gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
On-chip nanostructures for polarization imaging and multispectral sensing using dedicated layers of modified CMOS processes (2011)

Sub-wavelength gratings and hole arrays in metal films are applicable for polarization and spectral selective sensors, respectively. We demonstrate the fabrication of wire grid polarizers using standard complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) processes. Extraordinary optical transmission of hole arrays was achieved by using the dedicated layer of a modified CMOS process. The structures were simulated using the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method and fabricated using the work flow of integrated circuits. A high-speed polarization image sensor with a pixel size of 6 μm was designed and demonstrated, and multispectral sensing was implemented using nanostructures with different spectral filter performances on a single chip.
Selective removal of free fatty acids in oils using a microorganism (1990)

A microorganism assimilating long chain fatty acids without secreting extracellular lipases was screened from soil and was identified as a Pseudomonas . Growth factors, nitrogen sources and trace elements required for growth of the microorganism named Pseudomonas strain BG1 were determined. Optimum pH and growth temperature were 6 and 30°C, respectively. BG1 was found to utilize lauric, myristic, palmitic, stearic and oleic acids as carbon sources. BG1 was shown to utilize 0.1% oleic acid almost completely in an emulsion medium within 48 hr. When BG1 was grown in a mixture of triolein and oleic acid, it selectively removed the free fatty acid without loss of triolein and did not produce mono‐ and diglycerides.
Endosomal Maturation, Rab7 GTPase and Phosphoinositides in African Swine Fever Virus Entry (2012)

Here we analyzed the dependence of African swine fever virus (ASFV) infection on the integrity of the endosomal pathway. Using confocal immunofluorescence with antibodies against viral capsid proteins, we found colocalization of incoming viral particles with early endosomes (EE) during the first minutes of infection. Conversely, viral capsid protein was not detected in acidic late endosomal compartments, multivesicular bodies (MVBs), late endosomes (LEs) or lysosomes (LY). Using an antibody against a viral inner core protein, we found colocalization of viral cores with late compartments from 30 to 60 minutes postinfection. The absence of capsid protein staining in LEs and LYs suggested that virus desencapsidation would take place at the acid pH of these organelles. In fact, inhibitors of intraluminal acidification of endosomes caused retention of viral capsid staining virions in Rab7 expressing endosomes and more importantly, severely impaired subsequent viral protein production. Endosomal acidification in the first hour after virus entry was essential for successful infection but not thereafter. In addition, altering the balance of phosphoinositides (PIs) which are responsible of the maintenance of the endocytic pathway impaired ASFV infection. Early infection steps were dependent on the production of phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate (PtdIns3P) which is involved in EE maturation and multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis and on the interconversion of PtdIns3P to phosphatidylinositol 3, 5-biphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P(2)). Likewise, GTPase Rab7 activity should remain intact, as well as processes related to LE compartment physiology, which are crucial during early infection. Our data demonstrate that the EE and LE compartments and the integrity of the endosomal maturation pathway orchestrated by Rab proteins and PIs play a central role during early stages of ASFV infection.
Flexible thermoelectric generator for wearable biometric sensors (2010)

In this work we proposed design, fabrication and functional characterization of a very low cost energy autonomous, maintenance free, flexible and wearable micro thermoelectric generator (μTEG), finalized to power very low consumption electronics Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) applications. The prototype, integrating an array of 100 thin films thermocouples of Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , generates, at 40°C, an open circuit output voltage of 430 mV and an electrical output power up to 32 nW with matched load. In real operation conditions of prototype, which are believed to be very close to a thermal gradient of 15°C, the device generates an open circuit output voltage of about 160 mV, with an electrical output power up to 4.18 nW. In this work we proposed design, fabrication and functional characterization of a very low cost energy autonomous, maintenance free, flexible and wearable micro thermoelectric generator (μTEG), finalized to power very low consumption electronics Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) applications. The prototype, integrating an array of 100 thin films thermocouples of Sb <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> and Bi <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Te <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sub> , generates, at 40°C, an open circuit output voltage of 430 mV and an electrical output power up to 32 nW with matched load. In real operation conditions of prototype, which are believed to be very close to a thermal gradient of 15°C, the device generates an open circuit output voltage of about 160 mV, with an electrical output power up to 4.18 nW.
Superhydrophilic Zwitterionic Polymers Stabilize Liposomes (2012)

