gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evidence That the Mouse 3′ <i>κ</i> Light Chain Enhancer Confers Position-Independent Transgene Expression in T- and B-Lineage Cells (2003)

One of the major obstacles for successful application of murine leukemia virus (MLV) vectors to genetic therapy of lymphocyte disorders is low levels of transgene expression or the eventual loss of expression. To overcome this problem, an improved retroviral vector was constructed utilizing the myeloproliferative sarcoma virus (MPSV) long terminal repeat (LTR), which provided a significantly higher level of transgene expression in human lymphoid cells than did MLV vectors. Nevertheless, transgene expression remained low in a large percentage of transduced cells. To address whether lymphocyte enhancer elements might improve transgene expression mediated by retroviral vectors in lymphocytes, we cloned the mouse immunoglobulin 3' kappa light chain enhancer gene (mE3') into the MPSV vector. We found that the mE3' conferred a higher, more uniform and sustained level of expression in transduced T- and B-cell lines, and in primary T cells, than did the control vector lacking this element. Integration sites were diverse and a single copy of the proviral genome was present in all examined transduced cells. The mE3' failed to enhance transgene expression in most nonlymphoid cells, indicating it is relatively lineage-specific. Taken together, these results provide strong evidence that the mE3' functions as a locus control region (LCR) in conferring enhanced integration-site-independent expression of a retroviral transgene.
Gene-Centric Meta-Analysis of Lipid Traits in African, East Asian and Hispanic Populations (2012)

Meta-analyses of European populations has successfully identified genetic variants in over 100 loci associated with lipid levels, but our knowledge in other ethnicities remains limited. To address this, we performed dense genotyping of ∼2,000 candidate genes in 7,657 African Americans, 1,315 Hispanics and 841 East Asians, using the IBC array, a custom ∼50,000 SNP genotyping array. Meta-analyses confirmed 16 lipid loci previously established in European populations at genome-wide significance level, and found multiple independent association signals within these lipid loci. Initial discovery and in silico follow-up in 7,000 additional African American samples, confirmed two novel loci: rs5030359 within ICAM1 is associated with total cholesterol (TC) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (p = 8.8×10(-7) and p = 1.5×10(-6) respectively) and a nonsense mutation rs3211938 within CD36 is associated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels (p = 13.5×10(-12)). The rs3211938-G allele, which is nearly absent in European and Asian populations, has been previously found to be associated with CD36 deficiency and shows a signature of selection in Africans and African Americans. Finally, we have evaluated the effect of SNPs established in European populations on lipid levels in multi-ethnic populations and show that most known lipid association signals span across ethnicities. However, differences between populations, especially differences in allele frequency, can be leveraged to identify novel signals, as shown by the discovery of ICAM1 and CD36 in the current report.
Advancing Hand Gesture Recognition with High Resolution Electrical Impedance Tomography (2016)

Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) was recently employed in the HCI domain to detect hand gestures using an instrumented smartwatch. This prior work demonstrated great promise for non-invasive, high accuracy recognition of gestures for interactive control. We introduce a new system that offers improved sampling speed and resolution. In turn, this enables superior interior reconstruction and gesture recognition. More importantly, we use our new system as a vehicle for experimentation ' we compare two EIT sensing methods and three different electrode resolutions. Results from in-depth empirical evaluations and a user study shed light on the future feasibility of EIT for sensing human input.
A Highly Active Cationic Ruthenium Complex for Alkene Isomerisation: A Catalyst for the Synthesis of High Value Molecules (2013)

You′ve been valorized! A novel cationic ruthenium complex is shown to be efficient in the isomerization of important feedstocks derived from essential oils, which can then be functionalized through olefin metathesis. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Adenovirus 36 and Obesity in Children and Adolescents (2010)

These data support an association of obesity and higher body weight with the presence of neutralizing antibodies to AD36 in children. If a cause-and-effect relationship is established, it would have considerable implications for the prevention and treatment of childhood obesity.
Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate reduces chronic hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats (2003)

Pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension includes vascular smooth muscle cell membrane depolarisation and consequent calcium influx. Usually, calcium-gated potassium channels are activated under such conditions and repolarise the membrane. However, in pulmonary hypertension they are downregulated. The authors hypothesised that pharmacological augmentation of these channels would reduce pulmonary hypertension. Dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEA-S, 0.1 mg x mL(-1)), a recently characterised activator of calcium-gated potassium channels, was given to rats in drinking water. Pulmonary arterial blood pressure, increased by 4 weeks of hypoxia (from 15 +/- 0.2 to 29.4 +/- 2.5 mmHg), was selectively attenuated in rats treated with DHEA-S for the whole duration of the hypoxic exposure (23.9 +/- 0.9 mmHg) and in rats given DHEA-S only after pulmonary hypertension had fully developed (last 2 weeks of hypoxia; 24.4 +/- 1.4 mmHg). Pulmonary vascular remodelling and right ventricular hypertrophy associated with pulmonary hypertension were also reduced by DHEA-S. Cardiac index and systemic arterial blood pressure did not differ among the groups. The authors conclude that treatment with an activator of calcium-gated potassium channels, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, known to be well tolerated by humans, reduces hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in rats.
A highly chemo- and enantio-selective hetero-Diels–Alder reaction catalysed by chiral aluminium complexes (1996)

