gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
PixColor: Pixel Recursive Colorization (2017)

We propose a novel approach to automatically produce multiple colorized versions of a grayscale image. Our method results from the observation that the task of automated colorization is relatively easy given a low-resolution version of the color image. We first train a conditional PixelCNN to generate a low resolution color for a given grayscale image. Then, given the generated low-resolution color image and the original grayscale image as inputs, we train a second CNN to generate a high-resolution colorization of an image. We demonstrate that our approach produces more diverse and plausible colorizations than existing methods, as judged by human raters in a "Visual Turing Test".
A Hybrid Hydrologic-Geophysical Inverse Technique for the Assessment and monitoring of Leachates in the Vadose Zone (1999)

The objective of this study is to develop and field test a new, integrated Hybrid Hydrologic-Geophysical Inverse Technique (HHGIT) for characterization of the vadose zone at contaminated sites. This new approach to site characterization and monitoring can provide detailed maps of hydrogeological heterogeneity and the extent of contamination by combining information from 3D electric resistivity tomography (ERT) and/or 2D cross borehole ground penetrating radar (XBGPR) surveys, statistical information about heterogeneity and hydrologic processes, and sparse hydrologic data. Because the electrical conductivity and dielectric constant of the vadose zone (from the ERT and XBGPR measurements, respectively) can be correlated to the fluid saturation and/or contaminant concentration, the hydrologic and geophysical measurements are related.
The implementation of a coherent memory abstraction on a NUMA multiprocessor: experiences with platinum (1989)

PLATINUM is an operating system kernel with a novel memory management system for Non-Uniform Memory Access (NUMA) multiprocessor architectures. This memory management system implements a coherent memory abstraction. Coherent memory is uniformly accessible from all processors in the system. When used by applications coded with appropriate programming styles it appears to be nearly as fast as local physical memory and it reduces memory contention. Coherent memory makes programming NUMA multiprocessors easier for the user while attaining a level of performance comparable with hand-tuned programs.
DESIGN OF AN EDDY-CURRENT BRAKE FOR A SODIUM-COOLED NUCLEAR POWER REACTOR (1958)

Two eddy-current electromagnets to act as brskes were designed and installed in the sodium-cooled nuclear pcwer reactor SRE to throttle sodium flow throughout the reactor after shutdown in order to maintain a constant reactor temperature gradient. One brake was used on the primary piping system, the other on the secondary system. It was determined that the eddy-current brake should cause a dragging pressure of 0.3 psi at a flow rate of 12 gal/min. The flux density necessary to produce this pressure was calculated, and the coil ampere- turns required to produce this fiux density were determined. Both brakes were controlled by thermocouples and performance was satisfactory. (M.C.G.)
Adhesion dynamics and durotaxis in migrating cells (2011)

When tissue cells are plated on a flexible substrate, durotaxis, the directed migration of cells toward mechanically stiff regions, has been observed. Environmental mechanical signals are not only important in cell migration but also seem to influence all aspects of cell differentiation and development, including the metastatic process in cancer cells. Based on a theoretical model suggesting that this mechanosensation has a mechanical basis, we introduce a simple model of a cell by considering the contraction of F-actin bundles containing myosin motors (stress fibers) mediated by the movement of adhesions. We show that, when presented with a linear stiffness gradient, this simple model exhibits durotaxis. Interestingly, since stress fibers do not form on soft surfaces and since adhesion sliding occurs very slowly on hard surfaces, the model predicts that the expected cell velocity reaches a maximum at an intermediate stiffness. This prediction can be experimentally tested. We therefore argue that stiffness-dependent cellular adaptations (mechanosensation) and durotaxis are intimately related and may share a mechanical basis. We therefore identify the essential physical ingredients, which combined with additional biochemical mechanisms can explain durotaxis and mechanosensation in cells.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Oxiranes from Ephedrine Salts<sup>1a</sup> (1966)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTNuclear Magnetic Resonance Study of Oxiranes from Ephedrine Salts1aGloria G. Lyle and Larry K. KeeferCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1966, 31, 12, 3921–3924Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1966Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1966https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01350a009https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01350a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views133Altmetric-Citations32LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Impact of tiny miRNAs on cancers (2007)

