gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Surface Micropattern Resists Bacterial Contamination Transferred by Healthcare Practitioners (2014)

Environmental contamination contributes to an estimated 20-40% of all hospital-acquired infections (HAI). Infection control practices continue to improve, but multipronged approaches are necessary to fully combat the diversity of nosocomial pathogens and emerging multidrug resistant organisms. The Sharklet™ micropattern, inspired from the microtopography of shark skin, was recently shown to significantly reduce surface contamination but has not been evaluated in a clinical setting. The focus of this study was the transfer of bacteria onto micropatterned surfaces compared to unpatterned surfaces in a clinical simulation environment involving healthcare practitioners. Physician volunteers were recruited to participate in an emergency medicine scenario involving a contact-precaution patient with an acute pulmonary embolism. Prior to scenario initiation,Staphylococcus aureus was inoculated onto the leg of a simulation mannequin and fresh micropatterned and unpatterned surface films were placed on a code cart, cardiac defibrillator shock button, and epinephrine medication vial. Six physicians interacted with micropatterned surfaces and five physicians interacted with unpatterned surfaces in separate scenarios. Bacterial load loss from the first contact location (control film over the femoral pulse) to subsequent unpatterned or micropatterned surface test locations was quantified as a log reduction (LR) for each surface type. The code cart, cardiac defibrillator button, and medication vial locations with micropatterned surfaces resulted in LRs that were larger than the unpatterned LRs by 0.64 (p=0.146), 1.14 (p=0.023), and 0.58 (p=0.083) respectively for each location. The geometric mean CFU/RODAC at the first control surface touched at the femoral pulse pads ranged from 175-250 CFU/RODAC (95% confidence interval). Thus, the micropatterned LRs were consistently greater than the unpatterned LRs, substantiating the micropattern-dependent reduction of microorganism transfer. Principal component analysis showed that the LRs for the code cart and the cardiac defibrillator button highly covaried. Thus, a single mean LR was calculated from these two locations for each surface type; 5.4 times more bacteria attached to the unpatterned surfaces compared to the micropatterned surfaces (p = 0.058). The simulated clinical scenario involving healthcare practitioners demonstrated that the micropatterned surface reduced the transfer of bacterial contamination based on the larger LRs for the micropatterned surface compared to control surfaces. Further investigation in hospital rooms where patients are receiving care will ultimately reveal the capability of micropatterned surfaces to minimize the incidence of HAIs.
Cascade Reactions Using LiAlH<sub>4</sub> and Grignard Reagents in the Presence of Water (2007)

Divided we stand, together we fall: Incompatible reagents, such as water and LiAlH4, Grignard, or cuprate reagents, can be site-isolated on either side of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) thimble (see scheme; SDS=sodium docecyl sulfate) for cascade reactions. The hydrophobic nature of the PDMS membrane prohibits polar molecules, such as water, from diffusing across the membrane. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.wiley-vch.de/contents/jc_2002/2008/z703002_s.pdf or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
The Use of Chemostats in Microbial Systems Biology (2013)

Cells regulate their rate of growth in response to signals from the external world. As the cell grows, diverse cellular processes must be coordinated including macromolecular synthesis, metabolism and ultimately, commitment to the cell division cycle. The chemostat, a method of experimentally controlling cell growth rate, provides a powerful means of systematically studying how growth rate impacts cellular processes - including gene expression and metabolism - and the regulatory networks that control the rate of cell growth. When maintained for hundreds of generations chemostats can be used to study adaptive evolution of microbes in environmental conditions that limit cell growth. We describe the principle of chemostat cultures, demonstrate their operation and provide examples of their various applications. Following a period of disuse after their introduction in the middle of the twentieth century, the convergence of genome-scale methodologies with a renewed interest in the regulation of cell growth and the molecular basis of adaptive evolution is stimulating a renaissance in the use of chemostats in biological research.
Hydrocracking of Heavy Oil Using Iron-active Carbon Catalyst. Importance of Mesopore Structure of Active Carbon. (2000)

Hydrocracking of vacuum residue using a combination catalyst system of active carbon with iron, either in the form of iron impregnated or the mixture with pyrite, was studied under a relatively low hydrogen pressure of 10MPa. This catalytic hydrocracking system successfully restricted the formation of asphaltene and suppressed coke formation at higher conversions. Hydrodemetallization (HDM) and hydrodesulfurization (HDS) were also effectively achieved.Active carbon materials with various mesopore structure were evaluated as the catalyst component. Mesopore-richer active carbon adsorbed asphaltene more selectively and suppressed coke formation more effectively. The effectiveness of the catalyst system was analyzed by a kinetic study of the hydrocracking reactions based on a lumping model.
A simple device for breath-level monitoring during CT. (1985)

