gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanical behaviour of asphalt mixtures to be used in infrastructures (2012)

Most transport infrastructures, including road and airport pavements, include bituminous mixtures which allow a 3 good performance and an adequate durability under ordinary service conditions. 4 Due to the need to improve the performance of railways, allowing a more durable high-speed lines and a 5 maintenance cost reduction, several studies to promote the use of new materials, mainly through the incorporation of 6 bituminous mixtures as sub-ballast layer have been developed, instead of the classical section, which only includes 7 granular setting beds. 8 The present work aims to characterize the mechanical behaviour of bituminous mixtures in order to be applied in 9 railway infrastructures. 10 As a methodology to study the mechanical behaviour of the bituminous mixtures, laboratory repeated loading tests 11 were performed, namely four-point bending tests (4PBT) to determine stiffness and fatigue behaviour, and cyclic 12 triaxial compression tests to evaluate the permanent deformation behaviour. 13 The fatigue behaviour of the studied bituminous mixtures was evaluated by the 4PBT, with controlled strain and the 14 application of a sinusoidal loading with different frequencies, according to the European Standard EN 12697-24. 15 The permanent deformation behaviour of the bituminous mixtures was analyzed with the cyclic triaxial compression 16 test, by subjecting the samples to a static confinement stress through the application of vacuum and applying a 17 rectangular cyclic axial pressure stress, according to the European Standard EN 12697 -25. 18 For this study several samples were cored from a physical model built at LNEC’s test pit, built in order to test 19 different unconventional railway substructures, namely using bituminous mixtures as sub-ballast layer. 20 The results obtained showed that the bituminous mixture AC20 base 50/70 (MB) applied in the sub-ballast layer is 21 suitable for application in transport infrastructure because it presents an adequate performance to fatigue and permanent 22 deformation. Through the tests carried out it was also possible to understand the importance of volumetric 23 characteristics, especially the bulk density to a good behaviour of bituminous mixture.
CD28 affects the earliest signaling events generated by TCR engagement (1998)

The efficiency and magnitude of T cell responses are influenced by ligation of the co-stimulatory receptor CD28 by B7 molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells (APC). In contrast to most previous studies in which agonistic anti-TCR/CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies were employed, here we have investigated the contribution of CD28 to T cell activation under physiological conditions of antigen presentation. Jurkat T cells and primary T cells from TCR-transgenic mice stimulated with superantigen and antigen, respectively, presented by B7-expressing APC were utilized. In both systems we show that inhibiting CD28/B7 interaction resulted in impaired TCR-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of the signal-transducing zeta chain and ZAP-70. Consistent with a blockade of TCR-proximal signaling events, Jurkat cells stimulated in the absence of CD28 ligation were found to have strongly diminished tyrosine phosphorylation of cellular substrates and downstream signaling pathways such as Ca2+/calcineurin, ERK/MAPK and JNK. Our results provide evidence for a role of CD28 in enhancing TCR signaling capacity during the earliest stages of T cell:APC interaction.
Solidification of EPICOR-II resin waste forms (1984)

One goal of the EPICOR-II Research and Disposition Program is to investigate methods of immobilizing ion exchange resin wastes by solidification. Formulations were developed for the solidification of EPICOR-II prefilter wastes from Three Mile Island Unit-2 using Portland type I-II cement and vinyl ester-styrene. In developing formulations, ion exchange resins and zeolite simulating those in EPICOR-II prefilters were used. Once suitable formulations were defined, radioactive wastes from EPICOR-II prefilters PF-7 (organic ion exchange resins) and PF-24 (organic ion exchange resins with zeolite) were solidified. A total of 267 radioactive waste form specimens were prepared in hot cell solidification operations. That total includes 136 Portland cement specimens (72 incorporating prefilter PF-7 waste and 64 with prefilter PF-24 waste) and 131 vinyl ester-styrene specimens (71 incorporating prefilter PF-7 waste and 60 with prefilter PF-24 waste). The methodologies used and products produced are described and evaluated in this report.
Optimization of MgTiO3–CaTiO3 based LTCC tapes containing B2O3 for use in microwave applications (2004)

Optimization of MgTiO3–CaTiO3 based LTCC tapes to be used for microwave purposes was investigated. Three kinds of MgTiO3–CaTiO3 based powders containing B2O3 in different forms, and two different slurry systems (PVB and PM) were prepared for tape casting. The results clearly demonstrated that if the powder contained ‘free’ B2O3, no proper tape could be fabricated regardless of the slurry system. With other powders containing pre-reacted B2O3, dense tapes as well as multilayer strip line resonators could be fabricated. Difficulties to prepare proper tape from the powder containing ‘free’ B2O3 and different tape properties with different slurry systems are studied and discussed.
Phenylboronic acid-based glucose-responsive polymeric nanoparticles: synthesis and applications in drug delivery (2013)

