gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Selection of Common Markers for Bone Marrow Stromal Cells from Various Bones Using Real-Time RT-PCR: Effects of Passage Number and Donor Age (2007)

Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) are valuable in tissue engineering and cell therapy, but the quality of the cells is critical for the efficacy of therapy. To test the quality and identity of transplantable cells, we identified the molecular markers that were expressed at higher levels in BMSCs than in fibroblasts. Using numerous BMSC lines from tibia, femur, ilium, and jaw, together with skin and gum fibroblasts, we compared the gene expression profiles of these cells using DNA microarrays and low-density array cards. The differentiation potential of tibia and femur BMSCs was similar to that of iliac BMSCs, and different from jaw BMSCs, but all BMSC lines had many common markers that were expressed at much higher levels in BMSCs than in fibroblasts; several BMSC markers showed discrete expression patterns between jaw and other BMSCs. The common markers are probably useful in routine tests, but their efficacy may depend upon the passage number or donor age. In our study the passage number markedly altered the expression levels of several markers, while donor age had little effect on them. Considering the effects of in vivo location of BMSCs and passage, magnitude of increase in expression levels, and interindividual differences, we identified several reliable markers -- LIF, IGF1, PRG1, MGP, BMP4, CTGF, KCTD12, IGFBP7, TRIB2, and DYNC1I1 -- among many candidates. This marker set may be useful in a routine test for BMSCs in tissue engineering and cell therapy.
Potential etiologies of biliary atresia (2005)

Biliary atresia is the most common cause of neonatal cholestasis and the leading indication for pediatric liver transplantation worldwide. The disease is caused by a progressive inflammatory and fibrosing obliteration of the extrahepatic bile ducts. Although the cause of this obstruction is largely unknown, patient-based studies have identified environmental and genetic factors that may interact and orchestrate disease pathogenesis. Chief among these factors are infectious and immunologic processes. While infectious agents have varied in different patient populations, studies of liver specimens at different phases of disease point to a pro-inflammatory commitment of lymphocytes at the time of diagnosis, and to their potential role in regulating bile duct obstruction. A review of these studies is the focus of this article.
ITU-T G.729.1: AN 8-32 Kbit/S Scalable Coder Interoperable with G.729 for Wideband Telephony and Voice Over IP (2007)

This paper describes the scalable coder - G.729.1 - which has been recently standardized by ITU-T for wideband telephony and voice over IP (VoIP) applications. G.729.1 can operate at 12 different bit rates from 32 down to 8 kbit/s with wideband quality starting at 14 kbit/s. This coder is a bitstream interoperable extension of ITU-T G.729 based on three embedded stages: narrowband cascaded CELP coding at 8 and 12 kbit/s, time-domain bandwidth extension (TDBWE) at 14 kbit/s, and split-band MDCT coding with spherical vector quantization (VQ) and pre-echo reduction from 16 to 32 kbit/s. Side information - consisting of signal class, phase, and energy - is transmitted at 12, 14 and 16 kbit/s to improve the resilience and recovery of the decoder in case of frame erasures. The quality, delay, and complexity of G.729.1 are summarized based on ITU-T results.
From PVD to CVD to ALD for interconnects and related applications (2001)

As interconnect features migrate towards sub-100 nm structures, BEOL thin film technologies are forced to change. PVD, followed by collimated and I-PVD, is limited by directionality as well as bias-sputter-induced bevel formation. CVD fixes some problems but is challenging for high purity, ultra-thin high aspect ratio films. Atomic Layer Deposition (ALD) replaces both of these technologies in the sub-100 nm BEOL (but not until that point), with the promise of high purity, conformal, low temperature deposition controlled at the atomic scale. ALD initiation steps are critical and substrate-material dependant. The Ti (TiN) and Ta (TaN) ALD systems have been explored at 25 C and 150 C for a variety of interconnect materials and the results suggest some substrate interactions which may enhance the usage of ALD.
Host factors that impact the biodistribution and persistence of multipotent adult progenitor cells (2006)

Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs) are marrow-derived pluripotent stem cells with a broad differentiation potential. We sought to identify factors that affect adoptively transferred MAPCs. In vitro, MAPCs expressed low levels of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens, failed to stimulate CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cell alloresponses, and were targets of NK cytolysis. To study in vivo biodistribution, we labeled MAPCs with luciferase for sequential quantification of bioluminescence and DsRed2 for immunohistochemical analysis. C57BL /6 MAPCs were infused intravenously into C57BL /6, Rag-2(-/-) (T- and B-cell-deficient), and Rag-2(-/-)/IL-2Rgamma(c)(-/-) (T-, B-, and NK-cell-deficient) mice. In C57BL /6 mice, MAPCs were transiently detected only in the chest compared with long-term persistence in T- and B-cell-deficient mice. NK depletion reduced MAPC elimination. Because the lungs were the major uptake site after intravenous injection, intra-arterial injections were tested and found to result in more widespread biodistribution. Widespread MAPC biodistribution and long-term persistence were seen in irradiated recipients given allogeneic marrow and MAPCs; such MAPCs expressed MHC class I antigens in tissues. Our data indicate that the biodistribution and persistence of reporter gene-labeled MAPCs are maximized after intra-arterial delivery or host irradiation and that T cells, B cells, and NK cells contribute to in vivo MAPC rejection.
Green light is effective and less painful than red light in photodynamic therapy of facial solar keratoses (1997)

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) with topically applied delta-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) is increasingly employed to treat patients with multiple solar keratoses and superficial skin tumors. For these indications, ALA-PDT has been shown to be highly efficient. Treatment of multiple or extended lesions, however, is substantially hampered by the fact that ALA-PDT is associated with burning pain during the irradiation procedure. The standard irradiation devices commonly used for ALA-PDT emit red light around 630 nm. In the present half-side comparison study we have observed that ALA-PDT employing a green light irradiation device (543-548 nm) is equally effective, as compared with standard red light ALA-PDT. In contrast to red light ALA-PDT, however, green light ALA-PDT caused only little tingling and burning but no pain. These observations indicate that green light ALA-PDT is superior to standard ALA-PDT, because it is associated with less unwanted side effects.
Preliminary evaluation of glucose oxidase and its products in vitro antimicrobial activities on Paenibacillus larvae ATCC9545 vegetative form. (2015)

Paenibacillus larvae is the pathogen responsible for American foulbrood disease in honeybees. Today, no useful tool has been identified to contrast its spreading due to the spores diffusion, except for hives burning. The effect of glucose oxidase and its reaction products, hydrogen peroxide and gluconic acid, was evaluated against P. larvae ATCC9545. Minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined by microdilution method. MIC values were employed to evaluate the survival growth rates of P. larvae after each treatment in a macromethod test. Results showed an inhibitory effect of glucose oxidase, gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide at a minimum concentration of 0.28 μg/mL, 3.71 μg/mL and 0.74 μg/mL, respectively. For hydrogen peroxide MIC value corresponded to MBC value, while P. larvae survival growth rates at observed MIC was 98.3% and 91.6% for glucose oxidase and gluconic acid, respectively. Glucose oxidase MBC value (74.20 μg/mL) was remarkably higher than its MIC value. Even thought, the present work focused on the in vitro inhibitory effect of glucose oxidase and its reaction products only on P. larvae ATCC9545 vegetative form, the obtained results were promising and repeatable.
<i>MET</i> Exon 14 Mutations in Non–Small-Cell Lung Cancer Are Associated With Advanced Age and Stage-Dependent <i>MET</i> Genomic Amplification and c-Met Overexpression (2016)

MET exon 14 mutations represent a clinically unique molecular subtype of NSCLC. Prospective clinical trials with c-Met inhibitors will be necessary to validate MET exon 14 mutations as an important therapeutic target in NSCLC.
A Study on the Theoretical Basis and Cases of Community Youth Development(CYD) Practices in USA (2020)

This study deals with the theoretical basis of community youth development(CYD) and its cases of practices in USA. The study includes the implications of research result for the development of community-based youth work in Korea. Research method utilized the literature review of the relevant materials and common values and principles of CYD practices are used for research framework. Study results include youth as “problem-free, full-prepared, and engaged partners” for theoretical foundation of CYD and four types of practice cases of youth development(Queens Borough, New York), community development(Richmond City, California, youth-driven(Red Ridge City, Montana) and civic engagement (Hampton City, Virginia) as self-governing body focused approach. Research results implies the efforts of realization of the theoretical basis of CYD, the necessity of practical and policy approaches considering Korean situation, and the importance of community-base youth work for the purpose of just and healthy community for youth. Youth movement based on CYD apprach with all youth ogranizations and agencies for the development of youth work field in Korea.
Modeling of the hybrid electric drive with an electric power splitter and simulation of the fuel efficiency (2009)

This paper presents the results of the modeling of the HEV with an electric power splitter (EPS) and simulation of the fuel efficiency of this type of vehicle. The new innovative technological approach is presented by using the special type of synchronous machine that splits the mechanical power on two separate power transmission pats and therefore it is called electric power splitter. EPS is based on a double rotor synchronous permanent magnet generator. It is consisted of two rotating parts, a classic permanent magnet rotor and a rotating stator. The rotor is firmly coupled to the drive shaft of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle (ICE). The rotating stator, which structurally is typical AC machine stator, is firmly coupled to the transmission of the vehicle that leads to the car wheels. This technical solution enables the ICE to operate on the most optimal revolutions during the entire driving schedule. Two distinguish approaches has bean realized in order this new innovative technological solution to be confirmed as eligible. First approach is creation the mathematical model of the entire system, taking into account all the necessary preconditions, environment influences, machine and component characteristics. The results have been obtained by using this precisely determined mathematical model and by simulating the characteristics of all essential values for the entire drive, which gives clear view of the capabilities and potentials of this new HEV system. The second approach is based on experimental verification. In order to be performed the laboratory tests on this HEV concept, an experimental working stand was se up in the laboratory. ICE and the traction load are simula ted with controlled AC induction motors. The entire working stand presents complex machine, measure and control system for realization of this task.
The genotype–phenotype correlation in Pompe disease (2012)

Pompe disease is an autosomal recessive lysosomal glycogen storage disorder that is caused by acid α-glucosidase (GAA) deficiency and is due to pathogenic sequence variations in the corresponding GAA gene. The correlation between genotypes and phenotypes is strict, in that patients with the most severe phenotype, classic infantile Pompe disease, have two pathogenic mutations, one in each GAA allele, that prevent the formation of GAA or totally obliterates its function. All patients with less progressive phenotypes have at least one sequence variation that allows normal or low level synthesis of GAA leading to the formation of analytically measurable, low level GAA activity in most cases. There is an overall trend of finding higher GAA enzyme levels in patients with onset of symptoms in adulthood when compared to patients who show clinical manifestations in early childhood, aged 0-5 years, with a rapidly progressive course, but who lack the severe characteristics of classic infantile Pompe disease. However, several cases have been reported of adult-onset disease with very low GAA activity, which in all those cases corresponds with the GAA genotype. The clinical diversity observed within a large group of patients with functionally the same GAA genotype and the same c.-32-13C > T haplotype demonstrates that modifying factors can have a substantial effect on the clinical course of Pompe disease, disturbing the GAA genotype-phenotype correlation. The present day challenge is to identify these factors and explore them as therapeutic targets.
A Novel Route for Polystyrene Grafted Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotubes and their Characterization (2008)

Abstract A novel route to graft polystyrene from the surface of single walled carbon nanotubes has been discussed. Grafting of one styrene unit onto SWCNT sidewalls was successfully done by Friedel Craft acylation reaction using cheap and reusable ZnO catalyst. FT‐IR and Raman spectra and TGA show the effective grafting of styrene onto the SWCNT. End‐grafted polystyrene polymer was synthesized on the SWCNT surface by free radical polymerization. It is found that optimum monomer concentration, reaction temperature and time exist. NMR and FT‐IR spectroscopy confirm the grafting of polystyrene from the SWCNT surface. Little change in the nature of SWCNT is observed from Raman spectroscopy. Nanocomposite films prepared using polystyrene and functionalized carbon nanotubes exhibits low volume resistivity. magnified image
Dimerizations of .PI.-rich N-heteroaromatic compounds and xanthine derivatives. (1989)

Dimerization reactions of six π-rich N-heteroaromatic compounds (2-7) and five xanthine derivatives (8-12) in the presence of platinated palladium-carbon (Pd-Py/C) catalyst were investigated. N-Methylimidazole (2), benzimidazole (4) and N-methylbenzimidazole (5) condensed dehydrogenatively to afford the corresponding symmetric dimers when heated in the presence of Pd-Pt/C catalyst and pyridine N-oxide (1). On the other hand, imidazole (3), pyrazole (6) and N-methylpyrazole (7) did not dimerize under the same conditions. The same reactions using caffeine (10), 1, 7-dimethylhypoxanthine (9) gave the corresponding dimers.
Leukocytosis: basics of clinical assessment. (2000)

Leukocytosis, a common laboratory finding, is most often due to relatively benign conditions (infections or inflammatory processes). Much less common but more serious causes include primary bone marrow disorders. The normal reaction of bone marrow to infection or inflammation leads to an increase in the number of white blood cells, predominantly polymorphonuclear leukocytes and less mature cell forms (the "left shift"). Physical stress (e.g., from seizures, anesthesia or overexertion) and emotional stress can also elevate white blood cell counts. Medications commonly associated with leukocytosis include corticosteroids, lithium and beta agonists. Increased eosinophil or basophil counts, resulting from a variety of infections, allergic reactions and other causes, can lead to leukocytosis in some patients. Primary bone marrow disorders should be suspected in patients who present with extremely elevated white blood cell counts or concurrent abnormalities in red blood cell or platelet counts. Weight loss, bleeding or bruising, liver, spleen or lymph node enlargement, and immunosuppression also increase suspicion for a marrow disorder. The most common bone marrow disorders can be grouped into acute leukemias, chronic leukemias and myeloproliferative disorders. Patients with an acute leukemia are more likely to be ill at presentation, whereas those with a chronic leukemia are often diagnosed incidentally because of abnormal blood cell counts. White blood cell counts above 100,000 per mm3 (100 x 10(9) per L) represent a medical emergency because of the risk of brain infarction and hemorrhage.
Manifestation of nonlinear elasticity in rock: Convincing evidence over large frequency and strain intervals from laboratory studies (1995)

Nonlinear elastic response in rock is established as a robust and representative characteristic of rock rather than a curiosity. This behavior is illustrated from a variety of experiments conducted over many orders of magnitude in strain and frequency. The evidence leads to a pattern of unifying behavior in rock: (1) Nonlinear response in rock is enormous; (2) the response takes place over a large frequency interval (dc–106 Hz at least); (3) the response not only occurs, as is commonly appreciated, at large strains but also at small strains where nonlinear response and the manifestations of this behavior are commonly disregarded. Nonlinear response may manifest itself in a variety of manners, including a nonlinear stress−strain relation (hysteretic/discrete memory), nonlinear dissipation, harmonic generation, and resonant peak shift, all of which are related. The experiments described include: quasistatic stress−strain tests (strains of 10-4–10-1 at frequencies near dc-1Hz); torsional oscillator experiments (strains of 10−4–10−7, frequencies between 0.1 and 100Hz); resonant bar experiments (strains of 10−4–10−8, frequencies between 103 and 104 Hz); and dynamic, propagating wave experiments (strains of 10−6–10−9, frequencies between 103 and 106 Hz). [Work supported by OBES/DOE through the University of California and the Institut Français du Pétrole.]
BUCKLED BEAM LINEAR OUTPUT CAPACITIVE STRAIN SENSOR (2004)

A capacitive strain sensor employing a mechanical amplification scheme has been designed, analyzed, fabricated, and tested. The mechanical amplifier based on the bending of a buckled beam provides an increased device sensitivity, thus attractive on reducing the sensitivity requirement and power dissipation in the interface circuits. An analytical model was developed to predict the mechanical gain of the structure, which was confirmed by Finite-Element-Analysis (FEA), with an error of less than 1.5% of the measurement results. The fabricated device achieved a sensitivity of 282 atto-farads/microstrain (aF/ ). The mechanical thermal noise analysis shows that a sensitivity of 0.1 microstrains ( ) with a dynamic range of 10,000 (80dB) over 10 kHz bandwidth can be achieved combining this design with a matching interface circuit.
Soft Thrombus Formation in Radiofrequency Catheter Ablation (2002)

During RF catheter ablation, local temperature elevation can result in coagulum formation on the ablation electrode, resulting in impedance rise. A recent study has also demonstrated the formation of a so-called soft thrombus during experimental ablations. This deposit poorly adhered to the catheter tip and did not cause an impedance rise. The mechanism of soft thrombus formation and the role of the natural coagulation system are unknown. The formation of a soft thrombus was investigated experimentally by temperature-controlled RF delivery in heparinized blood at different heparin concentrations and in serum. After 60 seconds of RF delivery in blood with an electrode target temperature of 80 degrees C, a semisolidified mass had formed around the ablation electrode at all heparin concentrations. A smaller but structurally similar deposit had formed after RF delivery in serum. Scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed that these deposits consist of denaturized and aggregated proteins, and not of a classical thrombus. The formation of the so-called soft thrombus resultsfrom heat induced protein denaturation and aggregation and occurs independent of heparin concentration and also in serum. The formation of such deposits may occur at temperatures well below 100 degrees C, which may have important consequences for further development of ablation technologies.
Investigation on the diffusion barrier properties of sputtered Mo∕W–N thin films in Cu interconnects (2007)

Mo ∕ W – N bilayer thin film structures deposited on Si using sputtering have been studied as a copper diffusion barrier. The thermal stability of the barrier structure after annealing Cu∕Mo∕W–N∕⟨Si⟩ samples in N2 for 5min is studied using x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, and four point probe measurements. The failure of the barrier structure is indicated by the abrupt increase in sheet resistance value and the formation of Cu3Si phase as probed by XRD. Our results suggest that the Mo (5nm)∕W–N (5nm) barrier is stable and can prevent the formation of Cu3Si at least up to 775°C.
CEYLON (2014)

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Staining of <i>Escherichia coli</i> for flow cytometry: Influx and efflux of ethidium bromide (1994)

In an attempt to develop procedures for nucleic acid staining of bacteria for clinical routine assays, the uptake of ethidium bromide (EB) in wild-type Escherichia coli was studied using flow cytometry. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) containing EDTA or Tris significantly increased the net uptake of EB compared to PBS only. However, in the majority of the cells, the net uptake reached a constant level that was only a few percent of that of fully permeabilized cells, apparently due to the activity of a metabolically driven efflux pump. When cells were exposed to cold shock (0 degrees C for 30 min) in the presence of Tris or EDTA, the net uptake of dye was similar to that of fully permeabilized cells, whereas it was about half that value in PBS. When cold shock was given in growth medium, the cells split up into four subpopulations, with a net dye uptake ranging from that of fully permeabilized cells to less than 1% of that value. As expected, metabolic inhibitors (Na-azide, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and CCCP) reduced efflux activity. However, fluorescence of metabolically inhibited cells never exceeded more than about half the value of that of dead cells, possibly reflecting conformational changes in DNA structure as a result of cell death.