gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Resources for Digital Imaging QC Auditing (2013)

Having just come through two projects that consisted of digitizing microfilm, I want to share some of my experience with colleagues who might be dealing with similar projects.My principal work is in conservation, but, since 1987, I've also been in charge of microfilm projects for manuscript collections and published materials.I was part of the team that assembled the Research Libraries Group (RLG) standards, and I followed those standards in all the projects under my supervision.I prepared the materials for filming, sometimes with student assistance, so that they would arrive at the vendor camera-ready; then I was available for questions or
Stem Cells and Cardiac Disease: Where are We Going? (2008)

During the last 10 years we have witnessed the development of a new field in research termed Stem Cell Therapy. Classically, it was considered that cells had a limited division and differentiation ability; however, this dogma was challenged when new exciting results about cell multi/pluripotency were presented to the scientific community. It was found that cells from one adult tissue source were able to originate cells of a very different type. The possibility of transplanting these cells into damaged organs with the aim of substituting sick or dead tissue, triggered many studies to understand the plasticity of the stem cells and their potential in pathological situations. Nowadays, much more is understood about stem cells, although of course, many questions, especially about their mechanism of action, still need to be answered. Their benefit after transplantation has been shown experimentally and even clinically in some cases; however, the degree of stem cell contribution through their own differentiation into the transplanted tissue, has turned out to be generally low, and increasing evidence indicates that a trophic effect must play an important role in such a benefit. A better understanding of the paracrine mechanisms involved could be of great relevance in order to develop new therapies focused on stimulating endogenous cells. On the other hand, more sophisticated methods for cell transplantation combined with bio-engineering techniques have been devised in cardiac disease models. In this review we will try to provide a critical overview of the stem cell studies performed until now and to discuss some of the questions raised about the mechanisms that are involved in their putative reparative effect in cardiovascular diseases, and their origin.
Is obesity an independent risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis? (2002)

Recently, several epidemiologic observations have suggested that obesity might be an independent risk factor for certain malignancies such as breast cancer, colon cancer, renal cell carcinoma, and esophageal adenocarcinoma. However, there are no studies examining the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in obesity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether obesity is an independent risk factor for HCC in patients with cirrhosis. Explanted liver specimens from a national database on patients undergoing liver transplantation were examined for HCC, and the incidence was compared among patients with varying body mass indices according to the etiology of cirrhosis. A multivariate analysis was used for controlling other potentially confounding variables such as age and sex. Among 19,271 evaluable patients, the overall incidence of HCC was 3.4% (n = 659) with a slightly higher prevalence among obese patients compared with lean patients. Obesity was an independent predictor for HCC in patients with alcoholic cirrhosis (odds ratio [OR], 3.2; 95% CI, 1.5-6.6; P =.002) and cryptogenic cirrhosis (OR, 11.1; 95% CI, 1.5-87.4; P =.02). Obesity was not an independent predictor in patients with hepatitis C, hepatitis B, primary biliary cirrhosis, and autoimmune hepatitis. The higher risk of HCC in obese patients is confined to alcoholic liver disease and cryptogenic cirrhosis. In conclusion, more frequent surveillance for HCC may be warranted in obese patients with alcoholic and cryptogenic cirrhosis. However, as this study is based on patients with advanced cirrhosis, our findings need to be confirmed in a broader population of individuals with cirrhosis.
Identification of biomarkers for tumor endothelial cell proliferation through gene expression profiling (2005)

Extensive efforts are under way to identify antiangiogenic therapies for the treatment of human cancers. Many proposed therapeutics target vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) or the kinase insert domain receptor (KDR/VEGF receptor-2/FLK-1), the mitogenic VEGF receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by endothelial cells. Inhibition of KDR catalytic activity blocks tumor neoangiogenesis, reduces vascular permeability, and, in animal models, inhibits tumor growth and metastasis. Using a gene expression profiling strategy in rat tumor models, we identified a set of six genes that are selectively overexpressed in tumor endothelial cells relative to tumor cells and whose pattern of expression correlates with the rate of tumor endothelial cell proliferation. In addition to being potential targets for antiangiogenesis tumor therapy, the expression patterns of these genes or their protein products may aid the development of pharmacodynamic assays for small molecule inhibitors of the KDR kinase in human tumors.
Differential effects of deletions in lcrV on secretion of V antigen, regulation of the low-Ca2+ response, and virulence of Yersinia pestis (1995)

