gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Biodegradation of polycyclic hydrocarbons by Phanerochaete chrysosporium (1989)

The ability of the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium to degrade polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that are present in anthracene oil (a distillation product obtained from coal tar) was demonstrated. Analysis by capillary gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography showed that at least 22 PAHs, including all of the most abundant PAH components present in anthracene oil, underwent 70 to 100% disappearance during 27 days of incubation with nutrient nitrogen-limited cultures of this fungus. Because phenanthrene is the most abundant PAH present in anthracene oil, this PAH was selected for further study. In experiments in which [14C]phenanthrene was incubated with cultures of P. chrysosporium containing anthracene oil for 27 days, it was shown that 7.7% of the recovered radiolabeled carbon originally present in [14C]phenanthrene was metabolized to 14CO2 and 25.2% was recovered from the aqueous fraction, while 56.1 and 11.0% were recovered from the methylene chloride and particulate fractions, respectively. High-performance liquid chromatography of the 14C-labeled material present in the methylene chloride fraction revealed that most (91.9%) of this material was composed of polar metabolites of [14C]phenanthrene. These results suggest that this microorganism may be useful for the decontamination of sites in the environment contaminated with PAHs.
Odorant Response Properties of Convergent Olfactory Receptor Neurons (1998)

Information about odorant stimuli is thought to be represented in spatial and temporal patterns of activity across neurons in the olfactory epithelium and the olfactory bulb (OB). Previous studies suggest that olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) distributed in the nasal cavity project to localized regions in the glomerular layer of the OB. However, the functional significance of this convergence is not yet known, and in no studies have the odorant response properties of individual ORNs projecting to defined OB regions been measured directly. We have retrogradely labeled mouse ORNs connecting to different glomeruli in the dorsal OB and tested single cells for responses to odorants using fura-2 calcium imaging. ORNs that project to clusters of dorsomedial (DM) glomeruli exhibit different odorant response profiles from those that project to dorsolateral (DL) glomeruli. DL-projecting ORNs showed responses to compounds with widely different structures, including carvone, eugenol, cinnamaldehyde, and acetophenone. In contrast, DM-projecting neurons exhibited responses to a more structurally restricted set of compounds and responded preferentially to organic acids. These data demonstrate that ORN afferents segregate by odorant responsiveness and that the homogeneity of ORN and glomerular input varies with different OB regions. The data also demonstrate that a subpopulation of ORNs projecting to DM glomeruli is functionally similar.
Primary Care, Income Inequality, and Stroke Mortality in the United States (2003)

In the absence of social policy that addresses sociodemographic determinants of health, primary care promotion may serve as a palliative strategy for combating stroke mortality and reducing the adverse impact of income inequality on health.
End-to-End Data Analytics Framework for 5G Architecture (2019)

Data analytics can be seen as a powerful tool for the fifth-generation (5G) communication system to enable the transformation of the envisioned challenging 5G features into a reality. In the current 5G architecture, some first features toward this direction have been adopted by introducing new functions in core and management domains that can either run analytics on collected communication-related data or can enhance the already supported network functions with statistics collection and prediction capabilities. However, possible further enhancements on 5G architecture may be required, which strongly depend on the requirements as set by vertical customers and the network capabilities as offered by the operator. In addition, the architecture needs to be flexible in order to deal with network changes and service adaptations as requested by verticals. This paper explicitly describes the requirements for deploying data analytics in a 5G system and subsequently presents the current status of standardization activities. The main contribution of this paper is the investigation and design of an integrated data analytics framework as a key enabling technology for the service-based architectures (SBAs). This framework introduces new functional entities for application-level, data network, and access-related analytics to be integrated into the already existing analytics functionalities and examines their interactions in a service-oriented manner. Finally, to demonstrate predictive radio resource management, we showcase a particular implementation for application and radio access network analytics, based on a novel database for collecting and analyzing radio measurements.
Thermoelectric Conversion with Ion Conductors (1990)

