gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
High resolution 31P NMR of extracted phospholipids. (1988)

The common phospholipids from biological sources were quantitated using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in conjunction with an analytical reagent composed of two parts: 1) 2 ml of reagent chloroform in which was dissolved 0.01-100 mg of crude tissue lipid extracted from tissue sources using chloroform-methanol 2:1, the extract having been washed with 0.2 vol. of 0.1 M KCl; 2) 1 ml of an aqueous methanol reagent composed of one part 0.2 M (ethylenedinitrilo)-tetraacetic acid in D2O titrated to pH 6 with CsOH and four parts of reagent methanol. In a magnetic field of 11.75 Tesla, the extracted phospholipids yield narrow signals (1.8-3.2 Hz at half-height), corresponding to each generic species, e.g., phosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylethanolamines, etc., permitting resolution among the various phospholipid families and their lyso and plasmalogen derivatives. The reagent permits assays of high precision and accuracy using a modest amount of NMR spectrometer time (ca. 15 min/assay). The procedures described, which are compared to high-performance liquid chromatography, are convenient for the routine analysis of phospholipids from biological sources.
Some Factors Affecting Precombustion Reactions in Engines (1953)

<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">USE of a motored engine as a convenient method for studying precombution reactions is described in this paper. Preliminary investigations of this technique were made in 1950, and this paper covers the work accomplished since then in establishing a better understanding of chemical reactions preceding knock.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">Extent and type of precombustion reactions which occur in the unburned charge ahead of the flame front determine the tendency of a fuel-air mixture to knock. Use of a motored engine substitutes compression of the unburned charge by the piston for compression of the end gas by the flame front.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The buildup of knock-producing materials is considered in studies of mixture compositions and time factors. Observed precombustion reactions are related to problems concerning the adaptation of fuels to engines.</div></div>
Microwave Radar Investigation of Coastal Ocean Wave Propagation (2005)

A groundbased, portable FMCW 3 GHz microwave radar operating at moderately shallow grazing angles, has been used to measure ocean wave orbital velocities from which ocean waveheight spectra are calculated. Measurement at a large number of contiguous range cells has allowed the study of the evolution of waves though shoaling regions, including wavefront steepening and eventual breaking. An initial comparison of wave height spectra with those obtained from an S4 buoy shows promising agreement. The spatio-temporal coverage of the radar has been exploited to obtain frequency versus wavenumber spectra for particular wave directions, giving the dispersion relation for water waves. These spectra have been obtained using both the backscattered power and the velocity information.
Evaluation of mucoadhesive carrier adjuvant: Toward an oral anthrax vaccine (2013)

The aim of present study was to evaluate the potential of mucoadhesive alginate-coated chitosan microparticles (A-CHMp) for oral vaccine against anthrax. The zeta potential of A-CHMp was -29.7 mV, and alginate coating could prevent the burst release of antigen in simulated gastric fluid. The results indicated that A-CHMp was mucoadhesive in nature and transported it to the peyer's patch upon oral delivery. The immunization studies indicated that A-CHMp resulted in the induction of potent systemic and mucosal immune responses, whereas alum-adjuvanted rPA could induce only systemic immune response. Thus, A-CHMp represents a promising acid carrier adjuvant for oral immunization against anthrax.
Characterization of Photosensitive Low-k Films Using Electron-Beam Lithography (2005)

Characteristics of photosensitive low- methylsilsesquioxane (MSQ) were investigated by the use of electron-beam lithography. Photosensitive low- MSQ makes it possible to realize via and trench structures for Cu damascene technology without dry etching processes in the multilevel interconnect integration of ultralarge scale-integrated circuits. In this paper the dependences of critical dimensions of developed patterns on exposure dose and hold time after exposure were investigated. Consequently the aspect ratio of the developed trench structure of 3.9 and the minimal feature size of were achieved.
Investigation of High-Temperature Printed Circuit Heat Exchangers for Very High Temperature Reactors (2009)

Very high-temperature reactors require high-temperature (900–950°C) and high-integrity heat exchangers with high effectiveness during normal and off-normal conditions. A class of compact heat exchangers, namely, the printed circuit heat exchangers (PCHEs), made of high-temperature materials and found to have these above characteristics, are being increasingly pursued for heavy duty applications. A high-temperature helium test facility, primarily aimed at investigating the heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of the PCHEs, was designed and is being built at Ohio State University. The test facility was designed to facilitate operation at temperatures and pressures up to 900°C and 3 MPa, respectively. Owing to the high operating conditions, a detailed investigation on various high-temperature materials was carried out to aid in the design of the test facility and the heat exchangers. The study showed that alloys 617 and 230 are the leading candidate materials for high-temperature heat exchangers. Two PCHEs, each having 10 hot plates and 10 cold plates, with 12 channels in each plate, were fabricated from alloy 617 plates and will be tested once the test facility is constructed. Simultaneously, computational fluid dynamics calculations have been performed on a simplified PCHE model, and the results for three flow rate cases of 15, 40, and 80 kg/h at a system pressure of 3 MPa are discussed. In summary, this paper focuses on the study of the high-temperature materials, the design of the helium test facility, the design and fabrication of the PCHEs, and the computational modeling of a simplified PCHE model.
Delayed initiation of breast-feeding the preterm infant (1995)

It is well documented that mother's milk is the best source of nutrition for the preterm infant. However, mothers of preterm infants face obstacles during the early stages of the breast-feeding experience. This study examined the experiences of 13 mothers whose preterm infants initiated suckling at the breast on day 14 or later after birth. Eight weeks after delivery, six infants were exclusively receiving mother's milk, four were receiving mother's milk and formula, and three infants had been weaned entirely from mother's milk. Some of the problems encountered by these mothers may have been averted with input from health professionals with special knowledge in breast-feeding the preterm infant. A clinical pathway for breast-feeding preterm infants is presented.
Percentage of cells in the S phase of the cell cycle in human lymphoma determined by flow cytometry. Correlation with labeling index and patient survival (1980)

The percentage of cells with S phase DNA content (S cells) was determined by flow cytometry in cell suspensions obtained from 27 patients with non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. DNA was measured in ethanol-fixed cells stained with propidium iodide after RNase treatment. Cells from 17 samples were also exposed to [3H]-thymidine and labeling indices were determined. An excellent linear correlation was observed between the percentage of S cells calculated by flow cytometry and the labeling index (r = 0.95). To determine the relationship between the percentage of S cells and the clinical behavior of the tumors, the survival of the 27 patients was analyzed. None of the patients was undergoing antineoplastic therapy at the time of the study. The patients were separated into 2 groups according to the percentage of S cells calculated by flow cytometry: those with less than 5% S cells and those with higher than 5% S cells. Clinical follow-up ranged from 5 to 20 months. While 7 of 12 patients with tumors containing more than 5% S cells have died of lymphoma (median survival, 9 months), there has been only one death from lymphoma among 15 patients with tumors containing less than 5% S cells. The difference in survival between these two groups is statistically significant (P = 0.01).
Hitting a complex target: an update on interleukin-6 trans-signalling (2012)

Characterising disease mechanisms in terms of the employed IL-6 pathways will help to select the right therapeutic IL-6 inhibitor in the future. The trans-signalling inhibitor sgp130Fc is about to enter the clinic and holds promise for a clinically different profile in comparison with complete IL-6 inhibitors.
Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Amido‐Amine‐Based Cationic Gemini Surfactants (2012)

