gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Mechanism of Enamine Reactions. III.<sup>1</sup> The Basicity of Tertiary Enamines (1965)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMechanism of Enamine Reactions. III.1 The Basicity of Tertiary EnaminesE. J. Stamhuis, W. Maas, and Hans WynbergCite this: J. Org. Chem. 1965, 30, 7, 2160–2163Publication Date (Print):July 1, 1965Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 July 1965https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo01018a010https://doi.org/10.1021/jo01018a010research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views334Altmetric-Citations30LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Differential expression of cell cycle and WNT pathway-related genes accounts for differences in the growth and differentiation potential of Wharton’s jelly and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (2017)

Overall, these data are anticipated to contribute to the better characterization of WJ-MSCs and BM-MSCs for potential clinical applications.
A high-performance mapping algorithm for heterogeneous computing systems (2002)

A mapping algorithm for heterogeneous computing systems is proposed in this paper. This algorithm utilizes a new indicator-the relative cost-to obtain optimal mapping. The existing Min-min algorithm can be well explained under synergy of this new indicator. It is found that the Min-min algorithm leaves room for improvement because of its haste to reduce completion time by overlooking the impact of load balance. Our new algorithm retains the advantages of the Min-min algorithm and balances the load very well. It demonstrates the ability to generate good mapping in various heterogeneous environments.
Quantification of Collagen Organization and Extracellular Matrix Factors within the Healing Ligament (2011)

Ligament healing of a grade III injury (i.e., a complete tear) involves a multifaceted chain of events that forms a neoligament, which is more scar-like in character than the native tissue. The remodeling process may last months or even years with the injured ligament never fully recovering pre-injury mechanical properties. With tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, understanding the normal healing process in ligament and quantifying it provide a basis to create and assess innovative treatments. Ligament fibroblasts produce a number of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, including collagen types I and III, decorin and fibromodulin. Using a combination of advanced histology, molecular biology, and nonlinear optical imaging approaches, the early ECM events during ligament healing have been better characterized and defined. First, the dynamic changes in ECM factors after injury are shown. Second, the factors associated with creeping substitution are identified. Finally, a method to quantify collagen organization is developed and used. Each ECM factor described herein as well as the temporal quantification of fiber organization helps elucidate the complexity of ligament healing.
Context-sensitive user interfaces for semantic services (2012)

Service-centric solutions usually require rich context to fully deliver and better reflect on the underlying applications. We present a novel use of context in the form of customized user interface services with the concept of User Interface as a Service (UIaaS). UIaaS takes user profiles as input to generate context-aware interface services. Such interface services can be used as context to augment semantic services with contextual information leading to UIaaS as a Context (UIaaSaaC). The added serendipitous benefit of the proposed concept is that the composition of a customized user interface with the requested service is performed by the service composition engine, as is the case with any other services. We use a special-purpose language (called User Interface Description Language (UIDL)) to model and realize user interfaces as services. We use a real-life e-government application, human services delivery for the citizens, as a proof-of-concept. We also present a comprehensive evaluation of the proposed approach using a functional evaluation and a nonfunctional evaluation consisting of an end user usability test and expert usability reviews.
Lung tumor tracking in fluoroscopic video based on optical flow (2008)

Respiratory gating and tumor tracking for dynamic multileaf collimator delivery require accurate and real-time localization of the lung tumor position during treatment. Deriving tumor position from external surrogates such as abdominal surface motion may have large uncertainties due to the intra- and interfraction variations of the correlation between the external surrogates and internal tumor motion. Implanted fiducial markers can be used to track tumors fluoroscopically in real time with sufficient accuracy. However, it may not be a practical procedure when implanting fiducials bronchoscopically. In this work, a method is presented to track the lung tumor mass or relevant anatomic features projected in fluoroscopic images without implanted fiducial markers based on an optical flow algorithm. The algorithm generates the centroid position of the tracked target and ignores shape changes of the tumor mass shadow. The tracking starts with a segmented tumor projection in an initial image frame. Then, the optical flow between this and all incoming frames acquired during treatment delivery is computed as initial estimations of tumor centroid displacements. The tumor contour in the initial frame is transferred to the incoming frames based on the average of the motion vectors, and its positions in the incoming frames are determined by fine-tuning the contour positions using a template matching algorithm with a small search range. The tracking results were validated by comparing with clinician determined contours on each frame. The position difference in 95% of the frames was found to be less than 1.4 pixels (approximately 0.7 mm) in the best case and 2.8 pixels (approximately 1.4 mm) in the worst case for the five patients studied.
Comparing client and server dwell time estimates for click-level satisfaction prediction (2014)

Click dwell time is the amount of time that a user spends on a clicked search result. Many previous studies have shown that click dwell time is strongly correlated with result-level satisfaction and document relevance. Accurate estimates of dwell time are therefore important for applications such as search satisfaction prediction and result ranking. However, dwell time can be estimated in different ways according to the information available about the search process. For example, a result reached for the query [Garfield] may involve 145s of "server-side" dwell time (observable to the search engine) and 40s of "client-side" dwell time (observable from the browser). Since search engines can only observe server-side actions (i.e., activity on the search engine result page), server-side dwell times are estimated by measuring the time between a search result click and the next search event (click or query). Conversely, more detailed information about page dwell times can be obtained via client-side methods such as Web browser toolbars. The client-side information enables the estimation of more accurate dwell times by measuring the amount of time that a user spends on pages of interest (either the landing page, or pages on the full navigation trail). In this paper, we define three different dwell times, i.e., server-side, client-side, and trail dwell time, and examine their effectiveness for predicting click satisfaction. For this, we collect toolbar and search engine logs from real users, and provide an analysis of dwell times for improving prediction performance. Moreover, we show further improvements in predicting click-level satisfaction by combining dwell times with other query features (e.g., query clarity).
RNA editing catalyzed by ADAR1 and its function in mammalian cells (2011)

In mammalian cells two active enzymes, ADAR1 and ADAR2, carry out A-to-I RNA editing. These two editases share many common features in their protein structures, catalytic activities, and substrate requirements. However, the phenotypes of the knockout animals are remarkably different, which indicate the distinct functions they play. The most striking effect of ADAR1 knockout is cell death and interruption of embryonic development that are not observed in ADAR2 knockout. Evidences have shown that ADAR1 plays critical roles in the differentiating cells in embryo and adult tissues to support the cell's survival and permit their further differentiation and maturation. However, our knowledge in understanding of the mechanism by which ADAR1 exerts its unique effects is very limited. Many efforts had been made trying to understand why ADAR1 is so important that it is indispensible for animal survival, including studies that identify the RNA editing substrates and studies on non-editing mechanisms. The interest of this review is focused on the question why ADAR1 and not ADAR2 is required for cell survival. Therefore, only the data, published and unpublished, potentially connecting ADAR1 to its cell death effect is selectively cited and discussed here. The features of cell death caused by ADAR1 deletion are summarized. Potential involvement of interferon and protein kinase RNA-activated (PKR) pathways is proposed, but obviously more experimental evaluations are needed.
China's High-technology Standards Development (2007)

There are several major technology standards, including audio video coding (AVS), automotive electronics, third generation (3G) mobile phones, mobile television, wireless networks and digital terrestrial television broadcasting, that have been released or are currently under development in China. This article offers a detailed analysis of each standard and studies their impact on China's high-technology industry.
RDH10 is essential for synthesis of embryonic retinoic acid and is required for limb, craniofacial, and organ development (2007)

Regulation of patterning and morphogenesis during embryonic development depends on tissue-specific signaling by retinoic acid (RA), the active form of Vitamin A (retinol). The first enzymatic step in RA synthesis, the oxidation of retinol to retinal, is thought to be carried out by the ubiquitous or overlapping activities of redundant alcohol dehydrogenases. The second oxidation step, the conversion of retinal to RA, is performed by retinaldehyde dehydrogenases. Thus, the specific spatiotemporal distribution of retinoid synthesis is believed to be controlled exclusively at the level of the second oxidation reaction. In an N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced forward genetic screen we discovered a new midgestation lethal mouse mutant, called trex, which displays craniofacial, limb, and organ abnormalities. The trex phenotype is caused by a mutation in the short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase, RDH10. Using protein modeling, enzymatic assays, and mutant embryos, we determined that RDH10(trex) mutant protein lacks the ability to oxidize retinol to retinal, resulting in insufficient RA signaling. Thus, we show that the first oxidative step of Vitamin A metabolism, which is catalyzed in large part by the retinol dehydrogenase RDH10, is critical for the spatiotemporal synthesis of RA. Furthermore, these results identify a new nodal point in RA metabolism during embryogenesis.
Applications of sliding window reconstruction with cartesian sampling for dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (2002)

Applications of dynamic contrast enhanced MR imaging are increasing and require both high spatial resolution and high temporal resolution. Perfusion studies using susceptibility contrast in particular require very high temporal resolution. The sliding window reconstruction is a technique for increasing temporal resolution. It has previously been applied to radial and spiral sampling, but these schemes require extensive correction and interpolation during image reconstruction. Fourier raw data can be reconstructed simply and quickly using the fast fourier transform (FFT). This paper presents a new Fourier-based sampling scheme and sliding window reconstruction that facilitates fast scanning without needing correction or interpolation. This technique can be used on virtually any MR scanner since it requires no specialized hardware. It is implemented here as a dual gradient echo sequence providing simultaneous T(1)- and T(2)*-weighted images with a time resolution of 1.1 s.
Applications and Benefits of Catalytic Converter Thermal Management (1996)

<div class="htmlview paragraph">A catalytic converter thermal management system (TMS) using variable-conductance vacuum insulation and phase-change thermal storage can maintain the converter temperature above its operating temperature for many hours, allowing most trips to begin with minimal “cold-start” emissions. The latest converter TMS prototype was tested on a Ford Taurus (3.0 liter flex-fuel engine) at Southwest Research Institute. Following a 24-hour soak, the FTP-75 emissions were 0.031, 0.13, and 0.066 g/mile for NMHC, CO, and NO<sub>x</sub>, respectively. Tests were also run using 85% ethanol (E85), resulting in values of 0.005, 0.124, and 0.044 g/mile, and 0.005 g/mile NMOG. Compared to the baseline FTP levels, these values represent reductions of 84% to 96% for NMHC, NMOG, and CO.</div>
Indirect Reduction of Aryldiazonium Salts onto Cathodically Activated Platinum Surfaces:  Formation of Metal−Organic Structures (2005)

Platinum phases of general formula [Pt(n-), M+, MX] can be electrogenerated from cathodic polarization in dry dimethylformamide containing a supporting electrolyte, MX. The reaction of these electrogenerated Pt phases as reducing agent with aryldiazonium salts was investigated for preparing controlled metal-organic interfaces and characterizing the reactivity of the "reduced platinum phases". In a two-step process, the "reduced platinum phase" locally reacts with aryldiazonium salts, leading to the attachment of aryl groups onto the metal surface in the previously modified areas. Detailed experiments using cyclic voltammetry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (EC-AFM) were carried out to follow the reaction in solution with the example of NaI as supporting electrolyte (MX = NaI). These studies demonstrate the irreversible attachment of aryl groups onto the platinum electrode. Comparison between the direct electroreduction of aryldiazonium compounds (4-nitrophenyl- and 4-bromophenyldiazonium) on a platinum electrode and their reaction with [Pt2-, Na+, NaI] suggests that a similar general mechanism is responsible for the grafting. However in the second case, no applied potential is required to stimulate the binding thanks to the reductive properties of [Pt2-, Na+, NaI]. Competitive reduction of the organic layer and growth of the layer were observed and analyzed as a function of the injected charge used to initially produce [Pt2-, Na+, NaI]. Similar reactions are highly probable with other MX salts owing to the redox properties observed for this type of platinum phase ([Pt(n-), M+, MX]).
Melanin-associated pigmented lesions of the oral mucosa: presentation, differential diagnosis, and treatment (2010)

Intraoral pigmentation is quite common and has numerous etiologies, ranging from exogenous to physiological to neoplastic. Many pigmented lesions of the oral cavity are associated with melanin pigment. The differential diagnosis of mucosal pigmented lesions includes hematomas, varices, and petechiae which may appear to be pigmented. Unlike cutaneous melanomas, oral melanomas are diagnosed late and have a poor prognosis regardless of depth of invasion. As such, the clinical presentation and treatment of intraoral melanoma will be discussed. Developing a differential diagnosis is imperative for a clinician faced with these lesions in order to appropriately treat the patient. This article will focus on the most common oral melanocytic lesions, along with mimics.
High efficiency monochromatic GaAs solar cells (2002)

Efforts to develop GaAs solar cells for coupling to laser beams in the wavelength range of 800 to 840 nm are described. The work has been motivated primarily by interest in space-to-space power beaming applications. Modeling calculations of GaAs cell performance have been carried out using PC-1D to determine an appropriate design for p/n and n/p cell structures. Epitaxial layers were grown by MOCVD and cells were fabricated. Measurements under laser beam and simulated conditions yield an efficiency of 52.1% for a cell coupled to 806 nm light at 100 mW/cm/sup 2/.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Lung-Specific Loss of α3 Laminin Worsens Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis (2014)

Laminins are heterotrimeric proteins that are secreted by the alveolar epithelium into the basement membrane, and their expression is altered in extracellular matrices from patients with pulmonary fibrosis. In a small number of patients with pulmonary fibrosis, we found that the normal basement membrane distribution of the α3 laminin subunit was lost in fibrotic regions of the lung. To determine if these changes play a causal role in the development of fibrosis, we generated mice lacking the α3 laminin subunit specifically in the lung epithelium by crossing mice expressing Cre recombinase driven by the surfactant protein C promoter (SPC-Cre) with mice expressing floxed alleles encoding the α3 laminin gene (Lama3(fl/fl)). These mice exhibited no developmental abnormalities in the lungs up to 6 months of age, but, compared with control mice, had worsened mortality, increased inflammation, and increased fibrosis after the intratracheal administration of bleomycin. Similarly, the severity of fibrosis induced by an adenovirus encoding an active form of transforming growth factor-β was worse in mice deficient in α3 laminin in the lung. Taken together, our results suggest that the loss of α3 laminin in the lung epithelium does not affect lung development, but plays a causal role in the development of fibrosis in response to bleomycin or adenovirally delivered transforming growth factor-β. Thus, we speculate that the loss of the normal basement membrane organization of α3 laminin that we observe in fibrotic regions from the lungs of patients with pulmonary fibrosis contributes to their disease progression.
The Subjective Visual Vertical as a Clinical Parameter for Acute and Chronic Vestibular (Otolith) Disorders (1999)

"The Subjective Visual Vertical as a Clinical Parameter for Acute and Chronic Vestibular (Otolith) Disorders." Acta Oto-Laryngologica, 119(2), pp. 126–127
Improved scroll bars (2000)

In general, scroll bar designs are weak and do not offer adequate cognitive aids to help the user trying to form a mental model of the material. Several suggestions of better designs have been presented, and we have developed some of them further. In this paper, we present two components, an improved scroll bar with bookmarks and a calendar scroll bar, which we have implemented as reusable Java Beans.
Rheological and topological characterizations of electron beam irradiation prepared long‐chain branched polylactic acid (2011)

Abstract In this study, a series of linear‐ and long‐chain branched polylactic acid (PLA) samples was prepared by electron beam irradiation without or with addition of a trifunctional monomer, trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA). The chain structures of the PLA samples were characterized by size‐exclusion chromatography coupled with a light scattering detector (SEC‐MALLS) and shear and extensional rheology. PLA tends to degrade while keeps linear structures with increasing irradiation dose and without addition of TMPTA, as evidenced by decreased molecular mass M w and reductions of storage modulus G′ and the zero shear viscosity η 0 . Long‐chain branched PLA samples were successfully prepared with irradiation and addition of TMPTA, which shows prominent higher η 0 and apparent flow activation energy, longer characteristic relaxation time τ, and pronounced strain‐hardening behaviors. With increasing amount of TMPTA, M w dependences of η 0 and the root mean square radius of gyration R g obviously deviate from the scaling relation of linear PLA samples, which strongly indicates the increased long‐chain branching degree for the branched PLA samples. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2011
<i>L</i>-Carnitine in Experimental Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury (2002)

The effect of L-carnitine on retinal ischemia-reperfusion injury was evaluated in guinea pigs. 90 min of pressure-induced retinal ischemia followed by 24 h of reperfusion was established in both eyes of 2 groups of animals receiving either L-carnitine (100 mg/kg repeated in 5 doses) or saline intraperitoneally. After enucleation of all the eyes, including those of a control group, malonyldialdehyde (MDA) levels and the thickness of the retinal tissue were measured in 3 groups. The mean MDA value and the tissue thickness of the L-carnitine-treated group were statistically insignificant versus the control group (p > 0.05 and p > 0.05, respectively). However, these values were significantly different in the group receiving saline versus the control group and that receiving L-carnitine (p < 0.001, p < 0.001 and p < 0.001, p < 0.001 respectively). L-Carnitine might be an alternative drug for ischemia-reperfusion injury of the retina.
Synthesis of ortho-Acetamidomandelic Acid Derivatives from Isatins (2002)

Department of Chemistry and Institute of Basic Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, KoreaReceived June 29, 2002Key Words : Acetamidomandelic acids, Isatins, Baylis-Hillman reactionMandelic acid derivatives are important synthetic inter-mediates in organic synthesis for many biologically activecompounds.
Prevalence and Prognosis of Coexistent Asymptomatic Intracranial Stenosis (2008)

Whereas the prevalence of coexisting AIS (50% to 99%) in patients with symptomatic stenosis is high, the risk of stroke from these asymptomatic stenoses is low.