gebhart/patrepeval huggingface dataset:
rf and dc discharge characteristics for opposed-targets sputtering (1986)

An rf opposed-targets sputtering (OTS) system, which can also be used as a dc OTS one, has been constructed and its discharge and plasma characteristics have been investigated. The rf OTS system has discharge and plasma characteristics similar to those of rf magnetron sputtering. Ionization of sputtering gases using high-energy γ electrons is the main mechanism for producing high-density plasma in both rf and dc OTS, though the ionization of gases by the rf excitation of electrons in the rf electric field becomes prominent at low plasma density in rf OTS. The absolute value of the self-bias potential (‖Vsb‖) of targets in rf OTS during sputtering is much higher than that of the applied target voltage (‖Va‖) in dc OTS. This is mainly caused by the fact that the trapping efficiency of γ electrons is much higher in dc OTS than in rf OTS, since the γ electrons are lost at the target surface in rf OTS but not in dc OTS. It was found that the bombardment of ions to the substrate surface is markedly heavier in rf OTS than in dc OTS, though it can be made lighter by sputtering at higher gas pressure and plasma densities.
Vehicle Traction Control: Variable-Structure Control Approach (1991)

A longitudinal one-wheel vehicle model is described for both anti-lock braking and anti-span acceleration. Based on this vehicle model, sufficient conditions for applying sliding-mode control to vehicle traction are derived via Lyapunov Stability Theory. With the understanding of these sufficient conditions, control laws are designed to control vehicle traction. Both the sufficient conditions and the control laws are verified using computer simulations.
Multiple lesions in receptor tyrosine kinase pathway determine glioblastoma response to pan-ERBB inhibitor PF-00299804 and PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor PF-05212384 (2014)

A novel pan ERBB inhibitor PF-00299804 (dacomitinib) is currently in phase II clinical trials in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients; however its pre-clinical efficacy in GBMs has not been tested. In this study, we evaluated the efficacy of dacomitinib alone or in combination with PI3K/mTOR dual inhibitor PF-05212384 in GBM and assessed the mechanisms of resistance and the molecular determinants of response. A panel of established and patient derived primary GBM lines that present different molecular profiles and also the GBM lines engineered to express EGFRvIII mutant or PTEN were treated with either dacomitinib, PF-05212384, or combination and assessed for their viability and changes in EGFR/PI3K/mTOR signaling. We show that dacomitinib significantly reduced phosphorylated EGFR in all the GBM lines but did not show a dose-dependent response on cell viability in a majority of the lines tested. Multiple lesions in the receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) pathway including PTEN mutation, co-activation of RTKs, and EGFRvIII mutation resulted in unaltered active status of PI3K/mTOR in the GBM lines even in the presence of EGFR inhibition. Blocking PI3K/mTOR dramatically inhibited cell proliferation in most GBM lines and enhanced dacomitinib induction of apoptosis in a GBM line that has both EGFR amplification and EGFR-independent PI3K activation. These data suggest molecular profiling of EGFR/PI3K/PTEN status to select GBM patients for EGFR or/and PI3K/mTOR targeted therapies.
Preparation of Milk Fat Methyl Esters by Alcoholysis in an Essentially Nonalcoholic Solution (1969)

Treatment of 19 vol of 10% solution of milk fat in petroleum ether with 1 vol of either 2 N methanolic potassium hydroxide or sodium methoxide at room temperature results in the almost instantaneous formation of methyl esters from glyeeride fatty acids. The solution may be analyzed by gas chromatography at once.
The investigation of multilayer x-ray reflectors as x-ray optical elements (1989)

At BYU, we have been involved in x-ray optics for several years. In the last several years the intensity of this effort has significantly increased. A review of this work is included in the previous report. The work done in the last phase of this work on multilayer x-ray mirrors focused on a code to predict the curvature of etched silicon wafers and a study of the development of an x-ray interferometer for plasma diagnostics. The work was also partially supported by the State of Utah under the Centers of Excellence program and the interferometer work was done in collaboration with MOXTEK, Inc., an x-ray optics company which received support for some of the work through The Department of Defense. 28 refs., 34 figs., 8 tabs.
Maltose-Binding Protein Fusion Allows for High Level Bacterial Expression and Purification of Bioactive Mammalian Cytokine Derivatives (2014)

