gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Foundations of Actor Semantics (1981)

The actor message-passing model of concurrent computation has inspired new ideas in the areas of knowledge-based systems, programming languages and their semantics, and computer systems architecture. The model itself grew out of computer languages such as Planner, Smalltalk, and Simula, and out of the use of continuations to interpret imperative constructs within A-calculus. The mathematical content of the model has been developed by Carl Hewitt, Irene Greif, Henry Baker, and Giuseppe Attardi. This thesis extends and unifies their work through the following observations. The ordering laws postulated by Hewitt and Baker can be proved using a notion of global time. The most general ordering laws are in fact equivalent to an axiom of realizability in global time. Independence results suggest that some notion of global time is essential to any model of concurrent computation. Since nondeterministic concurrency is more fundamental than deterministic sequential computation, there may be no need to take fixed points in the underlying domain of a power domain. Power domains built from incomplete domains can solve the problem of providing a fixed point semantics for a class of nondeterministic programming languages in which a fair merge can be written. The event diagrams of Greif's behavioral semantics, augmented by Baker's pending events, form an incomplete domain. Its power domain is the semantic domain in which programs written in actor-based languages are assigned meanings. This denotational semantics is compatible with behavioral semantics. The locality laws postulated by Hewitt and Baker may be proved for the semantics of an actor-based language. Altering the semantics slightly can falsify the locality laws. The locality laws thus constrain what counts as an actor semantics.
A method of increasing test range and accuracy of bioindicators: Geobacillus stearothermophilus spores. (2003)

Spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus are very sensitive to changes in temperature. When validating sterilizing processes, the most common bioindicator (BI) is spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC12980 and ATCC7953 with about 10(6) spores /BI and a D121-value of about 2 minutes in water. Because these spores of Geobacillus stearothermophilus do not survive at a F0-value above 12 minutes, it has not been possible to evaluate the agreement between the biological F-value (F(BIO)) and physical measurements (time and temperature) when the physical F0-value exceeds that limit. However, it has been proven that glycerin substantially increases the heat resistance of the spores, and it is possible to utilize that property when manufacturing BIs suitable to use in processes with longer sterilization time or high temperature (above 121 degrees C). By the method described, it is possible to make use of the sensitivity and durability of Geobacillus stearothermophilus' spores when glycerin has increased both test range and accuracy. Experience from years of development and validation work with the use of the highly sensitive glycerin-water-spore-suspension sensor (GWS-sensor) is reported. Validation of the steam sterilization process at high temperature has been possible with the use of GWS-sensors. It has also been shown that the spores in suspension keep their characteristics for a period of 19 months when stored cold (8 degrees C).
Treatment of melasma with Pycnogenol® (2002)

Melasma (or chloasma) is a common disorder of cutaneous hyperpigmentation predominantly affecting sun-exposed areas in women. The pathogenesis of melasma is not fully understood and treatments are frequently disappointing and often associated with side effects. Pycnogenol is a standardized extract of the bark of the French maritime pine (Pinus pinaster), a well-known, potent antioxidant. Studies in vitro show that Pycnogenol is several times more powerful than vitamin E and vitamin C. In addition, it recycles vitamin C, regenerates vitamin E and increases the endogenous antioxidant enzyme system. Pycnogenol protects against ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Therefore its efficacy in the treatment of melasma was investigated. Thirty women with melasma completed a 30-day clinical trial in which they took one 25 mg tablet of Pycnogenol with meals three times daily, i.e. 75 mg Pycnogenol per day. These patients were evaluated clinically by parameters such as the melasma area index, pigmentary intensity index and by routine blood and urine tests. After a 30-day treatment, the average melasma area of the patients decreased by 25.86 +/- 20.39 mm(2) (p < 0.001) and the average pigmentary intensity decreased by 0.47 +/- 0.51 unit (p < 0.001). The general effective rate was 80%. No side effect was observed. The results of the blood and urine test parameters at baseline and at day 30 were within the normal range. Moreover, several other associated symptoms such as fatigue, constipation, pains in the body and anxiety were also improved. To conclude, Pycnogenol was shown to be therapeutically effective and safe in patients suffering from melasma.
State Transitions in the TORC1 Signaling Pathway and Information Processing in <i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i> (2014)

