gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
LS-CS-Residual (LS-CS): Compressive Sensing on Least Squares Residual (2010)

We consider the problem of recursively and causally reconstructing time sequences of sparse signals (with unknown and time-varying sparsity patterns) from a limited number of noisy linear measurements. The sparsity pattern is assumed to change slowly with time. The key idea of our proposed solution, LS-CS-residual (LS-CS), is to replace compressed sensing (CS) on the observation by CS on the least squares (LS) residual computed using the previous estimate of the support. We bound CS-residual error and show that when the number of available measurements is small, the bound is much smaller than that on CS error if the sparsity pattern changes slowly enough. Most importantly, under fairly mild assumptions, we show “stability” of LS-CS over time for a signal model that allows support additions and removals, and that allows coefficients to gradually increase (decrease) until they reach a constant value (become zero). By “stability,” we mean that the number of misses and extras in the support estimate remain bounded by time-invariant values (in turn implying a time-invariant bound on LS-CS error). Numerical experiments, and a dynamic MRI example, backing our claims are shown.
Professional Development Awards (2018)

Professional Development Awards (PDAs) in Management are for managers at all levels within an organisation. It gives managers an opportunity to develop their performance in their job to become more effective and to progress their career.
Anodic reactions in microbial fuel cells (1983)

Potentiometric and amperometric measurements were made with microbial fuel cells containing E. coli or yeast as the anodic reducing agent and glucose as the oxidizable substrate. The catalytic effects of thionine and resorufin on the anode reaction were investigated. Results on the potentiometry, polarization, and coulombic output of the cells support a mediator-coupled mechanism for the transfer of electrons from the organism to the electrode in preference to a mechanism of "direct" electrochemical oxidation of glucose or its degradation products. Experiments with (14)C-labeled glucose show that when a microbial fuel cell produces a current under load, exogenous glucose is metabolized to produce (14)CO(2). The Coulombic yields of the cells indicate a high degree of energy conversion in these systems.
UNIQUENESS IN GENERALIZED THERMOELASTICITY IN UNBOUNDED DOMAINS (1993)

It is proved that the initial-boundary value problem of linear generalized thermoelasticity in anisotropic media has a unique solution in unbounded domains.
Requirement of Functional<i>Ethylene-Insensitive 2</i>Gene for Efficient Resistance of Arabidopsis to Infection by<i>Botrytis cinerea</i>  (1999)

Inoculation of wild-type Arabidopsis plants with the fungus Alternaria brassicicola results in systemic induction of genes encoding a plant defensin (PDF1.2), a basic chitinase (PR-3), and an acidic hevein-like protein (PR-4). Pathogen-induced induction of these three genes is almost completely abolished in the ethylene-insensitive Arabidopsis mutant ein2-1. This indicates that a functional ethylene signal transduction component (EIN2) is required in this response. The ein2-1 mutants were found to be markedly more susceptible than wild-type plants to infection by two different strains of the gray mold fungus Botrytis cinerea. In contrast, no increased fungal colonization of ein2-1 mutants was observed after challenge with avirulent strains of either Peronospora parasitica or A. brassicicola. Our data support the conclusion that ethylene-controlled responses play a role in resistance of Arabidopsis to some but not all types of pathogens.
Optimal Sizing of Planar Thermal Spreaders (1994)

Two-dimensional cylindrical and three-dimensional Cartesian thermal spreaders are studied. One of the surfaces is convectively coupled to a uniform environmental temperature while the opposite surface is subjected to a uniform heat flux distribution over a portion of its boundary. The problem is generalized through the introduction of appropriate dimensionless variables, and analytical solutions for the temperature field are presented for each coordinate system. The solutions depend on the usual geometric and heat transfer groups. It is found that, for a range of realistic Biot numbers and a given ratio of the spreader to heater dimensions, a dimensionless spreader thickness exists for which the temperature of the heater reaches a minimum value. Optimal thickness curves are presented for these ranges.
Rapid Assessment of the Physiological Status of the Polychlorinated Biphenyl Degrader <i>Comamonas testosteroni</i> TK102 by Flow Cytometry (2002)

The viability of the polychlorinated biphenyl-degrading bacterium Comamonas testosteroni TK102 was assessed by flow cytometry (FCM) with the fluorogenic ester Calcein-AM (CAM) and the nucleic acid dye propidium iodide (PI). CAM stained live cells, whereas PI stained dead cells. When double staining with CAM and PI was performed, three physiological states, i.e., live (calcein positive, PI negative), dead (calcein negative, PI positive), and permeabilized (calcein positive, PI positive), were detected. To evaluate the reliability of this double-staining method, suspensions of live and dead cells were mixed in various proportions and analyzed by FCM. The proportion of dead cells measured by FCM directly correlated with the proportion of dead cells in the sample (y = 0.9872 x + 0.18; R(2) = 0.9971). In addition, the proportion of live cells measured by FCM inversely correlated with the proportion of dead cells in the sample (y = -0.9776 x + 98.36; R(2) = 0.9962). The proportion of permeabilized cells was consistently less than 2%. These results indicate that FCM in combination with CAM and PI staining is rapid (<or=1 h) and distinguishes correctly among live, dead, and permeabilized cells.
Total synthesis of carbocyclic nikkomycin C (1997)

The carbocyclic analogue 11 of nikkomycin C 1 is prepared by a sequence involving allylic rearrangement of the imino ester adduct 3, palladium-mediated substitution of the allylic lactone 4c with uracil bis(trimethylsilyl)ether 6, and osmylation of the double bond.
Lost Circulation Material Selection, Particle Size Distribution and Fracture Modeling with Fracture Simulation Software (2008)

Abstract Lost circulation costs operators millions of dollars annually. Generally speaking, the drilling industry handles lost circulation much as it did 40 years ago. A significant effort has taken place to understand the mechanics behind lost circulation, what new tools can be developed to help locate the thief zone and what new steps can be taken to minimize or eliminate this problem. Controlling circulation loss during well construction is more than just selecting the proper type of lost circulation material (LCM). A fully engineered approach is recommended. This approach incorporates borehole stability analysis, equivalent circulating density (ECD) modeling, leak-off flow-path geometry considerations, drilling fluid and LCM material selection to help minimize effects on ECD, on-site monitoring using pressure while drilling (PWD), connection flow monitoring techniques, and timely application of LCM and treatments. In many cases, the success or failure of LCM will be largely dependent on the decisions taken and methods employed when using the LCM. A major service company has engineered solutions designed to reduce drilling non-productive time (NPT) due to lost circulation. A multi-disciplinary menu of services and tools is available to support the planning and application stages. Specialty software is used during the planning stage leading to the application of unique products and systems during the delivery stage. A feasibility study by technology specialists may include a wide range of tools during the planning stage to support data acquisition, modeling and design of the application stage. Planning services include hydraulics and fracture characterization modeling to assess expected ECD and their effect on potential lost circulation intervals. The fracture characterization modeling for borehole stress treatments uses a module added to a hydraulics modeling software package that estimates both the expected fracture width and the particle size distribution (PSD) required to plug the induced fracture and prevent propagation. Application services may include delivery of specialized lost circulation materials and systems in either a preventive (pretreatment and/or borehole stress treatments to strengthen the wellbore) or corrective mode (mitigating lost circulation and, where possible, providing additional wellbore strength).
Additive manufacturing of metals as seen from within: in situ optical probes for defect mapping (Conference Presentation) (2018)

Irregularities in process conditions during powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) can lead to localized defects and poor part quality. At the same time, because PBF-AM is a layer-by-layer process, material properties such as defect concentration can be characterized in situ, thus providing an opportunity to ‘qualify as you build.’ Here we review methods based on high speed, multi-wavelength optical measurements of melt pool evolution, material ejection and layer-to-layer height variation during PBF processing, and compare the results to ex situ x-ray tomographic measurements. We also discuss the complex mechanisms related to the interaction between the melt pool, laser beam, and powder bed which ultimately drive defect formation. Along with providing process monitoring data to facilitate part certification, data provided by in situ optical diagnostics can help validate process models. The practical implementation of these high speed diagnostics into commercial platforms is also discussed. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344.
A method for identifying simultaneously-transmitted signals from different transmit antennas in multi-antenna channel sounding experiments (2008)

A method is described for identifying simultaneous signals from different transmit antennas in multi-antenna sounders. Multiple orthogonal signals are produced from one pseudorandom code by using it to modulate RF carriers at pre-calculated offset frequencies. Although their frequency spectra are interleaved, the spectral lines from different transmitters are separable by Fourier transform at the receiver output. Since there is a one-to-one relationship between the length of the signal required for Fourier analysis and the number of orthogonal sounding signals, any arbitrary number of such signals can be generated, but Doppler spreads limit the number that can be employed with acceptable isolation among them.
Suzuki Coupling of Aryl Organics on Diamond (2008)

We demonstrate a facile method for the Suzuki coupling of aryl molecules on the diamond surface. This is a more versatile alternative compared to previous coupling methods based on alkene linkers because it opens up possibilities for the application of diamond in molecular electronics and photovoltaics. The diamond surface is premodified with aryldiazonium salt in order to functionalize it with aryl halide or aryl boronic acid, and these are then used as synthons in the subsequent Suzuki coupling to aryl molecules. This method is highly specific and can be used for the uninterrupted molecular conjugation of diamond to a large class of organic molecules. As a proof of concept, we also demonstrate a diamond−fullerene photocurrent converter by using Suzuki coupled oligothiophene as the conjugated linker between diamond (electron donor) and fullerene (electron acceptor).
Novel production of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist peptides in normal human cornea. (1995)

Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) is an important modulator of IL-1 activity in a variety of tissues. IL-1ra is differentially produced by different cell types as a 22-26-kD secreted peptide (sIL-1ra) and/or a smaller 16- or 18-kD intracellular peptide (icIL-1ra). This study was undertaken to evaluate the production of IL-1ra in the human cornea. IL-1ra mRNA can be detected in early passage human corneal epithelial cells and corneal stromal fibroblasts and is significantly enhanced by IL-1. Corneal endothelial cells do not express IL-1ra mRNA. Immunohistochemical studies of cultured corneal cells and whole human cornea demonstrate IL-1ra protein production by both the epithelial and stromal cells but not the endothelial cells. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, ELISA, and immunoprecipitation studies indicate that corneal epithelial cells are capable of producing both icIL-1ra and sIL-1ra forms of IL-1ra whereas the corneal stromal cells produce only icIL-1ra. In addition to the larger 18-kD icIL-1ra, both corneal epithelial and stromal cells are also capable of producing a smaller recently described 16-kD icIL-1ra. Thus, the differential production of IL-1ra in the human cornea is unique; whereas both epithelial and stromal cells produce icIL-1ra (type 1 and type 2), the epithelial cells appear to also produce sIL-1ra. It is proposed that these IL-1ra proteins may play an important role in regulating IL-1-induced corneal inflammation.
Experiments in mobile spatial audio-conferencing (2008)

In this paper we describe an exploration into the usability of spatial sound and multimodal interaction techniques for a mobile phone conferencing application. We compared traditional keypad based-interaction to that of a newer approach using the phone itself as a device to navigate within a virtual spatial auditory environment. While the traditional keypad interaction proved to be more straightforward to use, there was no significant impact on task completion times or number of interaction movements made between the techniques. Overall, users felt that the spatial audio application supported group awareness while aiding peripheral task monitoring. They also felt it aided the feeling of social connectedness and offered enhanced support for communication.
Advanced Deep-Learning Techniques for Salient and Category-Specific Object Detection: A Survey (2018)

Object detection, including objectness detection (OD), salient object detection (SOD), and category-specific object detection (COD), is one of the most fundamental yet challenging problems in the computer vision community. Over the last several decades, great efforts have been made by researchers to tackle this problem, due to its broad range of applications for other computer vision tasks such as activity or event recognition, content-based image retrieval and scene understanding, etc. While numerous methods have been presented in recent years, a comprehensive review for the proposed high-quality object detection techniques, especially for those based on advanced deep-learning techniques, is still lacking. To this end, this article delves into the recent progress in this research field, including 1) definitions, motivations, and tasks of each subdirection; 2) modern techniques and essential research trends; 3) benchmark data sets and evaluation metrics; and 4) comparisons and analysis of the experimental results. More importantly, we will reveal the underlying relationship among OD, SOD, and COD and discuss in detail some open questions as well as point out several unsolved challenges and promising future works.
On Books and Bytes (2001)

Compares the process experienced through the reading of books with that of taking information from the internet. Indicates that the interaction between the book reader and the text is very rich and based around the life experiences of the reader. Indicates the importance with regard to the internet of organizing data and information into active knowledge. People need to be “participators of knowledge who will bring their inherent creativity to an understanding of how to use their knowledge”.
Seuils de pierre en Gaule méridionale : l'exemple d'Olbia (Hyères, Var) (1994)

The typological and chronological study of the thresholds of the Olbia site (Hyères-les-Palmiers, Var) allowed to individualise four major categories : the thresholds without rabbet, the thresholds with broad step, the thresholds with narrow step and running groove. The chronological information of the excavations from Olbia or from other numerous sites in southern Gaul have allowed to define an evolution between broad step and narrow step thresholds.
Novel Food Packaging Techniques (2003)

Part 1 Types and roles of active and intelligent packaging: active and intelligent packaging: an introduction Oxygen, ethylene and other scavengers Antimicrobial food packaging Non-migratory bioactive polymers (NMBP) in food packaging Time-temperature indicators (TTIs) The use of freshness indicators in packaging Packaging-flavour interactions Moisture regulation. Part 2 Developments in modified atmosphere packaging (MAP): Novel MAP applications for fresh-prepared produce MAP, product safety and nutritional quality Reducing pathogen risks in MAP-prepared produce Detecting leaks in modified atmosphere packaging Combining MAP with other preservation techniques Integrating MAP with new germicidal techniques Improving MAP through conceptual models. Part 3 Novel packaging and particular products: Active packaging in practice: meat fish Active packaging and colour control: the case of meat The case of fruit and vegetables. Part 4 General issues: Optimizing packaging Legislative issues relating to active and intelligent packaging Recycling packaging materials Green plastics for food packaging Integrating intelligent packaging, storage and distribution Testing consumer responses to new packaging concepts MAP performance under dynamic temperature conditions.
Robot-assisted image-guided transcranial magnetic stimulation for somatotopic mapping of the motor cortex: a clinical pilot study (2009)

Ri-TMS is suitable for high resolution non-invasive preoperative somatotopic mapping of the motor cortex. Ri-TMS may help in the planning of neurosurgical procedures and may be directly used in navigation systems.
Electronic image stabilization using multiple visual cues (2002)

Image stabilization is a key preprocessing step in dynamic image analysis and deals with the removal of unwanted image motion in a video sequence. This paper presents an integrated algorithm for the problem of image stabilization. The algorithm combines various visual cues such as points and horizon lines, and relies on an extended Kalman filter for the estimation of parameters of interest. We study both calibrated and uncalibrated stabilization cases, and consider the problem of the selection of model dynamics for the estimation of warping parameters. Experimental results from video sequences generated from off-road vehicle platforms show good performance of stabilization algorithm.
Neutron Scattering and Polarization by Ferromagnetic Materials (1951)

Neutron diffraction studies are reported on a series of magnetized and unmagnetized ferromagnetic materials. The diffraction patterns for unmagnetized, polycrystalline samples of Fe and Co are found to possess both nuclear and magnetic components with the latter in agreement with the magnetic scattering theory with respect both to intensity of scattering and form factor angular variation. Studies on the magnetic structure of ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ are shown to strongly support N\'eel's proposed ferrimagnetic structure. Predictions of the theory regarding intensity effects upon sample magnetization are fully confirmed and the Schwinger-Halpern-Johnson formulation of the interaction function between the neutron's magnetic moment and the internal fields in a ferromagnet is substantiated. A pronounced variation of intensity around the Debye ring in the diffraction pattern for a magnetized sample is found. Neutron polarization effects in the Bragg scattered beams from magnetized crystals of Fe and ${\mathrm{Fe}}_{3}$${\mathrm{O}}_{4}$ have been studied and it is shown that very highly polarized beams are obtained for certain reflections. This method of monochromatic beam polarization is found to compare very favorably with other methods with respect to polarization value, beam intensity, and ease of obtainment.
Designing classifier fusion systems by genetic algorithms (2000)

We suggest two simple ways to use a genetic algorithm (GA) to design a multiple-classifier system. The first GA version selects disjoint feature subsets to be used by the individual classifiers, whereas the second version selects (possibly) overlapping feature subsets, and also the types of the individual classifiers. The two GAs have been tested with four real data sets: heart, Satimage, letters, and forensic glasses. We used three-classifier systems and basic types of individual classifiers (the linear and quadratic discriminant classifiers and the logistic classifier). The multiple-classifier systems designed with the two GAs were compared against classifiers using: all features; the best feature subset found by the sequential backward selection method; and the best feature subset found by a CA. The GA design can be made less prone to overtraining by including penalty terms in the fitness function accounting for the number of features used.
Microtubule Stability and Assembly in Living Cells: The Influence of Metabolic Inhibitors, Taxol and pH (1982)

Most cells construct highly organized microtubule systems. During both interphase and mitosis, ordered patterns of microtubule assembly and disassembly determine the dynamic organization of the cytoplasm and confer directionality to various aspects of cell motility. To build organized microtubule networks, cells must be able to suppress the inherent tendency of tubulin monomers to assemble spontaneously. On the other hand, they must be able to induce assembly at specific sites called microtubule-organizing centers (MTOCs) (Pickett-Heaps 1975). Indeed, in cells depleted of microtubules by nocodazole or Colcemid, new fibers appear to grow preferentially from the centrosome in interphase cells (Frankel 1976; Osborn and Weber 1976; Brinkley et al, 1980) and from the centrosomes and kinetochores in mitotic cells (De Brabander et al. 1980; Witt et al. 1980).
Investigating the effect of pH on the surface chemistry of an amino silane treated nano silica (2011)

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of different PHS on the surface chemistry of fumed silica treated with aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS). Design/methodology/approach The reaction conditions involved variation of pH ranging from acidic to alkaline. Different analytical techniques including FT‐IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), CHN and Zeta potential analyses were employed to investigate the surface chemistry of treated particles. In addition, the stability of silanised silica dispersions were studied using turbidimetric and rheometric measurements. Findings It was revealed that in all conditions silica was more or less chemically grafted by the silane. When the pH of treating bath was adjusted to 1‐2 prior and during the reaction, 58 percent grafting was observed, as obtained by CHN and TGA analyses. At very alkaline conditions, however, the grafting content declined to 29 percent. The variations in grafting were dependent on the silane hydrolysis and its further condensation with the silica surface. Zeta potential measurements showed a drastic change from −7.1 mv to +18.01 mv (at pH 7) for the untreated particle and the one with the highest grafting, respectively. The dispersion stability of differently treated particles varied in solvents with different Hansen solubility parameters (HSP). Moreover, due to the variations of surface chemistry of particles, their rheological behaviours were significantly influenced. Originality/value The results obtained in this work showed that the surface chemistry of fume silica could be tuned with treating method. The highest content of grafting led to a better dispersion in solvents having greater hydrogen bonding component and to an inferior dispersion in solvents with higher polar component.