gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
An Empirical Study of Machine Learning Algorithms Applied to Modeling Player Behavior in a "First Person Shooter" Video Game (2002)

Abstract. Modern video games present many challenging applications for artificial intelligence. Agents must not only appear intelligent but must also be fun to play against. In the video game genre of the first person shooter an agent must mimic all the behaviors of a human soldier in a combat situation. The standard opponent in a “first person shooter ” uses a finite-state machine and a series of hand coded rules. Drawbacks of this system include a high level of predictability of opponents and a large amount of work manually programming each rule. Modern advances in machine learning have enabled agents to accurately learn rules from a set of examples. By sampling data from an expert player we use these machine learning algorithms in a first person shooter. With this system in place, the programmer has less work when hand coding the combat rules and the learned behaviors are often more unpredictable and life-like than any hardwired finite state machine. This thesis explores several popular machine learning algorithms and shows how these algorithms can be applied to the game. The empirical study includes decision trees, Naïve Bayes classifiers, neural networks, and neural networks trained using boosting and bagging methods. We show that a subset of AI behaviors can be learned by player modeling using machine learning techniques. Under this system we have successfully been able to learn the combat behaviors of an expert player and apply them to an agent in a modified version of the video game Soldier of Fortune 2. The following tasks were learned: speed of acceleration, direction of movement, direction of facing, and jumping. We evaluate both empirically and aesthetically which learner performed the best and make recommendations for the future. We also have created a system which uses these learned behaviors in a finite-state system within the game at real time. I.
Some Functional Properties of Succinylated Proteins from Fish Protein Concentrate (1975)

Fish protein concentrate (FPC) prepared from hake extracted with hot isopropanol was partially solubilized by succinylation with succinic anhydride followed by heating at pH 9 for 30 min. The yield was 73% of the FPC, and the degree of succinylation of this protein isolate was 90%. FPC was also extracted at a high pH of 11.5; the yield was approximately 50%. Racemization was not detected in either the succinylated protein or the protein extracted at high pH. Pancreatin digestion of protein isolates resulted in release of 4.1 and 41.5% of the total lysine from succinylated fish protein and fish protein extracted at high pH, respectively, indicating a low apparent digestibility for the succinylated protein. The isoelectric point of succinylated fish protein was about 4, whereas that of fish protein extracted at high pH was about 5. Furthermore, fish protein extracted at high pH was relatively soluble below pH 4. Succinylated fish protein generally had a greater emulsion capacity and stability than did fish protein extracted at high pH which in turn had a greater emulsion capacity and stability than did gelatin. Addition of carboxymethyl cellulose decreased stability of the emulsion, but increased the emulsion activity. Succinylated fish protein formed a strong cheese-like curd upon quiescent acidification, whereas fish protein extracted at a high pH formed a very fragile curd. With addition of calcium ion, the curd tension of succinylated fish protein decreased, and the texture of the curd was smoother. Calcium ion precipitated the fish protein extract at high pH.
Crystal structure and magnetic properties of bis(isothiocyanato)bis(pyrazine)iron polymer, a 2D sheetlike polymer (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTCrystal structure and magnetic properties of bis(isothiocyanato)bis(pyrazine)iron polymer, a 2D sheetlike polymerJose Antonio Real, Giovanni De Munno, M. Carmen Munoz, and Miguel JulveCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1991, 30, 12, 2701–2704Publication Date (Print):June 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 June 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic00012a026https://doi.org/10.1021/ic00012a026research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views471Altmetric-Citations107LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Multiplication of Bacteriophage P22 in Penicillin-Induced Spheroplasts of <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (1970)

