gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emerging Roles of Long Non-coding RNAs in Chronic Neuropathic Pain (2019)

Chronic neuropathic pain, a type of chronic and potentially disabling pain caused by a disease or injury of the somatosensory nervous system, spinal cord injury, or various chronic conditions, such as viral infections (e.g., post-herpetic neuralgia), autoimmune diseases, cancers, and metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes mellitus), is one of the most intense types of chronic pain, which incurs a major socio-economic burden and is a serious public health issue, with an estimated prevalence of 7-10% in adults throughout the world. Presently, the available drug treatments (e.g., anticonvulsants acting at calcium channels, serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants, opioids, topical lidocaine, etc.) for chronic neuropathic pain patients are still rare and have disappointing efficacy, which makes it difficult to relieve the patients' painful symptoms, and, at best, they only try to reduce the patients' ability to tolerate pain. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), a type of transcript of more than 200 nucleotides with no protein-coding or limited capacity, were identified to be abnormally expressed in the spinal cord, dorsal root ganglion, hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex under chronic neuropathic pain conditions. Moreover, a rapidly growing body of data has clearly pointed out that nearly 40% of lncRNAs exist specifically in the nervous system. Hence, it was speculated that these dysregulated lncRNAs might participate in the occurrence, development, and progression of chronic neuropathic pain. In other words, if we deeply delve into the potential roles of lncRNAs in the pathogenesis of chronic neuropathic pain, this may open up new strategies and directions for the development of novel targeted drugs to cure this refractory disorder. In this article, we primarily review the status of chronic neuropathic pain and provide a general overview of lncRNAs, the detailed roles of lncRNAs in the nervous system and its related diseases, and the abnormal expression of lncRNAs and their potential clinical applications in chronic neuropathic pain. We hope that through the above description, readers can gain a better understanding of the emerging roles of lncRNAs in chronic neuropathic pain.
New human machine interface devices using a piezoelectric poly(L-lactic acid) film (2013)

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) is a well-known, environmentally-friendly polymer. Piezoelectric poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA), a type of chiral polymer, exhibits a high shear piezoelectric constant, is highly transparent, and is not pyroelectric. New human machine interface devices with intuitive control can be fabricated using piezoelectric PLLA as a deformation sensor. Specifically, for projected capacitive touch panels widely used in smartphone technology, the PLLA film as a pressure sensor with multiple electrodes allows pressure-sensitive functions to be added to the touch panel display.
Insulin resistance in spontaneously hypertensive rats but not in deoxycorticosterone-salt or renal vascular hypertension (1992)

Evidence of insulin resistance in spontaneous, but not secondary, rat hypertension indicates that the resistance is a primary rather than a secondary event in hypertension.
Same-Day Detection of<i>Escherichia coli</i>O157:H7 from Spinach by Using Electrochemiluminescent and Cytometric Bead Array Biosensors (2010)

Contamination of fresh produce with Escherichia coli O157:H7 and other pathogens commonly causes food-borne illness and disease outbreaks. Thus, screening for pathogens is warranted, but improved testing procedures are needed to allow reproducible same-day detection of low initial contamination levels on perishable foods, and methods for detecting numerous pathogens in a single test are desired. Experimental procedures were developed to enable rapid screening of spinach for E. coli O157:H7 by using multiplex-capable immunological assays that are analyzed using biosensors. Detection was achieved using an automated electrochemiluminescent (ECL) assay system and a fluorescence-based cytometric bead array. Using the ECL system, less than 0.1 CFU of E. coli O157:H7 per gram of spinach was detected after 5 h of enrichment, corresponding to 6.5 h of total assay time. Using the cytometric bead array, less than 0.1 CFU/g was detected after 7 h of enrichment, with a total time to detection of less than 10 h. These results illustrate that both biosensor assays are useful for rapid detection of E. coli O157:H7 on produce in time frames that are comparable to or better than those of other testing formats. Both methods may be useful for multiplexed pathogen detection in the food industry and other testing situations.
Coherent scattering of cosmic neutrinos (1974)