Glucose-responsive materials have attracted great intention in recent years due to their potential application in drug delivery. Phenylboronic acid-containing materials have been most widely studied and used in construction of glucose-responsive system for insulin delivery. This review covers the recent advances in synthesis of phenylboronic acid-based glucose-responsive materials, especially in forms of nanogels (microgels), micelles, vesicles, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Applications of these nanomaterials in drug delivery are discussed.
Polyol content of cerebrospinal fluid in brain-tumor patients (1989)

In order to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) polyols are consumed by brain tissue, the concentration of seven polyols in the CSF and the serum of 30 patients with intracranial tumor and 17 control individuals was measured by gas chromatography. The mean polyol content in the control samples showed that the fructose, inositol, and glucitol levels were significantly greater in CSF than in serum. A comparison of the lumbar CSF from control subjects and 11 patients with malignant tumors exposed to the CSF showed the fructose and inositol levels to be significantly lower (54% and 45%, respectively) and the glucose content to be slightly higher (110%) in the tumor cases. These differences were markedly greater in the ventricular than in the lumbar CSF and greater in patients with tumors exposed to the CSF space than in those with tumors buried in the brain tissue. In ventricular CSF obtained from seven patients with malignant brain tumors before and after radio- and/or chemotherapy, significant increases in fructose (34%) and glucitol (48%) levels were found, but the other polyols did not change significantly. In culture, the human glioblastoma cell growth rate was higher in the medium containing fructose and glucose than in that containing glucose alone. A notable amount of fructose and glucose was consumed by cultured glioblastoma cells. The roles of polyols contained in CSF and the effects of fructose on the growth of cultured glioblastoma cells are discussed in light of these findings and of previous reports.
Pelvic nerve plexus trauma at radical hysterectomy and simple hysterectomy (2000)

The uterine supporting ligaments contain autonomic nerves and ganglia, as extensions of the inferior hypogastric plexus. The USLs have a greater nerve density than the CLs. Because RH disrupts more nerve tissue than a simple hysterectomy, these data provide further evidence for the neurogenic etiology of pelvic morbidity after RH.
Inhibition of DNA Topoisomerases I and II, and Growth Inhibition of Breast Cancer MCF-7 Cells by Ouabain, Digoxin and Proscillaridin A (2006)

We evaluated the cytotoxicity and underlying mechanisms of cardiac glycosides, including digoxin, ouabain and proscillaridin A, on the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. In terms of inhibition of cell proliferation of MCF-7 cells, the compounds rank in the order proscillaridin A>digoxin>ouabain. While both digoxin and ouabain inhibited topoisomerase II catalytic activity at nanomolar concentrations (100 nM), neither agent inhibited topoisomerase I catalytic activity even at concentrations as high as 100 microM. On the other hand, proscillaridin A was a potent poison of topoisomerase I and II activity at nanomolar drug concentrations (30 nM, 100 nM, respectively), suggesting that this agent may produce its cytotoxic activity by targeting both enzymes simultaneously. These studies suggest that the stabilization of DNA-topoisomerase II complexes is closely linked to the mechanism of digoxin, ouabain and proscillaridin A cytotoxicity. The potential DNA-binding properties of the cardiac glycosides have been assessed by measuring the displacement of ethidium bromide from calf thymus DNA. These results indicate that digoxin, ouabain and proscillaridin A neither intercalate nor interact with the minor groove of DNA.
Enhancing interface design using attentive interaction design toolkit (2006)

This paper shows how a software toolkit enables graphic designers to make camera-based interactive environments in a short period of time without requiring experience in user interface design or machine vision. The Attentive Interaction Design Toolkit, a vision-based input toolkit, gives users an analysis of faces found in a given image stream, including facial expression, body motion, and attentive activities. This data is fed to a text file that can be easily understood by humans and programs alike. A four-day workshop demonstrated that some Flash-savvy architecture students could construct interactive spaces (e.g. Eat-Eat-Eat, TaiKer-KTV and ScreamMarket) based on a group of people's body and their head motions.
Implications of PCCA+ in Molecular Simulation (2018)

