gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Role of VEGF and tissue hypoxia in patterning of neural and vascular cells recruited to the embryonic heart (2009)

We hypothesized that oxygen gradients and hypoxia-responsive signaling may play a role in the patterning of neural or vascular cells recruited to the developing heart. Endothelial progenitor and neural cells are recruited to and form branched structures adjacent to the relatively hypoxic outflow tract (OFT) myocardium from stages 27-32 (ED6.5-7.5) of chick development. As determined by whole mount confocal microscopy, the neural and vascular structures were not anatomically associated. Adenoviral delivery of a VEGF trap dramatically affected the remodeling of the vascular plexus into a coronary tree while neuronal branching was normal. Both neuronal and vascular branching was diminished in the hearts of embryos incubated under hyperoxic conditions. Quantitative analysis of the vascular defects using our recently developed VESGEN program demonstrated reduced small vessel branching and increased vessel diameters. We propose that vascular and neural patterning in the developing heart share dependence on tissue oxygen gradients but are not interdependent.
Mutasynthesis of Rapamycin Analogues through the Manipulation of a Gene Governing Starter Unit Biosynthesis (2005)

Eine überraschende Beobachtung: Das Genprodukt RapK ist für die Erzeugung der Startereinheit im Rapamycin-Polyketidcluster erforderlich. Entsprechend bietet eine Deletionsmutante (Streptomyces hygroscopicus MG2–10) einen sauberen Hintergrund für die Mutasynthese von Prärapamycin (siehe Struktur dieser Rapamycinvorstufe), wenn sie mit neuartigen Startereinheiten gefüttert wird.
Transcriptional organization and regulation of the <i>Escherichia coli</i> K30 group 1 capsule biosynthesis (<i>cps</i>) gene cluster (2003)

Escherichia coli group 1 capsules are important virulence determinants, yet little is known about the transcriptional organization or regulation of their biosynthetic (cps) operons. Transcription of the prototype serotype K30 cluster is modulated by the JUMPStart-RfaH antitermination mechanism, with the cps promoter being localized to a region immediately upstream of the JUMPStart sequence. A putative stem-loop structure located within the K30 cps cluster separates conserved genes with products that are required for surface expression of capsule from serotype-specific genes encoding enzymes for polymer repeat-unit synthesis and polymerization. This putative stem-loop structure significantly reduces transcription in a termination-probe vector and may contribute to differential expression of the cps genes. Previous work indicated that increased amounts of group 1 capsular polysaccharide synthesis resulted from the overexpression of the Rcs (regulator of capsule synthesis) proteins. However, neither overexpression of the transcriptional activator RcsB nor an rcsB::aadA chromosomal insertion altered the level of transcription measured by cps::lacZ fusions. In the group 1 strains examined, an RcsAB box was found immediately upstream of galF, a gene involved in the production of sugar nucleotide precursors. Overexpression of RcsB was found to result in a threefold increase in transcription of a galF::lacZ chromosomal fusion. Moreover, overexpression of GalF gave rise to a two- to threefold increase in cell-free as well as cell-associated capsule, without affecting cps::lacZ activity. These results indicate that transcription of the E. coli group 1 capsule cluster itself is not regulated by the Rcs system and may, in fact, be constitutive. However, the Rcs system can potentially influence levels of capsular polysaccharide production by increasing galF transcription and influencing the available pool of biosynthetic precursors.
IMPAIRED GROWTH HORMONE RESPONSE TO GROWTH HORMONE RELEASING FACTOR AND INSULIN‐HYPOGLYCAEMIA IN OBESITY (1985)

We have previously reported an impaired growth hormone (GH) response and abnormal prolactin release to insulin-hypoglycaemia in obesity. We suggested that obese women with an absent prolactin response to hypoglycaemia ('non-responders') have a disorder of hypothalamic function. We have now investigated the GH response to i.v. growth hormone releasing factor, GHRF (1-29)NH2, in 14 obese women and nine age-matched normal-weight women. We found a significantly reduced GH response to GHRF in the obese women as compared with controls (mean peak +/- SEM: obese 8.9 +/- 2 mu/l, controls 28 +/- 2 mu/l; P less than 0.01). When the obese women were divided on the basis of their prolactin response to insulin-hypoglycaemia (seven 'non-responders', mean weight 102 +/- 5 kg; seven responders, mean weight 108 +/- 8 kg) a similar GH response to GHRF was found between the two groups but the GH response to hypoglycaemia was significantly less in the 'non-responder' women (mean peak 'non-responders' 10.5 +/- 3 mu/l, responders 27 +/- 4 mu/l; P less than 0.05). We conclude that obesity may be characterized by an impaired GH response to both i.v. GHRF and insulin-hypoglycaemia, which suggests altered hypothalamic-pituitary function. The finding that the GH response to hypoglycaemia is significantly less in the obese prolactin 'non-responder' women supports the hypothesis for a hypothalamic disorder.
Juno Microwave Radiometer patch array antennas (2009)

The requirements, design, and performance of the Juno Microwave Radiometer patch array antennas were discussed. The antennas meet both the electrical performance and environmental requirements. There is generally good agreement between measurements and calculations.
An Integrated Ka-Band Diplexer-Antenna Array Module Based on Gap Waveguide Technology With Simple Mechanical Assembly and No Electrical Contact Requirements (2017)

This paper presents the integration of a diplexer with a corporate feed network of a high gain slot array antenna at the Ka-band. A hybrid diplexer-splitter with a novel architecture is proposed to have compatibility for its direct integration with the feed network of the array antenna. A seventh-order hybrid diplexer-splitter is successfully integrated into a corporate feed network of a 16×16 slot array antenna. The proposed integrated diplexer-antenna module consists of three distinct metal layers without the need of electrical contacts between the different layers based on the recently introduced gap waveguide technology. The designed module has two channels of 650-MHz bandwidths each with center frequencies 28.21 and 29.21 GHz. The fabricated prototype provides good radiation and input impedance characteristics. The measured input reflection coefficients for both Tx/Rx ports are better than -13 dB with the measured antenna efficiency better than 60% in the designed passband, which includes the losses in the diplexer.
Otitis media: Focus on antimicrobial resistance and new treatment options (1998)

Antimicrobial resistance among organisms that cause acute otitis media (AOM) and new approaches in the prevention and treatment of AOM are discussed. Organisms commonly responsible for causing AOM include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis. The evolution of pneumococcal resistance to penicillins, erythromycin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and oral cephalosporins may require treatment with agents such as vancomycin or rifampin in certain patients. H. influenzae and M. catarrhalis are becoming increasingly resistant to penicillins, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, oral cephalosporins, and macrolides. Mechanisms of resistance include changes in penicillin-binding proteins, production of beta-lactamase, alterations in target enzymes, and inhibition of drug access to the site of action. Because of changing resistance patterns and the limited spectra of activity of many currently available antimicrobials, new antimicrobials have been developed in the hope of improving therapy. While amoxicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole are appropriate first-line agents, children at risk for resistant infections may be treated initially with cefuroxime axetil, cefpodoxime proxetil, cefprozil, or amoxicillin-clavulanate. After local resistance patterns, patient adherence to therapy, in vitro data, and cost factors have been weighed, other agents to consider include loracarbef, clarithromycin, azithromycin, and ceftriaxone. Along with the efforts to improve treatment, research is focusing on the prevention of otitis media with bacterial and viral vaccines. The emergence of resistant strains of organisms causing AOM has complicated its treatment.
Tumorigenic transformation of murine keratinocytes by the E5 genes of bovine papillomavirus type 1 and human papillomavirus type 16 (1991)

