gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fluorescence Analysis of Flavoproteins (2003)

Fluorescence is one of the most powerful tools in the study of flavoproteins. It allows the user to investigate many aspects of the nature, structural integrity and kinetic properties of the flavin. In this chapter, we will outline the basics of fluorescence spectroscopy and give details of the operating procedures required to obtain different kinds of information about the protein-bound chromophore. Leading on from this will be a number of examples of the uses of fluorescence in flavoprotein analysis. In Subheading 4., the potential benefits and drawbacks of fluorescence spectroscopy in the study of flavoproteins will be discussed.
<title>Transmission x-ray diffraction for real-time sensing of the solidification of a casting</title> (1996)

A transmission x-ray diffraction (XRD) technique has been developed which may be used, in real time, to locate the molten metal-solidifying metal interface in single-crystal castings. We proved feasibility of the sensor on samples of aluminum and copper in a gradient furnace, and found that the liquid-solid boundary could easily be identified even though the samples were surrounded by a mold wall and encased in a furnace. Subsequently, we have successfully attached the XRD sensor to a small industrial turbine blade casting furnace. The liquid-solid interface can be identified and followed, in real-time during the single- crystal casting process. The high energy x-rays permit in- furnace transmission XRD to be performed on a 6 mm thick nickel alloy specimen. The diffraction pattern was clearly seen, even though the entrance x-ray and diffraction paths through the furnace included 20 mm of Pyrex, 3.2 mm of molybdenum, 9 mm of aluminum oxide, and 12.8 mm of mold material. The x-ray source to imager distance was 1180 mm. An analytical model for transmission XRD has been developed. It is useful for assessing the feasibility of particular sensing applications.
Parametric modeling in rail capacity planning (1999)

Describes the development and application of a parametric model at Canadian National Railway (CN) for use in rail capacity planning. The Parametric Capacity Model is a practical tool that is used to help improve track asset utilization through the measurement and monitoring of system track capacity. Understanding capacity is essential for determining the amount of traffic that can be moved over a rail system and the degree of service and the reliability that can be expected. The Parametric Capacity Model was developed to provide this understanding by measuring theoretical, practical, used and available track capacity.
Is fecal microbiota transplantation (<scp>FMT</scp>) an effective treatment for patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders (<scp>FGID</scp>)? (2014)

This review aims to investigate the role of intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of FGID, the implications of FMT for the treatment of FGID, and the challenges encountered in measuring response to a specific intervention in patients with FGID.
Splitting and tuning characteristics of the point defect modes in two-dimensional phononic crystals (2004)

Point defect modes of acoustic wave in two-dimensional square arrays of square water rods in a mercury host were studied. The defects are created by three kinds of geometry, namely, square defect, circular defect, and rectangular defect, respectively. The results show that for both square defect and circular defect, the defect modes are only related to the defect filling fraction F(d), but not with the geometry of defects (square or circular), as well as the orientations of the square defect. For the rectangular defect, the defect modes could be tuned by changing the ratio of edge width of the defect, moreover, the double degenerate one will split into two nondegenerate modes when the ratio of edge widths Lx / L(y) >9.0. Meanwhile the corresponding pressure distributions also will be changed.
Expression of Elastic Components in Healthy and Varicose Veins (2003)

This study evaluates possible changes in the synthesis/degradation of elastic components of the vein wall in an attempt to explain the development of varicosis. Healthy and varicose saphenous veins were subjected to immunohistochemical analysis using anti-elastin, anti-fibrillin-1, anti-elastase, anti-transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta and anti-latent TGFbeta binding protein (LTBP)-2 monoclonal antibodies. In situ hybridization was performed using specific probes for tropoelastin and fibrillin-1. In healthy veins, elastin and fibrillin-1 showed even, overlapping distribution patterns indicating their particular abundance in the adventitia and at the intima/media interface. The expression of tropoelastin and fibrillin-1 was high in smooth muscle cells bordering the elastic laminae. Elastin, fibrillin-1, and cells expressing fibrillin-1 and tropoelastin mRNA showed a patchy disorganized pattern, particularly in the proximal varicose segments of patients under 50 years of age. Enhanced elastase activity was noted in both control and varicose specimens from elderly subjects. Varicose veins specimens showed greater LTBP-2 and TGF expression. Both molecules were detected in the subendothelium and the media, particularly in areas of marked injury. Our findings suggest that the development of the varicose condition involves a restructuring of the elastic component of the vein wall, perhaps as a consequence of changes in the transcription mechanisms of muscle layer cells.
Functional cooperation of miR-125a, miR-125b, and miR-205 in entinostat-induced downregulation of erbB2/erbB3 and apoptosis in breast cancer cells (2013)

We reported that the class I HDAC inhibitor entinostat induced apoptosis in erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells via downregulation of erbB2 and erbB3. Here, we study the molecular mechanism by which entinostat dual-targets erbB2/erbB3. Treatment with entinostat had no effect on erbB2/erbB3 mRNA, suggesting a transcription-independent mechanism. Entinostat decreased endogenous but not exogenous erbB2/erbB3, indicating it did not alter their protein stability. We hypothesized that entinostat might inhibit erbB2/erbB3 protein translation via specific miRNAs. Indeed, entinostat significantly upregulated miR-125a, miR-125b, and miR-205, that have been reported to target erbB2 and/or erbB3. Specific inhibitors were then used to determine whether these miRNAs had a causal role in entinostat-induced downregulation of erbB2/erbB3 and apoptosis. Transfection with a single inhibitor dramatically abrogated entinostat induction of miR-125a, miR-125b, or miR-205; however, none of the inhibitors blocked entinostat action on erbB2/erbB3. In contrast, co-transfection with two inhibitors not only reduced their corresponding miRNAs, but also significantly abrogated entinostat-mediated reduction of erbB2/erbB3. Moreover, simultaneous inhibition of two, but not one miRNA significantly attenuated entinostat-induced apoptosis. Interestingly, although the other HDAC inhibitors, such as SAHA and panobinostat, exhibited activity as potent as entinostat to induce growth inhibition and apoptosis in erbB2-overexpressing breast cancer cells, they had no significant effects on the three miRNAs. Instead, both SAHA- and panobinostat-decreased erbB2/erbB3 expression correlated with the reduction of their mRNA levels. Collectively, we demonstrate that entinostat specifically induces expression of miR-125a, miR-125b, and miR-205, which act in concert to downregulate erbB2/erbB3 in breast cancer cells. Our data suggest that epigenetic regulation via miRNA-dependent or -independent mechanisms may represent a novel approach to treat breast cancer patients with erbB2-overexpressing tumors.
Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 (2020)

Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.
Stereospecific methylation of .gamma.,.delta.-epoxy acrylates by trimethylaluminum: a method for the iterative construction of polypropionate chains (1991)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTStereospecific methylation of .gamma.,.delta.-epoxy acrylates by trimethylaluminum: a method for the iterative construction of polypropionate chainsMasaaki Miyashita, Masahide Hoshino, and Akira YoshikoshiCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1991, 56, 23, 6483–6485Publication Date (Print):November 1, 1991Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 November 1991https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo00023a001https://doi.org/10.1021/jo00023a001research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views915Altmetric-Citations76LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Diffuse reduction of white matter connectivity in cerebral palsy with specific vulnerability of long range fiber tracts (2013)

Cerebral palsy (CP) is a heterogeneous group of non-progressive motor disorders caused by injury to the developing fetal or infant brain. Although the defining feature of CP is motor impairment, numerous other neurodevelopmental disabilities are associated with CP and contribute greatly to its morbidity. The relationship between brain structure and neurodevelopmental outcomes in CP is complex, and current evidence suggests that motor and developmental outcomes are related to the spatial pattern and extent of brain injury. Given that multiple disabilities are frequently associated with CP, and that there is increasing burden of neurodevelopmental disability with increasing motor severity, global white matter (WM) connectivity was examined in a cohort of 17 children with bilateral CP to test the hypothesis that increased global WM damage will be seen in the group of severely affected (Gross Motor Function Classification Scale (GMFCS) level of IV) as compared to moderately affected (GMFCS of II or III) individuals. Diffusion tensor tractography was performed and the resulting fibers between anatomically defined brain regions were quantified and analyzed in relation to GMFCS levels. Overall, a reduction in total WM connectivity throughout the brain in severe versus moderate CP was observed, including but not limited to regions associated with the sensorimotor system. Our results also show a diffuse and significant reduction in global inter-regional connectivity between severity groups, represented by inter-regional fiber count, throughout the brain. Furthermore, it was also observed that there is a significant difference (p = 0.02) in long-range connectivity in patients with severe CP as compared to those with moderate CP, whereas short-range connectivity was similar between groups. This new finding, which has not been previously reported in the CP literature, demonstrates that CP may involve distributed, network-level structural disruptions.
Use of Osteopromotive Growth Factors, Demineralized Bone Matrix, and Ceramics to Enhance Spinal Fusion (2005)

