gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A novel miniature azimuth-level detector based on MEMS (2002)

Exact knowledge of the attitude is a fundamental factor in steering vehicles. This paper proposes a novel MEMS azimuth-level detector, which is a combination of MEMS accelerometers and MEMS magnetometers, which takes advantage of the solid-state configuration, small size (<62/spl times/40/spl times/14 mm), lightweight (<18 g), high reliability, low power consumption (<300 mW), rapid start-up, and relatively low cost. Using silicon surface micromachining technology, we integrate a dual-axis accelerometer and a single-axis accelerometer rather than a three-axis accelerometer to make up an orthogonal placement. The accelerometers detect the three orthogonal components of the gravity, by which the vehicle tilt including pitch and roll can be derived. Otherwise a dual-axis magnetometer and a single-axis magnetometer, which are also assembled as an orthogonal placement to measure the three components of the Earth's magnetic field, form a compass on the basis of the tilt information. The calculation method of the three attitude angles is introduced. By virtue of adopting an absolute measurement of cosines matrix conversion instead of the conventional relative integral measurement, the system exhibits an excellent long-term performance. However, there are various error sources existing in the measurement, the nonorthogonal assembling error being dominant. We analyze the representative features of this error, establish a mathematical model for it, and successfully compensate this error via arithmetic. The results of testing indicate that our azimuth-level detector can measure the freewill attitude in three-dimensional space, the measurement accuracy has achieved /spl plusmn/0.5(deg) for tilt and /spl plusmn/0.7(deg) for azimuth. It is expected that this novel miniature attitude detector will be adopted in many fields, and is especially favorable for miniature vehicles.
Persistence with overactive bladder pharmacotherapy in a Medicaid population. (2005)

Persistence rates are better for patients taking drugs with once-daily dosing, but there is a need for a better understanding of non-persistent patients.
Changing chronobiology of cardiovascular outcome following prophylaxis. (2007)

Cardiovascular events like angina, myocardial infarction and stroke have shown an increasing occurrence in the morning hours. We did this pilot nested case control study to see for any change in the time pattern of occurrence of cardiovascular events among patients on prophylaxis. A pilot study was done and the demographic characters, history of cardiovascular diseases, time of occurrence of cardiovascular event, history of drug intake and compliance were noted. Eighty four patients on prophylaxis and 135 patients presenting for the first time reported during the study period. Age did not show any significant difference. More males were getting prophylaxis for stroke and for the combined cardiovascular events. Time distribution of events showed peak occurrence between 8 to 12 hr followed by 20 to 24 hr among those who were not on prophylaxis and reverse in those on secondary prophylaxis. Odds of developing cardiovascular events though was not significantly different, was higher between 16-20 hr (1.26), 20-24 hr (1.48) and 0-4 hr (1.22) among those on prophylaxis. Seventy eight patients were taking antihypertensives. This observation demands further studies to determine the cause of evening increase in cardiovascular event especially since very little is known regarding evening exaggeration of risk factors which is becoming relevant especially in those getting prophylaxis.
Vaccination with Outer Membrane Complexes Elicits Rapid Protective Immunity to Multidrug-Resistant <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i> (2010)

Acinetobacter baumannii causes pneumonias, bacteremias, and skin and soft tissue infections, primarily in the hospitalized setting. The incidence of infections caused by A. baumannii has increased dramatically over the last 30 years, while at the same time the treatment of these infections has been complicated by the emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains. Despite these trends, no vaccines or antibody-based therapies have been developed for the prevention of A. baumannii infection. In this study, an outer membrane complex vaccine consisting of multiple surface antigens from the bacterial membrane of A. baumannii was developed and tested in a murine sepsis model. Immunization elicited humoral and cellular responses that were able to reduce postinfection bacterial loads, reduce postinfection proinflammatory cytokine levels in serum, and protect mice from infection with human clinical isolates of A. baumannii. A single administration of the vaccine was able to elicit protective immunity in as few as 6 days postimmunization. In addition, vaccine antiserum was used successfully to therapeutically rescue naïve mice with established infection. These results indicate that prophylactic vaccination and antibody-based therapies based on an outer membrane complex vaccine may be viable approaches to preventing the morbidity and mortality caused by this pathogen.
Assay-Specific Decision Limits for Two New Automated Parathyroid Hormone and 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Assays (2004)

Because clinical decision limits for both PTH and 25OHD should be assay specific, we propose equivalences between these assays and two manual assays used worldwide. These assay-specific decision limits should help potential users of the LIAISON PTH and 25OHD assays.
Duration of absorption-enhancing effect of sodium octanoate, sodium hexanoate or glycery-1-monooctanoate on rectal absorption of gentamicin in rabbits. (1990)

The duration of the absorption-enhancing effect of sodium octanoate (C8), sodium hexanoate (C6) and glyceryl-l-monooctanoate (MO) on the rectal absorption of gentamicin (GM) using the hollow-type suppository was investigated in rabbits. To evaluate the duration of the absorption-enhancing effect by pretreatment (treatment of absorption enhancer before GM administration), suppository I containing each absorption enhancer in the cavity was administered into the rectum. Then suppository II containing GM in the cavity was administered at predetermined times (0.33, 2, 6 and 24 h) after the administration of suppository I. Plasma GM levels obtained by the pretreatment with absorption enhancer were compared with those obtained by the simultaneous administration of GM with absorption enhancer. The AUC and Cmax of GM significantly decreased with the pretreatment of C8 (6 and 24 h), C6 (2 and 6 h) or MO (6 and 24 h) before rectal GM administration, as compared with the simultaneous administration of GM with C8, C6 or MO. A marked decrease in the absorption-enhancing effect of C8, C6 and MO on rectal GM absorption was observed by the prolongation of the period between the pretreatment of each absorption enhancer and GM administration. The duration of the absorption-enhancing effect of C6 was shorter than that of C8, whereas this duration of MO was similar to that of C8. The effect of these absorption enhancers disappeared 24 h after the pretreatment. These results suggested that the lowering of the membrane transport barrier function recovered about one day after the administration of C8 or MO.
Integrated Global Optimization of Displacement Efficiency in Hydrocarbon Reservoirs (2003)

Abstract In this paper, an integrated numerical technique is presented to implement global optimization of displacement efficiency in hydrocarbon reservoirs. This technique chooses the net present value (NPV) as an objective function, which accounts for production- and injection- performance as well as reservoir performance. The flowing and various artificial lifting methods are incorporated into the production performance models, which have been successfully applied in more than forty oil fields. Meanwhile, the reservoir geological model is improved by continuous monitoring and surveillance. Then the objective function is maximized to generate the optimum field production-injection strategies at different development stages using a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA). Such an integrated technique can maximize the displacement efficiency in a fixed well pattern and/or an oil field under different practical constraints. This technique is applied in a water-alternating-gas (WAG) miscible flooding reservoir, and the field performance has shown that the displacement efficiency is significantly improved and the production-injection rates are well controlled. The field water-cut remains low and stable, though the gas-oil ratio is slightly higher than the original ratio. This method can be applied to develop the optimum production- and injection- strategies in a hydrocarbon reservoir so that the displacement efficiency is maximized and the reservoir life is extended.
Definition and Characterization of a “Trypsinosome” from Specific Peptide Characteristics by Nano-HPLC−MS/MS and in Silico Analysis of Complex Protein Mixtures (2004)

