gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Process-Oriented Interactive Design Environment for Automatic User-Interface Adaptation (2006)

Abstract In the design of user interfaces that adapt automatically to end-users and usage contexts, designers should be prepared to cope with large design spaces; these spaces will be necessary to accommodate design constraints posed by the diversity in the target user population and the various contexts of use. Adaptation-oriented design is considered a powerful design recipe addressing the compelling requirements of customization, accessibility, and high quality of interaction. Under this perspective, it must be carefully planned, designed, accommodated, and conducted within the life cycle of interactive systems, from the early exploratory phases of design and prototyping to evaluation, implementation, and deployment. Despite recent progress, the practice of designing automatic user-interface adaptations remains difficult, due to intrinsic complexity of the task and the current limited expertise of designers and practitioners. Toward overcoming such a difficulty, this article presents MENTOR, a tool providing (a) practical integrated support for all phases of adaptation design, through appropriate editing facilities; (b) practical support for a "smooth transition" from design to development through the availability of automated verification mechanisms for the designed adaptation logic, as well as the automated generation of "ready-to-implement" interface specifications; and (c) support for the progressive accumulation of design cases and of the related design experience and knowledge, in particular regarding adaptation.
Accelerated caffeine metabolism after omeprazole treatment is indicated by urinary metabolite ratios: Coincidence with plasma clearance and breath test (1994)

The study showed an equivalent caffeine N-3-demethylation activity by all evaluation methods. The three urinary caffeine metabolite ratios sampled at the convenient interval of 5 to 8 hours after administration showed the dependence of CYP1A2 induction by omeprazole on the dose and genetic trait of S-mephenytoin hydroxylase.
A Safe and Efficient Process for the Synthesis of the Inhalation Anesthetic Sevoflurane (2000)

A novel method for the synthesis of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-(fluoromethoxy)propane (sevoflurane) is described. Starting from commercially available 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), the process involves a novel, safe and efficient fluoromethylation protocol in a two-step, one-vessel procedure. The method avoids many of the hazards and complications of the current process for sevoflurane manufacture. The new method is easily scaled up to afford 10-kg batches of 99.4% pure sevoflurane.
A New Approach to Optimum Pulse Shaping in Sampled Systems Using Time-Domain Filtering (1973)

A new approach to time-domain pulse shaping in digital sampled systems is described. The proposed method allows time-limited impulse responses with optimum specified energy distribution in the frequency domain to be generated. Additional constraints to guarantee zero intersymbol interference are easily taken into account. Nyquist-type pulses which have the maximum possible amount of their total energy concentrated below some given frequency are one particularly important application. An example of such an impulse response with only 6 percent excess bandwidth is presented which shows that 99.96 percent of the energy can be concentrated in the desired bandwidth with a pulse 16 baud intervals long that can be generated using a read-only memory (ROM) with only 256 bits of storage. This new class of signals can be used advantageously for waveform generation and processing in digital data systems.
Text-Independent Voice Conversion Based on Unit Selection (2006)

So far, most of the voice conversion training procedures are text-dependent, i.e., they are based on parallel training utterances of source and large speaker. Since several applications (e.g. speech-to-speech translation or dubbing) require text-independent training, over the last two years, training techniques that use non-parallel data were proposed In this paper, we present a new approach that applies unit selection to find corresponding time frames in source and target speech. By means of a subjective experiment it is shown that this technique achieves the same performance as the conventional text-dependent training
Magnetic-Sensitive Behavior of Intelligent Ferrogels for Controlled Release of Drug (2006)

An intelligent magnetic hydrogel (ferrogel) was fabricated by mixing poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels and Fe3O4 magnetic particles through freezing-thawing cycles. Although the external direct current magnetic field was applied to the ferrogel, the drug was accumulated around the ferrogel, but the accumulated drug was spurt to the environment instantly when the magnetic fields instantly switched "off". Furthermore, rapid to slow drug release can be tunable while the magnetic field was switched from "off" to "on" mode. The drug release behavior from the ferrogel is strongly dominated by the particle size of Fe3O4 under a given magnetic field. The best "magnetic-sensitive effects" are observed for the ferrogels with larger Fe3O4 particles due to its stronger saturation magnetization and smaller coercive force. Furthermore, the amount of drug release can be controlled by fine-tuning of the switching duration time (SDT) through an externally controllable on-off operation in a given magnetic field. It was demonstrated that the highest burst drug amounts and best "close" configuration of the ferrogel were observed for the SDT of 10 and 5 min, respectively. By taking these peculiar magnetic-sensitive characteristics of the novel ferrogels currently synthesized, it is highly expected to have a controllable or programmable drug release profile that can be designed for practical clinical needs.
Facial Landmark Detection via Progressive Initialization (2015)