The spheroplasts of Salmonella typhimurium (LT2) prepared by treatment with penicillin were capable of adsorbing phage P22 C(1). The normal multiplication of the phage took place, although the burst size was reduced to one-fourth of that in intact cells. Rate of incorporation of (14)C-thymidine into spheroplasts was increased severalfold on phage infection. Multiplication of C(+) also took place, but no lysogeny could be established in spheroplasts. Furthermore, spheroplasts prepared from cells lysogenized with wild-type phage, LT2 (C(+)), and a temperature-inducible C(2) mutant, LT2(tsC(2)), were not inducible. Unlike normal cells, both mitomycin C and actinomycin D interfered with the phage multiplication in spheroplasts. The spheroplast system offers great advantages in the study of the synthesis of nucleic acids and proteins in phage-infected LT2.
Work and Leisure: A Simplified Paradigm (1972)

Definitions of leisure have been both exclusive and inclusive. Although different definitions have been used by various students of leisure, the nature of the differences has not always been clear. Dualistic and monistic approaches to understanding life account for exclusive-inclusive differences. However, the two dimensions that appear most important to common definitions are those of work-relation and discretion. A paradigm is developed using these dimensions to construct a four-celled scheme. Nonwork activity may be (1) For-its-own-sake: not determined by the work relation and freely chosen; (2) Coordinated: dependent on the work relation in content but freely chosen; (3) Complementary: independent of work in content and form but determined by social roles or the need to compensate for work; and (4) Recuperation or preparation: required by the work relation and necessary rather than chosen. In four types of definitions leisure and nonwork are distinguished by which of these four cells is included in each. The paradigm is suggested as an inclusive theoretical simplification.
Analysis of cancers missed at screening mammography. (1992)

Analysis of 320 cancers found in a screened population between August 1985 and May 1990 revealed 77 cancers that were "missed" at screening mammography. The missed lesions consisted of cancers incorrectly diagnosed after mammography (false-negative results) but visible in retrospect (n = 19); cancers correctly diagnosed after mammography but visible in retrospect on an earlier mammogram (n = 47); and cancers that went undetected by the first of two readers (n = 11). Missed lesions were categorized according to type of miss, reason for the miss, breast density, lesion features, and lesion location. The missed lesion were compared with 121 cancers that were correctly diagnosed at screening mammography. The missed cancers occurred in women with denser breasts (P = .046), were less likely to demonstrate malignant microcalcifications, and were more likely to demonstrate a developing opacity as an indication of cancer (P = .005). An understanding of the characteristics of missed lesions may be a valuable aid in increasing the sensitivity of screening mammography.
The Rotterdam Study: 2016 objectives and design update (2015)

The Rotterdam Study is a prospective cohort study ongoing since 1990 in the city of Rotterdam in The Netherlands. The study targets cardiovascular, endocrine, hepatic, neurological, ophthalmic, psychiatric, dermatological, otolaryngological, locomotor, and respiratory diseases. As of 2008, 14,926 subjects aged 45 years or over comprise the Rotterdam Study cohort. The findings of the Rotterdam Study have been presented in over 1200 research articles and reports (see www.erasmus-epidemiology.nl/rotterdamstudy ). This article gives the rationale of the study and its design. It also presents a summary of the major findings and an update of the objectives and methods.
Psychological Stress and Antibody Response to Influenza Vaccination: When Is the Critical Period for Stress, and How Does It Get Inside the Body? (2004)

To the extent that they reported higher levels of stress across the monitoring period, subjects exhibited poorer antibody responses to the New Caledonia strain of the vaccine. Stress ratings on the 2 days before the vaccine and the day it was given were not associated with antibody response. However, the 10 days afterward appeared to be a window of opportunity during which stress could shape the long-term antibody response to varying degrees. With respect to potential mediating pathways, little evidence emerged in favor of cortisol secretion, alcohol consumption, physical activity, or cigarette smoking. However, analyses were consistent with a pattern in which feelings of stress and loss of sleep become locked into a feed-forward circuit that ultimately diminishes the humoral immune response. These findings may shed light on the mechanisms through which stress increase vulnerability to infectious disease.
Metal Matrix Composites: Thermomechanical Behavior (1989)

Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) are among the strongest candidates for use as structural materials in many high temperature and aerospace applications. This book is fully referenced, with literature coverage to mid-1988, and a set of problems is included with each chapter.
A Stress-Inducible Resveratrol <i>O</i>-Methyltransferase Involved in the Biosynthesis of Pterostilbene in Grapevine (2008)

Stilbenes are considered the most important phytoalexin group in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) and they are known to contribute to the protection against various pathogens. The main stilbenes in grapevine are resveratrol and its derivatives and, among these, pterostilbene has recently attracted much attention due both to its antifungal and pharmacological properties. Indeed, pterostilbene is 5 to 10 times more fungitoxic than resveratrol in vitro and recent studies have shown that pterostilbene exhibits anticancer, hypolipidemic, and antidiabetic properties. A candidate gene approach was used to identify a grapevine resveratrol O-methyltransferase (ROMT) cDNA and the activity of the corresponding protein was characterized after expression in Escherichia coli. Transient coexpression of ROMT and grapevine stilbene synthase in tobacco (Nicotiana benthamiana) using the agroinfiltration technique resulted in the accumulation of pterostilbene in tobacco tissues. Taken together, these results showed that ROMT was able to catalyze the biosynthesis of pterostilbene from resveratrol both in vitro and in planta. ROMT gene expression in grapevine leaves was induced by different stresses, including downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola) infection, ultraviolet light, and AlCl(3) treatment.
Identification of the interleukin-3 receptor using an iodinatable, cleavable, photoreactive cross-linking agent. (1986)

Murine interleukin-3 (mIL-3) is a lymphokine that stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of both pluripotent hemopoietic stem cells and their committed progeny. However, very little is known about the mechanism by which this growth factor elicits its effects on responsive cell populations. To gain insight into early events following mIL-3 receptor interaction, we initiated studies to isolate the receptor and study its properties. In this report, we demonstrate the use of a new iodinatable, cleavable, photoreactive cross-linking agent, sulfosuccinimidyl 2-(p-azidosalicylamido)-1,3'-dithiopropionate to identify the mIL-3 receptor. These studies reveal the mIL-3 receptor to be a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 67 kDa and an isoelectric point of approximately 6.2.
Kidney Disease in Patients with HIV Infection and AIDS (2008)

As patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) live longer while receiving antiretroviral therapy, kidney diseases have emerged as significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Black race, older age, hypertension, diabetes, low CD4(+) cell count, and high viral load remain important risk factors for kidney disease in this population. Chronic kidney disease should be diagnosed in its early stages through routine screening and careful attention to changes in glomerular filtration rate or creatinine clearance. Hypertension and diabetes must be aggressively treated. Antiretroviral regimens themselves have been implicated in acute or chronic kidney disease. The risk of kidney disease associated with the widely used agent tenofovir continues to be studied, although its incidence in reported clinical trials and observational studies remains quite low. Future studies about the relationship between black race and kidney disease, as well as strategies for early detection and intervention of kidney disease, hold promise for meaningful reductions in morbidity and mortality associated with kidney disease.
Reviews (1993)

EEC Treaty and Environmental Protection. by Ludwig Kramer. Sweet and Maxwell, London. 1990 (reprinted 1992), 115 pp, £32.50 Hb, £16.50 Pb. The Welsh Environment: A Guide to your Rights and Responsibilities. Welsh Office. HMSO. 1992, 36 pp. Planning for the Environment: Information Needs and Opportunities: Report of Proceedings of a Seminar. County Planning Officers Society. 1991, 29 pp. Environment and Planning: The Conservation and Development of Biophysical Resources. by Paul Selman. Paul Chapman publishing. 1992, 192 pp, £13.95. Tomorrow's Architectural Heritage: Landscape and Buildings in the Countryside. by J. M. Fladmark, G. Y. Mulvagh, B. M. Evans. Mainstream, Edinburgh. 1991, 192 pp, £14.99. Choice and Demand in Tourism. 1992, 226 pp, £14.99 Pb. Perspectives on Tourism Policy. 1991, 256 pp, £14.99 Pb. edited by P. Johnson, B. Thomas. Mansell, London
Artificial neural networks application in thermography (2017)

Papers presented at the 13th International Conference on Heat Transfer, Fluid Mechanics and Thermodynamics, Portoroz, Slovenia on 17-19 July 2017 .
A Novel Carbonization of Naphthalene and Other Aromatic Compounds in a Molten Mixture of AlCl3–NaCl–KCl (1979)

Abstract The use of molten salt as the solvent made it possible to carry out the carbonization process throughout in the liquid state. The process proceeded at a lower temperature than conventional ones, resulting in higher yields. The carbon was deposited from the reaction mixture as powder or flakes; it was similar to “raw coke” in its composition. Thus, 12.8 g of naphthalene was treated in a mixed melt (mp 95 °C) of AlCl3, NaCl, and KCl (60:26:14 mol%) at 300 °C for 10 h, yielding 11.3 g of carbon. Anthracene, phenanthrene, substituted naphthalene, and biphenyl also gave carbon in yields 69–99% of the theoretical yields, while N-containing heterocycles hardly reacted at all. The X-ray parameters of the carbons, the d002 spacing and the crystal thickness, Lc, varied with the kind of compound used and with other factors; after heat-treatment at 2800 °C, these values were 3.37–3.52 and 20–700 Å respectively. As the mode of reaction, an acid-catalyzed ionic mechanism was proposed, and the role of hydrogen-disproportionation was discussed.
Enhancing the Oxygen Plasma Resistance of Low-k Methylsilsesquioxane by H<sub>2</sub> Plasma Treatment (1999)

The organic silsesquioxane, methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ), has a low dielectric constant because of its low film density compared to thermal oxide. However, the quality of the MSQ film is degraded by the damage caused by oxygen plasma and hygroscopic behavior during photoresist stripping. In this work, we have studied the ability of H 2 plasma treatment to improve the quality of MSQ. The leakage current of MSQ decreases as the H 2 plasma treatment time is increased. The dielectric constant of treated samples remains constant (∼2.7). In addition, the thermal stability of MSQ film is significantly promoted. The H 2 plasma treatment can provide additional hydrogen to passivate the inner structure of porous MSQ film, and reduce the probability of moisture uptake. Therefore, H 2 plasma treatment can improve the quality of low- k MSQ film and reduce the issue of photoresist stripping in the integrated process.
A bio-inspired single photon detector with suppressed noise and low jitter (2008)

A novel short wave infrared single photon detector was conceived for wavelengths beyond 1 μm. The detector, called the nano-injection photon detector, is conceptually designed with biological inspirations taken from the eye. Based on a detection process similar to the human visual system, the detector couples a nano-scale sensory region with a large absorption volume to provide a low-noise internal amplification mechanism, high signal-to-noise ratio and quantum efficiency. Tens of thousands of devices were fabricated in different configurations with conventional processing methods in more than 20 iterations. For low speed imaging applications, the detectors have shown gain values reaching 10,000 with bias voltages around 1 V. Ultra-low noise levels were measured at gain values exceeding 4,000 at room temperature: Fano factors as low as 0.55 has been achieved, which indicated a statistically stable amplification mechanism and resulting sub-Poissionian shot noise. An alternate version of the detector, which is specialized towards high-speed applications, has also been developed with slight changes in processing steps. The fast detectors with bandwidth beyond 3 Ghz were demonstrated which provide gain values around 20. The measured risetime was less than 200 ps. Femtosecond pulsed illumination measurements exhibited ultra-low jitter around 15 ps. Transient delay experiments revealed that the measured jitter is due to the transit time in the large absorption region. Hence the amplification process has insignificant time-uncertainty in addition to low amplitude-variance (noise), which is consistent with statistically stable nature of amplification.
Cereblon versus VHL: Hijacking E3 ligases against each other using PROTACs (2019)

