gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Synchronization-based Data Gathering Scheme in Unstable Radio Environments (2007)

We propose a data gathering scheme for a wireless sensor network constructed in a building in this paper. Our system consists of gateway nodes that have a power supply and wired connection to a monitoring PC, and sensor nodes that operate on a battery. Sensor information is periodically gathered from all sensor nodes via gateway nodes to a monitoring PC. To conserve energy, the emission of sensor information is synchronized. A node only needs to turn on its radio transceiver before it emits its own data, to receive sensor information from distant nodes. To have a possible best path to a gateway node, a sensor node in our scheme chooses the next-hop node from gateway nodes and sensor nodes, depending on the stability of radio communications. We confirmed that stable data gathering with a gathering rate of more than 80% could be accomplished in a sensor network in unstable environments.
IMMUNOCHEMICAL QUANTIFICATION AND PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF AIRBORNE PAPAIN IN A MEAT PORTIONING FACILITY (1992)

The use of enzymes in industry continues to expand. With this increased use comes a concerted need to better understand potential respiratory health hazards to exposed workers and to quantify exposure levels that cause impaired health. To this end, projects were undertaken by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) Health Hazard Evaluations Program and Cole Associates whereby this information was collected. Data concerning medical evaluation and aspects of industrial hygiene are the subjects of two separate reports from these respective groups. This method/results report includes a description of (1) a sensitive immunoradiometric assay for the quantification of airborne papain and its particle size distribution, (2) measurement of papain from both general area and personal breathing zone air samples obtained from a meat processing plant that used this immunochemical analysis, (3) a sampling strategy, and (4) an improved air sample processing technique. Airborne papain was measured at levels ranging from low nanogram to microgram per cubic meter concentrations. Approximately half of the papain activity was associated with particles having an aerodynamic diameter of less than 9.4 microns. These data point to a need for containment and controls in the manufacture and use of such compounds. This approach can be considered by the hygienist as an effective tool to be used in conjunction with epidemiologic studies to help set standards that are practical, safe, and maintained.
A Note on the Name Streptococcus Agalactiae Lehmann and Neumann (1953)

Microbiology Society journals contain high-quality research papers and topical review articles. We are a not-for-profit publisher and we support and invest in the microbiology community, to the benefit of everyone. This supports our principal goal to develop, expand and strengthen the networks available to our members so that they can generate new knowledge about microbes and ensure that it is shared with other communities.
An Improved Procedure for the Synthesis of 4-Oxopimelate-Derived Materials.<sup>1</sup> (1983)

Abstract In the course of one of our synthetic projects we required efficient access to 4-ethylenedioxy-2-carbomethoxycyclohexanone 6.2,4,5 Synthesis of this material has been traditionally accomplished by conversion of 2-furaldehyde 1 to furylacrylic acid 2 via an Organic Synthesis procedure (90%),3 followed by treatment of 2 with methanolic HCI to afford dimethyl 4-oxopimelate 3 in reported yields of 60%4 and 80%.5 This latter step requires an especially arduous procedure involving removal of the highly corrosive HCl-saturated methanol by distillation; adding benzene, an additional solvent distillation; retreatment of the residue with methanolic sulfuric acid (apparently to reesterify some monoacid produced from the initial HCl treatment4), and ultimately a vacuum distillation.
Effects of Particle Size, Helium Gas Pressure and Microparticle Dose on the Plasma Concentration of Indomethacin after Bombardment of Indomethacin-Loaded Poly-L-Lactic Acid Microspheres Using a Helios Gun System. (2002)