miRNAs are a class of small, approximately 22nt, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the post-transcriptional level. They play profound and pervasive roles in manipulating gene expression involved in cell development, proliferation and apoptosis in various eukaryotes, which, in theory, could provide an access to many human diseases in theory. Recent evidence demonstrates that aberrant miRNA expression is a hallmark of tumor development, revealing that miRNA genes could function as potential oncogenes and repressors in the human body. miRNAs can affect tumorigenesis mainly by interrupting the cell cycle at the cellular level and by interacting with signaling, oncogenes and with the response to environmental factors at the molecular level. The established miRNA expression signature could be a potent tool to diagnose and treat human cancers in the future.
The role of alumina in aluminoborosilicate glasses for use in glass–ionomer cements (2009)

Aluminoborosilicate glasses of general composition (0.14 − x/2.2)SiO2:(0.07 − x/4.2)B2O3:(0.09 − x/3.3)Na2O:0.40CaO:xAl2O3 (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.30) were synthesised using standard melt quenching methods and analysed by 11B, 23Na, 27Al and 29Si solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Calculations based on electroneutrality considerations were used to check the consistency of the NMR assignments in both glasses and cements. Glass–ionomer cement (GIC) formation was tested with all the prepared glass compositions, but only the samples with higher concentrations of Al2O3, x ≥ 0.20, produced sustainable cements. The compressive strengths (CS) of the cements varied from 66.7 to 74.2 MPa, although the differences were not statistically significant. The leaching of aluminium from the glass into the cement matrix varied between 6 and 12 mol%. It is proposed that aluminium plays a key role in glass–ionomer cements, not only through leaching of Al3+ ions from the glass into the cement matrix during formation, but also through reinforcement of the resulting cement by the residual glass particles which have high alumina content and confer greater mechanical strength.
Developing a Psychologically Inspired Cognitive Architecture for Robotic Control: The Symbolic and Subsymbolic Robotic Intelligence Control System (SS-RICS) (2006)

This paper describes the ongoing development of a robotic control architecture that was inspired by computational cognitive architectures from the discipline of cognitive psychology. The robotic control architecture combines symbolic and subsymbolic representations of knowledge into a unified control structure. The architecture is organized as a goal driven, serially executing, production system at the highest symbolic level; and a multiple algorithm, parallel executing, simple collection of algorithms at the lowest subsymbolic level. The goal is to create a system that will progress through the same cognitive developmental milestones as do human infants. Common robotics problems of localization, object recognition, and object permanence are addressed within the specified framework.
Organizational Context as a Moderator of Theories on Firm Boundaries for Technology Sourcing (2001)

Three research theories used to explain firm boundaries are transaction cost economics, an options perspective, and a resource-based view of the firm. The authors' integrated model addresses the degree to which each of these three perspectives explains firm boundaries for technology sourcing is contingent on managerial risk taking, which is partly determined by organizational context. The authors' results suggest that, in general, management stockholdings, firm risk orientation, and slack resource availability moderate the extent to which the perceived threat of opportunism, the threat of commercial failure, and opportunity for sustainable advantage all influence firm boundaries.
Characterization of a human coronavirus (strain 229E) 3C-like proteinase activity (1995)

The RNA polymerase gene of human coronavirus (HCV) 229E encodes a large polyprotein that contains domains with motifs characteristic of both papain-like cysteine proteinases and proteinases with homology to the 3C proteinase of picornaviruses. In this study, we have, first, expressed the putative HCV 229E 3C-like proteinase domain as part of a beta-galactosidase fusion protein in Escherichia coli and have shown that the expressed protein has proteolytic activity. The substitution of one amino acid within the predicted proteinase domain (His-3006-->Asp-3006) abolishes, or at least significantly reduces, this activity. Amino-terminal sequence analysis of a purified, 34-kDa cleavage product shows that the bacterial fusion protein is cleaved at the dipeptide Gln-2965-Ala-2966, which is the predicted amino-terminal end of the putative 3C-like proteinase domain. Second, we have confirmed the proteolytic activity of a bacterially expressed polypeptide with the amino acid sequence of the predicted HCV 229E 3C-like proteinase by trans cleavage of an in vitro translated polypeptide encoded within open reading frame 1b of the RNA polymerase gene. Finally, using fusion protein-specific antiserum, we have identified a 34-kDa, 3C-like proteinase polypeptide in HCV 229E-infected MRC-5 cells. This polypeptide can be detected as early as 3 to 5 h postinfection but is present in the infected cell in very low amounts. These data contribute to the characterization of the 3C-like proteinase activity of HCV 229E.
금강경 연구 (1) (1998)

연구자는 서양 상담심리학에 동양 정신을 통합하여, 서양 상담심리학의 한계를 극복하려고 노력하였다. 대부분의 사람들이 동양 정신의 핵심은 불교에 있다고 했으며, 대부분의 불교인들은 불교의 핵심은 금강경에 있다고 하였다. 금강경을 읽어보려고 했으나, 한문본 금강경, 한글본 금강경, 영문본 금강경 중 어느 것도 연구자나 현대인이 뜻을 이해하면서 읽을 수 있는 금강경이 아니었다. 예를 들어, `불국토를 장엄한다는 것은 곧 장엄이 아니고 이름이 장엄입니다`식으로 되어 있다. 이를 `불국토를 장엄하되 장엄한다는 생각에 걸리지 않아야 불국토를 제대로 장엄하는 것이다`로 번역해야 할 근거를 금강경 자체에서 발견했으며, 금강경의 핵심 내용이 `모든 생명체의 모든 고통을 내가 다 없애주고, 모든 생명체를 완전한 기쁨의 세상으로 모시되, 이러한 행동을 했다는 생각은 조금도 하지 않겠다`는 것이라는 것도 밝혔다. 진정한 상담자가 되기 위해서는 반드시 금강경을 받아 지녀 읽고 외우며, 남에게 전해 주어야(수지독송 위타인설; 受持讀誦 爲他人說) 할 것이다.
The Improvement of UMHexagonS Algorithm in AVS Video Coding (2012)

To reduce the complexity of AVS pixel motion vector search, this paper proposes a improved AVS pixel motion estimation UMHexagonS algorithm. The algorithm adds the improve of advanced new array and adaptive adjustment search template. To the video sequence of different motion feature, compare with UMHexagonS algorithm, in the case of mean PSNR descend less than 0.01dB and bitrate only mean increase 0.54％, the time of pixel motion estimation is reduced by 8.72％～20.25％ and the calculated amount of pixel motion estimation is also reduced.
CUG initiation and frameshifting enable production of dipeptide repeat proteins from ALS/FTD C9ORF72 transcripts (2018)

Expansion of G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub> repeats in the C9ORF72 gene is the most prevalent inherited form of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia. Expanded transcripts undergo repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation producing dipeptide repeat proteins from all reading frames. We determined cis-factors and trans-factors influencing translation of the human C9ORF72 transcripts. G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub> translation operates through a 5'-3' cap-dependent scanning mechanism, requiring a CUG codon located upstream of the repeats and an initiator Met-tRNA<sup>Met</sup><sub>i</sub>. Production of poly-GA, poly-GP, and poly-GR proteins from the three frames is influenced by mutation of the same CUG start codon supporting a frameshifting mechanism. RAN translation is also regulated by an upstream open reading frame (uORF) present in mis-spliced C9ORF72 transcripts. Inhibitors of the pre-initiation ribosomal complex and RNA antisense oligonucleotides selectively targeting the 5'-flanking G<sub>4</sub>C<sub>2</sub> sequence block ribosomal scanning and prevent translation. Finally, we identified an unexpected affinity of expanded transcripts for the ribosomal subunits independently from translation.
The Thermal Conductivity of Fluid Air (1985)