The von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) and cereblon (CRBN) proteins are substrate recognition subunits of two ubiquitously expressed and biologically important Cullin RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complexes. VHL and CRBN are also the two most popular E3 ligases being recruited by bifunctional Proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs) to induce ubiquitination and subsequent proteasomal degradation of a target protein. Using homo-PROTACs, VHL and CRBN have been independently dimerized to induce their own degradation. Here we report the design, synthesis and cellular activity of VHL-CRBN hetero-dimerizing PROTACs featuring diverse conjugation patterns. We found that the most active compound 14a induced potent, rapid and profound preferential degradation of CRBN over VHL in cancer cell lines. At lower concentrations, weaker degradation of VHL was instead observed. This work demonstrates proof of concept of designing PROTACs to hijack different E3 ligases against each other, and highlights a powerful and generalizable proximity-induced strategy to achieve E3 ligase knockdown.
A Review of Internet-Based Home Drug-Testing Products for Parents (2004)

Pediatricians should advise parents of the limitations and potential risks associated with home drug-testing products.
An electro-thermally and laterally driven polysilicon microactuator (1997)

A novel electro-thermally and laterally driven microactuator made of polysilicon has been designed, fabricated, and tested. The operational principle is based on the asymmetrical thermal expansion of the microstructure with different lengths of two beams, but not based on the variable cross sections of the microstructure. A microgripper to demonstrate one possible application of the microactuator is fabricated and characterized. The input voltage of this design is less than 10 dc to produce 20 µm displacement with about 0.6 mJ heat dissipation, and the maximum temperature is less than 600 C. A gripping force up to 2.8 µN can be generated. Simulation results are compared with the experimental data and show good agreement. Some design parameters strongly influencing the performance of the microactuator are discussed also.
On computing the two-dimensional (2-D) type IV discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT-IV) (2001)

A new fast N/spl times/M two-dimensional (2-D) type IV discrete cosine transform (2-D DCT-IV) algorithm is proposed by jointly using the one-dimensional (1-D) polynomial transform (1-D PT) and the N length-M 1-D DCTs. Compared to the known row-column method, the proposed algorithm requires less than one-half of number of multiplications and a smaller number of additions.
Upconverting Nanoparticles as Nanotransducers for Photodynamic Therapy in Cancer Cells (2008)

Potential clinical use of these nanoparticles includes imaging and PDT of cancer in deep tissues.
Reconstitution of recombination-dependent DNA synthesis in herpes simplex virus 1 (2003)

The repair of double-strand DNA breaks by homologous recombination is essential for the maintenance of genome stability. In herpes simplex virus 1, double-strand DNA breaks may arise as a consequence of replication fork collapse at sites of oxidative damage, which is known to be induced upon viral infection. Double-strand DNA breaks are also generated by cleavage of viral a sequences by endonuclease G during genome isomerization. We have reconstituted a system using purified proteins in which strand invasion is coupled with DNA synthesis. In this system, the viral single-strand DNA-binding protein promotes assimilation of single-stranded DNA into a homologous supercoiled plasmid, resulting in the formation of a displacement loop. The 3' terminus of the invading DNA serves as a primer for long-chain DNA synthesis promoted by the viral DNA replication proteins, including the polymerase and helicase-primase. Efficient extension of the invading primer also requires a DNA-relaxing enzyme (eukaryotic topoisomerase I or DNA gyrase). The viral polymerase by itself is insufficient for DNA synthesis, and a DNA-relaxing enzyme cannot substitute for the viral helicase-primase. The viral single-strand DNA-binding protein, in addition to its role in the invasion process, is also required for long-chain DNA synthesis. Form X, a topologically distinct, positively supercoiled form of displacement-loop, does not serve as a template for DNA synthesis. These observations support a model in which recombination and replication contribute toward maintaining viral genomic stability by repairing double-strand breaks. They also account for the extensive branching observed during viral replication in vivo.