gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Brain imaging of<sup>18</sup>F‐fallypride in normal volunteers: Blood analysis, distribution, test‐retest studies, and preliminary assessment of sensitivity to aging effects on dopamine D‐2/D‐3 receptors (2002)

Human studies of dopamine D2/D3 receptors using 18F-fallypride-PET in normal volunteers were performed to evaluate brain distribution in striatal and extrastriatal regions, evaluate metabolites in blood plasma, establish PET imaging protocol for this new radiotracer, evaluate graphical methods of analysis to quantitate D2/D3 receptors, and assess the ability of 18F-fallypride to measure changes in D2/D3 receptors with aging as a model. Subjects (6; 21-63 years) had a PET scan on a Siemens HR+ scanner with 18F-fallypride and a T1-weighted MRI scan on a 1.5T GE scanner for purposes of anatomical coregistration with PET. A 3-h PET scan with 18F-fallypride (0.07 mCi/Kg) was carried out on each subject and repeated in 4-6 weeks. Arterial or arterialized venous blood was obtained in all subjects in order to evaluate blood activity levels and analyze metabolites in the plasma. Brain regions-of-interest were identified and drawn using PET and PET-MR coregistered images. PET data was analyzed using graphical methods in which cerebellum was used as the reference region providing distribution volume ratios (DVR) from which binding potential (BP) was derived and used as a measure of concentration of receptors. Distribution of 18F-fallypride was consistent in all subjects studied and the rank order of receptor concentration was putamen > caudate > thalamus = pituitary > amygdala > colliculi > substantia nigra > hippocampus = temporal cortex > parietal cortex = occipital cortex = orbitofrontal cortex. For younger subjects, BP ranged from 37 for the putamen to 0.4 for orbitofrontal cortex, with a test-retest error of about 10%. Both hydrophilic and lipophilic metabolites were observed in arterial blood plasma and analyses showed approx. 30-40% of plasma radioactivity at 3 h was 18F-fallypride. With aging, all brain regions exhibited a significant decrease (>10% per decade) in binding of 18F-fallypride. PET studies with 18F-fallypride are thus suitable to study changes in D2/D3 receptors in striatal and extrastriatal brain regions.
Binding of Heme-Hemopexin Complexes by Soluble HxuA Protein Allows Utilization of This Complexed Heme by <i>Haemophilus influenzae</i> (1998)

Utilization of heme-hemopexin as a source of heme by Haemophilus influenzae type b is dependent on expression by this bacterium of the 100-kDa HxuA protein, which is both present on the bacterial cell surface and released into the culture supernatant (L. D. Cope, R. Yogev, U. Muller-Eberhard, and E. J. Hansen, J. Bacteriol. 177:2644-2653, 1995). Radioimmunoprecipitation analysis showed that the soluble HxuA protein present in H. influenzae type b culture supernatant bound heme-hemopexin complexes in solution. An isogenic H. influenzae type b hxuA mutant was unable to utilize soluble heme-hemopexin complexes for growth in vitro unless soluble HxuA protein was provided exogenously. Soluble HxuA protein secreted by a nontypeable H. influenzae strain also allowed growth of this H. influenzae type b hxuA mutant. These results indicated that the heme present in heme-hemopexin complexes is rendered accessible to H. influenzae when these complexes are bound by the soluble HxuA protein.
Review of autoantigens in Sj&ouml;gren&rsquo;s syndrome: an update (2017)

Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in exocrine glands, resulting in reduced secretion of tears and saliva, manifesting as xerophthalmia and xerostomia, respectively. It is commonly associated with Sjögren's syndrome type A (Ro) and Sjögren's syndrome type B (La) antigens. However, in most patients, the identity of the triggering antigen is not known. Factors such as genetics of histocompatibility, dysregulation of T-cells, B-cells and viral infections have been implicated. Several important studies on autoantigens in pSS have been published since a review in 2012, and the aim of this review is to provide an update on further peer-reviewed original articles in this field. Oxidative damage of Ro60 antigen may explain the epitope spreading during the immune activation in pSS. Immune-mediated destruction of the muscarinic receptor-3-expressing cells has been associated with a reduction in parasympathetic function, which could cause reduced secretory function of exocrine glands. Such a process also activates reactive oxidative species and antioxidants, which are linked to the triggering of inflammatory responses. Elevated levels of kallikrein, yet another antigen present in the lacrimal gland and other tissues, are similarly involved in triggering an autoimmune T-cell response against target glands. Studying additional antigens, the platelet-selectin and vasoactive intestinal peptides, in patients with pSS can help to elucidate the origin and process of autoimmunity, or even lead to potential biomarkers. In conclusion, the understanding of autoantigens has led to exciting major advances in the biology of pSS and may influence diagnosis and management of pSS in future.
Efficiently writing circular contacts on production reticle (2010)

