gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Analysis of Antibody Responses to Protective Antigen-Based Anthrax Vaccines through Use of Competitive Assays (2010)

The licensed anthrax vaccine and many of the new anthrax vaccines being developed are based on protective antigen (PA), a nontoxic component of anthrax toxin. For this reason, an understanding of the immune response to PA vaccination is important. In this study, we examined the antibody response elicited by PA-based vaccines and identified the domains of PA that contribute to that response in humans as well as nonhuman primates (NHPs) and rabbits, animal species that will be used to generate efficacy data to support approval of new anthrax vaccines. To this end, we developed a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), using purified recombinant forms of intact PA and its individual domains. We found that PA-based vaccines elicited IgG antibodies to each of the four PA domains in all three species. We also developed a competitive toxin neutralization assay, which showed that rabbits, NHPs, and humans all have functional antibody populations that bind to domains 1, 3, and 4. While the domain specificities of the antibody responses elicited by PA-based vaccines were similar in humans, NHPs, and rabbits, competitive assays suggested that humans may have a more significant secondary population of IgG antibodies that bind to partially unfolded or incorrectly folded PA. These findings provide information that will be useful when linking animal protection data to humans via an antibody bridge to establish efficacy of new anthrax vaccines.
EIP: The Extended Internet Protocol (1992)

This memo provides information for the Internet community. It does not specify an Internet standard. Distribution of this memo is unlimited.
Technology Independent Information Model for Network Slicing (2018)

This document provides a technology independent information model for
transport network slicing.
Dexamethasone reverses monocrotaline-induced pulmonary arterial hypertension in rats (2010)

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is associated with dysregulated bone morphogenetic protein receptor (BMPR)-II signaling and pulmonary vascular inflammation. We evaluated the effects of dexamethasone on monocrotaline (MCT)-induced PAH in rats for potential reversal of PAH at late time-points. Saline-treated control, MCT-exposed, MCT-exposed and dexamethasone-treated rats (5 mg·kg⁻¹·day⁻¹, 1.25 mg·kg⁻¹ and 2.5 mg·kg⁻¹·48 h⁻¹) were evaluated at day 28 and day 35 following MCT for haemodynamic parameters, right ventricular hypertrophy, morphometry, immunohistochemistry, and IL6 and BMPR2 expression. Dexamethasone improved haemodynamics and pulmonary vascular remodelling, preventing PAH development at early (day 1-14 and 1-28) and reversing PAH at late (day 14-28 and 21-35) time-points following MCT, as well as improving survival in MCT-exposed rats compared with controls. Both MCT-induced pulmonary IL6 overexpression and interleukin (IL)-6-expressing adventitial inflammatory cell infiltration were reduced with dexamethasone. This was associated with pulmonary BMPR2 downregulation following MCT, which was increased with dexamethasone, in whole lung and control pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells. Dexamethasone also reduced proliferation of rat pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells in vitro. Experimental PAH can be prevented and reversed by dexamethasone, and survival is improved. In this model, mechanisms may involve reduction of IL-6-expressing inflammatory cells, restoration of pulmonary BMPR2 expression and reduced proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells.
Compact large-stroke piston tip-tilt actuator and mirror (2007)

Devices based on SOI technology are subject to bow due to residual stress induced by the buried oxide. We have designed and fabricated a compact tunable piston tip-tilt mirror device in which the shape and the arrangement of the suspension beams result in both a reduced stress in the suspension beams and an optically flat mirror. The piston tip-tilt mirror is characterized by an accurate vertical displacement of up to 18 &mgr;m @ 80 V with good repeatability, and a tip-tilt of up to 2 mrad @ 50 V.
An Adaptive Schedule Medium Access Control for Wireless Sensor Networks (2007)

Many media access control (MAC) protocols for wireless sensor networks (WSNs) such as sensor MAC (S-MAC) and carrier sense multiple access with minimum preamble sampling (CSMA-MPS) exploit listen/sleep cycles to conserve energy. The cycles of nodes influence the network performances such as energy efficiency, packet latency and throughput in WSNs. In this paper, an adaptive schedule medium access control (AS-MAC) for WSNs is presented. AS-MAC introduces the adaptation of the cycles in MAC layer to the data traffic. The effect of the protocol is that it can decrease the latency, improve the throughput and energy efficiency when traffic is dynamic. We also compare AS-MAC with S-MAC and CSMA-MPS through simulations and the results show it has better performances than the former protocols.
A Versatile 60 kV Switching System for Pulsed Excitation of Lasers (1972)

