gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
The Transcriptome in Blood: Challenges and Solutions for Robust Expression Profiling (2005)

Peripheral blood may be the most feasible tissue source in clinical assessment of differences in gene expression between diseases and drug treatments due to accessibility. Yet, gene expression profiling from blood remains a challenge. Blood is a complicated biological system consisting of a variety of cell types at different stages of development. In addition, blood is also one of the most variable tissue types for gene expression analysis. The success of a blood microarray study depends on the choice of cell isolation method and preparation technique. In this review, we give a brief overview of the current status of using blood as a source for expression profiling and discuss potential applications of this method in the practices of clinical research.
p-Aminobenzamidine as a fluorescent probe for the active site of serine proteases. (1982)

p-Aminobenzamidine is weakly fluorescent in neutral aqueous buffer, with excitation and emission maxima at 293 and 376 nm, respectively. Binding to trypsin results in a blue shift of the emission peak to 362 nm, and 50-fold fluorescence enhancement, while binding to thrombin causes a shift to 368 nm and a 230-fold fluorescence enhancement. This phenomenon is due to hydrophobic interactions, as evidenced by the similar properties observed when p-aminobenzamidine is dissolved in solvents of decreasing polarity. The absorbance spectrum of p-aminobenzamidine is red-shifted by formation of a complex with proteases, with the major difference peak appearing at 317 nm and 323 nm for trypsin and thrombin, respectively. The difference extinction coefficients were 6000 M-1 cm-1 for trypsin complex and 13,300 M-1 cm-1 for thrombin complex at the peak wavelengths. Titration of trypsin and thrombin with the probe indicated one binding site per molecule, with dissociation constants equal to the kinetically determined inhibition constants. The KD values for trypsin and thrombin were 6.1 and 65 microM, respectively. An important potential use of this probe is in studies of inhibitor and substrate binding by rapid reaction kinetic techniques. Using this probe to study the interaction of thrombin with antithrombin III yielded a bimolecular rate constant of 8.0 x 10(3) M-1 s-1, which compares favorably with the value of 8.7 x 10(3) M-1 s-1 obtained from discontinuous assays of the rate of thrombin neutralization.
Effective magnetic permeability of granular ferromagnetic metals (1992)

The effective magnetic permeability mu and effective dielectric constant epsilon are two equally important quantities for the characterization of electromagnetic properties of composites. For granular ferromagnetic metals, however, the presence of permanent magnetic moments means that the Maxwell-Garnett theory is inapplicable to the calculation of effective mu . By extending the approach of Onsager, the authors derive a simple equation for mu whose numerical solution in the case of granular Ni shows significant deviation from unity in far-infrared and microwave frequencies. The behaviour of mu is predicted to be a sensitive function of particle size and temperature, thus making the material potentially usable as an absorber of far-infrared or microwave radiation.
A three-port Ferrite resonator circuit using coplanar waveguide (1987)

A three-port magnetically-tunable ferrite resonator circuit is proposed, which uses a ferrite resonator and coplanar waveguide on a dielectric substrate. This circuit has both resonator and isolator properties, and is applicable to a magnetically-tunable oscillator using with an active component. It is not necessary to use an additional isolator for reducing the influence of the reflected power on the oscillation. Experiments are done with YIG and CaVG ferrite. The existence of an optimum position for placing ferrite to obtaining the maximum non-reciprocity, is ascertained by the theoretical and experimental results. This circuit is simple in construction , and suitable for wide-band operation.
Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in the treatment of tissular lesions (2004)

