gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A distributed packet concatenation scheme for sensor and ad hoc networks (2005)

Along with the growing popularity of sensor and ad hoc networks, various kinds of services are expected to be supported. In wireless ad hoc networks, there are increasing demands for Web traffic, voice over IP and streaming video from and to the Internet via the access points. In sensor networks, event-driven or periodically monitoring services are common. However, various lengths of packets are used in different services. Short packets have relatively large overhead at the MAC (medium access control) and physical layers and hence can significantly decrease the network throughput. In this paper, we analyze the performance of a distributed adaptive packet concatenation (APC) scheme which is proposed to improve the network throughput. The APC scheme works at the interface queue of the data link layer. It adaptively concatenates several short packets which are destined to the same next hop into a long packet for MAC layer's transmission according to the congestion status as well as the observed channel status. The theoretical analysis is conducted in both single hop networks and multihop networks, and the result shows that the APC scheme can increase the throughput by up to 4 to 16 times.
Perspectives in supramolecular chemistry: From molecular recognition towards self-organisation (1994)

Abstract
RGPSview: a tool for RGPS data visualization (2002)

The Radarsat Geophysical Processor System (RGPS) developed at the Jet Propulsion Lab and operated by the Alaska SAR Facility has significantly advanced the analysis of Arctic SAR imagery. The RGPS combines multiple SAR swaths covering the Arctic Ocean to produce time series products specific to a number of sea-ice research interests including ice motion, open water fraction, backscatter histogram and ice deformation. Since the RGPS is a relatively new system, there am few applications which can ingest RGPS products. This paper describes the development of an interactive RGPS visualization application called RGPSview. Designed to aid researchers using POPS products, RGPSview utilizes plugin reader modules to add functionality to the application at run-time and is optimized for viewing large data sets with zooming, panning and saving functions in a geographic reference frame. RGPSview has the ability to display the RGPS image, vector and histogram data types as well as image data in LAS format. The design and use of RGPSview are discussed along with example visualizations of RGPS ice motion datasets.
An Analysis of the Causes of Deep Infection after Hip and Knee Arthroplasties (1983)

Infection is a dreaded complication of joint arthroplasty. Deep infection may arise by contamination during operation, by secondary contamination of a discharging hematoma during the post-operative phase, or by the hematogenous route. Sixteen suspected cases of early and late deep infection in 1500 primary hip and knee arthroplasties performed during a ten-year period are reviewed. The operations were all performed by one of the authors (J.M.S.) in a Charnley Howarth sterile-air enclosure. No prophylactic antibiotic therapy was used, and the minimum follow-up period in all patients was one year. Suspected causes of infection were noted in six patients: the infection was considered to be hematogenous in three and to result from hematomas in two, and in the sixth patient a suspected rheumatoid cyst may have been a Brodie's abscess. Ten patients had no apparent predisposing source of infection, and breach of sterility technique was the most likely cause of infection in this group. Only two patients have required revision surgery to date. Although hematogenous infection of joint arthroplasty is possible, early, intermediate, or late infections generally are introduced during surgery either from the air or by direct contamination.
Integrative Proteomic Analysis of Serum and Peritoneal Fluids Helps Identify Proteins that Are Up-Regulated in Serum of Women with Ovarian Cancer (2010)

Proteome profiling applied to symptomatic ovarian cancer cases identifies a large number of up-regulated serum proteins, many of which are or have been confirmed by immunoassays. The number of currently known validated markers is highest in peritoneal fluid, but they make up a higher percentage of the proteins observed in both serum and peritoneal fluid, suggesting that the 10 additional markers in this group may be high quality candidates.
SEPA: A Proposed Standard for Judicial Review of Agency Decisions Not to Require Preparation of a Supplemental Environmental Impact Statement (1992)

