gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decentralized two-hop opportunistic relaying with limited channel state information (2008)

A network consisting of n source-destination pairs and m relays with no direct link between source and destination nodes, is considered. Focusing on the large system limit (large n), the throughput scaling laws of two-hop relaying protocols are studied for Rayleigh fading channels. It is shown that, under the practical constraints of single-user encoding-decoding scheme, and partial channel state information (CSI) at the transmitters (via integer-value feedback from the receivers), the maximal throughput scales as log n even if joint scheduling among relays is allowed. Furthermore, a novel opportunistic relaying scheme with receiver CSI, partial transmitter CSI, and decentralized relay scheduling, is shown to achieve the optimal throughput scaling law of log n.
Optimum Power Control for a Multi-User MIMO System with Beamforming (2006)

A multi-user Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system with beamforming based on Maximum Ratio Transmission (MRT) is analyzed in a Rayleigh fading environment. A simple closed and compact form approximate expression for the outage probability of a mobile station for the downlink of such a system is obtained by considering that all the mobile stations are power controlled by a single base station. An interesting observation of the analysis is that an optimum power control problem can be formulated based on the outage probability of each mobile station in the downlink because the outage probability computation is easily simplified for a cellular environment where all the mobile stations are power controlled by the single base station. The objective is to minimize the base station transmission power by keeping the outage probability of all mobile stations below a specified threshold value. The optimization problem is non-convex and non-linear. We use an Evolutionary Strategy (EV) [1] to solve such a non-convex optimization problem.
Significant Impact of Thermo-Mechanical Conditions on Polymer Triple-Shape Memory Effect (2010)

A polymer triple-shape memory effect represents one of the most recent discoveries in the rapidly expanding field of shape memory polymers. It refers to the capability of a polymer to memorize two temporary shapes and subsequently recover them, all in one shape memory cycle. Although several examples of triple-shape polymers had been reported in the literature, they were notably evaluated under very different thermo-mechanical conditions. In this study, the effect of various thermo-mechanical conditions on the polymer triple-shape properties was investigated using Nafion as a model material. The choice of the programming and recovery heating methods in constructing triple-shape cycles was found to have a profound impact on the triple-shape properties. As such, the results of this study provided useful reference for future development of triple-shape polymers.
Low‐leakage off‐angle in E‐polarizers (2001)

Abstract— New thin‐film polarizers have been developed for use in optical applications. The polarization technology is based upon liquid‐crystalline material built from dichroic dyes that can be deposited on virtually any substrate. Theoretical calculations and experimental results on viewing‐angle characterization of conventional O‐type polarizers and new E‐type polarizers are presented. At large viewing angles, the E‐type polarizers demonstrate lower light leakage, higher contrast ratio, and higher efficiency. Spectral performance depends on the composition of the dye mixture that is used to produce the polarizer coating. The new polarizers exhibit enhanced viewing angle and more design flexibility, providing new opportunities for the liquid‐crystal‐display industry.
Convergence and disintegration of liquid jets induced by an electrostatic field (1979)

Liquid jets are formed by application of an electrostatic field to insulating liquids, which are prepared to have specific conductivities of 10−12–10−7 Ω−1 cm−1 with the ionic additive and viscosity of 0.73–10.2 cP with the silicone intermediate. Convergence of the jets is studied in relation to the specific conductivity. Liquids with specific conductivities between 10−10 and 10−7 Ω−1 cm−1 form fine threads of liquid followed by successive disintegration to many fine droplets. Contribution of the charge term to the disintegration is estimated to be negligible in the axisymmetric mode of disturbance. The explanation is supported by the fact that the measured drop frequency is very well correlated with the theoretical result by Weber, who analyzed the distintegration process in terms of surface tension and viscosity. The coefficient of correlation is 0.98, and the gradient of regression line is 0.97.
Fungi and fish diseases. (1994)

FUNGI AND FISH DISEASES , FUNGI AND FISH DISEASES , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Engineering Microsomal Cytochrome P450 2C5 to Be a Soluble, Monomeric Enzyme (2000)