This work addresses the therapy with hyperbaric oxygen, considering the importance of the nurses accompanying the technological advancements in the area of health. It has as aim to describe the use of the hyperbaric oxygenation, including as acceleration therapy of the cicatrisation process of tissular lesions (wounds), which is the area of working of the researchers. The methodology used was a revision of the bibliography on the theme; the research was performed in books, publications and electronic documents, comprising the period from 1999 through 2003; complemented by visits to two private institutions in Rio de Janeiro city that possess different models of hyperbaric chamber, and whose aim was to know the equipment and the service. In the results it is described the therapeutic indications, the benefits, as well as the cares and contraindications. Alerting on the importance of the multi-professional assistance, with comprehensive evaluation of the general conditions of the patient with tissular wound, with emphasis to the importance of the nurse’s work with this patients.
Rupture of Intracranial Aneurysms during Endovascular Coiling: Management and Outcomes (2001)

The rate of rupture of aneurysms during coil embolization is approximately 2 to 4%. The clinical outcome may be related to the timing of the rupture and the number of coils placed before rupture. If extravasation of contrast agent is seen, which suggests intraprocedural rupture, further coil deposition should be attempted if safely possible.
Horizontal Well Sand Cleanouts (1995)

Abstract This paper discusses sand problems occurring in Horizontal Wells located in NE Alberta and NW Saskatchewan, Western Canada. These wells are completed in the heavy oil sands at 450–750 m TVD. Typical completions utilize 0.625 mm (0.025 in.) slots in liners 500m to 1200m long. The average length is approximately 900m. Some of the horizontal wells were initially very prolific at oil rates up to 70 m3/day (450 bbl/day) with no indication of sand problems. As depletion occurred, most of the wells only experienced one incident of a sand-plugging problem requiring an expensive cleanout in the horizontal liner section. The wells required more than one sand cleanout in the build section of the intermediate casing but these were relatively inexpensive. Many innovative improvements, techniques and even complete systems designed specifically for horizontal sand cleanouts have been developed in just a few years.
Supramolecular Hydrogels Made of Basic Biological Building Blocks (2014)

As a consequence of the self-assembly of small organic molecules in water, supramolecular hydrogels are evolving from serendipitous events during organic synthesis to become a new type of materials that hold promise for applications in biomedicine. In this Focus Review, we describe recent advances in the use of basic biological building blocks for creating molecules that act as hydrogelators and the potential applications of the corresponding hydrogels. After introducing the concept of supramolecular hydrogels and defining the scope of this review, we briefly describe the methods for making and characterizing supramolecular hydrogels. We then discuss representative hydrogelators according to the categories of their building blocks, such as amino acids, nucleobases, and saccharides, and highlight the applications of the hydrogels when necessary. Finally, we offer our perspective and outlook on this fast-growing field at the interface of organic chemistry, materials, biology, and medicine. By providing a snapshot for chemists, engineers, and medical scientists, we hope that this Focus Review will contribute to the development of multidisciplinary research on supramolecular hydrogels for a wide range of applications in different fields.
Why are Green Polymerization Methods Relevant to Society, Industry, and Academics? (2011)

This chapter contains sections titled: Status and Outlook for Environmentally Benign Processes Importance of Catalysis Brief Summaries of Contributions References
Electrochemical Assay to Detect Influenza Viruses and Measure Drug Susceptibility (2015)

An electrochemical assay has been designed to rapidly diagnose influenza viruses. Exposure of a glucose-bearing substrate to influenza viruses or its enzyme, neuraminidase (NA), releases glucose, which was detected amperometrically. Two methods were used to detect released glucose. First, we used a standard glucose blood meter to detect two viral NAs and three influenza strains. We also demonstrated drug susceptibility of two antivirals, Zanamivir and Oseltamivir, using the assay. Finally, we used disposable test strips to detect nineteen H1N1 and H3N2 influenza strains using this assay in one hour. The limit and range of detection of this first generation assay is 10(2) and 10(2)-10(8) plaque forming units (pfu), respectively. Current user-friendly glucose meters can be repurposed to detect influenza viruses.
Isolation of cellulose microfibrils - An enzymatic approach (2006)

