gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A heteropolyanion with fivefold molecular symmetry that contains a nonlabile encapsulated sodium ion. The structure and chemistry of [NaP5W30O110]14- (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA heteropolyanion with fivefold molecular symmetry that contains a nonlabile encapsulated sodium ion. The structure and chemistry of [NaP5W30O110]14-Mohammed H. Alizadeh, Subhash P. Harmalker, Yves Jeannin, Jeanne Martin-Frere, and Michael T. PopeCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1985, 107, 9, 2662–2669Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00295a019https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00295a019research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1946Altmetric-Citations302LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Layout optimization by pattern modification (1990)

This paper introduces a new and practical approach to several layout optimization problems. A novel two-dimensional pattern generator, in connection with a set of routing and placement transformations, is employed to efficiently solve problems ranging from Wire Crossing Minimization and Topological Via Minimization to Minimum Steiner Tree Optimization and IO Alignment. The expected running time is O(nlogn) and the space requirement is O(n), where n is the number of layout objects. The system is fully coded and tested, and excellent results in both laboratory and real-life examples have been achieved.
A periodic symmetrically-initiated load balancing algorithm for distributed systems (1994)

This paper presents a new load balancing algorithm called Periodic Symmetrically-Initiated (PSI). It is symmetrically initiated and uses periodic polling of a single random node to acquire information about the system state. Its performance on a distributed system is compared to the following algorithms: Random, Sender, Receiver, and Symetric. These algorithms have been evaluated in [15] where the terms Sender and Receiver are referred to as Forward and Reverse respectively. The algorithms performance under different variants to the system model is also studied to assess the sensitivity of the PSI algorithm to changes in the system attributes. This includes the communication bandwidth, the system size, the file system structure, and the workload model. The results of the study show that the PSI algorithm out performs the existing algorithms and is robust over a range of system attributes.
Many expressed genes in bacteria and yeast are transcribed only once per cell cycle (2006)

The steady-state levels of all mature transcripts expressed in bacteria and yeast have been cataloged, but we do not yet know the numbers of nascent transcripts and so RNA polymerases engaged on all genes. Such catalogs are presented here. As mRNA levels depend on the balance between synthesis and degradation, we use published data to calculate the numbers of engaged polymerases required to maintain these levels in the face of the known rate of degradation. Most genes, including essential ones, prove not to be transcribed most of the time, and many produce only one message per cell cycle. Some cells even fail to produce an essential message during a cycle, and so must depend on their mother's messages and/or proteins for survival. We speculate that evolution sets the rate of message production so low to conserve energy, minimize transcription-induced mutation, and permit regulation over the widest range.
ON WATER-WHEELS WITH VENTILATED BUCKETS (INCLUDING PLATES). (1849)

Keywords WATER WHEELS, VENTILATION, BUCKETS, AIR, REMOVAL, WATER, DISCHARGES, EFFICIENCY, CONSTRUCTION, IMPROVEMENT, IRON, MILLS, OVERSHOT, POWER... Show All
Implementation of an IEEE 802.11a compliant low-power baseband processor (2004)

In this paper results of an IEEE 802.11a compliant low-power baseband processor implementation are presented. The detailed structure of the baseband processor and its constituent blocks is given. Additionally, the design flow is briefly described and synthesis and layout results are reported.
Plasma emission spectroscopy with an optical fiber probe (1988)

We have developed an optical fiber probe which is well suited for measuring localized light emission in plasmas. The plasma emission intensity distribution along the axis of a parallel-plate rf glow discharge has been used as an example for comparing measurements between the optical fiber probe and the standard lens-slit system.
A review on non-electro nanofibre spinning techniques (2016)

A large surface area, scalable porosity, and versatility have made nanofibres one of the most widely investigated morphologies among the nanomaterials.
High performance InGaN/GaN nanorod light emitting diode arrays fabricated by nanosphere lithography and chemical mechanical polishing processes (2010)

We fabricated InGaN/GaN nanorod light emitting diode (LED) arrays using nanosphere lithography for nanorod formation, PECVD (plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition) grown SiO(2) layer for sidewall passivation, and chemical mechanical polishing for uniform nanorod contact. The nano-device demonstrates a reverse current 4.77nA at -5V, an ideality factor 7.35, and an optical output intensity 6807mW/cm(2) at the injection current density 32A/cm(2) (20mA). Moreover, the investigation of the droop effect for such a nanorod LED array reveals that junction heating is responsible for the sharp decrease at the low current.
Urokinase plasminogen activator: A prognostic marker in multiple types of cancer (1999)

Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) is a serine protease causally involved in cancer invasion and metastasis. Consistent with its role in cancer spread, uPA has been shown to be a prognostic marker in a variety of malignancies, especially breast cancer. Approximately 20 different groups have shown that high levels of uPA in breast tumor tissue predict poor outcome. As a prognostic marker in breast cancer, uPA provides information that is independent of traditionally used factors such as tumor size, tumor grade, axillary node status and estrogen receptor status. Furthermore, uPA is prognostic in node-negative patients, and a clinical trial is currently under way to assess whether uPA and its inhibitor, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, can differentiate between the majority of node-negative breast cancer patients who are cured by surgery from the minority who might benefit from adjuvant therapy. uPA is also prognostic in other malignancies, such as gastric, colorectal, esophageal, renal, endometrial, and ovarian cancers. uPA may thus be a prognostic indicator for multiple types of adenocarcinoma.
Distributed approaches for exploiting multiuser diversity in wireless networks (2006)

In wireless fading channels, multiuser diversity can be exploited by scheduling users to transmit when their channel conditions are favorable. This leads to a sum throughput that increases with the number of users and, in certain cases, achieves capacity. However, such scheduling requires global knowledge of every user's channel gain, which may be difficult to obtain in some situations. This paper addresses contention-based protocols for exploiting multiuser diversity with only local channel knowledge. A variation of the ALOHA protocol is given in which users attempt to exploit multiuser diversity gains, but suffer contention losses due to the distributed channel knowledge. The growth rate of the sum throughput for this protocol is characterized in a backlogged system under both short-term and long-term average power constraints. A simple "fixed-rate" system is shown to be asymptotically optimal and to achieve the same growth rate as in a system with an optimal centralized scheduler. Moreover, asymptotically, the fraction of throughput lost due to contention is shown to be 1/e. Also, in a system with random arrivals and an infinite user population, a variation of this ALOHA protocol is shown to be stable for any total arrival rate, given that users can estimate the backlog.
An approach to robotic guidance of an uncalibrated endoscope in beating heart surgery (2010)

Minimally invasive cardiac surgery is performed under direct vision provided by an endoscope. During cardiac bypass surgery, counterintuitive control and small field-of-view endoscopic visualization is not sufficient to localize all relevant structures of the heart. This work presents a first step towards enhanced endoscopic visualization in cardiac surgery by allowing image based steering of the endoscope without the need of camera calibration. In the envisioned clinical scenario, a surgeon or an endoscopy assistant selects a point or an area in the live endoscope video stream and the robotic system steers the endoscope towards the selected target on a beating heart. Experiments in a simulated setup have shown that the algorithm successfully performs various feature tracking tasks within the requirements. The results from these experiment led to an improvement of the algorithm to enhance the final stage of feature capturing. With the lessons learned in the simulated setup, next series of experiments have been performed in a clinical-like setting on a beating heart phantom. The experiments show that all reasonable target features can be reached within 1.2 s and 7 pixels of accuracy at a safe and conservative robot speed.
Fluoxetine-induced akathisia: clinical and theoretical implications. (1989)

Five patients receiving fluoxetine for the treatment of obsessive compulsive disorder or major depression developed akathisia. The typical fluoxetine-induced symptoms of restlessness, constant pacing, purposeless movements of the feet and legs, and marked anxiety were indistinguishable from those of neuroleptic-induced akathisia. Three patients who had experienced neuroleptic-induced akathisia in the past reported that the symptoms of fluoxetine-induced akathisia were identical, although somewhat milder. Akathisia appeared to be a common side effect of fluoxetine and generally responded well to treatment with the beta-adrenergic antagonist propranolol, dose reduction, or both. The authors suggest that fluoxetine-induced akathisia may be caused by serotonergically mediated inhibition of dopaminergic neurotransmission and that the pathophysiology of fluoxetine-induced akathisia and tricyclic antidepressant-induced "jitteriness" may be identical.
A Convenient Cas9-based Conditional Knockout Strategy for Simultaneously Targeting Multiple Genes in Mouse (2017)

The most powerful way to probe protein function is to characterize the consequence of its deletion. Compared to conventional gene knockout (KO), conditional knockout (cKO) provides an advanced gene targeting strategy with which gene deletion can be performed in a spatially and temporally restricted manner. However, for most species that are amphiploid, the widely used Cre-flox conditional KO (cKO) system would need targeting loci in both alleles to be loxP flanked, which in practice, requires time and labor consuming breeding. This is considerably significant when one is dealing with multiple genes. CRISPR/Cas9 genome modulation system is advantaged in its capability in targeting multiple sites simultaneously. Here we propose a strategy that could achieve conditional KO of multiple genes in mouse with Cre recombinase dependent Cas9 expression. By transgenic construction of loxP-stop-loxP (LSL) controlled Cas9 (LSL-Cas9) together with sgRNAs targeting EGFP, we showed that the fluorescence molecule could be eliminated in a Cre-dependent manner. We further verified the efficacy of this novel strategy to target multiple sites by deleting c-Maf and MafB simultaneously in macrophages specifically. Compared to the traditional Cre-flox cKO strategy, this sgRNAs-LSL-Cas9 cKO system is simpler and faster, and would make conditional manipulation of multiple genes feasible.
FREQUENCY RECONFIGURABLE PLANAR INVERTED-F ANTENNA (PIFA) FOR CELL-PHONE APPLICATIONS (2012)

In this paper, a frequency reconflgurable antenna for cell-phone applications is presented. The proposed structure is based on a conventional PIFA. In addition, two stubs, each with a varactor diode, are incorporated. In order to achieve the wideband characteristic, the flrst two resonant frequencies (f1 and f2) of the proposed antenna are controlled independently by the supplied voltages with the variation of the capacitances. The equivalent circuit of the varactor diode has been extracted in order to accurately predict the performance of the proposed antenna. In addition, parametric studies regarding the capacitance and antenna length have been conducted. The measurement results show that the proposed antenna has a tunable bandwidth deflned by a VSWR < 2.5 of 45.7% (606MHz » 965MHz) and 47.5% (1343MHz » 2181MHz) at f1 and f2, respectively. Therefore, f1 covers the LTE (698MHz » 798MHz), CDMA (824MHz » 894MHz), GSM (880MHz » 960MHz) bands, and f2 covers the DCS (1710MHz » 1880MHz), PCS (1850MHz » 1990MHz), WCDMA (1920MHz » 2170MHz) bands. The measured average gains varied from i4:3dBi to i1:5dBi at f1 andi6:4dBi to i2:7dBi at f2.
Casopitant: a novel NK1-receptor antagonist in the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (2009)

Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) are among the most feared and distressing symptoms experienced by patients with cancer. The knowledge of the pathogenesis and neuropharmacology of CINV has expanded enormously over the last decades, the most significant discoveries being the role of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)(3)- and neurokinin (NK)(1) receptors in the emetic reflex arch. This has led to the development of two new classes of antiemetics acting as highly selective antagonists at one of these receptors. These drugs have had a huge impact in the protection from chemotherapy-induced vomiting, whereas the effect on nausea seems to be limited. The first NK(1) receptor antagonist, aprepitant, became clinically available in 2003, and casopitant, the second in this class of antiemetics, has now completed phase III trials. This review delineates the properties and clinical use of casopitant in the prevention of CINV.
Thiamin Diphosphate Catalysis: Enzymic and Nonenzymic Covalent Intermediates (2008)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEReviewNEXTThiamin Diphosphate Catalysis: Enzymic and Nonenzymic Covalent IntermediatesRonald Kluger*† and Kai Tittmann*‡View Author Information Davenport Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6 Canada, and Department of Biochemistry, Martin-Luther University, Halle, Germany* To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: R.K., [email protected] and K.T., [email protected]†University of Toronto.‡Martin-Luther University.Cite this: Chem. Rev. 2008, 108, 6, 1797–1833Publication Date (Web):May 21, 2008Publication History Received8 November 2007Published online21 May 2008Published inissue 1 June 2008https://doi.org/10.1021/cr068444mCopyright © 2008 American Chemical SocietyRIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views3947Altmetric-Citations218LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit Read OnlinePDF (3 MB) Get e-AlertsSUBJECTS:Catalysis,Conjugate acid-base pairs,Organic reactions,Peptides and proteins,Reaction mechanisms Get e-Alerts
Studies on Electron Penetration Versus Beam Acceleration Voltage in Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Microanalysis (2006)

Energy-dispersive X-ray microanalysis technique has been commonly used in failure analysis. It is vital for an analyst to understand the electron penetration depth in a certain material so as to be able to select an appropriate accelerating beam voltage. In this paper, we will use the Monte Carlo electron flight simulation method to obtain the electron penetration data at the different beam acceleration voltages of 5kV, 10kV, 15kV, 20kV, 25kV and 30 kV for the various possible elements/materials in wafer fabrication.
A module of inflammatory cytokines defines resistance of colorectal cancer to EGFR inhibitors (2016)

Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) activates a robust signalling network to which colon cancer tumours often become addicted. Cetuximab, one of the monoclonal antibodies targeting this pathway, is employed to treat patients with colorectal cancer. However, many patients are intrinsically refractory to this treatment, and those who respond develop secondary resistance along time. Mechanisms of cancer cell resistance include either acquisition of new mutations or non genomic activation of alternative signalling routes. In this study, we employed a colon cancer model to assess potential mechanisms driving resistance to cetuximab. Resistant cells displayed increased ability to grow in suspension as colonspheres and this phenotype was associated with poorly organized structures. Factors secreted from resistant cells were causally involved in sustaining resistance, indeed administration to parental cells of conditioned medium collected from resistant cells was sufficient to reduce cetuximab efficacy. Among secreted factors, we report herein that a signature of inflammatory cytokines, including IL1A, IL1B and IL8, which are produced following EGFR pathway activation, was associated with the acquisition of an unresponsive phenotype to cetuximab in vitro. This signature correlated with lack of response to EGFR targeting also in patient-derived tumour xenografts. Collectively, these results highlight the contribution of inflammatory cytokines to reduced sensitivity to EGFR blockade and suggest that inhibition of this panel of cytokines in combination with cetuximab might yield an effective treatment strategy for CRC patients refractory to anti-EGFR targeting.
On non-blocking properties of parallel delta networks (2003)

This paper deals with the definition of a class of NxN interconnection networks called Parallel Delta Network (PDN). For this class of networks the non-blocking conditions are given. In particular, by means of the graph colouring technique, it has been proved that the minimum number of Delta subnetworks (L) necessary to provide the non-blocking property is L=nfS/21-1 where n is the size of the basic switching element and S the number of stages required by an NxN Delta network. A routing algorithm for the establishment of any permutation has been defined.\nIt operates for any value of n and shows a polynomial time\ncomplexity equal to O(N3/2). Moreover, in case of the setup\nof a single connection request, this algorithm assures a\ntime complexity equal to O(VN). This property makes it\nwell suitable to an asynchronous telecommunication\nenvironment.
Molecules that Target beta‐Amyloid (2007)

The devastating effects of Alzheimer's and related amyloidogenic diseases have inspired the synthesis and evaluation of numerous ligands to understand the molecular mechanism of the aggregation of the beta-amyloid peptide. Our review focuses on the current knowledge in this field with respect to molecules that have been demonstrated to interact with either oligomeric or fibrillar forms of the beta-amyloid peptide. We describe natural proteins, peptides, peptidomimetics, and small molecules that have been found to interfere with beta-amyloid aggregation. We also detail recent efforts in selecting molecules that target beta-amyloid isolated from antibody, protein, and peptide libraries. These new molecules will likely aid in deciphering the details of the aggregation pathway for the beta-amyloid peptide and provide reagents that may stabilize relevant oligomeric intermediates which likely have bearing on the pathophysiology of Alzheimer's disease. Moreover, the described anti-amyloid molecular toolbox will also provide an avenue for designing new diagnostic and therapeutic reagents.
High-mobility pentacene organic thin film transistors (2002)

Organic thin film transistors (TFTs), are of interest for use in broad area electronic applications. In active matrix liquid crystal displays, AMLCDs, for example, organic TFTs would allow the use of inexpensive, light-weight, and mechanically rugged plastic substrates as an alternative to glass. To date, organic TFTs have exhibited field effect mobilities and current on/off ratios too low to be useful for display technology. For example, organic TFTs based on /spl alpha/-sexithienyl typically have a maximum mobility near 0.05 cm/sup 2//V-s and a maximum on/off ration of about 10/sup 6/. We have fabricated organic TFTs using pentacene, a fused-ring aromatic hydrocarbon, as the active material. These new devices have field-effect mobility greater than 0.6 cm/sup 2//V-s and on/off ratio greater than 10/sup 8/.
Methodology for repeater insertion management in the RTL, layout, floorplan and fullchip timing databases of the Itanium microprocessor (2001)

In this paper, we describe a methodology for inserting repeaters into the RTL, Layout, Floorplan and Fullchip timing databases of the ItaniumTM processor.
Lean Body Mass, Interleukin 18, and Metabolic Syndrome in Apparently Healthy Chinese (2011)

Elevated plasma IL-18 was associated with higher MetS prevalence in apparently healthy Chinese, independent of traditional risk factors, FMI, inflammatory markers and HMW-adiponectin. More studies are needed to clarify the role of lean mass in IL-18 secretion and its associated cardio-metabolic disorders.