gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A Conversation with Jonathan Franzen (2015)

Jonathan Franzen, arguably the best living American novelist, began his career in the late eighties. His first novel, The Twenty-Seventh City, is a thriller set in his hometown of St. Louis. Franzen’s second novel, Strong Motion, tells the story of the Holland family, who live in a Boston that is beset by earthquakes. But it wasn’t until 2001, with The Corrections, that the author found a wider readership. This book sets the Lambert family’s conflicts and anxieties against the backdrop of larger social issues, like the changing economy of the ’90s, and the rampant use of psychopharmaceuticals. When Franzen expressed ambivalence at having The Corrections selected as an Oprah’s Book Club pick, the ensuing flurry of media coverage secured his foothold in mainstream culture. The author’s fourth novel, Freedom, interweaves the story of the Berglunds with subplots that examine mass consumerism and environmental issues. Franzen’s oeuvre also includes two collections of essays, How to Be Alone, and Farther Away, and a personal history, The Discomfort Zone. His most recent book is The Kraus Project, a translation with commentary of the work of the nineteenth-century Austrian critic, Karl Kraus. Franzen’s visit to Butler University—as part of the Vivian S. Delbrook Visiting Writers Series—was three-fold: a reading for the general public, a Q&A for Butler students, and an interview with Booth. As the MFA candidate/reader for Booth who was to interview Mr. Franzen, I attended his reading and Q&A so as to get a better sense of what the author is like. Many articles profiling the novelist cast him as a cranky contrarian, but the Jonathan Franzen I saw didn’t fit into any of my preconceived ideas. During his reading he seemed intent on entertaining the crowd. Afterwards he fielded questions from the audience and responded genially. He smiled. He said thank you. When someone asked Franzen if he wanted his work to be a catalyst for social change, the novelist said he wasn’t opposed to the idea, but added, “I’m just trying to give the reader a good time.” The undergraduates who attended the author’s Q&A had questions about The Discomfort Zone. Franzen said that the first thirty pages he wrote were awful because he was ashamed of his innocence. “Shame is the worst substance on the page, the most contagious of all feelings,” he said. After he rewrote the material using humor, casting himself as a “ridiculous figure,” he was able to let go of that shame. When Franzen was asked about his intense interest in birding, he told the crowd—most of them in their late teens and early twenties—that he didn’t start to grow up until he was in his forties. “I was so self-conscious for so much of my life, especially as a teenager,” he said, adding that it was through birding that he learned how to be in the moment and enjoy it. After the undergraduates left, Jonathan Franzen sat down with me to share some of his thoughts on literature, social media, and infamy.
Abnormal cerebral structure in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy demonstrated with voxel-based analysis of MRI (1999)

MRI scans of patients with idiopathic generalized epilepsy (IGE) are normal on visual assessment. Using an interactive anatomical segmentation technique and volume-of-interest measurements of MRI, we showed recently that patients with IGE had significantly larger cortical grey matter than control subjects. Further, 40% of individual patients with juvenile myoclonic epilepsy (JME), a syndrome of IGE in adolescence, had significant abnormalities of cerebral structure. In this study, we applied the automated and objective technique of statistical parametric mapping (SPM) to the analysis of structural MRI from 20 patients with JME and 30 control subjects. The cortical grey matter of each individual JME patient and the group of JME patients was contrasted with that of the group of 30 normal subjects. The voxel-based SPM comparison between the group of JME patients and the control subjects showed an increase in cortical grey matter in the mesial frontal lobes of the patients. Analysis of individual patients revealed significant abnormalities of cortical grey matter in five out of 20 JME patients, four of whom had been shown to have widespread abnormalities using the previous volume of interest technique. These findings indicate a structural cerebral abnormality in JME, with involvement of mesiofrontal cortical structures.
Immediate pigment-darkening reaction. (1988)

The immediate pigment-darkening reaction (IPD) is a gray-brown discoloration of the skin induced mainly by long-wave ultraviolet (UVA) radiation. The threshold value of IPD can be used as an important parameter in a series of light tests. The principle mechanism of the reaction is a photo-oxidative process causing darkening of preformed melanin and the production of free radicals. It has also been suggested that the reaction involves micromorphological changes in the melanocytes and a changed distribution pattern of melanosomes in the keratinocytes. This concept has recently been questioned by independent investigators. The physiological function of IPD still remains largely unknown. No photoprotective effect of the reaction has been observed. It has been suggested that IPD might have been of value during human evolution.
Andalucía la nueva: la herencia urbanística de la ciudad zonificada (2015)

Contemplamos el origen de la Urbanización Nueva Andalucía analizando la versión primera del Plan de Ordenación de los terrenos y su posterior modificación con la segunda y definitiva configuración en Supermanzanas. Asimismo, se estudian los tres primeros Planes Parciales correspondientes a las Supermanzanas A, B y C, los cuales pretenden ser el fuerte impulso de salida de la Ciudad Parque de Turismo Andalucía la Nueva. Todo lo expuesto nos permite ver el grado de ejecución de cada zona y extraer unas conclusiones sobre las intenciones de partida del empresario José Banús y como se desarrollan en el tiempo.
Keys to Soldier and Winged Adult Termites (Isoptera) of Florida (1994)

Illustrated identification keys are presented for soldiers and winged adults of the following 17 termite species known from Florida: Calcaritermes nearcticus Snyder, Neotermes castaneus (Burmeister), N. jouteli (Banks), N. luykxi Nickle and Collins, Kalotermes approximatus Snyder, Incisitermes milleri (Emerson), I. minor (Hagen), I. schwarzi (Banks), I. snyderi (Light), Cryptotermes brevis (Walker), and C. cavifrons Banks, Family Kalotermitidae; Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar), R. hageni Banks, R. virginicus (Banks), and Prorhinotermes simplex (Hagen), Family Rhinotermitidae; and Amitermes floridensis Scheffrahn, Mangold, & Su, Family Termitidae.
The N-Terminal Part of the Enzyme Component (C2I) of the Binary <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> C2 Toxin Interacts with the Binding Component C2II and Functions as a Carrier System for a Rho ADP-Ribosylating C3-Like Fusion Toxin (1998)

The binary actin-ADP-ribosylating Clostridium botulinum C2 toxin consists of the enzyme component C2I and the binding component C2II, which are separate proteins. The active component C2I enters cells through C2II by receptor-mediated endocytosis and membrane translocation. The N-terminal part of C2I (C2IN), which consists of 225 amino acid residues but lacks ADP-ribosyltransferase activity, was identified as the C2II contact site. A fusion protein (C2IN-C3) of C2IN and the full-length C3-like ADP-ribosyltransferase from Clostridium limosum was constructed. The fusion protein C2IN-C3 ADP-ribosylated Rho but not actin in CHO cell lysates. Together with C2II, C2IN-C3 induced complete rounding up of CHO and HeLa cells after incubation for 3 h. No cell rounding was observed without C2II or with the original C3-like transferase from C. limosum. The data indicate that the N-terminal 225 amino acid residues of C2I are sufficient to cause the cellular uptake of C. limosum transferase via the binding component of C2II, thereby increasing the cytotoxicity of the C3-like exoenzyme several hundred-fold.
Treg Enhancing Therapies to Treat Autoimmune Diseases (2020)

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a small yet critical subset of CD4+ T cells, which have the role of maintaining immune homeostasis by, for example, regulating self-tolerance, tumor immunity, anti-microbial resistance, allergy and transplantation rejection. The suppressive mechanisms by which Tregs function are varied and pleiotropic. The ability of Tregs to maintain self-tolerance means they are critical for the control and prevention of autoimmune diseases. Irregularities in Treg function and number can result in loss of tolerance and autoimmune disease. Restoring immune homeostasis and tolerance through the promotion, activation or delivery of Tregs has emerged as a focus for therapies aimed at curing or controlling autoimmune diseases. Such therapies have focused on the Treg cell subset by using drugs to suppress T effector cells and promote Tregs. Other approaches have trialed inducing tolerance by administering the autoantigen via direct administration, by transient expression using a DNA vector, or by antigen-specific nanoparticles. More recently, cell-based therapies have been developed as an approach to directly or indirectly enhance Treg cell specificity, function and number. This can be achieved indirectly by transfer of tolerogenic dendritic cells, which have the potential to expand antigen-specific Treg cells. Treg cells can be directly administered to treat autoimmune disease by way of polyclonal Tregs or Tregs transduced with a receptor with high affinity for the target autoantigen, such as a high affinity T cell receptor (TCR) or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). This review will discuss the strategies being developed to redirect autoimmune responses to a state of immune tolerance, with the aim of the prevention or amelioration of autoimmune disease.
An analysis of a circuit for the generation of high-order harmonics using an ideal nonlinear capacitor (1962)

A particular harmonic generator circuit using an ideal nonlinear capacitor is analyzed and theoretical expressions are obtained for the loss involved in generating a high-order harmonic. The harmonic energy is developed in a load resistor either as an exponentially decaying sine wave or as a pulse. The analysis is valid for harmonics of about the tenth or greater. The results are presented in a graphical form that allows the losses involved to be found easily and it is thus shown that the minimum loss in generating a high-order harmonic by this circuit is about 8.5 db independent of the order of the harmonic. The degree to which a charge storage diode approximates to an ideal nonlinear capacitor is then discussed and some experimental results using such a diode are presented.
Scattering by a spherical inhomogeneity in a fluid-saturated porous medium (1985)

A fast compressional wave incident on an inhomogeneity in a fluid-saturated porous medium will produce three scattered elastic waves: a fast compressional wave, a slow compressional wave, and a shear wave. This problem is formulated as a multipole expansion using Biot’s equations of poroelasticity. The solution for the first term (n=0) in the multipole series involves a 4×4 system which is solved analytically in the long-wavelength limit. All higher-order terms (n≥1) require the solution of a 6×6 system. A procedure for solving these equations by splitting the problem into a 4×4 system and a 2×2 system and then iterating is introduced. The first iterate is just the solution of the elastic wave scattering problem in the absence of fluid effects. Higher iterates include the successive perturbation effects of fluid/solid interaction.
A coupled strip-line configuration using printed-circuit construction that allows very close coupling (1961)

A new strip-line configuration is presented, applicable to printed-circuit construction, that allows very close coupling to be achieved without resorting to very small coupling gaps and excessively critical dimensions. Graphs of even- and odd-mode fringing capacitances are given. These graphs can be used with simple formulas, which also are given, to determine the dimensions of the configuration that will give specified even- and odd-mode characteristic impedances or shunt capacitances. The usefulness of the graphs and formulas was demonstrated by using them to design 3-db backward-couplers. The performance of the couplers in this new configuration was typical of similar couplers made in more conventional configurations, as expected. However, the devices shown have an advantage in that they can be manufactured by relatively inexpensive and rapid printed-circuit methods and, since the region between the conductors is solid dielectric, they are unusually rugged.
Use of group-specific primers and the polymerase chain reaction for the detection and identification of luteoviruses (1991)

A general diagnostic assay for a number of distinct luteoviruses was developed using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction enzyme analysis. Two minimally degenerate, group-specific primers were derived from previously published RNA sequences of three luteoviruses. This primer pair generated specific PCR fragments of about 530 bp from extracts of plants infected with potato leafroll virus, beet western yellows virus, or New York barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) serotypes MAV, PAV, RMV, RPV and SGV, which span much of the respective viral coat protein gene. Each virus was easily distinguished from the others by restriction enzyme analysis of the amplified DNA products. Samples from BYDV-infected oat and wheat collected in Nebraska were identified as containing PAV-like serotypes; micro-heterogeneity was detected in several samples. This method provides a rapid, sensitive and relatively inexpensive means of luteovirus detection and identification. It is the first test capable of simultaneously detecting all five BYDV serotypes.
Helping Latin America Help Itself (2010)

