gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Enhancing Thermal Exchange in Humans and Practical Applications (2012)

Normal human core body temperature is regulated within a narrow range. Deviations from this range can have serious consequences in both health and disease. However, it is difficult to efficiently manipulate body heat content because of the high heat capacity of the body and the low thermal conductance of the body surface. Mammals have evolved vascular adaptations of the nonhairy skin to enable enhanced heat loss. These include arteriovenous anastomoses that bypass the nutritive capillary beds to shunt the blood into retia venosa which serve as radiators. We have quantified the area-specific heat loss from glabrous skin (palms and face) and nonglabrous skin (upper arm, back, thigh, and abdomen). Results show that the heat loss from the nonglabrous skin does not change appreciably over the course of exercise in the heat, whereas the heat loss from the glabrous skin rises to values more than five times that of the nonglabrous skin. The application of a mild vacuum increases the heat loss from the glabrous skin by an additional 33%. The effect of cooling of these different skin areas on the heart-rate response to a fixed exercise load was significantly greater for the glabrous than the nonglabrous skin. The intermittent application of vacuum cooling to the palms of individuals exercising in a hot environment had the effects of lowering the rate of rise of core temperature and enhancing performance. The vacuum-enhanced heat exchange via the glabrous skin is a disruptive technology for several reasons. It forces re-formulation of the models of human thermoregulation that are used to design thermal protective gear. It offers an effective means of treating heat and cold stress. It provides an insight into controversies about the effects of temperature on human athletic performance, and offers a means of enhancing strength and work volume training responses that are more effective than performance-enhancing supplements such as anabolic steroids. There are many potential applications of vacuum-enhanced cooling of the glabrous skin in medicine, occupational health and safety, and sport.
Accelerating CABAC encoding for multi-standard media with configurability (2006)

This paper presents the study of how to accelerate CABAC encoding for emerging heterogeneous multimedia applications. The latest image and video compression standards such as JPEG2000 and H.264 both have adopted context adaptive binary arithmetic coding to achieve performance enhancement. However, CABAC requires high computing power. After investigating computational complexity of CABAC coding, firstly, instruction level acceleration is elaborated. Secondly, a configurable accelerator for CABAC encoding in multiple standards is proposed. Benchmarking performance and implementation cost is also addressed.
Risk Analysis of Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms (2016)

Larger aneurysms are at greater risk for rupture and poor outcome. Ethnic factors may play a role in the risk of rupture.
Breaking the Blood-Biomaterial Barrier (1995)

From the Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. Presented at the Cardiovascular Science and Technology Conference, Washington, DC, December 9, 1994. Reprint requests: Dr. L. Henry Edmunds, Jr, Department of Surgery, 4 Silverstein, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104.
ICDAR2019 Competition on Scanned Receipt OCR and Information Extraction (2019)

The ICDAR 2019 Challenge on "Scanned receipts OCR and key information extraction" (SROIE) covers important aspects related to the automated analysis of scanned receipts. The SROIE tasks play a key role in many document analysis systems and hold significant commercial potential. Although a lot of work has been published over the years on administrative document analysis, the community has advanced relatively slowly, as most datasets have been kept private. One of the key contributions of SROIE to the document analysis community is to offer a first, standardized dataset of 1000 whole scanned receipt images and annotations, as well as an evaluation procedure for such tasks. The Challenge is structured around three tasks, namely Scanned Receipt Text Localization (Task 1), Scanned Receipt OCR (Task 2) and Key Information Extraction from Scanned Receipts (Task 3). The competition opened on 10th February, 2019 and closed on 5th May, 2019. We received 29, 24 and 18 valid submissions received for the three competition tasks, respectively. This report presents the competition datasets, define the tasks and the evaluation protocols, offer detailed submission statistics, as well as an analysis of the submitted performance. While the tasks of text localization and recognition seem to be relatively easy to tackle, it is interesting to observe the variety of ideas and approaches proposed for the information extraction task. According to the submissions' performance we believe there is still margin for improving information extraction performance, although the current dataset would have to grow substantially in following editions. Given the success of the SROIE competition evidenced by the wide interest generated and the healthy number of submissions from academic, research institutes and industry over different countries, we consider that the SROIE competition can evolve into a useful resource for the community, drawing further attention and promoting research and development efforts in this field.
Interpenetration of CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>3</sub>PbI<sub>3</sub> and TiO<sub>2</sub> improves perovskite solar cells while TiO<sub>2</sub> expansion leads to degradation (2017)

Perovskite solar cells have drawn much attention and achieved efficiencies over 22%, but relatively little is known about the long-term stability under photovoltaic operation. So far, stability studies have reported about the importance of degradation of each layer, but little to no consideration has been given to the whole device architecture. We investigated the stability of perovskite solar cells in order to fundamentally understand the mechanism behind efficiency improvement/degradation during device operation. We found that during operation the interfaces of the perovskite and the electron-transport layer (ETL), meso-porous TiO<sub>2</sub>, further intermix with each other, which leads to improved power conversion efficiency (PCE) during the initial operation of these solar cells. The operation-induced structural changes are examined directly by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) with in situ low-energy Ar<sup>+</sup> sputtering and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) with C<sub>60</sub> sputtering. In addition, this study describes that the primary cause of irreversible degradation during operation is due to the expansion of TiO<sub>2</sub> and ion migration throughout the perovskite solar cell.
Prototype-based MCE/GPD training for word spotting and connected word recognition (1993)

A straightforward application of PBMEC (prototype-based minimum error classifier) training to existing techniques for handling continuous speech is described. A novel MCE/GPD (minimum classification error/generalized probabilistic descent) loss function that can incorporate word spotting errors and other measures of symbolic distance between correct and incorrect categories is defined. Classification consists in a time-synchronous DTW (dynamic time warping) pass through a finite state machine; adaptation makes use of an A* based N-best algorithm and consists in propagating the derivative of the loss over the N best paths through the finite state machine. The key feature is that the loss function being optimized closely reflects the actual recognition performance of the system.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A problem generator to learn expression: evaluation in CSI, and its effectiveness (2001)

Introductory Computer Science students often do not clearly understand the concepts of operator precedence and associativity, and make mistakes when they write and evaluate expressions. In order to help them learn these concepts by solving problems, we have developed an applet that generates problems (henceforth called problet) and corrects the learner's answers. In this paper, we will describe the design and implementation of this problet.

We conducted a controlled experiment to assess the effectiveness of using the problet. Results indicate that using the problet improved learning by 18%. We will describe our experiment and present its results.
Internal Magnetic Field Analysis and Synthesis for Prescribed Magnetoelastic Delay Characteristics (1966)

A systematic procedure is given for synthesizing the internal magnetic field required to realize prescribed magnetoelastic delay characteristics. The method is based on the expression Tr = (2/c) {y+ω[γHi′(y, He)]−1} for the transit time of magnetoelastic waves in ferromagnetic insulators. Here Hi′(y, He) is the gradient of the internal magnetic field at the turning point, and He is the external magnetic field. Some necessary conditions for physical realizability are discussed and a delay-bandwidth invariant is demonstrated. Field distributions are obtained having the characteristics: (a) ∂Tr/∂ω = 0, independent of ω at specified Hi(0, He), and (b) ∂Tr/∂ω = 0, independent of Hi(0, He) at specified ω. The last case is used as a basis for evaluating the bandwidth capabilities of magnetoelastic variable delay lines. Limitations on the bandwidth, delay variation, and delay distortion are discussed. Realization of a desired internal magnetic field is greatly simplified by a method for determining the field from measurements of the transit time Tr(ω, He) of magnetoelastic pulses and the separation Sm(ω, He) in magnetic field between adjacent standing-wave modes. The relation Hi′ = ωSm/πc gives y = Φ(ω/γ, He) = (c/2)[Tr−2π/γSm] in terms of measurable quantities; inversion of the function Φ at constant He recovers the internal field in the form ω/γ = Hi(y, He). This method has been applied to data from an yttrium iron garnet rod immersed in a steady, uniform, axial field He; a comparison of the measured results with existing theory is presented.
CD24 (heat stable antigen, nectadrin), a novel keratinocyte differentiation marker, is preferentially expressed in areas of the hair follicle containing the colony-forming cells (1996)

We have isolated, by subtractive and differential hybridization from a library constructed from keratinocyte colony-forming cells (K-CFCs), a cDNA coding for the rat CD24 (nectadrin, heat stable antigen). CD24, a glycoprotein thought to be involved in cell-cell adhesion and signalling, is highly expressed in keratinocytes located in the bulge area of the rat vibrissa which contains the most K-CFCs. CD24 is also expressed in the outer epithelial sheath of human hair follicles and in glabrous epidermis. However, its expression is not restricted to K-CFCs as demonstrated by cell sorting experiments, and it is thus not a specific marker of clonogenic keratinocytes. Rather, its preferential distribution in keratinocytes located in the most innervated area of the rat vibrissal follicle, i.e., the bulge, suggests that is function could be related to the tactile role of the hair follicle.
Targeting the bradykinin B1 receptor to reduce pain (2006)

The bradykinin B1 receptor is an inducible G-protein-coupled receptor. It is induced or upregulated at the site of inflammation or injury. A large body of preclinical data supports the development of B1 antagonists as novel therapeutics for the treatment of pain and inflammation. The necessary in vitro and in vivo drug discovery tools are currently available to evaluate novel B1 antagonists. Two major classes of small-molecule B1 antagonists, arylsulfonamide-based and biphenyl-based B1 antagonists, have been disclosed in the last few years.
Computer vision applications (1994)

article Free Access Share on Computer vision applications Authors: W. E. L. Grimson Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Massachusetts Institute of Technology, CambridgeView Profile , J. L. Mundy General Electric Research and Development Center, Schenectady, NY General Electric Research and Development Center, Schenectady, NYView Profile Authors Info & Claims Communications of the ACMVolume 37Issue 3March 1994 pp 44–51https://doi.org/10.1145/175247.175251Online:01 March 1994Publication History 9citation1,150DownloadsMetricsTotal Citations9Total Downloads1,150Last 12 Months42Last 6 weeks4 Get Citation AlertsNew Citation Alert added!This alert has been successfully added and will be sent to:You will be notified whenever a record that you have chosen has been cited.To manage your alert preferences, click on the button below.Manage my AlertsNew Citation Alert!Please log in to your account Save to BinderSave to BinderCreate a New BinderNameCancelCreateExport CitationPublisher SiteeReaderPDF
LXVI.—Anacardic acid (1887)

S. Ruhemann and S. Skinner, J. Chem. Soc., Trans., 1887, 51, 663 DOI: 10.1039/CT8875100663
Chelators Depigment and Inorease Elasticity of Mink Skin (1987)

Abstract The effect of subcutaneous injection of four Cu2+ and Fe2+ ion chelators was studied in scanblack minks. The pattern of macromolecular connective tissue components, histology and biochemistry of the skin were analyzed. The purpose of the two experiments performed was to try to establish the influence of age and the interrelationship of skin and hair depigmentation occasionally observed in minks. Further determinations included levels and pattern of serum proteins, copper, iron and zinc as well as level of various enzymes in serum. Adrenaline and the higher dose of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate are shown to produce skin and hair depigmentation, increase elasticity of mink skin and also to disturb hair growth. All chelators produced increased levels of copper, iron and zinc in serum. Urinary excretion of a glycosaminoglycan fraction more cationic than sulfated glycosaminoglycans and suggested to be related to the unsulfated hyaluronic acid and/or chondroitin by the chelator-injected minks, is reported. No alteration of mink fur quality is found under the effect of chelators. The observed phenomena of depigmentation and increased elasticity of the skin are discussed, assuming alteration/inhibition of two metalloenzymes, having copper present in the protein structure and requiring Cu2+/Fe2+ ions as cofactors, i.e. tyrosine hydroxylase and lysyl oxidase. The observed increased elasticity of the skin may be equivalent to the same phenomenon noticed in type V Ehlers-Danlos' syndrome with deficiency of lysyl oxidase and decreased collagen cross-links formation.
Biosynthesis of the Secreted 24 K Isoforms of Prolactin* (1989)

PRL exists within the mammotroph population in a number of different molecular forms. Several of these forms are best described as isoforms, as they have the same mol wt (24 K), but differ in their net charges. In this study we have used in vitro translation assays to ascertain the number of 24 K translation products of normal pituitary messenger RNA (mRNA), and, finding only one, have used both in vitro translation assays and subcellular fractionation to determine the intracellular site of the posttranslational modification of this single translation product. Translation of mRNA from normal pituitary tissue or GH3 cells resulted in the apparent production of a number of pre-PRLs, but in only a single rough microsome-processed form of PRL, 24 K isoform 2. Longer term translation assays utilizing a variety of isotopes failed to show any evidence for rough microsomal posttranslational modification of isoform 2. Subcellular fractionation, using a discontinuous sucrose gradient, however, produced a membrane-bound large secretory granule fraction which, when isolated, contained essentially only isoform 2, and which had the capacity to convert isoform 2 to isoforms 3 and 3' by posttranslational phosphorylation.
Volumetric Structural Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Pediatric Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder: A Systematic Review (2012)

Methodological differences may account for some of this inconsistency and additional volume-based studies in pediatric anxiety disorders using more uniform approaches are needed.
Temperature-to-power mapping (2010)

Accurate power maps are useful for power model validation, process variation characterization, leakage estimation, and power optimization, but are hard to measure directly. Deriving power maps from measured thermal maps is the inverse problem of the power-to-temperature mapping, extensively studied through thermal simulation. Until recently this inverse heat conduction problem has received little attention in the microarchitecture research community. This paper first identifies the source of difficulties for the problem. The inverse mapping is then performed by applying constraints from microarchitecture-level observations. The inherent large sensitivity of the resultant power map is minimized through thermal map-filtering and constrained least-squares optimization. Choices of filter parameters and optimization constraints are investigated and their effects are evaluated. Furthermore, the paper highlights the differences between the grid and block modeling in the inverse mapping which were often ignored by previous schemes. The proposed methods reduce the mapping error by more than 10× compared to unoptimized solutions. To our best knowledge this is the first work to quantitatively evaluate and minimize the noise effect in the temperature to power mapping problem at the microarchitecture level for both grid and block mode, and for the steady and transient case.
Test-model based hierarchical DFT synthesis (2002)

With increasing design sizes and adoption of System on a Chip (SoC) methodology, design synthesis and test automation tools are hitting capacity and performance bottlenecks. Currently, hierarchical synthesis flows for large designs lack complete designfor-test (DFT) support. With this paper, we address a solution, involving the introduction of test models in a traditional DFT synthesis flow, that we term Hierarchical DFT Synthesis (HDS). We discuss the use of Core Test Language (CTL) based test models combined with physical and timing models to provide a complete flow for chip-level DFT. In doing so we address some challenges the new flow presents such as Design Rule Checking (DRC), DFT architecting and optimization. We describe methods to overcome these challenges thereby presenting a new methodology to handle complex next generation designs.
Self-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols containing a polar aromatic group: effects of the dipole position on molecular packing, orientation, and surface wetting properties (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSelf-assembled monolayers of alkanethiols containing a polar aromatic group: effects of the dipole position on molecular packing, orientation, and surface wetting propertiesStephen D. Evans, Edward Urankar, Abraham Ulman, and Nancy FerrisCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1991, 113, 11, 4121–4131Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00011a010https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00011a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1521Altmetric-Citations174LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Hypoxic preconditioning protects cultured neurons against hypoxic stress via TNF-α and ceramide (2000)

Brief “preconditioning” ischemia induces ischemic tolerance (IT) and protects the animal brain from subsequent otherwise lethal ischemia. Identification of the signaling steps most proximal to the development of the IT will allow induction of the resistance to ischemia shortly after the onset of stroke. Animal studies demonstrate a key role of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in induction of IT. The sphingolipid ceramide is known as a second messenger in many of the multiple effects of TNF-α. We hypothesized that ceramide could mediate IT. We demonstrate that preconditioning of rat cortical neurons with mild hypoxia protects them from hypoxia and O 2 -glucose deprivation injury 24 h later (50% protection). TNF-α pretreatment could be substituted for hypoxic preconditioning (HP). HP was attenuated by TNF-α-neutralizing antibody. HP and TNF-α pretreatment cause a two- to threefold increase of intracellular ceramide levels, which coincides with the state of tolerance. Fumonisin B 1 , an inhibitor of ceramide synthase, attenuated ceramide upregulation and HP. C-2 ceramide added to the cultures right before the hypoxic insult mimicked the effect of HP. Ceramide did not induce apoptosis. These results suggest that HP is mediated via ceramide synthesis triggered by TNF-α.