gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Exposure to triaryl phosphates: metabolism and biomarkers of exposure (2011)

The leakage of tricresyl phosphate-containing engine lubricants into aircraft cabin air, either from worn or defective engine seals or under normal operating conditions, is a serious concern for both the health and safety of the cabin occupants, since the oil contains one to five percent tricresyl phosphate (TCP) esters, known neurotoxins. The exposure of pilots is a particular concern since their impairment can affect their safe operation of the aircraft. Mass spectrometric (MS)-based protocols for documenting exposures of individuals are described that entail a rapid purification of the TCP-modified plasma enzyme butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Following protease digestion of BChE, the modified active site peptide is characterized by MS analysis. Approaches for identifying safer engine oil additives are also described. Some general comments regarding the necessity of improving the quality and safety of the cabin air supply are presented.
Effects on Industrial Production of the Administration of 5 Pregnenolone to Factory Workers, II (1945)

A study of piece work production has been made of 173 male and female workers making optical goods when they were taking placebos and when they were taking pregnenolone. A significant increase of 4.2% in overall production was found for 77 workers taking 50 mgm. pregnenolone per day over their previous production levels. This is 1.3% higher than their levels on placebos. Decrease in wastage and repairs for 39 workers amounted to 18.9% when they were taking pregnenolone and 13.7% when they were taking placebos as compared to their pre-experimental levels. Ninety-six workers were studied for three months. A third of them took 70 mg. per day pregnenolone pills, another third took 25 mgm./day pills, and a third took 0.1 mgm./day pills (a placebo for all practical purposes). The 70 mg. group showed most pronounced improvement in earnings and in the saving of wastage. The 25 mgm./day group fell between the 70 mgm./day and the 0.1 mgm./day groups. There was thus demonstrated differences in dosage on improvement of industrial production resulting from the ingestion of pregnenolone. Some improvement of production due to pregnenolone tends to be retained after the termination of medication.
Analysis and Design of Catalyst-Coated Fins/Spines (1980)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAnalysis and Design of Catalyst-Coated Fins/SpinesSelim M. SenkanCite this: Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1980, 19, 4, 680–688Publication Date (Print):October 1, 1980Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 October 1980https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/i260076a029https://doi.org/10.1021/i260076a029research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views37Altmetric-Citations1LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
Regioselective synthesis of 9‐substituted‐8‐azaguanines (5‐amino‐3‐substituted‐3,6‐dihydro‐7<i>H</i>‐1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐<i>d</i>]pyrimidin‐7‐one) (1996)

Abstract By modifying previously described methods for the synthesis of 9‐substituted‐guanines from imidazoles, we have developed a new procedure for the regioselective synthesis of 9‐substituted‐8‐azaguanines (5‐amino‐3‐substituted‐3,6‐dihydro‐7 H ‐1,2,3‐triazolo[4,5‐ d ]pyrimidin‐7‐one) from triazoles in high yields. The method seems suitable for the introduction of a variety of substituents including sugars, carbocyclic, acyclic and carboacyclic chains.
Simple focus monitoring by eccentric illumination aperture (2002)

Simple focus monitoring method has been successfully developed by application of a special illumination aperture, which generates oblique illumination beam. By this method, very high sensitive focus monitoring has been achieved in a current stepper. In the stop of the illumination aperture, an opening is located at eccentric position near pupil edge. Then, illumination beam obliquely incidents to mark pattern on mask. Because of this configuration of illumination beam, imaging is carried out with oblique beams on wafer. As a result, imaging becomes non-telecentric. That is, image formed by this illumination laterally shifts almost proportional to focal deviation. To measure the lateral pattern shift, box-in-box mark is formed by double exposure. Inner box is formed by the oblique illumination in the first exposure and outer box is formed by conventional low coherent illumination in the second exposure overlaying inner box by stepping of wafer. Then, relative displacement of inner box to outer box is measured by commercially available overlay measurement system. Since sine of landing angle of imaging beams is approximately NA*sigma, which is over approximately 0.50 in a current stepper, the focus sensitivity, which is defined by a ratio of lateral pattern shift per unit defocus, may become approximately 0.50. Because resolution of lateral pattern shift is approximately 2 nm in current overlay measurement, the resolution of focus sensing becomes very high of approximately several nm.
Diagnosis Of Symptomatic Visceral Leishmaniasis By Use Of The Polymerase Chain Reaction On Patient Blood (1995)

To diagnose symptomatic visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) using peripheral blood rather than tissue aspirates, a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was developed for which the detection limit is 1 Leishmania-infected macrophage in 8 mL of blood. For Indian, Kenyan, or Brazilian patients with parasitologically confirmed kala-azar, 57 of 63 cases before treatment had blood that was PCR-positive (90% sensitivity). None of 40 clinically healthy persons had PCR-positive blood (100% specificity). Twelve (92%) of 13 clinically cured Indian patients had negative PCR reactions 1-6 months after treatment. This PCR procedure can provide a parasitologic diagnosis for the vast majority of kala-azar cases before therapy, may identify patients who have been successfully treated by chemotherapy, and should substantially reduce the need for invasive tests.
Isolation of the catalase T structural gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae by functional complementation. (1983)

The catalase T structural gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae was cloned by functional complementation of a mutation causing specific lack of the enzyme (cttl). Catalase T-deficient mutants were obtained by UV mutagenesis of an S. cerevisiae strain bearing the cas1 mutation, which causes insensitivity of catalase T to glucose repression. Since the second catalase protein of S. cerevisiae, catalase A, is completely repressed on 10% glucose, catalase T-deficient mutant colonies could be detected under such conditions. A cttl mutant was transformed with an S. cerevisiae gene library in plasmid YEp13. Among the catalase T-positive clones, four contained overlapping DNA fragments according to restriction analysis. Hybridization selection of yeast mRNA binding specifically to one of the cloned DNAs, translation of this mRNA in cell-free protein synthesis systems, and demonstration of catalase T protein formation by specific immunoadsorption showed that the catalase T structural gene had been cloned. By subcloning, the gene was located within a 3.5-kilobase S. cerevisiae DNA fragment. As in wild-type cells, catalase T synthesis in cttl mutant cells transformed with plasmids containing this fragment is sensitive to glucose repression. By DNA-RNA hybridization, catalase T transcripts were shown to be present in oxygen-adapting cells but absent from heme-deficient cells.
Antispasmodics. II. Basic Esters of Some Polynuclear Carboxylic Acids<sup>1</sup> (1943)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTAntispasmodics. II. Basic Esters of Some Polynuclear Carboxylic Acids1Robert R. Burtner and John W. CusicCite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1943, 65, 8, 1582–1585Publication Date (Print):August 1, 1943Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 August 1943https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01248a038https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01248a038research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views242Altmetric-Citations16LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
ChemInform Abstract: STUDY OF TRANSFORMATIONS OF 2‐CARBOMETHOXY‐5‐HYDROXYBENZOFURAN (1975)

Abstract Die Bromierung des 5‐Hydroxybenzofurancarbonsäureesters (I) mit einer äquivalenten Menge Brom liefert die 4‐Bromverbindung (II), während mit einem Überschuß das 4,6‐Dibromderivat (III) erhalten wird.
Kinetics of Peptide Bond Formation<sup>1</sup> (1951)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTKinetics of Peptide Bond Formation1D. E. Koshland Jr.Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1951, 73, 9, 4103–4108Publication Date (Print):September 1, 1951Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 September 1951https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja01153a016https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01153a016research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views454Altmetric-Citations28LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-Alertsclose Get e-Alerts
Vasoactive intestinal peptide, a singlet oxygen quencher. (1990)

The neuropeptide vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), a highly basic 28-amino acid peptide, has a widespread distribution in the body. The functional specificity of this peptide not only includes its potent vasodilatory activity, but also its role in protecting lungs against acute injury, in preventing T-lymphocyte proliferation and in modulating immune function. We have investigated the possible antioxidant properties of VIP and found that VIP does not have significant O2-, OH., or H2O2 scavenging ability. However, VIP was found to inhibit, in a dose-dependent manner, the 1O2-dependent 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine N-oxyl (TEMPO) formation. 1O2 was produced in photosensitizing systems using rose bengal or methylene blue as sensitizers and was detected as TEMP-1O2 product (TEMPO) by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopic techniques. The formation of TEMPO signal was strongly inhibited by known singlet quenchers, e.g. beta-carotene, histidine as well as azide, but not by catalase (20 micrograms/ml) which removes H2O2 and mannitol (6 mM) or ethanol (5.9 mM) which remove OH.. Superoxide dismutase (2.5 micrograms/ml) inhibited the photoreaction up to 20% by removing O2- and most probably by blocking the secondary charge transfer pathway of 1O2 formation. These results suggest that the formation of nitroxide radical by 1O2 attack on TEMP may be used as a simple and specific assay for 1O2, and VIP can serve as an effective 1O2 scavenger/quencher, thus it may modulate the oxidative tissue injury caused by this reactive species of oxygen.
Highly selective inhibitors of thromboxane synthetase. 2. Pyridine derivatives (1981)

