gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Schindler disease: An inherited neuroaxonal dystrophy due to α‐<i>N</i>‐acetylgalactosaminidase deficiency (1990)

The clinical, pathological and biochemical features of a neuroaxonal dystrophy resulting from the deficient activity of lysosomal alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase are described. This neurodegenerative disorder was recognized in two brothers who had the typical clinical manifestations and neuropathological lesions observed in patients with Seitelberger disease, the infantile form of neuroaxonal dystrophy. Axonal 'spheroids' were observed histologically in the grey matter, and ultrastructural examination revealed the characteristic formations in dystrophic axons in the myenteric plexus and neocortex. Using a newly synthesized fluorogenic substrate, 4-methylumbelliferyl-alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide, the markedly deficient activity of alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase was demonstrated in the affected brothers while their consanguineous parents had intermediate activities, consistent with the autosomal recessive transmission of this disease. No detectable alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase was seen in immunoblots using monospecific rabbit antihuman alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase antibodies. Abnormally increased amounts of urinary glycopeptides were observed by high resolution thin layer chromatography. Analytical studies identified four of the accumulating urinary compounds, the blood group A trisaccharide GalNAc alpha 1----3(Fuc alpha 1----2)Gal and three O-linked glycopeptides, GalNAc alpha 1----O-serine and -threonine, NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3(NeuNAc alpha 2----6)GalNAc alpha 1----O-serine and -threonine, and NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----4GlcNAc beta 1----6(NeuNAc alpha 2----3Gal beta 1----3)GalNAc alpha 1----O-serine and -threonine. Of eight unrelated patients diagnosed as having infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy by pathological studies, none had deficient alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminidase activity, emphasizing the biochemical heterogeneity underlying this diagnostic entity. These findings document the first delineation of a metabolic defect in an inherited neuroaxonal dystrophy and suggest that the axonal pathology in this disorder, and perhaps in the other neuroaxonal dystrophies, results from abnormal glycoprotein metabolism involving O-linked glycopeptides.
Overview of possible optical adapters for EUSO (2003)

The Extreme Universe Space Observatory-EUSO-is devoted to the exploration from space of the highest energy processes present and accessible in the Universe. The results will extend the knowledge of the extremes of the physical world and address unresolved issued in a number of fields such as fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. Several kind of detectors have been so far proposed for EUSO, all of them requiring some sort of ancillary optics to collect the light from the image produced by the main optics on the focal surface, for an efficient coupling to the detectors. Optical adapters must be selected taking in account several inputs: feasibility, cost, mass budget. Two main options are here investigated: imaging optics (by means of small lenses) and non imaging optics (by means of compound parabolic concentrators). The first kind of focal plane optics is easy and feasible, but it does not guarantee a high concentration ratio. Non imaging optics present much higher efficiency with a concentration close to the theoretical limit, but it also pose new technological diffculties and challenges. This work aims to clarify how this focal plane optics can be made, their limits in terms of concentration of radiation according to the laws of geometrical and physical optics and finally to identify the possible solution to this problem, including available technologies to be used for the construction.
Gadolinium as a contrast agent for NMR. (1983)

Gadolinium chloride (GdCl3) was studied as a contrast agent for nuclear magnetic resonance. This rare-earth element dramatically alters proton resonance (paramagnetic moment = 10.8 Bohr magnetons). Acute toxicity was determined by intravenous injections in mice; mean lethal dose was 100-200 mg of GdCl3 . 6 H2O/kg. Changes in T1 of plasma, kidney, liver, and brain of mice and rats were measured after intravenous injections of GdCl3 solution at a concentration of 60 mg gadolinium metal/kg. The apparatus used was a Wh 270 Brucker with a field of 63 kG. The T1 was found to be significantly decreased in plasma, kidney, and liver.
Efficient TCB Reduction and Attestation (CMU-CyLab-09-003) (2018)

We develop a special-purpose hypervisor called TrustVisor that facilitates the execution of security-sensitive code in isolation from commodity OSes and applications. TrustVisor provides code and execution integrity as well as data secrecy and integrity for protected code, even in the presence of a compromised OS. These strong properties can be attested to a remote verifier. TrustVisor only adds 5306 lines to the TCB (over half of which is for cryptographic operations). TrustVisor imposes less than 7% overhead in the common case. This overhead is largely the result of today’s x86 hardware virtualization support.
Modular Assembly of a Pd Catalyst within a DNA Scaffold for the Amplified Colorimetric and Fluorimetric Detection of Nucleic Acids (2012)