We investigated the effects of the particle size of indomethacin-loaded poly-L-lactic acid microspheres (IDM-loaded PLA MS), the helium pressure used to accelerate the particles, and the bombardment dose of PLA MS on the plasma concentration of IDM after bombarding with IDM-loaded PLA MS of different particle size ranges, 20-38, 44-53 and 75-100 microm, the abdomen of hairless rats using the Helios gene gun system (Helios gun system). Using larger particles and a higher helium pressure, produced an increase in the plasma IDM concentration and the area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) and resultant F (relative bioavailability with respect to intracutaneous injection) of IDM increased by an amount depending on the particle size and helium pressure. Although a reduction in the bombardment dose led to a decrease in C(max) and AUC, F increased on decreasing the bombardment dose. In addition, a more efficient F was obtained after bombarding with IDM-loaded PLA MS of 75-100 microm in diameter at each low dose in different sites of the abdomen compared with that after bolus bombardment with a high dose (dose equivalent). These results suggest that the bombardment injection of drug-loaded microspheres by the Helios gun system is a very useful tool for delivering a variety of drugs in powder form into the skin and systemic circulation.
Design and development of an ultrasound calibration phantom and system (2014)

Image-guided surgery systems are often used to provide surgeons with informational support. Due to several unique advantages such as ease of use, real-time image acquisition, and no ionizing radiation, ultrasound is a common medical imaging modality used in image-guided surgery systems. To perform advanced forms of guidance with ultrasound, such as virtual image overlays or automated robotic actuation, an ultrasound calibration process must be performed. This process recovers the rigid body transformation between a tracked marker attached to the ultrasound transducer and the ultrasound image. A phantom or model with known geometry is also required. In this work, we design and test an ultrasound calibration phantom and software. The two main considerations in this work are utilizing our knowledge of ultrasound physics to design the phantom and delivering an easy to use calibration process to the user. We explore the use of a three-dimensional printer to create the phantom in its entirety without need for user assembly. We have also developed software to automatically segment the three-dimensional printed rods from the ultrasound image by leveraging knowledge about the shape and scale of the phantom. In this work, we present preliminary results from using this phantom to perform ultrasound calibration. To test the efficacy of our method, we match the projection of the points segmented from the image to the known model and calculate a sum squared difference between each point for several combinations of motion generation and filtering methods. The best performing combination of motion and filtering techniques had an error of 1.56 mm and a standard deviation of 1.02 mm.
Thione complexes of Rh(i): a first comparison with the bonding and catalytic activity of related carbene and imine compounds (2004)

Heterocyclic mono(thione), trans-bis(thione), cis-bis(thione), trans-(carbene–thione), cis-(carbene–thione), trans-(phosphine-thione) and mono(imine) complexes of rhodium(I) have been prepared and fully characterised. Chloro(η4-1,5-cyclooctadiene)(L)rhodium(I) (1a, L = 1,3-diisopropyl-4,5-dimethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-thione; 1b, L = 1,3,4,5-tetramethyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-thione) appear as isomers at room temperature due to slow coordination exchange on the S-donor atom. In the three structures determined, the substituent on the sulfur appears syn to Cl. Hindered rotation about the Rh–carbene bond is revealed in the NMR spectra of seven new complexes with isopropyl substituents on the heterocyclic carbene ligands. The trans influence of the thione ligands is smaller than that of carbenes but larger than that shown by imines and chloride. Thione complexes are better catalyst precursors than the carbene complexes for the hydroformylation of 1-hexene under the chosen reaction conditions: 80 °C, 8 MPa CO–H2 (1 ∶ 1), 16 h, 1 ∶ 1000 catalyst to 1-hexene ratio.
Suppression of body fat accumulation in myostatin-deficient mice (2002)

Myostatin is a TGF-beta family member that acts as a negative regulator of muscle growth. Mice lacking the myostatin gene (Mstn) have a widespread increase in skeletal muscle mass resulting from a combination of muscle fiber hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Here we show that Mstn-null mice have a significant reduction in fat accumulation with increasing age compared with wild-type littermates, even in the setting of normal food intake (relative to body weight), normal body temperature, and a slightly decreased resting metabolic rate. To investigate whether myostatin might be an effective target for suppressing the development of obesity in settings of abnormal fat accumulation, we analyzed the effect of the Mstn mutation in two genetic models of obesity, agouti lethal yellow (A(y)) and obese (Lep(ob/ob)). In each case, loss of Mstn led to a partial suppression of fat accumulation and of abnormal glucose metabolism. Our findings raise the possibility that pharmacological agents that block myostatin function may be useful not only for enhancing muscle growth, but also for slowing or preventing the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes.
Is Auger recombination responsible for the efficiency rollover in III‐nitride light‐emitting diodes? (2008)

