gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Perception of Illness and Health Care Among Bhils: A Study of Udaipur District in Southern Rajasthan (2005)

The study was carried out in two villages namely Madri and Jamun of Jhadol panchayat samiti in Udaipur district of southern Rajasthan. It focuses on perception of illness and health ideology among Bhils. They describe multi- cause for a single illness. They believe that most of the diseases are caused by supernatural powers. Their mode of treatment includes both indigenous and allopathic health care system. Their belief in multi- causational theory regarding occurrence of physical and mental discomfort, past experience, faith and other socio- cultural direct them that as and when, which system should be used.
In vitro and in vivo characterization of avian Escherichia coli. I. Serotypes, metabolic activity, and antibiotic sensitivity. (1986)

Over a 2 1/2-year period (January 1981 to June 1983), 177 Escherichia coli isolates were obtained from 145 field-reared broiler flocks in the Delmarva peninsula, and 20 were obtained from clinically normal day-old hatchery chickens representing an additional 17 flocks in Delmarva. Ninety-one isolates obtained from the field-reared birds between 2 and 8 weeks of age were associated with complicated air-sac disease. Serotyping efforts demonstrated a predominance of O2, O35, and O78 serogroups and a large number of untypable isolates. More than 50% of the isolates in each of the three dominant serogroups were collected from broilers with colibacillosis, but they were never detected in the yolk-sac samples of clinically normal day-old hatchery chickens. In vitro biochemical characterization of the E. coli isolates revealed variable rates of carbohydrate fermentation and amino acid decarboxylation. No common characteristics appeared to be shared by the predominant serogroups isolated from clinically affected birds, although several serogroup-specific reactions were noted. The majority of the isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol, gentamicin, nalidixic acid, ormethoprim-sulfadimethoxine, spectinomycin, neomycin, and ampicillin. About half of the isolates were sensitive to nitrofurantoin and the sulfa compounds. Less than 25% of the isolates were sensitive to streptomycin, erythromycin, tetracyclines, novobiocin, penicillin, bacitracin, and lincomycin.
Wide angle holographic display system with spatiotemporal multiplexing (2012)

This paper presents a wide angle holographic display system with extended viewing angle in both horizontal and vertical directions. The display is constructed from six spatial light modulators (SLM) arranged on a circle and an additional SLM used for spatiotemporal multiplexing and a viewing angle extension in two perpendicular directions. The additional SLM, that is synchronized with the SLMs on the circle is placed in the image space. This method increases effective space bandwidth product of display system data from 12.4 to 50 megapixels. The software solution based on three Nvidia graphic cards is developed and implemented in order to achieve fast and synchronized displaying. The experiments presented for both synthetic and real 3D data prove the possibility to view binocularly having good quality images reconstructed in full FoV of the display.
One-Shot Multiple Borylation toward BN-Doped Nanographenes (2017)

One-shot double, triple, and quadruple borylation reactions of triarylamines were developed through a judicious choice of boron source and Brønsted base. With the aid of borylation reactions, a variety of BN-doped nanographenes were synthesized in two steps from commercially available starting materials. An organic light-emitting diode device employing BN-doped nanographene as an emitter exhibited deep pure-blue emission at 460 nm, with CIE coordinates of (0.13, 0.11), and an external quantum efficiency of 18.3%.
Monitoring Pharmacologically Induced Immunosuppression by Immune Repertoire Sequencing to Detect Acute Allograft Rejection in Heart Transplant Patients: A Proof-of-Concept Diagnostic Accuracy Study (2015)

