gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Antigen-specific purification of blocking factors from sera of mice with chemically induced tumors. (1977)

Serum from mice with growing tumors can prevent ("block") the destruction of tumor cells by immune lymphocytes, as measured in a microcytotoxicity assay. Factors responsible for this blocking activity were purified by binding to immune adsorbents that had been prepared from antibodies obtained by immunizing BALB/c mice to the homologous tumors. Two transplantable BALB/c sarcoma lines with individually different tumor-specific transplantation antigens were studied in parallel. The original tumor-specific blocking activity was recovered by elution of the immune adsorbents; that is, (i) eluates blocked the reduction of surviving tumor cell targets by immune lymphocytes only if the tumor specificity, and (ii) immune adsorbent columns prepared from tumor-immune sera recognized the purified blocking fractions in a tumor-specific fashion, indicating that a portion of the humoral response in the immune mice was directed against a factor that was individually distinct for each tumor. Absorption of eluates with the homologous tumor cells removed their blocking activity, indicating that the blocking factors have antigen-binding properties. Blocking activity in the purified fractions resided in molecules presumptively identified as glycoproteins by affinity chromatography on concanavalin A-Sepharose.
The Aesthetic and Artistic Value of Pan Zhiheng's Commentary Articles on Beauties (2014)

在晚明名士潘之恒的品艳类文章中,他将艺术与审美紧密结合,融入了自己很多独到见解.在美学与审美心理方面他看重整体气韵,崇尚文雅与自然先天,运用同理心审美.同时,他还提出“才、慧、致”兼备的戏曲表演理论,注重舞台表演艺术,并且他对女性曲艺表演的评价也具有艺术史料价值.
Cascade catalysis – strategies and challenges en route to preparative synthetic biology (2014)

Nature's smartness and efficient assembling cascade type reactions inspired biologists and chemists all around the world. Tremendous effort has been directed towards the understanding and mimicking of such networks. In recent years considerable progress has been made in developing multistep one-pot reactions combining either advantage of chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivity of biocatalysts or promiscuity and productivity of chemocatalysts. In this context several concepts, inspired by different disciplines (biocatalysis, metabolic engineering, synthetic chemistry, and material science), have been evolved. This review will focus on major contributions in the field of cascade reactions over the last three years.
Evidence of a Ventilation-Perfusion Mismatch During Acute Unilateral Pulmonary Artery Occlusion in Broilers (1995)

A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) mismatch can be diagnosed when a moderate increase in cardiac output (CO) causes systemic hypoxemia, thereby exposing a pulmonary incapacity to fully oxygenate the additional blood flowing through the pulmonary vasculature. The susceptibility of broiler chickens to hypoxemia was evaluated in lightly anesthetized, clinically healthy, 40- to 49-d-old males. A snare placed around one pulmonary artery permitted acute, reversible shunting of the entire CO through the unobstructed lung. Blood samples were withdrawn from arterial and venous cannulas for blood gas analysis, and a pulse oximeter was used for noninvasive measurements of the percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen in arterialized capillary beds. The partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood averaged 103 mm Hg during control periods, 79 mm Hg (hypoxemia) when the pulmonary artery snare was tightened for 12 min, and 101 mm Hg within 5 min after releasing the snare. The percentage saturation of hemoglobin with oxygen before, during, and after tightening the snare averaged, respectively, 96, 91, and 96% for arterial blood, 81, 55, and 78% for venous blood, and 87, 67, and 88% for arterialized capillary beds. Tightening the snare increased the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and the hydrogen ion concentration above control levels in both arterial and venous blood, and these variables returned to control levels upon release of the snare. The combined data constitute direct evidence that clinically healthy broiler chickens are susceptible to hypoxemia during an acute moderate (approximately twofold) increase in pulmonary blood flow.
A dynamic model of calcific nodule destabilization in response to monocyte- and oxidized lipid-induced matrix metalloproteinases (2011)

