gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Contrasting effects of water‐soluble and water‐insoluble dietary fibers on bile acid conjugation and taurine metabolism in the rat (1990)

The effect of the type of dietary fiber on the bile acid and taurine metabolism was examined in rats. Diets containing 10% of various water-soluble fibers (citrus pectin, konjak mannan, guar gum) as compared to a fiber-free diet increased biliary excretion of total bile acids. In contrast, water-insoluble dietary fibers (cellulose, corn bran, chitin; 10% in the diets) as well as cholestyramine (5% in the diet) considerably decreased bile acid excretion. Water-soluble dietary fiber-mediated increases in bile acid excretion were totally attributable to increases in glycine-conjugates. Thus, these fibers greatly increased the bile acid glycine-to-taurine ratio (G/T). Excretion of glycine conjugates decreased more than that of taurine conjugates in rats fed various water-insoluble dietary fibers. As a result, G/T in rats fed water-insoluble fibers was significantly lowered as compared to G/T in animals fed a fiber-free diet. Cholestyramine did not affect the G/T ratio of bile acids. Fecal bile acid excretion and the activities of hepatic cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (EC 1.14.13.17) in rats fed various water-soluble dietary fibers approximately doubled as compared to the respective values for rats fed a fiber-free diet. Whereas cholestyramine greatly increased these parameters, water-insoluble fibers did not significantly affect them. Various water-soluble fibers decreased hepatic concentration and urinary excretion of taurine as well as the activity of hepatic cysteine dioxygenase (EC 1.13.11.20). In contrast, water-insoluble fibers considerably increased hepatic taurine concentrations and enzyme activities. The parameters for taurine metabolism were unaffected by cholestyramine. It was suggested that the types of dietary fiber affected hepatic taurine synthesis and thus modified bile acid glycine/taurine ratios.
3D modeling of close-range objects: photogrammetry or laser scanning? (2005)

In the last decade, the demand of 3D models for objects documentation and visualization is drastically increased. 3D modeling of close-range objects is required in different applications, like cultural heritage, industry, animation or medicine. While Photogrammetry is a well proved technique for 3D reconstruction of real objects, featuring important properties like accurate sensor calibration, use of both analog or digital imageries, low cost and high portable system, laser scanning technology is becoming a very promising alternative for surveying and modeling applications. Tipically, laser scanners allow for fast acquisition of huge amount of 3D data which can be often combined with colour hi-res digital images. As a result, real objects can be represented with a higher level of detail together with a good metric accuracy. Among several works so far presented about laser scanning for cultural heritage survey, some modeling and accuracy related issues have been not yet solved and discussed in details. In this contribution we report about two case studies realized with photogrammetry and laser scanner and we provide some advices and suggestions about the more suitable 3D modeling method for a given object, taking into account its size and shape complexity, the required accuracy and the target application.
Purification and characterization of <i>N</i>‐glycolylneuraminic‐acid‐specific lectin from <i>Scylla serrata</i> (1993)