Computed tomography (CT) of the chest and abdomen requires well-defined and reproducible breath-holdings. For this purpose, a simple respiration-control device has been developed that enables the patient to monitor breath-holding during successive scans. The patient holds his/her breath at a preselected level using feedback monitoring. The device is easy to handle and suitable for all commercial CT systems.
A study of the introduction of ions into the region of strong fields within a quadrupole mass spectrometer Third quarterly progress report, 17 Feb. - 17 May 1966 (1966)

Ion introduction into high intensity electric fields within quadrupole mass spectrometer using stainless steel rod
5'-Alkyl-substituted analogs of 5'-methylthioadenosine as trypanocides (1991)

5'-Deoxy-5'-(methylthio)adenosine (MTA) is a by-product of polyamine metabolism and is phosphoryolytically cleaved to adenine and 5-deoxy-5-(methylthio)ribose-1-phosphate (MTR-1-P) by MTA phosphorylase. In eukaryotes, adenine is subsequently salvaged and converted to nucleotides, while MTR-1-P is converted to methionine. We examined 5'-deoxy-5'-substituted analogs of MTA for trypanocidal activity in vitro and in vivo. 5'-Deoxy-5'-(hydroxyethyl)thioadenosine (HETA) and its 5'-bromo,5'-chloro and 5'-fluoro derivatives were cleaved by extracts of the African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei brucei (Km for MTA, 11.5 microM; Km for HETA, 13.2 microM) in a phosphate-dependent reaction. HETA and the three halo analogs were 50% inhibitory to growth at 0.5 to 5.0 microM in vitro. Inhibition of growth was reversible by exogenous methionine and 2-keto-4-methylthiobutyric acid, an intermediate in methionine synthesis from MTR-1-P. HETA was selected for further study in vivo. When administered by miniosmotic pump (25 to 150 mg/kg/day for 7 days) to mice infected with T. brucei brucei, HETA effected 70 to 90% cure rates. Results of this study indicate that these analogs of MTA are converted to trypanocidal MTR-1-P analogs and that this approach deserves further consideration in the development of novel chemotherapy of trypanosomiasis.
Exploiting User Interest in Data-Driven Cloud-Based Mobile Optimization (2014)

In this paper, we present our vision for data-driven cloud-based mobile computing. We identify the concept of Region of interest (RoI) that reflects the profile of the user in how they access information or interact with applications. Such information enables a series of data-driven optimizations: filtering, aggregation, and speculation, that go beyond the well-researched benefit of mobile outsourcing. These optimizations can improve performance, reliability, and energy usage. A novel aspect of our approach is to exploit the unique ability of the cloud to collect and analyze large amounts of user profile data, cache shared data, and even enable sharing of computations, across different mobile users. We implement two exemplar mobile-cloud applications on an Android/Amazon Elastic Cloud Compute (EC2)-based mobile outsourcing platform, that utilize the RoI abstraction for data-driven optimizations. We presentresults driven by workload traces derived from Twitter feeds and Wikipedia document editing to illustrate the opportunities of using such optimizations.
Vulnerability Management: One Problem, Several Potential Approaches. (2002)

The error that is often made in analyzing security issues is not granularizing the processes. In practical terms, one thinks — erroneously, to be sure — that it is possible to resolve a specific type of problem via a single method, independently of the surrounding context. This is precisely the pitfall in managing vulnerabilities.
A novel magnetic silica support for use in chromatographic and enzymatic bioprocessing (1991)

A limited number of support matrices have so far been developed for use in magnetically stabilized fluidized bed (MSFB) applications. We have developed a versatile magnetic silica support which can be derivatized readily for both adsorption chromatography and enzyme immobilization by well-known techniques. A magnetic pellicular bead is prepared by electrostatically depositing alternating layers of colloidal silica and cationic polymer onto macroscopic nickel core particles. The polymer is then burned out and the silica partially sintered to yield a porous shell with 5-80 m(2)/g of surface area. This magnetic composite was tested as a support for immobilizing invertase. Sucrose was continuously converted to its component monosaccharides with nearly constant activity over the first 8 days and retention of 50% of initial activity after 25 days.
Specific binding of estradiol and dihydrotestosterone in human mammary cancers. (1977)

Estrogen and dihydrotestosterone receptors were detected by agar gel electrophoresis in 224 human mammary tumor biopsies. Approximately half of the tumor specimens revealed measurable amounts of estradiol receptors, whereas only 20% contained dihydrotestosterone receptors. The average concentration of spare estrogetmenopausal than in the premenopausal group, but this was not found to be the case for androgen receptors. The findings presented are discussed with regard to the clinical relevance of multiple assays for various types of receptors in a single tumor.
Response (1986)

kinds kinds of of research research which which might might benefit benefit one's one's RESPONSE RESPONSEchild child would, would, unfortunately, unfortunately, involve involve a a gross gross injustice injustice to to others others and, and, therefore, therefore, should should not not be be done done is is not not to to turn turn one's one's back back on on his/her his/her child.child.Doing' Doing' the the best best for for one's one's child child within within the the limitations limitations irclp)sed irclp)sed by by being being fair fair to to others others is is one one way way of of balancing balancing par par ental ental and and impartial impartial obligations.obligations.The The weakness weakness of of these these three three reasons reasons seems seems so so clear clear when when they they are are oonsidered oonsidered in in isolation isolation from from Nelson's Nelson's third third reason-that reason-that death death may may be be a a greater greater harm harm to to a a human human than than to to an an animal-that animal-that it it must must be be this this third third reason reason which which is is C'.arrying C'.arrying the the burden burden of of proof proof here.here.However, However, earlier earlier in in his his paper, paper, Nelson Nelson acknowledges acknowledges that that there there are are serious serious difficul difficul ties ties in in trying trying to to substantiate substantiate this this claim claim to to greater greater value value for for human human life.life.He He there there con con cludes cludes that that this this leaves leaves us us with with an an inconclu inconclu sive sive relativism, relativism, but but that that is is not not the the case.case.In In doing doing painful, painful, lethal lethal research research with with ani ani mals, mals, we we are are clearly clearly adding adding to to the the burden burden of of suffering suffering and and exploitation exploitation in in the the world.world.Unless Unless this this contribution contribution to to the the negative negative side side of of the the !!Oral !!Oral ledger ledger can can be be justified, justified, such such research research ought ought not not to to be be done.done.Consequently, Consequently, if if showing showing that that human human life life is is !!Orally !!Orally !!Ore !!Ore
Early Introduction of Dairy Products Associated with Increased Risk of IDDM in Finnish Children (1993)

Associations between infant-feeding patterns and risk of IDDM were investigated in a nationwide Finnish case-control study of 690 IDDM children < 15 yr of age. Each child was matched by date of birth and sex to a randomly selected population-based control child. Univariate analysis revealed that the risk of IDDM was increased by approximately 1.5 in children for whom breast-feeding was terminated at < 2 mo of age, doubled in those who were exclusively breast-fed for < 2 mo, and doubled in those who were introduced to dairy products at < 2 mo of age. In further multivariate analyses of these factors, it was found that introduction of dairy products at an early age was the most important risk factor, and the observed univariate effects of duration of breast-feeding variables were explained by their correlation with this factor. This is the first observational study to show that early introduction of dairy products is independently associated with an increased risk of IDDM. Adjustment for mother's education and age, child's birth order, or birth weight did not affect the results.
Die Einwirkung von Chlorameisensäureäthylester auf tertiäre Amine 5. Mitt.: Synthese einiger unsymmetrischer N‐Methylbisbenzylamine und einiger Urethane (1970)

Abstract Es wird die Synthese der tertiären Amine 14–26 über die Amide 1–13 beschrieben. 14–26 sollen mit Chlorameisensäureäthylester gespalten werden, wobei die Urethane 27–33 zu erwarten sind, deren Synthese ebenfalls geschildert wird.
Pasteuria penetrans, a pathogen of the genus Heterodera, its effect on nematode biology and control. (1988)

The bacterial pathogen, Pasteuria penetrans, parasitized larvae of Heterodera species and Meloidogyne incognita. Mass multiplication of the bacterial inoculum was done on root-knot nematode infested brinjal plants. The total life cycle of the bacterium was completed in 49 days at 10–17°C. Amongst the methods of application, direct mixing of bacterial spore infested soil was found to be most effective against the nematode population. Maximum reduction in cyst population was obtained when spore infected soil was incubated at 30°C before application.
SplitX (2013)

There is a growing body of research on mechanisms for preserving online user privacy while still allowing aggregate queries over private user data. A common approach is to store user data at users' devices, and to query the data in such a way that a differentially private noisy result is produced without exposing individual user data to any system component. A particular challenge is to design a system that scales well while limiting how much the malicious users can distort the result. This paper presents SplitX , a high-performance analytics system for making differentially private queries over distributed user data. SplitX is typically two to three orders of magnitude more efficient in bandwidth, and from three to five orders of magnitude more efficient in computation than previous comparable systems, while operating under a similar trust model. SplitX accomplishes this performance by replacing public-key operations with exclusive-or operations. This paper presents the design of SplitX, analyzes its security and performance, and describes its implementation and deployment across 416 users.
Polymerization of 1,5-dioxepan-2-one. I. Synthesis and characterization of the monomer 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and its cyclic dimer 1,5,8,12-tetraoxacyclotetradecane-2,9-dione (1989)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTPolymerization of 1,5-dioxepan-2-one. I. Synthesis and characterization of the monomer 1,5-dioxepan-2-one and its cyclic dimer 1,5,8,12-tetraoxacyclotetradecane-2,9-dioneTorbjoern Mathisen and Ann Christine AlbertssonCite this: Macromolecules 1989, 22, 10, 3838–3842Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1989Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1989https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ma00200a003https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00200a003research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views459Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Xeon® Processor E5-2600 v3: a 22 nm 18-Core Product Family (2015)

The next generation enterprise Xeon server processor maximum configuration supports 18 dual-threaded 64 bit Haswell cores, 45 MB L3 cache, 4 DDR4-2133 MHz memory channels, 40 8 GT/s PCIe lanes, and 40 9.6 GT/s QPI lanes. The processor has 5.56 B transistors on a 31.9 mm × 20.8 mm die in Intel's Hi-K metal-gate tri-gate 22 nm CMOS technology with 11 metal layers and achieves up to 33% performance boost. The design supports a wide range of configurations including thermal design power ranging from 55 to 160 W and frequencies ranging from 1.6 to 3.7 GHz. Key architectural innovations include the addition of AVX2 technology, DDR4, and fully integrated voltage regulators (FIVR) that enable per core p-states and uncore frequency scaling.
Machine learning approaches to network anomaly detection (2007)

Protein synthesis is crucial for the maintenance of long-term-memory-related synaptic plasticity. The prion-like cytoplasmic polyadenylation element-binding protein 3 (CPEB3) regulates the translation of several mRNAs important for long-term synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus. Here, we provide evidence that the prion-like aggregation and activity of CPEB3 is controlled by SUMOylation. In the basal state, CPEB3 is a repressor and is soluble. Under these circumstances, CPEB3 is SUMOylated in hippocampal neurons both in vitro and in vivo. Following neuronal stimulation, CPEB3 is converted into an active form that promotes the translation of target mRNAs, and this is associated with a decrease of SUMOylation and an increase of aggregation. A chimeric CPEB3 protein fused to SUMO cannot form aggregates and cannot activate the translation of target mRNAs. These findings suggest a model whereby SUMO regulates translation of mRNAs and structural synaptic plasticity by modulating the aggregation of the prion-like protein CPEB3.
Simple Bar‐Coating Process for Fabrication of Flexible Top‐Illuminated Polymer Solar Cells on Metallic Substrate (2016)

Flexible top-illuminated polymer solar cells (TI-PSCs) are fabricated by facile bar-coating process. The bar-coating method allows conformal coating of bulk-heterojunction layer of PTB7:PCBM on a metallic substrate. Transparent top electrode of MoO3/Ag/MoO3 is simultaneously optimized. The printed TI-PSCs on Cu foil substrate show excellent photoconversion efficiency (>5.7%). As a service to our authors and readers, this journal provides supporting information supplied by the authors. Such materials are peer reviewed and may be re-organized for online delivery, but are not copy-edited or typeset. Technical support issues arising from supporting information (other than missing files) should be addressed to the authors. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Revealing Critical Loads and Hidden Data Locality in GPGPU Applications (2015)

In graphics processing units (GPUs), memory access latency is one of the most critical performance hurdles. Several warp schedulers and memory prefetching algorithms have been proposed to avoid the long memory access latency. Prior application characterization studies shed light on the interaction between applications, GPU micro architecture and memory subsystem behavior. Most of these studies, however, only present aggregate statistics on how memory system behaves over the entire application run. In particular, they do not consider how individual load instructions in a program contribute to the aggregate memory system behavior. The analysis presented in this paper shows that there are two distinct classes of load instructions, categorized as deterministic and non-deterministic loads. Using a combination of profiling data from a real GPU card and cycle accurate simulation data we show that there is a significant performance impact disparity when executing these two types of loads. We discuss and suggest several approaches to treat these two load categories differently within the GPU micro architecture for optimizing memory system performance.
Don't let distracted drivers put your company at risk (2012)

On-the-job vehicle crashes can be costly to employers, even when they occur off the clock. Protect the company, drivers, and others on the road by developing and enforcing a comprehensive fleet cell phone policy.
Evaluation of the recent advances of the evolved 3G (E-UTRA) for the VoIP and best effort traffic scenarios (2007)

The evolved UMTS terrestrial radio access (E-UTRA) is a new technology being standardized by the 3GPP . E-UTRA targets for a long term evolution of 3G UMTS. This paper addresses the fundamentals of the E-UTRA technology and describes especially its gain mechanisms. As the standardization work is progressing rapidly, this paper does not focus on comparing the specific proposed schemes, but instead aims at outlining the system performance more in general. As E-UTRA operates in the packet-switched domain, all traffic is handled by packet protocols. The cellular analysis is shown with the results for a voice over internet protocol (VoIP) study case and for a best effort (BE) data study case, as these are common examples of a real-time and a non-real-time traffic, respectively. The performance is given in the number of satisfied voice users per cell and in the cumulative probability distributions of user throughput, which is scalable to the spectral efficiency.