gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Visual attention and target detection in cluttered natural scenes (2001)

Rather than attempting to fully interpret visual scenes in a\nparallel fashion, biological systems appear to employ a serial strategy by\nwhich an attentional spotlight rapidly selects circumscribed regions in the\nscene for further analysis. The spatiotemporal deployment of attention\nhas been shown to be controlled by both bottom-up (image-based) and\ntop-down (volitional) cues. We describe a detailed neuromimetic computer\nimplementation of a bottom-up scheme for the control of visual\nattention, focusing on the problem of combining information across modalities\n(orientation, intensity, and color information) in a purely stimulusdriven\nmanner. We have applied this model to a wide range of target\ndetection tasks, using synthetic and natural stimuli. Performance has,\nhowever, remained difficult to objectively evaluate on natural scenes,\nbecause no objective reference was available for comparison. We\npresent predicted search times for our model on the Search–2 database\nof rural scenes containing a military vehicle. Overall, we found a poor\ncorrelation between human and model search times. Further analysis,\nhowever, revealed that in 75% of the images, the model appeared to\ndetect the target faster than humans (for comparison, we calibrated the\nmodel’s arbitrary internal time frame such that 2 to 4 image locations\nwere visited per second). It seems that this model, which had originally\nbeen designed not to find small, hidden military vehicles, but rather to\nfind the few most obviously conspicuous objects in an image, performed\nas an efficient target detector on the Search–2 dataset. Further developments\nof the model are finally explored, in particular through a more\nformal treatment of the difficult problem of extracting suitable low-level\nfeatures to be fed into the saliency map.
Utilization of selenocysteyl-tRNA[Ser]Sec and seryl-tRNA[Ser]Sec in protein synthesis. (1994)

The UGA selenocysteine (Sec) codon in glutathione peroxidase mRNA and in selenoprotein P and the UGA stop codon in rabbit beta-globin mRNA were employed to study the utilization of Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec and Ser-tRNA[Ser]Sec in protein synthesis. In vitro Ser-tRNA[Ser]Sec served as a suppressor of the UGA Sec codon as well as the UGA stop codon, while Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec did not. However, in vivo Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec did donate Sec to glutathione peroxidase in Xenopus oocytes microinjected with glutathione peroxidase mRNA and Sec-tRNA. A ribosome binding assay was devised to investigate the interaction of aminoacyl-tRNA, rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes, and eukaryotic elongation factor 1 (eEF-1) in response to the appropriate trinucleoside diphosphate template. Ser-tRNA[Ser]Sec bound weakly to ribosomes in the presence of eEF-1 and UGA as compared to Phe-tRNA, Ser-tRNAIGA, and Met-tRNAm which bound more efficiently in the presence of eEF-1 and the appropriate template. No increase in the binding of Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec was observed under the same conditions as Ser-tRNA[Ser]Sec. The ribosome binding studies substantiated the finding that Ser-tRNA[Ser]Sec serves as a suppressor of UGA codons in protein synthesis, but Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec does not. In addition, these studies provide strong evidence that a specific elongation factor is required in mammalian cells for insertion of Sec into protein from Sec-tRNA[Ser]Sec.
Washable Multilayer Triboelectric Air Filter for Efficient Particulate Matter PM<sub>2.5</sub> Removal (2018)

Abstract Efficient removal of particulate matter (PM) is the major goal for various air cleaning technologies due to its huge impact on human health. Here, a washable high‐efficiency triboelectric air filter (TAF) that can be used multiple times is presented. The TAF consists of five layers of the polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and nylon fabrics. Compared with traditional electrostatic precipitator, which requires a high‐voltage power supply, the TAF can be charged by simply rubbing the PTFE and nylon fabrics against each other. The electrical properties of the TAF are evaluated through the periodic contacting–separating of the PTFE and nylon fabrics using a linear motor, and an open‐circuit voltage of 190 V is achieved. After charging, the TAF has a removal efficiency of 84.7% for PM 0.5 , 96.0% for PM 2.5 , which are 3.22 and 1.39 times as large as the uncharged one. Most importantly, after washing several times, the removal efficiency of the TAF maintains almost the same, while the commercial face mask drops to 70% of its original efficiency. Furthermore, the removal efficiency of the PM 2.5 is very stable under high relative humidity. Therefore, the TAF is promising for fabricating a reusable and high‐efficiency face mask.
DL-based CSI Feedback and Cooperative Recovery in Massive MIMO (2020)

In this paper, we exploit the correlation between nearby user equipment (UE) and develop a deep learning-based channel state information (CSI) feedback and cooperative recovery framework, CoCsiNet, to reduce the feedback overhead. The CSI information can be divided into two parts: shared by nearby UE and owned by individual UE. The key idea of exploiting the correlation is to reduce the overhead used to repeatedly feedback shared information. Unlike in the general autoencoder framework, an extra decoder and a combination network are added at the base station to recover the shared information from the feedback CSI of two nearby UE and combine the shared and individual information, respectively, but no modification is performed at the UEs. For a UE with multiple antennas, we also introduce a baseline neural network architecture with long short-term memory modules to extract the correlation of nearby antennas. Given that the CSI phase is not sparse, we propose two magnitude-dependent phase feedback strategies that introduce statistical and instant CSI magnitude information to the phase feedback process, respectively. Simulation results on two different channel datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed CoCsiNet.
High-resolution photoacoustic thermal-wave microscopy (1980)

Experiments on photoacoustic thermal-wave microscopy are presented, for the first time, at high resolution. Using piezoelectric detection and a modulation frequency of 185 kHz, we obtain a thermal-wave resolution of ∼7 μm. We show that the photoacoustic phase signal provides true thermal-wave imaging even in the presence of surface features with strong optical contrast.
Viscosity and trypsin activity of pure pancreatic juice in chronic pancreatitis. (1978)

In patients with chronic pancreatitis, the viscosity and trypsin activity of the pure pancreatic juice obtained endoscopically are significantly higher than in healthy subjects. These two parameters may thus represent a simple method for the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis.
Tunable Visible and Near‐IR Photoactivation of Light‐Responsive Compounds by Using Fluorophores as Light‐Capturing Antennas (2013)

Although the corrin ring of vitamin B12 is unable to efficiently absorb light beyond 550 nm, it is shown that commercially available fluorophores can be used as antennas to capture long-wavelength light to promote scission of the Co-C bond at wavelengths up to 800 nm. The ability to control the molecular properties of bioactive species with long visible and near-IR light has implications for drug delivery, nanotechnology, and the spatiotemporal control of cellular behavior.
Production and Implication of Bio-Activated Organic Fertilizer Enriched with Zinc-Solubilizing Bacteria to Boost up Maize (Zea mays L.) Production and Biofortification under Two Cropping Seasons (2019)

