gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Testosterone decreases trust in socially naïve humans (2010)

Trust plays an important role in the formation and maintenance of human social relationships. But trusting others is associated with a cost, given the prevalence of cheaters and deceivers in human society. Recent research has shown that the peptide hormone oxytocin increases trust in humans. However, oxytocin also makes individuals susceptible to betrayal, because under influence of oxytocin, subjects perseverate in giving trust to others they know are untrustworthy. Testosterone, a steroid hormone associated with competition and dominance, is often viewed as an inhibitor of sociality, and may have antagonistic properties with oxytocin. The following experiment tests this possibility in a placebo-controlled, within-subjects design involving the administration of testosterone to 24 female subjects. We show that compared with the placebo, testosterone significantly decreases interpersonal trust, and, as further analyses established, this effect is determined by those who give trust easily. We suggest that testosterone adaptively increases social vigilance in these trusting individuals to better prepare them for competition over status and valued resources. In conclusion, our data provide unique insights into the hormonal regulation of human sociality by showing that testosterone downregulates interpersonal trust in an adaptive manner.
Attractive-repulsive dynamics on light-responsive chiral microparticles induced by polarized tweezers (2012)

Multifunctional colloidal micro and nano-particles with controlled architectures have very promising properties for applications in bio and nanotechnologies. Here we report on the unique dichotomous dynamical behaviour of chiral spherical microparticles, either fluid or solid, manipulated by polarized optical tweezers. The particles are created using a reactive mesogen mixed with a chiral dopant to form cholesteric liquid crystal droplets in water emulsion. The photopolymerization enables the chiral supramolecular configurations to be frozen in solid particles. Different internal architectures in the supramolecular structures, guided by the interfacial chemistry, enable optically isotropic or anisotropic spherical objects to be obtained. For particles having radial configuration of the cholesteric helices, we show that light can exert either a repulsive or attractive force depending on the handedness of its circular polarization, due to the unique selective reflection property of the cholesteric phase. On the other hand, very exotic dynamics is observed in the case of anisotropic chiral particles. Depending on the light handedness, they behave like Janus spherical particles with dissimilar optical properties, meaning that the surface of the dielectric particles is partly transparent and partly reflecting. We foresee interesting potential applications in micro and optofluidics, microphotonics and materials science.
Identification of ζ-Crystallin/NADPH:Quinone Reductase as a Renal Glutaminase mRNA pH Response Element-binding Protein (2001)

Increased renal ammoniagenesis and bicarbonate synthesis from glutamine during chronic metabolic acidosis facilitate the excretion of acids and partially restore normal acid-base balance. This adaptation is sustained, in part, by a cell-specific stabilization of the glutaminase mRNA that leads to an increased synthesis of the mitochondrial glutaminase. A direct repeat of an 8-base AU sequence within the 3'-nontranslated region of the glutaminase mRNA binds a unique protein with high affinity and specificity. Expression of various chimeric mRNAs in LLC-PK(1)-FBPase(+) cells demonstrated that a single 8-base AU sequence is both necessary and sufficient to function as a pH response element (pH RE). A biotinylated oligoribonucleotide containing the direct repeat was used as an affinity ligand to purify the pH RE-binding protein from a cytosolic extract of rat renal cortex. The purified binding activity retained the same specific binding properties as observed with crude extracts and correlated with the elution of a 36-kDa protein. Microsequencing by mass spectroscopy and Western blot analysis were used to identify this protein as zeta-crystallin/NADPH:quinone reductase. The purified protein contained eight tryptic peptides that were identical to sequences found in mouse zeta-crystallin and three peptides that differed by only a single amino acid. The observed differences may represent substitutions found in the rat homolog. A second protein purified by this protocol was identified as T-cell-restricted intracellular antigen-related protein (TIAR). However, the purified TIAR neither bound nor affected the binding of zeta-crystallin/NADPH:quinone reductase to the pH RE. Furthermore, specific antibodies to zeta-crystallin, but not TIAR, blocked the formation of the complex between the pH RE and either the crude cytosolic extract or the purified protein. Thus, zeta-crystallin/NADPH:quinone reductase is a pH response element-binding protein.
p50<sup><i>cdc37</i></sup> Acting in Concert with Hsp90 Is Required for Raf-1 Function (1999)

