gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Balancing Immune Protection and Immune Pathology by CD8+ T-Cell Responses to Influenza Infection (2016)

Influenza A virus (IAV) is a significant human pathogen causing annual epidemics and periodic pandemics. CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated immunity contributes to the clearance of virus-infected cells, and CTL immunity targeting the conserved internal proteins of IAVs is a key protection mechanism when neutralizing antibodies are absent during heterosubtypic IAV infection. However, CTL infiltration into the airways, its cytotoxicity, and the effects of produced proinflammatory cytokines can cause severe lung tissue injury, thereby contributing to immunopathology. Studies have discovered complicated and exquisite stimulatory and inhibitory mechanisms that regulate CTL magnitude and effector activities during IAV infection. Here, we review the state of knowledge on the roles of IAV-specific CTLs in immune protection and immunopathology during IAV infection in animal models, highlighting the key findings of various requirements and constraints regulating the balance of immune protection and pathology involved in CTL immunity. We also discuss the evidence of cross-reactive CTL immunity as a positive correlate of cross-subtype protection during secondary IAV infection in both animal and human studies. We argue that the effects of CTL immunity on protection and immunopathology depend on multiple layers of host and viral factors, including complex host mechanisms to regulate CTL magnitude and effector activity, the pathogenic nature of the IAV, the innate response milieu, and the host historical immune context of influenza infection. Future efforts are needed to further understand these key host and viral factors, especially to differentiate those that constrain optimally effective CTL antiviral immunity from those necessary to restrain CTL-mediated non-specific immunopathology in the various contexts of IAV infection, in order to develop better vaccination and therapeutic strategies for modifying protective CTL immunity.
Dissipative nonlinear structures in optical fiber systems III:dissipative solitons via nonlinear mapping (2009)

In the third and final talk on dissipative structures in fiber applications, we discuss mathematical techniques that can be used to characterize modern laser systems that consist of several discrete elements. In particular, we use a nonlinear mapping technique to evaluate high power laser systems where significant changes in the pulse evolution per cavity round trip is observed. We demonstrate that dissipative soliton solutions might be effectively described using this Poincaré mapping approach.
<i>Retracted:</i>Advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) accumulation and AGE receptor (RAGE) up‐regulation contribute to the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy (2008)

Diabetic cardiomyopathy is manifested by compromised systolic and diastolic function. This study was designed to examine the role of advanced glycation endproduct (AGE) and AGE receptor (RAGE) in diabetic cardiomyopathy. Heart function was assessed in isolated control and streptozotocin-induced diabetic hearts following in vivo RAGE gene knockdown using RNA interference. Cardiomyocyte mechanical properties were evaluated including peak shortening (PS), time-to-PS (TPS) and time-to-90% relengthening (TR(90)). RAGE was assayed by RT-PCR and immunoblot. Diabetes significantly enhanced cardiac MG, AGE and RAGE levels accompanied with colocalization of AGE and RAGE in cardiomyocytes. Diabetes-elicited increase in RAGE was inhibited by in vivo siRNA interference. The AGE formation inhibitor benfotiamine significantly attenuated diabetes-induced elevation in MG, AGE, RAGE and collagen cross-linking without affecting hypertriglyceridaemia and hypercholesterolaemia in diabetes. Diabetes markedly decreased LV contractility, as evidenced by reduced +/-dP/dt and LV developed pressure (LVDP), which were protected by RAGE gene knockdown. In addition, MG-derived AGE (MG-AGE) up-regulated cardiac RAGE mRNA and triggered cardiomyocyte contractile dysfunction reminiscent of diabetic cardiomyopathy. The MG-AGE-elicited prolongation of TPS and TR(90) was ablated by an anti-RAGE antibody in cardiomyocytes. Interestingly, MG-AGE-induced cardiomyocyte dysfunction was associated with mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) depolarization and reduced GSK-3beta inactivation in control cardiomyocytes, similar to those from in vivo diabetes. Treatment with siRNA-RAGE ablated diabetes-induced MMP depolarization and GSK-3beta inactivation. Collectively, our result implicated a role of AGE-RAGE in the pathogenesis of diabetic cardiomyopathy.
Serum Creatinine as an Index of Renal Function: New Insights into Old Concepts (1992)

The serum creatinine concentration is widely interpreted as a measure of the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is used as an index of renal function in clinical practice. Glomerular filtration of creatinine, however, is only one of the variables that determines its concentration in serum. Alterations in renal handling and metabolism of creatinine and methodological interferences in its measurement may have a profound impact on the serum concentration of creatinine. We review the fundamental principles of physiology, metabolism, and analytical chemistry that are necessary to correctly interpret the serum creatinine concentration. These principles are then applied to important clinical circumstances, including aging, pregnancy, diabetes mellitus, drug administration, and acute and chronic renal failure. Despite numerous limitations, serum creatinine remains a useful clinical tool, but more accurate measures of renal function are frequently necessary.
Bases do pensamento tensivo (2019)