As we prepare for 32nm-hp with 193nm immersion, complex and sometimes curvilinear shapes are going to be required on masks. Contacts and vias will be circular or oval in shape on the wafer, but are still drawn as over-sized squares or rectangles on masks and in CAD systems. Yet, for packing density of designs, particularly for DRAMs and SRAMs, in order to optimize for diagonal distances, a circular via shape on the mask is desirable. In addition, a circle has by definition the minimum perimeter for a given area, improving manufacturing tolerance. This paper demonstrates new techniques for writing circles of arbitrary diameters on masks efficiently and accurately using a production e-beam mask writer. Resist-exposed SEM images are shown, demonstrating the practicality of writing circles as mask shapes for production reticles.
AUTOMATION OF A CLOUD HOSTED APPLICATION : Performance, Automated Testing, Cloud Computing (2016)

Context: Software testing is the process of assessing quality of a software product to determine whether it matches with the existing requirements of the customer or not. Software testing is one of the “Verification and Validation,” or V&V, software practices. The two basic techniques of software testing are Black-box testing and White box testing. Black-box testing focuses solely on the outputs generated in response to the inputs supplied neglecting the internal components of the software. Whereas, White-box testing focuses on the internal mechanism of the software of any application. To explore the feasibility of black-box and white-box testing under a given set of conditions, a proper test automation framework needs to be deployed. Automation is deployed in order to reduce the manual effort and to perform testing continuously, thereby increasing the quality of the product. Objectives: In this research, cloud hosted application is automated using TestComplete tool. The objective of this thesis is to verify the functionality of Cloud application known as Test data library or Test Report Analyzer through automation and to measure the impact of the automation on release cycles of the organization. Methods: Here automation is implemented using scrum methodology which is an agile development software process. Using scrum methodology, the product with working software can be delivered to the customers incrementally and empirically with updating functionalities in it. Test data library or Test Report Analyzer functionality of Cloud application is verified deploying testing device thereby the test cases can be analyzed thereby analyzing the pass or failed test cases. Results: Automation of test report analyzer functionality of cloud hosted application is made using TestComplete and impact of automation on release cycles is reduced. Using automation, nearly 24% of change in release cycles can be observed thereby reducing the manual effort and increasing the quality of delivery. Conclusion: Automation of a cloud hosted application provides no manual effort thereby utilization of time can be made effectively and application can be tested continuously increasing the efficiency and the quality of an application.
Cichlid fish visual systems: mechanisms of spectral tuning (2009)

Hundreds of species of cichlid fishes have evolved in the Great Lakes of Africa. These colorful fishes are known for their ecological diversity. Here, we discuss the diversity of their visual systems. Cichlids have seven unique cone opsin genes, which produce visual pigments sensitive from the ultraviolet to the red end of the spectrum. Different species typically express three visual pigments to produce a trichromatic visual system. Because species differ in which sets of opsin genes they express, visual sensitivities can differ widely. In addition to the large visual pigment shifts from changing gene expression, cichlids can also more finely tune visual pigments through alterations in opsin amino acid sequence. Both of these tuning mechanisms likely play an important role in cichlid ecology and could contribute to the evolution of cichlid diversity through speciation.
Animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (2006)

