gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of the Mastalex latex agglutination test for methicillin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus grown on different screening media (2001)

The Mastalex MRSA latex agglutination method was evaluated with 52 methicillin-resistant and 27 methicillin-susceptible strains of Staphylococcus aureus grown on various media. All tests were correct with colonies grown on blood agar with or without oxacillin 2 mg/L. Tests on colonies grown on mannitol salt agar were less reliable, although addition of oxacillin 2 mg/L improved performance. One of the 26 MRSA which grew on Baird-Parker medium with 8 mg/L ciprofloxacin gave a false-negative result. Agglutination was faster when strains were grown on media with oxacillin. The method would be particularly useful for urgent confirmation of resistance.
Limited proteolytic digestion of lac repressor by trypsin. Chemical nature of the resulting trypsin-resistant core. (1976)

Tryptic digestion of Escherichia coli lac repressor under nondenaturing conditions readily removes 59 amino acids from the NH2-terminal end of the polypeptide chain. Longer digestion removes an additional 20 or more amino acids from the COOH terminus, leaving a highly trypsin-resistanct core molecule. The lac repressor tetrameric structure and inducer-binding activity are retained by the tryptic core. Operator-binding activity, however, is lost as the NH2-terminal end is degraded. Many or all of the possible trypsin cleavage sites in the NH2-terminal region are available to attack by the enzyme, indicating that this part of the polypeptide chain is exposed to the environment. Lac repressor, missing the NH2-terminal end, renatures efficiently from random-coil solvent to tetramers with full inducer-binding activity, indicating that the NH2-terminal region is not necessary for the appropriate three-dimensional folding of the polypeptide chains. Core which lacks both the NH2 and COOH termini renatures to tetramers with low efficiency.
Equilibrium Analysis of Cyclic Adsorption Processes: CO 2 Working Capacities with NaY (2005)

Abstract The most common application of adsorption is via pressure swing adsorption. In this type of design, the feed and regeneration temperatures are kept approximately equal, whereas the feed pressure is higher than the regeneration pressure. By exploiting the difference in the amount adsorbed at a higher pressure to the amount adsorbed at a lower pressure, a working capacity is realized. Therefore, by examining the expected (ideal) working capacity of an adsorbent, a performance characteristic can be analyzed for a pressure swing adsorption process (PSA). For this work, feed pressures up to 2.0 atm CO2 and feed temperatures from 20°C to 200°C were investigated. These limits were chosen due to the nature of the target process: CO2 removal from flue gas. Carbon dioxide adsorption isotherms were determined in a constant volume system at 23°C, 45°C, 65°C, 104°C, 146°C, and 198°C, for pressures between 0.001 and 2.5 atm CO2 with NaY zeolite. These data were fit with the temperature dependent form of the Toth isotherm. Henry's Law constants and the heat of adsorption at the limit of zero coverage were also determined using the concentration pulse method. Comparison of the Henry's Law constants derived from the Toth isotherm, and those obtained with the concentration pulse method provided excellent agreement. By using the Toth isotherm, expected working capacity contour plots were constructed for PSA (Pressure Swing Adsorption), TSA (Temperature Swing Adsorption), and PTSA (Pressure Temperature Swing Adsorption) cycles. The largest expected working capacities were obtained when the bed was operated under a high‐pressure gradient PSA cycle, or a high thermal and pressure gradient PTSA cycle. The results also showed that certain TSA and PSA cycle conditions would result with higher expected working capacities as the feed temperature increases.
An assessment of the dual-analyte enzyme immunoassay for ovulation timing (1989)

In a search for simpler, more efficient methods of monitoring ovulatory function, either to assist in the investigation of the infertile couple or for contraceptive or fertility control purposes, a number of new methods have been developed. One of these, the OVEIA dual-analyte system is now available for laboratory use. The principle behind the system is the simultaneous measurement of urinary oestrone-glucuronide and pregnanediol-glucuronide. The resultant signal is quantified using an enzymatic photometric endpoint denoted by the relative absorbance (RA%). The application of the OVEIA system to the monitoring of urine samples over the periovulatory period in ovulatory and non-ovulatory cycles from regularly cycling but infertile women is described and the changes in RA% compared with synchronously measured changes in plasma LH and plasma oestradiol concentrations, salivary progesterone profiles and measurements of follicular volume. It is concluded that the OVEIA system is simple and quick to perform and the results obtained compare reasonably well with equivalent direct and indirect indicators of impending ovulation (e.g. increasing plasma oestradiol concentrations or changes in the volume of the follicle). However, as is the case with other endocrine methods, definitive information about the presence or absence of follicular rupture cannot be obtained.
Electric field generated by longitudinal axial microtubule vibration modes with high spatial resolution microtubule model (2011)

Microtubules are electrically polar structures fulfilling prerequisites for generation of oscillatory electric field in the kHz to GHz region. Energy supply for excitation of elastoelectrical vibrations in microtubules may be provided from GTP-hydrolysis; motor protein-microtubule interactions; and energy efflux from mitochondria. It recently was determined from anisotropic elastic network modeling of entire microtubules that the frequencies of microtubule longitudinal axial eigenmodes lie in the region of tens of GHz for the physiologically common microtubule lengths. We calculated electric field generated by axial longitudinal vibration modes of microtubule, which model is based on subnanometer precision of charge distribution. Due to elastoelectric nature of the vibrations, the vibration wavelength is million-fold shorter than that of the electromagnetic field in free space and the electric field around the microtubule manifests rich spatial structure with multiple minima. The dielectrophoretic force exerted by electric field on the surrounding molecules will influence the kinetics of reactions via change in the probability of the transport of charge and mass particles. The electric field generated by vibrations of electrically polar cellular structures is expected to play a role in biological self-organization
Increased phosphorylation and redistribution of NMDA receptors between synaptic lipid rafts and post‐synaptic densities following transient global ischemia in the rat brain (2005)

Ischemia results in increased phosphorylation of NMDA receptors. To investigate the possible role of lipid rafts in this increase, lipid rafts and post-synaptic densities (PSDs) were isolated by the extraction of rat brain synaptosomes with Triton X-100 followed by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. Lipid rafts accounted for the majority of PSD-95, whereas SAP102 was predominantly located in PSDs. Between 50 and 60% of NMDA receptors were associated with lipid rafts. Greater than 85-90% of Src and Fyn were present in lipid rafts, whereas Pyk2 was mainly associated with PSDs. Lipid rafts and PSDs were isolated from animals subjected to 15 min of global ischemia followed by 6 h of recovery. Ischemia did not affect the yield, density, flotillin-1 or cholesterol content of lipid rafts. Following ischemia, the phosphorylation of NR1 by protein kinase C and tyrosine phosphorylation of NR2A and NR2B was increased in both lipid rafts and PSDs, with a greater increase in tyrosine phosphorylation occurring in the raft fraction. Following ischemia, NR1, NR2A and NR2B levels were elevated in PSDs and reduced in lipid rafts. The findings are consistent with a model involving close interaction between lipid rafts and PSDs and a role for lipid rafts in ischemia-induced signaling pathways.
Administration of recombinant interleukin 2 in vivo induces a polyclonal IgM response. (1986)

We studied the potential immunoenhancing effects of high doses of rIL-2 on murine T and B cell functions in vivo. Injection of rIL-2 caused a threefold or more increase in the frequencies of antigen-specific proliferative T cells, suggesting that rIL-2 initiated a polyclonal T cell response. In primary and secondary humoral immune responses, administration of rIL-2 in vivo selectively enhanced the production of IgM antibodies, whereas the IgG response was unaffected. Coadministration of rIL-2 with antigen failed to induce an isotype switch from IgM to IgG in genetically low-responding mice. Interestingly, in mice treated with rIL-2 alone (in the absence of exogenous antigen), polyclonal IgM production was induced. Polyclonal IgM production of lesser magnitude was found when mice were immunized with specific antigen in the absence of exogenous rIL-2, suggesting that local IL-2 concentrations in a primary immune response might be sufficient to elicit a polyclonal IgM response.
Dual‐demand Pacing for Refractory Atrioventricular Re‐entry Tachycardia* (1979)

An automatic dual-demand pacemaker has been used in six patients to treat refractory attacks of paroxysmal re-entry atrioventricular tachycardia that occurred in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. The pacemaker was designed to pace at a fixed rate of 70 beats per minute when sensed heart rates were either below this rate or above 150 beats per minute; in the latter case, it would compete with the paroxysmal tachycardia and interrupt it after a short period of random scaning. The best location for the permanent pacing electrode and the feasibility of using the pacemaker were tested in each case during a detailed preliminary intracardiac electrophysiological study. The permanent pacing electrode was positioned in the coronary sinus in three patients and was attached to the epicardium of either the left or right ventricle in another three. All patients were given regular oral doses of verapamil or propranolol to enhance the effectiveness of the pacemaker system and, with the latter, to prevent pacemaker activation during sinus tachycardia. Over a follow-up period of between 11 and 47 months, the pacemaker system remained completely effective in three patients, but developed unreliable sensing in another two (one coronary sinus and one left ventricular lead). In the sixth patient the pacemaker was only effective when the rate of the tachycardia remained below 170 beats a minute, as when she was resting supine; when sitting or standing, however, her tachycardia rate considerably exceeded this value and the pacemaker was ineffective. Explantation of the pacemaker and either successful cryosurgical ablation of the accesory AV pathway or treatment with amiodarone was undertaken in the three patients in whom the pacemaker had failed.
Fat Girl Has Regular Sex (2014)

We ate Jell-O poke cake in bed one night after. We brought it home from a church basement dinner, plastic wrap over Cool Whip icing, whorls of orange inside. Definitions of regular: 1: belonging
DEVELOPMENT OF A THERMOACOUSTIC NATURAL GAS LIQUEFIER-UPDATE (2001)

Thermoacoustic heat engines and refrigerators are being developed for liquefaction of natural gas. This is the only technology capable of producing refrigeration power at cryogenic temperatures with no moving parts. A prototype, with a projected natural gas liquefaction capacity of 500 gallons/day, has been built and tested. The power source is a natural gas burner. Systems are developed with liquefaction capacities up to 10,000 to 20,000 gallons per day. The technology, the development project, accomplishments and applications are discussed.
TRAUMA UPREGULATES HUMAN PERIPHERAL MONONUCLEAR CELL EXPRESSION OF IL-10, NOT PRO-INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES (1995)

SHOCK®: Injury, Inflammation, and Sepsis: Laboratory and Clinical Approaches includes studies of novel therapeutic approaches, such as immunomodulation, gene therapy, nutrition, and others. The mission of the Journal is to foster and promote multidisciplinary studies, both experimental and clinical in nature, that critically examine the etiology, mechanisms and novel therapeutics of shock-related pathophysiological conditions. Its purpose is to excel as a vehicle for timely publication in the areas of basic and clinical studies of shock, trauma, sepsis, inflammation, ischemia, and related pathobiological states, with particular emphasis on the biologic mechanisms that determine the response to such injury. Making such information available will ultimately facilitate improved care of the traumatized or septic individual. SHOCK® is also privileged to have fourteen distinguished Associate Editors, as well as a diverse group of editorial board members from various parts of the world, who enjoy the respect and admiration of their colleagues in their areas of investigation. The Official Journal of the Shock Society, the European Shock Society, the Indonesian Shock Society, the International Federation of Shock Societies, and the Official and International Journal of the Japan Shock Society
Silicon selective epitaxial growth at 800 °C using SiH4/H2 assisted by H2/Ar plasma sputter (1989)