Vulnerable plaque remains clinically undetectable, and there is no accepted in vitro model. We characterize the calcific nodules produced by calcifying vascular cells (CVC) in ApoE-null mice, demonstrating increased destabilization of cultured nodules in the presence of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) and monocytes under pulsatile shear stress. CVC implanted in the subcutaneous space of hyperlipidemic mice produced nodules revealing features of calcific atherosclerotic plaque including a fibrous cap, cholesterol clefts, thin shoulder, lipids, and calcium mineral deposits. CVC nodules seeded in the pulsatile flow channel (τ(avg) = 23 dyn/cm(2), ∂τ/∂t = 71 dyn·cm(-2)·s(-1)) underwent deformation and destabilization. Computational fluid dynamics revealed distinct shear force profiles on the nodules. Presence of oxLDL or monocytic THP-1 cells significantly increased the numbers of nodules destabilized from the substrate. Both oxLDL and THP-1 increased matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) activity in CVC. The MMP inhibitor GM6001 significantly reversed oxLDL- and THP-1-induced nodule destabilization, whereas overexpression of MMP-9 increased destabilization. These findings demonstrate that CVC-derived nodules resembled calcific atherosclerotic plaque and were destabilized in the presence of active lipids and monocytes via induction of MMPs.
Calcium magnesium acetate : an emerging bulk chemical for environmental applications (1991)

Part I: Applications of CMA as a Road Salt. The Involvement of the Federal Highway Administration with CMA (B. Chollar et al.). Physical & Chemical Properties of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (R. Schenk). Alternative Road Deicer (R. Schenk). Effects of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (CMA) on Pavements and Motor Vehicles (D. Slick). Environmental Evaluation of Calcium Magnesium Acetate (R. Horner et al.). A Summary of CMA Use and Research Development, Specifically in California (J. Gidley). The Corrosivity and Electrochemical Behavior of a New Deicer, Calcium Magnesium Acetate (K. Kennelley, C. Locke). Environmental Evaluation of CMA (J. Gidley, H. Hunt). Part II: Applications of CMA in Fossil Fuel Combustion. Catalysis of the Combustion of Carbonaceous Particles (Synthetic Chars and Coal) by Addition of Calcium Acetate (Y.A. Levendis). Catalytic Gasification of Low Rank Coals with Calcium Acetate (Y. Ohtsuka, A. Tomita). Calcium Impregnation of Coals as a Means for Sulphur Emissions Control in Combustion (P.K. Sharma). Combustion of COM with Alkaline Acetate Additives (B. Rising, H. Hazard). Modified Limestone Method for Removing Sulfur from Flue Gases (A. Durych et al.). A Preliminary Evaluation of CMA for Sulfur Removal in Coal-fired Boilers (S. Manivannan, D. Wise). Part III: Alternative CMA Production Processes. Calcium Magnesium Acetate from the Bioconversion of Residue Biomass (D. Trantolo et al.). Calcium Magnesium Acetate Manufacture from Glucose by Fermentation with Thermophilic Homoacetogenic Bacteria (J. Wiegel et al.). Process Evaluation of CMA Production from Woody Biomass (B. DeSouza, D. Wise). Pilot plant Studies & Process Design for the Production of CMA (R. Ostermann, M. Economides). Index.
WHENCE THE LUNGS? A STUDY TO ASSESS SUITABILITY OF DONOR LUNGS FOR TRANSPLANTATION 1 (1992)

Efforts at clinical lung transplantation have been hampered by an insufficient donor pool. To estimate the number of potential suitable lung donors, we conducted a UNOS-sponsored survey of organ procurement organizations and collected data with respect to possible lung donation from human cardiac donors. Contact with OPOs was made by telephone after cardiac donors were identified by UNOS. Of 150 cardiac donors, 7 were utilized for lung or heart-lung transplantation. By our criteria, however, 47 additional donors had lungs that may have been suitable for transplantation but were not utilized, and frequently were not offered for transplantation for a variety of reasons. This survey implies that approximately 25% of cardiac donors likely have lungs that may be suitable for transplantation.
Practical Syntheses of<i>N</i>-Hexylcarbazol-2-yl- and -3-yl-boronic Acids, Their Cross-Coupled Products and a Derived Tris-cyclometalated (Pyridin-2-yl)carbazole Iridium(III) Complex (2005)

The syntheses of N-hcxylcarbazol-2-yl- and -3-yl-boronic acids (1 and 2) are described on a ca. 7 g scale, starting from commercially available 2,5-dibromonitrobenzene (4) and carbazole (11), respectively. Compounds I and 2 underwent efficient palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions under Suzuki-Miyaura conditions to yield products 17, 18 and 20. Compound 18 reacted with IrCl3 to give the tris-cyclometalated (pyridin-2-yl)carbazole iridium(III) complex 21, the X-ray crystal structure of which is reported.
Antimicrobial Peptide GL13K Is Effective in Reducing Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2013)

