gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency Control by Low Power Factor Line Circuits (1936)

This paper points out the advantages of concentric conductor lines as low power factor or high Q resonant circuits for controlling the frequency of very high frequency oscillators. The electrical characteristics of lines of various dimensions at various frequencies is given. Several forms of temperature compensated lines are described. Oscillator circuits, circuit combinations, and precautions for obtaining stable transmitter frequencies are suggested. Photographs of typical line controlled transmitters are included. The results obtained with line control indicate that the method has great potential usefulness comparable with the usefulness of piezoelectric crystal control.
Full duplex device-to-device communication in cellular networks (2014)

In this paper we investigate the applicability of inband full-duplex (FD) radios in device-to-device communication (D2D) in cellular systems. The key challenge in FD radio design is the large self-interference on receiver. It is not possible to completely cancel the self-interference in FD radios. Considering the residual of self-interference, we study the performance of system while D2D link is operating in half-duplex and full-duplex mode. A cellular system is considered while D2D users are exploiting the same resources with cellular users in uplink. We apply a power control method for D2D pair to limit the interference from them on base station. For interference management from cellular transmissions on D2D receivers, interference limited area method is used. Simulation results show that using the most recent FD radios in D2D systems can almost double the throughput of the D2D link.
Development of advanced silicon solar cells for Space Station Freedom (1990)

This report describes the development of large area high efficiency wrapthrough solar cells for Space Station Freedom. The goal of this contract was the development and fabrication of 8 x 8 cm coplanar back contact solar cells with a minimum output of 1.039 watts/cell. The first task in this program was a modeling study to determine the optimum configuration of the cell and to study the effects of surface passivation, substrate resistivity, and back surface field on the BOL and EOL performance. In addition, the optical stack, including the cell cover, AR coatings, and Kapton blanket, was modeled to optimize 'on orbit' operation. The second phase was a manufacturing development phase to develop high volume manufacturing processes for the reliable production of low recombination velocity boron back surface fields, techniques to produce smooth, low leakage wrapthrough holes, passivation, photoresist application methods, and metallization schemes. The final portion of this program was a pilot production phase. Seven hundred solar cells were delivered in this phase. At the end of the program, cells with average efficiencies over 13 percent were being produced with power output in excess of 1.139 watts/cell, thus substantially exceeding the program goal.
Etiology and pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. (2005)

Despite of scientific efforts during the last decades, etiology and pathogenesis of the two major inflammatory bowel diseases, namely Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis, remain rather unclear. According to the results of multiple studies it is accepted that the development of either disease is the result of an exaggerated or insufficiently suppressed immune response to a hitherto undefined luminal antigen, probably derived from the microbial flora. This inflammatory process leads to the well-known mucosal damage and therefore a further disturbance of the epithelial barrier function, resulting in an increased influx of bacteria into the intestinal wall, even further accelerating the inflammatory process. However, these immunological disturbances that have been investigated extensively during the past years have to be considered on the genetic background of the individual patient and the environmental factors the patient is exposed to. In this review we will attempt to summarize the current knowledge about risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases, genetic and environmental factors of IBD and focus on the immunological alterations of innate and acquired immune system underlying Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Coordinated Resource Recovery in VM/ESA (1991)

A system service for coordinated recovery of resources is a critical function needed for distributed processing environments because applications need to provide for data integrity while the location of the data and processes are transparent to the application. VM is the first IBM operating system to provide Coordinated Resource Recovery as a system service rather than as a service provided by unique environments running on the operating system, and the VM Common Programming Interface-Communications and Shared File System are the first subsystems to utilize the service. This paper is an overview of why and how VM provided Coordinated Resource Recovery (CRR). CRR is the implementation of the Systems Application Architecture™ (SAA™) resource recovery interface within Virtual Machine/ Enterprise Systems Architecture™ (VM/ESA™). This coordinated sync point system service allows one or more applications or subsystems to update multiple resources and to request that all updates be committed or backed out together. The applications and their respective resources can be local or distributed. CRR either coordinates the request to commit or backout immediately, or supports automatic resource resynchronization in case a system or subsystem fails. When restart is not possible, CRR allows for intervention by a system operator or administrator.
REVIEWS OF BOOKS (1978)

Journal Article REVIEWS OF BOOKS Get access Beethovens Brief ‘An die unsterbliche Geliebte’. By Vladimir Karbusicky. pp. 143. ( Breitkopf & Härtel, Wiesbaden, 1977, £9.50.) MAYNARD SOLOMON MAYNARD SOLOMON Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Music and Letters, Volume 59, Issue 1, January 1978, Pages 86–88, https://doi.org/10.1093/ml/59.1.86 Published: 01 January 1978
VLSI considerations for TESH: a new hierarchical interconnection network for 3-D integration (1998)

This paper discusses very large scale integration (VLSI) issues, including reconfiguration and yield, for a new interconnection network, "Tori connected mESHes (TESH)". Its key features are the following: (1) it is hierarchical, thus allowing exploitation of computation locality as well as easy expansion up to a million processors, (2) it permits efficient VLSI/ULSI (ultralarge scale integration) realization, and (3) it appears to be well suited for three-dimensional (3-D) implementation. This is due in part to the fact that it requires far fewer number of vertical wires than most other multicomputer networks of comparable diameter, as demonstrated by a 4096 node example. Presented in the paper are the architecture of the new network, node addressing and message routing, VLSI considerations, and most importantly, the reconfiguration and yield studies.
A single-chip monolithic sonar system (1974)

A 12-W 200-kHz RF transmitter, a 10-W neon lamp display, and novel circuitry have been combined to realize a complete sonar system on a single monolithic chip which does not require any costly alignment adjustments. A single inductance-capacitance (LC) resonator is time-shared between the receiver and the transmitter to reduce external parts, to eliminate alignment labor, and to guarantee that the received signal is always the proper frequency.
Oxygen radical-mediated vascular injury selectively inhibits receptor-dependent release of nitric oxide from canine coronary arteries. (1994)

Reperfusion after global cardiac ischemia may injure coronary artery endothelium and lead to vasospasm and thrombosis. Oxygen-derived radicals have been implicated as mediators of this process, but the precise mechanism of injury is unknown. We hypothesized that oxygen-derived radicals impair coronary endothelial production of nitric oxide, a potent endogenous vasodilator and inhibitor of platelet adhesion. To test this theory, we developed an in vitro model of reperfusion injury in which segments of epicardial canine coronary artery were suspended in organ chambers (physiologic salt solution, 37 degrees C, 95% oxygen and 5% carbon dioxide) and exposed to oxygen-derived radicals (generated by adding xanthine [10(-4) mol/L] and xanthine oxidase [100 mU/ml] to the bathing solution for 70 minutes). After exposure to oxygen-derived radicals, epicardial coronary artery smooth muscle exhibited normal contraction to potassium ions (20 mmol/L) and prostaglandin F2 (4 x 10(-6) mol/L); also, the rings relaxed normally on exposure to isoproterenol and sodium nitroprusside (10(-9) to 10(-4) mol/L) (n = 6). In contrast, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to receptor-dependent agonists acetylcholine and adenosine diphosphate (10(-9) to 10(-4) mol/L) was impaired as compared with the reaction of control vessels not exposed to oxygen-derived radicals (n = 18, P < 0.001, and n = 10, P < 0.002, respectively). Importantly, receptor-independent, endothelium-dependent relaxation to the calcium ionophore A23187 was normal (n = 6). Further, endothelium-dependent vasodilatation to receptor-dependent agonist bradykinin (non-nitric oxide pathway) was normal after exposure to oxygen-derived radicals. This is the first study to demonstrate that oxygen-derived radicals selectively impair receptor-dependent nitric oxide production by the coronary endothelium. Diminished nitric oxide production is a likely mechanism of vasospasm and thrombosis after reperfusion of the ischemic heart.
Interaction amongst calcineurin subunits (1986)