It is shown that cosmic neutrino scattering can be non-negligible when coherence effects previously neglected are taken into account. The coherent neutrino scattering cross section is derived and the neutrino index of refraction evaluated. As an example of coherent neutrino scattering, a detector using critical reflection is described which in principle can detect the low energy cosmic neutrino background allowed by the measured cosmological red shift.
Testing of the CuO/Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Catalyst−Sorbent in Extended Operation for the Simultaneous Removal of NO<i><sub>x</sub></i> and SO<sub>2</sub> from Flue Gases (2000)

A series of CuO/Al2O3 catalyst−sorbents have been subjected to a large number of reaction−regeneration cycles and their physical and chemical properties compared before and after operation. The reaction phase of the cycle involved exposing the catalyst−sorbents to a mixture of SO2, NO, NH3, O2, and steam at 350 °C, during which time NO conversion was always greater than 90% and the SO2 was converted into CuSO4. The regeneration phase involved reduction of CuSO4 to copper metal by CH4 at 500 °C, followed by oxidation in air at 450 °C. In some tests the reaction or regeneration conditions were made more severe in an attempt to accelerate deactivation. The SO2 sorption capacity of one sample, which had been subjected to 1525 cycles, was reduced by about 25%, but generally there was no significant change in reactivity. Small changes in physicochemical properties are interpreted in terms of redispersion of the supported copper phase.
Heterogeneity of Skin Surface Oxygen Level of Wrist in Relation to Acupuncture Point (2012)

The distribution of partial oxygen pressure (pO(2)) is analyzed for the anterior aspect of the left wrist with an amperometric oxygen microsensor composed of a small planar Pt disk-sensing area (diameter = 25 μm). The pO(2) levels vary depending on the measurement location over the wrist skin, and they are systematically monitored in the analysis for both one-dimensional single line (along the wrist transverse crease) and two-dimensional square area of the wrist region. Relatively higher pO(2) values are observed at certain area in close proximity to the position of acupuncture points with statistical significance, indicating strong relationship between oxygen and acupuncture point. The used oxygen microsensor is sensitive enough to detect the pO(2) variation depending on the location. This study may provide information helpful to understand possible physiological roles of the acupuncture points.
Influence of Fe–F-co-doping on the dielectric properties of Ba<sub>0.6</sub>Sr<sub>0.4</sub>TiO<sub>3</sub> thick-films (2008)

Abstract The influence of Fe acceptor and Fe – F acceptor – donor co-doping on the dielectric response of screen-printed Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 thick-films on alumina substrates has been investigated. The Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 powders were synthesized by freeze-drying of sols. Permittivity, dielectric loss, and tunability were investigated at kHz frequencies with a planar metal-insulator-metal capacitor structure, and at GHz frequencies up to 40 GHz using coplanar waveguide structures. Pure acceptor doping by Fe was found to have a distinct influence on permittivity and dielectric loss-factor at kHz-frequencies and at GHz frequencies due to an internal bias field and pairs of associated defects. Co-doping with F significantly suppresses the influence of the internal bias field and defect-associates at low and microwave frequencies. The commutation quality factor at 10 GHz and E eff = 5.8 V μm -1 was increased by co-doping the thick-films with Fe and F. Such doped Ba 0.6 Sr 0.4 TiO 3 films show a high potential for tunable microwave applications.
Incomplete object---a data model for design and planning applications (1991)

We are motivated by applications within design, planning and scheduling areas, where current research appears to be focused on syntactic issues of performance and volume. We take a more semantic view of applications within these areas and discover several useful functionalities that
A Reservation Protocol for Satellite Packet Communication--A Performance Analysis and Stability Considerations (1984)

The dynamic behavior of a reservation system with a slotted ALOHA reservation channel is analyzed in this paper. It is assumed that each user handles one message at a time and that each message consists of a group of packets with a general probability distribution for group size. An approximate Markovian model of the system is developed on the assumption that the state transition can occur only at the beginning of each frame. The model is analyzed by an approximate analytical technique called equilibrium point analysis. The throughput and average message delay characteristics are obtained, and the system stability behavior is demonstrated. A procedure is also given to get the optimum set of system parameters under constraint that the system is stable.
Identification and characterization of human FCHSD1 and FCHSD2 genes in silico (2004)