Genetic screens in Drosophila have identified p50(cdc37) to be an essential component of the sevenless receptor/mitogen-activated kinase protein (MAPK) signaling pathway, but neither the function nor the target of p50(cdc37) in this pathway has been defined. In this study, we examined the role of p50(cdc37) and its Hsp90 chaperone partner in Raf/Mek/MAPK signaling biochemically. We found that coexpression of wild-type p50(cdc37) with Raf-1 resulted in robust and dose-dependent activation of Raf-1 in Sf9 cells. In addition, p50(cdc37) greatly potentiated v-Src-mediated Raf-1 activation. Moreover, we found that p50(cdc37) is the primary determinant of Hsp90 recruitment to Raf-1. Overexpression of a p50(cdc37) mutant which is unable to recruit Hsp90 into the Raf-1 complex inhibited Raf-1 and MAPK activation by growth factors. Similarly, pretreatment with geldanamycin (GA), an Hsp90-specific inhibitor, prevented both the association of Raf-1 with the p50(cdc37)-Hsp90 heterodimer and Raf-1 kinase activation by serum. Activation of Raf-1 via baculovirus coexpression with oncogenic Src or Ras in Sf9 cells was also strongly inhibited by dominant negative p50(cdc37) or by GA. Thus, formation of a ternary Raf-1-p50(cdc37)-Hsp90 complex is crucial for Raf-1 activity and MAPK pathway signaling. These results provide the first biochemical evidence for the requirement of the p50(cdc37)-Hsp90 complex in protein kinase regulation and for Raf-1 function in particular.
Interaction of manganese(IV) oxide with aqueous solutions of citric and sulfuric acids (2012)

The kinetic laws of the dissolution of manganese(IV) oxide using citric acid are studied as functions of the temperature and pH of a solution and the concentration of citric acid. The following kinetic parameters of the dissolution are calculated: the reaction rate, the reaction order with respect to citrate ions (n = 0.6), and the activation energy (E a = 47.4 kJ/mol). The optimum conditions favoring an increase in the leaching intensity and economical consumption of the reactants are experimentally determined.
Effect of a thrombin receptor (protease‐activated receptor 1,<i>PAR‐1</i>) gene polymorphism in chronic hepatitis C liver fibrosis (2007)

In conclusion, these findings suggest that PAR-1 receptor polymorphisms influence the progression of liver fibrosis.
A toposequence of fine-textured soils in the hilly area of the northernmost part of Hokkaido (1990)

Abstract Morphological, micromorphological, and physico-chemical investigations were conducted on three profiles of a toposequence in the hilly area of northern Hokkaido: Profile Bf, on a relatively steep slope; Profile Pr, on a rounded top or upper convex slope; and Profile Pg, on a lower concave slope. The influences of eluviation and illuviation processes were evident in all three profiles, but the appearances of the profiles were different depending upon the geomorphic position. The soil substances accumulated in the B horizons in all three profiles were summarized as follows: sesquioxides not associated with humus and clay in Profile Bf; sesquioxides and humus in Profile Pr; and mainly clay but including sesquioxides not associated with humus in Profile Pg. Profiles Pg and Bf were identified as Aquic Glossoboralfs and Typic Haplumbrepts, respectively, according to Soil Taxonomy. Although Profile Pr had a spodic morphology, its Bhs horizon failed to meet one of the laboratory criteria of a spodic horizon: (Fep+Alp)/clay>0.2, due to the large amount of inherent clay. In the thin sections of the Bhs horizon, however, neoorgano-sesquans which were not associated with clay were common at the edge of the matrix adjacent to interpedal pores. As this criterion is used to distinguish amorphous humo-sesquioxides from those associated with translocated clay, the ratio of (Fep+Alp)/clay can be small if the independency of their movement is evident. From this point of view, the authors concluded that Profile Pr was a kind of Spodosols on the basis of the morphological and micromorphological observations.
Immunotherapy Gone Viral: Bortezomib and oHSV Enhance Antitumor NK-Cell Activity (2016)

