gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Rapid fabrication of thick spray-layer-by-layer carbon nanotube electrodes for high power and energy devices (2013)

Rapid fabrication of layer-by-layer (LbL) electrodes is essential to expand their utility in energy storage applications. Herein, we address challenges in developing thick LbL electrodes of multi-wall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) using conventional dip- and spray-LbL processes, and present a solution to overcome these challenges. The vacuum-assisted spray-LbL process using porous carbon substrates enabled a linear growth of LbL-MWNT electrodes with a 600 time decrease in their fabrication time. This result was attributed to the enhanced surface interactions between MWNTs and substrate via increased surface areas, enhanced capillary forces, physical entrapment in pores, and changes in hydrodynamic drag forces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed high surface area carbon nanotube networks comprised of individual MWNT's. The spray MWNT electrodes delivered a high gravimetric energy of 100 W h kg−1 at high gravimetric power of 50 kW kg−1, which is higher than those of most carbon nanotube electrodes reported. Moreover, the spray MWNT electrodes delivered the highest energy capacity per unit area (up to 300 μW h cm−2 at 0.4 mW cm−2 among the LbL electrodes reported, and showed excellent retention of energy capacity up to 100 μW h cm−2 at high power capacity of 200 mW cm−2. These performance values are higher or comparable to the most advanced battery electrodes for high energy capacity per unit area.
Robust ultra-low power sub-threshold DTMOS logic (2000)

Digital sub-threshold logic circuits have recently been proposed for applications in the ultra-low power end of the design spectrum, where the performance is of secondary importance. To improve switching performance of the sub-threshold logic family with comparable energy/switching, we propose the use of sub-DTMOS (sub-threshold Dynamic Threshold MOS) transistors. The stability of sub-threshold DTMOS logic to temperature and process variations eliminates the need of additional stabilization scheme that may be required for regular sub-threshold MOS logic families to ensure proper operation in the sub-threshold region.
Translation of natural language queries to structured data sources (2015)

Nowadays most of people of developed economy countries interact with software every day. As a result of computer systems expansion to all scope of people's activity the problem of transition from visual and command interfaces to natural language user interfaces is thrown into the sharp relief. Computational linguistics and natural language processing methods are described in this article. Methods of natural language manipulation are applied in machine translation software systems, systems of search and exchange the data, text annotation and expert systems. Prototype of natural language user interface to structured data source is developed. As a result it is convert natural language user's query to SQL query to database. Natural language user interface is created to predefined subject field. User interface interacts to database that contain information about existent program libraries and frameworks. Consequently, using natural language processing methods it is possible to develop user natural language user interface providing capability to interact with machine.
MAP 1A and MAP 1B are structurally related microtubule associated proteins with distinct developmental patterns in the CNS (1989)

Five high-molecular-weight microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) were identified in brain tissue in previous work from this laboratory (Bloom et al., 1984). These proteins were termed MAP 1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, and 2B. The MAP 1's differed from the MAP 2's, and showed little evidence of interrelationship on the basis of immunological and biochemical comparison. We report here that MAP 1A and MAP 1B are, in fact, related at the level of subunit composition. Immunoprecipitation of the individual MAPs showed that both contained low-molecular-weight subunits of Mr 30,000 and Mr 19,000 (light chains 1 and 3). An additional subunit, light chain 2 (Mr 28,000), was primarily found in preparations of MAP 1A. The light chains co-sedimented with microtubules after chymotryptic digestion of the MAPs. This suggested an association of the light chains with the microtubule binding domains of the MAPs, which are identified here as distinct fragments of Mr 60,000 for MAP 1A and 120,000 for MAP 1B. A panel of monoclonal anti-MAP 1A and anti-MAP 1B antibodies, including one that reacts with a common phosphorylated epitope, was used to examine the distribution of these proteins in the developing rat brain and spinal cord. MAP 1B was found to be abundant in the newborn brain and to decrease with development, in contrast to MAP 1A which increased with development. By immunohistochemistry MAP 1B was found to be highly concentrated in developing axonal processes in the cerebellar molecular layer, the corticospinal tract, the mossy fibers in the hippocampus, and the olfactory nerve. Of particular interest, the mossy fiber and olfactory nerve staining persisted in the adult, indicating continued outgrowth of the mossy fibers as well as olfactory nerve axons. MAP 1A staining was, in contrast, weak or absent in developing axonal fibers but moderate in mature axons and intense in developing and mature dendritic processes. Our results indicate that MAP 1A and MAP 1B are structurally related components of the neuronal cytoskeleton with complementary patterns of expression.
Intrahepatic cholestasis of pregnancy: observational study of the treatment with low-dose ursodeoxycholic acid (2015)

Preterm labour was associated in severe ICP (total BA > 40 μmol/l), ALT levels were also significantly higher and ICP was diagnosed earlier (p < 0.05). Apgar scores were lower in preterm babies (p < 0.05), but umbilical artery pHvalues were not significantly lower. UDCA was well tolerated by pregnant women. With low-dose UDCA treatment the obstetric outcome was good. We still recommend careful obstetrical follow-up.
A small-scale hyperacute compound eye featuring active eye tremor: application to visual stabilization, target tracking, and short-range odometry (2015)

In this study, a miniature artificial compound eye (15 mm in diameter) called the curved artificial compound eye (CurvACE) was endowed for the first time with hyperacuity, using similar micro-movements to those occurring in the fly's compound eye. A periodic micro-scanning movement of only a few degrees enables the vibrating compound eye to locate contrasting objects with a 40-fold greater resolution than that imposed by the interommatidial angle. In this study, we developed a new algorithm merging the output of 35 local processing units consisting of adjacent pairs of artificial ommatidia. The local measurements performed by each pair are processed in parallel with very few computational resources, which makes it possible to reach a high refresh rate of 500 Hz. An aerial robotic platform with two degrees of freedom equipped with the active CurvACE placed over naturally textured panels was able to assess its linear position accurately with respect to the environment thanks to its efficient gaze stabilization system. The algorithm was found to perform robustly at different light conditions as well as distance variations relative to the ground and featured small closed-loop positioning errors of the robot in the range of 45 mm. In addition, three tasks of interest were performed without having to change the algorithm: short-range odometry, visual stabilization, and tracking contrasting objects (hands) moving over a textured background.
Serotypes of Ureaplasma urealyticum isolated from normal pregnant women and patients with pregnancy complications (1988)

To compare the distribution of Ureaplasma urealyticum serotypes 1 to 10 in different patient populations, the serotypes of 240 U. urealyticum strains from 207 patients were determined by the indirect immunofluorescence test by using U. urealyticum antisera 1 to 10. Strains were obtained from the following four patient groups: group 1, 24 couples in which the women had a history of recurrent spontaneous abortion; group 2, 25 patients who had their first spontaneous abortion; group 3, 14 pregnant patients with pregnancy complications (premature delivery, intrauterine death); and group 4, 138 patients with uneventful pregnancies. The serotypes most often found in these 207 patients were as follows: serotype 3, 52.2%; serotype 6, 30.3%; serotype 10, 11.4%; serotype 1, 9.5%; serotype 4, 6.5%; serotype 8, 6.5%. Serotypes 2, 5, 7, and 9 were found in less than 1% of the patients. More than one serotype was found in 16.9% of the patients. The overall distribution of the 10 serotypes in the different groups was similar, except for that of serotype 4. Serotype 4 was isolated from 20.8% of the patients in group 1 and from 5.1% of the patients in group 4 (P less than 0.01). Results of this study indicate that U. urealyticum serotype 4 can be isolated more frequently from patients with a history of recurrent miscarriages than from normal pregnant women.
Cytotoxicity and Antineoplastic Activities of Alkylamines andTheir Borane Derivatives (1996)