The enzyme thromboxane (TX) synthetase is inhibited by pyridine. The beta-substituted pyridine derivatives showed higher inhibitory potency than the gamma-substituted ones having the same side chain. Among the beta-substituted derivatives containing the omega-carboxyalkyl group, the compounds with 6-8 carbon atoms in the side chain were especially effective. The derivatives holding the phenylene group in the side chain exhibited much higher inhibitory activity than those of the alkylene type. Among them, (E)-3-[4-(3-pyridylmethyl)phenyl]-2-methylacrylic acid hydrochloride (5a) had the highest potency (IC50 = 3 x 10(-9) M). The beta-substituted pyridine derivatives and 1-substituted imidazole derivatives which had the same side chain showed almost the same potency. The beta-substituted pyridine derivatives do not inhibit arachidonic acid cyclooxygenase or prostaglandin I2 synthetase, two other enzymes of the arachidonic cascade.
Peptides or Small Molecules? Different Approaches to Develop More Effective CDK Inhibitors (2011)

Cell cycle regulation involves processes crucial to the survival of a cell, including the detection and repair of genetic damage as well as the prevention of uncontrolled cell division. The molecular events that control cell cycle are ordered and directional. Cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), determine cell progression through the cycle ensuring the orderly coordination of cellular events. Alterations of cell cycle controllers are among the main causes of cancer onset. In the past decades many efforts have been made to develop kinase inhibitors that are able to modulate cyclin and CDK complexes, either by mimicking the function of natural CDK inhibitors, such as p21, p16 and p27, or by modulating the cyclin-CDK complexes or their targets directly. The great debate is whether to use peptides or small molecules. Peptides are more selective being derived by the linear protein sequences, indeed they should mimic the catalytic or the regulatory subunits of the cell cycle controller complexes, but on the other side they usually present poorer pharmacokinetic characteristics. In contrast, small molecules have better pharmacokinetic features but lower specificity because many protein kinases show high sequence similarity within the active site. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the main classes of CDK inhibitors focusing on structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies and discussing the pharmacological and therapeutic implications.
Effect of Normalization Techniques on Univariate Time Series Forecasting using Evolutionary Higher Order Neural Network (2013)

Over the last few decades, application of higher order neural networks (HONNs) to time series forecasting have shown some promise compared to statistical approaches and traditional neural network (NN) models. However, due to several factors, to date, a consistent HONN performance over different studies has not been achieved. One such factor is preprocessing of time series before it is fed into HONN models. Normalization is one of the important pre-processing strategies which have a significant impact on forecast accuracy. Despite its great importance, there has been no general consensus on how to normalize the time series data for HONN models. This paper investigates how to better normalize the univariate time series for HONN models especially, the Pi-Sigma network (PSN). For this five different normalization technique (Min-Max, Decimal Scaling, Median, Vector and Z-Score) are used to normalize four univariate time series and corresponding forecast accuracy are measured using an evolutionary Pi-Sigma network. Results show that forecast accuracy using HONN models depends on the normalization technique being used. It is also noted that with PSNs, decimal scaling and vector normalization techniques provide statistically meritorious results compared to other normalization techniques.
Dynamic characteristics of double-clad fiber amplifiers for high-power pulse amplification (2003)

Based on numerical modeling, the dynamic characteristics of high-power ytterbium-doped double-clad fiber amplifiers during the amplification of nanosecond pulses with kilohertz repetition rates are comprehensively analyzed. The temporal pulse energy, power, upper-level population distribution, amplified spontaneous emission, stored energy, pulse waveform evolution, etc., are emphasized in this paper. Some practical issues in amplification processes, such as the impacts of reflected pulses from the external surfaces and the fluctuation of input pulse energy on the amplifier performance, are also discussed. The models and results are important for the design and development of high-power double-clad fiber amplifiers.
Photochemistry of bisphenol-A-based polycarbonate: early detection of photoproducts by fluorescence spectroscopy (1994)

