gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Software defined green data center network with exclusive routing (2014)

The explosive expansion of data center sizes aggravates the power consumption and carbon footprint, which has restricted the sustainable growth of cloud services and seriously troubled data center operators. In recent years, plenty of advanced data center network architectures have been proposed. They usually employ richly-connected topologies and multi-path routing to provide high network capacity. Unfortunately, they also undergo inefficient network energy usage during the traffic valley time. To address the problem, many energy-aware flow scheduling algorithms are proposed recently, primarily considering how to aggregate traffic by flexibly choosing the routing paths, with flows fairly sharing the link bandwidths. In this paper, we leverage software defined network (SDN) technique and explore a new solution to energy-aware flow scheduling, i.e., scheduling flows in the time dimension and using exclusive routing (EXR) for each flow, i.e., a flow always exclusively utilizes the links of its routing path. The key insight is that exclusive occupation of link resources usually results in higher link utilization in high-radix data center networks, since each flow does not need to compete for the link bandwidths with others. When scheduling the flows, EXR leaves flexibility to operators to define the priorities of flows, e.g., based on flow size, flow deadline, etc. Extensive simulations and testbed experiments both show that EXR can effectively save network energy compared with the regular fair-sharing routing (FSR), and significantly reduce the average flow completion time if assigning higher scheduling priorities to smaller flows.
605 Effect of 160℃ Annealing on the fatigue damage of Ultrafine Grained Copper (2007)

Ultrafine grained (UFG) copper was processed by equal channel angular pressing. After the processing, some samples were annealed at 160℃(3min). Materials with and without annealing are referred to UFG-A and UFG, respectively. Although the tensile strength of UFG-A was about 20% less than that of UFG, fatigue strength in the long-life field in excess of 10^7 cycles was higher in UFG-A than in UFG. The change in surface damage was monitored successively, showing the difference in formation behavior of surface damage between UFG and UFG-A. The surface hardness of both materials was severely decreased with stressing. The decreasing trend of hardness was closely related with the formation process of surface damage.
Superhydrophobic Hybrid Inorganic–Organic Thiol-ene Surfaces Fabricated via Spray-Deposition and Photopolymerization (2013)

We report a simple and versatile method for the fabrication of superhydrophobic inorganic-organic thiol-ene coatings via sequential spray-deposition and photopolymerization under ambient conditions. The coatings are obtained by spray-deposition of UV-curable hybrid inorganic-organic thiol-ene resins consisting of pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) (PETMP), triallyl isocyanurate (TTT), 2,4,6,8-tetramethyl-2,4,6,8-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane (TMTVSi), and hydrophobic fumed silica nanoparticles. The spray-deposition process and nanoparticle agglomeration/dispersion provide surfaces with hierarchical morphologies exhibiting both micro- and nanoscale roughness. The wetting behavior, dependent on the concentration of TMTVSi and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles, can be varied over a broad range to ultimately provide coatings with high static water contact angles (>150°), low contact angle hysteresis, and low roll off angles (<5°). The cross-linked thiol-ene coatings are solvent resistant, stable at low and high pH, and maintain superhydrophobic wetting behavior after extended exposure to elevated temperatures. We demonstrate the versatility of the spray-deposition and UV-cure process on a variety of substrate surfaces including glass, paper, stone, and cotton fabric.
Hydrogenation reduces the allergenicity of colophony (rosin) (1988)

Abietic acid is the main component of rosin. It is readily oxidized by air and its oxidation products are considered to be mainly responsible for the allergenic effect. Hydrogenation of the conjugated double bonds of abietic acid decreases its susceptibility to air oxidation and would thus reduce the allergenicity of rosin. Portuguese gum rosin was therefore hydrogenated and its allergenicity was compared with that of unmodified rosin in animal experiments and by patch testing in humans. Its sensitizing potential was determined in 2 studies. No response was found according to the FCAT method while the GPMT gave significant response in the animals challenged with the highest test concentration. Hydrogenated rosin showed no eliciting activity in animals induced with unmodified rosin according to the GPMT method. A marked decrease was found in the frequency of allergic reactions to hydrogenated rosin compared to the reactions to unmodified rosin in patients with known allergy to gum rosin. We conclude that elimination of the unsaturated non-aromatic compounds by hydrogenation considerably reduces the allergenicity of Portuguese gum rosin.
Test and evaluation system for multi-protocol sampled value protection schemes (2011)

Proposed transmission smart grids will use a digital platform for the automation of substations operating at voltage levels of 110 kV and above. The IEC 61850 series of standards, released in parts over the last ten years, provide a specification for substation communications networks and systems. These standards, along with IEEE Std 1588-2008 Precision Time Protocol version 2 (PTPv2) for precision timing, are recommended by the both IEC Smart Grid Strategy Group and the NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards for substation automation. IEC 61850-8-1 and IEC 61850-9-2 provide an inter-operable solution to support multi-vendor digital process bus solutions, allowing for the removal of potentially lethal voltages and damaging currents from substation control rooms, a reduction in the amount of cabling required in substations, and facilitates the adoption of non-conventional instrument transformers (NCITs). IEC 61850, PTPv2 and Ethernet are three complementary protocol families that together define the future of sampled value digital process connections for smart substation automation. This paper describes a specific test and evaluation system that uses real time simulation, protection relays, PTPv2 time clocks and artificial network impairment that is being used to investigate technical impediments to the adoption of SV process bus systems by transmission utilities. Knowing the limits of a digital process bus, especially when sampled values and NCITs are included, will enable utilities to make informed decisions regarding the adoption of this technology.
High frequency ultrasonics using PZT sol gel composites (1999)

Abstract Piezoelectric arrays suitable for high frequency ultrasound have been fabricated using PZT sol gel composite coatings in the thickness range of 5–100μm on aluminum and platinized alumina substrates. The coatings have been quantitatively characterized using impedance measurements to 100 MHz. The analysis provides a direct measure of the piezoelectric coupling coefficient of kt < 0.34. 16 element linear array structures suitable for ultrasound biomicroscopy at 30–40 MHz with elements having dimensions ∼40μm thick, 20–25μm wide and 15μm spacing have been patterned using excimer based laser micromachining. The dielectric and pulse echo responses have been measured.
Effects of dexamethasone on human natural killer cell cytotoxicity, interferon production, and interleukin-2 receptor expression induced by microbial antigens (1986)

Dexamethasone inhibits the expression of the interleukin-2 receptor, the synthesis of immune interferon, and the development of natural killer cells when added to peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured with soluble microbial antigens (purified protein derivative and a polysaccharide extract from Candida albicans [MPPS]) or human recombinant interleukin-2.
A Segment of Five Amino Acids in the Second Extracellular Loop of the Cholecystokinin-B Receptor Is Essential for Selectivity of the Peptide Agonist Gastrin (1996)

The two known receptors mediating the actions of cholecystokinin (CCK) and gastrin, CCK type A (CCKAR) and CCK type B (CCKBR) receptors, are G protein-coupled receptors having approximately 50% amino acid homology. Both the CCKAR and CCKBR have high affinity for sulfated CCK peptides, while only the CCKBR has high affinity for gastrin peptides. To determine the structural basis for the selectivity of the CCKBR for gastrin, we first constructed a series of CCKB/AR chimeras in which restriction endonuclease-defined segments of the CCKBR were replaced with the corresponding segments of the CCKAR. Chimeras transiently expressed in COS-1 cells were screened for the selective loss of gastrin affinity according to the displacement of 125I-labeled Bolton-Hunter-CCK-8 binding by gastrin-17-I and CCK-8. The sequence spanning from transmembrane domain III (TM III) to TM V was the only segment that resulted in the selective loss of gastrin affinity. This segment could account for 100 of the expected 300-fold lower affinity of gastrin-17-I observed for the control CCKAR compared to the control CCKBR. Using site-directed mutagenesis in this segment of the CCKBR, we identified a sequence of 5 amino acids in the second extracellular loop responsible for this 100-fold selective loss in gastrin affinity. 125I-labeled Bolton-Hunter-CCK-8 binding displacement by L365,260 (a CCKBR selective antagonist) was unaffected by the changes in these 5 amino acids. These results present for the first time the identification of the amino acid sequence of the CCKBR conferring the majority of the selectivity for gastrin.
Multi-turbine Associative Model for Wind Turbine Performance Monitoring (2012)

Comparing the performance parameters of a set of wind turbines in a single region will provide insights that prevent raising unnecessary alarm, while confirming actual faults. Wind turbines operating in a wind farm experience similar operating and environmental conditions that could indicate either normality for that group or failures that manifest in those conditions. These norms and failures are an orthogonal set of data rich in information that can be utilized in performance monitoring algorithms to supply better prediction accuracy and low false positives. In this paper, we describe the use of an associative model (AM) for fault detection in a population. An associative model maps system parameters to an identical set of virtual parameters. The AM-based approach can be used to capture the underlying correlation of an observable system, such as performance parameters of a set of wind turbines in a wind farm. The residuals between the model output and the input can then be used to detect anomalies and isolate faults.
Use of molecular dynamics method for dot pattern design of a thin light guide in an LED backlight (2009)