Isolation methods and applications of cellulose microfibrils are expanding rapidly due to environmental benefits and specific strength properties, especially in bio-composite science. In this research, we have success-fully developed and explored a novel bio-pretreatment for wood fibre that can substantially improve the microfibril yield, in comparison to current techniques used to isolate cellulose microfibrils. Microfibrils currently are isolated in the laboratory through a combination of high shear refining and cryocrushing. A high energy requirement of these procedures is hampering momentum in the direction of microfibril isolation on a sufficiently large scale to suit potential applications. Any attempt to loosen up the microfibrils by either complete or partial destruction of the hydrogen bonds before the mechanical process would be a step forward in the quest for economical isolation of cellulose microfibrils. Bleached kraft pulp was treated with OS1, a fungus isolated from Dutch Elm trees infected with Dutch elm disease, under different treatment conditions. The percentage yield of cellulose microfibrils, based on their diameter, showed a significant shift towards a lower diameter range after the high shear refining, compared to the yield of cellulose microfibrils from untreated fibres. The overall yield of cellulose microfibrils from the treated fibres did not show any sizeable decrease.
über die gemeinsame Einwirkung von elementarem Schwefel und gasförmigem Ammoniak auf Ketone, LXXVII. Zur Kenntnis der Umsetzung von α‐Mercaptoketonen mit Epoxiden und Episulfiden (1971)

Abstract α‐Mercaptoketone addieren sich in Gegenwart basischer Katalysatoren bei Raumtemperatur in exothermer Reaktion an Epoxide zu β‐[2‐Hydroxy‐alkylmercapto]‐ketonen 1a – e , aus denen mit 3.5‐Dinitro‐benzoylchlorid die kristallinen Dinitrobenzoesäureester entstehen (Tab. 1). – Die Verbindungen 1a – e kondensieren in Gegenwart saurer Katalysatoren zu substituierten 2.3‐Dihydro‐ p ‐oxathiinen 2a – x (Tab. 3), die auch ohne Isolierung von 1a – e direkt aus deren Ausgangssubstanzen in guten Ausbeuten erhalten werden. An ausgewählten Beispielen wird gezeigt, daß die Verbindungen 2a – x mit der äquimolaren Menge H 2 O 2 bei 0–20° p ‐Oxathiin‐ S ‐oxide 3a – c (Tab. 4), mit der 3 fach molaren Menge H 2 O 2 bei 70° p ‐Oxathiin‐ S ‐dioxide 4a – g (Tab. 5) bilden. – Analog reagieren Episulfide (Thiirane) mit α‐Mercaptoketonen zu β‐[2‐Mercapto‐alkylmercapto]‐ketonen (z. B. 5a, c ) die auch ohne vorhergehende Isolierung zu substituierten 2.3‐Dihydro‐ p ‐dithiinen 6a – o (Tab. 6) Kondensieren. Die vom Äthylensulfid hergeleiteten p ‐Dithiine 6p – s (Tab. 7) lassen sich zur Vermeidung der Äthylensulfid‐Polymerisation besser aus α‐Halogenketonen und dem Mononatriumsalz des 1.2‐Dimercapto‐äthans darstellen. – Diese neuen Synthesen für 2.3‐Dihydro‐ p ‐oxathiine bzw. ‐ p ‐dithiine besitzen durch Wahlmöglichkeit der α‐Mercaptoketone und der Epoxide bzw. Thiirane große Anwendungsbreite
Pulmonary fibrosis: a possible diabetic complication (2011)

