gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Increased Carotid Intima-Media Thickness and Serum Inflammatory Markers in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (2005)

Increased carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and increased serum levels of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-18, are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether carotid IMT, a useful marker for early atherosclerosis, is associated with these inflammatory markers in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Carotid IMT was investigated with ultrasonography in 36 patients with OSA and 16 obese control subjects. Serum levels of CRP, IL-6, and IL-18 were measured at 5:00 A.M. Carotid IMT (p < 0.001) and serum levels of CRP (p < 0.003), IL-6 (p < 0.005), and IL-18 (p < 0.03) of patients with OSA were significantly higher than those of obese control subjects. Carotid IMT was significantly correlated with serum levels of CRP (r = 0.61, p = 0.0001), IL-6 (r = 0.41, p = 0.01), and IL-18 (r = 0.45, p = 0.005), duration of OSA-related hypoxia (r = 0.60, p = 0.0001), and severity of OSA (r = 0.50, p = 0.002). In addition, the primary factor influencing carotid IMT was duration of hypoxia during total sleep time (p = 0.036). These results suggest that OSA-related hypoxia and systemic inflammation might be associated with the progression of atherosclerosis and thus might increase the risks of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular morbidity in patients with OSA.
Stereochemistry of Dehydrogenation by <scp>D</scp>-Galactose Oxidase (1971)

The stereochemistry of dehydrogenation of the primary carbinol group of D-galactose by D-galactose oxidase has been determined. Using D-galactose-6-d and methyl β-D-galactopyranoside-6-d, it has been established that the reaction involves removal of the pro-S 6-hydrogen atom. This conclusion is based on product analysis, and on the relative impact of the deuterium isotope effect on oxidation rates of substrates having different R:S deuteration patterns. The absolute configurations at C-6 of these substrates have been determined by selective chemical transformations to products of known configuration. The rotational conformation of the 6-carbinol group of D-galactose and its possible relationship to the specificity of the enzyme are discussed, as well as the stereochemistry of reductive deuteration of aldehydo sugar derivatives.
High frequency ultrasound imaging: from man to mouse (2002)

With completion of the genome sequencing projects for several species, the post genomic phase of bioresearch is poised to make major contributions to our understanding of normal development and human disease. This promise will, in part, rely on the development of new microimaging technologies such as ultrasound biomicroscopy to provide quantitative longitudinal assessment of morphology and functional development of normal and abnormal tissues. We report here on the preliminary evaluation of a new high frequency ultrasound imaging system specifically designed to perform this function in the most important model of human physiology and disease: the mouse.
Quality of service matching for integrated fast packet networks (2003)

Two aspects of quality of service (QoS) matching for integrated fast packet networks, QoS translation and QoS negotiation, are presented. The user-specified, traffic-dependent QoS has to be translated into corresponding constraints on network-oriented QoS, which are not traffic dependent, so that internal network functions such as routing can be uniformly applied. To accommodate diverse QoS requirements, the network must incorporate QoS negotiation procedures among the network and the users.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Trends and Developments in Radioprotection: The Effect of Nicotinamide on DNA Repair (1990)

Recent studies point to the naturally occurring molecules in expression of radiation damage and in protection. DNA repair was shown to be one of the parameters that can be modified to attain improved protection. The need for a natural compound that can enhance DNA repair in order to improve cellular protection focused our attention on nicotinamide (NA). The effects of addition of NA, a precursor for NAD+ synthesis, on the DNA repair capacity following gamma and ultraviolet irradiations were studied in several repair-proficient and repair-deficient cell lines. The addition of low concentrations of NA (less than 3 mM) resulted in increased repair synthesis in the repair-proficient cells. Addition to repair-deficient cells resulted in decreased repair synthesis. Cells which repair damage from one type of radiation, and not from another, responded accordingly to the presence of NA. However, addition of high concentrations of NA to repair-proficient cells resulted in decreased repair synthesis. Thus, nicotinamide can improve the repair capacity in a concentration-dependent manner, but it clearly requires the existence of functional repair processes.
Combustion of coal-oil slurry in a 100 HP firetube boiler. [162 refs] (1977)

Coal-oil slurry combustion studies were conducted in a 100 HP firetube package boiler to determine major problem areas firing coal-oil slurry in a boiler designed to burn oil or gas and to determine corrosion and deposits after 1000 hr operation with a 20 percent coal-oil slurry. Although the design heat release with oil was very high, slagging was not experienced and C combustion efficiency was greater than 99 percent. Boiler efficiency tests indicated that the efficiency obtained with the coal-oil slurry was essentially the same as with fuel oil. Some char deposition was experienced when firing at a high rate due to wide spray pattern that produced flame impingement on the relatively narrow combustion chamber. Char deposition became worse with time as orifices in the brass nozzle became enlarged due to erosion and the atomization pattern was changed. Some improvement was obtained by fabricating nozzles of stainless steel with a narrower spray pattern. The deposition problem was later eliminated by modify8ing the combustion air diffuser to obtain the desired flow pattern.Tightly adhering deposits had considerably lower C and calculated ash contents; consisting chiefly of iron-rich corrosion products. The V content was less than 0.1 percent, and the S varied frommore » 0.6 to 1.1 percent x-ray analyses revealed that the major component was Goethite, FeO(OH), a common constituent of rust. After subtracting the Fe calculated to be associated with ash from coal, it was found the Fe associated with the corrosion product was 40.3, 29.5, and 50.9 mg/sq in. of surface for the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th passes, respectively. Corresponding calculated corrosion rates were 0.32, 0.23, and 0.40 mils/1000 hr.« less
Useful dethioacetalization with soft acid metal salts: Thallium trinitrate and mercuric perchlorate. (1978)

Dethioacetalization with thallium trinitrate (TTN) was tried on thioacetals 3-13, and good results were obtained. Then, the utility of co-solvents to be used with methanol was checked, and a wide range of co-solvents were shown to be available. The mechanism was also discussed. Subsequently, dethioacetalization with mercuric perchlorate was found to be another excellent method. This procedure provided a great success for the dethioacetalization of compounds 4 and 11 which was not successful by the TTN procedure.
Non-photorealistic camera (2005)

We present a non-photorealistic rendering approach to capture and convey shape features of real-world scenes. We use a camera with multiple flashes that are strategically positioned to cast shadows along depth discontinuities in the scene. The projective-geometric relationship of the camera-flash setup is then exploited to detect depth discontinuities and distinguish them from intensity edges due to material discontinuities.We introduce depiction methods that utilize the detected edge features to generate stylized static and animated images. We can highlight the detected features, suppress unnecessary details or combine features from multiple images. The resulting images more clearly convey the 3D structure of the imaged scenes.We take a very different approach to capturing geometric features of a scene than traditional approaches that require reconstructing a 3D model. This results in a method that is both surprisingly simple and computationally efficient. The entire hardware/software setup can conceivably be packaged into a self-contained device no larger than existing digital cameras.
A preliminary evaluation of efficacy and safety of Wharton’s jelly mesenchymal stem cell transplantation in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (2014)

Chinese Clinical Trial Register ChiCTR-ONC-10000985. Registered 23 September 2010.
A new spiro-annelation procedure: intramolecular decarboxylative alkylation of β-keto-esters (1981)

R. G. Eilerman and B. J. Willis, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1981, 30 DOI: 10.1039/C39810000030
Automatic in-line to end-of-line defect correlation using FSRAM test structure for quick killer defect identification (2002)

This paper describes the use of Fast Static RAM (FSRAM) test structures to identify defect locations which are then used to wafer map defect sites. It describes how to automate in-line to end-of-line defect correlation to quickly identify the origin of killer defects. In-line defects are identified using a Tencor Surfscan 7000 and these defect locations are overlayed onto failing bitmap data from functional testers. The analysis and overlay software has been written using a commonly available database, RS/1 to automatically generate histograms of defects-to-fail ratios for each monitoring stage. This rapidly identifies the key defectivity steps in a new process. Using this approach large amounts of data can be quickly processed allowing realistic SPC defectivity limits to be set from a large sample size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Enhancement of natural killer cytotoxicity delayed murine carcinogenesis by a probiotic microorganism (2001)