Calcineurin was dissociated into subunits A and B by 6 M urea in the presence (method A) and absence (method B) of MnCl2 and dissociated subunits were isolated by gel filtration in urea in the absence (method B) or presence (method A) of MnCl2. Phosphatase activity was associated with the A subunit isolated by either method. The phosphatase activity (nmol/mg) of subunit A isolated by method A was greater (2-5-fold) than by method B. Mn2+ increased subunit A phosphatase and calmodulin further increased the enzyme activity. Subunit B isolated by method A or B increased Mn2+ + calmodulin stimulated subunit A phosphatase prepared by method B but interestingly and unexpectedly inhibited such stimulated activity of the subunit A prepared by method A. These results imply the tightly bound cation (in our case, most likely Mn2+) with subunit A dramatically and differentially influences the effects of two Ca2+-binding proteins, calmodulin and subunit B, on the subunit A phosphatase.
HIV/AIDS Guide for the Mining Sector : A Resource for Developing Stakeholder Competency and Compliance in Mining Communities in Southern Africa (2004)

This Guide consists of five sections. Section One introduces the Guide, provides key background information on the mining sector and the HIV/AIDS epidemic, describes the contents of, and framework and roadmap for an optimal organizational response to the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and finally provides a template to customize the Guide. Section Two covers the strategies for managing the HIV/AIDS epidemic within a mining sector organization. Section Three deals with workplace or internal HIV/AIDS programs. Section Four describes a number of outreach or external HIV/AIDS activities. Section Five contains information and tools for monitoring, evaluating, and recording and reporting on an organizational HIV/AIDS response
Lipopolysaccharide-Dependent Prostaglandin E2 Production Is Regulated by the Glutathione-Dependent Prostaglandin E2 Synthase Gene Induced by the Toll-Like Receptor 4/MyD88/NF-IL6 Pathway (2002)

Macrophages produce a large amount of PGE(2) during inflammation. This lipid mediator modulates various immune responses. PGE(2) acts on macrophages and inhibits production of cytokines such as TNF-alpha and IL-12. Membrane-bound glutathione-dependent PGE(2) synthase (mPGES) has been shown to be a terminal enzyme of the cyclooxygenase-2-mediated PGE(2) biosynthesis. Here we identified mPGES as a molecule that is induced by LPS in macrophages. The expression of mPGES was not induced by LPS in mice lacking Toll-like receptor 4 or MyD88. Furthermore, mice deficient in NF-IL6 showed neither induction of mPGES nor biosynthesis of PGE(2) in response to LPS, indicating that mPGES expression in response to LPS is regulated by a Toll-like receptor 4/MyD88/NF-IL6-dependent signaling pathway. We generated mPGES-deficient mice and investigated the role of mPGES in vivo. The mice showed no augmentation of the PGE(2) production in response to LPS. However, they were not impaired in the LPS-induced production of inflammatory cytokines and showed normal response to the LPS-induced shock. Thus, mPGES is critically involved in the biosynthesis of PGE(2) induced by LPS, but is dispensable for the modulation of inflammatory responses.
Myocardial dysfunction in sepsis. (1987)

A synthesis of the postulated sequence of events for development of the inappropriate response of the myocardium to a demand for increased cardiac index is schematically represented in Fig. 10. In sepsis, bacteremia and/or the release of endotoxin activate the macrophages which release a spectrum of mediators. Some of these mediators (and possibly also endotoxin itself) have a negative influence on myocardial contractile function either directly and/or through altering cellular calcium flux. This results in impaired myocardial function manifested initially by decreased stroke volume. Subsequently, stroke volume will be either partially or completely restored to normal through the action of circulating catecholamines, the concentration of which is markedly elevated due to the presence of endotoxin and/or macrophage-produced mediators. Endotoxin and/or these mediators also act on the SA node increasing its sensitivity to beta-adrenergic stimulation. This will result in elevated heart rates. The latter, combined with the restored stroke volume, will yield an increased cardiac index which is the hallmark of the hyperdynamic phase of sepsis. In the cecal ligation and puncture model of sepsis, where cardiac index is maintained at the original level, the partially restored stroke volume and the elevated heart rate will combine to maintain cardiac index. Although this mechanism of increasing cardiac index through tachycardia is not energy efficient, the myocardium is able to cope with these changes and also to maintain its high energy phosphate concentrations, since the utilization of the three major myocardial substrates (fatty acids, lactate and glucose) is not affected by sepsis. Although this putative sequence of events is consistent with the observed experimental findings, further work is needed to substantiate its applicability to the etiology of myocardial dysfunction in man during sepsis.
Efficacy of Fecinor® and Fecinor® plus (Enterococcus faecium) as feed additives for weaned piglets (2015)

