gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Maintenance of Vigorous Mold Stock Cultures (1934)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMaintenance of Vigorous Mold Stock CulturesH. C. Greene and E. B. FredCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. 1934, 26, 12, 1297–1299Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1934Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1934https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50300a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views67Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (425 KB) Get e-Alerts
[Cyclin D, CDK4 and p16 expression in colorectal cancer]. (1996)

G1/S transition of cell cycle is regulated by G1 cyclins/cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) and their inhibitors. Cyclin D/CDK4 complex phosphorylates retinoblastoma gene product and p16 inhibits CDK4 in competition with cyclin D. Aberrant expression of these proteins may deregulate cell proliferation and moreover may lead to tumor formation and progression. In this study we examined the expression of cyclin D, CDK4 and p16 in adenoma-carcinoma sequence of colorectum. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that cyclin D was overexpressed in 55 of 66 (83%) adenomas, 8 of 8 (100%) carcinomas in adenoma (CIAs), 26 of 45 (58%) advanced carcinomas and even in hyperplastic mucosa. CDK4 was overexpressed in 0 of 52 (0%) adenomas, 0 of 14 (0%) CIAs and 39 of 45 (87%) advanced carcinomas, but not in hyperplastic mucosa. p16 was overexpressed in only 5 of 52 (10%) adenomas, 10 of 14 (71%) CIA and 59 of 60 (98%) advanced carcinomas, but not in hyperplastic mucosa. And comparative study of CDK4 and p16 showed that CDK4-positive cancer cells also expressed p16. Western blot analysis also revealed that primary regions of advanced colorectal cancer tissues showed 4.61, 3.30, 1.65 and 8.03-fold overexpression on the average in cyclin D1, cyclin D2, CDK4 and p16 respectively. These results indicate that both cyclin D and CDK4 may contribute to phosphorylation of pRB. p16 overexpression would be induced as a brake at G1/S transition through pRB phosphorylation by CDK4 overexpression in advanced colorectal carcinomas.
The costimulatory molecule CD226 signals through VAV1 to amplify TCR signals and promote IL-17 production by CD4 <sup>+</sup> T cells (2018)

The activation of T cells requires the guanine nucleotide exchange factor VAV1. Using mice in which a tag for affinity purification was attached to endogenous VAV1 molecules, we analyzed by quantitative mass spectrometry the signaling complex that assembles around activated VAV1. Fifty VAV1-binding partners were identified, most of which had not been previously reported to participate in VAV1 signaling. Among these was CD226, a costimulatory molecule of immune cells. Engagement of CD226 induced the tyrosine phosphorylation of VAV1 and synergized with T cell receptor (TCR) signals to specifically enhance the production of interleukin-17 (IL-17) by primary human CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells. Moreover, co-engagement of the TCR and a risk variant of CD226 that is associated with autoimmunity (rs763361) further enhanced VAV1 activation and IL-17 production. Thus, our study reveals that a VAV1-based, synergistic cross-talk exists between the TCR and CD226 during both physiological and pathological T cell responses and provides a rational basis for targeting CD226 for the management of autoimmune diseases.
Kinase Suppressor of Ras (KSR) Is a Scaffold Which Facilitates Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Activation In Vivo (2002)

While scaffold proteins are thought to be key components of signaling pathways, their exact function is unknown. By preassembling multiple components of signaling cascades, scaffolds are predicted to influence the efficiency and/or specificity of signaling events. Here we analyze a potential scaffold of the Ras/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR), by generating KSR-deficient mice. KSR-deficient mice were grossly normal even though ERK kinase activation was attenuated to a degree sufficient to block T-cell activation and inhibit tumor development. Consistent with its role as a scaffold, high-molecular-weight complexes containing KSR, MEK, and ERK were lost in the absence of KSR. This demonstrates that KSR is a bona fide scaffold that is not required for but enhances signaling via the Ras/MAPK signaling pathway.
An Intelligent Multifeature Statistical Approach for the Discrimination of Driving Conditions of a Hybrid Electric Vehicle (2010)

As a new kind of vehicle with low fuel cost and low emissions, the hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) has been paid much attention in recent years. The key technique in the HEV is adopting the optimal control strategy for the best performance. As the premise, correct driving condition discrimination has an extremely important significance. This paper proposes an intelligent multifeature statistical approach to automatically discriminate the driving condition of the HEV. First, this approach periodically samples the driving cycle. Then, it extracts multiple statistical features and tests their significance by statistical analysis to select effective features. Afterward, it applies a support vector machine (SVM) and other machine-learning methods to intelligently and automatically discriminate the driving conditions. Compared with others, the proposed approach can compute fast and discriminate in real time during the whole HEV running mode. In our experiments, it reaches an accuracy value of 95%. As a result, our approach can completely mine the valid information from the data and extract multiple features that have clear meanings and significance. Finally, according to the prediction experiment by a neural network, the fitting experiment by the autoregressive moving average model, and the simulation results of the control strategy, it turns out that our proposed approach raises the efficiency of considerably controlling the HEV.
Dendritic Cells Genetically Engineered with Adenoviral Vector Encoding dnIKK2 Induce the Formation of Potent CD4+ T-Regulatory Cells (2005)

Allogeneic DC, rendered immature by dnIKK2 transfection, induce in vitro differentiation of naive T cells into CD4+ T-regulatory cells, effective at low ratios with target cells, rendering them applicable for cellular therapy of immune-mediated abnormalities and for preventing transplant rejection.
Alkylmercaptophenols by Sulfenylation of Phenols (1963)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAlkylmercaptophenols by Sulfenylation of PhenolsBasil S. Farah and Everett E. GilbertCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1963, 28, 10, 2807–2809Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1963Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1963https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01045a076https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01045a076research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views390Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evolution of Motor Activity Tests into a Screening Reality (1989)

Measures of activity have changed in ways that their utility in screening for neurotoxicity has vastly improved. New computer pattern recognition systems now provide rapid, objective tools for identifying animal behavior. Advances in data analysis procedures have replaced the percent change in overall activity level with measures of initiations, total time and temporal structure for multiple behaviors and sequences. These advances can distinguish hyperactivities induced by different mechanisms and rank their neurotoxic potential, a feat not possible with photocell devices generally used in laboratories today. With the recent technological improvements, it is possible that a measure of activity will become one of the best predictors of malfunction in the central nervous system.
Residue-to-binary converters based on new Chinese remainder theorems (2000)

The speed of arithmetic operations depends on the size of the numbers involved. Smaller numbers have faster operations. That is exactly the reason why residue number systems are attractive in computer arithmetic. However, the conversion from residue to binary numbers involves a large number module operations. Several residue-to-binary converters are proposed in this paper. The converters are based on the New Chinese Remainder Theorems (CRT's) I and II which represent our work. The New CRT's improve the celebrated CRT. The new algorithms do not use any large size module adders. The numbers involved are much smaller compared to the numbers in the CRT and its alternative, the Mixed Radix Conversion method. Given a moduli set as (P/sub 1/, P/sub 2/,, P/sub n/), to convert a residue number (x/sub 1/,x/sub 2/,...,x/sub n/) to its decimal correspondence, a matrix of numbers bounded by P/sub i/ is needed for the New CRT I compared to the large numbers M/P/sub i/ for the CRT, where M=P/sub 1/P/sub 2/...P/sub n/. The New CRT II uses module multipliers of size less than /spl radic/M. If the condition P/sub i+1/>P/sub 1/+P/sub 2/+...+P/sub i/ is satisfied, only one module operation of size P/sub n/ is needed for the conversion. Residue-to-binary conversion based on the New CRT's presented here will have a significant impact on many algorithms which currently use the CRT, particularly in computer arithmetic such as residue number systems.
Distinct Structural Alterations in Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Block DNA Mismatch Repair (2013)

During DNA replication, mismatches and small loops in the DNA resulting from insertions or deletions are repaired by the mismatch repair (MMR) machinery. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) plays an important role in both mismatch-recognition and resynthesis stages of MMR. Previously, two mutant forms of PCNA were identified that cause defects in MMR with little, if any, other defects. The C22Y mutant PCNA protein completely blocks MutSα-dependent MMR, and the C81R mutant PCNA protein partially blocks both MutSα-dependent and MutSβ-dependent MMR. In order to understand the structural and mechanistic basis by which these two amino acid substitutions in PCNA proteins block MMR, we solved the X-ray crystal structures of both mutant proteins and carried out further biochemical studies. We found that these amino acid substitutions lead to subtle, distinct structural changes in PCNA. The C22Y substitution alters the positions of the α-helices lining the central hole of the PCNA ring, whereas the C81R substitution creates a distortion in an extended loop near the PCNA subunit interface. We conclude that the structural integrity of the α-helices lining the central hole and this loop are both necessary to form productive complexes with MutSα and mismatch-containing DNA.
<i>In vitro</i> degradation behavior and bioactivity of magnesium‐Bioglass<sup>®</sup> composites for orthopedic applications (2011)