Abstract : A theoretical and experimental investigation of an oxygen thermoelectric generator based on oxygen ion-conducting solid electrolyte was carried out. In this thermoelectric generator concept, oxygen is electrochemically expanded at a higher temperature T and compressed at T1 (T1 < T2). The purpose of this program was to establish the theoretical and experimental foundation necessary for assessment of feasibility of this concept for potential application to space power systems. (emk)
Reprogramming Tumor-Associated Dendritic Cells <i>In Vivo</i> Using miRNA Mimetics Triggers Protective Immunity against Ovarian Cancer (2012)

Modulating the activity of miRNAs provides opportunities for novel cancer interventions. However, low bioavailability and poor cellular uptake are major challenges for delivering miRNA mimetics specifically to tumor cells. Here, we took advantage of the spontaneous enhanced endocytic activity of ovarian cancer-associated dendritic cells (DC) to selectively supplement the immunostimulatory miRNA miR-155. In vivo processing of nanoparticles carrying oligonucleotide duplexes mimicking the bulged structure of endogenous pre-miRNA (but not siRNA-like oligonucleotides) dramatically augmented miR-155 activity without saturating the RNA-induced silencing complex. Endogenous processing of synthetic miR-155 favored Ago2 and, to a lesser extent, Ago4 loading, resulting in genome-wide transcriptional changes that included silencing of multiple immunosuppressive mediators. Correspondingly, tumor-infiltrating DCs were transformed from immunosuppressive to highly immunostimulatory cells capable of triggering potent antitumor responses that abrogated the progression of established ovarian cancers. Our results show both the feasibility and therapeutic potential of supplementing/replenishing miRNAs in vivo using nonviral approaches to boost protective immunity against lethal tumors. Thus, we provide a platform, an optimized design, and a mechanistic rationale for the clinical testing of nonviral miRNA mimetics.
U.S. Access to Space: Launch Vehicle Choices for 1990-2010 (1990)

Abstract : Although studies of space transportation in recent years have spanned a wide range of issues, there have been few studies that compare both means and ends. This report evaluates launch vehicle combinations capable of meeting a range of U.S. space traffic needs between 1990 and 2010. The evaluation aims to clarify alternatives available to the United States in pursuing potential national goals and to increase understanding of the implications of those alternatives. The study method involved six steps: (1) review the space transportation planning process, current issues, and political factors; (2) define alternative levels of U.S. space traffic demand for 1990-2010; (3) create various combinations of existing and proposed launch vehicles to fulfill each demand level; (4) calculate costs and uncertainties; (5) interview space transportation planners on institutional criteria for evaluating launch vehicle mixes; and (6) evaluate launch vehicle options and recommend preferred U.S. actions in space transportation planning and procurement.
Surface Analysis of Silicon: Alloyed and Unalloyed LTI Pyrolytic Carbon (1981)

Low temperature isotropic (LTI) pyrolytic carbon has been studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. Both siliconalloyed and unalloyed carbons were studied, in both as-deposited and polished (finished) forms. The polished materials contain significant amounts of surface oxygen. Approximately 1 in 10 of the carbon atoms in the surface volume analyzed by XPS are oxidized. About 60% of the oxygen-containing functional groups are ether-like, 25% are quinone-like, and the remaining 15% are ester- or carboxyl-like. Polishing also resulted in small amounts of aluminum on the surface as well as several other impurities. The surface properties of LTI pyrolytic carbon are important in view of its success as a material for medical implant purposes. The literature on the surface properties of carbon is reviewed.
REGULATION OF TIGHT JUNCTION PROTEINS AND BLADDER EPITHELIAL PARACELLULAR PERMEABILITY BY AN ANTIPROLIFERATIVE FACTOR FROM PATIENTS WITH INTERSTITIAL CYSTITIS (2005)

Because of its apparent effects on bladder epithelial cell tight junctions and paracellular permeability in vitro, APF may contribute to the leakiness of the bladder epithelial barrier seen in IC.
Electron emission fromphosphorus- and boron-doped polycrystallinediamond films (1995)

