gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Site‐directed chemotherapy with a drug bound to anti‐idiotypic antibody to a lymphoma cell‐surface IgM (1983)

Xenogeneic antibodies against the cell-surface IgM of a B-cell lymphoma (38C-13) were coupled through a dextran bridge to the anti-neoplastic drug, daunomycin. The conjugate maintained both its antibody and its drug activity. The effectiveness of the conjugate was tested in vivo in mice challenged with the 38C-13 lymphoma. Drug conjugates of the idiotypic antibodies injected intraperitoneally 2 days after tumor transplantation almost completely inhibited tumor development. The controls, daunomycin-dextran-goat anti-DNP, free daunomycin, or the antibodies alone had no effect or only delayed the tumor development.
Using magnetic particle imaging systems to localize and guide magnetic hyperthermia treatment: tracers, hardware, and future medical applications (2020)

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) treatment makes use of a suspension of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, administered systemically or locally, in combination with an externally applied alternating magnetic field, to ablate target tissue by generating heat through a process called induction. The heat generated above the mammalian euthermic temperature of 37°C induces apoptotic cell death and/or enhances the susceptibility of the target tissue to other therapies such as radiation and chemotherapy. While most hyperthermia techniques currently in development are targeted towards cancer treatment, hyperthermia is also used to treat restenosis, to remove plaques, to ablate nerves and to alleviate pain by increasing regional blood flow. While RF hyperthermia can be directed invasively towards the site of treatment, non-invasive localization of heat through induction is challenging. In this review, we discuss recent progress in the field of RF magnetic fluid hyperthermia and introduce a new diagnostic imaging modality called magnetic particle imaging that allows for a focused theranostic approach encompassing treatment planning, treatment monitoring and spatially localized inductive heating.
Analysis of Memory Hierarchies for Sequential Data Access (1979)

Analytic modeling techniques permit system designers to compare memory-system alternatives quickly and easily. An example is the use of buffers—or caches—on disks.
Prosthetic Outcome Measures for Use With Upper Limb Amputees: A Systematic Review of the Peer-Reviewed Literature, 1970 to 2009 (2009)

The overall goal was to perform a systematic literature search and structured review of the state of outcome measurement in the field of upper limb prosthetics and to propose future directions for research in this area. The review is based on systematic searches of Medline, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and RECAL electronic databases from 1970 to March 2009 and on subsequent review of the reference lists of the identified publications (citation tracking), as well as articles in the author's personal collection. Each article was independently reviewed by two readers. Publications were initially screened for relevance, and then fully reviewed to extract relevant data and review the methodological quality of the study. A quality rating form, based on guidelines provided by Terwee et al. (J Clin Epidemiol. 2006;60:34–42), was devised for evaluation of the clinimetric properties of the identified outcome measures. The search identified 660 peer-reviewed publications related to outcome measurement with upper limb amputees of which 25 met all of the author's inclusion criteria for full review. In the adult literature, seven outcome measures (4 amputees specific and 3 generic) were revealed. This compares with 25 measures identified in the lower limb adult amputee outcomes review by Condie et al. (J Prostht Orthot. 2006;18:13–45). In the pediatric review, nine distinct outcome measures (5 amputees specific and 4 generic) were found. Two of the pediatric measures also have younger child versions. There was overlap of one measure, the Assessment of Capacity for Myoelectric Control (ACMC), between adult and pediatric studies. The use of standardized outcome measures with adult upper limb amputees is sparse in the published studies with this clinical population, and upper limb prosthetic-specific measures are few in number. Attention needs to be paid to all aspects of measurement development and validation across the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health. The measures with greatest psychometric promise for use in upper limb prosthetics are the ACMC, the Upper Extremity Functional Status Module of the Orthotics and Prosthetics User Survey, the Disabilities of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire, and the Trinity Amputation and Prosthesis Experience Scales. Greater strides toward measure development and validation have been made with pediatric upper limb amputees. The emphasis that is currently needed is on the determination of the test-retest reliability and responsiveness of the most promising measures (ACMC, University of New Brunswick Test, the Assisting Hand Assessment, Prosthetic Upper Extremity Functional Index, and the ABILHAND-Kids) and discussion on how best to approach the measurement of participation and quality of life.
Concurrent solvent recondensation large sample volume splitless injection (2003)

