gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Color Face Recognition for Degraded Face Images (2009)

In many current face-recognition (FR) applications, such as video surveillance security and content annotation in a web environment, low-resolution faces are commonly encountered and negatively impact on reliable recognition performance. In particular, the recognition accuracy of current intensity-based FR systems can significantly drop off if the resolution of facial images is smaller than a certain level (e.g., less than 20 x 20 pixels). To cope with low-resolution faces, we demonstrate that facial color cue can significantly improve recognition performance compared with intensity-based features. The contribution of this paper is twofold. First, a new metric called "variation ratio gain" (VRG) is proposed to prove theoretically the significance of color effect on low-resolution faces within well-known subspace FR frameworks; VRG quantitatively characterizes how color features affect the recognition performance with respect to changes in face resolution. Second, we conduct extensive performance evaluation studies to show the effectiveness of color on low-resolution faces. In particular, more than 3000 color facial images of 341 subjects, which are collected from three standard face databases, are used to perform the comparative studies of color effect on face resolutions to be possibly confronted in real-world FR systems. The effectiveness of color on low-resolution faces has successfully been tested on three representative subspace FR methods, including the eigenfaces, the fisherfaces, and the Bayesian. Experimental results show that color features decrease the recognition error rate by at least an order of magnitude over intensity-driven features when low-resolution faces (25 x 25 pixels or less) are applied to three FR methods.
Mast Cells: Potential Positive and Negative Roles in Tumor Biology (2013)

Mast cells are immune cells that reside in virtually all vascularized tissues. Upon activation by diverse mechanisms, mast cells can secrete a broad array of biologically active products that either are stored in the cytoplasmic granules of the cells (e.g., histamine, heparin, various proteases) or are produced de novo upon cell stimulation (e.g., prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors). Mast cells are best known for their effector functions during anaphylaxis and acute IgE-associated allergic reactions, but they also have been implicated in a wide variety of processes that maintain health or contribute to disease. There has been particular interest in the possible roles of mast cells in tumor biology. In vitro studies have shown that mast cells have the potential to influence many aspects of tumor biology, including tumor development, tumor-induced angiogenesis, and tissue remodeling, and the shaping of adaptive immune responses to tumors. Yet, the actual contributions of mast cells to tumor biology in vivo remain controversial. Here, we review some basic features of mast cell biology with a special emphasis on those relevant to their potential roles in tumors. We discuss how using in vivo tumor models in combination with models in which mast cell function can be modulated has implicated mast cells in the regulation of host responses to tumors. Finally, we summarize data from studies of human tumors that suggest either beneficial or detrimental roles for mast cells in tumors.
Monoclonal antibodies show that kinase C phosphorylation of GAP-43 during axonogenesis is both spatially and temporally restricted in vivo. (1991)

To study the role of kinase C phosphorylation in the distribution and function of GAP-43 we have generated a panel of mAbs that distinguish between GAP-43 that has been phosphorylated by kinase C and forms that have not. One class of antibodies, typified by 2G12/C7, reacts with only the phosphorylated form of GAP-43; it recognizes the peptide IQAS(PO4)FR equivalent to residues 38-43 that includes the single kinase C phosphorylation site at serine. Another, exemplified by 10E8/E7, reacts with both phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated forms. We have used the antibodies to study the distribution of kinase C-phosphorylated GAP-43 during axonogenesis and in the adult nervous system. Two major findings emerge. First, there is a lag between the initiation of axon outgrowth and the phosphorylation of GAP-43 by kinase C. The extent of this lag period varies between the different structures studied. In some cases, e.g., the trigeminal nerve, our result suggest that kinase C phosphorylation may be correlated with proximity of the growing axon to its target. Second, kinase C-phosphorylated GAP-43 is always spatially restricted to the distal axon. It is never seen either proximally or in cell bodies, even those with high levels of GAP-43 protein. This result also implies that GAP-43 is axonally transported in the non-kinase C phosphorylated form. Thus, kinase C phosphorylation of GAP-43 is not required for axon outgrowth or growth cone function per se and may be more related to interactions of the growth cone with its environment.
DNA polymerase template switching at specific sites on the φ29 genome causes the <i>in vivo</i> accumulation of subgenomic φ29 DNA molecules (1998)

The accumulation of subgenomic phage phi29 DNA molecules with specific sizes was observed after prolonged infection times with delayed lysis phage mutants. Whereas the majority of the molecules had a size of 4 kb, additional DNA species were observed with sizes of 8.2, 6.5, 2.3, 2 and 1 kb. Most of the molecules were shown to originate from the right end of the linear Bacillus subtilis phage phi29 genome. The nature of the 4, 2.3, 2 and 1 kb molecules was studied. The 2 kb molecules were shown to be single-stranded self-complementary strands forming hairpin structures. The other molecules consisted of palindromic linear double-stranded DNA molecules. Most probably, the subgenomic DNA molecules were formed when the moving phage replication fork from the right origin encountered a block that induces the DNA polymerase to switch template. Once formed, the subgenomic molecules are then amplified in vivo. Determination of the centres of symmetry of the 4 and 1 kb molecules revealed that both contained the almost 16 bp perfect dyad symmetry element (DSE): 5'-TGTTtCAC-GTGg-AACA-3' being a likely candidate for a protein binding site. Database analysis showed that this sequence occurs four times in the phi29 genome. In addition, the almost identical sequence 5'-TgGTTTCAC-GTGGAAtCA-3' was found once. These five DSEs are all located in the right half of the phi29 genome, and the same sequences are also present in the linear DNA of related B. subtilis phages. Most interestingly, this sequence is also found in the spoOJ gene of the B. subtilis chromosome. Recently, it has been shown that the SpoOJ protein is associated in vivo with the same DSE. As the same subgenomic phi29 DNA molecules accumulate after infection of B. subtilis spoOJ deletion strains, it is likely that, in addition to and/or independently of SpoOJ, other protein(s) bind to DSE.
Radiation properties of planar antenna arrays based on certain categories of aperiodic tilings (2005)

Two-dimensional aperiodic tilings are collections of polygons, devoid of any translational symmetries, capable of covering a plane without gaps and overlaps. Although aperiodic, these structures can exhibit order and symmetry in an extended sense. In this paper, we study the radiation properties of planar antenna arrays based on certain categories of two-dimensional aperiodic tilings that illustrate diverse aspects of aperiodic order. Background material on aperiodic tilings and their known electromagnetic properties is reviewed. Results are illustrated to highlight the effects of aperiodic order in the antenna array radiation properties. Potential applications are also envisaged
Electromagnetic phased arrays for regional hyperthermia: optimal frequency and antenna arrangement (2001)

This paper investigates the effects of the three-dimensional arrangement of antennae and frequency on temperature distributions that can be achieved in regional hyperthermia using an electromagnetic phased array. It compares the results of power-based and temperature-based optimization. Thus, one is able to explain the discrepancies between previous studies favouring more antenna rings on the one hand and more antennae per ring on the other hand. The sensitivity of the results is analysed with respect to changes in amplitudes and phases, as well as patient position. This analysis can be used for different purposes. First, it provides additional criteria for selecting the optimal frequency. Secondly, it can be used for specifying the required phase and amplitude accuracy for a real phased array system. Furthermore, it may serve as a basis for technological developments in order to reduce both types of sensitivities described above.
Managing Distributed Feature Interactions in Enterprise SIP Application Servers (2009)

Several trends in SIP application server deployments in large scale telephony environments exacerbate the classic problem of feature interaction : use of distributed feature servers, mixing of legacy and green-field feature servers, and the co-existence of multiple third-party feature implementations provisioned in the same environment. Next-generation SIP application servers will include an application router (AR) to provide more application control over feature sequencing. As we discuss here, the AR can be augmented to incorporate feature interaction detection and resolution logic. We describe a novel design for run-time feature interaction detection and resolution in an environment of distributed feature servers using a SIP application server with application routing function, such as that defined in JSR 289. The approach is based on the algorithm of the Kolberg-Magill (K-M) method for feature interaction detection. Here we extend the notation of the algorithm to cover advanced call control services, enable the algorithm to work in topologies involving B2BUAs (Back-to-Back User Agents) and SBCs (session border controllers), and test the approach with a substantial feature set of 32 features found in large enterprise solutions.
Color multiplex polymerase chain reaction for quantitative analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor genes in colorectal adenocarcinoma (2003)