The electron emission from CVD-grown phosphorus (P)- and boron (B)-doped polycrystalline diamond films has been studied. The current density against electric field characteristics of the P-doped film showed low-field emission compared to the B-doped film. From the slope ratio of the Fowler-Nordheim (F-N) characteristics of P- and B-doped films, a ratio of 0.66 for the emission barrier height was obtained. The small ratio might be caused by the n-type semiconducting properties of P-doped diamond films.
Liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal for terahertz switch and filter (2008)

The effects of magnetic birefringence of liquid crystal E7 on the photonic bandgaps and the transmitting properties in two-dimensional photonic crystal waveguides are investigated by using the plane wave expansion and finite-difference time domain methods. Detailed calculations on the shifts and variations in the frequency width of bandgaps reveal that under the control of an external magnetic field the two-dimensional liquid-crystal-filled photonic crystal waveguide can serve as a switch and continuously tunable bandpass filter at the terahertz wave band.
Development of a new transvenous patent ductus arteriosus occlusion technique using a shape memory polymer. (1991)

A novel percutaneous patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) occlusion technique, without the potential problems associated with conventional techniques, has been long awaited. The development of a novel transvenous PDA occlusion technique using a temperature-shape changeable occluder device, and the verification of its in vitro performance, were demonstrated in this study. The principles of this technique are: 1) the bar form device was inserted into the PDA transvenously by a guide wire and a pushing catheter, 2) the device was dashed with hot water through catheters, 3) the device was expanded by hot water in the PDA, and the PDA was occluded. The occluder device, made of a shape memory polymer (polynorbornene), was designed to have the monobloc configuration of a thin disk with a hole for a guide wire in the center and a cone. The barlike device by hot press was fully expanded within 10 sec upon immersion into 45 degrees C water. The mock-circulation test with the "great arteries" and a specially designed "PDA" showed 1) the introduction of hot water (45 degrees C) through the catheters caused expansion of the device which stayed in the "PDA" without any support, 2) the "aortic" pressure and the distal "aortic" flow increased rapidly, and the "pulmonary" flow reduced promptly. This resulted in a drastically reduced shunt ratio at the PDA from 68% to 30%. Thus, the novel PDA occlusion technique developed here functioned well to occlude the PDA in a great arteries model.
High-efficiency deep-red quantum-dot light-emitting diodes with type-II CdSe/CdTe core/shell quantum dots as emissive layers (2016)

Highly efficient deep-red light-emitting diodes (LEDs) fabricated by using type-II CdTe/CdSe quantum dots.
Passive exoskeletons for assisting limb movement (2006)

This article presents the state of the art in passive devices for enhancing limb movement in people with neuromuscular disabilities. Both upper- and lower-limb projects and devices are described. Special emphasis is placed on a passive functional upper-limb orthosis called the Wilmington Robotic Exoskeleton (WREX). The development and testing of the WREX with children with limited arm strength are described. The exoskeleton has two links and 4 degrees of freedom. It uses linear elastic elements that balance the effects of gravity in three dimensions. The experiences of five children with arthrogryposis who used the WREX are described.
IAA biosynthetic pathway from tryptophan via indole-3-pyruvic acid in Enterobacter cloacae. (1991)

Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was identified as a tryptophan (Trp) catabolite in the cultures of Enterobacter cloacae isolated from the rhizosphere of well-grown cucumbers. This strain produced IAA in a tryptophan-supplemented liquid medium at levels of up to 1 mg/ml, and indole-3-lactic acid (ILA) and tryptophol (Tol) were also produced. Under aerobic conditions, IAA was produced in higher concentrations than ILA and Tol, but under less aerobic conditions, ILA and Tol were produced in higher concentrations than IAA. In metabolic studies with eight kinds of indole substrates, E. cloacae converted Trp, indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPyA), and indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAld) to IAA. These results strongly suggest that the biosynthesis of IAA in E. cloacae involves the pathway of Trp to IAA via IPyA and IAAld.
Efficacy of <i>MedMyst</i> : an Internet Teaching Tool for Middle School Microbiology (2004)

Can web-based technology be used to effectively introduce or reinforce aspects of microbiology to middle school students? This central hypothesis examines whether brief exposure to a web adventure format containing virtual lab experiments and computer games within an engaging story line can impact student learning. An episodic adventure series, MedMyst (http://medmyst.rice.edu), focuses on infectious diseases and the microbes that cause them. The website is not intended to replace classroom instruction, but rather to engage students in problem-solving activities not likely to be encountered elsewhere. It also provides scientists with a resource to introduce microbiology to adolescent audiences through outreach activities. In the online adventure, the player (student) enters a futuristic world in which he or she becomes a "Reconstructor," a member of an elite team charged with preventing the spread of infectious disease. The series consists of three "missions," each lasting approximately 30 to 40 minutes and designed to address a limited set of learning objectives. Middle school students participated in the creation of the characters and the stylized design through focus groups. Classroom teachers oversaw the alignment of the web adventure objectives with the National Science Content Standards. Scientists and clinicians reviewed the web adventure for content and accuracy. A field test involving over 700 students from nine different schools assessed the knowledge gains attributable to playing MedMyst. Gain scores from pretest to posttest indicated that middle school students retained important information by interacting with the online material for as little as 30 minutes per adventure; however, gains for high school students were less persuasive, perhaps indicating a different learning tool or content is required for this age audience.
An experimental evaluation of the effects of using training sentences to aide young children's word recall (2012)

Using a task that is similar to real-world early reading of environmental print, this study explored how two encoding conditions impacted young children's ability to remember names associated with symbols. Sixty-five children from prekindergarten (n = 20), kindergarten (n = 20), and first grade (n = 25) were randomly assigned to either an experimental or control group. Both groups heard 15 words accompanied by 15 black-and-white line drawings, but the experimental group also heard training sentences. Results indicated that the experimental group had significantly poorer recall accuracy for the symbol names when compared with the control group. Older children in both groups were found to be more effective than younger children at the symbol naming task. Practical applications and theoretical implications are discussed.
Identification of lysine-78 as an essential residue in the<i>Saccharomyces cerevisiae</i>xylose reductase (2002)

Yeast xylose reductases are hypothesized as hybrid enzymes as their primary sequences contain elements of both the aldo-keto reductases (AKR) and short chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) enzyme families. During catalysis by members of both enzyme families, an essential Lys residue H-bonds to a Tyr residue that donates proton to the aldehyde substrate. In the Saccharomyces cerevisiae xylose reductase, Tyr49 has been identified as the proton donor. However, the primary sequence of the enzyme contains two Lys residues, Lys53 and Lys78, corresponding to the conserved motifs for SDR and AKR enzyme families, respectively, that may H-bond to Tyr49. We used site-directed mutagenesis to substitute each of these Lys residues with Met. The activity of the K53M variant was slightly decreased as compared to the wild-type, while that of the K78M variant was negligible. The results suggest that Lys78 is the essential residue that H-bonds to Tyr49 during catalysis and indicate that the active site residues of yeast xylose reductases match those of the AKR, rather than SDR, enzymes. Intrinsic enzyme fluorescence spectroscopic analysis suggests that Lys78 may also contribute to the efficient binding of NADPH to the enzyme.
Deep-turbulence wavefront sensing using digital-holographic detection in the off-axis image plane recording geometry (2016)