A fast switching high voltage system capable of handling 60 kV is described. The system utilizes a sealed-off pressurized hydrogen spark gap as a switching device. A versatile silicone rubber coupling module makes different high voltage components easily interchangeable without the need of draining off any insulation liquid. The system was used to build a laser, which emits radiation pulses of a few nanoseconds duration at a wavelength ranging from 337 nm in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum to 9.0 μ in the infrared. The uv pulses contain enough energy to permit pumping of a tunable rhodamine 6 G dye laser.
Bilateral sporadic carotid body tumors—A rare case report (2018)

Carotid body tumor presents as palpable mass in anterolateral aspect of the neck. However, bilateral sporadic carotid body tumor is a rare anomaly, reported to occur in 5% of population. We are going to report the case of a 60-year-old patient who presented to our department with painless, palpable mass bilaterally in anterolateral aspects of the neck. He did not have any family history of neck masses. This paper summarizes the topic of carotid body tumor and discusses the radiological and clinical implications of this condition.
New cyclobutyl analogs of adenosine and guanosine. Part <b>1</b>. Synthesis of the 9‐[3,3‐bis(hydroxymethyl)cyclobutyl]purine nucleoside analogs (1990)

Abstract The synthesis of 1‐amino‐3,3‐bis(benzyloxymethyl)cyclobutane has been performed from 3,3‐bis(benzyloxymethyl)cyclobutanone, via the corresponding oxime which was reduced with lithium aluminum hydride. The amine thus obtained led to two new cyclobutyl analogs of adenosine and guanosine which were devoid of antiviral activity against HSV‐1, HCMV and HIV in cell culture.
Formation and Stabilization in Water of Metal Nanoparticles by a Hyperbranched Polymer Chemically Analogous to PAMAM Dendrimers (2004)

A synthesized hyperbranched polymer, which is chemically analogous to PAMAM dendrimers, was used to prepare water “soluble” gold nanoparticles. The open structure of the hyperbranched polymer compared to the dendrimer architecture facilitates the interactions of metal ions (e.g., AuCl4-) with the internal chemical functions, increasing therefore the maximum load of ions per polymer. Nevertheless, it maintained control on the gold nanoparticles formed after reduction by sodium borohydride. Quite monodisperse nanoparticles of ca. 4 nm were indeed obtained and stabilized in solution by the hyperbranched polymer. Such a “cheap” and “easy to obtain” polymer may presumably be used as a substitute for expensive PAMAM dendrimers in a large variety of experiments.
An extended OBDD representation for extended FSMs (2002)

This paper presents a subset of the predicate calculus, called the case calculus, which is suitable for describing Extended Finite State Machines (EFSMs). EFSMs can be used as abstract models of combined datapath and control systems. Case expressions can be represented using Extended Ordered Binary Decision Diagrams (EOBDDs) that are compact, allow an efficient implementation of logical operations on expressions, and have a unique form for many semantically equivalent expressions. Operations for formal verification and synthesis based on EFSM models, such as the "pre" and "post"" operations on sets of states, can be efficiently implemented. We illustrate the usefulness of EOBDDs in design verification and microcode synthesis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved fibrosis staging by elastometry and blood test in chronic hepatitis C (2013)

The new test combination increased: accuracy, globally and especially in patients without fibrosis, staging precision, cirrhosis prediction, and even reliability, thus offering improved fibrosis staging.
Radioisotopes - Applications in Bio-Medical Science (2011)

The book Radioisotopes - Applications in Bio-Medical Science contains two sections: Radioisotopes and Radiations in Bioscience and Radioisotopes and Radiology in Medical Science. Section I includes chapters on medical radioisotope production, radio-labeled nano-particles, radioisotopes and nano-medicine, use of radiations in insects, drug research, medical radioisotopes and use of radioisotopes in interdisciplinary fields etc. In Section II, chapters related to production of metal PET (positron emission tomography) radioisotopes, 3-dimensional and CT (computed tomography) scan, SS nuclear medicine in imaging, cancer diagnose and treatments have been included. The subject matter will by highly useful to the medical and paramedical staff in hospitals, as well as researchers and scholars in the field of nuclear medicine medical physics and nuclear bio-chemistry etc.
Method to determine silicones on human hair by atomic absorption spectroscopy (1988)

Developpement de la methode et liberation des siloxanes a partir du cheveu. Extraction par solvant organique des siloxanes suivie par une mesure par spectroscopie d'absorption atomique pour determiner la masse totale de silicone deposee sur le cheveu
Secretion of<i>Aspergillus oryzae</i>Alkaline Protease in an Osmophilic Yeast,<i>Zygosaccharomyces rouxii</i> (1990)

To produce Aspergillus oryzae alkaline protease (Alp) in an osmophilic yeast Zygosaccharomyces rouxii, we constructed an expression plasmid consisting of the Z. rouxii glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) promoter, the prepro-Alp cDNA of A. oryzae, the whole sequence of Z. rouxii plasmid pSR1, and the G418 resistant gene. The resulting plasmid, when introduced into Z. rouxii cells, directed the secretion of a large amount (about 300 mg/l) of Alp into the culture medium. The N-terminus and specific activity of the enzyme were identical to those of A. oryzae Alp.
A role for brassinosteroids in the regulation of photosynthesis in Cucumis sativus (2004)

The effects of 24-epibrassinolide (EBR) spray application on gas-exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics, Rubisco activity, and carbohydrate metabolism were investigated in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Jinchun No. 3) plants grown in a greenhouse. EBR significantly increased the light-saturated net CO(2) assimilation rate (A(sat)) from 3 h to 7d after spraying, with 0.1 mg l(-1) EBR proving most effective. Increased A(sat) in EBR-treated leaves was accompanied by increases in the maximum carboxylation rate of Rubisco (V(c,max)) and in the maximum rate of RuBP regeneration (J(max)). EBR-treated leaves also had a higher quantum yield of PSII electron transport (phi(PSII)) than the controls, which was mainly due to a significant increase in the photochemical quenching (q(P)), with no change in the efficiency of energy capture by open PSII reaction centres (F'(v)/F'(m)). EBR did not influence photorespiration. In addition, significant increases in the initial activity of Rubisco and in the sucrose, soluble sugars, and starch contents were observed followed by substantial increases in sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS), sucrose synthase (SS), and acid invertase (AI) activities after EBR treatment. It was concluded that EBR increases the capacity of CO(2) assimilation in the Calvin cycle, which was mainly attributed to an increase in the initial activity of Rubisco.
Accurate Global Trajectory Alignment using Poles and Road Markings (2019)

Currently, digital maps are indispensable for automated driving. However, due to the low precision and reliability of GNSS particularly in urban areas, fusing trajectories of independent recording sessions and different regions is a challenging task. To bypass the flaws from direct incorporation of GNSS measurements for geo-referencing, the usage of aerial imagery seems promising. Furthermore, more accurate geo-referencing improves the global map accuracy and allows to estimate the sensor calibration error. In this paper, we present a novel geo-referencing approach to align trajectories to aerial imagery using poles and road markings. To match extracted features from sensor observations to aerial imagery landmarks robustly, a RANSAC-based matching approach is applied in a sliding window. For that, we assume that the trajectories are roughly referenced to the imagery which can be achieved by rough GNSS measurements from a low-cost GNSS receiver. Finally, we align the initial trajectories precisely to the aerial imagery by minimizing a geometric cost function comprising all determined matches. Evaluations performed on data recorded in Karlsruhe, Germany show that our algorithm yields trajectories which are accurately referenced to the used aerial imagery.
diretto: A Toolkit for Distributed Reporting and Collaboration (2011)

The goal of the diretto project is the creation of an extensible infrastructure and easy-to-use toolset for distributed on-site media reporting and collaborative event coverage in real-time. It empowers collocated users to participate dynamically in event reporting, and facilitates collaboration with remote users. For example, to cover public events or support disaster relief missions with on-site information. The diretto platform focuses on scalability to support large crowd participation. Our platform currently supports smartphone clients, a reporting solution for SLR cameras, and a rich web application for remote collaborators. diretto is easily extensible and can be tailored to mission-specific requirements.
Distribution of calcitonin gene‐related peptide immunoreactivity in relation to the rat central somatosensory projection (1988)

The distribution of the neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) was studied in relation to the known subcortical somatosensory pathways and contiguous systems in the central nervous system (CNS) of rats by using peroxidase histochemical methods in order to relate zones of immunoreactivity (IR) to cytoarchitecture. CGRP is the most ubiquitous peptide found to date in sensory ganglion cells: principally small and medium-size neurons emitting thin axons inferred to be largely nociceptive in function on the basis of the peripheral distribution of their terminals. Its apparent absence in sympathetic axons provides an especially useful sensory marker. The distribution of CGRP-IR axons displays remarkable selectivity at each level of the CNS. The trigeminal root distributes axons primarily to the pericornual layers (laminae I and II) of spinal V nucleus caudalis and to subnucleus oralis, evading the subnucleus interpolaris and contributing only few axons to principal V. Although there are only a few CGRP-IR somata at each level, heavily labeled axon trajectories can be traced to the nuclei of the solitary tract, the parabrachial nuclei, several sectors of the caudal medial thalamus, and the central nucleus of the amygdala. A sector of labeled neuron somata lies contiguous to each of these axon terminal zones, the largest of which is a thalamic nucleus containing cells of distinctive dendritic architecture extending from the periaqueductal gray across the posterior group nuclei to the peripeduncular nucleus, forming a linear array at the mesodiencephalic junction. The relation of CGRP-IR axonal distribution to spinothalamic, visceral, and gustatory systems is discussed in the context of a specialized "chemosensory" component of the thin-fiber somatosensory system.
Polysaccharide Conjugates as Bionanomaterials (2004)

ヒアルロン酸 (HA) は肝臓類洞内皮細胞 (LSECs) に特異的に取り込まれることが知られている. そこで, ポリカチオンであるポリリジン (PLL) の側鎖にHAを導入したグラフト共重合体 (PLL-g-HA) を合成し, LSECs特異的遺伝子キャリヤーとして評価した. PLL-g-HAとDNAとの複合体形成能を評価したところ, PLL部位のカチオンとDNAのアニオンとでほぼ1: 1で複合体を形成した. 32P標識したプラスミドDNAとの複合体をラット尾静脈より投与し, その体内動態を評価した結果, 90%の放射線活性が肝臓で得られた. 肝臓内分布を調べるためFITCラベルしたオリゴDNAとの複合体を同様にラット尾静脈より投与し, 肝臓の切片を作製し観察した. PLL-g-HA/DNA複合体として投与した時, 主に肝臓類洞内皮に沿って蛍光ラベルDNAが観察された.
Studies on pyrazine. <b>23</b>. Homolytic acylation of 2‐amino‐3‐cyanopyrazine and the related compounds with α‐keto acids: A synthesis of 5‐acyl‐3‐aminopyrazinecarboxylic acid derivatives (1992)

Abstract Homolytic acylation of 2‐amino‐3‐cyanopyrazine (1) with α‐keto acids led to the formation of 6‐acylated compounds in 74‐85% yields. Methyl 3‐aminopyrazinecarboxylate (2) and 3‐aminopyrazinecarboxamide (3) were also acylated under the same conditions although in lower yields. The observed reactivity of acylation is explained by comparison with the homolytic reactions of related pyrazines.
An Improved Method Fòr Extraction, Partial Purification, Separation and Isolation of Chlorophyll from Spinach Leaves (1979)

Abstract Powdered sugar column chromatographic separation and isolation of chlorophyll were studied. A wet column was employed using a Pharmacia R25 chromatographic tube connected, through a UV monitor, to a fraction collector. Chlorophyll extracted from spinach leaves with acetone was selectively precipitated with dioxane and water, and then was washed with 80% (v/v) aqueous methanol. Use of the further purified chlorophyll as a starting material for chromatographic separation and isolation of chlorophyll, made column chromatographic procedures become extremely effective and easier. Thin-layer chromatographic and high-performance liquid chromatographic tests revealed that chlorophyll preparations in this study did not contain any other photosynthetic pigments and their degradation products.
Low-background /sup 3/He proportional counters for use in the Sudbury neutrino observatory (1999)

Current solar neutrino detectors measure a considerably lower flux of electron-flavor neutrinos than predicted by solar models. This could be an indication of neutrino oscillations, which would provide direct evidence that neutrinos have mass. The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory (SNO) was designed to detect all flavors of neutrinos, and will provide a rigorous test of this theory. The SNO detector's heavy water target gives it the unique ability to detect all non-sterile neutrino flavors via the neutral-current (NC) break-up of the deuteron. This NC interaction liberates a neutron which may be detected with an array of discrete /sup 3/He proportional counters. The strict radioactivity requirements imposed by the need for low backgrounds dictate the use of ultra-pure materials and processes in building these counters. Additionally, they must survive in the heavy water environment for several years. The design, construction, and testing of these unique counters are described.
A Highly Linear Broadband CMOS LNA Employing Noise and Distortion Cancellation (2008)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A broadband inductorless low-noise amplifier (LNA) design that utilizes simultaneous noise and distortion cancellation is presented. Concurrent cancellation of the intrinsic third-order distortion from individual stages is exhibited with the common-gate and common-source cascade. The LNA <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>${\hbox{IIP}}_3$</tex></formula> is then limited by the second-order interaction between the common source and common gate stages, which is common in all cascade amplifiers. Further removal of this third-order distortion is achieved by incorporating a second-order-distortion-free circuit technique in the common gate stage. Implemented in 0.13 <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>$\mu$</tex></formula>m CMOS technology, this LNA achieved <formula formulatype="inline"> <tex>${+}$</tex></formula>16 dBm <formula formulatype="inline"><tex>${\hbox{IIP}}_3$</tex> </formula> in both the 900 MHz and 2 GHz bands. Measurements demonstrate that the LNA has a minimum internal gain of 14.5 dB, noise figure of 2.6 dB from 800 MHz to 2.1 GHz while drawing 11.6 mA from 1.5 V supply voltage. </para>
A large dynamic range charge measurement ASIC family for beam monitoring in radiotherapy applications (2008)

A family of Application Specific Integrated Circuits ( ASICs ) called TERA have been developed for the readout of pixel and strip gas detectors used in radiotherapy applications. The TERA ASICs are based on the charge balancing integration technique in order to obtain a good linearity over a dynamic range of five order of magnitude.
The Schistosome Oligosaccharide Lacto- <i>N</i> -neotetraose Expands Gr1+ Cells That Secrete Anti-inflammatory Cytokines and Inhibit Proliferation of Naive CD4+ Cells: A Potential Mechanism for Immune Polarization in Helminth Infections (2001)

Immunomodulatory oligosaccharides found on helminths also are found in human milk, and both helminths and milk have been shown to be immunosuppressive. We have been examining the immunomodulatory capabilities of two oligosaccharides expressed in milk and on helminth parasites, lacto-N-fucopentaose III and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT). In an attempt to dissect mechanisms that lead to Th2 polarization and immune suppression, we examined the early response in mice to the glycoconjugate LNnT-Dextran (LNnT-Dex). We found that injection of LNnT-Dex expanded a cell population, phenotypically defined as Gr1(+)/CD11b(+)/F4/80(+), as early as 2 h after injection. Examination of spontaneous cytokine production showed that this Gr1(+)/F4/80(+) population of cells spontaneously produced low levels of proinflammatory cytokines, but higher levels of IL-10 and TGF-beta ex vivo, compared to peritoneal cells from mice injected with Dex. Gr1(+) cells adoptively suppressed naive CD4(+) T cell proliferation in vitro in response to anti-CD3/CD28 Ab stimulation. Suppression of naive CD4(+) cells involved cell contact and was dependent on IFN-gamma and NO, with a discrete role played by IL-10. Coculture of naive CD4(+)T cells with Gr1(+) suppressor cells did not lead to CD4(+) T cell apoptosis, although it did imprint on naive CD4(+) T cells a response characterized by lower levels of IFN-gamma, coincident with increased IL-13 production. Our results suggest that both human milk and helminth parasites may share a ligand-specific mechanism involved in the generation of anti-inflammatory mediators that suppress Th1-type and inflammatory responses.
Efficient and Anisotropic Fog Harvesting on a Hybrid and Directional Surface (2016)

A straight throughout superhydrophilic track that contains high contrast and directional wettability on a superhydrophobic surface is designed. Despite droplets that tend to slide more easily along a direction parallel to the track, it is found that such hybrid strip-pattern surfaces have higher fog harvesting efficiency along a direction perpendicular to the tracks due to the larger accumulation area for droplet removal. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.