gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Turbulence Mitigation Scheme for Optical Communications using Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexing Based on Channel Coding and Wavefront Correction (2014)

The free-space optical (FSO) communication links with orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing have been demonstrated that they can largely enhance the systems' capacity without a corresponding increase in spectral bandwidth, but the performance of the system is unavoidably disturbed by atmospheric turbulence (AT). Different from the existed AT disturbance, the OAM-multiplexed systems will cause both the burst and random errors for a single OAM state carrier and the `crosstalk' interference between the different OAM states carriers. In this paper, we propose a turbulence mitigation method to improve AT tolerance of OAM-multiplexed FSO communication links. In the proposed scheme, we use channel codes to correct the burst and random errors caused by AT for a single OAM state carrier; And we use wavefront correction method to correct the `crosstalk' interference between the different OAM states carriers. The improvements of AT tolerance are discussed by comparing the performance of OAM-multiplexed FSO communication links with or without channel coding or Shark-Hartmann wavefront correction method. The numerical simulation results show that the OAM-multiplexed FSO communication links have enhanced their AT tolerance. The usage of channel codes and wavefront correction methods together has improved greatly the performance of OAM-multiplexed FSO communication links over atmospheric turbulence.
Recent Advances in Electrocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution Using Nanoparticles (2019)

Hydrogen fuel is considered as the cleanest renewable resource and the primary alternative to fossil fuels for future energy supply. Sustainable hydrogen generation is the major prerequisite to realize future hydrogen economy. The electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), as the vital step of water electrolysis to H<sub>2</sub> production, has been the subject of extensive study over the past decades. In this comprehensive review, we first summarize the fundamentals of HER and review the recent state-of-the-art advances in the low-cost and high-performance catalysts based on noble and non-noble metals, as well as metal-free HER electrocatalysts. We systemically discuss the insights into the relationship among the catalytic activity, morphology, structure, composition, and synthetic method. Strategies for developing an effective catalyst, including increasing the intrinsic activity of active sites and/or increasing the number of active sites, are summarized and highlighted. Finally, the challenges, perspectives, and research directions of HER electrocatalysis are featured.
Fabrication of p-channel thin-film transistors using CuO active layers deposited at low temperature (2010)

We investigated copper oxides for use as an active layer of p-channel field-effect thin-film transistors (TFTs). Cu2O thin films deposited at room temperature using rf magnetron sputtering were transformed to a CuO phase after an annealing treatment in air above 200 °C. The optical bandgaps of the Cu2O and CuO were 2.44 and 1.41 eV, respectively. The bottom gate structured TFTs fabricated using CuO active layers operated in a p-type enhancement mode with an on/off ratio of ∼104 and field-effect mobility of 0.4 cm2/V⋅s.
The modular covariance adjustment adaptive array for CDMA wireless communications (1993)

A new adaptive array system is integrated into a code division multiple access (CDMA) digital cellular communication system to solve the near-far problem. Specifically, the author considers combining additional covariance adjustment modules and a multiweight least mean square (LMS) adaptive array in a base station for cochannel interference cancellation to a large number of system users. The design enables reception of weak desired sources by using few antenna elements to cancel a large number of cochannel interference sources that are stronger than the desired sources and even when interference sources arrive from or close to the desired source directions. A modular adaptive implementation scheme is also given for the covariance adjustment that provides a computation benefit.< <ETX>></ETX>
Structure-Activity Relationship of a U-Type Antimicrobial Microemulsion System (2013)

