gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mobile Surface Traps in CdSe Nanocrystals with Carboxylic Acid Ligands (2011)

We have performed ab initio calculations of electronic properties of the realistic Cd-rich CdSe nanocrystals with covalently bound carboxylic acid (X-type) ligands. Configurations both with and without surface traps can be prepared depending on the amount and geometry of the adsorbed ligands. We find that Cd and Se dangling bonds do not necessarily create surface traps, whereas traps originating from ligands can form near the top of the valence band. Some of the ligands are found to be mobile on the surface and this mobility is accompanied by a spectral diffusion of the associated trap energy levels. This provides the first atomistic example of the processes required to explain the emission wavelength and lifetime variations, and blinking of the nanocrystals.
Fast MR cardiac profiling with two‐dimensional selective pulses (1991)

A rapid-profiling NMR pulse sequence has been designed to provide an interactive, real-time cardiac probe analogous to M-mode ultrasound. The pulse sequence employs a two-dimensional (2D) selective NMR pulse to excite a narrow (nominally 1-cm-diameter) cylinder of magnetization intersecting the heart. This procedure is followed by a readout gradient applied along the length of the cylinder, or "beam," to yield an M-mode type profile with a one-dimensional Fourier transform reconstruction. k-space techniques were used to design 2D pulses which excite cylinders characterized by either Gaussian or square radial excitation profiles. Images of phantoms acquired at 1.5 T confirm the predictions of the k-space analysis. The cylinder can be displaced interactively by modulating the rf excitation and the beam axis can be reoriented to any oblique direction by changing the relative mixing of the gradient waveforms. Flow compensation using bipolar gradient waveforms inverts the contrast of flowing blood and suppresses flow artifacts. A gated cardiac image is acquired as a reference to locate the excitation axis. A series of cardiac experiments was performed on several healthy volunteers. As the beam is moved and rotated to probe the myocardium, the profile plots resemble an M-mode echocardiogram. Unlike in M-mode echocardiography, however, the axis of interrogation is not limited to specific windows, and there is distinct flexibility of contrast. However, the temporal resolution is currently less than that achieved by ultrasound. NMR M-mode profiling provides a direct, fast method of measuring heart motion to assess cardiac function as part of an MR cardiac exam.
An <i>in vitro</i> tubulogenesis system using cell lines derived from the embryonic kidney shows dependence on multiple soluble growth factors (1997)

Interactions between the ureteric bud (UB) and metanephric mesenchyme are crucial for tubulogenesis during kidney development. Two immortalized cell lines derived from the day 11.5 embryonic kidney, UB cells, which appear to be epithelial (cytokeratin-positive, E-cadherin-positive, and ZO-1-positive by immunostaining) and BSN cells, which are largely mesenchymal (vimentin-positive, but negative for cytokeratin, cell surface E-cadherin, and cell surface ZO-1), were used to establish an in vitro tubulogenesis system. BSN cells expressed hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and transforming growth factor-beta1 mRNAs, and its conditioned medium (BSN-CM) contained factors capable of activating the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR). When UB cells were cultured in an extracellular matrix gel in the presence of the embryonic kidney or BSN-CM, the UB cells underwent morphogenetic changes characteristic of early in vitro branching tubulogenesis. These changes were largely inhibited by a combination of neutralizing anti-HGF antibodies and the EGFR inhibitor tyrphostin AG1478, suggesting that EGFR ligands, together with HGF, account for much of this early morphogenetic activity. Nevertheless, there was a significant fraction of tubulogenic activity that could not be inhibited, suggesting the existence of other soluble factors. Whereas HGF, EGF, transforming growth factor alpha, basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), or a mixture of these growth factors, induced epithelial processes for up to 3 days, only IGF-1, possibly bFGF, and the mixture were able to sustain morphogenesis for longer periods, though not nearly to the same degree as BSN-CM. Moreover, only BSN-CM induced branching tubular structures with clear lumens, consistent with the existence of other soluble factors crucial for the formation and/or maintenance of branching tubular structures with lumens in vitro.
Molecular mechanisms of heptaplatin effective against cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines: less involvement of metallothionein. (2004)

BACKGROUND: Heptaplatin is a new platinum derivative with anticancer activity against various cancer cell lines, including cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines (Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1995; 35: 441). METHODS: Molecular mechanisms of heptaplatin effective against cisplatin-resistant cancer cell lines has been investigated in connection with metallothionein (MT). Cytotoxicity was determined by an MTT assay. MT mRNA, was determined by RT-PCR assay. Transfection study was carried out to examine the function of MT. RESULTS: Of various gastric cancer cell lines, SNU-638 and SNU-601 showed the highest and lowest levels of MT mRNA, respectively, showing 80-fold difference. The IC50 values of SNU-638 to cisplatin, carboplatin and heptaplatin were 11.2-fold, 5.1-fold and 2.0-fold greater than those of SNU-601, respectively. Heptaplatin was more effective against cisplatin-resistant and MT-transfected gastric cancer sublines than cisplatin or carboplatin was. In addition, heptaplatin attenuated cadmium, but not zinc, induction of MT. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that molecular mechanisms of heptaplatin effective against cisplatin-resistant gastric cancer sublines is at least in part due to the less involvement of MT in heptaplatin resistance as well as its attenuation of MT induction.
Multiple viral determinants contribute to pathogenicity of the acutely lethal simian immunodeficiency virus SIVsmmPBj variant (1993)

Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) induces an immunodeficiency syndrome similar to human AIDS. Although the disease course of SIV-induced immunodeficiency is generally measured in months to years, a disease syndrome that results in death in 5 to 14 days has been described in pig-tailed macaques infected with the SIVsmmPBj (PBj) strain. The purpose of this study was to derive an acutely lethal PBj molecular clone in order to study viral genes involved in pathogenesis. Six infectious molecular clones were generated; acutely fatal disease was induced by experimental inoculation of pig-tailed macaques with virus stocks derived from either of two clones, PBj6.6 or PBj14.6. Molecular chimeras were constructed by exchange of regions of the genome of PBj6.6 and a nonlethal, related clone, SIVsmH4. Only a chimera expressing the PBj genome under the control of a SIVsmH4 long terminal repeat induced death soon after inoculation. These studies suggest that multiple viral genes of PBj are critical for development of acute disease. More specifically, the env gene but not the long terminal repeat PBj was required for acute disease induction; however env must act in concert with another gene(s) of the PBj genome.
PORTAL VEIN THROMBOSIS AFTER TRANSPLANTATION OF PARTIALLY PURIFIED PANCREATIC ISLETS IN A COMBINED HUMAN LIVER/ISLET ALLOGRAFT (1995)

Shapiro, A M James; Lakey, Jonathan R.T.; Rajotte, Ray V.; Warnock, Garth L.; Friedlich, Martin S.; Jewell, Lawrence D.; Kneteman, Norman M. Author Information
Erratum to: Pathway reporter genes define molecular phenotypes of human cells (2017)

Table S1. List of reporter genes and pathways.
Réponse aux Témoins de Jéhovah sur la doctrine les 144.000 (suite) - Answer to the Jehovah's Witnesses on the doctrine of the 144,000 (1983)

French Abstract: La conformité aux Ecritures ; application pratique. Conclusion. English Abstract: Conformity to the Scriptures; practical application. Conclusion.
Protein tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B is involved in neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate cancer (2006)

Our findings suggest that PTP1B plays an important role in neuroendocrine differentiation, and therefore, may possibly be involved in the progression of prostate cancer.
Capillary oxygen transport during severe hypoxia: role of hemoglobin oxygen affinity (1993)

The efficacy of an increased hemoglobin oxygen affinity [decreased oxygen half-saturation pressure of hemoglobin (P50)] on capillary oxygen transport was evaluated in the hamster retractor muscle under conditions of a severely limited oxygen supply resulting from the combined effects of a 40% reduction in systemic hematocrit and hypoxic ventilation (inspired oxygen fraction 0.1). Two groups of hamsters were utilized: one with a normal oxygen affinity (untreated; P50 = 26.1 +/- 2.4 Torr) and one with an increased oxygen affinity (treated; P50 = 15.7 +/- 1.4 Torr) induced by the chronic short-term administration of sodium cyanate. Using in vivo video microscopy and image analysis techniques, we determined oxygen saturation and associated hemodynamics at both ends of the capillary network. During hypoxic ventilation, the decrease in oxygen saturation across the network was 3.6% for untreated animals compared with 9.9% for treated animals. During hypoxia, estimated end-capillary PO2 was significantly higher in the untreated animals. These data indicate that, at the capillary level, a decreased P50 is advantageous for tissue oxygenation when oxygen supply is severely compromised, because normal oxygen losses in capillaries are maintained in treated but not in untreated animals. The data are consistent with the presence of a diffusion limitation for oxygen during severe hypoxia in animals with a normal hemoglobin oxygen affinity.
Enhanced Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting Performance of Flexible PVDF-TrFE Bilayer Films with Graphene Oxide (2015)

Ferroelectric materials have attracted interest in recent years due to their application in energy harvesting owing to its piezoelectric nature. Ferroelectric polymers are flexible and can sustain larger strains compared to inorganic counterparts, making them attractive for harvesting energy from mechanical vibrations. Herein, we report, for the first time, the enhanced piezoelectric energy harvesting performance of the bilayer films of poled poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene) [PVDF-TrFE] and graphene oxide (GO). The bilayer film exhibits superior energy harvesting performance with a voltage output of 4 V and power output of 4.41 μWcm(-2) compared to poled PVDF-TrFE films alone (voltage output of 1.9 V and power output of 1.77 μWcm(-2)). The enhanced voltage and power output in the presence of GO film is due to the combined effect of electrostatic contribution from graphene oxide, residual tensile stress, enhanced Young's modulus of the bilayer films, and the presence of space charge at the interface of the PVDF-TrFE and GO films, arising from the uncompensated polarization of PVDF-TrFE. Higher Young's modulus and dielectric constant of GO led to the efficient transfer of mechanical and electrical energy.
Some Applications of Ordinary Differential Operator to Certain Multivalent Functions (2015)

The aim of this paper is to apply the well-known ordinary differential operator to certain multivalent functions which are analytic in the certain domains of the complex plane and then to determine some criteria concerning analytic and geometric properties of the related complex functions.
Maximum uncertainty of interval velocity estimates (1981)

Abstract The Dix equation (Dix, 1955) is commonly used to estimate interval velocities from stacking velocity and travel-time information. The errors in these estimates can result from a number of factors, including indiscriminate substitution of stacking velocities for root-mean-square (rms] velocities without compensating for the effects of spread-length or dipping reflectors. A first-order error equation has been developed which estimates the maximum uncertainty for Dix-derived interval velocities when the accuracy of the input rms velocity and normal incidence time information is considered. Some simple numerical experiments using this equation indicate that the uncertainty in the calculated interval velocity increases with depth and is inversely proportional to layer thickness, even when the errors in the input velocity and time variables remain constant.
Mutational Analysis of <i>STE5</i> in the Yeast <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>: Application of a Differential Interaction Trap Assay for Examining Protein-Protein Interactions (1997)

Ste5 is essential for the yeast mating pheromone response pathway and is thought to function as a scaffold that organizes the components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade. A new method was developed to isolate missense mutations in Ste5 that differentially affect the ability of Ste5 to interact with either of two MAPK cascade constituents, the MEKK (Ste11) and the MEK (Ste7). Mutations that affect association with Ste7 or with Ste11 delineate discrete regions of Ste5 that are critical for each interaction. Co-immunoprecipitation analysis, examining the binding in vitro of Ste5 to Ste11, Ste7, Ste4 (G protein beta subunit), and Fus3 (MAPK), confirmed that each mutation specifically affects the interaction of Ste5 with only one protein. When expressed in a ste5 delta cell, mutant Ste5 proteins that are defective in their ability to interact with either Ste11 or Ste7 result in a markedly reduced mating proficiency. One mutation that clearly weakened (but did not eliminate) interaction of Ste5 with Ste7 permitted mating at wild-type efficiency, indicating that an efficacious signal is generated even when Ste5 associates with only a small fraction of (or only transiently with) Ste7. Ste5 mutants defective in association with Ste11 or Ste7 showed strong interallelic complementation when co-expressed, suggesting that the functional form of Ste5 in vivo is an oligomer.
The Future of Investment Management (2005)

Looking at the present and at 35 years in the investment management field has produced the six observations and conjectures in this article: The correct portfolio for any investor is global (with a distinction between currency exposure and asset exposure), and global asset trading will eventually be continuous, 24 hours; “momentum investing” is an oxymoron; the model inputs reflecting our fundamental expectations are often irrational; investment management fees must drop significantly; the lumpiness and discontinuities in the market provide opportunities but frighten most investors; and past investment results are largely random noise with no predictive value.
Impacts of different policy options on the EU dairy market (1998)

The economic effects of certain changes in the EU dairy regime and of market liberalization are analyzed within the framework of a partial equilibrium model. Using a joint-input, multi-product formulation the model confronts the agricultural production of raw milk with the processing and the final consumption of five milk products. While the two valuable components of raw milk (fat and protein) are kept in balance at all levels of the marketing chain the model describes the economic and technical relations between input and output quantities. Although the model is non-spatial (in the sense of transpotation costs being omitted) there is a regional aspect with 14 EU regions (member states) and all other countries as a whole (rest of the world). Simulation of prospective policy effects in 2005 necessitates a projection of supply and demand for this year, starting from 1993 as a base year. Different scenarios were considered: Expanding the EU milk quota by 2 % and cutting the intervention prices by 15 % (Agenda 2000) compared to the base year will result in decreasing EU producer prices by 6-7 %: Cutting intervention prices by 15 % compared to baseline will lead to a producer price reduction of more than 10 %. The influence of the rest of the world is very small. The abolition of the milk quota regime and the intervention system will lead to a producer price decrease of 18 %, but the milk production in the EU will increase. When a very low world market price for dairy products is considered (starting from the world market situation in 1993), market liberalization results in a market decrease of EU producer price of about 40 %. The decreasing milk production coupled with rising demand makes the EU a net importer of dairy products (with the exception of skinmed milk powder and other milk products). These imports will lead to an increase in producer prices in the rest of the world. If in the latter case consumer preferences for fresh milk products and cheese allow for price differentials to the benefit of EU producers there are considerably less pressures on EU markets but still big changes in the pattern of trade to the detriment of butter and skimmed milk powder.
Alfalfa- Verticillium albo-atrum Interactions: II. In vitro Peroxidase and Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Activities Enhanced by Treatment with Fungal Elicitors. (1992)

With the aim of ascertaining the existence of a correlation between in vivo resistance to Verticillium alboatrum and in vitro responses to the fungal cell wall components, peroxidase (P0) and phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) were assayed using in vitro cultures of three alfalfa genotypes (resistant, intermediate resistant and susceptible) .
Seismic Rehabilitation Design of Steel Moment Connection with Welded Haunch (2000)

This paper describes a design procedure for the seismic rehabilitation of pre-Northridge steel moment connections using a welded haunch. Experimental results from cyclic testing of full-scale specimens demonstrated that welding a triangular haunch beneath the beam's bottom flange significantly improved the seismic performance of steel moment connections. The welded haunch drastically changed the beam shear force transfer mechanism, which assisted in reducing the demands at the beam flange groove welds. Analytical studies further showed that the tensile stress in the existing beam flange groove weld can be reduced to a reasonable level if the flange of the haunch is designed to provide sufficient stiffness and strength. However, traditional beam theory cannot provide a reliable prediction of the beam's flexural stress distribution near the column face. A simplified model that allows the designer to predict the stress level in the beam flange groove welds is presented.
Metal-Free Room-Temperature Vulcanization of Silicones via Borane Hydrosilylation (2019)

Vulcanization of silicone networks from commercially available linear poly(dimethyl-co-methylhydro)siloxane (PMHS) and α-diketones was achieved using metal-free borane hydrosilylation at room temperature. The Lewis acid catalyst, tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (B(C6F5)3), efficiently cross-linked PMHS at minimal catalyst loadings (200–1000 ppm) to produce polymer networks with mechanical properties, thermal stability, and optical clarity rivaling that achieved from traditional platinum catalysis. Variation of the starting PMHS structure is shown to influence the final characteristics of the network. Increasing molar mass of the PMHS chain results in a higher thermal decomposition temperature, while increasing mole fractions of Si–H moieties along the backbone increase the cross-linking density and the attendant Shore hardness. The degradation behavior of the networks was investigated, with the borane-vulcanized samples showing rapid dissolution upon exposure to acid and high stability to neutral and basic conditions. Functional networks bearing halide and vinyl groups could also be prepared via a preliminary reaction of PMHS with an appropriate monoketone, providing a general and versatile strategy for network derivatization with the potential for postvulcanization functionalization being subsequently demonstrated via thiol–ene click chemistry.
<title>Video compression using adaptive wavelet packet and DPCM</title> (1995)

This paper presents an efficient temporal, spatial and frequency decomposition method for improving the performance of the existing methods for 3D subband coding of video signals. In this method, a given video sequence is first partitioned into constant-sized 'groups' of frames. Within each group, every two consecutive frames are decomposed into low and high temporal subbands by a two-tap temporal filter. The redundancy in the low temporal subbands is removed by a closed loop DPCM unit. The low and high subbands of the first pair of frames, the difference of the low subbands from the DPCM loop and the high subbands of the subsequent pairs of frames in the 'group' are then divided into image blocks of equal size, such that each block can be efficiently decomposed by an adaptive wavelet packet based on a rate-distortion criterion. The subbands of wavelet packets for all blocks are quantized by a hybrid scalar/pyramidal lattice vector quantizer. This scheme achieves minimum distortion under a rate constraint specified for the 'groups' of frames and under the structural constraints of the algorithm. In this scheme, the motion compensation is not used explicitly, but the effects of motion are accounted for through the low-high temporal subbanding and the DPCM procedure. The results compare favorably with those of traditional video coding techniques. Although the computational complexity of this scheme is higher than that of the existing 3D subband method, it is suitable for parallel implementation.
Low Power Magnetic Quantum Cellular Automata Realization Using Magnetic Multi-Layer Structures (2011)

In this paper, we report magnetic quantum cellular automata (MQCA) realization using multi-layer cells with tilted polarizer reference layer with a particular focus on the critical need to shift toward the multi-layer cells as elemental entities from the conventional single-domain nanomagnets. We have reported a novel spin-transfer torque current-induced clocking scheme, theoretically derived the clocking current, and shown the reduction in power consumption achieved against the traditional mechanism of clocking using magnetic fields typically generated from overhead or underneath wires. We have modeled the multi-layer cell behavior in Verilog-A along with the underlying algorithm used in implementing the neighbor interaction between the cells. This paper reports the switching and clocking current magnitudes, their direction and the power consumption associated with switching and clocking operation. Finally, we present the simulation results from Verilog-A model of switching, clocking and neighbor interaction. Low power consumption due to spin transfer torque current induced switching and clocking along with the reasonable magneto-resistance (MR) distinguishing the two energy minimum states of the device, make these devices a promising candidate in MQCA realization.
A Security Enforcement Framework for Virtual Machine Migration Auction (2015)

Virtual machine migration auction (VMMA) is a bidding process to select potential target cloud service providers (CSPs) for migration. It is realized as a single application running on top of the hypervisor, where the overall communication between the CSPs is done through the Internet, an insecure channel. Therefore, ensuring security along with performance satisfaction of the VMMA system is an important but challenging problem. This requires identification of various threats and development of security and systematic protection mechanism.