gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Razzer: Finding Kernel Race Bugs through Fuzzing (2019)

A data race in a kernel is an important class of bugs, critically impacting the reliability and security of the associated system. As a result of a race, the kernel may become unresponsive. Even worse, an attacker may launch a privilege escalation attack to acquire root privileges. In this paper, we propose Razzer, a tool to find race bugs in kernels. The core of Razzer is in guiding fuzz testing towards potential data race spots in the kernel. Razzer employs two techniques to find races efficiently: a static analysis and a deterministic thread interleaving technique. Using a static analysis, Razzer identifies over-approximated potential data race spots, guiding the fuzzer to search for data races in the kernel more efficiently. Using the deterministic thread interleaving technique implemented at the hypervisor, Razzer tames the non-deterministic behavior of the kernel such that it can deterministically trigger a race. We implemented a prototype of Razzer and ran the latest Linux kernel (from v4.16-rc3 to v4.18-rc3) using Razzer. As a result, Razzer discovered 30 new races in the kernel, with 16 subsequently confirmed and accordingly patched by kernel developers after they were reported.
Mechanical Properties of the Human Cervical Spine as Shown by Three-Dimensional Load–Displacement Curves (2001)

The findings of the present study are relevant to the clinical practice of examining motions of the cervical spine in three dimensions and to the understanding of spinal trauma and degenerative diseases.
Electric Power High-Voltage Transmission Lines: Design Options, Cost, and Electric and Magnetic Field Levels (1994)

The aim of this report is to provide background information about (1) the electric and magnetic fields (EMFs) of high-voltage transmission lines at typical voltages and line configurations and (2) typical transmission line costs to assist preparers and reviewers of the section on alternatives in environmental documents. This report will give the reviewing individual a better appreciation of the factors affecting EMF strengths near high-voltage transmission lines and the approaches that might be used to reduce EMF impacts on humans and other biological species in the vicinity of high-voltage overhead or underground alternating-current (ac) or direct-current (dc) transmission lines.
Facile Synthesis of Porous Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Microspheres as Anode Materials for Lithium Ion Batteries (2015)

Porous Mn₂O₃ microspheres with a diameter of 0.5-2 µm were synthesized by a thermal decomposition of MnCO₃ micospheres precursor. The effects of annealing time on the morphologies and electrochemical properties of the final products were systematically investigated. The porous Mn2O₃ microspheres prepared at 600 °C for 4 h exhibit the best electrochemical properties with a high reversible capability (925 mAh/g at current density of 100 mA/g) and cycling stability. It still retains a high capacity of 565 mAh/g, even after 100 cycles, as anode materials for lithium-ion batteries. The good electrochemical performance for the porous Mn₂O₃microspheres can be attributed to its high surface area and mesoporous structure.
Hyperthermia MRI temperature measurement: Evaluation of measurement stabilisation strategies for extremity and breast tumours (2009)

These results indicate that oil reference correction performs well in vivo, and that eight references can improve the correction by up to 0.5 degrees C compared to four references.
Engineering Nanomaterial Surfaces for Biomedical Applications (2009)

Nanomaterials, possessing unique physical and chemical properties, have attracted much interest and generated wide varieties of applications. Recent investigations of functionalized nanomaterials have expanded into the biological area, providing a versatile platform in biomedical applications such as biomolecular sensing, biological imaging, drug delivery and disease therapy. Bio-functions and bio-compatibility of nanomaterials are realized by introducing synthetic ligands or natural biomolecules onto nanomaterials, and combining ligand-receptor biological interactions with intrinsic nanomaterial properties. Common strategies of engineering nanomaterial surfaces involve physisorption or chemisorption of desired ligands. We developed a photochemically initiated surface coupling chemistry, bringing versatility and simplicity to nanomaterial functionalization. The method was applied to attach underivatized carbohydrates efficiently on gold and iron oxide nanoparticles, and the resulting glyconanoparticles were successfully used as a sensitive biosensing system probing specific interactions between carbohydrates and proteins as well as bacteria.
Binding Affinities of Host–Guest, Protein–Ligand, and Protein–Transition‐State Complexes (2003)

The affinities of hosts-ranging from small synthetic cavitands to large proteins-for organic molecules are well documented. The average association constants for the binding of organic molecules by cyclodextrins, synthetic hosts, and albumins in water, as well as of catalytic antibodies or enzymes for substrates are 10(3.5+/-2.5) M(-1). Binding affinities are elevated to 10(8+/-2) M(-1) for the complexation of transition states and biological antigens by antibodies or inhibitors by enzymes, and to 10(16+/-4) M(-1) for transition states with enzymes. The origins of the distributions of association constants observed for the broad range of host-guest systems are explored in this Review, and typical approaches to compute and analyze host-guest binding in solution are discussed. In many classes of complexes a rough correlation is found between the binding affinity and the surface area that is buried upon complexation. Enzymes transcend this effect and achieve transition-state binding much greater than is expected from the surface areas.
High levels of nocturnal activity in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A video analysis (2001)

