gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Curd and whey proteins in the nutrition of low birthweight babies. (1979)

Some animals thrive more satisfactorily on a milk that contains whey and curd protein. For this reason human milk protein (which contains about 40% whey) may have some advantages over cows' milk protein (which contains about 15% whey) and so infants feeding formulae based on demineralised whey in which the protein has been modified to achieve a curd:whey ratio similar to that in human milk may also thrive more satisfactorily. As the exact situation in the human newborn is unclear, the effects of feeding a formula containing unmodified cows' milk protein (mainly curd) and one containing the same amount of modified cows' milk protein (curd and whey) were studied in 57 low birthweight babies during the first 3 months of life. During the early weeks of life the curd and whey group grew bigger, absorbed more nitrogen, and excreted proportionately less urea. These results suggest that a curd and whey formula has advantages in the protein nutrition of low birthweight babies, especially the preterm ones. We feel it would be unwise to reduce the protein content of a formula based on cows' milk below 15 g/1 unless it was modified to achieve a larger proportion of whey protein and hence, among other qualities, more cysteine. Although some of the qualities of human milk protein can be mimicked by the use of demineralised whey formulae, others cannot.
Halothane hepatotoxicity and the reduced derivative, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane. (1977)

Halothane (1,1,1-trifluoro-2-bromo-2-chloroethane) is a safe, clinically useful inhalation anesthetic. Rare, unpredictable cases of liver necrosis have been reported following its use. Although the mechanism of this reaction in man is unknown the most plausible is biotransformation to reactive intermediates compounds. The oxidative metabolism of halothane appears to be benign. There is early evidence that reductive (nonoxygen dependent) may be harmful. Since the bromine atom of halothane appears to possess weak bond energy, the reduced, debrominated derivative of halothane, 1,1,1-trifluoro-2-chloroethane, was synthesized and tested for hepatotoxicity in the rat. The derivative is unstable and thus was prepared anaerobically and trapped in propylene glycol solvent. Injection of small amounts of this compound into the portal vein of rats produces extensive liver necrosis. It is postulated that biotransformation of halothane via a reductive pathway could produce this reactive intermediate metabolite.
The Design and Testing of the Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (1992)

The Navy Operational Global Atmospheric Prediction System (NOGAPS) has proven itself to be competitive with any of the large forecast models run by the large operational forecast centers around the world. The navy depends on NOGAPS for an astonishingly wide range of applications, from ballistic winds in the stratosphere to air-sea fluxes to drive ocean general circulation models. Users of these applications will benefit from a better understanding of how a system such as NOGAPS is developed, what physical assumptions and compromises have been made, and what they can reasonably expect in the future as the system continues to evolve. The discussions will be equally relevant for users of products from other large forecast centers, e.g., National Meteorological Center, European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts. There is little difference in the scientific basis of the models and the development methodologies used for their development. However, the operational priorities of each center and their computer hardware and software environments often dictate what compromises are made and how model-based research is conducted. In this paper, NOGAPS will serve as the basis for discussing these issues and the art of numerical weather prediction model development.
Immunohistochemical expression of tissue polypeptide specific (TPS) antigen in normal and neoplastic tissues. (1994)

TPS was determined by immunohistochemistry in 44 different tissues (normal and pathological) from various organs such as cervix, endometrium, breast, stomach, bowel and bladder. TPS was expressed in several physiologic situations: in different phases of the endometrial cycle and in cervical metaplasia. In other organs such as the breast and the bladder this antigen shows its highest expression in invasive neoplasias. Therefore, it could be utilized in the follow-up of these neoplasias.
Well differentiated thyroid cancer (2003)

Cancers of follicular cell origin are the most common of the endocrine malignancies. Thyroid cancers are seen with increased frequency after radiation exposure and in some familial syndromes. Interestingly, the prognosis of thyroid carcinoma is highly dependent on the age of the patient at the time of examination: several clinical staging systems facilitate appropriate treatment planning. The ability of the follicular cell to take up iodine permits the use of radioactive iodine for follow-up and therapy. After thyroidectomy and radioiodine ablation, thyroglobulin becomes a sensitive marker for the presence of recurrent or metastatic disease. Patients who are thyroglobulin-positive but radioiodine-negative or who have antithyroglobulin antibodies are a clinical challenge. Improvement in imaging studies can help in the treatment of these patients. New treatments, such as the use of agents to improve iodine uptake in follicular cell tumors, are in early clinical investigation; others are in experimental development but hold promise for the treatment of aggressive thyroid malignancies.
Aspects of forces on charged particles in electrostatic precipitators (1972)

An electrostatic precipitator comprises a number of electrodes whose geometry, hopefully, has optimum corona generation properties. Flue gas flowing through the interelectrode space is ionised and corona currents are distributed over the earthed receiving electrode. Solid particles in the gas being charged, are accelerated to the receiving electrode where they deposit in layers. In tliis dissertation, the basic processes of gas ionisation; particle charging, collection and final disposal, are reviewed and some problem areas identified. The word "particle" in the thesis title is used in a broad sense to include both solid dust particles and ions.
A simulation study of adaptive reception schemes for high-density digital magnetic storage (1991)

At high information densities, digital magnetic recording systems may be seriously hampered by channel imperfections such as intersymbol interference, noise, fading, nonlinearities, crosstalk, and overwrite noise. For such compound disturbance constellations, theoretical analysis of receiver performances becomes difficult. As an alternative, the digitized output signal of an experimental high-density digital videotape recorder is used to compare various promising receiver types by simulation. Apart from adaptive versions of the linear and decision feedback equalizers, adaptive variants of the Viterbi detector are studied, including new ones with resistance to nonlinearities and channel fading. Improvements of up to about 5 dB in effective signal-to-noise ratio over nonadaptive linear equalization are found to be within reach under worst-case operating conditions.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The .alpha.-Conotoxins GI and MI Distinguish between the Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Agonist Sites while SI Does Not (1994)

The alpha-conotoxins are paralytic peptide toxins from Indo-Pacific cone snails. This paper presents a detailed analysis of how alpha-conotoxins inhibit [125I]-alpha-bungarotoxin (125I-BTX) equilibrium binding to the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) from electric organ of Torpedo californica and Torpedo nobiliana. All three alpha-conotoxins studied, SI, GI, and MI, completely inhibited 125I-BTX binding with the same order of potency in both species (MI approximately GI > SI approximately d-tubocurarine). BTX-concentration curves showed that this inhibition is competitive. However, while SI appeared to bind to a homogeneous population of sites, both GI and MI displayed curare-like heterogeneous binding. Studies using partially-blocked AChR demonstrated that both GI and MI display different affinities toward the two agonist sites, much like small curariform antagonists do. The high-affinity site for these two alpha-conotoxins is also the high-affinity d-tubocurarine site, which is believed to be located at the alpha gamma-subunit interface. The high-affinity binding of MI and GI was of the same order of magnitude as that of d-tubocurarine; however, their affinity for the other agonist site was somewhat greater than that of dTC, resulting in less site selectivity. Despite being homologous to GI and MI, SI did not distinguish between the two sites. A possible molecular basis for this difference is presented.
Statistically designed enzymatic hydrolysis for optimized production of icariside II as a novel melanogenesis inhibitor. (2008)

Three kinds of prenylated flavonols, icariside I, icariside II, and icaritin, were isolated from an icariin hydrolysate and their effects on melanogenesis evaluated based on mushroom tyrosinase inhibition and quantifying the melanin contents in melanocytes. Although none of the compounds had an effect on tyrosinase activity, icariside II and icaritin both effectively inhibited the melanin contents with an IC50 of 10.53 and 11.13 MM, respectively. Whereas icariside II was obtained from a reaction with beta-glucosidase and cellulase, the icariin was not completely converted into icariside II. Thus, for the high-purity production of icariside II, the reaction was optimized using the response surface methodology, where an enzyme concentration of 5.0 mg/ml, pH 7, 37.5 degrees C;, and 8 h reaction time were selected as the central conditions for the central composite design (CCD) for the enzymatic hydrolysis of icariin into icariside II using cellulase. Empirical models were developed to describe the relationships between the operating factors and the response (icariside II yield). A statistical analysis indicated that all four factors had a significant effect (p<0.01) on the icariside II production. The coefficient of determination (R2) was good for the model (0.9853), and the optimum production conditions for icariside II was an enzyme concentration of 7.5 mg/ml, pH 5, 50 degrees C, and 12 h reaction time. A good agreement between the predicted and experimental data under the designed optimal conditions confirmed the usefulness of the model. A laboratory pilot scale was also successful.
Physiological responses of horses to 24 hours of transportation using a commercial van during summer conditions. (2000)

Fifteen mature horses (mares, n = 6); geldings, n = 9) were used to assess the physiological responses of 24 h of transport in a commercial van under California summer conditions. The study was conducted on four consecutive days, and data were collected on d 1 and d 2 to obtain baseline values and to determine any diurnal variation in the individual measurements. Travel commenced on d 3 at 0800 for 24 h, with a total of 1,622 km traveled. Blood samples were collected at 0800, 1100, 1400, 2000, and 0200 each day. Horses were weighed and rectal temperatures recorded at 0800 each day and at 2000 each day except d 3. Body weight, rectal temperature, serum cortisol, serum lactate, and white blood cell (WBC) counts exhibited diurnal variation (P = .0001) on d 1 and d 2. Body weight immediately after unloading showed a 6% loss. At 24 h following transit, a 3% deficiency in body weight loss remained. The WBC counts showed a progressive increase with duration of travel and peaked at the termination of transport. Dehydration measures of hematocrit and total protein increased during transport and returned to baseline during the posttransport period. Serum concentrations of lactate, creatine kinase and aspartate aminotransferase increased during transport and in the early posttransit period, but returned to baseline values at the conclusion of the 24-h posttransport period. Glucose concentration increased with the initiation of transport and did not decrease to baseline concentration at the end of the 24-h posttransport period. Plasma cortisol and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio increased with duration of transit and returned to baseline during the posttransport period. These data clearly showed physiological responses of horses undergoing 24 h of transport including changes in muscle metabolism, stress indices, dehydration and immune parameters, and body weight. These responses may increase disease susceptibility and influence energy availability for athletic performance following long-term transport of horses.
Transcriptional Profile of Tuberculosis Antigen–Specific T Cells Reveals Novel Multifunctional Features (2014)

In latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) spread of the bacteria is contained by a persistent immune response, which includes CD4(+) T cells as important contributors. In this study we show that TB-specific CD4(+) T cells have a characteristic chemokine expression signature (CCR6(+)CXCR3(+)CCR4(-)), and that the overall number of these cells is significantly increased in LTBI donors compared with healthy subjects. We have comprehensively characterized the transcriptional signature of CCR6(+)CXCR3(+)CCR4(-) cells and found significant differences to conventional Th1, Th17, and Th2 cells, but no major changes between healthy and LTBI donors. CCR6(+)CXCR3(+)CCR4(-) cells display lineage-specific signatures of both Th1 and Th17 cells, but also have a unique gene expression program, including genes associated with susceptibility to TB, enhanced T cell activation, enhanced cell survival, and induction of a cytotoxic program akin to CTL cells. Overall, the gene expression signature of CCR6(+)CXCR3(+)CCR4(-) cells reveals characteristics important for controlling latent TB infections.
SizeNet: Weakly Supervised Learning of Visual Size and Fit in Fashion Images (2019)

Finding clothes that fit is a hot topic in the e-commerce fashion industry. Most approaches addressing this problem are based on statistical methods relying on historical data of articles purchased and returned to the store. Such approaches suffer from the cold start problem for the thousands of articles appearing on the shopping platforms everyday, for which no prior purchase history is available. We propose to employ visual data to infer size and fit characteristics of fashion articles. We introduce SizeNet, a weakly supervised teacher-student training framework that leverages the power of statistical models combined with the rich visual information from article images to learn visual cues for size and fit characteristics, capable of tackling the challenging cold start problem. Detailed experiments are performed on thousands of textile garments, including dresses, trousers, knitwear, tops, etc. from hundreds of different brands.
Practical performance of several data driven bandwidth selectors (1992)

Most recently proposed bandwidth selectors in kernel density estimation have been developed with intent to reduce the large sampling variability of Least Squares Cross-Validation. Their asymptotic superiority has been shown in many papers. Some of those selectors have even the fastest n-1/ 2 relative rate of convergence to their theoretical optimum. The aim of this paper is to see what is happening for small sample sizes. Several recently proposed methods of bandwidth selection are considered. These methods are compared to Least Squares Cross-Validation through simulations. Some qualitative measures of performance as well as quantitative ones are used for this comparison. It is seen that, while most of the bandwidth selectors gain some in terms of variance reduction, some of them lose a lot in terms of increased bias resulting in inferior overall performance when compared to Least Squares Cross-Validation.
IC Postprocessing Stage for Random Number Generators and an Alternative Design Methodology (2011)

This paper explains post processing techniques used in random number generators. Popular post processing techniques have been reviewed and integrated by using HHNEC's 0.25 um eFlash process with a supply voltage of 2.5V. Furthermore these post processing techniques are compared with each other in point of throughput, simplicity, area occupation and power consumption. An alternative design methodology is also presented for random number generation which considers its underlying entropy source instead of blindly applying complicated post processing techniques. Then, introduced design methodology, which provides sufficient output randomness without any further post-processing necessity, is compared with other implementations. High-performance random number generators can be realized in the light of this design methodology.
Self-complementary AAV Virus (scAAV) Safe and Long-term Gene Transfer in the Trabecular Meshwork of Living Rats and Monkeys (2010)

The scAAV viral vector provides prolonged and safe transduction in the trabecular meshwork of rats and monkeys. The stable expression and safe properties of this vector could facilitate the development of trabecular meshwork drugs for gene therapy for glaucoma.
New signs characteristic of myocardial bridging demonstrated by intracoronary ultrasound and Doppler (1999)

Myocardial bridging is characterized by the following morphological and functional signs: a specific, echolucent half moon phenomenon over the bridge segment, which exists throughout the cardiac cycle; systolic compression of the bridge segment of the coronary artery; accelerated flow velocity at early diastole (finger-tip phenomenon); no or reduced systolic antegrade flow; decreased diastolic/systolic velocity ratio; retrograde flow in the proximal segment, which is provoked and enhanced by nitroglycerin injection.
Statistical Fault Injection (2008)

A method for statistical fault injection (SFI) into arbitrary latches within a full system hardware-emulated model is validated against particle-beam-accelerated SER testing for a modern microprocessor. As performed on the IBM POWER6 microprocessor, SFI is capable of distinguishing between error handling states associated with the injected bit flip. Methodologies to perform random and targeted fault injection are presented.
BACTERICIDAL PROPERTIES OF MONOETHERS OF DIHYDRIC PHENOLS. II. THE MONOETHERS OF HYDROQUINONE (1932)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTBACTERICIDAL PROPERTIES OF MONOETHERS OF DIHYDRIC PHENOLS. II. THE MONOETHERS OF HYDROQUINONEEmil Klarmann, Louis W. Gatyas, and Vladimir A. ShternovCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1932, 54, 1, 298–305Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1932Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 January 1932https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01340a045https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01340a045research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views375Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Early intervention in patients at ultra high risk of psychosis: benefits and risks (2009)

At the present time, the data concerning the benefits and risks do not justify prodromal intervention as standard clinical practice.
Toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms (2019)

In this era of high-throughput biology, bioinformatics has become a major discipline for making sense out of large-scale datasets. Bioinformatics is usually considered as a practical field developing databases and software tools for supporting other fields, rather than a fundamental scientific discipline for uncovering principles of biology. The KEGG resource that we have been developing is a reference knowledge base for biological interpretation of genome sequences and other high-throughput data. It is now one of the most utilized biological databases because of its practical values. For me personally, KEGG is a step toward understanding the origin and evolution of cellular organisms.
Study of a multilevel approach to partitioning for parallel logic simulation (2002)

Parallel simulation techniques are often employed to meet the computational requirements of large hardware simulations in order to reduce simulation time. In addition, partitioning for parallel simulations has been shown to be vital for achieving higher simulation throughput. This paper presents the results of our partitioning studies conducted on an optimistic-parallel logic simulation framework based on the time warp synchronization protocol. The paper also presents the design and implementation of a new partitioning algorithm based on a multilevel heuristic, developed as a part of this study. The multilevel algorithm attempts to balance load, maximize concurrency, and reduce inter-processor communication in three phases to improve performance. The experimental results obtained from our benchmarks indicate that the multilevel algorithm yields better partitions than other partitioning algorithms included in the study.
Towards a business continuity information network for rapid disaster recovery (2008)

Crisis Management and Disaster Recovery have gained immense importance in the wake of recent man and nature inflicted calamities such as the terrorist attacks of September 11th 2001 and hurricanes/earthquakes i.e. Katrina (2005), Wilma (2005) and Indian Ocean Tsunami (2004). Most of the recent work has been conducted for crisis management under terrorist attacks and emergency management services under natural disasters with private business continuity and disaster recovery a secondary concern. In this paper, we propose a model for pre-disaster preparation and post-disaster business continuity/rapid recovery. The model is utilized to design and develop a web based prototype of our Business Continuity Information Network (BCIN) system facilitating collaboration among local, state, federal agencies and the business community for rapid disaster recovery. We present our model and prototype with Hurricane Wilma as the case study.
9-cis-retinoic acid inhibits activation-driven T-cell apoptosis: implications for retinoid X receptor involvement in thymocyte development. (1993)

Retinoic acid is a morphogenetic signaling molecule derived from vitamin A and involved in vertebrate development. Two groups of receptors, retinoic acid receptors and retinoid X receptors (RXRs), have been identified. All-trans-retinoic acid is the high-affinity ligand for retinoic acid receptors, and 9-cis-retinoic acid additionally binds RXRs with high affinity. Here we report that although retinoic acid has little inhibitory effect on activation-induced T-cell proliferation, it specifically prevents activation-induced apoptosis of T-cell hybridomas and antigen-specific deletion of immature CD4+CD8+ thymocytes from alpha beta T-cell receptor transgenic mice. 9-cis-Retinoic acid was approximately 10-fold more potent than all-trans-retinoic acid, suggesting that RXRs participate in this process. Thus, although 9-cis-retinoic acid has little immuno-suppressive activity, it is a potent negative regulator of activation-induced T-cell apoptosis, raising the possibility that RXRs may take part in regulating T-cell development.