This letter presents the results of silicon selective epitaxial growth at 800 °C by ultralow pressure chemical vapor deposition using SiH4 /H2 assisted by H2 /Ar plasma sputter. By utilizing growth-sputter cycles, selective epitaxial layers can be grown on exposed silicon windows of silicon wafers with oxide patterns to the thickness needed. The growth process was carried out by flowing SiH4 (3.5 mTorr)/H2 (7 mTorr), while the sputter step was performed by using H2 (7 mTorr)/Ar(1.5 mTorr) plasma at a susceptor dc bias from −100 to −300 V. Characterized by cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy, Nomarski optical microscopy, and spreading resistance profiling, the epitaxial films were found of high structural and electrical quality.
A Modular Localization System as a Positioning Service for Road Transport (2014)

In recent times smart devices have attracted a large number of users. Since many of these devices allow position estimation using Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) signals, a large number of location-based applications and services have emerged, especially in transport systems. However GNSS signals are affected by the environment and are not always present, especially in dense urban environment or indoors. In this work firstly a Modular Localization Algorithm is proposed to allow seamless switching between different positioning modules. This helps us develop a positioning system that is able to provide position estimates in both indoor and outdoor environments without any user interaction. Since the proposed system can run as a service on any smart device, it could allow users to navigate not only in outdoor environments, but also indoors, e.g., underground garages, tunnels etc. Secondly we present the proposal of a 2-phase map reduction algorithm which allows one to significantly reduce the complexity of position estimation processes in case that positioning is performed using a fingerprinting framework. The proposed 2-phase map reduction algorithm can also improve the accuracy of the position estimates by filtering out reference points that are far from the mobile device. Both algorithms were implemented into a positioning system and tested in real world conditions in both indoor and outdoor environments.
Silicon-Germanium multi-quantum well photodetectors in the near infrared (2012)

Single crystal Silicon-Germanium multi-quantum well layers were epitaxially grown on silicon substrates. Very high quality films were achieved with high level of control utilizing recently developed MHAH epitaxial technique. MHAH growth technique facilitates the monolithic integration of photonic functionality such as modulators and photodetectors with low-cost silicon VLSI technology. Mesa structured p-i-n photodetectors were fabricated with low reverse leakage currents of ~10 mA/cm² and responsivity values exceeding 0.1 A/W. Moreover, the spectral responsivity of fabricated detectors can be tuned by applied voltage.
Nonlinear transmission line based electron beam driver (2012)

Gated field emission cathodes can provide short electron pulses without the requirement of laser systems or cathode heating required by photoemission or thermionic cathodes. The large electric field requirement for field emission to take place can be achieved by using a high aspect ratio cathode with a large field enhancement factor which reduces the voltage requirement for emission. In this paper, a cathode gate driver based on the output pulse train from a nonlinear transmission line is experimentally demonstrated. The application of the pulse train to a tufted carbon fiber field emission cathode generates short electron pulses. The pulses are approximately 2 ns in duration with emission currents of several mA, and the train contains up to 6 pulses at a frequency of 100 MHz. Particle-in-cell simulation is used to predict the characteristic of the current pulse train generated from a single carbon fiber field emission cathode using the same technique.
Segmentation of Lumbar Spine MRI Images for Stenosis Detection Using Patch-Based Pixel Classification Neural Network (2018)

This paper addresses the central problem of automatic segmentation of lumbar spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) images to delineate boundaries between the anterior arch and posterior arch of the lumbar spine. This is necessary to efficiently detect the occurrence of lumbar spinal stenosis as a leading cause of Chronic Lower Back Pain. A patch-based classification neural network consisting of convolutional and fully connected layers is used to classify and label pixels in MRI images. The classifier is trained using overlapping patches of size 25×25 pixels taken from a set of cropped axial-view T2-weighted MRI images of the bottom three intervertebral discs. A set of experiment is conducted to measure the performance of the classification network in segmenting the images when either all or each of the discs separately is used. Using pixel accuracy, mean accuracy, mean Intersection over Union (IoU), and frequency weighted IoU as the performance metrics we have shown that our approach produces better segmentation results than eleven other pixel classifiers. Furthermore, our experiment result also indicates that our approach produces more accurate delineation of all important boundaries and making it best suited for the subsequent stage of lumbar spinal stenosis detection.
G-CSF supplementation with chemotherapy can promote revascularization and subsequent tumor regrowth: prevention by a CXCR4 antagonist (2011)