Even before the massive earthquake struck Haiti early this year, the country was one of the biggest beneficiaries of South-South cooperation in the Americas. In fact, since 2004, the first UN peacekeeping mission made up mostly of South American forces has been serving in the beleaguered Caribbean nation.
Nonlinear Metasurfaces: A Paradigm Shift in Nonlinear Optics (2017)

Frequency conversion processes, such as second- and third-harmonic generation, are one of the most common effects in nonlinear optics which offer many opportunities for photonics, chemistry, material science, characterization, and biosensing. Given the inherently weak nonlinear response of natural materials, one typically relies on optically large samples and complex phase-matching techniques to achieve nonlinear effects. A direct translation of these approaches to small dimensions, however, is extremely challenging, because nonlinear effects locally comparable to the linear response cannot be induced without reaching extremely high light intensities leading to the material breakdown. For this reason, the quest to synthesize novel materials with enhanced optical nonlinearities at moderate input intensities is very active nowadays. In the last decade, several approaches to engineering the nonlinear properties of artificial materials, metamaterials, and metasurfaces have been introduced. Here, we review the current state of the art in the field of small-scale nonlinear optics, with special emphasis on high-harmonic generation from ultrathin metasurfaces, including those based on plasmonic and high-index dielectric resonators, as well as semiconductor-loaded plasmonic metasurfaces. We discuss the role of specific electromagnetic field configurations for efficient harmonic generation, including magnetic dipole, Fano resonance, and anapole ones. We also discuss the most recent advances in controlling the phase front profiles of generated nonlinear waves enabled by nonlinear metasurfaces consisting of nanoresonators with judiciously tailored shapes. Finally, we compare viable approaches to enhance nonlinearities without phase matching constraints in ultrathin metasurfaces, and offer a perspective and outlook on the future development of this exciting field.
A High-Performance Aperture-Coupled Patch Antenna Supported by a Micromachined Polymer Ring (2008)

An aperture-coupled high-gain microstrip patch antenna with wide bandwidth is reported. The slot-coupled antenna device was produced on a microwave PCB substrate with a suspended patch supported by a micromachined polymer ring structure. After the fabrication of the microstrip feed line and the coupling slot on the substrate and the patch on a polyimide film, two polymer rings of identical design were deposited on the microwave and the polyimide substrates respectively using a SU8 epoxy resin and the photolithography technique. The two polymer rings were then aligned and bonded together to obtain a suspended patch antenna for high-gain operation. The resultant height of the SU8 ring and hence the gap between the polymer and the microwave substrates was 1.5 mm. Reflection and radiation measurements were carried out to evaluate the performance of the antenna device. The results show that the device has a gain of 8.3 dBi at ~12 GHz and a -10 dB bandwidth of ~2.5 GHz or 19%. The simulated results are demonstrated to be in good agreement with measurement. The predicted efficiency of the device is about 98%.
Inhibition of N-myc expression and induction of apoptosis by iron chelation in human neuroblastoma cells. (2001)

Neuroblastoma is the second most common solid malignancy of childhood. Enhanced expression of the amplified N-myc gene in the tumor cells may be associated with poor patient prognosis and may contribute to tumor development and progression. The use of deferoxamine mesylate (DFO), an iron chelator, to treat neuroblastoma is being investigated in national clinical studies. We show here by TUNEL assay and DNA laddering that DFO induces apoptosis in cultured human neuroblastoma cells, which is preceded by a decrease in the expression of N-myc and the altered expression of some other oncogenes (up-regulating c-fos and down-regulating c-myb) but not housekeeping genes. The decrease in N-myc expression is iron-specific but does not result from inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase, because specific inhibition of this iron-containing enzyme by hydroxyurea does not affect N-myc protein levels. Nuclear run-on and transient reporter gene expression experiments show that the decrease in N-myc expression occurs at the level of initiation of transcription and by inhibiting N-myc promoter activity. Comparison across neuroblastoma cell lines of the amount of residual cellular N-myc protein with the extent of apoptosis measured as pan-caspase activity after 48 h of iron chelation reveals no correlation, suggesting that the decrease in N-myc expression is unlikely to mediate apoptosis. In conclusion, chelation of cellular iron by DFO may alter the expression of multiple genes affecting the malignant phenotype by multiple pathways. Given the clinical importance of N-myc overexpression in neuroblastoma malignancy, decreasing N-myc expression by DFO might be useful as an adjunct to current
Algorithmic analogue-to-digital convertors using current-mode techniques (1990)

