gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Concentrated Conditioned Media from Adipose Tissue Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells Mitigates Visual Deficits and Retinal Inflammation Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury (2018)

Blast concussions are a common injury sustained in military combat today. Inflammation due to microglial polarization can drive the development of visual defects following blast injuries. In this study, we assessed whether anti-inflammatory factors released by the mesenchymal stem cells derived from adipose tissue (adipose stem cells, ASC) can limit retinal tissue damage and improve visual function in a mouse model of visual deficits following mild traumatic brain injury. We show that intravitreal injection of 1 μL of ASC concentrated conditioned medium from cells pre-stimulated with inflammatory cytokines (ASC-CCM) mitigates loss of visual acuity and contrast sensitivity four weeks post blast injury. Moreover, blast mice showed increased retinal expression of genes associated with microglial activation and inflammation by molecular analyses, retinal glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity, and increased loss of ganglion cells. Interestingly, blast mice that received ASC-CCM improved in all parameters above. In vitro, ASC-CCM not only suppressed microglial activation but also protected against Tumor necrosis alpha (TNFα) induced endothelial permeability as measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. Biochemical and molecular analyses demonstrate TSG-6 is highly expressed in ASC-CCM from cells pre-stimulated with TNFα and IFNγ but not from unstimulated cells. Our findings suggest that ASC-CCM mitigates visual deficits of the blast injury through their anti-inflammatory properties on activated pro-inflammatory microglia and endothelial cells. A regenerative therapy for immediate delivery at the time of injury may provide a practical and cost-effective solution against the traumatic effects of blast injuries to the retina.
Identification of Quantitative Trait Loci Conferring Resistance to Bemisia tabaci in an F2 Population of Solanum lycopersicum × Solanum habrochaites Accession LA1777 (2010)

Solanum habrochaites S. Knapp and D.M. Spooner accession LA1777 have reported resistance to the sweetpotato whitefly (SPWF), Bemisia tabaci (Genn.). An interspecific F 2 population of 171 plants between tomato [ Solanum lycopersicum L. (formerly Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)] and LA1777 was bioassayed against adult SPWF in a greenhouse using clip cages. A selective genotyping analysis was used with 11 resistant and 10 susceptible plants to locate resistance genes by testing them with molecular markers spanning most of the tomato genome at about 10-cM intervals. Markers in four regions were found to be associated with resistance, where three of them showed significantly strong associations and one showed a weak association through chi-square and analyses of variance. However, through quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using molecular markers, all four regions were identified as major QTLs with logarithm of odds (LOD) values of 4.87 to 5.95. The four QTLs were identified near the markers TG313 on chromosome 10, C2_At2g41680 on chromosome 9, TG523/T0408 on chromosome 11, and TG400/cLEG-37-G17 on chromosome 11. Multiple regression analysis produced similar results as above with fixed effects of single loci as well as interaction among some of the QTLs.
Visual Exploration and Analysis of Historic Hotel Visits (2007)

Understanding the spatial and temporal characteristics of individual and group behavior in social networks is a critical component of visual tools for intelligence analysis, emergency management, consumer analysis, and human geography. Identification and analysis of patterns of recurring events is an essential feature of such tools. In this paper, we describe an interactive visual tool for exploring the visitation patterns of guests at two hotels in central Pennsylvania from 1894 to 1900. The centerpiece of the tool is a wrapping spreadsheet technique, called reruns, that reveals regular and irregular periodic patterns of events in multiple overlapping artificial and natural calendars. Implemented as a coordinated multiple view visualization in Improvise, the tool is in ongoing development through an iterative process of data collection, transcription, hypothesis, design, discovery, analysis, and evaluation in close collaboration with historical geographers. Numerous discoveries have driven additional data collection from archival newspaper and census sources, as well as plans to enhance analysis of spatial patterns using historic weather records and railroad schedules. Distributed online evaluations of usability and usefulness have resulted in feature and design recommendations that are being incorporated into the tool.
The influence of syngeneic anti‐idiotypic antibody on the biodistribution of an anti‐tumour monoclonal antibody in balb/c mice (1989)

