gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Checkpoint Adaptation Precedes Spontaneous and Damage-Induced Genomic Instability in Yeast (2001)

Despite the fact that eukaryotic cells enlist checkpoints to block cell cycle progression when their DNA is damaged, cells still undergo frequent genetic rearrangements, both spontaneously and in response to genotoxic agents. We and others have previously characterized a phenomenon (adaptation) in which yeast cells that are arrested at a DNA damage checkpoint eventually override this arrest and reenter the cell cycle, despite the fact that they have not repaired the DNA damage that elicited the arrest. Here, we use mutants that are defective in checkpoint adaptation to show that adaptation is important for achieving the highest possible viability after exposure to DNA-damaging agents, but it also acts as an entrée into some forms of genomic instability. Specifically, the spontaneous and X-ray-induced frequencies of chromosome loss, translocations, and a repair process called break-induced replication occur at significantly reduced rates in adaptation-defective mutants. This indicates that these events occur after a cell has first arrested at the checkpoint and then adapted to that arrest. Because malignant progression frequently involves loss of genes that function in DNA repair, adaptation may promote tumorigenesis by allowing genomic instability to occur in the absence of repair.
Resident Education in Medical Errors (2010)

Background: A 2001 policy statement from the American College of Emergency Physicians encouraged "an effective and standardized system of medical error reporting for the purpose of aiding practitioners and institutions in efforts to improve safety."
REACTIONS OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH ORGANIC SUBSTRATES. IV. ISOPRENE (1966)

not available
FAST: an FPGA-based simulation testbed for ATM networks (2002)

Simulation of ATM switches and networks is a computationally demanding problem as compared to simulation of conventional packet-based networks, owing to the large number of cell events that need to be simulated in the former. To address this problem, we are developing a flexible hardware simulation testbed in the High-Speed Networks Laboratory at the University of California, Santa Cruz. The testbed, called FAST (FPGA-based ATM simulation testbed), uses high-density field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) to allow implementation of the key simulation components such as traffic generators, switching fabric, buffer management, traffic scheduling, congestion control mechanisms, and statistics recording in hardware. In the first version of the testbed (FAST-1), each board consists of 13 Altera FLEX devices (including 4 multichip modules), providing a total of 336,000 usable gates. Each board can be used to simulate an ATM switch. Multiple boards may be interconnected to simulate large ATM networks. Software tools are being developed for specifying the components of the underlying simulation model, such as the switch structure, traffic arrival process, traffic scheduling algorithm, and congestion control algorithm; synthesizing the specifications into the individual FPGAs; controlling and monitoring the simulation; and collecting and reporting statistics. The paper provides an overview of the architecture of the FAST-1 board, describes its key components, and discusses an example simulation of a traffic scheduling algorithm using the board.
Bovine Sperm Binding to Oviductal Epithelium Involves Fucose Recognition1 (1997)

Sperm binding to oviductal epithelium probably serves to form the isthmic sperm reservoir. This interaction of sperm and oviductal epithelium may involve species-specific carbohydrate recognition. We tested a series of carbohydrates and glycoproteins for inhibition of bovine sperm binding to oviductal epithelium in vitro. Explants of isthmic and ampullar epithelium were obtained from oviducts that had been surgically removed from preovulatory heifers. The explants were incubated (39 degrees C, 5% CO2) with fetuin, asialofetuin, ovalbumin, fucoidan, fucose, N-acetyl glucosamine, or N-acetyl glucosamine sulfate dissolved in a modified Tyrode's balanced salt solution, termed sperm-TALP (pH 7.4, 295 mOsm) for 10 min before frozen-thawed motile sperm obtained by swim-up were added. After 15 min, the explants were rinsed, and sperm binding density was evaluated. Oviductal explants treated with fucoidan (3 mg/ml; p < 0.001, n = 5) or fucose (31 mM, p < 0.01, n = 6) had reduced densities of bound sperm compared to the controls. Incubation of explants in increasing concentrations of fucose (4-62 mM) resulted in increased inhibition of sperm binding. Pretreating explants with fucosidase also reduced sperm binding (p < 0.001, n = 3) compared to that in controls containing the fucosidase inhibitor deoxyfuconojirimycin. The presence of fucosylated molecules on the surface of the oviductal epithelium was confirmed by labeling with fucose lectins from Ulex europeus and Lotus tetragonolobus. We conclude that fucose is involved in a specific interaction between bovine sperm and oviductal epithelium.
Over 31.5 dB dynamic range optical fiber line testing system with optical fiber fault isolation function for 32-branched PON (2003)

We describe a prototype optical fiber line testing system based an H-OTDR and optical filters using fiber Bragg grating technologies for a PON with a dynamic range of over 31.5 dB that can isolate fiber faults in a PON with a 32-branch splitter.
Current development and future prospects in chemotherapy of tuberculosis (2010)

Although treatment of drug-susceptible tuberculosis (TB) under ideal conditions may be successful in >or=95% of cases, cure rates in the field are often significantly lower due to the logistical challenges of administering and properly supervising the intake of combination chemotherapy for 6-9 months. Success rates are far worse for multidrug-resistant and extensively drug-resistant TB cases. There is general agreement that new anti-TB drugs are needed to shorten or otherwise simplify treatment for drug-susceptible and multidrug-resistant/extensively drug-resistant-TB, including TB associated with HIV infection. For the first time in over 40 years, a nascent pipeline of new anti-TB drug candidates has been assembled. Eleven candidates from seven classes are currently being evaluated in clinical trials. They include novel chemical entities belonging to entirely new classes of antibacterials, agents approved for use against infections other than TB, and an agent already approved for limited use against TB. In this article, we review the current state of TB treatment and its limitations and provide updates on the status of new drugs in clinical trials. In the conclusion, we briefly highlight ongoing efforts to discover new compounds and recent advances in alternative drug delivery systems.
A practical method to counteract denial of service attacks (2003)

Today distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks are causing major problems to conduct online business over the Internet. Recently several schemes have been proposed on how to prevent some of these attacks, but they suffer from a range of problems, some of them being impractical and others not being effective against these attacks. In this paper, we propose a Controller-Agent model that would greatly minimize DDoS attacks on Internet. With a new packet marking technique and agent design our scheme is able to identify the approximate source of attack (nearest router) with a single packet even in case of attack with spoofed source addresses. Our scheme is invoked only during attack times, is able to process the victims traffic separately without disturbing other traffic, is able to establish different attack signatures for different attacking sources, can prevent the attack traffic at the nearest router to the attacking system, has fast response time, is simple in its implementation and can be incrementally deployed. Hence we believe that the scheme proposed in this paper seems to be a promising approach to prevent distributed denial of service attacks
2500-V 600-a gate turn-off thyristor (GTO) (1981)

GTO self-turn-off capability provides an advantage over an ordinary thyistor, because of forced commutation circuit removal upon inverter and chopper application, thus substantially reducing equipment size, weight, and mechanical noise. A series of high-power GTO's has been developed, with the present 2500-V-600-A unit as its peak. The most essential design problem for this unit is to establish a principle for increasing maximum gate turn-off current (I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ATO</inf> ), while keeping overall thyristor characteristics in reasonable balance. High I <inf xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">ATO</inf> was attained by decreasing p-base sheet resistance, as well as decreasing n-emitter finger width. Excellent thyristor characteristics were obtained by adopting a low acceptor concentration near the cathode-gate junction. From a device process point of view, introducing a phosphorus redeposition annealing increased carrier lifetime in the p base to a sufficiently high level. This process contributed most strikingly to improving the off-state voltage.
Recent Advances in Molecular Mechanisms of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation (2008)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is an increasingly common clinical condition with fatal implications. It is associated with advanced age, male gender, cigarette smoking, atherosclerosis, hypertension, and genetic predisposition. Although significant evidence has emerged in the last decade, the molecular mechanisms of AAA formation remain poorly understood. Currently, the treatment for AAA remains primarily surgical with the lone innovation of endovascular therapy. With advances in the human genome, understanding precisely which molecules and genes mediate AAA development and blocking their activity at the molecular level could lead to important new discoveries and therapies. This review summarizes recent updates in molecular mechanisms of AAA formation, including animal models, autoimmune components, infection, key molecules and cytokines, mechanical forces, genetics, and pharmacotherapy. This review will be helpful to those who want to recognize the newest endeavors within the field and identify possible lines of investigation in AAA.
Role of the chaperonin cofactor Hsp10 in protein folding and sorting in yeast mitochondria. (1994)

