gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mitomycin C‐ and Streptomycin‐Induced Male Sterility in Cultivated Sunflower (1988)

Worldwide hybrid sunflower ( Helianthus annuus L.) production depends on a single source of cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS). Additional CMS sources would reduce the genetic vulnerability associated with the use of a single cytoplasm. The objectives of these studies were to evaluate the effectiveness of mitomycin C and streptomycin in inducing CMS in cultivated sunflower, and to evaluate fertility restoration relationships of induced CMS mutants with various restoration lines. Seeds of inbred maintainer line HA 89 were treated with mitomycin C and streptomycin. Induced male sterility was classified in M 2 heads as sectorial, semisterile or complete and further verified by observing open‐pollinated M 2 heads in progeny rows. Untreated HA 89 produced no CMS mutants. 5, 50, and 500 mg L ‒1 mitomycin C treatments resulted in four total confirmed CMS mutants and the 5, 50, 500, and 5 000 mg L ‒1 streptomycin treatments produced 18 total confirmed CMS mutants. Progeny of the 22 induced CMS mutants and CMS HA 89 crossed with fertility restorers RHA 266, RHA 274, RHA 280, and RHA 296 were all fertile. Seven nuclear gene controlled male‐sterile (NMS) mutants with monogenic recessive inheritance were also verified. Streptomycin was a more effective mutagen than mitomycin C for inducing CMS mutations in sunflower. The induced CMS mutants can be used readily for hybrid seed production without altering current fertility restoration systems, and could provide alternative male‐sterile cytoplasm for sunflower hybrid production.
Caribbean Technical Assistance Centre (CARTAC) (2004)

The Caribbean Regional Technical Assistance Centre (CARTAC) is a regional resource, based in Barbados, which provides technical assistance in core areas of economic and financial management at the request of 20 participating countries. CARTAC's mission is to enhance the institutional and human capacities of countries in the Caribbean region to achieve their macroeconomic, fiscal and monetary policy objectives. It does this by providing technical services in four core areas: public expenditure management, tax/customs policy and administration, financial sector regulation and supervision, and economic and financial statistics. The Centre project started in 2001 and will end in 2004.
Processing aggregated data: the location of clusters in health data (2011)

Spatially aggregated data is frequently used in geographical applications. Often spatial data analysis on aggregated data is performed in the same way as on exact data, which ignores the fact that we do not know the actual locations of the data. We here propose models and methods to take aggregation into account. For this we focus on the problem of locating clusters in aggregated data. More specifically, we study the problem of locating clusters in spatially aggregated health data. The data is given as a subdivision into regions with two values per region, the number of cases and the size of the population at risk. We formulate the problem as finding a placement of a cluster window of a given shape such that a cluster function depending on the population at risk and the cases is maximized. We propose area-based models to calculate the cases (and the population at risk) within a cluster window. These models are based on the areas of intersection of the cluster window with the regions of the subdivision. We show how to compute a subdivision such that within each cell of the subdivision the areas of intersection are simple functions. We evaluate experimentally how taking aggregation into account influences the location of the clusters found.
Ethereal vs. Tcpdump: a comparative study on packet sniffing tools for educational purpose (2005)

There are many free packet-sniffing tools available for download. Ethereal and tcpdump are two of the most popular tools among network administrators. This work compares and contrasts the usefulness and appropriateness of these tools for pedagogical purposes. While ethereal is user-friendlier than tcpdump, tcpdump is less intrusive and hence, can be used in a campus-wide network safer, since it does not readily reveal any data transmitted in a packet. Ethereal can be used in a closed networking lab environment to analyze and study many more protocols. Many class assignments can be designed using these two packet sniffers. Particularly, assignments can be developed to analyze tcpdump's output in real-time for intrusion detection or the understanding of a protocol.
Pd Nanoparticles Immobilized on Molecular Sieves by Ionic Liquids: Heterogeneous Catalysts for Solvent‐Free Hydrogenation (2004)

Zu dritt sind wir stark! Ein Pd-Nanopartikel-Katalysator wurde mit einer ionischen Flüssigkeit (1,1,3,3-Tetramethylguanidiniumlactat) auf einem Molekularsieb immobilisiert (siehe TEM-Bild). Die Kombination aus Nanopartikel, ionischer Flüssigkeit und Molekularsieb zeigt ausgezeichnete synergistische Effekte, die zu einer höheren Aktivität und Stabilität des Katalysators bei der Olefin-Hydrierung führen.
The effect of vitamins C and E on lipid peroxidation in stored erythrocytes. (1993)

