gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhanced control of porous silicon morphology from macropore to mesopore formation (2005)

Abstract Porous silicon (PSi) is a versatile material that possesses a wide range of morphologies. There are two main types of microstructures that are widely used and well studied: branchy mesoporous silicon with pore sizes from 10 nm to 50 nm and classical macroporous silicon with pore sizes from 500 nm to 20 µm. Much less work has been done on structures with intermediate pore sizes from 100 nm to 300 nm. Applications such as immunoassays biosensing can greatly benefit from the intermediate morphology due to the larger pore openings compared to mesopores, and increased internal surface compared to classical macropores. In this work we demonstrate well‐defined macropore of 150 nm diameter in average and precise control of the porous silicon morphology transition from smooth macropores to branchy mesopores on one substrate with one electrolyte. A multilayer structure (microcavity) consisting of both mesopores and macropores is presented. (© 2005 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Comparison of quantitative structure-activity relationships of the inhibition of leukemia cells in culture with the inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase from leukemia cells and other cell types (1982)

A set of 2,4-diamino-5-(3-X-phenyl)-s-triazines was used to inhibit the growth of tumor cells (L5178 leukemia) in culture. The molar concentration (C) of triazine causing 50% reduction in the rate of cell growth was used to develop a quantitative structure-activity relationship: log 1/C = 1.32 pi - 1.70 log (beta.10 pi + 1) + 0.44I + 8.10, where pi is the hydrophobic constant for X, beta is a disposable parameter, and I is an indicator variable for congeners containing a -CH2Z-C6H4-Y moiety (Z = O or NH). This equation is compared with similar equations derived for the inhibition of dihydrofolate reductase from leukemia cells and bovine liver.
Perceiving the sex and race of faces: the role of shape and colour (1995)

Theories of object recognition have emphasized the information conveyed by shape information, whereas theories of face recognition have emphasized properties of superficial features. In the experiments reported here we used novel technology to investigate the relative contributions of shape and superficial colour information to simple categorization decisions about the sex and 'race' of faces. The results show that both shape and colour provide useful information for these decisions; shape information was particularly useful for race decisions while colour dominated sex decisions. When both sources of information were combined, the dominant source depended on viewpoint, with angled views emphasizing the contribution of shape and the full-face view colour. The results are discussed within the context of theories of face recognition and their implications for telecommunication applications are considered.
Multidimensional mount effectiveness for vibration isolation (1994)

A method is presented for predicting the performance of multiple mount passive isolation systems. Performance is expressed in terms of a mount effectiveness matrix which relates the structure vibration in an isolated system to the structure vibration in an unisolated, or hard mounted system. Frequency response functions of the engine, isolator, and structure are used to construct the effectiveness matrix at each frequency of interest. Effectiveness matrix expresions are derived for a mounting system connected at multiple points by massless isolators. Isolator design guidelines are developed for the single and multiple isolator mounting systems
Properties of nitrogen-implanted <i>p</i>-type ZnO films grown on Si3N4/Si by radio-frequency magnetron sputtering (2004)

An nitrogen-implanted p-type ZnO film has been grown on a Si substrate buffered with Si3N4 using radio-frequency magnetron sputtering. The Si3N4 buffer layer can effectively improve film stoichiometry and reduce the formation of oxygen vacancies compared to ZnO on Si. The electrical properties of the p-type ZnO films implanted with 5×1012–1×1014 cm−2 N+ dose show a hole concentration of 5.0×1016–7.3×1017 cm−3, hole mobility of 2.51–6.02 cm2/V s, and resistivity of 10.11–15.3 Ω cm. The p-type ZnO films also showed an excellent crystallinity and a strong ultraviolet emission peak near 3.30 eV at room temperature. Moreover, as evidenced by extended x-ray absorption fine structure analysis, the local structure of the p-type ZnO films was changed due to the substitution of nitrogen ions for oxygen ions in p-type ZnO films. Our finding of p-type ZnO films grown on a Si3N4/Si substrate could provide a simple method to fabricate reproducible p-type ZnO films on silicon substrate for the development of large-scale optoelectronic integration device.
Efficacy of an Inactivated and a Fowlpox-Vectored Vaccine in Muscovy Ducks Against an Asian H5N1 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Viral Challenge (2007)