We propose a molecular dynamics method dot generation scheme incorporating the periodic boundary and fixed-cell boundary geometrical conditions to generate random dot distribution on the order of several million dots for use in the base of a thin light guide. In addition, the generation scheme can be used to easily adjust the dot density at any local region from illuminance causing feedback in the optical design phase. Based on the incorporation of these two geometrical conditions, the generation of the random dots for the whole LED light guide can be simplified to just three subdomains, one domain represented by the periodic boundary condition, and the other two domains represented by the fixed-cell boundary condition. Employing these conditions significantly shortens the computational time necessary to obtain optimal random dot distribution and subsequent optical optimization on a PC using optical commercial software.
Chirp-free optical modulation using a silicon push-pull coupling microring (2009)

We propose a silicon ring-based optical modulation method to perform chirp-free optical modulations. In this scheme, we locate the light to be modulated at the resonance of the ring and tune the coupling coefficient between the ring and the straight waveguide by using a push-pull coupling structure. The chirp-free phase modulation can be achieved by varying the coupling coefficient in a large range, which can modify the coupling condition of the ring such that the input light experiences an abrupt phase shift of pi at the output. If the coupling coefficient is adjusted in a small range such that the coupling condition of the ring is kept unchanged, only the intensity of the light will be modulated. This leads to chirp-free intensity modulation. Our simulations performed at 10 Gbits/s confirm the feasibility of the proposal.
The Thermal Decomposition of Lithium Aluminum Hydride (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTThe Thermal Decomposition of Lithium Aluminum HydrideJacob Block and A. P. GrayCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1965, 4, 3, 304–305Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50025a009https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50025a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views645Altmetric-Citations80LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Fas Ligand-Induced c-Jun Kinase Activation in Lymphoid Cells Requires Extensive Receptor Aggregation But Is Independent of DAXX, and Fas-Mediated Cell Death Does Not Involve DAXX, RIP, or RAIDD (2000)

Jun kinase signaling can be elicited by death receptor activation, but the mechanism and significance of this event are still unclear. It has been reported that cross-linking Abs to Fas trigger c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling via caspase-mediated activation of MEKK1 (JNK kinase kinase), elevation of ceramide levels or by recruitment of death domain associated protein (DAXX) to Fas. The effect of physiological ligand for Fas on JNK signaling was never investigated, although evidence is accumulating that Fas ligand is able to induce cellular responses distinct from those evoked by Ab-mediated cross-linking of Fas. Therefore, we investigated the effect of Fas ligand on JNK signaling. Like its ability to induce cell death, Fas ligand reliably activated JNK only upon extensive aggregation of the receptor. Although this was partially dependent on caspase activation, DAXX was not required. DAXX and other death receptor-associated proteins, which have been reported to bind directly or indirectly to Fas, such as receptor interacting protein (RIP) and RIP-associated ICH-1/CED-3-homologous protein with a death domain (RAIDD), were shown to be dispensable for Fas ligand-induced apoptosis.
Cyber-physical Systems (2009)

Sophisticated control-computing codesign provides unprecedented performance and efficiency levels for cyber-physical systems.
End Gas Inhomogeneity, Autoignition and Knock (1998)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">An advanced gas dynamic/chemistry interaction code, SPRINT2D, has been developed to simulate end gas autoignition and knock. This confirms that an earlier hypothesis of three distinct modes of autoignition was not an artefact of the previous numerical code. A comprehensive chemical kinetic scheme has predicted autoignition onset and demonstrated a mechanism for creating the end gas temperature gradients assumed in, as well as generated heat release rates for use in, SPRINT2D.</div> <div class="htmlview paragraph">Using the combined modelling techniques, good matches between theoretical and experimental autoignition centre growth (at up to 750,000 frames/second), particle tracking and pressure development sequence at multiple transducer sites have been obtained for “thermal explosion” and “developing detonation” autoignition events.</div>
An Analysis of Stochastic Game Theory for Multiagent Reinforcement Learning (2000)

Learning behaviors in a multiagent environment is crucial for developing and adapting multiagent systems. Reinforcement learning techniques have addressed this problem for a single agent acting in a stationary environment, which is modeled as a Markov decision process (MDP). But, multiagent environments are inherently non-stationary since the other agents are free to change their behavior as they also learn and adapt. Stochastic games, first studied in the game theory community, are a natural extension of MDPs to include multiple agents. In this paper we contribute a comprehensive presentation of the relevant techniques for solving stochastic games from both the game theory community and reinforcement learning communities. We examine the assumptions and limitations of these algorithms, and identify similarities between these algorithms, single agent reinforcement learners, and basic game theory techniques. 1. Introduction The problem of an agent learning to act in ...
Shy-Drager syndrome: the transitional variant. (1987)

