gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Signaling Complexes and Protein-Protein Interactions Involved in the Activation of the Ras and Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase Pathways by the c-Ret Receptor Tyrosine Kinase (2000)

Proximal signaling events and protein-protein interactions initiated after activation of the c-Ret receptor tyrosine kinase by its ligand, glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), were investigated in cells carrying native and mutated forms of this receptor. Mutation of Tyr-1062 (Y1062F) in the cytoplasmic tail of c-Ret abolished receptor binding and phosphorylation of the adaptor Shc and eliminated activation of Ras by GDNF. Phosphorylation of Erk kinases was also greatly attenuated but not eliminated by this mutation. This residual wave of Erk phosphorylation was independent of the kinase activity of c-Ret. Mutation of Tyr-1096 (Y1096F), a binding site for the adaptor Grb2, had no effect on Erk activation by GDNF. Activation of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K) and its downstream effector Akt was also reduced in the Y1062F mutant but not completely abolished unless Tyr-1096 was also mutated. Ligand stimulation of neuronal cells induced the assembly of a large protein complex containing c-Ret, Grb2, and tyrosine-phosphorylated forms of Shc, p85(PI3K), the adaptor Gab2, and the protein-tyrosine phosphatase SHP-2. In agreement with Ras-independent activation of PI3K by GDNF in neuronal cells, survival of sympathetic neurons induced by GDNF was dependent on PI3K but was not affected by microinjection of blocking anti-Ras antibodies, which did compromise neuronal survival by nerve growth factor, suggesting that Ras is not required for GDNF-induced survival of sympathetic neurons. These results indicate that upon ligand stimulation, at least two distinct protein complexes assemble on phosphorylated Tyr-1062 of c-Ret via Shc, one leading to activation of the Ras/Erk pathway through recruitment of Grb2/Sos and another to the PI3K/Akt pathway through recruitment of Grb2/Gab2 followed by p85(PI3K) and SHP-2. This latter complex can also assemble directly onto phosphorylated Tyr-1096, offering an alternative route to PI3K activation by GDNF.
Codes and Covenants (2009)

This chapter contains sections titled: General Declarations The United Nations: Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948) European Federation of Psychologists' Associations Codes Registration to Practise Codes for Cognate Professions What Codes Have in Common Public Service Two Quick Tests
Agency Relationships in Marketing: A Review of the Implications and Applications of Agency and Related Theories (1992)

Agency and related theories have proven useful as theoretical frameworks for examining relationships between principals and their agents in many disciplines. However, though marketing involves a wide array of agency relationships, agency-based research has only recently begun to be reported in the marketing literature. The authors therefore attempt to clarify the marketing implications of agency theory by describing its major constructs, the two different types of models embedded within the theory, and some closely related theoretical structures. They also critically review past and potential agency-based research in marketing and suggest ways in which marketers might contribute to improving its validity and usefulness.
HIPERLAN system performance under DCA and FCA (2002)

HIPERLAN is a high speed wireless LAN standard adopted by the ETSI. It operates in 150 MHz of spectrum in the 5 GHz band, with up to five TDD channels provided for duplex data transmission at up to 23.5 Mb/s. This paper shows that in the presence of cochannel cells and full link utilisation, HIPERLAN performs poorly when using its DCA-type clear channel assessment (CCA) scheme, and that the target performance levels are only achievable under optimal FCA-type channel assignments. Two main factors contribute to this poor performance: HIPERLAN has insufficient channels to meet C/I constraints in the presence of cochannel cells; and the CCA scheme results in poor channel distributions.
Functional Analysis of Genes (2010)

Summary The aim of this article is to present the current literature concerning the expression analysis and methods of functional characteristics of genes. The progress in the analysis of gene expression within cells or whole tissues is undisputed and leads to a constant improvement of our understanding of the function of particular gene. The traditional methods of the functional characteristics of genes such as homology, inactivation and overexpression are more frequently being replaced by microarray and DNA chip analysis, which are extensively supported by bioinformatics tools. Knowledge of the functions and changes in gene expression has applications in medical diagnostics, the pharmaceutical industry and in plant and animal biotechnology.
Structure of interleukin 1 .alpha. at 2.7-.ANG. resolution (1990)

The interleukin 1 (IL-1) family of proteins has a central role in modulating immune and inflammatory responses. Two major IL-1 proteins, designated alpha (IL-1 alpha) and beta (IL-1 beta), are produced by activated macrophages and other cell types. In an effort to understand the similarities and differences in the physicochemical and functional properties of these two proteins, a program was initiated to determine their structures. Crystals of IL-1 alpha were grown, and the three-dimensional structure at 2.7-A resolution was solved. The technique of multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion (MAD) with the selenomethionine form of IL-1 alpha was utilized in combination with a single mercury derivative to provide the starting phases. Partial refinement of the IL-1 alpha model has been performed as well. The overall structure is composed of 14 beta-strands and a 3(10) helix. The core of this structure is a capped beta-barrell that possesses 3-fold symmetry and displays a topology similar to that observed for IL-1 beta [Priestle, J. P., et al. (1988) EMBO J. 7, 339-343] and soybean trypsin inhibitor (STI) [McLachlan, A. D. (1979) J. Mol. Biol. 133, 557-563]. In this paper, the overall structure of IL-1 alpha and the nature and fidelity of the internal 3-fold symmetry are discussed. Comparisons with IL-1 beta and STI are made within these contexts.
Crohn's Disease: Diagnosis and Management. (2018)

Crohn's disease is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects the gastrointestinal tract. It can cause lesions from mouth to anus and may result in extraintestinal complications. The prevalence of Crohn's disease is increasing in adults and children. Genetic predispositions to Crohn's disease have been identified, and specific environmental factors have been associated with its development. Common presenting symptoms include diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. Physical examination should identify unstable patients requiring immediate care, include an anorectal examination, and look for extraintestinal complications. Initial laboratory evaluation identifies inflammation and screens for alternative diagnoses. Measurement of fecal calprotectin has value to rule out disease in adults and children. Endoscopy and cross-sectional imaging are used to confirm the diagnosis and determine the extent of disease. Treatment decisions are guided by disease severity and risk of poor outcomes. Patients commonly receive corticosteroids to treat symptom flare-ups. Patients with higher-risk disease are given biologics, with or without immunomodulators, to induce and maintain remission. For children, enteral nutrition is an option for induction therapy. All patients with Crohn's disease should be counseled on smoking avoidance or cessation. Patients with Crohn's disease are at increased risk of cancer, osteoporosis, anemia, nutritional deficiencies, depression, infection, and thrombotic events. Maximizing prevention measures is essential in caring for these patients.
Picosecond optical mixing in fast photodetectors (1986)

We report a simple optical correlation technique which is capable of measuring the intrinsic response speeds of fast photosensitive electronic devices. The appeal of the method is that neither high-speed electrical connections to a device nor cross-correlation measurements between two devices are required. An example is given of measurements of the response speed of a GaAs Schottky barrier photodiode. Under appropriate illumination conditions the detector is found to be sufficiently fast to be capable of replacing optical second harmonic generation techniques for monitoring the quality of a beam of 1.5 ps pulses.
Capacity Decay and Remediation of Nafion‐based All‐Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries (2012)

The relationship between electrochemical performance of vanadium redox flow batteries (VRBs) and electrolyte composition is investigated, and the reasons for capacity decay over charge-discharge cycling are analyzed and discussed herein. The results show that the reasons for capacity fading over real charge-discharge cycling include not only the imbalanced vanadium active species, but also the asymmetrical valence of vanadium ions in positive and negative electrolytes. The asymmetrical valence of vanadium ions leads to a state-of-charge (SOC)-range decrease in positive electrolytes and a SOC-range increase in negative electrolytes. As a result, the higher SOC range in negative half-cells further aggravates capacity fading by creating a higher overpotential and possible hydrogen evolution. Based on this finding, we developed two methods for restoring lost capacity, thereby enabling long-term operation of VRBs to be achieved without the substantial loss of energy resulting from periodic total remixing of electrolytes.
Basic Support for IPv6 Networks Operating Outside the Context of a Basic Service Set over IEEE Std 802.11 (2019)

This document provides methods and settings, for using IPv6 to
communicate among nodes within range of one another over a single IEEE
802.11-OCB link. Support for these methods and settings require
minimal changes to existing stacks. This document also describes
limitations associated with using these methods. Optimizations and
usage of IPv6 over more complex scenarios is not covered in this
specification and is subject of future work.
Facile reduction of pyridines with nickel-aluminum alloy (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTFacile reduction of pyridines with nickel-aluminum alloyGeorge Lunn and Eric B. SansoneCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1986, 51, 4, 513–517Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1986https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00354a021https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00354a021research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views2008Altmetric-Citations44LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Wideband HEMT MMIC low-noise amplifier with temperaturecompensation. (1994)

A wideband low-noise pseudomorphic HEMT MMIC variable-gain amplifier has been designed and fabricated. The amplifier has a nominal gain of 13 dB across the band 2 – 20 GHz, with gain flatness better than ±0.4 dB. The noise figure is less than 3 dB across the band 6 – 16 GHz. An on-chip temperature-sensing diode is used to provide a linear temperature correction which has been used to reduce the gain variation of the amplifier by a factor of 2 across the temperature range –50°C to + 95°C.
Specific inflammatory cytokines regulate the expression of human monocyte 15-lipoxygenase. (1992)

Arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase (arachidonate:oxygen 15-oxidoreductase, EC 1.13.11.33) is a lipid-peroxidating enzyme that is implicated in oxidizing low density lipoprotein to its atherogenic form. Monocyte/macrophage 15-lipoxygenase is present in human atherosclerotic lesions. To pursue a basis for induction of the enzyme, which is not present in blood monocytes, the ability of relevant cytokines to regulate its expression was investigated. Interleukin 4 (IL-4), among 16 factors tested, specifically induced 15-lipoxygenase mRNA and protein in cultured human monocytes. Interferon gamma and hydrocortisone inhibited this induction. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis of lipid extracts from IL-4-treated monocytes detected 15-lipoxygenase products esterified to the cellular membrane lipids, indicating enzymatic action on endogenous substrates. Stimulation of IL-4-treated monocytes with calcium ionophore or opsonized zymosan A enhanced the formation of 15-lipoxygenase products. These data identify IL-4 and interferon gamma as physiological regulators of lipoxygenase expression and suggest an important link between 15-lipoxygenase function and the immune/inflammatory response in atherosclerosis as well as other diseases.
Digital recursive oscillator with reduced frequency versus temperature dependency utilizing a dual-mode crystal oscillator (2006)

The paper deals with a reduction of static frequency vs. temperature (f-T) dependency of digitally generated sinusoidal signals. The f-T dependency reduction is based on a self-temperature-sensing of a quartz crystal in dual-mode crystal oscillator, which produces the reference clock. We have proposed a digital oscillator, which automatically compensates the f-T dependency of its sampling clock over a wide range of operating temperatures. Numerical accuracy limitation of the oscillator due to finite word-length arithmetic is also analyzed in this article
The Regulation of Endosteal Bone Volume (1979)

The sheet music for 'Teddy Roosevelt Waltz 1906' was written by Lillian Macomber, arranged by Charles Miller. The title is in red block lettering at the top of the page. An oval portrait of Lillian Macomber is in the center of the page, bordered by two oil lamps. The cover design is blue on a white background.
STAT3 Protein Up-regulates Gα-interacting Vesicle-associated Protein (GIV)/Girdin Expression, and GIV Enhances STAT3 Activation in a Positive Feedback Loop during Wound Healing and Tumor Invasion/Metastasis (2012)

Gα-interacting vesicle-associated protein (GIV) is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that modulates key signaling pathways during a diverse set of biological processes, e.g. wound healing, macrophage chemotaxis, tumor angiogenesis, vascular repair, and cancer invasion/metastasis. We recently demonstrated that GIV is a metastasis-related protein, which serves both as a therapeutic target and as a biomarker for prognostication in cancer patients. Here we report the discovery that GIV is a direct target of the transcription factor signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3), which is commonly known as a central regulator of tumor metastasis. We identified a single STAT3-binding site on the GIV promoter that was necessary and sufficient for transcriptional activation of GIV during wound healing and cancer invasion. Immunohistochemical analysis of breast carcinomas showed significant correlation between STAT3 activation and elevated GIV expression. Furthermore, we provide evidence that GIV positively autoregulates its own transcription by enhancing STAT3 activation via its guanine nucleotide exchange factor activity. Our findings provide mechanistic insights into how STAT3 activation is directly integrated with the receptor tyrosine kinase-GIV-G protein signaling axis. The forward feedback regulation we describe here between GIV and STAT3 may have profound therapeutic implications for cancer and epithelial regeneration/repair and could help invent novel approaches in treating and prognosticating cancer.
Echo-Planar-Imaging Studies of Turbulent Flow (1996)

The dependence of the NMR signal from turbulent flow in echo-planar images on flow rate has been investigated for pipe flow, for Reynolds’ numbers up to 6300. The short imaging time possible using echo-planar images essentially “freezes” the random motion of turbulent fluids and permits the study of individual eddies and intermittency. By use of appropriate approximations, the magnitude signal can be related to the fluid velocity shear in one direction. Sequential images of pipe flow have been analyzed to characterize the temporal and spatial characteristics of pipe flow at, below, and above the onset of turbulence. These experiments show that echo-planar imaging may have unique advantages for the spatial mapping and temporal characterization of some turbulent flows.
Deficiency of 5-Lipoxygenase Accelerates Renal Allograft Rejection in Mice (2001)

Acute renal allograft rejection is associated with alterations in renal arachidonic acid metabolism, including enhanced synthesis of leukotrienes (LTs). LTs, the products of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO) pathway, are potent lipid mediators with a broad range of biologic activities. Previous studies, using pharmacological agents to inhibit LT synthesis or activity, have implicated these eicosanoids in transplant rejection. To further investigate the role of LTs in acute graft rejection, we transplanted kidneys from CByD2F1 mice into fully allogeneic 129 mice that carry a targeted mutation in the 5lo gene. Unexpectedly, allograft rejection was significantly accelerated in 5-LO-deficient mice compared with wild-type animals. Despite the marked reduction in graft survival, the 5lo mutation had no effect on the hemodynamics or morphology of the allografts. Although LTB4 levels were reduced, renal thromboxane B2 production and cytokine expression were not altered in 5-LO-deficient allograft recipients. These findings suggest that, along with their proinflammatory actions, metabolites of 5-LO can act to enhance allograft survival.
Urinary Retention and Post-Void Residual Urine in Men: Separating Truth From Tradition (2008)

Clinicians are adopting less invasive approaches (eg pharmacology or catheterization) to treating patients who present with the symptoms, sign, and condition of urinary retention. Faced with an abundance of new data on acute urinary retention, urologists need to reach a consensus about the risks of urinary retention; this may promote movement toward patient centered prevention strategies with tailored treatment options.
Epithelial stem cell mutations that promote squamous cell carcinoma metastasis (2013)

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) originate in stratified epithelia, with a small subset becoming metastatic. Epithelial stem cells are targets for driver mutations that give rise to SCCs, but it is unknown whether they contribute to oncogenic multipotency and metastasis. We developed a mouse model of SCC by targeting two frequent genetic mutations in human SCCs, oncogene Kras(G12D) activation and Smad4 deletion, to mouse keratin 15-expressing (K15+) stem cells. We show that transgenic mice developed multilineage tumors, including metastatic SCCs. Among cancer stem cell-enriched (CSC-enriched) populations, those with increased side population (SP) cells correlated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and lung metastasis. We show that microRNA-9 (miR-9) contributed to SP expansion and metastasis, and miR-9 inhibition reduced the number of SP cells and metastasis. Increased miR-9 was detected in metastatic human primary SCCs and SCC metastases, and miR-9-transduced human SCC cells exhibited increased invasion. We identified α-catenin as a predominant miR-9 target. Increased miR-9 in human SCC metastases correlated with α-catenin loss but not E-cadherin loss. Our results demonstrate that stem cells with Kras(G12D) activation and Smad4 depletion can produce tumors that are multipotent and susceptible to EMT and metastasis. Additionally, tumor initiation and metastatic properties of CSCs can be uncoupled, with miR-9 regulating the expansion of metastatic CSCs.
The possible chelating effect of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) in nickel allergic patients. Patch test procedures with nickel on DDC pretreated skin. (1982)

Encouraged by some reports about the chelating effect of p.o. given sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC) in nickel allergic patients, some experiments were performed to determinate the blocking effect of locally applied DDC on positive patch test reactions with nickel. Two groups of nickel allergic patients were patch tested with different concentrations of nickel sulphate on with DDC treated skin. Control patch tests were done on areas which were pretreated with the creambase only. In one group 10% DDC in the cream was applied under 24 h occlusion; in this group also a nickel coin was tested. In the second group of patients the DDC cream was rubbed four times during 24 h without occlusion. In both groups there were no statistical differences regarding the reactions on skin pretreated with DDC and with the cream base. From this investigation it may be concluded that there is no indication that a DDC-containing barriercream will be of great help in patients with occupational dermatitis, which is especially due to nickel sensitization.
Synthesis and x-ray crystal structure of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) complexes of samarium and europium: (C5Me5)2Sm and (C5Me5)2Eu (1986)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSynthesis and x-ray crystal structure of bis(pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) complexes of samarium and europium: (C5Me5)2Sm and (C5Me5)2EuWilliam J. Evans, Laura A. Hughes, and Timothy P. HanusaCite this: Organometallics 1986, 5, 7, 1285–1291Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1986Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1986https://doi.org/10.1021/om00138a001RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views1007Altmetric-Citations178LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (924 KB) Get e-AlertsSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts