gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A comparative study of defect states in evaporated and selenized CIGS(S) solar cells (2005)

Current-voltage, admittance spectroscopy, and drive-level capacitance profiling measurements were taken on Cu(In1−xGax)(Se1−ySy)2 solar cell devices. The devices were made using two different types of absorbers. One set of absorbers was deposited via physical vapor deposition, while the other set of absorbers was made by selenization of metal precursors. Additionally, each type of absorber was completed with one of two different types of buffer treatments: a CdS layer or a cadmium partial electrolyte surface modification. The devices with the evaporated absorbers had larger values of VOC, higher carrier densities, lower densities of trapping defects, and likely shallower gap states. Results were qualitatively similar for the CdS and partial electrolyte buffers. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Hybrid Synthetic Receptors on MOSFET Devices for Detection of Prostate Specific Antigen in Human Plasma (2016)

The study reports the use of extended gate field-effect transistors (FET) for the label-free and sensitive detection of prostate cancer (PCa) biomarkers in human plasma. The approach integrates for the first time hybrid synthetic receptors comprising of highly selective aptamer-lined pockets (apta-MIP) with FETs for sensitive detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) at clinically relevant concentrations. The hybrid synthetic receptors were constructed by immobilizing an aptamer-PSA complex on gold and subjecting it to 13 cycles of dopamine electropolymerization. The polymerization resulted in the creation of highly selective polymeric cavities that retained the ability to recognize PSA post removal of the protein. The hybrid synthetic receptors were subsequently used in an extended gate FET setup for electrochemical detection of PSA. The sensor was reported to have a limit of detection of 0.1 pg/mL with a linear detection range from 0.1 pg/mL to 1 ng/mL PSA. Detection of 1-10 pg/mL PSA was also achieved in diluted human plasma. The present apta-MIP sensor developed in conjunction with FET devices demonstrates the potential for clinical application of synthetic hybrid receptors for the detection of clinically relevant biomarkers in complex samples.
Predictions of Oil or Gas Potential by Near-Surface Geochemistry (1983)

Recent advances in surface geochemical prospecting have enabled age-old seep-detection technology to be used to determine the gas versus oil character of a potential fairway. Extensive field work has demonstrated that the chemical compositions of near-surface hydrocarbon soil gases, measured by flame ionization gas chromatography, are largely determined by the hydrocarbons in nearby underlying reservoirs. By using compositions and ratios of the light hydrocarbons, methane, ethane, propane, and butane, one may predict whether oil or gas is more likely to be discovered in the prospect area. Near-surface hydrocarbons are best represented by normalized histograms of composition data. These histograms are strongly correlative with those of reservoir gas and with compositions o gas from shows recorded in downhole mud logging. This correspondence with the actual formation gases suggests that the upward migration of reservoired light hydrocarbons into near-surface soils represents a viable mechanism, allowing surface geochemical exploration to be utilized for regional hydrocarbon evaluations. Geochemical profiles over known production areas are shown for the Sacramento and San Joaquin basins in California and for the Utah-Wyoming Overthrust belt. Geochemical predictions were documented by subsequent drilling near the Pineview field in Utah. The data imply that the Pineview field should extend westward into an area containing a dry hole. In addition, a new gas discovery--on the intersection of a Landsat lineament and a large methane anomaly--was made 6.5 km (4 mi) northeast of the Pineview field by Amoco in 1981. Most of the geochemical examples reported show direct anomalies over known fields. However, seeps can be laterally displaced in certain geologic settings. In addition, geochemical investigations indicate that seep magnitudes depend on tectonic activity to aid gas migration along faults and fractures, which appear to provide the major migration pathways. This fault association suggests that diffusion is of secondary importance. Geochemical prospecting must be used with caution, and only in conjunction with geologic and geophysical tools, because the location and shape of many geochemical anomalies are governed more by the local tectonic structure of the region than by the position and shape of the actual deposit. Regional groundwater flow is less significant. Thus, geochemical prospecting, when used alone, cannot predict whether a particular soil-gas anomaly is associated with a commercial deposit. It can only be used to verify the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons and to predict whether gas or oil is likely to occur in a potential structure. Geochemical prospecting yields excellent regional evaluations of hydrocarbon potential.
EFFICIENT 3‐D MIGRATION IN TWO STEPS* (1983)

A bstract The addition of a third dimension to seismic data acquisition offers significant improvement of our reflection images of geologic structures, but potentially at a substantial increase in data processing cost. Here we study an approach to migration of three‐dimensional (3‐D) stacked data that can considerably reduce the burden of computation and data manipulation. Cascading two‐dimensional (2‐D) migrations in orthogonal lateral directions, we obtain an efficient 3‐D scheme that is exact for homogeneous media. As applied to examples of synthetic data from inhomogeneous media, the scheme introduces errors well below those attributable, in practice, to uncertainties in migration velocity. Application of this two‐step approach, using both Kirchhoff‐summation and finite‐difference algorithms, to a 3‐D seismic land survey over an area of known hydrocarbon traps additionally proves the importance of 3‐D migration in stratigraphic imaging.
High speed digital transceivers: A challenge for manufacturing (2003)

The evolution of personal computers and network servers is pushing the micro-electronics industry to integrate high speed transceiver macrocells onto CMOS Integrated Circuits (IC). Some examples of high speed transceiver standards are: Fiberchannel, Gigabit Ethernet, NGIO, FireWire (IEEE 1394), USB 2.0 and VESA display standards. ASICs designed for DATACOM and TELECOM applications and standard products such as FireWire (IEEE 1394) are currently running in the 400 Mb/S to 800 Mb/S data rate range. Fast data rates, coupled with low voltage swings and differential buffers, such as LVDS (Low voltage differential swing) buffers, are presenting challenges to the current generation of ATE. It has now become technically feasible to integrate gigabit transceiver macrocells into CMOS ASIC's. Gigabit transceivers are being designed into digital ASIC designs such as disk drive controllers and Ethernet switches. The need for high quality, yet low cost solutions to test these macrocells, and stand alone standard products, has become essential.
Kinetics of Rare Earth and Aluminum Leaching from Kaolin (2017)

In this paper, magnesium sulfate was used as a lixiviant to recover rare earth from kaolin. The effects of column leaching conditions, such as the concentration of magnesium sulfate, liquid/solid ratio, flow rate, and pH of the magnesium sulfate solution on the leaching efficiency of rare earth and aluminum, were investigated. In addition, the leaching kinetics of rare earth and aluminum were analyzed based on the magnesium concentration. The results showed that the optimal leaching conditions 0.2 mol/L magnesium sulfate solution with no pH adjustment, 1.2:1 for the liquid/solid ratio, and at a flow rate of 0.5 mL/min led to an 89% rare earth leaching efficiency and an 81% aluminum leaching efficiency. The aluminum leaching efficiency by magnesium sulfate was 7% less than that by ammonium sulfate. Moreover, the equilibrium time for rare earth was 33 min shorter than aluminum, which is of benefit to reduce the leaching time of aluminum. The leaching kinetic data fitted an unreacted shrinking-core model. Semi-empirical equations based on the apparent rate constant and magnesium concentration of rare earth and aluminum were established, and the reaction orders for rare earth and aluminum were determined to be 1.69 and 1.61, respectively. The results of this study could help to better understand and optimize the leaching process by magnesium sulfate.
Alternate air bearing slider designs for areal density of 1 Tb/in/sup 2/ (2006)

To achieve the areal density goal in hard disk drives of 1 Tb/in/sup 2/ the minimum physical spacing or flying height (FH) between the read/write transducer and disk must be reduced to about 2 nm. At such low spacing new nanoscale forces act between the slider and disk, such as intermolecular and electrostatic forces, which must be taken into consideration in the air bearing design. These forces increase the level of flying height modulations (FHMs), which in turn creates dynamic instability and intermittent contact in the flying head slider similar to what has been observed in experiments. Here, we present three possible approaches to minimize such forces and/or reduce FHM by FH control, including a micro-trailing pad slider, a thermal flying height control slider, and a piezoelectric flying height control slider for hard disk drives.
Viral vectors in malaria vaccine development (2009)

Traditional vaccine technologies have resulted in an impressive array of efficacious vaccines against a variety of infectious agents. However, several potentially deadly pathogens, including retroviruses and parasites, have proven less amenable to the application of traditional vaccine platforms, indicating the need for new approaches. Viral vectors represent an attractive way to deliver and present vaccine antigens that may offer advantages over traditional platforms. Due to their ability to induce strong cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in addition to antibodies, viral vectors may be suitable for infectious agents, such as malaria parasites, where potent CMI is required for protection. Poxvirus-vectored malaria vaccines have been the most extensively studied in the clinic, achieving significant reductions in liver-stage parasite burden. More recently, adenovirus-vectored malaria vaccines have entered clinical testing. The most promising approach - heterologous prime-boost regimens, in which different viral vectors are sequentially paired with each other or with DNA or recombinant protein vaccines - is now being explored, and could provide high-grade protection, if findings in animal models are translatable to humans. Significant barriers remain, however, such as pre-existing immunity to the vector particle and an unexplained safety signal observed in one trial suggesting an increased risk of HIV acquisition in volunteers with pre-existing immunity to the vector.
The mass spectra of some <i>para</i> substituted triarylphosphines and triarylphosphine oxides (1981)

Abstract The mass spectra are reported for a series of tris( p ‐alkylaryl)phosphines and the corresponding phosphine oxides. The phosphines all give [M] +˙ as the base peak except when the phenyl groups are not para substituted. For the oxides [M–H] + gives the base peak with one exception for which [M] +˙ is the most abundant ion.
Multi-beam and multi-range antenna array for 24 GHz radar applications (2014)

An 8 × 4 microstrip antenna array operating within 24 GHz frequency range has been shown. The presented antenna features two beams: a broadside beam and a dual beam. It allows for detection of targets in two different ranges and at two different angular positions. Additionally, the antenna can be used for the direction finding. The proposed antenna array uses `through-element' series feeding technique for dissipation losses reduction as well as the stacked laminate structure to separate the radiating elements and the feeding network, which allows for achieving satisfactory radiation patterns in a wide frequency range.
New Practical Synthesis of Tenidap (1999)

The development of a new, practical synthesis to tenidap is described. N,O-Dialkoxy(aryloxy)carbonylation of 5-chloro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindole, followed by removal of the O-alkoxy(aryloxy)carbonyl group gave 1-[alkoxy(aryloxy)carbonyl]-5-chloro-2-oxo-2,3-dihydroindoles in good yields. The latter compounds were thenoylated in the 3-position. The role of DMAP in the acylation reaction is discussed. The structures of the thenoylated products and their enolate salts were investigated both in solution and solid phases. Ammonolysis of 5-chloro-3-[1-hydroxy-1-(2-thienyl)methylene]-2-oxo-1-phenoxycarbonyl-2,3-dihydroindole afforded the corresponding 1-carbamoyl derivative (tenidap) in high yield. The corresponding 1-ethoxy- and 1-methoxycarbonyl derivatives could not be similarly transformed to tenidap; loss of the alkoxycarbonyl moiety occurred instead of carbamoylation.
Unusual organization of DNA sequences in the chicken (1978)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTUnusual organization of DNA sequences in the chickenFrancine C. Eden and John P. HendrickCite this: Biochemistry 1978, 17, 26, 5838–5844Publication Date (Print):December 1, 1978Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 December 1978https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/bi00619a035https://doi.org/10.1021/bi00619a035research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations40LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Height Equivalent to a Theoretical Plate Theory for Rectangular GC Columns (1998)

The theory for the height equivalent to a theoretical plate (HETP) of a miniature rectangular gas chromatographic (GC) column is developed in analogy to Golay's theory for an open tubular GC column. The HETP is similar to that for an open tubular column except for the nonequilibrium or mass-transfer term. Unlike prior theories, the nonequilibrium or mass-transfer term is complexly related to column geometry. The theory successfully predicts the performance of fast chromatography, in the form of both short microbore and micromachined columns. For a given column length, rectangular columns have lower HETPs than conventional capillary columns and higher volumetric flow rates. A good rule of thumb is that the resolution can be adjusted by selecting the column height (provided it is much less than the column width), and the volumetric flow of carrier gas can be adjusted by selecting the column width (or cross-sectional area). A satisfactory compromise is to use a low inlet pressure that also provides an HETP that remains nearly constant over a range of pressures.
Catalytic Gasification of Coal Using Eutectic Salts: Recovery, Regeneration, and Recycle of Spent Eutectic Catalysts (2003)

Catalyst recovery studies were conducted for gasified chars produced from steam gasification of Illinois #6 coal catalyzed with two different catalyst systems. A ternary (43.5 mol% Li2CO3-31.5 mol% Na2COr-25 mol% K2CO3) and a binary (29 mol% Na2CO3-71 mol% K2CO3) eutectic catalyst system were used for gasifying coal. Various extraction schemes, such as water extraction, H2SO4 extraction, and acetic acid extraction, were evaluated with respect to their extraction efficiencies. Effects of major process variables, such as solvent-to-char ratio, mixing time, temperature, and concentration, on the extraction efficiency were evaluated. A process schematic for the entire catalyst recovery, regeneration, and recycle scheme was developed and the preliminary process economics were determined based on these extraction schemes. H2SO4 extraction was found to be the most desirable. It also turned out to be more attractive than a once-through throwaway system.
Auto-zero stabilized CMOS amplifiers for very low voltage or current offset (2003)

In this paper, we present two amplifiers designed in CMOS technology and including an auto-zero architecture for very low offset control. The first design is a high precision operational amplifier focusing on the voltage offset. It is a continuous time auto-zero stabilized architecture, that leads to a typical input offset voltage of 2 /spl mu/V-100nV//spl deg/C. The amplifier with its output buffer consumes 5mW at a supply voltage of +/- 2.5V. The gain bandwidth product is 2MHz while the slew rate is respectively -6V/ /spl mu/s and +8.8V/ /spl mu/s on 10pF with 10K/spl Omega/ load. This amplifier is suitable for the control of large dynamic (>10/sup 5/) calibration signal, and for very low DC signal instrumentation. The second design is a current mode charge pulse amplifier based on a second generation positive current conveyor topology (CCII). The bandwidth, the dynamic range and the output impedance have been optimized using an enhanced cascode current mirror. The preamplifier provides two outputs: one for the signal integration, and another going through a current comparator for a digital counting flow. The double hit resolution is less than Ins. An auto-zero compensation has been added to this preamplifier to control its output current offset down to 60nA. The total power dissipation (preamplifier + offset cancelation + comparator) is less than 1mW. This second amplifier has been designed for low power space applications, especially EUSO (Extreme Universe Space Observatory), which use multianode PMT in the configuration of a large gate time (2.5 /spl mu/s) open for charge integration.
Randomized phase II trial comparing 4 doublets as a front-line treatment in Asian patients with recurrent/metastatic gastric cancer. (2016)

4063 Background: Despite a large number of randomized trials, there is no global consensus as to the standard regimen for front-line chemotherapy of recurrent/metastatic gastric cancer. We conducted a randomized phase II study to compare 4 doublet regimens, S-1 and cisplatin (SP); FOLFOX; docetaxel and 5-FU (DF); and paclitaxel and 5-FU (TF), for their therapeutic efficacy and safety as a first line treatment. Methods: Patients with no prior chemotherapy for recurrent/metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma were enrolled and randomized evenly to each regimen. The primary endpoint was progression free survival (PFS), and secondary endpoints were overall survival (OS), response rate (RR), and safety profile. Analysis was performed by intention to treat. Results: A total of 177 patients were enrolled from MAR 2010 to MAY 2015. Four treatment arms were well-balanced: median age 57, male 69.5%, and ECOG performance 0/1/2 = 61/37/2%. At data cutoff (DEC 31, 2015), median PFS were 8.6 (3.5-13.7) months for SP, 5.8 (2.9-8.7) months for FOLFOX, 6.8 (2.4-11.2) months for DF, and 4.6 months for TF (3.6-5.6) (p = 0.054). Median OS were 14.7 months for SP, 11.3 months for FOLFOX, 11.7 months for DF, and 10.7 months for TF (p = 0.208), and RR were 17.8% for SP, 21% for FOLFOX, 16% for DF, and 33% for TF). In terms of platinum- and taxane-based regimens, the PFS and OS did not differ significantly (PFS: 7.2 vs. 5.7 months; p = 0.207, OS: 13.3 vs. 11.7 months; p = 0.701). Toxicity was generally well tolerated, with grade 3-4 neutropenia observed in 33.3% of SP, 9.3% of TF, 55.6% of DF, and 45.5% of FOLFOX arm, while febrile neutropenia was observed in only 1 patient in SP arm and 2 patients in DF arm. There was no treatment-related mortality. Conclusions: Although none of the 4 regimens revealed significant superiority over others in the treatment of recurrent/metastatic gastric cancer, SP regimen showed a tendency of increased PFS and OS compared with other regimens. Clinical trial information: NCT01283204.
Microfabricated cells for chip-scale atomic clock based on coherent population trapping: Fabrication and investigation (2015)

A universal method for fabrication of miniature cells for frequency standards and quantum magnetometers containing 87Rb atoms in the atmosphere of inert gas neon based on integrated technologies is considered. The results of experimental studies of coherent population trapping signals observed for a series of cells which provided recovery of vapors of an alkali metal from the rubidium dichromate salt with the help of laser radiation are presented. The coherent population trapping signals with a typical linewidth of 2–3 kHz and a signal-to-noise ratio of 1500 in the 1-Hz bandwidth were observed, which allows one to provide a relative frequency stability of atomic clock of 10−11 at 100 s.
The Ga0.47In0.53As homojunction photodiode—A new avalanche photodetector in the near infrared between 1.0 and 1.6 μm (1978)

A new p-n photodetector operating at room temperature and sensitive in the near infrared for wavelengths as long as 1.6 μm has been made from Ga0.47In0.53As grown lattice matched on InP substrates by LPE. These detectors display avalanche gain and dark current as low as 2×10−9 A. Measurements of the speed of response at 1.06 μm have shown a detector response time as fast as 250 psec.
Platelet adhesion to collagen types I through VIII under conditions of stasis and flow is mediated by GPIa/IIa (alpha 2 beta 1-integrin) (1994)

Platelet adhesion to fibrillar collagens (types I, II, III, and V) and nonfibrillar collagens (types IV, VI, VII, and VIII) was investigated in the presence of physiologic concentrations of divalent cations under conditions of stasis and flow. Under static conditions, platelet adhesion was observed to collagen types I through VII but not to type VIII. Under flow conditions, platelet adhesion to collagen types I, II, III, and IV was almost independent of shear rates above 300/s. Collagen type V was nonadhesive. Platelet adhesion to collagen type VI was shear rate-dependent and optimal at a rate of 300/s. Collagen types VII and VIII showed minor reactivity and supported platelet adhesion only between shear rates 100 to 1,000/s. Monoclonal antibody (MoAb) 176D7, directed against platelet membrane glycoprotein Ia (GPIa; very late antigen [VLA]-alpha 2 subunit), completely inhibited platelet adhesion to all collagens tested, under conditions of both stasis and flow. Platelet adhesion to collagen type III at shear rate 1,600/s was only inhibited for 85%. The concentration of antibody required for complete inhibition of platelet adhesion was dependent on the shear rate and the reactivity of the collagen. An MoAb directed against GPIIa (VLA-beta subunit) partially inhibited platelet adhesion to collagen. These results show that GPIa-IIa is a major and universal platelet receptor for eight unique types of collagen.