gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Solvatochromic behavior of binary supercritical fluids: the carbon dioxide/2-propanol system (1988)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTSolvatochromic behavior of binary supercritical fluids: the carbon dioxide/2-propanol systemC. R. Yonker and R. D. SmithCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1988, 92, 8, 2374–2378Publication Date (Print):April 1, 1988Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 April 1988https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100319a054https://doi.org/10.1021/j100319a054research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views192Altmetric-Citations95LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Anonymous scheme for blockchain atomic swap based on zero-knowledge proof (2020)

The blockchain's cross-chain atomic exchange uses smart contracts to replace trusted third parties, but atomic exchange cannot guarantee the anonymity of transactions, and it will inevitably increase the risk of privacy leakage. Therefore, this paper proposes an atom based on zero-knowledge proof. Improved methods of exchange to ensure the privacy of both parties in a transaction. The anonymous improvement scheme in this article uses the UTXO unconsumed model to add a new anonymous list in the blockchain. When sending assets to smart contracts, zero-knowledge proof is used to provide self-certification of ownership of the asset, and then the transaction is broken down. Only the hash value of the transaction is sent to the node, and the discarded list is used to verify the validity of the transaction, which achieves the effect of storing assets anonymously in the smart contract. At the same time, a smart contract is added when the two parties in the transaction communicate to exchange the contract address of the newly set smart contract between the two parties in the transaction. This can prevent the smart contract address information from being stolen when the two parties in the transaction communicate directly.
Aspects of Imaging and Counting in Nuclear Medicine Using Scintillation and Semiconductor Detectors (1972)

In the interest of minimizing patient irradiation, while maximizing diagnostic image quality, it is desirable to utilize all of the radiation emerging from the patient. For optimum utilization, it appears to be necessary to allow photons with different energies to contribute to the image with different weights. Optimum weights have been determined for the most common case of noise-limited images, where it is assumed that the weights should be chosen so as to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. For less noisy images, sharpening may be achieved by assigning negative weights to scattered photons; that is, by scatter subtraction. In general, image formation with multiple weighted channels provides a greater degree of flexibility than is possible with a single channel.
[Laparoscopic-assisted method of surgical treatment of perforated gastric and duodenal ulcer]. (2007)

Conversion (laparoscopic-assisted) method of surgical treatment of perforated gastric and duodenal ulcer was used at 103 patients. This method combines minilaparotomy with videolaparoscopy. Mean duration of surgery was 53 min, mean hospital stay - 6 bed-days. Postoperative complications were seen at one patient. There was no lethal outcome whereas lethality after open surgeries was 3.8%. It is concluded that mini-invasive methods of perforated ulcers suturing can not be oppose to traditional laparotomy; each method has own indications and contraindications. But mini-invasive surgical procedures may be regarded as real alternative to traditional open surgeries because of minimal approach, minimal surgical trauma and high economic effect in treatment and rehabilitation of these patients.
Unsupervised Abbreviation Disambiguation Contextual disambiguation using word embeddings (2019)

Abbreviations often have several distinct meanings, often making their use in text ambiguous. Expanding them to their intended meaning in context is important for Machine Reading tasks such as document search, recommendation and question answering. Existing approaches mostly rely on manually labeled examples of abbreviations and their correct long-forms. Such data sets are costly to create and result in trained models with limited applicability and flexibility. Importantly, most current methods must be subjected to a full empirical evaluation in order to understand their limitations, which is cumbersome in practice. In this paper, we present an entirely unsupervised abbreviation disambiguation method (called UAD) that picks up abbreviation definitions from unstructured text. Creating distinct tokens per meaning, we learn context representations as word vectors. We demonstrate how to further boost abbreviation disambiguation performance by obtaining better context representations using additional unstructured text. Our method is the first abbreviation disambiguation approach with a transparent model that allows performance analysis without requiring full-scale evaluation, making it highly relevant for real-world deployments. In our thorough empirical evaluation, UAD achieves high performance on large real-world data sets from different domains and outperforms both baseline and state-of-the-art methods. UAD scales well and supports thousands of abbreviations with multiple different meanings within a single model. In order to spur more research into abbreviation disambiguation, we publish a new data set, that we also use in our experiments.
A practical approach to static signal electromigration analysis (1998)

It is commonly thought that sweep-back effects would make electromigration (EM) a non-issue in signal lines. However this is only the case when the shape of the positive and negative current pulses are closely matched. Moreover, as performance pressures increase, the peak current values are exceeding the range for which electromigration models are valid. Thus, during the design of TI's TMS320c6201 DSP chip, it was determined that limits needed to be placed on the current densities in signal-line segments, and that every net in the design should be checked. Dynamic current density analysis on all nets of a large design is computationally very expensive. In this paper, we describe a practical CAD methodology for a static, signal electromigration analysis for large cell-based designs. We present results and some observations from application of this methodology on the TMS320c6201.
Isoprenoid diphosphate utilization by recombinant human farnesyl:protein transferase: Interactive binding between substrates and a preferred kinetic pathway (1993)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTIsoprenoid diphosphate utilization by recombinant human farnesyl:protein transferase: Interactive binding between substrates and a preferred kinetic pathwayDavid L. Pompliano, Michael D. Schaber, Scott D. Mosser, Charles A. Omer, Jules A. Shafer, and Jackson B. GibbsCite this: Biochemistry 1993, 32, 32, 8341–8347Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1993Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1993https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00083a038https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00083a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views158Altmetric-Citations91LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Aβ-amyloid deposition in patients with Parkinson disease at risk for development of dementia (2012)

Elevated cerebral Aβ-amyloid deposition at levels seen in Alzheimer disease is uncommon in subjects with PD at risk for dementia. In our sample, the prevalence of markedly elevated PiB binding was significantly lower than that found in prior studies of cognitively normal elderly individuals. Neocortical PiB binding correlated robustly with measures of cognitive impairment in our cohort.
Performance of Amplify-and-Forward and Decode-and-Forward Relaying in Rayleigh Fading with Turbo Codes (2006)

Cooperative transmission, in which a source and relay cooperate to send a message to a destination, can provide spatial diversity against fading in wireless networks. We derive analytical expressions for the error probability of amplify-and-forward (AF), decode-and-forward (DF), and a new hybrid AF/DF relaying protocol, for systems using strong forward error correction in quasi-static Rayleigh fading channels, and these expressions are shown to compare favorably with simulation results using turbo codes. Analytical results include an exact expression for the distribution of the SNR in AF transmission. For the protocols that achieve diversity (AF, adaptive DF, and hybrid AF/DF), the optimum position of the relay is midway between the source and destination, implying that mutual relaying (or partnering) to a common destination is suboptimal
THE WISCONSIN H MAPPER: A NEW LOOK AT THE WARM IONIZED MEDIUM (2000)

RESUMEN El relevamiento en H-Alpha de Wisconsin (WHAM) ha cubierto todo el cielo del norte en H desde Kitt Peak, Arizona. Usando un espectr ometro Fabry-Perot de alta transmisividad, con etal on doble de 15 cm y un CCD de alta sensibilidad, el relevamiento WHAM ha obtenido el primer mapa con velocidades calibradas en H en emisi on de nuestra Galaxia. Una zona amplia, que incluye el brazo Local (Ori on) y el brazo de Perseo, tambi en ha sido observada por el WHAM en las l neas de [S II] y [N II]. Estos nuevos datos muestrean directamente y por primera vez, las condiciones f sicas a gran escala del medio ionizado tibio (WIM). Las tendencias de los cocientes de l neas sugieren que las variaciones en la temperatura son muestreadas por los mapas de [N II]/H y [S II]/H . Dado que estos cocientes se incrementan fuertemente en regiones alejadas del plano Gal actico, revelan un incremento sustancial en la temperatura del WIM del halo. Adem as de este resultado, los datos revelan una nueva region H II excitada por una estrella B, dan una medida de la escala de altura de los electrones del WIM y, del cociente [S II]/[N II], proveen nueva informaci on sobre la ionizaci on del WIM.
Hybrid Modeling of Heavy Duty Gas Turbines for On-Line Performance Monitoring (2014)

Due to their complex physics, accurate modeling of modern heavy duty gas turbines can be both challenging and time consuming. For online performance monitoring, the purpose of modeling is to predict operational parameters to assess the current performance and identify any possible deviation between the model’s expected performance parameters and the actual performance. In this paper, a method is presented to tune a physical model to a specific gas turbine by applying a data-driven approach to correct for the differences between the real gas turbine operation and the performance model prediction of the same. The first step in this process is to generate a surrogate model of the 1st principle performance model through the use of a neural network. A second “correction model” is then developed from selected operational data to correct the differences between the surrogate model and the real gas turbine. This corrects for the inaccuracies between the performance model and the real operation. The methodology is described and the results from its application to a heavy duty gas turbine are presented in this paper.
Comparison of Argon and Carbon Dioxide Laser Treatment of Decorative Tattoos: A Preliminary Report (1985)