Vitamins C and E are both naturally occurring free radical scavengers; as such, their presence assists various other mechanisms in decreasing numerous disruptive free radical processes from taking place, including lipid peroxidation (LP). Vitamin C, being water soluble, is an excellent antioxidant in plasma, while lipid soluble vitamin E is effective in cell membranes. In this communication, our study is reported of the effects of oral vitamin C and E supplementation in human volunteers on stored red cell LP. It was found that supplementation with these vitamins for 10 days prior to blood donation significantly decreased LP in stored red cells in both irradiated and non-irradiated samples in comparison to pre-vitamin red cell LP. Plasma potassium levels were also decreased on days 7 and 14 after storage at 4 degrees C, but not after four additional days (day 18) at 37 degrees C. In agreement with prior studies, in which various metal chelators and other antioxidants were shown to decrease LP, this study further supports the suggestion that, in addition to adding various important nutrient solutions to donor blood, as well as the possible in vitro addition of various metal chelators and other antioxidants, the oral supplementation with vitamin free radical scavengers may further improve the longevity and viability of stored red cells.
A Note on Bennett’s Time-Space Tradeoff for Reversible Computation (1990)

Given any irreversible program with running time T and space complexity S, and given any $\varepsilon > 0$, Bennett shows how to construct an equivalent reversible program with running time $O(T^{1+\varepsilon })$ and space complexity $O(S \ln T)$. Although these loose upper bounds are formally correct, they are misleading due to a hidden constant factor in the space bound. It is shown that this constant factor is approximately $\varepsilon 2^{1 / \varepsilon}$, which diverges exponentially as $\varepsilon$ approaches 0. Bennett’s analysis is simplified using recurrence equations and it is proven that the reversible program actually runs in time $\Theta ({{T^{1 + \varepsilon}} / {S^{\varepsilon}}})$ and space $\Theta (S(1+\ln ({T / S})))$. Bennett claims that for any $\varepsilon > 0$, the reversible program can be made to run in time $O(T)$ and space $O(ST^{\varepsilon })$. This claim is corrected and tightened as follows: whenever $T \geqq 2S$ and for any $\varepsilon \geqq {1 / {(0.58 \lg ({T / S}))}}$, the reversible program can be made to run in time $\Theta (T)$ and space $\Omega (S(T/S)^{\varepsilon/2})\cap O(S(T/S)^\varepsilon )$. For $S\leqq T < 2S$, Bennett’s 1973 simulation yields an equivalent reversible program that runs in time $\Theta (T)$ and space $\Theta (S)$.
Multiple pathways contribute to the pathogenesis of Huntington disease. (2006)

Huntington disease (HD) is caused by expansion of a polyglutamine (polyQ) domain in the protein known as huntingtin (htt), and the disease is characterized by selective neurodegeneration. Expansion of the polyQ domain is not exclusive to HD, but occurs in eight other inherited neurodegenerative disorders that show distinct neuropathology. Yet in spite of the clear genetic defects and associated neurodegeneration seen with all the polyQ diseases, their pathogenesis remains elusive. The present review focuses on HD, outlining the effects of mutant htt in the nucleus and neuronal processes as well as the role of cell-cell interactions in HD pathology. The widespread expression and localization of mutant htt and its interactions with a variety of proteins suggest that mutant htt engages multiple pathogenic pathways. Understanding these pathways will help us to elucidate the pathogenesis of HD and to target therapies effectively.
Sharp asymmetric line shapes in side-coupled waveguide-cavity systems (2002)

We show that, for an optical microcavity side coupled with a waveguide, sharp, and asymmetric line shapes can be created in the response function by placing two partially reflecting elements into the waveguides. In such a system, the transmission coefficient varies from 0% to 100% in a frequency range narrower than the full width of the resonance itself. We numerically demonstrate this effect by simulating the propagation of electromagnetic waves in a photonic crystal.
The Two-Chip Integration for Color Television Receivers (1982)

Large-scale semiconductor integration is being increasingly used in color television receivers due to the improvements in the IC fabrication technology. The two-chip integration has been developed. These ICs achieve not only high quality and reliability but also low power dissipation and high performance due to new features. This paper describes recent advanced technology of linear ICs for color television receivers.
Optimal estimators for spectral restoration of noisy speech (2005)

Acoustic noise suppression is treated as a problem of finding the minimum mean square error estimate of the speech spectrum from a noisy version. This estimate equals the expected value of its conditional distribution given the noisy spectral value, the mean noise power and the mean speech power. It is shown that speech is not Gaussian. This results in an optimal estimate which is a non-linear function of the spectral magnitude. This function differs from the Wiener filter, especially at high instantaneous signal-to-noise ratios. Since both speech and Gaussian noise have a uniform phase distribution, the optimal estimator of the phase equals the noisy phase. The paper describes how the estimator can be calculated directly from noise-free speech. It describes how to find the optimal estimator for the complex spectrum, the magnitude, the squared magnitude, the log magnitude, and the root-magnitude spectra. Results for a speaker dependent connected digit speech recognition task with a base error rate of 1.6%, show that preprocessing the noisy unknown speech with a 10 dB signal-to-noise ratio reduces the error rate from 42% to 10%. If the template data are also preprocessed in the same way, the error rate reduces to 2.1%, thus recovering 99% of the recognition performance lost due to noise.
Sargramostim (GM-CSF) for Induction of Remission in Crohnʼs Disease: A Cochrane Inflammatory Bowel Disease and Functional Bowel Disorders Systematic Review of Randomized Trials (2012)

Sargramostim does not appear to be more effective than placebo for induction of clinical remission or improvement in active CD. However, the GRADE analysis indicates that the overall quality of the evidence for the primary and secondary outcomes was low due to sparse data and heterogeneity, indicating that further research likely would have a significant impact on the effect estimates.
Regional homology in GTP-binding proto-oncogene products and elongation factors. (1985)

The mammalian ras proteins and the bacterial elongation factors share the ability to interact with guanine nucleotides. Comparison of the amino acid sequences has revealed the presence of multiple homologous regions common to all members of the ras and elongation factor families. Two homologous regions share sequence similarities and predicted secondary structure with areas of the elongation factors which have been implicated in GTP binding, suggesting that these regions are part of a common GTP-binding domain. Two other homologous regions contain critical amino acids for the activation of the transforming potential of the mammalian ras proteins. The predicted secondary structure containing residue 61, but not 12, is the same for the ras proteins and elongation factors. It is proposed that the aligned homologous regions surrounding position 12 constitute common functional binding sites with different specificities; by analogy to other GTP-binding proteins, a likely candidate to interact at such a site is a GTPase-subunit.
The Influence of Apolipoprotein E on the Interactions between Normal Human Very Low Density Lipoproteins and U937 Human Macrophages: Heterogeneity among Persons (1996)

Apolipoprotein E (apo E) can mediate the cell binding of normal human very low density lipoproteins (VLDL). However, the extent to which apo E is involved in the cell binding and uptake of VLDL from different normolipidemic persons is not well defined. The VLDL (d < 1.006 g/l) of eight subjects were fractionated into VLDL with apo E and without apo E using a monoclonal antibody that binds to the LDL receptor recognition region of apo E. VLDL particles that expressed the 1D7 binding region of apo E comprised an average of 34% (range 7-51%) of the VLDL particles. Anti-apo E blocked an average of 43% (range 8-63%) of the binding of unfractionated VLDL to U937 cells. Anti-apo E blocked a similar proportion of binding to U937 cells of three VLDL subfractions of different density ranges (Sf20-60, Sf60-100, Sf100-400). The proportion of the VLDL particles that contained apo E correlated with the extent of uptake of the total VLDL by U937 cells, but not with stimulation by total VLDL of cholesterol ester formation. The binding to cells of VLDL without apo E varied by six-fold among persons, and caused most of the binding of the total VLDL of some subjects. Therefore, normolipidemic VLDL contains particles across its density range that use apo E to bind to U937 macrophages. In some VLDL samples, apo E provides most of the cell binding activity, whereas in others the binding activity occurs by other means.
CRISPR-Cas9 In Vivo Gene Editing for Transthyretin Amyloidosis (2021)

In a small group of patients with hereditary ATTR amyloidosis with polyneuropathy, administration of NTLA-2001 was associated with only mild adverse events and led to decreases in serum TTR protein concentrations through targeted knockout of <i>TTR</i>. (Funded by Intellia Therapeutics and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04601051.).
Fast detection of generic biological particles in cryo-EM images through efficient Hough transforms (2003)

One of the current challenges in the analysis of a very large number of images acquired using cryo-electron microscopy is to investigate fast, accurate approaches for automatic detection of biological particles. Cross-correlation with a reference image based techniques have been developed in the past for this purpose; both computational requirements and accuracy, however, have limited their applicability to only a very small set of particles. The paper describes a new computational framework for fast, automatic particle detection, through the application of edge detection and a sequence of ordered Hough transforms. In particular, it presents how to adapt the generalized Hough transform to efficiently detect approximately rectangular shapes in a cluttered background. Preliminary results using hemocyanin as a model particle are promising.
Integrating Motion, Illumination, and Structure in Video Sequences with Applications in Illumination-Invariant Tracking (2007)

In this paper, we present a theory for combining the effects of motion, illumination, 3D structure, albedo, and camera parameters in a sequence of images obtained by a perspective camera. We show that the set of all Lambertian reflectance functions of a moving object, at any position, illuminated by arbitrarily distant light sources, lies "close" to a bilinear subspace consisting of nine illumination variables and six motion variables. This result implies that, given an arbitrary video sequence, it is possible to recover the 3D structure, motion, and illumination conditions simultaneously using the bilinear subspace formulation. The derivation builds upon existing work on linear subspace representations of reflectance by generalizing it to moving objects. Lighting can change slowly or suddenly, locally or globally, and can originate from a combination of point and extended sources. We experimentally compare the results of our theory with ground truth data and also provide results on real data by using video sequences of a 3D face and the entire human body with various combinations of motion and illumination directions. We also show results of our theory in estimating 3D motion and illumination model parameters from a video sequence.
Intestinal calcium transport: the cellular pathway. (1990)

The active calcium transport process in the intestine is transcellular. Entry across the brush border of the enterocyte is down an electrochemical gradient, probably via calcium channels. The entry process, although modified by vitamin D, does not appear to be the rate-limiting step, as total vitamin D deficiency lowers the rate of entry only by about a third, whereas active calcium transport is wholly inhibited. Calcium extrusion is effected by the Ca-ATPase, is against an electrochemical gradient, and requires a supply of energy. However, it is not the rate-limiting step, as extrusion capacity is more than sufficient to handle the maximum transcellular flux of calcium. It is the flow of calcium inside the cell, from the brush-border pole to the pump at the basolateral side, that is rate-limiting. Basal calcium flow, in the absence of the cytosolic, vitamin D-dependent calcium-binding protein, CaBP, is only about 1/70 of the maximum rate, Vm, in the vitamin D-replete duodenum. CaBP levels vary linearly with the Vm. Moreover, interference with calcium binding by CaBP interferes with active calcium transport. Active calcium transport is totally regulated by vitamin D or processes that modify the action or metabolism of the sterol. Since, however, active calcium transport is only one of the two routes of calcium absorption, the other being a passive, paracellular process, up- or down-regulation of active transport may have only a limited effect on total calcium absorption.
Altered collagen metabolism and delayed healing in a novel model of ischemic wounds (1995)

Cellular mechanisms occurring in the healing wound have been well described in various animal models. However, the events associated with wound healing seen in ischemic skin have not been as thoroughly defined. In this series of experiments, we created a novel model of excisional skin wounds under gradient ischemia to study the cellular and extracellular events leading to delayed healing. We hypothesized that altered collagen metabolism accounts for delayed wound healing in ischemic skin. Three pairs of 4 mm punch wounds were made 4 days after bipedicle skin flaps were created on the dorsum of rats. Sham-operated control animals had the same punch wounds without flap creation. The kinetics of excisional wound healing were measured by means of computerized planimetry. In addition, wounds were excised with a 6 mm trephine, radiolabelled with ((3)H)-proline and in vitro collagen synthesis determined as collagenase digestible protein along with quantitation of DNA content. Total collagen deposition was determined as 4-hydroxy-L-proline by high-performance liquid chromatography, and wounds were histologically evaluated. Data was analyzed by means of two-way analysis of variance. Although control wounds healed by day 10, flap wounds consistently had greater surface area on days 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 (p < 0.001). Relative collagen synthesis (% collagen/noncollagen protein), as measured by an in vitro synthesis method, showed no statistically significant differences between flap and controls wounds. However, the total collagen content (deposition) as measured by 4-hydroxy-l-proline was significantly lower in flap wounds compared with controls on days 7 (p < 0.05) and 9 (p < 0.001). In addition, a significant increase occurred in DNA content in the flap wounds on days 7 (p < 0.05) and 9 (p < 0.001) versus control wounds. These data indicate that, in ischemic wounds, significantly less collagen is deposited despite the inherent ability of the tissue to synthesize appropriate levels of collagen. Because the in vitro collagen synthesis technique only assesses the ability of the tissue to synthesize collagen in a well oxygenated environment, one cannot be assured that the tissue expresses this potential in vivo. However, these data are consistent with the hypothesis that the delay in wound closure is due to an alteration in collagen metabolism which results in a net decrease in collagen accumulation. Because of the observed increase in DNA within the ischemic wounds, we suggest that there is prolonged inflammation in these wounds which may enhance collagen degradation through the release of proteases. In addition, there may be an inability of the tissue to maintain appropriate levels of collagen in this inflammatory wound environment.
Glass with High Bismuth-Lead Contents. (1961)

ホウ酸塩系の高ビスマス- 鉛系ガラスについて, そのガラス化範囲と物理的諸性質を調べた。この系の特長は少量のガラス形成酸化物の存在によってガラス化することで, たとえばB2O3-CdO-PbO - Bi2O34 成分系ではB2O3 5mol % (1.4wt%)でガラス化する。またその物理的性質もテルライトガラスに類似するが,比重7.0～8.4,熱膨張係数11.4～14.3×10-6,変形温度255～377℃,屈折率2.18～2.42,Abbe数11～16,誘電率23.8～34.6と概して後者を上まわる値を示している。次に熱膨張係数,屈折率,誘電率について加成性を検討し,それぞれの成分因子を算出した。またそれらの結果を参考に上のガラス化範囲を説明するガラス講造について検討し,BとBとの間をつなぐb 族イオンの数は, ほぼ類似した異種イオンの混在によりその数が増すとの結論をえた。
Two-Component Direct Fluorescent-Antibody Assay for Rapid Identification of<i>Bacillus anthracis</i> (2002)

A two-component direct fluorescent-antibody (DFA) assay, using fluorescein-labeled monoclonal antibodies specific to the Bacillus anthracis cell wall (CW-DFA) and capsule (CAP-DFA) antigens, was evaluated and validated for rapid identification of B. anthracis. We analyzed 230 B. anthracis isolates; 228 and 229 were positive by CW-DFA and CAP-DFA assays, respectively. We also tested 56 non-B. anthracis strains; 10 B. cereus and 2 B. thuringiensis were positive by the CW-DFA assay, and 1 B. megaterium strain was positive by CAP-DFA. Analysis of the combined DFA results identified 227 of 230 B. anthracis isolates; all 56 strains of the other Bacillus spp. were negative. Both DFA assays tested positive on 14 of 26 aging clinical specimens from the 2001 anthrax outbreak investigation. The two-component DFA assay is a sensitive, specific, and rapid confirmatory test for B. anthracis in cultures and may be useful directly on clinical specimens.
Epithelial Cell Proliferation of the Colonic Mucosa in Different Degrees of Colonic Diverticular Disease (2006)

We found an upward shifting of cellular proliferation of the colonic mucosa in patients with different degrees of DD. In particular, asymptomatic diverticulosis seems to show the same risk for colonic carcinoma as that of UC.
Electrotransfection of protoplasts from tomato, wild tomato, barley and chrysanthemum with tobacco mosaic virus RNA (1992)

Protoplasts isolated from tomato, wild tomato, barley and chrysanthemum were electrotransfected with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) RNA under almost the same optimum electric conditions: five square DC pulses of 50 microseconds duration at 500 to 800 V/cm, with the protoplasts suspended at 2 x 10(5)/ml in 0.5 M-mannitol containing 100 microM-MgCl2 and 10 to 20 micrograms/ml TMV RNA. ELISAs of these transfected protoplasts showed that the yields and the growth curves of the virus were quite similar, indicating a lack of host specificity in the initially infected cells of these plants.