gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Continuous wave peristaltic motion in a robot (2012)

We have developed several innovative designs for a new kind of robot that uses a continuous wave of peristalsis for locomotion, the same method that earthworms use, and report on the first completed prototypes. This form of locomotion is particularly effective in constrained spaces, and although the motion has been understood for some time, it has rarely been effectively or accurately implemented in a robotic platform. As an alternative to robots with long segments, we present a technique using a braided mesh exterior to produce smooth waves of motion along the body of a worm-like robot. We also present a new analytical model of this motion and compare predicted robot velocity to a 2D simulation and a working prototype. Because constant-velocity peristaltic waves form due to accelerating and decelerating segments, it has been often assumed that this motion requires strong anisotropic ground friction. However, our analysis shows that with smooth, constant velocity waves, the forces that cause accelerations within the body sum to zero. Instead, transition timing between aerial and ground phases plays a critical role in the amount of slippage, and the final robot speed. The concept is highly scalable, and we present methods of construction at two different scales.
Experimental Tests of Dual Three-Phase Induction Motor Under Faulty Operating Condition (2011)

This paper describes a set of experimental tests on a dual three-phase induction machine for fault-tolerant applications. Both three-phase and six-phase machine operations are considered. Different winding configurations are investigated and compared in case of both open-circuit and short-circuit faults. Experimental tests for each configuration are reported at no-load and under load operating conditions.
Definition of a laser threshold (1994)

We propose that the threshold of a laser is more appropriately described by the pump power (or current) needed to bring the mean cavity photon number to unity, rather than the conventional ``definition'' that it is the pump power at which the optical gain equals the cavity loss. In general the two definitions agree to within a factor of 2, but in a class of microcavity lasers with high spontaneous emission coupling efficiency and high absorption loss, the definitions may differ by several orders of magnitude. We show that in this regime the laser undergoes a transition from a linear (amplifier) behavior to a nonlinear (oscillatory) behavior at our proposed threshold pump rate. The photon recycling resulting from the high spontaneous emission coupling efficiency and high absorption may in this case result in lasing without population inversion, and coherent light is generated via ``loss saturation'' instead of gain saturation. This mechanism for lasing without inversion is very different from lasing without inversion using a radiation trapped state.
DRUNET: a dilated-residual U-Net deep learning network to segment optic nerve head tissues in optical coherence tomography images (2018)

Given that the neural and connective tissues of the optic nerve head (ONH) exhibit complex morphological changes with the development and progression of glaucoma, their simultaneous isolation from optical coherence tomography (OCT) images may be of great interest for the clinical diagnosis and management of this pathology. A deep learning algorithm (custom U-NET) was designed and trained to segment 6 ONH tissue layers by capturing both the local (tissue texture) and contextual information (spatial arrangement of tissues). The overall Dice coefficient (mean of all tissues) was 0.91 ± 0.05 when assessed against manual segmentations performed by an expert observer. Further, we automatically extracted six clinically relevant neural and connective tissue structural parameters from the segmented tissues. We offer here a robust segmentation framework that could also be extended to the 3D segmentation of the ONH tissues.
Efficient Access to Trifluoromethyl Diarylpyrrolines and their N‐Oxides through Enantioselective Conjugate Addition of Nitromethane to β,β‐Disubstituted Enones (2013)

The cupreidinium salt 1 catalyzes the highly enantioselective conjugate addition of nitromethane to β-aryl-β-trifluoromethyl aryl enones (2). The biologically important chiral pyrrolines 4 and N-oxide 5, having a trifluoromethylated all-carbon quaternary chiral center, were easily synthesized from the key intermediate (R)-3 in high to excellent yields. M.S.=molecular sieves. As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Dynamic characteristics analysis and instantaneous value control design for buck-type power electronic transformer (PET) (2005)

Detail dynamic characteristics analysis of buck-type PET under general load condition was accomplished and the study showed that: under general inductive load condition, the open-loop system is marginally stable and serious output voltage oscillation can be provoked by any random disturbance upon input voltage, control signal or output current. Therefore, in order to ensure the out power quality, we must find out a suitable close-loop regulator. In this paper, we employed the classical PID control algorithm to instantaneously control output voltage following the pre-setting signal. The close-loop system was stable and had good dynamic response characteristic. In addition, during one switching period, the line-frequency input/output voltage and output impedance were treated as constants, and a parameter-/spl gamma/, which is related to load feature, was introduced to simplify the modeling and analyzing process, it is a valid method for small-signal modeling and system dynamic analysis of the PET.
Cover Picture: Carboxylic Acids as Substrates in Homogeneous Catalysis (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 17/2008) (2008)

The rich chemistry of carboxylic acids as substrates in transition-metal catalysis has evolved in recent years. It is the key for developing new, more sustainable organic transformations from renewable raw materials. The cover picture shows the large number of different product classes accessible by catalytic transformations of carboxylic acids, emphasizing their high synthetic potential. In their Review on page 3100 ff., L. J. Gooßen et al. provide an overview of this emerging field offering extensive research possibilities.
Preparation and Characterization of High-Density Polyethylene Blends and Recycled Poly(ethylene terephthalate) (2014)

Polymer blends based on recycled high density polyethylene (rHDPE) and recycled poly (ethylene terephthalate) (rPET) with two types of ethylene-glycidyl methacrylate copolymer (E-GMA), Lotader AX8840 and Lotader AX8900 as compatibilizer were produced in a co-rotating twin screw extruder. The effects of adding rPET content on the impact properties of rHDPE-rich blends were also investigated. The result showed an enhancement of about 80-270% in impact properties as compared to those of the Lotader AX8900. The impact strength also showed a decreasing trend as the rPET content was increased. The addition of E-GMA to the rHDPE/rPET blends was found to recover the blend toughness as well as improving the compatibility between HDPE and PET. In this study, the highest result was obtained for the rHDPE/rPET blends using Lotader AX8840 composition with 7.5% E-GMA content. FTIR analysis of the compatibilized blends confirmed the chemical interaction and improved interfacial bonding between the two phases.
Fabrication and characterization of a concentric cylindrical microtransformer (1997)

This paper describes the use of a nonphotolithographic technique-microcontact printing-to fabricate a concentric cylindrical microtransformer having an outer diameter of /spl sim/350 /spl mu/m. For frequencies of up to 20 kHz, this microtransformer has a high coupling coefficient (>0.9). At higher frequencies, properties of the ferromagnetic material used in the construction of the microtransformer limit performance.
A compact high-speed (31,5) parallel counter circuit based on capacitive threshold-logic gates (1996)

A novel high-speed circuit implementation of the (31,5)-parallel counter (i.e., population counter) based on capacitive threshold logic (CTL) is presented. The circuit consists of 20 threshold logic gates arranged in two stages, i.e., the parallel counter described here has an effective logic depth of two. The charge-based CTL gates are essentially dynamic circuits which require a periodic refresh or precharge cycle, but unlike conventional dynamic CMOS gates, the circuit can be operated in synchronous as well as in asynchronous mode. The counter circuit is implemented using conventional 1.2 /spl mu/m double-poly CMOS technology, and it occupies a silicon area of about 0.08 mm/sup 2/. Extensive post-layout simulations indicate that the circuit has a typical input-to-output propagation delay of less than 3 ns, and the test circuit is shown to operate reliably when consecutive 31-b input vectors are applied at a rate of up to 16 Mvectors/s. With its demonstrated data processing capability of about 500 Mb/s, the CTL-based (31,5) parallel counter offers a number of application possibilities, e.g., in high-speed parallel multiplier arrays and data encoding circuits.
Circulating Tumor DNA Reveals Clinically Actionable Somatic Genome of Metastatic Bladder Cancer (2017)

<b>Purpose:</b> Targeted agents and immunotherapies promise to transform the treatment of metastatic bladder cancer, but therapy selection will depend on practical tumor molecular stratification. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is established in several solid malignancies as a minimally invasive tool to profile the tumor genome in real-time, but is critically underexplored in bladder cancer.<b>Experimental Design:</b> We applied a combination of whole-exome sequencing and targeted sequencing across 50 bladder cancer driver genes to plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) from 51 patients with aggressive bladder cancer, including 37 with metastatic disease.<b>Results:</b> The majority of patients with metastasis, but only 14% of patients with localized disease, had ctDNA proportions above 2% of total cfDNA (median 16.5%, range 3.9%-72.6%). Twelve percent of estimable samples had evidence of genome hypermutation. We reveal an aggressive mutational landscape in metastatic bladder cancer with 95% of patients harboring deleterious alterations to <i>TP53, RB1</i>, or <i>MDM2</i>, and 70% harboring a mutation or disrupting rearrangement affecting chromatin modifiers such as <i>ARID1A</i> Targetable alterations in MAPK/ERK or PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways were robustly detected, including amplification of <i>ERBB2</i> (20% of patients) and activating hotspot mutations in <i>PIK3C</i>A (20%), with the latter mutually exclusive to truncating mutations in <i>TSC1</i> A novel <i>FGFR3</i> gene fusion was identified in consecutive samples from one patient.<b>Conclusions:</b> Our study demonstrates that ctDNA provides a practical and cost-effective snapshot of driver gene status in metastatic bladder cancer. The identification of a wide spectrum of clinically informative somatic alterations nominates ctDNA as a tool to dissect disease pathogenesis and guide therapy selection in patients with metastatic bladder cancer. <i>Clin Cancer Res; 23(21); 6487-97. ©2017 AACR</i>.
A Photovoltaic Greenhouse with Variable Shading for the Optimization of Agricultural and Energy Production (2019)

The cultivation of plants in greenhouses currently plays a role of primary importance in modern agriculture, both for the value obtained with the products made and because it favors the development of highly innovative technologies and production techniques. An intense research effort in the field of energy production from renewable sources has increasingly led to the development of greenhouses which are partially covered by photovoltaic elements. The purpose of this study is to present the potentiality of an innovative prototype photovoltaic greenhouse with variable shading to optimize energy production by photovoltaic panels and agricultural production. With this prototype, it is possible to vary the shading inside the greenhouse by panel rotation, in relation to the climatic conditions external to the greenhouse. An analysis was made for the solar radiation available during the year, for cases of completely clear sky and partial cloud, by considering the 15th day of each month. In this paper, the results show how the shading variation enabled regulation of the internal radiation, choosing the minimum value of necessary radiation, because the internal microclimatic parameters must be compatible with the needs of the plant species grown in the greenhouses.
Nrf2 and NF-κB and Their Concerted Modulation in Cancer Pathogenesis and Progression (2010)

Reactive oxygen species, produced by oxidative stress, are implicated in the initiation, promotion, and malignant conversion of carcinogenesis through activation/suppression of redox-sensitive transcription factors. NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) encodes for antioxidant and general cytoprotection genes, while NF-κB regulates the expression of pro-inflammatory genes. A variety of anti-inflammatory or anti-carcinogenic phyto-chemicals suppress NF-κB signalling and activate the Nrf2-ARE pathway. In this review we consider the role of Nrf2 and NF-κB in cancer pathogenesis and progression, focusing on their concerted modulation and potential cross-talk.
Some features of the electric relaxation in PVDF and PVDF-PZT composites (2002)

It is shown that relaxation of the residual polarization in PVDF can be caused by spontaneous switching of a portion of the polarized volume to its initial electric state. The phenomenon is observed as Barkhausen's pulses. The duration of the pulse, the magnitude of a leap, and the switched volume per pulse are calculated. The current oscillations of infra-low frequency are also observed in partly poled samples, caused by a propagation of polarization waves (solitons) through the sample thickness. It is shown that relaxation of the unstable component of the residual polarization is responsible for the thermally stimulated currents in PVDF-PZT composites. The thermally stable one provides for the piezo- and pyroelectricity in the composite.
Increased translational fidelity caused by the antibiotic kasugamycin and ribosomal ambiguity in mutants harbouring the <i>ksgA</i> gene (1984)

The aminoglycoside kasugamycin, which has previously been shown to inhibit initiation of protein biosynthesis in vitro, also affects translational accuracy in vitro. This is deduced from the observation that the drug decreases the incorporation of histidine relative to alanine into the coat protein of phage MS2, the gene of which is devoid of histidine codons. The read-through of the MS2 coat cistron, due to frameshifts in vitro, is also suppressed by the antibiotic. In contrast, streptomycin enhances histidine incorporation and read-through in this system. The effects of kasugamycin take place at concentrations that do not inhibit coat protein biosynthesis. Kasugamycin-resistant mutants (ksgA) lacking dimethylation of two adjacent adenosines in 16 S ribosomal RNA, show an increased leakiness of nonsense and frameshift mutants (in the absence of antibiotic). They are therefore phenotypically similar to previously described ribosomal ambiguity mutants (ram).
Personal Identification using quality image resulting from binarization and thinning techniques (2017)

Biometric verification is any means by which a person can be uniquely identified by evaluating one or more distinguishing biological traits which include fingerprints, hand geometry, retina and iris patterns, voice recognition, signatures. Biometrics identification has eventually a much broader relevance as computer interface becomes more natural. It is mostly preferred mainly due to the invariance of the properties, measurability, singularity and acceptance. The oldest form of biometric verification is fingerprinting. It includes fingerprint registration and the fingerprint verification, where it goes through four phases which include binarization, thinning, minutiae extraction process and hough transformation. We use finger print verification based on fusion of minutiae and ridges using strength factors (FVMRSF), where this algorithm that has better matching percentage for different finger-prints compared to the existing algorithms and it has presentation based on the minutia Automatic Fingerprint Identification Systems.
Monoglyceride Synthesis by Heterogeneous Catalysis Using MCM-41 Type Silicas Functionalized with Amino Groups (1997)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVNoteNEXTMonoglyceride Synthesis by Heterogeneous Catalysis Using MCM-41 Type Silicas Functionalized with Amino GroupsAnne Cauvel, Gilbert Renard, and Daniel BrunelView Author Information Laboratoire de Matériaux Catalytiques et Catalyse en Chimie Organique, UMR 5618 CNRS-ENSCM and CPI Groupe Synthèse Organique Enzymatique − Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie-8, rue Ecole Normale, F-34296 − Montpellier Cédex 5, France Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1997, 62, 3, 749–751Publication Date (Web):February 7, 1997Publication History Received23 July 1996Published online7 February 1997Published inissue 1 February 1997https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo9614001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo9614001brief-reportACS PublicationsCopyright © 1997 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2757Altmetric-Citations295LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose SUBJECTS:Alcohols,Catalysts,Chemical reactions,Lipids,Silica Get e-Alerts
Effect of Altering Handle Position of a Rolling Walker on Gait in Children with Cerebral Palsy (1989)

The purpose of this study was to determine whether altering the handle position on a rolling walker would affect the gait pattern of children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). Sixteen children with CP (2-10 years old) performed six gait trials, three with the handle on the rolling walker positioned horizontally and three with the handle positioned vertically. Using the footprint-on-paper method, gait characteristics of right and left step width, step length, and stride length; cadence; and velocity were determined. A two-way analysis of variance for two repeated measures indicated no significant differences in the measured gait characteristics between handle positions. Significant differences between the first trial and subsequent trials for both horizontal and vertical handle positions were found using Duncan's multiple comparison test. This study suggests that in this sample of children, altering the handle position did not lead to any immediate statistically significant changes in the gait characteristics measured. Results suggest that walkers with vertical handles should not be prescribed under the assumption that the gait characteristics of the child using the walker will be changed. This study does not rule out other changes that might occur with the use of vertical-handled walkers.
Regions with abundant neurofibrillary pathology in human brain exhibit a selective reduction in levels of binding-competent tau and accumulation of abnormal tau-isoforms (A68 proteins). (1992)

Paired helical filaments, the dominant filamentous components of Alzheimer's disease (AD), neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), neuropil threads, and the dystrophic neurites associated with amyloid rich senile plaques, are composed of abnormally phosphorylated derivatives of tau known as A68 proteins. Indeed the inappropriate phosphorylation of Ser396, which is adjacent to the microtuble binding domain in tau, may contribute to the transformation of tau into A68 and prevent A68 from efficiently binding to microtubules. The reduced levels of normal soluble tau proteins in AD brains may be the consequence of a multi-step process whereby normal tau is converted into A68 and sequestered in paired helical filaments. To elucidate the events involved in this process, we compared the relative levels of binding-competent (BC) and binding-incompetent (BI) tau with the level of A68 in six different regions (hippocampus, fornix, frontal grey and white matter, and cerebellar grey and white matter) of fresh AD and control brains. When the AD brains were compared as a group with neurologically normal and diseased non-AD controls, quantitative immunoblot analysis demonstrated a selective reduction of BC tau in regions of the AD brains with abundant neurofibrillary lesions (NFTs, neuropil threads, and senile plaque neurites) and in their associated white matter areas. The level of BI tau was similar in both AD and control brains. In contrast, A68 was present only in the AD brains, but it was confined to those brain regions with abundant NFTs, neuropil threads, and senile plaques. We view the reductions in BC tau in fornix and frontal white matter to be a consequence of the reductions in their associated grey matter regions i.e., hippocampus and frontal grey matter. Although there is no strict relationship between the reduction of BC tau and the level of A68 within an individual brain, the comparison of the AD group with the control group suggests that the grey matter of the affected regions may be the site for the conversion of BC tau into A68. Further, this process may occur rapidly or via pathways that do not involve BI tau since the levels of BI tau were similar in AD and control brains. Although the complete sequence of events leading to the transformation of tau into A68 and paired helical filaments remains to be elucidated, our data provide compelling evidence that A68 proteins are generated from tau-proteins in selected regions of the AD brain where neurofibrillary lesions comprised of paired helical filaments accumulate.