gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Acute and subchronic toxicity of thymoquinone in mice (1998)

The effects of acute and subchronic administration of thymoquinone (TQ), the main constituent of the volatile oil of the black seeds Nigella sativa, with significant cytoprotective properties, were studied in male Swiss albino mice. After acute oral administration, the LD50 value (95% CL) was 2.4 g/kg (1.52–3.77). Signs of toxicity at high doses were hypoactivity and difficulty in respiration. Twenty-four hours after TQ (2 and 3 g/kg) administration, a significant reduction in tissue (liver, kidneys, and heart) reduced glutathione (GSH) content was observed. Plasma urea and creatinine concentrations and the enzyme activities of alanine amino transferase (ALT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and creatine phosphokinase (CPK) were significantly increased. In the subchronic study, mice received TQ in drinking water at concentrations of 0.01, 0.02, and 0.03% for 90 days with no resulting mortality or signs of toxicity. The average daily intake of the compound was approximately 30, 60, or 90 mg/kg/day. There were no changes of toxicological significance in body and organ weights, food and water intake, or urine and feces output. Tissue GSH, plasma concentrations of TP, urea, creatinine and triglycerides, and enzyme activities of ALT, LDH, and CPK were also not affected. Histological examination revealed no gross or microscopic tissue damage. TQ, however, produced a significant decrease in fasting plasma glucose level. The results indicate that the acute oral toxicity of TQ in mice is of a low order and it is generally well tolerated when given subchronically at doses previously shown to have cytoprotective activity. Drug Dev. Res. 44:56–61, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
EOR Options for Heterogeneous Carbonate Reservoirs Currently Under Waterflooding (2014)

Abstract Carbonate reservoirs in the Middle East are highly heterogeneous with complex porosity systems and mixed-wet matrix properties. These characteristics strongly affect reservoir performance under waterflooding. This paper concerns a highly layered limestone reservoir with various levels of cyclicity in properties and can be described at a high level as consisting of two main bodies, i.e., an Upper zone and a Lower zone with permeability contrast of up to two orders of magnitude. The main part of the reservoir is currently under waterflooding. Field observations show that injected water tends to channel quickly through the Upper zone along the high permeability layers and bypass the oil in the Lower zone. Past studies have indicated that this water override phenomenon is caused by a combination of high permeability contrast and capillary forces which counteract gravity forces. In this paper we will investigate different development options for such heterogeneous mixed-wet reservoirs aiming at improving recovery from the Lower zone: 1- Optimized waterflooding with infill wells, 2- Novel EOR options designed to overcome the capillary forces and improve vertical sweep. The EOR options include (a) polymer-assisted solutions consisting of injecting polymer in the Upper zone and water or miscible gas in the Lower zone; and (b) surfactant assisted solutions (foam and enhanced gravity drainage). The main conclusions of the study are: 1- Waterflooding is an efficient recovery mechanism for the Upper zone and tight well spacing is required to improve recovery from the Lower zone; 2- The EOR processes have the potential of improving recovery from the Lower zone; 3- The most attractive EOR schemes are the polymer-based options which, when compared to the optimized waterflooding/infill scenario, lead to much higher recovery, lower volumes of water injected and significantly less water cycling and the requirement of fewer wells. The polymer-assisted solutions also require injecting much lower polymer volumes compared to conventional polymer flooding. Simulation results show that the process(es) are robust to injection rates, vertical heterogeneity, well completions and a range of polymer viscosities.
Leveraging Social Networks for Effective Spam Filtering (2013)

The explosive growth of unsolicited e-mails has prompted the development of numerous spam filter techniques. Bayesian spam filters are superior to static keyword-based spam filters in that they can continuously evolve to tackle new spam by learning keywords in new spam emails. However, Bayesian spam filters are easily poisoned by clever spammers who avoid spam keywords and add many innocuous words in their emails. Also, Bayesian spam filters need a significant amount of time to adapt to a new spam based on user feedback. Moreover, few current spam filters exploit social networks to assist in spam detection. In order to develop an accurate and user-friendly spam filter, we propose a SOcial network Aided Personalized and effective spam filter (SOAP) in this paper. In SOAP, each node connects to its social friends; i.e., nodes form a distributed overlay by directly using social network links as overlay links. Each node uses SOAP to collect information and check spam autonomously in a distributed manner. Unlike previous spam filters that focus on parsing keywords (e.g., Bayesian filters) or building blacklists, SOAP exploits the social relationships among email correspondents and their (dis)interests to detect spam adaptively and automatically. In each node, SOAP integrates four components into the basic Bayesian filter: social closeness-based spam filtering, social interest-based spam filtering, adaptive trust management, and friend notification. We have evaluated the performance of SOAP using simulation based on trace data from Facebook. We also have implemented a SOAP prototype for real-world experiments. Experimental results show that SOAP can greatly improve the performance of Bayesian spam filters in terms of accuracy, attack-resilience, and efficiency of spam detection. The performance of the Bayesian spam filter is SOAP’s lower bound.
Response surface approximations for fatigue life prediction (1997)

Response surface methodology is used to construct response surface approximations for the fatigue life of structures with complex geometry and/or loading conditions. The smooth nature of the response surface approximations eliminates numerical noise, which is inherent to the numerical analysis procedures used to estimate the fatigue life. Procedures for constructing the required response surface approximations, as well as for implementing the resulting approximations in the design process, are discussed. The durability of a structure is introduced into the design process by including the minimum fatigue life as a constraint in a minimum weight optimization of the structure. The smoothness of the response surface approximations allows the use of a derivative based optimization in the design process. Two example problems, typical of the automotive industry, are evaluated to illustrate the proposed methodology. Both example problems have structures modeled by plate elements and the objective of the optimization problem is to find the optimum thickness distribution for a minimum specified fatigue life. It is shown that the thickness
Kinetics of Nitrosation of Thiols by Nitric Oxide in the Presence of Oxygen (1995)

Nitrosothiols are powerful vasodilators. They act by releasing nitric oxide, which activates the heme protein guanylate cyclase. We have studied the kinetics of nitrosothiol formation of glutathione, cysteine, N-acetylcysteine, human serum albumin, and bovine serum albumin upon reaction with nitric oxide (NO) in the presence of oxygen. These studies have been made at low pH as well as at physiological pH. At pH 7.0, contrary to published reports, nitric oxide by itself does not react with thiols to yield nitrosothiol. However, formation of nitrosothiols is observed in the presence of oxygen. For all thiols studied, the rates of nitrosothiol formation were first order in O2 concentration and second order in NO concentration and at lower concentrations (< 5 mM thiol) also depended on thiol concentrations. Analysis of the kinetic data indicated that the rate-limiting step was the reaction of NO with oxygen. Analysis of the reaction products suggest that the main nitrosating species is N2O3: RSH+N2O3-->RSNO+NO2- + H+. Rate constants for this reaction for glutathione and several other low molecular weight thiols are in the range of 3-1.5 x 10(5) M-1 s-1, and for human and bovine serum albumins 0.3 x 10(5) M-1 s-1 and 0.06 x 10(5) M-1 s-1, respectively. The data further indicate that the reaction rate of the nitrosating species N2O3 with thiols is competitive with its rate of hydrolysis. At physiological concentrations nitrosoglutathione formation represents a significant metabolic fate of N2O3, and at glutathione concentrations of 5 mM or higher almost all of N2O3 formed is consumed in nitrosation of glutathione. Implications of these results for in vivo nitrosation of thiols are discussed.
Interactions of the matrix attachment region of DNA with the matrix proteins from the copper preincubated liver nuclei. (1995)

Preincubation of rat liver nuclei with copper ions influenced the stability and protein composition of the nuclear matrices isolated by a "high salt" method. Also the specific interaction between matrix proteins and the kappa Ig matrix attachment region of DNA was affected.
Membrane Localized Iridium(III) Complex Induces Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Mitochondria-Mediated Apoptosis in Human Cancer Cells (2013)

The cellular behavior and toxicity effect of organometallic complexes depend largely on their peripheral ligands. In this study, we have synthesized a series of novel luminescent cationic iridium(III) complexes by tuning the ancillary N∧N ligand based on a structure [Ir(ppy)2(N∧N)]+ (ppy = 1-phenyl-pyridine; N∧N = 2,2′-bipyridine (bpy, 1) or phenanthroline (phen, 2) or 4,7-diphenyl-1,10- phenanthroline (DIP, 3)). As the size of coordinated N∧N ligand increases, absorbance/emission efficiency, quantum yields, lipophilicity, and cell uptake rates of the complexes also increase, in a general order: 3 > 2 > 1. All three complexes display anticancer activity, with 3 exhibiting the highest cellular uptake efficiency and the greatest cytotoxic activities in several cancer cell lines with IC50s lower than that of cisplatin. Because of its strong hydrophobic nature, the death inducer 3 was found to accumulate favorably to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and to cause ER stress in cells. The fast cytosolic release of calcium from stressed ER disturbed the morphology and function of mitochondria, initiating an intrinsic apoptotic pathway. Understanding of the cell death mechanism would help further structure–activity optimization on these novel Ir(III) complexes as emerging cancer therapeutics.
Adaptive decoding algorithms for LDPC codes with redundant check nodes (2012)

This paper is concerned with decoding of algebraic low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes that are constructed based on finite fields and finite geometries. The parity-check matrices of such codes usually have redundant rows. Equivalently, their Tanner graphs have redundant check nodes. Based on this property, we propose an adaptive decoding algorithm. In the adaptive decoding algorithm, all the check nodes are classified into active nodes and silent nodes according to certain criteria, and only active check nodes are involved in the iterative procession. That is, each variable node collects messages from active check nodes and passes the extrinsic messages to its active neighbors. Two approaches to select the active check nodes are presented. Simulation results show that, the adaptive decoding algorithm can make a trade-off between the complexity and the performance.
Controlled Plasticity Burnishing to Improve the Performance of Friction Stir Processed Ni-Al Bronze (2007)

Friction stir welding (FSW) allows the joining of aluminum alloys in ways previously unattainable offering new manufacturing technology. Friction stir processing (FSP) of cast alloys such as Ni-Al bronze eliminates casting voids and improves the properties to that of wrought material. However, the local heating produced by both FSW and FSP can leave a fusion zone with reduced mechanical properties and a heat-affected zone with tensile residual stresses that can be deleterious to fatigue performance. Controlled plasticity burnishing (CPB) is an established surface treatment technology that has been investigated and described extensively for the improvement of damage tolerance, corrosion fatigue, and stress corrosion cracking performance in a variety of alloys. Mechanical CPB processing in conventional CNC machine tools or with robotic tool positioning is readily adapted to industrial FSW and FSP fabrication of components, either simultaneously or as a post process. CPB was applied to FSP Ni-Al Bronze to produce a depth of compression of 2.5 mm and a maximum subsurface magnitude of –150 ksi. The effect of FSP on the fatigue performance in a saltwater marine environment and in the presence of foreign object damage (FOD) was documented with and without CPB processing. FSP was found to increase the fatigue strength of the Ni-Al Bronze by 70% without affecting the corrosion behavior of neutral salt solution. FSW actually produced a more noble material in the acidic salt solution. CPB after FSP mitigated damage 1 mm deep.
Low-speckle laser projection with a broad-area vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser in the nonmodal emission regime (2009)

We demonstrate low-speckle laser projection using a broad-area vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) emitting at 840 nm wavelength as the illumination source. By driving the source in a nonmodal emission regime, we were able to achieve speckle contrast values as low as 3.5% in a realistic projection setup. This was done by driving the VCSEL with specific current pulses without using any additional or mechanically moving components to destroy the coherence of the laser beam. We quantitatively model the speckle contrast reduction based on polarization scrambling and the reduced temporal and spatial coherence of the VCSEL.
A Photocatalytic Approach for the Reductive Decolorization of Textile Azo Dyes in Colloidal Semiconductor Suspensions (1994)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTA Photocatalytic Approach for the Reductive Decolorization of Textile Azo Dyes in Colloidal Semiconductor SuspensionsK. Vinodgopal, Idriss Bedja, Surat Hotchandani, and Prashant V. KamatCite this: Langmuir 1994, 10, 6, 1767–1771Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1994Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1994https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/la00018a024https://doi.org/10.1021/la00018a024research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views627Altmetric-Citations108LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Evaluating Material Performance Between High-Current Contacts (2015)

A high-current test fixture (HiCTF) was developed to examine material response to repulsive forces generated between electrically conducting material pairs during short pulses of high current, similar to conditions experienced in Electromagnetic Launch applications. Based upon Holm's contact theory with additional preload and pressure distribution parameters, this test fixture was designed to use a loading press to apply preload to the test specimens while conducting current through the specimen contact interface. The fixture uses an aligned mechanical loading device to provide a preload across the contact interface of the specimen. The HiCTF will allow for investigation of contact response sensitivity as a function of its degradation, impact of geometry variation, surface conditions, material pairing, preload, and contact integrity. Statistically based experimental designs have been constructed and analysis methodologies developed that incorporate likelihood ratio analysis and the Neyer method. The Neyer D-optimal design method, used in sensitivity testing of explosives, shows promise as an appropriate test method for HiCTF results and will be used to provide sufficient information for comparisons and developmental thresholds. Results from HiCTF testing provide insight into the electrical contact phenomenon and high-current material response. This paper provides an overview of the HiCTF, its motivation, analysis methodology, results, observations, and lessons learned.
Teleinformática y hegemonía cultural (2003)

Mientras la atención de muchos se centra en la probable guerra de Estados Unidos con Irak, que se presenta algunas veces como una consecuencia última de los atentados del 11 de septiembre de de 2001 (si bien la relación es muy indirecta), quienes seguimos de cerca los acontecimientos en el mundo de la informática y las telecomunicaciones hemos visto cómo los hechos del "11-S" fueron el punto de partida de otra escalada, que afectará sin duda un número mucho mayor de países y que involucran también ingentes recursos y alianzas entre el gobierno norteamericano y sus más potentes empresas informáticas y de telecomunicaciones. Pero si remontamos un poco más hacia atrás en la historia de Estados Unidos, nos encontraremos con que lo que ocurre hoy no es sino un paso más en una política hegemónica que encuentra sus raíces en la ideología de los "Padres fundadores" y que ha sustentado desde entonces la política exterior de este país. En el presente artículo, pretendemos dar cuenta de estos orígenes y de los objetivos de una nación que se considera como faro para toda la humanidad y que ha encontrado en las nuevas tecnologías una herramienta de incalculable valor para el logro de sus objetivos innegablemente hegemónicos.
Temperature-Responsive Molecular Assemblies Using Oligo(Ethylene Glycol)-Attached Polyamidoamine Dendron Lipids and their Functions as Drug Carriers (2020)

Temperature-responsive nanocarrier systems using external stimuli are one of the most widely investigated stimuli-responsive strategies because heat is easy and safe to use for hyperthermia and controlled drug delivery. Polyamidoamine dendron lipids (PAMAM-DLs) composed of PAMAM dendron as head group and two alkyl chains can exhibit temperature-responsive morphological change through the attachment of suitable moieties to terminal of PAMAM dendron. In this study, oligo(ethylene glycol)s including ethoxy- or methoxy-diethylene glycols were attached to the terminals of PAMAM-DL, and temperature-responsive properties of their self-assemblies were evaluated by calorimetric and turbidity measurements. In the evaluation of temperature-responsive properties, ethoxy diethylene glycol (EDEG)-attached PAMAM-DL composed of two saturated alkyl chains and PAMAM dendron with 1st generation had lipid bilayer structure and suitable cloud point for the application as drug carrier. <i>In vitro</i> performances of the assemblies combining EDEG-attached PAMAM-DLs with cholesteryl-oxy-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-Chol) was evaluated using doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug. Cellular uptake of DOX-loaded EDEG-attached PAMAM-DL/PEG-Chol assemblies was promoted at 42 °C rather than 37 °C, resulting in an effective decrease in cell viability.
Physical Authentication of Control Systems: Designing Watermarked Control Inputs to Detect Counterfeit Sensor Outputs (2015)

Cyberphysical systems (CPSs) refer to the embedding of widespread sensing, networking, computation, and control into physical spaces with the goal of making them safer, more efficient, and reliable. Driven by the miniaturization and integration of sensing, communication, and computation in cost-efficient devices, CPSs are bound to transform industries such as aerospace, transportation, built environments, energy, health care, and manufacturing, to name a few. This great opportunity, unfortunately, is matched by even greater challenges. Taming the complexity of design and analysis of these systems poses a fundamental problem as a new paradigm is needed to bridge various scientific domains, which, through the years, have developed significantly different formalisms and methodologies. In addition, while the use of dedicated communication networks has so far sheltered systems from the outside world, use of off-the-shelf networking and computing, combined with the unattended operation of a plethora of devices, provides several opportunities for malicious entities to inject attacks on CPSs. A wide variety of motivations exists for launching an attack on CPSs, ranging from economic reasons, such as obtaining a financial gain, all the way to terrorism, for instance, threatening an entire population by manipulating life-critical resources. Any attack on safety-critical CPSs may significantly hamper the economy and lead to the loss of human lives. While the threat of attacks on CPSs tends to be underplayed at times, the Stuxnet worm provided a clear example of the possible future to come. This malware, targeting a uranium enriching facility in Iran, managed to reach the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system controlling the centrifuges used in the enrichment process. Stuxnet modified the control system, increasing pressure in the centrifuges in a first version of the worm and spinning centrifuges in an erratic fashion in a second version. As a result, Stuxnet caused significant damage to the plant [1]. For details, see "The Stuxnet Attack".
Les migrations temporaires au début du XIXe siècle (1972)

H. J. Les migrations temporaires au début du XIXe siècle. In: Population, 27ᵉ année, n°6, 1972. pp. 1140-1143.
Engineering mathematics handbook: definitions, theorems, formulas, tables (3rd ed.) (1987)

Designed for quick reference, the book presents simple, easy-to-grasp mathematics fundamentals -- progressing in logical stages from algebra and geometry through such advanced topics as Laplace transforms and numerical methods. The fourth edition features new material on logarithms, cubic and quartic equations, Molleweide equations, standard curves and their analytical equations, maxima and minima equations, and much more. This edition also contains, for the first time, a valuable glossary of mathematical terms.