Diabetic complications affect many organs in diabetic patients. Emerging evidence indicates that diabetes can increase the risk of pulmonary dysfunction. Early epidemiological studies from different populations on whether diabetes was an independent risk for pulmonary dysfunction were inconclusive. Recent epidemiological studies and systematic reviews clearly indicate that diabetes is an independent risk factor for pulmonary dysfunction. Given that pulmonary fibrosis is an important predictor of mortality in people with this chronic disease, whether diabetes directly causes pulmonary fibrosis is an important unresolved clinical question. This review combines recent epidemiological data with findings from basic research to indicate that diabetes induces pulmonary fibrosis. We then discuss the possible underlying mechanisms for the histological and biochemical pathology. At the end of this review, we emphasize that diabetic pulmonary fibrosis as a potential diabetic complication warrants more attention.
Urethanes and polyurethanes bearing furan moieties. 4. Synthesis, kinetics and characterization of linear polymers (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUrethanes and polyurethanes bearing furan moieties. 4. Synthesis, kinetics and characterization of linear polymersSami Boufi, Mohamed Naceur Belgacem, Joel Quillerou, and Alessandro GandiniCite this: Macromolecules 1993, 26, 25, 6706–6717Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00077a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00077a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views806Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Comparison of Angioplasty with Stenting, with or without Abciximab, in Acute Myocardial Infarction (2002)

At experienced centers, stent implantation (with or without abciximab therapy) should be considered the routine reperfusion strategy.
Fractalkine receptor polymorphisms V249I and T280M as genetic risk factors for restenosis (2005)

The chemokine fractalkine (FKN) recruits leukocytes into lesions of the arterial wall, which may lead to restenosis after stenting. FKN also regulates proliferation of smooth muscle cells, another mechanism pivotal to neointimal thickening. We assessed the hypothesis that functionally important polymorphisms of the FKN receptor CX3CR1 influence restenosis after coronary stenting. Three hundred and sixty-five patients undergoing coronary stenting were genotyped for the CX3CR1 polymorphisms V2491 and T280M. Restenosis occurred in 25% of patients, and recurrent (> 1) restenosis at the target lesion in 8%. The allele 1249 was associated with an increased risk of restenosis (adjusted odds ratio 2.4, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-4.2, P = 0.003) and recurrent restenosis (odds ratio 2.7, 95% confidence interval: 1.3-5.9, P = 0.011). Particularly, patients with 1249 lacking the allele M280 were at an elevated risk of restenosis (P = 0.006) and, accordingly, the haplotype containing 1249 but not M280 was more frequent in patients with restenosis (P = 0.001). In conclusion, the CX3CR1 1249 allele is associated with an increased risk of restenosis while the CX3CR1 M280 allele might counteract the harmful influence of 1249. These findings show the importance of the chemokine FKN and genetic variations of its receptor for restenosis after coronary stenting. Recognition of these inherited risk modifiers may help to individualize treatment of coronary stenosis.
A simple and easy-to-assemble device for polymerase chain reaction. (1990)

In this paper we describe an efficient polymerase chain reaction device which is easy to assemble and requires minimal investment in dedicated equipment. The polymerase chain reaction device consists of three waterbaths, three dual-head peristaltic pumps, an electronic timer and a fabricated water jacket capable of holding microcentrifuge tubes. This device has been successfully used to amplify human factor X genomic DNA in our laboratory.
A general strategy for the synthesis of upconversion rare earth fluoride nanocrystals via a novel OA/ionic liquid two-phase system (2011)

Herein we report a general strategy to synthesize highly uniform and monodisperse rare earth fluoride nanocrystals through a novel OA/ionic liquid two-phase system, while water-soluble hexagonal NaREF(4) nanocrystals are obtained by adding n-octanol.
Network configuration technique for home appliances (2003)

This paper presents a home network configuration technique including automatic address assignment for multiple appliances, plug-and-play and user-friendly graphic user interface to access the home network via a Web browser.
S100A4 (p9Ka) protein in colon carcinoma and liver metastases: association with carcinoma cells and T-lymphocytes (2002)

