gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Branching Copolymer Synthesis from Divinylbenzene-containing Olefinic Terpolymer (2009)

The ethylene (Et) - styrene (St) - divinylbenzene (DVB) terpolymer was synthesized from Et, St, and small amount of DVB using rac-isopropylidenebis(4,5-benzindenyl) zirconium dichloride/MAO coordination polymerization catalyst system. The terpolymer obtained highly keeps a pendant aromatic vinyl group from self cross-linking, which is considered to be a useful building block for the branching copolymer synthesis.The branching copolymers are synthesized from the Et-St-DVB terpolymer and styrene using anionic polymerization. The resulting copolymers showed uniformnano-scale phase separated structure corresponding to the main chain Et-St copolymer phase as soft segment and side chain polystyrene (PS) phase as hard segment. Mechanical strength and transparency increase with DVB content from 0.05 to 0.11 mol% of the Et-St-DVB terpolymers employed, with keeping good processability (MFR value). The mechanical properties are changed from thermoplastic elastomer to plastic by changing the weight ratio of the soft/hard segment, as well as the morphologies of the sea/islandstructure.
Continuous cardiac output monitoring in humans by invasive and noninvasive peripheral blood pressure waveform analysis (2006)

We present an evaluation of a novel technique for continuous (i.e., automatic) monitoring of relative cardiac output (CO) changes by long time interval analysis of a peripheral arterial blood pressure (ABP) waveform in humans. We specifically tested the mathematical analysis technique based on existing invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic data sets. With the former data set, we compared the application of the technique to peripheral ABP waveforms obtained via radial artery catheterization with simultaneous thermodilution CO measurements in 15 intensive care unit patients in which CO was changing because of disease progression and therapy. With the latter data set, we compared the application of the technique to noninvasive peripheral ABP waveforms obtained via a finger-cuff photoplethysmography system with simultaneous Doppler ultrasound CO measurements made by an expert in 10 healthy subjects during pharmacological and postural interventions. We report an overall CO root-mean-squared normalized error of 15.3% with respect to the invasive hemodynamic data set and 15.1% with respect to the noninvasive hemodynamic data set. Moreover, the CO errors from the invasive and noninvasive hemodynamic data sets were only mildly correlated with mean ABP (rho = 0.41, 0.37) and even less correlated with CO (rho = -0.14, -0.17), heart rate (rho = 0.04, 0.19), total peripheral resistance (rho = 0.38, 0.10), CO changes (rho = -0.26, -0.20), and absolute CO changes (rho = 0.03, 0.38). With further development and successful prospective testing, the technique may potentially be employed for continuous hemodynamic monitoring in the acute setting such as critical care and emergency care.
Early induction of a prechondrogenic population allows efficient generation of stable chondrocytes from human induced pluripotent stem cells (2015)

Regeneration of human cartilage is inherently inefficient; an abundant autologous source, such as human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), is therefore attractive for engineering cartilage. We report a growth factor-based protocol for differentiating hiPSCs into articular-like chondrocytes (hiChondrocytes) within 2 weeks, with an overall efficiency >90%. The hiChondrocytes are stable and comparable to adult articular chondrocytes in global gene expression, extracellular matrix production, and ability to generate cartilage tissue in vitro and in immune-deficient mice. Molecular characterization identified an early SRY (sex-determining region Y) box (Sox)9(low) cluster of differentiation (CD)44(low)CD140(low) prechondrogenic population during hiPSC differentiation. In addition, 2 distinct Sox9-regulated gene networks were identified in the Sox9(low) and Sox9(high) populations providing novel molecular insights into chondrogenic fate commitment and differentiation. Our findings present a favorable method for generating hiPSC-derived articular-like chondrocytes. The hiChondrocytes are an attractive cell source for cartilage engineering because of their abundance, autologous nature, and potential to generate articular-like cartilage rather than fibrocartilage. In addition, hiChondrocytes can be excellent tools for modeling human musculoskeletal diseases in a dish and for rapid drug screening.
Molecular Dynamics Simulation in Virtual Environments (1998)

