gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chinese document indexing based on a new partitioned signature file: Model and evaluation (2001)

Abstract In this article we investigate the use of signature files in Chinese information retrieval system and propose a new partitioning method for Chinese signature file based on the characteristic of Chinese words. Our partitioning method, called Partitioned Signature File for Chinese (PSFC), offers faster search efficiency than the traditional single signature file approach. We devise a general scheme for controlling the trade‐off between the false drop and storage overhead while maintaining the search space reduction in PSFC. An analytical study is presented to support the claims of our method. We also propose two new hashing methods for Chinese signature files so that the signature file will be more suitable for dynamic environment while the retrieval performance is maintained. Furthermore, we have implemented PSFC and the new hashing methods, and we evaluated them using a large‐scale real‐world Chinese document corpus, namely, the TREC‐5 (Text REtrieval Conference) Chinese collection. The experimental results confirm the features of PSFC and demonstrate its superiority over the traditional single signature file method.
Real-time ghost removal for composing high dynamic range images (2010)

It is known that high dynamic range image can be recovered by a set of conventional images shooting at the same scene but with different exposure levels. However, ghost artifacts are commonly seen due to the movement of the object between different captures. In this paper, we propose a real-time algorithm to detect and remove the ghost artifact based on four simple procedures: 1) Inter-pixel Relationship Function estimation for mapping differently exposed images into the same exposure level; 2) bi-directional comparison for further enhancing the detection accuracy, especially at the underexposed and saturated areas; 3) moving object classification with edge artifacts removal; 4) moving object correction for fixing the missing dynamic range. The new algorithm delivers robust ghost removal in O(n) time. To further reduce the processing time, the ghost removal process can be executed in parallel with the photo capturing process.
Heterocyclic azonia derivatives including new spiro ring systems (1965)

Abstract A variety of heterocyclic azonia derivatives have been prepared by reaction of alkoxy‐methylamines with haloalcohols and haloalkylthiols. Many of these represent new heterocyclic azoniaspiro ring systems. Evidence has been presented for structural assignments.
The zebrafish <i>detour</i> gene is essential for cranial but not spinal motor neuron induction (1999)

The zebrafish detour (dtr) mutation generates a novel neuronal phenotype. In dtr mutants, most cranial motor neurons, especially the branchiomotor, are missing. However, spinal motor neurons are generated normally. The loss of cranial motor neurons is not due to aberrant hindbrain patterning, failure of neurogenesis, increased cell death or absence of hh expression. Furthermore, activation of the Hh pathway, which normally induces branchiomotor neurons, fails to induce motor neurons in the dtr hindbrain. Despite this, not all Hh-mediated regulation of hindbrain development is abolished since the regulation of a neural gene by Hh is intact in the dtr hindbrain. Finally, dtr can function cell autonomously to induce branchiomotor neurons. These results suggest that detour encodes a component of the Hh signaling pathway that is essential for the induction of motor neurons in the hindbrain but not in the spinal cord and that dtr function is required for the induction of only a subset of Hh-mediated events in the hindbrain.
Reduction of some 7-norbornenols with lithium aluminum hydride-aluminum chloride (1977)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTReduction of some 7-norbornenols with lithium aluminum hydride-aluminum chlorideDonald C. Kleinfelter and George SanzeroCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1977, 42, 11, 1944–1947Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1977Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1977https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00431a025https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00431a025research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views87Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Temperature Dependence of Helium-Ion Mobilities (1970)

The mobilities of the ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{He}_{2}^{+}$ ions in helium were measured as a function of $\frac{E}{n}$ and gas temperature for $T=300\ensuremath{-}76$ \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. At temperatures below 200 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and at very low $\frac{E}{n}$, conversion of the $\mathrm{He}_{2}^{+}$ to $\mathrm{He}_{3}^{+}$ was observed to take place. Mobilities of $\mathrm{He}_{3}^{+}$ were determined at 115 and 76 \ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K. The zero-field mobility of ${\mathrm{He}}^{+}$ was found to increase with decreasing temperature and was in excellent agreement with the theoretical predictions of Dickinson. Both the $\mathrm{He}_{2}^{+}$ and $\mathrm{He}_{3}^{+}$ mobilities decreased with decreasing temperature. The $\mathrm{He}_{2}^{+}$ mobilities were all significantly lower than the Langevin polarization limit, and were lower even than the mobilities of the heavier $\mathrm{He}_{3}^{+}$ ion.
Effects of power line voltage variations on different types of 400-W high-pressure sodium ballasts (1997)

