gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visualizing epithelial expression of EGFR in vivo with distal scanning side-viewing confocal endomicroscope (2016)

Confocal endomicroscopy is an emerging imaging technology that has recently been introduced into the clinic to instantaneously collect "optical biopsies" in vivo with histology-like quality. Here, we demonstrate a fast scanner located in the distal end of a side-viewing instrument using a compact lens assembly with numerical aperture of 0.5 to achieve a working distance of 100 μm and field-of-view of 300 × 400 μm<sup>2</sup>. The microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) mirror was designed based on the principle of parametric resonance and images at 5 frames per second. The instrument has a 4.2 mm outer diameter and 3 cm rigid length, and can pass through the biopsy channel of a medical endoscope. We achieved real time optical sections of NIR fluorescence with 0.87 μm lateral resolution, and were able to visualize in vivo binding of a Cy5.5-labeled peptide specific for EGFR to the cell surface of pre-cancerous colonocytes within the epithelium of dysplastic crypts in mouse colon. By performing targeted imaging with endomicroscopy, we can visualize molecular expression patterns in vivo that provide a biological basis for disease detection.
Chalk drawing (1860)

Journal Article Chalk drawing Get access E. E. M. E. E. M. 1Rue d'Angoulème, St. Honoré Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar Notes and Queries, Volume s2-IX, Issue 216, 18 February 1860, Page 123, https://doi.org/10.1093/nq/s2-IX.216.123d Published: 18 February 1860
Core-resonance capillary-fiber whispering-gallery-mode laser (1992)

We describe the observation of laser emission at wavelengths corresponding to whispering-gallery modes from a highly refractive dye-doped solvent flowing in a normally illuminated silica capillary fiber. The cylindrical whispering-gallery-mode laser described here differs from the well-known spherical droplet laser in that it has an internal refractive index discontinuity. Boundary-value computations are presented that reveal that the feedback responsible for the observed lasing modes is associated with total internal reflection at the liquidsilica interface. No laser peaks are observed when the refractive index of the solvent is less than that of the silica.
Electromagnetic imaging of underground targets using constrained optimization (1995)

Several high-frequency electromagnetic techniques have been used in recent years to detect and identify buried objects. Post-processing of the collected data is performed in many of these techniques to obtain high-quality images of buried targets. Accurate reconstructions of the target's constitutive parameters can be obtained by casting the imaging problem in terms of an inverse electromagnetic scattering problem. A number of techniques have been put forth recently to invert the electromagnetic data to obtain such images. The authors use a frequency-domain Born iterative method to reconstruct images of shallow targets. The Born iterative technique requires successive solutions to a forward scattering problem followed by an inverse scattering problem at each iteration step. They use a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm to solve the forward scattering problem and constrained optimization for the inverse problem. Two-dimensional simulated data for several canonical objects buried in the ground are obtained using the FDTD technique. The same FDTD code is also used in calculating the Green's function required for solving the constrained optimization problem. Lossy, inhomogeneous ground models are used in several simulations to illustrate the use of this technique for practical situations. The inversion process can be used to reconstruct images for many realistic dielectric contrasts for which a linear Born approximation fails. Moreover, it is also shown that a small number of measurements results in accurate reconstructions with this technique. Use of multiple frequencies is also investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Asynchronous Replication, Mono-Allelic Expression, and Long Range Cis-Effects of ASAR6 (2013)

Mammalian chromosomes initiate DNA replication at multiple sites along their length during each S phase following a temporal replication program. The majority of genes on homologous chromosomes replicate synchronously. However, mono-allelically expressed genes such as imprinted genes, allelically excluded genes, and genes on female X chromosomes replicate asynchronously. We have identified a cis-acting locus on human chromosome 6 that controls this replication-timing program. This locus encodes a large intergenic non-coding RNA gene named Asynchronous replication and Autosomal RNA on chromosome 6, or ASAR6. Disruption of ASAR6 results in delayed replication, delayed mitotic chromosome condensation, and activation of the previously silent alleles of mono-allelic genes on chromosome 6. The ASAR6 gene resides within an ∼1.2 megabase domain of asynchronously replicating DNA that is coordinated with other random asynchronously replicating loci along chromosome 6. In contrast to other nearby mono-allelic genes, ASAR6 RNA is expressed from the later-replicating allele. ASAR6 RNA is synthesized by RNA Polymerase II, is not polyadenlyated, is restricted to the nucleus, and is subject to random mono-allelic expression. Disruption of ASAR6 leads to the formation of bridged chromosomes, micronuclei, and structural instability of chromosome 6. Finally, ectopic integration of cloned genomic DNA containing ASAR6 causes delayed replication of entire mouse chromosomes.
Using visual motifs to classify encrypted traffic (2006)

