gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Topical nutlin‐3a does not decrease photocarcinogenesis induced by simulated solar radiation in hairless mice (2012)

Nutlin-3a had no reductive effect on photocarcinogenesis and we do not believe in nutlin-3a as a potential drug against DNA damage in a topical formulation for organ transplant patients.
Cardiotoxicity of Catecholamines after Application of L-DOPA in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) and Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) (1995)

In order to estimate the role of the sympatho-adrenal system as a trigger in cardiovascular mortality risk after L-DOPA administration in patients with Parkinsons disease we performed the following experiments in normotensive Wistar-Kyoto-rats (WKY) and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). L-DOPA was given orally in increasing doses (30, 100, 300 mg/kg b.w.). Haemodynamic parameters (BP, HR) were measured by tail cuff plethysmography and catecholamine concentrations in tissues assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography. Stressful situations were induced by experimental myocardial infarction. After administration of L-DOPA a dose-dependent increase in blood pressure in both WKY and SHR was observed with a prolongation in SHR. Significantly increased concentrations of dopamine in the hearts were measured in both strains. Noradrenaline stores in the heart of WKY were more filled than in the heart of SHR. Only in SHR high adrenaline concentration in the adrenal medulla were measured after L-DOPA administration. Circulating adrenaline concentrations were significantly enhanced after myocardial infarction in WKY and could be further elevated by pretreatment with L-DOPA. From the results obtained it is concluded that L-DOPA administration in WKY and SHR leads to exaggerate synthesis and massive release of catecholamines and in consequence to an enhanced cardiovascular mortality risk due to cardiotoxicity of catecholamines. It can be extrapolated that increased cardiovascular mortality risk seen in Parkinson patients treated with L-DOPA and benzerazide is probably associated with increased synthesis and release of catecholamines during stressful situations.
Shorter Notices (1987)

Shorter Notices Get access D. H. PENNINGTON D. H. PENNINGTON Balliol CollegeOxford Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The English Historical Review, Volume CII, Issue 403, April 1987, Pages 494–495, https://doi.org/10.1093/ehr/CII.403.494 Published: 01 April 1987
Monochromatic polarized coherent emitter enhanced by surface plasmons and a cavity resonance (2006)

In this paper we propose and analyze a design of multilayer nanostructure that could be used as a tunable monochromatic polarized thermal emitter in the visible region for any direction with large temporal coherence and spatial coherence extending into the far field. The thermal emitter has a cavity that is surrounded by a thin silver grating having converging-diverging channel on one side and by a one-dimensional (1D) photonic crystal (PhC) on the other side. The large coherence length is achieved by making use of the coherence properties of the surface waves. Due to the nature of surface waves the new multilayer structure can attain the spectral and directional control of thermal radiation with only $p$ polarization. Finite element method was used for analyzing the emission properties of the thermal emitter. The resonance condition inside the cavity is extremely sensitive to the wavelength, which would then lead to high emission in a very narrow wavelength band. Such simple 1D multilayer structure should be easy to fabricate and have applications in photonic circuits, thermophotovoltaics and potentially in energy efficient incandescent sources.
Protective effect of insulin on ischemia and reperfusion injury in kidney tubules cells (2005)

Objective: To investigate the protective effect of insulin on ischemia and reperfusion injury in kidney tubules cells. Methods: The model of injured kidney tubules cells was established. The kidney tubules cells were randomly divided into three groups, which were cultured with control serum (SC group), reperfusion injury serum (SIR group) and reperfusion injury serum plus insulin (IN group) respectively for 48 hours. And the activities of SOD, SDH, Ca2+-ATPase, NO in kidney tubules cells and the content of MDA, LDH were determined by spectrophotometer. The activities of SDH in kidney tubules cells were detected by cytochemical analysis. Results: Compared with SIR group, the activities of SOD, SDH, Ca2+-ATPase in cells increased significantly and the content of MDA, LDH, NO in cultured medium decreased significantly in IN group(P0.05). Cytochemical analysis showed that SDH granules were darker and denser in IN group, but lighter and looser in SIR group. Conclusion: Insulin significantly protects kidney tubules cells against IR injury, probably by reducing oxygen free radicals (OFR) production, reinforcing cellular anti-oxidizing competence, and ameliorating energy metabolism.
Prevention of Calcification of Tissue Valves (1994)

