gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Computerized Double-Auction Markets: Some Initial Experimental Results (1980)

Over the last 2 decades there has evolved a considerable volume of literature describing the results of various experimental games in market decision making as well as their implications concerning economic theories of market price and quantity determination (see, e.g., Smith 1962, 1964, 1965, 1976b; Miller, Plott, and Smith 1977; Plott and Smith 1978; Williams 1979). The relevance of using controlled laboratory experiments to study resource allocation mechanisms has recently been addressed formally by V. L. Smith (1980), who has also provided fine summaries of the more important experimental results derived from contract price observations generated under various market institutions (Smith 1976b, 1980). The potential for increased efficiency obtainable through various auction mechanisms has been recognized for many years (Cassidy 1967). However, recent discussions of automating and computerizing auction markets have generally been in relation to the creation of a congressionally mandated national securities market (e.g., Wall Street Joutrnal 1978a, 1978b, 1978c). Charged with overseeing the developIn 1975 the Securities and Exchange Commission received a congressional mandate to move toward the creation of a national stock trading system. A potentially major step toward the development of such a system is the Cincinnati Stock Exchange's highly controversial pilot project which is currently testing an all electronic computerized trading mechanism. This paper reports on the design and analysis of a series of laboratory experiments which explore the behavior of computerautomated doubleauction markets where face-to-face buyer-seller interaction has been eliminated. The experiments also serve to demonstrate the use of the PLATO computer as a research tool for social scientists interested in laboratory experimental tech-
RF circuit design : theory and applications (2000)

1. Introduction. Importance of Radiofrequency Design. Dimensions and Units. Frequency Spectrum. RF Behavior of Passive Components. Chip Components and Circuit Board Considerations. Summary. 2. Transmission Line Analysis. Why Transmission Line Theory? Examples of Transmission Lines. Equivalent Circuit Representation. Theoretical Foundation. Circuit Parameters for a Parallel Plate Transmission Line. Summary of Different Line Configurations. General Transmission Line Equation. Microstrip Transmission Line. Terminated Lossless Transmission Line. Special Termination Conditions. Sourced and Loaded Transmission Line. Summary. 3. The Smith Chart. From Reflection Coefficient to Load Impedance. Impedance Transformation. Admittance Transformation. Parallel and Series Connections. Summary. 4. Single- and Multiport Networks. Basic Definitions. Interconnecting Networks. Network Properties and Applications. Scattering Parameters. Summary. 5. An Overview of RF Filter Design. Basic Resonator and Filter Configurations. Special Filter Realizations. Filter Implementation. Coupled Filter. Summary. 6. Active RF Components. Semiconductor Basics. RF Diodes. Bipolar-Junction Transistor. RF Field Effect Transistors. High Electron Mobility Transistors. Summary. 7. Active RF Component Modeling. Diode Models. Transistor Models. Measurement of Active Devices. Scattering Parameter Device Characterization. Summary. 8. Matching and Biasing Networks. Impedance Matching Using Discrete Components. Microstrip Line Matching Networks. Amplifier Classes of Operation and Biasing Networks. Summary. 9. RF Transistor Amplifier Designs. Characteristics of Amplifiers. Amplifier Power Relations. Stability Considerations. Constant Gain. Noise Figure Circles. Constant VSWR Circles. Broadband, High-Power, and Multistage Amplifiers. Summary. 10. Oscillators and Mixers. Basic Oscillator Model. High-Frequency Oscillator Configuration. Basic Characteristics of Mixers. Summary. Appendix A. Useful Physical Quantities and Units. Appendix B. Skin Equation for a Cylindrical Conductor. Appendix C. Complex Numbers. Basic Definition. Magnitude Computations. Circle Equation. Appendix D. Matrix Conversions. Appendix E. Physical Parameters of Semiconductors. Appendix F. Long and Short Diode Models. Long Diode. Short Diode. Appendix G. Couplers. Wilkinson Divider. Branch Line Coupler. Lange Coupler. Appendix H. Noise Analysis. Basic Definitions. Noisy Two-Port Networks. Noise Figure for Two-Port Network. Noise Figure for Cascaded Multiport Network. Appendix I. Introduction to Matlab. Background. Brief Example of Stability Evaluation. Simulation Software on Compact Disk. Index.
Idiotypes as immunogens: facing the challenge of inducing strong therapeutic immune responses against the variable region of immunoglobulins (2012)