<div><p>Background</p><p>It remains difficult to predict and to measure the efficacy of pharmacological immunosuppression. We hypothesized that measuring the B-cell repertoire would enable assessment of the overall level of immunosuppression after heart transplantation.</p><p>Methods and Findings</p><p>In this proof-of-concept study, we implemented a molecular-barcode-based immune repertoire sequencing assay that sensitively and accurately measures the isotype and clonal composition of the circulating B cell repertoire. We used this assay to measure the temporal response of the B cell repertoire to immunosuppression after heart transplantation. We selected a subset of 12 participants from a larger prospective cohort study (<a href="http://ClinicalTrials.gov" target="_blank">ClinicalTrials.gov</a> NCT01985412) that is ongoing at Stanford Medical Center and for which enrollment started in March 2010. This subset of 12 participants was selected to represent post-heart-transplant events, with and without acute rejection (six participants with moderate-to-severe rejection and six without). We analyzed 130 samples from these patients, with an average follow-up period of 15 mo. Immune repertoire sequencing enables the measurement of a patient’s net state of immunosuppression (correlation with tacrolimus level, <i>r</i> = −0.867, 95% CI −0.968 to −0.523, <i>p</i> = 0.0014), as well as the diagnosis of acute allograft rejection, which is preceded by increased immune activity with a sensitivity of 71.4% (95% CI 30.3% to 94.9%) and a specificity of 82.0% (95% CI 72.1% to 89.1%) (cell-free donor-derived DNA as noninvasive gold standard). To illustrate the potential of immune repertoire sequencing to monitor atypical post-transplant trajectories, we analyzed two more patients, one with chronic infections and one with amyloidosis. A larger, prospective study will be needed to validate the power of immune repertoire sequencing to predict rejection events, as this proof-of-concept study is limited to a small number of patients who were selected based on several criteria including the availability of a large number of samples and the absence or presence of rejection events.</p><p>Conclusions</p><p>If confirmed in larger, prospective studies, the method described here has potential applications in the tailored management of post-transplant immunosuppression and, more broadly, as a method for assessing the overall activity of the immune system.</p></div>
The Suppression of Enhanced Bitterness Intensity of Macrolide Dry Syrup Mixed with an Acidic Powder (2007)

The aim of the present study was to identify a medicine which strongly enhanced the bitterness of clarithromycin dry syrup (CAMD) when administered concomitantly and to develop a method to suppress this enhanced bitterness. The bitterness enhancement was evaluated not only by gustatory sensation tests but also using pH and taste sensor measurements of the mixed sample. A remarkable bitterness enhancement was found when CAMD was mixed with the acidic powder L-carbocysteine. The acidic pH (pH 3.40) of the suspension made from these two preparations, seemed to be due to enhanced release of clarithromycin caused by the dissolution of the alkaline polymer film-coating. Several methods for preventing this bitterness enhancement were investigated. Neither increasing the volume of water taken with the mixture, nor changing the ratio of CAMD:L-carbocysteine in the mixture, were effective in reducing the bitterness intensity of the CAMD/L-carbocysteine mixture. The best way to achieve taste masking was to first administer CAMD mixed with chocolate jelly, which has a neutral pH, followed by the L-carbocysteine suspension. Similar results were obtained for the bitterness suppression of azithromycin fine granules with L-carbocysteine. The chocolate jelly will be useful for taste masking of bitter macrolide drug formulations, when they need to be administered together with acidic drug formulations.
G Protein-Coupled Receptor Structural Motifs: Relevance to the Opioid Receptors (2005)

As a whole, the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily displays no overall sequence homology. Nevertheless, enough short sequences and even individual amino acid residues are shared by these receptors to afford a common three-dimensional structure and a similar signal transduction mechanism. Some of these sequence commonalities, or structural motifs, are dedicated to preserving receptor infrastructure, while others are critical to agonist-mediated signaling. Certain structural motifs common to GPCRs and other signal transducing integral membrane proteins are present in the conventional opioid receptors, although several of the motifs are not well characterized in this receptor family. Here we focus on six structural motifs found in the mu, delta and kappa opioid receptors as well as the opioid like receptor ORL-1. The motifs are discussed in terms of their dynamic roles in the signaling mechanism documented for several Class A GPCRs including the opioid receptors. Clarification of the roles of GPCR structural motifs provides a blueprint for structure-function studies on newly discovered or recently cloned receptors in the superfamily. Characterization of these motifs in the opioid receptors should enhance understanding of what makes an opioid ligand a full, partial or inverse agonist or antagonist at a given receptor, possibly leading to rational design of therapeutics useful for combating opiate dependence or for pain management.
Metallothionein-overexpression as a prognostic factor for progression and survival in melanoma. A prospective study on 520 patients (2003)

MT overexpression in primary melanoma is associated with an increased risk for disease progression. This marker is independent from Breslow thickness and helps to identify those thin melanomas (< 1.5 mm) that are at increased risk of progression. Moreover, the immunohistochemical staining of paraffin material is a cheap, easy and widely available technique to gain these results.
Small-Molecule Organic Photovoltaic Modules Fabricated via Halogen-Free Solvent System with Roll-to-Roll Compatible Scalable Printing Method (2017)

For the first time, the photovoltaic modules composed of small molecule were successfully fabricated by using roll-to-roll compatible printing techniques. In this study, blend films of small molecules, BTR and PC<sub>71</sub>BM were slot-die coated using a halogen-free solvent system. As a result, high efficiencies of 7.46% and 6.56% were achieved from time-consuming solvent vapor annealing (SVA) treatment and roll-to-roll compatible solvent additive approaches, respectively. After successful verification of our roll-to-roll compatible method on small-area devices, we further fabricated large-area photovoltaic modules with a total active area of 10 cm<sup>2</sup>, achieving a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 4.83%. This demonstration of large-area photovoltaic modules through roll-to-roll compatible printing methods, even based on a halogen-free solvent, suggests the great potential for the industrial-scale production of organic solar cells (OSCs).
A Review of RedOx Cycling of Solid Oxide Fuel Cells Anode (2012)

Solid oxide fuel cells are able to convert fuels, including hydrocarbons, to electricity with an unbeatable efficiency even for small systems. One of the main limitations for long-term utilization is the reduction-oxidation cycling (RedOx cycles) of the nickel-based anodes. This paper will review the effects and parameters influencing RedOx cycles of the Ni-ceramic anode. Second, solutions for RedOx instability are reviewed in the patent and open scientific literature. The solutions are described from the point of view of the system, stack design, cell design, new materials and microstructure optimization. Finally, a brief synthesis on RedOx cycling of Ni-based anode supports for standard and optimized microstructures is depicted.
Promoter analysis of the phosphoenoipyruvate carboxylase gene of<i>Escherichia coli</i> (1985)

In order to find the promoter region of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase [EC 4.1.1.31] gene (ppc), in vitro transcription was performed using truncated DNA fragments as templates. Transcription mapping showed three promoters as candidates, but only one of them could be assigned to the promoter of ppc gene, considering the nucleotide sequence of its coding region (Fujita, N., Miwa, T., Ishijima, S., Izui, K. and Katsuki, H. (1984) J. Biochem. 95, 909-916). Nuclease S1 mapping showed that the in vivo and in vitro transcription initiation sites are identical and that the site lies 91 or 92 nucleotides upstream the translation initiation site. No alteration of the transcription initiation site was observed whether the cells were starved for an amino acid or grown on various carbon sources. The sequences of the -10 and -35 regions were fairly in accordance with the consensus sequences hitherto reported. Some features of the sequence around the promoter region were discussed.
Modular design through component abstraction (2004)

Growing design sizes and shrinking time to market windows can only be met with drastically increased productivity. One way to obtain this is a smart reuse of intellectual property. This paper presents a methodology for modular design with the help of component abstraction. It describes how imperative components can be transformed into a formal, synchronous description to provide behavioral types to the components. The synchronous composition of these abstracted components helps discover errors in the component composition. The presented methodology is illustrated by the detailed case study of a Finite Impulse Response filter. We transform initial \systemc\ modules into an intermediate static single assignment representation which is used as a basis from which corresponding behavioral types are built.
Flocculation and formation of open structure of kaolinite suspension in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone. (1988)

