gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Potential applications of curcumin and its novel synthetic analogs and nanotechnology-based formulations in cancer prevention and therapy (2011)

Curcumin has attracted great attention in the therapeutic arsenal in clinical oncology due to its chemopreventive, antitumoral, radiosensibilizing and chemosensibilizing activities against various types of aggressive and recurrent cancers. These malignancies include leukemias, lymphomas, multiple myeloma, brain cancer, melanoma and skin, lung, prostate, breast, ovarian, liver, gastrointestinal, pancreatic and colorectal epithelial cancers. Curcumin mediates its anti-proliferative, anti-invasive and apoptotic effects on cancer cells, including cancer stem/progenitor cells and their progenies, through multiple molecular mechanisms. The oncogenic pathways inhibited by curcumin encompass the members of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR and erbB2), sonic hedgehog (SHH)/GLIs and Wnt/β-catenin and downstream signaling elements such as Akt, nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs). In counterbalance, the high metabolic instability and poor systemic bioavailability of curcumin limit its therapeutic efficacy in human. Of great therapeutic interest, the selective delivery of synthetic analogs or nanotechnology-based formulations of curcumin to tumors, alone or in combination with other anticancer drugs, may improve their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic efficacies against cancer progression and relapse. Novel curcumin formulations may also be used to reverse drug resistance, eradicate the total cancer cell mass and improve the anticarcinogenic efficacy of the current anti-hormonal and chemotherapeutic treatments for patients with various aggressive and lethal cancers.
Synthesis of 4‐phenyl‐2<i>h</i>‐benzopyrans (1991)

Abstract Sesamol and other phenols react with equimolar quantities of cinnamaldehyde and morpholine in methanol to yield epimeric 2‐morpholinyl‐4‐phenylbenzopyran derivatives, which are useful intermediates for the synthesis of alcoholic neoflavanoid (4‐phenylbenzopyran) compounds.
Analysis and Comparison of Extremum Seeking Control Techniques (2007)

Two non-perturvative extremum seeking control approaches are analyzed; the first approach needs the sensing of the function's gradient while the second one does not. Relationships between the algorithms parameters and their dynamic behavior are found. Also expressions for the steady state error of both approaches are derived. Finally, these results are used to verify and to compare, by means of simulation, the performance of both methods.
Durable superoleophobic polypropylene surfaces (2016)

Polypropylene (PP) is a popular plastic material used in consumer packaging. It would be desirable if such plastic containers were liquid repellent and not so easily fouled by their contents. Existing examples of superoleophobic surfaces typically rely on poorly adhered coatings or delicate surface structures, resulting in poor mechanical durability. Here, we report a facile method for creating superoleophobic PP surfaces via incorporation of nanoparticles (NPs) into the polymer surface. A solvent-NP-PP mixture was spin coated at high temperature to achieve the necessary roughness. Such surfaces were further functionalized with fluorosilane to result in a durable, super-repellent surface. They were also found to exhibit some repellency towards shampoos. This method of incorporating NPs into polymer surfaces could also prove useful in improving the anti-bacterial, mechanical and liquid-repellent properties of plastic devices.This article is part of the themed issue 'Bioinspired hierarchically structured surfaces for green science'.
Analysis, verification, and management toolsuite for cyber-physical applications on time-varying networks (2014)

Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are increasingly utilizing advances in wireless mesh networking among computing nodes to facilitate communication and control for distributed applications. Factors such as interference or node mobility cause such wireless networks to experience changes in both topology and link capacities. These dynamic networks pose a reliability concern for high-criticality or mixed-criticality systems which require strict guarantees about system performance and robustness prior to deployment. To address the design- and run-time verification and reliability concerns created by these dynamic networks, we are developing an integrated modeling, analysis, and run-time toolsuite which provides (1) network profiles that model the dynamics of system network resources and application network requirements over time, (2) design-time verification of application performance on dynamic networks, and (3) management of the CPS network resources during run-time. In this paper we present the foundations for the analysis of dynamic networks and show experimental validations of this analysis. We conclude with a focus on future work and applications to the field.
Using Animated 3D Graphics to Prepare Novices for CS1 (2003)

