gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of blind method to phase-shifting lithography (1992)

A blind mask and a simplified-blind (S-blind) mask proposed for phase shifting lithography are discussed. They both have very simple structures. Both the blind and S-blind methods are very effective in solving the bridging problem in single-layer-shifter phase-shifting lithography. These phase-shifting methods are suitable for 0.3- mu m lithography for the manufacture of 64-Mb DRAMs.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
A 170 MHz CMOS pixel processor for windowing graphics (2002)

A pixel-processing RAMDAC chip, in 1.5- mu m CMOS, has been designed and tested and will operate at a clock rate of up to 170 MHz, under worst-case conditions. The authors describe the pixel-processing block of about 38000 transistors and the pipelined architecture and delay-matched circuitry used to achieve this performance. This block provides the ability to assign different visual types and color maps to each window in a graphics systems of one million or more pixels per frame. Previous RAMDACs have provided only one color mapping for an entire screen, causing inactive windows to be corrupted. Pixel processing at full pixel clock rate required full-custom circuit forms and layout and careful simulation to ensure matched propagation delays through each logic pipeline. First silicon of this part has been installed successfully in a windowing color workstation, as well as 24-plane windowing add-in cards.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Radially symmetric phase growth controlled by diffusion (1950)

Abstract Particular solutions of the diffusion equation, with radial symmetry, in three and in two dimensions, found originally by Rieck, represent the diffusion field around a spherical or cylindrical new phase, growing from a negligible initial radius in an initially uniform medium, maintaining equilibrium conditions at the growing surface. The resulting diffusion field is most simply described by saying that the radial gradient is the same as that of the corresponding potential problem with fixed boundaries, multiplied by a factor exp (-r2/4Dt), where r is radius, D diffusivity, t time. The result is applied to phase growth controlled by the diffusion of heat, solute, or both together. It differs appreciably from the static approximation unless the supercooling, or the supersaturation and the solubility, are small.
RUSBoost: A Hybrid Approach to Alleviating Class Imbalance (2009)

Class imbalance is a problem that is common to many application domains. When examples of one class in a training data set vastly outnumber examples of the other class(es), traditional data mining algorithms tend to create suboptimal classification models. Several techniques have been used to alleviate the problem of class imbalance, including data sampling and boosting. In this paper, we present a new hybrid sampling/boosting algorithm, called RUSBoost, for learning from skewed training data. This algorithm provides a simpler and faster alternative to SMOTEBoost, which is another algorithm that combines boosting and data sampling. This paper evaluates the performances of RUSBoost and SMOTEBoost, as well as their individual components (random undersampling, synthetic minority oversampling technique, and AdaBoost). We conduct experiments using 15 data sets from various application domains, four base learners, and four evaluation metrics. RUSBoost and SMOTEBoost both outperform the other procedures, and RUSBoost performs comparably to (and often better than) SMOTEBoost while being a simpler and faster technique. Given these experimental results, we highly recommend RUSBoost as an attractive alternative for improving the classification performance of learners built using imbalanced data.
Interpolation-Prediction Networks for Irregularly Sampled Time Series (2019)

In this paper, we present a new deep learning architecture for addressing the problem of supervised learning with sparse and irregularly sampled multivariate time series. The architecture is based on the use of a semi-parametric interpolation network followed by the application of a prediction network. The interpolation network allows for information to be shared across multiple dimensions of a multivariate time series during the interpolation stage, while any standard deep learning model can be used for the prediction network. This work is motivated by the analysis of physiological time series data in electronic health records, which are sparse, irregularly sampled, and multivariate. We investigate the performance of this architecture on both classification and regression tasks, showing that our approach outperforms a range of baseline and recently proposed models.
Systems aspects of fluoride-based EDFAs (2002)

We describe EDFFAs (Er-doped fluoride fiber amplifiers) and their design criteria, discuss the EDFFA gain-flatness control mechanism and new amplifier designs giving improved gain flatness, and present in detail system applications that have been explored in our laboratory. Among these are a study of EDFFA cascade in multichannel systems, and WDM transmission and routing systems using EDFFAs.
211B: PROCESSED ALLOGRAFT VERSUS COLD-PRESERVATION ON NERVE REGENERATION: A COMPARISON STUDY (2010)

Moore, AM; Nicoson, MC; Chenard, K; Santosa, K; Kasukurthi, R; Hunter, DA; Johnson, PJ; Mackinnon, SE; Borschel, GH Author Information
Wavelength Dependence of Refractive Indices of Polyimides in Visible and Near-IR Regions (2002)

The refractive indices of eleven kinds of polyimide (PI) films formed on silicon substrates have been measured at three wavelengths (0.633, 1.320, and 1.523 µm) in the transverse electric (TE) and transverse magnetic (TM) polarization modes using the prism-coupling method. The wavelength dependence of average refractive indices was fitted using the simplified Cauchy's formula, and the estimated refractive indices at infinite wavelength (ninf) and the coefficients of wavelength dispersion (D) were determined. The PIs having higher ninf exhibit larger D, and the values of D are linearly proportional to ninf for aromatic PIs, while those of wholly alicyclic PIs are very small and deviate from the linearity. In a similar manner, the in-plane/out-of-plane birefringence (Δn) values of the aromatic PIs having higher refractive indices are large and show significant wavelength dependence, while the values of Δn of alicyclic PIs are negligible. Approximate equations are presented for aromatic PIs to estimate ninf and refractive indices at 1.320 and 1.523 µm from a refractive index at 0.633 µm.
Matching and Pose Refinement with Camera Pose Estimates (1996)

This paper describes novel algorithms that use absolute camera pose information to identify correspondence among point features in hundreds or thousands of images. Our incidence counting algorithm is a geometric approach to matching; it matches features by extruding them into an absolute 3-D coordinate system, then searching 3-D space for regions into which many features project. The absolute pose estimates reported by our instrumentation are accurate, but not perfect. Thus, we also consider the problem of refining these pose estimates, given feature matches from a set of images. We describe a pose refinement algorithm which decouples translation (position) estimates from rotation (attitude) estimates, and can incorporate matches from many hundreds or thousands of images. 1 Introduction Many 3-D reconstruction algorithms rely on a matching or correspondence step to identify constraints corresponding to the scene geometry; these constraints are used to guide the 3D reconstruction proc...
Immunomodulatory Actions of Gonadal Steroids May Be Mediated by Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone (2003)

Estrogens are considered to be immunostimulatory, whereas androgens are considered to be immunosuppressive. We hypothesized that the divergent actions of gonadal steroids on the immune system may be mediated indirectly, via their potent divergent feedback effects on the hypothalamic hormone GnRH, which is itself immunostimulatory. We used the GnRH-deficient HPG/Bm mouse in an effort to disentangle the effects of gonadal steroids from the effects of GnRH. We randomized GnRH-deficient mice and their GnRH-sufficient littermates to receive androgens, estrogens, or GnRH. We subsequently measured B and T cell proliferative responses to mitogen and serum IgG levels. We demonstrate that estrogens exert stimulatory effects on B cell proliferation and serum IgG levels in the presence of GnRH but not in the absence of GnRH. Testosterone exerts suppressive effects on B cell function in the presence of GnRH but not in its absence. Androgens and estrogens exerted divergent actions on T cell function irrespective of the presence and absence of GnRH, although responses were markedly attenuated in GnRH-deficient mice. Our data suggest that the immunostimulatory effects of estrogen and the immunosuppressive effects of androgens on B cell function may be mediated indirectly via GnRH.
Baylis–Hillman reactions of N-tosyl aldimines and aryl aldehydes with 3-methylpenta-3,4-dien-2-one (2005)

The attempted Baylis-Hillman reactions of N-tosyl aldimines and aryl aldehydes with 3-methylpenta-3,4-dien-2-one gave the corresponding Baylis-Hillman adducts 3 and 6 in moderate to good yields in the presence of DMAP in DMSO, respectively. In the case of the aza-Baylis-Hillman reactions of N-tosyl aldimines with 3-methylpenta-3,4-dien-2-one catalyzed by PBu3, the corresponding aza-Baylis-Hillman derivatives 4 and 5 were formed at the same time.
Batteries: Cable‐Type Flexible Lithium Ion Battery Based on Hollow Multi‐Helix Electrodes (Adv. Mater. 38/2012) (2012)

The first ever demonstration of a cable-type lithium ion battery architecture with outstanding omni-directional flexibility is described by Je Young Kim, Heon-Cheol Shin, and co-workers on page 5192. The Front Cover image illustrates the unique battery architecture comprising a skeleton frame surrounding an empty space, that is, a hollow-spiral anode with a multi-helical structure. This design enables the battery to reliably power an LED screen or an MP3 player even under severe mechanical twisting and bending.
The Reason Why Bengali Peasants Participated the Khalifah Movement (2015)

For a long time, Chinese university history textbooks used by history-major were mostly likely to analysis the reason of the Khalifah movement from the perspective of politic and religion, which was just an explanation from the sponsors’ view and did not concerned with the participants in the movement. Although the World War I ended in 1918, Bengali peasants’ life get worse and worse instead. Together with the Indian nationalists’ agitation, peasants finally participate in the Khalifah movement. As well, the cruel rule of British India government over Bengali peasants was a necessary but not a sufficient condition to promote the exploited peasants involving in the Khalifah movement only but all conditions fully met. Also, these terms and conditions were sufficient ways to ease or prevent peasants involving in the Khalifah movement.
An Edge Preserving Locally Adaptive Anti-aliasing Zooming Algorithm with Diffused Interpolation (2006)

