gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effects of duration and timing of heat stress on Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) development (2002)

Exposure to temperatures above 29?C has been shown to be detrimental to the de velopment of Monarch Butterfly (Danaus plexippus L.) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) larvae, while it has been assumed that temperatures above 33? are lethal. However, the details of larval sensitiv ity to high temperatures are not clearly understood. We examined the effects of different lengths and timing of high-temperature exposure on larval and pupal mortality, development time, and adult mass. The experimental high temperature was 36?, while 27? was the moderate temperature at which individuals were kept when not exposed to the high temperature. In three experiments, larvae and pupae were subjected either to constant exposure to 36? initiated at various developmental stages or to fluctuating temperatures (daily high-temperature pulses of 6 or 12 hours) throughout devel opment. In general, we found that increasing lengths of constant exposure resulted in increasingly higher mortality, longer development time, and lighter adult mass, while daily temperature fluctua tions resulted in very little mortality and shorter development times. Mortality, development time, and adult size were affected differently by the initiation of high-temperature treatment at the vari ous stages of development. Because faster development is likely to be beneficial to Monarchs, cer tain high-temperature regimes that allow for shortened time to adulthood may not be as detrimen tal to larvae and pupae as previously was assumed. key words: Danaus plexippus, heat stress, larval development, Monarch Butterfly, thermoperiod
Implications of quantum metabolism and natural selection for the origin of cancer cells and tumor progression (2012)

Empirical studies give increased support for the hypothesis that the sporadic form of cancer is an age-related metabolic disease characterized by: (a) metabolic dysregulation with random abnormalities in mitochondrial DNA, and (b) metabolic alteration - the compensatory upregulation of glycolysis to offset mitochondrial impairments. This paper appeals to the theory of Quantum Metabolism and the principles of natural selection to formulate a conceptual framework for a quantitative analysis of the origin and proliferation of the disease. Quantum Metabolism, an analytical theory of energy transduction in cells inspired by the methodology of the quantum theory of solids, elucidates the molecular basis for differences in metabolic rate between normal cells, utilizing predominantly oxidative phosphorylation, and cancer cells utilizing predominantly glycolysis. The principles of natural selection account for the outcome of competition between the two classes of cells. Quantum Metabolism and the principles of natural selection give an ontogenic and evolutionary rationale for cancer proliferation and furnish a framework for effective therapeutic strategies to impede the spread of the disease.
Synthesen ungesättigter Pyrazol‐Derivate, II<sup>1)</sup> Reaktionen von 1.5‐Diphenyl‐pentadiin‐on‐(3) und 1.5‐Diphenylpentenin‐on‐(3) mit Hydrazin bzw. Hydroxylamin (1968)

Abstract Unter schwach sauren Bedingungen addiert sich Hydrazin an die Carbonylgruppe von 1.5‐Diphenyl‐pentadiin‐(1.4)‐on‐(3) (1) zum Ketazin 2 , unter neutralen und basischen Bedingungen an die Dreifachbindung unter Bildung des Äthinyl‐pyrazol‐Derivates 3 . Überschüssiges Hydrazin addiert sich an dessen Dreifachbindung, wobei sich die isomeren Hydrazone 6 und 7 im Verhältnis 2 : 3 bilden. Aus Hydroxylamin und 1 entsteht primär das Hydroxyisoxazolin‐Derivat 10 , welches beim Erhitzen in das Isoxazol 12 übergeht. 1.5‐Diphenyl‐pentenin‐on‐(3) (13) liefert mit Hydrazin das Gemisch der isomeren Hydrazin‐Derivate 14 des Phenäthyl‐pyrazols, mit Hydroxylamin nur eines der beiden möglichen Hydroxylamin‐Derivate (15) des Phenäthyl‐isoxazols. Die Ergebnisse erlauben es nicht, den Ort der Primäraddition der Base festzustellen.
Using HTML, with CD-ROM (Special Edition) (1997)

