gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
DESIGN OF A BUILDING WITH SEISMIC ISOLATION SYSTEM AT THE MID-STORY (1999)

In the design of the building which accommodate various functions, it is difficult to harmonize structural characteristics required for each functions. This difficulty also exists in ordinary base isolated buildings. In this paper, an example of the building is introduced where different types of structures are connected by mid-story isolation to solve this problem. By introducing this mid-story isolation system, seismic energy can be concentrated at the mid-story isolation and consequently high seismic capacity of the total building is secured.
Alternative Highly Homogenous Drift Layer Doping for 650 V SiC Devices (2016)

A new method for homogenous drift layer doping is introduced. Instead of in-situ doping during epitaxial growth a subsequent high energy ion implant step is used to dope the drift layer of 650V MPS (Merged-PN-Schottky) diodes. In order to avoid multiple implant steps with various energies for emulating a box-like doping profile, a novel “energy filter” membrane is used to transform the monochromatic ion beam to a beam with a continuous energy spectrum suited for box-like doping. The electrical characteristics of the diodes manufactured by this means show a very homogenous blocking behavior on wafer level, however the expected improved homogeneity in differential resistance of the wafers could not be confirmed by wafer level measurements. More work is needed to understand this discrepancy between experiment and theory.
New Developments in Thyroid Cancer (2013)

Thyroid cancer is common but rarely deadly. Unfortunately, when the disease becomes refractory to radioactive iodine (RAI), few effective treatment options remain. This situation is changing, however, with the availability of multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Cabozantanib and vandetanib, both recently FDA-approved for advanced or metastatic disease, have more than doubled progression-free survival in medullary thyroid cancer. New agents in the pipeline may yield even better outcomes, as discussed by Dr. Robert I. Haddad at the NCCN 18th Annual Conference.
Managing diabetic retinopathy: the partnership between ophthalmologist and primary care physician. (1995)

Diabetic retinopathy (DR), an ocular complication of diabetes mellitus, is the leading cause of blindness in Americans age 20 to 74 today. The more severe stage of the disease, proliferative diabetic retinopathy, affects an estimated 700,000 Americans. Based on clinical findings, the disease is generally classified as nonproliferative DR or proliferative DR. While the former often begins as a symptomatically silent disease, it nevertheless may be progressing to itself cause significant visual loss. Based principally on evidence from several studies sponsored by the National Eye Institute, current treatment consists of regular observation by an ophthalmologist, laser photocoagulation, and vitrectomy. In addition, preventive methods such as tight glycemic control and ophthalmic screening of diabetics appear beneficial. While the ophthalmologist can provide specialized services for the DR patient, prevention and control lie largely in the hands of the primary care physician. Thus, only when primary and specialized care have established a strong partnership can they save the sight of the thousands at risk for diabetic retinopathy.
Studying the interactome with the yeast two‐hybrid system and mass spectrometry (2004)

Protein interactions are crucial to the life of a cell. The analysis of such interactions is allowing biologists to determine the function of uncharacterized proteins and the genes that encode them. The yeast two-hybrid system has become one of the most popular and powerful tools to study protein-protein interactions. With the advent of proteomics, the two-hybrid system has found a niche in interactome mapping. However, it is clear that only by combining two-hybrid data with that from complementary approaches such as mass spectrometry (MS) can the interactome be analyzed in full. This review introduces the yeast two-hybrid system to those unfamiliar with the technique, and discusses how it can be used in combination with MS to unravel the network of protein interactions that occur in a cell.
A Numerical Investigation of Premixed Combustion in Wave Rotors (1997)

Wave rotor cycles that utilize premixed combustion processes within the passages are examined numerically using a one-dimensional CFD-based simulation. Internal-combustion wave rotors are envisioned for use as pressure-gain combustors in gas turbine engines. The simulation methodology is described, including a presentation of the assumed governing equations for the flow and reaction in the channels, the numerical integration method used, and the modeling of external components such as recirculation ducts. A number of cycle simulations are then presented that illustrate both turbulent-deflagration and detonation modes of combustion. Estimates of performance and rotor wall temperatures for the various cycles are made, and the advantages and disadvantages of each are discussed.
A relativistic magnetron with a thermionic cathode (1982)

A 500-kV, S-band magnetron has been designed and tested. An oxide cathode was used in an attempt to achieve 1 μs pulse lengths by using the pre-pulse space charge to shield the cathode from vacuum dc breakdown. The magnetron was designed according to conventional, nonrelativistic scaling laws and is unstrapped, utilizing a symmetric, axial output into a circular vacuum waveguide. Initially, focus electrodes were used to prevent axial electron losses but arcing between these and the anode limited the voltage below the π-mode oscillation threshold. Operation occurred in various space harmonics, as predicted by the relativistic Buneman-Hartree oscillation threshold equation. Removal of the focus electrodes allowed π-mode operation at voltages of ∼400 kV, powers of ∼20 MW, and pulse lengths of ∼35 ns. It is believed that high energy electrons strike the anode, ejecting ionized copper which neutralizes the space charge and creates a low impedance plasma channel, thereby preventing operation at pulse lengths longer than ∼35 ns for this design. The pulse lengths correlate well with a simple estimate of the ion transit time across the anode-cathode gap rather than the 1–5 cm/μs plasma diode closure rate frequently observed. The low powers obtained are a consequence both of the reduced efficiencies characteristic of relativistic magnetrons and operation at voltages well below the relativistic optimum.
Optimizing virtual machine placement for energy and SLA in clouds using utility functions (2016)

Cloud computing provides on-demand access to a shared pool of computing resources, which enables organizations to outsource their IT infrastructure. Cloud providers are building data centers to handle the continuous increase in cloud users’ demands. Consequently, these cloud data centers consume, and have the potential to waste, substantial amounts of energy. This energy consumption increases the operational cost and the CO2 emissions. The goal of this paper is to develop an optimized energy and SLA-aware virtual machine (VM) placement strategy that dynamically assigns VMs to Physical Machines (PMs) in cloud data centers. This placement strategy co-optimizes energy consumption and service level agreement (SLA) violations. The proposed solution adopts utility functions to formulate the VM placement problem. A genetic algorithm searches the possible VMs-to-PMs assignments with a view to finding an assignment that maximizes utility. Simulation results using CloudSim show that the proposed utility-based approach reduced the average energy consumption by approximately 6 % and the overall SLA violations by more than 38 %, using fewer VM migrations and PM shutdowns, compared to a well-known heuristics-based approach.
Improving localization in wireless sensor networks with an evolutionary algorithm (2006)

Wireless sensor networks are highly useful for many location-sensitive applications including environmental monitoring, military applications, disaster management, etc. Localization in wireless sensor networks concerns about the precise estimation of node positions given a relatively small portion as anchor nodes with their absolute positions predetermined. Intrinsically, localization is an unconstrained optimization problem based on various distance/path measures. Most of the existing work focus on increasing the accuracy in position estimation typically by using different heuristic-based or mathematical techniques. On the other hand, there were many complex optimization problems successfully tackled by the nature inspired search algorithms including the ant-based or genetic algorithms. In this paper, we propose to adapt an evolutionary approach, namely a microgenetic algorithm, and integrate as a post-optimizer into some existing localization techniques such as the Ad-hoc Positioning System (APS) to further improve their position estimation. Clearly, our proposed MGA is so adaptable that it can easily be integrated into other localization methods. More importantly, the remarkable improvements obtained by the prototype of our proposed evolutionary optimizer on certain anisotropic topologies of our simulation tests prompt for further investigation. © 2006 IEEE.
On-Board Printed Coupled-Fed Loop Antenna in Close Proximity to the Surrounding Ground Plane for Penta-Band WWAN Mobile Phone (2011)

A small-size coupled-fed loop antenna suitable to be printed on the system circuit board of the mobile phone for penta-band WWAN operation (824-960/1710-2170 MHz) is presented. The loop antenna requires only a small footprint of 15 x 25 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> on the circuit board, and it can also be in close proximity to the surrounding ground plane printed on the circuit board. That is, very small or no isolation distance is required between the antenna's radiating portion and the nearby ground plane. This can lead to compact integration of the internal on-board printed antenna on the circuit board of the mobile phone, especially the slim mobile phone. The loop antenna also shows a simple structure; it is formed by a loop strip of about 87 mm with its end terminal short-circuited to the ground plane and its front section capacitively coupled to a feeding strip which is also an efficient radiator to contribute a resonant mode for the antenna's upper band to cover the GSM1800/1900/UMTS bands (1710-2170 MHz). Through the coupling excitation, the antenna can also generate a 0.25-wavelength loop resonant mode to form the antenna's lower band to cover the GSM850/900 bands (824-960 MHz). Details of the proposed antenna are presented. The SAR results for the antenna with the presence of the head and hand phantoms are also studied.
Adult Tethered Cord Syndrome: Clinical Considerations and Surgical Management (2006)

The adult tethered cord syndrome (TCS) is increasingly well recognized. Owing to the paucity of literature on this subject, its true incidence is not known. In this condition, mechanical “tethering” of the distal spinal cord leads to traction effects on the lumbosacral cord. Etiologies include taut fila terminale, myelomeningocoeles, lipomatous malformations, split cord malformations, and arachnoidal adhesions. Most commonly, patients present with either pain or urologic dysfunction. A majority also have sensori-motor deficits on presentation. Although the pathophysiology of this condition remains poorly understood, microsurgical detethering in carefully selected patients can generally be associated with favourable clinical outcomes and low neurologic complication rates. Surgery should therefore be considered in symptomatic patients with radiologic findings consistent with TCS. In our experience, intraoperative electrophysiologic monitoring is critical in facilitating safe surgery. Previous surgery, particularly in the presence of significant arachnoidal scarring, is regarded as a poor prognostic factor. The optimal management of these patients requires a multidisciplinary approach to address their urologic and orthopedic needs. This paper reviews the embryologic basis, clinical features, surgical management, and outcomes of adult patients with TCS, in the light of published literature.