gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Design of Chimeric Receptor Mimics with Different TcRVβ Isoforms (2004)

The Staphylococcus aureus enterotoxins (S.E.) A-I, and toxic-shock syndrome toxin TSST-1 act as superantigens to cause overstimulation of the host immune system, leading to the onset of various diseases including food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome. SAgs bind as intact proteins to the DRalpha1 domain of the MHC class II receptor and the TcRVbeta domain from the T cell receptor and cause excessive release of cytokines such as IL-2, TNF-alpha, and IFN-gamma, and hyperproliferation of T cells. In addition, different SAgs bind and activate different TcRVbeta isoforms during pathogenesis of human immune cells. These two properties of SAgs prompted us to design several chimeric DRalpha1-linker-TcRVbeta proteins using different TcRVbeta isoforms to create chimeras that would specifically inhibit the pathogenesis of SAgs against which they were designed. In this study, we compare the design, interaction, and inhibitory properties of three different DRalpha1-linker-TcRVbeta chimeras targeted against three different SAgs, SEB, SEC3, and TSST-1. The inhibitory properties of the chimeras were tested by monitoring IL-2 release and T cell proliferation using a primary human cell model. We demonstrate that the three chimeras specifically inhibit the pathogenesis of their target superantigen. We performed molecular modeling to analyze the structural basis of the type specificity exhibited by different chimeras designed against their target SAgs, examine the role of the linker in determining binding and specificity, and suggest site-specific mutations in the chimera to enhance binding affinity. The fact that our strategy works equally well for SEB and TSST-1, two widely different phylogenic variants, suggests that the DRalpha1-linker-TcRVbeta chimeras may be developed as a general therapy against a broad spectrum of superantigens released during Staphylococcal infection.
Subdiffraction and spatial filtering due to periodic spatial modulation of the gain/loss profile (2009)

It is well known, that the materials with the refractive index modulated in space on the wavelength scale, i.e. the photonic crystals (PCs), bring about a significant modification of the propagation properties of waves, both in time and space domains. In time domain the usual (temporal) dispersion is modified, and photonic band gaps appear in the frequency spectra. In the space domain, the spatial dispersion (diffraction) can also be modified, which leads to negative diffraction, also to self-collimation (also called diffractionless or subdiffractive propagation.
Differential Thermal Analysis (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTDifferential Thermal AnalysisC. B. MurphyCite this: Anal. Chem. 1958, 30, 4, 867–872Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1958Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1958https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ac50163a033https://doi.org/10.1021/ac50163a033research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views696Altmetric-Citations21LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Computer design of liquid filters made of aqueous solutions of transition metal ions (1981)

The transmission spectra of aqueous solutions of transition metal ions have been measured. The use of a combination of different ions makes it possible to obtain filters of adjustable transmission peak and bandwidth. A computer method has been developed for fast calculation of optimized filters. Use of these filters with high-intensity sources is discussed.
Detection of Short Protein Coding Regions within the Cyanobacterium Genome: Application of the Hidden Markov Model (1996)

The gene-finding programs developed so far have not paid much attention to the detection of short protein coding regions (CDSs). However, the detection of short CDSs is important for the study of photosynthesis. We utilized GeneHacker, a gene-finding program based on the hidden Markov model (HMM), to detect short CDSs (from 90 to 300 bases) in a 1.0 mega contiguous sequence of cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. strain PCC6803 which carries a complete set of genes for oxygenic photosynthesis. GeneHacker differs from other gene-finding programs based on the HMM in that it utilizes di-codon statistics as well. GeneHacker successfully detected seven out of the eight short CDSs annotated in this sequence and was clearly superior to GeneMark in this range of length. GeneHacker detected 94 potentially new CDSs, 9 of which have counterparts in the genetic databases. Four of the nine CDSs were less than 150 bases and were photosynthesis-related genes. The results show the effectiveness of GeneHacker in detecting very short CDSs corresponding to genes.
Vasomolol: An Ultra Short-Acting and Vasorelaxant Vanilloid Type β1-Adrenoceptor Antagonist (1996)