Fusokines are chimeric proteins generated by the physical coupling of cytokines in a single polypeptide, resulting in proteins with highly pleiotropic activity and the potential to treat cancer and autoimmune ailments. For instance, the fusokine GIFT15 (GM-CSF and Interleukin 15 Fusion Transgene) has been shown to be a powerful immunosuppressive protein able to convert naïve B cells into IL-10-producing B cells. To date, the mammalian cell systems used for the expression of GIFT15 allow for secretion of the protein in the culturing media, an inefficient system for producing GMP-compliant fusokines. In this study we report the bacterial expression of bioactive recombinant GIFT15 (rGIFT15). Indeed, there is a constant demand to improve the expression systems for therapeutic proteins. Expression of a maltose-binding protein (MBP) fusion protein efficiently allowed the accumulation of soluble protein in the intracellular milieu. Optimizing the bacterial culture significantly increased the yield of recombinant protein. The biological activity of rGIFT15 was comparable to that of fusokine derived from a mammalian source. This approach led to the production of soluble, endotoxin-free functional protein, averaging 5 mg of rGIFT15 per liter of culture. This process is amenable to scale up for the development of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-compliant immune-modulatory rGIFT15.
Novel Approaches to Bone Grafting: Porosity, Bone Morphogenetic Proteins, Stem Cells, and the Periosteum (2010)

The disadvantages involving the use of a patient's own bone as graft material have led surgeons to search for alternative materials. In this review, several characteristics of a successful bone graft material are discussed. In addition, novel synthetic materials and natural bone graft materials are being considered. Various factors can determine the success of a bone graft substitute. For example, design considerations such as porosity, pore shape, and interconnection play significant roles in determining graft performance. The effective delivery of bone morphogenetic proteins and the ability to restore vascularization also play significant roles in determining the success of a bone graft material. Among current approaches, shorter bone morphogenetic protein sequences, more efficient delivery methods, and periosteal graft supplements have shown significant promise for use in autograft substitutes or autograft extenders.
Brown adipose tissue and its modulation by a mitochondria-targeted peptide in rat burn injury-induced hypermetabolism (2012)

Hypermetabolism is a prominent feature of burn injury, and altered mitochondria function is presumed to contribute to this state. Recently, brown adipose tissue (BAT) was found to be present not only in rodents but also in humans, and its activity is associated with resting metabolic rate. In this report, we elucidate the relationship between burn injury-induced hypermetabolism and BAT activity and the possible role of the mitochondria-targeted peptide SS31 in attenuating burn injury-induced hypermetabolism by using a rat burn injury model. We demonstrate that burn injury induces morphological changes in interscapular BAT (iBAT). Burn injury was associated with iBAT activation, and this effect was positively correlated with increased energy expenditure. BAT activation was associated with augmentation of mitochondria biogenesis, and UCP1 expression in the isolated iBAT mitochondria. In addition, the mitochondria-targeted peptide SS31 attenuated burn injury-induced hypermetabolism, which was accompanied by suppression of UCP1 expression in isolated mitochondria. Our results suggest that BAT plays an important role in burn injury-induced hypermetabolism through its morphological changes and expression of UCP1.
CAMP: a common API for measuring performance (2007)

Accurate performance testing of heterogeneous distributed systems, such as those created using GRID technology, requires a consistent method for retrieving system performance data from multiple platforms. This paper presents CAMP 1: a low-level platform independent performance data API designed for use with distributed testing frameworks. CAMP is not necessarily tied to the distributed testing task: it provides a simple, low-level interface into operating system performance data that can be used to build complex performance measurement applications. This paper discusses CAMP’s functionality and implementation in detail. It also contains a detailed analysis of the API’s correctness, performance, and overhead.
Dissolution of borate glasses and precipitation of phosphate compounds (2015)

Borate glasses have been developed for biomedical applications such as scaffolds for soft tissue and bone repair. The dissolution processes of borate glasses in phosphatecontaining aqueous solutions were studied by μ-Raman spectroscopy which provided information about the types and concentrations of borate species released into the solution as a function of time and characterized the formation of calcium phosphate reaction products on the glass surface. Boric acid molecules (H3BO3) and borate anions (B(OH)4 ) can be detected in solution and their relative concentrations depend on the solution pH. Static and dynamic single-pass flow-through experiments were employed to study the dissolution kinetics of a borate bioactive glass 13-93B3 in water, simulated body fluid (SBF), and other solutions. As the glasses react, B-, Ca-, Na-, K-, Mg-, and P-species were released from the glass and a magnesium-containing amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) or hydroxyapatite (HAP) layer formed on the surface of the glass. The formation of crystalline hydroxyapatite was favored with faster flow rates, longer reaction times, and increased phosphate concentration in solution. Under static conditions, the dissolution rates are initially described by a reaction-controlled model (linear kinetics), but after the glass is ~25-30% reacted, a diffusion-controlled model (parabolic kinetics) better describes the dissolution rates. The change in reaction mechanism is attributed to the diffusion of species from the glass through the ACP layer. The activation energy for the reaction-controlled process is 41.1±0.6 kJ/mol, whereas the activation energy for the diffusion process is 32.3±0.1 kJ/mol. For the SPFT experiments, glasses dissolved faster under faster flow rates and smaller glass volumes. The ion release rate was calculated and found to range from 1.7x10 -5 g/m 2 /s for slow flow rates to 1.1x10 -3 g/m 2 /s for lower glass volumes.
A Hierarchical P2P-SIP Architecture (2006)

This document outlines the hierarchical P2P-SIP architecture, which
makes the combination of P2P and SIP practical. In this architecture,
heterogeneous overlays are inter-connected via a decentralized manner
provided by the hierarchical P2P-SIP architecture. The overhead of the
session control process is reduced since the P2P overlay is used by
SIP as the underlying peer locating approach. Some nodes in the
overlay are proposed to be stateful to improve the reliability of the
overlay. Finally, a session initial example is presented to illustrate
this architecture.This work is being discussed on the
p2psip@cs.columbia.edu mailing list.
Silicon X-Ray Detector With Integrated Thin-Film Transistor for Biomedical Applications (2010)

<para xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> A novel silicon X-ray detector with an integrated thin-film-transistor (TFT) readout circuit is presented. The device consists of a bulk-silicon photodiode and a TFT atop the photodiode. X-ray photons are absorbed and converted to electronic charges by the bulk-silicon photodiode and then read out via the modulation of the TFT drain–source current through an internal gate. Such a device is promising for low-energy X-ray or gamma-ray applications including protein crystallography and X-ray spectroscopy. </para>
Upside-Down Gliding of<i>Lymnaea</i> (2008)

The pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis can often be observed moving upside down on its back just below the surface of the water. We have termed this form of movement "upside-down gliding." To elucidate the mechanism of this locomotion, we performed a series of experiments involving behavioral analyses and microscopic observations. These experiments were designed (1) to measure the speed of this locomotion; (2) to determine whether the mucus secreted from the foot of Lymnaea repels water, thereby allowing the snail to exploit the surface tension of the water for upside-down gliding; and (3) to observe the beating of foot cilia in this behavior. The beating of these cilia is thought to be the primary driving force for upside-down gliding. Our results demonstrate that upside-down gliding is an efficient active process involving the secretion of mucus that floats up to the water surface to serve as a substrate upon which cilia beat to cause locomotion at the underside of the water surface.
Early pulmonary disease in cystic fibrosis (1997)

