gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Comparison of O-Type HybridKnife to Conventional Knife in Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection for Gastric Mucosal Lesions (2016)

Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has been accepted as a minimal invasive alternative to surgery for localized superficial gastrointestinal neoplasms recently. However, the procedure remains to be technically challenging and time consuming. A new dissecting knife with partially insulated tip has been recently developed with built-in injection capability. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the efficiency of ESD procedure could be improved with this new device. A total of 78 patients, who underwent ESD with gastric mucosal lesions including flat type polyps, adenoma or early gastric cancer, were randomly assigned to either ESD with O-type HybridKnife or conventional ESD knives without waterjet. Procedure time and related factors of ESD were analyzed. ESD procedure time was 43.0 (interquartile range, IQR 27.0–60.0) minutes in HybridKnife group compared to 60.5 (IQR 44.0–86.3) minutes in the control group (P = 0.001). There was no difference in the clinical outcome and the adverse event rate. The former demonstrated more favorable results in lesions ≤4 cm of specimen size (P ≤ 0.0001) and when located in the distal stomach (P = 0.001), also in lesions with fibrosis (P = 0.008). Multivariate regression analysis showed that O-type Knife (P ≤ 0.0001), specimen size (P ≤ 0.0001), and fibrosis (P ≤ 0.0001) were independent predictors of procedure time. The O-type HybridKnife yielded faster procedure time compared to the conventional knives in gastric ESD with a similar safety profile.
Iron-repressible outer membrane proteins of Helicobacter pylori involved in heme uptake (1995)

Helicobacter pylori is known to be a causative agent of gastritis and peptic ulcer disease in humans. The acquisition of iron from the human host may contribute greatly to the virulence of this organism. To study this, H. pylori was cultured under iron-restrictive conditions to induce synthesis of possible iron-regulated outer membrane proteins. This was achieved by the addition of 20% (vol/vol) heat-inactivated newborn calf serum, which contains iron-binding proteins like transferrin and albumin, and no free iron. The newborn calf serum was able to bind free ionic iron in brucella broth culture medium. Electrophoretic analysis of outer membrane preparations from H. pylori cultured under conditions of iron restriction showed several proteins to be present at elevated levels. These appeared to be iron-repressible outer membrane proteins (IROMPs). In addition, IROMPs with molecular sizes of 77, 50, and 48 kDa were isolated by use of hemin-agarose affinity chromatography. These three heme-binding IROMPs might be involved in the uptake of heme from the host and might therefore be important virulence factors of H. pylori.
FRONT-END ELECTRONICS FOR IMAGING DETECTORS. (2000)

No abstract prepared.
Ledipasvir and Sofosbuvir Plus Ribavirin for Treatment of HCV Infection in Patients With Advanced Liver Disease (2015)

The combination of ledipasvir, sofosbuvir, and ribavirin for 12 weeks produced high rates of SVR12 in patients with advanced liver disease, including those with decompensated cirrhosis before and after liver transplantation. ClinTrials.gov: NCT01938430.
Alternate Multiwavelength Picosecond Pulse Generation by Use of an Unbalanced Mach–Zehnder Interferometer in a Mode-locked Fiber Ring Laser (2007)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A new laser architecture emitting alternate multiwavelength picosecond pulses at room temperature is proposed. The generation is based on a single active component, an unbalanced Mach–Zehnder interferometer, inserted in an actively mode-locked erbium-doped fiber ring laser to provide both intensity modulation and tunable filtering. Control of the emission is reached by inserting an additional modulator and a periodic filter in the cavity. We provide general insight into the operation of this type of laser by examining different regimes in simulations and experiments. Using this laser platform, we experimentally demonstrate the generation of three pulse trains at three different wavelengths at repetition rates of several gigahertz. </para>
Pressure Effects in Abrasive-Waterjet (AWJ) Machining (1989)

Abrasive-waterjets (AWJs) are formed by mixing high-pressure (up to 400 MPa) waterjets (0.1 to 1 mm in diameter) with abrasive particles in mixing tubes with typical 1/d ratios of 50 to 100. The pressure of the waterjet influences the overall performance of the abrasive-waterjet cutting system through operational and phenomenological effects. Higher pressures result in lower hydraulic efficiency, more frequent maintenance, high wear rates of mixing tubes, and fragmentation of particles before they exit the nozzle. However, with high pressures, deeper cuts can be obtained and higher traverse speeds can be used. Consequently, the hydraulic power is best utilized at an optimum pressure, which is a function of all other parameters as well as the application criteria. This paper presents data and analyses on the effect of pressure on nozzle operational characteristics, i.e., jet spreading characteristics, abrasive particle fragmentation, suction capability, wear of mixing tubes, and mixing efficiency. The effect of pressure on the parameters of cutting performance is discussed with example data. These parameters are depth of cut, specific area generation, maximum cutting traverse rate, surface waviness, and cost of cutting. Optimal pressure examples presented in this study indicate that pressures over 240 MPa are required for efficient abrasive-waterjet performance in metal cutting.
Rating scales for behavioral symptoms in Huntington's disease: Critique and recommendations (2016)

