gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
International Journal of Environment: A Scientific Journal Increasing Strength To Strength (2015)

Not available. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v4i1.12173 International Journal of Environment Volume-4, Issue-1, Dec-Feb 2014/15, Page: I-II
Dual-band infrared computed tomography for quantifying aircaft corrosion damage (1997)

No abstract available.
Spinodal Decomposition of Blends of Semiconducting and Ferroelectric Polymers (2011)

Abstract The operation of resistive switches based on phase‐separated blends of organic ferroelectrics and semiconductors depends significantly on the microstructure of such systems. A wide range of analysis techniques are used to characterize spin‐coated films of the ferroelectric random copolymer poly(vinylidene fluoride‐trifluoroethylene) [P(VDF‐TrFE)], and the semiconducting polymer, regio‐irregular poly(3‐hexylthiophene) (rir‐P3HT). The blend separates into amorphous rir‐P3HT domains embedded in a crystalline P(VDF‐TrFE) matrix. The rir‐P3HT domains are continuous throughout the film, from the substrate/blend interface to the blend/air interface. We also investigate the rir‐P3HT domain size and number as a function of composition and find – unexpectedly – a rather mono‐disperse domain size distribution for a given rir‐P3HT:P(VDF‐TrFE) ratio. The domain size increases with rir‐P3HT content, indicating that the solidification is not dominated by nucleation processes. Spinodal decomposition is therefore more likely to be responsible for the microstructure induced in the rir‐P3HT:P(VDF‐TrFE) blends. Since spinodal decomposition occurs spontaneously without the presence of a nucleation step, this can facilitate processing considerably, since the intricate control of nucleation processes (homogenous or heterogenous) is rendered unnecessary. Measurement of the lateral conductivity of the blends demonstrates that the rir‐P3HT domains are electrically not connected, supporting the microstructural evidence. A perpendicular current through the film is measured using both Au and Ag electrodes as a function of blend composition. A model was used to interpret the electrical transport. The injection for Ag diodes poled into the ON‐state preferentially occurs at the circumference of the rir‐P3HT domains. An accumulation width over which the injection occurs is estimated to be of the order of a few hundred nm.
Palladium-Catalyzed Intramolecular Arylation of N-Benzyl-2-iodoimidazoles: A Facile and Rapid Access to 5H-Imidazo[2,1-a]isoindoles (2007)

International audience
Preparation and Diels−Alder Cycloaddition of 2-Acyloxyacroleins. Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Taxol A-Ring Synthons (1996)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTPreparation and Diels−Alder Cycloaddition of 2-Acyloxyacroleins. Facile Synthesis of Functionalized Taxol A-Ring SynthonsRaymond L. Funk and Kenneth J. YostView Author Information Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802Cite this: J. Org. Chem. 1996, 61, 8, 2598–2599Publication Date (Web):April 19, 1996Publication History Received20 February 1996Published online19 April 1996Published inissue 1 January 1996https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/jo960340whttps://doi.org/10.1021/jo960340wrapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1996 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1253Altmetric-Citations34LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Addition reactions,Aldehydes,Cyclization,Functionalization,Organic synthesis Get e-Alerts
Nanostructured supramolecular arrays based on dendrimers using DNA: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation. (2005)

