gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbenes:  Versatile Reagents for Postpolymerization Modification (2006)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTN-Heterocyclic Carbenes: Versatile Reagents for Postpolymerization ModificationDaniel J. Coady and Christopher W. BielawskiView Author Information Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712 Cite this: Macromolecules 2006, 39, 26, 8895–8897Publication Date (Web):November 18, 2006Publication History Received1 September 2006Revised30 October 2006Published online18 November 2006Published inissue 1 December 2006https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma062030dhttps://doi.org/10.1021/ma062030drapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2006 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views994Altmetric-Citations37LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Azides,Coupling reactions,Modification,Nitrogen,Polymers Get e-Alerts
HRTF Measurement on KEMAR Manikin (2009)

Presenting sounds to humans in virtual environments requires convolving the free field signals with a head related transfer function (HRTF), which is a frequency response describing the filtering effects of the pinna, head and torso of a human. Sets of HRTFs are usually measured on the dummy head or human subjects at different directions in an anechoic room. This paper describes the details of an experimental HRTF measurement procedure with emphasis on the design of the test signal and the post-processing to extract HRTFs. We construct a pre-emphasized logarithmic sweep as the excitation signal which separates the nonlinear and time variant distortions from the main desired response. For the received raw data, a series of signal processing techniques are applied to determine the timing offset when the head response begins, to mitigate room reverberation, and to equalize the HRTF measurements. One of the goals of this paper is to provide details of the experimental setup. Also, we intend to publish our processed measurements in the form of a HRTF data base as a resource for the acoustic community.
Characterization of Humic Substances Derived from Swine Manure-Based Compost and Correlation of Their Characteristics with Reactivities with Heavy Metals (2007)

Various composts contain a significant amount of humic substances including humic acid (HA) and fulvic acids (FAs). The FA fraction in soils is considered to be sensitive to agronomic and environmental factors. In this study, three fractions of humic substances, HA (MW > 1000 Da), FA (MW > 1000 Da), and FA (MW < 1000 Da) were extracted from swine manure-based compost and characterized, and then, their reactivities were correlated with heavy metals. Compositions of the three fractions of humic substances were characterized by elemental and total acidity analyses and electron spin resonance (ESR), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning spectroscopic techniques. Elemental analyses indicated that HA has higher contents of C, H, N, and S than those of FAs. However, FA (MW > 1000) and especially FA (MW < 1000) have higher contents of O than that of HA (MW > 1000). The g values of the ESR spectra of the three fractions showed that the organic free radical characteristics and the widths of the spectra and free radical concentrations of the three fractions are significantly different. The FTIR spectra indicated that HA (MW > 1000) is abundant in C=C bonds while FA (MW > 1000), especially FA (MW < 1000), are abundant in C=O bonds. In addition, 13C NMR spectra indicate that carboxyl contents of FA (MW > 1000), especially FA (MW < 1000), are higher than that of HA (MW > 1000). The sequence of the reactivity in terms of acidic functional groups was FA (MW < 1000) > FA (MW > 1000) > HA (MW > 1000). Elemental and functional group compositions of the three fractions significantly correlated with reported reactivities with heavy metals. The application of swine manure-based compost containing HA and FAs fractions to soil and associated environments may thus significantly affect the concerned reactions with organic and inorganic compounds including pollutants.
Temporal and spatial distribution of interleukin-1β in balloon injured porcine coronary arteries (1999)

We conclude that IL-1 beta is synthesised, in conjunction with caspase-1, by endothelial, inflammatory, and adventitial cells early (within 3 days) after PTCA, with decreased levels at later timepoints, suggesting that it has a key role to play in the early stages of healing following PTCA.
Intraspecific Hybridization as a Method of Breeding Kentucky Bluegrass (<i>Poa pratemis</i> L.) for Turf<sup>1</sup> (1971)