In this study an attempt was made to find an optimum method of chemical treatment to prevent the calcification of bioprosthetic heart valves. Bovine pericardium was washed in a 5% sodium chloride solution followed by trypsin (Tr) treatment and was kept in 0.1% glutaraldehyde (GA) with a gradual increase in concentration up to 0.25% GA and finally posttreated with a 4% chitosan (Ch) solution. Fresh, 0.2% GA, 0.625% GA, and sodium chloride-Tr-GA treated pericardial samples were taken for comparative study. Tensile testing showed comparable strength and elongation at the breaking point for all groups. The thermal shrinkage studies indicated merit of the proposed treatment (5% sodium chloride-trypsin-glutaraldehyde treated pericardia with chitosan and without chitosan posttreatment). Collagenase assay showed that all differently treated (GA) materials were equally resistant to collagenase. All samples were implanted subcutaneously in rats for 2, 4, 8, or 12 weeks for calcification study. Morphological and mineral analyses showed complete prevention of calcification in sodium chloride-trypsin-GA-chitosan treated pericardium (Ca was 1.1 +/- 0.27 mg/g, von Kossa 0) at the 12th week of implantation.
Haloalkyltetrazole and Aminoalkyltetrazole Derivatives (1952)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTHaloalkyltetrazole and Aminoalkyltetrazole DerivativesEdward K. Harvill, Robert M. Herbst, and Elizabeth G. SchreinerCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1952, 17, 12, 1597–1616Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1952Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1952https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo50012a006https://doi.org/10.1021/jo50012a006research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views374Altmetric-Citations20LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
An 850-nm Normal-Incidence Germanium Metal–Semiconductor–Metal Photodetector With 13-GHz Bandwidth and 8-$\mu$A Dark Current (2010)

This letter presents a new germanium metal-semiconductor-metal photodetector (PD), in which an amorphous silicon (a-Si) layer is added on top of the undoped germanium substrate. The a-Si under the Ti-Au contacts serves as a barrier enhancement layer and mitigates Schottky barrier height lowering due to fermi-level pinning, hence reducing dark current. In the active region, the a-Si layer passivates surface states, thus preventing low-frequency gain due to charge accumulation and image force lowering, and improving the device bandwidth. A prototype PD with an area of 47 × 47 μm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> with 2-μm contact spacing and 1.25-μm contact width achieved a small-signal 3-dB bandwidth over 10 GHz. In an ultrafast electrooptic sampling measurement, its impulse response exhibited 15-ps pulsewidth and 30-ps rise time, which corresponds to 13-GHz bandwidth. The measured PD capacitance was 40 fF. The responsivity and dark current were 0.23 A/W and 8 μA, respectively, at 850-nm wavelength and 7-V bias.
Quantification of Antioxidant Capacity in a Microemulsion System: Synergistic Effects of Chlorogenic Acid with α-Tocopherol (2009)

We report herein a characterization of an oil-in-water (o/w) microemulsion consisting of 12% methyl linoleate (or styrene in weight %), 29% surfactant Tween-20, 15% n-butanol, and 44% 75 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.04). The oil phase droplet size, determined by dynamic light scattering, is 19.3 nm with polydispersity at 0.103. When methyl linoleate is replaced with styrene, the droplet size increases to 63 nm but with much narrower polydispersity at 0.047. The droplet size of styrene is confirmed by polymerization of the styrene in the microemulsion. The polystyrene particles isolated have diameters of ∼70 nm determined by a scanning electronic microscope. Both microemulsions remain stable for two months as expected for a thermodynamically stable system. The methyl linoleate oxidation is induced by AAPH, and the effects of radical scavengers are evaluated in a high throughput fashion using an oxygen sensor coated 96-well microplate Oxygen Biosensor Systems. From the oxygen consumption kinetic curves, the antioxidant capacity can be calculated using Trolox as the standard. The synergistic effect of hydrophilic antioxidants and α-tocopherol was measured for representative flavonoids. Chlorogenic acid has the best synergistic effect of 44.8%. The assay, coined as ORACE standing for oxygen radical absorbance capacity in microemulsion, provides a model system in evaluating antioxidant capacity of phenolic compounds in a heterogeneous system relevant to food and cosmetic applications.
Synthesis of Soluble Octasubstituted Phthalocyaninatoplatinum and -palladium Complexes (1993)

