gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Emission Spectroscopy of Hypervelocity Impacts on Aluminum, Organic and High-Explosive Targets (2015)

Laboratory experiments of hypervelocity impacts on aluminum, nylon and high-explosive targets are presented. Spectral measurements of the impact flash are recorded, together with radiometric measurements to derive the temperature of the flash. Such experiments aim at demonstrating that the impact flash produced by a ballistic missile interception contains the spectral information required to identify the content of the intercepted missile. It is shown that the elements that are part of the aluminum projectile and/or aluminum target are successfully identified from the obtained spectra. For the case of a nylon/aluminum target organic molecular emission lines characteristic of CN and C2 are also identified. The CN molecular band is also observed for the case of a high-explosive target, although the detection of organic elements from such targets is more difficult than for nylon targets. In most cases, the temperature of the impact flash measured using the radiometer is in the range 2500 – 4000 K, whereas a comparison between simulated and experimental spectra shows temperatures up to 9000 K. Hence a conclusive impact flash temperature could not be obtained.
Raman spectroscopy and SERS analysis of ovarian tumour derived exosomes (TEXs): a preliminary study (2014)

Here we report a preliminary study based on the application of Raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) to investigate the compositional differences between exosomes derived from ovarian carcinoma cells (cell line A2780) grown in normoxia (normal O<sub>2</sub> conditions) and hypoxia (1% O<sub>2</sub> conditions). Exosomes are integral to cell signalling, and are of interest in the study of how cells communicate within their environment. We are particularly interested in identifying whether hypoxia induced senescent cells can communi- cate via exosomes with neighbouring tumour cells, thereby causing them to become senescent and therefore radio and chemo resistant. With this goal in mind, we performed a preliminary study on the application of Raman spectroscopy and SERS to analyse the biomolecular fingerprint of both groups of exosomes and to investigate whether there exists a different biomolecular composition associated with exosomes derived from hypoxic cells in comparison to those from normoxic cells. We also applied multivariate statistical techniques for the classification of both groups of exosomes.
False-positive results in dynamic MR mammography. Causes, frequency, and methods to avoid. (1994)

Numerous studies have shown that MR mammography (MRM) yields the highest sensitivity in the diagnosis of early and small breast cancers. The multifocality of breast cancers can be recognized only with MRM. This article evaluates the false-positive results of dynamic MRM. The causes of false diagnoses are also examined and ways to avoid them are suggested.
Inorganic Nanocomposites of n‐ and p‐Type Semiconductors: A New Type of Three‐Dimensional Solar Cell (2004)

A new approach to the ‘3D solar‐cell concept’ is reported. Atomic layer chemical vapor deposition is employed to infiltrate CuInS 2 into the pores of nanostructured TiO 2 . In this way it is possible to obtain a nanometer‐scale interpenetrating network between n‐type TiO 2 and p‐type CuInS 2 . Cells created this way show photovoltaic activity with a maximum monochromatic incident photon‐to‐ current conversion efficiency of 80 %.
Impact of a 10nm Ultra-Thin BOX (UTBOX) and Ground Plane on FDSOI devices for 32nm node and below (2009)

In this paper we explore for the first time the impact of an ultra-thin BOX (UTBOX) with and without ground plane (GP) on a 32 nm fully-depleted SOI (FDSOI) high-k/metal gate technology. The performance comparison versus thick BOX architecture exhibits a 50 mV DIBL reduction by using 10 nm BOX thickness for NMOS and PMOS devices at 33 nm gate length. Moreover, the combination of DIBL reduction and threshold voltage modulation by adding GP enables to reduce the Isb current by a factor 2.8 on a 0.299 mum <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> SRAM cell while maintaining an SNM of 296 mV @ Vdd 1.1 V.
The menopause and HRT: a more positive view? (1997)

This article suggests that the biomedical model of health care encourages a view of the menopause as a negative experience for women. The author discusses the reasons why HRT is not requested more widely, and outlines the future role for nurses in menopause clinics.
Real-Time Marker-Based Motion Tracking: Application to Kinematic Model Estimation of a Humanoid Robot (2011)

This thesis owes its completion to a number of people.First, I want to thank my advisor Alois Knoll.I greatly appreciate his constant
Introduction (2000)

In 1980, Rosalind Coward wrote an article in Feminist Review, subsequently widely reprinted in anthologies of feminist criticism, entitled '"This Novel Changes Lives": Are Women's Novels Feminist Novels?'.1 She concluded that they were not, arguing that 'it is just not possible to say that women-centered writings have any necessary relationship to feminism' and that it would be misguided 'to mark a book of interest to feminism because of the centrality it attributes to women's experiences'.2 The effect of this article has been effectively to close off discussion of 'women's novels', which is unfortunate, as two separate arguments are conflated in the article, and arguably only one of them is defensible. Coward is right to point out that there is no necessary relationship between women's novels and feminist novels: in other words, women's novels are not necessarily feminist — although they can be so. However, it is wrong to argue that women's novels are not of interest to the feminist critic: they are of interest precisely because of the centrality they attribute to women's experiences. Maroula Joannou makes exactly this point in her book Ladies, Please Don't Smash These Windows. She argues that in dismissing woman-centred texts, feminist critics may, consciously or not, be perpetuating 'the dominant cultural view of femininity as trivial, marginal, or otherwise unworthy of serious consideration'.3 As an example, she takes Elizabeth Wilson's influential survey of women in post-war Britain, Only Halfway to Paradise, in which the work of Elizabeth Bowen, Rosamond Lehmann and Elizabeth Taylor is treated unsympathetically. As Joannou writes, in Wilson's study:KeywordsFemale BodyFeminist CriticRomantic LoveWoman WriterReading PublicThese keywords were added by machine and not by the authors. This process is experimental and the keywords may be updated as the learning algorithm improves.
Epstein-Barr virus in AIDS-related primary central nervous system lymphoma (1991)

Primary central nervous system lymphoma occurs more often in patients with AIDS. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) has been detected in these tumours, but the degree of association has not been defined because of both the highly restricted expression of EBV in malignant tissue and the lack of a technique that is reliable in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded specimens. EBV-transformed lymphocytes contain short non-protein coding EBV transcripts (EBERs), which are expressed in much higher quantity than other EBV-latency transcripts. We describe a new strategy for detection of latent EBV with these transcripts as targets for in-situ hybridisation. 18 cases of AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma from a consecutive necropsy series together with specimens from 3 further cases were studied. In each case, a strong positive signal over tumour cells indicated abundant expression of the EBV-EBER1 transcript. This 100% association suggests that the pathogenesis of these AIDS-associated lymphomas may differ from the systemic disease in which only 30-50% of tumours are associated with EBV. A pathogenetic role for EBV was further supported by showing expression of a viral protein (the latent membrane protein) that is implicated as an effector for EBV-associated lymphomagenesis. EBV might have a role as a tumour marker in the diagnosis and management of AIDS-related primary CNS lymphoma.
Abstract B212: QTc study of picoplatin with emphasis on pharmacodynamics of cardiac repolarization (2009)

Abstract Introduction: Clinical studies have demonstrated that picoplatin (Pico), a new-generation platinum analogue designed to overcome platinum resistance, has activity when administered IV in solid tumors patients (pts); over 1,100 pts have received pico. The primary toxicity is hematological. Clinically significant nephro-, oto-, or neurotoxicity has rarely been observed (&lt;1% grade 3 and 0% grade 4), even in platinum-pretreated patients. Pico (150 mg/m2) Q3W is currently being studied in a Phase 3 trial as 2nd-line monotherapy for SCLC. Pico is also being studied in Phase 2 trials in combination with other chemotherapy drugs for colorectal and prostate cancers. In preclinical studies in dogs, pico had no effect on cardiovascular function, including the QT interval. In clinical trials to date, drug-related serious ventricular arrhythmias have not been observed. The purpose of this study was to assess cardiac effects of Pico in patients with advanced solid tumors. Methods: The effect of pico on the QT/QTc interval as measured by the ECG was evaluated. The correlation between the QTcF interval and platinum concentration in plasma and plasma ultrafiltrate (PUF) was evaluated. ECG was recorded continuously with a Holter monitor. Triplicate 20 second ECG readings were extracted at 3 times before (baseline reference) and at 8 times in the 24 hrs after pico administration in Cycle 1. Triplicate 12-lead ECGs were obtained at the end of the pico infusion in subsequent cycles. Blood samples were collected before study drug administration and immediately after each ECG timepoint in Cycle 1 for pharmacokinetic analysis. The primary endpoint was the Fredericia corrected QT (QTcF). Time-averaged and time point analyses for QTcF were performed. Heart rate, PR, QRS, QT, QTcB (Bazett's) and morphological changes were also evaluated. Results: 45 pts (28 women and 17 men), age 44–79 years (median = 60) received 150 mg/m2 pico as a 1-hr IV infusion. The time-averaged mean change from baseline of QTcF duration during Cycle 1 was +2.2 ms, which is considered a nonsignificant increase. At each time point in Cycle 1 and in subsequent cycles, there were only minimal changes from baseline in QTcF duration. Other ECG changes from baseline were unremarkable: ST depression was noted in 9% of pts at baseline and new T-wave changes in 7% of pts in Cycle 1. Mean ± SD Cmax in plasma and PUF were 5566 ± 1079 ng/mL and 4034 ± 674 ng/mL, respectively. The change in QTcF vs. platinum concentration in plasma or PUF showed a Cmax effect of 5–6 ms with an upper confidence interval of 8–9 ms, suggesting no clear effect of picoplatin on QTcF. Conclusions: Pico had no effect on the QTcF interval or any other ECG parameter, supporting the clinical data showing that Pico does not increase the risk of serious ventricular arrhythmias. Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2009;8(12 Suppl):B212.
Kinetics of macrophages, myofibroblasts and mast cells in carbon tetrachloride-induced rat liver cirrhosis. (2002)

The numbers of macrophages and myofibroblasts increased in the development of fibrosis but decreased when cirrhosis was induced. However, mast cells increased in both. Therefore, there was a numerical relationship among the numbers of macrophages, myofibroblasts and mast cells in liver fibrosis but none between the former two cells and the mast cells in liver cirrhosis.
Recoverable Cathode Performance Loss in Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (2005)

This paper addresses the performance loss due to oxidation of a platinum cathode catalyst in continuous operation of the direct methanol fuel cell. Saturation oxide coverage is reached within 2 h at oxidizing potentials of the cathode in the absence of gas-phase oxygen. This rate of platinum oxide formation is too fast to fully explain the slow rate of cathode performance degradation. There is an indication that oxide reconstruction may be responsible for long-term cathode performance degradation beyond the initial 2 h. Cathode performance loss in the oxygen reduction reaction is fully recoverable via reduction of platinum oxide formed on the surface. Because the methanol anode is a relatively easily polarizable electrode, it cannot serve as a counter electrode for lowering the cathode potential with an external voltage source. However, the oxidized Pt can be reduced to its catalytic form by air-starving the cathode and consuming the remaining oxygen in the oxidation of crossover methanol. The subsequent depletion of oxygen in the cathode plenum leads to a potential drop below the level required for complete reduction of surface Pt oxides (hydroxides).
Über einige den Nebennierenrinden-Hormonen verwandte Verbindungen (1952)

Der Schriftleitung zugegangen am
Long-Term Treatment of Cerebrotendinous Xanthomatosis with Chenodeoxycholic Acid (1984)

We studied the effect of chenodeoxycholic acid in 17 patients with cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis. Before treatment, all subjects were symptomatic, with Achilles tendon xanthomas (in 15 of 17), cataracts (in 12 of 17), dementia (in 13 of 17), pyramidal-tract signs (in all 17), cerebellar dysfunction (in 13 of 17), mild peripheral neuropathy (in 7 of 17), electroencephalographic abnormalities (in 10 of 13), and abnormal cerebral computerized axial tomographic scans (in 10 of 12). After at least one year of chenodeoxycholic acid treatment (750 mg per day), dementia cleared in 10 subjects, and pyramidal and cerebellar signs disappeared in 5 and improved in another 8. Peripheral neuropathy was no longer detected in six. The electroencephalogram became normal in five and showed fewer abnormalities in another three subjects. Cerebral computerized axial tomographic scans improved in seven patients; the changes included the disappearance of a cerebellar xanthoma in one case. Concomitantly, mean plasma cholestanol levels declined threefold, and abnormal bile acid synthesis was suppressed. We conclude that long-term therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid may correct the biochemical abnormalities and arrest and possibly reverse the progression of cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis.
Transition metal complexes of the N-cyanocarbimate ion, [S2C2N2]2- (1967)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTTransition metal complexes of the N-cyanocarbimate ion, [S2C2N2]2-F. Albert Cotton and Jon A. McClevertyCite this: Inorg. Chem. 1967, 6, 2, 229–232Publication Date (Print):February 1, 1967Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 February 1967https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ic50048a008https://doi.org/10.1021/ic50048a008research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views119Altmetric-Citations41LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
The Mechanism of End Product Inhibition of Serine Biosynthesis (1974)

Abstract Phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase was shown to consist of four identical subunits. This conclusion was based on data obtained from disc electrophoresis of extensively reduced and [14C]carboxymethylated enzyme, tryptophan determinations, and peptide maps. These studies eliminated the possibility that the enzyme contained regulatory subunits. The enzyme was crystallized with both oxidized and reduced coenzyme bound to the protein. Kinetic studies of phosphoglycerate oxidation have been made possible by substitution of 3-acetylpyridine DPN (3-AcPy-DPN) for DPN in the assay system. The enzyme gave biphasic kinetic and derived Hill plots for phosphoglycerate oxidation at 25°, indicative of negative cooperative interactions. At low phosphoglycerate concentrations, serine was a noncompetitive inhibitor. Subunit interactions mediated by phosphoglycerate and serine were influenced by temperature and pH.
MMIC based optical modulator design (2003)

The basic motivation for research described was the merging of photonic and microwave components for devices on a monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) substrate. The work presented concerns the development of an optical output port. The function of an optical output port is to bring information out of the MMIC by optical means. The concept introduced here involves sending an optical carrier via a fiber to the GaAs chip where the MMIC-generated information is superimposed on the optical carrier. Finally, the coded optical signal is brought out of the chip via the fiber for processing or routing onward as necessary. This requires the development of an MMIC-based external optical modulator, which is described. An analytical study with computer simulation of this structure was carried out. The results are reported.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Polyamines Enhance Synthesis of the RNA Polymerase ς38 Subunit by Suppression of an Amber Termination Codon in the Open Reading Frame (2002)

The mechanisms by which polyamines stimulate synthesis of the RNA polymerase sigma(38) subunit in Escherichia coli were studied. Polyamine stimulation was observed only in strains in which the 33rd codon of RpoS mRNA is a UAG termination codon instead of a CAG codon for glutamine in wild-type E. coli. Readthrough of the termination codon by Gln-tRNA(supE) was stimulated by polyamines. This stimulation was found to be caused by an increase in both the level of suppressor tRNA(supE) and the binding affinity of Gln-tRNA(supE) for ribosomes. The stimulatory effect was observed with a UAG termination codon but not with UGA and UAA codons. Readthrough of the UAG termination codon at the 270th amino acid position of RpoS mRNA was also stimulated by polyamines, indicating that polyamines stimulate readthrough of a UAG codon regardless of its location within the RpoS mRNA. When cell viability of an E. coli strain having a termination codon in the 33rd position of RpoS mRNA was compared using cells cultured with or without putrescine, it was higher in cells cultured with putrescine than in cells cultured without putrescine. The level of sigma(38) subunit in the cells cultured with putrescine was higher than that in cells cultured without putrescine on days 2, 4, and 8, but the level of sigma(70) subunit was almost the same in cells cultured with or without putrescine. These results confirm that elevated expression of the rpoS gene is important for cell viability at late stationary phase.
INDEX: an inductance extractor for superconducting circuits (1993)

The authors present an extractor, INDEX, designed to extract superconducting circuits from layout. The inductances of the superconducting lines are calculated by a set of analytical models. These self- and mutual-inductance models are generated from a series of numerical simulations and a linear programming curve-fitting. INDEX is based on the MAGIC layout system. INDEX has been tested on a number of cases with good results. A two-junction superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) was used as one test case.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Synthesis of Phenolic Metanolites of an Antifugal Imidazole Derivatives (Cloconazole Hydrochloride) (1985)

Syntheses of phenolic metabolites of antifungal vinylimidazole derivative 6.HC1 (Cloconazole hydrochloride) are described.Phenolic compound @ was prepared from 2 using selective mono THP protection, followed by imidazolation and deprotection.1 ; was synthesized from 12 and spontaneously decomposed to 4 and 12 in acidic methanol.Synthesis of 1 1 started from 20 via nucleophilic aromatic substitution to introduce an oxygen function at the m_-position of the chlorine substituent.Imidazole-containing compounds, found to be active against fungi, have been extensively studied.We previously reported the synthesis of vinylimidazoles 1 by a reaction of ketones and thionyldiimidazole or carbonyldiimidazole .Since vinylimidazole 6,HCl (Cloconazole hydrochloride) has potent activity against 2 a wide variety of fungi and is now clinically useful as an antifungal agent, 3 its metabolism in rabbits was studied .In general, aromatic compounds are 4 thought to be monooxygenated to form phenols via arene oxide such as 2 in the metabolic pathway.In this article, we describe the syntheses of phenolic metabolites 8 , 10, 11, and the formation of 4 and from 10. (Chart 1) First to be synthesized was phenolic compound 8, in which hydroxylation occurred at ring A. Treatment of 2.5-dihydroxyacetophenone (2) with one mol.equivalent of 2.3-dihydropyran (DHP) in the presence of pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate 5(PPTS) selectively gave monotetrahydropyranyl ( T H P ) ether 3 in 83% yield. 1Reaction of 3 with thionyldiimidazole, as reported previously , afforded 5 in 70% yield, which was then treated with m_-chlorobenzyl chloride in the presence of sodium hydride (Nan) in dimethylformamide (DMF) yielding 2 .Deprotection Chart 1 R=H 5 R=H & R=OH R=OTHP 5 R= OTHP 5 R = H R = OTHP R=OH
Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation to Formic Acid by Using a Heterogeneous Gold Catalyst (2011)

AUROlite, consisting of gold supported on titania (picture shows extrudates in a steel net cage), is a robust catalyst for the production of catalyst-free HCOOH/NEt(3) adducts from H(2), CO(2), and neat NEt(3). Pure HCOOH is freed from the adducts by amine exchange.
Association of Coronary Heart Disease Incidence with Carotid Arterial Wall Thickness and Major Risk Factors: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, 1987-1993 (1997)

Few studies have determined whether greater carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) in asymptomatic individuals is associated prospectively with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). In the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study, carotid IMT, an index of generalized atherosclerosis, was defined as the mean of IMT measurements at six sites of the carotid arteries using B-mode ultrasound. The authors assessed its relation to CHD incidence over 4-7 years of follow-up (1987-1993) in four US communities (Forsyth County, North Carolina; Jackson, Mississippi; Minneapolis, Minnesota; and Washington County, Maryland) from samples of 7,289 women and 5,552 men aged 45-64 years who were free of clinical CHD at baseline. There were 96 incident events for women and 194 for men. In sex-specific Cox proportional hazards models adjusted only for age, race, and center, the hazard rate ratio comparing extreme mean IMT (> or = 1 mm) to not extreme (< 1 mm) was 5.07 for women (95% confidence interval 3.08-8.36) and 1.85 for men (95% confidence interval 1.28-2.69). The relation was graded (monotonic), and models with cubic splines indicated significant nonlinearity. The strength of the association was reduced by including major CHD risk factors, but remained elevated at higher IMT. Up to 1 mm mean IMT, women had lower adjusted annual event rates than did men, but above 1 mm their event rate was closer to that of men. Thus, mean carotid IMT is a noninvasive predictor of future CHD incidence.