In an effort to make robust traffic classification more accessible to human operators, we present visualization techniques for network traffic. Our techniques are based solely on network information that remains intact after application-layer encryption, and so offer a way to visualize traffic "in the dark". Our visualizations clearly illustrate the differences between common application protocols, both in their transient (i.e., time-dependent)and steady-state behavior. We show how these visualizations can be used to assist a human operator to recognize application protocols in unidentified traffic and to verify the results of an automated classifier via visual inspection. In particular, our preliminary results show that we can visually scan almost 45,000 connections in less than one hour and correctly identify known application behaviors. Moreover, using visualizations together with an automated comparison technique based on Dynamic Time Warping of the motifs, we can rapidly develop accurate recognizers for new or previously unknown applications.
Concussions: What a neurosurgeon should know about current scientific evidence and management strategies (2012)

Neurosurgeons should have a fundamental knowledge of the scientific evidence that has developed regarding concussions and be prepared to guide patients with treatment plans.
A simple ICI pre-suppression Method for OFDM Systems (2008)

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, channel variations within an OFDM symbol destroy orthogonality among subcarriers, resulting in inter-carrier interference (ICI), and performance of onetap equalizer is degraded as maximum Doppler frequency increases. In this paper, we propose a simple ICI presuppression method to mitigate the effect of channel variations. The proposed method consists of three steps; average channel impulse response (CIR) estimation, timevarying CIR estimation by Gaussian interpolation, and time-domain suppression. Since the proposed method utilizes CIR estimation scheme, we can also obtain noise reduction effect by zero-padding such as in traditional discrete Fourier transform (DFT)-based channel estimation. Simulation results show that the proposed method can sufficiently reduce the ICI-induced performance degradation of the frequency-domain one-tap equalizer.
A practical method for position-dependent Compton-scatter correction in single photon emission CT (1991)

A new method is proposed to subtract the count of scattered photons from that acquired with a photopeak window at each pixel in each planar image of single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The subtraction is carried out using two sets of data: one set is acquired with a main window centered at photopeak energy and the other is acquired with two subwindows on both sides of the main window. The scattered photons included in the main window are estimated from the counts acquired with the subwindows and then they are subtracted from the count acquired with the main windows. Since the subtraction is performed at each pixel in each planar image, the proposed method has the potential to be more precise than conventional methods. For three different activity distributions in cylinder phantoms, simulation tests gave good agreement between the activity distributions reconstructed from unscattered photons and those from the corrected data.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Effect of Color Space Selection on Detectability and\n Discriminability of Colored Objects (2017)

In this paper, we investigate the effect of color space selection on\ndetectability and discriminability of colored objects under various conditions.\n20 color spaces from the literature are evaluated on a large dataset of\nsimulated and real images. We measure the suitability of color spaces from two\ndifferent perspectives: detectability and discriminability of various color\ngroups. Through experimental evaluation, we found that there is no single\noptimal color space suitable for all color groups. The color spaces have\ndifferent levels of sensitivity to different color groups and they are useful\ndepending on the color of the sought object. Overall, the best results were\nachieved in both simulated and real images using color spaces C1C2C3, UVW and\nXYZ. In addition, using a simulated environment, we show a practical\napplication of color space selection in the context of top-down control in\nactive visual search. The results indicate that on average color space C1C2C3\nfollowed by HSI and XYZ achieve the best time in searching for objects of\nvarious colors. Here, the right choice of color space can improve time of\nsearch on average by 20%. As part of our contribution, we also introduce a\nlarge dataset of simulated 3D objects\n
Complete Genome Sequence of Paenibacillus polymyxa Strain Sb3-1, a Soilborne Bacterium with Antagonistic Activity toward Plant Pathogens (2015)

The genome of Paenibacillus polymyxa Sb3-1, a strain that shows antagonistic activities against pathogenic fungi and bacteria, consists of one 5.6-Mb circular chromosome and two plasmids of 223 kb and 8 kb. The genome reveals several genes that potentially contribute to its antagonistic and plant growth promotion activity.
Dynamic feature extraction of coronary artery motion using DSA image sequences (1998)

This paper aims to define and describe features of the motion of coronary arteries in two and three dimensions, presented as geometrical parameters that identify motion patterns. The main left coronary artery centerlines, obtained from digital subtraction angiography (DSA) image sequences, are first reconstructed. Thereafter, global and local motion features are evaluated along the sequence. The global attributes are centerline and point trajectory lengths, displacement amplitude, and virtual reference point, while local attributes are displacement direction, perpendicular/radial components, rotation direction, and curvature and torsion. These kinetic features allow us to obtain a detailed quantitative description of the displacements of arteries' centerlines, as well as associated epicardium deformations. Our modeling of local attributes as quasi-homogeneous on a segment analysis, enables us to propose a novel numeric to symbolic image transformation, which provides the required facts for knowledge-based motion interpretation. Experimental results using real data are consistent with cardiac dynamic behavior.
THE KINEMATICS OF MANIPULATORS UNDER COMPUTER CONTROL (1968)

Abstract : The kinematics of manipulators is studied. A model is presented which allows for the systematic description of new and existing manipulators. Six degree-of-freedom manipulators are studied. Several solutions to the problem of finding the manipulator configuration leading to a specified position and orientation are presented. Numerical as well as explicit solutions are given. The problem of positioning a multilink digital arm is also discussed. Given the solution to the position problem, a set of heuristics is developed for moving a six degree-of-freedom manipulator from an initial position to a final position through a space containing obstacles. This results in a computer program shown to be able to direct a manipulator around obstacles. (Author)
Hierarchical power network synthesis for multiple power domain designs (2012)

In this paper, we propose a methodology that synthesize and optimize the power network for design with multiple power domains. An architecture is presented to represent the power network with presence of sleep transistors. The power network is numerically modeled to RC network using Modified Nodal Analysis and solved using Conjugate Gradient Method. Regarding to IR drop effect mitigation, an optimization technique is proposed based on Simulated Annealing that minimize total power stripe area while satisfying a given IR drop constraint. In consideration of multiple power domains, the given power domains are represented in tree-like structure and our algorithm is recursively applied to synthesize and optimize the power network for each power domain in a hierarchical fashion. The proposed methodology is integrated to commercial design tool and experimented on real design case for evaluation. To ensure practical aspect of our approach, evaluation is performed on latest digital design commercial tool. Design data and parameters are extracted using Open Access. The result of our algorithm is fed back to latest commercial tool for final IR and EM analysis. Our algorithm is tested on both industrial testcase and academic MCNC benchmark. Comparing to conventional P/G network, using our power network synthesis can achieve 31%-35% reduction in total P/G area while satisfying maximum 10% IR-drop constraint.
Efficient Third-Order Dependency Parsers (2010)

We present algorithms for higher-order dependency parsing that are “third-order” in the sense that they can evaluate substructures containing three dependencies, and “efficient ” in the sense that they require only O(n4) time. Importantly, our new parsers can utilize both sibling-style and grandchild-style interactions. We evaluate our parsers on the Penn Treebank and Prague Dependency Treebank, achieving unlabeled attachment scores of
INFLUENCE OF DONOR AGE ON BOVINE PANCREATIC ISLET ISOLATION1 (2000)

These results indicate that pancreatic islet isolation is more efficient from juvenile bovine than from adult. Calf pancreas is a good and convenient source of tissue for massive islet isolation for experimental studies.
RXR Agonists Activate PPARα-Inducible Genes, Lower Triglycerides, and Raise HDL Levels In Vivo (1998)

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) and retinoid X receptors (RXRs) are members of the intracellular receptor superfamily. PPARs bind to peroxisome proliferator-response elements (PPREs) as heterodimers with RXR and as such activate gene transcription in response to activators. Fibrates like gemfibrozil are well-known PPARalpha activators and are used in the treatment of hyperlipidemia. We show that the RXR ligand LGD1069 (Targretin), like gemfibrozil, can activate the PPARalpha/RXR signal-transduction pathway, including transactivation of the bifunctional enzyme or acyl-CoA oxidase response elements in a cotransfection assay. The activation also occurs in vivo, whereby in rats treated with LGD1069 or gemfibrozil, bifunctional enzyme and acyl-CoA oxidase RNA are induced and the combination of LGD1069 and gemfibrozil leads to a greater induction. Importantly, in hypertriglyceridemic db/db mice treated with RXR or PPARalpha agonists, triglyceride levels are lowered, and the combination again has significantly greater efficacy. RXR agonists also raise HDL cholesterol levels without changing apoA-I RNA expression. This observation suggests the use of RXR-selective agonists, "rexinoids," either alone or in combination with a fibrate as a new therapeutic approach to treating patients with high triglyceride and low HDL cholesterol levels.
The Ca2+-dependent actin filament-severing activity of 74-kDa protein (adseverin) resides in its NH2-terminal half (1991)