Physicohemical and rheological properties of both concentrated and dilute suspensions of kaolinite were studied in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). Bingham yield value, relative viscosity with respect to the plastic viscosity, volume fraction of the flow unit, and void fraction in the flow unit for the concentrated suspension were estimated from the flow curve obtained by means of a Couette-type rotary viscometer (Shimadzu UR-1). Mean diameter and volume fraction of the secondary particles in the dilute suspension were measured by a Coulter counter (TA-II). The optimum concentrations of PVP for the flocculation of kaolinite (1-50g/100ml), which were obtained by the two measuring methods mentioned above, were consistent with each other. The more the extent of flocculation increased by virtue of the interparticle bridging effect of PVP, the more the volume fraction of the secondary particles, which is ciscometrically effective, increased although the weight concentration of kaolinite was kept constant. This result shows that the floc is of the open structure, and that the void fraction of the floc increases with the extent of the flocculation. The bulky floc, including much of the suspending medium, behaves as a flow unit in the suspension. The open structure was broken up when an excess amount of PVP as a dispersing agent was added.
Interaction of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Nucleocapsid with Actin (1999)

The nucleocapsid (NC) domain of the retrovirus Gag protein plays several important roles in the viral life cycle, including virus assembly, viral genomic RNA encapsidation, primer tRNA placement, and enhancement of viral reverse transcription. In this study, deletion of NC domain of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) Gag was found to drastically reduce virus particle production in CD4(+) T cells. Cellular fractionation experiments showed that although most of the uncleaved wild-type HIV-1 Gag, unmyristylated Gag, and p6(Gag) domain-truncated Gag molecules copurified with the host cell cytoskeleton, most of the mutant Gag molecules lacking both the NC and p6(Gag) domains failed to cofractionate with cytoskeleton. In wild-type virus-infected cells, in which the viral protease was active, the cleaved NCp7 copurified with the cytoskeleton, whereas most of the MAp17 and CAp24 did not. Monoclonal antibody against actin coimmunoprecipitated full-length Gag and p6(Gag) domain-truncated Gag molecules from cell lysates but failed to precipitate the truncated mutant Gag molecules lacking NC plus p6(Gag). Purified recombinant NCp7, but not CAp24, was able to bind F-actin in cosedimentation experiments. Furthermore, wild-type NCp7 and a zinc finger mutant NCp7(F16A), like a cellular actin-binding protein (the villin headpiece), bound F-actin in a dose-dependent fashion in vitro. Taken together, these results suggest that HIV-1 NCp7 can bind F-actin directly and that interaction between HIV-1 Gag and the actin cytoskeleton through the NC domain may play an important role in HIV-1 assembly and/or other steps of the viral life cycle.
Systemic Contact Dermatitis to Hydroxyzine (1997)

Aims & Scope | The leading peer-reviewed scientific journal in contact dermatitis, and the only journal in its field that publishes leading research in atopic, contact, occupational, environmental, and drug dermatitis.
Cytotoxic, Antiangiogenic and Antitelomerase Activity of Glucosyl‐ and Acyl‐ Resveratrol Prodrugs and Resveratrol Sulfate Metabolites (2016)

Resveratrol (RES) is a natural polyphenol with relevant and varied biological activity. However, its low bioavailability and rapid metabolism to its glucuronate and sulfate conjugates has opened a debate on the mechanisms underlying its bioactivity. RES prodrugs are being developed to overcome these problems. We have synthesized a series of RES prodrugs and RES sulfate metabolites (RES-S) and evaluated their biological activities. RES glucosylated prodrugs (RES-Glc) were more cytotoxic in HT-29 and MCF-7 cells than RES itself whereas RES-S showed similar or higher cytotoxicity than RES. VEGF production was decreased by RES-Glc, and RES-disulfate (RES-diS) diminished it even more than RES. Finally, RES-Glc and RES-diS inhibited hTERT gene expression to a higher extent than RES. In conclusion, resveratrol prodrugs are promising candidates as anticancer drugs. In addition, RES-S showed distinct biological activity, thus indicating they are not simply RES reservoirs.
Power grid transient simulation in linear time based on transmission-line-modeling alternating-direction-implicit method (2002)