A new programming course to prepare novices for the traditional Computer Science 1 course (CS1) is proposed. The course uses 3D interactive animation in a novice-friendly environment to introduce object-oriented programming concepts and help students develop problem-solving skills. Pedagogical issues are presented that involve the use of visualization and graphics concepts, the notion of state, and programming language concerns. A study of practice and experimentation with this course is underway. The evaluation plan for this study is briefly described and some early results are summarized, along with observed benefits and concerns.
Duration of acute exposures to vibration and finger circulation (1998)

Vasoregulatory mechanisms mediated by both intrinsic (local) and extrinsic (neural or endocrine) control systems seem to be related to digital circulatory changes during 125-Hz vibration. It is concluded that, not only the frequency and magnitude of vibration, but also its duration contributes to the reaction of the digital vessels to acute vibration.
Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1: The double-edged sword in apoptosis (2008)

Plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) is a multi-functional protein. It is a fast-acting inhibitor of plasminogen activators; urokinase-plasminogen activator and tissue type plasminogen activator, and also plays an important role in regulating cell proliferation, adhesion, migration, and signal transduction pathways. These biological events are important processes during angiogenesis and restenosis. PAI-1 has been shown to regulate proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. The ability of PAI-1 to regulate cellular proliferation and migration has been attributed to its ability to control plasmin production, modify signaling pathways, and its inherent multifactorial ability to bind to vitronectin and lipoprotein receptor-related protein. However, the mechanism by which PAI-1 regulates the apoptotic pathway is not well understood. Evidence from the literature suggests that PAI-1 or its deficiency alters key signalling pathways, such as the PI3-k/Akt and the Jak/STAT pathways, and is involved in maintaining endothelial cell integrity thereby regulating cell death. Other investigators have demonstrated that PAI-1 directly binds to caspases as a mechanism of PAI-1-mediated cellular apoptosis. Moreover, results from studies assessing the role of PAI-1 in apoptosis have suggested that PAI-1 can exert pathogenic or protective effects, which may be related to the disease model or type of injury employed.
Electron beam pulses produced by helicon-wave excitation (1995)

The 443 nm Ar+ line emission intensity in a cylindrical argon magnetoplasma excited by a 13.56 MHz helicon antenna is found to be strongly modulated at the excitation frequency. The peak in optical emission propagates in the axial direction at a velocity corresponding to that of helicon waves launched by the antenna. The spatiotemporal modulation is consistent with pulses of electrons produced by acceleration under the antenna and subsequent entrainment of these electrons over half of a trapping period in the axial electric field of the helicon wave.
Lifting Surfaces With Circular Planforms (2005)

A general lifting surface computer program is used for the special case where the planform is a circle, in order to compare lift and pitching moment with semianalytic solutions.
Assessing computational predictions of the phenotypic effect of cystathionine‐beta‐synthase variants (2019)

Accurate prediction of the impact of genomic variation on phenotype is a major goal of computational biology and an important contributor to personalized medicine. Computational predictions can lead to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying genetic diseases, including cancer, but their adoption requires thorough and unbiased assessment. Cystathionine-beta-synthase (CBS) is an enzyme that catalyzes the first step of the transsulfuration pathway, from homocysteine to cystathionine, and in which variations are associated with human hyperhomocysteinemia and homocystinuria. We have created a computational challenge under the CAGI framework to evaluate how well different methods can predict the phenotypic effect(s) of CBS single amino acid substitutions using a blinded experimental data set. CAGI participants were asked to predict yeast growth based on the identity of the mutations. The performance of the methods was evaluated using several metrics. The CBS challenge highlighted the difficulty of predicting the phenotype of an ex vivo system in a model organism when classification models were trained on human disease data. We also discuss the variations in difficulty of prediction for known benign and deleterious variants, as well as identify methodological and experimental constraints with lessons to be learned for future challenges.
Myeloid blood CD11c+ dendritic cells and monocyte-derived dendritic cells differ in their ability to stimulate T lymphocytes (2002)

Dendritic cells (DCs) initiate and direct immune responses. Recent studies have defined different DC populations, therefore we undertook this study comparing 2 types of myeloid DCs: blood CD11c(+) DCs and in vitro monocyte-derived DCs (Mo-DCs), which are both candidates as cellular adjuvants for cancer immunotherapy. Blood CD11c(+) DCs were prepared by cell sorting from peripheral blood mononuclear cells cultured overnight in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with autologous or pooled AB serum. Mo-DCs were prepared in the same medium using granulocyte macrophage-colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF)/interleukin 4 (IL-4) and differentiated/activated with lipopolysaccharide or monocyte-conditioned medium (ActMo-DCs). Morphologically, differences between the DC preparations were noted both at a light and and electron microscopic level. Blood CD11c(+) DCs expressed similar levels of HLA-DR, CD40, CD86, and CD83 as Mo-DCs. CD209 was present on Mo-DCs but not on blood CD11c(+) DCs. Blood CD11c(+) DCs generated a lower proliferative mixed leukocyte response (MLR) than Mo-DCs. Blood CD11c(+) DCs loaded with 0.1 microg/mL tetanus toxoid (TT)-generated greater T lymphocyte proliferative responses than did Mo-DCs or ActMo-DCs, but when loaded with higher TT concentrations no difference in T lymphocyte proliferative response was observed. Keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH)-loaded blood CD11c(+) DCs generated greater T lymphocyte proliferative responses than Mo-DCs or ActMo-DCs. Allogeneic MLR- or KLH-specific responses induced by blood CD11c(+) DCs generated more Th1 effectors than the responses induced by Mo-DCs or ActMo-DCs. These data establish several differences in the properties of blood CD11c(+) DCs, Mo-DCs, and ActMo-DCs, which suggest that blood DCs merit further consideration as DC preparations for clinical programs are evolved.
Influence of Zwitterions on Thermomechanical Properties and Morphology of Acrylic Copolymers: Implications for Electroactive Applications (2011)

n-Butyl acrylate-based zwitterionomers and ionomers containing 3-[[2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl](dimethyl)ammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (SBMA) and 2-[butyl(dimethyl)amino]ethyl methacrylate methanesulfonate (BDMAEMA MS), respectively, were synthesized using conventional free radical polymerization. Size-exclusion chromatography confirmed the molecular weights of the copolymers exceeded the critical molecular weight between entanglements (Me) for poly(n-butyl acrylate). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) revealed that zwitterionomers promoted more well-defined microphase separation than cationic analogues. Dynamic mechanical analyses (DMA) of the copolymers showed a rubbery plateau region due to physical cross-links between charges for zwitterionomers only. Since SBMA and BDMAEMA MS have very similar chemical structures, we attributed improved microphase separation and superior elastomeric performance of the zwitterionomers to stronger association between covalently tethered charged pairs.
Study of Warpage and Mechanical Stress of 2.5D Package Interposers during Chip and Interposer Mount Process (2012)

As data transmission rate increases, flip chip plastic ball grid array (FCPBGA) utilizing a interposer for multiple chips is gaining popularity because of high electrical performance, ease of chip design, ease of thermal management with thermal lid, etc. The authors assessed package design configuration and key design elements for two chips application assuming 1600 signal I/Os for logic and 800 signal I/Os for memory. Then, we studied warpage behavior of the interposer, and mechanical stress of solder interconnections and low-k dielectric layer under controlled collapse chip connection (C4) pad. We set three different mount process assumptions for chip to interposer and interposer to base organic substrate. The mount process assumptions are (1) two pass reflow of chip to interposer first, then interposer to base organic substrate, (2) reversed sequence of two pass reflow which is interposer to base organic substrate first, then chip to interposer, (3) one pass reflow of chip, interposer and base organic substrate all together. We also set three different interposer material assumptions of Si, glass and organic in this study. We analyzed warpage behavior and mechanical stress using finite element method (FEM) modeling technique with a set of combinations of coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and elastic modulus of the interposers. The study also includes an analysis for conventional multi-chip-module (MCM) FCPBGA as a reference. We show the analysis results of interposer warpage, first principal stress at low-k dielectric layer under C4 pad and von Mises stress at solder interconnections of chip joining and interposer joining.
<title>Subnanometre precision closed-loop positioning for optics and X-Y stage control using capacitance displacement sensors and piezo-electric actuators</title> (1993)

A closed-loop positioning system is described which is capable of sub-nanometer precision over displacements of up to 100 micrometers. The technique utilizes piezo-electric or electrostrictive translators in conjunction with capacitance displacement sensors. It has been applied in optical interferometry for path length control to picometer precision, and in X-Y stages developed for scanning probe microscopy.
Hypomorphic <i>NOTCH3</i> Alleles Do Not Cause CADASIL in Humans (2013)

Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) is caused by stereotyped missense mutations in NOTCH3. Whether these mutations lead to the CADASIL phenotype via a neomorphic effect, or rather by a hypomorphic effect, is subject of debate. Here, we report two novel NOTCH3 mutations, both leading to a premature stop codon with predicted loss of NOTCH3 function. The first mutation, c.307C>T, p.Arg103*, was detected in two brothers aged 50 and 55 years, with a brain MRI and skin biopsy incompatible with CADASIL. The other mutation was found in a 40-year-old CADASIL patient compound heterozygous for a pathogenic NOTCH3 mutation (c.2129A>G, p.Tyr710Cys) and an intragenic frameshift deletion. The deletion was inherited from his father, who did not have the skin biopsy abnormalities seen in CADASIL patients. These individuals with rare NOTCH3 mutations indicate that hypomorphic NOTCH3 alleles do not cause CADASIL.
Microfibril-associated MAGP-2 Stimulates Elastic Fiber Assembly (2006)

Elastic fibers are complex structures composed of a tropoelastin inner core and microfibril outer mantle guiding tropoelastin deposition. Microfibrillar proteins mainly include fibrillins and microfibril-associated glycoproteins (MAGPs). MAGP-2 exhibits developmental expression peaking at elastic fiber onset, suggesting that MAGP-2 mediates elastic fiber assembly. To determine whether MAGP-2 regulates elastic fiber assembly, we used an in vitro model featuring doxycycline-regulated cells conditionally overexpressing exogenous MAGP-2 and constitutively expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein-tagged tropoelastin. Analysis by immunofluorescent staining showed that MAGP-2 overexpression dramatically increased elastic fibers levels, independently of extracellular levels of soluble tropoelastin, indicating that MAGP-2 stimulates elastic fiber assembly. This was associated with increased levels of matrix-associated MAGP-2. Electron microscopy showed that MAGP-2 specifically associates with microfibrils and that elastin globules primarily colocalize with MAGP-2-associated microfibrils, suggesting that microfibril-associated MAGP-2 facilitates elastic fiber assembly. MAGP-2 overexpression did not change levels of matrix-associated fibrillin-1, MAGP-1, fibulin-2, fibulin-5, or emilin-1, suggesting that microfibrils and other elastic fiber-associated proteins known to regulate elastogenesis do not mediate MAGP-2-induced elastic fiber assembly. Moreover, mutation analysis showed that MAGP-2 does not stimulate elastic fiber assembly through its RGD motif, suggesting that integrin receptor binding does not mediate MAGP-2-induced elastic fiber assembly. Because MAGP-2 interacts with Jagged-1 that controls cell-matrix interaction and cell motility, two key factors in elastic fiber macroassembly, microfibril-associated MAGP-2 may stimulate elastic fiber macroassembly by targeting the release of elastin globules from the cell membrane onto developing elastic fibers.
An Investigation Of The Vertical Overbite During The Eruption Of The Permanent Dentition (2009)

Abstract No Abstract Available. A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science, Horace H. Rackham School of Graduate Studies, University of Michigan, 1960.
Hollow-Fiber Cell Culture (2003)

Hollow-fiber mammalian cell culture systems were first conceived (1) to mimic the in vivo cell environment. In tissues, cells exist immobilized at high density, and are perfused via capillaries having semipermeable walls. Fluid (blood) circulating within the capillaries brings oxygen and nutrients and removes CO2 and other waste products. This description applies equally to hollow-fiber culture systems but with culture medium in the place of blood, and with capillaries made from ultrafiltration or microfiltration membranes.
Multi‐tasking of nonstructural gene products is required for bean yellow dwarf geminivirus transcriptional regulation (2006)

Mastreviridae, of the family geminiviridae, possess a monopartite genome and are transmitted by leafhoppers. Bean yellow dwarf dirus (BeYDV) is a mastrevirus which originated from South Africa and infects dicoyledenous plants, a feature unusual for mastreviridae. Previously, the nonstructural proteins Rep and RepA were examined with respect to their independent roles in BeYDV replication. This was achieved by placing both gene products under independent constitutive promoter control and examining their effects on replication-competent constructs. In the current study, Rep and RepA are examined further for their roles in regulating BeYDV gene expression using a series of replication-incompetent constructs. While both Rep and RepA are found to behave as equally potent inhibitors of complementary-sense gene expression, they differ considerably with respect to their abilities to transactivate virion-sense gene expression. Furthermore, RepA is identified as playing more than one role in this transactivation process. A nuclear localization domain is identified in Rep which is absent in RepA, and Rep-RepA interactions are examined under in vivo conditions. The study concludes with an investigation into the expression strategies of the BeYDV capsid protein.
Tissue-specific activation of cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme in experimental heart failure. (1991)

In addition to the circulating renin-angiotensin system, recent data demonstrate the existence of tissue renin-angiotensin systems that may be important in cardiovascular homeostasis. However, the relative activities of the circulating and tissue renin-angiotensin systems have not been examined previously in pathophysiological states, such as congestive heart failure. The present study was performed to examine the status of plasma and tissue angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) activities in compensated experimental heart failure induced by coronary artery ligation in the rat. Three groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats were examined: 1) nonoperated rats (NO, n = 5), 2) sham-operated rats (SO, n = 5), and 3) heart failure rats (HF, n = 11). Rats were studied an averaged of 85 days postoperatively. In HF animals, plasma renin concentration and serum ACE activities were not different compared with NO and SO control animals. Cardiac ACE activity was 50% greater in the right ventricle than the interventricular septum in NO and SO rats. Both right ventricular and interventricular septal ACE activity increased approximately twofold in HF animals as compared with NO and SO groups (p less than 0.05). In contrast, pulmonary, aortic, and renal ACE activities were not altered in HF rats compared with control animals. A positive correlation existed between the histopathological size of myocardial infarction and the level of right ventricular ACE activity (r = 0.75, p less than or equal to 0.05). Such a relation between infarct size and either serum or noncardiac tissue ACE activities was not observed.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Mobile Web access using eNetwork Web Express (1998)

The mobile computing environment poses severe problems for Web browsing and Web-based applications. Mobile communication links are typically slow, expensive, and unreliable. This is especially true of wide-area wireless networks, which are becoming increasingly popular. Furthermore, both voluntary and involuntary disconnections from servers are common in the mobile environment, and the standard browsing model provides no support for disconnected operation. In addition, the usual request/response model of browsing is synchronous, which means that congestion in the network and Web servers cannot be masked from users. This article describes eNetwork Web Express, a software system that addresses these issues. Paired proxies are used to optimize communication in low-bandwidth networks and to enable a browsing model in which both disconnected and asynchronous operations are supported. The resulting environment allows Web-based applications to be used effectively in a mobile setting.