The ultra-short-acting and vasorelaxant beta 1-adrenoceptor blocking activities of vasomolol, a guaiacoxypropanolamine derivative of vanillic acid ethyl ester, were studied. Vasomolol (0.5, 1.0, 3.0 mg/kg intravenously, i.v.) produced a dose-dependent bradycardia response and demonstrated particularly a hypotensive action with an ultra-short-acting property in pentobarbital-anesthetized normotensive rats. Vasomolol's steady state of beta-blockade was attained < or = 10 min after initial infusion, and a rapid recovery from blockade occurred after discontinuation of the infusion, although intravenous infusion of vasomolol (300 micrograms/kg/min) could not inhibit pressor responses induced by (-)phenylephrine (10 micrograms/kg i.v.). In isolated rat thoracic aorta, vasomolol (1-10 microM) inhibited vascular smooth muscle contractions induced by both (-)phenylephrine (10(-5) M) and high K+ (75 mM) concentration dependently. This inhibitory effect of vasomolol was more sensitive on K(+)-induced than on (-)phenylephrine-induced contractions, suggesting that the block of Ca2+ influx may involve the major mechanism of vasorelaxation. In isolated guinea pig tissues, vasomolol (0.01-10 microM) antagonized the (-)isoproterenol (ISO)-induced positive inotropic and chronotropic effects of the atria and tracheal relaxation responses in a concentration-dependent manner. The parallel shift to the right of the concentration-response curve of (-)ISO suggested that vasomolol was a beta-adrenoceptor competitive antagonist. The effect of vasomolol was more potent on atria than on tracheal tissues, indicating that it possesses beta 1-adrenoceptor selectivity. In addition, vasomolol did not show intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA). Moreover, the binding characteristics of vasomolol were evaluated in [3H]dihydroalprenolol ([3H]DHA) binding to porcine ventricular membranes. Vasomolol was an ultra-short-acting and highly selective beta 1-adrenoceptor antagonist with vasorelaxant activity and is devoid of ISA.
Synthesis, Characterization, Self-Assembly, and Physical Properties of 11-Methylbenzo[<i>d</i>]pyreno[4,5-<i>b</i>]furan (2011)

Synthesis, structure, and physical properties of a novel 11-methylbenzo[d]pyreno[4,5-b]furan (BPF) and its self-assembly in water have been reported. The performance of nanowire-based films in organic light-emitting diodes is much better than that of the thin film deposited by directly drop-coating BPF molecules in THF solution. SEM study indicates that the well-organized structure (nanowires) is an important factor in enhancing the performance of OLED devices.
Structure and functions of arrestins (1994)

Transmembrane signal transductions in a variety of cell types that mediate signals as diverse as those carried by neurotransmitters, hormones, and sensory signals share basic biochemical mechanisms that include: (1) an extracellular perturbation (neurotransmitter, hormone, odor, light); (2) specific receptors; (3) coupling proteins, such as G proteins; and (4) effector enzymes or ion channels. Parallel to these amplification reactions, receptors are precisely inactivated by mechanisms that involve protein kinases and regulatory proteins called arrestins. The structure and functions of arrestins are the focus of this review.
Oxidative DNA damage and DNA repair enzyme expression are inversely related in murine models of fatty liver disease (2004)

Mitochondrial generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is increased in mice with fatty livers induced by genetic obesity, chronic consumption of ethanol, or methionine/choline-deficient diets. Both nuclear and mitochondrial (mt) DNA are targets for ROS-induced damage and accumulate hydroxylated bases, such as 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxoG) and base substitution of adenine with 8-oxoG (A*8-oxoG), that introduce mutations that promote cancer as well as cell death. The mammalian homolog of the bacterial DNA mismatch repair enzyme MutY (MYH) removes A*8-oxoG from nuclear and mtDNA, reduces 8-oxoG accumulation, and restores genomic stability after ROS exposure. Cumulative damage to mtDNA occurs as fatty liver disease progresses. Therefore, differences in hepatic MYH activity may influence the severity of fatty liver disease. To evaluate this hypothesis, we compared mtH2O2 production, MYH expression, oxidative DNA damage, and hepatocyte death in healthy mice and different mouse models of fatty liver disease. The results show that diverse causes of steatohepatitis increase mtROS production, limit repair of mtDNA, and oxidatively damage DNA. However, there are important differences in the DNA repair response to oxidant stress among mouse models of fatty liver disease. Independent of the degree of mtROS generation, models with the least MYH exhibit the greatest accumulation of 8-oxoG and the most hepatocyte death. These findings raise the intriguing possibility that inherited or acquired differences in DNA repair enzyme activity may underlie some of the interindividual differences in fatty liver disease outcomes.
Effect of Stoichiometry on the Dielectric Properties and Life Performance of (Pb <sub>0.875</sub> Ba <sub>0.125</sub> )[(Mg <sub>1/3</sub> Nb <sub>2/3</sub> ) <sub>0.5</sub> (Zn <sub>1/3</sub> Nb <sub>2/3</sub> ) <sub>0.3</sub> Ti <sub>0.2</sub> ]O <sub>3</sub> Relaxor Dielectric Ceramic: Part II, Life Performance (1993)

The accelerated life performance of a partially A‐site substituted relaxor dielectric ceramic, (Pb 0.875 Ba 0.125 ) A ‐[(Mg 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.5 (Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) 0.3 Ti 0.2 ] O 3 , was investigated for disk specimens with silver electrodes. The specimens were subjected to a humidity load life condition (85°C, 95% rh, 700 V), and the life performance was measured as a function of the stoichiometry of the relaxor. Stoichiometry was represented by the mole ratio A/B, which is the mole ratio of elements at A‐sites to those at B‐sites in the perovskite structure. The life performance was found to depend greatly on A/B, which was varied between 0.95 and 1.05. When A/B was equal to or less than 0.99, the failure rate at 500 h was 25% or below, while all the specimens failed within 350 h when A/B was equal to or greater than 1.00. All failed specimens had evidence of short‐circuit failures. The life performance had a strong correlation with the microstructure of the dielectrics. Transmission electron microscopy revealed a PbO‐rich secondary phase both at triple points and at grain boundaries in specimens with A/B greater than 1.00. Although a secondary phase was found at triple points in specimens with A/B = 1.00, it consisted of unreacted elements such as Pb, Ba, Nb, Zn, Mg, and Ti which did not form the perovskite structure. The results suggest that the lead component analyzed at triple points and grain boundaries is PbO, which has slight solubility in water. Thus, it appears that triple points and grain boundaries dissolve during the life test, and then migration of Agions through the dissolved grain boundaries leads to degradation.
A New Chromo-chemodosimeter Selective for Sulfide Anion (2003)

A new chromo-chemodosimeter for the anion sulfide in aqueous environments has been developed. The recognition concept is based on a pyrylium-thiopyrylium transformation that is conveniently drawn toward "color chemistry" concepts by means of the anchoring of an aniline group. This causes the color of the aniline-pyrylium backbone in L1 to change selectively from magenta to blue when transformed to the corresponding aniline-thiopyrylium in the presence of the sulfide anion. The method is simple and easy, suggesting potential applications in a variety of different environments where easy and rapid determination of sulfide might be required.
A quarter-wave phase-stepping algorithm for fiber-optic electronic speckle pattern interferometry using zero-crossing triggers (2006)

An efficient phase-stepping method for the use in fiber-optic electronic speckle pattern interferometry is proposed. A fiber-optic Michelson interferometer is phase-modulated, and the zero-crossing points of a back-reflected interference signal, that have consecutive /spl pi/ phase difference, are used to trigger the charged-coupled device camera to capture specklegrams with /spl pi//2 phase difference. A phase error of less than 3 mrad with 100-Hz image capture speed has been obtained in an open-loop configuration. Also, it has been experimentally shown that the phase-stepping accuracy of the proposing method does not depend on the nonlinear actions of the phase modulator.
Using an Intermediate Skeleton and Inverse Kinematics for Motion Retargeting (2000)

In this paper, we present a new method for solving the Motion Retargeting Problem, by using an intermediate skeleton. This allows us to convert movements between hierarchically and geometrically different characters. An Inverse Kinematics engine is then used to enforce Cartesian constraints while staying as close as possible to the captured motion.
Childhood trauma and depression (2003)

Purpose of review There has been a rapid expansion of interest into the role of childhood trauma in depression over the past 10-15 years. Most studies find associations between recalled trauma, particularly child sexual abuse, and depression. There is, however, a need to establish whether it has a causal role, and if so what are the processes linking the trauma to depression. Recent findings Several recent studies have confirmed a high rate of recalled sexual abuse in the general population, of around 18% in women and 5% in men. Recalled sexual abuse has been associated consistently with the diagnosis of depression in both men and women. Much less attention has been paid to the role of physical abuse. These associations hold up in studies that account for genetic influences. However the specific role of child sexual abuse is not yet clear. It is associated with multiple adult psychiatric disorders, and recent studies indicate that it may contribute to some, but not all, pathways to depression. It is likely that psychological, social and neuro-endocrine processes are affected by childhood trauma, and contribute to the risk for depression. Summary The finding of associations of childhood trauma with depression, together with other adverse childhood experiences, underlines the need for clinicians treating children and adults to take a developmental perspective. The elucidation of different pathways to depression, including childhood adversities, can help to clarify heterogeneity within the broad-brush diagnosis of depression. This should lead to a better understanding of the role of different mechanisms, with implications for early intervention and treatment.
Aqueous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide catalysed by water-soluble ruthenium aqua complexes under acidic conditions (2004)

Hydrogenation of carbon dioxide (P(H2/CO2)= 5.5/2.5 MPa) into formic acid (HCOOH) under acidic conditions (pH 2.5-5.0) in water has been achieved by using water-soluble ruthenium aqua catalysts [(eta6-C6Me6)RuII(L)(OH2)]SO4 (L = 2,2'-bipyridine or 4,4'-dimethoxy-2,2' bipyridine).
Towards Language Agnostic Universal Representations (2019)

When a bilingual student learns to solve word problems in math, we expect the student to be able to solve these problem in both languages the student is fluent in, even if the math lessons were only taught in one language. However, current representations in machine learning are language dependent. In this work, we present a method to decouple the language from the problem by learning language agnostic representations and therefore allowing training a model in one language and applying to a different one in a zero shot fashion. We learn these representations by taking inspiration from linguistics, specifically the Universal Grammar hypothesis and learn universal latent representations that are language agnostic We demonstrate the capabilities of these representations by showing that models trained on a single language using language agnostic representations achieve very similar accuracies in other languages.
Design and Hybrid Additive Manufacturing of 3-D/Volumetric Electrical Circuits (2019)

For the first time, a fully 3-D electric circuit was modeled in a 3-D environment and manufactured via an automated hybrid direct-write 3-D printing process. The implications and applications of this significant achievement are enormous because it allows circuits to be designed and manufactured in virtually any form factor. To accomplish this, a custom computer-aided design (CAD) tool was programmed into an open-source modeling software to layout components and route interconnects. The custom CAD tool imports the netlist and component geometries from a schematic capture program. Components can be placed at any position and be oriented at any angle. Interconnects can meander smoothly throughout the circuit following 3-D splines. The interconnects can be placed manually or automatically between components. After laying out the components and routing interconnects, the tool exports Standard Tessellation Language files of the dielectric and metal portions of the final circuit to be 3-D printed. To manufacture the circuit, fused-deposition modeling of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene plastic and microdispensing (μD) of DuPont CB028 silver paste was used. To demonstrate, a functional 555 timer circuit was designed and built to flash an LED.
INTRAVENOUS N‐ACETYLCYSTEINE FOR PARACETAMOL POISONING (1980)

Intravenously administered N-acetylcysteine was used to treat 11 patients at risk of hepatic damage from paracetamol poisoning. Complete protection against liver failure was seen in all cases without any adverse effects. The efficacy and safety of intravenously administered N-acetylcysteine make it the treatment of choice in paracetamol poisoning.
Solid-state bulk phenomena and their application to integrated electronics (1968)

Travelling high-field domains in bulk semiconductors can be used to perform complex electronic functions over a wide range of speeds and power levels. This article reviews the domain properties in gallium arsenide and cadmium sulfide and indicates some applications to high-speed digital electronics.
Exploration-based high-level synthesis of linear analog systems operating at low/medium frequencies (2003)

This paper presents a methodology for high-level synthesis of continuous-time linear analog systems. Synthesis results are architectures of op-amps, sized resistors and capacitors such that their ac behavior and total silicon area are optimized. Bounds for op-amp dc gain, unity-gain frequency, input, and output impedances are found as a byproduct of synthesis. Subsequently, a circuit synthesis tool can be used to synthesize the op-amps of an architecture. The paper details the architecture generation technique. Architecture generation produces alternative architectures for a system specification using the tabu search heuristic. Its main advantages over traditional methods is that it is application independent, does not require a library of block connection patterns, and is simple to implement. The paper also discusses the hierarchical, two-step parameter optimization that guides architecture generation. Experiments showed that linear analog systems operating at low/medium frequencies (like telecommunication systems and filters) can be synthesized in a reasonably long time and with reduced effort.
Hydrogel Adhesion: A Supramolecular Synergy of Chemistry, Topology, and Mechanics (2019)

Abstract Adhering hydrogels to various materials is fundamental to a large array of established and emerging applications. The last few years have seen transformative advances in achieving strong hydrogel adhesion, which is a supramolecular phenomenon. Two adherends connect through covalent bonds, noncovalent complexes, polymer chains, polymer networks, or nanoparticles. Separating the adherends dissipates energy through cascading events across length scales, including bond cleavage, chain retraction, and bulk hysteresis. A unifying principle has emerged: strong hydrogel adhesion requires the synergy of chemistry of bonds, topology of connection, and mechanics of dissipation. This synergy characterizes hydrogel adhesion to various materials (another hydrogel, tissue, elastomer, plastic, metal, glass, and ceramic) in various operations (cast, coat, print, attach, pierce, and glue). Strong adhesion can be made permanent, reversible, degradable, or on‐demand detachable. The development of hydrogel adhesion and its applications adheres disciplines, discovers interlinks, and forges cohesion. Discussed throughout the review are immediate opportunities for fundamental studies and practical applications.
Comparative Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of a New Sustained-Release Growth Hormone (GH), LB03002,<i>Versus</i>Daily GH in Adults with GH Deficiency (2006)

Multiple weekly doses of LB03002 appeared safe and well tolerated. Comparable GH bioavailability and sustained IGF-I elevations support the use of once-weekly LB03002 to replace daily GH therapy.
Quantitative 3D outcrop interpretation (2006)

A workflow for characterizing the network of discontinuities in a carbonate outcrop is presented, whereby a 3D photo‐realistic digital model of the outcrop is analyzed using a new image processing procedure (Figure 1). The aim is to quantitatively capture the fracture geometry, orientation, distribution and density with respect to stratigraphy and lithology. The statistical information extracted from the stratigraphically constrained fracture networks will provide the basis for generating flow models that faithfully reproduce the three‐dimensional permeability and flow characteristics of fractured carbonate reservoirs.