Algorithmic ADCs designed using current mode techniques are presented. The current mode techniques do not require large supply voltages and reduce the need for high quality amplifiers and large linear capacitors on which to store the signal. Consequently, the resulting ADCs can be made very small while still providing high sampling rates. In this paper a variety of different circuit structures useful in ADCs are discussed. Experimental results using a 3 μm CMOS process are used to demonstrate that the techniques can be used to achieve small VLSI compatible ADCs.
Biochemistry of exercise VII (1990)

The theme of the 7th Conference was devoted to biochemical strategies in response to altered functional demand. This proceedings volume consists of seven parts, each with four or five invited papers dealing with aspects of muscular fatigue, the role of functional demand in regulating gene expressio
Sample Based Face Caricature Generation (2004)

We present a system to automatically create a caricature drawing froma frontal face photograph. The system learns how to exaggerate features based on training examples from a particular caricaturist. The input to the system is a frontal face image along with its vector based line-drawing. The system creates a face shape model of the given face with a minimum of user interaction. The face shape is then converted to a set of semantic face features. A Kernel Regression (KR) algorithm determines how much each feature should be exaggerated based on the knowledge learned from a particular artist. The exaggerated features are then projected into an exaggerated face shape using a maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) algorithm. This MLE algorithm also maintains face constraints to generate reasonable caricatures. Finally, the exaggerated face shape together with the unexaggerated face shape are used to morph the input line-drawing to create a caricature. A user interface is provided to indicate the extent of overall exaggeration. We have trained the system with two separate artists and show results of passing several photographs and line drawings through the system.
Temperature Dependence of Latch-up Holding Point for Majority Carrier Guards up to 250°C (1996)

Analysis of the Effect of Etchpit Defects on Breakdown Voltage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 Process Oriented MESFET Models for Transistor Design using ATLAS and ATHENA FLASH . . . . . . . . . 6 Optimization of Photolithography CD Control Using VWF and Optolith . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8 Calendar of Events . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Hints, Tips, and Solutions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Introduction Numerous applications would benefit from the availability of temperature resistant electronics. Among these are automotive electronic controllers for anti-blocking system, motor management and exhausting pipe gas analysis1,2, aircraft electronics for engine control and replacement of hydraulic and pneumatic control3 (e.g. More Electric Aircraft Initiative of U.S. Government). A further benefit is the reduction of cooling requirements for electronics. For the majority of these applications, mainly for those with economical importance, a maximum operating temperature of 250°C would be sufficient. For economical reasons the use of junction isolated CMOS devices, especially ASICs, is advantageous due to cost and short term availability.
An automatic peak finding method for LC‐MS data using Gaussian second derivative filtering (2009)

A highly automated procedure for localising and characterising peaks in the chromatographic time domain of LC-MS data has been developed. The work was initiated by an identified need to facilitate the detection and tracking of chromatographic peaks during method development for the analysis of impurities in pharmaceutical products. The algorithm is mainly based on a digital filter for which the settings are automatically adapted to the data set under study. The procedure was evaluated for synthetic data sets with various S/N levels, peak widths and baseline properties. It was found that even for the worst case tested with S/N=10 and a high variability in the baseline, 94% of the simulated analytical peaks could be detected without producing any false-positive identifications. Furthermore, the number of correctly estimated peak heights and peak widths falling within a 10% error of the true values were 94 and 91%, respectively. For experimental data sets, peak height, and width estimations were more difficult, but the processed reconstructions showed an excellent agreement with the analytical signals of the raw data, and also a clearly improved visualisation in total ion- and base-peak chromatograms.