A sialic-acid-binding lectin with specificity for N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NeuGc) was purified from the hemolymph of the marine crab Scylla serrata by affinity chromatography using thyroglobulin-coupled agarose. The binding specificity of Scylla lectin distinguishes it from other known sialic-acid-specific lectins found in Limulus polyphemus and Limax flavus, which show a broader range of specificity for sialic acids. The molecular mass of the purified lectin is about 55 kDa. Under reducing conditions (SDS/PAGE), it resolved into two subunits of 30 kDa and 25 kDa. NeuGc inhibited hemagglutination activity of the purified lectin at a concentration as low as 0.6 mM, whereas N-acetylneuraminic acid (NeuAc) even at a concentration of 100 mM, failed to inhibit hemagglutination. This finding was supported by potent inhibition of hemagglutination by bovine and porcine thyroglobulins, which contain a NeuGc alpha 2-6Gal as terminal component of oligosaccharide residues. Neither glycoproteins (glycophorin NN; porcine submaxillary mucin), which contain NeuAc alpha 2-3Gal/GalNAc and NeuAc alpha 2-6GalNAc, nor human acid glycoprotein, which contains NeuAc alpha 2-3/alpha 2-6 Gal, or colominic acid, a sialopolymer with NeuAc alpha 2-8NeuAc, inhibited the lectin activity. The specificity of the lectin for NeuGc appears to account for the fact that it agglutinates rabbit and mice erythrocytes, but not human A, O, AB, rat or chicken erythrocytes, which contain NeuAc. The inability of the lectin to agglutinate erythrocytes (horse) that prominently express NeuGc could be due to O-acetylation of NeuGc. In support of this, bovine submaxillary mucin, which contains O-acetylated NeuGc inhibited the hemagglutination of the lectin better after removal of O-acetyl groups by base treatment. The unique specificity of Scylla lectin is of diagnostic potential for human cancer tissues expressing NeuGc, since NeuGc is not found in normal human tissues.
Icosatree Data Partitioning of Massive Geospatial Point Clouds with User-Selectable Entities and Surface Modeling (2016)

Massive point cloud data sets are currently being created and studied in academia, the private sector, and the military. Many previous attempts at rendering point clouds have allowed the user to visualize the data in a three-dimensional way but did not allow them to interact with the data and would require all data to be in memory at runtime. Recently, a few systems have emerged that deal with real-time rendering of massive point clouds with on-the-fly level of detail modification that handles out-of-core processing but these systems have their own limitations. With the size and scale of massive point cloud data coming from LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems, being able to visualize the data as well as interact and transform the data is needed.\nPrevious work in out-of-core rendering showed that using Octrees and k-d trees can increase the availability of data as well as allow a user to visualize the information in a much more useful manner. However, viewing the data isn’t enough; applying work in context-aware selection and surface creation the visualization system would greatly benefit in usability and functionality.\nThis paper explores a new data structure called an Icosatree, or icosahedral tree, that can be used to partition a point cloud dataset in the same fashion as an Octree is currently used. However, the Icosatree is made from triangular prism sub-cells which are tangential to the ellipsoidal surface used by Earth-based projected coordinate systems. In doing so, as new sub-cells are added to the rendering system, a much more uniform visualization emerges.\nAlong the same lines, this paper applies portions of the aforementioned context-aware selection and surface creation algorithms to the resulting visualization such that a user may triangulate, prune and/or export portions of the point cloud dataset using an intuitive three dimensional interface and user-modifiable set of parameters. This allows the user to save items of interest for later analysis.
Steroids from the Gorgonian <i>Isis hippuris</i> (2005)

Six new polyoxygenated steroids, hippuristerones J-L (1-3), hippuristerols E-F (4, 5), and a novel gorgosteroid, 1alpha,3beta,5beta,11alpha-tetrahydroxygorgostan-6-one (6), were isolated from the gorgonian Isis hippuris. The structures of these metabolites were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison of the NMR data with those of related steroids.
Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone: Biosynthesis, Cell Biology, and Bioactivity (1990)

THYROID-stimulating hormone is a 28,000 dalton, pituitary-derived glycoprotein that is composed of two noncovalently linked subunits, α and β. TSH is chemically related to the pituitary gonadotropins, LH, and FSH, and to placental CG. TSH is synthesized by thyrotropes of the anterior pituitary and stored in secretory granules; it is released into the circulation in a regulated manner, binds to thyroid cells, and activates them to release thyroid hormones. Smith (1) and Allen (2) performed experiments in the early 20th century suggesting that the pituitary contained a thyrotropic substance. Subsequently the subunit structure of the glycoprotein hormones has been determined, and the amino acid sequences of TSH subunits from several species have been learned. In recent years great progress has been made in determining the structures of TSH α and β-subunit genes and the chromosomal localizations and regulation of those genes. These advances have recently been reviewed by Shupnik et al. (3). The posttranslational processing events of TSH subunits have been learned in some detail, and the kinetics of the oligosaccharide processing and subcellular sites of subunit combination and processing have been studied. Investigations of the secretion, metabolic clearance, and bioactivity of TSH have demonstrated important biological roles for the TSH oligosaccharides. Although glycoprotein hormones have proved difficult to crystallize [deglycosylation may aid crystallization (4)], probable tertiary structures have been proposed, and use of monoclonal antibodies and other specialized techniques have allowed the function of domains of the subunits to be postulated.
Microwave-assisted gas/liquid interfacial synthesis of flowerlike NiO hollow nanosphere precursors and their application as supercapacitor electrodes (2011)

A rapid method based on an efficient gas/liquid interfacial microwave-assisted process has been developed to synthesize flowerlike NiO hollow nanosphere precursors, which were then transformed to NiO by simple calcinations. The wall of the sphere is composed of twisted NiO nanosheets that intercalated with each other. Such hollow structure is different from widely reported flowerlike nanostructures with solid cores. An Ostwald ripening mechanism was proposed for the formation of the hollow nanostructures. The products were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, high-resolution TEM, energy-dispersive X-ray analysis, and N2adsorption-desorption methods. These flowerlike NiO hollow nanospheres have high surface area of 176 m2 g−1. Electrochemical properties show a high specific capacitance of 585 F g−1 at a discharge current of 5 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability, suggesting its promising potentials in supercapacitors.
Performance of frame oriented turbo codes on UMTS channel with various termination schemes (2003)

This paper presents simulation results of frame oriented turbo codes on a simplified CDMA channel together with a classical scheme of similar complexity, that is a concatenation of convolutional code (K=9) with Reed Solomon code. Various trellis termination schemes are envisaged and in particular FOCTC (frame oriented convolutional turbo code) which is a type of self-terminating scheme. A new serial turbo decoding method of this latter scheme is presented as it performs better than the proposed parallel decoding scheme presented previously with equal complexity. At last, according to an analysis on an AWGN channel, the importance of interleaver design is underlined.
High sensitivity measurement of magnetic fields using microcantilevers (1997)

We have mounted magnetic γ−Fe2O3 particles on the end of a microcantilever in order to make a high sensitivity magnetic field sensor. An externally applied magnetic field exerts a torque on the acicular oxide particles which in turn deflects the cantilever. The deflection is measured using a sensitive optical detection system. We show how the effect of drift in the optical signal can be eliminated by continuously flipping the magnetization direction within the oxide by applying short, intense pulses of magnetic field. The sensor can resolve changes in applied field as small as 10−4 G (10 nT), and has good linearity over five orders of magnitude of applied field strength.
Windows 95 Game Developers Guide Using the Game Sdk (1996)

From the Publisher:
The Windows 95 Game Programming Developer's Guide Using the Game SDK explains the details of the Game SDK with examples that help you develop games for Windows 95. Written in a straightforward manner, this book efficiently delivers the information you need. You'll quickly learn the elements of game development. Unique tips and techniques to using DirectDraw, DirectSound, and DirectPlay will help you create professional games that you can market. If you're programming games for Windows 95, the Windows 95 Game Developer's Guide Using the Game SDK delivers the information you need to succeed.
Evaluation and analysis for mechanical strengths of low k dielectrics by a finite element method (2003)

We evaluated elastic modulus of various porous and nonporous inorganic low-k films by means of a nano-indentation. The elastic modulus of various low-k films shows a linear dependence on the film density for porous and nonporous inorganic low-k materials, respectively. We have studied the effect of pore aggregation on the elastic modulus of thin films by the finite element method (FEM) using the 2-dimensional random pore generation model. The FEM results for the elastic modulus, which were calculated for the 2-dimensional random pore model, fit extremely well with the experimental data obtained by the nano-indentation method.
Evaluation of Model-Enhanced Ultrasound-Assisted Interventional Guidance in a Cardiac Phantom (2010)

Minimizing invasiveness associated with cardiac procedures has led to limited visual access to the target tissues. To address these limitations, we have developed a visualization environment that integrates interventional ultrasound (US) imaging with preoperative anatomical models and virtual representations of the surgical instruments tracked in real time. In this paper, we present a comprehensive evaluation of our model-enhanced US-guidance environment by simulating clinically relevant interventions in vitro . We have demonstrated that model-enhanced US guidance provides a clinically desired targeting accuracy better than 3-mm rms and maintains this level of accuracy even in the case of image-to-patient misalignments that are often encountered in the clinic. These studies emphasize the benefits of integrating real-time imaging with preoperative data to enhance surgical navigation in the absence of direct vision during minimally invasive cardiac interventions.
Crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of a family 43 β-<scp>D</scp>-xylosidase from<i>Geobacillus stearothermophilus</i>T-6 (2005)

Beta-D-Xylosidases (EC 3.2.1.37) are hemicellulases that cleave single xylose units from the nonreducing end of xylooligomers. In this study, the crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of a beta-D-xylosidase from Geobacillus stearothermophilus T-6 (XynB3), a family 43 glycoside hydrolase, is described. XynB3 is a 535-amino-acid protein with a calculated molecular weight of 61 891 Da. Purified recombinant native and catalytic inactive mutant proteins were crystallized and cocrystallized with xylobiose in two different space groups, P2(1)2(1)2 (unit-cell parameters a = 98.32, b = 99.36, c = 258.64 A) and P4(1)2(1)2 (or the enantiomorphic space group P4(3)2(1)2; unit-cell parameters a = b = 140.15, c = 233.11 A), depending on the detergent. Transferring crystals to cryoconditions required a very careful protocol. Orthorhombic crystals diffract to 2.5 A and tetragonal crystals to 2.2 A.
SageShift: Managing SLAs for highly consolidated cloud (2012)

Maximizing consolidation ratio, the number of virtual machines (VMs) in a physical machine, without violating customers' SLAs is an important goal in the cloud. We show that it is difficult to achieve this goal with existing hypervisor schedulers. The schedulers control only the amount of resource allocation, but not the sequence of VM execution. This sequence can significantly impact the response time when requests arrive concurrently for the VMs sharing the same CPU. We find that the response time can increase as much as 100% for every additional VM in the system, even if the utilization does not exceed the maximum capacity. Therefore, existing schedulers have to reduce the consolidation ratio to meet SLAs. Previous resource-provisioning works rely on existing schedulers that cannot guarantee SLAs without reducing the consolidation ratio. We propose SageShift, a system that can achieve SLAs without penalizing the consolidation ratio. SageShift consists of a VM admission control - Sage, and a hypervisor scheduler - Shift. To admit a VM, Sage assesses feasibility of its SLA based on the patterns of incoming requests. Shift maintains the admitted SLAs by adjusting both the amount of resource allocation and the sequence of VM execution. The dynamic adjustment is based on the observed response time and the SLAs. We modify the KVM scheduler in Linux kernel to implement Shift. We show that Shift can improve the consolidation ratio by 66% without compromising the SLAs. Under bursty incoming requests, Shift maintains all SLAs within 3% of the percentile target. But existing schedulers in VMware ESXi, Xen and KVM fail to meet one or more SLAs with up to 33% below the percentile target. Shift is also work-conserving. It allows best-effort VMs to run in the background in order to maximize hardware utilization without impacting SLAs.
Prevention of the Development of Immediate Hypersensitivity and Airway Hyperresponsiveness following in vivo Treatment with Soluble IL-4 Receptor (1996)