In cystic fibrosis, airway infection and inflammation lead to chronic progressive lung disease. The pathogenesis of cystic fibrosis is still not completely understood, but increasing evidence indicates that the disease process occurs in young patients. Treatment of respiratory symptoms in young patients, although not well studied, is commonly accepted and includes the full range of treatments used in older patients-secretion clearance techniques, bronchodilators, anti-inflammatory agents, and antibiotics by oral, inhaled, and systemic routes. It is not clear, however, whether early treatment can delay or prevent progressive lung disease in these patients. Outcome measures, including determination of infant lung function, imaging techniques, and direct lower airway sampling through bronchoalveolar lavage are under development and will allow large, multicenter interventional trials in young children. These studies will be aimed at delaying the initiation of lung disease and slowing disease progression.
Serologic Differences between Strains of Infectious Bronchitis Virus from New Zealand, Australia, and the United States (1976)

President Roosevelt is sorry that March 23 is too early, as he will not reach the Pacific coast until around May 1.
All-optical switching of infrared optical radiation using isotropic liquid crystal (1995)

Experimental results of the transmission to total-internal reflection switching of a step-on CO/sub 2/ laser beam by a dielectric-clad, isotropic liquid crystal film is presented. The use of the isotropic phase allows for polarization independence of the processes, while maintaining a moderate thermal nonlinearity. Dependence of switching speed on incident angle and energy density is evaluated. Experimental observations of the nonlinear switching effect with microsecond CO/sub 2/ laser pulses are also presented.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">></ETX>
Ultraviolet Detection of Synthetic Oil Contamination of Skin (1984)

A study was conducted to evaluate skin contamination occurring on coal liquefaction process workers using quantitative (Spill Spotter) and qualitative (blacklight) ultraviolet fluorescence methods. Other objectives were to determine the effectiveness of showering in removing contamination, and to determine the quantitative relationship between Spill Spotter response and skin contamination concentration. Field measurements showed wide ranges of background skin fluorescence caused by differing skin types. Visible dirt on the skin partially quenched the fluorescence response of the Spill Spotter. Fluorescent skin contamination on selected workers was quantified relative to a calibration curve developed on pigskin using a reference synfuel oil. One group of workers was shown to exhibit a two-to three-fold increase in fluorescence during the work shift. Showering removed skin contamination although residual contamination sometimes remained on workers that exhibited the greatest degree of skin contamination during the workshift. Further refinement of the ultraviolet method for absolute quantification of fluorescent skin contamination is needed.
Studies of gapped DNA substrate binding by mammalian DNA polymerase beta. Dependence on 5'-phosphate group. (1994)

Purified mammalian DNA polymerase beta (beta-pol) fills short gaps of up to 6 nucleotides by a processive mechanism, and this gap-filling activity requires a PO4 group on the 5'-side of the gap (Singhal, R. K., and Wilson, S. H. (1993) J. Biol. Chem. 268, 15906-15911). To assess details of bimolecular binding between beta-pol and a 5-nucleotide (nt) gapped radiolabeled heteropolymeric DNA substrate, beta-pol.DNA complexes were formed, photochemically cross-linked using UV light, and analyzed by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography. A 39-nt template was annealed with two 17-mer oligonucleotides, generating a 5-nt gap. The results indicate that beta-pol binds to both the template and primer strands, and binding is strongly enhanced by a 5'-PO4 on the downstream oligonucleotide, even though little cross-linking is observed to this oligonucleotide. The results suggest that beta-pol recognizes the 5'-side of a long single-stranded gap in DNA, provided it contains a 5'-PO4. Additional beta-pol.DNA binding measurements were performed using a competition assay to assess the ability of heteropolymeric DNA to inhibit synthesis on a homopolymeric template-primer system. The results indicate that in addition to the 5'-PO4, the length of the single-stranded template nucleic acid adjacent to the 5'-PO4 is also important for tight binding. Proteolysis of the cross-linked beta-pol.DNA complex with trypsin resulted in a single radiolabeled tryptic product corresponding to nucleic acid cross-linked to the 8-kDa domain. The results demonstrate that the role of the 8-kDa domain is to direct beta-pol binding to the phosphorylated 5'-position in gapped DNA substrates.
Pd(II)-Catalyzed Intermolecular Arylation of Unactivated C(sp<sup>3</sup>)–H Bonds with Aryl Bromides Enabled by 8-Aminoquinoline Auxiliary (2014)

An example of using readily available, less reactive aryl bromides as arylating reagents in the Pd(II)-catalyzed intermolecular arylation of unactivated C(sp(3))-H bonds is described. This reaction was promoted by a crucial 8-aminoquinolinyl directing group and a K2CO3 base, enabling regiospecific installation of an aryl scaffold at the β-position of carboxamides. A mechanistic study by DFT calculations reveals a C(sp(3))-H activation-led pathway featuring the oxidative addition as the highest energy transition state.
Head Gesture Recognition using Optical Flow based Classification with Reinforcement of GMM based Background Subtraction (2013)

This paper describes a technique of real time head gesture recognition system. The method includes Gaussian mixture model (GMM) accompanied by optical flow algorithm which provided us the required information regarding head movement. The proposed model can be implemented in various control system. We are also presenting the result and implementation of both mentioned method.
Polygonal Spline Spaces and the Numerical Solution of the Poisson Equation (2016)

It is known that generalized barycentric coordinates can be used to form Bernstein polynomial-like functions over a polygon with any number of sides. We propose to use these functions to form a space of continuous polygonal splines (piecewise defined functions) of order $d$ over a partition consisting of polygons which is able to reproduce all polynomials of degree $d$. Locally supported basis functions for the space are constructed for order $d\ge 2$. The construction for $d=2$ is simpler than the “serendipity” quadratic finite elements that have appeared in the recent literature. The number of basis functions is similar to, but fewer than, those of the virtual element method. We use them for the numerical solution of the Poisson equation on two special types of nontriangular partitions to present a proof of concept for solving PDEs over polygonal partitions. Numerical solutions based on quadrangulations and pentagonal partitions are demonstrated to show the efficiency of these polygonal spline functions. They can lead to a more accurate solution by using fewer degrees of freedom than the traditional continuous polynomial finite element method if the solutions are smooth although assembling the mass and stiffness matrices can take more time.
Adaptive polarization transmission of OFDM signals in channels with polarization mode dispersion and polarization-dependent loss (2009)

A 2times2 multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) architecture using dual-polarized antennas (DPAs) is considered with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). The performance of DPAs is evaluated for adaptive polarization (AP) transmission techniques in time-varying multipath channels impaired by polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and polarization-dependent loss (PDL). AP transmission techniques considered include power gain maximization, polarization dispersion minimization for interference avoidance, polarization multiplexing with water-filling, and a suboptimal multiplexing strategy that enables direct recovery of the polarization multiplexed streams, thereby simplifying the design of the receiver. Measured time-varying dual-polarized channel realizations from mobile-to-mobile experiments are used to estimate the capacity, diversity, and interference avoidance performance of the adaptive approaches.
Screening of filamentous fungi for production of enzymes of biotechnological interest (2006)

Many enzymes produced by fungi have relevant biotechnological applications in several industrial areas. The purpose of this study was to collect and isolate filamentous fungi from soil and humus, plants and sugar cane bagasse of different regions of the São Paulo state. Forty isolates were examined for their ability to produce xylanase, glucose-oxidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, phytase, pectinase and amylase. Among these, twenty three isolates exhibited enzymatic potential. The xylanases produced by two of these isolates (Aspergillus caespitosus and A. phoenicis) showed good potential for pulp bleaching. Among seventeen isolates, at least three produced high levels of glucose-oxidase, being Rhizopus stolonifer and A. versicolor the best producer strains. A. caespitosus, Mucor rouxii, and nine others still not identified were the best producers of phosphatases in submerged fermentation. Pectinase was best produced by IF II and C-8 belong R. stolonifer. Significant levels of amylase were produced by Paecilomyces variotii and A. phoenicis. A remarkable enzyme producer was Rhizopus microsporus var. rhizopodiformis that produced high levels of amylase, alkaline and acid phosphatases, and pectinase. Some morphological structures of this fungus were illustrated using light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). This study contributes to catalogue soil fungi isolated in the state of São Paulo, and provides additional information to support future research about the industrial potential of these microorganisms that may produce enzymes and, eventually, also secondary metabolites with anti-microbial or anti-parasitic activities.