Recently developed materials that can enhance fusion rates for posterolateral lumbar arthrodesis may be used alone or in combination with autogenous bone grafts. Novel osteopromotive growth factor preparations are currently under scrutiny; these include autogenous growth factor concentrate, bovine bone-derived osteoinductive protein, and recombinant human MP52. Demineralized bone matrix products may enhance or extend grafts. However, few studies, especially prospective randomized clinical trials, have assessed their efficacy, so it is difficult to compare formulations. Ceramics have been evaluated in animal studies and human clinical trials for a variety of applications in spinal surgery. These materials function best as bone graft extenders or as bioactive osteoinductive material carriers in posterolateral lumbar fusions. They have the advantage of variable porosity, low cost, and ease of manufacture. Hydroxyapatite/tricalcium phosphate ceramics have been shown to perform as well as autogenous bone grafts but with fewer complications.
Intestinal absorption of β‐lactam antibiotics and oligopeptides (1992)

The H(+)-dependent uptake system responsible for the enteral absorption of oligopeptides and orally active beta-lactam antibiotics was functionally reconstituted into liposomes. Membrane proteins from rabbit small intestinal brush border membrane vesicles were solubilized with n-octyl glucoside and incorporated into liposomes using a gel filtration method. At protein/lipid ratios of 1:10 and 1:40, the uptake of the orally active alpha-amino-cephalosporin, D-cephalexin into proteoliposomes was stimulated by an inwardly directed H+ gradient and was protein-dependent. In these proteoliposomes the binding protein for oligopeptides and beta-lactam antibiotics of Mr 127,000 could be labeled by direct photoaffinity labeling with [3H]benzylpenicillin revealing an identical binding specificity as in the original brush border membrane vesicles. The uptake system for beta-lactam antibiotics and oligopeptides showed a remarkable stereospecificity; only D-cephalexin was taken up by intact brush border membrane vesicles, whereas the L-enantiomer was not taken up to a significant extent. This stereospecificity for uptake was also seen after reconstitution of solubilized brush border membrane proteins into liposomes demonstrating a functional reconstitution of the peptide transporter. Both enantiomers however, bound to the 127-kDa binding protein as was shown by a decrease in the extent of photoaffinity labeling of the 127-kDa protein in the presence of both enantiomers. After reconstitution of subfractions of brush border membrane proteins obtained by wheat germ lectin affinity chromatography into proteoliposomes, only liposomes containing the 127-kDa binding protein showed a significant uptake of D-cephalexin whereas the L-enantiomer was not transported. The uptake rates for D-cephalexin into proteoliposomes correlated with the content of 127-kDa binding protein in these liposomes as was determined by specific photoaffinity labeling with [3H]benzylpenicillin. The purified 127-kDa binding protein was also reconstituted into liposomes and its ability for specific binding of substrates as well as stereospecific uptake of cephalexin could be restored. These results indicate that the binding protein for oligopeptides and beta-lactam antibiotics of Mr 127,000 mediates the stereospecific and H(+)-dependent transport of orally active beta-lactam antibiotics across the enterocyte brush border membrane. We therefore suggest that this 127-kDa binding protein is the intestinal peptide transport system (or a component thereof).
IL-5 production by CD4<sup>+</sup> T cells of asthmatic patients is suppressed by glucocorticoids and the immunosuppressants FK506 and cyclosporin A (1995)

IL-5 was produced in vitro by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of mite-sensitive atopic patients upon challenge with specific allergen, while PBMC of healthy controls produced essentially no IL-5. Stimuli delivered by the combination of phorbol ester and Ca2+ ionophore induced marked IL-5 production by PBMC obtained from atopic and non-atopic asthmatics, suggesting that both protein kinase C and Ca2+ influx are required for IL-5 production. CD2- or CD4-bearing cell depletion almost completely removed IL-5-producing cells while CD8-bearing cell depletion rather enriched them. These findings indicate that CD4+ T cells are the principal source of IL-5 in PBMC. The capacity of PBMC of atopic asthmatics, non-atopic asthmatics and healthy controls to produce IL-2, IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-gamma was compared, to find that cytokine-producing capacities other than that of IL-5 (IL-2, IL-4 and IFN-gamma) were not significantly different among the three groups. Dexamethasone, FK506 and cyclosporin A suppressed IL-5 production in vitro in a dose-dependent manner. Clear dose-dependent suppression of IL-5 gene expression by FK506 was also observed. Treatment of asthmatic patients with inhaled glucocorticoid (beclomethasone dipropionate) ameliorated clinical symptoms, improved lung function and markedly suppressed IL-5 production by PBMC, suggesting the essential role of IL-5 in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma and the clinical importance of its regulation.
Enhanced activity of several herbicide-degrading enzymes: a suggested mechanism responsible for multiple resistance in blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) (2003)