Human parotid secretory protein (PSP; BPIF2A) is predicted to be structurally similar to bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein. Based on the locations of known antimicrobial peptides in the latter two proteins, potential active peptides in the PSP sequence were identified. One such peptide, GL13NH2 (PSP residues 141 to 153) was shown previously to interfere with LPS binding and agglutinate bacteria without bactericidal activity. By introducing three additional positively charged lysine residues, the peptide was converted to the novel bactericidal cationic peptide GL13K (MIC for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, 8 μg/ml [5.6 μM]). We investigated the antibiofilm activity of GL13K against static, monospecies biofilms of P. aeruginosa PAO1. Two-hour exposure of a 24-h biofilm to 64 μg/ml (44.8 μM) GL13K reduced biofilm bacteria by 10(2), and 100 μg/ml (70 μM) GL13K reduced bacteria by 10(3). Similar results could be achieved on 48-h-old biofilms. Lower concentrations of GL13K (32 μg/ml [22.4 μM]) were successful in reducing biofilm cell numbers in combination with tobramycin. This combination treatment also achieved total eradication of the biofilm in a majority (67.5%) of tested samples. An alanine scan of GL13K revealed the importance of the leucine residue in position six of the peptide sequence, where replacement led to a loss of antibiofilm activity, whereas the impact of replacing charged residues was less pronounced. Bacterial metalloproteases were found to partially inactivate GL13K but not a d amino acid version of the peptide.
Methylenation of Carbonyl Compounds by Means of Nysted Reagent (1998)

Nysted reagent [cyclo-dibromodi-µ-methylene(µ-tetrahydrofuran)trizinc], a commercially available gem-dimetallic compound, reacted with aldehydes affording methylenated products in the presence of BF3·OEt2, whereas methylenation of ketones proceeded in the presence of BF3·OEt2 and TiCl2.
Antitumor Effects of Analogs of Hypothalamic Hormones in Endocrine-Dependent Cancers (1984)

A new approach to the treatment of endocrine-dependent tumors based on analogs of hypothalamic hormones is in the early stages of development, but appears promising and significant. Administration of hypothalamic hormones can mimic hypophysectomy and gonadectomy, and is essentially devoid of side effects. A successful use of agonistic analogs of LH-RH for treatment of endocrine-dependent prostate cancer has been documented in several hundred patients. Experimental studies suggest that agonists and/or antagonists of LH-RH might be useful for treatment of breast cancer and pituitary tumors. Our work in animal models also indicates that analogs of somatostatin, alone or combined with LH-RH agonists, could be considered for therapy of chondrosarcomas, osteosarcomas, and pancreatic cancer. Experiments are in progress on the use of LH-RH analogs for treatment of ovarian cancer, neoplasms of the female genital tract, and for protection against gonadal damage during chemotherapy. These investigations should extend the concepts of endocrine treatment of cancers.
Atomic Norm Denoising With Applications to Line Spectral Estimation (2013)

Motivated by recent work on atomic norms in inverse problems, we propose a new approach to line spectral estimation that provides theoretical guarantees for the mean-squared-error (MSE) performance in the presence of noise and without knowledge of the model order. We propose an abstract theory of denoising with atomic norms and specialize this theory to provide a convex optimization problem for estimating the frequencies and phases of a mixture of complex exponentials. We show that the associated convex optimization problem can be solved in polynomial time via semidefinite programming (SDP). We also show that the SDP can be approximated by an <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\ell_{1}$</tex></formula> -regularized least-squares problem that achieves nearly the same error rate as the SDP but can scale to much larger problems. We compare both SDP and <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><tex Notation="TeX">$\ell_{1}$</tex></formula> -based approaches with classical line spectral analysis methods and demonstrate that the SDP outperforms the <formula formulatype="inline" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex Notation="TeX">$\ell_{1}$</tex></formula> optimization which outperforms MUSIC, Cadzow's, and Matrix Pencil approaches in terms of MSE over a wide range of signal-to-noise ratios.
Dual MAPK Inhibition Is an Effective Therapeutic Strategy for a Subset of Class II BRAF Mutant Melanomas (2018)

Class II BRAF mutant melanoma is growth inhibited by dMAPKi. Responses to dMAPKi have been observed in 2 patients with class II BRAF mutant melanoma. These data provide rationale for clinical investigation of dMAPKi in patients with class II BRAF mutant metastatic melanoma.<i>See related commentary by Johnson and Dahlman, p. 6107</i>.
Detection of the ?F508 (F508del) mutation of the cystic fibrosis gene by surface plasmon resonance and biosensor technology (1999)

In the present paper, we applied surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and biosensor technologies for biospecific interaction analysis (BIA) to detect deltaF508 mutation (F508del) of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene in both homozygous as well as heterozygous human subjects. The proposed method is divided into three major steps. The first step is the immobilization on a SA5 sensor chip of two biotinylated oligonucleotide probes (one normal, N-508, and the other mutant, deltaF508) that are able to hybridize to the CFTR gene region involved in F508del mutation. The second step consists of the molecular hybridization between the oligonucleotide probes immobilized on the sensor chips and (1) wild-type or mutant oligonucleotides, as well as (2) single-stranded DNA obtained by asymmetric polymerase chain reaction (PCR), performed using genomic DNA from normal individuals and from F508del heterozygous and F508del homozygous patients. The third, and most important, step consists of the evaluation of differential stabilities of DNA/DNA molecular complexes generated after hybridization of normal and deltaF508 probes immobilized on the sensor chips. The results obtained strongly suggest that the proposed procedure employing SPR technology enables a one-step, nonradioactive protocol for the molecular diagnosis of F508del mutation of the CFTR gene. This approach could be of interest in clinical genetics, as the hybridization step is oftenly required to detect microdeletions present within PCR products.
Approaching capacity by equiprobable signaling on the Gaussian channel (1993)

For the additive white Gaussian noise channel, there is a gap between the channel capacity and the highest achievable rate of equiprobable uniformly spaced one-dimensional signaling. It is commonly believed that approaching channel capacity requires the constituent one-dimensional signal points to have a Gaussian probability distribution. It is shown that the channel capacity can be achieved by equiprobable signaling with geometrical, Gaussian-like signal sets. Construction of these signal constellations is explicitly given. This result implicates that it is possible to approach channel capacity without using any kind of shaping codes.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The study on heat transfer model of covering layer of multi-span plastic greenhouse (2014)

In order to study the heat transfer characteristics of covering layer of multi-span greenhouse, took the temperature condition as the main research object, the basic theory of heat transfer and mass transfer and the local climate condition as bases, established the thermal environmental model of plastic greenhouse covering layer. Used the mathematical software MATLAB, and the Runge - Kutta method to solve the thermal environment model, and the experimental data was used to test this model. The results showed that: the early winter, greenhouse production, the standard error of estimate RMSE was 0.82 between the covering layer simulation temperature and the measured temperature, the average absolute error within ±1.08 âÂÂ; the winter, greenhouse idle stage, the standard error of estimate RMSE was 0.46 between the covering layer simulation temperature and the measured temperature, the average absolute error within ±0.38 âÂÂ; the model had good simulation accuracy
PORCA: Modeling and Planning for Autonomous Driving among Many Pedestrians (2018)

This paper presents a planning system for autonomous driving among many pedestrians. A key ingredient of our approach is PORCA, a pedestrian motion prediction model that accounts for both a pedestrian's global navigation intention and local interactions with the vehicle and other pedestrians. Unfortunately, the autonomous vehicle does not know the pedestrian's intention a priori and requires a planning algorithm that hedges against the uncertainty in pedestrian intentions. Our planning system combines a POMDP algorithm with the pedestrian motion model and runs in near real time. Experiments show that it enables a robot vehicle to drive safely, efficiently, and smoothly among a crowd with a density of nearly one person per square meter.
X Toolkit Intrinsics Programming Manual (1990)

From the Publisher:
Volume 4 is a complete guide to programming with the X Toolkit Intrinsics, the library of C language routines that facilitates the design of user interfaces with reusable components called widgets. It provides concepts and examples that show how to use the various X Toolkit routines. The first few chapters are devoted to using widgets; the remainder of the book covers the more complex task of writing new widgets. 
Uses the Motif 1.2 widget set in examples and covers X11 Release 5. 
Volume 4 includes: 
Introduction to the X Window System. Building applications with widgets. Constructing a bitmap editor with widgets. An overview of each widget in the widget set. Basic widget methods. Events, translations, and accelerators. Event handlers, timeouts, and work procedures. Resource management and type conversion. Selections and window manager interaction. Geometry management. Menus, gadgets, and cascaded pop-ups. Miscellaneous techniques. Comparison of Athena, OSF/Motif, and AT&T OPEN LOOK widgets. Master index to volumes 4 and 5.

This book is designed to be used with Volume 5, X Toolkit Intrinsics Reference Manual, which provides reference pages for each of the Xt functions, the widget classes defined by Xt, and the Athena widget set.
Sonochemical Synthesis and Characterization of Iron Oxide Coated on Submicrospherical Alumina:  A Direct Observation of Interaction between Iron Oxide and Alumina (1999)

Coating of iron oxides on submicrospheres of alumina was carried out by the sonochemical method. Three kinds of alumina were used, namely, the as-prepared, 700 and 1000 °C heated-alumina. TEM results reveal various coating effects on different heat-treated substrates. The optimum coating is obtained on as-prepared amorphous alumina, in which most of the iron oxide particles are adhered to alumina spheres tightly, while in the sample coated on crystallized alumina heated at 1000 °C, most of the iron oxide particles remain separate from the alumina spheres. The strong interaction between iron oxides and alumina substrate was directly observed by XRD, TEM, and IR and magnetic measurements. Owing to the strong interaction between adhered iron particles and alumina substrate, the complete transformation of γ-Fe2O3 to α-Fe2O3 was retarded to higher than 700 °C; conversely, the presence of haematite can induce the formation of α-Al2O3 at the high temperatures. TEM images clearly show the changes of particle size and morphology for samples at the different heating stages and the combination degree of iron oxide with alumina substrate. At a low temperature, IR results show that iron or iron carbonyl compound is interacted with the isolated OH groups on alumina surface. At high temperatures, the iron ions can incorporate into the defect sites of alumina and form a solid solution at the interface. Magnetization measurements show the existence of elemental iron in as-prepared sample coated on crystallized alumina.
Nail fragility syndrome and its treatment (2004)

For reasons of clarity, definitions are offered for strength, hardness, flexibility, brittleness and toughness of the nails. Six clinical types of nail fragility are delineated: longitudinal furrows and splitting (onychorrhexis), single longitudinal splitting, multiple crenellated splitting, lamellar splitting (onychoschizia), transverse splitting and nail friability. Changes may be observed in the keratin structure of fragile nails. Nail brittleness is usually 'environmental' in origin, but sometimes may be part of a nail dystrophy. Household daily chores are particularly damaging. Among the acquired general causes, hypochromic anaemia and sideropaenia, arthritic deformities of the distal joints, peripheral vascular impairment and endocrinopathies are the best known. Useful therapeutic approaches are updated. They entail protection with plastic gloves worn over light cotton glove linings, the use of nail hardeners composed of two main types of products: a modified nail varnish that functions as a base coat or a hardener, such as dimethyl urea, which overcomes the objections related to formaldehyde; a systemic drug, biotine, is still useful.
The child conceived to give life. (1992)

Bone Marrow Transplantation (BMT) demands a living compatible donor. Some parents will conceive a child "for BMT". These pregnancies have three main characteristics. The traumatic situation of the impending death of a child, the inevitable uncertainty of their issue, of BMT results, the intrusion of biology into the family dynamics.
Sharp or smooth? (2004)

We introduce a new methodology to evaluate the perceived quality of video with variable physical quality. The methodology is used to evaluate existing guidelines - that frame is more important than quantization when watching motion video, such as sports coverage. We test this claim in two studies that examine the relationship between these physical quality metrics and perceived quality. In Study 1, 41 soccer fans viewed CIF-sized images on a desktop computer. Study 2 repeated the experiment with 37 soccer fans, viewing the same content, in QCIF size, on a palmtop device. Contrary to existing guidelines, we found that users prefer high-resolution images to frame rate. We conclude that the rule high motion = frame rate does not apply to small screens. With small screen devices, reducing quantization removes important information about the players and the ball. These findings have important implications for service providers and designers of streamed video applications.