From the Publisher:
Que's Special Edition Using HTML 4, Fourth Edition is the most complete resource for building powerful web sites with HTML, Dynamic HTML, and XML. Using step-by-step examples, expert tips and advice, and a real-world approach, you'll have all the information you need to master HTML and its related technologies. Written by seasoned authors, this must-have guide goes beyond the basic fundamentals to cover more advanced topics and features. With its comprehensive coverage, authoritative insight, and practical techniques, this all-in-one guide will lead you to a new level of understanding and HTML mastery.
Expression and Function of P-Glycoprotein in Normal Tissues: Effect on Pharmacokinetics (2009)

ATP-binding cassette (ABC) drug efflux transporters limit intracellular concentration of their substrates by pumping them out of cell through an active, energy dependent mechanism. Several of these proteins have been originally associated with the phenomenon of multidrug resistance; however, later on, they have also been shown to control body disposition of their substrates. P-glycoprotein (Pgp) is the first detected and the best characterized of ABC drug efflux transporters. Apart from tumor cells, its constitutive expression has been reported in a variety of other tissues, such as the intestine, brain, liver, placenta, kidney, and others. Being located on the apical site of the plasma membrane, Pgp can remove a variety of structurally unrelated compounds, including clinically relevant drugs, their metabolites, and conjugates from cells. Driven by energy from ATP, it affects many pharmacokinetic events such as intestinal absorption, brain penetration, transplacental passage, and hepatobiliary excretion of drugs and their metabolites. It is widely believed that Pgp, together with other ABC drug efflux transporters, plays a crucial role in the host detoxication and protection against xenobiotic substances. On the other hand, the presence of these transporters in normal tissues may prevent pharmacotherapeutic agents from reaching their site of action, thus limiting their therapeutic potential. This chapter focuses on P-glycoprotein, its expression, localization, and function in nontumor tissues and the pharmacological consequences hereof.
EFFECTS OF AERATION DURING THE CULTIVATION OF PITCHING YEAST ON ITS CHARACTERISTICS DURING THE SUBSEQUENT FERMENTATION OF WORT (1998)

The characteristics of cultivated yeast were studied after continuous aeration, aeration for the first hour and without aeration. The fatty acid content increased under aerobic conditions, while the level of storage sugars increased under anaerobic conditions. In a fermentation test, total number of cells and their viability and also the intracellular level of storage sugars and fatty acids were higher in yeast cultivated under aerobic conditions than in yeast cultivated under anaerobic conditions. Since there were no significant differences between the performance of yeast cultivated under continuous aeration and those with aeration for the first hour, the latter offer the best economic choice.
Association between hepatitis C and hepatocellular carcinoma (2009)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer, the third most common cause for cancer death in the world, a major cause of death in patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection, and responsible for approximately one million deaths each year. Overwhelming lines of epidemiological evidence have indicated that persistent infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major risk for the development of HCC. The incidence of HCC is expected to increase in the next two decades, largely due to hepatitis C infection and secondary cirrhosis, and detection of HCC at an early stage is critical for a favorable clinical outcome. Potential preventive strategies in the development of HCC are being recognized. The natural history of HCC is highly variable and the clinical management choices for HCC can be complex, hence patient assessment and treatment planning have to take the severity of the nonmalignant liver disease into account. This review summarizes the inter-relationship between HCV and liver carcinogenesis.
Surface Modification of Colloidal TiO<sub>2</sub> Nanoparticles with Bidentate Benzene Derivatives (2009)

Surface modification of nanocrystalline TiO2 particles (45 Å) with bidentate benzene derivatives, that is, 2-hydroxybenzoic acid, 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and catechol was found to alter optical properties of nanoparticles. The formation of the inner-sphere charge transfer (CT) complexes results in a red shift of the semiconductor absorption compared to unmodified nanocrystallites. The binding structures were investigated by using FTIR spectroscopy. The investigated ligands have the optimal geometry for chelating surface Ti atoms, resulting in ring coordination complexes (catecholate or salycilate type of binuclear bidentate binding), thus restoring six-coordinated octahedral geometry of surface Ti atoms. From the Benesi−Hildebrand plot, the stability constants at pH 2 of the order 103 M−1 have been determined.
A dynamic binary instrumentation engine for the ARM architecture (2006)