The alkylamines and their related boron derivatives demonstrated potent cytotoxicity against the growth of murine and human tissue cultured cells. These agents did not necessarily require the boron atom to possess potent cytotoxic action in certain tumor lines. Their ability to suppress tumor cell growth was based on their inhibition of DNA and protein syntheses. DNA synthesis was reduced because purine synthesis was blocked at the enzyme site of IMP dehydrogenase by the agents. In addition ribonucleotide reductase and nucleoside kinase activities were reduced by the agents which would account for the reduced d[NTP] pools. The DNA template or molecule may be a target of the drugs with regard to binding of the drug to nucleoside bases or intercalaction of the drug between DNA base pairs. Only some Of the agents caused DNA fragmentation with reduced DNA viscosity. These effects would contribute to overall cell death afforded by the agents.
Time series explanations of merger activity: some econometric results (1995)

Existing papers which have attempted to test explanations of time series patterns in merger behaviour suffer from the defects that, first, they usually consider only one hypothesis and, secondly, none use a moderm econometric methodology. Consequently, their results may be subject to the spurious correlation problem. In this paper we argue that four well-known approaches to explaining time series data in acquisitions (Gort's disturbance theory, King's Trapped Equity model, disequilibrium hypotheses and ad hoc approaches) can all be nested within a capital budgeting decision-making framework. Using a co-integration methodology, a long-run relationship was found between the quarterly number of acquisitions and the growth rate of GDP, Tobin's Q, the balance of payments, the unemployment rate and share prices. Some of the previously proposed theories were found to explain the short-run dynamic variation in acquisition activity. No support was found for Gort's disturbance theory or for King's Trapped Equity model. Conclusions for antitrust policy are suggested.
Graduating class of 1958, London Bible Institute, June 1958 (1958)

Photography of the graduating class of 1958, London Bible Institute, June 1958. The photograph shows the graduating class of 1958 in their gowns and hoods.
Bacterial genome reduction using the progressive clustering of deletions via yeast sexual cycling (2015)

The availability of genetically tractable organisms with simple genomes is critical for the rapid, systems-level understanding of basic biological processes. Mycoplasma bacteria, with the smallest known genomes among free-living cellular organisms, are ideal models for this purpose, but the natural versions of these cells have genome complexities still too great to offer a comprehensive view of a fundamental life form. Here we describe an efficient method for reducing genomes from these organisms by identifying individually deletable regions using transposon mutagenesis and progressively clustering deleted genomic segments using meiotic recombination between the bacterial genomes harbored in yeast. Mycoplasmal genomes subjected to this process and transplanted into recipient cells yielded two mycoplasma strains. The first simultaneously lacked eight singly deletable regions of the genome, representing a total of 91 genes and ∼ 10% of the original genome. The second strain lacked seven of the eight regions, representing 84 genes. Growth assay data revealed an absence of genetic interactions among the 91 genes under tested conditions. Despite predicted effects of the deletions on sugar metabolism and the proteome, growth rates were unaffected by the gene deletions in the seven-deletion strain. These results support the feasibility of using single-gene disruption data to design and construct viable genomes lacking multiple genes, paving the way toward genome minimization. The progressive clustering method is expected to be effective for the reorganization of any mega-sized DNA molecules cloned in yeast, facilitating the construction of designer genomes in microbes as well as genomic fragments for genetic engineering of higher eukaryotes.
Theory of small-diameter airlift pumps (1990)

The results and discussion of an experimental study of the effects of tube diameter on vertical slug flow, specifically as it relates to 3–25 mm airlift pump performance are presented. The theory previously presented by Nicklin [Trans. Instn chem. Engrs41, 29–39 (1963)] is extended into this range of tube diameters by taking into account the effects of surface tension on the bubble rise velocity. Differences are noted between the rise velocity of a single gas slug and a train of gas slugs in small vertical tubes. Comparisons are made between experimental observations and theoretical predictions. Good agreement is observed for Re > 500 and for surface tension numbers between 0.02 and 0.2.
A serine (threonine) protein kinase confers fungicide resistance in the phytopathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis (1995)