Experience in IBD animal modeling has shown us that an ideal animal model cannot be achieved, as the human disease is chronic, unrelenting with multiple remissions and relapses. Despite this shortcoming, the number of animal models of inflammation that relatively mimic IBD either naturally, spontaneously or phenotypically through experimental physical, immunological or genetic manipulations has significantly increased. Many of these models have helped us dissect and substantially advance our understandings of the pathogenesis of IBD, at the same time as providing an unprecedented opportunity for identifying targets for therapeutic intervention and prevention strategies. Since so many experimental animal models are now available, investigators must take into consideration the species, strains, substrains, the microenvironment in which they live and the mediators involved in each of these models, for application to preclinical testing to manipulate the immune system or to develop vaccines or gene therapy.
[Case of epidural hematoma developed after extraction of the epidural catheter and heparin injection in a patient with pulmonary embolism after colectomy]. (2008)

A 65-year-old man underwent transversal colectomy for colon cancer under combined epidural and general anesthesia. On the 1st postoperative day, he developed consciousness loss and low SpO2 (< 90%) after walking, and pulmonary embolism was diagnosed by CT-scan and pulmonary scintigraphy. His consciousness and hemodynamic state recovered, and anticoagulation therapy was started after extraction of the epidural catheter. Heparin 5000 units was injected and continuous injection was started. Five hours after the extraction of the catheter, he developed paraplegia and analgesia below L1, and epidural hematoma was found with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Emergent laminectomy was performed and the hematoma was removed. The day after laminectomy, injection of heparin was started and 1 g x day(-1) of methylpredonisolone administered for 3 days. His paraplegia did not improve after the laminectomy. We discussed about pulmonary embolism and epidural hematoma.
[Method of obtaining crystalline choleragen and choleragenoid preparations]. (1978)

A new method of concentration and purification developed allows to obtain choleragen and choleragenoid preparations, homogeneous in the immunochemical analysis with regard to the culturing of vibrios producing these substances on the available nonsynthetic nutrient medium. Crystalline choleragen and choleragenoid preparations were obtained from highly purified samples. Choleragen possessed enterotoxic and skin premeability factors; choleragenoid shows no biological activity.
Pleural dialysis in acute renal failure. (1976)

An 80 day old infant developed acute renal failure postoperatively after nephrectomy for Wilm's tumor. Pleural dialysis was utilized to control electrolyte imbalance of acute renal failure. Function of pleura as a dialyzing membrane was evaluated for the clearance of urea and creatinine.
444. Investigations on the biosynthesis of morphine alkaloids (1965)

D. H. R. Barton, G. W. Kirby, W. Steglich, G. M. Thomas, A. R. Battersby, T. A. Dobson and H. Ramuz, J. Chem. Soc., 1965, 2423 DOI: 10.1039/JR9650002423
Collective Acceleration of Heavy Ions (1980)

Results of experiments on the collective acceleration of H, He, N, Ne, Ar, and Kr ions with an intense relativistic electron beam (1.5 MeV, 30 kA, 30 ns) are reported. Using time-of-flight diagnostics, we found that the ion beam front velocity was approximately $v\ensuremath{\approx}0.1c$ for each particle species. This corresponds to a maximum kinetic energy of 390 MeV for Kr.
U1 and U2 small nuclear RNAs are present in nuclear speckles. (1992)

The localization of U1 and U2 small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs) has been examined by in situ hybridization using 2'-O-alkyl oligonucleotide probes. We have found that these snRNAs, which are essential for pre-mRNA splicing, localize in a speckled distribution, in addition to being present in three of four foci, in HeLa cell nuclei. However, in cells of defined passage, such as Detroit 551 and WI-38 fibroblasts, these snRNAs are concentrated in nuclear speckles, and foci are not observed. The speckled distribution of U1 and U2 snRNAs is coincident with the speckled regions enriched in small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle (snRNP) proteins and the essential non-snRNP splicing factor SC-35. The localization of these key components of the pre-mRNA splicing machinery to speckled nuclear regions suggests that these regions may be involved in pre-mRNA splicing.
Isolation and characterization of a steroid sulfatase cDNA clone: genomic deletions in patients with X-chromosome-linked ichthyosis. (1987)