The Yersinia pestis V antigen is necessary for full induction of low-calcium response (LCR) stimulon virulence gene transcription, and it also is a secreted protein believed to have a direct antihost function. We made four nonpolar deletions in lcrV of Y. pestis to determine if secretion, regulation, and virulence functions could be localized within the V antigen (LcrV). Deletion of amino acids 25 to 40 caused secretion of LcrV to be decreased in efficiency; however, removal of residues 108 to 125 essentially abolished LcrV secretion. Neither mutation had a significant effect on LCR regulation. This showed that LcrV does not have to be secreted to have its regulatory effect and that the internal structure of V antigen is necessary for its secretion. Both mutants were avirulent in mice, showing that the regulatory effect of LcrV could be separated genetically from its virulence role and raising the possibility that residues 25 to 40 are essential for the virulence function. This study provides the best genetic evidence available that LcrV per se is necessary for the virulence of Y. pestis. The repressed LCR phenotype of a mutant lacking amino acids 188 to 207 of LcrV raised the possibility that the deleted region is necessary for regulation of LCR induction; however, this mutant LcrV was weakly expressed and may not have been present in sufficient amounts to have its regulatory effect. In double mutants containing this mutant lcrV and also lacking expression of known LCR negative regulators (LcrG, LcrE, and LcrH), full induction of the LCR occurred in the absence of functional LcrV, indicating that LcrV promotes induction not as an activator per se but rather by inhibiting negative regulators.
Viral bioinformatics (2008)

Pathogens have presented a major challenge to individuals and populations of living organisms, probably as long as there has been life on earth. They are a prime object of study for at least three reasons: (1) Understanding the way of pathogens affords the basis for preventing and treating the diseases they cause. (2) The interactions of pathogens with their hosts afford valuable insights into the working of the hosts’ cells, in general, and of the host’s immune system, in particular. (3) The co-evolution of pathogens and their hosts allows for transferring knowledge across the two interacting species and affords valuable insights into how evolution works, in general. In the past decade computational biology has started to contribute to the understanding of host-pathogen interaction in at least three ways which are summarized in the subsequent sections of this chapter.
Large-scale analysis of framework-specific exceptions in Android apps (2018)

Mobile apps have become ubiquitous. For app developers, it is a key priority to ensure their apps' correctness and reliability. However, many apps still suffer from occasional to frequent crashes, weakening their competitive edge. Large-scale, deep analyses of the characteristics of real-world app crashes can provide useful insights to guide developers, or help improve testing and analysis tools. However, such studies do not exist --- this paper fills this gap. Over a four-month long effort, we have collected 16,245 unique exception traces from 2,486 open-source Android apps, and observed that framework-specific exceptions account for the majority of these crashes. We then extensively investigated the 8,243 framework-specific exceptions (which took six person-months): (1) identifying their characteristics (e.g., manifestation locations, common fault categories), (2) evaluating their manifestation via state-of-the-art bug detection techniques, and (3) reviewing their fixes. Besides the insights they provide, these findings motivate and enable follow-up research on mobile apps, such as bug detection, fault localization and patch generation. In addition, to demonstrate the utility of our findings, we have optimized Stoat, a dynamic testing tool, and implemented ExLocator, an exception localization tool, for Android apps. Stoat is able to quickly uncover three previously-unknown, confirmed/fixed crashes in Gmail and Google+; ExLocator is capable of precisely locating the root causes of identified exceptions in real-world apps. Our substantial dataset is made publicly available to share with and benefit the community.
Joint Linear Precoding and Beamforming for the Forward Link of Multi-Beam Broadband Satellite Systems (2011)

Next generation high throughput satellite systems are expected to rely on the deployment of a high number of beams in the user link, and therefore operate in an interference limited regime. This paper builds on the combination of advanced interference mitigation techniques and ground based beamforming to cope with this increased level of interference among users. Focussing on the forward link of a multi-beam broadband satellite system, we consider the joint design of linear precoding and ground based beamforming at the gateway. This joint design is modeled, and different linear precoding techniques are considered for comparison. The provided simulation results quantify the performance gain generated by this joint design with respect to considering precoding for a fixed on-board beamforming. The robustness of the considered scheme to channel estimation errors is also analyzed.
Controllable needle-free injection : development and verification of a novel device (2006)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, June 2006.
ONO-4007, an antitumor lipid A analog, induces tumor necrosis factor-alpha production by human monocytes only under primed state: different effects of ONO-4007 and lipopolysaccharide on cytokine production. (1998)

ONO-4007 is a synthetic lipid A analog that exhibits strong antitumor activity in several animal models via intratumoral production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF). In the present study the cytokine-inducing effect of ONO-4007 was investigated in human monocytes that were freshly isolated or had been incubated for 3 days with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) or macrophage colony-stimulating factor. ONO-4007 induced slight production of TNF-alpha, Interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-12 in fresh monocytes but strongly induced TNF-alpha production in GM-CSF-treated monocytes. Monocytes treated with macrophage colony-stimulating factor were also primed to produce TNF-alpha in response to ONO-4007. In the production of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-12, GM-CSF did not show a priming effect. In contrast to ONO-4007, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced significant amounts of all these cytokines in fresh monocytes. In whole blood, ONO-4007 failed to induce TNF-alpha, whereas LPS and LA-15-PP (Escherichia coli-type lipid A) strongly induced TNF-alpha production. In the GM-CSF-treated monocytes, both elimination of serum from the culture medium and anti-CD14 antibody treatment attenuated LPS-induced TNF-alpha production but not ONO-4007-induced TNF-alpha production. This study shows that ONO-4007 activates human monocytes/ macrophages to release TNF-alpha only in a primed state and suggests that ONO-4007 would activate these cells via different pathways from LPS. These differences could mean that ONO-4007 has potent antitumor activity with lower toxicity than LPS.
Quantitative Computed Tomographic Descriptors Associate Tumor Shape Complexity and Intratumor Heterogeneity with Prognosis in Lung Adenocarcinoma (2015)

Two CT features were developed to quantitatively describe lung adenocarcinomas by scoring tumor shape complexity (feature 1: convexity) and intratumor density variation (feature 2: entropy ratio) in routinely obtained diagnostic CT scans. The developed quantitative features were analyzed in two independent cohorts (cohort 1: n = 61; cohort 2: n = 47) of patients diagnosed with primary lung adenocarcinoma, retrospectively curated to include imaging and clinical data. Preoperative chest CTs were segmented semi-automatically. Segmented tumor regions were further subdivided into core and boundary sub-regions, to quantify intensity variations across the tumor. Reproducibility of the features was evaluated in an independent test-retest dataset of 32 patients. The proposed metrics showed high degree of reproducibility in a repeated experiment (concordance, CCC≥0.897; dynamic range, DR≥0.92). Association with overall survival was evaluated by Cox proportional hazard regression, Kaplan-Meier survival curves, and the log-rank test. Both features were associated with overall survival (convexity: p = 0.008; entropy ratio: p = 0.04) in Cohort 1 but not in Cohort 2 (convexity: p = 0.7; entropy ratio: p = 0.8). In both cohorts, these features were found to be descriptive and demonstrated the link between imaging characteristics and patient survival in lung adenocarcinoma.
Expression of the putative inhibitor of the insulin receptor tyrosine kinase PC‐1 in dermal fibroblasts from patients with syndromes of severe insulin resistance (1997)

The results indicate that PC-1 over-expression does not appear to contribute to the insulin resistant state of pseudo-acromegalic patients. The finding of normal insulin receptor tyrosine kinase activity in these subjects suggests that the site of defective insulin signalling is likely to be distal to the receptor. The unexpected finding that PC-1 activity, protein and mRNA were all dramatically reduced in patients with lesions early in the insulin signalling cascade provides further evidence for a link, albeit as yet poorly understood, between cellular insulin action and the expression of PC-1.
Social Work in Health and Mental Health Services (1971)

An examination of some concepts and issues relating to health care shows that the common thread is the responsibility for planning and administration
Implementation of biologically plausible spiking neural network models on the memristor crossbar-based CMOS/nano circuits (2009)

Memristor nanodevices have good properties for use as synapses to add dynamic learning to neuromorphic networks implemented in crossbar-based CMOS/Nano hybrids. In this paper, we propose and analyze spike-timing-dependent-plasticity (STDP) rule for memristor crossbar based spiking neuromorphic networks. The learning method is implemented by using CMOS based neurons which generate two-part spikes similar to biological action potentials (APs) and send them to both forward and backward directions along their axon and dendrites, simultaneously. The local learning method can modify the state of nanodevices with regards to pre- and postsynaptic spike timings.
FCN2 inhibits epithelial–mesenchymal transition-induced metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma via TGF-β/Smad signaling (2016)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is currently still a major cause of cancer-related deaths. Identifying early metastatic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for HCC is of great importance. Emerging evidence suggest that epithelial-mesenchymal transitions (EMTs) play important roles in tumor metastasis and recurrence. Understanding molecular mechanisms that regulate the EMT process is crucial for improving HCC. In this study, we find Ficolin-2 (FCN2) plays an essential role in metastasis and EMT of HCC. FCN2 expression is downregulated in HCC cells and tissues. Low level of FCN2 in HCCs is correlated with aggressive metastatic features, and would be a prognostic factor for overall disease-free survival of HCC patients. Ectopic expression of FCN2 markedly inhibits HCC cells migration, invasion as well as EMT in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, TGF-β is found contribute to the function of FCN2 in suppressing metastasis and EMT of HCC. Collectively, our data suggest that FCN2 may have prognostic value in HCC metastasis. Additionally, the FCN2/ TGF-β/EMT axis identified in this study provides novel insight into the mechanisms of HCC metastasis, which may facilitate the development of new therapeutics against HCC.
Current status of FET-type ferroelectric memories (2002)

In this review, a novel ferroelectric-gate FET array is first introduced, which is fabricated on an SOI (silicon-on-insulator) structure and can be used as an analog memory for synaptic connection in an artificial neural network as well as a single-transistor-cell-type nonvolatile digital memory. Then, recent experimental results on MF(MIS) (metal-ferroelectric-metal-insulator-semiconductor) capacitors and FETs are presented. Particular attention is paid to discussing optimum materials and device structures for obtaining good retention characteristics.
Mechanisms of Neutrophil-mediated Disease: Innovative Therapeutic Interventions (2012)

Over recent years, neutrophil functions have extensively been reevaluted. For instance, it has been found that extracellular traps generated by activated neutrophils are able to perform a very effective antimicrobial activity against a plethora of microorganisms. In addition, neutrophils possess the ability to interact with monocytes/macrophages either via release of their granule content or via efferocytosis. Efferocytosis is based on neutrophil clearance by macrophages, which, in turn, exert pro- or antinflammatory effects. Furthermore, alarmins released by neutrophils have been shown to mobilize and activate dendritic cells as well as macrophages for antigenpresentation to occur. Finally, other researchers have demonstrated that neutrophils act as suppressor cells by deprivation of arginine in T cells. From a clinical point of view, it is well known that neutrophils are present as activated effector cells in a number of diseases such as infectious disease, sepsis, autoimmune disease, cardiovascular disease and tumors. They play pro-inflammatory and angiogenetic effects in some cases, while in other cases they depress host immune response. In this review, also emphasis will be placed on neutrophil functional deficits which seem to participate to the pathogenesis of various diseases, e.g., viral hepatitis C infection and inflammatory bowel disease. Finally, novel therapeutic measures able to modulate neutrophil functions will be described with special reference to both immune agents and natural products.
A serological assay to detect SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in at-home collected finger-prick dried blood spots (2020)

Accurate surveillance of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) incidence requires large-scale testing of the population. Current testing methods require in-person collection of biospecimens by a healthcare worker, limiting access of individuals who do not have access to testing facilities while placing both the patient and healthcare worker at risk of exposure to infection. We report the development and validation of a at-home finger-prick dried blood spot collection kit and an analysis method. We demonstrated 100% sensitivity and specificity using at-home collected specimens across the US. Such methods may facilitate the conduct of unbiased serosurveys within hard to reach populations and help reduce the sample collection burden of serological testing on both health care systems and individuals alike.
PICK1, an Anchoring Protein That Specifically Targets Protein Kinase Cα to Mitochondria Selectively upon Serum Stimulation in NIH 3T3 Cells (2003)

PICK1 binds to protein kinase Calpha (PKCalpha) through the carboxylate-binding loop in its PDZ (PSD95/Disc-large/ZO-1) domain and the C terminus of PKCalpha. We have previously shown that PICK1 modulates the catalytic activity of PKC selectively toward the antiproliferative gene TIS21. To investigate whether PICK1 plays a role in targeting activated PKCalpha to a particular intracellular compartment in addition to regulating PKC activity, we examine the localization of PICK1 and PKCalpha in response to various stimuli. Double staining with organelle markers and anti-rPICK1 antibodies reveals that PICK1 is associated with mitochondria but not with endoplasmic reticulum or Golgi in NIH 3T3 cells. Deletion of the PDZ domain impairs the mitochondria localization of PICK1, whereas mutations in the carboxylate-binding loop do not have an effect, suggesting that PICK1 can bind PKCalpha and mitochondria simultaneously. Upon serum stimulation, PICK1 translocates and displays a dense ring-like structure around the nucleus, where it still associates with mitochondria. A substantial portion of PKCalpha is concomitantly found in the condense perinuclear region. The C terminal-deleted PKCalpha fails to translocate and remains a diffuse cytoplasmic distribution, indicating that a direct interaction between PICK1 and PKCalpha is required for PKCalpha anchoring to mitochondria. 12-O-Tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate stimulation, in contrast, causes translocation of PKCalpha to the plasma membrane, whereas the majority of PICK1 remains in a cytoplasmic punctate pattern. Deletion at the C terminus of PKCalpha has no effect on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate-induced translocation. These findings indicate a previously unidentified role for PICK1 in anchoring PKCalpha to mitochondria in a ligand-specific manner.
Reaction of Hardwood Lignin with Hydrogen (1938)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReaction of Hardwood Lignin with HydrogenElwin E. Harris, James D'Ianni, and Homer AdkinsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1938, 60, 6, 1467–1470Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1938Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1938https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01273a056https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01273a056research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views846Altmetric-Citations117LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts