gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Cuestiones sobre estabilidad del equilibrio general competitivo (2001)

En este trabajo de investigacion se presenta una reelaboracion de dos teoremas, que han sido cruciales en el estudio de la estabilidad del Equilibrio General Competitivo, desde que esta cuestion fuese planteada por Leon Walras. El primero de ellos, elaborado por K.J. Arrow, H.D. Block y L. Hurwicz, se refiere a la existencia de estabilidad en funciones de demanda no diferenciables bajo el supuesto de sustituibilidad bruta en la forma de incrementos finitos, mientras que el segundo, expuesto por H. Sonnenschein, muestra la posibilidad de que cualquier funcion continua y C1 en el dominio de definicion de los precios relativos, pueda representar la funcion de exceso de demanda agregada de una economia con dos agentes y dos bienes. El objetivo que se persigue con esta reelaboracion es reducir la complejidad con la que dichos teoremas se presentaron a la comunidad cientifica, y de esta forma, facilitar su accesibilidad y por ende, su difusion entre un mayor numero de investigadores y estudiantes, sin por ello perder la rigurosidad y validez de los procedimientos empleados. Por ultimo, en determinados casos se comentan las consecuencias, que para el estudio de la estabilidad, y en general, para la teoria economica, tuvieron los resultados de estos teoremas.
Proteasome-Independent Major Histocompatibility Complex Class I Cross-Presentation Mediated by Papaya Mosaic Virus-Like Particles Leads to Expansion of Specific Human T Cells (2006)

The development of versatile vaccine platforms is a priority that is recognized by health authorities worldwide; such platforms should induce both arms of the immune system, the humoral and cytotoxic-T-lymphocyte responses. In this study, we have established that a vaccine platform based on the coat protein of papaya mosaic virus (PapMV CP), previously shown to induce a humoral response, can induce major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I cross-presentation of HLA-A*0201 epitopes from gp100, a melanoma antigen, and from influenza virus M1 matrix protein. PapMV proteins were able to assemble into stable virus-like particles (VLPs) in a crystalline and repetitive structure. When we pulsed HLA-A*0201+ antigen-presenting cells (APCs) with the recombinant PapMV FLU or gp100, we noted that antigen-specific CD8+ T cells were highly reactive to these APCs, demonstrating that the epitope from the VLPs were processed and loaded on the MHC class I complex. APCs were preincubated with two different proteasome inhibitors, which did not affect the efficiency of peptide presentation on MHC class I. Classical presentation from an endogenous antigen was abolished in the same conditions. Clearly, antigen presentation mediated by the PapMV system was proteasome independent. Finally, PapMV-pulsed APCs had the capacity to expand highly avid antigen-specific T cells against the influenza virus M1 HLA-A*0201 epitope when cocultured with autologous peripheral blood mononuclear cells. This study demonstrates the potential of PapMV for MHC class I cross-presentation and for the expansion of human antigen-specific T cells. It makes VLPs from PapMV CP a very attractive platform to trigger cellular responses for vaccine development against chronic infectious diseases and cancers.
B—Z transition of poly(dG‐m<sup>5</sup>dC) induced by binding of Lys‐containing peptides (1991)

Effects of oligopeptides containing Lys residues on the conformation of poly(dG-m5dC) have been investigated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. Lys-Ala-Lys (KAK) and its longer analogs with Lys-Ala repeats are found to convert the B-form polynucleotide to the Z form very efficiently. The ability to induce the B-Z transition is characteristic of alternating Lys-Ala sequences and increases exponentially with increasing number of the repeats. The heptapeptide KAKAKAK has an ability comparable with that of spermine, one of the most effective inducers hitherto known. The present results provide the first example of the B-Z transition of poly(dG-m5dC) induced by peptide binding.
Purification and some properties of a thermostable DNA polymerase from a <i>Thermotoga</i> species (1990)

A stable DNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.7) has been purified from the extremely thermophilic eubacterium Thermotoga sp. strain FjSS3-B.1 by a five-step purification procedure. First, the crude extract was treated with polyethylenimine to precipitate nucleic acids. The endonuclease activity coprecipitated. DEAE-Sepharose, CM-Sephrarose, and hydroxylapatite column chromatography were used to purify the preparation. As a final step on a small scale, preparative sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used. The purified DNA polymerase exhibited a molecular weight of 85,000, as determined by both SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and size-exclusion chromatography. Its pH optimum was in the range pH 7.5-8. When assayed over the temperature range 30-80 degrees C, the maximum activity in a 30-min assay was at 80 degrees C. The enzyme was moderately thermostable and exhibited half-lives of 3 min at 95 degrees C and 60 min at 50 degrees C in the absence of substrate. Several additives such as Triton X-100 enhanced thermostability. During storage at 4 degrees C and -70 degrees C, the stability of the enzyme was improved by the addition of gelatin.
Diverse Engineered Heme Proteins Enable Stereodivergent Cyclopropanation of Unactivated Alkenes (2018)

Developing catalysts that produce each stereoisomer of a desired product selectively is a longstanding synthetic challenge. Biochemists have addressed this challenge by screening nature's diversity to discover enzymes that catalyze the formation of complementary stereoisomers. We show here that the same approach can be applied to a new-to-nature enzymatic reaction, alkene cyclopropanation via carbene transfer. By screening diverse native and engineered heme proteins, we identified globins and serine-ligated "P411" variants of cytochromes P450 with promiscuous activity for cyclopropanation of unactivated alkene substrates. We then enhanced their activities and stereoselectivities by directed evolution: just 1-3 rounds of site-saturation mutagenesis and screening generated enzymes that transform unactivated alkenes and electron-deficient alkenes into each of the four stereoisomeric cyclopropanes with up to 5,400 total turnovers and 98% enantiomeric excess. These fully genetically encoded biocatalysts function in whole <i>Escherichia coli</i> cells in mild, aqueous conditions and provide the first example of enantioselective, intermolecular iron-catalyzed cyclopropanation of unactivated alkenes.
Reliability Studies on Non Planar DRAM Cell Transistor (2007)

We have experimentally analyzed the leakage mechanism and device degradations caused by the F-N and hot carrier stresses for the recently developed DRAM cell transistors having deeply recessed channels. We have found the important difference of the leakage mechanism between S-Fin and RCAT, which have each structural benefit in the characteristics of leakage current, so we can suggest the guide lines for device structures simultaneously having the each merit in both structures.
A New Approach for Improving Reliability of Personal Navigation Devices under Harsh GNSS Signal Conditions (2013)

In natural and urban canyon environments, Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals suffer from various challenges such as signal multipath, limited or lack of signal availability and poor geometry. Inertial sensors are often employed to improve the solution continuity under poor GNSS signal quality and availability conditions. Various fault detection schemes have been proposed in the literature to detect and remove biased GNSS measurements to obtain a more reliable navigation solution. However, many of these methods are found to be sub-optimal and often lead to unavailability of reliability measures, mostly because of the improper characterization of the measurement errors. A robust filtering architecture is thus proposed which assumes a heavy-tailed distribution for the measurement errors. Moreover, the proposed filter is capable of adapting to the changing GNSS signal conditions such as when moving from open sky conditions to deep canyons. Results obtained by processing data collected in various GNSS challenged environments show that the proposed scheme provides a robust navigation solution without having to excessively reject usable measurements. The tests reported herein show improvements of nearly 15% and 80% for position accuracy and reliability, respectively, when applying the above approach.
Fuzzy supervisor based multiple model adaptive controller for systems with uncertain parameters (2003)

This paper presents a kind of multiple model adaptive controller based on fuzzy supervisor for the control system of robots with uncertain parameters. The controller uses the structure of model reference control system and adopts a fuzzy supervisor who controls the switching of respective control models instead of tuning dynamically the parameters of controller to tune control input. So a lot of calculations are avoided for tuning the parameters of controller dynamically and the dynamic response characteristics of common multiple model adaptive controller are optimized. Also performance of the whole system is improved by using the optimization based GA. Simulation results are shown to demonstrate the effectiveness of that this kind of control scheme.
A system for limb-volume measurement using 3D models from an infrared depth sensor (2013)

Lymphedema, a chronic disease caused by failure in the lymphatic system, affects nearly 500,000 people in the U.S., and over 2.4 million breast cancer survivors are at-risk for developing this disease at some point in their life. Early detection and management can significantly reduce the potential for symptoms and complications; however, many patients fail to seek medical assistance at the first sign of the disease. In this paper, we present a method for measuring limb volume and for detecting early swelling associated with lymphedema. The system relies on IR imaging sensors, such as in the Microsoft Kinect. This technique will allow for the future development of tools for self-management and specialist monitoring, and when compared to other commercially available devices, our system is less expensive, equally or more reliable/accurate, and much more user friendly.
Specific Regulation of T Helper Cell 1–mediated Murine Colitis by CEACAM1 (2004)

Carcinoembryonic antigen-related cellular adhesion molecule 1 (CEACAM1) is a cell surface molecule that has been proposed to negatively regulate T cell function. We have shown that CEACAM1 is associated with specific regulation of T helper cell (Th)1 pathways, T-bet-mediated Th1 cytokine signaling, and Th1-mediated immunopathology in vivo. Mice treated with anti-mouse CEACAM1-specific monoclonal antibody (mAb) CC1 during the effector phase exhibited a reduced severity of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid colitis in association with decreased interferon (IFN)-gamma production. Although oxazolone colitis has been reported as Th2 mediated, mice treated with the CC1 mAb or a CEACAM1-Fc chimeric protein exhibited a reduced severity of colitis in association with a significant reduction of IFN-gamma and T-bet activation, whereas signal transducer and activator of antigen 4 activation was unaffected. Both interleukin-4 and IFN-gamma gene-deficient mice exhibited less severe colitis induction by oxazolone. Direct ligation of T cells in vitro with the murine hepatitis virus spike protein, a natural ligand for the N-domain of CEACAM1, inhibited the differentiation of naive cells into Th1 but not Th2 cells and activation of Th1 but not Th2 cytokine production. These results indicate that CEACAM1 isoforms are a novel class of activation-induced cell surface molecules on T cells that function in the specific regulation of Th1-mediated inflammation such as that associated with inflammatory bowel disease.
Crystal Structure of New Oxide Superconductors, (Sm, Ba, Ce)<sub>8</sub>Cu<sub>6</sub>O<sub>z</sub>, (Nd, Ba, Sr, Ce)<sub>8</sub>Cu<sub>6</sub>O<sub>z</sub>, (La, Gd, Ba, Ce)<sub>8</sub>Cu<sub>6</sub>O<sub>z</sub> and (La, Gd, Ba, Sr, Ce)<sub>8</sub>Cu<sub>6</sub>O<sub>z</sub> (1989)

The crystal structures of superconducting oxides, (Sm 0.500 Ba 0.334 Ce 0.166 ) 8 Cu 6 O z , (Nd 0.500 Ba 0.167 Sr 0.167 Ce 0.166 ) 8 Cu 6 O z , (La 0.167 Gd 0.333 Ba 0.334 Ce 0.166 ) 8 Cu 6 O z , and (La 0.167 Gd 0.333 Ba 0.167 Sr 0.167 Ce 0.166 ) 8 Cu 6 O z were analyzed using the Rietveld method for the powder X-ray diffraction patterns. All the crystal structures were of an oxide superconductor, (Eu, Ce) 4 (Eu, Ba) 4 Cu 6 O z , type. Gd atoms were found to preferentially occupy the A 1 sites for Ce and Ln atoms in (Ln, Ce) 4 (Ln, Ba) 4 Cu 6 O z , and La and Sr atoms the A 2 sites for Ba and Ln. A relationship between the bond valence sum for the Cu atom and the superconducting transition temperature was obtained.
Comparison of Various Alkaline Solutions for H<sub>2</sub>S/CO<sub>2</sub>‐Selective Absorption Applied to Biogas Purification (2010)

Abstract Biogas is a common renewable energy resource. A very important stage of biogas upgrading, studied in the present work, is its purification from H 2 S traces. The selective absorption of H 2 S and CO 2 into oxido‐alkaline solutions containing hydrogen peroxide and into amine solutions was compared by performing absorption test runs in a cables‐bundle scrubber at 293.15 K and atmospheric pressure. The absorption rate and selectivity for H 2 S over CO 2 were determined for various solute partial pressures, different alkaline absorbents and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in the scrubbing liquid, and different pH values. Higher H 2 S‐selective absorption performances with oxido‐alkaline solutions than with amine solutions could be observed provided that the solution is at a low pH value (9.5) and contains a sufficient hydrogen peroxide concentration.
Fabrication of magnetite hollow porous nanocrystal shells as a drug carrier for paclitaxel (2010)

A facile and simple route is employed to synthesise a new type of magnetite hollow porous nanocrystal shells (HPNSs) as hydrophobic drug delivery vehicles. The morphological evolution of spherical clusters from solid to hollow porous shells is controlled in a straightforward fashion through the reaction time. The obtained magnetite HPNSs possesses high magnetization, well-defined structure, and porous shell, the channels and cavity in HPNSs benefit the drug storage, delivery, and release. The structure of HPNSs was characterized by SEM, TEM and XRD, VSM (vibrating sample magnetometer) data showed that the saturation magnetization values of the Fe3O4 HPNSs are 67.5, 73.2, 79.4, and 88.7 emu/g, corresponding to reaction times of 6, 8, 12, and 16.5 h, respectively. This result clearly proved that the crystallinity could be improved by Ostwald ripening of nanocrystals through a dissolution–recrystallization process, the formation of the hollow porous structure was promoted as well. FT-IR and TGA results showed that the porous shell facilitated paclitaxel diffusion into the cavity of hollow structure, and the drug loading of magnetite HPNSs for paclitaxel is very high (20.2 wt%). The antitumor efficacy of the drug-loaded HPNSs measured by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was clearly enhanced, compared with free drugs.
Effect of Copper-Phosphate Interaction on the Availability of Nutrients (1977)

Cu × P interaction was studied in pots, using a red soil and growing maize (Kisan composite) as a test crop. Dry matter yield of maize, as well as, uptake and concentration of Cu and P increased with increasing levels of application of either of the elements. However, P treatment led to decreased concentration of Zn and Mn, whereas Cu addition led to increased concentration of Fe and Mn. Ratios such as Cu/Fe, Cu/Zn and Cu/N increased due to P additions.
Codistribution of pericellular matrix proteins in cultured fibroblasts and loss in transformation: Fibronectin and procollagen (1978)

Antibodies to fibronectin and to distinct types of procollagens and collagens were used in immunofluorescent staining to localize these proteins in cell cultures. Normal human skin or lung fibroblasts produced a fibrillar pericellular matrix in which fibronectin and procollagen (types I and III) showed extensive codistribution. Fibronectin and procollagen were synthesized by the same cells as judged by double-stain immunofluorescence. Pericellular procollagen was specifically digested with collagenase without an effect on the fibrillar distribution of matrix fibronectin. Brief treatment with trypsin removed both matrix proteins. The human tumor cell lines HT-1080 (fibrosarcoma) and RD (rhabdomyosarcoma) produced little or no matrix fibronectin or procollagen. At sites of cell contact, simian virus 40-transformed lung fibroblasts (VA13) produced small amounts of pericellular fibrillar matrix fibronectin that codistributed with procollagen type I. Intracellular fibronectin and procollagen were visualized in all of these human sarcoma cell lines. When chicken embryo fibroblasts infected with a T class mutant (NY68) of Rous sarcoma virus temperature-sensitive for transformation were maintained at the nonpermissive temperature (41 degrees ) the cells had normal phenotype and a fibrillar matrix containing fibronectin and procollagen was present. At the permissive temperature (35 degrees ), the cells showed transformed phenotype and the matrix was lost. The failure to produce a pericellular fibronectin/collagen matrix may account for several phenotypic characteristics of transformed cultured fibroblasts.
EAP GSS Authentication Protocol (2002)

We set out to investigate the mediating roles of depression, resilience, smoking, and alcohol use, in the relationship between potentially traumatic life events and objective and subjective, physical and mental health in a single study. A face-to-face, population-based survey was conducted in Hong Kong (N = 1147). Information on health conditions and traumatic life events was obtained, and participants completed measures of subjective physical and mental health, depression, and resilience. Smoking and drinking were not significant mediators of the relationship between life events and both objective and subjective health. Depressive symptomatology was found to mediate the relationship between life threatening illness and subjective physical health, the relationship between abuse (physical and sexual) and subjective mental health, and the relationship between the death of a parent/partner and subjective mental health. Resilience was found to mediate the relationships between multiple traumatic life events and subjective physical and mental health. Our results indicate that psychological factors rather than biological are important mediators of the relationship between life events exposure and health. Our findings provide evidence that depressive symptomatology has a mediating role only in the case of specific potentially traumatic life events and that resilience is only a critical factor in the face of exposure to multiple traumatic events, rather than single events. Our results also indicate that behavioural factors, such as smoking and drinking, are not significant mediators of the relationship between life events and health.
Multimodal language processing (1998)

Multimodal interfaces enable more natural and effective humancomputer interaction by providing multiple channels through which input or output may pass. In order to realize their full potential, they need to support not just input from multiple modes, but synchronized integration of semantic content from different modes. This paper describes a multimodal language processing architecture which allows for declarative statement of multimodal integration strategies in a unification-based grammar formalism. The architecture is currently deployed in a working system enabling interaction with dynamic maps using speech and pen, but the approach is more general and supports a wide variety of other potential multimodal interfaces.
Heterodyne slope-assisted Brillouin optical time-domain analysis for dynamic strain measurements (2016)

We propose a slope-assisted Brillouin sensing scheme based on the interaction between a phase modulated probe and a pulsed pump. The modulation frequency of the probe is chosen so that both first-order modulation sidebands lie within the Brillouin gain spectrum generated by the pump field. Owing to stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS), a phase modulation to intensity modulation conversion occurs in the probe field upon interaction with the pump, producing a beat note whose amplitude grows with detuning from the SBS resonance. We show that the ratio between the amplitude of the heterodyne signal and the direct component of the probe gain provides a means for performing pump-power independent dynamic strain measurements, therefore improving the conventional slope-assisted brillouin optical time-domain analysis.
Near-infrared chemiluminescence tunable from 900 nm to 1700 nm from narrow-bandgap compounds and polymers (2012)

Near-infrared chemiluminescence tunable from 900 nm to 1700 nm was realized from the reaction of the narrow-bandgap compounds and polymers with oxalyl chloride and hydrogen peroxide. A prolonged chemiluminescent process can be achieved in solutions at low temperature or in polymer gels at room temperature.
Evaluation of flicker induced hyperemia in the retina and optic nerve head measured by Laser Speckle Flowgraphy (2018)

As shown previously with other techniques, flicker stimulation leads to an increase in retinal and optic nerve head blood flow. Our results indicate that LSFG is an appropriate method for the quantification of retinal and ONH blood flow during visual stimulation and may be used as a non-invasive, easy to use tool to assess neuro-vascular coupling in humans.
Language Migration in non-CS Introductory Programming through Mutual Language Translation Environment (2015)

In the past decade, improvements have been made to the environments used for introductory programming education, including by the introduction of visual programming languages such as Squeak and Scratch. However, migration from these languages to text-based programming languages such as C and Java is still a problem. Hence, using the OpenBlocks framework proposed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, we developed a system named BlockEditor, which can translate bidirectionally between Block (the block language used here) and Java. We conducted an empirical study of this system in an introductory programming course taken by approximately 100 university students not majoring in computer science. When students were given opportunities to select the language to solve their programming assignments, we traced their selection by tracking working time with BlockEditor or Java for each individual student. The results illustrate the nature of the seamless migration from Block to Java, and show that there is great diversity in the timing and speed of migration to Java by each individual. Additionally, we found that students with low self-evaluation of their skill chose to use Block at a significantly higher rate than did students with high self-evaluation. This suggests that BlockEditor can act as scaffolding for students by promoting mixed programming between Block and Java in their migration phase.