Calcium sensitive actin severing protein, adseverin, with Mr 74,000, was cleaved into two fragments of Mr 42,000 and Mr 39,000 by V8 protease and trypsin, and both fragments were purified by high performance (pressure) liquid chromatography ion-exchange column chromatography. To understand how adseverin can sever actin filaments, we identified the actin-binding domains. The NH2 termini of native adseverin and the Mr 42,000 fragment were confirmed to be blocked by amino acid sequencing. Twelve amino acids of the Mr 39,000 fragment were sequenced from the NH2 terminus; the sequence of this part had a homology to the hinge region between segments 3 and 4 of gelsolin and villin. Thus, the Mr 42,000 fragment is the NH2-terminal half (N42), and the Mr 39,000 fragment is the COOH-terminal half (C39). Each fragment was examined for actin-severing, -nucleating, -capping, and phospholipid binding activities with and without calcium. N42 contained a calcium-dependent actin-severing activity regulated by phospholipid. C39 bound to G-actin in a calcium-dependent manner, but had no severing activity. The sequence homology and similar functional domain structure suggest a common structural basis for the calcium- and phospholipid-regulated actin-severing properties shared by adseverin, gelsolin, and villin.
Social Talent Scouting: A New Opportunity for the Identification of Football Players? (2016)

Abstract This paper investigates the diffusion of digital technologies within the football talent scouting process. A qualitative exploration based on open discussions and unstructured interviews with professionals involved in the football system (coaches, scouts, players’ agents, etc.) provides insights about how new technologies are used for recruiting athletes. The findings, which are mainly in the context of Italian football, indicate a cultural and generational gap in the use of new digital tools that creates a mismatch between young promising athletes (demand side) and “senior” team professionals (supply side).
Myosin Heavy Chain Expression and Plasticity: Role of Myoblast Diversity (2001)

Muscle fibers exhibit a limited capacity to alter their myosin heavy chain expression in response to various stimuli. Recent results pertinent to this observation are discussed, and a hypothetical scheme is presented whereby the contribution of myonuclei from distinct populations of myogenic precursors may account for this limited adaptive range.
Protective Effects of<i>N</i>-Acetylcysteine and β -Glucan Pretreatment on Oxidative Stress in Cecal Ligation and Puncture Model of Sepsis (2008)

This study was designed to compare the effect of pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and beta -glucan (beta GLU) on inflammatory response in a rat model of sepsis. The study was performed in the animal laboratory of the Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam University, School of Medicine. Forty rats were randomized into four groups (control, sham, NAC, and beta GLU). Control and Sham groups received saline or NAC (200 mg/kg, po) in the NAC group and beta GLU (50 mg/kg, po) in the betaGLU group via intragastric gavage once a day for 10 days and 30 min prior to surgery. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats. In the NAC, beta GLU, and control groups, a laparotomy was performed with the CLP procedure. In the sham group, laparotomy was performed and cecum was manipulated but not ligated or perforated. TNF-alpha and IL-6 levels were significantly elevated in the control group and decreased in the NAC and beta GLU groups. IL-10 levels were significantly increased in the beta GLU group (p < .05). Superoxide dismutase and catalase levels in the liver tissue were significantly increased in the NAC and beta GLU groups, whereas superoxide dismutase levels were higher in the beta GLU pretreatment group than the NAC pretreatment group (p < 0.05). Malondialdehyde levels in the liver tissue were significantly elevated in the control group and decreased in the NAC and beta GLU groups (p < .05). Prophylactic administration of NAC or beta GLU similarly ameliorated sepsis syndrome by reduction of the proinflammatory cytokines and increase of the anti-inflammatory cytokine levels and accession of cellular antioxidants, which protect cells from oxidative stress, thereby recruiting inflammatory cells into tissue.
Natural selection drives recurrent formation of activating killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor and Ly49 from inhibitory homologues (2005)

Expression of killer cell Ig-like receptors (KIRs) diversifies human natural killer cell populations and T cell subpopulations. Whereas the major histocompatibility complex class I binding functions of inhibitory KIR are known, specificities for the activating receptors have resisted analysis. To understand better activating KIR and their relationship to inhibitory KIR, we took the approach of reconstructing their natural history and that of Ly49, the analogous system in rodents. A general principle is that inhibitory receptors are ancestral, the activating receptors having evolved from them by mutation. This evolutionary process of functional switch occurs independently in different species to yield activating KIR and Ly49 genes with similar signaling domains. Selecting such convergent evolution were the signaling adaptors, which are older and more conserved than any KIR or Ly49. After functional shift, further activating receptors form through recombination and gene duplication. Activating receptors are short lived and evolved recurrently, showing they are subject to conflicting selections, consistent with activating KIR's association with resistance to infection, reproductive success, and susceptibility to autoimmunity. Our analysis suggests a two-stage model in which activating KIR or Ly49 are initially subject to positive selection that rapidly increases their frequency, followed by negative selection that decreases their frequency and leads eventually to loss.