O autor revela algumas das etapas decisivas que marcaram o ingresso do pensamento tensivo na semiótica greimasiana. O principal sujeito dessa narrativa foi o francês Claude Zilberberg, que soube reger o contraponto da semiotização fundada pelo teórico lituano com a temporalização praticada por Paul Valéry, com a ideia de acentuação preconizada em Ernst Cassirer e ainda com a musicalização encontrada em Gisèle Brelet. Passo a passo, Zilberberg foi chegando a uma gramática tensiva, na qual articulam-se intensidade (força afetiva) e extensidade (campo de abrangência dos fatos) e, ao mesmo tempo, a uma gramática da espera que responde pela coexistência dos conceitos antagônicos, incluindo evidentemente seus próprios conceitos contrários, como o “acontecimento” e a “surpresa”.
Methylation-associated silencing of MicroRNA-335 contributes tumor cell invasion and migration by interacting with RASA1 in gastric cancer. (2014)

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that function as endogenous silencers of target genes, previous studies have shown that miR-335 play an important role in suppressing metastasis and migration in human cancer including gastric cancer (GC). However, the mechanisms which result in aberrant expression of miR-335 in GC are still unknown. Recent studies have shown that the silencing of some miRNAs is associated with DNA hypermethylation. In this study, we find the promoter of miR-335 we embedded in CpG island by accessing to bioinformatics data and the low expression of miR-335 in 5 gastric cell lines can be restored by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-dC) treatment. So we postulated that the miR-335 genes undergo epigenetic inactivation in GC. Subsequently, in GC cells and tissues, we performed quantitative real-time PCR (RTQ-PCR) to assess the expression of miR-335, and methylation-specific PCR (MSP) and bisulfite sequence-PCR (BSP) to evaluate the DNA methylation status in the CpG islands upstream of MiR-335. The result showed that the expression of miR-335 was significantly reduce in gastric cancer cell lines and tumor tissues compared to matched normal gastric tissues, and cell lines, and which is inverse correlation with DNA hypermethylation of miR-335 both in GC cells lines and tissues, but not in normal tissues. In addition, we found that the lower miR-335 expression induced by abnormal methylation may be mainly involved in gastric cell invasion and metastasis in GC tissues. No statistical significance was found about miR-335 expression and methylation level between healthy individuals with and without H. pylori (HP) infection. Finally, we carry out miRNA transfection, RTQ-PCR and western blot assay to find the RAS p21 protein activator (GTPase activating protein) 1 (RASA1) may be the possible target genes which lead to the gastric cell invasion and metastasis, furthermore, the re-expression of endogenous miR-335 by 5-Aza-dC treatment can exert effects similar to exogenous miRNAs transfection. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-335 may be silenced by promoter hypermethylation and play important roles in gastric cell invasion and metastasis through its target genes, such as RASA1. Its methylation level might be a predictive epigenetic marker of GC and remodeling on the expression by demethylation can provided a potential therapeutic strategy.
16α-CHLORO- AND 16α-IODOESTRONE METHYL ETHER, NEW AND POTENT LIPID-SHIFTING AGENTS (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXT16α-CHLORO- AND 16α-IODOESTRONE METHYL ETHER, NEW AND POTENT LIPID-SHIFTING AGENTSGeorge P. Mueller, William F. Johns, Donald L. Cook, and Richard A. EdgrenCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1958, 80, 7, 1769–1770Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01540a070https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01540a070research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views45Altmetric-Citations10LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Elimination of harmonic resonance in high power GTO CSI induction motor drives (2002)

A harmonic resonance phenomenon associated with high power GTO current source inverter drives is investigated. It is indicated in this paper that the resonance is caused by the parallel connection of output capacitor and induction motor, and it is excited by harmonics in the inverter output current. A general solution to eliminating the harmonic resonance is discussed. Two practical problems, the effects of DC link current ripple on inverter current harmonics and the effects of noncharacteristic harmonics on the resonance, are investigated. Solutions to these problems are proposed. Simulation and experimental results on a 1250 HP drive are provided to verify the analysis.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Top ten blunders by visual designers (1995)

Literacy in a medium means being able to use it to communicate to our fellow human beings. Literacy means that we can recognize good and bad attempts in the medium and avoid the latter while employing the former. By that standard, many, even in the graphics field, are not visually literate.As a consultant I'm called in to fix what's gone awry. I want to share with you some of the most frequently made --- and easily prevented --- blunders by visual designers, especially as they move to electronic media.
Real-Time Myoprocessors for a Neural Controlled Powered Exoskeleton Arm (2006)

Exoskeleton robots are promising assistive/rehabilitative devices that can help people with force deficits or allow the recovery of patients who have suffered from pathologies such as stroke. The key component that allows the user to control the exoskeleton is the human machine interface (HMI). Setting the HMI at the neuro-muscular level may lead to seamless integration and intuitive control of the exoskeleton arm as a natural extension of the human body. At the core of the exoskeleton HMI there is a model of the human muscle, the "myoprocessor," running in real-time and in parallel to the physiological muscle, that predicts joint torques as a function of the joint kinematics and neural activation levels. This paper presents the development of myoprocessors for the upper limb based on the Hill phenomenological muscle model. Genetic algorithms are used to optimize the internal parameters of the myoprocessors utilizing an experimental database that provides inputs to the model and allows for performance assessment. The results indicate high correlation between joint moment predictions of the model and the measured data. Consequently, the myoprocessor seems an adequate model, sufficiently robust for further integration into the exoskeleton control system.
Code optimization techniques for embedded DSP microprocessors (1995)

We address the problem of code optimization for embedded DSP microprocessors. Such processors (e.g., those in the TMS320 series) have highly irregular datapaths, and conventional code generation methods typically result in inefficient code. In this paper we formulate and solve some optimization problems that arise in code generation for processors with irregular datapaths. In addition to instruction scheduling and register allocation, we also formulate the accumulator spilling and mode selection problems that arise in DSP microprocessors. We present optimal and heuristic algorithms that determine an instruction schedule simultaneously optimizing accumulator spilling and mode selection. Experimental results are presented.
Influence of a velocity model and source frequency on microseismic waveforms: some implications for microseismic locations (2012)

ABSTRACT In this paper, we examine the influence of a velocity model and microseismic source frequency on microseismic waveforms and event locations. Finite‐difference waveform synthetics are generated based on the Cotton Valley hydraulic fracture experiment, where we vary the vertical heterogeneity of the velocity models as well as the microseismic source frequencies. We find that differences between plausible velocity models lead to changes in arrival times of approximately 0.0035 seconds for P‐waves and 0.0085 seconds for S‐waves. Based on the average P‐ and S‐wave velocities, the difference in the P‐ and S‐wave traveltimes is equivalent to approximately 20 m in location difference. Significant increases in the waveform coda develop with increasing model heterogeneity and increasing source frequency. The presence of signal noise as well as other sources of error (e.g., uncertainty in geophone location) will likely lead to further increase in uncertainty in location error estimates. Thus we note that location error due to incorrect velocity models cannot be ignored.
Polymer and biopolymer mediated self-assembly of gold nanoparticles (2008)

Gold nanoparticle-polymer composites are versatile and diverse functional materials, with applications in optical, electronic and sensing devices. This tutorial review focuses on the use of polymers to control the assembly of gold nanoparticles. Examples of synthetic polymers and biopolymers are provided, as well as applications of the composite materials in sensing and memory devices.
Lysophosphatidylcholine Activates Adipocyte Glucose Uptake and Lowers Blood Glucose Levels in Murine Models of Diabetes (2009)

Glucose homeostasis is maintained by the orchestration of peripheral glucose utilization and hepatic glucose production, mainly by insulin. In this study, we found by utilizing a combined parallel chromatography mass profiling approach that lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) regulates glucose levels. LPC was found to stimulate glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 adipocytes dose- and time-dependently, and this activity was found to be sensitive to variations in acyl chain lengths and to polar head group types in LPC. Treatment with LPC resulted in a significant increase in the level of GLUT4 at the plasma membranes of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Moreover, LPC did not affect IRS-1 and AKT2 phosphorylations, and LPC-induced glucose uptake was not influenced by pretreatment with the PI 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002. However, glucose uptake stimulation by LPC was abrogated both by rottlerin (a protein kinase Cdelta inhibitor) and by the adenoviral expression of dominant negative protein kinase Cdelta. In line with its determined cellular functions, LPC was found to lower blood glucose levels in normal mice. Furthermore, LPC improved blood glucose levels in mouse models of type 1 and 2 diabetes. These results suggest that an understanding of the mode of action of LPC may provide a new perspective of glucose homeostasis.
Formation, stability, and rearrangements of the glutathione conjugates of butadiene monoxide: evidence for the formation of stable sulfurane intermediates (1991)

