gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Sorting of EGF and transferrin at the plasma membrane and by cargo-specific signaling to EEA1-enriched endosomes (2008)

The biological function of receptors is determined by their appropriate trafficking through the endosomal pathway. Following internalization, the transferrin (Tf) receptor quantitatively recycles to the plasma membrane, whereas the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor undergoes degradation. To determine how Tf and EGF engage these two different pathways we imaged their binding and early endocytic pathway in live cells using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF-M). We find that EGF and Tf bind to distinct plasma membrane regions and are incorporated into different endocytic vesicles. After internalization, both EGF-enriched and Tf-enriched vesicles interact with endosomes containing early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1). EGF is incorporated and retained in these endosomes, while Tf-containing vesicles rapidly dissociate and move to a juxtanuclear compartment. Endocytic vesicles carrying EGF recruit more Rab5 GTPase than those carrying Tf, which, by strengthening their association with EEA1-enriched endosomes, may provide a mechanism for the observed cargo-specific sorting. These results reveal pre-endocytic sorting of Tf and EGF, a specialized role for EEA1-enriched endosomes in EGF trafficking, and a potential mechanism for cargo-specified sorting of endocytic vesicles by these endosomes.
Is knee joint proprioception worse in the arthritic knee versus the unaffected knee in unilateral knee osteoarthritis? (1997)

Impaired proprioception is not exclusively a local result of disease in knee OA. The relative importance of impaired proprioception in the development and progression of knee OA will require longitudinal study.
Indoor-outdoor positioning and lifelog experiment with mobile phones (2007)

We developed a lifelog system that utilizes user's mobile phones. User's position, which is closely related to the user's activity and experience, is tracked by GPS in outdoors and by a newly developed positioning system utilizing signal strength of Bluetooth in indoors. The mobile phone is also equipped with a supplementary function that lets the user record his/her current activity by simple key stroke. Lifelog experiment for 76 consecutive days has been carried out using these positioning systems and logging tool. Analysis on lifelog data and some useful parameters for predicting user's next behavior are presented.
Elemental Mapping Using a Field Emission Transmission Electron Microscope with an Imaging Filter (1995)

An imaging filter has been equipped on a field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM) when used for elemental mapping of 3d metals like chromium and iron. High spatial resolution of the elemental maps can be obtained because of the reduction of the chromatic broadening owing to the narrowed energy window and small collection angle. The spatial resolution is estimated as about 1 nm when using a multilayer specimen. Elemental mapping of stainless steels is also performed and the obtained elemental maps of chromium and iron agree fairly well with the results obtained by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX).
Low-temperature neutron irradiation tests of superconducting magnet materials using reactor neutrons at KUR (2012)

Radiation resistant superconducting magnets are required for high intensity particle accelerators and associated secondary particle beamlines, such as the LHC upgrade and the COMET experiment at J-PARC. Expected neutron fluence on the superconducting coils reaches 10 21 n/m 2 or higher, therefore the magnet should be designed taking into account the irradiation effects. Irradiation tests for superconducting magnet materials have been carried out using reactor neutrons at Kyoto Univ. Research Reactor Institute. As a first step of the experiment, aluminum alloy stabilizer for superconducting cable was exposed to the reactor neutrons at low temperature and the resistance has been measured in situ during neutron exposure.
Influence of laser read and bias power levels on the performance of thermomagnetooptic recording media (1990)

Read and bias power levels are capable of noticeably altering the response of thermomagnetooptic recording materials. The heating caused by the read power can decrease signal levels due to the temperature dependence of the polar Kerr rotation. Preheating caused by bias power levels also influences media sensitivity and responses during the writing process. Increased bias levels reduce the optimum recording power and increase the severity of mark length variations caused by write power fluctuations. Simple predictive expressions were derived to describe the influence of bias and read power levels during the mark formation and readout processes. The predicted results were in good qualitative and quantitative agreement with experimental observations.
Origin and Reduction of <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mn>1</mml:mn><mml:mo stretchy="false">/</mml:mo><mml:mi>f</mml:mi></mml:math> Magnetic Flux Noise in Superconducting Devices (2016)

Low-frequency $1/f$ noise in magnetic flux is a dominant source of dephasing in superconducting qubits. Its origin has been a longstanding open question in condensed matter and device physics. The authors identify adsorbed O${}_{2}$ (paramagnetic, due to its spin triplet state) as the major contributor to magnetism and flux noise in superconducting thin-film devices, and show that improving a sample's vacuum environment leads to significant noise reduction. These results open the door to improved superconducting sensors and qubits with enhanced coherence times.
A new multifunctional Schiff base as a fluorescence sensor for Al<sup>3+</sup>and a colorimetric sensor for CN<sup>−</sup>in aqueous media: an application to bioimaging (2014)

