gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
A CMOS retinal neurostimulator capable of focussed, simultaneous stimulation (2009)

Restoring vision to the blind by way of medical device technology has been an objective of several research teams for a number of years. It is known that spots of light-phosphenes-can be elicited by way of electrical stimulation of surviving retinal neurons. Beyond this our understanding of prosthetic vision remains rudimentary. We have designed and manufactured an integrated circuit neurostimulator with substantial versatility, able to provide focussed, simultaneous stimulation using current sources and sinks, steering the current to the intended site of stimulation. The ASIC utilizes high-voltage CMOS transistors in key circuits, to manage voltage compliance issues (due to an unknown or changing electrode/tissue interface impedance) given the relatively high stimulation thresholds necessary to elicit physiological excitation of retinal neurons. In addition, a unique multiplexing system comprised of electrodes arranged in a hexagonal mosaic is used, wherein each electrode can be addressed to be a stimulating electrode and all adjacent electrodes serve as the return path. This allows for simultaneous stimulation to be delivered while appropriately managing cross-talk between the stimulating electrodes. Test results indicate highly linear current sources and sinks (differential nonlinearity error of 0.13 least significant bits -2.6 microA), with the ASIC clearly able to provide focussed stimulation using electrodes immersed in a saline solution.
Muscle tone suppression and stepping produced by stimulation of midbrain and rostral pontine reticular formation (1990)

Stimulation of the midbrain retrorubral (RRN), ventral paralemniscal tegmental field (vFTP), reticular tegmental (TRN), and pedunculopontine tegmental (PPN) nuclei was found to produce bilateral suppression of muscle tone in the unanesthetized, decerebrate animal. The RRN is the most rostral area shown to produce such suppression. This muscle tone suppression was frequency- and intensity-dependent. At low stimulus intensities, bilateral suppression was produced at these sites. At higher current and frequency levels, 2 types of muscle responses were found, excitation in PPN and RRN and initial suppression followed by excitation in TRN and vFTP. The mean latency to muscle tone suppression was not significantly different in TRN (36.8 msec) and RRN (36.5 msec). However, muscle tone suppression latency was significantly shorter in vFTP (31 msec) and PPN (27.1 msec). In addition to muscle tone suppression, stepping-like activity could be elicited at the same points by consecutive train stimulations in PPN and single train stimulation in TRN and vFTP. Thus, systems producing atonia are colocalized with those producing locomotion. We hypothesize that the midbrain atonia regions control more caudal regions producing muscle tone suppression in REM sleep, and that the locomotor and atonia eliciting regions are normally coactivated during REM sleep.
EFFECT OF WETTABILITY ON THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF CARBONATE ROCK FROM A PETROLEUM RESERVOIR (1960)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTEFFECT OF WETTABILITY ON THE ELECTRICAL RESISTIVITY OF CARBONATE ROCK FROM A PETROLEUM RESERVOIRS. A. Sweeney and H. Y. Jennings Jr.Cite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1960, 64, 5, 551–553Publication Date (Print):May 1, 1960Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 May 1960https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/j100834a009https://doi.org/10.1021/j100834a009research-articleACS PublicationsRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views448Altmetric-Citations48LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access options Get e-Alerts
BPSK homodyne detection experiment using balanced optical phase-locked loop with quantized feedback (1990)

It is demonstrated that quantized feedback can effectively cancel the data-to-phase-lock crosstalk in a balanced optical phase-locked loop for homodyne detection of pilot-carrier BPSK. Using external-cavity semiconductor laser in a 50-MBit/s system, quantized feedback allows a 2/sup 15/-1 PRBS to be detected without penalty from crosstalk, and with only a 0.5-dB penalty for pilot carrier transmission. Without quantized feedback the modulation angle must be reduced substantially, and the authors observe a 2.0-dB crosstalk penalty in addition to the carrier-transmission penalty of 5.2 dB. The results imply a 30-to-50-fold increase in the ratio of linewidth to bit rate than can be used with the balanced loop, which has a structure much simpler than the decision-directed or Costas loops.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Micro-fabrication of an absolute flow calorimeter for DC to RF power measurement (2013)

Micro-fabricated calorimeters have been extensively used for determination of thermo chemical values and reaction kinetic studies. However, micro-fabricated calorimeters as power sensors have been mostly unexplored. In this context, miniaturization of an absolute flow calorimeter capable of measuring DC to RF power is proposed. In this paper, a micro-fabricated flow calorimeter is demonstrated and several initial test results, such as DC power measurement and the impact of flow rate on heat transferring, are reported. The obtained results will play an important role in performing RF power measurements in the future.
Mice deficient in tissue factor demonstrate attenuated intimal hyperplasia in response to vascular injury and decreased smooth muscle cell migration (2004)

