gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Improvement in Barrier Properties of Polymers via Sulfonation and Reductive Metallization (1990)

This paper considers various methods to create a thin diffusion barrier at the surface of a plastic article such as a packaging film or container after it has been given its intended shape. Such an approach permits one to choose the optimum polymer type based on strength, processability, cost, etc. without being constrained by barrier properties. The advantages of surface sulfonated containers are presented for barrier applications such as polyethylene drums and tanks for solvents and automotive gasoline. The improvement of barrier properties for critical gases such as oxygen are also treated. The barrier treatment can be applied during blow molding as an integrated process or as a separate step afterwards. For very demanding future applications, such as all-plastic thermos bottles and flat foam panels with vacuum insulation, the sulfonation step can be followed by reductive metallization. This results in a further dramatic reduction in permeation, especially when combined with a high barrier polymer overcoat to cover minor imperfections in the metallized surface.
An Increase in Per Unit Cost: The Response from a Sales Maximizer and a Profit Maximizer (2009)

This paper investigates the decision making of firms with two different objectives -profit maximization and sales maximization, and compares their responses when encountering a higher per unit production cost or if per unit tax is imposed. The discussion in this paper is a follow up of Li and Yao
Direct overwriting system by light-intensity modulation using triple-layer disks (1991)

We have developed a direct overwriting system using light intensity modulation on a 5.25-inch triple-layer disk with a capacity of 650 MB. The system has a magnet assembly which can provide the initializing magnetic field effectively without affecting the 2D actuator even when used in the conventional ISO cartridge. The system confirms the byte error rate as low as 5 X 10<SUP>-5</SUP> at the inner area of the disk, which is equal to the typical error rate of a conventional ISO system.
Tribological Properties of Ionic Liquids (2013)

An ionic liquid is a liquid salt consisting of anions and cations. Since Wilkes [1] synthesized a low melting point ionic liquid that is stable in air in 1992, there has been active fundamen‐ tal research and engineering development directed at applications. In the field of tribology, where application is focused toward lubricants, the number of related papers [3]-[28] has in‐ creased every year since Liu et al. [2] published their research results in 2001. As a lubricant, ionic liquids are characterized by an extremely low vapor pressure, high thermal stability, and high ion conductivity. Based on these features, there are high expectations for the devel‐ opment of new ionic liquid applications as lubricants [29]-[37] in extreme environments, such as high temperatures [7]-[9] and vacuum [10]-[12], where the use of conventional lubri‐ cants is limited.
Detection of patient's bed statuses in 3D using a Microsoft Kinect (2014)

Patients spend the vast majority of their hospital stay in an unmonitored bed where various mobility factors can impact patient safety and quality. Specifically, bed positioning and a patient's related mobility in that bed can have a profound impact on risks such as pneumonias, blood clots, bed ulcers and falls. This issue has been exacerbated as the nurse-per-bed (NPB) ratio has decreased in recent years. To help assess these risks, it is critical to monitor a hospital bed's positional status (BPS). Two bed positional statuses, bed height (BH) and bed chair angle (BCA), are of critical interests for bed monitoring. In this paper, we develop a bed positional status detection system using a single Microsoft Kinect. Experimental results show that we are able to achieve 94.5% and 93.0% overall accuracy of the estimated BCA and BH in a simulated patient's room environment.
A framework using fingerprinting for signal overlapping-based method in WLAN (2010)

In this paper, we proposed a novel method that contains the advantages of two kinds of RSSI-based localization methods, the RSSI Triangulation and the RSSI Fingerprinting methods, to improve some disadvantages of traditional RSSI-based localization methods. The advantage of the former is that we could determine the possible region of the wireless device without collecting a large amount of training data and making a great training effort. However, in most case Triangulation method cannot determine the position of the user precisely and usually leads to erroneous prediction by large distance. As for the latter, RSSI fingerprinting method wastes considerable amount of time and manpower to collect all possible RSSI in all possible regions. On the contrary, it always gets more precise result. This paper combines the advantage of these two schemes. The proposed scheme does not have to pre-collect large amount of RSSI records and makes use of the results of signal coverage overlapping method as the input of RSSI fingerprinting method in the online phase.
Physics-Based NURBS Swung Surfaces (1994)

We develop a dynamic, free-form surface model which is useful for representing a broad class of objects with symmetries and topological variability. The new model is based upon swung NURBS surfaces, and it inherits their desirable cross-sectional design properties. It melds these geometric features with the demonstrated conveniences of surface design within a physics-based framework. We demonstrate several applications of dynamic NURBS swung surfaces, including interactive sculpting through the imposition of forces and the adjustment of physical parameters such as mass, damping, and elasticity. Additional applications include surface design with geometric and physical constraints, by rounding solids, and through the fitting of unstructured data. We derive the equations of motion for the dynamic NURBS swung surface model using Lagrangian mechanics of an elastic surface and the finite element method. Finally we show that these surfaces are a special case of D-NURBS surfaces, a recently proposed physicsbased generalization of standard geometric NURBS.
The adaptable user interface (1989)

A single adaptable user interface (AUI) which allows the user to switch between any number of different dialogue modes at any time—even in the middle of a command—can be useful to a variety of users who are neither beginners nor experts. It can also be used in applications where different dialogue modes are appropriate for the various parameters of a single command. An implemented user interface management system (UIMS) suggests the practicality of AUIs and their automatic generation.
Polynuclear count of the alouites (1936)

1. A polynuclear index of 1·48 is reported for 323 alouites. 2. Although diseases may account in part for this low index, climatic and other undetermined factors appear to play an important role.
A Protein Dissociation Step Limits Turnover in FLP Recombinase-mediated Site-specific Recombination (1995)

When two ongoing FLP-mediated recombination reactions are mixed, formation of cross-products is subject to a lag of several minutes, and the subsequent rate of cross-product formation is greatly reduced relative to normal reaction progress curves. The lag reflects the formation of a stable complex containing multiple FLP monomers and two FLP recombination target-containing DNA recombination products, a process completed within 5-10 min after addition of FLP recombinase to a reaction mixture. The reaction products are sequestered within this complex for an extended period of time, unavailable for further reaction. The length of the lag increases with increasing FLP protein concentration and is not affected by the introduction of unreacted (non FLP-bound) substrate. The results provide evidence that disassembly of FLP complexes from products occurs in a minimum of two steps. At least one FLP protein monomer is released from reaction complexes in a discrete step that leaves the reaction products sequestered. The recombination products are released in a form free to react with other FLP recombination target-containing DNA molecules only after at least one additional dissassembly step. One or both of these disassembly steps are rate limiting for reaction turnover under conditions often used to monitor FLP-mediated recombination in vitro.
Pharmacokinetics and efficacy of low-dose all-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. (1996)

A clinical trial was conducted in order to evaluate the therapeutic effect and side-effects of low-dose ATRA in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL). We compared the pharmacokinetic features in normal individuals with single oral ATRA at 15 mg/m2 and 45 mg/m2, respectively. The results showed that maximal plasma concentration (Cpmax) with oral 15 mg/m2 ATRA was high enough (10(-6) M) to induce APL cell differentiation. Based on these results, 27 cases of de novo APL patients were treated with continuous oral ATRA at the dose of 15-20 mg/m2/day and 24/26 evaluable cases (92%) achieved clinical CR after 13 to 67 days of ATRA treatment. No patient experienced RAS and DIC. The Cpmax with a single dose of ATRA on day 1 of treatment and immediately at CR obtained with continuous ATRA in three cases demonstrated similar values in one patient and an approximately two-fold decrease in two patients. More importantly, compared with a relatively well-matched historic group of 20 APL patients treated with high-dose ATRA, our results suggest that low-dose ATRA is as effective as high-dose in treating APL patients and may provide advantages through decreased hyperleukocytosis and other side-effects.
New heat transfer geometry for hydride heat engines and heat pumps (1979)

Hydrides offer many advantages as working materials in heat engines, heat pumps, hydrogen compressors, and other thermomechanical systems. The report discusses a porous metal hydride (LiNi/sub 5/H/sub 6/) composite that will provide mechanical stability to hydride beds and will provide excellent heat transfer to the hydride when used in the appropriate configuration.
Synthesis and Reactions of α‐Bromo‐<i>N</i>‐alkoxyimidates (1992)

Abstract The reaction of alkyl hydroxamates 2 with (C 2 H 5 ) 3 O · BF 4 in CH 2 Cl 2 affords N ‐alkoxyimidates 3 . The direct alkylation of hydroxamic acids 1 with 1,2‐dibromoethane gives the 5,6‐dihydro‐1,4,2‐dioxazine derivatives 4 . The reactions of the acyclic imidates 3 as well as the cyclic N ‐alkoxyimidates 4 with N ‐bromosuccinimide in CCl 4 produces the α‐bromoimidates 5a – d and 6a – d . The α‐bromine atom in the bromides 5b , d and 6a , b , d can be displaced by fluorine and azido substituents to yield the α‐fluoro‐ N ‐alkoxyimidates 7b , d and 10a , b , d and the α‐azido compounds 8b , d and 11a , b , d , respectively. The reduction of the azides 8b , d and 11a , b , d affords the α‐aminoimidates 9b , d and 12a b , d , respectively. The reaction of the bromides 6a – d with benzene derivatives 14a – d in the presence of AgBF 4 affords the aromatic substitution products 15a – d . Acid‐catalyzed hydrolysis of 15a , c gives the arylsubstituted carboxylic acids 16 and 17 .
Virus vs. virus: adenovirus vectored vaccine to defeat respiratory syncytial virus (2016)

RSV is the single most important vaccine-preventable pediatric disease without a vaccine program. Fears of recurrence of the clinical experience with a formalin-inactivated RSV (FI-RSV) vaccine candidate in the 1960s, which led to enhanced respiratory disease (ERD) and death following natural infection (1), continue to cast a shadow on the development of RSV vaccines for use in infants.
Construction of the San Antonio, Texas, Flood Control Tunnels (1994)

On September 23, 1987, the Fort Worth District, U. S. Army Corps of Engineers, awarded a $47.75 million contract to Ohbayashi Corporation of San Francisco, California, for the construction of two 24-ft (7.3-m) diameter tunnels totaling more than 4 mi (6.4 km) in length. The tunnels provide protection to the city of San Antonio, Texas, by capturing flood waters of the San Antonio River and San Pedro Creek above the city, diverting them about 140 ft (42.7 m) deep beneath the city and releasing the flood flows back into the channel south of the main downtown area. The tunnels were constructed with a modified Robbins tunnel boring machine (TBM) and precast concrete segments in Cretaceous age, soft to moderately hard clay shale. The excavation of the San Pedro Creek Tunnel, 5,843 ft (1,781 m) long, was completed without serious delays on July 13, 1989. Excavation for the San Antonio River Tunnel, 16,284 ft (4,965 m) long, began on October 19, 1989, and major problems due to large fallout above and in front of the TBM were experienced from the outset. After unsuccessful measures were taken in an effort to continue mining with the TBM, the Government acknowledged a differing site condition. The contract was modified to construct a temporary shaft along the alignment and to excavate a top heading through approximately 2,000 ft (610 m) of bad ground using steel ribs, wood lagging, and shotcrete for support. On July 30, 1990, a collapse of approximately 70 linear ft (21 m) of the top heading occurred, resulting in a change to the construction sequence and support system. The tunnel excavation was completed on March 16, 1992.
[Secondary intraocular lens implantation]. (1998)

Final postoperative visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 77% of the eyes. The most common postoperative complications were: pupil deformation, transient corneal edema and hyphema. One eye developed endophthalmitis requiring pars plana vitrectomy and one eye had cystoid macular edema.
Renal Phenotype of UT-A Urea Transporter Knockout Mice (2005)