A virtual environment for interactive molecular dynamics simulation has been designed and implemented at the Fraunhofer Institute for Computer Graphics. Different kinds of virtual reality devices are used in the environment for immersive display and interaction with the molecular system. A parallel computer is used to simulate the physical and chemical properties of the molecular system dynamically. A high‐speed network exchanges data between the simulation program and the modeling program. Molecular dynamics simulation virtual environment provides scientists with a powerful tool to study immersively the world of molecules. The dynamic interaction between an AIDS antiviral drug and reverse transcriptase enzyme is illustrated in the paper.
Changing gears from chemical adhesion of cells to flat substrata toward engulfment of micro-protrusions by active mechanisms (2009)

Microelectrode arrays increasingly serve to extracellularly record in parallel electrical activity from many excitable cells without inflicting damage to the cells by insertion of microelectrodes. Nevertheless, apart from rare cases they suffer from a low signal to noise ratio. The limiting factor for effective electrical coupling is the low seal resistance formed between the plasma membrane and the electronic device. Using transmission electron microscope analysis we recently reported that cultured Aplysia neurons engulf protruding micron size gold spines forming tight apposition which significantly improves the electrical coupling in comparison with flat electrodes (Hai et al 2009 Spine-shaped gold protrusions improve the adherence and electrical coupling of neurons with the surface of micro-electronic devices J. R. Soc. Interface 6 1153-65). However, the use of a transmission electron microscope to measure the extracellular cleft formed between the plasma membrane and the gold-spine surface may be inaccurate as chemical fixation may generate structural artifacts. Using live confocal microscope imaging we report here that cultured Aplysia neurons engulf protruding spine-shaped gold structures functionalized by an RGD-based peptide and to a significantly lesser extent by poly-l-lysine. The cytoskeletal elements actin and associated protein cortactin are shown to organize around the stalks of the engulfed gold spines in the form of rings. Neurons grown on the gold-spine matrix display varying growth patterns but maintain normal electrophysiological properties and form functioning synapses. It is concluded that the matrices of functionalized gold spines provide an improved substrate for the assembly of neuro-electronic hybrids.
High Availability Based Migration Analysis to Cloud Computing for High Growth Businesses (2012)

High availability requirement of the network is becoming essential for high growth disruptive technology companies. For businesses which require migration to networks supporting scalability and high availability, it is important to analyze the various factors and the cost effectiveness for choosing the optimal solution for them. The current work considers this important problem and presents an analysis of the important factors influencing the decision. The high availability of network is discussed using internal and external risk factors of the network. A production network risk matrix is proposed and a scheme to compute the overall risk is presented. A case study is presented in which four possible network configurations are analyzed and the most suitable solution is recognized. This study provides a paradigm and a useful framework for analyzing cloud computing services.
Transdermal nicotine facilitates smoking cessation (1990)

The efficacy of a transdermal nicotine patch in facilitation of smoking cessation was evaluated in a randomized double-blind trial. Sixty-five smokers who were highly dependent on cigarettes participated in the study, which included a behavioral smoking-cessation program. The rates of continuous abstinence were significantly higher in the nicotine group both initially (55% versus 34%) and at 3 weeks (18% versus 6%). Certain smoking withdrawal symptoms, including negative affect and hypoarousal, were effectively relieved by the nicotine patch. There was a trend toward a reduction in cigarette craving, whereas hunger and habit withdrawal symptoms were not affected. The main side effect associated with the nicotine patch was skin irritation. These findings suggest that a nicotine skin patch may be a useful aid to smoking cessation; however, the combination of other techniques with nicotine replacement may provide a more effective treatment for symptoms such as craving for cigarettes.
Impact of Temperature-Accelerated Voltage Stress on PMOS RF Performance (2004)

The thermal electrochemical analysis and modeling of negative bias temperature instability, oxide breakdown, and hot-carrier injection effects on metal-oxide-semiconductor devices are performed. The temperature-accelerated voltage stress has been examined experimentally. A subcircuit model aiming to evaluate the stress-induced degradation via simulation is developed. The measured and simulated performance for fresh and stressed devices at different temperatures is presented. The radio frequency performance degradation of a test circuit due to temperature-accelerated voltage stress is investigated.
A quantum-well inversion channel heterostructure as a multifunctional component for optoelectronic integrated circuits (1993)