To examine the biological properties of the bovine papillomavirus type 1 (BPV) and human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV16) E5 genes, each was cloned separately into a retroviral expression vector and helper-free recombinant viruses were generated in packaging cell lines. The BPV E5 retroviruses efficiently caused morphologic and tumorigenic transformation of cultured lines of murine fibroblasts, whereas the HPV16 E5 viruses were inactive in these assays. In contrast, infection of the p117 established line of murine epidermal keratinocytes with either the BPV or the HPV16 E5 retrovirus resulted in the generation of tumorigenic cells. Pam212 murine keratinocytes were also transformed to tumorigenicity by the HPV16 E5 gene but not by the gene carrying a frameshift mutation. These results establish that the HPV16 E5 gene is a transforming gene in cells related to its normal host epithelial cells.
<title>Low-cost manufacturing techniques for passive-integrated optical devices</title> (1996)

A manufacturing process was developed to reduce the cost of integrated optical components. The process uses a molding operation to form the optical waveguide pattern and dye diffusion process to form the high index region. Waveguide patterns with 5 micrometer lines have been formed in highly transparent thermoplastics.
Noble gases in conventional and unconventional petroleum systems (2017)

Abstract Petroleum systems represent complex multiphase subsurface environments. The properties of the noble gases as conservative physical tracers allow them to be used to gain insight into the physical behaviour occurring within hydrocarbon systems. This can be used to better understand the mechanisms of hydrocarbon migration, residence time of fluids, and measurement of the scale of the subsurface fluid system involved in the transport and trapping of the hydrocarbon phase. The noble gases in the subsurface derive from different sources with distinct isotopic compositions, allowing them to be resolved in any crustal fluid. We discuss the processes within petroleum systems that incorporate the noble gases from each of these sources into hydrocarbon accumulations. The dominant mechanism controlling the introduction of air-derived noble gases into petroleum systems is via subsurface groundwater, and this records key information about the interaction of the petroleum system with the hydrogeological regime. Radiogenic noble gases accumulate over time, recording information about the age and relative timing of processes within the petroleum system. We review the conceptual framework and quantitative models describing these processes using examples from previous studies, and discuss both their current limitations and the potential for their application to unconventional hydrocarbon systems.
Identifying Task Boundaries in Digital Assistants (2018)

Digital assistants are emerging to become more prevalent in our daily lives. In interacting with these assistants, users may engage in multiple tasks within a short period of time. Identifying task boundaries and isolating them within a session is critical for measuring the performance of the system on each individual task. In this paper we aim to automatically identify sequences of interactions that together form a task. To this end, we sample interactions from a real world digital assistant and use crowd judges to segment a session into multiple tasks. After that, we use a machine learned model to identify task boundaries. Our learned model with its features significantly outperform the baselines. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first work that aims to identify tasks within digital assistant sessions.
SORLA attenuates EphA4 signaling and amyloid β–induced neurodegeneration (2017)

Sortilin-related receptor with LDLR class A repeats (SORLA, SORL1, or LR11) is a genetic risk factor associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Although SORLA is known to regulate trafficking of the amyloid β (Aβ) precursor protein to decrease levels of proteotoxic Aβ oligomers, whether SORLA can counteract synaptic dysfunction induced by Aβ oligomers remains unclear. Here, we show that SORLA interacts with the EphA4 receptor tyrosine kinase and attenuates ephrinA1 ligand-induced EphA4 clustering and activation to limit downstream effects of EphA4 signaling in neurons. Consistent with these findings, SORLA transgenic mice, compared with WT mice, exhibit decreased EphA4 activation and redistribution to postsynaptic densities, with milder deficits in long-term potentiation and memory induced by Aβ oligomers. Importantly, we detected elevated levels of active EphA4 in human AD brains, where EphA4 activation is inversely correlated with SORLA/EphA4 association. These results demonstrate a novel role for SORLA as a physiological and pathological EphA4 modulator, which attenuates synaptotoxic EphA4 activation and cognitive impairment associated with Aβ-induced neurodegeneration in AD.
Data-on-Network vs. Data-on-Tag: Managing Data in Complex RFID Environments (2007)

Initial RFID projects have shown that we need to pay utmost attention to data management. This is due to the enormous data volume that is created by frequent data acquisition processes and increased data granularity. In this paper we focus on the data-on-network approach - which is preferred by EPCglobal - and the data-on-tag approach - which has been neglected by literature. We compare these data management concepts and discuss their possible fields of application. We argue that these methods are not antithetic but complementary, and show how they can be included in an integrated approach
Polyacetylene crystal transformations during thermal isomerization (1985)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolyacetylene crystal transformations during thermal isomerizationL. Charles Dickinson, Jacob A. Hirsch, Frank E. Karasz, and James C. W. ChienCite this: Macromolecules 1985, 18, 12, 2374–2379Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1985Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1985https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00154a007https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00154a007research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views63Altmetric-Citations3LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Investigations on the theory of the photographic process (1907)

"Reprinted, in part, from the publications of the Royal Society, the Chemical Society, and the Royal Photographic Society." cf. Pref
Incorporation of Alkaline Phosphatase into Layer-by-Layer Polyelectrolyte Films on the Surface of Affi-Gel Heparin Beads: Physicochemical Characterization and Evaluation of the Enzyme Stability (2003)

The preparation of functionalized beads in the micrometer size range that can be used to probe the action of immobilized biomolecules on cell cultures during controlled periods of time is of fundamental importance in cell biology. However, the preparation and characterization of such particles is tedious because of their fast sedimentation. It is hence difficult to prepare such beads in a reproducible manner. This highlights the need to prepare an important batch of functionnalized particles and to store them under conditions where the loss of biological activity is minimized. The aim of this paper was to immobilize alkaline phosphatase (AP) as a model enzyme on the surface of Affi-gel heparin beads functionnalized by means of a layer-by-layer (LBL) film made of poly-l-glutamic (PGA) acid and poly-l-lysine (PLL). The enzyme has been adsorbed either on the top of the LBL film or embedded under five polyelectrolyte layers. When embedded, the enzyme was not released in buffer and retained more than 30% of its initial activity after 3 months of storage at 4 °C. However, when the enzyme was adsorbed on top of the LBL film, about 80% of the adsorbed enzyme was released in the buffer after a few days of storage. Longer storage did not lead to any further desorption and the remaining enzyme displayed the same evolution of its activity with time as the embedded enzyme. The time evolution of the enzyme activity on the beads is compared with that in solution alone and in the presence of PGA and PLL separately.
Human Intraosseous Healing Responses to the Placement of Tricalcium Phosphate Ceramic Implants (1987)

Five intrabony lesions in a 40-year-old healthy, white female patient suffering with severe periodontitis were removed en bloc, 13 to 18 months after flap debridement and graft placement. At the time of debridement, the position of the gingival margin and the most apically located calculus were notched in the root to serve as reference points. All lesions received tricalcium phosphate ceramic implants, and the lesions healed uneventfully. The sites were professionally cleaned frequently during the experimental period. At the time of block removal, clinical measurements demonstrated gingival recession (average = 2.6 mm) and a gain in clinical closure (average = 2.3 mm). Histologic evaluation of step serial sections of these blocks showed limited presence of graft particles. The particles were surrounded by dense connective tissue. They did not induce inflammation, nor did they appear to enhance osteogenesis or cementogenesis. Closure of lesions was essentially done by a long junctional epithelium adhesion and limited evidence of new connective tissue--root attachment. In the 18-month specimen, active root resorption was seen immediately apical to the junctional epithelium at a site demonstrating significant inflammation in some sections. Fibrils apparently arising from the resorbing dentinal wall were seen in these sections. Serial sections of this site showed cellular cementum and functional fiber attachment at the resorption sites. These variations in resorption/repair/regeneration within the same surgical site were seen 18 months postsurgery and thus may reflect local tissue responses to inflammatory fluctuations rather than surgical sequellae.
Definition of individual components within the cytoskeleton of <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> by a library of monoclonal antibodies (1989)

The detergent-insoluble T. brucei cytoskeleton consists of several morphologically distinct regions and organelles, many of which are detectable only by electron microscopy. We have produced a set of monoclonal antibodies that define each structural component of this highly ordered cytoskeleton. The monoclonal antibodies were selected by cloning of hybridomas produced from mice injected with complex mixtures of proteins of either the cytoskeleton itself or salt extracts thereof. Four antibodies define particular tubulin isotypes and locate the microtubules of the axoneme and sub-pellicular array; two antibodies recognize the flagellum attachment zone; one recognizes the paraflagellar rod and another the basal bodies. Finally, one antibody defines a detergent-insoluble component of the nucleus. The antigens detected by each monoclonal antibody have been analysed by immunofluorescence microscopy, immunogold electron microscopy and Western blotting.
Reduction of FFT circuit area for OFDM demodulator based on skipping-point representation (2004)

In order to reduce FFT circuit area in OFDM demodulator for terrestrial digital broadcasting system in Japan, we propose an approach to reduce bit width for operations without performance degradation of the demodulator. The most important point is employing 11-bit skipping-point representation for internal operation in FFT instead of 14-bit fixed-point representation. The assignment of bit-fields that minimizes BER (Bit Error Rate) has been chosen for the 11-bit skipping-point representation: 10 bit for significand, and 1 bit for radix-16 exponent. By reducing the bit width for internal operation from 14 to 11, we can reduce the circuit area by 17.6 % with the complex multipliers, and by 21.4 % with the RAMs used in FFT. In total, the area of the whole FFT circuit has been reduced by 18 %. This result shows the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Potentiometric titration curves of oxidized and reduced horse heart cytochrome c (1980)

Abstract Potentiometric titration curves of oxidized and reduced horse heart cytochrome c in 0.15 M KCl at 20°C have been obtained by timed titration (0.125–0.500 μmol/sec) from the isoionic points (pH 10.2–10.4) to pH 3 and back to the isoionic point. Computer‐assisted (PROPHET) data acquisition and blank corrections give curves with good precision with a maximum standard deviation of 0.3 groups for an average error of 1%. The potentiometric titration curve of reduced cytochrome c is reversible within the precision of the method and for the pH range studied. The potentiometric curves for oxidized cytochrome c titrated upscale (pH 3–10) and downscale (pH 10–3) are not reversible. However, they show the same ionization behavior after the initial downscale titration. This is probably the result of a conformational change. Comparison of the data herein reported with the titration curves of oxidized cytochrome c already published by others indicates good agreement on the basis of a normalization of the concentration of protein or on the basis of 25 titrable groups between the acid end point and the isoionic pH. Titration of the 2 μmol imidazole in the upscale or downscale direction gives the correct analytical concentration and p K ′ after correction for the solvent titration. Titration of reduced cytochrome c in the presence and absence of an additional equivalent of imidazole gave a difference titration curve, which indicates that a group on the protein shifts from p K ′ 5.8 to p K ′ 5.3 in the presence of imidazole. The p K ′ of imidazole, in the presence of the protein, remains at a nearly normal value of 7.34.
Review of Tropospheric Bomb <sup>14</sup>C Data for Carbon Cycle Modeling and Age Calibration Purposes (2004)

Comprehensive published radiocarbon data from selected atmospheric records, tree rings, and recent organic matter were analyzed and grouped into 4 different zones (three for the Northern Hemisphere and one for the whole Southern Hemisphere). These 14 C data for the summer season of each hemisphere were employed to construct zonal, hemispheric, and global data sets for use in regional and global carbon model calculations including calibrating and comparing carbon cycle models. In addition, extended monthly atmospheric 14 C data sets for 4 different zones were compiled for age calibration purposes. This is the first time these data sets were constructed to facilitate the dating of recent organic material using the bomb 14 C curves. The distribution of bomb 14 C reflects the major zones of atmospheric circulation.