Four selections and one cultivar of Kentucky bluegrass were crossed in various combinations. The most vigorous of the resulting hybrids were selected for evaluation of turf performance. After 2 years of observation in turf trials, the 17 most promising turf‐type hybrids were studied in greater detail. Eight hybrids were highly apomictic, and were equal or superior to their parents in a number of characteristics reflecting vegetative and reproductive vigor, disease resistance and turf performance. Many of the most promising hybrids appeared to be triploids resulting from the fertilization of unreduced female gametes.
The Gastrointestinal Circulation (2010)

The microcirculation of the gastrointestinal tract is under the control of both myogenic and metabolic regulatory systems. The myogenic mechanism contributes to basal vascular tone and the regulation of transmural pressure, while the metabolic mechanism is responsible for maintaining an appropriate balance between O2 demand and O2 delivery. In the postprandial state, hydrolytic products of food digestion elicit a hyperemia, which serves to meet the increased O2 demand of nutrient assimilation. Metabolically linked factors (e.g., tissue pO2, adenosine) are primarily responsible for this functional hyperemia. The fenestrated capillaries of the gastrointestinal mucosa are relatively permeable to small hydrolytic products of food digestion (e.g., glucose), yet restrict the transcapillary movement of larger molecules (e.g., albumin). This allows for the absorption of hydrolytic products of food digestion without compromising the oncotic pressure gradient governing transcapillary fluid movement and edema formation. The gastrointestinal microcirculation is also an important component of the mucosal defense system whose function is to prevent (and rapidly repair) inadvertent epithelial injury by potentially noxious constituents of chyme. Two pathological conditions in which the gastrointestinal circulation plays an important role are ischemia/reperfusion and chronic portal hypertension. Ischemia/reperfusion results in mucosal edema and disruption of the epithelium due, in part, to an inflammatory response (e.g., increase in capillary permeability to macromolecules and neutrophil infiltration). Chronic portal hypertension results in an increase in gastrointestinal blood flow due to an imbalance in vasodilator and vasoconstrictor influences on the microcirculation.
Nanochemistry: a chemical approach to nanomaterials (2006)

Preface - In the Beginning there was Nano Nanochemistry Basics Chemical Patterning and Lithography Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembly Nanocontact Printing and Writing Nanorod, Nanotube, Nanowire Self-Assembly Nanocluster Self-Assembly Microspheres - Colours from the Beaker Microporous and Mesoporous Materials Self-Assembling Block Copolymers Biomaterials and Bioinspiration Self-Assembly of Large Building Blocks Nano and Beyond Nanochemistry and Nanolabs Subject Index
Negative ion lasers (1974)

The principle of detailed balance is used to show that at a maximum in an electron excitation cross section, due to a very-short-lived negative ion resonance (10−14–10−16 sec), the electron deexcitation cross section can be significantly smaller than the electron excitation cross section. Using experimental estimates of the various necessary parameters, it is suggested that population inversion may be maintained or enhanced in pure gas lasers by electron bombardment at negative ion resonance energies.
TG02: A novel, multi-kinase inhibitor with potent activity against solid tumors. (2010)