FNBP1 and FNBP2 are SH3-type Formin-binding proteins. FNBP1 consists of FCH, FBH, HR1 and SH3 domains, while FNBP2 consists of FCH, FBH, RhoGAP and SH3 domains. Here, we identified novel genes FCHSD1 and FCHSD2, which were distantly related to FNBP1 and FNBP2. FCHSD1 and FCHSD2 genes with conserved exon-intron structure were located at human chromosome 5q31.3 and 11q13.4, respectively. Complete coding sequence of human FCHSD1 was derived from FLJ00007 (NM_033449.1) cDNA. KIAA0769 (NM_014824.1), encoding N-terminally truncated 684-aa protein, was an aberrant human FCHSD2 cDNA with a frame shift due to skipping of 98-bp exon 2. Complete coding sequence of human FCHSD2 cDNA was determined by assembling CF995054 EST and KIAA0769 cDNA. A030002D08Rik (NM_175684.3) was the representative mouse Fchsd1 cDNA, while BC034086 (NM_199012.1) was a variant mouse Fchsd2 cDNA with an insertion of 72-bp additional exon. CG4684 was the Drosophila homolog of mammalian FCHSD family genes. Human FCHSD1 (690 aa) showed 41.7% total-amino-acid identity with human FCHSD2 (740 aa), and 91.0% total-amino-acid identity with mouse Fchsd1. Human FCHSD2 showed 96.5% total-amino-acid identity with mouse Fchsd2. Mammalian FCHSD family proteins shared the common domain structure consisting of FCH, FBH, two SH3 and C-terminal Proline-rich domains. FCHSD family proteins (FCHSD1 and FCHSD2), FNBP1 family proteins (FNBP1, FNBP1L and TRIP10/CIP4) and FNBP2 family proteins (FNBP2, ARHGAP13/SRGAP1, ARHGAP14/SRGAP2 and ARHGAP4) were found constituting the FCFBS superfamily characterized by FCH, FBH and SH3 domains. This is the first report on identification and characterization of the FCHSD family genes.
Characterization of ultrashort electromagnetic pulses (2009)

Ultrafast optics has undergone a revolution in the past two decades, driven by new
methods of pulse generation, amplification, manipulation, and measurement. We review
the advances made in the latter field over this period, indicating the general
principles involved, how these have been implemented in various experimental
approaches, and how the most popular methods encode the temporal electric field of a
short optical pulse in the measured signal and extract the field from the data.
Lipocortin 1 mediates dexamethasone-induced growth arrest of the A459 lung adenocarcinoma cell line (1992)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
Pt Monolayer Shell on Nitrided Alloy Core—A Path to Highly Stable Oxygen Reduction Catalyst (2015)

The inadequate activity and stability of Pt as a cathode catalyst under the severe operation conditions are the critical problems facing the application of the proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Here we report on a novel route to synthesize highly active and stable oxygen reduction catalysts by depositing Pt monolayer on a nitrided alloy core. The prepared PtMLPdNiN/C catalyst retains 89% of the initial electrochemical surface area after 50,000 cycles between potentials 0.6 and 1.0 V. By correlating electron energy-loss spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy analyses with electrochemical measurements, we found that the significant improvement of stability of the PtMLPdNiN/C catalyst is caused by nitrogen doping while reducing the total precious metal loading.
Use of hardware Z-buffered rasterization to accelerate ray tracing (2007)

Ray tracing is a rendering technique for producing realistic 3D computer graphics. Compared to traditional scan-line rendering which is generally adopted by graphics pipeline, ray tracing can simulate more realistic global illumination, however, with the cost of expensive computation. In this paper, we implement a ray tracer that combines advantages of both rendering schemes: efficiency of scan-line rendering and reality of ray tracing. We first use hardware-accelerated rasterization with Z-buffer to quickly determine the first ray-triangle hit of eye rays on the GPU. Secondary rays such as reflective and shadow rays are then traced to generate global illumination on the CPU with a bounding volume hierarchy (BVH) which plays the role of our acceleration structure. The experiments show that rasterization is much more efficient in finding the first hit and can completely replace the traditional ray casting procedure.
Hypothalamic expression of snoRNA<i>Snord116</i>is consistent with a link to the hyperphagia and obesity symptoms of Prader–Willi syndrome (2012)

