gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Effect of Accelerated Thermal Ageing on the Selective Solar Thermal Harvesting Properties of Multiwall Carbon Nanotube/Nickel Oxide Nanocomposite Coatings (2012)

Varying amounts of dispersed multiwalled carbon nanotubes in NiO have been used to develop composites that absorb the solar energy very well but lose very little through emission. Determination of absorptance,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>sol</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, and emissivity,<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi><mml:mrow><mml:mtext>ther</mml:mtext></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>, from such selective solar absorbers shows that the optimum efficiency of 71% can be attained when about 10 mg of MWCNTs are composited with NiO. One such absorber was subjected to thermal ageing tests. The performance criterion (PC) limit for passing the test when simulated for 25 years is<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mo>(</mml:mo><mml:mrow><mml:mo>−</mml:mo><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:mi>α</mml:mi><mml:mo>+</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.25</mml:mn><mml:mi>Δ</mml:mi><mml:mi>ε</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mo>)</mml:mo></mml:mrow><mml:mo>≤</mml:mo><mml:mn>0.05</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:math>. It was found that the typical absorber had a PC value of −0.01. This value is much better than the passing limit. Raman spectra of the typical absorber before and after the thermal ageing test showed a reduced intensity in the D and G bands of disordered and graphitic carbon, respectively but an enhancement of the NiO bands indicating loss of carbon atoms due to thermal ageing tests. Simple equations are derived determining the proportion of carbon atoms that are lost and the proportion of carbon atoms that remains in the absorber; both of these are in agreement with the original carbon composition before the thermal ageing test. It is reported that the typical absorber will retain 63% of the carbon after 25 years.
iShuffle: Improving Hadoop Performance with Shuffle-on-Write (2016)

Hadoop is a popular implementation of the MapReduce framework for running data-intensive jobs on clusters of commodity servers. <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">Shuffle</i> , the all-to-all input data fetching phase between the map and reduce phase can significantly affect job performance. However, the shuffle phase and reduce phase are coupled together in Hadoop and the shuffle can only be performed by running the reduce tasks. This leaves the potential parallelism between multiple waves of map and reduce unexploited and resource wastage in multi-tenant Hadoop clusters, which significantly delays the completion of jobs in a multi-tenant Hadoop cluster. More importantly, Hadoop lacks the ability to schedule task efficiently and mitigate the data distribution skew among reduce tasks, which leads to further degradation of job performance. In this work, we propose to decouple shuffle from reduce tasks and convert it into a platform service provided by Hadoop. We present <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">iShuffle</i> , a user-transparent shuffle service that pro-actively pushes map output data to nodes via a novel <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">shuffle-on-write</i> operation and flexibly schedules reduce tasks considering workload balance. Experimental results with representative workloads and Facebook workload trace show that iShuffle reduces job completion time by as much as 29.6 and 34 percent in single-user and multi-user clusters, respectively.
PmC6a. Maximal electromechanical coupling in piezoelectric ceramics—its effective exploitation in acoustic transducers (1992)

Abstract The stress patterns—two shears and one direct stress—that are maximally coupled to the electric field in piezoelectric ceramics are identified. This is achieved by a simplifying initial choice of coordinate axes in the ceramic's thermodynamic phase space and by a subsequent sequence of elementary coordinate changes—rotations and scale changes; simple physical arguments lead to the new coordinates. The utility of this perspective is pointed out in two important applications of piezoceramics in acoustic transducers: naval hydrophone sensors and pulse-echo ultrasonic transducers used in medical diagnostic imaging.
Lewis acid-promoted carbon-carbon bond formation between bridging isocyanides (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTLewis acid-promoted carbon-carbon bond formation between bridging isocyanidesJianxin. Wu, Phillip E. Fanwick, and Clifford P. KubiakCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1988, 110, 4, 1319–1321Publication Date (Print):February 17, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 17 February 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja00212a066https://doi.org/10.1021/ja00212a066research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views164Altmetric-Citations33LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information Get e-Alerts
Monoclonal Antibody DOG1.1 Shows Higher Sensitivity Than KIT in the Diagnosis of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors, Including Unusual Subtypes (2009)

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the most common mesenchymal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract. Approximately 85% of GISTs harbor activating mutations in the KIT or platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA) gene and approximately 95% of GISTs are positive for KIT (CD117) by immunohistochemistry. Nevertheless, approximately 5% of GISTs lack KIT expression. Inhibition of KIT and PDGFRA by tyrosine kinase inhibitors has revolutionized the treatment of GISTs and demands accurate tumor classification. DOG1.1 is a recently described mouse monoclonal antibody reported to have superior sensitivity and specificity compared with KIT (CD117) and CD34. We evaluated this new antibody on a group of 81 GISTs obtained from 74 patients with special regard to KIT-negative GISTs (n=28), pediatric GISTs (n=11), and GISTs associated with neurofibromatosis type I (NF1) (n=16). Conventional GISTs (n=26) were also included. All conventional KIT-positive GISTs, all NF1-associated GISTs, and 9/11 pediatric GISTs expressed DOG1.1. DOG1.1 was expressed in 10/28 (36%) of KIT-negative tumors. The staining pattern was cytoplasmic and/or membranous. This study demonstrates that DOG1.1 is a sensitive immunohistochemical marker for GIST, comparable with KIT, with the additional benefit of detecting 36% of KIT-negative GISTs. DOG1.1 is also a sensitive marker for unusual GIST subgroups lacking KIT or PDGFRA mutations. In tumors that are negative for both KIT and DOG1.1, mutational screening may be required to confirm the diagnosis of GIST.
Microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay for detection of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (1977)

The development of a microtiter solid-phase radioimmunoassay for the detection of Vibrio cholerae enterotoxin and heat-labile Escherichia coli enterotoxin is described. The test is based on the immunological similarity between V. cholerae toxin and E. coli heat-labile toxin. The assay is easy to perform, quantitative, and at least as sensitive and specific as the Y-1 adrenal cell system.
Role of Mitochondria-Cytoskeleton Interactions in the Regulation of Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Cancer Stem Cells (2020)

Despite the promise of cancer medicine, major challenges currently confronting the treatment of cancer patients include chemoresistance and recurrence. The existence of subpopulations of cancer cells, known as cancer stem cells (CSCs), contributes to the failure of cancer therapies and is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Of note, one of the recently characterized features of CSCs is augmented mitochondrial function. The cytoskeleton network is essential in regulating mitochondrial morphology and rearrangement, which are inextricably linked to its functions, such as oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). The interaction between the cytoskeleton and mitochondria can enable CSCs to adapt to challenging conditions, such as a lack of energy sources, and to maintain their stemness. Cytoskeleton-mediated mitochondrial trafficking and relocating to the high energy requirement region are crucial steps in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). In addition, the cytoskeleton itself interplays with and blocks the voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) to directly regulate bioenergetics. In this review, we describe the regulation of cellular bioenergetics in CSCs, focusing on the cytoskeleton-mediated dynamic control of mitochondrial structure and function.
Inhibition of the Emergence of Ciprofloxacin Resistance in <i>Streptococcus pneumoniae</i> by the Multidrug Efflux Inhibitor Reserpine (1999)

Recent evidence supports the contribution of a multidrug efflux mechanism to fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae. In this paper I show that reserpine, an inhibitor of multidrug transporters in gram-positive bacteria, dramatically suppresses the in vitro emergence of ciprofloxacin-resistant variants of S. pneumoniae, suggesting that the combination of a fluoroquinolone with an inhibitor of multidrug transport may help preserve the efficacy of this class of antibiotics.
In Vivo Detection of Transition Metals and Nitrosyl-Heme Complexes Using Ex Vivo Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (2003)

Cellular redox environment is a critical determinant of stress-induced cellular responses and the progression of disease (1). Under normal (nonstress) conditions, the cell maintains a strong reducing environment that favors reductive over highly compartmentalized oxidative biochemistry. Exposure of cellular macromolecules to reactive oxygen (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) is tightly controlled. Environmental stress can shift the redox balance away from reductive biochemistry however, promoting transition metal activation, and nonprogrammed oxidative and/or nitrosative reactions. Metalcatalyzed oxidative and nitrosative stress have been implicated in the etiology of numerous clinical disorders including inflammation, ischemia-reperfusion injury, rheumatoid arthritis, and aging (1).
Coagulation Factors II, V, VII, and X, Prothrombin Gene 20210G→A Transition, and Factor V Leiden in Coronary Artery Disease (1999)

Increased levels of hemostatic factors and genetic mutations of proteins involved in coagulation may play a role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. We investigated clotting activity of factors II (FII:C), V (FV:C), VII (FVII:C), and X (FX:C), the prothrombin gene 20210G-->A transition, and the factor V Leiden mutation in 200 survivors of myocardial infarction and in 100 healthy controls. FV:C (P<0.0001) and FVII:C (P<0.0001) were found to be independent risk factors for myocardial infarction. High FV:C or high FVII:C combined with smoking or arterial hypertension increased the relative risk for myocardial infarction up to 50-fold. One of 177 patients (0.6%) and 4 of 89 controls (4.5%) had the prothrombin 20210 AG genotype. Eleven of 177 patients (6.2%) and 6 of 89 controls (6.7%) were heterozygous for the factor V Leiden mutation. No homozygous carrier for these mutations was found. Neither the prothrombin gene 20210G-->A transition (odds ratio [OR], 0.1; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.01 to 1.1) nor the factor V Leiden mutation (OR, 1.0; 95% CI, 0.4 to 2.8) were associated with an increased relative risk for myocardial infarction. In conclusion, our data indicate that neither the prothrombin gene 20210G-->A transition nor the factor V Leiden mutation are risk factors for myocardial infarction. High FVII:C was confirmed to be an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction. Moreover, we describe for the first time that high FV:C is an independent risk factor for myocardial infarction.
The Propeptides of Human Protein C, Factor VII, and Factor IX Are Exchangeable with Regard to Directing Gamma-Carboxylation of these Proteins (1996)

The specificity of the propeptide sequence in directing vitamin K-dependent post-translational gamma-carboxylation has been assessed by examination of the extent of processing of chimeric constructs of blood coagulation factor VII (fVII), factor IX (fIX) and protein C (PC). One chimera consisted of a protein in which the gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla)/helical stack domain of PC (amino acid residues 1 to 46) was replaced by that of fIX (residues 1 to 47) in an otherwise intact PC. Another consisted of the same construction of a fVII/PC Gla domain-based mutant protein. The final chimera contained the leader/propeptide sequence of PC (residues -42 to -1) replaced by that of fIX (residues -46 to -1). In each case, all Glu-precursor Gla residues in the Gla domains of the proteins were fully processed to Gla. These results demonstrate that the propeptides of fIX and PC are capable of directing gamma-carboxylation of the Gla regions of either protein, that the propeptide of PC can fully function in gamma-carboxylation of the Gla region of fVII, and further suggest that, with regard to gamma-carboxylation, communications between the propeptides and Gla domains in intact proteins are general in nature.
Dynamic measurement of the pH of the Golgi complex in living cells using retrograde transport of the verotoxin receptor. (1996)

The B subunit of verotoxin (VT1B) from enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli is responsible for the attachment of the holotoxin to the cell surface, by binding to the glycolipid, globotriaosyl ceramide. After receptor-mediated endocytosis, the toxin is targeted to the Golgi complex by a process of retrograde transport. We took advantage of this unique property of VT1B to measure the pH of the Golgi complex in intact live cells. Purified recombinant VT1B was labeled with either rhodamine or fluorescein for subcellular localization by confocal microscopy. After 1 h at 37 degrees C, VT1B accumulated in a juxtanuclear structure that colocalized with several Golgi markers, including alpha-mannosidase II, beta-COP, and NBD-ceramide. Moreover, colchicine and brefeldin A induced dispersal of the juxtanuclear staining, consistent with accumulation of VT1B in the Golgi complex. Imaging of the emission of fluorescein-labeled VT1B was used to measure intra-Golgi pH (pHG), which was calibrated in situ with ionophores. In intact Vero cells, pHG averaged 6.45 +/- 0.03 (standard error). The acidity of the Golgi lumen dissipated rapidly upon addition of bafilomycin A1, a blocker of vacuolar-type ATPases, pHG remained constant despite acidification of the cytosol by reversal of the plasmalemmal Na+/H+ antiport. Similarly, pHG was unaffected by acute changes in cytosolic calcium. Furthermore, pHG recovered quickly toward the basal level after departures imposed with weak bases. These findings suggest that pHG is actively regulated, despite the presence of a sizable H+ "leak" pathway. The ability of VT1B to target the Golgi complex should facilitate not only studies of acid-base regulation, but also analysis of other ionic species.
Investigation and development of gravitational siphon casting of non-ferrous metals in water-cooled moulds (2004)

In this work we present results of our research on gravitational siphon casting of non-ferrous materials which are castled in water-cooled moulds. The novelty of our procedure consist of carefully designed gating system with a siphon and a distributor, which enables confinement of all slag in the runner. This further enables slow and even filling of molding cavity. Following this procedure, we archived high quality of castings. For realistic estimate of obtained results we performed the comparative analysis using castings obtained in centrifugal casting procedure.
Challenges and Therapeutic Opportunities of Autophagy in Cancer Therapy (2020)

Autophagy is a physiological cellular process that is crucial for development and can occurs in response to nutrient deprivation or metabolic disorders. Interestingly, autophagy plays a dual role in cancer cells-while in some situations, it has a cytoprotective effect that causes chemotherapy resistance, in others, it has a cytotoxic effect in which some compounds induce autophagy-mediated cell death. In this review, we summarize strategies aimed at autophagy for the treatment of cancer, including studies of drugs that can modulate autophagy-mediated resistance, and/or drugs that cause autophagy-mediated cancer cell death. In addition, the role of autophagy in the biology of cancer stem cells has also been discussed.
An Improved Unambiguous Tracking Technique for CBOC Signals (2014)

The autocorrelation function of Composite BOC(CBOC) signals has many side-peaks, which leads to the ambiguous problem. To solve this problem, an improved two-stage unambiguous tracking scheme is proposed in this paper. In the first stage, an unambiguous correlation function with narrow main peak is constructed by combining four out of twelve sub-correlation functions. In the second stage, by adding the rest of sub-correlation functions, the final correlation function with sharper and higher main-peak is developed based on the preparatory function from the first step. Numerical results demonstrate that compared to the original methods, the proposed scheme has a better tracking performance and can effectively suppress the short delay multipath.
Time-domain integral equation methods for transient analysis (1992)

Some recent developments and extensions of the method of moments for analyzing, in the time domain, the interaction of transient electromagnetic waves with perfect electric conductors are described. The electric and magnetic time-domain integral equations (TDIEs) are formulated and their characteristics briefly discussed. Some issues involved in the formulation and solution of the thin-wire electric-field integral equation are examined. The solution of the magnetic- and electric-field integral equations for bodies modeled by patches is considered. The problem of the instabilities that appear in the solution of the TDIEs is addressed. The possibilities of using postprocessing of the time-domain data to visualize the history of electromagnetic phenomena are illustrated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal morbidity: a prospective randomized trial. (1995)

Oral antibiotic therapy can alter the gastrointestinal microflora and result in troublesome gastrointestinal complaints. Patients who have experience with broad-spectrum antibiotics may be reluctant to start or to comply with antibiotic therapy due to the associated discomfort. In the field of otolaryngology, oral antibiotic therapy is commonplace, and patient intolerance of a particular antibiotic may result in compromise to a less effective choice. Yogurt, which contains Lactobacillus acidophilus, is often recommended by practitioners to help reduce the side effects of oral antibiotic therapy. We wanted to objectively evaluate the effect of orally administered L. acidophilus on the gastrointestinal side effects of oral broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy. Twenty-seven outpatients, 10 years of age or older, with ear, sinus, or throat infections, in whom amoxicillin/clavulanate was felt to be the antibiotic of choice, were randomly assigned to amoxicillin/clavulanate only, or amoxicillin/clavulanate and Lactobacillus treatment groups. Each patient was advised by the nursing staff to consume a well-balanced diet, and a detailed explanation of the medication schedule was given. A questionnaire was given to each patient at the conclusion of therapy. The data were analyzed using Spearman's rank-order correlations. Concomitant therapy of L. acidophilus with amoxicillin/clavulanate was associated with a significant decrease in patient complaints of gastrointestinal side effects and yeast superinfection. Almost all patients (89%) reported resolution of infection during the course of therapy. We believe that use of L. acidophilus is warranted in patients on broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy with gastrointestinal complaints.
Sine output DDSs. A survey of the state of the art (2002)

This paper presents a survey of the latest techniques and hardware advances in sine output direct digital synthesizers (DDSs). First, a brief description of the theory of sine output DDSs is presented. A sine output DDS has the advantage of being able to synthesize high spectral purity sine wave signals over a wide range of frequencies utilizing compact digital integrated circuits containing an accumulator, a sine look-up table, and a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). (The DDS is completed with an output filter.) The DDS can produce an output frequency from zero to a maximum frequency that is on the order of 1/3 of the clock frequency of the digital components. The principal advances in DDSs have been in increasing the maximum frequency (clock speed) and in increasing the spectral purity (spur reduction). Second, sine output DDS designs are examined that fall into two broad categories: designs for high speed and spectrally clean performance and designs for applications that require special features. Results are presented showing how the spectral purity of the DDS is related to the complexity and performance parameters of the digital components. Recent advances in architectural techniques are described that are designed to optimize spectral performance while minimizing architectural complexity. Finally, a survey of the latest DDSs and components developed by several manufacturers are described presenting key performance parameters such as clock speed, spectral purity, frequency resolution, DC power consumption, and special features. A plot of reported spurious performance on DDSs (or DACs for DDSs) is presented revealing a performance barrier that designers are striving to break. The advances necessary to break this barrier will be discussed.