gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
[Absorption, distribution and elimination of a labelled extract of Ginkgo biloba leaves in the rat]. (1986)

The absorption, distribution and elimination of a radiolabelled 14C extract prepared from Ginkgo biloba leaves have been studied in rats. Following oral administration, expired 14C-CO2 represented 16% of the administered dose excreted within the first 3 hours post-dose out of a total of 38% after 72 hours. An additional 21% of the administered dose was eliminated in the urine. The absorption of the radiolabelled Ginkgo biloba extract was at least 60%. The pharmacokinetics of the drug, based on blood specific activity data versus time course, were characteristic of a two-compartment model with an apparent first order phase and a biological half-life of approximatively 4.5 h. During the first 3 hours, radioactivity was primarily associated with the plasma, but through a gradual uptake after 48 h. The specific activity in erythrocytes matched that of plasma. A site of absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract is suspected since specific activity in blood peaked after 1.5 hours. Glandular and neuronal tissues and eyes showed a high affinity for the labelled substance. These results provide the first tentative link between the therapeutic effectiveness of Ginkgo biloba extract and the biological fate of some of its constituents.
Gadolinium-Ethoxybenzyl-DTPA, a New Liver-Specific Magnetic Resonance Contrast Agent: Kinetic and Enhancement Patterns in Normal and Cholestatic Rats (1992)

Data indicate that transport of Gd-EOB-DTPA through the liver into bile is driven by the organic anion transporter. The relation between enhancement of liver and kidney may be diagnostically useful to indirectly evaluate liver excretory function. Yet, persistent enhancement of liver, even in the presence of severe hyperbilirubinemia, should be sufficient to identify focal mass lesions.
Viral Trigger for Type 1 Diabetes (2008)

he most popular hypothesis circulating within and beyond the scientific community is that viral infections enhance or elicit autoimmune disorders such as type 1 diabetes. Indeed, viruses can injure -cells and have been isolated in pancreatic tissues from diabetic patients. However, accumulating evidence suggests that the opposite scenario, which is prevention or amelioration of type 1 diabetes, might be at least as common an outcome of viral infection. Here, we discuss epidemiological and experimental evidence for the main mechanisms accounting for the role of viruses in type 1 diabetes to better understand the complex relationship between viral infections and autoimmune diabetes.
Efficient Total Syntheses of Pumiliotoxins A and B. Applications of Iodide-Promoted Iminium Ion−Alkyne Cyclizations in Alkaloid Construction (1996)

A practical route for the total synthesis of pumiliotoxin A alkaloids is described. The central step is formation of the piperidine ring and establishment of the (Z)-alkylidene side chain by an iodide-promoted iminium ion−alkyne cyclization. The total synthesis of (+)-15(S)-pumiliotoxin A (2) was realized in 5 steps and 32% overall yield from alkyne 36 and epoxide 7. This synthesis of 2 proceeded in 13 steps and 12% overall yield from (S)-2-methyl-1-penten-3-ol (25) and 8 steps and 9% overall yield from N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-l-proline. The synthesis of (+)-pumiliotoxin B (3) was similarly achieved in four steps and 44% overall yield from alkyne 54 and epoxide 7. The overall yield of enantiopure 3 was 8% from N-[(benzyloxy)carbonyl]-l-proline and 10% from (4S,5R)-4-methyl-5-phenyl-2-oxazolidinone. These syntheses represent substantial improvement over previous routes to these important alkaloids.
Comparative Effectiveness of Intracerebroventricular, Intrathecal, and Intranasal Routes of AAV9 Vector Administration for Genetic Therapy of Neurologic Disease in Murine Mucopolysaccharidosis Type I (2021)

Mucopolysaccharidosis type I (MPS I) is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by deficiency of the lysosomal enzyme alpha-L-iduronidase (IDUA). The two current treatments [hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and enzyme replacement therapy (ERT)], are insufficiently effective in addressing neurologic disease, in part due to the inability of lysosomal enzyme to cross the blood brain barrier. With a goal to more effectively treat neurologic disease, we have investigated the effectiveness of AAV-mediated IDUA gene delivery to the brain using several different routes of administration. Animals were treated by either direct intracerebroventricular (ICV) injection, by intrathecal (IT) infusion into the cerebrospinal fluid, or by intranasal (IN) instillation of AAV9-IDUA vector. AAV9-IDUA was administered to IDUA-deficient mice that were either immunosuppressed with cyclophosphamide (CP), or immunotolerized at birth by weekly injections of human iduronidase. In animals treated by ICV or IT administration, levels of IDUA enzyme ranged from 3- to 1000-fold that of wild type levels in all parts of the microdissected brain. In animals administered vector intranasally, enzyme levels were 100-fold that of wild type in the olfactory bulb, but enzyme expression was close to wild type levels in other parts of the brain. Glycosaminoglycan levels were reduced to normal in ICV and IT treated mice, and in IN treated mice they were normalized in the olfactory bulb, or reduced in other parts of the brain. Immunohistochemical analysis showed extensive IDUA expression in all parts of the brain of ICV treated mice, while IT treated animals showed transduction that was primarily restricted to the hind brain with some sporadic labeling seen in the mid- and fore brain. At 6 months of age, animals were tested for spatial navigation, memory, and neurocognitive function in the Barnes maze; all treated animals were indistinguishable from normal heterozygous control animals, while untreated IDUA deficient animals exhibited significant learning and spatial navigation deficits. We conclude that IT and IN routes are acceptable and alternate routes of administration, respectively, of AAV vector delivery to the brain with effective IDUA expression, while all three routes of administration prevent the emergence of neurocognitive deficiency in a mouse MPS I model.
Metal work-function-dependent barrier height of Ni contacts with metal-embedded nanoparticles to 4H-SiC (2012)

Metal, typically gold [Au], nanoparticles [NPs] embedded in a capping metal contact layer onto silicon carbide [SiC] are considered to have practical applications in changing the barrier height of the original contacts. Here, we demonstrate the use of silver [Ag] NPs to effectively lower the barrier height of the electrical contacts to 4H-SiC. It has been shown that the barrier height of the fabricated SiC diode structures (Ni with embedded Ag-NPs) has significantly reduced by 0.11 eV and 0.18 eV with respect to the samples with Au-NPs and the reference samples, respectively. The experimental results have also been compared with both an analytic model based on Tung's theory and physics-based two-dimensional numerical simulations.
A Tunable Bandpass-to-Bandstop Reconfigurable Filter With Independent Bandwidths and Tunable Response Shape (2010)

The theory of bandpass-to-bandstop reconfigurable filters is developed in this work, and example filters are demonstrated. Designs are developed that allow for reconfigurable response shape and independent bandwidths in the bandpass and bandstop modes of the filter. These capabilities could potentially be useful in dynamic, open spectrums, concurrent transmit-receive systems, and multimode antenna array applications. The demonstrated filters were fabricated using substrate integrated evanescent-mode cavity resonators. The resonators are tuned using deformation of a copper membrane induced by a piezoelectric actuator. In measurement, a 1.06% 3-dB bandwidth bandpass filter with 2.6-dB passband insertion loss was switched to a 0.82% 3-dB <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">S</i> <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">11</sub> bandwidth bandstop filter with 45 dB of isolation.
Kontroversi Tentang Naskah Wangsakerta (2012)

Pada awal tahun 2002, di surat kabar terbesar di Jawa Barat, muncul perdebatan tentang Naskah Wangsakerta. Perdebatan ini muncul ketika naskah ini dijadikan rujukan untuk menentukan Hari Jadi Provinsi Jawa Barat oleh seorang pakar filologi, Edi S. Ekadjati (selanjutnya disingkat ESE). Penulis, sebagai seorang sejarawan, mempertanyakan keabsahan penggunaan naskah ini sebagai sumber sejarah mengingat kontroversi tentang naskah ini. Pada akhir tahun 1980-an, terjadi polemik di surat kabar, majalah, antara para sejarawan, arkeolog, dan filolog tentang naskah ini. Seminar dan diskusi juga telah mengangkat masalah naskah ini ke percaturan nasional.
Reviews (1967)

Reviews Get access DOSTOIEVSKY , by A. Steinberg . London , Bowes & Bowes , 1966 ; pp. 126 ; 15s. DOSTOEVSKY'S QUEST FOR FORM: A STUDY OF HIS PHILOSOPHY OF ART , by R. L. Jackson . New Haven and London , Yale University Press , 1966 ; pp. xiii, 274 ; $6.00 and 45s. R. A. PEACE R. A. PEACE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume 14, Issue 10, October 1967, Pages 394–395, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/14-10-394 Published: 01 October 1967
Urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate as an indicator of experimental congestive heart failure in rats (1990)