The hypothalamus is integral to the regulation of body homeostasis, including food intake, energy balance, and blood pressure. Dysfunction of the hypothalamus has been associated with a broad range of disorders; many of which are sex-dependent in prevalence. Small nucleolar (sno) RNAs are a group of small RNAs located in nucleoli that modulate chemical modifications and maturation of ribosomal or other RNAs. Recent data suggest that snoRNA Snord116 is important for the pathogenesis of Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) characterized by hyperphagia and obesity. The current study was conducted to assess a potential cellular link between Snord116 and phenotypes of PWS. Data from mice revealed Snord116 expression in the medial hypothalamus, particularly within nuclei that are part of feeding circuitry. High expression of Snord116 was evident in the paraventricular (PVN) and ventromedial (VMH) nuclei, but particularly prevalent in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) according to in situ hybridization. Snord116 expression level in ventral hypothalamic dissections including ARC was significantly greater (by 2-fold) than that in cortex; and its expression level in dorsal hypothalamic dissections including PVN was double that in cortex. The enhanced expression pattern of Snord116 in hypothalamic nuclei was observed at weaning and young adult stages, but less obvious neonatally when expression was significantly more widespread. Therefore the expression of Snord116 likely is regulated developmentally. These results provide a new lead for understanding the mechanism(s) related to hyperphagia and obesity symptoms in PWS patients.
Dual Role of WISP1 in maintaining glioma stem cells and tumor-supportive macrophages in glioblastoma (2020)

The interplay between glioma stem cells (GSCs) and the tumor microenvironment plays crucial roles in promoting malignant growth of glioblastoma (GBM), the most lethal brain tumor. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying this crosstalk are incompletely understood. Here, we show that GSCs secrete the Wnt-induced signaling protein 1 (WISP1) to facilitate a pro-tumor microenvironment by promoting the survival of both GSCs and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). WISP1 is preferentially expressed and secreted by GSCs. Silencing WISP1 markedly disrupts GSC maintenance, reduces tumor-supportive TAMs (M2), and potently inhibits GBM growth. WISP1 signals through Integrin α6β1-Akt to maintain GSCs by an autocrine mechanism and M2 TAMs through a paracrine manner. Importantly, inhibition of Wnt/β-catenin-WISP1 signaling by carnosic acid (CA) suppresses GBM tumor growth. Collectively, these data demonstrate that WISP1 plays critical roles in maintaining GSCs and tumor-supportive TAMs in GBM, indicating that targeting Wnt/β-catenin-WISP1 signaling may effectively improve GBM treatment and the patient survival.
Antifungal Activity of Chitosan on Two Postharvest Pathogens of Strawberry Fruits (1992)

Effect of chitosan coating on decay of strawberry fruits held at 13 C was investigated. Strawberry fruits were inoculated with spore suspensions of Botrytis cinerea or Rhizopus stolonifer and subsequently coated with chitosan solutions (10 or 15 mg/ml). After 14 days of storage, decay caused by B. cinerea or R. stolonifer was markedly reduced by chitosan coating. Decay was not reduced further when the concentration of chitosan coating was increased from 10 to 15 mg/ml. Coating intact strawberries with chitosan did not stimulate chitinase, chitosanase, or β-1,3-blucanase activities in the tissue as revealed by polyacrylamide gel assays (...)
Reduction of Nitric Oxide by Ammonia over Silica Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts (III) (1979)

A series of catalysts f or reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia were prepared by supporting vanadium oxide on silica and modified by several metal oxides. A highly active catalyst was consisted of vanadium oxide-titanium oxide-silica prepared by the f ollowing procedure, Titanic sulfate sol.↓Silica gel (Davison ID) → Impregnation → EvaporationAmmonia water ↓→ Neutralization→Washing→Drying (120°C, 24 hr)Vanadyl oxalate sol.↓→Impregnation→Drying (120°C, 24 hr) →Calcination (350°C, 3 hr, in air)In the neutralization, titanic sulfate changed to titanium hydroxide in the pore of silica. Under a set of reaction conditions, percent NO removal over this catalyst increased by the rise in reaction temperature, 80.0% (180°C), 94.7% (200°C), 100% (250°C), 100% (300°C), 100% (350°C), Although the content of V2O5 was as low as 5% by weight, the activity of the catalyst was markedly high in comparison with that of vanadium oxide-silica catalyst. Calcination temperature of the catalyst had little effect on the activity. It was suggested that titanium oxide precoated on silica reduced substantially the adverse effect of the silica surface.
MICROEMULSIONS OF POLYHALOGENATED TRIGLYCERIDES FOR LIVER-SPECIFIC CT- AND MR IMAGING (1990)

Longino, M. A. Ph.D; Weichert, J. P. Ph.D.; Spigarelli, M. G. B.S.; Counsell, R. E. Ph.D. Author Information
Cracking-Resistant Password Vaults using Natural Language Encoders. (2015)

Password vaults are increasingly popular applications that store multiple passwords encrypted under a single master password that the user memorizes. A password vault can greatly reduce the burden on a user of remembering passwords, but introduces a single point of failure. An attacker that obtains a user’s encrypted vault can mount offline bruteforce attacks and, if successful, compromise all of the passwords in the vault. In this paper, we investigate the construction of encrypted vaults that resist such offline cracking attacks and force attackers instead to mount online attacks. Our contributions are as follows. We present an attack and supporting analysis showing that a previous design for cracking-resistant vaults—the only one of which we are aware—actually degrades security relative to conventional password-based approaches. We then introduce a new type of secure encoding scheme that we call a natural language encoder (NLE). An NLE permits the construction of vaults which, when decrypted with the wrong master password, produce plausiblelooking decoy passwords. We show how to build NLEs using existing tools from natural language processing, such as n-gram models and probabilistic context-free grammars, and evaluate their ability to generate plausible decoys. Finally, we present, implement, and evaluate a full, NLE-based cracking-resistant vault system called NoCrack.
Binocular Hand Tracking and Reconstruction Based on 2D Shape Matching (2006)

This paper presents a method for real-time 3D hand tracking in images acquired by a calibrated, possibly moving stereoscopic rig. The proposed method consists of a collection of techniques that enable the modeling and detection of hands, their temporal association in image sequences, the establishment of hand correspondences between stereo images and the 3D reconstruction of their contours. Building upon our previous research on color-based, 2D skin-color tracking, the 3D hand tracker is developed through the coupling of the results of two 2D skin-color trackers that run independently on the two video streams acquired by a stereoscopic system. The proposed method runs in real time on a conventional Pentium 4 processor when operating on 320times240 images. Representative experimental results are also presented
Impact of chloride on nitrate absorption and accumulation by broccoli (<i>Brassica oleracea</i> var. <i>italica</i>) (1996)

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that continuous chloride treatment decreases nitrate absorption and accumulation by broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica) plants. In a field experiment, both fresh and dry weights of shoot and inflorescence increased linearly with increasing nitrogen applied (70–130 kg ha −1 ). Chloride application (0–450 kg ha −1 ) did not significantly affect the final yield. In a greenhouse experiment in which the plants were grown in soilless culture and supplied with 10–18 mmol L −1 nitrate, only the fresh weights of shoot and inflorescence decreased linearly with increasing chloride application (0–45 mmol L −1 ). In both experiments, increasing chloride application slightly decreased the concentrations of nitrate nitrogen and total nitrogen in xylem sap, and increased the chloride concentrations of both xylem sap and phloem exudate and the total-nitrogen concentration of phloem exudate. The shoot-nitrate contents increased with increasing nitrogen application and decreased with increasing chloride application, whereas the shoot-chloride contents increased with increasing chloride application and decreased with increasing nitrate application. The total-nitrogen contents of the shoot were not affected by chloride application. These data are interpreted to suggest that nitrate absorption was not inhibited by the presence of chloride in the growing medium and that the decrease in nitrate accumulation of the shoot resulted from the stimulation of organic-nitrogen formation from absorbed nitrate. Key words: Antagonism, broccoli, chloride, interaction, nitrate