In this paper, we present a multi-stage regression-based approach for the 300 Videos in-the-Wild (300-VW) Challenge, which progressively initializes the shape from obvious landmarks with strong semantic meanings, e.g. eyes and mouth corners, to landmarks on face contour, eyebrows and nose bridge which have more challenging features. Compared with initialization based on mean shape and multiple random shapes, our proposed progressive initialization can very robustly handle challenging poses. It also guarantees an accurate landmark localization result and shows smooth tracking performance in real-time.
Biphase Sequence Generation with Low Sidelobe Autocorrelation Function (1986)

Since Barker-like sequences could not be found for sequence lengths greater than 13, radar system designers have been searching for biphase sequences with discrimination (ratio of the magnitude of the mainlobe to the magnitude of the peak sidelobe of the autocorrelation function of the sequence) greater than 13. We present new results on biphase Legendre sequences for all prime lengths. The results of the paper are as follows. 1) Two lemmas on the symmetric properties of the Legendre sequences are stated and using these lemmas and simple rules of modulo arithmetic, a method is suggested for generating long sequences which does not require multiplications and divisions. 2) From the properties of autocorrelation function of the cyclically shifted Legendre sequence (LS) for prime lengths, a computationally efficient method is evolved for carrying out systematic search for sequences with discrimination greater than 13. The proposed method reduces the computational load by a factor of approximately 16. Using these techniques, we generated codes up to length 1019. In each case we searched for the code which gives the maximum discrimination for that length.
New remains of<i>Sphagesaurus huenei</i>(Crocodylomorpha: Mesoeucrocodylia) from the Late Cretaceous of Brazil (2003)

Abstract Recent discovery of an almost complete skull of Sphagesaurus huenei, a previously poorly known form from the Late Cretaceous of southern Brazil, shows unexpected morphology for a crocodyliform, including an extreme heterodonty with small lower incisors, large upper caniniforms, and reversed triangle-like postcanines; edentulous anterior region of premaxilla; and maxilla with posterior wall over the anterior margin of the suborbital fenestra. The postcanine teeth have extensive wear facets, implying an alternate unilateral occlusion and suggesting the presence of both lateral and fore-aft movement of the jaw. These characteristics appear unique within the crocodyliform lineage, showing that feeding diversity was wider than thought in this clade. The phylogenetic relationships of Sphagesaurus huenei are evaluated through a parsimony analysis. Sphagesaurus lies within a monophyletic group formed by Cretaceous and Tertiary taxa traditionally referred as notosuchians and sebecosuchians. Interestingly, several mammal-like tooth morphologies were present in this clade of terrestrial crocodyliforms.
Tissue-specific requirements for the proprotein convertase Furin/SPC1 during embryonic turning and heart looping (2000)

Furin, the mammalian prototype of a family of serine proteases, is required for ventral closure and axial rotation, and formation of the yolk sac vasculature. Here we show additionally that left-sided expression of pitx2 and lefty-2 are also perturbed in Furin-deficient embryos. These tissue abnormalities are preceded by a marked delay in the expansion of the definitive endoderm during gastrulation. Using a chimera approach, we show that Furin activity is required in epiblast derivatives, including the primitive heart, gut and extraembryonic mesoderm, whereas it is nonessential in the visceral endoderm. Thus, chimeric embryos, derived by injecting wild-type embryonic stem (ES) cells into fur(-/-) blastocysts, develop normally until at least 9.5 d.p.c. In contrast, Furin-deficient chimeras developing in the context of wild-type visceral endoderm fail to undergo ventral closure, axial rotation and yolk sac vascularization. Fur(-/-) cells are recruited into all tissues examined, including the yolk sac vasculature and the midgut, even though these structures fail to form in fur mutants. The presence of wild-type cells in the gut strikingly correlates with the ability of chimeric embryos to undergo turning. Overall, we conclude that Furin activity is essential in both extraembryonic and precardiac mesoderm, and in definitive endoderm derivatives.
Collaborative Edge-Cloud and Edge-Edge Video Analytics (2019)