Nonionic polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a stealth polymer destabilizes liposomes due to its amphiphilic property. As a result, PEGylated liposomes have to be further stabilized, such as by using a large amount cholesterol. This is a long existing dilemma faced by PEG. In this work, we show that zwitterionic poly(carboxybetaine) (PCB) stabilizes liposomes because of its superhydrophilic nature, thus solving this dilemma. Specifically, PCB-modified liposomes without cholesterol exhibited good retention of hydrophilic drug and long blood circulating characteristics in vivo. To further validate this new PCB chemistry, PCB liposomal doxorubicin without cholesterol was compared with DOXIL for their antitumor therapeutic efficacies.
Maximizing Air Gap and Efficiency of Magnetic Resonant Coupling for Wireless Power Transfer Using Equivalent Circuit and Neumann Formula (2011)

The progress in the field of wireless power transfer in the last few years is remarkable. With recent research, transferring power across large air gaps has been achieved. Both small and large electric equipment have been proposed, e.g., wireless power transfer for small equipment (mobile phones and laptops) and for large equipment (electric vehicles). Furthermore, replacing every cord with wireless power transfer is proposed. The coupled mode theory was proposed in 2006 and proven in 2007. Magnetic and electric resonant couplings allow power to traverse large air gaps with high efficiency. This technology is closely related to electromagnetic induction and has been applied to antennas and resonators used for filters in communication technology. We have studied these phenomena and technologies using equivalent circuits, which is a more familiar format for electrical engineers than the coupled mode theory. In this paper, we analyzed the relationship between maximum efficiency air gap using equivalent circuits and the Neumann formula and proposed equations for the conditions required to achieve maximum efficiency for a given air gap. The results of these equations match well with the results of electromagnetic field analysis and experiments.
Is relationship between serum cholesterol and risk of premature death from coronary heart disease continuous and graded? Findings in 356,222 primary screenees of the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT). (1986)

The 356,222 men aged 35 to 57 years, who were free of a history of hospitalization for myocardial infarction, screened by the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial (MRFIT) in its recruitment effort, constitute the largest cohort with standardized serum cholesterol measurements and long-term mortality follow-up. For each five-year age group, the relationship between serum cholesterol and coronary heart disease (CHD) death rate was continuous, graded, and strong. For the entire group aged 35 to 57 years at entry, the age-adjusted risks of CHD death in cholesterol quintiles 2 through 5 (182 to 202, 203 to 220, 221 to 244, and greater than or equal to 245 mg/dL [4.71 to 5.22, 5.25 to 5.69, 5.72 to 6.31, and greater than or equal to 6.34 mmol/L]) relative to the lowest quintile were 1.29, 1.73, 2.21, and 3.42. Of all CHD deaths, 46% were estimated to be excess deaths attributable to serum cholesterol levels 180 mg/dL or greater (greater than or equal to 4.65 mmol/L), with almost half the excess deaths in serum cholesterol quintiles 2 through 4. The pattern of a continuous, graded, strong relationship between serum cholesterol and six-year age-adjusted CHD death rate prevailed for nonhypertensive nonsmokers, nonhypertensive smokers, hypertensive nonsmokers, and hypertensive smokers. These data of high precision show that the relationship between serum cholesterol and CHD is not a threshold one, with increased risk confined to the two highest quintiles, but rather is a continuously graded one that powerfully affects risk for the great majority of middle-aged American men.
The Influence of Dissipative Heating on the Loss Factor of a Viscoelastically Damped Beam (1969)

The influence of dissipative heating on the loss factor of a beam with a constrained viscoelastic layer is examined analytically and experimentally for the case in which the extensional stiffness of the constraining layer is large compared to the shear stiffness of the viscoelastic layer. It is shown that the loss factor may be substantially reduced by dissipative heating under these conditions.
Towards a secure and interoperable DRM architecture (2006)

In this paper we look at the problem of interoperability of digital rights management (DRM)systems in home networks. We introduce an intermediate module called the Domain Interoperability Manager (DIM) to efficiently deal with the problem of content and license translation across different DRM regimes. We also consider the threat model specific to interoperability systems, and introduce threats such as the cross-compliancy and splicing attacks. We formalize the adversary model and define security of an interoperable DRM system with respect to this adversary. We finalize by proposing detailed protocols which achieve our security requirements. In order to achieve these requirements we provide novel applications of recently proposed proxy resignature and proxy re-encryption algorithms.
Manganese-Enhanced MRI Reveals Structural and Functional Changes in the Cortex of Bassoon Mutant Mice (2006)

