gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Modulation of Brain Dopamine Transmission by Sex Steroids (1994)

Sex steroid hormones influence the dopaminergic systems of the hypothalamus as well as the extrahypothalamic regions of the brain in controlling movement and behavior in both humans and animals. This review focuses on the effects of sex steroids on dopaminergic activity in extrahypothalamic brain areas. Among sex steroids, estrogens have been most extensively investigated, and many studies report that estrogens affect behaviors mediated by the basal ganglia, such as in humans suffering from extrapyramidal disorders. Epidemiological and clinical evidence also suggests an influence of estrogens on the vulnerability threshold for schizophrenia and sex differences in the clinical expression of this disease. Clinical observations point to a role of androgenic hormones in Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome. In normal humans, sex steroids were also shown to influence motor and cognitive performance. Biochemical and behavioral studies in animals have also shown the effect of sex steroids on dopaminergic activity in the basal ganglia; however, both activating and inhibiting effects have been reported. This may partly be explained by effects of the dose, duration of treatment, interval between steroid administration and testing the behavior measured, and the part of the basal ganglia from which the behavior is elicited. In view of the numerous variables that influence net dopaminergic response to steroids, focus will be on the literature using similar experimental conditions to assess the effect of in vivo chronic steroid treatment, acute short-term steroid treatment and the estrous cycle as well as in vitro effects of steroids on dopamine receptors. These experimental paradigms point to two general mechanisms of action of steroids: a rapid short-term non-genomic membrane effect and a slower long-term possibly genomic effect of steroids on dopamine systems. Combining dopaminergic drugs with sex steroids could improve efficacy or reduce side effects associated with these drugs. Examples of such combined treatments in rats and monkeys are presented for delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cocaine, neuroleptics, apomorphine and L-DOPA. A better understanding of steroid-dopamine interactions and the possible isolation of conditions to have only pro or anti dopaminergic activity could then be used to develop combined therapies or to optimize drug treatments that would take into account the patient's sex and endocrine status.
Supporting Web-based database application development (2003)

This paper discusses our experiences of designing and implementing a pure Java database proxy server with a JDBC compatible driver for intranet/Internet database application development. In particular, we present a shared database connection strategy and flexible caching facilities to address the scalability problem. Web clients with the same access privilege can maintain their logical connections with shared physical connections to the database. Thus, not only a large number of users can be entertained by limited physical resource, the connection cost is also not indulged for each individual client. Web clients can also express their cache requirements explicitly in the JDBC protocol so that a large number of clients can be served with improved response time. The effectiveness of such strategies is demonstrated through a set of experiments.
PHOTOCHEMICAL cis-trans-ISOMERIZATION OF SUBSTITUTED STILBENES (1962)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPHOTOCHEMICAL cis-trans-ISOMERIZATION OF SUBSTITUTED STILBENESDietrich Schulte-Frohlinde, Hartwig Blume, and Hans GüstenCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1962, 66, 12, 2486–2491Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1962Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1962https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100818a039https://doi.org/10.1021/j100818a039research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1064Altmetric-Citations120LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
16-nm multigate and multifin MOSFET device and SRAM circuits (2010)

In this work, we explore the effects of the number of fins and fin structure on the device DC, dynamic behaviors, and random-dopant-induced characteristic fluctuations of multifin field effect transistor (FET) circuits. Multifin FETs with different fin aspect ratios [AR ≡ fin height (H <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fin</sub> )/fin width (W <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">fin</sub> )] and a fixed channel volume are simulated in a three-dimensional device simulation and the simulation results are experimentally validated. The multi-fin FinFET (AR = 2) has better channel controllability than the multifin trigate (AR = 1) and multi-fin quasi-planar (AR = 0.5) FETs. A six-transistor (6T) static random access memory (SRAM) using multi-fin FinFETs also provides the largest static noise margin because it supports the highest transconductance in FinFETs. Although FinFETs have a large effective device width and driving current, their large gate capacitance limits gate delay. The transient characteristics of an inverter with multi-fin transistors are further examined, and compared with those of an inverter with single-fin transistors. The multi-fin inverter has a shorter delay because it is dominated by the driving current of the transistor. With respect to random-dopant-induced fluctuations, the multifin FinFET suppresses not only the surface potential but also its variation because it has a more uniform surface potential than the multifin trigate and quasi-planar FET, and so the effects of random dopants on the circuits are attenuated. The results of this study provide insight into the DC, and circuit characteristics of multifin transistors and associated random dopant fluctuations.
Wet etching characteristics of a HfSiON high-<i>k</i>dielectric in HF-based solutions (2010)