The utility of fluorescence spectroscopy in detection of salicylic acid and 2,2’-biphenol type products in the very early stages of photolysis of polycarbonate and its model compounds has been demonstrated. The broad structureless peak around 410 nm produced by photolysis of polycarbonate and model compounds in THF is assigned to emission from a salicylic acid type photoproduct. Formation of salicylic acid groups has been shown to be dependent on the presence of oxygen. The emission with peak maxima around 35Cb360 nm produced by photolysis of polycarbonate and model compounds in THF (or dichloromethane) is consistent with fluorescence from a 2,2’-biphenol type photoproduct. Salicylic acid and 2,2’-biphenolic products are quite photolabile; hence the need for their early detection during photolysis of polycarbonate.
A Multidimensional Data Structure for Maintaining XML Data Partitions (2008)

To achieve good performance of processing queries on huge XML data in cluster machines, data parti- tioning and placement strategy is one of the key factors. In this paper we propose a multidimensional data structure for maintaining XML data partitions, specifically for holistic twig join processing. Initially, we construct the multi- dimensional data structure from statistical information on various XML documents and queries execution that have been recorded in the past, such that dimensions of the data structure such as XML tag, query, and XML document can be composed. Also, we outline series of multidimensional analysis operations for generating and maintaining XML data partitions in three basic steps: document clustering, query clustering and partition refinement. Each step yields partitions with their associated costs that are computed by a cost function. As a part of partition refinement, some partitions having considerably high costs resided in overloaded machines are analyzed to select an appropriate multidimensional analysis operation for refinement. Finally, we show the effectiveness of our proposed method with
A Repressive Role for Prohibitin in Estrogen Signaling (2007)

Nuclear receptor-mediated gene expression is regulated by corepressors and coactivators. In this study we demonstrate that prohibitin (PHB), a potential tumor suppressor, functions as a potent transcriptional corepressor for estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha). Overexpression of PHB inhibits ERalpha transcriptional activity, whereas depletion of endogenous PHB increases the expression of ERalpha target genes in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrate that PHB is associated with the estrogen-regulated pS2 promoter in the absence of hormone and dissociates after estradiol treatment. We demonstrate that PHB interacts with the repressor of estrogen receptor activity (REA), a protein related to PHB, to form heteromers and enhance the protein stability of both corepressors. Interestingly, the corepressor activity of PHB is cross-squelched by the coexpression of REA (and vice versa), suggesting that PHB and REA repress transcription only when they are not paired. We further demonstrate that coiled-coil domains located in the middle of PHB and REA are responsible for their heteromerization, stabilization, and cross-squelching actions. Finally, ablation of PHB function in the mouse results in early embryonic lethality, whereas mice heterozygous for the PHB null allele exhibit a hyperproliferative mammary gland phenotype. Our results indicate that PHB functions as a transcriptional corepressor for ERalpha in vitro and in vivo, and that its heteromerization with REA acts as a novel mechanism to limit its corepressor activity.
Safety and immunogenicity of a new inactivated hepatitis A vaccine in concurrent administration with a typhoid fever vaccine or a typhoid fever + yellow fever vaccine. (1997)

Two clinical studies were conducted to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of concomitant administration of a new inactivated hepatitis A (HA) vaccine and either a typhoid fever (Vi) vaccine or a combination of Vi and yellow fever (YF) vaccines. In study 1, 62 healthy adults received HA+Vi into the deltoid muscle on contralateral sides. In study 2, 59 healthy adults received HA and a combined Vi/YF vaccine into the contralateral deltoid muscles. Reactogenicity was evaluated for 14 days following vaccination. Blood samples (for antibody titration) were obtained prior to vaccination on days 0 and 28 in study 1 and prior to vaccination on day 0 and on days 14 and 28 in study 2. The overall rate of local reactions was 19% at the HA injection site and 75% at the Vi injection site in study 1; the rate of systemic reactions was 41%. In study 2, local reactions occurred at 27% and 78% of the HA and Vi/YF injection sites; the rate of systemic reactions was 42%. All reactions were transient. Twenty-eight days after vaccination, the seroconversion rate was 100% for HA antibodies and 90% for the Vi vaccine in study 1. Rates of seroconversion in study 2 were 100% for the HA vaccine, 92% for the Vi vaccine, and 100% for the YF vaccine. Although this study was not comparative, both tested combinations were safe and immunogenic, and their routine use for persons at risk, such as travelers, can be recommended.