gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Molecular weight and solution viscosity characterization of PVC (1993)

Abstract As a means of developing the most accurate possible Mark‐Houwink relationship possible for PVC, the literature Mark‐Houwink coefficients for the weight average molecular weight ( M W ) of PVC in THF are plotted and the derived “grand average” Mark‐Houwink relationship ( K = 15.56 × 10 −3 ml/g, a = 0.7690) is shown. High pressure‐size exclusion chromatography (HP‐SEC) data from two independent laboratories was used along with the “grand average” Mark‐Houwink coefficients to calculate absolute number of average molecular weight ( M N ) and weight average molecular weight values for PVC. An easy‐to‐use table has been developed to detail the relationships between M N , M W , K value, and inherent viscosity (I. V.).
Protein oxidation in response to increased transcriptional or translational errors (2000)

In this study, we show a correlation between synthesis of aberrant proteins and their oxidative modification. The level of aberrant proteins was elevated in Escherichia coli cultures by decreasing transcriptional or translational fidelity using specific mutations or drugs. Protein carbonylation, an oxidative modification, increased in parallel to the induction of the heat shock chaperone GroEL. As the protein turnover rates and level of intracellular oxidative stress remained unchanged, it appears that carbonylation results from the increased susceptibility of the misfolded proteins. These studies show that the cellular protein oxidation is not limited only by available reactive oxygen species, but by the levels of aberrant proteins. Thus, protein oxidation seen in aging cells may be the consequence also of reduced transcriptional/translational fidelity, and protein structures appear to have evolved to minimize oxidative damage. In addition, we discuss the possibility that carbonylation, being an unrepairable protein modification, may serve as a tagging system to shunt misfolded proteins between pathways of refolding by chaperones or the proteolytic apparatus.
HIV-1 Populations in Semen Arise through Multiple Mechanisms (2010)

HIV-1 is present in anatomical compartments and bodily fluids. Most transmissions occur through sexual acts, making virus in semen the proximal source in male donors. We find three distinct relationships in comparing viral RNA populations between blood and semen in men with chronic HIV-1 infection, and we propose that the viral populations in semen arise by multiple mechanisms including: direct import of virus, oligoclonal amplification within the seminal tract, or compartmentalization. In addition, we find significant enrichment of six out of nineteen cytokines and chemokines in semen of both HIV-infected and uninfected men, and another seven further enriched in infected individuals. The enrichment of cytokines involved in innate immunity in the seminal tract, complemented with chemokines in infected men, creates an environment conducive to T cell activation and viral replication. These studies define different relationships between virus in blood and semen that can significantly alter the composition of the viral population at the source that is most proximal to the transmitted virus.
Adsorption of cellulase from <i>Trichoderma reesei</i> on cellulose and lignacious residue in wood pretreated by dilute sulfuric acid with explosive decompression (1990)

The adsorption of cellulase on cellulose and a lignacious residue was examined by using cellulase from Trichoderma reesei, hardwood pretreated by dilute sulfuric acid under high pressure, and a lignacious residue prepared by a complete enzymatic hydrolysis of the pretreated wood. A significant amount of cellulase was found to adsorb on the lignacious residue during the hydrolysis of the pretreated wood. Hence, the adsorption of enzyme on the lignacious residue as well as cellulose must be taken into account in the development of the hydrolysis kinetics. It was found that the adsorption of enzyme on cellulose and on the lignacious residue could be represented by Langmuir type isotherms. The data show that the pretreatment at a higher temperature results in more enzyme adsorption on the cellulose fraction and less on the lignacious residue fraction. The relationship between the hydrolysis rate and the amount of enzyme adsorbed is discussed.
2-D stability test via 1-D stability robustness analysis (1988)

A new two-dimensional stability test is proposed, based on the stability robustness analysis of a relevant 1-D system family. A linear algebra type algorithm for numerical implementation of the test is also described. Two examples then follow, to illustrate the use of the algorithm and the feasibility of the proposed test.
Charging, long-term-stability, and TSC-measurements of SiO/sub 2/-electrets (2003)