The structure-activity relationship of a U-type antimicrobial microemulsion system containing glycerol monolaurate and ethanol at a 1∶1 mass ratio as oil phase and Tween 20 as surfactant were investigated along a water dilution line at a ratio of 80∶20 mass% surfactant/oil phase, based on a pseudo-ternary phase diagram. The differential scanning calorimetry results showed that in the region of up to 33% water, all water molecules are confined to the hydrophilic core of the reverse micelles, leading to the formation of w/o microemulsion. As the water content increases, the water gains mobility, and transforms into bicontinuous in the region of 33-39% water, and finally the microemulsion become o/w in the region of above 39% water. The microstructure characterization was confirmed by the dynamic light scattering measurements and freeze-fracture transmission electron microscope observation. The antimicrobial activity assay using kinetics of killing analysis demonstrated that the microemulsions in w/o regions exhibited relatively high antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus due to the antimicrobial oil phase as the continuous phase, while the antimicrobial activity started to decrease when the microemulsions entered the bicontinuous region, and decreased rapidly as the water content increased in the o/w region, as a result of the dilution of antimicrobial oil droplets in the aqueous continuous phase.
The Newborn Addict, Ante- and Postnatal Care (1983)

An investigation is presented of 87 Danish infants born to 62 drug-addicted mothers who had been pregnant altogether 145 times. In Denmark all pregnant women are offered prophylactic examinations, sometimes by their family doctor, sometimes by the midwife and in special cases by the obstetric clinic. Despite the fact that this antenatal care is considered especially important, not least for the addicted, pregnant woman, these offers were only poorly utilised. There were four perinatal deaths, of which two were stillbirths, further 3 infants died later as a result of abuse or neglect. After discharge from hospital only 43 infants lived at home with their mothers. The rest were either voluntarily or compulsorily placed with the mothers' parents, in family care, or in a childrens home. Only 2 infants were adopted. After their return home from the labour wards the mothers took little advantage of the prophylactic paediatric examinations and the vaccination program which are offered free by the family doctor to all children of pre-school age. The same was true regarding domiciliary visits by the health visitor.
The Effects of Chronic Alcoholism on Development of Ischemic Cerebral Infarcts Following Unilateral Carotid Artery Ligation in Gerbils (1983)

To test if chronic alcoholism potentiates mortality and accentuates cerebral infarcts associated with ischemia, 32 male and 33 female Mongolian gerbils were chronically fed ethanol in their diet for 6 weeks. Cerebral ischemia was then induced by ligation and sectioning of the right common carotid artery. Postoperatively, there was a mean difference in survival in the control versus the alcoholic gerbils. Whereas 76% of controls survived the operation, only 55% of alcoholic gerbils survived. Also, the alcoholic gerbils died earlier, usually in the initial 3 postoperation days. The incidence of cerebral infarcts was identical (52%) in both control and alcohol-treated gerbils. There was, however, a difference in the extent (size) of the infarcts and tolerance to them. The alcoholic gerbils tended to develop either large infarcts which were usually lethal, or smaller infarcts but with decreased tolerance. The cerebral infarcts in the controls tended to be smaller with better survival. These findings suggest that chronic alcohol consumption contributes significantly to the risk of mortality associated with ischemic brain infarction reported in human alcoholics, and indicate that the alcoholic gerbil is a good experimental model to study the pathophysiology of this phenomenon.
Methodological approach from the Best Overall Team in the sbv IMPROVER Diagnostic Signature Challenge (2013)

The sbv IMPROVER Diagnostic Signature Challenge used crowdsourcing to identify the best methods to classify clinical samples using transcriptomics data. Participating teams used public microarray data sets to develop prediction models in four disease areas, and then made predictions on blinded test data generated by the organizers. Here we describe the approach of the team for the Perinatology Research Branch (Team PRB; AL Tarca, R Romero), that was awarded the best performing entrant prize out of 54 entrants. The key elements of our approach included: (1) selection of training data sets by trial and error; (2) removal of batch effects by pre-processing the test and training data together; (3) the use of statistical significance and magnitude of change to select biomarkers; and (4) optimization of the number of biomarkers via the cross-validated performance of a simple linear discriminant analysis (LDA) model. Not only were our resulting models ranked consistently high, but they also generated parsimonious signatures of as low as two genes, unlike most of the other top-ranked teams that used hundreds of genes for prediction.
The Vent-Like Homeobox Gene Ventx2 Is a Novel Candidate for a Human Hematopoietic Regulatory Protein. (2005)