Upon ligand binding or during chemical reactions the state of a molecular system changes in time. Usually we consider a finite set of (macro-) states of the system (e.g., ‘bound’ vs. ‘unbound’), although the process itself takes place in a continuous space. In this context, the formula χ = X A connects the micro-dynamics of the molecular system to its macro-dynamics. χ can be understood as a clustering of micro-states of a molecular system into a few macro-states. X is a basis of an invariant subspace of a transfer operator describing the micro-dynamics of the system. The formula claims that there is an unknown linear relation A between these two objects. With the aid of this formula we can understand rebinding effects, the electron flux in pericyclic reactions, and systematic changes of binding rates in kinetic ITC experiments. We can also analyze sequential spectroscopy experiments and rare event systems more easily. This article provides an explanation of the formula and an overview of some of its consequences.
Deviations from the simple two-parameter model-free approach to the interpretation of nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic relaxation of proteins (1990)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDeviations from the simple two-parameter model-free approach to the interpretation of nitrogen-15 nuclear magnetic relaxation of proteinsG. Marius Clore, Attila Szabo, Ad Bax, Lewis E. Kay, Paul C. Driscoll, and Angela M. GronenbornCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1990, 112, 12, 4989–4991Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1990Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1990https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00168a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00168a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1837Altmetric-Citations876LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Highly stable physical-contact optical fiber connectors with spherical convex ends (1993)

Highly stable physical-contact optical fiber connectors achieved by optimizing ferrule end structures are described. Ceramic ferrule material, the curvature radius of the ferrule endfaces, and the convex vertex eccentricity from the ferrule central axis were studied. On the basis of these studies, single-mode and multimode fiber connectors with stable low-insertion loss and high-return-loss characteristics were fabricated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Prion transmission in blood and urine: what are the implications for recombinant and urinary-derived gonadotrophins? (2002)

Evidence is emerging that suggests that the protease-resistant isoform (PrP(sc)) of the normal cellular prion protein (PrP(c)) can be detected in the blood and urine of animals and humans with transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs). The production of the human menopausal and recombinant gonadotrophin preparations for use in ovarian stimulation protocols in fertility treatment is one area where the pharmaceutical industry needs to be vigilant and take appropriate steps to ensure that the safety of such drugs remains as high as ever. The recombinant preparations utilize fetal calf serum or other animal sera or proteins as part of a culture medium during production. Human urinary-derived menotrophin preparations are exposed to the theoretical risk of infection from menopausal donors of urine. Nevertheless, the failure to demonstrate irrefutably infectivity following intracerebral inoculation with urine from TSE-infected hosts suggests that the risk associated with products derived from urine is merely theoretical. Despite the paucity of evidence to date and its relevance to the infectious spread of TSEs, it is important that robust measures are implemented to either remove or inactivate PrP(sc) in order to minimize contamination. Validation of each production process is required to assess the likelihood of contamination.
The Structure of Nursing Diagnosis from Orem's Theory (1991)

Nursing diagnosis is generally accepted as a legitimate part of the nursing process; however, there is no consensus on the form, structure, or meaning of diagnosis within the discipline. Some nursing theories and models provide the basis for deriving a structural model for nursing diagnoses. A general structural model for a classification schema for the perspective of Orem's general theory, the self-care deficit theory of nursing has been developed and described. Sample diagnostic statements for various levels within the schema are presented. The language of nursing diagnosis which is appropriate to the theoretical perspective is also described and examples are provided. Diagnostic statement models are identified. This work is the beginning of a formal classification system for nursing diagnosis from one nursing theoretical perspective.
Ttyh1 Protein is Expressed in Glia In Vitro and Shows Elevated Expression in Activated Astrocytes Following Status Epilepticus (2014)

In a previous study, we showed that Ttyh1 protein is expressed in neurons in vitro and in vivo in the form of punctuate structures, which are localized to neuropil and neuronal somata. Herein, we provide the first description of Ttyh1 protein expression in astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and microglia in vitro. Moreover, using double immunofluorescence, we show Ttyh1 protein expression in activated astrocytes in the hippocampus following amygdala stimulation-induced status epilepticus. We demonstrate that in migrating astrocytes in in vitro wound model Ttyh1 concentrates at the edges of extending processes. These data suggest that Ttyh1 not only participates in shaping neuronal morphology, as previously described, but may also play a role in the function of activated glia in brain pathology. To localize Ttyh1 expression in the cellular compartments of neurons and astrocytes, we performed in vitro double immunofluorescent staining using markers for the following subcellular structures: endoplasmic reticulum (GRP78), Golgi apparatus (GM130), clathrin-coated vehicles (clathrin), early endosomes (Rab5 and APPL2), recycling endosomes (Rab11), trans-Golgi network (TGN46), endoplasmic reticulum membrane (calnexin), late endosomes and lysosomes (LAMP1) and synaptic vesicles (synaptoporin and synaptotagmin 1). We found that Ttyh1 is present in the endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and clathrin-coated vesicles (clathrin) in both neurons and astrocytes and also in late endosomes or lysosomes in astrocytes. The presence of Ttyh1 was negligible in early endosomes, recycling endosomes, trans-Golgi network, endoplasmic reticulum membrane and synaptic vesicles.
Tuning Skype's Redundancy Control Algorithm for User Satisfaction (2009)

