gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Avoidability measure in moving obstacle avoidance problem and its use for robot motion planning (2002)

This paper presents a new solution approach to moving obstacle avoidance problem of a robot. A new concept avoidability measure (AVM) is defined to describe the state of a pair of a robot and an obstacle regarding the collision between them. As an AVM, virtual distance function (VDF) is derived as a function of the distance from the obstacle to the robot and outward speed of the obstacle relative to the robot. By keeping the virtual distance above some positive limit value, the robot avoids the obstacle. In terms of the VDF, an artificial potential field is constructed to repel the robot away from the obstacle and to attract the robot toward a goal location. At every sampling time, the artificial potential field is updated and the force driving the robot is derived from the gradient of the artificial potential field. The suggested algorithm drives the robot to avoid moving obstacles in real time. Since the algorithm considers the mobility of the obstacle as well as the distance, it is effective for moving obstacle avoidance. Some simulation studies show the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Effective alkaline metal-catalyzed oxidative delignification of hybrid poplar (2016)

This study demonstrated that the fed-batch, two-stage Cu-AHP pretreatment process was effective in pretreating hybrid poplar for its conversion into fermentable sugars. Results showed sugar yields near the theoretical maximum were achieved from enzymatically hydrolyzed hybrid poplar by incorporating an alkaline extraction step prior to pretreatment and by efficiently utilizing H2O2 during the Cu-AHP process. Significantly, this study reports high sugar yields from woody biomass treated with an AHP pretreatment under mild reaction conditions.
Requirement for the Transcription Factor LSIRF/IRF4 for Mature B and T Lymphocyte Function (1997)

Lymphocyte-specific interferon regulatory factor (LSIRF) (now called IRF4) is a transcription factor expressed only in lymphocytes. Mice deficient in IRF4 showed normal distribution of B and T lymphocyes at 4 to 5 weeks of age but developed progressive generalized lymphadenopathy. IRF4-deficient mice exhibited a profound reduction in serum immunoglobulin concentrations and did not mount detectable antibody responses. T lymphocyte function was also impaired in vivo; these mice could not generate cytotoxic or antitumor responses. Thus, IRF4 is essential for the function and homeostasis of both mature B and mature T lymphocytes.
Improved Ti<sub>1</sub>–xAl<sub>x</sub>N PVD Coatings for Dry High Speed Cutting Operations (1998)

Titanium aluminium nitride (Ti 1 – x Al x N) has been shown to enhance the performance of cutting tools in dry, high speed machining of cast iron and die steels when compared with TiN and TiCN coatings. The ultimate benefit of Ti 1 – x Al x N coatings depends on two main criteria: the microroughness of the coating surface has to be minimised, and the oxidation resistance has to be maximised. The microroughness is governed by the choice of deposition method whereas the oxidation resistance is controlled by the composition of the coating. In particular, the generation of macroparticles during the PVD process has to be suppressed and the Al content of the film metallic constituents has to be kept between 40 and 60 at.-%. To achieve these demands supplementary to excellent adhesion, a PVD deposition process has been developed based on combined steered arc and unbalanced magnetron sputtering techniques. Using Cr in the steered arc sustained metal ion etching process the desired adhesion criteria may be exceeded and the surface roughness is kept as low as R a = 0·04 μm. Unbalanced magnetronsputtering takes place from 50: 50 (at.-%) TiAI alloy targets. Further improvement has been achieved by incorporation of 3 at.-%Cr and, in particular, about 2 at.-% Y into the TiA1N coating, leading to an optimised film composition of Ti 0·42 Al 0.53 Cr 0.03 Y0.02N. Cross-sectional TEM analysis, SNMS depth profiling, and thermogravimetric evaluation reveal grain refinement, interface stabilisation, and reduced oxidation at temperatures up to 950°C. These coatings allow enhanced dry drilling performance in GG 25 grey cast iron at a cutting speed of 60 m min –1 and feed of 0·2 mm rev –1 , and dry milling of 56 HRC die steel with a 300 m min –1 (12000 rev min –1 ) cutting speed and linear feeds up to 6 m min –1 , with a total lifetime of more than 20 h for this latter application.
A CSCW framework for the flexible coupling of groupware widgets (2003)