Abstract Identification of the genes which are critically involved in normal and leukemic hematopoiesis is a major goal for experimental and clinical hematology. Recent data indicate that a variety of regulatory molecules active in early development may also play a role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells with repopulating activity. Since it was shown, that the Xvent-2 homeobox gene is part of the BMP-4 signalling pathway in Xenopus it is of particular interest to examine the expression profile and function of the human homologue Ventx2 in hematopoietic development. We first analysed Ventx2 expression by RT-PCR in CD3, CD19 and CD33 cells highly purified by FACS sort from peripheral blood of healthy donors. Expression of Ventx2 was detected in T- and B- as well as differentiated myeloid cells indicating that Ventx2 is expressed in multiple hematopoietic lineages. Furthermore, VENTX2 expression was recurrently detected in bone marrow samples from AML patients at diagnosis as determined by RT-PCR (n=6). In an attempt to characterize the functional relevance of Ventx2 expression for hematopoietic development we retrovirally engineered murine hematopoietic progenitor cells to constitutively express the gene using a MSCV-based retroviral construct with an IRES-EGFP cassette. Successfully transduced cells were injected into lethally irradiated mice or used for in vitro experiments. At the level of the clonogenic progenitor VENTX2 induced a 3fold increase in the number of CFU-G (n=5; p&lt;0.001) compared to the GFP control (62 versus 25 CFU-G, respectively, per 1000 initially plated cells) without increasing the total number of colonies, indicating that VENTX2 promoted granulocytic differentiation in vitro. Re-plating assays confirmed the effect of the homeobox gene with an over 9fold increase in the number of secondary CFU-G (511 vs. 54, respectively, per 1000 initially plated cells). When the effect of VENTX-2 on the frequency of LTC-IC was determined by limiting dilution assay (n=2), no major differences were detected between the homeobox gene and the control arm (453 LTC-IC vs. 801 LTC-IC per 1x106 cells, respectively, p = n.s.). Furthermore, the number of colonies generated per LTC-IC did not significantly differ between the two arms (17 colonies for VENTX2 and 26 colonies for the control). In NOD/SCID mice VENTX2 induced a 2.9fold increase in the proportion of CD15+ mature myeloid cells within the GFP-positive compartment (n=7) compared to the control (n=9)(6.4 % vs. 2.2 %, respectively; p&lt;0.02), translating into 4 x 106 (± 1 x 106) human CD15+ /GFP+ cells per mouse in the VENTX2 group compared to 2x106 cells (± 6 x 105) in the control. These findings characterize VENTX2 as a novel regulatory protein in human hematopoiesis and add information about the role of non-clustered homeobox genes in early blood development.
Design optimized membrane-based flexible paper accelerometer with silver nano ink (2013)

Here we report a highly sensitive single-axis membrane-type paper accelerometer. The accelerometer is consisted of a suspended parallel-plate sensing capacitor prepared by cost-effective nano ink printing technologies on a flexible paper substrate. The proof mass and suspension bridge structures of the accelerometer are designed based on the simulation results for the optimization of sensitivity. Vertical acceleration sensitivity of the optimized design with long ellipse-shaped bridges and round-shaped proof mass can reach 20 fF/g at z-axis acceleration of 1–10 g.
Windows-Based Guided Data Capture Software for Mass-Scale Thermophysical and Thermochemical Property Data Collection (2002)

Guided data capture software (GDC) is described for mass-scale abstraction from the literature of experimental thermophysical and thermochemical property data for organic chemical systems involving one, two, and three components, chemical reactions, and chemical equilibria. Property values are captured with a strictly hierarchical system based upon rigorous application of the thermodynamic constraints of the Gibbs phase rule with full traceability to source documents. Key features of the program and its adherence to scientific principles are described with particular emphasis on data-quality issues, both in terms of data accuracy and database integrity.
Adeno-Associated Virus Type 2 Protein Interactions: Formation of Pre-Encapsidation Complexes (1999)

The nonstructural adeno-associated virus type 2 Rep proteins are known to control viral replication and thus provide the single-stranded DNA genomes required for packaging into preformed capsids. In addition, complexes between Rep proteins and capsids have previously been observed in the course of productive infections. Such complexes have been interpreted as genome-linked Rep molecules associated with the capsid upon successful DNA encapsidation. Here we demonstrate via coimmunoprecipitation, cosedimentation, and yeast two-hybrid analyses that the Rep-VP association also occurs in the absence of packageable genomes, suggesting that such complexes could be involved in the preparation of empty capsids for subsequent encapsidation steps. The Rep domain responsible for the observed Rep-VP interactions is situated within amino acids 322 to 482. In the presence of all Rep proteins, Rep52 and, to a lesser extent, Rep78 are most abundantly recovered with capsids, whereas Rep68 and Rep40 vary in association depending on their expression levels. Rep78 and Rep52 are bound to capsids to roughly the same extent as the minor capsid protein VP2. Complexes of Rep78 and Rep52 with capsids differ in their respective detergent stabilities, indicating that they result from different types of interactions. Rep-VP interaction studies suggest that Rep proteins become stably associated with the capsid during the assembly process. Rep-capsid complexes can reach even higher complexity through additional Rep-Rep interactions, which are particularly detergent labile. Coimmunoprecipitation and yeast two-hybrid data demonstrate the interaction of Rep78 with Rep68, of Rep68 with Rep52, and weak interactions of Rep40 with Rep52 and Rep78. We propose that the large complexes arising from these interactions represent intermediates in the DNA packaging pathway.
Synergy of Small Molecular Inhibitors of Hepatitis C Virus Replication Directed at Multiple Viral Targets (2006)

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a significant worldwide health problem with limited therapeutic options. A number of novel, small molecular inhibitors of HCV replication are now entering early clinical trials in humans. Resistance to small molecular inhibitors is likely to be a significant hurdle to their use in patients. A systematic assessment of combinations of interferon and/or novel anti-hepatitis C virus agents from several different mechanistic classes was performed in vitro. Combinations of inhibitors with different mechanisms of action consistently demonstrated more synergy than did compounds with similar mechanisms of action. These results suggest that combinations of inhibitors with different mechanisms of action should be prioritized for assessment in clinical trials for chronic hepatitis C virus infection.
The preparation of mirrors by sputtering metals on to glass surfaces (1930)

The paper gives apparatus and details of a method of sputtering metal films on glass or other surfaces for use in interferometers.
Synthetic Methods and Reactions; Part 109. Improved Preparation of Aldehydes and Ketones from<i>N,N</i>-Dimethylamides and Grignard Reagents (1984)

Etude de la formylation et acylation de bromures d'alkyl-magnesium et d'alkyl-lithium par reaction avec les dimethylamides des acides formique, acetique et benzoique
Autoimmune diabetes mellitus and the leaky gut (2019)

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (PNAS), a peer reviewed journal of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) - an authoritative source of high-impact, original research that broadly spans the biological, physical, and social sciences.
New arylsulfonylhydrazones of substituted benzaldehydes as anticancer agents. (1983)

Nineteen new arylsulfonylhydrazones of substituted benzaldehydes have been prepared. The antineoplastic activity of these compounds has been assessed against murine lymphocytic leukemia P-388 and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC). The compounds investigated have not reached the criteria of good antitumor activity. However, marginal activity in P-388 system has been exhibited by one of the tested derivatives, while two others have demonstrated mild anticancer activity against EAC.
Synthesis of Self-Timed Circuits by Program Transformation (2006)

Abstract : Self-timed circuits can be synthesized from concurrent programs in two logically separate phases. First, through a series of program transformations, the source program is decomposed into an equivalent program constructed entirely from instances of basic processes. These basic processes correspond to the syntactic constructs of the source language. The remainder of the synthesis procedure consists of compiling each of the basic processes into a self-timed circuit using techniques described in earlier papers. These compilations need to be done only once. This paper describes in detail the program transformations used in an automated synthesis procedure developed at Caltech. The transformations used are applications of process decomposition, a simple technique that is easy to verify. The circuits synthesized by these program transformations are correct by construction; thus, this technique provides a simple method for constructing provably correct circuits from a high-level specification.
Results of the IPC Copper Foil Ductility Round-Robin Study (1987)

