gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Chemokine gene expression and secretion by cytokine-activated human microvascular endothelial cells. Differential regulation of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and interleukin-8 in response to interferon-gamma. (1994)

The elicitation of leukocytes from the circulation to inflamed tissue depends on the activation of both the leukocyte and endothelial cell. In this study we determined the gene expression and secretion patterns for the chemokines interleukin-8 (IL-8) and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) in cytokine- and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated cultured human lung microvascular endothelial cells (HLE). HLE constitutively expressed low levels of MCP-1 and IL-8. Treatment of HLE with a variety of cytokines and LPS up-regulated both IL-8 mRNA expression and release of immunoreactive IL-8 with an order of potency tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) >> IL-1 alpha > LPS, whereas interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) had no effect on IL-8 mRNA or antigenic levels. However, IFN-gamma, in combination with high doses of IL-1 alpha, resulted in a synergistic increase in IL-8 generation. MCP-1 gene expression and secretion was induced in a dose-dependent manner after IL-1 alpha, TNF-alpha, IFN-gamma, and LPS activation of HLE. IL-1 alpha was the most potent inducer of MCP-1 generation and LPS was relatively ineffective. IFN-gamma, in combination with low doses of IL-1 alpha, resulted in a synergistic increase in MCP-1 generation by HLE. These results demonstrate that although IL-8 and MCP-1 generation by HLE occurs on cytokine treatment, the relative ability of a given cytokine to elicit IL-8 generation is not directly parallel to effects on MCP-1 generation. These data suggest that the regulation of IL-8 and MCP-1 expression exhibit significant differences in their mechanisms. Such differences in the expression of specific chemokines may explain the specific appearance of various leukocytes at sites of inflammation and injury. These data also directly demonstrate that the lung microvascular endothelium contribute to the cytokine network of the lung, with the ability to respond to locally generated cytokines and to produce potent mediators of the local inflammatory response.
Sutureless Amniotic Membrane Transplantation for Severe Bacterial Keratitis (2009)

Temporary sutureless amniotic membrane transplantation via ProKera allows easy insertion and replacement of the membrane in the office, as well as early intervention to promote epithelialization, reduce pain, haze and inflammation in cases with severe bacterial keratitis. This result justifies large series controlled studies in the future.
Electronic And Nonlinear Optical Properties Of Polyarylene Vinylenes And Related Conjugated Systems (1988)

We evaluate at the ab initio level the electronic and geometric structures and the microscopic electrical polarizabilities of polyarylene vinylene compounds such as polyparaphenylene vinylene, polythiophene vinylene, and polypyrrole vinylene. Related fused-ring structures based on isothianaphthene and thieno[3,4-c]thiophene and their vinylene derivatives, are also investigated.
Limitations of adversarial robustness: strong No Free Lunch Theorem. (2018)

This manuscript presents some new impossibility results on adversarial robustness in machine learning, a very important yet largely open problem. We show that if conditioned on a class label the data distribution satisfies the $W_2$ Talagrand transportation-cost inequality (for example, this condition is satisfied if the conditional distribution has density which is log-concave; is the uniform measure on a compact Riemannian manifold with positive Ricci curvature, any classifier can be adversarially fooled with high probability once the perturbations are slightly greater than the natural noise level in the problem. We call this result The Strong No Free Lunch Theorem as some recent results (Tsipras et al. 2018, Fawzi et al. 2018, etc.) on the subject can be immediately recovered as very particular cases. Our theoretical bounds are demonstrated on both simulated and real data (MNIST). We conclude the manuscript with some speculation on possible future research directions.
Phospholipid Bilayers: Physical Principles and Models (1987)

Bilayer Properties Self-Assembly Lipid Hydration Surface Electrostatics Hydrated Surfaces in Ionic Solutions Solute - Bilayer Interactions, Binding and Transport Interbilayer Forces, Aggregation and Fusion Bilayer Phase Transitions Chain Rotational Isomerism Bilayer Models Fluid Phase Elasticity Lateral Phase Separation Non-Bilayer Phases Index.
FPGA-based radix-4 butterflies for HIPERLAN/2 (2003)

This paper presents two different FPGA-implementation of radix-4 butterflies suitable for HIPERLAN 2. The two approaches lead to an efficient use of the hardware resources available in the target device and reduces the area with respect to the direct implementation of the radix-4 butterfly. Both methods reduce the area required storing the coefficients. The first one uses the symmetries of coefficients for reducing the number of functions to store; the second one takes advantage of the dual-port capability of the embedded block-RAM.
A Convenient Multicamera Self-Calibration for Virtual Environments (2005)

Virtual immersive environments or telepresence setups often consist of multiple cameras that have to be calibrated. We present a convenient method for doing this. The minimum is three cameras, but there is no upper limit. The method is fully automatic and a freely moving bright spot is the only calibration object. A set of virtual 3D points is made by waving the bright spot through the working volume. Its projections are found with subpixel precision and verified by a robust RANSAC analysis. The cameras do not have to see all points; only reasonable overlap between camera subgroups is necessary. Projective structures are computed via rank-4 factorization and the Euclidean stratification is done by imposing geometric constraints. This linear estimate initializes a postprocessing computation of nonlinear distortion, which is also fully automatic. We suggest a trick on how to use a very ordinary laser pointer as the calibration object. We show that it is possible to calibrate an immersive virtual environment with 16 cameras in less than 60 minutes reaching about 1/5 pixel reprojection error. The method has been successfully tested on numerous multicamera environments using varying numbers of cameras of varying quality.
Cyclocondensation Reactions of Heterocyclic Carbonyl Compounds IX* Synthesis of some derivatives of 6,7,8-trimethoxy- (1,2,4)triazino[2.3-a]benzimidazole (2004)

Article Cyclocondensation Reactions of Heterocyclic Carbonyl Compounds IX* Synthesis of some derivatives of 6,7,8-trimethoxy- (1,2,4)triazino[2.3-a]benzimidazole was published on February 1, 2004 in the journal Heterocyclic Communications (volume 10, issue 1).
How does the application of different nitrification inhibitors affect nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate leaching from cow urine in grazed pastures? (2011)

Abstract Nitrous oxide (N 2 O) is a potent greenhouse gas, and nitrate ( ) is a water contaminant. In grazed grassland, the major source of both leaching and N 2 O emissions is nitrogen (N) deposited in animal excreta, particularly in the urine. The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of two nitrification inhibitors: (i) a solution of dicyandiamide (DCD) and (ii) a liquid formulation of 3,4‐dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) for reducing N 2 O emissions and leaching from urine patch areas in two grazed pasture soils under different environmental conditions. In the Canterbury Templeton soil, the nitrification rate of ammonium from the animal urine applied at 1000 kg N/ha was significantly decreased by the application of DCD (10 kg/ha) and DMPP (5 kg/ha). N 2 O emissions, measured over a 3‐month period, from dairy cow urine applied to the Canterbury Templeton soil were 1.14 kg N 2 O‐N/ha, and this was reduced to 0.43 and 0.39 kg N 2 O‐N/ha by DCD and the liquid DMPP, respectively. These are equivalent to 62–66% reductions in the total N 2 O emissions. Nitrate leaching losses from dairy cow urine applied to the Waikato Horotiu soil lysimeters were reduced from 628.6 kg ‐N/ha to 400.6 and 451.5 kg ‐N/ha by the application of DCD (10 kg/ha) or DMPP (1 kg/ha), respectively. There was no significant difference between the DCD solution and the liquid DMPP in terms of their effectiveness in reducing N 2 O emissions or leaching under the experimental conditions of this study. These results suggest that both the liquid formulations of DCD and DMPP have the potential to be used as nitrification inhibitors to reduce N 2 O emissions and leaching in grazed pasture soils.
Open Air Deposition of SiO<sub>2</sub> Films by an Atmospheric Pressure Line‐Shaped Plasma (2005)

Abstract Summary: A line‐shaped atmospheric pressure filamentary plasma is developed to carry out the open air deposition of silicon oxide films from N 2 /hexamethyldisoxane (HMDSO) mixtures with/without adding oxygen. FT‐IR, XPS, SEM, and ellipsometry were used to analyse the samples. It is found that the deposited films present mainly inorganic characteristics even without an oxygen admixture in the open air system. Smooth, continuous, and uniform films can be formed at relatively low monomer content. By increasing the monomer content for a fixed power density or oxygen in the input gases, the deposition rates increase and then show a plateau, suggesting that there exists saturation values for the deposition rates corresponding to the monomer and oxygen content. By the comparison of films deposited in the open air device and in a controlled nitrogen atmosphere in the same device, the important role of the oxygen in the open air reactor has been shown. This study exhibits a potential of open air deposition at atmospheric pressure to form SiO 2 films for large‐scale deposition. An FT‐IR spectrum of an SiO x film deposited in open air without adding any oxygen to the discharge. magnified image An FT‐IR spectrum of an SiO x film deposited in open air without adding any oxygen to the discharge.
Rubber Chemicals from Cyclic Amines. I. Preparation of Dithioamines, Derivatives of Dithiocarbamates and Thiazolethiols, and Related Compounds (1968)

Abstract The synthesis of dithioamines, derivatives of dithiocarbamates and thiazolethiols and related compounds derived from cyclic amines is reported. Novel or alternate methods for the preparation of 2-benzothiazolyl disubstituted dithiocarbamates and 2-(iminodithio)-benzothiazoles along with their possible mechanisms are discussed.
Comparison of Six Cropping Systems for Yellow Nutsedge (<i>Cyperus esculentus</i>) Control (1983)

Six cropping/weed control systems were evaluated from 1978 to 1980 for the control of yellow nutsedge ( Cyperus esculentus L.). Supplementing cultivation of cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L. ‘Acala SJ-2′) with either preplant applications of fluridone {1 - methyl - 3 - phenyl - 5 - [3 - (trifluoromethyl)phenyl] -4(1 H -pyridinone} or two hoeings for 2 yr preceding cotton treated with DSMA (disodium methanearsonate) and MSMA (monosodium methanearsonate) reduced populations of viable yellow nutsedge tubers 98 to 99% within 3 yr. Dry- or wet - fallowing plus tillage after barley ( Hordeum vulgare L. ‘Kombyne’), and double cropping potatoes ( Solanum tuberosum L. ‘White Rose’) treated with EPTC ( S -ethyl dipropylthiocarbamate) with soybeans [ Glycine max (L.) Merr. ‘Williams’] treated with alachlor [2-chloro - 2′, 6’ - diethyl - N - (methoxymethyl)acetanilide] for 2 yr preceding cotton, reduced populations of tubers 98 to 99% within 3 yr. A similar reduction of tubers (97%) was obtained by double cropping potatoes with milo [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. ‘NK- 265′] for 2 yr preceding cotton.
The chaos cookbook: a practical programming guide (1993)

Introduction What it Does? Interactive functions, Differential equations The Lorenz equation Strange attractors Predictability the fractal link The mandlebrot set Julia sets L systems and fractal forests Fractal landscapes IFS and the collage, The Ovem. Cellular automata Artificial life An overview of complexity Some real life chaotic systems Appendix Bibliography.
Early Infliximab Trough Levels Are Associated with Persistent Remission in Pediatric Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2014)

Both IFX levels and CRP at week 14 were significantly associated with week 54 efficacy. A model combining both CRP and IFX at week 14 may help predict remission at week 54.
Stabilization of Colloidal Suspensions by Means of Highly Charged Nanoparticles (2004)

We employ a novel Monte Carlo simulation scheme to elucidate the stabilization of neutral colloidal microspheres by means of highly charged nanoparticles [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 98, 8950 (2001))]]. In accordance with the experimental observations, we find that small nanoparticle concentrations induce an effective repulsion that prevents gelation caused by the intrinsic van der Waals attraction between colloids. Higher nanoparticle concentrations induce an attractive potential which is, however, qualitatively different from the regular depletion attraction. We also show how colloid-nanoparticle size asymmetry and nanoparticle charge can be used to manipulate the effective interactions.
A comprehensive behavioral evaluation in the lithium–pilocarpine model in rats: Effects of carisbamate administration during status epilepticus (2013)

Carisbamate treatment leading to absence-like instead of temporal lobe seizures impressively prevented behavioral comorbidities reported by patients with epilepsy as the most disabling.
An Iterative Scheme to Reduce Influence of Impulse Noise in OFDM Transmission (2007)

In OFDM transmission, performance is degraded by the existence of time domain impulse noise because this noise has very wide bandwidth, and it affects all the carriers in the OFDM signal. Especially, the influence of impulse noise with large amplitude cause severe degradation. In this paper, a scheme that iteratively reduces the influence of impulse noise is proposed. In the proposed scheme, the symbols after decision are re-modulated to generate a time domain OFDM signal to replace the samples that are degraded by the impulse noise in the time domain. The time domain OFDM signal is demodulated again after the influence of the impulse noise is reduced. Moreover, By repeating this procedure iteratively changing the threshold value, further improvement is achieved.
General Heterogeneous Radial and Linear Models for Well Test Analysis (1995)

Abstract This paper presents a new analytical method for an exact solu-tion of the presure transient problems for general radial and linear models with heterogeneities. In these models, the stora-tivity and the transmissivity coefficients are considered functions of the distance from the well. The solution method is based on special transformation of variables which reduces the problem to a diffusivity equation with constant coefficients. This equation is then solved in the Laplace transform domain and the solution is inverted into the real time domain by the Stehfest algorithm. The solution method allows both continuous variation as well as discontinuities of the rock and fluid properties. The new solution algorithm reproduces exactly all known exact solutions for specific variation of properties including the multicomposite radial and linear model solutions.
Managing dynamic memory allocations in a cloud through Golondrina (2010)

In this paper, we present a policy-based framework that supports automated dynamic resource management in a virtualized environment. This allows for flexibility in how resources are allocated. We show how this framework can be used to support memory management through the use of migration and making local resource adjustments.
Joining the in vitro immunization of alpaca lymphocytes and phage display: rapid and cost effective pipeline for sdAb synthesis (2017)

A proposed pipeline has potential to reduce the cost substantially required for maintenance of camelid herd for active immunization. Furthermore, in vitro immunization can be achieved within a week to enrich mRNA copies encoding antigen-specific sdAbs in B cell. This rapid and cost effective pipeline can help researchers to develop efficiently sdAb for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes.
QoS in grid computing (2004)

Grid computing is already a mainstream paradigm for resource-intensive scientific applications, but it also promises to become the future model for enterprise applications. The grid enables resource sharing and dynamic allocation of computational resources, thus increasing access to distributed data, promoting operational flexibility and collaboration, and allowing service providers to scale efficiently to meet variable demands. Large-scale grids are complex systems composed of thousands of components from disjoined domains. Planning the capacity to guarantee quality of service (QoS) in such environments is a challenge because global service-level agreements (SLAs) depend on local SLAs. We provide a motivating example for grid computing in an enterprise environment and then discuss the how resource allocation affects SLAs.
Predictors reflecting the pathological severity of non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: Comprehensive study of clinical and immunohistochemical findings in younger Asian patients (2006)

BMI could be used to distinguish NASH from steatosis in younger Korean patients. A high BMI with a low alanine aminotransferase (ALT) value tended to suggest the presence of severe fibrosis in NASH, while the number of CD68+ Kupffer cells and the staining intensity of TNF-alpha and UCP-2 were correlated with general pathologic severity in patients with NAFLD.
NRC Pledges Faster Delivery on Reports to Government (1995)

Now that Congress has abolished its Office of Technology Assessment, can the National Academy of Sciences fill the gap? Only if it provides more timely reports geared to the needs of Congress and government agencies. It is trying to do just that.
A Novel Micromechanical Temperature Memory Sensor (2005)

A novel, microfabricated silicon device capable of recording extreme hot and cold temperature exposures without a need for electrical power is presented. The device functions as a mechanically-induced, one-bit memory cell that utilizes the bimetallic effect in a latching mechanism consisting of two cantilever beams that overlap each other near the tips. Devices were fabricated using silicon micromachining and were tested as a function of temperature. A finite element model of the device was developed and simulations are shown to agree with test results.
Fourth-order cartesian tensors: old and new facts, notions and applications (2008)

Fourth-order tensors can be represented in many different ways.For instance, they can be represented as multilinear maps or multilinear forms.It is also possible to describe a fourth-order tensor in a given vector space by a second-order tensor but in another vector space with higher dimension.Such a representation makes the manipulation of fourth-order tensors similar to that of the more familiar second-order tensors.In this paper, we use these three descriptions to discuss the different symmetries of fourth-order tensors, to present the algebra of the space of fourth-order symmetric tensors and to describe different metrics on this space.Isotropic tensors and orientation tensors are presented using these different representations of fourth-order tensors.Applications to elasticity and high angular resolution diffusion imaging are discussed.Finally, we present a systematic and consistent approach to finding the tensor of an even order that best fits in some sense a tensor of higher even order.
New Coupling and Cohesion Metrics for Evaluation of Software Component Reusability (2008)

An account of new measure of coupling and cohesion developed to assess the reusability of Java components is proposed in this paper. These measures differ from the majority of established metrics in two respects: they reflect the degree to which entities are coupled or resemble each other, and they take account of indirect couplings or similarities. An empirical comparison of the new measures with eight established metrics is described. The new measures are shown to be consistently superior at measuring component reusability.
Studies on the promoting effects of medium chain fatty acid salts on the nasal absorption of insulin in rats. (1987)

We investigated the promoting effect of medium chain fatty acid salts such as sodium caprylate, sodium caprate (Na C10) and sodium laurate on rat nasal absorption of insulin. Further, we studied the possible mechanism of the absorption promoting effect by fatty acid salts in terms of hemolytic activity, osmotic pressure, chelating effect and inhibition of leucine aminopeptidase activity. Na C10 exhibited the strongest absorption promoting effect on insulin among these fatty acid salts. The promoting effect of Na C10 was very rapid reaching the maximum immunoreactive insulin level within 5 min and its optimum concentration was about 1%. The amount of insulin absorbed after a nasal administration with Na C10 was about 98% of one half subcutaneous dose. The absorption promoting effect of fatty acid salts on insulin was at least in part associated with the chelating ability for calcium ions and the inhibitory action on leucine aminopeptidase activity.
Transmission, reservoir hosts and control of zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (2009)

Zoonotic visceral leishmaniasis (ZVL) caused by Leishmania infantum is an important disease of humans and dogs. Here we review aspects of the transmission and control of ZVL. Whilst there is clear evidence that ZVL is maintained by sandfly transmission, transmission may also occur by non-sandfly routes, such as congenital and sexual transmission. Dogs are the only confirmed primary reservoir of infection. Meta-analysis of dog studies confirms that infectiousness is higher in symptomatic infection; infectiousness is also higher in European than South American studies. A high prevalence of infection has been reported from an increasing number of domestic and wild mammals; updated host ranges are provided. The crab-eating fox Cerdocyon thous, opossums Didelphis spp., domestic cat Felis cattus, black rat Rattus rattus and humans can infect sandflies, but confirmation of these hosts as primary or secondary reservoirs requires further xenodiagnosis studies at the population level. Thus the putative sylvatic reservoir(s) of ZVL remains unknown. Review of intervention studies examining the effectiveness of current control methods highlights the lack of randomized controlled trials of both dog culling and residual insecticide spraying. Topical insecticides (deltamethrin-impregnated collars and pour-ons) have been shown to provide a high level of individual protection to treated dogs, but further community-level studies are needed.