Deletion of the N-terminal membrane-spanning domain from microsomal P450s 2C5 and 2C3 generates the enzymes, 2C5dH and 2C3dH, that exhibit a salt-dependent association with membranes indicating that they retain a monofacial membrane interaction domain. The two proteins are tetramers and dimers, respectively, in high salt buffers, and only 2C5dH requires phospholipids to reconstitute fully the catalytic activity of the enzyme. Amino acid residues derived from P450 2C3dH between residues 201 and 210 were substituted for the corresponding residues in P450 2C5 to identify those that would diminish the membrane interaction, the phospholipid dependence of catalysis, and aggregation of 2C5dH. Each of four substitutions, N202H, I207L, S209G, and S210T, diminished the aggregation of P450 2C5dH and produced a monomeric enzyme. The N202H and I207L mutations also diminished the stimulation of catalytic activity by phospholipid and reduced the binding of P450 2C5dH to phospholipid vesicles. The modified enzymes exhibit rates of progesterone 21-hydroxylation that are similar to that of P450 2C5dH. These conditionally membrane-bound P450s with improved solubility in high salt buffers are suitable for crystallization and structural determination by x-ray diffraction studies.
Target Signal Detection Using Music Spectrum In Noise Environment (2012)

In this paper, a target signal detection method using multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm is proposed. The MUSIC algorithm is a subspace-based direction of arrival (DOA) estimation method. The algorithm detects the DOAs of multiple sources using the inverse of the eigenvalue-weighted eigen spectra. To apply the algorithm to target signal detection for GSC-based beamforming, we utilize its spectral response for the target DOA in noisy conditions. For evaluation of the algorithm, the performance of the proposed target signal detection method is compared with that of the normalized cross-correlation (NCC), the fixed beamforming, and the power ratio method. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly outperforms the conventional ones in receiver operating characteristics(ROC) curves.
PET imaging of brain 5-HT1A receptors in rat in vivo with 18F-FCWAY and improvement by successful inhibition of radioligand defluorination with miconazole. (2006)

Miconazole treatment, by eliminating defluorination of 18F-FCWAY, results in effective imaging of brain 5-HT1A receptors in rat. 18F-FCWAY PET in miconazole-treated rats can serve as an effective platform for investigating 5-HT1A receptors in rodent models of neuropsychiatric conditions or drug action.
Time-Varying Maximum Transition Run Constraints (2006)

Maximum transition run (MTR) constrained systems are used to improve detection performance in storage channels. Recently, there has been a growing interest in time-varying MTR (TMTR) systems, after such codes were observed to eliminate certain error events and thus provide high coding gain for E <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">n</sup> PR4 channels for n=2,3. In this work, TMTR constraints parameterized by a vector, whose coordinates specify periodically the maximum runlengths of 1's ending at the positions, are investigated. A canonical way to classify such constraints and simplify their minimal graph presentations is introduced. It is shown that there is a particularly simple presentation for a special class of TMTR constraints and explicit descriptions of their characteristic equations are derived. New upper bounds on the capacity of TMTR constraints are established, and an explicit linear ordering by capacity of all tight TMTR constraints up to period 4 is given. For MTR constrained systems with unconstrained positions, it is shown that the set of sequences restricted to the constrained positions yields a natural TMTR constraint. Using TMTR constraints, a new upper bound on the tradeoff function for MTR systems that relates the density of unconstrained positions to the maximum code rates is determined
Full-field velocity imaging of red blood cells in capillaries with spatiotemporal demodulation autocorrelation (2016)

We propose a full-field optical method for the label-free and quantitative mapping of the velocities of red blood cells (RBCs) in capillaries. It integrates spatiotemporal demodulation and an autocorrelation algorithm, and measures RBC velocity according to the ratio of RBC length to lag time. Conventionally, RBC length is assumed to be a constant and lag time is taken as a variable, while our method treats both of them as variables. We use temporal demodulation and the Butterworth spatial filter to separate RBC signal from background signal, based on which we obtain the RBC length by image segmentation and lag time by autocorrelation analysis. The RBC velocity calculated now is more accurate. The validity of our method is verified by an in vivo experiment on a mouse ear. Owing to its higher image signal-to-noise ratio, our method can be used for mapping RBC velocity in the turbid tissue case.
On the optimality of the gridding reconstruction algorithm (2000)

Gridding reconstruction is a method to reconstruct data onto a Cartesian grid from a set of nonuniformly sampled measurements. This method is appreciated for being robust and computationally fast. However, it lacks solid analysis and design tools to quantify or minimize the reconstruction error. Least squares reconstruction (LSR), on the other hand, is another method which is optimal in the sense that it minimizes the reconstruction error. This method is computationally intensive and, in many cases, sensitive to measurement noise. Hence, it is rarely used in practice. Despite their seemingly different approaches, the gridding and LSR methods are shown to be closely related. The similarity between these two methods is accentuated when they are properly expressed in a common matrix form. It is shown that the gridding algorithm can be considered an approximation to the least squares method. The optimal gridding parameters are defined as the ones which yield the minimum approximation error. These parameters are calculated by minimizing the norm of an approximation error matrix. This problem is studied and solved in the general form of approximation using linearly structured matrices. This method not only supports more general forms of the gridding algorithm, it can also be used to accelerate the reconstruction techniques from incomplete data. The application of this method to a case of two-dimensional (2-D) spiral magnetic resonance imaging shows a reduction of more than 4 dB in the average reconstruction error.
Micro-Raman probing of residual stress in freestanding GaN-based micromechanical structures fabricated by a dry release technique (2007)

