gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Elecsys Insulin Assay: Free Insulin Determination and the Absence of Cross-Reactivity with Insulin Lispro (2001)

Insulin assays are used in the identification of rare hypoglycemic syndromes, and may be useful in classifying the different types of diabetes (1)(2)(3). Hemolysis (4)(5)(6) and circulating anti-insulin antibodies (7)(8) are sources of interference in insulin determinations. Anti-insulin antibodies may be present in the serum of insulin-treated diabetic patients, even when they are treated with biosynthetic human insulin, and may also be found in the serum of type 1 diabetic patients before insulin administration. These antibodies interfere in competitive and noncompetitive insulin immunoassays. In the increasingly used two-site noncompetitive assays, anti-insulin antibodies may yield increased results. Thus, anti-insulin antibodies must be eliminated, usually through precipitation with polyethylene glycol, before the concentration of free (active) insulin is determined (9). In addition to these considerations, both biosynthetic human insulin and insulin lispro, a fully potent analog with a faster absorption rate, are used therapeutically so that not only human endogenous and exogenous insulin, but also insulin lispro may be present in samples in which the insulin assay is to be used.

In the present study we performed a preliminary evaluation of an insulin electrochemiluminescence immunoassay recently developed by Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim, Germany) for the Elecsys® analyzer. We studied the analytical performance of this new insulin assay and assessed the results of insulin measurements in serum samples with and without anti-insulin antibodies.

The Elecsys assay uses an 18-min incubation time and a 20-μL sample volume, and has a stated dynamic range of 0.2–1000 mIU/L (1.39–6945 pmol/L). Assays were performed on the Elecsys 2010 analyzer in singleton, according to the manufacturer’s instructions, with two different lot numbers. The Elecsys results were compared with those of our routine method (Bi-Insulin IRMA; Bio-Rad) in EDTA-plasma samples from 110 diabetic patients treated with oral hypoglycemic drugs …
The Pigmentation of Acrylic Resins* (1969)

Acrylic resins may be divided into two main categories—solvent‐bome and water‐borne systems—and these have been further subdivided into two groups, namely solutions and dispersions. Problems associated with the pigmentation of acrylic resins are discussed, and methods of assessing the wetting properties of the system are mentioned. The use of wetting and dispersing agents is examined, and the concept of the hydrophilic‐lyophilic balance (HLB) value is investigated in this context. Pigmentation is one important factor that must be considered in assessing the exterior durability of acrylic resins, certain types of which are ideal media for metallic finishes because of their excellent polishing and weathering properties. The phenomenon of geometric metamerism associated with metallic finishes is discussed.
Optimization of Commingled Production Using Infinitely Variable Inflow Control Valves (2004)

We developed an operational strategy for commingled production with infinitely variable Inflow Control Valves (ICVs) using sequential linear programming. The optimization algorithm requires instantaneous and derivative information. We propose a workflow where the production engineer relies on measurements to determine the flow rate and pressure values, and on models to determine the derivative information, i.e. the changes in flow rates as a result of a change in an ICV setting. Such a model would typically be a steady-state well bore simulator including choke models to represent the ICVs and inflow models to represent the near-well reservoir flow in the various zones. The parameters of the model need to be updated regularly using real-time measurements and production tests, and we discuss the impact of different smart well instrumentation levels on the updating process.We simulated the performance of this production optimization strategy in a reservoir simulator. Some numerical aspects of the algorithm and problems encountered during implementation are discussed. The performance of the algorithm was tested in two reservoir settings. In both cases, the optimization resulted in accelerated oil production compared to conventional, surface controlled, production. However, accelerated production did not always result in higher ultimate recovery compared to the conventional case. In such situations the benefits of either short-term production optimization (accelerating production) or long-term reservoir management (maximizing recovery) should be weighed.
Impervious surface area extraction from IKONOS imagery using an object-based fuzzy method (2010)