Modern CSCW (computer supported cooperative work) applications are driven by intensive graphical user interfaces. Groupware widgets such as shared scrollbars and text editors are common in these applications to facilitate synchronization of shared information across a user group. These widgets differ from their single-user counterparts in that they must coordinate and consistently reflect changes in shared widget properties. We propose a framework allowing these groupware widgets to be transformed from their single-user counterparts. The framework enables single-user widgets to register their connections to a separate notification server. After registration, these widgets become groupware widgets. The notification server uses the registered connections to update widgets of the changes in shared properties using a callback mechanism. Widget designers only need to determine the set of properties by which a group of widgets should be synchronized and to what extent they are synchronized. These properties collectively define the coupling among a group of widgets. The coupling is kept as a coupling portfolio in the notification server. Dynamic modification of coupling portfolios is supported by on-the-fly reconfiguration of multicast groups. Our framework is useful to simplify the client implementation of handling synchronization events and reduce the overheads of processing these events. These concepts are illustrated using a groupware Web browser.
Haemodynamic effects of intravenous nimodipine following aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage: implications for monitoring (1997)

Nimodipine is widely used in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage for the prevention and treatment of delayed ischaemic neurological deficits. Intravenous nimodipine has significant vasodilatory properties and may compromise the achievement of haemodynamic targets in patients who receive hypertensive hypervolaemic haemodilution therapy. We have studied 22 patients who received postoperative therapy with intravenous nimodipine and show that in a substantial minority (29%) hypotension was not reversed by simple volume loading or low doses of inotropes. Formal haemodynamic assessment in these patients showed widely varying haemodynamic variables, with differences in the need for inotropic and vasopressor therapy. We conclude that optimal haemodynamic management in this subgroup of patients will require the use of pulmonary artery catheterisation.
Unusual photoluminescence properties in amorphous silicon nanopowder produced by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (1994)

The supralinear dependence of visible photoluminescence intensity from amorphous silicon nanopowder produced in plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition on excitation power and its exponential dependence on pressure is reported. It is shown that this new material emits two different kinds of photoluminescence that dominate at different pressures.
Improvements in the Seismic Profiler (1964)

Three improvements in the continuous seismic profiling system used by the Geophysics Department of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution are the use of (1) an electrical-spark sound source of 100 000 J maximum stored energy, which can produce a variety of acoustic pulses with peak pressures of up to 134 dB above 1 dyn/cm2, at a repetition period of 10 sec with a conversion efficiency (stored electrical energy to acoustic output energy) of 10%, (2) streamlined, neutrally buoyant, line-hydrophone arrays with bandpass from 20 to 1000 cps, and (3) a matched-filter detector that correlates the reflected signal, with the outgoing signal achieving as much as an 8-fold improvement in the signal-to-noise ratio. This system has been used at ship speeds up to 11 Kt in continental-shelf areas, with penetrations of up to 0.8 sec and at 5 Kt in deep-sea areas with penetrations of up to 1.3 sec. Each of these improvements is discussed and data taken with this system are compared with data taken with earlier systems.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ARYL‐1‐(4‐MORPHOLINOPHENYL)‐4‐(3,4‐DISUBSTITUTED‐BENZYLIDENE)IMIDAZOLIN‐5‐ONES AS CNS ACTIVE AGENTS (1983)

Abstract Aus den Aroylglycinen (I) und den Benzaldehyden (II) werden die Azlactone (III) hergestellt, die mit 4‐Morpholino‐anilin (IV) zu den Imidazolinonen (V) kondensiert werden.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Properties of ZrMo<sub>2</sub>O<sub>8</sub> (2009)