Idiotype (Id)-based immunotherapy has been exploited as cancer treatment option. Conceived as therapy for malignancies bearing idiotypic antigens, it has been also extended to solid tumors because of the capacity of anti-idiotypic antibodies to mimic Id-unrelated antigens. In both these two settings, efforts are being made to overcome the poor immune responsiveness often experienced when using self immunoglobulins as immunogens. Despite bearing a unique gene combination, and thus particular epitopes, it is normally difficult to stimulate the immune response against antibody variable regions. Different strategies are currently used to strengthen Id immunogenicity, such as concomitant use of immune-stimulating molecules, design of Id-containing immunogenic recombinant proteins, specific targeting of relevant immune cells, and genetic immunization. This review focuses on the role of anti-Id vaccination in cancer management and on the current developments used to foster anti-idiotypic B and T cell responses.
Measuring User Similarity Using Electric Circuit Analysis: Application to Collaborative Filtering (2012)

We propose a new technique of measuring user similarity in collaborative filtering using electric circuit analysis. Electric circuit analysis is used to measure the potential differences between nodes on an electric circuit. In this paper, by applying this method to transaction networks comprising users and items, i.e., user-item matrix, and by using the full information about the relationship structure of users in the perspective of item adoption, we overcome the limitations of one-to-one similarity calculation approach, such as the Pearson correlation, Tanimoto coefficient, and Hamming distance, in collaborative filtering. We found that electric circuit analysis can be successfully incorporated into recommender systems and has the potential to significantly enhance predictability, especially when combined with user-based collaborative filtering. We also propose four types of hybrid algorithms that combine the Pearson correlation method and electric circuit analysis. One of the algorithms exceeds the performance of the traditional collaborative filtering by 37.5% at most. This work opens new opportunities for interdisciplinary research between physics and computer science and the development of new recommendation systems.
Beyond relational (2013)

Over the past thirty years, clinical research has benefited substantially from the adoption of electronic medical record systems. As deployment has increased, so too has the number of researchers seeking to improve the overall analytical environment by way of tools and models. Although much work has been done, there are still many uninvestigated areas; two of which are explored in this dissertation. The first pertains to the physical storage of the data itself. There are two generally accepted storage models: relational and entity-attribute-value (EAV). For clinical data, EAV systems are preferred due to their natural way of managing manyto-many relationships, sparse attributes, and dynamic processes along with minimal conversion effort and reduction in federation complexities. However, the relational database management systems on which they are implemented are not intended to organize and retrieve data in this format; eroding their performance gains. To combat this effect, we present the foundation for an EAV Database Management System (EDBMS). We discuss data conversion methodologies, formulate the requisite metadata and partitioned type-sensing index structures, and provide detailed runtime and experimental analysis with five extant methods. Our results show that the prototype, EAVDB, reduces space and conversion requirements while enhancing overall query performance. The second topic concerns query performance in a federated environment. One method used to decrease query execution time is to pre-compute and store “ben-
Three-dimensional CFD simulations to study the effect of impeller geometry on internal flow field in ADS upward spiral flow target (2018)