Behavioral symptoms are an important feature of Huntington's disease and contribute to impairment in quality of life. The Movement Disorder Society commissioned the assessment of the clinimetric properties of rating scales in Huntington's disease to make recommendations regarding their use, following previously used standardized criteria. A systematic literature search was conducted to identify the scales used to assess behavioral symptoms in Huntington's disease. For the purpose of this review, 7 behavioral domains were deemed significant in Huntington's disease: irritability, anxiety, depression, apathy, obsessive-compulsive behaviors, psychosis, and suicidal ideation. We included a total of 27 behavioral rating scales, 19 of which were of a single behavioral domain and the remaining 8 scales included multiple behavioral domains. Three rating scales were classified as "recommended" exclusively for screening purposes: the Irritability Scale for irritability, the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale for depression. There were no "recommended" scales for other purposes such as diagnosis, severity, or change in time or to treatment. The main challenges identified for assessment of behavioral symptoms in Huntington's disease are the co-occurrence of multiple behavioral symptoms, the particular features of a behavioral symptom in Huntington's disease, and the need to address stage- and disease-specific features, including cognitive impairment and lack of insight. The committee concluded that there is a need to further validate currently available behavioral rating scales in Huntington's disease to address gaps in scale validation for specific behavioral domains and purpose of use. © 2016 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.
A digital error-averaging technique for pipelined A/D conversion (1998)

Capacitor mismatch is the main source of nonlinearity for pipelined analog-to-digital (A/D) converters. Here a digital error-averaging technique is presented to greatly reduce this effect. Compared to the conventional circuit, the new approach requires only one extra digital addition. This allows a very simple and compact implementation. On the other hand, the conversion speed is halved because one conversion now requires two clock cycles instead of one. Therefore this technique is most suitable when moderately high speed combined with high resolution is required.
Troubleshooting Process Plant Control (2008)

The book focuses on process control in the petroleum and refinery industries, with an emphasis on problem solving. The author explores various real life examples and relays the lessons learned from his career in this area. He explains many new yet straightforward concepts without the use of complex mathematics. This handy go-to emphasizes single and well-established process engineering principles that will help working engineers and operators switch manual control loops to automatic control.
Proton exchange and molecular orientation of water in hydrated collagen fibers. An NMR study of H2O and D2O (1973)

An experimental study of proton and deuteron magnetic resonance of the hydration of collagen as a function of water content, temperature, and the addition of salts has been made. From the temperature dependency of linewidths, correlation times for molecular rotation of water molecules and proton exchange times have been determined. For a water content of 45 g H2O per 100 g collagen the rotational correlation time is 3× 10−8sec at 25 °C, with an activation energy of 4.8 kcal/mole, and the proton exchange time is 1.3 × 10−4sec with an activation energy of 10 kcal/mole. Ammonium ions increase the proton exchange rate. The proton exchange most probably occurs between proton donating and proton accepting groups on the macromolecule, intermediated by hydrogen-bonded water molecules. It is shown that the exchange theory of Gutowsky, McCall, and Slichter is applicable to dipole coupling in anisotropic systems. From an analysis of the anisotropy of H2O and D2O rotation in terms of Saupe's parameters, is is concluded that a model with two specific water binding sites is consistent with experimental results.
PAL encoding and decoding with improved luminance/chrominance separation (2003)

The application of digital signal processing techniques in TV receiver sets gives lots of improvements for picture quality. Images, which are free of disturbing flicker effects and which have reduced noise figures, can be achieved by adequate procedures, implemented at the home receiver. Also, image resolution can be increased and the appearance of crosstalk effects can be widely reduced, if comb filters are used to separate luminance and chrominance signals. But, dependent on filter characteristics and picture content, always some residual cross colour and cross luminance disturbances will remain even with comb filter decoding. This is due to the fact, that-already within the PAL encoding process-luminance and chrominance frequency components may exchange their assigned locations or even may share the same positions to give complete spectral overlap.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
On the Probability Distributions of Spectrogram Coefficients for Correlated Gaussian Process (2006)

This paper deals with the probability distribution of spectrogram coefficients related to a correlated centered Gaussian process. It is shown that the windowing operation and the presence of correlation between input samples may introduce heteroscedaticity and correlation between the real and imaginary parts of the short time Fourier transform. The impact of this phenomenon on spectrogram distribution is evaluated in terms of deviation from the chi-square distribution. A numerical method is provided to calculate the probability density function of the spectrogram coefficients and deviation from the chi-square distribution is evaluated using the Kullback-Liebler divergence. This measure of deviation is used to control the validity of a chi-square approximation
A Mechanical Impedance Bridge (1943)

The mechanical impedance bridge consists of two identical cantilever reeds clamped to a driving mechanism which can be driven electrically at various frequencies. Conventional condenser microphone amplifiers are used to measure the relative displacements of the reeds from their neutral positions. From the values of the relative displacements of the reeds, with one reed loaded with an unknown mechanical impedance, the value of the mechanical impedance may be calculated.
Design and Development of Microsomal Prostaglandin E<sub>2</sub> Synthase-1 Inhibitors: Challenges and Future Directions (2016)

Microsomal prostaglandin E2 synthase (mPGES)-1 is responsible for the massive prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation during inflammation. Increasing evidence reveals mPGES-1 inhibitors as a safe alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The first selective mPGES-1 inhibitors recently entered clinical trials. Major challenges for drug development have been the high plasma protein binding of lead structures, interspecies discrepancies, nuisance inhibition, sophisticated enzyme assays, and limited structural information about the mPGES-1 inhibitor binding site. Since most of these drawbacks could be solved during the past few years, we are standing at the threshold of a new era of mPGES-1-targeting anti-inflammatory drugs. This perspective introduces mPGES-1 as a key player within the network of eicosanoid biosynthesis and summarizes our current understanding of its structure and mechanism. Moreover, we present high-throughput and in silico screening techniques and discuss the structure-activity relationship and pharmacological potential of major mPGES-1 inhibitor classes in light of recent insights from pharmacophore models and cocrystallization studies.
Studies of Conformational Equilibria and Equilibration by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1966)

Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy has been extraordinarily fruitful in the study of stereochemical problems, especially those associated with conformational\nanalysis. In reasonably favorable cases, the position of the equilibria between conformational isomers can be determined with a high degree of accuracy, and in many cases it is also possible to make measurements of rates\nof equilibration of such isomers as a function of temperature. The activation parameters obtained from such measurements are of special theoretical interest because the rate processes involved are not complicated by making and breaking of bonds. This, along with the well-established utility of conformational analysis in natural-product chemistry, has led to much research on conformations and conformational equilibration in a variety of acyclic and cyclic compounds.
Anomalous domain-wall conductance in pyrochlore-type<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:msub><mml:mi>Nd</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi>Ir</mml:mi><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:msub><mml:msub><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">O</mml:mi><mml:mn>7</mml:mn></mml:msub></mml:math>on the verge of the metal-insulator transition (2014)

We have investigated the charge transport and low-energy dynamics originating from the antiferromagnetic (AF) domain wall (DW) in pyrochlore-type Nd${}_{2}$Ir${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$ with the all-in all-out type AF ground state by means of the magneto-resistance measurement and the terahertz time-domain spectroscopy. The resistivity is much lower in the multi-magnetic-domain state than in the nearly single-magnetic-domain one. Furthermore, the terahertz optical conductivity spectrum unravels a Drude-like response only in the multidomain state; the Drude-like absorption is strongly suppressed with increasing field and irreversibly disappears above 5 T. These observations suggest that the AF DW is highly conductive with a minimal damping constant of 2 meV, contrary to the fully-gapped (45 meV) AF insulating state of bulk. We discuss the nature of metallic states at AF DWs and their possible relevance to the gapless edge state inherent to the Weyl semimetal.
Characterization of Immune Responses to Capsid Protein p24 of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 and Implications for Detection (2010)

To further refine our current nanoparticle-based HIV-1 p24 antigen assay, we investigated immune responses to p24 to identify diagnostically significant immune dominant epitopes (IDEs) in HIV-infected human sera, to address cross-reactivity of anti-p24 antibodies to different subtypes, and to identify new biomarkers that distinguish acute from chronic HIV infection for more accurate incidence estimation. We identified two major linear epitope regions, located in the CypA binding loop and adjacent helices and at the end of the C-terminal domain. Most sera (86%) from acutely HIV-1-infected individuals reacted with multiple peptides, while 60% and 30% of AIDS patient samples reacted with multiple and single peptides, respectively. In contrast, 46% and 43% of chronically HIV-1-infected individuals reacted with one and none of the peptides, respectively, and only 11% reacted with multiple p24 peptides, indicating a progression of immune responses from polyclone-like during acute infection to monoclone-like or a nonresponse to linear epitopes during chronic infection. Anti-p24 antibodies (subtype B) show broad cross-reactivity to different HIV-1 subtypes, and the synergistic action of different combinations of anti-HIV antibodies improves capture and detection of divergent HIV-1 subtypes. Our results indicate that the modified peptide immunoassay is sensitive and specific for the rapid identification of HIV-1 p24 IDEs and for investigation of immune responses to p24 during natural HIV-1 infection. The data provide the foundation for development and refinement of new assays for improved p24 antigen testing as future tools for rapid and accurate diagnosis as part of early intervention strategies and estimations of incidence.
Criteria for Optimal Averaging of Cardiac Signals (1986)