A round-robin test program has been carried out to (1) develop typical and establish minimum ductility values for the copper foil classes in the Institute for Interconnecting and Packaging Electronic Circuits (IPC) Specification on Copper Foil for Printed Wiring Applications (IPC-CF-150E), (2) determine the precision and accuracy of IPC Test Method on Flexural Fatigue and Ductility, Foil, (IPC-TM-2.4.2.1), and ASTM Method for Ductility Testing of Metallic Foil (E 796), and (3) determine the bending fatigue behavior of the copper foils. This report contains a compilation of the results from seven test laboratories for copper foils from seven classes (both electrodeposited and wrought), four weights (thicknesses), and five vendors. The results show that the samples submitted by the vendors pass the recommended minimum ductility values, sometimes with large margins. The test method shows high precision typically resulting in sample standard deviations of less than 10% of the mean. The lab-to-lab accuracy shows a somewhat larger than expected test procedure dependence, in particular because of thickness measurement errors and deviations from established procedure. For both severe flexing or continuous high-cycle fatigue applications, annealed wrought copper foil is the best choice because of its initial high isotropic ductility, which gives the ability to sustain severe bending and low-cycle flexing, and its strain-hardening behavior during extended cycling, which results in a cyclicly increasing tensile strength and produces extended high-cycle fatigue lives.
Antibody responses to the chlamydial heat shock proteins hsp60 and hsp70 are H-2 linked (1992)

The effects of both H-2 and non-H-2 genes on antibody responses to two Chlamydia trachomatis heat shock proteins (hsp60 and hsp70) were investigated. These chlamydial proteins are homologs of Escherichia coli GroEL (hsp60) and DnaK (hsp70) and are highly sequence conserved between bacterial and mammalian sources. Antibody responses among 17 different strains of mice immunized with C. trachomatis serovar B and serovar C elementary bodies were evaluated by immunoblot, radioimmunoprecipitation and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Antibody responses to the two proteins displayed host genetic restriction. Of six distinctive H-2 haplotypes, only H-2d generated high antibody responses to hsp70. Five of the six H-2 haplotypes, i.e., H-2a, H-2d, H-2k, H-2q, and H-2s, produced high antibody responses to hsp60. Only the H-2b-bearing strain had low antibody responses to hsp60. By using congenic and H-2 recombinant strains, the genes responsible for regulating antibody responses to hsp70 and hsp60 were mapped to the K-IA region of the H-2 locus. In F1 hybrid crosses between high and low responders, high responses to hsp60 and hsp70 were dominant traits. Other genes outside the H-2 locus also influenced antibody responses to hsp60 and hsp70, since inbred strains of identical H-2 but different background genes displayed variable antibody responses to the proteins. The genetic control of murine immune responses to C. trachomatis hsp60, a putative chlamydial immunopathologic antigen, suggests that a similar genetic mechanism may also exist in humans, and this observation may help to explain the observed variability in the spectrum of chlamydial diseases seen in humans.
A Single-Phase Cascaded Multilevel Inverter Based on a New Basic Unit With Reduced Number of Power Switches (2014)

In this paper, a new single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter is proposed. This inverter is comprised of a series connection of the proposed basic unit and is able to only generate positive levels at the output. Therefore, an H-bridge is added to the proposed inverter. This inverter is called the developed cascaded multilevel inverter. In order to generate all voltage levels (even and odd) at the output, four different algorithms are proposed to determine the magnitude of dc voltage sources. Reduction in the number of power switches, driver circuits, and dc voltage sources is the advantage of the developed single-phase cascaded multilevel inverter. As a result, the installation space and cost of the inverter are reduced. These features are obtained by the comparison of the conventional cascaded multilevel inverters with the proposed cascaded topology. The ability of the proposed inverter to generate all voltage levels (even and odd) is reconfirmed by using the experimental results of a 15-level inverter.