gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Frequency Offset Estimation for 32-QAM Based on Constellation Rotation (2017)

Traditional frequency offset estimation (FOE) algorithms, such as fast Fourier transform-based FOE (FFT-FOE) and differential FOE (Diff-FOE), are no longer suitable for 32-QAM optical coherent receiver. Here, we propose a feed-forward and non-data-aided FOE algorithm for 32-QAM based on constellation rotation. After equalization, the constellation points of the second and the forth ring are selected and rotated with an angle of π/4. Thus, those points gather along diagonal lines, which enable us to use traditional Diff-FOE for 32-QAM signal. The performance of our proposed algorithm is numerically and experimentally verified under the scenario of back-to-back transmission with dual-polarization 32-QAM signals. Our proposed FOE algorithm is more robust to amplified spontaneous emission noise in comparison with recently proposed QPSK-selection assisted FFT-FOE, while the complexities are reduced by factors of 1.7 and 3.7 in the forms of multipliers and adders, respectively.
Laser-driven collimated tens-GeV monoenergetic protons from mass-limited target plus preformed channel (2013)

Proton acceleration by ultra-intense laser pulse irradiating a target with cross-section smaller than the laser spot size and connected to a parabolic density channel is investigated. The target splits the laser into two parallel propagating parts, which snowplow the back-side plasma electrons along their paths, creating two adjacent parallel wakes and an intense return current in the gap between them. The radiation-pressure pre-accelerated target protons trapped in the wake fields now undergo acceleration as well as collimation by the quasistatic wake electrostatic and magnetic fields. Particle-in-cell simulations show that stable long-distance acceleration can be realized, and a 30 fs monoenergetic ion beam of &gt;10 GeV peak energy and &lt;2° divergence can be produced by a circularly polarized laser pulse at an intensity of about 1022 W/cm2.
Development of Digital DC-ARC Welding Machine (2006)

This paper introduces the results of the development of a new mobile digital DC-arc welding machine (DDWM). A simple PI controller is applied to the DDWM to control the output welding current that is tracking the constant setting current. Furthermore, a hot-start function, an anti-stuck function, a standby mode and an intelligential circuit breaker (ICB) are included in the DDWM. The DDWM increases welding quality and saves more power energy than a conventional welding machine. The DDWM is changed from ready mode into the standby mode, automatically, after 2-minute intervals from this unload start. Then, the DDWM is changed into ready mode, automatically, since it is reused for welding. Moreover, the DDWM increases welding quality, productivity and reduces costs of welding. So, the DDWM can make a considerable contribution to the mobile welding industries. The effectiveness of the DDWM was proven by the experimental results.
„Mehrfach‐Kronenether” mit multipler Selektivität (1979)

In Kronenether‐Kombinationen vom Typ ( 1 ) und ( 2 ) sind mehrere Ringe mit variabler Hohlraumgröße (und Donorausstattung) spiro‐C ‐verknüpft. Diese neuartigen Komplexbildner sollten nicht nur zur Analyse von Salzgemischen nützlich sein, sondern auch zur enzymanalogen Fixierung polyfunktioneller organischer Verbindungen. Möglicherweise könnte man sie sogar zur gleichzeitigen (und damit rentablen) Gewinnung mehrerer wertvoller Metalle aus Meerwasser nutzen. magnified image
Liquid paraffin: a reappraisal of its role in the treatment of constipation (2001)

Liquid paraffin or mineral oil is a transparent, colourless, odourless, or almost odourless, oily liquid composed of saturated hydrocarbons obtained from petroleum.1 Petroleum was used as a medicine at least 400 years before Christ.2 The earliest internal use of refined petroleum appears to date back to 1872, when Robert A. Chesebrough was granted a patent for the manufacture of “a new and useful product from petroleum”.2 The use of liquid paraffin gained popularity, after Sir W. Arbuthnot Lane, Chief Surgeon of Guy's Hospital in 1913, recommended its use as a treatment for intestinal stasis and chronic constipation.3 