Oncolytic viruses, proteasome inhibitors, and natural killer (NK)-cell immunotherapy have all been studied extensively as monotherapies but have never been evaluated in combination. Synergetic treatment of oncolytic virus-infected glioblastomas with a proteasome inhibitor induces necroptotic cell death to enhance NK-cell immunotherapy, prolonging survival against human glioblastoma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(21); 5164-6. ©2016 AACRSee related article by Yoo et al., p. 5265.
Leptin therapy, insulin sensitivity, and glucose homeostasis (2012)

Glucose homeostasis is closely regulated not only by insulin, but also by leptin. Both hormones act centrally, regulating food intake and adiposity in humans. Leptin has several effects on the glucose-insulin homeostasis, some of which are independent of body weight and adiposity. Those effects of leptin are determined centrally in the hypothalamus and peripherally in the pancreas, muscles and liver. Leptin has beneficial effects on the glucose-insulin metabolism, by decreasing glycemia, insulinemia and insulin resistance. The understanding of the effects of leptin on the glucose-insulin homeostasis will lead to the development of leptin-based therapies against diabetes and other insulin resistance syndromes. In these review, we summarize the interactions between leptin and insulin, and their effects on the glucose metabolism.
Small Molecule Inhibitors of Dynamin I GTPase Activity:  Development of Dimeric Tyrphostins (2005)

Dynamin I is a GTPase enzyme required for endocytosis and is an excellent target for the design of potential endocytosis inhibitors. Screening of a library of tyrphostins, in our laboratory, against the GTPase activity of dynamin I gave rise to a microM potent lead, 2-cyano-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)thioacrylamide (1, IC50 70 microM). Our initial investigations suggested that only the dimeric form of 1 displayed dynamin I GTPase inhibitory activity. Subsequent synthetic iterations were based on dimeric analogues and afforded a number of small molecules, low microM potent, inhibitors of dynamin I GTPase, in particular, symmetrical analogues with a minimum of two free phenolic -OHs: catechol-acrylamide (9) (IC50= 5.1 +/- 0.6 microM), its 3,4,5-trihydroxy congener (10) (IC50= 1.7 +/- 0.2 microM), and the corresponding 3-methyl ether (11) (IC50= 9 +/- 3 microM). Increasing the length of the central alkyl spacer from ethyl to propyl (22-24) afforded essentially identical activity with IC50's of 1.7 +/- 0.2, 1.7 +/- 0.2, and 5 +/- 1 microM, respectively. No decrease in activity was noted until the introduction of a hexyl spacer. Our studies highlight the requirement for two free amido NHs with neither the mono-N-methyl (86) nor the bis-N-methyl (87) analogues inhibiting dynamin I GTPase. A similar effect was noted for the removal of the nitrile moieties. However, modest potency was observed with the corresponding ester analogues of 9-11: ethyl ester (90), propyl ester (91), and butyl ester (92), with IC50's of 42 +/- 3, 38 +/- 2, and 61 +/- 2 microM, respectively. Our studies reveal the most potent and promising dynamin I GTPase inhibitor in this series as (22), which is also known as BisT.
Structural Properties of Heavily B-Doped SiGe Thin Films for High Thermoelectric Power (2010)

Heavily B-doped SiGe thin films was reported to have large thermoelectric power and power factor at room temperature after annealing. In this paper, we investigated the structures that give rise to the large thermoelectric power and power factor. The thin films were prepared by ion-beam sputtering method. The annealing temperature dependence of structural properties was investigated. The thin films exhibited large thermoelectric power (1.4 mVK−1) and power factor (6.8×10−3 Wm−1K−2) at room temperature after annealing at around 900 K. At that region, crystallite diameter was below 10 nm. The structure changed from amorphous to microcrystalline over 900 K. It is considered that quantum size effect enhances the thermoelectric power and power factor.
Developing natural language interfaces through NALIGE (2002)

The paper discusses the development of natural language interfaces to interactive computer systems through the NALIGE user interface management system. Such an activity is reduced to producing a set of well-formed specifications which describe lexical, syntactic, semantic, and pragmatic aspects of the selected application domain. These specifications are converted by NALIGE to an autonomous natural language interface that exhibits the prescribed linguistic and functional behavior. The development of a natural language interface to Unix and its subsequent porting to MS-DOS, VAX/VMS, and VM/CMS is presented. Finally, the development of a natural language interface for Internet navigation and resource location is discussed.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Context-Aware Friend Recommendation for Location Based Social Networks using Random Walk (2016)

The location-based social networks (LBSN) facilitate users to check-in their current location and share it with other users. The accumulated check-in data can be employed for the benefit of users by providing personalized recommendations. In this paper, we propose a random walk based context-aware friend recommendation algorithm (RWCFR). RWCFR considers the current context (i.e. current social relations, personal preferences and current location) of the user to provide personalized recommendations. Our LBSN model is an undirected unweighted graph model that represents users, locations, and their relationships. We build a graph according to the current context of the user depending on this LBSN model. In order to rank the recommendation scores of the users for friend recommendation, a random walk with restart approach is employed. We compare RWCFR with popularity-based, friend-based and expert-based baseline approaches. According to the results, our friend recommendation algorithm outperforms these approaches in all the tests.
Operational multi-sensor tracking for air defense (2002)

This paper describes the multiple target multisensor tracking (MST) system that has been developed by CelsiusTech Systems AB for air defense purposes. The kinematic tracking principles are first treated. An interactive multiple model (IMM) filter, together with track oriented multiple hypothesis tracking (MHT) and automatic bias estimation schemes, result in a high overall tracking performance. An arbitrary mix of active and passive measurements can be handled, using advanced Bayesian initiation and deghosting techniques. Moving sensor platforms are allowed and tactical ballistic missile tracking capability is available. The MST system includes integrated functionality for noncooperative target type identification. Recursive and Bayesian techniques are used in order to estimate target type probabilities from a variety of information sources. These include electronic support measures (ESM), infrared search and track (IRST) sensors, direct type observations and the estimated kinematic behaviour of the track.
Identifying genomic signatures for predicting breast cancer outcomes (2008)

Predicting the risk for recurrence in breast cancer patients is a critical task in clinics. Recent developments in DNA microarrays have fostered tremendous advances in molecular diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer.;The first part of our study was based on a novel approach of considering the level of genomic instability as one of the most powerful predictors of clinical outcome. A systematic technique was presented to explore whether there is a linkage between the degree of genomic instability, gene expression patterns, and clinical outcomes by considering the following hypotheses; first, the degree of genomic instability is reflected by an aneuploidy-specific gene signature; second, this signature is robust and allows breast cancer prediction of clinical outcomes. The first hypothesis was tested by gene expression profiling of 48 breast tumors with varying degrees of genomic instability. A supervised machine learning approach of employing a combination of feature selection algorithms was used to identify a 12-gene genomic instability signature from a set of 7657 genes. The second hypothesis was tested by performing patient stratification on published breast cancer datasets using the genomic instability signature. The results concluded that patients with genomically stable breast carcinomas had considerably longer disease-free survival times compared to those with genomically unstable tumors. The gene signature generated significant patient stratification with distinct relapse-free and overall survival (log-rank tests; p < 0.05; n = 469). It was independent of clinical-pathological parameters and provided additional prognostic information within sub-groups defined by each of them.;The importance of selecting patients at high risk for recurrence for more aggressive therapy was realized in the second part of the study, considering the fact that breast cancer patients with advanced stages receive chemotherapy, but only half of them benefit from it. The FDA recently approved the first gene test for cancer; MammaPrint, for node-negative primary breast cancer. Oncotype DX is a commercially available gene test for tamoxifen-treated, node-negative, and estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer. These signatures are specific for early stage breast cancers. A population-based approach to the molecular prognosis of breast cancer is needed for more rational therapy for breast cancer patients. A 28-gene expression signature was identified in our previous study using a population-based approach. Using this signature, a patient-stratification scheme was developed by employing the nearest centroid classification algorithm. It generated a significant stratification with distinct relapse-free survival (log-rank tests; p < 0.05; n = 1337) and overall survival (log-rank tests; p < 0.05;
Concept for automatic reporting of Global Positioning System radio frequency interference (2002)