Recombinant granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used to accelerate recovery from chemotherapy-induced myelosuppression. G-CSF has been recently shown to stimulate angiogenesis mediated by several types of bone marrow-derived cell populations. To investigate whether G-CSF may alter tumor response to therapy, we studied Lewis lung and EMT/6 breast carcinomas in mice treated with paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy in combination with G-CSF. We compared the results obtained to mice treated with PTX and AMD3100, a small-molecule drug antagonist of CXCR4 which, like G-CSF, can be used to mobilize hematopoietic cells. We show that PTX combined with G-CSF treatment facilitates revascularization, leading to an improvement in blood perfusion in LLC tumors, and a decrease in hypoxia in EMT/6 tumors, thus enhancing tumor growth in comparison to PTX or PTX and AMD3100 therapies. We found that hemangiocytes but not Gr-1(+) CD11b(+) cells colonize EMT/6 tumors after treatment with PTX and G-CSF, but not PTX and AMD3100, and therefore may contribute to angiogenesis. However, increases in hemangiocyte colonization were not observed in LLC PTX and G-CSF-treated tumors, suggesting distinct mechanisms of tumor revascularization after G-CSF. Overall, our observations suggest that despite its known considerable clinical benefits, G-CSF might contribute to tumor revascularization by various mechanisms, and diminish the antitumor activity of chemotherapy, an effect that can be prevented by AMD3100.
Does Nasal Obstruction Mean That the Nose Is Obstructed? (2008)

The present study demonstrates highly significant associations between the subjective sensation of nasal obstruction and corresponding measures for nasal cavity volume, area, and airflow. We conclude that AR and PNIF are valuable objective instruments for evaluation of subjective nasal obstruction.
DRFT-IR Studies of the Surface of γ-Alumina (1997)

γ-Alumina surfaces dehydrated at 450 and 700 °C were studied by using the conventional pyridine adsorption-DRFTIR technique. Three types of Lewis acid sites are present on the surface, and in each case pyridine adsorbed on them is concomitantly interacting with their adjacent OH groups. Because only three types of Lewis acid sites are present, only three hydrogen bonding bands were observed upon pyridine adsorption. From correlation of OH bands with hydrogen bonding bands, it is found that weak Lewis acid sites have type II66 or II64 OH groups as their neighbors, medium strong Lewis acid sites have type III OH groups near by, and strong Lewis acid sites have type I6 OH groups next to them. Dehydration at 700 °C generates more types of OH groups that also interact with pyridine. The reactivity of OH groups is not determined by their acidity and space restrictions, but rather by their proximity to Lewis acid sites. We assigned the three types of Lewis acid sites to five-, four-, and three-coordinate Al3+ ions.
Zoom lens design using GRIN materials (1991)

Some effective usage of the radial GRIN lens in camera zoom systems are presented and lens design examples are shown. Also, effective Abbe number of a cemented GRIN lens is discussed and it is shown that a GRIN lens with uncomon dispersion can be replaced by the cemented GRIN lens with common disparsion.
Nimodipine: Cognition, Aging, and Degeneration (1993)

Over the years, it has become apparent that many cytotoxic events employ a common pathway in destroying cells, namely the disruption of calcium homeostasis. Further studies show that the aging process is also accompanied, perhaps even partly caused, by changes in cellular calcium regulation. Finally, initial evidence has appeared in the literature showing that the Alzheimer beta-amyloid protein also interferes with calcium homeostasis. In these situations, the use of calcium antagonists, such as nimodipine, is expected to prevent part of the damage resulting from disrupted calcium regulation. Indeed, studies with nimodipine show that the compound reduces neuronal degeneration in a variety of toxic conditions. In addition, the compound has a functional effect in that it increases spontaneous neuronal firing of aged neurons, presumably by reducing the age-dependently increased afterhyperpolarization. Nimodipine also reduces age-related perivascular anomalies and increases cerebral blood flow. A combination of these effects is probably why the substance is found to improve cognition in aged animals and in aged humans with impaired brain function.