Regulation of innate immunity may be an effective means of cancer control. Delaying cancer onset is regarded as an important mode of action in cancer prevention. We have been investigating the chemopreventive mechanisms of Lactobacillus casei Shirota (LcS), a probiotic strain. In this study, we evaluated the effect of LcS on tumor onset and the involvement of natural killer (NK) cells using a 3-methylcholanthrene-induced carcinogenesis model. C3H/HeN mice were divided into three groups, according to treatment: vehicle-treated, treated with vehicle only; control, 3-methylcholanthrene treated; LcS, 3-methylcholanthrene and LcS treated. 3-Methylcholanthrene was injected intradermally at 7 weeks of age. LcS was mixed into the diet (0.05%, w/w), which the mice were fed from the day of 3-methylcholanthrene injection onward. Tumor incidence was observed weekly. Profiles of splenic NK cells, in vitro cytotoxicity and the proportion, in the early stage of carcinogenesis were analyzed at 5 weeks after the injection. The tumor suppressive effect of LcS was also evaluated in a beige mouse model that is genetically deficient in NK cells. LcS delayed tumor onset and reduced tumor incidence in the results with C3H/HeN mice (P< 0.05). More specifically, tumor incidence in the control group was 33% at 6 weeks after the injection and 83% at 11 weeks as opposed to 0 and 42%, respectively, in the LcS group. NK cell cytotoxicity was significantly higher than in the control group, and the number of NK cells also increased in the LcS group of C3H/HeN mice. However, LcS failed to suppress tumorigenesis in the beige mouse. These findings suggest that enhancement of the cytotoxicity of NK cells by LcS delays tumor onset.
Functional heterogeneity in allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte clones. II. Development of syngeneic cytotoxicity in the absence of specific antigenic stimulation. (1985)

Two out of four long-term murine allospecific cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) clones tested could develop high levels of cytotoxicity against syngeneic target cells when cultured under appropriate conditions. All CTL clones maintained strict allospecificity so long as they were cultured with both appropriate allogeneic stimulator cells and growth factor (supernatant from secondary mixed lymphocyte cultures). In two of the clones, syngeneic reactivity rapidly developed when the allogeneic stimulator cells were replaced with syngeneic or third party stimulator cells, and when the supernatant from EL4 thymoma cells stimulated with phorbol ester was used as growth factor. In addition to killing the appropriate allogeneic target, clones with syngeneic reactivity could kill both syngeneic C57BL/6 targets and H-2-congenic BALB.B targets but not third party unrelated targets, suggesting that the self structure recognized was coded for within the major histocompatibility complex. Such clones did not kill the natural killer (NK) target YAC. The results obtained from cold target inhibition and from subcloning at limiting dilution of clones with syngeneic reactivity suggested that both allogeneic and syngeneic reactivity could be expressed by the same individual cell in the CTL clone. The specificity for syngeneic H-2 as opposed to third party H-2 and NK-sensitive target cells, and the observation that both allospecific and syngeneic killing could be partially blocked by anti-Lyt-2 antibody treatment of the CTL, strongly suggested that different recognition structures are involved in CTL-mediated syngeneic cytotoxicity and NK cytotoxicity.
Improving the performance of capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers using modified membrane and support structures (2006)

There remains scope for improving the electromechanical energy conversion efficiency of Capacitive Micromachined Ultrasound Transducers (CMUTs). Two new CMUT structures are presented with the objective of increasing the membrane displacement, making deformation more uniform and improving the overall efficiency. Both of new structure designs were analyzed using PZFlex Finite Element Analysis (FEA). In the first design, trenches are formed at the edge region on the membrane. In the second design, the shape of the support structure has been modified by using a more compliant 'dogleg' shape. Both new structure designs significantly increase the acoustic pressure output, the membrane displacement, and make the membrane displacement more uniform. Most importantly, FEA simulation demonstrated that the effective electromechanical coupling coefficient (k) was significantly improved in both of the two new designs.
Indoxyl sulfate, a valuable biomarker in chronic kidney disease and dialysis (2016)

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an increasingly recognized disease with high global incidence and mortality. Yet, the existing diagnostic tools are not sufficient enough to predict prognosis of CKD and CKD comorbidities. Indoxyl sulfate, a typical uremic toxin, is of great importance in the development of CKD with its nephrotoxicity, cardiovascular toxicity, and bone toxicity. Some reports suggest that indoxyl sulfate directly associate with renal function loss and mortality in CKD patients. This review discusses the diagnostic value of indoxyl sulfate from its biological characteristics, pathophysiological effects, related therapies, and its diagnostic value in clinical studies.
Monocyte Chemotactic Protein (MCP)-1 Promotes Angiogenesis via a Novel Transcription Factor, MCP-1-induced Protein (MCPIP) (2008)

Monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) has been recognized as an angiogenic chemokine. The molecular mechanism of MCP-1-mediated angiogenesis remains unknown. We recently identified a novel transcription factor, designated MCP-1-induced protein (MCPIP), in human monocytes after treatment with MCP-1. We investigated whether MCP-1-induced angiogenesis is mediated via MCPIP. Treatment of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) with MCP-1 induced expression of MCPIP and capillary-like tube formation. Knockdown of MCPIP by small interfering RNA (siRNA) suppressed MCP-1-induced angiogenesis-related gene VEGF and HIF-1alpha expression as well as tube formation. Transfection of HUVECs with an MCPIP expression vector induced angiogenesis-related genes and tube formation. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis revealed that cadherin (cdh) 12 and cdh19 are in vivo targets of MCPIP. Transfection of HUVECs with MCPIP expression vector activated the expression of cdh12 and cdh19 genes. Knockdown of cdh12 or cdh19 expression markedly inhibited MCPIP-induced capillary-like tube formation. Moreover, knockdown of MCPIP also significantly suppressed MCP-1-induced cdh12 and cdh19 gene expression. Our data strongly suggest that MCP-1-induced angiogenesis is mediated via MCPIP, at least in part through transcriptional activation of cdh12 and cdh19.
Precise vector textures for real-time 3D rendering (2008)

Vector graphics representations of images are resolution independent. Direct use of vector images for real-time texture mapping would be desirable to avoid sampling artifacts such as blurring common with raster images. Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) files are typical of vector graphics image representations. Such representations composite images from layers of paths and strokes defined with lines, elliptical arcs, and quadratic and cubic parametric splines.High-quality texture mapping requires both random access and anisotropic antialiasing. For vector images, these goals can be achieved by computing the distance to the closest primitives from a sample point and then mapping this distance through a soft threshold function. Representing transparency masks in this way is especially useful, since vector mattes can be used to render complex curvilinear geometry as textures on simple geometric primitives.Unfortunately, computing the exact minimum distance to the parametric curves used in vector images is difficult. Previous work has used approximations, but an accurate minimum distance is desirable in order to enable wide strokes and special effects such as embossing. In this paper, a simple algorithm is presented that can efficiently and accurately compute the minimum distance to a parametric curve when the sample point is within its radius of curvature and the curve can be segmented into monotonic regions. This technique can be used in a GPU shader to render antialiased vector images exactly as defined by SVG files.
A Cysteine Protease Gene Is Expressed Early in Resistant Potato Interactions with <i>Phytophthora infestans</i> (1999)

A potato cysteine protease (cyp) cDNA expressed at an early stage of an incompatible interaction with Phytophthora infestans was isolated. Both the nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences are highly homologous to those of a tomato cysteine protease, CYP1. Striking protein similarity to all known cathepsins in animals, particularly cathepsin K, was also observed. However, unlike cathepsins, a granulin binding domain is located near the carboxyl terminus of the putative CYP protein. In animals, granulins bind to receptors in the plasma membrane and signal cell growth and division. A ribonuclease protection assay demonstrated that the cyp gene is tightly regulated and is induced 15 h post inoculation with P. infestans in potato leaves either with high field resistance or in which a resistance (R) gene is activated. We conclude that a common signaling pathway is activated in each form of resistance.
<i>bla</i> <sub>VIM-7</sub> , an Evolutionarily Distinct Metallo-β-Lactamase Gene in a <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i> Isolate from the United States (2003)

As part of the CANCER Antimicrobial Surveillance Program in North America, a Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate, strain 07-406, was shown to possess a metallo-beta-lactamase, designated VIM-7. bla(VIM-7) is located on a 24-kb plasmid which can be readily transferred into Enterobacteriaceae and other pseudomonads. This is the first report of a mobile metallo-beta-lactamase gene, bla(VIM-7), being detected within the United States.
The N-terminal Ac-EEED sequence plays a role in α-smooth-muscle actin incorporation into stress fibers (2005)

We have previously shown that the N-terminal sequence AcEEED of alpha-smooth-muscle actin causes the loss of alpha-smooth-muscle actin from stress fibers and a decrease in cell contractility when introduced in myofibroblasts as a cell-penetrating fusion peptide. Here, we have investigated the function of this sequence on stress fiber organization in living cells, using enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP)-tagged alpha-smooth-muscle actin. The fusion peptide provokes the gradual disappearance of EGFP fluorescence of alpha-smooth-muscle actin from stress fibers and the formation of hitherto unknown rod-like structures. In addition to alpha-smooth-muscle actin, these structures contain cytoplasmic actins, gelsolin and cofilin but not other major actin-binding proteins. These rod-like structures are also visible in wild-type fibroblasts during normal cell spreading, suggesting that they represent a physiological step in the organization of alpha-smooth-muscle actin in stress fibers. Fluorescence-recovery-after-photobleaching experiments suggest that the fusion peptide reduces the dynamics of alpha-smooth-muscle actin and its incorporation in stress fibers. Here, we propose a new mechanism of how alpha-smooth-muscle actin is incorporated in stress fibers involving the sequence Ac-EEED.
A NEW SYNTHETIC ROUTE OF LiNixMnyCo(1-x -y)O2 AS THE CATHODE MATERIALS OF SECONDARY LITHIUM-ION BATTERIES (2003)

Mud Method’. LiOH-H2O (98+%, Aldrich), Ni(NO3)26H2O (98+%, Aldrich), Co(NO3)2-6H2O (98+%, Aldrich) and Mn(NO3)2-4H2O (98+%, Aldrich) were used as the starting materials. A stoichiometric amount of Ni and Mn nitrates were dissolve in distilled water. Into this, an aqueous solution of lithium hydroxide was added very slowly with vigorous stirring, which contained a stoichiometric amount of Li ions. This caused the precipitation of transition metal hydroxides (M= Ni, Mn, Co) with a homogeneous cation distribution. To ensure the precipitation of metal ions, small amount of ammonia water was added. This solution, containing precipitates of transition metals and aqueous Li ions, was dried with stirring to produce mixture of transition metal hydroxides and Li salts (LiOH and LI(NO3)). The mixture was ground to powder with mortar. Small amount of ethyl alcohol (99.9+%, Duksan) was added to and mixed with this powder to produce the mud of hydroxides. The mud was heated in air at 450°C for 3 h and then quenched. After mild grinding, the powder was heated in air at 650°C for 5 h and 950°C for 3 h successively. The resulting powder was ground and was passed through a 20µm sieve. All the procedures were
Two-Dimensional Encoding Masks for Hadamard Spectrometric Imager (1974)

Techniques to improve upon the design of two-dimensional encoding masks for multiplex Hadamard spectrometric imagers are described. The technique to generate masks based on completely orthonormal codes is described. In some cases, self-supporting masks result which were not previously known. Transmission through the encoding masks (but not necessarily the signal-to-noise ratio) can also be increased.