Abstract Concurrent Solvent Recondensation Large Sample Volume (CRS‐LV) splitless injection overcomes the limitation of the maximum sample volume to 1–2 μL valid for classical splitless injection. It is based on control of the evaporation rate in the vaporizing chamber, utilization of a strong pressure increase in the injector resulting from solvent evaporation, and greatly accelerated transfer of the sample vapors from the injector into the inlet of an uncoated precolumn by recondensation of the solvent. The sample vapors are transferred into the column as rapidly as they are formed in the injector (concurrent transfer). 20–50 μL of liquid sample is injected with liquid band formation. The sample liquid is received by a small packing of deactivated glass wool positioned slightly above the column entrance at the bottom of the vaporizing chamber. Solvent evaporation strongly increases the pressure in the injector (auto pressure surge), provided the septum purge outlet is closed and the accessible volumes around the vaporizing chamber are small, driving the first vapors into the precolumn. Transfer continues to be fast because of recondensation of the solvent, obtained by keeping the oven temperature below the pressure‐corrected solvent boiling point. The uncoated precolumn must have sufficient capacity to retain most of the sample as a liquid. The experimental data show virtually complete absence of discrimination of volatile or high boiling components as well as high reproducibility.
On the representation of CPM signals by linear superposition of impulses in the bandpass domain (1992)

A novel signal generation concept for continuous phase modulations (CPMs) with modulation index 1/2 based on real impulses is presented. With this concept, bandpass CPM signals can be generated directly in one step instead of the two consecutive steps, namely, the generation of the complex envelope and the modulation of the carrier by the complex envelope, which are necessary in conventional signal generators. Mathematical expressions for both the real impulses and the bandpass CPM signals are derived and a simple modulator structure is discussed. Examples for the real impulses are given. Among these are the well-known CPM schemes of minimum shift keying (MSK), sinusoidal frequency shift keying (SFSK), and Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK). As an example, the validity of the novel signal generation concept is shown for the latter CPM scheme.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improved algorithms for motion detection and tracking (2006)

Motion detection and tracking are both fundamental steps in video surveillance. This paper describes two improved algorithms for motion detection and tracking, respectively. Firstly, the shadow and ghost detection processing is fused with updating the background subtraction model, after the frame is transformed to HSV color space from RGB color space in order to reduce the effect of illumination changes, shadows, and ghosts. And the result of detection is used as initialization for tracking. Secondly, the gradient field is combined with region information to locate the boundary of the object accurately, instead of the traditional level-set method, which only utilizes the gradient field to propagate a front. Experimental results show that the algorithms decrease the computational complexity and provide accurate location of the object boundary.
Toll‐like receptor expression in murine DC subsets: lack of TLR7 expression by CD8α<sup>+</sup> DC correlates with unresponsiveness to imidazoquinolines (2003)

Toll-like receptors (TLR) recognize microbial and viral patterns and activate dendritic cells (DC). TLR distribution among human DC subsets is heterogeneous: plasmacytoid DC (PDC) express TLR1, 7 and 9, while other DC types do not express TLR9 but express other TLR. Here, we report that mRNA for most TLR is expressed at similar levels by murine splenic DC sub-types, including PDC, but that TLR3 is preferentially expressed by CD8 alpha(+) DC while TLR5 and TLR7 are selectively absent from the same subset. Consistent with the latter, TLR7 ligand activates CD8 alpha(-) DC and PDC, but not CD8 alpha(+) DC as measured by survival ex vivo, up-regulation of surface markers and production of IL-12p40. These data suggest that the dichotomy in TLR expression between plasmacytoid and non-plasmacytoid DC is not conserved between species. However, lack of TLR7 expression could restrict the involvement of CD8 alpha(+) DC in recognition of certain mouse pathogens.
Lysosomal proteinases as putative diagnostic tools in human neuropathology: Alzheimer disease (AD) and schizophrenia. (1992)

The cathepsin B, D and L were studied by immunohistochemical techniques in the human postmortem brain. The enzyme were primarily localized in neurons. Makroglial cells were seldom immunostained. It is shown that cathepsins B and D frequently occur in neuritic plaques of Alzheimer victims, thereby raising the question, whether or not cathepsin immunohistochemistry is a useful tool in the diagnosis of this disease. Furthermore, we identified certain glial cells to be immunoreactive for cathepsins in schizophrenics.
Synthesis and Optical Properties of Lead-Free Methylamine Bismuth Halide Perovskite Quantum dots (2016)

Through the co-LARP method, lead-free MA3Bi2Br9 perovskite quantum dots is successfully fabricated, reaching a PLQY up to 12%. The emission peak of bismuth-based quantum dots is characterized to be at 430 nm, FWHM of the PL spectra was ~ 62 nm, large stokes shift (~54 nm) made the bismuth-based quantum dots to be a great candidate for fluorescent tagging applications.
Cylindrotaenia Americana Nov. Spec. from the Cricket Frog (1916)

In the fall of 1914, while looking for parasites, I found a cestode in the intestine of a cricket frog, Acris gryllis.Further collections were made and the repeated occurrence of the tapeworm showed that it was not merely incidental but a regular parasite in the host mentioned.This discovery was particularly interesting because of the rarity of cestodes, either species or individuals, in amphibians.So far as I have been able to ascertain, only five cestodes have yet been described from amphibians, and of these only two, Taenia dispar Goeze (1782), and Taenia pulchella Leidy (1851), are from Anura.No cestodes have ever been reported from a member of the genus Acris.For these reasons it was considered worth while to make a
Toll-like receptors 4 contribute to endothelial injury and inflammation in hemorrhagic shock in mice (2009)

TLR4 contributes to mesenteric endothelial dysfunction after hemorrhagic shock. This early TLR4-induced vascular injury may be an important trigger of the systemic inflammatory response occurring in this disease.
Multipath in the middle(box) (2013)

Multipath TCP (MPTCP) is a major modification to TCP that enables a single transport connection to use multiple paths. Smartphones can benefit from MPTCP by using both WiFi and 3G/4G interfaces for their data-traffic, potentially improving the performance and allowing mobility through vertical handover. However, MPTCP requires a modification of the end hosts, thus suffers from the chicken-and-egg deployment problem. A global deployment of MPTCP is therefore expected to take years. To increase the incentives for clients and servers to upgrade their system, we propose MiMBox an efficient protocol converter that can translate MPTCP into TCP and vice versa to provide multipath benefits to early adopters of MPTCP.
Syntheses of maltol and ethylmaltol. (1983)

Maltol (4), which is known to exist in several plants, e.g., larch bark, and in food materials, e.g., roasted coffee, cacao, grains and crust of bread, and which is useful as a flavor enhancer in the food industry, has been synthesized by various methods. Recently, two syntheses of 4 from 1-(2-furyl) ethanol (1) have appeared,1 ~3) one of which was carried out by the treatment of an aqueous methanol solution of 1 with two equivalents of gaseous chlorine, followed by hydrolysis and rearrangement via 2 and 3 as outlined in Scheme.3) Wenowreport that the conversion of 1 to 4 can be * The complicated XHNMRspectrum of 5 reported by Weeks et al.,3) which was not exactly identical with ours, suggested that their product was a mixture of isomers.
Role of Premature Stop Codons in Bacterial Evolution (2008)

When the stop codons TGA, TAA, and TAG are found in the second and third reading frames of a protein-encoding gene, they are considered premature stop codons (PSC). Deinococcus radiodurans disproportionately favored TGA more than the other two triplets as a PSC. The TGA triplet was also found more often in noncoding regions and as a stop codon, though the bias was less pronounced. We investigated this phenomenon in 72 bacterial species with widely differing chromosomal GC contents. Although TGA and TAG were compositionally similar, we found a great variation in use of TGA but a very limited range of use of TAG. The frequency of use of TGA in the gene sequences generally increased with the GC content of the chromosome, while the frequency of use of TAG, like that of TAA, was inversely proportional to the GC content of the chromosome. The patterns of use of TAA, TGA and TAG as real stop codons were less biased and less influenced by the GC content of the chromosome. Bacteria with higher chromosomal GC contents often contained fewer PSC trimers in their genes. Phylogenetically related bacteria often exhibited similar PSC ratios. In addition, metabolically versatile bacteria have significantly fewer PSC trimers in their genes. The bias toward TGA but against TAG as a PSC could not be explained either by the preferential usage of specific codons or by the GC contents of individual chromosomes. We proposed that the quantity and the quality of the PSC in the genome might be important in bacterial evolution.
Phosphorylation of neuronal Lysine‐Specific Demethylase 1LSD1/KDM1A impairs transcriptional repression by regulating interaction with CoREST and histone deacetylases HDAC1/2 (2013)

Epigenetic mechanisms play important roles in brain development, orchestrating proliferation, differentiation, and morphogenesis. Lysine-Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1 also known as KDM1A and AOF2) is a histone modifier involved in transcriptional repression, forming a stable core complex with the corepressors corepressor of REST (CoREST) and histone deacetylases (HDAC1/2). Importantly, in the mammalian CNS, neuronal LSD1-8a, an alternative splicing isoform of LSD1 including the mini-exon E8a, sets alongside LSD1 and is capable of enhancing neurite growth and morphogenesis. Here, we describe that the morphogenic properties of neuronal LSD1-8a require switching off repressive activity and this negative modulation is mediated in vivo by phosphorylation of the Thr369b residue coded by exon E8a. Three-dimensional crystal structure analysis using a phospho-mimetic mutant (Thr369bAsp), indicate that phosphorylation affects the residues surrounding the exon E8a-coded amino acids, causing a local conformational change. We suggest that phosphorylation, without affecting demethylase activity, causes in neurons CoREST and HDAC1/2 corepressors detachment from LSD1-8a and impairs neuronal LSD1-8a repressive activity. In neurons, Thr369b phosphorylation is required for morphogenic activity, converting neuronal LSD1-8a in a dominant-negative isoform, challenging LSD1-mediated transcriptional repression on target genes.
ZnMgSeTe light emitting diodes (1994)

The MBE growth of light emitting diodes based on junctions between n-ZnMgSe and p-ZnMgSeTe is reported. For optimized compositions of the n- and p-layer, doping levels as high as n=p=2×1018 cm−3 were obtained. The p contacts of these diodes are ohmic, and the voltage needed to achieve a given current density is comparable to that of the best ZnSe based p-n junctions reported in the literature. The diodes show green electroluminescence up to room temperature.
Real-Time Diminished Reality for Dynamic Scenes (2015)

Diminished reality (DR) research aims to develop methods to visually hide objects from real scenes. One or more cameras capture a scene where some objects, called the occluding objects, are `diminished' by an DR system. To do this in real time we need to use multiple cameras. We introduce a novel multi-camera DR system utilizing an RGB-D camera to hide arbitrary trackable objects from a scene. In our case, the scene background does not have to be planar for the system to work and we can handle scene changes in real time. Additonally, we introduce color correction technique to merge image content originating from different cameras and also demonstrate method to repair images with partially missing content.
Establishment of a new Hodgkin's cell line (HD-70) of B-cell origin (1992)

A new Hodgkin's cell line, designated HD-70, was established from the peripheral blood of a 69-year-old man with Hodgkin's disease of nodular sclerosing type. The cell line grows in a single cell suspension and has a doubling time of 28 hours. The cells have a round or irregular nucleus or multiple nuclei in relatively abundant cytoplasm that is positive for acid phosphatase, alpha-naphthyl butyrate esterase, and periodic acid-Schiff stains. HD-70 cells are positive for CD30 (Ki-1/Ber-H2), CD15 (Leu-M1), and CD71 (OKT9) antigens and contain cytoplasmic immunoglobulin (Ig) (A, kappa). Southern blot analysis showed that the cells have Ig heavy and kappa light chain gene rearrangement and lack T-cell receptor gene rearrangement. Chromosome analysis disclosed that the cells have a human karyotype with complicated abnormalities, including a 14q+. Heterotransplantation of the HD-70 cell line into newborn hamsters treated with antilymphocyte serum produced massive tumors with remarkable fibrosis and collagen band formation. These tumors displayed histologic features similar to those of the nodular sclerosing type tumor of the patient. Such fibrosis production and collagen band formation in heterotransplanted tumors suggest that a certain cytokine that induces fibrosis might be produced by HD-70 cells. This cell line may be useful for understanding the biology and pathogenesis of Hodgkin's disease.
Systems-level analysis of microbial community organization through combinatorial labeling and spectral imaging (2011)

Microbes in nature frequently function as members of complex multitaxon communities, but the structural organization of these communities at the micrometer level is poorly understood because of limitations in labeling and imaging technology. We report here a combinatorial labeling strategy coupled with spectral image acquisition and analysis that greatly expands the number of fluorescent signatures distinguishable in a single image. As an imaging proof of principle, we first demonstrated visualization of Escherichia coli labeled by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with 28 different binary combinations of eight fluorophores. As a biological proof of principle, we then applied this Combinatorial Labeling and Spectral Imaging FISH (CLASI-FISH) strategy using genus- and family-specific probes to visualize simultaneously and differentiate 15 different phylotypes in an artificial mixture of laboratory-grown microbes. We then illustrated the utility of our method for the structural analysis of a natural microbial community, namely, human dental plaque, a microbial biofilm. We demonstrate that 15 taxa in the plaque community can be imaged simultaneously and analyzed and that this community was dominated by early colonizers, including species of Streptococcus, Prevotella, Actinomyces, and Veillonella. Proximity analysis was used to determine the frequency of inter- and intrataxon cell-to-cell associations which revealed statistically significant intertaxon pairings. Cells of the genera Prevotella and Actinomyces showed the most interspecies associations, suggesting a central role for these genera in establishing and maintaining biofilm complexity. The results provide an initial systems-level structural analysis of biofilm organization.
Stilbene–Chalcone Hybrids: Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation as a New Class of Antimalarial Scaffolds That Trigger Cell Death through Stage Specific Apoptosis (2011)

Novel stilbene-chalcone (S-C) hybrids were synthesized via a sequential Claisen-Schmidt-Knoevenagel-Heck approach and evaluated for antiplasmodial activity in in vitro red cell culture using SYBR Green I assay. The most potent hybrid (11) showed IC(50) of 2.2, 1.4, and 6.4 μM against 3D7 (chloroquine sensitive), Indo, and Dd2 (chloroquine resistant) strains of Plasmodium falciparum, respectively. Interestingly, the respective individual stilbene (IC(50) > 100 μM), chalcone (IC(50) = 11.5 μM), or an equimolar mixture of stilbene and chalcone (IC(50) = 32.5 μM) were less potent than 11. Studies done using specific stage enriched cultures and parasite in continuous culture indicate that 11 and 18 spare the schizont but block the progression of the parasite life cycle at the ring or the trophozoite stages. Further, 11 and 18 caused chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential in Plasmodium falciparum, thereby suggesting their ability to cause apoptosis in malaria parasite.
High-Temperature Hydrocarbon Sensors Based on a Stabilized Zirconia Electrolyte and Metal Oxide Electrodes (1999)

The sensing properties of zirconia‐based electrochemical cells with various metal oxide electrodes for hydrocarbons (primarily propene), hydrogen, and carbon monoxide were studied in the presence of 10% oxygen at . The addition of manganese oxide to an indium oxide electrode significantly improved the selectivity of the parent electrode to propene over hydrogen and carbon monoxide. This addition effect was based on the promotion of nonelectrochemical oxidations of hydrogen and carbon monoxide in preference to that of propene. The sensor using the electrode was more reproducible and sensitive to the hydrocarbons than using a gold electrode. ©1999 The Electrochemical Society
Cell surface hydrophobicity of dental plaque microorganisms in situ (1983)

The cell surface hydrophobicity of bacteria obtained directly from human tooth surfaces was assayed by measuring their adherence to liquid hydrocarbons. Fresh samples of supragingival dental plaque were washed and dispersed in buffer. Adherence of the plaque microorganisms to hexadecane, octane, and xylene was tested turbidimetrically and by direct microscopic observation. The results clearly show that the vast majority of bacteria comprising dental plaque exhibit pronounced cell surface hydrophobicity. These data support the hypothesis that hydrophobic interactions play a major role in mediating bacterial adherence on tooth surfaces.