The presence of the EF-hand-calcium-binding protein S100A4 in the carcinoma cells of the primary tumour is associated with a shorter survival time of a group of breast cancer patients. In colon cancer, primary tumours as well as metastases to the liver can be studied. Here we show, using quantitative PCR applied to RNA from 24 normal colon, four liver tissues, 24 colon carcinoma specimens, and 24 livers containing colonic carcinoma metastases, that the level of S100A4 mRNA was significantly higher in the carcinomas compared to normal specimens (Mann-Whitney U-test, P=0.05), and in liver metastases compared to carcinoma specimens (P=0.039). The latter comparison included seven liver metastases and their matched primary carcinomas (P<0.001) from the same patient. In situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry techniques have localized S100A4 to both carcinoma cells and lymphocytes in the malignant specimens. The percentage of specimens stained for S100A4 in the epithelial cells is significantly higher for those isolated from carcinomas and metastases than from the corresponding normal tissue, and from metastases than from corresponding carcinoma (Fisher Exact text, P<0.0016, P=0.04, respectively). In most specimens, S100A4 is present in clusters of T lymphocytes and this distribution is also found in the lymphoid, uninflamed appendix.
Adaptive data transmission scheme for DS/SSMA system in bandlimited Rayleigh fading channel (2002)

Two basic problems which the wireless mobile communication system designers are faced with are multipath fading of the radio link and interference from other users. The spread spectrum technique is known to be effective in mitigating multipath fading and interference. We consider a convolutionally coded DS/SSMA system in bandlimited slowly Rayleigh fading channel. We examine the relationship between the code rate and the processing gain (defined as the number of chips per coded bit) in maximizing the throughput in connection with the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). It is found that the maximum throughput is attained when the code rate is chosen as low as possible irrespective of the SNR, and the processing gain is increased (decreased) as the SNR decreases (increases). Based on this observation, we propose an adaptive transmission scheme that changes the effective processing gain according to an estimate of the SNR. It is found that a significant improvement can be obtained by using the proposed scheme over the nonadaptive scheme. The effects of the channel state estimation error and the user speed are examined.
Liver transplantation: current concepts. (1988)

In this decade liver transplantation has been established as the preferred treatment for children and adults with irreversible end-stage liver disease. Biliary atresia in children and nonalcoholic cirrhosis in adults are the most common indications for the procedure. Transplantation currently plays only a minor role in the treatment of hepatic malignant disease. Blood group compatibility between donor and recipient is preferred, but histocompatibility matching (tissue typing) currently has no significant role in the selection of recipients. Approximately 70% of recipients survive for 1 year, and these patients have an excellent prospect of long-term survival. The emerging evidence indicates that the quality of life and rehabilitation of most liver recipients are good. The current success of liver transplantation can be attributed to critical selection of recipients, modern anesthetic and surgical techniques, improved perioperative care, accurate diagnosis of rejection and superior immunosuppression with cyclosporine.
Effect Size Estimation in Neuroimaging (2017)

A central goal of translational neuroimaging is to establish robust links between brain measures and clinical outcomes. Success hinges on the development of brain biomarkers with large effect sizes. With large enough effects, a measure may be diagnostic of outcomes at the individual patient level. Surprisingly, however, standard brain-mapping analyses are not designed to estimate or optimize the effect sizes of brain-outcome relationships, and estimates are often biased. Here, we review these issues and how to estimate effect sizes in neuroimaging research.
A Direct Uncertainty Minimization Framework in Model Reference Adaptive Control (2015)

This paper considers stabilization and command following of uncertain dynamical systems and presents a new adaptive control approach with improved system performance. The proposed framework consists of a novel architecture involving modification terms in the adaptive controller and the update law. Specifically, these terms are activated when the system error between an uncertain dynamical system and a given reference model, which captures a desired closed-loop dynamical system behavior, is nonzero and vanishes as the system reaches its steady-state. This key feature of our framework allows to suppress the effect of system uncertainty on the transient system response through a gradient minimization procedure, and hence, leads to improved system performance. We further show that by automatically adjusting the design parameter of the added terms in response to system variations, we can enforce system error to approximately stay in a priori given, userdefined error performance bounds. Several illustrative numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed approach.