International audience
Editorial (1981)

R. A. Young, Anal. Proc., 1981, 18, 411 DOI: 10.1039/AP9811800411
Influential community search in large networks (2015)

Community search is a problem of finding densely connected subgraphs that satisfy the query conditions in a network, which has attracted much attention in recent years. However, all the previous studies on community search do not consider the influence of a community. In this paper, we introduce a novel community model called k -influential community based on the concept of k -core, which can capture the influence of a community. Based on the new community model, we propose a linear-time online search algorithm to find the top- r k -influential communities in a network. To further speed up the influential community search algorithm, we devise a linear-space index structure which supports efficient search of the top- r k -influential communities in optimal time. We also propose an efficient algorithm to maintain the index when the network is frequently updated. We conduct extensive experiments on 7 real-world large networks, and the results demonstrate the efficiency and effectiveness of the proposed methods.
<i>Sourcebook on Atomic Energy</i> (1958)

Sourcebook on atomic energy , Sourcebook on atomic energy , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
Isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase: identification of mutations which selectively inhibit phosphatase activity (1992)

Mutations in aceK, the gene encoding isocitrate dehydrogenase kinase/phosphatase, which selectively inhibit phosphatase activity have been isolated. These mutations yield amino acid substitutions within a 113-residue region of this 578-residue protein. These mutations may define a regulatory domain of this protein.
Synthesis and antinociceptive activity of 7-methoxycodeine (1978)

(-)-7-Methoxycodeine was synthesized from (-)-1-bromosinomeninone in three steps with an overall yield of 29%. The introduction of the 7-methoxy group into the C ring of codeine did not decrease its oral activity. 7-Methoxycodeine was unstable in acidic media. Its oral activity was however, not likely to be due to conversion to the acid-stable (-)-sinomeninone, since the latter was orally inactive.
Design and Construction of a Standing-Wave Thermoacoustic Engine with Heat Sources Having a Given Temperature Ratio (2011)

A standing-wave thermoacoustic engine is essentially composed of a stack, two heat exchangers, and tubes; the stack has many narrow flow channels and is located inside one of the tubes. One end and the other end of the stack are thermally connected to hot and cold heat sources via the heat exchangers, respectively. When the ratio of temperatures of the heat sources exceeds a critical value, the gas inside the tubes spontaneously oscillates and the stack generates acoustical energy using heat from the hot heat source. In this study, the critical temperature ratio needed for exciting the spontaneous gas oscillation was numerically calculated by changing the stack's length, flow channel radius, and position. Further, the thermal efficiency with the critical temperature ratio was calculated. These calculations allowed us to design and construct the engine in accordance with the heat source temperatures. The constructed engine worked with the heat sources having the temperature ratio 1.7 and achieved 8% of the Carnot efficiency. These obtained values quantitatively agreed with the design ones.
Solving the Continuous <i>p</i> -Dispersion Problem Using Non-linear Programming (1995)

The problem of locating p maximally dispersed points in a convex space is considered. This problem is formulated as a non-linear programming problem. It is shown that this problem, in a square, is equivalent to the problem of packing the square with p equal circles of largest possible radius. Computational experience with the non-linear programming formulation of the dispersion problem is reported. Four of the solutions found are superior to the best known solutions in the literature for the corresponding circle-packing problem.
Mitochondria: a new therapeutic target in chronic kidney disease (2015)

Cellular metabolic changes during chronic kidney disease (CKD) may induce higher production of oxygen radicals that play a significant role in the progression of renal damage and in the onset of important comorbidities. This condition seems to be in part related to dysfunctional mitochondria that cause an increased electron "leakage" from the respiratory chain during oxidative phosphorylation with a consequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS are highly active molecules that may oxidize proteins, lipids and nucleic acids with a consequent damage of cells and tissues. To mitigate this mitochondria-related functional impairment, a variety of agents (including endogenous and food derived antioxidants, natural plants extracts, mitochondria-targeted molecules) combined with conventional therapies could be employed. However, although the anti-oxidant properties of these substances are well known, their use in clinical practice has been only partially investigated. Additionally, for their correct utilization is extremely important to understand their effects, to identify the correct target of intervention and to minimize adverse effects. Therefore, in this manuscript, we reviewed the characteristics of the available mitochondria-targeted anti-oxidant compounds that could be employed routinely in our nephrology, internal medicine and renal transplant centers. Nevertheless, large clinical trials are needed to provide more definitive information about their use and to assess their overall efficacy or toxicity.