e13549 Background: Kinase inhibitors have found applications in oncology due to their ability to target key signaling pathways in many different cancers. In general, broad-spectrum kinase inhibitors have yielded better clinical outcomes than more selective ones because they block more than one pathway critical for tumor growth. We describe herein the pharmacological profile of TG02, a multi-kinase inhibitor being developed by Tragara Pharmaceuticals, which combines cell cycle regulatory and transcriptional CDK inhibition with activity against kinase targets involved in antiapoptotic signaling and other aspects of the malignant phenotype. Methods: In vitro potency was evaluated using kinase assays, Western blot analyses of the pathway components, FACS-based cell cycle analyses and proliferation and apoptosis assays in human tumor lines. Evaluation of in vivo PK, PD biomarkers and antitumor efficacy was in nude mouse xenograft models of solid tumors. Results: TG02 was shown to be a 10-50nM inhibitor of CDKs 1,2,7 and 9 and other ongogenic kinases, including FLT3, JAK2 and ERK5. TG02 potently inhibits proliferation across a broad panel of human solid tumor cell lines (n = 15, IC50 from 64 to 504 nM). This potency exceeded that of other pan-CDK inhibitors currently in clinical development (SNS-032 and seliciclib) and other drugs that block FLT3 and JAK2 but lack CDK activity (sunitinib and TG101348), suggesting that the unique spectrum of kinases inhibited by TG02 may provide enhanced antitumor activity in solid tumors. TG02 potently induced G2/M cell cycle arrest that rapidly progressed to robust apoptosis in HCT116 cells and synergized with doxorubicin in pancreatic and breast cancer cell lines and with gemcitabine in ovarian carcinoma cells. TG02 was cleared from the blood within 8 hours of PO dosing but was retained in tumor masses at supratherapeutic levels for 24-48 h, depending on dose. Accordingly, pathway-related biomarkers were markedly suppressed for 24-72 h after dosing. In mice bearing SC HCT116 xenografts, TG02 inhibited tumor growth by 82% (p<0.001) at 75 mg/kg PO Q2D. Conclusions: TG02 is a multi-kinase inhibitor with a previously unreported spectrum of targets that shows promising preclinical activity for the treatment of solid tumors in man. Author Disclosure Employment or Leadership Position Consultant or Advisory Role Stock Ownership Honoraria Research Funding Expert Testimony Other Remuneration S*BIO Pte Ltd, Tragara Pharmaceuticals S*BIO Pte Ltd, Tragara Pharmaceuticals
<i>Phyllanthus amarus</i> suppresses hepatitis B virus by interrupting interactions between HBV enhancer I and cellular transcription factors (1997)

The Phyllanthus amarus plant suppresses HBV mRNA transcription in vitro and exhibits therapeutic potential in chronic HBV carriers, although further work is necessary to define its mechanism of action. Analysis in HuH-7 cells with transfected plasmids using a luciferase reporter showed that P. amarus specifically inhibited HBV enhancer I activity. To identify the mechanism of this HBV enhancer I inhibition, liver-enriched cellular transcription factors were co-expressed in HuH-7 cells. The C/EBP alpha and beta, as well as HNF-3 alpha and beta transcription factors, significantly up-regulated the HBV enhancer I activity. In contrast, co-transfection of HNF-I alpha or beta had no effect upon the HBV enhancer I activity. Exposure to P. amarus inhibited C/EBP alpha- and beta-mediated up-regulation of HBV enhancer I activity in a dose-dependent manner, whereas HNF-3 alpha- and beta-mediated up-regulation of HBV enhancer I was unaffected. In vitro gel shifts showed that P. amarus inhibited complexing of C/EBP transcription factors to a consensus oligonucleotide sequence, whereas DNA binding of AP-1 and SP-1 transcription factors was unaffected. As P. amarus down-regulates HBV mRNA transcription by a specific mechanism involving interactions between HBV enhancer I and C/EBP transcription factors, purification and further analysis of the active P. amarus component will advance insights into its antiviral activity.
Actively selecting annotations among objects and attributes (2011)

We present an active learning approach to choose image annotation requests among both object category labels and the objects' attribute labels. The goal is to solicit those labels that will best use human effort when training a multi-class object recognition model. In contrast to previous work in active visual category learning, our approach directly exploits the dependencies between human-nameable visual attributes and the objects they describe, shifting its requests in either label space accordingly. We adopt a discriminative latent model that captures object-attribute and attribute-attribute relationships, and then define a suitable entropy reduction selection criterion to predict the influence a new label might have throughout those connections. On three challenging datasets, we demonstrate that the method can more successfully accelerate object learning relative to both passive learning and traditional active learning approaches.
Active Membrane Properties and Signal Encoding in Graded Potential Neurons (1998)

We investigated the influence of active membrane properties on the precision by which the stimulus velocity is encoded in the membrane potential of a motion-sensitive interneuron in the blowfly. The so-called HS-cells respond to visual motion stimuli with a graded shift in membrane potential. Superimposed on this graded response are small spike-like events. This "mixed" visual response mode can be modified by current injection in two different ways. (1) By ongoing injection of hyperpolarizing current, the spike-like events are turned into full-blown action potentials, and (2) by injection of depolarizing current, the spike-like events become completely suppressed. The visual response then consists of a graded shift of membrane potential only. As a measure of the fidelity, we calculated the coherence between the motion stimulus and the response of the cell elicited with different electrical manipulations of the cell. We found that the coherence was highest for the cell at rest. Any electrical manipulation resulted in a reduced coherence. This was attributable partly to a lower signal-to-noise ratio and partly to an increased nonlinearity in the response. By applying a threshold operation we transformed the analog membrane response into an all-or-none spike train. A comparison between these two ways of signal representation revealed that more information about the stimulus velocity is inherent in the analog membrane potential than in the spike train.
Influences of Physical Training on the Heart of Dogs (1974)

To investigate the effects of physical training on cardiac dimensions and function, eight dogs were exercised for 12 weeks by treadmill running 1 hour/ day, 5 days/week. Five dogs were confined in cages as controls for an 8-week period. Heart rates were monitored by telemetry during rest and exercise. Maximum QRS spatial magnitudes were calculated from records of McFee lead electrocardiograms. Left ventricular end-diastolic dimensions were determined radiographically by the bead and clip technique. No statistically significant changes occurred during the control period. Training produced statistically significant decreases in heart rate at rest (72 beats/min to 49 beats/min, P < 0.005) and at a standard work load of 6.1 mph on a level treadmill (205 beats/ min to 158 beats/min, P < 0.005) and statistically significant increases in work load (5.4 mph to 9.1 mph, P < 0.005) at a standard heart rate of 194 beats/min. Improvements were rapid during the first 4 weeks of training but gradual during the remaining 8 weeks. Training caused small but statistically significant increases in left ventricular end-diastolic wall thickness (8.7 mm to 9.3 mm, P < 0.0025), estimated left ventricular mass (83.6 g to 91.2 g, P < 0.01), and maximum (McFee) QRS spatial magnitude (4.0 mv to 4.8 mv, P < 0.05).
Growth and Survival of Largemouth Bass Tagged with Floy Anchor Tags (1982)

The growth and survival of 50 largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) tagged with Floy anchor tags (FD-68B) and marked with a pectoral fin clip were compared to a control group of 50 untagged and unmarked bass during a 191-day study period in a 0.08 hectare pond. Survival of the experimental and control groups was 100 and 98%, respectively. There was no significant difference (P = 0.05) between the total lengths, weights, or condition values of fish in the experimental or control groups at either the start or end of the experiment. These results indicated that the use of Floy anchor tags in conjunction with an accessory mark had no significant effect on survival or growth of largemouth bass under the controlled conditions of this study and suggested that this tagging and marking combination could be used to provide reliable estimates of vital fishery statistics for this species.
Cyclische Nitrone, II. Über die Polymeren des 2.3.4.5‐Tetrahydro‐pyridin‐<i>N</i>‐oxyds und verwandte Verbindungen (1957)

Abstract Bei der Dehydrierung des N ‐Hydroxy‐piperidins (I) mit K 3 [Fe(CN) 6 ] entsteht ein öliges Trimeres des 2.3.4.5‐Tetrahydro‐pyridin‐ N ‐oxyds (II), das sich beim Aufbewahren in das kristallisierte Dimere III und nicht definierte höhermolekulare Polymere von II umwandelt. Die Dehydrierung des aus diesem Trimeren und Phenylmagnesiumbromid erhältlichen 1‐Hydroxy‐2‐phenyl‐piperidins (VI) mit HgO liefert das Dimere VIII des 2.3.4.5‐Tetrahydro‐2‐phenyl‐pyridin‐ N ‐oxyds (VII). Beim 1.2.3.4‐Tetrahydro‐2‐hydroxy‐isochinolin (XIII) führt die Dehydrierung unter den gleichen Bedingungen dagegen unter Lösung einer dem Phenylrest benachbarten CH‐Bindung zum monomeren 3.4‐Dihydro‐isochinolin‐ N ‐oxyd (XIV). Die unterschiedliche Dehydrierung von VI und XIII wird mit Hilfe einer konstellationsanalytischen Betrachtung erklärt.
G protein‐coupled receptor‐induced Akt activity in cellular proliferation and apoptosis (2007)