Abstract Practically all III‐nitride light emitting diodes (LEDs) suffer from the efficiency rollover that occurs at high electric currents in the devices and limits their performance. At the moment, the mechanisms responsible for the rollover are not yet confidently identified despite the crucial importance of this problem for the LED production. On the basis of simulation, we suggest that the Auger recombination is a likely mechanism, producing the efficiency reduction at high currents. Using an empirically estimated Auger recombination coefficient, we argue for significance of this mechanism under practical operation conditions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
1996 International Symposium on Low Power Electronics and Design : digest of technical papers (1996)

This Symposium is the result of a merger between the Symposium on Low Power Electronics and the International Symposium on Low Power Design. Like its predecessors, the merged symposium contains a mix of contributed papers.
The ΔNp63α Phosphoprotein Binds the p21 and 14-3-3σ Promoters In Vivo and Has Transcriptional Repressor Activity That Is Reduced by Hay-Wells Syndrome-Derived Mutations (2003)

p63 is a recently identified homolog of p53 that is found in the basal layer of several stratified epithelial tissues such as the epidermis, oral mucosa, prostate, and urogenital tract. Studies with p63(-/-) mice and analysis of several human autosomal-dominant disorders with germ line p63 mutations suggest p63 involvement in maintaining epidermal stem cell populations. The p63 gene encodes six splice variants with reported transactivating or dominant-negative activities. The goals of the current study were to determine the splice variants that are expressed in primary human epidermal keratinocytes (HEKs) and the biochemical activity p63 has in these epithelial cell populations. We found that the predominant splice variant expressed in HEKs was Delta Np63 alpha, and it was present as a phosphorylated protein. During HEK differentiation, Delta Np63 alpha and p53 levels decreased, while expression of p53 target genes p21 and 14-3-3 sigma increased. Delta Np63 alpha had transcriptional repressor activity in vitro, and this activity was reduced in Delta Np63 alpha proteins containing point mutations, corresponding to those found in patients with Hay-Wells syndrome. Further, we show that Delta Np63 alpha and p53 can bind the p21 and 14-3-3 sigma promoters in vitro and in vivo, with decreased binding of p63 to these promoters during HEK differentiation. These data suggest that Delta Np63 alpha acts as a transcriptional repressor at select growth regulatory gene promoters in HEKs, and this repression likely plays an important role in the proliferative capacity of basal keratinocytes.
High trapped fields in bulk MgB<sub>2</sub>prepared by hot-pressing of ball-milled precursor powder (2013)

Bulk superconducting MgB2 samples, 20?mm in diameter, were prepared by hot-pressing of ball-milled Mg and B powders using fine-grained boron powders. High maximum trapped fields of B0?=?5.4?T were obtained at 12?K in one of the investigated trapped field magnets (height 8?mm) at the centre of the bulk surface. Investigating the temperature dependence of the trapped field for short MgB2 samples (height ?1.6?mm), trapped fields of up to B0?=?3.2?T at 15?K were achieved. These high trapped fields are related to extremely high critical current densities of up to 106?A?cm?2 at 15?K, indicating strong pinning due to nanocrystalline MgB2 grains. Expected trapped field data for long trapped field magnets prepared from the available MgB2 material are estimated.
Evidence of a Unique Electron Donor−Acceptor Property for Platinum Nanoparticles as Studied by XPS (2006)

In the interaction of PVP with Pt nanoparticles <7 nm in size, charge transfer is from carbonyl groups in PVP to Pt nanoparticles, whereas in the interaction of PVP with bulk Pt or Pt nanoparticles >25 nm in size, charge transfer is from Pt metal to the polymer side chain of PVP. There exists a critical nanoparticle size between 7 and 25 nm that would lead to a switch in the electron donor-acceptor property.
Intravenous Infusion Safety Initiative: Collaboration, Evidence-Based Best Practices, and “Smart” Technology Help Avert High-Risk Adverse Drug Events and Improve Patient Outcomes (2008)

