gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Discharge measurements using a broad-band acoustic Doppler current profiler (2002)

The measurement of unsteady or tidally affected flow has been a problem faced by hydrologists for many years. Dynamic discharge conditions impose an unreasonably short time constraint on conventional current-meter discharge-measurement methods, which typically last a minimum of 1 hour. Tidally affected discharge can change more than 100 percent during a 10-minute period. Over the years, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has developed moving-boat discharge-measurement techniques that are much faster but less accurate than conventional methods. For a bibliography of conventional moving-boat publications, see Simpson and Oltmann (1993, page 17). The advent of the acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) made possible the development of a discharge-measurement system capable of more accurately measuring unsteady or tidally affected flow. In most cases, an ADCP discharge-measurement system is dramatically faster than conventional discharge-measurement systems, and has comparable or better accuracy. In many cases, an ADCP discharge-measurement system is the only choice for use at a particular measurement site. ADCP systems are not yet ?turnkey;? they are still under development, and for proper operation, require a significant amount of operator training. Not only must the operator have a rudimentary knowledge of acoustic physics, but also a working knowledge of ADCP operation, the manufacturer's discharge-measurement software, and boating techniques and safety.
A Neuroblastoma × Glioma Hybrid Cell Line with Morphine Receptors (1974)

A neuroblastoma x glioma hybrid cell line with well-developed neural properties was found that has high-affinity morphine receptors. The average cell contains approximately 3 x 10(6) receptors. In contrast, parent cells and other neuroblastoma or hybrid cell lines tested had few or no morphine receptors.
Abstract 344: Finding the Achilles’ heel of Muscle Giant---TALEN-mediated Gene-editing in Zebrafish Titin (2015)

Background: TITIN (TTN) has more than 300 exons and encodes a gigantic protein that is crucial for heart and muscle development. Mutations in TTN caused a variety of human diseases including cardiomyopathy and muscular dystrophy. Recently, dilated cardiomyopathy-associated mutations on TTN have been found more frequently in exons encoding A-band domains but less in exons encoding the N-terminal Z-disc domains, suggesting that mutations in different exons of TTN cause distinct consequences. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we leveraged the Transcription Activator-Like Effects Nuclease (TALEN) technology in zebrafish to introduce truncating mutations in different exons of ttn, and then study their effects on heart and somites. Results: We generated truncational mutations in different exons of zebrafish titins encoding Z-disc, N2B, Novex-3, and A domains, respectively. Because zebrafish contains two titin homologues, ttna and ttnb, we introduced mutations in both genes at the corresponding loci. While both Z-disc and A band mutations on ttna disrupted sarcomere assembly in heart and somites, Z-disc or A band mutations on ttnb only affect somites without affecting the heart. Interestingly, a Z-disc mutation on ttna resulted in milder phenotypes than an A-band mutation, while a Z-disc mutation on ttnb generated severer phenotypes than an A-band mutation. No phenotype was observed in the homozygous fish in either ttna-novex-3 or ttnb-N2B mutant fish. Conclusions: A spectrum of truncational mutations in ttna and ttnb has been generated in zebrafish using the TALEN technology. Mutations in different exons result in different phenotypes. Detailed characterization of these mutants and double mutants will be presented, which shall elicit distinct contribution of alternative splicing and exon skipping as two candidate mechanisms during pathogenesis of Titinopathies.
The fast decoding of Reed-Solomon codes using Fermat theoretic transforms and continued fractions (1978)

It is shown that Reed-Solomon (RS) codes can be decoded by using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) algorithm over finite fields <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">GF(F_{n})</tex> , where <tex xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">F_{n}</tex> is a Fermat prime, and continued fractions. This new transform decoding method is simpler than the standard method for RS codes. The computing time of this new decoding algorithm in software can be faster than the standard decoding method for RS codes.
An intelligent vision-based vehicle detection and tracking system for automotive applications (2011)