Manganese-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (ME-MRI) was used to analyze the brain architecture in mice lacking the functional presynaptic active zone protein Bassoon. Anatomical characterization revealed a significant increase in the total brain volume in Bassoon mutants as compared with wild-type mice, which is mainly caused by changes in cortex and hippocampus volume. The measured enlargement in cortical volume coincides with an altered Mn2+ distribution within cortical layers as visualized by T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. Two days after manganese application, the cortex of Bassoon mutant mice appeared more laminated in ME-MRI, with an enhanced accumulation of manganese in deep, central, and superficial cortical cell layers. Whereas morphologically the cortical lamination is not affected by the absence of a functional Bassoon, an altered basal activation pattern was found in the cortex of the mutant mice both by metabolic labeling with [14C]-2-deoxyglucose and histochemical detection of the potassium analogue thallium uptake. Consequently, the results indicate that the absence of the functional presynaptic protein Bassoon causes disturbance in the formation of normal basal cortical activation patterns and thereby in the functional cortical architecture. Furthermore, this study shows that ME-MRI can become a valuable tool for a structural characterization of genetically modified mice.
Ordinary Differential Equations (1965)

Foreword to the Classics Edition Preface to the First Edition Preface to the Second Edition Errata I: Preliminaries II: Existence III: Differential In qualities and Uniqueness IV: Linear Differential Equations V: Dependence on Initial Conditions and Parameters VI: Total and Partial Differential Equations VII: The Poincare-Bendixson Theory VIII: Plane Stationary Points IX: Invariant Manifolds and Linearizations X: Perturbed Linear Systems XI: Linear Second Order Equations XII: Use of Implicity Function and Fixed Point Theorems XIII: Dichotomies for Solutions of Linear Equations XIV: Miscellany on Monotomy Hints for Exercises References Index.
Three Dimensional Video Imaging for Endoscopic Sinus Surgery and Diagnosis (1995)

Technological advances in video imaging over the last decade have resulted in remarkable additions to the armamentarium of instrumentation for the otolaryngologist. The use of video cameras and computer generated imaging in the operating room and office is invaluable for documentation and teaching purposes. Despite the obvious advantages of these systems, problems are evident, the most serious of which include image distortion and inability to judge depth of field. For more than 6 decades 3D imaging has been neither technically nor commercially successful. Reasons include alignment difficulties and image distortion. The result is “visual fatigue,” usually in about 15 minutes. At its extreme, this may be characterized by headache, nausea, and even vomiting. In this study, we employed the first 3D video imager to electronically manipulate a single video source to produce 3D images; therefore, neither alignment nor image distortions were produced. Of interest to the clinical surgeon, “visual fatigue” does not seem to occur; however, with prolonged procedures (greater than 2 hours) there exists the potential for physical intolerance for some individuals. This is the first unit that is compatible with any rigid or flexible videoendoscopic system and the small diameter endoscopes available for endoscopic sinus surgery. Moreover, prerecorded 2D tapes may be viewed in 3D on an existing VCR. The 3D image seems to provide enhanced anatomic awareness with less image distortion. We have found this system to be optically superior to the 2D video imagers currently available.
Chronic illness as biographical disruption (1982)

The paper is based on semi-structured interviews with a series of rheumatoid arthritis patients. Chronic illness is conceptualised as a particular type of disruptive event. This disruption highlights the resources (cognitive and material) available to individuals, modes of explanation for pain and suffering, continuities and discontinuities between professional and lay thought, and sources of variation in experience.
Linker Technology in Antibody-Drug Conjugates for Cancer Treatment (2013)

抗体―抗がん剤複合体においては、抗体と抗がん剤を結合するリンカーが重要な役割を持つ。リンカーは、抗体―抗がん剤複合体を血中では安定に保持する一方、疾病部において、薬物を放出するはたらきを持つ。本稿では、リンカーおよびリンカーの構成部分であるスペーサーの種類と特徴について述べる。
The rigorous evaluation of Enterprise Java Bean technology (2002)

The middleware technology used as the foundation of Internet-enabled enterprise information systems is becoming increasingly complex. In addition, the various technologies offer a number of standard component architectures that can be used by designers as templates to build applications. However, there is little understanding in the software industry on the strengths and weaknesses of competing technologies, and the different trade-offs that various component architectures impose. The paper describes the approach being taken in CSIRO's Middleware Technology Evaluation (MTE) project to attempt to alleviate some of these problems. Specifically, the results from some experiments in using different Enterprise Java Bean application architectures are presented, which clearly show how the different architectures scale and perform under various client loads.
Real-Time Implementation of a Discrete Nonlinearity Compensating Multiloops Control Technique for a 1.5-kW Three-Phase/Switch/Level Vienna Converter (2008)