TOR kinase complex I (TORC1) is a key regulator of cell growth and metabolism in all eukaryotes. Previous studies in yeast have shown that three GTPases-Gtr1, Gtr2, and Rho1-bind to TORC1 in nitrogen and amino acid starvation conditions to block phosphorylation of the S6 kinase Sch9 and activate protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). This leads to downregulation of 450 Sch9-dependent protein and ribosome synthesis genes and upregulation of 100 PP2A-dependent nitrogen assimilation and amino acid synthesis genes. Here, using bandshift assays and microarray measurements, we show that the TORC1 pathway also populates three other stress/starvation states. First, in glucose starvation conditions, the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK/Snf1) and at least one other factor push the TORC1 pathway into an off state, in which Sch9-branch signaling and PP2A-branch signaling are both inhibited. Remarkably, the TORC1 pathway remains in the glucose starvation (PP2A inhibited) state even when cells are simultaneously starved for nitrogen and glucose. Second, in osmotic stress, the MAPK Hog1/p38 drives the TORC1 pathway into a different state, in which Sch9 signaling and PP2A-branch signaling are inhibited, but PP2A-branch signaling can still be activated by nitrogen starvation. Third, in oxidative stress and heat stress, TORC1-Sch9 signaling is blocked while weak PP2A-branch signaling occurs. Together, our data show that the TORC1 pathway acts as an information-processing hub, activating different genes in different conditions to ensure that available energy is allocated to drive growth, amino acid synthesis, or a stress response, depending on the needs of the cell.
Effect of sulphapyridine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and placebo in patients with idiopathic proctitis: a study to determine the active therapeutic moiety of sulphasalazine. (1980)

Suppositories of sulphapyridine, 5-aminosalicylic acid, and placebo were used in 45 patients with idiopathic proctitis to determine the active part of sulphasalazine. Each patient used one of the suppositories twice daily for four weeks in a double-blind controlled trial. Complete clinical remission with normal rectal mucosa on sigmoidoscopy occurred in 60% of patients given 5-aminosalicylic acid, but in only 13% and 27% of those given sulphapyridine and placebo respectively. Twelve patients were included twice. In eight of these patients 5-aminosalicylic acid was given one time and sulphapyridine (two patients) or placebo (six patients) another time. Clinical remission occurred in each patient with 5-aminosalicylic acid, but in only one patient during other therapy. The results suggest that 5-aminosalicylic acid is the active therapeutic moiety of sulphasalazine.
Tetrakis[(4<i>S</i>)‐4‐phenyloxazolidin‐2‐one]dirhodium(II) and Its Catalytic Applications for Metal Carbene Transformations (1993)

Abstract The synthesis and X‐ray structure of the binuclear complex tetrakis[(4 S )‐4‐phenyloxazolidin‐2‐one]‐dirhodium(II) ([Rh 2 {(4 S )‐phox} 4 ]) are reported. Structure‐selectivity comparisons are made for typical metal carbene transformations, such as inter‐ and intramolecular cyclopropane formation, intermolecular cyclopropene formation and intramolecular C–H insertions of diazoacetates and diazoacetamides. The enantioselectivity achieved in the [Rh 2 {(4 S )‐phox} 4 ]‐catalyzed reactions is intermediate between that of [Rh 2 {(5 S )‐mepy} 4 ] and [Rh 2 {(4 R )‐bnox} 4 ], which were described previously (mepy = methyl 5‐oxopyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylate; bnox = 4‐benzyloxazolidin‐2‐one). In contrast to other catalyzed intermolecular cyclopropane formations, those using [Rh 2 {(4 S )‐phox} 4 ] result preferentially in formation of the cis ‐cyclopropane.
Determination of background velocities by multiple migration fitting (1995)