Although HPLC-ESI-MS/MS is rapidly becoming an indispensable tool for the analysis of peptides in complex mixtures, the sequence coverage it affords is often quite poor. Low protein expression resulting in peptide signal intensities that fall below the limit of detection of the MS system in combination with differences in peptide ionization efficiency plays a significant role in this. A second important factor stems from differences in physicochemical properties of each peptide and how these properties relate to chromatographic retention and ultimate detection. To identify and understand those properties, we compared data from experimentally identified peptides with data from peptides predicted by in silico digest of all corresponding proteins in the experimental set. Three different complex protein mixtures extracted were used to define a training set to evaluate the amino acid retention coefficients based on linear regression analysis. The retention coefficients were also compared with other previous hydrophobic and retention scale. From this, we have constructed an empirical model that can be readily used to predict peptides that are likely to be observed on our HPLC-ESI-MS/MS system based on their physicochemical properties. Finally, we demonstrated that in silico prediction of peptides and their retention coefficients can be used to generate an inclusion list for a targeted mass spectrometric identification of low abundance proteins in complex protein samples. This approach is based on experimentally derived data to calibrate the method and therefore may theoretically be applied to any HPLC-MS/MS system on which data are being generated.
Enhancement in Skin Permeation of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid Using<i>l</i>-Menthol and its Derivatives (2008)

Enhancing effect of l-menthol and its derivatives, l-menthyl formate, l-menthyl acetate, and l-menthyl propionate, on skin permeation of 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) through Yucatan micropig full-thickness skin was investigated using a Franz-type diffusion cell. ALA solutions were prepared using ethanol-water mixed solvents with l-menthol or the derivative. Skin permeation coefficients (Kp) of ALA with more than 3.0 wt% of l-menthol was significantly larger than that without l-menthol. In addition, Kp of ALA with the derivative increased as follows: l-menthol approximately l-menthyl propionate < l-menthyl formate < l-menthyl acetate. These results suggest that l-menthol and the derivative are effective to enhance ALA skin permeation.
Human<i>Clostridium difficile</i>infection: inhibition of NHE3 and microbiota profile (2015)

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is principally responsible for hospital acquired, antibiotic-induced diarrhea and colitis and represents a significant financial burden on our healthcare system. Little is known about C. difficile proliferation requirements, and a better understanding of these parameters is critical for development of new therapeutic targets. In cell lines, C. difficile toxin B has been shown to inhibit Na(+)/H(+) exchanger 3 (NHE3) and loss of NHE3 in mice results in an altered intestinal environment coupled with a transformed gut microbiota composition. However, this has yet to be established in vivo in humans. We hypothesize that C. difficile toxin inhibits NHE3, resulting in alteration of the intestinal environment and gut microbiota. Our results demonstrate that CDI patient biopsy specimens have decreased NHE3 expression and CDI stool has elevated Na(+) and is more alkaline compared with stool from healthy individuals. CDI stool microbiota have increased Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria and decreased Firmicutes phyla compared with healthy subjects. In vitro, C. difficile grows optimally in the presence of elevated Na(+) and alkaline pH, conditions that correlate to changes observed in CDI patients. To confirm that inhibition of NHE3 was specific to C. difficile, human intestinal organoids (HIOs) were injected with C. difficile or healthy and CDI stool supernatant. Injection of C. difficile and CDI stool decreased NHE3 mRNA and protein expression compared with healthy stool and control HIOs. Together these data demonstrate that C. difficile inhibits NHE3 in vivo, which creates an altered environment favored by C. difficile.
PDM vs. Turbodrill: A Drilling Comparison (1984)

ABSTRACT This study was undertaken to investigate and compare the two most prevalent down-hole motor types, Positive-Displacement and Turbodrill. The intent of this comparison was to evaluate the technical and operational performance characteristics and present them in a manner to aid the drilling contractor or drilling engineer in determining the best down-hole motor for a specific drilling application. Each type of drilling tool utilizing either power source possesses unique characteristics which can be tailored to the overall system to optimize the target objective; increase ROP at less cost.
Fixed drug eruptions: evidence for a cytokine‐mediated process (1991)