A multifunctional fluorescent and colorimetric receptor 1 ((E)-N'-((8-hydroxy-1,2,3,5,6,7-hexahydropyrido[3,2,1-ij]quinolin-9-yl)methylene)benzohydrazide) for the detection of both Al(3+) and CN(-) in aqueous solution has been developed. Receptor 1 exhibited an excellent selective fluorescence response toward Al(3+). The sensitivity of the fluorescent based assay (0.193 μM) for Al(3+) is far below the limit in the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for drinking water (7.41 μM). In addition, receptor 1 showed an excellent detection ability in a wide pH range of 4-10 and also in living cells. Moreover, receptor 1 showed a highly selective colorimetric response to CN(-) by changing its color from colorless to yellow immediately without any interference from other anions.
Effects of halothane and enflurane on firing threshold of frog myelinated axons. (1989)

1. Firing thresholds and conduction latencies of single myelinated axons in frog sciatic nerves were monitored during impulse activity in vitro. Resting threshold and the activity dependence of threshold were studied as a function of the concentration of two inhalational anaesthetic agents, halothane and enflurane. 2. At concentrations comparable to those obtained during general anaesthesia both agents produced biphasic effects on the resting threshold. A step increase in the partial pressure of anaesthetic was followed first by a transient lowering of threshold, then by a slow rise to a steady-state level above the original baseline. Step decreases in anaesthetic were followed by transient rises before threshold dropped. Transients lasted 20-30 min. During these threshold transients, the average latency of impulse conduction changed monotonically. The prolongation of latency following an increase in anaesthetic was progressive, reaching steady state concurrently with threshold (20 min to greater than 1 h). 3. The anaesthetics reduced the long-lasting increased threshold ('depression') which normally follows repetitive impulse activity in axon membrane. 4. These actions of halothane at concentrations of 0.25-2.7% (0.14-1.54 mM) and enflurane at concentrations of 0.62-3.08% (0.35-1.73 mM) on resting threshold and on the activity-dependent increase in threshold increased monotonically with anaesthetic concentration. 5. The effects on excitability at steady state are consistent with block of voltage-dependent Na+ and K+ channels by these inhalational agents. Reduced depression may occur because the anaesthetics reduce the net ion transfer per impulse, slowing the substrate-driven Na+-K+-ATPase and thereby reducing electrogenic hyper-polarization. 6. The finding that general anaesthetics inhibit depression at clinically relevant concentrations supports the possibility that general anaesthesia is produced by inhibition of processes that modulate excitability of nerve membrane. We suggest that general anaesthetics produce unconsciousness and amnesia because they disrupt activity-dependent processes, which may thus remove temporal 'context' essential for interpreting nerve impulse patterns.
Fluid-driven origami-inspired artificial muscles (2017)

Artificial muscles hold promise for safe and powerful actuation for myriad common machines and robots. However, the design, fabrication, and implementation of artificial muscles are often limited by their material costs, operating principle, scalability, and single-degree-of-freedom contractile actuation motions. Here we propose an architecture for fluid-driven origami-inspired artificial muscles. This concept requires only a compressible skeleton, a flexible skin, and a fluid medium. A mechanical model is developed to explain the interaction of the three components. A fabrication method is introduced to rapidly manufacture low-cost artificial muscles using various materials and at multiple scales. The artificial muscles can be programed to achieve multiaxial motions including contraction, bending, and torsion. These motions can be aggregated into systems with multiple degrees of freedom, which are able to produce controllable motions at different rates. Our artificial muscles can be driven by fluids at negative pressures (relative to ambient). This feature makes actuation safer than most other fluidic artificial muscles that operate with positive pressures. Experiments reveal that these muscles can contract over 90% of their initial lengths, generate stresses of ∼600 kPa, and produce peak power densities over 2 kW/kg-all equal to, or in excess of, natural muscle. This architecture for artificial muscles opens the door to rapid design and low-cost fabrication of actuation systems for numerous applications at multiple scales, ranging from miniature medical devices to wearable robotic exoskeletons to large deployable structures for space exploration.
Theranostic Nanomedicine (2011)

Nanomedicine formulations aim to improve the biodistribution and the target site accumulation of systemically administered (chemo)therapeutic agents. Many different types of nanomedicines have been evaluated over the years, including for instance liposomes, polymers, micelles and antibodies, and a significant amount of evidence has been obtained showing that these submicrometer-sized carrier materials are able to improve the balance between the efficacy and the toxicity of therapeutic interventions. Besides for therapeutic purposes, nanomedicine formulations have in recent years also been increasingly employed for imaging applications. Moreover, paralleled by advances in chemistry, biology, pharmacy, nanotechnology, medicine and imaging, several different systems have been developed in the last decade in which disease diagnosis and therapy are combined. These so-called (nano) theranostics contain both a drug and an imaging agent within a single formulation, and they can be used for various different purposes. In this Account, we summarize several exemplary efforts in this regard, and we show that theranostic nanomedicines are highly suitable systems for monitoring drug delivery, drug release and drug efficacy. The (pre)clinically most relevant applications of theranostic nanomedicines relate to their use for validating and optimizing the properties of drug delivery systems, and to their ability to be used for pre-screening patients and enabling personalized medicine. Regarding the former, the combination of diagnostic and therapeutic agents within a single formulation provides real-time feedback on the pharmacokinetics, the target site localization and the (off-target) healthy organ accumulation of nanomedicines. Various examples of this will be highlighted in this Account, illustrating that by non-invasively visualizing how well carrier materials are able to deliver pharmacologically active agents to the pathological site, and how well they are able to prevent them from accumulating in potentially endangered healthy tissues, important information can be obtained for optimizing the basic properties of drug delivery systems, as well as for improving the balance between the efficacy and the toxicity of targeted therapeutic interventions. Regarding personalized medicine, it can be reasoned that only in patients which show high levels of target site accumulation, and which respond well to the first couple of treatment cycles, targeted therapy should be continued, and that in those in which this is not the case, other therapeutic options should be considered. Based on these insights, we expect that ever more efforts will be invested in developing theranostic nanomedicines, and that these systems and strategies will contribute substantially to realizing the potential of personalized medicine.
Do implanted pacemaker leads and ICD leads cause metal-related artifact in cardiac PET/CT? (2005)

Although pacemaker leads do not appear to cause artifact in cardiac PET/CT images, ICD leads frequently do result in artifacts of sufficient magnitude to impact clinical image interpretation. Accordingly, software-based corrections in CT-AC algorithms appear necessary for accurate cardiac imaging with PET/CT.
Rheology of joint fluid in total knee arthroplasty (2001)

Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2001.
Degradation and cell culture studies on block copolymers prepared by ring opening polymerization of ϵ‐caprolactone in the presence of poly(ethylene glycol) (2004)

Poly(epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) and its block copolymers with poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were prepared by ring-opening polymerization of epsilon-caprolactone in the presence of ethylene glycol or PEG, using zinc metal as catalyst. The resulting polymers were characterized by various analytical techniques such as (1)H NMR, SEC, DSC, IR, X-ray, ESEM, and CZE. PCL/PEG copolymers with long PCL chains presented the same crystalline structure as PCL homopolymer, whereas PEG-bearing short PCL blocks retained the crystalline structure of PEG and exhibited an amphiphilic behavior in aqueous solutions. Degradation of PCL and PCL/PEG diblock and triblock copolymers was realized in a 0.13 M, pH 7.4 phosphate buffer at 37 degrees C. The results indicated that the copolymers exhibited higher hydrophilicity and degradability compared with the PCL homopolymer. Large amounts of PEG were released from the bulk after 60 weeks' degradation. In vitro cell culture studies were conducted on scaffolds manufactured via solid free form fabrication by using primary human and rat bone marrow derived stromal cells (hMSC, rMSC). Light, scanning electron, and confocal laser microscopy, as well as immunocytochemistry, showed cell attachment, proliferation, and extracellular matrix production on the surface, as well as inside the scaffold architecture. Copolymers showed better performance in the cell culture studies than the PCL homopolymer.
Initial Oxidation Products in the Metabolism of Pyrene, Anthracene, Fluorene, and Dibenzothiophene by the White Rot Fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (1996)

The initial metabolites in the degradation of pyrene, anthracene, fluorene, and dibenzothiophene by Pleurotus ostreatus were isolated by high-pressure liquid chromatography and characterized by UV-visible, gas-chromatographic, mass-spectrometric, and (sup1)H nuclear magnetic resonance spectral techniques. The metabolites from pyrene, dibenzothiophene, anthracene, and fluorene amounted to 45, 84, 64, and 96% of the total organic-solvent-extractable metabolites, respectively. Pyrene was metabolized predominantly to pyrene trans-4,5-dihydrodiol. Anthracene was metabolized predominantly to anthracene trans-1,2-dihydrodiol and 9,10-anthraquinone. In contrast, fluorene and dibenzothiophene were oxidized at the aliphatic bridges instead of the aromatic rings. Fluorene was oxidized to 9-fluorenol and 9-fluorenone; dibenzothiophene was oxidized to the sulfoxide and sulfone. Circular dichroism spectroscopy revealed that the major enantiomer of anthracene trans-1,2-dihydrodiol was predominantly in the S,S configuration and the major enantiomer of the pyrene trans-4,5-dihydrodiol was predominantly R,R. These results indicate that the white rot fungus P. ostreatus initially metabolizes polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons by reactions similar to those previously reported for nonligninolytic fungi. However, P. ostreatus, in contrast to nonligninolytic fungi, can mineralize these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. The identity of the dihydrodiol metabolites implicates a cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase mechanism.
An economical method for calculating the discrete Fourier transform (1968)

With the advent of digital computers it became possible to compute the Discrete Fourier Transform for a large number of input points in relatively reasonable times. However, for certain uses a demand developed to compute the Discrete Fourier Transform in a very short time or even in real time. Also, a demand developed for computing the Fourier Transform for a very large number of input points. These demands resulted in a requirement for computing the Fourier Transform in the fastest time possible. A very economical way for computing the Fourier Transform was developed a few years ago and is known as the Cooley-Tukey Algorithm. This article describes another algorithm for computing the Discrete Fourier Transform where the required number of additions and subtractions is the same as in the Cooley-Tukey Algorithm; but the required number of multiplications is only one half of that in the Cooley-Tukey Algorithm.
Preparation and properties of PP/PC/POE blends (2009)

Abstract In order to develop PP (polypropylene)‐based blends with balanced toughness and rigidity, the poly‐blends of PP/PC (polycarbonate)/POE (ethylene–octene copolymer) were prepared by applying styrene–ethylene–propylene–styrene (SEPS) as the macromolecular compatibilizer. The compatibilizing effect was studied in terms of the mechanical, morphologies and thermal properties, and the compatibilized PP‐based blends presented remarkable improvement in impact toughness and balanced tensile strength due to the formed special morphology structure. Additionally, by preparing the pre‐blend of PC/SEPS, the melt viscosity of the PP matrix can match that of the dispersed phase PC and POE, which led to a further improvement in the mechanical property of the blends. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evaluation on enterprise WLAN techniques (2013)

802.11 WLANs are getting more and more popular. Even though an independent WLAN works in an optimal manner, many problems occur when they are deployed densely particularly with the advancement of new standards and new devices supporting dual- or non-standard features. Research community has been exploring an integrated system to monitor or control the APs and clients so that the network performance can be maximized. Enterprise WLAN (EWLAN) uses a central controller to address problems arising from a collection of APs and their associated clients due to their behavior with the lack of knowledge of other APs and clients in the proximity. This article presents EWLAN's architecture and characteristics. Then it presents a survey on several solutions in terms of interference mitigation, traffic balance, and mobility support.
Vascular Isolation in Treatment of Juxtahepatic Venous Injuries (1971)

Juxtahepatic venous injuries have usually been lethal. Isolation of such a venous injury from hepatic venous drainage and from the systemic venous circulation should enhance the likelihood of success in treatment. Such isolation may be achieved by occlusion of the vena cava above and below the liver or by insertion of a vena caval shunt. In either instance there must be simultaneous occlusion of afferent blood flow to the liver. One or the other of these methods were employed in six patients with juxtahepatic venous injuries, three of whom were long-term survivors. Experimental studies designed to determine the most desirable way to achieve vascular isolation of juxtahepatic venous injuries suggest that the use of multiple occlusive clamps is a simpler and more direct method to achieve vascular isolation than is the insertion of a vena caval shunt.
Novel Bio-Inspired Approach for Fault-Tolerant VLSI Systems (2012)

Living organisms are complex systems, and yet they possess extremely high degrees of reliability. Since failures are local, their repair will often be taken on the local (cell) level. Engineers have long sought systems that could offer similar reliability and have relatively recently started trying to integrate ideas inspired by nature into the modern silicon technology of today. While bio-inspired proposals inspired by multicellular systems demonstrated feasibility, the resulting systems were often unduly complex. We are proposing a radically new methodology inspired by the characteristics, morphology, and behavior of simpler prokaryotic bacteria and bacterial communities. The hypothesis we use is that such simple unicellular organisms could help to build simpler cost effective systems, but with improved reliability than hitherto achieved by other methods. The result is a cellular array-based fault-tolerant electronic system with online self-test and self-repair capability. These ideas are simulated, tested, and verified through the successful construction of demonstrators: a proportional, integral, and differential and a robot controller. This paper discusses the underlying biological principles that guide our research and the bio-inspired model that we have derived. It also gives a detailed circuit and system description of the architecture and its run-time self-diagnostic and self-repair capability.
Non-Linear Localized Modes Give Rise to a Reflective Optical Limiter (2013)

Optical limiters are designed to transmit low intensity light, while blocking the light with excessively high intensity. A typical passive limiter absorbs excessive electromagnetic energy, which can cause its overheating and destruction. We propose the concept of a layered reflective limiter based on resonance transmission via a non-linear localized mode. Such a limiter does not absorb the high level radiation, but rather reflects it back to space. Importantly, the total reflection occurs within a broad frequency range and for an arbitrary direction of incidence. The same concept can be applied to infrared and microwave frequencies.