The relationship between flow field characteristics and geometrical structures is an important issue in designing liquid metal spallation target for accelerator-driven sub-critical system (ADS). Upward spiral flow target (USFT) is a new type ADS windowless target in which an impeller is employed to generate upward spiral flow and regulate internal flow field. The impeller comprises a central shaft and several identical blades, and its geometry is very crucial for designing the target. In this paper, series models with different geometric parameters of the shaft and the blades are simulated by ANSYS CFX to analyse the distributions of internal flow field and the dimensions of stagnation zone in USFT. The results show that the shaft plays a primary role in guiding the upward flow while the blades are significant for generating the spiral flow. Finally, an optimized model with preferred geometric parameters is obtained by comparing the overall simulation results. The whole research has foundational signification for further studying USFT.
Fuzzy Logic Based Prosumer Agent in a Modular Smart Grid Prosumer Architecture (2015)

The investment to DERs (Distributed Energy Resources) in the emerging smart energy grids are critical to achieving goals for environmental protection, reducing energy costs and coping with failures. An architecture and market mechanism is needed to support the participation of owners of DERs that aim to maximize the profit from this investment within a system that is also able to achieve grid level objectives. Due to privacy requirements, owners of DERs should not be requested to divulge information such as the state of charge of a local energy store, and yet such information is very relevant for operating the grid in such a way that meets the objectives of the owner of the grid, who may operate a large power plant that is ultimately responsible for satisfying the load that cannot be covered by DERs. This paper builds on previous work to propose a modular multi-agent architecture in which prosumer agents represent DER owners and an auctioneer agent represents the power plant operator. The architecture allows the different agents to use different algorithms aiming at satisfying local and grid level objectives while meeting the privacy requirement. In particular, a fuzzy logic based algorithm is developed for the distributed automation platform that supports the architecture. The capability of the architecture to flexibly evaluate the performance of various algorithms from the DER owner and plant operator perspective is demonstrated with a case study in the district heating domain.
Soft-Decision-Driven Sparse Channel Estimation and Turbo Equalization for MIMO Underwater Acoustic Communications (2018)

Multi-input multi-output (MIMO) detection based on turbo principle has been shown to provide a great enhancement in the throughput and reliability of underwater acoustic (UWA) communication systems. Benefits of the iterative detection in MIMO systems, however, can be obtained only when a high quality channel estimation is ensured. In this paper, we develop a new soft-decision-driven sparse channel estimation and turbo equalization scheme in the triply selective MIMO UWA. First, the Homotopy recursive least square dichotomous coordinate descent (Homotopy RLS-DCD) adaptive algorithm, recently proposed for sparse single-input single-output system identification, is extended to adaptively estimate rapid time-varying MIMO sparse channels. Next, the more reliable a posteriori soft-decision symbols, instead of the hard decision symbols or the a priori soft-decision symbols, at the equalizer output, are not only feedback to the Homotopy RLS-DCD-based channel estimator but also to the minimum mean-square-error (MMSE) equalizer. As the turbo iterations progress, the accuracy of channel estimation and the quality of the MMSE equalizer are improved gradually, leading to the enhancement in the turbo equalization performance. This also allows the reduction in pilot overhead. The proposed receiver has been tested by using the data collected from the SHLake2013 experiment. The performance of the receiver is evaluated for various modulation schemes, channel estimators, and MIMO sizes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed a posteriori soft-decision-driven sparse channel estimation based on the Homotopy RLS-DCD algorithm and turbo equalization offer considerable improvement in system performance over other turbo equalization schemes.
Genetics, atopy asthma (1996)

Asthma is a complex disease which is due to the interaction of an unknown number of genes with strong environmental factors. Segregation analysis suggests the presence of major genes underlying asthma and atopy. Different genetic effects have been recognized which predispose to generalized atopy, or modify the atopic response to particular allergens, or enhance bronchial inflammation, or modify bronchial tone. These known genes or genetic loci do not account for all of the familial clustering of asthma and atopy. Many studies are now under way to identify the remaining genes.
Self-Assembling Biomaterials:  <scp>l</scp>-Lysine-Dendron-Substituted Cholesteryl-(<scp>l</scp>-lactic acid)<i><sub>n</sub></i> (2002)