In this paper, we present an intelligent vision-based on-road preceding vehicle detection and tracking system based on computer vision techniques. Pre-processing video stabilization is adopted to improve system reliability and stability. High performance detection is achieved via the machine learning-based method. Our framework is favored for various automotive applications, which yields above 90% detection rate in long range and 99.1% tracking successful rate in middle range.
A novel magnetic contact duplication technique for servo-writing on magnetic disks (2000)

A novel magnetic contact duplication technique is proposed in order to write a servo signal on hard disks and floppy disks at a high speed and a low cost. In this technique a magnetic layer of a master disk is lithographically patterned in accordance with a servo signal, having low coercivity, and dc magnetic field is applied to a slave disk contacted with the master one. A computer simulation using finite element method shows that the pattern of the master disk can be duplicated on a slave. The possibility of duplication by using this technique is confirmed from experimental results in which a Bitter pattern of a duplicated slave medium is clearly observed.
On some determinations of the sign and magnitude of electric discharges in lightning flashes (1916)

Abstract The Sign and magnitude of the electric transferred from the atmosphere to the earth in lightning flashes are of interest, not only in themselves, but also as having to be taken into account in any attempt to test whether there is a balance in the interchange of electrical charges between the atmosphere and the surface of the earth. As is well known, the evidence at present available appears to show that on the whole an excess of positive electricity passes from the atmosphere to the earth as a result of conduction by ions and convection by charged raindrops. I am not aware of the existence of any data on which more than the roughest estimate of the magnitude of lightning discharges could be based. Schuster, starting with two determinations by Pockels of the maximum current, measured by means of its magnetising effect, and taking 1/1000 second as the duration of a flash, estimates the quantity brought down by a discharge as about 10 coulombs.
Mucosal immunization of calves with recombinant bovine adenovirus-3: induction of protective immunity to bovine herpesvirus-1. (1999)

To determine the potential of replication-competent (E3-deleted) bovine adenovirus-3 (BAV-3) as a delivery system for vaccine antigens in calves, we evaluated the ability of recombinant BAV-3 expressing different forms of of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) glycoprotein gD to protect against BHV-1 infection in calves that had pre-existing BAV-3 specific antibodies. Three- to four-month-old calves, vaccinated intranasally with recombinant BAV-3 expressing full-length gD (BAV3.E3gD) or a truncated version of gD (gDt) (BAV3.E3gDt), or with E3-deleted BAV-3 (BAV3.E3d; control), were challenged with BHV-1 strain 108. Vaccination with BAV3.E3gD or BAV3.E3gDt induced gD-specific antibody responses in serum and nasal secretions, and primed calves for gD-specific lymphoproliferative responses. In addition, all calves developed complement-independent neutralizing antibodies against BHV-1. Protection against viral challenge was observed in calves vaccinated with recombinant BAV3.E3gD or BAV3.E3gDt as shown by a significant reduction in body temperature and clinical disease, and a partial reduction in the amount and duration of virus excretion in nasal secretions. These results indicate that replication-competent BAV-3-based vectors can induce protective immune responses in calves (the natural host) that have pre-existing BAV-3-specific antibodies.
The effect of rifampin administration on the disposition of fexofenadine (2001)

This study showed that rifampin effectively increased fexofenadine oral clearance and that this effect was independent of age and sex. We conclude that the cause of the increased oral clearance of fexofenadine is a reduced bioavailability caused by induction of intestinal P-glycoprotein.
Quarterly Quiz (1991)

Quarterly Quiz: I Heard It at the Movies Get access M. OWEN LEE M. OWEN LEE Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic Google Scholar The Opera Quarterly, Volume 8, Issue 4, Winter 1991, Pages 83–86, https://doi.org/10.1093/oq/8.4.83 Published: 01 December 1991
Detection of the Acoustic Reflex below 80 dBHL (1996)