The study of impervious surfaces is crucial to the sustainable development of urban areas due to its strong impact on urban environments. Remotely sensed high-resolution imagery has the advantage of providing more spatial details; however, digital image processing algorithms have not been well developed to accommodate this advantage and other characteristics of such imagery. In this article, an object-based fuzzy classification approach for impervious surface extraction was developed and applied to two pan-sharpened multi-spectral IKONOS images covering the residential and central business district (CBD) areas of Indianapolis, Indiana, USA. Fuzzy rules based on spectral, spatial and texture attributes, were developed to extract impervious surfaces. An accuracy assessment was performed for the final maps. The results indicated that the spatial patterns of extracted features were in accordance with those in the original images and the boundaries of features were appropriately delineated. Impervious surfaces were extracted with an accuracy of 95% in the residential area and 92% in the CBD area. Road extraction achieved accuracy a bit lower, with 93% and 90% from the residential and CBD area, respectively. Buildings were extracted with an accuracy of 94% from the residential area while 89% from the CBD area. It is suggested that the CBD area had a higher spectral complexity, building displacement and the shadow problem, leading to a more difficult estimation and mapping of impervious surfaces.
Direct modulation of lasers by dispersive threshold switching (2002)

For switching on and off semiconductor lasers usually the gain in the active medium is varied by modulating the injection current. A second possibility is to integrate an absorber section and to modulate the additional losses. In both cases the net gain is varied. Topic of this paper is to demonstrate for the first time an alternative modulation technique, where the laser can be operated at a fixed net gain. The switching is achieved by modulating electrically the threshold of the laser. Potential advantages are reduced switching power, higher switching speed, and minimized chirp.
An update of the federal drinking water regs (1995)

The 104th Congress may bring significant reforms to the SDWA as well as to USEPA's drinking water program. Previous articles (published in the J ournal in February 1990, March 1992, February 1993, and February 1994) reviewed the history, content, status, and schedule of regulations mandated by the Safe Drinking Water Act. Current developments related to these rules are presented in this article.
Measuring the effects of sub-0.1-μm filtration on 248-nm photoresist performance (2000)

Photolithography is a key technology driver enabling next generation processes. As line widths decrease to 0.18 micrometer and below, the critical size of particulate contamination decreases proportionately. The implementation of filtration below 0.1 micrometer within existing dispense systems raises concern as the removal rating of the filter approaches the size of large molecular weight components of the photoresist. This study was undertaken in order to determine the effects, if any, of 0.05 micrometer and finer filtration on photoresist performance. Utilizing 248 nm DUV resist, filters were tested in two latest generation dispense pumps, one nitrogen pressurization, and the other having a stepper motor and diaphragm. The coated 200 mm wafers were exposed at increasing exposure dose and focus in a DUV scanner to produce 0.18 micrometer features. This study concludes that as the filter removal rating became finer, the resist performance in terms of photospeed, process window or thermal stability did not change. This indicates that, using existing dispense systems, photoresists can be filtered as fine as 0.03 micrometer without significant polymer shearing or the unintentional removal of important materials from the resist. Based on these data, appropriate protection in terms of particle removal is possible as line widths necessitate the use of finer filters in resist dispense pumps.
Condition monitoring of the track/train interface (1998)

The application of condition monitoring offers significant potential for improving many aspects of railway operation and maintenance. AEA Technology Rail has been involved in condition monitoring for the UK railway industry for over twenty years covering both infrastructure and rolling stock. Since railway privatisation the importance of condition monitoring has increased significantly, in particular a need for systems assessing the track-train interface, a key contractual boundary between parties. This paper considers the essential elements of successful condition monitoring, illustrating the principles with examples drawn from the wide range of experience within AEA Technology Rail. Track-train interface monitoring systems are considered from both the infrastructure and vehicle condition monitoring perspectives. Infrastructure monitoring systems for checking track quality and adhesion are described. Vehicle monitoring systems for checking wheels are discussed.
Variations in Coupled Water, Viscoelastic Properties, and Film Thickness of a Mefp-1 Protein Film during Adsorption and Cross-Linking:  A Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation Monitoring, Ellipsometry, and Surface Plasmon Resonance Study (2001)

We have measured the time-resolved adsorption kinetics of the mussel adhesive protein (Mefp-1) on a nonpolar, methyl-terminated (thiolated) gold surface, using three independent techniques: quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D), surface plasmon resonance, and ellipsometry. The QCM-D and ellipsometry data shows that, after adsorption to saturation of Mefp-1, cross-linking of the protein layer using NaIO4 transforms it from an extended (approximately 20 nm), water-rich, and hydrogel-like state to a much thinner (approximately 5 nm), compact, and less water-rich state. Furthermore, we show how quantitative data about the thickness, shear elastic modulus, and shear viscosity of the protein film can be obtained with the QCM-D technique, even beyond the Sauerbrey regime, if frequency (f) and energy dissipation (D) measurements measured at multiple harmonics are combined with theoretical simulations using a Voight-based viscoelastic model. The modeling result was confirmed by substituting H2O for D2O. As expected, the D2O substitution does not influence the actual adsorption behavior, but resulted in expected differences in the estimated effective density and shear viscosity. These results provide new insight and understanding about the adsorption kinetics and crosslinking behavior of Mefp-1. They also demonstrate how the above three techniques complement each other for biomolecule adsorption studies.
Design Micro-controller Electronic Ballast for Multiple High Press Sodium Lamps (2006)

This paper presents electronic ballast that can supply five independent high press sodium lamps. The main contributions are as the follows: Half-bridge topology is used, putting one LCC out filter to each lamp of the ballast, parallel distributed between both switch, frequency sweep method was used to start up the five lamps. It is possible to supply any numbers (<5) of lamps. A lighting system with this kind of ballast gains the merits of low system cost and more flexibility when compared with conventional systems. The description of the lighting system, practical analysis and experimental results are included in this paper
Two Novel Diastereoselective Three-Component Reactions of Alkenes or 3,4-Dihydro-(2<i>H</i>)-pyran with Urea/Thiourea−Aldehyde Mixtures:  [4 + 2] Cycloaddition vs Biginelli-Type Reaction (2006)

Two novel diastereoselective three-component reactions of alkenes or 3,4-dihydro-(2H)-pyran with urea/thiourea-aldehyde mixtures are described. [reaction: see text]
A Forwarding Method on the IEEE 802.1 AVB (2008)

According to time sensitive traffic service are increased, a necessity of technology that guarantees low delay among digital devices in the LAN is increased. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE) 802.1 Audio/Video Bridging Task Group(AVB TG) is carrying out research on time synchronization and guarantee of low delay among digital devices which based on the Ethernet. IEEE 802.1 AVB TG is making progress time synchronization, bandwidth reservation, traffic forwarding method. We propose traffic forwarding method. This method include a virtual queue(VQ) that provides a fairness for non-time sensitive traffic and a credit based frame scheduler(CBFS) that provides low delay for time sensitive and non-time sensitive traffic. We make an experiment on our proposed method using OPNET simulator. As a result of the experiment, our method showed lowest delay then others.
ARO-ERO Phosphors for Marking, Coding and Information Storage (2003)

The objective of this preliminary study was to identify simple methods to improve marking and coding of soldiers to reduce the number of fratricide incidents among American and allied casualties. Previous studies showed that the use of powder phosphors had the potential to meet some of these marking and coding requirements, especially in conditions of low light and poor visibility. The use of phosphors is widespread in modern technologies; they can be mass-produced and are widely available, and no expensive equipment or control is needed to lay down large uniform layers of material. The recent availability of near-ultraviolet light emitting diodes in addition to infrared emitting systems has made the remote excitation of phosphors a practical possibility. The authors investigated the development of photoluminescent phosphors that could convert specific energies to specified infrared signals (e.g., visible to infrared, ultraviolet to infrared, infrared to infrared (Stokes), and infrared to visible (anti-Stokes). The authors were directed to using night vision sight (NVS) in the project. The use of NVS indicated that detection of a friendly signature would have to be observed in the infrared region to eliminate visible detection by the enemy. The suppression of visible emissions discounted the use of storage phosphors (infrared to visible) and anti-Stokes (infrared to visible). A long wave pass filter (LWPF) was used to eliminate the "bloom" of NVS by blocking optical and near-infrared wavelengths below 900 nm. An assessment of possible phosphors showed that ZnCdS had the best infrared properties. Since enemy NVS devices could detect this phosphor's emission peak at 750 nm, the Zn and Cd ratios were adjusted so that only 900 nm wavelengths could be observed. To achieve this the ZnCdS phosphor was tested with various activators and co-activators, including copper, manganese, silver, gold, indium, and gallium. These test results are reported here. (2 tables, 3 figur7
소비자 적개심이 구매의도에 미치는 부정적 영향에 대한 제품평가의 조절효과 (2019)

본 연구의 목적은 한국의 사드배치로 인한 중국소비자의 적개심이 한국제품 구매의도에 미치는 부정적 영향을 한 국제품에 대한 품질평가가 완화시키는지를 밝혀내는 것이다. 기존연구에서는 적개심과 구매의도의 관계에 있어 제품 평가의 매개역할에 관한 연구가 다수 존재하지만, 본 연구에서는 제품평가가 조절역할을 하는지를 살펴보고자 하였 다. 그리고 본 연구에서는 그동안 선행연구가 미흡했던 상황적 적개심(즉, 사드배치로 인한 정치적 적개심)과 대중국 수출비중이 가장 크고 한국제품들 중에서 중국소비자의 선호도가 가장 높지만 사드갈등으로 인해 큰 타격을 입은 한 국화장품을 중심으로 연구를 수행하였다. 설문조사, 회귀분석 및 구조방정식모형을 통해 분석한 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 사드배치로 인한 적개심이 한국화장품 구매의도에 부정적 영향력을 미치지만, 사드배치 적개심이 구매의도에 미치는 부정적 영향력을 한국화장품 평가가 상쇄시키는 조절효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 한국화장품기업이 품질향상 노력과 품질의 우수성을 알리는 마케팅커뮤니케이션 활동 등을 통해 통제 가능한 변수인 한국화장품 평가 에 대한 수준을 향상시키면 적개심으로 인한 구매의도 감소를 완화시킬 수 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구의 결과는 국제화된 조직의 마케터들이 소비자 적개심이 큰 국가에 대한 마케팅전략을 수립하는데 시사점을 갖는다.
Region substitution in video using graph cuts (2009)

Frequently, a screen editor have to edit a video shot by cutting parts of a video clip and patching them onto a targeted video. Even though cut-and-paste method is a good one to do so for editing still images, it is not appropriate for the same purpose on editing video clips since the assigned patched area is fixed while contents continuously change. In this paper we propose an automatic video patching method that preserves continuousness at the borders of the patched area by determining appropriate cut masks of every frame using graph cut algorithms. In our algorithm, it does the same thing as cut-and-paste does except that the patched mask is automatically adapted to contents on new frames.
Cycle Thermal Efficiency of Supercritical CO<sub>2</sub> Gas Turbine Dependent on Recuperator Performance (2013)

The supercritical CO2 gas turbine cycle can achieve high cycle thermal efficiency by reducing compressor work near the critical point. The achievable cycle thermal efficiency value is strongly dependent on the recuperator performance. Values of the achievable cycle thermal efficiency are calculated by assuming a value of average recuperator temperature-effectiveness of 91%. The turbine inlet pressure is 20 MPa. The effects of turbine inlet temperature are examined. The calculations are conducted both for the non-intercooling cycle and the intercooling cycle. Results show that the non-intercooling cycle is preferred to the intercooling cycle up to 600°C because of its simplicity. However, the latter is preferred to the former at temperatures greater than 600°C attributable to its approximately 2% higher efficiency. For the typical temperature of 527°C and also 650°C, the diagrams of mass and heat balance are given. The maximum cycle thermal efficiencies are, respectively, 43.4% and 48.9% for 527°C and 650°C. The effects of pressure are examined and 20 MPa is justified as an optimal value. Finally, the effects of recuperator effectiveness on the cycle thermal efficiency are examined, which are revealed to be linear and the cycle thermal efficiency increases about 0.5% for a 1% increase of the recuperator effectiveness.
Spherical Micelles and Other Self-Assembled Structures in Dilute Aqueous Mixtures of Poly(Ethylene Glycol) Lipids (2001)

In this work we report on the characteristics of dilute mixtures of poly(ethylene glycol) derivatized lipids (PEG lipids) in aqueous solution. We show that for PEG lipids with PEG of molecular weight 750, 2000, and 5000 covalently coupled to DSPE (distearoyl phosphatidylethanolamine), spherical micelles are formed. The hydrodynamic radii and aggregation numbers of the micelles are determined as a function of temperature. The hydrodynamic thickness of the polymer layer is also determined, and the experimental values are compared with theoretically predicted values using a starlike polymer scaling model. We show a quantitative agreement between the experimental and theoretically predicted values. The phospholipid anchor carries a negative charge, and the surface potential of the micelles is estimated using a fluorescent probe titration technique. The experimental values are compared with values of the surface potential calculated using a program that solves the Poisson−Boltzmann equation numerically for the spherical geometry. A reasonable agreement between the experiments and the calculations is found. Based on the range of the electrostatic interaction, we infer that the steric repulsion caused by the overlap of the polymeric coronas dominates the intermicellar interactions. In addition to spherical micelles, we also observe some interesting aggregates in samples containing PEG(750)-DSPE which are found to be of lamellar character. For the PEG(2000) and PEG(5000) lipids no lamellar aggregates are observed, but it is found that micellar solutions of these lipids are only metastable at temperatures below approximately 60 °C.
Analog signal processing (1999)

Signals and Signal Processing. Voltage Amplification. Current-to-Voltage and Voltage-to-Current Conversion. Linear Analog Functions. AC/DC Signal Conversion. Other Nonlinear Analog Functions. Analog Signal Filtering. Analog Signal Switching, Multiplexing and Sampling. Error Analysis and Reduction. Interference and Its Reduction. Noise, Drift and Their Reduction. Appendices. Index.
Cloning of Complementary DNAs Encoding Islet Amyloid Polypeptide, Insulin, and Glucagon Precursors from a New World Rodent, the Degu,<i>Octodon degus</i> (1990)

The degu, Octodon degus, is a South American hystricomorph rodent that is of interest because it develops spontaneous diabetes mellitus and has been found to have islet amyloidosis. To help clarify these problems we have cloned cDNAs encoding islet amyloid polypeptide (IAPP), insulin, and glucagon precursors from this species. The predicted amino acid sequence of degu IAPP is very similar to that of nonamyloid-forming guinea pig IAPP. In contrast, degu insulin and the C-terminal region of degu glucagon are highly divergent from those of other mammals, as is also the case in the guinea pig, suggesting the existence of some form of positive evolutionary pressure on these hormones of carbohydrate metabolism in the hystricomorph rodents.
SYNTHESIS OF NERVONIC ACID (1930)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSYNTHESIS OF NERVONIC ACIDJ. B. Hale, W. H. Lycan, and Roger AdamsCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1930, 52, 11, 4536–4539Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1930Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1930https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01374a054https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01374a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views220Altmetric-Citations11LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Friction Compensation in Robotics: an Overview (2006)

Friction effects are particularly critical for industrial robots, since they can induce large positioning errors, stick-slip motions, and limit cycles. This paper offers a reasoned overview of the main friction compensation techniques that have been developed in the last years, regrouping them according to the adopted kind of control strategy. Some experimental results are reported, to show how the control performances can be affected not only by the chosen method, but also by the characteristics of the available robotic architecture and of the executed task.