Based on available experimental data, the thermal conductivity of fluid air has been critically evaluated. A new set of recommended values is presented covering a pressure range from 1 to 1000 bar and a temperature range from 70 to 1000 K. Using the concept of residual thermal conductivity the recommended values are described by a 13-parameter equation of state in terms of temperature and density which may be applied up to a density of 900 kg/m3. From comparisons of all data sources, the uncertainty of the recommended values was estimated to be below ±4%. Additional experiments are needed, especially in the subcritical region of liquid air.
Processing and property assessment of NiTi and NiTiCu shape memory actuator springs (2008)

Abstract Among the multifarious engineering applications of NiTi shape memory alloys (SMAs), their use in actuator applications stands out. In actuator applications, where the one‐way effect (1WE) of NiTi SMAs is exploited, SM components are often applied as helical coil springs. Ingots are generally used as starting materials for the production of springs. But before SM actuator springs can be manufactured, the processing of appropriate wires from NiTi ingots poses a challenge because cold and hot working of NiTi SMAs strongly affect microstructure, and it is well known that the functional properties of NiTi SMAs are strongly dependent on their microstructure. The objective of the present paper is therefore to produce binary Ni 50 Ti 50 and ternary Ni 40 Ti 50 Cu 10 SMA actuator springs, starting from ingots produced by vacuum induction melting. From these ingots springs are produced using swaging, rolling, wire drawing and a shape‐constraining procedure in combination with appropriate heat treatments. The evolution of microstructure during processing is characterized and the mechanical properties of the wires prior to spring‐making are documented. The mechanical and functional characteristics of the wires are investigated in the stress‐strain‐temperature space. Finally, functional fatigue testing of actuator springs is briefly described and preliminary results for NiTi and NiTiCu actuator springs are reported.
A New Coincidence Correction Method for Condensation Particle Counters (2012)

A new method for solving the theoretical rate of coincidence in a condensation particle counter (CPC) using the Lambert W function is described. The method, based on a Poisson process, corrects for the inherent effects of coincidence in particle counters, and provides an accurately determined true counting rate. Using an experimentally determined dead time for MSP Model 1110 and TSI Model 3760A CPCs, the method provided correction of up to 99% of the maximum count rate allowed by this method, with an average discrepancy of less than 4% when compared with a reference number concentration standard. The new coincidence correction method can be applied to any CPC with a known per-event dead time, extending its upper concentration measuring range by nearly one order of magnitude. Copyright 2013 American Association for Aerosol Research
Carbon monoxide prevents ventilator-induced lung injury via caveolin-1* (2009)

Caveolin-1 null mice are more susceptible to VILI. CO executes lung-protective effects during mechanical ventilation that are dependent, in part, on caveolin-1 expression.
Characterization of Lyme Borreliosis Isolates from Patients with Erythema Migrans and Neuroborreliosis in Southern Sweden (2001)

Southern Sweden is an area of Lyme borreliosis (LB) endemicity, with an incidence of 69 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. The most frequent clinical manifestations are erythema migrans (77%) and neuroborreliosis (16%). There was no record of human Borrelia strains being isolated from patients in this region before the prospective study reported here. Borrelia spirochetes were isolated from skin and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from LB patients living in the region. A total of 39 strains were characterized by OspA serotype analysis, species-specific PCR, and signature nucleotide analysis of the 16S rRNA gene. Of 33 skin isolates, 31 (93.9%) were Borrelia afzelii strains and 2 (6.1%) were Borrelia garinii strains. Of six CSF isolates, five (83.3%) were B. garinii and one (16.7%) was B. afzelii. Neither Borrelia burgdorferi sensu stricto strains nor multiple infections were observed. The B. afzelii isolates were of OspA serotype 2. Three B. garinii strains were of OspA serotype 5, and the remaining four strains were of OspA serotype 6. All of the B. garinii strains belonged to the same 16S ribosomal DNA ribotype class. Our findings agree with earlier findings from other geographic regions in Europe where B. afzelii and B. garinii have been recovered predominantly from skin and CSF cultures, respectively. To further study the possible presence in Sweden of the genotype B. burgdorferi sensu stricto, which is known to be present in Europe and to occur predominantly in patients with Lyme arthritis, molecular detection of Borrelia-specific DNA in synovial samples from Lyme arthritis patients should be performed.
Design, fabrication, and testing of an insertable double‐imaging‐region gradient coil (2009)

We have constructed a small-bore insertable gradient coil with two linear gradient imaging regions and interfaced it with an MRI scanner. We have also constructed an RF system capable of transmitting or receiving in both regions simultaneously.Designs for conductor placement for two-region X-, Y- and Z-gradient coils were optimized by simulated annealing. Wire patterns for each axis were chosen that gave low inductance, reasonable homogeneity over a large imaging volume and high efficiency (gradient field per-unit-current).Imaging was performed on a Siemens 3T TIM Trio scanner equipped with three additional gradient amplifier channels and a second RF/gradient array controller. Phantoms were placed in the two imaging regions as well as the central non-imaging region to test gradient homogeneity and crosstalk between regions. Images acquired simultaneously in the two regions showed very little signal crosstalk between imaging regions and even less signal from the central, non-imaging region.When combined with an overlapping single-region gradient insert, extended field-of-view (FOV) imaging will be possible without moving the table or the subject and without increasing nerve stimulation. Construction and testing of a two-region gradient coil insert is a necessary intermediate step as a proof of concept for an extended field of view, contiguous, three-region human-sized gradient system.
RESTler: Stateful REST API Fuzzing (2019)

This paper introduces RESTler, the first stateful REST API fuzzer. RESTler analyzes the API specification of a cloud service and generates sequences of requests that automatically test the service through its API. RESTler generates test sequences by (1) inferring producer-consumer dependencies among request types declared in the specification (e.g., inferring that "a request B should be executed after request A" because B takes as an input a resource-id x produced by A) and by (2) analyzing dynamic feedback from responses observed during prior test executions in order to generate new tests (e.g., learning that "a request C after a request sequence A;B is refused by the service" and therefore avoiding this combination in the future). We present experimental results showing that these two techniques are necessary to thoroughly exercise a service under test while pruning the large search space of possible request sequences. We used RESTler to test GitLab, an open-source Git service, as well as several Microsoft Azure and Office365 cloud services. RESTler found 28 bugs in GitLab and several bugs in each of the Azure and Office365 cloud services tested so far. These bugs have been confirmed and fixed by the service owners.
Follow-On Development of the Demonstrator Suit for Post-Shuttle Operations (2011)

This paper is a follow-on to that which was presented during ICES 2010 on the development of a unique full pressure suit known as the Demonstrator Suit. This paper discusses the process used to design the suit, and describes the final design details of each component. The Demonstrator Suit is designed to address requirements associate to Launch, Entry and Abort as well as contingency Extravehicular activity, including contingency pressurized operations at 8 pounds per square inch differential. It consists of a breathable and lightweight gas container, Dacron and Link-net restraint layer, and an external fire retardant cover layer. The suit employs a Pressure Sealing Closure in the Uentry orientation, a cable-assisted shoulder joint, upper arm bearings that provide medial/lateral rotation, and very low torque single degree of freedom elbow and knee joints, which provide excellent mobility nearly independent of suit pressure. Waist and hip mobility are achieved with patterned convolutes that work in tandem with cables and pulleys. Significant pressure and man loads are managed by a system of high strength spectra webbings, integrated to stainless steel hardware. A unique and innovative resizing method was designed for this suit, which enables fast, simple and precise resizing. The paper concludes with a list of recommendations for the next iteration of this suit architecture. If a single suit architecture is pursued in future human spaceflight programs, the achievements of this suit design effort provide a stepping stone for further design and development.