BALB/c mice were immunized against syngeneic murine 791T/36 monoclonal antibody (MAb) by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of the antibody conjugated to ricin toxin A chain. Subsequently, in these and control mice, the biodistribution of radioiodinated 791T/36 antibody and isotype-matched (IgG2b) control immunoglobulin was examined. Pre-treated mice showed marked perturbation of biodistribution of the 791T/36 antibody but not of control IgG2b. This was manifest as rapid hepatic clearance of the antibody which was followed by accelerated catabolism and excretion of the radiolabel. Anti-idiotypic antibodies were identified in immunotoxin pretreated mice by their ability to inhibit the binding of FITC-labelled 791T/36 antibody to tumour target cells. These studies show that antibody responses, even to only the idiotype of a MAb, may produce marked perturbation of its biodistribution. This has implications for the clinical use of human or chimeric MAbs for tumour imaging or targeting of therapeutic agents since, if anti-idiotypic antibodies are evoked, they could still prevent tumour localization of antibody or conjugate.
Ultrasensitive detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen by a hybrid nanomechanical-optoplasmonic platform with potential for detecting HIV-1 at first week after infection (2017)

Early detection of HIV infection is the best way to prevent spread of the disease and to improve the efficiency of the antiretroviral therapy. Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) have become the gold-standard for detecting low-concentrations of the virus in blood. However, these methods are technically demanding and cost-prohibitive in developing countries. Immunoassays are more affordable and can be more easily adapted for point-of-care diagnosis. However, the sensitivity so far of these methods has been too low. We here report the development of a sandwich immunoassay that combines nanomechanical and optoplasmonic transduction methods for detecting the HIV-1 capsid antigen p24 in human serum. The immunoreactions take place on the surface of a compliant microcantilever where gold nanoparticles are used as both mechanical and plasmonic labels. The microcantilever acts as both a mechanical resonator and an optical cavity for the transduction of the mechanical and plasmonic signals. The limit of detection of the immunoassay is 10-17 g/mL that is equivalent to one virion in 10 mL of plasma. This is 5 orders of magnitude better than last generation of approved immunoassays and 2 orders of magnitude better than NAAT. This technology meets the demands to be produced en masse at low cost and the capability for miniaturization to be used at the point-of-care.
Antifouling, fouling release and antimicrobial materials for surface modification of reverse osmosis and nanofiltration membranes (2017)

Membrane fouling, which arises from the nonspecific interaction between the membrane surface and foulants, significantly impedes the efficient application of membrane technology.
Ueber Diazosulfide (1893)

Die ortlioarnitlirten aroinatixlien Mercaptanc zcigen naclr 9. W. v. IIofmaiin's bcBanntcn Untcrsuchungen I) in ilirriii Verhalten gcgcn orgaiiisclic Sliurcri
Inhaled budesonide for the prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (2016)

Theoretically, administration of inhaled corticosteroids may allow for beneficial effects on the pulmonary system of infants with evolving or established bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) with a lower risk of undesirable side effects compared to systemic corticosteroids. However, before deciding whether to use inhaled corticosteroids for BPD in routine clinical practice, the available randomized study data need to be considered. Currently published systematic reviews from the Cochrane Collaboration conclude that there is no role for inhaled corticosteroids in neither prevention nor treatment of BPD outside clinical trials. In contrast multiple observational studies indicate that a large number of preterm infants in Europe, North America and East Asia receive inhaled corticosteroids for this indication in routine clinical care. This discrepancy between evidence and practice prompted a large randomized controlled trial (RCT) investigating the role of inhaled budesonide for the prevention of BPD which was recently published and showed a significant reduction in the incidence of BPD. However, the primary outcome (a composite of death or BPD at 36 weeks postmenstrual age) was only of borderline significance as a result of a non-significant trend to increased mortality in the budesonide group. Results of the long-term follow up from this study should be considered when defining the future role of inhaled corticosteroids for BPD. Additionally, updated systematic reviews will help to determine whether the observed mortality difference between the two comparison groups represents truth or artifact.
Analysis of time resolution in dynamic computed tomography for perfusion studies (2005)

