gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Three-Dimensional Ultrasound Imaging in Air using a 2D Array on a Fixed Platform (2007)

Acoustic imaging has been used in a variety of applications, but its use in air has been limited due to the slow propagation of sound and high attenuation. We address the problem of ultrasound imaging of a scene in air with a 2D array under the constraint of a fixed platform. The presented system uses a single transmit pulse combined with a Capon beamformer at the receiving array under a near-field model to obtain three-dimensional images of a scene. Results from experiments conducted in a laboratory demonstrate that it is possible to detect position and edge information from which an object can be reconstructed.
Radiation Damage in a Rare‐Earth Silicate With the Apatite Structure (1982)

The effects of radiation on the rare‐earth silicate, Ca 2 Nd 8 (SiO 4 ) 6 O 2 , with the apatite structure was investigated using 244 Cm doping and alpha, gamma, and electron irradiations. Amorphization of the initially crystalline material was observed to occur only in the Cm‐doped material. Alpha irradiation produced measurable lattice expansions, with no tendency toward amorphization. The gamma and electron irradiations produced no measurable effects. The results indicate that the thermal spikes produced by the recoil nuclei emitted in alpha decay are responsible for the observed amorphization; the alpha particles produce isolated defects which contribute little, if at all, to the amorphization process; and ionizing radiation has no measurable effect on this structure.
<I>α-Difluoromethylornithine Increases the Anti-tumor Effect of cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum in G-XII Rat Glioma (1995)

The in vivo effects of the single or combined administration of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO), an inhibitor of polyamine synthesis, and cis-diamminedichloroplatinum (cisplatin) on the growth of G-XII glioma cells inoculated subcutaneously in rats were tested. Treatment with DFMO or cisplatin significantly decreased the bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) labeling index of tumor tissues. Combined treatment with DFMO and cisplatin achieved a further significant decrease in the BrdU labeling index. All treatments significantly reduced the tissue levels of N1-acetylspermidine and putrescine, and the ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity, but little affected the tissue levels of spermidine and spermine, and the activity of spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase. The reduction of ODC activity by cisplatin treatment may be associated with the anti-tumor effect.
Matrix Profile I: All Pairs Similarity Joins for Time Series: A Unifying View That Includes Motifs, Discords and Shapelets (2016)

The all-pairs-similarity-search (or similarity join) problem has been extensively studied for text and a handful of other datatypes. However, surprisingly little progress has been made on similarity joins for time series subsequences. The lack of progress probably stems from the daunting nature of the problem. For even modest sized datasets the obvious nested-loop algorithm can take months, and the typical speed-up techniques in this domain (i.e., indexing, lower-bounding, triangular-inequality pruning and early abandoning) at best produce one or two orders of magnitude speedup. In this work we introduce a novel scalable algorithm for time series subsequence all-pairs-similarity-search. For exceptionally large datasets, the algorithm can be trivially cast as an anytime algorithm and produce high-quality approximate solutions in reasonable time. The exact similarity join algorithm computes the answer to the time series motif and time series discord problem as a side-effect, and our algorithm incidentally provides the fastest known algorithm for both these extensively-studied problems. We demonstrate the utility of our ideas for two time series data mining problems, including motif discovery and novelty discovery.
Clinical profile and visual outcome of ocular injuries in a rural area of western India (2013)

Ocular trauma is a major cause of visual impairment and morbidity worldwide.
Micromachined unimorphs and bimorphs (2002)

A frequency doubled copper vapour laser (CVL) operating at an ultraviolet wavelength of 271 nm has been used to cut miniature cantilevers in laminated composites incorporating at least one layer of the ferroelectric polymer polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF). Devices have been fabricated from PVDF with thickness values in the range 9 /spl mu/m to 38 /spl mu/m. Laser vibrometer measurements show that the fundamental resonance frequencies of these devices correspond almost exactly with values obtained from mechanical beam theory. Ultrasonic transducers consisting of bimorph and unimorph arrays are currently being designed with the aid of a finite element model, which is not discussed.
The Organosilicon Polymers (1945)

RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNewsNEXTThe Organosilicon PolymersSince ancient times silicates have been used to produce ceramics and building materials, but research only recently glimpsed the vast possibilities during the 19th century led to present-day research in organization polymers which promise very wide applicationEUGENE G. ROCHOWView Author Information Research Laboratory, General Electric Co., Schenectady, N. Y.Cite this: Chem. Eng. News 1945, 23, 7, 612–616Publication Date (Print):April 10, 1945Publication History Published online4 November 2010Published inissue 10 April 1945https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/cen-v023n007.p612https://doi.org/10.1021/cen-v023n007.p612newsACS PublicationsCopyright © 1945 American Chemical SocietyArticle Views11Altmetric-Citations4LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options SUBJECTS:Silicon Get e-Alerts
Effects of Klimadynon® (Cimicifuga racemosa BNO 1055 extract) and17β-estradiol Tratment on Uterus of Maternal Rats and their Offspring. (Histological and Morphological Studies) (2014)

This work aimed to study the effects of klimadynon® and 17β-estradiol administration on maternal rats and their postnatal day 21 young females in order to compare hormonal stimulation from each substance. Klimadynon® is a rhizome dry extract of Cimicifuga racemosa (CR BNO 1055 extract), the common name of this plant is black cohosh. The present study was carried out on eighteen pregnant rats weighing 170-250 gm and aged 16 weeks. The pregnant rats were arranged into three groups: control group, klimadynon group and 17β-estradiol. The klimadynon group was given daily oral dose of 33mg/rat/day,17β-estradiol group was given daily oral dose of 12.5 µg/rat/day, for an experimental period from 7 day of gestation and during lactation to postnatal day 21. The uteri of control and the two treatment groups of both mothers and their postnatal day 21 young were processed for histological examination, as well as morphometric analysis. The uterus sections of klimadynon group of mothers and their offspring showed no histological or morphometric changes. More severe lesions were apparent in uterus sections of rats treated with 17β-estradiol in the form of increase of uterine layers thickness, extremely hypertrophy and hyperplasia of luminal epithelium cells, cellular anomalies, squamous metaplasia, cystic dilatation of endometrial glands, increase the thickness of uterine layers, increase in the number of endometrial glands and formation of papillary Endometrioid adenocarcinoma.
Flue gas mercury control by means of corona discharge (1999)

More than 39 states currently have health advisories concerning the consumption of fish caught in lakes and rivers because of elevated levels of mercury. Because of the enormous volume of coal that they burn, power plants represent a major source of mercury emissions. The work reported here describes the testing of a novel corona discharge flue gas reactor, designed to oxidize mercury vapor at the low concentrations found in coal-fired power plant flue gas. The oxidation of elementary mercury vapor to the more soluble mercuric oxide allows it to be captured in an existing downstream wet scrubber control device used for sulfur dioxide control. A corona discharge in flue gas produces oxidizing radicals, such as OH and atomic oxygen, which then react to oxidize elemental mercury and other flue gas constituents. A unique corona reactor in which an intense and uniform corona is generated has been designed, and the evaluation of the corona reactor took place in the laboratory and at pilot scale at Alabama Power's Plant Miller. The results showed that the spatially distributed corona discharge produced by the corona reactor operating at short residence times will yield a high level of mercury vapor oxidation at moderate power consumption.
Photophysics of π-Conjugated Metal−Organic Oligomers:  Aryleneethynylenes that Contain the (bpy)Re(CO)<sub>3</sub>Cl Chromophore (2001)

A comprehensive study of a series of four monodisperse, metal-organic pi-conjugated oligomers of varying length is reported. The oligomers are based on the aryleneethynylene architecture, and they contain a 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-diyl (bpy) metal binding unit. The photophysical properties of the free oligomers and their complexes with the (L)Re(I)(CO)(3)X chromophore (where L = the bpy-oligomer and X = Cl or NCCH(3)) were explored by a variety of methods including electrochemistry, UV-visible absorption, variable temperature photoluminescence (PL), transient absorption (TA), and time-resolved electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (TREPR). The absorption of the free oligomers and the metal complexes is dominated by the pi,pi* transitions of the pi-conjugated oligomers. The free oligomers feature a strong blue fluorescence that is quenched entirely in the (L)Re(I)(CO)(3)X complexes. The metal-oligomers feature a weak, relatively long-lived red photoluminescence that is assigned to emission from both the (3)pi,pi* manifold of the pi-conjugated system and the dpi Re --> pi* bpy-oligomer metal-to-ligand charge transfer ((3)MLCT) state. On the basis of a detailed analysis of the PL, TA, and TREPR results an excited-state model is developed which indicates that the oligomer-based (3)pi,pi* state and the (3)MLCT states are in close energetic proximity. Consequently the photophysical properties reflect a composite of the properties of the two excited-state manifolds.
A tunable artificial magnetic conductor using switched capacitance in a concentric overlapping geometry (2004)

In this paper, a new method for reconfiguration of artificial magnetic conductors has been described that uses a switched capacitive overlap in a concentric loop geometry. A simple circuit model has been developed for rapid iteration that agrees well with the rigorous full-wave solution for reflection phase. The concept has been successfully demonstrated in a geometry that exhibits more than 3:1 tuning bandwidth. A practical limit of 5:1 or 6:1 bandwidth is possible (depending on operating band and practical limitations of the PIN diodes or MEMs switches). The frequency bands for the high-impedance and surface wave bandgap have been demonstrated to maintain alignment as the structure is reconfigured.
A FAK scaffold inhibitor disrupts FAK and VEGFR-3 signaling and blocks melanoma growth by targeting both tumor and endothelial cells (2014)