The effects of local versus systemic treatment with soluble IL-4 receptors (sIL-4R) were tested in a model of allergen-induced immediate hypersensitivity responses in BALB/c mice. Mice sensitized through the airways to ovalbumin (OVA) by ultrasonic nebulization once a week for 4 weeks developed increased serum anti-OVA IgE and IgG1 antibody titers and these were accompanied by immediate-type skin test responses to the allergen. These responses were also associated with the development of increased airway responsiveness (AR) as monitored by electrical field stimulation of tracheal smooth muscle preparations in vitro. Sensitized mice, treated by intraperitoneal injections of sIL-4R (150 micrograms/injection) administered in parallel to the sensitization protocol, developed significant suppression of anti-OVA IgE, anti-OVA IgG1 antibody production and of immediate cutaneous hypersensitivity responses. Airway responsiveness was normalized to some extent. Total IgE production was only slightly reduced. These effects were comparable to the findings following intraperitoneal injection of monoclonal anti-IL-4 antibody. Administration of sIL-4R via the airways was also effective in inhibiting the development of immediate hypersensitivity responses, including IgE production, and was more potent in normalizing airway responsiveness. These effects were achieved at lower concentrations than needed for systemic treatment. These data suggest that delivery of sIL-4R via the airways can effectively modulate the development of immediate hypersensitivity and airway hyperresponsiveness in response to aerosolized allergen.
MPEG Surround (2005)

MPEG's most recent effort to progress the state of the art is the MPEG Surround work item. It provides an efficient method for coding multichannel sound via the transmission of a compressed stereophonic (or even monophonic) audio program plus a low-rate side-information channel. Benefits of this approach include backward compatibility with pervasive stereo playback systems while permitting next-generation players to reconstruct high-quality multichannel sound.
Approximation algorithms for Vietoris-Rips and Čech filtrations (2017)

Persistent Homology is a tool to analyze and visualize the shape of data from a topological viewpoint. It computes persistence, which summarizes the evolution of topological and geometric information about metric spaces over multiple scales of distances. While computing persistence is quite efficient for low-dimensional topological features, it becomes overwhelmingly expensive for medium to high-dimensional features. In this thesis, we attack this computational problem from several different angles. We present efficient techniques to approximate the persistence of metric spaces. Three of our methods are tailored towards general point clouds in Euclidean spaces. We make use of high dimensional lattice geometry to reduce the cost of the approximations. In particular, we discover several properties of the Permutahedral lattice, whose Voronoi cell is well-known for its combinatorial properties. The last method is suitable for point clouds with low intrinsic dimension, where we exploit the structural properties of the point set to tame the complexity. In some cases, we achieve a reduction in size complexity by trading off the quality of the approximation. Two of our methods work particularly well in conjunction with dimension-reduction techniques: we arrive at the first approximation schemes whose complexities are only polynomial in the size of the point cloud, and independent of the ambient dimension. On the other hand, we provide a lower bound result: we construct a point cloud that requires super-polynomial complexity for a high-quality approximation of the persistence. Together with our approximation schemes, we show that polynomial complexity is achievable for rough approximations, but impossible for sufficiently fine approximations. For some metric spaces, the intrinsic dimension is low in small neighborhoods of the input points, but much higher for large scales of distances. We develop a concept of local intrinsic dimension to capture this property. We also present several applications of this concept, including an approximation method for persistence. This thesis is written in English.
Analysis of the performance of a thermal defocusing optical limiter in the transient regime (1998)

A theoretical analysis of the performance of a thermal defocusing optical limiter in the transient regime-i.e., when the laser pulse duration is comparable to the acoustic transit time which governs the limiter response-is presented. First, an expression is obtained for the time- and space-dependent refractive index changes induced by a laser pulse in an absorbing liquid. This is used to calculate the nonlinear phase change experienced by the laser pulse while traversing the absorbing medium and then the transmission of the optical limiter. Results on the dependence of the optical limiter's performance on laser pulse duration are presented in a general form and also by considering a specific example.