This paper presents the results of laboratory tests to determine the effects of voltage sags, interruptions and fluctuations on high-pressure sodium (HPS) lamps and ballasts. The way these ballasted lamps react to sags and interruptions in the laboratory is then compared to a model of the real-world electrical environment created from data gathered during three recent North American power quality surveys. This work also shows how HPS immunity to voltage variations depends significantly on the ballast type and the lamp age.
Synthesis of Surface-Initiated Stimuli-Responsive Diblock Copolymer Brushes Utilizing a Combination of ATRP and RAFT Polymerization Techniques (2008)

The synthesis of diblock copolymer brushes, including poly(styrene) (PSty)-b-PSty, PSty-b-poly(acrylic acid), PSty-b-poly(N-isopropylacrylamide), and poly(methyl acrylate)-b-poly(N,N-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate), was achieved utilizing a combination of surface-mediated atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) and reversible addition−fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization techniques. Conversion of bromine end groups of homopolymer brushes formed by ATRP via a modified atom transfer addition reaction to a RAFT agent and diblock extension via RAFT polymerization allowed the direct formation of well-defined stimuli-responsive diblock copolymer brushes. The addition of sacrificial initiator and/or chain transfer agent permitted formation of well-defined diblock copolymer brushes and free polymer chains in solution. The free polymer chains were isolated and used to estimate the molecular weights and polydispersity index of chains attached to the surface. Ellipsometry, contact angle measurements, grazing angle attenuated total reflectance−Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and wide-scan X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize initiator deposition, homopolymer brush formation via ATRP, conversion to macro-RAFT agent, and diblock copolymer brush formation via RAFT polymerization. Selective solvent treatment demonstrated the stimuli-responsive nature of the diblock copolymer brushes via changes in the water contact angles and wide-scan XPS atomic percentages.
Dynamic Stokes shift in green fluorescent protein variants (2007)

Solvent reorganization around the excited state of a chromophore leads to an emission shift to longer wavelengths during the excited-state lifetime. This solvation response is absent in wild-type green fluorescent protein, and this has been attributed to rigidity in the chromophore's environment necessary to exclude nonradiative transitions to the ground state. The fluorescent protein mPlum was developed via directed evolution by selection for red emission, and we use time-resolved fluorescence to study the dynamic Stokes shift through its evolutionary history. The far-red emission of mPlum is attributed to a picosecond solvation response that is observed at all temperatures above the glass transition. This time-dependent shift in emission is not observed in its evolutionary ancestors, suggesting that selective pressure has produced a chromophore environment that allows solvent reorganization. The evolutionary pathway and structures of related fluorescent proteins suggest the role of a single residue in close proximity to the chromophore as the primary cause of the solvation response.
Caffeine as an analgesic adjuvant in tension headache (1994)

Six randomized, double-blind, two-period crossover studies, conducted under similar protocols, compared the efficacy of two analgesic combinations containing caffeine with an acetaminophen 1000 mg control and with a placebo in outpatients with episodic tension-type headaches. In four studies, comprising 1900 patients, the caffeine-containing analgesic consisted of a combination of 500 mg acetaminophen, 500 mg aspirin, and 130 mg caffeine (APAP/ASA/CAF). In two studies, comprising 911 patients, the caffeine-containing analgesic consisted of a combination of 1000 mg acetaminophen and 130 mg caffeine (APAP/CAF). Patients self-medicated for moderate or severe headache pain, and with a self-rating record they rated their pain and its relief hourly for 4 hours. In all six studies, the caffeine-containing analgesics were significantly superior both to placebo and to 1000 mg acetaminophen, and acetaminophen was significantly superior to placebo. The significant analgesic adjuvant effect of caffeine was independent of patients' usual caffeine use or their caffeine consumption in the 4 hours before medication. For each treatment, the pooled analgesic responses for the four studies of APAP/ASA/CAF were virtually superimposable on the responses in the two APAP/CAF studies. The combinations produced more stomach discomfort, nervousness, and dizziness than acetaminophen or placebo.
A Chaotic Images Encryption Algorithm with the Key Mixing Proportion Factor (2008)

The pseudo random property of chaotic sequences is very useful in the field of information security, based on the idea of orbit hopping, a chaotic image encryption algorithm with a key mixing proportion factor is proposed. In the proposed algorithm the position scrambling matrix and the value scrambling matrix are generated by the improved chaotic logistic sequences. A key mixing proportion factor (KMPF) is generated based on the plaintext information. By adding this factor, most of cipher text elements value can be changed by the change of any plaintext element. The Security of the proposed algorithm is improved with this factor, and the ability of the proposed algorithm resisting plaintext attacks is strengthened obviously, and the encryption algorithm can resist the statistical and differential attacks effectively, moreover, the algorithm has a large key space and high encryption speed. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is verified by the theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.
686. Glow-discharge electrolysis. Part I. The anodic formation of hydrogen peroxide in inert electrolytes (1952)