SiO/sub 2/ layers of different thicknesses were either thermally grown or made by chemical vapor deposition on 2-in, p-type silicon wafers. The samples were positively and negatively charged by means of liquid-contact, corona, and electron-beam methods. The surface potential decay was observed at room temperature over a period of more than one year. The positively charge SiO/sub 2/ showed a somewhat faster decay than the negatively charged material. This corresponded to open-circuit thermally stimulated current measurements, where negatively charge samples showed a higher peak temperature than positively charged samples. Positive electron-beam charging yielded a higher peak temperature than positive corona charging. Activation energies of 1.0 eV and 1.4 eV were found for positively charged oxides, whereas for negatively charged samples activation energies of about 1.9 eV were calculated.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Human, Model and Machine (2014)

In this paper, we describe a framework for processing big data that maximizing the efficiency of human data scientists by having them primarily operate over information that is best structured to human processing demands. We accomplish this through the use of cognitive models as an intermediary between machine learning algorithms and human data scientists. The ACT-R cognitive architecture is a computational implementation of a unified theory of cognition. ACT-R cognitive models can take weakly structured data and learn to filter information and make accurate inferences orders of magnitude faster than machine learning, and then present these well-structured inferences to human data scientists. The role for human data scientists is both oversight and feedback; one complementary piece of a hierarchy of cognitive and machine learning techniques that are computationally appropriate for their level of information complexity.
Chemical modification of hemp, sisal, jute, and kapok fibers by alkalization (2002)

Abstract Plant fibers are rich in cellulose and they are a cheap, easily renewable source of fibers with the potential for polymer reinforcement. The presence of surface impurities and the large amount of hydroxyl groups make plant fibers less attractive for reinforcement of polymeric materials. Hemp, sisal, jute, and kapok fibers were subjected to alkalization by using sodium hydroxide. The thermal characteristics, crystallinity index, reactivity, and surface morphology of untreated and chemically modified fibers have been studied using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X‐ray diffraction (WAXRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Following alkalization the DSC showed a rapid degradation of the cellulose between 0.8 and 8% NaOH, beyond which degradation was found to be marginal. There was a marginal drop in the crystallinity index of hemp fiber while sisal, jute, and kapok fibers showed a slight increase in crystallinity at caustic soda concentration of 0.8–30%. FTIR showed that kapok fiber was found to be the most reactive followed by jute, sisal, and then hemp fiber. SEM showed a relatively smooth surface for all the untreated fibers; however, after alkalization, all the fibers showed uneven surfaces. These results show that alkalization modifies plant fibers promoting the development of fiber–resin adhesion, which then will result in increased interfacial energy and, hence, improvement in the mechanical and thermal stability of the composites. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 84: 2222–2234, 2002
Isolation and characterization of an <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> cDNA encoding a Δ<sup>7</sup>‐sterol‐C‐5‐desaturase by functional complementation of a defective yeast mutant (1996)

A yeast null mutant (erg 3) defective in ERG 3, the gene encoding the C-5 sterol desaturase required for ergosterol synthesis was transformed with an Arabidopsis thaliana cDNA library inserted in a yeast vector. Transformants (4 x 10(5)) were screened for cycloheximide (CH) resistance and 400 possible clones were analyzed to determine their sterol profile. Low levels of ergosterol in addition to delta 7- and delta 8-sterols normally present in erg3 were isolated in three yeast transformants. Characterization of one transformant indicated a cDNA of 1141 bp. Transformation of an erg 3 strain with this plasmid led to CH resistance, nystatin sensitivity and an ergosterol profile. After subcloning in a pBluescript vector and subsequent sequencing, an ORF of 843 bp encoding a possible 281 amino acid polypeptide was deduced. Three histidine-rich motifs (HX3H, HX2HH and HX2HH) were found in the A. thaliana ORF which are also present in the yeast ERG 3 gene. These histidine-rich motifs are also characteristic of many membrane-bound fatty acid desaturases from higher plants. These data strongly suggest that the A. thaliana cDNA encodes a delta 7-sterol-C-5-desaturase.
Strategies for PDE performance optimization (1997)