A new method for detecting the acoustic reflex that utilizes standard otoacoustic emissions recording techniques is introduced and discussed. Two successive identical tone bursts of 100 ms duration and 10 ms interstimulus interval are presented in the occluded ear canal at a repetition rate of one per second. If the acoustic reflex is elicited, the contraction of the stapedius muscle is delayed with respect to the onset of the first stimulus. Hence, the acoustic compliance in the ear canal decreases primarily during the second stimulus. The difference of the microphone signals produced by the two stimuli is computed and averaged across a certain number of repetitions of the sequence. The presentation level is increased until this difference is larger than -40 dB (with respect to the stimulus level) and if its signal-to-noise ratio exceeds 20 dB. For normal-hearing subjects, the acoustic reflex threshold measured with this method is on average 8 dB lower than in a standard clinical setup. In 5 out of the 10 tested hearing-impaired subjects, the new method could detect an acoustic reflex at one or more frequencies where no reflex was detected in the clinical setup.
An Encryption Method for QR Code Image Based on ECA (2013)

In order to improve security performance of the information stored in two-dimensional Code (Quick Response Code), a two-dimensional code encryption and decryption method based on Elementary Cellular Automata state rings is proposed in this paper.Cellular Automata can simulate complex phenomenon just using simple dynamical system.In addition, Cellular Automata and cryptography have a lot of similarities such as diffusivity and integrated chaos.Based on this feature, the method uses the Cellular Automata to encrypt and decrypt QR code binary image with the following parameters: the length is 8, the boundary condition is cyclic boundary condition and {0, 1} is the state space.The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has some advantages, such as high speed, good effect and high security.
Engineering the Substrate Specificity ofd-Amino-acid Oxidase (2002)

The high resolution crystal structure of D-amino-acid oxidase (DAAO) from the yeast Rhodotorula gracilis provided us with the tool to engineer the substrate specificity of this flavo-oxidase. DAAO catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-amino acids, with the exception of D-aspartate and D-glutamate (which are oxidized by D-aspartate oxidase, DASPO). Following sequence homology, molecular modeling, and simulated annealing docking analyses, the active site residue Met-213 was mutated to arginine. The mutant enzyme showed properties close to those of DASPO (e.g. the oxidation of D-aspartate and the binding of l-tartrate), and it was still active on D-alanine. The presence of an additional guanidinium group in the active site of the DAAO mutant allowed the binding (and thus the oxidation) of D-aspartate, but it was also responsible for a lower catalytic activity on D-alanine. Similar results were also obtained when two additional arginines were simultaneously introduced in the active site of DAAO (M213R/Y238R mutant, yielding an architecture of the active site more similar to that obtained for the DASPO model), but the double mutant showed very low stability in solution. The decrease in maximal activity observed with these DAAO mutants could be due to alterations in the precise orbital alignment required for efficient catalysis, although even the change in the redox properties (more evident in the DAAO-benzoate complex) could play a role. The rational design approach was successful in producing an enzymatic activity with a new, broader substrate specificity, and this approach could also be used to develop DAAO variants suitable for use in biotechnological applications.
Optical design of wide waveband compact imaging spectrometer with fast speed (2011)

Here two imaging spectrometers, based on a different prism-grating-prism (PGP) dispersing component, are designed and presented. One works at the visible near infrared (VNIR) waveband from 400nm to 1000nm with 1.7nm/pixel spectral resolution, 85mm track length. As for the other, its spectral coverage, spectral resolution, and track length are the short wavelength infrared (SWIR) waveband from 900nm to 1700nm, 3nm/pixel, and 108mm, respectively. Both of the imaging spectrometers have advantages of fast speed (F/2.0), wide spectral range, low distortion, low cost, even relative illumination, and compactness made them ideally suited for hyperspectral imaging remote sensing. Either of them gains the preferable imaging quality.
Kinetics of microbial sulfate reduction (1977)

Microbial dissimilatory reduction uses sulfate as the electron acceptor in the oxidation of organic matter. Effects of microbial growth rate, temperature, and sulfate concentration were investigated. The Monod function for bacterial substrate utilization was selected as the basic kinetic model. Laboratory scale, anaerobic, continuous flow reactors were used to determine values of the model coefficients at 20/sup 0/, 25/sup 0/, and 31/sup 0/C. Acetic acid was the sole organic carbon source. The same reactors were operated in batch mode to determine the effect of sulfate concentration on growth kinetics. The following values of the model coefficients were determined: maximum specific rate of substrate utilization, Monod half velocity coefficient, bacterial growth yield coefficient, bacterial decay coefficient, and maximum specific growth rate of the bacteria. Preliminary design equations for anaerobic sulfate reducing reactors are presented.
SDN and PCE implementations for segment routing (2015)