The octasubstituted phthalocyaninatoplatinum and -palladium compounds 7a-d soluble in common organic solvents were synthesized from the corresponding substituted 1,2-dicyanobenzenes 5a-c via the 1,3-diimino-1,3-dihydroisoindoles 6a-c according to pathways A, B, and C.
Thermal Modeling for Characterization of Near Wellbore Zone and Zonal Allocation (2010)

Abstract This paper describes a new method based on the analysis of non-steady state wellbore temperature distributions impacted by geothermal temperature profile, Joule-Thomson and adiabatic effects in reservoir flow to describe near wellbore parameters such as permeability distribution and to estimate flow rate distribution between producing layers. The solution of the inverse problem with respect to parameters of near wellbore zone is based on the quantitative analysis of the transient baro-thermal effects resulting from the single-phase fluid flow from the reservoir into the wellbore. In the steady state case the reservoir thermal effect is the same as the throttling (Joule-Thomson) one. It is reduced to the adiabatic effect while the fluid is stagnant. In the general case for non-steady state flow the change of reservoir fluid temperature is a combination of frictional heating and cooling resulting from the expansion of the fluid. Non-isothermal well testing (NIT) relies on the analysis of these fluid temperature changes. The method discussed in this paper allows evaluating parameters of near wellbore region (permeability and radius of damaged zone) and could be complimentary to the conventional well testing practices for a single-layer reservoir and to estimate flow rate distribution among the pay zones in a multi-layer case (zonal allocation). The paper develops mathematical models and presents the results of numerical simulation for transient processes after the start of the production phase and during well test operations including multi-rate testing. Limited to the particular cases of unsteady processes after specific wellbore operations (changes of production regimes and shut-ins), the transient analytical solutions assume that the fluid may be considered incompressible and that no conductive heat transfer occurs. In order to take into account compressibility and thermal conductivity, detailed numerical modeling has been performed. The paper compares the numerical results to experimental data and shows that the fluid heat capacity in wellbore perforated zone must be considered for appropriate interpretation of initial bottomhole temperature change versus time, in particular for small rates. Based on the analysis of the simulation results, an inverse model solution for the estimation of the near wellbore zone parameters from reservoir fluid temperature and wellbore pressure transients is proposed. The method comprises first-order estimation from analytical solution and their further numerical refinements by non-linear regression for the system "reservoir-wellbore". Example of interpretation of non-isothermal well testing field data is presented demonstrating the usefulness of this new methodology.
Low expression of β<sub>1</sub>, α<sub>2</sub> and α<sub>3</sub> subunits of VLA integrins in malignant mammary tumours (1991)

The Very Late Antigens (VLAs) are alpha beta heterodimeric transmembrane proteins mediating cell-substratum as well as cell-cell interactions. Changes in their expression and/or function seem to occur in a number of invasive carcinomas and may at least in part explain their abnormal patterns of growth and differentiation. Using monoclonal antibodies to the beta 1 (DH12, A1A-5), alpha 2 (B1.515) and alpha 3 (E1.56) chains, VLA-2 (alpha 2 beta 1) and VLA-3 (alpha 3 beta 1) were studied on cryostat sections of three fibroadenomas and 43 invasive breast carcinomas (29 ductal, 14 lobular) by the avidin-biotin complex immunoperoxidase technique. In non-neoplastic breast tissue and in fibroadenomas VLA-2 and VLA-3 were expressed by myoepithelial cells and on the basolateral surface of the luminal cells. There was weak or absent expression of alpha 2, alpha 3 and the common beta 1 chain in the majority of invasive carcinomas compared to the adjacent normal breast epithelium and preinvasive (in-situ) carcinomas. In addition, the expression of the alpha 2 chain of VLA-2 was reduced significantly (P less than 0.005) in the poorly differentiated ductal breast carcinomas (Grade III) compared to the well (Grade I) and moderately (Grade II) differentiated ductal tumours. These data give further evidence that loss or down-regulation of VLA-2 and VLA-3 occur relatively frequently in invasive cancers, and, at least in the invasive ductal breast carcinomas. Loss of an extracellular matrix receptor controlling growth and differentiation seems to be one of the abnormalities underlying the progression towards an undifferentiated morphology.
Introduction to optical fiber communication systems (1988)

Introduction 1. Communication Systems 2. Light and Electromagnetic Waves 3. Dielectric Waveguides and Optical Fibers 4. Electroluminescence and Light-Emitting Diodes 5. Lasers 6. Photodetectors 7. Optical Receivers 8. Optical Fiber Communication Systems Appendices A. List of Symbols and Acronyms B. Physical Constants C. Properties of Semiconductor Materials D. S1 Units E. Greek Alphabet F. Answers to Selected Problems
Multiple Pathways Differentially Regulate Global Oxidative Stress Responses in Fission Yeast (2007)

Cellular protection against oxidative damage is relevant to ageing and numerous diseases. We analyzed the diversity of genome-wide gene expression programs and their regulation in response to various types and doses of oxidants in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A small core gene set, regulated by the AP-1-like factor Pap1p and the two-component regulator Prr1p, was universally induced irrespective of oxidant and dose. Strong oxidative stresses led to a much larger transcriptional response. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) Sty1p and the bZIP factor Atf1p were critical for the response to hydrogen peroxide. A newly identified zinc-finger protein, Hsr1p, is uniquely regulated by all three major regulatory systems (Sty1p-Atf1p, Pap1p, and Prr1p) and in turn globally supports gene expression in response to hydrogen peroxide. Although the overall transcriptional responses to hydrogen peroxide and t-butylhydroperoxide were similar, to our surprise, Sty1p and Atf1p were less critical for the response to the latter. Instead, another MAPK, Pmk1p, was involved in surviving this stress, although Pmk1p played only a minor role in regulating the transcriptional response. These data reveal a considerable plasticity and differential control of regulatory pathways in distinct oxidative stress conditions, providing both specificity and backup for protection from oxidative damage.
Control of Formation of Two Distinct Classes of RNA Polymerase II Elongation Complexes (1992)

We have examined elongation by RNA polymerase II initiated at a promoter and have identified two classes of elongation complexes. Following initiation at a promoter, all polymerase molecules enter an abortive mode of elongation. Abortive elongation is characterized by the rapid generation of short transcripts due to pausing of the polymerase followed by termination of transcription. Termination of the early elongation complexes can be suppressed by the addition of 250 mM KCl or 1 mg of heparin per ml soon after initiation. Elongation complexes of the second class carry out productive elongation in which long transcripts can be synthesized. Productive elongation complexes are derived from early paused elongation complexes by the action of a factor which we call P-TEF (positive transcription elongation factor). P-TEF is inhibited by 5,6-dichloro-1-beta-D-ribofuranosylbenzimidazole at concentrations which have no effect on the initiation of transcription. By using templates immobilized on paramagnetic particles, we show that isolated preinitiation complexes lack P-TEF and give rise to transcription complexes which can carry out only abortive elongation. The ability to carry out productive elongation can be restored to isolated transcription complexes by the addition of P-TEF after initiation. A model is presented which describes the role of elongation factors in the formation and maintenance of elongation complexes. The model is consistent with the available in vivo data concerning control of elongation and is used to predict the outcome of other potential in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Thrombospondin 1 inhibits inflammatory lymphangiogenesis by CD36 ligation on monocytes (2011)

Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in tumor metastasis and transplant outcome. Here, we show that thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1), a multifunctional extracellular matrix protein and naturally occurring inhibitor of angiogenesis inhibits lymphangiogenesis in mice. Compared with wild-type mice, 6-mo-old TSP-1-deficient mice develop increased spontaneous corneal lymphangiogenesis. Similarly, in a model of inflammation-induced corneal neovascularization, young TSP-1-deficient mice develop exacerbated lymphangiogenesis, which can be reversed by topical application of recombinant human TSP-1. Such increased corneal lymphangiogenesis is also detected in mice lacking CD36, a receptor for TSP-1. In these mice, repopulation of corneal macrophages with predominantly WT mice via bone marrow reconstitution ameliorates their prolymphangiogenic phenotype. In vitro, exposure of WT macrophages to TSP-1 suppresses expression of lymphangiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-C and VEGF-D, but not of a primarily hemangiogenic factor VEGF-A. Inhibition of VEGF-C is not detected in the absence or blockade of CD36. These findings suggest that TSP-1, by ligating CD36 on monocytic cells, acts as an endogenous inhibitor of lymphangiogenesis.
Spontaneously Formed FePt Graded Granular Media With a Large Gain Factor (2012)

In conventional magnetic recording media fabrication processes, magnetically soft regions of composite or graded material are prepared by varying either the substrate temperature or the film composition during deposition. In this work, ultrathin FePt granular media with graded composition was fabricated directly by spontaneous layer diffusion between FePt and Pt layers during the film deposition. Electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis on individual FePt columnar grains identified the composition distribution of Fe and confirmed the Fe composition gradient. A large “gain factor” of 3.74, indicative of a relatively high-thermal energy barrier, was obtained in this spontaneously formed FePt graded granular media.
Designing Drill-in Fluids by Using Ideal Packing Technique (2007)

选择适当地衔接代理人是在设计非损坏或低损坏的钻在里面液体的一个关键因素。历史上， Abrams 统治被用于这个目的。然而， Abrams 统治仅仅探讨要求开始一座桥的粒子的尺寸。规则不为最小化液体侵略并且优化封上给一种最佳尺寸也不一个理想的收拾行李序列。这份报纸详细描述一条理想的收拾行李途径到由与不同尺寸封上毛孔解决封上的问题，特别通常有效地做主导的贡献到渗透并且从而阻止固体并且从入侵进形成钻在里面液体过滤的那些大毛孔，与通常使用的技术相比。实际软件被开发了优化几的相配的比例衔接代理人，以便完成理想的收拾行李的有效性。在选择几的最好相配的比例衔接代理人的方法和它的使用是也在这讨论了纸。由使用理想的收拾行李技术的小心地设计的钻在里面液体(说出 IPT 液体) 为近海的钻在 Weizhou 油矿的操作，南海·韦斯特同伴， CNOOC 被介绍。从用水库核心的动态损坏测试的近的 100% 回来渗透表明了这钻在里面液体提供的优秀衔接效果。
The expression of the<i>c-kit</i>receptor by epidermal melanocytes may be reduced in vitiligo (1996)

The proto-oncogene c-kit encodes the transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor that has a role in the growth regulation of various cell types including melanocytes. In the present study we have examined the expression of the c-kit protein in the skin of seven patients with vitiligo. Melanocytes positive for c-kit protein were observed in the basal layer in non-lesional skin and the mean number of 25.8 +/- 5.2 (per 200 basal cells) compared with that of 21.8 +/- 3.5 from six control subjects. In perilesional skin there was a reduction in the numbers of c-kit positive melanocytes (6.7 +/- 2.6) and this was especially noticeable in six of the seven patients. Such a reduction was less obvious following staining with MEL-5 and in only two subjects were the numbers of melanocytes below the normal range. This suggests that the reduction in c-kit staining was the result of decreased expression of the protein rather than a loss of melanocytes. No melanocytes, positive for c-kit protein, or after staining with MEL-5, were identified in lesional skin although isolated tyrosinase-positive melanocytes were seen in one subject. There was no apparent change in the numbers of mast cells expressing c-kit protein and the intensity of staining in the dermis even in lesional skin was similar to that in the controls. These results demonstrate that c-kit protein is present on melanocytes in adult human skin and that in perilesional skin of some vitiligo patients there is a reduction in the numbers of melanocytes expressing this receptor. Whether this may contribute to the defective melanocyte growth and/or survival that occurs in vitiligo or whether it is a consequence of melanocyte damage remains to be seen.