The clinicopathological features of a patient with the transitional variant of the Shy-Drager syndrome is described. The only previously reported case of the transitional variant was reexamined and pathological similarities to the present case are reviewed. Both patients exhibited features of Parkinson's disease with Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra and locus ceruleus. Striato-nigral degeneration and olivo-ponto-cerebellar atrophy were evident in both cases. They can thus be considered as transitional forms of the Shy-Drager syndrome with feature of both Parkinson's disease and multiple system atrophy.
Drawing on Paper Maps: Reliable On-line Symbol Recognition of Handwritten Symbols Using a Digital Pen and a Mobile Phone (2007)

We present a reliable on-line handwritten recognition system which recognizes symbols, such as NATO symbols, drawn on a paper maps using a digital pen and a mobile phone. Our user evaluation shows that maximal accuracy can be achieved. Furthermore, our proposed system has low latency running on off-the-shelf mobile phones. The recognition system is part of a research effort providing field soldiers with lightweight computer support.
Dosimetric verification of intensity modulated beams produced with dynamic multileaf collimation using an electronic portal imaging device (1999)

Dose distributions can often be significantly improved by modulating the two-dimensional intensity profile of the individual x-ray beams. One technique for delivering intensity modulated beams is dynamic multileaf collimation (DMLC). However, DMLC is complex and requires extensive quality assurance. In this paper a new method is presented for a pretreatment dosimetric verification of these intensity modulated beams utilizing a charge-coupled device camera based fluoroscopic electronic portal imaging device (EPID). In the absence of the patient, EPID images are acquired for all beams produced with DMLC. These images are then converted into two-dimensional dose distributions and compared with the calculated dose distributions. The calculations are performed with a pencil beam algorithm as implemented in a commercially available treatment planning system using the same absolute beam fluence profiles as used for calculation of the patient dose distribution. The method allows an overall verification of (i) the leaf trajectory calculation (including the models to incorporate collimator scatter and leaf transmission), (ii) the correct transfer of the leaf sequencing file to the treatment machine, and (iii) the mechanical and dosimetrical performance of the treatment unit. The method was tested for intensity modulated 10 and 25 MV photon beams; both model cases and real clinical cases were studied. Dose profiles measured with the EPID were also compared with ionization chamber measurements. In all cases both predictions and EPID measurements and EPID and ionization chamber measurements agreed within 2% (1 sigma). The study has demonstrated that the proposed method allows fast and accurate pretreatment verification of DMLC.
Magnetorheological Fluids: Materials, Characterization, and Devices (1996)

Magnetorheological (MR) fluids consist of stable suspensions of magnetic particles in a carrying fluid. Magnetorheological effect is one of the direct influences on the mechanical properties of a fluid. It represents a reversible increase, due to an external magnetic field of effective viscosity. MR fluids and devices have the potential to revolutionize the design of hydraulic systems, actuators, valves, active shock and vibration dampers, and other components used in mechanical systems. At present, there is a compelling need to develop new and improved MR fluids, to lower their production cost through improved manufacturing processes, and to develop MR fluid-based application devices that will demonstrate the engineering feasibility of the MR fluids concept and will highlight the implementation challenges. To this end, the present study is undertaken. A unique high-speed bead mill machine, especially designed to the manufacture of MR fluids, is used to fabricate MR fluids in a laboratory-scale MR fluid fabrication facility at the Center for Intelligent Material Systems and Structures (CIMSS) at VA Tech. Characterization studies are conducted to optimize the quality and the properties of MR fluids, and different ingredients and formulations are tested to produce MR fluids that meet most appropriately the design specifications. A modified HAAKE cone-plate viscometer is used to measure the basic properties of the manufactured MR fluids. As a demonstration of MR fluid-based devices, a cross-stepper exercise machine is modified to incorporate an MR throttle valve, which is the most important element of any MR fluid system.
A remote sensing fusion approach using MTF-adjusted filter banks (2016)

In this paper, we propose a novel pansharpening method based on decomposition/reconstruction processing using low-pass and high-pass filter banks. On the one hand, the low-pass approximation (taking into account the imaging system modulation transfer function MTF) of the fused multispectral (MS) image is assumed to be equal to the original one aiming at preserving the spectral quality. On the other hand, the high-pass filter allowing us to extract the high-frequency PAN details is designed as complementary filter to the low-pass filter in order to provide perfect reconstruction in the ideal case. Quantitative assessment performed on reduced and full-resolution images are used to validate the proposed technique and compare it to state-of-art. Experimental results using Pleaides and GeoEye-1 data show that our proposed fusion schema outperforms the preexisting methods visually as well as quantitatively.