Phosphanliganden wurden kovalent an kurze Oligonucleotidstränge gebunden, sodass sich in Gegenwart einer spezifischen Ziel-Nucleinsäure aktive Palladiumkomplexe bildeten. Diese katalytischen Zentren an DNA-Doppelsträngen wandelten im Überschuss vorliegende wasserlösliche iodierte BODIPY-Farbstoffe in stark leuchtende entiodierte Reporter um (siehe Bild). Der Ansatz ermöglicht den kolorimetrischen oder fluorimetrischen Nachweis von Ziel-Nucleinsäuren in Konzentrationen bis hinab zu 10 pM.
Diabetes home monitoring project (2002)

The objective is to study the feasibility of remotely monitoring people with diabetes using low-cost technology. Using a personal computer, randomly chosen people with type I diabetes transmit their diabetes related data to their physician at Georgetown University Medical Center on a weekly basis where he analyzes it and contacts the patient every week to make safe adjustments to diet, exercise plan and insulin dose to prevent different kinds of diseases. Based on the data received the physician at the Endocrinology Department was able to early correct blood glucose levels for many patients enrolled in the program and prevent many possible clinical complications. This preliminary study indicates that tight monitoring people with diabetes and frequent patient physician communication and feedback utilizing a low-cost technology can significantly lower the risk of getting diseases and avoid costly short and long term hospitalizations and ER visits thus increase the quality of life and life expectancy.
Alpine Footballers in the New World: Swiss Influence on Soccer in the United States (2013)

When one thinks of Swiss sports, soccer is not the first to come to mind. Images of Roger Federer or Martina Hingis holding aloft a Grand Slam of tennis trophy cross the mind or perhaps Fabian Cancellara, the most dominant Time Trialist in the professional cycling peleton today. Maybe Simmon Amman, the Swiss ski jumper who was dubbed "Swiss Miss" by Bob Costas of NBC Sports during the Winter Olympics where he was so successful. It is even possible that some will say one of the notable skiers from the Alpine nation, Dider Couche, or Carlos Janka to name only a few of the most recent crop. Most Swiss soccer fans could name the stars of many other nations' national teams, past and present, but how many could name even one Swiss soccer player? How many can you name?
Occupation Mortalities (1911)

Mr. President,—It is in response to your invitation that I venture to submit to this Faculty a paper on the Influence of Occupation on Mortality. I have no fresh statistical observations to lay before you, but the task I have set myself is to elaborate the observations set out in the Supplement to the Registrar-General of England and Wales' Sixty-fifth Report, part II., a report which was published early this year. That report may rightly be described as the most important contribution to our knowledge of the subject which has yet been published, and it is thanks to the excellent tabulation of facts in it that I am able to deal further with them. Before asking your attention to the subject proper of my paper, an examination of the results of the recent English study, I desire briefly to describe previous statistical observations on the subject, to indicate to you some of the difficulties and limitations in drawing satisfactory conclusions from these studies, and to explain the methods which have previously been used to overcome these difficulties, and methods which I now use for the first time.
Lithium and mental health (1973)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLithium and mental healthMarion T. III Doig , Michael G. Heyl , and Dean F. Martin Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1973, 50, 5, 343Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1973Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 May 1973Published inissue 1 May 1973https://doi.org/10.1021/ed050p343RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views303Altmetric-Citations7LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (2 MB) Get e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit of the follicle-stimulating hormone from equine pituitary glands (1978)

A tentative amino acid sequence of the beta-subunit of equine follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) was derived from the sequences of tryptic, thermolytic as well as peptic, subtilisin, and chymotryptic peptides. Equine FSH-beta is analogous to human FSH-beta except six amino acid substitutions at positions 12, 16, 21, 62, 108, and 114. The amino acid sequence suggests that the hormone-specific beta-subunits of FSH are similar at the interspecies level, whereas the amino acid sequences of the hormone nonspecific alpha-subunits show variations.
Referencing systems for evanescent wave sensors (1990)

The use of optical waveguides as chemical sensors requires a referencing system to compensate for the effect of contamination on the surface of the sensor. In this paper, we propose the use of two waves with different penetration depths for their evanescent fields in order to correct measurements. Several schemes are considered, including two-wavelength, two-mode and polarisation discrimination techniques. It is shown that good results can be obtained using TE<sub>0</sub> and TM<sub>0</sub> modes in a high index film.
Reliability Optimization by Generalized Lagrangian-Function and Reduced-Gradient Methods (1979)

Nonlinear optimization problems for reliability of a complex system are solved using the generalized Lagrangian function (GLF) method and the generalized reduced gradient (GRG) method. GLF is twice continuously differentiable and closely related to the generalized penalty function which includes the interior and exterior penalty functions as a special case. GRG generalizes the Wolfe reduced gradient method and has been coded in FORTRAN title ``GREG'' by Abadie et al. Two system reliability optimization problems are solved. The first maximizes complex-system reliability with a tangent cost-function; the second minimizes the cost, with a minimum system reliability. The results are compared with those using the Sequential Unconstrained Minimization Technique (SUMT) and the direct search approach by Luus and Jaakola (LJ). Many algorithms have been proposed for solving the general nonlinear programming problem. Only a few have been demonstrated to be effective when applied to large-scale nonlinear programming problems, and none has proved to be so superior that it can be classified as a universal algorithm. Both GLF and GRG methods presented here have been successfully used in solving a number of general nonlinear programming problems in a variety of engineering applications and are better methods among the many algorithms.
Toward Modern Inhalational Bacteriophage Therapy: Nebulization of Bacteriophages of <i>Burkholderia cepacia</i> Complex (2008)

Antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections have renewed interest in finding substitute methods of treatment. The purpose of the present in vitro study was to investigate the possibility of respiratory delivery of a Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) bacteriophage by nebulized aerosol administration. Bacteriophages in isotonic saline were aerosolized with Pari LC star and eFlow nebulizers, at titers with mean value (standard deviation) of 2.15 x 10(8) (1.63 x 10(8)) plaque-forming unit (PFU)/mL in 2.5-mL nebulizer fills. The breathing pattern of an adult was simulated using a pulmonary waveform generator. During breath simulation, the size distributions of the nebulized aerosol were measured using phase doppler anemometry (PDA). Efficiency of nebulizer delivery was subsequently determined by collection of aerosol on low resistance filters and measurement of bacteriophage titers. These filter titers were used as input data to a mathematical lung deposition model to predict regional deposition of bacteriophages in the lung and initial bacteriophage titers in the liquid surface layer of each conducting airway generation. The results suggest that BCC bacteriophages can be nebulized successfully within a reasonable delivery time and predicted titers in the lung indicate that this method may hold potential for treatment of bacterial lung infections common among cystic fibrosis patients.
10.6 A 30MHz hybrid buck converter with 36mV droop and 125ns 1% settling time for a 1.25A/2ns load transient (2017)

Fast load-transient responses are crucial for DC-DC converters to cope with the demands of modern highly integrated system-on-chip (SoC) designs. Various techniques have been proposed to improve transient responses by enhancing the speed of the controller, and/or by increasing the slew rate of the inductor current (SR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> ), as shown in Fig. 10.6.1. To enhance the speed of the controller, a capacitor-current-sensor (CCS) calibration technique with load-transient optimization (LTO) is proposed for current-mode control in [1], and zero-delay synchronized (ZDS) and quasi-current-mode hysteretic control are proposed in [2] and [3], respectively. Although these converters may achieve near-optimal transient responses (only limited by SR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> ), the circuit complexity is greatly increased. To increase SR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> , multiphase topologies have been widely used [1], [2,4]. For an N-phase converter, SR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> can be effectively increased by N times, at the expense of using N bulky inductors that increase both volume and cost. Hybrid schemes that comprise the parallel operation of the DC-DC converter and a linear regulator can improve the responses by injecting additional charging current (I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> ) without adding extra inductors. In [5], activating and deactivating the hybrid scheme is accomplished by monitoring the output voltage V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> within the steady-state window [V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> -ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> , V <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> ]. However, a large ΔV <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">o</sub> is needed for good noise immunity, and the slow SR <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">L</sub> also requires a high I <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ch</sub> that increases loss during the transients.
Diagnostic tests for influenza infection (2010)

Influenza diagnostic test performance can be adversely affected by viral genetic and antigenic changes and should be re-assessed annually. Variability in sensitivity and specificity of the same test in different settings highlights the need for each laboratory to ensure optimal procedures and work with clinicians to improve sample quality. Manufacturers have been motivated to improve immunoassays and develop simpler and faster multiplex molecular tests, hopefully in advance of the next pandemic.
A study of modifying pruning strategies for dp beam search at a preset input frame (1993)

Abstract In a conventional dynamic programming beam search, the parameters of the threshold function for pruning grid points in the dynamic programming region are assumed to be set to the same values throughout the speech input. In this paper, I describe a method designed to improve the effectiveness of decreasing the computation amount in the dynamic programming beam search by changing the parameters during speech input. An accumulated distance is defined that is not easily influenced by the quality of matching at the beginning of speech input. When this accumulated distance is used in the grid point pruning decision, the parameters of the threshold function can be changed to smaller values, at an early point in time of several frames from the beginning of the speech input, without missing grid points on the optimum dynamic programming path for the reference pattern. It was demonstrated through word recognition tests that the computation amount when the proposed threshold function is used can be decreased to about 1/5 of that in the conventional, simple grid point pruning method, and decreased by at least 1/2 compared to the threshold function of [11] because of the effectiveness of changing the threshold function's parameters at an early point during speech input.
[Origin and development of hemorrhagic stroke]. (2005)

Research works were done on origin and development of the denomination, the acute stage of etiopathogenisis and pathogenesis, therapeutical priniciple and therapeutical methods in hemorrhagic stroke. Stroke was divided into is chemic and hemorrhagic until the end of the Qing dynasty. In 1997, Terminology of Traditional Chinese Medicine Treatment-Disease Part of National Standard formally included the term hemorrhagic stroke. Before 1950s-1960s, the pathogenesis emphasizes the up-stirring of liver, the adverse-rising of both blood and qi. A proper remedy should to subdue the liver yang, calm down the endopathic wind and clear heat. Since 1970s, it has been considered that the disorder is closely related with the spleen and stomach. The focal pathogenesis was blocked passage of the middle jiao, disorder of qi in ascending and descending and the abnormal flow of qi and blood. Since 1980s, it was claimed that hemorrhagic stroke belongs to blood syndrome of TCM. The vital pathogenesis was accumulation of blood stasis in acute stage of hemorrhagic stroke. The key point of therapeutical method was to promote blood circulation to remove blood stasis. In recent years, the theories of endogenous toxic factor, consumption, yin and yang syndrome, and the therapeutical method of antidote, assisting the vital qi, especially the development of common therapeutical methods were developed, with an abundance of differential diagnosis and treatment in hemorrhagic stroke.
Effect of Isotopes on Low-Temperature Thermal Conductivity (1957)

An analysis of the experimental results of the low-temperature thermal conductivity of single crystals of Si, Ge, and KCl indicates that their maximum conductivities are limited by isotope scattering of phonons rather than by umklapp processes. The isotope scattering in solid helium and sapphire is sufficiently low so that nearly pure umklapp scattering can be observed. The measured thermal conductivities of Si${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, KBr, and diamond appear to still be limited by impurities. However, even in pure crystals of these three materials the isotope scattering precludes the appearance of pure umklapp scattering.
Prostaglandins and nicotinate-provoked increase in cutaneous blood flow (1985)

The mechanism of topically applied methyl nicotinate-induced local cutaneous erythema was studied in normal human subjects. Aqueous methyl nicotinate (0, 0.1, 1.0, 10.0, and 100 mmol/L) was applied to the volar forearms in quadruplicate after oral pretreatments with 25 mg doxepin hydrochloride, 600 mg ibuprofen, 50 mg indomethacin, 975 mg aspirin, and lactose placebo. The cutaneous vascular response was monitored by laser Doppler velocimetry. Although doxepin did not affect the cutaneous vascular response to methyl nicotinate, indomethacin, ibuprofen, and aspirin significantly suppressed the response. Because indomethacin, ibuprofen, and aspirin have different chemical structures, the common property of inhibition of the response to methyl nicotinate may be assigned to their common pharmacologic action, i.e., inhibition of prostaglandin bioformation.
Using the Enthymeme as a Heuristic in Professional Writing Courses. (1987)

This is a remarkably unhelpful form letter. My wife already knew the company was having trouble with her shipment, but the letter neglected to tell her when or even if she would receive it. She called them (a long distance call, and not toll free) to find out what the letter could easily have told her, and she wondered why they had not saved their expenses and her time by writing an effective letter in the first place. It is a standard form letter, probably sent automatically after a certain number of days and used to forestall customers' inquiries. The letter writer might argue that the re sponse faithfully follows the good-news format?it states the good news (although the first sentence is neither good news nor even news at all, and the second sentence is good news in only the most general sense), it gives necessary explanations, and it seeks to retain goodwill and make a sale. Yet it didn't do much good, because the writer did not analyze my wife's particular context and resolve her particular problems.