Bio-activated organic fertilizers (BOZ) were produced by enriching the zinc oxide (ZnO)-orange peel waste composite with Zn solubilizing bacteria (ZSB: Bacillus sp. AZ6) in various formulations (BOZ1 (9:1), BOZ2 (8:2), BOZ3 (7:3) and BOZ4 (6:4)). The produced BOZs, along with ZnO, ZnSO4, ZSB were applied to maize crop (Zea mays L.) under field conditions in two different cropping season and the growth, yield, physiology, plant Zn contents and quality of maize were investigated. Results revealed significant variation in the aforementioned parameters with the applied amendments. The BOZ4 performed outclass by exhibiting the highest plant growth, yield, physiology, Zn contents, and quality. On average, an increase of 53%, 49%, 19%, 22%, 10%, 4%, and 30% in plant height was noticed with BOZ4 application over control, ZnO, ZnSO4, BOZ1, BOZ2, BOZ3, and ZSB, respectively. BOZ4 enhanced the dry shoot-biomass 46% than control. Likewise, the photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance, chlorophyll contents, carotenoids, and carbonic anhydrase activity were increased by 47%, 42%, 45%, 57%, 17%, and 44%, respectively, under BOZ4 over control in both cropping seasons. However, BOZ4 reduced the electrolyte leakage by 38% as compared to control in both cropping seasons. BOZ4 increased the Zn contents of grain and shoot by 46% and 52%, respectively, while reduced the phytate contents by 73% as compared to control. Application of BOZ4 revealed highest average fat (4.79%), crude protein (12.86%), dry matter (92.03%), fiber (2.87%), gluten (11.925%) and mineral (1.53%) contents, as compared to control. In general, the impact of cropping seasons on maize growth, yield, physiology, Zn contents, and quality were non-significant (with few exceptions). Thus, bio-activation of ZnO with ZSB could serve as an efficient and economical strategy for boosting up the growth, yield, physiological, and quality parameters of maize under field conditions.
Feature Representation Using Deep Autoencoder for Lung Nodule Image Classification (2018)

This paper focuses on the problem of lung nodule image classification, which plays a key role in lung cancer early diagnosis. In this work, we propose a novel model for lung nodule image feature representation that incorporates both local and global characters. First, lung nodule images are divided into local patches with Superpixel. Then these patches are transformed into fixed‐length local feature vectors using unsupervised deep autoencoder (DAE). The visual vocabulary is constructed based on the local features and bag of visual words (BOVW) is used to describe the global feature representation of lung nodule image. Finally, softmax algorithm is employed for lung nodule type classification, which can assemble the whole training process as an end‐to‐end mode. Comprehensive evaluations are conducted on the widely used public available ELCAP lung image database. Experimental results with regard to different parameter setting, data augmentation, model sparsity, classifier algorithms, and model ensemble validate the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Response time analysis of fault tolerant systems using primary site approach with LCFS repair service (2002)

The primary site approach uses redundancy for achieving fault-tolerance against node failures. The service to be made fault-tolerant is replicated in many sites, out of which one is selected as the primary site. The other sites on hot standby are backups. When a primary site fails, one of the backup sites takes over as the primary site while the failed primary site joins the repair queue. Two types of repair services are considered, namely the delayed repair service and the immediate repair service. We analyze the average response time of the system when the repair server uses the last-come, first-served (LCFS) service discipline to service the failed sites. We compare the derived response time with the average response time of a system with a repair server that uses the first-come, first-served (FCFS) service discipline.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
The Short Story of HLA and Its Methods (2002)

The laboratories affiliated to the transplantation centers are ready for high reliability testing of all HLA markers required by the clinic according to the results of controlled clinical long-term follow-up studies.
Conformal on-glass vehicle antennas at VHF (1993)

Previous work by the authors (see IEE Internat. Conf. on Antennas and Propag., vol.2, p.950, 1991) described the requirements for modelling a passenger vehicle and its rear-window heater when used as an unconventional receiving antenna for VHF broadcast reception. The complexity of the current distribution which results, both on the heater element as well as on the vehicle bodywork was discussed and the effects of this on the radiation patterns of various antennas were computed using the NEC 2 Moment Method code. Whereas it was realised that the glass substrate on which the antenna is mounted would alter its characteristics this effect was not quantified in that earlier study. Here they present the results of further research which, amongst other things, considers the effects of the glass on the performance of these antennas and includes comparative results from both the computer simulations and from an extensive measurement programme. >
TouchRing (2016)

We propose a finger-worn touch device TouchRing to provide subtle and multi-touch input. TouchRing leverages printed electrodes and the capacitive sensing technique to detect touch input. It allows users to perform multi-touch gestures in one hand to increase input modality. TouchRing worn on the index finger allows multi-touch using the thumb and middle finger. Ten multi-touch gestures are designed in this paper. We also propose touch detection and gesture recognition approaches in TouchRing. Gesture Recognition accuracy is evaluated in the user study. Applications for TouchRing are also proposed to make controlling smart glasses more convenient.
Liquid crystal lenses with tunable focal length (2017)

Lenses with tunable focal length play important roles in nature by helping species avoid predators and capture prey. Many practical devices mimic lens concept for imaging, sensing, and detection. This review covers fundamental optics of lenses and its extension to lenses made of liquid crystals (LCs). Three main types of LC lenses are described, namely, lenses with curved surfaces, flat gradient-index lenses and composite lenses. The review discusses advantages of LC lenses over their isotropic counterparts, challenges in their fabrication and control, as well as a variety of potential applications. We also discuss the current challenges associated with nematic LC lenses and their solutions. LC lenses are already having significant impacts on optics and optometry, and these impacts will grow with discovering new LC materials and new lens designs.
Federated Identity Management Challenges (2012)

Federated Identity Management is considered a promising approach to facilitate secure resource sharing between collaborating partners. The adoption rate of identity federation technologies in the industrial domain, however, has not been as expected. A structured survey provides the basis for this paper, which reports on challenges related to Federated Identity Management. This paper presents a narrative of the main challenges that are reported in existing FIdM research, and provide a starting point to those who seek to learn more about these concepts.
Selective Covalent Bond Formation in Polypeptide Ions via Gas-Phase Ion/Ion Reaction Chemistry (2009)

Primary amines present in protonated polypeptides can be covalently modified via gas-phase ion/ion reactions using bifunctional reagent ions. The use of reagent anions with a charge-bearing site that leads to strong interactions with the polypeptide, such as sulfonic acid, gives rise to the formation of a long-lived adduct. A distinct reactive functional group, an aldehyde in the present case, can then undergo reaction with the peptide. Collisional activation of the adduct ion formed from a reagent with an aldehyde group and a peptide ion with a primary amine gives rise to water loss in conjunction with imine (Schiff base) formation. The covalently bound modification is retained upon subsequent collisional activation. This work demonstrates the ability to selectively modify polypeptide ions in the gas phase within the context of a multistage mass spectrometry experiment.
Image Sensor Communication — Current Status and Future Perspectives (2016)

Image sensor communication (ISC), a type of visible light communication, is an emerging wireless communication technology that uses LEDs to transmit a signal and uses an image sensor in a camera to receive the signal. This paper discusses the present status of and future trends in ISC by describing the essential characteristics and features of ISC. Moreover, we overview the products and expected future applications of ISC.
Preferential expression of alphaEbeta7 integrin (CD103) on CD8+ T cells in the psoriatic epidermis: regulation by interleukins 4 and 12 and transforming growth factor-beta (2002)

Preferential and stable expression of alphaEbeta7 on CD8+ T cells may be involved in the lesional pathology of psoriasis.
Current Surgical Management of Glioblastoma (2003)

Surgical resection is a critical aspect of the management of a patient with a glioblastoma (GBM). An intimate knowledge of the anatomy of a GBM, as well as familiarity with particular surgical techniques and adjunctive technologies is required for safe surgical resection. The goals of resection include diagnosis, relief of mass effect, and cytoreduction. A recent study showed that resection of 98% or more of the tumor mass can result in a statistically significant survival advantage. Even in functionally critical areas, "gross total" resections are possible if proper techniques are employed. It is recommended that a "gross total" resection of the enhancing portion of a GBM be performed whenever possible. With this philosophy, the mortality rate is 3% and the rate of major neurologic morbidity is less than 10%.
“Oncogenic Shock”: Explaining Oncogene Addiction through Differential Signal Attenuation (2006)

"Oncogene addiction" describes the curious acquired dependence of tumor cells on an activated oncogene for their survival and/or proliferation, a phenomenon that has important implications for the success of targeted cancer therapies. However, the mechanisms explaining oncogene addiction remain elusive. We propose that "addiction" may be an illusion generated as a consequence of differential attenuation rates of prosurvival and proapoptotic signals emanating from an oncoprotein acutely following its inactivation. According to this model, which we call "oncogenic shock," prosurvival signals dissipate quickly on oncoprotein inactivation whereas proapoptotic signals linger sufficiently long to commit the cell to an apoptotic death. This mechanism may contribute to the rapid and dramatic clinical responses observed in some cancer patients treated with selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors and could yield additional drug targets that determine the balance of signaling outputs from activated oncoproteins.
Crossbow virtual wire: network in a box (2009)

Project Crossbow in OpenSolaris is introducing new abstractions that provide virtual network interface cards (VNICs) and virtual switches that can have dedicated hardware resources and bandwidth assigned to them. Multiple VNICs can be assigned to OpenSolaris zones to create virtual network machines (VNM) that provide higher level networking functionality like virtual routing, virtual load balancing, and so on. These components can be combined to build an arbitrarily complex virtual network called virtual wire (vWire) which can span one or more physical machines. vWires on the same physical network can be VLAN-separated and support dynamic migration of virtual machines, which is an essential feature for hosting and cloud operators. vWires can be reduced to a set of rules and objects that can be easily modified or replicated. This ability is useful for abstracting out the application from the hardware and the network, and thus considerably facilitates management and hardware upgrade. The administrative model is simple yet powerful. It allows administrators to validate their network architecture, do performance and bottleneck analysis, and debug existing problems in physical networks by replicating them in virtual form within a box.
SENSE-SATION: An extensible platform for integration of phones into the Web (2010)

The “Web of Things” vision promotes the integration of smart devices into web, using web technologies and protocols as underlying interaction mechanisms with smart devices. Technically many phones include various sensors and provide a large-scale sensing platform. To make this functionality available to a large number of (web) developers our research aims at easing the creation of applications that use mobile context data (e.g., movement data). We present a sensing platform for mobile devices, called SENSE-SATION, which gathers and stores available information on a mobile phone and makes this information directly accessible via RESTful web services - locally and remotely. By using a concept of virtual sensors, the platform supports the full development process, from the initial idea via adapting/extending the platform to incremental development of virtual sensors and applications via Web 2.0 controls. Hence, (web) developers can create arbitrary context-aware applications that make use of mobile hardware capabilities without touching mobile phone programming at all. In this paper we discuss the design issues and provide case studies to describe how this platform can empower the development of social, context-aware applications.
Relay Ring-Closing Metathesis (RRCM):  A Strategy for Directing Metal Movement Throughout Olefin Metathesis Sequences (2004)

The title concept involves the use of structurally modified RCM substrates that contain extender arms, terminating in a remote reactive alkene. Initiation of an RCM sequence at that reactive alkene is followed by rapid intramolecular relay of the metal center to an initially less reactive alkene in the parent substrate. This permits one to control the relative timing (or direction) of a metathesis sequence. For example, one can reverse the inherent tendency of an unsymmetrical alpha,omega-diene substrate to close, say, left-to-right, to that of right-to-left. Four distinct types of application of the RRCM concept are demonstrated. Among other things, they show the preparation of tetrasubstituted electron-deficient alkenes using G1 [(Cy3P)2(Cl2)Ru=CHPh], complementary control of directionality (endedness), auxiliary benefits (enzyme specificity) from the incorporation of additional steric bulk, the activation of otherwise ineffective substrates for RCM closure, the use of unorthodox alkenes as initiation sites for ring closure, and control of product olefin geometry.
In Quest of Context (1972)

“Contextualism is the humility or teachableness which must inform every theological method. The reason it is so pragmatically tied to each emerging situation is because it is a training in the practice of discerning God's presence in ways anticipated by the tradition but genuinely novel in their own right.”
The Anticholinergic Risk Scale and Anticholinergic Adverse Effects in Older Persons (2008)

Higher ARS scores are associated with statistically significantly increased risk of anticholinergic adverse effects in older patients.