, and filtered 1-10µ (most > 7µ). Antipyrine was sometimes simultaneously infused for 15-60 seconds. Myocardial blood flow was altered by hemorrhage, tachycardia, supravalvar aortic constriction, or infusion of methoxamine or adenosine triphosphate; left coronary artery branches were occluded on two occasions. Sometimes the percent of untrapped microspheres was estimated. All sizes of microspheres measured similar total myocardial blood flows when the percent of untrapped microspheres was known. All indicators were distributed identically to the right and left ventricular free walls and septum; ischemic areas had a 1% excess of antipyrine. With any pair of microspheres, the larger had a subendocardial excess except for 25µ microspheres, which were in excess compared with 15µ microspheres in the higher flow layer whether it was subendocardial or subepicardial. The greatest difference for any pair of microspheres was 10.53% of flow in a layer. Antipyrine did not define which size of microspheres measured true regional blood flow, since many previously unemphasized limitations were discovered. Nevertheless, we believe that microspheres 9µ in diameter are probably the best for measuring regional myocardial blood flow.
A review of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for diesel engines (2000)

Abstract Technical advances and environmental legislation in recent years have stimulated the development of a number of techniques for condition monitoring and fault diagnosis (CMFD) in diesel engines. This paper firstly summarises common faults, fault mechanisms and their effect on diesel engine performance. Corresponding measurands are presented. Standard CMFD methods for parameters and CMFD systems for diesel engines are reviewed. Finally, some advanced CMFD techniques, including neural networks and fuzzy logic, which may be more powerful, are discussed.
[Epidemiology and pathogenesis of Sjögren's syndrome]. (1995)

A nationwide epidemiological survey of Japanese Sjögren's syndrome (SS) patients was conducted in 1994 by the Research Committee on Epidemiology of Intractable Diseases and the Research Committee of Autoimmune diseases, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Japan. The total number of patients treated for SS in 1993, in Japan, was estimated as 17,000 (95% confidence interval 15,000-20,000). The estimated crude prevalence rates were 1.9 and 25.6 per 100,000 population in males and females, respectively. The ratio of female to male patients was 13.7. The peak of age distribution was in their fifties. New research trends to explore the pathogenesis of SS are also discussed here.
Machine intelligence in peptide therapeutics: A next‐generation tool for rapid disease screening (2020)

Discovery and development of biopeptides are time-consuming, laborious, and dependent on various factors. Data-driven computational methods, especially machine learning (ML) approach, can rapidly and efficiently predict the utility of therapeutic peptides. ML methods offer an array of tools that can accelerate and enhance decision making and discovery for well-defined queries with ample and sophisticated data quality. Various ML approaches, such as support vector machines, random forest, extremely randomized tree, and more recently deep learning methods, are useful in peptide-based drug discovery. These approaches leverage the peptide data sets, created via high-throughput sequencing and computational methods, and enable the prediction of functional peptides with increased levels of accuracy. The use of ML approaches in the development of peptide-based therapeutics is relatively recent; however, these techniques are already revolutionizing protein research by unraveling their novel therapeutic peptide functions. In this review, we discuss several ML-based state-of-the-art peptide-prediction tools and compare these methods in terms of their algorithms, feature encodings, prediction scores, evaluation methodologies, and software utilities. We also assessed the prediction performance of these methods using well-constructed independent data sets. In addition, we discuss the common pitfalls and challenges of using ML approaches for peptide therapeutics. Overall, we show that using ML models in peptide research can streamline the development of targeted peptide therapies.
Philadelphia chromosome (Ph1)-negative chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML): a clonal disease with origin in a multipotent stem cell (1980)

It has been shown with glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD) mosaicism that Ph1-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a clonal disease that involves multipotent hematopoietic stem cells. We now report G-6-PD studies of a 79-yr-old woman with Ph1-negative CML. Equal amounts of B and A-type activities were found in nonhematopoietic tissues, indicating that the patient was heterozygous for G-6-PD. In contrast, only A-type G-6-PD was found in marrow cells, blood erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets and in granulocyte-monocyte and eosinophil colonies grown from blood mononuclear cells. Unlike most cases of PH1-positive CML, colony growth in this patient increased during blastic transformation and the colonies contained only immature monocytic cells. The data indicate that in this patient, Ph1-negative CML is similar to the Ph1-positive form of the disease in involvement of multipotent stem cells and probable clonal origin, but the two disorders differ in the rapidity with which they enter blastic transformation and in the pattern of granulocyte-monocyte colony growth at that time.
MBP‐1 is efficiently encoded by an alternative transcript of the <i>ENO1</i> gene but post‐translationally regulated by proteasome‐dependent protein turnover (2010)

