gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Waiakeamide, a Cyclic Hexapeptide from the Sponge <i>Ircinia dendroides</i><sup>1</sup> (1996)

From the sponge, Ircinia dendroides, collected in Indonesia we isolated a new cyclic hexapeptide, waiakeamide (1). Its structure, consisting of three proline residues, two methionine sulfoxides, and one thiazolylphenylalanine, was elucidated by spectral analysis and chemical degradation. Isolation and structural elucidation of waiakeamide is described.
Organotrifluoroborates: Organoboron Reagents for the Twenty‐First Century (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Introduction Synthetic Approaches to Organotrifluoroborates Elaboration of Organotrifluoroborates via Transformations of Pendant Functional Groups Transition Metal-Catalyzed Processes Miscellaneous Reactions of Organotrifluoroborates Carbon–Carbon Bond-Forming Reactions with Activated Electrophiles Conclusions References
Etude de l’utilisation et de la prescription d’antalgiques au cours de la polyarthrite rhumatoïde (1995)

Nous avons interrogé 157 patients atteints de polyarthrite rhumatoïde consultants ou hospitalisés dans un service de rhumatologie. Les patients ont été questionnés sur leurs habitudes d’utilisation et leurs connaissances du maniement des antalgiques. Nous avons également consulté les patients prenant ou ayant pris des antalgiques sur leur appréciation de l’efficacité des antalgiques. Ainsi, il est apparu que pour la plupart des patients, la douleur est l’élément principal à traiter, alors que les antalgiques sont considérés comme un élément mineur du traitement. Les antalgiques centraux paraissent les plus efficaces, essentiellement sur les douleurs diurnes, à la dose de 2 comprimés par jour. La connaissance du maniement des antalgiques paraît parcellaire et trop rarement précisée au patient. Si chez nos patients, les antalgiques sont souvent pris sur prescription médicale, ils sont le plus souvent pris insuffisamment, en fonction des poussées, à des horaires variables et sans connaissance des possibilités d’association entre antalgiques centraux et périphériques ou aux anti-inflammatoires non stéroidiens. Un effort d’éducation et de mise en place de règles de prescription des antalgiques dans la polyarthrite rhumatoïde doit être envisagé.
The Trapping Redundancy of Linear Block Codes (2009)

We generalize the notion of the stopping redundancy in order to study the smallest size of a trapping set in Tanner graphs of linear block codes. In this context, we introduce the notion of the trapping redundancy of a code, which quantifies the relationship between the number of redundant rows in any parity-check matrix of a given code and the size of its smallest trapping set. Trapping sets with certain parameter sizes are known to cause error-floors in the performance curves of iterative belief propagation (BP) decoders, and it is therefore important to identify decoding matrices that avoid such sets. Bounds on the trapping redundancy are obtained using probabilistic and constructive methods, and the analysis covers both general and elementary trapping sets. Numerical values for these bounds are computed for the [2640, 1320] Margulis code and the class of projective geometry codes, and compared with some new code-specific trapping set size estimates.
Molecular Mechanisms of Cytochrome P450 Induction: Potential for Drug-Drug Interactions (2007)

The human liver cytochromes P450 (CYP P450s) are superfamily of hemoproteins responsible for catalyzing the oxidative metabolism of drugs and xenobiotics entering human body. Drug-drug/xenobiotic interactions are a major cause of therapeutic failures and adverse events. The concomitant administration of inducers with other drugs that are metabolized by CYP450 can result in their altered metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract and/ or liver. The clinical importance of such interactions includes auto induction leading to suboptimal or failed treatment. It is a major concern for the drug companies while developing new drugs. The present understanding of the mechanisms of induction of CYP P450s enzymes and their regulation has made considerable progress during last few years. However there are still gaps in our understanding on molecular aspects of CYP enzymes. Therefore, it remains the subject of intense scientific research to ascertain their in vivo function, and also better understand how the expression of CYP enzymes is regulated at the molecular level. This review analyzes and presents recent findings and concepts on xenosensors and their target genes. Emphasis is given to the molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of CYP P450 mediated induction by xenobiotics and their potential for drug-drug interactions.
A Java cryptography service provider implementing one-time pad (2004)