To improve the bioactivity and degradation behavior of biodegradable magnesium, biodegradable metal matrix composites with the ZK30 magnesium alloy as the matrix and bioactive glass (BG, 45S5) as the reinforcement were prepared. The microstructures of the ZK30-BG composites showed homogeneous dispersion of BG particles throughout the matrix. XRD and EDX analyses confirmed the retention of the morphological characteristics and composition of BG particles in the composites. Immersion tests in the minimum essential medium with Earle's balanced salts at 37°C showed that the composites with 5 and 10% BG had lower rates of degradation and hydrogen evolution than the matrix alloy. In addition, the tests confirmed that the composites possessed an enhanced ability to induce calcium and phosphate ion deposition on sample surfaces during degradation, suggesting accelerated surface mineralization that would lead to improved bioactivity when compared with the matrix alloy. In vitro cytotoxicity tests showed that the ionic products of the composites formed during degradation possessed a superior ability to support the survival, proliferation, and osteoblastic differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells to those of the ZK30 alloy. The ZK30-BG composites with enhanced bioactivity and reduced degradation rate could be promising biodegradable materials for orthopedic implants.
Accurate solution of linear algebraic systems (1967)

Many problems encountered in computing involve the solution of the simultaneous linear equations (1) A x = b where A is a n-by-n matrix, [EQUATION] and b and x are vectors.
Inexpensive equipment for driving GaAs lasers with 100 ps risetime pulses (1976)

A single-stage current amplifier permits 250 Mb/s modulation of a GaAs laser. The compensated 50 ω bias input can be used to inject a 100 ps-risetime pulse, produced by a charged line generator with mercury-wetted reed relays and skin-effect compensated signal delay line.
Side‐Chain Polyrotaxanes with a Tandem Structure Based on Cyclodextrins and a Polymethacrylate Main Chain (1995)

A new structural type for polyrotaxanes (shown schematically on the right) results from the condensation of an amino-substituted cyclodextrin semirotaxane with the free acid groups of a dicarboxylic acid group in the side chain of a polymethacrylate. The structure of the novel polyrotaxane was determined unequivocally by NMR spectroscopic studies and by comparisons with a cyclodextrin-free model compound.
Substrate and Inhibitor Specificities for Human Monoamine Oxidase A and B Are Influenced by a Single Amino Acid (2001)

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) is responsible for the oxidation of biogenic and dietary amines. It exists as two isoforms, A and B, which have a 70% amino acid identity and different substrate and inhibitor specificities. This study reports the identification of residues responsible for conferring this specificity in human MAO A and B. Using site-directed mutagenesis we reciprocally interchanged three pairs of corresponding nonconserved amino acids within the central portion of human MAO. Mutant MAO A-I335Y became like MAO B, which exhibits a higher preference for beta-phenylethylamine than for the MAO A preferred substrate serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine), and became more sensitive to deprenyl (MAO B-specific inhibitor) than to clorgyline (MAO A-specific inhibitor). The reciprocal mutant MAO B-Y326I exhibited an increased preference for 5-hydroxytryptamine, a decreased preference for beta-phenylethylamine, and, similar to MAO A, was more sensitive to clorgyline than to deprenyl. These mutants also showed a distinct shift in sensitivity for the MAO A- and B-selective inhibitors Ro 41-1049 and Ro 16-6491. Mutant pair MAO A-T245I and MAO B-I236T and mutant pair MAO A-D328G and MAO B-G319D reduced catalytic activity but did not alter specificity. Our results indicate that Ile-335 in MAO A and Tyr-326 in MAO B play a critical role in determining substrate and inhibitor specificities in human MAO A and B.
Murine Cytomegalovirus Inhibits Interferon γ–induced Antigen Presentation to CD4 T Cells by Macrophages Via Regulation of Expression of Major Histocompatibility Complex Class II–associated Genes (1998)

CD4 T cells and interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) are required for clearance of murine cytomegalovirus (MCMV) infection from the salivary gland in a process taking weeks to months. To explain the inefficiency of salivary gland clearance we hypothesized that MCMV interferes with IFN-gamma induced antigen presentation to CD4 T cells. MCMV infection inhibited IFN-gamma-induced presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II associated peptide antigen by differentiated bone marrow macrophages (BMMphis) to a T cell hybridoma via impairment of MHC class II cell surface expression. This effect was independent of IFN-alpha/beta induction by MCMV infection, and required direct infection of the BMMphis with live virus. Inhibition of MHC class II cell surface expression was associated with a six- to eightfold reduction in IFN-gamma induced IAb mRNA levels, and comparable decreases in IFN-gamma induced expression of invariant chain (Ii), H-2Ma, and H-2Mb mRNAs. Steady state levels of several constitutive host mRNAs, including beta-actin, cyclophilin, and CD45 were not significantly decreased by MCMV infection, ruling out a general effect of MCMV infection on mRNA levels. MCMV effects were specific to certain MHC genes since IFN-gamma-induced transporter associated with antigen presentation (TAP)2 mRNA levels were minimally altered in infected cells. Analysis of early upstream events in the IFN-gamma signaling pathway revealed that MCMV did not affect activation and nuclear translocation of STAT1alpha, and had minor effects on the early induction of IRF-1 mRNA and protein. We conclude that MCMV infection interferes with IFN-gamma-mediated induction of specific MHC genes and the Ii at a stage subsequent to STAT1alpha activation and nuclear translocation. This impairs antigen presentation to CD4 T cells, and may contribute to the capacity of MCMV to spread and persist within the infected host.
On the sensitivity of geometric hashing (2002)

A formal model is presented for analyzing how the method performs in the presence of sensory uncertainty. The method performs well for simple images or for exact data. However, the performance degrades rapidly for cluttered scenes or in the presence of even moderate sensor error (3-5 pixels).< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Volumetric Bioprinting of Complex Living‐Tissue Constructs within Seconds (2019)

Biofabrication technologies, including stereolithography and extrusion-based printing, are revolutionizing the creation of complex engineered tissues. The current paradigm in bioprinting relies on the additive layer-by-layer deposition and assembly of repetitive building blocks, typically cell-laden hydrogel fibers or voxels, single cells, or cellular aggregates. The scalability of these additive manufacturing technologies is limited by their printing velocity, as lengthy biofabrication processes impair cell functionality. Overcoming such limitations, the volumetric bioprinting of clinically relevant sized, anatomically shaped constructs, in a time frame ranging from seconds to tens of seconds is described. An optical-tomography-inspired printing approach, based on visible light projection, is developed to generate cell-laden tissue constructs with high viability (>85%) from gelatin-based photoresponsive hydrogels. Free-form architectures, difficult to reproduce with conventional printing, are obtained, including anatomically correct trabecular bone models with embedded angiogenic sprouts and meniscal grafts. The latter undergoes maturation in vitro as the bioprinted chondroprogenitor cells synthesize neo-fibrocartilage matrix. Moreover, free-floating structures are generated, as demonstrated by printing functional hydrogel-based ball-and-cage fluidic valves. Volumetric bioprinting permits the creation of geometrically complex, centimeter-scale constructs at an unprecedented printing velocity, opening new avenues for upscaling the production of hydrogel-based constructs and for their application in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and soft robotics.
<title>Application of adaptive equipment models to a photolithographic process</title> (1992)

The accurate control of the photolithographic process is critical to the production of VLSI circuits. A control scheme is needed so that deviations from specifications may be compensated by adjustments to the process. Such a control scheme would take advantage of equipment models for the various steps involved in photolithography. Unfortunately, the equipment used for photolithography often changes with time, and is always subject to various disturbances which in turn introduce significant fluctuation in the process performance. In this report, we present an adaptive regression model which will evaluate itself and decide whether it should be refitted to the equipment to better reflect equipment behavior. The model is adaptively modified through recursive estimation based on in-line wafer measurements. Decisions for model changes are based on formal statistical tests which use the principles of the regression control chart [1]. This strategy is being tested on the spin-coat and bake equipment in the Berkeley Microfabrication Laboratory and will soon be extended to the entire lithographic sequence.
Seismic velocity anisotropy in a medium cotaining oriented cracks. Transversely isotropic case. (1982)

A new method was developed for calculating effective elastic parameters of a medium containing oblate spheroidal cracks having parallel planes. This new method is free from the restrictions of isotropic matrix material and low crack density. Velocity anisotropy was calculated for the case of oriented cracks filled with fluid. Effects of crack aspect ratio, fluid bulk modulus, and crack volume on velocity anisotropy were investigated. The present results showed smaller anisotropy than that given by ANDERSON et al. (1974) for a medium containing oriented spheroidal cracks. The relation between velocity and crack density parameter (ratio of porosity to aspect ratio of cracks divided by 4π/3) was investigated using these results.
Structure and Hardness of the Sputtered Al-Cu Thin Films System (2004)

The phase diagram of magnetron sputter-deposited Al-Cu thin films is simpler than the equilibrium diagram. Above 86.17 at.%Cu, the films are single αCu phase. Below, the microstructure consists of a mixture of the solid solution αAl phase and an intermetallic compound phase, the previous θ(Al2Cu) phase for the 1.8 to 45.99 at.%Cu films and an unexpected (Cu3Al) phase for 49.07 to 66.64 at.%Cu films. We note the appearance of a phase separation (αAl + αCu + Cu3 Al) in 66.64 at.%Cu films. The microhardness and the young modulus of the sputtered films increase regularly with Cu concentration reaching a maximum (H ≈ 8000 MPa and E ≈ 200 GPa). This phenomenon of strengthening of aluminium by means of copper is essentially due to a combination of solid solution effects and grain size refinement.