gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Metallic Impurities on Oxidation Reaction of Ion Exchange Resin, (I) (1986)

Dry oxidation of spent ion exchange resin is one of the most effective methods to reduce radioactive waste volume and also to make the final waste form more stable. Thermo-gravimetric measurements were performed using cation exchange resins with or without Fe in either an ionized or unionized form to clarify the effect of metallic impurities on the resin oxidation. The presence of an ionized Fe resulted in a considerable increase in the reaction rate constant, indicating that the Fe functioned as a catalyst. On the other hand, the unionized Fe showed no catalytic activity. Measurement of EPMA revealed that the ionized Fe was distributed uniformly throughout the resin particles, while the unionized one was distributed only on the surface of the resin particle. Catalytic activity increased with ionized Fe concentration up to 0.5 mmol-Fe/g-dry resin, above which the activity tended to decrease. The X-ray diffraction study attributed this to Fe coagulation in the resin particle. Kinetic models for solid-gas reactions were also applied to the resin oxidation to evaluate catalytic activity quantitatively.
C-FLAT: Control-FLow ATtestation for Embedded Systems Software (2016)

Remote attestation is a crucial security service particularly relevant to increasingly popular IoT (and other embedded) devices. It allows a trusted party (verifier) to learn the state of a remote, and potentially malware-infected, device (prover). Most existing approaches are static in nature and only check whether benign software is initially loaded on the prover. However, they are vulnerable to run-time attacks that hijack the application's control or data flow, e.g., via return-oriented programming or data-oriented exploits. As a concrete step towards more comprehensive run-time remote attestation, we present the design and implementation of Control- FLow ATtestation (C-FLAT) that enables remote attestation of an application's control-flow path, without requiring the source code. We describe a full prototype implementation of C-FLAT on Raspberry Pi using its ARM TrustZone hardware security extensions. We evaluate C-FLAT's performance using a real-world embedded (cyber-physical) application, and demonstrate its efficacy against control-flow hijacking attacks.
A nutrient drink test to assess maximum tolerated volume and postprandial symptoms: effects of gender, body mass index and age in health (2002)

To assess the effects of age, gender and body mass index on the maximum tolerated volume of a nutrient drink and postprandial symptoms in health. Healthy adolescents (15 M, 15 F, aged 13-17 years) and adults (15 M, 25 F, aged 19-51 years) ingested Ensure (1 kcal mL-1) at a rate of 30 mL min-1. The maximum tolerated volume was recorded. Thirty minutes later, bloating, fullness, nausea and pain were rated using visual analogue scales. The Mann-Whitney test was used for comparisons between groups using body mass index and maximum tolerated volume as covariates. Age-related differences in maximum tolerated volume were noted between adolescents and adults, and were observed in both genders. Adults had higher scores for bloating and pain, and lower scores for fullness. Gender-related differences in maximum tolerated volume were noted in the group as a whole, and separately for adolescents and adults. Females had higher scores for nausea and pain. Gender and age-related differences in the maximum tolerated volume of a nutrient drink and postprandial symptoms should be considered in future studies of upper gastrointestinal symptoms in disease. Body mass index does not appear to influence maximum tolerated volume beyond its association with age and gender.
Optimal Control of Residential Energy Storage Under Price Fluctuations (2011)

An increasing number of retail energy markets exhibit price fluctuations and provide home users the oppor- tunity to buy energy at lower than average prices. However, such cost savings are hard to realize in practice because they require human users to observe the price fluctuations and shi ft their electricity demand to low price periods. We propose to temporarily store energy of low price periods in a home battery and use it later to satisfy user demand when energy prices are high. This enables home users to save on their electricity bill by exploiting price variability without changing their consumption habits. We formulate the problem of minimizing the cost of energy storage purchases subject to both user demands and prices as a Markov Decision Process and show that the optimal policy has a threshold structure. We also use a numerical example to show that this policy can lead to significant cost savings, an d we offer various directions for future research. Index Terms—Battery storage, dynamic pricing, dynamic pro- gramming, energy storage, threshold policy.
Pre-mixing serum samples with assay buffer is a prerequisite for reproducible anti-Mullerian hormone measurement using the Beckman Coulter Gen II assay (2014)

No funding was obtained for this study. There are no conflicts of interest to declare.
Concentration in South African Manufacturing Industry: Measuring Both Blades of the Marshallian Scissors (1996)

The release of a new set of manufacturing data by the Central Statistical Services allows for a number of concentration measures to be estimated for the first time. These estimates allow us to sketch the most complete picture to date about concentration levels and trends in South African manufacturing industry. However, this paper goes further than most previous studies insofar as it also looks at demand-side or buyer concentration. This is an important (but often ignored) element that might impact on the competitive process.
HINGED ELBOW EXTERNAL FIXATION FOR SEVERE ELBOW CONTRACTURE (2005)

Background: When it was first introduced, it was hoped that hinged external fixation with a built-in gear mechanism for applying passive motion and static progressive stretch by turning a dial would improve the arc of ulnohumeral motion, by gradually stretching contracted muscles, after open release of a severe elbow contracture. Methods: Forty-two patients were evaluated at an average of thirty-nine months after operative release of a severe posttraumatic elbow contracture (defined as ≤40° of motion). Twenty-three patients had been treated, during the early part of the study, with a hinged external fixator that incorporated a worm gear to apply static progressive stretch postoperatively. These patients were compared with nineteen patients who had been treated without hinged external fixation during the later part of the study, when the hinge was used less frequently. The operative techniques did not otherwise change during the study period. Demographic and injury characteristics as well as associated problems were comparable between the two groups. Results: The average gain in the range of motion after the index procedure was 89° in the patients treated with a hinge and 78° in those treated without a hinge, an insignificant difference with the numbers available (p = 0.175). Complications associated with use of the hinge included five pin-track infections, one case of pin-track osteomyelitis, one ulnar fracture through a pin site, two broken Schanz screws, and two cases of irritation of the ulnar nerve. Conclusions: Open release of a severe elbow contracture results in a substantial gain in motion, with or without hinged elbow fixation. The slightly greater improvement in motion provided by the hinge does not justify the associated increase in risk, expense, and complications. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level III. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Photoangioplasty for Human Peripheral Atherosclerosis (2000)

Background —In photoangioplasty, light activation of a photosensitive drug offers the potential for treatment of long segments of vascular disease. This is a brief description of a study designed to evaluate the safety and tolerability of a new photosensitizer, Antrin (motexafin lutetium), in the endovascular treatment of atherosclerosis. Methods and Results —An open-label, single-dose, escalating drug- and light-dose study was performed in patients with atherosclerotic peripheral arterial insufficiency. Clinical evaluation, serial quantitative angiography, and intravascular ultrasonography were performed. Therapy was well tolerated, and only minor side effects were observed. Treatment produced no deleterious vascular effects. Although this study was not designed to examine clinical efficacy, several secondary end points suggested a favorable therapeutic effect. Conclusions —This phase I study demonstrates that photoangioplasty with motexafin lutetium is well tolerated and safe. Preliminary efficacy data suggest a future role for the treatment of flow-limiting atherosclerosis.
Bradyzoite Development in <i>Toxoplasma gondii</i> and the hsp70 Stress Response (1998)

Toxoplasma gondii is a well-described ubiquitous Apicomplexan protozoan parasite that is an important opportunistic pathogen. The factors affecting the transition of tachyzoites to the latent bradyzoite stage remain to be defined. The induction of bradyzoite development in vitro has been linked to temperature, pH, mitochondrial inhibitors, sodium arsenite, and many of the other stressors associated with heat shock protein (hsp) induction. There is evidence for other organisms that hsps are developmentally regulated. Therefore, we examined whether hsp induction is an early event in bradyzoite differentiation. Extracellular and intracellular T. gondii cells, after exposure to pH 8.1 or 7.1, were analyzed for the expression of inducible hsp70 by using monoclonal antibody C92F3A-5 (specific to hsp70). Western blotting demonstrated that a 72-kDa protein reactive with C92F3A-5 (hsp70), which we believe is part of the hsp70 family, is induced during bradyzoite development. By immunofluorescence and immunoelectron microscopy, we were able to demonstrate that hsp70 staining colocalized to T. gondii expressing bradyzoite-specific antigens and the presence of hsp70 in bradyzoites isolated from mouse brain. Quercetin, a bioflavonoid which inhibits the synthesis of hsp90, hsp70, and hsp27, suppresses the induction of bradyzoite development in vitro. Reverse transcription-PCR with conserved hsp70 primers demonstrated an increase in hsp70 in T. gondii on exposure to conditions which induce bradyzoite formation. A T. gondii hsp70 was subsequently cloned and sequenced by using this amplified fragment. We believe our evidence suggests that hsps are important in the process of bradyzoite differentiation.
Security Operations Center: Building, Operating, and Maintaining your SOC (2015)

Security Operations Center Building, Operating, and Maintaining Your SOC The complete, practical guide to planning, building, and operating an effective Security Operations Center (SOC) Security Operations Center is the complete guide to building, operating, and managing Security Operations Centers in any environment. Drawing on experience with hundreds of customers ranging from Fortune 500 enterprises to large military organizations, three leading experts thoroughly review each SOC model, including virtual SOCs. Youll learn how to select the right strategic option for your organization, and then plan and execute the strategy youve chosen. Security Operations Center walks you through every phase required to establish and run an effective SOC, including all significant people, process, and technology capabilities. The authors assess SOC technologies, strategy, infrastructure, governance, planning, implementation, and more. They take a holistic approach considering various commercial and open-source tools found in modern SOCs. This best-practice guide is written for anybody interested in learning how to develop, manage, or improve a SOC. A background in network security, management, and operations will be helpful but is not required. It is also an indispensable resource for anyone preparing for the Cisco SCYBER exam. Review high-level issues, such as vulnerability and risk management, threat intelligence, digital investigation, and data collection/analysis Understand the technical components of a modern SOC Assess the current state of your SOC and identify areas of improvement Plan SOC strategy, mission, functions, and services Design and build out SOC infrastructure, from facilities and networks to systems, storage, and physical security Collect and successfully analyze security data Establish an effective vulnerability management practice Organize incident response teams and measure their performance Define an optimal governance and staffing model Develop a practical SOC handbook that people can actually use Prepare SOC to go live, with comprehensive transition plans React quickly and collaboratively to security incidents Implement best practice security operations, including continuous enhancement and improvement
CMOS APS crosstalk characterization via a unique submicron scanning system (2003)

This work introduces a novel way for CMOS APS crosstalk (CTK) determination and prediction based on our unique Submicron Scanning System (SSS) measurements. It enables the crosstalk magnitude determination, the tracking of its main causes, and can be used as a predictive tool for design optimization. A pronounced crosstalk asymmetry within the array which was revealed by the measurements is analyzed and modeled. The result points out that CMOS APS crosstalk is mostly affected by the specific pixel architecture and the pixels arrangement within the array.
Transcription could be the key to the selection advantage of mitochondrial deletion mutants in aging (2014)

The mitochondrial theory of aging is widely popular but confronted by several apparent inconsistencies. On the one hand, mitochondrial energy production is of central importance to the health and proper functioning of cells, and single-cell studies have shown that mtDNA deletion mutants accumulate in a clonal fashion in various mammalian species, displacing the wild-type mtDNAs. On the other hand, no explanation exists yet for the clonal expansion of mtDNA mutants that is compatible with experimental observations. We present here a new idea based on the distinctive connection between transcription and replication of metazoan mtDNA. Bioinformatic analysis of mtDNA deletion spectra strongly supports the predictions of this hypothesis and identifies specific candidates for proteins involved in transcriptional control of mtDNA replication. Computer simulations show the mechanism to be compatible with the available data from short- and long-lived mammalian species.
The Pharmacological Properties of Salvia Essential Oils (2013)

Salvia essential oils isolated by hydrodistillation from the plant’s commercial dried aerial parts(Fig.1)，have powerful biological activity and pharmacological properties. The oils contain more than 100 different bioactive compounds, which mainly include Monoterpene hydrocarbons, Oxygenated monoterpenes, Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, Diterpenes, Not iso-prenoid compounds and Oxygenated sesquiterpenes. It has a number of pharmacological effects including antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, improvement of cognitive performance and mood, reducing work-related stress, anti-mutagenic, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, choleretic activities and so on. The present review focuses on the pharmacological activities of Salvia essential oils.
Termite Attack on Oil Palm Grown on Peat Soil: Identification of Pest Species and Factors Contributing to the Problem (2008)

Oil palm grown on peat soil has been reported to be severely attacked by subterranean termites, and this has been thought to be due to the harbouring of the termites in abundant timber residues left behind after the clearing of logged-over peat swamp forests for oil palm cultivation. In this study, oil palm trees and plant residues in plantations established on peat and mineral soils were examined for the presence of termites. The primary termite species capable of killing oil palm trees was Coptotermes curvignathus (Rhinotermitidae). Immature palms were killed as a result of feeding damage to the apical meristem at the base of the spear, while mature palms were killed as a result of damage to the trunk, in which the termite sometimes nested. C. curvignathus was rarely encountered in timber residues or frond heaps on the plantation floor, suggesting that removal of timber residues would not significantly reduce termite attack on oil palm on peat soils. Tivo other species of Coptotermesfound in oil palm trees grown on peat soils were able to form small nests in the trunks of mature palms but did not cause death. Together with Schedorhinotermes spp., they primarily infested plant and wood residues. The results also showed that there was a change in the composition of termite species across different soil types. Termitids were dominant in mineral soil sites, while Rhinotermitids dominated deep peat sites. A high population of C. curvignathus in the original peat swamp habitat is, therefore, likely to be a major factor contributing to the high incidence oftennite attack on oil palm grown on peat soils. Keywords: Coptotermes curvignathus, Isoptera, Rhinotermitidae, termites, peat soil, mineral soil, wood residues, Malaysia.
Dexamethasone inhibits ischemia-induced transient reduction of neurotrophin-3 mRNA in rat hippocampal neurons (1998)

