gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid and specific diagnosis of HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections (1990)

To identify cost-effective testing strategies for HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections, we evaluated different combinations of tests on serum specimens from 1134 consecutive patients attending tuberculosis treatment centers in Abidjan, Côte d'lvoire. Virus-specific whole-virus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (WVE), Western blot (WB) and synthetic peptide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SPE) were used in sequential fashion to determine the true prevalence of infection; 27% were reactive to HIV-1, 5% to HIV-2, and 10% to both viruses. Of 239 specimens positive on WB for both HIV-1 and HIV-2, SPE diagnosed 38% as HIV-1-reactive and 16% as HIV-2-reactive, while 46% remained reactive to both viruses. Using WVE or one of two rapid (5-10 min) mixed (HIV-1 and HIV-2) antigen tests (RMATs) as a screening test, followed by SPE as a supplemental test, gave results with sensitivity of 97.3-99.2%, specificity of 99.5-99.7%, and positive predictive value for diagnosing HIV infection of 99.4-99.6%, with important savings in time and reagent costs. SPE allows more specific distinction between HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections than WB, and could replace it as a supplemental test in many settings. WB may be required for specimens reactive on screening tests but negative on SPE, until sensitivity of the SPE is further evaluated. A mixed antigen screening test followed by SPE seems to be an efficient testing strategy for diagnosing HIV-1 and HIV-2 infections.
A simulation framework for auditory discrimination experiments: Revealing the importance of across-frequency processing in speech perception (2016)

A framework for simulating auditory discrimination experiments, based on an approach from Schädler, Warzybok, Hochmuth, and Kollmeier [(2015). Int. J. Audiol. 54, 100-107] which was originally designed to predict speech recognition thresholds, is extended to also predict psychoacoustic thresholds. The proposed framework is used to assess the suitability of different auditory-inspired feature sets for a range of auditory discrimination experiments that included psychoacoustic as well as speech recognition experiments in noise. The considered experiments were 2 kHz tone-in-broadband-noise simultaneous masking depending on the tone length, spectral masking with simultaneously presented tone signals and narrow-band noise maskers, and German Matrix sentence test reception threshold in stationary and modulated noise. The employed feature sets included spectro-temporal Gabor filter bank features, Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients, logarithmically scaled Mel-spectrograms, and the internal representation of the Perception Model from Dau, Kollmeier, and Kohlrausch [(1997). J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 102(5), 2892-2905]. The proposed framework was successfully employed to simulate all experiments with a common parameter set and obtain objective thresholds with less assumptions compared to traditional modeling approaches. Depending on the feature set, the simulated reference-free thresholds were found to agree with-and hence to predict-empirical data from the literature. Across-frequency processing was found to be crucial to accurately model the lower speech reception threshold in modulated noise conditions than in stationary noise conditions.
Differential roles played by the native cysteine residues of the yeast glutathione transporter, Hgt1p (2009)

Hgt1p, a high-affinity glutathione transporter from the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, belongs to the structurally uncharacterized oligopeptide transporter (OPT) family. To initiate structural studies on Hgt1p, a cysteine-free (cys-free) Hgt1p was generated. This cys-free Hgt1p was nonfunctional and pointed to a critical role being played by the native cysteine residues of Hgt1p. To investigate their role, genetic and biochemical approaches were undertaken. Functional suppressors of the cys-free Hgt1p were isolated, and yielded double revertants bearing C622 and C632. Subsequent biochemical characterization of the individual C622S/A or C632S/A mutations revealed that both these cysteine residues were, in fact, individually indispensable for Hgt1p function and were required for trafficking to the plasma membrane. However, despite their essentiality, the presence of only these two native cysteines in Hgt1p generated a very weak glutathione transporter with minimal functional activity. Hence, the remaining 10 cysteines were also contributing towards Hgt1p activity, although they were not found to be singly responsible or crucial for Hgt1p functional activity. These residues, however, contributed cumulatively towards the stability and the functionality of Hgt1p, without affecting the trafficking to the cell surface. The study reveals differential roles for the cysteines of Hgt1p and provides first insights into the structural features of an OPT family member.
Spread-time code division multiple access (2002)

An alternative code division multiple access (CDMA) scheme to spread spectrum (SS), called spread-time (ST), is proposed for bandlimited multiple access channels. ST-CDMA can be considered the time-frequency dual of SS-CDMA. Implementations are described in which surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices are used to perform the matched filtering or Fourier transformation. A first-order comparison of signal-to-interference ratio and spectral efficiency is given for ST- and conventional asynchronous SS-CDMA, assuming an ideal bandlimited channel.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The proline‐rich tetramerization peptides in equine serum butyrylcholinesterase (2012)

Soluble, tetrameric, plasma butyrylcholinesterase from horse has previously been shown to include a non-covalently attached polyproline peptide in its structure. The polyproline peptide matched the polyproline-rich region of human lamellipodin. Our goal was to examine the tetramer-organizing peptides of horse butyrylcholinesterase in more detail. Horse butyrylcholinesterase was denatured by boiling, thus releasing a set of polyproline peptides ranging in mass from 1173 to 2098 Da. The peptide sequences were determined by fragmentation in MALDI-TOF-TOF and linear ion trap quadrupole Orbitrap mass spectrometers. Twenty-seven polyproline peptides grouped into 13 families were identified. Peptides contained a minimum of 11 consecutive proline residues and as many as 21. Many of the peptides had a non-proline amino acid at the N-terminus. A search of the protein databanks matched peptides to nine proteins, although not all peptides matched a known protein. It is concluded that polyproline peptides of various lengths and sequences are included in the tetramer structure of horse butyrylcholinesterase. The function of these polyproline peptides is to serve as tetramer-organizing peptides.
Effects of ZnO buffer layer on the luminous properties of thin-film phosphors deposited on ZnO/ITO/glass substrates (2001)

ZnGa 2 O 4 :Mn and CaTiO3:Pr thin-film phosphors which emit green and red light, respectively, were deposited on ZnO/ITO/glass and ITO/glass substrates by a rf reactive magnetron-sputtering method. To improve photo- and cathodoluminescent properties of the thin-film phosphors, ZnO buffer layers were deposited between the thin-film phosphor and the ITO-coated glass substrate. A transparent c-axis preferentially oriented ZnO thin-film buffer layer could be obtained on the ITO film, while ITO had an amorphous-like structure. ZnGa2O4:Mn and CaTiO3:Pr thin-film phosphors were used to evaluate the effects of the ZnO buffer layer. The crystal structures of thin-film phosphors deposited on ZnO/ITO/glass substrates were developed better than those on ITO/glass, consequently, the former showed photo- and cathodoluminescent intensity at least twice as high as the latter.
The release of energy during annealing of deformed metals (1955)

Abstract The method described previously for measuring the energy stored in cold-worked metals has now been applied to nickel and arsenical copper as well as to pure copper. Torsion, tension and compression have been used as methods of deformation, and the heating rates were 2, 4 and 6° C/min. For all these materials, for all types of deformation and for all heating rates a sudden release of energy corresponding to recrystallization is observed and this comprises the total stored energy for pure copper. Thus, for pure copper, there is no indication of the two stages in the release of the stored energy reported by Suzuki. However, for nickel and arsenical copper a considerable proportion of the stored energy is released prior to recrystallization. Measurements of electrical resistivity, hardness and macroscopic density have been made on similar specimens, and correlation of these results with the measurements of stored energy suggests that the release of energy prior to recrystallization, in nickel and arsenical copper, should be ascribed to the rearrangement and annihilation of dislocations and also, in nickel, to the disappearance of vacancies produced during deformation. Values are given for the energy stored in specimens deformed to various extents in torsion, tension and compression at room temperature, and it is shown that the energy released on recrystallization is a linear function of the strain . Estimates of the density of dislocations corresponding to this energy are made for various strains. The disappearance of vacancies in nickel releases an amount of energy which is almost independent of the strain, for the comparatively large strains investigated and the density measurements indicate that this energy corresponds to 1·6 eV per vacancy.
Skeletal Complications (2017)

Overview Metabolic bone disease is highly prevalent among cancer patients, owing to the systemic effects of malignancy, the humoral response, and to commonly prescribed cancer therapies. Surgical approaches to acute fracture can drastically impact quality of life. The use of bone antiresorptive agents can prevent fractures in this population and can reduce bone pain in patients with skeletal metastases.
Cavity-Based 3D Cooling of a Levitated Nanoparticle via Coherent Scattering (2019)

We experimentally realize cavity cooling of all three translational degrees of motion of a levitated nanoparticle in vacuum. The particle is trapped by a cavity-independent optical tweezer and coherently scatters tweezer light into the blue detuned cavity mode. For vacuum pressures around 10^{-5} mbar, minimal temperatures along the cavity axis in the millikelvin regime are observed. Simultaneously, the center-of-mass (c.m.) motion along the other two spatial directions is cooled to minimal temperatures of a few hundred millikelvin. Measuring temperatures and damping rates as the pressure is varied, we find that the cooling efficiencies depend on the particle position within the intracavity standing wave. This data and the behavior of the c.m. temperatures as functions of cavity detuning and tweezer power are consistent with a theoretical analysis of the experiment. Experimental limits and opportunities of our approach are outlined.
A framework for scalable global IP-anycast (GIA) (2001)

This paper proposes GIA, a scalable architecture for global IP-anycast. Existing designs for providing IP-anycast must either globally distribute routes to individual anycast groups, or confine each anycast group to a pre-configured topological region. The first approach does not scale because of expressive growth in the routing tables, whereas the second one severly limits the utility of the service. Our design scales by dividing inter-domain anycast routing into two components. The first component builds inexpensive default anycast routes that consume no bandwidth or storage space. The second component, controlled by the edge domains, generates enhanced anycast routes that are customized according to the beneficiary domain's interests. We evaluate the performance of our design using simulation, and prove its practicality by implementing it in the Multi-threaded Routing Toolkit.
CIITA transformation rescues the apoptotic function of MHC class II in melanoma cells. (2006)

Lack of MHC class II transcription, rather than defects in MHC class II protein function or defects in the other components of the MHC class II-stimulated apoptotic pathway, prevents MHC class II-mediated apoptosis in melanoma cells.
Myocardial Infarction is Inversely Associated with Plasma 25-Hydroxyvitamin D3 Levels: A Community-Based Study (1990)

The relation between the plasma level of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3, the main metabolite of sun-induced vitamin D, and myocardial infarction (MI) was investigated in a community-based case-control study. Some 179 MI patients presenting to hospital within 12 hours of the onset of symptoms were individually matched with controls by age, sex and date of blood collection. MI patients had significantly lower mean 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels than controls (32.0 versus 35.5 nmol/L; p = 0.017), with the case-control differences being greatest in winter and spring. The relative risk of MI for subjects with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 levels equal to or above the median was 0.43 (95% confidence limits = 0.27, 0.69) compared to subjects below the median. The decrease in MI risk associated with raised vitamin D3 levels was observed in all seasons. These results provide support for the hypothesis that increased exposure to sunlight is protective against coronary heart disease.
Agonist Regulation of Human β2-Adrenergic Receptor mRNA Stability Occurs via a Specific AU-rich Element (1998)

Prolonged agonist stimulation of beta2-adrenergic receptors results in receptor down-regulation, which is closely associated with a reduction of the corresponding mRNA, an effect mediated in part by changes in mRNA stability. Transfection experiments with human beta2-adrenergic receptor cDNAs bearing or lacking the untranslated regions suggested that the essential agonist sensitivity of the mRNA resides within the 3'-untranslated region. The importance of this region was further confirmed in gel shift experiments; cytosolic preparations from agonist-stimulated DDT1-MF2 smooth muscle cells caused a shift of beta2-adrenergic receptor mRNAs containing the 3'-untranslated region. Progressive 3'-terminal truncations of the receptor cDNA led to the identification of an AU-rich element at positions 329-337 of the 3'-untranslated region as the responsible cis-acting element. Substitution of this motif by cytosine residues almost completely abolished mRNA down-regulation and inhibited the formation of the RNA-protein complex. Even though the beta2-adrenergic receptor AU-rich element showed two U --> A transitions compared with the recently proposed AU-rich element consensus sequence, it revealed an almost identical destabilizing potency. Fusion of the beta2-adrenergic receptor 3'-untranslated region to the beta-globin coding sequence dramatically reduced the half-life of the chimeric transcript in an agonist- and cAMP-dependent manner. This suggests that the agonist-induced beta2-adrenergic receptor mRNA destabilization is regulated by cAMP-dependent RNA-binding protein(s) via a specific AU-rich element.
NORE1A is a Ras senescence effector that controls the apoptotic/senescent balance of p53 via HIPK2 (2015)

The Ras oncoprotein is a key driver of cancer. However, Ras also provokes senescence, which serves as a major barrier to Ras-driven transformation. Ras senescence pathways remain poorly characterized. NORE1A is a novel Ras effector that serves as a tumor suppressor. It is frequently inactivated in tumors. We show that NORE1A is a powerful Ras senescence effector and that down-regulation of NORE1A suppresses senescence induction by Ras and enhances Ras transformation. We show that Ras induces the formation of a complex between NORE1A and the kinase HIPK2, enhancing HIPK2 association with p53. HIPK2 is a tumor suppressor that can induce either proapoptotic or prosenescent posttranslational modifications of p53. NORE1A acts to suppress its proapoptotic phosphorylation of p53 but enhance its prosenescent acetylation of p53. Thus, we identify a major new Ras signaling pathway that links Ras to the control of specific protein acetylation and show how NORE1A allows Ras to qualitatively modify p53 function to promote senescence.
Using persistent objects to implement an environment for coopertive work (1989)

".. the hottest topic in software technology" it said in the call for papers of this event. Another fairly hot area, although in a different branch of the field of computer science is that of Computer Support for Cooperative Work. This paper attempts to give some directions for the development of a concept of persistent objects from the point of view of computer support for cooperative work. Based on a concrete design of an office system and the implementation of this system it is pointed out that several different kinds of persistent objects are needed, and that more research is necessary to clarify the notion of a persistent object.
Secure arrays for digital watermarking (2002)

This paper introduces two-dimensional arrays for watermarking images. Binary, greyscale and colour (3D) arrays are examined. New constructions known as the "distinct sums" arrays are presented.
Overview of antennas for RF energy harvesting (2014)

In this paper, an overview of the antennas for RF energy harvesting is presented. The specifications for these antennas such as low profile, lightweight, compact size, polarization multiband and planar structure characteristics are also discussed. In addition, the recent related work of our group is also included.
Accelerative effects in radiation-induced graft polymerization (1963)

It has been demonstrated that the use of solvent additives can substantially increase the rate of radiation-induced graft polymerization in the systems polyethylene–styrene, polypropylene–styrene, polyvinyl chloride–styrene, nylon–styrene, polyethylenemethyl acrylate, polypropylene–methyl acrylate, nylon–methyl acrylate. Teflonmethyl acrylate, and polyethylene–tert-butylaminoethyl methacrylate. Two different mechanisms have been shown to be responsible for the observed accelerative effects. One is the incursion of a Trommsdorff effect due to the insolubilization of the growing graft polymer chains in the solvent–monomer medium. The other mechanism is the enhancement in the degree of accessibility of monomer to grafting sites within the polymer brought about by the greater ability of the solvent additive to swell certain base polymers.
Postcountershock fibrillation in digitalized myocardial cells in vitro (1980)

Postcountershock arrhythmias are potentiated in patients receiving digitalis; and these arrhythmias frequently lead to irreversible ventricular fibrillation and death. The mechanisms underlying this potentiation are largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to determine whether an accentuation of electric shock induced arrhythmias was produced in in vitro myocardial cells by ouabin, a fast-acting digitalis glycoside. Such an accentuation would suggest that the in vivo potentiation occurred in the individual myocardial cell rather than through some secondary mechanism such as action on the nervous system as had been previously suggested. Myocardial cells grown in vitro were subjected to 5 msec square wave electric field stimulation of varying intensity. Pre- and postshock arrhythmias were evaluated using a photovoltaic cell mounted on a closed-circuit television monitor. The photocell converted the change in light intensity produced by cellular contraction to an electrical signal which was then processed and displayed on a strip chart recorder. Fibrillation of the cell sheet and of portions of individual myocardial cells could be observed visually on the television monitor. “Therapeutic” (antiarrhythmic) concentrations of ouabain were observed in the range of 1 x 10−6M to 5 x 10−6M; “toxic” (arrhythmia producing) concentrations were above, 1 x 10−5M. Electric shocks of intensities which produced a short postshock arrest in nondigitalized cells, produced an increased duration of arrest proportional to the ouabain concentration in the range of 5 x 10−8M to 7 x 10−6M. Cellular fibrillation has been previously observed in in vitro myocardial cells after extremely high shock intensities in the absence of ouabain or after toxic concentrations of ouabain in the absence of electric shock. Similar cellular fibrillation was observed in this study after low intensity electric shocks in cells exposed to low concentrations of ouabain, neither of which produced cellular fibrillation alone. Because this cellular fibrillation in vitro appears to be related to “irreversible” fibrillation in vivo, these results suggest that the deleterious interactions between digitalis and electric countershock occur directly in the myocardial cell and that postshock cellular fibrillation may be the basis for the “unmasking” of digitalis toxicity by electric countershock which has been of clinical concern.
TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM: Three-pole dielectric resonators microwave bandpass active filter (1992)

A lossless microwave (dielectric resonator (DR)) active filter is presented. Equivalent circuits for a dielectric resonator coupled to a microstrip line or to another dielectric resonator are developed from an electromagnetic analysis. With the overall electrical model of the passive and active filters described by a microwave CAD program, simulations and sensitivity analysis can be obtained. In the active filter circuit a feedback active loop (composed of a variable gain amplifier and a phase shifter) is coupled to the central DR of the passive filter to compensate for its losses. Measurements of temperature performance, power handling, third-order intermodulation product and noise level are included.
X-Radiography, an Analytical Tool in Population Studies of the Leafcutter Bee<i>Megachile Pacifica</i> (1976)

SummaryThe contents and condition of cells of Megachile pacifica could be rapidly and accurately determined by X-radiography. Investigations are described and illustrated on loose cells, in white and Kraft paper straws, and cell series in sections of pre-drilled boards. Live and dead larvae, pupae and adults, pollen masses, parasites (Monodontomerus obscurus, Sapyga pumila, Nemognatha lurida), chalkbrood, and an unidentified disease, were determined from radiographs. The method is rapid and inexpensive, and should have a broad application in bee research and in commerce.
Textural analysis and structure-tracking for geological mapping: applications to sonar images from Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge (2002)

The volume of data collected by side-scan sonar during seafloor surveys has become larger and larger as the resolution of these systems has improved. As a result, new image processing techniques need to be developed to partly automate the interpretation of this increasing wealth of data. The first two steps in the geological analysis of a new image usually are the mapping of linear structures, and of morphologic units. These maps are then used in tectonic and geological interpretations. Linear features are detected by adaptive filtering. Their properties (length, direction, sinuosity, ...) are computed and quantified by the new structure tracking algorithm. Mapping of morphologic units is addressed by a textural analysis method, based on grey-level co-occurrence matrices. The authors have applied these techniques to high-resolution sonar images of the Endeavour Segment, Juan de Fuca Ridge. Separation of geologically meaningful regions can be easily attained using the authors' textural analysis method. Some regions fan be distinguished by numerical methods, whereas visual interpretation had to rely on supplementary data (photos, dives).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>