The urea transporters UT-A1 and UT-A3 mediate rapid transepithelial urea transport across the inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD). In a previous study, using a new mouse model in which both UT-A1 and UT-A3 were genetically deleted from the IMCD (UT-A1/3(-/-) mice), we investigated the role of these transporters in the function of the renal inner medulla. Here the authors report a new series of studies investigating more generally the renal phenotype of UT-A1/3(-/-) mice. Pathologic screening of 33 tissues revealed abnormalities in both the testis (increased size) and kidney (decreased size and vascular congestion) of UT-A1/3(-/-) mice. Total urinary nitrate and nitrite (NOx) excretion rates in UT-A1/3(-/-) mice were more than double those in wild-type mice. Total renal blood flow was not different between UT-A1/3(-/-) and wild-type mice but underwent a greater percentage decrease in response to NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) infusion. Whole kidney GFR (FITC-inulin clearance) was not different in UT-A1/3(-/-) mice compared with controls and underwent a similar increase in response to a greater dietary protein intake. Fractional urea excretion was markedly elevated in UT-A1/3(-/-) mice on a 40% protein diet, reaching 102.4 +/- 8.8% of the filtered load, suggesting that there may be active urea secretion somewhere along the renal tubule. Although there was a marked urinary concentrating defect in UT-A1/3(-/-) mice, there was no decrease in aquaporin 2 or aquaporin 3 expression. Furthermore, although urea accumulation in the inner medulla was markedly attenuated, there was no decrease in sodium ion concentration in tissue from outer medulla or two levels of the inner medulla. These results support our conclusion that the urinary concentrating defect in UT-A1/3(-/-) mice is caused by a failure of urea transport from the IMCD lumen to the inner medullary interstitium, resulting in osmotic diuresis.
Stress analysis of the temporomandibular joint by finite element method. (1990)

A study was made of the mechanical behavior of the temporomandibular joint under occlusal force using finite element method. A two dimensional numerical model of teeth, mandible, articular disk and temporal bone was divided by 394 triangular elements and 250 nodal points. Loading conditions were expressed as a resultant force of masseter, pterygoid medialis and temporalis under various proportions of loading conditions. To evaluate lack of teeth effects on temporomandibular joint, various supporting conditions were changed.It was suggested that the posterior band of the articular disk between articular surface of mandibular fossa and condyle functioned as the temporomandibular joint shock absorber.
CD6 monoclonal antibodies differ in epitope, kinetics and mechanism of action (2018)

CD6 is a type I T-cell surface receptor that modulates antigen receptor signalling. Its activity is regulated by binding of its membrane proximal domain (domain 3) to a cell surface ligand, CD166. CD6 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) specific for the membrane distal domain (domain 1) perturb CD6 function including itolizumab (Alzumab™), which has reached the clinic for treatment of autoimmune disease. We characterized molecular and functional properties of several CD6 mAbs including itolizumab to define potential mechanisms of action. Epitope mapping using the crystal structure of CD6 to design mutants identified two distinct binding sites on different faces of domain 1, one containing residue R77, crucial for MT605 and T12.1 binding and the other, E63, which is crucial for itolizumab and MEM98. Analysis of binding kinetics revealed that itolizumab has a lower affinity compared with other CD6 domain 1 mAbs. We compared potential agonistic (triggering) and antagonistic (blocking) properties of CD6 mAbs in assays where the mechanism of action was well defined. CD6 domain 1 and 3 mAbs were equally effective in triggering interleukin-2 production by a cell line expressing a chimeric antigen receptor containing the extracellular region of CD6. CD6 domain 1 mAbs hindered binding of multivalent immobilized CD166 but were inferior compared with blocking by soluble CD166 or a CD6 domain 3 mAb. Characterization of CD6 mAbs provides an insight into how their functional effects in vivo may be interpreted and their therapeutic use optimized.
Therapeutic efficacy of aerosolized liposome-encapsulated nubiotic against pulmonary<i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>infection (2007)

Respiratory tract infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in cystic fibrosis patients. However, physicians treating cystic fibrosis patients are confronting the growing problem of multiple-drug resistance in P. aeruginosa. Nubiotics are a novel class of nucleotide-based drugs that have the potential to improve clinical outcome against pulmonary infection by multidrug resistant P. aeruginosa. In this study, therapeutic efficacy of liposome-encapsulated nubiotic (Nu-3, a protonated deoxyribonucleotide-based antibiotic) was evaluated using a rat model of pulmonary P. aeruginosa infection. Nu-3 was loaded into small unilamellar vesicles using a remote loading procedure. Groups of Sprague–Dewley rats were infected intratracheally with cystic fibrosis strains of P. aeruginosa, which were enmeshed in agar beads (2–10 × 106 enmeshed bacteria/animal). At 2 weeks postinfection, the infected rats were treated with a single-exposure dose of liposome-encapsulate...
STUDIES WITH TETRAZOLE DERIVATIVES IV. Some Pharmacologic Properties Of Aminomethyl Tetrazoles (1948)

The effect on the central nervous system of 38 derivatives of aminomethyl tetrazole has been studied. This group of compounds falls into 3 distinct classes with regard to pharmacologic action, namely: convulsant, sedative, and those containing a mixture of both properties. A correlation of structure with phaemacologic activity has been attempted.
New rate control scheme BSased on adaptive ratelimit for 1xEV-DO reverse link traffic channels (2005)

cdma2000 UEV-130 standard has a distributed rate control scheme on a reverse link. In this paper, we propose an adaptive rate control scheme based on the control of Rate Limit, which is a maximum possible data rate in the reverse link. From numerical and simulation results, it is shown that our proposed scheme achieves significant capacity gain in reverse link compared to 1xEV-D0 rate control scheme.
Thermophilic Iron-Oxidizing Bacteria Found in Copper Leaching Dumps (1978)

Rod-shaped bacteria capable of oxidizing ferrous iron at 55 degrees C were cultured from samples of a copper mine leach dump. Yeast extract or cysteine was required by these Thiobacillus-like bacteria for growth, using ferrous iron as an energy source.
The Recruitment of Raf-1 to Membranes Is Mediated by Direct Interaction with Phosphatidic Acid and Is Independent of Association with Ras (2000)

The serine/threonine kinase Raf-1 is an essential component of the MAPK cascade. Activation of Raf-1 by extracellular signals is initiated by association with intracellular membranes. Recruitment of Raf-1 to membranes has been reported to be mediated by direct association with Ras and by the phospholipase D product phosphatidic acid (PA). Here we report that insulin stimulation of HIRcB fibroblasts leads to accumulation of Ras, Raf-1, phosphorylated MEK, phosphorylated MAPK, and PA on endosomal membranes. Mutations that disrupt Raf-PA interactions prevented recruitment of Raf-1 to membranes, whereas disruption of Ras-Raf interactions did not affect agonist-dependent translocation. Expression of a dominant-negative Ras mutant did not prevent insulin-dependent Raf-1 translocation, but inhibited phosphorylation of MAPK. Finally, the PA-binding region of Raf-1 was sufficient to target green fluorescent protein to membranes, and its overexpression blocked recruitment of Raf-1 to membranes and disrupted insulin-dependent MAPK phosphorylation. These results indicate that agonist-dependent Raf-1 translocation is primarily mediated by a direct interaction with PA and is independent of association with Ras.
Serial electrocardiography to detect newly emerging or aggravating cardiac pathology: a deep-learning approach (2019)

Our method was successful in two different clinical serial ECG applications. Further studies will investigate if other problem-specific NNs can successfully be constructed, and even if it will be possible to construct a universal NN to detect any pathologic ECG change.
A negative–positive tunable liquid-crystal microlens array by printing (2009)

A tunable microlens array by printing was demonstrated. An UV-curable adhesive, NOA65, was printed and cured to form a lens array profile on an ITO glass. Then this microlens array ITO glass was assembled with a normal ITO glass to form a cell, which was later filled with a liquid crystal. The focal length of the lens array can be tuned by an electric field, which changes the index difference between liquid crystals and NOA65 due to the reorientation of the LC molecules. In our experiment, the focal length varied from -2.29 cm to 3.12 cm when the applied voltage was increased from 0 V to 13.26 V.