This paper describes a concept for detecting, geo-locating, and reporting intentional or unintentional GPS RFI in airborne applications. Airborne platforms could automatically report GPS receiver outages through existing aviation communication services, such as ARINC's GLOBALink, to inform operations centers of potential GPS interference. Timely and accurate information would provide controllers with the opportunity to redirect instrument traffic and initiate procedures to further investigate the interfering source. The paper includes an overview of the GPS interference problem, current data link capabilities, and a notional implementation of the concept.
Ontogeny of oestrogen receptor α in gonads and sex ducts of fetal and newborn mice (2000)

Abstract The distribution of nuclear oestrogen receptor α (ER-alpha) in the sex organs of fetal and newborn mice has been investigated immunohistochemically. There was no visible ER-alpha immunoreaction in the sexually undifferentiated gonads, whereas a faint immunoreaction was detected in a few cells surrounding the sex ducts, the Mullerian and Wolffian ducts. After sex differentiation, the immunoreaction of ER-alpha was observed in various cell types, with the exception of both the male and female germ cells. In the fetal ovary, immunoreaction was restricted to the surface epithelium and a few stroma cells without any preferential localization. In the testis, the number of ER-α-immunopositive cells, identified as Leydig and peritubular cells, increased with age. Immediately after sex differentiation, cells surrounding the sex ducts were ER-α-immunopositive, but no immunoreaction was detected in the epithelium in either sex. During development, the epithelium of the sex ducts attained a topographic difference in ER-alpha immunoreaction. In females, immunoreaction was detected in the epithelium of the oviduct, but not in the uterus. In males, the immunoreaction of ER-alpha was intense in the epithelium of the efferent ducts, weak in the epididymis and absent in the vas deferens. ER-alpha immunoreaction in the cells surrounding the sex duct differed between the sexes, being high in all these cells in females, but of varying intensity in males. ER-alpha may not play an important role in the development and function of ovarian cells, but may be involved in the development of Leydig and peritubular cells. Furthermore, substances that react with ER-alpha may influence the male germ cells indirectly through the ER-α-immunopositive peritubular cells. In addition, in both sexes, ER-α-immunopositive cells surrounding the sex ducts may be involved in the mediation of growth and functional differentiation of the ductal epithelium.
A volumetric three-dimensional digital light photoactivatable dye display (2017)

Volumetric three-dimensional displays offer spatially accurate representations of images with a 360° view, but have been difficult to implement due to complex fabrication requirements. Herein, a chemically enabled volumetric 3D digital light photoactivatable dye display (3D Light PAD) is reported. The operating principle relies on photoactivatable dyes that become reversibly fluorescent upon illumination with ultraviolet light. Proper tuning of kinetics and emission wavelengths enables the generation of a spatial pattern of fluorescent emission at the intersection of two structured light beams. A first-generation 3D Light PAD was fabricated using the photoactivatable dye N-phenyl spirolactam rhodamine B, a commercial picoprojector, an ultraviolet projector and a custom quartz imaging chamber. The system displays a minimum voxel size of 0.68 mm<sup>3</sup>, 200 μm resolution and good stability over repeated 'on-off' cycles. A range of high-resolution 3D images and animations can be projected, setting the foundation for widely accessible volumetric 3D displays.
The MAFT architecture for distributed fault tolerance (1988)

A description is given of the multicomputer architecture for fault tolerance (MAFT), a distributed system designed to provide extremely reliable computation in real-time control systems. MAFT is based on the physical and functional partitioning of executive functions from applications functions. The implementation of the executive functions in a special-purpose hardware processor allows the fault-tolerance functions to be transparent to the application programs and minimizes overhead. Byzantine agreement and approximate agreement algorithms are used for critical system parameters. MAFT supports the use of multiversion hardware and software to tolerate built-in or generic faults. Graceful degradation and restoration of the application workload is permitted in response to the exclusion and readmission of nodes, respectively.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>