The Pulsed Detonation Engine (PDE) concept is systematically analyzed with respect to design variations and the potential performance is measured from Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. Single-pulse computations are performed first while some of the geometrical parameters are varied. These show that the presence of a nozzle can greatly affect the performance of the PDE by increasing thrust delivery during the ignition phase. It is further shown that it is not necessary to fill the entire tube with a fuel-air mixture and that significant gains in specific impulse can be obtained by appropriate fueling strategies. Multi-cycle computations are performed next, and the effect of cycling parameters is studied. We show that the cycling frequency can be significantly increased by selecting the pressure parameters and the extent of refueling. We also show that multi-cycle performance can be very different from the single-pulse estimates, and that it is not possible to optimize separately the ignition phase from the injection phase. Finally, the question of open-end initiation is examined and a comparison with 2D is performed.
Molecular Analysis of the <i>anthocyanin2</i> Gene of Petunia and Its Role in the Evolution of Flower Color (1999)

The shape and color of flowers are important for plant reproduction because they attract pollinators such as insects and birds. Therefore, it is thought that alterations in these traits may result in the attraction of different pollinators, genetic isolation, and ultimately, (sympatric) speciation. Petunia integrifolia and P. axillaris bear flowers with different shapes and colors that appear to be visited by different insects. The anthocyanin2 (an2) locus, a regulator of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, is the main determinant of color differences. Here, we report an analysis of molecular events at the an2 locus that occur during Petunia spp evolution. We isolated an2 by transposon tagging and found that it encodes a MYB domain protein, indicating that it is a transcription factor. Analysis of P. axillaris subspecies with white flowers showed that they contain an2(-) alleles with two alternative frameshifts at one site, apparently caused by the insertion and subsequent excision of a transposon. A third an2(-) allele has a nonsense mutation elsewhere, indicating that it arose independently. The distribution of polymorphisms in an2(-) alleles suggests that the loss of an2 function and the consequent changes in floral color were not the primary cause for genetic separation of P. integrifolia and P. axillaris. Rather, they were events that occurred late in the speciation process, possibly to reinforce genetic isolation and complete speciation.
Numerical and Experimental Analysis of a Novel Wave Energy Converter (2010)

A novel point absorber wave energy converter (WEC) is being developed by Columbia Power Technologies, LLC (CPT). Numerical and physical experiments have been performed by Columbia Power, Garrad Hassan and Partners (GH) and Oregon State University (OSU). Three hydrodynamic modeling tools including WAMIT, GH WaveFarmer, and OrcaFlex are used to evaluate the performance of the WEC. GH WaveFarmer is a specialized numerical code being developed specifically for the wave energy industry. Performance and mooring estimates at full scale were initially evaluated and optimized, which were then followed by the development of a 1/33rd scale physical model to obtain comparable datasets, aiming to validate the predictions and reduce the uncertainty associated with other numerical model results. The tests of the 1/33rd scale model of the CPT WEC were recently carried out at the multi-directional wave basin of the O.H. Hinsdale Wave Research Laboratory (HWRL), in conjunction with the Northwest National Marine Renewable Energy Center (NNMREC) at OSU. This paper presents details of the modeling program and progress to date. Emphasis is given to the coupling of WAMIT with GH WaveFarmer for performance estimates and the coupling of WAMIT with the OrcaFlex model for mooring load estimates. An overview of the novel 3-body WEC, including operation and mooring system, is also presented. The 1/33rd scale model functionality is described including an overview of the experimental setup at the basin. Comparisons between the numerical and experimental results are shown for both regular and irregular waves and for several wave headings and dominant directions using a number of spreading functions. The paper concludes with an overview of the next steps for the modeling program and future experimental test plans.
Neuro-Fuzzy System for Intelligent Course Control of Underactuated Conventional Ships (2007)