STUDY OBJECTIVE--The aim was to investigate the relationship between urinary cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP) excretion and activation of the heart endocrine function in two rat models of cardiac failure. DESIGN--Left ventricular infarction and aging in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) are two models that could lead to congestive heart failure. In the first the degree of failure depends on the length of the infarcted area. In the second the degree of failure depends on time. Urinary cyclic GMP, plasma atrial natriuretic factor (ANF), and degree of congestive heart failure were evaluated in both models. EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS--31 male Wistar rats were used for myocardial infarction and sham operated controls. Spontaneously hypertensive (SHR) rats (2, 6, 12 and 24 months old, n = 10 per group) were used for the age overload studies. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS--In myocardial infarction, the amount of left ventricular ANF mRNA, plasma ANF concentration, and urinary cyclic GMP excretion were correlated and were proportional to the degree of cardiac failure, as assessed by the increase in right ventricular mass and the decrease in blood pressure. In male SHR (aged 6-24 months), plasma ANF and urinary cyclic GMP were correlated, increased with age, and were proportional to the heart to body weight ratio. These correlations between plasma ANF, daily urinary cyclic GMP excretion, and left ventricular hypertrophy persisted in two year old SHR. The presence of pleural extravasation in these old animals was also characterised by significant increases in both plasma ANF and urinary cyclic GMP. The plasma ANF and the daily urinary cyclic GMP excretion were negative prognostic indicators of life expectancy in two year old SHR. CONCLUSIONS--Urinary cyclic GMP excretion, correlated with the plasma ANF level, is a non-invasive indicator of congestive heart failure in two models of overloaded left ventricle in rats.
Quantization of Bianchi Models in N=1 Supergravity with a Cosmological Constant (1994)

We study the quantization of some cosmological models within the theory of N=1 supergravity with a positive cosmological constant. We find, by imposing the supersymmetry and Lorentz constraints, that there are no physical states in the models we have considered. For the k=1 Friedmann-Robertson-Walker model, where the fermionic degrees of freedom of the gravitino field are very restricted, we have found two bosonic quantum physical states, namely the wormhole and the Hartle-Hawking state. From the point of view of perturbation theory, it seems that the gravitational and gravitino modes that are allowed to be excited in a supersymmetric Bianchi-IX model contribute in such a way to forbid any physical solutions of the quantum constraints. This suggests that in a complete perturbation expansion we would have to conclude that the full theory of N=1 supergravity with a non-zero cosmological constant should have no physical states.
Analysis of the Transport Rates of Citric Acid through a Supported Liquid Membrane Containing Tri-<i>n</i>-octylamine (1996)

The transport of citric acid from aqueous solutions through a supported liquid membrane containing tri-n-octylamine was studied. The strip phase was either a sodium carbonate solution or deionized water. A transport model was proposed considering aqueous film diffusion, interfacial chemical reaction, and membrane diffusion. The calculated rates were found to be in good agreement with the measured ones (average standard error, 12%). Under the conditions examined, it was shown that the transport process was governed by mixed interfacial chemical reaction and membrane diffusion. The effects of temperature and a water-insoluble organic acid added in the membrane phase on transport rate were also investigated.
Unequal error protection scheme based hierarchical 16-QAM for 3-D video transmission (2012)

In this paper, an unequal error protection (UEP) scheme based on hierarchical quadrature amplitude modulation (HQAM) for three-dimensional (3-D) video transmission is proposed. The proposed scheme exploits unique characteristics of the color plus depth map stereoscopic video, where the color sequence has a more significant impact on the reconstructed video quality. The UEP scheme assigns more protection to the color sequence than the depth map so as to achieve high quality 3-D video. Different levels of protection are assigned through hierarchical 16-QAM. The color data with high priority (HP) are mapped onto the most significant bits (MSBs) of the 16- QAM constellation points and the depth map with low priority (LP) are mapped onto the less significant bits (LSBs). Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed UEP scheme outperforms the conventional equal error protection (EEP) schemes by up to 5 dB in terms of the received left and right views quality.
Novel <scp>l</scp>-Xylose Derivatives as Selective Sodium-Dependent Glucose Cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) Inhibitors for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes (2009)

The prevalence of diabetes throughout the world continues to increase and has become a major health issue. Recently there have been several reports of inhibitors directed toward the sodium-dependent glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) as a method of maintaining glucose homeostasis in diabetic patients. Herein we report the discovery of the novel O-xyloside 7c that inhibits SGLT2 in vitro and urinary glucose reabsorption in vivo.
Development of a state variable-based static compensator model (2002)

The development and implementation of a static VAr (volt-ampere reactive) compensator (SVC) model for digital transient simulation packages are described. The SVC model consists of a 12-pulse thyristor controlled reactor (TCR) with a thyristor switched capacitor (TSC). The equations for the circuit are obtained in state variable form using graph theory techniques and result in accurate, numerically stable solutions. The switching of the TSC capacitors has been modeled in a novel manner that saves on storage and computation time. The method of interfacing the model to a power system transients program is discussed. The transients program can be used to model large power systems external to the SVC model. A demonstration of the use of the SVC model in a power system simulation with the EMTDC packager is presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
State-Space Approach to Computing Spacecraft Pointing Jitter (2004)

Pointing jitter refers to unwanted line-of-sight motion incurred by a pointing system over a time window of specified duration. Jitter acts to smear images and degrade the quality of science obtainable from camera-type instruments. A recent mathematical expression for finite window pointing jitter involves the frequency-domain integral of a rational polynomial multiplied by a transcendental weighting function. Because of its complexity, the expression is generally evaluated using numerical integration. The main contribution of this paper is a state-space method for evaluating the frequency-domain integral. In particular, an exact state-space expression is developed that can be evaluated by computing a matrix exponential and solving a Lyapunov equation.
Separation of Tantalum and Niobium by Solvent Extraction (1953)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSeparation of Tantalum and Niobium by Solvent ExtractionP. C. Stevenson and H. G. HicksCite this: Anal. Chem. 1953, 25, 10, 1517–1519Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1953Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1953https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60082a028https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60082a028research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views341Altmetric-Citations50LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Quantitative methods for evaluating optical and frictional properties of cationic polymers. (2001)

This paper presents three quantitative methods to examine gloss, opacity, and friction of cationic polymers. The adsorption of cationic polymers onto hair and skin can be regarded as a thin film coating. Therefore, optical and frictional properties of polymer films are of significant relevance to the applications of cationic polymers in hair care products. Such properties reflect the desirable hair condition attributes consumers seek in shampoo and conditioner products. Using these test methods, polyquaternium-10 and cationic guar samples of varying molecular weight and cationic substitution were compared. The effect of an anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), on polymer film properties was also investigated. Neat guar hydroxypropyl trimonium chloride imparts less friction than polyquaternium-10 but dulls the substrate employed in this study. The optical data show that polyquaternium-10 provides greater film clarity and gloss than cationic guars. In the presence of SDS, polyquaternium-10 also displays similar or lower friction than cationic guar. The comparative optical and frictional results are in good agreement with the visual assessment of the cationic polymer films. These results clearly demonstrate that polyquaternium-10 exhibits superior film properties in the forms of both neat polymer and polymer/surfactant complex. In addition, microscopic techniques such as scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) provide powerful explanations for the differences noted between the two popular classes of cationic polymers. The test methods described in this paper can be utilized to differentiate the upper performance potential of cationic polymers. These objective and standardized test methods derived from the coatings industry are not affected by the variability of hair or the formulation complexity of end products. They can be useful tools in the product development process in quickly screening the relative performance of different polymers.
Factors affecting the production of (-)-mitorubrinic acid byPenicillium funiculosum (2000)

The optimum conditions for the production of (-)-mitorubrinic acid by mutant strain of Penicillium funiculosum CCM F-8080 were examined in shaken flask cultures. The highest production of this metabolite was achieved in a medium with glucose as the sole carbon source and (NH4)2HPO4 as the nitrogen source. The most suitable concentrations of the given sources for production of (-)-mitorubrinic acid are 80 g/l glucose and 2 g/l (NH4)2HPO4 (maximal production, 814.9 mg/l). We also observed the influence of concentration of L-phenylalanine and inorganic phosphate in culture medium on the production of (-)-mitorubrinic acid. The biological activity of mitorubrinic acid as trypsin inhibitor was determined (IC50 41.05 mumol/l).
Sustained LFA‐1 cluster formation in the immune synapse requires the combined activities of <scp>L</scp>‐plastin and calmodulin (2010)

Formation of immune synapses (IS) between T cells and APC requires multiple rearrangements in the actin cytoskeleton and selective receptor accumulation in supramolecular activation clusters (SMAC). The inner cluster (central SMAC) contains the TCR/CD3 complex. The outer cluster (peripheral SMAC) contains the integrin LFA-1 and Talin. Molecular mechanisms selectively stabilizing receptors in the IS remained largely unknown. Here, we demonstrate that sustained LFA-1 clustering in the IS is a consequence of the combined activities of the actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) and calmodulin. Thus, upon antigen-recognition of T cells, LPL accumulated predominantly in the peripheral SMAC. siRNA-mediated knock-down of LPL led to a failure of LFA-1 and Talin redistribution - however, not TCR/CD3 relocalization - into the IS. As a result of this LPL knock-down, the T-cell/APC interface became smaller over time and T-cell proliferation was inhibited. Importantly, binding of calmodulin to LPL was required for the maintenance of LPL in the IS and consequently inhibition of calmodulin also prevented stable accumulation of LFA-1 and Talin, but not CD3, in the IS.
Fluorometric determination of acrolein and related compounds with m-aminophenol (1968)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFluorometric determination of acrolein and related compounds with m-aminophenolR. A. AlarconCite this: Anal. Chem. 1968, 40, 11, 1704–1708Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1968Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1968https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac60267a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ac60267a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views777Altmetric-Citations90LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts