gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Decrease in Mitochondrial Complex I Activity in Ischemic/Reperfused Rat Heart (2003)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered an important factor in ischemia/reperfusion injury to cardiac myocytes. Mitochondrial respiration is an important source of ROS production and hence a potential contributor to cardiac reperfusion injury. In this study, we have examined the effect of ischemia and ischemia followed by reperfusion of rat hearts on various parameters related to mitochondrial function, such as complex I activity, oxygen consumption, ROS production, and cardiolipin content. The activity of complex I was reduced by 25% and 48% in mitochondria isolated from ischemic and reperfused rat heart, respectively, compared with the controls. These changes in complex I activity were associated with parallel changes in state 3 respiration. The capacity of mitochondria to produce H2O2 increased on reperfusion. The mitochondrial content of cardiolipin, which is required for optimal activity of complex I, decreased by 28% and 50% as function of ischemia and reperfusion, respectively. The lower complex I activity in mitochondria from reperfused rat heart could be completely restored to the level of normal heart by exogenous added cardiolipin. This effect of cardiolipin could not be replaced by other phospholipids nor by peroxidized cardiolipin. It is proposed that the defect in complex I activity in ischemic/reperfused rat heart could be ascribed to a ROS-induced cardiolipin damage. These findings may provide an explanation for some of the factors responsible for myocardial reperfusion injury.
Rectangular magnetron with full target erosion (1999)

The article reports on the operation of a rectangular magnetron with three and four closed discharges simultaneously formed on the surface of sputtered target. The closed discharges, elliptically shaped with the longer axis perpendicular to the long side of the rectangular magnetron, are formed using magnetic circuits placed behind the sputtered target. By moving these magnetic circuits along the long axis of a rectangular target, it is possible to achieve almost full target erosion and therefore significantly increase the usage lifetime of the target. This principle can be used for rectangular magnetrons with arbitrary length of the target. The longer the target, the greater the number of closed discharges that are required. Experimentally, it was found that neighboring closed discharges can interact which may significantly modify the sputtering characteristics of the magnetron cathode. This interaction is described and the physical requirements to avoid its occurrence are given. The I–V characteristics of a rectangular magnetron with one, two, and three closed discharges are given.
Enhanced Performance of Organic Photovoltaic Cells Using F<sub>4</sub>-TCNQ-PEDOT:PSS Films as a Hole Conducting Layer (2010)

In this study, tetrafluoro-tetracyano-quinodimethane (F4-TCNQ)-doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) was spin-coated on a pre-patterned ITO glass and used as hole conducting layer materials in organic photovoltaic cells. The multi-layered ITO/F4-TCNQ-PEDOT:PSS/CuPc/CuPc:C60/C60/BCP/Al organic photovoltaic cells were fabricated to evaluate the J − V characteristics such as short circuit current (Jsc), open circuit voltage (Voc), fill factor (FF) and energy conversion efficiency (ηe) of the device. A higher power conversion efficiency obtained from the device with a concentration of 0.1 wt% F4-TCNQ in the PEDOT:PSS layer was achieved compared to those adopted from device without F4-TCNQ doping in the PEDOT:PSS layer, and current density-voltage characteristics was also improved well with incorporation of F4-TCNQ in PEDOT:PSS films.
A (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: Acrylic Plastics Active Packaging Adhesive Applicators Adhesives Adhesives, Extrudable Aerosol Containers Air Conveying Ampuls and Vials, Glass Analytical Methods for Food, Packaging and Shelf Life Studies Anti-Counterfeiting Packaging Anti-Fog Coating Antimicrobial Packaging Applications of Predictive, Microbiology to Food Packaging Aroma Barrier Testing Bibliography
An ordered sequence of events is required before BALB/c-3T3 cells become committed to DNA synthesis (1978)

An ordered sequence of events must be completed before cells become committed to synthesize DNA. A platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), present in heated (100 degrees ) extracts of human platelets, induces density-inhibited BALB/c-3T3 cells to become competent to proliferate. Platelet-poor plasma induces these competent cells to leave the competence point, progress through G(0)/G(1), and enter the S phase. Treatment of G(0)-arrested, incompetent cells with plasma, before the addition of PDGF, did not shorten the latent period for DNA synthesis or increase the rate of entry into the S phase. Growth arrest points in the plasma-dependent progression sequence were detected in G(0)/G(1). PDGF-treated competent cells were exposed to an optimal concentration of plasma (5%) for various lengths of time and were then transferred to medium lacking plasma; the subsequent readdition of plasma stimulated the cells to enter the S phase. The lag period until DNA synthesis, in such experiments, was dictated by the length of the initial exposure to plasma. PDGF-treated competent cells that were incubated with plasma for 5 hr during the initial exposure did not leave the competence point; they began DNA synthesis 12 hr after the readdition of plasma. However, a population of cells treated with plasma for 10 hr became arrested at a point 6 hr before DNA synthesis, whereas a population treated with plasma for 12-15 hr became arrested at a point immediately before DNA synthesis. Cells remained arrested at this latter point for as long as 24 hr, and these arrested cells were not committed to DNA synthesis. The addition of plasma induced immediate entry into the S phase with an apparent first-order rate of entry being determined by the plasma concentration. This plasma-dependent commitment (transition) to DNA synthesis was blocked by cycloheximide but not by hydroxyurea. Removal of the hydroxyurea allowed cells to enter the S phase synchronously in the absence of plasma.
Silicon models of lateral inhibition (1993)

The neurological process known as lateral inhibition (LI) has long been acknowledged as a critical operation for the preprocessing many types of sensory stimuli. In the mammalian retina, LI is utilized to enhance visual images by performing differential amplification on the pixels from which the image is composed. In this study, LI is implemented using VLSI-based models. These models consist of small two-dimensional arrays of generalized sensory pixels, each of which inhibits, and in turn is inhibited by, each of its immediate neighbors. Two custom CMOS array prototypes circuits have been designed, fabricated, and characterized. Test results indicate that both circuits are able to impart contrast to arbitrary two-dimensional geometric images in a flexible yet stable manner, and do so immediately and simultaneously. These arrays thus offer a level of performance not attainable by software methods, making this method well suited for machine vision systems that utilize parallel architectures.
A model of telemedicine for a regional intranet of healthcare services in Spain (2000)

Castilla y León is a rural region with a very sparse population of about 2,560,00 inhabitants. Special healthcare challenges arise due to this regions’ very aged population and large dimensions. A theoretical model of services of Telemedicine is proposed to make easier the planning of future projects. It is aimed to show the requirements and benefits of such services. Moreover, a teleradiology trial was carried out in order to obtain realistic information about the impact of Telemedicine applications on healthcare professionals and users.
Rapid test for the detection of hazardous microbiological material (2009)

After attacks with anthrax pathogens have been committed since 2001 all over the world the fast detection and determination of biological samples has attracted interest. A very promising method for a rapid test is Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). LIBS is an optical method which uses time-resolved or time-integrated spectral analysis of optical plasma emission after pulsed laser excitation. Even though LIBS is well established for the determination of metals and other inorganic materials the analysis of microbiological organisms is difficult due to their very similar stoichiometric composition. To analyze similar LIBS-spectra computer assisted chemometrics is a very useful approach. In this paper we report on first results of developing a compact and fully automated rapid test for the detection of hazardous microbiological material. Experiments have been carried out with two setups: A bulky one which is composed of standard laboratory components and a compact one consisting of miniaturized industrial components. Both setups work at an excitation wavelength of λ=1064nm (Nd:YAG). Data analysis is done by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with an adjacent neural network for fully automated sample identification.
The Demise of Defense (1983)

After defining the terms offense and defense, the interplay of these aspects of warfare through several periods of history is outlined. Subsequent to World War I the offense began to gain ascendancy, and this trend accelerated toward the end of World War II. An analysis of current military weaponry and doctrine leads to the conclusion that defense in the usual sense is not now feasible and that no foreseeable technological developments are likely to change this situation.
Intussusception Risk after Rotavirus Vaccination in U.S. Infants (2014)

RV5 was associated with approximately 1.5 (95% CI, 0.2 to 3.2) excess cases of intussusception per 100,000 recipients of the first dose. The secondary analysis of RV1 suggested a potential risk, although the study of RV1 was underpowered. These risks must be considered in light of the demonstrated benefits of rotavirus vaccination. (Funded by the Food and Drug Administration.).
Physical optics approach to guided-mode resonance filters (2000)

This dissertation develops a theoretical framework for guided mode resonance filters (GMRFs) with surface relief gratings based on a physical optics approach. A GMRF is a unique optical device that utilizes the resonance due to the coupling of a diffraction order of a grating with a waveguide mode. This coupling process leads to rapid fluctuations in the reflected and transmitted fields from the GMRF. The reflected output can change from 0% to 100% over extremely small wavelength (or angular) regions with a Lorentzian lineshape. It is shown that the surface relief gratings can be effectively modeled using effective medium theory (EMT). Combining the EMT modeled surface relief grating and thin film theory provides an approximation of the sidelobe levels around a resonance peak and can be used to design a grating that acts as an anti-reflection coating. In addition, EMT can be combined with multilayer waveguide relationships to provide an improved method for determining the wavelength of a resonance. The effect of a finite aperture grating upon the reflected and transmitted output from a GMRF is analyzed. The resonance peak width is found to be inversely proportional to the grating length and the peak efficiency of the GMRF is shown to decrease with reduced grating length. Finally, the design and analysis of a GMRF with a nonlinear waveguide is presented and shown to be capable of providing all-optical switching with low input intensities.
RESEARCH ON INTRUSION DETECTION AND RESPONSE: A SURVEY (2005)

With recent advances in network based technology and increased dependability of our every day life on this technology, assuring reliable operation of network based systems is very important. During recent years, number of attacks on networks has dramatically increased and consequently interest in network intrusion detection has increased among the researchers. This paper provides a review on current trends in intrusion detection together with a study on technologies implemented by some researchers in this research area. Honey pots are effective detection tools to sense attacks such as port or email scanning activities in the network. Some features and applications of honey pots are explained in this paper.
Synthesis of [<sup>125</sup>I]‐, [<sup>2</sup>H]‐, and [<sup>3</sup>H]‐Labeled 3‐Iodothyronamine (T<sub>1</sub>AM). (2006)

Abstract ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Total Synthesis and Configurational Assignment of (−)‐Dictyostatin, a Microtubule‐Stabilizing Macrolide of Marine Sponge Origin (2004)

A flexible and modular approach was used in the convergent and highly stereocontrolled synthesis of the antimitotic agent dictyostatin. This first total synthesis establishes its full stereochemistry and should be amenable to producing useful quantities and designed analogues of this molecule, whose conformation closely resembles that of discodermolide (see overlayed structures).
Midterm Benefits of Left Univentricular Pacing in Patients With Congestive Heart Failure (2004)

Background— Resynchronization therapy by simultaneous pacing of the right and left ventricles has gained wide acceptance as a useful treatment for patients with severe congestive heart failure. Several short-term hemodynamic studies in humans and animals failed to demonstrate any benefit of biventricular pacing over left univentricular pacing, but long-term studies on this pacing mode are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the outcome over a 1-year period of patients paced exclusively in the left ventricle. Methods and Results— Clinical, angiographic, echocardiographic, and ergometric data were collected at baseline and after 12 months in 22 patients (age, 69.3±6.5 years) with NYHA class III or IV (10 patients), sinus rhythm, left bundle-branch block, and no bradycardia indication for pacing. After 12 months, compared with baseline values, NYHA class improved significantly by 40% ( P <0.0001), 6-minute walk distance by 30% ( P =0.01), peak V̇ o 2 by 26% ( P =0.01), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter by 5% ( P =0.02), ejection fraction by 22% ( P =0.07), mitral regurgitation area by 40% ( P =0.01), and norepinephrine level by 37% ( P =0.04). Conclusions— In patients with severe congestive heart failure, sinus rhythm, and left bundle-branch block despite optimal pharmacological treatment, left univentricular pacing is feasible and results in significant midterm benefit in exercise tolerance and left ventricular function.
Waveform analysis with optical multichannel detectors: Applications for rapid-scan spectroscopic ellipsometry (1991)

A unique rapid-scanning ellipsometer employing a rotating polarizer optical configuration and a multichannel detector for a 1.5–4.5 eV spectral range, has been developed recently for real time studies of film growth and surfaces. This is a new application of the photodiode array-based optical multichannel detector that entails waveform analysis of the incident irradiance at each photon energy. For accurate ellipsometric spectra {ψ(hν),Δ(hν)}, the raw data in the form of photon counts, integrated over four or more equal sectors of polarizer rotation, must be corrected for systematic errors originating from the detection system. Simple procedures are described to characterize and correct for the most significant errors including detection system nonlinearity, image persistence, and scattered stray light in the spectrograph/detector enclosure.
X-Ray Crystal Structure of the Multidomain Endoglucanase Cel9G from <i>Clostridium cellulolyticum</i> Complexed with Natural and Synthetic Cello-Oligosaccharides (2003)

Complete cellulose degradation is the first step in the use of biomass as a source of renewable energy. To this end, the engineering of novel cellulase activity, the activity responsible for the hydrolysis of the beta-1,4-glycosidic bonds in cellulose, is a topic of great interest. The high-resolution X-ray crystal structure of a multidomain endoglucanase from Clostridium cellulolyticum has been determined at a 1.6-A resolution. The endoglucanase, Cel9G, is comprised of a family 9 catalytic domain attached to a family III(c) cellulose-binding domain. The two domains together form a flat platform onto which crystalline cellulose is suggested to bind and be fed into the active-site cleft for endolytic hydrolysis. To further dissect the structural basis of cellulose binding and hydrolysis, the structures of Cel9G in the presence of cellobiose, cellotriose, and a DP-10 thio-oligosaccharide inhibitor were resolved at resolutions of 1.7, 1.8, and 1.9 A, respectively.
Synthesis of chromium Cr(tacn)X3 compounds (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane). Photochemistry and emission properties of the triisothiocyanate (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis of chromium Cr(tacn)X3 compounds (tacn = 1,4,7-triazacyclononane). Photochemistry and emission properties of the triisothiocyanateA. D. Kirk and C. NamasivayamCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1988, 27, 6, 1095–1099Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00279a032https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00279a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views168Altmetric-Citations13LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Structure and Function of Type III Secretion Systems (2016)

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) afford Gram-negative bacteria an intimate means of altering the biology of their eukaryotic hosts--the direct delivery of effector proteins from the bacterial cytoplasm to that of the eukaryote. This incredible biophysical feat is accomplished by nanosyringe "injectisomes," which form a conduit across the three plasma membranes, peptidoglycan layer, and extracellular space that form a barrier to the direct delivery of proteins from bacterium to host. The focus of this chapter is T3SS function at the structural level; we will summarize the core findings that have shaped our understanding of the structure and function of these systems and highlight recent developments in the field. In turn, we describe the T3SS secretory apparatus, consider its engagement with secretion substrates, and discuss the posttranslational regulation of secretory function. Lastly, we close with a discussion of the future prospects for the interrogation of structure-function relationships in the T3SS.
On reducing broadcast redundancy in ad hoc wireless networks (2002)

Unlike in a wired network, a packet transmitted by a node in an ad hoc wireless network can reach all neighbors. Therefore, the total number of transmissions (forward nodes) is generally used as the cost criterion for broadcasting. The problem of finding the minimum number of forward nodes is NP-complete. Among various approximation approaches, dominant pruning (Lim and Kim 2001) utilizes 2-hop neighborhood information to reduce redundant transmissions. In this paper, we analyze some deficiencies of the dominant pruning algorithm and propose two better approximation algorithms: total dominant pruning and partial dominant pruning. Both algorithms utilize 2-hop neighborhood information more effectively to reduce redundant transmissions. Simulation results of applying these two algorithms show performance improvements compared with the original dominant pruning. In addition, two termination criteria are discussed and compared through simulation under both the static and dynamic environments.
Dielectrophoretic tweezers as a platform for molecular force spectroscopy in a highly parallel format (2011)

We demonstrated the application of a simple electrode geometry for dielectrophoresis (DEP) on colloidal probes as a form of molecular force spectroscopy in a highly parallel format. The electric field between parallel plates is perturbed with dielectric microstructures, generating uniform DEP forces on colloidal probes in the range of several hundred piconewtons across a macroscopic sample area. We determined the approximate crossover frequency between negative and positive DEP using electrodes without dielectric microstructures—a simplification over standard experimental methods involving quadrupoles or optical trapping. 2D and 3D simulations of the electric field distributions validated the experimental behavior of several of our DEP tweezers geometries and provided insight into potential improvements. We applied the DEP tweezers to the stretching of a short DNA oligomer and detected its extension using total-internal reflection fluorescence microscopy. The combination of a simple cell fabrication, a uniform distribution of high axial forces, and a facile optical detection of our DEP tweezers makes this form of molecular force spectroscopy ideal for highly parallel detection of stretching or unbinding kinetics of biomolecules.
Functional Circuitry on Commercial Fabric via Textile-Compatible Nanoscale Film Coating Process for Fibertronics (2017)

Fabric-based electronic textiles (e-textiles) are the fundamental components of wearable electronic systems, which can provide convenient hand-free access to computer and electronics applications. However, e-textile technologies presently face significant technical challenges. These challenges include difficulties of fabrication due to the delicate nature of the materials, and limited operating time, a consequence of the conventional normally on computing architecture, with volatile power-hungry electronic components, and modest battery storage. Here, we report a novel poly(ethylene glycol dimethacrylate) (pEGDMA)-textile memristive nonvolatile logic-in-memory circuit, enabling normally off computing, that can overcome those challenges. To form the metal electrode and resistive switching layer, strands of cotton yarn were coated with aluminum (Al) using a solution dip coating method, and the pEGDMA was conformally applied using an initiated chemical vapor deposition process. The intersection of two Al/pEGDMA coated yarns becomes a unit memristor in the lattice structure. The pEGDMA-Textile Memristor (ETM), a form of crossbar array, was interwoven using a grid of Al/pEGDMA coated yarns and untreated yarns. The former were employed in the active memristor and the latter suppressed cell-to-cell disturbance. We experimentally demonstrated for the first time that the basic Boolean functions, including a half adder as well as NOT, NOR, OR, AND, and NAND logic gates, are successfully implemented with the ETM crossbar array on a fabric substrate. This research may represent a breakthrough development for practical wearable and smart fibertronics.
DISEASES OF THE OPTIC NERVE, TRACTS AND VISUAL CORTEX (1971)

The refractive state of each member of a pair of fraternal (binovular) twins was determined annually between the ages of 9 and 15. Both became approximately 6.00 D myopic; the girl became 0.50 D more myopic and ceased to increase in myopia about two years earlier.