The popularity of liquid paraffin as a treatment for constipation and encopresis stems primarily from its tolerability and ease of titration. Although conversion of mineral oil to hydroxy fatty acids induces an osmotic effect,4 liquid paraffin appears to work primarily as a stool lubricant.5 Therefore, liquid paraffin is not associated with abdominal cramps, diarrhoea, flatulence, electrolyte disturbances, or the emergence of tolerance with long term usage, side effects commonly associated with osmotic or stimulant laxatives.6 These features make liquid paraffin particularly attractive for use in chronic constipation and encopresis of childhood, where large doses and prolonged administration commonly are necessary during the disimpaction and maintenance phases of treatment, respectively.6 

However, although liquid paraffin is widely accepted and recommended as a fundamental component of regimens for the management of constipation in North America and Australia,6 7 it is little used in the United Kingdom.8 9 This trans-Atlantic dichotomy in liquid paraffin usage has been underscored by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) endorsement of practice guidelines developed by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition (NASPGN) for the management of constipation in infants and children.6 NASPGN clearly identify liquid paraffin (mineral …
Quality Control in the Development of Transgenic Crop Seed Products (2001)

In light of (i) public concern with the safety of genetically modified crops, (ii) the issue of food labeling, and (iii) governmental regulation of transgenic plants, quality control (QC) monitoring of the process of Transgenic Seed Product Development (TSPD) is essential to protecting research investments, maintaining compliance with governmental regulations, and ensuring customer satisfaction. The primary goal of QC monitoring in TSPD is to ensure the authenticity (transgenic event identity and purity) of seed materials used in product testing, in the development of regulatory data packages for governmental review, and to develop seed volumes for commercial release. Monitoring is performed to confirm the presence of the presumed transgenic event(s) and the absence of all others. Sophisticated QC strategies formulated to monitor the product development process and to maintain quality standards in the manufacturing industry can serve as a foundation in devising efficient strategies tailored to meet needs in the seed industry. A number of considerations in the design of an optimized QC monitoring plan for TSPD are discussed, including: costs vs. economic benefits of developing and commercializing nondefective products; effective timing of inspections; joint scheduling of inspections with other genetic analyses; assay methods that maximize screening efficiency, flexibility, and accuracy; sampling vs. 100% assessment of transgenic populations; the ability to bulk samples to minimize data point requirements; and the need to minimize or eliminate inspection errors. An overview of the general process of TSPD and an example QC monitoring strategy for corn ( Zea mays L.) are provided.
New sampling-based design of simultaneous compensation of both dispersion and dispersion slope for multichannel fiber Bragg gratings (2005)

The design of a multichannel fiber Bragg grating to compensate simultaneously the fiber dispersion and dispersion slope is proposed and analyzed. It is found that constituent gratings with equal length would result in unequal channel bandwidth and large band edge sidelobes in broad bandwidth channels due to large dispersion slope. To overcome these short-comings, we propose a new design procedure in that both the physical length and apodization function of the constituent gratings be allowed to vary. This results in a multichannel grating with equal bandwidth and negligible band edge sidelobes. Of course, this grating compensates both the fiber dispersion and dispersion slope very well.
Deletion of a tumor necrosis superfamily gene in mice leads to impaired healing that mimics chronic wounds in humans (2012)

Proper healing of cutaneous wounds progresses through a series of overlapping phases. Nonhealing wounds are defective in one or more of these processes and represent a major clinical problem. A critical issue in developing treatments for chronic wounds is the paucity of animal models to study the mechanisms underlying the defects in healing. Here we show that deletion of tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14/LIGHT) leads to impaired wounds in mice that have the characteristics of nonchronic and chronic ulcers. These wounds show: (1) excessive production of cytokines, in particular three chemokines (KC/CXCL8, MCP-1/CCL2, IP-10/CXCL10), that may be key to the abnormal initiation and resolution of inflammation; (2) defective basement membranes, explaining blood vessel leakage and disruption of dermal/epidermal interactions; and (3) granulation tissue that contains high levels of Coll III, whereas Coll I is virtually absent and does not form fibrils. We also see major differences between nonchronic and chronic wounds, with the latter populated by bacterial films and producing eotaxin, a chemokine that attracts leukocytes that combat multicellular organisms (which biofilms can be considered to be). This new mouse model captures many defects observed in impaired and chronic human wounds and provides a vehicle to address their underlying cell and molecular mechanisms.
Effective caching of Web objects using Zipf's law (2002)

Web accesses follow Zipf's law with a good approximation, as measurements and observations indicate. This property provides an important tool in the design of Web caching architectures, because it allows designers to calculate appropriate cache sizes to achieve the desired hit ratios. The appropriate cache size combined with an LFU replacement policy achieves high cache hit rates. However, LFU replaces objects based on frequency measurements of past accesses. Thus, the system achieves high hit rates only after these measurements are reliable and converge to the final Zipf distribution. In this paper, we provide an analysis using Chernoff's bound and a calculation of an upper bound of the number of initial requests that need to be processed in order to obtain measurements of popularity with high confidence and a measured Zipf distribution which converges to the correct one.
A Quantum Cryptography Protocol for Access Control in Big Data (2018)

Modern cryptography targeted towards providing data confidentiality still pose some limitations. The security of public-key cryptography is based on unproven assumptions associated with the hardness /complicatedness of certain mathematical problems. However, public-key cryptography is not unconditionally secure: there is no proof that the problems on which it is based are intractable or even that their complexity is not polynomial. Therefore, public-key cryptography is not immune to unexpectedly strong computational power or better cryptanalysis techniques. The strength of modern cryptography is being weakened and with advances of big data, could gradually be suppressed. Moreover, most of the currently used public-key cryptographic schemes could be cracked in polynomial time with a quantum computer. This paper presents a renewed focus in fortifying the confidentiality of big data by proposing a quantum-cryptographic protocol. A framework was constructed for realizing the protocol, considering some characteristics of big data and conceptualized using defined propositions and theorems.
The Vienna Implantable Centrifugal Blood Pump (1994)

Because of the inherent disadvantages of membrane pumps, rotary pumps have been increasingly investigated in recent years. As a result of improving biocompatibility, extended assistance with implantable devices is of special interest. Questions arise concerning shear stress, blood traumatization, design of seals, and specific control conditions. In their development of an implantable impeller pump, the Vienna group studied the minimization of hemolysis and thrombus formation by means of numerical simulation, visualization, and in vitro blood evaluation. The latter was revealed to be the most powerful tool for pump evaluation. With optimization of geometry, a hemolysis of in vitro: IH = 0.008; MIH = 0.58; and in vivo: 2.1 to 3 mg% plasma-free hemoglobin could be obtained. For proper control and physiological adaptation, a controller based on a nonlinear and a fuzzy strategy was developed. Furthermore, a method for evaluation of the contractility of the assisted heart during nonpulsatile support was tested by computer simulation. This paper summarizes the evaluation methods used and provide an overview of the results of pump and controller design.
<title>Poly-Si driving circuits for organic EL displays</title> (2001)

In order to realize a fully integrated polycrystalline silicon thin-film transistor organic electro-luminescent display (poly-Si TFT-OELD) with good image quality, problems caused by spatially non-uniform device characteristic in TFTs must be addressed. In TFT-OELDs, spatial variation of threshold voltage in TFT driving circuits leads to non- uniform brightness and poor grayscale accuracy. Consequently, special pixel driver circuits are designed to overcome such difficulties. TFT-OELD analog and digital pixel driver circuits are closely examined and design difficulties are pointed out. For example, in an analog driver circuit, one difficulty is to minimize the power consumption given the spread of (Delta) V<SUB>(Tau</SUB> ); whereas in a digital driver circuit, one of the difficulties is how to maximize the number of grayscales. Performance of important circuits are analyzed and compared through circuit simulations using a poly-Si TFT model. Finally, suggestions of grayscale accuracy improvement are made.
Copeptin, a novel prognostic biomarker in ventilator-associated pneumonia (2008)

Our data demonstrate that copeptin levels increase progressively with the severity of sepsis and are independent predictors of mortality in VAP.
Flash Photolysis of Caged Compounds: Casting Light on Physiological Processes (1998)

Photorelease of bioactive molecules from inactive precursors is a very powerful tool for the study of the molecular mechanisms underlying physiological processes as diverse as ionic channel modulation, exocytosis, phototransduction, ligand-receptor interaction, and cross-bridge activity. A brief account of the methodology, available compounds, and fields of application is presented here.
Shipibo Hunting And The Overkill Hypothesis (2007)

The "overkill" hypothesis, as promulgated by Paul Martin and others, is supported by evidence of asynchronous extinction of megafauna and other species in North America associated with the arrival of Pleistocene hunters in the Western Hemisphere. In this essay, further evidence—based on observations made of the response of a small party of Shipibo hunters in the upper Peruvian Amazon—is offered in support of the hypothesis. These observations were made during an exploratory tripinto the headwaters of a remote Amazonian tributary, a pristine area not occupied by human beings that was plentiful with wildlife. The Shipibo aggressively took the opportunity to catch and kill game, mostly fish, well beyond the immediate nutritional needs of the group. Whereas this response is highly adaptive in the condition of protein scarcity and community sharing, it illustrated the effectiveness and efficiency of Shipibo hunting skills as a pure response to the unexpected availability of easily caught game. Though limited in scope, the data appear to support the overkill hypothesis. La hipótesis de "sobrematar," promulgada por Paul Martin y otros, es apoyada por la evidencia de la extinción asincrónica de la megafauna y otras especies en América del Norte asociada con la llegada de cazadores del Pleistoceno en el hemisferio occidental. En este ensayo presentamos observaciones sobre la respuesta de un grupo pequeño de cazadores Shipibo en el alto Amazonas Peruano durante un viaje exploratorio hasta la cabecera de un río remoto, tributario del Amazonas. Estas observaciones sostienen la hipótesis de "sobrematar." Cuando los Shipibo encontraron una zona prístina, no explorada, no ocupada por seres humanos y con mucha vida silvestre, ellos aprovecharon agresivamente la oportunidad de caputrar y matar animales, principalmente pescado, en cantidades que sobrepasaban las necesidades nutricionales del grupo. Aunque esta respuesta es altamente adaptativa en condiciones de escasez de proteínas o en comunidades que practican el compartimiento comunal, quedó demostrada la efectividad y eficiencia de las capacidades cazadoras de los Shipibo como respuesta a la disponibilidad no esperada de recursos fácilmente obenidos y ayuda a apoyar la hipótesis de "sobrematar."
COMPUTER SIMULATION AND MEASUREMENTS OF A BUILDING WITH TOP-COOLING (2005)

This paper deals with the use of computer simulations both for design support of a new building including its heating, ventilation and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems and for optimization of the HVAC control strategy during operation of the completed building. In the early design phases for a new commercial building in Prague computer simulations were carried out in view of possible effects of night cooling ventilation. Predictions of the indoor environment and energy consumption for various options regarding cooling capacity and different outdoor ventilation rates supported the HVAC system design which included daytime top-cooling and night ventilation with outdoor air combined with accumulation of cold in building constructions. After completion of the building, occupants' complaints and a set of measurements indicated some problems with the HVAC, which were subsequently solved. Long-term monitoring and further computer simulations were performed in order to optimize the control strategy of the top-cooling system.
Experimental demonstration of the role of cohesion in electrostatic dust lofting (2013)

The cohesion between small dust particles plays an important role in determining the electrostatic force required to loft charged dust off a surface. On airless, celestial bodies, the cohesive bond between dust particles can be stronger than the gravitational force. Assuming that the charge on dust particles is given by Gauss' law, a theoretical model considering both cohesive and gravitational forces has predicted that intermediate‐sized particles require the smallest electric field strength to loft. We experimentally confirm that, for a given electric field, intermediate‐sized particles are lofted, while smaller and larger particles do not move.
Mechanical and Tribological Behavior of Polymer‐Derived Ceramics Constituted from SiC <sub> <i>x</i> </sub> O <sub> <i>y</i> </sub> N <sub> <i>z</i> </sub> (2006)

Polymer‐derived ceramics (PDCs) are a new class of ceramics that are obtained from direct pyrolysis of densely crosslinked polymers. In this article, we report the mechanical and tribological properties of silicon‐based PDCs. The density, the elastic modulus, the hardness, and the fracture toughness of silicon oxycarbonitride ceramics are related to their tribological (friction and wear) behavior. The mechanical properties show a strong relationship with the oxygen/nitrogen ratio in the ceramic, which was varied by annealing the specimens in nitrogen at high temperatures and pressure. The properties are enhanced by a higher nitrogen‐to‐oxygen ratio. In dry environments, the tribological behavior is divided into two regimes: a low‐friction regime with a coefficient of friction, μ, of about 0.2, and a high‐friction regime with μ∼0.7. The transition occurs at a critical value of contact stress. This transition stress appears to be related to the onset of fracture of the ceramic, and moves to a higher value with higher modulus and hardness of the ceramic. The transition stress is successfully analyzed in terms of the influence of the elastic modulus on the fracture stress. The analysis leads to the suggestion of a residual tensile stress in the surface of the specimens of approximately 1 GPa equivalent of the contact stress. In a humid environment, the transition stress apparently moves beyond the experimentally accessible regime. In this environment, the coefficient of friction remains unchanged at μ∼0.2. Two hypotheses, one related to the effect of humidity on the work of fracture, and the other to the formation of a hydrated film on the surface of silicon nitride, the counterface in the tribological experiments, are proposed for this behavior.
Cough signal recognition with Gammatone Cepstral Coefficients (2013)

Cough Recognition is a valuable classification problem in healthcare. Generally, feature representation contributes a lot to the overall classifying performance. In this paper, a novel feature extraction method, Gammatone Cepstral Coefficients (GTCC), is investigated for cough recognition. The accuracy of GTCC comparing with MFCC is evaluated on a designed cough dataset following a 10 fold cross-validation schemes. Considering the imbalance of that dataset, weighted SVM is applied as the base classifier. The results indicate that GTCC surpass MFCC in modeling cough signals. With combination of GTCC and MFCC, a better performance is achieved. This paper provides a better feature representation prototype in cough recognition.
Conjugated polymers and the bending cantilever method: Electrical muscles and smart devices (1992)

The reversible bending of bipolymer strips composed of a polymer layer (polyethylene) and a conjugated polymer layer (polypyrrole) due to volume changes in the polypyrrole on chemical or electrochemical doping is demonstrated. Several applications of such bipolymer strips in devices used to convert chemical or electrial energy into mechanical energy are presented.
Isolation of Foscarnet-Resistant Human Cytomegalovirus Patterns of Resistance and Sensitivity to Other Antiviral Drugs (1991)

Investigations of mutants of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) that are resistant to foscarnet could shed light on mechanisms of selective drug action and features of drug resistance that may be clinically important. Preexisting foscarnet-resistant mutants could not be detected in a stock of wild-type strain AD169 at frequencies greater than 0.0025%. However, foscarnet-resistant mutants could be isolated by passage in increasing drug concentrations. Two independent mutants were shown by plaque reduction and dot-blot hybridization assays to be resistant to phosphonoacetic acid and acyclovir, sensitive to ganciclovir, vidarabine, 2'fluoro-5-iodoarabinosylcytosine, and (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2- phosphonylmethoxypropyl)cytosine; and hypersensitive to aphidicolin and (S)-1-(3-hydroxy-2-phosphonylmethoxypropyl)adenine. These results have implications for the mutation frequency of CMV, for the possibility that clinically important foscarnet- and acyclovir-resistant CMV infections could emerge, for possible therapies of drug-resistant virus infections, and for the role of viral DNA polymerase in mechanisms of selective action of anti-CMV drugs.