Dexamethasone (DEX) increases the expression of neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) in normal rat hippocampal neurons, whereas transient forebrain ischemia reduces the NT-3 mRNA level. The effect of DEX on the expression of NT-3 mRNA in injured brain cells after ischemia has not been investigated, however. Using in situ hybridization and ribonuclease protection assay methods, we studied NT-3 mRNA expression in rats with and without DEX administration after transient forebrain ischemia. Without DEX treatment, NT-3 mRNA was down-regulated in the hippocampal neurons at 2, 4, 12 h and returned to basal levels 24 h following ischemia. With DEX treatment, however, NT-3 mRNA showed no change at 2, 4 and 12 h and increased 24 h after ischemia. The results indicate that DEX inhibits ischemia-induced NT-3 mRNA down-regulation during the first 12 h and up-regulates NT-3 mRNA 24 h after ischemia. DEX administration might be effective in influencing some of the pathophysiological effects of ischemia in the hippocampus.
Inhibition of Tumor Angiogenesis<sup>a</sup> (1994)

The exponential growth of solid tumors depends upon induction of new vessel growth, a process mediated by diffusable angiogenic factors produced by tumor cells. By inhibiting angiogenesis, it is now possible to modulate tumor growth and metastasis in laboratory animals. The first described inhibitor of angiogenesis was a protein derived from cartilage. Other important classes of antiangiogenic agents include angiostatic steroids combined with heparin or heparin derivatives, and the synthetic derivatives of fumigallin. As the mechanisms of action of these and other angiostatic agents are being elucidated, it is becoming apparent that many modulators of collagen metabolism inhibit angiogenesis and may offer clinically useful anticancer treatments. Minocycline and other tetracycline derivatives with anticollagenase properties have been shown to be potent inhibitors of angiogenesis. These agents, when administered with other standard cancer therapies, help prolong survival in laboratory animals with solid tumors. Further studies of these biologic response modifiers of tumor progression are under way in the hope that they will offer effective new treatments for cancer in humans.
Prostaglandin D2, a cerebral sleep-inducing substance in rats. (1983)

We continuously monitored the circadian sleep patterns of unrestrained rats for more than 96 hr and infused various prostaglandins into their third ventricles for 10 hr to study the effects on inducing sleep. Prostaglandin D2 at 6 fmol/min had no effect on either slow wave sleep or paradoxical sleep. However, prostaglandin D2 at as little as 60 fmol/min caused a significant amount of excess slow wave sleep as compared with the control level during saline infusion. Paradoxical sleep was induced by prostaglandin D2 at doses greater than 600 fmol/min. Prostaglandin D2 (600 fmol/min) increased slow wave sleep by 33% and paradoxical sleep by 56%. Although prostaglandin F2 alpha (600 fmol/min) increased the amount of slow wave sleep, its activity was less than that of the same amount of prostaglandin D2. Prostaglandin E2 (600 fmol/min) had no effect on increasing the amounts of both slow wave sleep and paradoxical sleep. During the infusion of prostaglandin D2, rats were easily aroused by clap sound stimulation and their sleeping and waking postures remained normal. Further, their sleep was episodic, as observed in the physiological sleep of rats.
Successful Culture In Vitro of Swine Embryos to the Blastocyst Stage2 (1977)

One hundred and twenty-three porcine embryos between the two-cell and morula stage of development were collected from 24 gilts. Embryos were placed randomly into culture among three media and two gaseous atmospheres and development was recorded at 24-hr intervals for the duration of culture. The number of cells present at the cessation of culture was determined following aceto-orcein staining. Development of embryos in vitro was measured by a cleavage index based on the number of cells present at the cessation of culture. Significant differences were found among the culture media and gaseous atmospheres with a significant (P<.02) media × gaseous atmosphere interaction. Embryos in Whitten's medium (WM) with 1 mg/ml bovine serum albumin (BSA), WM with 15 mg/ml (BSA) or Modified Ham's F-10 (MHF-10) all cultured under a 5% C02 in air atmosphere had cleavage indices of .69, 1.00 and .53, respectively. Embryos in WM with 1 mg/ml BSA, WM with 15 mg/ml BSA, or MHF-10 all cultured under a reduced gaseous atmosphere of 90% N2, 5% CO2 and 5% O2, had cleavage indices of 1.43, 1.93 and .71, respectively. The stages of development at the time of initiation of culture influenced (P<.001) the degree to which the embryos ultimately developed when development was measured by a cleavage index. Five-to seven-cell (2/23), eight to 12-cell (6/28), andmorulae (19/20) developed into blastocysts with one to two-cell and three to four-cell embryos failing to develop past the morula stage.