Dynamic binary instrumentation (DBI) is a powerful technique for analyzing the runtime behavior of software. While numerous DBI frameworks have been developed for general-purpose architectures, work on DBI frameworks for embedded architectures has been fairly limited. In this paper, we describe the design, implementation, and applications of the ARM version of Pin, a dynamic instrumentation system from Intel. In particular, we highlight the design decisions that are geared toward the space and processing limitations of embedded systems. Pin for ARM is publicly available and is shipped with dozens of sample plug-in instrumentation tools. It has been downloaded over 500 times since its release.
Optogenetic micro-electrocorticography for modulating and localizing cerebral cortex activity (2014)

Optogenetic ECoG has potential applications in the study of epilepsy, cortical dynamics, and neuroprostheses.
How can we use mobile apps for disaster communications in Taiwan: Problems and possible practice (2011)

The growth rate of global smart phone in 2010 is as high as 78.1%, showing that smart phone gradually becomes the mainstream in the mobile phone market. Smart phone has the function of installing applications, provides users with more diversified mobile value-added services and will change users' communication habits in the future. Mobile communication follows the development trend of 3G and WiMAX, make users can link with mobile software stores through internet, downloading all kinds of applications, which has provided human beings with more diversified information, and gradually changed people's living habits. With the widespread of smart phone in Taiwan and many mobile applications start to go popular in market, people are crazy about downloading mobile applications, and different applications create different types of communications. Within a trend of smart phone and massive mobile apps go popular in Taiwan, what can we do to apply these tools for disaster communications? And compare to other infrastructure-level support, is mobile app a feasible route for disaster communications? What is the possible uses and challenges.
Impact of vitamin D treatment on 25 hydroxy vitamin D levels and insulin homeostasis in obese African American adolescents in a randomized trial (2018)

While serum 25(OH)D levels in obese AA teens increased adequately with vitamin treatment for 12 weeks and correlated with fasting insulin, it did not significantly impact insulin secretion or sensitivity. Larger studies are required over a longer period of time to confirm and explore the reasons for this finding.
Spatio-Temporal Graph Transformer Networks for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction (2020)

Understanding crowd motion dynamics is critical to real-world applications, e.g., surveillance systems and autonomous driving. This is challenging because it requires effectively modeling the socially aware crowd spatial interaction and complex temporal dependencies. We believe attention is the most important factor for trajectory prediction. In this paper, we present STAR, a Spatio-Temporal grAph tRansformer framework, which tackles trajectory prediction by only attention mechanisms. STAR models intra-graph crowd interaction by TGConv, a novel Transformer-based graph convolution mechanism. The inter-graph temporal dependencies are modeled by separate temporal Transformers. STAR captures complex spatio-temporal interactions by interleaving between spatial and temporal Transformers. To calibrate the temporal prediction for the long-lasting effect of disappeared pedestrians, we introduce a read-writable external memory module, consistently being updated by the temporal Transformer. We show that with only attention mechanism, STAR achieves state-of-the-art performance on 5 commonly used real-world pedestrian prediction datasets.
Delayed consistency and its effects on the interconnection network of shared memory multiprocessors (2002)

In large-scale shared-memory multiprocessors, the delayed consistency memory models are efficient for tolerating the large latency of the processor-memory interconnection network. In the delayed consistency memory models most of the write requests do not block the processor whereas the read requests do, so the read requests are more urgent than the write requests are. If an urgent read request is blocked by less urgent write requests in the processor-memory interconnection network, priority inversion arises because the read request should have a higher priority than the write requests. We show the priority inversion effects on the performance of the shared-memory multiprocessors, and demonstrate how much the performance can be improved by removing the priority inversion. With a performance analysis based on simulations, we could observe that removing the priority inversion speeds up the execution of parallel programs especially when the bandwidth of the interconnection network is small and the cache miss rate of a parallel program is high.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Immobilization of Urease from Pigeonpea (<i>Cajanus cajan</i> L.) in Polyacrylamide Gels and Calcium Alginate Beads (1998)