To enable citizens opposing projects and proponents defending projects to predict more accurately the results of litigation and to discourage spurious litigation, a more definitive standard of judicial review is necessary. This Article proposes a standard of judicial review that encompasses components of both the adequacy and negative threshold standards of judicial review. The proposed standard of review discourages lawsuits that are brought merely for purposes of delay while ensuring that the agency acted reasonably in making its determination. Before this new standard can be considered, the context in which it will operate must be reviewed. Part II of this Article discusses the statutory scheme of SEPA. Part III discusses the statutory mandate that requires courts to accord agency decisions substantial weight and discusses three different standards of judicial review that have developed from case law. Next, Part IV proposes the new standard of review. Finally, Part V compares this proposed standard with the holding of the recent Washington Court of Appeals case of West 514, Inc. v. County of Spokane to substantiate the validity of the proposed standard.
A community-based participatory research approach to understanding social eating for food well-being (2022)

<ns4:p>‘Social eating initiatives’ are framed as a specific type of community-based food service that provides opportunities for people to eat together in local spaces using surplus food. These initiatives provide a meal that is fresh, affordable and more environmentally friendly than fast or convenience foods. In this research, we build upon the food well-being model to explore how food consumption is experienced in these community settings and the role of social eating projects in shaping the different dimensions of people’s foodscapes. We adopted a community-based participatory approach and engaged in a series of dialogues with staff volunteers and coordinators at four ‘social eating initiatives’. We also conducted 45 interviews with service users and volunteers at three sites in the Midlands region. </ns4:p><ns4:p> The role of community-based food initiatives responding to hunger by utilising surplus food to feed local populations is often conceptualised critically. However, closer attention to the experiences of staff, volunteers and customers at these spaces, reveals them as sites where knowledge and experience of food is being developed with this contributing to a sense of well-being beyond nutrition. Shared food practices and eating together contribute to social capital and are important dimensions of food well-being that are significantly restricted by food insecurity. The ‘food well-being’ model envisages a shift in focus from health, defined as the absence of illness, towards well-being as a positive relationship with food at the individual and societal level. In the concluding remarks of this article, it is suggested that this holistic conception is required to understand the role and function of social eating initiatives.</ns4:p>
Decreased abundance of <i><scp>F</scp>aecalibacterium prausnitzii</i> in the gut microbiota of <scp>C</scp>rohn's disease (2012)

The decreased abundance of class Clostridia, including F. prausnitzii, may translate into a reduction of commensal bacteria-mediated, anti-inflammatory activities in the mucosa, which are relevant to the pathophysiology of CD. In contrast, the role of B. wadsworthia was suspected to be minimal.
Thoughts on Practicing International Law (1975)

Many of the disputes that arise in international law mirror those in private and public practice law, the major difference being on an international scale the actors are different. The same set of skills lawyers bring to the equation are the same, with negotiation taking center stage. The author presents a thoughtful discussion of what qualities a lawyer should posess if he or she wishes to enter international law.
Current Applications of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells: Possibilities and Challenges (2012)

Stem cells are self-renewable cells with the differentiation capacity to develop into somatic cells with biological functions. This ability to sustain a renewable source of multi- and/or pluripotential differentiation has brought new hope to the field of regenerative medicine in terms of cell therapy and tissue engineering. Moreover, stem cells are invaluable tools as in vitro models for studying diverse fields, from basic scientific questions such as developmental processes and lineage commitment, to practical application including drug screening and testing. The stem cells with widest differentiation potential are pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), which are rare cells with the ability to generate somatic cells from all three germ layers. PSCs are considered the most optimal choice for therapeutic potential of stem cells, bringing new impetus to the field of regenerative medicine. In this article, we discuss the therapeutic potential of human PSCs (hPSCs) including human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), reviewing the current preclinical and clinical data using these stem cells. We describe the classification of different sources of hPSCs, ongoing research, and currently encountered clinical obstacles of these novel and versatile human stem cells.
External electric fields stimulate the electrogenic calcium/sodium exchange in plant protoplasts (1990)

External electric fields of low intensity stimulated calcium influx in protoplasts isolated from carrot cell suspension cultures in field intensity dependent and frequency-dependent ways. The field-induced calcium uptake involved a temperature-dependent system that was saturable by external calcium. The induction process appeared mainly cumulative as long as the morphology of the protoplasts did not change (up to 10 min). The stimulation elicited by the electric fields was effective even after switching the field off; the influx increased for 5 min and then slowed down to its initial value 15 min later. During electrostimulation, an additional amount of ATP was accumulated; on removal of the stimulatory field, the extra amount of ATP was consumed, whereas the plasma membrane was hyperpolarized and sodium ions were expelled from the protoplasts. Inhibition of either ATP accumulation or consumption results in the inhibition of both calcium influx and sodium efflux, demonstrating that these processes are coupled. From the data obtained in this work, it may be concluded that the electric field stimulates an ATP synthase like activity; the consumption of the ATP thus formed elicits an electric potential (probably due to the efflux of cations and more specifically sodium) that drives the influx of calcium.
Benign by Design Chemistry (1994)

The role of the synthetic chemist is crucial toward meeting the goals of both environmental protection and economic growth. The principles for the discovery, evaluation and development of environmentally benign alternative synthetic pathways have been investigated and applied both in basic research and in commercial practice. The principles of pollution prevention will be playing an increasing role in the routine work of the synthetic chemist in the future and each chemist will need to know how to design syntheses that are more environmentally benign in order to increase the chances of commercial viability of the methodology.
Levels of minimal residual disease detected by quantitative molecular monitoring herald relapse in patients with multiple myeloma. (2004)

MRD in patients with MM can be quantified reliably using TaqMan chemistry adapted to the LightCycler system. Residual tumor cell levels before transplantation as well as results of sequential molecular monitoring are predictive of relapse.
Luminescent Molecular Thermometers (2006)

Luminescent molecular thermometers are new-generation analytical tools. These thermometers consist of molecular species and inform us of temperature by means of light signals that can be detected with high sensitivity. Therefore, luminescent molecular thermometers have a great advantage in measuring the temperature of tiny spaces. In this article, luminescent molecular thermometers are reviewed in terms of their mechanisms and features.
Smart-MSP: A Self-Adaptive Multiple Starting Point Optimization Approach for Analog Circuit Synthesis (2017)

Automated analog circuit design is promising for increasing the design productivity and narrowing the time-tomarket, but is facing the bottleneck of tremendous design complexity. In this paper, a simulation-based optimization approach named smart-multiple starting point (MSP) is proposed for analog circuit synthesis. The proposed smart-MSP is based on the framework of MSP optimization, which is shown to be much more efficient than other global optimization methods like simulated annealing, genetic algorithm, particle swarm optimization, etc. Efficient techniques including heuristic-biased starting point selection, sparse regression and probabilistic TABU are developed in smart-MSP and make the algorithm quite smart in a way that the overall optimization process is self-adaptive by learning from the previous local searches and can efficiently produce optimal results to approximate the global optimum. Experiments have demonstrated that the proposed smart-MSP is 2.6-12.5× faster than the original MSP method, and is 1.3-2100× faster than other state-of-the-art methods.
Anatomical View of the Digestive Organs (2014)

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Effect of trees on yield, water expense efficiency and nutrient uptake by clusterbean in arid environment (2005)

The effect of Prosopis cineraria and Acacia albida planted at three spacings (5×5, 5×10 and 10×10 m) on availability of nutrients and moisture, and yield of clusterbean in arid environment was evaluated on a loamy sand soil. Available N, P and K in soil were considerably higher under the trees than that of the bare field. The soil under P. cineraria was richer in nutrients (N, P and K) and also maintained higher available moisture regimes as compared to the soil under A. albida. Nutrient uptake by the crop (grain + straw) differed both with the tree species as well as with their spacing. Nutrient uptake increased with decrease in the density of trees. The uptake of nutrients was in the order: sole crop>P. cineraria>A. albida. The water expense efficiency (WEE) was generally higher under P. cineraria than A. albida at comparable spacing. The crop yields, in general, were in the order: sole crop>P. cineraria>A. albida. Increase in the tree spacing increased the yield and WEE of clusterbean. The water expense efficiency under 10x10 m spacing of trees was more than the sole crop.
Conformation and concerted dynamics of the integrin-binding site and the C-terminal region of echistatin revealed by homonuclear NMR (2005)

Echistatin is a potent antagonist of the integrins alpha(v)beta3, alpha5beta1 and alpha(IIb)beta3. Its full inhibitory activity depends on an RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) motif expressed at the tip of the integrin-binding loop and on its C-terminal tail. Previous NMR structures of echistatin showed a poorly defined integrin-recognition sequence and an incomplete C-terminal tail, which left the molecular basis of the functional synergy between the RGD loop and the C-terminal region unresolved. We report a high-resolution structure of echistatin and an analysis of its internal motions by off-resonance ROESY (rotating-frame Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy). The full-length C-terminal polypeptide is visible as a beta-hairpin running parallel to the RGD loop and exposing at the tip residues Pro43, His44 and Lys45. The side chains of the amino acids of the RGD motif have well-defined conformations. The integrin-binding loop displays an overall movement with maximal amplitude of 30 degrees . Internal angular motions in the 100-300 ps timescale indicate increased flexibility for the backbone atoms at the base of the integrin-recognition loop. In addition, backbone atoms of the amino acids Ala23 (flanking the R24GD26 tripeptide) and Asp26 of the integrin-binding motif showed increased angular mobility, suggesting the existence of major and minor hinge effects at the base and the tip, respectively, of the RGD loop. A strong network of NOEs (nuclear Overhauser effects) between residues of the RGD loop and the C-terminal tail indicate concerted motions between these two functional regions. A full-length echistatin-alpha(v)beta3 docking model suggests that echistatin's C-terminal amino acids may contact alpha(v)-subunit residues and provides new insights to delineate structure-function correlations.
Extraction efficiency enhancement in GaN-based light emitters grown on a holographically nano-patterned sapphire substrate (2005)

We observed over two-fold enhancement in light extraction efficiency from GaN-based light emitters grown on a nano-patterned sapphire substrate. Nano-hole array patterns were generated by laser holography, which enabled a large area process with high throughput.
Specific inhibition of ADP‐induced platelet aggregation by clopidogrel <i>in vitro</i> (1999)

1. The thienopyridine clopidogrel is a specific inhibitor of ADP-induced platelet aggregation ex vivo. No direct effects of clopidogrel (< or = 100 microM) on platelet aggregation in vitro have been described so far. 2. Possible in vitro antiaggregatory effects (turbidimetry) of clopidogrel were studied in human platelet-rich plasma and in washed platelets. 3. Incubation of platelet-rich plasma with clopidogrel (< or = 100 microM) for up to 8 h did not result in any inhibition of ADP (6 microM)-induced platelet aggregation. 4. Incubation of washed platelets with clopidogrel resulted in a time- (maximum effects after 30 min) and concentration-dependent (IC50 1.9+/-0.3 microM) inhibition of ADP (6 microM)-induced platelet aggregation. Clopidogrel (30 microM) did not inhibit collagen (2.5 microg ml(-1))-, U46619 (1 microM)- or thrombin (0.1 u ml(-1))-induced platelet aggregation. The inhibition of ADP-induced aggregation by clopidogrel (30 microM) was insurmountable indicating a non-equilibrium antagonism of ADP actions. The R enantiomer SR 25989 C (30 microM) was significantly less active than clopidogrel (30 microM) in inhibiting platelet aggregation (32+/-5% vs 70+/-1% inhibition, P < 0.05, n = 5). 5. In washed platelets, clopidogrel (< or = 30 microM) did not significantly reverse the inhibition of prostaglandin E1 (1 microM)-induced platelet cyclic AMP formation by ADP (6 microM). 6. The antiaggregatory effects of clopidogrel were unchanged when the compound was removed from the platelet suspension. However, platelet inhibition by clopidogrel was completely abolished when albumin (350 mg ml(-1)) was present in the test buffer. 7. It is concluded that clopidogrel specifically inhibits ADP-induced aggregation of washed platelets in vitro without hepatic bioactivation. Inhibition of ADP-induced platelet aggregation by clopidogrel in vitro occurs in the absence of measurable effects on the reversal of PGE1-stimulated cyclic AMP by ADP.
Status of vaccine research and development of vaccines for Nipah virus (2016)

Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly pathogenic, recently emerged paramyxovirus that has been responsible for sporadic outbreaks of respiratory and encephalitic disease in Southeast Asia. High case fatality rates have also been associated with recent outbreaks in Malaysia and Bangladesh. Although over two billion people currently live in regions in which NiV is endemic or in which the Pteropus fruit bat reservoir is commonly found, there is no approved vaccine to protect against NiV disease. This report examines the feasibility and current efforts to develop a NiV vaccine including potential hurdles for technical and regulatory assessment of candidate vaccines and the likelihood for financing.
Perioperative acute kidney injury: risk factors, recognition, management, and outcomes (2010)

#### Summary points

Perioperative acute kidney injury (AKI) is common but poorly recognised and managed

Perioperative AKI increases surgical mortality and morbidity and increases cost

An apparently successful surgical outcome may not mean a successful renal outcome

Careful and thoughtful preoperative assessment, including identifying patients with existing chronic kidney disease and stopping and avoiding nephrotoxic drugs, will reduce the incidence of perioperative AKI.

Management of AKI centres on optimising fluid status and blood pressure, treating sepsis, and removing nephrotoxic agents where possible

Patients with AKI are often complex to treat, and senior help should be sought at an early stage

Acute kidney injury (AKI), formerly known as “acute renal failure,” is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, duration of hospital stay, and healthcare cost.w1 Despite this, published data on perioperative acute kidney injury, occurring between the time of admission for surgery and the time of discharge, are scarce outside the cardiovascular surgery setting. Regardless of the clinical setting, the diagnosis of AKI is often delayed, and treatment is suboptimal in a large proportion of cases.1 To improve diagnosis and treatment, clinicians need to understand the risks and triggers for perioperative AKI, the association of even small transient rises in creatinine concentration with risk of death,2 and what actions they need to take promptly on diagnosis. The term acute kidney injury reflects the importance of thinking of the condition as a spectrum or continuum of disease that may be recognised at an early stage, rather than as an “all or nothing” phenomenon as implied by the term acute renal failure. Recognising earlier stages of renal impairment allows for early appropriate action that may interrupt a process of functional decline. 

In this article we recommend the introduction of systems to ensure that changes in creatinine concentration from baseline are urgently highlighted to the …
Large Deployable Space Antennas Based on Usage of Polygonal Pantograph (2005)

This paper describes large space antenna projects based on application of a closed polygonal pantograph truss used for transforming, deploying, and prestressing the reflector structure. Their reflecting surfaces represent a flexible mesh fabric. Two means of maintaining the surface are discussed herein. The first technique is associated with employment of forces of the gravity field gradient. The second is based on the use of a flexible carcass prestressed by internal forces applied to the pantograph. Reflectors of the second kind have a rather complicated mechanical structure depending on the way of their attachment to a carrier. Provisions are made for supporting the reflector by an articulated arm linked with its central interface and through the use of tube beams, supporting the reflector periphery structures. During the design of the reflectors, special attention was paid to the problems of their structural simulations at the stages of their launching, deployment, and orbital motion. The deployable antennas considered can be enabling elements for many space missions ranging from communications to other satellite systems, including radar, remote sensing, interferometry, wireless power transmission, etc. They exhibit an enhanced stiffness of structure, required for the digit tele- and radio-communication and navigation, which makes it possible to diminish ray scattering, to raise the power of the accepted signals, and to prevent frequency losses.