EGFR protein is overexpressed in a significant percentage of colonic adenocarcinomas. As with Her-2/neu overexpression, overexpression of EGFR serves as a basis for specific antibody therapy in a subset of carcinomas. Unlike Her-2/neu, where most overexpression is secondary to gene amplification, overexpression of EGFR appears to be unrelated to gene amplification.
Active Compression-Decompression (1992)

<h3>Objective.</h3> —To describe and compare with standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in humans a new form of CPR that involves both active compression and active decompression of the chest. <h3>Design.</h3> —Patients in cardiac arrest in whom standard advanced cardiac life support failed were randomized to receive 2 minutes of either standard or active compression-decompression (ACD) CPR using a custom, hand-held suction device, followed by 2 minutes of the alternate technique. The ACD device was applied midsternum and used to perform CPR according to the guidelines of the American Heart Association: 80 compressions per minute, compression depth of 3.8 to 5 cm, 50% duty cycle, and constant-volume ventilation. Mechanical Thumper CPR was also compared in five patients. End-tidal carbon dioxide (ETco2) concentrations and hemodynamic variables were measured. Transesophageal Doppler echocardiography was used to assess contractility, the velocity time integral (an analogue of cardiac output), and diastolic myocardial filling times. <h3>Results.</h3> —Ten patients were enrolled. The mean±SD ETco2 was 4.3±3.8 mm Hg with standard CPR and 9.0±3.9 mm Hg with ACD CPR (<i>P</i><.0001). Systolic arterial pressure with standard CPR was 52.5±14.0 mm Hg and with ACD CPR, 88.9±24.7 mm Hg (<i>P</i><.003). The velocity time integral increased from 7.3±2.6 cm with standard CPR to 17.5±5.6 cm with ACD CPR (<i>P</i><.0001), and diastolic filling times increased from 0.23±09 seconds with standard CPR to 0.37±12 seconds with ACD CPR (<i>P</i><.004). Mechanical Thumper CPR consistently underperformed both standard and ACD CPR. Minute ventilation obtained in four patients during ACD CPR without endotracheal ventilation was 6.6±0.9 L/min. After 1 hour of standard CPR failed, three of 10 patients randomized to ACD CPR rapidly converted to a hemodynamically stable rhythm following 2 minutes of ACD CPR. <h3>Conclusion.</h3> —ACD CPR is a simple manual technique that improved cardiopulmonary circulation in 10 patients during cardiac arrest. Although ACD CPR may have produced a return of spontaneous circulation in three patients refractory to standard measures, its impact on survival when used early in cardiac arrest remains to be determined. (<i>JAMA</i>. 1992;267:2916-2923)
Local deformation studies of chain molecules: Differential conditions for changes of dihedral angles (1987)

Abstract New first and second‐order differential equations for changes of dihedral angles characterizing local deformations of chain molecules with fixed bond lengths and bond angles are derived. Two methods for integrating the differential relations are given. The proposed method is used to generate a path of locally deformed conformations around a β‐turn region of a small protein, bovine pancreatic trypsin inhibitor. The variable regions change their conformations by more than 3 Å root‐mean‐square distance value whereas the fixed regions stay within 0.02 Å. Possible applications of this method are in the field of computer graphics, Monte Carlo simulations, and energy minimization calculations of chain molecules.
Chemoprevention and Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer: Update and Review of the Literature (2018)

Different risk factors like smoking or hereditary tumour syndromes should be known for early detection of pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia. Chemopreventive dietary agents include curcumin, capsaicin and flavonoid, whereas potential chemopreventive drugs compromise aspirin, metformin or statins. This review aims to give an overview on potential risk factors for the development of pancreatic cancer. Furthermore, we try to summarise known chemopreventive agents to support the fight against this lethal disease. Key Messages: On the one hand, there are natural agents that exhibit preventive properties and can lead to the prohibition of pancreatic cancer. On the other hand, there are drugs and agents that are currently used in other contexts and are thus already approved and studied in terms of their mechanisms of effects and the related secondary effects.
Production of anti-microbial substances by probiotics. (1996)