The efficacy of an inactivated vaccine containing the Eurasian isolate A/chicken/Italy/22A/98 H5N9 (H5N9-It) was compared with that of the fowlpox-vectored TROVACTM-AIV H5 (rFP-AIV-H5) vaccine against an H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza challenge. Five-week-old Muscovy ducks were vaccinated with either H5N9-It (0.5 ml) or rFP-AIV-H5 (5 log10 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50)/dose), followed by a boost at 7 wk of age with the same vaccine (1.0 ml of H5N9-It or 5 log10 TCID50/dose rFP-AIV-H5), and a challenge at 9 wk of age with 10(7) egg infectious dose (lethality 50%) of A/crested eagle/ Belgium/01/2004 (H5N1). All unvaccinated challenged birds showed severe nervous signs (loss of balance, torticollis) starting 7 days postinfection (dpi). None of the vaccinated ducks showed these nervous signs. Shedding was measured in oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs, sampled from 3 to 19 dpi by titration in chicken embryo fibroblasts and by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Virus shedding was significantly higher in oropharyngeal compared to cloacal swabs. Both vaccines reduced the percentage of positive swabs and the viral load in the swabs, but the reduction was higher with the H5N9-It vaccine. The inactivated vaccine induced hemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers (5.4 log2) that were boosted after the second administration (7.5 log2). rFP-AIV-H5-induced HI titers were lower (3 log2 only after the second administration), most probably because the fowlpox vector does not replicate in ducks. Altogether, these results indicate that significant protection from clinical signs and reduction in virus shedding may be achieved in ducks with conventional inactivated or fowlpox-vectored vaccine as compared with nonvaccinated challenged control birds.
Real time bid optimization with smooth budget delivery in online advertising (2013)

Today, billions of display ad impressions are purchased on a daily basis through a public auction hosted by real time bidding (RTB) exchanges. A decision has to be made for advertisers to submit a bid for each selected RTB ad request in milliseconds. Restricted by the budget, the goal is to buy a set of ad impressions to reach as many targeted users as possible. A desired action (conversion), advertiser specific, includes purchasing a product, filling out a form, signing up for emails, etc. In addition, advertisers typically prefer to spend their budget smoothly over the time in order to reach a wider range of audience accessible throughout a day and have a sustainable impact. However, since the conversions occur rarely and the occurrence feedback is normally delayed, it is very challenging to achieve both budget and performance goals at the same time. In this paper, we present an online approach to the smooth budget delivery while optimizing for the conversion performance. Our algorithm tries to select high quality impressions and adjust the bid price based on the prior performance distribution in an adaptive manner by distributing the budget optimally across time. Our experimental results from real advertising campaigns demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Optimization of batch processes involving simultaneous enzymatic and microbial reactions (1991)

Two general models for batch simultaneous enzymatic and microbial reaction (SEMR) processes are presented, the second derived from and simpler than the first and accounting for enzyme denaturation. Using the second model and parameter values from the literature, simulation was used to examine a range of enzyme addition rate strategies (in which the rate was a linear function of time) for a relatively fast ethanol fermentation and for a longer duration citric acid fermentation, both using cellulose as the substrate. For the ethanol process it is optimal (for a specific objective function which accounts for product value and enzyme cost) to add all the enzyme at the beginning of the process. But for the citric acid process a linearly decreasing enzyme addition rate, coupled with the addition of a small fraction of the enzyme at time zero, is better than pure batch operation or operation with the best constant enzyme feed rate.
Inclusion volume solid‐phase synthesis (1996)

Solid-phase synthesis of peptides was carried out using only the volume of the solvent included in the swollen solid-phase resin heads (inclusion volume synthesis). This approach enables (i) the use of higher concentrations of activated amino acids, resulting in increased coupling rates, (ii) drastically decreased consumption of solvents, and (iii) the construction of multiple peptide synthesizers having virtually no reaction vessels.
Silicon temperature measurement by infrared absorption. Fundamental processes and doping effects (1992)

The fundamental absorption mechanisms in silicon at 1.30 and 1.55 mu m have been investigated in the temperature range of 500-800 degrees C. For lightly doped wafers in this temperature range, the absorption at 1.55 mu m is by free carriers. and that at 1.30 mu m is predominantly by bandgap absorption. The effect of heavy substrate doping on infrared absorption at an elevated temperature has also been studied, and it was found that doping has little effect below levels of 7*10/sup 17/ cm/sup -3/. Above that level, the temperature dependence of free carrier absorption strongly affects the transmission as a function of temperature. The knowledge of the fundamental absorption processes is then used to predict the ultimate temperature ranges over which the technique will be useful.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Cloud computing synopsis and recommendations (2012)

The Information Technology Laboratory (ITL) at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) promotes the U.S. economy and public welfare by providing technical leadership for the nation's measurement and standards infrastructure. ITL develops tests, test methods, reference data, proof of concept implementations, and technical analysis to advance the development and productive use of information technology. ITL's responsibilities include the development of management, administrative, technical, and physical standards and guidelines for the cost-effective security and privacy of other than national security-related information in Federal information systems. This Special Publication 800-series reports on ITL's research, guidance, and outreach efforts in computer security and its collaborative activities with industry, government, and academic organizations.
Diamantane. I. Preparation of diamantane. Physical and spectral properties (1974)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDiamantane. I. Preparation of diamantane. Physical and spectral propertiesTamara M. Gund, Eiji Osawa, Van Zandt Williams Jr., and Paul V. R. SchleyerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1974, 39, 20, 2979–2987Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1974Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1974https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00934a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00934a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views586Altmetric-Citations45LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Efficacy and safety of oral sodium phosphate versus polyethylene glycol solution for bowel preparation for colonoscopy. (2003)

Oral sodium phosphate is well tolerated, is safe and provides bowel cleansing similar to that with a polyethylene glycol solution.
Phase-retrieval stagnation problems and solutions (1986)

The iterative Fourier-transform algorithm has been demonstrated to be a practical method for reconstructing an object from the modulus of its Fourier transform (i.e., solving the problem of recovering phase from a single intensity measurement). In some circumstances the algorithm may stagnate. New methods are described that allow the algorithm to overcome three different modes of stagnation: those characterized by (1) twin images, (2) stripes, and (3) truncation of the image by the support constraint. Curious properties of Fourier transforms of images are also described: the zero reversal for the striped images and the relationship between the zero lines of the real and imaginary parts of the Fourier transform. A detailed description of the reconstruction method is given to aid those employing the iterative transform algorithm.
Prevention of bone loss by oil extract of garlic (<i>Allium sativum</i> Linn.) in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis (2004)

The effects of oil extract of garlic (Allium sativum Linn.) on different primary and secondary osteoporotic marker changes were tested in an ovariectomized rat model of osteoporosis. Experiments were performed on three different rat models: sham-operated control, ovariectomized and ovariectomized supplemented with garlic oil. In ovariectomized group, there has been a significant increase in different relative organ weights compared to sham-operated control, while the uterine weight was found to be decreased. Supplementation with oil extract of garlic could effectively reverse these changes. Also low bone densities that developed in the ovariectomized group were significantly recovered in the garlic oil supplemented group. In our study, the development of high rate of bone turnover and osteoporosis in the ovariectomized animals were confirmed by significant alteration of serum alkaline phosphatase activity, serum tartrate resistant acid phosphatase activity, urinary excretion of calcium, phosphate, hydroxyproline and urinary calcium to creatinine ratio, when compared with the sham-operated control group. Garlic oil extract supplementation, apart from its unique influence in lowering blood cholesterol, could also prevent ovariectomy-induced rise in all the above-mentioned marker changes. The results of this study emphasize that oil extract of garlic possibly has a positive role in suppressing ovariectomy-induced bone resorption.
Learning from oral history (1986)