Urease from pigeonpea was entrapped in polyacrylamide gel with 50% immobilization at 10% total monomer (containing 5% cross-linker) with high mechanical stability of the gel. Approximately 0.61 mg of protein could be loaded per 5 ml of gel. The immobilized enzyme had a t1/2 of approx. 200 days when stored in 0.1 M Tris/acetate buffer, pH 6.5, at 4 degrees C. The gel strips were used 4-5 times for urea assay over a period of 6 h with less than 2% loss of activity. Approximately 50% immobilization of urease in calcium alginate was observed at 3% alginate with 0.12 mg protein/ml alginate. The resultant enzyme beads showed a t1/2 of approx. 75 days when stored in 0.1 M Tris/acetate buffer, pH 6.5, at 4 degrees C. The beads were used 4-5 times for urea assay over a period of 6 h with about 40% loss of activity. In both cases, the enzyme activity was directly proportional to the amount of immobilized enzyme. There was practically no leaching of the entrapped enzyme over a period of 48 h from either of the polymers. Both the immobilized enzyme preparations were used to analyse the blood urea of some clinical samples from the University hospital. The results obtained compared favourably with those obtained by the usual method employed in the clinical pathology laboratory.
Intraperitoneally implanted artificial pancrease with transkaryotic beta-cells on microcarrier beads in a diffusion chamber improves hyperglycemia after 90% pancreatectomy in rats. (2000)

An artificial pancreas using a diffusion chamber containing human proinsulin gene transfected cells might be a promising model for future clinical application.
Telavancin, a new lipoglycopeptide antimicrobial, in complicated skin and soft tissue infections (2011)

Telavancin, a novel lipoglycopeptide with rapid concentration-dependent bactericidal effects, is a semisynthetic derivative of the glycopeptide, vancomycin. Telavancin has a dual mechanism of action, ie, inhibition of peptidoglycan polymerization and disruption of the bacterial membrane. It has linear pharmacokinetics, rapid bactericidal killing, and broad spectrum activity against Gram positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus. Phase II and III clinical trials for complicated skin and skin structure infections have shown telavancin to have similar efficacy and tolerability to that of vancomycin and standard anti-staphylococcal β-lactams plus vancomycin. In Phase II trials, there was a significant difference in eradication of MRSA between groups, ie, telavancin therapy 92% and standard therapy (vancomycin, nafcillin, oxacillin, or cloxacillin) 68% (P < 0.05). In Phase III trials, among clinically evaluable patients who had MRSA isolated at baseline, the overall therapeutic response was higher in patients treated with telavancin than in patients treated with vancomycin (89.9% versus 84.7%; 95% CI -0.3, 10.5). Also, the efficacy of telavancin was not inferior to that of vancomycin for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections in the clinical trials.
SUMMARY OF CORROSION INVESTIGATIONS ON HIGH-TEMPERATURE ALUMINUM ALLOYS. Period covered : February 1955-October 1956 (1960)

Tests were performed on aluminum alloys to evaluate their behavior in high-temperature, high-pressure. watercooled and -moderated nuclear reactor enviromnents. Test equipment, sample preparation. and test procedures are discussed. Aluminum nickel alloys were found resistant to disintegration for periods up to 60 days in dynamic water at 600 ction prod- F. The corrosion rates of the aluminum alloys M-388 and X-2219 at 600 ction prod- F were found to be too high to merit consideration for cladding materials. The influence of pH. gas content, and velocity of the water on the corrosion of the above alloys was evaluated. Hydrogen addition at startup appeared to increase the degree of corrosion attack on the M-388 alloy. Irradiation tests on aluminum-nickel alloys revealed that the corrosion rate increased with distance from core. In-reactor samples of M-388 exhibited less corrosion attack than out-of-reactor samples. Boiling water corrosion tests were performed on M-388 for 1612 hr at 422 ction prod- F with an average heat flux of 25,000 Btu per hrft/sup 2/. The over- all corrosion rate was 2.9 mil per yr. It is concluded that the corrosion rate of M-388 is acceptable for the specified test conditions: (1) absence of radiation: (2) demineralized water at 422 ction prod- F; and (3) heat transfer rates not exceeding 40,000 Btu per ft/sup 2/. No accelerated corrosion attack due to boiling heat transfer and no significant buildup of corrosion products on heat transfer surfaces were noted. Accelerated corrosion of M-388 was noted when coupled with Type 304 stainless steel and exposed to tap water at room temperature, or air-saturated, demineralized water at 680 ction prod- F. A technique for stripping corrosion films from aluminum and aluminum-nickel alloys is given. (C.J.G.)
Effect of recombinant human activated protein C on apoptosis-related proteins. (2007)