Abstract We present an approach called multiple migration fitting (MMF) designed to automatically determine 2-D background velocities from prestack seismic data. In this approach, we maximize a scalar similarity index (SI) for a collection of migrated sections obtained by various illuminations of the same earth. Numerical investigation shows that this index is a rather smooth, nonoscillatory function of velocity that tends to be a maximum for good velocity profiles, and hence is amenable to maximization by local gradient techniques. This maximization will be practically feasible, as we prove that the exact gradient of SI can be computed at an additional cost of only twice that required for the computation of the collection of migrated sections, independently of the number of velocity unknowns. Application to synthetic data shows that MMF leads to enhanced background velocities and stacked migrated sections.
Evaluation of residual service life methodologies using refurbishment projects as case studies (2006)

One of the key issues facing public asset owners is the decision of refurbishing aged built assets. This decision requires an assessment of the “remaining service life” of the key components in a building. The remaining service life is significantly dependent upon the existing condition of the asset and future degradation patterns considering durability and functional obsolescence. Recently developed methods on Residual Service Life modelling, require sophisticated data that are not readily available. Most of the data available are in the form of reports prior to undertaking major repairs or in the form of sessional audit reports. Valuable information from these available sources can serve as bench marks for estimating the reference service life. The authors have acquired similar informations from a public asset building in Melbourne. Using these informations, the residual service life of a case study building facade has been estimated in this paper based on state-of-the-art approaches. These estimations have been evaluated against expert opinion. Though the results are encouraging it is clear that the state-of-the-art methodologies can only provide meaningful estimates provided the level and quality of data are available. This investigation resulted in the development of a new framework for maintenance that integrates the condition assessment procedures and factors influencing residual service life.
Isolation of Naturally Processed Peptides from a Toxoplasma gondii-Infected Human B Lymphoma Cell Line That Are Recognized by Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (1994)

Naturally processed peptides derived from Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) were acid extracted from T. gondii-infected cells and detected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) derived from peripheral blood lymphocytes of a patient with chronic toxoplasmosis. The CTL lines were obtained by weekly in vitro stimulation with a T. gondii-infected human B cell lymphoma line, ARH, which shares HLA-A2 and -Cw4 determinants with the patient. The lytic activity of these CTL lines against T. gondii-infected ARH and ARH pulsed with fraction 29 of a reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) extract from T. gondii-infected ARH was inhibited by an anti-HLA-A, B, C monoclonal antibody (mAb) and an anti-HLA-A2 mAb. Anti-HLA-DR mAb failed to block the lytic activity. Thus, the presentation of peptides by T. gondii-infected cells for CTL is mediated by HLA-A2 molecules. Interestingly, antigen presentation of ARH pulsed with naturally processed HPLC fraction 29 peptides was not inhibited by treatment with brefeldin A. The amino acid sequence of the HLA-A2-bound peptide in fraction 29 was in part consistent with the predictive algorithm of HLA-A2-binding peptide motifs.
Building reconstruction using manhattan-world grammars (2010)

We present a passive computer vision method that exploits existing mapping and navigation databases in order to automatically create 3D building models. Our method defines a grammar for representing changes in building geometry that approximately follow the Manhattan-world assumption which states there is a predominance of three mutually orthogonal directions in the scene. By using multiple calibrated aerial images, we extend previous Manhattan-world methods to robustly produce a single, coherent, complete geometric model of a building with partial textures. Our method uses an optimization to discover a 3D building geometry that produces the same set of façade orientation changes observed in the captured images. We have applied our method to several real-world buildings and have analyzed our approach using synthetic buildings.
Etiology of Ovarian Failure in Blepharophimosis Ptosis Epicanthus Inversus Syndrome: FOXL2 Is a Conserved, Early-Acting Gene in Vertebrate Ovarian Development (2003)

Blepharophimosis ptosis epicanthus inversus syndrome (BPES) is a human disorder caused by mutations in the forkhead transcription factor gene FOXL2 and is characterized by facial dysmorphology combined in some cases with ovarian failure. To better understand the role of FOXL2 in the etiology of ovarian failure in BPES, we examined its expression in embryonic ovaries of mice, chickens, and red-eared slider turtles, representatives of three phylogenetically distant vertebrate groups that have different mechanisms of sex determination. Expression of Foxl2 was detected in early ovaries of all three species around the time of sex determination and was associated with both somatic and germ cell populations in mice. Expression was sexually dimorphic in all cases. Sequence analysis of turtle and chicken FoxL2 orthologues indicated an unusually high degree of structural conservation during evolution. FoxL2 was found to be autosomal in chickens, and therefore unlikely to represent the dominant ovarian-determining gene that has been postulated to exist as a possible explanation for female heterogamety in birds. Our observations suggest that BPES may result from early abnormalities in regulating the development of the fetal ovary, rather than premature degeneration of the postnatal or adult ovary. Further, our results suggest that FOXL2 is a highly conserved early regulator of vertebrate ovarian development.
Comparison of Argon-Ion, Copper-Vapor, and Frequency-Doubled Neodymium: Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (ND:YAG) Lasers for Latent Fingerprint Development (1985)

Abstract Argon-ion. copper-vapor, and frequency-doubled neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers have been examined for efficiency in latent fingerprint detection. All three types of laser are found to be effective. Argon-ion lasers have the greatest power and range of useful wavelengths while frequency-doubled Nd:YAG lasers offer crime scene capability. On rare occasions latent prints observable under the argon-ion laser are not visually discernible under the Nd:YAG laser, but can be located with a sensitive television camera. Once located, photography of such prints is straightforward.
Farnesylated Nuclear Proteins Kugelkern and Lamin Dm0 Affect Nuclear Morphology by Directly Interacting with the Nuclear Membrane (2010)

Nuclear shape changes are observed during a variety of developmental processes, pathological conditions, and ageing. The mechanisms underlying nuclear shape changes in the above-mentioned situations have mostly remained unclear. To address the molecular mechanism behind nuclear shape changes, we analyzed how the farnesylated nuclear envelope proteins Kugelkern and lamin Dm0 affect the structure of the nuclear membrane. We found that Kugelkern and lamin Dm0 affect nuclear shape without requiring filament formation or the presence of a classical nuclear lamina. We also could show that the two proteins do not depend on a group of selected inner nuclear membrane proteins for their localization to the nuclear envelope. Surprisingly, we found that farnesylated Kugelkern and lamin Dm0 protein constructs change the morphology of protein-free liposomes. Based on these findings, we propose that farnesylated proteins of the nuclear membrane induce nuclear shape changes by being asymmetrically inserted into the phospholipid bilayer via their farnesylated C-terminal part.
Intramolecular Cyclizations of Allenic Acylureas and ‐Amides (1987)

Abstract Allenic acids are found to add to dicyclohexylcarbodiimide affording, in the presence of Et 2 NH, the 4 H ‐1,3‐oxazin‐4‐ones 5 via 4 . Under neutral conditions, they add to diaryl‐ or pyridyl(cyclohexyl)carbodiimides and triphenylketene imine to give the corresponding tricyclo[5.2.2.0 1,5 ]undeca‐4,8,10‐trien‐3‐ones 7 , 8 , 9 , and 12 . The allenic phenyl ester 13a dimerises, on heating in a [2+2] head‐to‐head fashion, to 14 but fails to undergo intramolecular Diels ‐ Alder cyclization, to 15 .
Use of antiplatelet medication for prevention of myocardial infarction and stroke. (1994)

Patients who suffer a heart attack can reduce the risk of another attack by 20% by taking 325 mg aspirin daily or every other day. The risk of stroke can be reduced by 50% in patients who experience atrial fibrillation or transient ischemic attacks. Although the benefit of aspirin use in women is controversial, data that suggest that women benefit as well as men are emerging. Antiplatelet drugs should be used only as adjunctive therapy and should not divert one's attention from the more important task of reducing major risk factors, such as smoking, hypertension.
Expression of leptin receptor mRNA (long form splice variant) in the human cerebellum (1997)

Primers specific to the long isoform of leptin receptor (OB-Rb) mRNA were used in reverse transcriptase-linked polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR) to investigate the expression of this receptor in the hypothalamus and cerebellum of human and rat. For both regions, we observed RT-PCR cDNAs as well as restriction enzyme cleavage fragments of expected sizes. Additionally, in situ hybridization of human cerebellum using two independent [35S]oligonucleotide probes complementary to the OB-Rb mRNA sequence revealed a prominent hybridization signal within the granular layer. Overall, our findings demonstrate the expression of OB-Rb mRNA in the cerebellum and suggest that in such a location, leptin receptors may mediate a function presumably not linked to body weight homeostasis.
Subcellular localization of ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins in Arabidopsis thaliana. (1992)

Ubiquitin is a highly conserved, 76-amino acid, eukaryotic protein. Its widely accepted role as a proteolytic cofactor depends on its unique ability to covalently ligate to other cellular proteins. While there is good evidence for the existence of such ubiquitinated proteins in the cytosolic and nuclear compartments, relatively little is known about the presence of free ubiquitin and ubiquitinated proteins in other subcellular compartments. This is especially true of higher plants, which have not previously been the subject of extensive biochemical subcellular localizations of ubiquitinated proteins. We extracted cell wall proteins and purified nuclei, vacuoles, chloroplasts, and microsomes from chlorophyllous tissues of Arabidopsis. Immunoblot analyses were used to compare the profiles of ubiquitinated proteins from purified subcellular fractions to those from unfractionated extracts. Purified nuclei contained, in addition to a complex mixture of high molecular mass ubiquitinated proteins, a strongly immunoreactive 28-kDa protein. In the apoplastic extract, we did not detect any ubiquitinated proteins enriched above the background level of those due to cytosolic contamination. Vacuoles appeared to contribute significantly to the ubiquitinated proteins present in the whole protoplast extract. At least three high molecular mass ubiquitinated proteins were unique to the vacuolar extract. Chloroplast stromal proteins did not react specifically with anti-ubiquitin antibodies. When microsomal ubiquitinated proteins were compared to those found in a whole protoplast extract, a distinct pattern was evident. Microsomal ubiquitinated proteins were not visible in the 10,000 x g supernatant used to prepare the 100,000 x g pellet, indicating that they were probably low abundance proteins in the protoplast extract.
Comparison of feature extraction methods in partial discharge waveform recognition (2002)

Automated recognition of various types of partial discharge pulses based on the pulse waveform was investigated through application of an artificial neural network. Various feature extraction methods were applied, and the recognition efficiency was determined. The results indicate that the method based on the physical characteristics of the partial discharge, which employs expert prior knowledge, is most effective and computationally least intensive.
Lubricant transfer from disk to slider in hard disk drives (2007)

The physics behind lubricant transfer from disk to slider and lubricant accumulation on the slider in hard disk drives is explained. The effect of slider air bearing pressure on the lubricant transfer is discussed. It is found that the lubricant transfer is not affected by slider air bearing pressure. Lubricant molecular weight plays a dominant role in the lubricant transfer and lubricant accumulation. The amount of lubricant transfer and accumulation decreases dramatically with the increase in lubricant molecular weight. A thinner lubricant and higher bonding ratio of lubricant on disk surface reduce the lubricant transfer and accumulation obviously.
Ultrafast switching of photonic density of states in photonic crystals (2002)

It is shown theoretically that the photonic density of states (DOS) of three-dimensional semiconductor photonic crystals can be dramatically changed on ultrafast time scales through two photon excitation of free carriers. Calculations for GaAs inverse opals show that the photonic band gap exhibits a large shift in frequency and a change in width with an appropriate excitation pulse. At certain frequencies, the DOS can be switched from a high value to zero, from zero to a high value, and from a high to zero to a high on 100-fs time scales, independent of the relaxation time of the semiconductor. This technique allows for ultrafast control of spontaneous emission and trapping of photons.