In this paper the problem of producing an enlarged image from a given digital image is addressed (zooming). Different image interpolation techniques are used for image enlargement. During interpolation, preserving details and smoothing data at the same time for not introducing spurious artifacts (i.e. Aliasing) is difficult. A complete and a definitive solution to this problem is still an open issue. Although there are some well known methods in the market Parket [14], Sakamote [16], the paper proposes a method that considers discontinuities and luminance variations in a sequence of non linear iterations steps. All the pixels present near the edges are diffused into the edge in a way that aliasing is reduced to a greater extent. Hence the proposed method is completed in limited computational resources. The proposed method preserves edges and brings smoothness and at the same time controls the aliasing effect.
Materials for Peripheral Nerve Regeneration (2005)

Recent efforts in scientific research in the field of peripheral nerve regeneration have been directed towards the development of artificial nerve guides. We have studied various materials with the aim of obtaining a biocompatible and biodegradable two layer guide for nerve repair. The candidate materials for use as an external layer for the nerve guides were poly(caprolactone) (PCL), a biosynthetic blend between PCL and chitosan (CS) and a synthesised poly(ester-urethane) (PU). Blending PCL, which is a biocompatible synthetic polymer, with a natural polymer enhanced the system biocompatibility and biomimetics, fastened the degradation rates and reduced the production costs. Various novel block poly(ester-urethane)s are being synthesised by our group with tailored properties for specific tissue engineering applications. One of these poly(ester-urethane)s, based on a low molecular weight poly(caprolactone) as the macrodiol, cycloesandimethanol as the chain extender and hexamethylene diisocyanate as the chain linker, was investigated for the production of melt extruded nerve guides. We studied natural polymers such as gelatin (G), poly(L-lysine) (PL) and blends between chitosan and gelatin (CS/G) as internal coatings for nerve guides. In vitro and in vivo tests were performed on PCL guides internally coated either with G or PL to determine the differences in the quality of nerve regeneration associated with the type of adhesion protein. CS/G natural blends combined the good cell adhesion properties of the protein phase with the ability to promote nerve regeneration of the polysaccharide phase. Natural blends were crosslinked both by physical and chemical crosslinking methods. In vitro neuroblast adhesion tests were performed on CS/G film samples, PCL/CS and PU guides internally coated with G to evaluate the ability of such materials towards nerve repair.
CD73, a Novel Cell Surface Antigen That Characterizes Retinal Photoreceptor Precursor Cells (2009)

CD73 is a cell surface marker of cone/rod common precursors and mature rod cells in mice and is genetically localized between Nrl and Crx. The expression of CD73 was conserved in primate rod cells, and CD73 provides an useful tool to purify photoreceptor cells for transplantation aimed at the regeneration of photoreceptors.
Ovarian ultrasound image analysis: follicle segmentation (1998)

Ovarian ultrasound is an effective tool in infertility treatment. Repeated measurements of the size and shape of follicles over several days are the primary means of evaluation by physicians. Currently, follicle wall segmentation is achieved by manual tracing which is time consuming and susceptible to inter-operator variation. An automated method for follicle wall segmentation is reported that uses a four-step process based on watershed segmentation and knowledge-based graph search algorithm which utilizes priori information about follicle structure for inner and outer wall detection. The automated technique was tested on 36 ultrasonographic images of women's ovaries. Validation against manually traced borders has shown good correlation of manually defined and computer-determined area measurements (R2 = 0.85 - 0.96). The border positioning errors were small: 0.63+/-0.36 mm for inner border and 0.67+/-0.41 mm for outer border detection. The use of watershed segmentation and graph search methods facilitates fast, accurate inner and outer border detection with minimal user-interaction.
FUEL PROCESSING REQUIREMENTS AND TECHNIQUES FOR FUEL CELL PROPULSION POWER. (1993)

Fuels for fuel cells in transportation systems are likely to be methanol, natural gas, hydrogen, propane, or ethanol. Fuels other than hydrogen wig need to be reformed to hydrogen on-board the vehicle. The fuel reformer must meet stringent requirements for weight and volume, product quality, and transient operation. It must be compact and lightweight, must produce low levels of CO and other byproducts, and must have rapid start-up and good dynamic response. Catalytic steam reforming, catalytic or noncatalytic partial oxidation reforming, or some combination of these processes may be used. This paper discusses salient features of the different kinds of reformers and describes the catalysts and processes being examined for the oxidation reforming of methanol and the steam reforming of ethanol. Effective catalysts and reaction conditions for the former have been identified; promising catalysts and reaction conditions for the latter are being investigated.
THE APPLICATION OF A FLUXGATE MAGNETOMETER TO AN AUTOMATIC ELECTRONIC DEGAUSSING SYSTEM (1961)