A new, highly chemo- and enantio-selective catalytic hetero-Diels–Alder reaction of conjugated dienes containing allylic C–H bonds with carbonyl compounds has been developed; with the use of (S)-(–)-BINOL-AlMe (BINOL = 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol) as a catalyst, simple conjugated dienes react with glyoxylate esters, giving the (R)-enantiomer of the hetero-Diels–Alder adduct as the major product with up to 97% ee.
Preparation of Hepta-O-Acetylsucroses and Hexa-O-Acetylsucroses by Enzymatic Hydrolysis (1991)

ABSTRACT Octa-O-acetylsucrose (1) was regioselectively hydrolyzed by the lipase AK from Pseudomonas sp. in aqueous buffer and two hepta-O-acetylsucroses and two hexa-O-acetylsucroses were obtained by column purification. After analysis by NMR methods, four products were shown to be 3,4,6,1′,3′,4′,6′-hepta-O-acetylsucrose (2), 2,3,4,6,1′,3′,6′-hepta-O-acetylsucrose (3), 3,4,6,1′,3′,6′-hexa-O-acetylsucrose (4) and 2,3,4,6,3′,6′-hexa-O-acetylsucrose (5).
Different Immunoaffinity Fractionation Strategies to Characterize the Human Plasma Proteome (2006)

Plasma proteins may often serve as indicators of disease and are a rich source for biomarker discovery. However, the intrinsic large dynamic range of plasma proteins makes the analysis very challenging because a large number of low abundance proteins are often masked by a few high abundance proteins. The use of prefractionation methods, such as depletion of higher abundance proteins before protein profiling, can assist in the discovery and detection of less abundant proteins that may ultimately prove to be informative biomarkers. But there are few studies on comprehensive investigation of the proteins both in the fractions depleted and remainder. In the present study, two different immunoaffinity fractionation columns for the top-6 or the top-12 proteins in plasma were investigated and both the proteins in column-bound and flow-through fractions were subsequently analyzed. A two-dimensional peptide separation strategy, utilizing chromatographic separation techniques, combined with tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) was employed for proteomic analysis of the four fractions. Using the established HUPO PPP criteria, a total of 2401 unique plasma proteins were identified. The Multiple Affinity Removal System yielded 921 and 725 unique proteins from the flow-through and bound fractions, respectively, whereas the Seppro MIXED 12 column yielded identification of 897 and 730 unique proteins from the flow-through and bound fractions, respectively. When more stringent criteria, based on searching against the reversed database, were implemented, 529 unique proteins were identified from the four fractions with the confidence in peptide identification increased from 73.6% to 99%. To determine whether the presence of nontarget proteins in the immunoaffinity-bound fraction could be attributed to their interaction with high abundance proteins, co-immunoprecipitation analysis with an antibody to human plasma albumin was performed, which resulted in an identification of 40 unique proteins from the coimmunoprecipitate with the more stringent criteria. This study illustrated that combining the column-bound and flow-through fractions from immunoaffinity separation affords more extensive profiling of the protein content of human plasma. The presence of nontarget proteins in the column-bound fractions may be induced by their binding to the higher abundance proteins targeted by the immunoaffinity column.
[Combined atlantoaxial fractures]. (2005)

Combined atlantoaxial fractures are serious, life-threatening injuries which, because of their diversity, require an individual approach to each patient. Early surgery is recommended with increasing frequency, particularly in the cases with persisting dislocation or instability. At the same time it is necessary to ensure that motion restriction of the cervical spine be minimal.
Test-driven development for the web (2012)

With the rapid growth of World Wide Web, demands on website developers have increased dramatically. At the same time new web development challenges have emerged. These challenges include enabling web developers with a low level of experience, fast paced development cycles and a disconnect between different phases of web development. In this paper we present algorithms which address some of these challenges. Our algorithms lower the barrier of expertise and experience required to transform development requirements into web pages, bridge the divide between web testing and development as well as improve test case maintenance. We also present a survey we conducted among web developers to understand their problems, experiments to demonstrate the performance of our algorithms and a user study that shows the value of our approach.
Diethylamine addition to natural sesquiterpenic α-exomethylene-γ-lactones and its use for chemical transformations of these compounds (1982)

Addition of diethylamine to exomethylene double bond in natural sesquiterpenic α-methylene-γ-lactones is more advantageous in structural studies than the addition of other amines used so far. In some instances a simultaneous solvolysis of the ester groups also takes place. This fact was made use of for selective deacylation. The possibility of solvolysis impairs the potential use of diethylamine and other amines for the isolations of α-methylene-γ-lactone fractions directly from the extract of natural material.
Second nearest-neighbor modified embedded atom method potentials for bcc transition metals (2001)

The second nearest-neighbor modified embedded atom method (MEAM) [Phys. Rev. B 62, 8564 (2000)], developed in order to solve problems of the original first nearest-neighbor MEAM on bcc metals, has now been applied to all bcc transition metals, Fe, Cr, Mo, W, V, Nb, and Ta. The potential parameters could be determined empirically by fitting to $(\ensuremath{\partial}B/\ensuremath{\partial}P),$ elastic constants, structural energy differences among bcc, fcc and hcp structures, vacancy-formation energy, and surface energy. Various physical properties of individual elements, including elastic constants, structural properties, point-defect properties, surface properties, and thermal properties were calculated and compared with experiments or high level calculations so that the reliability of the present empirical atomic-potential formalism can be evaluated. It is shown that the present potentials reasonably reproduce nonfitted properties of the bcc transition metals, as well as the fitted properties. The effect of the size of radial cutoff distance on the calculation and the compatibility with the original first nearest-neighbor MEAM that has been successful for fcc, hcp, and other structures are also discussed.
Intermittent Single-Molecule Interfacial Electron Transfer Dynamics (2004)

We report on single-molecule studies of photosensitized interfacial electron transfer (ET) processes in Coumarin 343 (C343)-TiO(2) nanoparticles (NP) and Cresyl Violet (CV(+))-TiO(2) NP systems, using time-correlated single-photon counting coupled with scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy. Fluorescence intensity trajectories of individual dye molecules adsorbed on a semiconductor NP surface showed fluorescence fluctuations and blinking, with time constants distributed from milliseconds to seconds. The fluorescence fluctuation dynamics were found to be inhomogeneous from molecule to molecule and from time to time, showing significant static and dynamic disorders in the interfacial ET reaction dynamics. We attribute fluorescence fluctuations to the interfacial ET reaction rate fluctuations, associating redox reactivity intermittency with the fluctuations of molecule-TiO(2) electronic and Franck-Condon coupling. Intermittent interfacial ET dynamics of individual molecules could be characteristic of a surface chemical reaction strongly involved with and regulated by molecule-surface interactions. The intermittent interfacial reaction dynamics that likely occur among single molecules in other interfacial and surface chemical processes can typically be observed by single-molecule studies but not by conventional ensemble-averaged experiments.
Transcatheter Sclerosis of the Gallbladder in Rabbits (1985)

Catheter sclerosis of 56 rabbit gallbladders was attempted at laparotomy. The proximal cystic duct was occluded with a hemoclip and transcatheter administration of six different sclerosing agents and a saline control was performed. Eight animals were used for each agent, three being sacrificed after two weeks and the remainder after six weeks. Hot contrast and sotradecol were comparable with saline in their lack of effect on gallbladder mucosa. Alcohol alone, tetracycline, methylcyanoacrylate and alcohol plus trifluoroacetic acid were successful at two weeks in denuding the gallbladder epithelium and promoting fibrosis of the gallbladder wall. After six weeks, evidence of mucosal regeneration was present with all agents, and the epithelium appeared to have grown back from the occluded cystic duct. Late regeneration has not been previously reported and its significance when considering the application of the technique to the human gallbladder is discussed.
Nimble Out-of-Band Authentication for EAP (EAP-NOOB) (2021)

Extensible Authentication Protocol (EAP) provides support for multiple
authentication methods. This document defines the EAP-NOOB
authentication method for nimble out-of-band (OOB) authentication and
key derivation. This EAP method is intended for bootstrapping all
kinds of Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices that have a minimal user
interface and no pre-configured authentication credentials. The method
makes use of a user-assisted one-directional OOB channel between the
peer device and authentication server.
Flavor science: sensible principles and techniques (1994)

Bioassays for Flavor Common Chemical Sense in Food Flavor Sweet and Bitter Tastes Sweetness Antagonists Sample Preparation Instrumental Analysis in the Flavor Industry Biotechnology: Challenge for the Flavor Industry Quantitative and Sensory Aspects of Flavor of Tomato and Other Vegetables and Fruits Hydrolytic Flavor Release in Fruit and Wines through Hydrolysis of Nonvolatile Precursors Key Flavors from Heat Reactions of Food Ingredients
LED-spectroscopy based on multi quantum well emitter (2012)

This paper provides information about LED-based spectroscopy, in particular regarding to the use of multi quantum well LEDs and its special characteristics. The advantages of LED-based spectroscopy for sensor application have already been published. We could demonstrate the feasibility of high resolution, real time in-situ measurements also in harsh environment using the LED-spectroscopy with standard light emitting diodes. In previous work we where presenting the principles and results of LED-spectroscopy using standard LEDs. This method is suitable almost for substances with broadband absorption characteristics. This paper presents the significant advantages of using modern multi quantum well (MQW) light emitters in spectroscopic application. This enables the measurement of substances with narrow band absorption characteristics such as benzene, toluene, formaldehyde, ammonia or nitrogen monoxide. Thus it enlarges the field of applications by a huge number of chemical components. Example measurement of nitrogen monoxide is provided.
Research and Design of NAT Traversal Scheme in P2PSIP System (2009)

P2PSIP system is one of the most popular network application which integrates the advantage of P2P technique and SIP.As a Peer to Peer application,P2PSIP system must solve the problem of NAT traversal.Firstly outlines the origin,working mechanism and types of NAT;then analyzes the problem of NAT traversal in P2PSIP system;and proposes an STUN+TURN scheme based on the research of several NAT traversal methods,while describes it in detail on the foundation of extension of SDP.Finally provides a brief summary of this scheme.In this scheme,P2PSIP system can realize normal communication of VoIP.
Structure, Crystal Chemistry and Density of Enamel Apatites (2007)

The apatitic calcium phosphate crystals in dental enamel are too small for single crystal diffraction studies so the only possible direct structure determination must use whole-pattern-fitting Rietveld analysis of X-ray and neutron powder diffraction patterns. As a result, aspects of the structure are not known in detail. Further structural information can be obtained by consideration of published chemical analyses and infrared studies, taking into account studies of the crystal chemistry of synthetic apatitic analogues of enamel apatite. The apatitic constitutional water and total water content of enamel are particularly important, but there are difficulties in their determination. Making reasonable assumptions, a number of models of the unit cell can be derived. The weight per cent (including constitutional water) and density of the enamel apatite crystals for the most probable model are about 98 wt.% and 3.0 g cm-3, respectively. The apatite volume per cent calculated from these values is about 96%. The weight per cent and volume per cent of enamel apatite are higher than normally accepted values because of inclusion of constitutional water and use of a density for enamel apatite that takes into account its known lattice expansion over hydroxyapatite and probable lattice vacancies.
Oro-facial pain distribution in the Singapore Armed Forces: a pilot study. (1995)

The purpose of the study was to obtain information on the pain distribution in 140 consecutive patients referred to a Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) Temporomandibular Disorders (TMD) and Craniofacial pain clinic from January 1992 to April 1994 via questionnaire, oral history and clinical examination. A cross-sectional study of 130 patients in the general military population was also done to serve as a control and to obtain initial data on the prevalence of signs and symptoms of TMD in the SAF. The control was age and sex matched with the TMD patient sample. The data showed that the "TMD patient" infrequently presented with temporomandibular joint pain alone. Neck pain, shoulder pain, ear ache and headaches were found quite frequently in addition to masticatory muscle tenderness and should be checked for in any TMD patient. Initial findings support the recommendation that the routine palpation of the styloid regions be included in any clinical screening protocol for patients presenting with head, neck and oro-facial pains. A history of macrotrauma and parafunctional habits were also important. Interesting observations relating to the TMD patients in the SAF are briefly described and discussed and there is a need to further explore the correlation between certain SAF vocations and TMD.
NF-kB as a Critical Link Between Inflammation and Cancer (2009)

NF-kB transcription factors have been suspected to be involved in cancer development since their discovery because of their kinship with the v-Rel oncogene product. Subsequent work led to identification of oncogenic mutations that result in NF-kB activation in lymphoid malignancies, but most of these mutations affect upstream components of NF-kB signaling pathways, rather than NF-kB family members themselves. NF-kB activation has also been observed in many solid tumors, but so far no oncogenic mutations responsible for NF-kB activation in carcinomas have been identified. In such cancers, NF-kB activation is a result of underlying inflammation or the consequence of formation of an inflammatory microenvironment during malignant progression. Most importantly, through its ability to up-regulate the expression of tumor promoting cytokines, such as IL-6 or TNF-a, and survival genes, such as Bcl-XL, NF-kB provides a critical link between inflammation and cancer.
Padlock and proximity probes for <i>in situ</i> and array‐based analyses: tools for the post‐genomic era (2003)

Highly specific high-throughput assays will be required to take full advantage of the accumulating information about the macromolecular composition of cells and tissues, in order to characterize biological systems in health and disease. We discuss the general problem of detection specificity and present the approach our group has taken, involving the reformatting of analogue biological information to digital reporter segments of genetic information via a series of DNA ligation assays. The assays enable extensive, coordinated analyses of the numbers and locations of genes, transcripts and protein.