This report describes the synthesis and supramolecular organization of a novel class of linear−dendritic block copolymers. The molecules, which are termed rodcoil dendrons, consist of a cholesterol moiety that is attached to l-lysine dendrons of three different generations via a biodegradable oligo(l-lactic acid)n̄ spacer. Whereas the molecules exhibit very poor ordering in the dry state, different supramolecular morphologies were observed in the hydrated state. Cholesteryl-(l-lactic acid) -(l-lysine)G1 and cholesteryl-(l-lactic acid) -(l-lysine)G2 self-assemble into lamellar structures with periodicities that depend on degree of hydration. At low degrees of hydration, lamellar ordering was also observed for cholesteryl-(l-lactic acid) -(l-lysine)G3. However, at 50 wt %, water steric hindrance in the highly hydrated l-lysine dendrons no longer allows lamellar ordering, and discrete nanosized aggregates are formed. Evidence for the formation of such nanoaggregates was obtained from dynamic light scattering, electron microscopy, and atomic force microscopy. These rodcoil dendron biomaterials could be of potential interest as temporary molecular scaffolds for cell and tissue engineering.
Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a Streptomyces coelicolor A3 (2) argCJB gene cluster (1994)

From a partial Sau3AI library of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) DNA in pIJ916, two hybrid plasmids pGX1 and pGX2 were isolated that complemented S. coelicolor A3(2) or S. lividans arginine auxotrophs. Subcloning DNA from pGX1 in the Escherichia coli expression vector pRK9 containing the Serratia marcescens trp promoter gave rise to one plasmid, pZC2, that complemented E. coli argB, C, E and H auxotrophs, and another, pZC1, that complemented only the first three. The plasmids were markedly unstable in the various complemented hosts, to varying extents; pZC1 was characterized further as providing the stablest host/plasmid combinations. In vitro deletion of part of the vector's trp promoter did not affect complementation of the argB and C auxotrophs, implying that the S. coelicolor A3(2) arg genes may be expressed from their own promoter. The trp promoter-less plasmids included isolates, such as pZC177, that had suffered extensive further deletion without loss of complementing ability. Extracts of an E. coli argE auxotroph carrying pZC177 showed ornithine acetyltransferase activity, indicating that the complementing gene is of the argJ type. The complementation properties of in vitro deletion derivatives of pZC177 indicated the gene order argC-J-B. Part of argC and the upstream region were sequenced; an ORF was identified whose predicted product showed appreciable homology with the E. coli and Bacillus subtilis ArgC polypeptide. Upstream of this ORF a consensus-type promoter and ribosome binding site could be discerned; overlapping its promoter was a sequence with homology to arginine operators in these two other organisms.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Experiences with the KOALA co-allocating scheduler in multiclusters (2005)

In multicluster systems, and more generally, in grids, jobs may require co-allocation, i.e., the simultaneous allocation of resources such as processors and input files in multiple clusters. While such jobs may have reduced runtimes because they have access to more resources, waiting for processors in multiple clusters and for the input files to become available in the right locations, may introduce inefficiencies. Moreover, as single jobs now have to rely on multiple resource managers, co-allocation introduces reliability problems. In this paper, we present two additions to the original design of our KOALA co-allocating scheduler (different priority levels of jobs and incrementally claiming processors), and we report on our experiences with KOALA in our multicluster testbed while it was unstable.
Lethal osteogenesis imperfecta resulting from a single nucleotide change in one human pro alpha 1(I) collagen allele. (1986)

We have characterized a mutation in a pro alpha 1(I) procollagen gene (COL1A1) that results in lethal (type II) osteogenesis imperfecta. The mutation is a single base change that results in a cysteine-for-glycine substitution at position 988 of the triple-helical portion of half of the alpha 1(I) chains of type I collagen. The mutation thus disrupts the (Gly-Xaa-Yaa)n pattern necessary for triple-helix formation, where Xaa and Yaa are other amino acids. These experiments establish the minimal mutation in a type I collagen gene capable of producing lethal disease, and the lethality demonstrates a selective mechanism for the stringent maintenance of the collagen gene structure.
Physiological Characterization of a Heme-Deficient Mutant of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> by a Proteomic Approach (2003)