The three-component fluxgate magnetometer developed by Serson has been adapted to provide continuous correction signals to the degaussing system of the Chalk River iron-free β-ray spectrometer. Improved electronic circuitry has been developed for the magnetometer which minimizes the zero error and reduces to < 10 −4 gauss long-term drift caused by component aging. The degaussing coil arrangement used to generate uniform magnetic field components opposite to those of the earth is indicated and the current regulation system is described briefly. The method in which the magnetometer correction signal is introduced into the current regulators is shown and an example is given of the performance of this degaussing system during a magnetic storm.
Faceted Growth of SiC Bulk Crystals (2004)

In this paper, we suggest a model of facet formation during bulk SiC growth by Physical Vapor Transport (PVT). The model considers the step-flow growth, with the step density dependent on the local orientation of the crystallization front with respect to the close-packed crystal planes. The growth kinetics employs the Burton-Cabrera-Frank approach extended to binary compounds and a multi-component vapor. Being implemented into a 2D simulator, the model is applied to analysis of faceting in free-spreading bulk SiC growth. The computations predict the crystal shapes very similar to those observed experimentally. The faceting influence on the overall crystal growth rate is discussed.
A model for coordinating interacting agents (1994)

SPAM (Simulation Platform for Animating Motion) is a simulation software system designed to address synchronization issues pertaining to both animation and simulation. SPAM provides application programs with the manipulation, configuration, and synchronization tools needed when simulations are combined to create animations. It is designed to be used as the glue between applications that supply lists of the parameters to animate and the callback procedures to invoke when a user wishes to modify the parameters directly. SPAM does not impose a particular model of simulation, accommodating keyframing, physical simulation, or a variety of other models, providing they can be abstracted into a set of externally modifiable variables. In SPAM we recognize that the important part of simulation is not the state of the system at each time step, but rather the change in states between steps. Thus SPAM uses an interval representation of time, explicitly representing the intervals over which change o...
A study of real-time query expansion effectiveness (2006)

In this poster, we describe the study of an interface technique that provides a list of suggested additional query terms as a searcher types a search query, in effect offering interactive query expansion (IQE) options while the query is formulated. Analysis of the results shows that offering IQE during query formulation leads to better quality initial queries, and an increased uptake of query expansion. These findings have implications for how IQE should be offered in retrieval interfaces.
[Treatment of osteoporosis: current data and prospects]. (1994)

Postmenopausal osteoporosis is characterized not only by a reduction in bone mass but also by bone microarchitecture alterations, which result in greater bone frailty and in an increased fracture risk. Many drugs have been studied to determine whether they prevent bone loss or reduce the incidence of additional fractures in patients with established osteoporosis. Primary prevention of osteoporosis rests on regular exercising and adequate intake of dietary calcium. For secondary prevention in women undergoing menopause, replacement estrogen therapy given for at least ten years is associated with substantial reductions in fractures of the radius, hip, and spine. Other drugs capable of arresting postmenopausal bone loss include parenteral, nasal or rectal calcitonin and diphosphonates. However, the long-term safety of the latter requires further evaluation. Current studies are evaluating new molecules with potential preventive efficacy, such as ipriflavone. There is no general consensus about the efficacy of treatments for established osteoporosis with fractures. To date, no controlled studies have demonstrated a reduction in the incidence of further fractures in patients given calcium alone. Studies of hydroxylated vitamin D derivatives have been disappointing, although daily administration of vitamin D3 in combination with calcium significantly reduced the incidence of nonvertebral fractures in a population of elderly institutionalized subjects. Plausible explanations for this effect include increased vitamin D levels and reduced parathyroid levels in the bloodstream. Parenteral or nasal calcitonin stabilizes or increases bone mineral content in both cancellous and cortical bone. This effect is especially marked in high-turn-over patients. Several lines of evidence suggest that calcitonin therapy has a protective effect against vertebral and hip fractures. In patients with osteoporosis, oral or intravenous diphosphonates are associated with a significant increase in cancellous bone mass with no loss of cortical bone. Etidronate may be especially beneficial in severe osteoporosis with marked loss of bone and multiple vertebral crush fractures. Fluoride stimulates the growth and synthetic activity of osteoblasts. Accurate information is needed on the optimal dosage of fluoride, on the effects of fluoride on the appendicular skeleton, and, above all, on the biomechanical properties of the bone produced under fluoride therapy. In addition to these commercially available drugs, several other agents are at various stages of the development process.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)