ZrMo2O8 was synthesized via two routes, namely, the traditional solid-state method and the solution combustion method. The compounds were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, UV−visible spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. The crystals belong to a trigonal crystal system, space group P3̅1c (No. 163) with a = 10.1391(6) Å, c = 11.7084(8) Å, and Z = 6. The band gap of the compounds was around 2.7 eV, and DFT calculations suggest the indirect nature of the band gap. The irregular MoO4 tetrahedra create a dipole and inhibit the process of electron−hole recombination, thereby making the material photoactive. The photocatalytic activity of the compounds prepared by both routes has been investigated for the degradation of various dyes under UV irradiation, and this showed the specificity of the compounds towards the degradation of non-anthraquinonic dyes.
Coastal Harmful Algae Bloom Monitoring via a Sustainable, Sail-Powered Mobile Platform (2019)

Harmful algae blooms (HAB) in coastal marine environments are increasing in number and duration, pressuring local resource managers to implement mitigation solutions to protect human and ecosystem health. However, insufficient spatial and temporal observations create uninformed management decisions. In order to better detect and map blooms, as well as the environmental conditions responsible for their formation, long-term, unattended observation platforms are desired. In this article, we describe a new cost-efficient, autonomous, mobile platform capable of accepting several sensors that can be used to monitor harmful algae blooms in near real-time. The Navocean autonomous sail-powered surface vehicle is deployable by a single person from shore, capable of waypoint navigation in shallow and deep waters, and powered completely by renewable energy. We present results from three surveys of the Florida Red Tide harmful algae bloom (Karenia brevis) of 2017-2018. The vessel made significant progress towards waypoints regardless of wind conditions while underway measurements revealed patches of elevated chl. a likely attributable to the K. brevis blooms as based on ancillary measurements. Measurements of colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and turbidity provided an environmental context for the blooms. While the autonomous sailboat directly adds to our phytoplankton/HAB monitoring capabilities, the package may also help to ground-truth satellite measurements of HABs if careful validation measurements are performed. Finally, several other pending and future use cases for coastal and inland monitoring are discussed. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a sail-driven vessel used for coastal HAB monitoring.
Bandfilling and photon-assisted tunneling in a quantum-well transistor laser (2011)

Data and a phenomenological model for quantum-well (QW) transistor laser operation are presented showing, via the three-port input-output (electrical and optical) characteristics, the strong QW to collector coupling and the influence of bandfilling (QW states, Δhν recombination radiation, sensitivity of Eλ0→Eλ1,λ0→λ1,λ0&gt;λ1) on base-to-collector photon-assisted tunneling and laser operation. Transistor (electrical) and laser (optical) operation are locked and “slide” up and down as a function of base current (IB), collector-base voltage (VBC or VCE), and the influence of QW bandfilling (with increased sensitivity at Eλ0→Eλ1) on photon-assisted base-collector tunneling.
Advanced architecture for a low cost Multifunction Phased Array Radar (2010)

MIT Lincoln Laboratory and M/A-COM are jointly conducting a technology demonstration of affordable Multifunction Phased Array Radar (MPAR) technology for Next Generation air traffic control and national weather surveillance services. Aggressive cost and performance goals have been established for the system. The array architecture and its realization using custom Transmit and Receive Integrated Circuits and a panel-based Line Replaceable Unit (LRU) will be presented. A program plan for risk reduction and system demonstration will be outlined.
The Properties of ZnAlMg Alloys for Batch Hot Dip Metallization (2016)

In the paper the melting point of Zn-Al alloys with the addition of Mg has been determined, based on solidification curves. The alloys used for the tests were alloys containing 7, 15, 23 and 31 wt.% Al with the addition of 3 or 6 wt.% Mg. It has been determined that the solidification temperature of the ZnAlMg alloy is a synergistic effect of the Al and Mg contents. In alloys with lower contents of Al (7, 15 wt.% Al) an increase in the content of Mg leads to an increase of the melting point. In baths with higher contents of Al (23, 31 wt.% Al) the addition of Mg causes a decrease of the melting point. It has been determined that the melting point of the Zn-31Al6Mg alloy drops to 438°C, due to which the alloy can be used for metallization in temperature conditions close to the temperature of traditional hot dip galvanizing.
Evaluation of the structural, physicochemical, and biological characteristics of SB4, a biosimilar of etanercept (2016)

A biosimilar is a biological medicinal product that is comparable to a reference medicinal product in terms of quality, safety, and efficacy. SB4 was developed as a biosimilar to Enbrel® (etanercept) and was approved as Benepali®, the first biosimilar of etanercept licensed in the European Union (EU). The quality assessment of SB4 was performed in accordance with the ICH comparability guideline and the biosimilar guidelines of the European Medicines Agency and Food and Drug Administration. Extensive structural, physicochemical, and biological testing was performed with state-of-the-art technologies during a side-by-side comparison of the products. Similarity of critical quality attributes (CQAs) was evaluated on the basis of tolerance intervals established from quality data obtained from more than 60 lots of EU-sourced and US-sourced etanercept. Additional quality assessment was focused on a detailed investigation of immunogenicity-related quality attributes, including hydrophobic variants, high-molecular-weight (HMW) species, N-glycolylneuraminic acid (NGNA), and α-1,3-galactose. This comprehensive characterization study demonstrated that SB4 is highly similar to the reference product, Enbrel®, in structural, physicochemical, and biological quality attributes. In addition, the levels of potential immunogenicity-related quality attributes of SB4 such as hydrophobic variants, HMW aggregates, and α-1,3-galactose were less than those of the reference product.
Fiber-assisted detection with photon number resolution (2003)

We report the development of a photon-number-resolving detector based on a fiber-optical setup and a pair of standard avalanche photodiodes. The detector is capable of resolving individual photon numbers and operates on the well-known principle by which a single-mode input state is split into a large number (eight) of output modes. We reconstruct the photon statistics of weak coherent input light from experimental data and show that there is a high probability of inferring the input photon number from a measurement of the number of detection events on a single run.
Subclinical Inflammation with Increased Neutrophil Activity in Healthy Twin Siblings Reflect Environmental Influence in the Pathogenesis of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (2013)

We observed increased NF-κB, MPO, and FC in healthy twins in both monozygotic and dizygotic discordant pairs with IBD. These novel findings speak for an ongoing subclinical inflammation with increased neutrophil activity in healthy first-degree relatives.
Cerium scandium borate — an active nonlinear medium for diode-pumped lasers (1998)

The results are given of measurements of the optical characteristics of cerium scandium borate crystals. A study is reported of the influence of the activator ion on the efficiency of conversion of stimulated radiation to the second harmonic. It is shown that neodymium-activated crystals can be used as nonlinear active elements in diode-pumped lasers.
Nicotine Inhibits Voltage-Dependent Sodium Channels and Sensitizes Vanilloid Receptors (2004)

Nicotine is an alkaloid that is used by large numbers of people. When taken into the body, it produces a myriad of physiological actions that occur primarily through the activation of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). We have explored its ability to modulate TRPV1 receptors and voltage-gated sodium channels. The reason for investigating nicotine's effect on sodium channels is to obtain a better understanding of its anti-nociceptive properties. The reasons for investigating its effects on capsaicin-activated TRPV1 channels are to understand how it may modulate this channel that is involved in pain, inflammation, and gustatory physiology. Whole cell patch-clamp recordings from rat trigeminal ganglion (TG) nociceptors revealed that nicotine exhibited anesthetic properties by decreasing the number of evoked action potentials and by inhibiting tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium currents. This anesthetic property can be produced without the necessity of activating nAChRs. Nicotine also modulates TRPV1 receptors inducing a several-fold increase in capsaicin-activated currents in both TG neurons and in cells with heterologously expressed TRPV1 receptors. This sensitizing effect does not require the activation of nAChRs. Nicotine did not alter the threshold temperature (approximately 41 degrees C) of heat-activated currents in TG neurons that were attributed to arise from the activation of TRPV1 receptors. In this regard, its effect on TRPV1 receptors differs from those of ethanol that has been shown to increase the capsaicin-activated current but decrease the threshold temperature. These studies document several new effects of nicotine on channels involved in nociception and indicate how they may impact physiological processes involving pain and gustation.
Ultrasound properties of articular cartilage in the tibio-femoral joint in knee osteoarthritis: relation to clinical assessment (International Cartilage Repair Society grade) (2008)

Site-specific differences in signal intensity suggest that a superficial collagen network may be maintained in cartilage of the lateral condyle but may deteriorate in cartilage of the medial condyle and the medial tibial plateau in varus knee osteoarthritis. Signal intensity may be helpful to differentiate ICRS grades, especially grade 0 cartilage from grade 1 cartilage.
Automatic trimap generation for digital image matting (2013)

Digital image matting is one of the most popular topics in image processing in recent years. For most matting methods, trimap serves as one of the key inputs, and the accuracy of the trimap affects image matting result a lot. Most existing works did not pay much attention to acquiring a trimap; instead, they assumed that the trimap was given, meaning the matting process usually involved users' inputs. In this paper, an automatic trimap generation technique is proposed. First, the contour of the segmentation result is dilated to get an initial guess of the trimap followed by alpha estimation. Then, a smart brush with dynamic width is performed by analyzing the structure of the foreground object to generate another trimap. In other words, the brush size is enlarged if the object boundary contains fine details like hair, fur, etc. On the contrary, the brush size gets smaller if the contour of the object is just a simple curve or straight line. Moreover, by combining the trimap obtained in step one and downsampling the image, the uncertainty is defined as the blurred region, and the third trimap is formed. The final step is to combine these three trimaps together by voting. The experimental results show that the trimap generated by the proposed method effectively improves the matting result. Moreover, the enhancement of the accuracy of the trimap results in a reduction of regions to be processed, so that the matting procedure is accelerated.
T-cell epitope analogues from carcinoembryonic antigen for vaccination against cancer: WO2009002418 (2009)

Although the available data clearly support the basic claims that some of the peptide analogues indeed are able to induce a potent immune response in mice to the corresponding wild-type epitopes, the lack of in vivo antitumor data for any of the covered vaccine modalities prevents a thorough evaluation of the stated claims.
Circadian modulation of calcium levels in cells in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (2000)

There is reason to believe that resting free calcium concentration [Ca2+]i in neurons in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) may vary with the circadian cycle. In order to start to examine this hypothesis, optical techniques were utilized to estimate resting Ca2+ levels in SCN cells in a rat brain slice preparation. [Ca2+]i measured from the soma was significantly higher in the day than in the night. Animals from a reversed light-dark cycle were used to confirm that the phase of the rhythm was determined by the prior light-dark cycle. The rhythm in Ca2+ levels continued to be expressed in tissue collected from animals maintained in constant darkness, thus confirming the endogenous nature of this variation. Interestingly, the rhythm in Ca2+ levels was not observed when animals were housed in constant light. Finally, the rhythm in Ca2+ levels was prevented when slices were exposed to tetrodotoxin (TTX), a blocker of voltage-sensitive sodium channels. Similar results were obtained with the voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channel blocker methoxyverapamil. These observations suggest a critical role for membrane events in driving the observed rhythm in Ca2+. Conceptually, this rhythm can be thought of as an output of the circadian oscillator. Because [Ca2+]i is known to play a critical role in many cellular processes, the presence of this rhythm is likely to have many implications for the cell biology of SCN neurons.
Metadata for Building the MultiMedia Patch Quilt (1996)

. Huge amounts of data available in a variety of digital forms has been collected and stored in thousands of repositories. However, the information relevant to a user or application need may be stored in multiple forms in different repositories. Answering a user query may require correlation of information at a semantic level across multiple forms and representations. We present a three-level architecture comprising of the ontology, metadata and data levels for enabling this correlation. Components of this architecture are explained by using an example from a GIS application. Metadata is the most critical level in our architecture. Various types of metadata developed by researchers for different media are reviewed and classified wrt the extent they model data or information content. The reference terms and the ontology of the metadata are classified wrt their dependence on the application domain. We identify the type of metadata suitable for enabling correlation at a semantic level. I...