The high-resolution two-dimensional (2D) protein gel electrophoresis technique combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry was used for identification of proteins whose levels were changed by a mutation in hemB. Cytoplasmic protein extracts obtained from the mutant and the wild type (strain COL) at different stages of growth in tryptone soya broth (exponential, transitional, and stationary growth phases) were separated on 2D protein gels. Comparison of the 2D patterns of the protein extracts of the two strains revealed major differences. Because the electron transport chain of the mutant is interrupted due to the deficiency of heme, this organism should be unable to use oxygen or nitrate as a terminal electron acceptor. Consistent with this hypothesis, proteins involved in the glycolytic pathway and related pathways (glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, enolase, and phosphoglycerate kinase) and in fermentation pathways (lactate dehydrogenase, alcohol dehydrogenase, and pyruvate formate lyase) were induced in exponentially growing cells of the mutant. These results strongly indicate that the hemB mutant generates ATP from glucose or fructose only by substrate phosphorylation. Analyses of the fermentation reactions showed that the main product was lactate. Although pyruvate formate lyase (Pfl) and pyruvate dehydrogenase were present, neither ethanol nor acetate was detected in significant amounts. Presumably, Pfl was not activated in the presence of oxygen, and pyruvate dehydrogenase might have very low activity. Transcriptional analysis of citB, encoding the aconitase, revealed that the activity of the citrate cycle enzymes was down-regulated in the hemB mutant. The arginine deiminase pathway was also induced, and it could provide ATP as well. Furthermore, the amounts of most of the extracellular virulence factors were significantly reduced by a mutation in hemB, which is consistent with previous reports.
OPTIMIZATION OF CATALYST DISTRIBUTION IN THE CATALYTIC NAPHTHA REFORMER OF TEHRAN REFINERY (2008)

Muscle atrophy is a prevalent condition in illness and aging. Identifying novel pathways that control muscle mass may lead to therapeutic advancement. We previously identified Nur77 as a transcriptional regulator of glycolysis in skeletal muscle. More recently, we showed that Nur77 expression also controls myofiber size in mice. It was unknown, however, whether Nur77's regulation of muscle size begins during developmental myogenesis or only in adulthood. To determine the importance of Nur77 throughout muscle growth, we examined myofiber size at E18.5, 3 weeks postnatal age, and in young adult mice. Using the global Nur77-/- mice, we showed that Nur77 deficiency reduced myofiber size as early as E18.5. The reduction in myofiber size became more pronounced by 3 weeks of age. We observed comparable reduction in myofiber size in young myofiber-specific Nur77-knockout mice. These findings suggest that Nur77's effect on muscle growth is intrinsic to its expression in differentiating myofibers, and not dependent on its expression in myogenic stem cells. To determine the importance of Nur77 expression in muscle accretion in mature mice, we generated an inducible-, muscle-specific, Nur77-deficient mouse model. We demonstrated that tamoxifen-induced deletion of Nur77 in 3-month-old mice reduced myofiber size. This change was accompanied by increased activity of Smad2 and FoxO3, two negative regulators of muscle mass. The role of Nur77 in muscle growth was further elaborated in the cardiotoxin-induced muscle regeneration model. Compared to wildtype mice, regenerated myofibers were smaller in Nur77-/- mice. However, when normalized to saline-injected muscle, the recovery of sarcoplasmic area was comparable between Nur77-/- and wildtype mice. These findings suggest that Nur77 deficiency compromises myofiber growth, but not the regenerative capacity of myogenic progenitor cells. Collectively, the findings presented here demonstrate Nur77 as an important regulator of muscle growth both during prenatal and postnatal myogenesis.