Akt (also known as protein kinase B) plays an integral role in many intracellular signaling pathways activated by a diverse array of extracellular signals that target several different classes of membrane-bound receptors. Akt plays a particularly prominent part in signaling networks that result in the modulation of cellular proliferation, apoptosis and survival. Thus, the overexpression of Akt subtypes has been measured in a number of cancer types, and dominant-negative forms of Akt can trigger apoptosis and reduce the survival of cancer cells. G protein-coupled receptors act as cell-surface detectors for a diverse spectrum of biological signals and are able to activate or inhibit Akt via several direct and indirect means. In this review, we shall document how G protein-coupled receptors are able to control Akt activity and examine the resulting biochemical and physiological changes, with particular emphasis on cellular proliferation, apoptosis and survival.
The Australasian College of Chiropractors' Research Summit: Investigating the Significance of Strategic Research for the Profession (2011)

Comments on the Australasian College of Chiropractors' Research Summit which investigated the significance of strategic research are offered.
Ligand-specific regulation of proteasome-mediated proteolysis of estrogen receptor-α (2002)

Proteasome-mediated proteolysis modulates the cellular concentration of estrogen receptor-alpha (ERalpha) and is induced by treatment of cells with 17beta-estradiol. Herein, we show that multiple receptor agonists, including 17alpha-estradiol and estriol as well as the antagonist ICI-182780, stimulate proteasome-dependent proteolysis of ERalpha in a process that requires ligand binding to the receptor. Proteolysis of receptor depends on ligand concentration, and there exists a direct correlation between ligand-binding affinity and the half-maximal dose of ligand required to stimulate receptor degradation. Furthermore, introduction of a point mutation into the receptor ligand-binding pocket yields a stable receptor resistant to proteolysis. Interestingly, although all ligands stimulate receptor degradation, the extent to which overall ER levels are affected varies with each ligand and is not related to ligand-binding affinity or activation of transcription. These results demonstrate ligand-specific regulation of ERalpha proteolysis, and they introduce the concept that cellular receptor concentration is governed not only at the level of induction of proteolysis but also by the efficiency with which the receptor is degraded.
Bang-Bang charge control for LLC resonant converters (2013)

This paper proposes a Bang-Bang Charge Control (BBCC) method for LLC resonant converters. It utilizes the series resonant capacitor to directly control the cycle-by-cycle input electric quantity, thus can provide very fast dynamic performance in all input and output conditions. The proposed method can be extended to other topologies that include a series capacitor.
Beneficial effect of nicotinamide on the proportion of insulin cells in developing chick pancreas (2000)

Previous studies have suggested that nicotinamide increases the number of insulin cells both in vivo and in vitro. However, the question remains as to whether there is in fact an increase and whether this increase is caused by the proliferation of progenitor cells, or by replication of existing insulin cells. In order to investigate this, the endodermal component of dorsal pancreatic buds of 5-day-old chick embryos was cultured on Matrigel in a serum-free medium (Ham's F12-ITS) to which nicotinamide, at a concentration of 5 and 10 mM, respectively, was added. Control explants were cultured in Ham's F12-ITS medium without nicotinamide. After 7 days in culture the buds were incubated with bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and then processed for immunocytochemistry. Localization of insulin, BrdU and glucagon was carried out on adjacent serial sections. The proportion of insulin cells was 6.76, 11.32 and 16.86% in control, 5 and 10 mM nicotinamide-treated explants, respectively. Hence adding nicotinamide to the culture medium induced a 1.7- and 2.5-fold increase in the proportion of insulin cells when compared to the controls. These proportions were significantly different from that of control explants (P < 0.05). However, a very small number of insulin cells were found to be proliferating, suggesting that the increase in the proportion of insulin cells had resulted from stimulation of progenitor cells and not proliferation of existing insulin cells.