gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
3-D Reconstruction of Porous Media and Rock Characterization (2016)

Abstract The transport and elastic properties of a rock are functions of the pore size distribution, geometry and morphology. Due to limited availability of 3-D micro-structure images of rocks, several attempts to theoretically model the behavior of rocks have been made. However, all such methods have limitations. In addition, 3-D micro-structure images of rocks, even if available, represent only a small volume of the rock, and the predictions of macroscale properties based on them are uncertain. In this study, a new stochastic method to reconstruct a 3-D model for the rock using only a 2-D section of the imaged rock sample is proposed. The proposed method is a combination of a multiple point statistics simulation, gradual deformation of images, and calculation of transport and elastic properties. The first step is to generate multiple independent realizations by performing multiple-point statistics based stochastic simulations. These simulations represent independent 2-D scans through the rock volume. Next, a succession of images is generated spanning two adjacent independent sections. These images are generated so as to gradually morph features from one section to those in the next independent section. These 2-D images are then stacked together to reconstruct the 3-D image. After reconstruction, transport and elastic properties of the reconstructed image are computed. For a test case for which the measured rock properties are available, the results obtained using the reconstructed image reveal that the calculated properties are close to the measured values. Finally, we generated multiple realizations with different porosity values, where the shape of pores and grains are preserved. We studied the sensitivity of the elastic properties to the porosity of the samples. The results provide insights on the effect of cementation or increased overburden pressure on flow and mechanical properties of rocks.
Natural limits for harmonic and superharmonic functions (1976)

In this paper it is shown that Fatou’s theorem holds for superharmonic functions in certain Liapunov domains if mean continuous limits are used in place of nontangential limits for which Fatou’s theorem fails. Also, existence of mean continuous limits is established for certain semi-linear elliptic equations in Liapunov domains.
Corpus based very low bit rate speech coding (2003)

This paper presents a new very low bit rate segmental speech coding approach applying speech recognition in the coder and corpus based speech synthesis in the decoder. The system uses a large corpus of speech signals that is searched to find a speech segment similar to the segment to be coded. The elementary acoustical units for recognition and synthesis are determined automatically by an unsupervised training method. This approach is an alternative to using phoneme-derived linguistic units. Very good results are obtained at an average bit rate of 400 bits/second for a corpus of about 1 hour of speech. We present an efficient method for finding the best synthesis unit taking into account the good concatenation of successive segments. The proposed organization of the speech segments in the corpus allows a very efficient search of the best unit.
Les Maîtres de l’Orge: The Proteome Content of Your Beer Mug (2010)

The beer proteome has been evaluated via prior capture with combinatorial peptide ligand libraries (ProteoMiner as well as a homemade library of reduced polydispersity) at three different pH (4.0, 7.0, and 9.3) values. Via mass spectrometry analysis of the recovered fractions, after elution of the captured populations in 4% boiling SDS, we could categorize such species in 20 different barley protein families and 2 maize proteins, the only ones that had survived the brewing process (the most abundant ones being Z-serpins and lipid transfer proteins). In addition to those, we could identify 40 unique gene products from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, one from S. bayanus and one from S. pastorianus as routinely used in the malting process for lager beer. These latter species must represent trace components, as in previous proteome investigations barely two such yeast proteins could be detected. Our protocol permits handling of very large beer volumes (liters, if needed) in a very simple and user-friendly manner and in a much reduced sample handling time. The knowledge of the residual proteome in beers might help brewers in selecting proper proteinaceous components that might enrich beer flavor and texture.
QoS Aware Query Processing Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks (2008)

In sensor networks, continuous query is commonly used for collecting periodical data from the objects under monitoring. This sort of queries needs to be carefully designed, in order to minimize the power consumption and maximize the lifetime of the sensor nodes. Data reduction techniques can be employed to decrease the size and frequency of data to be transferred in the network, and therefore save energy. This paper presents a novel method for optimizing sliding window based continuous queries. In particular, we deal with two categories of aggregation operations: stepwise aggregation (e.g. MAX, MIN, SUM, COUNT, AVERAGE, etc.) and direct aggregation (e.g. MEDIAN). Our approach is, by using packet merging or compression techniques, to reduce the data size to the best extent, so that the total performance is optimal. A QoS weight item is specified together with a query, in which the importance of the four factors, power, delay, accuracy and error rate can be expressed. Then an optimal query plan can be obtained by studying all the factors simultaneously, leading to the minimum cost. System models for energy and time consumptions of communication are created. Problem is formalized and algorithm is described in detail. Finally, experiments are conducted to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Separation Properties for Oligosaccharides of Nanofiltration Membranes and Its Application to a Purification Process of Jerusalem Artichoke Oligosaccharides. (1997)

膜分離技術を用いたオリゴ糖精製プロセスの構築を目的として,NF膜のオリゴ糖分画特性を評価し,キクイモオリゴ糖抽出液の透過を行った.1) NF膜の純水透過係数はG5,G10,G20,G50の順に大きくなり,同一オリゴ糖に対する見かけの阻止率はG5,G10,G20,G50の順に大きかった.2)G5,G10,G20膜はオリゴ糖の分離に適した分画領域を有することがわかった.またG50は0.5MPaの操作圧力で高分子成分の除去に適した分画能を示した.3) モデル実験とオリゴ糖抽出液の濾過実験との間で,見かけの阻止率に若干のズレがあったが,オリゴ糖の精製という目的に対して有効な分離結果が得られた.
CMOS Based Lab-on-a-Chip: Applications, Challenges and Future Trends (2014)

Lab-on-a-chip is a technology which changed the traditional way by which biological samples are inspected in laboratories during analyses. This technology promises many advantages including better and improved performance, portability, reliability and cost reduction. A Lab-on-a-chip is composed of three main parts; actuation, sensing and electronics. Typically, hybrid technologies are used for the three parts, representing difficulties in integration and increased cost. However, Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) technology allows the functional integration of all parts including sensors, signal conditioning and processing circuits using a single homogeneous technology to develop a fully integrated lab-on-a-chip. CMOS technology is a very well established mass production and cheap technology. Hence, any viable lab-on-a-chip based on CMOS technology will have direct commercial value and application. This article, therefore, focuses on a survey of the most common CMOS based lab-on-a-chip techniques. Also, this article presents and discusses the features of existing CMOS based lab-on-a-chips and their applications at the cell level. Moreover, this article covers the challenges and the future trends in CMOS based lab-on-a-chip technology.
Fabrication of silicon quantum wires by anisotropic wet chemical etching and thermal oxidation (1995)

Ultrafine silicon quantum wires with high-quality Si/SiO2 heterointerfaces are successfully fabricated by utilizing anisotropic wet chemical etching and subsequent thermal oxidation. It is also found that the lateral dimensions of silicon quantum wires can be well controlled by selecting the temperature of the thermal oxidation process. The cross-sectional image from a scanning electron microscope shows silicon quantum wires of high quality with the linewidth down to 20 nm.
Color acceptance of direct dental restorative materials by human observers (2000)

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the CIELAB, CMC (2:1), and CMC (1:1) formulas to identify which provides the best indicator for acceptability of small color differences in the esthetic dental restorative materials, to determine if different groups of observers have different levels of acceptability, and to estimate the color difference that would indicate acceptability between a restoration and an adjacent tooth. The subject population of human observers was divided into four groups, each containing 12 subjects. The composition of the groups were: Group 1, dental auxiliaries and hygienists; Group 2, dentists; Group 3, dental materials scientists; and Group 4, patients. A color vision screening test was administered to each subject to ensure that only observers with normal color vision were evaluated. A composite resin color discrimination test was developed specifically for this study. This test was composed of six sets of discs fabricated from dental composite resin restorative materials. Each set consisted of one standard disc representing tooth color. In each set, six discs representing composite resin restorations were matched to the standard disc for a total of 36 pairings in the test. Color differences between the standard discs and the restoration discs were calculated in CIELAB, CMC (1:1), and CMC (2:1) color units. The subjects were asked to evaluate the composite resin materials as to acceptability of color differences between the disc pairs. The data were analyzed by logistic regression analysis for each observer and by each ΔE formula to generate receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves. The areas under these ROC curves were calculated and ranked. ANOVA and Tukey's Studentized Range (HSD) Test were applied to the ranks. In regard to the acceptance of dental restorations based solely on color difference, the CMC (1:1) color difference formula gave better correlation than the CIELAB formula for small color differences in the esthetic dental restorative materials. There were significant differences found between the experiment groups in regard to acceptability of color differences using the CMC (1:1) and CIELAB formulas. The dental hygienist/auxiliaries group proved to be more discriminating in accepting differences between tooth and composite resin restorative material color than patients. The mean 50:50 ΔE replacement points for all subjects were 2.29 and 2.72 color units for the CMC (1:1) and CIELAB formulas, respectively. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Col Res Appl, 25, 278–285, 2000
Characterization and Accelerated Ageing of UHMWPE Used in Orthopedic Prosthesis by Peroxide (2009)

Ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been the most commonly used bearing material in total joint arthroplasty. Wear and oxidation fatigue resistance of UHMWPE are regarded as two important mechanical properties to extend the longevity of knee prostheses. Though accelerated in vitro protocols have been developed to test the relative oxidation resistance of various types of UHMWPE, its mechanism is not accurately understood yet. Thus, in the present study an accelerated ageing of UHMWPE in hydrogen peroxide solution was performed and relative oxidation was extensively characterized by Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectroscopy and the morphological changes were analyzed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Different chemical groups of UHMWPE associated with the degradation reaction were monitored for over 120 days in order to evaluate the possible oxidation mechanism(s) which may have occurred. The results have provided strong evidence that the oxidation mechanism is rather complex, and two stages with their own particular first-order kinetics reaction patterns have been clearly identified. Furthermore, hydrogen peroxide has proven to be an efficient oxidative medium to accelerate ageing of UHMWPE.
New Ni‐Cr‐Mo alloy demonstrates high‐temperature structural stability with resultant increases in corrosion‐resistance and mechanical properties (1973)

Abstract Equipment made of NiCrMo alloys of the Ni 16 Cr 16 Mo W and Ni 22 Cr 16 Mo types is used extensively in the chemical industry, in particular because the corrosion resistance in the as‐welded condition could be improved in recent years by controlling C and Si contents to very low levels. A new type of alloy — Hastelloy Developmental Alloy C‐455 — has high resistance to carbide and intermetallic phase precipitation at high temperatures. By reducing the amount of these phases it has been possible to considerably improve the high temperature properties, the corrosion resistance and the mechanical properties of the alloy. The new material may be exposed to sensitizing range temperatures (550–1090 °C) for a long time without becoming susceptible to corrosion: it is, therefore, readily weldable. Contrary to NiCrMo alloys known so far there are almost no problems when the material is exposed to hydrochloric and sulfuric acids.
The novel adjuvant dmLT promotes dose sparing, mucosal immunity and longevity of antibody responses to the inactivated polio vaccine in a murine model (2015)

One option for achieving global polio eradication is to replace the oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV), which has the risk of reversion to wild-type virulence, with the inactivated poliovirus vaccine (IPV) vaccine. Adjuvants and alternate routes of immunization are promising options that may reduce antigen dose in IPV vaccinations, potentially allowing dose sparing and cost savings. Use of adjuvants and alternate routes of immunization could also help promote mucosal immunity, potentially mimicking the protection against intestinal virus shedding seen with OPV. In the current study, we examined the impact of combining the novel adjuvant dmLT with trivalent IPV for dose sparing, induction of mucosal immunity and increasing longevity of anti-poliovirus (PV) responses in a mouse model following either intradermal (ID) or intramuscular (IM) delivery. We found that non-adjuvanted ID delivery was not superior to IM delivery for fractional dose sparing, but was associated with development of mucosal immunity. Vaccination with IPV+dmLT promoted serum anti-PV neutralizing antibodies with fractional IPV doses by either IM or ID delivery, achieving at least five-fold dose sparing above non-adjuvanted fractional doses. These responses were most noticeable with the PV1 component of the trivalent vaccine. dmLT also promoted germinal center formation and longevity of serum anti-PV neutralizing titers. Lastly, dmLT enhanced mucosal immunity, as defined by fecal and intestinal anti-PV IgA secretion, when included in IPV immunization by ID or IM delivery. These studies demonstrate that dmLT is an effective adjuvant for either IM or ID delivery of IPV. Inclusion of dmLT in IPV immunizations allows antigen dose sparing and enhances mucosal immunity and longevity of anti-PV responses.
A case of isolated primary chylopericardium. (1979)

Primary chylopericardium presented as radiographic cardiomegaly in an asymptomatic 19-year-old man. Normal findings at cardiac catheterisation and angiographic demonstration of cardiac displacement from the diaphragm suggested a collection of fluid below the heart which was confirmed by M and B mode ultrasound scanning. Thoracic blood pool isotope scanning indicated that the lumen was a pericardial effusion rather than a cyst. Lymphangiography did not indicate any direct lymphatic communication though a small pool of contrast appeared in the pericardium and the diagnosis of chylopericardium was confirmed by pericardiocentesis. Surgical treatment was undertaken after rapid reaccumulation of chyle and the patient remains well 6 months later.
The Theoretical Flow Ripple of an External Gear Pump (2003)

In this paper, the theoretical flow ripple of an external gear pump is studied for pumps of similar size using different numbers of teeth on the driving and driven gears. In this work, the flow ripple equation is derived based upon the flow of incompressible fluid across the changing boundaries of a control volume. From this method, it is shown that the instantaneous length of action within the gear mesh determines the instantaneous flow ripple. A numerical and a closed-form approximation are presented for the instantaneous length of action and it is shown that the difference between these two solutions is negligible. Fast Fourier transform analysis is employed for identifying the harmonic frequencies and amplitudes of the flow pulse and these results are compared for 16 different pump designs. In summary, the results of this study show that the driving gear dictates the flow ripple characteristics of the pump while the driven gear dictates the pump size. As a result, it may be advantageous to design an external gear pump with a large number of teeth on the driving gear and a fewer number of teeth on the driven gear. This design configuration will tend to reduce both the physical pump size (without reducing the volumetric displacement of the pump) and the amplitude of the flow pulsation, while increasing the natural harmonic frequencies of the machine.
On a-ary Subdivision for Curve Design II. 3-Point and 5-Point Interpolatory Schemes (2008)

The a-ary 3-point and 5-point interpolatery subdivision schemes for curve design are introduced for arbitrary odd integer a � 3. These new schemes further extend the family of the classical 4and 6-point interpolatory schemes.
Periarticular Hyaluronic Acid in Acute Ankle Sprain (2007)

HA treatment for acute ankle sprain was highly satisfactory in the short term and the long term versus PL. This was associated with reduced pain and more rapid return to sport, with few associated adverse events.
[4+2] Cycloadditions of 1,2,4,5-Tetrazines and Cyclopropenes − Synthesis of 3,4-Diazanorcaradienes and Tetracyclic Aliphatic Azo Compounds (2001)

1,2,4,5-Tetrazines 1 readily react with cyclopropenes 2 to form 3,4-diazanorcaradienes 3, 4, 7 and 8 in a cycloaddition − cycloelimination sequence. Compounds 3 and 4 still act as 1,3-dienes with cyclopropenes 2, producing aliphatic azo compounds 5 and 6, versatile starting compounds in thermolysis and photolysis reactions.
Characterization of ultra-wide bandwidth wireless indoor channels: a communication-theoretic view (2002)

An ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) signal propagation experiment is performed in a typical modern laboratory/office building. The bandwidth of the signal used in this experiment is in excess of 1 GHz, which results in a differential path delay resolution of less than a nanosecond, without special processing. Based on the experimental results, a characterization of the propagation channel from a communications theoretic view point is described, and its implications for the design of a UWB radio receiver are presented. Robustness of the UWB signal to multipath fading is quantified through histograms and cumulative distributions. The all RAKE (ARAKE) receiver and maximum-energy-capture selective RAKE (SRAKE) receiver are introduced. The ARAKE receiver serves as the best case (bench mark) for RAKE receiver design and lower bounds the performance degradation caused by multipath. Multipath components of measured waveforms are detected using a maximum-likelihood detector. Energy capture as a function of the number of single-path signal correlators used in UWB SRAKE receiver provides a complexity versus performance tradeoff. Bit-error-probability performance of a UWB SRAKE receiver, based on measured channels, is given as a function of the signal-to-noise ratio and the number of correlators implemented in the receiver.
Crystal Structures, Optoelectronic Properties, and Electronic Structures of Layered Oxychalcogenides <i>M</i>CuO<i>Ch</i> (<i>M</i> = Bi, La; <i>Ch</i> = S, Se, Te): Effects of Electronic Configurations of <i>M</i><sup>3+</sup> Ions (2007)

Crystal structures, optoelectronic properties, and electronic structures of layered oxychalcogenides BiCuOCh (Ch = S, Se, Te) have been compared to those of LaCuOCh, with an emphasis on the electronic configurations of Bi3+ (5d106s2) and La3+ (5d06s0). The BiCuOCh series were expected to exhibit better hole-transport properties than the LaCuOCh series because the pseudo-closed-shell 6s2 electronic configuration of the Bi3+ cation was expected to form valence band maxima (VBM) by admixing with the p orbitals of the Ch anions. However, the two series of compounds exhibited similar electrical properties, suggesting that the contribution of the Bi 6s orbitals to the VBM is small in BiCuOCh. The crystal structures and optical properties showed distinct differences; for example, the band gaps of BiCuOCh were smaller than those of LaCuOCh. These findings can be understood on the basis of the electronic structures obtained by photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations. The Bi 6s orbitals form stronger and deeper chemical bonds with the O 2p orbitals than with Ch p orbitals and are located ∼2 eV below the VBM, which is mainly formed from the Cu 3d and Ch p orbitals. Thus, the Bi 6s2 configuration contributes little to the VBM, and BiCuOCh and LaCuOCh have similar hole-transport properties. Also, the smaller band gaps of BiCuOCh result from the deepening of the conduction-band-minima levels, which are composed of unoccupied Bi 6p orbitals.
Phase locking in an infrared short-pulse free-electron laser (1990)

The feasibility of the phase-locking procedure for the external selection of a single mode with reasonable power has been tested by simulation of the optical pulse evolution in a short-pulse free-electron laser using a model based on the self-consistent solution of the equations of motion for the electrons and the wave equation driven by single-particle currents. The simulations show that a high degree of coherence between successive pulses can be induced by a low-finesse etalon. Saturated operation in a greatly reduced number of modes, but with the same total power, is attained with a slight delay in the growth of the power as compared to the case without phase locking.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Dose-dependent biological damage of tumour cells by laser-accelerated proton beams (2010)

We report on the first irradiation of in vitro tumour cells with laser-accelerated proton pulses showing dose-dependent biological damage. This experiment, paving the way for future radiobiological studies with laser-accelerated protons, demonstrates the simultaneous availability of all the components indispensable for systematic radiobiological studies: a laser–plasma accelerator providing proton spectra with maximum energy exceeding 15 MeV and applicable doses of a few Gy within a few minutes; a beam transport and filtering system; an in-air irradiation site; and a dosimetry system providing both online dose monitoring and absolute dose information applied to the cell sample and the full infrastructure for analysing radiation-induced damage in cells.