gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Direct Muscle Delivery of GDNF With Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Improves Motor Neuron Survival and Function in a Rat Model of Familial ALS (2008)

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease in which there is a progressive loss of motor neurons and their connections to muscle, leading to paralysis. In order to maintain muscle connections in a rat model of familial ALS (FALS), we performed intramuscular transplantation with human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) used as "Trojan horses" to deliver growth factors to the terminals of motor neurons and to the skeletal muscles. hMSCs engineered to secrete glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (hMSC-GDNF) were transplanted bilaterally into three muscle groups. The cells survived within the muscle, released GDNF, and significantly increased the number of neuromuscular connections and motor neuron cell bodies in the spinal cord at mid-stages of the disease. Further, intramuscular transplantation with hMSC-GDNF was found to ameliorate motor neuron loss within the spinal cord where it connects with the limb muscles receiving transplants. While disease onset was similar in all the animals, hMSC-GDNF significantly delayed disease progression, increasing overall lifespan by up to 28 days, which is one of the largest effects on survival noted for this rat model of FALS. This preclinical data provides a novel and practical approach toward ex vivo gene therapy for ALS.
A review of further training for GP appraisers in Scotland (2010)

A one-day further intensive skills (FIS) course has been developed to provide additional training for existing general practitioner (GP) appraisers in Scotland. The course focuses on skills in developing the appraisee's personal development portfolio (PDP) and skills in responding to significant issues (with emotional content) presented by appraisees - both key areas for effective appraisals. The course is briefly described. An initial pilot of the course led to some changes being made to the content, as it was discovered that the inclusion of training on Summary Form completion in the pilot made the course too dense and distracted from the experiential elements of the training. Two subsequent course deliveries were evaluated by conducting semi-structured interviews with over 40% of the participants from these two courses. The main purpose of the evaluation was to discover to what extent the participants felt they had benefited from the training and whether they felt the training had led to any changes in their practice as appraisers. Secondary aims were to discover the acceptability of the use of video recording as a training technique and views regarding a reaccreditation process for appraisers. Key findings were that almost all participants found this training beneficial and judged it to have led to positive changes in their practice, as well as reassuring them that their skills were up to scratch. Some appraisers felt that it had encouraged a slightly more challenging approach. The acceptability of the use of video recording during the training, as a means of allowing participants to gain further benefit from the work undertaken after the course was finished, was tested. This technique received a mixed response, with opinion divided as to whether it added value. Opinion amongst the participants was also mixed regarding whether this training should contribute towards their reaccreditation as appraisers. However, a number of participants felt this could be a valid element in an appraiser reaccreditation process.
Study of Multi-level Characteristics for 3D Vertical Resistive Switching Memory (2014)

Three-dimensional (3D) integration and multi-level cell (MLC) are two attractive technologies to achieve ultra-high density for mass storage applications. In this work, a three-layer 3D vertical AlOδ/Ta2O5-x/TaOy resistive random access memories were fabricated and characterized. The vertical cells in three layers show good uniformity and high performance (e.g. >1000X HRS/LRS windows, >10(10) endurance cycles, >10(4) s retention times at 125°C). Meanwhile, four level MLC is demonstrated with two operation strategies, current controlled scheme (CCS) and voltage controlled scheme (VCS). The switching mechanism of 3D vertical RRAM cells is studied based on temperature-dependent transport characteristics. Furthermore, the applicability of CCS and VCS in 3D vertical RRAM array is compared using resistor network circuit simulation.
THE ATOM AND THE ENERGY REVOLUTION. By Norman Lansdell. New York: Philosophical Library, Inc., 1958. 200 pp. $6.00 (1959)

Journal Article The Atom and the Energy Revolution. By Norman Lansdell. New York: Philosophical Library, Inc., 1958. 200 pp. $6.00 Get access Francis R. Allen Francis R. Allen Florida State University Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Social Forces, Volume 38, Issue 2, December 1959, Pages 173–174, https://doi.org/10.2307/2573948 Published: 01 December 1959
LIGHT POLARIZER BASED ON ANISOTROPIC NEMATIC GEL WITH ELECTRICALLY CONTROLLED ANISOTROPY OF SCATTERING (2004)

A new kind of polarizer with electrically controlled efficiency of polarization is demonstrated, which is based on anisotropically scattering domain structures in polymer stabilized nematic liquid crystals. Structural, electro-optical and light polarization characteristics of such elements are investigated.
New PHO (physician hospital organization) concept eliminates middleman. (1992)

Four Denver-area hospitals are adding a new twist to the physician hospital organization concept, banding together to form "The Healthcare Initiative." This new coalition provides these independent institutions with the cost-containment and physician-control benefits of PHOs, while allowing a wider geographical service area. Such arrangements, however, require special information systems planning.
MgFeSiO4 prepared via a molten salt method as a new cathode material for rechargeable magnesium batteries (2011)

Well-crystallized MgFeSiO4 microparticles were synthesized at different temperatures by a simple molten salt method using KCl flux. As a new cathode for rechargeable magnesium batteries, the material shows a reversible Mg2+ intercalation-deintercalation process. In 0.25 mol/L Mg(AlCl2EtBu)2/THF electrolyte, MgFeSiO4 synthesized at 900°C can deliver a 125.1 mAh/g initial discharge capacity and a 91.4% capacity retention on the 20th cycle at a rate of 0.1C (about 15.6 mA/g). The results show that MgFeSiO4 could be a good host for Mg2+ intercalation, and a potential cathode material for high-energy rechargeable magnesium batteries.
Performance evaluation of the factor Graph CPM phase discriminator decoder with canonical messages and modulo mean updates (2008)

The paper addresses the CPM class of the modulation passing through the parametric channel with the factor graph decoding inherently coping with the channel pa-rameter. The combination of the discrete channel symbols with continuous valued channel parameter leads generally to complex mixture densities difficult to cope in the sum-product algorithm message updates in the factor graph. We attack the problem by, first, performing the factor graph operations in phase-space domain, and, second, by defining proper canonical densities described by a limited set of parameters. We derive proper factor and variable node update rules respecting the modulo 2*pi nature of the phase operations. We evaluate the error rate performance and compare it against the brute-force marginalization rules. I.
Classification of fingerprint images using a neural network (1992)

Abstract Fingerprints are an effective means of identifying individuals, and several fingerprint comparison systems have already been developed. However, since it becomes difficult to recognize fingerprints with ease as the number and diversity of fingerprint patterns increases, it becomes desirable to create an efficient database for fingerprint matching with the goal of developing an automatic fingerprint classification system. Here an automatic classification system is imposed for fingerprint images in which the discrimination system is a multilayer neural network composed of five subnetworks to carry out macrofeature extraction on the fingerprint image. A total of 50 training examples, 10 per category, and 500 testing samples were presented to the network. According to the obtained results, the network achieved an 86 percent classification rate for the first candidate and a 99 percent classification rate for the first two candidates. The state of the network was analyzed after training, and the reasons for the system effectiveness and its classification error were studied.
Use of a distant reporter group as evidence for a conformational change in a sensory receptor. (1977)

A highly sensitive method for demonstrating ligand-induced conformational changes in protein molecules in solution is described. The method utilizes an environmentally sensitive reporter group that is known to be distant from the active site. In the present application a conformational change is demonstrated in the galactose receptor of Salmonella typhimurium, involved in bacterial sensing and transport, by means of an extrinsic fluorophore, 5-iodoacetamidofluorescein, attached at a single methionine residue, and the intrinsic tryptophan fluorophore. Binding of the ligand galactose perturbs the microenvironment of both the fluorescein and tryptophan, as shown by both spectral and potassium iodide quenching changes. The distance between the two dyes is established by fluorescence energy transfer methods to be 41 +/- 10A. Since only one molecule of galactose binds per molecule of receptor and since the galactose molecule is only about 5 A in length, changes at one of these sites reflect the result of an indirect effect. Hence, there must be a ligand-induced conformational change that is propagated a minimum of 30 A through the receptor molecule.
Deposition of zinc ferrite (Zn<i>x</i>Fe3−<i>x</i>O4) films by pulsed laser evaporation process (1989)

Zinc ferrite (ZnxFe3−xO4) films have been deposited on a single-crystal Al2O3 substrate by pulsed ruby laser-induced vaporization from a sintered ZnFe2O4 pellet. The film structure has been determined by small-angle x-ray diffraction measurements, and the film morphology by scanning electron microscopy. The microstructural features have been brought out by conversion electron Mössbauer spectroscopy. The dependence of the film properties on the oxygen partial pressure and substrate temperature during deposition is studied to explore optimized conditions for deposition of near single-phase stoichiometric films.
On the reduction of the cost for encoding/decoding digital images stored on synthetic DNA (2019)

International audience
Induction of systemic acquired resistance in cucumber by <i>Pseudomonas syringae</i> pv. <i>syringae</i> 61 HrpZ<sub>Pss</sub> protein (1996)

Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) is an inducible plant defense response and is effective against a broad spectrum of pathogens. Biological induction of SAR usually follows plant cell death resulting from the plant hypersensitive response (HR) elicited by an avirulent pathogen or from disease necrosis caused by a virulent pathogen. The elicitation of the HR and disease necroses by pathogenic bacteria is controlled by hrp genes. Previously, it was shown that the Pseudomonas syringae 61 (Pss61) HrpZ Pss protein (formally harpin Pss ) elicited the HR in plants. In this study, it is shown that HrpZ Pss induced SAR in cucumber to diverse pathogens, including the anthracnose fungus ( Colletotrichum lagenarium ), tobacco necrosis virus and the bacterial angular leaf spot bacterium ( P. s. pv. lachrymans ). A hrpH mutant of Pss61, which is defective in the secretion of HrpZ Pss and, possibly, other protein elicitors, failed to elicit SAR. Pathogenesis‐related (PR) proteins, including peroxidase, β‐glucanase and chitinases, were induced in cucumber plants inoculated with Pss61, C. lagenarium or HrpZ Pss . The induction patterns of PR proteins by HrpZ Pss and Pss61 were the same, but were different from that induced by C. lagenarium . Interestingly, the hrpH mutant induced two of the three identified PR proteins, despite its failure to induce SAR. These results suggest that proteinaceous elicitors, such as HrpZ Pss , that traverse the bacterial Hrp secretion pathway are involved in the biological induction of SAR and that at least some PR proteins can be induced by bacterial factors that are not controlled by hrp genes.
A microscope for hard x rays based on parabolic compound refractive lenses (1999)

We describe refractive x-ray lenses with a parabolic profile that are genuine imaging devices, similar to glass lenses for visible light. They open considerable possibilities in x-ray microscopy, tomography, microanalysis, and coherent scattering. Based on these lenses a microscope for hard x rays is described, that can operate in the range from 2 to 50 keV, allowing for magnifications up to 50. At present, it is possible to image an area of about 300 μm in diameter with a resolving power of 0.3 μm that can be increased to 0.1 μm. This microscope is especially suited for opaque samples, up to 1 cm in thickness, which do not tolerate sample preparation, like many biological and soil specimens.
Introduction to Chemistry (1989)

Introduction to chemistry , Introduction to chemistry , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Etanercept, a TNF antagonist for treatment for psoriatic arthritis and psoriasis. (2003)

Etanercept (Enbrel, Amgen and Wyeth), a tumor necrosis factor (TNF) antagonist, was approved in January 2002, for the treatment of psoriatic arthritis (PsA). The anti-inflammatory effects of etanercept are due to its ability to bind to the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF, preventing it from interacting with cell-surface receptors and rendering it biologically inactive. Etanercept was evaluated for the treatment of PsA and psoriasis in a preliminary study of 60 patients and in a confirmatory phase III study of 205 patients. In both studies, etanercept was shown to be significantly superior to placebo for the treatment of PsA, evaluated by Psoriatic Arthritis Response Criteria (PsARC) and American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. It also was superior to placebo in improving psoriatic skin lesions, evaluated by the Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) and target lesion scores. Side-effects were minimal; mild injection site reactions, which resolved during continued therapy, were experienced by approximately one-quarter of the patients. Overall, etanercept is highly effective and well tolerated by patients with PsA, with a safety profile similar to that seen in rheumatoid arthritis.
Mechanism of Action and Efficacy of Immunosupressors in Lupus Nephritis (2021)

Approximately 70% of the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus will have clinical evidence of kidney damage during their evolution. Patients with impaired renal function at onset and those with recurrent flares have a poor prognosis. Understanding the mechanism of action of immunosuppressants is essential for proper prescription. Steroids inhibit the DNA sequence that promotes the release of inflammatory cytokines. Phosphoramide mustard, metabolite of cyclophosphamide, cross-link with the DNA, causing the aggregation of an alkyl group, causing cell death. Mycophenolate inhibits inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase, prevents de novo synthesis of guanine, inducing cell arrest in S phase. Azathioprine blocks the synthesis of purines and induces apoptosis. Calcineurin inhibitors prevent the dephosphorylation of NFAT and reduce the production of interleukin 2. Antimalarials alter the enzymatic release of lysosomes by increasing intravesicular pH. The mechanism of action of rituximab is related to complement-dependent cytotoxicity and the elimination of anti-CD20-labeled B cells. Progress in the knowledge and management of low doses of steroids may change the current paradigm and reduce the frequency of related adverse events. Mycophenolate seems to be a better choice than cyclophosphamide for induction, it is also preferred over azathioprine as a maintenance immunosuppressive agent, although azathioprine is preferred in women with a desire for conception, those pregnant, or with low resources. For treatment-resistant cases, tacrolimus, rituximab or belimumab may be effective. Ongoing clinical trials with new drugs offer promising results.
Constraint to Adaptive Evolution in Response to Global Warming (2001)

We characterized the genetic architecture of three populations of a native North American prairie plant in field conditions that simulate the warmer and more arid climates predicted by global climate models. Despite genetic variance for traits under selection, among-trait genetic correlations that are antagonistic to the direction of selection limit adaptive evolution within these populations. Predicted rates of evolutionary response are much slower than the predicted rate of climate change.
The Characteristics of Poly(acrylamide)-SiOx Nanoparticles Prepared by Graft-polymerizaton (2010)

Methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) was used for the surface modification of silica nanoparticles in the toluene dispersion system for 8 h (MPSN). Then, methacryloxypropyl-modified silica nanoparticles were successfully prepared by solutioun polymerization in the ethanol solution at 60 for 14 h with adding AIBN initiator. The modification of ultra-fine particles (SiOx-PAA nanospheres) was investigated via EA, XPS, FTIR, TGA, SEM and TEM. The mean diameter of the bare silica nanoparticles, MPSN and SiOx-PAA monodisperse nanoparticles was about 25, 30 and 35 nm, respectively.
The integrator as a time delay estimator (2005)

The integrator technique of time delay measurement has already been found to be very useful, in view of its simplicity, attractive analytical properties and the picosecond sensitivities that are attainable. This paper evaluates the integrator technique within the general context of time delay estimation. The noise performance of the integrator technique is evaluated and a comparison is made with the Cramer-Rao bound. It is shown that the Cramer-Rao bound is approached within a factor of 2.
Space-time block coding for multiple transmit antennas over time-selective fading channels (2006)

The last decade we have witnessed an extraordinary growing interest in the field of wireless communications. Wireless industry has recently turned into a technology known as Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) to minimize errors and optimize data speed. This is done by using multiple transmit and receive antennas, as well as appropriate space-time block code techniques. Due the fact that time-selective fading channels exist, the assumption that the channel is being static over the length of the codeword does not apply in this thesis. The channel state varies over the number of signal intervals, and in such case the orthogonality of the space-time block code will be destroyed leading to irreducible error floor. This thesis deals with orthogonal space-time block coding schemes where time-selective fading channels arise due to Doppler Effect. A realistic channel model was used, where the channel coherency was considered. Modeling the time-selective channels as random processes, a fast and simple decoding algorithm was derived at the receiver. Using MATLAB as a simulation tool, we provide simulation results demonstrating the performance for two, three, four, and five transmit antennas over time-selective fading channels. We illustrate that using multiple transmit antennas and space-time coding outstanding performance can be obtained, under the impact of channel variation.
A Calmodulin-Regulated Protein Kinase Linked to Neuron Survival Is a Substrate for the Calmodulin-Regulated Death-Associated Protein Kinase (2004)

Death-associated protein kinase (DAPK) is a calmodulin (CaM)-regulated protein kinase and a drug-discovery target for neurodegenerative diseases. However, a protein substrate relevant to neuronal death had not been described. We identified human brain CaM-regulated protein kinase kinase (CaMKK), an enzyme key to neuronal survival, as the first relevant substrate protein by using a focused proteomics- and informatics-based approach that can be generalized to protein kinase open reading frames identified in genome projects without prior knowledge of biochemical context. First, DAPK-interacting proteins were detected in yeast two-hybrid screens and in immunoprecipitates of brain extracts. Second, potential phosphorylation site sequences in yeast two-hybrid hits were identified on the basis of our previous results from positional-scanning synthetic-peptide substrate libraries and molecular modeling. Third, reconstitution assays using purified components demonstrated that DAPK phosphorylates CaMKK with a stoichiometry of nearly 1 mol of phosphate per mole of CaMKK and a K(m) value of 3 microM. Fourth, S511 was identified as the phosphorylation site by peptide mapping using mass spectrometry, site-directed mutagenesis, and Western blot analysis with a site-directed antisera targeting the phosphorylated sequence. Fifth, a potential mechanism of action was identified on the basis of the location of S511 near the CaM recognition domain of CaMKK and demonstrated by attenuation of CaM-stimulated CaMKK autophosphorylation after DAPK phosphorylation. The results raise the possibility of a CaM-regulated protein kinase cascade as a key mechanism in acute neurodegeneration amenable to therapeutic targeting.
Membrane-less microfiltration using inertial microfluidics (2015)

Microfiltration is a ubiquitous and often crucial part of many industrial processes, including biopharmaceutical manufacturing. Yet, all existing filtration systems suffer from the issue of membrane clogging, which fundamentally limits the efficiency and reliability of the filtration process. Herein, we report the development of a membrane-less microfiltration system by massively parallelizing inertial microfluidics to achieve a macroscopic volume processing rates (~ 500 mL/min). We demonstrated the systems engineered for CHO (10-20 μm) and yeast (3-5 μm) cells filtration, which are two main cell types used for large-scale bioreactors. Our proposed system can replace existing filtration membrane and provide passive (no external force fields), continuous filtration, thus eliminating the need for membrane replacement. This platform has the desirable combinations of high throughput, low-cost, and scalability, making it compatible for a myriad of microfiltration applications and industrial purposes.