Security is a challenging aspect of communications today that touches many areas including memory space, processing speed, code development and maintenance issues. When it comes to dealing with lightweight computing devices, each of these problems is amplified. In an attempt to address some of these problems, Sun's Java 2 standard edition version 1.4 includes the Java cryptography architecture (JCA). The JCA provides a single encryption API for application developers within a framework where multiple service providers may implement different algorithms. To the extent possible application developers have available multiple encryption technologies through a framework of common classes, interfaces and methods. The one time pad encryption method is a simple and reliable cryptographic algorithm whose characteristics make it attractive for communication with limited computing devices. The major difficulty of the one-time pad is key distribution. In this paper, we present an implementation of one-time pad as a JCA service provider, and demonstrate its usefulness on Palm devices.
A context-aware middleware for applications in mobile Ad Hoc environments (2004)

Novel ubiquitous computing applications such as intelligent vehicles, smart buildings, and traffic management require special properties that traditional computing applications do not support, such as context-awareness, massive decentralisation, autonomous behaviour, adaptivity, proactivity, and innate collaboration. This paper presents a new computational model and middleware that reflect support for the required the properties. The sentient object model is proposed by the CORTEX<sup>1</sup> project to support the construction of ubiquitous applications. A flexible, run-time reconfigurable component-based middleware has been built to provide run-time support to engineer the sentient object programming paradigm. An application infrastructure using sentient objects to enable cooperation between autonomous and proactive vehicles has been implemented to demonstrate the appropriateness of the computational model and the validity of the middleware for pervasive mobile ad hoc computing.
A robust fault diagnosis scheme based on signal modal estimation (2002)

A real-time fault detection and diagnosis technique for linear dynamic control systems is proposed. It provides fault detection and diagnosis using neither observer residuals nor parameter estimation errors, instead, it relies on the estimation of the underlying modal parameters of the dynamic system, and compares the estimates with the pre-calculated characteristic patterns which are represented as a set of root loci of physical parameters. The modal estimation is carried out using a numerically robust least square algorithm based on SVD (Singular Value Decomposition). A pattern recognition technique based on linear multiprototype distance functions is used to classify the faults according to the variation of physical parameters. The method possesses several advantages over the existing techniques: (i) the nature of the fault can be easily identified since the scheme uses physical parameters, rather than model parameters, for classification; (ii) the effect of disturbance on diagnosis is minimized because the modal estimation algorithm treats the disturbance as additional dynamics which are eliminated in the classification stage using truncated SVD; (iii) it is sufficient to use only one measurement signal, since any signal within the control loop contains all necessary modal information for fault diagnosis; and (iv) faults which cause various amount of parameter variation can be easily accommodated by proper selection of parameter ranges in constructing root loci. The method has successfully been applied to a DC servo system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Migrating software from procedural to object-oriented architecture (2002)

The paper describes our work on reengineering legacy procedural software systems to object oriented equivalents. The method proposed is based on applying design transformations to appropriate scenarios preserving behaviour. Our work is illustrated via a CASE tool which has been developed allowing an object oriented structure to be extracted from structured C code.
High Speed Image Synthesizer (1964)

An automatic plotter operating electronically was developed. This device can plot the data obtained from the electronic computer on a conventional cathode ray tube or a viewing storage tube. The plotting speed is about 1500 points for one minute and the error is the order of 0.5% for full scale. The plotter is now being used to plot spot-diagrams in the field of optical lens. Also, the plotter with viewing storage tube is being used for the light source of high speed image synthesizer. Some spot-diagrams were calculated and taken on the photographs. The photographs of the images synthesized those diagrams with Siemens star or square wave chart were taken and compared with the theoretical curves of transfer function. The operation of synthesis was found to be performed effectively and rapidly by this automatic plotter with viewing storage tube. The synthesized images showed satisfactory the effect of the typical image errors like phase reversal due to spherical aberration and the effects due to comatic aberration and astigmatism.
Electromagnetic Actuator Design Analysis Using a Two-Stage Optimization Method With Coarse–Fine Model Output Space Mapping (2014)

Electromagnetic actuators are energy conversion devices that suffer from inefficiencies. The conversion losses generate internal heat, which is undesirable, as it leads to thermal loading on the device. Temperature rise should be limited to enhance the reliability, minimize thermal disturbance, and improve the output performance of the device. This paper presents the application of an optimization method to determine the geometric configuration of a flexure-based linear electromagnetic actuator that maximizes output force per unit of heat generated. A two-stage optimization method is used to search for a global solution, followed by a feasible solution locally using a branch and bound method. The finite element magnetic (fine) model is replaced by an analytical (coarse) model during optimization using an output space mapping technique. An 80% reduction in computation time is achieved by the application of such an approximation technique. The measured output from the new prototype based on the optimal design shows a 45% increase in air gap magnetic flux density, a 40% increase in output force, and a 26% reduction in heat generation when compared with the initial design before application of the optimization method.
Video Copy-Detection and Localization with a Scalable Cascading Framework (2012)

