gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Application of Blockchain in Booking and Registration Systems of Securities Exchanges (2018)

Securities exchange being digitalised and online, security of information and data has become a major concern. Blockchain (BC) technology, being distributed and immutable in nature, has proved to the “Trust Machine” eliminating the need for third-parties. Authors of this paper investigate how Blockchain can be used to secure stock exchange transactions, with an especial focus to the technological as well as legal aspects of such applications. Considering the intricate operational structure of the securities exchange, the research proposes to design, develop and implement a hybrid BC, customised according to the need of the respective stock exchange. The study suggests that the use of such BC can bring many benefits which the other technologies currently being used cannot offer. However, during the design process of any such application using BC, the relevant laws and regulations of the corresponding country need to be considered.
ZIO-201 (isophosphoramide mustard; IPM) is an orally active anti-cancer agent (2007)

3200 IPM, a bi-functional DNA alkylator, is the active metabolite of ifosfamide (IFOS). IFOS and the related drug cyclophosphamide (CPA) are widely used anti-cancer drugs. Both are pro-drugs and need to be metabolized to be active. Their clinical use is limited by the toxicity associated with some of their metabolites. IPM has shown efficacy in diverse cancer models, including activity in CPA-resistant osteosarcoma cell lines and xenografts. It has a favorable safety profile since the toxic metabolites of IFOS, acrolein and chloracetaldehyde are absent. The pharmaceutical development of IPM has been hindered so far by its extreme instability in solution. In an effort to find a stabilizing formulation of IPM a series of different IPM-salts were evaluated. A lysine salt of IPM (ZIO-201; IPM-lys) a zwitterionic species, offers several advantages relative to the IPM free acid, such as enhanced solubility and stability over a wide pH range, improved non-deliquescence characteristics and a more favorable dissolution rate. This formulation allowed the development of IPM for intravenous administration. ZIO-201 is currently in Phase II clinical trials for sarcoma. Since an oral formulation of ZIO-201 would significantly increase convenience and flexibility of its use in cancer treatment its activity by oral administration was tested in mouse cancer models. Oral administration of ZIO-201 to mice bearing P388 leukemia increased life span by 150% compared to vehicle controls, demonstrating not only oral bioavailability of ZIO-201 but also activity against leukemia. Similarly, a comparison of oral and systemic administration of ZIO-201 in MX-1 breast cancer xenografts showed a similar decrease in tumor growth for both routes of administration: 80% for intraperitoneal and 65% for oral. The maximum tolerated dose for oral administration was five times that of intraperitoneal, which also coincided with the maximal efficacious dose. These results show that the stabilized form of IPM is orally active and support a clinical development for oral ZIO-201.
Solvent–solute interactions in ionic liquids (2003)

A range of ionic liquids has been investigated using the Kamlet–Taft parameters α, β, and π*. It was found that π* is high for all of the ionic liquids studied and varies with both anion and cation, α is generally moderate and depends mainly on the cation, β is also moderate and depends mainly on the anion. Comparison is made with other polarity measurements in ionic liquids.
The application of lucifferase as a reporter of environmental regulation of gene expression in mycobacteria (1994)

This paper describes the construction of pSG10, the first mycobacterial promoter probe shuttle vector to use the structural gene of a bacterial luciferase as a reporter gene. To examine the utility of using bacterial luciferase to measure gene expression in mycobacteria, the authors have used this vector to monitor the induction of the acetamidase gene promoter of Mycobacterium smegmatis. Luciferase proved to be a rapid, sensitive and easily assayable reporter of changes in gene activity in response to environment in mycobacteria.
Phe‐46(CD4) orients the distal histidine for hydrogen bonding to bound ligands in sperm whale myoglobin (1995)