Bacterial antagonism has been recognised for over a century but in recent years this phenomenon has received more scientific attention, particularly in the use of various strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB). Antimicrobial compounds produced by LAB have provided these organisms with a competitive advantage over other microorganisms. Lactic acid bacteria have a natural ecological niche in many foods as well as in the intestinal tract. The efficacy and spectrum of antimicrobial products of lactic acid bacteria are broad and include lactic and acetic acid, hydrogen peroxide, carbon dioxide, diacetyl as well as bacteriocins or bacteriocin-like substances. Further screening for agents with a broad spectrum of activity is required. This will involve genetic or protein engineering of such compounds to commercialise these agents.
Pesticides and Parkinson’s Disease—Is There a Link? (2005)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is an idiopathic disease of the nervous system characterized by progressive tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, and postural instability. It has been postulated that exogenous toxicants, including pesticides, might be involved in the etiology of PD. In this article we present a comprehensive review of the published epidemiologic and toxicologic literature and critically evaluate whether a relationship exists between pesticide exposure and PD. From the epidemiologic literature, there does appear to be a relatively consistent relationship between pesticide exposure and PD. This relationship appears strongest for exposure to herbicides and insecticides, and after long durations of exposure. Toxicologic data suggest that paraquat and rotenone may have neurotoxic actions that potentially play a role in the development of PD, with limited data for other pesticides. However, both the epidemiology and toxicology studies were limited by methodologic weaknesses. Particular issues of current and future interest include multiple exposures (both pesticides and other exogenous toxicants), developmental exposures, and gene-environment interactions. At present, the weight of evidence is sufficient to conclude that a generic association between pesticide exposure and PD exists but is insufficient for concluding that this is a causal relationship or that such a relationship exists for any particular pesticide compound or combined pesticide and other exogenous toxicant exposure.
Lowering the operating temperature of selective oxidation catalysts (2000)

By incorporating palladium into oxidative dehydrogenation catalysts, a key step in the usual Mars–van Krevelen redox cycle has been by-passed, resulting in a decrease in operating temperature of around 200 °C.
Simple Fibroblast-Based Assay for Screening of New Antimicrobial Drugs against <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i> (2002)

In this study, we propose a simple and reproducible host-cell-based assay for the screening of antimycobacterial drugs that is suitable for drug discovery. The method evaluates both antimycobacterial activity of the drugs and their cytotoxicity to host cells. The basis of this simple fibroblast-based assay (SFA) is that cells of human lung fibroblast cell line MRC-5, which are highly sensitive to mycobacterial cytotoxicity, are killed by virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis strain H(37)Rv bacilli in response to the viability of bacilli. Clinically used antimycobacterial drugs inhibited the mycobacterial cytotoxicity to MRC-5 cells in a dose-dependent manner. MICs of isoniazid, streptomycin, rifampin, and ethambutol determined by this SFA (0.428, 1.816, 0.013, and 3.465 microg/ml, respectively) were within 1 log of MICs determined by the broth dilution test (BDT) using Middlebrook 7H9 medium. The MIC of pyrazinamide, which exhibits bactericidal activity only at a high dose by BDT (1,231 microg/ml at pH 6.6 and 492 microg/ml at pH 5.8), was 3.847 microg/ml in the modified method of SFA. On the other hand, sodium azide, a toxic agent for both mammalian cells and bacteria, exhibited cytotoxicity to fibroblasts at a dose lower than that required to inhibit mycobacterial growth. Thus, this fibroblast-based method enabled us to evaluate both antibacterial activity of drugs and their cytotoxicity to human cells within a short period of time.
Allelic loss on chromosome 11 in hereditary and sporadic tumors related to familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. (1991)

Familial multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (FMEN1) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by tumors of the parathyroid glands, pancreatic islets, and anterior pituitary. The gene for this disease maps to chromosome 11q12-11q13, and allelic loss in this region has been shown in both sporadic and FMEN1-related parathyroid tumors. FMEN1-related pancreatic islet tumors, and rarely in sporadic anterior pituitary tumors. We tested for allelic loss at 7 loci on chromosome 11 in 17 tumors outside the parathyroid. We found loss of heterozygosity in 2 of 2 FMEN1-related benign pancreatic islet tumors but in none of 8 informative sporadic islet tumors (P = 0.02) including 5 malignant gastrinomas. Of 3 islet tumors from patients who had some but not all features of FMEN1, one showed allelic loss for 5 of 5 informative restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and the other 2 retained heterozygosity for all informative markers. A bronchial carcinoid from an FMEN1 patient and 3 sporadic anterior pituitary tumors showed no allelic loss. These data provide new evidence that many sporadic pancreatic islet neoplasms, even when malignant, do not develop through homozygous inactivation of the MEN1 gene.
Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of 4‐Chlorophenyl Isocyanate (= 1‐chloro‐4‐isocyanatobenzene) Adducts with Amino Acids as Potential Dosimeters for the Biomonitoring of Isocyanate Exposure (1998)

Abstract Blood‐protein adducts are used as dosimeter for modifications of macromolecules in the target organs where the disease develops. The functional groups of cysteine, tyrosine, serine, lysine, tryptophan, histidine and N‐terminal amino acids are potential reaction sites for isocyanates. Especially the N‐terminal amino acids, valine and aspartic acid of hemoglobin and albumin, respectively, are reactive towards electrophilic xenobiotics. To develop methods for the quantification of such blood‐protein adducts, we treated 4‐chlorophenyl isocyanate ( 1 ) with the tripeptide L ‐valyl‐glycyl‐glycine ( 2a ) and with single amino acids yielding N ‐[(4‐chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]valyl‐glycyl‐glycine ( 3a ), N ‐[(4‐chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]valine ( 3b ), N ‐[(4‐chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]aspartic acid ( 3c ), N ‐(4‐chlorophenyl)carbamoyl glutamic acid ( 3d ), N ‐acetyl‐ S ‐[(4‐chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]cysteine ( 3e ), and N ‐acetyl‐ O ‐[(4‐chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]serine ( 3f ), N α ‐acetyl‐ N ε ‐[(4‐chlorophenyl)carbamoyl]lysine ( 3g ). For several chemicals, it was shown that blood‐protein adducts are good dosimeters of exposure and dosimeters for the target dose. The hydrolysis of the N‐terminal adducts of isocyanates release hydantoins which can be separated from the rest of the protein and analyzed using GC/MS or HPLC. This was achieved with 3a . The released hydantoin could be analyzed using GC/MS. We propose to analyze the N‐terminal adducts of isocyanates with blood protein to distinguish between arenamine and arylisocyanate exposure.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: Paving effective community college pathways by recognizing the Latino post-traditional student (2017)

View correction statement:Correction to Statement of Retraction: Paving effective community college pathways by recognizing the Latino post-traditional studentView retraction statement:Statement of Retraction: Paving effective community college pathways by recognizing the Latino post-traditional student
The melting points of synthetic apatites (1969)

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Combining a Multirate Repetitive Learning Controller With Command Shaping for Improved Flexible Manipulator Control (1999)

Comand shaping, a feedforward approach used to control flexible manipulators, performs most effectively when applied to a linear system. In practice, various nonlinearities are present in a given system that will deteriorate the performance of command shaping. In this work, a multirate repetitive learning controller (MRLC) is used in conjunction with a command shaping method known as the optimal arbitrary time-delay filter (OATF) for discrete-time joint control of a single flexible link manipulator containing nonlinearities. With very little a priori knowledge of the given system, a MRLC is able to cancel the repetitive tracking errors caused by nonlinearities at select frequencies and thereby achieve near-perfect tracking of a periodic reference trajectory. By doing this, a MRLC controls the joint of the flexible link manipulator to follow a given shaped command more closely, thus allowing the OATF to more effectively attenuate residual manipulator tip vibrations. It is shown both analytically and experimentally that this combined control strategy is more effective than a conventional PID and OATF controller at attenuating residual tip vibrations.