gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular basis of alanine discrimination in editing site (2005)

AlaX is the homologue of the class II alanyl-tRNA synthetase editing domain and has been shown to exhibit autonomous editing activity against mischarged tRNA(Ala). Here, we present the structures of AlaX from the archaeon Pyrococcus horikoshii in apo form, complexed with zinc, and with noncognate amino acid l-serine and zinc. Together with mutational analysis, we demonstrated that the conserved Thr-30 hydroxyl group located near the beta-methylene of the bound serine is responsible for the discrimination of noncognate serine from cognate alanine, based on their chemical natures. Furthermore, we confirmed that the conserved Gln-584 in alanyl-tRNA synthetase, which corresponds to Thr-30 of AlaX, is also critical for discrimination. These observations strongly suggested conservation of the chemical discrimination among trans- and cis-editing of tRNA(Ala).
Absorption, pharmacokinetics and metabolism of<sup>14</sup>C-sumatriptan following intranasal administration to the rat (1996)

1. Studies have been carried out to investigate the absorption of sumatriptan after intranasal administration to rats. The pharmacokinetics, metabolism and excretion of 14C-sumatriptan were compared following intranasal and intravenous dosing to male and female albino rats using an aqueous buffered formulation at pH 5.5. 2. Following intravenous administration sumatriptan was eliminated from plasma with a half-life of about 1.1 h. After intranasal administration there was rapid absorption of part of the dose and two peak plasma concentrations were observed, initially at 0.5 and then at 1.5-2 h. The elimination half-life after the second peak was estimated as being about 4 h. 3. Radioactivity was largely excreted in urine (up to 89% of dose in 168 h) after both intravenous and intranasal administration, with a faster rate of excretion after intravenous dosage (73% males, 64% females within 6 h) than after intranasal dosage (37% males, 40% females within 6 h). 4. 14C-sumatriptan was the major component in urine and in extracts of faeces after both intravenous and intranasal administration. The major metabolite excreted in urine and faeces was GR49336, the indole acetic acid analogue. 5. The results of this in vivo rat study suggest that absorption of the dose via the nasal mucosa is incomplete after intranasal administration and that there is a secondary absorption phase probably reflecting oral absorption of part of the dose. The bioavailability is estimated as about 30%, for the period 0-6 h.
The Unsaturation of Membrane Lipids Stabilizes Photosynthesis against Heat Stress (1994)

The effect of the unsaturation of glycerolipids of thylakoid membranes on the heat tolerance of the photosynthetic evolution of oxygen was studied in vivo by mutation and transformation of fatty-acid desaturases in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis PCC6803. The experimental results indicate that elimination of dienoic lipid molecules decreases, to a small but distinct extent, the heat tolerance of photosynthetic oxygen evolution, but that elimination of trienoic lipid molecules has no effect on the heat tolerance. This conclusion contrasts with the previous hypothesis that the heat tolerance of photosynthesis is enhanced upon an increase in the level of saturation of membrane lipids. It is also shown that light does not affect the nature of the effect of lipid unsaturation on the heat tolerance of photosynthesis.
Virus-templated Au and Au/Pt Core/shell Nanowires and Their Electrocatalytic Activitives for Fuel Cell Applications. (2012)

A facile synthetic route was developed to make Au nanowires (NWs) from surfactant-mediated bio-mineralization of a genetically engineered M13 phage with specific Au binding peptides. From the selective interaction between Au binding M13 phage and Au ions in aqueous solution, Au NWs with uniform diameter were synthesized at room temperature with yields greater than 98 % without the need for size selection. The diameters of Au NWs were controlled from 10 nm to 50 nm. The Au NWs were found to be active for electrocatalytic oxidation of CO molecules for all sizes, where the activity was highly dependent on the surface facets of Au NWs. This low-temperature high yield method of preparing Au NWs was further extended to the synthesis of Au/Pt core/shell NWs with controlled coverage of Pt shell layers. Electro-catalytic studies of ethanol oxidation with different Pt loading showed enhanced activity relative to a commercial supported Pt catalyst, indicative of the dual functionality of Pt for the ethanol oxidation and Au for the anti-poisoning component of Pt. These new one-dimensional noble metal NWs with controlled compositions could facilitate the design of new alloy materials with tunable properties.
Contenido nutrimental del alimento proporcionado a murciélagos (Phyllostomidae) en cautiverio (2001)

El mantenimiento de murciélagos en\ncautiverio es necesario para realizar\ntrabajos de investigación sobre varios\nde sus aspectos biológicos. Uno de los\nfactores para poder mantenerlos en\ncautiverio es establecer una dieta equilibrada\ny palatable que promueva el\ndesarrollo y la reproducción de los\norganismos.\nEn este caso, se alimentaron 11 murciélagos\nde la familia Phyllostomidae\nen el Laboratorio de Cordados de la\nUniversidad Simón Bolívar, con la dieta\npropuesta por Pardo (1998). Se realizaron\ndiversos análisis, a través de\ndistintos métodos, para determinar los\nporcentajes de proteína (método\nKjeldahl), de lípidos (Soxhlet) y de hidratos\nde carbono (Fehling). También\nse midió la humedad, mediante termobalanza,\nfibras y cenizas.\nLos resultados mostraron que la dieta\nartificial contiene 70.18% de hidratos\nde carbono, 12.63% de proteína,\n5.94% de lípidos, 4.96% de fibra y\n6.29% de cenizas. Estos datos se asemejan\na los sugeridos por Hulme para\ndietas de murciélagos en cautiverio.
Static and dynamic interactions between Josephson junctions (1984)

This review covers the experimental and theoretical progress over the last 15 years in the study of systems of interacting Josephson junctions. Such systems are of interest for device applications and for investigations of nonequilibrium phenomena in superconductors. In the description of coupled Josephson elements the emphasis is on the "physics" involved in a number of interaction mechanisms and not so much on the technical problems encountered in the construction of arrays of coupled juntions.
Bupropion and other non-nicotine pharmacotherapies (2004)

Although nicotine replacement has been the first line drug treatment for smoking cessation for many years, other drugs of proved efficacy are also now available. Foremost among these is bupropion (marketed as Zyban). Bupropion was developed and initially introduced in the United States as an antidepressant but was subsequently noted to reduce the desire to smoke cigarettes and shown in clinical trials to be effective in smoking cessation.

Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant structurally similar to diethylpropion, an appetite suppressant. The mechanism of the antidepressant effect of bupropion is not fully understood, but bupropion inhibits reuptake of dopamine, noradrenaline, and serotonin in the central nervous system, is a non-competitive nicotine receptor antagonist, and at high concentrations inhibits the firing of noradrenergic neurons in the locus caeruleus.

It is not clear which of these effects accounts for the antismoking activity of the drug, but inhibition of the reductions in levels of dopamine and noradrenaline levels in the central nervous system that occur in nicotine withdrawal is likely to be important. The antismoking effect of bupropion does not seem to be related to the antidepressant effect as bupropion is equally effective as a smoking cessation therapy in smokers with and without depression.



Effects of bupropion on the central nervous system



When given in association with intensive behavioural support, bupropion is as effective as nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), and like NRT, leads to a near doubling of the smoking cessation rate, achieving long term abstinence in 19% of smokers who use it to quit.

The effectiveness of bupropion in conjunction with less intensive levels of behavioural support has not been tested in …
Updating flood maps efficiently; building on existing hydraulic information and modern elevation data with a GIS (1998)

Relatively inexpensive (in our pilot study, cost was about 10-20 percent of a re-study using traditional methods) and .. . . therefore can be updated frequently , upaatea map ^
Novel Survey Method Using a Rotary Steerable System Significantly Improves the Dynamic Inclination and Azimuth Measurement (2013)

Abstract When kicking off at low inclination, static measurement-while-drilling (MWD) surveys are used to confirm the kickoff direction when free of magnetic interference from offset wells. However, as MWD continuous azimuth and inclination measurements have limited accuracy, the directional driller will not have confidence in the kickoff direction with continuous (dynamic) survey while drilling, thus requiring additional static surveys to be made, taking up precious rig time. In a novel continuous survey method used in a particular rotary steerable system (RSS), a six-axis survey was taken continuously, both while drilling and when static, with the survey sensors being housed in the RSS. This algorithm was first verified in a software simulator, and it was subsequently implemented and tested in hardware. The effectiveness of the new measurement method was field tested and compared against MWD static survey points. The field test result from multiple wells shows that the new near-bit continuous azimuth and inclination from the RSS is considerably more accurate than that of the axial MWD continuous measurements at very low inclinations of between 1 and 5 degrees. This unique measurement method has valuable applications, such as low-angle kickoff without using multiple static surveys as the directional driller can use the real-time continuous azimuth and/or toolface to accurately steer the well through crowded offshore platform environments. When drilling out of the shoe, this survey method will allow an accurate kickoff approximately 50 ft earlier than would normally be expected as magnetic interference is cleared, and thus saving the precious rig time needed to kick off. Additionally, the use of a continuous gravity toolface is possible without the need for static surveys, allowing accurate low-side sidetracks to be performed even in areas of high magnetic interference.
Multiclass least squares support vector machines (2003)

We present an extension of least squares support vector machines (LS-SVMs) to the multiclass case. While standard SVM solutions involve solving quadratic or linear programming problems, the least squares version of SVMs corresponds to solving a set of linear equations, due to equality instead of inequality constraints in the problem formulation. In LS-SVMs the Mercer condition is still applicable. Hence several type of kernels such as polynomial, RBFs and MLPs can be used. The multiclass case that we discuss here is related to classical neural net approaches for classification where multi-classes are encoded by considering multiple outputs for the network. Efficient methods for solving large scale LS-SVMs are available.
Role of pili in the adherence of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to injured tracheal epithelium (1984)

Pili have been demonstrated to be the adhesins of nonmucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa for buccal cells. In this study, we examined their role in the adherence of both mucoid and nonmucoid strains to injured tracheal cells. Pili incubated with tracheal cells inhibited the adherence of a nonmucoid strain in a dose-dependent manner. Both homologous and heterologous pili inhibited this nonmucoid strain. Antibody against pili from the nonmucoid strain inhibited adherence of the homologous but not a heterologous strain. Pili failed to inhibit two mucoid strains, but inhibited nonmucoid variants derived from mucoid strains. These studies suggest that pili mediate the adherence of nonmucoid strains to injured tracheal cells but that they are not the final mediators of adherence of mucoid strains. It is also inferred that there are differences in the receptor for mucoid and nonmucoid strains.
Lipofuscin: Mechanisms of formation and increase with age (1998)

Lipofuscin (age pigment) is a brown-yellow, electron-dense, autofluorescent material that accumulates progressively over time in lysosomes of postmitotic cells, such as neurons and cardiac myocytes. The exact mechanisms behind this accumulation are still unclear. This review outlines the present knowledge of age pigment formation, and considers possible mechanisms responsible for the increase of lipofuscin with age. Numerous studies indicate that the formation of lipofuscin is due to the oxidative alteration of macromolecules by oxygen-derived free radicals generated in reactions catalyzed by redox-active iron of low molecular weight. Two principal explanations for the increase of lipofuscin with age have been suggested. The first one is based on the notion that lipofuscin is not totally eliminated (either by degradation or exocytosis) even at young age, and, thus, accumulates in postmitotic cells as a function of time. Since oxidative reactions are obligatory for life, they would act as age-independent enhancers of lipofuscin accumulation, as well as of many other manifestations of senescence. The second explanation is that the increase of lipofuscin is an effect of aging, caused by an age-related enhancement of autophagocytosis, a decline in intralysosomal degradation, and/or a decrease in exocytosis.
Improvement of leakage currents of Pt/(Ba, Sr)TiO3/Pt capacitors (1997)

Pt/(Ba, Sr)TiO 3 /Pt capacitors fabricated by sputtering technique showed abnormally higher leakage current when negative bias was applied to the top electrode. In this letter, two kinds of processes were attempted to reduce high leakage current of Pt/BST/Pt capacitors for dynamic random access memory devices: (1) postannealing under O2 atmosphere and (2) adding oxygen into sputtering gas of platinum top electrode. These processes were very effective to reduce the oxygen vacancy in the BST films which are mostly responsible for such a high leakage current. The higher reverse currents were significantly lowered by these processes, so that we could obtain symmetric current versus voltage curves of Pt/BST/Pt capacitors.
Liposomal oxytetracycline and doxycycline: studies on enhancement of encapsulation efficiency. (2009)

Liposomal encapsulations of oxytetracycline (OTC) and doxycycline (DC) with various lipid compositions and hydrating solutions have been studied in order to develop a new liposomal formulation to treat bacterial infections. Encapsulation efficiencies as a function of pH (pH 4.0-8.0) in ionic (phosphate buffers) and non-ionic (mannitol or glucose) hydrating solutions with various lipid compositions (lecithin or α-L-dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine, with or without cholesterol) were determined and compared to the character of lipid vesicles. Based on our encapsulation efficiency studies and on the drug stability considerations it can be concluded that for OTC/DC encapsulation the use of non-ionic solutions is the most promising.
SiFi (2011)

Since one-third of a smart phone's battery energy is consumed by its WiFi interface, it is critical to switch the WiFi radio from its active or Constantly Awake Mode (CAM), which draws high power (726mW with screen off), to its sleep or Power Save Mode (PSM), which consumes little power (36mW). Applications like VoIP do not perform well under PSM mode however, due to their real-time nature, so the energy footprint is quite high. The challenge is to save energy while not affecting performance. In this paper we present SiFi: Silence prediction based WiFi energy adaptation. SiFi examines audio streams from phone calls and tracks when silence periods start and stop. This data is stored in a prediction model. Using this historical data, we predict the length of future silence periods and place the WiFi radio to sleep during these periods. We implement the design on an Android Smart phone and acheive 40% energy savings while maintaining high voice fidelity.
Characterization of a multicopper oxidase gene cluster in Phanerochaete chrysosporium and evidence of altered splicing of the mco transcripts (2004)

A cluster of multicopper oxidase genes (mco1, mco2, mco3, mco4) from the lignin-degrading basidiomycete Phanerochaete chrysosporium is described. The four genes share the same transcriptional orientation within a 25 kb region. mco1, mco2 and mco3 are tightly grouped, with intergenic regions of 2.3 and 0.8 kb, respectively, whereas mco4 is located 11 kb upstream of mco1. All are transcriptionally active, as shown by RT-PCR. Comparison of cDNAs and the corresponding genomic sequences identified 14-19 introns within each gene. Based on homology and intron composition, two subfamilies of mco sequences could be identified. The sequences have copper-binding motifs similar to ferroxidase proteins, but different from fungal laccases. Thus, these sequences constitute a novel branch of the multicopper oxidase family. Analysis of several cDNA clones obtained from poly(A) RNA revealed the presence of transcripts of various lengths. Splice variants from mco2, mco3 and mco4 were characterized. They generally exhibited the presence of one to five introns, whereas other transcripts lacked some exons. In all cases, the presence of introns leads to frame shifts that give rise to premature stop codons. In aggregate, these investigations show that P. chrysosporium possesses a novel family of multicopper oxidases which also feature clustering and incomplete processing of some of their transcripts, a phenomenon referred to in this paper as 'altered splicing'.
Critical Issues Facing LIS Journals from the Point of View of a Hungarian Editor (1999)

Dans les plus petits pays, les periodiques professionnels, comme ceux publies en bibliotheconomie et en sciences de l'information, jouent un triple role. D'abord, les editeurs doivent etre a l'affut des developpements internationaux et evaluer la pertinence de ceux-ci en fonction des besoins de leurs clients. En deuxieme lieu, les periodiques doivent informer les professionnels du pays des articles etrangers selectionnes, par le biais de traductions, resumes, revues et etudes. Finalement, ils doivent faire connaitre les principaux developpements du milieu, tant aux professionnels du pays qu'aux lecteurs etrangers. L'auteur du present article se sert de son experience d'editeur du periodique Hungarain Journal Tudomanyos es Muszaki Tajekoztatas pour demontrer comment un tel defi peut etre releve.
COST-EFFECTIVE OXYGEN GAS SENSOR VIA FLUORESCENCE QUENCHING (2009)

The goal of this project is to design and build a cost-effective oxygen sensor through the use of fluorescence spectroscopic analysis on the Tris(2,2’bipyridal)dichlororuthenium(II) compound and low-cost support electronics. The objective of the project is to generate a Stern-Volmer chart and demonstrate the oxygen-quenching effect on fluorescent intensity and lifetime. A customized P-I-N photodiode, designed and fabricated in the RIT Semiconductor and Microsystems Fabrication Laboratory (SMFL), is used to measure the emitted fluorescent signal.
Let-7 Prevents Early Cancer Progression by Suppressing Expression of the Embryonic Gene HMGA2 (2007)

The microRNA let-7 regulates late embryonic development by suppressing expression of a number of genes such as c-myc and RAS as well as the embryonic gene high mobility group, A2 (HMGA2). We now demonstrate that HMGA2 is more efficiently targeted by let-7 than RAS. Its expression inversely correlates with the expression of let-7 in the NCI60 cells lines, and the expression of RAS does not change when amounts of let-7 that efficiently silence expression of HMGA2 are introduced into tumor cells. We did not find a difference in the expression of HMGA2 between primary ovarian cancer samples and matching metastases, suggesting that the expression of HMGA2 represents an early event during cancer progression. The late repression of HMGA2 by let-7 during embryonic development, and the early reexpression of HMGA2 during cancer development, is in line with the hypothesis that cancer development represents a case of reverse embryogenesis.
Oxidative demethylation of 4-substituted N,N-dimethylanilines with iodine and calcium oxide in the presence of methanol (1994)

K. Acosta, J. W. Cessac, P. N. Rao and H. K. Kim, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 1994, 1985 DOI: 10.1039/C39940001985
A new HIF-1 alpha variant induced by zinc ion suppresses HIF-1-mediated hypoxic responses (2001)

The expressions of hypoxia-inducible genes are upregulated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), which is a heterodimer of HIF-1alpha and HIF-1beta/ARNT (aryl hydrocarbon receptor nuclear transporter). Under hypoxic conditions, HIF-1alpha becomes stabilized and both HIF-1alpha and ARNT are translocated into the nucleus and codimerized, binding to the HIF-1 consensus sequence and transactivating hypoxia-inducible genes. Other than hypoxia, cobalt and nickel, which can substitute for iron in the ferroprotein, induce the stabilization of HIF-1alpha and the activation of HIF-1. We found previously that, although zinc, another example of a metal substitute for iron, stabilized HIF-1alpha, it suppressed the formation of HIF-1 by blocking the nuclear translocation of ARNT. Here, we identify a new spliced variant of human HIF-1alpha that is induced by zinc. The isoform lacks the 12th exon, which produced a frame-shift and gave a shorter form of HIF-1alpha (557 amino acids), designated HIF-1alphaZ (HIF-1alpha induced by Zn). This moiety was found to inhibit HIF-1 activity and reduce mRNA expressions of the hypoxia-inducible genes. It blocked the nuclear translocation of ARNT but not that of endogenous HIF-1alpha, and was associated with ARNT in the cytosol. These results suggest that HIF-1alphaZ functions as a dominant-negative isoform of HIF-1 by sequestering ARNT in the cytosol. In addition, the generation of HIF-1alphaZ seems to be responsible for the inhibitory effects of the zinc ion on HIF-1-mediated hypoxic responses, because the expressed HIF-1alphaZ behaved in the same manner as zinc in terms of inhibited HIF-1 activity and ARNT translocation.
GLP‐1 signals via ERK in peripheral nerve and prevents nerve dysfunction in diabetic mice (2011)

These data show that the peripheral nerve of diabetic rodents exhibits functional GLP-1R and suggest that GLP-1R-mediated ERK-signalling in sciatic nerve of diabetic rodents may protect large motor fibre function and small C fibre structure by a mechanism independent of glycaemic control.
Mechanism of attraction between like-charged particles in aqueous solution (2009)

Although it has been long known that like-charged particles attract one another in aqueous media, the mechanism underlying this counter-intuitive phenomenon has remained controversial. We tested the hypothesis put forth long ago by Langmuir and again by Feynman and by Ise, that the attraction between like-charged entities lies in an intermediate of unlike charges. Tests were facilitated by the observation that the attractive forces could be confirmed between widely separated particles of macroscopic size. Two approaches showed comparable results. In the first, pH-sensitive dyes showed intermediate zones of opposite charge: an accumulation of protons was found between negatively charged spheres, whereas between positively charged spheres the intermediate zone contained OH−groups. In the second and complementary approach, microelectrode measurements showed that in between negatively charged spheres, the electrical potential was relatively positive, whereas between positively charged spheres it was relatively negative. Hence, both approaches confirm theoretical expectations. The large number of unlike charges lying in between the like-charged spheres may come from the build-up of the recently reported “exclusion zone” surrounding each particle.