The role of Phe-46(CD4) in modulating the functional properties of sperm whale myoglobin was investigated by replacing this residue with Leu, Ile, Val, Ala, Trp, Tyr, and Glu. This highly conserved amino acid almost makes direct contact with the distal histidine and has been postulated to affect ligand binding. The overall association rate constants for CO, O2, and NO binding were little affected by decreasing the size of residue 46 step-wise from Phe to Leu to Val to Ala. In contrast, the rates of CO, O2, and NO dissociation increased 4-, 10-, and 25-fold, respectively, for the same series of mutants, causing large decreases in the affinity of myoglobin for all three diatomic gases. The rates of autooxidation at 37 degrees C, pH 7.0 increased dramatically from approximately 0.1-0.3 h-1 for wild-type, Tyr-46, and Trp-46 myoglobins to 1.5, 5.2, 4.9, and 5.0 h-1 for the Leu-46, Ile-46, Val-46 and Ala-46 mutants, respectively. Rates of NO and O2 geminate recombination were measured using 35 ps and 9 ns laser excitation pulses. Decreasing the size of residue 46 causes significant decreases in the extent of both picosecond and nanosecond rebinding processes. High resolution structures of Leu-46 and Val-46 metmyoglobins, Val-46 CO-myoglobin, and Val-46 deoxymyoglobin were determined by X-ray crystallography. When Phe-46 is replaced by Val, the loss of internal packing volume is compensated by (1) contraction of the CD corner toward the core of the protein, (2) movement of the E-helix toward the mutation site, (3) greater exposure of the distal pocket to intruding solvent molecules, and (4) large disorder in the position of the side chain of the distal histidine (His-64). In wild-type myoglobin, the van der Waals contact between C zeta of Phe-46 and C beta of His-64 appears to restrict rotation of the imidazole side chain. Insertion of Val at position 46 relieves this steric restriction, allowing the imidazole side chain to rotate about the C alpha - C beta bond toward the surface of the globin and about the C beta - C gamma bond toward the space previously occupied by the native Phe-46 side chain. This movement disrupts hydrogen bonding with bound ligands, causing significant decreases in affinity, and opens the distal pocket to solvent water molecules, causing marked increases in the rate of autooxidation.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Anonymous credentials with biometrically-enforced non-transferability (2003)

We present a model and protocol for anonymous credentials. Rather than using deterrents to ensure non-transferability, our model uses secure hardware with biometric authentication capabilities.Using the model combining biometric authentication with anonymous credentials in the wallet-with-observer architecture proposed by Bleumer [4], we formalize the requirements of an anonymous credential protocol. In doing so, we define what it means for a protocol to be strongly subliminal-free, and show that any protocol meeting this new definition can be used in a non-transferable anonymous credential system. Our new definition improves upon subliminal-freeness as used by Burmester et al [10], in that we restrict information flow among parties even when one party detects that others in the protocol are dishonest.We describe a new protocol which is strongly subliminal-free. We then extend this basic model in a modular way to include the additional feature that the issuing authority may revoke credentials via a single (broadcast) message. Finally, we present a second protocol in the extended model.
Simvastatin upregulates coronary vascular endothelial nitric oxide production in conscious dogs (2000)

Statin drugs can upregulate endothelial nitric oxide (NO) synthase (eNOS) in isolated endothelial cells independent of lipid-lowering effects. We investigated the effect of short-term simvastatin administration on coronary vascular eNOS and NO production in conscious dogs and canine tissues. Mongrel dogs were instrumented under general anesthesia to measure coronary blood flow (CBF). Simvastatin (20 mg. kg(-1). day(-1)) was administered orally for 2 wk; afterward, resting CBF was found to be higher compared with control (P < 0.05) and veratrine- (activator of reflex cholinergic NO-dependent coronary vasodilation) and ACh-mediated coronary vasodilation were enhanced (P < 0.05). Response to endothelium-independent vasodilators, adenosine and nitroglycerin, was not potentiated. After simvastatin administration, plasma nitrate and nitrite (NO(x)) levels increased from 5.22 +/- 1.2 to 7. 79 +/- 1.3 microM (P < 0.05); baseline and agonist-stimulated NO production in isolated coronary microvessels were augmented (P < 0.05); resting in vivo myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO(2)) decreased from 6.8 +/- 0.6 to 5.9 +/- 0.4 ml/min (P < 0.05); NO-dependent regulation of MVO(2) in response to NO agonists was augmented in isolated myocardial segments (P < 0.05); and eNOS protein increased 29% and eNOS mRNA decreased 50% in aortas and coronary vascular endothelium. Short-term administration of simvastatin in dogs increases coronary endothelial NO production to enhance NO-dependent coronary vasodilation and NO-mediated regulation of MVO(2).
Asymmetric Synthesis of Water-Soluble Analogues of Galactosylceramide, an HIV-1 Receptor: New Tools to Study Virus–Glycolipid Interactions (2002)

