gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Remotely triggered solar blind signaling using deep ultraviolet (UV) LEDs (2011)

The purpose of the triggered individual identification friend or foe (IIFF) patch is to covertly reduce fratricide incidents and provide related remotely triggered marking or signaling capability. This research extended previous work by evaluating solar blind UV light emitting diodes (LEDs). Due to the zero background condition ("solar blind") from 200 to 280 nm, use of a UV source in this 80 nm window can be used to create a triggered IIFF patch that works both day and night. Additionally, due to the strong wavelength dependence for scattering reactions in air, UV light may provide a means to accomplish non line of sight (NLOS) signaling. The goal of this research was to develop a working prototype of a triggered IIFF device that can be seen from a distance of 1 km, either day or night, and explore the possibility of using this device to perform NLOS signaling. Results will be presented demonstrating prototype performance in a field exercise, as well as the device characterization required to define and optimize the prototype design. Device characterization included measurements of LED intensity as a function of driving current and voltage and the determination of LED performance parameters outside the standard operating specifications.
Reversible Rotation in Magnetic Films (1958)

The magnetization of permalloy films of 0.1 to 0.3 μ thickness vacuum-deposited in a magnetic field is reversibly rotated by a pulsed external field applied at right angles to the direction of easy magnetization. The total angle of rotation is deduced from the amplitude of the detected signal or from the strength of the applied drive field. Reversible rotations of 60° or more are repeated for at least 108 cy in some films. An excessive drive field results in a loss of remanent magnetization after a few rotations. High wall-motion coercivity is a necessary but not sufficient condition for large reversible rotation angles. Films giving a large rotation tend to have open hysteresis loops in the difficult direction.
Comparative epidemiology of dependence on tobacco, alcohol, controlled substances, and inhalants: Basic findings from the National Comorbidity Survey. (1994)

Studying prevalence of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (3rd ed., rev., American Psychiatric Association, 1987) drug dependence among Americans 15-54 years old, we found about 1 in 4 (24%) had a history of tobacco dependence; about 1 in 7 (14%) had a history of alcohol dependence; and about 1 in 13 (7.5%) had a history of dependence on an inhalant or controlled drug. About one third of tobacco smokers had developed tobacco dependence and about 15% of drinkers had become alcohol dependent. Among users of the other drugs, about 15% had become dependent. Many more Americans age 15-54 have been affected by dependence on psychoactive substances than by other psychiatric disturbances now accorded a higher priority in mental health service delivery systems, prevention, and sponsored research programs. The aim of this article is to report basic descriptive findings from new research on the epidemiology of drug dependence syndromes, conducted as part of the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS). In this study, our research team secured a nationally representative sample and applied standardized diagnostic assessments in a way that allows direct comparisons across prevalence estimates and cor
Hypertension and the Brain (1992)

Neurogenic mechanisms are important in the maintenance of most forms of hypertension, yet the brain is highly vulnerable to the deleterious effects of elevated blood pressure. Hypertensive encephalopathy results from a sudden, sustained rise in blood pressure sufficient to exceed the upper limit of cerebral blood flow autoregulation. The cerebral circulation adapts to chronic less severe hypertension but at the expense of changes that predispose to stroke due to arterial occlusion or rupture.<i>Stroke</i>is a generic term for a clinical syndrome that includes focal infarction or hemorrhage in the brain, or subarachnoid hemorrhage. Atherothromboembolism and thrombotic occlusion of lipohyalinotic small-diameter end arteries are the principal causes of cerebral infarction. Microaneurysm rupture is the usual cause of hypertension-associated intracerebral hemorrhage. Rupture of aneurysms on the circle of Willis is the most common cause of nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage. Stroke is a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly among persons aged 65 years or older. Treatment of diastolic hypertension reduces the incidence of stroke by about 40%. Treatment of isolated systolic hypertension in persons aged 60 years and older reduces the incidence of stroke by more than one third. Blood pressure management in the setting of acute stroke and the role of antihypertensive therapy in the prevention of multi-infarct dementia require further study. (<i>Arch Intern Med</i>. 1992;152:938-945)
StoryBlocks (2019)

Block-based programming languages can support novice programmers through features such as simplified code syntax and user-friendly libraries. However, most block-based programming languages are highly visual, which makes them inaccessible to blind and visually impaired students. To address the inaccessibility of block-based languages, we introduce StoryBlocks, a tangible block-based game that enables blind programmers to learn basic programming concepts by creating audio stories. In this paper, we document the design of StoryBlocks and report on a series of design activities with groups of teachers, Braille experts, and students. Participants in our design sessions worked together to create accessible stories, and their feedback offers insights for the future development of accessible, tangible programming tools.
Heterogeneous expression and polymorphic genotype of glutathione S-transferases in human lung. (1994)

The distribution of GST isoenzymes in the lung is heterogeneous with an apparent decrease in GST in distal lung. Since GSTM1 status has already been associated with susceptibility to disease, the PCR assay developed will allow further studies of the relation between genotype and structural disorders in the lung using archival pathological material.
EL/M 2080 ATBM early warning and fire control radar system (2002)

ELTA Electronics Industries Ltd. has completed the assembly and the integration of two large ground-based radars (EL/M-2080) which are the search, aquisition and fire control radars of the ARROW anti-ballistic missile system. This paper describes the system concept and some of the hardware design.
Which palette to pick? (2014)

This series on using picture books for children's art activities concludes by looking at colour – the bright primaries of Miffy; pastels in Polly Dunbar's Tilly books; a yellow, green and orange 60s classic; and a flash of precious silver.
Simultaneous measurements of tissue blood flow and oxygenation using a wearable fiber-free optical sensor (2021)

The wearable DSCFO may be used for continuous and simultaneous monitoring of blood flow and oxygenation variations in freely behaving subjects.
AMP‐activated protein kinase: a potential player in Alzheimer’s disease (2011)

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) stimulates energy production via glucose and lipid metabolism, whereas it inhibits energy consuming functions, such as protein and cholesterol synthesis. Increased cytoplasmic AMP and Ca(2+) levels are the major activators of neuronal AMPK signaling. Interestingly, Alzheimer's disease (AD) is associated with several abnormalities in neuronal energy metabolism, for example, decline in glucose uptake, mitochondrial dysfunctions and defects in cholesterol metabolism, and in addition, with problems in maintaining Ca(2+) homeostasis. Epidemiological studies have also revealed that many metabolic and cardiovascular diseases are risk factors for cognitive impairment and sporadic AD. Emerging studies indicate that AMPK signaling can regulate tau protein phosphorylation and amyloidogenesis, the major hallmarks of AD. AMPK is also a potent activator of autophagic degradation which seems to be suppressed in AD. All these observations imply that AMPK is involved in the pathogenesis of AD. However, the responses of AMPK activation are dependent on stimulation and the extent of activating stress. Evidently, AMPK signaling can repress and delay the appearance of AD pathology but later on, with increasing neuronal stress, it can trigger detrimental effects that augment AD pathogenesis. We will outline the potential role of AMPK function in respect to various aspects affecting AD pathogenesis.
An efficient architecture for detection of multiple bit upsets in processor register files (2009)

