gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Function and localization of cytochromes P450 involved in the metabolic activation of food-derived heterocyclic amines. (1995)

Using a variety of approaches including purified forms of cytochrome P450, cDNA expression systems, hybridization histochemistry, immunochemical techniques and metabolic inhibition studies, we have demonstrated that CYP1A proteins are expressed in rabbit and human liver and are primarily responsible for the activation of heterocyclic amines by this tissue in both species. However, in the human gastrointestinal tract which represents the major portal of entry for heterocyclic amines into the body, CYP1A proteins are negligibly expressed. CYP1A1 is constitutively expressed in the rabbit small intestine. In contrast to the CYP1A subfamily, expression of the CYP3A subfamily was demonstrated in both the rabbit and human gastrointestinal tract. In both species, CYP3A expression was highest in the duodenum and declined down the remainder of the gastrointestinal tract. CYP3A expression could be demonstrated in some human colons using hybridization histochemistry and RNA blotting. Members of the human CYP3A subfamily (CYP3A4 and CYP3A5) were capable of activating the heterocyclic amine, 2-amino-3,4-dimethylimadazo[4,5,f]quinoline (MeIQ), to a mutagen in the Ames test in the presence of the modulating flavonoid, alpha-napthoflavone. In addition, Rifampicin-induced rabbit liver microsomes which are enriched for CYP3A6, show enhanced activation of MeIQ in the presence of alpha-napthoflavone. In contrast to the CYP1A and CYP3A subfamilies, CYP4B1 expression is easily demonstrated in rabbit colon using immunochemical and RNA detection techniques. Moreover, the activation of 2-aminofluorene was comparable in microsomes from the small and large intestine of rabbits. Only low and variable expression of CYP4B1 was observed in human colon at the mRNA level. From these results, it is clear that CYP1A, CYP3A and CYP4B1 expression is negligible in human colon. The possibility exists that heterocyclic amines are first activated in the liver and are transported to the colon as either hydroxylamines or glucuronides, where they undergo further activation by beta-glucuronidases, sulfotransferases and N-acetyltransferases.
A Ground-based Regional Augmentation System (GRAS) - The Australian Proposal (2000)

Airservices Australia has proposed a blending of 
Space/Ground-based Augmentation System (SBAS/GBAS) 
concepts to enhance GPS/GNSS capabilities for 
supporting civil navigation needs in its national airspace. 
This approach, called the Ground-based Regional 
Augmentation System (GRAS), is SBAS-like in using a 
distributed network of reference stations for monitoring 
GPS, and a central processing facility for computing GPS 
integrity and differential correction information. But 
instead of transmitting this information to users via 
dedicated geostationary satellites (GEOs), GRAS delivers 
SBAS message data to a network of terrestrial stations for 
a local check and reformatting. Each site emits a GBAS-
like, VHF Data Broadcast (VDB) signal in a TDMA-
managed time slot. Users can employ a GPS/GBAS-
capable receiver to obtain GPS augmentation data for both 
enroute and terminal area approach/departure operations 
depending on the VHF network coverage. The GRAS 
approach is beneficial in Australia where a GEO satellite 
is either not available or too costly to broadcast SBAS 
data. GRAS also allows for Sovereignty control while 
still providing unified corrections and integrity for enroute 
capability. 
This paper presents further details of the GRAS concept 
envisioned for Australia, a description of the test bed 
developed for demonstrating GRAS technical capabilities, 
and the results of preliminary flight trials including en-
route and Non Precision Approach (NPA) operations. As 
a prelude to the development and validation of Standards 
and Required Practices (SARPs) for GRAS through 
ICAO, the paper also discusses potential message 
modifications that could be made for GRAS as an 
extension to the GNSS SARPs.
Theoretical investigation of weak hydrogen bonds to sulfur (2003)

The interaction energies of the dimethylsulfide–methanol (I) and dimethylthiocarbonyl–methanol (II) complexes are calculated as a function of the S⋯H–O distances at various levels of theory and compared to those of their oxygen analogs. At the coupled cluster level the binding energy of (I) is −5.46 kcal/mol, only slightly smaller than the hydrogen bond energy of −5.97 kcal/mol for the corresponding oxygen analog, i.e., the dimethylether–methanol complex. It is also considerably larger than for dimethylether–methylthiol, where S and O of the parent complex are interchanged. Density functional theory is unable to describe these weak interactions properly. Choosing second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory, the interaction potential surfaces of both complexes with respect to the three relevant intermolecular coordinates are compared. The interactions in the hydrogen bonds involving sulfur are classified by Morokuma, atoms-in-molecules, and natural bond orbital analyses.
Machine learning of molecular electronic properties in chemical compound space (2013)

The combination of modern scientific computing with electronic structure theory can lead to an unprecedented amount of data amenable to intelligent data analysis for the identification of meaningful, novel and predictive structure–property relationships. Such relationships enable high-throughput screening for relevant properties in an exponentially growing pool of virtual compounds that are synthetically accessible. Here, we present a machine learning model, trained on a database of ab initio calculation results for thousands of organic molecules, that simultaneously predicts multiple electronic ground- and excited-state properties. The properties include atomization energy, polarizability, frontier orbital eigenvalues, ionization potential, electron affinity and excitation energies. The machine learning model is based on a deep multi-task artificial neural network, exploiting the underlying correlations between various molecular properties. The input is identical to ab initio methods, i.e. nuclear charges and Cartesian coordinates of all atoms. For small organic molecules, the accuracy of such a 'quantum machine' is similar, and sometimes superior, to modern quantum-chemical methods—at negligible computational cost.
Indexing the past, present, and anticipated future positions of moving objects (2006)

With the proliferation of wireless communications and geo-positioning, e-services are envisioned that exploit the positions of a set of continuously moving users to provide context-aware functionality to each individual user. Because advances in disk capacities continue to outperform Moore's Law, it becomes increasingly feasible to store online all the position information obtained from the moving e-service users. With the much slower advances in I/O speeds and many concurrent users, indexing techniques are of the essence in this scenario.Existing indexing techniques come in two forms. Some techniques capture the position of an object up until the time of the most recent position sample, while other techniques represent an object's position as a constant or linear function of time and capture the position from the current time and into the (near) future. This article offers an indexing technique capable of capturing the positions of moving objects at all points in time. The index substantially modifies partial persistence techniques, which support transaction time, to support valid time for monitoring applications. The performance of a timeslice query is independent of the number of past position samples stored for an object. No existing indices exist with these characteristics.
LIN28B confers radio-resistance through the posttranscriptional control of KRAS (2009)

To screen the differentially expressed microRNAs related to radio-resistance, we compared the microRNA profiles of lung cancer cells with different responses to ionizing radiation (IR). Of 328 microRNAs in microarray, 27 microRNAs were differentially expressed in NCI-H460 (H460) and NCI-H1299 (H1299) cells. Among them, let-7g was down-regulated in radio-resistant H1299 cells, and the level of let-7g was higher in radio-sensitive cells like Caski, H460, and ME180 in qRT-PCR analysis than in radio-resistant cells like A549, H1299, DLD1, and HeLa. Over-expression of let-7g in H1299 cells could suppress the translation of KRAS, and increase the sensitivity to IR. When we knockdown the expression of LIN28B, an upstream regulator of let-7g, the level of mature let-7g was increased in H1299 cells and the sensitivity to IR was also enhanced in LIN28B knockdown cells. From these data, we suggest that LIN28B plays an important role in radiation responses of lung cancer cells through inhibiting let-7g processing and increasing translation of KRAS.
A novel 3′-end repair mechanism in an RNA virus (1997)

Many positive-stranded RNA viruses contain short, single-stranded 3' ends that are vulnerable to degradation by host cellular RNases. Therefore, the existence of a 3'-end repair mechanism (analogous to cellular telomerases) must be required and/or advantageous for RNA viruses. Accordingly, we provide evidence suggesting that deletions of up to 6 nt from the 3' end of satellite (sat-) RNA C (a small parasitic RNA associated with turnip crinkle carmovirus) are repaired to the wild-type sequence in vivo and in vitro. The novel 3'-end repair mechanism involves the production of 4-8 nt oligoribonucleotides by abortive synthesis by the viral replicase using the 3' end of the viral genomic RNA as template. Based on our in vitro results, we postulate that the oligoribonucleotides are able to prime synthesis of wild-type negative-strand sat-RNA C in a reaction that does not require base pairing of the oligoribonucleotides to the mutant, positive-strand RNA template. The discovery of a 3'-end repair mechanism opens up new strategies for interfering with viral infections.
The molecular basis of thalassaemia major and thalassaemia intermedia in Asian Indians: application to prenatal diagnosis (1988)

A study of the molecular pathology of beta thalassaemia in the Asian Indian immigrant population in the U.K. included 37 patients with thalassaemia major and 14 with thalassaemia intermedia. Using a combination of oligonucleotide probe hybridization and restriction endonuclease analysis the mutations in 100/102 (98%) of the beta thalassaemia genes were characterized. Nine different types were found, of which six are associated with beta zero, one with severe beta+ and two with mild beta+ thalassaemia. Comparison of the beta-globin gene cluster haplotypes, alpha globin genotypes and beta gene mutations of the thalassaemia major group with the thalassaemia intermedia group suggests that the co-inheritance of a high Hb F determinant associated with the - + - + + 5' beta haplotype and the inheritance of a mild beta-thalassaemia mutation are the major ameliorating factors of disease severity in Asian Indians. In comparison with other population groups. beta thalassaemia in Asian Indians is not associated with one or two predominant mutations. Despite this, prenatal diagnosis by direct detection is possible in the majority of families by restriction analysis and a limited number of oligonucleotide probes since the majority of severely affected individuals are homozygous for a single mutation. The characterization of these mutations should be useful for the planning of prenatal diagnosis programmes for beta thalassaemia in other Asian Indian communities.
The Cyclic Alternating Pattern as a Physiologic Component of Normal NREM Sleep (1985)

The cyclic alternating pattern (CAP) is a long-lasting periodic activity consisting of two alternate electroencephalogram (EEG) patterns. This variation in EEG is closely related to fluctuations in the level of arousal that characterize two different functional states in the arousal control mechanism. We studied 20 sleep records of 10 healthy subjects to see if CAP appears under physiologic conditions. During NREM sleep, CAP corresponded to a periodic succession of spontaneous phasic phenomena recurring within every stage, i.e., intermittent alpha rhythm, K-complex sequences, and reactive slow wave sequences. The following analyses were performed. Each EEG specific alternating pattern, defined as a cycle, was subdivided into two phases depending on the arousal response to stimulation. Average cycle length, average duration of each phase, and average ratio phase/cycle were calculated. CAP rate defined as (CAP time/Sleep time) was calculated for total sleep time (TST), (Cap time/TST); for NREM sleep, (CAP time/Total NREM); and for each NREM sleep stage. CAP is the EEG translation of the reorganization of the sleeping brain challenged by the modification of environmental conditions.
Characteristics of Glutamate-Evoked Temporomandibular Joint Afferent Activity in the Rat (2001)

Injection of glutamate into the rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ) capsule can reflexly induce a prolonged increase in the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the jaw muscles, however, the characteristics of TMJ afferents activated by glutamate have not been investigated. In the present study, we examined the effect of glutamate injection into the TMJ capsule on jaw muscle EMG activity and the extracellularly recorded activity of single trigeminal afferents that had receptive fields in the TMJ tissue and antidromically identified projections to the brain stem subnucleus caudalis (Vc) in rats of both sexes. Glutamate (0.05--1.0 M, 10 microl) injection into the TMJ capsule evoked EMG activity in a dose-related manner; however, at concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0 M, glutamate-evoked digastric muscle responses were greater in female than in male rats. In experiments where jaw muscle EMG and afferent activity were recorded simultaneously, glutamate (0.5 M, 10 microl) injection into the TMJ capsule evoked activity in the jaw muscles as well as in 27 (26 A delta and 1 C-fiber afferent) of 34 trigeminal afferents that could be activated by blunt mechanical stimulation of the TMJ tissue. In these experiments, glutamate-evoked jaw muscle activity was significantly increased for 6 min after the glutamate injection, whereas afferent activity was significantly increased only during the first minute after the glutamate injection. The glutamate-evoked afferent activity was inversely related to conduction velocity and, in afferents with conduction velocities <10 m/s, was significantly greater in female (n = 6) than in male (n = 10) rats. These results suggest that glutamate excites putative nociceptive afferents within the TMJ to a greater degree in female than in male rats. This sex-related difference in afferent discharge may, in part, underlie sex-related differences in glutamate-evoked jaw muscle EMG activity.
The Relative Efficacy of Phenothiazines for the Treatment of Acute Migraine: A Meta‐Analysis (2009)

Phenothiazines are more effective than placebo for the treatment of migraine headache and have higher rates of clinical success than other agents against which they have been compared.
Automatic frame rate-based DVFS of game (2015)

The rapid development of mobile games highlights the power consumption problem in the mobile platform. Most of the power saving techniques use the prediction-based dynamic voltage frequency scaling (DVFS) scheme. However, the prediction could be inaccurate resulting from the frequent interactions of user when playing games. We have observed that frame rate is near-linear to CPU frequency, but there is a bottleneck, frame rate will not increase as CPU frequency increases when CPU frequency reaches this threshold. Moreover, previous research has shown that utilizing the information of game state can reduce the influence of game interactive characterization to DVFS policy. We explore a method to automatically detect the game state. We propose the Automatic Frame Rate-Based DVFS policy, which can learn the threshold of frame rate online and utilize the information of game state and frame rate to scale the frequency without prediction. Our evaluation result shows that, compared with the prediction-based Android default Interactive DVFS policy, our policy saves more power in all the testing games. Up to 15.2% more power can be saved by Automatic Frame Rate-Based DVFS policy.
The molecular form of acetylcholinesterase as determined by irradiation inactivation (Short Communication) (1974)

The molecular size of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7) from the electric organ of Electrophorus electricus and erythrocyte ;ghosts' was estimated in both membrane-bound and purified preparations by irradiation inactivation. Results suggest that the form of the enzyme in the membrane is a monomer of molecular weight approx. 75000 and that multiple forms of the enzyme observed in solubilized preparations are aggregates of this monomer.
Performance implications of component crosstalk in transparent lightwave networks (1994)

We find both theoretically and experimentally that crosstalk due to small component imperfections in transparent lightwave networks will tend to generate large performance degradations. The most severe degradations, which arise from interference between signal and crosstalk electric fields, are far larger than those predicted from simple power-addition without field interference. Systems corrupted by crosstalk from a single source of optical-field leakage appear to require component crosstalk levels /spl epsiv//spl les/-20 dB, if conventional receivers are used. Since the degradations are believed to depend on N/spl radic//spl epsiv/, where N is the number of crosstalk generators, each producing a crosstalk power level of /spl epsiv/, the problem is expected to grow rapidly severe with network size.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Fad or future? Automated analysis of financial text and its implications for corporate reporting (2019)

This paper describes the current state of natural language processing (NLP) as it applies to corporate reporting. We document dramatic increases in the quantity of verbal content that is an integral part of company reporting packages, as well as the evolution of text analytic approaches being employed to analyse this content. We provide intuitive descriptions of the leading analytic approaches applied in the academic accounting and finance literatures. This discussion includes key word searches and counts, attribute dictionaries, naïve Bayesian classification, cosine similarity, and latent Dirichlet allocation. We also discuss how increasing interest in NLP processing of the corporate reporting package could and should influence financial reporting regulation and note that textual analysis is currently more of an afterthought, if it is even considered. Opportunities for improving the usefulness of NLP processing are discussed, as well as possible impediments.
Mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II-binding proteins in human serum and urine. Their relation to the mannose 6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor II receptor (1988)

Human serum and urine contain polypeptides which bind mannose 6-phosphate (M6P) and insulin-like growth factor II (IGF II) and crossreact with antibodies against the M6P/IGF II receptor. These polypeptides are considered to be fragments of the M6P/IGF II receptor. The major Mr approx. 205,000 fragment in serum and urine is about 10 kDa smaller in size than the membrane-associated receptor and is accompanied by minor forms with Mr values ranging from 104,000 to 180,000. The presence of receptor fragments in biological fluids indicates that shedding is one of the mechanisms contributing to the turnover of the M6P/IGF II receptor and that receptor fragments are part of the heterogenous group of serum proteins whic bind IGF II.
New algorithm for overlapping cell treatment in hierarchical CAD data/electron beam exposure data conversion (1990)

In CAD data / electron beam exposure data conversion, a new algorithm to treat overlapping cells hierarchically is proposed. Geometric transformations, such as resizing, for overlapping cells are performed without referring to the other cells by introducing a data marking structure. The conversion time of a 16M DRAM and a 70Kgates LSI circuits becomes as short as 23 and 62 CPU minutes, respectively, using a 12 MIPS computer.
Deep Semantic Hashing with Generative Adversarial Networks (2017)

Hashing has been a widely-adopted technique for nearest neighbor search in large-scale image retrieval tasks. Recent research has shown that leveraging supervised information can lead to high quality hashing. However, the cost of annotating data is often an obstacle when applying supervised hashing to a new domain. Moreover, the results can suffer from the robustness problem as the data at training and test stage may come from different distributions. This paper studies the exploration of generating synthetic data through semi-supervised generative adversarial networks (GANs), which leverages largely unlabeled and limited labeled training data to produce highly compelling data with intrinsic invariance and global coherence, for better understanding statistical structures of natural data. We demonstrate that the above two limitations can be well mitigated by applying the synthetic data for hashing. Specifically, a novel deep semantic hashing with GANs (DSH-GANs) is presented, which mainly consists of four components: a deep convolution neural networks (CNN) for learning image representations, an adversary stream to distinguish synthetic images from real ones, a hash stream for encoding image representations to hash codes and a classification stream. The whole architecture is trained end-to-end by jointly optimizing three losses, i.e., adversarial loss to correct label of synthetic or real for each sample, triplet ranking loss to preserve the relative similarity ordering in the input real-synthetic triplets and classification loss to classify each sample accurately. Extensive experiments conducted on both CIFAR-10 and NUS-WIDE image benchmarks validate the capability of exploiting synthetic images for hashing. Our framework also achieves superior results when compared to state-of-the-art deep hash models.