According to YouTube statistics [1], more than 400 hours of content is uploaded to its platform every minute. At this rate, it is estimated that it would take more than 70 years of continuous watch time in order to view all content on YouTube, assuming no more content is uploaded. This raises great challenges when attempting to actively process and analyze video content.
Erythromycin induces expression of the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene cat-86 (1990)

The plasmid gene cat-86 specifies chloramphenicol-inducible chloramphenicol acetyltransferase in Bacillus subtilis. This gene, like the erythromycin-inducible erm genes, is regulated by translational attenuation. Here we show that cat-86 is also inducibly regulated by erythromycin. cat-86 does not confer resistance to erythromycin.
Genetic Optimization Using Derivatives: The<b>rgenoud</b>Package for<i>R</i> (2011)

<b>genoud</b> is an R function that combines evolutionary algorithm methods with a derivative-based (quasi-Newton) method to solve difficult optimization problems. <b>genoud</b> may also be used for optimization problems for which derivatives do not exist. <b>genoud</b> solves problems that are nonlinear or perhaps even discontinuous in the parameters of the function to be optimized. When the function to be optimized (for example, a log-likelihood) is nonlinear in the model's parameters, the function will generally not be globally concave and may have irregularities such as saddlepoints or discontinuities. Optimization methods that rely on derivatives of the objective function may be unable to find any optimum at all. Multiple local optima may exist, so that there is no guarantee that a derivative-based method will converge to the global optimum. On the other hand, algorithms that do not use derivative information (such as pure genetic algorithms) are for many problems needlessly poor at local hill climbing. Most statistical problems are regular in a neighborhood of the solution. Therefore, for some portion of the search space, derivative information is useful. The function supports parallel processing on multiple CPUs on a single machine or a cluster of computers.
Plasma physics and related challenges of millimeter-wave-to-terahertz and high power microwave generation (2008)

Homeland security and military defense technology considerations have stimulated intense interest in mobile, high power sources of millimeter-wave (mmw) to terahertz (THz) regime electromagnetic radiation, from 0.1 to 10THz. While vacuum electronic sources are a natural choice for high power, the challenges have yet to be completely met for applications including noninvasive sensing of concealed weapons and dangerous agents, high-data-rate communications, high resolution radar, next generation acceleration drivers, and analysis of fluids and condensed matter. The compact size requirements for many of these high frequency sources require miniscule, microfabricated slow wave circuits. This necessitates electron beams with tiny transverse dimensions and potentially very high current densities for adequate gain. Thus, an emerging family of microfabricated, vacuum electronic devices share many of the same plasma physics challenges that are currently confronting “classic” high power microwave (HPM) generators including long-life bright electron beam sources, intense beam transport, parasitic mode excitation, energetic electron interaction with surfaces, and rf air breakdown at output windows. The contemporary plasma physics and other related issues of compact, high power mmw-to-THz sources are compared and contrasted to those of HPM generation, and future research challenges and opportunities are discussed.
CLXXXIII.—Studies in substituted quaternary azonium compounds containing an asymmetric nitrogen atom. Part II. Resolution of phenylbenzylmethylazonium iodide into optically active components (1914)

B. K. Singh, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1914, 105, 1972 DOI: 10.1039/CT9140501972
Na<sub>4‐α</sub>M<sub>2+α/2</sub>(P<sub>2</sub>O<sub>7</sub>)<sub>2</sub> (2/3 ≤ α ≤ 7/8, M = Fe, Fe<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>0.5</sub>, Mn): A Promising Sodium Ion Cathode for Na‐ion Batteries (2013)

Abstract A new polyanion‐based compound, Na 3.12 M 2.44 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 (M = Fe, Fe 0.5 Mn 0.5 , Mn) is synthesized and examined as a cathode for Na ion batteries. Off‐stoichiometric synthesis induces the formation of a Na‐rich phase, Na 3.32 Fe 2.34 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 ‐ a member of the solid solution series Na 4‐α Fe 2+α/2 (P 2 O 7 ) 2 (2/3 ≤ α ≤ 7/8) ‐ which delivers a reversible capacity of about 85 mA h g −1 at ca. 3 V vs. Na/Na + and exhibits very stable cycle performance. Above all, it shows fast kinetics for Na ions, delivering an almost constant 72% reversible capacity at rates between C/10 and 10C without the necessity for nanosizing or carbon coating. We attribute this to the spacious channel size along the a ‐axis, along with a single phase transformation upon de/sodiation.
Synthesis and characterization of silica‐<i>graft</i>‐polystyrene hybrid nanoparticles: Effect of constraint on the glass‐transition temperature of spherical polymer brushes (2002)

Abstract The effect of the chain constraint on the glass‐transition temperature of polystyrene (pS) was studied in the context of polymer tethering to curved surfaces. The synthesis and characterization of silica‐ graft ‐polystyrene (SiO 2 ‐ g ‐pS) hybrid nanoparticles is reported. Silica nanoparticles possessing covalently bound pS chains were prepared by the atom transfer radical polymerization of styrene from functionalized colloidal surfaces. These hybrid nanoparticles serve as interesting examples of spherical polymer brushes, as a high density of grafted pS was achieved on the inorganic colloid. The confirmation of a brushlike extension of immobilized chains in a good solvent was obtained with dynamic light scattering in toluene of SiO 2 ‐ g ‐pS colloids possessing various molar masses of tethered pS. The solid‐state morphology of SiO 2 ‐ g ‐pS ultrathin films was assessed with transmission electron microscopy, and this confirmed that the silica colloids were well‐dispersed in a matrix of the tethered polymer. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to study the effects of tethering and chain immobilization on the glass‐transition temperature of pS. The measured glass‐transition temperature of annealed bulk films of the hybrid nanoparticles was elevated with respect to the value for pure bulk pS. The enhancements ranged from 13 to 2 K for SiO 2 ‐ g ‐pS brushes possessing tethered pS with number‐average molecular weights of 5230 and 32,670 g/mol, respectively. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 40: 2667–2676, 2002
A Study of the “Spurt Effect" in Wormlike Micelles Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Microscopy (1996)

The non-Newtonian flow properties of the wormlike surfactant system, cetyl pyridinium chloride/sodium salicylate in water, have been studied using dynamic and steady rheometry and nuclear magnetic resonance velocity imaging. The NMR measurements of velocity profiles across a 5.0 mm diameter glass tube reveal a discontinuity in the flow behaviour, once a critical shear strain rate of around 1 s-1 is exceeded, a manifestation of the so-called “spurt effect". Rheological measurements show that three characteristic regimes are observed. Below 0.2 s-1 the system is near-Newtonian. Between 0.2 and 0.8 s-1, shear-thinning behaviour is observed. Above this a multi-valued shear-rate regime is found at constant stress. This “spurt" regime exhibits shear rates up to values of around 50 to 100 s-1, at which an upturn in the shear stress is found. The rheological flow curves are characteristic of those predicted by a Wagner model and in turn are found to be broadly consistent with the velocity profiles as measured by NMR.
Mid-infrared phase modulation via Stark effect on intersubband transitions in GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells (1993)

Mid-infrared ( approximately 10 mu m) electrorefractive effects of intersubband transitions in step GaAs/GaAlAs quantum wells are experimentally analyzed. A method for studying infrared electrorefraction of a two-dimensional structure via the Stark effect is used. The anomalous dispersion is measured over the entire spectral range of the transition and is found to be consistent with the Kramers-Kronig relations in the case of a Lorentzian absorption shape. A solution of Maxwell's equations in the multiquantum well structure is detailed and leads to a good agreement with experimental data. A standard interferometer and a lock-in technique allow a quasi-direct determination of phase and amplitude modulation with very good sensitivity. A theoretical approach based on a Lorentzian model and the solution of Maxwell's equations for a multiple QW (quantum well) structure agreed well with the data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Granulocyte elastase‐mediated proteolysis of alpha<sub>1</sub>‐antitrypsin in cystic fibrosis bronchopulmonary secretions (1989)

Airway secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) contain large amounts of alpha 1-antitrypsin (alpha 1-AT), yet elastase activity is also often detectable, suggesting that airway alpha 1-AT may not be functional in some CF patients. It is unknown whether in CF sputum alpha 1-AT is inactivated by oxidants, neutrophil metalloproteinases, bacterial elastase, or neutrophil elastase. To investigate the mechanism(s) by which alpha 1-AT may be inactivated in CF airway secretions, sputum samples were obtained from nine patients during respiratory physiotherapy. alpha 1-AT was measured by radial immunodiffusion. Sputum-alpha 1-AT was purified by antibody affinity chromatography. Electrophoresis of alpha 1-AT from seven patients with acute infectious exacerbations revealed two distinct components: a minor band corresponding to an elastase/alpha 1-AT complex and a major band typical of proteolysed alpha 1-AT (Mr = 48 kD). Each patient had large amounts of sputum elastase activity. In contrast, two patients without free sputum elastase activity had intact sputum alpha 1-AT; however, alpha 1-AT was partially truncated by porcine pancreatic elastase suggesting that the alpha 1-AT may have been partially oxidized. Adding alpha 1-AT purified from normal serum to alpha 1-AT-depleted sputum containing elastase activity resulted in a small alpha 1-AT/elastase complex with most alpha 1-AT being truncated. The serine proteinase inhibitor phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride but not the metalloproteinase inhibitor EDTA prevented alpha 1-AT proteolysis, thus granulocyte elastase can mediate alpha 1-AT degradation in CF. Apparently, the large granulocyte elastase burden in some acutely ill patients with cystic fibrosis can proteolytically inactivate alpha 1-AT.
Cardiac-bio-assists: biological approaches to support or repair cardiac muscle. (2003)

In contrast to those of other cardiac diseases, the morbility and morbidity of congestive cardiac insufficiency are not on the decrease, in spite of significant progress in pharmacological treatments and due to the increased life expectancy of the population. Cardiac transplant is the therapy of choice when cardiac failure becomes pharmacologically intractable, but all over the developed world (not to mention the situation in the underdeveloped countries) the number of heart transplants has reached the limit set by the availability of donor organs. Sooner or later xenotransplants could solve this problem, but even if our most optimistic hopes regarding their development and reliability are met, xenotransplants would still carry the risk of anthropozoonotic viral infections. Finally, as suggested in a recent overview, the way to the long-lasting clinical use of mechanical circulatory support is a long and winding road. Other options are related to tissue or cell cardiac bioassistance. Cardiac-bio-assists are biological approaches to the remedy of progressive cardiac failure based on autologous or heterologous tissue or cell transplantation. Some of the work hypotheses are in pre-clinical evaluation (skeletal muscle ventricle), others are under preliminary (cardiomyoplasty, myocardium reduction, implants of myoblasts derived from skeletal muscle satellite cells and implants of embryonic or adult stem cell-derived myocardiocytes, cellular cardiomyoplasty) or advanced clinical testing (dynamic aortomyoplasty and dynamic cardiomyoplasty). Dynamic cardiomyoplasty is a surgical procedure which could support myocardial function when cardiac insufficiency would become pharmacologically intractable in the mid term. In this procedure a nonessential muscle, the latissimus dorsi (LD), is diverted from its normal role, transferred into the chest, wrapped around the heart (LD wrap), conditioned to fatigue and activated during systole to provide cardiac assistance. The mechanisms of its action are discussed and the risk of myodystrophic lesions of the LD wrap which could reduce the work capability of the pericardial muscle prosthesis remains. We are now addressing some of these issues by means of clinical research on the group of Italian patients of demand dynamic cardiomyoplasty, and by means of animal experiments aimed at the development and testing of new surgical, clinical and biotechnological approaches. In particular, we will discuss whether the increase in the muscle mass of the distal part of the transposed LD is desirable and feasible or if it is mandatory.