Segment Routing (SR) technology has been proposed to enforce effective routing strategies without relying on signaling protocols. In this paper, two SR implementations are presented and successfully demonstrated in two different network testbeds. The first implementation focuses on a software defined networking (SDN) scenario where nodes consist of OpenFlow switches and the SR Controller is a specifically designed enhanced version of an OpenFlow Controller. The second implementation includes a novel Path Computation Element (PCE) scenario where nodes consist of commercially available IP/MPLS routers and the SR Controller is a new extended version of a PCE solution. Both implementations have been successfully applied to demonstrate dynamic traffic rerouting. In particular, by enforcing different segment list configurations at the ingress node, rerouting is effectively achieved with no packet loss and without requiring the use of signaling protocols.
Fabrication of Novel Superhydrophobic Surfaces and Droplet Bouncing Behavior — Part 2: Water Droplet Impact Experiment on Superhydrophobic Surfaces Constructed Using ZnO Nanoparticles (2010)

When a liquid droplet impacts a solid surface, it spreads up to a point and the kinetic energy is dissipated by viscosity, collision and surface energy during the process. The droplet can retract if the energy dissipation during the impact process which is only partly governed by surface properties is not too large. Otherwise, the droplet would stick to the surface or break into smaller droplets. In this second part, we introduced contact angle hysteresis (CAH) and studied the impact behavior between a water droplet and a superhydrophobic surface both theoretically and experimentally. On our superhydrophobic surface, the contact angle is about 155° , so the kinetic energy of the droplet can be largely transferred to surface energy. Thus, under certain conditions, the droplet can fully bounce. The impact behavior of normal impact was analyzed theoretically. The critical falling heights for rebound (CFHR) were investigated on constructed ZnO–PDMS superhydrophobic surface in both normal and oblique impact conditions, and CFHR was found to increase with the increase of tilt angle. This shows that the normal Weber number (We n ) is the major factor governing the rebound, while the tangential Weber number (We t ) also has effect on the phenomenon. Compared to the energy dissipated by collision and viscosity, the influence of surface properties is relatively small. The adhesion number (N a ) is the parameter determining the energy dissipated by surface tension and N a has direct relation with contact angle (CA) and CAH.
A Review of CO<sub>2</sub> Applications in the Processing of Polymers (2003)

The use of supercritical carbon dioxide as a processing solvent for the physical processing of polymeric materials is reviewed. Fundamental properties of CO2/polymer systems are discussed with an emphasis on available data and measurement techniques, the development of theory or models for a particular property, and an evaluation of the current state of understanding for that property. Applications such as impregnation, particle formation, foaming, blending, and injection molding are described in detail including practical operating information for selected topics. The review concludes with some forward-looking discussion on the future of CO2 in polymer processing.
One-Pot 2-O-Alkylation of l-Ascorbic Acid (2013)

One-pot 2-O-alkylation of <sc>l</sc>-ascorbic acid involving an in situ 3-O-silylation and desilylation sequence was investigated. Initially the 3-OH group was masked with a <i>t</i>-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS) group followed by alkylation of the 2-OH group. Removal of the TBDMS group using 20% sulfuric acid also resulted in hydrolysis of the 5,6-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene to give 2-<i>O</i>-alkyl derivatives of <sc>l</sc>-ascorbic acid. Selective removal of the 3-<i>O</i>-TBDMS with tetrabutylammonium fluoride (TBAF) gave 5,6-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene-2-<i>O</i>-alkyl derivatives of <sc>l</sc>-ascorbic acid in good overall yields. Through the application of this protocol, 5,6-<i>O</i>-isopropylidene 2-<i>O</i>-alkyl derivatives of <sc>l</sc>-ascorbic acid as well as 2-<i>O</i>-alkyl derivatives of <sc>l</sc>-ascorbic acid may be easily accessed.
Lactic acid bacteria—20 years exploring their potential as live vectors for mucosal vaccination (2015)