Fixed drug eruptions (FDE) are immunologic reactions to drugs which produce erythematous plaques or blisters that characteristically recur at the same cutaneous sites with repeated antigenic challenges. While a detailed pathogenesis of these lesions remains obscure, T-lymphocyte infiltration has been documented repeatedly. In this study, we tried to determine if FDE were mediated, at least in part, by cytokines, such as gamma-interferon. We examined biopsies from 6 cases of clinically well-documented FDE with an HLA-DR antibody, LN3, and an antibody to gamma IP-10 (IP-10), a protein expressed by keratinocytes, monocytes, lymphocytes and endothelial cells following exposure to gamma-interferon. We found staining of the dermal lymphocytes with anti-HLA-DR antibody in all 6 cases examined. Keratinocytes and endothelial cells showed only focal staining at the antibody concentrations used. In addition, there was keratinocyte staining with the IP-10 antibody at all levels of the epidermis, with accentuation in areas of blister formation. There was more intense staining of keratinocytes with the IP-10 antibody in cases with accumulations of HLA-DR positive lymphocytes in the dermis. We believe that these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that FDE represent cell-mediated immunologic responses to a variety of antigens, and further, that the histologic alterations can be explained, at least in part, by a cytokine-mediated process.
The Molecular Mechanism Underlying the Proliferating and Preconditioning Effect of Vitamin C on Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (2014)

Although adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) show promise for cell therapy, there is a tremendous need for developing ASC activators. In the present study, we investigated whether or not vitamin C increases the survival, proliferation, and hair-regenerative potential of ASCs. In addition, we tried to find the molecular mechanisms underlying the vitamin C-mediated stimulation of ASCs. Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) is expressed in ASCs, and mediates uptake of vitamin C into ASCs. Vitamin C increased the survival and proliferation of ASCs in a dose-dependent manner. Vitamin C increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation, and inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway attenuated the proliferation of ASCs. Microarray and quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that vitamin C primarily upregulated expression of proliferation-related genes, including Fos, E2F2, Ier2, Mybl1, Cdc45, JunB, FosB, and Cdca5, whereas Fos knock-down using siRNA significantly decreased vitamin C-mediated ASC proliferation. In addition, vitamin C-treated ASCs accelerated the telogen-to-anagen transition in C3H/HeN mice, and conditioned medium from vitamin C-treated ASCs increased the hair length and the Ki67-positive matrix keratinocytes in hair organ culture. Vitamin C increased the mRNA expression of HGF, IGFBP6, VEGF, bFGF, and KGF, which may mediate hair growth promotion. In summary, vitamin C is transported via SVCT2, and increased ASC proliferation is mediated by the MAPK pathway. In addition, vitamin C preconditioning enhanced the hair growth promoting effect of ASCs. Because vitamin C is safe and effective, it could be used to increase the yield and regenerative potential of ASCs.
Atypical toxin variant of Clostridium botulinum type B associated with infant botulism (1981)

An atypical toxin variant of Clostridium botulinum (strain 657) was isolated from the feces of a 6-week-old female infant whose symptoms and clinical history were consistent with infant botulism. Toxin detected in the feces and the toxin produced by isolates from the feces and from two rectal swabs could be neutralized by type B botulinal antitoxin only at very high ratios of of antitoxin to toxin in the neutralization mixture. One international unit of type B antitoxin neutralized only about 10 lethal doses of 657 toxin as compared with approximately 10,000 lethal doses of conventional type B toxin from the Beans strain. Antitoxin prepared against 657 toxin was 10 times more effective against the conventional toxin than against the homologous toxin. Toxoid-antitoxin-binding studies indicate that both 657 toxin and type B toxin are heterogeneous and that both toxins may contain the same molecular variants, but that the proportions of the variants are different in each.
Multiple emulsions : technology and applications (2008)

1. Multiple Emulsion Stability: Pressure Balance and Interfacial Film Strength by J. Jiao and DJ Burgess 2. Structure and Rheology of Stable Multiple Emulsions by P. Perrin, F. Prigent, and Ph. H'ebraud 3. Visualization of Stability and Transport in Double Emulsions by Louise Braud Lawson and Kyriakos Papadopoulos 4. Effect of an Oil-insoluble Solute on the Stability of Multiple Water-Oil-Water Emulsions by Mouhcine Kanouni and Henri Rosano 5. Multiple Emulsions Stabilized by Biopolymers by Rachel Lutz and Abraham Aserin 6. Recent Developments in Manufacturing Particulate Products from Double Emulsion Templates Using Membrane and Microfluidic Devices by Goran T. Vladisavljevic and Richard A. Williams 7. Recent Developments in O/W/O Multiple Emulsions by A. Benichou and A. Aserin 8. Potentialities of W/O/W Multiple Emulsions in Drug Delivery and Detoxification by Jean-Louis Grossiord and Moncef Stambouli 9. Surface-Modified Fine Multiple Emulsions for Anticancer Drug Delivery by Ajay J. Khopade and N.K. Jain 10. Application of Emulsion Technology to Transarterial Injection Chemotherapy for Hepatocellular Carcinoma Using Double Emulsion Enclosing Vesicles of Anticancer-Drug Solution by Shushi Higashi 11. Lipiodol W/O/W Emulsion for Transcatheter Arterial Embolization Therapy Prepared with Two-step Pumping Emulsification Method by Tomoaki Hino and Takayuki Ohwaki 12. Multiple Emulsions: Delivery System for Antigens by Asuman Bozkir and Ongun Mehmet Saka
Sulfate Content of Carrageenan and Agar Determined by Infrared Spectroscopy (1986)

International audience
An open-source cryptographic coprocessor (2000)

Current crypto implementations rely on software running under general-purpose operating systems alongside a horde of untrusted applications, ActiveX controls, webbrowser plugins, mailers handling messages with embedded active content, and numerous other threats to security, with only the OS&apos;s (often almost nonexistant) security to keep the two apart. This paper presents a general-purpose open-source crypto coprocessor capable of securely performing crypto operations such as key management, certificatecreation andhandling,andemailencryption,decryption,and signing, at a cost one to two orders of magnitude below that of commercial equivalents while providing generally equivalent performance and a higher level of functionality. The paper examines various issues involved in designing the coprocessor, and explores options for hardware acceleration of crypto operations for extended performance above and beyond that offered by the basic coprocessor&apos;s COTS hardware.
The stability of LDPC codes over GF(q) with higher order modulation schemes (2010)

In this paper, we derive stability conditions for nonbinary low-density-parity-check (LDPC) codes with Gray mapped M-ary phase-shift keying (M-PSK) and M-ary quadrate-amplitude-modulation (M-QAM) constellations. The stability of the GF (q) LDPC decoder with higher order modulation schemes is examined on both additive-white-Gaussian-noise (AWGN) and block Rayleigh fading channels and threshold stability conditions under iterative decoding are obtained using density evolution techniques. It is shown that both on block Rayleigh fading channel when the ideal channel state information (CSI) of the fading process is known, and on AWGN channel, the stability condition of the underlying code is bounded by the Bhattacharya noise parameter. We show that the derived stability condition is both sufficient and necessary condition for iterative belief propagation decoding assuming cycle free massage passing between variable and check nodes. The evolution of stability condition is assessed over several finite fields for M-PSK and M-QAM constellations. This study provides an analytical framework to evaluate the performance bounds of both binary and nonbinary LDPC coded systems that extend over higher order modulation schemes.
Making Ends Meet: Chemically Mediated Circularization of Recombinant Proteins (2013)

A selective N→S acyl transfer reaction facilitates semi-synthesis of the plant cyclotide kalata B1 from a linear precursor peptide of bacterial origin, through simple appendage of N-terminal cysteine and a thiol-labile C-terminal Gly-Cys motif. This constitutes the first synthesis of a ribosomally derived circular miniprotein, without recourse to protein splicing elements.