Protein folding in mitochondria is mediated by the chaperonin Hsp60, the homologue of E. coli GroEL. Mitochondria also contain a homologue of the cochaperonin GroES, called Hsp10, which is a functional regulator of the chaperonin. To define the in vivo role of the co-chaperonin, we have used the genetic and biochemical potential of the yeast S. cerevisiae. The HSP10 gene was cloned and sequenced and temperature-sensitive lethal hsp10 mutants were generated. Our results identify Hsp10 as an essential component of the mitochondrial protein folding apparatus, participating in various aspects of Hsp60 function. Hsp10 is required for the folding and assembly of proteins imported into the matrix compartment, and is involved in the sorting of certain proteins, such as the Rieske Fe/S protein, passing through the matrix en route to the intermembrane space. The folding of the precursor of cytosolic dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR), imported into mitochondria as a fusion protein, is apparently independent of Hsp10 function consistent with observations made for the chaperonin-mediated folding of DHFR in vitro. The temperature-sensitive mutations in Hsp10 map to a domain (residues 25-40) that corresponds to a previously identified mobile loop region of bacterial GroES and result in a reduced binding affinity of hsp10 for the chaperonin at the non-permissive temperature.
A general E-pulse scheme arising from the dual early-time/late-time behavior of radar scatterers (1994)

A duality between the temporal late-time response and the spectral early-time response of a radar target is used to form the basis for a general E-pulse technique. Examples, using the ultrawide-band measurements of an aircraft model, reveal that E-pulse cancellation is possible both in the time domain for the late-time component and in the frequency domain for the early-time component. Applications to radar target discrimination and clutter cancellation are described, and the aspect dependence of early-time discrimination is investigated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Spinal Cord Neuronal Pathology in Multiple Sclerosis (2008)

The objective of this study was to assess neuronal pathology in the spinal cord in multiple sclerosis (MS), both within myelinated and demyelinated tissue. Autopsy material was obtained from 38 MS cases and 21 controls. Transverse sections were taken from three spinal cord levels and stained using Luxol Fast Blue/Cresyl Violet and myelin protein immunohistochemistry. Measurements of neuronal number and size were made for all neurons within the anterior horns of the gray matter. Neurons were classified as motoneurons or interneurons according to size criteria. In comparison with controls, both motoneuron and interneuron number were reduced in MS cases at the upper cervical (interneuron P = 0.0549; motoneuron P = 0.0073) and upper thoracic (interneuron P = 0.0507; motoneuron P = 0.0144), but not the lumbar level. Interneuron cross-sectional area was reduced in MS cases at all levels (upper cervical, P = 0.0000; upper thoracic, P = 0.0002; lumbar, P = 0.0337). Neuronal loss appears to be predominantly related to local gray matter plaques, whereas interneuron atrophy occurs in both myelinated and demyelinated areas.
Relationship of thermoelectricity to electronic entropy (1984)

It is shown that ${S}_{X}$, the partial molal entropy of electrons in material $X$, is given by ${S}_{X}=\ensuremath{-}F{\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{X}$, where $F$ is Faraday's constant and ${\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{X}$ the absolute thermoelectric power of $X$. This result depends on three propositions. (1) The Kelvin relations are valid for all thermoelectric materials. (2) Under isothermal conditions, the Peltier effect is truly reversible. (3) For a degenerate free-electron Fermi gas, the thermoelectric power is proportional to the entropy.
Digital spiking neuron cells for real-time reconfigurable learning networks (2017)

The high level of realism of spiking neuron networks and their complexity require a substantial computational resources limiting the size of the realized networks. Consequently, the main challenge in building complex and biologically-accurate spiking neuron network is largely set by the high computational and data transfer demands. In this paper, we implement several efficient models of the spiking neurons with characteristics such as axon conduction delays and spike timing-dependent plasticity. Experimental results indicate that the proposed real-time data-flow learning network architecture allows the capacity of over 2800 (depending on the model complexity) biophysically accurate neurons in a single FPGA device.
농촌거주 국제결혼한 한국인 남성의 음주와 결혼 안정성: 의사소통과 사회적 지지의 매개효과 (2010)

Purpose: This study was designed to identify whether alcohol use predicts marital stability and to investigate the mediating effects of marital communication and social support in international married Korean men who lived in a rural area. Methods: The participants were 200 of the international married men. The data were collected during June, 2010. The instruments were Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT), Marital Instability (MI), Marital Communication (MC), Social Support (SS). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation coefficients, and stepwise multiple regression, Results: The mean score for AUDIT was 9.6, and alcohol use was negatively correlated with marital stability, marital communication and social support. We also found that marital communication fully mediated the association between alcohol use and marital stability, while social support did not mediate this association. Conclusion: The outcomes of this study indicates a need to develop intervention strategies and education programs that include emphasis on moderate drinking and communication skills for couples in international marriages.
Embedded passive nano-liter micropump for sweat collection and analysis (2018)

This paper presents a method to integrate biocompatible passive microfluidic systems within a sensing platform to allow continuous analysis of sweat in a wearable microsystem. The technology is promising for miniaturization of systems to enable access to biochemical information at the surface of human skin. The microfluidics are originally designed to work with ultra-low volumes of liquid to enable sweat analysis at any physiological situation (during intense physical activity or when at rest). Flow rates vary from 10s to 100s of pico-liters per second which can be adjusted by design. Capillary forces are used to move the liquid inside the microchannels in order to avoid power consumption. The SU8-based process is compatible with standard semiconductor techniques making it scalable, and suitable for integration with different sensing technologies. In this work, the microfluidic devices have been designed and integrated on top of ISFET devices.
Manual of Applied Field Hydrogeology (2001)

Field Hydrogeology. The Geology of Hydrogeology. Aquifer Properties. Basic Geophysics of the Shallow Subsurface. Groundwater Flow. Groundwater/surface-Water Interaction. Water Chemistry Sampling and Results. Drilling and Well Completion. Pumping Tests. Aquifer Hydraulics. Slug Testing. Vadose Zone. Tracer Test.
Zinc Is a Potent Inhibitor of Thiol Oxidoreductase Activity and Stimulates Reactive Oxygen Species Production by Lipoamide Dehydrogenase (2002)

Submicromolar zinc inhibits alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent mitochondrial respiration. This was attributed to inhibition of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex (Brown, A. M., Kristal, B. S., Effron, M. S., Shestopalov, A. I., Ullucci, P. A., Sheu, K.-F. R., Blass, J. P., and Cooper, A. J. L. (2000) J. Biol. Chem. 275, 13441-13447). Lipoamide dehydrogenase, a component of the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase complex and two other mitochondrial complexes, catalyzes the transfer of reducing equivalents from the bound dihydrolipoate of the neighboring dihydrolipoamide acyltransferase subunit to NAD(+). This reversible reaction involves two reaction centers: a thiol pair, which accepts electrons from dihydrolipoate, and a non-covalently bound FAD moiety, which transfers electrons to NAD(+). The lipoamide dehydrogenase reaction catalyzed by the purified pig heart enzyme is strongly inhibited by Zn(2+) (K(i) approximately 0.15 microm) in both directions. Steady-state kinetic studies revealed that Zn(2+) competes with oxidized lipoamide for the two-electron-reduced enzyme. Interaction of Zn(2+) with the two-electron-reduced enzyme was directly detected in anaerobic stopped-flow experiments. Lipoamide dehydrogenase also catalyzes NADH oxidation by oxygen, yielding hydrogen peroxide as the major product and superoxide radical as a minor product. Zn(2+) accelerates the oxidase reaction up to 5-fold with an activation constant of 0.09 +/- 0.02 microm. Activation is a consequence of Zn(2+) binding to the reduced catalytic thiols, which prevents delocalization of the reducing equivalents between catalytic disulfide and FAD. A kinetic scheme that satisfactorily describes the observed effects has been developed and applied to determine a number of enzyme kinetic parameters in the oxidase reaction. The distinct effects of Zn(2+) on different LADH activities represent a novel example of a reversible switch in enzyme specificity that is modulated by metal ion binding. These results suggest that Zn(2+) can interfere with mitochondrial antioxidant production and may also stimulate production of reactive oxygen species by a novel mechanism.
Impact of content storage and retrieval mechanisms on the performance of Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networks (2010)

Vehicular Delay-Tolerant Networking (VDTN) is a new disruptive network architecture based on the concept of delay tolerant networks (DTNs). VDTNs handle non-real time applications using vehicles to carry messages on their buffers, relaying them only when a proper contact opportunity occurs. Therefore, the network performance is directly affected by the storage capacity and message retrieving of intermediate nodes. This paper proposes a suitable content storage and retrieval (CSR) mechanism for VDTN networks. This CSR solution adds additional information on control labels of the setup message associated to the corresponding data bundle (aggregated traffic) that defines and applies caching and forwarding restrictions on network traffic (data bundles). Furthermore, this work presents a performance analysis and evaluation of CSR mechanisms over a VDTN application scenario, using a VDTN testbed. This work presents the comparison of the network behavior and performance using two DTN routing protocols, Epidemic and Spray and Wait, with and without CSR mechanisms. The results show that CSR mechanisms improve the performance of VDTN networks significantly.
Simple and Complex pH Oscillations and Bistability in the Phenol-Perturbed Bromite-Hydroxylamine Reaction (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSimple and Complex pH Oscillations and Bistability in the Phenol-Perturbed Bromite-Hydroxylamine ReactionMiklos Orban and Irving R. EpsteinCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 11, 2930–2935Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100062a032https://doi.org/10.1021/j100062a032research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views74Altmetric-Citations6LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts