gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Robust Web Image/Video Super-Resolution (2010)

This paper proposes a robust single-image super-resolution method for enlarging low quality web image/video degraded by downsampling and compression. To simultaneously improve the resolution and perceptual quality of such web image/video, we bring forward a practical solution which combines adaptive regularization and learning-based super-resolution. The contribution of this work is twofold. First, we propose to analyze the image energy change characteristics during the iterative regularization process, i.e., the energy change ratio between primitive (e.g., edges, ridges and corners) and nonprimitive fields. Based on the revealed convergence property of the energy change ratio, appropriate regularization strength can then be determined to well balance compression artifacts removal and primitive components preservation. Second, we verify that this adaptive regularization can steadily and greatly improve the pair matching accuracy in learning-based super-resolution. Consequently, their combination effectively eliminates the quantization noise and meanwhile faithfully compensates the missing high-frequency details, yielding robust super-resolution performance in the compression scenario. Experimental results demonstrate that our solution produces visually pleasing enlargements for various web images/videos.
Perceptions of Company Performance: A study of impression management (2008)

The purpose of this research is to investigate two particular forms of impression management commonly found in corporate annual reports, the distortion of narratives and graph manipulation. Little is known about the potential effects these manipulations have on decisions made by annual report users. A laboratory experiment was performed in which participants were provided with a pack of information for two fictional companies and required to make an investment decision. No significant difference was found between the investment decisions of the participants, confirming previous findings that impression management does not affect corporate annual report users’ perceptions of company performance.
TWO SEROLOGICAL TYPES OF GROUP B HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCI WITH RELATED, BUT NOT IDENTICAL, TYPE-SPECIFIC SUBSTANCES (1938)

1. Among group B hemolytic streptococci one serological type previously described as homogeneous has been shown, instead, to contain two closely related types, distinguishable by reciprocal absorption experiments. These streptococci are designated Types Ia and Ib. 2. Homologous organisms in each case absorb all antibodies from their respective antisera, while organisms of the heterologous related type absorb only the antibody responsible for the cross reactions. Group B streptococci of other types do not absorb the antibodies responsible for the cross reactions between these two related types. The precipitin reaction and passive protection tests in mice were employed in this analysis. 3. The type-specific substance of Type Ia is a polysaccharide. Preliminary study indicates that this is also true of Type Ib. While no data are available concerning the chemical relationships of these substances, it seems probable that the two types elaborate polysaccharides, related chemically as well as serologically.
Identity-Concealed Authenticated Encryption and Key Exchange (2016)

Identity concealment and zero-round trip time (0-RTT) connection are two of current research focuses in the design and analysis of secure transport protocols, like TLS1.3 and Google's QUIC, in the client-server setting. In this work, we introduce a new primitive for identity-concealed authenticated encryption in the public-key setting, referred to as higncryption, which can be viewed as a novel monolithic integration of public-key encryption, digital signature, and identity concealment. We then present the security definitional framework for higncryption, and a conceptually simple (yet carefully designed) protocol construction. As a new primitive, higncryption can have many applications. In this work, we focus on its applications to 0-RTT authentication, showing higncryption is well suitable to and compatible with QUIC and OPTLS, and on its applications to identity-concealed authenticated key exchange (CAKE) and unilateral CAKE (UCAKE). Of independent interest is a new concise security definitional framework for CAKE and UCAKE proposed in this work, which unifies the traditional BR and (post-ID) frameworks, enjoys composability, and ensures very strong security guarantee. Along the way, we make a systematically comparative study with related protocols and mechanisms including Zheng's signcryption, one-pass HMQV, QUIC, TLS1.3 and OPTLS, most of which are widely standardized or in use.
Highly sensitive peptide‐4‐methylcoumaryl‐7‐amide substrates for blood‐clotting proteases and trypsin (1988)

Seventy-four peptide amides of 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin (Mec) of the type Boc-Xaa-Yaa-Arg-NH-Mec were newly synthesized and tested to find specific substrates for blood-clotting proteases and trypsin. The Xaa and Yaa residues of these substrates have been replaced by 12 and 15 different amino acids, respectively. Among these peptides, the followings were found to be most sensitive substrates for individual enzymes: Boc-Asp(OBzl)-Pro-Arg-NH-Mec (kcat = 160 s-1, Km = 11 microM, kcat/Km = 15,000,000 M-1 s-1) for human alpha-thrombin, Z-less than Glu-Gly-Arg-NH-Mec (kcat = 19 s-1, Km = 59 microM, kcat/Km = 320,000 M-1 s-1) for bovine factor Xa, Boc-Gln-Gly-Arg-NH-Mec (kcat = 5.8 s-1, Km = 140 microM, kcat/Km = 42,000) for bovine factor XIIa, Boc-Asp(OBzl)-Ala-Arg-NH-Mec (kcat = 9.2 s-1, Km = 120 microM, kcat/Km = 77,000 M-1 s-1) for bovine activated protein C, and Boc-Gly-Phe-Arg-NH-Mec (kcat = 29 s-1, Km = 230 microM, kcat/Km = 130,000 M-1 s-1) for bovine plasma kallikrein. Moreover, Boc-Glu(OBzl)-Ala-Arg-NH-Mec (kcat = 46 s-1, Km = 370 microM, kcat/Km = 120,000 M-1 s-1) was newly found as a good substrate for human factor XIa. Bovine trypsin effectively hydrolyzed peptide-NH-Mec substrates containing Ala and Pro at the P2 site. The most reactive substrate was Boc-Gln-Ala-Arg-NH-Mec (kcat = 120 s-1, Km = 6.0 microM, kcat/Km = 20,000,000 M-1 s-1).
Gender differences in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain behavior and analgesic response in rats (2012)

No gender difference in paclitaxel-induced neuropathic pain or analgesic response to ketamine or morphine was observed in Sprague-Dawley rats. Low dose ketamine enhanced the analgesic effect of morphine on paclitaxel-induced mechanical allodynia but only in female rats.
Fabrication and characterization of sub-3 nm gaps for single-cluster and single-molecule experiments (2003)

We describe a simple process for preparing sub-3 nm gaps by means of controllable breaking of gold wires lithographed on a SiO2/Si substrate at low temperature (4.2 K). We show that the mechanism involved is thermally assisted electromigration. We investigate the effect of the high electric field developed at the final stage of the breaking of the nanowire and observe that the current–voltage characteristics (I–V) of the resulting electrodes are stable up to ∼5 V. This high-electric-field stability gives access to the well-known Fowler–Nordheim regime (eV > Φ0) in the I–V characteristic, thus allowing an accurate characterization of the gap size. The size of the gap is found to be between 1 and 2 nm. We validate this characterization by fabricating single-electron tunnelling devices based on alkylthiol capped gold nanoparticles.
Memory CD8+ T cells exhibit increased antigen threshold requirements for recall proliferation (2014)

A hallmark of immunological memory is the ability of previously primed T cells to undergo rapid recall responses upon antigen reencounter. Classic work has suggested that memory T cells proliferate in response to lower doses of antigen than naive T cells and with reduced requirements for co-stimulation. In contrast to this premise, we observed that naive but not memory T cells proliferate in vivo in response to limited antigen presentation. To reconcile these observations, we tested the antigen threshold requirement for cell cycle entry in naive and central memory CD8(+) T cells. Although both naive and memory T cells detect low dose antigen, only naive T cells activate cell cycle effectors. Direct comparison of TCR signaling on a single cell basis indicated that central memory T cells do not activate Zap70, induce cMyc expression, or degrade p27 in response to antigen levels that activate these functions in naive T cells. The reduced sensitivity of memory T cells may result from both decreased surface TCR expression and increased expression of protein tyrosine phosphatases as compared with naive T cells. Our data describe a novel aspect of memory T cell antigen threshold sensitivity that may critically regulate recall expansion.
High dynamic range (HDR) video processing for the exploitation of high bit-depth sensors in human-monitored surveillance (2014)

High bit-depth video data is becoming more common in imaging and remote sensing because higher bit-depth cameras are becoming more affordable. Displays often represent images in lower bit-depths, and human vision is not able to completely exploit this additional information in its native form. These problems are addressed with High Dynamic Range (HDR) tone mapping, which nonlinearly maps lightness levels from a high bit-depth image into a lower bit-depth representation in a way that attempts to retain and accentuate the maximum amount of useful information therein. We have adapted the well-known Contrast Limited Adaptive Histogram Equalization (CLAHE) algorithm into the application of HDR video tone mapping by using time-adaptive local histogram transformations. In addition to lightness contrast, we use the transformations in the L*a*b* color space to amplify color contrast in the video stream. The transformed HDR video data maintains important details in local contrast while maintaining relative lightness levels locally through time. Our results show that time-adapted HDR tone mapping methods can be used in real-time video processing to store and display HDR data in low bit-depth formats with less loss of useful information compared to simple truncation.
High‐Performance Ambipolar Diketopyrrolopyrrole‐Thieno[3,2‐<i>b</i>]thiophene Copolymer Field‐Effect Transistors with Balanced Hole and Electron Mobilities (2011)

Ambipolar OFETs with balanced hole and electron field-effect mobilities both exceeding 1 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) are achieved based on a single-solution-processed conjugated polymer, DPPT-TT, upon careful optimization of the device architecture, charge injection, and polymer processing. Such high-performance OFETs are promising for applications in ambipolar devices and integrated circuits, as well as model systems for fundamental studies.
Potentiation of Femtosecond Laser Intratissue Refractive Index Shaping (IRIS) in the Living Cornea with Sodium Fluorescein (2010)

IRIS can be efficiently performed in living corneal tissue. Increasing the TPA of the tissue with Na-Fl increased both the scanning speeds and the magnitude of RI changes in a dose-dependent manner. Ongoing studies are exploring the use of IRIS to alter the optical properties of corneal tissue in situ, over an extended period.
Identification of the Sex Pheromone of the German Cockroach, <i>Blattella germanica</i> (2005)

The sex pheromone of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, has been characterized as gentisyl quinone isovalerate. This cockroach is a major cause of allergic disease and serves as a mechanical vector of pathogens, making it one of the most important residential and food-associated pests worldwide. The sex pheromone-producing gland in adult females was identified in 1993, but thermal instability of the pheromone made characterization difficult. Now, using a new preparative gas chromatography approach coupled with electroantennographic detection, we have isolated and characterized the pheromone, which we term blattellaquinone, and confirmed the identification by chemical synthesis. The synthetic pheromone was active in behavioral assays and highly effective in field trapping tests, which suggest that it may provide a new tool in cockroach population detection, monitoring, and control.
Tumorigenesis induced by the HHV8-encoded chemokine receptor requires ligand modulation of high constitutive activity (2001)

ORF74 (or KSHV-vGPCR) is a highly constitutively active G protein-coupled receptor encoded by HHV8 that is regulated both positively and negatively by endogenous chemokines. When expressed in transgenic mice, this chemokine receptor induces an angioproliferative disease closely resembling Kaposi sarcoma (KS). Here we demonstrate that several lines of mice carrying mutated receptors deficient in either constitutive activity or chemokine regulation fail to develop KS-like disease. In addition, animals expressing a receptor that preserves chemokine binding and constitutive activity but that does not respond to agonist stimulation have a much lower incidence of angiogenic lesions and tumors. These results indicate that induction of the KS-like disease in transgenic mice by ORF74 requires not only high constitutive signaling activity but also modulation of this activity by endogenous chemokines.
A novel 0.20 μm full CMOS SRAM cell using stacked cross couple with enhanced soft error immunity (2002)

An SRAM cell is proposed, in which additional capacitance is formed between the two local interconnects which are used for cross couple wiring. This novel cell with stacked cross couple (SCC) has an advantage in reducing the cell area to 80% of that of the conventional SRAM cell. Furthermore, the capacitor area can be enlarged to 40% of the cell area which enables one to adopt thick capacitor insulator. Reduction in capacitor leakage current by using plasma SiN with low Si-H concentration, and the device performances are also discussed.
Research Report: Richness Versus Parsimony in Modeling Technology Adoption Decisions—Understanding Merchant Adoption of a Smart Card-Based Payment System (2001)

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) has received considerable research attention in the IS field over the past decade, placing an emphasis on the roles played by perceived ease-of-use and perceived usefulness in influencing technology adoption decisions. Meanwhile, alternative sets of antecedents to adoption have received less attention. In this paper, sets of antecedent constructs drawn from both TAM and the Perceived Characteristics of Innovating (PCI) inventory are tested and subsequently compared with one another. The comparison is done in the context of a large-scale market trial of a smart card-based electronic payment system being evaluated by a group of retailers and merchants. The PCI set of antecedents explains substantially more variance than does TAM, while also providing managers with more detailed information regarding the antecedents driving technology innovation adoption.
Assisted Handover Based on Device-to-Device Communications in 3GPP LTE Systems (2015)

The ever increasing demand in mobile data traffic, fueled by the fast proliferation of bandwidth-hungry wireless applications and services, has imposed new challenges on data rate requirements in emerging 5G systems. To meet these demanding expectations, the mainstream direction for the network operators is to deploy a higher density of various cellular infrastructure. Along these lines, this paper seeks to augment future handover operation by employing the recent Device-to-Device (D2D) communications technology. The underlying rationale behind our proposal is to equip the mobile users with better-quality direct links and thus improve the resulting service perception under the typical 3GPP LTE handover procedures. The proposed D2D-assisted handover scheme is able to efficiently offer the attractive energy efficiency, data rate, and packet delivery ratio benefits. By utilizing the tools from stochastic geometry, we derive the main performance metrics of interest for our solution, such as the distribution of signal-to-noise ratio experienced by a user entering the zone of overlapping coverage and the amount of time it remains in contact with a chosen D2D partner. The gains on top of the standard LTE handover procedures for all the considered parameters are further confirmed by extensive system-level simulations in video streaming and multimedia content downloading scenarios.
The dendritic cell receptor DNGR-1 controls endocytic handling of necrotic cell antigens to favor cross-priming of CTLs in virus-infected mice (2012)

DNGR-1 (CLEC9A) is a receptor for necrotic cells required by DCs to cross-prime CTLs against dead cell antigens in mice. It is currently unknown how DNGR-1 couples dead cell recognition to cross-priming. Here we found that DNGR-1 did not mediate DC activation by dead cells but rather diverted necrotic cell cargo into a recycling endosomal compartment, favoring cross-presentation to CD8(+) T cells. DNGR-1 regulated cross-priming in non-infectious settings such as immunization with antigen-bearing dead cells, as well as in highly immunogenic situations such as infection with herpes simplex virus type 1. Together, these results suggest that DNGR-1 is a dedicated receptor for cross-presentation of cell-associated antigens. Our work thus underscores the importance of cross-priming in immunity and indicates that antigenicity and adjuvanticity can be decoded by distinct innate immune receptors. The identification of specialized receptors that regulate antigenicity of virus-infected cells reveals determinants of antiviral immunity that might underlie the human response to infection and vaccination.
Some Signal Processing Aspects of Time-of-Flight Positron Emission Tomography (TOFPET) System Implementation (1983)

The implementation of data acquisition and real-time backprojection via a bit-slice microprocessor system places serious constraints on data format in TOF-PET systems. To minimize hardware costs and complexity and enhance processing speed, internal data representation is to be realized with a minimum number of bits without significant loss of accuracy. Specifically, we have examined in detail data formats necessary for the quantization of the TOF data and reconstruction filtering via integer FFT's. Estimates of data degradation as related to number of bits utilized have been obtained. It is shown that a significant reduction in image memory size and improvement in speed of computation can be achieved with the appropriate choice of data formats and algorithms.
Evaluating Structural Similarity in XML Documents (2002)

XML documents on the web are often found without DTDs, particularly when these documents have been created from legacy HTML. Yet having knowledge of the DTD can be valuable in querying and manipulating such documents. Recent work (XTRACT) has given us a means to (re-)construct a DTD to describe the structure common to a given set of document instances. However, given a collection of documents with unknown DTDs, it may not be appropriate to construct a single DTD to describe every document in the collection. Instead, we would wish to partition the collection into smaller sets of &quot;similar&quot; documents, and then induce a separate DTD for each such set. It is this partitioning problem that we address in this paper.
Insider Threat Cybersecurity Framework Webtool & Methodology: Defending Against Complex Cyber-Physical Threats (2018)

This paper demonstrates how the Insider Threat Cybersecurity Framework (ITCF) web tool and methodology help provide a more dynamic, defense-in-depth security posture against insider cyber and cyber-physical threats. ITCF includes over 30 cybersecurity best practices to help organizations identify, protect, detect, respond and recover to sophisticated insider threats and vulnerabilities. The paper tests the efficacy of this approach and helps validate and verify ITCF's capabilities and features through various insider attacks use-cases. Two case-studies were explored to determine how organizations can leverage ITCF to increase their overall security posture against insider attacks. The paper also highlights how ITCF facilitates implementation of the goals outlined in two Presidential Executive Orders to improve the security of classified information and help owners and operators secure critical infrastructure. In realization of these goals, ITCF: provides an easy to use rapid assessment tool to perform an insider threat self-assessment; determines the current insider threat cybersecurity posture; defines investment-based goals to achieve a target state; connects the cybersecurity posture with business processes, functions, and continuity; and finally, helps develop plans to answer critical organizational cybersecurity questions. In this paper, the webtool and its core capabilities are tested by performing an extensive comparative assessment over two different high-profile insider threat incidents.
Antimigraine drug interactions with serotonin receptor subtypes in human brain (1988)

The interactions of antimigraine agents with serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) receptor subtypes were analyzed in human frontal cortex membranes. The drugs studied included 5-HT antagonists, beta-adrenergic antagonists, and calcium channel blockers. At 5-HT1A sites labeled by 3H-8-hydroxy-2-(N,N-dipropylamino)-tetralin, (-)pindolol, alprenolol, (-)propranolol, methysergide, cyproheptadine, and pizotifen are similar in that they display affinities of approximately 100 nM for this receptor. By contrast, only methysergide displays relatively high affinity (120 +/- 60 nM), whereas all other drugs have affinities greater than 1,000 nM for non-5-HT1A sites labeled by 3H-5-HT in human cortex. Finally, at 5-HT2 receptors labeled by 3H-spiperone, cyproheptadine, methysergide, and pizotifen are extremely potent agents (affinity constants of 1 to 10 nM), whereas amitriptyline (23 +/- 4 nM), verapamil (140 +/- 50 nM), and nifedipine (320 +/- 80 nM) are moderately potent. All other drugs are inactive at concentrations below 1,000 nM. These data demonstrate that most antimigraine drugs display high affinity for the 5-HT1A and/or 5-HT2 receptor subtypes in human brain. However, antimigraine efficacy cannot be explained by drug interactions with a single 5-HT receptor subtype.
Xp22.3 genomic deletions involving the <i>CDKL5</i> gene in girls with early onset epileptic encephalopathy (2009)

CDKL5 gene deletions are an under-ascertained cause of early onset intractable epilepsy in girls. Genetic testing of CDKL5, including both mutation and deletion/duplication analysis, should be considered in this clinical subgroup.
X-Ray absorption spectroscopy studies on the structure of a biogenic “amorphous” calcium carbonate phase † (2000)

Amorphous calcium carbonate is formed by a surprisingly large number of organisms, bearing in mind how unstable it is. Organisms use amorphous calcium carbonate as temporary storage sites for ions, as precursor phases that transform into more stable crystalline calcium carbonate polymorphs, or in a stabilized form for mechanical purposes. Here one example is examined that fulfils the latter function; the so-called antler shaped spicules formed by the ascidian Pyura pachydermatina. These spicules are composed of amorphous calcium carbonate containing 16% (w/w) water and 14 mole% phosphate. A detailed X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) study of the calcium K-edge in the spicules shows a first co-ordination shell with seven/eight oxygen atoms, and a second co-ordination shell with four/five carbon atoms. The best fit was obtained using monohydrocalcite as model, and is consistent with a slightly expanded hydrated structure. It is noteworthy that the XAS spectrum of these spicules is quite different from that reported previously for the amorphous calcium carbonate of plant cystoliths. This raises the intriguing possibility that the biogenic amorphous phases differ structurally from each other, and that the differences can account for their diverse modes of formation and function.