gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ka-band IQ vector modulator employing GaAs HBTs (2011)

The importance of high-performance, low-cost and millimeter-wave transmitters for digital communications and radar applications is increasing. The design and performance of a Ka-band balanced in-phase and quadrature-phase (I-Q) type vector modulator, using GaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors (HBTs) as switching elements, are presented. The balanced technique is used to remove the parasitics of the HBTs to result in near perfect constellations. Measurements of the monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) chip with a size of 1.89 × 2.26 mm2 demonstrate an amplitude error below 1.5 dB and the phase error within 3° between 26 and 40 GHz except for a singular point at 35.6 GHz. The results show that the technique is suitable for millimeter-wave digital communications.
Biomass reactivity in gasification by the Hynol process. Report for November 94-May 1995 (1995)

The paper discusses the use of a thermobalance reactor to evaluate the reactivity of poplar wood in gasification under the operating conditions specific for the Hynol process (30 atm and 800 C). The gasification involved a rapid devolization and pyrolysis reaction of the volatile matter in biomass and slow reaction of residual carbon with the process gas. Gasification rate and biomass conversion were strongly affected by reaction temperature and particle size. The conv ersion was proportional to the partial pressures of hydrogen and steam in the feed gas. A kinetic model was developed to correlate the experimental data and quantitatively express gasification rates and biomass conversion as functions of reaction time. The activation energies for the rapid and slow reactions were estimated to be 3.8 and 34 kcal/mol, respectively.
Temporal consistency enhancement on depth sequences (2010)

Currently, depth sequences generated by automatic depth estimation suffer from the temporal inconsistency problem. Estimated depth values of some objects vary in adjacent frames, whereas the objects actually remain on the same depth planes. These temporal depth errors significantly impair the visual quality of the synthesized virtual view as well as the coding efficiency of the depth sequences. Since depth sequences correspond to texture sequences, some erroneous temporal depth variations can be detected by analyzing temporal variations of the texture sequences. Utilizing this property, we propose a novel solution to enhance the temporal consistency of depth sequences by applying adaptive temporal filtering on them. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed depth filtering algorithm can effectively suppress transient depth errors and generate more stable depth sequences, resulting in notable temporal quality improvement of the synthesized views and higher coding efficiency on the depth sequences.
Carcinoembryonic antigenic activity of tissue extracts: A quantitative study of malignant and benign neoplasms, cirrhotic liver, normal adult and fetal organs (1973)

Abstract A quantitative study of carcinoembryonic antigenic activity (CEA) in extracts of 44 tumors, 42 fetal and 36 non‐malignant adult tissues from various organs was made and the CEA content detected by microradioimmunoassay was related to the wet tissue weight. A variety of malignant neoplasms, including carcinomas, sarcoma and Hodgkin's disease, contained CEA (range 17 to 2727 ng); apart from gastrointestinal carcinomas which had the highest content of CEA (230–2727 ng/g) only carcinomas of the lung contained moderate amounts of CEA (63–950 ng/g). The amount of CEA in extracts of fetal and normal adult organs was mostly low or not detectable except in the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas where it ranged from 65 to 200 ng/g in the fetus, and 28 to 86 ng/g in the adult. Differences in mean content of CEA between normal and cirrhotic livers were not significant. Although our results indicated that CEA was present in varying amounts in a variety of tumors the identification of these reactive substances will require more precise physico‐chemical and antigenic characterization.
Synthesis and enantiomeric purity determination of the optically active epoxide disparlure, sex pheromone of the gypsy moth (1979)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and enantiomeric purity determination of the optically active epoxide disparlure, sex pheromone of the gypsy mothWilliam H. Pirkle and Peter L. RinaldiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1979, 44, 7, 1025–1028Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1979Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1979https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01321a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01321a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views547Altmetric-Citations26LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Robust cyclometallated Ir(iii) catalysts for the homogeneous hydrogenation of N-heterocycles under mild conditions (2013)

Cyclometallated Cp*Ir(N^C)Cl complexes derived from N-aryl ketimines are highly active catalysts for the reduction of N-heterocycles under ambient conditions and 1 atm H2 pressure. The reaction tolerates a broad range of other potentially reducible functionalities and does not require the use of specialised equipment, additives or purified solvent.
[Congenital polyfibromatosis: clinical and genetic studies]. (1976)

Clinical and genetic investigations were performed on seven members of a family suffering from multiple hereditary fibromatosis. These studies indicate that the responsible gene appears to be coupled and transmitted with that of the rhesus system, located at chromosome one. The diagnosis, differential diagnosis and therapy, as well as histological alterations are pointed out and the importance of hormonal factors is discussed.
Probabilistic Segmentation and Tagging of Unknown Words (2016)

형태소 분석시 나타나는 고유명사나 신조어 등의 미등록어에 대한 처리는 다양한 도메인의 문서 처리에 필수적이다. 이 논문에서는 3단계 확률 기반 형태소 분석에서 미등록어를 분리하고 태깅하기 위한 방법을 제시한다. 이 방법은 고유명사나 일반명사와 같은 개방어 뒤에 붙는 다양한 접미사를 분석하여 미등록 개방어를 추정할 수 있도록 했다. 이를 위해 형태소 품사 부착 말뭉치에서 자동으로 접미사 패턴을 학습하고, 확률 기반 형태소 분석에 맞도록 미등록 개방어의 분리 및 태깅 확률을 계산하는 방법을 제시하였다. 실험 결과, 제안한 방법은 새로운 미등록 용어가 많이 나오는 문서에서 미등록어 처리 성능을 크게 향상시켰다.
Comment (1987)

Abstract A Noniterative Sampling/Importance Resampling Alternative to the Data Augmentation Algorithm for Creating a Few Imputations When Fractions of Missing Information Are Modest: The SIR Algorithm
Methods for collection and analysis of water samples (1960)

Sample containers (A:3a)___________-_________-____-_-_____-Apparatus for sampling water that contains nonvolatile constituents unsusceptible to aeration (A:3b)__________________ Apparatus for sampling water that contains dissolved gases and constituents susceptible to aeration
Optimization of a Vertical-Horizontal Heavy Oil Thermal Operation by using Automated Field-scale Control (2013)

Abstract Given its water consumption and greenhouse gas emissions to the atmosphere, it is critical to optimize the steam injection strategy and steam conformance in steam-based oil sands recovery processes such as cyclic steam stimulation and steam- assisted gravity drainage to minimize the steam-to-oil ratio and maximize the cumulative oil volume produced. Given the heterogeneity of oil sands reservoirs, robust adaptive oil sands processes which respond to the system to continuously shift the operation towards desired operational objectives are desired. This kind of adaptive control can be achieved by proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control. PID automated control is a relatively simple method to control well operations in thermal processes by using observed data already measured in existing steam-based recovery processes. Here, a vertical-horizontal hybrid well configuration within an oil sands reservoir, with reservoir properties previously tuned by a history-match to field data, is operated under PID control to demonstrate that automated control can yield improvements of recovery process performance. Here, the well configuration consists of multiple vertical injectors and a few horizontal producers – early in the process, cyclic steam stimulation is initially done in the vertical wells to establish thermal communication within the reservoir. After sufficient communication is accomplished, the steam is injected into the vertical wells and fluids are produced through the horizontal wells in a steam-assisted gravity drainage mode. Automated control must accomplish thermal communication between the vertical and horizontal wells and thereafter the steam must be controlled to minimize the steam-to-oil ratio and maximize the oil rate. The results demonstrate that PID control can be used to improve the cSOR and volume of oil produced.
Do wormholes play a role in heavy oil cold production? (2004)

The simultaneous extraction of oil and sand during the cold production of heavy oil generates high porosity channels termed “wormholes”. Wormholes grow in a 3D radial pattern within a certain layer of net pay zones, resulting in the development of a high permeability network in the reservoir, boosting oil recovery. Meanwhile, the development of wormholes causes reservoir pressure to fall below the bubble point, resulting in dissolved‐gas coming out of solution to form foamy oil. Amplitude anomalies in the vicinity of the borehole observed in time‐lapse seismic survey are possibly a result of the presence of foamy oil and wormholes. The foamy oil effects on seismic responses have been discussed at the CSEG convention of 2003. Here, we address the use of time‐lapse reflection seismology to detect the effects of wormholes. Tremblay et al. (1999) observed in the laboratory experiments that the diameters of wormholes are relatively small, on the order of centimetres, but the porosity of the mature wormholes could reach 50% or more. With porosities greater than the critical porosity within wormholes, both frame and shear moduli of the suspension sands could significantly decrease. The shear modulus tends to zero in the suspension sands. This leads to the decrease of both P‐wave and S‐wave velocities of the wormhole sands. Althrough individual wormholes cannot be imaged as their diameters are of the order of centimeters, macroscopic effects of wormholes on P‐ and S‐wave velocities of the reservoir rock can be possibly observed, when large amount of sands are produced, and high dense wormholes exist. 2D numerical models have been designed to examine the footprints of wormholes from both PP and PS seismic data. The modeling results indicate that PS data can better image the wormhole footprints than PP data. The increase of amplitude anomalies appears to be proportional to wormhole density.
TGF-α and EGFR in head and neck cancer (1993)

The upper aerodigestive tract mucosa of patients who develop squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck (SCCHN) is predisposed to abnormally regulated growth, evidenced by the high incidence of synchronous and metachronous malignancies. We conducted a series of experiments to show that aberrant regulation of the epithelial growth factor, transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-alpha) and its cell surface receptor, the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), contribute to this predisposition. Using molecular biological techniques, we compared the incidence and mechanism of TGF-alpha and EGFR over-production in fresh tumors and histologically normal mucosal specimens from patients with SCCHN and normal, control patients without cancer. In patients with SCCHN, TGF-alpha and EGFR mRNA levels were significantly elevated in both tumor and normal mucosal specimens as compared to levels in control mucosa from non-cancer patients. Neither an enhancement of message stability nor an increase in gene copy number alone accounted for the elevation of EGFR mRNA. Increased production of TGF-alpha and EGFR mRNAs in the histologically "normal" mucosa of patients at risk for a primary or secondary head and neck cancer may serve both as a marker for malignant transformation and as a target for chemoprevention.
Using high-throughput barcode sequencing to efficiently map connectomes (2017)

Abstract The function of a neural circuit is determined by the details of its synaptic connections. At present, the only available method for determining a neural wiring diagram with single synapse precision—a “connectome”—is based on imaging methods that are slow, labor-intensive and expensive. Here we present SYNseq, a method for converting the connectome into a form that can exploit the speed and low cost of modern high-throughput DNA sequencing. In SYNseq, each neuron is labeled with a unique random nucleotide sequence—an RNA “barcode”—which is targeted to the synapse using engineered proteins. Barcodes in pre- and postsynaptic neurons are then associated through protein-protein crosslinking across the synapse, extracted from the tissue, and then joined into a form suitable for sequencing. Although at present the inefficiency in our hands of barcode joining precludes the widespread application of this approach, we expect that with further development SYNseq will enable tracing of complex circuits at high speed and low cost.
Terahertz Studies of Collision-Broadened Rotational Lines (1997)

Via terahertz (THz) coherent transients and THz time-domain spectroscopy, we have measured the far-wing absorption line profile of the ensembles of collision-broadened ground state rotational lines of methyl bromide, methyl chloride, and methyl fluoride vapors out to more than 200 line widths from resonance, corresponding to frequency offsets as much as 5 times the resonant frequency. On these far wings the measured absorption is approximately an order of magnitude less than that predicted by the van Vleck−Weisskopf theory. Our observations show that as the offset frequency is increased, a transition occurs from the regime of the van Vleck−Weisskopf theory to the regime of the Lorentz theory. These measurements are fit to a new molecular response theory which explicitly includes the molecular orientation time during a collision. Due to the broad bandwidth of the THz pulses, we demonstrate the validity of this molecular response theory for the far-wing absorption of methyl fluoride, chloride, and bromide. The excellent theoretical fit to our measurements encompassing the frequency range over which this transition occurs indicates a molecular response time on the order of 200 fs. These measurements also permit determination of the line-width dependence on the rotational quantum number J.
Identification of biomarkers that distinguish human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive versus HPV-negative head and neck cancers in a mouse model (2006)

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Recent reports have associated a subset of HNSCC with high-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs), particularly HPV16, the same subset of HPVs responsible for the majority of cervical and anogenital cancers. In this study we describe a mouse model for HPV-associated HNSCC that employs mice transgenic for the HPV16 oncogenes E6 and E7. In these mice, E6 and E7 induce aberrant epithelial proliferation and, in the presence of a chemical carcinogen, they increase dramatically the animal's susceptibility to HNSCC. The cancers arising in the HPV16-transgenic mice mirror the molecular and histopathological characteristics of human HPV-positive HNSCC that distinguish the latter from human HPV-negative HNSCC, including overexpression of p16 protein and formation of more basaloid cancers. This validated model of HPV-associated HNSCC provides the means to define the contributions of individual HPV oncogenes to HNSCC and to understand the molecular basis for the differing clinical properties of HPV-positive and HPV-negative human HNSCC. From this study, we identify minichromosome maintenance protein 7 (MCM7) and p16 as potentially useful biomarkers for HPV-positive head and neck cancer.
Near Infrared Cameras to Capture Full Color Images-A Study of Color Reproduction Methods Without an Infrared Cut Filter for Digital Color Cameras- (2010)

We propose a color reproduction method without an infrared cut filter (IRCF) for digital color cameras. The infrared cut filter in a camera eliminates infrared rays over 700 nm in order to adjust the spectrum sensitivity of the image sensor to the color-matching functions of the human eye. Without an IRCF, the spectrum sensitivity of the image sensor fails to satisfy the Luther condition. To achieve good color reproduction without an IRCF, we employed two techniques (: 1) a color correction matrix with nonlinear terms and (2) changes to the matrix coefficient according to the color temperature of illumination. Results demonstrate that our techniques enable a better color reproduction than conventional methods without an IRCF.
Introduction (1971)

Rural society in Europe today displays many contradictory features. Many of its characteristics are obviously derived from the past. Some are vestigial, but others are fundamental and hence capable of little modification. The labour commitment of the peasant family chef d’entreprise falls into this latter category. Other features are highly contemporary — the feminisation of the labour force, for instance. Much that is new is urban or industrial in origin; but that does not make rural life a pale imitation of what goes on in the city. Agriculture is still not a species of factory existence. In no part of Europe, it would be safe to generalise, does rural life any longer closely resemble the conditions to be found in the rural areas of pre-war Europe. But in some regions change has not progressed sufficiently to prevent one from perceiving what those conditions were like. In other regions the break with the past appears to be almost complete.
Synthesis, properties & applications of N-heterocyclic olefins in catalysis (2019)

N-Heterocyclic olefins (NHOs), a recently (re-)discovered type of electron-rich, polar alkene, are comprehensively presented. Along with synthetic aspects and chemical properties, special emphasis is put on the multi-faceted impact NHOs already have had on catalysis. This is discussed along the lines of small molecule organocatalysis, organo- and metal-assisted polymerization and of the understanding and application of NHO-ligated organometallic complexes. Highlighted are the strong basicity of NHOs ("superbases"), their high nucleophilicity and the design principles to tailor NHO (organo-)catalysts. It is demonstrated that NHOs can complement, and in many cases out-perform, the much better established N-heterocyclic carbene-based systems. Examples include among others CO<sub>2</sub>-sequestration, the polymerization of lactones and epoxides or the transfer hydrogenation of carbonyls. Further, the unique ability to selectively address basic or nucleophilic reaction pathways via NHO-mediation is detailed, as is the bonding situation in NHO-metal complexes and the ability of the olefin to act as an electronically flexible ligand.
Amino acid abnormalities in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with parkinsonism and extrapyramidal disorders (1976)

Free amino acid determinations in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with Parkinson's disease or other extrapyramidal disorders showed that in both groups most amino acids were increased. Significantly increased amino acids were neutral and basic amino acids. Amino acid clusters were present and corresponded with the grouping of amino acids in accordance with amino acid transport systems. The amino acids within the clusters showed a remarkable degree of correlation, and there was a notable correlation between the clusters both in the parkinsonian group and in the group of extrapyramidal disorders, but not in a control group. Our data suggest that in a number of extrapyramidal disorders, Parkinson's disease included, a more generalized abnormality exists than neuronal loss only and, in addition, that patients with these neurologic conditions have a common biochemical defect in their amino acid transport systems.
Effects of vitamin E supplementation on renal non-enzymatic antioxidants in young rats submitted to exhaustive exercise stress (2011)

Vitamin E supplementation improved non-enzymatic antioxidant activity in young rats submitted to exhaustive exercise stress.
Amyloid β-Peptide 25–35 Self-Assembly and Its Inhibition: A Model Undecapeptide System to Gain Atomistic and Secondary Structure Details of the Alzheimer’s Disease Process and Treatment (2012)

Combined results of theoretical molecular dynamic simulations and in vitro spectroscopic (circular dichroism and fluorescence) studies are presented, providing the atomistic and secondary structure details of the process by which a selected small molecule may destabilize the β-sheet ordered "amyloid" oligomers formed by the model undecapeptide of amyloid β-peptide 25-35 [Aβ(25-35)]. Aβ(25-35) was chosen because it is the shortest fragment capable of forming large β-sheet fibrils and retaining the toxicity of the full length Aβ(1-40/42) peptides. The conformational transition, that leads to the formation of β-sheet fibrils from soluble unordered structures, was found to depend on the environmental conditions, whereas the presence of myricetin destabilizes the self-assembly and antagonizes this conformational shift. In parallel, we analyzed several molecular dynamics trajectories describing the evolution of five monomer fragments, without inhibitor as well as in the presence of myricetin. Other well-known inhibitors (curcumin and (-)-tetracycline), found to be stronger and weaker Aβ(1-42) aggregation inhibitors, respectively, were also studied. The combined in vitro and theoretical studies of the Aβ(25-35) self-assembly and its inhibition contribute to understanding the mechanism of action of well-known inhibitors and the peptide amino acid residues involved in the interaction leading to a rational drug design of more potent new molecules able to antagonize the self-assembly process.
InGaAsP-InP 1.55 μm lasers with integrated mode expanders using fiber-matched leaky waveguides (2002)

We have successfully demonstrated a novel InGaAsP mode-expanded MQW laser based on the adiabatic transformation of the laser rib mode into a fiber-matched ARROW waveguide. The fabrication is drastically simplified to one planar growth step and one conventional non-critical etch step. Efficient mode transformation and considerable reduction of the horizontal and vertical far-field FWHM have been achieved.