This paper develops wave-optics simulations which explore the estimation accuracy of digital-holographic detection for wavefront sensing in the presence of distributed-volume or "deep" turbulence and detection noise. Specifically, the analysis models spherical-wave propagation through varying deep-turbulence conditions along a horizontal propagation path and formulates the field-estimated Strehl ratio as a function of the diffractionlimited sampling quotient and signal-to-noise ratio. Such results will allow the reader to assess the number of pixels, pixel field of view, pixel-well depth, and read-noise standard deviation needed from a focal-plane array when using digital-holographic detection in the off-axis image plane recording geometry for deep-turbulence wavefront sensing.
Insight into the Hard−Soft Acid−Base Properties of Differently Substituted Phenylhydrazines in Reactions with Dimethyl Carbonate (2008)

Following the preliminary studies on the reactivity of the ambident nucleophile phenylhydrazine with dimethyl carbonate, investigations involving para-substituted phenylhydrazines were carried out in order to probe differences in the reactivity within this class of nucleophile. Phenylhydrazines substituted by electron withdrawing or donating substituents showed an increase in reactivity of the phenylhydrazine toward dimethyl carbonate. Under the basic conditions used, all phenylhydrazines displayed hard nucleophilicity, signifying that para-substitution on the phenyl ring has little effect on the hard-soft behavior of this class of nucleophile. This conclusion fits well within the results previously obtained using other para-substituted nucleophiles, i.e., phenols.
Blue extension of optical fibre supercontinuum generation (2010)

Supercontinuum generation in optical fibres pumped with high power pulse sources in the modulation instability regime is reviewed. The physical mechanisms and supercontinuum dynamics are described in detail. Routes to optimized output in terms of spectral flatness and particularly blue and ultraviolet spectral extent are presented, including the use of cascaded and tapered photonic crystal fibres.
Cultural Crisis in the Mormon Kingdom: A Reconsideration of the Causes of Kirtland Dissent (1980)

Until the time that the members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints left western New York (where the church had been founded in 1830) and moved en masse to Kirtland, Ohio and then Far West, Missouri (where a second gathering place was established), the Mormons constituted a close-knit and fairly harmonious group. At Kirtland, however, serious internal discontent developed. In the wake of the collapse of the Anti-Banking Society in 1837 came widespread apostasy of many Mormons, several apostles included, who challenged Joseph Smith's role as prophetic leader whose word was the will of the Lord in secular as well as spiritual affairs. According to the prevailing interpretation, the causes were essentially economic. Fawn Brodie maintains in her chapter on the “Kirtland Disaster” that the “toppling of the Kirtland bank loosed a hornet's nest.” Quoting Apostle Heber C. Kimball, she says that afterward “there were not twenty persons on earth that would declare that Joseph Smith was a prophet of God.” Despite Smith's efforts to salvage his Ohio community, “with mercantile firms bankrupt, the steam mill silent, and the land values sinking to an appalling low, Kirtland was fast disintegrating.” In a recent work, Leonard J. Arrington and Davis Bitton repeat the generalization: “in Kirtland … Smith's failed bank led to internal dissension.”
Sequence and transmembrane topology of MEC-4, an ion channel subunit required for mechanotransduction in Caenorhabditis elegans. (1996)

The process by which mechanical stimuli are converted into cellular responses is poorly understood, in part because key molecules in this mode of signal transduction, the mechanically gated ion channels, have eluded cloning efforts. The Caenorhabditis elegans mec-4 gene encodes a subunit of a candidate mechanosensitive ion channel that plays a critical role in touch reception. Comparative sequence analysis of C. elegans and Caenorhabditis briggsae mec-4 genes was used to initiate molecular studies that establish MEC-4 as a 768-amino acid protein that includes two hydrophobic domains theoretically capable of spanning a lipid bilayer. Immunoprecipitation of in vitro translated mec-4 protein with domain-specific anti-MEC-4 antibodies and in vivo characterization of a series of mec-4lacZ fusion proteins both support the hypothesis that MEC-4 crosses the membrane twice. The MEC-4 amino- and carboxy-terminal domains are situated in the cytoplasm and a large domain, which includes three Cys-rich regions, is extracellular. Definition of transmembrane topology defines regions that might interact with the extracellular matrix or cytoskeleton to mediate mechanical signaling.