In this study, the authors have employed micro-Raman scattering to characterize the residual stress in freestanding GaN-based micromechanical structures on (111)-oriented silicon substrates. Arrays of freestanding cantilevers and microbridges have been fabricated using a combination of dry etching techniques. The Si material beneath the GaN microstructures is removed by a nonplasma XeF2-based dry release technique. Two distinct sets of GaN-based layers on Si(111) with a different amount of growth-induced tensile stress are selected for the fabrication of freestanding cantilevers. The residual stress in these micromechanical structures is determined from the peak shift of the E2-high phonon mode of GaN. Such GaN mechanical structures on Si platforms may be useful for the fabrication of GaN-based microelectromechanical systems and sensors.
Coaxial periodic optical waveguide (2000)

Guided modes in a dielectric waveguide structure with a coaxial periodic multi-layer are investigated by using a matrix formula with Bessel functions. We show that guided modes exist in the structure, and that the field is confined in the core which consists of the optically thinner medium. The dispersion curves are discontinuous, so that the modes can exist only in particular wavelength bands corresponding to the stop bands of the periodic structure of the clad. It is possible that the waveguide structure can be applied to filters or optical fibers to reduce nonlinear effects.
Algorithm Simplification through Object Orientation (1997)

The object-oriented (O-O) approach is claimed to have a number of advantages. Some support to these claims appeared during an O-O redesign of a legacy CAD system. A surprisingly simple and efficient solution algorithm was discovered for a change propagation problem. The analysis of the case employs the new concepts of implementation and extension complexity, which indicate the amount of code (software costs) required for the implementation and for later extensions. These two complexities are functions of the problem complexity, expressed by the number N of object types employed to model the problem domain. Moving from the old system to the new O-O system reduced the implementation complexity from O(N2) to O(N); the extension complexity is reduced from O(N) to O(1). The two systems have the same space and time complexities. The CAD system is employed for designing structures composed of parts. The O-O analysis attempts to analyse each part type separately, which proved to be possible. The corresponding N different object types can therefore be developed independently of each other. The top down analysis employed for the old algorithm did not discover the simple architecture, because it is not geared to look for this kind of solution. Instead it analyses the N2 different change propagation cases. The methodical search for independent modules is an important reason for preferring O-O analysis. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multiple-element transducers. (1993)

Multiple-element transducers, commonly called arrays, contain groups of transducer elements. The complete name of an array, such as the linear sequenced array, describes both how the array is constructed (linear) and how it is operated (sequenced); however, the names most often used are incomplete descriptions, such as the commonly used linear array. The arrays are arranged as a straight or a curved line of rectangular elements (linear or convex array) or concentric rings (annular array). Except for the annular array, which focuses the beam two-dimensionally but cannot steer it, the arrays electronically scan the ultrasound beam without mechanical movement. The image formats produced are a rectangle, parallelogram, and sector. To improve image quality, arrays can electronically focus the transmitted beam at a desired depth or at multiple depths to, in effect, achieve a long focal region. Focusing of received echoes is also accomplished electronically. Dynamic aperture and apodization also improve image quality with arrays.
Analysis of new variants of coalesced hashing (1984)

The coalesced hashing method has been shown to be very fast for dynamic information storage and retrieval. This paper analyzes in a uniform way the performance of coalesced hashing and its variants, thus settling some open questions in the literature. In all the variants, the range of the hash function is called the address region , and extra space reserved for storing colliders is called the cellar . We refer to the unmodified method, which was analyzed previously, as late-insertion coalesced hashing. In this paper we analyze late insertion and two new variations called early insertion and varied insertion . When there is no cellar, the early-insertion method is better than late insertion; however, past experience has indicated that it might be worse when there is a cellar. Our analysis confirms that it is worse. The varied-insertion method was introduced as a means of combining the advantages of late insertion and early insertion. This paper shows that varied insertion requires fewer probes per search, on the average, than do the other variants. Each of these three coalesced hashing methods has a parameter that relates the sizes of the address region and the cellar. Techniques in this paper are designed for tuning the parameter in order to achieve optimum search times. We conclude with a list of open problems.
Letters (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTLettersSister Helene Ven Horst and Helen Tang Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1960, 37, 3, 161Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1960Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 March 1960Published inissue 1 March 1960https://doi.org/10.1021/ed037p161.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views77Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (779 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cardiac Cell Sheet Transplantation Improves Damaged Heart Function via Superior Cell Survival in Comparison with Dissociated Cell Injection (2011)

Regenerative therapies have currently emerged as one of the most promising treatments for repair of the damaged heart. Recently, numerous researchers reported that isolated cell injection treatments can improve heart function in myocardial infarction models. However, significant cell loss due to primary hypoxia or cell wash-out and difficulty to control the location of the grafted cells remains problem. As an attempt to overcome these limitations, we have proposed cell sheet-based tissue engineering, which involves stacking confluently cultured cells (two-dimensional), cell sheets, to construct three-dimensional cell-dense tissues. Cell sheet transplantation has been able to recover damaged heart function. However, no detailed analysis for transplanted cell survival has been previously performed. The present study compared the survival of cardiac cell sheet transplantation to direct cell injection in a rat myocardial infarction model. Luciferase-expressing neonatal rat cardiac cells were harvested as cell sheets from temperature-responsive culture dishes. The transplantation of cell sheets was compared to the direct injection of isolated cells dissociated with trypsin-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid. These grafts were transplanted to infarcted rat hearts and cardiac function was assessed by echocardiography at 2 and 4 weeks after transplantation. In vivo bioluminescence and histological analyses were performed to examine cell survival. Cell sheet transplantation consistently yielded greater cell survival than cell injection. Immunohistochemistry revealed that cardiac cell sheets existed over the infarcted area as an intact layer. In contrast, the injected cells were scattered with relatively few cardiomyocytes in the infarcted areas. Four weeks after transplantation, cardiac function was also significantly improved in the cell sheet transplantation group compared with the cell injection. Twenty-four hours after cell grafting, significantly greater numbers of mature capillaries were also observed in the cardiac cell sheet transplantation. Additionally, the numbers of apoptotic cells with deterioration of integrin-mediated attachment were significantly lower after cardiac cell sheet transplantation. In accordance with increased cell survival, cardiac function was significantly improved after cardiac cell sheet transplantation in comparison to cell injection. Cell sheet transplantation can repair damaged hearts through improved cell survival and should become a promising therapy in cardiovascular regenerative medicine.
Is thrombin a key player in the 'coagulation-atherogenesis' maze? (2009)

In addition to its established roles in the haemostatic system, thrombin is an intriguing coagulation protease demonstrating an array of effects on endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), monocytes, and platelets, all of which are involved in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis. There is mounting evidence that thrombin acts as a powerful modulator of many processes like regulation of vascular tone, permeability, migration and proliferation of VSMC, recruitment of monocytes into the atherosclerotic lesions, induction of diverse pro-inflammatory markers, and all of these are related to the progression of cardiovascular disease. Recent studies in transgenic mice models indicate that the deletion of the natural thrombin inhibitor heparin cofactor II promotes an accelerated atherogenic state. Moreover, the reduction of thrombin activity levels in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice, because of the administration of the direct thrombin inhibitor melagatran, attenuates plaque progression and promotes stability in advanced atherosclerotic lesions. The combined evidence points to thrombin as a pivotal contributor to vascular pathophysiology. Considering the clinical development of selective anticoagulants including direct thrombin inhibitors, it is a relevant moment to review the different thrombin-induced mechanisms that contribute to the initiation, formation, progression, and destabilization of atherosclerotic plaques.
Impaired Bone Marrow Microenvironment and Immune Function in T Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase–deficient Mice (1997)

The T cell protein tyrosine phosphatase (TC-PTP) is one of the most abundant mammalian tyrosine phosphatases in hematopoietic cells; however, its role in hematopoietic cell function remains unknown. In this report, we investigated the physiological function(s) of TC-PTP by generating TC-PTP-deficient mutant mice. The three genotypes (+/+, +/-, -/-) showed mendelian segregation at birth (1:2:1) demonstrating that the absence of TC-PTP was not lethal in utero, but all homozygous mutant mice died by 3-5 wk of age, displaying runting, splenomegaly, and lymphadenopathy. Homozygous mice exhibited specific defects in bone marrow (BM), B cell lymphopoiesis, and erythropoiesis, as well as impaired T and B cell functions. However, myeloid and macrophage development in the BM and T cell development in the thymus were not significantly affected. BM transplantation experiments showed that hematopoietic failure in TC-PTP -/- animals was not due to a stem cell defect, but rather to a stromal cell deficiency. This study demonstrates that TC-PTP plays a significant role in both hematopoiesis and immune function.