Seven patients with either homemade or professional decorative tattoos have been treated with both the argon and CO2 lasers and studied clinically as well as histologically. The argon laser is absorbed by dermal pigment and vaporizes this pigment out of the skin. The CO2 laser vaporized tissue layer by layer and must be accompanied by mechanical debridement. Results and complications of treatment with the two lasers were markedly similar, as were histological studies.
Low cost power factor correction (PFC) converter using delay control (2002)

A low cost universal input voltage (90/spl sim/264 V) power factor correction (PFC) converter for a 200 W power supply in a personal computer (PC) is proposed. It consists of the PFC part followed by a DC-DC power converter as in a conventional two-stage scheme. However a single PWM controller is used as in a single-stage, single-switch PFC scheme. The switch in the PFC part is synchronized with the switch in the DC-DC power converter and it has a fixed frequency. Employing a simple delay scheme using the pulse and feedback signal of the DC-DC power converter, the PFC switch is controlled to limit the capacitor voltage within a range for the optimum efficiency and cost. A tradeoff study shows that it indeed offers better efficiency and cost reduction compared to single switch approaches for this power level. The design procedure and experimental results are presented.
Cluster Size Effects in Ethylene Hydrogenation over Palladium (2017)

Density functional theory calculations are used to investigate ethylene hydrogenation over palladium clusters in the range from Pd13 to Pd116. A comparison is made to single crystal surfaces, which exemplifies several novel aspects of clusters. We find that the adsorption energies are always higher for the clusters, even if the comparison is made to adsorption on stepped surfaces in the low-coverage regime. Clusters are found to accommodate higher adsorbate coverages than extended surfaces. The saturation coverage for Pd13 is unity, whereas it is 0.33 on Pd(111). The activation energies for hydrogenation of C2H4 to C2H5 over Pd38 are clearly different from Pd(111) and Pd(211), which stresses the limitation of extended surfaces as models for nanoparticles.
Design and Evaluation of Pilicides: Potential Novel Antibacterial Agents Directed Against Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (2001)

The battle against infectious disease requires the development of drugs aimed at novel targets in bacteria. Pilicides 1 and 2 target the assembly of protein organelles (pili) used for the attachment of Gram negative pathogens to host cells and constitute leads for development of novel antibacterial agents. Supporting information for this article is available on the WWW under http://www.chembiochem.com or from the author. Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. Any queries (other than missing content) should be directed to the corresponding author for the article.
Introducing Jigsaw cities (2007)

This chapter sets out the scope of the study and looks closely at urban and housing history, current dilemmas, and the urban future. It uses the metaphor of the jigsaw to capture the complexity and interconnectedness of modern British cities as it responds to powerful social, economic, and environmental forces. It explains that beginner jigsaws like early cities have few pieces and easily assembled shapes while advanced jigsaws have thousands of small and distinct but hard to distinguish pieces. It notes that modern cities are likewise hugely complex and sometimes seem to defy any order at all, often appearing as a confusing pile of indistinct spaces, structures, and functions – chaotic and unmanageable. The chapter focuses on growth and decline, sprawl and density, economic and environmental imperatives, racial tensions and social harmony.
DeepFuzz: Automatic Generation of Syntax Valid C Programs for Fuzz Testing (2019)

Compilers are among the most fundamental programming tools for building software. However, production compilers remain buggy. Fuzz testing is often leveraged with newlygenerated, or mutated inputs in order to find new bugs or security vulnerabilities. In this paper, we propose a grammarbased fuzzing tool called DEEPFUZZ. Based on a generative Sequence-to-Sequence model, DEEPFUZZ automatically and continuously generates well-formed C programs. We use this set of new C programs to fuzz off-the-shelf C compilers, e.g., GCC and Clang/LLVM. We present a detailed case study to analyze the success rate and coverage improvement of the generated C programs for fuzz testing. We analyze the performance of DEEPFUZZ with three types of sampling methods as well as three types of generation strategies. Consequently, DEEPFUZZ improved the testing efficacy in regards to the line, function, and branch coverage. In our preliminary study, we found and reported 8 bugs of GCC, all of which are actively being addressed by developers.
Mixtures of ARMA models for model-based time series clustering (2003)

Clustering problems are central to many knowledge discovery and data mining tasks. However, most existing clustering methods can only work with fixed-dimensional representations of data patterns. In this paper we study the clustering of data patterns that are represented as sequences or time series possibly of different lengths. We propose a model-based approach to this problem using mixtures of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models. We derive an expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm for learning the mixing coefficients as well as the parameters of component models. Experiments were conducted on simulated and real datasets. Results show that our method compares favorably with another method recently proposed by others for similar time series clustering problems.
Semiconducting graphene nanostrips with edge disorder (2007)

Results of calculations are presented which show that edge disorder can easily transform semiconducting graphene nanostrips into Anderson insulators. However, it is also shown that this problem could be overcome by adjusting the nanostrip aspect ratio to decrease the effects of the edge disorder without making the nanostrip so wide as to close the semiconducting band gap or so short as to allow tunneling through the band gap.
Determination of uric acid levels in uraemia by enzymatic and colorimetric techniques (1968)

Serum uric acid levels were determined by specific and non-specific methods in uraemia in order to investigate the correlation between non-specific chromogen and serum urea level. The correlation was moderate and the magnitude of the non-specific chromogen was smaller than had been reported previously. The ratio [Formula: see text] urate was found to be 0.85 in both acute and chronic renal failure, a ratio very similar to that previously reported for normal and gouty subjects. In chronic renal failure the true uric acid level is correlated with urea level and there is a suggestion that serum uric acid levels in chronic renal failure are lower for a given urea value than in acute renal failure.
3 layer paste bandages were more effective than 4 layer bandages for healing venous leg ulcers (2004)

Meyer FJ, McGuinness CL, Lagattolla NR, et al . Randomized clinical trial of three-layer paste and four-layer bandages for venous leg ulcers. Br J Surg 2003;90:934–40.[OpenUrl][1][CrossRef][2][PubMed][3][Web of Science][4] Q Are 3 layer paste bandages as effective as 4 layer bandages for healing of venous leg ulcers? ### ![Graphic][5]</img>Design: randomised controlled trial. ### ![Graphic][6]</img>Allocation: {concealed}*. ### ![Graphic][7]</img>Blinding: unblinded. ### ![Graphic][8]</img>Follow up period: 1 year. ### ![Graphic][9]</img>Setting: a hospital leg ulcer outpatient clinic in London, UK. ### ![Graphic][10]</img>Patients: 133 patients (56% men) with venous leg ulcers. Exclusion criteria: arterial disease, diabetes mellitus, rheumatoid arthritis or systemic lupus erythematosus, positive sickle cell test, HIV infection, ulcer area <0.25 cm2 or >100 cm2, known sensitivity to paste, or ulcer not of venous aetiology. ### ![Graphic][11]</img>Interventions: 3 layer paste bandages (a Steripaste® hypoallergenic paste bandage, a Setopress® compression bandage, and a Tubigrip® bandage to hold everything in place) (n = 64) or 4 layer bandages (Velband® orthopaedic wool, a crepe bandage, an Elset® compression bandage, … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DThe%2BBritish%2Bjournal%2Bof%2Bsurgery%26rft.stitle%253DBr%2BJ%2BSurg%26rft.aulast%253DMeyer%26rft.auinit1%253DF.%2BJ.%26rft.volume%253D90%26rft.issue%253D8%26rft.spage%253D934%26rft.epage%253D940%26rft.atitle%253DRandomized%2Bclinical%2Btrial%2Bof%2Bthree-layer%2Bpaste%2Band%2Bfour-layer%2Bbandages%2Bfor%2Bvenous%2Bleg%2Bulcers.%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.1002%252Fbjs.4173%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F12905544%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=10.1002/bjs.4173&link_type=DOI [3]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=12905544&link_type=MED&atom=%2Febnurs%2F7%2F1%2F21.atom [4]: /lookup/external-ref?access_num=000184864800006&link_type=ISI [5]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif [6]: /embed/inline-graphic-2.gif [7]: /embed/inline-graphic-3.gif [8]: /embed/inline-graphic-4.gif [9]: /embed/inline-graphic-5.gif [10]: /embed/inline-graphic-6.gif [11]: /embed/inline-graphic-7.gif
Cyclic and Square‐Wave Voltammetric Signatures of Nitro‐Containing Explosives (2011)

Abstract While cathodic voltammetric measurements based on the reduction of nitro‐containing explosive compounds have been well documented, little attention has been given for exploiting their anodic response, associated with the oxidation of their reaction products, for qualitative and quantitative security and forensic information. We demonstrate here that cyclic square‐wave volammetry, combining the cathodic and anodic signals, offers distinct electrochemical profiles for trace nitroaromatic, nitramine and nitrate ester explosives compared to analogous cyclic‐voltammetric and cathodic square‐wave‐voltammetric measurements. Unique electrochemical signatures are also obtained for commonly used explosive mixtures. Such distinct explosive signatures at disposable strip electrodes should facilitate rapid decentralized security screening applications.