For video copy detection, no single audio-visual feature, or single detector based on several features, can work well for all transformations. This article proposes a novel video copy-detection and localization approach with scalable cascading of complementary detectors and multiscale sequence matching. In this cascade framework, a soft-threshold learning algorithm is utilized to estimate the optimal decision thresholds for detectors, and a multiscale sequence matching method is employed to precisely locate copies using a 2D Hough transform and multigranularities similarity evaluation. Excellent performance on the TRECVID-CBCD 2011 benchmark dataset shows the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach.
Double-flip transfer of indium phosphide layers via adhesive wafer bonding and ion-cutting process (2007)

A twice-transferred layer of indium phosphide (InP) onto a host substrate by means of ion cutting and adhesive wafer bonding was demonstrated to be suitable for device integration. A thin layer was first transferred onto a glass handle through the ion-cutting process by hydrogen implantation and adhesive bonding. The InP/adhesive/glass structure was then bonded to a host substrate using benzocyclobutene, followed by thermal separation of the temporary bond. The surface of the resulting InP layer is that of the original substrate, demonstrating the feasibility of prefabricated device layer transfer without etching sacrificial donors. The electrical properties of the transferred layer are also presented.
Correlations of velocity and temperature fluctuations in the stagnation-point flow of circular cylinder in turbulent flow (1988)

Boundary layer flow and turbulence transport analyses to study the influence of the free-stream turbulence on the surface heat transfer rate and the skin friction around the stagnation point of a circular cylinder in a turbulent flow are presented. The analyses are formulated with the turbulent boundary layer equations, the Reynolds stress transport equations and the k - epsilon two-equation turbulence modeling. The analyses are used to calculate the time-averaged turbulence double correlations, the mean flow properties, the surface heat transfer rate and the skin friction with an isotropic turbulence in the freestream. The analytical results are described and compared with the existing experimental measurements. Depending on the free-stream turbulence properties, the turbulence kinetic energy can increase or decrease as the flow moves toward the surface. However, the turbulence kinetic energy induces large Reynolds normal stresses at the boundary layer edge. The Reynolds normal stresses change the boundary layer profiles of the time-averaged double correlations of the velocity and temperature fluctuations, the surface heat transfer rate and the skin friction. The free-stream turbulence dissipation rate can affect the stagnation-point heat transfer rate but the influence of the free-stream temperature fluctuation on the heat transfer rate is insignificant.
The synthetic triterpenoid, CDDO-Imidazolide blocks nuclear factor-κB activation through direct inhibition of IκB kinase-beta. (2006)

Fifth AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research, Nov 12-15, 2006

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Signaling cascades emanating from nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB) activation have been shown to play pivotal roles in the processes of tumor initiation, promotion, and progression. Inhibition of this pathway is in an attractive target for chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic agents. The synthetic triterpenoid 1-[2-cyano-3-,12-dioxooleana-1,9(11)-dien-28-oyl]imidazole (CDDO-Im) is a multifunctional agent with potent anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, cytoprotective, and apoptotic activities, whose molecular targets are unknown. Using both cell-free and cellular assays we show that CDDO-Im, at mid to high nM concentrations is a direct inhibitor of IκB kinase-beta (IKKβ), and that it thereby inhibits binding of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) to DNA and subsequent transcriptional activation. Pretreatment of cells with CDDO-Im prevents IκB alpha (IκBα) phosphorylation and degradation in response to tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). The kinetics of this inhibition by CDDO-Im are rapid and occur with 15 minutes. A biotinylated analog of CDDO-Im showed that CDDO-Im binds to the IKK signalsome. Furthermore, we show that cysteine 179 on IKK is a target for CDDO-Im. This is the first report to demonstrate that this novel synthetic triterpenoid binds to and inhibits IKKβ directly. Due to the critical role played by NF-κB in tumor initiation, promotion, and progression, inhibition of IKKβ by this novel triterpenoid may play an important pharmacological role in its chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic capabilities. CDDO-Im is currently being evaluated as a chemopreventive agent in a number of preclinical disease models.
HLA class II tetramers: Tools for direct analysis of antigen-specific CD4+ T cells (2002)

Immunotherapies for human autoimmune and immune-mediated diseases are proliferating rapidly, and with these changes comes the opportunity to monitor patients for immune responses to therapy based on early surrogate markers for clinical responses. Class II tetramers have the potential to serve as these sorts of markers for immune monitoring, and thereby assist with patient management, therapy selection, and improved outcomes. However, important issues of TCR avidity require resolution, because much is still unknown regarding location, quantitation, and characterization of the human T cell response. Opportunities for application of tetramer technologies in the near future will enable both clinical progress and the development of new insights into human CD4+ T cell biology in vivo.
Human energy expenditure in affluent societies: an analysis of 574 doubly-labelled water measurements. (1996)

There now exists a large and robust database of energy expenditure measurements obtained by the doubly-labelled water method. Analysis of the data from affluent societies shows that, in general, levels of energy expenditure are similar to the recommendations for energy requirements adopted by FAO/WHO/UNU (1985) and UK Department of Health (1991). PAL values for active subjects tend to be higher than is currently assumed. The current analysis provides a substantial body of normal data against which other estimates can be compared.
Application hosting for pervasive computing (2001)

This paper reviews the impact that the emerging pervasive “sea of devices” may have on the task of service provisioning and introduces Whale, an architecture that enables an application not only to vary the format of the content generated for each particular device, but also allows the author to define a device-specific view on the application's data and features, thus providing optimal application interaction for each device. Whale achieves this through the strict separation of content presentation from content generation, using JavaServer Pages™ and JavaBeans™ technologies, and by creating WhaleInvoker as an enhancement of WebSphere™, which dynamically selects and executes the appropriate combination of JavaServer Pages and JavaBeans to satisfy a data request from an end-user device. The paper also describes the first commercial deployment of the Whale architecture—Swissair's Easy Check-In service.
Coinjection of Seawater and Produced Water to Improve Oil Recovery from Fractured North Sea Chalk Oil Reservoirs (2009)

Carbonate oil reservoirs are often fractured with moderate water-wet conditions, which prevent spontaneous imbibition of water into the matrix blocks. Enhanced oil recovery by water flooding is therefore seldom successful, and the average oil recovery from carbonates is usually much less than 30%. Hence, the improved oil recovery potential is very high in these types of reservoirs. Recent studies on chalk cores from the North Sea formations have shown that seawater is able to change the wettability toward a more water-wet condition at high temperatures, >100 °C. The successful injection of seawater into the Ekofisk formation, where the oil recovery is now estimated to reach 50%, is a good example. Seawater contains favorable concentrations of the potential determining ions Ca2+, Mg2+, and SO42− that are active in the displacement of strongly adsorbed carboxylic material from the chalk surface. The initial formation water will partly mix with seawater. Therefore, the amount and composition of the produced water will vary with time. Due to environmental reasons, the produced water should be reinjected together with seawater into the chalk formation. The question that we ask in this paper is: “Will mixtures of seawater and produced water displace the oil in a similarly good manner as pure seawater?” This paper contains: (1) calculations of the compatibility of different mixtures of SSW (synthetic seawater) and artificial PW (artificial produced water) regarding precipitation of CaSO4, SrSO4, and BaSO4 at various temperatures. In most cases the fluids were compatible when the PW was diluted at least 4 times with SSW. (2) Experimental work on oil recovery from chalk cores of moderate water-wetness using various mixtures of SSW and PW. Both spontaneous imbibition and viscous flooding were performed. At T > 100 °C, the oil recovery by using PW:SSW mixtures in ratios ranging from 2:1 to 1:8 was significantly higher than by using pure PW in a spontaneous imbibition process. In a viscous flood, SSW appeared to be much more efficient than PW to displace the oil, and high oil recovery values were reached. This work is environmentally promising, because the conclusion drawn is that it should be possible to coinject produced water and seawater into a North Sea chalk oil reservoir, such as Valhall, without losing the good enhanced oil recovery properties of seawater.
Comprehensive kernel instrumentation via dynamic binary translation (2012)

Dynamic binary translation (DBT) is a powerful technique that enables fine-grained monitoring and manipulation of an existing program binary. At the user level, it has been employed extensively to develop various analysis, bug-finding, and security tools. Such tools are currently not available for operating system (OS) binaries since no comprehensive DBT framework exists for the OS kernel. To address this problem, we have developed a DBT framework that runs as a Linux kernel module, based on the user-level DynamoRIO framework. Our approach is unique in that it controls all kernel execution, including interrupt and exception handlers and device drivers, enabling comprehensive instrumentation of the OS without imposing any overhead on user-level code. In this paper, we discuss the key challenges in designing and building an in-kernel DBT framework and how the design differs from user-space. We use our framework to build several sample instrumentations, including simple instruction counting as well as an implementation of shadow memory for the kernel. Using the shadow memory, we build a kernel stack overflow protection tool and a memory addressability checking tool. Qualitatively, the system is fast enough and stable enough to run the normal desktop workload of one of the authors for several weeks.