Oral history, children and schools can be a very compatible and successful combination. Over a period of several years I have tried to use oral history at all levels of my secondary school teaching at Kilmaire College, Hawthorn. This article explains some of the ways in which I have encouraged students to use oral history in the classroom, and points out some of the problems and difficulties I have encountered in carrying out those activities. It is an account of only one person's experiences and approaches in a field where many teachers are pursuing exciting and innovative oral history programmes.
Reaction of Paraffin Hydrocarbons with Phosphorus Trichloride and Oxygen to Produce Alkanephosphonyl Chlorides (1948)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Paraffin Hydrocarbons with Phosphorus Trichloride and Oxygen to Produce Alkanephosphonyl ChloridesJ. O. Clayton and W. L. JensenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1948, 70, 11, 3880–3882Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1948Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1948https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01191a103https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01191a103research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views223Altmetric-Citations46LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Palladium-Rhodium Alloy Membrane Fabricated Using Electroless Plating Technique and Its Hydrogen Permeance (2007)

The mechanical strength of a Pd-based membrane inevitably lowers with its decreasing thickness for promoting the H2 permeance, resulting in the defect generation and rupture of the membranes. The purpose of this report is to improve the mechanical strength of a Pd composite membrane, which consists of a thin Pd film supported on a porous substrate, by alloying the film with Rh. A Pd-Rh miscible alloy membrane was fabricated by the deposition of Rh/Pd double layer on the porous substrate using an electroless-plating technique followed by heat treatment at 973 K. The resulting Pd-Rh alloy composite membrane gave a higher H2 permeation coefficient as well as higher tensile strength than a pure Pd composite membrane fabricated in the same manner.
EVIDENCE FOR THE INCLUSION OF CONTROLLING ELEMENTS WITHIN THE STRUCTURAL GENE AT THE WAXY LOCUS IN MAIZE (1981)

Minimal limits for the structural gene at the waxy locus have been set by investigations of the protein product of the gene. An altered protein is produced by four of the waxy mutants including B3, a controlling-element mutation. All are similar to wild type in molecular weight as determined by electrophoresis in SDS acrylamide gels. At least three of the five wx controlling-element mutations studied have been shown to lie within the limits of the structural gene.
Electron Microscope Observation of Etched Tracks from Spallation Recoils in Mica (1962)

Received 12 February 1962DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.8.217©1962 American Physical Society
Oxidation of Low Sulfur Single Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloys (1992)

The influence of hafnium, yttrium and sulfur concentration on the oxidation resistance of single crystal, nickel base superalloys are compared at 1100°C in air. Both hafnium and yttrium improve oxidation resistance but the effects of yttrium are substantially greater than hafnium. Treatments to remove sulfur very significantly improve the oxidation resistance of superalloys. The effects of sulfur and oxygen active elements on superalloy oxidation resistance are examined.
Heterogeneous Seeded Growth:  A Potentially General Synthesis of Monodisperse Metallic Nanoparticles (2001)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTHeterogeneous Seeded Growth: A Potentially General Synthesis of Monodisperse Metallic NanoparticlesHeng Yu, Patrick C. Gibbons, K. F. Kelton, and William E. BuhroView Author Information Departments of Chemistry and Physics Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri 63130-4899 Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 37, 9198–9199Publication Date (Web):August 22, 2001Publication History Received30 June 2001Revised7 August 2001Published online22 August 2001Published inissue 1 September 2001https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja016529thttps://doi.org/10.1021/ja016529trapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2001 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views4184Altmetric-Citations189LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Crystallization,Gold,Metal nanoparticles,Nanoparticles,Nucleation Get e-Alerts
Securing password recovery through dispersion (2012)

Passwords form the Achilles heel of most uses of modern cryptography. Key recovery is necessary to provide continuous access to documents and other electronic assets in spite of possible loss of a password. Key escrow services provide key recovery for the owner, but need to be trusted. Additionally, a user might want to divulge passwords in case of his/her death or incapacitation, but not before. We present here a scheme that uses dispersion to provide trusted escrow services. Our scheme uses secret sharing to disperse password recovery information over several escrow services that authenticate based on a weak password. To protect against dictionary attacks, each authentication attempt takes a noticeable, but tolerable time (e.g. minutes). We achieve this by having the share of the secret be the solution of a puzzle that is solved by brute force in time depending on the number of processors employed. This additionally prevents escrow agencies from optimizing their part in recovering a password by pre-computing and storing their share in a more accessible and hence vulnerable format.