Image quality In dynamic tomographic imaging can be improved by taking into account the dynamic nature of the object directly in the reconstruction process. In this article we present a theoretical analysis of the time resolution in dynamic CT. Data sets acquired over several full-turns are interpreted as samples of a continuous signal. Consequently data at any time instant can be achieved by interpolation techniques. A n-th order B-spline interpolation approach is proposed. In order to be prepared for motion correction techniques, interpolation is performed in image space in the partial block backprojection framework. In simulation studies the interpolation method is compared with a linear regression technique and a conventional short-scan reconstruction algorithm. The interpolation approach achieves best time resolution at similar noise properties than the conventional short-scan reconstruction. The linear regression algorithm shows significant denoising with detriment to time resolution
Calpain chronicle&mdash;an enzyme family under multidisciplinary characterization (2011)

Calpain is an intracellular Ca2+-dependent cysteine protease (EC 3.4.22.17; Clan CA, family C02) discovered in 1964. It was also called CANP (Ca2+-activated neutral protease) as well as CASF, CDP, KAF, etc. until 1990. Calpains are found in almost all eukaryotes and a few bacteria, but not in archaebacteria. Calpains have a limited proteolytic activity, and function to transform or modulate their substrates’ structures and activities; they are therefore called, “modulator proteases.” In the human genome, 15 genes—CAPN1, CAPN2, etc.—encode a calpain-like protease domain. Their products are calpain homologs with divergent structures and various combinations of functional domains, including Ca2+-binding and microtubule-interaction domains. Genetic studies have linked calpain deficiencies to a variety of defects in many different organisms, including lethality, muscular dystrophies, gastropathy, and diabetes. This review of the study of calpains focuses especially on recent findings about their structure–function relationships. These discoveries have been greatly aided by the development of 3D structural studies and genetic models.(Communicated by Masanori OTSUKA, M.J.A.)
Asymmetric Reactions and Processes in Chemistry (1982)

Asymmetric synthesis of natural products embraces one of four different strategies - 1) resolution of a convenient intermediate or final product, 2) utilization of enantiomerically pure starting materials, 3) asymmetric induction at the stage of an achiral intermediate, and 4) enantioconvergency. Each of these is illustrated. A new type of enantioconvergency embodying a [3.3] sigmatropic rearrangement is employed for the synthesis of prostanoids. Asymmetric induction strategy is examined in the context of a model for asymmetric induction in the Diels-Alder reaction. The enantiomerically pure and partially pure adducts are employed in the synthesis of iboga alkaloids and pillaromycinone. Erythrynolides are the framework for strategies embodying resolution and enantiomerically pure building blocks. For the former, both enantiomers of a key building block are utilized to synthesize different halves of the molecule. In the latter, a single enantiomerically pure intermediate is utilized for the synthesis of the two halves of the molecule in a convergent approach. Emphasis is placed on the general utility of O-methylmandelic acid as 1) an enantiomeric inducing agent, 2) a resolution agent via HPLC, 3) an analytical tool to determine % ee, and 4) a tool for deducing absolute configuration.
Hydrogen enhancement of silicon thermal donor formation (1993)

Oxygen-related thermal donor formation in Czochralski silicon is characterized by the capacitance-voltage and deep level transient spectroscopy techniques as a function of 450 °C anneal time following hydrogenation. Increases in the formation rate and number of thermal donor (TD) defects found after hydrogenation are reported. This study finds an increase in TD+/++ concentration in the near-surface region at short anneal times, but at longer times an elevated concentration was not observed. No acceleration through the sequence of thermal donor defects was detected. This fails to support the model of hydrogen lowering the barrier to oxygen diffusion and accelerating the TDn→TDn+1 transitions. This study does, however, support a model in which the hydrogen increases the available thermal donor core sites.
Ontstaan van natuursteen (1998)

Pannekoek en Van Straaten [1] hebben een goede, Nederlandstalige inleiding over de diverse geologische aspecten van gesteentevorming geschreven. Een gesteente is een chemische en fysische eenheid van de aardkorst, meestal samengesteld uit Ã©Ã©n of meer mineralen. Naast de mineralogische samenstelling is het maaksel kenmerkend voor een gesteente. Met maaksel wordt de ruimtelijke rangschikking van de mineralen in een gesteente aangeduid. Het maaksel beschrijft de structuur en de textuur van een gesteente. De structuur omvat scalaire eigenschappen, zoals de korrelgrootte; de textuur omvat de vectoriÃ«le (richtingsafhankelijke) eigenschappen, zoals de gelaagdheid.
Surrogate end-point biomarkers as measures of colon cancer risk and their use in cancer chemoprevention trials. (1997)

Surrogate end-point biomarkers (SEBs) have become widely used in short-term cancer chemoprevention trials in place of cancer end points. This paper discusses criteria relevant to the selection and validation of SEBs for colon cancer risk and the use of SEBs in colon cancer chemoprevention trials. As with a number of other cancers, colon carcinogenesis is the result of a multistep process in which an increasing number of alterations, including specific gene mutations, occur as cells progress from normal to precancerous states of increasing size and dysplasia to cancer and finally to metastatic disease. Ideally, a SEB would show differential expression between the various phases of colon carcinogenesis (i.e., normal, premalignant, and malignant tissues) and be associated with risk of colon cancer. Some SEBs that do not meet these criteria may still be useful for demonstrating the effect of a particular agent. It is also necessary that a SEB be measured in tissues (or other sample material) accessible for multiple and sequential sampling and allow for development of appropriate quality control procedures. Some SEBs must have the potential for modulation by chemopreventive agents. Validation of SEBs for use in chemoprevention studies requires that a relationship between the marker and subsequent risk of cancer be established. Also, the assay reliability and accuracy for each SEB must be determined adequately in well-designed prospective studies.
<i>In situ</i> forces in the human posterior cruciate ligament in response to muscle loads: A cadaveric study (1999)

The objectives of this study were to determine the effects of hamstrings and quadriceps muscle loads on knee kinematics and in situ forces in the posterior cruciate ligament of the knee and to evaluate how the effects of these muscle loads change with knee flexion. Nine human cadaveric knees were studied with a robotic manipulator/universal force-moment sensor testing system. The knees were subjected to an isolated hamstrings load (40 N to both the biceps and the semimembranosus), a combined hamstrings and quadriceps load (the hamstrings load and a 200-N quadriceps load), and an isolated quadriceps load of 200 N. Each load was applied with the knee at full extension and at 30, 60, 90, and 120 degrees of flexion. Without muscle loads, in situ forces in the posterior cruciate ligament were small, ranging from 6+/-5 N at 30 degrees of flexion to 15+/-3 N at 90 degrees. Under an isolated hamstrings load, the in situ force in the posterior cruciate ligament increased significantly throughout all angles of knee flexion, from 13+/-6 N at full extension to 86+/-19 N at 90 degrees. A posterior tibial translation ranging from 1.3+/-0.6 to 2.5+/-0.5 mm was also observed from full extension to 30 degrees of flexion under the hamstrings load. With a combined hamstrings and quadriceps load, tibial translation was 2.2+/-0.7 mm posteriorly at 120 degrees of flexion ut was as high as 4.6+/-1.7 mm anteriorly at 30 degrees. The in situ force in the posterior cruciate ligament decreased significantly under this loading condition compared with under an isolated hamstrings load, ranging from 6+/-7 to 58+/-13 N from 30 to 120 degrees of flexion. With an isolated quadriceps load of 200 N, the in situ forces in the posterior cruciate ligament ranged from 4+/-3 N at 60 degrees of flexion to 34+/-12 N at 120 degrees. Our findings support the notion that, compared with an isolated hamstrings load, combined hamstrings and quadriceps loads significantly reduce the in situ force in the posterior cruciate ligament. These data are in direct contrast to those for the anterior cruciate ligament. Furthermore, we have demonstrated that the effects of muscle loads depend significantly on the angle of knee flexion.
A Physical Transmission Security Layer For Wireless Multiple Access Communication Systems (2007)

Publication in the conference proceedings of EUSIPCO, Poznan, Poland, 2007
Isolation and structure determination of crisamicin A, a new antibiotic from Micromonospora purpureochromogenes subsp. halotolerans. (1986)

A new antibiotic, crisamicin A, with in vitro activity against Gram-positive bacteria, B16 murine melanoma cells, and herpes simplex, vaccinia, and vesicular stomatitis viruses, has been isolated from Micromonospora purpureochromogenes subsp. halotolerans. On the basis of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopic, high resolution field desorption mass spectrometric, and circular dichroism studies of the antibiotic and several of its derivatives, the structure of crisamicin A has been assigned.
Fbw7 dimerization determines the specificity and robustness of substrate degradation (2013)