Determining how to transport delay-sensitive voice data has long been a problem in multimedia networking. The difficulty arises because voice and best-effort data are different by nature. It would not be fair to give priority to voice traffic and starve its best-effort counterpart; however, the voice data delivered might not be perceptible if each voice call is limited to the rate of an average TCP flow. To address the problem, we approach it from a user-centric perspective by tuning the voice data rate based on user satisfaction. Our contribution in this work is threefold. First, we investigate how Skype, the largest and fastest growing VoIP service on the Internet, adapts its voice data rate (i.e., the redundancy ratio) to network conditions. Second, by exploiting implementations of public domain codecs, we discover that Skype's mechanism is not really geared to user satisfaction. Third, based on a set of systematic experiments that quantify user satisfaction under different levels of packet loss and burstiness, we derive a concise model that allows user-centric redundancy control. The model can be easily incorporated into general VoIP services (not only Skype) to ensure consistent user satisfaction.
Lysosulfatide (Sulfogalactosylsphingosine) Accumulation in Tissues from Patients with Metachromatic Leukodystrophy (1990)

We describe here a sensitive assay method for lysosulfatide (sulfogalactosylsphingosine) in human tissues using HPLC. The method involves extraction of lipids, saponification, isolation using a C18 Sep-Pak column, derivatization with o-phthalaldehyde, and detection of the fluorescent lysosulfatide using HPLC. In control subjects, a small amount of lysosulfatide was detected in the cerebral white matter (9-35 pmol/mg of protein), spinal cord (35 pmol/mg of protein), sciatic nerve (14 pmol/mg of protein), and kidney (approximately 2 pmol/mg of protein) but not in the cerebral gray matter and liver. A marked accumulation of the lipid was noted in tissues from six patients with metachromatic leukodystrophy (MLD). The concentration of lysosulfatide was high in the cerebral white matter, spinal cord, and sciatic nerve (223-1,172 pmol/mg of protein). Even in the cerebral gray matter, kidney, and liver, where lysosulfatide was hardly detected in the control sample, a considerable amount (3-45 pmol/mg of protein) accumulated in MLD patients. The concentration and distribution pattern of lysosulfatide were similar to those of galactosylsphingosine (psychosine) accumulated in patients with Krabbe disease. Therefore, the accumulation of lysosulfatide may explain the demyelination in patients with MLD, as is the case with Krabbe disease.
Matrices or Node-Link Diagrams: Which Visual Representation is Better for Visualising Connectivity Models? (2006)

Adjacency matrices or DSMs (design structure matrices) and node-link diagrams are both visual representations of graphs, which are a common form of data in many disciplines. DSMs are used throughout the engineering community for various applications, such as process modelling or change prediction. However, outside this community, DSMs (and other matrix-based representations of graphs) are rarely applied and node-link diagrams are very popular. This paper will examine, which representation is more suitable for visualising graphs. For this purpose, several user experiments were conducted that aimed to answer this research question in the context of product models used, for example in engineering, but the results can be generalised to other applications. These experiments identify key factors on the readability of graph visualisations and confirm work on comparisons of different representations. This study widens the scope of readability comparisons between node-link and matrix-based representations by introducing new user tasks and replacing simulated, undirected graphs with directed ones employing real-world semantics.
Dynamic Multi-LiDAR Based Multiple Object Detection and Tracking (2019)

Environmental perception plays an essential role in autonomous driving tasks and demands robustness in cluttered dynamic environments such as complex urban scenarios. In this paper, a robust Multiple Object Detection and Tracking (MODT) algorithm for a non-stationary base is presented, using multiple 3D LiDARs for perception. The merged LiDAR data is treated with an efficient MODT framework, considering the limitations of the vehicle-embedded computing environment. The ground classification is obtained through a grid-based method while considering a non-planar ground. Furthermore, unlike prior works, 3D grid-based clustering technique is developed to detect objects under elevated structures. The centroid measurements obtained from the object detection are tracked using Interactive Multiple Model-Unscented Kalman Filter-Joint Probabilistic Data Association Filter (IMM-UKF-JPDAF). IMM captures different motion patterns, UKF handles the nonlinearities of motion models, and JPDAF associates the measurements in the presence of clutter. The proposed algorithm is implemented on two slightly dissimilar platforms, giving real-time performance on embedded computers. The performance evaluation metrics by MOT16 and ground truths provided by KITTI Datasets are used for evaluations and comparison with the state-of-the-art. The experimentation on platforms and comparisons with state-of-the-art techniques suggest that the proposed framework is a feasible solution for MODT tasks.