Tissue factor (TF) is the primary initiator of the coagulation cascade and is thought to play a key role in the generation of arterial thrombosis. Recent studies have suggested that TF mediates inflammatory processes in the arterial wall and may be an important regulator of intimal hyperplasia. We have employed genetically engineered mice (mTF(-/-) /hTF(+)) with markedly diminished TF activity ( approximately 1% normal levels) o examine the role of TF in mediating the response to arterial injury. mTF(-/-)/hTF(+) displayed a marked reduction in intimal hyperplasia (46% decrease in intimal area, 60% decrease in intimal/medial ratio) in response to femoral artery injury when compared to wild type controls. The decreased intimal hyperplasia seen in low TF mice was noted in a model of vascular injury not associated with significant thrombosis, suggesting that it may be mediated by non-procoagulant properties of TF. Smooth muscle cells from mTF(-/-)/hTF(+) mice grew normally in response to serum, but exhibited a marked defect in cell migration in a modified Boyden chamber assay. In contrast, there was no difference in platelet derived growth factor- induced migration, suggesting that the effect of TF on smooth muscle cell migration is agonist dependent. These data suggest that TF may mediate intimal hyperplasia by regulating smooth muscle cell migration.
Gambogic Acid Inhibits STAT3 Phosphorylation through Activation of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase SHP-1: Potential Role in Proliferation and Apoptosis (2011)

The transcription factor, STAT3, is associated with proliferation, survival, and metastasis of cancer cells. We investigated whether gambogic acid (GA), a xanthone derived from the resin of traditional Chinese medicine, Garcinia hanburyi (mangosteen), can regulate the STAT3 pathway, leading to suppression of growth and sensitization of cancer cells. We found that GA induced apoptosis in human multiple myeloma cells that correlated with the inhibition of both constitutive and inducible STAT3 activation. STAT3 phosphorylation at both tyrosine residue 705 and serine residue 727 was inhibited by GA. STAT3 suppression was mediated through the inhibition of activation of the protein tyrosine kinases Janus-activated kinase 1 (JAK1) and JAK2. Treatment with the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) inhibitor pervanadate reversed the GA-induced downregulation of STAT3, suggesting the involvement of a PTP. We also found that GA induced the expression of the PTP SHP-1. Deletion of the SHP-1 gene by siRNA suppressed the ability of GA to inhibit STAT3 activation and to induce apoptosis, suggesting the critical role of SHP-1 in its action. Moreover, GA downregulated the expression of STAT3-regulated antiapoptotic (Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, and Mcl-1), proliferative (cyclin D1), and angiogenic (VEGF) proteins, and this correlated with suppression of proliferation and induction of apoptosis. Overall, these results suggest that GA blocks STAT3 activation, leading to suppression of tumor cell proliferation and induction of apoptosis.
Congestion control in asynchronous, high-speed wormhole routing networks (1996)

High-speed networks use lightweight protocols and a simple switch architecture for achieving higher speeds. A lightweight switching technique for local area and campus environments is wormhole routing, in which the head of a packet (worm), upon arriving at an intermediate switch, is immediately forwarded to the next switch on the path. Thus, the packet, like a worm, may stretch across several intermediate switches and links. Wormhole routing networks provide low latency. However, they are particularly prone to congestion, thus requiring careful flow control. The authors consider high-speed, asynchronous, unslotted wormhole routing networks. For such networks, two different flow control mechanisms are compared and contrasted, namely, backpressure flow control and deflection routing (with local input rate control). With backpressure, in order to maintain deadlock-free routing, either up/down routing or shortest path routing with virtual channels is assumed. With deflection routing, to avoid livelocks, worm alignment (delayed deflection) is performed at the switches. It is shown via simulation that the throughput performance of the two schemes is comparable (except for up/down routing). The authors also discuss the tradeoffs with respect to the complexity of hardware, routing protocols and buffer requirements. The authors further examine the role of input rate control at the hosts to overcome unbounded delays typical of deflection routing, and show it is possible to achieve lower average number of hops and transit delays by employing suitable input rate control policies.
Thermophoretic Particle Separation (2006)

We present a study of thermophoretic particle separation on micro scale. Thermophoresis is the migration of particles or species in thermal gradients. A thermal gradient of 2·10 4 K/m is set up in the microchannel. Laser Induced Fluorescence is used to determine the thermal gradient, by use of temperature sensitive Rhodamine dye. Micro Particle Image Velocimetry is used to determine the position and displacement of the particles. A measurement of the temperature from the Brownian motion of the 490 nm particles has been made with an accuracy of 1 K. In this paper we will show polystyrene particle separation in micro channels. Separation of particles can be achieved in 100 seconds with an efficiency of 83%.
Pressure-distribution measurements on O-2H airplane in flight (1937)

