gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Schalltransmission durch Isolierverglasung (2001)

Der Nachweis der Schalldämmwirkung von Isolierfenstern erfolgt bisher in der Regel durch Messungen unter normierten Bedingungen, obwohl eine numerische Simulation schneller und effektiver wäre. Deshalb wird dafür hier ein Berechnungsmodell entwickelt, das die Schallwellenausbreitung und den Schalldurchgang durch mehrfach verglaste Fenster sowie alle auftretenden dynamischen Wechselwirkungsvorgänge beinhaltet. Bei diesem Berechnungsmodell sollen die Vorteile der Finite-Element-Methode (FEM) für elastische Strukturen und abgeschlossene Gebiete mit den Vorteilen der Randelementmethode (REM) für unendlich ausgedehnte Gebiete kombiniert werden. Daher werden die Fensterscheiben, die aufgrund von Schalldruckänderungen der umgebenden Luft Biegeschwingungen erfahren und als Kirchhoffplatten modelliert werden, ebenso wie der gasgefüllte Scheibenzwischenraum und die abgeschlossenen, luftgefüllten Räume des Gebäudes mit der FEM behandelt. Die das Gebäude umgebende Luft stellt ein unendlich ausgedehntes Gebiet dar und wird daher mit der REM approximiert. Den Wechselwirkungen zwischen der Struktur und dem umgebenden Fluid wird durch eine Kopplung der Simulationsmodelle über das Arbeitsprinzip Rechnung getragen. Einen Schwerpunkt der Untersuchungen bilden die Anwendungen des Verfahrens zur Simulation der Schalltransmission durch ein spezielles Außenbauteil im Hochbau, das Fenster. Anhand von Beispielen wird die Bandbreite konstruktiver Gestaltungen von Isolierverglasungen aufgezeigt und insbesondere der Einfluß verschiedener Konstruktionsparameter auf die Schalldämmung näher erläutert. Es wird deutlich, daß mit dem vorgestellten numerischen Berechnungsmodell der Schalltransmissionsmechanismus durch Isolierverglasungen für beliebige Lärmsituationen simuliert und die Auswirkungen konstruktiver Modifikationen in der Entwurfsphase abgeschätzt werden können.
Depth profiling of vacancy clusters in MeV-implanted Si using Au labeling (1998)

A technique for profiling the clustered-vacancy region produced by high-energy ion implantation into silicon is described and tested. This technique takes advantage of the fact that metal impurities, such as Au, are trapped in the region of excess vacancies produced by MeV Si implants into silicon. In this work, the clustered-vacancy regions produced by 1-, 2-, and 8-MeV Si implants into silicon have been labeled with Au diffused in from the front surface at 750 °C. The trapped Au was profiled with Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The dynamics of the clustered-vacancy region were monitored for isochronal annealing at 750–1000 °C, and for isothermal annealing at 950 °C, for 10–600 s. Cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed that after the drive-in anneal, the Au in the region of vacancy clusters is in the form of precipitates. The results demonstrate that the Au-labeling technique offers a convenient and potentially quantitative tool for depth profiling vacancies in clusters.
A Regression-Based Approach for Scaling-Up Per- sonalized Recommender Systems in E-Commerce (2000)

Automated collaborative filtering is one of the key techniques for providing a customization for Ecommerce sites. Various neighbor-based recommendation methods are popular choices for collaborative filtering. However, their latency can be a serious drawback for scaling up to a large number of requests that should be processed in real-time. In this paper we propose an alternative regression-based approach that searches for relationships among items instead of looking for similarities among users. Experiments on a movie database provide evidence that the proposed regression-based approach provides significantly better accuracy and is two orders of magnitude faster than the neighbor-based alternatives. Even faster time response with accuracy similar to neighbor-based recommendations was obtained by adjusting the generic recommendations with only the average preference of an active user. 1. INTRODUCTION In today&apos;s society there is an increasing need for automated systems providing person...
Report of the chromosome 18 workshop (1999)

At the first chromosome 18 workshop held at the 1997 World Congress on Psychiatric Genetics (WCPG) in Santa Fe, NM, several studies were presented that suggested the presence of a bipolar disorder (BP) as well as a schizophrenia (SZ) susceptibility locus on chromosome 18. Although the fact that several independent studies all pointed to a susceptibility locus (or loci) on chromosome 18, the observation that these studies identified nonoverlapping candidate regions was disappointing at least from the viewpoint of molecular genetics aiming at cloning the respective gene(s). Together, the data suggested four possible regions of considerable size that contained a susceptibility gene. At the 1998 WCPG chromosome 18 workshop in Bonn, Germany, less data were submitted and with the exception of a few studies, most data were nonsupportive or negative. Although some refinements were made to the previous candidate loci, overall the picture has not changed in that we are still confronted with the same four potential loci on chromosome 18 for BP and/or SZ, i.e., 18p11.2 and 18q12.1-q12.3 for BP and SZ, and 18q21-q22 and 18q23-qter for BP. So far, no other psychiatric phenotypes show evidence for a susceptibility locus on chromosome 18. Am. J. Med. Genet. (Neuropsychiatr. Genet.) 88:263–270, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Direct SiO2/β-SiC(100)3×2 interface formation from 25 °C to 500 °C (1996)

We investigate the β-SiC(100)3×2 surface oxidation by core level and valence band photoemission spectroscopies using synchrotron radiation. Low molecular O2 exposures on the (3×2) surface reconstruction leads to direct SiO2/β-SiC(100)3×2 interface formation already at room temperature (RT). To our best knowledge, this is the first example of RT oxidation leading directly to dominant silicon dioxide growth by O2 chemisorption only. The amount of SiO2 is enhanced when the surface temperature is raised by few hundred degrees only (&lt;500 °C) during O2 exposures leading to ‘‘bulk oxide’’ formation already at small thicknesses. These findings are also relevant in low-temperature semiconductor oxide processing.
Importance of micellar relaxation time on detergent properties (1999)

Abstract As we enter the new millennium, manufacturers of laundry detergents would like to provide new products for the twenty‐first century. With the goal of achieving new and better performance characteristics, design strategies for research and development should be defined. This paper highlights the importance of micellar relaxation kinetics in processes involved in detergency. Earlier Shah and coworkers showed that the stability of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles plays an important role in various technological processes. The slow relaxation time (τ 2 ) of SDS micelles, as measured by the pressure‐jump technique, was in the range of 10 −4 to 10 1 s, depending on the surfactant concentration. A maximal relaxation time and thus a maximal micellar stability was found at 200 mM SDS (5 s), corresponding to the least‐foaming, largest bubble size, longest wetting time of textile, largest emulsion droplet size, and the most rapid solubilization of oil. These results are explained in terms of the flux of surfactant monomers from the bulk to the interface, which determines the dynamic surface tension. More stable micelles lead to less monomer flux and hence to a higher dynamic surface tension. The relaxation time for nonionic surfactants (as measured by the stopped‐flow technique) was much longer than for ionic surfactants because of the absence of ionic repulsion between the head groups. The τ 2 was related to dynamic surface‐tension experiments. Stability of SDS micelles can be greatly enhanced by the addition of long‐chain alcohols or cationic surfactants. In summary, relaxation time data of surfactant solutions enable us to predict the performance of a given surfactant solution. Moreover, results suggest that one can design appropriate micelles with specific stability, or τ 2 , by controlling surfactant structure, concentration, and physicochemical conditions, as well as by mixing anionic/cationic or ionic/nonionic surfactants for a desired technological application, e.g., detergency.
Generation of 63 fs 41 MW peak power pulses from a parabolic fiber amplifier operated beyond the gain bandwidth limit (2007)

We report the generation of 63 fs pulses of 290 nJ energy and 4.1 MW peak power at 1050 nm based on the use of a polarization-maintaining ytterbium-doped fiber parabolic amplification system. We demonstrate that operation of the amplifier beyond the gain bandwidth limit plays a key role on the sufficient recompressibility of the pulses in a standard grating pair compressor. This results from the accumulated asymmetric nonlinear spectral phase and the good overall third-order dispersion compensation in the system.
Purification and characterization of a tryptic peptide of Borrelia burgdorferi flagellin, which reduces cross-reactivity in immunoblots and ELISA (1992)

In man the early immune response in Lyme disease is primarily directed against the endoflagellin antigen. Isolated flagellar protein of Borrelia burgdorferi suggests itself as a suitable test antigen. However, cross-reactivity between flagellins of B. burgdorferi, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella typhimurium was demonstrated by immunoblotting and ELISA with polyclonal rabbit-hyperimmune-sera. Tryptic cleavage of recombinant B. burgdorferi 41 kDa flagellin, expressed in E. coli, produced a peptide fragment which was recognized exclusively by antisera to Borrelia species. This peptide was designated as the 14 kDa fragment due to its migratory behaviour in SDS-PAGE. The fragment is part of the variable region of the flagellin, as proven by amino acid sequencing. The flagellin peptide was employed as an antigen in ELISA and immunoblot assays, testing the polyclonal sera mentioned above. The specificity was superior to that obtained with the intact recombinant flagellin.
Heated membranes give improved separation (1992)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTHeated membranes give improved separationJOSEPH HAGGINCite this: Chem. Eng. News 1992, 70, 17, 41Publication Date (Print):April 27, 1992Publication History Published online10 November 2010Published inissue 27 April 1992https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v070n017.p041https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v070n017.p041newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1992 AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETYArticle Views4Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Membranes,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A 70 N THRUST CLASS TURBOJET ENGINE (2004)

Small turbojet engines are being used for propulsion of radio-controlled model airplanes. The design and development of the model 505 small jet engine are reviewed. Small size gas turbines present special design and construction difficulties, some of which are addressed; design choices leading to the final configuration are discussed. Aero-thermodynamic aspects are covered along with experimental data when available. The unit is comprised of a radial compressor, an annular combustion chamber, and an axial turbine plus accessories; details on these components and on production aspects are presented.
Delay Test Scan Flip-Flop: DFT for High Coverage Delay Testing (2007)

Scan based delay testing is currently mostly implemented using launch-on-capture (LOC) delay tests. Launch-on-shift (LOS) tests are generally more effective, achieving higher fault coverage with significantly fewer test vectors, but require a fast scan enable, which is not supported by most designs. The paper presents low cost solution for implementing LOS tests by adding a small amount of logic (six transistors) in each flip-flop to align the slow scan enable signal to the clock edge. The new design can support full LOS and LOC testing, achieving an average TDF coverage of 92.67% in this combined mode for the ISCAS89 benchmarks. Adding a second slow global scan enable signal also allows mixed LOC/LOS tests, which can further increase coverage up to 94.86% on average for ISCAS89 benchmarks
Dose conversion coefficients for CT examinations of adults with automatic tube current modulation (2010)

Automatic tube current modulation (TCM) is used in modern CT devices. This is implemented in the numerical calculation of dose conversion coefficients for CT examinations. For four models of adults, the female and male reference models of ICRP and ICRU and a lighter and a heavier female model, dose conversion coefficients normalized to CTDI(vol) (DCC(CT)) have been computed with a Monte Carlo transport code for CT scans with and without TCM. It could be shown for both cases that reliable values for spiral CT scans are obtained when combining the results from an appropriate set of axial scans. The largest organ DCC(CT) are presented for typical CT examinations for all four models. The impact of TCM is greatest for chest, pelvis and whole-trunk CT examinations, where with TCM the effective DCC(CT) can be 20-25% lower than without TCM. Typical organs with strong dependence on TCM are thyroid, urinary bladder, lungs and oesophagus. While the DCC(CT) of thyroid and urinary bladder are mainly sensitive to angular TCM, the DCC(CT) of lungs and oesophagus are influenced primarily by longitudinal TCM. The impact of the body stature on the effective DCC(CT) is of the same order as the effect of TCM. Thus, for CT scans in the trunk region, accurate dose values can only be obtained when different sets of DCC(CT) are employed that are appropriate for the patient's sex and stature and the actual TCM settings.
Acoustic Characterization of Concentrated Suspensions and Emulsions. 2. Experimental Validation (2001)

In the first part of this work, a core−shell extension of the isolated-particle framework of Epstein, Carhart, Allegra, and Hawley (ECAH theory) has been developed for the simulation of sound attenuation in concentrated emulsions and suspensions. In the present paper, the model predictions are validated by comparison with a systematic set of experimental data. The systems under consideration include silica/water, poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE)/water, and corn oil/water at a range of particle sizes, particle volume fractions, and frequencies. These data cover a wide variety of situations where energy dissipation is dominated by viscoinertial losses, thermal losses, or combinations thereof, thus providing a significant test for the reliability and generality of the model. Moreover, the potential of the model as a basis for the estimation of particle sizes from acoustic data is investigated.
Integration of the Fido explosives detector onto the PackBot EOD UGV (2007)

The digital, modular architecture of the iRobot PackBot EOD has been exploited to integrate an explosives vapor detector. This expands the usefulness of the UGV from its core EOD role to checkpoint vehicle inspections and facility clearing. From initial tests to deployment and training in Iraq and subsequent user feedback, we present the trials and tribulations of this effort from the perspective of the engineers that traveled to Baghdad.
CONTRA: copy number analysis for targeted resequencing (2012)

We present a method for CNV detection for TR data, including whole-exome capture data. Our method calls copy number gains and losses for each target region based on normalized depth of coverage. Our key strategies include the use of base-level log-ratios to remove GC-content bias, correction for an imbalanced library size effect on log-ratios, and the estimation of log-ratio variations via binning and interpolation. Our methods are made available via CONTRA (COpy Number Targeted Resequencing Analysis), a software package that takes standard alignment formats (BAM/SAM) and outputs in variant call format (VCF4.0), for easy integration with other next-generation sequencing analysis packages. We assessed our methods using samples from seven different target enrichment assays, and evaluated our results using simulated data and real germline data with known CNV genotypes.
The preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) inhibits myeloid differentiation in normal hematopoietic and leukemic progenitor cells (2009)

The preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is expressed in several hematologic malignancies, but either is not expressed or is expressed at only low levels in normal hematopoietic cells, making it a target for cancer therapy. PRAME is a tumor-associated antigen and has been described as a corepressor of retinoic acid signaling in solid tumor cells, but its function in hematopoietic cells is unknown. PRAME mRNA expression increased with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) disease progression and its detection in late chronic-phase CML patients before tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy was associated with poorer therapeutic responses and ABL tyrosine kinase domain point mutations. In leukemia cell lines, PRAME protein expression inhibited granulocytic differentiation only in cell lines that differentiate along this lineage after all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) exposure. Forced PRAME expression in normal hematopoietic progenitors, however, inhibited myeloid differentiation both in the presence and absence of ATRA, and this phenotype was reversed when PRAME was silenced in primary CML progenitors. These observations suggest that PRAME inhibits myeloid differentiation in certain myeloid leukemias, and that its function in these cells is lineage and phenotype dependent. Lastly, these observations suggest that PRAME is a target for both prognostic and therapeutic applications.
Transversus abdominis plane block: The Holy Grail of anaesthesia for (lower) abdominal surgery (2009)

The transversus abdominis plane (TAP) block is a new, rapidly expanding regional anaesthesia technique that provides analgesia following abdominal surgery.It involves a single large bolus injection of local anaesthetic into the TAP, an anatomical space between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles.This article presents the development of the TAP block over the last 10 years, with an analysis of all anatomical and case studies and randomized controlled trials, and an account of the author's own experience.Diagrams and a detailed description of the techniques contribute to a better understanding of this block.The change in technique from landmark to ultrasound guided, the expansion of indications, and changes in local anaesthetic type and quantity are described and discussed.Furthermore, comparison with similar regional anaesthesia techniques, such as rectus abdominis sheath, paravertebral and ilioinguinal/iliohypogastric blocks, clarifies similarities and differences.Some comparison with epidural analgesia is made.The advantages and disadvantages of this block are summarized.Armed with a sound knowledge of its advantages and limitation, this promising new regional anaesthesia technique can be used successfully for intra/postoperative analgesia in abdominal surgery.
Current-mode group-delay equalisation using pole–zero mirroring technique (2000)

The authors describe an efficient method for designing current-mode group-delay equalisers. The method is based on introducing zeros into the right-hand s-plane by mirroring the poles of an LC ladder network. This is achieved by developing a current-mode model capable of implementing the pole–zero mirroring technique. Using multiple-output OTAs and grounded capacitors, the model is used to derive an nth-order active group-delay equaliser structure which is simpler, has better correction accuracy and is less sensitive when compared to cascade approach based equalisers. The equaliser design involves two optimisation algorithms. The first algorithm generates a polynomial function whose group-delay response equalises the filter response. The second algorithm produces the equaliser component values as a result of solving a set of nonlinear equations generated from coefficient matching the equaliser transfer function to the polynomial generated from the first algorithm. Simulated results with CMOS OTAs and measured results based on discrete realisation of a 6th-order equaliser are included. The results demonstrate that the equaliser can effectively compensate the delay characteristics of a 7th-order 5.75 MHz lowpass elliptic video filter to < 5 ns ripple over 90% of the filter passband.
Accruals Quality and Internal Control over Financial Reporting (2007)

We examine the relation between accruals quality and internal controls using 705 firms that disclosed at least one material weakness from August 2002 to November 2005 and find that weaknesses are generally associated with poorly estimated accruals that are not realized as cash flows. Further, we find that this relation between weak internal controls and lower accruals quality is driven by weakness disclosures that relate to overall company-level controls, which may be more difficult to “audit around.” We find no such relation for more auditable, account-specific weaknesses. We find similar results using four additional measures of accruals quality: discretionary accruals, average accruals quality, historical accounting restatements, and earnings persistence. Our results are robust to the inclusion of firm characteristics that proxy for difficulty in accrual estimation, known determinants of material weaknesses, and corrections for self-selection bias.
Accumulation of mRNAs encoding synaptic vesicle‐specific proteins precedes neurite extension during early neuronal development (1993)

Abstract Synaptic vesicles are essential for neuronal synaptic function. We have analyzed the temporal and spatial pattern of mRNA accumulation of two integral membrane proteins specific for synaptic vesicles (synaptophysin and SV2) and a small GTP‐binding protein associated with the vesicles (rab3a), using in situ hybridization to mouse embryonic tissue sections. Our results indicate that transcription of these mRNAs is not synchronous in the embryo. Detectable levels of synaptophysin and rab3a mRNAs appear during early neurulation (embryonic day [ED] 9.5) both in the CNS and PNS, whereas SV2 mRNA is not observed before ED 10.5. We have also compared the accumulation of these synaptic vesicle protein transcripts during neuroblast proliferation and neuronal differentiation in vitro, using as a model system the embryonic carcinoma cell line P19 which can be induced to differentiate into neurons and glial cells. We observe that transcripts for all three proteins appear in neurons virtually simultaneously soon after withdrawal from the cell cycle. These data suggest that the program of differentiation in vitro is similar to that observed in vivo, but markedly accelerated. In both embryos and P19 cells, transcripts for these three proteins are detectable at a time when most of the neurons have withdrawn from the cell cycle, but prior to neurite extension and synapse formation. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.