This paper presents and analyzes experimental results of a new discrete multiloop nonlinear control scheme, applied to a 1.5-kW laboratory prototype of a three-phase/level/switch boost-type Vienna rectifier. As for most split dc-bus voltage switched-mode rectifiers, the proposed control technique aims to ensure ac line currents shaping, output dc-bus voltage regulation and dc load unbalance compensation. The proposed technique is based on the dq nonlinear averaged model of the converter. To cancel the inherent nonlinearity of the converter, an input- to-output transform is applied to both inner and outer loops, thus linearizing the system and allowing the application of conventional linear pole placement method for controller tuning. The rectifier performance, during both nominal and severe operating conditions, are then evaluated in real-time using the dSPACE DS 1104 controller board, supported by a Matlab/Simulink real-time workshop environment.
Recent Developments in Antimicrobial Polymers: A Review (2016)

Antimicrobial polymers represent a very promising class of therapeutics with unique characteristics for fighting microbial infections. As the classic antibiotics exhibit an increasingly low capacity to effectively act on microorganisms, new solutions must be developed. The importance of this class of materials emerged from the uncontrolled use of antibiotics, which led to the advent of multidrug-resistant microbes, being nowadays one of the most serious public health problems. This review presents a critical discussion of the latest developments involving the use of different classes of antimicrobial polymers. The synthesis pathways used to afford macromolecules with antimicrobial properties, as well as the relationship between the structure and performance of these materials are discussed.
The importance of MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) for the diagnosis of brainstem infarction. (1992)

As experience with it accumulates, high resolution MRI seems more capable of representing morphological alterations of the central nervous system than cranial computer tomography (CCT). The question thus arises whether the detection of brainstem infarctions with MRI might not be easier than with CCT and how the topography of brainstem lesions demonstrated with MRI correlate with clinical symptoms and signs. 16 patients with definite clinical symptoms of brainstem infarction were examined by MRI. The examination took place between the 10th and 14th day after the occurrence of the infarction. Using MRI, we found pathological results in only 8 of these cases. In only 5 of these cases a clear relationship between the neurological picture and the topography of the lesion could be shown. These findings demonstrate that despite the high quality of the MRI images, the clinical examination for symptoms and signs is more important than imaging in the brainstem infarction.
A Secure Multi-Party Computation Protocol Suite Inspired by Shamir's Secret Sharing Scheme (2014)

Secure multi-party computation allows us to perform analysis on private data without compromising it. Therefore, practical solutions for SMC are very welcome and Sharemind is one of the examples of such frameworks. There are already various protocol suites implemented on Sharemind, such as an additive three-party protocol suite. In this thesis, we designed and implemented a protocol suite, that was inspired by Shamir's secret sharing scheme. The latter is a popular way to divide a secret into pieces, called shares. The main result of this thesis are the implemented protocols with correctness and security proofs. We created a new protection domain kind \\pdname{shamirnpp}, that allows one to create protection domains for various $n$-out-of-$k$ Sharmir's secret-sharing schemes. This PDK can now be used to write secure applications in the SecreC language. More specifically, we implemented protocols for addition, multiplication, boolean arithmetic and comparison operations. These protocols are the building blocks for various other functions one would want to possess, when analysing private data. As Sharemind has a standard library and a possibility to write domain-polymorphic code, many additional features, such as the absolute value function, can already be used with our newly implemented PDK. The goal of this work was to explore another SMC implementation option and compare it to the existing one on Sharemind. Our new protection domain kind based on Shamir's scheme was compared to \\pdname{additive3pp}. Looking at simpler protocols, such as declassification or multiplication, we saw that our SMC algorithms offer better theoretical complexity. That was also evident from the benchmarking results for smaller input sizes. For larger inputs and more complicated operations, such as equality testing and less-than comparison, we had to admit \\pdname{additive3pp} being better. One of the reasons, for the performance difference, is our naive implementations for \\cmd{Conjunct} and \\cmd{PrefixAND} algorithms. Many other algorithms depend on their performance, see Figure~\\ref{fig:relations}, and improving it would improve the speed of equality testing and less-than comparison.This brings us to future work. As mentioned before, some of the protocols from this thesis could be improved. There are also other algorithms that could be added to our protocol suite. For example, it may be useful, if we could convert shares into a different PD's shares. In this thesis, we in theory separated the offline and online phase, in practice, we did not. Shamir's $k$-out-of-$n$ threshold scheme would allow to handle some \\CPs disappearing or dealing with more corrupted parties. Exploring the implementation specifics of protocol interruption is an interesting topic for further research.