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are a diverse group of Gram-positive, nonsporulating, low G + C content bacteria. Many of them have been given generally regarded as safe status. Over the past two decades, intensive genetic and molecular research carried out on LAB, mainly Lactococcus lactis and some species of the Lactobacillus genus, has revealed new, potential biomedical LAB applications, including the use of LAB as adjuvants, immunostimulators, or therapeutic drug delivery systems, or as factories to produce therapeutic molecules. LAB enable immunization via the mucosal route, which increases effectiveness against pathogens that use the mucosa as the major route of entry into the human body. In this review, we concentrate on the encouraging application of Lactococcus and Lactobacillus genera for the development of live mucosal vaccines. First, we present the progress that has recently been made in the field of developing tools for LAB genetic manipulations, which has resulted in the successful expression of many bacterial, parasitic, and viral antigens in LAB strains. Next, we discuss the factors influencing the efficacy of the constructed vaccine prototypes that have been tested in various animal models. Apart from the research focused on an application of live LABs as carriers of foreign antigens, a lot of work has been recently done on the potential usage of nonliving, nonrecombinant L. lactis designated as Gram-positive enhancer matrix (GEM), as a delivery system for mucosal vaccination. The advantages and disadvantages of both strategies are also presented.
Resveratrol and insulin association reduced alveolar bone loss and produced an antioxidant effect in diabetic rats (2020)

RSV reduced the progression of EP and the levels of NADPH oxidase. Co-treatment with RSV and insulin reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors (either proteins or mRNA) and increased the levels of SOD. The data also demonstrated that treatment with RSV and INS alone or in combination had beneficial effects on bone loss.
Stable, nonreducible cross-links of mature collagen (1975)

During in vivo maturation, and also during in vitro incubation with physiological buffers, native collagen fibers display a progressive increase in tensile strength and insolubility. Paralleling these physiologically important changes is a progressive loss of the reducible cross-links which initially join the triple-chained subunits of collagen fibers. Although there is evidence suggesting that the reducible cross-links are gradually transformed into more stable, nonreducible cross-links during maturation, the nature of the transformation process and the structure of the stable "mature" cross-links has remained a mystery. In order to test the possibility that cross-link transformation involves addition of a nucleophilic amino acid residue to the reducible cross-links, histidine, arginine, glutamate, aspartate, lysine, and hydroxylysine residues were chemically modified, and the effect of each modification procedure on the in vitro transformation of reducible cross-links was ascertained. The results of these experiments indicated that destruction of histidine, arginine, glutamate, and aspartate residues has no measurable effect on the rate and extent of reducible cross-link transformation in hard tissue collagens. In contrast, modification of lysine and hydrocylysine residues with a wide variety of specific reagents completely blocks the transformation of reducible cross-links. Removal of the reversible blocking groups from lysine and hydroxlylysine residues then allows the transformation to proceed normally. These results indicate that collagen maturation involves nucleophilic addition of lysine and/or hydroxylysine residues to the electrophilic double bond of the reducible cross-links, yielding derivatives which are not only more stable but also capable of cross-linking more collagen molecules than their reducible precursors.
Cytokines and their receptors as therapeutic targets in asthma. (1998)

Cytokines are very potent pro-inflammatory agents. Several cytokines are present in abnormal quantities in asthmatic airway tissues. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrate that these cytokines have biological effects relevant to the pathogenesis of asthma. We review the evidence that interleukin-4 (IL-4), interleukin-5 (IL-5), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interleukin-12 (IL-12) and interferon-gamma (IFNgamma) have the potential of playing a key role in the pathogenesis of asthma. Inhibition of the activity of IL-4 or IL-5 and enhancing or mimicking the action of IL-10, IL-12 or IFNgamma are therapeutic options in asthma that warrant further investigations.