Melanoma has the highest mortality rate of all skin cancers and a major cause of treatment failure is drug resistance. Tumors heterogeneity requires novel therapeutic strategies and new drugs targeting multiple pathways. One of the new approaches is targeting the scaffolding function of tumor related proteins such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK). FAK is overexpressed in most solid tumors and is involved in multiple protein-protein interactions critical for tumor cell survival, tumor neovascularization, progression and metastasis. In this study, we investigated the anticancer activity of the FAK scaffold inhibitor C4, targeted to the FAK-VEGFR-3 complex, against melanomas. We compared C4 inhibitory effects in BRAF mutant vs BRAF wild type melanomas. C4 effectively caused melanoma tumor regression in vivo, when administered alone and sensitized tumors to chemotherapy. The most dramatic effect of C4 was related to reduction of vasculature of both BRAF wild type and V600E mutant xenograft tumors. The in vivo effects of C4 were assessed in xenograft models using non-invasive multimodality imaging in conjunction with histologic and molecular biology methods. C4 inhibited cell viability, adhesion and motility of melanoma and endothelial cells, specifically blocked phosphorylation of VEGFR-3 and FAK and disrupted their complexes. Specificity of in vivo effects for C4 were confirmed by a decrease in tumor FAK and VEGFR-3 phosphorylation, reduction of vasculogenesis and reduced blood flow. Our collective observations provide evidence that a small molecule inhibitor targeted to the FAK protein-protein interaction site successfully inhibits melanoma growth through dual targeting of tumor and endothelial cells and is effective against both BRAF wild type and mutant melanomas.
Effects of Desflurane and Isoflurane on Arterial Oxygenation and Hemodynamics during One-lung Ventilation (2003)

Background: Potent inhalational agents are widely used for thoracic anesthesia. They have several desirable properties, including ease of administration, rapid onset and offset, and bronchodilation. One potential drawback is their ability to directly inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction. Desflurane does not directly inhibit hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction in vivo, in contrast to isoflurane using the same animal model. In this study, we compared the effects of desflurane and isoflurane on arterial oxygenation and hemodynamics during one lung ventilation in a humans.
A New Role for Ion Channels in Myoblast Fusion (2001)

During myogenesis, proliferating myoblasts withdraw from the cell cycle and fuse to form an ordered array of large, multinucleated muscle fibers. This highly regulated process can be divided temporally into a series of complex steps: commitment to a myoblast phenotype, acquisition of fusion
Initial Experience of 3 Tesla Endorectal Coil Magnetic Resonance Imaging and 1H-Spectroscopic Imaging of the Prostate (2004)

Initial results of endorectal 3T 1H-MR spectroscopic imaging in prostate cancer patients showed potential advantages: the increase in spatial, temporal, and spectral resolution at higher field strength may result in an improved accuracy in delineating and staging prostate cancer.
Energy Efficient Medium Access Control for Ultra Wide Band Cluster-based Sensor Network (2006)

It is essential for UWB wireless sensor networks to have energy efficient medium access control (MAC) protocol due to sensor nodes with highly energy constrained. In this paper, a novel energy efficient MAC protocol for UWB cluster-based wireless sensor networks is proposed. Our proposed MAC protocol makes use of some parameters of physical layer of UWB, such as the number of pluses per data bit, three kinds of time hopping (TH) codes. The analysis in theory indicates that decreasing the number of pluses per data bit can reduce energy dissipation and that adopting three kinds of TH codes can avoid collision. The communication between the cluster head and the sink node is also considered in our proposed MAC protocol by ACK packet with busy or idle flag and duration field.
Traumatic Brain Injury (2015)

The all-new Succinct Pediatrics: Evaluation and Management for Common and Critical Care takes a very direct and practical approach to the concerns pediatricians face on a daily basis.The book features a heavy focus on the evaluation and management process of pediatric care, and the process by which physicians will come to the various clinical decisions they make.This attention on medical decision-making (MDM) as well as featured "Levels of Evidence" which rate the various treatment courses, further integrates the practice of evidence-based medicine into daily care.Coverage ranges from abdominal pain and back pain to fever, injuries and rashes, making this an ideal reference for pediatric health care providers.
Copper-free click chemistry for dynamic <i>in vivo</i> imaging (2007)

Dynamic imaging of proteins in live cells is routinely performed by using genetically encoded reporters, an approach that cannot be extended to other classes of biomolecules such as glycans and lipids. Here, we report a Cu-free variant of click chemistry that can label these biomolecules rapidly and selectively in living systems, overcoming the intrinsic toxicity of the canonical Cu-catalyzed reaction. The critical reagent, a substituted cyclooctyne, possesses ring strain and electron-withdrawing fluorine substituents that together promote the [3 + 2] dipolar cycloaddition with azides installed metabolically into biomolecules. This Cu-free click reaction possesses comparable kinetics to the Cu-catalyzed reaction and proceeds within minutes on live cells with no apparent toxicity. With this technique, we studied the dynamics of glycan trafficking and identified a population of sialoglycoconjugates with unexpectedly rapid internalization kinetics.
β-Amyloid Activates the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Cascade via Hippocampal α7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors:<i>In Vitro</i>and<i>In Vivo</i>Mechanisms Related to Alzheimer's Disease (2001)

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is the most common of the senile dementias, the prevalence of which is increasing rapidly, with a projected 14 million affected worldwide by 2025. The signal transduction mechanisms that underlie the learning and memory derangements in AD are poorly understood. β-Amyloid (Aβ) peptides are elevated in brain tissue of AD patients and are the principal component of amyloid plaques, a major criterion for postmortem diagnosis of the disease. Using acute and organotypic hippocampal slice preparations, we demonstrate that Aβ peptide 1-42 (Aβ42) couples to the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade via α7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). In vivo elevation of Aβ, such as that exhibited in an animal model for AD, leads to the upregulation of α7 nAChR protein. α7 nAChR upregulation occurs concomitantly with the downregulation of the 42 kDa isoform of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK2) MAPK in hippocampi of aged animals. The phosphorylation state of a transcriptional mediator of long-term potentiation and a downstream target of the ERK MAPK cascade, the cAMP-regulatory element binding (CREB) protein, were affected also. These findings support the model that derangement of hippocampus signal transduction cascades in AD arises as a consequence of increased Aβ burden and chronic activation of the ERK MAPK cascade in an α7 nAChR-dependent manner that eventually leads to the downregulation of ERK2 MAPK and decreased phosphorylation of CREB protein.
Improved Calcium Ion-Selective Electrode Based on a Neutral Carrier (1975)

Abstract The performance of a liquid-membrane electrode using a synthetic, neutral carrier in o-nitro-phenyl-n-octyl-ether as membrane component in a PVC matrix, in the presence of sodium tetra-phenyl-borate, is described. Selectivities, working range, lifetime and anion interference are discussed. The electrode makes possible the measurement of calcium ion activities in the range 10−1M to 10−6M in unbuffered and in the range 10−1M to 10−8M in calcium buffered systems respectively. The selectivities of calcium over protons, magnesium, sodium and zinc are 25,000, 26,000, 2,800 and 7,100, respectively, and are far superior than those reported for other calcium sensors.
Design of Fair Weights for Heterogeneous Traffic Scheduling in Multichannel Wireless Networks (2010)

Fair weights have been implemented to maintain fairness in recent resource allocation schemes. However, designing fair weights for multiservice wireless networks is not trivial because users' rate requirements are heterogeneous and their channel gains are variable. In this paper, we design fair weights for opportunistic scheduling of heterogeneous traffic in orthogonal frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) networks. The fair weights determine each user's share of rate for maintaining a utility notion of fairness. We then present a scheduling scheme which enforces users' long term average transmission rates to be proportional to the fair weights. The proposed scheduler takes the advantage of users' channel state information and the inherent flexibility of OFDMA resource allocation for efficient resource utilization. Furthermore, using the fair weights allows flexibility for realization of different scheduling schemes which accommodate a variety of requirements in terms of heterogeneous traffic types and user mobility. Simulation based performance analysis is presented to demonstrate efficacy of the proposed solution in this paper.
Improving naive Bayes classifier by dividing its decision regions (2011)

Classification can be regarded as dividing the data space into decision regions separated by decision boundaries. In this paper we analyze decision tree algorithms and the NBTree algorithm from this perspective. Thus, a decision tree can be regarded as a classifier tree, in which each classifier on a non-root node is trained in decision regions of the classifier on the parent node. Meanwhile, the NBTree algorithm, which generates a classifier tree with the C4.5 algorithm and the naive Bayes classifier as the root and leaf classifiers respectively, can also be regarded as training naive Bayes classifiers in decision regions of the C4.5 algorithm. We propose a second division (SD) algorithm and three soft second division (SD-soft) algorithms to train classifiers in decision regions of the naive Bayes classifier. These four novel algorithms all generate two-level classifier trees with the naive Bayes classifier as root classifiers. The SD and three SD-soft algorithms can make good use of both the information contained in instances near decision boundaries, and those that may be ignored by the naive Bayes classifier. Finally, we conduct experiments on 30 data sets from the UC Irvine (UCI) repository. Experiment results show that the SD algorithm can obtain better generalization abilities than the NBTree and the averaged one-dependence estimators (AODE) algorithms when using the C4.5 algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) as leaf classifiers. Further experiments indicate that our three SD-soft algorithms can achieve better generalization abilities than the SD algorithm when argument values are selected appropriately.