Galactosylceramide (GalCer) is a glycosphingolipid (GSL) receptor that allows HIV-1 infection of CD4-negative cells from neural and intestinal tissues. A water-soluble analogue of GalCer that features its polar head and the characteristic galactose-ceramide linkage but lacks the carbohydrate chains was prepared as a single enantiomer from (S)-serine. This analogue was not recognized in binding tests with the HIV-1 surface envelope glycoprotein gp120 in solution, which revealed the crucial importance of the ceramide alkyl chains. Two series of water-soluble GalCer analogues that contained either a hexanoic or a decanoic acyl unit and a saturated nine-carbon sphingosine moiety were designed by using molecular modeling results from natural GSLs and analogues with truncated alkyl chains. The longer chain compounds exhibit the characteristic fundamental conformation of GalCer. Seven analogues were prepared from Garner's aldehyde according to a straightforward and efficient asymmetric synthesis. All of these compounds proved to be water soluble but did not bind to gp120 in a solid-phase binding assay. These analogues were thus tested by using surface pressure measurements on a monomolecular film of GalCer, which served as a model of the plasma membrane. The incorporation of analogues very similar to GalCer into a GalCer monolayer prevented the insertion of gp120, whereas a structurally different derivative was not active. Based on these data, the molecular bases for recognition of GSLs by gp120 were elucidated. The essential importance of the GSL conformation in the primary interaction event and the crucial role of the alkyl chains of the ceramide moiety in the secondary interactions and the insertion process were clearly established.
Increased <i>in vivo</i> stability and functional lifetime of an implantable glucose sensor through platinum catalysis (2012)

Understanding and improving in vivo materials related to signal stability and preservation for active chemical sensor and biosensor transduction systems is critical in achieving implantable medical sensors for long-term in vivo applications. During human in vivo clinical testing of an implantable glucose sensor based on a glucose sensitive hydrogel, post-explant analysis showed that the boronate recognition element had been oxidized from the fluorescent indicator, causing a rapid loss of signal within hours after implant. Additional wet-bench analytical evidence and reproduction in vitro suggests reactive oxygen species, particularly hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), stemming from natural inflammatory response to the material, to be the cause of the observed oxidative de-boronation. A 3-nm thick deposition of metallic platinum (Pt) placed by plasma sputtering onto the porous surface of the hydrogel, showed immediate protection from sensor signal loss due to oxidation both in vitro and in vivo, greatly extending the useful lifetime of the implantable glucose sensor from 1 day to an expected ≥6 months. This finding may represent a new strategy to protect an implanted material and/or device from in vivo oxidative damage, leading to much improved overall stability and reliability for long-term applications.
Synthesis and luminescence properties of a novel blue emitting phosphor NaMgPO<sub>4</sub>:Eu<sup>2+</sup> (2009)

A novel blue-emitting phosphor of Eu(2+)-activated NaMgPO(4) was prepared by combustion-assisted synthesis. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate and magnesium nitrate were used as the source of Na, P and Mg, respectively. The ratios of magnesium and phosphorus components that were dissolved into the combustion solution were changed from 1:1 to 1:1.3. Their effect on the crystallinities and photoluminescence spectra of the phosphor particles were investigated. The post-heated phosphor particles had a broad excitation wavelength that ranged from 240 to 410 nm. The phosphor particles prepared from the combustion solution with a 1:1.2 ratio of magnesium to phosphorus had maximum emission intensity under ultraviolet excitation. The effect of doped Eu(2+) concentration on the emission intensity of PO₄:Eu(2+) was also investigated.
Performance of TlCaBaCuO 30 GHz 64 element antenna array (1993)

A 64-element, 30-GHz microstrip antenna array with corporate feed network was designed and built on a 0.254-mm (10-mil) thick lanthanum aluminate substrate. One antenna pattern was fabricated from gold film, and a second pattern used TlCaBaCuO high-temperature superconductor. Both antennas used gold ground planes deposited on the reverse side of the substrate. Gain and radiation patterns were measured for both antennas at room temperature and at cyrogenic temperatures. Observations agree well with simple models for loss and microwave beam width, with a gain on boresight of 20.3 dB and beam width of 15 degrees for the superconducting antenna. The antenna loss is only 1.9 dB.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Extrusion processing of Al–Li–Mg–Zr alloy (1988)

The hot deformation behaviour of an Al–Li–Mg–Zr alloy was characterised in hot torsion and extrusion. The alloy was found to have similar hot ductility to existing high strength aluminium alloys, but this could be maintained at higher temperatures. Billets were extruded over a range of process conditions and a limit diagram was constructed for surface cracking. All the extrusions were found to be partially recrystallised after deformation, but the volume fraction of recrystallisation was a strong function of billet temperature and extrusion ratio. In addition, the unrecrystallised areas contained a recovered substructure where the subgrain size was inversely proportional to the temperature compensated strain rate. The as extruded structure was retained during solution treatment and as a result final mechanical properties were strongly dependent on the extrusion conditions. The use of high billet temperatures and low extrusion ratios gave the best combination of strength and toughness.MST/839
Adjuvant trastuzumab in the treatment of her-2-positive early breast cancer: a meta-analysis of published randomized trials (2007)

The results from this meta-analysis are sufficiently compelling to consider 1 year of adjuvant trastuzumab treatment for women with HER-2-positive EBC based on the risk: benefit ratio demonstrated in these studies. Adequate assessment of HER-2/neu status is critical, and careful cardiac monitoring is warranted because of cardiac toxicity. Clinical trials should be designed to answer unsolved questions.
A novel nonlinear statistical modeling technique for microwave devices (2002)

A novel nonlinear methodology for representing statistical variations of FET Equivalent Circuit Parameters (ECPs) and a new approach to yield estimation are presented. Proposed statistical nonlinear characterization is based on combination of applied multivariate methods with heuristic techniques, while proposed yield estimation method is based on Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS). Practical examples validate the accuracy and efficiency of the methods.
Pyrrole chemistry. XXII. A "one-pot" synthesis of some 4-acylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes from pyrrole (1980)

The Vilsmeier–Haack intermediates formed from pyrrole and from 1-methylpyrrole may be acylated under normal Friedel–Crafts conditions. Hydrolytic work-up then gives 4-acylpyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes in good yield. The methoxide/methanol treatment of the 4-trichloroacetylated intermediate leads to methyl 2-formylpyrrole-4-carboxylate. These are all "one-pot" syntheses from pyrrole. The formyl group has been removed from several of the products thus affording some 3-acylpyrroles in two operations.
Amorphous α‐Tricalcium Phosphate: Preparation and Aqueous Setting Reaction (2004)

The mechanical and setting properties of calcium phosphate cements are considerably determined by the pretreatment of the constituents. In this report we show for the first time that prolonged high‐energy ball milling of α‐tricalcium phosphate (α‐TCP) led to mechanically induced phase transformation from the crystalline to the amorphous state. The amorphous material demonstrated a high reactivity such that the time for substantially complete conversion of α‐TCP to calcium‐deficient hydroxyapatite in 2.5% Na 2 HPO 4 solution decreased from about 20 h (1 h of grinding in ethanol, 85% relative crystallinity) to 4–6 h for a material with a crystallinity of 8% (24 h of grinding). This reactivity could be attributed to an increased thermodynamic and kinetic solubility of the ground materials. Mechanically activated α‐TCP cements were produced with compressive strengths of up to 80 MPa and setting times of 5–16 min. The effect of reactant preparation and cement mixing parameters on the physical and chemical properties of mechanically activated α‐TCP cement was investigated. By comparing cements of similar porosity and degree of conversion it was demonstrated that apatite specific surface area has a strong influence on cement mechanical performance, which highlights the importance of this previously overlooked parameter in improving strength.
Self-Inactivating Lentiviral Vectors and a Sensitive Cre-loxP Reporter System (2003)

Lentiviruses, such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), and bovine Jembrana disease virus (JDV) are members of the Retroviridae, viruses with enveloped capsids and a plus-stranded RNA genome. Like all retroviruses, the RNA genome of lentivirus is converted to DNA by reverse transcription (RT) after infection and is subsequently stably integrated into the host-cell genome. However, unlike other retroviruses, lentiviruses can infect both slow-and nondividing cells (1–3). To improve safety, U3 and U5 sequences of the long terminal repeats (LTRs) of the lentiviral vector have been modified to generate self-inactivating (SIN) vectors similar to those of the oncoretroviral vectors (4,5). The aim of this chapter is to introduce a SIN lentiviral vector system and the application of a sensitive Cre/loxP reporter system for vector titer determination.
Is there a glycemic threshold for mortality risk? (1999)

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are thresholds for fasting and for 2-h glucose above which the risk of death from all causes and from coronary heart disease (CHD) increases. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We studied 23-year mortality data from the Paris Prospective Study of the 7,018 men, aged 44-55 years, who were not known as diabetic at the baseline examination. The effect of glucose concentrations on mortality was studied using the observed relative risks and an age-adjusted Cox proportional hazards model. RESULTS: For all causes of death, there were J-shaped relationships with both fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations, and the lowest observed death rates were in the intervals centered on 5.5 mmol/l for fasting glucose and 5.0 mmol/l for 2-h glucose. The death rates for CHD were low in this population: for fasting glucose, the hazards ratio was best modeled by a positive linear relationship; for 2-h glucose, it was modeled by a J-shaped curve and the lowest observed death rate was in the interval centered on 6.0 mmol/l. CONCLUSIONS: In the Paris Prospective Study, there were no clear thresholds for fasting or 2-h glucose concentrations above which mortality sharply increased; in the upper levels of the glucose distributions, the risk of death progressively increased with increasing fasting and 2-h glucose concentrations.
Motivation (2009)

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Exploration of the Psychophysics of a Motion Displacement Hyperacuity Stimulus (2006)

Stimulus area, rather than edge length, determined displacement thresholds within the experimental conditions tested. MDT thresholds are linearly related to the square root of the total energy of the stimulus. A new law, the threshold energy-displacement (TED) law, is proposed to apply to MDT summation properties, giving the relationship T = K logE where, T is the MDT threshold, Kis the constant, and E is the stimulus energy.
Naphthoquinone Antimalarials. XXX.<sup>1</sup> 2-Hydroxy-3-[ω-(1-adamantyl)alkyl]-1,4-naphthoquinones<sup>2</sup> (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNaphthoquinone Antimalarials. XXX.1 2-Hydroxy-3-[ω-(1-adamantyl)alkyl]-1,4-naphthoquinones2Louis F. Fieser and Musa Z. NazerCite this: J. Med. Chem. 1967, 10, 4, 517–521Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jm00316a002https://doi.org/10.1021/jm00316a002research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views298Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts