gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
Fermentation in the Rumen and Human Large Intestine (1981)

Fermentation of food by the microbial community of the rumen is essential for the maintenance and growth of ruminants. The microbial ecosystem and its interaction with the host are described, along with recent attempts to manipulate the composition and activity of the microbial community by adding antibiotics and other chemicals to ruminant diets. A similar microbial community and fermentation occur in the large intestine or cecum of most nonruminant animals including the large intestine of humans. The microbial ecosystems of the rumen and human large intestine are compared.
Identification and quantitation of benzo[a]pyrene-DNA adducts formed in mouse skin (1993)

The DNA adducts of benzo[a]pyrene (BP) formed in vitro were previously identified and quantitated. In this paper, we report the identification and quantitation of the depurination adducts of BP, 8-(benzo[a]pyren-6-yl)guanine (BP-6-C8Gua), BP-6-N7Gua, and BP-6-N7Ade, formed in mouse skin by one-electron oxidation, as well as the major stable adduct formed via the diolepoxide pathway, BP diolepoxide bound at C-10 to the 2-amino of dG (BPDE-10-N2dG). Identification of the depurination adducts was achieved by HPLC and fluorescence line narrowing spectroscopy. The depurination adducts, BP-6-C8Gua (34%), BP-6-N7Gua (10%), and BP-6-N7Ade (30%), constituted 74% of the adducts found in mouse skin 4 h after treatment with BP. The stable adduct BPDE-10-N2dG accounted for 22% of the adducts. Treatment of the skin with BP-7,8-dihydrodiol or BP diolepoxide yielded almost exclusively the stable adduct BPDE-10-N2dG. When BP or BP-7,8-dihydrodiol was bound to RNA or denatured DNA in reactions catalyzed by rat liver microsomes, no depurination adducts were detected. The profiles of stable adducts were similar both qualitatively and quantitatively with native or denatured DNA. With activation of BP by horseradish peroxidase, the profiles of stable adducts differed with native and denatured DNA. The total amount of adducts with denatured DNA was only 25% of the amount detected with native DNA. No depurination adducts were detected with denatured DNA or RNA in the peroxidase system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Hey, NSA (2014)

Mobile devices are evolving as the dominant computing platform and consequently application repositories and app markets are becoming the prevalent paradigm for deploying software. Due to their central and trusted position in the software ecosystem, coerced, hacked or malicious app markets pose a serious threat to user security. Currently, there is little that hinders a nation state adversary (NSA) or other powerful attackers from using such central and trusted points of software distribution to deploy customized (malicious) versions of apps to specific users. Due to intransparencies in the current app installation paradigm, this kind of attack is extremely hard to detect.
Studies on human urinary and pituitary gonadotrophins (1961)

2. Deacetylcephalosporin C has been isolated as a crystalline sodium salt. It resembles cephalo- sporin C in a number of its properties, including its ultraviolet-absorption spectrum, but is more readily converted into the lactone, cephalosporin Cc, in acid solution.
Recognition of fungal glucans by pattern recognition receptors. (2003)

Glucans are (1→3)-β-D linked polymers of glucose that are major constituents of fungal cells walls. Glucans are known to stimulate innate immunity and they are thought to be fungal pathogen associated molecular patterns. Several recent discoveries have dramatically increased our knowledge of the cellular and molecular biology of glucans. Among the most significant advances has been the identification and characterization of glucan specific pattern recognition receptors. This review examines the recent data on the identity, cellular distribution and binding interactions of receptors that recognize fungal glucans. Specific emphasis is placed on the role of Dectin-1 and scavenger receptors as glucan binding sites. The definitive identification and characterization of glucan specific receptors is an essential prerequisite for deciphering the cellular and molecular interactions of fungal glucans with the innate immune system
Radiometric CCD camera calibration and noise estimation (1994)

Changes in measured image irradiance have many physical causes and are the primary cue for several visual processes, such as edge detection and shape from shading. Using physical models for charged-coupled device (CCD) video cameras and material reflectance, we quantify the variation in digitized pixel values that is due to sensor noise and scene variation. This analysis forms the basis of algorithms for camera characterization and calibration and for scene description. Specifically, algorithms are developed for estimating the parameters of camera noise and for calibrating a camera to remove the effects of fixed pattern nonuniformity and spatial variation in dark current. While these techniques have many potential uses, we describe in particular how they can be used to estimate a measure of scene variation. This measure is independent of image irradiance and can be used to identify a surface from a single sensor band over a range of situations. Experimental results confirm that the models presented in this paper are useful for modeling the different sources of variation in real images obtained from video cameras.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Improving Collaborative Recommendation via User-Item Subgroups (2016)

Collaborative filtering (CF) is out of question the most widely adopted and successful recommendation approach. A typical CF-based recommender system associates a user with a group of like-minded users based on their individual preferences over all the items, either explicit or implicit, and then recommends to the user some unobserved items enjoyed by the group. However, we find that two users with similar tastes on one item subset may have totally different tastes on another set. In other words, there exist many user-item subgroups each consisting of a subset of items and a group of like-minded users on these items. It is more reasonable to predict preferences through one user's correlated subgroups, but not the entire user-item matrix. In this paper, to find meaningful subgroups, we formulate a new Multiclass Co-Clustering (MCoC) model, which captures relations of user-to-item, user-to-user, and item-to-item simultaneously. Then, we combine traditional CF algorithms with subgroups for improving their top- <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$N$</tex-math></inline-formula> recommendation performance. Our approach can be seen as a new extension of traditional clustering CF models. Systematic experiments on several real data sets have demonstrated the effectiveness of our proposed approach.
Electrostatic Manipulation of Bioparticles (1996)

In conventional biotechnology, bioparticles, such as cells or DNA are treated as uniform suspensions or solutions, and one can neither specify a particular particle, nor a particular position on the particle. On the other hand, recent advances in micromachining have enabled the fabrication of μm-scale structures, which, in combination with appropriate bioparticle manipulation method, is expected to introduce "spatial resolution" to the biotechnology, where individual bioparticles are handled in more efficient and automated manner. The author's group has been engaged in the development of electrostatic micromanipulation of bioparticles in microfabricated structures, using dielectrophoresis, electrostatic orientation, electrorotation, etc. as the actuation principle. This article summarizes our experimental results on cell and DNA manipulation/processing, together with the theoretical background.
Letters (1958)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVLetterNEXTLettersLouis F. Fieser Cite this: J. Chem. Educ. 1958, 35, 1, 48Publication Date (Print):January 1, 1958Publication History Received3 August 2009Published online1 January 1958Published inissue 1 January 1958https://doi.org/10.1021/ed035p48.1RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views93Altmetric-Citations-LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (755 KB) Get e-Alerts Get e-Alerts
Cognitive mechanisms underlying lying to questions: response time as a cue to deception (2003)

Abstract In this article, a model of the cognitive processes involved in generating deceptive answers to questions is proposed. Partly based on recent accounts of discourse processing, it posits two central processes. One is the decision to lie followed by the construction of a lie . Each should add to response time compared to answering honestly. In Experiment 1, the construction component was assessed; 92 adults were randomly assigned to one of two conditions where they answered personal questions either deceptively or truthfully. Constructing a lie added reliably to response time. Think‐aloud and correlational data support features of the model. In Experiment 2, 121 adults were randomly assigned to one of three conditions: either to tell the truth, lie, or lie when asked a question that probed sensitive information. Replicating and extending Experiment 1, the decision to lie added reliably to response time in the case of open‐ended questions (questions that elicit more than two possible answers). Based on between‐ and within‐subjects comparisons, results suggest that response time is a cue to deception. Recommendations are made for future research. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mimicking pH-Gated Ionic Channels by Polyelectrolyte Complex Confinement Inside a Single Nanopore (2017)

Biological channels have served as inspiration to design stimuli-response artificial nanopores. Here we propose an original approach to design a pH-gate nanopore based on polyethylenimine and chondroitin-4-sulfate (ChS) layer-by-layer self-assembly. This approach is interesting because it is rapid and permits monitoring in real time of functionalization. The study of ionic transport through these single nanopores reveals a selectivity on anions and pH-gate properties at low salt concentration. It is open at pH below 4 or 5 depending on salt concentration. These properties are explained by the modification of both charge and conformation of ChS as well as swelling of the polyelectrolyte complex.
The Influence of Electrode Size on Selectivity and Comfort in Transcutaneous Electrical Stimulation of the Forearm (2010)

Transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TES) is a technique to artificially activate motor nerves and muscles. It can be used for rehabilitation or the restoration of lost motor functions, e.g., in subjects with brain or spinal cord lesions. Apart from selectively activating motor nerves and muscles, TES activates sensory fibers and pain receptors, producing discomfort and pain. Clinicians try to minimize discomfort by optimizing stimulation parameters, electrode location, and electrode size. There are some studies that found optimal electrode sizes for certain stimulation sites (e.g., gastrocnemius), however the underlying effects why certain electrode sizes are preferred by patients is not well understood. We used a TES model consisting of a finite element (FE) model and a nerve model to assess the influence of different electrode sizes on the selectivity and the perceived comfort for various anatomies. Motor thresholds calculated using the TES model were compared with motor thresholds that were obtained from measurements performed on the forearm of ten human volunteers. Results of the TES model indicate that small electrodes (0.8 x 0.8 cm(2)) are more comfortable for thin fat layers (0.25 cm) and superficial nerves (0.1 cm) and larger electrodes (4.1 x 4.1 cm(2)) are more comfortable for thicker fat layers (2 cm) and deeper nerves (1.1 cm) at a constant recruitment.
Morphology of Leishmania donovani Colonies Grown on Blood Agar Plates (1980)

Previous studies have shown that several species of Trypanosomatidae can be grown as discrete and, in some cases clonal, colonies on blood agar plates, and that species differ in colony phenotype (Noeller, 1917, Arch. Schiffs Trop. Hyg. 21: 5-94; Senekjie, 1944, J. Parasitol. 30: 303-308; Newton, 1956, Nature 177: 279-280; Keppel and Janovy, 1977, J. Parasitol. 63: 879-882). None of these previous studies, however, has addressed the following question: Does the life cycle stage used to initiate agar plate culture affect colony phenotype? The question also can be phrased as follows: Does passage through a vertebrate host alter agar plate colony phenotype? Ultimately, this question must be answered if agar plate colony phenotypes are ever to be used as identification tools in the Trypanosomatidae in a manner similar to that used so successfully for so many years with bacteria and fungi. The present study was intended to address the above question using as parasite material the 2S strain of Leishmania donovani.
Peptide ligands in antibacterial drug discovery: use as inhibitors in target validation and target-based screening (2002)

There is an urgent need to develop novel classes of antibiotics to counter the inexorable rise of resistant bacterial pathogens. Modern antibacterial drug discovery is focused on the identification and validation of novel protein targets that may have a suitable therapeutic index. In combination with assays for function, the advent of microbial genomics has been invaluable in identifying novel antibacterial drug targets. The major challenge in this field is the implementation of methods that validate protein targets leading to the discovery of new chemical entities. Ligand-directed drug discovery has the distinct advantage of having a concurrent analysis of both the importance of a target in the disease process and its amenability to functional modulation by small molecules. VITA is a process that enables a target-based paradigm by using peptide ligands for direct in vitro and in vivo validation of antibacterial targets and the implementation of high-throughput assays to identify novel inhibitory molecules. This process can establish sufficient levels of confidence indicating that the target is relevant to the disease process and inhibition of the target will lead to effective disease treatment.
Probabilistic CFD Analysis of High Pressure Turbine Blades Considering Real Geometric Effects (2013)

This paper addresses the consideration of variability due to manufacturing and abrasion of high pressure turbine (HPT) blades through probabilistic CFD investigations. Currently, the influences of those effects onto relevant aerodynamic quantities are covered by safety factors and conservative assumptions. The probabilistic investigation on the other hand, based on realistic input parameters, will enable designers to possibly reduce safety factors and provide the foundation for more robust blade designs. In order to establish a sound statistical database, 500 new and used HPT blades were digitised with an optical 3D scanning system in order to record the outer geometric variability. As described in the work of Heinze et al. [1], the measured point clouds are parameterized using classical profile parameters and a process to rebuild various blade geometries has been developed. In terms of probabilistic investigations, in our case by applying sampling-based methods, a large number of 3D CFD simulations for a 1.5 HPT stage have been conducted using probabilistic blade geometries, followed by a sensitivity analysis and a detailed investigation of the probabilistic system behaviour. For visualization of possible correlations, the technique of Statistics on Passage (SoP) was chosen, as described in [2].
Radiology malpractice lawsuits: California jury verdicts. (1986)

In 1983, 16 out of every 100 U.S. physicians were sued for medical malpractice. The authors reviewed the courtroom results of all 144 lawsuits involving California radiologist defendants reported in Jury Verdicts Weekly (JVW) between 1971 and 1985. Almost half (66 of 144) of the lawsuits involved allegations of "failure to diagnose" (misinterpretations and oversights). About one third (45 of 144) involved procedure complications (angiography, 22; myelography, 11; intravenous contrast administration, 5; other, 7). About three fourths (93 of 127) of the verdicts favored the radiologist defendants. The authors' finding support the American College of Radiology Malpractice Awareness Task Force recommendations.
Common Mechanism for Repellents and Attractants in Bacterial Chemotaxis (1973)

The migrational response of Salmonella typhimurium away from compounds such as phenol, indole, acetic acid, and leucine occurs because the bacteria tumble less frequently while descending gradients of repellents. This contrasts with their response of tumbling less frequently while ascending gradients of attractants. The results of competition experiments suggest that repellents, like attractants, operate through specific receptors, and the algebraic additivity experiments indicate that repellents and attractants utilize a common memory mechanism for taxis.
<i>Drosophila</i> Pumilio Protein Contains Multiple Autonomous Repression Domains That Regulate mRNAs Independently of Nanos and Brain Tumor (2011)

Drosophila melanogaster Pumilio is an RNA-binding protein that potently represses specific mRNAs. In developing embryos, Pumilio regulates a key morphogen, Hunchback, in collaboration with the cofactor Nanos. To investigate repression by Pumilio and Nanos, we created cell-based assays and found that Pumilio inhibits translation and enhances mRNA decay independent of Nanos. Nanos robustly stimulates repression through interactions with the Pumilio RNA-binding domain. We programmed Pumilio to recognize a new binding site, which garners repression of new target mRNAs. We show that cofactors Brain Tumor and eIF4E Homologous Protein are not obligatory for Pumilio and Nanos activity. The conserved RNA-binding domain of Pumilio was thought to be sufficient for its function. Instead, we demonstrate that three unique domains in the N terminus of Pumilio possess the major repressive activity and can function autonomously. The N termini of insect and vertebrate Pumilio and Fem-3 binding factors (PUFs) are related, and we show that corresponding regions of human PUM1 and PUM2 have repressive activity. Other PUF proteins lack these repression domains. Our findings suggest that PUF proteins have evolved new regulatory functions through protein sequences appended to their conserved PUF repeat RNA-binding domains.
Synthesis of Zwitterionic Shell Cross-Linked Micelles (1999)

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVCommunicationNEXTSynthesis of Zwitterionic Shell Cross-Linked MicellesV. Bütün, A. B. Lowe, N. C. Billingham, and S. P. ArmesView Author Information School of Chemistry, Physics and Environmental Science University of Sussex, Falmer, Brighton, BN1 9QJ, UK Cite this: J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 17, 4288–4289Publication Date (Web):April 20, 1999Publication History Received25 November 1998Published online20 April 1999Published inissue 1 May 1999https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/ja9840596https://doi.org/10.1021/ja9840596rapid-communicationACS PublicationsCopyright © 1999 American Chemical SocietyRequest reuse permissionsArticle Views1912Altmetric-Citations230LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InRedditEmail Other access optionsGet e-AlertscloseSupporting Info (1)»Supporting Information Supporting Information SUBJECTS:Copolymers,Hydrolysis,Micelles,Nucleic acid structure,Solution chemistry Get e-Alerts
Low-Power Current Mode Logic for Improved DPA-Resistance in Embedded Systems (2005)

In this work, MOS current mode logic (MCML) is analyzed for low power, low noise, mixed signal applications demanding high security such as embedded cryptographic processors and smart cards. We emphasize the possible extension of MCML gate usage for low speed applications requiring high noise immunity and having strict specifications regarding the input pattern-dependence with respect to current drawn from the power supply for better data security. A set of logic gates were realized using 0.18 /spl mu/m CMOS technology, and their performance has been compared to static CMOS gates, showing an improvement of one to two orders of magnitude.
Steerable catheters for minimally invasive surgery: a review and future directions (2018)

The steerable catheter refers to the catheter that is manipulated by a mechanism which may be driven by operators or by actuators. The steerable catheter for minimally invasive surgery has rapidly become a rich and diverse area of research. Many important achievements in design, application and analysis of the steerable catheter have been made in the past decade. This paper aims to provide an overview of the state of arts of steerable catheters. Steerable catheters are classified into four main groups based on the actuation principle: (1) tendon driven catheters, (2) magnetic navigation catheters, (3) soft material driven catheters (shape memory effect catheters, steerable needles, concentric tubes, conducting polymer driven catheters and hydraulic pressure driven catheters), and (4) hybrid actuation catheters. The advantages and limitations of each of them are commented and discussed in this paper. The future directions of research are summarized.