The wet etching properties of a HfSiON high-k dielectric in HF-based solutions are investigated. HF-based solutions are the most promising wet chemistries for the removal of HfSiON, and etch selectivity of HF-based solutions can be improved by the addition of an acid and/or an alcohol to the HF solution. Due to densification during annealing, the etch rate of HfSiON annealed at 900 °C for 30 s is significantly reduced compared with as-deposited HfSiON in HF-based solutions. After the HfSiON film has been completely removed by HF-based solutions, it is not possible to etch the interfacial layer and the etched surface does not have a hydrophobic nature, since N diffuses to the interface layer or Si substrate formation of Si–N bonds that dissolves very slowly in HF-based solutions. Existing Si–N bonds at the interface between the new high-k dielectric deposit and the Si substrate may degrade the carrier mobility due to Coulomb scattering. In addition, we show that N2 plasma treatment before wet etching is not very effective in increasing the wet etch rate for a thin HfSiON film in our case.
CRC Codes Based on a Non-Primitive Generator Polynomial: A New Error Control Scheme Targeting a Prescribed Set of Error Patterns (2006)

A new approach to error correction codes based on non-primitive cyclic redundancy check (CRC) generator polynomials is introduced. A CRC code can be designed to detect a prescribed set of error patterns that can occur anywhere within the codeword. In this work, we observe that by using a non-primitive generator polynomial, the error pattern can be identified completely (among the prescribed set) and side information on the position of the error event can also be generated. We show that there exists a non-primitive generator polynomial that produces syndromes that can completely specify each prescribed error pattern. Moreover, we show that the computed syndrome can also determine the position of the error event within some sub-block of the codeword.
Endothelial Keratoplasty: Fellow Eyes Comparison of Descemet Stripping Automated Endothelial Keratoplasty and Descemet Membrane Endothelial Keratoplasty (2011)

The majority of the patients preferred or would recommend the DMEK procedure. Faster visual recovery and better final visual acuity were the main benefits of the DMEK technique.
An Efficient Access Control Framework For Service-Oriented Architecture of Vehicle (2021)

The static interaction method in automobile is difficult to solve the communication requirements of emerging technologies such as Advanced Driving Assistance System (ADAS) and Over-The-Air Technology (OTA). With the development of intelligence, automobiles will occupy an important position in the Internet of Things in the future. Therefore, they need to have the characteristics of openness, connectivity and self-evolution. Further, the design of Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is gradually introduced to provide more flexible communication and service call for the Internet of Vehicles. In traditional in-vehicle communication such as the CAN bus, a variety of security and safety mechanisms are adopted to protect the information and functional safety of vehicle. In automotive SOA, potential security threats also need be taken seriously. Aiming at the hidden dangers of unauthorized access in the automobile, we propose an efficient distributed access control architecture. And based on the message dissemination middleware-SOME/IP protocol of automotive SOA, a secure access control protocol-Security Expended SOME/IP (SE-SOME/IP) is designed, which can simultaneously have multiple security mechanisms and provide access control Function. The use of Attribute-Based Access Control and the introduction of Access Vector Cache can greatly shorten the request time of service.
Carbohydrate changes in squamous cell carcinomas. (1992)

Cell surface carbohydrates serve as differentiation and development markers characteristic of different cell and tissue types. The expression of these carbohydrate antigens is often significantly altered in tumours, particularly in those arising from epithelial tissues. Analyses of cell surface carbohydrates in stratified epithelium have shown a remarkable variation in glycosylation pattern in relation to terminal differentiation. The carbohydrate expression is altered in squamous cell carcinomas and in premalignant lesions. There is evidence that the expression of certain carbohydrate structures in the deep invasive part of the tumours is correlated with tumour prognosis. The change in carbohydrate expression can at present be explained by the lack of synthesis of specific glycosyltransferases. New evidence suggests that the expression of certain carbohydrate structures may be importance for the formation of metastasies.
Engineered biosynthesis of natural products in heterologous hosts (2015)

Natural products produced by microorganisms and plants are a major resource of antibacterial and anticancer drugs as well as industrially useful compounds. However, the native producers often suffer from low productivity and titers. Here we summarize the recent applications of heterologous biosynthesis for the production of several important classes of natural products such as terpenoids, flavonoids, alkaloids, and polyketides. In addition, we will discuss the new tools and strategies at multi-scale levels including gene, pathway, genome and community levels for highly efficient heterologous biosynthesis of natural products.
Exo-endocytotic recycling of synaptic vesicles in developing processes of cultured hippocampal neurons (1992)

In mature neurons synaptic vesicles (SVs) undergo cycles of exo-endocytosis at synapses. It is currently unknown whether SV exocytosis and recycling occurs also in developing axons prior to synapse formation. To address this question, we have developed an immunocytochemical assay to reveal SV exo-endocytosis in hippocampal neurons developing in culture. In this assay antibodies directed against the lumenal domain of synaptotagmin I (Syt I), an intrinsic membrane protein of SVs, are used to reveal exposure of SV membranes at the cell surface. Addition of antibodies to the culture medium of living neurons for 1 hr at 37 degrees C resulted in their rapid and specific internalization by all neuronal processes and, particularly, by axons. Double immunofluorescence and electron microscopy immunocytochemistry indicated that the antibodies were retained within SVs in cell processes and underwent cycles of exo-endocytosis in parallel with SV membranes. In contrast, another endocytotic marker, wheat germ agglutinin, was rapidly cleared from the processes and transported to the cell body. Antibody-labeled SVs were still present in axons several days after antibody loading and became clustered at presynaptic sites in parallel with synaptogenesis. These results demonstrate that SVs undergo multiple cycles of exo-endocytosis in developing neuronal processes irrespective of the presence of synaptic contacts.
Ultraviolet-A radiation induces adhesion molecule expression on human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (1994)

Ultraviolet radiation is capable of inducing numerous skin reactions. Considerable amounts of UVA radiation penetrate the epidermis and reach the microvascular endothelium of the papillary dermis. In order to investigate putative direct effects of UV radiation on endothelial cells, we studied adhesion molecule expression by immunostaining procedures and FACS analysis, following irradiation of normal human skin and cultured human dermal endothelial cells. Enhanced immunostaining for ICAM-1 and E-selectin was detected in biopsies taken after in vivo UVA and UVB irradiation, compared with non-irradiated control skin. On cultured human dermal endothelial cells, however, ICAM-1 and E-selectin were inducible by UVA but not UVB. The induction was dose-dependent, peaking at 20 J/cm2 for both adhesion molecules, and time-dependent, peaking after 6 and 24 h for E-selectin and ICAM-1, respectively. Expression of VCAM-1 and PECAM/EndoCAM/CD31 was unaffected by any UV-radiation modality. The functional integrity of irradiated cells was monitored by an exclusion assay of the fluorescent dye 7-AAD, and by staining for the cytoskeletal proteins actin and vimentin. Our results demonstrate that dermal microvascular endothelial cells are a critical and direct target of UVA, and suggest they may play a pivotal role in UV-induced inflammatory skin conditions.
Functional perfusion imaging using pseudocontinuous arterial spin labeling with low‐flip‐angle segmented 3D spiral readouts (2012)

Arterial spin labeling (ASL) provides quantitative and reproducible measurements of regional cerebral blood flow, and is therefore an attractive method for functional MRI. However, most existing ASL functional MRI protocols are based on either two-dimensional (2D) multislice or 3D spin-echo and suffer from very low image signal-to-noise ratio or through-plane blurring. 3D ASL with multishot (segmented) readouts can improve the signal-to-noise ratio efficiency relative to 2D multislice and does not suffer from T(2)-blurring. However, segmented readouts require lower imaging flip-angles and may increase the susceptibility to temporal signal fluctuations (e.g., due to physiology) relative to 2D multislice. In this article, we characterize the temporal signal-to-noise ratio of a segmented 3D spiral ASL sequence, and investigate the effects of radiofrequency phase cycling scheme and flip-angle schedule on image properties. We show that radiofrequency-spoiling is essential in segmented 3D spiral ASL, and that 3D ASL can improve temporal signal-to-noise ratio 2-fold relative to 2D multislice when using a simple polynomial (cubic) flip-angle schedule. Functional MRI results using the proposed optimized segmented 3D spiral ASL protocol show excellent activation in the visual cortex.
Alkaline and ultrasonic pretreatment of sludge before anaerobic digestion (1997)

Pretreatment of waste activated sludge (WAS) results in an improved efficiency of the subsequent anaerobic biotransformation of the organic matter to volatile fatty acids. The pretreatment process has been carried out using alkaline treatment, ultrasonic treatment (20 KHz, 120 W) and different combination of these two methods: alkaline followed by ultrasonic, as well as the combining method in which ultrasonic treatment is applied to WAS samples dosed with alkaline. The hydrolysis efficiency was evaluated based on the quantity of soluble COD (SCOD) and organic nitrogen in the pretreated WAS as well as the production of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in the following biochemical acid potential (BAP) test. For WAS samples with described pretreatments, the released SCOD varied from 36% to 89% of the total COD (TCOD) and soluble organic nitrogen from 34% to 42%. The TVFA/TCOD ratio of the raw WAS used in this study was less than 10%. For the alkaline pretreated WAS, the TVFA/TCOD ratio increased to 30%, and the following ultrasonic treatment enhanced the ratio 66%. Further, WAS samples pretreated using simultaneous ultrasound and alkaline treatment in which ultrasonic was applied to WAS samples dosed with 40 meq/L NaOH for 14.4 sec/mL could achieve a maximum TVFA/TCOD ratio of 84% in 21 hours. Therefore, the combination of simultaneous alkaline and ultrasound pretreatment is efficient in enhancing the production of volatile acids in WAS in order to achieve recovery of volatile fatty acids from the WAS.
A Proposed Miniature Red/Infrared Oximeter Suitable for Mounting on a Catheter Tip (1977)

A miniature red/infrared oximeter has, been developed that is suitable for mounting on a catheter tip and does not use fiber-optics. Two light-emitting diodes (LED's) and a phototransistor are mounted on the catheter tip such that conversion between optical and electrical signals takes place right at the tip. In vitro calibration shows that the infrared-to-red reflectance ratio is essentially linearly dependent on oxygen saturation (OS). The calibration constants depend on hematocrit and on blood flow.
REVIEWS COLLETETGUILLAUME: L'Art poétique. I: Traitté de l'Epigramme et Traitté du Sonnet. Edited with an Introduction by JANNINIP. A.. Geneva: Droz; Paris: Minard. 1965. xxv + 264 pp. (1967)

REVIEWS GUILLAUME COLLETET: L'Art poétique. I: Traitté de l'Epigramme et Traitté du Sonnet. Edited with an Introduction by P. A. JANNINI. Geneva: Droz; Paris: Minard. 1965. xxv + 264 pp. GRAHAME CASTOR GRAHAME CASTOR CAMBRIDGE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar French Studies, Volume XXI, Issue 3, July 1967, Page 240, https://doi.org/10.1093/fs/XXI.3.240 Published: 01 July 1967
A single hop data/voice VSAT (2002)

The hub-configured double-hop VSAT (very small aperture terminal) considered to be a cost-effective method for transmitting/receiving low-speed data during the 1980s was costly in terms of quality, transmission delay, loss of revenue, and dependence on the hub station. It is demonstrated that newer satellites, combined with the state-of-the-art ground station technology of the late 1980s, eliminate the need for double hopping. Calculations show that a satellite earth station equipped with a 1.2-m antenna can transmit and receive a data rate up to 64 kb. Analytical results indicate that it is possible to design a station with 1.8-m antenna for transmitting and receiving data rates higher than 64 kb.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Development of a New Calibration Procedure and Its Experimental Validation Applied to a Human Motion Capture System (2014)

Motion capture systems are often used for checking and analyzing human motion in biomechanical applications. It is important, in this context, that the systems provide the best possible accuracy. Among existing capture systems, optical systems are those with the highest accuracy. In this paper, the development of a new calibration procedure for optical human motion capture systems is presented. The performance and effectiveness of that new calibration procedure are also checked by experimental validation. The new calibration procedure consists of two stages. In the first stage, initial estimators of intrinsic and extrinsic parameters are sought. The camera calibration method used in this stage is the one proposed by Tsai. These parameters are determined from the camera characteristics, the spatial position of the camera, and the center of the capture volume. In the second stage, a simultaneous nonlinear optimization of all parameters is performed to identify the optimal values, which minimize the objective function. The objective function, in this case, minimizes two errors. The first error is the distance error between two markers placed in a wand. The second error is the error of position and orientation of the retroreflective markers of a static calibration object. The real co-ordinates of the two objects are calibrated in a co-ordinate measuring machine (CMM). The OrthoBio system is used to validate the new calibration procedure. Results are 90% lower than those from the previous calibration software and broadly comparable with results from a similarly configured Vicon system.