A mutant of Ustilago maydis (VR43) with single-gene resistance to the dicarboximide fungicide vinclozolin was previously isolated and characterized. A genomic library was constructed, and an 8.7-kb resistance-conferring fragment was isolated by sib selection. Sequencing this fragment, we identified an 1,218-bp open reading frame, which, if disrupted by deletion, no longer confers resistance. Analyses of the data in GenBank demonstrated a high degree of homology between the product of the 1,218-bp open reading frame, referred to as the adr-1 gene, and Ser (Thr) protein kinases.
Allergic Contact Dermatitis (2001)

Contact dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition induced by exposure to an environmental agent. Eczema and dermatitis are used synonymously to denote a polymorphous pattern of skin inflammation characterized at least in its acute phase by erythema, vesiculation and pruritus. Substances responsible for contact dermatitis after single or multiple exposures are non protein chemicals, i.e. haptens, that induce skin inflammation through activation of innate skin immunity (irritant contact dermatitis) or both innate and acquired specific immunity (allergic contact dermatitis). The present review will focus on allergic contact dermatitis, a delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, which is mediated by hapten-specific T cells. Recent advances in the pathophysiology of ACD have shown that the occurrence of ACD, as well as its magnitude and duration, is controlled by the opposite functions of CD8 effector T cells and CD4 regulatory T cells. From these studies ACD can be considered as a breakdown of cutaneous immune tolerance to haptens.
DCASE 2017 Challenge setup: Tasks, datasets and baseline system (2017)

International audience
Dependent bit allocation in multiview video coding (2005)

We consider the bit allocation problem in multiview video coding (MVC). A dependent coding technique using trellis expansion and the Viterbi algorithm (VA) is proposed, which takes into account dependencies across time and views. We note that, typically, optimal quantizer choices have the following properties: i) quantization choices tend to be similar for frames that are consecutive (in time or in view), ii) better quantization tends to be used for frames closer to the root of the dependency tree. We propose a search algorithm to speed up the optimization of quantization choices. Our results indicate significant gains can be achieved by an appropriate selection of bit allocation across frames.
Some Tests of the Decay Theory of Immediate Memory (1958)

The hypothesis of decay of the memory trace as a cause of forgetting has been unpopular. The reasons for this unpopularity are criticized and a theory of the memory span, based on this hypothesis, is put forward. Three experiments which test the hypothesis are described. In each, two kinds of stimuli are presented to the subject, viz., “required” stimuli, which he attempts to remember, and “additional” stimuli, to which he merely makes responses. The first experiment will show that even when the number of required stimuli is well below the memory span, forgetting occurs if the presentation of additional stimuli delays recall for several seconds. The second shows that the effect of the additional stimuli depends only slightly on their similarity to the required stimuli: it also shows that their effect is negligible when they precede, instead of follow, the required stimuli. The third shows that the effect of additional stimuli interpolated before recall remains considerable even when there is an interval of several seconds between presentation of required and additional stimuli.
The Relationship between Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis of the Knee: A Report of 2 Cases with Suspected Osteonecrosis (2014)

Knee specimens of two osteoporotic patients who underwent unilateral knee arthroplasty for suspected osteonecrosis of the knee were examined histologically. Preoperative findings of magnetic resonance images in both patients were consistent with the diagnosis of osteonecrosis of the medial femoral condyles, although plain X-rays showed minimal degenerative changes. In both patients, preoperative bone mineral densities of the femoral condyle and proximal tibia of the affected side were lower than those of the unaffected side. Pathological examination of the resected femoral condyle and proximal tibia showed almost intact joint cartilage, healing of the collapsed subchondral bone, and significant trabecular bone loss. Histologically, no evidence of osteonecrosis, including empty lacunae of the trabecular bone, was observed. These findings indicated that subchondral bone collapse caused by osteoporosis, but not osteonecrosis, initiated the osteoarthritic change of the affected knee. This report emphasizes that there may be cases of progressive local osteoarthritis caused by fracture of subchondral bone because of osteoporosis.
Inhomogeneity correction for <i>in vivo</i> spectroscopy by high‐resolution water referencing (1992)

One of the most common sources of distortion in in vivo spectroscopy is the inhomogeneity of the main magnetic field. This effect is particularly problematic when performing spectroscopic imaging, as the shim cannot be simultaneously optimized for all voxels. In this paper we present a technique to measure inhomogeneity rapidly, then show how to use the measurement to improve the analysis of the spectrum. This technique can be applied in conjunction with any spectroscopic localization method and any spectral quantitation algorithm. We present results from spectroscopic imaging of phantoms, then show application to a single-voxel water-suppressed proton brain study. We find that the quantitation of the in vivo spectrum is made immune to inhomogeneous line broadening.
Towards the molecular localisation of the AZF locus: mapping of microdeletions in azoospermic men within 14 subintervals of interval 6 of the human Y chromosome (1992)

We have used a series of 30 DNA probes previously mapped to the long arm of the human Y chromosome, to screen a panel of 21 patients with structural abnormalities in Yq, by genomic blot hybridisation. The results have allowed us to construct a detailed map of interval 6 of the Y chromosome, in which 28 of the probes could be assigned to 14 sub-intervals within interval 6. Some probes detect two or more loci within this region, each of which has been localised. The same set of probes has been used to screen a panel of 19 chromosomally normal azoospermic men, two of whom have been found to carry microdeletions within this region. With the completion of this map we have been able accurately to localise these microdeletions within interval 6 and show that they do not overlap. We believe these microdeletions may disrupt the azoospermia factor (AZF) involved in spermatogenesis, and which is known to lie in this region. These results are an important step towards the localisation of the AZF locus.
Compliant Metamaterials for Resonantly Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy and Refractive Index Sensing (2011)

Metamaterials can be designed to operate at frequencies from the visible to the mid-IR, making these structures useful for both refractive index sensing and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy. Here we investigate how the mechanical deformation of compliant metamaterials can be used to create new types of tunable sensing surfaces. For split ring resonator based metamaterials on polydimethylsiloxane we demonstrate refractive index sensing with figures of merit of up to 10.1. Given the tunability of the resonance of these structures through the infrared after fabrication, they are well suited for detection of the absorption signal of many typical vibrational modes. The results highlight the promise of postfabrication tunable sensors and the potential for integration.
PZT-actuated reliable RF-MEMS switch using single-crystal silicon asymmetric beam (2011)

This paper presents a low-voltage driven and reliable RF-MEMS switch for wireless communication. We fabricated a Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) unimorph actuator based on a single crystal silicon (SCS) asymmetric beam and a single contact structure with a narrow air gap. The fabrication process without wafer bonding enabled the precise control of the air gap. We successfully drove a stiff beam (spring constant > 2,000 N/m) in spite of a low voltage (<15 V). The switch lifetime was 100 million cycles at a low contact resistance and more than 10 billion cycles for the PZT actuator. The overall insertion loss and isolation are −0.3 dB and −25 dB up to 5 GHz, respectively.
WDM Transmission Over Standard Single-Mode Fiber at 1.55 m (1998)

We compare the performance of dispersion-managed 4 40, 16 10, and 16 40 Gb/s wavelength-division- multiplexed transmission over 1000-km standard single-mode fiber operating at 1.55 m. It is shown, that for 40 Gb/s, the system performance is mainly limited by the degradations of each single channel. No significant additional degradation due to cross-phase modulation or four-wave mixing could be observed. Moreover, it is shown that focusing on the total fiber-input power, both transmission schemes, 4 40 Gb/s at 100-GHz channel spacing and 16 10 Gb/s at 25-GHz channel spacing, yielding the same total bandwidth show almost identical performance.