In general, conventional ships have mono-variable autopilot, which controls the heading of the ship affected by perturbations, in course-keeping or course-changing maneuvers. It takes into account only the yaw angle and ignores the roll movements. Intelligent control systems can be designed, considering the ship as 2 DOF underactuated system, with yaw angle and roll angle as outputs, and rudder as control input. A neuro-fuzzy system is proposed, which modifies the autopilot commands, so that roll damping effects and heading performance to be obtained simultaneously, with small rudder angle and rudder rate values. The system can be used with any conventional autopilot with slow steering machine.
Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of citrate ion adsorbed on colloidal silver: erratum (1980)

Get PDF Email Share Share with Facebook Tweet This Post on reddit Share with LinkedIn Add to CiteULike Add to Mendeley Add to BibSonomy Get Citation Copy Citation Text Milton Kerker, O. Siiman, L. A. Bumm, and Dau-Sing Wang, "Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) of citrate ion adsorbed on colloidal silver: erratum," Appl. Opt. 19, 4137-4137 (1980) Export Citation BibTex Endnote (RIS) HTML Plain Text Citation alert Save article
Novel transcription factor <i>Satb2</i> interacts with matrix attachment region DNA elements in a tissue‐specific manner and demonstrates cell‐type‐dependent expression in the developing mouse CNS (2005)

Satb1 is a first cell-type-specific transcription factor of a novel type that functions as a regulator of the transcription of large chromatin domains. We identified a close homologue of Satb1, Satb2, in a cDNA subtraction screening in a search for genes controlling neural differentiation. Satb2 showed 61% amino-acid homology to Satb1. Satb2 and Satb1 expression was detected in different cell subpopulations of developing mouse CNS in a mutually exclusive manner. In the electrophoretic mobility shift assay we demonstrate that nuclear extracts from the embryonic day 18.5 mouse developing neocortex, in contrast to basal ganglia, contain a protein complex interacting with matrix attachment region DNA elements (MARs) with high affinity. Endogenous Satb2 protein is a part of this complex. In the developing neocortex Satb2 was detected largely in the superficial layers. In the developing spinal cord Satb2 expression marks a subpopulation of Lbx1-positive neurons dorsally and a subgroup of Isl1-positive neurons ventrally. In the Lbx1 mutants Satb2 expression is greatly reduced. We suggest that Satb2 may regulate differentiation of subsets of neurons at the level of higher order chromatin structure via binding to MARs.
Inhibition of Insulin-like Growth Factor-I-mediated Cell Signaling by the von Hippel-Lindau Gene Product in Renal Cancer (2000)

Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I)-mediated signaling is thought to be involved in the regulation of multiple cellular functions in different tumors including renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Blocking IGF-I signaling by any of the several strategies abolishes or delays the progression of a variety of tumors in animal models. Herein, we demonstrate that in RCC cell lines, IGF-I-mediated signaling is found to be inhibited in the presence of wild type von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) tumor suppresser gene. Moreover, molecular modeling and biochemical approaches have revealed that beta-domain of the VHL gene product by interacting directly with protein kinase Cdelta inhibits its association with IGF-IR for downstream signaling. We also demonstrated that RCC has IGF-I-mediated invasive activity where protein kinase Cdelta is an important downstream molecule, and this invasiveness can be blocked by wild type VHL. These experiments thus elucidate a novel tumor suppresser function of VHL with its unique kinase inhibitory domain.
Epidemiological and virological features of epidemic keratoconjunctivitis due to new human adenovirus type 54 in Japan (2010)

EKC due to HAdV-54 can result in epidemics; therefore, it should be accurately diagnosed and monitored as an emerging infection worldwide.
Time-domain distributed sensor with 1 cm spatial resolution based on Brillouin dynamic gratings (2009)

We propose and experimentally demonstrate the highest-resolution BOTDA system ever reported using Brillouin dynamic grating in a polarization-maintaining fiber (PMF). Acoustic waves containing the information of local Brillouin frequency are generated by a long pump pulse in one polarization, and read out by a short probe pulse in the orthogonal polarization at a clearly distinct optical frequency from the pump. In the experiment, a distributed strain measurement with 1 cm spatial resolution is performed over a 20 m fiber.
Development of a multichannel fiber-to-fiber optical connector for the D0 upgrade tracker (1996)

A tracking detector using scintillating fibers is being developed for the D0 collaboration at Fermilab. The scintillating fibers will be coupled to clear fibers that will transport light to the photodetectors. We have developed connectors which couple the two types of fibers. The first 128-channel prototypes were machined using Delrin plastic to have v-shaped grooves. Fibers were glued into the grooves and their ends were finished with diamond fly-cut tools. Mating connectors were optically coupled by optical grease. Using a green light-emitting diode and a silicon photodiode, we measured average light transmission between 97% and 99%. Later versions of the v-groove connectors were made of acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene plastic by injection molding.
Inhibition of Chemical Carcinogenesis (1995)

More than 1500 naturally occurring and synthetic chemicals have been tested for inhibition of chemically induced carcinogenesis in experimental models (1,2). Among the chemicals tested, representatives of numerous structural and biological activity classes have been found to be inhibitors. Examples of structural classes of inhibitors are arylalkyl isothiocyanates, cinnamyl compounds, flavonoids, glucarates, indoles, polyphenols, retinoids and carotenoids, and thiols and sulfides. Biological activity classes include antihormones, anti-inflammatory agents, antioxidants, arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism inhibitors, glutathione (GSH) inducers, ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) inhibitors, and protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitors. These chemicals and their likely mechanisms of activity are the subject of this chapter. Although the experimental systems used to evaluate inhibitory activity include various cell cultures and carcinogenesisrelated endpoints (e.g., mutagenicity, precancerous lesions, DNA binding, enzyme activities) other than the definitive appearance of tumors, much research on inhibition of chemical carcinogenesis is indeed carried out in animal models with tumors as the endpoints; this review concentrates on the results of these studies in animals.
Reduction of aliasing ambiguities through phase relations (1992)

A method for digital determination of a single frequency from a sine wave sampled at less than the Nyquist rate is discussed. The method makes use of phase shift information to eliminate the aliasing ambiguity. Multiple sampled data are required to eliminate ambiguity completely. Computer modeling using simulated data corrupted by uncorrelated Gaussian noise was used to verify the approach. The results demonstrate that the frequency of an input sine wave can be correctly identified. This approach can be applied to electronic warfare (EW) receivers to increase their input bandwidth.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Embedded Processor Based Built-In Self-Test and Diagnosis of Logic and Memory Resources in FPGAs. (2006)

Abstract – We present an embedded processor based approach for Built-In Self-Test (BIST) and diagnosis of programmable logic and memory resources in Field Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs). The resources under test include the programmable logic blocks (PLBs), large random access memories (RAMs), and digital signal processors (DSPs) in all of their modes of operation. The approach is applicable to any FPGA that supports dynamic partial reconfiguration via an embedded processor core. As a case study, we present the application to test and diagnose logic and memory resources in the Xilinx Virtex-4 series FPGA. We also exploit architectural features to enhance dynamic partial reconfiguration for BIST to reduce the amount of program memory storage for the embedded processor core as well as the total time required for BIST. 1 1.
Comparative Study on Tetrahedral and Tripodal Luminescent Silane and Methane Compounds with a 2,2‘-Dipyridylamino Group (2004)

A comparative study on methane and silane derivatives that contain either one or four 2,2‘-dipyridylamino group (dpa) functionalized groups has been carried out. Six new compounds, (p-dpa-phenyl)triphenylsilane (1), (p-dpa-phenyl)triphenylmethane (2), tetra(p-dpa-phenyl)silane (3), tetra(p-dpa-phenyl)methane (4), tetra(p-dpa-biphenyl)silane (5), and tetra(p-dpa-biphenyl)methane (6), have been synthesized using Suzuki coupling, Ullmann condensation methods, or simple substitution reactions. The structures of 3 and 4 have been determined by X-ray diffraction analyses. Thermal and luminescent properties have been investigated, which revealed that these new compounds are luminescent in the violet−blue region and the methane derivatives in general have a higher thermal stability than the corresponding silane analogues. The electronic properties of the new compounds were investigated experimentally and theoretically by molecular orbital calculations, which revealed that there is a subtle difference between the methane derivatives and their silane analogues.