We have isolated several cDNA clones from a lambda gt11 expression library by screening with antibodies prepared against the microsomal enzyme steroid sulfatase, which is deficient in classical X-chromosome-linked ichthyosis patients. One of these clones (p422) has been assigned by mapping with a somatic cell hybrid panel and by in situ hybridization to Xp22.3. Clone p422 therefore has a coincident localization with the previously identified locus for steroid sulfatase expression in the region of the X chromosome escaping from inactivation. Twelve steroid sulfatase-deficient patients, including eight cases of classical ichthyosis, were found to be deleted for genomic sequences detected by the clone.
RNA helicase-like protein as an early regulator of transcription factors for plant chilling and freezing tolerance (2002)

Susceptibility to chilling injury prevents the cultivation of many important crops and limits the extended storage of horticultural commodities. Although freezing tolerance is acquired through cold-induced gene expression changes mediated in part by the CBF family of transcriptional activators, whether plant chilling resistance or sensitivity involves the CBF genes is not known. We report here that an Arabidopsis thaliana mutant impaired in the cold-regulated expression of CBF genes and their downstream target genes is sensitive to chilling stress. Expression of CBF3 under a strong constitutive promoter restores chilling resistance to the mutant plants. The mutated gene was cloned and found to encode a nuclear localized RNA helicase. Our results identify a regulator of CBF genes, and demonstrate the importance of gene regulation and the CBF transcriptional activators in plant chilling resistance.
Microbially produced acetaldehyde from ethanol may increase the risk of colon cancer via folate deficiency (2000)

High alcohol and low folate intake are independent risk factors for colorectal cancer. Acetaldehyde has been postulated to be a factor responsible for ethanol-associated carcinogenesis. High levels of acetaldehyde accumulate in the large intestine via the microbial oxidation of alcohol. Acetaldehyde degrades folate in vitro. Thus, it is possible that high intracolonic acetaldehyde levels break down folate in the colon. Our aim was to test the effect of high alcohol and acetaldehyde concentrations in the gut on systemic and local intestinal folate levels in rats. Twenty rats received 3 g/kg of ethanol twice a day for 2 weeks with or without concomitant ciprofloxacin administration. Twenty control rats received saline with or without ciprofloxacin. All rats were fed a diet with normal folate content. Alcohol treatment led to very high intracolonic acetaldehyde levels (387 +/- 185 microM), which were markedly decreased by concomitant ciprofloxacin treatment (21 +/- 4 microM). Erythrocyte, serum and small intestinal folate levels were unaffected by alcohol treatment. Alcohol administration decreased significantly colonic mucosal folate levels by 48%, and this effect was prevented by ciprofloxacin. We conclude that alcohol administration for 2 weeks leads to local folate deficiency of colonic mucosa in rats, most probably via the degradation of folate by the high levels of acetaldehyde microbially produced from ethanol. Our findings offer a unique explanation for the increased risk of colonic cancer associated with alcohol intake and folate deficiency.
Patch-Clamp Technique in Brain Slices (2003)

The technique of patch-clamp recording in brain slices is applicable to a large variety of cell types in slices from nearly all areas of the central nervous system (CNS) in animals at many different stages of development (Blanton et al., 1989; Edwards et al., 1989; Konnerth, 1990). To date, the technique has been successfully applied in a number of areas of the CNS, including the hippocampus, cerebellum, striatum, brain stem, corpus callosum, hypothalamus, frontal and visual cortex, medial septum, olfactory bulb, retina, and spinal cord. In addition, the technique has been applied to other tissues, including the pituitary gland and cardiac muscle.
Effect of grain size on actuator properties of piezoelectric ceramics (1998)

Properties of piezoelectric ceramics important for actuator applications have been measured as a function of grain size. Fine grain piezoelectrics (≤1 μm) have been found to exhibit improved machinability and increased mechanical strength over conventional materials. Actuators made from fine grain ceramic are, therefore, expected to have improved reliability, higher driving fields, and lower driving voltages (from thinner layers in stacked or co-fired actuators) over devices fabricated from conventional materials. TRS Ceramics in collaboration with the Pennsylvania State University's Materials Research Laboratory, has developed fine grain piezoelectric ceramics with minimal or no reduction in piezoactivity. New chemical doping strategies designed to compensate ferroelectric domain clamping effects from grain boundaries have been successful in yielding submicron grain sized ceramics with both low and high field properties equivalent to conventional materials. In the case of Type II ceramics, reduced grain size results in a very stable domain state with respect to both electric field and compressive prestress. Work is in progress to develop both epoxy bonded stack and co-fired actuators from fine grain piezoelectrics.
Use of a Scanning‐Kelvinprobe in the Investigation of Electrochemical Reactions at the Metal/Polymer Interface (1991)