The c-myc promoter-binding protein-1 (MBP-1) is a transcriptional suppressor of tumorigenesis and thought to be the product of alternative translation initiation of the α-enolase (ENO1) transcript. In the present study, we cloned a 2552-bp novel cDNA with a putative coding sequence of MBP-1 and functionally examined its ability to encode the MBP-1 protein. Similarly to ENO1, the obtained MBP-1 was widely and differentially expressed in a variety of normal tissues and cancer cells. Experiments using MBP-1 promoter-driven luciferase reporter assays, biochemical cell fractionation followed by RT-PCR detection of the cytoplasmic mRNA, and transcription/translation-coupled reactions, consistently demonstrated that this novel transcript was alternatively transcribed from intron III of the ENO1 gene and was feasible for MBP-1 production. Hypoxia treatments significantly increased the transcriptional activation of the MBP-1 gene. Blocking the proteasomal degradation by MG132 stabilized the MBP-1 protein in cells. Compared with the translation efficiency for production of the MBP-1 protein, the MBP-1 transcript was 17.8 times more efficient than the ENO1 transcript. Thus, we suggest that this newly discovered transcript is a genuine template for the protein synthesis of MBP-1 in cells, and optimal expression of this gene in tumors may lead to effective clinical therapies for cancers.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 7‐HYDROXYBENZO(A)PYRENE (1983)

Abstract Aus dem Keton (I) wird über das Enolacetat (III) das Hydroxybenzpyren (VI) hergestellt.
<i>rpoB</i> Gene Analysis as a Novel Strategy for Identification of Spirochetes from the Genera <i>Borrelia</i> , <i>Treponema</i> , and <i>Leptospira</i> (2000)

Spirochetes are emerging pathogens for which culture and identification are partly unresolved. In fact, 16S rRNA-based sequencing is by far the most widely used PCR methodology that is able to detect such uncultivable pathogens. However, this assay actually has some limitations linked to potential problems of contamination, which hampers diagnosis. To circumvent this, we have devised a simple PCR strategy involving targeting of the gene encoding the RNA polymerase beta subunit (rpoB), a highly conserved enzyme. The complete sequence of the Leptospira biflexa (serovar patoc) rpoB gene was determined and compared with the published sequences for Borrelia burgdorferi and Treponema pallidum. From the resulting analysis, degenerate nucleotide primers were designed and tested for their ability to amplify a portion of the rpoB gene from various spirochetes. Using two different pairs of these primers, we succeeded in obtaining specific rpoB-amplified fragments for all members of the genera Leptospira, Treponema, and Borrelia tested and no other bacteria. Our findings may have significant implications for the development of a new tool for the identification of spirochetes, especially if clinical samples are contaminated or when the infecting strain is uncultivable.
Detection of Quantitative Trait Loci Affecting Twinning Rate in Israeli Holsteins by the Daughter Design (2008)

Twinning rate was analyzed in the Israeli Holstein dairy cattle population by the multiple-trait animal model, and a daughter design genome scan for quantitative trait loci was performed. Each parity was considered a separate trait. Heritabilities of twinning rate were very low, but increased by parity from 0.01 in first parity to 0.03 in fifth parity. All genetic correlations among parities were >0.77, but all environmental correlations were <0.07. Genetic correlations between twinning rate and female fertility (measured as the inverse of the number of inseminations to conception) in the first 3 parities were negative for all 9 parity-by-trait combinations. All environmental correlations were very small, but generally negative. The overall genetic trend since 1985 was positive at 0.02% twinning/yr, whereas the phenotypic trends were positive for parities 3 and 4 and negative for the other parities, but all trends were quite small. A total of 5,221 cows, daughters of 11 sires, were genotyped for 73 markers spanning all 29 autosomes. There were 9 markers with significant effects on twinning rate at P < 0.05, for a false discovery rate of 0.4; thus, about 5 of these probably represent true effects. Significant effects were found on chromosomes 1, 6, 7, 8, 14, 15, and 23. Of these, 3 effects were significant at P < 0.01, for a false discovery rate of 0.24. All 11 families were analyzed by interval mapping of chromosome 7. Only 2 families showed nominally significant effects, but chromosome-wise significance at P < 0.05 was not obtained for either family. Suggestive evidence of quantitative trait loci near the beginning of the chromosome and near position 50 cM were found in both families. Sire 3070 also had a significant effect for female fertility near the beginning of the chromosome. There was also evidence for a third quantitative trait loci at the end of the chromosome for sire 2357.
ATIPS: Automatic Travel Itinerary Planning System for Domestic Areas (2015)

Leisure travel has become a topic of great interest to Taiwanese residents in recent years. Most residents expect to be able to relax on a vacation during the holidays; however, the complicated procedure of travel itinerary planning is often discouraging and leads them to abandon the idea of traveling. In this paper, we design an automatic travel itinerary planning system for the domestic area (ATIPS) using an algorithm to automatically plan a domestic travel itinerary based on user intentions that allows users to minimize the process of trip planning. Simply by entering the travel time, the departure point, and the destination location, the system can automatically generate a travel itinerary. According to the results of the experiments, 70% of users were satisfied with the result of our system, and 82% of users were satisfied with the automatic user preference learning mechanism of ATIPS. Our algorithm also provides a framework for substituting modules or weights and offers a new method for travel planning.
Mutations in <i>SLC45A2</i> Cause Plumage Color Variation in Chicken and Japanese Quail (2006)

S*S (Silver), S*N (wild type/gold), and S*AL (sex-linked imperfect albinism) form a series of alleles at the S (Silver) locus on chicken (Gallus gallus) chromosome Z. Similarly, sex-linked imperfect albinism (AL*A) is the bottom recessive allele at the orthologous AL locus in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica). The solute carrier family 45, member 2, protein (SLC45A2), previously denoted membrane-associated transporter protein (MATP), has an important role in vesicle sorting in the melanocytes. Here we report five SLC45A2 mutations. The 106delT mutation in the chicken S*AL allele results in a frameshift and a premature stop codon and the corresponding mRNA appears to be degraded by nonsense-mediated mRNA decay. A splice-site mutation in the Japanese quail AL*A allele causes in-frame skipping of exon 4. Two independent missense mutations (Tyr277Cys and Leu347Met) were associated with the Silver allele in chicken. The functional significance of the former mutation, associated only with Silver in White Leghorn, is unclear. Ala72Asp was associated with the cinnamon allele (AL*C) in the Japanese quail. The most interesting feature concerning the SLC45A2 variants documented in this study is the specific inhibition of expression of red pheomelanin in Silver chickens. This phenotypic effect cannot be explained on the basis of the current, incomplete, understanding of SLC45A2 function. It is an enigma why recessive null mutations at this locus cause an almost complete absence of both eumelanin and pheomelanin whereas some missense mutations are dominant and cause a specific inhibition of pheomelanin production.
Adiponectin: a manifold therapeutic target for metabolic syndrome, diabetes, and coronary disease? (2014)

Adiponectin is the most abundant peptide secreted by adipocytes, being a key component in the interrelationship between adiposity, insulin resistance and inflammation. Central obesity accompanied by insulin resistance is a key factor in the development of metabolic syndrome (MS) and future macrovascular complications. Moreover, the remarkable correlation between coronary artery disease (CAD) and alterations in glucose metabolism has raised the likelihood that atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may share a common biological background. We summarize here the current knowledge about the influence of adiponectin on insulin sensitivity and endothelial function, discussing its forthcoming prospects and potential role as a therapeutic target for MS, T2DM, and cardiovascular disease. Adiponectin is present in the circulation as a dimer, trimer or protein complex of high molecular weight hexamers, >400 kDa. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are its major receptors in vivo mediating the metabolic actions. Adiponectin stimulates phosphorylation and AMP (adenosin mono phosphate) kinase activation, exerting direct effects on vascular endothelium, diminishing the inflammatory response to mechanical injury and enhancing endothelium protection in cases of apolipoprotein E deficiency. Hypoadiponectinemia is consistently associated with obesity, MS, atherosclerosis, CAD, T2DM. Lifestyle correction helps to favorably modify plasma adiponectin levels. Low adiponectinemia in obese patients is raised via continued weight loss programs in both diabetic and nondiabetic individuals and is also accompanied by reductions in pro-inflammatory factors. Diet modifications, like intake of fish, omega-3 supplementation, adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern and coffee consumption also increase adiponectin levels. Antidiabetic and cardiovascular pharmacological agents, like glitazones, glimepiride, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers are also able to improve adiponectin concentration. Fibric acid derivatives, like bezafibrate and fenofibrate, have been reported to enhance adiponectin levels as well. T-cadherin, a membrane-associated adiponectin-binding protein lacking intracellular domain seems to be a main mediator of the antiatherogenic adiponectin actions. The finding of novel pharmacologic agents proficient to improve adiponectin plasma levels should be target of exhaustive research. Interesting future approaches could be the development of adiponectin-targeted drugs chemically designed to induce the activaton of its receptors and/or postreceptor signaling pathways, or the development of specific adiponectin agonists.
Diaphragm pacers as a treatment for congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (2005)

Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome is a rare syndrome present from birth, and is defined as the failure of automatic control of breathing. All patients with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome require life-long ventilatory support during sleep, although approximately a third of patients require ventilatory support 24 h per day. Diaphragm pacers offer a modality of ventilatory support that affords congenital central hypoventilation syndrome patients with maximal mobility for full-time ventilatory patients, and they may allow for a more normal lifestyle in the appropriate patient. They may permit tracheostomy decannulation in those requiring only support during sleep. Diaphragm pacing entails surgical placement of an electrode onto the phrenic nerve, connected to a subcutaneous receiver. There is an external battery-operated transmitter and antenna placed on the skin over the receiver. The transmitter emits energy, similar to radio transmission, which is converted into an electrical current by the receiver. This stimulates the phrenic nerve resulting in a diaphragmatic contraction. Settings on the transmitter include respiratory rate and electrical voltage, and are adjusted to give enough tidal volume to allow for adequate oxygenation and ventilation. Therefore, diaphragm pacing is an attractive alternative mode of mechanically assisted ventilation for many patients with congenital central hypoventilation syndrome.
A multiaccess network of information (2010)

The Network of Information (Netlnf), an information-centric approach to designing the Internet of the Future, aims at introducing the foundation concepts that allow users to create, distribute, and retrieve information using a common set of network infrastructure primitives without tying data to particular hosts. Netlnf is well suited for mobile communications and wireless content dissemination. One of the key aspects of Netlnf operation is its native capacity to take advantage of overlapping multiaccess environments and distributed in-network storage. This paper introduces Netlnf multiaccess operation taking cues from state-of-the-art peer-to-peer content distribution. In order to evaluate multiaccess operation in practice we consider the requirements and deployment environment for Netlnf, including a migration approach to adopting Netlnf concepts. We conduct measurements, specify the necessary signaling to enhance Bit Torrent operation over multiaccess, multi-domain networks and develop a prototype to explore the design space. The paper also introduces the Netlnf Notification Service. We present empirical results showing how multiaccess Netlnf can outperform current technologies.
A virtual phantom library for the quantification of deformable image registration uncertainties in patients with cancers of the head and neck (2013)

It is essential that DIR algorithms be evaluated using a range of possible clinical scenarios for each treatment site. This work introduces a library of virtual phantoms intended to resemble real cases for interfraction head and neck DIR that may be used to estimate and compare the uncertainty of any DIR algorithm.
A Framework for Tunable Anomaly Detection (2019)

As software architecture practice relies more and more on runtime data to inform decisions in continuous experimentation and self-adaptation, it is increasingly important to consider the quality of the data used as input to the different decision-making and prediction algorithms. One issue in data-driven decisions is that real-life data coming from running systems can contain invalid or wrong values which can bias the result of data analysis. Data-driven decision-making should therefore comprise detection and handling of data anomalies as an integral part of the process. However, currently, anomaly detection is either absent in runtime decision-making approaches for continuous experimentation and self-adaptation or difficult to tailor to domain-specific needs. In this paper, we contribute by proposing a framework that simplifies the detection of data anomalies in timeseries-outputs of running systems. The framework is generic, since it can be employed in different domains, and tunable, since it uses expert user input in tailoring anomaly detection to the needs and assumptions of each domain. We evaluate the feasibility of the framework by successfully applying it to detecting anomalies in a real-life timeseries dataset from the traffic domain.
Photoinduced second-harmonic generation in gamma-ray-irradiated optical fibers (1990)

The effect of gamma-ray irradiation on photoinduced second-harmonic generation in optical fibers is investigated for the first time to our knowledge. A significant increase (by a factor of 20) in the conversion efficiency of gamma-ray-irradiated optical fibers is found. An explanation of the experimental results is suggested, which is based on the photovoltaic mechanism of the photoinduced second-harmonic generation.
The Formation of Difluoromethylene from Difluoromethyl Phenyl Sulfone and Sodium Methoxide<sup>1</sup> (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Formation of Difluoromethylene from Difluoromethyl Phenyl Sulfone and Sodium Methoxide1Jack Hine and John J. PorterCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1960, 82, 23, 6178–6181Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01508a050https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01508a050research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views749Altmetric-Citations60LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
High-rate deposition of high-quality CdTe films for high-efficiency solar cells (2002)

CdTe/CdS heterojunction solar cells of 11% efficiency have been produced by close-spaced sublimation of highly oriented large-grain p-CdTe films at a deposition-rate of above 5 mu m/min in a nitrogen-ambient at a pressure of 10/sup -1/ mbar, using a very thin evaporated n-CdS film. Internal quantum efficiencies are close to 100% over a broad spectral range. A realistic potential of >15% is estimated for this cell.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>