With the semiconductor industry transitioning into the next generation of deep submicron technology such as 40 nm or 32 nm CMOS technology, transistors are becoming more vulnerable to malfunction due to soft errors. Due to the reduction in the supply and threshold voltages of the transistors in this smaller geometry, soft errors can affect the state of multiple numbers of transistors simultaneously. Hence, the traditional fault model of a single event upset (SEU) due to a soft error needs to be revisited and a new fault model and an associated fault tolerant architecture for circuit structures in deep submicron technology based on multiple-bit upsets (MBUs) needs to be developed. In this reseach work, we propose a novel fault tolerant architecture for the register files in a processor that can detect the MBUs in them efficiently. In this proposed method, we compute and store the Cyclic Redundancy Check (CRC) bits of a complete register which can be 32 bits or 64 bits wide, when new data is loaded into it. The CRC bits are of smaller bit size and are stored in a soft error protected memory structure using well known conventional soft error protection mechanisms such as error-correcting codes (ECCs), etc., for memory structures. When data from a register is read, first the new CRC value is computed based on the existing data value stored in that register and compared against the original CRC value stored previously in the soft error tolerant memory structure. If there is a difference in these two CRC values an error is flagged as it shows that the data is corrupted due to a soft error either by an SEU or MBUs during the time interval between the last write and the current read operation for that register. This operation is done for reading every register in the register file. Although this method introduces timing and area overheads, they are tolerable and this method of detection scales with the increase in the number registers in the register file. Finally, we present simulation results regarding the fault detection capability of this proposed method.
Using the information from reference station networks: a novel approach conforming to RTCM V2.3 and future V3.0 (2003)

In applications requiring centimeter accuracy, single baseline positioning methods are being superseded by those methods using information from permanent reference station networks. The well-known advantages afforded by reference station arrays include improved modeling of the remaining tropospheric, ionospheric and orbit biases. Methods and concepts show the improvements in performance and reliability in some closed system approaches. Standardization discussions underway within RTCM target the interoperability between reference station systems and roving receivers from various manufacturers. One obstacle in the discussion, and therefore in later interoperability issues, is the creation and proper description of the models used for deriving the biases noted above. This difficulty has to be mitigated and will vanish with time, but this interoperability is needed urgently. This paper details a different approach to utilize and distribute the information from permanent reference station networks in RTCM Version 2.3 compatible message types. Throughput calculations show their efficiency.
Differentiation of calcium(2+)- and magnesium(2+)-coordinated branched trisaccharide isomers: An electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry study (1993)

Three isomeric branched trisaccharides coordinated to calcium and magnesium were analyzed by electrospray ionization followed by tandem mass spectrometry. Studies were undertaken to optimize the singly charged metal coordinated precursor prior to MS/MS and MS/MS/MS experiments. The positioning of the glycosidic linkages between reducing and nonreducing rings could be determined in all three isomers, and the linkage of the fucose ring was obvious in two of the three isomers when calcium was used as the coordinating metal. The ionic radius and charge of the metal appear to be very important in obtaining structural information in these isomers.
Stress-induced pattern-placement errors in thin membrane masks (1994)

A simple analytical model for determining stress-induced pattern-placement errors in a variety of thin membrane masks is described. The predicted distortions for proximity x-ray, projection ion-beam, and projection electron-beam (SCALPELTM) masks, currently proposed for use with the various technologies, are compared to the maximum allowable errors for successful lithography at sub-0.25 μm design rules. This comparison indicates that these errors may have a significant impact on mask cost and cost of ownership for x-ray and ion-beam lithography.
REDUCTION OF CUPRIC OXIDE BY HYDROGEN. I. FUNDAMENTAL KINETICS (1960)

Basic studies of the kinetics of the reduction of copper oxide were made to establish the effect of the solid phase on the over-all reaction kinetics The reaction CuO + H/sub 2/ at the only rea Cu + H/sub 2/O consisted of an induction stage, an acceleration or autocatalytic stage terminating at about 35% reduction of the exide, and a decreasing-rate stage The reduction rates for each stage were dependent on the nature of the initial oxide, the degree of subdivision of the oxide, and the temperature but were independent of the mass of the oxide phase. Addition of the reaction product copper had no measurable effect on the reaction. Water vapor in concentrations of 25 mg per liter of H prevented reduction at 112 ction prod- C The inhibiting effect decreased rapidly as the temperature was increased and disappeared entirely at 190 ction prod- C. Once reduction bad started. water vapor had practically no effect The acceleration and decay stages were very closely approximated by a semiempirical equation based on the initial reaction occurring on certain active nuclei followed by a rapid growth of these nuclei by a branching-chain mechanism. The reduction rate reached a maximum and subsequentlv decreased as considerable interference occurred among the branching nuclei. Arrhenius plots gave an activation energy- of 13.5 plus or minus 1.2);cal for the reduction. (auth)
Characterization of six Merkel cell polyomavirus‐positive Merkel cell carcinoma cell lines: Integration pattern suggest that large T antigen truncating events occur before or during integration (2019)

Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC), an aggressive neuroendocrine skin tumor, is a polyomavirus-induced human cancer. To study the causal relationship of MCC carcinogenesis with the integrated Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCPyV) in detail, well-characterized MCC cell lines are needed. Consequently, in the current study, we established and characterized six MCPyV-positive MCC cell lines. Microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization revealed a stable genome carrying only a limited number of chromosomal gains and deletions. All cell lines expressed MCC markers Keratin-20 and neuron-specific enolase as well as truncated MCPyV-encoded large T antigen (LT). For five cell lines, we were able to identify the MCPyV-integration sites in introns of different genes. The LT-truncating stop codon mutations and integration sites were affirmed in the respective clinical patient samples. Inverse PCR suggested that three of the cell lines contained MCPyV genomes as concatemers. This notion was confirmed for the two cell lines with known integration sites. Importantly, our observation of distinct stop codon mutations in cell lines with concatemeric MCPyV integration indicates that these LT-truncating mutations occur before integration. In summary, we provide the detailed characterization of six MCPyV-positive MCC cell lines, which are likely to serve as valuable tools in future MCC research.
Problems Associated with the Use of Coal As a Source of<sup>14</sup>C-Free Background Material (1989)

Many 14 C dating laboratories have established that coal samples exhibit a finite 14 C age, apparently caused by contamination of the specimens before any laboratory preparation is undertaken. In this work, the possibility that the contamination is due to microbial and fungal activity in the coal substrate is considered and some suggestions are made for alternative sources of background test materials for 14 C dating laboratories. Initial results indicate that geologically formed graphites contain little 14 C and are likely to be good background test materials, especially in 14 C AMS laboratories.
Inhibitors of Renin as Potential Therapeutic Agents (1987)

Click to increase image sizeClick to decrease image sizeKey Words: : Converting enzymeangiotensinblood pressureprimateantibodiesaspartic proteinase
Site‐selective cAMP analogs induce nuclear translocation of the R<sup>II</sup> cAMP receptor protein in Ha‐MuSV‐transformed NIH/3T3 cells (1987)

Site-selective cAMP analogs, depending on the position of their substituents on the adenine ring, selectively bind to either site 1 or site 2 of the known cAMP binding sites of protein kinase. Treatment of Harvey murine sarcoma virus-transformed NIH/3T3 cells with such site-selective analogs results in growth inhibition and phenotypic reversion, and the combination of a C-8 thio or halogen analog (site 1 selective) with an N6 analog (site 2 selective) produces a synergistic effect. We report here that the growth inhibitory effect of the analogs correlates with the nuclear translocation of the RII cAMP receptor protein, the regulatory subunit of protein kinase type II. The transformed NIH/3T3 cells contained no detectable level of RII in the nucleus, whereas nontransformed NIH/3T3 cells exhibited a high level of nuclear RII. Within 30 min after treatment of the transformed cells with the site-selective analogs, immunofluorescence against the RII protein markedly increased in the cell nucleus. The nuclear translocation of the RII cAMP receptor protein is an early event in the reverse transformation of the fibroblasts treated with site-selective cAMP analogs.
Electrochemical Stability of a Carbonate Ester Electrolyte Containing Alkoxyboroxine (2011)

Abstract not Available.
HDAC inhibitor AR-42 decreases CD44 expression and sensitizes myeloma cells to lenalidomide (2015)