Abstract It is possible to measure the work‐function of polymer coated materials with a Kelvin‐probe. In a humid atmosphere this work‐function is mainly given by the corrosion‐potential of the metal substrate. The use of a scanning Kelvinprobe then allows to map the corrosion potential of polymer coated material with a local resolution of approx. 20 μm and to follow the delamination of polymer coatings as well in the vicinity of defects as on metal substrates, which are contaminated at the metal/polymer interface. Simultaneously, the diffusion of oxygen can be followed with a high local resolution after a jump of the oxygen activity within the gas phase.—The same techniques are used to analyse intrinsic defects within monomolecular LB‐films. In a dry gas phase the Volta potential map corresponds to the distribution of dipole‐potentials and therefore allows to distinguish between covered and uncovered parts of the substrate, as the ordered LB‐film shows rather large dipole‐potentials. In a humid atmosphere the Volta potential map again is dominated by the corrosion potential of the substrate and therefore the delamination of the LB‐film in the vicinity of defects can be studied as well as the stability of the film on the metal substrate far away from any defect.
p-type Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 nanocomposites with enhanced figure of merit (2010)

We report enhanced figure of merit, ZT, in p-type Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 nanocomposites fabricated by a rapid and high throughput method of mixing nanostructured Bi0.4Sb1.6Te3 particles obtained through melt spinning with micronsized particles obtained via solid state reaction. Due to effective scattering of phonons over a wide wavelength spectrum, low thermal conductivity, and moderately good power factor were obtained in the nanocomposites to achieve ZT above 1.5 at room temperature. A maximum ZT of 1.80 was attained at 43 °C for the nanocomposite consisting 40 wt % nanoinclusions. This was a 56% increment over the bulk sample, and the highest ZT reported for Bi2Te3-based materials.
Handbook of Thermoplastic Piping System Design (1997)

Offers coverage of design, engineering, chemical resistance, costs, standards, codes and specifications. The text provides a resistance guide that lists over 800 chemicals and nearly 400 trade names cross-referenced to formal chemical names, covering all known chemical resistance data for the most popular thermoplastic piping systems. The book cove
High-quality Speech Synthesis Using Super-resolution Mel-Spectrogram (2019)

In speech synthesis and speech enhancement systems, melspectrograms need to be precise in acoustic representations. However, the generated spectrograms are over-smooth, that could not produce high quality synthesized speech. Inspired by image-to-image translation, we address this problem by using a learning-based post filter combining Pix2PixHD and ResUnet to reconstruct the mel-spectrograms together with super-resolution. From the resulting super-resolution spectrogram networks, we can generate enhanced spectrograms to produce high quality synthesized speech. Our proposed model achieves improved mean opinion scores (MOS) of 3.71 and 4.01 over baseline results of 3.29 and 3.84, while using vocoder Griffin-Lim and WaveNet, respectively.
Novel precursors for the MOCVD of ferroelectric thin films (1999)

Abstract MOCVD is an attractive technique for the deposition of ferroelectric thin films. In order to exploit the full potential of the technique, the properties of the metalorganic precursor sometimes need to be tailored in order to optimise process parameters. In this paper we describe how the substitution of simple alkoxide groups by β-diketonate or other chelating groups can lead to precursors with improved physical properties and optimised MOCVD performance.
Modulate Work Function of Ni-FUSI metal gate by implanting Yb (2008)

This paper investigates the work function adjustment of Ni-FUSI metal gate by implanting Yb into poly-Si gate before silicidation. It is obvious that implanting Yb into poly-Si before silicidation can modulate the work function of Ni-FUSI metal gate efficiently and increasing dose can extend the range of work function modulation. The ability of work function modulation by Yb implanting is excellent. It can satisfy the work function requirement of high performance NMOS devices and highly compatible with CMOS processes.