gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Trametinib in the treatment of melanoma (2015)

Trametinib is a novel oral MEK inhibitor with clinical activity in BRAF(V600) mutant metastatic melanoma alone and in combination with dabrafenib. Trametinib is currently being explored in other genetic subsets as well, particularly those with NRAS mutations or atypical BRAF alterations. Furthermore, to maximize efficacy and overcome acquired resistance, studies evaluating the combination of trametinib with other targeted agents and immunotherapy are underway.
The Role of Copper Suppression as an Antiangiogenic Strategy in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma (2001)

In this initial study, the first of its kind in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, we have demonstrated the ability of TM to significantly suppress both the growth of squamous cell carcinoma and tumor vascularity in this orthotopic murine model, suggesting its potential for efficacy in the treatment of this disease in humans.
Sleep Apnea Symptoms and Risk of Temporomandibular Disorder (2013)

The authors tested the hypothesis that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) signs/symptoms are associated with the occurrence of temporomandibular disorder (TMD), using the OPPERA prospective cohort study of adults aged 18 to 44 years at enrollment (n = 2,604) and the OPPERA case-control study of chronic TMD (n = 1,716). In both the OPPERA cohort and case-control studies, TMD was examiner determined according to established research diagnostic criteria. People were considered to have high likelihood of OSA if they reported a history of sleep apnea or ≥ 2 hallmarks of OSA: loud snoring, daytime sleepiness, witnessed apnea, and hypertension. Cox proportional hazards regression estimated hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence limits (CL) for first-onset TMD. Logistic regression estimated odds ratios (OR) and 95% CL for chronic TMD. In the cohort, 248 individuals developed first-onset TMD during the median 2.8-year follow-up. High likelihood of OSA was associated with greater incidence of first-onset TMD (adjusted HR = 1.73; 95% CL, 1.14, 2.62). In the case-control study, high likelihood of OSA was associated with higher odds of chronic TMD (adjusted OR = 3.63; 95% CL, 2.03, 6.52). Both studies supported a significant association of OSA symptoms and TMD, with prospective cohort evidence finding that OSA symptoms preceded first-onset TMD.
TRANSIENT RADIATIVE TRANSFER IN THREE-DIMENSIONAL HOMOGENEOUS AND NONHOMOGENEOUS PARTICIPATING MEDIA (2001)

The transient radiative transfer is studied by an integral equation model. The salient feature of the integral formulation is the revelation of the time-dependent domain of integration (or domain of influence). This transient model can be reduced to simulate the steady state radiative transfer and, thus, it is a general formulation. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the model, the transient radiative transfer in a rectangular volume with absorbing and isotropic scattering medium is considered. Diffuse irradiation enters at one boundary surface. The other five boundaries are cold and black surfaces. The spatial and temporal distributions of the integrated intensity and radiative flux are presented for different radiative property distributions. Numerical quadratures used are the discrete rectangular volume method and YIX method. The results show good agreement between two methods. The discrete rectangular volume method is a variation of the general quadrature method.
Determination of Amylose by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (1993)

Abstract A differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) method for the determination of amylose as its amylose‐L‐α‐lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) complex is described. Potato amylose/amylopectin mixtures covering the range of 0–95% amylose were heated in the presence of LPC, cooled and then reheated to follow melting of the amylose‐LPC complexes formed during the cooling phase. A linear relationship (r = 0.98) was obtained between the amylose content of the mixtures and the enthalpies of the amylose‐lipid complexes. This linear calibration was used to predict the amylose content of various native starches, rice flours, wheat flour, durum wheat semolina, and lyophilized raw potato on the basis of the melting enthalpy of their amylose‐LPC complexes. Except for the potato samples, amylose contents determined by the DSC method were in good agreement with those obtained from a colorimetric assay.
Immunotherapy with autologous tumour antigen‐coated microbeads (large multivalent immunogen), IL‐2 and GM‐CSF in dogs with spontaneous B‐cell lymphoma (2010)

Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte responses to subcellular antigens are enhanced when antigens are presented on cell-sized silica microbeads called large multivalent immunogens (LMIs). LMIs prepared with tumour cell membrane fragments have induced partial remissions in humans with melanoma and renal cell carcinoma. The purpose of this phase I study was to evaluate the safety of LMIs, prepared with autologous lymphoma cell membranes, along with subcutaneous interleukin 2 (IL-2) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in dogs with untreated B-cell lymphoma. After lymph node excision and induction chemotherapy, five dogs were vaccinated with three weekly doses of LMI alone; five with LMI and subcutaneous IL-2 and five with LMI, IL-2 and GM-CSF. No significant toxicity was noted, treatment did not adversely affect disease-free interval and half of the dogs showed measurable delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions to intradermal challenge with LMI, suggesting specific cell-mediated immunity.
Pyoverdin‐facilitated iron uptake in <i>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</i>: immunological characterization of the ferripyoverdin receptor (1990)