An approach to optoelectronic integration utilizing a universal heterostructure with a single GaAs quantum-well active region is presented. The inversion channel forms the basis of a heterojunction field-effect transistor, a lateral current injection laser, a field-effect modulator, and a waveguide photodetector by simple reconfiguration of the electrodes and device geometry. The fabrication technology has been developed for gigahertz bandwidth applications by utilizing ion implantation techniques for interdevice electrical isolation and surface planarization, and reactive ion-etching to realize a self-aligned transistor-based heterostructure. The design, fabrication, and characterization of various heterostructures are discussed in the context of optoelectronic integration and the implementation of ion implantation disordering to realize low-loss self-aligned waveguides for on chip signal routing. The ultimate performance of the devices using a GaAs quantum well is considered, as well as the development of this technology for improved performance using strained InGaAs wells.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trellis display for modeling data from designed experiments (2011)

Abstract Visualizing data by graphing a response against certain factors, and conditioning on other factors, has arisen independently in many contexts. One is the interaction plots used in the analysis of data from designed experiments; these plots show conditional dependence based on the output of methods and models applied to the data. Trellis display, a framework for the visualization of multivariable data, allows conditioning to be readily carried out in a general way. It was developed initially in the context of data sets with a moderate or large number of observations to support the conditioning. This article demonstrates through examples that trellis display is also a highly useful visualization framework for designed experiments with a small number of runs. Trellis allows the visualization of conditional dependence, not only based on the output of models and methods, but also based on the raw data directly, which greatly aids the model building process. Trellis can even succeed for highly fractionated designs. The reason appears to be that for success, such designs require an engineering practice that keeps error variability small, which allows interpretable patterns to emerge on conditioning displays with a limited number of plotted points. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Statistical Analysis and Data Mining 4: 133–145 2011
Bayan: an Arabic text database management system (1990)

Most existing databases lack features which allow for the convenient manipulation of text. It is even more difficult to use them if the text language is not based on the Roman alphabet. The Arabic language is a very good example of this case. Many projects have attempted to use conventional database systems for Arabic data manipulation (including text data), but because of Arabic's many differences with English, these projects have met with limited success. In the Bayan project, the approach has been different. Instead of simply trying to adopt an environment to Arabic, the properties of the Arabic language were the starting point and everything was designed to meet the needs of Arabic, thus avoiding the shortcomings of other projects. A text database management system was designed to overcome the shortcomings of conventional database management systems in manipulating text data. Bayan's data model is based on an object-oriented approach which helps the extensibility of the system for future use. In Bayan, we designed the database with the Arabic text properties in mind. We designed it to support the way Arabic words are derived, classified, and constructed. Furthermore, linguistic algorithms (for word generation and morphological decomposition of words) were designed, leading to a formalization of rules of Arabic language writing and sentence construction. A user interface was designed on top of this environment. A new representation of the Arabic characters was designed, a complete Arabic keyboard layout was created, and a window-based Arabic user interface was also designed.
Niacin Decreases Removal of High-Density Lipoprotein Apolipoprotein A-I But Not Cholesterol Ester by Hep G2 Cells (1997)

Niacin (nicotinic acid) is the most potent clinically used agent for increasing plasma HDL and apolipoprotein (apo) A-I. The mechanism by which niacin increases apoA-I is not clearly understood. We have examined the effect of niacin on the hepatic production and removal of apoA-I using Hep G2 cells as an in vitro model. Incubation of Hep G2 cells with niacin resulted in increased accumulation of apoA-I in the medium in a dose-dependent manner. Incorporation of [3H]leucine and [35S]methionine into apoA-I and apoA-I mRNA expression was unchanged by niacin, suggesting that it did not affect apoA-I de novo synthesis. Uptake of radiolabeled HDL protein and HDL apoA-I by Hep G2 cells was significantly reduced to as much as 82.9 +/- 2.2% (P = .04) and 84.2 +/- 2.8% (P = .02), respectively, of the baseline with increasing concentrations of niacin (0 to 3.0 mmol/L). Specific 125I-HDL protein uptake measured with a 50-fold excess of unlabeled HDL was reduced to as much as 78.3 +/- 4.8% (P = .005) in niacin-treated cells. The uptake of labeled cholesterol esters in HDL was unaffected by niacin. Niacin also effected a similar decrease in HDL protein uptake, but not cholesterol esters, from apoA-I-containing HDL particles isolated by immunoaffinity. The conditioned medium obtained from Hep G2 cells incubated with niacin significantly (P = .002) increased cholesterol efflux from cultured human fibroblasts. These data indicate a novel mechanism whereby niacin selectively decreases hepatic removal of HDL apoA-I but not cholesterol esters, thereby increasing the capacity of retained apoA-I to augment reverse cholesterol transport.
A Socio-Economic Analysis of French Public Timber Sales (2010)

Cahier du LEF ; 2007-03 <br/>2007-03<br/>Cahier du LEF ; 2007-03
[The genetic polymorphism of the dioeciousness trait in the fodder beet]. (2000)

The data on the study of genetics of the monofloret-cluster trait in fodder beet were presented. Three alleles of monofloret mc4, mc5 and mc6 were selected and described. Available monofloret sources of fertile fodder beet was tested on allelism.
Polymerization of 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-N,N′-bis(phthaloyl-L-leucine) diacid chloride with aromatic diamines by microwave irradiation (2000)

A new facile and rapid polycondensation reaction of 4,4′-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)-N,N′-bis(phthaloyl-L-leucine) diacid chloride (1) with several aromatic diamines, including benzidine (2a), 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl methane (2b), 1,5-diaminoanthraquinone (2c), 4,4′-sulfonyldianiline (2d), 3,3′-diaminobenzophenone (2e), P-phenylenediamine (2f), 2,6-diaminopyridine (2g), 4,4′-diaminobenzophenone (2h), 2,4-diaminotoluene (2i), and 4,4′-diaminodiphenylether (2j), was developed with a domestic microwave oven in the presence of a small amount of a polar organic medium such as o-cresol. The polymerization reactions proceeded rapidly compared to conventional solution polycondensation and finished within 12 min, producing a series of optically active poly(amide-imide)s with quantitative yields and high inherent viscosities of 0.50–1.93 dL/g. All of the polymers were fully characterized by IR, elemental analyses, and specific rotation. Some structural characterization and physical properties of these optically active poly(amide-imide)s are reported. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 38: 1154–1160, 2000
Variables In Reinforced RIM (1980)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">In order to meet governmental requirements for automotive fuel economy, light weight materials must replace conventional materials. Reinforced reaction injection molded (RRIM) polyurethanes are expected to play a major role in weight reduction. Variations which must be considered in producing RRIM include the machinery, resin matrix, reinforcing material, and processing effects. Suitable production equipment appears to have been developed. Milled glass fiber reinforced RIM appears ready to compete on a commercial basis with SMC and BMC for exterior automotive applications. RRIM parts are self-supporting in thin sections, have a coefficient of thermal expansion approaching that of steel, and have very low shrinkage rates.</div>
Vesselness propagation: a fast interactive vessel segmentation method (2006)

With the rapid development of multi-detector computed tomography (MDCT), resulting in increasing temporal and spatial resolution of data sets, clinical use of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) is rapidly increasing. Analysis of vascular structures is much needed in CTA images; however, the basis of the analysis, vessel segmentation, can still be a challenging problem. In this paper, we present a fast interactive method for CTA vessel segmentation, called vesselness propagation. This method is a two-step procedure, with a pre-processing step and an interactive step. During the pre-processing step, a vesselness volume is computed by application of a CTA transfer function followed by a multi-scale Hessian filtering. At the interactive stage, the propagation is controlled interactively in terms of the priority of the vesselness. This method was used successfully in many CTA applications such as the carotid artery, coronary artery, and peripheral arteries. It takes less than one minute for a user to segment the entire vascular structure. Thus, the proposed method provides an effective way of obtaining an overview of vascular structures.
Cloning and functional expression of the human GlcNAc-1-P transferase, the enzyme for the committed step of the dolichol cycle, by heterologous complementation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae (1998)

The gene for the human dolichol cycle GlcNAc-1-P transferase (ALG7/GPT) was cloned by screening a human lung fibroblast cDNA library. The library was constructed in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae expression vector, and the positive clone was identified by complementation of the conditional lethal S.cerevisiae strain YPH-A7-GAL. This strain was constructed by replacing the endogenous promoter of the GPT-gene by the stringently regulated GAL1-promoter. This construct allows to specifically suppress the endogenous enzyme activity. The insert of the positive clone displayed an open reading frame of 1200 nucleotides, coding for a putative protein of 400 amino acids with a calculated molecular weight of 44.7 kDa. The deduced protein sequence shows a homology of over 90% when compared with other mammalian GPT sequences, thus resembling the close phylogenetic relationship between mammalian species. This homology however decreases to 40-50% when compared to more distantly related organisms such as S.cerevisiae , Schizosaccharomyces pombe , or Leishmania amazonensis . Biochemical characterization of the recombinant protein showed that it is functionally expressed in the S.cerevisiae strain YPH-A7-GAL. GlcNAc- and GlcNAc2-PP-Dolichol biosynthesis could be shown with isolated S.cerevisiae membranes from cells harboring the recombinant plasmid and grown on glucose thus suppressing transcription of the endogenous gene. Synthesis could be stimulated by dolicholphosphate and was inhibited by tunicamycin. These results show that we have cloned the human GlcNAc-1-P transferase by heterologous complementation in S. cerevisiae, a strategy that may be useful for the cloning and characterization of glycosyltransferases from a variety of organisms.
Comparison of the Fatty Acids of Proteolytic Type B and Nonproteolytic Types E and F of <i>Clostridium botulinum</i> (1969)

Lipids were extracted from vegetative cells and spores of Clostridium botulinum. The total lipids extracted averaged approximately 3.8% of the dry weight of vegetative cells and 2.5% of the dry weight of spores of types 61E, "F," and 115B. The fatty acids were analyzed in the form of their methyl esters by gas-liquid chromatography. Infrared spectroscopy, mercuric acetate fractionation, and silver nitratethin layer chromatography served as complementary means of analysis. The total fatty acids included straight chain, saturated, unsaturated, and cyclopropane acids. Hexadecanoic and tetradecanoic acids were the predominant acids in both the spores and vegetative cells. Together, they comprised over 50% of the total fatty acids. Unsaturated acids were the second major group. These were primarily 7,8-tetradecenoic, 9,10-hexadecenoic, 7,8-hexadecenoic, 11,12-octadecenoic, and 9,10-octadecenoic acids. Nonproteolytic types 61E and "F" possessed an 18-carbon diunsaturate, which was not found in the vegetative cells or spores of proteolytic type 115B. A mechanism for the synthesis of unsaturated and cyclopropane acids was proposed.
Comparative Effects of Three EPTC Antidotes (1973)

In growth room studies, N,N -diallyl-2,2-dichloroacetamide (hereafter referred to as R-25788) was the most effective of three antidotes for the reduction of EPTC ( S -ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) injury to corn ( Zea mays L. ‘United Hybrid 106’). R-25788 reduced EPTC injury to corn as a seed treatment, as an incorporated soil spray, or in nutrient solution in quartz sand nutrient culture. CDAA ( N,N -diallyl-2-chloroacetamide) was also an EPTC antidote for corn when applied to the soil or in nutrient solution but was itself toxic to corn when applied as a seed treatment. The antidote 1,8-naphthalic anhydride (hereafter referred to as naphthalic anhydride) was less effective than R-25788 as a seed treatment and was ineffective when applied to the soil. Naphthalic anhydride was the only one of the three antidotes which also reduced EPTC toxicity to green foxtail [ Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv.].