Sleep disturbances can lead to symptoms of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. In the present study, we compared the sleep patterns of 30 children with ADHD, with those of 19 controls matched for age (5-10 years) and sex. Sleep patterns were recorded during one night, using polysomnography (PSG) and a video system in the sleep laboratory. Both ADHD children and controls were medication free and showed no clinical signs of sleep and alertness problems. An infrared camera was used to record all types of movement, which were scored and analyzed using specific software (Observer(R) 3.0; Noldus International, The Netherlands). No significant differences in sleep variables were found between ADHD children and controls. Polysomnography data showed no significant difference between the two groups. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder children moved more often than controls (upper limbs, P < 0.04; lower limbs, P < 0.03; all types, P < 0.003). The duration of movements was significantly longer in ADHD children (upper limbs, P < 0.03; all types, P < 0.02). The results of the video analysis were consistent with previous findings that ADHD children have higher levels of nocturnal activity than controls. This activity concerned mostly upper and lower limb movements. Futher studies are required to determine why noctural activity does not affect sleep continuity in a more significant way and whether it should be treated specifically.
Payment Application Programmers Interface (API) for v1.0 Internet Open Trading Protocol (IOTP) (2004)

The Internet Open Trading Protocol (IOTP) provides a data exchange
format for trading purposes while integrating existing pure payment
protocols seamlessly. This motivates the multiple layered system
architecture which consists of at least some generic IOTP application
core and multiple specific payment modules. This document addresses a
common interface between the IOTP application core and the payment
modules, enabling the interoperability between these kinds of modules.
Furthermore, such an interface provides the foundations for a plug-in-
mechanism in actual implementations of IOTP application cores. Such
interfaces exist at the Consumers', the Merchants' and the
Payment Handlers' installations connecting the IOTP application
core and the payment software components/legacy systems. This memo
provides information for the Internet community.
Wideband four arm log-periodic planar antenna with Wi-Fi band rejection (2017)

The log-periodic antennas (LP), also know as a log-periodic array or log-periodic aerial which are very effectively useful to achieve large bandwidth. By careful design of planar log-periodic antennas with impedance matching we get large bandwidth. The chebyshev impedance matching is one of the best techniques to produce large bandwidth in log-periodic antenna. In this paper four arm log-periodic antenna is designed for the both linear and circular polarization. When the 90 <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">0</sup> phase delay applied between the two dipoles the antenna produce circular polarization. The antenna is operated at 3GHz gives the band of operation from 2GHz band upto K/Ka band. According to IEEE 802.11 the 5.1GHz to 5.8GHz band is occupied for Wi-Fi applications. So there is a need to eliminate the Wi-Fi band by using integrating filter method. The antenna is designed and simulated by using HFSS software, the variation of voltage standing wave ratio(VSWR), return loss and axial ratio plots are generated from 2GHz to 18GHz. The antenna is fabricated on FR 4 substrate for band rejection by using integrating filter method. Measured results are well accepted with simulated results.
Gadolinium-148 and Other Spallation Production Cross Section Measurements for Accelerator Target Facilities (2004)

At the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center accelerator complex, protons are accelerated\nto 800 MeV and directed to two tungsten targets, Target 4 at the Weapons Neutron Research\nfacility and the 1L target at the Lujan Center. The Department of Energy requires hazard\nclassification analyses to be performed on these targets and places limits on certain radionuclide\ninventories in the targets to avoid characterizing the facilities as nuclear facilities.\nGadolinium-148 is a radionuclide created from the spallation of tungsten. Allowed isotopic\ninventories are particularly low for this isotope because it is an alpha-particle emitter with\na 75-year half-life. The activity level of Gadolinium-148 is low, but it encompasses almost\ntwo-thirds of the total dose burden for the two tungsten targets based on present yield estimates.\nFrom a hazard classification standpoint, this severely limits the lifetime of these\ntungsten targets. The cross section is not well-established experimentally and this is the\nmotivation for measuring the Gadolinium-148 production cross section from tungsten.\n\nIn a series of experiments at the Weapons Neutron Research facility, Gadolinium-148\nproduction was measured for 600- and 800-MeV protons on tungsten, tantalum, and gold.\nThese experiments used 3 m thin tungsten, tantalum, and gold foils and 10 m thin aluminum\nactivation foils. In addition, spallation yields were determined for many short-lived\nand long-lived spallation products with these foils using gamma and alpha spectroscopy and\ncompared with predictions of the Los Alamos National Laboratory codes CEM2k+GEM2\nand MCNPX.\n\nThe cumulative Gadolinium-148 production cross section measured from tantalum, tungsten,\nand gold for incident 600-MeV protons were 15.24.0, 8.310.92, and 0.5910.155,\nrespectively. The average production cross sections measured at 800 MeV were 28.63.5,\n19.41.8, and 3.690.50 for tantalum, tungsten, and gold, respectively. These cumulative\nmeasurements compared best with Bertini and were within a factor of two to three of\nCEM2k+GEM2.
Binding of anti-human-interleukin-6 monoclonal antibodies to synthetic peptides of human interleukin-6 studied using surface plasmon resonance. (1992)

Biosensor technology employing surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection provides a highly-sensitive (sub ng), non-extrinsic labelling approach for monitoring protein interactions in real-time. We have used this approach to map the binding sites on human interleukin-6 (hIL-6) for a series of anti-hIL-6 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Epitopes were localised by monitoring the ability of ten synthetic peptides, spanning the sequence of hIL-6, to inhibit the binding of anti-hIL-6 mAbs to immobilised hIL-6. Peptide P8 (Pro139-Gln153) inhibited binding of anti-IL-6-mAbs 1, 2 and 7. To increase the sensitivity of detection of antibody-synthetic peptide interactions, a procedure was developed for immobilising the synthetic peptides directly to the sensor surface of the SPR instrument. From this study, association equilibrium constants of 2.1 x 10(6)M-1 and 3.6 x 10(4)M-1 were calculated for the mAb7-immobilised P8 and mAb7-free P8 interactions, respectively.
A 4-year outcome-based retrospective study of wound healing and limb salvage in patients with chronic wounds. (1997)

This multicenter, retrospective study evaluated the wound healing and limb salvage outcomes over a 4-year period in 3,830 patients in 39 hospital-affiliated Wound Care Centers. These centers provide comprehensive outpatient wound care for chronic, nonhealing wounds. Two distinct outcomes were identified: (1) wound healing with comprehensive wound care (CWC) alone, and (2) wound healing with comprehensive wound care plus platelet releasate (CWC+PR). Data were analyzed with respect to healing and limb salvage in two groups: 1,019 patients who received CWC and 2,811 patients who received CWC+PR. Analysis of the standardized, customized database showed that overall healing rates were higher (p < .00001) and amputation rates were lower (p = .00005) in the CWC+PR group than in the CWC group. In addition, when healing rates were analyzed according to underlying condition, patients with all underlying conditions except autoimmune disorders showed higher healing rates in the CWC+PR group than in the CWC group. This study showed that patients treated with comprehensive wound care plus topical use of autologous platelet releasate had significantly higher rates of wound healing and increased limb salvage for most wounds than those treated with comprehensive wound care alone.
Atomic interface between microwave and optical photons (2012)

A complete physical approach to quantum information requires a robust interface among flying qubits, long-lifetime memory, and computational qubits. Here we present a unified interface for microwave and optical photons, potentially connecting engineerable quantum devices such as superconducting qubits at long distances through optical photons. Our approach uses an ultracold ensemble of atoms for two purposes: quantum memory and to transduce excitations between the two frequency domains. Using coherent control techniques, we examine an approach for converting and storing quantum information between microwave photons in superconducting resonators, ensembles of ultracold atoms, and optical photons, as well as a method for transferring information between two resonators.
Warpage measurement of large area multitilted silicon substrates at various processing conditions (2000)

In order to find a low-cost solution for the future MCM-D packaging, a multitiling approach through the incorporation of several tiles on a large carrier substrate was studied. The multitiling format provides simultaneous processing of several small silicon wafers on a carrier glass with a coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) comparable to that of silicon. The wafers (tiles) are attached to the carrier glass (pallet) using a low modulus adhesive that can be released at an elevated temperature (/spl sim/450/spl deg/C). The objective of this study is to develop materials and processes for a 12-in/spl times/12-in (300-mm/spl times/300-mm) large area substrate that can be scalable up to a 600-mm/spl times/600-mm format. The fabrication process begins with a carrier CTE matched Borofloat glass on which silicon wafers are attached using a low modulus adhesive. This composite structure is exposed to high temperature thin-film processes that are required for the MCM-D manufacturing. The warpage of these structures is a critical factor that determines the processability of the thin films in a manufacturing environment. Specimen warpage was obtained using the shadow moire technique. Warpage measurement was performed (i) on as-received glasses, (ii) glasses after polishing, and (iii) pallet assembly after tiling was completed. Although polishing reduced the overall warpage of the as-received pallets, the warpage of the tile and pallet assembly was increased after the adhesive was cured at 150/spl deg/C. This paper discusses the warpage issues associated with various stages of processing of the proposed large area MCM-D structures.
Assessment of the ability of the <scp>P</scp>rivigen<sup>®</sup> purification process to deplete thrombogenic factor <scp>XI</scp>a from plasma (2013)

The Privigen(®) manufacturing process has the capability to remove thrombogenic factors: octanoic acid precipitation, designed to remove a variety of contaminants during immunoglobulin purification, also removes almost all FXIa from plasma and further purification steps do not activate FXI.
A Prefetching Protocol Using Client Speculation for the WWW (1995)

Only the abstract of this technical report is available.
Contrast enhancement by dyadic wavelet analysis (2002)

Introduces a method for accomplishing mammographic feature analysis by multiresolution representations of the dyadic wavelet transform. The authors' approach consists of the application of nonlinear enhancing functions within levels of a multiresolution representation. They show that there exists a simple constraint for functions such that image enhancement is guaranteed. Furthermore, a simple case in which the enhancement operator is a constant multiplier is mathematically equivalent to traditional unsharp masking. The authors show quantitatively that transform coefficients, modified within each level by nonlinear operators, can make more obvious unseen or barely seen features of mammography without requiring additional radiation. The authors' results are compared with traditional image enhancement techniques by measuring the local contrast of known mammographic features.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Staphylococcal colonization in atopic dermatitis and the effect of topical mupirocin therapy (1988)

Forty-nine patients with atopic dermatitis entered a double blind placebo controlled cross-over study of mupirocin, a new topical antistaphylococcal antibiotic. Forty-five patients were evaluable. Quantitative bacteriological assessment before treatment showed that heavy colonization of the skin with Staphylococcus aureus was present in nearly all patients even in the absence of overt infection. However, the bacterial count was significantly reduced by 2 weeks' treatment with topical mupirocin, but not by the placebo. Moreover, a significant reduction of clinical severity was also observed after treatment with mupirocin, which was maintained over the following 4 weeks, although recolonization occurred during this period, with bacterial counts rising to pre-treatment levels. Despite recolonization, clinical deterioration was not observed during the trial period. No serious side-effects were observed. Phage typing showed that 50% of patients carried more than one bacterial phage type. Recolonization in eight patients (17%) was with a 'new' strain that had not previously been isolated.
A disposable on-chip microvalve and pump for programmable microfluidics (2018)

In this work, a low-cost PDMS micro-pump and -valve have been designed and developed to control multiple reagents for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on a programmable lab-on-a-chip (LOC) platform. The micro pump and valves were precisely controlled by selectively pressurizing the PDMS channels and chamber to actuate the multiple reagents in a controlled manner. Selective pressurizing of the PDMS structures was initiated by a simple system that maneuvered a single roller bar operated by a programmed microprocessor. The performance of the micro-pump was fully characterized and a minimum fluid volume of 1 μL was controlled. Also, the on-chip microvalves were programmed to flow the multiple reagents to automatically process the multi-step ELISA procedures. By applying the proposed platform, 19.40 pg ml-1 cardiac troponin T (cTnT) was successfully detected on the LOC device by using multiple programmed valves as multiple steps of the enzyme-linked sandwich immunoassay. As a result, the developed micro-pump and -valve, which were successfully applied to actuate a series of solutions in a controlled manner, can be widely applied to lab-on-a-chip based bioassays.
Increase in PDX-1 Levels Suppresses Insulin Gene Expression in RIN 1046–38 Cells* (1999)

RIN1046-38 cells (RIN-38) exhibit a passage-dependent reduction in both basal and glucose-regulated insulin secretion, accompanied by decreased insulin content. In an attempt to explain the mechanism of the gradual decrease in insulin production in cultured cells, we analyzed the insulin promoter activity and the levels of an important trans-activator of the insulin gene, PDX-1, as a function of aging in culture. We demonstrate that the decrease in insulin content and secretion is reflected in decreased promoter activity and is associated with a decrease in E47 and BETA2 nuclear factors, but with a paradoxical 3-fold increase in PDX-1 protein levels. To dissect the effect of increased PDX-1 from the decrease in the additional transcription factors on insulin promoter activity, we overexpressed PDX-1 protein in low passage RIN-38 cells by recombinant adenovirus technology. PDX-1 overexpression did not reduce E47 and BETA2 levels, but was sufficient to suppress rat insulin promoter activity in a dose-dependent manner. The fact that PDX-1 levels participate in trans-activation of insulin promoter activity was demonstrated in HIT-T15 cells. Treating HIT-T15 cells with 1-2 multiplicity of infection of AdCMV-PDX-1 increased rat insulin promoter activity, whereas higher doses repressed insulin promoter activity in these cells as in RIN-38 cells. Our data demonstrate that PDX-1 regulates transcription of the insulin gene in a dose-dependent manner. Depending on its nuclear dosage and the levels of additional cooperating transcription factors, PDX-1 may act as an activator or a repressor of insulin gene expression, such that low as well as high doses may be deleterious to insulin production.