The averaging process is modeled as a linear system whose low-pass filter characteristics are determined by the degree in temporal misalignment of signals. Assuming the errors in temporal alignment of successive cardiac cycles are random, then the model transfer function is equivalent to the probability density function. The response of the model to a step input is equivalent to the probability distribution function, which can be readily quantified. To validate the model, a high resolution ECG amplifier and QRS recognition system was constructed that synchronizes a step input with a point on the QRS. Design criteria for optimal amplification, filtering, and triggering of the ECG are determined. Test of the model reveals a close correspondence between observed and predicted step responses. From the average step response, the recording fidelity of any average can be determined-rapidly while the alignment is adjusted for optimal precision. Using ECG signals from patients, our model system demonstrates that alignment errors can both add and subtract signal components. Methods for estimating the extent of signal distortion induced by averaging as well as criteria for minimizing it are presented.
Understanding the Full Spectrum of Organ Injury Following Intrapartum Asphyxia (2017)

Birth asphyxia is a significant global health problem, responsible for ~1.2 million neonatal deaths each year worldwide. Those who survive often suffer from a range of health issues including brain damage-manifesting as cerebral palsy (CP)-respiratory insufficiency, cardiovascular collapse, and renal dysfunction, to name a few. Although the majority of research is directed toward reducing the brain injury that results from intrapartum birth asphyxia, the multi-organ injury observed in surviving neonates is of equal importance. Despite the advent of hypothermia therapy for the treatment of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), treatment options following asphyxia at birth remain limited, particularly in low-resource settings where the incidence of birth asphyxia is highest. Furthermore, although cooling of the neonate results in improved neurological outcomes for a small proportion of treated infants, it does not provide any benefit to the other organ systems affected by asphyxia at birth. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of the multi-organ effects of intrapartum asphyxia, with particular reference to the findings from our laboratory using the precocial spiny mouse to model birth asphyxia. Furthermore, we reviewed the current treatments available for neonates who have undergone intrapartum asphyxia, and highlight the emergence of maternal dietary creatine supplementation as a preventative therapy, which has been shown to provide multi-organ protection from birth asphyxia-induced injury in our preclinical studies. This cheap and effective nutritional supplement may be the key to reducing birth asphyxia-induced death and disability, particularly in low-resource settings where current treatments are unavailable.
Serologic Precursors of Cancer. Retinol, Carotenoids, and Tocopherol and Risk of Prostate Cancer (1990)

We investigated the associations of serum retinol, the carotenoids beta-carotene and lycopene, and tocopherol (vitamin E) with the risk of prostate cancer in a nested case-control study. For the study, serum obtained in 1974 from 25,802 persons in Washington County, MD, was used. Serum levels of the nutrients in 103 men who developed prostate cancer during the subsequent 13 years were compared with levels in 103 control subjects matched for age and race. Although no significant associations were observed with beta-carotene, lycopene, or tocopherol, the data suggested an inverse relationship between serum retinol and risk of prostate cancer. We analyzed data on the distribution of serum retinol by quartiles, using the lowest quartile as the reference value. Odds ratios were 0.67, 0.39, and 0.40 for the second, third, and highest quartiles, respectively.
Analysis of the transverse electromagnetic mode linearly tapered slot antenna (1986)

A theoretical analysis of the radiation characteristics of the transverse electromagnetic mode linearly tapered slot antenna is presented. The theory presented is valid for antennas with air dielectric and forms the basis for analysis of the more popular dielectric‐supported antennas. The method of analysis involves two steps. In the first step, the aperture distribution in the flared slot is determined. In the second step, the equivalent magnetic current in the slot is treated as radiating in the presence of a conducting half‐plane, and the far‐field components are obtained. Detailed comparison with experiment is made and excellent agreement is obtained. Design curves for the variation of the 3‐dB and 10‐dB beamwidths as a function of the antenna length, with the flare angle as a parameter, are presented.
Haskell program coverage (2007)

We describe the design, implementation and use of HPC, a tool-kit to record and display Haskell Program Coverage. HPC includes tools that instrument Haskell programs to record program coverage, run instrumented programs, and display information derived from coverage data in various ways.