The recombinant human activated protein C (rhAPC) has been reported to reduce mortality in patients with severe sepsis. An anti-apoptotic effect of rhAPC in sepsis is known, but the mechanism through which it acts on the apoptotic pathway is still unclear. Therefore, immunopositivity of the apoptosis-related proteins Bcl-2, an anti-apoptotic protein, c-myc, a proliferative protein, p-21 and p-53, two apoptotic proteins, was determined after rhAPC treatment in a mouse sepsis model. Sepsis was induced by Escherichia coli endotoxin injection. Increased neutrophil infiltration and immunoreactivity to p53 and p21 were observed in the group with sepsis and these immunoreactivities were decreased by rhAPC treatment. In the sepstic group; immunopositivity of Bcl-2 and c-myc was mild and moderate, respectively. In conclusion; p21- and p53-mediated apoptosis was increased in the sepsis model, and for the first time it has been shown that rhAPC decreases sepsis-induced apoptosis resulting from increased p21 and p53 proteins.
A precise and reliable train positioning system and its use for automation of train operation (2013)

For train positioning purposes, modern train control systems usually use a mix of on-board sensors providing relative measurements (like odometer) and infrastructure equipment (such as balises) for absolute positioning. In order to overcome the disadvantages of fixed installations for positioning along the track, a modular on-board positioning system based on GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is being developed in the German national research project PiLoNav. GNSS receivers provide absolute positioning information, whenever satellite signals are available. The measurement accuracy can be augmented using relative positioning with respect to a reference station, e.g. with RTK (Real-Time Kinematic) algorithms. Additional on-board sensors are integrated into a multi-sensor framework and can be used to increase both accuracy and reliability of the position information. Alternative sensor configurations can be examined within this framework in order to identify a solution for a cost-efficient positioning system which delivers values with high accuracy and reliability. The obtained positioning information will be provided to different applications on-board with the aim to increase the level of automation in different train driving tasks.
PD-1+ Polyfunctional T Cells Dominate the Periphery after Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocyte Therapy for Cancer (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Infusion of highly heterogeneous populations of autologous tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) can result in tumor regression of exceptional duration. Initial tumor regression has been associated with persistence of tumor-specific TILs 1 month after infusion, but mechanisms leading to long-lived memory responses are currently unknown. Here, we studied the dynamics of bulk tumor-reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell populations in patients with metastatic melanoma following treatment with TILs.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We analyzed the function and phenotype of tumor-reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells contained in serial blood samples of 16 patients treated with TILs.<b>Results:</b> Polyfunctional tumor-reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells accumulated over time in the peripheral lymphocyte pool. Combinatorial analysis of multiple surface markers (CD57, CD27, CD45RO, PD-1, and LAG-3) showed a unique differentiation pattern of polyfunctional tumor-reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, with highly specific PD-1 upregulation early after infusion. The differentiation and functional status appeared largely stable for up to 1 year after infusion. Despite some degree of clonal diversification occurring <i>in vivo</i> within the bulk tumor-reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells, further analyses showed that CD8<sup>+</sup> T cells specific for defined tumor antigens had similar differentiation status.<b>Conclusions:</b> We demonstrated that tumor-reactive CD8<sup>+</sup> T-cell subsets that persist after TIL therapy are mostly polyfunctional, display a stable partially differentiated phenotype, and express high levels of PD-1. These partially differentiated PD-1<sup>+</sup> polyfunctional TILs have a high capacity for persistence and may be susceptible to PD-L1/PD-L2-mediated inhibition. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(19); 5779-88. ©2017 AACR</i>.