A purified polyclonal antiserum directed against the isolated main 80 kD IROMP (iron-regulated outer-membrane protein) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 detected only the 80 kD polypeptide of outer-membrane proteins from PAO1 cells grown in iron deficiency in Western blots. It was also shown to inhibit the uptake of 59Fe pyoverdin by PAO1 cells as well as its binding to purified outer membranes. Immunofluorescence experiments with intact PAO1 cells confirmed that the receptor is present only at the surface of cells grown under conditions of iron deficiency. All these data allow us to conclude that the 80 kD main IROMP of P. aeruginosa is indeed the receptor for the siderophore ferripyoverdin.
Pitfalls in the design of distributed routing algorithms (1988)

The bridge algorithm adopted by the IEEE 802.1 committee for interconnecting 802 LANs requires the topology of the Extended LAN to be a Spanning Tree. A distributed algorithm to compute a spanning tree dynamically has already been published [1], and adopted by the IEEE 802.1 committee [2]. In this paper, however, we describe an alternative distributed algorithm to compute a spanning tree. This algorithm, variants of which have been implemented, initially appears simpler than the IEEE 802.1 algorithm; we show, however, that it has subtle failure modes that makes it unattractive in practice. We also show that some failure modes of the Spanning Tree Algorithm introduced in this paper are characteristic of a broader class of distributed graph algorithms. Such algorithms potentially examine all possible path combinations between a source and destination in a graph. Thus, they suffer from exponential message overhead in topologies that have an exponential number of paths between source and destination. Attempts to fix this problem lead to extra complexity (in terms of CPU, bandwidth, memory) when compared to other algorithms. We briefly describe a second example belonging to this class, and propose that designers avoid such algorithms if restricting the topology or scale of the network is unacceptable.
Developing linear error models for analog devices (1994)

Techniques are presented for developing linear error models for analog and mixed-signal devices. A simulation program developed to understand the modeling process is described, and results of simulations are presented. Methods for optimizing the size of empirical error models based on simulated error analyses are included. Once established, the models can be used in a comprehensive approach for optimizing the testing of the subject devices. Models are developed using data from a group of 13-bit A/D converters and compared with the simulation results.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Oxidative stress: its role in air pollution and adverse health effects (2003)

Increasing concern exists over the adverse effects of air pollution on human health. Epidemiological studies have shown a clear association between cardiovascular morbidity, decreased lung function, increased hospital admissions, mortality, and airborne concentrations of photochemical and particulate pollutants. Human exposure chamber studies of specific pollutants have shown that short term exposure leads to an acute inflammatory effect on normal human airways in a small (10–20%) proportion of healthy individuals. The consequences of long term exposure to air pollution are more difficult to access but are generally believed to be much worse. Studies in both children and adults have shown that exposure to particulates, nitrogen dioxide and sulphur dioxide, are associated with symptoms of bronchitis. Moreover, exposure to particulates has been related to reduced lung function growth in children and is reversed if the family relocates to a area with lower particulate concentrations.

As with any toxic challenge the obvious solution is to remove, or at least decrease to an acceptable level, the source of trouble. In many countries, air pollution levels have fallen in recent years, while additional measures are in place in several more to decrease concentrations further. It is unlikely however, that these practical measures will completely eliminate the problem, even in the medium term. As a consequence, it has been recognised for some time that there is also a need to improve our understanding of the impact of air pollution on biological systems. For example, a better appreciation of the mechanisms underlying air pollution induced health problems would allow a more targeted approach to remove the most toxic components of air pollution, and could possibly provide a means to decrease individual sensitivity to air pollution. As a consequence of recent research undertaken in a number of different countries, using a range of different approaches, oxidative stress has …
Pricing and cost recovery experience in family planning programs (1985)

Policymakers in LDCs are currently caught by the conflicting objectives of continuing to make family planning programs widely available and at the same time reducing public expenditures. User support through cost recovery provides one major alternative to the use of public expenditures for these services. Drawing on available evidence, this paper describes cost recovery experience in LDC family planning programs and examines some of the issues determining consumer willingness to pay, particularly the full consumer cost of obtaining family planning services and the sensitivity of consumer demand to changes and differences in contraceptive prices. The objective of this study is to assess available evidence within a policy relevant framework and explore some of the major issues that need to be addressed in the design and implementation of effective cost recovery efforts in family planning. The evidence suggests that although free commodities are probably unnecessary, commercial prices can be too high for the average household, and certainly for the poor. Although contraceptive subsidies do benefit the poor, the subsidy is too broad, encompassing income groups that are willing and able to pay for family planning services without it.
Volume‐Enhanced Raman Scattering Detection of Viruses (2019)

Virus detection and analysis are of critical importance in biological fields and medicine. Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) has shown great promise in small molecule and even single molecule detection, and can provide fingerprint signals of molecules. Despite the powerful detection capabilities of SERS, the size discrepancy between the SERS "hot spots" (generally, <10 nm) and viruses (usually, sub-100 nm) yields poor detection reliability of viruses. Inspired by the concept of molecular imprinting, a volume-enhanced Raman scattering (VERS) substrate composed of hollow nanocones at the bottom of microbowls (HNCMB) is developed. The hollow nanocones of the resulting VERS substrates serve a twofold purpose: 1) extending the region of Raman signal enhancement from the nanocone surface (e.g., surface "hot spots") to the hollow area within the cone (e.g., volume "hot spots")-a novel method of Raman signal enhancement, and 2) directing analyte such as viruses of a wide range of sizes to those VERS "hot spots" while simultaneously increasing the surface area contributing to SERS. Using HNCMB VERS substrates, greatly improved Raman signals of single viruses are demonstrated, an achievement with important implications in disease diagnostics and monitoring, biomedical fields, as well as in clinical treatment.
The Relation of the United States to the Permanent Court of International Justice (1926)

An abstract is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.
Cross-Platform Multi-Modal Topic Modeling for Personalized Inter-Platform Recommendation (2015)

In this paper, we investigate a novel cross- platform multimedia problem: given two platforms, Flickr and Foursquare, we conduct the recommendation between these two platforms, namely the photo recommendation from Flickr to Foursquare users and the venue recommendation from Foursquare to Flickr users. Such inter-platform recommendations enable users from one single platform to enjoy different recommendation services effectively . To solve the problem, we propose a cross- platform multi-modal topic model ( CM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> TM), which is capable of: 1) differentiating between two kinds of topics, i.e., platform- specific topics only relevant to a certain platform and shared topics characterizing the knowledge shared by different platforms and 2) aligning multiple modalities from different platforms. Specifically, CM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> TM can not only split the topic space into the shared topic space and platform-specific topic space and learn them simultaneously, but also enable the alignment among different modalities through the learned topic space. Given the location information, we applied the proposed CM <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> TM into two inter-platform recommendation applications: 1) personalized venue recommendation from Foursquare to Flickr users and 2) personalized image recommendation from Flickr to Foursquare users. We have conducted experiments on the collected large-scale real-world dataset from Flickr and Foursquare. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation results validate the effectiveness of our method and demonstrate the advantage of connecting different platforms with different modalities for the inter-platform recommendation.
The Conformational Structure of Bovine Serum Albumin Layers Adsorbed at the Silica−Water Interface (1998)

The adsorption of bovine serum albumin (BSA) at the hydrophilic silica−water interface has been studied using specular neutron reflection. The measurements were made over the concentration range from 0.005 to 0.5 g dm-3. The surface excess was found to vary from 1.8 to 2.4 mg m-2. The layers could be modeled using a single uniform layer model, suggesting that over the concentration range studied there is insignificant denaturation, which would lead to a more fragmented peptide distribution and hence layers of different density. Comparison of the layer thickness with the dimensions of the ellipsoidal structure of the globular solution structure indicates that the molecules adsorb sideways-on. Nevertheless, the layer thickness is always less than 40 Å, suggesting that adsorption onto the hydrophilic surface results in some structural deformation. The increase of layer thickness with bulk concentration suggests that the extent of the distortion is reduced as the lateral repulsion between protein molecules increases. The effect of pH on the adsorbed BSA layer was examined by varying the pH at a fixed BSA concentration of 0.15 g dm-3. The cycle was started at a pH of 5.1, followed by pH 7, 5.1, 3, and then back to 5.1. The neutron reflectivity profiles showed no hysteresis in either adsorbed amount or structure. The reversibility of the adsorption of BSA with respect to pH is consistent with no denaturation occurring on the surface. The adsorbed amount was a maximum at pH 5.1, which is close to the isoelectric point at pH 4.8.
Differences among human tumor cell lines in the expression of glutathione transferases and other glutathione-linked enzymes (1990)

A large number of human tumor cell lines of various origins have been investigated with respect to expression of glutathione-linked enzymes in the cytosol fraction. The amounts of the different enzymes were estimated by use of activity measurements and by silver staining or immunoblot analysis after electrophoresis of cytosol fractions purified by affinity chromatography on S-hexylglutathione Sepharose. Class Pi glutathione transferase was the most abundant enzyme in most tumor cells; the cell lines HepG2 and Raji were exceptions in not expressing significant amounts of this enzyme. HepG2 cells derive from hepatocytes, which normally do not express the class Pi enzyme, whereas Raji cells originate from B-lymphocytes, which normally do express a class Pi glutathione transferase. The highest level of the class Pi transferase, in terms of protein reacting with antibodies as well as enzyme activity, was noted in the colon carcinoma cell line LS174T. Hu549Pat cells, EBV-transformed B-lymphocytes, also expressed high levels of a protein reacting with antibodies specific for class Pi glutathione transferases, but did not display any significant activity with ethacrynic acid, a substrate characteristic for this class. Class Alpha and class Mu glutathione transferases, in cell lines expressing these isoenzymes, were present in significantly lower concentrations than the class Pi enzyme. Most of the tumor cells contained a class Alpha transferase composed of 27.5 kd subunits, which has the physicochemical and immunological properties of the most basic glutathione transferase found in human skin. In several cell lines, a protein was detected with an apparent subunit Mr value of 30 kd that was tentatively identified as an additional class Alpha glutathione transferase not previously described. In addition, other glutathione-linked enzyme activities, namely glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glyoxalase I, were assayed with specific substrates in the cytosolic fraction of the tumor cells; glyoxalase I could also be estimated semiquantitatively by silver staining of SDS-PAGE cells after affinity chromatography. Like the glutathione transferases, these enzymes displayed distinctly different levels of expression in the various cell lines. Thus, virtually every cell line was found to have a unique pattern of glutathione-linked enzymes, suggesting that the resistance phenotypes of the cells differ accordingly.
Analysis of the human guanylin gene and the processing and cellular localization of the peptide. (1995)

The complete cell biological analysis of human guanylin, a recently discovered regulatory peptide, is offered in this investigation: (i) the nucleotide sequence of the gene, (ii) the isolation and characterization of its circulating molecular form, and (iii) its localization in enterochromaffin cells of the gut. As determined by molecular cloning, DNA sequencing, and comparison with the known cDNA sequence, the approximately 2.6-kbp large gene consists of three exons interrupted by two introns. The putative promoter region contains a TTTAAAA sequence motif and several potential binding sites for transcription factors such as AP-1, AP-2, Sp 1, and glucocorticoid receptors. The isolated hormonal form of guanylin is a 94-amino acid peptide with a molecular mass of 10.3 kDa. Western blot analysis of RP-HPLC fractions from blood plasma confirms this molecular form. Thus, guanylin is synthesized by gut enterochromaffin cells as a prohormone of 115 amino acids and is processed to the molecular form of 94 amino acids circulating in the blood.
RECENT BRIDGE STRENGTHENING RESEARCH (1992)

This paper briefly describes four research projects involving various procedures for strengthening bridges. In two of the projects, post- tensioning is applied to steel-beam, composite- concrete deck bridges (simple spans and continuous spans). The post-tensioning procedures have been tested on model bridges in the laboratory and also have been installed and tested on existing bridges. One of the projects is primarily a literature review which culminated in the development of a strengthening manual for practicing engineers. The final project presented was a laboratory investigation to study the feasibility of using partial end restraint to reduce positive moment stresses and superimposed trusses to reduce negative moment stresses. (A) For the covering abstract of the conference see IRRD 850834.
Selective modification of insulin action in adipose tissue by hyperthyroidism (1997)

Adipose-tissue lipolysis (assessed from glycerol release) and glucose uptake were examined in parametrial and mesenteric adipocytes prepared from control or hyperthyroid rats in relation to changes in insulin sensitivity. Basal rates of lipolysis did not differ significantly between adipose-tissue depots. Lipolysis was maximally stimulated by noradrenaline at 1 microM, half-maximal anti-lipolytic effects of insulin were observed at approximately 11 microU/ ml insulin, and half-maximal stimulation of glucose uptake was observed at approximately 16 microU/ml insulin in adipocytes from both depots. Wortmannin caused a dose-dependent inhibition of the anti-lipolytic effect of insulin (150 microU/ml) on noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis. Half-maximal effects of wortmannin were observed at 20-40 nM. The p70S6K inhibitor rapamycin and the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase inhibitor PD098059 had no effects on noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis. Hyperthyroidism increased basal rates of lipolysis and the maximal response of lipolysis to noradrenaline stimulation (3.1-fold, P < 0.001 and 2.1-fold, P < 0.05 respectively) in parametrial adipocytes. Hyperthyroidism markedly blunted the sensitivity of noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis to half-maximal suppression by insulin in both parametrial and mesenteric adipocyte depots, and noradrenaline-stimulated lipolysis at a maximal insulin concentration remained significantly higher in adipocytes prepared from hyperthyroid rats compared with controls. Hyperthyroidism had no effect on basal and little effect on insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Tri-iodothyronine administered at a low dose selectively influenced the anti-lipolytic action of insulin in parametrial adipocytes, and led to significantly less marked elevation in plasma non-esterified fatty acid concentrations in vivo. The results demonstrate a selective effect of hyperthyroidism to impair insulin's anti-lipolytic action, and are consistent with the operation of different downstream signalling mechanisms for the effects of insulin on adipocyte glucose transport and lipolysis.