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy of plasma cells in the bone marrow. Despite multiple treatment options, MM is inevitably associated with drug resistance and poor outcomes. Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi's) are promising novel chemotherapeutics undergoing evaluation in clinical trials for the potential treatment of patients with MM. Although in preclinical studies HDACi's have proven anti-myeloma activity, but in the clinic single-agent HDACi treatments have been limited due to low tolerability. Improved clinical outcomes were reported only when HDACi's were combined with other drugs. Here, we show that a novel pan-HDACi AR-42 downregulates CD44, a glycoprotein that has been associated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone resistance in myeloma both in vitro and in vivo. We also show that this CD44 downregulation is in part mediated by miR-9-5p, targeting insulin-like growth factor 2 mRNA binding protein 3 (IGF2BP3), which directly binds to CD44 mRNA and increases its stability. Importantly, we also demonstrate that AR-42 enhances anti-myeloma activity of lenalidomide in primary MM cells isolated from lenalidomide resistant patients and in in vivo MM mouse model. Thus, our findings shed light on potential novel combinatorial therapeutic approaches modulating CD44 expression, which may help overcome lenalidomide resistance in myeloma patients.
Premature rupture of the membranes and barometric pressure changes. (1985)

Barometric pressure changes are thought to possibly affect premature rupture of the membranes. One hundred nine patients with this obstetric complication lived within an area small enough to be subject to the same barometric pressure changes; onset of labor was used as a comparison point in 109 control patients. The two groups did not differ when demographic data were compared. There were no differences in other obstetric complications or neonatal outcome. There was a significant increase, however, in premature membrane rupture within three hours after a fall in barometric pressure. No such increase in the onset of labor was seen in the control group.
Heat Shock Proteins in Cancer (2007)

Heat shock proteins (Hsps) are highly conserved and inhabit nearly all subcellular locations where they perform a variety of chaperoning functions including folding and unfolding of nascent polypeptides, proteins, transport of proteins, and support of antigen presentation processes. Apart from their intracellular location Hsps with a molecular weight of 70 kDa (Hsp70) also have been found on the plasma membrane of malignantly transformed cells, on virally/bacterial infected cells and in the extracellular space. Depending on their intra- and extracellular location Hsps exert either protection against environmental stress or act as potent stimulators of the immune response. In this review we address the dual function of intracellular and extracellular located small Hsps and members of the Hsp70 family and its immunological consequences for cancer immunity.
Retargetable high-level alias analysis (1986)

All optimizing compilers must deal with the problem of aliases arising due to the presence of multiple names that reference the same memory areas. Presented in this paper is a staged, high-level alias analysis methodology that provides detailed alias information to a global optimizer implemented at any level in the compilation process. The framework provides easy portability of optimizing compilers to new architectures, as well as the easy addition, of new compilers to an already existing family of optimizing compilers. The method involves the application of a set of language-specific alias rules to the source code in order to gather alias information. A language-independent component then performs a transitive closure of this information and transforms it into a presentation more suitable for use by a global optimizer. Each stage of the methodology is detailed. Results are given for an implemented family of compilers targeted for a reduced instruction set computer.
Thiazide Effect on the Mineral Content of Bone (1983)

The thiazide diuretics are known to cause calcium retention. In order to study the effect of thiazides on bone mineralization, we have measured the mineral content of bone at five sites (the distal radius, the distal ulna, the proximal radius, the proximal ulna, and the os calcis) in 1368 men with a mean age of 68 years, including 323 who were taking thiazides for hypertension. The results were adjusted for age and body-mass index. Thiazide users had significantly more bone mineral content at all five sites than did non-users. Untreated hypertensive patients and persons without hypertension had comparable bone mineral content, indicating that the higher mineral content found among thiazide users is related to the drug and not to the underlying hypertension. These findings suggest the possibility of a preventive or therapeutic role for thiazides in osteoporosis.