Abstract A series of novel cationic gemini surfactants were synthesized from corresponding amido‐amines in a single step reaction. The amido‐amines were obtained from long chain carboxylic acids and 3‐ N,N ‐dimethylamino‐1‐propyl‐amine with excellent isolated yield (up to 95 %). All the synthesized quaternary ammonium compounds (QACs) were further investigated for surface active properties. The critical micelle concentration (CMC) and the effectiveness of surface tension reduction were determined. The surface tension measurements of newly synthesized gemini surfactants showed good water solubility, and low CMC values, had great efficiency in lowering the surface tension and a strong adsorption at the air/water interface than the corresponding monomeric surfactants. Further, the antibacterial activity of the synthesized QACs against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria was also investigated.
Major factors influencing the generation of natural gas hydrate in porous media (2017)

Current researches related to natural gas hydrate mainly focus on its physical and chemical properties, as well as the approaches to the production (decomposition) of hydrate. Physical modeling of the flow process in hydrate deposits is critical to the study on the exploitation or decomposition of hydrate. However, investigation of the dynamic hydrate process by virtue of porous media like sand-packed tubes which are widely used in petroleum production research is rarely reported in literature. In this paper, physical simulation of methane hydrate generation process was conducted using river sand-packed tubes in the core displacement apparatus. During the simulation, the influences of parameters such as reservoir temperature, methane pressure and reservoir model properties on the process of hydrate generation were investigated. The following results are revealed. First, the use of ice-melted water as the immobile water in the reservoir model can significantly enhance the rate of methane hydrate generation. Second, the process driving force in porous media (i.e., extents to which the experimental pressure or temperature deviating those corresponding to the hydrate phase equilibrium) plays a key role in the generation of methane hydrate. Third, the induction period of methane hydrate generation almost does not change with temperature or pressure when the methane pressure is above 1.4 folds of the hydrate phase equilibrium pressure or the laboratory temperature is lower than the phase equilibrium temperature by 3 °C or more. Fourth, the parameters such as permeability, water saturation and wettability don't have much influence on the generation of methane hydrate.
Robust Adaptive Beamforming Based on Low-Rank and Cross-Correlation Techniques (2016)

This paper presents cost-effective low-rank techniques for designing robust adaptive beamforming (RAB) algorithms. The proposed algorithms are based on the exploitation of the cross-correlation between the array observation data and the output of the beamformer. First, we construct a general linear equation considered in large dimensions whose solution yields the steering vector mismatch. Then, we employ the idea of the full orthogonalization method (FOM), an orthogonal Krylov subspace based method, to iteratively estimate the steering vector mismatch in a reduced-dimensional subspace, resulting in the proposed orthogonal Krylov subspace projection mismatch estimation (OKSPME) method. We also devise adaptive algorithms based on stochastic gradient (SG) and conjugate gradient (CG) techniques to update the beamforming weights with low complexity and avoid any costly matrix inversion. The main advantages of the proposed low-rank and mismatch estimation techniques are their cost-effectiveness when dealing with high-dimension subspaces or large sensor arrays. Simulations results show excellent performance in terms of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of the beamformer among all the compared RAB methods.
Human alveolar epithelial type II cells in primary culture (2015)

Alveolar epithelial type II (AEII) cells are a key structure and defender in the lung but also are the targets in many lung diseases, including acute respiratory distress syndrome, ventilator-induced lung injury, and pulmonary fibrosis. We sought to establish an optimized method for high yielding and long maintenance of characteristics of primary human AEII cells to facilitate the investigation of the mechanisms of lung diseases at the cellular and molecular levels. Adult human peripheral normal lung tissues of oncologic patients undergoing lung resection were collected. The AEII cells were isolated and identified by the expression of pro-surfactant protein (SP)C, epithelial sodium channel (αENaC) and cytokeratin (CK)-8, the lamellar bodies specific for AEII cells, and confirmed by the histology using electron microscopy. The phenotype of AEII cells was characterized by the expression of surfactant proteins (SP-A, SP-B, SP-C, SP-D), CK-8, KL-6, αENaC, and aquaporin (AQP)-3, which was maintained over 20 days. The biological activity of the primary human AEII cells producing SP-C, cytokines, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 was vigorous in response to stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α. We have modified previous methods and optimized a method for isolation of high purity and long maintenance of the human AEII cell phenotype in primary culture. This method provides an important tool for studies aiming at elucidating the molecular mechanisms of lung diseases exclusively in AEII cells.
Privacy-Free Garbled Circuits with Applications To Efficient Zero-Knowledge. (2014)

In the last few years garbled circuits (GC) have been elevated from being merely a component in Yao’s protocol for secure two-party computation, to a cryptographic primitive in its own right, following the growing number applications that use GCs. Zero-Knowledge (ZK) protocols is one of these examples: In a recent paper Jawurek et al. [JKO13] showed that GCs can be used to construct efficient ZK for unstructured languages. In this work we show that due to the property of this particular scenario (i.e., one of the party knows all the secret input bits, and therefore all intermediate values in the computation), we can construct more efficient garbled schemes specifically tailored to this goal. As a highlight of our result, in one of our constructions only one encryption per gate needs to be communicated and XOR gates never require any cryptographic operation. In addition to making a step forward towards more practical ZK, we believe that our contribution is also interesting from a conceptual point of view: in the terminology of Bellare et al. [BHR12] our garbling schemes achieve authenticity, but no privacy nor obliviousness, therefore representing the first natural separation between those notions
Immobilization of poly(ethylene oxide) on poly(ethylene terephthalate) using a plasma polymerization process (1989)

Abstract Poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) has been covalently immobilized on poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) films using a radio frequency glow discharge polymer deposition process, followed by chemical coupling. Amino or hydroxyl groups were introduced onto the surface of the PET by exposing the films to allylamine and allyl alcohol plasmas. These functional groups were activated with cyanuric chloride, and then they were reacted with PEO. ESCA and water contact angle studies were used to characterize the surfaces of these films during the different stages of the reaction. The films containing the higher molecular weight PEO exhibited an increase in the CO peak of the C ls ESCA spectrum and an increase in oxygen content on the film surfaces. Increasing the molecular weight of the PEO attached to the PET also resulted in an increased wettability of the films.
Magnetic Sensors For Nanotesla Detection Using Planar Hall Effect (2005)

We have fabricated sensitive magnetic field detection devices based on the planar Hall effect. The active material consists of permalloy ultrathin films (60A thick) on top of a Fe/Pd bilayer epitaxially grown on MgO
High Pressure Kinetics in Solution (1972)

Machine learning (ML) is transforming all areas of science. The complex and time-consuming calculations in molecular simulations are particularly suitable for an ML revolution and have already been profoundly affected by the application of existing ML ...Read More
Long term results after transpupillary thermotherapy in eyes with occult choroidal neovascularisation associated with age related macular degeneration: a prospective trial (2006)

Although in the majority of patients far and near distance acuity could be stabilised on average a significant decrease over time after TTT was observed. Statistical comparison of months 12 and 24 showed no further deterioration.
Catalytic properties of an expressed and purified higher plant typeζ‐carotene desaturase from<i>Capsicum annuum</i> (1999)

The zeta-carotene desaturase from Capsicum annuum (EC 1.14.99.-) was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and characterized biochemically. The enzyme acts as a monomer with lipophilic quinones as cofactors. Km values for the substrate zeta-carotene or the intermediate neurosporene in the two-step desaturation reaction are almost identical. Product analysis showed that different lycopene isomers are formed, including substantial amounts of the all-trans form, together with 7,7',9,9'-tetracis prolycopene via the corresponding neurosporene isomers. The application of different geometric isomers as substrates revealed that the zeta-carotene desaturase has no preference for certain isomers and that the nature of the isomers formed during catalysis depends strictly on the isomeric composition of the substrate.
NEIL: Extracting Visual Knowledge from Web Data (2013)

We propose NEIL (Never Ending Image Learner), a computer program that runs 24 hours per day and 7 days per week to automatically extract visual knowledge from Internet data. NEIL uses a semi-supervised learning algorithm that jointly discovers common sense relationships (e.g., "Corolla is a kind of/looks similar to Car", "Wheel is a part of Car") and labels instances of the given visual categories. It is an attempt to develop the world's largest visual structured knowledge base with minimum human labeling effort. As of 10th October 2013, NEIL has been continuously running for 2.5 months on 200 core cluster (more than 350K CPU hours) and has an ontology of 1152 object categories, 1034 scene categories and 87 attributes. During this period, NEIL has discovered more than 1700 relationships and has labeled more than 400K visual instances.
Non-invasive soil property measurement for precision farming (1999)

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Characterization of a degradable polar hydrophobic ionic polyurethane with circulating angiogenic cells<i>in vitro</i> (2014)

This study investigated the interaction of human circulating angiogenic cells (CACs) with a degradable polar hydrophobic ionic polyurethane (D-PHI) which has been previously shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory character and favorable interactions with human endothelial cells (ECs). Given the implication of the CACs in microvessel development it was of intrinsic interest to expand our knowledge of D-PHI biocompatibility with this relevant primary cell involved in angiogenesis. The findings will be compared to a well-established benchmark substrate for CACs, fibronectin-coated tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS). Immunoblotting analysis showed that CACs were a heterogeneous population of cells composed mostly of monocytic cells expressing the CD14 marker. Assessment of the cytokine release profile, using ELISA, showed that D-PHI supported a higher concentration of interleukin-10 (IL-10) when compared to the concentration of tumor necrosis factor alpha, which is indicative of an anti-inflammatory phenotype, and was different from the response with TCPS. It was found that the CACs were attached to D-PHI and remained viable and functional (nitric oxide production) during the seven days of culture. However, there did not appear to be any significant proliferation on D-PHI, contrary to the CAC growth on fibronectin-coated TCPS. It was concluded that D-PHI displayed some of the qualities suitable to enable the retention of CACs onto this substrate, as well as maintaining an anti-inflammatory phenotype, characteristics which have been reported to be important for angiogenesis in vivo.
Isolation of a gene encoding a chaperonin-like protein by complementation of yeast amino acid transport mutants with human cDNA. (1992)

A human cDNA library in lambda-yes plasmid was used to transform a strain of Saccharomyces cerevisiae with defects in histidine biosynthesis (his4-401) and histidine permease (hip1-614) and with the general amino acid permease (GAP) repressed by excess ammonium. We investigated three plasmids complementing the transport defect on a medium with a low concentration of histidine. Inserts in these plasmids hybridized with human genomic but not yeast genomic DNA, indicating their human origin. mRNA corresponding to the human DNA insert was produced by each yeast transformant. Complementation of the histidine transport defect was confirmed by direct measurement of histidine uptake, which was increased 15- to 65-fold in the transformants as compared with the parental strain. Competitive inhibition studies, measurement of citrulline uptake, and lack of complementation in gap1- strains indicated that the human cDNA genes code for proteins that prevent GAP repression by ammonium. The amino acid sequence encoded by one of the cDNA clones is related to T-complex proteins, which suggests a "chaperonin"-like function. We suggest that the human chaperonin-like protein stabilizes the NPR1 gene product and prevents inactivation of GAP.
Application of the digital alloy composition grading technique to strained InGaAs/GaAs/AlGaAs diode laser active regions (1994)

Molecular-beam epitaxy (MBE) growth, lasing performance, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) of In0.25Ga0.75As asymmetric triangular quantum well (ATQW) active regions is reported. The digital alloy technique was utilized to form three active regions of widths 200, 300, and 400 Å. Each structure lased with a threshold current density of 313, 152, and 241 A/cm2, respectively. The lasing wavelength range was 979–1030 nm. This is the first demonstration that controlled, digitally graded quantum wells can be incorporated into laser diode active regions.