R. A. Davies and A. Hickling, J. Chem. Soc., 1952, 3595 DOI: 10.1039/JR9520003595
Investigation of the SQUBIC phase mask design for depth-invariant widefield microscopy point-spread function engineering (2014)

Point-spread function engineering (PSF), achieved by placing a phase mask at the pupil plane of the imaging lens to encode the wavefront emerging from an imaging system, can be employed to reduce the impact of spherical aberration (SA) in 3D microscopy. In a previous study, the effect of SA on a confocal scanning microscope using a squared cubic phase mask (SQUBIC) was investigated using computer simulations. Here the effect of the SQUBIC design parameter on the insensitivity of the engineered PSF to SA is investigated using a metric based on the second-order moment of the axial variability of the PSF. We show that it is possible to find the optimum SQUBIC for the insensitization to SA.
Islet cell antibodies in Sulawesi macaques (1999)

Older monkeys of the Sulawesian species Macaca nigra spontaneously develop a lesion in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans in which there is deposition of amyloid and gradual degeneration of all cells, which can lead eventually to development of diabetes mellitus. Islet cell antibodies (ICA), formed in response to the release of cellular antigens, can be used to detect the islet lesion and to monitor the progression of each monkey toward diabetes. Numerous M. nigra and one M. tonkeana in captivity have been tested, but it is unknown whether the islet lesion occurs in monkeys in their natural habitat of Sulawesi. Blood samples collected from M. maurus, M. tonkeana, and hybrid M. maurus/tonkeana were assayed for ICA. When all monkeys were considered together, 33% had ICA positive against beta cells and 14% had ICA positive against alpha and/or D cells. Appearance of ICA in blood of males was virtually the same as in females. These results are similar to those found in M. nigra examined in captivity. Since all Sulawesian species share a common genetic heritage, these results would support the appearance of this lesion in their natural habitat. Cause(s) for formation of the lesion and eventual development of diabetes are unknown. There may be genetic factors or genetic predisposition to environmental factors. If environmental factors are responsible, then they must be present not only in the wild, but either carried with the monkeys or universally available, since M. nigra born in captivity also develop the lesion and diabetes after physical maturity at ca. 7+ years.
Statistics of Impedance and Scattering Matrices of Chaotic Microwave Cavities with Multiple Ports (2005)

The statistical model proposed in an accompanying paper is generalized to treat multiport scattering problems. Attention is first focused on two-port lossless systems and the model is shown to be consistent with Random Matrix Theory. The predictions are then tested by direct numerical simulation for a specific two-port cavity. Formulae are derived for the average transmission and reflection coefficients in terms of the port radiation impedance. The cases of cavities with multiple ports, and with a single port and distributed losses are compared.
A bistable pretzelane (2009)

A switchable donor-acceptor pretzelane composed of a crown ether containing tetrathiafulvalene and 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene recognition units and a covalently tethered cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) ring exhibits unidirectional motion on both oxidation (forwards) and reduction (backwards).
Reduced-sample-rate sigma–delta modulation using recursive deconvolution (1997)

A reduced-sample-rate sigma–delta modulation method using a recursive deconvolution technique for application in digital-to-analogue conversion is proposed and analysed. The method allows the sigma–delta modulators to operate at a sampling rate which is lower than the output bitstream rate by an integer factor. With the proposed in-loop mapping algorithm to map an m-bit sample to qb-bit samples, the total system inherits the advantages of a multilevel quantization conventional ΣΔ modulator in the digital part with regard to suppression of tones, improved stability and low power, while its output remains single-bit. The effectiveness of the technique is illustrated using simulations for second-and third-order modulators. © by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
AN XRD MORPHOLOGY INDEX FOR TALCS: THE EFFECT OF PARTICLE SIZE AND MORPHOLOGY ON THE SPECIFIC SURFACE AREA (2000)

A series of talcs from a number of worldwide sources was examined for variations in chemistry, particle size and particle morphology. An X-ray diffraction (XRD) index was developed which related the intensity of two talc peaks to its particle morphology as shown by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The talc XRD morphology index (M) ranged from 0.38 to 0.97. The M index was correlated with the specific surface area (N2, B.E.T.; ranging from 2 to 12 mz/g). An inverse relationship was observed. A model was developed which relates the specific surface area (A) to the particle size fraction less than <2pm (S) and the morphology index (M): [A=aSM-I+p]. The development of the talc morphology index makes it possible to distinguish, on a numerical basis, between blocky and platy textures.
Properties of pili from Escherichia coli SS142 that mediate mannose-resistant adhesion to mammalian cells (1983)

We isolated pili from Escherichia coli SS142. These pili had a diameter of 6 nm and an average length of 400 nm. They were composed of subunits with a molecular weight of 18,000. Their amino acid composition was determined; methionine and proline were not detected. The isolated pili retained mannose-resistant hemagglutinating activity. Proteolytic digestion and glutaraldehyde fixation led to partial or complete loss of the hemagglutinating activity of the pili without causing any detectable damage to their supramolecular structure, which was only disintegrated by treatment with hot sodium dodecyl sulfate. The hemagglutinating activity of E. coli SS142 was inhibited by the glycoproteins fetuin and Tamm-Horsfall protein, as well as by the glycolipids phytyl lactoside, dansyl-sphingosine lactoside, and digalactosyl diglyceride. Isolated pili inhibited the adhesion of the homologous strain E. coli SS142 to Intestine 407 cell monolayers, but did not inhibit the adhesion of E. coli strain B-413, B-506, or 2699. This indicates that E. coli SS142 binds to a receptor different from those recognized by the other strains and that mannose-resistant adhesion to tissue culture cells can be classified into different subtypes.
Wavelength and angular selectivity of high diffraction efficiency reflection holograms in silver halide photographic emulsion (1985)

The diffraction properties of bleached reflection holograms, recorded by two plane waves in Agfa 8E56 photographic emulsion, are studied at different replay wavelengths. Measurements of the transmitted beam intensity against the replay angle of incidence are compared with a theoretical model to determine the wavelength dependence of the average refractive index, the average absorption, and the refractive-index modulation of the hologram.
Effect of ionizing radiation on the optical attenuation in doped silica and plastic fiber-optic waveguides (1978)

The radiation-induced optical attenuation has been measured over a wide range of dose and time in state-of-the-art step- and graded-state 60Co and pulsed electron irradiation. Results are reported for previously uncharacterized silica fibers containing dopants such as Ge,P,B,F,Tl, and Cs. At short times following the irradiation, fibers which contain Ge exhibit an extremely high attenuation that is not observed when these fibers contain P. Recovery is typically more complete in the silica core fibers than in the doped silica core fibers, which can have losses 25–1000 times the intrinsic loss 3 months after an irradiation of 105–106 rad.
Expression of carbonic anhydrase I or II and correlation to clinical aspects of colorectal cancer. (2001)

The expressions of carbonic anhydrase I and II correlated with biological aggressiveness of colorectal cancer and synchronous distant metastasis, especially carbonic anhydrase I for colon cancer and carbonic anhydrase II for rectal cancer.
The use of cleansers as therapeutic concomitants in various dermatologic disorders. (2001)

The choice of a mild cleansing agent is important in the adjunctive management of various skin conditions, such as atopic dermatitis, acne vulgaris, rosacea, photoaging, retinoid-induced irritant dermatitis, and sensitive skin. There are 3 major categories of cleansing agents: soaps, synthetic detergents, and lipid-free cleansing agents. The irritancy potential of cleansing agents is a function of a number of factors, including the pH, type of surfactants, and amount of skin residue. Furthermore, the presence of humectants and emollients also can influence the overall mildness of a cleansing agent. Agents with slightly acidic or neutral pH, nonionic surfactants, and minimal skin residue may be preferable for people who are at increased risk for irritancy reactions.
Cloud Storage and Retrieval - A User Perspective (2014)

The young upcoming industry is the cloud storage with lots of potential in terms of growth of storage capacity and the potential of faster retrieval. The architecture of the cloud is designed so as to not only offer unlimited storage capacity, but also has to eliminate the old data backups - created as a part of the constant replication of data. In this paper, the key component is storage-as-a-service solution, that is, the cloud storage is analyzed and comprehended for the storage and retrieval speeds on various free cloud storage sites. The experiments were piloted for files varying in sizes and various time spans. Time spans are deliberated based on network traffic. This paper overall tries to give a snapshot of the data working on different free clouds available. The analysis done gives an identification of the free cloud storage capacity, its performance, betterments and evaluation.
The DAT Conference. Its Activities and Results (1986)

Trials to improve the sound quality and functions of various types of audio equipment utilizing digital signal processing technology have been actively pursued recently. A method which records digital audio into a cassette type VTR was already standardized as a PCM Audio Processor and in use since 1979. In 1981 Compact Disc system was standardized and has been rapidly permeating through the market as a replacement for conventional disc records.
ChemInform Abstract: “Frustrated Lewis Pairs”: A Concept for New Reactivity and Catalysis (2008)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.