gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Neuronal Avalanches in the Resting MEG of the Human Brain (2013)

What constitutes normal cortical dynamics in healthy human subjects is a major question in systems neuroscience. Numerous in vitro and in vivo animal studies have shown that ongoing or resting cortical dynamics are characterized by cascades of activity across many spatial scales, termed neuronal avalanches. In experiment and theory, avalanche dynamics are identified by two measures: (1) a power law in the size distribution of activity cascades with an exponent of -3/2 and (2) a branching parameter of the critical value of 1, reflecting balanced propagation of activity at the border of premature termination and potential blowup. Here we analyzed resting-state brain activity recorded using noninvasive magnetoencephalography (MEG) from 124 healthy human subjects and two different MEG facilities using different sensor technologies. We identified large deflections at single MEG sensors and combined them into spatiotemporal cascades on the sensor array using multiple timescales. Cascade size distributions obeyed power laws. For the timescale at which the branching parameter was close to 1, the power law exponent was -3/2. This relationship was robust to scaling and coarse graining of the sensor array. It was absent in phase-shuffled controls with the same power spectrum or empty scanner data. Our results demonstrate that normal cortical activity in healthy human subjects at rest organizes as neuronal avalanches and is well described by a critical branching process. Theory and experiment have shown that such critical, scale-free dynamics optimize information processing. Therefore, our findings imply that the human brain attains an optimal dynamical regime for information processing.
Binary Toxin–Producing, Large Clostridial Toxin–Negative<i>Clostridium difficile</i>Strains Are Enterotoxic but Do Not Cause Disease in Hamsters (2006)

Binary toxin CDT or its genes have been identified in some strains of Clostridium difficile that also produce the large clostridial toxins, toxins A and B (A+B+CDT+), including a newly recognized epidemic strain in the United States and Canada. To study the effects of binary toxin alone, we characterized 4 binary toxin CDT-positive only (A-B-CDT+) C. difficile strains. Unlike other clostridial binary toxins, binary toxin CDT required exogenous trypsin for activation. Supernatants from all A-B-CDT+ strains caused marked fluid accumulation in the rabbit ileal loop assay after concentration and trypsinization. In addition, the ileal loop response was neutralized by antisera raised against other binary toxin-producing clostridia. Challenge of clindamycin-treated hamsters with these strains resulted in colonization but not diarrhea or death. Binary toxin CDT may play an adjunctive role to toxins A and B in the pathogenesis of C. difficile-associated disease but by itself may not be sufficient to cause disease.
The versatile biopolymer chitosan: potential sources, evaluation of extraction methods and applications (2013)

Among the biopolymers, chitin and its derivative chitosan (CTS) have been receiving increasing attention. Both are composed of randomly distributed β-(1-4)-linked d-glucosamine and N-acetyl glucosamine units. On commercial scale, CTS is mainly obtained from the crustacean shells. The chemical methods employed for extraction of CTS from crustacean shells are laden with many disadvantages. Waste fungal biomass represents a potential biological source of CTS, in fact with superior physico-chemical properties, such as high degree of deacetylation, low molecular weight, devoid of protein contamination and high bioactivity. Researchers around the globe are attempting to commercialize CTS production and extraction from fungal sources. Fungi are promising and environmentally benign source of CTS and they have the potential to completely replace crustacean-derived CTS. Waste fungal biomass resulting from various pharmaceutical and biotechnological industries is grown on inexpensive agro-industrial wastes and its by-products are a rich and inexpensive source of CTS. CTS is emerging as an important natural polymer having broad range of applications in different fields. In this context, the present review discusses the potential sources of CTS and their advantages and disadvantages. This review also deals with potential applications of CTS in different fields. Finally, the various attributes of CTS sought in different applications are discussed.
Biomedical benefits of cannabinoids? (1999)

Cannabinoids appear to be of therapeutic value as antiemetics, antispasmodics, analgesics and appetite stimulants and may have potential uses in epilepsy, glaucoma and asthma. Scientific evidence for any of these indications, except for antiemetic effects, is extremely sparse and claims for clinical utility are largely based on anecdotal reports. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of any of the therapeutic effects are unknown. This paper reviews the clinical trials which have been carried out with cannabinoids including Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and synthetic cannabinoids such as nabilone and levonantradol, and discusses the advantages and adverse effects of cannabinoids in clinical use. The place of cannabinoids in modern medicine remains to be properly evaluated, but present evidence suggests that they could be valuable, particularly as adjuvants, for symptom control in a range of conditions for which standard drugs are not fully satisfactory.
A scheme for lightweight SCADA packet authentication (2017)

Development and deployment of cyber security measures for legacy SCADA systems usually encounter challenges of limited computation resources in the field devices for supporting the designed cryptography processing. This paper presents a scheme with which the field device performs message authentication and integrity check only on selected critical packets such that it protects the system operation while avoiding high computation workload, and applies the scheme to a transportation SCADA system. The proposed scheme takes into account of the SCADA computation power limitation and real time requirements, and the extreme difficulty of making any changes to hardware or software in the legacy system. AES-CCM and symmetric key methods are applied for providing message authentication and integrity, and a bump-in-the-wire (BITW) implementation approach is adopted to avoid the changes to the legacy system. This lightweight packet authentication scheme is implemented and demonstrated over a testbed of a metro transportation SCADA system. Experiments show the effects of the scheme in blocking malicious packet attack and the comparison with a firewall approach.
Enhanced dielectric breakdown performance of anatase and rutile titania based nano-oils (2015)

Nano oils synthesized by dispersing dielectric nanostructures counter common intuition as such nano oils possess substantially higher positive dielectric breakdown voltage with reduced streamer velocities than the base oils. Nano oils comprising stable and dilute homogeneous dispersions of two forms of titanium (IV) oxide (TiO2) nanoparticles (Anatase and Rutile) have been experimentally examined and observed to exhibit highly enhanced dielectric breakdown strength compared to conventional transformer oils. Indepth survey of literature yields that research on enhancing insulation properties of mineral oils by utilizing anatase and rutile titania nanoparticles is nought. The present study involves titania dispersed in two different grades of transformer oils, both with varied levels of thermal treatment, to obtain consistent and high degrees of enhancement in the breakdown strength, as well as high degrees of increment in the survival of the oils at elevated electrical stressing compared to the base oils, as obtained via detailed twin parameter Weibull distribution analysis of the experimental observations. It is also observed that heat treatment of the nano oils further enhances the dielectric breakdown performance. Additionally, further enhancements are observed at elevated operational temperatures. Detailed studies on the performance of the nano oils in presence of variant quantities of moisture have also been put forward. The grossly different charging dynamics of dielectric nanoparticles localized within the oil has been proposed to be responsible for efficient electron trapping, leading to decrease in the positive streamer velocity and resulting in high dielectric breakdown voltage. The differences in the performance of anatase and rutile has been explained based on the electronic structure of the two and the affinity towards electron scavenging.
[Absence of an anti-ischemic effect of the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor antagonist PK 11195. Study by atrial stimulation in man]. (1990)

We investigated the anti-ischemic effects of PK 11195 (RP 52028), a selective ligand for peripheral type benzodiazepine binding sites in man. In a first series of patients, we did not find any hemodynamic effect of 10 mg (8 patients) or 20 mg (8 patients) of the intravenously administered drug. The anti-ischemic effect was evaluated on 16 patients with coronary heart disease and a positive stress test in a double blind study of 20 mg of intra-venous PK 11195 (8 patients) versus placebo (8 patients). Ischemia was induced by pacing, and assessed by ST segment depression and lactates extraction before and 15 minutes after administration of the drug. No statistical differences could be found on these ischemia indices between the placebo and PK 11195 treated groups. Although experimental studies have shown interaction of the drug with the calcium channels, our study did not demonstrate any anti-ischemic effect with the dosage used.
Trident shape SOI metamaterial fiber-to-chip edge coupler (2019)

We propose a fiber-to-chip edge coupler based on trident-shaped dielectric metamaterial. Experiment shows < 2 dB/facet coupling loss with high NA fiber and near 0.5 dB/facet coupling loss using lensed fiber at the best polarization.
Tag suggestion and localization in user-generated videos based on social knowledge (2010)

Nowadays, almost any web site that provides means for sharing user-generated multimedia content, like Flickr, Facebook, YouTube and Vimeo, has tagging functionalities to let users annotate the material that they want to share. The tags are then used to retrieve the uploaded content, and to ease browsing and exploration of these collections, e.g. using tag clouds. However, while tagging a single image is straightforward, and sites like Flickr and Facebook allow also to tag easily portions of the uploaded photos, tagging a video sequence is more cumbersome, so that users just tend to tag the overall content of a video. Moreover, the tagging process is completely manual, and often users tend to spend as few time as possible to annotate the material, resulting in a sparse annotation of the visual content. A semi-automatic process, that helps the users to tag a video sequence would improve the quality of annotations and thus the overall user experience. While research on image tagging has received a considerable attention in the latest years, there are still very few works that address the problem of automatically assigning tags to videos, locating them temporally within the video sequence. In this paper we present a system for video tag suggestion and temporal localization based on collective knowledge and visual similarity of frames. The algorithm suggests new tags that can be associated to a given keyframe exploiting the tags associated to videos and images uploaded to social sites like YouTube and Flickr and visual features.
Controller design for active noise cancellation headphones using experimental raw data (2001)

This work presents a practical method of designing controllers for active noise cancellation (ANC) headphones. Without attempting system identification and perturbation modeling, the headphone system is directly described by a set of frequency-response data. In frequency domain, the controller synthesis problem is formulated as a constrained optimization problem, where the H/sub 2/ performance objective is minimized with various frequency-dependent constraints. The fixed-order robust controller is thus designed to achieve maximum noise attenuation with acceptable stability margins. Further, the method is able to accurately constrain noise amplification outside the control bandwidth due to waterbed effect of the nonminimum phase plants. This feature is very important for the ANC design to maintain an overall quality of noise reduction.
Computational fluid dynamics modeling of intracranial aneurysms: effects of parent artery segmentation on intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics. (2006)

Failure to properly model the inflow stream contributed by the upstream parent artery can significantly influence the results of intra-aneurysmal hemodynamic models. The upstream portion of the parent vessel of cerebral aneurysms should be included to accurately represent the intra-aneurysmal hemodynamics.
A unified framework for evaluating the risk of re-identification of text de-identification tools (2016)

This framework should be used as a basis for computing re-identification risk in order to more realistically evaluate future text de-identification tools.
Analysis of IEEE 802.11e for QoS support in wireless LANs (2003)

The IEEE 802.11e medium access control protocol is an emerging standard for wireless local area networks providing quality of service. An overview of this standard based on the current draft is presented on this article. We analyze the enhancements in 802.11 standard. The new hybrid coordination function of the IEEE 802.11e with its contention-based and contention-free (controlled) medium access control schemes is evaluated. The capability to provide QoS support is discussed by means of simulations.
Human metapneumovirus induces more severe disease and stronger innate immune response in BALB/c mice as compared with respiratory syncytial virus (2007)

This study shows important differences in HMPV and RSV pathogenesis and suggests that the pronounced innate immune response observed after HMPV infection might be instrumental in the severe pathology.
Renal hypoperfusion: value of power Doppler imaging. (1997)

The improved depiction of renal parenchymal vascularity with power Doppler imaging facilitates the sonographic detection of hypovascular lesions such as pyelonephritis, renal abscesses, and infarction. However, the finding of diminished or absent lobar perfusion may be present in all of these entities; thus, the abnormalities shown on power Doppler imaging are often nonspecific. Clinical and laboratory data are often essential to establish the correct diagnoses. Contrast-enhanced CT remains useful for distinguishing these various disorders.
Growth-related changes in intracellular spermidine and its effect on efflux pump expression and quorum sensing in Burkholderia pseudomallei (2009)

The Burkholderia pseudomallei BpeAB-OprB resistance-nodulation-division (RND) family pump effluxes aminoglycoside and macrolide antibiotics as well as acylhomoserine lactones (AHLs) involved in quorum sensing. Expression of bpeA-lacZ was cell density-dependent and was inducible in the presence of these compounds. Intracellular levels of spermidine and N-acetylspermidine increased with cell density in wild-type B. pseudomallei KHW, but were always lower in the bpeAB pump mutant at all growth phases. The significance of changes in intracellular spermidine on efflux pump expression was demonstrated by the disruption of the binding of the BpeR repressor protein to the bpeABoprB regulatory region in vitro in the presence of increasing spermidine concentrations. This was supported by dose-dependent activation of bpeA-lacZ transcription in vivo in the presence of exogenous spermidine and N-acetylspermidine, thus implicating the involvement of the BpeAB-OprB pump in spermidine homeostasis in B. pseudomallei. Consequently, inhibition of intracellular spermidine synthesis reduced the efflux of AHLs by BpeAB-OprB. Other potential therapeutic applications of spermidine synthase inhibitors include the reduction of swimming motility and biofilm formation by B. pseudomallei.
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs): from design to applications (2012)

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an exciting new type of porous organic materials, which are ingeniously constructed with organic building units via strong covalent bonds. The well-defined crystalline porous structures together with tailored functionalities have offered the COF materials superior potential in diverse applications, such as gas storage, adsorption, optoelectricity, and catalysis. Since the seminal work of Yaghi and co-workers in 2005, the rapid development in this research area has attracted intensive interest from researchers with diverse expertise. This critical review describes the state-of-the-art development in the design, synthesis, characterisation, and application of the crystalline porous COF materials. Our own opinions on further development of the COF materials are also presented for discussion (155 references).
Broadband RF Front-End Design for Multi-Standard Receiver with High-Linearity and Low-Noise Techniques (2012)

Future wireless communication devices must support multiple standards and features on a single-chip. The trend towards software-defined radio requires flexible and efficient RF building blocks which justifies the adoption of broadband receiver front-ends in modern and future communication systems. The broadband receiver front-end significantly reduces cost, area, pins, and power, and can process several signal channels simultaneously. This research is mainly focused on the analysis and realization of the broadband receiver architecture and its various building blocks (LNA, Active Balun-LNA, Mixer, and trans-impedance amplifier) for multi-standard applications.\n\nIn the design of the mobile DTV tuner, a direct-conversion receiver architecture is adopted achieving low power, low cost, and high dynamic-range for DVB-H standard. The tuner integrates a single-ended RF variable gain amplifier (RFVGA), a current-mode passive mixer, and a combination of continuous and discrete-time baseband filter with built-in anti-aliasing. The proposed RFVGA achieves high dynamic-range and gain-insensitive input impedance matching performance. The current-mode passive mixer achieves high gain, low noise, and high linearity with low power supplies. \n\nA wideband common-gate LNA is presented that overcomes the fundamental trade-off between power and noise match without compromising its stability. The proposed architecture can achieve the minimum noise figure over the previously reported feedback amplifiers in common-gate configuration. The proposed architecture achieves broadband impedance matching, low noise, large gain, enhanced linearity, and wide bandwidth concurrently by employing an efficient and reliable dual negative-feedback.\n\nFor the wideband Inductorless Balun-LNA, active single-to-differential architecture has been proposed without using any passive inductor on-chip which occupies a lot of silicon area. The proposed Balun-LNA features lower power, wider bandwidth, and better gain and phase balance than previously reported architectures of the same kind.\n\nA surface acoustic wave (SAW)-less direct conversion receiver targeted for multistandard applications is proposed and fabricated with TSMC 0.13?m complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The target is to design a wideband SAW-less direct coversion receiver with a single low noise transconductor and current-mode passive mixer with trans-impedance amplifier utilizing feed-forward compensation. The innovations in the circuit and architecture improves the receiver dynamic range enabling highly linear direct-conversion CMOS front-end for a multi-standard receiver.
A novel vertical deep trench RESURF DMOS (VTR-DMOS) (2002)

A new super junction (SJ)-DMOS device, the vertical deep trench RESURF DMOS or VTR-DMOS, is proposed. The VTR-DMOS is a conventional vertical N-channel DMOS with a deep trench adjacent to the gate. The trench creates a vertical sidewall into which boron is solid source diffused to form a P-type doping pillar which is charge balanced to the N-type epitaxial drift region. 2-D simulations comparing a VTR-DMOS to a conventional VDMOS indicate a 5.5/spl times/ improvement in silicon-only Rsp for a BVdss>700 V.
C60 in Model Biological Systems. A Visible-UV Absorption Study of Solvent-Dependent Parameters and Solute Aggregation (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTC60 in Model Biological Systems. A Visible-UV Absorption Study of Solvent-Dependent Parameters and Solute AggregationRene V. Bensasson, Elisabeth Bienvenue, Marc Dellinger, Sydney Leach, and Patrick SetaCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1994, 98, 13, 3492–3500Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100064a035https://doi.org/10.1021/j100064a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1653Altmetric-Citations281LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
A New Method of Expressing Particle Sphericity (1956)

ABSTRACT For a more complete characterization of the shape of sedimentary particles, a method for tridimensional shape analysis is described. It is proposed to return to Wadell's original definition of sphericity, i.e., the degree of true sphericity, as the basis for the quantitative description of shape. However, instead of analyzing each grain form as such, the shape is approximated by a tetrakaidekahedron which is defined by three mutually perpendicular particle dimensions. Using these measured dimensions and the geometric characteristics of the tetrakaidekahedron, the shape of particles can be defined simultaneously in terms of Wadell's and Zingg's shape factor. An expression is derived for approximating the degree of true of sedimentary particles. It is shown that th use of this expression as the working sphericity seems to be justified and may be considered an improvement over other approximations. An example of the workability of the technique is given by the tridimensional shape analysis of the component grains of a sample of Woodbine sandstone. It is thought that the method described can be of use in many phases of stratigraphic and sedimentary research.