Butadiene monoxide, a toxic metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, is a substrate for the human placental glutathione (GSH) S-transferase. The products have been identified as S-(2-hydroxy-3-buten-1-yl)glutathione (I) and S-(1-hydroxy-3-buten-2-yl)glutathione (II). S-(4-hydroxy-2-buten-1-yl)glutathione (III), which was formed chemically, was not detected. 1H NMR analysis of II was consistent with its structure, but spectra of I indicated a 1:1 equilibrium between I and the sulfurane tautomer (IVB) formed by intramolecular displacement of the hydroxyl group by the sulfur atom. The ratio of I to IVB did not change whether the spectrum was obtained at pH 3, 7, or 9 in the presence or absence of LiClO4. Incubations of I at pH 7 or 9 for 5 days at 25 degrees C or for 7 h at 50 degrees C, in the presence or absence of nucleophiles plus LiClO4, did not affect the HPLC profile of I. Storage of I at -20 degrees C for 30 weeks, reflux at pH 7.8 for 5 h in the presence of GSH, or incubations at pH 2 for 5 h at 55 degrees C in the presence of GSH or 2-mercaptoethanol, however, resulted in the conversion of I to III (10-30%). Treatment of I with H2O2 resulted in formation of the corresponding sulfoxide (V) and sulfone (VI), which blocked the formation of III. NMR and chemical reactivity studies of III indicated an initial 1:1 equilibrium between III and the five-membered ring sulfurane (VIIB) formed by intramolecular displacement of the hydroxyl group by the sulfur atom.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
PCR cloning and expression analysis of a cDNA encoding a pectinacetylesterase from <i>Vigna radiata</i> L (1996)

A cDNA clone encoding a pectinacetylesterase (PAE) was isolated from 3-day-old mung bean seedlings using PCR-based techniques. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed according to the N-terminus and internal peptides from the purified PAE. The full-length clone of 1453 bp codes for a signal peptide of 24 amino acids and a mature protein of 375 amino acids. The Mr and the pI of the cDNA-deduced amino acid sequence agree with the values estimated for the purified enzyme. No significant sequence identity between the PAE and any known protein could be found in the databases. Northern analysis revealed developmentally regulated expression of the mRNA in mung been seedlings.
Theory of model-based geophysical survey and experimental design (2004)

This is the second of a two-part tutorial (the first part was in October's TLE). It provides a theoretical framework from the field of statistical experimental design (SED, a field of statistics) within which model-based survey and experimental design problems and methods can be understood. Specifically, these tutorials describe methods pertinent to the detection and inference of models of physical properties of rocks in the laboratory, or of the earth. Most of this part can be understood without reading Part 1, but if any discussion is unclear, it is likely that reading Part 1 will help.
A Facile Synthesis of <i>N</i>-Carboxyanhydrides and Poly(α-amino acid) Using Di-<i>tert</i>-butyltricarbonate (2004)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunication to the...Communication to the EditorNEXTA Facile Synthesis of N-Carboxyanhydrides and Poly(α-amino acid) Using Di-tert-butyltricarbonateAtsushi Nagai, Daisuke Sato, Junichi Ishikawa, Bungo Ochiai, Hiroto Kudo, and Takeshi EndoView Author Information Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yamagata University, 4-3-16 Jonan, Yonezawa, Yamagata 992-8510, Japan, and Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Engineering, Kanagawa University, Rokkakubashi, Kanagawa-ku, Yokohama 221-8686, Japan Cite this: Macromolecules 2004, 37, 7, 2332–2334Publication Date (Web):March 9, 2004Publication History Received22 January 2004Revised15 February 2004Published online9 March 2004Published inissue 1 April 2004https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma0498464https://doi.org/10.1021/ma0498464rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 2004 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1784Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Monomers,Peptides and proteins,Polymerization,Ring-opening polymerization,Solvents Get e-Alerts
Practice Patterns and Outcomes of Retrievable Vena Cava Filters in Trauma Patients: An AAST Multicenter Study (2007)

Most R-IVCFs are not retrieved. The service placing the R-IVCF should be responsible for follow up. The Optease was associated with the greatest incidence of residual thrombus and symptomatic caval occlusion. The practice patterns of R-IVCF placement and retrieval should be re-examined.
Security in Asia: Reappraisals after Vietnam (1969)

The present phase of the Vietnam war makes a sombre enough context for any attempt to forecast the future shape of security arrangements in Asia. Looking at the snail's pace of the negotiations in Paris, and the dogged, wearisome military attrition of both sides in the battle area (which stretches beyond Vietnam itself) one sometimes has a feeling that there could be a ring of desperate prophecy in a remark attributed to the chief of the cia, that a war of this sort could go on for a hundred years. On the other hand, looking back over the past presidential election season one knows that this is not so: that the war at its