gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Ligand-independent activation of the arylhydrocarbon receptor by ETK (Bmx) tyrosine kinase helps MCF10AT1 breast cancer cells to survive in an apoptosis-inducing environment (2011)

It has been reported that the arylhydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is overexpressed in certain types of breast tumors. However, so far no concrete evidence has been provided yet as to why and how the overexpressed AHR in those cancer cells is functionally activated without exogenous ligands. Here we show that the AHR was functionally activated when estrogen receptor-negative, AHR overexpressing MCF10AT1 human breast cancer cells (designated P20E) were subjected to serum starvation. Transfection of cells with ETK-KQ, a plasmid for kinase-dead epithelial and endothelial tyrosine kinase (ETK), attenuated this AHR activation. Artificial over-expression of ETK in P20E cells through transfection with wild-type ETK plasmid (ETK-wt) caused up-regulation of cytochrome P4501a1 (CYP1A1; a marker of functional activation of AHR). Furthermore, ablation of ETK expression by a specific antisense oligonucleotide or AG879, a specific inhibitor of ETK kinase suppressed activation of AHR induced by omeprazole, a strong ligand-independent activator of AHR. Activation of ETK in those cells conferred them resistance to UVB- as well as doxorubicin-induced apoptosis, both of which were reversed by ETK-KQ. Together, these findings support our conclusion that ETK is the tyrosine kinase responsible for the functional activation of the AHR in these mammary epithelial cells.
Evaluation of Bronchodilation from Aerosol Beta<sub>2</sub>Agonists Delivered by the Inhal-Aid Device to Young Children (1984)

The Inhal-Aid is a device that combines a reservoir aerosol delivery system, two one-way valves, and an incentive spirometer to assist in the delivery of medication from metered-dose inhalers. It appears to result in bronchodilatory effect that is similar to that obtained from (9) compressed air driven nebulizer. Further data are needed to determine if the therapeutic advantages of an aerosol receiving chamber with metered-dose inhalers are matched by clinically important consequences for the patient with adequate coordination. For the patient unable to utilize metered-dose inhalers because of inability to coordinate inspiration with activation, however, the Inhal-Aid provides an effective means to conveniently deliver clinically important antiasthmatic medication.
Varicella and herpes zoster vaccine development: lessons learned (2017)

Before vaccination, varicella zoster virus (VZV), which is endemic worldwide, led to almost universal infection. This neurotropic virus persists lifelong by establishing latency in sensory ganglia, where its reactivation is controlled by VZV-specific T-cell immunity. Lifetime risk of VZV reactivation (zoster) is around 30%. Vaccine development was galvanised by the economic and societal burden of VZV, including debilitating zoster complications that largely affect older individuals. Areas covered: We describe the story of development, licensing and implementation of live attenuated vaccines against varicella and zoster. We consider the complex backdrop of VZV virology, pathogenesis and immune responses in the absence of suitable animal models and examine the changing epidemiology of VZV disease. We review the vaccines' efficacy, safety, effectiveness and coverage using evidence from trials, observational studies from large routine health datasets and clinical post-marketing surveillance studies and outline newer developments in subunit and inactivated vaccines. Expert commentary: Safe and effective, varicella and zoster vaccines have already made major inroads into reducing the burden of VZV disease globally. As these live vaccines have the potential to reactivate and cause clinical disease, developing alternatives that do not establish latency is an attractive prospect but will require better understanding of latency mechanisms.
Joint inversion of marine seismic AVA and CSEM data using statistical rock-physics models and Markov random fields (2012)

ABSTRACT Joint inversion of seismic AVA and CSEM data requires rock-physics relationships to link seismic attributes to electric properties. Ideally, we can connect them through reservoir parameters (e.g., porosity and water saturation) by developing physical-based models, such as Gassmann’s equations and Archie’s law, using nearby borehole logs. This could be difficult in the exploration stage because information available is typically insufficient for choosing suitable rock-physics models and for subsequently obtaining reliable estimates of the associated parameters. The use of improper rock-physics models and the inaccuracy of the estimates of model parameters may cause misleading inversion results. Conversely, it is easy to derive statistical relationships among seismic and electric attributes and reservoir parameters from distant borehole logs. In this study, we developed a Bayesian model to jointly invert seismic AVA and CSEM data for reservoir parameters using statistical rock-physics models; the spatial dependence of geophysical and reservoir parameters were carried out by lithotypes through Markov random fields. We applied the developed model to a synthetic case that simulates a CO2 monitoring application. We derived statistical rock-physics relations from borehole logs at one location and estimated seismic P- and S-wave velocity ratio, acoustic impedance, density, electric resistivity, lithotypes, porosity, and water saturation at three different locations by conditioning to seismic AVA and CSEM data. Comparison of the inversion results with their corresponding true values showed that the correlation-based statistical rock-physics models provide significant information for improving the joint inversion results.
Control strategy of energy flow in hybrid propulsion system with super-capacitor (2013)

The article discusses problem of energy flow in serial hybrid propulsion system with super-capacitor energy storage with respect to robust control and stabile behaviour of all the drive. The simulation model in MATLAB/Simulink of serial hybrid vehicle with super-capacitor is presented. Theoretical results are experimentally verified of physical model.
Contribution of<i>BRCA1</i>Mutations to Ovarian Cancer (1997)

Assuming that our method has a sensitivity of 70 percent, mutations in BRCA1 occur in approximately 5 percent (95 percent confidence interval, 3 to 8 percent) of women in whom ovarian cancer is diagnosed before the age of 70 years.
A Low-Power 1-V Potentiostat for Glucose Sensors (2015)

In this brief, a 1-V potentiostat circuit for a glucose sensor has been proposed. Test results of this 1-V potentiostat demonstrate high linearity with respect to glucose concentration, which is comparable with conventional potentiostat designs. This high linearity is achieved with the help of a transconductance enhanced bulk-driven operational amplifier. The overall current consumption of the circuit is around 22 μA. The potentiostat is tested as a glucose biosensor for glucose concentration ranging from 0 to 30 mM. The design is realized in a 0.35-μm bulk-CMOS process, and the area for the core layout is 0.13 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> . The proposed low-power potentiostat can be incorporated in an implantable glucose sensor system due to its low-power operation and small footprint.
Creating a virtual source inside a medium from reflection data: heuristic derivation and stationary-phase analysis (2012)

With seismic interferometry a virtual source can be created inside a medium, assuming a receiver is present at the position of the virtual source. Here we discuss a method that creates a virtual source inside a medium from reflection data, without needing a receiver inside the medium. Apart from the reflection data, an estimate of the direct arrivals is required. However, no explicit information about the scatterers in the medium is needed. We analyse the proposed method for a simple configuration with the method of stationary phase. We show that the retrieved virtual-source response correctly contains the multiple scattering coda of the inhomogeneous medium. The proposed method can serve as a basis for data-driven suppression of internal multiples in seismic imaging.
Space-Variant Restoration of Images Degraded by Camera Motion Blur (2008)

We examine the problem of restoration from multiple images degraded by camera motion blur. We consider scenes with significant depth variations resulting in space-variant blur. The proposed algorithm can be applied if the camera moves along an arbitrary curve parallel to the image plane, without any rotations. The knowledge of camera trajectory and camera parameters is not necessary. At the input, the user selects a region where depth variations are negligible. The algorithm belongs to the group of variational methods that estimate simultaneously a sharp image and a depth map, based on the minimization of a cost functional. To initialize the minimization, it uses an auxiliary window-based depth estimation algorithm. Feasibility of the algorithm is demonstrated by three experiments with real images.
Failure Pressure Ratios and Implied Reliability Levels for Corrosion Anomalies on Gas Transmission Pipelines (2016)

This study investigates the relationship between the failure pressure ratio (FPR) and implied reliability level for corrosion anomalies on natural gas transmission pipelines governed by the Canadian oil and gas pipeline standard CSA Z662-15 The model recommended in Annex O of CSA Z662-15 is adopted to evaluate the burst pressure capacity of a given corrosion anomaly on a pipeline, and the first-order reliability method (FORM) is used to evaluate the reliability index of the anomaly by considering uncertainties associated with the pipe geometric and material properties, ILI-reported anomaly sizes, operating pressure and accuracies of the burst pressure capacity models. The analysis results suggest that the FPR-reliability index relationship for pipelines with utilization factors greater than or equal to 0.72 is independent of the pipe attributes and geometry of the corrosion anomaly, if the measurement error associated with the ILI-reported anomaly depth is relatively small. Sensitivity analyses are carried out to examine the sensitivity of the FPR-reliability index relationship to the measurement error associated with the ILI-reported anomaly depth.
Ultraviolet electroluminescence and blue-green phosphorescence using an organic diphosphine oxide charge transporting layer (2006)

We report electroluminescence at 338nm from a simple bilayer organic light-emitting device (OLED) made using 4,4′-bis(diphenylphosphine oxide) biphenyl (PO1). In an OLED geometry, the material is preferentially electron transporting. Doping the PO1 layer with iridium(III)bis(4,6-(di-fluorophenyl)-pyridinato-N,C2′)picolinate (FIrpic) gives rise to electrophosphorescence with a peak external quantum efficiency of 7.8% at 0.09mA∕cm2 and 5.9% at 13mA∕cm2. The latter current density is obtained at 6.3V applied forward bias.
Implementation and application of orientation correction on SIFT and SURF matching (2013)

Post-processing after matching technique such as RANSAC is useful for reducing outliners. However, such methods may not be able to increase the number of correctly matched pairs that is important in some application such as image stitching. In this work, a post-processing technique for increasing the number of correct matched points between two images with on-plane rotation is proposed. The proposed method makes use of the dominant rotational degree between two corresponding images to increase the number of matched points after feature extraction process using state-of-the-art methods such as Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) or Speeded-Up Robust Feature (SURF). The proposed method can generally increase the number of matched points around 10% to 20%. Furthermore, it can also correct the false matching which is caused by similar appearance of features.
30.4 A 13.56MHz RFID tag with active envelope detection in an organic complementary TFT technology (2014)

In the last several years, organic electronics have gained increasing consideration as a cost-effective alternative to silicon, especially in RFID applications. An inductive-coupled organic RFID operating at 13.56MHz was demonstrated on foil using p-type organic technologies [1]. A complementary organic technology was used for a 13.56MHz transponder in [2]. Recently, a complementary hybrid organic/metal-oxide process was exploited to demonstrate bidirectional communication in an HF RFID [3]. It adopts passive envelope detection using traditional diode-based schemes with OOK modulation. However, OOK modulation usually reduces sensitivity and reading range. In this work, a complementary organic TFT (C-OTFT) technology [4] is used for the first time to implement a 13.56MHz RX front-end, which exploits an active detection scheme and is able to demodulate ASK PWM-coded signals with modulation depth (h) as low as 25%.
Communication-Aware Load Balancing for Parallel Applications on Clusters (2009)

Cluster computing has emerged as a primary and cost-effective platform for running parallel applications, including communication-intensive applications that transfer a large amount of data among the nodes of a cluster via the interconnection network. Conventional load balancers have proven effective in increasing the utilization of CPU, memory, and disk I/O resources in a cluster. However, most of the existing load-balancing schemes ignore network resources, leaving an opportunity to improve the effective bandwidth of networks on clusters running parallel applications. For this reason, we propose a communication-aware load-balancing technique that is capable of improving the performance of communication-intensive applications by increasing the effective utilization of networks in cluster environments. To facilitate the proposed load-balancing scheme, we introduce a behavior model for parallel applications with large requirements of network, CPU, memory, and disk I/O resources. Our load-balancing scheme can make full use of this model to quickly and accurately determine the load induced by a variety of parallel applications. Simulation results generated from a diverse set of both synthetic bulk synchronous and real parallel applications on a cluster show that our scheme significantly improves the performance, in terms of slowdown and turn-around time, over existing schemes by up to 206 percent (with an average of 74 percent) and 235 percent (with an average of 82 percent), respectively.
Dialdehyde starch‐crosslinked chitosan films and their antimicrobial effects (2003)

Abstract For improved mechanical and water‐swelling properties of chitosan films, a series of transparent films were prepared with dialdehyde starch as a crosslinking agent. Fourier transform infrared and X‐ray analysis results demonstrated that the formation of Schiff's base disturbed the crystallization of chitosan. The mechanical properties and water‐swelling properties of the films were significantly improved. The best values of the tensile strength and breaking elongation were 113.1 MPa and 27.0%, respectively, when the dialdehyde starch content was 5%. All the crosslinked films still retained obvious antimicrobial effects toward S. aureus and E. coli , and they showed potential for biomedical applications. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 993–997, 2003
Regulation of tissue oxygen levels in the mammalian lens (2004)

Opacification of the lens nucleus is a major cause of blindness and is thought to result from oxidation of key cellular components. Thus, long-term preservation of lens clarity may depend on the maintenance of hypoxia in the lens nucleus. We mapped the distribution of dissolved oxygen within isolated bovine lenses and also measured the rate of oxygen consumption (QO2) by lenses, or parts thereof. To assess the contribution of mitochondrial metabolism to the lens oxygen budget, we tested the effect of mitochondrial inhibitors on (QO2) and partial pressure of oxygen (PO2). The distribution of mitochondria was mapped in living lenses by 2-photon microscopy. We found that a steep gradient of PO2 was maintained within the tissue, leading to PO2 < 2 mmHg in the core. Mitochondrial respiration accounted for approximately 90% of the oxygen consumed by the lens; however, PO2 gradients extended beyond the boundaries of the mitochondria-containing cell layer, indicating the presence of non-mitochondrial oxygen consumers. Time constants for oxygen consumption in various regions of the lens and an effective oxygen diffusion coefficient were calculated from a diffusion-consumption model. Typical values were 3 x 10(-5) cm(2) s(-1) for the effective diffusion coefficient and a 5 min time constant for oxygen consumption. Surprisingly, the calculated time constants did not differ between differentiating fibres (DF) that contained mitochondria and mature fibres (MF) that did not. Based on these parameters, DF cells were responsible for approximately 88% of lens oxygen consumption. A modest reduction in tissue temperature resulted in a marked decrease in (QO2) and the subsequent flooding of the lens core with oxygen. This phenomenon may be of clinical relevance because cold, oxygen-rich solutions are often infused into the eye during intraocular surgery. Such procedures are associated with a strikingly high incidence of postsurgical nuclear cataract.
<title>Optical properties of blood at various levels of oxygenation studied by time-resolved detection of laser-induced pressure profiles</title> (2002)

Time resolved detection of laser-induced pressure profiles permits sensitive and high-resolution measurements of distribution of absorbed optical energy in optically scattering and opaque media, such as blood. We report experimental measurements of optical properties in the whole blood of animals at various levels of oxygen saturation and analytical calculations of relative concentrations of oxy- and deoxy- hemoglobin. The results show that optoacoustic profiles are sensitive to small variations in optical properties of blood. When measured with absolutely calibrated acoustic transducers at two different laser wavelengths, 757-nm and 1064-nm, the total hemoglobin concentration and its oxygenation level can be determined from the optoacoustic profiles. The value of thermoacoustic efficiency of pressure wave generation by laser irradiation was also determined from experiments. Erythrocyte sedimentation and aggregation rate was studied, since these phenomena affect spatial distribution of optical energy in blood upon laser irradiation. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate was calculated from kinetic changes in optoacoustic profiles. The results encourage development of various applications of optoacoustic spectroscopy in monitoring of blood properties in vitro and in human tissues.
Solid Electrolyte Nanometer Switch (2006)

We have investigated solid-electrolyte switches that utilize electrochemical reactions (deposition and dissolution) of metallic ions. The switch turns off or on when a metallic bridge electrochemically forms or dissolves in the solid electrolyte. Each state is nonvolatile and the switching is repeatable up to 105 cycles. The promising application is a programmable switch in a field programmable logic because of its small size (< 30 nm) and low ON-resistance (< 100Ω). In this paper, we will discuss the electrical characteristics, operation principle, and applications of the solid electrolyte switch.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of 2′‐Deoxytoyocamycin, 2′‐Deoxysangivamycin and Related 7‐β‐D‐Arabinofuranosylpyrrolo(2,3‐d)pyrmidines via Ring Closure of Pyrrole Precursors Prepared by the Stereospecific Sodium Salt Glycosylation Procedure. (1987)

Abstract The feasibility of attaching a sugar moiety stereospecifically to a preformed fully aromatic pyrrole is demonstrated by preliminary experiments, e.g. by the conversion (I) → (IIIa) (followed by deprotection and ammonolysis to afford (IIIb)).
CO2 Hydration by Mimic Zinc Complex for Active Site of Carbonic Anhydrase (1997)

Abstract The deprotonation of the zinc-bound water and the zinc-bound bicarbonate which arose from hydration of CO2 have been simulated in vitro according to the proposed mechanism for carbonic anhydrase, with the model complex of its own active site, [LZn(OH2)]2+, where L = tris(2-benzimidazolylmethyl)amine.
X-ray magnifier (1979)

A method for the magnification of x-ray radiographic images is described and demonstrated. This magnifier employs two successive asymmetric diffractions of an x-ray beam from highly perfect silicon crystals. The two diffractions magnify the beam in two perpendicular directions. A device with a magnification of 25x is demonstrated for Cu K(alpha) radiation. This device preserves and sometimes improves the resolution inherent in the radiographic technique. The x-ray magnifier is particularly useful in circumventing the relatively poor spatial resolution of electro-optical imaging systems needed for real-time observations. Basic limits on magnification and resolution using this method are described.
The sequence of the flavoprotein subunit of bovine heart succinate dehydrogenase. (1992)

The cDNA sequence of the flavoprotein subunit of bovine heart succinate dehydrogenase is reported. This is the first complete eukaryotic sequence of the flavoprotein subunit to be characterized, and it encodes a 665-amino acid protein that consists of a presequence and a 621-residue mature protein. The deduced bovine sequence shows homology to the corresponding peptides of prokaryotic succinate dehydrogenase and the related fumarate reductases; in particular, there is good overall homology (48%) to the flavoprotein subunit of Escherichia coli succinate dehydrogenase. The conserved sequences comprising the active site and those involved in FAD binding are also found in the bovine protein. The active site of the bovine polypeptide contains a cysteine that confers sensitivity of the enzyme to sulfhydryl reagents; this cysteine is only present in some sequences and thus provides a discriminatory biochemical marker. A putative flavoprotein subunit of human placental succinate dehydrogenase (partial sequence) that lacks this critical cysteine (Malcovati, M., Marchetti, T., Zanelli, T., and Tenchini, M. L. (1991) in Flavins and Flavoproteins 1990 (Curti, B., Ronchi, S., and Zanetti, G., eds) pp. 727-730, Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin) has only 16% homology to the bovine heart flavoprotein subunit. However, we show that the enzyme from human placenta is as sensitive to N-ethylmaleimide as that from bovine tissues. In addition, a transcript in human placenta and muscle hybridizes to the bovine heart flavoprotein cDNA and is the same size as that in bovine tissues.