The soaring clocking frequency and integration density demand robust and stable power delivery to support tens of millions of transistors switching. To ensure the design quality of power delivery, extensive transient power grid simulations need to be performed during the design process. However, the traditional circuit simulation engines are not scaled well for the complexity of power delivery. As a result, it often takes a long runtime and huge memory requirement to simulate a medium-sized power grid circuit. In this paper, the authors develop and present a new efficient transient simulation algorithm for power distribution. The proposed. algorithm, transmission-line-modeling alternating-direction-implicit (TLM-ADI), first models the power delivery structure as transmission line mesh structure, then solves the transient modified nodal analysis matrices by the alternating-direction-implicit method. The proposed algorithm, with linear runtime and memory requirement, is also unconditionally stable which ensures that the time-step is not limited by any stability requirement. Extensive experimental, results show that the proposed algorithm is not only orders of magnitude faster than SPICE but also extremely memory saving and accurate.
Purification and Properties of Rat Liver Fructokinase (1967)

Abstract New spectrophotometric and radiochemical assay procedures for measuring fructokinase (ATP:d-fructose 1-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.3) activity are reported. This enzyme has been purified from the liver of adult rats by acid and heat treatment, ammonium sulfate fractionation, and chromatography on Sephadex G-200 and diethylaminoethyl cellulose. The enzyme preparation has a specific activity of 15 to 30 units per mg of protein at 25° and has been purified 450-fold from an acid-treated homogenate (approximately 1,000-fold from the 100,000 x g supernatant). Purified liver fructokinase has a Km of 0.2 to 0.5 mm for fructose and 1 to 2 mm for magnesium adenosine triphosphate, and the enzyme reaction produces equimolar amounts of fructose 1-phosphate and ADP. The enzyme phosphorylated d-fructose with ATP, 2'-dATP, or 3'-dATP and also phosphorylated l-sorbose, d-xylulose, and l-galactoheptulose with ATP. It is stimulated by cysteine and other thiols, inhibited by p-chloromercuribenzoate, and has an activation energy of about 11 kcal per mole and a Q10 of 2.
Advanced Polymeric Materials (2003)

Featuring contributions from experts at some of the world's leading academic and industrial institutions, Advanced Polymeric Materials: Structure Property Relationships brings into book form a wealth of information previously available primarily only within computer programs. In a welcome narrative treatment, it provides comprehensive coverage of p
Predictors of the development of microalbuminuria in patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus: a seven‐year prospective study (1999)

Summary Aims To determine risk factors for the development of persistent microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate (AER) ≥ 30 μg/min) in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods One hundred and forty‐eight initially normotensive Type 1 diabetic patients with normal albumin excretion (< 30 μg/min) were followed prospectively in hospital diabetes outpatient clinics for a median of 7 years. Main outcome measures were: progression to persistent microalbuminuria (albumin excretion rate ≥ 30 μg/min on at least two consecutive occasions); rate of change of albumin excretion rate; development of arterial hypertension (systolic blood pressure > 160 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure > 95 mmHg or commencement of antihypertensive therapy). Results In a median follow‐up period of 7 years (range 6 months to 8 years), 14 patients progressed to persistent microalbuminuria, a cumulative incidence of 11% (95% confidence interval 6.36–16.94). AER remained persistently < 30 μg/min in 109 subjects and 25 developed intermittent microalbuminuria. In those who developed persistent microalbuminuria, baseline AER (16.2 (13.9–19.1) vs. 5.2 (3.8–9.2) μg/min, P < 0.01), blood pressure (136 (123–148)/80 (74–85) vs. 121 (118–124)/72 (70–73) mmHg, P < 0.05), and HbA 1 (10.2 (9.1–11.4) vs. 9.0 (8.7–9.4)%, P < 0.05) were higher than in those who continued to have persistent normoalbuminuria, retinopathy was more severe and height (1.64 (1.57–1.71) vs. 1.70 (1.69–1.72) m, P < 0.05) less. In multivariate analysis, baseline AER was the strongest predictor of the development of persistent microalbuminuria ( P < 0.0001), followed by mean arterial pressure ( P = 0.02) and HbA 1 ( P = 0.05). Conclusions The level of AER, raised blood pressure and poor glycaemic control are the most important predictors of the development of microalbuminuria in Type 1 diabetes.