gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PARASITOPHOROUS VACUOLE: MORPHOFUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY IN DIFFERENT COCCIDIAN GENERA (A SHORT INSIGHT INTO THE PROBLEM) (2002)

We present a short insight into the problem of parasitophorous vacuole (PV) formation as a most peculiar kind of cell vacuolization occurring in the course of intracellular development of coccidian pathogens of the genera Eimeria, Isospora, Toxoplasma, Sarcocystis, Cryptosporidium, Epieimeria, and Karyolysus. The review focuses on the morpho-functional diversity of PVs in these parasites. By the present time, the PVs containing different parasite genera and species have been examined to different extent. The membrane of the PV (PVM) obviously derives from the host cell plasmalemma. But soon after parasite penetration, the morphofunctional organization and biochemical composition of the PVM drastically changes: its proteins are selectively excluded and those of the parasite are incorporated. As the result, the PV becomes not fusigenic for lysosomes or any other vacuoles or vesicles, because host cell surface markers necessary for membrane fusion are eliminated from the PVM during parasite invasion. The pattern of the PVs is parasite specific and demonstrates a broad diversity within the same genera and species and even at different stages of the endogenous development. The PV is far from being an indifferent membrane vesicle containing the parasite. Instead, it represents a dynamic system that reflects the innermost events of host-parasite relationships, thus promoting the accomplishing of the parasite life cycle, which, in its turn, is a necessary prerequisite of the parasite eventual survival as a species.
A framework for automated measurement of the intensity of non-posed Facial Action Units (2009)

This paper presents a framework to automatically measure the intensity of naturally occurring facial actions. Naturalistic expressions are non-posed spontaneous actions. The facial action coding system (FACS) is the gold standard technique for describing facial expressions, which are parsed as comprehensive, nonoverlapping action units (Aus). AUs have intensities ranging from absent to maximal on a six-point metric (i.e., 0 to 5). Despite the efforts in recognizing the presence of non-posed action units, measuring their intensity has not been studied comprehensively. In this paper, we develop a framework to measure the intensity of AU12 (lip corner puller) and AU6 (cheek raising) in videos captured from infant-mother live face-to-face communications. The AU12 and AU6 are the most challenging case of infant's expressions (e.g., low facial texture in infant's face). One of the problems in facial image analysis is the large dimensionality of the visual data. Our approach for solving this problem is to utilize the spectral regression technique to project high dimensionality facial images into a low dimensionality space. Represented facial images in the low dimensional space are utilized to train support vector machine classifiers to predict the intensity of action units. Analysis of 18 minutes of captured video of non-posed facial expressions of several infants and mothers shows significant agreement between a human FACS coder and our approach, which makes it an efficient approach for automated measurement of the intensity of non-posed facial action units.
Height, weight, and the assessment of obesity in children. (1972)

There hasbeenrecent concern about theobserved alteration overthepastfewdecades ofthedistribution ofweight forheight inbothadults and children and,inparticular, abouttheincreasing proportion of'heavy' children (Scott, 1961; Khosla andLowe,1968). Increasing amounts ofoverweight areknowntobeassociated withincreasing morbidity andmortality rates for adults ofagiven ageandsex (Kannel, LeBauer, Dawber, andMcNamara, 1967) andseveral studies haveshownthat excessive weight inchildhood islikely topersist (Mullins, 1958; Lloyd, Wolff, andWhelan1961; Asher, 1966; Eid, 1970). Moreover, ithasrecently beenfoundthat overweight children mayexperience moreillness thanother children ataveryearly age(HutchinsonSmith, 1970; Tracey, De,andHarper, 1971). Extremeoverweight willusually indicate some degree ofobesity, butitisevident that measures of height andweight alone cannot provide anaccurate measure ofadiposity asthey will also reflect thesize oftheother bodycompartments. Several indices derived fromheight andweight havebeenshownto correlate highly withmeasures ofadiposity, suchas skinfold thickness, bodydensity, andfatcontent calculated bysubtraction ofleanbodymassfrom total bodyweight, leanbodymassbeing derived from potassium-40 measurements (Billewicz, Kemsley, andThomson, 1962; Forbes, 1964; Khosla andLowe,1968; EvansandPrior, 1969). The correlation coefficients areoftheorder 0-8butmay belower forsomevalues ofheight, which ledFlorey (1970) tosuggest that height andweight alone donot give anadequate estimate ofadiposity. Despite their limitations, however, theeaseandrelative accuracy withwhichmeasurements ofheight andweight can betaken makethemuseful measures forepidemiological studies andscreening programmes. Fromanexamination ofweight distributions and measures ofadiposity itisusually assumed thatin adults thedistribution ofobesity isindependent of
5.1 POWER8<sup>TM</sup>: A 12-core server-class processor in 22nm SOI with 7.6Tb/s off-chip bandwidth (2014)

The 12-core 649mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> POWER8™ leverages IBM's 22nm eDRAM SOI technology [1], and microarchitectural enhancements to deliver up to 2.5× the socket performance [2] of its 32nm predecessor, POWER7+™ [3]. POWER8 contains 4.2B transistors and 31.5μF of deep-trench decoupling capacitance. Three thin-oxide transistor V <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</inf> s are used for power/performance tuning, and thick-oxide transistors enable high-voltage I/O and analog designs. The 15-layer BEOL contains 5–80nm, 2–144nm, 3–288nm, and 3–640nm pitch layers for low-latency communication as well as 2–2400nm ultra-thick-metal (UTM) pitch layers for low-resistance distribution of power and clocks.
Resource allocation in cloud using simulated annealing (2014)

One of the major problems in the domain of cloud computing is to allocate requests to resources maintaining high resource utilization. Many researchers have used heuristic algorithms, statistical methods, stochastic knapsack problem, and soft computing techniques to solve this problem. In this paper, we have utilized a variation of multi dimensional (multi parameter) bin packing to model the problem. We have also presented an efficient resource allocation algorithm using simulated annealing. Our approach can be generalized to solve resource allocation problem in multiple layers of cloud computing. Furthermore, we have carried out experiments to illustrate efficiency of our algorithm with respect to commonly used First Come First Serve (FCFS) resource allocation method.
Reactor properties of a high‐speed bead mill for microbial cell rupture (1979)

Abstract Laboratory and pilot‐plant high‐speed bead mills of 0.6 and 5 liter capacity and consisting of four and five impellers in series, respectively, were used to follow the batch and continuous disruption of bakers' yeast ( Saccharomyces cerevisiae ). The mills are not scaled equivalents. Throughputs ranging from 1 × 10 −6 m 3 /sec to 12 × 10 −6 m 3 /sec for the 0.6 liter mill and from 16 × 10 −6 m 3 /sec to 100 × 10 −6 m 3 /sec for the 5 liter mill were used for continuous disruption studies. Variables studied included the effect of impeller tip speed, temperature, and packed yeast concentration (ranging from 15 to75% by weight packed yeast). Disruption kinetics, as measured by the release of soluble protein, followed a first‐order rate equation, the rate constant being a function of impeller tip speed and yeast concentration. For continuous disruption studies the bead mills behaved as a series of continuous stirred‐tank reactors, each impeller forming a reactor. In the smaller mill a considerable degree of backflow between the reactors was evident. For certain mixing conditions the maximum amount of releasable protein was dependent on the impeller geometry, construction material, and also the concentration of packed yeast. The relative power efficiencies of the two mills are discussed along with possible criteria for scaling of bead mills.
A fast acquisition algorithm based on FFT for BOC modulated signals (2015)

The Binary Offset Carrier (BOC) modulation is expected to be utilized in the modern Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) to increase utilization efficiency of the limited frequency spectrum resource. It splits the main energy component of pseudo random noise (PRN) signal spectrum symmetrically around the center, and thus helps to mitigate inter-satellite cross correlation and makes the signals more robust. However, the modulation of subcarrier leads to multiple secondary peaks, which will cause signal detection missing and false lock. On the other hand, the new signals will have much longer code length than traditional GPS C/A code. To shorten the time to first fix (TTFF), parallel acquisition algorithms are commonly adopted in practical receivers. In this paper, we propose an effective code acquisition technique for BOC signals exploiting Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). It modifies the standard full code-parallel FFT acquisition approach, in order to mitigate secondary peaks and expedite the calculation. Utilizing BOCsin(1,1) signal, numerical simulation results demonstrate that the proposed modified FFT-based code acquisition scheme works efficiently for sine BOC signal. At expense of little detection performance, it can reduce computation significantly compared with the traditional approach.
New methodology for the design of advanced ultrasonic transducers for welding devices (2002)

A new high frequency ultrasonic transducer has been conceived, designed, prototyped and tested. The transducer is made of titanium and vibrates at the resonance frequency of 125 kHz. In the design phase an advanced approach was used and established. The method is based on an initial draft obtained with Finite-Elements-Method simulations (FEM). The simulated ultrasonic converters and resonators are then built and characterized experimentally through laser interferometry measurements and electrical resonance spectra. The comparison of simulation results with experimental data allows the parameters of FEM models, such as material constants or friction coefficients to be adjusted and optimised. The new transducer is fixed on the Wire Bonder with a flange whose special geometry was calculated by means of FEM simulations.
Can neural machine translation do simultaneous translation? (2016)

We investigate the potential of attention-based neural machine translation in simultaneous translation. We introduce a novel decoding algorithm, called simultaneous greedy decoding, that allows an existing neural machine translation model to begin translating before a full source sentence is received. This approach is unique from previous works on simultaneous translation in that segmentation and translation are done jointly to maximize the translation quality and that translating each segment is strongly conditioned on all the previous segments. This paper presents a first step toward building a full simultaneous translation system based on neural machine translation.
Reliability worth assessment of high-tech industry (2003)

This paper introduces a new approach to customer interruption cost evaluation that recognizes the dispersed nature of the cost data. The proposed method is designated as the possibility distribution approach and provides a realistic and effective assessment of the losses incurred by high-tech industry electrical users due to power failures. Fuzzy linear regression models are used to describe the distribution and dispersed behaviors of interruption costs. Bootstrap technique is used to generate a sampling distribution of small samples so that confidence intervals of interruption costs of different high-tech sectors can be obtained. Using the obtained cost models, interruption costs and reliability worth of high-tech industries that require higher reliability and premium power service, can be properly assessed.
Phase-sensitive amplification of light in a χ^(3) photonic chip using a dispersion engineered chalcogenide ridge waveguide (2013)

We report phase-sensitive amplification of light using χ((3)) parametric processes in a chalcogenide ridge waveguide. By spectrally slicing pump, signal and idler waves from a single pulsed source, we are able to observe 9.9 dB of on-chip phase-sensitive extinction with a signal-degenerate dual pump four-wave mixing architecture in good agreement with numerical simulations.
Who regulates whom: ZNF341 is an additional player in the STAT3/T <sub>H</sub> 17 song (2018)

Deficiency of ZNF341, a transcription factor featuring 12 Cys2His2 zinc fingers that regulates the expression and autoinduction of STAT3 (signal transducer and activator of transcription 3), results in hyper-immunoglobulin E syndrome and defective T helper 17 cell differentiation in humans.
Analytical method to determine keratan sulfate in the serum using HPLC. (2008)

There is an established method to assess the extent of articular cartilage damage that is based on the determination of keratan sulfate (KS) in synovial fluid by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, since it is easier to collect serum than synovial fluid, and the serum concentration of KS might reflect the extent of degeneration and injury of the articular cartilage, we aimed at developing a method to determine KS in serum by HPLC. Human serum was spiked with low-sulfated KS or poly-sulfated KS. After digestion of serum protein with a protease, the KS fraction was extracted by anion exchange column chromatography and then desalted. The KS fraction was digested with keratanase II and determined by HPLC. The recovery of KS added to the serum was 98% or more and did not depend on the degree of KS sulfation. A good recovery rate was obtained within a range of 50-100,000 ng/ml. The inter-day assay variation was 6.0% for 10 days. This method enables the determination of serum KS concentration without being influenced by the degree of KS sulfation.
Combinatorial Immunoprofiling in Latent Tuberculosis Infection. Toward Better Risk Stratification (2015)

These findings suggest that immune phenotypes defined by combinatorial assays may potentially have a role in identifying those at risk of developing TB; this potential role is supported by risk of reactivation modeling. Prospective studies will be needed to test this novel approach.
Increased gene expression levels of collagen receptor integrins are associated with decreased survival parameters in patients with advanced melanoma (2007)

Expression of collagen receptor integrins alpha1beta1 and alpha2beta1 has been associated with progression and metastatic potential of malignant melanoma. Integrin alpha2beta1 was originally characterized as a melanoma progression antigen. We have used real-time quantitative PCR to study the mRNA expression levels of three collagen receptor integrin chains, that is alpha1, alpha2 and alpha11 in metastases from 26 patients with melanoma. Interestingly, we find that survival after initiation of chemoimmunotherapy was significantly decreased in all patients whose tumours expressed high mRNA levels of alpha1 integrin, alpha2 integrin or alpha11 integrin when compared with lower tumour expression levels (P<0.05, log rank test). Moreover, those patients with high mRNA levels of all studied integrins had a significantly shorter survival from the appearance of the first metastasis than the patients with low levels of integrins (P<0.05). Furthermore, a high mRNA expression level of integrin alpha2 was found to be associated with poorer overall survival. High alpha2 mRNA levels (n=6) were associated with median survival of 35 months and low alpha2 mRNA levels (n=20), with median survival of 53 months (P=0.033). We conclude that collagen receptor integrins are important in the progression and prognosis of metastatic melanoma, and their measurements might be used as predictive markers when assessing disease progression.
Enhanced photoluminescence and thermal properties due to size mismatch in Mg<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>1−x</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup> deep-red phosphors (2019)

In this study, a warm red phosphor based on the substitution of Ge<sup>4+</sup> for Ti<sup>4+</sup> in the lattice of Mg<sub>2</sub>Ti<sub>x</sub>Ge<sub>1−x</sub>O<sub>4</sub>:Mn<sup>4+</sup> was prepared by a solid-state reaction route.
Atomic oxygen effects on polymer-based materials (1991)

This paper describes the operation and performance of an atomic-oxygen (AO) beam facility developed at the University of Toronto Institute for Aerospace Studies (UTIAS), capable of providing ground-state neutral oxygen atoms at ~ 2.2 eV for flux levels as high as ~ 10 16 atoms (cm 2 s) −1 . Results are presented on the AO erosion of polymer thin films and composite materials containing graphite and aramid fibres in epoxy matrices. Comparisons with space flight tests are also given, including studies of samples recently retrieved from the UTIAS composite-materials experiment on the NASA Long Duration Exposure Facility after 70 months exposure in low Earth orbit. Parameters that have been investigated include synergistic effects of UV radiation, surface-morphology changes, and accelerated testing.
Pyrimidine derivatives. IV. Synthesis of N<sup>1</sup> ‐(2‐methoxy‐4‐pyrimidyl)sulfaniiamide (1972)

Abstract N 1 ‐(2‐Methoxy‐4‐pyrimidyl)sulfanilamide was successfully prepared through three alternative routes. Namely, the above compound was obtained by condensation of 4‐amino‐2‐methoxy‐pyrimidine (III) with p ‐acetaminobenzenesulfonyl chloride and p ‐nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride and by direct condensation with sulfanilamide.
Apolipoprotein E and Alzheimer's disease: the influence of apolipoprotein E on amyloid-β and other amyloidogenic proteins (2017)

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the fastest-growing causes of death and disability in persons 65 years of age or older, affecting more than 5 million Americans alone. Clinical manifestations of AD include progressive decline in memory, executive function, language, and other cognitive domains. Research efforts within the last three decades have identified <i>APOE</i> as the most significant genetic risk factor for late-onset AD, which accounts for >99% of cases. The apoE protein is hypothesized to affect AD pathogenesis through a variety of mechanisms, from its effects on the blood-brain barrier, the innate immune system, and synaptic function to the accumulation of amyloid-β (Aβ). Here, we discuss the role of apoE on the biophysical properties and metabolism of the Aβ peptide, the principal component of amyloid plaques and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). CAA is characterized by the deposition of amyloid proteins (including Aβ) in the leptomeningeal medium and small arteries, which is found in most AD cases but sometimes occurs as an independent entity. Accumulation of these pathologies in the brain is one of the pathological hallmarks of AD. Beyond Aβ, we will extend the discussion to the potential role of apoE on other amyloidogenic proteins found in AD, and also a number of diverse neurodegenerative diseases.
Clinical applications of cytometry: 4th annual meeting (1990)

Abstract Quantitative cytology is undergoing rapid evolution because of dramatic advances in optics, lasers, photochemistry, computers and digital imaging. Novel clinical applications utilizing the latest flow and imaging technology as well as exciting new findings using more conventional methods are the focus of an annual meeting in Charleston, South Carolina. The 4th Annual Meeting, which featured sessions on image cytometry, fluorescence intensity, quantitation, leukemia/lymphoma analysis and transplantation, is summarized here.
Context Aware Graph Convolution for Skeleton-Based Action Recognition (2020)

Graph convolutional models have gained impressive successes on skeleton based human action recognition task. As graph convolution is a local operation, it cannot fully investigate non-local joints that could be vital to recognizing the action. For example, actions like typing and clapping request the cooperation of two hands, which are distant from each other in a human skeleton graph. Multiple graph convolutional layers thus tend to be stacked together to increase receptive field, which brings in computational inefficiency and optimization difficulty. But there is still no guarantee that distant joints (e.g. two hands) can be well integrated. In this paper, we propose a context aware graph convolutional network (CA-GCN). Besides the computation of localized graph convolution, CA-GCN considers a context term for each vertex by integrating information of all other vertices. Long range dependencies among joints are thus naturally integrated in context information, which then eliminates the need of stacking multiple layers to enlarge receptive field and greatly simplifies the network. Moreover, we further propose an advanced CA-GCN, in which asymmetric relevance measurement and higher level representation are utilized to compute context information for more flexibility and better performance. Besides the joint features, our CA-GCN could also be extended to handle graphs with edge (limb) features. Extensive experiments on two real-world datasets demonstrate the importance of context information and the effectiveness of the proposed CA-GCN in skeleton based action recognition.
Channel-forming properties and structural homology of major outer membrane proteins from Pseudomonas fluorescens MFO and OE 28.3 (1995)

The major outer membrane proteins (OprF) from Pseudomonas fluorescens MFO and OE 28.3 were purified by a new method involving native electrophoresis in octyl-polyoxyethylene media. Both proteins, characterized by the same size, heat-modifiability and N-terminal sequence were re-incorporated in virtually solvent-free planar lipid bilayers. They displayed very similar channel-forming properties: the major conductance level was between 250 pS and 270 pS in l M NaCl. From experiments of zero-current potential, both porins were determined weakly cation selective. Amplification by PCR and sequencing of the oprF gene of strain MFO allowed to point out 94% identity between the amino acid sequences of these two OprFs isolated from ecological niches as different as milk (strain MFO) and soil (strain OE 28.3).
Targeting Protein Kinase C (PKC) in Physiology and Cancer of the Gastric Cell System (2008)

Protein kinase C (PKC) family members are multifunctional kinases that have been implicated in many cell biological and physiological tasks including acid, pepsinogen, and mucous production. Through the use of small-molecule PKC modulators, PKC has been found to be involved in gene expression, the control of cytoskeleton, membrane and secretagogue-dependent signal transduction for secretion of acid. Gastric carcinoma and adenocarcinoma cells often show dysregulated PKC-dependent cell signal transduction compared to normal gastric cells. Moreover, PKC was the first known target of tumor promoting phorbol esters. These findings support PKC as a potential chemotherapy target in gastric cancer. Various approaches have been launched in directly targeting PKC for chemotherapy of gastric cancer. The macrocyclic lactone bryostatin-1 is a promising agent that acts as a modulator of PKC activity, and enhances the effect of chemotherapeutic agents such as paclitaxel. This article provides an overview of the findings to date regarding the physiological role of PKC in the gastric cell system by various pharmacological approaches and examines PKC as a target in gastric (adeno-)carcinoma chemotherapy.