Results are given of pressure-distribution measurements made over two different horizontal tail surfaces and the right wing cellule, including the slipstream area, of an observation-type biplane. Measurements were also taken of air speed, control-surface positions, control-stick forces, angular velocities, and accelerations during various abrupt maneuvers. These maneuvers consisted of push-downs and pull-ups from level flight, dive pull-outs, and aileron rolls with various thrust conditions. The results from the pressure-distribution measurements over the wing cellule are given on charts showing the variation of individual rib coefficients with wing coefficients; the data from the tail-surface pressure-distribution measurements are given mainly as total loads and moments. These data are supplemented by time histories of the measured quantities and isometric views of the rib pressure distributions occurring in abrupt maneuvers.
Spatial filtering method for fringe patterns based on gray gradient (2006)

Traditional spatial filtering methods such as median filtering and mean filtering are widely used to remove additive noise in images. Images smoothed using these methods are inevitably blurred. If images are fringe patterns and filtering mask used is in fixed shape, such as a rectangle of <i>m</i>x<i>n</i> pixels, the structures of the pattern processed may be even deformed. To resolve this problem, a filtering method with varying mask based on gray gradient is proposed. This method makes full use of the feature of fringe patterns in that the gradient of gray level at a pixel is normal to the tangential direction of the fringe there. According to the method, gradient vector at a pixel is calculated first, and then the shape of the filtering mask to be used is determined based on the gradient vector. If its amplitude is smaller than a predefined value, a <i>n</i>x<i>n</i> square mask is used, on the other hand, if its amplitude is larger than the predefined value, a bar mask normal to the vector is used. Finally, the median value or mean value of the pixels in the mask is then achieved as the smoothed value of the pixel. After the same operations are applied to all pixels in the pattern sequentially, the smoothed version of the fringe pattern is achieved. A simulated fringe pattern with noise is smoothed using this method and other filtering methods for comparison, and the result shows that noise in the fringe pattern can be effectively removed and the characteristic details of the fringes can be reserved at the same time.
Amino acid transporter SLC6A14 is a novel and effective drug target for pancreatic cancer (2016)

The salient features of this study are that SLC6A14 is markedly up-regulated in pancreatic cancer and that pharmacological blockade of this transporter interferes with amino acid nutrition and reduces growth and proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells. These findings identify SLC6A14 as a novel druggable target for pancreatic cancer.
The vegetable proteins (1909)

IN 1747 Beccari (26) published in the Proceedings of the Bologna Academy an account of his experiments with wheat flour, in which he described the separation of the flour into two parts, one of which, he says, was similar to "those things-that are extracted from vegetable substances," and " the other was such that it did not seem possible to extract it except from animal matter ".He states that he had already communicated this fact to the Academy in 1728, but this communication appears to have never been published.After giving a detailed description of the method by which he obtained this peculiar substance, which we now know as wheat gluten, he describes at length the experiments by which he compared its properties with products of animal origin and contrasted its behaviour with that of other known substances of vegetable origin.In making these comparisons he used destructive distillation and pointed out that the distillates from vegetable materials were acid, while those from the wheat gluten were alkaline like the distillates from animal substances^ A comparison was also made between the products of putrefaction of gluten with those yielded by animal and vegetable matter under similar conditions.Attempts to obtain a product like gluten from beans, barley and other seeds failed, and wheat appeared to be the only plant whose seeds contained anything resembling substances of animal origin.Kessel-Meyer (187) in 1759 was the next to call attention to gluten, and gave a brief description of its preparation and of experiments to determine the action of various solvents upon it.Rouelle (440) in 1773 announced that the glutinous matter, which up to that time was known to exist only in the seeds of wheat, was present also in other parts of various plants.This he considered to be the nutritive substance from which the caseous part of milk was derived.He stated that it was insoluble in water and gave rise to the same products as the gluten of flour, and also that it can be changed into a body having the same odour as cheese, as Kessel-Meyer had found to be the case with wheat gluten. 1
The Eötvös balance (1921)

There is one instrument of use in the study of terrestrial gravity which has not yet been employed in the western hemisphere, though it has to a limited extent in Europe. This instrument is the Eötvös balance. It should be tried, I believe, in making the proposed minute investigation of gravity in a level region of limited extent. To judge by accounts of work done with the balance in Europe it would certainly supplement the pendulum advantageously in the proposed gravity survey and might largely supersede it. This does not by any means signify, however, that the balance is always and everywhere a substitute for the pendulum. This is not the occasion for an exposition of the principles of the instrument, but it may be said that the Eötvös balance connects the results at adjacent points in a limited region with one another in a way that the pendulum cannot well do.
Design and Construction of the World’s First Full-Scale Electrically Conductive Concrete Heated Airport Pavement System at a U.S. Airport (2018)

Airport agencies spend millions of dollars to remove ice and snow from airport pavement surfaces to achieve accessible, safe, and sustainable operations during the winter. Electrically conductive concrete (ECON) based heated pavement system (HPS) has gained attention as a promising alternative technology for preventing snow and ice accumulation by maintaining pavement surface temperatures above the freezing point. The objective of this study was to demonstrate the world’s first full-scale ECON-based HPS at a U.S. airport. Two ECON slabs were designed and constructed in the General Aviation (GA) apron at the Des Moines International Airport (DSM), Iowa in 2016. Systematic design components were identified, and construction procedures were developed and implemented for ECON-based HPS. Using collected sensor data, the performance of the constructed and remotely-operated ECON slabs was evaluated under real weather conditions at DSM in the 2016–2017 winter season. The results demonstrate that ECON-based HPS have promising deicing and anti-icing capacities, promising to provide uniform heat distribution and prevent snow and ice accumulations on the entire area of application under various winter weather conditions, including extreme cold weather (i.e., arctic blasts).
Biomaterial‐induced alterations of neutrophil superoxide production (1992)

Because periprosthetic infection remains a vexing problem for patients receiving implanted devices, we evaluated the effect of several materials on neutrophil free radical production. Human peripheral blood neutrophils were incubated with several sterile, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-free biomaterials used in surgically implantable prosthetic devices: polyurethane, woven dacron, and velcro. Free radical formation as the superoxide (O2-) anion was evaluated by cytochrome c reduction in neutrophils that were exposed to the materials and then removed and in neutrophils allowed to remain in association with the materials. Neutrophils exposed to polyurethane or woven dacron for 30 or 60 min and then removed consistently exhibited an enhanced release of O2- after simulation via receptor engagement with formyl methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. Enhanced reactivity to stimulation via protein kinase C with phorbol myristate acetate, however, was not consistently observed. The cells evaluated for O2- release during continuous association with the biomaterials showed enhanced metabolic activity during short periods of association (especially with polyurethane and woven dacron). Although O2- release by neutrophils in association with these materials decreased with longer periods of incubation, it was not obliterated. These studies, therefore, show that several commonly used biomaterials activate neutrophils soon after exposure and that this activated state diminishes with prolonged exposure but nevertheless remains measurable. The diminishing level of activity with prolonged exposure, however, suggests that ultimately a depletion of reactivity may occur and may result in increased susceptibility to periprosthetic infection.
Biometric Template Protection: Bridging the performance gap between theory and practice (2015)

Biometric recognition is an integral component of modern identity management and access control systems. Due to the strong and permanent link between individuals and their biometric traits, exposure of enrolled users' biometric information to adversaries can seriously compromise biometric system security and user privacy. Numerous techniques have been proposed for biometric template protection over the last 20 years. While these techniques are theoretically sound, they seldom guarantee the desired noninvertibility, revocability, and nonlinkability properties without significantly degrading the recognition performance. The objective of this work is to analyze the factors contributing to this performance divide and highlight promising research directions to bridge this gap. The design of invariant biometric representations remains a fundamental problem, despite recent attempts to address this issue through feature adaptation schemes. The difficulty in estimating the statistical distribution of biometric features not only hinders the development of better template protection algorithms but also diminishes the ability to quantify the noninvertibility and nonlinkability of existing algorithms. Finally, achieving nonlinkability without the use of external secrets (e.g., passwords) continues to be a challenging proposition. Further research on the above issues is required to cross the chasm between theory and practice in biometric template protection.
Integrated GPS/INS Navigation System Based on a Gyroscope-Free IMU (2006)

This paper analyses the performance of a low cost INS, based on a gyro-free IMU that only uses multiples accelerometers and is aided by a GPS receiver. The IMU is composed by a specific array of accelerometers such that linear and angular accelerations can be computed. The GPS/INS loosely integration approach is implemented by a Kalman filter. The performance of the integrated system is assessed by using computer simulation.
New void-and-cluster method for improved halftone uniformity (1999)

The <i>Journal of Electronic Imaging</i> (JEI), copublished bimonthly with the Society for Imaging Science and Technology, publishes peer-reviewed papers that cover research and applications in all areas of electronic imaging science and technology.