The Fbw7 tumor suppressor targets a broad network of proteins for ubiquitylation. Here we show critical functions for Fbw7 dimerization in regulating the specificity and robustness of degradation. Dimerization enables Fbw7 to target substrates through concerted binding to two suboptimal and independent recognition sites. Accordingly, an endogenous dimerization-deficient Fbw7 mutation stabilizes suboptimal substrates. Dimerization increases Fbw7's robustness by preserving its function in the setting of mutations that disable Fbw7 monomers, thereby buffering against pathogenic mutations. Finally, dimerization regulates Fbw7 stability, and this likely involves Fbw7 trans-autoubiquitylation. Our study reveals novel functions of Fbw7 dimerization and an unanticipated complexity in substrate degradation.
Expression of Recombinant Alkaline Phosphatase Conjugates in <I>Escherichia coli</I> (2004)

The methods described in this article are relative to the use of a positive cloning/screening recombinant system for the generation in Escherichia coli of foreign proteins fused to a highly active bacterial alkaline phosphatase (PhoA) variant as reporter enzyme. Appropriate insertion of the DNA encoding the foreign peptides, proteic domains, or proteins between codons +6 and +7 of the phoa gene restores the initial frame of the phoa gene in the vector. Consequently, only recombinant clones appear as blue colonies when plating onto an agar medium containing a chromogenic substrate for PhoA. The presence of an intact PhoA signal peptide yields to a systematic secretion of the fusion proteins into the periplasm where the PhoA dimerises to its active form, and disulfides can be formed if necessary. The resultant PhoA-tagged proteins are particularly convenient novel tools that can be used in a wide range of applications, including expression, epitope mapping, histochemistry, immunoblotting, mutant analysis, and competition or sandwich ELISAs. Expression of an scFv antibody fragment derived from an IgG2a/kappa immunoglobulin specific for curaremimetic toxins from snake (named M-alpha2-3), will be used to illustrate the methods utilized for its cloning, expression in E.coli, extraction, and functional characterization.
Premedication reduces the incidence of systemic reactions during inhalant rush immunotherapy with mixtures of allergenic extracts. (1994)

Premedication significantly reduces the incidence of systemic reactions during rush immunotherapy and is therefore recommended. Degree of skin sensitivity to the injected extract may eventually prove to be a clinically useful predictor for the development of systemic reactions.
Overview of Results of Randomized Clinical Trials in Heart Disease (1988)

WHEN Daniel<sup>1</sup>requested that he and his compatriots be served pulse and water while Nebuchadnezzar's other young servants be served the king's food and wine, he was inaugurating the first recorded clinical trial. Today we would criticize Daniel's attempt to demonstrate the superiority of his simple diet. He failed to assign the two diets at random; neither the experimental subjects nor the eunuchs who were to measure the ten-day outcome, fairness of countenance, were blinded to the treatment; and the sample size, four subjects on the experimental diet and a larger unspecified number on kingly fare, was too small to be likely to detect a difference in outcome. Despite, or perhaps because of, the faulty design, the results supported Daniel's hypothesis. "And at the end of ten days their countenances appeared fairer, and they were fatter in flesh, than all the youths that did eat of the king's food."
Single-Site, Catalytic Water Oxidation on Oxide Surfaces (2009)

Electrocatalytic water oxidation occurs through the use of the phosphonate-derivatized single-site catalyst [Ru(Mebimpy)(4,4'-((HO)(2)OPCH(2))(2)bpy)(OH(2))](2+) [Mebimpy = 2,6-bis(1-methylbenzimidazol-2-yl)pyridine; bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine] at pH 1 and 5 on fluorine-doped SnO(2) or Sn(IV)-doped In(2)O(3) electrodes or on nanocrystalline TiO(2). The surface-bound catalyst appears to retain the water oxidation mechanism found for [Ru(tpy)(bpm)(OH(2))](2+) and [Ru(tpy)(bpz)(OH(2))](2+) (tpy = 2,2':6',2''-terpyridine; bpm = 2,2'-bipyrimidine; bpz = 2,2'-bipyrazine) in solution and acts as a surface electrocatalyst for sustained water oxidation.