At a 644-bed, tertiary-care, “magnet ” system, intravenous (IV) infusion medication errors were determined to present the greatest risk of harm. An IV infusion safety initiative focused on multidisciplinary collaboration, standardization of IV dosing, and medication safety technology. A modular IV infusion safety system was determined to provide the greatest “speed to impact ” in reducing harm. In 9 months, the system averted 166 overdoses; IV Medication Harm Index analysis identified 33 as highest risk overdoses (heparin and propofol accounted for 73 percent of these highest risk averted overdoses). Although 78 percent of infusion devices were used with critical care patient types, 52 percent of the highest risk-averted overdoses occurred with noncritical care types. For patient controlled analgesia, respiratory monitoring modules helped avert numerous undesired outcomes. Other results included improved best practices, communication, nursing satisfaction, retention, and recruitment. From January to June 2006, infusion safety systems recorded 328 averted high-risk overdoses. Based on the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality’s (AHRQ) value of $6,000 per accidental drug overdose, the system helped avert 6-month costs of $1,968,000. IV infusion safety systems provide rapid, effective, and cost-effective patient safety improvement.
Endothelial Progenitor Cells: The Promise of Vascular Stem Cells for Plastic Surgery (2003)

Tepper, Oren M. B.A.; Galiano, Robert D. M.D.; Kalka, Christoph M.D.; Gurtner, Geoffrey C. M.D. Author Information
Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry (1984)

Fourier transform mass spectrometry will play an important role in the future because of its unique combination of high mass resolution, high upper mass limit, and multichannel advantage. These features have already found application in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, multiphoton ionization, laser desorption, and secondary ion mass spectrometry. However, its most notable feature is the ability to store ions. This characteristic, when combined with the others, will allow expeditious study of the interaction of gas-phase ions with both photons (photodissociation) and neutral molecules, and the convenient application of this fundamental information for chemical analysis.
Synchronized conductivity modulation to realize broadband lossless magnetic-free non-reciprocity (2017)

Recent research has explored the spatiotemporal modulation of permittivity to break Lorentz reciprocity in a manner compatible with integrated-circuit fabrication. However, permittivity modulation is inherently weak and accompanied by loss due to carrier injection, particularly at higher frequencies, resulting in large insertion loss, size, and/or narrow operation bandwidths. Here, we show that the presence of absorption in an integrated electronic circuit may be counter-intuitively used to our advantage to realize a new generation of magnet-free non-reciprocal components. We exploit the fact that conductivity in semiconductors provides a modulation index several orders of magnitude larger than permittivity. While directly associated with loss in static systems, we show that properly synchronized conductivity modulation enables loss-free, compact and extremely broadband non-reciprocity. We apply these concepts to obtain a wide range of responses, from isolation to gyration and circulation, and verify our findings by realizing a millimeter-wave (25 GHz) circulator fully integrated in complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor technology.Optical non-reciprocity achieved through refractive index modulation can have its challenges and limitations. Here, Dinc et al. introduce the concept of non-reciprocity based on synchronized spatio-temporal modulation of conductivity to achieve different types of non-reciprocal functionality.
Bax plays a pivotal role in thapsigargin-induced apoptosis of human colon cancer HCT116 cells by controlling Smac/Diablo and Omi/HtrA2 release from mitochondria. (2003)

Bax is a crucial mediator of the mitochondrial pathway for apoptosis, and loss of this proapoptotic Bcl-2 family protein contributes to drug resistance in human cancers. We report here that the endoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase inhibitor thapsigargin (THG) induces apoptosis of human colon cancer HCT116 cells through a Bax-dependent signaling pathway controlling the cytosolic release of mitochondrial apoptogenic molecules. Treating HCT116 cells with THG results in caspase-8 activation; Bid cleavage; Bax conformational change and mitochondrial translocation; the release of cytochrome c, Smac/Diablo, and Omi/HtrA2 into the cytosol; caspase-3 activation; and apoptosis. In contrast, knockout of Bax completely abrogates the full processing/activation of caspase-3 but has no effect on the processing of caspase-8 and the initial cleavage of caspase-3 to p24 fragment after THG treatment. The caspase-8-specific inhibitor z-IETD-fmk, as well as pan-caspase inhibitor z-VAD-fmk, but not the calpain inhibitor E-64d, prevents Bid cleavage, Bax conformational change, and subsequent caspase-3 processing and apoptosis. Caspase-8 processing is dependent on de novo protein synthesis; DR5 expression is strongly up-regulated by THG treatment. Moreover, the absence of Bax blocks THG-induced Omi and Smac release from mitochondria, and expression of cytosolic Omi (GFP-IETD-Omi) or Smac (GFP-IETD-Smac) restores the sensitivity of Bax-knockout HCT116 cells to apoptosis in response to THG treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that Bax-dependent Smac and Omi release plays an essential role in caspase-3 activation and apoptosis induced by THG in human colon cancer HCT116 cells.
Partially dynamic vehicle routing—models and algorithms (2002)

In this paper we propose a framework for dynamic routing systems based on their degree of dynamism. Next, we consider its impact on solution methodology and quality. Specifically, we introduce the Partially Dynamic Travelling Repairman Problem and describe several dynamic policies to minimize routing costs. The results of our computational study indicate that increasing the dynamic level results in a linear increase in route length for all policies studied. Furthermore, a Nearest Neighbour policy performed, on the average, uniformly better than the other dispatching rules studied. Among these, a Partitioning policy produced only slightly higher average route lengths.
Magnetic Tunnel Junction Based Long-Term Short-Term Stochastic Synapse for a Spiking Neural Network with On-Chip STDP Learning (2016)

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have emerged as a powerful neuromorphic computing paradigm to carry out classification and recognition tasks. Nevertheless, the general purpose computing platforms and the custom hardware architectures implemented using standard CMOS technology, have been unable to rival the power efficiency of the human brain. Hence, there is a need for novel nanoelectronic devices that can efficiently model the neurons and synapses constituting an SNN. In this work, we propose a heterostructure composed of a Magnetic Tunnel Junction (MTJ) and a heavy metal as a stochastic binary synapse. Synaptic plasticity is achieved by the stochastic switching of the MTJ conductance states, based on the temporal correlation between the spiking activities of the interconnecting neurons. Additionally, we present a significance driven long-term short-term stochastic synapse comprising two unique binary synaptic elements, in order to improve the synaptic learning efficiency. We demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed synaptic configurations and the stochastic learning algorithm on an SNN trained to classify handwritten digits from the MNIST dataset, using a device to system-level simulation framework. The power efficiency of the proposed neuromorphic system stems from the ultra-low programming energy of the spintronic synapses.
A 125 bp region of the Ig V<sub>H</sub>1 promoter is sufficient to confer lymphocyte-specific expression in transgenic mice (1996)

Ig variable region (VH) promoters are active only in B cells and extinction experiments suggest that they are negatively regulated in non-B lineage cells. In contrast to the multiple transcription factor binding sites which occur in Ig enhancers, only a few functionally important transcription factor binding sites have been identified in VH promoters. In this study, we have used transgenic animals to test the functional importance of a 5' portion of the VH1 promoter which is known to contain a matrix attachment region as well as binding sites for the negative regulator NF-microNR and Bright, a protein complex which is induced upon stimulation of B cells with IL-5 and antigen. Our results show that none of these regions is required for VH1 promoter activity in the context of a rearranged micro gene. In fact, a truncated promoter extending only 125 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site was sufficient to confer strong expression in lymphocytes with negligible expression in any other tissue. These results define the smallest known region of a VH promoter which is capable of lymphoid-specific activity and establish the simplicity of the VH1 promoter element.
ChemInform Abstract: Chlorination of Imidoyl Isothiocyanates. (1996)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 100 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.