This dissertation describes a series of experiments that synthesize and characterize a new type of supramolecular array. These molecules are based on dendrimers linked together with complementary DNA oligonucleotides. The arrays have a good range of applications including cancer cell specific drug targeting. Three specific studies were designed to test the hypothesis that complementary DNA oligonucleotides would self-assemble different single-functional dendrimers to form functional supramolecular clusters. First, in order to produce a library of functionalized dendrimers, generation 5 polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers were first partially acetylated, then conjugated with either imaging agents (fluorochromes; FITC, 6-TAMRA, and AF488) or targeting molecules (folic acid). The molecular characteristics of each functionalized dendrimers were characterized by UV-Vis, NMR, GPC, HPLC, and MALDI-TOF MS to ascertain their molar extinction, degree of functionalization, molecular weight and molecular weight distribution. Secondly, a synthetic method to covalently attach DNA oligonucleotides to the partially acetylated dendrimers was developed based on phosphoramidate chemistry. This chemistry was then applied to attach three sets of complementary oligonucleotides of different lengths (34, 50, 66 bases-long) to partially acetylated generation 7 and 5 PAMAM dendrimers. The size and the shape of the DNA-linked nanostructure were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Finally, we extended our strategy of DNA-based assembly to the construction of dimers of different single-functionalized dendrimers designed for cancer cell specific targeting. Three different batches of DNA-linked dendrimers consisting of imaging dendrimers (G5-FITC, G5-6-TAMRA, or G5-AF488) coupled to targeting dendrimer (G5-FA) consistently targeted KB cells overexpressing the high affinity folate receptor with maximum binding at 100 nM and an apparent binding affinity of ∼ 50 nM and internalized into the cells after 1 hour incubation at 37°C <italic>in vitro</italic>. Preliminary <italic>in vivo </italic> experiments using SCID mice showed that the clusters accumulated in tumor cells expressing folic acid receptors 16 and 48 hours after injection. These results confirmed our hypothesis and demonstrated our ability to design and produce supramolecular arrays of dendrimers using DNA duplex formation. This DNA-linked dendrimer supramolecular array provides a potential platform for developing combinatorial targeted therapeutics in the future.
Design and Implementation of a Single-Stage LLC Resonant Converter with High Power Factor (2007)

A zero voltage switching (ZVS) based on LLC resonant topology is proposed to implement a single-stage ac/dc converter which performs both input-current harmonics reduction and power factor correction (PFC). By integrating a boost-PFC cell and an LLC resonant dc/dc cell into a single power conversion stage, the power losses in the secondary rectifier diodes and the primary switches can be significantly reduced. The proposed architecture exhibits extreme simplicity and lower cost while providing nearly unity power factor and well-regulated output; hence, the proposed converter is very suitable for low power level applications. The operating principles and design procedures for the proposed converter are analyzed and discussed in this paper. Simulation and experimental results from a 125W laboratory prototype are provided to verify the feasibility.
Six fucose‐α(1–2) sugars and α‐fucose assigned in the human brain using <i>in vivo</i> two‐dimensional MRS (2014)

A growing body of literature has indicated that fucose-α(1-2)-galactose sugars are implicated in the molecular mechanisms that underlie neuronal development, learning and memory in the human brain. An understanding of the in vivo roles played by these terminal fucose residues has been hampered by the lack of technology to non-invasively monitor their levels in the human brain. We have implemented in vivo two-dimensional MRS technology to examine the human brain in a 3-T clinical MR scanner, and report that six fucose-α(1-2)-galactose residues and free α-fucose are available for inspection. Fucose-α(1-3)-galactose residues cannot yet be assigned using this technology as they resonate under the water resonance. This new application offers an unprecedented insight into the molecular mechanisms by which fucosylated sugars contribute to neuronal processes and how they alter during development, ageing and disease.
Structure, properties and reactivity of polyoxometalates: a theoretical perspective (2012)

In the thematic review dedicated to polyoxometalate (POM) chemistry published in Chemical Reviews in 1998, no contribution was devoted to theory. This is not surprising because computational modelling of molecular metal-oxide clusters was in its infancy at that time. Nowadays, the situation has completely changed and modern computational methods have been successfully applied to study the structure, electronic properties, spectroscopy and reactivity of POM clusters. Indeed, the progress achieved during the past decade has been spectacular and herein we critically review the most important papers to provide the reader with an almost complete perspective of the field.
NETL: A System for Representing and Using Real-World Knowledge (1979)

Abstract : This report describes a knowledge-base system in which the information is stored in a network of small parallel processing elements--node and link units--which are controlled by an external serial computer. Discussed is NETL, a language for storing real-world information in such a network. A simulator for the parallel network system has been implemented in MACLISP, and an experimental version of NETL is running on this simulator. A number of test-case results and simulated timings will be presented. (Author)
Design, Synthesis, and Structure−Activity Relationship of <i>Trypanosoma brucei</i> Leucyl-tRNA Synthetase Inhibitors as Antitrypanosomal Agents (2011)

African trypanosomiasis, caused by the proto zoal pathogen Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei), is one of the most neglected tropical diseases that are in great need of new drugs. We report the design and synthesis of T. brucei leucyl-tRNA synthetase (TbLeuRS) inhibitors and their structure--activity relationship. Benzoxaborole was used as the core structure and C(6) was modified to achieve improved affinity based on docking results that showed further binding space at this position. Indeed, compounds with C(7) substitutions showed diminished activity due to clash with the eukaryote specific I4ae helix while substitutions at C(6) gave enhanced affinity. TbLeuRS inhibitors with IC(50) as low as 1.6 μM were discovered, and the structure-activity relationship was discussed. The most potent enzyme inhibitors also showed excellent T. brucei parasite growth inhibition activity. This is the first time that TbLeuRS inhibitors are reported, and this study suggests that leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) could be a potential target for antiparasitic drug development.
Research and Reflections on Zhang Taiyan (2013)

历史学家通常描述张太燕(Binglin， 1869-1936 ) 作为革命的一个反满族和享受他对这个更大的政治工程同样辅助的佛教。通常理解的远更少是在作为一个学术学科为中国哲学的建立准备地基的 Zhangs 角色。 1900 在十年任何一个期间对在日本和中国的智力的气候的背景站在一起，在哪个奖赏来了为哲学的发展作为一个前提被放在逻辑上，张是第一个中国知识分子之一在坚持说古典中国哲学家开发了逻辑的土生土长的形式日本学者跟在屁股后头。显著地，他进一步说服了那中国人佛家逻辑和认识论上的 Yogcra 文章的版本(yinming；Skt。hetu-vidy ) 再次使在逻辑上获得瓷器最早的作品的合适的理解可能。在我说服的这份报纸，那张寻求了建立那个早中国的文章熊证人到卓见进超越单个文化的现实，但是最充分并且系统地在学习的 Yogcra 系统被明白表示；并且那位古典中国哲学家哲人达到了最高的真相的了解，哪个能在他们的作品被发现的证据。简言之，我将证明张使用了 Yogcra 肯定中国哲学的价值并且在那么做，帮助了塑造它的早定义。
CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes both contribute to acquired immunity to blood-stage Plasmodium chabaudi AS (1991)

In the present study, the contribution of CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes to acquired immunity to blood-stage infection with the murine malaria species Plasmodium chabaudi AS was investigated. C57BL/6 mice, which are genetically resistant to infection with this hemoprotozoan parasite and exhibit a transient course of infection, were treated intraperitoneally with monoclonal antibodies to T-cell epitopes, either anti-Thy-1, anti-CD4, or anti-CD8. After intraperitoneal infection with 10(6) parasitized erythrocytes, control C57BL/6 mice exhibited a peak parasitemia on day 9 of approximately 35% parasitized erythrocytes and eliminated the infection within 4 weeks. Mice depleted of Thy-1+ or CD4+ T cells had significantly higher parasitemias on day 7 as well as significantly higher peak parasitemias. These mice were unable to control the infection and developed a persistent, high parasitemia that fluctuated between 40 and 60% until the experiment was terminated on day 56 postinfection. Depletion of CD8+ T lymphocytes was found to have no effect on the early course of parasitemia or on the level of peak parasitemia. However, mice depleted of CD8+ T cells experienced two recurrent bouts of parasitemia during the later stage of the infection and required more than 5 weeks to eliminate the parasites. After the peak parasitemia, which occurred in control and experimental animals on day 9, there was a sharp drop in parasitemia coinciding with a wave of reticulocytosis. Therefore, the contribution of the influx of reticulocytes, which are not the preferred host cell of this hemoprotozoan parasite, to limiting the parasitemia was also examined by determining the course of reticulocytosis during infection in control and T cell-depleted animals. Early in infection, there was a marked and comparable reticulocytosis in the peripheral blood of control and T cell-depleted mice; the reticulocytosis peaked on day 12 and coincided with the dramatic and sudden reduction in parasitemia occurring in all groups. In both control and CD8-depleted mice the percentage of reticulocytes decreased as the infection was resolved, whereas in CD4-depleted mice marked reticulocytosis correlated with high, persistent parasitemia. These results thus demonstrate that both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are involved in acquired immunity to blood-stage P. chabaudi AS and that the influx of reticulocytes into the blood that occurs just after the peak parasitemia may contribute temporarily to limiting the parasitemia.
Distribution of Molecular Weight (2004)

For small molecules, such as ethane, there is no problem of molecular weight distribution. All ethane molecules, regardless of the source they come from, have the same molecular weight. The problem exists for macromolecules, especially synthetic polymers. Not all polymer molecules of the same compound such as polystyrene will have the same molecular weight, even if they are prepared in the same way. To describe the distribution of molecular weight, this chapter begins with review of mathematical statistics. There are three types of distributions which are frequently used in statistics: binomial, Poisson and Gaussian. In correspondence, binomial distribution with modification seems to fit condensation polymers. Addition polymers seem to fit Poisson distribution. Both modified binomial distribution and Poisson distribution when applied to the description of macromolecules, are expressed in one parameter equation, the parameter being M (the molecular weight of monomer). There are numerous cases in which one parameter equation is not satisfactory to describe the molecular weight distribution. Proposals are suggested to use two-parameter equations such as the normal (or Gaussian) distribution and the logarithm normal distribution, the two parameters being m(mean) and σ (standard deviation). Based upon the distribution, the molecular weight of polymers is described in four types: number average, weight average, Z average and intrinsic viscosity average. Finally, the chapter mentions experimental methods for determining molecular weight and molecular weight distribution.
AUTOXIDATION REACTIONS CATALYZED BY COBALT ACETATE BROMIDE (1965)

Cobalt acetate bromide in acetic acid solution is an extraordinarily active catalyst for the autoxidation of hydrocarbons. Carboxylic acids and ketones are readily prepared in high yields at moderate temperatures and at atmospheric pressure. In addition, benzylic and allylic groups can be converted to esters of the corresponding alcohols, and the oxidation of tetralin can be controlled to give either α-tetralone or 1,2-dihydronaphthalene as the major product. A mechanism for these reactions is postulated.
Development of a high-sensitivity UV photocathode using GaN film that works in transmission mode (2012)

We developed a high-sensitivity GaN photocathode that works in transmission mode. It has 40.9 % quantum efficiency at 310 nm wavelength. Conventional GaN photocathodes, both transmission mode and reflection mode, are made on a sapphire substrate using metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE). In reflection mode, a GaN photocathode has very high quantum efficiency (QE) of over 50 %. However, in transmission mode, the quantum efficiency of a GaN photocathode was about 25 % at 240 nm with this technique. Therefore, we developed a new GaN photocathode using a glass-bonding technique, where a GaN thin film was bonded to a glass face plate. We found out that constituting an Al- GaN layer on the light incidence side of the photocathode surface provided higher QE than a sole GaN layer type for transmission mode. We focused on the band bending of the photocathode, and analyzed QE for both transmission mode and reflection mode. We then verified the effectiveness of the AlGaN layer using the results from the analysis. The high-sensitivity UV photocathode will be used for flame detection, corona discharge observation, and other UV imaging.
Laboratory and Field Applications of the Strain Relaxation Method (1986)

ABSTRACT Over the past few years, the Strain Relaxation (SR) method (or the anelastic strain recovery) has been used for predicting the orientation of induced hydraulic fractures in oil wells. Reliability of the method requires a sensitive measuring device and cores free of natural cracks. A SR device that uses DC displacement transducers was developed and tested in laboratory and field conditions. An extended version of the SR method is suggested for laboratory use to predict directions and magnitudes of the in-situ stresses. In the laboratory, effects of pore pressure and natural fractures on SR data are investigated. It is observed that jacketed cores that have been subjected to hydrostatic pressure, expand in all directions on the release of the pressure, and that unjacketed porous cores subjected to the same pressure contracted in all directions during their relaxation period. Agreement between the laboratory azimuth predicted by both type of tests is observed. The calculated fracture direction suggested by SR data collected through testing cores which contain natural fractures is likely to be perpendicular to the maximum horizontal in-situ stress, thus the calculated direction will be 90° away from the true direction. On-site, the SR method is applied in three different wells. Results from two wells are in a fair agreement with predictions of other fracture orientation detection techniques.
Generalized ridge analysis with application to population pharmacokinetics/dynamics (1996)

Given a set of measurements on a patient in clinical studies or on a drug response in bioassays and immunoassays, the data series for the individual can be incomplete, noisy, and haphazard. Hence, meaningful analysis on such limited data is at best difficult given the typical assumptions on the nonlinear structure of systematic and random components involving both individual and population effects. This paper describes a simple direct semiparametric procedure to incorporate population-wide information from as many individuals as required to support analysis of data on any specific individual. This notion is motivated by the pattern-processing capabilities of experts as they evaluate data on an individual based on their reservoir of accumulated knowledge of the given application on many individuals.
Vaccine adjuvant safety: the elephant in the room (2013)

Keywords:: adjuvantaluminium saltsautoimmune diseaseimmune toleranceinflammationmacrophagic myofasciitisnarcolepsysafetysqualene emulsiontoxicityvaccine
Ascochlorin Derivatives as Ligands for Nuclear Hormone Receptors (2003)

Nuclear receptor family proteins are structurally related transcription factors activated by specific lipophilic compounds. Because they are activated by a variety of hormonal molecules, including retinoic acid, vitamin D, and steroid hormones, they are assumed to be promising targets for clinical drugs. We previously found that one ascochlorin (1) derivative, 4-O-carboxymethyl-ascochlorin (2), is a potent agonist of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma). Here, we synthesized derivatives of 1, designated as a lead compound, to create new modulators of nuclear hormone receptors. Two derivatives, 4-O-carboxymethyl-2-O-methylascochlorin (9) and 4-O-isonicotinoyl-2-O-methylascochlorin (10), showed improved agonistic activity for PPARgamma and induced differentiation of a progenitor cell line, C3H10T1/2. We also found that 1, dehydroascofuranon (29), and a 2,4-O-diacetyl-1-carboxylic acid derivative of 1 (5) specifically activated estrogen receptors, PPARalpha, and an androgen receptor. All of the derivatives (1-29) activated the pregnane X receptor. These results suggest that the chemical structure of 1 is useful in designing novel modulators of nuclear receptors.
Stereoselective reactions. XIX. Asymmetric dihydroxylation of olefins by employing osmium tetroxide-chiral amine complexes. (1990)

Enantioselective dihydroxylation of E-stilbene afforded (1S, 2S)-1, 2-diphenyl-1, 2-ethanediol in 70% ee by employing a stoichiometric amount of osmium tetroxide-chiral amine 5, prepared from N-methylephedrine and 2-bromopyridine.
A New and Convenient Method for the Preparation of 2-Substituted Quinazolines (1993)

Aldehydes, converted in situ into N-(1-chloroalkyl)pyridinium chlorides using thionyl chloride and pyridine, react with 2-aminobenzyl-amine, under mild conditions, to yield 1,2,3, 4-tetrahydroquinazolines. The latter can be aromatized readily by treatment with 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone or tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone in benzene.
Hepatic steatosis is associated with increased frequency of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with hepatitis C‐related cirrhosis (2007)

In patients with HCV-related cirrhosis, the presence of hepatic steatosis is independently associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma. These findings suggest that steatosis poses an additional risk for HCC and that increased vigilance should be practiced in surveillance of persons with both HCV and steatosis.
Nanostructured Silicon Thin Films Deposited Under Dusty Plasma Conditions (2008)

Silane-based dusty plasmas are widely used in plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition processes to synthesize silicon nanoparticles and/or nanostructured thin films. Under certain conditions, it is possible to access to the inner structure of the thin film by scanning electron microscopy, using the ldquoholerdquo due to dust particles that moved when the sample is brought back to atmospheric pressure.