Abstract Fecinor® and Fecinor® plus are preparations of a single strain of Enterococcus faecium. In a previous opinion on Fecinor® and Fecinor® plus, the EFSA Panel on Additives and Products or Substances used in Animal Feed (FEEDAP) could not conclude on the efficacy of these additives when used in feed for weaned piglets owing to insufficient evidence. The European Commission requested that the European Food Safety Authority re‐evaluate the efficacy of Fecinor® and Fecinor® plus when used as zootechnical additives (functional group: gut flora stabilisers) in diets for weaned piglets at a minimum dose of 1 × 109 colony‐forming units (CFU)/kg complete feedingstuffs. In the present application, the results from a new efficacy study performed with weaned piglets showed significant increases in final body weight and average daily gain in Fecinor®‐treated animals. Taking into account the two positive trials from the initial application, the FEEDAP Panel concludes that Fecinor® has the potential to improve performance of weaned piglets when added to feed at 1 × 109 CFU/kg complete feedingstuffs. The Panel considers that this conclusion applies to both formulations when used to deliver the same dose of the active agent.
A Single ZnO Nanofiber-Based Highly Sensitive Amperometric Glucose Biosensor (2010)

A novel fabrication approach of a highly sensitive amperometric glucose biosensor based on a single ZnO nanofiber (ZONF) is presented. Nanofibers (NFs) of poly(vinyl pyrrolidone)/zinc acetate composite have been synthesized by electrospinning technique. By high-temperature calcinations of the above precursor fibers, ZONFs with diameters in the range of 350−195 nm have been successfully obtained. A single NF on a gold electrode is functionalized with glucose oxidase (GOx) by physical adsorption. Electrochemical measurements of the biosensor revealed a high and reproducible sensitivity of 70.2 μA cm−2 mM−1 within a response time of less than 4 s. The biosensor also showed a linear range from 0.25 to 19 mM with a low limit of detection (LOD) of 1 μM. Furthermore, it has been revealed that the biosensor exhibits a good anti-interference ability and favorable stability over relatively long-term storage (more than 4 months). All these results strongly suggest that a single ZONF can provide a new platform for biosensor design and other biological applications.
Radio frequency plasma jet applied to coating of internal walls of narrow tubes (1993)

A novel method for deposition of thin films onto internal walls of narrow tubes is described. The method is based on sputtering and/or evaporation of the end of a nozzle in a radio frequency plasma jet system (RPJ). A Ti nozzle of 5 mm outer and 2 mm inner diameter, respectively, was used for TiNx film deposition onto Si substrate inserts fixed on the internal wall of a steel tube of 8 mm bore. The axial distribution of the film thickness along 20–50 mm of deposited area was measured. An effect of separation of macroparticles was found in the RPJ. This enabled the growth of high quality films on the tube walls at rf power levels exceeding 100 W.
The primary signal in the biological perception of temperature: Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation of membrane lipids stimulated the expression of the desA gene in Synechocystis PCC6803. (1993)

One of the well-characterized phenomena associated with the acclimation of organisms to changes in ambient temperature is the regulation of the molecular motion or "fluidity" of membrane lipids via changes in the extent of unsaturation of the fatty acids of membrane lipids. The enzymes responsible for this process when the temperature is decreased are the desaturases, the activities of which are enhanced at low temperature. To examine whether the change in the fluidity of membrane lipids is the first event that signals a change in temperature, we studied the effect of the Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation of membrane lipids on the expression of the desA gene, which is responsible for the desaturation of fatty acids of membrane lipids in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. The Pd-catalyzed hydrogenation of plasma membrane lipids stimulated the expression of the desA gene. We also found that, for unexplained reasons, the hydrogenation was much more specific to a minor phospholipid, phosphatidylglycerol, than to members of other lipid classes. These results suggest that the organism perceives a decrease in the fluidity of plasma membrane lipids when it is exposed to a decrease in temperature.
IL‐5‐induced airway eosinophilia – the key to asthma? (2001)

Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease defined by reversible airway obstruction and non-specific airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR). Although profound insights have been made into the pathophysiology of asthma, the exact mechanisms inducing and regulating the disease are still not fully understood. Yet, it is generally accepted that the pathological changes in asthma are induced by a chronic inflammatory process which is characterized by infiltration of the bronchial mucosa with lymphocytes and eosinophils, increased mucus production and submucosal edema. There is increasing evidence that an imbalance in the T-helper (Th) cell response of genetically predisposed individuals to common environmental antigens plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of allergic bronchial asthma and other atopic disorders. Following allergic sensitization, T cells from atopic patients tend to produce elevated levels of Th2-type cytokines, especially interleukin (IL)-4, IL-13, IL-5 and IL-6, which induce and regulate IgE production and eosinophil airway infiltration. In this review, the role of Th2-type cytokines, IgE and airway eosinophils in the induction of airway inflammation and AHR is discussed, and animal studies of asthma and AHR, mainly in rodents will be considered. A better understanding of the underlying mechanisms leading to asthma pathology may yield more specific immunological strategies for the treatment of this disease which is increasing worldwide.
Focusing on the Unfolded Protein Response and Autophagy Related Pathways to Reposition Common Approved Drugs against COVID-19 (2020)

More than 179,000 individuals have fallen ill of the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, which first emerged in China less than four months ago in December 2019. As of today, there exist no approved treatments against COVID-19. Vaccines are being developed, but they will take time, at least one year, to reach the population. Drug repositioning represents a fast track because already approved medicines have been broadly tested through multiple trials. We developed a repositioning strategy that mostly leads to candidates that are commonly used. The advantages are that they will facilitate proof of concept in humans through a &ldquo;real-world evidence&rdquo; approach and should be rapidly available to the population. We focus on the established research results that the unfolded protein response (UPR) and autophagy pathways of the host cells are essential to the life cycle of previously known coronaviruses. We performed the relevant bioinformatics analysis to understand and confirm if SARS-CoV-2 may interact with these druggable pathways. Based on these considerations, we prioritized two additional druggable pathways, which are important to the viral life cycle and tightly connected to UPR/autophagy signaling: the mitochondrial permeability transition pores (MPTP) and NLRP-3 inflammasome pathways. These four important pathways are perturbed in most major common diseases and have therefore been targeted by numerous broadly prescribed drugs. We have identified 97 approved drugs that are known to modulate these four identified pathways, and which represent, therefore, interesting repositioning candidates. Although it is indisputable that these drugs should never be used for immediate self-medication against COVID-19, we notice that some of them could also be prescribed to individuals who have COVID-19 comorbidities (e.g., hypertension). It is debated if these comorbidities are linked to the pathology itself (e.g., hypertension) or the drugs used to treat the pathology (e.g., sartans). Therefore, relevant preclinical tests and massive electronic health records (i.e., real-world evidence) must be used to pre-screen them and check the COVID-19 prognosis of individuals taking these drugs.
Derecho de separación por no reparto de dividendos: ¿es un derecho disponible por los socios? (2012)

El presente trabajo analiza el derecho de separacion por no reparto de beneficios que regula el art. 348 bis LSC y en concreto, el margen de actuacion que tienen los socios en relacion a la configuracion de este derecho en los estatutos. Si bien los socios no pueden por mayoria �ordinaria o reforzada�, derogar el derecho de separacion, sin embargo, por unanimidad, pueden regularlo como estimen por conveniente. En particular, una regulacion estatutaria que condicione el ejercicio de este derecho a la mejor defensa del interes patrimonial de la sociedad deberia admitirse siempre que se acuerde con el consentimiento de todos los socios.